gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on flame structure of ammonia: Examination for CO<sub>2</sub>-free combustion (2020)

Recently, ammonia has attracted the attention of many researchers as a carrier for efficient transportation and storage of hydrogen. In factories, it is desirable to use surplus ammonia not only as a hydrogen source but also as fuel (heat utilization) from the practical perspective. However, ammonia is incombustible and generates nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are harmful substances. In this study, the flame structure of ammonia was investigated and a burner was developed for the stable combustion of incombustible ammonia even in high-velocity airflow using a hydrogen flame stabilizer to simultaneously reduce the concentration of NOx. Specifically, (1) when the airflow velocity increased, turbulent mixing and reaction were facilitated and the flame length shortened; (2) a triple jet burner, which could stably perform highintensity combustion even in a turbulent flow field, was developed; and (3) the concentration of fuel-NOx could be reduced to under 300 ppm by enveloping the ammonia fuel in hydrogen flame, in which reduction zone formed.
Gene Flow between Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L. is Asymmetric (2010)

As both Pima cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.) and Acala (Upland; G. hirsutum L.) are grown in the southwestern United States, understanding gene flow within and among these species is important to maintain genetic purity. In small scale and commercial fields, gene flow decreased exponentially from 1.44% at 1 m to less than 0.50% at 10 m in Acala cotton. Corresponding values for Pima cotton were 0.19% at 3 m and 0% at 10 m or beyond. When interspecies outcrossing occurred, Pima cotton was preferentially pollinated by Acala cotton. Gene flow was nondetectable in 7.5 m borders. Asymmetric pollination between Acala and Pima cotton was also observed in samples collected in borders located 6 m from the pollen source with no detectable gene flow beyond 7.5 m. At a given distance, in commercial scale Pima fields, gene flow was tenfold less than reported in Acala fields with gene flow not exceeding 0.43% beyond 10 m. No gene flow was detected beyond 800 m (0.5 mile). This study indicates that isolation distances can be shorter in Pima cotton than in Acala cotton to maintain the same level of genetic purity. Comparison with historical evidence suggests that there has been a shift in the relative gene flow among species in modern cultivars of Pima cotton.
Image-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (2007)

We present an overview of a wave front sensor-less adaptive optics scheme based upon the optimisation of the low spatial frequency content of images. Aberrations are expanded as a series of Lukosz functions as this permits the independent optimisation of each aberration mode. The scheme is demonstrated in an incoherent transmission microscope. It is shown how the method is related to so-called 'image sharpening' techniques.
Introduction of Carboxylate Groups at Poly(ethylene) Surfaces by Argon Plasma Immobilization of Sodium Salts of Fatty Acids (1997)

Carboxylate groups were introduced at poly(ethylene) (PE) surfaces by immobilization of sodium 10-undecenoate (C11(:)) or sodium dodecanoate (C12) using an argon plasma treatment. The presence of carboxylate groups at the surface was confirmed by ATR−FTIR spectroscopy, contact-angle determinations, and derivatization XPS. The presence of an unsaturated bond in the alkyl chain of the surfactant enhanced the immobilization process. About 28% of the initial amount of carboxylate groups in the precoated C11(:) layer was retained at the PE surface after plasma treatment, as compared to only 6% for the C12 layer. No changes in the wettability of the modified PE surfaces were observed when they were stored at room temperature for at least 12 weeks. The use of the carboxylate groups that were introduced at polymeric surfaces with this method for further covalent coupling of other molecules is discussed.
Compact signatures for high-speed interest point description and matching (2009)

Prominent feature point descriptors such as SIFT and SURF allow reliable real-time matching but at a computational cost that limits the number of points that can be handled on PCs, and even more on less powerful mobile devices. A recently proposed technique that relies on statistical classification to compute signatures has the potential to be much faster but at the cost of using very large amounts of memory, which makes it impractical for implementation on low-memory devices. In this paper, we show that we can exploit the sparseness of these signatures to compact them, speed up the computation, and drastically reduce memory usage. We base our approach on Compressive Sensing theory. We also highlight its effectiveness by incorporating it into two very different SLAM packages and demonstrating substantial performance increases.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes and Antimicrobial Activities by Polyaniline–Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dot Nanocomposite (2021)

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (N@CDs) were prepared by hydrothermal processing of bovine serum albumin (Mw: 69,324 with 607 amino acids). A polyaniline (PANI-N@CDs) nanocomposite was then synthesized by ultrasonication and used to degrade Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB), and crystal violet (CV) four common organic dyes. The PANI-N@CD nanocomposite simultaneously adsorbed and concentrated the dye from the bulk solution and degraded the adsorbed dye, resulting in a high rate of dye degradation. The combination of holes (h+), hydroxyl (OH<sup>•</sup>), and O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> was involved in the N@CD-mediated photocatalytic degradation of the dyes. Under visible light illumination at neutral pH, the PANI-N@CDs were proven as an efficient adsorbent and photocatalyst for the complete degradation of CR within 20 min. MB and RhB were also degraded but required longer treatment times. These findings supported the design of remediation processes for such dyes and predicted their fate in the environment. The nanocomposite also exhibited antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacterium <i>E. coli</i> and Gram-positive bacterium <i>S. aureus</i>.
Efficacy is Not Everything: Eliciting Women’s Preferences for a Vaginal HIV Prevention Product Using a Discrete-Choice Experiment (2019)

As new female-initiated HIV prevention products enter development, it is crucial to incorporate women's preferences to ensure products will be desired, accepted, and used. A discrete-choice experiment was designed to assess the relative importance of six attributes to stated choice of a vaginally delivered HIV prevention product. Sexually active women in South Africa and Zimbabwe aged 18-30 were recruited from two samples: product-experienced women from a randomized trial of four vaginal placebo forms and product-naïve community members. In a tablet-administered survey, 395 women chose between two hypothetical products over eight choice sets. Efficacy was the most important, but there were identifiable preferences among other attributes. Women preferred a product that also prevented pregnancy and caused some wetness (p < 0.001). They disliked a daily-use product (p = 0.002) and insertion by finger (p = 0.002). Although efficacy drove preference, wetness, pregnancy prevention, and dosing regimen were influential to stated choice of a product, and women were willing to trade some level of efficacy to have other more desired attributes.
Compendium of HFIR and REDC Infrasound and Low-Frequency Acoustic Emissions (2018)

This document is a compilation of infrasound and low-frequency acoustic signatures that characterize select nuclear reactor operations and hot-cell operations observed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in fiscal year 2018. Also included here are the results of digital signal analyses describing these signatures. This effort provides insight about the feasibility of using acoustic signatures for local and remote-sensing and identification of nuclear fuel-cycle operations. The signatures included here, in this first year of on-site observations at ORNL, will become part of the broader basis set of signatures collected by researchers involved in the Multi-Informatics for Nuclear Operations Scenarios (MINOS) venture. The effort by MINOS researchers is to gain a deeper knowledge base of nuclear facility operations which may be used to improve nuclear facility monitoring capabilities. This compendium comprises signatures developed from sound signals that were measured at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center during the week of June 18, 2018. Most facility operations were performed specifically for this campaign, although some measurements were obtained in the course of normal operations. The knowledge gained from developing the signatures included herein will provide a better understanding that will be useful for upcoming measurement campaigns; as additional data becomes available it will be included in newer versions of this compendium.
Digital RF processing techniques for SoC radios (invited) (2005)

In this paper, we describe key digital RF processing techniques behind the first single-chip Bluetooth and GSM/EDGE radios realized in 130-nm and 90-nm digital CMOS process technologies, respectively. The local oscillator, transmitter and receiver are architectured from the ground up to be compatible with digital deep-submicron CMOS processes and be readily integrated with a digital baseband and application processors. The conventional RF frequency synthesizer architecture, based on the voltage-controlled oscillator and the phase/frequency detector and charge-pump combination, has been replaced with a digitally-controlled oscillator and a time-to-digital converter, respectively. The transmitter employs a polar architecture with all-digital phase/frequency and amplitude modulation paths. The phase/frequency modulation is based on the direct wideband frequency modulation capability of an all-digital phase-locked loop. The amplitude modulation path directly is built on a digitally-controlled power amplifier. The receiver employs a discrete-time architecture in which the RF signal is directly sampled and processed using analog and digital signal processing techniques. The discrete-time filtering at each signal processing stage is followed by successive decimation, such that great selectivity is achieved right at the mixer level.
Electroantennogram Technique forConotrachelus nenuphar(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2009)

Reliable electroantennogram (EAG) responses were obtained from the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), by using a whole body mount with glass electrodes filled with KCl-saturated AgCl solution that penetrated the antennal club (recording electrode) and the membrane attached to the cervical sclerite between the thorax and the head (indifferent electrode). Known attractive odor sources including extracts of headspace collections of 'Stanley' plum and 'Empire' apple tissues and a synthetic source of racemic grandisoic acid were used to verify the sensitivity of the technique. The amplitude of responses was significantly greater for females than males among all candidate stimuli evaluated. The recorded amplitudes for all odor stimuli evaluated were significantly greater than the methylene chloride solvent control. The development of this EAG technique will facilitate use of a coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection system to aid in detection of novel, biologically and behaviorally active volatile sources that can be subsequently evaluated in behavioral trials and ultimately lead to more powerful attractants for use in monitoring and management programs for plum curculios in commercial fruit orchards.
Overexpression of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in endothelial cells accelerates coronary artery disease in a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia (2017)

Endogenous TNAP activity is present in human cardiac tissues. TNAP overexpression in vascular endothelium in mice leads to an unusual course of coronary atherosclerosis, in which calcification precedes lipid deposition. The prevalence and significance of this mechanism in human atherosclerosis requires further investigations.
Magnetic Polymer/Nickel Hybrid Nanoparticles Via Miniemulsion Polymerization (2013)

This work shows a method to synthesize and encapsulate magnetic nickel nanocrystals into polymeric colloidal particles through miniemulsion polymerization. The nickel nanoparticles are produced by a thermal decomposition method in the presence of oleylamine and triphenylphosphine, which results in a hydrophobic surface. However, being compatible with the monomer does not ensure a successful encapsulation by miniemulsion polymerization, as the nickel nanoparticles are expelled from the polymer particles with increasing styrene conversion due to the poor adhesion interaction between the organic shells of the nickel nanoparticles and the polystyrene. Changing the hydrophobic polystyrene to a polymer with higher polarity such as poly(methyl methacrylate) proves to be efficient for encapsulation of nickel nanoparticles when employing a hydrophilic initiator. After encapsulation, these nanoparticles show magnetic response. image
3D parametric human modeling for warp-knitted seamless garment (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a parametric design method for 3D human bodies to be used in computer-aided style design and the 3D presentations of warp-knitted seamless garment. Design/methodology/approach – In order to obtain 3D human bodies of different sizes, all of which have been based on anthropometric measurement, a human body model template was constructed by importing vertices and facets information in an OBJ model file which had been exported from POSER. A parametric model was then established by extracting feature information from the template model using a method combining 3D geometry analysis and human semantic analysis; this information included the template model’s feature points and measurements. By applying a mesh deformation method, based on the radius basis function interpolation, to the template model, different size human bodies were then generated according to user-specific anthropometric measurements. Findings – The test results validated the method presented in this paper as a useful and effective approach to generate diffident size human models from a template model by modifying anthropometric measurements, which establishes a foundation for the style design and 3D presentations of warp-knitted seamless garments. Originality/value – This paper provides parametric design methods for generating bodies of varying size according to different anthropometric measurements in the 3D domain, which is the basis of style design and 3D presentation for warp-knitted seamless garments.
EXPRESSION OF NOVEL ANTICOAGULANT FUSION PROTEINS INHIBITS FACTOR XA- AND THROMBIN-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF PORCINE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. (2000)

Daxin, Chen1; Riesbeck, Kristian1; McVey, John2; Kemball-Cook, Geoffrey2; Tuddenham, Edward G.D.2; Lechler, Robert I.1; Dorling, Anthony1 Author Information
Role for Cell-Surface\nCollagen of <i>Streptococcus\npyogenes</i> in Infections (2020)

Group\nA &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/i&gt; (GAS) displays cell-surface\nproteins that resemble human collagen. We find that a fluorophore-labeled\ncollagen mimetic peptide (CMP) labels GAS cells but not &lt;i&gt;Escherichia\ncoli&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; cells, which lack\nsuch proteins. The CMP likely engages in a heterotrimeric helix with\nendogenous collagen, as the nonnatural d enantiomer of the\nCMP does not label GAS cells. To identify a molecular target, we used\nreverse genetics to “knock-in” the GAS genes that encode\ntwo proteins with collagen-like domains, Scl1 and Scl2, into &lt;i&gt;B. subtilis&lt;/i&gt;. The fluorescent CMP labels the cells of these &lt;i&gt;B. subtilis&lt;/i&gt; strains. Moreover, these strains bind tightly\nto a surface of mammalian collagen. These data are consistent with\nstreptococcal collagen forming triple helices with damaged collagen\nin a wound bed and thus have implications for microbial virulence.
Optimization of Split-And-Combine Relaying (2009)

Relays play an important role for increasing rate and reducing energy consumption of wireless networks. In this paper we consider a three-node network (source, relay, destination) in which we want to minimize total energy consumption for a given transmission rate. We analyze and optimize the Split-Combine-Relaying (SCR) protocol that for many typical parameter settings performs better than traditional decode-and- forward. SCR splits a data packet into two fragments, which are then transmitted in two phases. In the first phase of transmission, the source sends the first fragment to the relay. In the second phase of the transmission, the source sends the second fragment to the destination, while, at the same time, the relay forwards the first fragment to the destination. We provide an optimization framework to decide the amount of data in each fragment, the amount of time spent in each of the phases, and the corresponding transmission powers. We also show that an extension of SCR that employs Slepian-Wolf coding of the fragments leads to further reduction of energy consumption.
The Metalloprotease ADAMTS8 Displays Antitumor Properties through Antagonizing EGFR–MEK–ERK Signaling and Is Silenced in Carcinomas by CpG Methylation (2013)

This study uncovers the tumor suppressive function of ADAMTS8, one of the ADAMTS family members, and its frequent methylation in certain tumors could be developed as a potential biomarker.
A 29-mRNA host response test from blood accurately distinguishes bacterial and viral infections among emergency department patients (2021)

InSep demonstrated high accuracy for predicting the presence of both bacterial and viral infections in ED patients with suspected acute infections or suspected sepsis. When translated into a rapid, point-of-care test, InSep will provide ED physicians with actionable results supporting early informed treatment decisions to improve patient outcomes while upholding antimicrobial stewardship. Registration number at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03295825.
Radiotracer Experiments on Biological Volatilization of Organic Iodine from Coastal Seawaters (2004)

Abstract Biological volatilization of iodine from seawaters was studied using a radiotracer technique. Seawater samples were incubated aerobically in serum bottles with radioactive iodide tracer (125I), and volatile organic and inorganic iodine were collected with activated charcoal and silver wool trap, respectively. Iodine was volatilized mainly as organic iodine, and inorganic iodine volatilization was not observed. Influence of light intensity on the volatilization was determined, but no significant differences were observed under light (70,000 lux) and dark conditions. The effect of the chemical form of iodine on the volatilization was determined, and the results suggested that volatilization preferentially occurs from iodide (I−) but not from iodate (IO3 −). Volatilization did not occur when the samples were autoclaved or filtered through a 0.22-μm pore size membrane filter. Incubation of the samples with antibiotics caused decreased volatilization. Conversely, enhanced volatilization was observed when the samples were incubated with yeast extract. Fifty-nine marine bacterial strains were then randomly isolated from marine environments, and their iodine-volatilizing capacities were determined. Among these, 19 strains exhibited significant capacities for volatilizing iodine. 16S ribosomal RNA gene comparisons indicated that these bacteria are members of Proteobacteria (α and γ subdivisions) and Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group. One of the strains, strain C-19, volatilized 1 to 2% of total iodine during cultivation, and the gaseous organic iodine was identified as methyl iodide (CH3I). These results suggest that organic iodine volatilization from seawaters occurs biologically, and that marine bacteria participate in the process. Considering that volatile organic iodine emitted from the oceans causes atmospheric ozone destruction, biological iodine volatilization from seawater is of great importance. Our results also contribute to prediction of movement and diffusion of long-lived radioactive iodine (129I) in the environment. Keywords: iodineiodidevolatilizationbacteriamethyl iodideozone destructionradioactive iodineradiotracer experiment16S rDNA We wish to thank S. Yoshida (NIRS) for his valuable comments and kind cooperation throughout this study. We also grateful to Y. Akiyama (Chiba Univ.) and S. Yamazaki (Tokyo Nuclear Service Co.) for their technical support. Notes 1The results are expressed as percentage of volatilization (means of duplicate analyses ±SD). 2Incubation periods. 3 125I− and 125IO3 − were used as radioactive iodide and iodate tracers, respectively. 4Seawater samples were autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes before incubation. 5Seawater samples were filtered through a 0.22 μm-pore size of membrane filter before incubation.
Information-Accessing Furniture to Make Our Everyday Lives More Comfortable (2006)

A concept for information equipment called information-accessing furniture is presented. We developed an embedded module to be assembled into tables, mirrors, walls, etc. It can be easily assembled into furniture or interior material because it is a package of information processing units, input/output units, and other optional units. It enables building information equipment that is designed to match the surrounding environment, and it offers an intuitive interface to users, thus helping them to obtain information easily while doing routine activities. We developed several types of prototypes with embedded modules and studied their applications. Some comments we received during interviews with end-users and interior designers are also presented
Population intervention models in causal inference (2008)

We propose a new causal parameter, which is a natural extension of existing approaches to causal inference such as marginal structural models. Modelling approaches are proposed for the difference between a treatment-specific counterfactual population distribution and the actual population distribution of an outcome in the target population of interest. Relevant parameters describe the effect of a hypothetical intervention on such a population and therefore we refer to these models as population intervention models. We focus on intervention models estimating the effect of an intervention in terms of a difference and ratio of means, called risk difference and relative risk if the outcome is binary. We provide a class of inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted and doubly-robust estimators of the causal parameters in these models. The finite-sample performance of these new estimators is explored in a simulation study.