gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application-Based Coexistence of Different Waveforms on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (2020)

In the study, the coexistence of different waveform structures on the same resource element is studied under the theory of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). This study introduces a paradigm-shift on NOMA towards the application-centric waveform coexistence. Throughout this article, the coexistence of different waveforms is explained with two specific use cases, which are power-balanced NOMA and joint radar-sensing and communication with NOMA. For the first use case, block error rate (BLER) performance in the power-balanced regime for two user is improved compared to conventional NOMA transmission with the same waveform. For the joint radar-sensing and communication aspect, the superiority of proposed NOMA scheme over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) joint radar-communication (JRC) scheme is demonstrated regarding radar ambiguity, channel estimation mean-square error (MSE) and bit-error rate (BER) performances. In addition, some of the previous works in the literature are reviewed regarding waveform coexistence in a non-orthogonal manner. However, the concept is not limited to these use cases. With the rapid development of wireless technology, next-generation wireless systems are proposed to be flexible and hybrid, having different kinds of capabilities such as sensing, security, intelligence, control, and computing. Therefore, the concept of different waveforms' coexistence to meet these concerns are becoming impressive for researchers.
Channel modeling in the next generation mmWave Wi-Fi: IEEE 802.11ay standard (2016)

The IEEE 802.11ay standard is an extension of the previous 802.11ad system in the 60GHz band, with new usage cases and scenarios, which require new approaches to the millimeter-wave channel description. The proposed for the IEEE 802.11ay standard channel modeling approach is based on, so-called, quasi-deterministic (Q-D) methodology exploiting the hybrid deterministic-stochastic description of the environment which allows simple introduction of scenario-specific geometric properties, reflection attenuation, ray blockage and mobility effects, as well as the proper MIMO channel models. In accordance with this methodology the 3D channel impulse response is represented as a sum of a few quasi-deterministic strong rays (D-rays) originating from main scenario-specific large reflecting surfaces and a number of relatively weak random rays (R-rays), which describe the real environment with random relatively small reflecting objects. The beam steerable virtual antenna array with synthetic aperture was applied for available experimental data to prove the efficiency of the Q-D channel modeling methodology.
Examination of genomic copy number alterations in renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features. (2015)

478 Background: Sarcomatoid differentiation is an uncommon histological finding in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that may develop from any RCC subtype and is associated with a very poor prognosis. The identification of genetic alterations that drive this aggressive phenotype could aid in the development of more effective targeted therapies. In this study, we aimed to identify unique copy number alterations (CNAs) in patients with sarcomatoid RCC when compared to those with other RCC subtypes. Methods: Genomic copy number analysis was performed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based microarrays on tissue extracted from the tumors of 80 patients (9 with sarcomatoid features (sRCC), 39 clear cell (ccRCC), 26 papillary (pRCC) and 6 chromophobe RCC (chRCC)) who underwent renal mass excision between 2010 - 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier (KM) survival analysis, t-tests and Fisher exact tests where appropriate. Results: sRCC tumors exhibited significantly higher numbers of CNAs when compared to ccRCC, pRCC and chRCC (mean 20.1 vs. 6.6 vs. 7.0 vs. 6.3, respectively; p &lt;0.0001). The most common copy number losses occurred in chromosome arms 1p, 3p, 9q, 15q, 18q, 21q, and 22q, with losses of 9q (88%), 15q (77%), 18q (66%), and 22 (77%) being unique among sRCC tumors when compared to the other 3 histologies. The most common copy number gains were in chromosome arms 1q, 8q, 17q, and 20p/q, with 1q (55%) and 8q (66%) gains unique when compared to the other 3 histologies. Of the sRCC tumors, 3 arose from ccRCC, 2 from pRCC and 4 from unclassified RCC. sRCC was associated with worse survival compared to ccRCC, pRCC and chRCC on KM analysis (p=0.0006), and higher rates of lymph node positivity (77% vs. 3% vs. 12% vs. 0%, respectively; p&lt;0.0001) and metastases (100% vs. 13% vs. 4% vs. 0%, respectively; p&lt;0.0001) on presentation were observed with sRCC. Conclusions: Sarcomatoid differentiation in RCC is associated with a high rate of chromosomal changes with unique copy number alterations including losses of 9q, 15q, 18q and 22q and gains of 1q and 8q. Identification and validation of candidate driver genes or tumor suppressor loci within these chromosomal regions may help identify targets for future therapies.
Determination of chloride ion concentration in concrete by means of near infra-red spectroscopy (2011)

Concentration of chloride ions was determined with a classical chemical titration method in three types of samples: a cracked concrete core and an undamaged concrete core, both taken from a bridge in Iowa, and also from concrete test samples prepared at Rutgers University. Chloride concentration profiles were obtained. The same samples were the subjected to the near infrared spectrometric determinations of chloride content by two manufacturers of spectrometric instruments. Very good correlation between the chemical and spectrometric measurements was obtained [ R<sup>2</sup>&gt; 0.96], thus opening the possibility of rapid on-site chloride concentration determination in concrete structures.
Joint Scheduling and Channel Allocation for End-to-End Delay Minimization in Industrial WirelessHART Networks (2018)

WirelessHART is one of the most widely used communication standards in industrial wireless networks. In order to meet the stringent real-time requirements in industrial applications, WirelessHART incorporates many designs including the time slotted channel hopping mechanism that enables dynamic time scheduling and channel allocation. In this paper, we study the problem of joint transmission scheduling and channel allocation aiming to minimize the end-to-end delay of multiple flows in multihop WirelessHART networks. We propose a new network model based on a multidimensional scheduling space spanned by flow-link-channel-slot tuples. A multidimensional conflict graph is then established to depict the conflict relationships among the tuples. Based on this, the original delay minimization problem is formulated as an integer program, which however is difficult to solve due to its significantly large scale. To this end, we develop an iterative hop-wise scheduling algorithm by transforming the original problem into a series of maximum weighted independent set problems. We derive theoretical analysis on the schedulability and the performance bound of the proposed algorithm. In addition, we show that our results can be easily extended to accommodate more general scenarios. Finally, extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of oxo complexes of chromium, manganese and tuthenium (1994)

Several oxometal species including MnO4–, Cr2O72–, CrO3Cl–, RuO4–, RuO2Cl3– and [Ru(TMC)O2]2+(TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) have been studied by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry; in each case the mass spectrum obtained from solution in acetonitrile shows the molecular ion as the base peak with a minimal degree of fragmentation.
Comparison of Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh Distributed Temperature Measurements in High-Rate Wells (2022)

With the maturity of and demand for fiber-optic sensing technology growing steadily over the last few years across multiple basins, operators are seeking fiber-optic sensing solutions that address the technology challenges associated with the life-of-field monitoring of subsea developments. Single-ended distributed temperature sensing (DTS) measurements have been acquired for decades now, typically using Raman optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) on multimode fiber. However, for topside interrogation of subsea completions, Raman DTS performs poorly. This is due to the available optical power budget and the potential wavelength dependency of optical attenuation across multiple connectors and splices comprising the optical subsea infrastructure. Any wavelength-dependent attenuation as the signals pass through connectors, splices, and optical feedthrough systems will generate step changes in the measured Raman DTS temperature profile. Brillouin OTDR can provide a DTS alternative that overcomes these challenges and operates on single-mode fiber. Brillouin OTDR operates with a large dynamic range to measure a wavelength (frequency) shift of the Stokes/anti-Stokes components that is proportional to both strain and temperature. Since downhole cables are manufactured with optical fibers suspended in a gel and with appropriate extra fiber length (EFL), any fiber strain relaxes, and the Brillouin wavelength shift is an absolute temperature measurement. An additional alternative is also explored here. We typically associate coherent Rayleigh OTDR with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) on single-mode fibers, but low frequencies also contain a relative temperature dependence. The low-pass filtering of DAS data can then be used as a form of Rayleigh DTS with appropriate data processing. In this paper, we report on a comparison of Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh DTS simultaneously acquired in the same high-rate producer and injector wells. We validate that, with appropriate cable design, Brillouin DTS can be simultaneously operated on the same single-mode fiber with DAS and can deliver absolute temperature measurements suitable for production analysis. We also use a laboratory experiment to show that Rayleigh DTS provides an accurate measure of temperature changes comparable in precision to a traditional thermocouple. We conclude with a discussion about the implementation of this DAS-DTS solution for sensing subsea completions.
Effect of Relaxin Expression from an Alginate Gel-Encapsulated Adenovirus on Scar Remodeling in a Pig Model (2019)

These results support a prominent role for RLX in scar remodeling and suggest that gel/Ad-RLX may have therapeutic effects on scar formation.
Gait Stability Measurement by Using Average Entropy (2021)

Gait stability has been measured by using many entropy-based methods. However, the relation between the entropy values and gait stability is worth further investigation. A research reported that average entropy (AE), a measure of disorder, could measure the static standing postural stability better than multiscale entropy and entropy of entropy (EoE), two measures of complexity. This study tested the validity of AE in gait stability measurement from the viewpoint of the disorder. For comparison, another five disorders, the EoE, and two traditional metrics methods were, respectively, used to measure the degrees of disorder and complexity of 10 step interval (SPI) and 79 stride interval (SI) time series, individually. As a result, every one of the 10 participants exhibited a relatively high AE value of the SPI when walking with eyes closed and a relatively low AE value when walking with eyes open. Most of the AE values of the SI of the 53 diseased subjects were greater than those of the 26 healthy subjects. A maximal overall accuracy of AE in differentiating the healthy from the diseased was 91.1%. Similar features also exists on those 5 disorder measurements but do not exist on the EoE values. Nevertheless, the EoE versus AE plot of the SI also exhibits an inverted U relation, consistent with the hypothesis for physiologic signals.
Biomarkers in endometrial cancer: Possible clinical applications (Review) (2012)

The number of cases of endometrial cancer has shown a tendency to increase in recent years. Endometrial cancer originates from the endometrium and is classified, based on the development mechanism, into types 1 and 2, which are responsive and non-responsive to estrogen, respectively, and have significantly different gene expression profiles. Studies of genes with abnormal expression in endometrial cancer have identified multiple oncogenes, tumor suppressors, mismatch repair genes, apoptosis-associated genes, levels of hormone receptors and DNA ploidy and aneuploidy as biomarkers of endometrial cancer. The use of these molecules and genes may facilitate accurate diagnosis and prognostic prediction and contribute to individualized treatment. Trials of drugs which target these biomarkers and searches for new biomarkers using cDNA microarrays and RT-qPCR are ongoing and it is likely that these findings can be translated to clinical use.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors (2004)

GnRH and its analogs are used extensively for the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases and assisted reproductive techniques. They also have potential as novel contraceptives in men and women. A thorough delineation of the molecular mechanisms involved in ligand binding, receptor activation, and intracellular signal transduction is kernel to understanding disease processes and the development of specific interventions. Twenty-three structural variants of GnRH have been identified in protochordates and vertebrates. In many vertebrates, three GnRHs and three cognate receptors have been identified with distinct distributions and functions. In man, the hypothalamic GnRH regulates gonadotropin secretion through the pituitary GnRH type I receptor via activation of G(q). In-depth studies have identified amino acid residues in both the ligand and receptor involved in binding, receptor activation, and translation into intracellular signal transduction. Although the predominant coupling of the type I GnRH receptor in the gonadotrope is through productive G(q) stimulation, signal transduction can occur via other G proteins and potentially by G protein-independent means. The eventual selection of intracellular signaling may be specifically directed by variations in ligand structure. A second form of GnRH, GnRH II, conserved in all higher vertebrates, including man, is present in extrahypothalamic brain and many reproductive tissues. Its cognate receptor has been cloned from various vertebrate species, including New and Old World primates. The human gene homolog of this receptor, however, has a frame-shift and stop codon, and it appears that GnRH II signaling occurs through the type I GnRH receptor. There has been considerable plasticity in the use of different GnRHs, receptors, and signaling pathways for diverse functions. Delineation of the structural elements in GnRH and the receptor, which facilitate differential signaling, will contribute to the development of novel interventive GnRH analogs.
Cyclic Equalization and Channel Identification for Magnetic Tape Recording Systems Using the Data Set Separator (2006)

This paper addresses the problems of equalizer design and channel identification for read channels implemented in linear tape open (LTO) tape-drive systems. The techniques presented use the readback waveform of the data set separator (DSS), a special pattern that is recorded at specific locations on tape as part of the LTO format. The concept of cyclic equalization is employed for a DSS-based equalizer design. The approach is extended to channel identification for extracting the dibit response of the magnetic recording channel from the DSS readback waveform. Both techniques are implemented with low complexity, making them attractive for practical realizations. Actual readback signals captured on commercial LTO tape-drive systems are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the described techniques
Crystal Growth and Characterization of Sr$_{3}$Y(BO$_{3}$)$_{3}$ (2010)

The growth, optical and luminescence characteristics of Pr-doped Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Y(BO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Pr:SrYBO) single crystals are studied. The Pr:SYBO single crystals with dimension of φ 2.0 × 30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> were grown by micro-pulling down method with radio frequency heating system. The emission bands at 280-300 nm and 608 nm correspond to 5d-4f transition and 4f-4f transition of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> respectively, and were observed under 250 nm excitation. Under the α-ray excitation only the 4f-4f luminescence of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> was observed.
Epuration du ldl-cholesterol dans le plasma humain par filtration membranaire (1993)

La filtration en cascade est l'un des moyens utilises cliniquement pour diminuer, en dernier recours, la concentration plasmatique en ldl-cholesterol des patients souffrant d'hypercholesterolemie familiale. Cette methode, avantageuse quant a son cout, presente toutefois un certain nombre de limites: faible selectivite du fractionnement, d'une part, et elevation trop rapide de la pression transmembranaire, d'autre part. Le but de cette these est d'etudier les phenomenes limitant les performances de ce procede. La premiere partie de ce travail a porte sur l'etude de l'adsorption des apolipoproteines (apob et apoa#1) et de l'albumine sur une membrane de fractionnement en diacetate de cellulose. Ce phenomene prend une part importante dans le processus d'epuration par filtration tangentielle. Il est proportionnel au flux de filtration et depend pour une grande part de l'etat physicochimique et de la structure de la membrane. De plus, le modele developpe a montre que la disparition consequente d'apoa#1 (lies au hdl-cholesterol que l'on souhaite conserver) etait majoritairement due a leur adsorption sur la membrane. Cette retention contribue en fait a diminuer la selectivite du procede. La seconde partie s'appuie sur une collaboration avec le service d'hemodialyse du c. H. U. D'amiens qui traite trois patients a l'aide d'un moniteur de filtration en cascade. La modelisation du processus global permet de definir des moyens visant a ameliorer la selectivite du fractionnement: augmentation de la taille des pores du premier filtre et diminution du debit de retentat au niveau du second filtre. Cependant, l'application d'un mode de filtration frontale est incompatible avec un controle strict de l'elevation de pression transmembranaire. C'est pourquoi nous avons propose de creer des pulsations de debit sur la ligne de retentat. Cette technique permet de limiter le colmatage de la membrane ainsi que de perturber la formation de la couche de polarisation de concentration aux abords de celle-ci. In vitro, la filtration des petites proteines est favorisee, comme le prouve la hausse des coefficients de tamisage, et la pression transmembranaire se maintient en dessous du seuil limite. Il reste donc a implanter ce systeme sur le moniteur d'apherese afin de pratiquer les premiers essais cliniques. Parallelement a ces travaux, la maitrise du fonctionnement d'un nephelemetre nous a permis de definir des protocoles de dosages des proteines bovines, inexistants jusqu'alors. Dans l'avenir, les experiences de filtration en cascade in-vitro pourront donc etre menees avec du plasma bovin, et non humain
From biomass-rich residues into fuels and green chemicals via gasification and catalytic synthesis (2014)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Polymeric Micro- and Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers (2001)

The fate of a drug after administration in vivo is determined by a combination of several processes: distribution and elimination when given intravenously; absorption, distribution, and elimination when an extravascular route is used. Regardless of the mechanisms involved, each of these processes depends mainly on the physicochemical properties of the drug and therefore, for the most part, on its chemical structure.
In vivo patterns of Bcl-2 family protein expression in breast carcinomas in relation to apoptosis (1999)

The expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1) was studied by immunohistochemistry in 110 invasive ductal breast carcinomas. The results were correlated with tumour grade, expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and p53 protein, and the apoptotic index by combined morphology, immunohistochemistry, and a terminal UTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) procedure. Overall, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, Bax, Bak, ER, and p53 were detected in 62, 75, 68, 75, 60, 68 and 26 per cent of the cases respectively, but at different levels in each case. A high apoptotic index was correlated with high tumour grade (p<0.001), overexpression of p53 (p<0.001), Bak expression (p<0.001), and low expression of Bcl-2 (p<0.001) and ER (p<0.001). No correlation was found between the apoptotic index and Bax, Bcl-X, and Mcl-1 immunostaining results. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X was correlated to that of ER. Overall, the results of this study strongly suggest that Bcl-2 and Bak expression is critical in regulating apoptosis in breast carcinomas.
Methylmercury‐Induced Movement and Postural Disorders in Developing Rat: High‐Affinity Uptake of Choline, Glutamate, and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid in the Cerebral Cortex and Caudate‐Putamen (1989)

Subcutaneous administration of methylmercuric chloride to neonatal rats resulted in movement and postural disorders during the fourth postnatal week. Sodium-dependent high-affinity uptake of radiolabeled choline, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured in homogenates of cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen. There was a significant decrease in the uptake of [3H]choline in the cerebral cortex, but not in the caudate-putamen, at the onset of neurological impairment (73-75%) and at one subclinical stage of toxicity (58-64%). No significant differences in [3H]glutamate uptake were detected in either region. The uptake of [3H]GABA in the presence of 1 mM beta-alanine, which was employed to inhibit the glial uptake process, was reduced significantly in both the cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen at the onset of neurological impairment (50-62%) and at one subclinical stage (40-51%). This decrease in [3H]GABA uptake is consistent with the results of previous studies using this animal model, which demonstrated a preferential degeneration of GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen of methylmercury-treated animals. Because the high-affinity uptake of choline is the rate-limiting step for acetylcholine synthesis by cholinergic neurons, the decrease in [3H]choline uptake may reflect an abnormal development of cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex.
The O++ database programming language: implementation and experience (2002)

Ode, a database system and environment based on the object paradigm, is discussed. Ode is defined, queried and manipulated using the database programming language O++, which is based on C++. The O++ compiler translates O++ programs into C++ programs that contain calls to the Ode object manager. The implementation of O++, the Ode object manager, and the translation of the database facilities in O++ are described. The problems encountered in the implementation and their resolutions are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>