gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nanoscale Optical Biosensor:  Real-Time Immunoassay in Physiological Buffer Enabled by Improved Nanoparticle Adhesion (2003)

The shift in the extinction maximum, λmax, of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum of triangular Ag nanoparticles (∼90 nm wide and 50 nm high) is used to probe the interaction between a surface-confined antigen, biotin (B), and a solution-phase antibody, anti-biotin (AB). Exposure of biotin-functionalized Ag nanotriangles to 7 × 10-7 M < [AB] < 7 × 10-6 M caused a ∼38 nm red-shift in the LSPR λmax. The experimental normalized response of the LSPR λmax shift, (ΔR/ΔRmax), versus [AB] was measured over the concentration range 7 × 10-10 M < [AB] < 7 × 10-6 M. Comparison of the experimental data with the theoretical normalized response for a 1:1 binding model yielded values for the saturation response, ΔRmax = 38.0 nm, the surface-confined thermodynamic binding constant, Ka,surf = 4.5 × 107 M-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) < 7 × 10-10 M. The experimental saturation response was interpreted in terms of a closest-packed structural model for the surface B−AB complex in which the long axis of AB, lAB = 15 nm, is oriented horizontally and the short axis, hAB = 4 nm is oriented vertically to the nanoparticle surface. This model yields a quantitative response for the saturation response, ΔRmax = 40.6 nm, in good agreement with experiment, ΔRmax = 38.0 nm. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) study supports this interpretation. In addition, major improvements in the LSPR nanobiosensor are reported. The LSPR nanobiosensor substrate was changed from glass to mica, and a surfactant, Triton X-100, was used in the nanosphere lithography fabrication procedure. These changes increased the adhesion of the Ag nanotriangles by a factor of 9 as determined by AFM normal force studies. The improved adhesion of Ag nanotriangles now enables the study of the B−AB immunoassay in a physiologically relevant fluid environment as well as in real-time. These results represent important new steps in the development of the LSPR nanosensor for applications in medical diagnostics, biomedical research, and environmental science.
Pressure and flow control of a pulverized coal injection vessel (2002)

Deals with model-based pressure and flow control of a fine coal injection vessel for the use of the blast furnace injection process. By means of system modeling and identification, the structure and behavior of the coal injection vessel are analyzed. It is shown that by use of model-based design, the control goals can be reached and the control performance can be significantly improved compared to the conventional PI-controllers. Several dynamic models of the plant are developed. A number of control strategies are presented and compared by means of practical tests. The LQG design method is used to design the controllers. All the controllers are validated through experiments on the coal injection plant at SSAB Tunnplat in Lulea, Sweden.
Impact of Phytolacca americana Extracts on Gene Expression of Colon Cancer Cells (2013)

Native Americans have used Phytolacca americana to treat breast ailments, gastrointestinal disorders, rashes, and inflammation. Some anti-cancer and anti-viral research has been reported on this perennial herb, but none has been published concerning the effects of its extracts on cancer cell genes. In this study, changes in gene expression at the transcription level were evaluated in HCT-116 colon cancer cells after exposure to P. americana ethanol extract and its water fraction using the Human Cancer Pathway Finder PCR Array. Of the genes significantly affected in HCT-116 cells exposed to the ethanol extract at 3200 µg/ml, changes in expression of MYC, PLAU, and TEK may benefit the treatment of colon cancer. Exposing the cells to 1600 µg/ml of the water fraction resulted in several gene changes that may also be beneficial in the treatment of colon cancer: NME4, TEK, and THBS1. A few genes on this array that are known to play a specific role in colon cancer had activities changed in a way that may be detrimental in the treatment of colon cancer. Further studies should be performed to understand how these changes would impact colon cancer treatment.
Modeling and experiments of waveform effects on oxide charging in plasma immersion ion implantation [MOS ICs] (1997)

An analytical model of the time-dependent currents of a plasma allows the determination of the physical mechanisms and dependencies of charging damage in Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII). From the model, we determine that the plasma requires several ms to equilibrate after the application of an implantation voltage pulse. Although the individual pulses only change the surface potential by a fraction of a volt, the long equilibration time means that the pulse repetition rate perturbs the time-averaged surface potential. A physical relation describing the dependence of the time-averaged surface potential on plasma and voltage bias parameters predicts that a shorter pulse width, lower electron temperature, and rectangular pulse shape maximizes the allowable implantation rate and minimizes the charging damage. For a given pulse shape and plasma condition, a maximum pulse repetition rate exists. Beyond this threshold frequency, the oxide fails because the oxide field exceeds its breakdown value. Experimental results corroborate the simulation's predictions, showing the dependence of the pulsing repetition rate on charging damage.
Microstructural evolution of high purity alumina ceramics prepared by a templated grain growth method (2016)

Textured α-alumina ceramics were prepared by mixing different ratios of three-sized plate-like α-alumina particles and fine equiaxed particles without the use of sintering aids. The plate-like particles have developed a-b planes and were incorporated as an aligned template. Mixed powders were formed into a green sheet using a doctor blade technique and sintered under various conditions (temperature, duration and atmosphere). The development of microstructure and texture in the sintered bodies was examined and correlated with the preparation conditions. The addition of plate-like particles to the fine equiaxed powder suppressed densification and grain growth during sintering. The plate-like particles tend to grow with a lower aspect ratio at high temperatures, especially under vacuum sintering conditions. The addition of 30% plate-like particles produced sintered bodies with the highest uniaxial 〈001〉 orientation, but with residual porosity. The addition of 5% plate-like particles resulted in sintered bodies with almost full density but texture development was inferior to that of 30%. The vacuum-sintered specimens with larger amounts of platelets exhibited pseudo-isotropic grain growth and high-to-medium uniaxial 〈001〉 orientation, which suggests that anisotropic grain growth is not essential to achieve a high degree of orientation.
Preparation of Sterically Demanding 2,2-Disubstituted-2-Hydroxy Acids by Enzymatic Hydrolysis (2019)

Preparation of optically-pure derivatives of 2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylacetic acid of general structure 2 was accomplished by enzymatic hydrolysis of the correspondent esters. A screening with commercial hydrolases using the methyl ester of 2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylacetic acid (1a) showed that crude pig liver esterase (PLE) was the only preparation with catalytic activity. Low enantioselectivity was observed with substrates 1a–d, whereas PLE-catalysed hydrolysis of 1e proceeded with good enantioselectivity (E = 28), after optimization. Enhancement of the enantioselectivity was obtained by chemical re-esterification of enantiomerically enriched 2e, followed by sequential enzymatic hydrolysis with PLE. The preparation of optically-pure (S)-2e was validated on multi-milligram scale.
Stabilization of Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with a 2D Dion–Jacobson Passivating Layer (2023)

Inorganic metal halide perovskites such as CsPbI<sub>3</sub> are promising for high-performance, reproducible, and robust solar cells. However, inorganic perovskites are sensitive to humidity, which causes the transformation from the black phase to the yellow δ, non-perovskite phase. Such phase instability has been a significant challenge to long-term operational stability. Here, a surface dimensionality reduction strategy is reported, using 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine cation to construct a Dion-Jacobson 2D phase that covers the surface of the 3D inorganic perovskite structure. The Dion-Jacobson layer mainly grows at the grain boundaries of the perovskite, effectively passivating surface defects and providing favourable interfacial charge transfer. The resulting inorganic perovskite films exhibit excellent humidity resistance when submerged in an aqueous solution (isopropanol:water = 4:1 v/v) and exposed to a 50% humidity air atmosphere. The Dion-Jacobson 2D/3D inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.5% with a V<sub>oc</sub> of 1.197 eV. It retains 83% of its initial PCE after 1260 h of maximum power point tracking under 1.2 sun illumination. The work demonstrates an effective way for stabilizing efficient inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Conversion of Danger Signals into Cytokine Signals By Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells for Regulation of Stress-Induced Hematopoiesis (2014)

Abstract Mammals respond to infection by rapid production of innate immune cells. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have the ability to respond to pathogens directly through toll-like receptors. However, how the pathogen sensing ability of HSPCs may contribute to immune cell output remains unknown. Using a novel single-cell proteomic platform and mouse genetic models, we have shown that in response to toll-like receptor stimulation, short-term HSCs and multipotent progenitor cells produce copious amounts of diverse cytokines through NF-κB signaling. Interestingly, the cytokine production ability of HSPCs trumps mature immune cells in both magnitude and breadth. Among cytokines produced by HSPCs, IL-6 is a particularly important regulator of myeloid differentiation and HSPC proliferation. This is especially important in mediating rapid early myeloid cell recovery during neutropenia after chemotherapy or HSC transplant. This study has uncovered an important property of HSPCs that enables them to convert danger signals into versatile cytokine signals for the regulation of stress-induced hematopoiesis. To translate these findings into human hematopoietic system, we have recently developed a human cytokine chip and our preliminary analysis suggests that purified human bone marrow HSCs also have the capacity to secrete cytokines. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapies: A Review of Cellular Kinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Modeling Approaches (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapies have shown significant efficacy in CD19+ leukemias and lymphomas. There remain many challenges and questions for improving next-generation CAR-T cell therapies, and mathematical modeling of CAR-T cells may play a role in supporting further development. In this review, we introduce a mathematical modeling taxonomy for a set of relatively simple cellular kinetic-pharmacodynamic models that describe the in vivo dynamics of CAR-T cell and their interactions with cancer cells. We then discuss potential extensions of this model to include target binding, tumor distribution, cytokine-release syndrome, immunophenotype differentiation, and genotypic heterogeneity.
Stealth measurements for cheat detection in on-line games (2008)

As a result of physically owning the client machine, cheaters in network games currently have the upper-hand when it comes to avoiding detection by anti-cheat software. To address this problem and turn the tables on cheaters, this paper examines an approach for cheat detection based on the use of stealth measurements via tamper-resistant hardware. To support this approach, we examine a range of cheat methods and a number of measurements that such hardware could perform to detect them.
Photostimulated Removal of Trace Metals (1991)

Photostimulated removal of trace amounts of gold, chromium, and copper from the surface of an undoped silicon substrate was studied. The initial, intentional metal surface contamination is at least . The metal‐contaminated silicon substrates were immersed into deionized water and irradiated with ultraviolet and visible light. The decrease in surface metal concentration for each of these metals is comparable to standard acid cleanup chemistries.
Surface nematic liquid crystal bistability on low-symmetry photoalignment micropatterns (2009)

We experimentally examined the surface nematic bistability of a liquid crystal cell with four kinds of photoalignment micropatterns, including stripe, herringbone, random dots and random lamella. We checked a necessary condition on the pattern symmetry required for the bistability. The optical properties of the stripe pattern cells were compared with those of the conventional chequer pattern cells, and the effects of the pattern geometry on the optical properties were discussed. Inspired by the results of the random lamella patterns, we proposed a novel and practical method of fabricating large-area bistable patterns.
Laser-induced photothermal refraction for small volume absorbance determination (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-induced photothermal refraction for small volume absorbance determinationThomas G. Nolan, Wayne A. Weimer, and Norman J. DovichiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 9, 1704–1707Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00273a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00273a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Concise Review: The Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Musculoskeletal Regeneration: Current Status and Perspectives (2012)

Regenerative therapies in the musculoskeletal system are based on the suitable application of cells, biomaterials, and/or factors. For an effective approach, numerous aspects have to be taken into consideration, including age, disease, target tissue, and several environmental factors. Significant research efforts have been undertaken in the last decade to develop specific cell-based therapies, and in particular adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells hold great promise for such regenerative strategies. Clinical translation of such therapies, however, remains a work in progress. In the clinical arena, autologous cells have been harvested, processed, and readministered according to protocols distinct for the target application. As outlined in this review, such applications range from simple single-step approaches, such as direct injection of unprocessed or concentrated blood or bone marrow aspirates, to fabrication of engineered constructs by seeding of natural or synthetic scaffolds with cells, which were released from autologous tissues and propagated under good manufacturing practice conditions (for example, autologous chondrocyte implantation). However, only relatively few of these cell-based approaches have entered the clinic, and none of these treatments has become a "standard of care" treatment for an orthopaedic disease to date. The multifaceted reasons for the current status from the medical, research, and regulatory perspectives are discussed here. In summary, this review presents the scientific background, current state, and implications of clinical mesenchymal stem cell application in the musculoskeletal system and provides perspectives for future developments.
Lyophilic (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Building Dependable Trusted Services (2003)

Motivation — Trusted services in distributed systems • certification authority and revocation server in PKI • directories and name services (LDAP, DNS) • key distribution (Kerberos) • authentication (Kerberos, RADIUS) • authorization (Tivoli Policy Director) • digital rights management • fair exchange, digital receipts • anonymous communication (re-mailers, anonymizers) 1 Trusted services • State-of-the-art: trusted service runs on a dedicated server • How trustworthy is a trusted service? + faith in administrators + isolation of function − performance may become a bottleneck − single point of failure Trusted services • State-of-the-art: trusted service runs on a dedicated server • How trustworthy is a trusted service? + faith in administrators + isolation of function − performance may become a bottleneck − single point of failure • Improving trust-worthiness: – perfect the single-server approach – add redundancy to tolerate faults and intrusions 2 Seemingly incompatible: Security and redundancy one trusted component redundant trusted components- good security- good availability- poor availability- poor security Seemingly incompatible: Security and redundancy one trusted component redundant trusted components- good security- good availability- poor availability- poor security Solution: distribute keys and control by using threshold cryptography and replication protocols
Peptide Nanotube-Modified Electrodes for Enzyme−Biosensor Applications (2005)

The fabrication and notably improved performance of composite electrodes based on modified self-assembled diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes is described. Peptide nanotubes were attached to gold electrodes, and we studied the resulting electrochemical behavior using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The peptide nanotube-based electrodes demonstrated a direct and unmediated response to hydrogen peroxide and NADH at a potential of +0.4 V (vs SCE). This biosensor enables a sensitive determination of glucose by monitoring the hydrogen peroxide produced by an enzymatic reaction between the glucose oxidase attached to the peptide nanotubes and glucose. In addition, the marked electrocatalytic activity toward NADH enabled a sensitive detection of ethanol using ethanol dehydrogenase and NAD+. The peptide nanotube-based amperometric biosensor provides a potential new tool for sensitive biosensors and biomolecular diagnostics.
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Atypical 3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-Bile Acids in Patients with 3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-C27-Steroid Oxidoreductase Deficiency: Application to Diagnosis and Monitoring of Bile Acid Therapeutic Response (2015)

The tandem mass spectrometry method described here for the measurement of 3β-hydroxy-Δ(5)-bile acid sulfates in urine can be applied to the diagnosis and accurate monitoring of responses to primary bile acid therapy in HSD3B7 patients.
International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer (2023 version) (2023)

Abstract Purpose In recent years, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has gained widespread attention as an alternative approach. Although the safety and feasibility of NOSES have been well documented, many questions remain open for discussion. The aim of this guideline is to provide more evidence for the promotion of NOSES. Methods This guideline has been prepared by the CACA Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society and the International NOSES Alliance, based on the latest evidence. Results The guideline on NOSES for colorectal cancer include the definition, classification, technology requirement, indications, technical difficulties and clinical research. Conclusion The guideline provides a full introduction of the theoretical and technical aspects of NOSES for colorectal cancer which will beneficial to development of NOSES.
Methods And Compositions For Chromosome-Specific Staining (2023)

Methods and compositions for chromosome-specific staining are provided. Compositions comprise heterogenous mixtures of labeled nucleic acid fragments having substantially complementary base sequences to unique sequence regions of the chromosomal DNA for which their associated staining reagent is specific. Methods include methods for making the chromosome-specific staining compositions of the invention, and methods for applying the staining compositions to chromosomes.
Design and Preliminary Testing of a Prototype for Evaluating Lower Leg Trajectory Error as an Optimization Metric for Prosthetic Feet (2016)

This work presents the design and preliminary testing of a prosthetic foot prototype intended for evaluating a novel design objective for passive prosthetic feet, the Lower Leg Trajectory Error (LLTE). Thus far, all work regarding LLTE has been purely theoretical. The next step is to perform extensive clinical testing. An initial prototype consisting of rotational ankle and metatarsal joints with constant rotational stiffness was optimized and built, but at 2 kg it proved too heavy to use in clinical testing. A new conceptual foot architecture intended to reduce the weight of the final prototype is presented and optimized for LLTE. This foot consists of a rotational ankle joint with constant stiffness of 6.1 N·m/deg, a rigid structure extending 0.08 m from the ankle-knee axis, and a cantilever beam forefoot with bending stiffness 5.4 N·m2. A prototype was built using machined delrin for the rigid structure, three parallel extension springs offset along a constant radius cam from a pin joint ankle, and machined nylon as the beam forefoot. In preliminary testing, it was determined that, despite efforts to minimize weight and size, this particular design was still too heavy and bulky as a result of the extension springs to be used in extensive clinical testing. Future work will focus on reducing the weight further by replacing linear extension springs with flexural elements before commencing with the clinical study.