gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Timing-dependent effects of salicylic acid treatment on phytohormonal changes, ROS regulation, and antioxidant defense in salinized barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2020)

Cross-talk between exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and endogenous phytohormone pathways affects the antioxidant defense system and its response to salt stress. The study presented here investigated the effects of SA treatment before and during salt stress on the levels of endogenous plant growth regulators in three barley cultivars with different salinity tolerances: Hordeum vulgare L. cvs. Akhisar (sensitive), Erginel (moderate), and Kalaycı (tolerant). The cultivars' relative leaf water contents, growth parameters, proline contents, chlorophyll a/b ratios, and lipid peroxidation levels were measured, along with the activities of enzymes involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide-dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase, and glutathione-reductase. In addition, levels of several endogenous phytohormones (indole-3-acetic-acid, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) were measured. Barley is known to be more salt tolerant than related plant species. Accordingly, none of the studied cultivars exhibited changes in membrane lipid peroxidation under salt stress. However, they responded differently to salt-stress with respect to their accumulation of phytohormones and antioxidant enzyme activity. The strongest and weakest increases in ABA and proline accumulation were observed in Kalaycı and Akhisar, respectively, suggesting that salt-stress was more effectively managed in Kalaycı. The effects of exogenous SA treatment depended on both the timing of the treatment and the cultivar to which it was applied. In general, however, where SA helped mitigate salt stress, it appeared to do so by increasing ROS scavenging capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. SA treatment also induced changes in phytohormone levels, presumably as a consequence of SA-phytohormone salt-stress cross-talk.
Sequential Organization from an Ecological Perspective (2009)

Argues that auditory streaming is a natural and useful response to the problem of acoustic scene analysis.
Abstract LB-19: The Smac mimetic LBW242 induces apoptosis in melanoma in a TLR-3-dependent and TNFR-independent manner (2011)

Abstract Toll-like Receptor-3 (TLR-3), a pattern recognition receptor family member, has been shown to activate immune system pathways; however, it has also been shown to induce apoptosis in certain cancer cells. Combination of the synthetic TLR-3 ligand, poly I:C, with the Smac mimetic LBW242, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist, has been shown to potently induce apoptosis in melanoma cells which are insensitive to either single agent. To better elucidate the mechanism responsible for this combination induced cell death, we performed a pooled shRNA screen. We identified receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) and as an important component of this process. Constitutive knockdown of RIPK1 prevents the LBW242 and poly I:C combination induced apoptosis. The IAP proteins cIAP1 and cIAP2 have been shown previously to regulate Caspase-8 activation downstream of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 (TNFR1). Interestingly, we found that the combination induced apoptosis was independent of TNF signaling. Utilizing both gain of function and loss of function studies, we found that expression of TLR-3 is necessary for the combination induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. Taken together, our data indicate that the combination of the Smac mimetic LBW242 and TLR-3 agonist poly I:C induces a novel type of TLR-3 dependent apoptosis in melanoma cells that is independent of TNFR1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-19. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-19
Tricyclic Azaergoline Analogues: Synthesis, Structural Modifications, and Pharmacological Studies (1992)

As an extension of previous investigations on synthesis and dopamine autoreceptor activity of bicyclic ergoline analogues the tricyclic azaergoline analogues 9a and 9b were synthesized. Furthermore, the geometry of the aromatic beta-ethylamine moiety of 9a,b was modified by stereoselective construction of the cycloheptenyl fused pyrazolopyridine derivative 7 and the aminomethyl substituted tricycle 10. Binding affinity of these compounds at dopamine (DA) receptor sites was investigated employing rat striatum homogenate: The compounds reveal modest to weak, but selective binding to a dopamine D-2 receptor when it is labelled with the DA-autoreceptor agonist [3H]-SND 919. In vivo studies with mice showed that 7, 9a,b, and 10 affect their CNS activity.
Collaborative Filtering Method for Handling Diverse and Repetitive User-Item Interactions (2018)

Most collaborative filtering models assume that the interaction of users with items take a single form, e.g., only ratings or clicks or views. In fact, in most real-life recommendation scenarios, users interact with items in diverse ways. This in turn, generates complex usage data that contains multiple and diverse types of user feedback. In addition, within such a complex data setting, each user-item pair may occur more than once, implying on repetitive preferential user behaviors. In this work we tackle the problem of building a Collaborative Filtering model that takes into account such complex datasets. We propose a novel factor model, CDMF, that is capable of incorporating arbitrary and diverse feedback types without any prior domain knowledge. Moreover, CDMF is inherently capable of considering user-item repetitions. We evaluate CDMF against stateof- the-art methods with highly favorable results.
Large Eddy Simulation of Flame Response to Transverse Acoustic Excitation in a Model Reheat Combustor (2013)

The response of a perfectly premixed, turbulent jet flame at elevated inflow temperature to high frequency flow perturbations is investigated. A generic reheat burner geometry is considered, where the spatial distribution of heat release is controlled by autoignition in the jet core on the one hand, and kinematic balance between flow and flame propagation in the shear layers between the jet and the external recirculation zones on the other. To model autoignition and heat release in compressible turbulent flow, a progress variable/stochastic fields formulation adapted for the LES context is used. Flow field perturbations corresponding to transverse acoustic modes are imposed by harmonic excitation of velocity at the combustor boundaries. Simulations with single-frequency excitation are carried out in order to study the flame response to transverse fluctuations of velocity. Heat release fluctuations are observed predominantly in the shear layers, where flame propagation is important. The flow-flame coupling in these regions is analyzed in detail with a filter-based postprocessing approach, invoking a local Rayleigh index and providing insight into the interactions of flame wrinkling by vorticity and convection due to mean and fluctuating velocity.
Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 from Dll4 Blockade in Stromal Cells Mediates Antitumor Effects in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1: Dll4 Ab REGN421 binds human and monkey Dll4 with high affinity Supplementary Table S2: Combined blockade of Dll4 and VEGF signaling results in enhanced inhibition of A2780 ovarian tumors&lt;/p&gt;
An Efficient Algorithm for Solving the Downlink Beamforming Problem with Indefinite Constraints (2006)

By imposing additional constraints in the downlink beamforming optimization, more general quality of service (QoS) measures than the average signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) alone, can be introduced. Herein a rapidly converging algorithm solving the downlink beamforming problem with additional indefinite quadratic constraints on the beamforming vector is presented. The proposed algorithm is significantly faster than the previously proposed solution, which involves semidefinite programming. Also, the algorithm is easy to implement, since it only involves eigenvalue problems.
Pheochromocytoma in Children and Adolescents With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B (2018)

Undiagnosed PHEO can be associated with substantial morbidity. Current American Thyroid Association guidelines recommend PHEO screening starting at age 11 for the high-/highest risk group. The youngest patient diagnosed with PHEO in our cohort was an asymptomatic 10-year-old, suggesting that PHEO development may begin before the screening-recommended age of 11, though remains clinically undetectable and thus the current screening guidelines seem appropriate.
Modular Proteoglycan Perlecan/HSPG2: Mutations, Phenotypes, and Functions (2018)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (<i>HSPG2</i>) is an essential, highly conserved gene whose expression influences many developmental processes including the formation of the heart and brain. The gene is widely expressed throughout the musculoskeletal system including cartilage, bone marrow and skeletal muscle. The <i>HSPG2</i> gene product, perlecan is a multifunctional proteoglycan that preserves the integrity of extracellular matrices, patrols tissue borders, and controls various signaling pathways affecting cellular phenotype. Given <i>HSPG2</i>'s expression pattern and its role in so many fundamental processes, it is not surprising that relatively few gene mutations have been identified in viable organisms. Mutations to the perlecan gene are rare, with effects ranging from a relatively mild condition to a more severe and perinatally lethal form. This review will summarize the important studies characterizing mutations and variants of <i>HSPG2</i> and discuss how these genomic modifications affect expression, function and phenotype. Additionally, this review will describe the clinical findings of reported <i>HSPG2</i> mutations and their observed phenotypes. Finally, the evolutionary aspects that link gene integrity to function are discussed, including key findings from both in vivo animal studies and in vitro systems. We also hope to facilitate discussion about perlecan/<i>HSPG2</i> and its role in normal physiology, to explain how mutation can lead to pathology, and to point out how this information can suggest pathways for future mechanistic studies.
Macula densa Cells of Mouse Kidney Do Not Synthesize Epidermal Growth Factor Precursor mRNA (1990)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has previously been found in cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) and the first part of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of mouse kidney. To define the cellular localization of the mRNA that encodes the protein precursor of EGF, we used high-resolution in situ hybridization. EGF precursor cDNA was hybridized to both paraffin-embedded and frozen sections of mouse kidney. EGF precursor mRNA was detected in cells comprising the TALH and the first part of the DCT. In contrast, tubular cells in the macula densa did not express this specific mRNA. The results indicate that expression of the EGF precursor gene is restricted to specific types of cells in the distal nephron.
Ultrahigh-numerical-aperture imaging concentrator (1997)

A monochromatic analysis of the RX nonimaging concentrators as imaging optical systems is presented (R stands for refractive, X for reflective). All of them have rotational symmetry and an image-side numerical aperture of 1.46 with the use of an index of refraction n′=1.5, which means a half-rim angle of illumination of 77 deg. This is equivalent to 95% of the theoretical limit of concentration. For an object-side focal length of f=17.1 mm (i.e., an entry aperture diameter of 50 mm) and a wavelength λ=950 nm, the RX has an equivalent passband above 32 mm-1 in a field of view of ±3.2 deg and above 19 mm-1 in a field of view of ±4.8 deg. This feature of RX concentrators allows one to use the same RX with receivers/emitters very different from the one of the design presented (in size and contour shape) with no loss of nonimaging quality. Moreover, the combination of simplicity, compactness, imaging capability, and high concentration makes the RX an exceptionally good optical device for high-sensitivity focal plane array applications.
MAGE-A, mMage-b, and MAGE-C Proteins Form Complexes with KAP1 and Suppress p53-Dependent Apoptosis in MAGE-Positive Cell Lines (2007)

The MAGE-A, MAGE-B, and MAGE-C protein families comprise the class-I MAGE/cancer testes antigens, a group of highly homologous proteins whose expression is suppressed in all normal tissues except developing sperm. Aberrant expression of class I MAGE proteins occurs in melanomas and many other malignancies, and MAGE proteins have long been recognized as tumor-specific targets; however, their functions have largely been unknown. Here, we show that suppression of class I MAGE proteins induces apoptosis in the Hs-294T, A375, and S91 MAGE-positive melanoma cell lines and that members of all three families of MAGE class I proteins form complexes with KAP1, a scaffolding protein that is known as a corepressor of p53 expression and function. In addition to inducing apoptosis, MAGE suppression decreases KAP1 complexing with p53, increases immunoreactive and acetylated p53, and activates a p53 responsive reporter gene. Suppression of class I MAGE proteins also induces apoptosis in MAGE-A-positive, p53wt/wt parental HCT 116 colon cancer cells but not in a MAGE-A-positive HCT 116 p53-/- variant, indicating that MAGE suppression of apoptosis requires p53. Finally, treatment with MAGE-specific small interfering RNA suppresses S91 melanoma growth in vivo, in syngenic DBA2 mice. Thus, class I MAGE protein expression may suppress apoptosis by suppressing p53 and may actively contribute to the development of malignancies and by promoting tumor survival. Because the expression of class I MAGE proteins is limited in normal tissues, inhibition of MAGE antigen expression or function represents a novel and specific treatment for melanoma and diverse malignancies.
Hemodynamics of Cardiac Pacing: Optimization and Programming to Enhance Cardiac Function (2012)

The maintenance of adequate cardiac output during both rest and stress is determined by a complex interaction between cardiac contraction and relaxation, itself dependent on a normal sequence of cardiac activation on account of its interface through excitation–contraction coupling. Studying the effects of various conduction abnormalities on this relationship is central to understanding how pacing can restore as well as alter cardiac hemodynamics, with both negative and positive impacts on morbidity and mortality. This chapter discusses the hemodynamic determinants of effective pacemaker function, including pacing site, atrial conduction delay, atrioventricular and ventriculoatrial conduction, and the various pacing modes, as well as how to best optimize the hemodynamic response to pacing. Also discussed is the extension of pacing from restoration of heart rate alone to maintaining ventricular synchrony in heart failure, increasing cardiac contractility through cardiac contractility modulation pacing, and treating hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and neurocardiogenic syndrome. The chapter incorporates new data available from clinical trials conducted since the last publication and updates our understanding of determinants of response to and optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy. Also discussed are advances in our understanding of the effects of pacing on atrial mechanical function, mitral regurgitation, diastolic function and right ventricular function made possible from new cardiac imaging techniques.
Domiciliary clinics II: a cost minimisation analysis (2002)

Domiciliary initial assessments were comparable in cost to clinic assessments in this study but in other situations the cost will vary, depending on the key local variables.
Cellular Translocation of a γ-AApeptide Mimetic of Tat Peptide (2012)

Cell-penetrating peptides including the trans-activating transcriptional activator (Tat) from HIV-1 have been used as carriers for intracellular delivery of a myriad of cargoes including drugs, molecular probes, DNAs and nanoparticles. Utilizing fluorescence flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that a γ-AApeptide mimetic of Tat (48-57) can cross the cell membranes and enter the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, with efficiency comparable to or better than that of Tat peptide (48-57). Deletion of the four side chains of the γ-AApeptide attenuates translocation capability. We also establish that the γ-AApeptide is even less toxic than the Tat peptide against mammalian cells. In addition to their low toxicity, γ-AApeptides are resistant to protease degradation, which may prove to be advantageous over α-peptides for further development of molecular transporters for intracellular delivery.
A Fresnel-inspired approach for steering and focusing of pulsed transmit beams by matrix array transducers (2017)

Matrix ultrasound transducers for medical diagnostic purposes are commercially available for a decade. A typical matrix transducer contains 1000 + elements, with a trend towards more and smaller elements. This number renders direct connection of each individual element to an ultrasound machine impractical. Consequently, it is cumbersome to employ traditional focusing and beamforming approaches that are based on transmit and receive signals having an individual time delay for each element. To reduce cable count during receive, one approach is to apply sub-arrays that locally combine the element signals using programmable delay-and-sum hardware, resulting in reduction by a factor 10. In transmit, achieving cable count reduction while keeping focusing and steering capabilities turns problematic once it becomes impossible to locally equip each element with its own high voltage pulser. To overcome this bottleneck for decreasing element size, here we present a Fresnel-inspired hardware and beam forming approach that is based on transmit pulses consisting of several periods of an oscillating waveform. These will be derived from one oscillating high voltage signal by using local switching and timing hardware. To demonstrate the feasibilities of our approach, we will show beam profiles and images for a miniature matrix transducer that we are currently developing.
Defining the role of pulmonary endothelial cell heterogeneity in the response to acute lung injury (2020)

Pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) are an essential component of the gas exchange machinery of the lung alveolus. Despite this, the extent and function of lung EC heterogeneity remains incompletely understood. Using single-cell analytics, we identify multiple EC populations in the mouse lung, including macrovascular endothelium (maEC), microvascular endothelium (miECs), and a new population we have termed Car4-high ECs. Car4-high ECs express a unique gene signature, and ligand-receptor analysis indicates they are primed to receive reparative signals from alveolar type I cells. After acute lung injury, they are preferentially localized in regenerating regions of the alveolus. Influenza infection reveals the emergence of a population of highly proliferative ECs that likely arise from multiple miEC populations and contribute to alveolar revascularization after injury. These studies map EC heterogeneity in the adult lung and characterize the response of novel EC subpopulations required for tissue regeneration after acute lung injury.
Enhanced two-photon excited fluorescence in three-dimensionally crosslinked bovine serum albumin microstructures (2011)

In this study, the intensity of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) of xanthene dye, Rose Bengal (RB), was significantly enhanced via bovine serum albumin (BSA) microstructures fabricated by the two-photon crosslinking (TPC) technique. The RB was utilized as the photoactivator in the TPC processing and the enhanced TPEF intensity correlates with the concentration of fabricated crosslinked BSA microstructures via the power control and pulse selection of the employed femtosecond laser. As a result, fabrication of three-dimensional BSA microstructures can be simultaneously monitored by the use of TPEF intensity. The crosslinked BSA microstructures synthesized may be used as an ordered biomaterial for fluorescence enhancement.
Highly Reliable Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors Through the Addition of Nitrogen Doping (2018)

The electrical properties and the device reliability under positive/negative bias stress with/without illumination regarding amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are evaluated as a function of the nitrogen partial pressure in the sputter deposition. Interestingly, it is easy to control the carrier concentration through the incorporation of nitrogen into IGZO, whereby the device performance is changed. In addition, when nitrogen is introduced during the conventional IGZO deposition, the device reliability of N-doped IGZO TFTs is considerably improved compared to that of undoped-IGZO TFTs due to the reduced amount of defects. It is also interesting that such an improvement of the device reliability regarding IGZO is easily obtainable through the simple addition of nitrogen to the conventional deposition process. It is, therefore, strongly believed that this simple nitrogen-doping process for IGZO is very effective regarding the achievement of highly durable devices, and it can be immediately applied to the current mass production of the high-performance displays for which the oxide semiconductor is used.
From web search to healthcare utilization: privacy-sensitive studies from mobile data (2012)

We present new methods for the analysis of mobile logs and describe a study that provides evidence about how people transition from mobile searches on symptoms and diseases to the pursuit of healthcare in the world.
Gas-Phase Nucleation in an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for SiO2 Films Using Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) (1992)

Formation of a SiO 2 film on a substrate and generation of particles in the gas phase were examined simultaneously in an atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) process using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The furnace temperature range where SiO 2 films can be prepared without particle generation was found to be 700-740°C. The particles generated from the APCVD process were spherical, amorphous, and had a diameter smaller than 60 nm. The Fourier transform infrared and thermal desorption spectra showed that the particles contained a small amount of an ethoxy group and a relatively large amount of a hydroxyl group.
Waveguiding in photonic crystals consisting of dielectric pillars near 1550 nm (2004)

An experimental demonstration of bandgap guiding, at wavelengths in the infrared near 1550 nm, is presented for photonic crystal waveguides created using dielectric pillars. An adiabatic taper is implemented to increase coupling efficiency.