gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Glypicans in Cancer Progression and Therapy (2020)

Glypicans are a family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are attached to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Glypicans interact with multiple ligands, including morphogens, growth factors, chemokines, ligands, receptors, and components of the extracellular matrix through their heparan sulfate chains and core protein. Therefore, glypicans can function as coreceptors to regulate cell proliferation, cell motility, and morphogenesis. In addition, some glypicans are abnormally expressed in cancers, possibly involved in tumorigenesis, and have the potential to be cancer-specific biomarkers. Here, we provide a brief review focusing on the expression of glypicans in various cancers and their potential to be targets for cancer therapy.
Hyperpolarizing Gases via Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Sublimation (2010)

A high throughput method was designed to produce hyperpolarized gases by combining low-temperature dynamic nuclear polarization with a sublimation procedure. It is illustrated by applications to 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance in xenon gas, leading to a signal enhancement of 3 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to the room-temperature thermal equilibrium signal at 7.05 T.
Electron heating in GaAs due to electron-electron interactions (1994)

The interaction between hot electrons, injected into a confined doped GaAs layer, and cold electrons residing in this layer is studied. Utilizing a hot-electron transistor, we found that the output current is larger than the input current, indicating that electron heating is taking place in the layer. Two possible pictures were considered, one assuming single-particle energy and momentum transfer from hot to cold electrons, and the other assuming that thermal equilibrium is reached among the heated cold electrons. By comparing different devices we conclude that the equilibrium picture describes better the heating process, with measured electron temperatures of 10--20 K. Using a power-balance criterion we estimate the energy relaxation time of the hot injected electrons.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Scalable Synthesis of the Molecular Transporter Octaarginine via a Segment Doubling Strategy. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Integration of MUMPS and electronics for system prototyping</title> (1996)

In order to create true Smart MEMS systems, the integration of electronics with the MEMS devices is essential. There are currently three methods of integration available: monolithic integration, flip chip attachment and hybrid assembly. The use of flip chip attachment for Smart MEMS has previously been described, and is now available as part of the ARPA- supported MEMS infrastructure programs MUMPs and TechNet. This paper will describe the electromechanical control system chip and the method of using it in conjunction with MUMPs to develop Smart MEMS prototypes.
Low Power Image Processing: Analog Versus Digital Comparison (2006)

In this paper, a programmable analog retina is presented and compared with state of the art MPU for embedded imaging applications. The comparison is based on the energy requirement to implement the same image processing task. Results showed that analog processing requires lower power consumption than digital processing. In addition, the execution time is shorter since the size of the retina is reasonably large.
Beam Hardening Artifact Reduction in X-Ray CT Reconstruction of 3D Printed Metal Parts Leveraging Deep Learning and CAD Models (2020)

Abstract Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of additively manufactured (AM) parts is important for understanding the impacts of various process parameters and qualifying the built part. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has played a critical role in rapid NDE and characterization of AM parts. However, XCT of metal AM parts can be challenging because of artifacts produced by standard reconstruction algorithms as a result of a confounding effect called “beam hardening.” Beam hardening artifacts complicate the analysis of XCT images and adversely impact the process of detecting defects, such as pores and cracks, which is key to ensuring the quality of the parts being printed. In this work, we propose a novel framework based on using available computer-aided design (CAD) models for parts to be manufactured, accurate XCT simulations, and a deep-neural network to produce high-quality XCT reconstructions from data that are affected by noise and beam hardening. Using extensive experiments with simulated data sets, we demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the reconstruction quality, thereby enabling better detection of defects compared with the state of the art. We also present promising preliminary results of applying the deep networks trained using CAD models to experimental data obtained from XCT of an AM jet-engine turbine blade.
Rheological quality and stability of yog‐ice cream with added inulin (2002)

Research was conducted to examine the effect of inulin on the rheological and textural characteristics of yog‐ice cream desserts in relation to their sensory attributes. Addition of inulin to yog‐ice cream was shown to increase viscosity of the yogurt‐ice cream mix and increase hardness of the resulting yog‐ice cream. Meltdown characteristics of the yog‐ice creams demonstrated a clear relationship between increased oligosaccharide levels and improved melting properties.
Learning RGB-D Feature Embeddings for Unseen Object Instance Segmentation (2020)

Segmenting unseen objects in cluttered scenes is an important skill that robots need to acquire in order to perform tasks in new environments. In this work, we propose a new method for unseen object instance segmentation by learning RGB-D feature embeddings from synthetic data. A metric learning loss function is utilized to learn to produce pixel-wise feature embeddings such that pixels from the same object are close to each other and pixels from different objects are separated in the embedding space. With the learned feature embeddings, a mean shift clustering algorithm can be applied to discover and segment unseen objects. We further improve the segmentation accuracy with a new two-stage clustering algorithm. Our method demonstrates that non-photorealistic synthetic RGB and depth images can be used to learn feature embeddings that transfer well to real-world images for unseen object instance segmentation.
Filtered-Prefix OFDM (2018)

A new out-of-band (OOB) emission reduction technique for OFDM is presented which combined filtering of a cyclic prefix (CP) with appropriate complex subcarrier weighting. First, it is shown that for any filter shorter than the CP, filtered-OFDM can equivalently be decomposed into these two processings. This first directly leads to a low-complexity implementation of filtered-OFDM, while it also opens additional degrees of freedom to design OOB reduction methods non-equivalent to conventional filtering. Subcarrier weights can notably be smoothed to attenuate the original Gibbs effect of filtering, which enables trading off in-band distortion against OOB emission while maintaining the slope of the transition band.
Development of a concise, scalable synthesis of a CCR1 antagonist utilizing a continuous flow Curtius rearrangement (2017)

A convergent and robust synthesis of a developmental CCR1 antagonist is described using continuous flow technology.
Whole Prostate Volume and Shape Changes with the Use of an Inflatable and Flexible Endorectal Coil (2014)

Purpose. To determine to what extent an inflatable endorectal coil (ERC) affects whole prostate (WP) volume and shape during prostate MRI. Materials and Methods. 79 consecutive patients underwent T2W MRI at 3T first with a 6-channel surface coil and then with the combination of a 16-channel surface coil and ERC in the same imaging session. WP volume was assessed by manually contouring the prostate in each T2W axial slice. PSA density was also calculated. The maximum anterior-posterior (AP), left-right (LR), and craniocaudal (CC) prostate dimensions were measured. Changes in WP prostate volume, PSA density, and prostate dimensions were then evaluated. Results. In 79 patients, use of an ERC yielded no significant change in whole prostate volume (0.6 ± 5.7%, P = 0.270) and PSA density (-0.2 ± 5.6%, P = 0.768). However, use of an ERC significantly decreased the AP dimension of the prostate by -8.6 ± 7.8% (P < 0.001), increased LR dimension by 4.5 ± 5.8% (P < 0.001), and increased the CC dimension by 8.8 ± 6.9% (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Use of an ERC in prostate MRI results in the shape deformation of the prostate gland with no significant change in the volume of the prostate measured on T2W MRI. Therefore, WP volumes calculated on ERC MRI can be reliably used in clinical workflow.
Cardiac magnetic resonance fluoroscopy (1996)

A technique is described for high speed interactive imaging of the heart with either white or black blood contrast. Thirty-two views of a segmented, magnetization-prepared gradient echo sequence are acquired during diastole. Using three-quarter partial Fourier sampling, data for a complete 128 x 128 image are acquired in three cardiac cycles. High speed reconstruction provides an image update of each cardiac cycle 159 ms after measurement. An independent graphical user interface facilitates interactive control of section localization and contrast by permitting pulse sequence parameter modification during scanning. The efficiency and image quality of the cardiac MR fluoroscopy technique were evaluated in 11 subjects. Compared with the conventional graphic prescription method, the cardiac fluoroscopy technique provides an approximate eightfold reduction in the time required to obtain subject-specific double oblique sections. Image quality for these scout acquisitions performed during free breathing was sufficient to identify small cardiac structures.
Delayed Photoluminescence in Metal-Conjugated Fluorophores (2019)

Assemblies of metal nanostructures and fluorescent molecules represent a promising platform for the development of biosensing and near-field imaging applications. Typically, the interaction of molecular fluorophores with surface plasmons in metals results in either quenching or enhancement of the dye excitation energy. Here, we demonstrate that fluorescent molecules can also engage in a reversible energy transfer (ET) with proximal metal surfaces, during which quenching of the dye emission via the energy transfer to localized surface plasmons can trigger delayed ET from metal back to the fluorescent molecule. The resulting two-step process leads to the sustained delayed photoluminescence (PL) in metal-conjugated fluorophores, as was demonstrated here through the observation of increased PL lifetime in assemblies of Au nanoparticles and organic dyes (Alexa 488, Cy3.5, and Cy5). The observed enhancement of the PL lifetime in metal-conjugated fluorophores was corroborated by theoretical calculations based on the reverse ET model, suggesting that these processes could be ubiquitous in many other dye-metal assemblies.
Near-Field Imaging of Enhanced Transmittance through an Array of Plasmonic Nanoantennae (2005)

Aperture based near-field microscopy of engineered double layer arrays in illumination mode has shown increased transmission through the array. This is due to a nanoantenna effect created by the double layer and metallized tip.
Supplementary Table 5 from Molecular Triage of Premalignant Lesions in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology and Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Urine, Using a Panel of Methylated Human Papilloma Virus and Host Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Circulating cell free DNA isolation results.&lt;/p&gt;
Nucleation of WS2Fullerenes at Room Temperature (1996)

Inorganic nested fullerene-like particles of layered compound WS2 were observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is shown, for the first time, that these structures can be nucleated inside the amorphous matrix at room temperature. At this condition the nucleation process may take 3-4 years.
Comparison of a non-invasive arterial pulse contour technique and echo Doppler aorta velocity-time integral on stroke volume changes in optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy (2010)

Individual AV optimization increases the effect of CRT. Nexfin is a promising tool in individual CRT optimization, as Nexfin agrees with VTIao on measuring beat-to-beat SV changes and on assessing relative effects of BiVP on SV at various AV delays.
Book reviews (1994)

Journal Article Book reviews Get access Health Care for the Poor in Latin America and the Caribbean by Carmelo Mesa-Logo. 1992 PAHO Scientific Publications No. 539 in association with the inter-American Foundation,Washington, DC. 234 pages. Steven Russell Steven Russell Department of Public Health and Policy London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health Policy and Planning, Volume 9, Issue 2, June 1994, Pages 230–232, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/9.2.230 Published: 01 June 1994
Statistical Study of the Effects of the Composition on the Oxidation Resistance of Ni‐Based Superalloys (2015)

The effects of alloying elements (Co, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Ti, and Ta) on the oxidation resistance of Ni‐based superalloys are studied using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The statistical analysis showed that Al and Ta generally improve the oxidation resistance of the alloy, whereas Ti and Mo degrade the oxidation resistance. Co, Cr, and W did not alter oxidation rate significantly when examined by the mass gain averaged for all model alloys. However, it is remarkable that the degree of the effects of alloying elements varied with the concentration of other elements. Further, the effect of each element was sometimes found to be reversed for alloy groups specified by the concentration of another element.
RETRACTED: Small interfering RNA effectively inhibits protein expression and negative strand RNA synthesis from a full‐length hepatitis C virus clone (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is usually treated with the combination of interferon and ribavirin, but only a small fraction of patients develop a sustained remission. There is need for the development of specific molecular approaches for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. We propose that RNA interference is highly effective antiviral strategy that offers great potential for the treatment of HCV infection. Three plasmid constructs expressing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted to sequences encoding the structural gene (E2) and non-structural genes (NS3, NS5B) of HCV1a genome were prepared. Antiviral properties of siRNAs against the HCV1a strain were studied in a transient replication model that involved the use of a transcription plasmid containing the full-length HCV genome and an adenovirus expressing T7 RNA polymerase. We found that siRNAs targeted to the E2, NS3 and NS5B regions of the HCV genome efficiently inhibited expression of the HCV core and NS5A protein measured by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical staining. Intracytoplasmic immunization of siRNAs in HCV-transfected cells efficiently degraded genomic positive strand HCV RNA, as shown by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). All three siRNAs efficiently inhibited synthesis of replicative negative strand HCV RNA in the transfected cells. A control siRNA plasmid against a Epstein--Barr virus latency gene did not inhibit protein expression and negative strand HCV RNA. These results suggest that RNAi is an effective and alternative approach that can be used to inhibit HCV expression and replication.
Novel Synthesis of Enamines by Iridium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Tertiary Amines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Super-Directive Antenna Arrays: Fundamentals and New Perspectives (2019)

Wireless power transfer between an array of antennas and a single-antenna terminal is governed by matrix circuit theory. A complex-valued, non-conjugate symmetric impedance matrix constitutes a complete quantitative description of the system. The real-part of the impedance matrix is non-negative definite. The efficiency with which power can be transferred-either down-link (from the antenna array to the single-antenna terminal) or up-link (from the terminal to the array) is equal to the ratio of received power to transmitted power. The maximization of power transfer efficiency with respect to the joint transmit/receive activities yields the fact that the optimized up-link efficiency is equal to the optimized down-link efficiency. The typical operation of antenna arrays seeks to minimize mutual coupling among the constituent antennas by spacing the antennas at least half of a wave-length apart, which yields an array gain proportional to the number of antennas. By utilizing closer spacing, and deliberately creating strong mutual coupling, in principle it is possible to realize considerably higher array gains for the same number of antennas, a phenomenon called super-directivity. Practical super-directivity would benefit not only wireless communications, but also wireless power transfer.
Large-scale serum protein biomarker discovery in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2015)

Serum biomarkers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) may provide deeper insights into disease pathogenesis, suggest new therapeutic approaches, serve as acute read-outs of drug effects, and be useful as surrogate outcome measures to predict later clinical benefit. In this study a large-scale biomarker discovery was performed on serum samples from patients with DMD and age-matched healthy volunteers using a modified aptamer-based proteomics technology. Levels of 1,125 proteins were quantified in serum samples from two independent DMD cohorts: cohort 1 (The Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy-Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center), 42 patients with DMD and 28 age-matched normal volunteers; and cohort 2 (The Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group, Duchenne Natural History Study), 51 patients with DMD and 17 age-matched normal volunteers. Forty-four proteins showed significant differences that were consistent in both cohorts when comparing DMD patients and healthy volunteers at a 1% false-discovery rate, a large number of significant protein changes for such a small study. These biomarkers can be classified by known cellular processes and by age-dependent changes in protein concentration. Our findings demonstrate both the utility of this unbiased biomarker discovery approach and suggest potential new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for ameliorating the burden of DMD and, we hope, other rare and devastating diseases.
Fast and precise data acquisition for broadband microwave tomography systems (2017)

Microwave imaging (MWI) is a noninvasive diagnosis method, which has been investigated for a wide range of applications. MWI techniques include radar-based approaches as well as microwave tomography (MWT). One major challenge designing broadband MWI systems is the development of a data acquisition unit that allows for fast broadband scattering parameter measurements with a high measurement precision and a high dynamic range (DR), at reasonable cost. The cost-performance criteria cannot readily be achieved using commercial, continuous wave (CW) vector network analyzers (VNA) or pulse-based systems. Therefore, in this paper we propose a data acquisition unit, based on the well-known method of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) network analysis. It offers fast scattering parameter measurements without compromising the measurement precision and the DR, and is particularly advantageous for MWI systems requiring a high number of frequency samples. A 2-port metadyne prototype electronics with low hardware complexity was developed, which allows very fast, precise, and accurate reflection and transmission measurements in the frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz. To the best of the authors' knowledge, a system with combined performance in terms of bandwidth, sweep time (1 ms), DR (80 dB) and maximum signal-to-noise-and-spurious ratio (65 dB) has not previously been reported. The design, the calibration, and the characterization of the prototype electronics are described in detail, and the measurement results are compared to those obtained with commercial high-end CW VNA. The advantages and limitations of the metadyne FMCW technique compared to the heterodyne CW technique are discussed. The applicability of the prototype electronics and the described calibration technique for microwave imaging has been demonstrated based on measurements using an 8-port MWT sensor and a switching matrix.
Pivotal Role of Tenascin-W (-N) in Postnatal Incisor Growth and Periodontal Ligament Remodeling (2021)

The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a fascinating model for studying stem cell regulation and organ renewal. In the incisor, epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells assure lifelong tooth growth. The epithelial stem cells reside in a niche known as the cervical loop. Mesenchymal stem cells are located in the nearby apical neurovascular bundle and in the neural plexus. So far, little is known about extracellular cues that are controlling incisor stem cell renewal and guidance. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-W, also known as tenascin-N (TNN), is expressed in the mesenchyme of the pulp and of the periodontal ligament of the incisor, and is closely associated with collagen 3 fibers. Here, we report for the first time the phenotype of tenascin-W/TNN deficient mice, which in a C57BL/6N background exhibit a reduced body weight and lifespan. We found major defects in the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament of the growing rodent incisors, whereas molars were not affected. The alveolar bone around the incisor was replaced by a dense scar-like connective tissue, enriched with newly formed nerve fibers likely leading to periodontal pain, less food intake and reduced body weight. Using soft food to reduce mechanical load on the incisor partially rescued the phenotype. <i>In situ</i> hybridization and Gli1 reporter mouse experiments revealed decreased hedgehog signaling in the incisor mesenchymal stem cell compartment, which coordinates the development of mesenchymal stem cell niche. These results indicate that TNN deficiency in mice affects periodontal remodeling and increases nerve fiber branching. Through periodontal pain the food intake is reduced and the incisor renewal and the neurovascular sonic hedgehog secretion rate are reduced. In conclusion, tenascin-W/TNN seems to have a primary function in rapid periodontal tissue remodeling and a secondary function in mechanosensation.
Adaptive threshold adjustment for signaldistortion- free digital-coherent optical demodulation system (2008)

Optical quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) attracts considerable attention in the enhancement of communications capacity, due to its high spectral efficiency. However, this modulation format is more sensitive to signal distortion than conventional formats, making it more difficult to create, transmit, and detect signals. In this paper, we propose an adaptive scheme for demodulation of the distorted optical signals with paying attention to use of DSP-technology. The scheme is based on the adjustment of the thresholds against the signal distortion. Successful demodulation of optical QAM signals is demonstrated with a sufficiently low bit-error rate.