gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Behaviour for a Self-Organising Video Surveillance System Using a Genetic Algorithm (2021)

Genetic algorithms (GA’s) are mostly used as an offline optimisation method to discover a suitable solution to a complex problem prior to implementation. In this paper, we present a different application in which a GA is used to progressively adapt the collective performance of an ad hoc collection of devices that are being integrated post-deployment. Adaptive behaviour in the context of this article refers to two dynamic aspects of the problem: (a) the availability of individual devices as well as the objective functions for the performance of the entire population. We illustrate this concept in a video surveillance scenario in which already installed cameras are being retrofitted with networking capabilities to form a coherent closed-circuit television (CCTV) system. We show that this can be conceived as a multi-objective optimisation problem which can be solved at run-time, with the added benefit that solutions can be refined or modified in response to changing priorities or even unpredictable events such as faults. We present results of a detailed simulation study, the implications of which are being discussed from both a theoretical and practical viewpoint (trade-off between saving computational resources and surveillance coverage).
Concise Synthesis of dl‐Febrifugine. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A sandwich beam with electrostatically tunable bending stiffness (2006)

The tuning of the bending stiffness of structural elements is of interest for, among other things, the suppression of vibrations related to resonance phenomena. For a given cross-sectional area and geometry, the variation of the elastic properties of the material composing the structure provides a viable approach to this task. Only very limited options are available for such changes in material properties. The use of NiTi shape memory alloys has been proposed for this purpose. A new, energetically less expensive method for the modification of the bending stiffness of sandwich beams is presented. The proposed method makes use of electrostatic forces to modify the transfer of shear stresses at the interface between the faces and the core of the sandwich. Changes in bending stiffness of up to 18 times could be obtained for a prototype beam. A simple model for describing the behavior of the beam is presented.
High‐Pressure High‐Temperature Transparent Fixed‐Bed Reactor for Operando Gas‐Liquid Reaction Follow‐up (2019)

Abstract A 3‐MPa, 350 °C fixed‐bed reactor was designed to follow‐up gas‐liquid‐solid reactions on a millimetric size heterogeneous catalyst with Raman spectroscopy. The transparent reactor is a quartz cylinder enclosed in a Joule effect heated stainless‐steel tube. A methodology to determine how to focus the microscope for liquid and solid phase characterization is presented. The setup was validated by performing diesel hydrodesulfurization on a CoMo/alumina extrudate catalyst with a conversion very close to expected values along with the acquisition of Raman spectra of the solid catalyst showing an evolution of the catalyst phase during sulfidation.
Problems Associated with Sour Gas in the Oilfield Industry and Their Solutions (2015)

Fossil fuels are still a necessary and important part of modern living, keeping cars running and houses heated for example. As demands have risen and reservoirs of oil and natural gas have depleted, it has become increasingly more important to tap into fields that were once classified as undesirable. Sour fields, fields high in acidic gases, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, are one such option. There are many difficulties and dangers associated with working sour fields, such as toxicity of the sour gases, hydrate formation, and corrosion of equipment, that have prevented these resources from being used in the past. Many varied methods of overcoming these problems have been developed, from removing the sour components to inhibiting their effects. This review highlights the major issues raised by sour fields as well as a wide range of solutions in use today.
Design of an Endoscope Lens Shielding Device for Use in Laparoscopic Procedures (2010)

In recent years, laparoscopic surgical procedures have revolutionized many gynecological and abdominal procedures, leading to dramatic reductions in recovery time and scarring for the patient. While techniques and instruments for performing laparoscopic surgery have improved over the years, loss of vision through the endoscopic lens caused by fog, liquid, and solid debris common to laparoscopic procedures remains a significant problem. In this paper, a shielding mechanism that maintains visibility through the laparoscope by removing debris from the distal end of the lens is presented. This device provides an inexpensive and convenient alternative to the current practice of removing, cleaning, and re-inserting the laparoscope during surgical procedures. This device is shown in multiple trials to repeatably remove debris from the distal tip of the lens, thereby restoring vision for the surgeon without requiring removal or reinsertion of the endoscope.
DRFX (2010)

The most intuitive memory model for shared-memory multithreaded programming is sequential consistency(SC), but it disallows the use of many compiler and hardware optimizations thereby impacting performance. Data-race-free (DRF) models, such as the proposed C++0x memory model, guarantee SC execution for datarace-free programs. But these models provide no guarantee at all for racy programs, compromising the safety and debuggability of such programs. To address the safety issue, the Java memory model, which is also based on the DRF model, provides a weak semantics for racy executions. However, this semantics is subtle and complex, making it difficult for programmers to reason about their programs and for compiler writers to ensure the correctness of compiler optimizations.
Electron energy loss in thin metallic films (1996)

Schottky diodes with patterned overlayers of thin metal films have provided a method to measure the energy loss of high energy electrons in the metal films. The technique avoids the problems of surface contamination and electron collection which complicate measurements on freestanding films. The patterned overlayer creates a modulation in the reverse biased diode current as a beam of focused electrons is moved across the diode surface. The amplitude of the modulation has been measured with overlayers of aluminum and gold for incident electron energies of 5 to 30 keV. The results have been compared to that predicted from a Monte Carlo calculation of the inelastic and elastic scattering of the incident electrons. Significantly better agreement between experiment and simulation is observed when the screened Rutherford cross section in the Monte Carlo code is replaced by an empirical expression for the Mott scattering formula.
Oesophageal wall stretch: the stimulus for distension induced oesophageal sensation (2004)

Recently, we reported a novel ultrasound technique to assess the biomechanical properties of the oesophagus in humans. To investigate whether the oesophageal sensation induced by oesophageal distension correlates with wall tension, wall stress or wall strain, we studied 20 healthy subjects using a manometry catheter equipped with a high-compliance bag and a high-frequency intraluminal ultrasound probe. Oesophageal distensions were performed by injecting 1-20 mL water into the bag for 20-30 s. Subjects scored the nature (heartburn or chest pain) and severity of sensation in response to distension, before and after atropine (15 microg kg(-1), i.v.). Ultrasound images of oesophagus were digitized and measurements were made to calculate oesophageal wall tension, stress and strain during distensions. Subjects experienced mostly heartburn, not chest pain, in response to oesophageal distension. Oesophageal wall strain and bag pressures correlated best with the oesophageal sensation. Atropine reduced bag pressure but did not affect the distension induced heartburn and chest pain. We conclude that heartburn is a common sensation in response to oesophageal distension in normal subjects. A strong correlation between wall strain and oesophageal sensation suggests that the wall stretch is the stimulus for nociceptive mechanoreceptors of the oesophagus.
The effect of intravenous, subcutaneous, and intranasal GH-RH analog, [Nle27]GHRH(1-29)-NH2, on growth hormone secretion in normal men: Dose-response relationships (1986)

A 29 amino acid analog of growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH)-40 was given intravenously, subcutaneously, and intranasally to normal men to determine its effectiveness in stimulating growth hormone (GH) release. The GH-RH analog, [Nle27]GH-RH(1-29)-NH2, is an amidated 29 amino acid peptide that has one amino acid substitution at position 27. This peptide stimulates GH secretion when given by the intravenous, subcutaneous, and intranasal routes without adverse effect. The degree of GH stimulation was variable among subjects and the greatest amount of stimulation occurred with the highest doses. GH stimulation occurred in a dose-responsive manner after all three routes of administration. A tenfold higher subcutaneous dose was required to stimulate a comparable amount of GH secretion as compared with intravenous administration, and a thirtyfold higher intranasal than intravenous dose was required to stimulate approximately one fifth the amount of GH release. For comparison, one dose of GH-RH-40, 1 microgram/kg, was administered intravenously. GH secretion after 1 microgram/kg GH-RH-40 and 1 microgram/kg Nle27 GH-RH was comparable between the two groups of subjects. Stimulation of GH secretion by Nle27 GH-RH occurred within 5 minutes of intravenous and within 10 minutes of subcutaneous and intranasal administration; peak GH levels were observed within 30 minutes. GH levels declined and returned to near baseline levels 2 hours after administration of the analog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Corrosion quantification by different nondestructive inspection methods</title> (1999)

Boeing investigated corrosion effects on crack growth rates under a USAF contract with Tinker AFB in an engineering assignment performed by the Boeing Wichita. Sixty-eight crack growth specimens were notched, corroded, and fatigue test to determine crack growth rates. After salt spray exposure and crack growth testing the specimens were nondestructively inspected (NDI) by five different NDI methods to determine the amount of material lost. The NDI methods were chosen to represent different methods that could detect the presence of corrosion and digitize the data for analysis later to determine percent material lost. The NDI methods evaluated were computed tomography, pulse-echo ultrasonic c-scan, eddy current c-scan, thermography and digital radiography. Microscopy cross sectioning was also performed to visually document the corrosion damage. This data was used to compare the effectiveness of the NDI methods for detecting and quantifying corrosion damage and was used in the reanalysis of pre-corroded crack growth data. The results of NDI portion of this study are presented.
Derivatives of L-Adenosine and L-Guanosine as Substrates for Human Deoxycytidine Kinase (1999)

A series of analogues of L-adenosine and of L-guanosine, including beta-L-dA, beta-L-Ado, beta-L-araA, and beta-L-dG, have been shown to be substrates of human deoxycytidine kinase thus demonstrating the complete lack of enantioselectivity of this enzyme.
Distributed Loop Controller Architecture for Multi-threading in Uni-threaded VLIW Processors (2006)

Reduced energy consumption is one of the most important design goals for embedded application domains like wireless, multimedia and biomedical. Instruction memory hierarchy has been proven to be one of the most power hungry parts of the system. This paper introduces an architectural enhancement for the instruction memory to reduce energy and improve performance. The proposed distributed instruction memory organization requires minimal hardware overhead and allows execution of multiple loops in parallel in a uni-processor system. This architecture enhancement can reduce the energy consumed in the instruction and data memory hierarchy by 70.01 % and improve the performance by 32.89% compared to enhanced SMT based architectures
Nutritional Alterations and the Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation in Dogs with Heart Failure (1998)

Alterations in body composition and nutritional status are common in humans with heart failure and are related, in part, to increases in cytokine concentrations. Cytokines have not been studied previously in dogs with naturally occurring cardiac disease nor has fish oil administration been used in this population to decrease cytokine production. The purposes of this study were to characterize nutritional and cytokine alterations in dogs with heart failure and to test the ability of fish oil to reduce cytokines and improve clinical outcome. Body composition, insulinlike growth factor-1, fatty acids, and cytokines were measured in 28 dogs with heart failure and in 5 healthy controls. Dogs with heart failure then were randomized to receive either fish oil or placebo for 8 weeks. All parameters were measured again at the end of the study period. At baseline, 54% of dogs with heart failure were cachectic and the severity of cachexia correlated with circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations (P = .05). Cytokine concentrations at baseline, however, were not significantly increased in dogs with heart failure compared to controls. Baseline plasma arachidonic acid (P = .02), eicosapentaenoic acid (P = .03), and docosahexaenoic acid (P = .004) concentrations were lower in dogs with heart failure than in controls. Fish oil supplementation decreased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) concentrations (P = .02) and improved cachexia (P = .01) compared to the placebo group. The mean caloric intake of the heart failure dogs as a group was below the maintenance energy requirement (P < .001), but no difference was found in food intake between the fish oil and placebo groups. Insulinlike growth factor-1 concentrations (P = .01) and reductions in circulating IL-1 concentrations over the study period (P = .02) correlated with survival. These data demonstrate that canine heart failure is associated with cachexia, alterations in fatty acids, and reduced caloric intake. Fish oil supplementation decreased IL-1 concentrations and improved cachexia. In addition, reductions in IL-1 predicted survival, suggesting that anticytokine strategies may benefit patients with heart failure.
Experimental determination of the strength and reactivity of lumpy and briquetted chars from non-coking coals under melter-gasifier conditions (2017)

With the advent of alternative smelting-reduction processes of ironmaking like COREX® and FINEX®, the demand for non-coking coals as a major raw material has increased. In these processes, char is formed from non-coking coals inside the melter-gasifier (MG) by pyrolysis. This char, either in lumpy or briquetted form, is the major reductant and fuel of the smelting-reduction process. Just like the coke in blast furnace, the char should also have certain chemical and mechanical properties suitable for operational requirements of the MG. However, there is a lack of systematic works related to the properties of chars from non-coking coals for ironmaking. This work aims to define a standardised testing method to determine the reactive and mechanical properties of lumpy and briquetted chars comparable to existing ISO norms. It also demonstrates the effect of different operational conditions on char properties. The testing method described in this work should be useful to the industry personnel to evaluate the quality of chars from non-coking coals for their usage in the MG.
Hybridization Probe for Femtomolar Quantification of Selected Nucleic Acid Sequences on a Disposable Electrode (2006)

Mixed monolayers of electroactive hybridization probes on gold surfaces of a disposable electrode were investigated as a technology for simple, sensitive, selective, and rapid gene identification. Hybridization to the ferrocene-labeled hairpin probes reproducibly diminished cyclic redox currents, presumably due to a displacement of the label from the electrode. Observed peak current densities were roughly 1000× greater than those observed in previous studies, such that results could easily be interpreted without the use of algorithms to correct for background polarization currents. Probes were sensitive to hybridization with a number of oligonucleotide sequences with varying homology, but target oligonucleotides could be distinguished from competing nontarget sequences based on unique “melting” profiles from the probe. Detection limits were demonstrated down to nearly 100 fM, which may be low enough to identify certain genetic conditions or infections without amplification. This technology has rich potential for use in field devices for gene identification as well as in gene microarrays.
Modeling room impulse response by incorporating speaker polar response into image source method (2007)

Simple computer modeling of impulse responses for small rectangular rooms is typically based on the image source method, which results in an impulse response with very high time resolution. The image source method is easy to implement, but the simulated impulse responses are often a poor match to measured impulse responses because the description of the source is often too idealized to match the real measurement conditions. For example, the basic image source method has often assumed the sound source to be an omni-directional point source for ease of implementation, but a real loudspeaker may include multiple drivers and exhibit an irregular polar response in both the horizontal and vertical directions. In this paper, an improved room impulse response computer modeling technique is developed by incorporating the measured horizontal and vertical polar responses of the speaker into the basic image source method. Results show that compared with the basic image source method, the modeled room impulse response using this method is a better match to the measured room impulse response.
Intelligent design enables architectural evolution (2011)

What does it take for an Internet architecture to be evolvable? Despite our ongoing frustration with today's rigid IP-based architecture and the research community's extensive research on clean-slate designs, it remains unclear how to best design for architectural evolvability. We argue here that evolvability is far from mysterious. In fact, we claim that only a few "intelligent" design changes are needed to support evolvability. While these changes are definitely nonincremental (i.e., cannot be deployed in an incremental fashion starting with today's architecture), they follow directly from the well-known engineering principles of indirection, modularity, and extensibility.
Detecting Early‐Stage Liver Fibrosis Using Macromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping Based on Spin‐Lock MRI: Preliminary Observations (2022)

3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.
Grafting and Characterization of Zwitter Ionic Poly(ethylene glycol) on Gold-Coated Nitinol Surface Chemisorbed with L-Cysteine (2009)

Nitinol alloy (TiNi) has been widely used in vascular stents. To improve the blood compatibility of Nitinol alloy, its surface was chemically modified in this study. Nitinol was first coated with gold, then chemisorbed with L-cysteine (C/N), and followed by grafting of zwitter ionic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (PEG-N + -SO3 - ) to produce TiNi-C/N-PEG-N-S. The zwitter ionic PEG grafted on the Nitinol surface was identified by ATR-FTIR, ESCA and SEM. The hydrophilized surface was proven by the decrease of water contact angle. In addition, from the blood compatibility tests such as protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and blood coagulation time, the surface-modified TiNi alloy exhibited a better blood compatibility as compared to the untreated Nitinol control. These results indicated a feasibility of synergistic effect of hydrophilic PEG and antithrombotic zwitter ion.
Automatic reconstruction of the left atrium activation from sparse intracardiac contact recordings by inverse estimate of fibre structure and anisotropic conduction in a patient-specific model (2020)

Personalized Inverse Eikonal model from cardiac Electro-Anatomical Maps offers a novel approach to extrapolate the activation in unmapped regions and to assess conduction properties of the atria. It could be seamlessly integrated into existing electro-anatomic mapping systems. Personalized Inverse Eikonal model from cardiac Electro-Anatomical Maps also enables personalization of cardiac electrophysiology models.
An information fusion framework for robust shape tracking (2004)

Abstract-Existing methods for incorporating subspace model constraints in shape tracking use only partial information from the measurements and model distribution. We propose a unified framework for robust shape tracking, optimally fusing heteroscedastic uncertainties or noise from measurement, system dynamics, and a subspace model. The resulting nonorthogonal subspace projection and fusion are natural extensions of the traditional model constraint using orthogonal projection. We present two motion measurement algorithms and introduce alternative solutions for measurement uncertainty estimation. We build shape models offline from training data and exploit information from the ground truth initialization online through a strong model adaptation. Our framework is applied for tracking in echocardiograms where the motion estimation errors are heteroscedastic in nature, each heart has a distinct shape, and the relative motions of epicardial and endocardial borders reveal crucial diagnostic features. The proposed method significantly outperforms the existing shape-space-constrained tracking algorithm. Due to the complete treatment of heteroscedastic uncertainties, the strong model adaptation, and the coupled tracking of double-contours, robust performance is observed even on the most challenging cases.
Photocleavable Regenerative Network Materials with Exceptional and Repeatable Viscoelastic Manipulability (2021)

The development of solventless system for modulating properties of network materials is imperative for the next generation sustainable technology. Utilization of photostimulation is important owing to its spatial and temporal locality, yet designing photoresponsive network materials exhibiting repeatable and dramatic change in their properties remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a photocleavable regenerative network (PRN) linked with photoresponsive hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABIs) synthesized from narrow dispersity star-shaped poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (PDMSs) having 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole end groups. The use of urea anion as a catalyst for ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic siloxane initiated from silanols enables control of molecular weight and dispersity. The rheological measurements for the synthesized PRNs exhibit drastic changes in storage and loss moduli (G' and G″) upon photoirradiation in the solid state (G' > G″). This photocontrolled change in viscoelasticity with retaining solidity enables application of PRNs as a remotely-controlled photo-melt adhesive and photo-scissible string. The developed PRNs will enable a wide variety of applications such as industrially important next-generation sustainable adhesive, sealant, and reversibly-deformable 3D printing materials with their spatially and temporally local manipulability, solventless handleability, and excellent reversibility.