gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerosol filtration properties of nucleating agent containing electret filters (2013)

This study reports on the effects of nucleating agents on morphology, charging, and electrostatic filtration performance of polypropylene meltblown webs. Two commercial nucleating agents, DMDBS (3:2, 4‐bis(3,4‐dimethyldibenzylidene) sorbitol) and NA11 (sodium 2,2′‐methylene‐bis(4,6‐di‐tertbutylphenyl)‐phosphate) were compared. It is hypothesized that faster solidification brought about by the addition of the nucleating agents may be responsible for the slight increase in fiber diameter and concomitant reduction in web solidity. Samples were charged at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures. Upon thermal charging, significant enhancement in the electrostatic potential and filtration performance of the webs was observed. Particularly, the stability of electrostatic filtration performance was found to be promising with the addition of these polarizable additives. Dielectric spectroscopy tests confirmed an increase in capacitance for samples containing nucleating agents. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1533–1539, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Differential effects of human interleukin-1 on growth of human fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. (1985)

Monocyte products probably play a role in the initiation of smooth muscle cell proliferation in the arterial wall early in atherogenesis. Several groups have described mitogenic activity for arterial smooth muscle cells that is elaborated by mononuclear phagocytes (macrophage-derived growth factor). However, the biochemical nature of this mitogenic activity is unknown. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a well-characterized monocyte product that activates the growth of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and promotes the growth of fibroblasts. We tested whether IL-1 also affects the growth of arterial smooth muscle cells and might account for some of the mitogenic activity produced by activated monocytes. Highly purified human IL-1 did stimulate the growth of human fibroblasts of either adult or fetal origin. However, under identical conditions, IL-1 lacked significant mitogenic effects on human, bovine, rabbit, or canine arterial smooth muscle cells. This mediator also failed to stimulate the growth of cultured human or bovine vascular endothelial cells, another cell type that may respond to macrophage-derived growth factor. Interleukin-1 did not render smooth muscle cells competent to divide in the presence of plasma factors such as insulin (10(-6) M), or when growth of muscle cells was limited by incubation in a low (2%) concentration of serum. This monokine also failed to increase the mitogenic effect of purified platelet-derived growth factor on arterial smooth muscle cells incubated in serum-free medium. Thus, cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells differ from fibroblasts and lymphocytes in their response to human IL-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
All-Optical Initialization, Readout, and Coherent Preparation of Single Silicon-Vacancy Spins in Diamond (2014)

The silicon-vacancy (SiV-) color center in diamond has attracted attention because of its unique optical properties. It exhibits spectral stability and indistinguishability that facilitate efficient generation of photons capable of demonstrating quantum interference. Here we show optical initialization and readout of electronic spin in a single SiV- center with a spin relaxation time of T1=2.4±0.2 ms. Coherent population trapping (CPT) is used to demonstrate coherent preparation of dark superposition states with a spin coherence time of T2⋆=35±3 ns. This is fundamentally limited by orbital relaxation, and an understanding of this process opens the way to extend coherence by engineering interactions with phonons. Hyperfine structure is observed in CPT measurements with the 29Si isotope which allows access to nuclear spin. These results establish the SiV- center as a solid-state spin-photon interface.
A novel magnetic resonance elastography transducer concept based on a rotational eccentric mass: preliminary experiences with the gravitational transducer (2018)

The table top measurements are in concordance with the theory behind a transducer based on a rotational eccentric mass. The resulting constant displacement amplitude irrespective of f <sub>VIB</sub> and low 2nd harmonic-to-f <sub>VIB</sub> ratio result in low nonlinearity and high data fidelity in both phantom and in vivo examples.
Electrogastrography: A Noninvasive Technique to Evaluate Gastric Electrical Activity (1998)

Electrogastrography (EGG) is the recording of gastric electrical activity (GEA) from the body surface. The cutaneous signal is low in amplitude and consequently must be amplified considerably. The resultant signal is heavily contaminated with noise, and visual analysis alone of an EGG signal is inadequate. Consequently, EGG recordings require special methodology for acquisition, processing and analysis. Essential components of this methodology involve an adequate system of digital filtering, amplification and analysis, along with minimization of the sources of external noise (random motions of the patient, electrode-skin interface impedance, electrode bending, obesity, etc) and a quantitative interpretation of the recordings. There is a close relationship between GEA and gastric motility. Although it has been demonstrated that EGG satisfactorily reflects internal GEA frequency, there is not acceptable correlation with gastric contractions or gastric emptying. Many attempts have been made to relate EGG 'abnormalities' with clinical syndromes and diseases; however, the diagnostic and clinical value of EGG is still very much in question.
DIGITAL TEMPLATING IN TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT: A NEW GOLD STANDARD? (2004)

Radiographs historically have not been standardized according to magnification. Depending upon the size of a patient, a film will either magnify a bone and joint (of large patients with more soft tissue) or minify (in the case of thin patients). An orthopedic surgeon must guess at the degree of over or under magnification to select an implant that is neither too large nor too small. The surgeon may be aided by the incorporation of a marker of known size. By calculating the difference between the size of the marker displayed on the film and the actual size of the marker, the orthopedic surgeon can identify the degree of magnification/minimization and compensate accordingly when selecting a prosthetic template.

This activity takes time and also is subject to mathematical error. Digital pre-op planning allows for an image to be displayed electronically, and with the use of a known sized marker, automatically calculate the magnification and recalibrate the image so that it is sized at 100% from the perspective of the user.

Digital pre-op planning incorporates a library of electronic templates of prostheses, which can be standardized to exactly match the size of diagnostic image being displayed. Traditionally, an orthopedic surgeon places an acetate template enlarged to be 110% to 120% over an X-ray film magnified to be110% to 130%. When there is a significant variation in magnification between the template and the procedure, this can contribute to surgical error. This type of error will be virtually eliminated with digital templating that has the capability to identically scale electronic templates to the X-ray image being displayed. Digital pre-op planning enables surgeons to select from a library of templates and electronically overlay them on an image as well as perform the necessary measurements critical to the templating procedure which not only speeds up this process but, as will be shown, has the potential of delivering unprecedented accuracy.
CCDC 1590306: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination : 4,5,10,11-tetrahexylthieno[3',2':6,7][1]benzothieno[3,2-b]thieno[3,2-g][1]benzothiophene (2020)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Novel structural arrangement for divalent metal phosphonates: synthesis of tert-butylphosphonates and structure of Co[(CH3)3CPO3]·H2O (1994)

The synthesis and characterization of new divalent metal tert-butylphosphonates are described: MII[(CH3)3CPO3]·xH2O [MII= Co, Mn (x= 1) MII= Zn (x= 2/3)] and Cu1.75O0.75[(CH3)3CPO3]·H2O. Co[(CH3)3CPO3]·H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a= 12.256(1)Å, b= 17.939(1)Å, c= 10.769(1)Å, β= 93.57(1)°, V = 2363.1 (4)Å3, Z= 12, with R= 0.064 and Rw= 0.075 for 1805 observed reflections, according to the criterion I > 3σ(I). The layer arrangement of this new phase is different from that observed in the case of the n-alkyl MII( RPO3)·H2O analogues owing to the steric effect of the bulky tert-butyl group. The structural relationship between the cobalt, manganese and zinc compounds is discussed. The observed magnetic moments are consistent with the presence of high-spin MnII or CoII and with the existence of both octahedral and tetrahedral environments about these metals.
Analytical Platform for Glycomic Characterization of Recombinant Erythropoietin Biotherapeutics and Biosimilars by Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Erythropoietin is a therapeutic glycoprotein that stimulates red blood cell production. The quality, safety, and potency of recombinant erythropoietins are determined largely by their glycosylation. Small variations in cell culture conditions can significantly affect the glycosylation, and therefore the efficacy, of recombinant erythropoietins. Thus, detailed glycomic analyses are necessary to assess biotherapeutic quality. We have developed a platform for qualitative and quantitative glycomic analysis of recombinant erythropoietins. The platform was used to profile native N-glycans from three different type erythropoietin a common form of recombinant erythropoietin. Darbepoetin alfa was found to contain an abundance of large, multi-antennary N-glycans with high levels of sialylation, O-acetylation, and dehydration. Results were verified by independent orthogonal analysis with both MALDI-TOF and nano-LC/Q-TOF MS. This platform may be applied to quality control and batch analysis of not only recombinant erythropoietin but also other complex, glycosylated biotherapeutics and biosimilars.
Imaging Mechanisms of Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond Brain Atrophy (2020)

Clinicians involved with different aspects of the care of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and scientists with expertise on clinical and imaging techniques convened in Dallas, TX, USA on February 27, 2019 at a North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative workshop meeting. The aim of the workshop was to discuss cardinal pathobiological mechanisms implicated in the progression of MS and novel imaging techniques, beyond brain atrophy, to unravel these pathologies. Indeed, although brain volume assessment demonstrates changes linked to disease progression, identifying the biological mechanisms leading up to that volume loss are key for understanding disease mechanisms. To this end, the workshop focused on the application of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques to assess and measure disease progression in both the brain and the spinal cord. Clinical translation of quantitative MRI was recognized as of vital importance, although the need to maintain a relatively short acquisition time mandated by most radiology departments remains the major obstacle toward this effort. Regarding PET, the panel agreed upon its utility to identify ongoing pathological processes. However, due to costs, required expertise, and the use of ionizing radiation, PET was not considered to be a viable option for ongoing care of persons with MS. Collaborative efforts fostering robust study designs and imaging technique standardization across scanners and centers are needed to unravel disease mechanisms leading to progression and discovering medications halting neurodegeneration and/or promoting repair.
Mutational Landscapes of Sequential Prostate Metastases and Matched Patient Derived Xenografts during Enzalutamide Therapy (2015)

Developing patient derived models from individual tumors that capture the biological heterogeneity and mutation landscape in advanced prostate cancer is challenging, but essential for understanding tumor progression and delivery of personalized therapy in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer stage. To demonstrate the feasibility of developing patient derived xenograft models in this stage, we present a case study wherein xenografts were derived from cancer metastases in a patient progressing on androgen deprivation therapy and prior to initiating pre-chemotherapy enzalutamide treatment. Tissue biopsies from a metastatic rib lesion were obtained for sequencing before and after initiating enzalutamide treatment over a twelve-week period and also implanted subcutaneously as well as under the renal capsule in immuno-deficient mice. The genome and transcriptome landscapes of xenografts and the original patient tumor tissues were compared by performing whole exome and transcriptome sequencing of the metastatic tumor tissues and the xenografts at both time points. After comparing the somatic mutations, copy number variations, gene fusions and gene expression we found that the patient's genomic and transcriptomic alterations were preserved in the patient derived xenografts with high fidelity. These xenograft models provide an opportunity for predicting efficacy of existing and potentially novel drugs that is based on individual metastatic tumor expression signature and molecular pharmacology for delivery of precision medicine.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Demonstration of a Genetic Therapeutic Index for Tumors Expressing Oncogenic <i>BRAF</i> by the Kinase Inhibitor SB-590885 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Demonstration of a Genetic Therapeutic Index for Tumors Expressing Oncogenic &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; by the Kinase Inhibitor SB-590885
As[sub 2]S[sub 3]/Sr(Ti[sub 0.7]Co[sub 0.3])O[sub 3] and As[sub 2]S[sub 3]/Sr(Ti[sub 0.6]Fe[sub 0.4])O[sub 3] strip-loaded waveguides for integrated magneto-optical isolator applications (2009)

Sr(Ti[sub 0.6]Fe[sub 0.4])O[sub 3] (STF) and Sr(Ti[sub 0.7]Co[sub 0.3])O[sub 3] (STC) room-temperature ferromagnetic oxides were grown epitaxially on LaAlO[sub 3](001), (LaSr)(AlTa)O[sub 3] (001) and Si (001) substrates. Both materials were demonstrated to be magneto-optically active, and more optically transparent at 1550nm wavelength compared with other non-garnet ferromagnetic materials. As[sub 2]S[sub 3]/STF and As[sub 2]S[sub 3]/STC strip-loaded waveguides were fabricated on epitaxial STF or STC films grown on LSAT (001) substrates using thermal evaporation and lift-off processing. The absorption of STF at 1550 nm was measured by ellipsometry and by optical transmission spectrum measurements of the As[sub 2]S[sub 3]/STF waveguides, which gave similar results. A novel design for a Non-Reciprocal Phase Shift (NRPS) strip-loaded waveguide using chalcogenide glass (ChG) as the guiding layer is proposed. The NRPS and figure of merit of these waveguides are simulated. The ChG strip-loaded waveguide structure shows advantages both in fabrication and device performance according to the simulation results. Our study suggests the possibility of magneto-optical magneto-optical isolators monolithically integrated on a silicon platform.
SnCl2 als Brückenligand in [{(CO)5M}2Sn(Cl)2]2− (M = Cr, Mo, W) — Synthese, Struktur und Reaktivität (1994)

Abstract [{(CO) 5 Cr} 2 Sn(Cl) 2 ] 2 , 1 , kann aus [(CO) 5 Cr] 2− oder [(CO) 5 CrSnCl 2 · THF] in guten Ausbeuten dargestellt werden. Alternativ ist 1 aus [Cr 2 (CO) 10 ] 2− und SnCl 2 zugänglich. Dieses Verfahren kann auf die Synthese von [{(CO) 5 M} 2 Sn(Cl) 2 ] 2− (M = Mo, 2 ; M = W, 3 ) übertragen werden. Die Dianionen 1–3 werden als Alkalimetall‐(12‐Krone‐4) 2 oder ‐[2,2,2]Kryptand‐Salze kristallisiert. Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalysen zeigen jeweils die Verbrückung durch die SnCl 2 ‐Einheit mit MSnM‐Winkeln nahe bei 130°. Die Beziehung der Bindungsverhältnisse in 1–3 zu denen, die in Stannylen‐ oder „Iniden”︁‐Komplexen beobachtet werden, wird diskutiert. Die Umwandlung von 1 in die rhombendo‐dekaedrische (Röntgenstrukturanalyse) Käfigverbindung [{(CO) 5 CrSn} 6 (μ 3 ‐O) 4 (μ 3 ‐OH) 4 ], 4 , belegt die Reaktivität der Dianionen 1–3 .
In vivo unnatural amino acid expression in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (2023)

The invention provides orthogonal translation systems for the production of polypeptides comprising unnatural amino acids in methylotrophic yeast such as Pichia pastoris. Methods for producing polypeptides comprising unnatural amino acids in methylotrophic yeast such as Pichia pastoris are also provided.
Learning Situation Models in a Smart Home (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of learning situation models for providing context-aware services. Context for modeling human behavior in a smart environment is represented by a situation model describing environment, users, and their activities. A framework for acquiring and evolving different layers of a situation model in a smart environment is proposed. Different learning methods are presented as part of this framework: role detection per entity, unsupervised extraction of situations from multimodal data, supervised learning of situation representations, and evolution of a predefined situation model with feedback. The situation model serves as frame and support for the different methods, permitting to stay in an intuitive declarative framework. The proposed methods have been integrated into a whole system for smart home environment. The implementation is detailed, and two evaluations are conducted in the smart home environment. The obtained results validate the proposed approach.
Rearrangement of 3,3‐Disubstituted Indolenines and Synthesis of 2,3‐Substituted Indoles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of High‐ versus Intermediate‐Purity Blood Coagulation Factor Concentrates on HIV‐1 Replication (1996)

Controversy exists as to whether treatment of HIV-1-seropositive hemophiliacs with blood coagulation products of high purity might help prevent the decline of CD4-positive lymphocytes and thus delay progression toward AIDS. As viral load has recently been shown to be associated with disease progression in HIV-1 infection, we tested for a possible direct interference of high- or intermediate-purity blood coagulation products with replication of HIV-1. The data obtained revealed comparable replication of HIV-1 in the presence and absence of all blood coagulation products tested (assessed by PCR-based quantitation of proviral HIV-1 DNA in infected cells after a 10-day incubation period). These data suggest that coagulation factor concentrates per se will also have no direct effect on HIV-1 replication in vivo.
<title>Three-dimensional Bayesian optical diffusion tomography: source-detector calibration</title> (2002)

Optical diffusion tomography is a new imaging modality that offers significant potential in medical applications. The resulting nonlinear image reconstruction problem is further complicated by the fact that for practical imaging variable source excitation and detector coupling needs to be accounted for in order to obtain quantitative images. We formulated the joint problem of coupling coefficient estimation and three-dimensional image reconstruction in a Bayesian framework, and the resulting estimates are computed in an iterative coordinate-descent optimization scheme. Simulations show that this approach is an accurate and efficient method for simultaneous reconstruction of absorption and diffusion coefficients, as well as the coupling coefficients.
Gated Path Planning Networks (2018)

Value Iteration Networks (VINs) are effective differentiable path planning modules that can be used by agents to perform navigation while still maintaining end-to-end differentiability of the entire architecture. Despite their effectiveness, they suffer from several disadvantages including training instability, random seed sensitivity, and other optimization problems. In this work, we reframe VINs as recurrent-convolutional networks which demonstrates that VINs couple recurrent convolutions with an unconventional max-pooling activation. From this perspective, we argue that standard gated recurrent update equations could potentially alleviate the optimization issues plaguing VIN. The resulting architecture, which we call the Gated Path Planning Network, is shown to empirically outperform VIN on a variety of metrics such as learning speed, hyperparameter sensitivity, iteration count, and even generalization. Furthermore, we show that this performance gap is consistent across different maze transition types, maze sizes and even show success on a challenging 3D environment, where the planner is only provided with first-person RGB images.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Aminocyclobutanols via Photocyclization of α‐Amido Alkylaryl Ketones: Mechanistic Implications for the Norrish/Yang Reaction. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determination of Fragility in Organic Small Molecular Glass Forming Liquids: Comparison of Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Data and Commentary on Pharmaceutical Importance (2018)

The fragility index ( m) and conversely the strength parameter ( D) are widely used to categorize glass forming liquids and are used to characterize temperature dependency of viscosity and relaxation time as the supercooled liquid approaches glass transition. The currently used calorimetric methods in pharmaceutical literature lead to wide variability in measured values of m. In this work, a modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method is introduced that can directly determine m with minimal variability. Although calorimetric fragility is easy to measure due to availability and ease of use of DSC, there is no correlation between calorimetric and dielectric fragility (calculated spectroscopically from relaxation times). In addition, there is also no correlation between calorimetric fragility and the so-called "thermodynamic fragility" that can be calculated using only thermodynamic parameters. No relationship can be found between the crystallization propensity in the supercooled liquid state and D. However, the crystallization propensity shows a reasonable correlation with the Kohlrausch distribution parameter β<sub>k</sub>, which defines the breadth of the relaxation time distribution.