gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low temperature integration of hybrid CMOS devices on plastic substrates (2009)

The development of flexible complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits reduces power consumption by ~50x compared to n-type (or p-type) only thin film transistor (TFT) digital circuits. In this work we demonstrate a new integration approach to fabricate CMOS circuits on plastic substrates (Poly-ethylene naphthalene, PEN). We use pentacene and amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistors for p-type and n-type devices, respectively. The maximum processing temperature for n-type TFTs is 180degC and 120degC for the p-type TFTs. CMOS circuits demonstrated include inverters, NAND and NOR gates. nMOS and pMOS carrier mobility achieved after the CMOS integration process flow are 1.0 and 0.05 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s, respectively. Threshold voltages (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) are 3.89 V for nMOS and -1.89 V for pMOS. The voltage transfer curve of the CMOS inverter showed a gain of 16. Correct logic operation of integrated flexible NAND and NOR CMOS gates are reported.
Quasi-phase matched difference-frequency generator with adhered ridge waveguide fabricated by dry etching method (2005)

We demonstrate 13 mm-long quasi-phase-matched difference-frequency generation device with adhered ridge waveguides fabricated by ECR-RIE dry etching method in periodically poled Zn:LN. The obtained SHG normalized conversion efficiency was 260%/Wcm/sup 2/ in the telecommunication band.
Molecular design through spectroscopic insights (1994)

Vibrational spectroscopy has provided significant insights into both the organization and order of long chain molecules in thin film geometries. Understanding the role of molecular architecture in determining orientation is also essential if the ultimate goal of establishing a design protocol for thin film structures is to be achieved. For more than a decade our work has focused on the use of chemistry to design novel molecules which can organize into unique morphologies on a surface and at interfaces. Rigid and flexible side chains and spacer groups, intermolecular bonding moieties and functional end groups have all been incorporated into long chain molecules and their effect on the structural organization studied by polarized IR and Raman spectroscopy as well as other surface sensitive techniques (XPS, neutron reflectivity, NEXAFS, ellipsometry and wetting).
Single-component silicon-based patterning materials for EUV lithography (2023)

A single-component silsesquioxane (SQ)-based material was developed and investigated for patterning in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. This negative-tone SQ-material is soluble in the industry standard aqueous alkali developer 2.38wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). Early experiments using electron beam (EB) lithography showed pattern capability in resolving 18nm line patterns (exposure dose: 2000 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>). After numerous screening evaluations using EB lithography, one variant was selected for patterning evaluation with EUV lithography. Patterning resolution was confirmed at 19nm line patterns (exposure dose: 200 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>), with evidence of pattern modulation down to 15nm. As revealed in these preliminary patterning investigations, low sensitivity is the obvious issue. To understand the reaction mechanisms of this SQ-based material, various analyses were also carried out. Results reveal the occurrence of direct photo-crosslinking (no main scission) of Si-O-Si bonds from the decomposition of Si-OH components on exposure, resulting in insolubility in the developer solution (negative tone). Lastly, to address the sensitivity issue, the application of what we refer to as “Sensitivity Enhancer Unit” was utilized. EB lithography results show an improvement in sensitivity indicating a possible solution to the low sensitivity issue. These results show the potential applicability of the single-component SQ-based patterning material for both EUV and EB lithography.
Surface sampling concentration and reaction probe with controller to adjust sampling position (2023)

A method of analyzing a chemical composition of a specimen is described. The method can include providing a probe comprising an outer capillary tube and an inner capillary tube disposed co-axially within the outer capillary tube, where the inner and outer capillary tubes define a solvent capillary and a sampling capillary in fluid communication with one another at a distal end of the probe; contacting a target site on a surface of a specimen with a solvent in fluid communication with the probe; maintaining a plug volume proximate a solvent-specimen interface, wherein the plug volume is in fluid communication with the probe; draining plug sampling fluid from the plug volume through the sampling capillary; and analyzing a chemical composition of the plug sampling fluid with an analytical instrument. A system for performing the method is also described.
Preface to the Fundamental Interfacial Science for Energy Applications Special Issue (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPrefaceNEXTPreface to the Fundamental Interfacial Science for Energy Applications Special IssueKeith J. Stevenson, Debra R. Rolison, and Richard M. CrooksView Author Information Skolkolvo Institute of Science and Technology U.S. Naval Research Laboratory The University of Texas at AustinCite this: Langmuir 2017, 33, 37, 9245Publication Date (Web):September 19, 2017Publication History Published online19 September 2017Published inissue 19 September 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02192https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02192editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views637Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (115 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Energy conversion,Energy storage,Interfaces,Materials,Solar energy Get e-Alerts
Scope of the Directed Dihydroxylation: Application to Cyclic Homoallylic Alcohols and Trihaloacetamides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highest transmittance and high-mobility amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide films on flexible substrate by room-temperature deposition and post-deposition anneals (2011)

Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films of the highest transmittance reported in literature were initially deposited onto flexible polymer substrates at room temperature. The films were annealed in vacuum, air, and oxygen to enhance their electrical and optical performances. Electrical and optical characterizations were done before and after anneals. A partial reversal of the degradation in electrical properties upon annealing in oxygen was achieved by subjecting the films to subsequent vacuum anneals. A model was developed based on film texture and structural defects which showed close agreement between the measured and calculated carrier mobility values at low carrier concentrations (2–6 × 1019 cm−3).
Ada Compiler Validation Implementers' Guide, (1980)

This report is one of the documents being produced as part of the Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC). The primary purpose of the ACVC is to help in deciding whether Ada translators conform to be the Ada language standard. A secondary purpose is to help Ada implementers comply with the Ada standard.
The First Organocatalytic Hetero-Domino Knoevenagel-Diels-Alder-Epimerization Reactions: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indan]-1′,3′,4-triones (2003)

l-Proline and pyrrolidine catalyzed the three component hetero-domino Knoevenagel-Diels-Alder-Epimerization reactions of readily available precursors enones 1a-i, arylaldehydes 2a-i and 1,3-indandione 3 to furnish highly substituted prochiral spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indan]-1′,3′,4-triones 5a-i in a highly diastereo­selective fashion with excellent yields. We demonstrate the first l-proline and pyrrolidine catalyzed epimerization reactions of trans-spiranes 6a-i to cis-spiranes 5a-i. Prochiral spiranes 5a-i are excellent­ starting materials for the synthesis of benzoannelated centro­polyquinanes.
Inelastic Deformation of Copper Nanoparticle Based Joints and Bonds (2021)

Abstract The inelastic deformation properties of sintered metal nanoparticle joints are complicated by the inherent nanocrystalline and nanoporous structures, as well as by dislocation networks formed in sintering or under cyclic loading. Creep rates of sintered nanocopper structures were found to be dominated by the diffusion of individual atoms or vacancies, while dislocation motion remained negligible up to stresses far above those of practical interest. Rapid sintering of one material led to unstable structures with particularly narrow necks between Cu particles and a dense network of dislocations. Creep rates were dominated by dislocation core diffusion within the necks to the nearest open pore surfaces. Exposure to elevated temperatures led to coarsening of the necks and, importantly, annihilation of dislocations, which reduced the creep strongly. Longer sintering of another material led to wider necks without excess dislocations and thus more stable structures. Creep rates were dominated by grain boundary diffusion within the necks and could be strongly enhanced by subsequent work hardening in mild cycling.
Origin of the Red Color of Satsuma Copper‐Ruby Glass as Determined by EXAFS and Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (1999)

The origin of the ruby color of Satsuma glass, a famous copper‐ruby glass produced in Japan in the mid‐19th century, has been examined by electron microprobe analysis (EPMA), X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), and optical absorption spectroscopy analyses. Cu K XAFS analysis reveals that the major component of copper in the ruby glass consists of Cu(I) ions in the glass structure. This species is distinct from Cu 2 O (cuprite), which we conclude is not responsible for the ruby color. Optical absorption spectra measured at 300 and 77 K clearly distinguishes the absorptions due to the colloidal particles of metallic copper and Cu 2 O. It is concluded that the trace amount of copper in the ruby glass, which is below the detection limit of the EPMA and XAFS techniques, exists as metallic copper particles of nanometer size and is responsible for the ruby‐red appearance of the Satsuma glass.
Toward Effective Service Scheduling for Human Drivers in Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems (2012)

It is essential to consider drivers' perceptions and reactions when building Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems (VCPS) since the effectiveness and efficiency of VCPS will largely depend on how drivers could benefit from such a system. This paper considers, for the first time, novel service scheduling problems from a Human Factors (HF) standpoint by taking into consideration the following fact: a driver may not be able to receive more than one service in a short period of time, even if multiple services can be transmitted to the driver from the conventional communications and networking standpoint. We study a family of the HF-aware Service Scheduling (HFSS) Problems, where the goal is to deliver up to n services, each having a time-dependent (and possibly decreasing) utility to a subset of intended drivers so as to minimize the system-wide total utility loss due to unsuccessful delivery of some services. We show that such problems are different from all existing problems. We formulate the basic HFSS problem (BHFSSP) using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and prove its NP-Completeness. We then propose efficient heuristics for BHFSSP and its more general versions, and present numerical results from large-scale test cases. We also address several practical issues related to wireless transmission failures, distributed implementation in the multisender scenario, and other HF related considerations.
Tight-binding molecular-dynamics study of defects in silicon (1991)

A tight-binding molecular-dynamics scheme is shown to have the efficiency and accuracy to study complex Si systems. We first establish the reliability of the scheme by showing that simulation results of liquid Si are nearly identical to ab initio (Car-Parrinello) results. The ability of the method to study complex systems is demonstrated by calculating defect formation energies and atomic configurations around vacancies and self-interstitials, with simulation unit cells of up to 512 atoms. The calculated formation energies compare well with first-principles results.
Asymmetric [3+2] Photocycloadditions of Cyclopropanes with Alkenes or Alkynes through Visible‐Light Excitation of Catalyst‐Bound Substrates (2018)

Abstract The herein reported visible‐light‐activated catalytic asymmetric [3+2] photocycloadditions between cyclopropanes and alkenes or alkynes provide access to chiral cyclopentanes and cyclopentenes, respectively, in 63–99 % yields and with excellent enantioselectivities of up to &gt;99 % ee . The reactions are catalyzed by a single bis‐cyclometalated chiral‐at‐metal rhodium complex (2–8 mol %) which after coordination to the cyclopropane generates the visible‐light‐absorbing complex, lowers the reduction potential of the cyclopropane, and provides the asymmetric induction and overall stereocontrol. Enabled by a mild single‐electron‐transfer reduction of directly photoexcited catalyst/substrate complexes, the presented transformations expand the scope of catalytic asymmetric photocycloadditions to simple mono‐acceptor‐substituted cyclopropanes affording previously inaccessible chiral cyclopentane and cyclopentene derivatives.
Highly Sensitive, Gate-Tunable, Room-Temperature Mid-Infrared Photodetection Based on Graphene–Bi2Se3 Heterostructure (2017)

Broadband detection of mid-infrared (IR) photons extends to advanced optoelectronic applications such as imaging, sensing, and telecommunications. While graphene offers an attractive platform for broadband visible/IR photodetection, previous efforts to improve its responsivity, for example, by integrating light-absorbing colloids or waveguide or antenna fabrication, were achieved at the cost of reduced photon detection bandwidth. In this work, we demonstrate room-temperature operation of a novel mid-IR photodetector based on a graphene–Bi2Se3 heterostructure showing broadband detection and high responsivity (1.97 and 8.18 A/W at mid- and near-IR, respectively), in which simultaneous improvement of the spectral range and responsivity is achieved via exploiting broadband absorption of mid-IR and IR photons in a small-band-gap Bi2Se3 topological insulator and efficient hot carrier separation and strong photogating across the Bi2Se3/graphene interface. With sufficient room for further improvement by interface engineering, our results show a promising route to realize ultrabroadband, high-responsivity hot-carrier optoelectronics at room temperature.
Functional Optical Building Blocks of an MR Headset (2020)

Now that we have analyzed the specifics of the human visual system and defined the various optical specifications necessary for a comfortable visual MR experience, we are ready to start to design and optimize the display system and optical architecture.
TORA example: cascade- and passivity-based control designs (1996)

We consider the problem of feedback stabilization of translational oscillations by a rotational actuator (TORA) system. The main obstacle to controller design is nonlinear coupling from the rotational to the translational motion through a sinusoidal term. We present several controller designs based on the cascade and passivity paradigms.
Computer-Assisted Planning and Navigation for Corrective Distal Radius Osteotomy, Based on Pre- and Intraoperative Imaging (2010)

Malunion after a distal radius fracture is very common and if symptomatic, is treated with a so-called corrective osteotomy. In a traditional distal radius osteotomy, the radius is cut at the fracture site and a wedge is inserted in the osteotomy gap to correct the distal radius pose. The standard procedure uses two orthogonal radiographs to estimate the two inclination angles and the dimensions of the wedge to be inserted into the osteotomy gap. However, optimal correction in 3-Dspace requires restoring three angles and three displacements. This paper introduces a new technique that uses preoperative planning based on 3-D images. Intraoperative 3-D imaging is also used after inserting pins with marker tools in the proximal and distal part of the radius and before the osteotomy. Positioning tools are developed to correct the distal radius pose in six degrees of freedom by navigating the pins. The method is accurate ( d 1.2 mm, ϕ 0.9°, m TRE = 1.7 mm), highly reproducible (SE (d) < 1.0 mm, SE (ϕ) ≤ 1.4°, SE (m) (TRE) = 0.7 mm), and allows intraoperative evaluation of the end result. Small incisions for pin placement and for the osteotomy render the method minimally invasive.
Nature’s Dendrimer: Characterizing Amylopectin as a Multivalent Host (2013)

Hang on to those branches! Amylopectin, the major polysaccharide of starch, is a predominantly α(1,4)-linked glucan whose properties are defined by its size and the number, distribution, and length of its α(1,6)-linked branches. The amphiphilic probe HPTS-C16 H33 binds to terminal helical branches longer than 12 glucose units (green), which allows for a detailed quantitative characterization of polysaccharide branching by (1) H NMR spectroscopy.
Heterobimetallic Dinitrogen Complexes That Contain the {[N3N]Mo−NN}-Ligand (1998)

{[N3N]Mo−NN}2Mg(THF)2 reacts with FeCl2 at −20 °C in a mixture of ether, THF, and toluene to yield paramagnetic {[N3N]Mo−NN}3Fe (1), an X-ray study of which shows it to contain iron in a trigonal planar environment. X-band ESR, iron-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility studies of 1 confirm that it contains high-spin Fe(III) in an anisotropic magnetic environment. Addition of DMPE to toluene solutions of 1 results in loss of [N3N]MoN2 from the coordination sphere to give {[N3N]Mo−NN}2Fe(DMPE) (2). SQUID magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer data are in accord with formulation of 2 as a high-spin Fe(II) complex. {[N3N]Mo−NN}2Mg(THF)2 reacts with VCl4(DME) and VCl3(THF)3 in THF to give paramagnetic {[N3N]Mo−NN}3VCl (3) in 28−42% yield. A second paramagnetic complex is also produced in these reactions and has been identified by X-ray crystallography as {[N3N]Mo−NN}2VCl(THF) (4). Several zirconium/molybdenum dinitrogen complexes have been prepared by the reaction between {[N3N]Mo−NN}2Mg(THF)2 and ZrCl4(THF)2, and {[N3N]Mo−NN}2ZrCl2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
1H, 19F and 13C NMR assignments of 5,7‐dihalogenated kynurenic acid derivatives (1991)

Abstract 1 H, 19 F and 13 C chemical shift assignments and 1 H– 1 H, 1 H– 19 F, 19 F– 19 F and 19 F− 13 C coupling constants for nine 5,7‐dihalogenated kynurenic acid derivatives are reported. Data and assignments are based on 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
A fast and novel internal calibration method for quantitative Raman measurements on aqueous solutions (2018)

Quantitative Raman spectroscopy despite the experimental parameter variations and overlapping solute and solvent Raman bands.
Precision instrument placement using a 4-DOF robot with integrated fiducials for minimally invasive interventions (2007)

Minimally invasive procedures are increasingly attractive to patients and medical personnel because they can reduce operative trauma, recovery times, and overall costs. However, during these procedures, the physician has a very limited view of the interventional field and the exact position of surgical instruments. We present an image-guided platform for precision placement of surgical instruments based upon a small four degree-of-freedom robot (B-RobII; ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH, Vienna, Austria). This platform includes a custom instrument guide with an integrated spiral fiducial pattern as the robot's end-effector, and it uses intra-operative computed tomography (CT) to register the robot to the patient directly before the intervention. The physician can then use a graphical user interface (GUI) to select a path for percutaneous access, and the robot will automatically align the instrument guide along this path. Potential anatomical targets include the liver, kidney, prostate, and spine. This paper describes the robotic platform, workflow, software, and algorithms used by the system. To demonstrate the algorithmic accuracy and suitability of the custom instrument guide, we also present results from experiments as well as estimates of the maximum error between target and instrument tip.
A DOI-dependent extended energy window method to control balance of scatter and true events (2007)

In a conventional PET scanner, coincidence events are limited by the energy window for detection of photoelectric events. In contrast, Compton scatter events occur both in a patient and detector crystals. Scatter events within the patient cause scatter coincidence, but scatter events within crystal have useful information for an activity distribution. The PET scanner with an extended energy window has higher sensitivity but higher scatter fraction than the PET scanner with a default energy window. In this work, we develop a scatter reduction method using a depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector. The DOI detector can make an upper layer act as an absorber of patient scatter for a lower layer. Therefore, crystal scatter with an interacting lower layer has a potential to discriminate patient scatter. Our method has a different energy window for each layer. The energy window of the upper layer is limited to the region of photoelectric events. The energy window of the lower layer is extended to the region of crystal scatter and photoelectric events. We applied our proposal technique for a whole-body PET scanner using GATE simulation. The DOI-PET scanner can provide more true events while keeping a low scatter fraction using this scatter reduction method. Based on simulation results, this method is judged to be promising for obtaining high image quality using DOI information and energy information.
SP449GLYCATED ALBUMIN DOSAGE IN DIABETIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A MORE APPROPRIATE MARKER OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ALBUMIN DOSAGE IN DIABETIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A MORE APPROPRIATE MARKER OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (2017)

LDL)-cholesterol (C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, RLP-C, oxidized-LDL, lipoprotein lipase, and blood hemoglobin (Hb) A1c were measured.RESULTS: HbA1c decreased in teneligliptin group and marginally significantly decreased in control group.FPG and RLP-C significantly decreased in teneligliptin group.After 12 weeks of trial, the decrease in HbA1c levels was significantly higher in teneligliptin group than in the control group.