gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of ultraviolet irradiated mouse skin histological stages by bimodal spectroscopy: multiple excitation autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance (2009)

Histopathological analysis and in vivo optical spectroscopy were used to discriminate several histological stages of UV-irradiated mouse skin. At different times throughout the 30-week irradiation, autofluorescence (AF) and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra were acquired in a bimodal approach. Then skin was sampled and processed to be classified, according to morphological criteria, into four histological categories: normal, and three types of hyperplasia (compensatory, atypical, and dysplastic). After extracting spectral characteristics, principal component analysis (data reduction) and the k-nearest neighbor classifying method were applied to compare diagnostic performances of monoexcitation AF (based on each of the seven excitation wavelengths: 360, 368, 390, 400, 410, 420, and 430 nm), multiexcitation AF (combining the seven excitation wavelengths), DR, and bimodal spectroscopies. Visible wavelengths are the most sensitive ones to discriminate compensatory from precancerous (atypical and dysplastic) states. Multiexcitation AF provides an average 6-percentage-point increased sensitivity compared to the best scores obtained with monoexcitation AF for all pairs of tissue categories. Bimodality results in a 4-percentage-point increase of specificity when discriminating the three types of hyperplasia. Thus, bimodal spectroscopy appears to be a promising tool to discriminate benign from precancerous stages; clinical investigations should be carried out to confirm these results.
Influence of Composition on the Performance of Sintered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Nanocrystal Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Devices (2013)

Thin-film photovoltaic devices (PVs) were prepared by selenization using oleylamine-capped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) nanocrystals sintered at a high temperature (>500 °C) under Se vapor. The device performance varied significantly with [Ga]/[In+Ga] content in the nanocrystals. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) observed in the devices studied was 5.1 % under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) illumination, obtained with [Ga]/[In+Ga]=0.32. The variation in PCE with composition is partly a result of bandgap tuning and optimization, but the main influence of nanocrystal composition appeared to be on the quality of the sintered films. The [Cu]/[In+Ga] content was found to be strongly influenced by the [Ga]/[In+Ga] concentration, which appears to be correlated with the morphology of the sintered film. For this reason, only small changes in the [Ga]/[In+Ga] content resulted in significant variations in device efficiency.
A Learning Approach to Wireless Information and Power Transfer Signal and System Design (2019)

The end-to-end learning of Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) over a noisy channel is studied. Adopting a nonlinear model for the Energy Harvester (EH) at the receiver, a joint optimization of the transmitter and the receiver is implemented using Neural Network (NN)-based autoencoders. Modulation constellations for different levels of "power" and "information rate" demands at the receiver are obtained. The numerically optimized signal constellations are inline with the previous theoretical results. In particular, it is observed that as the receiver power demand increases, all but one of the modulation symbols are concentrated around the origin and the other symbol is shot away from the origin.
Photochemistry of Tetrasulfur Tetranitride: Laser Flash Photolysis and Quantum Chemical Study (2012)

The photochemistry of tetrasulfur tetranitride (1) was studied in hexane solution by the laser flash photolysis technique (LFP). The experimental findings were interpreted using the results of previous matrix isolation studies (Pritchina, E.A.; Gritsan, N.P.; Bally, T.; Zibarev, A.V. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 4075) and high-level quantum chemical calculations. LFP produces two primary intermediates, one of which is the boat-shaped 8-membered cyclic compound (2) and the other is the 6-membered S(3)N(3) cyclic compound carrying an exocyclic (S)-N═S group (3). The primary products 2 and 3 absorb a second photon and undergo transformation to the 6-membered S(3)N(3) cycle carrying an exocyclic (N)-S≡N group (4), which is very unstable and converts back to intermediate 3. The quantum yield of the primary product formation is close to unity even though the quantum yield of photodegradation of 1 is low (~0.01). Thus, 1 is a photochromic compound undergoing in solution the thermally reversible photochemical isomerization. The mechanism of the photochromic process was established, and the rate constants of the elementary reactions were measured.
Urban sensor networking using thick slots in manhole covers (2006)

Conversion of a manhole cover into a slot antenna is an environmentally-robust method of retrofitting sewage systems for environmental monitoring networks. Challenges in this design include the fact that the environment is harsh and not static, the radiation source is at ground level, and the antenna can not protrude from the ground. In this paper, we demonstrate successful sensor network retrofitting of common sewage systems through radiation from manhole tunnels to above-ground nodes, forming a wireless sensor network used to combat combined sewer overflows. Underground sensor-to-above-ground wireless links are established by manhole covers modified to have slits with appropriately spaced coaxial connections that create efficient slot antennas. The antenna was modeled and simulated using a full-wave simulator accounting for all features of the metallic shape of the cover. The antenna is shown to perform as expected as verified by outdoor measurements, but more importantly as implemented in a real life sensor network test bed
/sup 99m/Tc imaging performance of the C-SPRINT Compton camera (2003)

C-SPRINT is an electronically-collimated imaging system that has been built using pixelated, low-noise, position-sensitive Si as the first detector, and a NaI scintillation detector ring as the second detector. The system consists of a single 4.5/spl times/1.5/spl times/0.03 cm/sup 3/ Si pad detector module with /spl sim/2 keV energy resolution centered at the front face of a 50 cm diameter, 12 cm long sodium iodide detector annulus. System sensitivity measurements using /sup 99m/Tc show an absolute efficiency of 1.8/spl times/10/sup -7/. This value is an order of magnitude lower than predicted due to the combination of worse than expected silicon detector triggering performance, timing resolution issues, and system dead time effects. Spatial resolution measurements are within 10% of analytical predictions. Measured resolution for the /sup 99m/Tc point source is 15 mm FWHM. Images obtained were compared with measurements using a clinically-available mechanically collimated Anger camera. A resolution-variance study shows that the C-SPRINT camera performance on a per-detected photon basis is worse than the Anger camera for /sup 99m/Tc, but is similar for /sup 131/I, as predicted by theory. Gains in raw system sensitivity of a Compton camera similar in design to C-SPRINT can potentially lead to substantial improvements in noise-equivalent performance of electronically-collimated cameras over mechanical systems.
Short Communication Immunization Delays the Onset of Prion Disease in Mice (2002)

More than 20% of our reports contained potentially confusing errors, and most radiologists believed that report error rates were much lower than they actually were. Knowledge of the frequency and spectrum of errors should raise awareness of this issue and facilitate methods for report improvement.
Adhesive Tiecoat/Polyimide Interactions in High Temperature Flex Packaging (2007)

The high temperature reliability of flex-based Cu/tiecoat/polyimide structures was evaluated through finite element simulation and experimental approach. This study is part of an effort to characterize and optimize polyimide flex as a substrate material for electronics packages rated to greater than 204°C. The peel strength of several common adhesion metals (Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu) on Kapton E was quantified at room temperature and after high temperature storage in inert and highly oxidizing environments. These results were used in tandem with thermal-mechanical simulations to characterize the behavior of several tiecoat materials. Experimental results showed diminished peel strengths of both the Ti and Cr after a 100-hour 250°C heat treatment in air. However when annealed in an inert N2 environment at 250°C for 100 hours, Cr, Ni, and Ti retained their as-sputtered peel strength. Ni and Cu exhibited lower mechanical stresses in the simulation; however, their relatively low reactivity limits their adhesion strength at the interface in oxidizing environments. To further understand the origin of the thermal-mechanical stress, the effect of mismatched CTE was compared to mismatched elastic modulus. Both properties were found to contribute to stress generation; however elastic modulus mismatches had a much greater influence on the overall magnitude of the stress. Through experimentation and FEA analysis this study aims to develop a flexed-based high temperature packaging solution and to shed light onto high temperature tiecoat/polyimide interactions.
El expediente concursal de regulación de empleo (2008)

El objeto del presente trabajo es el analisis del expediente judicial de regulacion de empleo en las empresas en situacion de concurso. En efecto, la entrada en vigor de la Ley concursal ha supuesto una autentica revolucion juridica en el tratamiento normativo de los fenomenos de reorganizacion productiva de las empresas en situacion de insolvencia inmersas en un procedimiento concursal. Formalmente tal revolucion se explica porque es la primera vez que en nuestro ordenamiento juridico se procede a regular el impacto sobre las relaciones laborales de las situaciones concursales a traves de una norma de caracter marcadamente mercantil y procesal comun, en contra de la tradicion juridica espanola que regulaba a traves de la legislacion laboral todas las implicaciones que para los contratos de trabajo podian tener como consecuencia las crisis empresariales tramitadas mediante los procedimientos concursales. Materialmente, la explicacion reside en el dato de que la nueva normativa aplicable a este tipo de situaciones constituye el pilar basico de los que se ha venido a a denominar un autentico Derecho Especial del Trabajo de las empresas en situacion, actual o inminente, de insolvencia
Calix[6]azacryptand Ligand with a Sterically Protected Tren-Based Coordination Site for Metal Ions (2016)

A new calix[6]azacryptand ligand has been prepared in six steps starting from 1,3,5-trismethoxycalix[6]arene. An X-ray study shows that this ligand has a sterically protected tren-based binding site at the bottom of a polyaromatic bowl and ether sites around its rim. It binds Zn(2+) to give a complex in which zinc is in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with a water bound in one apical position and two additional hydrogen-bonded waters that fill the calixarene cavity.
Integrated Amplitude and Phase Monitor for Micro-Actuators (2022)

Micro-actuators driven on resonance maximize reach and speed; however, due to their sensitivity to environmental factors (e.g., temperature and air pressure), the amplitude and phase response must be monitored to achieve an accurate actuator position. We introduce an MEMS (microelectromechanical system) amplitude and phase monitor (MAPM) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 51 dB and 11.0 kHz bandwidth, capable of simultaneously driving and sensing the movement of 1D and 2D electrostatically driven micro-actuators without modifying the chip or its packaging. The operational principle is to electromechanically modulate the amplitude of a high-frequency signal with the changing capacitance of the micro-actuator. MAPM operation is characterized and verified by simultaneously measuring the amplitude and phase frequency response of commercial micromirrors. We demonstrate that the MAPM circuitry is insensitive to complex relationships between capacitance and position of the MEMS actuators, and it is capable of giving real-time read-out of the micromirror motion. Our measurements also reveal and quantify observations of phase drift and crosstalk in 2D resonant operation. Measurements of phase changes over time under normal operation also verify the need for phase monitoring. The open-loop, high-sensitivity position sensor enables detailed characterization of dynamic micro-actuator behavior, leading to new insights and new types of operation, including improved control of nonlinear motion.
Semantic-Aware Image Smoothing (2017)

Structure-preserving image smoothing aims to extract semantically meaningful image structure from texture, which is one of the fundamental problems in computer vision and graphics. However, it is still not clear how to define this concept. On the other hand, semantic image labeling has achieved significant progress recently and has been widely used in many computer vision tasks. In this paper, we present an interesting observation, i.e. high-level semantic image labeling information can provide a meaningful structure prior naturally. Based on this observation, we propose a simple and yet effective method, which we term semantic smoothing, by exploiting the semantic information to accomplish semantically structure-preserving image smoothing. We show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in texture removal by considering the semantic information for structure preservation. Also, we apply our approach to three applications: detail enhancement, edge detection, and image segmentation, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our semantic smoothing method on these problems.
Electrochemical Differentiation of Epitope-Specific Aptamers (2012)

DNA aptamers are promising immunoshielding agents that could protect oncolytic viruses (OVs) from neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and increase the efficiency of cancer treatment. In the present Article, we introduce a novel technology for electrochemical differentiation of epitope-specific aptamers (eDEA) without selecting aptamers against individual antigenic determinants. For this purpose, we selected DNA aptamers that can bind noncovalently to an intact oncolytic virus, vaccinia virus (VACV), which can selectively replicate in and kill only tumor cells. The aptamers were integrated as a recognition element into a multifunctional electrochemical aptasensor. The developed aptasensor was used for the linear quantification of the virus in the range of 500-3000 virus particles with a detection limit of 330 virions. Also, the aptasensor was employed to compare the binding affinities of aptamers to VACV and to estimate the degree of protection of VACV using the anti-L1R neutralizing antibody in a displacement assay fashion. Three anti-VACV aptamer clones, vac2, vac4, and vac6, showed the best immunoprotection results and can be applied for enhanced delivery of VACV. Another two sequences, vac5 and vac46, exhibited high affinities to VACV without shielding it from nAb and can be further utilized in sandwich bioassays.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of γ‐Keto Esters Through Neighboring Carbonyl Group Assisted Regioselective Hydration of 3‐Alkynoates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Importance of adsorption in ion beam induced deposition of carbon (1990)

Ion beam induced deposition of carbon films has been studied as a function of temperature and pressure for both 2-bromo vinyl benzene and 2-bromo ethyl benzene. In contrast to recently published results involving vinyl and ethyl benzene, deposition is possible for both materials at and below room temperature for a wide range of pressures. Further, deposition yield for each material scales directly with its vapor pressure at the deposition temperature. This behavior shows that physical adsorption plays the dominant role in determining deposition properties. In addition, the yield of 2-bromo vinyl benzene is consistently higher than 2-bromo ethyl benzene at a given normalized pressure. The importance of the double bond on the vinyl substituent observed in previous work is simply a manifestation of enhanced physical adsorption due to the presence of this double bond.
Characterization of Incidentally Detected Adrenal Pheochromocytoma (2012)

In approach to an adrenal incidentaloma, early exclusion of pheochromocytoma is clinically important, due to the risk of catecholamine crisis. The aims of this study are to investigate the characteristics of incidentally detected pheochromocytomas, compared with that of the other adrenal incidentalomas, and to compare these characteristics with those of symptomatic pheochromocytomas. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 198 patients with adrenal incidentaloma from 2001 to 2010. We analyzed the clinical, laboratory and radiological data of pheochromocytomas, in comparison with those of the other adrenal incidentalomas. We also compared the characteristics of these incidentally detected pheochromocytomas with the medical records of 28 pathologically proven pheochromocytomas, diagnosed based on typical symptoms. Results: Among the 198 patients with adrenal incidentaloma, nineteen patients were diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytomas showed larger size and higher Hounsfield unit at precontrast computed tomography (CT) than did non-pheochromocytomas. All pheochromocytomas were larger than 2.0 cm, and the Hounsfield units were 19 or higher in precontrast CT. When both criteria of size > 2.0 cm and Hounsfield unit > 19 were met, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma were 100% and 79.3%, respectively. Compared with patients with pheochromocytoma, diagnosed based on typical symptoms, patients with incidentally detected pheochromocytoma were older, presented less often with hypertension, and showed lower levels of 24-hour urine metanephrine. Conclusion: Adrenal incidentaloma with < 2.0 cm in size or 19 Hounsfield units in precontrast CT imaging was less likely to be a pheochromocytoma. Patients with incidentally discovered pheochromocytoma showed lower catecholamine metabolites, compared with those patients with symptomatic pheochromocytoma.
Recombinant interleukin 2 regulates levels of c-myc mRNA in a cloned murine T lymphocyte. (1985)

The cellular oncogene c-myc has been implicated in the regulation of growth of normal and neoplastic cells. Recently, it was suggested that c-myc gene expression may control the G0----G1-phase transition in normal lymphocytes that were stimulated to enter the cell cycle by the lectin concanavalin A (ConA). Here we describe the effects of purified recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) and of ConA on levels of c-myc mRNA in the noncytolytic murine T-cell clone L2. In contrast to resting (G0) primary cultures of lymphocytes, quiescent L2 cells have a higher RNA content than resting splenocytes and express receptors for interleukin 2 (IL2). Resting L2 cells are therefore best regarded as early G1-phase cells. Purified rIL2 was found to stimulate the rapid accumulation of c-myc mRNA in L2 cells. Levels of c-myc mRNA became maximal within 1 h and declined gradually thereafter. In contrast, ConA induced slower accumulation of c-myc mRNA in L2 cells, with increased levels of c-myc mRNA becoming detectable 4 to 8 h after stimulation. Experiments with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide demonstrated that the increase in levels of c-myc mRNA that were induced by ConA was a direct effect of this lectin and not secondary to IL2 production. Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive agent, markedly reduced the accumulation of c-myc mRNA that was induced by ConA but only slightly diminished the accumulation of c-myc mRNA that was induced by rIL2. Taken together, these data provide evidence that (i) c-myc gene expression can be regulated by at least two distinct pathways in T lymphocytes, only one of which is sensitive to cyclosporine A, and (ii) the accumulation of c-myc mRNA can be induced in T cells by IL2 during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
A reductive coupling strategy towards ripostatin A (2013)

Synthetic studies on the antibiotic natural product ripostatin A have been carried out with the aim to construct the C9−C10 bond by a nickel(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of an enyne and an epoxide, followed by rearrangement of the resulting dienylcyclopropane intermediate to afford the skipped 1,4,7-triene. A cyclopropyl enyne fragment corresponding to C1−C9 has been synthesized in high yield and demonstrated to be a competent substrate for the nickel(0)-catalyzed coupling with a model epoxide. Several synthetic approaches toward the C10−C26 epoxide have been pursued. The C13 stereocenter can be set by allylation and reductive decyanation of a cyanohydrin acetonide. A mild, fluoride-promoted decarboxylation enables construction of the C15−C16 bond by an aldol reaction. The product of this transformation is of the correct oxidation state and potentially three steps removed from the targeted epoxide fragment.
Innentitelbild: Polyoxometallate aus Gold – das Polyoxoaurat [AuIII4AsV4O20]8− (Angew. Chem. 10/2010) (2010)

Eine brandneue Kollektion von Goldschmuck in der Welt der Polyoxometallate wurde entworfen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 1930 ff. identifizieren U. Kortz et al. das erste diskrete anorganische Polyoxoaurat [AuIII4AsV4O20]8− mit einer Tetramerstruktur und quadratisch-planar koordinierten AuIII-Ionen, die durch Oxo- und Arsenatliganden verbrückt sind (siehe Struktur; Au gelb, As blau, O rot). Die leichte Synthese im Becherglas dürfte einen bequemen und allgemeingültigen Zugang zu einer Reihe goldbasierter anorganischer Oxokomplexe eröffnen (Graphik: Rami Al-Oweini, Jacobs University).
Different Mechanisms of Free Fatty Acid Flip-Flop and Dissociation Revealed by Temperature and Molecular Species Dependence of Transport across Lipid Vesicles (2006)

The mechanism of free fatty acid (FFA) transport across membranes is a subject of intense investigation. We have demonstrated recently that flip-flop is the rate-limiting step for transport of oleic acid across phospholipid vesicles (Cupp, D., Kampf, J. P., and Kleinfeld, A. M. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 4473-4481). To better understand the nature of the flip-flop barrier, we measured the temperature dependence of a series of saturated and monounsaturated FFA. We determined the rate constants for flip-flop and dissociation for small (SUV), large (LUV), and giant (GUV) unilamellar vesicles composed of egg phosphatidylcholine. For all FFA and vesicle types, dissociation was faster than flip-flop, and for all FFA, flip-flop and dissociation were faster in SUV than in LUV or GUV. Rate constants for both flip-flop and dissociation decreased exponentially with increasing FFA size. However, only the flip-flop rate constants increased significantly with temperature; the barrier to flip-flop was virtually entirely due to an enthalpic activation free energy. The barrier to dissociation was primarily entropic. Analysis in terms of a simple free volume (V(f)) model revealed V(f) values for flip-flop that ranged between approximately 12 and 15 Angstroms(3), with larger values for SUV than for LUV or GUV. V(f) values increased with temperature, and this temperature dependence generated the enthalpic barrier to flip-flop. The barrier for dissociation and its size dependence primarily reflect the aqueous solubility of FFA. These are the first results to distinguish the energetics of flipflop and dissociation. This should lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms governing FFA transport across biological membranes.