gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ORGANS OF THE RAT AND MOUSE AFTER INJECTION OF l-[3H]PROLYL-l-LEUCYL-GLYCINAMIDE (1975)

The distribution of radioactivity after intrajugular injection of L-(3H)-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide has been studied by whole-body autoradiography in the mouse and by direct measurement of radioactivity in individual organs of the rat. There is good agreement between results obtained with the two techniques and animal species. High levels of radioactivity were found in the pineal gland, anterior pituitary, posterior (including intermediate) lobe of the pituitary, and epididymal and brown fat. Lower uptake of radioactivity occurred in the submaxillary gland, kidney, and adrenal gland. The preferential uptake of radioactivity by the pineal gland after injection of the labelled tripeptide suggests a role for this hypothalamic hormone in the control of pineal activity.
The Effects of Modification of the COOH-terminal Regions of Bovine Thyrotropin and Its Subunits (1973)

Abstract Removal of a limited number of amino acid residues at the COOH termini of the peptide chains of the glycoprotein hormone, thyrotropin (TSH) shows that the integrity of these regions is important both in subunit-subunit interactions and in vivo biological response. Treatment of the native hormone with a mixture of carboxypeptidases A and B leads to loss of half of the biological activity with the removal of -Lys-Ser-COOH from the α chain and -Tyr-Met-COOH from the β chain. No other alterations to the molecule were detected. Although modification of the hormone does not lead to detectable dissociation, once separated the subunits isolated from the modified hormone do not recombine. The treated β subunit will, however, recombine with native α subunit as judged by gel electrophoresis but no biological activity is recovered. Treatment of isolated subunits leads to further and well defined hydrolysis at their COOH termini with -Tyr-Tyr-Lys-Ser-COOH removed from the α chain and -Lys-Ser-Tyr-Met-COOH removed from the β. Significant recombinations of these materials with each other or native TSH-α and TSH-β did not occur (as expected from the results with the subunits from treated hormone) but both TSH-α and luteinizing hormone (LH)-α after enzymic hydrolysis yielded recombinants, though inactive, with native LH-β. These data indicate significant differences in the regions of the two hormone specific subunits which are in contact with the α subunit. Immunological cross reactivity of all products of enzymatic treatment appears unchanged. Measurement of circular dichroism showed conformational changes resulting from the alterations at the COOH termini only in the case of the α subunit where a strong positive band at 235 to 240 nm decreased markedly after treatment with the carboxypeptidases. Comparisons of the circular dichroism spectra of intact TSH and its subunits and those of luteinizing hormone (LH) were also made. The spectrum of intact TSH was not the sum of the spectra of its corresponding α and β subunits, in agreement with data reported by others for LH, and was very similar to that of bovine LH with the addition of a large maximum at 230 to 240 nm which results from the high tyrosine content of TSH-β versus LH-β.
One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Narrow-Band Defect Modes Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing (2022)

One-dimensional photonic crystals incorporating a defect layer were fabricated using two-photon polymerization. The introduction of a defect layer induced a narrow transmission band within the photonic bandgap. Fabrication, characterization, as well as potential applications of these photonic crystals are presented and discussed.
Comparative Analysis of Single and Combined Hybrid Electrically Variable Transmission Operating Modes (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Electrically variable transmissions divide power between the electrical and mechanical paths using input, output, or compound split schemes. When combined with an electrical energy storage element such as a battery, these systems allow numerous fuel saving and performance benefits. This paper examines the design tradeoffs in each of the three topologies in order to balance fuel economy, system performance against requirements, and electrical component size. A general EVT analysis method is presented and used to study the fuel economy and performance sensitivity of the three configurations to motor, inverter, and battery constraints, and planetary gear ratios. To evaluate fuel economy, the three systems are assessed for each of the primary fuel economy mechanisms enabled by hybridization. To evaluate performance tradeoffs, system performance against typical vehicle performance design points is compared. The effects of combining two modes that are optimized for individual speed ranges vs. a single mode covering all ranges are also discussed. The use of 2 modes provides significant advantages over a single mode design including reduced motor power for a given vehicle performance.&lt;/div&gt;
Safe and Low-Cost Lithium-Ion Battery Management System Developed for Aircraft Applications (2021)

As the world transitions to a more electrical society, the utilization of larger and more powerful battery packs, especially of the lithium-ion cell chemistry, is becoming much more commonplace. For example, recent technological advances in modern aircraft have resulted in complex power systems that require massive electrical power loads for longer periods of operation time. In order to maintain safe operation of these aircraft, the internal battery pack should contain its own active battery management system (BMS). In this paper, optimal methods for development of a safe, low-cost lithium-ion BMS (using the MATLAB & Simulink software) will be outlined. A cell parameter estimation technique will be tested using pulse discharge lab tests in order to improve the dynamic model of the actual battery pack. In addition, Kalman Filtering (KF) algorithms will be compared against traditional coulomb counting in order to more effectively monitor the SOC/SOH of Li-Ion cells in a battery pack.
Object-Oriented Query Optimization: What''s the Problem? (1991)

An object-oriented database model can support features such as abstract data types, methods, encapsulation, subtyping (or inheritance), complex structures, and object identity. The processing of queries in such a model also entails support for these features. Query optimization will require new techniques for supporting the object-oriented features. Although many of the problems that must be solved by an object-oriented query optimizer are similar to problems solved by relational and extensible optimizers, there are also many problems that are unique to the object-oriented model. In this paper we explore some of the problems that are encountered when trying to optimize queries in an object-oriented database. We present these problems in the context of the modeling constructs which generate the problem. We also survey current approaches to solving some of these problems and discuss problems that are not addressed by these approaches.
Increasing light extraction of a substrate emitting OLED using a 2D surface grating (2006)

We present simulation and experimental results to achieve increased light extraction of a substrate emitting OLED. A 2D grating located at the glass-air interface experimentally gives a relative improvement of approx. 30 %
Cost-effective approach to large-scale synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (2007)

Well crystalline cobalt ferrite CoFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> nanoparticles (50-100 nm) were produced using carbon combustion synthesis of oxides (CCSO). In this process the exothermic oxidation of carbon generates a thermal reaction wave that propagates at a velocity of 0.1-3 mm/s through the solid reactant mixture of cobalt and iron oxides converting it to the cobalt ferrite without any external power consumption. This will enable a reduction in the production price of cobalt ferrite by minimization of the energy consumption. The combustion temperature can be set by proper choice of the amount of carbon added to the mixture of solid reactants. The extensive emission of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> enhanced the porosity and friability of product. The as-synthesized ferrites had hard magnetic properties with coercivity 700 Oe and saturation magnetization up to 47 emu/g.
Synthesis of Santiagonamine (2007)

The first total synthesis of santiagonamine (1) is achieved in 12 steps from isovanillin. A palladium-catalyzed Ullmann cross-coupling reaction and a photocyclization are the key steps in the synthesis.
Effects of wet vibro-milling on the polymorphic conversion of aragonite into calcite (1980)

Pure synthetic aragonite and calcite, the latter obtained by heating the former, were vibro-milled in cyclohexane. Aragonite was partially converted into calcite on wet vibro-milling, whereas calcite was not transformed into aragonite. The rate of conversion of aragonite into calcite on heating at 420 °C in air was markedly increased by preliminary vibro-milling. In contrast to the situation for γ-Fe2O3, the increase in the rate of transformation on vibro-milling is mainly attributed to the increase in the number of nucleation sites.
DCLK1 regulates LIN28B via let-<i>7a</i>. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;A, siRNA-mediated knockdown of DCLK1 in tumor xenografts results in increased expression of &lt;i&gt;pri-let-7a&lt;/i&gt; miRNA. B, Following the knockdown of DCLK1, a decrease in &lt;i&gt;miR-let7a&lt;/i&gt; dependent luciferase activity was observed in AsPC-1 cells. C, LIN28B mRNA downstream target of let-&lt;i&gt;7a&lt;/i&gt; was downregulated in tumors treated with NPsiDCLK1. Values in the bar graphs are given as average ± SEM, and asterisks denote statistically significant differences (*&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) compared with Control (NP alone).&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of Technology Options for Software-Defined Transceivers in Fixed WDM Grid versus Flexible WDM Grid Optical Transport Networks (2013)

Spectrum-efficient optical transmission with bitrates of 400 Gb/s and beyond can be achieved using flexible modulation with advanced DSPs. The technology options include modulation format, signal baud rate, number of subcarriers, and spectral bandwidth. A fine-granular spectral bandwidth requires a flexible WDM grid as recently defined by ITU-T. Transmission of a signal with multiple optical carriers, each potentially with their own set of modulation options, allows bandwidth-variable multi-flow transceivers. This can reduce the spectrum continuity constraint in the network. At the network layer, these new degrees of freedom create additional levels of complexity and constraints during network design, planning and operation. Which modulation constellation should be chosen for a new optical connection? What are the impacts on transmission reach, spectrum continuity constraints, and network utilization? Routing and spectrum assignment is becoming more complex, and the inevitable spectrum fragmentation reduces the spectral efficiency gained though efficient modulation schemes. Dynamic spectrum defragmentation requires transceivers supporting hitless defragmentation, or it is traffic affecting for the reallocated signals. The sheer number of technology options will increase the operational complexity of the network. In this paper, we give an overview of technology options for software-defined transceivers for fixed-grid and flex-grid optical transport networks, and their impact for network planning and operation. We evaluate the spectral network efficiency, and operational complexity of selected technology options, such as multi-carrier transmission in fixed WDM grid, bandwidth-variable transponders with multiple subcarriers in a flexible WDM grid, and fully flexible multi-flow transponders. The evaluation is done based on a network planning study on a national European and US reference network. Based on the evaluation result, a guideline is given for a technology strategy with a good balance between flexibility, spectrum efficiency, and network cost.
Smart Nanocages as a Tool for Controlling Supramolecular Aggregation (2021)

An important aspect in the field of supramolecular chemistry is the control of the composition and aggregation state of supramolecular polymers and the possibility of stabilizing out-of-equilibrium states. The ability to freeze metastable systems and release them on demand, under spatiotemporal control, to allow their thermodynamic evolution toward the most stable species is a very attractive concept. Such temporal blockage could be realized using stimuli-responsive "boxes" able to trap and redirect supramolecular polymers. In this work, we report the use of a redox responsive nanocontainer, an organosilica nanocage (<b>OSCs</b>), for controlling the dynamic self-assembly pathway of supramolecular aggregates of a luminescent platinum compound (<b>Pt<sub>AC</sub></b>). The aggregation of the complexes leads to different photoluminescent properties that allow visualization of the different assemblies and their evolution. We discovered that the nanocontainers can encapsulate kinetically trapped species characterized by an orange emission, preventing their evolution into the thermodynamically stable aggregation state characterized by blue-emitting fibers. Interestingly, the out-of-equilibrium trapped Pt species (<b>Pt<sub>AC</sub>@OSCs</b>) can be released on demand by the redox-triggered degradation of <b>OSCs</b>, re-establishing their self-assembly toward the thermodynamically stable state. To demonstrate that control of the self-assembly pathway occurs also in complex media, we followed the evolution of the supramolecular aggregates inside living cells, where the destruction of the cages allows the intracellular release of <b>Pt<sub>AC</sub></b> aggregates, followed by the formation of microscopic blue emitting fibers. Our approach highlights the importance of "ondemand" confinement as a tool to temporally stabilize transient species which modulate complex self-assembly pathways in supramolecular polymerization.
Spatial shrinkage via the product independent Gaussian process prior (2018)

We study the problem of sparse signal detection on a spatial domain. We propose a novel approach to model continuous signals that are sparse and piecewise smooth as product of independent Gaussian processes (PING) with a smooth covariance kernel. The smoothness of the PING process is ensured by the smoothness of the covariance kernels of Gaussian components in the product, and sparsity is controlled by the number of components. The bivariate kurtosis of the PING process shows more components in the product results in thicker tail and sharper peak at zero. The simulation results demonstrate the improvement in estimation using the PING prior over Gaussian process (GP) prior for different image regressions. We apply our method to a longitudinal MRI dataset to detect the regions that are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) in the greatest magnitude through an image-on-scalar regression model. Due to huge dimensionality of these images, we transform the data into the spectral domain and develop methods to conduct computation in this domain. In our MS imaging study, the estimates from the PING model are more informative than those from the GP model.
Metachronous liver metastasis after curative gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma (2014)

The prognosis of patients with liver metastasis from gastric cancer is poor and the optimal treatment remains undetermined. This study identified prognostic factors for survival of patients with metachronous liver metastasis with no other metastatic site after gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer. We also evaluated the clinical impact of hepatic resection. Methods: Between 1997 and 2013, 19,588 curative gastrectomies for gastric adenocarcinoma were performed and 52 patients were diagnosed with metastasis to only the liver. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic factors of these patients.
Fast-decay-time scintillation of LaF<inf>3</inf>:Ce colloidal nanocrystals (2008)

Positron emission tomography requires high-brightness fast-decay scintillators for coincidence counting of positron annihilation events. We demonstrate that LaF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> :Ce nanocrystals show promising characteristics for that application. Scintillation response and photoluminescence lifetime below 27 ns are measured.
Trace-Driven Network Path Emulation (2002)

This paper reports on on-going work where a trace-driven approach to network path emulation is investigated. Time stamped probe packets are sent along a network path whereby a probe packet trace can be generated. It basically contains the send times and the one-way delays/loss indications of the probe packets. Inside the emulator, the probe packet trace is used by a loss model and a delay model. These determine if a packet should be dropped or what the delay of the packet should be. Three loss models and three delay models are evaluated. For non-responsive UDP-based flows, the trace-driven loss and delay models that determine loss and delay based on loss-rates and delay distribution parameters calculated across the probe packet trace using a small gliding window are found to perform best. For adaptive TCP flows, none of the evaluated trace-driven models performs well. Instead, the Bernoulli loss model and an independent average delay model performs best.
Pulsed-Dye Laser Fragmentation of Urinary and Biliary Calculi In Vitro (1990)

The relative fragility of urinary and biliary calculi of different chemical compositions in response to the pulsed-dye laser was studied in vitro. Urinary calculi received 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 pulses. Biliary calculi received 500, 1000, and 1500 pulses. Cystine and calcium oxalate monohydrate stones were the least fragile, followed by calcium phosphate dihydrate, uric acid, struvite, and calcium oxalate dihydrate. Mixed-pigment cholesterol calculi were easier to fragment than 100% cholesterol calculi, and all biliary calculi fragmented with fewer pulses than were necessary for urinary stones. An induction phase was observed in all the calculi tested, followed by a phase of rapid fragmentation. Physical factors that may enhance the fragmentation of calculi in response to the pulsed-dye laser are discussed.
Automating the analysis of voting systems (2005)

Voting is a well-known technique to combine the decisions of peer experts. It is used in fault tolerant applications to mask errors from one or more experts using n-modular redundancy (NMR) and n-version programming. Voting strategies include: majority, weighted voting, plurality; instance runoff voting, threshold voting, and the more general weighted k-out-of-n systems. Before selecting a voting schema for a particular application, we have to understand the various tradeoffs and parameters and how they impact the correctness, reliability, and confidence in the final decision made by a voting system. In this paper, we propose an enumerated simulation approach to automate the behavior analysis of voting schemas with application to majority and plurality voting. We conduct synthetic studies using a simulator that we develop to analyze results from each expert, apply a voting mechanism, and analyze the voting results. The simulator builds a decision tree and uses a depth-first traversal algorithm to obtain the system reliability among other factors. We define and study the following behaviors: 1) the probability of reaching a consensus, "Pc"; 2) reliability of the voting system, "R"; 3) certainly index, "T"; and 4) the confidence index, "C". The parameters controlling the analysis are the number of participating experts, the number of possible output symbols that can be produced by an expert, the probability distribution of each expert's output, and the voting schema. The paper presents an enumerated simulation approach for analyzing voting systems which can be used when the use of theoretical models are challenged by dependencies between experts or uncommon probability distributions of the expert's output.
Enhanced verification by temporal decomposition (2009)

This paper addresses the presence of logic which has relevance only during initial time frames in a hardware design. We examine transient logic in the form of signals which settle to deterministic constants after some prefix number of time frames, as well as primary inputs used to enumerate complex initial states which thereafter become irrelevant. Experience shows that a large percentage of hardware designs (industrial and benchmarks) have such logic, and this creates overhead in the overall verification process. In this paper, we present automated techniques to detect and eliminate such irrelevant logic, enabling verification efficiencies in terms of greater logic reductions, deeper Bounded Model Checking (BMC), and enhanced proof capability using induction and interpolation.
Molecular dynamics simulations and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of C–H bond order parameters and effective correlation times in a POPC-GM3 bilayer (2022)

Glycolipids such as gangliosides affect the properties of lipid membranes and in extension the interactions between membranes and other biomolecules like proteins. To better understand how the properties of individual lipid molecules can contribute to shape the functional aspects of a membrane, the spatial restriction and dynamics of C-H bond segments can be measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We combine solid-state NMR spectroscopy with all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how ganglioside GM3 affects the bilayer structure and dynamics of C-H bond segments. These two methods yield reorientational correlation functions, molecular profiles of C-H bond order parameters |<i>S</i><sub>CH</sub>| and effective correlation times <i>τ</i><sub>e</sub>, which we compare for lipids in POPC bilayers with and without 30 mol% GM3. Our results revealed that all C-H segments of POPC reorient slower in the presence of GM3 and that the defining features of the GM3-POPC bilayer lie in the GM3 headgroup; it gives the bilayer an extended headgroup layer with high order (|<i>S</i><sub>CH</sub>| up to 0.3-0.4) and slow dynamics (<i>τ</i><sub>e</sub> up to 100 ns), a character that may be mechanistically important in ganglioside interactions with other biomolecules.
Dextrous manipulation of a micropart with multiple compliant probes through visual force feedback (2011)

In our recent work, we have demonstrated effectiveness of the concept of multi-probe microassembly for manipulating and inserting microscale, sub-millimeter, parts to create three-dimensional microstructures. However, the approach has been based on trial-and-error manual teaching of grasp points to ensure a stable grasp during motion. As a result, the part orientation is restricted (nearly aligned with the world reference frame and lying flat) to ensure successful grasping and manipulation. In this paper, we developed a kinematics based hybrid motion and force control based only on vision feedback. We first conduct a systematic analysis of the bending of the probes while they are in contact with the part, to estimate the grasp force based on the vision feedback of the probe configuration. A Jacobian based controller is then used for position manipulation while maintaining the desired squeeze force. Experimental results with two probes and two camera are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller to move the part to specified position and orientation while maintaining sufficient squeeze force to prevent part slippage.