gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Resequencing Oligonucleotide Microarrays for Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes and Associated Antibiotic Resistance Determinants (2005)

Group A streptococci (GAS) are responsible for a wide variety of human infections associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Ever since the first systematic effort by Lancefield to group Streptococcus species by M protein variants, the detection and characterization of Streptococcus by different methods have been an evolving process. The ideal assay for GAS identification not only would provide quick and accurate diagnostic results but also would reveal antibiotic resistance patterns and genotype information, aiding not only in treatment but in epidemiologic assessment as well. The oligonucleotide microarray is a promising new technology which could potentially address this need. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of oligonucleotide resequencing microarrays for identifying GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers. We demonstrated an assay platform that combines the use of resequencing DNA microarrays with either random nucleic acid amplification or multiplex PCR for GAS detection. When detecting Streptococcus pyogenes from coded clinical samples, this approach demonstrated an excellent concordance with a more established culture method. To this end, we showed the potential of resequencing microarrays for efficient and accurate detection of GAS and its associated antibiotic resistance markers with the benefit of sequencing information from microarray analysis.
Green/red dual fluorescence detection of total protein and alkaline phosphate-conjugated probes on blotting membranes (2001)

A two-color fluorescence detection method is described based upon covalently coupling the succinimidyl ester of BODIPY FL-X to proteins immobilized on poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membranes, followed by detection of target proteins using the fluorogenic substrate 9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one-7-yl(DDAO)-phosphate in combination with alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated reporter molecules. This results in all proteins in the profile being visualized as green signal while those detected specifically with the alkaline-phosphatase conjugate appear as red signal. The dichromatic detection system is broadly compatible with a wide range of analytical imaging devices including UV epi- or transilluminators combined with photographic or charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, xenon-arc sources equipped with appropriate excitation/emission filters, and dual laser gel scanners outfitted with a 473 nm second-harmonic generation or 488 nm argon-ion laser as well as a 633 nm helium-neon or 635 nm diode laser. The dichromatic detection method permits detection of low nanogram amounts of protein and allows for unambiguous identification of target proteins relative to the entire protein profile on a single electroblot, obviating the need to run replicate gels that would otherwise require visualization of total proteins by silver staining and subsequent alignment with chemiluminescent or colorimetric signals generated on electroblots.
Chip-based Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (2018)

In present study we have performed total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy on optical waveguide chip. This enables large field of view of imaging with high axial solution and signal to noise ratio with low phototoxicity.
Ultrathin film, high specific power InP solar cells on flexible plastic substrates (2009)

We demonstrate ultrathin-film, single-crystal InP Schottky-type solar cells mounted on flexible plastic substrates. The lightly p-doped InP cell is grown epitaxially on an InP substrate via gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The InP substrate is removed via selective chemical wet-etching after the epitaxial layers are cold-welded to a 25 μm thick Kapton® sheet, followed by the deposition of an indium tin oxide top contact that forms the Schottky barrier with InP. The power conversion efficiency under 1 sun is 10.2±1.0%, and its specific power is 2.0±0.2 kW/kg. The ultrathin-film solar cells can tolerate both tensile and compressive stress by bending over a &amp;lt;1 cm radius without damage.
VPN Applications Guide: Real Solutions for Enterprise Networks (2000)

Introduction and Overview Private Network Technologies Circuit-Switched VPNs Early Connection-Oriented Data VPNs-X.25 and Frame Relay Modern Connection-Oriented VPNs-ATM, MPLS, and RSVP The Internet Protocol Suite Building Blocks for IP-Based VPNs-Security, Quality, and Access Dial-In Access and Multiprotocol Tunneling VPNs IP Security-Enabled and Routing-Controlled VPNs The Future of VPNs Glossary References Index.
Inhibitory activity of diospyrin derivatives against Leishmania major parasites in vitro (2002)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a long-lasting enhancement of synaptic function induced by a brief high-frequency tetanus. Excitatory amino acids (EAA), particularly glutamate and aspartate are a topic of increasing research interest with regard to their proposed involvement in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, some of which are associated with a loss of learning and memory abilities. LTP of excitatory synaptic transmission is a candidate for the neural mechanism underlying learning and memory. LTP has certian properties and characteristics that coincide with voltage-dependent properties of N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) receptor. In hippocampal CA1 area, there are at least two forms of LTP, one is NMDA receptor-dependent LTP, and the other is NMDA receptor-independent LTP. Excitatory pathways that utilize NMDA receptors are also involved in the initiation of seizures and their propagation. These NMDA-induced convulsions can be reversed by anticonvulsant drugs or NMDA antagonists. There are reports suggesting that a significant number of people with epilepsy have cognitive difficulties and impaired memory. Some epileptic patients show memory dysfunctions associated with chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Some anticonvulsant drugs which interfere with NMDA receptor system directly or indirectly, possibly influence the expression of LTP. Long-term depression (LTD) is also being considered as a candidate mechanism for memory formation in hippocampus. LTP and LTD also share a few common features. Some areas which remain to be explored include:- Will LTP and the NMDA receptor turn out to be the true molecular foundations of human memory? To what extent the link between LTP and NMDA systems mediate epilepsy ?
Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes* (1984)

SINCE pancreatectom in dogs resulted in hyperglycemia (1) which was reversed by treatment with the product of the pancreatis islets (2, 3), diabetes was considered to be due to insulin deficiency. This view was questioned almost 50 years ago when Himsworth suggested that diabetic patients could be subdivided into two groups: insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive (4). Later, Himsworth pointed out that insulin-sensitive patients tended to be ketosis-prone, while insulin-insensitive patients were usually middle-age diabetics without tendency to ketosis (5). Himsworth's concept gained support by the findings that plasma insulin activity, determined by biological assays, was absent in diabetics with weight loss and ketosis but was essentially normal in overweight diabetics without ketosis (6). Subsequently, a strong proof for the concept was provided when Yalow and Berson (7), using their specific sensitive radioimmunoassay for insulin, demonstrated that, in response to provocative testing, plasma insulin levels in diabetics ranged from absolute deficiency to markedly elevated values.
Low-Energy Bead-Mill Dispersion of Agglomerated Core–Shell α-Fe/Al2O3 and α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles in Toluene (2015)

Magnetic materials such as α″-Fe16N2 and α-Fe, which have the largest magnetic moment as hard and soft magnetic materials, are difficult to produce as single domain magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) because of quasistable state and high reactivity, respectively. The present work reports dispersion of agglomerated plasma-synthesized core-shell α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 and α-Fe/Al2O3 in toluene by a new bead-mill with very fine beads to prepare single domain MNPs. As a result, optimization of the experimental conditions (bead size, rotation speed, and dispersion time) enables the break-up of agglomerated particles into primary particles without destroying the particle structure. Slight deviation from the optimum conditions, i.e., lower or higher dispersion energy, gives undispersed or broken particles due to fragile core-shell structure against stress or impact force of beads. The dispersibility of α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 is more restricted than that of α-Fe/Al2O3, because of the preparation conditions. Especially for α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3, no change on crystallinity (98% α″-Fe16N2) or magnetization saturation after dispersion was observed, showing that this method is appropriate to disperse α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 MNPs. A different magnetic hysteresis behavior is observed for well-dispersed α″-Fe16N2/Al2O3 MNPs, and the magnetic coercivity of these NPs is constricted when the magnetic field close to zero due to magnetic dipole coupling among dispersed α″-Fe16N2 MNPs.
The HMW2 adhesin of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae is a human-adapted lectin that mediates high-affinity binding to 2–6 linked N-acetylneuraminic acid glycans (2018)

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a human-adapted bacterial pathogen, responsible for infections of the human respiratory tract. This pathogen expresses a range of adhesins that mediate binding to host cells. Most NTHi strains can express the related adhesins HMW1 and HMW2. Expression of HMW proteins is phase-variable: changes in the length of simple-sequence repeats located in the encoding genes promoter regions results in changes in expression levels of these adhesins. HMW expression is also controlled by epigenetic regulation. HMW1 has been previously demonstrated to bind α 2–3 sialyl-lactosamine, but affinity of this interaction has not been investigated. The host receptor(s) for HMW2 is currently unknown. We hypothesized that host glycans may act as receptors for HMW2-mediated adherence. We examined the glycan-binding activity of HMW2 using glycan arrays and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). These studies demonstrate that HMW2 binds 2–6 linked N-acetylneuraminic acid with high affinity. HMW2 did not bind glycan structures containing the non-human form of sialic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Thus, the specificity of HMW1 and HMW2 have complementary lectin activities that may allow NTHi distinct niches in the human host.
Personalized health and the coronavirus vaccines—Do individual genetics matter? (2021)

Vaccines represent preventative interventions amenable to immunogenetic prediction of how human variability will influence their safety and efficacy. The genetic polymorphism among individuals within any population can render possible that the immunity elicited by a vaccine is variable in length and strength. The same immune challenge (virus and/or vaccine) could provoke partial, complete or even failed protection for some individuals treated under the same conditions. We review genetic variants and mechanistic relationships among chemokines, chemokine receptors, interleukins, interferons, interferon receptors, toll-like receptors, histocompatibility antigens, various immunoglobulins and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These are the targets for variation among macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T- and B-lymphocytes, and complement. The technology platforms (mRNA, viral vectors, proteins) utilized to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections may each trigger genetically distinct immune reactogenic profiles. With DNA biobanking and immunoprofiling of recipients, global COVID-19 vaccinations could launch a new era of personalized healthcare.
Nanomagnets La<SUB>0.8</SUB>Pb<SUB>0.2</SUB>(Fe<SUB>0.8</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB> Assembled with a Bonded Surface Graphene Oxide: Sensitive for Sensing Small Gas Molecules (2012)

Nanocrystallites La0.8Pb0.2(Fe0.8Co0.2)O3 (LPFC) when bonded through a surface layer (carbon) in small ensembles display surface sensitive magnetism useful for biological probes, electrodes, and toxic gas sensors. A simple dispersion and hydrolysis of the salts in ethylene glycol (EG) in water is explored to form ensembles of the nanocrystallites (NCs) by combustion of a liquid precursor gel slowly in microwave at 70-80 dgrees C (apparent) in a closed container in air. In a dilute sample, the EG molecules mediate hydrolyzed species to configure in small groups in process to form a gel. Proposed models describe how a residual carbon bridges a stable bonded layer of a graphene-oxide-like hybrid structure on the LPFC-NCs in attenuating the magnetic structure. SEM images, measured from a pelletized sample which was used to study the gas sensing features in terms of the electrical resistance, describe plate shaped NCs, typically 30-60 nm widths, 60-180 nm lengths and -50 m2/g surface area (after heating at -750 degrees C). These NCs are arranged in ensembles (200-900 nm size). As per the X-ray diffraction, the plates (a Pnma orthorhombic structure) bear only small strain -0.0023 N/m2 and oxygen vacancies. The phonon and electronic bands from a bonded surface layer disappear when it is etched out slowly by heating above 550 degrees C in air. The surface layer actively promotes selective H2 gas sensor properties.
Polarization properties of light emitted by a bent optical fiber probe and polarization contrast in scanning near-field optical microscopy (1998)

This article describes the polarization properties of light emitted by a bent optical fiber probe which is used for scanning near-field optical microscopy operated in atomic force mode (SNOM/AFM). SNOM/AFM can be applied to the observation of magnetic domains by imaging polarization contrast in transmission mode. A bent optical fiber probe with a subwavelength aperture is vibrated vertically as a cantilever for atomic force microscopy. Plane polarized light with an extinction ratio of better than 70:1 was emitted by the aperture by controlling the polarization state of incident light to the probe. A particular transverse polarization component of light transmitting a sample is selected by a polarization analyzer and detected. We obtained clear polarization contrast images of 0.7 μm length bits written with a conventional method using a focused laser beam on a bismuth-substituted dysprosium-iron-garnet film.
Somatic cell hybrids between mouse peritoneal macrophages and SV40-transformed human cells. III. Identification of surface antigens coded for by human chromosomes 7 and 17. (1977)

Somatic cell hybrids between SV40-transformed human cell lines and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) containing either human chromosome 7 or 17 carrying the SV40 genome were injected into mice syngeneic to the mouse parental cells. Since either chromosome 7 or 17 was the only human chromosome present in the hybrids used as immunogens, the humoral immune response to gene products coded for by either chromosome was assayed. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay, we were able to identify noncross-reactive cell-surface antigen(s) specifically coded for by either human chromosome 7 or 17, and present in normal, tumor-derived and virus-transformed human cells. However, no reactivity against SV40 tumor-specific surface antigen (TSSA) could be detected in the antisera.
Electrical, Optical, and Acoustic Properties (2008)

No AccessPlastics Testing and CharacterizationMar 2008Electrical, Optical, and Acoustic PropertiesAlberto Naranjo, María del Pilar Noriega E., Tim A. Osswald, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate, Juan Diego SierraAlberto Naranjo, María del Pilar Noriega E., Tim A. Osswald, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate, Juan Diego Sierrahttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446418530.009SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2008Pages: 315-357Print ISBN: 978-3-446-41315-3eISBN: 978-3-446-41853-0 Copyright & Permissions© 2008 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of Additives in the Electrolyte on the Physical Properties of Electrodeposited Copper (2009)

Copper deposited using bath additives added to the bath such as brighteners like Bis-(3-sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS) shows physical property changes when kept even at room temperature. In this research, the elements or groups contained in 2-Mercapto-5-benzimidazole (2M-5S), which have effects in preventing the property changes, are investigated. From this, Mercapto groups and Nitrogen atoms are thought to be essential and Benzene rings are thought to assist these effects. 2M-5S is thought to produce a strong union with the Cu(I) complex and coexisting additives using δ-polarized Nitrogen atoms and increases the amount of impurities incorporated into the deposits at the time of reduction.
Evaluation of two public genome references for chinese hamster ovary cells in the context of rna‐seq based gene expression analysis (2017)

RNA-Seq is a powerful transcriptomics tool for mammalian cell culture process development. Successful RNA-Seq data analysis requires a high quality reference for read mapping and gene expression quantification. Currently, there are two public genome references for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the predominant mammalian cell line in the biopharmaceutical industry. In this study, we compared these two references by analyzing 60 RNA-Seq samples from a variety of CHO cell culture conditions. Among the 20,891 common genes in both references, we observed that 31.5% have more than 7.1% quantification differences, implying gene definition differences in the two references. We propose a framework to quantify this difference using two metrics, Consistency and Stringency, which account for the average quantification difference between the two references over all samples, and the sample-specific effect on the quantification result, respectively. These two metrics can be used to identify potential genes for future gene model improvement and to understand the reliability of differentially expressed genes identified by RNA-Seq data analysis. Before a more comprehensive genome reference for CHO cells emerges, the strategy proposed in this study can enable more robust transcriptome analysis from CHO cell RNA-Seq data. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1603-1613. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potassium restriction downregulates ROMK expression in rat kidney (2000)

The ROMK family of proteins has biophysical properties and distribution within the kidney similar to those of secretory potassium channels of the distal nephron. To study the regulation of ROMK during variations in dietary potassium, we measured the abundance of ROMK protein in rat kidney by immunoblotting. Neither 2 nor 5 days of a high-potassium diet had an effect on protein abundance in the cortex or medulla. Potassium deprivation (2 or 5 days) decreased ROMK protein content in both cortical and medullary fractions, to 51 and 40% of controls, respectively. To see whether the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter is similarly affected by potassium restriction, we analyzed immunoblots by using an antibody for the rat type 1 bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter (BSC-1). Like ROMK, BSC-1 protein content was found to decrease significantly in the renal medulla of potassium-deprived rats. In the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, a decrease in ROMK and BSC-1 could result in decreased reabsorption of NaCl, a finding associated with hypokalemia.
Optimization-Based Settingless Algorithm Combining Protection and Fault Identification (2019)

The demand for faster protection algorithms is growing due to the increasingly faster dynamics in the system. The majority of existing algorithms require empirically selected set-points, which may reduce sensitivity to internal faults and cause security problems. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a settingless time-domain unit protection algorithm for medium-voltage lines. The main idea of the algorithm is to identify which model of a protected line, i.e. healthy or with an internal fault, is more consistent with the input measurements. This is done by solving a number of small-scale convex optimization problems, which at the same time determine the characteristics of an internal fault that best fit the measurements. Thus, the proposed algorithm merges protection, fault location, and fault type identification functionalities. The algorithm's performance is extensively tested on a small grid model in MATLAB Simulink and on the IEEE 34-bus distribution grid in EMTP-RV for different types of generation and grid operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the algorithm can operate quickly and reliably, and accurately estimate fault characteristics even in the presence of noisy measurements, non-ideal communication network conditions and the mismatch in the line model assumed by the algorithm and the model utilized for grid simulations.
32-bit Configurable bias current generator with sub-off-current capability (2010)

A fully configurable bias current reference is described. The output of the current reference is a gate voltage which produces a desired current. For each daisy-chained bias, 32 bits of configuration are divided into 22 bits of bias current, 6 bits of active-mirror buffer current, and 4 bits of other configuration. Configuration of each bias allows specifying the type of transistor (nfet or pfet), whether the bias is enabled or weakly pulled to the rail, whether the bias is for a cascode, and whether the bias transistor uses a shifted source (SS) voltage for sub-off-current biasing. In addition, the current reference integrates a pair of voltage regulators that generate stable voltage sources near the rails, suitable for the SS current references. Measurements from fabricated current references built in 180 nm CMOS show that the reference achieves at least 110 dB (22-bit) dynamic range and reaches 160dB when power-rail gate biasing is included. Generated bias currents reach at least 30x smaller current than the transistor off-current. Each current reference occupies an area of 620 × 50 um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The design kit schematics and layout are open-sourced.
IL-5 and Its Receptor: Which Role Do They Play in the Immune Response? (1994)

IL-5 is a homodimeric glycoprotein that promotes proliferation and differentiation of activated B cells, and controls the production and functions of some other hematopoietic cells, such as Ly-1(CD5)+ B cells, eosinophils and basophils. In humans, IL-5 acts as a differentiation and growth factor for eosinophils, and is the major cytokine involved in the production of eosinophilia. IL-5 acts on its target cells through the specific receptor that is composed of two polypeptide chains, a and b. The alpha-chain is unique to IL-5, while the beta-chain is common to IL-5 receptor, IL-3 receptor and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor.