gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potent Long-Acting Inhibitors Targeting the HIV-1 Capsid Based on a Versatile Quinazolin-4-one Scaffold (2023)

Long-acting (LA) human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) antiretroviral therapy characterized by a ≥1 month dosing interval offers significant advantages over daily oral therapy. However, the criteria for compounds that enter clinical development are high. Exceptional potency and low plasma clearance are required to meet dose size requirements; excellent chemical stability and/or crystalline form stability is required to meet formulation requirements, and new antivirals in HIV-1 therapy need to be largely free of side effects and drug-drug interactions. In view of these challenges, the discovery that capsid inhibitors comprising a quinazolinone core tolerate a wide range of structural modifications while maintaining picomolar potency against HIV-1 infection <i>in vitro</i>, are assembled efficiently in a multi-component reaction, and can be isolated in a stereochemically pure form is reported herein. The detailed characterization of a prototypical compound, GSK878, is presented, including an X-ray co-crystal structure and subcutaneous and intramuscular pharmacokinetic data in rats and dogs.
Nano-stepper-driven optical shutter for applications in free-space micro-optics (2002)

In this paper we report a simple design of a micro-optical shutter/attenuator. The standard MUMPS process was used to fabricate the device. A vertically erected, gold-coated, 200x300 ?m side length micro-mirror was precisely placed between the end faces of two closely spaced optical fibers. The position of the micro-mirror with respect to the optical fiber end face was controlled by a nano-stepping motor array. Optical and mechanical tests were performed on the device. A 1.55 ?m laser beam was sent along the optical fiber. When the micro-mirror was removed from the front of the fiber, the coupling efficiency between two fibers was –10 dBm. Once the micro-mirror was placed in the optical path the coupling efficiency dropped to –51.5 dBm. The best attenuation was obtained when the micro-mirror blocked the whole cross-section of the laser beam diameter. It is evident that the device can operate as a high precision fiber optic attenuator or shutter.
Data from XIAP Regulation by MNK Links MAPK and NFκB Signaling to Determine an Aggressive Breast Cancer Phenotype (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Hyperactivation of the NFκB pathway is a distinct feature of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a highly proliferative and lethal disease. Gene expression studies in IBC patient tissue have linked EGFR (EGFR/HER2)-mediated MAPK signaling to NFκB hyperactivity, but the mechanism(s) by which this occurs remain unclear. Here, we report that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays a central role in linking these two pathways. XIAP overexpression correlated with poor prognoses in breast cancer patients and was frequently observed in untreated IBC patient primary tumors. XIAP drove constitutive NFκB transcriptional activity, which mediated ALDH positivity (a marker of stem-like cells), &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; tumor growth, and an IBC expression signature in patient-derived IBC cells. Using pathway inhibitors and mathematical models, we defined a new role for the MAPK interacting (Ser/Thr)-kinase (MNK) in enhancing XIAP expression and downstream NFκB signaling. Furthermore, targeted XIAP knockdown and treatment with a MNK inhibitor decreased tumor cell migration in a dorsal skin fold window chamber murine model that allowed for intravital imaging of local tumor growth and migration. Together, our results indicate a novel role for XIAP in the molecular cross-talk between MAPK and NFκB pathways in aggressive tumor growth, which has the potential to be therapeutically exploited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; Signaling by the MNK kinase is essential in inflammatory breast cancer, and it can be targeted to inhibit XIAP–NFκB signaling and the aggressive phenotype of this malignancy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(7); 1726–38. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Differential synaptic vesicle protein expression in the barrel field of developing cortex (1996)

The distribution of four proteins associated with synaptic vesicles, SV2, synaptophysin, synapsin I, and rab3a, was investigated during postnatal development of the posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF) in the rat somatosensory cortex. A distinct progression in the appearance of the different synaptic vesicle proteins within the PMBSF was observed. SV2, synapsin I, and synaptophysin revealed the organization of the barrel field in the neonate. This early demarcation of the cortical representation of the vibrissal array coincides with the earliest known age for the emergence of the cytoarchitectonic organization of this region. In contrast, rab3a did not delimit the barrels until the end of the 1st postnatal week, coincident with the known onset of adult-like physiological activity and the loss of plasticity in afferents to this region. In addition, the appearance of the different synaptic vesicle proteins occurred earlier within the PMBSF than in the adjacent extra-barrel regions of the cortex. These results show that the molecular differentiation of synaptic fields across the cortex is not a homogeneous and synchronous process in terms of synaptic vesicle protein expression. Because these proteins act together in mature synapses to ensure the regulated release of neurotransmitters, our results suggest that this temporo-spatial asynchrony may underlie different potentials for synaptic activity and thus contribute to the development of cortical maps.
Effects of Functionalize Carbon Nanofibers Supported Catalysts on Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium (2015)

Fuel cells are attractive because they provide clean and efficient energy for stationary and portable applications. Among the various types of fuel cells, the proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have a high energy density and a fast start-up, but the cost of noble-metal catalysts and perfluorinated membranes is high. Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) are attractive because they have enhanced the oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation kinetics at high pH, which makes the use of non-noble catalysts possible. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have outstanding structural, mechanical and electrical properties, and are widely used as catalyst supports in fuel cells. CNFs are also considered to be good material for the oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in alkaline fuel cells because of their high surface area, thermal stability and electrical conductivity. In this work, we use CNFs as the support for fuel cell catalysts in hybrid fuel cells, which combine alkaline and acidic conditions at the different electrodes. Functional groups were added onto the CNFs, including carboxyl groups (CNF-OX), carbonyl groups (CNF-CO), hydroxyl groups (CNF-OH) and nitrogen-containing groups (CNF-ON). In previous studies, they were tested them in half-cell experiments and it was found that the catalysts supported on CNF-ON have high ORR activity. The CNF-ON electrodes can change the ORR from the two-electron pathway to the four-electron pathway. Pt/CNFs have been tested in hybrid fuel cell and compared with Pt/C.
Research and Development for Digital Voice Processing (DVP) (1991)

This technical report covers a variety of topics and research areas. An update of the Canonical Coordinate (CC) Transformation process for digital speech compression based on non-Euclidean error minimization criteria is given. A method of transforming empirical filter sets to unitary error metrics is introduced and a sample error metric is developed. Research into frequency shift invariant transformation is presented and its utility for developing CC error metrics is discussed. A study into the relationship between CC analysis and Linear Predictive Coding is presented. An improved AP120-B implementation of the CC algorithm is given along with a fully parallel CC implementation on a systolic array processor. The latest developments in processor hardware, operating systems, and program development software at RADC/EEV are documented. Custom additions to the Interactive Laboratory System (ILS) analysis and display package are covered along with its relationship to the Speech Data Base Library used at RADC/EEV. Data Base input/output programs, analysis tools, search/sort programs are all presented. The status of a communicability testbed system at the Speech Processing Facility is presented.
Incomplete Recrystallization and Subsequent Microstructural Evolution during Intercritical Annealing in Cold-rolled Low Carbon Steels (2010)

Microstructural evolution during intercritical annealing after rapid heating of cold rolled low carbon steels was investigated by EBSD and TEM. When the specimens were heated to above the Ac1 temperature before the completion of the primary recrystallization of α and then annealed, remarkable retardation of the primary recrystallization was observed, resulting in non-uniform grain size distribution of α. Because of the retardation, subgrains formed in non-recrystallized α are not consumed by recrystallized α and are thus able to gradually grow with annealing, and finally the grain size distribution of α becomes uniform. The analysis based on the rn−r0n=kt equation has shown that the subgrain growth in non-recrystallized α from the holding period of 100 to 1000 s follows n=3, indicating that the subgrain growth is controlled by the volume diffusion of Mn at α and γ interfaces. The transition of n from 3 to 2, observed at the holding time of longer than 1000 s, may be due to the gradual disappearance of the smaller γ phase at subgrain boundaries.
Low-loss silicon 2 × 4λ multiplexers composed of on-chip polarization-splitter-rotator and 2 × 2 and 2 × 1 Mach-Zehnder filters for 400GbE (2020)

2×4λ Si-photonics multiplexers for 400GbE composed of Mach-Zehnder filters and a polarization-splitter-rotator are proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Relative spectral position of two filters is locked by using 2×2 and 2×1 configurations.
Novel Strategies for the Preparation of Aminocarbasugar Analogues: Syntheses of N‐Substituted Aminocyclitols from D‐Mannose. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supplementary Fig. S1 from A selective small-molecule nuclear factor-κB inhibitor from a high-throughput cell-based assay for “activator protein-1 hits” (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from A selective small-molecule nuclear factor-κB inhibitor from a high-throughput cell-based assay for “activator protein-1 hits”
Partitioned key-value store with atomic memory operations (2023)

A partitioned key-value store is provided that supports atomic memory operations. A server performs a memory operation in a partitioned key-value store by receiving a request from an application for at least one atomic memory operation, the atomic memory operation comprising a memory address identifier; and, in response to the atomic memory operation, performing one or more of (i) reading a client-side memory location identified by the memory address identifier and storing one or more key-value pairs from the client-side memory location in a local key-value store of the server; and (ii) obtaining one or more key-value pairs from the local key-value store of the server and writing the obtained one or more key-value pairs into the client-side memory location identified by the memory address identifier. The server can perform functions obtained from a client-side memory location and return a result to the client using one or more of the atomic memory operations.
Plasma-optimized contact for high-performance PdSe2 nanoflake-based field-effect transistors (2023)

Low-resistance contact has long been pursued in the two-dimensional (2D) electronic/optoelectronic device community. Still, an economy-efficient method highly compatible with the conventional 2D device fabrication process in laboratory remains to be explored. Herein, we report a plasma-optimized contact strategy for high-performance PdSe2 nanoflake-based field-effect transistors (FETs). Selenium vacancies created by air plasma can introduce p-type doping in the contact area, thus optimizing the device performance. The effect of plasma treatment on PdSe2 nanoflake is corroborated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy spectrum, atomic force microscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The PdSe2 FET with plasma-optimized contact exhibits significantly improved field-effect carrier mobilities, current on/off ratios, and reduced contact resistance than that without plasma treatment fabricated from the same PdSe2 nanoflake. Moreover, this strategy has also been proven effective to prepare high-performance FETs based on 2D WSe2 and MoSe2 nanoflakes, further demonstrating its application prospect.
Light-Emitting Diodes &#x2013; Looking back 100 years and looking forward to the next 10 years (2007)

Light-emitting diodes were first demonstrated 100 years ago. We take this opportunity to look back 100 years as to how the technology evolved from its accidental discovery to the most precious light source available to humankind. We also look forward 10 years to exciting new developments and functionalities afforded by light-emitting diodes.
Concierge (2007)

As mobile and embedded devices become widespread, the management and configuration of the software in the devices is increasingly turning into a critical issue. OSGi is a business standard for the life cycle management of Java software components. It is based on a service oriented architecture where functional units are decoupled and components can be managed independently of each other. However, the focus continuously shifts from the originally intended area of small and embedded devices towards large-scaled enterprise systems. As a result, implementations of the OSGi framework are increasingly becoming more heavyweight and less suitable for smaller computing devices. In this paper, we describe the experience gathered during the design of Concierge, an implementation of the OSGi specification tailored to resource-constrained devices. Comprehensive benchmarks show that Concierge performs better than existing implementations and consumes less resources.
Rapid sequestration of perovskite solar cell-derived lead in soil (2022)

Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells rely on the use of Pb species potentially challenging the technologies' commercialisation. In this study, the fate of Pb derived from two common perovskite precursors is compared to cationic lead in soil-water microcosm experiments under various biogeochemical conditions. The rapid and efficient removal of Pb from the aqueous phase is demonstrated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sequential soil extraction results reveal that a substantial amount of Pb is associated with immobile fractions, whereas a minor proportion of Pb may become available again in the long term, when oxygen is depleted (e.g. during water logging). X-ray absorption spectroscopy results reveal that the sorption of Pb on mineral phases represents the most likely sequestration mechanism. The obtained results suggest that the availability of leached Pb from perovskite solar cells is naturally limited in soils and that its adverse effects on soil biota are possibly negligible in oxic soils. All three Pb sources used behaved very similar in the experiments, wherefore we conclude that perovskite derived Pb will have a similar fate compared to cationic Pb, so that established risk assessment considerations for Pb remain legitimate.
Profiling Sustainability of Data Centers (2010)

Today's data centers consume vast amounts of energy, leading to high operational costs, excessive water consumption, and significant greenhouse gas emissions. With the approach of micro grids, an opportunity exists to reduce the environmental impact and cost of power in data centers. To realize this, demand side power consumption needs to be understood and co-managed from the perspectives of both supply and demand. We present an approach to achieve this via data center power profiling and demonstrate its applicability for an enterprise data center.
Mining in european history and its impact on environment and human societies : proceedings for the 1st Mining in European History-Conference of the SFB-HIMAT, 12.-15. November 2009, Innsbruck (2010)

The Molar-Bellmunt-Falset (MBF) mining district was an important source of lead and silver from medieval times to the 20 century, as many historical documents show. Pre-Roman operations have not been documented in the area, but a few fragments of Roman pottery were recovered during 20 century mining. Two field surveys did not provide any evidence of ancient exploitation. However, some evidence of lead metallurgy has been documented at some prehistoric sites within the region. This study is based on lead (Pb) isotope analysis (LIA) and tries to identify the provenance of archaeological items prior to the Roman conquest of the region. Early Iron Age occupation horizons show that MBF mineral resources were exploited for their metals. We also try to investigate if archaeological material from other parts of the Iberian Peninsula could be related to the MBF district to infer the patterns of trade.
Entropic Corrections to the Flory-Huggins Theory of Polymer Blends: Architectural and Conformational Effects (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEntropic Corrections to the Flory-Huggins Theory of Polymer Blends: Architectural and Conformational EffectsGlenn H. Fredrickson, Andrea J. Liu, and Frank S. BatesCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 9, 2503–2511Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00087a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00087a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3570Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Technological developments for pumped-hydro energy storage (2014)

Today, everything seems to indicate that pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) is experiencing a second, or even third, youth (Fayolle and Lafon, 2008). Main drivers of such reemergence are mostly related with concerns on climate change and depletion of fossil fuels, which have been transposed into international agreements, regional directives, and national and local regulations (UN, 1998; EC, 2009). As a consequence of these concerns and associated regulations, there has been a strong deployment of renewable energy (REN) technologies, which is still ongoing. Amongst all REN sources, wind seems to be at present the one with the largest economically feasible potential (Lu et al., 2009), but also with the highest variability (Wan, 2005; Taulan et al., 2009; Paradinas et al., 2012), and the most difficult to predict (Greaves et al., 2009; Hodge et al., 2012). In this context, PHES “reemerges” as an excellent means to integrate wind power into the electric power system, not only because of its maturity and technically proven flexibility, but also because of its significant remaining potential (EURELECTRIC, 2011; IEA, Technology Roadmap, 2012; Lacal Arántegui et al., 2012). Within this new role, special attention is given to variable speed PHES (Schwery and Kunz, 2009; EPRI, 2013; HEA, 2013) and hydraulic short-circuit operation (Taulan et al., 2009; Lippold et al. 2012). The objective of this report is to describe some current trends and future challenges on PHES in relation with its role in REN integration, with special emphasis on mechanical aspects of hydraulic machinery, power electronics devices used for variable speed operation, and utilities’ operation strategies both in liberalized and centralized markets contexts. The remainder of this document is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, after a brief introduction and historical background, the new generation of PHES is presented with particular focus on those equipped with variable-speed technology. Typical configurations of pumped-storage hydropower plants (PSHPs) are also briefly described, discussing their capability for providing grid support services, such as load-frequency regulation, inertia and short-circuit power. Chapter 2 focuses on reversible pumpturbines, discussing their operating limits and presenting the state-of art of the research on their unstable behavior. In chapter 3, the operating principle and some basic aspects of the electrical machines most widely used in PSPHs are described. In chapter 4, power electronics devices typically used in PSHPs for both start-up in pumping mode and variable speed operation are described in detail, along with some recent developments on variable speed drives. In chapter 5, utilities’ operation strategies are reviewed in detail, and some future challenges to make the best possible use of PHES assets according to their new role are identified.
Priming of Human Papillomavirus Type 11-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in College-Aged Women with a Virus-Like Particle Vaccine (2002)

In this study, we evaluated the potency of a human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine at generating HPV type 11 (HPV-11)-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in seronegative women. The vaccine was administered by intramuscular immunizations at months 0, 2, and 6. A fourth immunization was administered to approximately half of the women at month 12. All vaccine recipients had positive HPV-11 VLP-specific lymphoproliferative responses at month 3 following the second immunization (geometric mean lymphoproliferative stimulation index [SI] = 28.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.9 to 48.0) and HPV-11 VLP-specific antibody titers following the first immunization at month 1 (geometric mean antibody titer = 53.9 milli-Merck units/ml, 95% CI, 34.8 to 83.7). In contrast, lymphoproliferative and antibody titer responses were never detected in the participants who received placebo. Relatively homogeneous lymphoproliferative responses were observed in all vaccinated women. The mean lymphoproliferative SI of the vaccinated group over the first 12 months of the study was 7.6-fold greater than that of the placebo group following the initial immunization. The cellular immune responses generated by VLP immunization were both Th1 and Th2, since peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinees, but not placebo recipients, secreted interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-5, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to in vitro stimulation with HPV-11 VLP. The proliferation-based SI was moderately correlated with IFN-gamma production and significantly correlated with IL-2 production after the third immunization (P = 0.078 and 0.002, respectively). The robust lymphoproliferative responses were specific for HPV-11, since SIs generated against bovine papillomavirus and HPV-16 VLPs were not generally observed and when detected were similar pre- and postimmunization.