gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal And Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering With Optical Fibers (1990)

Raman scattering techniques, because of the vibrational information they contain, have numerous applications in the measurement and identification of aqueous pollutants in groundwater, as well as other contaminated waters. However, the extension of Raman techniques using fiber optics to remote sensing of groundwater is not completely straightforward. Single-fiber optrodes provide the greatest signals but also large background levels. Multiple-fiber optrodes offer lower background levels but are not practical over very long distances and are not as sensitive as single-fiber optrodes. The difficulties of obtaining Raman spectra with fiber optics are discussed, and the potential techniques for overcoming the limitations of single-fiber devices are descrivbed. The results of Raman spectral measurements that were made using a dual-fiber optrode in a novel forward-scattering configuration will be presented. The possible extension of these results to surface-enhanced Raman (SER) scattering will be discussed. In addition initial results of SERS performed with optical fibers will be presented, along with a description of future directions for this research.
Measurement of harmonic distortion in microwave photodetectors (1990)

The use of an offset phase-lock heterodyne system with a large dynamic range (>110 dB) for measuring photodetector (PD) harmonic distortion out to microwave frequencies is discussed. Up to 40 harmonics and second-harmonic levels only 17.8 dB below the fundamental were observed in high-speed PDs with only 1.7 mW incident. Measurements of harmonic power versus incident optical power are reported, along with associated PD bandwidth reduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Macrophages Present Pinocytosed Exogenous Antigen Via MHC Class I Whereas Antigen Ingested by Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Is Presented Via MHC Class II (2000)

Macrophages present exogenous Ag either via MHC class I or MHC class II molecules. We investigated whether the mode of hemagglutinin (HA) uptake influences the class of MHC molecule by which this Ag is presented. Normally, HA is ingested by receptor-mediated endocytosis, but this may be switched to macropinocytosis and pinocytosis by adding phorbol esters to the cells. This switch resulted in altered intracellular routing of ingested Ag and a transition from Ag presentation via MHC class II molecules to presentation via MHC class I molecules. Similarly, inhibition of receptor-mediated HA endocytosis, by treating the cells with the HA receptor destroying enzyme neuraminidase, abrogated Ag presentation via MHC class II molecules and induced presentation via MHC class I molecules. If, however, under these conditions, receptor-mediated uptake of HA was restored, by virtue of HA/anti-HA Ab interaction and subsequent uptake of HA via the Fc receptor, presentation via MHC class II was restored as well, whereas presentation of HA via MHC class I molecules was no longer detectable. We conclude that in macrophages the mode of Ag uptake is decisive in determining via which class of MHC molecules Ag is presented: pinocytosis and macropinocytosis produce exclusive presentation of exogenous Ag via MHC class I molecules whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis leads exclusively to presentation via class II molecules.
Possible Scheme of Atomic Beam Injector for Plasma Heating and Current Drive at the TRT Tokamak (2021)

A possible scheme is presented for the injection of high-power atomic beams within the project of the tokamak with reactor technologies (TRT), which is being developed. In each of the two TRT injection ports, it is proposed to install the two-beam injection complex consisting of two high-energy (500 keV) injectors arranged vertically one above the other. A prototype of such an injector is being developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP). For each of the BINP-developed high-voltage injectors, it is proposed to separately form the beam of negative hydrogen ions, accelerate it using the separate single-aperture accelerating tube, and neutralize it in the efficient plasma neutralizer. The power of each two-beam complex will initially be 7 and ~5.7 MW for hydrogen and deuterium atoms, respectively. In the future, it is planned to increase the total injection power up to 20 MW by increasing the energy and current of the beams used in the injection complexes. For the TRT facility, a possible scheme is discussed for the injectors of fast deuterium atomic beams with energies of up to 200 keV based on positive ions.
Volumetric analysis of pulmonary nodules: reducing the discrepancy between the diameter-based volume calculation and voxel-counting method (2021)

Our modified diameter-based volume calculation significantly reduces the discrepancy between the diameter-based volume calculation and voxel-counting method.
The PET/X dedicated breast-PET scanner for optimizing cancer therapy (2018)

We are currently building the PET/X scanner, which is a breast positron emission tomography (PET) scanner combined with a standard X-ray mammography system. The role for the PET/X scanner is to precisely measure changes in radiotracer uptake after an initial test dose of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. The system performance target is that a measured 20% change in tracer uptake in 5 mm diameter lesions with standardized uptake value (SUV) of 5 g/ml should correspond to at least 95% specificity (&lt;5% false positive rate for detecting a true change in uptake). Simulations indicate that this performance can be achieved with a 3-minute scan of a 370-MBq (10-mCi) injection of 18F-FDG or other radiotracers. The PET scanner consists of 4 planar detectors, forming a rectangular system with complete azimuthal angular sampling (around the z-axis). The panels are formed of detector blocks each using a 20x20 array of LYSO scintillation crystals (2x2x10mm<sup>3</sup>) coupled to a 12x12 array of 3x3 mm<sup>2 </sup>pixel silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The overall system size is 24cm wide (6 blocks) by 16cm deep (4 blocks axially) by 4-to-12cm adjustable height. The PET system mounts on a mammography scanner by swapping out the standard 'bucky' unit. Patients are scanned in both mammography and PET modes without movement to allow co-registration of the two image sets. Here, we review the system design, construction, and initial performance measures.
Systems and methods for preparation and separation of products (2023)

There are provided methods and systems for an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode where the anode is contacted with a metal ion that converts the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state. The metal ion in the higher oxidation state is reacted with hydrogen gas, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and/or a saturated hydrocarbon to form products.
When Life Gives You Lemons, Make Lemonade: The Case of Hosting the Most Successful Regional Cardiovascular Symposium During the COVID-19 Pandemic –– A Tale From the Oregon Chapter of the American College of Cardiology (2020)

The Sars-Cov-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented challenges, and revamped the way we live and work. Overall, this pandemic and its isolating consequences has forced societies to become more creative and develop new ways to engage. Professionally, employees are more secluded with attempts to work from home, while in the medical community, physicians have needed to either be on the frontlines treating patients or have adapted to interacting with patients virtually. Even with today’s technological advances to virtually connect with patients, physicians have had to relearn and re-engage.
Integral and shell-MIP display algorithms in MR and CT three-dimensional models of the brain surface. (1998)

Integral and shell-MIP are useful 3-D display algorithms for simultaneous display of superficial cerebral veins and gyri on MR images and of thrombosis on CT venograms.
Experimental and Computational Studies on the Mechanism of Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of δ-Valerolactone with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2014)

Experimental and computational investigations of the zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization (ZROP) of δ-valerolactone (VL) catalyzed by the N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazol-2-ylidene (1) and 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazol-2-ylidene (2) were carried out. The ZROP of δ-valerolactone generates cyclic poly(valerolactone)s whose molecular weights are higher than predicted from [VL]0/[NHC]0. Kinetic studies reveal the rate of polymerization is first order in [VL] and first order in [NHC]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to elucidate the key steps involved in the ring-opening of δ-valerolactone and its subsequent oligomerization. These studies have established that the initial steps of the mechanism involve nucleophilic attack of the NHC on δ-valerolactone to form a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate. DFT calculations indicate that the highest activation barrier of the entire mechanism is associated with the ring-opening of the tetrahedral intermediate formed from the NHC and δ-valerolactone, a result consistent with inefficient initiation to generate reactive zwitterions. The large barrier in this step is due to the fact that ring-opening requires a partial positive charge to develop next to the directly attached NHC moiety which already bears a delocalized positive charge.
A phytobacterial TIR domain effector manipulates NAD + to promote virulence (2021)

The Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 type III effector HopAM1 suppresses plant immunity and contains a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain homologous to immunity-related TIR domains of plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors that hydrolyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup> ) and activate immunity. In vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to determine if HopAM1 hydrolyzes NAD<sup>+</sup> and if the activity is essential for HopAM1's suppression of plant immunity and contribution to virulence. HPLC and LC-MS were utilized to analyze metabolites produced from NAD<sup>+</sup> by HopAM1 in vitro and in both yeast and plants. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and in planta inoculation assays were performed to determine HopAM1's intrinsic enzymatic activity and virulence contribution. HopAM1 is catalytically active and hydrolyzes NAD<sup>+</sup> to produce nicotinamide and a novel cADPR variant (v2-cADPR). Expression of HopAM1 triggers cell death in yeast and plants dependent on the putative catalytic residue glutamic acid 191 (E191) within the TIR domain. Furthermore, HopAM1's E191 residue is required to suppress both pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity and promote P. syringae virulence. HopAM1 manipulates endogenous NAD<sup>+</sup> to produce v2-cADPR and promote pathogenesis. This work suggests that HopAM1's TIR domain possesses different catalytic specificity than other TIR domain-containing NAD<sup>+</sup> hydrolases and that pathogens exploit this activity to sabotage NAD<sup>+</sup> metabolism for immune suppression and virulence.
Morphometric Analysis of Optic Nerves and Retina from an End-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa Patient with an Implanted Active Epiretinal Array (2011)

Long-term implantation and electrical stimulation with an epiretinal array did not result in damage that could be appreciated in a morphometric analysis of the optic nerve and retina.
Influence of aspect and slope gradient on hydraulic conductivity measured by tension infiltrometer (2000)

A tension infiltrometer technique was used to characterize differences in hydraulic conductivity (K) in two rain-fed hillsides (north-facing and south-facing) in central Chile. For the north-facing locations, smaller values of K (at a range of supply water pressure heads ψ) compared with south-facing locations were found, with accentuated differences close to saturation (zero pressure head). The differences were attributed to differences in texture and organic matter contents observed for the two sites. Furthermore, K(ψ) had a tendency to increase with increasing slope gradient. This tendency was to an extent explained by the deviation from requirements of measurements on level ground. The differences found in K(ψ) between different slope gradients were explained by the differences in the vertical and lateral hydraulic conductivity and by the occurrence of surface sealing in low slope plots. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioreactor for mobilization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells into scaffolds under mechanical stimulation: Preliminary results (2020)

The bioreactor presented here was able to provide mechanical stimulation that seemed to induce the mobilization of MSCs into LN521-alginate scaffolds under an intermittent loading regime.
Determination of the optical constants and thickness of thin films on slightly absorbing substrates (1995)

A method for solving the optical constants of a thin film on a slightly absorbing substrate is proposed. Using only a single-reflectance measurement together with the interference fringes, one can calculate with good accuracy the thickness and the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of the film. Besides its simplicity, this method also avoids the problem of multiple solutions. We show that this technique is effective in solving for the optical constants of thin films with weak or moderate absorption characteristics, and in particular we applied it to obtain the optical properties of amorphous C thin films on Si.
The RACECAR heuristic for automatic function specialization on multi-core heterogeneous systems (2012)

Embedded systems increasingly combine multi-core processors and heterogeneous resources such as graphics-processing units and field-programmable gate arrays. However, significant application design complexity for such systems caused by parallel programming and device-specific challenges has often led to untapped performance potential. Application developers targeting such systems currently must determine how to parallelize computation, create different device-specialized implementations for each heterogeneous resource, and then determine how to apportion work to each resource. In this paper, we present the RACECAR heuristic to automate the optimization of applications for multi-core heterogeneous systems by automatically exploring implementation alternatives that include different algorithms, parallelization strategies, and work distributions. Experimental results show RACECAR-specialized implementations can effectively incorporate provided implementations and parallelize computation across multiple cores, graphics-processing units, and field-programmable gate arrays, improving performance by an average of 47x compared to a CPU, while the fastest provided implementations are only able to average 33x.
Correction to “Combinatorial Library of Lipidoids for In Vitro DNA Delivery” (2023)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Combinatorial Library of Lipidoids for In Vitro DNA Delivery"Shuo SunShuo SunMore by Shuo Sun, Ming WangMing WangMore by Ming Wang, Sarah A. KnuppSarah A. KnuppMore by Sarah A. Knupp, Yadira Soto-FelicianoYadira Soto-FelicianoMore by Yadira Soto-Feliciano, Xiao HuXiao HuMore by Xiao Hu, David L. KaplanDavid L. KaplanMore by David L. Kaplan, Robert LangerRobert LangerMore by Robert Langer, Daniel G. AndersonDaniel G. AndersonMore by Daniel G. Anderson, and Qiaobing Xu*Qiaobing XuMore by Qiaobing XuCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 2023, 34, 7, 1348Publication Date (Web):June 28, 2023Publication History Received16 June 2023Published online28 June 2023Published inissue 19 July 2023https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00268https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00268correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2023 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views819Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (733 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Gene delivery,Genetics Get e-Alerts
Study of the influence of temperature on the behavior of the VDMOS transistor (2005)

This paper presents an accurate one-dimensional device model for the simulation of power MOSFET transistors, taking into account the effects of temperature as an interactive variable during simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Validation of Material Point Method for Soil Fluidisation Analysis (2017)

The main aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the modelling of vertical column tests that undergo fluidisation by the application of a hydraulic gradient. A recent advancement of the material point method (MPM), allows studying both stationary and non-stationary fluid flow while interacting with the solid phase. The fluidisation initiation and post-fluidisation processes of the soil will be investigated with an advanced MPM formulation (Double Point) in which the behaviour of the solid and the liquid phase is evaluated separately, assigning to each of them a set of material points (MP's). The result of these simulations are compared to analytic solutions and measurements from laboratory experiments. This work is used as a benchmark test for the MPM double point formulation in the Anura3D software and to verify the feasibility of the software for possible future engineering applications.
Features of Behavior of Moving Layer of Nanodispersion Material and their Accounting when Designing Technological Equipment (2020)

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Requirements interdependencies and stakeholders preferences (2003)

A major challenge in requirements engineering is to analyze the stakeholders preferences. Software projects are usually described by a large set of attributes. By varying the values of these attributes, the project could potentially be realized in various different ways. The attributes have to be chosen in order to meet the stakeholders' expectations. Therefore one needs to know the utility of a given project realization as perceived by the stakeholders. Here we introduce a well established technique from marketing research to obtain individual utility functions for each stakeholder. These functions also provide a natural way to deal with attribute interdependencies.
Abstract PR02: Targeting NOTCH1 and C-MYC in humanized models of relapsed and induction failure pediatric T-ALL (2014)

Abstract Although prognosis has improved for children with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), 20-30% of patients undergo induction failure (IF) or relapse. Leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs) are hypothesized to be resistant to chemotherapy and to mediate relapse. We and others have shown that Notch1 directly regulates c-Myc and c-Myc is a known regulator of quiescence in stem and progenitor populations, leading us to examine whether c-Myc inhibition results in efficient targeting of T-ALL-initiating cells. We demonstrate that c-Myc suppression by shRNA or pharmacological approaches prevents leukemia initiation in mice by reducing the L-IC population. Consistent with its anti-L-IC activity in mice, treatment with the BET bromodomain BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 reduces C-MYC expression and inhibits the growth of relapsed and induction failure (IF) pediatric T-ALL samples in vitro. Although treatment of relapsed T-ALL cells with gamma secretase inhibitors (GSI) or JQ1 reduces, it does not abrogate C-MYC mRNA levels, indicating a role for dual NOTCH and MYC inhibition in relapsed disease. To test this possibility, we engrafted immunodeficient NSG mice with relapsed pediatric T-ALL cells and treated them with vehicle, GSI, JQ1 or with GSI and JQ1 and monitored survival. Although JQ1 or GSI treatment alone significantly prolonged survival, the combination therapy was more effective at extending survival. These findings reveal a requirement for MYC in mouse and human L-IC maintenance and provide evidence that NOTCH1 and MYC inhibition may be an effective therapy for relapsed/IF T-ALL patients. This abstract is also presented as Poster A48. Citation Format: Justine E. Roderick, Jessica Tesell, Alejandro Gutierrez, Thomas Look, Jun Qi, James E. Bradner, Michelle A. Kelliher. Targeting NOTCH1 and C-MYC in humanized models of relapsed and induction failure pediatric T-ALL. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR02.
Tryptophan metabolism drives dynamic immunosuppressive myeloid states in IDH-mutant gliomas (2021)

The dynamics and phenotypes of intratumoral myeloid cells during tumor progression are poorly understood. Here we define myeloid cellular states in gliomas by longitudinal single-cell profiling and demonstrate their strict control by the tumor genotype: in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant tumors, differentiation of infiltrating myeloid cells is blocked, resulting in an immature phenotype. In late-stage gliomas, monocyte-derived macrophages drive tolerogenic alignment of the microenvironment, thus preventing T cell response. We define the IDH-dependent tumor education of infiltrating macrophages to be causally related to a complex re-orchestration of tryptophan metabolism, resulting in activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. We further show that the altered metabolism of IDH-mutant gliomas maintains this axis in bystander cells and that pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan metabolism can reverse immunosuppression. In conclusion, we provide evidence of a glioma genotype-dependent intratumoral network of resident and recruited myeloid cells and identify tryptophan metabolism as a target for immunotherapy of IDH-mutant tumors.
Electronic EDFA gain control for the suppression of transient gain dynamics in long-haul transmission systems (2007)

An electronic feedback gain control for the suppression of transients in EDFA chains is analyzed. It is shown that the optimal parameters for a single amplifier do not lead to optimal results for cascaded EDFAs.