gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Spectrum Access with IEEE 802.11 in IEEE P1900.4 Framework (2008)

This paper presents a use case scenario of IEEE P1900.4 standard designed to achieve temporal opportunistic spectrum access within IEEE802.11 bands. This offers a flexible framework that allows better utilization of radio resources and thus increases spectral efficiency. In this work, we propose a complete framework including scenario description with IEEE P1900.4 and ad-hoc reinforcement techniques for efficient opportunistic spectrum access. Thus, we propose to use the multi armed bandit approach at the terminal side. Results prove this method to achieve overall good results in performing opportunistic access within IEEE802.11 bands.
Formulation, Antimicrobial and Toxicity Evaluation of Bioceramic based Ofloxacin Loaded Biodegradable Microspheres for Periodontal Infection (2012)

In the present study an attempt has been made to load Poly (Lactic-Co-glycolic acid) microspheres with hydroxyapatite (HA) and ofloxacin and propose the composite microspheres to be used as local drug delivery system with the drug releasing capability for periodontitis treatment. A modified single emulsion method has been used for the preparation of microspheres. Experiments were conducted to optimize the formulation by RSM-Box-Behnken Method, which is an independent quadratic design involving three or four independent variables against a pre determined set of dependant parameters. The particle size of composite microspheres was analyzed and the average size was found to be 22.05 μm. Photomicrographs and scanning electron micrographs showed that the composite microspheres are spherical in shape and porous in nature. The microbiological activity of optimized formulation was evaluated using strain: S. aureus-ATCC- 29213 and E. coli-ATCC-25922. In vivo/in situ toxicity evaluation of the formulation was assessed by MTT assay and the formulation was found to be biocompatible.
Interpretable Machine Learning for Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (2022)

This work proposes an interpretable radiomics approach to differentiate between malignant and benign focal liver lesions (FLLs) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Although CEUS has shown promise for differential FLLs diagnosis, current clinical assessment is performed only by qualitative analysis of the contrast enhancement patterns. Quantitative analysis is often hampered by the unavoidable presence of motion artifacts and by the complex, spatiotemporal nature of liver contrast enhancement, consisting of multiple, overlapping vascular phases. To fully exploit the wealth of information in CEUS, while coping with these challenges, here we propose combining features extracted by the temporal and spatiotemporal analysis in the arterial phase enhancement with spatial features extracted by texture analysis at different time points. Using the extracted features as input, several machine learning classifiers are optimized to achieve semiautomatic FLLs characterization, for which there is no need for motion compensation and the only manual input required is the location of a suspicious lesion. Clinical validation on 87 FLLs from 72 patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed promising performance, achieving a balanced accuracy of 0.84 in the distinction between benign and malignant lesions. Analysis of feature relevance demonstrates that a combination of spatiotemporal and texture features is needed to achieve the best performance. Interpretation of the most relevant features suggests that aspects related to microvascular perfusion and the microvascular architecture, together with the spatial enhancement characteristics at wash-in and peak enhancement, are important to aid the accurate characterization of FLLs.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MYC Activity Mitigates Response to Rapamycin in Prostate Cancer through Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E–Binding Protein 1–Mediated Inhibition of Autophagy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from MYC Activity Mitigates Response to Rapamycin in Prostate Cancer through Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E–Binding Protein 1–Mediated Inhibition of Autophagy
Semantic Feature Discovery with Code Mining and Semantic Type Detection (2022)

In recent years, the automation of machine learning and data science (AutoML) has attracted significant attention. One under-explored dimension of AutoML is being able to automatically utilize domain knowledge (such as semantic concepts and relationships) located in historical code or literature from the problem's domain. In this paper, we demonstrate Semantic Feature Discovery, which enables users to interactively explore features semantically discovered from existing data science code and external knowledge. It does so by detecting semantic concepts for a given dataset, and then using these concepts to determine relevant feature engineering operations from historical code and knowledge.
A high-contrast coronagraph for the MMT using phase apodization: design and observations at 5 microns and 2 λ/ D radius (2006)

We report on the first implementation of phase apodization for high-contrast imaging at close inner working angle. It is designed for use in the 5 micron M band with the adaptive optics system at the MMT, which uses a deformable secondary for low thermal background and achieves a Strehl ratio of 90% at 5 microns. The method uses a diamond-turned ZnSe phase plate located at a cold pupil stop to diffract starlight into an "anti-halo" which suppresses the Airy diffraction pattern over a semi-circular region around the star. The design was optimized for strong suppression from the first bright Airy ring out to the control radius achievable with the MMT deformable secondary, about 9 &#955;/D. The time-averaged PSF of a bright star agrees well with the design profile, the core with FWHM of 0.18 arcsec showing the diffraction-limited resolution of the full aperture. At 0.34 arcsec radius (2 &#955;/D) the floor level is 3.5x10<sup>-3</sup> of the central peak, limited by residual atmospheric errors with 3 m wavelength across the aperture. The measured fluctuations at this radius averaged over 20 seconds are 2.5x10<sup>-4</sup> rms (9 magnitudes down from the peak). With the addition of active feedback to control residual speckles caused by static wavefront errors and with longer exposures, we project that exoplanet searches should reach 5 &#963; sensitivity level > 10 magnitudes in an hour of integration.
Message from the Editors to our Reviewers (2015)

Between April 1, 2015, and September 30, 2015, Neurology ® received 2,642 new and 567 revised manuscripts (compared to 2,366 new and 646 revised manuscripts during the same period in 2014). We received 4,645 peer reviews during this same interval (compared to 4,438 during the same period in 2014). Average time from submission to first decision for papers chosen for review was 36 days. We are able to accept only a minority of submitted papers and must make difficult decisions regarding which articles will most benefit our readers and improve patient care. Your thoughtful comments regarding the uniqueness of study populations, novel methods, studies that are especially educational, or new strategies for diagnosing and treating neurologic disease are tremendously helpful and highly appreciated. We are also grateful for your cooperation in returning reviews in a timely manner.
LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: DS102: A bioactive lipid for the treatment of chronic pulmonary disorders (2016)

<b>Background</b> DS102 is a bioactive lipid with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic effects. The utility of this bioactive lipid for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic pulmonary diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been explored before. <b>Methods</b> (1) A tissue distribution study was performed to assess the tissue levels of DS102 after 7 days dosing in rats. (2) Lung fibroblasts isolated from IPF patients were stimulated with TGF-β to assess the anti-fibrotic effects of DS102. (3) Oral administration of DS102 was investigated in a bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. (4) A histamine model of bronchoconstriction was performed to assess the bronchodilatory effects of DS102. <b>Results</b> (1) The tissue distribution study showed that DS102, after oral administration, was significantly increased in the lung tissue as compared to non-treated controls. (2) DS102 significantly reduced collagen and α-SMA measured by ELISA and immunofluorescence in TGF-β treated fibroblasts isolated from IPF patients. (3) In the bleomycin model, oral treatment with DS102 significantly decreased inflammatory cell influx (specifically lymphocytes and neutrophils) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid when compared to vehicle control treated mice. DS102 also reduced soluble collagen and significantly decreased the Ashcroft lung fibrosis histological score. (4) DS102 was also shown to have significant bronchodilating activity in the histamine induced model of bronchoconstriction. <b>Conclusions</b> The above results, taken together with the strong safety profile seen in healthy volunteers, supports progression of DS102 into phase II clinical trials in COPD and IPF.
Substituent effects in heterocyclic systems by carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Isoxazoles (1981)

Abstract The carbon‐13 nmr spectra of a series of 3‐aryl‐5‐phenylisoxazoles (I) and 3‐phenyl‐5‐arylisoxazoles (II) have been recorded and the signals assigned. Carbon‐13 data for series I show little effect of substituent on the chemical shift of the isoxazole ring carbons. However, a plot of the carbon‐13 chemical shift of carbon‐5 in the isoxazole system I versus the chemical shift of carbon‐3 in the 3‐(4′‐aryl)‐1‐phenylpropenones gives a straight line (r = .989) with a slope of 0.35. In series II, the chemical shifts of both carbon‐4 and ‐5 are relatively sensitive to substituent effects. Fair correlations between Hammett sigma values and the chemical shifts of these two carbons are found; dual substituent parameter treatment improves the correlations. The results obtained from correlations with carbon‐4 in series II are similar to those obtained from β‐carbons of a number of styrene systems. The data show that carbon‐4 in series II is approximately 20% less sensitive to substituent effects than the previously reported data for carbon‐3 of 2‐arylfurans. Transmission of substituent effects in the isoxazole system compare well with those of the benzothiazole system.
A fully integrated 16-channel RSFQ autocorrelator operating at 11 GHz (1999)

We present the results of low- and high-speed testing of a fully integrated all-digital one-bit RSFQ autocorrelator for short-millimeter and submillimeter wave spectrometry applications. The 16-channel device, complete with a 16/spl times/9 array of binary counters, on-chip double-oversampling quantizer and on-chip clock was operational at clock speeds of up to 11 GHz. The total number of Josephson junctions in the design was 1672, while the estimated total power dissipation was less than 0.1 mW. For high-speed testing of the device we have developed a specialized 16-channel room-temperature interface capable of real-time data acquisition at a 16 Mbps-per-channel output rate. Extensive high-speed on-chip testing of the autocorrelator has also been performed, both in analog and digital modes, in the latter mode with an additional on-chip clock controller. All chips were fabricated in HYPRES' standard 3.5 /spl mu/m-10 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m/sup 2/ Nb-trilayer process. We also present a new concept of a 128-channel autocorrelator system built on 8 independent identical chips with approximately 2,500 Josephson junctions per chip, i.e. within the reach of the present-day fabrication technology.
Scalable Multi-Robot System for Non-myopic Spatial Sampling. (2021)

This paper presents a distributed scalable multi-robot planning algorithm for non-uniform sampling of quasi-static spatial fields. We address the problem of efficient data collection using multiple autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we are interested in analyzing the effect of communication between multiple robots, acting independently, on the overall sampling performance of the team. Our focus is on distributed sampling problem where the robots are operating independent of their teammates, but have the ability to communicate their states to other neighbors with a constraint on the communication range. We design and apply an informed non-myopic path planning technique on multiple robotic platforms to efficiently collect measurements from a spatial field. Our proposed approach is highly adaptive to challenging environments, growing team size, and runs in real-time, which are the key features for any real-world scenario. The results show that our distributed sampling approach is able to achieve efficient sampling with minimal communication between the robots. We evaluate our approach in simulation over multiple distributions commonly occurring in nature and on the real-world data collected during a field trial.
Ultrathin NiGe Films Prepared via Catalytic Solid–Vapor Reaction of Ni with GeH4 (2013)

A low-temperature (225-300 °C) solid-vapor reaction process is reported for the synthesis of ultrathin NiGe films (∼6-23 nm) on 300 mm Si wafers covered with thermal oxide. The films were prepared via catalytic chemical vapor reaction of germane (GeH4) gas with physical vapor deposited (PVD) Ni films of different thickness (2-10 nm). The process optimization by investigating GeH4 partial pressure, reaction temperature, and time shows that low resistive, stoichiometric, and phase pure NiGe films can be formed within a broad window. NiGe films crystallized in an orthorhombic structure and were found to exhibit a smooth morphology with homogeneous composition as evidenced by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Rutherford back-scattering (RBS) analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that the NiGe layers exhibit a good adhesion without voids and a sharp interface on the thermal oxide. The NiGe films were found to be morphologically and structurally stable up to 500 °C and exhibit a resistivity value of 29 μΩ cm for 10 nm NiGe films.
A Single α‐Helical Turn Stabilized by Replacement of an Internal Hydrogen Bond with a Covalent Ethylene Bridge (2009)

Walking the carbon bridge to helix stabilization: α-Helix mimetics have been synthesized that contain an ethylene linkage in place of an (i,i+4) hydrogen bond (see structure). The smallest unit possible, a modified pentapeptide, shows the characteristic features of a helix (see CD spectrum). Incorporation of this carbon bridge into a peptide represents the first example of replacement of an internal backbone hydrogen bond. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multimodal Knowledge Graph for Deep Learning Papers and Code (2020)

Keeping up with the rapid growth of Deep Learning (DL) research is a daunting task. While existing scientific literature search systems provide text search capabilities and can identify similar papers, gaining an in-depth understanding of a new approach or an application is much more complicated. Many publications leverage multiple modalities to convey their findings and spread their ideas - they include pseudocode, tables, images and diagrams in addition to text, and often make publicly accessible their implementations. It is important to be able to represent and query them as well. We utilize RDF Knowledge graphs (KGs) to represent multimodal information and enable expressive querying over modalities. In our demo we present an approach for extracting KGs from different modalities, namely text, architecture images and source code. We show how graph queries can be used to get insights into different facets (modalities) of a paper, and its associated code implementation. Our innovation lies in the multimodal nature of the KG we create. While our work is of direct interest to DL researchers and practitioners, our approaches can also be leveraged in other scientific domains.
A type of shadowing and distributional chaos (2021)

For any continuous self-map of a compact metric space, we prove a saturation of distributionally scrambled Mycielski sets under a type of shadowing and the chain transitivity. This extends a result of J. Li, J. Li, and S. Tu, Devaney chaos plus shadowing implies distributional chaos, Chaos 26 (2016), 093103, 6 pp.
Disorder-enhanced nonlinear delocalization in segmented waveguide arrays (2012)

Nonlinearity and disorder in discrete systems give rise to fascinating dynamics in various fields of physics. Photonic lattices allow investigation of them in an optical context. The very nature of discrete propagation allows perfect reconstruction of arbitrary initial wave packets by introducing phase shifts to specific lattice sites. We investigate, both numerically and experimentally, the interplay of nonlinearity with this so-called segmentation imaging in the presence of disorder. We find that whereas in the linear regime perfect imaging is achieved for arbitrary amounts of coupling disorder, the onset of nonlinear self-focusing generally destroys imaging. Interestingly, the influence of Anderson localization in strongly disordered lattices renders the imaging significantly more susceptible to nonlinear perturbations.
Evaluation of a Lead-Free Ultra Low Temperature Co-Fire Ceramic (ULTCC) Tape Designed for Lamination on Aluminum Substrates and a Compatible Co-Fireable Silver Conductor (2016)

Abstract Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are the product of choice for many commercial and industrial lighting applications. Due to increasing power densities, alternative mounting solutions are being evaluated in order to achieve the lowest junction temperatures and lowest thermal resistances. Previous papers have explored the benefits of using a thick film system as opposed to a traditional Metal Core Printed Circuit Board (MCPCB). The advantage of being able to directly insulate a heat sink eliminates additional MCPCB layers and mechanical attachment that can decrease the thermal conductivity of the module and increase cost. Lower thermal resistance results in higher performing LED modules at a lower cost and a longer lifetime. A process has been developed and evaluated where an ultra-low temperature co-fired ceramic (ULTCC) tape will be laminsated directly on to an aluminum heat sink in order to electrically isolate the substrate. The green tape will then have a silver conductor applied to it and fired in one step. Using a tape system as opposed to an ink system creates many advantages. The tape system allows for processing in cavities, which is beneficial for recessed lighting and three-dimensional substrates. The co-firing silver conductor reduces the number of firing steps, leading to less dimensional variation of the heat sink and lower processing costs. This paper will discuss the material solutions, processing requirements, and reliability data for a completely co-fired ULTCC system on aluminum.
Perceived length across the physiological blind spot (1995)

Objects falling across the physiological blind spot appear "complete" despite the absence of photoreceptors. Completion of objects may occur across the blind spot because (1) the blind spot is filled in with the background (the associative explanation); (2) the opposite sides of the blind spot may be contiguously represented in the cortex (i.e. the blind spot is simply sewn up-the retinotopic explanation); or (3) the blind spot may be sewn up, with compensatory expansion occurring around the blind spot (the compensation explanation). These theories would predict no size distortions regardless of object size; constant size distortions regardless of object size; and distortions that depend on the size of the object, respectively. To evaluate these explanations, we measured size distortions at the blind spot. We measured length distortions at the blind spot using a criterion-free two-alternative forced-choice method with feedback. Observers compared the lengths of test bars presented across the blind spot with lengths of reference bars presented at the corresponding location in the fellow eye. Test bar lengths ranged from 7-14 deg. Reference bar lengths were in the range of +/- 3 deg of test bar length. From the observers' responses the perceived length of each bar at the blind spot was estimated. Estimates of the precision of length discrimination at the blind spot were also obtained. Our results were consistent with the associative explanation. In all seven observers, length distortions at the blind spot were smaller than 1 deg (< 20% of the vertical height of the blind spot) for all bar lengths tested. For bars that were presented across the blind spot, the precision with which observers could discriminate length was comparable to that of normal periphery (Weber fraction approximately 20%). Both the veridicality and precision of perceived length are preserved around the blind spot.
Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma and potential suppression of cancer stemness (2021)

Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires multimodal therapy, including surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). CCRT-resistant and recurrent cancer has a poor prognosis. We investigated the effects of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) on CCRT-resistant OSCC tissues. The effect of ibrutinib, a first-in-class BTK inhibitor, was tested on stem cell-like OSCC tumorspheres. A tissue array was constructed using tissue samples from 70 patients with OSCC. Human OSCC cell lines, SAS, TW2.6 and HSC-3, were examined. Wound healing, Matrigel invasion, and tumorsphere formation assays, as well as immunofluorescence analysis and flow cytometry, were used to investigate the effects of BTK knockdown (shBTK), ibrutinib, cisplatin, and ibrutinib/cisplatin combination on OSCC cells. We demonstrated that BTK was aberrantly highly expressed in the clinical CCRT-resistant OSCC tissue array, which resulted in poor overall survival in our local Tri-Service General Hospital and freely accessible TCGA OSCC cohorts. shBTK significantly downregulated the stemness markers Nanog, CD133, T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in SAS tumorspheres and attenuated OSCC cell migration and colony formation. Ibrutinib reduced the number of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-rich OSCC cells and reduced tumorsphere formation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with ibrutinib or cisplatin monotherapy, the ibrutinib/cisplatin combination significantly reduced the formation of ALDH + OSCC tumorspheres and enhanced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that ibrutinib effectively inhibits the CSCs-like phenotype of OSCC cells through dysregulation of BTK/CD133 signaling. The ibrutinib/cisplatin combination may be considered for future clinical use.