gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Diols: Effective Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Essential Role of Spinel MgFe2O4 Surfaces during Discharge (2020)

Spinel magnesium ferrite (MgFe 2 O 4 ) is a prospective anode material in lithium ion battery (LIB) due to its large theoretical capacity. Here, we employed Density Functional Theory (DFT) to study the contribution from diverse facets of three spinel systems of MgFe 2 O 4 , normal-spinel, mixed-spinel and inverse-spinel, to the initial discharge behaviors. The mixed-spinel (1 0 0) surface terminated by MgFeO x is found to be the most active among the diverse surfaces studied. It can provide the high capacity, the high voltage and facile Li + transport during the initial discharge stage. The high performance is found to be associated with the high surface activity to capture Li + ions, and the ability to accommodate a large amount of Li + ions and facilitate the sequential smooth transport to subsurface. The DFT-estimated discharge voltages based on the mixed-spinel (1 0 0) surface terminated by MgFeO x are much higher than those using the stoichiometric bulk models and fit well with the corresponding experimental measurement at the initial stage. Our results develop new design strategies for optimization of particle morphologies, enabling the enhancement in stability and discharge performance of ferrite materials.
The potential of BRAF-associated non-coding RNA as a therapeutic target in melanoma (2018)

The advent of targeted therapies and immune checkpoints inhibitors has enhanced the treatment of metastatic melanomas. Despite striking improvements of patients' survival, drug resistance continues to limit the efficacy of such treatments. Genetic and nongenetic/adaptive mechanisms of resistance could be involved; in the latter mechanism, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key players. Areas covered: This article outlines the current knowledge of ncRNA involvement in BRAF-mutant melanomas and the development of resistance to targeted/immunotherapies. We also discuss how ncRNAs can be exploited for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Expert opinion: ncRNAs can be envisaged as powerful diagnostics and therapeutics. Despite progress in our knowledge about their deregulation in cancer, it is still difficult to derive universal and robust ncRNAs unique signatures of malignancy for diagnostic purposes, which need validation in large cohort of patients. Also, ncRNA specific targeting to melanoma cells in vivo requires the development of improved systemic delivery tools. In this regard, the development of stable nanodelivery particles seems to offer renewed hope for success in the clinic.
Macromol. Biosci. 8/2011 (2011)

Front Cover: Dendritic polyglycerol sulfates (dPGS) can inhibit the physiological selectin-ligand interaction in the cascade of leukocyte recruitment in inflammatory settings. Untreated leukocytes attach and slow down on the flow chamber surface (left) while dPGS-treated leukocytes (right) show drastically reduced attachment and cell rolling. Further details can be found in the article by M. Weinhart, D. Gröger, S. Enders, S. B. Riese, J. Dernedde, R. K. Kainthan, D. E. Brooks, and R. Haag* on page 1088.
MIMO Capacity in Correlated Interference-Limited Channels (2007)

This paper analyzes the capacity of MIMO channels in the presence of both antenna correlation and co-channel interference. We investigate the optimization of the input covariance, characterize the optimality of beamforming, and study the behavior of the input covariance in the low and high-power regimes. For the special case of separable correlations, we also derive analytical expressions for the key statistical properties of the spectral efficiency achievable with an arbitrary input covariance. Altogether, our analysis enables assessing the joint impact of correlation and interference on the capacity of multiantenna architectures in a cellular system.
Proceedings of the 7th Biannual International Symposium on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 2015 (2016)

The international geographic distribution of NPC is unique among malignancies. Incidence rates can exceed 20 per 100,000 personyears among males and 10 per 100,000 person-years among females in southern China. Intermediate rates are observed in Southeast Asia, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arctic, as well as among Asian and Pacific Islander migrant populations, while rates generally remain below 1 per 100,000 throughout the rest of the world. The agespecific incidence rate peaks at around 45-59 years in high-incidence areas, whereas a small early incidence peak at ages 15-19 years is followed by a later peak at around 65-79 years in low-incidence areas. The male-to-female incidence ratio is consistently around 2-3 or greater. Much of the striking geographic variation may be attributable to certain risk factors, such as certain HLA alleles and consumption of Chinese-style salted fish, whose geographic distribution mirrors that of NPC. Other NPC risk factors, such as EBV infection, are ubiquitous, yet are almost certainly modified by geographically heterogeneous co-factors. Most established risk factors for NPC are associated with undifferentiated NPC, although tobacco smoking is more strongly associated with squamous cell NPC. The recent worldwide decline in NPC incidence, especially in high-incidence regions, points to an important role of modifiable environmental risk factors that could serve as targets for further disease prevention.
High Capacity Field Trials of 40.5 Tb/s for LH Distance of 1,822 km and 54.2 Tb/s for Regional Distance of 634 km (2013)

40.5 Tb/s over 1,822km and 54.2 Tb/s over 634km field SSMF was realized using 41 Nyquist rate DP-8QAM and DP-16QAM superchannels. They are the highest field capacities for long-haul and regional distances achieved so far.
Opportunistic Flow-Level Latency Estimation Using Consistent NetFlow (2011)

The inherent measurement support in routers (SNMP counters or NetFlow) is not sufficient to diagnose performance problems in IP networks, especially for flow-specific problems where the aggregate behavior within a router appears normal. Tomographic approaches to detect the location of such problems are not feasible in such cases as active probes can only catch aggregate characteristics. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a Consistent NetFlow (CNF) architecture for measuring per-flow delay measurements within routers. CNF utilizes the existing NetFlow architecture that already reports the first and last timestamps per flow, and it proposes hash-based sampling to ensure that two adjacent routers record the same flows. We devise a novel Multiflow estimator that approximates the intermediate delay samples from other background flows to significantly improve the per-flow latency estimates compared to the naive estimator that only uses actual flow samples. In our experiments using real backbone traces and realistic delay models, we show that the Multiflow estimator is accurate with a median relative error of less than 20% for flows of size greater than 100 packets. We also show that Multiflow estimator performs two to three times better than a prior approach based on trajectory sampling at an equivalent packet sampling rate.
Bird-Strike Analysis Using Eulerian Peridynamic Formulation (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Analytic Solution for $PT$-Symmetric Volume Gratings (2014)

We study the diffraction produced by a $PT$-symmetric volume Bragg grating that combines modulation of refractive index and gain/loss of the same periodicity with a quarter-period shift between them. Such a complex grating has a directional coupling between the different diffraction orders, which allows us to find an analytic solution for the first three orders of the full Maxwell equations without resorting to the paraxial approximation. This is important, because only with the full equations can the boundary conditions, allowing for reflections, be properly implemented. Using our solution we analyze the properties of such a grating in a wide variety of configurations.
Development and Testing of Harpoon-Based Approaches for Collecting Comet Samples (Video Supplement) (2017)

This video supplement contains a set of videos created during the approximately 10-year-long course of developing and testing the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) harpoon-based approach for collecting comet samples. The purpose of the videos is to illustrate various design concepts used in this method of acquiring samples of comet material, the testing used to verify the concepts, and the evolution of designs and testing. To play the videos this PDF needs to be opened in the freeware Adobe Reader. They do not seem to play while within a browser. While this supplement can be used as a stand-alone document, it is intended to augment its parent document of the same title, Development and Testing of Harpoon-Based Approaches for Collecting Comet Samples (NASA/CR-2017-219018; this document is accessible from the website: https://ssed.gsfc.nasa.gov/harpoon/SAS_Paper-V1.pdf). The parent document, which only contains text and figures, describes the overall development and testing effort and contains references to each of the videos in this supplement. Thus, the videos are primarily intended to augment the information provided by the text and figures in the parent document. This approach was followed to allow the file size of the parent document to remain small enough to facilitate downloading and storage. Some of the videos were created by other organizations, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU APL) and the German Aerospace Center called, the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), who are partnering with GSFC on developing this technology. Each video is accompanied by text that provides a summary description of its nature and purpose, as well as the identity of the authors. All videos have been edited to only show key parts of the testing. Although not all videos have sound, the sound has been retained in those that have it. Also, each video has been given one or more title screens to clarify what is going in different phases of the video.
Experimental demonstration of a conformal optical metamaterial absorber (2011)

In this paper, we present the first ever experimental demonstration of a conformal optical metamaterial absorber. This metamaterial absorber, composed of a doubly periodic array of stub-loaded H-shaped nanopatches optimized by a genetic algorithm, has two polarization-insensitive and angularly-independent absorption bands at 3.3μm and 3.9μm with absorption larger than 90% up to an angle of incidence of 50°. The metamaterial structure was fabricated and characterized, showing strong agreement with theoretical predictions. Due to the Au ground plane, the performance of this metamaterial absorber is independent of the surface if covers.
N-Terminal Truncation of an Isolated Human IgG1 CH2 Domain Significantly Increases Its Stability and Aggregation Resistance (2013)

Isolated human immunoglobulin G (IgG) CH2 domains are promising scaffolds for novel candidate therapeutics. Unlike other human IgG domains, CH2 is not involved in strong interchain interactions, and isolated CH2 is relatively stable. However, isolated single CH2 is prone to aggregation. In native IgG and Fc molecules, the N-terminal residues of CH2 from the two heavy chains interact with each other and form hinge regions. By contrast, the N-terminal residues are highly disordered in isolated CH2. We have hypothesized that the removal of the CH2 N-terminal residues may not only increase its stability but also its aggregation resistance. To test this hypothesis we constructed a shortened variant of IgG1 CH2 (CH2s) where the first seven residues of the N-terminus were deleted. We found that the thermal stability of CH2s was increased by 5 °C compared to CH2. Importantly, we demonstrated that CH2s is significantly less prone to aggregation than CH2 as measured by Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, turbidity, and light scattering. We also found that the CH2s exhibited pH-dependent binding to a soluble single-chain human neonatal Fc receptor (shFcRn) which was significantly stronger than the very weak binding of CH2 to shFcRn as measured by flow cytometry. Computer modeling suggested a possible mode of CH2 aggregation involving its N-terminal residues. Therefore, deletion of the N-terminal residues could increase drugability of CH2-based therapeutic candidates. This strategy to increase stability and aggregation resistance could also be applicable to other Ig-related proteins.
The Immune System Computes the State of the Body: Crowd Wisdom, Machine Learning, and Immune Cell Reference Repertoires Help Manage Inflammation (2019)

Here, we outline an overview of the mammalian immune system that updates and extends the classical clonal selection paradigm. Rather than focusing on strict self-not-self discrimination, we propose that the system orchestrates variable inflammatory responses that maintain the body and its symbiosis with the microbiome while eliminating the threat from pathogenic infectious agents and from tumors. The paper makes four points: The immune system classifies healthy and pathologic states of the body-including both self and foreign elements-by deploying individual lymphocytes as cellular computing machines; immune cells transform input signals from the body into an output of specific immune reactions.Rather than independent clonal responses, groups of individually activated immune-system cells co-react in lymphoid organs to make collective decisions through a type of self-organizing swarm intelligence or crowd wisdom.Collective choices by swarms of immune cells, like those of schools of fish, are modified by relatively small numbers of individual regulators responding to shifting conditions-such collective inflammatory responses are dynamically responsive.Self-reactive autoantibody and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires shared by healthy individuals function in a biological version of experience-based supervised machine learning. Immune system decisions are primed by formative experience with training sets of self-antigens encountered during lymphocyte development; these initially trained T cell and B cell repertoires form a Wellness Profile that then guides immune responses to test sets of antigens encountered later. This experience-based machine learning strategy is analogous to that deployed by supervised machine-learning algorithms. We propose experiments to test these ideas. This overview of the immune system bears clinical implications for monitoring wellness and for treating autoimmune disease, cancer, and allograft reactions.
Substrate analog renin inhibitors containing replacements of histidine in P2 or isosteres of the amide bond between P3 and P2 sites (1991)

Incorporation of beta-alanine or gamma-aminobutyric acid in position P2 of ACHPA or Leu psi [CHOHCH2]Val-based tetrapeptides gave highly active renin inhibitors (compounds V, VI, and XVII) with high specificity for renin and a remarkable stability against chymotrypsin. Replacement of the amide bond between P2 and P3 by isosteres (ketomethylenes, hydroxyethylenes, and the corresponding thio-insertion analogues) led to compounds (VIII-XIII, XVIII, and XIX) with renin inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range. Oral activity was achieved by incorporation of polar functionalities at the N-terminus of beta-alanine-containing tetrapeptides. One of these compounds (XXVIII) was chosen for further studies. This inhibitor demonstrated excellent efficacy and a long duration of action after intravenous and oral administration to cynomolgus monkeys.
Integrated and portable magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy ensembles\n in diamond (2020)

Magnetic field sensors that exploit quantum effects have shown that they can\noutperform classical sensors in terms of sensitivity enabling a range of novel\napplications in future, such as a brain machine interface. Negatively charged\nnitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a promising high\nsensitivity platform for measuring magnetic fields at room temperature.\nTransferring this technology from laboratory setups into products and\napplications, the total size of the sensor, the overall power consumption, and\nthe costs need to be reduced and optimized. Here, we demonstrate a fiber-based\nNV magnetometer featuring a complete integration of all functional components\nwithout using any bulky laboratory equipment. This integrated prototype allows\nportable measurement of magnetic fields with a sensitivity of 344 pT/ SqrtHz.\n
Genetic predictors of lifelong medication-use patterns in cardiometabolic diseases (2023)

Little is known about the genetic determinants of medication use in preventing cardiometabolic diseases. Using the Finnish nationwide drug purchase registry with follow-up since 1995, we performed genome-wide association analyses of longitudinal patterns of medication use in hyperlipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes in up to 193,933 individuals (55% women) in the FinnGen study. In meta-analyses of up to 567,671 individuals combining FinnGen with the Estonian Biobank and the UK Biobank, we discovered 333 independent loci (P < 5 × 10<sup>-9</sup>) associated with medication use. Fine-mapping revealed 494 95% credible sets associated with the total number of medication purchases, changes in medication combinations or treatment discontinuation, including 46 credible sets in 40 loci not associated with the underlying treatment targets. The polygenic risk scores (PRS) for cardiometabolic risk factors were strongly associated with the medication-use behavior. A medication-use enhanced multitrait PRS for coronary artery disease matched the performance of a risk factor-based multitrait coronary artery disease PRS in an independent sample (UK Biobank, n = 343,676). In summary, we demonstrate medication-based strategies for identifying cardiometabolic risk loci and provide genome-wide tools for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Supersonic Shear Wave Elastography for the In Vivo Evaluation of Transepithelial Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (2014)

Intraocular pressure variations were the most important limitations for in vivo stiffness monitoring with SSI because stiffness is a function of internal pressure. Supersonic shear wave imaging succeeded in comparing corneas that underwent I-CXL by performing ex vivo inflation tests where pressure was controlled. Iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking corneas exhibited increased resistance to pressure rise, indicating stiffening. In vivo I-CXL and ex vivo SSI is an interesting model to evaluate the sole effect of photopolymerization occurring in the CXL process close to physiological conditions.
Expanding the Catalytic Scope of (Cyclopentadienone)iron Complexes to the Hydrogenation of Activated Esters to Alcohols (2016)

Abstract Herein, we report the application of easy‐to‐make and bench‐stable (cyclopentadienone)iron complexes (such as 1 ) as precatalysts for the hydrogenation of esters. After optimization of the reaction conditions (i.e., solvent, temperature, pressure), complex 1 was tested in the hydrogenation of a range of esters. With most of the activated trifluoroacetate esters, quantitative formation of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol was obtained at low catalyst loadings. For nonactivated esters, no reaction was observed. Trifluoroacetic acid, a common impurity in hydrolytically labile trifluoroacetate esters, was shown to act as a poison for the catalyst. However, the simple addition of Et 3 N allowed the catalyst activity to be restored. Our study constitutes the first examples of ester hydrogenation with an Fe complex based on a non‐pincer ligand.
Medial-node models to identify and measure objects in real-time 3-D echocardiography (1999)

A method is proposed for the automatic, rapid, and stable identification and measurement of objects in three-dimensional (3-D) images. It is based on local shape properties derived statistically from populations of medial primitives sought throughout the image space. These shape properties are measured at medial locations within the object and include scale, orientation, endness, and medial dimensionality. Medial dimensionality is a local shape property differentiating sphere-like, cylinder-like, and slab-like structures, with intermediate dimensionality also possible. Endness is a property found at the cap of a cylinder or the edge of a slab. In terms of an application, the cardiac left ventricle (LV) during systole is modeled as a large dark cylinder with an apical cap, terminated at the other end by a thin bright slab-like mitral valve (MV). Such a model, containing medial shape properties at just a few locations, along with the relative distances and orientations between these locations, is intuitive and robust and permits automated detection of the LV axis in vivo, using real-time 3-D (RT3D) echocardiography. The statistical nature of these shape properties allows their extraction, even in the presence of noise, and permits statistical geometric measurements without exact delineation of boundaries, as demonstrated in determining the volume of balloons in RT3D scans. The inherent high speed of the method is appropriate for real-time clinical use.
Change in Zeta Potential by Alternating Electromagnetic Treatment as Scale Prevention Process (2007)

The interface potential of microparticles in aqueous solution is an important factor for scale formation in a water piping. For application to scale prevention process, the influence of alternating electromagnetic field on the interface potentials of CaC0 3 particles in the solution was investigated. Using a suspension of CaC0 3 particles dispersed in an electrolytic solution, we measured zeta potential changes of the particles by imposition of weak alternating electromagnetic field at different frequency. Consequently, we found that the specific frequency treatment changes the interface potential of particles drastically with an inversion of its sign. It is considered to be due to the specific adsorption of anions in the solution on the particles interface by the effect of induced electric field.
Intraocular pathology of trisomy 18 (Edwards's syndrome): report of a case and review of the literature. (1983)

The ophthalmic histopathology is detailed in a case of trisomy 18 (Edwards's syndrome). In addition to the ocular pathology already reported, previously unreported findings of iris stromal hypoplasia, abnormal lens shape, and decreased ganglion cells in the retina are noted. The ophthalmic histopathology associated with this syndrome and the relationship of several genetic disorders to their ocular manifestations are discussed.