gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of highly phase pure BSCCO superconductors (2023)

An article and method of manufacture of (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor. The superconductor is manufactured by preparing a first powdered mixture of bismuth oxide, lead oxide, strontium carbonate, calcium carbonate and copper oxide. A second powdered mixture is then prepared of strontium carbonate, calcium carbonate and copper oxide. The mixtures are calcined separately with the two mixtures then combined. The resulting combined mixture is then subjected to a powder in tube deformation and thermal processing to produce a substantially phase pure (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor.
Transgenic expression of human INS gene in Ins1/Ins2 double knockout mice leads to insulin underproduction and diabetes in some male mice (2006)

We have generated transgenic mouse lines expressing exclusively a human INS transgene on an Ins1/Ins2 double knockout (mIKO) background. The transgene expression was driven by either a 4000 bp or a 353 bp promoter. These transgenic lines, designated mIKO:INS4000 and mIKO:INS353, were viable and fertile. Determination of the amounts of insulin transcripts and total pancreatic insulin content revealed relative insulin underproduction in both lines, from birth to adulthood. Total pancreatic insulin stores in mIKO:INS4000 and mIKO:INS353 mice represented only about 50% and 27%, respectively, as compared to wild-type mice. Morphometric analysis of pancreas did not show any compensatory beta-cell hyperplasia. The majority of animals in both lines remained normoglycemic throughout their lives. Nevertheless, glucose tolerance tests revealed glucose intolerance in nearly half of mIKO:INS4000 male mice, likely due to impaired insulin secretion detected in those animals. In addition, a small fraction (2-4%) of male mice in both lines spontaneously developed diabetes with very distinct pathophysiological features. Diabetes was never seen in female animals. The diabetes developed by mIKO:INS353 mice was rapidly lethal, accompanied by a dramatic depletion of pancreatic insulin stores whereas the mIKO:INS4000 diabetic animals could live for several months. This suggests a possible link between the structure of the human INS gene promoter and the type of diabetes developed in these lines.
Fibroblast growth factor 10 is critical for liver growth during embryogenesis and controls hepatoblast survival via β-catenin activation (2007)

Embryonic stellate/myofibroblastic cells promote beta-catenin activation in and survival of hepatoblasts via FGF10-mediated signaling. We suggest a role for stellate/myofibroblastic FGF10 within the liver stem cell niche in supporting the proliferating hepatoblast.
On process noise covariance estimation (2017)

This paper proposes a method for estimating the process noise covariance matrix, using multiple Kalman filters. The basic idea is to employ the difference between the expected prediction error covariance, calculated in the Kalman filters, and the measured prediction error covariance. The required estimate of the process noise covariance is obtained by solving a least squares problem. One simulated example is used to illustrate the main benefits of the proposed method.
Resource allocation for distributed detection in sensor networks (2008)

In this paper we consider the problem of binary hypothesis detection in wireless sensor networks under power constraint. The objective is to solve the resource allocation problem for this distributed detection problem and find a suitable operating point for the network. We consider the Neyman-Pearson (NP) criteria and design suitable transmission schemes and a fusion center (FC) detector, so that subject to transmission power constraints, detection probability is optimized. It is shown that the corresponding optimization problem is convex, optimality conditions are derived, and solutions for transmit powers as well as overall detector are obtained. Numerical simulations verify our results.
In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/InAs 0.3 P 0.7 composite channel high electron mobility transistors (2006)

An In0.53Ga0.47As/InAs0.3P0.7 composite channel high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Room-temperature Hall measurement showed that the device wafer had an electron mobility of 7300 cm2/V s and a sheet electron density of 3×1012 cm−2. The fabricated HEMT devices with a gate length of 0.25 µm exhibited excellent DC and microwave performance with a peak extrinsic transconductance of 888.3 mS/mm, a cutoff frequency (fT) of 115 GHz, and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 137 GHz. This is believed to be the first report of InGaAs/InAsP composite channel HEMTs. The fT is the highest ever reported for any composite channel HEMTs with the same gate length.
Materials analysis and device optimization of CuInSe sub 2 solar cells (1989)

This report presents results and conclusions from the two-year research program on CuInSe{sub 2} thin-film solar cells. The research was carried out in two integrated tasks: materials preparation and analysis, and high-efficiency solar cell fabrication and analysis. CuInSe{sub 2} thin-films were prepared by vacuum evaporation of elemental Cu, In, and Se onto heated substrates. We present systematic studies of the effects of incident flux and substrate temperature on CuInSe{sub 2} film composition and morphology. We prepared mirror smooth CuInSe{sub 2} films using a newly developed aqueous bromine solution as a chemical polishing etch, and we fabricated and analyzed heterojunction photovoltaic devices with (CdZn)S, ITO/ (CdZn)S, ZnO, and ZnO/(CdZn) window layer. We found the dominant recombination mechanism in high-efficiency CuInSe{sub 2} devices to be space-charge recombination in the CuInSe{sub 2}. We fabricated optimized one-square-centimeter CuInSe{sub 2}/(CdZn)S solar cells with efficiencies over 10%. 23 refs., 22 figs., 11 tabs.
The late effects of cranial irradiation in childhood on the hypothalamic–pituitary axis: a radiotherapist’s perspective (2022)

Brain tumours make up nearly one-third of paediatric malignancies. Over time, advancements in oncological treatments like radiotherapy have helped reduce normal-tissue toxicity when treating cancers in the brain. However, clinicians are still facing a trade-off between treatment efficacy and potential side effects. The aim of this review is to address the late effects of cranial irradiation on the neuroendocrine system and to identify factors that make patients more vulnerable to radiation-induced endocrine sequelae. Radiation damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which orchestrates hormone release, can lead to endocrinopathy; up to 48.8% of children who have undergone cranial irradiation develop a hormone deficiency. This may lead to further health complications that can appear up to decades after the last treatment, lowering the patients' quality of life and increasing long-term costs as lifelong hormone replacement therapy may be required. Growth hormone deficiency is the most common sequelae, followed by either thyroid or gonadotropic hormone deficiency. Adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency tends to be the least common. Identified factors that increase the risk of late endocrine deficiency include total radiation dose, age at treatment, and time since last treatment. However, as there are various other factors that may potentiate the damage, a universal solution proven to be most effective in sparing the endocrine tissues is yet to be identified. Until then, accounting for the identified risk factors during treatment planning may in some cases help reduce the development of endocrine sequelae in childhood cancer survivors.
Isotope, pulse-chase, stopped-flow, and rapid quench studies on the kinetic mechanism of bovine dihydropteridine reductase (1984)

The kinetics of the reduction of quinonoid 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6, 7-dimethyldihydropteridine (DMPH2) catalyzed by bovine liver dihydropteridine reductase were examined with NADH, (S)-NADD, (S)-NADT, and [3H]-NADH as substrates. No significant deuterium isotope effect was observed on either Km or Vm, indicating that hydrogen transfer is not a major rate-limiting step of the reaction. Tritium from (S)-NADT is transferred to an exchangeable position of the pteridine product without significant isotopic discrimination. The ratio of tritium released into solvent to NAD+ produced is approximately 1.0 in the steady state as well as in the first enzyme turnover as determined by pulse-chase experiments. Pulse-chase methods also showed that the binary complex E.NADH is fully functional and can be completely converted to products prior to NADH dissociation in the presence of saturating DMPH2. The concentration of DMPH2 giving half-maximal trapping of E.NADH is identical with its Km as determined by steady-state kinetics. Stopped-flow kinetic measurements gave no evidence for a burst of NADH utilization. This was further demonstrated by rapid quench experiments which demonstrated a pre-steady-state rate nearly identical with that of the steady state. The above results are consistent with nonequilibrium ordered binding of substrates and with a rate-limiting isomerization in the ternary complex which precedes hydrogen transfer.
The Genetic Control of Susceptibility to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (2006)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most successful human pathogens, surviv ing in latent foci of infection in one third of humanity, yet causing lung necrosis in sufficient individuals to ensure its transmission. Each stage of the host response to M. tuberculosis is under genetic control, including the initial encounter with mycobacteria by macrophages, epithelial cells and dendritic cells in the lung, induction of the inductive T cell response, and killing by activated macrophages within granulomas. Although environmental factors are important determinants of progression to disease, there is a genetic component underlying susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), the basis of which may vary in different populations. Recent studies using a variety of methods have defined a number of susceptibility alleles for the development of active TB. Many of these influence macrophage responses to mycobacteria. We have studied the influence of loss of function polymorphisms in the human P2X7 gene on the capacity of macrophages to kill M. tuberculosis. Activation of the P2X7 receptor, an ATP-gated Ca2+ channel, leads to the formation of pores, the activation of phospholipase D, and the induction of apoptosis with death of the infecting mycobacteria. Macrophages from subjects who are heterozygote, homozygote or compound heterozygote for these polymorphisms fail to undergo apoptosis and show partial or complete inhibition of mycobacterial killing. One of these non-functioning polymorphisms was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to TB disease, particularly extrapulmonary disease, in two unrelated cohorts of TB patients. Insights into the genetic regulation of susceptibility to human TB may identify novel methods for controlling latent M. tuberculosis and reducing the burden of tuberculosis.
Topology Characterization by MALDI-ToF-MS of Enzymatically Synthesized Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (2006)

Lipase catalyzed copolymerization of the monomers lactide and glycolide by Pseudomonas cepacia employing a molar ratio of 80L/20G has been studied. The copolymers were characterized by MALDI-ToF-MS, DSC, SEC and NMR. MALDI-ToF-MS has successfully been used not only to determine end groups and chemical composition but even the microstructure of the copolymers. We demonstrated that for this lipase catalyzed copolymerization, the main product of the reaction at 100 degrees C was linear homopolymer of lactide while at 130 degrees C the main product was cyclic random copolymer.
ChemInform Abstract: Steroids. Part 328. Brassino Steroids with Androstane and Pregnane Skeleton. (1987)

Abstract The title compounds (VIIb), (Xb) and (XIIIb) are synthesized.
Modularity Induced Gating and Delays in Neuronal Networks (2016)

Neural networks, despite their highly interconnected nature, exhibit distinctly localized and gated activation. Modularity, a distinctive feature of neural networks, has been recently proposed as an important parameter determining the manner by which networks support activity propagation. Here we use an engineered biological model, consisting of engineered rat cortical neurons, to study the role of modular topology in gating the activity between cell populations. We show that pairs of connected modules support conditional propagation (transmitting stronger bursts with higher probability), long delays and propagation asymmetry. Moreover, large modular networks manifest diverse patterns of both local and global activation. Blocking inhibition decreased activity diversity and replaced it with highly consistent transmission patterns. By independently controlling modularity and disinhibition, experimentally and in a model, we pose that modular topology is an important parameter affecting activation localization and is instrumental for population-level gating by disinhibition.
Randomized Query Processing in Robot Path Planning (Extended Abstract) (1995)

) LYDIA E. KAVRAKI JEAN-CLAUDE LATOMBE RAJEEV MOTWANI y PRABHAKAR RAGHAVAN z Abstract The subject of this paper is the analysis of a randomized preprocessing scheme that has been used for query processing in robot path planning. The attractiveness of the scheme stems from its general applicability to virtually any path-planning problem, and its empirically observed success. In this paper we initiate a theoretical basis for explaining this empirical success. Under a simple assumption about the configuration space, we show that it is possible to perform preprocessing following which queries can be answered quickly. En route, we consider related problems on graph connectivity in the evasiveness model, and art-gallery theorems. 1 Introduction Planning obstacle-avoiding motion for a rigid or articulated robot from a given initial configuration to a goal configuration is an important problem in robotics [3, 8]. Typically, the environment is static and the robot must Robotics Lab...
Tunable unidirectional coupling of Bloch surface waves controlled by the magnetic field of light (2018)

International audience
Architectural and Circuit Design Techniques for Power Management of Ultra-Low-Power MCU Systems (2014)

A holistic power saving concept for ultra-low-power microcontroller (MCU) systems involving application requirements, system architecture, and circuit design techniques is presented. The key of this concept is a digitally enhanced low dropout regulator (LDO) supplying the MCU digital core. By making use of known system power information, the LDO digitally adapts its maximum current drive capability up to 2.56 mA while its quiescent current is as low as 650 nA in light load conditions. In this way, the power management overhead is drastically reduced when operating at low clock speeds enabling system energy savings of 31% at 1 MHz. At the same time, a drastic reduction of the LDO output capacitance enables ultra-low-power consumption during sleep and energy efficient wake-up, resulting in system energy savings up to a factor of 4.6.
Template-free synthesis of nanoporous gadolinium phosphonate as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent (2015)

Organic–inorganic hybrid porous gadolinium phosphonate materials are synthesized using benzene-1,3,5-triphosphonic acid as phosphonic acid linker.
Engaging Patients with Late-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Shared Decision Making about Treatment (2021)

Few treatment decision support interventions (DSIs) are available to engage patients diagnosed with late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in treatment shared decision making (SDM). We designed a novel DSI that includes care plan cards and a companion patient preference clarification tool to assist in shared decision making. The cards answer common patient questions about treatment options (chemotherapy, chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, clinical trial participation, and supportive care). The form elicits patient treatment preference. We then conducted interviews with clinicians and patients to obtain feedback on the DSI. We also trained oncology nurse educators to implement the prototype. Finally, we pilot tested the DSI among five patients with NSCLC at the beginning of an office visit scheduled to discuss treatment with an oncologist. Analyses of pilot study baseline and exit survey data showed that DSI use was associated with increased patient awareness of the alternatives' treatment options and benefits/risks. In contrast, patient concern about treatment costs and uncertainty in treatment decision making decreased. All patients expressed a treatment preference. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to assess DSI implementation feasibility and efficacy in clinical care.
OFDM Modulated PNC in V2X Communications: An ICI-Aware Approach Against CFOs and Time-Frequency-Selective Channels (2018)

This paper studies the application of physical-layer network coding (PNC) in vehicle-to-everything communications to accommodate the time-critical nature of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). The idea can theoretically reduce the transmission latency by 50%, thus alleviating the short contact time issues caused by high-speed vehicle motion. Conventional studies of PNC primarily considered static networks. In highly mobile networks like VANETs, the carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) due to high-speed motion will lead to inter-carrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Moreover, the vehicular environment with time–frequency-selective channels further undermines accurate channel estimation for multiple users. It is also worth noting that the CFO that exists in OFDM modulated PNC cannot be completely eliminated through CFO tracking and equalization as in conventional point-to-point transmissions. These critical issues can significantly increase the bit error rate at the receiver. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an ICI-aware approach that jointly achieves accurate channel estimation, signal detection, and channel decoding. We express the channel estimation and detection and decoding as two optimization problems and resolve them with the expectation–maximization algorithm and the belief propagation algorithm, respectively. The proposed approach can efficiently mitigate the negative effect of ICI by exploiting both pilot and data tones in channel estimation, detection, and decoding. Both simulation and experiment are conducted to evaluate the proposed approach, and the results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmark that simply treats ICI as Gaussian noise.
Affinity purification of mycobacterial polymethyl polysaccharides and a study of polysaccharide-lipid interactions by proton NMR (1984)

Mycobacterial polymethyl polysaccharides, which bind long-chain fatty acids tightly [Ballou, C.E. (1981) Pure Appl. Chem. 53, 107-112], have been purified on a preparative scale by use of an affinity column packing consisting of (palmitoylamino)alkylsilyl silicate. The relatively large amount of material obtained in this way has allowed a study of the polysaccharide-lipid interactions at millimolar concentrations. The anomeric protons for all of the alpha 1----4-linked hexose units in the mycobacterial methylglucose polysaccharide occur in an envelope centered at delta 5.40, and, on titration with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, the majority of these resonances move upfield to about delta 5.15. This shift is consistent with a change in the polysaccharide from a less ordered chain to one that has a significant proportion of helical conformation, and it is probable that the alkyl chain is included in the coiled portion of the polysaccharide in a manner analogous to the interaction of methylmannose polysaccharide with palmitic acid [Yabusaki, K. K., Cohen, R. E., & Ballou, C. E. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 7282-7286]. The native methylglucose lipopolysaccharide, which contains several short-chain acyl groups as well as an esterified octanoyl group, has an anomeric proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum similar to that of the methylglucose polysaccharide-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide complex. This suggests that the acylation stabilizes the polysaccharide chain in the same conformation it assumes when complexed to a long-chain lipid. Thus, acylation of the methylglucose polysaccharide could have an important role in regulating its shape and lipid-binding properties.
T-Cell Responsiveness towards Various Synthetic Peptides of the P28 Antigen in Rat and Mouse Models during <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection (1990)

It has recently been demonstrated that the Schistosoma mansoni P28 antigen can induce a strong protective immunity after direct immunization in various experimental models. T lymphocytes from Fischer rats immunized with the recombinant P28 antigen were cultured in vitro in the presence of seven synthetic peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of the P28. The most significant and reproducible proliferation was obtained with the 24-43 and 115-131 synthetic peptides. In order to analyze whether these located determinants were also exposed to the host's immune system during the natural S. mansoni infection or after immunization with crude antigenic extracts of various development stages of the parasite, the T-cell responsiveness of infected or immunized Fischer rats and BALB/c mice was tested towards these synthetic peptides. The results showed that, in both permissive (mouse) and non-permissive (rat) hosts, 24-43 and 115-131 synthetic peptides are recognized during the course of infection and that there is a dynamic variation of this recognition. These peptides are also recognized by T cells educated against crude antigenic extracts of different developmental stages of the parasite which contained the native form of the P28 molecule. Taken together, the results indicated that these synthetic peptides derived from the recombinant P28 antigen can activate T lymphocytes educated against the native P28 molecule during the development and maturation of the parasite in their hosts. Therefore, they might be useful for the construction of synthetic vaccines against schistosomiasis.
Identification of Novel α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Agonists Based on an Isoxazole Ether Scaffold that Demonstrate Antidepressant-like Activity (2011)

There is considerable evidence to support the hypothesis that the blockade of nAChR is responsible for the antidepressant action of nicotinic ligands. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, mecamylamine, has been shown to be an effective add-on in patients that do not respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This suggests that nAChR ligands may address an unmet clinical need by providing relief from depressive symptoms in refractory patients. In this study, a new series of nAChR ligands based on an isoxazole-ether scaffold have been designed and synthesized for binding and functional assays. Preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) efforts identified a lead compound 43, which possesses potent antidepressant-like activity (1 mg/kg, IP; 5 mg/kg, PO) in the classical mouse forced swim test. Early stage absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME-Tox) studies also suggested favorable drug-like properties, and broad screening toward other common neurotransmitter receptors indicated that compound 43 is highly selective for nAChRs over the other 45 neurotransmitter receptors and transporters tested.
Angular displacement measurement system for use in damped torsion pendulums (1984)

A simple electro-optical system has been developed for measuring successive angular displacement cycles of a damped torsion pendulum. The system permits convenient, reproducible measurements of the air/liquid interfacial viscosity of aqueous surfactant systems.