gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualizing period fluctuations in strained-layer superlattices with scanning tunneling microscopy (2018)

We show how cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) may be used to accurately map the period fluctuations throughout epitaxial, strained-layer superlattices based on the InAs/InAsSb and InGaAs/InAlAs material systems. The concept, analogous to Bragg's law in high-resolution x-ray diffraction, relies on an analysis of the [001]-convolved reciprocal-space satellite peaks obtained from discrete Fourier transforms of individual STM images. Properly implemented, the technique enables local period measurements that reliably discriminate vertical fluctuations localized to within ∼5 superlattice repeats along the [001] growth direction and orthogonal, lateral fluctuations localized to within ∼40 nm along &amp;lt;110&amp;gt; directions in the growth plane. While not as accurate as x-ray, the inherent, single-image measurement error associated with the method may be made as small as 0.1%, allowing the vertical or lateral period fluctuations contributing to inhomogeneous energy broadening and carrier localization in these structures to be pinpointed and quantified. The direct visualization of unexpectedly large, lateral period fluctuations on nanometer length scales in both strain-balanced systems supports a common understanding in terms of correlated interface roughness.
Hoe groot is de kans op een longembolie bij adequate antistolling? (2006)

hoe groot is de kans dat iemand die antistolling krijgt wegens een longembolie (PE), een nieuwe longembolie krijgt onder deze behandeling.
Numerical Modelling of Plastic Deformation and Subsequent Recrystallization in Polycrystalline Materials, Based on a Digital Material Framework (2007)

The development of a digital material framework is presented, allowing to build virtual microstructures in agreement with experimental data. The construction of the virtual material consists in building a multi-level Voronoï tessellation. A polycrystalline microstructure made of grains and sub-grains can be obtained in a random or deterministic way. A corresponding finite element mesh can be generated automatically in 3D, and used for the simulation of mechanical testing under large strain. In the examples shown in this work, the initial mesh was non uniform and anisotropic, taking into account the presence of interfaces between grains and sub-grains. Automatic remeshing was performed due to the large strains, and maintained the non uniform and anisotropic character of the mesh. A level set approach was used to follow the grain boundaries during the deformation. The grain constitutive law was either a viscoplastic power law, or a crystallographic formulation based on crystal plasticity. Stored energies and precise grain boundary network geometries were obtained directly from the deformed digital sample. This information was used for subsequent modelling of grain growth with the level set approach, on the same mesh.
Advancements In Mechanical Sealing - API 682 Fourth Edition (2013)

API 682 is the leading document for mechanical seals in petrochemical, chemical, and pipeline services worldwide.It has combined the aspects of seal design, testing, standardization, and applications to provide the users and OEMs alike with a common source of information for mechanical seals.As seal technology has advanced, the standard has expanded to incorporate new seal designs, materials, seal selection guidance, and piping plans.Although the standard is not yet published, the final draft has been prepared and gives us notice of the upcoming requirements.This tutorial will cover the major changes introduced in the Fourth Edition. HISTORY OF API 682Mechanical seals have been accepted as the standard method for sealing rotating pumps for many years.While some mechanical seal standard existed, they were generally buried in other standards such as DIN 24960, ANSI B73 and API 610.All of these standards were primarily pump standards and any seal references were directed at how mechanical seals would interact with the referenced pumps.
Delivery of the endolysin Cpl-1 by inhalation rescues mice with fatal pneumococcal pneumonia (2013)

Administration of Cpl-1 by inhalation may offer a new therapeutic perspective for the treatment of pneumococcal lung infection.
No Difference in the Frequency of Locus-Specific Methylation in the Peripheral Blood DNA of Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer and Age-Matched Controls (2011)

There is no doubt that aberrant somatic (tumor-specific) methylation significantly contributes to the carcinogenic process. However, the question of the relevance of methylation pattern changes, acquired by individuals during their development and lifetime or inherited through the germline, to the pathology of different diseases, remains open. Recently, a number of studies addressed the question of the prevalence of aberrant methylation of cancer-related genes in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA and indicated a strong possibility that the presence of constitutional methylation of different genes might predispose for cancer development. Here, we have used the methlyation-sensitive high-resolution melting approach to examine the methylation status of the BRCA1, BRCA2, APC, RASSF1A and RARβ2 genes in PBLs of a group of women diagnosed with breast cancer, and an age-matched control group with no signs of breast cancer. No significant differences in the frequency of methylation of the above genes were found between cases and controls in our study. Hence, testing for the presence of methylation of cancer-related genes in PBL DNA from women diagnosed with sporadic breast cancer and classified for testing without any pathological or clinical selection criteria does not seem to have clinical applicability.
Continuous Time Control of Markov Processes on an Arbitrary State Space: Discounted Rewards (1976)

The paper deals with continuous time Markov decision processes on a fairly general state space. The rewards are continuously discounted at rate $\alpha > 0$. A set of conditions is shown to be necessary and sufficient for a policy to be optimal. For the special case of time independent reward function and under the assumption that the action space is finite a policy improvement algorithm is proposed and its convergence to an optimal policy is proved.
Brain Biopsy Using High-Field Strength Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1999)

Interventional 1.5-T MRI is a safe and effective method for evaluating lesions of the brain. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic targeting is likely to augment the diagnostic yield of brain biopsies.
Kinematics of the Capitolunate Joint in the Sagittal Plane (1998)

A new method of assessing capitolunate alignment is presented. Three anatomical carpal reference points were evaluated on lateral radiographs using triangulation. Connecting these three points forms a triangle with dorsal, palmar and somewhat vertical sides. One hundred normal lateral wrist radiographs were measured. The overall dorsal limb (DL) to palmar limb (PL) ratio was found to be 0.74 (SD 0.07) over a range of 40 degrees extension to 42 degrees flexion. As the DL to PL ratio approached 1.0, a dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) deformity developed. Conversely, as the DL to PL ratio approached 0.5, a palmar intercalated segment instability (PISI) occurred. This method appears useful for evaluating static lateral radiographs for intercalary carpal alignment and possibly instability.
SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility and ACE2 Gene Variations Within Diverse Ethnic Backgrounds (2022)

There is considerable variability in the susceptibility and progression for COVID-19 and it appears to be strongly correlated with age, gender, ethnicity and pre-existing health conditions. However, to our knowledge, cohort studies of COVID-19 in clinically vulnerable groups are lacking. Host genetics has also emerged as a major risk factor for COVID-19, and variation in the ACE2 receptor, which facilitates entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the cell, has become a major focus of attention. Thus, we interrogated an ethnically diverse cohort of National Health Service (NHS) patients in the United Kingdom (United Kingdom) to assess the association between variants in the <i>ACE2</i> locus and COVID-19 risk. We analysed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 1,837 cases who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 37,207 controls who were not tested, from the UK's 100,000 Genomes Project (100KGP) for the presence of <i>ACE2</i> coding variants and extract expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). We identified a splice site variant (rs2285666) associated with increased ACE2 expression with an overrepresentation in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients relative to 100KGP controls (<i>p</i> = 0.015), and in hospitalised European patients relative to outpatients in intra-ethnic comparisons (<i>p</i> = 0.029). We also compared the prevalence of 288 eQTLs, of which 23 were enriched in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. The eQTL rs12006793 had the largest effect size (d = 0.91), which decreases ACE2 expression and is more prevalent in controls, thus potentially reducing the risk of COVID-19. We identified three novel nonsynonymous variants predicted to alter ACE2 function, and showed that three variants (p.K26R, p. H378R, p. Y515N) alter receptor affinity for the viral Spike (S) protein. Variant p. N720D, more prevalent in the European population (<i>p</i> < 0.001), potentially increases viral entry by affecting the ACE2-TMPRSS2 complex. The spectrum of genetic variants in <i>ACE2</i> may inform risk stratification of COVID-19 patients and could partially explain the differences in disease susceptibility and severity among different ethnic groups.
The Effect of Posture on the Response to Atrioventricular Synchronous Pacing in Patients with Underlying Cardiovascular Disease (1991)

In order to determine whether the hemodynamic benefit of atrioventricular synchronous pacing is maintained in the upright position, 14 patients with dual chamber pacemakers were paced in VVI mode and DDD mode in both the supine and standing position. The hemodynamic response was assessed by measuring the velocity time integral derived from the pulsed-wave Doppler signal in the left ventricular outflow tract during VVI pacing and dual chamber pacing at three different AV delays (125, 200, 250 ms). In the supine position, the velocity time integral during VVI pacing was 14.6 +/- 3.0 cm and this increased during DDD pacing at all three AV delays (17.7 +/- 3.3, 17.9 +/- 3.0, 17.5 +/- 3.5 cm). In the upright position, the velocity time integral during VVI pacing was 12.9 +/- 3.5 cm and this increased with DDD pacing (15.5 +/- 3.3, 15.1 +/- 4.0, 15.1 +/- 3.9 cm). It was concluded that although stroke volume decreases when assuming the upright position, the beneficial response to dual chamber pacing is maintained and equals that observed in the supine position.
Laser Fragmentation of Renal Calculi (1984)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCalculus1 Jun 1984Laser Fragmentation of Renal Calculi G.M. Watson, J.E.A. Wickham, T.N. Mills, S.G. Bown, P. Swain, and P.R. Salmon G.M. WatsonG.M. Watson More articles by this author , J.E.A. WickhamJ.E.A. Wickham More articles by this author , T.N. MillsT.N. Mills More articles by this author , S.G. BownS.G. Bown More articles by this author , P. SwainP. Swain More articles by this author , and P.R. SalmonP.R. Salmon More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50890-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Laser Fragmentation of Renal Calculi." The Journal of Urology, 131(6), pp. 1250–1251 © 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 131 Issue 6 June 1984 Page: 1250-1251 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information G.M. Watson More articles by this author J.E.A. Wickham More articles by this author T.N. Mills More articles by this author S.G. Bown More articles by this author P. Swain More articles by this author P.R. Salmon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
What’s in a Name? (2019)

Alexey Romanov, Maria De-Arteaga, Hanna Wallach, Jennifer Chayes, Christian Borgs, Alexandra Chouldechova, Sahin Geyik, Krishnaram Kenthapadi, Anna Rumshisky, Adam Kalai. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
Visualizing rich corpus data using virtual reality (2019)

We demonstrate an approach that utilizes immersive virtual reality (VR) to explore and interact with corpus linguistics data. Our case study focuses on the language identification parameter in the ...
Stability Analysis in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines With High Dilution (2007)

This paper analyzes the stability of the autoignition process of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines with exhaust dilution. We find conditions under which steady-state multiplicity exists with stable and unstable equilibria. This analysis is conducted taking into account the internal feedback structure of the thermal dynamics. Specifically, HCCI combustion timing determines the combustion heat produced and is determined by the heat provided through high internal exhaust gas recirculation from the previous combustion cycle. It is shown that the thermal equilibria are characterized by a simple returning map consisting of two curves, namely the breathing temperature curve and the combustion temperature curve. The influence of heat transfer and the cooling system in the system stability is also analyzed. The returning map and the stability of the multiple steady-state equilibria are confirmed with a high-order dynamic nonlinear model. The high-order dynamic model includes manifold filling and composition dynamics and has been validated both at steady state and during transient. It is shown that a static feedforward controller can cause instability during switching from a high to a low load. A dynamic feedforward controller, on the other hand, is able to stabilize the transition by reducing temperature excursions and, hence, keeping the temperature trajectories within stable regions
Studies of photoinduced charge transfer in conjugated polymer-fullerene composites by light-induced ESR (1998)

In this work we present comparative studies of the photoinduced electron transfer (PIT) in a number of conjugated polymer/fullerene composites and in pure components by using light-induced electron spin resonance. PIT from the polymer onto fullerene in the composites results in the appearance of two LESR lines: i) g=2.0025, g=2.0025, attributed to the positive polaron on the polymer chain and ii) g=1.9995 g=1.9995 originating from the fullerene anion-radical. These signals have different spin-lattice relaxation times with different temperature dependencies, the low field line possessing the longer relaxation time. The amount of light induced charges is proportional to the square root of the excitation light intensity, which indicates bimolecular recombination of polarons. Both lines have reversible light-induced ESR components and persistent light-induced contribution attributed to trapped polarons.
The Absolute Measurement of Rate Constants for Some Key Reactions Involving Free Radicals. (1978)

Progress has been made in several areas of experimental and theoretical importance to the understanding of rate parameters in reactions important to combustion. We combined simple physical models with experiments devised to test these models with the objective of increasing our ability to estimate rate constants with an accuracy useful at a chemical level.
New approach to test growth behaviour of cells for tissue engineered collagenous scaffolds (2004)

A technique developed to characterize and compare the cell growth of human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured on tissue-engineered (TE) scaffolds composed of elastin and collagen was discussed. Proliferation and apoptosis of SMC were determined by measuring cyclin E and tissue trans glutaminase (tTG) mRNA expression levels respectively. It was found that with the method SMC cultured on porous films of elastin and collagen grow better than on gelatin-coated tissue culture polystyrene (g-TCPS). The results indicated the possibility to culture cells in a standardized way not only for obtaining an artificial media of TE blood vessel using SMC but also for all kinds of tissue-engineering purposes using other cell types.
Comparison of maritime measurements of Cn2 with NAVSLaM model predictions (2020)

In this paper, a study is made of the refractive index structure parameter <i>C</i><i>n</i>2, as derived from angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements made on the beam after propagation along a 16 km slant path across the Chesapeake Bay. These measurements are compared with <i>C</i><i>n</i>2 estimates derived from the Navy Atmospheric Vertical Surface Layer Model (NAVSLaM), which are based upon prevailing meteorological conditions. Correlation coefficients for the reported data vary between 0.64 and 0.9. Despite the Chesapeake Bay theoretically being a difficult location for employing a Monin-Obukhov similarity theory-based model such as NAVSLaM, the agreement between the AOA <i>C</i><i>n</i>2 measurements and the NAVSLaM <i>C</i><i>n</i>2 estimates was, in many cases, good. A possible explanation of this agreement between the modeled and measured <i>C</i><i>n</i>2 values is that the large air-water temperature differences encountered provided such strong forcing for the NAVSLaM model that any potential violations of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory assumptions had only a secondary influence on the <i>C</i><i>n</i>2 estimates.
Table S1 from Gene Copy Number Estimation from Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Prostate Cancer Biopsies: Analytic Validation and Clinical Qualification (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genomic regions used for the targeted panel sequencing in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Isolation and Characterization of Dammarane-Type Saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Their Inhibitory Effects on IL-6-Induced STAT3 Activation (2015)

Five new dammarane-type saponins, gypenosides GD1-GD5 (1-5), along with six known saponins (6-11), were isolated from the aerial parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum using various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and spectrometric data, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory effects on IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in Hep3B cells. Compounds 1, 9, and 11 displayed potent inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 0.27 to 0.59 μM.
Synthesis and characterization of macroalkoxyamines based on polyethylene (2004)

International audience
Heat‐shock proteins as dendritic cell‐targeting vaccines – getting warmer (2013)

Heat-shock proteins (hsp) provide a natural link between innate and adaptive immune responses by combining the ideal properties of antigen carriage (chaperoning), targeting and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), including dendritic cells (DC). Targeting is achieved through binding of hsp to distinct cell surface receptors and is followed by antigen internalization, processing and presentation. An improved understanding of the interaction of hsp with DC has driven the development of numerous hsp-containing vaccines, designed to deliver antigens directly to DC. Studies in mice have shown that for cancers, such vaccines generate impressive immune responses and protection from tumour challenge. However, translation to human use, as for many experimental immunotherapies, has been slow partly because of the need to perform trials in patients with advanced cancers, where demonstration of efficacy is challenging. Recently, the properties of hsp have been used for development of prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases including tuberculosis and meningitis. These hsp-based vaccines, in the form of pathogen-derived hsp-antigen complexes, or recombinant hsp combined with selected antigens in vitro, offer an innovative approach against challenging diseases where broad antigen coverage is critical.
264 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PREDOMINANT TRANSCRIPT IN BOVINE OOCYTES, IN VITRO-DERIVED BLASTOCYSTS, AND IN NUCLEAR TRANSFER BLASTOCYSTS (2005)

Identification of transcripts produced during bovine embryogenesis is the first step in describing the normal developmental program. To that end, mRNA was isolated from in vitro-matured metaphase II oocytes (MPII), in vitro-produced 2-cell-stage (2-Cell), in vitro-produced precompact morula-stage (PCM), in vitro-produced blastocyst-stage (BL), and in vitro-produced nuclear transfer blastocyst-stage (NTBL) embryos. The mRNA was isolated by using Dynabeads® (Dynal, Inc., Lake Success, NY, USA), and amplified by using the SMART system. PCR products were purified and ligated into pSPORT1 and electroporated into E. coli. Random clones were selected for DNA sequencing. Sequence data were evaluated for quality and clustered by sequence similarity with sequences generated from a larger expressed sequence tag (EST) project (http://genome.rnet.missouri.edu/Bovine/) by using the tlcluster program from the University of Iowa. Sequences over 100 bp in length with average Phred scores of over 20 for the entire sequence were submitted to GenBank (NIH genetic sequence database). Sequences were compared to the bovine TIGR (The Institute for Genomic Research) and human databases to gather annotation. The best comparison is listed below by using the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee standards (http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/) when possible. The number of unique clusters, i.e. no match in GenBank, was 53, 120, 109, 115, and 135, for MPII, 2-Cell, PCM, BL, and NTBL, respectively. The total number of clusters per tissue ranged from 224 to 992. The percent of clusters (number of clusters per total number of ESTs) per library was 12% (224/1762), 42% (746/1771), 48% (819/1715), 49% (900/1818) and 53% (992/1876) for MPII, 2-Cell, PCM, BL, and NTBL, respectively. Either the quality of the MPII library was lower or the complexity of the MPII mRNA was less than mRNA in the other tissues. Examples of mRNA that were in different abundance are shown in Table 1. Clearly, as in other species, there are significant changes in mRNA abundance during early embryogenesis. Furthermore, NTBL embryos, even though they are morphologically similar to BL, possess a population of mRNA that is distinct from that in BL. Table 1. Comparison of mRNA Abundance During Bovine Embryogenesis This work was funded by the USDA NRI 2003–35205–12812 and Food for the 21st Century.