gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasmall Mode Volumes in Plasmonic Cavities of Nanoparticle‐On‐Mirror Structures (2016)

The mode volume and Purcell factor are two important parameters to assess the performance of optical nanocavities. Achieving small mode volumes and high Purcell factors for nanocavity structures while simplifying their fabrication has been a major task to realize high-performance and large-scale photonic devices and systems. Different optical resonators based on nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) structures are systematically analyzed, which are easy to fabricate and flexible to use. Direct comparison of these optical resonators is made through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The achievement of ultrasmall mode volumes below 10<sup>-7</sup> (λ/n)3 based on the NPoM structure through FDTD simulations is demonstrated by rationally selecting the structural parameters. Such NPoM structures provide a decent Purcell factor on the order of 10<sup>7</sup> , which can effectively enhance spontaneous emission and facilitate a number of photonic applications. The simulation results are confirmed by dark field scattering and second-harmonic generation measurements. This work is scientifically important and offers practical guidelines for the design of optical resonators for state-of-the-art optical and photonic devices.
A 'BACK TO BASICS' APPROACH TO HIGHWAY ASSET MANAGEMENT (AND CAN MODERN TECHNOLOGY HELP?) (2003)

The paper will show that the historical, basic underlying principles of highway asset management remain valid today, despite many advances and changes in materials, equipment, procurement, public expectation and legislation in recent years. A back to basics approach is encouraged, from which the key building blocks of a sound highway management system can be readily developed. The authors will then explain how modem technology (ranging from relatively low-tech, low-cost systems to address individual building blocks, to complex, fully integrated highway management systems) can be effective in assisting engineers in such an approach. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E210218.
Microwave-induced organic reaction enhancement chemistry. 2. Simplified techniques (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrowave-induced organic reaction enhancement chemistry. 2. Simplified techniquesAjay K. Bose, Maghar S. Manhas, Malay Ghosh, Mamta Shah, Vegesna S. Raju, Shamsher S. Bari, Sarder N. Newaz, Bimal K. Banik, Ashok G. Chaudhary, and Khaled J. BarakatCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 25, 6968–6970Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00025a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00025a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1198Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protonolysis of a Ruthenium–Carbene Bond and Applications in Olefin Metathesis (2011)

The synthesis of a ruthenium complex containing an N-heterocylic carbene (NHC) and a mesoionic carbene (MIC) is described wherein addition of a Brønsted acid results in protonolysis of the Ru-MIC bond to generate an extremely active metathesis catalyst. Mechanistic studies implicated a rate-determining protonation step in the generation of the metathesis-active species. The activity of the NHC/MIC catalyst was found to exceed those of current commercial ruthenium catalysts.
Effect of prophylactic colchicine therapy on leukocyte function in patients with familial mediterranean fever (1976)

Patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) who were part of a double-blind trial of daily colchicine as prophylaxis for their disease had leukocyte functions studied while receiving colchicine or placebo. Leukocytes taken from these patients while on prophylactic doses of colchicine produced normal quantities of leukocytic pyrogen, ingested bacteria normally, and migrated normally in chemotatic chambers. In addition these patients had normal numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes as well as normal blastogenic reponses of their peripheral lymphocytes to mitogenic stimuli. The patients on colchicine, however, had significantly fewer neutrophils and monocytes accumulating at skin-window sites 24 hours after the initial abrasion. Because the early phase of the skin-window response was normal in these patients, the decreased late response may be related to a failure to amplify the initial inflammatory reaction. The reduced capacity to generate a normal inflammatory response may account for the failure of these patients to develop full attacks while taking colchicine.
A management concept for ocean observatories based on Web services (2005)

The proliferation of ocean observatories without internationally agreed-upon standards for instrument/user interfaces and observatory control functions is inhibiting interoperability and utilization of disparate datasets. This is in turn limiting the scientific impact of ocean observatories and increasing their operating costs. Hardware-based standards are not feasible given the different internal architectures of existing and planned ocean observatories. This paper proposes that instrument, data, and observatory control processes be wrapped with Web services which will provide a global software standard for these observatory functions. In addition to facilitating interoperability, state-full Web services with workflow bindings for observatory instrument and data services will enable dynamic user control of the observatory configuration and the creation of multiple virtual instrument networks within one or more ocean observatories. These concepts are defined and illustrated through a number of use scenarios
The Two-Component Sensor KinB Acts as a Phosphatase To Regulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence (2012)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is capable of causing both acute and chronic infections. P. aeruginosa virulence is subject to sophisticated regulatory control by two-component systems that enable it to sense and respond to environmental stimuli. We recently reported that the two-component sensor KinB regulates virulence in acute P. aeruginosa infection. Furthermore, it regulates acute-virulence-associated phenotypes such as pyocyanin production, elastase production, and motility in a manner independent of its kinase activity. Here we show that KinB regulates virulence through the global sigma factor AlgU, which plays a key role in repressing P. aeruginosa acute-virulence factors, and through its cognate response regulator AlgB. However, we show that rather than phosphorylating AlgB, KinB's primary role in the regulation of virulence is to act as a phosphatase to dephosphorylate AlgB and alleviate phosphorylated AlgB's repression of acute virulence.
Human epithelial stem cells in corneal regeneration and epidermal gene therapy (2010)

Adult stem cells are cells with a high capacity for self‐renewal that can produce terminally differentiated progeny. Stem cells generate an intermediate population of committed progenitors, often referred to as transit amplifying (TA) cells, that terminally differentiate after a limited number of cell divisions. Human keratinocyte stem cells are clonogenic and are known as holoclones. Human corneal stem cells are segregated in the limbus while limbal‐derived TA cells form the corneal epithelium. Self‐renewal and proliferation and deifferentiation of limbal stem cells are regulated by the ΔNp63 (α,β and γ), C/EBPδ and Bmi1 transcription factors. Cultivated limbal stem cells generate sheets of corneal epithelium suitable for clinical application. We report long‐term (up to 10 years) clinical results obtained in an homogeneous group of 112 patients presenting with corneal opacification and visual loss due to chemical burn‐dependent limbal stem cell deficiency. The corneal epithelium and the visual acuity of these patients have been restored by grafts of autologous cultured limbal keratinocytes. Clinical results were assessed by Kaplan‐Meyer, Chi‐square, Mann Whitney, Mc‐Nemar and Kruskal‐Wallis statistical analyses. Mutations in genes encoding the basement membrane component laminin 5 (LAM5) cause junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), a devastating and often fatal skin adhesion disorder. Epidermal stem cells from an adult patient affected by LAM5‐β3‐deficient JEB were transduced with a retroviral vector expressing the β3 cDNA and used to prepare genetically corrected cultured epidermal grafts. Nine grafts were transplanted onto surgically prepared regions of the patient's legs. Engraftment was complete after 8 days. Synthesis and proper assembly of normal levels of functional LAM5 was observed, together with the development of a firmly adherent epidermis that remained stable for the duration of the follow‐up (3.5 years) in the absence of blisters, infections, inflammation or immune response. Proviral integration site analysis indicated that the regenerated epidermis is maintained by a defined repertoire of transduced stem cells. These data show that ex vivo gene therapy of JEB is feasible and leads to full functional correction of the disease.
Investigation on the Effect of Hydroxyapatite Nanorod on Cement Hydration and Strength Development (2021)

This work investigated the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods on the strength development and hydration of cement. Undispersed HA nanorods (HA-UD) and dispersed HA nanorods (HA-DN) were prepared by atom-efficient neutralization. The strength of mortars modified by HA nanorods was tested, as well as their compatibility with supplementary cementitious material. The hydration of HA-modified cement pastes was characterized via <i>in situ</i> X-ray diffraction, isothermal calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. As the results suggest, the undispersed HA-DN caused a considerable increase in superplasticizer demand to achieve the same level of flow. Both HA nanorods showed a significant accelerating effect on early hydration, with approximately 100% strength enhancement at 12 h at 2.0% dosage. The effect on early strength of the nanorods is retained in systems with up to 30% fly ash in the binder mass. According to the characterizations, the rate of the hydration reaction in the acceleration period was enhanced by HA nanorods, and C3S consumption was also increased. In all of the testing situations, HA-DN showed superior performance, likely due to improved spatial distribution of the hydroxyapatites. The results suggest that proper dispersion of the nanorods is necessary to optimize its performance.
Optimizing INTRA/INTER Coding Mode Decisions (1997)

In this paper, we present a new approach for INTRA/INTER mode decisions. In the current MPEG verification model (VM), the coding mode for each macroblock is selected by comparing the energy of predictive residuals. Specifically speaking, the INTRA/INTER decision is determined by comparing the variance of the macroblock pixels against the predictive residuals. However, the coding mode selected by the VM criteria does not result in the optimal coding performance. We observe that in deciding which of the various coding modes is best, one should not only consider spending bits for coding the prediction residuals but also consider spending bits for coding motion vectors. The simulation results show that our method provides better SNR while using the same amount of bits. 1 Introduction The MPEG video coding standards specify a general coding methodology and syntax for generating compliant MPEG bitstreams. However, many opportunities still exist to improve the coding efficiency. This flexibi...
Oxathiaphospholane Approach to the Synthesis of P-Chiral, Isotopomeric Deoxy(ribonucleoside phosphorothioate)s and Phosphates Labeled with an Oxygen Isotope (2001)

Diastereomerically pure and isotopically labeled 5′-O-DMT-nucleoside-3′-O-(2-thio- and -oxo-4,4-“spiro”-pentamethylene-1,3,2-[18O]oxathiaphospholane)s were used for stereocontrolled synthesis of P-chiral, isotopically labeled oligonucleotide phosphorothioates and phosphates, as well as “chimeric” PS18O/P18O oligomers (see scheme) without loss of isotope enrichment. DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, DMT=4,4′-dimethoxytrityl, ROH=3′-O-acetylthymidine, Bz=benzoyl
Gene-based association studies report genetic links for clinical subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (2017)

Genome-wide association studies in frontotemporal dementia showed limited success in identifying associated loci. This is possibly due to small sample size, allelic heterogeneity, small effect sizes of single genetic variants, and the necessity to statistically correct for testing millions of genetic variants. To overcome these issues, we performed gene-based association studies on 3348 clinically identified frontotemporal dementia cases and 9390 controls (discovery, replication and joint-cohort analyses). We report association of APOE and TOMM40 with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, and ARHGAP35 and SERPINA1 with progressive non-fluent aphasia. Further, we found the ɛ2 and ɛ4 alleles of APOE harbouring protective and risk increasing effects, respectively, in clinical subtypes of frontotemporal dementia against neurologically normal controls. The APOE-locus association with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia indicates its potential risk-increasing role across different neurodegenerative diseases, whereas the novel genetic associations of ARHGAP35 and SERPINA1 with progressive non-fluent aphasia point towards a potential role of the stress-signalling pathway in its pathophysiology.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of PbS and PbSe Quantum Dots (2010)

We measure the size dependent two-photon absorption (2PA) and multi-exciton generation (MEG) efficiency in lead-salt quantum dots (QD). The results are discussed in view of the uniquely symmetric band structure of these materials.
Design for inspection methodology for fast in-line eBeam defect detection (2023)

This paper presents a novel methodology called Design-for-Inspection (DFI) that enables sensitive inline pickup for failure mechanisms previously undetectable until product test (wafer sort, final test, HTOL) or field failures. Dummy filler cells are replaced in the physical design flow by DFI-enabled filler cells which are designed to be sensitive to specific failure modes without any area penalty. To achieve very high inspection throughput, we have developed a proprietary vector scanning eBeam Voltage Contrast tool called eProbe 250 which is capable of inspecting up to 5 billion Devices Under Test (DUT) per hour. Due to novel processing of gray levels the system is capable of detecting not only the hard defects such as shorts or opens, but also the soft failures, namely leakages and resistive contacts and vias. We illustrate this methodology by several examples from the most recent FinFET technology nodes.
Breast cancer in a case of Shwachman Diamond syndrome (2011)

Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterized by neutropenia, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, and cancer predisposition. Patients are at risk for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) but, unlike other IBMFS, there have been no reported cases of solid tumors. We report a novel case of a solid tumor in a patient with SDS and biallelic mutations in the Shwachman Bodian Diamond Syndrome gene (SBDS). Whether the development of breast cancer in this patient is due to SDS or an isolated case due to unknown factors requires further study.
Differential effects of spermatogenesis and fertility in mice lacking androgen receptor in individual testis cells (2006)

Using a Cre-Lox conditional knockout strategy, we generated a germ cell-specific androgen receptor (AR) knockout mouse (G-AR(-/y)) with normal spermatogenesis. Sperm count and motility in epididymis from AR(-/y) mice are similar to that of WT (G-AR(+/y)) mice. Furthermore, fertility tests show there was no difference in fertility, and almost 100% of female pups sired by G-AR(-/y) males younger than 15 weeks carried the deleted AR allele, suggesting the efficient AR knockout occurred in germ cells during meiosis. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence showing male mice without AR in germ cells can still have normal spermatogenesis and fertility, suggesting the essential roles of AR during spermatogenesis might come from indirect cell-cell communication in a paracrine fashion. We then compared the consequences of AR loss in the spermatogenesis and fertility of G-AR(-/y) mice with two other testicular cell-specific AR(-/y) mice and total AR knockout male mice. The results provide clear in vivo evidence that androgen/AR signaling in Sertoli cells plays a direct important role in spermatogenesis and in Leydig cells plays an autocrine regulatory role to modulate Leydig cell steroidogenic function. Total AR knockout male mice have the most severe defects among these mice. These contrasting data with G-AR(-/y) mice suggest AR might have different roles in the various cells within testis to contribute to normal spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.
IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Routing Header (2017)

This specification introduces a new IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless
Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) dispatch type for use in 6LoWPAN
route-over topologies, which initially covers the needs of Routing
Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) data packet
compression (RFC 6550). Using this dispatch type, this specification
defines a method to compress the RPL Option (RFC 6553) information and
Routing Header type 3 (RFC 6554), an efficient IP-in-IP technique, and
is extensible for more applications.
Radar Resource Management for Multi-Target Tracking Using Model Predictive Control (2021)

The radar resource management problem in a multi-target tracking scenario is considered. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are used to describe each tracking task. Model predictive control is applied to solve the POMDPs in a non-myopic way. As a result, the computational complexity compared to stochastic optimization methods such as policy rollout is dramatically reduced while the resource allocation results maintain similar. This is shown through simulations of dynamic multi-target tracking scenarios in which the cost and computational complexity of different approaches are compared.
Is gonococcal disease preventable? The importance of understanding immunity and pathogenesis in vaccine development (2016)

Gonorrhea is a major, global public health problem for which there is no vaccine. The continuing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains raises concerns that untreatable Neisseria gonorrhoeae may become widespread in the near future. Consequently, there is an urgent need for increased efforts towards the development of new anti-gonococcal therapeutics and vaccines, as well as suitable models for potential pre-clinical vaccine trials. Several current issues regarding gonorrhea are discussed herein, including the global burden of disease, the emergence of antibiotic-resistance, the status of vaccine development and, in particular, a focus on the model systems available to evaluate drug and vaccine candidates. Finally, alternative approaches to evaluate vaccine candidates are presented. Such approaches may provide valuable insights into the protective mechanisms, and correlates of protection, required to prevent gonococcal transmission, local infection and disease sequelae.
Fast, Non-Monte-Carlo Estimation of Transient Performance Variation Due to Device Mismatch (2010)

This paper describes an efficient way of simulating the effects of device random mismatch on circuit transient characteristics, such as variations in delay or in frequency. The proposed method models DC random offsets as equivalent AC pseudo-noises and leverages the fast, linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) noise analysis available from RF circuit simulators. Therefore, the method can be considered as an extension to DCMATCH analysis and offers a large speed-up compared to the traditional Monte Carlo analysis. Although the assumed linear perturbation model is valid only for small variations, it enables easy ways to estimate correlations among variations and identify the most sensitive design parameters to mismatch, all at no additional simulation cost. Three benchmarks measuring the variations in the input offset voltage of a clocked comparator, the delay of a logic path, and the frequency of an oscillator demonstrate the speed improvement of about 100-1000× compared to a 1000-point Monte Carlo method.
A High-Frequency Solution for Scattering by a Multilayer Anisotropic Slab (2021)

The previously developed heuristic uniform theory of diffraction corner and wedge diffraction coefficients for a thin lossless anisotropic slab are generalized and applied for predicting electromagnetic scattering by a lossy/lossless multilayer anisotropic slab. The effective reflection and transmission coefficients of a multilayer slab are used in the heuristic formulation to determine the scattered fields. The heuristic coefficients derived for a thin slab are applied to a multilayer slab with a finite thickness. Numerical results are provided for various scattering problems that demonstrate the validity of the heuristic formulations for a multilayer structure.
ODIX : A Rapid Hypotheses Testing System for Origin-Destination Data (2017)

In this paper, we present our solution to the VAST Challenge 2017 Mini Challenge 1. We discuss challenges posed by data set and tasks and introduce ODIX, a custom rapid hypotheses testing system tailored to origin-destination data as provided by the challenge. We show findings made with ODIX and illustrate how we apply sequential pattern mining to explore common traffic patterns.
2 KV 4H-SiC DMOSFETS FOR LOW LOSS, HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING APPLICATIONS (2004)

Due to the high critical field in 4 H - SiC , the drain charge and switching loss densities in a SiC power device are approximately 10X higher than that of a silicon device. However, for the same voltage and resistance ratings, the device area is much smaller for the 4 H - SiC device. Therefore, the total drain charge and switching losses are much lower for the 4 H - SiC power device. A 2.3 kV, 13.5 mΩ-cm2 4 H - SiC power DMOSFET with a device area of 2.1 mm × 2.1 mm has been demonstrated. The device showed a stable avalanche at a drain bias of 2.3 kV, and an on-current of 5 A with a VGS of 20 V and a VDS of 2.6 V. Approximately an order of magnitude lower parasitic capacitance values, as compared to those of commercially available silicon power MOSFETs, were measured for the 4 H - SiC power DMOSFET. This suggests that the 4 H - SiC DMOSFET can provide an order of magnitude improvement in switching performance in high speed switching applications.