gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orientation-induced crystallization in isotactic polypropylene melt by shear deformation (2002)

Development of orientation-induced precursor structures (nuclei) prior to crystallization in isotactic polypropylene melt under shear flow was studied by in-situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheo-optical techniques. SAXS patterns at 165°C immediately after shear (rate = 60 s−1, ts = 5 s) showed emergence of equatorial streaks due to oriented structures (microfibrils or shish) parallel to the flow direction and of meridional maxima due to growth of the oriented layer-like structures (kebabs) perpendicular to the flow. SAXS patterns at later times (t = 60 min after shear) indicated that the induced oriented structures were stable above the nominal melting point of iPP. DSC thermograms of sheared iPP samples confirmed the presence of two populations of crystalline fractions; one at 164°C (corresponding to the normal melting point) and the other at 179°C (corresponding to melting of oriented crystalline structures). Time-resolved optical micrography of sheared iPP melt (rate = 10 s−1, ts = 60 s, T = 148°C) provided further information on orientation-induced morphology at the microscopic scale. The optical micrographs showed growth of highly elongated micron size fibril structures (threads) immediately after shear and additional spherulities nucleated on the fibrils at the later stages. Results from SAXS and rheo-optical studies suggest that a stable scaffold (network) of nuclei, consisting of shear-induced microfibrillar structures along the flow direction superimposed by layered structures perpendicular to the flow direction, form in polymer melt prior to the occurance of primary crystallization. The scaffold dictates the final morphological features in polymer.
Perhexiline Treatment Improves Toxic Effects of β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation in Experimental Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (2021)

Treatment of PPCM patients with β-AR agonists should be avoided whenever possible. In cases with CS complicating PPCM, when treatment with β-AR agonists cannot be prevented, co-medication with perhexiline might help to reduce the cardiotoxic side effects of β-AR stimulation. Clinical data are necessary to further validate this therapeutic approach.
A novel variable speed cage induction generator (2008)

This paper presents a novel technique to generate power at constant frequency using a 3-phase cage induction motor, operated under variable speed conditions and without an intermediate inverter stage. The technique uses any one of the three stator windings of the motor as the excitation winding, and the remaining two windings, connected in series, as the power winding. The proposed two series-connected and one isolated (TSCAOI) winding configuration cancels out the mutual coupling between the excitation winding and the two windings connected in series, making them magnetically decoupled for independent control. Power is generated through the series connected two windings with appropriate excitation to the single winding at desired frequency when the rotor is driven either by a wind or hydro-turbine at variable speed. Either a simple single-phase squarewave inverter or a reversible rectifier can be used to excite the single winding at the desired frequency of generation. Simulations are presented to prove the validity of the proposed technique, which is simple and requires no output filtering for grid-integration as harmonics from excitation inverter are filtered-out by the generator itself.
159 Adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells that target neoantigen persist and regress melanomas to a greater extent than those that target self/tumor-antigen (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> In patients treated with immunotherapy, mechanisms underlying why some respond to or fail treatment are not fully understood. Higher tumor mutational burden is often correlated with better responses, because the immune system reacts more strongly against mutated antigens (versus self antigens) due to a higher affinity interaction with the T cell receptor. In adoptive T cell transfer therapy (ACT), engraftment and persistence of the T cells are critical to prolonged antitumor responses. It remains unclear whether the affinity of the interaction between tumor antigen and TCR alone impacts the engraftment and persistence of tumor-specific T cells post ACT. <h3>Methods</h3> To simulate this clinical scenario in mice, we used two different melanoma models: 1) B16F10 expressing a low affinity peptide (mgp100 = i.e. tumor/self-antigen), or 2) B16F10 expressing a higher affinity peptide (hgp100), which represents a neoantigen-expressing tumor.<sup>1</sup> Pmel-1 CD8+ T cells expressing a TCR that recognizes gp100 were adoptively transferred into mice bearing B16F10 melanoma. <h3>Results</h3> We posited that the function and persistence of adoptively transferred pmel-1 T cells would be increased in mice with neoantigen- compared to self- antigen expressing tumors. Indeed, we found that pmel-1 were less exhausted as well as engrafted and persisted far better in mice bearing tumors expressing neoantigens. Moreover, these large subcutaneous hot tumors shrank post ACT treatment and the animals survived long-term. Beneficial outcome was correlated with the appearance of vitiligo. Importantly, these cured mice were protected when rechallenged with a secondary tumor even after an intravenous rechallenge, implicating this ACT treatment mediates durable memory responses. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Herein, we underscore how tumor antigen affinity can drastically change T cell fate. Future work will concentrate in exploring in depth the correlation of less differentiated cytotoxic T cells treating neo/self-antigen expressing melanomas mimicking a clinical setting. <h3>Reference</h3> Hanada K, Yu Z, Chappell GR, Park AS, Restifo NP. An effective mouse model for adoptive cancer immunotherapy targeting neoantigens. <i>JCI Insight</i> 2019;4(10).
Linear locally repairable codes with availability (2015)

In this work, we present a new upper bound on the minimum distance d of linear locally repairable codes (LRCs) with information locality and availability. The bound takes into account the code length n, dimension k, locality r, availability t, and field size q. We use tensor product codes to construct several families of LRCs with information locality, and then we extend the construction to design LRCs with information locality and availability. Some of these codes are shown to be optimal with respect to their minimum distance, achieving the new bound. Finally, we study the all-symbol locality and availability properties of several classes of one-step majority-logic decodable codes, including cyclic simplex codes, cyclic difference-set codes, and 4-cycle free regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We also investigate their optimality using the new bound.
ChemInform Abstract: (1,4‐Diazabutadiene)nickel(0) Complex (2,6‐iPr2C6H3N=CHCH=NC6H3‐2,6‐ iPr2)Ni(CO)2. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor-induced sensitivity to apoptosis in T cells from patients with renal cell carcinoma: role of nuclear factor-kappaB suppression. (2001)

Antitumor immunity fails to adequately develop in many cancer patients, including those with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A number of different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the immune dysfunction observed in cancer patient T cells. Here we show that T cells from RCC patients display increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) display the most profound sensitivity, because 10-15% of those cells are apoptotic when assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated nick end labeling in situ, and the number of apoptotic TILs further increases after 24 h of culture. Peripheral blood T cells from RCC patients are not directly apoptotic, although T lymphocytes derived from 40% of those individuals undergo activation-induced cell death (AICD) upon in vitro stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. This is in contrast to T cells from normal individuals, which are resistant to AICD. TILs and peripheral blood T cells from RCC patients also exhibit impaired activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Additional findings presented here indicate that the heightened sensitivity of patient T cells to apoptosis may be tumor induced, because supernatants from RCC explants sensitize, and in some instances directly induce, normal T cells to apoptosis. These same supernatants also inhibit NF-kappaB activation. RCC-derived gangliosides may represent one soluble tumor product capable of sensitizing T cells to apoptosis. Pretreatment with neuraminidase, but not proteinase K, abrogated the suppressive effects of tumor supernatants on both NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis. Additionally, gangliosides isolated from tumor supernatants not only inhibited NF-kappaB activation but also sensitized T cells to AICD. These findings demonstrate that tumor-derived soluble products, including gangliosides, may contribute to the immune dysfunction of T cells by altering their sensitivity to apoptosis.
Gunn effect bibliography supplement (1969)

This list of references has been prepared as a supplement to our "Gunn Effect Bibliography," which appeared in this Transactions, vol. ED-15, pp. 777-788, October 1968. These references represent 1968 articles that have been published since the original bibliography was submitted, as well as additional earlier articles.
Follicular Delivery of Caffeine from a Shampoo for Hair Retention (2023)

A key factor in the prevention of hair loss is the provision of optimal conditions on the scalp. In this regard, reduction of oxidative stress on the scalp is one critical requirement to support the hair follicles to function optimally. Recently, a novel shampoo formulation technology containing anti-oxidants such as piroctone olamine has been demonstrated to improve hair retention based on micellar degradation and coacervation effects. Caffeine has also been shown to exhibit anti-oxidant activity including the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. As with piroctone olamine, it is expected that follicular delivery of caffeine will enhance its anti-oxidant activity in a region that will be beneficial for hair retention. In this study, two shampoo formulations as well as a control formulation were applied to the calf area of n = 9 male participants. The technique of differential tape stripping was applied to obtain the caffeine penetrated to the stratum corneum and to the hair follicles. Isotope-dilution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to demonstrate caffeine follicular delivery from the shampoo formulas. The results showed that the percentage of caffeine recovered in the hair follicles was 8–9% of the caffeine absorbed into the skin and matched an existing caffeine-based shampoo. In conclusion, a novel shampoo formulation technology has been developed that effectively delivers beneficial anti-oxidants to improve hair retention. This new shampoo is expected to be especially useful in the goal of retaining hair during aging.
Observation of the Ettingshausen effect in quantum Hall systems (2005)

Evidence of the Ettingshausen effect in the breakdown regime of the integer quantum Hall effect has been observed in a $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ two-dimensional electron system. Resistance of micro Hall bars attached to both edges of a current channel shows remarkable asymmetric behaviors that indicate an electron temperature difference between the edges. The sign of the difference depends on the direction of the electric current and the polarity of the magnetic field. The results are consistent with the recent theory of Akera.
A Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction Approach to Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Tomography (2017)

Tunable diode laser absorption tomography (TDLAT) has emerged as a popular nonintrusive technique for simultaneous sensing of gas concentration and temperature. However, TDLAT imaging of concentration and temperature is an ill-posed, nonlinear inverse problem. Major challenges of TDLAT imaging include a highly nonlinear forward model, few projection measurements, and limited training data. We propose a novel model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) framework for TDLAT imaging. To do this, we formulate a nonlinear forward model for TDLAT that incorporates the physics of light absorbance through gaseous media, and we couple it with a non-Gaussian prior model based on a Gaussian mixture distribution that can be trained using a sparse training set. We show that the resulting MAP estimation problem can be solved using majorization minimization together with a novel multigrid optimization algorithm that solves the resulting optimization problem using an orthogonal basis set. Reconstructions using simulated TDLAT datasets show that our TDLAT-MBIR method can reduce reconstruction error while also resulting in a very computationally efficient algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Behavior of FeS2 Cathodes for Aluminum Secondary Cells Around 100 °C. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Digital implementation issues of electronic line shafting (2009)

Electronic line shafting is a control methodology for reproducing the desirable inter-shaft dynamics of a physical line shaft while adding some features that cannot be achieved with a physical line shaft. There are important challenges that must be addressed before ELS can be implemented. In paper manufacturing and converting, drives sharing a common back plane can be easily clocked together so that the sampling for each drive is synchronized. However, it is difficult and expensive to synchronize every drive in every section. Asynchronous sampling between drives will cause perceived distortion which negatively affects the degree of motion and tension control available. Relative state motion control requires high position information resolution to be able to accurately measure and correct for small differences in motion between shafts. In addressing these issues, ELS can be implemented correctly to achieve much more precise tension and speed control in paper machines.
Synthesis and antimalarial activity of heteroatom-containing bicyclic endoperoxides (1997)

Mechanism-based design and short syntheses involving novel Tebbe methylenations of a-heteroatom-substituted ketones led to preparation of heteroatom-containing bicyclic endoperoxides 4-6. The crucial final photo-oxygenative cyclization step succeeded only when the intermediate 1,6-dienes carried anisyl but not phenyl substituents. Distinguishing between endoperoxide and cyclobutane cyclization products was achieved reliably by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Antimalarial testing of endoperoxides 4-6 in vitro showed them to have only weak activities (IC50 = 500-1100nM). Ferrous bromide-induced reductions of sulfonamide endoperoxides 4, although forming the expected hydroxylated ether and ring-contracted products 7 and 8, caused virtually no rearrangement of hexamethyl Dewar benzene; therefore, the intermediacy of any oxidatively damaging hich-valent iron-oxo intermediate appears unlikely.
Band offsets at amorphous hydrogenated boron nitride/high-k oxide interfaces from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with charging effects analysis (2020)

To facilitate the design of heterostructure devices employing hexagonal (sp2) boron nitride, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the valence band offsets (VBOs) at interfaces between amorphous hydrogenated sp2 boron nitride (a-BN:H) and atomic-layer-deposited high-dielectric-constant (high-k) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hafnium oxide (HfO2). After consideration of the effects of charging and differential charging, including with dual-beam charge compensation, the VBOs for Al2O3/a-BN:H and HfO2/a-BN:H interfaces were determined to be 1.9 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 eV, respectively. Additionally, the conduction band offsets at the Al2O3/a-BN:H and HfO2/a-BN:H interfaces were determined, based on literature-reported bandgaps for the respective materials, to be –1.0 ± 0.3 and –1.1 ± 0.3 eV, respectively, indicating type II band alignment in both cases.
Monodisperse Poly(triacetylene) Rods: Synthesis of a 11.9 nm Long Molecular Wire and Direct Determination of the Effective Conjugation Length by UV/Vis and Raman Spectroscopies (1999)

With 16 C−C double and 32 C−C triple bonds and a length of 11.9 nm, the hexadecameric poly(triacetylene) (PTA) of type 1 is currently the longest linear fully π-conjugated molecular wire that does not contain aromatic repeat units. A series of PTA oligomers 1 extending from monomer to hexadecamer was prepared by a rapid and efficient statistical deprotection–oligomerization sequence; the effective conjugation length at which saturation of molecular properties occurs was determined as n=10 (n=number of monomeric units) by both UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopies.
ChemInform Abstract: Resonance Raman Intensity Analysis of the Photochemical Hydrogen Migration in 1,3,5‐Cycloheptatriene. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and implementation of software radios using a general purpose processor (1999)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Imaging Indoor Tracer-Gas Concentrations with Computed Tomography: Experimental Results with a Remote Sensing FTIR System (1994)

This work demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) reconstructions of pollutant concentrations in a real room setting. A remote sensing Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was mounted on a moving base in a controlled ventilation chamber. A passive tracer was released from a point source into the room under constant ventilation conditions. A series of experiments gathered multiple path-averaged measurements in a two-dimensional plane for CT reconstruction. Simultaneous readings were gathered with a multiple-point sampling array for later comparison to the CT reconstructed concentrations. Good qualitative agreement between the reconstruction and point sample data was obtained. Limitations encountered due to the temporal resolution, size, and geometry of the experimental apparatus are clearly surmountable with better instrumentation.
Growth hormone modulates hypothalamic inflammation in long‐lived pituitary dwarf mice (2015)

Mice in which the genes for growth hormone (GH) or GH receptor (GHR(-/-) ) are disrupted from conception are dwarfs, possess low levels of IGF-1 and insulin, have low rates of cancer and diabetes, and are extremely long-lived. Median longevity is also increased in mice with deletion of hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), which leads to isolated GH deficiency. The remarkable extension of longevity in hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice can be reversed by a 6-week course of GH injections started at the age of 2 weeks. Here, we demonstrate that mutations that interfere with GH production or response, in the Snell dwarf, Ames dwarf, or GHR(-/-) mice lead to reduced formation of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) projections to the main hypothalamic projection areas: the arcuate nucleus (ARH), paraventricular nucleus (PVH), and dorsomedial nucleus (DMH). These mutations also reduce hypothalamic inflammation in 18-month-old mice. GH injections, between 2 and 8 weeks of age, reversed both effects in Ames dwarf mice. Disruption of GHR specifically in liver (LiGHRKO), a mutation that reduces circulating IGF-1 but does not lead to lifespan extension, had no effect on hypothalamic projections or inflammation, suggesting an effect of GH, rather than peripheral IGF-1, on hypothalamic development. Hypothalamic leptin signaling, as monitored by induction of pStat3, is not impaired by GHR deficiency. Together, these results suggest that early-life disruption of GH signaling produces long-term hypothalamic changes that may contribute to the longevity of GH-deficient and GH-resistant mice.
Development and characterization of a cytokine-secreting pancreatic adenocarcinoma vaccine from primary tumors for use in clinical trials. (1998)

Preclinical studies with murine tumor models have demonstrated that tumor cell vaccines engineered to secrete certain cytokines in a paracrine fashion elicit systemic immune responses capable of eliminating small amounts of established tumor. In particular, tumors that express the cytokine GM-CSF produce potent systemic antitumor immune responses against poorly immunogenic murine tumors. These results have encouraged the development of paracrine-cytokine secreting tumor vaccines for gene therapy of human cancer. GM-CSF recruits professional antigen-presenting cells, which in turn activate effector T cells. These findings suggest that allogeneic as well as autologous tumor cells can be used as the tumor source for developing cancer vaccines. A major obstacle to creating genetically modified human allogeneic tumor vaccines is the absence of stable cell lines required for efficient gene transfer, because most human tumors isolated from primary surgical specimens fail to proliferate in long-term culture. We have developed a method for the routine generation of in vitro cell lines from primary tumors of the pancreas. This method overcomes the common problem of stromal and fibroblast overgrowth that can inhibit the in vitro expansion of many histologic types of tumors. In addition, we have analyzed 12 of these cell lines for cytokeritin and mutated K-ras expression to demonstrate that they derive from the original epithelial tumor tissue. The lines can be genetically modified to stably express the cytokine GM-CSF. These methods should be helpful to investigators attempting to establish cell lines from other histologic tumor types for the development of allogeneic genetically modified tumor vaccines.
Gut–kidney crosstalk in septic acute kidney injury (2018)

Sepsis is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Septic AKI is a complex and multifactorial process that is incompletely understood. During sepsis, the disruption of the mucus membrane barrier, a shift in intestinal microbial flora, and microbial translocation may lead to systemic inflammation, which further alters host immune and metabolic homeostasis. This altered homeostasis may promote and potentiate the development of AKI. As part of this vicious cycle, when AKI develops, the clearance of inflammatory mediators and metabolic products is decreased. This will lead to further gut injury and breakdown in mucous membrane barriers. Thus, changes in the gut during sepsis can initiate and propagate septic AKI. This deleterious gut-kidney crosstalk may be a potential target for therapeutic maneuvers. This review analyses the underlying mechanisms in gut-kidney crosstalk in septic AKI.