gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new source of polymorphic DNA markers for sperm typing: analysis of microsatellite repeats in single cells. (1992)

We show that dinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeat polymorphisms can be analyzed in single cells without using radioactivity or denaturing gels. This provides a rich new source of DNA polymorphisms for genetic mapping by sperm typing. The recombination fraction between two CA repeat polymorphisms was determined after whole genome amplification of single sperm, followed by typing of two different aliquots, one aliquot for each polymorphic locus. Single-cell analysis of microsatellites may also be valuable both for preimplantation genetic disease diagnosis based on single-blastomere or polar-body analysis and for the typing of forensic or ancient DNA samples containing very small amounts of nucleic acid.
Cylindrical Fresnel lenses based on carbon nanotube forests (2012)

The forests of carbon nanotubes have been termed as the darkest man-made materials. Such materials exhibit near-perfect optical absorption (reflectance ∼ 0.045%) due to low reflectance and nanoscale surface roughness. We have demonstrated the utilization of these perfectly absorbing forests to produce binary amplitude cylindrical Fresnel lenses. The opaque Fresnel zones are defined by the dark nanotube forests and these lenses display efficient focusing performance at optical wavelengths. Lensing performance was analyzed both computationally and experimentally with good agreement. Such nanostructure based lenses have many potential applications in devices like photovoltaic solar cells.
Wave-coupled LiNbO/sub 3/ electrooptic modulator for microwave and millimeter-wave modulation (1991)

A new technique of phase velocity matching in electrooptic modulators was demonstrated. The results show that the phase velocity mismatch due to material dispersion in traveling-wave LiNbO/sub 3/ optical waveguide modulators can be greatly reduced by breaking the modulation transmission line into short segments and connecting each segment to its own surface dipole antenna. The array of antennas is then illuminated by the modulation signal from below at the proper angle to produce a delay from antenna to antenna that matches the optical waveguide's delay. A phase modulator 25 mm in length with five antennas and five transmission line segments was operated from 4.6 to 13 GHz with a maximum phase modulation sensitivity of over 100 degrees /W/sup 1/2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Missense mutation of the hMSH6 and p53 genes in sporadic urothelial transitional cell carcinoma. (2000)

Functional defects in DNA mismatch repair genes have been shown to be associated mainly with hereditary human malignancies. We examined genomic DNA from 88 sporadic transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the urinary tract for mutations in hMSH6 gene by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis. Mutational status of p53 gene was also studied as a potential target of genetic instability secondary to hMSH6 dysfunction. A total of 5 cases (5.7%: 5/88) displayed hMSH6 mutations all consisted of transition and located in exon 4, including three cases with missense mutation and two without change of corresponding amino acid. These three tumors with hMSH6 missense mutation had no microsatellite instability with five microsatellite markers tested. p53 gene mutations were detected in 22 cases (25.0%: 22/88). No tumors with p53 mutation had any hMSH6 missense mutations. Compared to the cases without hMSH6 alterations, the three patients with hMSH6 alterations had more frequent additional primary cancer (P<0.05). These findings provide the first in vivo evidence for the type of alterations and frequency of possible involvement of the hMSH6 mutations in sporadic type urothelial TCCs.
PRMT5 is a novel cofactor of Foxp3 and can be a target for tumor immunotherapy (2016)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of T cells specialized for suppressing host immune systems, whose dysfunction can lead to severe autoimmunity and inflammatory disease in humans and animals. In a tumor bearing host, an enhanced activity of Tregs may limit host immunity against tumor antigens. Our laboratory has studied the Foxp3 transcriptional complex at the molecular and atomic levels. We identified a protein arginine methyl transferase 5 (PRMT5) as a binding partner of Foxp3. Mice whose expression of PRMT5 was deleted in Tregs developed severe autoimmunity, scurfy like phenotypes and died at ~3 weeks of age. A limited number of Tregs were found in the spleen, but there were normal numbers of Tregs in the peripheral lymph nodes. Tregs that lacked PRMT5 displayed limited suppressive function when compared to wild type cells. Two types of PRMT5 inhibitors, EPZ004777 and EPZ015666, were studied to determine if inhibition of PRMT5 reduces human Treg functions. While EPZ004777 could inhibit human Treg functions in vitro , EPZ015666 had limited ability to limit these Treg activities. EPZ004777 could also inhibit the methylation of Foxp3. Injection of EPZ004777 to p185/ erbB2/neu tumor bearing mice enhanced the effect of anti-erbB2/neu monoclonal antibody therapy. Furthermore, treatment with EPZ004777 reduced the numbers of tumor infiltrating Tregs, indicating that EPZ004777 functions by inhibiting Treg functions and/or migration of Tregs into p185 expressing tumors. These studies support the concept that controlling PRMT5 activity is a promising strategy in a p185 targeted monoclonal antibody therapy in which host immunity against tumors is augmented in a Foxp3 dependent manner.
Directed Assembly of Multisegment Au/Pt/Au Nanowires (2004)

We demonstrate directed end-to-end assembly of Au/Pt/Au multisegment nanowires using the biotin/avidin linkage. The formation of a self-assembled monolayer on the central platinum segments is essential to avoid nonspecific binding of the linker group and hence to minimize lateral assembly.
Electro-optic characteristics of homogeneous nematic-liquid-crystal phase modulators (1995)

The homogeneous nematic liquid crystal (HNLC) is a suitable material for phase-only spatial light modulators, which are useful in various electro-optic systems.1,2 Its electro-optic response is subject to both material and device parameters, including boundary conditions. For optimum design accurate knowledge of these parameters and a model with reasonable precision and speed are required. Though the variational formalism of free-energy density under the continuum approximation is available,3,4 there have been only a few reports that have dealt with the characterization of homogeneous liquid-crystal cells.
Spectroscopic characterization of acid generation and concentration and free volume evolution in chemically amplified resists (2002)

We report on the measurement of proton concentration and local viscosity in a polymeric chemically amplified photoresist material. We interrogate these properties using crystal violet, a cationic triphenylmethane dye molecule. To determine the quantity of acid generated by the chemically amplified photoresist material on exposure to UV light, we characterize the pH-dependent linear optical response of crystal violet. To establish a frame of reference for these data, we determine the acid dissociation constants of crystal violet in aqueous solution. The viscosity of the resist material is related to the transient optical response of crystal violet. The data on the photoresist material demonstrate a rapid and persistent pH change in the polymer matrix upon UV irradiation, with the viscosity of the matrix changing by a relatively small amount, going from ∼150 cP prior to processing to ∼190 cP after UV exposure and heating.
Structure and Mechanism of the Ketosynthase-Chain Length Factor Didomain from a Prototypical Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Synthase (2020)

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential ingredients of the human diet. They are synthesized by LC-PUFA synthases (PFASs) expressed in marine bacteria and other organisms. PFASs are large enzyme complexes that are homologous to mammalian fatty acid synthases and microbial polyketide synthases. One subunit of each PFAS harbors consecutive ketosynthase (KSc) and chain length factor (CLF) domains that collectively catalyze the elongation of a nascent fatty acyl chain via iterative carbon-carbon bond formation. We report the X-ray crystal structure of the KS-CLF didomain from a well-studied PFAS in <i>Moritella marina</i>. Our structure, in combination with biochemical analysis, provides a foundation for understanding the mechanism of substrate recognition and chain length control by the KS-CLF didomain as well as its interaction with a cognate acyl carrier protein partner.
Image enhancement segmentation and denoising by time dependent nonlinear diffusion processes (2002)

Two nonlinear diffusion processes with time-dependent diffusion coefficients are presented. Both processes converge to nontrivial solutions, eliminating the need to impose an arbitrary diffusion stopping time, otherwise required in the implementation of most nonlinear diffusion processes. The two schemes employ nonlinear cooling mechanisms that preserve edges. One scheme is intended for general denoising, whereas the other is targeted for enhancement or segmentation of images. Simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes provide a stable and efficient tool for processing of noisy images.
Experimental demonstration of a multiple-/spl lambda/ wavelength shifter for dynamically reconfigurable WDM networks (1997)

We demonstrate a multiple-/spl lambda/ wavelength shifter that is based on temporal interleaving and semiconductor optical amplifier cross-gain compression. Our multiple-/spl lambda/ wavelength shifter is transparent to both the nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) input data-formats. We simultaneously wavelength shift two independent NRZ 1-Gb/s WDM channels from 1548 and 1552 nm to 1540 and 1569 nm, respectively, with low-power penalties.
Requirements and Specifications for the Orchestration of Network Intelligence in 6G (2021)

Next-generation mobile networks are expected to flaunt highly (if not fully) automated management. Network Intelligence (NI) will be the key enabler for such a vision, empowering myriad of orchestrators and controllers across network domains. In this paper, we elaborate on the DAEMON architectural model, which proposes introducing a NI Orchestration layer for the effective end-to-end coordination of NI instances deployed across the whole mobile network infrastructure. Specifically, we first outline requirements and specifications for NI design that stem from data management, control timescales, and network technology characteristics. Then, we build on such analysis to derive initial principles for the design of the NI Orchestration layer, focusing on (i) proposals for the interaction loop between NI instances and the NI Orchestrator, and (ii) a unified representation of NI algorithms based on an extended MAPE-K model. Our work contributes to the definition of the interfaces and operation of a NI Orchestration layer that foster a native integration of NI in mobile network architectures.
The Secondary Deuterium Isotope Effect on the Diels-Alder Reaction (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Secondary Deuterium Isotope Effect on the Diels-Alder ReactionDale E. Van Sickle and J. Otto. RodinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 15, 3091–3094Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01069a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01069a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Tungsten and Molybdenum Carbon Dioxide Complexes (2013)

Tungsten and molybdenum η2-CO2 complexes of the form TpM(NO)(L)(η2-CO2), where M = W, Mo, Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)borate, and L = PMe3, 1-methylimidazole, have been synthesized by displacement of an η2-aromatic ligand under elevated CO2 pressure. These complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The η2-CO2 complexes are air stable and resist decomposition in solution. In addition, the molybdenum η2-CO2 complex undergoes chemical reduction of the η2-CO2 ligand to form TpMo(NO)(1-methylimidazole)(CO).
200 Gb/s and Dual-Wavelength 400 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific Distance at 6 b/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency (2013)

We transmit 106×200 Gb/s channels over 10,290 km at 6.0 b/s/Hz enabled by Nyquist spectral shaping and nonlinearity compensation. We also transmit 53×400 Gb/s channels over 9,200 km detecting two 200 Gb/s wavelengths simultaneously using a wideband receiver.
Selective Transformations of Carbonyl Functions in the Presence of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: Concise Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Decytospolides A and B (2014)

Enones selectively react with a combination of PPh(3) and TMSOTf to produce phosphonium silyl enol ethers, which work as protective groups of enones during the reduction of other carbonyl functions and can be easily deprotected to regenerate parent enones at workup. Furthermore, the first ketone selective alkylations in the presence of enones were also accomplished. This in situ protection method was applied to concise asymmetric total syntheses of decytospolides A and B.
Overview of the TREC 2009 Entity Track (2009)

The TREC Entity track aims to build test collections to evaluate entity-oriented search on Web data. The track works with two corpora: the ClueWeb 2009 web corpus and the new Sindice-2011 dataset [1]. Motivated by observations from the 2010 Entity track, we made the following changes in the
Compression of Plenoptic Point Clouds (2018)

Point clouds have been recently used in applications involving real-time capture and rendering of 3D objects. In a point cloud, for practical reasons, each point or voxel is usually associated with one single color along with other attributes. The region-adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) coder has been proposed for single-color point clouds. The cloud is usually captured by many cameras and the colors are averaged in some fashion to yield the point color. This approach may not be very realistic since, in real world objects, the reflected light may significantly change with the viewing angle, especially if specular surfaces are present. For that, we are interested in a more complete representation, the plenoptic point cloud, wherein every point has associated colors in all directions. Here, we propose a compression method for such a representation. Instead of encoding a continuous function, since there is only a finite number of cameras, it makes sense to compress as many colors per voxel as cameras, and to leave any intermediary color rendering interpolation to the decoder. Hence, each voxel is associated with a vector of color values, for each color component. We have here developed and evaluated four methods to expand the RAHT coder to encompass the multiple colors case. Experiments with synthetic data helped us to correlate specularity with the compression, since object specularity, at a given point in space, directly affects color disparity among the cameras, impacting the coder performance. Simulations were carried out using natural (captured) data and results are presented as rate-distortion curves that show that a combination of Kahunen-Loève transform and RAHT achieves the best performance.
The Impact of Childhood Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine Programs in Canada (2009)

A substantial decrease in group C incidence occurred in provinces with early MenC immunization programs. Serogroup C incidence remained stable in provinces without MenC programs. We found no evidence of serogroup replacement.
The Synthesis of Azadirachtin: A Potent Insect Antifeedant (2008)

We describe in full the first synthesis of the potent insect antifeedant azadirachtin through a highly convergent approach. An O-alkylation reaction is used to unite decalin ketone and propargylic mesylate fragments, after which a Claisen rearrangement constructs the central C8-C14 bond in a stereoselective fashion. The allene which results from this sequence then enables a second critical carbon-carbon bond forming event whereby the [3.2.1] bicyclic system, present in the natural product, is generated via a 5-exo-radical cyclisation process. Finally, using knowledge gained through our early studies into the reactivity of the natural product, a series of carefully designed steps completes the synthesis of this challenging molecule.
Impact of oxygen exchange reaction at the ohmic interface in Ta2O5-based ReRAM devices (2016)

Interface reactions constitute essential aspects of the switching mechanism in redox-based resistive random access memory (ReRAM). For example, the modulation of the electronic barrier height at the Schottky interface is considered to be responsible for the toggling of the resistance states. On the other hand, the role of the ohmic interface in the resistive switching behavior is still ambigious. In this paper, the impact of different ohmic metal-electrode (M) materials, namely W, Ta, Ti, and Hf on the characteristics of Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ReRAM is investigated. These materials are chosen with respect to their free energy for metal oxide formation and, associated, their impact on the formation energy of oxygen vacancy defects at the M/Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> interface. The resistive switching devices with Ti and Hf electrodes that have a negative defect formation energy, show an early RESET failure during the switching cycles. This failure process with Ti and Hf electrode is attributed to the accumulation of oxygen vacancies in the Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> layer, which leads to permanent breakdown of the metal-oxide to a low resistive state. In contrast, the defect formation energy in the Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> with respect to Ta and W electrodes is positive and for those highly stable resistive switching behavior is observed. During the quasi-static and transient-pulse characterization, the ReRAM devices with the W electrode consistently show an increased high resistance state (HRS) than with the Ta electrode for all RESET stop voltages. This effect is attributed to the faster oxygen exchange reaction at the W-electrode interface during the RESET process in accordance to lower stability of WO<sub>3</sub> than Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. Based on these findings, an advanced resistive switching model, wherein also the oxygen exchange reaction at the ohmic M-electrode interface plays a vital role in determining of the resistance states, is presented.
Questionnaire survey on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour towards viral hepatitis among the Hong Kong public (2021)

Comprehensive hepatitis education strategies should be developed to address gaps in knowledge among the Hong Kong public towards viral hepatitis, especially misperceptions relevant to social stigmatisation and the importance of preventive measures, including vaccination and screening, when exposed to risk factors.
Foundry (2016)

We demonstrate a new approach for designing functional material definitions for multi-material fabrication using our system called Foundry. Foundry provides an interactive and visual process for hierarchically designing spatially-varying material properties (e.g., appearance, mechanical, optical). The resulting meta-materials exhibit structure at the micro and macro level and can surpass the qualities of traditional composites. The material definitions are created by composing a set of operators into an operator graph. Each operator performs a volume decomposition operation, remaps space, or constructs and assigns a material composition. The operators are implemented using a domain-specific language for multi-material fabrication; users can easily extend the library by writing their own operators. Foundry can be used to build operator graphs that describe complex, parameterized, resolution-independent, and reusable material definitions. We also describe how to stage the evaluation of the final material definition which in conjunction with progressive refinement, allows for interactive material evaluation even for complex designs. We show sophisticated and functional parts designed with our system.
Uplink Multi-User Massive MIMO Using Gaussian BP in Highly Correlated Actual Environments (2019)

This paper focuses on multi-user detection in uplink Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. As a low computational complexity signal detection algorithm, matched filter (MF)-based Gaussian belief propagation (MF-GaBP) using adaptively scaled belief (ASB) has been proposed. In addition, to suppress the negative impact of spatial correlation, an MMSE detector is introduced as the prior stage processing of MF-GaBP. Through computer simulations, this algorithm exhibits high performance even in high- spatially loaded Massive MIMO scenarios. However, in actual radio environments, there is a possibility to observe an extremely high channel correlation among some antenna elements or some users due to co-located polarization antenna elements or closely deployed mobile stations (MS). The highly correlated channel results in the performance degradation of MF-GaBP using ASB because of the low reliability of initial beliefs. This paper aims to verify the performances of MF- GaBP in the actual radio environments. The predetermined parameters in MF- GaBP are also adjusted according to actual environments for improving the convergence property of the iterative detection. To obtain propagation channel data for performance evaluation in the actual environments, an indoor experimental trial using Massive MMO equipment with 32 antenna elements was carried out under a condition that 16 MSs are closely deployed. Computer simulations using the obtained propagation channel data validate that simply applying the MMSE detector before MF-GaBP with ASB suppress an error floor in the bit error rate (BER) performance even in highly correlated channel.
Aushungern des Malaria‐Erregers: Hemmer der Aspartylproteasen Plasmepsin I, II und IV (2006)

Das passt! Eine neue Klasse von Aspartylprotease-Hemmern wirkt selektiv und hoch potent gegen die Plasmepsine I, II und IV des Malaria-Erregers, während sie die nahe verwandten humanen Aspartylproteasen Cathepsin D und E nur schwach hemmt. Die Inhibitoren binden mithilfe einer neuartigen „Diaminklammer“ an die katalytische Diade (siehe Bild).