gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic Biomarker Pattern in Different Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Phenotypes Independent of Smoking Status (2006)

To accomplish this, STAT3 phosphorylation, as well as DNAbinding activity of STAT3 in response to cigarette smoke expo-sure, were assessed by immunoblot andelectrophoretic mobilityshift assay, respectively. In addition, normal human bronchialepithelial cells wereexposed tocigarette smokeextract with andwithout transfection with siRNA speciﬁcally targeting STAT3(SMARTpool; Dharmacon, Lafayette, CO). Cigarette smokeexposure resulted in STAT3 phosphorylation in a time- andconcentration-dependent manner. Cigarette smoke also increasedSTAT3-DNA binding activity. Introduction of STAT3 siRNA sig-niﬁcantly suppressed STAT3 expression and caused cell deathin response to cigarette smoke exposure. These results suggestthat STAT3 is activated by cigarette smoke and that the STAT3signal pathway plays an important role in modulating survivalor death in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarettesmoke.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1
Characterization of Optical End-Point Detection for Via Reveal Processing (2018)

In the general context of scaling, the 3D stacked system architecture is considered today, more than ever, as one of the future alternatives. Multiple options are still under investigation, but common process modules can already be identified. An important element of 3D integration is the backside Through-Silicon Via (TSV) reveal process after wafer bonding and thinning, also called Via Reveal. This has gained more and more interest in recent years as process robustness and stability will impact the device electrical performances and reliability. Moreover, subsequent processing such as bumping or RDL (Redistribution Layers) processing directly rely on successfully exposed TSVs. Different approaches have been developed for via reveal and have already been adopted by industry. So far, different studies have been carried out investigating issues affecting process integration, mainly to assess non-uniformity issues. Indeed, multiple factors can lead to variability within the process that will affect the TSV reveal performances. The consequences are large within-wafer variations, wafer-to-wafer non-uniformities and lot-to-lot variations. The robustness and stability of the via reveal process can be drastically improved by using an in-situ optical endpoint detection (EPD) system. The focus of this paper is to introduce an innovative approach where the via reveal process is controlled by an integrated optical EPD system during the reactive Si dry etch to expose the backside TSVs. The first part of the study introduces the impact of mask open area (or TSV density) on the EPD traces. As the system is based on optical reflection, the reflected signal intensity can vary according to the revealed TSVs. The second part focuses on the study of the optical EPD window modulation where the wafer area of interest can be extended within the wafer (center and along the wafer). This approach can be beneficial where the incoming Si thickness after grind and the TSV depth profile have variability wafer to wafer. A comparison of low TSV density and high TSV density is also shown. Finally, directions for process improvement are discussed.
Fault locating in ungrounded and high-resistance grounded systems (2002)

One of the most common and difficult problems to solve in industrial power systems is the location and elimination of the ground fault. Ground faults that occur in ungrounded and high-resistance grounded systems do not draw enough current to trigger circuit breaker or fuse operation, making them difficult to localize. Techniques currently used to track down faults are time consuming and cumbersome. A new approach developed for ground fault localization on ungrounded and high-resistance grounded low-voltage systems is described. The system consists of a novel ground fault relay that operates in conjunction with low-cost fault indicators permanently mounted in the circuit. The ground fault relay employs digital signal processing techniques to detect the fault, identify the faulted phase, and measure the electrical distance away from the substation. The remote fault indicators are used to visually indicate where the fault is located. The resulting system provides a fast, easy, economical and safe detection system for ground fault localization.
Imaging of tissue using a NIR supercontinuum laser light source with wavelengths in the second and third NIR optical windows (2015)

Supercontinuum light (SC) at wavelengths in the second (1,100 nm to 1,350 nm) and third (1,600 nm to 1,870 nm) NIR optical windows can be used to improve penetration depths of light through tissue and produce clearer images. Image quality is increased due to a reduction in scattering (inverse wavelength power dependence 1/&lambda;n, n≥1). We report on the use of a compact Leukos supercontinuum laser (model STM-2000-IR), which utilizes the spectral range from 700 nm to 2,400 nm and offers between 200 - 500 microwatt/nm power in the second and third NIR windows, with an InGaAs detector to image abnormalities hidden beneath thick tissue.
Induction of protective antibody response by MF59-adjuvanted 2009 pandemic A/H1N1v influenza vaccine in HIV-1-infected individuals (2010)

a single dose of MF59-adjuvanted 2009 influenza H1N1 vaccine induced an immune response against pandemic H1N1 virus in HIV-1-positive individuals reaching titers similar to those of HIV-1-negative individuals. The seroconversion rate was negatively associated with HIV infection and increasing age.
Review of The Connection Machine (1986)

Hillis's book, like its bibliography, has something to offer nearly everyone in the computer science community, even those with no background in computer architecture. The book provides a glimpse of what the next generation of computers will be like.
Inflammation in Atherosclerosis (2006)

These results suggest the feasibility of noninvasively imaging the enzymatic action of MMPs in vivo, an approach that may gauge inflammatory foci in atherosclerosis, assess cardiovascular risk, and evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions.
Quantitative biological imaging by ptychographic x-ray diffraction microscopy (2009)

Recent advances in coherent x-ray diffractive imaging have paved the way to reliable and quantitative imaging of noncompact specimens at the nanometer scale. Introduced a year ago, an advanced implementation of ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging has removed much of the previous limitations regarding sample preparation and illumination conditions. Here, we apply this recent approach toward structure determination at the nanoscale to biological microscopy. We show that the projected electron density of unstained and unsliced freeze-dried cells of the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can be derived from the reconstructed phase in a straightforward and reproducible way, with quantified and small errors. Thus, the approach may contribute in the future to the understanding of the highly disputed nucleoid structure of bacterial cells. In the present study, the estimated resolution for the cells was 85 nm (half-period length), whereas 50-nm resolution was demonstrated for lithographic test structures. With respect to the diameter of the pinhole used to illuminate the samples, a superresolution of about 15 was achieved for the cells and 30 for the test structures, respectively. These values should be assessed in view of the low dose applied on the order of approximately 1.3x10(5) Gy, and were shown to scale with photon fluence.
Spreading waveforms for multi-carrier CDMA systems (2002)

The paper contains an analysis of the basic criteria for the selection of spreading sequences for multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems with spectrum spreading in the frequency domain. It is shown that the time-domain crosscorrelation function between the spreading sequences is not a proper interference measure for the asynchronous MC-CDMA users. Therefore the spectral correlation function is introduced and, together with the crest factor and the dynamic range of the corresponding multicarrier waveforms, is used for the evaluation of MC-CDMA sequences. Some well-known classes of sequences, such as Walsh and Gold sequences, as well as orthogonal Gold and Zadoff-Chu (1972) sequences, are evaluated with respect to the aforementioned basic criteria. It is also shown that the multicarrier spread spectrum waveforms based on the multilevel Huffman sequences can have a lower crest factor than a single sine wave.
Structural Metastability and Size Scalability of Phase-Controlled HfO2 Formed through Cap-PDA (2009)

Cubic phase HfO2 films are prepared by the "Cap-PDA" process, wherein amorphous HfO2 films are annealed after deposition of gate electrodes. A high dielectric constant, as large as 50, is obtained in these cubic phase HfO2 films. Through investigations of electrode materials, such as Si/TaN, Si/TiN and Si, the key material in the Cap-PDA process is found to be Si. In order to obtain a metastable cubic phase, both the initial phase of the HfO2 film before Cap-PDA and thermal management during Cap-PDA are crucial. The advantages of cubic phase HfO2 films in scaled devices are confirmed by demonstrations of sub-1 nm equivalent oxide thickness MOSCAPs and sub-100 nm gate length MOSFETs. Cubic phase HfO2 film, which yields a higher dielectric constant than other lower symmetry phases, is a strong candidate for future scaled CMOS.
Close-up imaging using microcamera arrays for focal plane synthesis (2011)

Conventional close-up imaging uses lens arrays to form a continuous image of an extended object on a single focal plane sensor or photographic film. By imaging using microcamera arrays onto many separate sensors rather than a single large sensor, the subfields captured by individual sensors may be combined using image processing into a large synthetic image plane. This greatly increases the flexibility of the close-up imaging design because it is no longer required that the close up image be continuous. Using microcamera arrays, hundreds or thousands of megapixel sensors may be combined to form a synthetic gigapixel-scale sensor. This paper is an investigation into the design issues of microcamera arrays, and presents a simple design of a lens suitable for a megapixel class microcamera.
Mesenchymal stem cell response to growth factor treatment and low oxygen tension in 3-dimensional construct environment (2014)

low oxygen and TGFβ3 demonstrated a positive effect on cell number, and type I and III collagen expression in 3D culture environments.
Metal-enhanced fluorescence from silver nanoparticle-deposited polycarbonate substrates (2006)

Silver nanoparticles were deposited onto polycarbonate (PC) films by employing sequential surface modification methods. In the first step, PC films were etched either by exposure to ultra-violet radiation or by etching with sodium hydroxide at 70 °C, which resulted in the formation of a mixture of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the films. Next, the PC films were silanized with 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APS) in order to introduce amine terminal groups to the surface. Lastly, silver nanoparticles were deposited onto APS-modified PC films, which occurred due to the well-known affinity of silver nanoparticles towards amine groups. Subsequently, the potential of silver deposited-PC films for metal-enhanced fluorescence applications has been demonstrated.
Fluxomers: a new approach for 13C metabolic flux analysis (2011)

Substantial improvements in convergence time and statistical quality of results can be achieved by applying fluxomer variables and the FIA algorithm to compute best-fit solutions to MFA models. We expect that the fluxomer formulation will provide a more suitable basis for future algorithms that analyze very large scale networks and design optimal isotope labeling experiments.
Mobility characterization of Ge-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with striped Ge channels fabricated by lateral liquid-phase epitaxy (2014)

High-mobility metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) consisting of stripe-shaped local germanium-on-insulator (GOI) structures were fabricated by lateral liquid-phase epitaxy (LLPE). The effective hole mobility of back-gate LLPE-grown GOI MOSFETs was accurately and reliably evaluated with a split capacitance-voltage (C-V) method. The superior effective hole mobility of the GOI devices throughout a wide range of accumulated carrier densities over that for a reference silicon-on-insulator device was demonstrated. A very high peak hole mobility of 511 cm2/Vs and an on/off current ratio of 106, together with phonon scattering limited carrier mobility at high temperatures, indicated not only the excellent crystalline quality of LLPE-grown GOI but also surprisingly good interface quality between Ge and the buried oxide.
An Oral 3D Printed PLGA-Tocopherol PEG Succinate Nanocomposite Hydrogel for High-Dose Methotrexate Delivery in Maintenance Chemotherapy (2022)

High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is one of the chemotherapeutic agents used to treat a variety of cancers in both adults and children. However, the toxicity associated with HDMTX has resulted in the spread of infections and treatment interruption. Further, poor bioavailability due to efflux pump activities mediated by P-glycoprotein has also been linked to poor therapeutic effects of methotrexate following oral administrations. D-α-Tocopheryl poly-ethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) is known to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by inhibiting P-gp efflux activities, thus enhancing cellular uptake. Therefore, to achieve improved bioavailability for MTX, this study aimed to design and develop a novel drug delivery system employing TPGS and a biodegradable polymer, i.e., PLGA, to construct methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles fixated in alginate-gelatine 3D printable hydrogel ink to form a solid 3D printed tablet for oral delivery. The results indicated that high accuracy (>95%) of the 3D printed tablets was achieved using a 25 G needle. In vitro, drug release profiles were investigated at pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 to simulate the gastrointestinal environment. The in vitro release profile displayed a controlled and prolonged release of methotrexate over 24 h. The in silico modeling study displayed P-gp ATPase inhibition, suggesting enhanced MTX absorption from the gastrointestinal site. The 3D-printed hydrogel-based tablet has the potential to overcome the chemotherapeutic challenges that are experienced with conventional therapies.
Septum resection versus expectant management in women with a septate uterus: an international multicentre open-label randomized controlled trial (2021)

20 October 2010.
Physically cross-linked polyethyleneviareactive extrusion (2019)

Ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) is introduced into various polyethylenes (PEs) bearing hydroxyl groups by solution grafting, affording physically cross-linked PE<italic>via</italic>multiple H-bonding.
Identification of the defective genes in three mutant groups of influenza virus (1977)

Seven complementation-recombination groups of temperature-sensitive (ts) influenza WSN virus mutants have been previously isolated. Recently two of these groups (IV and VI) were shown to possess defects in the neuraminidase and the hemagglutinin gene, respectively, and two groups (I and III) were reported to have defects in the P3 and P1 proteins which are required for complementary RNA synthesis. In this communication we report on the defects in the remaining three mutant groups. Wild-type (ts+) recombinants derived from ts mutants and different non-ts influenza viruses were analyzed on RNA polyacrylamide gels. This technique permitted the identification of the P2 protein, the nucleoprotein, and the M protein as the defective gene products in mutant groups II, V, and VII, respectively. Based on the physiological behavior of mutants in groups II and V, it appears that P2 protein and nucleoprotein are required for virion RNA synthesis during influenza virus replication.
Using the Soundtrack to Classify Videos (2011)

Describes classifying environmental sounds, for a panel session discussing the development of "multimedia analytics" -- the science of how people can effectively and efficiently extract information from multimedia content.
Blind equalizers of multichannel linear-quadratic FIR Volterra channels (2002)

Blind equalization of general Volterra models has not been addressed, despite its practical value in communications, acoustics, and physiological modeling. Relying upon diversity (sufficient number of multiple outputs), we establish existence and uniqueness conditions which guarantee that single-input, FIR nonlinear Volterra channels can be perfectly but blindly equalized using linear FIR equalizers. Apart from a minimal order persistence-of-excitation condition (also present with input-output approaches), the inaccessible input is allowed to be deterministic or random and of unknown color or distribution. With the kernels also satisfying a certain co-primeness condition, we develop direct blind equalizers which by-pass the channel estimation step. Preliminary simulations corroborate our analytical results.
A Model Predictive Direct Current Control Strategy With Predictive References for MV Grid-Connected Converters With <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LCL$</tex-math></inline-formula>-Filters (2014)

In this paper, a new model predictive direct current control (MPDCC) strategy is proposed for a medium-voltage (MV) neutral-point-clamped converter with an LCL-filter-based connection to the grid. The proposed strategy addresses the issues of resonance damping and harmonic attenuation through the virtual resistor (VR) concept, and is thus, termed MPDCC-VR. Because MPDCC is capable of achieving very long prediction horizons, the VR-based reference terms are predicted in conjunction with the state trajectories at each time-step, thus enabling more accurate decisions to be made by the controller. Simulation results verify the applicability of the MPDCC-VR to an MV case study. It is shown that the proposed approach exhibits a very good level of steady-state performance in the presence of grid voltage distortion, and at the chosen operating point is capable of substantially outperforming multiloop control with space vector modulation. Experimental results, which are provided for a down-scaled prototype, show excellent agreement with those obtained in simulation, further validating the proposed MPDCC-VR strategy.
Homogeneity of antibody-producing cells as analysed by their buoyant density in gradients of Ficoll. (1970)

Ficoll, a polymer of sucrose, has several advantages over proteins for preparation of density gradients used to study mammalian cells. In addition to its ease of preparation, Ficoll as a result of being an uncharged molecule, does not bind ions from solution and, therefore, does not affect the osmolality of the medium in which it is dissolved. In studies on antibody-producing cells we found that the measurement of buoyant density in Ficoll at pH 7.2 gives an accurate measurement of cell density. In such gradients antibody-producing cells band in a single peak at a density of 1.070 g/cm(3). Two factors have a profound influence on the density profile of antibody-producing cells. Lowering the pH to 5.5 lowers their buoyant density to 1.062 g/cm(3). Creation of an inverse osmotic gradient varying from 294 m-osmolal at the top of the gradient to 286 m-osmolal at the bottom splits the single peak of antibody-producing cells into three distinct peaks. This effect of osmotic gradients could account for the multiple peaks observed when cells are separated on protein gradients.
Attenuated Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 Expressing the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Fusion (F) Glycoprotein from an Added Gene: Effects of Prefusion Stabilization and Packaging of RSV F (2017)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent worldwide cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV1) also causes severe pediatric respiratory illness, especially croup. Both viruses lack vaccines. Here, we describe the preclinical development of a bivalent RSV/HPIV1 vaccine based on a recombinant HPIV1 vector, attenuated by a stabilized mutation, that expresses RSV F protein modified for increased stability in the prefusion (pre-F) conformation by previously described disulfide bond (DS) and hydrophobic cavity-filling (Cav1) mutations. RSV F was expressed from the first or second gene position as the full-length protein or as a chimeric protein with its transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail (TMCT) domains substituted with those of HPIV1 F in an effort to direct packaging in the vector particles. All constructs were recovered by reverse genetics. The TMCT versions of RSV F were packaged in the rHPIV1 particles much more efficiently than their full-length counterparts. In hamsters, the presence of the RSV F gene, and in particular the TMCT versions, was attenuating and resulted in reduced immunogenicity. However, the vector expressing full-length RSV F from the pre-N position was immunogenic for RSV and HPIV1. It conferred complement-independent high-quality RSV-neutralizing antibodies at titers similar to those of wild-type RSV and provided protection against RSV challenge. The vectors exhibited stable RSV F expression <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> In conclusion, an attenuated rHPIV1 vector expressing a pre-F-stabilized form of RSV F demonstrated promising immunogenicity and should be further developed as an intranasal pediatric vaccine.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> RSV and HPIV1 are major viral causes of acute pediatric respiratory illness for which no vaccines or suitable antiviral drugs are available. The RSV F glycoprotein is the major RSV neutralization antigen. We used a rHPIV1 vector, bearing a stabilized attenuating mutation, to express the RSV F glycoprotein bearing amino acid substitutions that increase its stability in the pre-F form, the most immunogenic form that elicits highly functional virus-neutralizing antibodies. RSV F was expressed from the pre-N or N-P gene position of the rHPIV1 vector as a full-length protein or as a chimeric form with its TMCT domain derived from HPIV1 F. TMCT modification greatly increased packaging of RSV F into the vector particles but also increased vector attenuation <i>in vivo</i>, resulting in reduced immunogenicity. In contrast, full-length RSV F expressed from the pre-N position was immunogenic, eliciting complement-independent RSV-neutralizing antibodies and providing protection against RSV challenge.