gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Transgenic Cotton Expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F Insecticidal Protein Against Heliothines (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2008)

Cotton, Cossypium hirsutum L, plants expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F (Phytogen 440W) insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner, were evaluated against natural populations of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), across 13 southern U.S. locations that sustained low, moderate, and high infestations. The intrinsic activity of Phytogen 440W was compared with nontreated non-Bt cotton (PSC355) and with management strategies in which supplemental insecticides targeting heliothines were applied to Phytogen 440W and to PSC355 cotton. Infestations were composed primarily of bollworm, which is the least sensitive of the heliothine complex to Cry toxins. Therefore, damage recorded in these studies was primarily due to bollworm. Greater than 75% of all test sites sustained heliothine infestations categorized as moderate to high (10.6-64.0% peak damaged bolls in nontreated PSC355). Phytogen 440W, alone or managed with supplemental insecticide applications, reduced heliothine-damaged plant terminals, squares (flower buds), flowers, and bolls equal to or better (1.0-79.0-fold) than managing a non-Bt cotton variety with foliar insecticides across all infestation environments. Rarely (frequency of < or = 11% averaged across structures), sprayed Phytogen 440W reduced damaged structures compared with nontreated Phytogen 440W. Protection against heliothine-induced plant damage was similar across the three levels of infestation for each viable management strategy, with exception to damaged squares for nontreated Phytogen 440W. In situations of moderate to high heliothine infestations, cotton plants expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F may sustain higher levels of damage compared with that same variety in low infestations. No significant difference in yield was observed among heliothine management strategies within each infestation level, indicating cotton plants may compensate for those levels of plant damage. These findings indicate Phytogen 440W containing Cry1Ac and Cry1F provided consistent control of heliothines across a range of environments and infestation levels.
The impact of selected behavioural and environmental factors on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in Polish children (2022)

To identify environmental and clinical factors and parental behaviours that are likely to affect the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. Material and methods: This questionnaire-based, observational study was conducted among children < 10 years of age without chronic respiratory diseases, who sought medical assistance from a primary care paediatrician for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Results: A group of 4389 children were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the children participating in the study was 4.9 years. The study group included 2108 (48.0%) girls and 2281 (52.0%) boys, with no statistically significant difference between the genders in terms of age. The mean number of infections was significantly higher in children who had siblings, confirmed atopy, exposure to tobacco smoke, and a lack of vaccination (p < 0.01) and those who attended nurseries compared to preschool and school children (p < 0.001). The mean number of episodes of infection in medium-sized and large cities was significantly higher than in small towns and villages (p < 0.01). The mean number of missed school days for children who stayed at home due to infection was 20 days. The presence of cigarette smokers in a household significantly increased the number of missed days in nurseries/kindergartens/schools due to infection (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Selected behavioural and environmental factors significantly impact the incidence of URTIs in children. Those factors indirectly negatively affect employers and the economy because they substantially increase hospitalization rates and the number of days missed at work by the parents/legal guardians of children. Therefore, ongoing parental education about the role of vaccinations and the harmful effects of tobacco smoke on children is necessary.
MP07-15 NATIONAL COLLABORATIVE CROWDSOURCING METHOD OF DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT FOR INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME (IC/BPS) (2020)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) has significant unmet medical needs including the lack of an objective laboratory test, such as a urine based biomarker. National collection of adequate patient samples for IC/BPS including normal controls can be challenging. We developed a novel research model that can engage multiple stakeholders and allow fast and broad participation for biomarker development. METHODS: After a successful initial pilot effort, we have initiated a national crowdsourced research project engaging the entire United States IC/BPS community in collaboration with the Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA). Announcement of this study through social media was disseminated by the ICA. YouTube videos describing the scope of the project and participant requirements were posted. Questionnaires were completed online through HIPAA compliant Survey Monkey. Special urine containers with preservatives developed to maintain protein integrity in urine at ambient temperature were sent to consented participants with prepaid return shipping. Urine samples were also collected at three clinical sites (Detroit, New York, and Houston) to compare clinical versus at-home collection. RESULTS: Public participation was overwhelming and enrollment was closed within several weeks. Overall, men and women of all age groups submitted samples from across the entire United States. Multiplex analysis discovered three proteins that were highly statistically significant different between IC with ulcer vs IC without ulcer and normal control. Strategies that improved return of samples included using US Mail and email reminders to study participants. CONCLUSIONS: Crowdsourced research toward biomarker development was shown to be feasible and successful in advancing IC/BPS research. Patients with ulcerative IC/BPS have a different profile of urine proteins than normal and non-ulcerative IC patients. Crowdsourced research for biomarker development is a promising new area of pilot clinical research that can be done for reasonable cost, over a shorter time period, and with larger demographic populations being represented. Source of Funding: We would like to thank Beaumont Urology and the Taubman family for their generous support. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, through the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program under Award No. W81XWH-19-1-0288. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Army.
Effect of Ag thickness on electrical transport and optical properties of indium tin oxide–Ag–indium tin oxide multilayers (2009)

We report the dependence of electronic and optical properties on the Ag thickness in transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO)-Ag-ITO (IMI) multilayer films deposited on polyethylene naphthalate flexible substrate by sputtering at room temperature. The electrical properties (such as carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity) changed significantly with incorporation of Ag between the ITO layers. Comparison of sheet resistance of the IMI multilayers and the calculated sheet resistance of the Ag midlayer indicates that most of the conduction is through the Ag film. The critical thickness of Ag to form a continuous conducting layer is found to be 8 nm using electrical and optical analysis. A conduction mechanism is proposed to elucidate the mobility variation with increased Ag thickness. Carrier transport is limited by either interface scattering or grain-boundary scattering depending on the thickness of the Ag midlayer. Interface scattering is dominant for thinner (5.5–7 nm) Ag and grain-boundary scattering is dominant for thicker (8–10.5 nm) Ag midlayers. In addition, the effect of varying Ag midlayer thickness on transmittance behavior is also discussed. A figure of merit is used to compare performance of the IMI multilayer systems as a function of Ag thickness.
(Invited) Computational Design of Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

The electrolyte has today become a critical bottleneck in the drive toward high performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Comprising organic solvents and LiPF 6 , current commercial electrolytes are flammable and have limited electrochemical windows of up to 4.5V. In this talk, we will discuss recent efforts in the application of first principles calculations to design novel solid and liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. We will show how first principles techniques can be used to predict important electrolyte design requirements such as ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and phase stability. Such predictive capabilities may be used to guide the experimental realization of better performing electrolytes, for instance, by suggesting potential chemistry modifications or composition tuning strategies. The automation of these techniques in high-throughput leads to the development of multi-property electrolyte databases, which can then be screened for novel electrolyte candidates as well as mined for electrolyte design rules using machine learning techniques. Specific chemistries discussed will include the thiophosphate and anti-perovskite solid electrolytes, and quinoxaline-based molecules.
Action Potential Detection Algorithm Adaptable to Individual Nerve and Recording Setup (2022)

This work presents an automated analysis algorithm to detect action potentials (APs) in a nerve and quantify its activity. The algorithm is based on template matching. The templates are automatically adapted to individual AP shapes that vary depending on the nerve fibers from which the AP originates, and the recording setup used. The algorithm was validated by quantifying vagus nerve activity recorded during in vivo experiments in a rat model. The MATLAB version of the code is available in open access on GitHub <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Characterization of Chemically Vapor Deposited Manganese Barrier Layers Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (2012)

Chemical vapor deposition of manganese (CVD-Mn) on silicon dielectrics allows the growth of manganese silicate/oxide for use as an effective barrier material for Cu interconnects and is currently under intense evaluation for integration into future sub-22 nm technology. Employing fluorescence X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements, we explore the chemical and structural makeup of the barrier layer formation on both SiO2 and low-k dielectrics.
HARPA: Solutions for dependable performance under physically induced performance variability (2015)

Transistor miniaturization, combined with the dawn of novel switching semiconductor structures, calls for careful examination of the variability and aging of the computer fabric. Time-zero and time-dependent phenomena need to be carefully considered so that the dependability of digital systems can be guaranteed. Already, architectures contain many mechanisms that detect and correct physically induced reliability violations. In many cases, guarantees on functional correctness come at a quantifiable performance cost. The current paper discusses the FP7-612069-HARPA project of the European Commission and its approach towards dependable performance. This project provides solutions for performance variability mitigation, under the run time presence of fabric variability/aging and built-in reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) techniques. In this paper, we briefly present and discuss modeling and mitigation techniques developed within HARPA, covering many abstractions of digital system design: from the transistor to the application layer.
Stress Relaxation and Self-Adhesion of Rubbers with Exchangeable Links (2016)

To get intrinsic adhesion or healing properties in a cross-linked rubber, two levers are possible: the inherent relaxation in permanently but lightly cross-linked elastomers or the relaxation due to exchange reactions as recently reported in the case of vitrimers. The former is associated with dangling chain motion and cannot be controlled. Lightly cross-linked rubbers may show interesting adhesion and healing properties, but at the expense of mechanical properties: ultimate properties are limited, and materials are subjected to creep even at low temperature. Conversely, exchange reactions may be triggered by temperature, providing the healable materials with strong elastomeric properties in a wide temperature range. Here a model system based on epoxidized natural rubber is presented which enables to differentiate and quantify the part of each process. A comparative study including stress relaxation, swelling experiments, and adhesion measurements highlights the advantages of the vitrimer chemistry on inherent relaxation as a proof of concept.
Identification of Nitrogen Dopants in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2013)

Using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, we investigated the atomic and electronic structure of nitrogen-doped single walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The insertion of nitrogen in the carbon lattice induces several types of point defects involving different atomic configurations. Spectroscopic measurements on semiconducting nanotubes reveal that these local structures can induce either extended shallow levels or more localized deep levels. In a metallic tube, a single doping site associated with a donor state was observed in the gap at an energy close to that of the first van Hove singularity. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this feature corresponds to a substitutional nitrogen atom in the carbon network.
siRNA nanoformulation against the Ret/PTC1 junction oncogene is efficient in an in vivo model of papillary thyroid carcinoma (2007)

Delivery is a very important concern for therapeutic applications of siRNA. In this study, we have used chitosan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles to deliver siRNA with a complementary sequence to the fusion oncogene ret/PTC1. By screening the mRNA junction we have selected a potent siRNA sequence able to inhibit this oncogene in a model of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma cells. This siRNA sequence has then been validated by a shRNA approach using the same sequence. Furthermore, the high ret/PTC1 inhibition has triggered a phenotypic reversion of the transformed cells. We have designed well-defined chitosan decorated nanoparticles and succeeded to reduce their size. They have allowed to protect ret/PTC1 siRNA from in vivo degradation and leading to significant tumour growth inhibition after intratumoral administration.
In Vivo Comparison of Electrosurgical Vaporization Electrodes (1997)

To determine the acute tissue effects of endoscopic electrosurgery using different electrodes, smooth ball, smooth bar, vertically grooved bar, and horizontally fluted bar electrodes were applied to the epithelial surface of porcine bladders in vivo with electrosurgical cutting current supplied at 100, 150, and 200 W. A single pass was made on the surface of the tissue under endoscopic control with sorbitol irrigation using an excursion rate of 5 mm/sec. Each electrode was tested five times at each setting. The depths of electrosurgical vaporization and coagulation were measured by a pathologist blinded to the electrode and power setting. Depth of vaporization increased with the power setting of the generator and was greater with the non-smooth electrodes than the smooth electrodes. The depth of coagulation likewise was greater using the non-smooth electrodes but increased only minimally with increasing power settings. There were no differences in vaporization or coagulation depth between the small ball and smooth bar electrodes. The differences between the vertically grooved bar and horizontally fluted bar also were insignificant, except that in one-third of cases, the horizontally fluted bar created clefts undermining otherwise-undamaged areas of tissue. Non-smooth electrosurgical electrodes produce more vaporization and coagulation than smooth electrodes at a given power setting and therefore may be preferred for endoscopic applications. For use in tissues where precise control is required, the vertically grooved bar may be superior to the horizontally fluted bar because it provides similar vaporization and coagulation with a more uniform tissue effect.
Controlled microtubules transport on patterned non-fouling surfaces (2003)

Described is a lithographic technique used to realize high resolution tracks of the motor protein kinesin inside flow cells. The process consists of patterns of plasma polymerized PEG-like non-fouling coating on a fouling glass substrate. When in contact with a coated surface, proteins adhere exclusively to the fouling areas, thus forming kinesin tracks suited for microtubule guidance. Parallel transport along smooth kinesin track was observed for over 250 /spl mu/m. A method has been developed to seal the substrates with molded silicon flow channels in order to allow convenient control of reagent introduction and immobilization processes. Complete kinesin and BSA immobilization protocols, comprised of initial rinse, protein introduction, immobilization and final rinse have been successfully demonstrated.
Long Term Monitoring of Respiration and CO2 using Flexible Printed Sensors (2020)

Long term unobtrusive monitoring of respiration and environmental conditions is critical for tracking the health and psychophysiological state of astronauts. Wearable, flexible sensors provide increased comfort and improved human factors. Recent advances in additive manufacturing, such as printed electronics, allow miniaturization of sensors and implementation onto flexible, unobtrusive substrates. We developed a low power, flexible, sensor platform with wireless Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) interface. The platform integrates 9 Degrees of Freedom (DOF) inertial sensor, ambient sensor (temperature, humidity, and Carbon Dioxide/Volatile Organic Compounds - CO2/VOC sensor), and prototyping area for printed sensors. In this paper we present an implementation of a printed co-doped barium titanate capacitive sensor that is highly sensitive to water vapor as an unobtrusive breathing sensor. The 2×4mm sensor is highly sensitive to changes during breathing, even at distances of more than 20cm. Synergy of information from on-platform and printed sensors allows long term user monitoring both as wearable and ambient sensor. We demonstrate the results of sensor validation using 9 subjects. Average change of capacitance of the sensor during breathing at the distance of 7.5 cm was 6.2±3.5 pF. Our sensors represent very good option for low-power, wearable, and unobtrusive monitoring.
Integration of non-linear, radiation, and propagation CAD techniques for MIMO link design (2011)

The paper outlines an exhaustive computer-aided design (CAD) procedure for the circuit-level simulation of entire multi-input multi-output (MIMO) links. The multiple transmitting and receiving antennas are treated as multiport radiating systems characterized by electromagnetic (EM) analysis. The effects of mutual couplings in terms of the frequency-dependent near-field and far-field performance of each element are accounted for in a straightforward and rigorous way. The set of transmitters is treated as a unique non-linear system loaded by the multiport antenna, and is analyzed by non-linear circuit techniques. The same is done for the set of receivers. In order to establish the connection between transmitters and receivers, the radiated far-field is evaluated by EM analysis, and the field incident on each receiver antenna is computed by extending to the MIMO case an available ray tracing technique. EM theory is then used to describe the receiving array as a linear active multiport network. This technique allows analysis of several MIMO systems, exploiting different array element spatial locations and frequencies of operation in a straightforward and automatic way. Bit error rate (BER) computation and minimization are demonstrated at the circuit level.
Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Generation of the Contingent Negative Variation (1995)

Journal Article Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Generation of the Contingent Negative Variation Get access Steffen K. Rosahl, Steffen K. Rosahl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert T. Knight Robert T. Knight Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cerebral Cortex, Volume 5, Issue 2, March 1995, Pages 123–134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/5.2.123 Published: 01 March 1995
Optimized acid release underlayers for 157-nm lithography (2004)

As the semiconductor industry moves to sub 193 nm imaging wavelengths the switch to thin film resists with marginal transparency can result in a significant degradation of resist profiles. Tremendous progress has been made recently in lowering the absorbance of 157 nm polymer systems, however etch resistant single layer resists are likely to have absorbance values of 1-2/mm. Current generation EUV resists have even higher absorbance values of 2-3/mm. While the use of thin films mitigates (but does not eliminate) the effect of high resist absorbance the impact of resist footing, notching, and standing waves are exacerbated. Surface effects such as top rounding or surface contamination are also likely to be a significant concern. One way to minimize the effect of non vertical profiles due to high absorbance and/or resist footing is through the use of optimized underlayer/ photoacid generator (PAG) systems. The PAG’s are selected so as to have higher diffusiveness but lower reactivities than the PAGs used in the resist itself in order to have a greater effect on the resist profile. Characterization data will be presented using a high absorbance resist (> 3.0/mm). Lithographic data on this system will be described and imaging data presented showing features down to 90 nm in a resist 120 nm thick.
The effect of hypothalamic involvement and growth hormone treatment on cardiovascular risk factors during the transition period in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (2022)

The extent of HI and GH discontinuation duration during the transition period can increase cardiovascular risks in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.