gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell surface expression of the Alzheimer disease-related presenilin proteins (1997)

The presenilin proteins PS-1 and PS-2 are crucially involved in Alzheimer disease (AD), but their molecular functions are not known. They are integral membrane proteins, but whether they can be expressed at the surface of cells has been in dispute. Here we show by immunofluorescence experiments, using anti-peptide antibodies specific for either PS-1 or PS-2, that live cultured DAMI cells and differentiated human NT2N neuronal cells are specifically immunolabeled for their endogenous as well as transfected presenilins, although the cells cannot be immunolabeled for their intracellular tubulin, unless they are first fixed and permeabilized. These and other results establish that portions of the presenilins are indeed expressed at the surfaces of these cells. These findings support our previous proposal that the presenilins on the surface of a cell engage in intercellular interactions with the beta-amyloid precursor protein on the surface of a neighboring cell, as a critical step in the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to AD.
ChemInform Abstract: Perspectives of Spray Pyrolysis for Facile Synthesis of Catalysts and Thin Films: An Introduction and Summary of Recent Directions (2014)

Abstract Review: 102 refs.
<title>Advanced camera for surveys</title> (2000)

The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is a third generation instrument for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). It is currently planned for installation in HST during the fourth servicing mission in Summer 2001. The ACS will have three cameras.
MP37-06 MUSCLE CHARACTERISTICS OBTAINED FROM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MAY BE PROGNOSTICATORS IN CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS: A SINGLE-CENTER ANALYSIS OF 453 PATIENTS (2020)

However, KHO35 of the same dose did not have antitumor effect on other CRPC cell lines, suggesting specific selectivity of KHO35 for NEPC cells. KHO35 inhibited the expression of NEPC-related markers in a dose-dependent manner. The time course changes in NEPC tumor growth were examined using NCI-H660 with KHO35. In vivo, KHO35 had an antitumor effect on NCI-H660 xenograft mice models. These results indicate that KHO35 has a significant antitumor effect on NCI-H660 in vivo as well as in vitro. LCeMS revealed an inhibitory effect of KHO35 on RNA transport and spliceosome pathways.
Correlation of the New York Heart Association Classification and the 6‐Minute Walk Distance: A Systematic Review (2015)

Although there is an inverse correlation between NYHA II-IV and 6MWD, there is significant heterogeneity across studies in 6MWD within each NYHA class and overlap in 6MWD between NYHA I and II. The NYHA classification performs well in more symptomatic patients (NYHA III/IV) but less so in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic patients (NYHA I/II). Nonetheless, the NYHA classification is an easily applied first-line tool in everyday clinical practice, but its potential subjectivity should be considered when performing comparisons across studies.
A novel methodology on tuning work function of metal, gate using stacking bi-metal layers (2005)

We demonstrate that the work function of a metal gate can be varied by inserting a very thin metal layer ("metal A") between a thick metal ("metal B") and the gate dielectric. The flat band voltage (VFB) of the MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) capacitor structure can be controlled within the range bounded by metal A and metal B individually, as demonstrated with various stacked bi-metal layers. For continuous thin layers, we speculate that the work function tunability may be due to the drastic change of the electron density in the thin continuous metal layer in direct contact with a bulk metal. This drastic change of electron density results in a larger junction depth than that expected for a bulk metal. Non-uniform thin layers also appear effective for work function tuning as well, and the observed VFB shift is attributed to the metal island formation at the dielectric/metal A interface.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of (E)‐Enol Acetate Acids (2013)

Abstract The novel rhodium complex [Rh( S )‐Phanephos(cod)]‐catalyzed hydrogenation of disubstituted ( E )‐enol acetate carboxylic acids is reported. The catalytic cycle works under 30 bar of hydrogen under conventional heating giving different 3‐acetoxy‐2,3‐disubstituted carboxylic acids with ee ≥90%. Hydrogenation occurred also under microwave dielectric heating without eroding the enantioselectivity but improving the overall efficiency of the process. With microwaves, hydrogen pressure and reaction time required for complete hydrogenation dropped to 5 bar and 30 min, respectively. The best performance of this catalyst under microwave irradiation was TON 100, TOF 196 h −1 with ee 99% on a 6‐g scale.
The systemic influence of recombinant interleukin 2 on the manifestations of lepromatous leprosy. (1991)

14 patients with lepromatous leprosy received twice daily injections of 10 micrograms recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), by the intradermal route, in the skin of the back for 8 d (total dose, 160 micrograms). Lymphokine administration was accomplished without drug toxicity, or the development of acute nerve damage. The majority of patients developed nontender axillary lymphadenopathy during the course of treatment. Local injection sites showed progressively larger zones of induration, peaking at 24 h and persisting for many days. Early 12-h reactions were of a macular, erythematous nature and exhibited an increasingly striking diurnal variation. The morning injection sites were three- to fourfold larger in diameter than those placed in the evening (9 am to 9 pm). Systemic manifestations of intradermal rIL-2 administration were noted. Peripheral blood T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes, increased 2-2.5-fold and NK cells increased sixfold. Elevations in [3H]TdR incorporation into peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred to a variety of mycobacterial antigens, but not to those of Mycobacterium leprae. Within 2 wk, biopsies at sites far removed from the back showed increased infiltration of mononuclear cells in 12 of 14 patients. Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of newly emigrated CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and dermal CD1+ Langerhans cells. Endothelial cells of small dermal vessels expressed major histocompatibility complex class II determinants on their surface. Transmission electron microscopy of these specimens revealed markedly enlarged endothelial cells with many surface projections extending into the lumen as well as extravasating lymphoid cells. The numbers of acid-fast M. leprae in the peripheral sites were examined by slit smear and in biopsies of matched leprosy lesions taken before and after IL-2 administration. Within 2 mo, slit smears showed a 0.5 log or greater reduction in 12 of 14 patients, with a mean for all patients tested of 0.5 log units. Biopsy specimens showed a 1 log unit or greater reduction in the bacterial index (B.I.) in 6 of 14 patients. Historical controls in this Nepalese population showed a 0.5 log unit reduction after multidrug therapy over a period of 12 mo. Thus, after 8 d of IL-2 injections, a fivefold reduction in B.I. was observed during the first 2 mo of the study. Antibody levels against M. leprae phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-1) and lipoarabinomanan B were markedly elevated after IL-2 injections, while PGL-1 antigen levels were reduced. We conclude that the administration of rIL-2 has had a significant effect in decreasing the total body burden of M. leprae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Hydrogen engines based on liquid fuels, a review (1981)

The concept of storing hydrogen as part of a liquid fuel, such as gasoline or methanol, and subsequent onboard generation of the hydrogen from such liquids, is reviewed. Hydrogen generation processes, such as steam reforming, partial oxidation, and thermal decomposition are evaluated in terms of theoretical potential and practical limitations, and a summary is presented on the major experimental work on conversion of gasoline and methanol. Results of experiments indicate that onboard hydrogen generation from methanol is technically feasible and will yield substantial improvements in fuel economy and emissions, especially if methanol decomposition is brought about by the use of engine exhaust heat; e.g., a methanol decomposition reactor of 3.8 provides hydrogen-rich gas for a 4 cylinder engine (1.952), and 80% of the methanol is converted, engine exhaust gas being the only heat supply. A preliminary outline of the development of a methanol-based hydrogen engine and a straight hydrogen engine is presented.
On Capacity Models for Network Design (2017)

In network design problems capacity constraints are modeled in three different ways depending on the application and the underlying technology for installing capacity: directed, bidirected, and undirected. In the literature, polyhedral investigations for strengthening mixed-integer formulations are done separately for each model. In this paper, we examine the relationship between these models to provide a unifying approach and show that one can indeed translate valid inequalities from one to the others. In particular, we show that the projections of the undirected and bidirected models onto the capacity variables are the same. We demonstrate that valid inequalities previously given for the undirected and bidirected models can be derived as a consequence of the relationship between these models and the directed model.
Allosteric Inhibition of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease: Insights from Mass Spectrometry Based Assays** (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M<sup>pro</sup> ) cleaves along the two viral polypeptides to release non-structural proteins required for viral replication. M<sup>Pro</sup> is an attractive target for antiviral therapies to combat the coronavirus-2019 disease. Here, we used native mass spectrometry to characterize the functional unit of M<sup>pro</sup> . Analysis of the monomer/dimer equilibria reveals a dissociation constant of K<sub>d</sub> =0.14±0.03 μM, indicating M<sup>Pro</sup> has a strong preference to dimerize in solution. We characterized substrate turnover rates by following temporal changes in the enzyme-substrate complexes, and screened small molecules, that bind distant from the active site, for their ability to modulate activity. These compounds, including one proposed to disrupt the dimer, slow the rate of substrate processing by ≈35 %. This information, together with analysis of the x-ray crystal structures, provides a starting point for the development of more potent molecules that allosterically regulate M<sup>Pro</sup> activity.
Endogenous Expression of the Human CD83 Attenuates EAE Symptoms in Humanized Transgenic Mice and Increases the Activity of Regulatory T Cells (2019)

The CD83 is a type I membrane protein and part of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors. CD83 is involved in the regulation of antigen presentation and dendritic cell dependent allogeneic T cell proliferation. A soluble form of CD83 inhibits dendritic cell maturation and function. Furthermore, CD83 is expressed on activated B cells, T cells, and in particular on regulatory T cells. Previous studies on murine CD83 demonstrated this molecule to be involved in several immune-regulatory processes, comprising that CD83 plays a key role in the development und function of different immune cells. In order to get further insights into the function of the human CD83 and to provide preclinical tools to guide the function of CD83/sCD83 for therapeutic purposes we generated Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) transgenic mice. BACs are excellent tools for manipulating large DNA fragments and are utilized to engineer transgenic mice by pronuclear injection. Two different founders of BAC transgenic mice expressing human CD83 (BAC-hCD83<sup>tg</sup> mice) were generated and were examined for the hCD83 expression on different immune cells as well as both the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> role of human CD83 (hCD83) in health and disease. Here, we found the hCD83 molecule to be present on activated DCs, B cells and subtypes of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, on the other hand, showed almost no hCD83 expression. To address the function of hCD83, we performed <i>in vitro</i> mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) as well as suppression assays and we used the <i>in vivo</i> model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) comparing wild-type and hCD83-BAC mice. Results herein showed a clearly diminished capacity of hCD83-BAC-derived T cells to proliferate accompanied by an enhanced activation and suppressive activity of hCD83-BAC-derived Tregs. Furthermore, hCD83-BAC mice were found to recover faster from EAE-associated symptoms than wild-type mice, encouraging the relevance also of the hCD83 as a key molecule for the regulatory phenotype of Tregs <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Tibial base design and patient morphology affecting tibial coverage and rotational alignment after total knee arthroplasty (2014)

The four tibial base designs assessed provided similar levels of tibial bone coverage across the patient population, despite different design features. Rotating the tibial base to maximize coverage did not significantly increase the tibial coverage, but induced variability in tibial base alignment. Certain tibial anthropometrics may predispose particular patients to internal tibial base mal-rotation.
Driven equilibrium magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage: Initial clinical experience (2005)

3D-DEFT provides excellent synovial fluid-to-cartilage contrast while preserving signal from cartilage, giving this method a high cartilage SNR. 3D-DEFT shows the full cartilage thickness better than T2-FSE. T2-FSE had superior fat saturation and fewer artifacts than 3D-DEFT. Overall, 3D-DEFT requires further technical development, but is a promising method for imaging articular cartilage.
Prevalence of Adenomas in 40-49-Year-Olds With Family History of Colon Cancer Versus Average-Risk 40-49-Year-Olds: A Multicenter, Prospective, Cross-sectional Study ACG Category Award (2015)

Introduction: CRC guidelines recommend screening colonoscopy at age 40 for individuals with a family history of CRC. The aim of our study is to define the prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas in these individuals vs average-risk 40-49 year olds. Methods: A prospective, multi-center, cross-sectional study at 6 sites quantified the prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas in 40-49 year olds referred for their first colonoscopy. Prior to colonoscopy, patients completed a modified National Cancer Institute questionnaire about CRC risk factors, including medications, diet, exercise, tobacco/alcohol use, personal and family medical history, and demographics. Inclusion criteria: (a) referred for colonoscopy due to family history of CRC; or, (b) to evaluate altered bowel habits, abdominal discomfort, or trace hematochezia. Exclusion criteria: presence of disorders that increase the risk of CRC (e.g., HNPCC),gross hematochezia, family history of polyps or unexplained weight loss. Results: From 2010-14, 395 consecutive individuals with family history of CRC and 1197 consecutive average-risk individuals were enrolled. Prevalence of adenomas (27.3% vs 23.6%, respectively; p = 0.14) and advanced adenomas (4.6% vs 4.9%, respectively; p=0.82) were similar between groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, current tobacco use (OR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.62-3.31), male gender (OR =1.80; 95% CI: 1.37-2.35), age 45-49 (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.2-2.12), and family history of CRC (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02-1.86), were associated with adenomas. Age 45-49 was also associated with advanced adenomas (OR = 2.59; 95%CI: 1.38-4.87). Among 395 individuals with family history of CRC, 145 individuals had a first-degree relative (FDR) diagnosed with CRC < 60 years old and 250 individuals had a FDR diagnosed with CRC > 60 or two 2nd degree relatives. Prevalence of adenomas (26.90% vs 27.60%, respectively; p = 0.91) and advanced adenomas (2.76% vs 5.60%, respectively; p=0.22) were similar between groups. In multi-variate logistic regression analysis, current tobacco use (OR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.06-4.76) was the only risk factor associated with adenomas in these patients. Conclusion: Based on these data, the prevalence of adenomas and advanced adenomas is similar between 40-49 year olds with family history of CRC vs average-risk individuals. Similar prevalence is also seen in 40-49 year olds with FDR diagnosed with CRC < 60 years old vs FDR diagnosed with CRC > 60 or two 2nd-degree relatives.
Comparison of transport and magnetization critical currents in c-axis-oriented Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ thin films (1992)

Transport, structural, and magnetic properties of c-axis-oriented Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ thin films grown by off-axis in situ rf sputtering on MgO substrates have been investigated. By varying the substrate surface preparation prior to deposition, films could be grown with systematic improvements in their dc transport and structural properties. At the same time, these films display a systematic decrease in the irreversible magnetization ΔM(H) at all temperatures. Transport and inductive critical current densities in all cases displayed a temperature dependence that could be ascribed to flux creep and/or intragrain Josephson junctions. The irreversible magnetization for the films showed sample size dependence consistent with that of the Bean critical-state model. An anticorrelation between the transport and the magnetization critical current densities in the films was observed, which can be understood in terms of changes in the density of pinning sites as a function of substrate preparation.
Lack of endogenous TRIM5α-mediated restriction in rhesus macaque dendritic cells (2008)

Rhesus macaques are resistant to infection by HIV-1 as a result of an innate cellular restriction mechanism attributable to the expression of rhTRIM5alpha, a member of the large tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family. TRIM5alpha-mediated restriction, which occurs before reverse transcription through targeting of the HIV-1 capsid, has been identified in a number of macaque primary cells and cell lines and is thought to occur in all macaque cell types. We report, however, that rhesus macaque dendritic cells (DCs) lack TRIM5alpha-mediated restriction and are equally permissive to HIV-1 infection as human DCs. Evidence suggests that, although TRIM5alpha RNA levels are normal in these cells, the protein may be dysfunctional. We propose that abrogation of TRIM5alpha-mediated restriction in DCs, although still operative in cells that replicate HIV-1 (macrophages, T lymphocytes), illustrates the need for innate mechanisms to not inhibit adaptive immune responses to ensure an optimal fight against pathogens.
Effects of Leading Edge Film-Cooling and Surface Roughness on the Downstream Film-Cooling Along a Transonic Turbine Blade for Low and High Free-Stream Turbulence (2008)

Abstract : This report is the culmination of a two year effort to demonstrate the capability for performing near wall high resolution Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TRDPIV) measurements in a transonic turbine. Performing TRDPIV in high speed wall bounded flows with high resolution/magnification often posses significant difficulties. For this reason, two preliminary studies where conducted in order to further understand the challenges that would be present in this type of environment. Hardware and algorithm advancements and developments ultimately enabled performing TRDPIV in the transonic cascade facility. However, high pressure, high speed and the turbine blade complex geometries (high curvature and acceleration) significantly inhibit our ability to deliver homogeneous distribution of flow tracers, especially in the near wall region resulting in low quality measurements and regions with randomly missing data. In addition to our experimental results this effort delivers a novel advanced data reconstruction methodology based on proper orthogonal decomposition that was developed to overcome the aforementioned limitation. The following report documents in detail the methods and results generated throughout this effort.
Characterization of the Canine MHC Class I DLA-88*50101 Peptide Binding Motif as a Prerequisite for Canine T Cell Immunotherapy (2016)

There are limitations in pre-clinical settings using mice as a basis for clinical development in humans. In cancer, similarities exist between humans and dogs; thus, the dog patient can be a link in the transition from laboratory research on mouse models to clinical trials in humans. Knowledge of the peptides presented on MHC molecules is fundamental for the development of highly specific T cell-based immunotherapies. This information is available for human MHC molecules but is absent for the canine MHC. In the present study, we characterized the binding motif of dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class I allele DLA-88*50101, using human C1R and K562 transfected cells expressing the DLA-88*50101 heavy chain. MHC class I immunoaffinity-purification revealed 3720 DLA-88*50101 derived peptides, which enabled the determination of major anchor positions. The characterized binding motif of DLA-88*50101 was similar to HLA-A*02:01. Peptide binding analyses on HLA-A*02:01 and DLA-88*50101 via flow cytometry showed weak binding of DLA-88*50101 derived peptides to HLA-A*02:01, and vice versa. Our results present for the first time a detailed peptide binding motif of the canine MHC class I allelic product DLA-88*50101. These data support the goal of establishing dogs as a suitable animal model for the evaluation and development of T cell-based cancer immunotherapies, benefiting both dog and human patients.
Effects of Amounts of Blowing Agent and Contained Gases on Porosity and Pore Structure of Porous Aluminum Fabricated from Aluminum Alloy Die Casting by Friction Stir Processing Route (2011)

Porous aluminum is expected to be applied as a multifunctional material in various industrial fields because of its light weight and high energy absorption. When aluminum alloy die castings are used as a starting material in the fabrication of porous aluminum, it can be expected that, by effectively using the gases intrinsically contained in the die casting to generate pores, porous aluminum can be fabricated by adding a small amount of blowing agent. In this study, while systematically varying the amount of blowing agent from 0 to 1.4 mass% that is added to ADC12 aluminum alloy die castings containing three different amounts of gases, porous aluminum is fabricated by the FSP (friction stir processing) route precursor method. Titanium(II) hydride powder is used as the blowing agent. The variations of porosity and pore structure with the amount of added blowing agent are investigated for each amount of gases contained in the die castings. On the basis of the results, it is shown that, by using a blowing agent of approximately 0.6 mass%, ADC12 porous aluminum with high porosity can be fabricated regardless of the amount of gases contained in the die casting.
Hartree-Fock calculations of atoms and molecular chains in strong magnetic fields (1986)

We calculate the binding energies of atoms and molecular chains in ${10}^{12}$ G magnetic fields using the Hartree-Fock method. For Z&gt;2 (4) at 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ (5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$), the isolated atom is energetically favored over the molecular chain.