gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-aware link adaptation for MIMO-OFDM based wireless communication (2008)

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems provide the user with additional degrees of freedom over traditional single antenna (SISO) system to enable optimum transmission. This paper focuses on quantifying the maximum energy efficiency of &#x201C;mode-rich&#x201D; MIMO wireless communication systems. We consider a MIMO-OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) based software defined radio (SDR) where the user is allowed to dynamically change various system parameters such as bandwidth, transmit power, constellation size, channel coding rate, decoding algorithm, and MIMO antenna configurations. Based on these parameters, standard geometric programming problems are formulated to optimize energy efficiency of the system given quality of service (QoS) constraints. The result is a comprehensive MIMO link adaptation strategy that can optimally match the communication mode to the user QoS requirement and the channel condition. Results show that an optimized MIMO system can provide an order of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency over a static strategy.
Effect of Water Quality and Water Type on the Heat Transfer in DC Casting (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Conclusions Acknowledgment
Adaptive optics with an AOA WaveScope wavefront sensor and an OKOTechnologies membrane mirror (1998)

Adaptive Optics Associates (AOA) has recently developed a commercial Shack-Hartmann wavefront senor called WaveScope for use in optical testing and adaptive optics. The sensor head and associated wavefront analysis software are a powerful and highly flexible combination. Wavefront data can be manipulated and displayed using Tk/Tcl commands and AOA's own atomic functions. To demonstrate this over the last month we have integrated a deformable mirror manufactured by OKOTechnologies into WaveScope. All the software necessary to control the mirror and perform closed loop adaptive optics was written in the Tk/Tcl scripting language which ships with WaveScope. The result is a low cost integrated adaptive optics system.
Enhanced flocculation activity of polyacrylamide‐based flocculant for purification of industrial wastewater (2019)

The flocculation activity of commercially available anionic poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid), p (AAm‐co‐AA) has been significantly improved, without any inorganic coagulant aid. The effect of three types of surfactants, anionic sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) (Palm Epimen), nonionic cocamide DEA, zwitterionic amphoteric Amphotensid B5, and one organic cation, trimethylammonium bromide (TAB) on coagulation/flocculation performance have been investigated. The performance has been analysed in terms of turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), total iron (TI) content, and BTEX for treating two kinds of industrial wastewater, produced water (PW) and starch water. We have shown that adding a small amount of each of the studied surfactants, and especially cationic TAB, significantly increases the coagulation/flocculation performance without modifying pH levels. A combination of low dosage of flocculant (310 ppb) and TAB (310 ppb), after 5 minutes, presented 88%, 81%, and 62% reduction in turbidity, TSS, and TI content, respectively, whereas by using 5 ppm of flocculant alone (16 times more), only 76%, 75%, and 43% removal was obtained. The results reveal that TAB performs as an efficient coagulant booster. Compared with regular inorganic coagulants, it is more cost‐effective, reduces the consumption of treatment chemicals, and the pH‐dependency of contaminants removal.
Zfp36 family members redundantly protect against T cell-mediated autoinflammation and premature mortality (2021)

Abstract Cytokine production must be tightly regulated in order to prevent auto-inflammatory diseases. The zinc finger 36 (Zfp36) family of RNA-binding proteins, including Zfp36, Zfp36l1, and Zfp36l2, are known to negatively regulate mRNA stability or translation of many transcripts, including cytokines. Polymorphisms in ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have been identified in GWAS studies of a variety of human autoimmune diseases, necessitating understanding their functions. While there are reports of all three family members regulating T cell cytokine production, delineating the exact functions of these genes is challenging due to spontaneous phenotypes upon global deletion of single genes and potential redundancy in their functions. To overcome this, we generated Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36fl/fl Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice. Only upon triple deletion, but not individual or paired deletions, do mice spontaneously develop an inflammatory disease characterized by early mortality and immune cell infiltration into various organs, including the central nervous system, kidneys, and liver. These mice have drastically elevated levels of many cytokines in their sera. RNA-sequencing reveals that deleted T cells are enriched in gene pathways involving inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate a novel redundancy of the Zfp36 family members in regulating T cell homeostasis and suppressing cytokine-driven inflammation. We are investigating the mechanisms and mRNA targets that control this phenotype. Understanding the individual and redundant functions of the Zfp36 family members may lead to opportunities to target them for suppression of T cell-driven autoimmunity or for activating anti-tumor and anti-pathogen T cell responses.
Supplementary Data 4 from Blocking Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy in Tumors Restores Cytotoxic T-Cell Activity and Promotes Regression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2.10 MB&lt;/p&gt;
Chiral Fibers for Harsh Environments (2009)

Periodic Chiral fibers produced by twisting optical fibers can be fashioned from glasses selected for their robustness in harsh environments. For example, temperature sensors produced by twisting pure silica microstructured fiber operate beyond 1000 C.
Elliptical and spherical heads show similar obligate glenohumeral translation during axial rotation in total shoulder arthroplasty (2022)

Abstract Background Elliptical shape humeral head prostheses have been recently proposed to reflect a more anatomic shoulder replacement. However, its effect on obligate glenohumeral translation during axial rotation compared to a standard spherical head is still not well understood. The purpose of the study was to compare obligate humeral translation during axial rotation using spherical and elliptical shaped humeral head prostheses. It was hypothesized that the spherical head design would show significantly more obligate translation when compared to the elliptical design. Methods Six fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were utilized for biomechanical testing of internal (IR) and external (ER) rotation at various levels of abduction (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°) with lines of pull along each of the rotator cuff muscles. Each specimen underwent the following three conditions: (1) native; total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) using (2) an elliptical and (3) spherical humeral head implant. Obligate translation during IR and ER was quantified using a 3-dimensional digitizer. The radius of curvature of the superoinferior and anteroposterior dimensions of the implants was calculated across each condition. Results Posterior and inferior translation of spherical and elliptical heads during ER was similar at all abduction angles (P &gt; 0.05, respectively). Compared to the native humeral head, both implants demonstrated significantly decreased posterior translation at 45° (elliptical: P = 0.003; spherical: P = 0.004) and 60° of abduction (elliptical: P &lt; 0.001; spherical: P &lt; 0.001). During internal rotation at 0° abduction, the spherical head showed significantly more compound motion (P = 0.042) compared to the elliptical head. The spherical implant also demonstrated increased anterior translation and compound motion during internal rotation at 60° abduction (P &lt; 0.001) compared to the resting state. This difference was not significant for the native or elliptical head design at this angle (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions In the setting of TSA, elliptical and spherical head implants showed similar obligate translation during axial rotation. A gained understanding of the consequences of implant head shape in TSA may guide future surgical implant choice for better recreation of native shoulder kinematics and potentially improved patient outcomes. Level of Evidence Controlled Laboratory Study
Detection and discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphisms by quantification of CRISPR-Cas catalytic efficiency (2022)

ABSTRACT The specificity of CRISPR-Cas12 assays is attractive for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) implicated in, e.g ., SARS-CoV-2 variants. Such assays often employ endpoint measurements of SNP or wild type (WT) activated Cas12 trans -cleavage activity; however, the fundamental kinetic effects of SNP versus WT activation remain unknown. We here show that endpoint-based assays are limited by arbitrary experimental choices (like used reporter concentration and assay duration) and work best for known target concentrations. More importantly, we show that SNP (versus WT) activation results in measurable shifts in the Cas12 trans -cleavage substrate affinity ( K M ) and apparent catalytic efficiency . To address endpoint-based assay limitations, we then develop an assay based on the quantification of Michalis-Menten parameters and apply this assay to a 20-base pair WT target of the SARS-CoV-2 E gene. We find that the measured for WT is 130-fold greater than the lowest among all 60 measured SNPs (compared to a 4.8-fold for endpoint fluorescence of the same SNP). K M also offers strong ability to distinguish SNPs, varies 27-fold over all the cases, and is insensitive to target concentration. Lastly, we point out trends among kinetic rates and SNP base and location within the CRISPR-Cas12 targeted region.
Preface: Data Science for Social Good (2017)

Data Science for Social GoodA new movement has slowly been building momentum within the community of data scientists.Increasingly, individuals and groups with data science expertise are working with social change organizations on the toughest challenges facing humanity.This issue of the IBM Journal of Research and Development presents 12 research papers that capture the zeitgeist of the data-for-good movement.Social responsibility is as old a concept as human civilization, and technological development has always been with an eye toward societal benefit.With industrialization, however, there came a division between for-profit companies leading the way in developing technology and nonprofits leading the way in serving society.The for-profits created corporate social responsibility arms that donated money, products, and volunteer labor to nonprofits but did not directly engage with them to jointly understand social problems and jointly work on the science to create solutions.The data-for-good movement is attempting to change the equation by convening collaborations among leading technologists and leading social-impact workers, with a focus on the ubiquitous resource of today: digital information.Certain industries and sectors have taken advantage of the big data era more quickly and reaped the benefits through descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics.However, despite dealing with the problems most important for humanity, being the leaders in open data, and having a fact-based heritage, organizations and agencies in the social and public sectors are not yet utilizing advanced data science techniques as much as they could.The papers herein describe some initial steps to change the status quo.What subject matter areas constitute social good?In September 2015, the member states of the United Nations adopted an ambitious set of 17 global goals to be achieved by the year 2030 that provide a comprehensive framework for answering the question.This sustainable development agenda includes (using the shorthand notation at the un.org website): no poverty; zero hunger; good health and well-being; quality education; gender equality; clean water and sanitation; affordable and clean energy; decent work and economic growth; industry, innovation, and infrastructure; reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land; peace, justice, and strong institutions; and partnerships for the goals.What technical problems arise when using data science to investigate these areas?Monitoring and evaluating initiatives via surveys and basic statistical tests has a long tradition in social policy and practice.Supervised machine learning methodologies may be used for prediction and early warning.Causal inference and operations research
Theory of Colloids (2020)

The use of colloids in the pharmaceutical sciences has grown rapidly over the last several decades and is expected to accelerate in the future. One area of importance is the newly developed polypeptide chemotherapeutic agents and their delivery in the form of colloidal dispersions by convenient methods of administration. A second area is the use of colloidal dispersions for drug delivery, which was reviewed recently. A third area of importance is the use of colloidal systems as pharmaceutical excipients, product components, vehicles, and carriers. Water-based polymer latexes have found application in a wide range of pharmaceutical-coating applications. The chapter reviews the underlying principles of colloidal science, in particular, the adsorption of ionic surfactants and the electrostatic stabilization of colloidal sols and dispersions; the adsorption of nonionic surfactants and the steric stabilization of colloidal sols and dispersions; the preparation of pseudolatexes by emulsification.
Acetylene-linked conjugated polymers for sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water (2021)

Acetylene-linked conjugated organic polymers have shown potential as photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water and their performance was studied by varying building blocks systematically.
In vivo loading model to examine bone adaptation in humans: A pilot study (2013)

ABSTRACT Bone is typically well suited for its habitual loading environment because of its ability to adapt. Although characteristics of the mechanical loading environment predict the bone adaptive response in animals, this has not been prospectively validated in humans. Here, we describe an in vivo loading model in which women apply forces to the radius by leaning onto their hand. We characterized the strain environment imposed on the radius using cadaveric experimentation and conducted a prospective study in which 19 adult women loaded their distal radii 50 cycles/day, 3 days/week, for 28 weeks and seven additional adult women served as controls. In four cadaveric specimens, loading caused compressive principal strains of −1,695 ± 396 μϵ with radial bending dorsally and towards the ulna. Prospective in vivo loading produced measurable improvements to bone and appeared to protect against bone loss associated with seasonal fluctuations in physical activity and sun exposure. Experimental subjects had significant gains to bone volume (BV) and moments of inertia, while, control subjects had significant losses in BMC and moments of inertia. The loading model is thus suitable as a model system for exploring bone adaptation in humans, and may eventually be clinically useful for strengthening the radius of women. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1406–1413, 2013.
Correction of adversarial errors in networks (2005)

We design codes to transmit information over a network, some subset of which is controlled by a malicious adversary. The computationally unbounded, hidden adversary knows the message to be transmitted, and can observe and change information over the part of the network being controlled. The network nodes do not share resources such as shared randomness or a private key. We first consider a unicast problem in a network with |epsiv parallel, unit-capacity, directed edges. The rate-region has two parts. If the adversary controls a fraction p < 0.5 of the |epsiv edges, the maximal throughput equals (1 - p) |epsiv|. We describe low-complexity codes that achieve this rate-region. We then extend these results to investigate more general multicast problems in directed, acyclic networks
LRRC15 Is a Novel Mesenchymal Protein and Stromal Target for Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2018)

Progress in understanding tumor stromal biology has been constrained in part because cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a heterogeneous population with limited cell-type-specific protein markers. Using RNA expression profiling, we identified the membrane protein leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) as highly expressed in multiple solid tumor indications with limited normal tissue expression. LRRC15 was expressed on stromal fibroblasts in many solid tumors (e.g., breast, head and neck, lung, pancreatic) as well as directly on a subset of cancer cells of mesenchymal origin (e.g., sarcoma, melanoma, glioblastoma). LRRC15 expression was induced by TGFβ on activated fibroblasts (αSMA<sup>+</sup>) and on mesenchymal stem cells. These collective findings suggested LRRC15 as a novel CAF and mesenchymal marker with utility as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers with LRRC15-positive stromal desmoplasia or cancers of mesenchymal origin. ABBV-085 is a monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)-containing antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed against LRRC15, and it demonstrated robust preclinical efficacy against LRRC15 stromal-positive/cancer-negative, and LRRC15 cancer-positive models as a monotherapy, or in combination with standard-of-care therapies. ABBV-085's unique mechanism of action relied upon the cell-permeable properties of MMAE to preferentially kill cancer cells over LRRC15-positive CAF while also increasing immune infiltrate (e.g., F4/80<sup>+</sup> macrophages) in the tumor microenvironment. In summary, these findings validate LRRC15 as a novel therapeutic target in multiple solid tumor indications and support the ongoing clinical development of the LRRC15-targeted ADC ABBV-085.<b>Significance:</b> These findings identify LRRC15 as a new marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancers of mesenchymal origin and provide preclinical evidence for the efficacy of an antibody-drug conjugate targeting the tumor stroma. <i>Cancer Res; 78(14); 4059-72. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Electronic structure of Bi2CuO4 with antiferromagnetic spin ordering (2008)

The electronic structure of antiferromagnetic Bi2CuO4 is calculated by using generalized gradient approximation considering on-site Coulomb interaction between d-electrons (GGA+U). The GGA+U calculation indicates clearly that the antiferromagnetic phase is the stablest among non-magnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. By using U parameter (7.48 eV) and J parameter (0.95 eV), the band gap energy of Bi2CuO4 is calculated to be ca. 2.4 eV, which is comparable to the experimental one. The valence band maximum is approximately located at the X-point and the conduction band minimum at the Γ-point. This means that antiferromagnetic Bi2CuO4 is an indirect energy gap material. The calculated total density of states of Bi2CuO4 well corresponds to the state density experimentally deduced by x-ray photoelectron and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Also, it is found from the partial density of states analysis that the top of the valence band is mainly formed by O 2p orbitals, whereas the lower conduction band mainly consists of Cu 3dx2-y2 orbitals. The magnetic moment at Cu sites is calculated to be 0.72 μB, which is close to experimental values.
Space division multiplexing in access networks (2015)

Space division multiplexing (SDM) has received a lot of attention in the past years, as it is seen as the final frontier of fiber optic capacity improvement for long haul transmission. Its use in access networks is even more interesting, due to the different design optimization goals in access versus transport. This paper explores some of the applications of SDM in access that have the potential for early adoption.
Arthropod orientation in choice chambers as a Markov chain (1980)

ABSTRACT. A Markov model of arthropod locomotor behaviour in choice chambers is presented. In the model, the compartments of the choice chamber and the movements of the animals from one compartment to another are treated as the states and the state transitions of a Markov chain, respectively. The model allows one to calculate the transition probabilities and the equilibrium distribution of animals in a choice chamber from direct measurements of displacement speeds and boundary turning reactions in each compartment. The compartment preferences (i.e. the proportion of time spent in each compartment) in two‐compartment choice chambers were found to be strongly correlated with the predictions of the model. Klinokinesis is suggested to have negligible significance in some of the experiments reviewed. An equation is given to evaluate quantitatively the relative strength of kinetic and tactic components in the overall preference in the choice chamber; this assessment has not previously been possible.
Osteogenic Protein-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Synergistically Stimulate Rat Osteoblastic Cell Differentiation and Proliferation1 (1997)

Previous studies have shown that osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1; also known as BMP-7) alters the steady state levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in primary cultures of fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells. In the present study, the effects of exogenous IGF-I on bone cell differentiation and mineralized bone nodule formation induced by OP-1 were examined. Exogenous IGF-I synergistically and dose dependently enhanced OP-1 action in stimulating [3H]thymidine incorporation, alkaline phosphatase activity, PTH-dependent cAMP level, and bone nodule formation. Maximal synergism between OP-1 and IGF-I was observed when both factors were added simultaneously. Synergism was not observed when FRC cells were pretreated with IGF-I for 24 h, followed by OP-1 treatment. These findings suggest that IGF-I acted on OP-1-sensitized FRC cells. To examine the mechanism(s) by which this sensitization may occur, levels of mRNA encoding OP-1 receptor, IGF-I receptor, and IGFBPs were measured. The mRNA levels of both type I and II OP-1 receptors were elevated by OP-1, but were not changed further by combined OP-1 and IGF-I treatment. IGF-I receptor gene expression was not changed by OP-1, IGF-I, or a combination of both factors. OP-1 alone or together with IGF-I increased the steady state IGFBP-3 mRNA level and reduced the steady state mRNA levels of IGFBP-4, -5, and -6. IGF-I alone did not change the steady state mRNA levels of IGFBP-3, -4, and -6, but elevated that of IGFBP-5. Des(1-3)-IGF-I, which has a lower affinity for IGFBPs, was more effective than the full-length IGF-I in enhancing the OP-1-induced alkaline phosphatase activity. Exogenous IGFBP-5 inhibited the OP-1-induced alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced the synergistic stimulatory effect of IGF-I and OP-1. These findings strongly suggest that the OP-1-induced down-regulation of IGFBPs, especially that of IGFBP-5, is an important mechanism by which OP-1 and IGF-I synergize to stimulate FRC cell differentiation.
The cryptographic security of truncated linearly related variables (1985)

In this paper we describe a polynomial time algorithm for computing the values of variables x1, … xk when some of their bits and some linear relationships between them are known. The algorithm is essentially optimal in its use of information in the sense that it can be applied as soon as the values of the xi become uniquely determined by the constraints. Its cryptanalytic significance is demonstrated by two applications: breaking linear congruential generators whose outputs are truncated, and breaking Blum's protocol for exchanging secrets.