gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
δ-Tocotrienol, a natural form of vitamin E, inhibits pancreatic cancer stem-like cells and prevents pancreatic cancer metastasis (2017)

The growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by the activation and growth of tumor-initiating cells in distant organs that have stem-like properties. Thus, inhibiting growth of these cells may prevent PDAC growth and metastases. We have demonstrated that δ-tocotrienol, a natural form of vitamin E (VEDT), is bioactive against cancer, delays progression, and prevents metastases in transgenic mouse models of PDAC. In this report, we provide the first evidence that VEDT selectively inhibits PDAC stem-like cells. VEDT inhibited the viability, survival, self-renewal, and expression of Oct4 and Sox2 transcription factors in 3 models of PDAC stem-like cells. In addition, VEDT inhibited the migration, invasion, and several biomarkers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in PDAC cells and tumors. These processes are critical for tumor metastases. Furthermore, in the L3.6pl orthotopic model of PDAC metastases, VEDT significantly inhibited growth and metastases of these cells. Finally, in an orthotopic xenograft model of human PDAC stem-like cells, we showed that VEDT significantly retarded the growth and metastases of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC human stem-like cells. Because VEDT has been shown to be safe and to reach bioactive levels in humans, this work supports investigating VEDT for chemoprevention of PDAC metastases.
Ultra-High Sensitivity Surface Photovoltage Measurement of Heavy Metal Contamination in Silicon Wafers with Fast Metal Identification (2018)

We discuss the present generation of a Surface Photovoltage minority carrier diffusion length technique with world-record sensitivity for Fe detection below 1x108 atoms/cm3 in Si wafers with wafer mapping capability. The results demonstrate repeatability of the method and tool matching over a broad Fe concentration range. Emphasis is given to identification of Fe that is achieved with a diffusion length transient measurement facilitated by increased SPV precision. For the first time, we show a new version of the transient method for quick Fe identification testing in a time of minutes rather than hours or days as in previous approaches. Such testing is incorporated into an automated SPV wafer mapping sequence. We also address the issue of testing and identification of other transition metals and present the first results on separation of Mn and Fe.
A FISH approach for mapping the human genome using Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) (1994)

As the Human Genome Project progresses, large insert cloning vectors such as BACs, P1, and P1 Artificial Chromosomes (PACs) will be required to complement the YAC mapping efforts. The value of the BAC vector for physical mapping lies in the stability of the inserts, the lack of chimerism, the length of inserts (up to 300 kb), the ability to obtain large amounts of pure clone DNA and the ease of BAC manipulation. These features helped us design two approaches for generating physical mapping reagents for human genetic studies. The first approach is a whole genome strategy in which randomly selected BACs are mapped, using FISH, to specific chromosomal bands. To date, 700 BACs have been mapped to single chromosome bands at a resolution of 2-5 Mb in addition to BACs mapped to 14 different centromeres. These BACs represent more than 90 Mb of the genome and include >70% of all human chromosome bands at the 350-band level. These data revealed that >97% of the BACs were non-chimeric and have a genomic distribution covering most gaps in the existing YAC map with excellent coverage of gene-rich regions. In the second approach, we used YACs to identify BACs on chromosome 21. Amore » 1.5 Mb contig between D21S339 and D21S220 nears completion within the Down syndrome congenital heart disease (DS-CHD) region. Seventeen BACs ranging in size from 80 kb to 240 kb were ordered using 14 STSs with FISH confirmation. We have also used 40 YACs spanning 21q to identify, on average, >1 BAC/Mb to provide molecular cytogenetic reagents and anchor points for further mapping. The contig generated on chromosome 21 will be helpful in isolating the genes for DS-CHD. The physical mapping reagents generated using the whole genome approach will provide cytogenetic markers and mapped genomic fragments that will facilitate positional cloning efforts and the identification of genes within most chromosomal bands.« less
Release of3H‐5‐Hydroxytryptamine from Isolated Rabbit Aorta (1995)

The main aim of the present investigation was to study systematically the passive and stimulation-evoked release of 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) from rabbit isolated aorta. This was accomplished by preloading rings of aorta with 3H-5-HT (10(-6)M) and then monitoring by fractional collection the basal 3H-outflow and stimulation-evoked 3H-overflow. The basal 3H-outflow from aorta preloaded with 10(-6)M of either 3H-5-HT or (-)-3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) leveled off about 100 min. after the onset of wash-out and remained almost constant thereafter (100-240 min.). The basal 3H-outflow from tissue preloaded with 3H-5-HT was almost 3-fold higher (70-240 min.) than that seen after preloading with 3H-NA. Cocaine (3 x 10(-5)M) did not alter the basal 3H-outflow (15-240 min.) from tissue preloaded with 3H-5-HT, while pargyline (5 x 10(-4)M) decreased it by about 66% (100-240 min.). Electrical-field stimulation (S1-S7, 200 mA, 600 pulses, 0.5 msec., 3 Hz) were applied to the tissue. The initial stimulation-evoked 3H-overflow from aorta preloaded with 3H-5-HT was higher than the subsequent ones (S1-S7; 100, 35, 35, 35, 35, 37, and 40%). Similar results to these were obtained with tissues preloaded with 3H-NA. The stimulation (S1-S7; 200 mA). 600 pulses, 0.5 msec, 3 Hz)-evoked 3H-overflow increased in an apparent linear manner with the amount of current used (50-200 mA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Video occupant detection for airbag deployment (2002)

When an airbag deploys on a rear-facing infant seat, it can injure or kill the infant. When an airbag deploys on an empty seat, the airbag and the money to replace it are wasted. We have shown that video images can be used to determine whether or not to deploy the passenger-side airbag in a crash. Images of the passenger seat, taken from a video camera mounted inside the vehicle, can be used to classify the seat as either empty, containing a rear-facing infant seat, or occupied. Our first experiment used a single, monochrome video camera. The system was automatically trained on a series of test images. Using a principle components (eigenimages) nearest neighbor classifier, it achieved a correct classification rate of 99.5% on a test of 910 images. Our second experiment used a pair of monochrome video cameras to compute stereo disparity (a function of 3D range) instead of intensity images. Using a similar algorithm, the second approach achieved a correct classification rate of 95.1% on a test of 890 images. The stereo technique has the advantage of being less sensitive to illumination, and would likely work best in a real system.
Differential tracking system by geometrical segmentation of source space with coded laser beams (2003)

We describe a differential tracking system (DTS) based on differential pulse code modulation channel. A laser beam web is employed to segment and differentiate the source space and measure the quantized source velocity vector. DTS can track a source in N position with only O(1) sensors in each dimension.
Synthesis of Positively and Negatively Charged CeO2 Nanoparticles: Investigation of the Role of Surface Charge on Growth and Development of Drosophila melanogaster (2019)

Monodispersed cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs) with positive and negative surface potential were synthesized by co-precipitation method using hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), respectively, as precipitating agents. Synthesized NPs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Positively charged NPs of about 30 ± 10 nm in size formed within 5 h, aggregated in number, and resulted in larger-sized NPs as a function of time. The CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs were administered to <i>Drosophila</i> as a part of their diet to study the effects on the growth and development of <i>Drosophila</i>. While the positively charged NPs did not affect the growth of the third instar larvae, the negatively charged NPs delayed the growth of larvae by about 7 days. It required 7 more days to reach the stage of adult fly. TEM imaging of the larvae gut showed that positively charged NPs were found to be smaller, whereas the size of negatively charged NPs remained unchanged. This biodegradability could be the reason for the delayed larvae growth in the case of negatively charged particles. The distance covered by such second instar larvae fed with diet containing negatively charged CeO<sub>2</sub> NPs was significantly lower, and their size was significantly smaller when compared to the crawling activity and size of the third instar larvae of the control group. Such positively charged NPs have high potential for use as drug delivery carriers for the treatment of disease, and negatively charged NPs may play a rather detrimental role.
The economics of high-duty-factor, high-average-power diode-pumped solid-state-lasers (DPSSLs) (2002)

We are engaged in the development of a suite of prototype high-average-power, high duty-factor DPSSLs for use in various military and civilian applications. Because the pump array is anticipated to be the biggest cost driver in these laser systems, we emphasize array manufacturing process development and costing in this presentation. We forego the more business-contingent topic of product pricing. For the mentioned DPSSLs to be economically viable, we estimate that a pump array OEM manufacturing unit cost of goods (COG) below a few dollars per average watt will be necessary. Is this a reasonable expectation at the OEM array production levels anticipated or the associated applications? We conclude it is, provided 1) the basic manufactured unit produces about 100 watts of average power with adequately long operating life (typically >10,000 hours or >10/sup 10/ shots); and 2) a low-cost, highly-reliable, mass-manufacturable cooler is developed that is amenable to 2-D stacking at a high packing density (/spl sim/500 watts average per cm/sup 2/). To implement this low-cost, high-duty-factor pump array strategy, and to provide progressively more quantitative cost and performance information upon which to base strategic programmatic decisions, we adopted and significantly further developed the silicon microchannel cooler approach first reported by Tuckerman and Pease (1981).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells activated by bacteria or by bacteria-stimulated epithelial cells are functionally different (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to open the tight junctions between adjacent epithelial cells (ECs) and to take up both invasive and noninvasive bacteria directly from the intestinal lumen. In this study, we describe a tight cross talk between ECs and human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) in bacterial handling across epithelial monolayers. We show that the release of proinflammatory mediators by ECs in response to bacteria is dependent on bacterial invasiveness and on the presence of flagella. This correlates with the capacity of EC-derived factors to modulate MoDC function. MoDCs incubated with supernatants of bacteria-treated ECs are "noninflammatory" as they release interleukin-10 (IL-10) but not IL-12 and can drive only T helper (Th)-2 type T cells. Moreover, noninflammatory MoDCs release chemokines aimed at recruiting Th2 and T-regulatory cells. In contrast, when MoDCs are incubated with ECs and bacteria in a transwell coculture system, and can contact directly the bacteria across stimulated EC monolayers, they are more inflammatory as they release IL-12 and IL-10 and induce both Th1 and Th2 responses. These results suggest that ECs are not simply a barrier to bacteria entering via the oral route, but they actively influence the activating properties of DCs.
Embryo Root Cap Cells Adhere to the Megagametophyte and Sheathe the Radicle of White Spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss.) Seeds Following Germination (1997)

In all seeds of the Pinaceae, after germination is complete, the radicle is ensheathed in a translucent tissue of elongated cells that it eventually penetrates. When germinated seeds of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss.) are bisected and the embryo is removed, these elongated cells adhere to the micropylar end of the megagametophyte. These same cells are present at the chalazal end of the megagametophyte in seeds with inverted embryos. The cells adhering to the micropylar end of the megagametophyte after radicle protrusion are histochemically similar to the cells of the embryo root cap but not to those of the radicle, megagametophyte, or nucellus. The elongated cells are diploid, as determined by fluorographic intensity after DNA staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride and flow cytometry, indicating embryonic origin. They are not part of the megagametophyte in mature ungerminated seeds, in seeds that have not completed germination, or in seeds that have had their testae removed in liquid nitrogen and the micropylar end of the nucellus and megagametophyte excised surgically prior to imbibition. Excised embryos grown on Murashige and Skoog minimum organics media supplemented with 6% w/v sucrose grow and produce elongated cells that sheath the radicle. We conclude that the elongated cells ensheathing the radicle are derived from the embryonic root cap.
The Influence of Engravings on the Sticking of Tablets. Investigations with an Instrumented Upper Punch (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of engravings on the sticking of tablets. Therefore, an instrumented upper punch capable of measuring the pull-off force, which occurs when the punch detaches itself from the upper surface of a tablet, was equipped with small cones of different angles between the punch face and the cones' lateral face. The cones could be screwed into a threaded hole at the center of the punch face. The adhesion forces of two formulations known to stick to engravings during production increased with a greater steepness of the cones' lateral face. With microencapsulated acetylsalicylic acid, no quantitative differences could be found between the adhesion forces obtained with plain and modified punch faces, indicating that the sticking behavior of the substance was not affected by shear forces. Starch 1500 showed higher adhesion force signals in comparison to those obtained with a plain punch face. Microcrystalline cellulose, which gave no adhesion force signals with a plain punch face and did not stick to the cones, showed distinct pull-off signals. The instrumented upper punch equipped with shear cones is a valuable instrument for detecting the adhesion caused by engravings and is therefore a helpful tool for tablet formulation development and the design optimization of tablet identification.
Laser writing of nonlinear optical properties in silver-doped phosphate glass (2017)

The formation of both local second- and third-harmonic generations (SHG and THG) induced by a train of femtosecond laser pulses in silver-doped phosphate glasses is addressed. Based on modeling calculations, including various diffusion and kinetic processes, THG is shown to result from the formation of silver clusters. The latter organize into a ring-shape structure, leading to the emergence of a static electric field. By breaking the glass centro-symmetry, this field gives rise to a local effective second-order susceptibility, inducing SHG. Both theoretically predicted SHG and THG evolutions with respect to the number of pulses in the train are in good agreement with experimental observations. In particular, the observed reaching of a maximum in the nonlinear optical responses after a few thousands of pulses is explained by the competition of various physical processes. A cooling of the glass is shown to improve the process efficiency of the laser writing of second-order nonlinearity.
Molecular Encapsulation of Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) Based π‐Conjugated Polymers: A Tool for Understanding Photoluminescence (2021)

Abstract Conjugated polymers are an important class of chromophores for optoelectronic devices. Understanding and controlling their excited state properties, in particular, radiative and non‐radiative recombination processes are among the greatest challenges that must be overcome. We report the synthesis and characterization of a molecularly encapsulated naphthalene diimide‐based polymer, one of the most successfully used motifs, and explore its structural and optical properties. The molecular encapsulation enables a detailed understanding of the effect of interpolymer interactions. We reveal that the non‐encapsulated analogue P(NDI‐2OD‐T) undergoes aggregation enhanced emission; an effect that is suppressed upon encapsulation due to an increasing π‐interchain stacking distance. This suggests that decreasing π‐stacking distances may be an attractive method to enhance the radiative properties of conjugated polymers in contrast to the current paradigm where it is viewed as a source of optical quenching.
Expression of Penile Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Variants in the Rat and Mouse Penile Nerves1 (2000)

Penile erection is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the rat penis, the main nNOS mRNA variant, PnNOS, differs from cerebellar nNOS (CnNOS) by a 102 base pair insert encoding a 34-amino acid sequence. In the mouse, two nNOS mRNAs have been identified: nNOSalpha, encoding a 155-kDa protein, and an exon 2-deletion variant, nNOSbeta, encoding a 135-kDa protein that lacks a domain where a protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN) binds. We wished to determine whether PnNOSalpha and beta are expressed in the rat penis and are located in the nerves and whether the beta form persists in the potent nNOS knock-out mouse (nNOS( big up tri, open big up tri, open)). A PnNOS antibody against the insert common to both PnNOSalpha and beta detected the expected 155-kDa protein in PnNOSalpha-transfected cells. This antibody, and the one common to PnNOS/CnNOS, showed (on Western blots) the 155- and 135-kDa nNOS variants in rat penile tissue during development and aging. PnNOSalpha mRNA and its subvariants were found as the main nNOS in the penile corpora, the cavernosal nerve, and the pelvic ganglia, with lower levels of PnNOSbeta mRNA. In tissue sections, PnNOS protein was immunodetected in the penile nerve endings in the rat and in the nNOS wild-type and nNOS( big up tri, open big up tri, open) mice. An antibody against the sequence encoded by exon 2 did not react (on Western blots) with the 135-kDa band, which confirms that this protein is the beta form. In conclusion, both PnNOSalpha and beta are expressed in the rat penis at all ages and are located in the nerves. The beta form may allow nitric oxide synthesis during erection to be partially insensitive to PIN. The residual expression of PnNOS, and possibly CnNOS, in the penis of the nNOS( big up tri, open big up tri, open) mouse occurs through transcription of the beta mRNA, and this may explain the retention of erectile function when the expression of nNOSalpha is disrupted.
Direct Regulatory Role of NKT Cells in Allogeneic Graft Survival Is Dependent on the Quantitative Strength of Antigenicity (2005)

The role of NKT cells during immune responses is diverse, ranging from antiviral and antitumor activity to the regulation of autoimmune diseases; however, the regulatory function of CD1d-dependent NKT cells in rejection responses against allogeneic graft is uncertain. In this study, we demonstrated the direct regulatory effects of CD1d-dependent NKT cells using an allogeneic skin transplantation model. H-Y-mismatched skin graft survival was shortened in CD1d-/- recipients compared with wild-type recipients. Adoptive transfer of syngeneic NKT cells via splenocytes or hepatic mononuclear cells into CD1d-/- recipients restored graft survival times to those of wild-type recipients. alpha-Galactosylceramide, a specific activator of NKT cells, further prolonged graft survival. Although CD1d-dependent NKT cells did not extend skin graft survival in either major or complete minor histocompatibility-mismatched models, these cells affected graft survival in minor Ag mismatch models according to the magnitude of the antigenic difference. The afferent arm of NKT cell activation during transplantation required CD1d molecules expressed on host APCs and the migration of CD1d-dependent NKT cells into grafts. Moreover, the regulatory effects of CD1d-dependent NKT cells against alloantigen were primarily IL-10 dependent. Taken together, we concluded that CD1d-dependent NKT cells may directly affect the outcome of allogeneic skin graft through an IL-10-dependent regulatory mechanism.
Structure-Function Analysis of the Glioma Targeting NFL-TBS.40-63 Peptide Corresponding to the Tubulin-Binding Site on the Light Neurofilament Subunit (2012)

We previously reported that a 24 amino acid peptide (NFL-TBS.40-63) corresponding to the tubulin-binding site located on the light neurofilament subunit, selectively enters in glioblastoma cells where it disrupts their microtubule network and inhibits their proliferation. Here, we analyzed the structure-function relationships using an alanine-scanning strategy, in order to identify residues essential for these biological activities. We showed that the majority of modified peptides present a decreased or total loss to penetrate in these cells, or to alter microtubules. Correspondingly, circular dichroism measurements showed that this peptide forms either β-sheet or α-helix structures according to the solvent and that alanine substitution modified or destabilized the structure, in relation with changes in the biological activities. Moreover, substitution of serine residues by phosphoserine or aspartic acid concomitantly decreased the cell penetrating activity and the structure stability. These results indicate the importance of structure for the activities, including selectivity to glioblastoma cells of this peptide, and its regulation by phosphorylation.
Controlling Light with Light in On-Chip Nanophotonic Structures (2005)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Lipson, "Controlling Light with Light in On-Chip Nanophotonic Structures," in Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics for Information Systems, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper ITuC2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article