gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate enhancement of amines in the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate under oxygen (1998)

The photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate was accelerated by amines such as N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, triethylamine, and diethylamine under nitrogen, in which additional initiating radicals were generated by the reaction of the amines with excited MMA. Enhanced rates were observed under oxygen for this photopolymerization in the presence of amines. Because UV spectra of the amines under oxygen indicated that the amines form charge-transfer complexes with oxygen, the rate enhancement was ascribed to photodecomposition of complexes that yield radical species. Molecular weights of polymers obtained in the photopolymerization in the presence of amines decreased under oxygen, supporting the assumed mechanism. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance: Evidence from Two Community-Based Studies (2011)

In both nonobese and obese individuals, insulin resistance is associated with lower natriuretic peptide levels. The relative natriuretic peptide deficiency seen in obesity could be partly attributable to insulin resistance, and could be one mechanism by which insulin resistance promotes hypertension.
Enzyme Activities Associated with Carbon Dioxide Exchange in Illuminated Leaves of Hordeum vulgare L. (1973)

The carbon dioxide compensation point (Γ) was found to vary under constant environmental conditions, as the duration of light treatment increased, and also with leaf age. The activities of RuDP carboxylase, catalase, glycollate oxidase, and nitrate reductase were found to vary with duration of the light treatment during the course of a single day. RuDP carboxylase activity was found to exhibit a rhythmic fluctuation of activity with age, which had a frequency common to all the leaves examined. The activities of RuDP carboxylase, glycollate oxidase, and nitrate reductase in the leaves was found to increase with ascending leaf position; the activities generally decreased with leaf age. The ratio of nitrate reductase activity to RuDP carboxylase activity was found to give an excellent correlation with measured T, and the value of nitrate reductase as an indirect measure of photorespiration and the relationship between nitrogen metabolism and photorespiration is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Important Tryptophan Analogues for Biological Research via the Schoellkopf Chiral Auxiliary. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Polyethylene Molecular Weight Distribution on Phase Morphology Development in Poly(p-phenylene ether) and Polyethylene Blends (2018)

Bimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD) in a polymer can potentially deliver mechanical toughness from the high molecular weight (MW) components without compromising its processability due to the presence of the low MW components. The influence of MW bimodality on the morphology development in a heterophase polymer blend system, however, remains unclear. In this study, high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) of high unimodal, low unimodal, and bimodal MWDs, namely HDPE-H, HDPE-L, and HDPE-B, were synthesized and then blended with PPE to study the effect of the MWD on morphology development. After blending, the low MW components in HDPE-B are found to populate the HDPE/PPE interface, and the morphological and continuity behaviors of PPE in HDPE-B/PPE are virtually identical to those in the unimodal HDPE-L/PPE blend. Despite the high interfacial tension between HDPE and PPE, all three HDPEs form fiber-like dispersions in HDPE/PPE blends when PPE is the majority phase. This leads to an early HDPE phase continuity onset and an extremely broad cocontinuity region from 10 to 60 wt % of HDPE in all the HDPE/PPE blend systems. These fiber-like HDPE dispersions in the PPE matrix are likely a consequence of the extremely high PPE viscosity. The study opens up the concept/potential of using biomodal polymers in such a way that the higher molecular weight component could be used to control mechanical properties while the lower molecular weight component controls the viscous/morphological characteristics.
Depletion of key protein components of the RISC pathway impairs pre-ribosomal RNA processing (2011)

Little is known about whether components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) mediate the biogenesis of RNAs other than miRNA. Here, we show that depletion of key proteins of the RISC pathway by antisense oligonucleotides significantly impairs pre-rRNA processing in human cells. In cells depleted of Drosha or Dicer, different precursors to 5.8S rRNA strongly accumulated, without affecting normal endonucleolytic cleavages. Moderate yet distinct processing defects were also observed in Ago2-depleted cells. Physical links between pre-rRNA and these proteins were identified by co-immunoprecipitation analyses. Interestingly, simultaneous depletion of Dicer and Drosha led to a different processing defect, causing slower production of 28S rRNA and its precursor. Both Dicer and Ago2 were detected in the nuclear fraction, and reduction of Dicer altered the structure of the nucleolus, where pre-rRNA processing occurs. Together, these results suggest that Drosha and Dicer are implicated in rRNA biogenesis.
UV-driven in-plane rotation of a liquid crystal director in poly(vinyl cinnamate) films having microscale grooves (2010)

The micropatterned poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) alignment layers are fabricated by a solvent-assisted micromolding method. Without UV irradiation, the alignment layer can induce the unidirectional liquid crystal (LC) orientation, which is influenced by topography-based anchoring energies. With photodimerization of PVCi by UV irradiation, we could modulate the anchoring energies caused by chemical interactions of the alignment layer. It is observed that these two different contributions compete against each other in determining LC rotation on the surface of the alignment layer. The rotation angle of LC directors could be controlled from 45° to 70° by simply changing the UV exposure dose.
Novel Toxicology Program to Support the Development of Inhaled VentaProst (2020)

Currently, off-label continuous administration of inhaled epoprostenol is used to manage hemodynamics during mitral valve surgery. A toxicology program was developed to support the use of inhaled epoprostenol during mechanical ventilation as well as pre- and postsurgery via nasal prongs. To support use in patients using nasal prongs, a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), 14-day rat, nose-only inhalation study was performed. No adverse findings were observed at ∼50× the dose rate received by patient during off-label use. To simulate up to 48 hours continuous aerosol exposure during mechanical ventilation, a GLP toxicology study was performed using anesthetized, intubated, mechanically ventilated dogs. Dogs inhaled epoprostenol at approximately 6× and 13× the dose rate reported in off-label human studies. This novel animal model required establishment of a dog intensive care unit providing sedation, multisystem support, partial parenteral nutrition, and management of the intubated mechanically ventilated dogs for the 48-hour duration of study. Aerosol was generated by a vibrating mesh nebulizer with novel methods required to determine dose and particle size in-vitro. Continuous pH 10.5 epoprostenol was anticipated to be associated with lung injury; however, no adverse findings were observed. As no toxicity at pH 10.5 was observed with a formulation that required refrigeration, a room temperature stable formulation at pH 12 was evaluated in the same ventilated dog model. Again, there were no adverse findings. In conclusion, current toxicology findings support the evaluation of inhaled epoprostenol at pH 12 in surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension for up to 48 hours continuous exposure.
Scaling of Two- and Three-Dimensional Shock/Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions at Compression Corners (1982)

This paper begins by considering how the upstream influence of a two-dimensional shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction scales with the parameters of the incoming flow. Several recent experiments with equilibrium, supersonic, adiabatic turbulent boundary layers are considered in this light. Based on dimensional analysis, a functional relation is found among the upstream influence and the related parameters b0, Re, a, and Mw. Then, an explicit correlation of these parameters is derived from the experimental data. The correlation demonstrates that, when upstream influence is scaled by boundary-layer thickness, an RebQ residual remains. Further, some long-standing discrepancies among the experiments in this field are largely accounted for. Then, the upstream influence of three-dimensional interactions is examined to see if it scales in a manner similar to that of two-dimensional interactions. Based on measurements presented here for the first time, this is indeed the case, with the important provision that the flow development in both the streamwise and spanwise directions must be scaled simultaneously.
Comparative Study of Plasma-Charging Damage in High-k Dielectric and p–n Junction and Their Effects on Off-State Leakage Current of Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2011)

Plasma-induced charging damage (PCD) to a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with a high- k dielectric was studied in detail using a capacitively coupled plasma reactor for various exposure times. From the drain current versus gate voltage characteristics, we observed the threshold voltage shift (Δ V th ) and the increase in reverse-leakage current ( I j ) at the n + /p junction in plasma-exposed n-channel MOSFETs. The observed Δ V th in the negative direction was due to positive trap-site creation in the high- k dielectric. The combined effect by PCD increased off-state leakage current ( I off ) in n-channel MOSFETs, however, the I j increase was found to be dominant in the I off increase. By employing a capacitance-measurement technique, we clarified that the I j considerably was increased at the junction by PCD, whereas the maximum capacitance at the junction in accumulation decreased. We also identified that the generated defect site density ( n d ) at the junction induces the observed I j increase as a trap-assist tunneling site.
Parallel tertiary structure search on the Cenju-S parallel machine (2002)

The author parallelized a tertiary structure search algorithm on a distributed memory parallel computer, Cenju-S, utilizing a standard message passing interface (MPI) parallel library. For parallelization scheme, a master-workers model is used. The author analyzed the total performance by utilizing a M/M/1 queueing model and Jackson's model, and clearly explained the actual turn around times. Tertiary structure search is a computationally intensive task. When test sequences are distributed to all processors, a single key sequence can be tested independently. Thus high parallelization results are anticipated. Since database is allocated on a master processor, worker processors should acquire test sequences from the master processor. Sometimes a worker should wait until other workers obtain test sequences from the master processor. By this waiting, the total performance will saturate when the number of processors proceeds certain level.
Polyelectrolytes as new matrices for secondary ion mass spectrometry (2005)

Significant enhancements in ion yields in time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) are observed when water-soluble analytes are mixed with a polyelectrolyte, e.g., poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) or poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), and then deposited in the layer-by-layer method on a surface. This previously unobserved effect is demonstrated for 5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline appended diaza-18-crown-6, 5-(2-aminoethoxy)methyl-5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline appended diaza-18-crown-6, acridine, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, and ferrocenecarboxylic acid. By optical ellipsometry film thicknesses range from ca. 5-20 angstroms. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows significantly less analyte in the polyelectrolyte-analyte films than in the neat analytes. However, TOF-SIMS generally shows significant enhancements in ion yields from the polyelectrolyte films compared with either the neat compounds or the compounds solubilized with acid or base and then dried on a surface. These significant enhancements in ion yields also appear to extend to analyte fragments and cationized molecular species. Some enhancement is also observed for dried droplets of analytes mixed with a polyelectrolyte on surfaces.
50×20 crossbar switch block (CSB) with two-varistors (a-Si/SiN/a-Si) selected complementary atom switch for a highly-dense reconfigurable logic (2016)

A large scale, 50×20 crossbar switch block (CSB) is newly developed for a nonvolatile, highly-dense reconfigurable logic. A compact two-varistors selected complementary atom switch (a.k.a. via-switch) is placed at each cross-point, in which the two control lines connected to the varistors can realize the multiple fan-outs without select transistors. The improved a-Si/SiN/a-Si varistor with a novel triple layered SiN shows superior nonlinearity (NL) of 1.1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> with J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =1.63MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while keeping very low static power of 0.2μW for the CSB. The developed CSB is also applicable for nonvolatile configuration memory for look up tables (LUTs) as well as routing switches used in low power reconfigurable logic.
Interfacial Dislocation Reduction by Optimizing Process Condition in SiC Epitaxy (2022)

It is known that generation of interfacial dislocation on SiC epitaxy depends mainly on misfit strain between substrate and the epilayer. In this paper, we investigate the impact of temperature profile, doping profile of the epilayer and resistivity of the substrates on the formation of interfacial dislocation in epilayers. Our preliminary results show that thermal profile during the epitaxy plays a key role in formation of interfacial dislocations in epilayers. We demonstrated reduction or elimination of interfacial dislocation in epilayers by optimizing the temperature profile of the wafers during the epitaxial growth.
2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction (2022)

Abstract Electrochemical CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R) is an attractive option for storing renewable electricity and for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels. In this roadmap, we review recent progress in fundamental understanding, catalyst development, and in engineering and scale-up. We discuss the outstanding challenges towards commercialization of electrochemical CO 2 R technology: energy efficiencies, selectivities, low current densities, and stability. We highlight the opportunities in establishing rigorous standards for benchmarking performance, advances in in operando characterization, the discovery of new materials towards high value products, the investigation of phenomena across multiple-length scales and the application of data science towards doing so. We hope that this collective perspective sparks new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer towards establishing a low- or zero-emission carbon cycle.
Long-term effects of cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (2008)

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy leads to similar prognostic and symptomatic benefits in patients in AF and SR, even without atrioventricular junction ablation. Echocardiographic improvements are also comparable.
ACOUSTICS2008/1068 Time Reversal of Acoustic Waves in the Nonlinear Regime: Basic Physics and Application to Ultrasound Contrast Imaging (2008)

Time reversal invariance of acoustic waves propagation remains valid even in the nonlinear regime in non dissipative media. This very interesting property that was extensively used in linear acoustics can also find potential applications in the nonlinear regime. Harmonic imaging coupled to the use of contrast agents is a topic of wide interest in ultrasonic medical imaging. Images are built at twice the excitation frequency that corresponds to the resonance frequency of the bubbles embedded in the medium. Consequently, the contrast becomes important between areas of low and high concentration of bubbles. However, at a high mechanical index, the harmonic components of backscattered echoes depends on the intrinsic nonlinear properties of tissues as well as the bubble’s resonance. The focused beam is generating harmonics during its nonlinear propagation. It results in a degradation of the harmonic image contrast. Time reversal is an elegant way to find the emission codes allowing us to cancel the harmonic components due to nonlinear propagation of the ultrasonic beam. In the absence of bubbles, if the backscattered echoes are time-reversed and reemitted by the array, the harmonic components of the resulting wavefront are transferred back to the fundamental frequency during propagation. Experiments conducted with 1D-linear arrays illustrate these cancellation techniques.
Electro-degradation and resistive switching of Fe-doped SrTiO3 single crystal (2013)

In this work, the results of the electrocoloration of strontium titanate single crystals with different iron concentrations are presented. The samples of SrTiO3(100) doped with 0.06 at. % and 0.13 at. % of iron were electroreduced at low pressure (10−8 mbar) and elevated temperature (250 °C) using a DC voltage of 200 V. This led to the migration of oxygen vacancies and subsequent electrocoloration of the samples, which was confirmed by optical analysis and electrical measurements. Evolution of the color front was compared with finite element calculations of electric potential indicating good agreement. Both macroscopic and nanoscopic measurements showed insulator-metal transition at several hundreds of seconds (0.06%Fe) and resistive switching behavior. We found that the resistive switching is clearly modified by the oxygen partial pressure of the ambient atmosphere. Moreover, after electroreduction, in the region between the electrodes, stripes can be found following simple crystallographic directions connected with the extended defects and easy diffusion paths also observed in the single crystals of undoped strontium titanate. Furthermore, migration of negatively charged oxygen ions towards the anode led to the formation of oxygen bubbles trapped between the surface of the crystal and the electrode. Using atomic force microscopy, we were able to measure the geometry of a bubble and calculate the oxygen pressure necessary for the formation of such bubbles and the total amount of oxygen ions trapped within.
Six-port technology for MIMO and cognitive radio receiver applications (2015)

Six-port technique is a very accurate and cost effective method to determine the amplitude and phase of any input signal with respect to a known signal using only power or voltage measurements. This property of six-port technique has been variously exploited in a number of RF (radio frequency) and microwave applications. The present paper provides a very brief but wide review of the six-port technique for communication receiver applications. After providing a basic theory of six-port technique for single-band receiver application, the paper shows the usefulness of the technique for multi-band, MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) and CR (cognitive radio) receiver applications.
MoS2 Microtubes: An Electron Microscopy Study (1998)

Recently it was found that instability of thin weakly bonded MoS 2 sheets against folding can lead to a growth of hollowed microtubes with several mm lengths, 1–20 μm diameter and less than 0.1 μm wall thickness. 1 Bent sheets can directly roll up into the tube or they can produce in their microfolds a turbulent gas flow of transported molecules which promotes a tubelike growth mode. These uncommon stable features of inorganic crystals reveal a great similarity to much smaller carbon fullerences and especially to inorganic ( MoS 2 , WS 2 ) nested fullereness-nanotubes. 2 Scanning electron microscopic studies of cylindrical microtubes and twisted microribbons are combined with high resolution electron microscopic observations of stacking faults.
Recent Topics about Nano-safety Science and Its Future (2013)

Recently, it is concerned that nanomaterials induce undesirable biological responses (NanoTox) which is different from conventional materials attributed to their unique physicochemical properties in the world. Therefore, the movements to regulate the development and practical use of nanomaterials are accelerated in North America and Europe in corporation with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). However, for our enjoying the benefits of nanomateirals, it is most important not to regulate nanomaterials in the blind way but to assure the security of nanomaterials and support the development of nanomaterial industries. These are duty of our country to be advanced country, technology-oriented nation and intellectual property nation. From these viewpoints, we are engaged on not NanoTox study but Nano-Safety Science study. That is, we try to research the relationship between physicochemical properties, biodistribution, intracellular localization, kinetics and biological responses (safety) of nanomaterials for the purpose of the collection and the transmission of safety information of nanomaterials based on scientific evidence lead to a support of nanomaterials' development. In this review, we would like to introduce our Nano-safety science study using mainly amorphous silica nanoparticles.
Near-0.3 k 1 full pitch range contact hole patterning using chromeless phase lithography (CPL) (2003)

Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RET), or low k1 imaging, has been deployed successfully to extend the resolution limits of optical lithography significantly below half-&lambda; for today's poly gate mask in the state-of-the-art manufacturing processes. However, achieving satisfactory contact hole patterning through the full pitch range required for the 90nm and 65nm technology nodes has greatly challenged the leading process development effort. Currently, attenuated PSM's with transmission between 5% and 9% are used to enhance the resolution of dark field contact hole patterns. Using conventional illumination with a low sigma, which is the common method employed for att-PSM, limits the minimum pitch that can be resolved on the wafer. By using off-axis illumination (OAI) it is possible to image smaller pitches. However, the same attributes that enhance imaging for dense patterns severely degrade the imaging of isolated patterns. Using Chromeless Phase Lithography (CPL), sub-wavelength isolated contact patterns can be imaged using strong off-axis illumination, such as Quasar, dipole and double dipole, etc. By applying modeled sub-resolution and non-printing features, we found it is possible to achieve very high-resolution contact imaging with exceptional process latitude. Both phase shifted and non-phase shifted patterns can be much larger than sub-resolution assist features (or anti-Scattering Bars) used on dark field binary reticles (~three times larger), making the reticle pattern easier to manufacture. Using this method, sub-wavelength bright patterns on a dark field can be imaged through the full pitch range. We have shown that it is feasible to push the contact resolution limit to 0.33 k1 or smaller.