gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Applications of Drilling Simulators in Student Recruitment, Teaching and Research Programs (2010)

Abstract Drilling simulators have been used extensively for teaching, especially well control, and for analyzing drilling operations, such as cementing. They also have been used to research the impact of drilling phenomena like drillstring dynamics. New approaches to develop and apply drilling simulation systems have been undertaken as a collaboration between industry and academia at two universities: Louisiana State University (LSU) and The University of Oklahoma (OU). The project involves the design and development of two different drilling simulators: a physical drilling model and a drilling simulation system. The simulators provide physical drilling demonstrations and/or hands-on simulation exercises that had previously been unavailable in an academic setting. Although the approaches are different, both are designed and developed for use in recruiting, teaching and retaining students as well as conducting simulation studies and supporting ongoing research efforts. This paper describes the design and capabilities of the two drilling simulators and how their use is being integrated into the petroleum engineering educational programs at both universities. These novel drilling simulators are expected to have a positive impact on the recruitment and retention goals of these university degree programs. To date, their limited integration into course curriculum appears to have impacted student learning, as evidenced by improved test scores when compared to those prior to simulator implementation. Other conclusions regarding the impact of these early applications include improved student comprehension of new concepts. Plans for evaluating the broader impacts resulting from future uses of these simulation systems include observation, student performance assessments on exercises, lab reports, and tests as well as interviews of students, faculty, recruiters and involved industry personnel.
Selective isotropic atomic-layer etching of thin films by using dry chemical removal tool (2023)

There has been considerable interest in the development of isotropic atomic layer etching (ALE) for the conformal removal of thin films. Material selectivity is crucial for the development of isotropic ALE because the next generation of semiconductor devices will be constructed with miniaturized 3D structures using a variety of very thin films. We developed plasma-assisted thermal-cyclic ALE, which is a repetition of surface modification by plasma exposure and removal of the modified surface by infrared heating. We developed a 300-mm tool, namely, dry chemical removal (DCR), which is equipped with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source and infrared lamps, to facilitate rapid thermal desorption of the modified surface. An important feature of the plasma-assisted thermal-cyclic ALE is that it has more tuning knobs than that of conventional ALE because it uses two temperatures: a low temperature for surface modification and an elevated temperature for the removal of the modified surface. This paper presents the selective ALE of various materials, i.e., Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, TiN, W, and SiGe using the developed tool. The mechanisms of the selectivity are divided into two categories: formation of an ammonium salt-based modified layer and selectivity control by adjusting the infrared heating time. This paper reviews the selective ALE mechanisms, focusing on the results of in situ analysis of surface reactions, and presents some of the latest findings.
Variable electric fields for high throughput electroporation protocol design in curvilinear coordinates (2012)

The mathematical solution to the electric field equation in cylindrical coordinates, has suggested to us a new experimental methodology and device for reducing experimental effort in designing electroporation protocols. Using a new cylindrical electroporation system, we show, with an Escherichia coli cell model, how key electroporation parameters emerge precisely from single experiments rather than through interpolation from numerous experiments in the conventional Cartesian electroporation system.
DSP for High-Speed Short-Reach IM/DD Systems Using PAM (2020)

Intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) together with pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is a cost-efficient solution for intra-datacenter links. However, sophisticated digital signal processing (DSP) is inevitable to reach the demanded high data rates for these short-reach applications. In this article, we compare different DSP schemes that enable rates of 200 Gb/s/λ and beyond. Those schemes include Tomlinson-Harashima precoding, partial response signaling, Viterbi equalization and post-filtering together with Volterra nonlinear equalization. Extensive experimental measurements are shown in which the DSP approaches are compared at gross rates between 180 Gb/s and 300 Gb/s. The experiments are done in C-band for fiber links of up to 2 km length. As modulation formats, PAM4, PAM6, and PAM8 are considered. Net bit rates well over 200 Gb/s are shown for all formats at a range of 1 km single mode fiber using a transmission system consisting of currently available commercial components. The optimum DSP configuration as well as the best modulation format varies along the investigated data rates. The best solution is shown to change from partial response PAM4 for lower rates to PAM6 and PAM8 at high bit rates.
Near‐Infrared OLEDs Based on Functional Pyrazinyl Azolate Os(II) Phosphors and Deuteration (2022)

Abstract Near‐infrared (NIR) emitting Os(II) complexes [Os(L1) 2 (PPhMe 2 ) 2 ] (tz1), [Os(L2) 2 (PPhMe 2 ) 2 ] (tz2), and [Os(L3) 2 (PPhMe 2 ) 2 ] (tz3), bearing dual (1 H ‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyrazine chromophoric chelates, are successfully developed. These pyrazine chelates tz n ( n = 1, 2, 3) differ by the location and number of 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl appendage(s) on pyrazine, and the associated Os(II) complexes exhibit bathochromic shifted emission, higher quantum yield, and increased radiative lifetime in comparison to parent complex [Os(fprtz) 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 2 ] (tz0). Moreover, partially deuterated pyrazine chelate L1‐d is prepared using post‐synthetic deuteration, from which the Os(II) complex tz1 shows a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 12.2% in co‐doped 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) thin film at 3 wt%. Further, the partially deuterated tz1‐d exhibits a notable increase in PLQY to 17.8% upon co‐deposited into CBP thin film, confirming the influence of C‐H(D) stretching vibrations on the non‐radiative transition processes. Finally, tz1‐d is demonstrated to be suitable in the fabrication of efficient NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), from which max. external quantum efficiency of 3.77% and max. radiance of 24.1 W sr ‐1 m ‐2 are recorded for emission with peak maximum at 776 nm. These experiments confirm the suppression of C–H vibration caused quenching by deuteration, which should be broadly applicable to the OLED emitters, especially in the NIR region.
Purification and Characterization of Two Novel β-Galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri (2006)

The intracellular beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzymes from two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri, L103 and L461, were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity chromatography. Both enzymes are heterodimers with a molecular mass of 105 kDa, consisting of a 35 kDa subunit and a 72 kDa subunit. Active staining of L. reuteri L103 and L461 beta-gal with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-galactoside showed that the intact enzymes as well as the larger subunits possess beta-galactosidase activity. The isoelectric points of L. reuteri L461 and L103 beta-gal were found to be in the range of 3.8-4.0 and 4.6-4.8, respectively. Both enzymes are most active in the pH range of 6-8; however, they are not stable at pH 8. The L. reuteri beta-galactosidases are activated by various mono- and divalent cations, including Na(+), K(+), and Mn(2+), and are moderately inhibited by their reaction products d-glucose and d-galactose. Because of their origin from beneficial and potentially probiotic lactobacilli, these enzymes could be of interest for the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides.
Service-Aware Multi-Resource Allocation in Software-Defined Next Generation Cellular Networks (2018)

Network slicing is one of the major solutions needed to meet the requirements of next generation cellular networks, under one common network infrastructure, in supporting multiple vertical services provided by mobile network operators. Network slicing makes one shared physical network infrastructure appear as multiple logically isolated virtual networks dedicated to different service types where each Network Slice (NS) benefits from on-demand allocated resources. Typically, the available resources distributed among NSs are correlated and one needs to allocate them judiciously in order to guarantee the service, MNO, and overall system qualities. In this paper, we consider a joint resource allocation strategy that weights the significance of the resources per a given NS by leveraging the correlation structure of different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the services. After defining the joint resource allocation problem including the correlation structure, we propose three novel scheduling mechanisms that allocate available network resources to the generated NSs based on different type of services with different QoS requirements. Performance of the proposed schedulers are then investigated through Monte-Carlo simulations and compared with each other as well as against a traditional max-min fairness algorithm benchmark. The results reveal that our schedulers, which have different complexities, outperform the benchmark traditional method in terms of service-based and overall satisfaction ratios, while achieving different fairness index levels.
Tyrosine kinase signal transduction in rheumatoid synovitis (1992)

Explants of synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis display a transformed phenotype with focus formation and anchorage-independent growth. Many of the cytokines that activate these fibroblasts mediate their action through tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors. Mechanisms of signal transduction via such tyrosine kinases are therefore relevant to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid lesions. Data are presented using the neu oncogene product p185neu as a model system to explore signal transduction by receptor tyrosine kinases. Evidence is shown that increased tyrosine kinase activity in the oncogenic form of this protein may result from dimerization of the tyrosine kinase receptor. In the normal cellular counterpart of p185neu, dimerization appears to be mediated by the action of an as yet unidentified ligand. Dimerization also appears to be important in signal transduction mediated by epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and colony-stimulating factor 1. These cytokines also alter the phenotype of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to resemble transformed fibroblasts. Additionally, preliminary data that suggest increased tyrosine kinase activity in rheumatoid arthritis synovia compared with osteoarthritis synovia are presented. Molecular characterization of tyrosine kinase receptors will be an important direction for future studies of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid disease.
Durable Complete Responses Following Therapy with Epratuzumab Plus Rituximab: Final Efficacy Results of a Multicenter Study in Recurrent Indolent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Epratuzumab, an anti-CD22 humanized monoclonal antibody, has shown clinical activity as a single-agent (Leonard et al, J Clin Oncol.2003; 21:3051–3059) and in combination with rituximab in relapsed/refractory B-cell NHL (Leonard et al, J Clin Oncol.2005; 23:5044–5051). To evaluate this combination regimen in a larger cohort of patients and to evaluate long-term efficacy, we conducted an international multicenter, open-label, single-arm study in patients with recurrent indolent NHL. METHODS: Forty-nine patients (23F/26M, median age: 61, elevated LDH: 25%, bone marrow involvement: 49%) with chemotherapy-relapsed or refractory follicular NHL (n=41) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (n=7) (as well as one enrolled patient with histological evidence of follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) were evaluated. Thirty-five (71%) were rituximab-naive, with the remainder having previously received and responded to then relapsed from rituximab (single agent or with chemotherapy). Patients received 360 mg/m2 IV of epratuzumab, followed by 375 mg/m2 IV of rituximab, weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. RESULTS: As preliminarily reported (Emmanouilides et al, Blood2003; 102/11:69a), the combination therapy was well tolerated, without notable additive toxicity over that expected with single-agent rituximab. Twenty-two of the 41 (54%, 95% CI: 37% – 69%) follicular NHL (FL) patients achieved an objective response (OR) using IWG response criteria, including 10 (24%) patients with complete responses (CR), half of whom remained in remission at the last evaluation with a median duration of follow-up of 44.3 months (range: 18.2 – 52.4 months). The median duration of response (DR) was 13.4 months (95% CI: 8.4 – 28.2 months) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.2 months (95% CI: 6.3 – 13.6 months), with a Kaplan-Meier estimated median DR of 33.4 months (range: 11.2 – 47.9 months) and an estimated median PFS of 35.1 months (range: 12.9 – 52.4 months) for the 10 patients who achieved CR. Importantly, 4/7 SLL patients (57%) experienced OR, including 2 CR, 1 CRu and 1 PR. Furthermore, while the rituximab-naive FL and SLL patients (n=34) showed an OR of 50% (26% CR/CRu, 24% PR), those patients who had responded to prior rituximab (n=14) had an OR of 64% (29% CR, 36% PR). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study confirms that the combination of epratuzumab and rituximab, in addition to being well tolerated, demonstrates promising anti-lymphoma activity for indolent NHL, and can result in durable complete remissions in a subset of patients. Further evaluation of this combination regimen as initial therapy for indolent NHL is planned (CALGB 50701), and in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (CHOP + epratuzumab + rituximab) is ongoing (NCCTG N0489).
Antigenic analysis of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen with site-specific radioimmunoassays (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies to five nonoverlapping antigenic domains of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg) were used to develop site-specific radioimmunoassays. The assays were based on the solid-phase sandwich principle in which different combinations of individual domain-specific antibodies were used as immunoadsorbents and radioiodinated probes. Over 85% of the combinations tested were able to detect serum WHsAg, including those using the same antibody as immunoadsorbent and probe. The limits for antigen detection in one site-specific system ranged between 16 and 80 ng of WHsAg per ml. The antigenic similarity of serum WHsAg from 13 colony woodchucks was shown with several combination assay systems. WHsAg was equally immunoreactive in these assay systems whether obtained by immunoaffinity chromatography or standard rate zone centrifugation methods. Further site-specific analysis demonstrated that Formalin treatment of purified antigen did not affect the immunoreactivity of these WHsAg sites.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Alkyl-β,γ-unsaturated Esters through Efficient Cu-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations (2003)

A method for enantioselective Cu-catalyzed allylic substitution between various alkylzincs and alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic esters that bear a gamma-phosphate is reported. These transformations afford alpha-alkyl-beta,gamma-unsaturated carbonyls with regioselectivities of 7:1 to >20:1 (S(N)2':S(N)2) and in 87-97% ee. The utility of the method is illustrated by a convergent total synthesis of topoisomerse II inhibitor (R)-elenic acid.
Mixed Bit Rate DWDM Transmission of 112Gb/s PM-QPSK Signals over a Dispersion Managed Link using Real-Time DSP to Assess Nonlinear Distortions (2011)

Real-time evaluation of mixed rate DWDM transmission of 112Gb/s PM-QPSK signals over 1072km CD managed link shows a penalty from nonlinear distortions below 0.14dB with 43Gb/s PM-BPSK and PM-QPSK neighbors and 0.81dB with 10.7Gb/s neighbors.
Detection of eight novel palmitoyl protein thioesterase (PPT) mutations underlying infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL;CLN1) (2000)

The infantile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL; CLN1) is the earliest onset form of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL), a group of progressive encephalopathies of children. INCL is caused by mutations in the palmitoyl protein thioesterase (PPT) gene, and we report here eight novel INCL mutations in PPT. Five of the mutations, c.456C>A, c.162-163insA, c.174-175delG, c.774-775insA, and a splice acceptor mutation IVS1-2A>G in intron 1, caused the generation of a premature STOP codon either directly or after a frameshift. One mutation was a three-bp insertion in exon 2 (c.132-133insTGT) leading to insertion of one extra cysteine (Ser44-insCys-Cys45), and another mutation, a 3-bp deletion in exon 3 (c.249-251delCTT), led to deletion of Phe84 in PPT. A splice acceptor mutation IVS6-1G>T in intron 6 can be predicted to cause skipping of exon 7 in PPT. All of these novel mutations were associated with the classical phenotype of INCL, with the first symptoms starting around 12 months of age. The severe phenotypes could be explained by the nature of the novel mutations: five are predicted to lead to premature translational termination, thus abolishing the active site of PPT, and three will probably cause a misfolding of the nascent polypeptide. Thirty-five percent (7/20) of the disease alleles in these 11 families contained the most prevalent c.451C>T missense mutation outside Finland [Das et al., 1998]. Consequently, 31 different mutations underlying INCL have been found so far, the majority leading to classical INCL. Hum Mutat 15:273–279, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Identification of Rotaviruses from Different Animal Species (1978)

Rotaviruses cause gastroenteritis in man and a wide variety of animal species. They cross-react in many immunologic tests and have a similar appearance by electron microscopy, making differentiation among them difficult. Rotaviruses derived from different host species were distinguished by postinfection serum blocking virus activity in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-three rotavirus isolates from children living in three different parts of the world could not be differentiated by this technique, but they were distinct from four strains recovered from calves, and a series of strains isolated from piglets, foals, monkeys, and infant mice. The four bovine strains were similar, but they could be differentiated from the other animal strains, each of which exhibited a distinct pattern when tested by the ELISA blocking technique.
Nanoporous Aluminosilicate-Catalyzed Telescoped Acetalization-Direct Aldol Reactions of Acetals with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds (2018)

Nanoporous aluminosilicate materials, synthesized by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process, catalyze the direct aldol reaction of acyclic acetals with a range of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to produce the corresponding aldol addition products in high yield, rather than the expected Knoevenagel elimination products. By carrying out the reaction in the presence of either dimethoxy propane or the corresponding orthoester, it is possible to capitalize on the ability of these aluminosilicate materials to catalyze the corresponding acetalization reaction leading to the development of novel telescoped, acetalization-direct aldol addition reaction protocols.
Securing the Software Defined Network Control Layer (2015)

Author(s): Phillip Porras, Steven Cheung, Martin Fong, Keith Skinner, Vinod Yegneswaran Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 7 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: Software-defined networks (SDNs) pose both an opportunity and challenge to the network security community. The opportunity lies in the ability of SDN applications to … Continued
ChemInform Abstract: A Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Two‐Component Addition to Form 1,3‐Dienes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Applied Magnetic Field Rejects the Coating of Ferromagnetic Carbon from the Surface of Ferromagnetic Cobalt: RAPET of CoZr2(acac)2(OiPr)8 (2005)

We present the results of the RAPET (reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperatures) dissociation of CoZr(2)(acac)(2)(O(i)Pr)(8) at 700 degrees C in a closed Swagelok cell under an applied magnetic field of 10 T. It produces a mixture of carbon-coated and noncoated metastable ZrO(2) nanoparticles, bare metallic Co nanoparticles, and bare carbon. The same reaction in the absence of a magnetic field produces spherical Co and ZrO(2) particles in sizes ranging from 11 to 16 nm and exhibiting, at room temperature, metastable phases: fcc for cobalt and a tetragonal phase for zirconia. The metastable phases of Co and ZrO(2) are manifested because of a carbon shell of approximately 4 nm thickness anchored to their surfaces. The effect of an applied magnetic field to synthesize morphologically different, but structurally the same, products is the key topic of the present paper.
Real time motion generation and control for biped robot -3<sup>rd</sup> report: Dynamics error compensation- (2009)

Trajectories generated from approximate dynamics models can lead biped robots to fall down due to the difference of dynamics between the approximate dynamics model and the real robot. In this paper, we propose real time methods to compensate for the dynamics error using dynamics error compensation models. Our methods satisfy the horizontal ground reaction force and moment limits so that no slip is caused with the ground. We also propose a method to compensate for the knee dynamics error which is not modeled in our approximate dynamics models. Combining these techniques, running motion is achieved on a real biped.