gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructured Particles for Electromagneto-rheological (EMR) Applications (2003)

Common electrorheological (ER) fluids are suspensions of simple dielectric particles in non-conducting fluid where the fluid properties are controllable through the application of an external electric field. Guided by first-principles calculations based on the minimization of free energy density, we have fabricated novel doubly-coated micro-particles with a conducting inner layer and an insulating outer layer for ER applications. In good agreements with the calculations, orders of magnitude enhancement in the yield stress under an electric field was obtained using the doubly-coated particles when compared to that of bare or singly-coated (without the conducting layer) particles. We have also fabricated multiply-coated particles of glass spheres that exhibit simultaneous electro- and magneto- responses. Under crossed electric and magnetic fields, a transition from the body-centered-tetragonal (BCT) structure to the face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure was observed when the ratio between the magnetic and the electric fields exceeded a minimum value. Both the FCC crystal formation and the BCT-FCC transition scenario are correctly predicted by the first-principles calculations.
A general approach to composites containing nonmetallic fillers and liquid gallium (2021)

We report a versatile method to make liquid metal composites by vigorously mixing gallium (Ga) with non-metallic particles of graphene oxide (G-O), graphite, diamond, and silicon carbide that display either paste or putty-like behavior depending on the volume fraction. Unlike Ga, the putty-like mixtures can be kneaded and rolled on any surface without leaving residue. By changing temperature, these materials can be stiffened, softened, and, for the G-O-containing composite, even made porous. The gallium putty (GalP) containing reduced G-O (rG-O) has excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. GalP with diamond filler has excellent thermal conductivity and heat transfer superior to a commercial liquid metal-based thermal paste. Composites can also be formed from eutectic alloys of Ga including Ga-In (EGaIn), Ga-Sn (EGaSn), and Ga-In-Sn (EGaInSn or Galinstan). The versatility of our approach allows a variety of fillers to be incorporated in liquid metals, potentially allowing filler-specific "fit for purpose" materials.
Lewis and Bronsted acid-containing ionic liquids with dual activation mode for the styrene polymerization (2013)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts at room or close to room temperature and pressure conditions. Most often, they are colorless and present relatively low viscosity, negligible vapor pressure, low flammability and high ionic conductivity. Indeed, they are a great media for a plethora of reactions and are capable to dissolve a large number of organic and inorganic compounds. Their unique physical-chemical properties render those liquids a very attractive condition to be used in cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers. In this work, we describe the synthesis and application of a Lewis and Bronsted acid-containing ionic liquids with dual activation mode for the styrene polymerization.
Lasing of pyrromethene 597 in 2D holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals: influence of columnar conformation (2009)

Holographic photopolymerization, such as used to form holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs), has the advantage of combining the desirable processing properties of polymers with a periodic distribution of an electrically tunable medium (LC). Herein we describe laser oscillations resulting from distributed feedback in fieldmodulated, 2-D H-PDLC photonic crystals. Compared to results of lasing from pyrromethene 597 in 1-D H-PDLCs, the linewidth of the laser action decreases by at least a factor of four and the lasing wavelength is electrically tunable over 5 nm. The 2-D H-PDLCs consist of LC columns within a polymer matrix that were created by interference of four writing beams on the sample cell. Two configurations were studied; one comprising a reflection grating orthogonal to a transmission grating (in-plane) and the other from two orthogonal transmission gratings (out-of-plane). Given that the lattice spacing was the same for both samples, the lasing wavelengths were similar; however the polarization dependence on lasing threshold varied by a factor of three for the in-plane configuration and electrical switching resulted in bimodal lasing. The out-of-plane geometry showed no polarization dependence on lasing threshold and the lasing blue-shifted with applied electric field.
Cardiac Toxicities after Treatment of Primary Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL). Analysis of the LENT-SOMA Questionnaire Registered in the Database of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG). (2005)

Abstract Introduction: As a consequence of the impressive long-term remission rates in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL), the reduction of treatment-related complications is becoming increasingly important. The most important treatment-related toxicities are secondary malignancies, infertility, pulmonary, thyroid and cardiac dysfunction. Here, we report results of the prospectively planned LENT-SOMA questionnaire to determine cardiac toxicities in patients successfully treated for HL. Patients and methods: Between 1998 and 2002, the GHSG conducted the fourth generation of clinical trials for the treatment of early, intermediate and advanced stage HL (HD 10–12) involving a total of approximately 4000 evaluable patients. The LENT-SOMA questionnaire was sent out to the participating centers 2, 5 and 10 years after randomisation of participating patients to evaluate cardiac, pulmonary, and gonadal dysfunction after HL treatment. To focus on cardiac toxicities, questions referred to cardiac risk factors, subjective and objective cardiac dysfunction, cardiac intervention and therapy. Results: Overall, approximately 1.900 (50%) LENT-SOMA questionnaires after 2 years and 10% LENT-SOMA questionnaires after 5 years were identified. Among all documented toxicities, oedema were most frequently reported, followed by arrythmia, cardiac failure, myocardial ischaemia, cardiomegaly, and pericardial dysfunction. The frequency of cardiac dysfunction will be evaluated according to treatment modality (chemotherapy, chemo- and radiotherapy) and it will be analysed with respect to age, gender, and cardiac risk factors. Furthermore, the amount of patients suffering from more cardiac toxicities and the probability of recovery, once a cardiac dysfunction has been detected, will be presented. Conclusion: Cardiac toxicities after HL treatment include oedema, cardiac failure, myocardial ischaemia, cardiomegaly, arrythmia, and pericardial dysfunction. The first analysis of the LENT-SOMA questionnaire focussing on cardiac dysfunction will be presented.
Monte-Carlo simulations of a coded-aperture x-ray scatter imaging system for molecular imaging (2013)

In this work, we demonstrate the ability to determine the material composition of a sample by measuring coherent scatter diffraction patterns generated using a coded-aperture x-ray scatter imaging (CAXSI) system. Most materials are known to exhibit unique diffraction patterns through coherent scattering of low-energy x-rays. However, clinical x-ray imagers typically discard scatter radiation as noise that degrades image quality. Through the addition of a coded aperture, the system can be sensitized to coherent scattered photons that carry information about the identity and location of the scattering material. In this work, we demonstrate this process using a Monte-Carlo simulation of a CAXSI system. A simulation of a CAXSI system was developed in GEANT4 with modified physics libraries to model coherent scatter diffraction patterns in materials. Simulated images were generated from 10 materials including plastics, hydrocarbons, and biological tissue. The materials were irradiated using collimated pencil- and fan-beams with energies of 160 kVp. The diffraction patterns were imaged using a simulated 2D detector and mathematically deconstructed using an analytical projection model that accounted for the known x-ray source spectrum. The deconstructed diffraction patterns were then matched with a library of known coherent scatter form-factors of different materials to determine the identity of the scatterer at different locations in the object. The results showed good agreement between the measured and known scatter patterns from the materials, demonstrating the ability to image and identify materials at different 3D locations within an object using a projection-based CAXSI system.
pects of type inference with subtypes (1992)

We study the complexity of type inference for programming languages with subtypes. There are three language variations that effect the problem: (i) basic functions may have polymorphic or more limited ~ype% (ii) the subtype hierarchy may be fixed or varY as a result of subtype declarations within a program, and (iii) the subtype hierarchy may be an arbitrary partial order or may have a more restricted form, such as a tree or lattice. The naive algorithm for inferring a most general polymorphic type, under variable subtype hypotheses, requires deterministic expo~ential time. If we fix the subtype ordering, this upper bound grows to nondeterministic exponential time. We show that it is Np-hard to decide whether a lambda term has a type with respect to a fixed subtype hierarchy (involving only atomic type names). This lower bound applies to monomorphic or polymorphic languages. We give PSPACE upper bounds for deciding polymorphic typability if the subtype hierarchy has a lattice structure or the subtype hierarchy varies arbitrarily. We also give a polynomial time algorithm for the limited case where there are of no function constants and the type hierarchy is either variable or any fixed lattice.
Multimodal, multiplex Raman spectrometer for weak, incoherent sources. (2005)

Raman spectroscopy in bio-materials is complicated by fluorescence and scattering. We have developed a multimodal, multiplex spectrometer that overcomes these difficulties. We are currently constructing a second generation prototype for in-vivo Raman spectroscopy of tissue.
Betaine ameliorates schizophrenic traits by functionally compensating for KIF3-based CRMP2 transport (2021)

In schizophrenia (SCZ), neurons in the brain tend to undergo gross morphological changes, but the related molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. Using Kif3b<sup>+/-</sup> mice as a model with SCZ-like behaviors, we found that a high-betaine diet can significantly alleviate schizophrenic traits related to neuronal morphogenesis and behaviors. According to a deficiency in the transport of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) by the KIF3 motor, we identified a significant reduction in lamellipodial dynamics in developing Kif3b<sup>+/-</sup> neurons as a cause of neurite hyperbranching. Betaine administration significantly decreases CRMP2 carbonylation, which enhances the F-actin bundling needed for proper lamellipodial dynamics and microtubule exclusion and may thus functionally compensate for KIF3 deficiency. Because the KIF3 expression levels tend to be downregulated in the human prefrontal cortex of the postmortem brains of SCZ patients, this mechanism may partly participate in human SCZ pathogenesis, which we hypothesize could be alleviated by betaine administration.
Planar lens devices by CVD process (2002)

A novel technique for splitting optical signals using planar refractive lenses is proposed. The concept of the planar lens in dielectric films for the fabrication of thin film 1/spl times/N couplers is described. The advantages of this approach for fabricational tolerances, pigtailing, and packaging are described, and the performance of the devices, made by the CVD process is analysed. Experimental results on 1/spl times/2 and 1/spl times/8 devices using this approach are presented. Very good output spot characteristics and insertion loss values have been obtained, and a number of functional, pigtailing, and packaging advantages have been identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rod-Coil Copolymer (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
PAM-PWM Inverter Using Power MOSFETs For AC Motor Drives. (1987)

A new PWM inverter suitable for use of power MOSFETs is described. The output waveforms in the proposed PWM inverter are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A modulating signal for the three-phase PWM inverter is obtained by superposing a rectangular wave on the specific trapezoidal wave. This modified signal lends itself to a simple three-phase construction. The output PWM waveform for the new modulating signal does not include the fifth harmonic component and an amplitude of fundamental component is increased by about 20 percent more than that of a conventional PWM inverter. As each inverter arm does not operate during two-third period, the heat generated in the devices are reduced. That is, the size of the inverter system is minimized because of the reduction in the heat dissipating equipment.
Bio-WiTel: A Low-Power Integrated Wireless Telemetry System for Healthcare Applications in 401–406 MHz Band of MedRadio Spectrum (2016)

This paper presents a low-power integrated wireless telemetry system (Bio-WiTel) for healthcare applications in 401-406 MHz frequency band of medical device radiocommunication (MedRadio) spectrum. In this paper, necessary design considerations for telemetry system for short-range (upto 3 m) communication of biosignals are presented. These considerations help greatly in making important design decisions, which eventually lead to a simple, low power, robust, and reliable wireless system implementation. Transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) of Bio-WiTel system have been fabricated in 180 nm mixed mode CMOS technology. While radiating -18 dBm output power to a 50 antenna, the packaged TX IC consumes 250 μW power in 100% on state from 1 V supply, whereas the RX IC consumes 990 μW power from 1.8 V supply with a sensitivity of -75 dBm. Measurement results show that TX fulfils the spectral mask requirement at a maximum data rate of 72 kb/s. The measured bit error rate (BER) of RX is less than for a data rate of 200 kb/s. The proposed Bio-WiTel system is tested successfully in home and hospital environments for the communication of electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram signals at a data rate of 57.6 kb/s with a measured BER of <10 for a maximum distance of 3 m.
Visible Laser Recordable Photopolymer Based on Poly(p-hydroxystyrene) and Acidolysis of Crosslinked Vinyl Ether. (1999)

Positive-working photoresists based on poly(p-hydroxystyrene) (PHS), 2, 2-bis[4-(2- (vinyloxy)ethoxy)phenyl] propane (BPA-DEVE) has been investigated on their sensitivities to 488-nm argon ion laser using binary acid generated system. 2-(2′, 4′-dimethoxystyryl)- 4, 6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1, 3, 5-triazine (TAZ114), diphenyliodonium p-toluenesulfonate (DITS) and diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (DITFMS) were used as photoacid generator. Acridine orange, rose bengal, thioxanten-9-one and 3, 3′- carbonylbis(7, 7′-diethylaminocoumarin) (KCD) were used as sensitizing dye. In these photopolymers, the polymer containing of TAZ114 and acridine orange exhibits the highest sensitivity to 488-nm light at 147.5mJ/cm2.
Introduction to Numerical Analysis (2006)

No AccessPolymer ProcessingApr 2006Introduction to Numerical AnalysisTim A. Osswald, Juan P. Hernández-OrtizTim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Juan P. Hernández-OrtizSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446412866.007SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2006Pages: 341-384Print ISBN: 978-3-446-40381-9eISBN: 978-3-446-41286-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2006 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Effects of protein-protein interactions and ligand binding on the ion permeation in KCNQ1 potassium channel (2018)

The voltage-gated KCNQ1 potassium ion channel interacts with the type I transmembrane protein minK (KCNE1) to generate the slow delayed rectifier (IKs) current in the heart. Mutations in these transmembrane proteins have been linked with several heart-related issues, including long QT syndromes (LQTS), congenital atrial fibrillation, and short QT syndrome. Off-target interactions of several drugs with that of KCNQ1/KCNE1 ion channel complex have been known to cause fatal cardiac irregularities. Thus, KCNQ1/KCNE1 remains an important avenue for drug-design and discovery research. In this work, we present the structural and mechanistic details of potassium ion permeation through an open KCNQ1 structural model using the combined molecular dynamics and steered molecular dynamics simulations. We discuss the processes and key residues involved in the permeation of a potassium ion through the KCNQ1 ion channel, and how the ion permeation is affected by (i) the KCNQ1-KCNE1 interactions and (ii) the binding of chromanol 293B ligand and its derivatives into the complex. The results reveal that interactions between KCNQ1 with KCNE1 causes a pore constriction in the former, which in-turn forms small energetic barriers in the ion-permeation pathway. These findings correlate with the previous experimental reports that interactions of KCNE1 dramatically slows the activation of KCNQ1. Upon ligand-binding onto the complex, the energy-barriers along ion permeation path are more pronounced, as expected, therefore, requiring higher force in our steered-MD simulations. Nevertheless, pulling the ion when a weak blocker is bound to the channel does not necessitate high force in SMD. This indicates that our SMD simulations have been able to discern between strong and week blockers and reveal their influence on potassium ion permeation. The findings presented here will have some implications in understanding the potential off-target interactions of the drugs with the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel that lead to cardiotoxic effects.
Electric and Magnetic Evolutions in Composite Assemblies of Fe and Si Nano-Particles (2015)

Temperature (T)-dependence of electrical resistivity (ρ) and magnetization curves have been observed for Fe and Si nano-particle (NP) composite assemblies prepared using a double-source-plasma-gas-condensation cluster deposition system. With increasing T, ρ monotonically decreases for the Fe composition, cFe < 0.6, where the Si NP networks are predominant (a semiconductor type conduction), while it monotonically increases for cFe > 0.6, where the Fe NP networks are formed (a metallic conduction). With increasing cFe, saturation magnetization monotonically increases, while magnetic coercivity increases for cFe < 0.4 and gradually decreases for cFe > 0.6. In these Fe and Si NP composite assemblies, magnetic dipole interactions between Fe NPs are reinforced by reductions in inter-particle distances though they are averaged by random configurations of Fe and Si NPs, and random orientations of magnetic moments of Fe NPs. Magnetic exchange interactions are also induced but not much enhanced with cFe due to loose contacts between Fe NPs.
Lineage transcription factors co-regulate subtype-specific genes providing a roadmap for systematic identification of small cell lung cancer vulnerabilities (2020)

ABSTRACT Lineage-defining transcription factors (LTFs) play key roles in tumor cell growth, making them highly attractive, but currently “undruggable”, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) vulnerabilities. Delineating LTF genomic binding sites and associated chromatin features would provide important insights into SCLC dependencies. Here we map super-enhancers (SEs) across multiple patient-derived SCLC preclinical models, and find SE patterns are sufficient to classify the models into the recently defined, LTF-based, SCLC subtypes. 3D-chromatin conformation analysis identified genes associated with SEs that define subtype-specific tumor signatures with genes functioning in diverse processes. Focusing on ASCL1-high SCLC (SCLC-A), we found ASCL1 physically interacts with NKX2-1 and PROX1. These factors bind overlapping genomic regions, and co-regulate a set of genes, including genes encoding cell surface proteins, SCN3A and KCNB2 enriched in SCLC-A. Genetic depletion of NKX2-1 or PROX1 alone, or in combinations with ASCL1, did not inhibit SCLC growth more than that achieved by depleting ASCL1 alone. We demonstrate the SE signature supports the LTF classification of SCLC, identify NKX2-1 and PROX1 as ASCL1 co-factors, and substantiate the central importance of ASCL1 as a key dependency factor in the majority of SCLC. The LTF and SE gene sets provide a molecular roadmap for future ASCL1 therapeutic targeting studies.
Non-mechanical beam steering of high speed VCSEL arrays (2010)

A demonstration of non-mechanical beam steering of high speed VCSEL arrays is reported. 980 nm oxide-confined VCSELs were grown on a GaAs substrate with AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and an InGaAs active region. Up to 24 separate VCSEL arrays can be independently switched to sweep the beam across the illumination area. Three array designs with varying total areas were fabricated with 97, 137, and 278 elements. The corresponding mesa diameters were 24, 14 and 10 &mu;m with pitches of 52, 40 and 26 &mu;m. The relative output power, speed, and thermal performance of an array design is reported.
Dielectrophoresis, instability, and electrofusion in membrane systems (2007)

An approach which is based on knowledge from the colloid chemistry of surfaces and thin films is presented. It is useful for understanding the mechanisms of membrane approach, instability, and fusion, as well as for optimization of cell electrofusion. It focuses on the use of external electric fields to induce membrane approach (by dielectrophoresis), instability (by reversible electroporation), and fusion. Experimental data for these processes and possible theoretical explanations are discussed. The basic conclusions are: 1) methods and results from thin-film dynamics combined with laws of membrane motion and deformation induced by external electric fields can be useful for understanding mechanisms of membrane electrofusion and fusion in general; 2) electrofusion can be optimized by measuring cell polarizability by dielectrophoresis and the critical voltage of reversible electroporation of membranes.
Diffuse scattering model for radio pathloss indoors (2011)

Diffusion theory is found to provide a simple yet accurate expression for the average received radio power loss indoors in non-Line-of-Sight. Agreement with extensive indoor power measurements is found at all ranges, unlike widely used power-laws. Resulting propagation loss has a large impact on the Signal-to-Interference-and Noise behavior, materially affecting conclusions on the value of cell splitting as a method of increasing wireless network capacity.