gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four-Equation Turbulence Model for Prediction of the Turbulent Boundary Layer affected by Buoyancy Force over a Flat Plate (1984)

Turbulent convective heat transfer with appreciable buoyancy effect over a heated or cooled horizontal flat plate is numerically analyzed by solving four equations for mean square temperature variance @, its rate of destruction so, turbulent kinetic energy k and the rate of kinetic energy dissipation E. Turbulent time-scale ratio R of temperature fluctuations relative to velocity fluctuations defined by (p/+)/(2k/&) is found to vary widely across the boundary layer. For both highly stable and highly unstable conditions, the 'four- equation'model yields better results for mean temperature profile and surface heat flux than the two-equation model. It is also found that the magnitude of thermal von Karman constant KBis not a universal constant but it depends on the thermal stratification of the boundary layer.
Periostin Links Skin Inflammation to Melanoma Progression in Humans and Mice (2019)

It is widely accepted that chronic inflammation initiates and promotes carcinogenesis and tumor progression in various cell types. However, this paradigm has not been comprehensively investigated in melanoma. To investigate the effects of chronic inflammation on the progression of melanoma, we established a murine inflammatory skin model and investigated the relationship between skin inflammation and melanoma progression. In a murine model, B16F10 melanoma cells in inflamed skin grew significantly more rapidly than cells in control skin. The stromal expression of periostin was upregulated in inflamed skin, and significantly more CD163⁺ M2 macrophages were recruited to the melanomas in inflamed skin. We then immunohistologically examined the expression of stromal periostin and the infiltration of CD163⁺ M2 macrophages in human acral lentiginous melanomas (<i>n</i> = 94) and analyzed the statistical associations with clinicopathological variables. In human melanomas, high periostin expression and a large number of infiltrated M2 macrophages were significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we confirmed that periostin promotes the proliferation of murine and human melanoma cells in vitro. Our findings indicate that periostin and M2 macrophages play a critical role in melanoma progression and prognosis in both humans and mice, indicating that periostin is a potential target for treating progressive melanoma.
An experimental and theoretical investigation into the reflection spectra of SmC* and SmCA* phases (2003)

Analysis of the reflection spectra of chiral smectic liquid crystal phases is used to provide detailed information on physical parameters, including refractive indices, helicoidal pitch and tilt angle. Numerical models of the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases are constructed, based on a 4 × 4 matrix technique, and a downhill simplex algorithm is employed to fit the model to reflection spectra measured from free-standing films of the materials of interest. The temperature dependence of the refractive indices, dispersion, tilt angle and pitch are reported for three different liquid crystalline materials. The accuracy of the fitting method is around 1%, better than the experimental error, and this is confirmed by comparison of the parameters determined by the fitting program with those measured by independent methods.
Photostability in dioxyheterocycle electrochromic polymers (2015)

An examination of photo- and photo-oxidative stability in conjugated dioxyheterocycle polymers.
Design and comparison of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors with non‐uniform airgap and conventional rotor for electric vehicle applications (2014)

In recent years, electric mobility is becoming a growing reality because of the increase of the oil demand and cost as well as the environmental effect of the conventional internal combustion engines. Since about a decade, in the USA, a public–private cooperative research initiative, called FreedomCAR (US Drive by mid 2012) has been working for developing high efficiency and cost competitive technologies for the electrification of private transport. This research presents the design and the comparison of two high performance, radial magnetisation, interior permanent magnets and synchronous motors, according to the FreedomCAR targets, equipped with different rotor shape geometries. The first is characterised by a non‐uniform airgap, whereas the second presents a conventional rotor shape. Both the machines are equipped with the same stator and a fractional slot concentrated winding. This paper highlights the benefits for using a non‐uniform airgap rotor design, especially concerning the efficiency, that represents the most difficult target to be satisfied.
High-Pressure Gel Loader for Capillary Array Electrophoresis Microchannel Plates (2001)

Microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (microCAE) microchannel plates are the next generation of bioanalytical separation devices. To fully exploit the capabilities of microCAE devices, supporting technology such as robotic sample loading, gel loading, microplate washing, and data analysis must be developed. Here, we describe a device for loading gel into radial capillary array electrophoresis microplates and for plate washing and drying. The microplates are locked into a loading module, and high-pressure helium is used to drive aqueous separation media or wash solutions into the microchannels through fixtures connected to the central anode reservoir. Microplates are rapidly (30 s to 5 min) loaded with separation media, such as 3%-4.8% linear polyacrylamide or 0.7%-3.0% hydroxyethyl cellulose, for electrophoresis. The effective and rapid gel-filling and plate-cleaning methods together with short electrophoretic analysis times (2-30 min) make microCAE systems versatile and powerful nucleic acid analysis platforms.
Blind Compressed Sensing Over a Structured Union of Subspaces (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of simultaneous signal recovery and dictionary learning based on compressive measurements. Multiple signals are analyzed jointly, with multiple sensing matrices, under the assumption that the unknown signals come from a union of a small number of disjoint subspaces. This problem is important, for instance, in image inpainting applications, in which the multiple signals are constituted by (incomplete) image patches taken from the overall image. This work extends standard dictionary learning and block-sparse dictionary optimization, by considering compressive measurements, e.g., incomplete data). Previous work on blind compressed sensing is also generalized by using multiple sensing matrices and relaxing some of the restrictions on the learned dictionary. Drawing on results developed in the context of matrix completion, it is proven that both the dictionary and signals can be recovered with high probability from compressed measurements. The solution is unique up to block permutations and invertible linear transformations of the dictionary atoms. The recovery is contingent on the number of measurements per signal and the number of signals being sufficiently large; bounds are derived for these quantities. In addition, this paper presents a computationally practical algorithm that performs dictionary learning and signal recovery, and establishes conditions for its convergence to a local optimum. Experimental results for image inpainting demonstrate the capabilities of the method.
Neuroendocrine Regulation and Metabolism of Glucose and Lipids in Primary Chronic Insomnia: A Prospective Case-Control Study (2013)

Healthy women with clinically diagnosed primary chronic insomnia demonstrate a dysregulation of circadian cortisol secretion despite normal sleep continuity and architecture. Increased midnight cortisol levels, however, were not associated with impaired metabolism of glucose and lipids.
A CD138‐independent strategy to detect minimal residual disease and circulating tumour cells in multiple myeloma (2016)

CD138 (also termed SDC1) has been the gold-standard surface marker to detect multiple myeloma (MM) cells for decades; however, drug-resistant residual and circulating MM cells were shown to have lower expression of this marker. In this study, we have shown that residual MM cells following bortezomib treatment are hypoxic. This combination of drug exposure and hypoxia down-regulates their CD138 expression, thereby making this marker unsuitable for detecting residual or other hypoxic MM cells, such as circulating tumour cells, in MM. Hence, we developed an alternative biomarker set which detects myeloma cells independent of their hypoxic and CD138 expression status in vitro, in vivo and in primary MM patients. The new markers were able to identify a clonal CD138-negative population as minimal residual disease in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of MM patients. Further investigation to characterize the role of this population as a prognostic marker in MM is warranted.
Novel Drug Product to Improve Joint Motion and Function and Reduce Pain After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2008)

The clinical benefits of OMS103HP in this study were reduced postoperative pain; improved postoperative knee motion, quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, and knee function; and earlier return to work as measured by surgeons, nurses, and physical therapists across repeated clinic visits and rehabilitation sessions and recorded by patients in daily diaries. The drug was well tolerated.
Kitaev'sZd-code threshold estimates (2013)

We study the quantum error correction threshold of Kitaev's toric code over the group ${\mathbb{Z}}_{d}$ subject to a generalized bit-flip noise. This problem requires special decoding techniques, and for this purpose we generalize the renormalization-group method we introduced previously [G. Duclos-Cianci and D. Poulin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 050504 (2010) and IEEE Information Theory Workshop, Dublin (2010), p. 1] for ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ topological codes.
Precision Extruding Deposition of Polycaprolactone and Composite Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2006)

Precision Extruding Deposition (PED) process wasused to directly fabricate Polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL/Hydroxyapatite (HA) composite tissue scaffolds. HA powder wasmelt blended with PCL, a biodegradable polymer. Scaffolds with controlled pore size porosity were fabricated. The scaffold morphology and the mechanical properties were evaluated using SEM and mechanical testing. In vivo biological studies were conducted to investigate the cellular responses of the PCLscaffolds. Results and characterizations demonstrate the viabilityof the PED process as well as the good mechanical property, structural integrity, controlled pore size, pore interconnectivity, and the biological compatibility of the fabricated scaffolds.
Affine Masking against Higher-Order Side Channel Analysis. (2010)

In the last decade, an effort has been made by the research community to find efficient ways to thwart side channel analysis (SCA) against physical implementations of cryptographic algorithms. A common countermeasure for implementations of block ciphers is Boolean masking which randomizes by the bitwise addition of one or several random value(s) to the variables to be protected. However, advanced techniques called higher-order SCA attacks exist that overcome such a countermeasure. These attacks are greatly favored by the very nature of Boolean masking. In this paper, we revisit the affine masking initially introduced by Von Willich in 2001 as an alternative to Boolean masking. We show how to apply it to AES at the cost of a small timing overhead compared to Boolean masking. We then conduct an in-depth analysis pinpointing the leakage reduction implied by affine masking. Our results clearly show that the proposed scheme provides an excellent performance-security trade-off to protect AES against higher-order SCA.
Adaptive Interference Management of OFDMA Femtocells for Co-Channel Deployment (2011)

Femtocell technology has been drawing considerable attention as a cost-effective means of extending cellular coverage and enhancing capacity as well as realizing its potential, when combined with orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), for improved indoor broadband wireless services. However, under the expected co-channel deployment of femto- and macro-cells, femtocells may incur high uplink interference to macrocells, and vice versa. To mitigate this interference, we propose a distributed and self-organizing femtocell management architecture, called the Complementary TRi-control Loops (CTRL), that consists of three control loops to determine (1) maximum transmit power of femtocell users based on the fed-back macrocell load margin for protection of the macrocell uplink communications; (2) target signal to interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) of femtocell users to reach a Nash equilibrium; and (3) instantaneous transmit power of femtocell users to achieve the target SINRs against bursty interference from other nearby users. CTRL requires neither special hardware nor change to the radio resource management (RRM) of existing macrocells, thus facilitating non-disruptive (hence seamless) penetration of femtocells. Also, CTRL guarantees convergence in the presence of environmental changes and delayed feedback. Our evaluation has shown CTRL to successfully preserve the macrocell users' service quality under highly dynamic user transmission conditions and be able to make a tradeoff between macrocell and femtocell capacities.
Recent advances in deterministic low-cost finishing of sapphire windows (2005)

There is an increasing demand for large sapphire windows for a number of defense related programs. Some of these emerging requirements call for windows that are on the order of half a meter in size with tight surface figure and transmitted wavefront requirements. Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF<sup>&reg;</sup>) is a deterministic polishing process capable of rapidly converging to the required surface figure. MRF finishing of sapphire has been demonstrated with surface accuracies better than 0.07 &#956;m peak-to-valley (0.010 &#956;m RMS) and surface microroughness less than 1.0 nm RMS on circular and square apertures. As a sub-aperture polishing technique, MRF provides a mechanism for effectively addressing and correcting a variety of optical surface features. This is of particular interest when correcting the transmitted wavefront on windows. The process allows for correction of the optical wavefront when it is aberrated due to inhomogeneity in the material in addition to the errors in the surface. Another benefit is that MRF has been shown to remove subsurface damage left from prior fabrication steps and can improve surface roughness of pre-polished sapphire. We report on a predictable, lower-cost process for fabricating large-scale sapphire windows.
Toward a Thermally Robust Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate (2007)

The work presented here describes the first steps toward designing a thermally robust surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate with the potential to conduct in situ monitoring of catalytic reactions. Nanosphere lithography (NSL) fabricated SERS substrates were coated with thin (0.2−1.0 nm) films of atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3. The thermal stability of these substrates was examined at various temperatures (100−500 °C) and over time (up to 6 h) in nitrogen. The results showed that ALD Al2O3 coated nanoparticles maintained their original geometry significantly better than the bare Ag nanoparticles. While experiments showed that thicker ALD Al2O3 coatings resulted in the most stable nanoparticle structure, ALD Al2O3 coatings as thin as 0.2 nm resulted in thermally robust nanostructures as well. Additionally, the ALD Al2O3 coated nanoparticles were heated under propane to mimic reaction conditions. These experiments showed that while the nanoparticle geometries were not as stable under reducing atmosphere conditions, they were much more stable than uncoated nanoparticles and therefore have the potential to be used for SERS monitoring of reactions conducted at elevated temperatures.
Aperiodic pulse-modulation technique to reduce peak EMI in impedance-source DC-DC converters (2017)

The use of wide-bandgap (WBG) devices in power converters provides several advantages in terms of efficiency, power density and low cooling requirements. However, a potential unwanted side-effect is the increased electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, the basis of which is the high di/dt and dv/dt realized by the characteristic sharp rise and fall switching offered by the WBG power switches. To suppress the EMI, this paper presents a generic framework for the generation of an aperiodic carrier signal, which can be extended to drive multiple switched power converters. The aperiodic modulation scheme is implemented in a MATLAB Simulink environment and realized on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) development board through an auto-code generation feature offered by a hardware description language (HDL) coder. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed aperiodic modulation methodology has been tested on a quasi-Z-source DC-DC converter. A 9 dB suppression in the peak conducted EMI emissions was demonstrated with no adverse impact on the voltage gain and efficiency of the power converter.
Investigation of Multidimensional Electrothermal Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement on Lithium Ion Battery Cell (2015)

Because of the safety concerns and strive for optimal battery thermal management, the importance of thermal modelling of lithium ion batteries is growing. Thermal modelling is becoming even more important with ongoing improvements of power capabilities of modern lithium ion batteries and the decrease in their physical dimensions. Recently an electrothermal impedance spectroscopy (ETIS) was proposed by Barsoukov (9) as a non-destructive method of determining the thermal properties of batteries. This paper presents the initial test results from the concept of extending from ETIS measurements from 1D into more battery dimensions what should facilitate in the future in battery 2D and 3D thermal modelling without any a prori knowledge about battery internal composition, internal parameters and electrical behavior
Resolution capability comparison of infrared and terahertz imagers (2011)

Infrared and terahertz are two imaging technologies that differ fundamentally in numerous aspects. Infrared imaging is an efficient passive technology whereas terahertz technology is an active technology requiring some kind of illumination to be efficient. What's more, the detectors are also different and yield differences in the fundamental physics when integrated in a complete system. One of these differences lies in the size of the detectors. Infrared detectors are typically larger than the infrared wavelengths whereas terahertz detectors are typically smaller than the wavelength of illumination. This results in different constraints when designing these systems, constraints that are imposed by the resolution capabilities of the system. In the past INO has developed an infrared imaging camera core of 1024&times;768 pixels and tested some microscanning devices to improve its sampling frequency and ultimately its resolution. INO has also engineered detectors and camera cores specifically designed for active terahertz imaging with smaller dimensions (160&times;120 pixels). In this paper the evaluation of the resolution capabilities of a terahertz imager at the pixel level is performed. The resolution capabilities for the THz are evaluated in the sub-wavelength range, which is not actually possible in the infrared wavebands. Based on this evaluation, the comparison between the resolution limits of infrared detectors and the terahertz detectors at the pixel level is performed highlighting the differences between the wavebands and their impact on system design.
Iterative decision-feedback channel estimation for turbo SIC in DFT-precoded OFDMA using QO-STBC (2011)

This paper proposes using iterative decision-feedback channel estimation (DFCE) in a turbo soft interference canceller (SIC) for a quasi-orthogonal (QO) - space-time block code (STBC) with four antennas in discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In the proposed method, channel estimation (CE) is updated at each turbo SIC iteration loop by using soft-symbol estimation based on the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of an extrinsic probability at the Max-Log-MAP (maximum a posteriori probability) decoder output. Hence, the accuracy of the generated residual inter-code interference (ICI) due to non-orthogonality in the QO-STBC improves in the turbo SIC, which leads to improvement in the achievable performance. Computer simulation results show that by applying the proposed iterative DFCE in the turbo SIC, the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) at the average block error rate (BLER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> is decreased by approximately 1.5 and 1.0 dB compared to those for STBC using reference signal (RS) based CE and DFCE, respectively, for the coding rate of R = 1/3 in turbo code. Hence, the iterative DFCE works cooperatively in the turbo SIC to decrease the ICI in the full rate QO-STBC.
Photonic spectral encoder/decoder using an arrayed-waveguide grating for coherent optical code division multiplexing (2003)

Error-free spectral encoding, 40-km transmission and decoding of 10 Gbit/s, 810 fs, return-to-zero signals are successfully demonstrated using a photonic spectral encoder and decoder pair that uses high resolution arrayed-waveguide gratings and phase filters.
Nitric Oxide-induced Activation of the Type 1 Ryanodine Receptor Is Critical for Epileptic Seizure-induced Neuronal Cell Death (2016)

Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening emergency that can cause neurodegeneration with debilitating neurological disorders. However, the mechanism by which convulsive SE results in neurodegeneration is not fully understood. It has been shown that epileptic seizures produce markedly increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain, and that NO induces Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from the endoplasmic reticulum via the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), which occurs through S-nitrosylation of the intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channel. Here, we show that through genetic silencing of NO-induced activation of the RyR1 intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channel, neurons were rescued from seizure-dependent cell death. Furthermore, dantrolene, an inhibitor of RyR1, was protective against neurodegeneration caused by SE. These results demonstrate that NO-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> release via RyR is involved in SE-induced neurodegeneration, and provide a rationale for the use of RyR1 inhibitors for the prevention of brain damage following SE.
On the relationship between the amount of N and ORR performance of N/Carbon nanotube electrodes (2014)

Trabajo presentado en la European Hydrogen Energy Conference - EHEC, celebrada en Sevilla (España) del 12 al 14 de mayo de 2014.
Aqueous insulin and alcohol macromolecules and multiphasic molecular systems with enhanced photophysical signal characteristics and multifunctional properties (2008)

This study presents a theoretical formalism accompanied with experimental evidence which demonstrates that aqueous insulin macromolecules, and complex metaphase macromolecules exhibit enhanced photophysical and metamaterial-like characteristics leading to an overall enhancement of the interacting optical fields. Clathrate-like structures, filled with different index of refraction water, introduce a 'lensing' or guiding effects of the incident photons. Changing the ratio between hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of multiphasic composites by several mechanisms give rise to an enhanced index of refraction contrast. The outcome of this study opens new horizons in the exploring of applications related to molecular imaging, nanophotonics, and optical devices.