gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Non-Aqueous Electrolyte As Studies By Dems (2014)

Secondary lithium-air batteries are promising candidates for a future energy storage system as they provide in theory high capacity; however, in practice they show bad cyclebility. The key step in discharging these batteries is the reduction of oxygen present in air. So far the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been investigated thoroughly in aqueous media, but little research has been done in non-aqueous solvents. Organic carbonates are unsuitable for the use in lithium-air batteries because they decompose upon charging [1]. Recently Scrosati [2] showed by XRD that tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) is an appropriate electrolyte for Li-air battery whereas Bruce [3] using XRD and FTIR techniques demonstrated that, tetraglyme is not the best electrolyte because it decomposes in the first few cycles. On the other hand, Li2O2 has been reported as the major discharge product using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an electrolyte [4]. Since spectroscopic techniques are superior to diffraction methods in detecting charge/discharge products, mass spectrometry in combination with electrochemistry (DEMS) has been used in this study to determine the electrolyte stability, water content, the amount of O2 reduced and evolved in a variety of aprotic electrolytes such as ethers (tetraglyme) and sulfoxide (DMSO). O2 solubility in aqueous and different non-aqueous electrolyte and its dependence on the flow rate of the electrolyte has been studied. Crucial is a knowledge of the O2 solubility in these electrolytes. We will present a new method for its determination using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) based on the convection and diffusion behaviour characteristices of the dual thin layer cell used for DEMS. [5] References: [1] F. Mizuno, et al., Electrochemitry, 2010, 78, 403. [2] H Jung et al., Nat. Chem., 2012, 4, 579. [3] S. Freunberger, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 8609. [4] Z. Peng, et al., Science, 2012, 337, 563. [5] Fuhrmann, J.; Linke, A.; Langmach, H.; Baltruschat, H., Numerical calculation of the limiting current for a cylindrical thin layer flow cell Electrochimica Acta 2009, 55, 430-438.
Effects of Flow Pulsation on Forced Convection in a Channel Containing Regularly Spaced Nonconducting Fins (2010)

Abstract The effects of pulsating flow on forced convection in a rectangular channel containing a series of regularly spaced, nonconducting inserts were investigated experimentally. Based on the experimental data, a correlation equation was developed. The steady‐flow Reynolds number Re in the laminar range, Re &lt; 1200, was examined. The Prandtl number of the working fluid Pr = 15 and the oscillation was generated using low‐frequency oscillation at f &lt; 50 Hz and amplitude A &lt; 1 mm. The energy dissipation as a result of applied oscillation was determined by phase‐resolved measurements of pressure difference and liquid displacement. The system shows improved convective heat transfer towards a low Reynolds number. At a higher Reynolds number, the influence of the oscillation diminished and the flow approaches a steady finned flow. The predictions of the developed correlation equation are in good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated power input due to oscillation is comparatively low and decreases towards increasing net flow rates where the oscillating flow has a diminishing effect.
Rationale and study design for an individualised perioperative open-lung ventilatory strategy with a high versus conventional inspiratory oxygen fraction (iPROVE-O2) and its effects on surgical site infection: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2017)

NCT02776046; Pre-results.
Data from Phase I Study of Alvocidib Followed by 7+3 (Cytarabine + Daunorubicin) in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Alvocidib is a cyclin-dependent kinase 9 inhibitor leading to downregulation of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 family member, MCL-1. Alvocidib has shown clinical activity in a timed sequential regimen with cytarabine and mitoxantrone in relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but has not been studied in combination with traditional 7+3 induction therapy.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;A multiinstitutional phase I dose-escalation study of alvocidib on days 1–3 followed by 7+3 (cytarabine 100 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/day i.v. infusion days 5–12 and daunorubicin 60 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; i.v. days 5–7) was performed in newly diagnosed AML ≤65 years. Core-binding factor AML was excluded.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;There was no MTD on this study; the recommended phase II dose of alvocidib was 30 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; i.v. over 30 minutes followed by 60 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; i.v. infusion over 4 hours. There was one dose-limiting toxicity of cytokine release syndrome. The most common grade ≥3 nonhematologic toxicities were diarrhea (44%) and tumor lysis syndrome (34%). Overall, 69% (22/32) of patients achieved complete remission (CR). In an exploratory cohort, eight of nine (89%) patients in complete remission had no measurable residual disease, as determined by a centralized flow cytometric assay. Clinical activity was seen in patients with secondary AML, AML with myelodysplastic syndrome–related changes, and a genomic signature of secondary AML (50%, 50%, and 92% CR rates, respectively).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Alvocidib can be safely administered prior to 7+3 induction with encouraging clinical activity. These findings warrant further investigation of alvocidib combinations in newly diagnosed AML. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03298984.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Purification and Properties of a Novel Enzyme, Trehalose Synthase, fromPimelobactersp. R48 (1996)

A novel enzyme, trehalose synthase, was purified from a cell-free extract of Pimelobacter sp. R48 to an electrophoretically homogeneous state by successive chromatographies on DEAE-Toyopearl 650, Butyl-Toyopearl 650, and Mono Q HR5/5 columns. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 62,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the enzyme had a pI of 4.6 by gel isoelectrofocusing. The enzyme catalyzed the conversion of maltose into trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation. The enzyme also converted into maltose but was inactive on other saccharides. The N-terminal amino acid of the enzyme was serine. The optimum pH and temperature were pH7.5 and 20 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the range of pH 6.0-9.0 and up to 30 degrees C for 60 min. The rate of conversion of maltose into trehalose was independent of the maltose concentration. The maximum yield of trehalose from maltose were 81.8%, 80.9%, and 76.7% at 5, 15, and 25 degrees C, respectively. The activity was inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Tris.
Novel Photonic Crystal Architectures for Optoelectronics (2011)

The discovery of photonic crystals made over two decades ago sparked great excitement in the scientific community as this breakthrough brought with it the promise of novel and highly advanced photonic devices for a broad range of new technologies. Surprisingly, for a myriad of reasons, a few of which will be discussed in this thesis, little headway has been made in the development of commercial devices based on photonic crystals. Indeed, a disproportionate amount of research has been devoted to more fundamental studies and thus confined to the academic arena. In this thesis, we demonstrate the fabrication of novel bottom-up or combined bottom-up and top-down photonic crystals and demonstrate their integration into viable optoelectronic technologies. In particular, we highlight the fabrication of colloidal one-dimensional and three-dimensional photonic crystals with color reflectivity that is electrically tunable throughout the entire visible spectrum. In our methodology, a requisite material for the preparation of an electrically tunable one-dimensional photonic crystal, was a porous one-dimensional photonic crystal fabricated entirely from nanoparticles. We thus fabricated and highlight here the preparation of one-dimensional photonic crystals from various combinations of SiO2, TiO2, SnO2, and Sb:SnO2 (ATO) nanoparticles. We also demonstrate that these nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystals are also capable of serving as the resonator structure in organic dye and polymer based distributed feedback lasers. Finally, we also describe the fabrication of the first example of electrically conductive one-dimensional photonic crystals for optical wavelengths based entirely on conducting and optically transparent metal oxides. Owing to the conductivity and optical transparency of such materials, they are particularly well suited for serving simultaneously as the anode and mirror of a Light Emitting Diode microcavity for enhanced color purity.
XPS analysis of the terminated‐bonding states at GaN surface after chemical and plasma treatments (2013)

Abstract In order to improve reliability and yield of gallium nitride (GaN) devices, we have developed the formation of an ultra‐clean GaN surface and an interface of a passivation layer. The residue or termination materials on the GaN surface were analyzed after wet‐chemical and plasma treatments. In detail, the terminated‐bonding state of the GaN surface has been characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After conventional diluted HF treatment, the GaN surface is still terminated by oxygen. (NH 4 ) 2 S x and SiH 4 plasma treatments are required for the efficient removing of oxygen‐termination of the GaN surface. However, contaminants, except for nitrogen and gallium, are not removed from the GaN surface completely. For example, silicon is deposited on the GaN surface after the SiH 4 plasma treatment, and atoms of sulfur are terminated on the GaN surface after the (NH 4 ) 2 S x treatment. However, we consider that their materials should be removed before the passivation film deposition. Therefore, the ultra‐clean interface of the passivation layer and the GaN surface were reported in this paper. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Les ambiguïtés du discours sur les Juifs dans les Pays-Bas autrichiens (2002)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells with point-source electrical stimulation (2008)

The use of pluripotent stem cells as a means to repair damaged heart tissue has recently emerged as a promising, yet controversial therapy. Despite the different approaches and the variety of cell types used, many of these procedures have been met with mixed success. The lack of understanding of the differentiation and integration process, notably with respect to electrical signaling, significantly hampers the development of these therapies. A system was thus developed allowing the use of point source electrical stimulation on embryonic stem (ES) cells to study the effect of physiologically-relevant electrical stimulus. When modulating the amplitude of the stimulus over various differentiation stages of embryonic stem cells, differences in the proportions of cardiomyocytes to embryonic stem cells were observed through quantitative PCR. The use of this technique might have larger applications in understanding molecular pathways towards the regeneration process.
Miniature ultrasonic imager for personal fitness tracking (2015)

A highly integrated low-power ultrasonic imager tracks changes of personal fitness by measuring the thickness of subcutaneous muscle and fat layers. The system combines a transducer fabricated from off-the-shelf PZT with a custom integrated circuit that implements all interface functions including high-voltage generation, beam forming, and and a low noise receiver for sensing and amplifying received echo. A novel transmit driver architecture is key to reducing the power dissipation of the high voltage circuits and enable battery operation. The system is capable of recording up to a depth of 6 cm in human tissue with 2mm depth resolution. Beam forming is used to improve signal strength and image quality in situations where the sensor and target are not parallel.
Trifluoroacetonyl radicals: a versatile approach to trifluoromethyl ketones (1996)

Radical addition of S-trifluoroacetonyl O-neopentyl dithiocarbonate 1c across an alkene occurs smoothly in the presence of a small amount of dilauroyl peroxide as initiator to give variously functionlised trifluoromethyl ketones in good yields.
Heatsink design using spiral-fins considering additive manufacturing (2019)

In recent years, there have been increasing the number of power modules which is required with high performance, miniaturization and weight saving. But these requires cause high heat generation density for power module, which gets junction operation temperature to rise. Cooling unit is thus greatly demanded for high heat dissipation. The simple shaped heatsinks (straight-fin type and pin fin type) were generally used. But they have the limit of cooling performance. In this report, we have developed new heatsink shape to cope with rapidly increasing of the cooling requirement. Cooling performance is shown to thermal resistance and pressure loss. We evaluated them by thermal fluid analysis. In this approach, the spiral-fin heatsink with spiral curved channels has excellent cooling performance. This shape is the unique point in this report. This is because the shape with three-dimensional regular curve has not been studied. The spiral-fin heatsink has many factors (fin thickness, fin pitch, the number of channels, etc.). These factors affect cooler performance. We changed these factors to determine the best shape of spiral-fin. As a result, the best shape is 14.9[%] lower than the straight-fin type in thermal resistance.
Electroosmotic Flow in Microchannels with Nanostructures (2011)

Here we report that nanopillar array structures have an intrinsic ability to suppress electroosmotic flow (EOF). Currently using glass chips for electrophoresis requires laborious surface coating to control EOF, which works as a counterflow to the electrophoresis mobility of negatively charged samples such as DNA and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) denatured proteins. Due to the intrinsic ability of the nanopillar array to suppress the EOF, we carried out electrophoresis of SDS-protein complexes in nanopillar chips without adding any reagent to suppress protein adsorption and the EOF. We also show that the EOF profile inside a nanopillar region was deformed to an inverse parabolic flow. We used a combination of EOF measurements and fluorescence observations to compare EOF in microchannel, nanochannel, and nanopillar array chips. Our results of EOF measurements in micro- and nanochannel chips were in complete agreement with the conventional equation of the EOF mobility (μ(EOF-channel) = αC(i)(-0.5), where C(i) is the bulk concentration of the i-ions and α differs in micro- and nanochannels), whereas EOF in the nanopillar chips did not follow this equation. Therefore we developed a new modified form of the conventional EOF equation, μ(EOF-nanopillar) ≈ β[C(i) - (C(i)(2)/N(i))], where N(i) is the number of sites available to i-ions and β differs for each nanopillar chip because of different spacings or patterns, etc. The modified equation of the EOF mobility that we proposed here was in good agreement with our experimental results. In this equation, we showed that the charge density of the nanopillar region, that is, the total number of nanopillars inside the microchannel, affected the suppression of EOF, and the arrangement of nanopillars into a tilted or square array had no effect on it.
Precise patterning technique for Nb junctions using optical proximity correction (2001)

In the fabrication process of Nb junctions, a precise and reliable lithography technique for a small junction area is needed to realize a wide-operating-margin circuit. We propose a patterning technique for micron or submicron Nb junctions using optical proximity correction (OPC). In the i-line optical lithography process, scattering bars and serifs are added to the photomask patterns for small junction area. Nb junctions ranging in size from 0.5-/spl mu/m square to 2.0-/spl mu/m square were successfully fabricated using this technique. For a square junction pattern, variations of junction critical current and shrinkage of the junction size are improved using OPC.
Image-guided doxorubicin delivery with ultrasound and microbubbles in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma using a diagnostic ultrasound system (2019)

Despite advances in chemotherapeutic drug development, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a <; 30% 5-year survival rate. This poor prognosis can be attributed to the fact that HCC most commonly occurs in patients with pre-existing liver conditions, rendering many systemic options too aggressive. Patient survival rates could be improved by a more targeted approach. Ultrasound and microbubbles can provide a means for overcoming traditional barriers defining drug uptake. The goal of this work was to evaluate preclinical efficacy of image-guided drug delivery of doxorubicin with ultrasound and microbubbles. To this end, therapy settings were created on a Philips EpiQ and S5-1 phased array probe to provide focused sound for treatment. Sonovue was chosen as a clinically approved microbubble. A genetically engineered mouse model was bred and used as a physiologically relevant preclinical analog to human HCC. It was observed that ultrasound and microbubble therapy resulted in enhanced doxorubicin distribution as seen in fluorescent microscopy. Further, immediate vascular shutdown was observed in treated animals. The combination of these effects may be exploited to treat a challenging malignancy.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Tumor Cell–Autonomous SHP2 Contributes to Immune Suppression in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Depletion of SHP2 in tumor cells delays 4T1 pulmonary metastasis in vivo&lt;/p&gt;
The Phase-Transition Morphogenic Model for Oncogeny as a Genotoxic Homeostatic Dysfunction: Interdependence of Modeling, Advanced Measurements, and Numerical Simulation (2004)

dimensional reaction-diffusion equation with the biochemical-reaction term inspired by the well-known physical theory of nonstationary phase transitions of fluids. The model works with populations of cells. It describes both homeostasis and oncogeny (at any of its five main stages) in terms of the cell concentration and the conditions if a tumor is formed or not. It also clearly predicts an inherent connection between chronic inflammation and genotoxically activated oncogeny. The present work analyzes the corresponding interdependence of the above modeling, advanced measurement techniques, and numerical simulation. The focus of the analysis is on the critical concentration of the cells that separates oncogeny from homeostasis and which is affected by the efficiency of the autocrine signaling. We discuss in detail the prospects for the high-precision luminescence-based methods for measuring the oncogeniccell concentration by means of the approaches resulting from [4], [5]. A potential importance of optical effects in intercellular signaling is summarized. The work also explains the advantages of a cohesion of measurements and numerical simulation. In general, the work reports certain practice-relevant strategies, which are in line with the systems-biology integrated approach to oncogeny and cancer studies.
Synthesis and Structure of a 2, 8, 9‐Trioxa‐3, 5, 7‐trisila‐1‐titanaadamantane (2003)

Abstract The title compound has been prepared from [Ti(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )Cl 3 ] and cis‐cis‐( t ‐BuSi(OH)—CH 2 ) 3 in hexane solution in the presence of Et 3 N. The pale yellow complex was characterized by NMR and MS spectra, as well as by a crystal structure determination. The two crystallographic independent molecules in the triclinic unit cell (space group P 1¯, No. 2, Z = 4) both have a nearly identical adamantane‐like TiO 3 Si 3 C 3 cage of approximate C 3v symmetry. The exocyclic C—C—C bond angles in the Cp‐ligand range from 123° to 129°. A quantum chemical calculation of the free molecule predicts this range to be 124° to 127°. The arrangement of the molecules in the crystal is characteristic for an offset face‐to‐face ππ stacking of the aromatic η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 rings.
A REPORT ON SOME OBSERVATIONS WITH A SIMPLIFIED CYTOTOXIC TEST (1962)

Department of Pathology New York University College of Medicine and Sloan-Kettering Institute, S-K Division Cornell University Medical College New York
From data to text in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Using NLG technology for decision support and information management (2009)

Contemporary Neonatal Intensive Care Units collect vast amounts of patient data in various formats, making efficient processing of information by medical professionals difficult. Moreover, different stakeholders in the neonatal scenario, which includ
CSIG-14. COMBINING THE GLIOBLASTOMA CELL MEMBRANE-PERMEABILIZING EFFECT OF TUMOR TREATING FIELDS (TTFIELDS) WITH WITHAFERIN A (AND OTHER) CHEMOTHERAPY (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Efforts are underway to uncover novel, unorthodox therapies against glioblastoma (GBM). Tumor treating fields (TTFields) disrupt mitotic spindle formation and inhibits tumor growth. Combining TTFields with Withaferin A and other therapeutics, synergistically inhibited proliferation. We describe relevant mechanisms. METHODS Human and murine GBM cells (GBM2, GBM39, U87-MG, KR158B) were isolated from primary tumors. Cells were engineered to stably express firefly luciferase (fLuc). Proliferation was assessed by bioluminescence imaging (using D-Luciferin as a substrate for fLuc) or cell counting. Dextran-FITC binding and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were used to probe effects on cellular membranes. RESULTS TTFields (200 kHz, 4 V/cm) significantly inhibited growth of cells (n=3/time point, p≤0.02; 2-way ANOVA, no TTFields vs. TTFields). Combination of Withaferin A or other chemotherapeutics with TTFields significantly inhibited growth of glioma cells synergistically beyond that of Withaferin A or TTFields alone (p&amp;lt; 0.01, at least n=3 experiments). Bioluminescence imaging suggested alterations in membrane configuration when cancer cells were exposed to TTFields. This was validated with observations of greater fluorescence of membrane-associating Dextran-FITC to U87-MG cells that were subjected to TTFields (p&amp;lt; 0.01, 2-way ANOVA, TTFields vs. no TTFields, n=3 experiments). SEM revealed significantly greater and larger number of holes on the membrane surface of TTFields-exposed U87-MG cancer cells (53.5±19.1 holes per field of view and mean size=240.6±91.7 nm2) compared to unexposed cells (23.9±11.0 holes per field of view and mean size=129.8±31.9 nm2, p&amp;lt; 0.005: TTFields exposed vs. non-exposed, n=3 samples, univariate Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION The findings suggest a novel combinatorial approach to treat GBM in a manner that is likely better than single treatment (drug or TTFields) alone and that is synergistic. Synergy is achieved through TTFields inducing increased permeability on membranes thus conferring greater accessibility to drug. Such a strategy is thus a promising candidate for future clinical translation in glioblastoma.