gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric bootstrap inference for the targeted highly adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) estimator (2020)

The Highly-Adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Targeted Minimum Loss Estimator (HAL-TMLE) is an efficient plug-in estimator of a pathwise differentiable parameter in a statistical model that at minimal (and possibly only) assumes that the sectional variation norm of the true nuisance functions (i.e., relevant part of data distribution) are finite. It relies on an initial estimator (HAL-MLE) of the nuisance functions by minimizing the empirical risk over the parameter space under the constraint that the sectional variation norm of the candidate functions are bounded by a constant, where this constant can be selected with cross-validation. In this article we establish that the nonparametric bootstrap for the HAL-TMLE, fixing the value of the sectional variation norm at a value larger or equal than the cross-validation selector, provides a consistent method for estimating the normal limit distribution of the HAL-TMLE. In order to optimize the finite sample coverage of the nonparametric bootstrap confidence intervals, we propose a selection method for this sectional variation norm that is based on running the nonparametric bootstrap for all values of the sectional variation norm larger than the one selected by cross-validation, and subsequently determining a value at which the width of the resulting confidence intervals reaches a plateau. We demonstrate our method for 1) nonparametric estimation of the average treatment effect when observing a covariate vector, binary treatment, and outcome, and for 2) nonparametric estimation of the integral of the square of the multivariate density of the data distribution. In addition, we also present simulation results for these two examples demonstrating the excellent finite sample coverage of bootstrap-based confidence intervals.
A Titanocene-Catalyzed Intramolecular Ene Reaction:  Cycloisomerization of Enynes and Dienynes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Titanocene-Catalyzed Intramolecular Ene Reaction: Cycloisomerization of Enynes and DienynesShana J. Sturla, Natasha M. Kablaoui, and Stephen L. BuchwaldView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9, 1976–1977Publication Date (Web):February 18, 1999Publication History Received17 November 1998Published online18 February 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9839567https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9839567rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1399Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Isomerization,Metallacycles Get e-Alerts
Re-Training StyleGAN - A First Step Towards Building Large, Scalable Synthetic Facial Datasets (2020)

StyleGAN is a state-of-art generative adversarial network architecture that generates random 2D high-quality synthetic facial data samples. In this paper we recap the StyleGAN architecture and training methodology and present our experiences of retraining it on a number of alternative public datasets. Practical issues and challenges arising from the retraining process are discussed. Tests and validation results are presented and a comparative analysis of several different re-trained StyleGAN weightings is provided. The role of this tool in building large, scalable datasets of synthetic facial data is also discussed.
High pitch carbon dioxide contrasted CT angiography: a comparative in-vivo study (2011)

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-0512 / High pitch carbon dioxide contrasted CT angiography: a comparative in-vivo study by: Penzkofer, K. Slebocki, P. Bruners, P. Isfort, J. Grommes, S. Langer, T. Schmitz-Rode, A. H. Mahnken; Aachen/DE
Practice-Related Improvements in Somatosensory Interval Discrimination Are Temporally Specific But Generalize across Skin Location, Hemisphere, and Modality (1998)

This paper concerns the characterization of performance and perceptual learning of somatosensory interval discrimination. The purposes of this study were to define (1) the performance characteristics for interval discrimination in the somatosensory system by naive adult humans, (2) the normal capacities for improvement in somatosensory interval discrimination, and (3) the extent of generalization of interval discrimination learning. In a two-alternative forced choice procedure, subjects were presented with two pairs of vibratory pulses. One pair was separated in time by a fixed base interval; a second pair was separated by a target interval that was always longer than the base interval. Subjects indicated which pair was separated by the target interval. The length of the target interval was varied adaptively to determine discrimination thresholds. After initial determination of naive abilities, subjects were trained for 900 trials per day at base intervals of either 75 or 125 msec for 10-15 d. Significant improvements in thresholds resulted from training. Learning at the trained base interval generalized completely across untrained skin locations on the trained hand and to the corresponding untrained skin location in the contralateral hand. The learning partially generalized to untrained base intervals similar to the trained one, but not to more distant base intervals. Learning with somatosensory stimuli generalized to auditory stimuli presented at comparable base intervals. These results demonstrate temporal specificity in somatosensory interval discrimination learning that generalizes across skin location, hemisphere, and modality.
The Microtubule Inhibitor Podofilox Inhibits an Early Entry Step of Human Cytomegalovirus (2016)

Human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus that infects many different cell types through an initial binding to cell surface receptors followed by a fusion event at the cell membrane or endocytic vesicle. A recent high-throughput screen to identify compounds that block a step prior to viral gene expression identified podofilox as a potent and nontoxic inhibitor. Time-of-addition studies in combination with quantitative-PCR analysis demonstrated that podofilox limits an early step of virus entry at the cell surface. Podofilox was also able to drastically reduce infection by herpes simplex 1, an α-herpesvirus with a very similar entry process to CMV. Podofilox caused a reduced maximal plateau inhibition of infection by viruses with single step binding processes prior to fusion-like Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus, and influenza A virus or viruses that enter via endocytosis like vesicular stomatitis virus and a clinical-like strain of CMV. These results indicate that microtubules appear to be participating in the post-binding step of virus entry including the pre- and post-penetration events. Modulation of the plasma membrane is required to promote virus entry for herpesviruses, and that podofilox, unlike colchicine or nocodazole, is able to preferentially target microtubule networks at the plasma membrane.
Determination of Lipolysis in Isolated Primary Adipocytes (2008)

Lipolysis involves the sequential breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. The extent of lipolysis is therefore a key determinant of the energy status of an individual and also dictates insulin resistance. Here, we describe a protocol for estimating lipolysis in murine adipocytes. Glycerol released during the lipolytic reaction is estimated radiometrically to determine the extent of lipolysis within the cell and the data are normalized to cell number.
Sexuality and androgens in women with cyclical mood changes and pre‐menstrual syndrome (2014)

The "Pure-PMS" group and the "pre-menstrual-exacerbation" groups differed in their androgen and SHBG levels. Women suffering from PMS with higher neuroticism Eysenck Personality Inventory scores or "low" levels of androgens and SHBG would be more likely to have a decreased sexual interest pre-menstrually than would women with a high level.
Steroidal Saponins in Oat Bran (2016)

Saponins are one type of widespread defense compound in the plant kingdom and have been exploited for the production of lead compounds with diverse pharmacological properties in drug discovery. Oats contain two unique steroidal saponins, avenacoside A, 1, and avenacoside B, 2. However, the chemical composition, the levels of these saponins in commercial oat products, and their health effects are still largely unknown. In this study, we directly purified 5 steroidal saponins (1-5) from a methanol extract of oat bran, characterized their structures by analyzing their MS and NMR spectra, and also tentatively identified 11 steroidal saponins (6-16) on the basis of their tandem mass spectra (MS(n), n = 2-3). Among the five purified saponins, 5 is a new compound and 4 is purified from oats for the first time. Using HPLC-MS techniques, a complete profile of oat steroidal saponins was determined, and the contents of the two primary steroidal saponins, 1 and 2, were quantitated in 15 different commercial oat products. The total levels of these two saponins vary from 49.6 to 443.0 mg/kg, and oat bran or oatmeal has higher levels of these two saponins than cold oat cereal. Furthermore, our results on the inhibitory effects of 1 and 2 against the growth of human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and HT-29 showed that both had weak activity, with 2 being more active than 1.
Operating restrictions for third harmonic control of flux in induction machines (1992)

Flux control in AC cage induction motor drives using third harmonic voltages and currents in star and delta connected machines, respectively, has been proposed and developed by a number of authors. To date, measured third harmonic components have enabled an accurate estimation of the airgap flux magnitude and a good estimate for its phase angle. This paper investigates the basis and the operating range of control techniques utilising these components, and describes steady state and dynamic characteristics for constant flux controllers based on observations of the triplen currents circulating in the delta winding of a machine. It is shown that the principal assumption inherent in the method, namely that there is a direct relationship between the airgap flux and the measured third harmonic component is not always valid so that the general applicability of the technique is restricted. Experimental results are presented for both steady state and transient conditions to determine the useful operating range that may be expected of drives under this strategy.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and initial crystallographic analysis of the lysine-biosynthesis LysX protein fromThermus thermophilusHB8 (2003)

The gene encoding LysX, an essential component of the lysine-biosynthesis pathway in Thermus thermophilus (molecular weight approximately equal 31,000 Da), was cloned and expressed and the purified protein was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique in two different space groups, C2 (unit-cell parameters a = 124.7, b = 51.4, c = 103.6 A, beta = 122.8 degrees ) and R3 (a = b = 122.6, c = 97.6 A). Crystals improved by macroseeding diffracted to beyond 2.3 and 3 A resolution for the C2 and R3 crystal forms, respectively. Complete diffraction data sets were collected for the C2 and R3 crystal forms at 2.5 and 3.1 A resolution, respectively. Crystals of selenomethionine-containing LysX protein were obtained by cross-microseeding, using the native microcrystals as a seed. Structure determination is now in progress.
Electrical imaging of the Mohns Ridge in the Greenland Sea (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A detailed 120 km deep electromagnetic joint inversion model for the ultra-slow Mohns Ridge was constructed combining controlled source- and magnetotelluric data. About one third of mid-ocean ridges have a spreading rate less than 20 mm/yr&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, but due to lack of deep imaging, factors controlling melting and mantle upwelling, depth to the lithosphere &amp;amp;#8211; asthenosphere boundary (LAB), crustal thickness and hydrothermal venting are not well understood for this class of ridges. Modern electromagnetic data have significantly improved understanding of fast-spreading ridges, but have not been available for the ultra-slow ridges. The new inversion images show mantle upwelling focused along a narrow, oblique and strongly asymmetric zone coinciding with asymmetric surface uplift. Though the upwelling pattern shows several of the characteristics of a dynamic system, instead it likely reflects passive upwelling controlled by slow and asymmetric plate movements.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Upwelling asthenosphere and melt are enveloped by the 100 &amp;amp;#8486;m contour denoted the electrical LAB (eLAB). This transition may represent a rheological boundary defined by a minimum melt content. We also find that a model where crustal thickness is directly controlled by the melt-producing rock volumes created by the separating plates can explain the thin crust below the ridge. Fluid convection extends for long lateral distances exploiting high porosity at mid crustal levels. The magnitude and long-lived nature of such plumbing systems could promote venting at ultra-slow ridges. Further, active melt emplacement into ca 3 km thick oceanic crust culminates in an inferred crustal magma chamber draped by fluid convection cells emanating at Loki&amp;amp;#180;s Castle hydrothermal field.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Multi-fidelity surrogate model approach to optimization (2018)

Recently the use of Radial Basis Functions (RBF) has been introduced as an optional alternative to co-Kriging in the context of multi-fidelity surrogate modeling. In this paper, we compare the performance of Random Forest-based co-surrogates to the previously introduced co-Kriging and co-RBF using a set of bi-fidelity benchmark problems in 2, 4 and 8 dimensions. Our results show that there is a minimal overall difference between the different co-surrogate models with regards to final performace, although the training of Random Forests takes much less time compared to the Kriging and RBF methods.
EP1131 The iKnife and its application for the treatment of cervical abnormalities (2019)

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Surgical management of presumed early stage cervical cancer presents challenges as clearance of surgical margins avoids adjuvant chemoradiotherapy that can substantially increase morbidity and may allow fertility preservation in young women. Improved intra-operative diagnostic tools have the potential to improve outcomes. In this study, we explore whether the Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS), also known as the iKnife (intelligent Knife), can accurately discriminate between healthy, pre-invasive and invasive cervical tissue ex vivo. <h3>Methodology</h3> We prospectively collected fresh frozen cervical tissue samples in normal controls and women with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) ± cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer (Cancer) between 2006 and 2018. A handheld diathermy device was used to burn the biopsies; the surgical aerosol produced was subsequently transferred into a mass-spectrometer. The tissue was then stained for histopathological validation. We used principal component and linear discriminant analysis to calculate the accuracy of the iKnife in discriminating between the 3 groups. Cancerous and normal tissues were then processed with REIMS tandem MS (REI-MS/MS) to further delineate the most significant peaks allowing separation of the two classes and identify their lipid profile. <h3>Results</h3> The iKnife had an overall 97.8% accuracy in discriminating accurately normal (100%) vs HPV±CIN (100%) versus cancer (83.3%) when compared to histology as the gold standard. REI-MS/MS and LipidMAPS revealed twelve significant MS peaks in the cancer to normal separation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows that REIMS iKnife has the potential to accurately discriminate healthy, from precancerous and invasive lesions on the cervix. The overexperessed lipids in cancer may be used as markers of disease. If these finding are replicated in larger cohorts, the iKnife may allow real-time intra-operative diagnosis of the presence of disease in surgical margins and lymph nodes. <h3>Disclosure</h3> Nothing to disclose
On the Relativization of Embedded Subjects (1983)

Preview this article: On the Relativization of Embedded Subjects, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.7.2.06auw-1.gif
Flor-iculture: Ellis and Dodds’ Illumination of Gene-for-Gene Biology (2019)

Harold Flor, working alone in North Dakota on the interactions between flax plants ( Linum usitatissimum ) and their rust parasite, coined the term “gene-for-gene” resistance to describe race-specific interactions between plants and their fungal parasites. It was already well known that many
Plasma-filled focusing cells for paraxial diodes on RITS-3 (2004)

Summary form only given. Traditionally, the paraxial radiographic diode has relied on a gas-filled chamber to focus an electron beam into a small spot for the purpose of generating X-rays. Focusing is provided by the electron beam-produced plasma whose density increases during the course of the beam pulse. Simulations using Lsp, a particle-in-cell code, have shown that the location of the electron beam focus wanders during the timescale of the pulse in this case, resulting in a larger radiographic spot than is desirable. Lsp simulations have also shown that replacing the gas-filled focusing chamber with a fully-ionized plasma of density on the order of 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ will prevent the spot from significantly wandering, hence resulting in a smaller, more stable spot size. Sandia National Laboratories is implementing a plasma prefilled paraxial diode on the RITS-3 accelerator. The plasma-filled cell will be created using a z-discharge in a hydrogen fill. Laser interferometry is used to assess the plasma density on bench-top experiments, and plans are underway to perform the diagnostics during RITS-3 experiments. Details of the plasma source, its characterization in a bench-top setting, and plans for investigation during RITS-3 operation are presented.
Prediction-guided quantization for video tone mapping (2014)

Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs) compress High Dynamic Range (HDR) content to address Low Dynamic Range (LDR) displays. However, before reaching the end-user, this tone mapped content is usually compressed for broadcasting or storage purposes. Any TMO includes a quantization step to convert floating point values to integer ones. In this work, we propose to adapt this quantization, in the loop of an encoder, to reduce the entropy of the tone mapped video content. Our technique provides an appropriate quantization for each mode of both the Intra and Inter-prediction that is performed in the loop of a block-based encoder. The mode that minimizes a rate-distortion criterion uses its associated quantization to provide integer values for the rest of the encoding process. The method has been implemented in HEVC and was tested over two different scenarios: the compression of tone mapped LDR video content (using the HM10.0) and the compression of perceptually encoded HDR content (HM14.0). Results show an average bit-rate reduction under the same PSNR for all the sequences and TMO considered of 20.3% and 27.3% for tone mapped content and 2.4% and 2.7% for HDR content.
Differences in the Regulation of Iron Regulatory Protein-1 (IRP-1) by Extra- and Intracellular Oxidative Stress (1997)

We have studied the responses of iron regulatory protein-1 (IRP-1) to extra- and intracellular sources of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). IRP-1 is a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that regulates iron metabolism following its activation by iron deficiency, nitric oxide, and administration of H2O2 or antimycin A, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain (Hentze, M. W., and Kühn, L. C. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 8175-8182). We show that 10 microM H2O2 suffice for complete IRP-1 activation within 60 min when H2O2 is generated extracellularly at steady-state. By contrast, rapid cellular H2O2 degradation necessitates a 5-10-fold higher bolus dose. To study IRP-1 responses to intracellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration was inhibited with antimycin A (to generate oxidative stress by leakage of ROIs from complex III), or catalase was blocked with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (to diminish H2O2 degradation); in parallel, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used as a redox-sensitive probe to monitor intracellular H2O2 levels by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Catalase inhibition elevates intracellular H2O2, but surprisingly does not cause concomitant IRP-1 activation. Following antimycin A treatment, IRP-1 is activated, but the activation kinetics lag behind the rapid increase in detectable intracellular H2O2. IRP-1 is thus activated both by extra- and intracellular generation of ROIs. While extracellular H2O2 rapidly activates IRP-1 even without detectable increases in intracellular H2O2, intracellular H2O2 elevation is not sufficient for IRP-1 activation. IRP-1 thus represents a novel example of an H2O2-regulated protein that responds differentially to alterations of extra- and intracellular H2O2 levels. Our data also suggest that a direct attack on the 4Fe-4S cluster of IRP-1 by H2O2 (or an H2O2-derived reactive species) represents an unlikely explanation for IRP-1 activation by oxidative stress.
Immediate, Optimal Reconstruction of Facial Lentigo Maligna and Melanoma following Total Peripheral Margin Control (2007)

Use of the square technique in the management of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma improves the certainty of peripheral margin control before definitive excision. Immediate reconstruction can be performed, thereby avoiding temporizing procedures or open wounds and providing for optimal aesthetic and functional results.
Analysis of a continuous, aerobic, fixed‐film bioreactor. I. Steady‐state behavior (1984)

The analysis of a continuous, aerobic, fixed-film bioreactor is performed by simulating the behavior of penicillin production in a three-phase fluidized bed. Rigorous mathematical models are developed for a fluidized-bed fermentor in which bioparticles are fluidized by the liquid medium and air. The steady-state performance of the fluidized-bed reactor is appraised in terms of penicillin productivity and outlet concentration by considering the two extremes in contacting patterns, complete back-mix and plug flow, in the absence of a growing biofilm. The results show that the complete back-mix contacting pattern is preferred over that of plug flow due to the nature of the penicillin kinetic relationships. It is also shown that for the dual-nutrient (glucose and oxygen) penicillin reaction system the optimum biofilm thickness does not equal the penetration depth of a limiting nutrient, but depends upon the total reactor configuration.