gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular polarization characteristics of one-wavelength L-shaped antenna (2004)

In this paper, we propose a circular polarized antenna, which is one-wavelength L-shaped structure with one feed point. The proposed antenna is composed of two elements, which have slightly different length, and the feed point is arranged on the corner point. The length of the two elements is adjusted and the circular polarization characteristics are calculated by using the moment method. As a result, we make clear the principle of the proposed antenna that the circular polarization can be obtained by adjusting design parameters so that the phase difference of excitation currents on the two elements is in agreement with the included angle between the two elements. Moreover, we make an experiment on a fabricated slot type model of the proposed antenna and demonstrated its favorable impedance matching characteristic. The L-shaped and simple feeding structure of the proposed antenna is suited to be built in the corner of front panel of small radio equipment for wireless LAN systems.
Post occlusive left atrial appendage thrombosis with extension into the left atrium (2014)

A 67-year-old man underwent left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion concomitant with mitral valve surgery and radiofrequency ablation maze procedure. On transoesophageal echocardiography anticipating ablation for left atrial tachycardia, an echodense thrombus was visualised in the LAA location with apparent intracavitary extension into the left atrium. Based on CT imaging findings, the echo represented thrombosis of a large left atrial appendage with probable extension into the left atrium.
Antagonism for a Highly Anthropomorphic Hand–Arm System (2008)

A novel approach to antagonism in robotic systems is introduced and investigated as the basis for an unequalled, highly anthropomorphic hand–arm system currently being developed. This hand–arm system, consisting of a 19-d.o.f. hand and a 7-d.o.f. flexible arm, will be based on antagonistic principles in order to study and mimic the human musculoskeletal system, as well as to advance safety in robotics.
Critical Role for Mast Cell Stat5 Activity in Skin Inflammation (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Here, we show that phospholipase C-β3 (PLC-β3)-deficient mice spontaneously develop AD-like skin lesions and more severe allergen-induced dermatitis than wild-type mice. Mast cells were required for both AD models and remarkably increased in the skin of Plcb3(-/-) mice because of the increased Stat5 and reduced SHP-1 activities. Mast cell-specific deletion of Stat5 gene ameliorated allergen-induced dermatitis, whereas that of Shp1 gene encoding Stat5-inactivating SHP-1 exacerbated it. PLC-β3 regulates the expression of periostin in fibroblasts and TSLP in keratinocytes, two proteins critically involved in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, polymorphisms in PLCB3, SHP1, STAT5A, and STAT5B genes were associated with human AD. Mast cell expression of PLC-β3 was inversely correlated with that of phospho-STAT5, and increased mast cells with high levels of phospho-STAT5 were found in lesional skin of some AD patients. Therefore, STAT5 regulatory mechanisms in mast cells are important for AD pathogenesis.
Photonic packet switching using cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier gates (1992)

In interconnection systems it is desirable first that the optical signals remain optical from source to sink while traversing the switching nodes and, second, that routing is not performed by an electronic overlay network but by self-routing of the optical signal through the switching nodes. Self-routing was demonstrated in combination with optically controlled1,2 and with electrically controlled switching.3,4 Both methods have in common that each data packet is preceded by a packet header or routing tag, which carries the destination information and provides the routing. In electronically controlled switching the packet header of the optical data packet is detected directly at the switching element and electronic processing (strongly localized and therefore fast) of the header information is used to set the switching element into the desired configuration. For the packet payload the switch remains optically transparent. In a switching node, cascading of several such switching elements is required. This paper reports on what we believe to be the first experiments with cascaded self-routing (electronically-controlled) switching elements (called self-routing modules in the following) and on the first bit error rate (BER) measurements involving these self-routing modules.
Targeted proteomics for quantification of histone acetylation in Alzheimer's disease (2012)

The epigenetic remodeling of chromatin histone proteins by acetylation has been the subject of recent investigations searching for biomarkers indicative of late onset cognitive loss. Histone acetylations affect the regulation of gene transcription, and the loss of learning induced deacetylation at specific histone sites may represent biomarkers for memory loss and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selected-reaction-monitoring (SRM) has recently been advanced to quantitate peptides and proteins in complex biological systems. In this paper, we provide evidence that SRM-based targeted proteomics can reliably quantify specific histone acetylations in both AD and control brain by identifying the patterns of H3 K18/K23 acetylations Results of targeted proteomics assays have been validated by Western blot (WB) analysis. As compared with LC-MS/MS-TMT (tandem-mass-tagging) and WB methods, the targeted proteomics method has shown higher throughput, and therefore promised to be more suitable for clinical applications. With this methodology, we find that histone acetylation is significantly lower in AD temporal lobe than found in aged controls. Targeted proteomics warrants increased application for studying epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases.
Use of dual transarticular screws to fixate simultaneous occipitoatlantal and atlantoaxial dislocations (2005)

Occipitoatlantal dislocation and atlantoaxial vertical distraction are caused by similar mechanisms, and few individuals survive these injuries. It is hypothesized that the injurious vertical force manifests as a traumatic lesion at different levels of the same ligamentous complex. The authors report the cases of two patients who presented with this combined lesion, describe surgical alternatives for stabilization, and introduce a new technique that combines the use of transarticular screws in a "dual" construct, without involving the unaffected spine.
P154 PRIMARY NON-RESPONSE TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTAGONISTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INFERIOR RESPONSE TO SECOND-LINE BIOLOGICS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS (2018)

We sought to analyze whether response to second-line biologic varies depending on reason for discontinuation of primary anti-TNF agent (primary non-response [PNR], secondary loss of response [LOR] after initial response, or intolerance), through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Through a systematic search through May 31, 2017, we identified 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of biologics in patients with IBD with prior exposure to anti-TNF agents, that stratified response to second-line therapy by reason for discontinuing primary anti-TNF therapy (PNR vs. LOR vs. intolerance). We estimated relative risk (RR) [and 95% confidence interval (CI)] of achieving clinical remission in patients with PNR as compared to patients with LOR, and intolerance, through random effects meta-analysis. As compared to patients who discontinued prior anti-TNF due to intolerance, patients with prior PNR were 24% less likely to achieve remission with second-line biologics (RR,0.76 [0.61–0.96]) (Figure 1). As compared to patients who discontinued prior anti-TNF due to LOR, patients with prior PNR were 27% less likely to achieve remission with induction therapy with second-line biologics (RR,0.73 [0.56–0.97]), particularly to ustekinumab (RR,0.64 [0.52–0.80]) (Figure 2). There was no difference in response to vedolizumab in patients with prior PNR or LOR to anti-TNF agents (RR,1.16 [0.85–1.58]). Patients with PNR to anti-TNF agents are less likely to respond to second-line biologics, as compared to patients who discontinued therapy due to secondary LOR or intolerance. This may be attributed to underlying pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-TNF agents in patients with PNR.
Functional malignant cell heterogeneity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors revealed by targeting of PDGF-DD (2016)

Intratumoral heterogeneity is an inherent feature of most human cancers and has profound implications for cancer therapy. As a result, there is an emergent need to explore previously unmapped mechanisms regulating distinct subpopulations of tumor cells and to understand their contribution to tumor progression and treatment response. Aberrant platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signaling in cancer has motivated the development of several antagonists currently in clinical use, including imatinib, sunitinib, and sorafenib. The discovery of a novel ligand for PDGFRβ, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-DD, opened the possibility of a previously unidentified signaling pathway involved in tumor development. However, the precise function of PDGF-DD in tumor growth and invasion remains elusive. Here, making use of a newly generated Pdgfd knockout mouse, we reveal a functionally important malignant cell heterogeneity modulated by PDGF-DD signaling in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). Our analyses demonstrate that tumor growth was delayed in the absence of signaling by PDGF-DD. Surprisingly, ablation of PDGF-DD did not affect the vasculature or stroma of PanNET; instead, we found that PDGF-DD stimulated bulk tumor cell proliferation by induction of paracrine mitogenic signaling between heterogeneous malignant cell clones, some of which expressed PDGFRβ. The presence of a subclonal population of tumor cells characterized by PDGFRβ expression was further validated in a cohort of human PanNET. In conclusion, we demonstrate a previously unrecognized heterogeneity in PanNET characterized by signaling through the PDGF-DD/PDGFRβ axis.
Renal Cell Carcinoma With Tumor Thrombus: Is Cytoreductive Nephrectomy For Advanced Disease Associated With An Increased Complication Rate? (2002)

To our knowledge there are no published data comparing surgical complications in patients with metastatic and nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma who have gross tumor thrombus. Cytoreductive surgery in patients with thrombus and metastasis is not associated with an increase in the extent of surgery, morbidity or mortality compared with their counterparts with nonmetastatic disease.
Development of hole-blocking amorphous molecular materials and their application in organic light-emitting diodes (2002)

A novel class of amorphous molecular materials, 1,3,5- tris(4-biphenylyl)benzene (TBB), 1.3.5-tris(4- fluorobiphenyl-4'-yl)benzene(F-TBB), 1,3,5-tris(9,9- dimethylfluoren-2-yl)benzene(TFB), and 1,3,5-tris[4-(9,9- dimethylfluoren-2-yl)phenyl]benzene(TFPB), were found to function as hole-blocking materials in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. 1.3.5-Tris[5- (dimesitylboryl)thiophen-2-yl]benzene(TMB-TB) was also found to function as an electron transporter with better hole- blocking properties relative to tris(8- quinolinolato)aluminum. These materials, which readily form stable amorphous glasses with well-defined glass-transition temperatures, are characterized by relatively high oxidation potentials and large HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. The use of these materials as hole blockers in multilayer organic EL devices permitted efficient blue-violet emission from emitters with hole transporting properties, e.g., N,N'bis(e- methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), N,N'-bis(4-biphenylyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]- 4,4'-diamine(p-BPD), N,N-bis(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2- yl)aniline (F<SUB>2</SUB>PA), N,N'-bis[9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl]- N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (PFFA), and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)-[1,1'- biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine(FFD).
Empowering configurable QoS management in real-time systems (2005)

Current Quality of Service (QoS) management methods in real-time systems using feedback control loop lack support for configurability and reusability as they cannot be configured for a target application or reused across different applications. In this paper we present a method for developing reconfigurable feedback-based QoS management for real-time systems, denoted Re-QoS. By combining component-based design with aspect-oriented software development Re-QoS enables successful handling of crosscutting nature of QoS policies, as well as evolutionary design of real-time systems and QoS management architectures. Re-QoS defines a QoS aspect package, which is an implementation of a set of aspects and components that provide a number of different QoS policies. By adding a QoS aspect package to an existing system without QoS guarantees, we are able to use the same system in unpredictable environments where performance guarantees are essential. Furthermore, by exchanging aspects within the QoS aspect package one can efficiently tailor the QoS management of a real-time system based on the application requirements. We demonstrate the usefulness of the concept on a case study of an embedded real-time database system, called COMET. Using the COMET example we show how a real-time database system can be adapted to be used in different applications with distinct QoS needs.
Megaprimer PCR: Application in Mutagenesis and Gene Fusion (2003)

Since the advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a variety of PCR-based procedures of mutagenesis have been developed through the use of synthetic primers encoding the mutation. Among these, the megaprimer method and related ones (1–5) remain some of the simplest and most versatile. Variations and improvements of the basic technique have been suggested over the past few years; these include a combination of magapriming and overlap extension, improvement of yield, use of single-stranded DNA, avoidance of unwanted mutations arising from nontemplated insertions by Taq polymerase, and the inclusion of various kinds of mutations, including multiple, nonadjacent ones (2–11). The basic method (Fig. 1) requires three oligonucleotide primers and two PCRs (termed PCR-1 and -2 here) using the wild-type DNA as template (1,2,8,10). The “mutant” primer is represented by M and the two “outside” primers by A and B. The M primer may encode a substitution, a deletion, an insertion, or a combination of these mutations, thus providing versatility while using the same basic strategy (10). The frist PCR (PCR-1) is performed using the mutant primer M and one of the outside primers, such as A (Fig. 1). The double-stranded product A-M is purified and used as a primer (hence the name megaprimer; ref. 1) in the second PCR (PCR-2) together with the other outside primer, B. Although both strands of the megaprimer may prime on the respective complementary strands of the template, the fundamental principles of PCR amplification ensure that only the one that extends to the other primer, that is, B in Fig. 1, will be exponentially amplified into the double stranded product in PCR-2.
A phase I multicenter study to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of mRNA-4157 alone in patients with resected solid tumors and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable solid tumors. (2019)

2523 Background: T-cell targeting of mutation-derived epitopes (neoantigens) has been demonstrated to drive anti-tumor responses. Immunizing patients against such neoantigens in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) may elicit greater anti-tumor responses than CPI alone. Mutations are rarely shared between patients, thus requiring a personalized approach to vaccine design. Methods: A phase I dose escalation study of mRNA-4157 as adjuvant monotherapy in patients with resected solid tumors (melanoma, bladder carcinoma, HPV negative HNSCC, NSCLC, SCLC, MSI-High, or TMB High cancers) and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer is being conducted to evaluate safety. mRNA-4157 is a lipid encapsulated personalized vaccine encoding multiple neoantigens selected using a proprietary algorithm designed to induce neoantigen specific T cells and associated anti-tumor responses. Patients may receive up to 9 cycles (Q3W) of mRNA-4157 by intramuscular injection (0.04 – 1 mg). In the combination arm, pembrolizumab (200 mg) is administered for two cycles prior to combination with mRNA-4157; patients may continue pembrolizumab after completion of 9 cycles of combination therapy. Primary end points include safety, tolerability, and recommended phase 2 dose. Results: 33 patients received mRNA-4157; 13 as monotherapy and 20 in combination with pembrolizumab. No DLTs were reported, and treatment related AEs have generally been of low grade and reversible, and no drug related SAEs or AEs ≥ grade 3 have been observed. Of the 13 patients on adjuvant monotherapy (3 melanoma, 8 NSCLC, 2 MSI-High), 12 patients remain disease free on study, median follow-up of 8 months. 20 patients have been treated in combination (1 TMB-high, 4 bladder, 2 HNSCC, 1 melanoma, 7 NSCLC, 2 SCLC, 3 MSI-high), 12 had progressed on prior CPI, 16 have been restaged and there are 1 CR (on pembrolizumab prior to vaccination), 2 PR, 5 SD for at least 5 combination cycles, 5 PD, 2 iuPD, and 1 patient is non-evaluable for response but remains on study. Neoantigen specific T cell responses have been detected by IFN-γ ELISpot from PBMCs. Conclusions: mRNA-4157 is safe and well tolerated at all dose levels tested. Clinical responses have been observed in combination with pembrolizumab and neoantigen-specific T cells have been induced, supporting the advancement of mRNA-4157 to phase 2. Clinical trial information: NCT03313778.
Influence of resolution of the input data on distributed generation integration studies (2014)

One of the main issues concerning large penetration of the renewable energy based generators on the distribution network is related to the voltage variations due to intermittent character of the solar irradiance and wind. The actual power quality standards provide only general information regarding the evaluation procedure of the voltage fluctuations and no directions regarding the sampling frequency of the data used. As a consequence, most of the studies neglect effect of the solar irradiance and wind speed in fast changing conditions on the utility grid. This work proposes a methodology to evaluate the voltage fluctuations into the low voltage distribution network caused by variable generation and reveals the influence of data resolution on the final results. A short review regarding the assessment of the voltage variations is presented in advance and an appropriate model of the power system is build, including the generating units that are capable to operate with high resolution input data. Real parameters for the components of the simulated system are used in order to obtain realistic results.
Adaptive multichannel decision feedback equalization using subarray processing (2012)

The adaptive multichannel Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) has been shown to be an effective algorithm for enabling reliable high rate acoustic communications in complex and time-varying underwater environments. The choice of the number of channels used in an equalizer presents a performance trade-off. The minimal achievable error that can be realized by the equalizer decreases as the number of channels increases. However, an increase in the number of channels increases the number of filter weights that need to be adapted. Thus, the computational complexity of least squares and Kalman type adaptation algorithms is proportional to the number of channels squared. In addition, the averaging interval required by an adaptation algorithm in order to achieve good performance grows linearly with the number of parameters. Thus, an increase in the number of M-DFE channels can reduce the rate of channel fluctuation that can successfully tracked by the M-DFE. The partitioning of an array into sub-arrays which are each independently equalized before combining their outputs can both improve performance and reduce complexity in processing real-world signals. The choice of the size and sensor locations for the subarrays is analyzed. The resulting adaptive subarray multichannel DFE algorithm is compared to other multichannel equalization algorithms.
Principles of N-Linked Glycosylation Variations of IgG-Based Therapeutics: Pharmacokinetic and Functional Considerations (2020)

The development of recombinant therapeutic proteins has been a major revolution in modern medicine. Therapeutic-based monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are growing rapidly, providing a potential class of human pharmaceuticals that can improve the management of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions. Most mAbs are typically of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, and they are glycosylated at the conserved asparagine position 297 (Asn-297) in the CH2 domain of the Fc region. Post-translational modifications here account for the observed high heterogeneity of glycoforms that may or not impact the stability, pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and immunogenicity of mAbs. These modifications are also critical for the Fc receptor binding, and consequently, key antibody effector functions including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Moreover, mAbs produced in non-human cells express oligosaccharides that are not normally found in serum IgGs might lead to immunogenicity issues when administered to patients. This review summarizes our understanding of the terminal sugar residues, such as mannose, sialic acids, fucose, or galactose, which influence therapeutic mAbs either positively or negatively in this regard. This review also discusses mannosylation, which has significant undesirable effects on the PK of glycoproteins, causing a decreased mAbs' half-life. Moreover, terminal galactose residues can enhance CDC activities and Fc-C1q interactions, and core fucose can decrease ADCC and Fc-FcγRs binding. To optimize the therapeutic use of mAbs, glycoengineering strategies are used to reduce glyco-heterogeneity of mAbs, increase their safety profile, and improve the therapeutic efficacy of these important reagents.
The nucleotide sequence of a major glutamine tRNA from rat liver (1983)

A major glutamine tRNA from rat liver was purified. Post-labeling techniques showed its nucleotide sequence to be: pG-G-U-U-C-C-A-U-m(1)G-G-U-G-psi-A-A-D-Gm-G-D-D-A-G-C-A-C-U-C-U-G-G-A-Cm-U-C-U-G-A-A-psi-C-C-A-G-C-G-A-U-m(5)C-m(5)C-G-A-G-psi-psi-C-A-m(1)A-A-U-C-U-C-G-G-U-G-G-A-A-C-C-U-C-C-A(OH).Images
Dynamics of Magnetic Domain Walls Under Their Own Inertia (2010)

The motion of magnetic domain walls induced by spin-polarized current has considerable potential for use in magnetic memory and logic devices. Key to the success of these devices is the precise positioning of individual domain walls along magnetic nanowires, using current pulses. We show that domain walls move surprisingly long distances of several micrometers and relax over several tens of nanoseconds, under their own inertia, when the current stimulus is removed. We also show that the net distance traveled by the domain wall is exactly proportional to the current pulse length because of the lag derived from its acceleration at the onset of the pulse. Thus, independent of its inertia, a domain wall can be accurately positioned using properly timed current pulses.