gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Tau Imaging for a Diagnostic Platform of Tauopathy Using the rTg4510 Mouse Line (2017)

Association of tau deposition with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tau-positive neurological disorders collectively referred to as tauopathies indicates contribution of tau aggregates to neurotoxicity. The discovery of tau gene mutations in FTDP-17-<i>tau</i> kindreds has provided unequivocal evidence that tau abnormalities alone can induce neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, visualization of tau accumulation would offer a reliable, objective index to aid in the diagnosis of tauopathy and to assess the disease progression. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tau lesions is currently available using several tau PET ligands. Because most tau PET ligands have the property of an extrinsic fluorescent dye, these ligands are considered to be useful for both PET and fluorescence imaging. In addition, small-animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is available for both structural and functional imaging. Using these advanced imaging techniques, <i>in vivo</i> studies on a mouse model of tauopathy will provide significant insight into the translational research of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the utilities of PET, MRI, and fluorescence imaging for evaluating the disease progression of tauopathy.
Widefield fluorescence lifetime imaging of protoporphyrin IX for fluorescence‐guided neurosurgery: An ex vivo feasibility study (2019)

Achieving a maximal safe extent of resection during brain tumor surgery is the goal for improved patient prognosis. Fluorescence-guided neurosurgery using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX has thereby become a valuable tool enabling a high frequency of complete resections and a prolonged progression-free survival in glioblastoma patients. We present a widefield fluorescence lifetime imaging device with 250 mm working distance, working under similar conditions such as surgical microscopes based on a time-of-flight dual tap CMOS camera. In contrast to intensity-based fluorescence imaging, our method is invariant to light scattering and absorption while being sensitive to the molecular composition of the tissue. We evaluate the feasibility of lifetime imaging of protoporphyrin IX using our system to analyze brain tumor phantoms and fresh 5-ALA-labeled human tissue samples. The results demonstrate the potential of our lifetime sensing device to go beyond the limitation of current intensity-based fluorescence-guided neurosurgery.
Correction for Wang et al., Identification of small-molecule inducers of pancreatic β-cell expansion (2009)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein is required for NK cell cytotoxicity and colocalizes with actin to NK cell-activating immunologic synapses (2002)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by a mutation in WAS protein (WASp) that results in defective actin polymerization. Although the function of many hematopoietic cells requires WASp, the specific expression and function of this molecule in natural killer (NK) cells is unknown. Here, we report that WAS patients have increased percentages of peripheral blood NK cells and that fresh enriched NK cells from two patients with a WASp mutation have defective cytolytic function. In normal NK cells, WASp was expressed and localized to the activating immunologic synapse (IS) with filamentous actin (F-actin). Perforin also localized to the NK cell-activating IS but at a lesser frequency than F-actin and WASp. The accumulation of F-actin and WASp at the activating IS was decreased significantly in NK cells that had been treated with the inhibitor of actin polymerization, cytochalasin D. NK cells from WAS patients lacked expression of WASp and accumulated F-actin at the activating IS infrequently. Thus, WASp has an important function in NK cells. In patients with WASp mutations, the resulting NK cell defects are likely to contribute to their disease.
Rewriting measurement-based quantum computations with generalised flow (2010)

Abstract. We present a method for verifying measurement-based quan-tum computations, by producing a quantum circuit equivalent to a given deterministic measurement pattern. We define a diagrammatic presenta-tion of the pattern, and produce a circuit via a rewriting strategy based on the generalised flow of the pattern. Unlike other methods for translat-ing measurement patterns with generalised flow to circuits, this method uses neither ancilla qubits nor acausal loops. In addition this method can detect errors in the correction strategy used to make the pattern deterministic. 1
Bringing up a chip on the cheap (2011)

Booting and debugging the functionality of silicon samples are known to be challenging and time-consuming tasks, even more so in cost-constrained environments. The authors describe their creative solutions used to bring up Stanford Smart Memories (SSM), a 55-million transistor research chip.
Convergence Constrained Multiuser Transmitter-Receiver Optimization in Single-Carrier FDMA (2015)

Convergence constrained power allocation (CCPA) in single-carrier multiuser (MU) single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems with turbo equalization is considered in this paper. In order to exploit the full benefit of the iterative receiver, its convergence properties need to be taken into account also at the transmitter side. The proposed scheme can guarantee that the desired quality of service (QoS) is achieved after a sufficient number of iterations. We propose two different successive convex approximations for solving the non-convex power minimization problem subject to user specific QoS constraints. The results of an extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis demonstrate that the proposed CCPA scheme can achieve the design objective. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes can achieve superior performance in terms of power consumption as compared to linear receivers with and without precoding, as well as to the iterative receiver without precoding.
A novel thin-film blue light emitting diode via GaN-on-graphene technology (2017)

Fully functional thin-film blue LED was fabricated by novel means of (1) performing epitaxial growth of a single crystalline InGaN/GaN heterostructure on a recycled graphene/SiC substrate (2) followed by release and transfer of the heterostructure.
Can the limits of the &#x0022;contentionless&#x0022; add/drop stages degrade importantly the benefit of superchannels in the WDM networks? (2014)

In an optical cross-connect, we study how the maximum number of carriers each add/drop stage can accommodate impacts the benefit of elastic spectral efficiency based on superchannel.
Blu-ray Disc Pickup Head for Dual Layer (2005)

For dual-layer Blu-ray disc (BD) recording systems, the compensation of thickness differences is required. In addition the influence from the other layer should be considered. As a spherical compensation method, we have adopted a liquid crystal panel to fabricate a compact pickup head. Furthermore we have inserted a polarization diffractive optical element to reduce the influence from the other layer. In this paper, we report the readout test results of a dual-layer disc using a compact optical head.
To Buy or Not to Buy (2019)

Location data from mobile devices is a sensitive yet valuable commodity for location-based services and advertising. We investigate the intrinsic value of location data in the context of strong privacy, where location information is only available from end users via purchase. We present an algorithm to compute the expected value of location data from a user, without access to the specific coordinates of the location data point. We use decision-theoretic techniques to provide a principled way for a potential buyer to make purchasing decisions about private user location data. We illustrate our approach in three scenarios: the delivery of targeted ads specific to a user’s home location, the estimation of traffic speed, and location prediction. In all three cases, the methodology leads to quantifiably better purchasing decisions than competing methods.
Field Trial Investigation of Wired and Wireless Calibration Schemes for Real-Time Massive MIMO Prototype (2017)

Radio frequency (RF) channel reciprocity calibration is one of the most important technologies in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. With the increasing of the antenna size, the calibration procedure becomes much more challenging. In this paper, wired- and wireless-calibration schemes have been proposed and investigated through field-trial test based on a real-time massive MIMO prototype with 64 independent RF channels. The prototype is capable of supporting 12 200-MHz user equipments (UEs) simultaneously. The field trial test results validate both schemes can significantly improve the overall system throughput. For single-user (SU) MIMO scenario, the throughput can be enhanced from 0.71 Gbps to 1.46 Gbps and 1.54 Gbps with wireless- and wired-calibration schemes, respectively. For multi-user (MU) MIMO scenario, the corresponding enhancement can be from 0.26 Gbps to 9.18 Gbps and 11.29 Gbps, respectively. In terms of calibration accuracy, the wired-calibration scheme has better performance, but the wireless one has lower system complexity and cost. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field trial investigation of wireless-calibration scheme and comparison with wired calibration in a real-time high-throughput massive MIMO prototype.
MoP-29 Improving Performance of a Single Inductor Multi-Output (SIMO) DC-DC Converter Using Constant On-Time (2015)

This study is dedicated to improve the performance of a single inductor multi-output (SIMO) DC-DC converter by revising the associated chip layout for avoiding possible p-n breakdowns. Newly-revised circuit is assured capable of boosting input voltage at 2.8V to +12V and -12V. There are four subcircuits in the converter which contains a gate driver circuit, a level shifter, a ripple-based voltage sensor, and the part of sensed output. There is also a zero current detection (ZCD) circuit. Pre- and post-simulation are successfully conducted following charging order of +12V, -12V, +6V and -6V. The constant on-time method approach is found favorable in regards of crossing regulation and high transfer efficiency in unbalanced load cases.
Eine einfache Synthese von 2-Oxoalkansulfonamiden (1985)

Synthese par reaction d'enamines avec l'acide amidochlorosulfurique ou le methylamide de l'acide chlorosulfurique
Isolated, Circularly Polarized, Attosecond Pulse Generation <br /> (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. Huang, C. Lu, C. Hernandez-Garcia, R. Huang, P. Wu, D. D. Hickstein, D. Thrasher, J. L. Ellis, A. H. Kung, S. Yang, A. Jaron-Becker, A. Becker, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, C. G. Durfee, and M. Chen, "Isolated, Circularly Polarized, Attosecond Pulse Generation," in International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper UTh5A.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The sensitivity and specificity of a new formula to distinguish endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma from ovarian endometrial carcinoma (2009)

The formula we established was thought to be useful to distinguish the origin of the cases in whom endometrioid type adenocarcinoma arises in both ovary and endometrium.
Radiogenomic analysis of hypoxia pathway reveals computerized MRI descriptors predictive of overall survival in glioblastoma (2017)

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of 14 months. Hypoxia is a hallmark trait in GBM that is known to be associated with angiogenesis, tumor growth, and resistance to conventional therapy, thereby limiting treatment options for GBM patients. There is thus an urgent clinical need for non-invasively capturing tumor hypoxia in GBM towards identifying a subset of patients who would likely benefit from anti-angiogenic therapies (bevacizumab) in the adjuvant setting. In this study, we employed radiomic descriptors to (a) capture molecular variations of tumor hypoxia on routine MRI that are otherwise not appreciable; and (b) employ the radiomic correlates of hypoxia to discriminate patients with short-term survival (STS, overall survival (OS) &lt; 7 months), mid-term survival (MTS) (7 months&lt;OS&lt;16 months), and long-term survival (LTS, OS&gt;16 months). A total of 97 studies (25 STS, 36 MTS, 36 LTS) with Gadolinium T1-contrast (Gd-T1c), T2w, and FLAIR protocols with their corresponding gene expression profiles were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. For each MRI study, necrotic, enhancing tumor, and edematous regions were segmented by an expert. A total of 30 radiomic descriptors (i.e. Haralick, Laws energy, Gabor) were extracted from every region across all three MRI protocols. By performing unsupervised clustering of the expression profile of hypoxia associated genes, a "low", "medium", or "high" index was defined for every study. Spearman correlation was then used to identify the most significantly correlated MRI features with the hypoxia index for every study. These features were further used to categorize each study as STS, MTS, and LTS using Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis. Our results revealed that the most significant features (p &lt; 0.05) were identified as Laws energy and Haralick features that capture image heterogeneity on FLAIR and Gd-T1w sequences. We also found these radiomic features to be significantly associated with survival, distinguishing MTS from LTS (p=.005) and STS from LTS (p=.0008).
Frontiers of chaotic advection (2017)

This work reviews the present position of and surveys future perspectives in the physics of chaotic advection: the field that emerged three decades ago at the intersection of fluid mechanics and nonlinear dynamics, which encompasses a range of applications with length scales ranging from micrometers to hundreds of kilometers, including systems as diverse as mixing and thermal processing of viscous fluids, microfluidics, biological flows, and oceanographic and atmospheric flows.
Thermal Analysis of Orthotropic Pin Fins With Contact Resistance: A Closed-Form Analytical Solution (2012)

Light weight composite fins are considered to deal with thermal management problems for many microelectronic components. These composite fins are inherently anisotropic, therefore cannot be handled by a traditional one-dimensional approach; however, these materials can be designed to provide high thermal conductivity values in the desired direction to handle application-specific demands. In this article, we present analytical solutions for temperature distribution and heat transfer rate for orthotropic two-dimensional pin fins subject to convective-tip boundary condition and the contact resistance at the fin base. The generalized results are presented in terms of fin aspect ratio (fin length-to-radius ratio) and three dimensionless fin parameters that relate the internal conductive resistance to three convective resistances discussed in terms of dimensionless variables such as contact, tip, and axial Biot numbers, in addition to the axial-to-radial conductivity ratio. Several special cases including the insulated tip boundary condition are presented. It is demonstrated that the temperature distribution and heat transfer rate from the two-dimensional isotropic annular fin introduced earlier in the literature, can easily be recovered from the benchmark solutions presented in this article. Furthermore, dimensionless heat transfer rates are presented for the pin fins with contact resistance that can help to solve design and optimization problems of many natural-to-forced convection composite fins that are typically encountered in many microelectronic applications.
SCRAMBLE-CFI: Mitigating Fault-Induced Control-Flow Attacks on OpenTitan (2023)

Secure elements physically exposed to adversaries are frequently targeted by fault attacks. These attacks can be utilized to hijack the control-flow of software allowing the attacker to bypass security measures, extract sensitive data, or gain full code execution. In this paper, we systematically analyze the threat vector of fault-induced control-flow manipulations on the open-source OpenTitan secure element. Our thorough analysis reveals that current countermeasures of this chip either induce large area overheads or still cannot prevent the attacker from exploiting the identified threats. In this context, we introduce SCRAMBLE-CFI, an encryption-based control-flow integrity scheme utilizing existing hardware features of OpenTitan. SCRAMBLE-CFI confines, with minimal hardware overhead, the impact of fault-induced control-flow attacks by encrypting each function with a different encryption tweak at load-time. At runtime, code only can be successfully decrypted when the correct decryption tweak is active. We open-source our hardware changes and release our LLVM toolchain automatically protecting programs. Our analysis shows that SCRAMBLE-CFI complementarily enhances security guarantees of OpenTitan with a negligible hardware overhead of less than 3.97 % and a runtime overhead of 7.02 % for the Embench-IoT benchmarks.
Scaling and selectivity (1998)

We previously designed the Notification Service Transfer Protocol (NSTP) as a general-purpose coordination mechanism for building synchronous groupware applications. We initially thought that a colleague awareness tool (colloquially, a "buddy list") was just another synchronous groupware application. However, as users requested more capabilities, we discovered that awareness applications have an underlying model of interaction that differs from our other, quasi-meeting, applications. In particular, we ran into problems of scaling (NSTP's model required too much unnecessary information to be distributed) and selectivity (NSTP's model did not allow fine enough control of the way information was exposed). Accordingly, we designed the Simple General Awareness Protocol (SGAP) to address the problems that arise in sophisticated awareness applications. The problem is broader than NSTP alone: the international standard T. 120 suffers from the same limitations, as does any other infrastructure built around a quasi-meeting model.
Finding Images and Line-Drawings in Document-Scanning Systems (2009)

The system presented in this paper finds images and line-drawings in scanned pages; it is a crucial processing step in the creation of a large-scale system to detect and index images found in books and historic documents. Within the scanned pages that contain both text and images, the images are found through the use of SIFT-based local-features applied to the complete scanned-page. This is followed by a novel learning system to categorize the found SIFT features into either text or image. The discrimination is based on using multiple classifiers trained via AdaBoost. Through the use of this system, we improve image detection by finding more line-drawings, graphics, and photographs, as well as by reducing the number of spurious detections due to misclassified text, discolorations, and scanning artifacts.
Genotoxicity study of high aspect ratio silver nanowires (2017)

The genotoxicity potential of silver nanowires synthesized via the solution-based polyol method has been investigated. They were found to be non-mutagenic in three Salmonella strains and were not genotoxic in a clastogenicity assay in mice. Residual surfactant was found to have an effect on the toxicological properties of the nanowires by increasing the rate of Ag+ release. Residual surfactant can be easily degraded via a UV treatment.
Development of a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (2023)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from H5 clade 2.3.4.4b are circulating at unprecedently high levels in wild and domestic birds and have the potential to adapt to humans. We generated an mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein from a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 isolate. We show that the vaccine is immunogenic in mice and ferrets and prevents morbidity and mortality of ferrets following 2.3.4.4b H5N1 challenge.
Preparation ofβ2-Amino Acid Derivatives (β2hThr,β2hTrp,β2hMet,β2hPro,β2hLys, Pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid) by Using DIOZ as Chiral Auxiliary (2005)

The title compounds were prepared from valine-derived N-acylated oxazolidin-2-ones, 1–3, 7, 9, by highly diastereoselective (≥ 90%) Mannich reaction (→ 4–6; Scheme 1) or aldol addition (→ 8 and 10; Scheme 2) of the corresponding Ti- or B-enolates as the key step. The superiority of the ‘5,5-diphenyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one’ (DIOZ) was demonstrated, once more, in these reactions and in subsequent transformations leading to various t-Bu-, Boc-, Fmoc-, and Cbz-protected β2-homoamino acid derivatives 11–23 (Schemes 3–6). The use of ω-bromo-acyl-oxazolidinones 1–3 as starting materials turned out to open access to a variety of enantiomerically pure trifunctional and cyclic carboxylic-acid derivatives.
Cavity-based Diamond Spin-Photon Interface in Photonic Integrated Circuits (2023)

We demonstrate heterogeneous integration of solid-state nanophotonic cavities into a scalable photonic platform as an efficient optical interface for quantum memories based on diamond color centers.
Tunable Ionic and Electronic Conduction of Lithium Nitride via Phosphorus and Arsenic Substitution: A First-Principles Study (2010)

We investigated the electronic structure and transport properties of phosphorus- and arsenic-substituted Li3N using first-principles methods. It is found that both P and As partial substitution reduce Li vacancy formation energy, without appreciable alteration of energy band gap, indicating an improvement in ionic conduction. But a full substitution of P and As results in variation of crystal structure from the space group P6/mmm to P63/mmc, and the energy band gaps of Li3P and Li3As are reduced to 0.72 and 0.65 eV, respectively, in comparison with 1.14 eV of Li3N. A full substitution also brings about an increase of Li vacancy formation energies, suggesting degradation in ionic conduction. Our calculations suggest that it would be viable to achieve balanced electronic and ionic conduction of Li3N by controlled P and As partial substitution.
Astigmatic electron beam propagation (2023)

An astigmatic electron beam with an ellipticity ratio of approximately 2:1 was examined using the Enhanced Modified Faraday Cup (EMFC) diagnostic to measure its properties and show how the power density distribution varies near the beam waist. Results show that the beam has two power density peaks, one on either side of the beam crossover point, resulting from different focal distances of the major and minor axes of the elliptical beam shape. Quantification of the beam properties was used to establish a depth-of-field where the beam diameter and peak power densities are relatively constant. For the 1 kW beam studied here, the depth-of-field measured approximately ±5 mm from the beam crossover point, illustrating how electron beam diagnostics can be used to identify process control limits for repeatable and reliable welds under non-ideal electron beam power density distribution conditions.
Instrumental Variable Solution To An Extended Frisch Problem (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996