gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Multiply Spliced Transcripts in Lymphoid Tissue Reservoirs of Rhesus Macaques Infected with RT-SHIV during HAART (2014)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can reduce levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to undetectable levels in infected individuals, but the virus is not eradicated. The mechanisms of viral persistence during HAART are poorly defined, but some reservoirs have been identified, such as latently infected resting memory CD4⁺ T cells. During latency, in addition to blocks at the initiation and elongation steps of viral transcription, there is a block in the export of viral RNA (vRNA), leading to the accumulation of multiply-spliced transcripts in the nucleus. Two of the genes encoded by the multiply-spliced transcripts are Tat and Rev, which are essential early in the viral replication cycle and might indicate the state of infection in a given population of cells. Here, the levels of multiply-spliced transcripts were compared to the levels of gag-containing RNA in tissue samples from RT-SHIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with HAART. Splice site sequence variation was identified during development of a TaqMan PCR assay. Multiply-spliced transcripts were detected in gastrointestinal and lymphatic tissues, but not the thymus. Levels of multiply-spliced transcripts were lower than levels of gag RNA, and both correlated with plasma virus loads. The ratio of multiply-spliced to gag RNA was greatest in the gastrointestinal samples from macaques with plasma virus loads <50 vRNA copies per mL at necropsy. Levels of gag RNA and multiply-spliced mRNA in tissues from RT-SHIV-infected macaques correlate with plasma virus load.
Simple Time-Resolved Fluorometer Based on a Nanosecond Digital Oscilloscope and a Diode-Pumped, Solid-State Laser (1993)

A simple time-resolved fluorometer is constructed with an all-solid-state-based, frequency-tripled, Q-switched, diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser as the excitation source. Signal processing is accomplished with a digital oscilloscope. Simplicity of operation and applicability to trace analysis and in time-resolved spectroscopy are demonstrated with this new instrument. The laser produces 2.5-ns pulses at 349 nm and is capable of kilohertz repetition rates. For every shot of the laser, the oscilloscope collects an entire fluorescence decay at a 1-ns digitizer resolution and can average these data at the maximum laser repetition rate. When one is operating at 1 kHz and signal averaging for one second, detection limits (S/N = 3) in the 10–100 pM region are obtained. Excited-state decays are collected for several enzymatic probes and quinine sulfate, providing lifetimes consistent with those obtained by established instruments.
Synthesis and confirmation of structure of the antheridium-inducing factor from the fern Anemia mexicana (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and confirmation of structure of the antheridium-inducing factor from the fern Anemia mexicanaMark. Furber and Lewis N. ManderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 12, 4084–4085Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00220a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Design of 65-nm CMOS Transformer-Based Impedance Matching for LTE Power Amplifier Applications (2018)

International audience
Applications of Domino Transformations in Organic Synthesis 2 (2016)

The rapid pace of evolution in domino, or cascade-based transformations has revolutionized the practice of chemical synthesis for the creation of natural products, designed molecules, and pharmaceuticals. Science of Synthesis: Applications of Domino Transformations in Organic Synthesis explores the topic thoroughly and systematically, serving as the basis for practical applications and future research. The 2-volume set presents the cutting-edge in terms of design, strategy, and experimental procedures, leading to multiple events being accomplished within a single reaction vessel. The content is organized by the core type of reaction used to initiate the event, be it a pericyclic reaction, a metal-mediated transformation, radical chemistry, or an acid-induced cascade among many others. Volume 2 covers pericyclic reactions (Diels-Alder, sigmatropic shifts, ene reactions), dearomatizations, and additions to C-O/C-N multiple bonds.
A new look at the amplification of gastric electrical signals (2002)

Amplification of gastric electrical signals (GEA) deserves another look when efforts are made to convert electrogastrography into an objective clinical tool. The aim of this work was to underline the requirements for proper amplification of GEA signals. The suggested computer-controlled GEA amplifier is galvanically isolated and has flexible frequency and gain ranges. Special measures were taken to provide high common-mode rejection ratio and input impedance. The amplifier was subjected to several tests using simulation software prior to implementation and conventional testing methods after that.
Search for pseudoscalar cold dark matter (1992)

AH dynamical evidence points to the conclusion that the predominant form of matter in the universe is in a non-luminous form. Furthermore, large scale deviations from uniform Hubble flow, and the recent COBE reports of inhomogeneities in the cosmic microwave background strongly suggest that we live in an exactly closed universe. If this is true, then ordinary baryonic matter could only be a minority component (10% at most) of the missing mass, and that what constitutes the majority of the dark matter must involve new physics. The axion is one of very few well motivated candidates which may comprise the dark matter. Additionally it is a `cold` dark-matter candidate which is preferred by the COBE data. We propose to construct and operate an experiment to search for axions which may constitute the dark matter of our own galaxy. As proposed by Sikivie, dark-matter axions may be detected by their stimulated conversion into monochromatic microwave photons in a tunable high-Q cavity inside a strong magnetic field. Our ability to mount an experiment quickly and take data within one year is due to a confluence of three factors. The first is the availability of a compact high field superconducting magnet and a local industrial partner, Wang NMR, who can make a very thermally efficient and economical cryostat for it. The second is an ongoing joint venture with the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences to do R&D on metalized precision-formed ceramic microwave cavities for the axion search, and INR has commited to providing all the microwave cavity arrays for this experiment, should this proposal be approved. The third is a commitment of very substantial startup capital monies from MIT for all of the state-of-the-art ultra-low noise microwave electronics, to one of our outstanding young collaborators who is joining their faculty.
The use of computer animation of mapped cardiac potentials in studying electrical conduction properties of arrhythmias (2002)

It is shown how computer animation of potentials recorded from 121 electrodes on the canine heart surface is used to study the electrical conduction properties of the heart. Color indicates the magnitude of each electrode's recorded voltage on the workstation screen. As each electrode's recorded voltage changes over time the corresponding color on the screen changes. The colors for all 121 electrodes appear to change simultaneously on the monitor, avoiding motion artifacts which could interfere with interpretation of the animation sequence. These color changes clearly show the activation pattern of the heart muscle underneath the grid of recording electrodes. Since all the data are displayed during the animation, regions where smaller activation complexes occur can be quickly identified. The speed of the animation allows the observer to view the spreading activation front (and thus its morphology) without the need to resort to videotape. The software is versatile enough to allow the user to study any portion of a heart beat, or multiple heart beats, during the animation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Role of Sodium and Sulfur in the Accelerated Oxidation Phenomena–Sulfidation (1970)

The oxidation kinetics at 900 C (1652 F) of a sulfur impregnated, a Ni-Ni3S2 eutectic coated, and a NaNO3 coated nickel base alloy were studied. It was determined that Na2O/substrate interactions are more influential than sulfur/substrate interactions on the accelerated oxidation phenomena, sulfidation.
Experimental and Numerical Study of 3-D Printed Direct Jet Impingement Cooling for High-Power, Large Die Size Applications (2020)

In this article, we design, demonstrate, and characterize a 3-D printed package-level polymer jet impingement cooling solution on a 23×23 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> thermal test chip. The experimental hardware results for a nozzle pitch of 2 mm show that, with 1-kW power dissipation, at a coolant (deionized (DI) water) flow rate of 3 liters per minute (LPM), the measured average chip temperature increase is ~65 °C with a cooler pressure drop of 0.15 bar between the inlet and outlet connections. It is also shown that bare die cooling without lid [and thermal interface material (TIM)] shows better cooling performance than the lidded package. Second, an advanced 3-D printed manifold with an additional flow redistribution structure is demonstrated. The experimental results show that the improved design achieves a better chip temperature uniformity compared to the reference design, showing a reduction of the chip temperature gradient with a factor of 4 and 2.3 for a flow rate of 0.5 and 3 LPM, respectively, while no significant impact on the cooler pressure drop was measured. The numerical modeling studies predict an additional 15.4% thermal performance improvement, by reducing the nozzle pitch from 2 to 1 mm, for a flow rate of 3 LPM.
Electron trajectory tracking algorithms for analysing voltage contrast signals in the scanning electron microscope (1988)

Presents three tracking algorithms for computing the trajectory of secondary electrons in the specimen chamber of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The potential distribution has been calculated previously with a separate finite-element method. The first algorithm uses a constant time step and the second algorithm uses a step size that spans the entire mesh. Both these algorithms assumed a constant electric field between adjacent points of travel of the electron. This assumption introduces inaccuracies especially at low electron energies and in regions where the electric field changes quickly over a small distance. The third algorithm assumes that the electric field varies linearly within a mesh. Simulation results show that this algorithm is reasonably accurate even for electrons with low energies. The advantages of the finite-element method over the finite-difference method for this application are highlighted.
A die-scale micromachining process for bulk PZT and its application to in-plane actuators (2005)

Bulk ceramics (including PZT) are important materials for electronic and microsystem packaging or device applications, but they are usually difficult to pattern lithographically. A fabrication process combining lithography, electroplating, batch mode micro electro-discharge machining (/spl mu/EDM) and batch mode micro ultrasonic machining (/spl mu/USM), LEEDUS, has been developed to provide die-scale pattern transfer capability from lithographic masks onto ceramics, glass or other brittle materials. A related process (SEDUS) uses serial /spl mu/EDM and omits lithography. Feature sizes of 25 /spl mu/m have been micromachined on the glass-mica (Macor/spl trade/) ceramic plate with a 4.5/spl times/4.5 mm/sup 2/ die size, 34 /spl mu/m cutting depth, and 18 /spl mu/m/min machining rate. As a demonstration an octagonal spiral shaped in-plane actuator was fabricated from bulk PZT using this process. A device of 20 /spl mu/m thickness and 450 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 420 /spl mu/m footprint produces a displacement of /spl sim/2 /spl mu/m at 40 V.
A formal kernel memory-ordering model (Part 1 and 2) (2017)

Article published in the online magazine "Linux Weekly News" (LWN), available on the web at \url{https://lwn.net/Articles/718628} and \url{https://lwn.net/Articles/720550}
miRNA Therapy Targeting Cancer Stem cells: a New Paradigm for Cancer Treatment and Prevention of Tumor Recurrence (2015)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors that retain the properties of self-renewal and tumorigenicity in vivo. Although CSCs have been reported in multiple cancers, the regulation of CSCs has not been described at the molecular level. miRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of their target genes via RNA interference and are involved in almost all cellular processes. Since aberrant miRNA expression occurs in CSCs, such dysregulated miRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding miRNAs that regulate CSC properties and discuss an in vivo delivery system for synthetic miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors for the development of innovative miRNA therapy against CSCs.
Pig endogenous retrovirus – a threat to clinical xenotransplantation? (2000)

Transplantation shows good results for patients with end-stage disease, but there is an increasing lack of organs. Xenotransplantation, the transfer of live animal cells, tissues, or organs to another species, offers a potential solution to this shortfall. Pig is regarded as the animal of choice for this purpose. Meanwhile demonstration of pig endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in all porcine herds has caused serious concern with respect to a possible transmission of the virus to humans with a transplanted organ. Transmission to human cells has been documented under certain in vitro conditions. However, no such transmission has been demonstrated in vivo. The possible consequences of introducing PERV into immunocompromised human organisms are not known and it is necessary to collect more information. Novel and sensitive genomic assays to detect PERV infection are now available in addition to established virological, immunoserological and molecular methods. In order to minimise the risk of PERV transmission rigorous procedures should be established. International guidelines to reduce the risk should be followed. Although a number of immunological, physiological and virological questions need to be answered before the introduction of xenotransplantation as an alternative clinical treatment, some problems can only be solved by judicious clinical trials.
Polygravity (2017)

Network usage accountability is critical in helping operators and customers of multi-tenant data centers deal with concerns such as capacity planning, resource allocation, hotspot detection, link failure detection, and troubleshooting. However, the cost of measurements and instrumentation to achieve flow-level accountability is non-trivial. We propose Polygravity to determine tenant traffic usage via lightweight measurements in multi-tenant data centers. We adopt a tomogravity model widely used in ISP networks, and adapt it to a multi-tenant data center environment. By integrating datacenter-specific domain knowledge, sampling-based partial estimation and gravity-based internal sinks/sources estimation, Polygravity addresses two key challenges for adapting tomogravity to a data center environment: sparse traffic matrices and internal traffic sinks/sources. We conducted extensive evaluation of our approach using realistic data center workloads. Our results show that Polygravity can determine tenant IP flow usage with less than 1% average relative error for tenants with fine-grained domain knowledge. In addition, for tenants with coarse-grained domain knowledge and with partial host-based sampling, Polygravity reduces the relative error of sampling-based estimation by 1/3.
Ocular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in animal models with retinal inflammation via neuronal invasion following intranasal inoculation (2022)

Although ocular manifestations are reported in patients with COVID-19, consensus on ocular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 is lacking. Here, we infect K18-hACE2 transgenic mice with SARS-CoV-2 using various routes. We observe ocular manifestation and retinal inflammation with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the eyes of intranasally (IN)-infected mice. Intratracheal (IT) infection results in dissemination of the virus from the lungs to the brain and eyes via trigeminal and optic nerves. Ocular and neuronal invasions are confirmed using intracerebral (IC) infection. Notably, the eye-dropped (ED) virus does not cause lung infection and becomes undetectable with time. Ocular and neurotropic distribution of the virus in vivo is evident in fluorescence imaging with an infectious clone of SARS-CoV-2-mCherry. The ocular tropic and neuroinvasive characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 are confirmed in wild-type Syrian hamsters. Our data can improve the understanding regarding viral transmission and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and help in improving COVID-19 control procedures.
Polyanxanthone, a Xanthone from the Stem Bark of Garcinia Polyantha (2006)

A new xanthone polyanxanthone, together with five known xanthones, a pentacyclic triterpene and a benzophenone were isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia polyantha.
Ethyl Ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate (2008)

(R = Et)5 [94-05-3] C8H11NO3 (MW 169.20) InChI = 1S/C8H11NO3/c1-3-11-6-7(5-9)8(10)12-4-2/h6H,3-4H2,1-2H3 InChIKey = KTMGNAIGXYODKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E) [42466-67-1] InChI = 1S/C8H11NO3/c1-3-11-6-7(5-9)8(10)12-4-2/h6H,3-4H2,1-2H3/b7-6+ InChIKey = KTMGNAIGXYODKQ-VOTSOKGWSA-N (Z) [42466-69-3] InChI = 1S/C8H11NO3/c1-3-11-6-7(5-9)8(10)12-4-2/h6H,3-4H2,1-2H3/b7-6- InChIKey = KTMGNAIGXYODKQ-SREVYHEPSA-N (R = Me)4, 5 [13974-74-8] C6H7NO3 (MW 141.14) InChI = 1S/C6H7NO3/c1-9-4-5(3-7)6(8)10-2/h4H,1-2H3 InChIKey = AGNUFSNBWSLFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E) [55883-89-1] InChI = 1S/C6H7NO3/c1-9-4-5(3-7)6(8)10-2/h4H,1-2H3/b5-4+ InChIKey = AGNUFSNBWSLFIN-SNAWJCMRSA-N (Z) [71363-40-1] InChI = 1S/C6H7NO3/c1-9-4-5(3-7)6(8)10-2/h4H,1-2H3/b5-4- InChIKey = AGNUFSNBWSLFIN-PLNGDYQASA-N (push–pull alkene;1 N-heterocycle synthesis; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition;2 1,4-addition–elimination (AdN-E)3) Physical Data: R = Et, mp 51–53 °C; bp 190–191 °C/30 mmHg; subl. 25 °C/0.02 mmHg. R = Me, mp 88 °C; bp 185 °C/25 mmHg. Solubility: slightly sol water; sol ethanol, diethyl ether. Form Supplied in: white solid; widely available. Preparative Methods: can be prepared from Triethyl Orthoformate, Ethyl Cyanoacetate, and Acetic Anhydride in the presence of Zinc Chloride (catalyst).4 Purification: recrystallization from ethanol and sublimation. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: use in a fume hood.
Non-invasive tissue temperature measurements based on quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) of water (2010)

We describe the development of a non-invasive method for quantitative tissue temperature measurements using Broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). Our approach is based on well-characterized opposing shifts in near-infrared (NIR) water absorption spectra that appear with temperature and macromolecular binding state. Unlike conventional reflectance methods, DOS is used to generate scattering-corrected tissue water absorption spectra. This allows us to separate the macromolecular bound water contribution from the thermally induced spectral shift using the temperature isosbestic point at 996 nm. The method was validated in intralipid tissue phantoms by correlating DOS with thermistor measurements (R=0.96) with a difference of 1.1+/-0.91 degrees C over a range of 28-48 degrees C. Once validated, thermal and hemodynamic (i.e. oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration) changes were measured simultaneously and continuously in human subjects (forearm) during mild cold stress. DOS-measured arm temperatures were consistent with previously reported invasive deep tissue temperature studies. These results suggest that DOS can be used for non-invasive, co-registered measurements of absolute temperature and hemoglobin parameters in thick tissues, a potentially important approach for optimizing thermal diagnostics and therapeutics.
An Analytical Framework for Heterogeneous Partial Feedback Design in Heterogeneous Multicell OFDMA Networks (2012)

The inherent heterogeneous structure resulting from user densities and large scale channel effects motivates heterogeneous partial feedback design in heterogeneous networks. In such emerging networks, a distributed scheduling policy which enjoys multiuser diversity as well as maintains fairness among users is favored for individual user rate enhancement and guarantees. For a system employing the cumulative distribution function based scheduling, which satisfies the two above mentioned desired features, we develop an analytical framework to investigate heterogeneous partial feedback in a general OFDMA-based heterogeneous multicell employing the best- M partial feedback strategy. Exact sum rate analysis is first carried out and closed form expressions are obtained by a novel decomposition of the probability density function of the selected user's signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. To draw further insight, we perform asymptotic analysis using extreme value theory to examine the effect of partial feedback on the randomness of multiuser diversity, show the asymptotic optimality of best-1 feedback, and derive an asymptotic approximation for the sum rate in order to determine the minimum required partial feedback.
Planning and optimization of Cellular Networks Using Load-based Voronoi Algorithm (2018)

We study the optimal location of Access Points (AP) in cellular networks with irregular service demand distribution, using a power Voronoi algorithm. To this end, we propose two weights updating approaches to acquire uniform load pattern with uniform power allocation at all APs. In Channel-based Power Voronoi Algorithm (CPVA), we update the Voronoi weights based on the approximated loads imposed to APs assuming that the cell load is only a function of traffic and the channel coefficients between the AP and the associated users. In Load-based Power Voronoi Algorithm(LPVA), the weights are updated by load calculation through a convex optimization problem in cell load coupling model. It is worth noting that in both methods, approximately uniform load patterns are derived with uniform power allocation at APs, which guarantees the quality of service and energy efficiency in the network. We also remark that LPVA outperforms CPVA at the cost of higher computational cost. Finally, the results of both method are compared to prior art to show the advantages of applying CPVA and LPVA in cellular network planning.