gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the effective Bs0→K+K− lifetime (2012)

A precise determination of the effective Bs0→K+K- lifetime can be used to constrain contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model in the Bs0 meson system. Conventional approaches select B meson decay products that are significantly displaced from the B meson production vertex. As a consequence, B mesons with low decay times are suppressed, introducing a bias to the decay time spectrum which must be corrected. This analysis uses a technique that explicitly avoids a lifetime bias by using a neural network based trigger and event selection. Using 1.0 fb-1 of data recorded by the LHCb experiment, the effective Bs0→K+K- lifetime is measured as 1.455±0.046(stat.)±0.006(syst.)ps. © 2012 CERN.
Embedded Three-Bit ECC for Emerging Memories (2016)

Emerging Memories (EMs) could benefit from Error Correcting Codes (ECCs) able to correct few errors in a few nanoseconds. The low latency is necessary to meet the DRAM-like and/or eXecuted-in-Place requirements of Storage Class Memory devices. In this paper we design an ECC decoder of a shortened BCH code with 256-data-bit page able to correct three errors in less than 3 ns. The tight latency constraint is met by precomputing the coefficients of carefully chosen Error Locator Polynomials, by optimizing the operations in the Galois Fields and by resorting to a fully parallel combinatorial implementation of the decoder. The latency and the area occupancy are first estimated based on the number of elementary gates.Eventually,the implementation of the solution by Synopsys topographical synthesis methodology in 54nm logic gate length CMOS technology gives a latency lower than 3ns and a total area less than250 · 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Canada, 2001-2003 (2005)

Invasive Hib infections remain rare in Canada, with most cases occurring in children too young to have completed the primary series. Protection after vaccination appears to extend into later childhood and does not appear to be diminished by coadministration of newer infant vaccines.
A genetically inducible porcine model of intestinal cancer (2017)

Transgenic porcine cancer models bring novel possibilities for research. Their physical similarities with humans enable the use of surgical procedures and treatment approaches used for patients, which facilitates clinical translation. Here, we aimed to develop an inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer. Transgenic (TG) minipigs were generated using somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. The pigs encode two TG cassettes: (a) an Flp recombinase-inducible oncogene cassette containing KRAS-G12D, cMYC, SV40LT - which inhibits p53 - and pRB and (b) a 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)-inducible Flp recombinase activator cassette controlled by the intestinal epithelium-specific villin promoter. Thirteen viable transgenic minipigs were born. The ability of 4-OHT to activate the oncogene cassette was confirmed in vitro in TG colonic organoids and ex vivo in tissue biopsies obtained by colonoscopy. In order to provide proof of principle that the oncogene cassette could also successfully be activated in vivo, three pigs were perorally treated with 400 mg tamoxifen for 2 × 5 days. After two months, one pig developed a duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with a lymph node metastasis. Molecular analysis of the carcinoma and metastasis confirmed activation of the oncogene cassette. No tumor formation was observed in untreated TG pigs or in the remaining two treated pigs. The latter indicates that tamoxifen delivery can probably be improved. In summary, we have generated a novel inducible oncopig model of intestinal cancer, which has the ability to form metastatic disease already two months after induction. The model may be helpful in bridging the gap between basic research and clinical usage. It opens new venues for longitudinal studies of tumor development and evolution, for preclinical assessment of new anticancer regimens, for pharmacology and toxicology assessments, as well as for studies into biological mechanisms of tumor formation and metastasis.
A Consideration on Inertia-Ratio and Vibration Control of Two-Inertia System. Effectiveness of Vibration Suppression of Driving Ripple. (2003)

Most Industrial robots are driven through reduction gears such as harmonic drives and RV gears. Since the exibility of the drive system, the vibratory behavior is caused duringthe operation. When the exibility is considered, the drive system of the robot joint can be modeled as a resonant mechanical system called two-inertia system. Two-inertia systems are the vibratory systems that have poles on/near the imaginary axis. Acceleration feedback and torque feedback are known as the vibration control methods of two-inertia systems. In this paper, we consider the two-inertia system with the feedbacks of motor-acceleration, load-acceleration and torsion-torque. It is shown that each feedback works to control the inertia-ratio of two-inertia system. Then, the control performances are compared. Torsion vibration in robot joint, which occurs owingto the accuracy of components and assembly error of gears at a certain speed of rotation, becomes a problem. In order to suppress the torsion vibration, each feedback is applied to the robot arm. As a result, the torsion vibrations are suppressed e ectively.
Constituents of Mediterranean Spices Counteracting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation: Identification and Characterization of Rosmarinic Acid Methyl Ester as a Novel Inhibitor (2018)

RAME represses PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation in vitro and reduces neointima formation in vivo. These results recommend RAME as an interesting compound with VSMC-inhibiting potential. Future metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies might help to further evaluate the potential relevance of RAME and other spice-derived polyphenolics for vasoprotection.
iCarMa (2016)

Ubiquity of smartphones with array of inbuilt sensors, pave ways to inexpensive mobile-health systems, particularly for cardio-vascular health monitoring. Smartphones, wearable sensors, and body area sensors play an important role as a part of Internet of Things (IoT) m-health ecosystem. In this paper, we present iCarMa to enable an inexpensive auto-triggered arrhythmia cardiac management solution catering the need of in-house, round-the-clock cardiac health monitoring. It facilitates early detection of fatal cardiac conditions like asystole, extreme bradycardia, extreme tachycardia, ventricular flutter and ventricular tachycardia, which often compel an individual to get admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Smartphone or wearable sensor extracted photoplethysmogram (PPG) is the sole physiological signal that is considered to characterize the cardiac anomalous events. Our main novelty is to precisely detect and remove the motion artifacts in PPG signals and to ensure accuracy in arrhythmia condition detection, specifically to reduce the false negative alarms. We establish the efficacy of proposed solution, iCarMa by large set of experiments with field-collected and MIT-Physionet PPG signals.
Thermoelectric Materials: Accelerated Screening of Thermoelectric Materials by First‐Principles Computations of Electron–Phonon Scattering (Adv. Energy Mater. 20/2018) (2018)

In article number 1800246, Boris Kozinsky and Georgy Samsonidze introduce an efficient approach for first-principles prediction of thermoelectric transport and use it to calculate electronic transport properties of semiconductors, starting from energy-dependent electronic relaxation times due to electron–phonon scattering. The method enables computational screening of a wide range of half-Heusler alloy compositions and discovery of new material compositions.
Silicon nitride/silicon oxynitride/silicon dioxide thin film multilayer characterized by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (1992)

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) was used to nondestructively characterize a silicon nitride (Si3N4)/silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) thin film multilayer structure, in which Si3N4 and SiOxNy layers were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, respectively. The measured VASE spectra (3500–8200 Å) were analyzed with an appropriate multilayer fitting model, in which the SiOxNy layer was modeled, in the Bruggeman effective medium approximation (EMA), to be a physical mixture of two distinct phases, SiO2 and Si3N4. Remarkably good agreement between the measured spectra and the model calculations was obtained, indicating that the EMA and the fitting model were appropriate for the data analysis. As a result, the three layer thicknesses, compositions, and the optical constants of SiOxNy layer at several spots across the sample were determined. The thickness values obtained by VASE were in very good agreement with those measured by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy.
Normal Incidence Intersubband Absorption in GaN/AlN Superlattices Grown on Facet-Controlled Epitaxial Lateral Overgrown GaN/Sapphire Templates (2007)

GaN/AlN superlattice structures along the (1122) facet were grown on facet-controlled epitaxial lateral overgrown (FACELO) GaN/sapphire templates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The as-grown GaN/AlN superlattice shows abrupt interfaces and good periodicity, as characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The intersubband transition peak at a wavelength of 1.9 µm was observed for an AlN (1.5 nm)/GaN (1 nm) superlattice grown on the FACELO GaN (1122) facet with the propagation direction of the incident light normal to the (0001) facet of sapphire, called the normal incidence condition. The full width at half-maximum of the absorption peak is as narrow as 65 meV, implying the high quality of the interfaces, good thickness uniformity, and the reduced polarization effect in the structures. This result shows the promising feasibility for realizing two-dimensional (2D) arrays of nitride-based quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) using GaN/AlN superlattices grown on FACELO GaN/sapphire templates.
Tyrosine Kinase BMX Phosphorylates Phosphotyrosine-Primed Motif Mediating the Activation of Multiple Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (2013)

The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase BMX (bone marrow tyrosine kinase gene on chromosome X) is abundant in various cell types and activated downstream of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and the kinase Src, but its substrates are unknown. Positional scanning peptide library screening revealed a marked preference for a priming phosphorylated tyrosine (pY) in the -1 position, indicating that BMX substrates may include multiple tyrosine kinases that are fully activated by pYpY sites in the kinase domain. BMX phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Tyr⁵⁷⁷ subsequent to its Src-mediated phosphorylation at Tyr⁵⁷⁶. Loss of BMX by RNA interference or by genetic deletion in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) markedly impaired FAK activity. Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in the kinase domain at Tyr¹¹⁸⁹ and Tyr¹¹⁹⁰, as well as Tyr¹¹⁸⁵, and downstream phosphorylation of the kinase AKT at Thr³⁰⁸ were similarly impaired by BMX deficiency. However, insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT at Ser⁴⁷³ was not impaired in Bmx knockout MEFs or liver tissue from Bmx knockout mice, which also showed increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, possibly because of decreased abundance of the phosphatase PHLPP (PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase). Thus, by identifying the pYpY motif as a substrate for BMX, our findings suggest that BMX functions as a central regulator among multiple signaling pathways mediated by tyrosine kinases.
Reversible 3D-2D structural phase transition and giant electronic modulation in nonequilibrium alloy semiconductor, lead-tin-selenide (2021)

Material properties depend largely on the dimensionality of the crystal structures and the associated electronic structures. If the crystal-structure dimensionality can be switched reversibly in the same material, then a drastic property change may be controllable. Here, we propose a design route for a direct three-dimensional (3D) to 2D structural phase transition, demonstrating an example in (Pb<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> Sn <i><sub>x</sub></i> )Se alloy system, where Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Sn<sup>2+</sup> have similar <i>n</i>s<sup>2</sup> pseudo-closed shell configurations, but the former stabilizes the 3D rock-salt-type structure while the latter a 2D layered structure. However, this system has no direct phase boundary between these crystal structures under thermal equilibrium. We succeeded in inducing the direct 3D-2D structural phase transition in (Pb<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> Sn <i><sub>x</sub></i> )Se alloy epitaxial films by using a nonequilibrium growth technique. Reversible giant electronic property change was attained at <i>x</i> ~ 0.5 originating in the abrupt band structure switch from gapless Dirac-like state to semiconducting state.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Figures S1-S8&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamic Anomalography: Tracking Network Anomalies Via Sparsity and Low Rank (2012)

In the backbone of large-scale networks, origin-to-destination (OD) traffic flows experience abrupt unusual changes known as traffic volume anomalies, which can result in congestion and limit the extent to which end-user quality of service requirements are met. As a means of maintaining seamless end-user experience in dynamic environments, as well as for ensuring network security, this paper deals with a crucial network monitoring task termed dynamic anomalography. Given link traffic measurements (noisy superpositions of unobserved OD flows) periodically acquired by backbone routers, the goal is to construct an estimated map of anomalies in real time, and thus summarize the network `health state' along both the flow and time dimensions. Leveraging the low intrinsic-dimensionality of OD flows and the sparse nature of anomalies, a novel online estimator is proposed based on an exponentially-weighted least-squares criterion regularized with the sparsity-promoting <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm of the anomalies, and the nuclear norm of the nominal traffic matrix. After recasting the non-separable nuclear norm into a form amenable to online optimization, a real-time algorithm for dynamic anomalography is developed and its convergence established under simplifying technical assumptions. For operational conditions where computational complexity reductions are at a premium, a lightweight stochastic gradient algorithm based on Nesterov's acceleration technique is developed as well. Comprehensive numerical tests with both synthetic and real network data corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed online algorithms and their tracking capabilities, and demonstrate that they outperform state-of-the-art approaches developed to diagnose traffic anomalies.
On the Interaction between Protein L and Immunoglobulins of Various Mammalian Species (1993)

Protein L, a cell wall molecule of certain strains of the anaerobic bacterial species Peptostreptococcus magnus, shows high affinity for human immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains. In the present study protein L was tested against a panel of human myeloma proteins of the IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE classes, and strong binding was seen with antibodies carrying kappa light chains. A high degree of specificity for Ig was demonstrated in binding experiments with human plasma proteins. Apart from human Ig, strong protein L-binding activity was also detected in the serum of 12 out of 23 tested additional mammalian species, including other primates and rodents. Subsequent analysis with purified Ig samples demonstrated the binding of protein L to Ig of important laboratory animal species such as the mouse, the rat and the rabbit. The affinity constants for the interactions between protein L and polyclonal IgG of these species were 2.6 x 10(9), 3.9 x 10(8) and 7.4 x 10(7), respectively. In non-human species, the binding of protein L was also found to be mediated through Ig light chains, and the results demonstrate the potential value of protein L as an immunochemical tool.
Cooperative localization in wireless networked systems (2007)

A novel solution for the localization of wireless networked systems is presented. The solution is based on cooperative estimation, inter-node ranging and strap-down inertial navigation. This approach overrides limitations that are commonly found in currently available localization/positioning solutions. Some solutions, such as GPS, make use of previously deployed infrastructure. In other methods, computations are performed in a central fusion center. In the robotics field, current localization techniques rely on a simultaneous localization and mapping, (SLAM), process, which is slow and requires sensors such as laser range finders or cameras. 
One of the main attributes of this research is the holistic view of the problem and a systems-engineering approach, which begins with analyzing requirements and establishing metrics for localization. The all encompassing approach provides for concurrent consideration and integration of several aspects of the localization problem, from sensor fusion algorithms for position estimation to the communication protocols required for enabling cooperative localization. As a result, a conceptual solution is presented, which is flexible, general and one that can be adapted to a variety of application scenarios. A major advantage of the solution resides in the utilization of wireless network interfaces for communications and for exteroceptive sensing. In addition, the localization solution can be seamlessly integrated into other localization schemes, which will provide faster convergence, higher accuracy and less latency. 
Two case-studies for developing the main aspects of cooperative localization were employed. Wireless sensor networks and multi-robot systems, composed of ground robots, provided an information base from which this research was launched. In the wireless sensor network field, novel nonlinear cooperative estimation algorithms are proposed for sequential position estimation. In the field of multi-robot systems the issues of mobility and proprioception, which uses inertial measurement systems for estimating motion, are contemplated. Motion information, in conjunction with range information and communications, can be used for accurate localization and tracking of mobile nodes. A novel partitioning of the sensor fusion problem is presented, which combines an extended Kalman filter for dead-reckoning and particle filters for aiding navigation.
Kinematics and Inverse Kinematics for the Humanoid Robot HUBO2 (2013)

This paper derives the forward and inverse kinematics&#13;\nof a humanoid robot. The specific humanoid that the&#13;\nderivation is for is a robot with 27 degrees of freedom but&#13;\nthe procedure can be easily applied to other similar humanoid&#13;\nplatforms. First, the forward and inverse kinematics are derived&#13;\nfor the arms and legs. Then, the kinematics for the torso and&#13;\nthe head are solved. Finally, the forward and inverse kinematic&#13;\nsolutions for the whole body are derived using the kinematics of&#13;\narms, legs, torso, and head.
A novel Qos-aware MAC scheme using optimal retransmission for wireless networks (2009)

This paper proposes a novel medium access control scheme for low cost, single-hop wireless networks where the source nodes have a transmitter module but no receiver module and hence they can only transmit data to a sink but cannot receive any control signals, like an ACK or NAK, from any other node. The goal of the proposed scheme is to provide QoS (in terms of packet delivery probability) to the nodes in such a network, where the existing schemes like polling or scheduled transmissions, CSMA and ARQ will be ineffective because of the unavailability of a receiver module at the nodes. The proposed scheme uses distributed control and allows the nodes to transmit each packet an optimal number of times at random instants in time within the packet generation interval. We define two optimization problems based on minimizing total network traffic and maximizing the delivery probability of the class of nodes requiring the highest QoS, respectively, and develop mathematical formulae and efficient algorithms to solve them. Numerical analysis and simulation results show that our scheme can provide high QoS to networks of different sizes.
Investigation on Optimum Coding and Multiplexing Schemes for L1/L2 Control Signals in OFDM based Evolved UTRA Downlink (2007)

This paper presents the optimum channel coding and multiplexing schemes for Layer 1 (Ll)/Layer 2 (L2) control signals for OFDM based radio access in the Evolved UTRA downlink. Simulation results show that separate channel coding of downlink-related L1/L2 control signals is superior to joint coding among simultaneous accessing user equipments (UEs), from the viewpoint of the required total symbol energy of the L1/L2 control signals. The results also show that time division multiplexing (TDM) based multiplexing associated with transmission time interval (TTI)-by-TTI frame format control employing a control channel format indicator (CCFI) achieves almost the same cell throughput as that for frequency division multiplexing (FDM). Therefore, considering the advantages of TDM such as the possibility of a power saving effect through micro-sleep operation and a short control loop delays for scheduling, adaptive modulation and coding, and hybrid ARQ, we conclude that TDM based multiplexing of L1/L2 control signals with a shared data channel is superior to using FDM based multiplexing.
Josephson diode effect from Cooper pair momentum in a topological semimetal (2022)

Cooper pairs in non-centrosymmetric superconductors can acquire finite centre-of-mass momentum in the presence of an external magnetic field. Recent theory predicts that such finite-momentum pairing can lead to an asymmetric critical current, where a dissipationless supercurrent can flow along one direction but not in the opposite one. Here we report the discovery of a giant Josephson diode effect in Josephson junctions formed from a type-II Dirac semimetal, NiTe<sub>2</sub>. A distinguishing feature is that the asymmetry in the critical current depends sensitively on the magnitude and direction of an applied magnetic field and achieves its maximum value when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the current and is of the order of just 10 mT. Moreover, the asymmetry changes sign several times with an increasing field. These characteristic features are accounted for by a model based on finite-momentum Cooper pairing that largely originates from the Zeeman shift of spin-helical topological surface states. The finite pairing momentum is further established, and its value determined, from the evolution of the interference pattern under an in-plane magnetic field. The observed giant magnitude of the asymmetry in critical current and the clear exposition of its underlying mechanism paves the way to build novel superconducting computing devices using the Josephson diode effect.