gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide operational margin capability of 1 kbit spin-transfer-torque memory array chip with 1-PMOS and 1-bottom-pin-magnetic-tunnel-junction type cell (2014)

This paper discusses the optimal combination of 1 transistor (T) and 1 magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) type cell for spin transfer torque memory. Taking into consideration of current magnitude for both the T and the MTJ, either PMOS — bottom pin structure or NMOS — top pin structure can be a promising choice. Focusing on the PMOS–bottom pin structure from the viewpoint of avoiding process difficulty, we clarified the condition that the structure would be effective. In order to verify the structure’s effectiveness, a stand-alone MTJ test element group and a 1 kbit memory array chip were designed and fabricated with 90 nm CMOS/100 nm MTJ process. With the pass bit percentage measurement of the memory chip, we successfully demonstrated that 1-PMOS and 1-bottom-pin-MTJ has the wide operation margin of 100% pass at near 1.6 V. It will be an effective solution for 1T–1MTJ memories.
Detergent-Free Decellularization of the Human Pancreas for Soluble Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Production (2020)

Islet transplantation (ITx) has the potential to become the standard of care in beta cell replacement medicine but its results remain inferior to those obtained with whole pancreas transplantation. The protocols currently used for human islet isolation are under scrutiny because they are based on the enzymatic digestion of the organ, whereby the pancreas is demolished, its connections to the body are lost and islets are irreversibly damaged. Islet damage is characterized by critical factors such as the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which represents the 3D framework of the islet niche and whose loss is incompatible with islet euphysiology. Researchers are proposing the use of ECM-based scaffolds derived from the mammalian pancreas to address this problem and ultimately improve islet viability, function, and lifespan. Currently available methods to obtain such scaffolds are harsh because they are largely detergent based. Thus, we propose a new, detergent-free method that creates less ECM damage and can preserve critical components of pancreatic ECM. The results show that the newly developed decellularization protocol allowed the achievement of complete DNA clearance while the ECM components were retained. The ECM obtained was tested for cytotoxicity and encapsulated with human pancreatic islets which showed a positive cellular behavior with insulin secretion when stimulated with glucose challenge. Collectively, we propose a new method for the decellularization of the human pancreas without the use of conventional ionic and non-ionic chemical detergents. This protocol and the ECM obtained with it could be of use for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
Quantum Bianchi Identities and Field Equations for General Relativity (1971)

By invoking the physical symmetry of coordinate invariance for the matter-free gravitational field, the contracted quantum Bianchi identities are derived from a family of Hermitian Lagrangians which are the quantum analogs of the Palatini Lagrangian. It is further shown that these gauge-variational techniques yield a set of necessary conditions that determine whether the quantum field equations and contracted Bianchi identities contain purely quantum structures of order ${\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}$ which possess no classical analogs.
Tearing instability in an anisotropic neutral sheet (1983)

A study is made of the collisionless tearing-mode stability properties of a field-reversed plasma layer whose temperature distribution is anisotropic. The plasma is confined by its self magnetic field with no external field. A kinetic description is used for both ions and electrons. The effects of the axis-crossing and nonaxis-crossing orbits are discussed. It is found that the conventional technique of matching the inner and outer asymptotic solutions at the electron inner-region is inadequate for the anisotropic case. An intermediate region in which the axis-crossing ion orbits are important is identified. The eigenvalue equation is solved using both analytic approximations and numerical methods to obtain the eigenmode structure and the linear dispersion relation.
Development of a (NbTi)/sub 3/Sn strand for the ITER CS scalable model coil (1993)

As the first step in development of the center solenoid (CS) scalable model coil for the International The monuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), development of a (NbTi)/sub 3/Sn strand with characteristics of high current density and low AC loss was started by the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). One of the targets of strand development was set at the point where current density (J/sub c/) was more than 800 A/mm/sup 2/ at 12 T and effective filament diameter (d/sub eff/) was less than 10 mu m. The other target decided by JAERI was the point of more than 600 A/mm/sup 2/ for J/sub c/ and less than 3- mu m d/sub eff/, because it is possible to design the coil by using this strand performance. The 0.92-mm-diameter (NbTi)/sub 3/Sn strands were fabricated by a bronze process, a Nb tube process, and an internal tin diffusion method to attain one of two targets. Strand performance of about 800-A/mm/sup 2/ J/sub c/ at 12 T and about 5- mu m d/sub eff/ was obtained. The results from critical current measurements and effective filament diameter measurements are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Breadboard testing of a phase-conjugate engine with an interferometric wave-front sensor and a microelectromechanical systems-based spatial light modulator (2004)

Laboratory breadboard results of a high-speed adaptive-optics system are presented. The wave-front sensor for the adaptive-optics system is based on a quadrature interferometer, which directly measures the turbulence-induced phase aberrations. The spatial light modulator used in the phase-conjugate engine was a microelectromechanical systems-based piston-only correction device with 1024 actuators. Laboratory experiments were conducted with this system utilizing Kolmogorov phase screens to simulate atmospheric phase distortions. The adaptive-optics system achieved correction speeds in excess of 800 Hz and Strehl ratios greater than 0.5 with the Kolmogorov phase screens.
A biometric access personal optical storage device (2006)

A portable USB2.0 personal storage device that uses built-in encryption and allows data access through biometric scanning of a finger print is described. Biometric image derived templates are stored on the removable 32 mm write once (WO) media. The encrypted templates travel with the disc and allow access to the data providing the biometric feature (e.g. the finger itself) is present. The device also allows for export and import of the templates under secure key exchange protocols. The storage system is built around the small form factor optical engine that uses a tilt arm rotary actuator and front surface media.
Design and Architectural Assessment of 3-D Resistive Memory Technologies in FPGAs (2012)

Emerging nonvolatile memories (eNVMs) such as phase-change random access memories (PCRAMs) or oxide-based resistive random access memories (OxRRAMs) are promising candidates to replace Flash and Static Random Access Memories in many applications. This paper introduces a novel set of building blocks for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) using eNVMs. We propose an eNVM-based configuration point, a look-up table structure with reduced programming complexity and a high-performance switchbox arrangement. We show that these blocks yield an improvement in area and write time of up to 3× and 33×, respectively, versus a regular Flash implementation. By integrating the designed blocks in an FPGA, we demonstrate an area and delay reduction of up to 28% and 34%, respectively, on a set of benchmark circuits. These reductions are due to the eNVM 3-D integration and to their low on-resistance state value. Finally, we survey many flavors of the technologies and we show that the best results in terms of area and delay are obtained with Pt/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Pt stack, while the lowest leakage power is achieved by InGeTe stack.
Convergent radio and fibre architectures for high-speed access (2013)

This paper presents an innovative high-bandwidth access network architecture that offers transparent transport services for fixed (≥ 1 Gbps) and mobile applications (LTE and beyond). The main novelty is the development of a high-functionality, low-energy active remote node (ARN) offering high-speed switching and statistical-multiplexing features for maximal exploitation of available network resources, together with radio and legacy systems compatibility, taking advantage of the required powering at the remote base stations (RBSs). The proposed architecture enables an optimized and sophisticated management and control plane, allowing service providers to transparently monitor their connections, so simplifying network management and application interoperability with heterogeneous networks. Although inherently future-proofed, the proposed network platform is also intrinsically compatible with existing fibre and wireless access solutions in an open access context. In addition, its low-energy, and low-cost design offers an environmentally sustainable technology solution, whilst acting as a critical enabler for new smart services, e-society initiatives, and intelligent lifestyle management.
Chemical vapor deposition of YBa2Cu3O7−x superconducting films (1989)

Superconducting thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x have been produced by chemical vapor deposition. Volatile coordination compound precursors of the oxide components, β-diketonates of Y, Ba, and Cu, are thermally decomposed on hot substrates to form crystalline films. The Ba compound was evaporated in the presence of externally added vapors of the β-diketonate to obtain steady evaporative behavior. Superconducting films were obtained on SrTiO3 substrates at temperatures above 800 °C. The best films have onset temperatures of 90 K and loss of resistance as high as 68 K. Epitaxial growth was obtained.
Ein elektrisch leitfähiges Polythiophen mit kovalent gebundenen Fullerenresten (1996)

Wie eine Schmuckkette mit Anhängern sieht das Polymer 1 des Fulleren‐substituierten Cyclopentadithiophens aus. Die Wechselwirkung der leicht reduzierbaren Fullerenreste mit dem leicht oxidierbaren Polythiophen‐Rückgrat macht 1 zu einem interessanten neuen Material. Cyclovoltammetrische Studien ergaben, daß die C 60 ‐Reste und das Polythiophen ihre elektrochemischen Eigenschaften in 1 bewahren. magnified image
Murine Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells With Colony-Forming or Radioprotective Capacity Lack Expression of the β2-Integrin LFA-1 (1999)

Recently, we have demonstrated that antibodies that block the function of the β2-integrin leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) completely abrogate the rapid mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) with colony-forming and radioprotective capacity induced by interleukin-8 (IL-8) in mice. These findings suggested a direct inhibitory effect of these antibodies on LFA-1–mediated transmigration of stem cells through the bone marrow endothelium. Therefore, we studied the expression and functional role of LFA-1 on murine HPC in vitro and in vivo. In steady state bone marrow ± 50% of the mononuclear cells (MNC) were LFA-1neg. Cultures of sorted cells, supplemented with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/IL-1/IL-3/IL-6/stem cell factor (SCF) and erythropoietin (EPO) indicated that the LFA-1neg fraction contained the majority of the colony-forming cells (CFCs) (LFA-1neg 183 ± 62/7,500 cells v LFA-1pos 29 ± 17/7,500 cells,P &lt; .001). We found that the radioprotective capacity resided almost exclusively in the LFA-1neg cell fraction, the radioprotection rate after transplantation of 103, 3 × 103, 104, and 3 × 104 cells being 63%, 90%, 100%, and 100% respectively. Hardly any radioprotection was obtained from LFA-1pos cells. Similarly, in cytokine (IL-8 and G-CSF)–mobilized blood, the LFA-1neg fraction, which comprised 5% to 10% of the MNC, contained the majority of the colony-forming cells, as well as almost all cells with radioprotective capacity. Subsequently, primitive bone marrow-derived HPC, represented by Wheat-germ-agglutinin (WGA)+/Lineage (Lin)−/Rhodamine (Rho)− sorted cells, were examined. More than 95% of the Rho− cells were LFA-1neg. Cultures of sorted cells showed that the LFA-1neg fraction contained all CFU. Transplantation of 150 Rho− LFA-1neg or up to 600 Rho−LFA-1pos cells protected 100% and 0% of lethally irradiated recipient mice, respectively. These results show that primitive murine HPC in steady-state bone marrow and of cytokine-mobilized blood do not express LFA-1.
Piece-Picking Robot Contributing to Logistics Automation by Handling Various Items (2022)

In response to the growing needs for labor saving in distribution centers, the demand for automation of work is increasing. However, due to the variety of items, it is difficult to automate with conventional technology. In order to automate the picking work of various items, we have developed a picking robot system equipped with item recognition technology, motion planning technology, and hybrid hand. In this paper, we show results of evaluation experiments on various items and how they can be handled.
Behavioral Effects of the Benzodiazepine-Positive Allosteric Modulator SH-053-2’F-S-CH3 in an Immune-Mediated Neurodevelopmental Disruption Model (2015)

Our preclinical data suggest that benzodiazepine-like positive allosteric modulators with activity at the α2, α3, and α5 subunits of the GABAA receptor may be particularly useful in correcting pathological overactivity of the dopaminergic system, but they may be ineffective in targeting multiple pathological domains that involve the co-existence of psychotic, social, and cognitive dysfunctions.
Preconditioning Strategies to Limit Graft Immunogenicity and Cold Ischemic Organ Injury (2004)

During the transplant process, the graft is exposed to numerous events, which may enhance its immunogenicity. In particular, factors related to brain death, such as hemodynamic instability and systemic release of cytokines, cold preservation on harvesting, and reperfusion injury, are known to accumulate in harm, conveying a proinflammatory state to the graft before transplant. Alloimmune reactivity is initiated when the host immune system detects non-self-antigens in the context of “danger signals.” Eliminating these danger signals by modifying the graft before transplant has the potential to attenuate the alloimmune response. The molecules, which mediate danger signals, have not yet been fully identified. Free oxygen radicals and interferon-γ are important candidates. One of the most important protective mechanisms against oxidative stress is the heme oxygenase 1 system. Up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1 in grafts has been shown to prevent ischemia-reperfusion damage and improve long-term graft survival in various transplant models. The benefit of blocking the action of interferon-γ in kidney transplants is less clear because the compound plays such a complex and pivotal role in the immune response, and experimental data with interferon-γ receptor knockout mice are conflicting. It has recently become clear that catecholamines are important graft-modifying agents. Dopamine is capable of stimulating the induction of protective enzymes like heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) rendering the organ more resistant to the insult of ischemia/reperfusion and inflammation. Retrospective clinical data suggest that treatment of brain-dead organ donors with catecholamines is associated with less rejection and a better long-term graft survival of kidneys transplanted from these donors. Catecholamines can also modulate cytokine production and prevent cold-induced damage. Other substances, such as proteoglycans and phosphatidylethanolamine-bound hyaluronic acid, may interfere with the actions of interferon-γ. Further studies of these compounds in experimental animal models and in prospective randomized clinical trials will help establish their efficacy in donor pretreatment. It is important to underscore that donor pretreatment will have great advantages for the recipient because an improved long-term graft survival could thus be achieved cost-efficiently and without great effort or side effects.
Catch and release of optical pulses by dynamic Q control of a photonic crystal nanocavity (2008)

We demonstrate catching and releasing of optical pulses by dynamic Q factor control of a photonic crystal nanocavity. Optical pulses are caught and released on demand within the photon lifetime.
High Efficiency Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Cubic Silicon Carbide/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Using an Optimized Buffer Layer (2011)

Heterojunction crystalline silicon solar cells using a nanocrystalline cubic silicon carbide (nc-3C-SiC) emitter were optimized by changing the deposition time of a buffer layer. The implied open circuit voltage (implied-Voc) estimated from quasi-steady state photoconductance measurements strongly depended on the buffer deposition time. The implied-Voc of 0.690 V was achieved with a buffer deposition time of 30 s. The optimized solar cell showed an active area efficiency of 19.1% (Voc=0.680 V, Jsc=36.6 mA/cm2, and FF=0.769). The excellent cell performance is a direct evidence of the potential of the nc-3C-SiC:H emitter.
Dispersion of the Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP) in Multiple Sclerosis (1983)

A fast Fourier transform technique was used to quantitate the dispersion of the somatosensory evoked potential elicited by median nerve stimulation. The evaluation was proportional to the log of the SEP spectral energy between 380 and 1000 Hz. This was linearly scaled to a range of numbers between zero and five representing minimal mal to severe degrees of dispersion, respectively. In 21 controls, dispersion measured 1.5 ±0.6 with an upper normal limit of 2.5. In 24 MS suspects, dispersion ranged between 0.3 and 3.9. A Bayesian decision-maker, based only on spectral energy, correctly classified all of the control group and 63 percent of a patient group with definite, probable, or suspected MS. Dispersion of the SEP, when used along with other factors such as latency and shape, adds to overall diagnostic accuracy.
Performance analysis of a 10-Gb/s millimeter-wave impulse radio transmitter (2010)

This paper presents analytical results of the effects of jitter and inter symbol interference (ISI) on a millimeter-wave impulse radio (IR) transceiver, compared with performance of the developed 10-Gb/s W-band IR transmitter prototype. The compact and cost-effective IR transmitter consists of a pulse generator (PG) that creates a short pulse with a duration of &#60;10 ps, a band-pass filter (BPF) that shapes the short pulse to the desired millimeter-wave pulse (wavelet), and a power amplifier (PA) which is deployed as an option. Jitters of the PG and ISI from the BPF are a great issue to make the IR transceiver robust and to obtain excellent performance. One analysis verified that, thanks to a novel retiming architecture, the random jitter and the data dependent jitter from the PG give only a small penalty of &#60;0.5-dB increase in signal to noise ratio (SNR) for achieving a bit error rate (BER) of &#60;10−12. The alternative analysis on the effect of ISI from the BPF indicated that using a Gaussian BPF enables transmission with a BER of &#60;10−12 up to a data rate of 1.4 times as large as a bandwidth of the BPF, whereas the ISI analysis suggested that mismatching of the skirt characteristics of the developed BPF to those of a Gaussian BPF causes tail lobes following the wavelet, resulting in an on/off ratio of &#60;15 dB and hence an SNR penalty of &#60;6 dB.
Compounding Selectivity in Reactions of Diastereoisomeric Radical Intermediates. An experimental demonstration that the yield of a product from a diastereotopic‐group‐selective reaction can significantly exceed the level of group selectivity (1996)

Abstract Reduction of a bis‐radical precursor, 6‐phenyl‐1,1‐bis[3‐(phenylselanyl)propyl]‐3a,4‐dihydro‐1 H ,3 H ‐cyclopenta[ c ]furan‐5‐one ( 6 ), with 3 equiv. of Ph 3 SnH provides mixtures of cis,cis ‐ or cis,trans ‐angular triquinane products (3aα,5aβ,8β,8a R *)‐ and (3aα,5aα,8β,8a R *)‐hexahydro‐3a‐propyl‐8‐phenyl‐5 H ‐dicyclopenta[ b,c ]furan‐7(8 H )‐one ( cis,cis ‐ 12 / cis,trans ‐ 12 ), in yields that vary from 50%/50% to 91%/6% depending on the reaction concentration. A mechanistic model for this process is proposed that involves a non‐selective phenylselenium‐group abstraction step followed by successive kinetic resolutions of diastereoisomeric radical intermediates. This reaction shows how yields in group‐selective reactions can be compounded to levels above that ostensibly permitted by the level of the group‐selective step.
Heterogeneous 3-D Integration of Multitier Compute-in-Memory Accelerators: An Electrical-Thermal Co-Design (2021)

Emerging nonvolatile memory (eNVM)-based compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators have been proven in silicon for machine learning at the macrolevel. To fully unleash the system-level benefits, the heterogeneous 3-D integration (H3D) using through-silicon via (TSV) is a promising approach, to: 1) address the challenges of area-hungry peripheries in CIM accelerators; 2) solve the 2-D scaling challenges of eNVM; and 3) stack enormous amount of embedded memories that are required in state-of-the-art deep neural network models. This article presents an electrical-thermal co-design of multitier CIM accelerators, based on SRAM and/or eNVM, with hybrid technology nodes for logic and memory tiers. We benchmark the CIM accelerators on 8-bit ResNet-34 for ImageNet recognition, with layer-by-layer and pipelined schemes, respectively. By sweeping TSV diameter from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 100 nm, we investigate the tradeoffs of system performance metrics (TOPS/W, TOPS, and TOPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and H3D challenges (thermal and IR-drop in power delivery). Finally, we find the sweet spot of TSV diameter for multitier H3D system is 1– <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , to guarantee balanced area-overhead, performance, and IR-drop in power delivery. The extended benchmark framework is released on GitHub ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><uri>https://github.com/neurosim</uri></i> ) as an open-source tool for the research community.
EFFECTS OF POLARIZED LENSES ON GOLF PUTTING PERFORMANCE. (2002)

Saturday, December 14, 2002: Posters: Binocular Vision, Pediatric Optometry, Public Health, Vision Science: PDF Only