gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic pixel development in TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS for the outer pixel layers in the ATLAS experiment (2018)

: The upgrade of the ATLAS tracking detector (ITk) for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider at CERN requires the development of novel radiation hard silicon sensor technologies. Latest developments in CMOS sensor processing offer the possibility of combining high-resistivity substrates with on-chip high-voltage biasing to achieve a large depleted active sensor volume. We have characterised depleted monolithic active pixel sensors (DMAPS), which were produced in a novel modified imaging process implemented in the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS process in the framework of the monolithic sensor development for the ALICE experiment. Sensors fabricated in this modified process feature full depletion of the sensitive layer, a sensor capacitance of only a few fF and radiation tolerance up to 10 15 n eq /cm 2 . This paper summarises the measurements of charge collection properties in beam tests and in the laboratory using radioactive sources and edge TCT. The results of these measurements show significantly improved radiation hardness obtained for sensors manufactured using the modified process. This has opened the way to the design of two large scale demonstrators for the ATLAS ITk. To achieve a design compatible with the requirements of the outer pixel layers of the tracker, a charge sensitive front-end taking 500 nA from a 1.8 V supply is combined with a fast digital readout architecture. The low-power front-end with a 25 ns time resolution exploits the low sensor 1Corresponding author.
Performance comparison of single carrier and OFDM in coherent optical long-haul communication systems (2011)

We investigate the nonlinear tolerance of coherent detected 50 Gbit/s dual-polarization binary-phase-shift-keying (DPBPSK), 100 Gbit/s dual-polarization quaternary-phase-shift-keying (DP-QPSK), and 200 Gbit/s dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16-QAM) for single carrier with pulse shaping and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The performance of these systems is compared and tested in two different scenarios: dispersion managed and unmanaged links. The results show that employing return-to-zero with 50 % of duty cycle (RZ50) as pulse shaping has a superior performance, especially in dispersion unmanaged links.
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to acute infection with dynamic cellular and inflammatory flux in the lung that varies across nonhuman primate species (2020)

Summary There are no known cures or vaccines for COVID-19, the defining pandemic of this era. Animal models are essential to fast track new interventions and nonhuman primate (NHP) models of other infectious diseases have proven extremely valuable. Here we compare SARS-CoV-2 infection in three species of experimentally infected NHPs (rhesus macaques, baboons, and marmosets). During the first 3 days, macaques developed clinical signatures of viral infection and systemic inflammation, coupled with early evidence of viral replication and mild-to-moderate interstitial and alveolar pneumonitis, as well as extra-pulmonary pathologies. Cone-beam CT scans showed evidence of moderate pneumonia, which progressed over 3 days. Longitudinal studies showed that while both young and old macaques developed early signs of COVID-19, both groups recovered within a two-week period. Recovery was characterized by low-levels of viral persistence in the lung, suggesting mechanisms by which individuals with compromised immune systems may be susceptible to prolonged and progressive COVID-19. The lung compartment contained a complex early inflammatory milieu with an influx of innate and adaptive immune cells, particularly interstitial macrophages, neutrophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and a prominent Type I-interferon response. While macaques developed moderate disease, baboons exhibited prolonged shedding of virus and extensive pathology following infection; and marmosets demonstrated a milder form of infection. These results showcase in critical detail, the robust early cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which are not sterilizing and likely impact development of antibody responses. Thus, various NHP genera recapitulate heterogeneous progression of COVID-19. Rhesus macaques and baboons develop different, quantifiable disease attributes making them immediately available essential models to test new vaccines and therapies.
Pre-compensation for the Dynamic Nonlinearity of Wideband Wireless Transmitters Using Augmented Wiener Predistorters (2006)

This paper proposes an augmented Wiener predistorter to improve the pre-compensation performance of the conventional Wiener predistorter for annulling the out-of-band emission of the wideband transmitter. A transmitter prototype, which is based on an Electronic Signal Generator (ESG: Agilent E4438C) and an L-band 60-Watt GaAs FET push-pull amplifier, is utilized to evaluate the performance of the new proposed augmented Wiener predistorter. The validation results by applying a two-carrier WCDMA signal to the transmitter prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of this new predistorter for suppressing the spectrum regrowth caused by the memory effects of the transmitter.
Torn from the Headlines: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Rat Lungworm) Is Established in Florida (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTTorn from the Headlines: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Rat Lungworm) Is Established in FloridaCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2017, 8, 8, 1632Publication Date (Web):August 16, 2017Publication History Published online16 August 2017Published inissue 16 August 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00244https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00244editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views874Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (166 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Immunology,Infectious diseases,Parasites,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Noninvasive analysis of InP surfaces using Hg-InP Schottky barrier diodes (1982)

Capacitance-voltage characteristics of Hg-InP Schottky barrier diodes are compared with those of Au-InP Schottky diodes. We show that the Hg-InP Schottky diode may be used as a sensitive, relatively nondestructive probe of the InP surface. In contrast, electronic analysis of Au-InP Schottky barrier diodes yields information about the InP surface after it has been altered in the evaporation process. Using Hg-InP Schottky diodes, thin insulating layers have been detected on InP exposed to wet chemical etchants, and surface charge has been detected on InP exposed to very low energy Ar plasmas.
Distinct chemotactic behavior in the original Escherichia coli K-12 depending on forward-and-backward swimming, not on run-tumble movements (2020)

Abstract Most motile bacteria are propelled by rigid, helical, flagellar filaments and display distinct swimming patterns to explore their favorable environments. Escherichia coli cells have a reversible rotary motor at the base of each filament. They exhibit a run-tumble swimming pattern, driven by switching of rotatory direction which causes polymorphic flagellar transformation. Here we report a novel swimming mode in E. coli ATCC10798, which is one of the original K-12 clones. High-speed tracking of single ATCC10798 cells showed forward and backward swimming with an average turning angle of 150°. The flagellar helicity remained right-handed with a 1.3 μm pitch and 0.14 μm helix radius, which is assumed to be a curly type, regardless of motor switching; the flagella of ATCC10798 did not show polymorphic transformation. The torque and rotational switching of the motor was almost identical to the E. coli W3110 strain, which is a derivative of K-12 and a wild-type for chemotaxis. The single point mutation of N87K in FliC, one of the filament subunits, is critical to the change in flagellar morphology and swimming pattern, and lack of flagellar polymorphism. E. coli cells expressing FliC(N87K) sensed ascending a chemotactic gradient in liquid but did not form rings on a semi-solid surface. Based on these findings, we propose a flagellar polymorphism-dependent migration mechanism in structured environments.
Gas sensor incorporating a porous framework (2023)

The disclosure provides sensor for gas sensing including CO.sub.2 gas sensors comprising a porous framework sensing area for binding an analyte gas.
Modeling formalisms in Systems Biology (2011)

Systems Biology has taken advantage of computational tools and high-throughput experimental data to model several biological processes. These include signaling, gene regulatory, and metabolic networks. However, most of these models are specific to each kind of network. Their interconnection demands a whole-cell modeling framework for a complete understanding of cellular systems. We describe the features required by an integrated framework for modeling, analyzing and simulating biological processes, and review several modeling formalisms that have been used in Systems Biology including Boolean networks, Bayesian networks, Petri nets, process algebras, constraint-based models, differential equations, rule-based models, interacting state machines, cellular automata, and agent-based models. We compare the features provided by different formalisms, and discuss recent approaches in the integration of these formalisms, as well as possible directions for the future.
SMART PHONE-ENABLED DIAGNOSTIC PLATFORM FOR DETECTION OF PATHOGEN NUCLEIC ACIDS. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Role of Interface Adhesion Strength in Interconnection Reliability (2007)

In an interconnect structure of advanced large scale integrated (LSI) circuits, Cu diffusion leads to migration failure, known as stress migration and electro migration. In order to prevent these failures and to improve interconnect reliability, interface properties should be improved between Cu and a barrier layer. Among various interface properties, adhesion strength can be measured easily and be used as a representative interface property related to reliability. This paper show the relationship of interface adhesion strength with wettability, energy, and diffusivity. Then the effects of the adhesion strength on SM and EM reliability are discussed. Finally, key factors to improve the adhesion strength are proposed, together with our recent experimental evidences.
Expression and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Diphtheria Toxin Fragment A in Streptococcus gordonii (2004)

ABSTRACT A nontoxic mutant diphtheria toxin fragment A (DTA) was genetically fused in single, double, or triple copy to the major surface protein antigen P1 (SpaP) and surface expressed in Streptococcus gordonii DL-1. The expression was verified by Western immunoblotting. Mouse antisera raised against the recombinant S. gordonii recognized the native diphtheria toxinm suggesting the recombinant DTA was immunogenic. When given intranasally to mice with cholera toxin subunit B as the adjuvant, the recombinant S. gordonii expressing double copies of DTA (SpaP-DTA 2 ) induced a mucosal immunoglobulin A response and a weak systemic immunoglobulin G response. S. gordonii SpaP-DTA 2 was able to orally colonize BALB/c mice for a 15-week period and elicited a mucosal response, but a serum immunoglobulin G response was not apparent. The antisera failed to neutralize diphtheria toxin cytotoxicity in a Vero cell assay.
Normothermic Machine Perfusion (NMP) Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses in the Liver and Promotes Regeneration (2018)

Liver transplantation (LT) is a successful treatment for patients with liver failure. However, organ shortage results in over 11% of patients losing their chance of a transplant attributed to liver decompensation (LD) and death. Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) following conventional cold storage (CS) is a major cause of injury leading to graft loss after LT. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), a method of organ preservation, provides oxygen and nutrition during preservation and allows aerobic metabolism. NMP has recently been shown to enable improved organ utilization and posttransplant outcomes following a phase I and a phase III randomized trial. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of NMP on reducing IRI and to define the underlying mechanisms. We transplanted and compared 12 NMP with 27 CS-preserved livers by performing gene microarray, immunoprofiling of hepatic lymphocytes, and immunochemistry staining of liver tissues for assessing necrosis, platelet deposition, and neutrophil infiltration, and the status of steatosis after NMP or CS prereperfusion and postreperfusion. Recipients receiving NMP grafts showed significantly lower peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels than those receiving CS grafts. NMP altered gene-expression profiles of liver tissue from proinflammation to prohealing and regeneration. NMP also reduced the number of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17-producing T cells and enlarged the CD4<sup>pos</sup> CD25<sup>high</sup> CD127<sup>neg</sup> FOXP3<sup>pos</sup> regulatory T cell (Treg) pool. NMP liver tissues showed less necrosis and apoptosis in the parenchyma and fewer neutrophil infiltration compared to CS liver tissues. Conclusion: Reduced IRI in NMP recipients was the consequence of the combination of inhibiting inflammation and promoting graft regeneration.
The role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity (2017)

Obesity is closely associated with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. One hallmark characteristics of obesity is chronic inflammation that is coordinately controlled by complex signaling networks in adipose tissues. Compelling evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its related signaling pathways play crucial roles in the progression of chronic inflammation in obesity. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an anabolic pathway that utilizes the glucoses to generate molecular building blocks and reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH. In particular, NADPH acts as one of the key modulators in the control of ROS through providing an electron for both ROS generation and scavenging. Recently, we have reported that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, is implicated in adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in obesity. Mechanistically, G6PD potentiates generation of ROS that augments pro-inflammatory responses in adipose tissue macrophages, leading to systemic insulin resistance. Here, we provide an overview of cell type- specific roles of G6PD in the regulation of ROS balance as well as additional details on the significance of G6PD that contributes to pro-oxidant NADPH generation in obesity-related chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.
Carotid artery calcification in panoramic radiographs associates with oral infections and mortality (2020)

CAC on panoramic tomography was associated with (i) apical and marginal periodontitis and dysbiotic bacterial species giving rise to an immunological response, and with (ii) severe, chronic CAD and increased mortality. The results further emphasize the role of oral infections in CAD and the importance of referring a patient with CAC for a cardiovascular evaluation.
Assessment of Effective Renal Plasma Flow, Enzymuria, and Cytokine Release in Healthy Volunteers Receiving a Single Dose of Amphotericin B Desoxycholate (2005)

The present study assessed potential subclinical markers of amphotericin B (AmB)-related nephrotoxicity and infusion-related reactions (IRR). Subjects were pretreated with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen and received a 500-ml bolus infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride prior to each effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) assessment. ERPF was measured before and after administration of a single 0.25-mg/kg intravenous AmB dose using technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine. Blood was collected before and 3 h after AmB infusion for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) plasma concentrations. Overnight 12-h urine collections were performed before administration of AmB and for 2 nights after administration of AmB and analyzed for alpha and pi glutathione-S-transferases (GSTalpha and GSTpi, respectively) and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG). Six men and six women with mean +/- standard deviation (SD) ages of 24.8 +/- 5.3 and 28.0 +/- 8.5 years, respectively, were studied. Baseline serum creatinine values were within the normal range and were unaltered after administration of AmB. The mean +/- SD decrease in ERPF after administration of AmB was significant (P < 0.05) in males (15.7 +/- 8.1%) but not females (9.5 +/- 14.0%). The GSTpi and GSTalpha indices increased significantly (P < 0.05) by two to fourfold and returned to baseline in males but were unaltered in females. NAG indices were unaffected by AmB. Six patients experienced an IRR that was associated with increased TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) but not IL-1beta (P = 0.09). These results suggest a potential sex-related difference in AmB-induced nephrotoxicity and provide a rationale for use of ERPF, urine GST, and TNF-alpha as subclinical markers of polyene-induced toxicity.
Development of an Aerial Drone System for Water Analysis and Sampling (2022)

Water sensing and sampling is a complex application that can benefit from the use of aerial drones. In the monitoring of an aquatic environment, inspection of its physical, chemical, and biological states are equally important. In most cases, only the physical and chemical properties are investigated due to lack of portable sensor packages capable of in situ measurements of biological indicators. Additionally, biological sample collection for ex situ analysis poses certain challenges which requires specialized sample collection methods. For acquiring a good sample, remote sensing needs to work hand in hand with the sampling mechanism to capture the correct analyte of interest. This work presents the design and development of an aerial drone equipped with a custom-made sensor package and sampling mechanism, for sensing and non-destructive sampling of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments. The developed system is experimentally validated in an outdoor setting and is shown to be capable for in situ measurements of fluorescent content of water bodies and sensor-triggered sample collection.
Demonstration of multilevel multiply accumulate operations for AiMC using engineered a-IGZO transistors-based 2T1C gain cell arrays (2023)

We report on the first demonstration of multilevel multiply accumulation operations in 2TlC cell arrays based on amorphous IGZO TFTs for efficient analog in memory compute (AiMC) implementation. Device designs for the read and write transistors to meet the target specifications are discussed and implemented. Multilevel operations are realized thanks to the long retention time enabled by the ultra-low offcurrent (<1.5× 1$0^{-19}$A/$\mu$m) of the a-IGZO TFTs.
Wafer bonding of InP and GaAs: interface characterization and device applications (2002)

Wafer bonding is a technique used to form a single hybrid solid from dissimilar materials by rearrangement of surface bonds. While the bonding of silicon-related material has been studied extensively, very little work was devoted to the III-V material system. We have successfully bonded InP and GaAs. In spite of the 3.7% lattice-mismatch, excellent material quality can be preserved less than 0.2 /spl mu/m away from the bonded interface. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM), deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), electron beam induced current (EBIC), photoluminescence (PL) and optical reflection measurements were used to characterize the bonded interface, and consistent results were obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An approach for reducing adjacent element crosstalk in ultrasound arrays (2003)

A method is presented for active cancellation of crosstalk effects in ultrasonic arrays. The approach makes use of the programmable transmitter waveform generators that are now being used with growing prevalence in diagnostic ultrasound systems. The array's transmit mode transfer function is represented by a transfer function matrix. Elements of this matrix are determined by exciting a single, central element with a wideband waveform and determining the resulting pressure output from the central element and adjacent elements. The desired output then is defined (e.g., finite output from a single, central element) and zero output from all other elements. The transfer function matrix equation can be solved to determine the required excitation functions on both the central array element and its neighbors. These excitation functions will result in reduced evidence of crosstalk on the output signals. Therefore, the single-element, angular-response function is improved. Using superposition, the approach can be extended to beamformed array excitation. A variety of theoretical and experimental results are shown. The method also can be used in the receive mode but with a less satisfactory solution. A transmitting mode experiment based on a prototype five-element transducer has provided results indicating that sidelobes in the angular response can be reduced using this technique.