gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design challenges for high performance and power efficient graphics and mobile memory interfaces (2011)

Future generation graphics applications require more than 1TB/s memory bandwidth with a constant power budget as in today's systems. In contrast, future mobile applications require power optimized memory interfaces that can provide sufficient memory bandwidth on the order of 25GB/s. The difference in the optimization criteria results in different design challenges and consequently, different architectural and circuit-level design tradeoffs. In this paper, we compare two different memory interface design examples, one from each area operating at 16Gbps and 3.2Gbps per pin respectively, and highlight their major differences in terms of driver and receiver design, as well as clock generation and distribution. We will also discuss some of the problems facing future generations of memory interfaces that push the limits of performance and power efficiency.
Analog-to-Digital Cognitive Radio: Sampling, Detection, and Hardware (2018)

The radio spectrum is the radio-frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. These spectral resources are traditionally allocated to licensed or primary users (PUs) by governmental organizations. As discussed in "Radio-Frequency Spectral Resources," most of the frequency bands are already allocated to one or more PUs. Consequently, new users cannot easily find free frequency bands. Spurred by the everincreasing demand from new wireless communication applications, this issue has become critical over the past few years.
Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior (2020)

We demonstrate a method for the generation of controlled, dynamic chemical pulses-where localized chemoattractant becomes suddenly available at the microscale-to create micro-environments for microbial chemotaxis experiments. To create chemical pulses, we developed a system to introduce amino acid sources near-instantaneously by photolysis of caged amino acids within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chamber containing a bacterial suspension. We applied this method to the chemotactic bacterium, Vibrio ordalii, which can actively climb these dynamic chemical gradients while being tracked by video microscopy. Amino acids, rendered biologically inert ('caged') by chemical modification with a photoremovable protecting group, are uniformly present in the suspension but not available for consumption until their sudden release, which occurs at user-defined points in time and space by means of a near-UV-A focused LED beam. The number of molecules released in the pulse can be determined by a calibration relationship between exposure time and uncaging fraction, where the absorption spectrum after photolysis is characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. A nanoporous polycarbonate (PCTE) membrane can be integrated into the microfluidic device to allow the continuous removal by flow of the uncaged compounds and the spent media. A strong, irreversible bond between the PCTE membrane and the PDMS microfluidic structure is achieved by coating the membrane with a solution of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by plasma activation of the surfaces to be bonded. A computer-controlled system can generate user-defined sequences of pulses at different locations and with different intensities, so as to create resource landscapes with prescribed spatial and temporal variability. In each chemical landscape, the dynamics of bacterial movement at the individual scale and their accumulation at the population level can be obtained, thereby allowing the quantification of chemotactic performance and its effects on bacterial aggregations in ecologically relevant environments.
Imaging Nanostructures by Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy in Organic Solvents (2016)

The introduction of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRM) opened an unprecedented vista into nanoscopic length scales, unveiling a new degree of complexity in biological systems in aqueous environments. Regrettably, supramolecular chemistry and material science benefited far less from these recent developments. Here we expand the scope of SRM to photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) imaging of synthetic nanostructures that are highly dynamic in organic solvents. Furthermore, we characterize the photophysical properties of commonly used photoactivatable dyes in a wide range of solvents, which is made possible by the addition of a tiny amount of an alcohol. As proof-of-principle, we use PALM to image silica beads with radii close to Abbe's diffraction limit. Individual nanoparticles are readily identified and reliably sized in multicolor mixtures of large and small beads. We further use SRM to visualize nm-thin yet μm-long dynamic, supramolecular polymers, which are among the most challenging molecular systems to image.
Synergistic Anticancer Effects Achieved by Co‐Delivery of TRAIL and Paclitaxel Using Cationic Polymeric Micelles (2010)

Cationic micellar nanoparticles self-assembled from a biodegradable amphiphilic copolymer have been used to deliver human TRAIL and paclitaxel simultaneously. Polyplexes formed between paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles and TRAIL are stable with a size of ≈180 nm and a zeta potential at ≈75 mV. Anticancer effects and apoptotic pathway mechanisms of this drug-and-protein co-delivery system are investigated in various human breast cancer cell lines with different TRAIL sensitivity. The co-delivery nanoparticulate system induces synergistic anti-cancer activities with limited toxicity in non-cancerous cells. An advantage of this co-delivery is a significantly higher anti-cancer effect as compared to free drug and protein formulations.
Essential and mutually compensatory roles of α-mannosidase II and α-mannosidase IIx in N -glycan processing in vivo in mice (2006)

Many proteins synthesized through the secretory pathway receive posttranslational modifications, including N-glycosylation. alpha-Mannosidase II (MII) is a key enzyme converting precursor high-mannose-type N-glycans to matured complex-type structures. Previous studies showed that MII-null mice synthesize complex-type N-glycans, indicating the presence of an alternative pathway. Because alpha-mannosidase IIx (MX) is a candidate enzyme for this pathway, we asked whether MX functions in N-glycan processing by generating MII/MX double-null mice. Some double-nulls died between embryonic days 15.5 and 18.5, but most survived until shortly after birth and died of respiratory failure, which represents a more severe phenotype than that seen in single-nulls for either gene. Structural analysis of N-glycans revealed that double-nulls completely lack complex-type N-glycans, demonstrating a critical role for at least one of these enzymes for effective N-glycan processing. Recombinant mouse MX and MII showed identical substrate specificities toward N-glycan substrates, suggesting that MX is an isozyme of MII. Thus, either MII or MX can biochemically compensate for the deficiency of the other in vivo, and either of two is required for late embryonic and early postnatal development.
Optical transmission technologies beyond 10 Tb/s (2003)

Summary from only given. We have discussed polarization multiplexing for increased spectral efficiency and gain-shifted Tm-doped fibre amplifiers (TDFAs) for optical band expansion, technologies that enabled up to and over 10-Tbit/s capacity. Inter-band Raman scattering was also referred to as a critical issue in wideband WDM transmission.
Synthesis of polymers with a controlled molecular weight via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with a ruthenium-based catalyst (1999)

Various bisallylic ruthenium(IV) complexes in combination with certain diazoalkanes show high catalytic activities in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene and its derivatives. In particular, dicationic complexes in the presence of ethyl diazoacetate were found to be extraordinarily efficient. The ionic character of the catalyst determines the use of polar solvents and therefore the precipitation polymerization of monomers like norbornene. The ratio of methanol to dichloromethane in the solvent mixture could be used to adjust the number-average molecular weight of polynorbornene in the range of 3 x 105 g/mol up to 1 x 106 g/mol at a constant monomer to catalyst ratio of 1 x 103/1. By polymerizing norbornene in neat methanol, the number-average molecular weights could be varied between 2 x 103 and 3 x 105 g/mol by the addition of certain quantities of 1-octene as a chain-transfer agent. According to the proposed mechanism, these polymers contain equivalent amounts of heptylidene and methylidene end-groups. Furthermore, ethyl diazoacetate was found to act not only as a carbene-generating co-catalyst, but also as a terminating agent. Consequently, an excess of ethyl diazoacetate could be used for the preparation of telechelic polymers with two ester end-groups and a reduced molecular weight.
Crystal Structure of a Bioactive Pactamycin Analog Bound to the 30S Ribosomal Subunit (2013)

Biosynthetically and chemically derived analogs of the antibiotic pactamycin and de-6-methylsalicylyl (MSA)-pactamycin have attracted recent interest as potential antiprotozoal and antitumor drugs. Here, we report a 3.1-Å crystal structure of de-6-MSA-pactamycin bound to its target site on the Thermus thermophilus 30S ribosomal subunit. Although de-6-MSA-pactamycin lacks the MSA moiety, it shares the same binding site as pactamycin and induces a displacement of nucleic acid template bound at the E-site of the 30S. The structure highlights unique interactions between this pactamycin analog and the ribosome, which paves the way for therapeutic development of related compounds.
Wiman-Valiron theory for a class of functions meromorphic in the unit disc (2013)

Analogues of the key results of Wiman-Valiron theory are proved for a class of functions meromorphic in the unit disc, based on an approach developed by Bergweiler, Rippon and Stallard for the plane setting. The results give local approximations for the function and its logarithmic derivative and, in the case of positive order of growth, for higher order logarithmic derivatives as well.
Adsorptive separation of methylalumoxane by mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 (1999)

Separation of methylalumoxane (MAO) by adsorption on siliceous porous materials with different average pore diameters has been carried out; polymerization of ethylene was conducted with Cp2ZrCl2 using the separated MAO as cocatalyst, it was found that the MAO adsorbed on MCM-41 with average pore size of ca. 25 Å is very effective for ethylene polymerization.
Effect of the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and uterine region on the responsiveness of the isolated mouse uterus to prostaglandin F2α and the thromboxane mimetic U46619 (2006)

Previous studies in this laboratory have suggested that the isolated uterus from non-pregnant mice has a prostaglandin F and a thromboxane receptor population similar to that found in human myometrium. The aim of this study was to investigate any regional variation in myogenic activity ) and the and responsiveness to prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha) thromboxane mimetic U46619 in the mouse uterus taken during different stages of the oestrous cycle and during pregnancy. Uterine samples from BKW mice were taken from different anatomical segments along the length of each uterine horn and set up for superfusion at 2 ml/min with Krebs solution (containing 1 microM indometacin) at 37 degrees C, and gassed with 95%O(2)/5%CO(2). Responses (area under the curve) are expressed as a percentage of the final contraction induced by hypotonic shock. Data are expressed as the means +/- s.e.m. of n=5-12 and were analysed using Student's paired t-test or two-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test. Regional variation in myogenic activity was observed in all tissues studied except those taken during labour. These tissues displayed significantly greater myogenic activity than tissues taken at late gestation and at all stages of the oestrous cycle. Tissues from pregnant animals were generally more responsive to U46619 and PGF(2alpha) than tissues taken from non-pregnant animals. Tissues taken from the upper segment of the uterine horn were more responsive to both agonists during the oestrous cycle. The findings demonstrated that the hormonal milieu and site of excision are important for myogenic activity and responsiveness.
Role of Nkx3.1 Homeodomain Protein in Prostate Carcinogenesis and Differentiation (2000)

Abstract : Prostate cancer is a significant health problem in aging American men. Approximately 350,000 American men were diagnosed and 42,000 deaths were attributed to prostate cancer in 1998. Despite identification of chromosomal regions of instability that are associated with prostate cancer, there are an undetermined series of molecular events that lead to de-differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells and ultimately to prostate carcinoma. The specific genes responsible for neoplastic transformation of the prostate are largely unknown. Nkx3.1 is a homeodomain transcription factor that is expressed in an androgen-dependent and largely prostate specific manner. The Nkx3.1 gene localizes to the chromosomal region 8p21, a region that is often deleted in human prostate cancers. The goals of this study are to overexpress Nkx3.1 in vitro and determine the effects on growth/differentiation, patterns of target gene expression and tumorigenicity of prostate carcinoma cell lines. Expression patterns of Nkx3.1 in human prostate tumor specimens will be examined immunohistochemically, and microdissected prostate tumor samples will be used to search for Nkx3.1 mutations and/or evidence of hypermethylation. Specific cell types and androgen-dependent expression patterns of Nkx3.1 will also be monitored immunohistochemically in mouse prostates. Overall, our work will determine whether loss of Nkx3.1 function is a major cause of prostate cancer.
Intramolecular autoinhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 is mediated by conserved basic motifs of the C-terminal kinase–associated 1 domain (2017)

Precise control of the cell cycle allows for timely repair of genetic material prior to replication. One factor intimately involved in this process is checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a DNA damage repair inducing Ser/Thr protein kinase that contains an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory region consisting of a ∼100-residue linker followed by a putative kinase-associated 1 (KA1) domain. We report the crystal structure of the human Chk1 KA1 domain, demonstrating striking structural homology with other sequentially diverse KA1 domains. Separately purified Chk1 kinase and KA1 domains are intimately associated in solution, which results in inhibition of Chk1 kinase activity. Using truncation mutants and site-directed mutagenesis, we define the inhibitory face of the KA1 domain as a series of basic residues residing on two conserved regions of the primary structure. These findings point to KA1-mediated intramolecular autoinhibition as a key regulatory mechanism of human Chk1, and provide new therapeutic possibilities with which to attack this validated oncology target with small molecules.
Asymmetric focused-ion-beam trimming of longitudinal and perpendicular write heads (2003)

A novel focused-ion-beam (FIB) head trimming technique is described. As compared to the conventional approach of a symmetric trim, an asymmetric process, whereby only one side of a write pole is FIB milled to achieve the target width, is demonstrated to be robust and advantageous. We use this technique for both longitudinal and perpendicular HGA-level head trimming, demonstrating excellent recording performance out to areal densities of more than 100 Gb/in/sup 2/.
<title>Use of an integrated thermal/visible camcorder for law-enforcement applications</title> (2001)

Portable thermal imagers are being utilized with great success in many new and emerging applications, and the law enforcement field in particular is benefiting from thermal imagery. It is quickly becoming common practice for enforcement agencies to apply night-vision technology in such activities as search and rescue, surveillance and stakeout, and suspect pursuit. Thermal cameras, however, do not typically provide an intrinsic means for video recording or for visible imaging. Such capabilities could significantly expand and improve the uses of thermal imaging by law enforcement personnel. For example, surveying the scene of a crime or traffic accident with a thermal sensor offers potential for revealing and documenting clues that otherwise go unnoticed. This paper presents a system that integrates an IR micro-camera with a visible camcorder. The system can display and record live visible and thermal imagery and also capture single-frame snapshots on removable media. This paper also explores the utility of such an integrated camera in various law enforcement scenarios.
The IEEE-SA Working Group on Spaceborne GNSS-R: Scene Study (2021)

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) created the GRSS “Standards for Earth Observation Technical Committee” to advance the usability of remote sensing products by experts from academia, industry, and government through the creation and promotion of standards and best practices. In February 2019, a Project Authorization Request was approved by the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) with the title “Standard for Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) Data and Metadata Content.” At present, 4 GNSS constellations cover the Earth with their navigation signals: The United States of America (USA) Global Positioning System GPS with 31 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) operational satellites, the Russian GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema GLONASS with 24 MEO operational satellites, the European Galileo with 24 MEO operational satellites, and the Chinese BeiDou-3 with 3 Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit (IGSO), 24 MEO, and 2 Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) operational satellites. Additionally, several regional navigation constellations increase the number of available signals for remote sensing purposes: the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System QZSS with 1 GSO and 3 Tundra-type orbit operational satellites, and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System IRNSS with 3 GEO and 4 IGSO operational satellites. On the other hand, there are different GNSS-R processing techniques, instruments and spaceborne missions, and a wide variety of retrieval algorithms have been used. The heterogeneous nature of these signals of opportunity as well as the numerous working methodologies justify the need of a standard to further advance in the development of GNSS-R towards an operational Earth Observation technique. In particular, the scope of this working group is to develop a standard for data and metadata content arising from past, present, and future spaceborne missions such as the United Kingdom (UK) TechDemoSat-1 TDS-1, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System CYGNSS constellation coordinated by the University of Michigan (UM). In this article we describe the scene study, including fundamental aspects, scientific applications, and historical milestones. The spaceborne standard is under development and it will be published in IEEE-SA.
MicroRNA-1911-3p targets mEAK-7 to suppress mTOR signaling in human lung cancer cells (2020)

Regulation of mTOR signaling depends on an intricate interplay of post-translational protein modification. Recently, mEAK-7 (mTOR associated protein, eak-7 homolog) was identified as a positive activator of mTOR signaling via an alternative mTOR complex. However, the upstream regulation of mEAK-7 in human cells is not known. Because microRNAs are capable of modulating protein translation of RNA in eukaryotes, we conducted a bioinformatic search for relevant mEAK-7 targeting microRNAs using the Exiqon miRSearch V3.0 algorithm. Based on the score obtained through miRSearch V3.0, the top predicted miRNA (miR-1911-3p) was studied. miR-1911-3p mimics decreased protein levels of both mEAK-7 and mTORC1 downstream effectors p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines H1975 and H1299. miR-1911-3p levels and <i>MEAK7</i> mRNA/mEAK-7/mTOR signaling levels were negatively correlated between normal lung and NSCLC cells. miR-1911-3p directly interacted with <i>MEAK7</i> mRNA at the 3'-UTR to negatively regulate mEAK-7 and significantly decreased mTOR localization to the lysosome. Furthermore, miR-1911-3p significantly decreased cell proliferation and migration in both H1975 and H1299 cells. Thus, miR-1911-3p functions as a suppressor of mTOR signaling through the regulation of <i>MEAK7</i> mRNA translation in human cancer cells.
Propagation Effects at High Bit Rates (2006)

The constant drive to increase bit rate per channel faces significant challenges due to linear and nonlinear propagation effects. Shorter pulses increase the sensitivity to dispersion effects including higher order, polarization mode dispersion and fiber nonlinearity.
Preparation of nanosized cobalt hydroxides and oxyhydroxide assisted by sonication (2002)

An α-cobalt hydroxide with an interlayer spacing of 12.65 Å has been synthesized in sheet shapes with dimensions of 100–120 nm with the aid of sonication. Acetate anions are intercalated into the interlayer region of the as-prepared α-cobalt hydroxide in the form of a free ion state. β-Cobalt hydroxide has also been prepared and formed as crystallized thin hexagonal platelets with a diameter of 100 nm. Pure cobalt oxyhydroxide with a particle size of 10–30 nm has also been obtained. Powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, as well as elemental analysis, have been used in the characterization of the as-prepared samples.
Defect dynamics in directed self-assembly of block copolymers (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a lithographic technique that is expected to be mutually complimentary with ArF immersion lithography, EUV lithography, electron beam direct writing, or nanoimprint for sub-15 nm line patterning and sub-20 nm contact hole patterning. Defect mitigation is the primary challenge behind the use of DSA lithography in practical applications in advanced semiconductor device manufacturing. Therefore, resolve this issue, defect dynamics needs to be clarified using in-situ measurements of self-assembling processes of BCPs in conjunction with modeling approaches. In this work, the evolution of a surface morphology in self-assembling processes of BCPs during annealing was investigated using in-situ atomic force microscope (AFM).5 A JPK NanoWizard ULTRA Speed AFM (JPK Instruments AG) under AC mode (lock-in phase signal image) was employed to carry out in-situ measurements of self-assembling of symmetrical polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) thin films with a thickness of 40 nm, and a domain spacing 30 nm domain spacing (L0) of 30 nm on a 5 nm thick neutral layer (PS-r-PMMA) during the thermal annealing process starting from a disordered as-cast state. The COOrdinated Line epitaxy (COOL) process was applied to provide DSA line multiplication patterns as hybrid guide patterns which act as chemical and physical epitaxy process. The in-situ observation approach of the surface morphology during micro-phase separation process revealed the defect generation and rectification processes in DSA thin films. A combination of the time development data in the in-situ AFM and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GI-SAXS) will also be discussed to develop a kinetic modeling for predicting dynamical changes in the three-dimensional nanostructures.
Supplementary Table 6 from Identification of Campath-1 (CD52) as Novel Drug Target in Neoplastic Stem Cells in 5q-Patients with MDS and AML (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 83K, Supplementary Table S6: Expression of CD52, CD123 and CLL-1 on CD34+/CD38−/CD90+/CD45RA− cells in patients with MDS and on CD34+/CD38−/CD90−/CD45RA− cells in patients with AML.&lt;/p&gt;