gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CED for an Interface Crack. 1st Report, Derivation of Fundamental Relatins. (1992)

The fracture parameter of an interface crack has yet to be established even for an elastic crack. The CED (crack energy density) was proposed as a crack parameter which enables us to be free from the restrictions on the constitutive equation, and it has been shown that it is applicable, in a unified way, to various kinds of crack behavior in a homogeneous material. Therefore, the CED may also be applicable to an interface crack. In this paper, the fundamentals of the CED for an interface crack are studied. The concrete definition of the CED for an interface crack is given first, and it is shown that the CED can be divided into mode I and mode II contributions that can be expressed by domain integrals without any restrictions on the constitutive equation. Subsequently, the relationships to the conventional crack parameters of the CED are derived. Moreover, the substantial mode I and mode II contributions of the energy release rate are introduced, and their correspondence to the mode I and mode II contributions of the CED is discussed.
2‐Hydroxytorularhodin, a New Xanthophyll from the Red Yeast Sporobolomyces coprosmae (2005)

Abstract A new hydroxylated carotenoic acid was isolated from the red yeast Sporobolomyces coprosmae and unambiguously identified as 2‐hydroxytorularhodin ( 1 ), i.e. , ( all‐E )‐3′,4′‐didehydro‐2‐hydroxy‐ β,ψ ‐caroten‐16′‐oic acid, by application of extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques (gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC, DQS, gTOCSY, and ROESY). Hydroxylation of carotenoids at C(2) is uncommon in nature, very rare in fungi, and unprecedented for torularhodin.
Abstract 251: Combining Ibrutinib with immune checkpoint blockade to induce therapeutic antitumor immune response in solid tumors (2015)

Abstract The ability of T-cell responses to effectively attack tumors is restricted by multiple negative checkpoint regulators. Monoclonal antibodies blocking negative regulators of T -cells, such as CTLA-4 and PD-L1 can amplify pre-existing immune responses and evoke new therapeutic responses. Ibrutinib (Imbruvica®), a covalent inhibitor of BTK has shown therapeutic efficacy in several blood cancers, by a mechanism thought to be a direct effect on a critical signaling pathway intrinsic to the malignant B cell. Since BTK is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, solid tumors have not been an obvious target of this drug. An additional target of ibrutinib is the inhibition of ITK, a key enzyme in the survival of Th2 T cells. It has been reported that ibrutinib can alter the balance of Th1 and Th2 T cells leading to enhanced immune responses. Here we report that the combination of ibrutinib and a-PD-L1 antibody suppresses tumor growth, reduces lung metastasis and improves survival of mice bearing solid tumors such as 4T1-triple negative breast cancer and CT26-colon cancer. Moreover, the combination of ibrutinib and a-PD-L1 was able to overcome ibrutinib resistance in mouse models of lymphoma and myeloma. We present evidence that the synergistic therapeutic activity of Ibrutinib with anti PD1 blockade results in enhanced T cell anti-tumor immune responses. In preclinical models, by combining inhibitory checkpoint blockade while shifting the immune response towards CD4 Th1 with ibrutinib, immune tolerance to tumors can be overcome. These results provide rationale for several newly planned clinical trials combining ibrutinib with PD-1 blockade in solid tumor and exploration of such a combination in hematologic malignancies. Citation Format: Idit Sagiv-Barfi, Holbrook Kohrt, Debra Czerwinski, Patrick Ng, Betty Chang, Ronald Levy. Combining Ibrutinib with immune checkpoint blockade to induce therapeutic antitumor immune response in solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 251. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-251
Dynamic variation in allele-specific gene expression of Paraoxonase-1 in murine and human tissues (2008)

Differential allelic expression has been shown to be common in mice, humans and maize, and variability in the expression of polymorphic alleles has been associated with human disease. Here, we describe the differential expression pattern of Paraoxonase-1, a gene involved in lipid metabolism and implicated in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. We measured the expression of the murine Paraoxonase-1 gene (Pon1) in livers at different stages of embryonic development using F1 hybrid crosses and quantified the transcriptional level of both parental alleles. Using human foetal tissues, we analysed the expression of the human orthologue (PON1) and found monoallelic or preferential allelic expression in 6/7 and 4/4 samples from liver and pancreas, respectively. We observed that Pon1 does not show a parent-of-origin preference in its allelic expression, but has dramatic variations in allele-specific expression occurring throughout development. This study has important repercussions in the analysis of haplotypes at disease loci, since it implies that the expression of polymorphic alleles can be unequal and dynamic.
Phase 1 first-in-human (FIH) study of nesvacumab (REGN910) a fully human and selective angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) monoclonal antibody (MAb): Results from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cohort. (2014)

2540 Background: Nesvacumab (N) is an Ang2 selective, human MAb that potently blocks signaling through the Tie2 receptor, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and growth. In mouse xenograft models of human solid tumors, N inhibits tumor growth. In the dose-escalation (DE) portion of this trial [JCO 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 2517)] anti-tumor activity (significant decline AFP) was observed in a patient (pt) with HCC, prompting expansion in this indication. Methods: Safety and anti-tumor activity are reported from all pts with HCC treated in the FIH trial in DE and expansion phases combined. In DE, single agent N was administered IV Q2W at 1 of 5 dose levels starting at 1 mg/kg; HCC expansion at 2 doses, 12, and 20 mg/kg Q2W, were studied. Results: 15 pts with HCC were enrolled: [11M/4F; median age 69 (range 24-82); ECOG PS 0=6/1=9; prior sorafenib 60%]. Dose levels were: 1 (n=1), 12 (n=6) and 20 mg/kg (n=8). Median number of doses administered was 8 (range 1-23). No pts experienced protocol defined DLTs. Most common adverse events (AEs) (all/related) were fatigue (8/5), diarrhea (5/0), decreased appetite (4/2), dizziness (4/0), nausea (4/2), abdominal pain (3/1), vomiting (3/1), back pain (3/0) and dyspnea (3/0); 9 grade ≥3 events reported in 7 pts, of which 3 events were assessed as treatment related: abdominal pain, infusion-related reaction, and retinal detachment, each reported in a single pt. One pt treated with 20 mg/kg experienced a non-severe lower GI bleed, assessed as not treatment related. No objective responses were observed. Two pts experienced a ≥ 50% decline in AFP (1 pt >90%). Nine of 15 pts achieved best response of SD (median duration 24 wks); 6 pts achieved SD for ≥ 20 wks. Notably, 5 of 8 pts treated at 20 mg/kg achieved best response of SD; median duration of 40 wks. Conclusions: Single-agent N up to 20mg/kg Q2W was generally tolerated in pts with HCC, with primarily mild and moderate AEs, independent of dose. SD occurred in 60% of pts across doses, with prolonged SD at highest dose. The safety profile supports combination with chemotherapy and/or other anti-angiogenic agents. Expansion in pts with HCC receiving N in addition to sorafenib is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01271972.
incidence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla in Slovenia (2004)

The root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, 1949 is one of the most harmful and most ubiquitous species in the genus Meloidogyne. It was detected very often in the greenhouses of northern Europe, but in the open field it is restricted to the southern parts of Europe. While this species has been recorded in almost all parts of the world and also in some parts of the former Yugoslavia, there is no data about its presence in Slovenia. M. incognita is able to parasitize about 700 plant hosts and varieties including the majority of economically important crops. In the late summer of 2002, nematodes of M. incognita were isolated from the roots of hot pepper plants, Capsicum annum L., from the greenhouse situated in Portorož at the Adriatic Coast, Slovenia. The nematode was morphologically identified as M. incognita and confirmed by isozyme gel electrophoresis (PhastSystem, Pharmacia). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita in Slovenia. Beside this finding, M. hapla was also found for the first time in the open field in Slovenia; until now it has been detected on different host plants grown only in greenhouses. In October 2002, M. hapla was isolated from galls of the sweet pepper grown in the open field in Ljubljana situated in the central part of Slovenia.
SPECT and PET Radiotracers in Renal Imaging (2022)

Diuretic scintigraphy includes single-photon emitting radiotracers for planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging as well as agents for positron emission tomography (PET). These radiotracers provide split-renal functional parameters, including glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, tubular function, and/or renal blood flow. Beyond measuring kidney function, the tracer principle also allows for the assessment of various pathophysiological processes in the renal parenchyma, for example ongoing inflammation, activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in patients with renovascular hypertension, deterioration of mitochondrial complex I following acute or chronic kidney injury, or characterization of indeterminate renal masses. Providing a whole-body read-out, PET also enables the assessment of kidney-organ interactions, for example cardiorenal crosstalk after primary cardiac injury. This manuscript provides an overview of established clinical applications for single-photon-emitting and PET radiotracers for renal radionuclide imaging. Future perspectives in the field will also be highlighted, such as introduction of PET-guided strategies for drug dose optimization and the recent introduction of radiotracers targeting fibroblast activation protein inhibition, which may allow differentiation between acute inflammatory vs chronic fibrosis in the kidneys.
Immobilization of Multi-Carbonyl Molecules on High Surface Area Carbon for Energy Storage Applications (2020)

The synthesis of diamino-aryl-1,4,5,8-naphtalenetetra-carboxylic diimide molecule (NTCDA-(aryl-NH 2 ) 2 ) was reported. This molecule was characterized by elemental analysis, SEM, IR and TGA. A organic Li-ion electrode with NTCDA-(aryl-NH 2 ) 2 as active material was tested and a reversible behavior was observed with a multiple electrons process delivering about 100 mAh.g -1 at an average potential of 2.45 V vs. Li/Li + . In parallel, the diazotization study of this molecule was investigated with a three-electrode assembly. Then, the electrochemical reduction of freshly formed NTCDA-(aryl-N 2 + ) 2 ions was followed by cyclic voltammetry experiments. An irreversible cathodic wave at around 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgNO 3 that is associated to the reduction of the in-situ generated NTCDA-(aryl-N 2 + ) 2 ions was observed. The blocking effect of the grafted layer deposited on the glassy carbon surface was verified with ferrocene as a redox probe. Finally, the immobilization of this molecule on Ketjen black carbon powder by spontaneous reduction of freshly formed NTCDA-(aryl-N 2 + ) 2 ions was realized in a one-pot reaction. The redox-active carbon with a loading of grafted groups estimated between 26.4 and 36.7 wt. %, depending of the method of modification, cycled at high rate for thousands of cycles.
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum, an unusual tachycardia etiology in a hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patient (2017)

"Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum, an unusual tachycardia etiology in a hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patient." Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 34(3), pp. 144–145
Fast vector diffraction calculation for embossed optical disks with arbitrary profiles (1996)

In the development of future higher density optical disks, it is quite important to determine quickly how the reconstructed signals change according to incident light polarization conditions and the profile shape of the optical disks. Current methods of vector diffraction calculation 1-4) for this purpose, however, seem to be possible only when there are several restrictions, such as rectangular profile 1-3) , one-dimensional profile 1) , perfect conductive material 1-3) or long computation time 4) . We have tried to offer a solution to this problem in this paper.
Solver For A Magnetic Equivalent Circuit And Modeling The Inrush Current Of A 3-Phase Transformer (2010)

Knowledge about the magnetic quantities in a magnetic circuit is always of great interest. On the one hand, this information is needed for the simulation of a transformer. On the other hand, parameter studies are more reliable, if the magnetic quantities are derived from a well established model. One possibility to model the 3-phase transformer is by using a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). Though this is a well known system, it is often not an easy task to set up such a model for a large number of lumped elements which additionally includes the nonlinear characteristic of the magnetic material. Here we show the setup of a solver for a MEC and the results of the calculation in comparison to measurements taken. The equations of the MEC are based on a rearranged system of the nodal analysis. Thus it is possible to achieve a minimum number of equations, and a clear and simple structure. Hence, it is uncomplicated in its handling and it supports the iteration process. Additional helpful tasks are implemented within the solver to enhance the performance. The electric circuit is described by an electric equivalent circuit (EEC). Our results for the 3-phase transformer demonstrate the computational efficiency of the solver, and show the benefit of the application of a MEC.
CRA-026440: a potent, broad-spectrum, hydroxamic histone deacetylase inhibitor with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo (2006)

CRA-026440 is a novel, broad-spectrum, hydroxamic acid-based inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that shows antitumor and antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo preclinically. CRA-026440 inhibited pure recombinant isozymes HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3/SMRT, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 in the nanomolar range. Treatment of cultured tumor cell lines grown in vitro with CRA-026440 resulted in the accumulation of acetylated histone and acetylated tubulin, leading to an inhibition of tumor cell growth and the induction of apoptosis. CRA-026440 inhibited ex vivo angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. CRA-026440 parenterally given to mice harboring HCT116 or U937 human tumor xenografts resulted in a statistically significant reduction in tumor growth. CRA-026440, when used in combination with Avastin, achieved greater preclinical efficacy in HCT 116 colorectal tumor model. Inhibition of tumor growth was accompanied by an increase in the acetylation of alpha-tubulin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and an alteration in the expression of many genes in the tumors, including several involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell growth. These results reveal CRA-026440 to be a novel HDAC inhibitor with potent antitumor activity.
Some Properties of Graft Copolymers (1978)

Abstract Some properties of poly(vinyl chloride)- g-polyisobutylene graft copolymers are reviewed. The heat stability of polyvinyl chloride)-g-polyisobutylene (PVC-g-PIB) is shown in Fig. 1. There is improvement in heat stability after grafting. We think that the removal of the variety of defect sites reduces the thermal sensitivity of this material. Another interesting observation was one which is difficult to express quantitatively. This was that the equipment after the experiment was extremely clean, with little, if any, cleaning necessary after completion of the extrusion experiment.
Generation of an MHC Class II-Restricted T Cell Epitope by Extracellular Processing of Hepatitis δ Antigen (1998)

Abstract Hepatitis δ virus is a human pathogen that is responsible for a severe form of hepatitis affecting hepatitis B envelope Ag carriers. We have previously identified a series of hepatitis δ Ag (HDAg) epitopes that are recognized by CD4+ T cell clones isolated from infected subjects. Herein, we show that the presentation of soluble HDAg to CD4+ T cell clones that are specific for the HDAg(106–121) epitope was exceptionally unaffected by the inhibition of the APC-processing machinery when APCs were fixed with glutaraldehyde before Ag pulsing or treated with chloroquine or brefeldin A. Interestingly, 5 h of pulsing was strictly required for the efficient presentation of the HDAg(106–121) epitope by fixed APCs, suggesting that some form of extracellular processing had occurred. Indeed, fixed APCs were able to present HDAg after only 1 h of pulsing when HDAg was preincubated with serum for 5 h. More important, presentation was completely abrogated when Ag was previously incubated in medium containing serum in the presence of a potent inhibitor of trypsin activity such as the secretory leukoprotease inhibitor. These results show that HDAg may undergo extracellular processing and suggest that the generation of immunogenic epitopes directly by serum proteases could play a role in the immune response against hepatitis δ virus during infection.
Dalla cittŕ conclusa alla cittŕ inconclusa (2009)

- This paper aims to combine communication and urban issues, moving from the concepts of identity and culture. The becoming of the city is the key of this work; in particular, city is seen as shifting from something finished and defined to something immaterial, whose borders are continuously changing. The Fordist city and its industrial production concentrated around industry are just a memory. The places which once hosted machines and workers has become locations for culture and loisir. Several consequences are implied in such trend: the emerging of the spatial concept of "periurban", and of some places as change symbols of the social morphology of the city: airports, highways, shopping malls. In the past, geographers and urban planners felt the urge to individuate borders and limits to the city; today, flexibility seems the prominent characteristic of such "new" places; in other words, flexibility is one of the most requested elements of periurban areas, which are trying to escape as much as possible from a regulated urban planning. Key words: sprawl, unfinished city, CID (Common Interest Developments), periurban.
Data from A 10-Gene Classifier for Distinguishing Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The risk of developing metastatic squamous cell carcinoma for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is very high. Because these patients are often heavy tobacco users, they are also at risk for developing a second primary cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LSCC) being the most common. The distinction between a lung metastasis and a primary LSCC is currently based on certain clinical and histologic criteria, although the accuracy of this approach remains in question.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Gene expression patterns derived from 28 patients with HNSCC or LSCC from a single center were analyzed using penalized discriminant analysis. Validation was done on previously published data for 134 total subjects from four independent Affymetrix data sets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified a panel of 10 genes (&lt;i&gt;CXCL13, COL6A2, SFTPB, KRT14, TSPYL5, TMP3, KLK10, MMP1, GAS1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;MYH2&lt;/i&gt;) that accurately distinguished these two tumor types. This 10-gene classifier was validated on 122 subjects derived from four independent data sets and an average accuracy of 96% was shown. Gene expression values were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR derived on 12 independent samples (seven HNSCC and five LSCC). The 10-gene classifier was also used to determine the site of origin of 12 lung lesions from patients with prior HNSCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The results suggest that penalized discriminant analysis using these 10 genes will be highly accurate in determining the origin of squamous cell carcinomas in the lungs of patients with previous head and neck malignancies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Knowledge-based mechanical imaging (2002)

Mechanical imaging (MI) is a new modality of medical imaging, mimicking palpatory diagnostics. MI provides a 3D reconstruction of the internal structures of body soft tissues using measurements of stress patterns on the surface of the investigated tissue. In contrast to other, existing methods of medical imaging which use sophisticated hardware such as superconductive magnets, expensive X-ray equipment and complex ultrasonic phased arrays, MI hardware consists of inexpensive mechanical sensors and a positioning system connected to a PC. The results of our pilot studies have proven the feasibility of the MI technology. Currently, devices for the MI of the prostate gland and breast are being developed. Recently, the first 3D MI of in-vivo prostate has been obtained. Preliminary data strongly suggest that MI technology is an efficient means of objectively evaluating and imaging the prostate, and of detecting prostate cancer.
Tissue Engineering of the Lymphatic System (2002)

The field of tissue engineering has seen tremendous expansion in the last decade. In the last several years, tissue-engineering strategies to treat diseases of skin, cartilage, bone, bladder, blood vessel, tendon, and other tissues have been described. However, tissue-engineering approaches to treat diseases of the lymphatic system are currently nonexistent. We propose that acellular tissues, either native or engineered, could be exploited as a platform for the study of lymphatic biology, and for lymphatic tissue engineering. While speculative, this type of experimental model system could prove powerful for dissecting molecular and cellular events surrounding tumor invasion of lymphatics, as well as lymphangiogenesis. Scaffolds seeded with genetically engineered lymphatic cells could also be implanted to repopulate lymphatic vasculature. In the future, the lymphatic system will surely be added to the list of tissues and organs that prove amenable to tissue-engineering therapies.
Table S1 from A New Class of Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Potent DNA Alkylating Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect of substitution of an indolino moiety (6) for a pyrrolo group (SJG-136) on in vitro potency&lt;/p&gt;
Junction and carrier temperature measurements in deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using three different methods (2005)

The junction temperature of AlGaN ultraviolet light-emitting diodes emitting at 295nm is measured by using the temperature coefficients of the diode forward voltage and emission peak energy. The high-energy slope of the spectrum is explored to measure the carrier temperature. A linear relation between junction temperature and current is found. Analysis of the experimental methods reveals that the diode-forward voltage is the most accurate (±3°C). A theoretical model for the dependence of the diode forward voltage (Vf) on junction temperature (Tj) is developed that takes into account the temperature dependence of the energy gap. A thermal resistance of 87.6K∕W is obtained with the device mounted with thermal paste on a heat sink.