gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezo-drive circuits for amplitude-modulated locomoton for miniature wireless robots (2001)

Piezo-actuators due to their relatively high resonant frequencies and small deflections are ideally suited as accurate displacement transducers. As such, they have been used to implement the legs of the miniature wireless NanoWalker robot where step sizes in the order of a few tenths of nanometers are required for final positioning within the range of an embedded instrument designed to operate at the atomic scale. The relatively high capacitance combined with the high-drive voltage requirement of the actuators, impose constraints on the miniaturization of the electronics. The amplitude modulation scheme requires one amplifier per quadrant electrode on the piezo-legs. Although power amplifiers are suited to drive large capacitive loads with large signal amplitudes without stability problems, the quiescent current of the amplifiers requires several DC/DC converters of significant size. During locomotion, the sudden current increase occurring when high slew rate signals are used during the charging/discharging cycle of the capacitive loads at each walking step, causes the power rail voltage to drop, yielding a reduction in the amplitude of the deflections of the piezo-legs. To minimize the number of DC/DC converters, the slew rate requirement of the drive signal is reduced by an increase of the angular acceleration of the leg created by an initial static friction force with the walking surface. It is then suggested that further miniaturization of the embedded electronics can be achieved by adjusting the kinematic behavior of the piezo-legs with an appropriate mechanical design and the right friction coefficient through careful materials selection.
Iron-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopropanes by in situ generation and decomposition of electronically diversified diazo compounds (2018)

The modular synthesis of a variety of trans 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanes in a safe and user-friendly one-pot iron-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction is described. Easily synthesized N-nosylhydrazones are used as diazo precursors, allowing the in situ generation of electron-rich diazo compounds under mild reaction conditions and their direct participation in the cyclopropanation reaction.
Two-dimensional Beam-steering Achieved Using Photonic-crystal Lasers (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Nobuoka, K. Kitamura, S. Iwahashi, T. Okino, Y. Liang, and S. Noda, "Two-dimensional Beam-steering Achieved Using Photonic-crystal Lasers," in CLEO: 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper CTh3G.3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Statistical inference for decision curve analysis, with applications to cataract diagnosis (2020)

Statistical learning methods are widely used in medical literature for the purpose of diagnosis or prediction. Conventional accuracy assessment via sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves does not fully account for clinical utility of a specific model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) becomes a novel complement as it incorporates a clinical judgment of the relative value of benefits (treating a true positive case) and harms (treating a false positive case) associated with prediction models. The preference of a patient or a policy-maker is formulated statistically as the underlying threshold probability, above which the patient would choose to be treated. Net benefit is then calculated for possible threshold probability, which places benefits and harms on the same scale. We consider the inference problems for DCA in this paper. Interval estimation procedure and inference methodology are provided after we derive the relevant asymptotic properties. Our formulation can accommodate the classification problems with multiple categories. We carry out numerical studies to assess the performance of the proposed methods. An eye disease dataset is analyzed to illustrate our proposals.
Abstract 729: Chimeric antibodies to tumor antigen CEA improve detection of human colon cancer for fluorescence-guided surgery. (2013)

Abstract Mouse models of human colon cancer were established with fragments of a CEA-expressing patient colon tumor. Mice received tail vein injections of a human-mouse chimeric anti-CEA-Alexa-488 antibody or mouse anti-CEA-Alexa-488 antibody 24 hours prior to fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). Pre- and post-operative images were obtained to assess for completeness of resection. Mice were subsequently followed for 6 months post-operatively to assess for tumor recurrence and overall survival. At termination, all tumor lesions were harvested and evaluated histologically. Furthermore, the chimeric antibody was tested on frozen tumor and normal tissue arrays comparing it to the mouse antibody. The chimeric antibody demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity in labeling the CEA-expressing tumor compared to the mouse antibody. The conjugation efficiency of the fluorophore to the chimeric antibody was 2-fold higher than that of the mouse antibody. On frozen tumor tissue arrays, the signal intensity of the chimeric antibody was significantly brighter compared to the mouse antibody indicating improved binding to tumor tissue. The chimeric antibody demonstrated improved specificity as shown by the lower signal intensity in normal human tissue samples compared to the mouse antibody indicating decreased binding of the chimeric antibody. The animals injected with the chimeric antibody had more effective FGS than the animals injected with the mouse antibody indicating improved visualization of tumor margins by the chimeric antibody. The humanized chimeric antibody has greater potential for clinical application for FGS than a mouse antibody. Citation Format: Cristina A. Metildi, Sharmeela Kaushal, George A. Luiken, Robert M. Hoffman, Michael Bouvet. Chimeric antibodies to tumor antigen CEA improve detection of human colon cancer for fluorescence-guided surgery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 729. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-729
Operating mechanism of SiC-SIT DC circuit breaker in 400V-DC power supply system for data center &#x2014; In case of grounding fault (2012)

In DC power supply system, a fast response circuit breaker is required. Semiconductor DC circuit breaker is an important key technology in DC power supply system. This paper considers the operating characteristics of Silicon Carbide-Static Induction Transistor (SiC-SIT) based DC circuit breaker in DC power supply system when grounding fault occurs. The operating mechanism of grounding fault case is explained compared with short fault case.
Fluid management and goal-directed therapy as an adjunct to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Gestion des liquides et traitement cibleen annexe de la Recuperation rapide apres la chirurgie (RRAC) (2015)

Optimal perioperative fluid management is an important component of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways. Fluid management within ERAS should be viewed as a continuum through the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. Each phase is important for improving patient outcomes, and suboptimal care in one phase can undermine best practice within the rest of the ERAS pathway. The goal of preoperative fluid management is for the patient to arrive in the operating room in a hydrated and euvolemic state. To achieve this, prolonged fasting is not recommended, and routine mechanical bowel preparation should be avoided. Patients should be encouraged to ingest a clear carbohydrate drink two to three hours before surgery. The goals of intraoperative fluid management are to maintain central euvolemia and to avoid excess salt and water. To achieve this, patients undergoing surgery within an enhanced recovery protocol should have an individualized fluid management plan. As part of this plan, excess crystalloid should be avoided in all patients. For low-risk patients undergoing low-risk surgery, a ''zero-balance'' approach might be sufficient. In addition, for most patients undergoing major surgery, individualized
A Flexible CMOS Test-Pixel Readout System (2022)

A readout system designed for characterizing CMOS active pixels for imaging with global or rolling shutter operation is presented. The readout chain consists of an ana-log and digital column-parallel front end to increase readout speed. The column readout circuitry shown in detail includes a Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) with Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) and offset cancelling features. Programmable row and global drivers which improve the system flexibility have been discussed. The presented readout design was silicon proven on a 0.11um Front Side Illumination CMOS process in reading out 7T charge domain pixels with single-snapshot High-Dynamic Range (HDR) features.
Generic Probabilistic Interactive Situation Recognition and Prediction: From Virtual to Real (2018)

Accurate and robust recognition and prediction of traffic situation plays an important role in autonomous driving, which is a prerequisite for risk assessment and effective decision making. Although there exist a lot of works dealing with modeling driver behavior of a single object, it remains a challenge to make predictions for multiple highly interactive agents that react to each other simultaneously. In this work, we propose a generic probabilistic hierarchical recognition and prediction framework which employs a two-layer Hidden Markov Model (TLHMM) to obtain the distribution of potential situations and a learning-based dynamic scene evolution model to sample a group of future trajectories. Instead of predicting motions of a single entity, we propose to get the joint distribution by modeling multiple interactive agents as a whole system. Moreover, due to the decoupling property of the layered structure, our model is suitable for knowledge transfer from simulation to real world applications as well as among different traffic scenarios, which can reduce the computational efforts of training and the demand for a large data amount. A case study of highway ramp merging scenario is demonstrated to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed framework.
Benchmark Comparison for a Multi-Processing Ion Mobility Calculator in the Free Molecular Regime (2017)

A benchmark comparison between two ion mobility and collision cross-section (CCS) calculators, MOBCAL and IMoS, is presented here as a standard to test the efficiency and performance of both programs. Utilizing 47 organic ions, results are in excellent agreement between IMoS and MOBCAL in He and N<sub>2,</sub> when both programs use identical input parameters. Due to a more efficiently written algorithm and to its parallelization, IMoS is able to calculate the same CCS (within 1%) with a speed around two orders of magnitude faster than its MOBCAL counterpart when seven cores are used. Due to the high computational cost of MOBCAL in N<sub>2</sub>, reaching tens of thousands of seconds even for small ions, the comparison between IMoS and MOBCAL is stopped at 70 atoms. Large biomolecules (>10000 atoms) remain computationally expensive when IMoS is used in N<sub>2</sub> (even when employing 16 cores). Approximations such as diffuse trajectory methods (DHSS, TDHSS) with and without partial charges and projected area approximation corrections can be used to reduce the total computational time by several folds without hurting the accuracy of the solution. These latter methods can in principle be used with coarse-grained model structures and should yield acceptable CCS results. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Practical Perspectives on Quality Estimation for Machine Translation (2020)

Sentence level quality estimation (QE) for machine translation (MT) attempts to predict the translation edit rate (TER) cost of post-editing work required to correct MT output. We describe our view on sentence-level QE as dictated by several practical setups encountered in the industry. We find consumers of MT output---whether human or algorithmic ones---to be primarily interested in a binary quality metric: is the translated sentence adequate as-is or does it need post-editing? Motivated by this we propose a quality classification (QC) view on sentence-level QE whereby we focus on maximizing recall at precision above a given threshold. We demonstrate that, while classical QE regression models fare poorly on this task, they can be re-purposed by replacing the output regression layer with a binary classification one, achieving 50-60\% recall at 90\% precision. For a high-quality MT system producing 75-80\% correct translations, this promises a significant reduction in post-editing work indeed.
Biodegradability of bio‐based and synthetic hydrogels as sustainable soil amendments: A review (2023)

Abstract Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), sometimes known as hydrogels, have been proposed as soil amendments to enhance soil water management. But the performance of SAPs as soil amendments depends on their stability in soil. Bio‐based SAPs have been praised as environmentally sustainable due to their apparent fast biodegradation relative to synthetic SAPs. But the fast biodegradation of bio‐based SAPs may come at a cost to their long‐term performance for repeated absorption and release of water in the soil. The purpose of this review is to (i) concisely summarize the methods and mechanisms involved in the biodegradation of different bio‐based and synthetic SAPs, (ii) critically review studies conducted on the biodegradability of bio‐based and synthetic SAPs when used as soil amendments, and (iii) discuss the implications of the biodegradability of bio‐based and synthetic SAPs on their physical properties and stability in soil and (iv) identify potential research directions. Understanding the biodegradability of synthetic compared to bio‐based SAPs and their advantages and disadvantages as soil amendments is important to researchers and farmers when choosing a specific type of SAPs as an agricultural soil amendment.
In-medium modification of dijets in PbPb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV (2021)

A bstract Modifications to the distribution of charged particles with respect to high transverse momentum ( p T ) jets passing through a quark-gluon plasma are explored using the CMS detector. Back-to-back dijets are analyzed in lead-lead and proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>NN</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 5 . 02 TeV via correlations of charged particles in bins of relative pseudorapidity and angular distance from the leading and subleading jet axes. In comparing the lead-lead and proton-proton collision results, modifications to the charged-particle relative distance distribution and to the momentum distributions around the jet axis are found to depend on the dijet momentum balance x j , which is the ratio between the subleading and leading jet p T . For events with x j ≈ 1, these modifications are observed for both the leading and subleading jets. However, while subleading jets show significant modifications for events with a larger dijet momentum imbalance, much smaller modifications are found for the leading jets in these events.
Isoelectric-focusing properties and carbohydrate content of pea (Pisum sativum) legumin (1980)

Legumin from pea (Pisum sativum) is a molecule made up of six pairs of subunits, each pair consisting of an ;acidic' subunit (mol.wt. about 40000) and a ;basic' subunit (mol.wt. about 20000) linked by one or more disulphide bonds. The heterogeneity of legumin has been investigated by isoelectric focusing; undissociated legumin could not be focused satisfactorily, but legumin subunits could be analysed under dissociating conditions. 8m-Urea was not found to be a satisfactory medium for isoelectric focusing of legumin, as the ;basic' subunits showed a shift in pI with time of incubation in urea. A new dissociating medium for isoelectric focusing, namely 50% (v/v) formamide, was used for analysis of legumin, which gave pI values of 5.0-5.3 for the ;acidic' subunits, and 8.3-8.7 for the ;basic' subunits. Both types of subunits were shown to be heterogeneous in charge and molecular weight by two-dimensional analysis employing isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second. The ;basic' and ;acidic' subunits of legumin were separated on the preparative scale by ion-exchange chromatography in 50% formamide. Carbohydrate attached to the protein was investigated as a possible cause of the heterogeneity of legumin subunits. However, both a fluorescent-labelling technique and a sensitive radioactive-labelling technique failed to show any carbohydrate bound to legumin subunits, and it was concluded that legumin is not a glycoprotein.
Peculiarities of the angular selectivity of 3D holograms in the direction of nondispersive angular mismatch (2000)

Influence of the angular mismatch between the hologram and the reconstructing beam in the direction perpendicular to the plane of dispersion on the efficiency of diffraction was studied. It is demonstrated that angular detuning in this direction can lead to substantial increase of the intensity of the diffracted beam if the Bragg conditions are met. The results of calculation of the “anomalous” behavior of the diffraction efficiency are in good agreement with the experimental data for holograms recorded in the layers of a photopolymer.
Metabolic and renal effects of interleukin-2 immunotherapy for metastatic cancer. (1988)

The systemic administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) either alone or in combination with lymphokine activated killer cells is a new approach to the immunotherapy of metastatic cancer in man. Renal toxicity is often a dose-limiting side effect of IL-2 administration. This prospective study of 17 consecutive patients receiving parenteral high dose IL-2 documents a reversible syndrome of hypotension, oliguria, fluid retention, azotemia and very low urinary excretion of sodium (median FeNa of 0.04%). The median nadir urinary uric acid to urinary creatinine ratio during IL-2 therapy was 0.2. This IL-2 regimen induces a reversible renal hypoperfusion syndrome (pre-renal azotemia) without evidence of acute uric acid nephropathy. Hypophosphatemia [median serum phosphorus of 1.9 mg/dl (0.61 mmol/l)] prompted further study of tubular function. Urinary excretions of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium were very low. Arterial blood gases revealed hyperventilation without alkalemia. The hypophosphatemia probably reflects increased utilization of inorganic phosphorus by rapidly proliferating lymphoid cells.
Wear Measurements of Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Proximity Recording Sliders Using Raman Spectroscopy (1999)

The wear behavior of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated sliders for proximity recording is investigated as a function of sliding distance, spindle speed and slider “interference height” using Raman spectroscopy. Both constant speed drag tests simulating track following and “slew” tests simulating track seeking were performed. The results indicate that track seeking increases the wear rate of DLC coated sliders dramatically during the first stages of a seek test. The results also show that wear of the DLC layer depends strongly on sliding distance and interference height of the slider. [S0742-4787(00)03801-7]
Liver Tumours Associated with Oral Contraceptives (1978)

Five young women have been encountered with unusual forms of hepatic neoplasms in a ten year period. Each had been taking an oral contraceptive. Two of the four women with benign lesions noted the presence of their tumours, and another woman presented with abdominal pain. Each of these tumours was resected successfully. The fourth patient had the diagnosis made at laparotomy following the development of haemoperitoneum after an attempt at percutaneous liver biopsy. A fifth patient developed jaundice and investigation revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma which was invading the biliary tree. This experience illustrates the need for periodic physical examination of young women who are taking oral contraceptives.
Interleukin-10 as a protective cytokine produced during human septicemia and septic shock (1996)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Optical inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity (2013)

Introduction: There is no therapeutic approach that provides precise and rapidly reversible inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity for treatment of spastic hypertonia. Methods: We used optogenetics to demonstrate precise and rapidly reversible light-mediated inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity in vivo in transgenic Thy1::eNpHR2.0 mice. Results: We found optical inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity to be effective at all muscle force amplitudes and determined that muscle activity can be modulated by changing light pulse duration and light power density. Conclusions: This demonstration of optical inhibition of motor nerves is an important advancement toward novel optogenetics-based therapies for spastic hypertonia.
Variants in CLDN5 cause a syndrome characterized by seizures, microcephaly and brain calcifications (2022)

The blood-brain barrier ensures CNS homeostasis and protection from injury. Claudin-5 (CLDN5), an important component of tight junctions, is critical for the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. We have identified de novo heterozygous missense variants in CLDN5 in 15 unrelated patients who presented with a shared constellation of features including developmental delay, seizures (primarily infantile onset focal epilepsy), microcephaly and a recognizable pattern of pontine atrophy and brain calcifications. All variants clustered in one subregion/domain of the CLDN5 gene and the recurrent variants demonstrate genotype-phenotype correlations. We modelled both patient variants and loss of function alleles in the zebrafish to show that the variants analogous to those in patients probably result in a novel aberrant function in CLDN5. In total, human patient and zebrafish data provide parallel evidence that pathogenic sequence variants in CLDN5 cause a novel neurodevelopmental disorder involving disruption of the blood-brain barrier and impaired neuronal function.
X‐Ray Spectroscopic Investigation of Chlorinated Graphene: Surface Structure and Electronic Effects (2015)

Chemical doping of graphene represents a powerful means of tailoring its electronic properties. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray spectroscopy offers an effective route to investigate the surface electronic and chemical states of functionalizing dopants. In this work, a suite of X‐ray techniques is used, including near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and photoemission threshold measurements, to systematically study plasma‐based chlorinated graphene on different substrates, with special focus on its dopant concentration, surface binding energy, bonding configuration, and work function shift. Detailed spectroscopic evidence of C–Cl bond formation at the surface of single layer graphene and correlation of the magnitude of p‐type doping with the surface coverage of adsorbed chlorine is demonstrated for the first time. It is shown that the chlorination process is a highly nonintrusive doping technology, which can effectively produce strongly p‐doped graphene with the 2D nature and long‐range periodicity of the electronic structure of graphene intact. The measurements also reveal that the interaction between graphene and chlorine atoms shows strong substrate effects in terms of both surface coverage and work function shift.