gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Silicon Ring Resonators Using Low-Loss Bends (2021)

The performances of enhanced micro-ring resonators on a silicon on insulator platform are reported. The ring resonators are composed using four low-loss advanced bends with 1μm-straight waveguides between the bends. The losses of advanced bends are nearly ten and fifteen times lower than those of normal bends when radii of bends are 2 and 3μm, respectively. The effective radii (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ) of the racetrack-rings are 2.5 and 3.5μm using advanced bends with 2 and 3μm-radii, respectively. The quality factor( Q) of 7800, finesse (F) of 175, free spectral range (FSR) of 35nm, and extinction ratio (ER) of >11dB have been measured from the racetrack ring resonator with R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of 2.5μm. From the racetrack ring resonator with Reff of 3.5μm, we obtained the Q of 19000, the of 287, the FSR of 23nm, and the ER of >10dB at C-bands.
Serine Hydrolase Inhibitors Block Necrotic Cell Death by Preventing Calcium Overload of the Mitochondria and Permeability Transition Pore Formation (2013)

Perturbation of calcium signaling that occurs during cell injury and disease, promotes cell death. In mouse lung fibroblasts A23187 triggered mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and necrotic cell death that were blocked by cyclosporin A (CsA) and EGTA. LDH release temporally correlated with arachidonic acid release but did not involve cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) or calcium-independent PLA2. Surprisingly, release of arachidonic acid and LDH from cPLA2α-deficient fibroblasts was inhibited by the cPLA2α inhibitor pyrrophenone, and another serine hydrolase inhibitor KT195, by preventing mitochondrial calcium uptake. Inhibitors of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, a mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) regulator, also prevented MPTP formation and arachidonic acid release induced by A23187 and H2O2. Pyrrophenone blocked MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium uptake in permeabilized fibroblasts but not in isolated mitochondria. Unlike pyrrophenone, the diacylglycerol analog 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol and CsA blocked cell death and arachidonic acid release not by preventing mitochondrial calcium uptake but by inhibiting MPTP formation. In fibroblasts stimulated with thapsigargin, which induces MPTP formation by a direct effect on mitochondria, LDH and arachidonic acid release were blocked by CsA and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol but not by pyrrophenone or EGTA. Therefore serine hydrolase inhibitors prevent necrotic cell death by blocking mitochondrial calcium uptake but not the enzyme releasing fatty acids that occurs by a novel pathway during MPTP formation. This work reveals the potential for development of small molecule cell-permeable serine hydrolase inhibitors that block MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium overload, MPTP formation, and necrotic cell death.
Large Animal Models for Vaccine Development and Testing (2015)

The development of human vaccines continues to rely on the use of animals for research. Regulatory authorities require novel vaccine candidates to undergo preclinical assessment in animal models before being permitted to enter the clinical phase in human subjects. Substantial progress has been made in recent years in reducing and replacing the number of animals used for preclinical vaccine research through the use of bioinformatics and computational biology to design new vaccine candidates. However, the ultimate goal of a new vaccine is to instruct the immune system to elicit an effective immune response against the pathogen of interest, and no alternatives to live animal use currently exist for evaluation of this response. Studies identifying the mechanisms of immune protection; determining the optimal route and formulation of vaccines; establishing the duration and onset of immunity, as well as the safety and efficacy of new vaccines, must be performed in a living system. Importantly, no single animal model provides all the information required for advancing a new vaccine through the preclinical stage, and research over the last two decades has highlighted that large animals more accurately predict vaccine outcome in humans than do other models. Here we review the advantages and disadvantages of large animal models for human vaccine development and demonstrate that much of the success in bringing a new vaccine to market depends on choosing the most appropriate animal model for preclinical testing.
Effects of disrupting the polyketide synthase gene WdPKS1 in Wangiella [Exophiala] dermatitidis on melanin production and resistance to killing by antifungal compounds, enzymatic degradation, and extremes in temperature (2006)

In summary, W. dermatitidis makes WdPKS-dependent and -independent melanins, and the WdPKS1-dependent deposition of melanin in the cell wall confers protection against antifungal agents and environmental stresses. The biological role of the WdPKS-independent melanin remains unclear.
19-kW Phase-locked MOPA Laser Array (2006)

We have developed a scalable architecture of phase-locked Nd:YAG master oscillator power amplifiers. In cw operation a 2×1 array emitted 19.0 kW with 30% optical efficiency and average beam quality of 1.73 × diffraction-limited.
Efficient FGS to single layer transcoding (2003)

This paper presents a novel architecture for the transcoding of FGS (fine granularity scalability) coded video to a single-layer format. Results indicate that the proposed architecture has almost the same performance as the cascaded transcoding method, but with much lower complexity.
Practical estimation techniques of traffic specification for VBR video services (2003)

Traffic specification plays a crucial role in resource reservation for multimedia services over packet networks. The current development of QoS-guaranteed services still leaves a wide room for the selection of traffic specification. In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate the traffic specification of deterministic service. Usually, the estimation of traffic specification is independent of the QoS requirements, e.g. the delay bound. The proposed method is based on the point-of-view of the call admission control that takes the delay bound requirement into the estimation process. The solution is efficient in the sense that the resulting traffic specification is simple while still providing the excellent network utilization. Additionally, traffic smoothing is now a popular technique used to flatten the bursty video traffic, so reducing the potential congestion in the networks. We consider the traffic specification of video traffic in two cases: with traffic smoothing and without traffic smoothing. Initial experiments show that traffic smoothing does not result in significant changes in values of traffic specification. This highlights the importance of global burstiness of video traffic to the traffic parameters. The results of this research can be directly applied to some existing applications such as the integrated services of ATM and IETF.
Cospeciation of gut microbiota with hominids (2016)

The evolutionary origins of the bacterial lineages that populate the human gut are unknown. Here we show that multiple lineages of the predominant bacterial taxa in the gut arose via cospeciation with humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas over the past 15 million years. Analyses of strain-level bacterial diversity within hominid gut microbiomes revealed that clades of Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae have been maintained exclusively within host lineages across hundreds of thousands of host generations. Divergence times of these cospeciating gut bacteria are congruent with those of hominids, indicating that nuclear, mitochondrial, and gut bacterial genomes diversified in concert during hominid evolution. This study identifies human gut bacteria descended from ancient symbionts that speciated simultaneously with humans and the African apes.
DC &#x00026; transient circuit simulation methodologies for organic electronics (2009)

This work establishes a novel circuit simulation methodology for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). Because of a lack of well developed physical models for OTFTs and due to the limitations of conventional parameter extraction techniques, the approaches presented in this work come in handy for circuit designers. The first approach uses a look-up table (LUT) model, which is implemented in a general purpose public-domain circuit simulator SEQUEL (solver for circuit equations with user-defined elements). In the second approach, circuit simulation is performed using equivalent SPICE parameters, which are extracted using a global optimization technique namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A good match has been observed between LUT simulations and SPICE based circuit simulations for both DC and transient cases.
Battery Storage-Based Frequency Containment Reserves in Large Wind Penetrated Scenarios: A Practical Approach to Sizing (2018)

This paper focuses on the sizing of a battery energy storage system providing frequency containment reserves in a power system with a large wind power penetration level. A three-stage sizing methodology including the different aspect of battery energy storage system performance is proposed. The first stage includes time-domain simulations, investigating battery energy storage system dynamic response and its capability of providing frequency reserves. The second stage involves lifetime investigation. An economic assessment of the battery unit is carried out by performing the last stage. The main outcome of the proposed methodology is to choose the suitable battery energy storage system size for providing frequency containment reserve from augmented wind power plants while fulfilling relevant evaluation criteria imposed for each stage.
HD-Eye (2002)

Clustering of large data bases is an important research area with a large variety of applications in the data base context.Missing in most of the research efforts are means for guiding the clustering process and understanding the results, which is especially important for high dimensional data.Visualization technology may help to solve this problem since it provides effective support of different clustering paradigms and allows a visual inspection of the results.The HD-Eye (high-dim.eye) system shows that a tight integration of advanced clustering algorithms and state-of-the-art visualization techniques is powerful for a better understanding and effective guidance of the clustering process, and therefore can help to significantly improve the clustering results.
Controlled release from poly(phosphoester) matrices (1995)

A class of biodegradable polymers, poly (phosphoesters), was studied for its potential as a matrix for controlled drug delivery. The degradability of the phosphorus ester linkage and the versatility of phosphorus-containing polymers make poly (phosphoesters) attractive candidates for development as a degradable biomaterial. The release of various drugs in vitro from a series of bisphenol-A based poly (phosphoesters) was examined. Sustained release for up to several months was achieved for cortisone acetate and model drugp-nitroaniline. The mechanism of release was found to be a combination of diffusion, swelling and degradation. The structure of the sidechain influenced the release behavior in all instances.
Combinatorial chemistry and biology: an opportunity for engineers (1996)

Within the past two years, the burgeoning field of combinatorial chemistry and biology has witnessed major advances in both technologies and applications. New ideas have emerged, and continue to be sought, with regard to library design, construction, and analysis. The highly multi-disciplinary nature of the field, together with its need for a systems-based view of pertinent challenges and problems, makes it an ideal area for biochemical engineers.
<title>Unsupervised SAR image segmentation using recursive partitioning</title> (2000)

We present a new approach to SAR image segmentation based on a Poisson approximation to the SAR amplitude image. It has been established that SAR amplitude images are well approximated using Rayleigh distributions. We show that, with suitable modifications, we can model piecewise homogeneous regions (such as tanks, roads, scrub, etc.) within the SAR amplitude image using a Poisson model that bears a known relation to the underlying Rayleigh distribution. We use the Poisson model to generate an efficient tree-based segmentation algorithm guided by the minimum description length (MDL) criteria. We present a simple fixed tree approach, and a more flexible adaptive recursive partitioning scheme. The segmentation is unsupervised, requiring no prior training, and very simple, efficient, and effective for identifying possible regions of interest (targets). We present simulation results on MSTAR clutter data to demonstrate the performance obtained with this parsing technique.
Robustness of biomarker determination in breast cancer by RT-qPCR: impact of tumor cell content, DCIS and non-neoplastic breast tissue (2018)

Expression of ESR1, PGR, ERBB2 and MKI67 by MammaTyper® is robust in clinical FFPE samples. Assay performance was unaffected by adipose tissue and was stable in samples with as few as 20% tumor cell content and up to 60% DCIS.
Effect of hookworm infection and anthelmintic treatment on naturally acquired antibody responses against the GMZ2 malaria vaccine candidate and constituent antigens (2021)

Individuals with co-infection had higher antibody responses to GMZ2 antigen. Treatment of hookworm/malaria co-infection resulted in a reduction in antibody responses against GMZ2 and constituent antigens after albendazole treatment. Thus, hookworm infection and treatment could have a potential implication on malaria vaccine efficacy.
This Month in Investigative Urology (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyThis Month in Investigative Urology1 Dec 2004This Month in Investigative Urology Atala Anthony Atala AnthonyAtala Anthony More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000145299.31373.cdAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "This Month in Investigative Urology." The Journal of Urology, 172(6 Part 1), pp. 2123–2124 Section Editor© 2004FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 6 Part 1December 2004Page: 2123-2124 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004MetricsAuthor Information Atala Anthony More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
A conflict based SAW method for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (2009)

Evolutionary algorithms have employed the SAW (stepwise adaptation of weights) method in order to solve CSPs (constraint satisfaction problems). This method originated in hill-climbing algorithms used to solve instances of 3-SAT by adapting a weight for each clause. Originally, adaptation of weights for solving CSPs was done by assigning a weight for each variable or each constraint. Here we investigate a SAW method which assigns a weight for each conflict. Two simple stochastic CSP solvers are presented. For both we show that constraint based SAW and conflict based SAW perform equally on easy CSP samples, but the conflict based SAW outperforms the constraint based SAW when applied to hard CSPs. Moreover, the best of the two suggested algorithms in its conflict based SAW version performs better than the best known evolutionary algorithm for CSPs that uses weight adaptation, and even better than the best known evolutionary algorithm for CSPs in general.
Coordinated multi-point transmissions based on interference alignment and neutralization (2016)

Both interference alignment (IA) and interference neutralization (IN) are exploited for Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmissions. With the base station's cooperation, transmit precoder and receive filter are designed jointly, and then concurrent transmissions of multiple data streams are achieved. In the design of preprocessing, IN is applied to the interferences carrying same data so as to align the interfering signals with opposite directions in a subspace. On the other hand, for interferences carrying different information, IA is employed to align them with the same direction in a subspace, thus reducing the interference signal dimension observed at the user side. Based on different precoding schemes at the transmitter's side, receivers adopt zero-forcing (ZF) so as to recover the desired data. The proposed interference alignment and neutralization based CoMP (IAN-CoMP) mechanism can achieve effective interference cancellation and suppression by exploiting limited and flexible collaboration only at the base station (BS) side. We also extend the mechanism to general cases where the antenna configurations at both transmitter and receiver side, the number of transmitters participating in CoMP and simultaneously served users are variable. In addition, the proposed scheme can also achieve a flexible tradeoff between cooperation overhead and the system's achievable degrees of freedom (DoFs). Our in-depth simulation results show that IAN-CoMP can significantly improve the spectral efficiency (SE) for cell-edge users.
Which form of erythromycin should be used to treat gastroparesis? A pharmacokinetic analysis (1998)

Background: Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that exhibits prokinetic effects. It has been shown to enhance antral contractility and accelerates gastric emptying rates, primarily by stimulating motilin receptors. Aim: To determine the optimal dosage form of erythromycin for use as a prokinetic agent. Methods: Eight normal volunteers and three patients with documented gastroparesis ingested 250 mg erythromycin in tablet, suspension and intravenous forms. Serum erythromycin levels were determined at frequent intervals. These data were plotted vs. time and analysed for lag time, time to maximum concentration ( t max ), maximum concentration ( C max ) and bioavailability ( F ). Results: The absorption kinetics of the erythromycin suspension was notable for short lag times and early t max , while lag times and t max were delayed with the tablet form. Median lag time was 15 min for the suspension vs. 90 min for the tablet ( P &lt; 0.005). Median t max for the suspension was 45 min vs. 180 min for the tablet ( P &lt; 0.005). A non‐significant decrease in F was seen with the suspension compared to the tablet ( P = 0.12). Conclusion: Based on the kinetic data from this study, erythromycin suspension is the ideal dosage form for administration of this drug as a prokinetic agent.
Abstract C005: NT5C2 small molecule inhibitor for the reversal of 6-MP resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2019)

Abstract Activating mutations in the cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II (NT5C2) gene drive resistance to chemotherapy with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) highlighting NT5C2 as a potential therapeutic target. In efforts to reverse 6-MP therapy resistance, we performed high throughput screens to identify small molecule inhibitors of NT5C2. Using a high throughput malachite-green based NT5C2 nucleotidase assay, we identified HTP_2 as a lead compound with low micromolar inhibitory activity against NT5C2 R367Q mutant recombinant protein. HTP_2 reverses 6-MP resistance in Nt5c2+/R367Qmutant mouse lymphoblasts and NT5C2 R29Q mutant expressing human cell lines. In addition, HTP_2 treatment results in increased sensitivity to 6-MP therapy in NT5C2 wild-type cells, highlighting the role of wild-type NT5C2 activity in the clearance of 6-MP. These results support a potential therapeutic use for NT5C2 inhibitors in potentiating the effects of 6-MP based chemotherapy in NT5C2 wild-type cells as well as NT5C2 mutant cells. Overall, this study presents a framework for the development of a NT5C2 inhibitor for the reversal of 6-MP resistance in relapsed ALL patients. Citation Format: Chelsea Dieck, Clara Reglero-Gomez, Arie Zask, Brent Stockwell, Adolfo Ferrando. NT5C2 small molecule inhibitor for the reversal of 6-MP resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C005. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C005
[Quantitative brain SPECT imaging with scatter and attenuation compensation: comparison of sequential and simultaneous acquisition of transmission and emission data]. (1995)

Scatter and attenuation correction for brain SPECT of a phantom and a normal volunteer was performed using the Triple Energy Window method combined with a transmission scan. 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc solution were used as an emission tracer and a transmission source, respectively. We employed a triple-headed SPECT gammacamera system equipped with fan-beam collimators for acquisition with line transmission sources placed at the focal lines of the fanbeam collimators. Two mode, sequential mode and simultaneous mode, of data acquisition protocols were examined. In the sequential mode, a transmission scan was carried out using three external sources for the brain phantom without emission tracer. After removing all sources, an emission scan was performed on the brain phantom containing the tracer. In the simultaneous mode, the injection was followed by a simultaneous transmission-emission scan using one transmission source. The same study was conducted out for the normal volunteer, after confirming the effectiveness of these protocols with phantom studies. Corrected SPECT count values obtained with two protocols were almost identical. Simultaneous mode had advantages in avoiding misalignment between transmission and emission data and in shorter acquisition time than sequential mode.
Two-dimensional Photonic Band-gap Materials (1994)

Abstract The properties of 2D photonic lattices, and especially the presence of photonic band-gaps, are reviewed. Using symmetry arguments, general conditions on the nature of the eigenmodes for all 2D periodic dielectric lattices are derived. A method of computing photonic band-structures is briefly discussed. The in-plane band-structures of the square and triangular lattices of cylinders are systematically investigated. The out-of-plane band-structure for a prototypical system is described. Effects of periodicity-breaking are discussed, including localization of light due to lattice defects, and localized surface modes.
Hinges and Curved Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints in Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms (2020)

Abstract Cylindrical developable mechanisms are devices that conform to and emerge from a cylindrical surface. These mechanisms can be formed or cut from the cylinder wall itself. This paper presents a study on adapting traditional hinge options to achieve revolute motion in these mechanisms. A brief overview of options is given, including classical pin hinges, small-length flexural pivots, initially curved beams, and an adaptation of the membrane thickness-accommodation technique. Curved lamina emergent torsional (LET) joints are then evaluated in detail, and a thin-walled modeling assumption is checked analytically and empirically. A small-scale cylindrical developable mechanism is then evaluated with Nitinol curved LET joints.