gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Angle of Arrival (AoA) of multiple Echoes in a Steering Vector Space (2021)

Consider a microphone array, such as those present in Amazon Echos, conference phones, or self-driving cars. One of the goals of these arrays is to decode the angles in which acoustic signals arrive at them. This paper considers the problem of estimating K angle of arrivals (AoA), i.e., the direct path's AoA and the AoA of subsequent echoes. Significant progress has been made on this problem, however, solutions remain elusive when the source signal is unknown (such as human voice) and the channel is strongly correlated (such as in multipath settings). Today's algorithms reliably estimate the direct-path-AoA, but the subsequent AoAs diverge in noisy real-world conditions. We design SubAoA, an algorithm that improves on the current body of work. Our core idea models signal in a new AoA sub-space, and employs a cancellation approach that successively cancels each AoA to decode the next. We explain the behavior and complexity of the algorithm from the first principles, simulate the performance across a range of parameters, and present results from real-world experiments. Comparison against multiple existing algorithms like GCC-PHAT, MUSIC, and VoLoc shows increasing gains for the latter AoAs, while our computation complexity allows real-time operation. We believe progress in multi-AoA estimation is a fundamental building block to various acoustic and RF applications, including human or vehicle localization, multi-user separation, and even (blind) channel estimation.
Characterization of varied geometry shape memory alloy beams (2010)

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) have proven to be a lightweight, low cost alternative to conventional actuators for a number of commercial applications. Future applications will require a more complex shape changes and a detailed understanding of the performance of more complex SMA actuators is required. The purpose of this study is to validate engineering models and design practices for SMA beams of various configurations for future applications. Until now, SMA actuators have been fabricated into relatively simple beam shapes. Boeing is now fabricating beams with more complicated geometries in order to determine their strength and shape memory characteristics. These more complicated shapes will allow for lighter and more compact SMA actuators as well as provide more complex shape control. Some of the geometries evaluated include vertical and horizontal I-beams, sine wave and linear wave beams, a truss, and a beam perforated with circular holes along the length. A total of six beams were tested; each was a complex shape made from 57% Nickel by weight with the remainder composed of Titanium (57NiTi). Each sample was put through a number of characterization tests. These include a 3-point bend tests to determine force/displacement properties, and thermal cycling under a range of isobaric loads to determine actuator properties. Experimental results were then compared to modeled results. Test results for one representative beam were used to calibrate a 3-D constitutive model implemented in an finite element framework. It is shown that the calibrated analysis tool is accurate in predicting the response of the other beams. Finally, the actuation work capabilities of the beams are compared using a second round of finite element anaylysis.
Present Status of 920 MHz High-Resolution NMR Spectrometers (2004)

The first 920 MHz high-resolution NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) magnet was successfully installed at the Tsukuba Magnet Laboratory of the National Institute for Materials Science. A persistent operation at 21.6 T has continued since April 2002 without any problems. Excellent field stability of 0.31 Hz/h was observed from December 2002 to January 2003. Since July 2002, the magnet was used as an essential part of the only 920 MHz high-resolution NMR spectrometer in the world. The signal-to-noise ratio of 0.1% ethylbenzene using a proton-selective probe was as high as 2981. An HCN triple-resonance probe is now attached to the spectrometer to contribute to the National Project on Protein Structural and Functional Analysis in Japan. The completion of the second 920 MHz-class NMR spectrometer is scheduled for spring 2004.
Hyperimmune Targeting Staphylococcal Toxins Effectively Protect Against USA 300 MRSA Infection in Mouse Bacteremia and Pneumonia Models (2022)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has been acquiring multiple drug resistance and has evolved into superbugs such as Methicillin/Vancomycin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA/VRSA) and, consequently, is a major cause of nosocomial and community infections associated with high morbidity and mortality for which no FDA-approved vaccines or biotherapeutics are available. Previous efforts targeting the surface-associated antigens have failed in clinical testing. Here, we generated hyperimmune products from sera in rabbits against six major <i>S. aureus</i> toxins targeted by an experimental vaccine (IBT-V02) and demonstrated significant efficacy for an anti-virulence passive immunization strategy. Extensive <i>in vitro</i> binding and neutralizing titers were analyzed against six extracellular toxins from individual animal sera. All IBT-V02 immunized animals elicited the maximum immune response upon the first boost dose against all pore-forming vaccine components, while for superantigen (SAgs) components of the vaccine, second and third doses of a boost were needed to reach a plateau in binding and toxin neutralizing titers. Importantly, both anti-staphylococcus hyperimmune products consisting of full-length IgG (IBT-V02-IgG) purified from the pooled sera and de-speciated F(ab')<sub>2</sub> (IBT-V02-F(ab')2) retained the binding and neutralizing titers against IBT-V02 target toxins. F(ab')<sub>2</sub> also exhibited cross-neutralization titers against three leukotoxins (HlgAB, HlgCB, and LukED) and four SAgs (SEC1, SED, SEK, and SEQ) which were not part of IBT-V02. F(ab')<sub>2</sub> also neutralized toxins in bacterial culture supernatant from major clinical strains of <i>S. aureus</i>. <i>In vivo</i> efficacy data generated in bacteremia and pneumonia models using USA300 <i>S. aureus</i> strain demonstrated dose-dependent protection by F(ab')<sub>2</sub>. These efficacy data confirmed the staphylococcal toxins as viable targets and support the further development effort of hyperimmune products as a potential adjunctive therapy for emergency uses against life-threatening <i>S. aureus</i> infections.
Antibody therapy in renal cell carcinoma (2008)

The treatment of metastasized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still represents a formidable challenge, despite the development of small molecule, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that have made a major impact on the disease. Although the percentage of patients achieving a partial response or stabilization of disease has been impressive, these effects are mostly non-durable. Additionally, drug-related side effects can be quite severe. Alternative treatment modalities might be monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs against RCC-associated antigens have been developed and have shown promise. Additionally, current efforts focus on Bevacizumab that recognizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF overexpression in RCC provides the opportunity to inhibit this proangiogenic pathway. Also with Bevacizumab, promising results have been obtained, particularly in combination with other treatment modalities. It is likely that mAbs, either as single agents or in combination with other agents, may become useful additions to the armamentarium to diagnose and treat RCC.
Disease Burden and the Accumulation of Multimorbidity of Noncommunicable Diseases in a Rural Population in Henan, China: Cross-sectional Study (2023)

Our findings indicate a plausible tendency for the coexistence and accumulation of NCDs in a rural population in Henan, China. Early prevention of multimorbidity is essential to reduce the NCD burden in the rural population.
Comparison of novel physiological load-adaptive control strategies for ventricular assist devices (2016)

Terminal heart failure (HF) is the most prevalent cause of death in the Western world and the implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has become the gold standard therapy today. Most of the actually implanted devices are driven at a constant speed (CS) regardless of the patient's physiological demand. A new physiological controller [power ratio (PR) controller], which keeps a constant ratio between LVAD power and left ventricular power, a previous concept [preload responsive speed (PRS) controller], which adds a variable LVAD power to reach a defined stroke work, and a CS controller were compared with an unimpaired ventricle in a full heart computer simulation model. The effects of changes in preload, afterload and left ventricular contractility are displayed by global hemodynamics and ventricular pressure-volume loops. Both physiological controllers demonstrated the desired load dependency, whereas the PR controller exceeded the PRS controller in response to an increased load and contractility. Response was inferior when preload or contractility was decreased. Thus, the PR controller might lead to an increased exercise tolerance of the patient. Additional studies are required to evaluate the controllers in vivo.
Licensed shared access for wave cellular broadband communications (2014)

Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication, taking place in the frequency bands between 30 and 300 GHz, is widely considered to be a key-enabler of future Fifth Generation (5G) Cellular Communication Systems, which will be deployed starting by the year 2020 and will provide a capacity increase up to a factor of 10,000 compared to existing network infrastructures. Main drivers for this upcoming network vision include new spectrum resources and dense network infrastructures, both building on the additional resources provided by mmWave bands. While unused mmWave spectrum opportunities are still available in some regions, it is a fact that incumbents are already taking substantial portions of the spectrum in certain areas. In the framework of this paper, Licensed Shared Access (LSA) Spectrum Sharing technology is proposed to be used as a key enabler in such cases, i.e. for managing Quality of Service (QoS) guaranteed access for future 5G cellular systems, where incumbents are maintain priority access rights to mmWave spectrum.
Modelling of Primary Recrystallization using Digital Microstructures (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Construction of Digital Microstructure Level Set Framework and Construction of Finite Element Meshes Digital Mechanical Testing Under Large Deformation Digital Heat Treatment Leading to Recrystallization Conclusion References
Eight years after an international workshop on myotonic dystrophy patient registries: case study of a global collaboration for a rare disease (2018)

The original version of this article [1] unfortunately included an error to an author's name. Author Jordi Díaz-Manera was erroneously presented as Jorge Alberto Diaz Manera. The correct author name has been included in the author list of this Correction article.
Supplemental Figure S4 from CD47 in the Tumor Microenvironment Limits Cooperation between Antitumor T-cell Immunity and Radiotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S4. Effect of T cell depletion on B16F10 melanoma responses to IR in WT and CD47-null mice.&lt;/p&gt;
New differentiation pathway for double-negative regulatory T-cells that regulates the magnitude of immune responses (87.9) (2007)

Abstract CD4−CD8− (double-negative, DN) T-cells are capable of down-regulating the immune response. However, the origin and developmental pathway of DN T-cells are still unclear. In this study, we showed that proliferated CD4+ T-cells could convert to DN T-cells after 4–5 rounds of either allogeneic or syngeneic DC triggered proliferation, IL-2 and IL-15 enhanced the conversion. The disappearance of CD4 molecular on converted DN T-cells was a result of CD4 gene silence. Converted DN T-cells were resistant to AICD and expressed unique cell markers and gene profile. Moreover, DN T-cells retained a stable phenotype after re-stimulation. DN T-cells converted from CD4+ T-cells exerted powerful inhibition on same, but not third party, alloantigen triggered proliferation of naïve T cells. Perforin, a cytotoxic lymphocyte related cytokine, was highly expressed by DN T-cells, played a role in DN T-cell mediated suppression. Transferring of DN T-cells alone could prevent allograft rejection and the onset of autoimmune disease in vivo. This previously unknown pathway of differentiating DN regulatory T-cells represents a negative feedback mechanism of immune response. The results of using ex vivo CD4+ T-cells converted DN T-cells in transplantation and autoimmune disease models support the concept and the feasibility of potentially utilizing this novel cell-based therapy.
Hemodynamic Effects of Concomitant Mitral Valve Surgery and Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation (2019)

There are conflicting data regarding whether concomitant mitral valve surgery (MVS) at left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is beneficial. This study aimed to assess the hemodynamic effects of concomitant MVS. Of all 73 enrolled patients, 44 patients had undergone concomitant MVS and 29 patients had not. Before LVAD implantation, MVS group had higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p = 0.04). After LVAD implantation, MVS group had higher mean pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output (CO). During the hemodynamic ramp study, MVS group had steeper CO slopes (0.18 [0.13 0.28] vs. 0.15 [0.08, 0.20] L/min/step; p = 0.04) at incremental LVAD speed and achieved a higher CO at the optimized set speed (5.5 [4.7, 6.9] vs. 4.9 [4.0, 5.7] L/min; p = 0.03). One-year freedom from death or heart failure readmission was statistically comparable between the two groups (61% vs. 80%, p = 0.20). Thus far, after LVAD implantation and concomitant MVS, patients had increased pulmonary hypertension, despite having higher CO and a better response of CO at incremental LVAD speed. The implication of hemodynamic features after concomitant MVS on clinical outcomes warrants further investigation.
Garcinoic Acid Is a Natural and Selective Agonist of Pregnane X Receptor (2019)

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master xenobiotic-sensing transcription factor with a key role in drug metabolism and disposition. Its activity regulates a number of physiological processes in the liver and intestine, and it is now a validated target for human diseases associated with inﬂammation and dysregulation of the immune system. The identification of chemical probes to investigate the therapeutic relevance of the receptor is still highly desired. In fact, currently available PXR ligands are not highly selective and can exhibit toxicity and/or potential oﬀ-target eﬀects. In this study, we have identified the naturally-occurring garcinoic acid as a selective and efficient PXR agonist. The properties of garcinoic acid as a specific PXR agonist was demonstrated using different approaches - screening on a panel of nuclear receptors, physical and thermodynamic evaluation of binding affinity, and co-crystallization study. Cytotoxicity assays, transcriptional and functional experiments were carried out in human liver cells, in mouse liver and gut tissue to prove compound activity and target engagement. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that garcinoic acid efficiently activates PXR and may prove to be an amenable lead toward the development of differentially acting PXR regulating compounds.
High-mobility TFT and enhanced luminescence utilizing nucleation-controlled GeSn growth on transparent substrate for monolithic optoelectronic integration (2016)

Record-high mobility Ge-based TFT (μfe: 423 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs) and significant enhancement of near-infrared (NIR) luminescence (×54 Ge bulk) were demonstrated with single-crystalline GeSn layer on transparent substrate grown by a novel liquid-phase crystallization technique. Our GeSn growth scheme is fully compatible with the conventional CMOS process and can provide high-quality tensile-strained p- and n-type GeSn layers, thus paving the way for monolithic optoelectronic integration available not only for optical communications but also for NIR imaging and biochemical sensing with wide wavelength range.
Organometallic Pyridylnaphthalimide Complexes as Protein Kinase Inhibitors (2011)

A new metal-containing scaffold for the design of protein kinase inhibitors is introduced. Key feature is a 3-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthalimide "pharmacophore chelate ligand" which is designed to form two hydrogen bonds with the hinge region of the ATP-binding site and is at the same time capable of serving as a stable bidentate ligand through C-H-activation at the 4-position of the electron-deficient naphthalene moiety. This C-H-activation leads to a reduced demand for coordinating heteroatoms and thus sets the basis for a very efficient three-step synthesis starting from 1,8-naphthalic anhydride. The versatility of this ligand is demonstrated with the discovery of a ruthenium complex that functions as a nanomolar inhibitor for myosin light-chain kinase (MYLK or MLCK).
Assessing glucose and oxygen diffusion in hydrogels for the rational design of 3D stem cell scaffolds in regenerative medicine (2018)

Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for replicating cellular microenvironments, but attention needs to be given to hydrogels diffusion properties. A large body of literature shows the promise of hydrogels as 3D culture models, cell expansion systems, cell delivery vehicles, and tissue constructs. Surprisingly, literature seems to have overlooked the important effects of nutrient diffusion on the viability of hydrogel-encapsulated cells. In this paper, we present the methods and results of an investigation into glucose and oxygen diffusion into a silated-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Si-HPMC) hydrogel. Using both an implantable glucose sensor and implantable oxygen sensor, we continuously monitored core glucose concentration and oxygen concentration at the centre of hydrogels. We demonstrated that we could tune molecular transport in Si-HPMC hydrogel by changing the polymer concentration. Specifically, the oxygen diffusion coefficient was found to significantly decrease from 3.4 × 10<sup>-10</sup> to 2.4 × 10<sup>-10</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> as the polymer concentration increased from 1% to 4% (w/v). Moreover, it was revealed during in vitro culture of cellularized hydrogels that oxygen depletion occurred before glucose depletion, suggesting oxygen diffusion is the major limiting factor for cell survival. Insight was also gained into the mechanism of action by which oxygen and glucose diffuse. Indeed, a direct correlation was found between the average polymer crosslinking node size and glucose parameters, and this correlation was not observed for oxygen. Overall, these experiments provide useful insights for the analysis of nutrient transport and gas exchange in hydrogels and for the development of future cellular microenvironments based on Si-HPMC or similar polysaccharide hydrogels.
Efficient Identification of Novel Leads by Dynamic Focused Screening: PDK1 Case Study (2009)

A dynamic, focused screening strategy that utilized a limited but diversified set of target-specific compounds was explored as an efficient means for the identification of inhibitors of the protein kinase PDK1. Approximately 21,500 compounds, including a 19,000 molecule kinase-focused compound collection (KFCC), were screened at two concentrations to identify initial leads. The KFCC included several empirically-derived, general kinase libraries and molecules chosen by PDK1-specific virtual screens. As was expected, this initial screen mostly identified potent leads with limited novelty. In order to overcome this limitation, the data from the screen were used to drive several rounds of a customized iterative focused screening (IFS) campaign. A machine-learning technique was used to build a predictive model to identify compounds to be screened in subsequent rounds. Molecules deemed not to be novel were removed from the training set for the next round, which allowed this campaign to progressively walk away from the chemical space covered by the KFCC. This resulted in the identification of PDK1 inhibitors which are uniquely different from publicly known chemotypes after just three rounds of screenings. A retrospective analysis of this IFS approach against an ultra-high throughput screen (uHTS) indicated that while uHTS is still the most prolific paradigm for lead identification, this dynamic, focused screening approach was successful in discovering novel scaffolds for a medicinal chemistry effort. Finally, a theoretical optimization suggested the dynamic, focused screening approaches could provide either a complementary or alternative approach to uHTS for the efficient and rapid lead identification.
Retinex Based Image Enhancement via General Dictionary Convolutional Sparse Coding (2020)

Retinex theory represents the human visual system by showing the relative reflectance of an object under various illumination conditions. A feature of this human visual system is color constancy, and the Retinex theory is designed in consideration of this feature. The Retinex algorithms have been popularly used to effectively decompose the illumination and reflectance of an object. The main aim of this paper is to study image enhancement using convolution sparse coding and sparse representations of the reflectance component in the Retinex model over a learned dictionary. To realize this, we use the convolutional sparse coding model to represent the reflectance component in detail. In addition, we propose that the reflectance component can be reconstructed using a trained general dictionary by using convolutional sparse coding from a large dataset. We use singular value decomposition in limited memory to construct a best reflectance dictionary. This allows the reflectance component to provide improved visual quality over conventional methods, as shown in the experimental results. Consequently, we can reduce the difference in perception between humans and machines through the proposed Retinex-based image enhancement.
Reducing the content of VOCs of softwood kraft lignins for material applications (2012)

Three laccases, functioning in mild acidic, and one in slightly alkaline conditions, were evaluated in order to reduce low-molecular phenolic VOCs of kraft lignins, which could be used in lignin/natural fibers composites. The potential of a sulfhydryl oxidase to catalyze the oxidation of sulfur containing VOCs (thiols) was also tested in combination with the laccase-catalyzed oxidation. In addition, oxidation at alkaline pH at room temperature that may induce polymerization of phenolics in an analogous manner to the laccase-catalyzed reaction was investigated. Enzyme reactivity towards lignin was evaluated as consumption of oxygen in the reaction solution. The effect of treatments on VOC reduction was determined both by sensing (odorimetry) and chemical (TD-GC/MS, SEC) analyses. Laccases, Lcc2, and MaL from Thielavia arenaria and Melanocarpus albomyces, respectively, showed potential in reducing odors. The most promising results were obtained by oxidizing lignin with O2 at alkaline pH. However, the odor threshold values of the main VOC compounds are extremely low, which poses a challenge to VOC reduction.