gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA is transferred to host cells via a novel contact-dependent mechanism (2004)

Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of peptic ulcer disease. A major virulence factor of H. pylori is VacA, a toxin that causes massive vacuolization of epithelial cell lines in vitro and gastric epithelial erosion in vivo. Although VacA is exported over the outer membrane and is released from the bacteria, a portion of the toxin remains associated with the bacterial surface. We have found surface-associated toxin to be biologically active and spatially organized into distinct toxin-rich domains on the bacterial surface. Upon bacterial contact with host cells, toxin clusters are transferred directly from the bacterial surface to the host cell surface at the bacteria-cell interface, followed by uptake and intoxication. This contact-dependent transfer of VacA represents a cost-efficient route for delivery of VacA and potentially other bacterial effector molecules to target cells.
Expression Profiling of the Ovarian Surface Kinome Reveals Candidate Genes for (2009)

OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that co-coordinated up-regulation or down-regulation of several ovarian cell surface kinases may provide clues for better understanding of the disease and help in rational design of therapeutic targets. STUDY DESIGN: We compared the expression signature of 69 surface kinases in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE), with OSE from patients at high risk and with ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Seven surface kinases, ALK, EPHA5, EPHB1, ERBB4, INSRR, PTK ,a ndTGFβR1 displayed a distinctive linear trend in expression from normal, highrisk, and malignant epithelium. We confirmed these results using semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and tissue array of 202 ovarian cancer samples. A strong correlate was shown between disease-free survivalandtheexpressionofERBB4.DNAsequencingrevealedtwonovelmutationsinERBB4intwocancersamples. CONCLUSIONS: A distinct subset of the ovarian surface kinome is altered in the transition from high risk to invasive cancer and genetic mutation is not a dominant mechanism for these modifications. These results have significant implicationsforearlydetectionandtargetedtherapeuticapproachesforwomenathighriskofdevelopingovariancancer.
Enterprise JavaBeans caching in clustered environments (2005)

Abstract We present the design of an Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) caching architecture, and show that EJB caching can greatly improve application throughput in clustered environments. Throughput is improved because data serving is offloaded from the database server to the cache‐enabled application server. EJB caching is successful because it exploits the low‐latency connections between the database server and application servers that exist in a clustered environment. An important feature of our architecture is that the caching function is transparent to applications that use it. The cache‐enabled application server uses the same (EJB) programming model, and the same transactional semantics, as provided by non‐caching architectures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Linear dispersion codes for a (not so) large number of receive antennas (2005)

Linear dispersion codes (LDC) are high-rate codes that exploit both the spectral efficiency and the diversity a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system may offer. However they are complex to design for high spectral efficiency and their designs have been limited to the case of independent and identically Rayleigh distributed (i.i.d.) channels. In this paper we design channel correlation based LDC under the assumption of a large number of receive antennas and show by simulations. that large gains can he obtained from such designed codes. Moreover, deep connections between so designed codes and capacity achieving codes are pointed out.
Experimental demonstration of fiber-nonlinearity-torelant conjugated-paired radio-on-fiber system employing asymmetric photonic heterodyne down-converter (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate fiber-nonlinearity-tolerant conjugated-paired radio-on-fiber (C-RoF) system for the first time. A C-RoF signal is simply generated by dual-sideband modulation and fiber nonlinearity is cancelled through asymmetric photonic heterodyne down-conversion. A QPSK-C-RoF signal is transferred over 20-km SMF fiber.
Nanostructured Lithium-Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

Electrodeposited aluminum films and template-synthesized aluminum nanorods are examined as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The lithium-aluminum alloying reaction is observed electrochemically with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling in lithium half-cells. The electrodeposition reaction is shown to have high faradaic efficiency, and electrodeposited aluminum films reach theoretical capacity for the formation of LiAl (1 Ah/g). The performance of electrodeposited aluminum films is dependent on film thickness, with thicker films exhibiting better cycling behavior. The same trend is shown for electron-beam deposited aluminum films, suggesting that aluminum film thickness is the major determinant in electrochemical performance regardless of deposition technique. Synthesis of aluminum nanorod arrays on stainless steel substrates is demonstrated using electrodeposition into anodic aluminum oxide templates followed by template dissolution. Unlike nanostructures of other lithium-alloying materials, the electrochemical performance of these aluminum nanorod arrays is worse than that of bulk aluminum.
Long-term survival update for high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. (2000)

With prolonged follow-up, treatment with high-dose recombinant IL-2 remains extremely effective for a subset of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Propagation length and coupling characteristics of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a uniform silica layer (2013)

We propose a hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a uniform silica layer and evaluate its propagation length and coupling characteristics. Numerical results show that we should carefully choose structural parameters to obtain a longer propagation length.
Local drug delivery via transvascular injection. (1999)

Use of the NIC caused vessel texture alteration in non-diseased porcine vessels, seen as vessel wall penetration and perivascular edema. After single injection the maximum of the indicator was found in perivascular tissue 0.5 hours at the application site (carotid perivascular tissue: 7.48%; femoral perivascular tissue: 2.56%). Thereafter, radioactivity in the artery increased and perivascular content declined. The maximum in femoral arteries (1 hour; 1.96%) occurred earlier and was significantly lower compared to carotid arteries (2 hours; 7.75%). Four hours post-injection, 1.4% of total drug amount was detectable in the carotid arteries and 0.6% was detected in the femoral arteries. Systemic content was measured after C14-Carvedilol application with a maximum in serum of 28% (10 minutes), liver 30% (0.5 hour) and spleen 0.6% (0.5 hour). After 3 hours, still 5% of the indicator was still measureable in the serum and liver and less than 0.1% was measurable in the spleen. LDD with the NIC system is dependent on the vascular anatomy. The data indicate redistribution from perivascular to vascular space thus allowing a prolonged vascular and perivascular drug delivery. The amount deliverable is lower than expected due to substantial systemic drug contamination with this catheter.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Sr(ClO4)2·3H2O (I), Sr(ClO4)2·4H2O (II) and Sr(ClO4)2·9H2O (III). (2015)

Abstract Single crystals of the title compound are obtained from low temperature solutions according to the solid‐liquid phase diagram.
Disparity and normal estimation through alternating maximization (2010)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that recovers binocular disparities in accordance with the surface properties of the scene under consideration. To do so, we estimate the disparity as well as the normals in the disparity space, by setting the two tasks in a unified framework. A novel joint probabilistic model is defined through two random fields to favor both intra field (within neighboring disparities and neighboring normals) and inter field (between disparities and normals) consistency. Geometric contextual information is introduced in the models for both normals and disparities, which is optimized using an appropriate alternating maximization procedure. We illustrate the performance of our approach on synthetic and real data.
Analysis of the Multichannel WDM-VLC Communication System (2016)

Visible light communication (VLC) systems can achieve a higher data rate by increasing the number of channels using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. In this paper, we investigate the maximum number of channels and possible data rate in a WDM-VLC system based on light emitting diode (LED). Channel crosstalk from the spectral overlap of LEDs is analyzed by modeling LED spectra and the formula for crosstalk is derived from VLC link, including optical filter transmittance and detector spectral response. An experimental setup with different wavelength of LEDs is used to confirm the validity of the crosstalk analysis. The number of channels and data rate are determined by the SNR, including signal power, channel crosstalk, and detector noise. The results indicate that for indoor illumination standard with ON-OFF keying modulation and 33 nm channel spacing to achieve a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> , the maximum and optimal numbers of channels are 12 and 10, respectively. Additionally, the achievable data rate is 5.1 Gb/s which is about 9.3 times than that of the single channel system.
Preparation andimmunogenicity ofa purified influenza virus haemagglutinin andneuraminidase subunit vaccine W.G.LAVER (1976)

Summary Avaccine wasprepared containing thehaemagglutirain andneuraminidase subunits fromtheA/Port Chalmers. 1/73(H3N2) strain ofinfluenza virus. Thevirus particles weredisrupted withammoniumdeoxycholate andthematrix protein, whichwasinsoluble inthis detergent, wasremoved bycentrifugation. Following removal ofdeoxycholate, thehaemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits aggregated bytheir hydrophobic ends, forming mixedclusters. Thesewerethen freed fromnucleocapsids byelectrophoresis. Thehaemagglutinin andneuraminidase subunits wereaseffective asintact inactivated virus (atequivalent concentration) ineliciting alate primary antibody response wheninjected insaline into rabbits. Inhumansalso, thesubunits wereasimmunogenic asintact inactivated virus particles atequivalent concentration. Manypeople, however, responded onlyto the'common' antigenic determinant(s) onthehaemagglutinin subunit ofPortChalmers/73 virus anddid notrespond atalltothe'specific' determinant(s). Sera fromthese people contained antibodies which reacted equally aswellwithHongKong/68 virus aswiththe PortChalmers/73 strain andnonewhichreacted exclusively withthelatter virus.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Antiplatelet agents Aspirin Risk factors for upper GI bleeding in aspirin users Clopidogrel Double antiplatelet agent therapy Discontinuation of aspirin during acute peptic ulcer bleeding Interaction between antiplatelet agent and proton pump inhibitors Anticoagulants References
Cholesterol deprivation induces TGFβ signaling to promote basal differentiation in pancreatic cancer (2019)

Summary Oncogenic transformation alters the metabolism of cellular nutrients to sustain tumor growth. We here define a mechanism by which modifications in cholesterol metabolism control the formation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Disruption of distal cholesterol biosynthesis by means of conditional inactivation of Nsdhl in mice bearing a tumor-inducing Kras mutation ( Kras G12D ) prevented PDAC formation in the context of a heterozygous Trp53 f/+ genotype without impairing normal pancreatic development. In mice with pancreatic Nsdhl ablation and homozygous loss of Trp53 , the emerging tumors presented with the aggressive basal (mesenchymal) phenotype as opposed to the classic (glandular) PDAC. This paralleled significantly reduced expression of cholesterol metabolic pathway genes in human basal PDAC subtype. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that genetic or metabolic cholesterol deprivation stabilizes the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor to activate pro-mesenchymal effectors in human and murine PDAC, providing a direct mechanism by which cholesterol metabolism can condition tumor differentiation.
3023 Analysis of Molecular Motion in Microchannel with Nanofence Matrix for DNA Separation (2007)

We have analyzed motion of DNA molecules in the microchannel with nanofences in order to clarify the mechanism of size-based separation. The traces of DNA molecules were obtained from video images taken by a CCD camera with an image intensifier unit. We developed a program to trace DNA molecules in the microchannel during electrophoresis. It was found that smaller DNA molecules had longer detours around nanofences and the detour had nearly inverse relationship with applied voltage.
Activation of Human B Lymphocytes (1979)

Abstract The present study defines and characterizes multiple subpopulations of immunoregulatory human peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells of in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis. The in vitro pokeweed mitogen-induced (PWM) anti-sheep red blood cell (anti-SRBC) plaque-forming cell (PFC) response and intracytoplasmic (ICP) Ig formation varied among normal subjects studied. On the basis of PFC responses, normal individuals can be divided into responders (&amp;gt;75 PFC/106 mononuclear cells) and nonresponders (&amp;lt;25 PFC/106 mononuclear cells). Furthermore, PB lymphocytes from PFC nonresponders also had decreased responses with regard to PWM-induced ICP Ig. Irradiated and nonirradiated unfractionated (total) T cells from responders both provided a net helper effect for PFC induction and ICP Ig production when co-cultured with allogeneic B cell-enriched suspensions. Within the total T cell population from responder individuals, T cells with an Fc receptor (R) for IgG (TG cells) suppressed PFC responses, whereas corresponding TG-depleted T cells obtained after overnight incubation did not suppress PFC responses. In addition, the total non-T cell fraction from responders suppressed B cell function in allogeneic and autologous co-cultures. However, this responder non-T cell-mediated suppression of Ig synthesis was radioresistant and was abrogated by removal of adherent cells. In contrast, nonirradiated total T cells from nonresponders did suppress PFC induction and ICP Ig production by allogeneic B cell-enriched suspensions. However, similar to responder individuals, irradiated total T cells from nonresponders not only did not suppress, but provided maximal T cell helper effect for PFC induction and ICP Ig production by allogeneic B cells. Furthermore, similar to responders, total non-T cell (E-rosette negative) fractions from nonresponders suppressed PFC responses in allogeneic co-cultures. However, this suppression was not abrogated by removal of adherent cells. The nonadherent suppressor cells in the E-rosette positive and E-rosette negative fraction from nonresponders bore an FcR for IgG. The primary difference between immunoregulatory cells found in responder and nonresponder subjects was the presence in nonresponders of E-rosette positive and E-rosette negative IgG FcR+ suppressor lymphocytes that did not require exposure to 7SEA to suppress. Thus, the functional capabilities of immunoregulatory cell populations differ greatly among normal individuals and relate primarily to immunoregulatory control of Ig synthesis at the T cell level. These studies illustrate the complexities of human immunoregulatory cell functions as expressed in in vitro cultures and illustrate that many of the in vitro immunoregulatory abnormalities associated with disease states can be demonstrated under certain conditions in mononuclear cell suspensions from normal subjects.
Which one? Grounding the referent based on efficient human-robot interaction (2010)

Abstract — In human-robot interaction, a robot must be prepared to handle possible ambiguities generated by a human partner. In this work we propose a set of strategies that allow a robot to identify the referent when the human partner refers to an object giving incomplete information, i.e. an ambiguous de-scription. Moreover, we propose the use of an ontology to store and reason on the robot’s knowledge to ease clarification, and therefore, improve interaction. We validate our work through both simulation and two real robotic platforms performing two tasks: a daily-life situation and a game. I.
7.2: Integrated Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices as Real‐time and Indicator‐free Biosensor (2011)

Abstract A biosensor specific to nitric oxide is realized by integrating an organic light‐emitting diode, a photodetector, and a sensing hydrogel film. Two organic filters are also used to reduce the influence of the excitation light on the output photocurrent of the photodetector. The response time is less than 5 min.
Space- and time-resolved spectrophotometry in microsystems (2005)

This work describes a simple optical method for obtaining, in a single still-capture image, the continuous absorbance spectra of samples at multiple locations of microsystems. This technique uses an unmodified bright-field microscope, an array of microlenses, and a diffraction grating to disperse the light transmitted by samples of 10- to 500-microm dimensions. By analyzing in a single image the first-order diffracted light, it is possible to collect the full and continuous absorbance spectra of samples at multiple locations (to a spatial resolution of approximately 8 microm) in microwells and microchannels to examine dynamic chemical events (to a time resolution of <10 ms). This article also discusses the optical basis of this method. The simultaneous resolution of wavelength, time, and space at a scale <10 microm provides additional capabilities for chemical and biological analysis.
CuInSe/sub 2//CdS-CdTe/CdS polycrystalline tandem solar cells (1984)

A monolithic optically and electrically coupled tandem junction has been produced. The component cells are CuInSe/sub 2//CdS and CdTe/CdS polycrystalline heterojunctions. A 3% efficient device with over 1.0 volt open circuit voltage and 6 mA/cm/sup 2/ short circuit current has been achieved. It is estimated that an efficiency of over 20% should be practically achievable.
Rapid Development of Advanced Liver Fibrosis after Acquisition of Hepatitis C Infection during Primary HIV Infection (2009)

We report the first reported case of a 61-year-old MSM who was diagnosed with syphilis, primary HIV infection, and acute hepatitis C (HCV) within the same time period who rapidly developed significant liver fibrosis within 6 months of acquisition of both infections. It has been well described that individuals with primary HIV infection have an increase in activated CD8+ T cells, which causes a state of immune activation as was evident in this patient. Acquisition of HCV during this time could have further skewed this response resulting in massive hepatocyte destruction, inflammation, and subsequent liver fibrosis. Recent literature suggest that MSM with primary HIV infection have higher rates of acquisition of HCV than other HIV-positive cohorts and HCV acquisition can occur very soon after acquiring HIV. This case of rapid hepatic fibrosis progression coupled with the increasing incidence of HCV in individuals with primary HIV infection demonstrates a need for this phenomenon to be studied more extensively.
MO‐F‐CAMPUS‐I‐05: Quantitative ADC Measurement of Esophageal Cancer Before and After Chemoradiation (2015)

Purpose: We investigated whether quantitative diffusion imaging can be used as an imaging biomarker for early prediction of treatment response of esophageal cancer. Methods: Eight patients with esophageal cancer underwent a baseline and an interim MRI studies during chemoradiation on a 3T whole body MRI scanner with an 8‐channel torso phased array coil. Each MRI study contained two axial diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) series with a conventional DWI sequence and a reduced field‐of‐view DWI sequence (FOCUS) of varying b‐values. ADC maps with two b‐values were computed from conventional DWI images using a mono‐exponential model. For each of DWI sequences, separate ADCall was computed by fitting the signal intensity of images with all the b‐values to a single exponential model. For the FOCUS sequence, a bi‐exponential model was used to extract perfusion and diffusion coefficients (ADCperf and ADCdiff) and their contributions to the signal decay. A board‐certified radiologist contoured the tumor region and mean ADC values and standard deviations of tumor and muscle ROIs were recorded from different ADC maps. Results: Our results showed that (1) the magnitude of ADCs from the same ROIs by the different analysis methods can be substantially different. (2) For a given method, the change between the baseline and interim muscle ADCs was relatively small (≤10%). In contrast, the change between the baseline and interim tumor ADCs was substantially larger, with the change in ADCdiff by FOCUS DWI showing the largest percentage change of 73.2%. (3) The range of the relative change of a specific parameter for different patients was also different. Conclusion: Presently, we do not have the final pathological confirmation of the treatment response for all the patients. However, for a few patients whose surgical specimen is available, the quantitative ADC changes have been found to be useful as a potential predictor for treatment response.