gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FRANCHISSEMENT DU RHONE : LE PONT HAUBANE DE BEAUCAIRE TARASCON (2000)

Le pont de Beaucaire Tarascon franchit le Rhone sur une longueur de 410 m avec une travee centrale de 192,80 m. Il s'agit du maillon le plus important de la deviation des deux agglomerations. Il a fait l'objet de nombreuses attentions et son aspect architectural en fait une porte prestigieuse entre les departements du Gard et des Bouches-du-Rhone. L'ouvrage innovant, en cours d'achevement debut 2000, comporte un tablier tres mince en beton haute performance precontraint supporte par 4 nappes laterales de haubans accroches a deux pylones en forme de lyre de 67 m de hauteur. (A) (Titre en anglais et en espagnol : Crossing the Rhone : the Beaucaire Tarascon cable-stayed bridge - Franqueo del rio Rodano. El puente de tirantes de Beaucaire Tarascon)
Toward an Actionable Socioeconomic-Aware HCI (2021)

Although inequities for individuals in different socioeconomic situations are starting to capture widespread attention, less attention has been given to the socioeconomic inequities that saturate socioeconomic-diverse individuals' user experiences. To enable HCI practitioners to attend to such inequities and avoid unwittingly introducing them, in this paper we consider a wide body of research relevant to how an individual's socioeconomic status (SES) can affect their user experiences with technology. We synthesize this foundational research to produce a core set of 6 evidence-based SES "facets" (attribute types and value ranges) that directly relate to user experiences for individuals in different SES strata. We then harness these SES facets to produce actionable paths forward -- including a new structured method we call SocioeconomicMag -- by which HCI researchers and practitioners can bring new socioeconomic-aware practices into their everyday HCI work.
Truth-Table Look-Up Processing: Number Representation, Multilevel Coding, And Logical Minimization (1986)

The need for ultra-high-speed computing for a variety of modern processing problems has generated new interest in using truth-table look-up techniques. Further, due to the frequently parallel nature of these processing problems, optical systems appear to be promising for these applications. The basic principles of truth-table look-up processing are reviewed in this paper. The issues of number representation, multilevel coding, and logical minimization are discussed. Example fixed-radix and residue number representations are given with and without multilevel coding. Logical reduction techniques are discussed with examples. A comparison of the number of truth-table entries needed for 16-bit full-precision addition and multiplication is given, illustrating the advantage of the multilevel coded residue number representation.
Combline Filters Implemented in SSS (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Combline Filters Design Method Design Example Realizations and Measured Performance Conclusions References
Plasmon-enhanced terahertz near-field spectroscopy (2007)

We observe a terahertz field enhancement in the junction between a sub-wavelength metal probe tip and a metallic substrate. We exploit this in the first observation of a metal-insulator phase transition using terahertz near-field techniques.
Synthesis of 7‐Aza‐ and 7‐Thiasphingosines, and Evaluation of Their Interaction with Sphingosine Kinases and with T‐Cells (2009)

The synthesis of 7-oxasphingosine (3) and 7-oxaceramide (4) was improved by starting from the 4-methoxybenzyl-protected d-galactal 9. The sphingosine analogues 5-7 and 24 were synthesized via the azido alcohol 13. The 7-thiasphingosine 5 is a poorer substrate for both isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SPHK) than sphingosine, but showed a slight preference for SPHK2. The sulfone 6 and the 7-aza compounds 7 and 24 were not phosphorylated by either SPHK1 or SPHK2, and none of 5-7 and 24 activated invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell clones when presented by human CD1d-transfected antigen-presenting cells (APC) or by plate-bound human CD1d. Only 7 and 24 associated with plate-bound recombinant CD1d prevented stimulation of iNKT cells by alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer).
Phaeosphaeride A, an Inhibitor of STAT3‐Dependent Signaling Isolated from an Endophytic Fungus. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Approach to β‐Amino Acids by Acylation of Arenes with N‐Acyl Aspartic Anhydrides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonlinear model predictive control based on predicted state error convergence (2004)

Systems subject to nonholonomic constraints or nonintegrable conservation laws may be modeled as driftless nonlinear control systems. Such systems are not stabilizable using continuous time-invariant state feedback. Time varying or piecewise continuous feedback are the only stabilization strategies currently available. This paper presents a new feedback stabilization algorithm for this class of systems by choosing the control action based on a gradient matrix to reduce the predicted state error. This approach is similar to the model predictive control but does not consider optimality nor constraints explicitly. As a result, the on-line computation load is greatly reduced. Existing stability analysis techniques for model predictive control are not directly applicable due to the lack of local stabilizability. We show that under the full rank condition of a gradient matrix, the closed loop system is globally asymptotically stable. Examples of several nonlinear control systems are included to illustrate the proposed method.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structures of Novel Spiro 1,3‐Benzoxazine Dimers. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metamaterial filter for the near-visible spectrum (2012)

We demonstrate metamaterials operating in the near-visible regime based on two-dimensional arrays of gold-coated silicon nanopillars. The nanopillar arrays demonstrate a cutoff response at the metamaterial plasma frequency in accordance with theory and can be utilized for filtering applications. A plasma frequency in the near visible region of λ = 1 μm is calculated numerically for an array with a lattice constant of 300 nm and wire radius of 50 nm, with reflection measurements in agreement with numerical calculations. Such structures can be utilized for achieving negative-index based metamaterials for the visible spectrum.
Impact of gender on the cardiac autonomic response to angiotensin II in healthy humans (2012)

Premenopausal women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with men of a similar age. Furthermore, the regulation of factors that influence CVD appears to differ between the sexes, including control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the renin-angiotensin system. We examined the cardiac ANS response to angiotensin II (Ang II) challenge in healthy subjects to determine whether differences in women and men exist. Thirty-six healthy subjects (21 women, 15 men, age 38 ± 2 years) were studied in a high-salt balance. Heart-rate variability (HRV) was calculated by spectral power analysis [low-frequency (LF) sympathetic modulation, high-frequency (HF) parasympathetic/vagal modulation, and LF:HF as a measure of overall ANS balance]. HRV was assessed at baseline and in response to graded Ang II infusions (3 ng·kg −1 ·min −1 × 30 min; 6 ng·kg −1 ·min −1 × 30 min). Cardiac ANS tone did not change significantly in women after each Ang II dose [3 ng·kg −1 ·min −1 mean change (Δ)LF:HF (mean ± SE) 0.5 ± 0.3, P = 0.8, vs. baseline; 6 ng·kg −1 ·min −1 ΔLF:HF (mean ± SE) 0.5 ± 0.4, P = 0.4, vs. baseline], whereas men exhibited an unfavorable shift in overall cardiac ANS activity in response to Ang II (ΔLF:HF 2.6 ± 0.2, P = 0.01, vs. baseline; P = 0.02 vs. female response). This imbalance in sympathovagal tone appeared to be largely driven by a withdrawal in cardioprotective vagal activity in response to Ang II challenge [ΔHF normalized units (nu), −5.8 ± 2.9, P = 0.01, vs. baseline; P = 0.006 vs. women] rather than an increase in sympathetic activity (ΔLF nu, −4.5 ± 5.7, P = 0.3, vs. baseline; P = 0.5 vs. women). Premenopausal women maintain cardiac ANS tone in response to Ang II challenge, whereas similarly aged men exhibit an unfavorable shift in cardiovagal activity. Understanding the role of gender in ANS modulation may help guide risk-reduction strategies in high-risk CVD populations.
Automatic identification of segmentation errors for radiotherapy using geometric learning (2022)

Automatic segmentation of organs-at-risk (OARs) in CT scans using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is being introduced into the radiotherapy workflow. However, these segmentations still require manual editing and approval by clinicians prior to clinical use, which can be time consuming. The aim of this work was to develop a tool to automatically identify errors in 3D OAR segmentations without a ground truth. Our tool uses a novel architecture combining a CNN and graph neural network (GNN) to leverage the segmentation's appearance and shape. The proposed model is trained using self-supervised learning using a synthetically-generated dataset of segmentations of the parotid and with realistic contouring errors. The effectiveness of our model is assessed with ablation tests, evaluating the efficacy of different portions of the architecture as well as the use of transfer learning from an unsupervised pretext task. Our best performing model predicted errors on the parotid gland with a precision of 85.0% &amp; 89.7% for internal and external errors respectively, and recall of 66.5% &amp; 68.6%. This offline QA tool could be used in the clinical pathway, potentially decreasing the time clinicians spend correcting contours by detecting regions which require their attention. All our code is publicly available at https://github.com/rrr-uom-projects/contour_auto_QATool.
Clinicopathological characterization of an HIV-2-infected individual with two clonally unrelated primary lymphomas (2000)

Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) is endemic in West Africa and is a causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Only a small number of HIV-2-infected patients have been described in detail. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the second most common neoplasm occurring in HIV-1-infected patients, but its incidence seems to be lower in HIV-2-infected individuals. We report an HIV-2-infected patient from Cape Verde (West Africa) with separate and distinct systemic and primary central nervous system large B-cell lymphomas and review the findings of cases of HIV-2-associated lymphomas reported in the literature. Different clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene could be detected in the two lymphomas of our patient by polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. These data indicate the presence of two clonally unrelated large B-cell lymphomas in the same patient, which is an unusual finding. Neither Epstein-Barr virus nor human herpesvirus 8 could be detected in the tumor tissues or the cerebrospinal fluid. HIV-2 infection should be considered in patients with NHL, especially in those from West Africa. Am. J. Hematol. 65:302–306, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dichlorophenyl dimethylurea (DCMU) induced increase in chlorophyll a fluorescence intensity – An index of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in leaves, chloroplasts and algae (1980)

Abstract Dichlorophenyl dimethylurea (DCMU) treatment in photosynthetic samples resulted in an increase in the level of steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence at room temperature which was directly proportional to the photosynthetic efficiency. The applicability of this method for the rapid determination of the efficiency of oxygen evolution in leaves, algae, mesophyll cells and chloroplasts has been investigated. Especially reliable values with less than 5% error were obtained if the fluorescence measurements were made under low excitation intensities with a sample chlorophyll concentration below 1.0 μg/ml.
Voltage-gated potassium channels (K<sub>v</sub>) in GtoPdb v.2023.1 (2023)

The 6TM family of K channels comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, the EAG subfamily (which includes hERG channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 7TM, termed BK) and the Ca2+-activated SK subfamily. These channels possess a pore-forming α subunit that comprise tetramers of identical subunits (homomeric) or of different subunits (heteromeric). Heteromeric channels can only be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kv1.1 with Kv1.2; Kv7.2 with Kv7.3). The pharmacology largely reflects the subunit composition of the functional channel.Kv7 channelsKv7.1-Kv7.5 (KCNQ1-5) K+ channels are voltage-gated K+ channels with major roles in neurons, muscle cells and epithelia where they underlie physiologically important K+ currents, such as the neuronal M-current and the cardiac IKs. Genetic deficiencies in all five KCNQ genes result in human excitability disorders, including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, cardiac arrhythmias and deafness. Thanks to the recent knowledge of the structure and function of human KCNQ-encoded proteins, these channels are increasingly used as drug targets for treating diseases [326, 2, 767].
Observation of CO and CO_2 absorption near 157 µm with an external-cavity diode laser (1997)

Near-IR and visible room-temperature diode lasers in broadly tunable external-cavity configurations are becoming commercially available for gas-sensing applications. Near 1.57 mum, a coincidence of overtone and combination-band transitions from CO, CO(2), OH, and H(2)O is particularly interesting for combustion and combustor emissions monitoring. We report initial observations of the room-temperature absorption of CO and CO(2) made with a commercial external-cavity diode laser.
Reliability of die to wafer bonding using copper-tin interconnections (2013)

One major step for 3D integration is the die stacking which has to meet mechanical and electrical requirements. Transient Liquid Phase bonding is studied because it is suitable with high interconnection density and also multiple stacking. For this study, top and bottom wafers including redistribution layers were electroplated with CuSn and Cu respectively. Die to wafer bonding was carried out at 250 °C in neutral atmosphere. Capillary underfill was added in some cases to check its influence. Interconnections quality was then assessed. Electrical tests were carried out using daisy chains. Shear tests enabled to check mechanical strength and failure location. Finally, cross sectional scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry allowed identifying metallurgical phases and potential defects. These characterizations were achieved before and after aging. This aging consisted either in thermal cycle test (TCT: 500 cycles between −40 °C and 125 °C with 10min soak time) or high temperature storage (HTS) applying the same thermal budget as during the TCT. After assembling, interconnections have very good electrical and mechanical properties. Their degradations are measured after TCT but they are larger than after HTS. This reveals failure mechanisms is not only based on chemical aging but also involve thermomechanical stress. This last feature has been limited thanks to underfill addition. Its effect was investigated through TCT where electrical yield drop was lower than when the gap between the die and the wafer is not filled. Moreover, SEM images reveal different kinds and densities of voids. Kirkendall voids are located at the Cu/Cu3Sn interface. Smaller voids are visible at the initial bonding interface in the case of CuSn to Cu bonding. After aging, some cracks develop mainly through Kirkendall voids which therefore seem to be the most detrimental defects to overcome.
A Neuromorphic Chip Optimized for Deep Learning and CMOS Technology With Time-Domain Analog and Digital Mixed-Signal Processing (2017)

Demand for highly energy-efficient coprocessor for the inference computation of deep neural networks is increasing. We propose the time-domain neural network (TDNN), which employs time-domain analog and digital mixed-signal processing (TDAMS) that uses delay time as the analog signal. TDNN not only exploits energy-efficient analog computing, but also enables fully spatially unrolled architecture by the hardware-efficient feature of TDAMS. The proposed fully spatially unrolled architecture reduces energy-hungry data moving for weight and activations, thus contributing to significant improvement of energy efficiency. We also propose useful training techniques that mitigate the non-ideal effect of analog circuits, which enables to simplify the circuits and leads to maximizing the energy efficiency. The proof-of-concept chip shows unprecedentedly high energy efficiency of 48.2 TSop/s/W.
Modal Coupling in Micromechanical Vibratory Rate Gyroscopes (2006)

The authors present modeling approaches to describe the coupling of modes in a resonant vibratory rate gyroscope. Modal coupling due to off-diagonal stiffness and damping terms is considered. Three analytical modeling approaches are presented in the context of a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$z$</tex> -axis micromechanical vibratory rate gyroscope fabricated in an integrated polysilicon surface-micromachining process. The first approach is based on frequency-response analysis of the gyroscope output. The second approach takes the route of state-space-based system identification to identify the modal-coupling parameters. A third approach based on measured vibration data identifies the coupling parameters due to stiffness and damping. These three methods are then applied to predict the extent of displacement and force coupling between the drive and the sense axes of an existing device as a function of varying degrees of matching between the resonant frequencies associated with the drive and the sense modes. Experimental data show that as the resonant frequencies of the drive and sense modes are brought closer together, an improvement in overall resolution and scale factor of the device is obtained at the expense of an enhanced coupling of forces to displacements between the two axes and the onset of instability for an open-loop sensing implementation.
Adaptable access system: pursuit of ideal future access system architecture (2012)

In this article, we propose a concept of an "adaptable access system" as future access system architecture. First, current issues and trends in communications networks are shown from various points of view, to discuss essential items for a future access system. Next, to set the basic direction of research and development for physical network infrastructure, three visions in the design of future access system architectures are shown. Based on the three visions, three technological targets (key concepts) for realizing the adaptable access system, active single star, servicearea-variable minimum cellular, and access system virtualization, are derived.
The centigray as the SI unit of dose (1979)

Dr. Halnan asks (Halnan, 1978) for support for the use of the centigray (cGy) as the practical SI unit of dose for clinical radiotherapy. We wish to offer our support, and endorse his reasons. We have in mind particularly those circumstances where dose is prescribed as, for example, 60 rad (0.6 Gy) daily, or in the case of total body treatments say 10 rad (0.10 Gy) and where serious error could arise in association with the use of the gray.
Elucidation of the GSK3α Structure Informs the Design of Novel, Paralog-Selective Inhibitors (2023)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) remains a therapeutic target of interest for diverse clinical indications. However, one hurdle in the development of small molecule GSK3 inhibitors has been safety concerns related to pan-inhibition of both GSK3 paralogs, leading to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and potential for aberrant cell proliferation. Development of GSK3α or GSK3β paralog-selective inhibitors that could offer an improved safety profile has been reported but further advancement has been hampered by the lack of structural information for GSK3α. Here we report for the first time the crystal structure for GSK3α, both in apo form and bound to a paralog-selective inhibitor. Taking advantage of this new structural information, we describe the design and in vitro testing of novel compounds with up to ∼37-fold selectivity for GSK3α over GSK3β with favorable drug-like properties. Furthermore, using chemoproteomics, we confirm that acute inhibition of GSK3α can lower tau phosphorylation at disease-relevant sites in vivo, with a high degree of selectivity over GSK3β and other kinases. Altogether, our studies advance prior efforts to develop GSK3 inhibitors by describing GSK3α structure and novel GSK3α inhibitors with improved selectivity, potency, and activity in disease-relevant systems.
Simple full-range carrier frequency offset estimation for high speed CO-OFDM (2013)

We propose a simple, full-range carrier frequency offset (CFO) algorithm for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. By applying the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) to training symbol of single frequency, the proposed CFO algorithm has wide range with shorter training symbol. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate the performance of CRT-based algorithms in a 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) CO-OFDM system. The results show that the estimation range of the CRT-based algorithm is full-range corresponding to the sampling frequency. Also, the bit error ratio (BER) degradation of the proposed algorithm with one training symbol is negligible. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm can be used as a wide range CFO estimator with an increased data rate in high speed CO-OFDM systems.
Assessment of whole blood thrombosis in a microfluidic device lined by fixed human endothelium (2016)

The vascular endothelium and shear stress are critical determinants of physiological hemostasis and platelet function in vivo, yet current diagnostic and monitoring devices do not fully incorporate endothelial function under flow in their assessment and, therefore, they can be unreliable and inaccurate. It is challenging to include the endothelium in assays for clinical laboratories or point-of-care settings because living cell cultures are not sufficiently robust. Here, we describe a microfluidic device that is lined by a human endothelium that is chemically fixed, but still retains its ability to modulate hemostasis under continuous flow in vitro even after few days of storage. This device lined with a fixed endothelium supports formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the presence of physiological shear, similar to a living arterial vessel. We demonstrate the potential clinical value of this device by showing that thrombus formation and platelet function can be measured within minutes using a small volume (0.5 mL) of whole blood taken from subjects receiving antiplatelet medications. The inclusion of a fixed endothelial microvessel will lead to biomimetic analytical devices that can potentially be used for diagnostics and point-of-care applications.