gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial Development of a High-frequency EMI Sensor for Detection of Subsurface Intermediate Electrically Conductive (IEC) Targets (2017)

ABSTRACT The U.S. military has developed and currently uses composite material munitions. These composite munitions are typically comprised of carbon fiber and, because of their low electrical conductivity, have a much lower electromagnetic induction signature, which makes them difficult to detect using traditional metal detecting methods. The term intermediate electrically conductive (IEC) is used to describe these lower conductivity materials, with conductivity, σ, typically in the range 10 &amp;lt; σ &amp;lt; 105 S/m. The electromagnetic induction (EMI) relaxation response of carbon fiber munitions peaks in the low megaHertz range (&amp;lt;15 MHz), but above 100 kHz. Thus, detecting and characterizing these munitions for remediation on military ranges is problematic using available geophysical EMI sensors. This paper describes initial efforts in the development of a prototype frequency-domain EMI sensor with the goal of extending the measurement frequency range to 15 MHz.
Development of Advanced Material Systems for Future Gas Turbine Applications (2015)

Advanced coating systems in conjunction with novel internal airfoil cooling configurations continue to be a critical research focus to provide enhanced oxidation protection and cooling of commercial metal alloys as future land-based gas turbines are being designed for inlet gas temperature operations of &gt;1300–1400°C. With the application of densified oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) coatings on cast near surface embedded micro-channel (NSEMC) airfoil surfaces, improvements of &gt;50–70% in heat removal capabilities are projected over that of conventional, smooth-channeled, internally-cooled, airfoil configurations. For turbine inlet and airfoil surface design temperatures exceeding 1400–1600°C, oxide-coated, silicon carbide-based ceramic matric composites (CMCs) have been developed. In this paper we will review our recent advancements that have been made with respect to ODS coating development and the oxidation stability of CMCs during bench-scale laboratory testing.
Endoscopic Management of a Gastrocolonic Fistula: A Rare Esophageal Stent Adverse Event (2015)

FigureIntroduction: A 55 year old man presented for second opinion for management of his esophageal cancer. His initial presentation was a year earlier with severe dysphagia and he was found to have esophageal adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis. He was treated with chemotherapy and underwent esophageal stent placement. He was admitted a month later with sepsis and stent migration. His stent was removed and he was eventually discharged home but started having diarrhea and became severely malnourished. He was treated with total parentral nutritional and underwent a surgical J-tube placement. He however continued to have severe diarrhea with no clear etiology so hospice was recommended. He presented to our center for a second opinion. An EGD was performed showing a gastrocolonic fistula. Given his advanced cancers and severe malnutrition, he was not a surgical candidate and was dependent on total parentral nutrition (TPN). He was offered endsoocpic repair. Methods: Repair was performed with Argon plasma coagulation ablation of the mucosa in the fistula track and multilayer closure. Closure consisted of endoscopic suturing consisting of a layer of running sutures and a second layer of interrupted suture to decrease the tension from the first layer. The colonic side was then closed with an over the scope clip placed from the colonic end. A repeat endoscopy in one week showed a small residual fistula which was again sutured and reinforced with an over the scope clip. Results: The fistula resolved. The patient gained 20 Kg in 3 months and TPN was discontinued. His diarrhea resolved. His repeat imaging and upper endoscopy 4 months later were consistent with continued closure of the fistula. He was able to resume systemic therapy for his stage 4 cancer. He initially responded to treatment. 7 months later his disease progressed including an increase in the esophageal mass and gastric wall infiltration with tumor. He became debilitated and his fistula recurred. Plans were made to attempt repair again however the patient developed urosepsis and became more debilitated and was referred to hospice. Conclusion: Gastrocolonic fistula is a rare adverse event of esophageal stenting. Endoscopic repair allowed healing of the fistula with subsequent 20 Kg weight gain, discontinuation of intravenous nutrition support and resumption of systemic chemotherapy. This minimally invasive procedure improved the patient nutritional status and quality of life until he succumbed to his disease.
Highly Regioselective N-2 Arylation of 4,5-Dibromo-1,2,3-triazole: Efficient Synthesis of 2-Aryltriazoles (2009)

Reaction of 4,5-dibromo-1,2,3-triazole with electron-deficient aromatic halides in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF produces the corresponding 2-aryl-4,5-dibromotriazoles with high regioselectivity. Subsequent debromination of these triazoles by hydrogenation furnishes 2-aryltriazoles in excellent yields. Overall, this two-step process provides an efficient access to 2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles.
Inside Cover: Branched Diol Monomers from the Sequential Hydrogenation of Renewable Carboxylic Acids (ChemCatChem 19/2016) (2016)

The Cover shows the sequential hydrogenation of five-carbon acids using Pd and Ru heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous media. In their Communication, C. S. Spanjers et al. demonstrated an efficient process for the synthesis of lactones, diols, and triols from five- and six-carbon acids. The transformation consists of two sequential high-pressure hydrogenations: reduction of the acid to a lactone at high temperature and further reduction of the lactone to the corresponding diol or triol at low temperature. These products are valuable monomers for the synthesis of bioderived branched polyesters. More information can be found in the Communication by C. S. Spanjers et al. on page 3031 in Issue 19, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600710).
Size of dislocation patterns induced by Vickers indentation in hydride vapor-phase epitaxy GaN (2022)

3D dislocation structures induced by Vickers indentation depending on the imprint size are precisely investigated using an alternation of cathodoluminescence and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), multiphoton excitation photoluminescence, and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy under a load range within a constant Vickers hardness. The dislocation structures are composed of a rosette pattern, a flower pattern, and a triangular area. The flower pattern distribution is dispersive along the z direction. The determined penetration depth of the dislocations by practical CMP is almost the same as the length of the imprint diagonal (d1). The dimensions of the individual patterns in the dislocation structure can be described as multiples of d1. That is, the geometric similarity between the imprint size and the dimensions of the dislocation structure is confirmed. This suggests that the dimensions of the dislocation structures induced under scratch can be estimated by measuring the width of the scratch. This shows that a simple method may be developed to determine the maximum thickness of the affected layer over the entire wafer area and the ability to develop low-cost GaN wafers free of affected layers.
The Oxidation of Metal Alloy Foils in the Presence of Water Vapor (2004)

Water vapor can be detrimental to the elevated temperature oxidation resistance of alloys that rely on the formation of a protective chromium oxide layer. The resulting degradation can be significant, particularly when such alloys are in the form of light gauge sheet and strip. Long-term test results will be presented for commercially available wrought austenitic stainless steels and nickel-base superalloys exposed at 1300°F and 1400°F in environments containing various levels of water vapor.
Shear Wave Induced Phase Encoding Imaging with Enhanced Resolution (2011)

Conventional ultrasound backscatter imaging (B-scan) relies on geometric focusing of ultrasound echoes across an aperture. We have previously presented a new method, Shear Wave Induced Phase Encoding (SWIPE) imaging, in which lateral resolution of the target is obtained by using traveling shear waves to encode the lateral position of the scatters in the phase of the received echo. Here we extend the imaging model and demonstrate enhanced image resolution using ultrasound phase modulation harmonics generated by linear propagation of both shear and ultrasound waves. Using a Fourier series description of the phase modulated echo signal, we demonstrate that phase modulated signals at multiples of the shear wave frequency reveal target k-space data at multiples of the shear wavenumber. Data were acquired using a single element transducer, driven by a spike-excitation pulser-receiver. Shear waves were induced in a phantom using an electromagnetic shaker over a range of 100-1000Hz. Echo signals were recorded with a digital oscilloscope and processed off-line. Diffuse and wire targets were embedded in 5kPa shear modulus gelatin phantom. Images of embedded nylon wires were obtained at the fundamental and 2nd harmonic of the shear wave frequency. The expected doubling of resolution was observed. Phase distortion due to the frequency dependence of the shear wave source was identified and compensated.
Displacement of particles in microfluidics by laser-generated tandem bubbles (2010)

The dynamic interaction between laser-generated tandem bubble and individual polystyrene particles of 2 and 10 μm in diameter is studied in a microfluidic channel (25 μm height) by high-speed imaging and particle image velocimetry. The asymmetric collapse of the tandem bubble produces a pair of microjets and associated long-lasting vortices that can propel a single particle to a maximum velocity of 1.4 m∕s in 30 μs after the bubble collapse with a resultant directional displacement up to 60 μm in 150 μs. This method may be useful for high-throughput cell sorting in microfluidic devices.
TAAR1 transforms thinking about a plant alkaloid that transformed the practice of medicine (2014)

In this issue of the Journal Sukhanov et al., report their experimental results in support of the hypothesis: trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) mediates apomorphine's effects in mice – in particular, climbing activity.

For many familiar with this alkaloid the conclusions reached by these authors come as a surprise. After all, apomorphine is one of the oldest and most studied drugs still used in human and veterinary medicine (Taba et al., 2013). Originally made by dehydrating morphine – itself an alkaloid produced by poppies of the somniferum species – in boiling sulfuric acid, a process first reported by Arppe in 1845, apomorphine was subsequently found to be native to two Nymphaea species of water lily: Nymphaea caerulea (the Egyptian blue lotus) and Nymphaea ampla . Interestingly, these same species of water lily are known to have been cultivated more than one thousand years ago on both sides of the Atlantic where they were consumed for their psychoactive effects during religious ceremonies (Bertol et al., 2004).

Apomorphine's potential as a medication was first explored in 19th century Northern Europe where large animal veterinarians found it efficacious at controlling stereotypies (Feser, 1873) in addition to its usefulness as a forceful emetic (Siebert, 1871). However, it was in Harnack's (1874) publication of his extensive pharmacologic study of apomorphine's effects in various animal species that he made the significant observation that the drug probably acts on multiple brain areas given its pronounced effects on motivated behaviour, sensory perception, the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular and respiratory tone (Harnack, 1874). Ten years later Weil (1884) was the first to suggest that apomorphine might provide relief to sufferers of Parkinson's disease and other disorders of movement control; findings confirmed and expanded by Schwab et al. (1951) and Cotzias et al. (1970) transforming the treatment of …
Supplementary Table S3 from Spliced Peptides and Cytokine-Driven Changes in the Immunopeptidome of Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 2 from EZH2 Modifies Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Kinome Reprogramming (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene list for Fig.5B, C, D&lt;/p&gt;
T-Cell Epitope Mapping in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using PepMixes Created by Micro-Scale SPOT™− Synthesis (2009)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major threat to human health worldwide. Although treatment of infection is an important part of tuberculosis control, an improved vaccine is essential for the elimination of this disease. Control of infection with Mtb is dependent on the cellular immune system, which in turn requires an understanding of those antigens that are capable of stimulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Peptide libraries provide a high-throughput system for identifying novel T-cell epitopes. They can also be used to assess the hierarchy of immunodominance of these novel antigens and epitopes that are associated with infection with Mtb. This T-cell-driven means of antigen discovery is well adapted to vaccine development as well as developing the tools necessary to understand the natural history of this important human pathogen.
Single-crystal silicon nanostructure fabrication by scanning probe lithography and anisotropic wet etching (2001)

Silicon nanostructures have been demonstrated by electric- field-enhanced localized oxidation on single crystal silicon wafer using a scanning probe microscope (SPM). In this study, we have demonstrated the use of scanning probe lithography (SPL) and orientation-dependent etching (ODE) can easily obtain nano-wire and nano-gap down to 24nm and 60nm on (110)-oriented silicon substrate. The scanning probe lithography (SPL) provides high resolution, which can be adjusted by tip bias, tip set force, scanning speed, and ambient humidity of environment, without damage in the substrate. The etching process employed the orientation- dependent etching (ODE), because of the etching rate of the (111)-plane is slower than any other crystallographic planes such that anisotropic etching profile can be obtained. The experimental samples were hydrogen-passivated by dipping in 10% aqueous HF solution to remove sample native oxide on the surface before SPM localized oxidation process. The SiO<SUB>x</SUB> nano-patterns on (110)-oriented silicon substrate were generated by SPM localized oxidation. Then, the etching process employed the ODE with a 34 wt.% aqueous KOH solution. The nano-wire feature size is easily down to 24nm and aspect ratio larger than 4:1. The optimization line/space nanostructure is about 20nm/80nm and the nano-gap is about 60nm. In this study, we also have demonstrated the influence of etching temperature on the feature size of nanostructures with same aspect ratio. At the same etching depth (100nm), the line-width decreases with increasing the etching temperature. The theoretic etching rate and experimental etching rate are proportional to temperature, the higher temperature the higher etching rate.
Regional Image Features Model for Automatic Classification between Normal and Glaucoma in Fundus and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO) Images (2016)

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. There is no cure for glaucoma but detection at its earliest stage and subsequent treatment can aid patients to prevent blindness. Currently, optic disc and retinal imaging facilitates glaucoma detection but this method requires manual post-imaging modifications that are time-consuming and subjective to image assessment by human observers. Therefore, it is necessary to automate this process. In this work, we have first proposed a novel computer aided approach for automatic glaucoma detection based on Regional Image Features Model (RIFM) which can automatically perform classification between normal and glaucoma images on the basis of regional information. Different from all the existing methods, our approach can extract both geometric (e.g. morphometric properties) and non-geometric based properties (e.g. pixel appearance/intensity values, texture) from images and significantly increase the classification performance. Our proposed approach consists of three new major contributions including automatic localisation of optic disc, automatic segmentation of disc, and classification between normal and glaucoma based on geometric and non-geometric properties of different regions of an image. We have compared our method with existing approaches and tested it on both fundus and Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) images. The experimental results show that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches using either geometric or non-geometric properties. The overall glaucoma classification accuracy for fundus images is 94.4% and accuracy of detection of suspicion of glaucoma in SLO images is 93.9 %.
The Role Of Collagen Composition And Orientation In Lateral Force Transmission With Aging (2020)

PURPOSE: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and functions to provide the mechanical strength of connective tissues. In muscle, collagen fibrils function both to hold muscle fibers together and transmit force laterally between fibers. With aging, force transmission is reduced; however, how changes to specific collagen isoforms or the matrix orientation contribute to force loss is currently unclear. The current study was designed to compare lateral force transmission in the gastrocnemius muscle of young and old people with changes in specific collagen proteins and the orientation of the matrix. METHODS: The calf strength of 12 subjects, 5 between 18 and 30 years old and 7 over the age of 65, was measured within an MRI. Images were taken to determine lateral force transmission. Following strength testing, biopsies were obtained under local anesthetic from the gastrocnemius muscle. Biopsies were pinned to cork at resting length and frozen in isopentane cooled in liquid nitrogen. Cross-sections were taken to determine collagens I, III, IV, and V content, whereas longitudinal sections were stained with picrosirius red to determine matrix orientation. The collagen IV image was also used to determine muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA). RESULTS: Collagen I and V were evenly dispersed throughout the cross-sections, whereas Collagen IV and VI were densest around individual muscle fibers. Collagen IV content was similar in young and old. As expected, fiber CSA tended (p = 0.1) to decrease in the old subjects. Picrosirius red staining showed that the collagen matrix is oriented at a 22.3±3.1% angle to the fibers in young and 30.2±8.7% in old subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data suggests that, in the old, fiber CSA decreases and the extracellular matrix becomes less aligned. By establishing the role of specific collagen proteins during aging, we hope to better understand the relationship between the extracellular matrix and force transmission in muscle and how this relationship is modified by age.
A stream processor development platform (2003)

We describe a hardware and software platform for developing streaming applications. Programmers write stream programs in high-level languages, and a set of software tools maps these programs to code that runs on a streaming hardware system. The hardware platform includes two Imagine stream processors, together providing 32 GFLOPS peak performance, and a high-speed onboard network to carry video and other data between peripherals and the Imagine processors.
Supplemental Figure 6 from Feasibility and Safety of Personalized, Multi-Target, Adoptive Cell Therapy (IMA101): First-in-Human Clinical Trial in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 6&lt;/p&gt;
Supplemental Figure 1 from Combination Drug Scheduling Defines a “Window of Opportunity” for Chemopotentiation of Gemcitabine by an Orally Bioavailable, Selective ChK1 Inhibitor, GNE-900 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Kinase selectivity profile evaluated at 100 nM GNE-900&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of environments on the footprint of particle contamination on EUV mask (2011)

Even if particles are removed still a residue or "footprint" is left behind. Such a footprint may in itself be large enough to become a printable defect. Footprint of silica and PSL particles with diameters of 100 nm which were deposited on Si surface and were stored at different environments was measured by atomic force microscope. Their particle removal forces also were measured. Footprint of silica and PSL particles and their particle removal forces represented that silica particles as an inorganic type particle were very sensitive humidity and it needs high removal force when the silica particle aged at higher humidity level and longer storage time. On the other hand, PSL particles as an organic type particle were not sensitive humidity, but footprints were observed even at low humidity condition and short storage time. This study could help to improve the understanding of particle adhesion on EUV mask and might help to improve mask life time longer.
Intrinsic electronic properties of high-quality wurtzite InN (2016)

Recent reports suggested that InN is a highly unusual III-V semiconductor, whose behavior fundamentally differs from that of others. We therefore analyzed its intrinsic electronic properties on the highest available quality InN layers, demonstrating the absence of electron accumulation at the $\left(10\overline{1}0\right)$ cleavage surface and in the bulk. The bulk electron density is governed solely by dopants. Hence, we conclude that InN acts similarly to the other III-V semiconductors and previously reported intriguing effects are related to low crystallinity, surface decomposition, nonstoichiometry, and/or In adlayers.
A novel CMOS-compatible, monolithically integrated line-scan hyperspectral imager covering the VIS-NIR range (2016)

Imec has developed a process for the monolithic integration of optical filters on top of CMOS image sensors, leading to compact, cost-efficient and faster hyperspectral cameras. Different prototype sensors are available, most notably a 600- 1000 nm line-scan imager, and two mosaic sensors: a 4x4 VIS (470-620 nm range) and a 5x5 VNIR (600-1000 nm). In response to the users’ demand for a single sensor able to cover both the VIS and NIR ranges, further developments have been made to enable more demanding applications. As a result, this paper presents the latest addition to imec’s family of monolithically-integrated hyperspectral sensors: a line scan sensor covering the range 470-900 nm. This new prototype sensor can acquire hyperspectral image cubes of 2048 pixels over 192 bands (128 bands for the 600- 900 nm range, and 64 bands for the 470-620 nm range) at 340 cubes per second for normal machine vision illumination levels.
Balanced detection in single photon counting (2013)

We demonstrate balanced InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) operated in both pulse-gated mode and sinusoidal gating mode for data transmission rate up to 20 MHz. The photodiode pair is biased in a balanced configuration with only one of the SPADs illuminated. The common-mode signal cancellation realized with the balanced configuration enables detection of small avalanche pulses. Afterpulsing is significantly suppressed due to the capability of detecting small avalanche pulses at high laser repetition rate. For pulse-gated mode operation and laser repletion rate of 20 MHz at 240 K, the dark count probability for photon detection efficiency of 13% is 1.9×10<sup>-5</sup>. The afterpulse probability is 0.3% for 2 ns pulse width, hold off time of 20 ns, and 10% PDE, at 240K. For sinusoidal gating a phase shifter has been incorporated to achieve better synchronization between signals. At laser rate of 20 MHz and 240 K, the dark count probability and photon detection efficiency are 2.8×10<sup>-5</sup> and 10.8% respectively.