gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual targeting of CTLA-4 and CD47 on T reg cells promotes immunity against solid tumors (2021)

Blockade of CD47, the "do not eat me" signal, has limited effects in solid tumors despite its potent antitumor effects in hematopoietic malignancies. Taking advantage of the high expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) on T<sub>reg</sub> cells and abundant Fc receptor-expressing active phagocytes inside the tumor microenvironment (TME), we designed and tested a heterodimer combining an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, which targets T<sub>reg</sub> cells, with the CD47 ligand, signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), to selectively block CD47 on intratumoral T<sub>reg</sub> cells. We hypothesized that heterodimer treatment would increase antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of the targeted T<sub>reg</sub> cells. We found that anti-CTLA-4×SIRPα preferentially depleted ICOS<sup>high</sup> immunosuppressive T<sub>reg</sub> cells in the TME and enhanced immunity against solid tumors, including MC38 and CT26 murine colon cancers. Mechanistically, we found that CD47 expression on T<sub>reg</sub> cells limited anti-CTLA-4-mediated depletion and Fc on the heterodimer-enhanced depletion. Furthermore, anti-human CTLA-4×SIRPα depleted tumor T<sub>reg</sub> cells and exhibits less toxicity than anti-human CTLA-4 in a humanized mouse model. Collectively, these results demonstrate that simultaneously modulating both "eat me" and do not eat me signals induces T<sub>reg</sub> cell depletion inside the TME and may be an effective strategy for treating solid tumors.
Full C-band Tunable MEMS-VCSEL for Next Generation G.metro Mobile Front- and Backhauling (2017)

We report full C-band tunable, 10 Gbit/s capability, directly modulated MEMS-VCSEL for next generation converged mobile fronthaul and backhaul applications. Bit error rates below 10(-9) were achieved over up to 40 km SSMF.
Organic Chemistry 2012 (2013)

Proton coupled and decoupled (13)C, (1)H, (15)N, DEPT, COSY, HETCOR and INADEQUATE NMR spectra of 3-piperidino-propylamine (3-pipa) have been reported for the first time. In order to provide a precise structural elucidation, the magnitude of (n)J(C, H) (n=1, 2, 3) coupling constants of 3-pipa (C(8)H(18)N(2)) have been determined. Solvent effects on chemical shifts have been investigated by using CDCl(3) and DMSO. Molecular mobility of the title molecule has also been investigated by performing (13)C NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1)) measurements. (13)C, (1)H and (15)N NMR chemical shifts and (1-3)J(C, H) coupling constants of 3-pipa have been calculated by means of B3LYP density functional method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Comparison between the experimental and the theoretical results indicates that density functional B3LYP method is able to provide satisfactory results for predicting NMR properties.
Rate-Maximizing Power Allocation in OFDM Based on Partial Channel Knowledge (2004)

Power loading algorithms improve the data rates of OFDM systems. However, they require the transmitter to have perfect channel state information, which is impossible in most wireless systems. We investigate the effects of imperfect (and thus partial) channel feedback on the achievable rates of OFDM systems. Two cases are studied: i) ergodic channels, where average rate is the figure of merit; and ii) quasistatic channels, where the outage rate is relevant. Power loading algorithms and the effects of channel multipath are investigated analytically and with simulations.
Nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor ameliorate cholestatic liver injury (2005)

Cholestasis is associated with accumulation of bile acids and lipids, and liver injury. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) are xenobiotic nuclear receptors that coordinate protective hepatic responses to potentially toxic stimuli, including bile acids. We investigated the role of these receptors in the regulation of bile acid and lipid metabolism in a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of cholestasis applied to receptor knockout mice. Hepatic damage from bile acid accumulation was increased in both CAR knockout (CARKO) and PXR knockout mice, but bile acid concentrations were lower in CARKO mice. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was elevated in CARKO mice, and serum total cholesterol increased less in CARKO or PXR knockout mice than WT mice after BDL. Gene expression analysis of the BDL knockout animals demonstrated that, in response to cholestasis, PXR and CAR both repressed and induced the specific hepatic membrane transporters Oatp-c (organic anion transporting polypeptide C) and Oatp2 (Na+-dependent organic anion transporter 2), respectively. Induction of the xenobiotic transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 in cholestasis was independent of either PXR or CAR, in contrast to the known pattern of induction of multidrug resistance protein 1 by xenobiotics. These results demonstrate that CAR and PXR influence cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis, as well as multiple detoxification pathways, and suggest their potential role as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cholestasis and lipid disorders.
House Sparrows Vary Seasonally in Their Ability to Transmit West Nile Virus (2023)

AbstractSeasonality in infectious disease prevalence is predominantly attributed to changes in exogenous risk factors. For vectored pathogens, high abundance, activity, and/or diversity of vectors can exacerbate disease risk for hosts. Conversely, many host defenses, particularly immune responses, are seasonally variable. Seasonality in host defenses has been attributed, in part, to the proximate (i.e., metabolic) and ultimate (i.e., reproductive fitness) costs of defense. In this study, our goal was to discern whether any seasonality is observable in how a common avian host, the house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>), copes with a common zoonotic arbovirus, the West Nile virus (WNV), when hosts are studied under controlled conditions. We hypothesized that if host biorhythms play a role in vector-borne disease seasonality, birds would be most vulnerable to WNV when breeding and/or molting (i.e., when other costly physiological activities are underway) and thus most transmissive of WNV at these times of year (unless birds died from infection). Overall, the results only partly supported our hypothesis. Birds were most transmissive of WNV in fall (after their molt is complete and when WNV is most prevalent in the environment), but WNV resistance, WNV tolerance, and WNV-dependent mortality did not vary among seasons. These results collectively imply that natural arboviral cycles could be partially underpinned by endogenous physiological changes in hosts. However, other disease systems warrant study, as this result could be specific to the nonnative and highly commensal nature of the house sparrow or a consequence of the relative recency of the arrival of WNV to the United States.
Characterization of fine particle trapping in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor (2002)

The distribution and transport of fine particles trapped in a radio-frequency (rf) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor was investigated using a laser light scattering technique. Structured clouds of particles were observed at localized regions between the holes below the showerhead. Typically, at a high rate of gas flow, particles emerging from the showerhead holes overshoot the equilibrium position of the particle trap, and the particle clouds in the trap were small and thin (winding mode). At a low rate of gas flow, the particles are directly attracted to the trap locations, and large particle clouds (lumping mode) were observed. The particle number concentration of trapped particles tends to increase with increasing rf power and decrease with increasing particle size. When the gas flow rate is increased, a sharp decrease occurs at a certain flow rate.
Resorbable Membrane Pouch Technique for Single-Implant Placement in the Esthetic Zone: A Preliminary Technical Case Report (2022)

The conventional protocol for lateral guided bone regeneration (GBR) in esthetic areas requires the securing of resorbable collagen membranes using titanium cortical bone pins to immobilize bone grafts. These procedures are highly invasive and can increase patient morbidity and discomfort. Herein, we introduce a minimally invasive novel resorbable membrane pouch technique, wherein collagen membranes can be immobilized by securing them to the periosteum without the need of titanium pins. We describe 11 cases of single-immediate- or delayed-implant placement in the atrophic maxilla esthetic zone. All implants were successful and functional without pain or inflammation and with optimal soft-tissue health and esthetics. Radiographic evaluation with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and esthetic assessment using the pink esthetic score (PES) were performed. At the time of implant placement, the average augmented bone width was 2.8 ± 0.6 mm on CBCT analysis. In all cases, resorption of the augmented bone was confirmed with an average of -1.3 ± 0.8 mm. Soft-tissue outcomes were scored 1 year after permanent restoration. The PES score 1 year after treatment was 11.9 ± 1.4. The resorbable membrane pouch technique with immediate or delayed implant placement for buccal dehiscence in the esthetic area can be predictable and is minimally invasive.
Atrial Fibrillation: Inflammation in Disguise? (2013)

Atrial fibrillation is highly prevalent, and affected patients are at an increased risk of a number of complications, including heart failure and thrombo-embolism. Over the past years, there has been increasing interest in the role of inflammatory processes in atrial fibrillation, from the first occurrence of the arrhythmia to dreaded complications such as strokes or peripheral emboli. As the standard drug combination which aims at rate control and anticoagulation only offers partial protection against complications, newer agents are needed to optimize treatment. In this paper, we review recent knowledge regarding the impact of inflammation on the occurrence, recurrence, perpetuation and complications of the arrhythmia, as well as the role of anti-inflammatory therapies in the treatment for the disease.
A phase II study of atezolizumab as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in patients (pts) with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2017)

TPS8580 Background: Trials of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy have demonstrated an absolute survival benefit of 5% for patients with early stage disease. Atezolizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that inhibits PD-L1 from binding to its receptors PD-1 and B7.1, thereby restoring anti-tumor immune response. In the OAK trial, a randomized phase III trial of patients with metastatic NSCLC who progressed on platinum based chemotherapy, atezolizumab improved overall survival in patients regardless of PD-L1 expression compared with docetaxel (13.8 months vs. 9.6 months, HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.62 – 0.87]) with a manageable safety profile. Methods: NCT02927301 is a phase II, open-label, single-arm study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab as a neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in patients with Stage IB, II, or IIIA NSCLC prior to curative-intent resection. Approximately 180 patients with NSCLC will be enrolled in this study at 15 academic medical centers in the United States. The study has two parts: the primary part will evaluate the ability of neoadjuvant atezolizumab to produce pathologic responses in patients with early stage NSCLC. Atezolizumab 1200 mg IV will be given every 3 weeks for two doses. Surgical resection of tumors following treatment will allow determination of pathologic response rates and potential predictive biomarkers. Part 2 is exploratory and will evaluate atezolizumab adjuvant therapy for up to 12 months in patients who demonstrate clinical benefit in Part 1. The primary endpoint is major pathologic response rate (defined as ≤ 10% of viable tumor tissue) based on surgical resection. Secondary end points include overall response rate by status of mutation load, neoantigen score and gene expression signatures. OS and DFS are exploratory end points. This trial presents a unique opportunity to evaluate exploratory biomarkers given the availability of pre- and post-treatment biopsy specimens for assessment of evolution of immune related markers associated with response. The study opened to accrual in January 2017. Clinical trial information: NCT02927301.
Clinical and In Situ Characterization of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Sjogren’s Syndrome (2022)

Abstract Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has been detected in the minor salivary gland (MSG) tissue of Sjogren’s Syndrome (SjS) patients in the absence of an HBV co-infection. HDV antigen expression was previously shown to trigger an SjS-like phenotype in vivo, demonstrating a cause-and-effect association. We hypothesize that if HDV regulates SjS development, then HDV profiles may correlate with disease manifestations. This retrospective study characterized HDV in a cohort of 48 SjS MSG between 2014-2021. Analyses of HDV antigen (HDAg) expression, including cell type and subcellular localization, in situ hybridization of HDV RNA, and comparative analyses with associated SjS and viral hepatitis clinical features were conducted. HDAg was detected in MSG acinar, ductal, and adipose cells. HDAg localized with nuclei and mitochondria. HDV genomic RNA localized to the nucleus. A significant negative correlation was noted between HDAg intensity and focal lymphocytic inflammation. No significant associations were detected between MSG-localized HDAg and liver enzymes, or an evident HBV co-infection. This study has identified a non-hepatic reservoir for chronic HDV persistence in SjS-affected MSG and a unique mitochondrial localization for HDV antigen. Detection of non-hepatic HDV-mediated disease in the absence of an evident current or past HBV co-infection warrants further investigation.
Controlled Disulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Multiblock Copolymers for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2014)

Structure-property-performance relationships of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymer membranes were investigated for their use in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Multiple series of reactive polysulfone, polyketone, and polynitrile hydrophobic block segments having different block lengths and molecular composition were synthesized and reacted with a disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) hydrophilic block segment by a coupling reaction. Large-scale morphological order of the multiblock copolymers evolved with the increase of block size that gave notable influence on mechanical toughness, water uptake, and proton/methanol transport. Chemical structural changes of the hydrophobic blocks through polar group, fluorination, and bisphenol type allowed further control of the specific properties. DMFC performance was analyzed to elicit the impact of structural variations of the multiblock copolymers. Finally, DMFC performances of selected multiblock copolymers were compared against that of the industrial standard Nafion in the DMFC system.
99MTC-EXAMETAZIME SPECT IN UNMEDICATED PATIENTS WITH ACUTE NON-AFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS (1992)

Ebmeier, K.; Blackwood, D.*; Dougall, N.; Murray, C.; Glabus, M.*; Muir, W.*; Souza, V.*; Walker, M.*; Goodwin, G. Author Information
A comparison of head related transfer function interpolation methods (2002)

In order to achieve realistic synthesized 3-dimensional acoustic fields over headphones, low-order approximations of head related transfer functions (HRTFs) are desirable not only because of the computational complexity reduction, but also because of the potential for allowing listeners to modify the low-order approximation parameters in order to generate interpolated HRTFs that optimize the source localization percept. By fitting the directional component of a HRTF, commonly known as the directional transfer function (DTF), it is possible to achieve low-order systems for the purpose of interpolating HRTFs even if the number of parameters required to approximate the entire HRTF is relatively large. The present paper compares the relative performance of interpolation methods for both all-zero and pole-zero modelling of the DTFs. With the goal of developing better interpolation methods by incorporating subjective preferences, active sensory tuning (AST), which has been previously shown to provide an efficient means of searching through moderate dimensional parameter spaces using subjective feedback, is proposed as a method of providing high quality interpolated DTFs within reasonable time constraints.
Effects of Menopause and Estrogen on Cervical Epithelial Permeability1 (2000)

The objective of the study was to characterize the effect and explore the mechanisms by which menopause affects paracellular permeability of cultured human cervical epithelium. The experimental system was cultures of human ectocervical epithelial (hECE) cells on filters. Assays included flux measurements of cell-impermeable molecules and determinations of transepithelial electrical conductance. hECE cells of postmenopausal women formed epithelia with lower paracellular permeability than hECE cells of premenopausal women. Treatment with estrogen increased paracellular permeability, but levels remained lower compared to cultures from premenopausal women. Lowering extracellular calcium or treatment with cytochalasin-D, conditions that decrease the tight junctional resistance (R(TJ)), increased the permeability, and the relative effects were greater in cells of premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. Treatment of cells with sn-1,2-dioctanoyl diglyceride, an agent that increases the R(TJ), decreased the permeability, and the relative effect was greater in cells of postmenopausal women than in cells of premenopausal women. Estrogen had no significant effect on the responses to low calcium, cytochalasin-D, or sn-1,2-dioctanoyl diglyceride. Hydrostatic and hypertonic gradients in the subluminal to luminal direction, conditions that decrease the resistance of the lateral intercellular space increased the permeability to a similar degree in cultures of cells from premenopausal and from postmenopausal women. Pretreatment with estrogen augmented the increases in permeability in response to hydrostatic and hypertonic gradients. In cells exposed to low extracellular calcium, hydrostatic gradients had an additive increase in permeability. By extrapolation it was determined that in cultures of postmenopausal women R(TJ) contributes 97% to the total paracellular resistance, whereas in hECE cultures of premenopausal women the R(TJ) contributes only 84%. These results indicate that after menopause the transcervical paracellular permeability decreases significantly; this can explain the decrease in lubrication of the cervix and vagina in postmenopausal women. Part of the effect is due to lack of estrogen, and it can be reversed by treatment with the hormone. However, most of the effect is unrelated to estrogen and is caused by an increase in R(TJ).
Mouse PAI-1 promotes placentation by increasing fetal and maternal angiogenesis (2008)

Poster P-428<br/>Poster P-428
Distributed Sensor Array Processing of Wideband Acoustic Signals (1999)

We present performance analysis for source localization when wideband aeroacoustic signals are measured at multiple distributed sensor arrays. The acoustic wavefronts are modeled with perfect spatial coherence over individual arrays and with frequency-selective coherence between distinct arrays, thus allowing for random fluctuations due to the propagation medium when the arrays are widely separated. The signals received by the sensors are modeled as wideband Gaussian random processes, and we study the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on source localization accuracy for varying levels of signal coherence between the arrays and for processing schemes with different levels of complexity. When the wavefronts at distributed arrays exhibit partial coherence, we show that the source localization accuracy is significantly improved if the coherence is exploited in the source localization processing. Further, we show that a distributed processing scheme involving bearing estimation at the individual arrays and time-delay estimation between pairs of sensors performs nearly as well as the optimum scheme that jointly processes the data from all sensors. We discuss tradeoffs between source localization accuracy and the bandwidth required to communicate data from the individual arrays to a central fusion center.
Differential Patterns of Transcriptional Protein Expression May Explain Functional Differences between Hematopoietic Progenitors Derived from Human ESC’s and Fetal Hematopoietic Tissues. (2005)

Abstract Recent studies suggest that development of human embryoid body-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (EB-HPC’s) mirrors that of primitive yolk sac-derived hematopoietic progenitors (YS-HPC’s) in their expression of transcription factors known to be critically associated with hematopoietic development. However, the findings of these studies were limited to molecular characterization of heterogeneous EB cultures rather than analysis of hematopoietic lineage-committed cell subsets. We wondered: 1) if the expression patterns were consistent at the protein level in both bulk EB cultures and subsets of hematopoietic-lineage committed cells; and 2) if these expression patterns differed from those found in definitive HPC’s harvested from early fetal hematopoietic tissues. To answer these questions, we compared the intracellular expression of critical transcriptional regulatory proteins from human and rhesus EB-derived HPC’s (hEB-HPC’s and rEB-HPC’s) with hematopoietic progenitors from rhesus fetal liver (rFL-HPC’s) and rhesus placental blood HPC’s (rPB-HPC’s). Rhesus macaque fetal tissue was used in lieu of scarce human fetal tissues. Using multi-color intracellular flow cytometry we correlated the expression of transcriptional proteins (SCL/TAL1, GATA-1, GATA-2, Oct-3/4, HOXB4) with cell surface determinants of hematopoietic commitment (CD34, CD31, CD45) in hEB-HPC’s, rEB-HPC’s, rFL-HPC’s and rPB-HPC’s. Human and rhesus EB16 cells were harvested from identical culture conditions and compared to 0.34 gestation rFL-HPC’s and rPB-HPC’s. The frequency of CD45+ cells was higher in hEB-HPC’s (31%) and rPB-HPC’s (46%) compared to rFL-HPC’s and rEB-HPC’s. A much higher frequency of GATA-1 and HOXB4 expressing cells was seen in both of the fetal cell types when compared to either rhesus or human EB’s. Additionally, the frequency of GATA-2 and SCL expressing cells was comparable in all cell types. Lastly, the expression of Oct3/4 was higher in rPB-HPC’s and rFL-HPC’s when compared to bulk EB cultures. However, analysis of subsets of EB cells expressing hematopoietic antigens (CD45, CD34) revealed co-expression of Oct-3/4 on both CD45+ and CD34+ cell fractions. From these findings, we conclude: critical differences exist in GATA-1 and HOXB4 expression between HPC’s derived from EB cultures and HPC’s harvested during early definitive fetal hematopoietic development; and human EB-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells express persistently high levels of Oct-3/4. The differences in the expression of these critical transcriptional factors at the protein level may explain the observed functional differences between EB-derived HPC’s and definitive HPC’s from fetal and adult sources.