gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Photoacoustic Effect and Its Possibility of Applications to Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Support (2019)

著者らの研究グループでは光音響イメージングに関する基礎研究から臨床研究までを幅広く実施しており，その一部として，光音響波を発生した光吸収体の濃度の定量的イメージングや金ナノ粒子を造影剤として用いる際の光音響波の評価のためにコンピュータを用いたシミュレーション（数値計算）を行っている．この数値計算技術を発展させることで，皮膚科領域での光音響作用による治療の際の治療計画に寄与することができる可能性がある．本稿では光音響波の数値計算とそれを応用した研究を解説する．
Effects of the Dopants on the Electrical Properties of the Ni-electrode Ceramic Capacitors. (1993)

Effects of the dopants on the electrical properties of the Ni-electrode multilayer ceramic capacitors have been studied. It is shown that the life time of insulation resistance under Highly Accelerated Life Testing (HALT) become much longer by doping with Y2O3 or V2O5 into dielectrics. There are many dislocation loops in the additive-free dielectric and they disappear by doping with Y2O3. It is supposed that Y plays the role of donar dopant compensating the oxygen vacancies which have a deleterious effect on the life time under HALT.
Vertical Transmission of Rift Valley Fever Virus Without Detectable Maternal Viremia (2013)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic bunyavirus that causes abortions in domesticated ruminants. Sheep breeds exotic to endemic areas are reportedly the most susceptible to RVFV infection. Within the scope of a risk assessment program of The Netherlands, we investigated the susceptibility of a native breed of gestating sheep to RVFV infection. Ewes were infected experimentally during the first, second, or third trimester of gestation. Mortality was high among ewes that developed viremia. Four of 11 inoculated ewes, however, did not develop detectable viremia nor clinical signs and did not seroconvert for immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM antibodies. Surprisingly, these ewes were found to contain viral RNA in maternal and fetal organs, and the presence of live virus in fetal organs was demonstrated by virus isolation. We demonstrate that RVFV can be transmitted vertically in the absence of detectable maternal viremia.
Sustained Release (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
P5.061 Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MAMEF) Point-Of-Care Test For the Detection ofChlamydia Trachomatis (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (CT) is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) reported worldwide. Accurate point-of-care diagnostic tests are urgently needed for the rapid treatment of patients. To address this need, we have previously developed a 16S rRNA-based Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MAMEF) assay for the detection of CT. Here we report the development of an additional CT cryptic plasmid-based MAMEF assay, the use of the assays on clinical samples and the implication of MAMEF as a point-of-care test. <h3>Methods</h3> The cryptic plasmid-based assay was investigated with cultured, titered CT and vaginal specimens. Following the optimization of the assay, we tested a blinded cohort of dry-shipped vaginal swabs using both the 16S rRNA- and cryptic plasmid-based MAMEF assays, and compared the results to nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). <h3>Results</h3> The MAMEF assays detected as few as 10 IFU/mL of CT in less than 10 minutes including DNA extraction and detection. A total of 257 vaginal swabs from 245 adolescent women (ages 14–22) were analysed by MAMEF. The overall prevalence of CT by NAAT was 17.5%. Of the 45 NAAT CT-positive samples and 212 CT-negative samples, 33/45 and 197/212 were correctly identified by both MAMEF assays (sens 73.3%, spec 92.9%). Using the plasmid-based assay alone, 37/45 CT+ and 197/212 CT- were detected (sens 82.2%; spec 92.9%). Using the 16S rRNA assay alone, 34/45 CT+ and 197/212 CT- (sens 75.5%; spec 92.9). For the overall % agreement with NAAT, the individual 16S rRNA and cryptic plasmid were 89.8% and 91%, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Both CT MAMEF assays demonstrated moderate sensitivity and high specificity when using dry-shipped vaginal swabs. The cryptic plasmid assay was more sensitive than the 16S rRNA assay. MAMEF is an ultra-rapid platform with results in less than 10 minutes making it ideal as a point-of-care test.
Entwicklung eines miniaturisierten Durchfluß-Systems zur kontinuierlichen Glukose-Laktatmessung im Vollblut (1995)

Article Entwicklung eines miniaturisierten Durchfluß-Systems zur kontinuierlichen Glukose-Laktatmessung im Vollblut was published on January 1, 1995 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 40, issue s2).
GenomEUtwin: A Strategy to Identify Genetic Influences on Health and Disease (2003)

In this issue of Twin Research, we describe different facets of a European Community funded effort, GenomEUtwin, which capitalises on eight of the world's largest and best characterised twin registers and a multi-national population cohort, MORGAM. This international study, reaching beyond the geographical borders of Europe, is based on linkage and association strategies designed to identify genetic contributors to health and disease using integrated expertise of participating groups in genetics, epidemiology and biostatistics. By merging information from numerous epidemiological and genetic databases, GenomEUtwin will create an intellectual and technical infrastructure for future genetic epidemiological studies aiming to define genetic and life style risks for common human diseases.
[bem] além do digital – Vol. 3 (2022)

Há quase três anos vivenciamos algo que jamais seria esperado,&nbsp;fomos assolados pela pandemia da COVID-19, que teve proporções&nbsp;devastadoras em todo o mundo. Muito do que se fazia em pesquisas&nbsp;no mundo ficou parado e, não diferentemente, aqui no Brasil ocorreu o mesmo. Porém, fizemos um esforço hercúleo para que fosse possível&nbsp;continuar as atividades nas pós-graduações e para seguirmos&nbsp;produzindo cientificamente e tecnicamente.&nbsp;O PPGDesign da UFPE, por meio de uma coordenação atuante nas&nbsp;figuras da Profª Virgínia Cavalcanti e da Profª Kátia Araújo, a exemplo do&nbsp;que poderia ser feito, iniciaram uma série de livros destinada à publicação&nbsp;de egressos com os docentes do programa e com outros pesquisadores,&nbsp;a qual fora [muito bem] batizada de Fronteiras do Design.
HMM continuous speech recognition using stochastic language models (2002)

Three stochastic language models are investigated for hidden Markov model (HMM) continuous-speech recognition system. They are the trigram model of Japanese syllables, the stochastic shift/reduce model in LR parsing, and the trigram model of context-free rewriting rules. These stochastic language models are incorporated into the HMM-LR continuous-speech recognition system. The phrase recognition rate is improved from 72.4% to 81.0%. Moreover, for a high-quality HMM-LR speech recognition system which uses separate vector quantization (VQ) and fuzzy VQ, the phrase recognition rate is improved from 88.2% to 93.2%, and a rate of 100% is achieved for the top four choices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Utilization of CO{sub 2} in production of polycarbonate (1994)

Our original thrust, that of developing a direct route to diphenyl carbonate (the monomer for bisphenol A polycarbonate) using carbon dioxide as a raw material, was unsuccessful. The appendix describes the experiments that were tried in this regard. The primary problem was that we were unable to replicate the literature results of Yamazaki, et al, despite using their conditions and reactants, which form the basis for the proposed work. Despite this setback, we have derived a new route to diphenyl carbonate, which we have described in a proposal to the NSF/EPA partnership for environmental research (the sustainable technology section) which was submitted in April 1995. This route would incorporate carbon dioxide into a dialkyl carbonate using a tin catalyst, followed by transesterification using an enzyme to diphenyl carbonate. Thus, this work may continue on the future. However, despite the setbacks in the original proposed work, we set up two new collaborations with both Miles (now Bayer) and Exxon which employ CO{sub 2} as both monomer and solvent in polymer processing.
Analysis of the IgE- and IgG-reactivity profiles of asthmatic and non-asthmatic HDM-allergic patients using the ISAC microarray system (2014)

Results HDM-allergic individuals suffering from asthma showed striking differences regarding their IgE reactivity profiles compared to the non-asthmatic group. First, the frequency of IgE reactivity to the tested HDM allergens was up to 3fold higher in the asthmatic than in the non-asthmatic group. Seventy percent of the asthmatics reacted with 3 to 6 of the tested allergens compared to only 45% in the nonasthmatic group. Furthermore, IgE-levels to nDer p 1, rDer p 2, rDer p 5 and rDer p 23 were significantly higher in the asthmatic group. In contrast, HDM-allergic asthma patients showed a lower IgG-binding frequency to the seven HDM allergens than HDM-allergic patients without asthma. Conclusion The IgE and IgG reactivity profiles to HDM allergens differ considerably in patients with mild (i.e., rhinitis) and severe (i.e., asthma) respiratory symptoms due to HDM allergy.
Real-time linear response for time-dependent density-functional theory (2004)

We present a linear-response approach for time-dependent density-functional theories using time-adiabatic functionals. The resulting theory can be performed both in the time and in the frequency domain. The derivation considers an impulsive perturbation after which the Kohn-Sham orbitals develop in time autonomously. The equation describing the evolution is not strictly linear in the wave function representation. Only after going into a symplectic real-spinor representation does the linearity make itself explicit. For performing the numerical integration of the resulting equations, yielding the linear response in time, we develop a modified Chebyshev expansion approach. The frequency domain is easily accessible as well by changing the coefficients of the Chebyshev polynomial, yielding the expansion of a formal symplectic Green's operator.
Freeform optics: introduction Introduction (2022)

This feature issue of Optics Express highlights 28 state-of-the-art articles that capture a snapshot of the recent developments in the field of freeform optics. As an introduction, the editors provide an overview of all published articles, which cover a broad range of topics in freeform optics. The wide variety of applications presented here demonstrates that freeform optics is a growing and vibrant field with many more innovations to come.
Search for new phenomena in events with two opposite-charge leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2021)

A bstract The results of a search for direct pair production of top squarks and for dark matter in events with two opposite-charge leptons (electrons or muons), jets and missing transverse momentum are reported, using 139 fb − 1 of integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV, collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during Run 2 (2015–2018). This search considers the pair production of top squarks and is sensitive across a wide range of mass differences between the top squark and the lightest neutralino. Additionally, spin-0 mediator dark-matter models are considered, in which the mediator is produced in association with a pair of top quarks. The mediator subsequently decays to a pair of dark-matter particles. No significant excess of events is observed above the Standard Model background, and limits are set at 95% confidence level. The results exclude top squark masses up to about 1 TeV, and masses of the lightest neutralino up to about 500 GeV. Limits on dark-matter production are set for scalar (pseudoscalar) mediator masses up to about 250 (300) GeV.
Improved Switching Stability and the Effect of an Internal Series Resistor in HfO2/TiO<italic>x</italic> Bilayer ReRAM Cells (2018)

Bipolar redox-based resistive random-access memory cells are intensively studied for new storage class memory and beyond von Neumann computing applications. However, the considerable variability of the resistance values in ON and OFF state as well as of the SET voltage remains challenging. In this paper, we discuss the physical origin of the significant reduction in the switching variability of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based devices achieved by the insertion of a thin TiOx layer between the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer and the oxygen exchange metal layer. Typically, HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> single layer cells exhibit an abrupt SET process, which is difficult to control. In contrast, self-compliance effects in the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> bilayer devices lead to an increased stability of SET voltages and OFF-state resistances. The SET process is gradual and the RESET becomes abrupt for higher switching currents. Comparison of the experimental data with simulation results achieved from a physics-based compact model for the full description of the switching behavior of the single layer and bilayer devices clearly reveal three major effects. The TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layer affects the temperature distribution during switching (by modifying the heat dissipation), forms an additional series resistance and changes the current conduction mechanism in the OFF state of the bilayer device compared to the single layer device.
Winter Motor-Vehicle Emissions in Yellowstone National Park (2006)

Air-pollution emissions from off-road recreational vehicles have risen in national importance, even as emissions from these vehicles have declined (1). Yellowstone National Park in the U.S. has a long history of balancing tourist access and ecosystem protection and has become a battleground over snowmobile usage. Approximately 3 million people visit the park annually, but &lt;5% of them visit during winter (2). Historically, winter motorized access has been allowed only over groomed roads by snowcoach or 2-stroke snowmobile. The snowcoach fleet includes a number of vintage Bombardiers (see photo on the next page) and an assortment of modern, wheeled vans, buses, and large sport utility vehicles that have been converted to over-snow use with various track and ski systems (3).
Control of fuel cell breathing (2004)

In this article we analyzed and designed air flow controllers that protect the fuel cell (FC) stack from oxygen starvation during step changes of current demand. The steady-state regulation of the oxygen excess ratio in the FCS cathode achieved by assigning an integrator to the compressor flow. Linear observability techniques were employed to demonstrate improvements in transient oxygen regulation when the FCS voltage is included as a measurement for the feedback controller. The FCS voltage signal contains high frequency information about the FC oxygen utilization, and thus, is a natural and valuable output for feedback. We used linear optimal control design to identify the frequencies at which there is a severe tradeoff between the transient system net power performance and the stack starvation control. The limitation arises when the FCS system architecture dictates that all auxiliary equipment is powered directly from the FC with no secondary power sources. This plant configuration is preferred due to its simplicity, compactness, and low cost. The FCS impedance given the closed-loop air flow and perfect humidification and temperature regulation captures the FC current-voltage dynamic relationship. It is expected that the closed-loop FCS impedance will provide the basis for the systematic design of FC stack electronic components.
An Efficient Deprotection of Dithioacetals to Carbonyls Using Oxone—KBr in Aqueous Acetonitrile. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Large-scale additive manufacturing tooling for extrusion-compression molds (2021)

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFPC) have been used in additive manufacturing (AM) due to both the high-strength-to-weight and superior-stiffness-to-weight ratios. CF AM is being considered for tooling applications. In AM, CFPCs are usually aligned along the deposition direction; however, it results in anisotropic thermal properties which affect the heat transfer and warpage of the final part. In this study, three male molds with different infill patterns were produced via the material extrusion additive manufacturing (EDF-AM) process. These include (a) 0°: infill pattern along the printing direction; (b) 90°: infill pattern perpendicular to the printing direction; and (c) 0°/90°: alternate layers along and perpendicular directions. The effect of the infill pattern on thermal conductivity was analyzed and observed that 0° infill (surface temperature: 79.2°C) had the highest conductivity; and 90° infill (surface temperature: 66.4°C) had the least. In Additive manufacturing, carbon fibers are usually aligned along the deposition direction; however, it results in anisotropic thermal properties which affect the heat transfer and warpage of the final part. In this study, three molds with different infill patterns were produced via the extrusion deposition fabrication-additive manufacturing (EDF-AM) process. These include (a) 0°: infill pattern along the printing direction; (b) 90°: infill pattern perpendicular to the printing direction; and (c) 0°/90°: alternate layers along and perpendicular directions. Mold was used for extrusion compression molding and degradation of the mold was analyzed using non-contact laser scanning device.
Flunitrazepam Versus Placebo Premedication for Minor Surgery (1979)

The clinical effects of oral flunitrazepam (2 mg on the night before operation followed by 2 mg on the morning of operation) and placebo as premedicants were tested in a double‐blind study in 81 gynaecological patients. The separate or total concentrations of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite in plasma (measured by gas chromatography) were correlated with the clinical effects of flunitrazepam prcmedication, assessed both subjectively and objectively. In most parameters tested (sleep on the night before operation, sedation, apprehension, headache, pulse rate), there was a positive, significant difference between the flunitrazepam group (n = 44) and the placebo group (n = 37). No significant difference was found between the two groups in emetic effect, excitement, systolic blood pressure increase, and venc‐puncture, but the patients receiving flunitrazepam felt significantly more dizziness. The temperature of the left forefinger before, during and after the anaesthesia did not vary significantly between the two groups. There was no correlation between the plasma concentration of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite (separate or total concentrations) and any of the parameters tested before induction of anaesthesia. Flunitrazepam is a new oral premedicant with prominent sedative and anxiolytic actions. When the drug is given as a sedative on the night before operation, followed by a second dose on the morning of operation, the beneficial effects last for at least 8 hours after the second dose.
Deep Doping Profiles in Silicon Created by MeV Hydrogen Implantation: Influence of Implantation Parameters (2011)

The impact of dose variations of protons implanted with energies in the MeV range on the concentration and depth distribution of hydrogen‐related shallow donors in float zone and Czochralski silicon after annealing at 470 °C is examined with spreading resistance probe measurements. For moderate proton doses up to 1014 cm−2, the measured effective carrier distribution in float zone silicon correlates with the calculated distribution of the primary radiation damage caused by the penetrating protons. With increasing doses above 1014 cm−2, however, the effective carrier distribution significantly deviates from the distribution of the primary defects. Furthermore, the shape of the induced profiles in float zone and Czochralski silicon differ considerably. The effective carrier concentration at the maximum of the induced donor profile exhibits a linear dependency on the implanted dose after annealing around 370 °C, whereas this dependency becomes clearly sublinear when annealing at 470 °C. A temperature dependent model using two donor species is proposed which accounts for the different dose dependencies at the different annealing temperatures.
Electron escape and photoemission in the threshold region (1994)

The formula giving the probability of electron escape is generalized to the case of electron excitation involving two conduction bands in the vicinity of the Brillouin-zone boundary when the gap between the bands is of critical importance. The escape probability in this case can be significantly larger than that found for excitation from the occupied states lying well within the first Brillouin zone. It is also shown that the Fowler law (commonly used to describe photoemission in the threshold region) is not restricted to the usually accepted assumption of indirect, momentum nonconserving, electron transitions but is a consequence of the linear dependence of the escape function on the electron energy near threshold and is valid for both direct and indirect electron transitions.
Cesium carbonate mediated C–H functionalization of perhalogenated 12-vertex carborane anions (2022)

C–H functionalization of undecahalogenated carborane anions, [HCB 11 X 11 − ] (X = Cl, Br, I), is performed with Cs 2 CO 3 in acetonitrile.