gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Characterization of SNR in Digital Satellite Communication Links (2021)

Signals traveling through a Satellite Communication (SatCom) channel are subject to noise and interference effects, impacting their Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR). Furthermore, non-linear distortion arising from the nonlinear characteristic of the amplifiers in the system also adversely impacts performance. Current state-of-the-art techniques estimate these effects by including a sequence of known pilot symbols in the transmitted signals. While robust, a downside of these approaches is that pilot symbols do not include useful information, thus introducing overhead. This paper presents a Machine Learning (ML) approach to characterize the SNR, using the received signal in the return link of SatCom systems, independent of the signal's distortion level and without relying on pilot symbols. The proposed technique is validated through a suitable application example: the characterization of SNR in a SatCom system using a 16-APSK modulation scheme.
Induction of gut proteasome activity in hemorrhagic shock and its recovery by treatment with diphenyldihaloketones CLEFMA and EF24 (2018)

Multiorgan failure in hemorrhagic shock is triggered by gut barrier dysfunction and consequent systemic infiltration of proinflammatory factors. Our previous study has shown that diphenyldihaloketone drugs 4-[3,5-bis[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-1-piperidinyl]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (CLEFMA) and 3,5-bis[(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]-4-piperidinone (EF24) restore gut barrier dysfunction and reduce systemic inflammatory response in hemorrhagic shock. We investigated the effect of hemorrhagic shock on proteasome activity of intestinal epithelium and how CLEFMA and EF24 treatments modulate proteasome function in hemorrhagic shock. CLEFMA or EF24 (0.4 mg/kg) were given 1 h after withdrawing 50% of blood from Sprague-Dawley rats; no other resuscitation was provided. After another 5 h of compensation, small gut was collected to process tissue for proteasome activity, immunoblotting, and mRNA levels of genes responsible for unfolded-protein response (XBP1, ATF4, glucose-regulated protein of 78/95 kDa, and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible genes 153/34), polyubiquitin B and C, and immunoproteasome subunits β type-8 and -10 and proteasome activator subunit 1. We found that hemorrhagic shock induced proteasome activity in gut tissue and reduced the amounts of ubiquitinated proteins displayed on antiubiquitin immunoblots. However, simultaneous induction of unfolded-protein response or immunoproteasome genes was not observed. CLEFMA and EF24 treatments abolished the hemorrhagic shock-induced increase in proteasome activity. Further investigations revealed that the induction of proteasome in hemorrhagic shock is associated with disassembly of 26S proteasome; CLEFMA and EF24 prevented this disassembly. Consistent with these data, CLEFMA and EF24 reduced hemorrhagic shock-induced degradation of 20S substrate ornithine decarboxylase in gut tissue. These results suggest that activated proteasome plays an important role in ischemic gut pathophysiology, and it can be a druggable target in shock-induced gut dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemic injury to the gut is a trigger for the systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure in trauma and hemorrhagic shock. We show for the first time that hemorrhagic shock induces the gut proteasome activity by engendering 26S proteasome disassembly. Diphenyldihaloketones 4-[3,5-bis[(2-chlorophenyl)methylene]-4-oxo-1-piperidinyl]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid and 3,5-bis[(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]-4-piperidinone treatment prevented the 26S disassembly. Understanding the role of proteasome in shock-associated gut injury will assist in the development of therapeutic means to address it.
Key Role of Group V Secreted Phospholipase A2 in Th2 Cytokine and Dendritic Cell-Driven Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Remodeling (2013)

This paper illustrates the diverse roles of sPLA2s in the immunopathogenesis of the asthma phenotype and directs attention to developing specific inhibitors of sPLA2-V as a potential new therapy to treat asthma and other allergic disorders.
Solutions to selected exercises (1982)

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Construction of DNA Architectures with RNA Hairpins (2008)

Kissing complexes formed on the basis of highly specific noncanonical interactions of RNA hairpins can be harnessed for the controlled assembly of DNA nanoobjects. Two DNA minicircles, each equipped with a different RNA hairpin motif (see picture), mediate a tight and specific binding of the two circular DNA nanoobjects. These interactions may offer the possibility to construct DNA nanoobjects with increased complexity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704709_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
NRL's research at the Lasercomm Test Facility: characterization of the maritime atmosphere and initial results in analog FM lasercomm (2008)

The US Naval Research Laboratory has undertaken a multi-year research effort in free space optical communications. The goals of this research are to understand and quantify the propagation of optical beams through the maritime atmosphere, assess the global maritime availability and performance of Naval lasercomm, and research methods to improve the robustness of Naval lasercomm links. In support of these goals, NRL has continued to add monitoring and testing capabilities to the Lasercomm Test Facility (LCTF) at NRL-Chesapeake Bay Detachment (CBD). The LCTF has provided volumes of information about maritime laser propagation and atmospheric turbulence. Highlights of recent research collected at the LCTF are presented in this paper.
CTLA-2 Alpha Is a Potent Inhibitor of Angiogenesis in Murine Ocular Tissue (2021)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-2 (CTLA-2) alpha has been reported to suppress the activities of cathepsin L (Cath L), which is deeply involved in angiogenesis. Therefore, we assessed whether CTLA-2 alpha plays a role in angiogenesis in ocular tissue. To establish models of corneal inflammation and experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV), male C57BL/6J mice (<i>n</i> = 5) underwent corneal suture placement or laser-induced CNV, respectively. Mice were then injected with recombinant CTLA-2 alpha (1 µg) into the peritoneal cavity at day 0 and every 2 days after operation. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the inflammatory response by measuring TNF-alpha secretion in peritoneal cavity exudate cells (PECs) or the proliferation of mouse vascular endothelial cells (mVECs). CTLA-2 alpha treatment dramatically suppressed corneal angiogenesis, as well as laser-induced CNV. Moreover, CTLA-2 alpha inhibited the proliferation of mVECs in vitro, while CTLA-2 alpha abolishment was able to rescue proliferation. However, CTLA-2 alpha could not suppress cytokine secretion from inflammatory cells such as PECs. In summary, CTLA-2 alpha was able to suppress angiogenesis by suppressing endothelial cell proliferation. Further studies are needed to investigate its usefulness as a new antiangiogenic treatment for a variety of conditions, including age-related macular degeneration.
Effects of an asthma management program on the asthmatic member: patient-centered results of a 2-year study in a managed care organization. (1998)

For asthmatic members of this health plan, a comprehensive asthma health management program improved processes of care and outcomes.
Perceptually-Inspired Music Audio Analysis (2012)

Covers a few aspects of music audio processing, attempting to link them to what we know of human auditory scene analysis.
Fisher information analysis of digital pulse timing (2015)

In PET imaging, the information needed to form an image is obtained from the detection of pairs of gamma-ray photons emitted by electron-positron annihilations. An optimal timing resolution allows the system to include time-of-flight (TOF) information, which improves image quality. The two methods to approach timing estimation are analog processing and digital captured waveform analysis. In digital analysis, there is a trade-off between the amount of data acquired and the timing resolution of a detector. In order to develop an efficient data acquisition system, we want to minimize the number of digital samples by acquiring the samples that contains the most information for timing estimation. We developed a simulation package to perform Fisher information analysis on the waveform samples in order to quantify the timing information conveyed by segments of the waveform. The diagonal components of the inverse of the Fisher information matrix set the bound that establishes the Cramér-Rao inequality on the variance of an unbiased estimator. The Maximum-Likelihood (ML) estimator is unbiased and asymptotically achieves the Cramér-Rao lower bound; for this reason, the ML estimator is ideal for performing timing estimation and extracting information as described by Fisher information analysis. This document explains the simulation of the waveforms, ML estimation method, Fisher information analysis and the calculation of the Cramér-Rao lower bound, for different lengths of the pulse. The results show that the timing resolution approaches a limit using just a segment of the waveform and there are parts of the pulse that are redundant information. The yields of this work will be used to build an efficient data acquisition (DAQ) system that will acquire less amount of data, and therefore, the complexity and cost of the DAQ system will be reduced.
Anionic Polymerization (1981)

A brief historical review of the concept of living polymers and its ramifications is followed by consideration of various mechanisms of anionic polymerizations. The pertinent papers presented in this meeting are surveyed. Special attention is devoted to polymerizations involving Li counterions proceeding in hydrocarbon solvents. It is stressed that living and dormant polymers participate in such reactions and the consequences of their presence are deduced.
Mechanism and site of action of big dynorphin on ASIC1a (2019)

Abstract Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels that contribute to neurotransmission, as well as initiation of pain and neuronal death following ischemic stroke. As such, there is a great interest in understanding the in vivo regulation of ASICs, especially by endogenous neuropeptides that potently modulate ASICs. The most potent endogenous ASIC modulator known to date is the opioid neuropeptide big dynorphin (BigDyn). BigDyn is upregulated in chronic pain and increases ASIC-mediated neuronal death during acidosis. Understanding the mechanism and site of action of BigDyn on ASICs could thus enable the rational design of compounds potentially useful in the treatment of pain and ischemic stroke. To this end, we employ a combination of electrophysiology, voltage-clamp fluorometry, synthetic BigDyn analogs and non-canonical amino acid-mediated photocrosslinking. We demonstrate that BigDyn binding results in an ASIC1a closed resting conformation that is distinct from open and desensitized states induced by protons. Using alanine-substituted BigDyn analogs, we find that the BigDyn modulation of ASIC1a is mediated through electrostatic interactions of basic amino acids in the BigDyn N-terminus. Furthermore, neutralizing acidic amino acids in the ASIC1a extracellular domain reduces BigDyn effects, suggesting a binding site at the acidic pocket. This is confirmed by photocrosslinking using the non-canonical amino acid azido-phenylalanine. Overall, our data define the mechanism of how BigDyn modulates ASIC1a, identify the acidic pocket as the binding site for BigDyn and thus highlight this cavity as an important site for the development of ASIC-targeting therapeutics. Significance Statement Neuropeptides such as big dynorphin (BigDyn) play important roles in the slow modulation of fast neurotransmission, which is mediated by membrane-embedded receptors. In fact, BigDyn is the most potent known endogenous modulator of one such receptor, the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC), but the mode of action remains unknown. In this work, we employ a broad array of technologies to unravel the details of where big dynorphin binds to ASIC and how it modulates its activity. As both BigDyn and ASIC are implicated in pain pathways, this work might pave the way towards future analgesics.
Structure−Activity Studies of the Phe4 Residue of Nociceptin(1−13)-NH2:  Identification of Highly Potent Agonists of the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor (2001)

A total of 32 compounds was prepared to investigate the functional role of Phe(4) in NC(1-13)-NH(2), the minimal sequence maintaining the same activity as the natural peptide nociceptin. These compounds could be divided into three series in which Phe(4) was replaced with residues that would (i) alter aromaticity or side chain length, (ii) introduce steric constraint, and (iii) modify the phenyl ring. Compounds were tested for biological activity as (a) inhibitors of the electrically stimulated contraction of the mouse vas deferens; (b) competitors of the binding of [(3)H]-NC-NH(2) to mouse brain membranes; and (c) inhibitors of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in CHO cells expressing the recombinant human OP(4) receptor. Results indicate that all compounds of the first and second series were inactive or very weak with the exception of [N(CH(3))Phe(4)]NC(1-13)-NH(2), which was only 3-fold less potent than NC(1-13)-NH(2). Compounds of the third series showed higher, equal, or lower potencies than NC(1-13)-NH(2). In particular, [(pF)Phe(4)]NC(1-13)-NH(2) (pF) and [(pNO(2))Phe(4)]NC(1-13)-NH(2) (pNO(2)) were more active than NC(1-13)-NH(2) by a factor of 5. In the mVD, these compounds showed the following order of potency: (pF) = (pNO(2)) > or = (pCN) > (pCl) > (pBr) > (pI) = (pCF(3)) = (pOCH(3)) > (pCH(3)) > (pNH(2)) = (pOH). (oF) and especially (mF) maintained high potencies but were less active than (pF). Similar orders of potency were observed in binding competition and cAMP accumulation studies. There was a strong (r(2) > or = 0.66) correlation between data observed in these assays. Biological activity data of compounds of the third series were plotted against some Hansch parameters that are currently used to quantify physicochemical features of the substituents. In the three biological assays agonist potency/affinity positively correlates with the electron withdrawal properties of the groups in the p-position of Phe(4) and inversely with their size.
Case Study on a Community-Centric Mobile Service Environment (2010)

Abstract: This paper discusses and evaluates the design and the implementation of a Community-centric Mobile Service Environment (COMSE), where all services are developed with Web technologies. The service environment is built on a distributed communication platform that is implemented using a DHT-based peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol. The interaction between P2P overlay networks and Web-based services is realised with a mobile middleware component called P2P Daemon. By using P2P Daemon as a gateway, Web-based services are able to utilise P2P overlay networks for community management, service publishing and discovery, as well as data storage. This case study highlights the opportunities of using P2P and Web technologies collaboratively in mobile settings. Special focus is on technical evaluation of the COMSE with two pilot services that were tested by genuine users in a real usage environment. As performance criteria, we used nodes’ messaging load, success ratio of P2P operations, and latencies of successful P2P operations. The evaluation results show that it is technically feasible for mobile nodes to use Web-based services in community-centric P2P overlay networks. Our findings suggest that the load inflicted on mobile nodes for maintaining small-sized P2P overlay networks is at an acceptable level, since the mobile nodes are able to stay online up to 8 hours before running out of battery.
Application of Enzyme Production Properties in Subtyping of Group A Streptococci According to T Type (1971)

The production of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase (NADG) and the cell-bound lipoproteinase (serum opacity reaction, SOR) by strains of different serological types of group A streptococci, in relation to the T typing, was studied. The production of both NADG and SOR, or only one of them, was found to be characteristic of serotypes, as determined by M and T antigen. No difference in the production of these enzymes was found in relation to M-positive and M-negative variants. Investigation into NADG and SOR production as related to the T type enabled the division of a single agglutination pattern into four main groups, each of which corresponds to one specific M type or more. Of the 370 strains belonging to 12 different T-agglutination patterns, 21% produced both enzymes and 42.5% failed to produce any of them, whereas the remaining 36.5% produced only one out of the two enzymes. Five streptococcal types which did not produce NADG and SOR also failed to synthesize streptolysin S at the early logarithmic phase of growth, indicating that streptolysin S production by young cultures may be also related to serotype. No correlation was found between the production of NADG-SOR as related to serotype and the production of streptolysin O, acid phosphotase, esterase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, hyaluronidase, streptokinase, and the cell-sensitizing factor. The practical and potential usefulness of NADG and SOR production in epidemiological studies is discussed.
A Framework for Dynamic Web Services Composition (2008)

Dynamic composition of web services is a promising approach and at the same time a challenging research area for the dissemination of service-oriented applications. It is widely recognised that service semantics is a key element for the dynamic composition of Web services, since it allows the unambiguous descriptions of a service’s capabilities and parameters. This paper introduces a framework for performing dynamic service composition by exploiting the semantic matchmaking between service parameters (i.e., outputs and inputs) to enable their interconnection and interaction. The basic assumption of the framework is that matchmaking enables finding semantic compatibilities among independently defined service descriptions. We also developed a composition algorithm that follows a semantic graph-based approach, in which a graph represents service compositions and the nodes of this graph represent semantic connections between services. Moreover, functional and non-functional properties of services are considered, to enable the computation of relevant and most suitable service compositions for some service request. The suggested end-to-end functional level service composition framework is illustrated with a realistic application scenario from the IST SPICE project.
P4‐180: 7 Tesla MR susceptibility‐contrast microscopy imaging of amyloid pathology and the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Due to well-known markedly increased susceptibility contrast at ultra-high-field MR, this work is using 7T MR susceptibilty-weighted imaging (SWI) to better identify the histopathologic correlate of amyloid plaques containing iron and otherwise invisible subhippocampal structures of human post-mortem brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Post-mortem brain specimens of the frontal lobe and hippocampus were obtained from 8 patients (mean age 71.2±6.2 years) with clinically diagnosed AD and 6 age-matched healthy controls (72.4 ±6.6 years) without AD. Coronal 1∼3 cm thick brain slices were preserved and fixed in 2% agar or formalin for this study. Imaging was performed on a 7.0T MR. A 24-element phased array head coil was used. High resolution 3D SWI was obtained with isotropic voxel size 150∼320Î¼m. For imaging optimization to better visualize amyloid plaques, we varied TR, TE, bandwidth and flip angle from 30-100ms, 12-36ms, 60-140Hz/pixel and 10-40°; respectively. Compared to controls, 7T SWI revealed a largely increased number of hypointense foci in AD brain samples along the cortical mantle of the frontal and entorhinal cortex due to enhanced susceptibility effects and superb signal. Figure 1 shows amyloid plaques identified with histologic slice (A) and in post-processed SWI image of the frontal cortex of an AD patient (B) as compared to a healthy control (C). The average phase value in the cortex region of AD data (2296 ± 72) is significantly higher than that of control data (2032 ± 64), which indicates higher iron amount in AD samples. In addition, 7T SWI also provides high resolution images for subregional hippocampal structures including CA1, CA2, CA3, subiculum, and dentate gyrus with significant atrophy of these structures in AD patients.
Isolation and characterization of a mouse interleukin cDNA clone that expresses B-cell stimulatory factor 1 activities and T-cell- (2016)

A cDNA sequence coding for a unique mouse interleukin that expresses B-cell-, T-cell-, and mast-cell,stimu- lating activities has been isolated from a mouse helper T-cell cDNA library. The library, constructed in the pcD expression vector, was screened by transfecting COS monkey cells with DNA pools to express the products encoded by full-length cDNA inserts. By assaying the transfected cell supernatants, we identified clones encoding a factor that stimulates T-cell and mast cell lines. This factor also induces la expression on resting B cells and enhances IgGl and IgE production by B cells, two properties of B-cell-stimulatory factor 1. The DNA sequence codes for a polypeptide of 140 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide. These results demonstrate that a single cDNA clone distinct from interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 encodes a polypeptide with multiple biological activities.
Caspase-8 deficiency in epidermal keratinocytes triggers an inflammatory skin disease (2009)

Expression of enzymatically inactive caspase-8, or deletion of caspase-8 from basal epidermal keratinocytes, triggers chronic skin inflammation in mice. Unlike similar inflammation resulting from arrest of nuclear factor kappaB activation in the epidermal cells, the effect induced by caspase-8 deficiency did not depend on TNF, IL-1, dermal macrophage function, or expression of the toll-like receptor adapter proteins MyD88 or TRIF. Both interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and TANK-binding kinase were constitutively phosphorylated in the caspase-8-deficient epidermis, and knockdown of IRF3 in the epidermis-derived cells from these mice abolished the expression of up-regulated genes. Temporal and spatial analyses of the alterations in gene expression that result from caspase-8 deficiency reveal that the changes are initiated before birth, around the time that cornification develops, and occur mainly in the suprabasal layer. Finally, we found that caspase-8-deficient keratinocytes display an enhanced response to gene activation by transfected DNA. Our findings suggest that an enhanced response to endogenous activators of IRF3 in the epidermis, presumably generated in association with keratinocyte differentiation, contributes to the skin inflammatory process triggered by caspase-8 deficiency.