gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Tissue Tropism and Pathogenesis in Sheep and Goats following Experimental Infection (2014)

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease which primarily affects small ruminants, causing significant economic losses for the livestock industry in developing countries. It is endemic in Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and the Indian sub-continent. The primary hosts for peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) are goats and sheep; however recent models studying the pathology, disease progression and viremia of PPRV have focused primarily on goat models. This study evaluates the tissue tropism and pathogenesis of PPR following experimental infection of sheep and goats using a quantitative time-course study. Upon infection with a virulent strain of PPRV, both sheep and goats developed clinical signs and lesions typical of PPR, although sheep displayed milder clinical disease compared to goats. Tissue tropism of PPRV was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Lymph nodes, lymphoid tissue and digestive tract organs were the predominant sites of virus replication. The results presented in this study provide models for the comparative evaluation of PPRV pathogenesis and tissue tropism in both sheep and goats. These models are suitable for the establishment of experimental parameters necessary for the evaluation of vaccines, as well as further studies into PPRV-host interactions.
The application of the cyclic coherence for distributed planet fault detection in planetary gears (2018)

The vibration-based condition monitoring of planetary gears is a highly active and challenging field of research. Many signal processing techniques have been proposed, with the aim of promoting the fault component in the signal and, consequently, highlighting the fault signature (ie the damage symptom). Most of these techniques consider the fault contribution as being deterministic, which is true in the case of an advanced and localised fault. Such techniques may fail in other scenarios in which, for instance, the fault is of a distributed nature and its vibrational component is weak. In such a case, the fault component is likely to be randomised and turns cyclostationary. The present paper suggests the presence of an additional cyclostationary component in planetary gear vibrations. The presence of this component is explained by the presence of load fluctuations at the meshing points and the random micro-irregularity in the stiffness of gear components, as well as the presence of distributed faults. A simplified signal model is proposed to explain the vibration signal structure of healthy and faulty planetary gears (with a planet fault in the case of the faulty gear). Also, a cyclostationary-based condition monitoring approach is proposed, based on the cyclic coherence. The proposed approach is validated on real-world vibration signals acquired from a planetary gear benchmark.
Transparent and Freestanding Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Films Synthesized Directly and Continuously via a Blown Aerosol Technique (2020)

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are promising materials as flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs). Here, inspired by the extrusion blown plastic film technique and the SWCNT synthesis approach by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD), a novel blown aerosol chemical vapor deposition (BACVD) method is reported to directly and continuously produce freestanding SWCNT TCFs at several hundred meters per hour. The synthesis mechanism, involving blowing a stable aerosol bubble and transforming the bubble into an aerogel, is investigated, and a general phase diagram is established for this method. For the SWCNT TCFs via BACVD, both carbon conversion efficiency and SWCNT TCF yield can reach three orders of magnitude higher than those with the conventional FCCVD. The film displays a sheet resistance of 40 ohm sq<sup>-1</sup> at 90% transmittance after being doped, representing the record performance based on large-scale SWCNT films. Transparent, flexible, and stretchable electrodes based on BACVD films are demonstrated. Moreover, this high-throughput method of producing SWCNT TCFs can be compatible with the roll-to-roll process for mass production of flexible displays, touch screens, solar cells, and solid-state lighting, and is expected to have a broad and long-term impact on many fields from consumer electronics to energy conversion and generation.
Unblocking Stolen Mobile Devices Using SS7-MAP Vulnerabilities: Exploiting the Relationship between IMEI and IMSI for EIR Access (2015)

The increase in usage of mobile phones and the relative increase in the number of mobile phone thefts have imposed an overhead on securely retrieving the stolen or missing devices. While the mobile security researchers try to figure out various mechanisms to track such devices, attackers on the other hand are trying to exploit weaknesses in the mobile network system to dissipate into the dark side with stolen devices. In this paper, we present how the SS7- MAP protocol can be misused to help an attacker to unblock the device from the stolen list and use it normally.
The future of online social interactions (2008)

Blogs, wikis, tagging, podcasts, and social networking websites such as MySpace, Facebook, Flickr and YouTube have radically changed user interactions on the World Wide Web from a static, one-way, consumption model to a dynamic, multi-way, participation model. Broad user power and flexibility have changed how people engage in and experience their interconnections, interests, and collaborations. Online social interactions will evolve in the next decade to address the growing needs of its user community and make entries into many aspects of our lives. This evolution may very well be among the most exciting ones of our times where the individual and collective power of people to contribute and share content, experiences, ideas, expertise etc. may be even more enhanced than it is today. The enhancement may be shaped through a better understanding of user needs and behavior and it may be enabled through the seamless convergence of multi-modal technologies, new applications, new domains, data mining and better navigational and search capabilities. Some of these changes will also permeate into the workplace and change the way we work. This panel will discuss how online social interactions may evolve in the next decade and what impact it may have on diverse dimensions in our world.
Characterization of immune responses during infection with Mycobacterium avium strains 100, 101 and the recently sequenced 104 (2002)

Mycobacterium avium strain 104 was chosen as the M. avium isolate to sequence, as it is virulent to humans, stable and readily transfectable. As this strain has not been widely studied we sought to investigate the pattern of 104 infection in mice. Bacterial growth and the immune response generated were compared with infection with the low virulence M. avium strain 100, and the high virulence common laboratory strain, 101. Mycobacterium avium strains 104 and 101 grew progressively within mice, while strain 100 was gradually cleared. Strains 104 and 101 induced strong T cell activation and spleen cell cultures produced similar levels of IFN-gamma. In mice infected with strain 100 no significant T cell activation or IFN-gamma production was measured. Further, mice infected with strain 104 or 101 also displayed comparable inflammatory responses and similar granuloma formation, while only minimal inflammation was seen in mice infected with strain 100. Strains 101 and 104 also grew in a similar fashion in bone-marrow-derived macrophages and induced significant levels of TNF and nitric oxide. Thus infection with M. avium strain 104 induced an immunological response comparable to M. avium strain 101 and, with the availability of its sequence, should be a useful tool for designing new vaccines or drugs therapies to treat the increasing incidence of M. avium infection in humans.
Seven naturally variant loci serve as genetic modifiers of Lamc2jeb induced non-Herlitz junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa in mice (2023)

Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic disorders that compromise the structural integrity of the skin such that blisters and subsequent erosions occur after minor trauma. While primary genetic risk of all subforms of EB adhere to Mendelian patterns of inheritance, their clinical presentations and severities can vary greatly, implying genetic modifiers. The Lamc2jeb mouse model of non-Herlitz junctional EB (JEB-nH) demonstrated that genetic modifiers can contribute substantially to the phenotypic variability of JEB and likely other forms of EB. The innocuous changes in an 'EB related gene', Col17a1, have shown it to be a dominant modifier of Lamc2jeb. This work identifies six additional Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) that modify disease in Lamc2jeb/jeb mice. Three QTL include other known 'EB related genes', with the strongest modifier effect mapping to a region including the epidermal hemi-desmosomal structural gene dystonin (Dst-e/Bpag1-e). Three other QTL map to intervals devoid of known EB-associated genes. Of these, one contains the nuclear receptor coactivator Ppargc1a as its primary candidate and the others contain related genes Pparg and Igf1, suggesting modifier pathways. These results, demonstrating the potent disease modifying effects of normally innocuous genetic variants, greatly expand the landscape of genetic modifiers of EB and therapeutic approaches that may be applied.
Energy Transfer Studies of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: Characterizing the Interface in Polyacrylate−Polyurethane IPNs (1999)

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of polyurethane (PU) and polyacrylate (PA) were prepared to give very small domains (ca. 20 nm) of PA dispersed in a PU matrix. In these samples the PU phase is labeled with phenanthrene, a donor for energy transfer experiments, and the PA phase is labeled with anthracene, the corresponding acceptor. Direct nonradiative energy transfer from phenanthrene to anthracene was used to study the IPN morphology. The interface and mixing between the microphases were analyzed in terms of a Helfand and Tagami (H−T) profile, which is commonly used to describe the interface in polymer blend systems. Exact fluorescence theoretical decay profiles were calculated according to the H−T profiles in a restricted geometry. Experimental fluorescence decays were compared to the theoretical decays, and the interface thickness was recovered. At the level of the model we used in our analysis, we found strong similarities between these IPNs and traditional polymer blends.
Hole Cleaning and Cement Design for Specific Formation Types (2003)

Abstract This paper describes a new design procedure developed to help effectively remove drilling fluid components, particularly thick layers of partially dehydrated filter cake, from the casing/wellbore annulus after the fluid has been exposed to downhole conditions, including, temperature, pressure, fluid loss, and static time. This new methodology can be conducted in any properly equipped cementing and drilling fluids laboratory. To isolate the zones of a well and allow a reservoir to be produced safely and economically, drilling fluid and drill cuttings should be removed from the annulus and replaced by a competent cement sheath that bonds and seals the casing to the wellbore. Simple laboratory tests performed with commercially available testing devices help the designer evaluate the cleaning efficiency of flushes, spacers, and surfactants under simulated downhole conditions. These tests can determine the following parameters: Force required to mobilize the drilling fluid Chemical effects of preflushes and/or spacers used for mud removal and filter-cake removal and their effect on filter-cake permeability These parameters, combined with a mathematical model that helps determine the fluid properties and annular velocities required to effectively remove drilling fluid, provide a realistic simulation of the displacement process. Case histories and well logs illustrate how the displacement process can be significantly improved when designers use a procedure that includes the following steps: Conduct laboratory tests. Run a mathematical simulation model. Design fluids to address issues such as cementing across unconsolidated and/or high-permeability formations.
Comparison of crystal structure interactions and thermodynamics for stabilizing mutations in the Tetrahymena ribozyme (2006)

Although general mechanisms of RNA folding and catalysis have been elucidated, little is known about how ribozymes achieve structural stability at high temperature. A previous in vitro evolution experiment identified a small number of mutations that significantly increase the thermostability of the tertiary structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. Because we also determined the crystal structure of this thermostable ribozyme, we have for the first time the opportunity to compare the structural interactions and thermodynamic contributions of individual nucleotides in a ribozyme. We investigated the contribution of five mutations to thermostability by using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Unlike the case with several well-studied proteins, the effects of individual mutations on thermostability of this RNA were highly context dependent. The three most important mutations for thermostability were actually destabilizing in the wild-type background. A269G and A304G contributed to stability only when present as a pair, consistent with their proximity in the ribozyme structure. In an evolutionary context, this work supports and extends the idea that one advantage of protein enzyme systems over an RNA world is the ability of proteins to accumulate stabilizing single-site mutations, whereas RNA may often require much rarer double mutations to improve the stability of both its tertiary and secondary structures.
Upper limits to near-field radiative heat transfer: generalizing the blackbody concept (2016)

For 75 years it has been known that radiative heat transfer can exceed far-field blackbody rates when two bodies are separated by less than a thermal wavelength. Yet an open question has remained: what is the maximum achievable radiative transfer rate? Here we describe basic energy-conservation principles that answer this question, yielding upper bounds that depend on the temperatures, material susceptibilities, and separation distance, but which encompass all geometries. The simple structures studied to date fall far short of the bounds, offering the possibility for significant future enhancement, with ramifications for experimental studies as well as thermophotovoltaic applications.
High genetic diversity of Mycospaherella graminicola (Zymoseptoria tritici) from a single wheat field in Tunisia as revealed by SSR markers (2013)

Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity of Mycosphaerella graminicola at a micro geographical scale in Tunisia. Forty five (45) isolates were sampled and assessed using seven pairs of single-locus microsatellite primers not previously tested on populations of M. graminicola in Tunisia. Genetic diversity of the field population ranged from 0.403 to 0.555 with an average of 0.484. A high level of genetic diversity was found at a sharp scale throughout the pathogen population tested. Among 45 isolates sampled, 39 different multi locus genotypes (MLG) were identified. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) showed that 86% of the isolates tested were distinct. The high degree of DNA polymorphism, the large number of different molecular genotypes and the pattern of cluster analysis suggest that sexual ascospores and/or asexual spores of a highly mutable local population could have contributed to the genetic diversity of M. graminicola in Tunisia. Keywords : Durum wheat, genetic diversity, microsatellites, Mycosphaerella graminicola , micro geographical scale, Tunisia African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(12), pp. 1344-1349
Employing deep learning method to predict global head-related transfer functions from scanned head geometry (2021)

We propose an HRTF personalization method in which a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed to learn subjects' HRTFs from the scanned geometry of their heads. The trained model can then be employed to predict the global HRTF set (for all directions) from the subject's head scan data alone. In our trial, the HUTUBS HRTF database was used as the training set. A truncated spherical harmonic expansion of head scan data was used to preserve the boundary shape features that are important in the acoustic scattering process. Each HRTF for a given subject also was represented by a truncated spherical harmonic expansion. The SHT coefficients of the scanned head geometry and the HRTFs serve as training data for a CNN that subsequently can be used to predict HRTFs from geometric scan data. A leave-one-out validation with log-spectral distortion (LSD) metric was used for evaluation. The results show a decent LSD level at both spatial &amp; temporal dimensions compared to the ground truth, and have lower LSD than the finite element acoustic simulation of HRTFs that the database provides. In continuing work, we are validating the prediction results in listener tests.
Comparing Machine Learning Approaches for Table Recognition in Historical Register Books (2018)

We present in this paper experiments on Table Recognition in hand-written register books. We first explain how the problem of row and column detection is modelled, and then compare two Machine Learning approaches (Conditional Random Field and Graph Convolutional Network) for detecting these table elements. Evaluation was conducted on death records provided by the Archives of the Diocese of Passau. With an F-1 score of 89, both methods provide a quality which allows for Information Extraction. Software and dataset are open source/data.
AnApplication oftheNaccache-Stern Knapsack Cryptosystem toBiometric Authentication * (2007)

fromthemeasured databefore integrating itinto cryptographic protocols. Typically, thesamerepresentation can Wefocus onprivacy concerns while dealing with biomet- beobtained iftherawbiometric data over thetimeareclose rics authentication. Ouraimisthat nobiometrics should be enough inacertain metric space. Thisidea hasledtoavery leaked during theauthentication andthat its storage should rich literature inrecent years. In[6], Davida andFrankel besecure. Namely, wewanttobeabletosecurely match introduce theidea ofusing error correcting codes torecover twobiometric templates bycomputing aHammingdistancebiometric errors intheHammingspace. ThenJuels and inasecure way.Wepropose anewsecurity modelfor apply- Wattenberg [11] giveadifferent construction called fuzzy ingbiometrics toauthentication purposes, andconstruct a commitment orfuzzy sketch (later on,[10]describe the newbiometric authentication scheme byexploiting somein- notion offuzzy vault whichcanbeinterpreted asafuzzy teresting properties ofanewversion oftheNaccache-Stern sketch forthesetdifference metric). Thesefuzzy sketches knapsack public keyencryption system. Ourscheme enjoys (andfuzzy vault) areformalized byDodis etal. [7]andused anumberofappealing properties, especially, humanusers forremote biometric authentication byBoyenetal.[2]. arenotrequired tostore anysecret.
The Na+/e− stoichiometry of the Na+‐motive NADH : quinone oxidoreductase in Vibrio alginolyticus (1997)

A method is proposed to estimate the stoichiometries of primary Na+-pumps in intact bacterial cells. It is based on technique when the H+/e- stoichiometry is measured in the presence of protophorous uncoupler and in the absence of penetrating ions other than H+. Under these conditions, the H+ influx discharges membrane potential generated by the Na+ pump so the Na+/e- and H+/e- ratios become equal. Using this approach it is shown that the Na+/e- ratio for the Na+-motive NADH:quinone oxidoreductase of Vibrio alginolyticus is equal to 0.71 +/- 0.06. The Na+/e- stoichiometry appears to be approximately 1, provided that the contribution of the non-coupled NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, which is resistant to low HQNO concentrations, is taken into account.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Resistance to Irreversible EGF Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors through a Multistep Mechanism Involving the IGF1R Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 220k, OSI-906 restores sensitivity to PF299804 and WZ4002 in the PFR and WZR cells&lt;/p&gt;
Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for fialuridine: initial assessment of pharmacokinetics after single oral doses to healthy volunteers (1994)

Fialuridine (FIAU) is a halogen-substituted analog of thymidine that was undergoing clinical investigation as a drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B viral infection. However, clinical trials of FIAU were terminated after adverse events occurred following chronic oral administration. Prior to the termination of clinical trials, a sensitive assay was needed for the measurement of FIAU because of the anticipated low dose administered to patients. We therefore undertook the development of a radioimmunoassay (RIA). A specific antiserum was raised in rabbits following immunization with a 5'-O-hemisuccinate analog of FIAU coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Radiolabeled FIAU was synthesized by a destannylation procedure by using sodium [125I]iodide. We developed a competitive-binding procedure and used precipitation with polyethylene glycol as the method for separating the bound and free forms of FIAU. The RIA is sensitive (0.2 ng/ml), specific (negligible interference from known metabolites and endogenous nucleosides), and reproducible (interassay coefficients of variation range from 5 to 19.7% for serum controls). We used the RIA to assess the pharmacokinetics of FIAU in healthy adult volunteers following administration of a single 5-mg oral dose. The sensitivity of the RIA permitted the detection of a prolonged elimination phase for FIAU in healthy volunteers and dogs, with mean elimination half-lives of 29.3 and 35.3 h, respectively. We conclude the RIA is a valid method for the quantification of FIAU in biological fluids.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Collaboration of Kras and Androgen Receptor Signaling Stimulates EZH2 Expression and Tumor-Propagating Cells in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 152K, Synergy of Kras(G12D) and AR in generating advanced prostate tumors from FACS sorted primary cells.&lt;/p&gt;