gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colour and illumination in computer vision (2018)

In computer vision, illumination is considered to be a problem that needs to be 'solved'. The colour cast due to illumination is removed to support colour-based image recognition and stable tracking (in and out of shadows), among other tasks. In this paper, I review historical and current algorithms for illumination estimation. In the classical approach, the illuminant colour is estimated by an ever more sophisticated analysis of simple image summary statistics often followed by a bias correction step. Bias correction is a function applied to the estimates made by a given illumination estimation algorithm to correct consistent errors in the estimations. Most recently, the full power, and much higher complexity, of deep learning has been deployed (where, effectively, the definition of the image statistics of interest and the type of analysis carried out are found as part of an overall optimization). In this paper, I challenge the orthodoxy of deep learning, i.e. that it is the best approach for illuminant estimation. We instead focus on the final bias correction stage found in many simple illumination estimation algorithms. There are two key insights in our method. First, we argue that the bias must be corrected in an exposure invariant way. Second, we show that this bias correction amounts to 'solving for a homography'. Homography-based illuminant estimation is shown to deliver leading illumination estimation performance (at a very small fraction of the complexity of deep learning methods).
Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Dehydroepiandrosterone in the Cynomolgus Monkey (2003)

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administered orally (PO), i.v., and during a continuous i.v. infusion in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys under suppression of adrenal DHEA secretion with dexamethasone. The glucocorticoid induced a rapid suppression of serum cortisol, DHEA, and DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S) as well as their metabolites, thus permitting to use this model to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of DHEA and its metabolites without significant interference by endogenous steroid levels. After a single 10 mg i.v. dose of DHEA, the metabolic clearance rate and terminal half-life of DHEA were 99.9 +/- 9.1 liter/d and 4.5 +/- 0.3 h, respectively. Following a 50-mg DHEA PO dose, systemic availability was only 3.1 +/- 0.4%. As shown by their high conversion ratios, the major circulating metabolites of DHEA are DHEA-S, androsterone glucuronide, and androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol-glucuronide. The conversion ratios of androst-5-ene-3 beta,17 beta-diol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione are, in comparison, small. No transformation to estrogens could be detected in the circulation after either i.v. or PO DHEA administration. The present data indicate that DHEA is transformed predominantly into androgens in peripheral tissues in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys with minimal (androgens) or no (estrogens) release of the bioactive steroids in the circulation. Furthermore, the present study supports the importance of measuring circulating androgen glucuronide derivatives to assess hormonal exposure of peripheral tissues to androgens after DHEA administration.
Learning dynamics for exemplar-based gesture recognition (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of capturing the dynamics for exemplar-based recognition systems. Traditional HMM provides a probabilistic tool to capture system dynamics and in exemplar paradigm, HMM states are typically coupled with the exemplars. Alternatively, we propose a non-parametric HMM approach that uses a discrete HMM with arbitrary states (decoupled from exemplars) to capture the dynamics over a large exemplar space where a nonparametric estimation approach is used to model the exemplar distribution. This reduces the need for lengthy and non-optimal training of the HMM observation model. We used the proposed approach for view-based recognition of gestures. The approach is based on representing each gesture as a sequence of learned body poses (exemplars). The gestures are recognized through a probabilistic framework for matching these body poses and for imposing temporal constraints between different poses using the proposed non-parametric HMM.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE ANTI-TUMOUR AGENT FROM THE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY A33 (1994)

s: Fifth Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer: Session VI: Experimental Radioimmunotherapy: PDF Only
Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO for Federated Learning: Transmission Designs and Resource Allocations (2021)

This work proposes novel synchronous, asynchronous, and session-based designs for energy-efficient massive multiple-input multiple-output networks to support federated learning (FL). The synchronous design relies on strict synchronization among users when executing each FL communication round, while the asynchronous design allows more flexibility for users to save energy by using lower computing frequencies. The session-based design splits the downlink and uplink phases in each FL communication round into separate sessions. In this design, we assign users such that one of the participating users in each session finishes its transmission and does not join the next session. As such, more power and degrees of freedom will be allocated to unfinished users, leading to higher rates, lower transmission times, and hence, a higher energy efficiency. In all three designs, we use zero-forcing processing for both uplink and downlink, and develop algorithms that optimize user assignment, time allocation, power, and computing frequencies to minimize the energy consumption at the base station and users, while guaranteeing a predefined maximum execution time of one FL communication round.
Putting an end to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa IQS controversy (2019)

Despite published evidence that IQS (2-(2-hydroxylphenyl)-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde) is in fact aeruginaldehyde, a by-product of the siderophore pyochelin biosynthesis or degradation and that the ambABCDE genes are not responsible for IQS synthesis, several authors, including in top review journals, perpetuate the wrong information. I hope that this short comment will clarify the situation once and for all.
Nonimaging optics maximizing exergy for hybrid solar system (2016)

The project team of University of California at Merced (UC-Merced), Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and MicroLink Devices Inc. (MicroLink) are developing a hybrid solar system using a nonimaging compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) that maximizes the exergy by delivering direct electricity and on-demand heat. The hybrid solar system technology uses secondary optics in a solar receiver to achieve high efficiency at high temperature, collects heat in particles and uses reflective liftoff cooled double junction (2J) InGaP/GaAs solar cells with backside infrared (IR) reflectors on the secondary optical element to raise exergy efficiency. The nonimaging optics provides additional concentration towards the high temperature thermal stream and enables it to operate efficiently at 650 &deg;C while the solar cell is maintained at 40 &deg;C to operate as efficiently as possible.
A mechanism of liposome electroformation (2007)

External electric fields can induce or prevent liquid swelling and liposome formation on solid surfaces. These effects depend on the type of lipid and surface, the medium parameters (temperature, osmolarity, ionic strength), the dried lipid layer thickness, the type and parameters of the electric field (dc or ac, amplitude, frequency, current), the situation of the lipid (on the very electrode surface or an another surface) and the time of exposure. This paper presents new data and theoretical estimates which allow us to suggest a possible mechanism of liposome electroformation. The new experimental results with negatively charged egg lecithin (EggL−) and neutral synthetic phosphatidylcholine (PC) are that (1) cholesterol in mixtures with EggL− inhibits liposome formation, (2) sodium chloride leads to a decrease in the size and number of liposomes; liposomes do not form in solution more concentrated than 10 mM NaCl, (3) dextran also decreases the size and number of liposomes; they do not form in solution of dextran concentration higher than 2.5 mM, (4) dc electric fields can overcome the effect of dextran and lead to swelling even in 2.5 mM dextran solutions, (5) dc fields are most effective if applied in the first 30 s of lipid swelling, the increase of the period of the field action does not lead to a significant effect on the liposome yield, (6) a similar effect was also observed with (PC), but the critical period of time was a bit shorter — 10 s. The balance of forces acting on a lamellae of hydrating lipid shows that a possible pathway of liposome formation can include at least three basic stages: (1) separation of interacting membranes — the hydration and electrostatic interactions yield the main driving forces for this process, (2) instability of bending which can result from negative membrane tension due to surface and line tension and (3) the bending itself and closing of the membranes — the kinetics of this process and the instability of bending largely determine the liposome size distribution. External electric fields can affect any of these stages by at least two mechanisms: (1) direct electrostatic interaction and (2) redistribution of the counter-ions between the membranes. The interplay between the van der Waals, hydration and electrostatic forces is the major determinant of the mechanisms of liposome electroformation.
Cycloruthenated Primary and Secondary Amines as Efficient Catalyst Precursors for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (2005)

[reaction: see text] Ruthenacycles obtained by cyclometalation of enantiopure aromatic primary or secondary amines with [(eta6-benzene)RuCl2]2 or with [(eta6-p-cymene)RuCl2]2 are efficient catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (TOF up to 190 h(-1) at room temperature). Enantioselectivities in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone ranged from 38% to 89%. It is possible to prepare the catalysts in situ, which allows the use of high throughput experimentation.
Threshold‐voltage recovery of a‐Si:H digital circuits (2006)

Abstract— A‐Si:H thin‐film transistors demonstrate threshold voltage recovery of several volts after room‐temperature rest with no applied voltage. The extent to which this phenomenon can be used to extend the operational lifetime of a‐Si:H digital circuits is examined and is shown to be strictly limited.
A prothrombin activator from Bothrops erythromelas (jararaca-da-seca) snake venom: characterization and molecular cloning (2002)

A novel prothrombin activator enzyme, which we have named 'berythractivase', was isolated from Bothrops erythromelas (jararaca-da-seca) snake venom. Berythractivase was purified by a single cation-exchange-chromatography step on a Resource S (Amersham Biosciences) column. The overall purification (31-fold) indicates that berythractivase comprises about 5% of the crude venom. It is a single-chain protein with a molecular mass of 78 kDa. SDS/PAGE of prothrombin after activation by berythractivase showed fragment patterns similar to those generated by group A prothrombin activators, which convert prothrombin into meizothrombin, independent of the prothrombinase complex. Chelating agents, such as EDTA and o -phenanthroline, rapidly inhibited the enzymic activity of berythractivase, like a typical metalloproteinase. Human fibrinogen A alpha-chain was slowly digested only after longer incubation with berythractivase, and no effect on the beta- or gamma-chains was observed. Berythractivase was also capable of triggering endothelial proinflammatory and procoagulant cell responses. von Willebrand factor was released, and the surface expression of both intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin was up-regulated by berythractivase in cultured human umbilical-vein endothelial cells. The complete berythractivase cDNA was cloned from a B. erythromelas venom-gland cDNA library. The cDNA sequence possesses 2330 bp and encodes a preproprotein with significant sequence similarity to many other mature metalloproteinases reported from snake venoms. Berythractivase contains metalloproteinase, desintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domains. However, berythractivase did not elicit any haemorrhagic response. These results show that, although the primary structure of berythractivase is related to that of snake-venom haemorrhagic metalloproteinases and functionally similar to group A prothrombin activators, it is a prothrombin activator devoid of haemorrhagic activity. This is a feature not observed for most of the snake venom metalloproteinases, including the group A prothrombin activators.
236-OR: Molecular and Biological Properties of Insulin Icodec, a New Insulin Analog Designed to Give a Long Half-Life Suitable for Once-Weekly Dosing (2020)

Insulin icodec is a novel insulin analog with a terminal elimination half-life of ∼196 hours currently in clinical development, designed to be able to cover a full week’s basal insulin requirements with a single subcutaneous injection. To attain such a long half-life, the insulin molecule was modified to achieve an albumin-bound circulating depot of icodec which acts just as human insulin (HI) but is more slowly cleared.Addition of a C20 fatty diacid containing side chain at B29K via a hydrophilic linker imparts strong but reversible albumin binding (10x that of insulin detemir). Three amino acid substitutions (A14E, B16H and B25H) ensure reduced enzymatic degradation of icodec and contribute to attenuating insulin receptor (IR) binding and clearance, further prolonging the half-life. In vitro studies demonstrated that icodec is a specific and full agonist of the human IR, and that it displays the same dose-dependent mode of action as HI, exemplified by its ability to phosphorylate the IR and stimulate intracellular signaling pathways (phospho-AKT and -ERK). Functional assays have demonstrated that icodec elicits the same pattern of metabolic effects as HI, including glucose uptake and lipogenesis in fat cells, and stimulation of glycogen synthesis in liver cells. The affinity of icodec for the IGF-1 receptor was found to be proportionately lower than its binding to the IR. The in vitro mitogenic effect of icodec in primary human mammary cells (HMEC), as well as in mammary and colon carcinoma cells (MCF-7 and COLO 205) was found to be low relative to that of HI. In conclusion, icodec is a new insulin analog designed to achieve a slowly cleared, albumin-bound circulating depot which results in a long half-life suited for once weekly injections, covering the basal insulin requirements for a full week. *Insulin icodec (proposed INN). Disclosure E. Nishimura: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. T. Kjeldsen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. F. Hubalek: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. T. Glendorf: Employee; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. C.E. Stidsen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. B.F. Hansen: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. T.A. Pedersen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. A. Luetzen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. L. Pridal: None. P. Madsen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S.
The Hofmann Rearrangement. III. Kinetic Substituent Effects of 4- and 5-Substituted 2-Chloro-N-chlorobenzamides (1971)

Abstract The kinetic measurements of the Hofmann rearrangement of 2,4-, 2,5- 2,6-, and 3,5-disubstituted N-chlorobenzamides were carried out. The rate constants of 4- and 5-substituted 2-chloro-N-chlorobenzamides were applicable to the LArSR relationship: logk⁄k0=−2.21(σ0+0.69Δ\barσR+)+0.003 indicating that the reactivity of the 2-chloro series was subjected to a larger additional conjugation effect than that of the 2-unsubstituted series. The detailed discussion of the reaction mechanism on the basis of these results supported strongly the concerted mechanism.
Dynamic Electropulsing Induced Phase Transformations and Their Effects on Single Point Diamond Turning of AZ91 Alloy (2012)

The effects of dynamic electropulsing on microstructure changes and phase transformations of a rolled Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy were studied by using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, back-scattered scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The decomposition of β phase was accelerated under dynamic electropulsing, compared with the conventional thermal processes. Dynamic electropulsing was less effective in affecting the phase transformations, but more effective in reducing residual stress than the static electropulsing. Dynamic electropulsing improved machinability of single point diamond turning, the mechanism of which is discussed from the point of view of dislocation dynamics.
Pin1 is overexpressed in tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer and facilitates ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of cyclin dependent kinase 10 (2012)

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which downregulation of CDK10 expression confers resistance to tamoxifen in breast cancer. Here, we show that peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase Pin1 downregulates CDK10 protein as a result of its interaction with and ubiquitination of CDK10, thereby affecting CDK10‐dependent Raf‐1 phosphorylation (S338). Pin1 −/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) show higher CDK10 expression than Pin1 +/+ MEFs, whereas CDK10 protein was downregulated in the rescued Pin1 −/− MEFs after reexpression of Pin1. Pin1 silencing in SKBR‐3 and MCF7 cells increased the CDK10 expression. In human tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer and tamoxifen‐resistant MCF7 cells, immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting analysis shows an inverse correlation between the expression of CDK10 and the degree of tamoxifen resistance. There was also a positive correlation between the high level of P‐Raf‐1 (Ser338) and Pin1 in human tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer and tamoxifen‐resistant MCF7 (TAMR‐MCF7) cells. Importantly, 4‐OH tamoxifen (4‐OHT), when used in combination with overexpressed CDK10 or Raf‐1 inhibitor, increased cleaved PARP and DNA fragmentation to inhibit cologenic growth of MCF7 cells and Tamoxifen‐resistant MCF7 cells, respectively. Based on these findings, we suggest that the Pin1‐mediated CDK10 ubiquitination is a major regulator of tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer cell growth and survival.
Origins of periodic and chaotic dynamics in microfluidic loop devices (2012)

Droplets moving in a microfluidic loop device exhibit both periodic and chaotic behaviors based on the inlet droplet spacing. We propose that the periodic behavior is an outcome of a dispersed phase conservation principle. This conservation principle translates into a droplet spacing conservation equation. Additionally, we define a simple technique to identify periodicity in experimental systems with input scatter. Aperiodic behavior is observed in the transition regions between different periodic behaviors. We propose that the cause for aperiodicity is the synchronization of timing between the droplets entering and leaving the system. We derive an analytical expression to estimate the occurrence of these transition regions as a function of system parameters. We provide experimental, simulation and analytical results to validate the proposed theory.
Performance evaluation of connection admission control techniques in ATM networks (2002)

Connection admission control (CAC) is a common traffic management technique used in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks to provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees. We describe the requirements of CAC algorithms, and present an overview of existing CAC models. Then, we introduce a real-time adaptation of the extended Gibbens-Hunt (EGH) CAC method proposed in 1993 and compare its performance against other competing strategies using the Buffet and Duffield (1993) bound as a reference. Our results show that the EGH is a superior CAC technique that guarantees the QoS while offering the highest link utilization possible. The EGH is the CAC algorithm of choice for Nortel Magellan Passport and Concorde ATM switches.
[Binding of a tetrabenazine derivative to the monoamine transporter of the chromaffin granule membrane]. (1981)

[2-3H] dihydrotetrabenazine (2-hydroxy-3-isobutyl-9-10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7 hexahydro-11 bH-benzo [a] quinolizine), a derivative of tetrabenazine obtained by tritiated borohydride reduction, binds to the membrane of purified chromaffin granules. The binding equilibrium has been studied by filtration and by centrifugation of ligand-membrane complexes. Saturable binding sites (190 pmol/mg protein), characterized by a dissociation equilibrium constant KD = 90 nM have been described. The correlation existing between dihydrotetrabenazine site occupancy and noradrenaline uptake inhibition indicates that these sites are located on the monoamine transporter.
A probabilistic approach to collision-free robot path planning (2003)

A method was developed that takes into consideration the size and shape of the obstacles as well as the distance from the robot's current position to the obstacles. The workspace is divided into a finite number of cubes. An obstacle is represented by the set of cubes it occupies. The probability of each cube becoming a dead end is calculated under the assumption that both the starting and destination points are randomly located in the workspace with a known distribution. These probabilities are used to determine an optimal robot path that minimizes some cost associated with the path. Several illustrative examples are presented. The method is intended to be used for 3-D problems and is simple enough to be implemented for online robot path planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Induction of G2/M arrest and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity by curcumin in human bladder cancer T24 cells (2006)

Curcumin, a polyphenol compound derived from Curcuma longa Linn, has been recognized as a promising anti-cancer drug due to its multiple properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. To elucidate the mechanisms by which curcumin inhibits human bladder carcinoma T24 cell proliferation, we tested the effects of curcumin on specific cell cycle pathways and on the expression of cyclooxygenases (COXs). Curcumin inhibited the growth of T24 cells and induced G2/M arrest in a concentration-dependent manner, effects associated with the down-regulation of cyclin A and up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1). However, other G2/M regulatory molecules, such as cyclin A, Cdc2, Cdk2, Wee1 and Cdc25C, were not modulated by curcumin treatment. Furthermore, curcumin decreased the levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression without significant changes in the levels of COX-1, which correlated with a decrease in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. These observations suggest that curcumin may have therapeutic potential for bladder cancer patients.