gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of Cu/low κ on chip performance (2003)

A new model to predict percentage of performance improvement using copper and/or low /spl kappa/ is rigorously derived. Based on the new model, it is shown that for a typical ASIC design in 0.25 /spl mu/m technology, using copper interconnect alone can improve the speed by about 10%; however in the same technology, using low /spl kappa/ dielectric (/spl epsi//sub r/=2.5) alone can improve the speed by about 27%. The new model indicates that the performance gain for copper and low /spl kappa/ are not additive. Finally, the model is applied to the NTRS projections to explore the performance gain through future technology generations.
HHNEC 0.18um BCD Technology for High Density Power Integration (2011)

A new 0.18um Bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) integrated platform is presented. This technology provides both N type and P type power LDMOS with capability of voltage up to 40V applications; these power LDMOS devices have competitive specific on-resistance; the parasitical miller capacitance and SOA of power LDMOS devices are optimized by careful device and layout design; it also provides HVCMOS with voltage up to 40V analog application; the bipolar devices in this technology are also optimized for power switching as standard bipolar process offers. The 1.8V/5.0V CMOS devices are performance compatible with industry main stream 1.8V/5.0V CMOS technology. This platform is modularized with various options; it can be separated into 1.8V/5.0V mixed 40V HVCMOS process, 5.0V Vgs 40V Vds 0.18um backend BCD process and 1.8V/5.0V Vgs 40V Vds 0.18um BCD process, which customers can easily choose for their product needs without any process tuning.
Single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of the hematopoietic system enable the purification and massive profiling of precisely defined cell states (2021)

ABSTRACT Single-cell genomics has transformed our understanding of complex cellular systems. However, excessive costs and a lack of strategies for the purification of newly identified cell types impede their functional characterization and large-scale profiling. Here, we have generated high content single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of human blood and bone marrow that quantitatively link the expression of up to 197 surface markers to cellular identities and biological processes across all major hematopoietic cell types in healthy aging and leukemia. These reference maps enable the automatic design of cost-effective high-throughput cytometry schemes that outperform state-of-the-art approaches, accurately reflect complex topologies of cellular systems, and permit the purification of precisely defined cell states. The systematic integration of cytometry and proteo-genomic data enables measuring the functional capacities of precisely mapped cell states at the single-cell level. Our study serves as an accessible resource and paves the way for a data-driven era in cytometry.
Vector Perturbation Precoding Under Quantized CSI (2015)

This paper focuses on the design of vector perturbation (VP) precoding for multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) downlink transmission under quantized channel side information (CSI). In particular, each receiver decomposes its downlink channel vector in forms of channel direction information (CDI) and channel magnitude information (CMI) for feedback to the transmitter. The CMI contribution is studied in two scenarios: i) perfect CMI available to the transmitter and ii) only CMI statistics known at the transmitter. Under these two scenarios, using the quantized CDI and quantization error statistics, we propose a unified approach to design the VP precoders that minimize the mean square error (MSE) between channel input and output. Closed-form expressions to the precoders are then derived. Bit-error-rate (BER) results indicate that the proposed VP precoder designs are less sensitive to quantization errors, and CMI availability offers significant performance improvements.
Economic Feasibility of the Sugar Beet‐to‐Ethylene Value Chain (2013)

As part of a long-term strategy toward renewable feedstock, a feasibility study into options for the production of bioethylene by integrating the sugar beet-to-ethanol-to-ethylene value chain. Seven business cases were studied and tested for actual economic feasibility of alternative sugar-to-ethanol-to-ethylene routes in comparison to fossil-fuel alternatives. An elaborate model was developed to assess the relevant operational and financial aspects of each business case. The calculations indicate that bioethylene from sugar beet is not commercially viable under current market conditions. In light of expected global energy and feedstock prices it is also reasonable to expect that this will not change in the near future. To consider biorenewable sources as starting material, they need to be low in cost (compared to sugar beets) and also require less capital and energy-intensive methods for the conversion to chemicals. In general, European sugar prices will be too high for many chemical applications. Future efforts for in sugar-to-chemicals routes should, therefore, focus on integrated process routes and process intensification and/or on products that contain a significant part of the original carbohydrate backbone.
<title>Optimization of two-dimensional photonic bandgap structures</title> (2001)

Photonic band gap structures and their applications have gained a great deal of interest in recent years, with the primary focus on designing structures that have specific optical characteristics. However, little attention has been given to solving the inverse problem of determining the optimum photonic lattice given a desired output. In this paper, we address this need using optimization techniques to design two-dimensional photonic crystals to arbitrarily guide light in two dimensions. By switching the rods of this lattice on and off (rod or no rod), the optimization algorithm arrives at a solution (distribution of the rod in this lattice) that minimizes the cost function. The performance of the optimization is driven by the proper selection of both the cost function and optimization algorithm.
Fabrication of photonic-crystal structures by TBAs-based MOVPE for photonic-crystal lasers (2016)

Summary form only given. We investigate fabrication of a photonic-crystal structure by air-hole retained crystal regrowth using TBAs-based MOVPE for GaAs based photonic-crystal lasers. Air holes having a filling factor of 10 % (the depth was 250 nm and the width was 110 nm) are successfully embedded. The embedded air holes show characteristic shapes due to anisotropy of growth rate along different crystal planes, such as gallium face and arsenic face. Furthermore, a low threshold of 0.5 kAcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> lasing is achieved with the fabricated structure.
C‐type natriuretic peptide enhances osteogenic protein‐1‐induced osteoblastic cell differentiation via Smad5 phosphorylation (2005)

In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) enhances osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) action in stimulating osteoblastic cell differentiation in primary cultures of fetal rat calvaria cell (FRC). CNP enhanced synergistically the OP-1-induced Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) activity and mineralized bone nodule formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To examine possible mechanism of the synergy between OP-1 and CNP, the expression levels of key BMP receptors and signaling molecules were examined. Western blot analysis showed that BMPR-IB and -II receptor protein expression was not affected by CNP alone, but was stimulated by OP-1 alone. The combination of OP-1 and CNP did not further increase their protein levels. The Runx2 protein expression level was not altered by CNP alone, but was elevated by OP-1 alone, and was slightly reduced by the combination. The Smad5 protein expression level was slightly decreased by CNP alone, but was stimulated by OP-1 alone, and was not further stimulated by the combination. Smad5 phosphorylation was not stimulated by CNP alone, but was stimulated significantly by OP-1 alone. The combination of OP-1 and CNP further stimulated the OP-1-induced Smad5 phosphorylation. Thus, one mechanism of the observed synergy between OP-1 and CNP involves enhancement of the Smad5 phosphorylation.
Hardware description languages and their applications : specification, modelling, verification and synthesis of microelectronic systems : proceedings of the IFIP TC10 WG10.5 International Conference on Computer Hardware Description Languages and their Applications, 20-25 April 1997, Toledo, Spain (1997)

Specification and design of reactive systems. Verification using model checking techniques. Formal characterizations of systems. Analog languages. Languages in design flows. Future trends in hardware design. Formal methods for aynchronous and distributed systems. VHDL. Index of contributors. Keyword index.
<title>Analysis of circular source-detector geometries for near-infrared tomographic imaging</title> (2001)

Near-infrared imaging is being examined clinically as a diagnostic tool to image hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation within tissue. Optical projection measurements can be detected from tissue surfaces and combined with an appropriately designed diffusion model-based image reconstruction algorithm to recover maps of the tissue interior. One important issue in the development of this modality is that the geometry of source and detector fibers has a significant impact of the resulting images. In this paper we examine the tradeoffs between using a full circular array of measurements versus a partial array of measurements, as often described in the fan beam imaging approach. Case examples are presented to qualitatively illustrate the possible improvement in going from a circular geometry to the fan-beam geometry of detectors.
Nanoscale Origin of Defects at Metal/Molecule Engineered Interfaces (2013)

The control and repair of defects at metal/molecule interfaces is central to the realization of molecular electronic circuits with reproducible performance. The fundamental mechanism governing defect (pore) evolution on mica-supported metal surfaces, its propagation in self-assembled molecular layers, and its implications for molecular junction devices are discussed. Pore eradication by replacing mica with halide platforms coupled with elevated substrate temperature during metal deposition yields exceptionally ultraflat metal landscapes. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy further substantiates molecular locking at defect sites and upon defect healing; the emergence of a closely packed 2-D molecular architecture is demonstrated with nanometer-scale spatial resolution in liquids.
Single/multi-band Wilkinson-type power dividers with embedded transversal filtering sections and application to channelized filters (2015)

This paper addresses the exploitation of signal-interference concepts for the realization of single/multi-frequency Wilkinson-type filtering power dividers in planar/lumped-element technologies. By embedding transversal signal-interference filtering sections into the arms of conventional Wilkinson-type power-divider topologies, RF/microwave power-distribution actions with intrinsic mono/multi-band bandpass filtering capabilities can be obtained. Analytical equations and rules for the theoretical synthesis of this dual-function device are derived. The generalization of the approach to multi-stage schemes for enhanced-performance designs or for the shaping of frequency-asymmetrical responses is also discussed. Furthermore, for practical demonstration, three prototypes are developed and characterized. They are a microstrip quad-band circuit for the 1-5 GHz range, a dual-band lumped-element device for the band of 0.2-0.6 GHz, and a new type of two-branch channelized active bandpass filter at 3 GHz that makes use of single-band versions of this dual-behavior component as signal-division/combination blocks.
Functional dissection of the cytoplasmic subregions of the interleukin‐5 receptor α chain in growth and immunoglobulin G1 switch recombination of B cells (2001)

The interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain (IL-5Ralpha) is known to regulate the development and function of B cells and eosinophils. Although the functions of IL-5Ralpha cytoplasmic domain subregions have been studied extensively using cultured cell lines, this approach has limitations when studying the functions of distinct primary B-cell subpopulations and their responsiveness to IL-5. In the present study, we generated mice on an IL-5Ralpha null background, each expressing a mutant form of an IL-5Ralpha transgene ligated to a mu enhancer and VH promoter, either lacking the cytoplasmic DC3 region or substituting two proline residues for alanine (ApvA) in the membrane-proximal ppvp motif of the cytoplasmic domain. The ppvp motif, which mediates activation of JAK2/STAT5 and Btk, also contributes to c-fos, c-jun and c-myc expression. IL-5Ralpha null mutant mice showed impaired B-1-cell development, reduced serum immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) and IgM, no IL-5-induced enhancement of B-cell proliferation and IL-5-induced switch recombination from the mu gene to gamma1 gene; these were not recovered following the expression of the ApvA mutant. In contrast, absence of the DC3 region affected the IL-5-induced switch recombination from the mu to the gamma1 gene and B-1-cell development, while IL-5-induced proliferation and IgM production were at levels similar to those of B cells expressing wild-type IL-5Ralpha transgene. The results clearly indicated that the ppvp motif and the DC3 region of IL-5Ralpha played distinct roles in B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, this present approach offers new insights into the functions of the cytoplasmic subregions of IL-5Ralpha, in particular its carboxy-terminal region.
A MAC Protocol for Coexistence between 20/40 MHz STAs for High Throughput WLAN (2006)

IEEE 802.11 is widely known as a standard of WLAN and has a number of amendments and supplements. The one now attracting a great deal of attention is IEEE 802.11n, which is aimed at achieving high throughput. To achieve high throughput, one of the main discussion points is the channel bundling method which extends the channel bandwidth from 20 MHz to 40 MHz. By doubling the channel bandwidth, the data rate can be increased. But a question how to cope with the legacy 20 MHz stations will arise. For this problem, we are proposing to control the 20 MHz and 40 MHz STAs by setting NAV to them in MAC layer. This paper explains our coexistence proposal for the system where transmission in both 20 MHz and 40 MHz channel bandwidths is enabled, and the performance is examined to confirm the effect of our coexistence proposal
The Analysis of SBWR Critical Power Bundle Using Cobrag Code (2012)

The coolant mechanism of SBWR is similar with the Dodewaard Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in the Netherlands that first went critical in 1968. The similarity of both NPP is cooled by natural convection system. These coolant concept is very related with same parameters on fuel bundle design especially fuel bundle length, core pressure drop and core flow rate as well as critical power bundle. The analysis was carried out by using COBRAG computer code. COBRAG computer code is GE Company proprietary. Basically COBRAG computer code is a tool to solve compressible three-dimensional, two fluid, three field equations for two phase flow. The three fields are the vapor field, the continuous liquid field, and the liquid drop field. This code has been applied to analyses model flow and heat transfer within the reactor core. This volume describes the finitevolume equations and the numerical solution methods used to solve these equations. This analysis of same parameters has been done i.e.; inlet sub cooling 20 BTU/lbm and 40 BTU/lbm, 1000 psi pressure and R-factor is 1.038, mass flux are 0.5 Mlb/hr.ft2, 0.75 Mlb/hr.ft2, 1.00 Mlb/hr.ft2 and 1.25 Mlb/hr.ft2. Those conditions based on history operation of some type of the cell fuel bundle line at GE Nuclear Energy. According to the results, it can be concluded that SBWR critical power bundle is 10.5 % less than current BWR critical power bundle with length reduction of 12 ft to 9 ft.
Crash Testing and Evaluation of Work Zone Traffic Control Devices (1998)

Safety of work zones is a major area of concern since it is not always possible to maintain a level of safety comparable to that of a normal highway not under construction. Proper traffic control is critical to the safety of work zones. However, traffic control devices themselves may pose a safety hazard when impacted by errant vehicles. The impact performance of many work zone traffic control devices is mostly unknown, and little, if any, crash testing has been conducted in accordance with guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 350. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has, in recent years, sponsored a number of studies at the Texas Transportation Institute to assess the impact performance of various work zone traffic control devices, including plastic drums and sign substrates, temporary and portable sign supports, plastic cones, vertical panels, and barricades. The results, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are presented for temporary and portable sign supports, plastic drums, sign substrates for use with plastic drums, traffic cones, and vertical panels, whereas those for barricades are covered elsewhere. Most of the work zone traffic control devices satisfactorily met the evaluation criteria set forth in NCHRP Report 350 and are recommended for field implementation. However, some of the devices failed to perform satisfactorily and are not recommended for field applications. The results from these studies are being incorporated into the TxDOT barricade and construction standard sheets for use in work zones.
HNLB: Utilizing Hardware Matching Capabilities of NICs for Offloading Stateful Load Balancers (2019)

In order to scale web or other services, the load on single instances of the respective service has to be balanced. Many services are stateful such that packets belonging to the same connection must be delivered to the same instance. This requires stateful load balancers which are mostly implemented in software. On the one hand, modern packet processing frameworks supporting software load balancers, such as the Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK), deliver high performance compared to older approaches. On the other hand, common Network Interface Cards (NICs) provide additional matching capabilities that can be utilized for increasing the performance even further and in turn reduce the necessary server resources. In fact, offloading the packet matching to hardware can free up CPU cycles of the servers. Therefore, in this work, we propose the Hybrid NIC-offloading Load Balancer (HNLB), a high performance hybrid hardware-software load balancer, utilizing the NIC-offloading hardware matching capabilities. The results of our performance evaluations show that the throughput using NIC offloading can be increased by up to 50%, compared to a high performance software-only implementation. Furthermore, we investigated the limitations of our proposed approach, e.g., the limited number of possible concurrent connections.
Mobile visual search using image and text features (2011)

We present a mobile visual search system that utilizes both text and low bit-rate image features. Using a cameraphone, a user can snap a picture of a document image and search for the document in online databases. From the query image, the title text is detected and recognized and image features are extracted and compressed, as well. Both types of information are sent from the cameraphone client to a server. The server uses the recognized title to retrieve candidate documents from online databases. Then, image features are used to select the correct document(s). We show that by using a novel geometric verification method that incorporates both text and image feature information, we can reduce the missed positives up to 50%. The proposed method can also speed up the geometric process, enabling a larger set of verified titles, resulting in a superior performance compared to previous schemes.
Robotic search-and-rescue: An integrated approach (2008)

Recent advances in robotics and computer science mean that it is now possible to use teams of robots for many real-world applications. One very important application is robotic search-and-rescue. Robots are highly suitable for search-and-rescue tasks since they may be deployed in dangerous and toxic environments without putting human responders at risk. Initial uses of rescue robots, such as during rescue efforts following the 2001 collapse of the World Trade Centre in New York, have highlighted the fact that many improvements are still required if robots are to provide extensive assistance in search-and-rescue scenarios. While much effort is going into development of more robust and mobile robot platforms, it is also necessary to develop advanced methods for multi-robot coordination and practical user interfaces for humans to control the robots. Here we describe an approach being developed jointly by Amsterdam’s Intelligent Systems Laboratory and the Oxford University Computing Laboratory that integrates advanced techniques from a variety of fields such as mapping, localization, exploration, communication, navigation and human-robot interface design. All research reported here is performed using the USARSim simulator.
Neural Paraphrase Identification of Questions with Noisy Pretraining (2017)

We present a solution to the problem of paraphrase identification of questions. We focus on a recent dataset of question pairs annotated with binary paraphrase labels and show that a variant of the decomposable attention model Furthermore, when the model is pretrained on a noisy dataset of automatically collected question paraphrases, it obtains the best reported performance on the dataset.
Optical Signal Processing in Silicon-Based Integrated Devices (2018)

We discuss the latest progress on the development of all-optical signal processing devices in Si-based platform. We discuss the realization of intra and inter-modal wavelength-converters by using our internally developed si-rich-silicon nitride platform.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazole Analogues of 6‐Epicastanospermine and of 3,7a‐Diepialexine. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emission and gain studies of the Tl-Hg excimer (1978)

The pressure and temperature dependence of the Tl-Hg excimer emission in the visible from an rf excited discharge has been studied. The gain of the system in the blue band at 4585 Å is probed with an Ar-ion laser. With gain sensitivity limited to 1/2% due to beam steering and defocusing effects, the system has no gain.