gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism and left ventricular reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy: preliminary results (2013)

Beta-2 Gln27Glu ARs gene polymorphism may influence LV reverse remodelling after CRT with Glu27Glu carriers showing the greatest improvement. It may also influence the incidence of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Visualization Techniques for Schedule Comparison (2009)

Abstract Project schedules are effectively represented by Gantt charts, but comparing multiple versions of a schedule is difficult. To compare versions with current methods, users must search and navigate through multiple large documents, making it difficult to identify differences. We present two novel visualization techniques to support the comparison of Gantt charts. First, we encode two Gantt charts in one view by overlapping them to show differences. Second, we designed an interactive visual technique, the ‘TbarView’, that allows users to compare multiple schedules within one single view. We evaluated the overlap and TbarView techniques via a user study. The study results showed that our design provided a quick overview of the variances among two or more schedules, and the techniques also improved efficiency by minimizing view switching. Our visual techniques for schedule comparison could be combined with other resource analysis tools to help project teams identify and resolve errors and problems in project schedules.
NoEncap (2015)

Overlay network virtualization quickly gains traction in today's multi-tenant data centers due to its ability to provide independent virtual networks, at scale, along with complete isolation from the underlying physical network. Despite the benefits, performance degradation due to the imposed perpacket encapsulation overhead is a serious impediment.
Selective Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 7 Enzymes Reduces Motivation for Nicotine Use through Modulation of Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Transmission (2021)

Approximately 5 million people die from diseases related to nicotine addiction and tobacco use each year. The nicotine-induced increase of corticomesolimbic dopaminergic (DAergic) transmission and hypodopaminergic conditions occurring during abstinence are important for maintaining drug-use habits. We examined the notion of reequilibrating DAergic transmission by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), an intracellular enzyme highly expressed in the corticomesolimbic circuitry and responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the main second messenger modulated by DA receptor activation. Using selective PDE7 inhibitors, we demonstrated in male rats that systemic PDE7 enzyme inhibition reduced nicotine self-administration and prevented reinstatement to nicotine seeking evoked by cues or by the pharmacological stressor yohimbine. The effect was also observed by direct application of the PDE7 inhibitors into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell but not into the core. Inhibition of PDE7 resulted in increased DA- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein and cAMP response element-binding protein and their phosphorylated forms in the NAc. It also enhanced the DA D1 receptor agonism-mediated effects, indicating potentiation of protein kinase A-dependent transmission downstream of D1 receptor activation. In electrophysiological recordings from DA neurons in the lateral posterior ventral tegmental area, the PDE7 inhibitors attenuated the spontaneous activity of DA neurons. This effect was exerted through the potentiation of D1 receptor signaling and the subsequent facilitation of γ-aminobutyric acid transmission. The PDE7 inhibitors did not elicit conditioned place preference and did not induce intravenous self-administration, indicating lack of reinforcing properties. Thus, PDE7 inhibitors have the potential to treat nicotine abuse.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The World Health Organization estimates that there are 1.25 billion smokers worldwide, representing one-third of the global population over the age of 15. Nicotine-induced increase of corticomesolimbic DAergic transmission and hypodopaminergic conditions occurring during abstinence are critical for maintaining drug-use habits. Here, we demonstrate that nicotine consumption and relapse to nicotine seeking are attenuated by reequilibrating DAergic transmission through inhibition of PDE7, an intracellular enzyme responsible for the degradation of cAMP, the main second messenger modulated by DA receptor activation. PDE7 inhibition may represent a novel treatment approach to aid smoking cessation.
Regional distribution of N-isopropyl-p-(I-123)iodoamphetamine in cerebrovascular disease compared with regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism (1985)

N-isopropyl-p-(I-123)iodoamphetamine (IMP) has been introduced for the assessment of regional cerebral blood flow (RCBF) by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Although some preliminary studies in animals have revealed a good correlation between the distribution of IMP and RCBF, it has not been validated in diseased states in humans. The purpose of this study is to compare the regional distribution of IMP measured by SPECT WITH RCBF and oxygen metabolism measured by positron emission tomography (PET). Twenty patients with cerebrovascular disease were studied. Following the intravenous IMP (3 mCi), SPECT was performed using a rotating gamma camera. PET study was carried out by continuous inhalation of 0-15 labeled gases to measure RCBF, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and oxygen utilization (CMR02). PET study and X-ray CT scan were performed on the same day, and SPECT with IMP was studied within a few days. In chronic cerebrovascular disease, the distribution of IMP was well correlated with RCBF. However, in two cases with cerebral infarction in the subacute stage, the discrepancy between IMP distribution and RCBF were observed. In these cases, relatively increased RCBF was demonstrated in the infarcted area where CMR02 was markedly depressed, and the distribution of IMP was more similarmore » to that of CMR02. These results suggest that although SPECT with IMP is a valuable diagnostic tool for the assessment of cerebrovascular disease, IMP distribution may not be determined only by RCBF.« less
Development and Performance Evaluation of an Innovative Anti-Biofouling Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Water Purification Applications (2019)

Biofouling is a main operational problem plaguing membrane use in the water purification industry. Biofouling limits water productivity, water quality, membrane life, and increases operational costs. Therefore, developing an effective, widely applicable technology to control biofouling would facilitate membrane implementation and enable efficient use of membrane technology. Accordingly, the overall goal of this dissertation was to develop and evaluate the performance of a novel anti-biofouling reverse osmosis (RO) membrane(s) with 2-aminoimidazoles (2-AIs) incorporated as the active compound. 2-AIs are non-biocidal, bioactive compounds that actively disrupt biofilm formation mechanisms. 2-AIs are unique because they are one of the only compound classes that actively disrupts biofilm formation across different bacteria phyla, classes, and orders. To achieve the overall goal, the following specific objectives were met: (1) to develop an anti-biofouling water purification membrane(s) through 2-AI incorporation into active layers of commercially available RO membranes, (2) to develop an anti-biofouling water purification membrane(s) through 2-AI incorporation into active layers of RO membranes during active layer casting, (3) to characterize 2-AI membrane(s) performance in terms of biofouling inhibition, water productivity, and contaminant removal. Experimental results led to the following conclusions: (i) 2-AI membranes significantly inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by 39-96% (p=0.002-0.12) due to the presence of 2-AI and not changes in membrane physico-chemical properties. (ii) Compared to (2-AI lacking) control membranes, 2-AI incorporation decreased initial membrane water permeability by 0-44% and salt rejection by -0.4-4.3 percentage points, without efforts to optimize these parameters. (iii) Incorporating 2-AI into active layers of commercial RO membranes by activating carboxylic acid groups with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide produced a more effective membrane than incorporating 2-AI during active layer casting. (iv) Under operationally realistic conditions (e.g., using cross-flow and real waters), biofilm formation was significantly inhibited (98%, p<0.001) by 2-AI membranes; and when biofilm formation was a fouling mechanism, 2-AI membranes had higher water permeability (10-11%) and organics rejection (11-12 percentage points) than (2-AI-lacking) control membranes. Overall, this work constitutes the proof-of-concept for 2-AI membranes and 2-AI incorporation represents a promising, novel enhancement for biofouling prevention and control. Based on these results, further 2-AI membrane optimization and performance testing is warranted.
Deep MRD profiling defines outcome and unveils different modes of treatment resistance in standard- and high-risk myeloma (2020)

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) carrying standard- or high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) achieve similar complete response (CR) rates, but the later have inferior progression-free survival (PFS). This questions the legitimacy of CR as a treatment endpoint and represents a biological conundrum regarding the nature of tumor reservoirs that persist after therapy in high-risk MM. We used next-generation flow (NGF) cytometry to evaluate measurable residual disease (MRD) in MM patients with standard- vs high-risk CAs (n = 300 and 90, respectively) enrolled in the PETHEMA/GEM2012MENOS65 trial, and to identify mechanisms that determine MRD resistance in both patient subgroups (n = 40). The 36-month PFS rates were higher than 90% in patients with standard- or high-risk CAs achieving undetectable MRD. Persistent MRD resulted in a median PFS of ∼3 and 2 years in patients with standard- and high-risk CAs, respectively. Further use of NGF to isolate MRD, followed by whole-exome sequencing of paired diagnostic and MRD tumor cells, revealed greater clonal selection in patients with standard-risk CAs, higher genomic instability with acquisition of new mutations in high-risk MM, and no unifying genetic event driving MRD resistance. Conversely, RNA sequencing of diagnostic and MRD tumor cells uncovered the selection of MRD clones with singular transcriptional programs and reactive oxygen species-mediated MRD resistance in high-risk MM. Our study supports undetectable MRD as a treatment endpoint for patients with MM who have high-risk CAs and proposes characterizing MRD clones to understand and overcome MRD resistance. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01916252.
Extremely Wide Field of View Tabletop Ptychographic Imaging with 12.7 nm Illumination (2017)

We demonstrate the first reflection-mode, tabletop imaging using 12.7nm illumination via ptychography. This is the first reflection-mode image using any ~13nm source of a general sample. We utilize glancing incidence-angles to obtain a large field-of-view.
Quantifying the Impact of Expanded Age Group Campaigns for Polio Eradication (2014)

A priority of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) 2013-2018 strategic plan is to evaluate the potential impact on polio eradication resulting from expanding one or more Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) to children beyond age five-years in polio endemic countries. It has been hypothesized that such expanded age group (EAG) campaigns could accelerate polio eradication by eliminating immunity gaps in older children that may have resulted from past periods of low vaccination coverage. Using an individual-based mathematical model, we quantified the impact of EAG campaigns in terms of probability of elimination, reduction in polio transmission and age stratified immunity levels. The model was specifically calibrated to seroprevalence data from a polio-endemic region: Zaria, Nigeria. We compared the impact of EAG campaigns, which depend only on age, to more targeted interventions which focus on reaching missed populations. We found that EAG campaigns would not significantly improve prospects for polio eradication; the probability of elimination increased by 8% (from 24% at baseline to 32%) when expanding three annual SIAs to 5-14 year old children and by 18% when expanding all six annual SIAs. In contrast, expanding only two of the annual SIAs to target hard-to-reach populations at modest vaccination coverage-representing less than one tenth of additional vaccinations required for the six SIA EAG scenario-increased the probability of elimination by 55%. Implementation of EAG campaigns in polio endemic regions would not improve prospects for eradication. In endemic areas, vaccination campaigns which do not target missed populations will not benefit polio eradication efforts.
Nanomaterials for “Green” Electronics (2010)

This paper examines the use of nanomaterials in the area of “green” technology. A variety of green materials for advanced organic packaging have been developed. These include capacitors and resistors as embedded passives, resin coated Cu (RCC) as buildup layers, highly conducting nano-micro media for Z-interconnects, lead free assembly paste, ZnO based additives, magnetic materials, inductors and thermal interface materials (TIM). Nanocomposites can provide high capacitance densities, ranging from 5 nf/inch2 to 25 nF/inch2, depending on composition, particle size and film thickness. The electrical properties of capacitors fabricated from BaTiO3-epoxy nanocomposites showed a stable capacitance over a temperature range from 20°C to 120 °C. A variety of printable discrete resistors with different sheet resistances, ranging from 1 ohm to 120 Mohm, processed utilizing a large panel format (19.5 × 24 inches) have been fabricated. Low resistivity nanocomposites, with volume resistivity in the range of 10−4 ohm-cm to 10−6 ohm-cm depending on composition, particle size, and loading can be used as conductive joints for high frequency and high density interconnect applications. A variety of metals including Cu, Ag, LMP (low melting point) and LMP-coated Cu fillers have been used to make halogen free, lead free electrically conducting adhesive technology as an alternative to solders. Halogen free resin modified with ceramics/organic particles can produce low Dk resin coated Cu (RCC) with Dk value in the range between 4.2 and 2.5. Similarly, low loss RCC materials can be produced by combining HF resin with low loss fillers. The mechanical strength of the various RCC was characterized by a 90 degree peel test and measurement of tensile strength. RCC exhibited peel strength with Gould's JTC-treated Cu as high as 6 lbs/inch for halogen free RCC. These halogen free RCC materials exhibit coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), ranging from 27 ppm/°C to 32ppm/°C. The paper also describes a nanoparticle dispersion approach to prepare nanogels and nanofluids as thermal interface materials. Altogether, this is a new direction in the development of Green Packages and more specifically in the development of coreless substrates for semiconductor packaging.
Characterising fracture patterns at growing lava domes (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Volcanic domes form when lava is too viscous to flow away from an active volcanic vent; instead, the lava accumulates into a mound consisting of a hotter, ductile core and a colder, brittle outer layer. An existing lava dome grows when new material is injected into the core of the dome, causing the&amp;amp;#160; outer layer to stretch and develop tensile fractures. With continued dome growth, these weaknesses can propagate to form an extensive fracture network and the dome may fail. Collapse events often generate rock falls and debris avalanches, lahars, and high-speed pyroclastic flows, endangering populations residing at the base of a volcano. Since such fractures represent potential failure planes, in this project we aim to understand the role they have in destabilising lava domes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This project will build on the work published by Harnett et al. (2018), which demonstrates the suitability of a discrete element modelling approach to simulate dome emplacement and evolution. Specifically, this project is designed to:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;1. Use high-resolution photogrammetry to characterise the possible fracture states of a dome;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;2. Establish up-scaled rock-mass properties by performing geomechanical experiments on both fractured and non-fractured samples of dome rock from prior collapses;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;3. Develop a numerical model to investigate how the presence and properties of fracture networks influence dome stability.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The model, developed using PFC, will be used to identify critical fracture states that can signify a dome collapse is likely to occur. Under the current model, parallel bonds simulate the fluid magma core and flat joints simulate the solid talus material. This project will build on this original model by incorporating discrete fracture networks into the smooth-joint model to implement dome fracturing. The new model will look to investigate the effect&amp;amp;#160; of a fracture network on a static dome that, when in its unfractured state, is stable under gravity. Additionally, the model will be designed such that inputs can include experimentally derived rock-mass properties. It is hoped that, by incorporating observational and experimental data into a more&amp;amp;#160; complex model, the dynamic evolution of fractures in a growing lava dome can be investigated and the ongoing likelihood of a dome collapse event can be assessed.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Harnett, C. E. et al., 2018. J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 359: 68-77.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Novel applications of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in orthopaedic surgery (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Sarcomas are cancers of the bones, muscles, nerves, and fat that require complete surgical removal for cure. The primary surgical goal therefore is to remove the tumor with a zone of normal, non-cancerous tissue surrounding the tumor, considered a ‘negative’ surgical margin. At present, surgeons rely on radiologic imaging and visual and tactile clues to gauge cancer depth and guide surgical excision. This can result in removal of too much or too little tissue, which can lead to unnecessary removal of vital structures or incomplete cancer removal, respectively. Both results can have negative effects on ultimate patient outcome, with positive margins reported in 23% of sarcoma surgeries. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes are molecules that when stimulated with specific, known frequencies of near-infrared light will emit light of another distinct frequency. NIR light penetrates human tissue reasonably well and therefore can be used to detect the presence and location of unseen structures labeled with NIR fluorescence probes through several centimeters of tissue. Intra-operative near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes have been effective for this purpose in brain tumor surgery and may be applicable to sarcoma surgery. Foundational research is needed to explore the potential of this affibody probe and perfusion probes to estimate margin thickness in sarcoma surgery. In this study we will determine if sarcoma labeling using NIR fluorescence probes is superior with perfusion probes or a novel affibody probe. We will also determine whether NIR fluorescence using perfusion probes or a novel affibody probe can be correlated accurately to margin thickness.
Fracture and Failure of Nanoparticle Monolayers and Multilayers (2014)

We present an experimental investigation of fracture in self-assembled gold nanoparticle mono- and multilayers attached to elastomer substrates and subjected to tensile stress. Imaging the fracture patterns down to the scale of single particles provides detailed information about the crack width distribution and allows us to compare the scaling of the average crack spacing as a function of strain with predictions by shear-lag models. With increasing particle size, the fracture strength is found to increase while it decreases as the film thickness is built up layer by layer, indicating stress inhomogeneity in the thickness dimension.
ARMS2 Is a Constituent of the Extracellular Matrix Providing a Link between Familial and Sporadic Age-Related Macular Degenerations (2010)

The pivotal role of the extracellular matrix in the progression of AMD is underlined by the abnormal deposition of extracellular debris in the macula, observed frequently in affected individuals. The results have shown that ARMS2 may be necessary for proper matrix function.
A simulation study of performance trade-offs in open access femtocell networks (2010)

Open access is one of the access options for femtocell networks, where the mobile stations (MSs) are allowed to make hand-off to the femtocell base stations (fBSs) in their vicinity. In this paper, several performance trade-offs that are related to the deployment of open access femtocell networks are presented through computer simulations. In particular, first, impact of a capacity-based cell selection method (rather than a cell selection that is based on the link quality) on the capacity of macrocell MSs is studied. Then, cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the capacities of macrocell and femtocell users in open access femtocells are investigated for different dedicated channel ratios. This is followed by evaluation of the impact of femtocell deployment ratio on the system performance.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of 4-Cyanobiphenyl on Gold and Silver Nanoparticle Surfaces (2002)

The adsorption behavior of 4-cyanobiphenyl (CNBP) has been investigated by means of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). CNBP appeared to assume a tilted orientation on silver and gold. The presence of the ring C−H band denoted a rather vertical orientation of the biphenyl ring on Ag and Au. On the other hand, considerable red shifts of the ring-breathing modes with the increase in their bandwidths indicated a substantial π-type interaction between the benzene rings and metal substrates. On gold, the concentration-dependent SERS experiment showed CNBP to have a slightly perpendicular stance at its high surface coverage. The presence of the BH4- ion in sols was found to affect the adsorption reaction and surface orientation of CNBP. The spectral band analysis based on electromagnetic selection rule indicated that CNBP should have a slightly more vertical orientation on gold than on silver at the concentration of ∼10-4 M.
Hybrid Main Memory Systems Using Next Generation Memories Based on their Access Characteristics (2015)

?????? DRAM ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???, ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ??? HyMN??? ????????????. HyMN??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????????, ???????????? ????????????, ??????????????? ????????????, ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. ??? ??????????????? ??????, ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? HyMN??? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? DRAM????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????.