gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cold filling processes for 70MPa storage systems in vehicles (2006)

The potential of hydrogen gas pre-cooling for fast refueling of 70MPa storage systems is exp lored in this paper. Both energy cost and impact on vessel materials have been assessed. For a given hydrogen mass transferred into the vessel the gas cooling energy was compared to the compression energy gained from operating at a lower gas temperature. Results show that the energy consumption increases dramatically for filling gas temperature lower than –75°C, but some advantages are expected for a filling gas temperature around –40°C, and even more if investment cost are taken into account. Cold filling tests were performed on a type III composite tank with filling gas temperatures as low as –85°C. As expected, the gas quickly heats up in the vessel but the vessel inlet (neck and shoulder) can be exposed to quite lower temperatures than the average gas temperature. This work has been performed within the European funded project STORHy which objective is to develop storage systems for automotive application.
dist-gem5: Distributed simulation of computer clusters (2017)

When analyzing a distributed computer system, we often observe that the complex interplay among processor, node, and network sub-systems can profoundly affect the performance and power efficiency of the distributed computer system. Therefore, to effectively cross-optimize hardware and software components of a distributed computer system, we need a full-system simulation infrastructure that can precisely capture the complex interplay. Responding to the aforementioned need, we present dist-gem5, a flexible, detailed, and open-source full-system simulation infrastructure that can model and simulate a distributed computer system using multiple simulation hosts. Then we validate dist-gem5 against a physical cluster and show that the latency and bandwidth of the simulated network sub-system are within 18% of the physical one. Compared with the single threaded and parallel versions of gem5, dist-gem5 speeds up the simulation of a 63-node computer cluster by 83.1x and 12.8x, respectively.
Kinetic Modeling of Halogen-Based Plasma Etching of Complex Oxide Films and its Application to Predictive Feature Profile Simulation (2012)

In this work, a comprehensive framework for predicting etching behavior is developed using the test case of hafnium lanthanate (HfxLayOz) in Cl2/BCl3 chemistry, starting from detailed thermodynamic analysis in the form of volatility diagrams. Through these calculations, it was predicted that at typical plasma reactor operating pressures, the reactions of molecular Cl2 and Cl radicals with La2O3 and HfO2 could generate sufficiently high partial pressures of OxCly for measurable material removal to occur. The etch rate of Hf0.25La0.12O0.63 as a function of ion energy was characterized in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance. The etch rate data was found to exhibit a dual ion energy dependence with a maximum etch rate of ~27 Å/min at Eion = 175 eV. The overall etch rate was found to be approximately half that of a pure HfO2 film etched at the same conditions, due to the formation of non-volatile LaClx compounds. QMS measurements of HfLaO in Cl2 chemistry showed LaOCl and LaCl as the primary La-containing etch products. XPS analysis of pure La2O3 films provided further evidence of this hypothesis, showing significant Cl retention (~10%) compared to HfLaO and also revealing the presence of Cl-O-La bonding. A kinetics-based bulk scale (TML) model was fit to the aforementioned experimental data and good agreement was shown between the TML model's simulated results and etch rate data. An additional degree of validation was provided through a comparison of the model's predicted composition of the surface mixing layer and the XPS-measured film compositions after plasma exposure.The final validation of this approach was to assess the fitted kinetic parameters for complex oxide etching in Cl-based chemistry (such as reaction rate coefficients, threshold energies and sticking probabilities) at feature scale levels. The results from the TML model were coupled to a Monte Carlo based feature profile simulator and used to predict the variation of the etched feature profiles of Hf0.25La0.12O0.63 films for varying aspect ratios (1.5, 3 and 6) and ion energies (75, 100 and 175 eV). In order to compare to experimental results, features of varying aspect ratio were achieved using an e-beam tool to pattern a ZEP520A photoresist mask on HfLaO followed by etching in Cl2 . Good agreement was achieved with the etched profile at 100 eV and AR = 5. As a test of the model's ability to handle variations in gas chemistry with a material system besides that of high-k dielectrics, this methodology was also applied to the shallow trench isolation process (Si etching in Cl22/O2 chemistry). The model showed good fitting of the major process parameters (etch rate, etch product ratios and surface composition) and showed an ability to predict the profile variation with 0, 2, 6 and 8% oxygen addition to a pure Cl2 plasma for the etching of Si.
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 Forms a Complex with the Nuclear Transporter Karyopherin α2 (1997)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the induction of several malignancies. The nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein that is expressed consistently in all EBV-associated tumors. EBNA1 is involved in the replication and maintenance of the viral episome in the infected cell and exhibits oncogenic activity in transgenic mice. Here we report the identification of the nuclear transporter karyopherin alpha2 as a cellular partner of EBNA1 using the yeast "two-hybrid system." Karyopherin alpha2 is also called importin alpha or Rch1. The binding to karyopherin alpha2 was mediated through a C-terminal region of EBNA1 encompassing the nuclear localization signal, whereas clones of EBNA1 devoid of the nuclear localization signal failed to bind to karyopherin alpha2. The interaction was biochemically confirmed by far-Western analysis using bacterially expressed karyopherin alpha2 and karyopherin alpha2-specific monoclonal antibodies. The nuclear transport of EBNA1 was impaired by expression of N-terminally truncated karyopherin alpha2. Zone velocity sedimentation in a sucrose gradient indicated that: (i) EBNA1 and Rch1 colocalize; and (ii) the association of karyopherin alpha2 with high molecular weight protein complexes might be impeded by the presence of EBNA1.
The neural correlates of self-paced finger tapping in bipolar depression with motor retardation (2012)

Both movement preparation and execution may be affected in motor retardation, and the activity in the whole left-side motor circuit is altered during self-initiated motor performance in bipolar depression.
Getting off the treadmill (2008)

Using a mobile device while moving limits attention and motor ability and can result in reduced performance. Mobile devices that can sense and adapt to contextual factors such as movement may reduce this performance deficit. We performed two studies evaluating the feasibility of walking user interfaces (WUIs) that adapt their layout when the user is moving. In a pilot study with 6 users, we evaluated the effects of different button sizes on performance when walking while using a portable music player. Results showed significant interactions between size and movement. In the second study, 29 users evaluated the performance of a WUI that dynamically changed button sizes as the user moved. Results show that our dynamic user interface performs at the level of its component static interfaces without any additional penalty due to adaptation. This work adds to our design knowledge about walking user interfaces and provides lessons learned in evaluating mobile devices while walking in public spaces.
Persistent Infection byHelicobacter pyloriDown‐Modulates Virus‐Specific CD8+Cytotoxic T Cell Response and Prolongs Viral Infection (1998)

To determine whether Helicobacter pylori infection affects clearance of a concomitant viral infection and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and cytokine response to that infection, H. pylori-infected BALB/c mice were challenged with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160. Two H. pylori strains, a colonizing clinical isolate (KS612) and an established standard noncolonizing strain (NCTC11637), were compared. Clearance of recombinant vaccinia virus was reduced in KS612-infected mice compared with NCTC11637-infected and control mice. As a potential mechanism, in contrast to control or NCTC11637-infected mice, the H. pylori clinical isolate KS612 diminished gp160-specific and vaccinia virus-specific CTL activity, even in the presence of exogenous interleukin-2. Furthermore, KS612-infected mice had reduced Th1 cytokine responses to gp120 in vitro compared with control or NCTC11637-infected mice. These results have implications for possible effects of prevalent H. pylori infection on other human diseases.
Flash-Induced High-Throughput Porous Graphene via Synergistic Photo-Effects for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding (2023)

Porous 2D materials with high conductivity and large surface area have been proposed for potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials in future mobility and wearable applications to prevent signal noise, transmission inaccuracy, system malfunction, and health hazards. Here, we report on the synthesis of lightweight and flexible flash-induced porous graphene (FPG) with excellent EMI shielding performance. The broad spectrum of pulsed flashlight induces photo-chemical and photo-thermal reactions in polyimide films, forming 5 × 10 cm<sup>2</sup>-size porous graphene with a hollow pillar structure in a few milliseconds. The resulting material demonstrated low density (0.0354 g cm<sup>-3</sup>) and outstanding absolute EMI shielding effectiveness of 1.12 × 10<sup>5</sup> dB cm<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>. The FPG was characterized via thorough material analyses, and its mechanical durability and flexibility were confirmed by a bending cycle test. Finally, the FPG was utilized in drone and wearable applications, showing effective EMI shielding performance for internal/external EMI in a drone radar system and reducing the specific absorption rate in the human body.
Perhalogenated Tetraazaperopyrenes and Their Corresponding Mono- and Dianions (2020)

Chlorination and bromination of 2,9-perfluoropropyl-substituted tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) under forcing conditions resulted in fully core-halogenated TAPP derivatives, devoid of hydrogen atoms at the polycyclic aromatic core. The octahalogenation stabilized the reduced mono- and dianionic compounds sufficiently to allow for their characterization. The additional ortho-chlorination led to an improvement of the electron mobility compared to the bay-substituted tetrachloro-TAPP when employed as an n-channel semiconductor in thin-film transistors.
Observations of Massive Star‐Forming Regions with Water Masers: Mid‐Infrared Imaging (2005)

We present here a mid-infrared imaging survey of 26 sites of water maser emission. Observations were obtained at the InfraRed Telescope Facility 3-m telescope with the University of Florida mid-infrared imager/spectrometer OSCIR, and the JPL mid-infrared camera MIRLIN. The main purpose of the survey was to explore the relationship between water masers and the massive star formation process. It is generally believed that water masers predominantly trace outflows and embedded massive stellar objects, but may also exist in circumstellar disks around young stars. We investigate each of these possibilities in light of our mid-infrared imaging. We find that mid-infrared emission seems to be more closely associated with water and OH maser emission than cm radio continuum emission from UC HII regions. We also find from the sample of sources in our survey that, like groups of methanol masers, both water and OH masers have a proclivity for grouping into linear or elongated distributions. We conclude that the vast majority of linearly distributed masers are not tracing circumstellar disks, but outflows and shocks instead.
Bioimpedancespectroscopy Detecting Overhydrationis Associated with Systolic Blood Pressure in Asian Chronic Kidney Disease Patients (2015)

Introduction: Bioimpedance spectroscopy measures overhydration (OH), which is used to manage hypertension in non-Asian dialysis patients. OH is calculated from equations derived from populations including chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on dialysis. It is unclear if this applies to managing hypertension in Asian patients. Objective: We examined the cross-sectional association of OH with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures in a population of Asianpredialysis CKD and dialysis patients. Methods: We prospectively recruited 352 patients (59.4% male, Chinese 65.3%, mean age 61.8 ± 10.7 years, 46 on dialysis; 52%, 84.4%, and 25.9% with previously diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease, respectively). They underwent bioimpedance spectroscopy with the Fresenius Body Composition Monitor (BCM). Standard statistical tests and linear regression were used to correlate SBPand DBP (mmHg) with OH. Results: Overall, averageSBP was 140 ± 22, DBP was 74 ± 11, and median OH was 1.0L (IQR: 0.2–2.0). Non-dialysis CKD patients had mean SBP of 139 ± 20, DBP74 ± 11, and median OH of 1.0L (IQR: 0.1–1.9). By linear regression, SBP was associated with OH, SBP = 137.8 + 1.39 × OH (p = 0.0496); but DBP was not associated with OH. Patients on dialysis had mean SBP of 146 ± 30, DBP 76 ± 13, and median OH of 1.6L (IQR: 0.35–2.6). By linear regression, SBP was associated with OH, SBP = 130.3 + 8.8 × OH (p < 0.001); but DBP was not associated with OH. Conclusions: The Fresenius BCM overhydration indicator is associated with SBP in Asian predialysis CKD and dialysis patients, and may be useful in guiding antihypertensive therapy in Asians.
Low molecular weight (LMW) orally bioavailable inhibitors of tumor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) translation delay tumor growth in vivo: A new approach to inhibition of angiogenesis (2004)

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Spectral efficiency evaluation of generalized selection combiners (GSC) over slow fading with estimation errors (2009)

In this paper we derive closed-form expressions for the single-user capacity of generalized selection combiners (GSC) system, taking into account the effect of imperfect channel estimation at the receiver. The channel considered is a slowly varying spatially independent flat Rayleigh fading channel. The complex channel estimate and the actual channel are modelled as jointly Gaussian random variables with a correlation that depends on the estimation quality. Two adaptive transmission schemes are analyzed: 1) optimal power and rate adaptation; and 2) constant power with optimal rate adaptation, including derivation of an upper bound and asymptotically tight approximations at high and low SNR regions. Our numerical results show the effect of Gaussian channel estimation error on the achievable spectral efficiency.
Data-Aided vs. Blind Single-Carrier Coherent Receivers (2010)

Blind and data-aided single-carrier receivers are discussed for high-speed optical coherent receivers. Equalization concepts are presented and evaluated regarding the implementation complexity and overhead for time-domain and frequency-domain equalization techniques.
Investigating the use of anaerobically stored carbon in post‐anoxic denitrification (2022)

Significant methanol savings are hypothesized to result from anaerobic storage of internal carbon that is used for post-anoxic denitrification. An investigation into this internal carbon-driven denitrification was performed via a series of batch tests using biomass from Hampton Roads Sanitation District's (HRSD's) water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs): the Virginia Initiative Plant (VIP), Nansemond Plant (NP), and Army Base (AB) Treatment Plant. Internal carbon specific denitrification rates (SDNRs) increased during winter, by as much as 1 mg N/g MLVSS/h for VIP. Increasing the aeration time by 2-4 h lowered the SDNR by an average of 0.21-0.35 mg N/g MLVSS/h. No internal carbon denitrification was observed for biomass from non-nitrifying/denitrifying, biological phosphorus removal (bio-P) WRRFs. The increase in internal carbon SDNRs when the anaerobic acetate dose increased from 20 to 100 mg COD/L ranged from 0.06 to 0.28 mg N/g MLVSS/h. Higher phosphorus uptake rates were found to correlate to higher internal carbon SDNRs, but no significant post-anoxic P uptake was observed. The first steps are taken towards developing a strategy for full-scale implementation of this relatively novel type of denitrification by evaluating how some factors affect its occurrence. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Significant methanol savings at a full-scale facility may result from use of internally stored carbon for post-anoxic denitrification. Short aerobic HRTs and high anaerobic zone VFA loading increase the post-anoxic internal carbon-driven denitrification. Non-nitrifying, bio-P biomass is not capable of internal carbon-driven denitrification. Internal carbon-driven denitrification is correlated with the activity of polyphosphate accumulating organisms.
Radiation testing of liquid crystal optical devices for space laser communication (2009)

Liquid crystal optical phased arrays are an enabling technology for a variety of photonic and electronic beam manipulation functions, including steering, control of polarization, and amplitude and phase modulation. For applications in the emerging field of space laser communications, such devices would need to survive in the space environment for 10 to 15 years. To assess suitability and identify potential issues, a series of experiments were conducted in which nematic liquid crystal devices were subjected to three radiation environments: total dose (gamma), prompt dose (x rays), and fast neutrons. Tests were conducted using simple phase retarder devices, which served as surrogates for beamsteering devices. Impacts to optical and electrical characteristics of the devices at 1.55 µm were measured after incremental exposure trials. Modest effects were observed, but none were deemed significant enough to impact performance of the devices for space communication beamsteering applications.
Search for heavy Majorana or Dirac neutrinos and right-handed W gauge bosons in final states with two charged leptons and two jets at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2019)

A bstract A search for heavy right-handed Majorana or Dirac neutrinos N R and heavy right-handed gauge bosons W R is performed in events with a pair of energetic electrons or muons, with the same or opposite electric charge, and two energetic jets. The events are selected from pp collision data with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 collected by the ATLAS detector at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV. No significant deviations from the Standard Model are observed. The results are interpreted within the theoretical framework of a left-right symmetric model and lower limits are set on masses in the heavy right-handed W boson and neutrino mass plane. The excluded region extends to $$ {m}_{R_R}=4.7 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.7</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV for both Majorana and Dirac N R neutrinos.
Radiation stability of SiC and diamond membranes as potential x-ray lithography mask carriers (1990)

In this paper we report on the radiation stability of silicon carbide and diamond membranes as potential x-ray lithography mask carriers. Silicon carbide membranes have been produced by epitaxial chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Diamond membranes have been produced in tension with diameters up to 2.5 cm using a microwave plasma CVD process. The stability of these membranes upon exposure to x rays has been studied. The materials were characterized before and after irradiation for their stress, Young’s modulus, infrared absorption from 2.5 to 25 μm, and visible transmission from 300 to 800 nm. The x-ray exposures were performed using the Center for X-ray Lithography beamlines at the Aladdin synchrotron at the University of Wisconsin. These beamlines provide a broadband x-ray spectrum from 900 to 5000 eV. Incident doses of 6700 and 2400 J/cm2 were delivered to the silicon carbide and diamond samples, respectively. Both materials were found to be stable for these exposure levels within the accuracy of the experimental methods.
Recent advances in antiangiogenesis strategies (2005)

Tremendous advancement in basic science in the field of angiogenesis has provided several novel targets and strategies, although there is a large gap between experimental and clinical data. This gap might be minimized through the selection of clinically relevant surrogate biomarkers or biomarkers that correlate with clinical outcome. Additionally, in the design of clinical trials, hard endpoints (such as mortality, quality of life and cost-effectiveness of the antiangiogenesis strategy), as well as surrogate biomarkers and noninvasive imaging of tumors and their microvascular environment, should be used. Adjunctive therapies that maximize the efficacy and minimize the complications associated with cancer and its current standard therapy should also be employed.
Signalling Inhibitors Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis – Early Days of a New Therapeutic Concept in Tuberculosis (2008)

Tuberculosis causes nearly two million deaths per year world-wide. In addition multidrug-resistant mycobacterial strains rapidly emerge so novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Recently, several promising mycobacterial target molecules were identified, which are involved in bacterial or host cell signalling e.g. the serine/threonine protein kinases, PknB and PknG, NAD kinase and the NAD synthetase. Here we describe some early efforts in the development of novel signal transduction inhibitory anti-mycobacterial drugs using a multiple target approach, with special emphasis on the kinase inhibitory field. Initially, we are using the Nested Chemical Library (NCL) technology and pharmacophore modelling. A hit-finding library, consisting of approximately 19000 small molecules with a bias for prototypic kinase inhibitors from our NCL library and commercial sources was virtually screened against these validated target molecules. Protein structures for the virtual screening were taken from the published three dimensional crystal structures of the enzymes. The hits from the virtual screening were subsequently tested in enzymatic assay systems. Potent hits were then tested for biological activity in macrophages, infected with mycobacteria. The final goal of this exercise is not only to identify potent anti-mycobacterial substances, but also a common pharmacophore for the mycobacterial target PknG in combination with PknB, NAD kinase and/or NAD synthetase. This common pharmacophore still needs to be a unique pharmacophore for the mycobacterial target proteins over human off-targets. Such a pharmacophore might then drive the optimization of a completely new profile of an antibiotic agent with activity against latent mycobacteria and resistance mycobacterial strains.