gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by a Novel Small Molecule Activator of the Unfolded Protein Response (2008)

The transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is activated by a network of proinflammatory signaling pathways. Here we describe the identification of a small molecule that downregulates the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in cytokine-activated cells and suppresses nitric oxide production in vivo. Mechanistic analysis suggests that this small molecule, erstressin, also activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Erstressin induces rapid phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and the alternative splicing of XBP-1, hallmark initiating events of the UPR. Further, erstressin activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the UPR. These data suggest an inverse relationship between UPR activation and iNOS mRNA and protein expression under proinflammatory conditions.
Efficient two dipole antenna alignment in near‐field region (2015)

ABSTRACT This letter suggests an efficient dipole antenna alignment for the collinear dipoles and parallel nonstaggered dipoles in near‐field region, where a material shell or a metal plate is located between two dipole antennas. For an infinitesimal electric dipole in the material shell, a strong electric field direction of outer material and the distance to maintain the field dominantly regardless of the material properties have been calculated. Transmission coefficients of the two dipoles for the metal plate are simulated and measured at 900 MHz. Finally, it is proposed that the transmission performance of the collinear dipole alignment for both the material shell and metal environments is better than that of the parallel nonstaggered dipole alignment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:933–937, 2015
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lewis Base Promoted Trichlorosilane Reduction of Ketimines. An Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Amines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mobility in single crystal Bi2Se3. (1972)

Galvanomagnetic effects are measured in p-type Bi2Se3 in magnetic fields to 8 tesla. Both Hall and conductivity mobilities are determined between 4.2 and 300 K. Carrier compensation, as well as nearly equal electron and hole mobilities are found in samples with approximately 10 to the 25th power per cu m 3 total carrier concentration.
Phase manipulation for coherent control (2003)

We will discuss the phase manipulation of ultrafast pulses for the control of quantum systems. Using a learning control algorithm, we extract details of the control over electron wavepackets with attosecond precision. Also, we show that nonlinear pulse shaping extends molecular control to very high frequency ground-state vibrational modes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of a Metabolite of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonist, OPC‐31260, by Metalloporphyrin‐Catalyzed Demethylation. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pig-Stellate Stimulation Protocol v1 (2019)

Animal: Yorkshire Pig 2 Surgical Prep: Sedation Telazol (8mg/kg) Anesthesia isoflurane (1-2% inhalation)concomitant with intermittent boluses of fentanyl (1-3 g/kg iv)
Control of High Gain Modified SEPIC Converter: A Constant Switching Frequency Modulation Sliding Mode Controlling Technique (2018)

This paper investigates, analyses and presents a control scheme for a modified SEPIC converter. High voltage conversion ratio is accomplished by using fewer passive components. The modified SEPIC converter is a combination of two different circuits. The first part is a standard SEPIC converter circuit, and the second part is a switched capacitor circuit. A high voltage conversion ratio is achieved up to 29 times by the input voltage, if the duty ratio is kept 0.9. However, high performance control of DC-DC converters is a difficult task due to nonlinearities and higher order behaviour. Control methods, such as PI controller or linear state space approaches cannot achieve the goal in a wide operating range. Instead, Sliding Mode Control (SMC) method is a suitable solution in such circumtances. Since it is insensitive to parameter deviations and free from system dynamics. This study accomplishes a SMC to the modified SEPIC converter and also maintains the constant switching frequency. The complete DC-DC converter along with the control algorithm using Matlab/Simulink simulation software is demonstrated. Simulations show impressive results with the expectations for different perturbation scenarios and matches the developed theoretical background.
Dynamics of Hollow and Solid Alumina Particle Formation in Spray Flames (2004)

Thermophoretic sampling (TS) of the aerosol was conducted to manifest the formation of hollow and solid alumina particles in spray flames. The collected particles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Hollow particles with a thin shell (e.g., 10 nm) were formed from the aluminum nitrate precursor emulsion at less than 4‐cm flame height. Hollow particles maintained their shapes in the flame using air as dispersion/oxidant gas, whereas hollow‐to‐solid restructuring of the particles took place in the flame using oxygen. With oxygen, nanoparticles were formed in the gas phase from the aluminum butoxide/2‐propanol precursor solution only, whereas gas‐phase reaction was hindered, forming large particles from the aluminum nitrate/2‐propanol precursor solution.
Table S3 from MEK plus PI3K/mTORC1/2 Therapeutic Efficacy Is Impacted by <i>TP53</i> Mutation in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3. Molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer cell lines and PDX (VHIO panel)&lt;/p&gt;
Chronic Vulvar Ulceration in an Immunocompetent Woman Due to Acyclovir‐Resistant, Thymidine Kinase‐Deficient Herpes Simplex Virus (1998)

A 34-year-old healthy woman presented with a 15-month history of persistent, nonhealing vulvar ulcerations due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2. Extensive dermatologic workup and serial skin biopsies failed to reveal an underlying vulvar dermatosis or autoimmune bullous disorder. Virologic studies revealed resistance to acyclovir in vitro due to deficiency in thymidine kinase activity. Serum antibody to human immunodeficiency virus was negative on two occasions, separated by 1 year. Immunologic evaluation showed normal HSV-specific proliferative and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses as well as normal NK cell function. Vulvar lesions failed to heal in association with trials of topical trifluorothymidine and oral valacyclovir but resolved completely with the application of 1% foscarnet cream. No recurrence of HSV has been observed in 24 months of follow-up to date.
Detection of Odorant using TFT multi-array with Various Polymers (2021)

High selectivity of the sensor is one of the most important parameters for the electronic nose (E-nose) or gas sensor. However, many sensors have shown poor selectivity, even though some had high sensitivity. To solve this issue, we suggested a multi-sensor array concept, which consisted of thin-film transistors (TFTs) with various polymer selectors. By using TFT as a base sensor structure, sensitivity was significantly enhanced, and by adopting a polymer as the second dielectric layer, there was a remarkable improvement in selectivity. Some polymers showed unique selectivity to a specific odorant, whereas others had a moderate reaction to various odorants. Instead of common one-to-one matching between a sensor and an odorant, we used multi-output analysis using a dimensional bar chart. Eight different polymers TFTs made a specific chart pattern for four different odorants. Therefore, this sensor array and signal process concept can apply to the e-nose system, which can classify many odorants like a human simulator.
Lazily Aggregated Quantized Gradient Innovation for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning (2020)

This paper focuses on communication-efficient federated learning problem, and develops a novel distributed quantized gradient approach, which is characterized by adaptive communications of the quantized gradients. Specifically, the federated learning builds upon the server-worker infrastructure, where the workers calculate local gradients and upload them to the server; then the server obtain the global gradient by aggregating all the local gradients and utilizes it to update the model parameter. The key idea to save communications from the worker to the server is to quantize gradients as well as skip less informative quantized gradient communications by reusing previous gradients. Quantizing and skipping result in 'lazy' worker-server communications, which justifies the term Lazily Aggregated Quantized (LAQ) gradient. Theoretically, the LAQ algorithm achieves the same linear convergence as the gradient descent in the strongly convex case, while effecting major savings in the communication in terms of transmitted bits and communication rounds. Empirically, extensive experiments using realistic data corroborate a significant communication reduction compared with state-of-the-art gradient- and stochastic gradient-based algorithms.
Supplementary Figure 4 from DLL4-Notch Signaling Mediates Tumor Resistance to Anti-VEGF Therapy <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.84 MB, Pericyte coverage on tumor microvessels did not associate with the tumor resistance to bevacizumab (bev). Fresh frozen tumor samples were taken from Figure 2D and double stained for CD31 (green) and the pericytic marker NG2 (red). DLL4 reduced pericyte covrage of tumor vessels by the NG2-positive pericytes. DBZ increased the pericyte coveage while bevacizumab did not affect the pericyte coverage in both tumors. Note that DLL4 tumors are mainly negative. Scale bar represents 50�m. Immunofluorescent detection of either �-SMA-positive or desmin-positive pericytes produced similar results to the NG2 staining.&lt;/p&gt;
Migration of alkylbenzenes from packaging into food and Tenax® (2001)

Abstract Alkylbenzenes (alkyl chain C 10 –C 13 ) are used as solvent components in certain offset printing inks. Alkylbenzenes were identified from 10 out of 15 samples of offset‐printed food packaging made of board. Printed hamburger collars intended for hamburger restaurants had exceptionally high contents of alkylbenzenes (70–500 mg/kg). Most of the collars had varnish on both the printed surface and the non‐printed food contact surface. Migration of alkylbenzenes from the hamburger collar into a roll was 2 mg/kg. In another test, in which Tenax ® was used as simulant, the effect of a varnish layer on the food contact surface was studied. It was found that the varnish layer reduced migration by about 70%. Tests with Tenax ® as a food simulant resulted in higher migration than in tests with rolls. The European Commission has published a risk assessment report on alkylbenzenes. The report concludes that there is no need for further testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are currently applied. However, consumer exposure was calculated without taking into account the possibility of oral exposure to alkylbenzenes migrating from food packagings. The migration of alkylbenzenes thus merits further study. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Names, addresses and identities in ambient networks (2005)

Ambient Networks interconnect independent realms that may use different local network technologies and may belong to different administrative or legal entities. At the core of these advanced internetworking concepts is a flexible naming architecture based on dynamic indirections between names, addresses and identities. This paper gives an overview of the connectivity abstractions of Ambient Networks and then describes its naming architecture in detail, comparing and contrasting them to other related next-generation network architectures.
Evaluation of on-line methodology for microwave-assisted extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediment samples (1999)

The development of novel on-line microwave techniques is described for the selective extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediment samples. Two flow systems were evaluated, in the first, samples of sediment were slurried in water and on passing through the microwave the analytes were extracted and subsequently trapped onto a C18 cartridge. Elution from the in-line C18 cartridge directly onto an analytical HPLC column was then performed. In the second study, samples were slurried in acetone and passed through the microwave cavity. The effluent was then shaken with 10 ml of hexane in order to pre-concentrate the extracted components, which were detected and quantified by GC-MS. Recoveries from the second technique on average ranged from 62 to 93% (0.28–8.15 µg). Both techniques were compared to the standard EPA method for microwave-assisted solvent extraction. The second method based on acetone, was found to give comparable recoveries to the EPA method, but offered significant improvement in the precision for replicate samples which were found to be in the range 2–7% RSD compared to 6–16% RSD for the batch technique.
Global priors for binocular stereopsis (2002)

Develops a Bayesian feedback method for incorporating global structure into prior models for binocular stereopsis. Since most stereo scenes contain either background continuation (large background surfaces continuing behind smaller fore-ground surfaces) or transparency continuation (small opaque patches on a transparent surface), highly nonlocal interactions are often present in the scene geometry. The commonly used local prior models which impose piecewise smoothness constraints on the reconstructions do not capture the probabilistic subtleties of global 3D structures. Therefore, the authors develop a hybridized prior which balances the local properties of the scene geometry with the global properties. Experimental results demonstrating the potential of this technique are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A compact broadband mixed-signal power amplifier in bulk CMOS with hybrid Class-G and dynamic load trajectory manipulation operations (2016)

We present a mixed-signal PA with real-time Class-G and dynamic load trajectory manipulation (DLTM) hybrid operations to achieve PA efficiency enhancement up to the deep power back-off (PBO) region. Moreover, the PA load trajectory is dynamically manipulated to achieve PA efficiency peaking during the PBO operation, and the PA load modulation network is realized by only one on-chip transformer balun for an ultra-compact layout. A prototype PA fully integrated in a standard 65nm bulk CMOS process achieves +24.6dBm peak output power (Pout) and 45.6% maximum drain efficiency (DE) at 2.4GHz. By combining the real-time Class-G and DLTM hybrid operations with mixed-signal AM and PM linearization, the PA delivers a +18.5dBm 10MSym/s 64-QAM signal with 32.6% DE and -27.8dB EVM. The DLTM operation also extends the PA Pout 1dB bandwidth by 40%. The total chip area is only 1.9mm2.
Nano-Through Silicon Vias (nTSV) for Backside Power Delivery Networks (BSPDN) (2023)

In this paper we discuss the driving forces for moving to chip backside power delivery. Possible integration flows and challenges are discussed for integrating through-silicon via (TSV) connections that directly interconnect the chip at the standard-cell level. These approaches use power rail integration schemes that can be “buried” in the STI and Si below the devices or directly integrated as backside metallization scheme on the wafer backside. Both nTSV “last” and “first” integration flows have been demonstrated. Key technology challenges are the extreme wafer thinning required and back-side lithography correction to correct for wafer distortions caused by wafer processing and W2W bonding.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β inhibition induces lymphangiogenesis through β-catenin-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways (2019)

Lymphatic vessels play an important role in health and in disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GSK3-β inhibition on lung lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition and silencing of GSK3-β resulted in increased lymphangiogenesis of lung lymphatic endothelial cells. To investigate mechanisms of GSK3-β-mediated lymphangiogenesis, we interrogated the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and found that inhibition of GSK3-β resulted in PTEN activation and subsequent decreased activation of AKT, leading to decreased p-P70S6kinase levels, indicating inhibition of the mTOR pathway. In addition, consistent with a negative role of GSK3-β in β-catenin stability through protein phosphorylation, we found that GSK3-β inhibition resulted in an increase in β-catenin levels. Simultaneous silencing of β-catenin and inhibition of GSK3-β demonstrated that β-catenin is required for GSK3-β-induced lymphangiogenesis.
Experimental verification of combined adaptive PMD and GVD compensation in a 40 Gb/s transmission using integrated optical FIR-filters and spectrum monitoring (2004)

We prove the capability of adaptive PMD compensation with integrated optical FIR-filters in lattice structure and an electrical spectrum monitoring based feedback signal in 40 Gb/s experiments. Moreover we present the combined PMD and GVD compensation.
Electrical detection of the biological interaction of a charged peptide via gallium arsenide junction-field-effect transistors (2008)

GaAs junction-field-effect transistors (JFETs) are utilized to achieve label-free detection of biological interaction between a probe transactivating transcriptional activator (TAT) peptide and the target trans-activation-responsive (TAR) RNA. The TAT peptide is a short sequence derived from the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 TAT protein. The GaAs JFETs are modified with a mixed adlayer of 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) and TAT peptide, with the ODT passivating the GaAs surface from polar ions in physiological solutions and the TAT peptide providing selective binding sites for TAR RNA. The devices modified with the mixed adlayer exhibit a negative pinch-off voltage (V(P)) shift, which is attributed to the fixed positive charges from the arginine-rich regions in the TAT peptide. Immersing the modified devices into a TAR RNA solution results in a large positive V(P) shift (>1 V) and a steeper subthreshold slope ( approximately 80 mVdecade), whereas "dummy" RNA induced a small positive V(P) shift ( approximately 0.3 V) without a significant change in subthreshold slopes ( approximately 330 mVdecade). The observed modulation of device characteristics is analyzed with analytical modeling and two-dimensional numerical device simulations to investigate the electronic interactions between the GaAs JFETs and biological molecules.
The Impact of Area Contact Between Sensor Bulb and Evaporator Return Line in a Modular Refrigeration Unit: Part I — Computational Study (2003)

The combination of increased power dissipation and increased packaging density has led to substantial increase in junction temperature, at both the chip and module level in computers and especially at the high-end. In the past, virtually all-commercial computers were designed to operate at temperatures above the ambient and were primarily air-cooled. However, researchers have always known the advantages of operating electronics at low temperatures. This facilitates faster switching time of semiconductor devices, increased circuit speeds due to lower electrical resistance of interconnecting materials and reduction in thermally induced failures of devices and components. Depending on the doping characteristics of the chip, performance improvement ranges from 1 to 3% for every 10°C lower transistor temperature can be realized. The paper addresses improving the cooling of IBM’s high-end server unit, which uses a conventional refrigeration system to maintain the chip temperatures below that of comparable air-cooled systems, but well above cryogenic temperature. The IBM S/390 high-end server system is the first IBM design that employed refrigeration cooling. Advantage of using refrigeration unit is improvement in reliability, and performance improvements related to the lower operating temperature. In previous work, the focus was to study the effect of variation of evaporator outlet superheat on the flow through the thermostatic expansion valve at varying evaporator temperature. Also the effect of change in bulb location and effect of bulb time constant on the hunting at the evaporator has been reported. Currently, the evaporator return line and the sensor bulb are simply attached with a clip, with no thermal consideration. In the present study, the performance that results from varying the area of contact between the evaporator return line and sensor bulb is discussed. Subsequently, the effect of various interface materials on the performance is examined.
Linear imaging of gas velocity using the photothermal deflection effect (1986)

A new technique for measuring a single spatial component of gas velocity at many points simultaneously along a line using the laser-induced photothermal deflection effect is presented. In this technique a pump beam from a CO2 laser is focused and crossed with a planar probe beam from an argon laser above a low velocity gas jet. When the CO2 laser is pulsed, an ethylene/nitrogen mixture flowing out of the jet absorbs it; the resulting temperature and index of refraction gradient deflects the probe beam plane. The velocity distribution across the jet strongly affects the shape and amplitude of the probe beam deflection. The deflection is recorded with a high-speed 2-D array camera and the images are processed to give the velocity distribution across the jet. Velocities were measured for four different flow rates and also for a shear layer. The velocity distributions have the expected parabolic shape and the peak velocities agree with those calculated from the flow rate. A previously derived expression for the deflection angle was used to calculate the deflection of the planar probe beam as a function of time. The calculated images appear very similar to the measured ones.
Low-loss spinel windows for high-energy lasers (2015)

Ideal exit aperture windows for high-energy laser (HEL) should possess low absorption and scattering losses and be environmentally rugged and strong in order to protect the laser gain medium without compromising the light propagating through the window. Spinel is an ideal candidate for this application due to its high mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and excellent optical transmission between 0.2~5 μm. However, spinel ceramics fabricated with commercial powders often show inhomogeneity and suffer from absorption and scattering caused by various types of intrinsic and extrinsic impurities present in the powders. Here, we report on a convenient and economical powder purification method to significantly lower the absorption loss of transparent spinel ceramics using commercial powders. Acid washing was successfully used to reduce absorption loss in spinel ceramic fabricated using commercial powder from &gt;20,000 ppm/cm down to 75 ppm/cm.