gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple and recyclable ionic liquid based system for the selective decomposition of formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide (2011)

Exploitation of hydrogen as an energy carrier requires the development of systems for its storage and delivery. Formic acid has been proposed as valuable hydrogen carrier compound, due to its relatively high hydrogen content (53 g L−1), the latter being easily and cleanly released in catalytic reactions under mild conditions (HCOOH → H2 + CO2). Ionic liquids are interesting solvents for homogeneous catalyzed formic acid decomposition systems as their extremely low volatility avoids solvent contamination of the produced hydrogen stream. In this paper an outstandingly simple, robust and active catalyst system is presented, namely RuCl3 dissolved in 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium acetate (RuCl3/[EMMIM][OAc]). This system proved to be fully recyclable over 10 times. Turnover frequencies (TOF) of 150 h−1 and 850 h−1 were obtained at 80 °C and 120 °C, respectively.
Orphanin FQ acts as a supraspinal, but not a spinal, anti-opioid peptide (1996)

Orphanin FQ (OFQ), the endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid receptor, LC132, was recently isolated and characterized. The anti-opioid role of OFQ in supraspinal pain modulation was demonstrated by our previous observations that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) OFQ administration dose-dependently reverses systemic morphine antinociception and opioid-mediated stress-induced antinociception. The present study was designed to evaluate whether OFQ also modulates the antinociceptive actions of morphine in the spinal cord. Immediately after assessment of baseline nociceptive sensitivity on the 49 degrees C tail-withdrawal assay, mice of both sexes were given i.c.v. or intrathecal (i.t.) cocktails of morphine (0, 1, 10 or 50 micrograms [0-135 nmol]) and OFQ (0 or 10 nmol), and re-tested 15, 30 and 60 min later. OFQ alone did not affect nociceptive sensitivity when administered by either route. Following i.c.v. administration, the antinociception produced by 10 micrograms morphine was completely reversed by 10 nmol OFQ; antinociception induced by 50 micrograms morphine was significantly antagonized. In contrast, OFQ was completely ineffective against antinociception induced by i.t. morphine. These findings indicate that the anti-opioid actions of OFQ are restricted to supraspinal central nervous system sites.
Enhancing Genomic Prediction Models for Forecasting Days to Maturity in Soybean Genotypes Using Site-Specific and Cumulative Photoperiod Data (2022)

Genomic selection (GS) has revolutionized breeding strategies by predicting the rank performance of post-harvest traits via implementing genomic prediction (GP) models. However, predicting pre-harvest traits in unobserved environments might produce serious biases. In soybean, days to maturity (DTM) represents a crucial stage with a significant impact on yield potential; thus, genotypes must be carefully selected to ensure latitudinal adaptation in this photoperiod-sensitive crop species. This research assessed the use of daylength for predicting DTM in unobserved environments (CV00). A soybean dataset comprising 367 genotypes spanning nine families of the Soybean Nested Association Mapping Panel (SoyNAM) and tested in 11 environments (year-by-location combinations) was considered in this study. The proposed method (CB) returned a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 5.2 days, a Pearson correlation (PC) of 0.66, and the predicted vs. observed difference in the environmental means (PODEM) ranged from −3.3 to 4.5 days; however, in the absence of daylength data, the conventional GP implementation produced an RMSE of 9 days, a PC of 0.66, and a PODEM range from −14.7 to 7.9 days. These results highlight the importance of dissecting phenotypic variability (G × E) based on photoperiod data and non-predictable environmental stimuli for improving the predictive ability and accuracy of DTM in soybeans.
Empirical laser sintering time estimator for Duraform PA (2006)

Abstract\n This paper presents work on the development of a build time estimator for Rapid Manufacturing (RM). A time estimator is required in order to develop a comprehensive costing tool for RM. An empirical method has been used to estimate build times utilising both simulated and actual builds for a Laser Sintering (LS) machine. The estimator presented here is based upon object geometry and therefore the fundamental data driving the model is obtainable from current three dimensional Computer Aided Design (3D-CAD) models. The aim of the paper is to define a model describing the build times for a laser sintering machine either for single or multiple objects.
Densitometric comparison of three occipital regions for suitability of fixation (2014)

Das, Chandan MD; Newcomb, Anna S. MS; Gaudin, Daniel MD, PhD; Crawford, Neil R. PhD Author Information
Learning mixtures of smooth, nonuniform deformation models for probabilistic image matching. (2001)

By representing images and image prototypes by linear subspaces spanned by \\tangent vectors&amp;quot; (derivatives of an image with respect to translation, rotation, etc.), impressive invariance to known types of uniform distortion can be built into feedforward discriminators. We describe a new probability model that can jointly cluster data and learn mixtures of nonuniform, smooth deformation elds. Our elds are based on low-frequency wavelets, so they use very few parameters to model a wide range of smooth deformations (unlike, e.g., factor analysis, which uses a large number of parameters to model deformations). We give results on handwritten digit recognition and face recognition. Accepted for poster presentation, AISTATS 2001, Key West, FL. 1 Introduction Many computer vision and image processing tasks benet from invariances to spatial deformations in the image. Examples include handwritten character recognition, face recognition and motion estimation in video sequences. Whe...
Correction: Stewart et al. Adjuvant Strategies for More Effective Tuberculosis Vaccine Immunity. Microorganisms 2019, 7, 255 (2022)

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...].
Preparation of hybrid paper electrode based on hexagonal boron nitride integrated graphene nanocomposite for free-standing flexible supercapacitors (2021)

Flexible energy storage devices have received great interest due to the increasing demand for wearable and flexible electronic devices with high-power energy sources. Herein, a novel hybrid flexible hexagonal boron nitride integrated graphene paper (BN/GrP) is fabricated from 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets integrated with graphene sheets dispersion <i>via</i> a simple vacuum filtration method. FE-SEM indicated that layered graphene nanosheets tightly confined with h-BN nanosheets. Further, the Raman spectroscopy confirmed successful integration of BN with graphene. As-prepared BN/GrP free-standing flexible conductive paper showed high electrical conductivity of 5.36 × 10<sup>4</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup> with the sheet resistance of 8.87 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup>. However, after 1000 continuous bending cycles, the BN/GrP sheet resistance increased just about 8.7% which indicated good flexibility of the paper. Furthermore, as-prepared BN/GrP showed excellent specific capacitance of 321.95 F g<sup>-1</sup> at current density of 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, the power and energy densities were obtained as 3588.3 W kg<sup>-1</sup>, and 44.7 W h kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The stability of the prepared flexible electrode was tested in galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles, where the results showed the 96.3% retention even after 6000 cycles. These results exhibited that the proposed BN/GrP may be useful to prepare flexible energy-storage systems.
Proteostasis is adaptive: Balancing chaperone holdases against foldases (2020)

Because a cell must adapt to different stresses and growth rates, its proteostasis system must too. How do cells detect and adjust proteome folding to different conditions? Here, we explore a biophysical cost-benefit principle, namely that the cell should keep its proteome as folded as possible at the minimum possible energy cost. This can be achieved by differential expression of chaperones-balancing foldases (which accelerate folding) against holdases (which act as parking spots). The model captures changes in the foldase-holdase ratio observed both within organisms during aging and across organisms of varying metabolic rates. This work describes a simple biophysical mechanism by which cellular proteostasis adapts to meet the needs of a changing growth environment.
Influence of Methylphenidate Treatment on Smoking Behavior in Adolescent Girls With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Borderline Personality Disorders (2009)

Methylphenidate may attenuate smoking behavior in female adolescent smokers with ADHD/BPD.
Anatomic, electrical, and mechanical factors affecting bipolar endocardial electrograms. Impact on catheter ablation of manifest left free-wall accessory pathways. (1994)

The effect of anatomic variations of the AP and the A-V groove is reflected in the bipolar endocardial electrogram and needs to be considered in the approach to AP ablation. The stepwise inclusion of the four electrogram criteria introduced in this study may improve the efficacy of RF catheter ablation of a manifest left free-wall AP at its ventricular insertion. Whenever mapping cannot improve on a delta-V interval > 10 milliseconds despite apparently close contact with the mitral annulus ("good" A/V ratio), attempts at ablation are likely to be successful at the atrial aspect of the mitral annulus.
Light harvesting and energy transfer within coumarin‐labeled polymers (2001)

Abstract Linear copolymers that have pendant coumarin‐2 and coumarin‐343 chromophores were prepared as analogues to previously synthesized light‐harvesting dendrimers. The chromophore ratios within these polymers were maintained similar to those of the various generation dendrimers to investigate the effect of polymer architecture on the energy‐transfer efficiency between the coumarin‐2 donors and coumarin‐343 acceptors. Both physical and photophysical properties of these polymers were analyzed and compared to those of the analogous dendrimers. Energy‐transfer efficiencies were relatively high in the polymers; however, deleterious excimer formation between the coumarin‐343 chromophores diminished the quantum yield of fluorescence of the polymers when compared to the analogous dendrimers. Overall, it was found that the ultimate performance of the dendritic light‐harvesting antennae was superior to that of the polymeric analogues, but the polymers were more practical in terms of synthetic accessibility. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1366–1373, 2001
Extraordinary optical transmission through patterned subwavelength apertures. (2004)

Light propagating through a subwavelength aperture can be dramatically increased by etching a grating in the metal around the hole. Moreover, light that would typically broadly diverge when passing through an unpatterned subwavelength hole can be directed into a narrow beam by utilizing a specific pattern around the aperture. While the increased transmission and narrowed angular emission appear to defy far-field diffraction theory, they are consistent with a fortuitous plasmon/photon coupling. In addition, the coupling between photons and surface plasmons affects the emissivity of a surface comprised of such structures. These properties are useful across several strategic areas of interest to Sandia. A controllable emission spectrum could benefit satellite and military application areas. Photolithography and near-field microscopy are natural applications for a system that controls light beyond the diffraction limit in a manner that is easily parallelizable. Over the one year of this LDRD, we have built or modified the numerical tools necessary to model such structures. These numerical codes and the knowledge base for using them appropriately will be available in the future for modeling work on surface plasmons or other optical modeling at Sandia. Using these tools, we have designed and optimized structures for various transmission or emission properties. We demonstrate the ability to design a metallic skin with an emissivity peak at a pre-determined wavelength in the spectrum. We optimize structures for maximum light transmission and show transmitted beams that beat the far-field diffraction limit.
MINI REVIEW Recent advances in the chemical synthesis of mucin-like glycoproteins (2002)

The decoration of serine and threonine residues with α-linked glycans, initiated by N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification affecting numerous proteins in mammals and other eukaryotes. Because α-GalNAcbased glycans are abundant in mucins, this form of O-linked glycosylation is often referred to as “mucin-like” glycosylation (Hanisch, 2001). Mucins are cell surface or secreted proteins that contain dense clusters of glycosylated serine and threonine residues. Mucins are abundantly produced by epithelial cells that are specialized for mucus production, where they reside at the interface with the extracellular environment. As depicted in Figure 1, branching of the mucin core GalNAc residue (1) can occur at position 3 and/or position 6 to give rise to some common core structures (cores 1–8). In many cases these structures are modified by sulfation and by the addition of NeuAc, Fuc, and/or repeating units of galactose and GlcNAc to give poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) chains. It is important to note that GalNAc-based glycans are not restricted to classical mucins, as some proteins contain only discrete O-glycosylated domains in which case they are said to be “mucin-like.” Mucin-type oligosaccharides are known to serve as important recognition elements, mediating a multitude of cell–cell interactions. For example, mucin-like glycoproteins carry many of the Lewis and blood group antigens, and serve as ligands for Land P-selectin during an inflammatory response (McEver and Cummings, 1997). In addition to serving as receptor-binding ligands, O-linked glycans can have a profound influence on the structure and stability of the protein to which they are attached. The importance of mucin-type glycosylation has inspired much interest in the synthesis of well-defined glycoproteins for structural and functional studies (Herzner et al., 2000). Due to the association of certain mucin-related structures with tumor progression, there has also been a strong interest in the generation of glycopeptide-based tumor vaccines (Danishefsky and Allen, 2000). This article will highlight recent progress in the chemical synthesis of mucin-like glycoproteins with an emphasis on the construction of glycopeptide fragments containing complex O-glycans and the synthesis of full-length O-linked glycoproteins. These synthetic molecules provide homogeneously glycosylated materials for biological and biophysical studies, and some, such as the synthetic vaccines, may find therapeutic applications in the near future.
Glucose-Independent Ethnic Differences in HbA(1c), in People Without Known Diabetes (2013)

OBJECTIVEdTo determine whether glucose-independent differences inHbA1c exist between people of African, South Asian, and Chinese ethnicities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdData from 6,701 people aged 19–78 years, without known diabetes, from Mauritius, and participating in the population-based Non-Communicable Disease Surveys of the main island and the island of Rodrigues were included. Participants were African (n = 1,219 frommain island, n = 1,505 from Rodrigues), South Asian (n = 3,820), and Chinese (n = 157). Survey data included HbA1c, plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), anthropometry, demographics, and medical and lifestyle history. RESULTSdMeanHbA1c, after adjustment for fasting and 2-h plasma glucose and other factors known to influence HbA1c, was higher in Africans from Rodrigues (6.1%) than in South Asians (5.7%, P, 0.001), Chinese (5.7%, P, 0.001), or Africans from the main island of Mauritius (5.7%, P, 0.001). The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes among Africans from Rodrigues differed substantially depending on the diagnostic criteria used [OGTT 7.9 % (95%CI 5.8–10.0); HbA1c 17.3 % (15.3–19.2)]. Changing diagnostic criteria resulted in no significant change in the prevalence of diabetes within the other ethnic groups.
[Avian influenza virus]. (2005)

Influenza viruses are classified as A, B, or C based on the antigenicity of their nucleoproteins and matrix proteins. Influenza A viruses are further categorized into subtypes based on the antigenicity of two of their surface proteins, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. All avian influenza viruses are type A viruses. While the majority of avian influenza viruses are avirulent, viruses of a limited number of subtypes cause severe disease in birds. This difference in pathogenicity among avian influenza viruses is primarily determined by the amino acid sequence at the viral hemagglutinin cleavage site. Since 1997, there have been multiple reports of human infection by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Acquisition of the ability to cause human-to-human transmission by avian influenza viruses will confront the human population with an influenza pandemic crisis. Here we review the molecular basis of pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses in humans.
Reliability of dual damascene Cu metallization (2002)

The electromigration (EM) and bias temperature stress (BTS) performances of Cu metallization in dual damascene structure were examined. The experimental results show that Cu has more than one order of magnitude EM lifetime relative to Al alloy. The activation energy of electromigration of Cu trench is 0.9 eV. The failure sites of Cu dual damascene process after EM stress testing are mainly in the bottom of cathode site's vias. Via electromigration can be improved up to one order magnitude by optimizing several processes such as PR stripping, pad structure, etc. BTS study results indicate that the activation energy of Cu ion drift leakage is around 1.1 to 1.4 eV. The interface of capping SiN and SiO/sub 2/ was found to be the major copper diffusion path. Lifetime extrapolated from the empirical data indicates that the device can sustain longer than 1000 years under normal operation condition.
A Spectral Slit Approach to Doubletalk Detection (2011)

A new class of doubletalk detector based on exploiting a spectral slit is proposed. This is achieved by spectrally deleting a frequency band in the far-end signal such that when the near-end signal is present, only the near-end spectral information is present. The proposed method relies solely on the detection of speech activity period in the slit area, and significantly, it requires no estimation of the echo path. Evaluation in typical acoustic echo setups shows that the proposed method outperforms other conventional doubletalk detectors in terms of probability of miss detection even under poor echo-to-noise ratio (ENR), low echo-to-far-end ratio (EFR) conditions, and echo path change.
Data Flow Transformation for Energy-Efficient Implementation of Givens Rotation--Based QRD (2016)

QR decomposition (QRD), a matrix decomposition algorithm widely used in embedded application domain, can be realized in a large number of valid processing sequences that differ significantly in the number of memory accesses and computations, and hence the overall implementation energy. With modern low-power embedded processors evolving toward register files with wide memory interfaces and vector functional units (FUs), data flow in these algorithms needs to be carefully devised to efficiently utilize the costly wide memory accesses and the vector FUs. In this article, we present an energy-efficient data flow transformation strategy for the Givens rotation--based QRD.
Diagnostischer Stellenwert einer sequenzoptimierten, zeitaufgelösten 3D MR Angiographie in der Diagnostik und Therapieplanung bei Patienten mit peripheren Gefäßmalformationen (2010)

Ziele: Eine genaue Klassifizierung von peripheren Gefäßmalformationen ist unabdingbare Voraussetzung im Rahmen der interdisziplinären Therapieplanung. Ziel der Studie war die Evaluation des diagnostischen Stellenwertes einer neuen, zeitlich und örtlich hochaufgelösten MR Angiographie (MRA) Sequenz bei Patienten mit peripheren Gefäßmalformationen. Methode: 16 konsekutive Patienten (5Männer, 11 Frauen; 20,8±12,3 Jahre) wurden an einem 1,5 T MRT (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens) untersucht. Neben der morphologischen Bildgebung kam eine sequenzoptimierte, zeitaufgelöste MRA (TWIST) mit folgenden, dem Untersuchungsgebiet adaptierten Sequenzparametern zur Anwendung: TR 2,75ms, TE 1,12ms, Auflösung 1,1×1,1mm, Schichtdicke 1,5–3mm, zeitliche Auflösung 1,4–3,5sec, Anzahl der Messungen 25–40. In Abhängigkeit von Alter und Patientenkonstitution wurden 2–4ml Gadobutrol (Bayer HealthCare) mit einer Flussgeschwindigkeit von 1,0–1,3ml/s appliziert. Die Bildanalyse erfolgte durch 2 in der Interventionsradiologie erfahrene Radiologen im Konsensus im Hinblick auf Bildqualität, Detektion arterieller Feeder sowie drainierender Venen. Ergebnis: In allen Studien konnte eine gute (n=7) bis seht gute (n=9) Bildqualität erzielt werden. Lokalisationen der Gefäßmalformationen waren Schulter (n=3), Becken (n=3), Oberschenkel (n=4), Unterschenkel (n=3) sowie Fuß (n=4). Aufgrund der dynamischen Information ließen sich 6 Läsionen als high-flow Gefäßmalformationen im Sinne einer AVM charakterisieren. Die übrigen Läsionen gliederten sich in Hämangiome (n=5), venöse Malformationen (n=3) und Lymphangiome (n=2). Schlussfolgerung: Die vorgestellte Sequenz erlaubt mit einer der konventionellen (statischen) MRA vergleichbaren örtlichen Auflösung und unter Verwendung von nur geringen Mengen Kontrastmittel eine zuverlässige Charakterisierung von peripheren Gefäßmalformationen. Feedergefäße und drainierende Venen können sicher identifiziert werden, weshalb die zeitaufgelöste MRA einen hohen Stellenwert in der prä-interventionellen Therapieplanung besitzt.