gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ultimate Source of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Thinking Outside the Marrow (2003)

The ability to reconstitute cellular components of the hematopoietic system has immense utility in several areas of clinical medicine. These include replacement of cells responsible for innate and acquired immunity, providing red cells for oxygen transport, and ultimately the ability to recover hematopoietic function by repopulating all lineages comprising the entire blood system. This latter property functionally defines the mammalian hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). Recently, human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been suggested to be a viable source of transplantable hematopoietic cells. Although the number of human ESCs is virtually unlimited, the ability to efficiently differentiate adequate numbers of cells that possess hematopoietic repopulating ability remains to be determined. Achieving this goal is confounded by the difficulty of experimentally generating murine hematopoietic cell types capable of in vivo reconstitution from mouse ESC, suggesting that similar limitations may arise using human counterparts. Although the use of human ESCs and adult somatic HSCs have their independent merits, a direct comparison between HSCs derived from each source using similar assays will ultimately be required to determine the best source for clinical use. Here we will summarize the results from efforts to differentiate and assay primitive hematopoietic cells derived from ESCs, and compare these findings to similar parameters using putative mammalian HSCs harvested from the adult.
Electroconvulsive seizure promotes spine maturation in newborn dentate granule cells in adult rat (2011)

Neurogenesis continues in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus throughout life in mammals. This process is influenced by daily activities such as exercise, learning, and stress and may contribute to certain forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is also subject to regulation by antidepressant treatment, including chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) therapy. Here we investigated how the connectivity of newborn and mature granule cells is influenced by ECS administration in rats. Specifically, we examined the dendritic spine morphology of newborn and mature granule cells in rats and found that ECS administration promoted the maturation of dendritic spines in newborn cells and increased spine density in mature cells. These changes could potentially lead to alteration in dentate circuitry and may partially contribute to the functional effects of ECS.
In Vivo Real-Time Multiphoton Imaging of T Lymphocytes in the Mouse Brain After Experimental Stroke (2011)

The different motilities and behaviors of T cells observed using our imaging approach after stroke could reveal important mechanisms of immune surveillance for future therapeutic exploitations.
HIV-infected humans, but not chimpanzees, have circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes that lyse uninfected CD4+ cells. (1990)

It has been suggested that autoimmune phenomena contribute to the depletion of CD4+ T cells and the development of AIDS in HIV-1 infected humans based, in part, on observations that some HIV-1-infected humans have autoantibodies reactive with Ag expressed on uninfected CD4+ cells. In this study, 11 of 14 asymptomatic HIV-1-infected homosexuals and hemophiliacs, but none of 17 uninfected homosexuals or heterosexuals, were found to have cytotoxic lymphocytes in blood that can lyse uninfected CD4+ T cells from humans and chimpanzees but not human B lymphoblastoid cells or mouse T cells. The cytotoxic PBL were concluded to be CTL rather than NK cells, with the phenotype being CD3+, TCR-1 alpha beta+, CD8+, CD4-, CD16- based on findings that PBL-mediated lysis of uninfected CD4+ cells was 1) blocked by a mAb to CD3, which inhibits CTL but not NK activity; 2) diminished by treatment of PBL with a mAb to CD8 and C, but not by treatment with mAb to CD4 or CD16 and C; and 3) blocked by mAb WT31 directed against the TCR-1 alpha beta. In contrast, PBL from HIV-1-infected chimpanzees, which to date have not developed AIDS, lacked detectable CTL lytic for uninfected CD4+ cells.
Computing and information storage solutions (2010)

The mobile devices of the future are expected to be able to communicate with each other wirelessly at ever increasing data rates, and to be able to run a vast number of applications, with a great need for more computational speed and power. Indeed, it is fore seeable that approaching data rates of gigabits per second can alone be a challenge: large bandwidths in the gigahertz range and increased complexity in interference cancelation and error correction coding, combined with cognitive radio and multiple antenna techniques could lead to computing and power consumption needs that are extremely challenging with current conventional methods or any of their expected evolutions. To combat this, there has been a resurgence of interest in application-specific processing, instead of general all-purpose processors. One suggestion for possible future mobile phone architecture is based on the so-called network-on-terminal architecture (NoTA) [74], pictured in Figure 4.1, where different subsystems can be connected via standardized interconnects. Each subsystem consists of computing and memory elements, targeted at specific applications. This will allow more freedom in the design of the subsystem processors, and therefore ease the introduction of novel computing technologies into mobile phones, perhaps some of which could be based on new nanotechnology-enabled computing elements.
Aerodynamic Fluid Bearings for Translational and Rotating Capacitors in Noncontact Capacitive Power Transfer Systems (2013)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is commonly accomplished with magnetic (inductive) techniques for a wide range of applications. Electrostatic or capacitive power transfer (CPT) approaches to WPT have had limited exposure primarily due to lower achievable power density when compared to inductive WPT techniques. Recently, high-frequency (in kilohertz to megahertz) power electronics have reintroduced capacitive techniques as an option for WPT over short distances ( <; 2 mm) for applications such as slip ring replacement. To further the practicality of CPT, capacitive coupling must be maximized in an effective manner, i.e., the volumetric capacitance density of rotating/translational capacitors must be significantly increased. This paper proposes the use of aerodynamic fluid bearings to maximize capacitive coupling between stationary and moving surfaces, by minimizing their separation distance, allowing for greater surface area per unit volume. The technique allows micrometers of separation distance between moving surfaces while maintaining manufacturability and mechanical robustness. Coupling capacitance is increased up to 100 times greater than rigid plate rotating and translational CPT systems. Additional benefits include the estimation of mechanical system parameters such as speed. Operational characteristics and design highlights are presented and corroborated with experimental results for general slip ring replacement applications.
Recent advances in cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists (2000)

This review is an overview of the recent advances in cannabinoid chemistry with a special emphasis on the patent literature. The term cannabinoid includes analogues of the natural components of cannabis, endocannabinoids and a wide array of chemical structures such as 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, indoles, quinolines and arylsulphonamide derivatives capable of acting as cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists. These receptors, discovered in the early nineties, seem to be involved in different biochemical processes and thus represent interesting therapeutic targets for drug research.
Amplification Technology for Multi-Core Fiber Transmission (2014)

Amplification technologies are categorized for a multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier (MC-EDFA) including a pump scheme and an active fiber. MC-EDFAs are described that employ discretely pumped single-cladding MC-EDF and cladding-pumped double-cladding MC-EDF.
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Device for Terahertz Wave (2007)

We have fabricated a simple-cubic-lattice photonic crystal (PhC) device based on high-resistivity silicon in the terahertz (THz) range by micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) techniques. The lattice constant of the three-dimensional (3D) PhC device is 120 µm, resulting in a photonic band gap (PBG) centered at 1 THz. The 3D PhC device was constructed by stacking ten 120-µm-thick chips with periodic pillars and holes patterned respectively on both of their sides by Si deep reactive ion etching. By THz time-domain spectroscopy, the PBG of the device was observed between 0.83 and 1.17 THz in the Γ–Z direction with a transmittance attenuation of about 35 dB, which is in good agreement with a numerical calculation result.
Performance Study of a Four-Bed Silica Gel-Water Adsorption Chiller with the Passive Heat Recovery Scheme (2015)

Adsorption chiller technology is one of the effective means to convert waste thermal energy into effective cooling, which substantially improves energy efficiency and lowers environmental pollution. This paper uses an improved lump-parameter design model to theoretically and experimentally evaluate the efficacy of the passive heat recovery scheme as applied to a four-bed adsorption chiller. Results show that the model can accurately track the experimental temporal system outlet temperatures. The performance predictions from this model compare favourably with experimental results. At rated temperature conditions and over a wide range of cycle times, both the cooling capacity and COP can be predicted to within 12.5%. The analyses indicate that the model can be used confidently as a design tool for a four-bed adsorption chiller and the passive heat recovery scheme can effectively improve the system performance.
Supplementary Data from Durable Complete Responses in Heavily Pretreated Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Using T-Cell Transfer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S2; Supplementary Tables S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;
Tandem Catalytic Asymmetric Ring-Opening Metathesis/Cross Metathesis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTandem Catalytic Asymmetric Ring-Opening Metathesis/Cross MetathesisDaniel S. La, J. Gair Ford, Elizabeth S. Sattely, Peter J. Bonitatebus, Richard R. Schrock, and Amir H. HoveydaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 49, 11603–11604Publication Date (Web):November 30, 1999Publication History Received3 September 1999Published online30 November 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9931832Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1146Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (163 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Metathesis,Styrenes,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate Activation of the MDR1 promoter Is Mediated by EGR1 (1995)

P-glycoprotein, the product of the MDR1 gene (multidrug resistance gene 1), is an energy-dependent efflux pump associated with treatment failure in some hematopoietic malignancies. Its expression is regulated during normal hematopoietic differentiation, although its function in normal hematopoietic cells is unknown. To identify cellular factors that regulate the expression of MDR1 in hematopoietic cells, we characterized the cis- and trans-acting factors mediating 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) activation of the MDR1 promoter in K562 cells. Transient-transfection assays demonstrated that an MDR1 promoter construct containing nucleotides -69 to +20 conferred a TPA response equal to that of a construct containing nucleotides -434 to +105. TPA induced EGR1 binding to the -69/+20 promoter sequences over a time course which correlated with increased MDR1 promoter activity and increased steady-state MDR1 RNA levels. The -69/+20 promoter region contains an overlapping SP1/EGR site. The TPA-responsive element was localized to the overlapping SP1/EGR site by using a synthetic reporter construct. A mutation in this site that inhibited EGR protein binding blocked the -69/+20 MDR1 promoter response to TPA. The expression of a dominant negative EGR protein also blocked the TPA response of the -69/+20 promoter construct. Finally, the expression of EGR1 was sufficient to activate a construct containing tandem MDR1 promoter SP1/EGR sites. These data suggest a role for EGR1 in modulating MDR1 promoter activity in hematopoietic cells.
Why Do C1-Symmetric ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts Produce Lower Molecular Weight Polymers for Ethylene/Propylene Copolymerization than for Ethylene/Propylene Homopolymerization? (2008)

We have carried out a combined QM/MM study to rationalize the factors that can affect the performance of C1-symmetric ansa-zirconocene catalysts that contain bridged cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and fluorenyl (Flu) ligands in olefin homo- and copolymerization. Two growing chains with different β-C (tertiary or secondary) and two olefins (propene and ethylene) have been used for this purpose. Our calculations indicate that chain transfer has a higher barrier than chain propagation in EE (ethylene homopolymerization), PP (propylene homopolymerization), and PE (propylene complexation to a metal with a propyl chain) systems. However, the two processes are competitive in EP (ethylene complexation to a metal with a 2-methylpropyl chain) system. Substituents on the carbon in a C−H link weaken the C−H bond. This in turn determines the order EP < EE < PP < PE for the heat of reaction of the β-hydrogen transfer process, giving rise to the chain termination, where the process with the most negative reaction heat is the more thermodynamically favorable. It is further argued that the barriers for the termination process must follow the same order of EP < EE < PP < PE. For the insertion process the barrier increases with the number of substituents on the olefin and the Cβ atom of the growing chain as PP > PE ∼ EP > EE. The different propensity of the four systems for termination and propagation results in the higher barrier of termination for EE, PP, and PE, whereas the barriers are similar for EP. Our analysis explains why ethylene/propylene homopolymerization affords high molecular weight polymers, whereas ethylene/propylene copolymerization affords low molecular weight polymers.
Emerging technologies: general discussion (2021)

George Dowson opened a general discussion of the paper by Alexander J. Cowan: You cite in the presentation how low the gas diffusion rates through ionic liquids can be, where it can take days or weeks for gases to permeate through a bulk ionic liquid. Since this may be a function of the viscosi
Spin-Site Exchange System Constructed from Endohedral Metallofullerenes and Organic Donors (2006)

Complexation behavior of the paramagnetic La@C82 metallofullerene with organic donor molecules (D) in solution is investigated. It is revealed that La@C82 and D form a 1:1 complex as a result of electron transfer. La@C82 and D are in equilibrium with [La@C82]-/[D]*+ in solution, which is readily controllable by changing the temperature and solvent.
CTen: a web-based platform for identifying enriched cell types from heterogeneous microarray data (2012)

In this work, we use an independent, cell-specific gene expression data set to assess CTen's performance in accurately identifying the appropriate cell type and provide insight into the suggested level of enrichment to optimally minimize the number of false discoveries. We show that CTen, when applied to microarray data developed from infected lung tissue, can correctly identify the cell signatures of key lymphocytes in a highly heterogeneous environment and compare its performance to another popular bioinformatics tool. Furthermore, we discuss the strong implications cell type enrichment has in the design of effective microarray workflow strategies and show that, by combining CTen with gene expression clustering, we may be able to determine the relative changes in the number of key cell types.CTen is available at http://www.influenza-x.org/~jshoemaker/cten/
Humoral response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in breastfeeding mothers and mother-to-infant antibody transfer through breast milk (2022)

The magnitude of mother-to-infant transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through breast milk (BM) after maternal vaccination during breastfeeding, in the absence of transplacental transfer of IgG, remains unclear. Here, we quantified anti-S and anti-RBD IgG, IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 in maternal serum, maternal saliva, BM, infant buccal swabs, and infant feces up to 90 days after the second maternal vaccine dose. BNT162b2 vaccine induced long-lasting IgG in maternal serum, but weaker mucosal antibody production, with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA amounts in BM between 10- and 150-fold lower compared to serum. BM IgA were exclusively of the IgA1 isotype, with no production of the mucosal-specific and protease-resistant IgA2. Accordingly, only traces of antibodies were retrieved from the feces of breastfed infants, and no IgG nor IgA were retrieved from infants' buccal swabs. Newly engineered anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may be needed to stimulate the antibody production at mucosal sites such as breast milk.
Crystal structures, dynamics and functional implications of molybdenum-cofactor biosynthesis protein MogA from two thermophilic organisms (2010)

Molybdenum-cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in almost all kingdoms of life, including humans. Two proteins, MogA and MoeA, catalyze the last step of this pathway in bacteria, whereas a single two-domain protein carries out catalysis in eukaryotes. Here, three crystal structures of the Moco-biosynthesis protein MogA from the two thermophilic organisms Thermus thermophilus (TtMogA; 1.64 Å resolution, space group P2(1)) and Aquifex aeolicus (AaMogA; 1.70 Å resolution, space group P2(1) and 1.90 Å resolution, space group P1) have been determined. The functional roles and the residues involved in oligomerization of the protein molecules have been identified based on a comparative analysis of these structures with those of homologous proteins. Furthermore, functional roles have been proposed for the N- and C-terminal residues. In addition, a possible protein-protein complex of MogA and MoeA has been proposed and the residues involved in protein-protein interactions are discussed. Several invariant water molecules and those present at the subunit interfaces have been identified and their possible structural and/or functional roles are described in brief. In addition, molecular-dynamics and docking studies with several small molecules (including the substrate and the product) have been carried out in order to estimate their binding affinities towards AaMogA and TtMogA. The results obtained are further compared with those obtained for homologous eukaryotic proteins.
Abstract 17299: AF Drivers Where Ablation Terminates Persistent AF Fluctuate Due to Competing Drivers but Remain Anchored in Specific Locations (2018)

Introduction: Mechanisms for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. We reasoned that AF drivers may fluctuate due to competing drivers in stereotypical spatial locations. This may explain why studies focused on small regions may show disordered waves while global mapping shows organized drivers. Hypothesis: That closely-spaced AF drivers may fluctuate more than drivers that are widely separated by mapping AF globally for prolonged durations using 2 independent mapping methods. Methods: In 55 patients with non-paroxysmal AF (24% female; 62.2±9.7 years), ablation at drivers identified by 64 pole baskets (Abbott, CA) terminated AF before pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. We mapped 360±45 AF cycles using (1) an open source phase method and (2) commercial tools, and quantified both fluctuations and locations of mapped drivers. Results: Patients had 4.2 ± 2.0 potential drivers by non-proprietary mapping (fig A), located per fig B. AF termination sites showed rotational/focal patterns (51/55 vs 55/55 patients; p=0.13 methods 1 vs 2) that fluctuated over time. In space, each AF driver was most prevalent in the left atrium, with clustering near left PVs (p&lt;0.05). Separation between drivers varied non-significantly with fluctuations. Drivers trended to be more stable in LA than RA (χ 2 = 2.11, p=0.12). Conclusions: Potential AF drivers where ablation terminates persistent AF are spatially stable but fluctuate over time. Fluctuations reflected competing sources, trended to be more prevalent in left atrium but were not clearly related to inter-site distance. Studies should examine the functional determinants of AF driver fluctuations.
Photoinduced hole transfer forming polymer quantum dot nanocomposites (2009)

The study of hole transfer from CdSe QD core to ligands under visible light irradiation and conductive polymer-QD composites formation without conventional photoinitiator.
A non-expert view on Turing machines, Proof Verifiers, and Mental\n reasoning (2010)

The paper explores known results related to the problem of identifying if a\ngiven program terminates on all inputs -- this is a simple generalization of\nthe halting problem. We will see how this problem is related and the notion of\nproof verifiers. We also see how verifying if a program is terminating involves\nreasoning through a tower of axiomatic theories -- such a tower of theories is\nknown as Turing progressions and was first studied by Alan Turing in the\n1930's. We will see that this process has a natural connection to ordinal\nnumbers. The paper is presented from the perspective of a non-expert in the\nfield of logic and proof theory.\n
Genetic Testing-- Present and Future (2000)

Detecting disease carrying mutations in families with a history of a particular hereditary genetic disease offers those individuals who test positive the opportunity to take prophylactic measures. In a TechView, Yan, Kinzler and Vogelstein discuss the various methods for detecting disease mutations and their strengths and weaknesses.
A dynamic single actuator vertical climbing robot (2007)

A climbing robot mechanism is introduced, which uses dynamic movements to climb between two parallel vertical walls. This robot relies on its own internal dynamic motions to gain height, unlike previous mechanisms which are quasi- static. One benefit of dynamics is that it allows climbing with only a single actuated degree of freedom. We show with analysis, simulations and experiments that this dynamic robot is capable of climbing vertically between parallel walls. We introduce simplifications that enable us to obtain closed form approximations of the robot motion. Furthermore, this provides us with some design considerations and insights into the mechanism's ability to climb.