gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Microsystems for Downhole Applications: Design Challenges, Current State, and Initial Test Results (2017)

This paper describes two platforms for autonomous sensing microsystems that are intended for deployment in chemically corrosive environments at elevated temperatures and pressures. Following the deployment period, the microsystems are retrieved, recharged, and interrogated wirelessly at close proximity. The first platform is the Michigan Micro Mote for High Temperature (M³HT), a chip stack 2.9 × 1.1 × 1.5 mm³ in size. It uses RF communications to support pre-deployment and post-retrieval functions, and it uses customized electronics to achieve ultralow power consumption, permitting the use of a chip-scale battery. The second platform is the Environmental Logging Microsystem (ELM). This system, which is 6.5 × 6.3 × 4.5 mm³ in size, uses the smallest suitable off-the-shelf electronic and battery components that are compatible with assembly on a flexible printed circuit board. Data are stored in non-volatile memory, permitting retrieval even after total power loss. Pre-deployment and post-retrieval functions are supported by optical communication. Two types of encapsulation methods are used to withstand high pressure and corrosive environments: an epoxy filled volume is used for the M³HT, and a hollow stainless-steel shell with a sapphire lid is used for both the M³HT and ELM. The encapsulated systems were successfully tested at temperature and pressure reaching 150 °C and 10,000 psi, in environments of concentrated brine, oil, and cement slurry. At elevated temperatures, the limited lifetimes of available batteries constrain the active deployment period to several hours.
EVALUATION OF WORK ZONE BARRICADES (1997)

Safety of work zones is a major area of concern since it is not always possible to maintain a level of safety comparable to that of a normal highway not under construction. Proper traffic control is critical to the safety of work zones. However, traffic control devices themselves may pose a safety hazard when impacted by errant vehicles. Little is known about the impact performance of many work zone traffic control devices. The objective of the study was to design, evaluate, and test additional work zone sign supports and barricades that would perform satisfactorily when impacted by errant vehicles. Researchers conducted a total of 12 crash tests on various work zone traffic control devices, including Type III barricades, Type I barricade, portable sign support, ground-mounted Type III barricade, skid-mounted sign support, and three vertical panel supports. Results of the crash tests are presented in this report together with conclusions and recommendations.
Investigation of a novel approach to scoring Giemsa-stained malaria-infected thin blood films (2008)

Daily assessment of the percentage of erythrocytes that are infected ('percent-parasitaemia') across a time-course is a necessary step in many experimental studies of malaria, but represents a time-consuming and unpopular task among researchers. The most common method is extensive microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin blood-films. This study explored a method for the assessment of percent-parasitaemia that does not require extended periods of microscopy and results in a descriptive and permanent record of parasitaemia data that is highly amenable to subsequent 'data-mining'. Digital photography was utilized in conjunction with a basic purpose-written computer programme to test the viability of the concept. Partial automation of the determination of percent parasitaemia was then explored, resulting in the successful customization of commercially available broad-spectrum image analysis software towards this aim. Lastly, automated discrimination between infected and uninfected RBCs based on analysis of digital parameters of individual cell images was explored in an effort to completely automate the calculation of an accurate percent-parasitaemia.
High‐Density Carrier Accumulation in ZnO Field‐Effect Transistors Gated by Electric Double Layers of Ionic Liquids (2009)

Abstract Very recently, electric‐field‐induced superconductivity in an insulator was realized by tuning charge carrier to a high density level (1 × 10 14 cm −2 ). To increase the maximum attainable carrier density for electrostatic tuning of electronic states in semiconductor field‐effect transistors is a hot issue but a big challenge. Here, ultrahigh density carrier accumulation is reported, in particular at low temperature, in a ZnO field‐effect transistor gated by electric double layers of ionic liquid (IL). This transistor, called an electric double layer transistor (EDLT), is found to exhibit very high transconductance and an ultrahigh carrier density in a fast, reversible, and reproducible manner. The room temperature capacitance of EDLTs is found to be as large as 34 µF cm −2 , deduced from Hall‐effect measurements, and is mainly responsible for the carrier density modulation in a very wide range. Importantly, the IL dielectric, with a supercooling property, is found to have charge‐accumulation capability even at low temperatures, reaching an ultrahigh carrier density of 8×10 14 cm −2 at 220 K and maintaining a density of 5.5×10 14 cm −2 at 1.8 K. This high carrier density of EDLTs is of great importance not only in practical device applications but also in fundamental research; for example, in the search for novel electronic phenomena, such as superconductivity, in oxide systems.
Role of Mixed Oxides in Hydrogen Production through the Dry Reforming of Methane over Nickel Catalysts Supported on Modified γ-Al2O3 (2021)

H2 production through dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a hot topic amidst growing environmental and atom-economy concerns. Loading Ni-based reducible mixed oxide systems onto a thermally stable support is a reliable approach for obtaining catalysts of good dispersion and high stability. Herein, NiO was dispersed over MOx-modified-γ-Al2O3 (M = Ti, Mo, Si, or W; x = 2 or 3) through incipient wetness impregnation followed by calcination. The obtained catalyst systems were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet–visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction. The mentioned synthetic procedure afforded the proper nucleation of different NiO-containing mixed oxides and/or interacting-NiO species. With different modifiers, the interaction of NiO with the γ-Al2O3 support was found to change, the Ni2+ environment was reformed exclusively, and the tendency of NiO species to undergo reduction was modified greatly. Catalyst systems 5Ni3MAl (M = Si, W) comprised a variety of species, whereby NiO interacted with the modifier and the support (e.g., NiSiO3, NiAl2O4, and NiWO3). These two catalyst systems displayed equal efficiency, &gt;70% H2 yield at 800 °C, and were thermally stable for up to 420 min on stream. 5Ni3SiAl catalyst regained nearly all its activity during regeneration for up to two cycles.
Physics based modeling of bimodal electromigration failure distributions and variation analysis for VLSI interconnects (2020)

Electromigration (EM) is a major reliability concern for interconnects in advanced technology nodes. Most of the existing EM models are either empirical or calibrated based on finite element analysis. Most of them consider only EM failures in the line without considering the via. Furthermore, the existing EM models do not model variations in the EM induced failure times, as typically observed in measurements. In this work, we develop a variation-aware EM analysis framework to model the bimodal failure distribution with early failures in via along with late failures in line. This EM model can be used for material and dimension exploration while being able to model and predict the variations in the bimodal EM failure distribution at various operating conditions.
The Prepared and Electrochemical Property of Mg Doped LiMnPO4Nanoplates as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

The Mg-doped LiMnPO4 nanoplates with orthorhombic olivine structure were prepared by a simple solvothermal method. The effects of the Mg dopant on the structure and electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4 are investigated. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that Mg doping does not change the crystal structure of LiMnPO4. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and selected area electron diffraction patterns show that, like the LiMnPO4 nanoplates, the crystallographic facet of the LiMn0.95Mg0.05PO4 nanoplates is the (100) plane, which places the 1D Li+ conduction path, the b axis, in the platelets. Chemical delithiation shows that the volume mismatch across the LiMnPO4/MnPO4 two-phase interface is reduced by Mg doping, and TEM images show that the interface intersects the b axis, thereby controlling the rate and extent of Li+ insertion by the mobility of the interface. Reduction of the mismatch across the interface increases its mobility and therefore the electrochemical performance of the olivine as a cathode material.
Rare solid and cystic presentation of hemangiopericytoma/ solitary fibrous tumor: A case report (2022)

Hemangiopericytoma/Solitary Fibrous Tumor (HPC/SFT) is a rare fibroblastic sarcoma characterized by hyper-vasculature and STAT6 trans-nuclear localization. Cystic HPC/SFT is extremely rare. Due to the scarcity of cystic HPC/SFT cases, diagnostic and treatment guidelines are not well established. To our knowledge, we present the first case of cystic HPC/SFT observed in the liver. In addition, the patient had over 6 years of recurrent hypervascular solid HPC/SFT in the brain, bone, leptomeninges, liver and lung prior to developing a cystic HPC/SFT. Briefly, a 37-year-old Caucasian female with a history of HPC/SFT presented with several enlarging cystic hepatic lesions on surveillance MRI. The cystic/nonenhancing nature of these liver metastases were confirmed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Due to diagnostic uncertainty, two of these hepatic cysts were removed laparoscopically and pathology confirmed cystic HPC/SFT with a high MIB-1 index. Previously, in 2014, the patient was diagnosed with solid intracranial grade III pseudopapillary mesenchymal HPC/SFT in the posterior fossa and underwent subtotal resection followed by external beam radiation. In 2017, she had recurrent intracranial, vertebral, and intraspinal intradural extramedullary HPC/SFTs followed by surgery, proton therapy, and SRS radiotherapy. In 2019, after an uneventful pregnancy and birth, routine surveillance revealed metastases in the liver requiring an extended right hepatectomy. In 2020-2021 two solid hypervascular hepatic HPC/SFT were found and treated with microwave ablation. Shortly afterwards, several rapidly growing hepatic cystic HPC/SFT lesions developed. Of note, she has not taken any systemic therapy, indicating the cystic tumors are from metastases rather than cystic degradation as a sequela of therapy. Overall, this case highlights that cystic metastasis are a potential clinical manifestation of solid HPC/SFT. Moreover, cystic HPC/SFT can co-exist with the more typical primary solid hypervascular HPC/SFTs in the same patient. Lastly, in this case cystic HPC/SFT had a higher growth rate and propensity to metastasize as compared to the solid equivalent.
Imaging Novel Ruthenium bipyridine-based Nanophotoswitches in Retina (2015)

Nanophotoswitches (NPSs) offer a new tool for optical&#13;\nstimulation of neuronal activity, in vitro and also potentially in vivo. Our group previously reported a ruthenium bipyridine (Rubpy)-based NPS that inserts into the plasma membrane and upon visible illumination generates an electrical dipole, triggering action potentials in adrenal chromaffin cells. We have recently demonstrated&#13;\nthat after intravitreal injection of this NPS into the eyes of blind rats, illumination of the eye elicited electrical activity in the contralateral superior colliculus. To better understand the site of action of the NPS in retina, we examined the distribution of the molecules in different&#13;\nretinal layers after intravitreal injection.&#13;\n&#13;\nMethods: Rubpy molecules can be visualized by their luminescence (610 nm) upon visible wavelength illumination (460 nm). To resolve the luminescence from different retinal layers, a rapid-scan twophoton imaging system (LaVison) was used (Ti:Sapphire laser tuned to 900 nm). Intravitreal injection (1 mM, 4 μL Rubpy-based NPSs&#13;\nin BSS), followed by eye removal and retina isolation 2-5 hrs after, was performed on young RCS rats. Luminescence images of the wholemount retina were captured by an EM-CCD camera (Andor). &#13;\n&#13;\nResults: At 2 hrs after intravitreal injection and with continuous superfusion of Ames medium, luminescence was confined near the injection site. Luminescence was observed localized to surface membranes of axons and somata of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), demonstrating the impermeability of the cell membrane to the NPS molecules. The outer retina did not show significant luminescence.&#13;\nAfter 3 additional hours, luminescence was more diffused within the RGC layer and still did not extend to the outer retina. &#13;\n&#13;\nConclusions: This study shows marked staining of RGC layer by intravitreally injected Rubpy-based NPS molecules, consistent with the hypothesis that the photoactivated NPS molecules induce electrical activity in the superior colliculus by acting on the RGCs that deliver electrical signals to the visual pathway outside the eyes. Distinct from other nano-scale optical cellular modulating approaches using optogenetics or azobenzene-based photoswitches, the NPS approach obviates the need for gene manipulation or toxic UV illumination, highlighting its potential in generating high-acuity prosthetic vision in patients blinded by retinal degenerative diseases.
Loop transformation methodology for fixed-rate video, image and telecom processing applications (2002)

Many real-time signal processing applications are dominated by iterative loop constructs which exhibit a large amount of parallelism. In general, a realisation matched to the required rate of these applications exploits only a relatively small part of the parallelism available in the algorithm. This paper addresses the important problem of selecting the appropriate algorithmic-level decisions, in particular loop manipulations and the like, to arrive at an area-optimized specification for use in register-transfer level synthesis tools. One of the crucial cost factors in this optimisation is memory storage related. An effective model and methodology are proposed to derive an optimized architecture with fully matched throughput, while avoiding a full traversal of the large search space. The effectiveness of our approach is substantiated with several realistic test cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A phase 1, first-in-human, open label, dose escalation study of MGD007, a humanized gpA33 x CD3 DART molecule, in patients with relapsed/refractory metastatic colorectal carcinoma. (2016)

TPS3628 Background: Colorectal (CRC) cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S. and the second most common cause of cancer related deaths. Recent advances in immunotherapy for multiple malignancies benefit only a specific minority of patients with colorectal cancer but serve as proof of principle. The Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting, or DART, technology, is a proprietary antibody-based platform that has been designed to engage multiple targets with a single molecule. MGD007 is a novel gpA33 x CD3 DART protein that targets gpA33-positive cells for recognition and elimination by co-engagement of CD3-expressing T lymphocytes. Glycoprotein A33 (gpA33) is a 43 kDa membrane-bound glycoprotein normally restricted to the surface of normal human colon and small bowel epithelial cells. In addition, the gpA33 antigen is homogeneously expressed at high levels in > 95% of primary and metastatic human CRC. MGD007 mediates redirected T cell killing of gpA33-expressing CRC cell lines in vitro and blocks transplantable CRC cell line xenografts in preclinical tumor models. These observations suggest that gpA33 that could be an attractive target for the immunotherapy of CRC. This study represents the first clinical evaluation of DARTmolecules in patients with solid tumors. Methods: The Phase I dose-escalation two-arm study of MGD007 will enroll patients with metastatic relapsed/refractory CRC. The study will employ a 3+3+3 design to explore the safety, PK, immuno-regulatory activity and preliminary anti-tumor activity of MGD007. Patients will receive either weekly infusions of MGD007 (Arm A) or every three-week infusions (Arm B) in 6-week cycling until confirmed disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Two dose expansion cohorts will be initiated once dose and schedule are established from dose escalation. Response will be assessed every 6 weeks per RECIST v1.1 and immune RECIST to account for response patterns observed with immunotherapies. The study is ongoing in the U.S. Clinical trial information: NCT02248805.
In situ inhibition of tyrosine protein kinase by erbstatin. (1987)

Erbstatin inhibited the kinase activity of the receptor for epidermal growth factor in cultured A431 cells, while it did not alter turnover of the receptor protein. It also inhibited autophosphorylation of the src gene product p60src in Rous sarcoma virus-infected normal rat kidney cells. Erbstatin did not inhibit the binding of epidermal growth factor to its receptor but did inhibit internalization of epidermal growth factor-receptor complexes. It did not inhibit the epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover in A431 cells. Thus, erbstatin inhibited two oncogene product-related tyrosine protein kinases in situ and thus is a useful tool to study the role of tyrosine protein kinase.
Aperiodic Antenna Array for Secondary Lobe Suppression (2015)

We propose an aperiodic antenna array to suppress secondary radiation lobes in widely spaced arrays. We show that the use of Fermatn's spiral as a template for the antenna array leads to similar results in terms of sidelobe level and bandwidth as those obtained by computationally expensive non-linear optimization methods. Furthermore, by maintaining the distances between neighbors approximately constant, the increase in array footprint is kept approximately within 25% of an equivalent periodic array, a key feature for space-constrained applications. Based on the straightforward computation of our method, we are able to present the results for arrays varying from 4 to 2048 elements and minimal spacing between the antennas up to ten wavelengths.
The Tyrosine Kinase Src Regulates Adhesion and Survival in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Tyrosine phosphorylation is a central event in the regulation of a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and survival. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with limited options of therapy and characterized by widespread involvement of the bone marrow. We sought to determine whether the protein tyrosine kinase Src regulates adhesion and survival in WM. METHODS: The WM cell lines BCWM1, WM-WSU, and IgM secreting lymphoma cells lines MEC-1 and RL were used in these studies. Primary CD19+ WM cells were obtained from the bone marrow of patients after informed consent. AstraZeneca Biopharmaceuticals (London, England) provided the Src inhibitor AZD0503 (AZD). Cytotoxicity and DNA synthesis were measured using MTT assay and [3H]-thymidine uptake, respectively. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry with Apo 2.7 staining. Western blotting was performed to determine downstream signaling pathways. Migration was performed using the transwell migration assay. RESULTS: We demonstrated that pSrc is overexpressed in WM cells compared to control B cells. Similarly, phospho-Src protein expression was upregulated in WM cell lines, specifically BCWM.1 but not in WM-WSU. We then showed that pSrc regulates migration and adhesion in response to the chemokine SDF-1, as well as in vivo homing using in vivo flow cytometry. The use of the specific Src inhibitor AZD0530 led to significant inhibition of adhesion and migration in cell lines with pSrc activation, but not in those deficient of Src activation. Similarly, inhibition of Src activity led to significant inhibition of proliferation and survival through inhibition of STAT3, Akt, and ERK/MAPK pathways. The monoclonal antibody rituximab signals through Src kinase, and the combination of AZD0530 and rituximab was synergistic in vitro. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these studies delineate the role of Src kinase activity in WM and provide the framework for future clinical trials using Src inhibitors in combination with rituximab to improve the outcome of patients with WM.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the KCNA5 locus (1993)

Journal Article Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the KCNA5 locus Get access T. Phromchotikul, T. Phromchotikul Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.L. Browne, D.L. Browne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.E. Curran, M.E. Curran 1Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201 and 1University of Utah Health Sciences CenterSalt Lake City, UT 84112, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.T. Keating, M.T. Keating 1Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201 and 1University of Utah Health Sciences CenterSalt Lake City, UT 84112, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Litt M. Litt * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 1993, Page 1512, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.9.1512-a Published: 01 September 1993
Multiheterodyne Detection for Spectral Compression and Downconversion of Arbitrary Periodic Optical Signals (2011)

Optical frequency combs are used as local oscillators for the measurement and analysis of unknown optical waveforms with periodic time domain structures. Experimental results obtained by heterodyning pulsed and phase-modulated laser sources are presented. The analysis is then extended to the heterodyning and sampling of bandlimited incoherent light sources. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the correlations between photodetected white light at different times can generate RF interference that is sensitive to the optical phase.
Expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in the developing liver of a mouse embryo (2000)

The activity of hematopoietic stem cells in the developing liver of a C57BL/6 mouse embryo was quantified by a competitive repopulation assay. Different doses of fetal liver cells at days 11 to 18 of gestation were transplanted into irradiated mice together with 2 x 10(5) adult bone marrow cells. A long-term repopulation in myeloid-, B-cell, and T-cell lineage by fetal liver cells was evaluated at 20 weeks after transplantation. At day 12 of gestation multilineage repopulating activity was first detected in the liver as 50 repopulating units (RU) per liver. The number of RU per liver increased 10-fold and 33-fold by day 14 and day 16 of gestation, and decreased thereafter, suggesting a single wave of stem cell development in the fetal liver. A limiting dilution analysis revealed that the frequency of competitive repopulating units (CRU) in fetal liver cells at day 12 of gestation was similar to that at day 16 of gestation. Because of an increase of total fetal liver cell number, the absolute number of CRU per liver from days 12 to 16 of gestation increased 38-fold. Hence, the mean activity of stem cells (MAS) that is given by RU per CRU remained constant from days 12 to 16 of gestation. From these data we conclude that hematopoietic stem cells expand in the fetal liver maintaining their level of repopulating potential.