gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpreting ultrasound elastography: Image registration of breast cancer ultrasound elastography to histopathology images (2010)

Ultrasound elastography is a promising technique for the detection of breast cancer. Despite being proven to be a useful method in clinical studies, no studies have looked at directly correlating information in in-vivo ultrasound elastography images with histopathology images (regarded as the gold standard) using image registration. In this paper, expert knowledge from clinicians is utilised as constraints to register 2D elastography and histopathology images based on corresponding features identified by clinicians such as tumours and fibrous structures. The recently proposed coherent point drift (CPD) algorithm by Myronenko and Song was applied to align the corresponding feature points and the thin-plate splines method of Bookstein is then used to warp the images. The registered images were then overlaid. It was found that in elastography images, the stiffness of malignant tumours tend to extend beyond the tumour boundaries identified in the histopathology images, and there were many stiff areas indicated in the elastography images where no corresponding features could be identified in the histopathology images. The study thus provides some new insight into the relationship of elastography and histopathology as well as suggests further work is needed to better understand how to interpret patterns in elastography images.
A semi‐global reference model for electrical conductivity in the mid‐mantle beneath the north Pacific region (2003)

One‐dimensional electrical conductivity structure in the mid‐mantle of the one‐fourth of the Earth beneath the north Pacific Ocean was obtained by a semi‐global electromagnetic induction study. Electromagnetic response functions estimated from electric field variations measured by submarine cables and geomagnetic field variations obtained by magnetic observatories and long‐term observations sites were inverted into radially symmetric conductivity distribution by taking the distribution of land and ocean at the surface into account. As a most preferred model, a smooth conductivity‐depth profile was obtained with two abrupt increases that possibly correspond to the seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 km.
Feasibility of reconstructed ancestral H5N1 influenza viruses for cross-clade protective vaccine development (2010)

Since the reemergence of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in humans in 2003, these viruses have spread throughout avian species in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Their sustained circulation has resulted in the evolution of phylogenetically diverse lineages. Viruses from these lineages show considerable antigenic variation, which has confounded vaccine planning efforts. We reconstructed ancestral protein sequences at several nodes of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene phylogenies that represent ancestors to diverse H5N1 virus clades. By using the same methods that have been used to generate currently licensed inactivated H5N1 vaccines, we were able to produce a panel of replication competent influenza viruses containing synthesized HA and NA genes representing the reconstructed ancestral proteins. We identified two of these viruses that showed promising in vitro cross-reactivity with clade 1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.4, and 4 viruses. To confirm that vaccine antigens derived from these viruses were able to elicit functional antibodies following immunization, we created whole-virus vaccines and compared their protective efficacy versus that of antigens from positive control, naturally occurring, and broadly reactive H5N1 viruses. The ancestral viruses' vaccines provided robust protection against morbidity and mortality in ferrets challenged with H5N1 strains from clades 1, 2.1, and 2.2 in a manner similar to those based on the control strains. These findings provide proof of principle that viable, computationally derived vaccine seed viruses can be constructed within the context of currently licensed vaccine platforms. Such technologies should be explored to enhance the cross reactivity and availability of H5N1 influenza vaccines.
ChemInform Abstract: Degradation of C60 by Light. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Distributed Precoding Design via Over-the-Air Signaling for Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2020)

Most works on cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) consider non-cooperative precoding strategies at the base stations (BSs) to avoid extensive channel state information (CSI) exchange via backhaul signaling. However, considerable performance gains can be accomplished by allowing coordination among the BSs. This paper proposes the first distributed framework for cooperative precoding design in cell-free massive MIMO (and, more generally, in joint transmission coordinated multi-point) systems that entirely eliminates the need for backhaul signaling for CSI exchange. A novel over-the-air (OTA) signaling mechanism is introduced such that each BS can obtain the same cross-term information that is traditionally exchanged among the BSs via backhaul signaling. The proposed distributed precoding design enjoys desirable flexibility and scalability properties, as the amount of OTA signaling does not scale with the number of BSs or user equipments. Numerical results show fast convergence and remarkable performance gains as compared with non-cooperative precoding design. The proposed scheme can also outperform the centralized precoding design under realistic CSI acquisition.
Selective Ring-Opening Allene Metathesis: Polymerization or Ruthenium Vinylidene Formation (2021)

Selective ring-opening allene metathesis polymerization (ROAlMP) and ruthenium vinylidene formation from 1,2-cyclononadiene (<b>1</b>) by simple catalyst selection are discussed. Grubbs second-generation catalyst (G2) favors the formation of an alkylidene leading to the ROAlMP of (<b>1</b>). Grubbs first-generation catalyst (G1) favors vinylidene formation and prevents the homopolymerization of (<b>1</b>) even at elevated temperatures. Isolation and characterization of poly(<b>1</b>) by NMR analysis and MALDI-TOF confirms the generation of a well-defined polyallene that exhibits good thermal stability (<i>T</i><sub>D</sub> ca. 390 °C) and fluorescent properties. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a highly strained norbornene derivative (NBE-<sup>i</sup>Pr) at 80 °C using the ruthenium vinylidene generated from (<b>1</b>) is also investigated. The discovery of ROAlMP allows for the simple access of well-defined polyallenes from commercially available catalysts and will ultimately guide structure-property determinations of polyallenes.
Lobectomy and bronchoplasty for cancer. (1981)

The experience with lobectomy and bronchoplasty in the management of patients with lung cancer at the University of British Columbia is described for the period 1959 to 1979. Thirty-eight patients underwent resection, the majority for squamous cell carcinoma. The early mortality was 5%. Of 16 patients operated on before 1974, 5 (31%) survived for more than 5 years. Seventeen (44%) of the 38 are still alive at periods of 1 to 10 years after resection.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the Web as Corpus (2003)

The Web, teeming as it is with language data, of all manner of varieties and languages, in vast quantity and freely available, is a fabulous linguists' playground. This special issue of Computational Linguistics explores ways in which this dream is being explored.
Functional Characterization of Vertebrate Nonmuscle Myosin IIB Isoforms Using Dictyostelium Chimeric Myosin II (2001)

The alternatively spliced isoform of nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain B (MHC-IIB) with an insert of 21 amino acids in the actin-binding surface loop (loop 2), MHC-IIB(B2), is expressed specifically in the central nervous system of vertebrates. To examine the role of the B2 insert in the motor activity of the myosin II molecule, we expressed chimeric myosin heavy chain molecules using the Dictyostelium myosin II heavy chain as the backbone. We replaced the Dictyostelium native loop 2 with either the noninserted form of loop 2 from human MHC-IIB or the B2-inserted form of loop 2 from human MHC-IIB(B2). The transformant Dictyostelium cells expressing only the B2-inserted chimeric myosin formed unusual fruiting bodies. We then assessed the function of chimeric proteins, using an in vitro motility assay and by measuring ATPase activities and binding to F-actin. We demonstrate that the insertion of the B2 sequence reduces the motor activity of Dictyostelium myosin II, with reduction of the maximal actin-activated ATPase activity and a decrease in the affinity for actin. In addition, we demonstrate that the native loop 2 sequence of Dictyostelium myosin II is required for the regulation of the actin-activated ATPase activity by phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain.
Production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV (2017)

The production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV was studied for 2 < p T < 16 GeV/c with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed at forward (p-going direction) and backward (Pb-going direction) rapidity, in the ranges of rapidity in the centre-of-mass system (cms) 2.03 < y cms < 3.53 and -4.46 < y cms < -2.96, respectively.
Pt and PtX nanoclusters prepared by gas aggregation cluster source for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2014)

International audience
Decision problems for second-order linear logic (2002)

The decision problem is studied for fragments of second order linear logic without modalities. It is shown that the structural rules of contraction and weakening may be simulated by second order propositional quantifiers and the multiplicative connectives. Among the consequences are the undecidability of the intuitionistic second order fragment of propositional multiplicative linear logic and the undecidability of multiplicative linear logic with first order and second order quantifiers.
A first-in-human phase I single-agent dose-escalation, food effect and dose expansion study of oral ONC206 in recurrent and rare primary central nervous system neoplasms. (2020)

TPS2576 Background: Blockade of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) has emerged as a therapeutic target in neuro-oncology. ONC201, a first-generation imipridone that antagonizes DRD2, has demonstrated clinical activity in Diffuse Midline Gliomas, H3K27M-mutant (DMGs). Treatment options beyond surgical resection and radiation therapy are limited for most recurrent and rare primary CNS neoplasms. DRD2 blockade holds promise as a therapeutic target in multiple primary CNS cancers. ONC206 is a next generation imipridone and a chemical analog of ONC201 that possesses favorable drug properties such as oral bioavailability, robust stability, and blood-brain barrier penetrance. ONC206 exhibits enhanced allosteric inhibition of DRD2 and nanomolar affinity/potency as a DRD2 antagonist with complete antagonism and specificity for DRD2. ONC206 demonstrated broad spectrum anti-cancer efficacy in vitro across most solid tumor types tested in a panel of &gt; 1000 human cancer cell lines with nervous system tumors emerging as most responsive. In addition to its broad-spectrum activity in vitro, ONC206 efficacy has been demonstrated in xenograft mouse models. Methods: This is an open label, dose escalation, and food effect Phase I study of ONC206at the National Cancer Institute, Neuro-Oncology Branch. Adult patients 18 years and older with recurrent, primary CNS neoplasms will initially be accrued to the dose escalation portion of the study and evaluated for toxicity. Eligible diseases include recurrent glioblastoma, WHO Grade 2 and 3 infiltrating glial neoplasms, and rare primary CNS neoplasms in the NCI-CONNECT program: DMGs, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and other rare CNS tumor types. The primary endpoint is to determine DLT during the first cycle (28 days). Dose escalation will proceed according to a standard 3+3 design. Both once weekly and more frequent dosing of ONC206 will be explored in the dose escalation scheme. After the MTD is established, food effect will be determined in a dedicated cohort using a balanced, single-dose, two-arm, two-period crossover design. Secondary endpoints will include objective response rate by RANO criteria, overall and progression-free survival, and disease control rate. Exploratory analysis of DRD2 and DRD5 expression, DRD2 dimerization, expression of MYC and N-MYC in tumor tissue in relation to clinical outcomes will also be performed.
Frequency combs for cavity cascades: OPO combs and graphene-coupled cavities (2016)

Frequency combs can be used directly, for example as a highly precise spectroscopic light source. They can also be used indirectly, as a bridge between devices whose high precision requirements would normally make them incompatible. Here, we demonstrate two ways that a frequency comb enables new technologies by matching optical cavities. One cavity is the laser oscillator. A second cavity is a low-threshold doubly-resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Extending optical referencing to the doubly-resonant OPO turns the otherwise unstable device into an extremely precise midinfrared frequency comb. Another cavity is an optical enhancement cavity for amplifying spectral absorption in a gas. With the high speed of a graphene-modulated frequency comb, we can couple a frequency comb directly into a high-finesse cavity for trace gas detection.
A framework for optimization of operational latency in wireless networks (2010)

Network-wide broadcast has been extensively studied. In this paper, we introduce the problem of all-to- one-hop broadcast. Specifically, we are interested in the required time slots within which all nodes can receive unit-size messages from all one-hop neighbors and aim to minimize the broadcast latency. To this end, we decompose the optimal broadcast latency problem into two methodical sub-problems and present a scheduling method. To complete collision-free transmission in minimum time slots a graph-coloring scheme is used, and to reduce the overall waiting latency a linear arrangement scheme is used. Simulation studies show that the novel one-hop broadcast scheduling method can reduce the latency from 4% to 19% depending on the network size and density.
An Intramolecular Oxo Diels—Alder Approach to 1‐Oxo‐1,2,3,3a‐4,7a‐hexahydro‐pyrano[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4‐carboxylic Acid Ethyl Esters. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Extended Gain Bandwidth low Ripple Hybrid Raman-Parametric Amplifier Design for PON Applications (2012)

A hybrid Raman-OPA amplifier with 190 nm bandwidth, and &#60;4dB gain ripple is described. We also show that inclusion of the forth order dispersion coefficient is critical for the correct optimization of the gain bandwidth of the hybrid amplifier.
From karyotypes to precision genomics in 9p deletion and duplication syndromes (2021)

While 9p deletion and duplication syndromes have been studied for several years, small sample sizes and minimal high-resolution data have limited a comprehensive delineation of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. In this study, we examined genetic data from 719 individuals in the worldwide 9p Network Cohort: a cohort seven to nine times larger than any previous study of 9p. Most breakpoints occur in bands 9p22 and 9p24, accounting for 35% and 38% of all breakpoints, respectively. Bands 9p11 and 9p12 have the fewest breakpoints, with each accounting for 0.6% of all breakpoints. The most common phenotype in 9p deletion and duplication syndromes is developmental delay, and we identified eight known neurodevelopmental disorder genes in 9p22 and 9p24. Since it has been previously reported that some individuals have a secondary structural variant related to the 9p variant, we examined our cohort for these variants and found 97 events. The top secondary variant involved 9q in 14 individuals (1.9%), including ring chromosomes and inversions. We identified a gender bias with significant enrichment for females (p = 0.0006) that may arise from a sex reversal in some individuals with 9p deletions. Genes on 9p were characterized regarding function, constraint metrics, and protein-protein interactions, resulting in a prioritized set of genes for further study. Finally, we achieved precision genomics in one child with a complex 9p structural variation using modern genomic technologies, demonstrating that long-read sequencing will be integral for some cases. Our study is the largest ever on 9p-related syndromes and provides key insights into genetic factors involved in these syndromes.
Copolymer‐Derived N/B Co‐Doped Nanocarbons with Controlled Porosity and Highly Active Surface (2020)

ABSTRACT N/B co‐doped nanocarbon (NBC) is emerging as promising candidate in various applications. However, most synthetic approaches require complex heteroatom/carbon precursors, and suffer from poor porosity control and inevitable formation of electrochemically inactive N─B bonded species. In this study, we propose a new route to produce NBC from a single copolymer precursor, polyacrylonitrile‐ b ‐poly(styrene boronic ester) (PAN‐ b ‐PSBpin). Both polymeric blocks play dual roles during pyrolysis, i.e., PAN serves as both a carbon source and nitrogen source, and PSBpin functions as both a boron source and porogenic block. Importantly, a linear relationship between mesopore size in NBC and block length in copolymers was observed, allowing for excellent porosity control in NBC. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed only separated N and B configurations in formed NBC, assuring highly active surface examined by an efficient four‐electron transfer process in oxygen reduction reaction and large geometric capacitances ( C sa = 68 μF cm −2 and C vol = 750 F cm −3 ) in supercapacitors. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58 , 225–232
The Electrification of Conventional Industrial Processes: The Use of Mechanical Vapor Compression in an EtOH–Water Distillation Tower (2021)

The aim of this study is to analyze the exergetic, environmental, and economic impact of the electrification of a bio-refinery plant, considering the application of Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) to a conventional water–ethanol distillation column in the context of bioethanol production. The process was implemented in AspenPlus® and Aspen Exchange Design and Rating (EDR) simulation environments, where a sensitivity analysis was also carried out, considering four scenarios characterized by different compressions’ operative conditions, and including a Coefficient of Performance (CoP) analysis of the proposed solution with MVC. Exergetic and economic analyses were performed, and the relevant impacts on Operative Expenditure (OpEx) and Capital Expenditure (CapEx) were analyzed. Comparing the base case scenario with the proposed solution, a reduction of operative costs of around 63% was achieved. Finally, an environmental analysis was carried out, showing a remarkable reduction in the carbon footprint of the unit, with a carbon dioxide emission reduction of almost 80% for the MVC solution, in line with RED target requirements.
End-to-end Nanophotonics Inverse Design for Computational Imaging (2022)

We introduce end-to-end inverse design in which a nanophotonics frontend is optimized in conjunction with a computational-imaging backend to minimize reconstruction errors. We present several nanophotonics designs for depth, spectral and polarization imaging.
Comment on "Persistent remission of acromegaly in a patient with GH‐secreting pituitary adenoma: Effect of treatment with pasireotide long‐acting release and consequence of treatment withdrawal" (2022)

This publication is not associated with any unpublished data.
Non-segregating electrolytes for molten carbonate fuel cells (1996)

Argonne National Laboratory is developing molten carbonate electrolyte compositions which have minimal segregation in the individual fuel cell and cell stack under an electric field. The approach is to characterize Li-Na carbonate mixtures in terms of their segregation properties in an electric field and, if necessary, to modify the observed segregation by adding Ba and Ca carbonates. Both non-segregating properties and MCFC test-cell performance show improvement as the lithium content is modified, up or down, from a baseline of 52/48 Li/Na. Results of gasket strip (20 V) screening studies, as well as those from cell tests, will be discussed.
Scenarios and methods that induce protruding or released CNTs after degradation of nanocomposite materials (2013)

Nanocomposite materials may be considered as a low-risk application of nanotechnology, if the nanofillers remain embedded throughout the life-cycle of the products in which they are embedded. We hypothesize that release of free CNTs occurs by a combination of mechanical stress and chemical degradation of the polymer matrix. We experimentally address limiting cases: Mechanically released fragments may show tubular protrusions on their surface. Here we identify these protrusions unambiguously as naked CNTs by chemically resolved microscopy and a suitable preparation protocol. By size-selective quantification of fragments we establish as a lower limit that at least 95 % of the CNTs remain embedded. Contrary to classical fiber composite approaches, we link this phenomenon to matrix materials with only a few percent elongation at break, predicting which materials should still cover their CNT nanofillers after machining. Protruding networks of CNTs remain after photochemical degradation of the matrix, and we show that it takes the worst case combinations of weathering plus high-shear wear to release free CNTs in the order of mg/m2/year. Synergy of chemical degradation and mechanical energy input is identified as the priority scenario of CNT release, but its lab simulation by combined methods is still far from real-world validation.
A 35 mm 13.89 Million Pixel CMOS Active Pixel Image Sensor (2003)

This paper discusses a 13.89 million pixels CMOS image sensor for digital SLR cameras. The pitch of the 3-transistor active pixel is 8 microns. The sensor has a full well charge of 117K electrons and 33 electrons temporal noise, and a dynamic range of 71 dB. The fixed pattern noise is 0.14 % RMS, obtained by an on-chip correction circuit. Color filters have been optimized for best photographic performance. The pixel array area is equal to the size of 35 mm film (36 x 24 mm 2). Essentially, this means that the photographer gets the same image with the digital camera as with film, without lens magnification factor. Two technological challenges have to be overcome to make a sensor of this size. The sensor size exceeds the field area of steppers used to fabricate sub-micron CMOS chips. To solve this, a stitching technique has to be applied during processing of this device. A second problem of such large devices is the variation of the angle-of-incidence of the light on the silicon, causing the efficiency of micro lenses to vary along the focal plane. To avoid this problem, a pixel design with an inherently high fill factor is used. The product of fill fact or and quantum efficiency on this pixel is 30%, a number that cannot be further increased by the use of micro lenses. 1.