gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heuristica: Designing a serious game for improving decision making (2013)

This paper describes the design process and development of a 3D immersive serious game, Heuristica. The objective of this video game is to train players to improve their decision making by mitigating cognitive biases in an engaging and effective way. Heuristica is the result of three development and empirical evaluation cycles over 18 months. Several game features have been tested, and only those that improved learning while maintaining engagement have been retained in the latest version of the video game. These include reward, real time feedback, and game customization. Our development and playtesting process is summarized, and the implications for designing training are described.
Supplementary Table 3 from Discovery of a Mutant-Selective Covalent Inhibitor of EGFR that Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance in NSCLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 3 - PDF file 119K, Comparison of differentially expressed genes in COR cell lines with the EMT signature of Byers et al. (2013)&lt;/p&gt;
Volume of Extravascular Lung Fluid Determined by Blood Ultrasound Velocity and Electrical Impedance Dilution (1998)

A hypertonic sodium chloride bolus passing through the lung has a sound velocity transient that is biphasic when it reaches the carotid artery. This transient is compatible with water moving into the hypertonic bolus from the lung parenchyma, thereby leaving the lung parenchyma hypertonic. Subsequently, as the bolus leaves the lung vasculature, water passes from the blood into the tissue to return the lung tonicity to baseline, giving a moment when net movement is zero, an instant of osmotic equilibrium. Concurrent measurements of impedance track the sodium chloride transient. A theoretic basis for the calculation of extravascular lung water is derived from the water transferred to the blood, the amount of sodium chloride moved from blood to the lung, and the increase in blood osmolarity measured at the moment of equilibrium. Examples from measurements on sheep suggest that two intravenous injections of hypertonic and isotonic sodium chloride, with observations of sound velocity and electrical impedance in the systemic arterial circulation (which could also provide the cardiac output), provide a basis for calculation of lung permeability, water and salt movements, and extravascular lung water estimation.
Supplementary Tables and Figure Legends from A Bispecific Antibody Antagonizes Prosurvival CD40 Signaling and Promotes Vγ9Vδ2 T cell–Mediated Antitumor Responses in Human B-cell Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 1-2 and Figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
MAP Reconstruction From Spatially Correlated (2003)

High sensitivity 3-D PET data is often rebinned into 2-D data sets in order to reduce the computation time of recon- structions. The need to precorrect the 3-D data for attenuation, accidentals, scatter, and deadtime effects before rebinning along with the rebinning process itself changes the statistics of the data. This paper presents an approach for finding and using the statistics of Fourier rebinned (FORE) data. In particular, utilizing a space domain representation of FORE, we find the approximate covari- ance matrix. We also derive an improved estimate of the mean of the rebinned data with a 2-D forward projector that more ac- curately represents the effect of FORE on the original 3-D PET measurements. In order to incorporate dependent information, we model the data conditioned on the image as a low-order Markov field. This model is based on a quadratic approximation of the log-likelihood of dependent 2-D PET data. The dependence rela- tionship is then incorporated into a novel maximum a posteriori (MAP) 2-D reconstruction method. Initial results show that this method offers modest MSE improvements with a reference image over Poisson-based MAP methods. Results also reveal that the use of only the improved mean leads to significant improvements in re- constructions from FORE data. Index Terms—Correlation, covariance, dependent, FORE, Fourier rebinning, fully 3-D PET, MAP estimation.
Design of freeform aplanatic systems (2015)

Axisymmetric aplanatic systems have been used in the past for solar concentrators and condensers (Gordon et. al, 2010). It is well know that such a system must be stigmatic and satisfy the Abbe sine condition. This problem is well known (Schwarzschild, 1905) to be solvable with two aspherics when the system has rotational symmetry. However, some of those axisymmetric solutions have intrinsically shading losses when using mirrors, which can be prevented if freeform optical surfaces are used (Benitez, 2007). In this paper, we explore the design of freeform surfaces to obtain full aplanatic systems. Here we prove that a rigorous solution to the general non-symmetric problem needs at least three free form surfaces, which are solutions of a system of partial differential equations (PDE). We also present the PDEs for a three surface full aplanat. The examples considered have one plane of symmetry, where a consistent 2D solution is used as boundary condition for the 3D problem. We have used the x-y polynomial representations for all the surfaces, and the iterative algorithm formulated for solving the above said PDE has shown very fast convergence.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist Daridorexant in Japanese and Caucasian Subjects (2020)

The PK, PD, and safety profile of daridorexant were similar in Japanese and Caucasian subjects.
Image registration using RST-clustering and its application in remote sensing (2006)

In this paper we address the problem of registering images acquired under unknown conditions including acquisition at different times, from different points of view and possibly with different type of sensors, where conventional approaches based on feature correspondence or area correlation are likely to fail or provide unreliable estimates. The result of image registration can be used as initial step for many remote sensing applications such as change detection, terrain reconstruction and image-based sensor navigation. The key idea of the proposed method is to estimate a global parametric transformation between images (e.g. perspective or affine transformation) from a set of local, region-based estimates of rotation-scale-translation (RST) transformation. These RST-transformations form a cluster in rotation-scale space. Each RST-transformation is registered by matching in log-polar space the regions centered at locations of the corresponding interest points. Estimation of the correspondence between interest points is performed simultaneously with registration of the local RST-transformations. Then a sub-set of corresponding points or, equivalently, a sub-set of local RST-transformations is selected by a robust estimation method and a global transformation, which is not biased by outliers, is computed from it. The method is capable of registering images without any a priori knowledge about the transformation between them. The method was tested on many images taken under different conditions by different sensors and on thousands of calibrated image pairs. In all cases the method shows very accurate registration results. We demonstrate the performance of our approach using several datasets and compare it with another state-of-the-art method based on the SIFT descriptor.
Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers (2016)

Air-stable doping of the n-type fullerene layer in an n-i-p planar heterojunction perovskite device is capable of enhancing device efficiency and improving device stability. Employing a (HC(NH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> )<sub>0.83</sub> Cs<sub>0.17</sub> Pb(I<sub>0.6</sub> Br<sub>0.4</sub> )<sub>3</sub> perovskite as the photoactive layer, glass-glass laminated devices are reported, which sustain 80% of their "post burn-in" efficiency over 3400 h under full sun illumination in ambient conditions.
An all-digital 8-DPSK polar transmitter with second-order approximation scheme and phase rotation-constant digital PA for bluetooth EDR in 65nm CMOS (2011)

This paper reports on a polar transmitter that is capable of 8-DPSK modulation for the Bluetooth EDR standard. It implements the second-order approximation scheme in the gain calculation of the DCO and a phase rotation-constant digital PA. It achieves DEVM of 6.1% at 0dBm output in sending 8-DPSK signal for Bluetooth EDR, drawing 35mA from a 1.2V supply and occupies 0.75χ0.75mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Sparse Coding for N-Gram Feature Extraction and Training for File Fragment Classification (2018)

File fragment classification is an important step in the task of file carving in digital forensics. In file carving, files must be reconstructed based on their content as a result of their fragmented storage on disk or in memory. Existing methods for classification of file fragments typically use hand-engineered features, such as byte histograms or entropy measures. In this paper, we propose an approach using sparse coding that enables automated feature extraction. Sparse coding, or sparse dictionary learning, is an unsupervised learning algorithm, and is capable of extracting features based simply on how well those features can be used to reconstruct the original data. With respect to file fragments, we learn sparse dictionaries for n-grams, continuous sequences of bytes, of different sizes. These dictionaries may then be used to estimate n-gram frequencies for a given file fragment, but for significantly larger n-gram sizes than are typically found in existing methods which suffer from combinatorial explosion. To demonstrate the capability of our sparse coding approach, we used the resulting features to train standard classifiers, such as support vector machines over multiple file types. Experimentally, we achieved significantly better classification results with respect to existing methods, especially when the features were used in supplement to existing hand-engineered features.
Antiviral Effect of Oral Administration of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Woodchucks with Chronic Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection (2005)

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide analogue approved for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. TDF also has been shown in vitro to inhibit replication of wild-type hepatitis B virus (HBV) and lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants and to inhibit lamivudine-resistant HBV in patients and HBV in patients coinfected with the HIV. Data on the in vivo efficacy of TDF against wild-type virus in non-HIV-coinfected or lamivudine-naïve chronic HBV-infected patients are lacking in the published literature. The antiviral effect of oral administration of TDF against chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection, an established and predictive animal model for antiviral therapy, was evaluated in a placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study (doses, 0.5 to 15.0 mg/kg of body weight/day). Four weeks of once-daily treatment with TDF doses of 0.5, 1.5, or 5.0 mg/kg/day reduced serum WHV viremia significantly (0.2 to 1.5 log reduction from pretreatment level). No effects on the levels of anti-WHV core and anti-WHV surface antibodies in serum or on the concentrations of WHV RNA or WHV antigens in the liver of treated woodchucks were observed. Individual TDF-treated woodchucks demonstrated transient declines in WHV surface antigen serum antigenemia and, characteristically, these woodchucks also had transient declines in serum WHV viremia, intrahepatic WHV replication, and hepatic expression of WHV antigens. No evidence of toxicity was observed in any of the TDF-treated woodchucks. Following drug withdrawal there was prompt recrudescence of WHV viremia to pretreatment levels. It was concluded that oral administration of TDF for 4 weeks was safe and effective in the woodchuck model of chronic HBV infection.
Spatiotemporal properties of cytoplasmic cyclic AMP gradients can alter the turning behaviour of neuronal growth cones (2004)

Growth cones, the terminal structures of elongating neurites, use extracellular guidance information in order to navigate to appropriate target cells. The directional information of guidance cues is transduced to a cytoplasmic gradient of messenger molecules across the growth cone leading to rearrangements of the cytoskeleton. One messenger molecule regulating growth cone turning is cAMP, which is also known to be sufficient to direct growth cone attraction. Cytoplasmic cAMP gradients have been generated in the present study by photolysing caged cAMP with UV light focused on one side of growth cones of chick sensory neurons. Using this method we show that only specific time patterns of pulsed cAMP release are capable of inducing growth cone turning whereas others, which release the same amount of cAMP, are ineffective. Theoretical calculations show that diverse time patterns produce different intracellular gradients, which were visualized directly in HeLa cells expressing cAMP-sensitive ion channels as a reporter system. Together these data indicate that the spatiotemporal properties of the intracellular gradient are crucial for growth cone turning.
Du joséphisme au libéralisme, en passant par les Idéologues : le parcours philosophique et politique de Charles Joseph Lambrechts (1753-1823) (2012)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Nuisance Effects and the Limitations of Nuisance Regression in Dynamic Functional Connectivity fMRI (2018)

Abstract In resting-state fMRI, dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) measures are used to characterize temporal changes in the brain’s intrinsic functional connectivity. A widely used approach for DFC estimation is the computation of the sliding window correlation between blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals from different brain regions. Although the source of temporal fluctuations in DFC estimates remains largely unknown, there is growing evidence that they may reflect dynamic shifts between functional brain networks. At the same time, recent findings suggest that DFC estimates might be prone to the influence of nuisance factors such as the physiological modulation of the BOLD signal. Therefore, nuisance regression is used in many DFC studies to regress out the effects of nuisance terms prior to the computation of DFC estimates. In this work we examined the relationship between DFC estimates and nuisance factors. We found that DFC estimates were significantly correlated with temporal fluctuations in the magnitude (norm) of various nuisance regressors, with significant correlations observed in the majority (76%) of the cases examined. Significant correlations between the DFC estimates and nuisance regressor norms were found even when the underlying correlations between the nuisance and fMRI time courses were relatively small. We then show that nuisance regression does not eliminate the relationship between DFC estimates and nuisance norms, with significant correlations observed in the majority (71%) of the cases examined after nuisance regression. We present theoretical bounds on the difference between DFC estimates obtained before and after nuisance regression and relate these bounds to limitations in the efficacy of nuisance regression with regards to DFC estimates.
Investigation of Asymmetric and Unbalanced Winding Structures for 3-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (2020)

In this study, an investigation of winding structures is performed for 3-phase unbalanced and asymmetric winding permanent magnet (PM) machines including different slot-pole combinations. There are two different cases for unbalanced winding (UBW) structure: 1) Stator slot number of the machine is divisible by three, 2) Stator slot number of the machine is not divisible by three. Only the first case is examined in this paper. The unbalanced winding layouts are created for minimum unbalance and maximum winding factor. Total magneto motive force (MMF) distributions for nine different slot-pole combinations and their harmonic contents are presented. Variation of the amount of unbalance for different slot-pole combinations is also provided in the paper. Key issues arising from the asymmetric and unbalanced windings such as degree of asymmetric and unbalanced magnetic pull are explored. A prototype motor with 39-slots and 12-poles has been manufactured for experimental verification. A comparison between the finite element analysis (FEA) results and experimental results is presented for the prototype motor for both no-load and on-load conditions. It is shown that the asymmetric and unbalanced winding PM motors have significant potential for applications requiring smooth torque operation.
Efficiently computing piecewise flat embeddings for data clustering and image segmentation (2016)

Image segmentation is a popular area of research in computer vision that has many applications in automated image processing. A recent technique called piecewise flat embeddings (PFE) has been proposed for use in image segmentation; PFE transforms image pixel data into a lower dimensional representation where similar pixels are pulled close together and dissimilar pixels are pushed apart. This technique has shown promising results, but its original formulation is not computationally feasible for large images. We propose two improvements to the algorithm for computing PFE: first, we reformulate portions of the algorithm to enable various linear algebra operations to be performed in parallel; second, we propose utilizing an iterative linear solver (preconditioned conjugate gradient) to quickly solve a linear least-squares problem that occurs in the inner loop of a nested iteration. With these two computational improvements, we show on a publicly available image database that PFE can be sped up by an order of magnitude without sacrificing segmentation performance. Our results make this technique more practical for use on large data sets, not only for image segmentation, but for general data clustering problems.
The Repurposed Drugs Suramin and Quinacrine Cooperatively Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro In Vitro (2021)

Since the first report of a new pneumonia disease in December 2019 (Wuhan, China) the WHO reported more than 148 million confirmed cases and 3.1 million losses globally up to now. The causative agent of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, resulting in a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude. To date, several clinically safe and efficient vaccines (e.g., Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines) as well as drugs for emergency use have been approved. However, increasing numbers of SARS-Cov-2 variants make it imminent to identify an alternative way to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. A well-known strategy to identify molecules with inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 proteins is repurposing clinically developed drugs, e.g., antiparasitic drugs. The results described in this study demonstrated the inhibitory potential of quinacrine and suramin against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>). Quinacrine and suramin molecules presented a competitive and noncompetitive inhibition mode, respectively, with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the low micromolar range. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments demonstrated that quinacrine and suramin alone possessed a moderate or weak affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup> but suramin binding increased quinacrine interaction by around a factor of eight. Using docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we identified a possible binding mode and the amino acids involved in these interactions. Our results suggested that suramin, in combination with quinacrine, showed promising synergistic efficacy to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup>. We suppose that the identification of effective, synergistic drug combinations could lead to the design of better treatments for the COVID-19 disease and repurposable drug candidates offer fast therapeutic breakthroughs, mainly in a pandemic moment.
Geminal Charge-Assisted Tetrel Bonds in Bis-Pyridinium Methylene Salts (2023)

C(sp<sup>3</sup>) atoms are known to act as electrophilic sites in self-assembly processes, and in all cases reported till now, they form only one interaction with nucleophiles; that is, they function as monodentate tetrel bond donors. This manuscript reports experimental (X-ray structural analysis) and theoretical evidence (DFT calculations), proving that the methylene carbon in bis-pyridinium methylene salts establishes two short and directional C(sp<sup>3</sup>)···anion interactions; that is, they function as bidentate tetrel bond donors.
Analysis and Comparison of Noncoherent Code Tracking Loops for DS-CDMA Systems (1997)

In this paper, the performances of two noncoherent code tracking loops, i. e., traditional code tracking loop(TCTL) and modified code tracking loop(MCTL) are analyzed and compared in a CDMA mobile environment. Closed-form formulas for steady-state jitter variance are derived analytically for the two schemes as a function of the pulse shaping filter, timing offset, signal-to-interference ratio, and loop bandwidth. The design issues of the loop filter are also addressed with emphasis on the second-order tracking loop. Finally, the degradation of BER performance due to timing errors is examined in a CDMA reverse link for IMT-2000 designed by ETRI.
Alkaline resistant phosphate glasses and method of preparation and use thereof (2023)

A substantially alkaline resistant calcium-iron-phosphate (CFP) glass and methods of making and using thereof. In one application, the CFP glass is drawn into a fiber and dispersed in cement to produce glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) articles having the high compressive strength of concrete with the high impact, flexural and tensile strength associated with glass fibers.
Drug-resistance associated alterations of cell surface antigen expression in a human anthracycline-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line. (1994)

The anthracycline uptake and cell surface expression of plasma membrane antigens (HLA class I, c-erbB-2, protectin-CD59, integrin beta 1-chain-CD29, etc.) were compared on a parental anthracycline sensitive and an anthracycline-resistant subline of the human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780. The anthracycline-resistant (A2780/ADR) subline incubated for 30 min in the presence of daunomycin displayed two subpopulations with different anthracycline cell content as determined by flow cytometry. The subpopulation with lower daunomycin cell content was absent in the parental anthracycline sensitive cell line. The most predominant antigenic changes on the resistant subline as compared with the sensitive one were as follow: Loss of HLA class I and a twofold increase in the expression of CD59 antigen and a slight decrease of integrin beta 1-chain on the cell surface of the resistant subline.
The Effects of Antibodies on Stilbene Excited‐State Energetics (2006)

You light up my life! Antibodies, when bound to a donor–acceptor-substituted stilbene, strongly fluoresce with colors ranging from blue to green. Photophysical and structural analyses indicate that antibody binding alters the excited-state behavior of stilbene. Such complexes may find in vitro and in vivo application as fluorescent biosensors.