gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of drawn W wire used as high performance fibre in tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composite (2016)

High strength and creep resistance also at high temperature, combined with a high thermal conductivity and high melting point make tungsten (W) an ideal material for highly loaded areas in future fusion reactors. However, as a typical bcc metal tungsten features an intrinsic brittleness up to very high temperature and is prone to operational embrittlement. Tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composite (Wf/W) utilizes extrinsic toughening mechanisms similar to ceramic fibre-reinforced ceramics and therefore overcomes the brittleness problem. The properties of the composite are to a large extend determined by the properties of the drawn tungsten wire used as reinforcement fibres. W wire exhibits a superior strength and shows ductile behaviour with exceptional local plasticity. Beside the typical mechanisms observed for ceramic composites the ductile deformation of the fibres is therefore an additional very effective toughening mechanism. Tension tests were used to investigate this phenomenon in more detail. Results show that there is a region of enhanced localized plastic deformation. The specific energy consumption in this region was estimated and used to suggest optimisation options for Wf/W composites.
Catalytic Effect of Ni and Fe Addition to Gasifier Bed Material in the Steam Reforming of Producer Gas (2014)

The removal of tars from producer gas in a biomass gasification process is a challenging task, due mainly to the poor reforming activity of bed materials used in gasifiers. In this study, the steam reforming performance of Ni- and Fe-catalyzed gasifier bed materials is evaluated. Experiments are performed with the bimetallic catalysts, with overall metal loading as low as 1.00 wt %, in a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor between 700 and 900 °C. The addition of Fe to Ni results in smaller crystallites of NiO on the calcined catalysts. The reduced bimetallic catalysts show an improvement in the metal surface area and metal dispersion in comparison to the catalyst containing only Ni. The enhancement is possible with intimate contact of Ni and Fe, and it is found to be limited by their relative amounts. The catalyzed bed materials display higher conversion for C7H8 and C2H4 than the base material but lower CH4 conversion. The steam reforming of the producer gas tars show strong dependence on the reaction temperature with the improved tar destruction performance at the higher reaction temperature. The catalytic steam reforming of tars also results in higher H2-to-CO ratio. The higher turnover frequency (TOF) and the lower activation energy for the bimetallic catalysts than those for the Ni-only catalyst confirm the role of Fe in the activity enhancement of Ni catalysts. The spent catalysts characterization reveals that Fe assist in minimizing the sintering of the Ni crystallites during high-temperature calcination and steam reforming reactions.
SDN Use Cases for Service Provider Networks: Part 2 (2017)

The articles in this special section focus on software defined networking (SDN) and presents use cases for service providers. SDN is being heralded as a major breakthrough for provisioning new services, commoditizing network hardware and reducing service provider capital and operational expenditures. Decoupling the control plane from the data plane has its inherent advantages in terms of offering flexibility and presenting new service capabilities, but also presents operational and functional challenges. Such decoupling would create a new set of use cases, and equipment and network best practices that providers would have to imbibe in the near future. The key scope of these articles is to examine how SDN can be implemented in very large networks using commodity gear or white boxes through use cases.
Compensation of PLL Loop Delay in Read Channels for Tape Storage Systems (2009)

This paper studies loop-delay compensation as a means to improve the robustness of timing recovery loops in tape storage systems. The delay compensation scheme is derived under fairly general assumptions and is found to match a known Kalman-filtering-based solution if a random-walk model of frequency-offset evolution is assumed. Extensions of the scheme to achieve delay compensation in multichannel tape-drive systems that employ global timing control are presented. The practical effectiveness of delay compensation is demonstrated using actual readback waveforms captured on commercial tape drives.
Automated spatially scanning ellipsometer for retardation measurements of transparent materials (1993)

A highly sensitive and automated technique has been developed for measuring the birefringence in transparent optical materials. The spatially scanning modulated transmission ellipsometer maps the birefringence of a transparent material by probing it with a polarization-modulated He-Ne laser beam. Computer-controlled voltage biasing of a Pockels cell permits self-calibration and background subtraction of the system retardance. The technique is capable of resolving differential retardances as small as 0.1 nm (λ/6328) through a range of ±λ/2, where λ = 632.8 nm. Samples typically range in size from 50 µm to 10 cm in diameter within the sample plane and as much as 400 mm along the optical axis.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Heteroatom‐Assisted Allylic Alkylation of Cyclic Ethers with Grignard Reagents. A Convenient Route to Enantiomerically Pure Carbocycles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development and application of a light-weight, wind-turbine rotor-based data acquisition system (1998)

Wind-energy researchers at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC), representing Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), are developing a new, light-weight, modular data acquisition unit capable of acquiring long-term, continuous time-series data from small and/or dynamic wind-turbine rotors. The unit utilizes commercial data acquisition hardware, spread-spectrum radio modems, and Global Positioning System receivers, and a custom-built programmable logic device. A prototype of the system is now operational, and initial field deployment is expected this summer. This paper describes the major subsystems comprising the unit, summarizes the current status of the system, and presents the current plans for near-term development of hardware and software.
Golf ball-shaped PLGA microparticles with internal pores fabricated by simple O/W emulsion (2010)

Simple oil-in-water emulsion led to structural complexity at both the surface and interior of the PLGA microsphere. A golf ball-like dimpled surface comes from the heteroaggregation of volatile nonsolvent colloid originating from the inside of the organic droplet as supported by in situ optical microscopy. The internal porous structure and encapsulation of hydrophobic agent inside the microparticle implies its potential application as a drug carrier.
Noninvasive Detection of Stress by Biochemical Profiles from the Skin (2023)

Stress is a leading cause of several disease types, yet it is underdiagnosed as current diagnostic methods are mainly based on self-reporting and interviews that are highly subjective, inaccurate, and unsuitable for monitoring. Although some physiological measurements exist (<i>e.g</i>., heart rate variability and cortisol), there are no reliable biological tests that quantify the amount of stress and monitor it in real time. In this article, we report a novel way to measure stress quickly, noninvasively, and accurately. The overall detection approach is based on measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the skin in response to stress. Sprague Dawley male rats (<i>n</i> = 16) were exposed to underwater trauma. Sixteen naive rats served as a control group (<i>n</i> = 16). VOCs were measured before, during, and after induction of the traumatic event, by gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry determination and quantification, and an artificially intelligent nanoarray for easy, inexpensive, and portable sensing of the VOCs. An elevated plus maze during and after the induction of stress was used to evaluate the stress response of the rats, and machine learning was used for the development and validation of a computational stress model at each time point. A logistic model classifier with stepwise selection yielded a 66-88% accuracy in detecting stress with a single VOC (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid), and an SVM (support vector machine) model showed a 66-72% accuracy in detecting stress with the artificially intelligent nanoarray. The current study highlights the potential of VOCs as a noninvasive, automatic, and real-time stress predictor for mental health.
Effects on dynamic-microscopic OCT signals after manipulation of keratinocyte metabolism in an in-vitro skin model by temperature and with metabolic reagents (2022)

Microscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides three-dimensional, high-resolution imaging but lacks (sub-) cellular contrast. Dynamic-microscopic OCT (dmOCT) is an approach exploiting dynamic changes of the scattering behavior in metabolically active cells. However, the underlying cellular processes responsible for those intensity fluctuations and hence the dynamic signals are not finally identified yet. Here, we present the effects of different temperatures and metabolic reagents on dmOCT images of an in-vitro human skin model. Our data indicates a dependency of the dmOCT signals on metabolic activity rather than Brownian motion and suggests dependency on the metabolic state.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structure of Telomerase with Telomeric DNA. (2018)

Telomerase is an RNA-protein complex (RNP) that extends telomeric DNA at the 3'-ends of chromosomes using its telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and integral template-containing telomerase RNA (TER). Its activity is a critical determinant of human health, affecting aging, cancer, and stem cell renewal. Lack of atomic models of telomerase, particularly one with DNA bound, has limited our mechanistic understanding of telomeric DNA repeat synthesis. We report the 4.8 resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of active Tetrahymena telomerase bound to telomeric DNA. The catalytic core is an intricately interlocked structure of TERT and TER, including a previously structurally uncharacterized TERT domain that interacts with TEN domain to physically enclose TER and regulate activity. This complete structure of a telomerase catalytic core and its interactions with telomeric DNA from the template to telomere-interacting p50-TEB complex provides unanticipated insights into telomerase assembly and catalytic cycle and a new paradigm for a reverse transcriptase RNP.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced caspase-4 activation mediates apoptosis and neurodegeneration in INCL (2006)

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), a neurodegenerative storage disorder of childhood, is caused by mutations in the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) gene. PPT1 cleaves thioester linkages in S-acylated (palmitoylated) proteins and its mutation causes abnormal intracellular accumulation of fatty-acylated proteins and peptides leading to INCL pathogenesis. Although apoptosis is the suggested cause of neurodegeneration in INCL, the molecular mechanism(s) of apoptosis remains unclear. Using the PPT1-knockout (PPT1-KO) mice that mimic INCL, we previously reported that one mechanism of apoptosis involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced caspase-12 activation. However, the human caspase-12 gene contains several mutations, which make it functionally inactive. Thus, it has been suggested that human caspase-4 is the counterpart of murine caspase-12. Here we report that in the human INCL brain ER stress-induced activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) mediates caspase-4 and caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Moreover, we show that the INCL brain contains high level of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), which is known to undergo palmitoylation. We also demonstrate that transfection of cultured INCL cells with a green fluorescent protein-GAP-43 cDNA construct shows abnormal localization of this protein in the ER. Further, INCL cells manifest evidence of ER stress and UPR (elevated levels of Grp-78/Bip and GADD153), caspase-4 as well as caspase-3 activation and cleavage of poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase, a compelling sign of apoptosis. Most importantly, we show that inhibition of caspase-4 activity protects INCL cells from undergoing apoptosis. Our results provide insight into at least one of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in INCL and may allow the identification of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Microanalysis of CaWO4 And ErTaO4 Coatings In Oxide Fiber Reinforced Alumina Matrix Composites (1998)

Abstract Ceramic matrix composites (CMC's) rely on designed weaknesses in order to provide toughening mechanisms during failure. Specifically, the fiber/matrix interface is well established as the parameter having the most influence on CMC fracture behavior, as first noted by Sambell. With proper design, this interface can allow fracture energy to dissipate by two mechanisms: an increase in crack path tortuosity and frictional energy dissipation through fiber pullout. One design approach in the area of oxide-based CMC's which has seen considerable success recendy has been in the use of “weakly bonding” oxide coating materials placed between the fiber and the matrix phases. Such CMC systems rely on the formation of a weak interface between the fiber and the coating itself to promote the desired fracture behavior. The most notable example of such a coating material is monazite, LaPO4, as observed by Morgan et al.
Design and Performance of a 200 kHz All-SiC JFET Current Source Converter (2008)

Silicon carbide (SiC) switching devices have been widely discussed in power electronics due to their desirable properties and are believed to set new standards in efficiency, switching behavior, and power density for state-of-the-art converter systems. In this paper the design, construction, and performance of a 3 kVA All-SiC Current Source Converter (CSC) also known as Current DC-Link Back-to-Back Converter (CLBBC), is presented. CSC topologies have been successfully used for many years for high power applications. However, for low power range converter systems they could not compete with Voltage Source Converter (VSC) topologies with capacitors in the DC-link, since the link inductor has always been a physically large and heavy component due to the comparatively low switching frequencies of conventional high blocking voltage silicon devices. New SiC switches such as the JFET, which are providing simultaneously high voltage blocking, low switching losses, and low on-state resistance, offer new possibilities and allow for implementing a high switching frequency CLBBC and thus reducing size and weight of the DC-link inductor. The prototype CLBBC has been designed specifically for latest generation 1200 V, 6 A SiC JFETs for a target switching frequency of 200 kHz.
Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Heterophasic Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers (1994)

Abstract Kinetics of thermal decomposition of various heterophasic ethylene-propylene copolymers in the temperature range 215-432°C by thermogravimetry (TG) and 150-180°C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), where volatile formation was negligible, was investigated and compared with isotactic polypropylene. Under nitrogen flux the activation energy for decomposition was in the range of 71-89 kcal-mol−1 in TG and 42-64 kcal-mol−1 in DSC. The thermal stability depends on the copolymer composition. The effect of heating rate on DSC thermograms has been studied.
How Fused Cast AZS Take Care of Secure and High Quality Glass Manufacturing (2016)

The authors explain the role of AZS in soda-lime glass to establish the key properties for fused cats AZS fused to secure lifetime and guaranty high glass quality level. It is important to identify that internal structure of AZS soldier block plays a vital role in glass contact properties. This paper discusses the interface properties that control refractory behavior in term glass quality and corrosion resistance. This protective interface layer can be deeply affected by AZS characteristics like glassy phase surface area, viscosity and redox properties. Based on the knowledge that SEFPRO built from long time on AZS corrosion process, manufacturing process control such as chemistry, redox control, internal filling (nondestructive control) of the block, microstructure evaluation and machining procedure were established. This allows one to deliver high quality AZS refractories material that will be guaranty life time and glass quality.
Homogeneity and heterogeneity in amylase production by Bacillus subtilis under different growth conditions (2016)

Expression heterogeneity of secretory proteins in B. subtilis can be suppressed by degU mutation and optimized growth conditions. Further, the out-of-frame translational fusion of a gene for a secreted target protein and gfp represents a versatile tool for real-time monitoring of protein production and opens novel avenues for Bacillus production strain improvement.
Vibration signatures in ball bearings as a function of lubricant viscosity ratio κ, under alternating lubrication conditions (2021)

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Tumor cells may circulate in medullary thyroid cancer patients independently of serum calcitonin (2018)

peer reviewed
Some aspects of the theory of statistical control schemes (1987)

Control schemes (charts) are widely used in industrial quality control as means of monitoring the quality of manufactured products. These schemes provide a set of criteria for testing whether a given sequence of observations corresponds to an “on-target” state of the production process. In the present work, we consider some graphical, computational, and statistical aspects of control charting—criteria of performance, methods of derivation, analysis, design, etc. We introduce the class of “Markov-type” control schemes and discuss some of its properties.
Supplemental Figure 3 from A Systematic Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Changes in the Endocytic Activities of Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3: Relationship between endocytic activity and genetic alteration associated with cancer cell oncogenic transformation&lt;/p&gt;
Association between myocardial extracellular volume and strain analysis through cardiovascular magnetic resonance with histological myocardial fibrosis in patients awaiting heart transplantation (2018)

ECV derived from CMR correlated well with histological CVF, indicating its potential as a non-invasive tool for the quantification of myocardial fibrosis. Additionally, impaired myocardial systolic strains were not associated with the ECV and CVF in the patients awaiting heart transplantation.
Analytical Design Methodology for Generic Doherty Amplifier Architectures Using Three-Port Input/Output Networks (2015)

In this paper, a new Doherty amplifier architecture along with an analytical based design methodology is proposed. The proposed architecture uses novel three-port network as the output matching/combining network (OMCN). The three-port OMCN performs the power combining for any arbitrary output power ratios from the two transistors of the Doherty amplifier. It also performs the impedance matching from any arbitrary complex load impedance to the optimum impedances for both transistors at peak output power. Commonly in Doherty amplifiers, an optimum performance at peak power and a sub-optimum performance at power back-off are often obtained. Using the proposed output network, optimum performance can be reached at power back-off, as well as at peak power. Another three-port network is proposed for input matching/dividing network (IMDN) at the input of the proposed Doherty amplifier. The three-port IMDN is designed to perform the power division with any arbitrary division ratio, adjust the arbitrary phase difference between the input signals to the two transistors, and provide the impedance matching from any arbitrary complex source impedance to the optimal source impedances for the two transistors. To verify the provided theory, two prototype amplifiers are designed and tested. A 12-W amplifier is designed for a 50-Ω source and load impedances at 1 GHz. Another 12-W amplifier is designed at 1 GHz for complex source and load impedances. Both amplifiers have efficiency of higher than 50% at 7-dB output power range.
Consistent Transcription and Translation of Speech (2020)

The conventional paradigm in speech translation starts with a speech recognition step to generate transcripts, followed by a translation step with the automatic transcripts as input. To address various shortcomings of this paradigm, recent work explores end-to-end trainable direct models that translate without transcribing. However, transcripts can be an indispensable output in practical applications, which often display transcripts alongside the translations to users. We make this common requirement explicit and explore the task of jointly transcribing and translating speech. Although high accuracy of transcript and translation are crucial, even highly accurate systems can suffer from inconsistencies between both outputs that degrade the user experience. We introduce a methodology to evaluate consistency and compare several modeling approaches, including the traditional cascaded approach and end-to-end models. We find that direct models are poorly suited to the joint transcription/translation task, but that end-to-end models that feature a coupled inference procedure are able to achieve strong consistency. We further introduce simple techniques for directly optimizing for consistency, and analyze the resulting trade-offs between consistency, transcription accuracy, and translation accuracy. 1
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 through recombination and strong purifying selection (2020)

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the origins of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for deterring future zoonosis, discovering new drugs, and developing a vaccine. We show evidence of strong purifying selection around the receptor binding motif (RBM) in the spike and other genes among bat, pangolin, and human coronaviruses, suggesting similar evolutionary constraints in different host species. We also demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2's entire RBM was introduced through recombination with coronaviruses from pangolins, possibly a critical step in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect humans. Similar purifying selection in different host species, together with frequent recombination among coronaviruses, suggests a common evolutionary mechanism that could lead to new emerging human coronaviruses.