gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Packet-Pair Dispersion (APPD): A Blackbox Approach to Verifying the Integrity of NFV Service Chains (2021)

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) implements virtual network functions (such as firewall, IDS, etc.) as service chains over a cloud computing infrastructure to provide dynamic, scalable, and cost-efficient network services. This layered design of NFV is a double-edged sword that may also lead to unique security concerns for NFV tenants including the breach of the integrity of their service chains through various attacks (e.g., VNF bypassing, packet injection, etc.). To make things worse, the underlying infrastructure-level data is typically owned by third-party cloud providers, which renders such data unavailable to NFV tenants to directly examine the actual deployment of their service chains. In this work, we propose a blackbox approach, namely, artificial packet-pair dispersion (APPD), which can work around this limitation of unavailable infrastructure-level data to still allow NFV tenants to verify the integrity of service chains. To that end, APPD first estimates the throughput of incoming NFV traffic based on inter-packet delay by creating an artificial congestion (as natural congestion may not always be present in a high bandwidth environment involving cloud and NFV) for a short period of time. APPD then verifies service chain integrity by comparing this estimated throughput with the throughput of the actual traffic flowing through the service chains. Our experimental results with both real and synthetic datasets confirm the effectiveness and negligible overhead of APPD.
EFFECTS OF PERIODIC BLOWING FROM A SPANWISE SLOT ON A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER (2003)

Direct numerical simulations were performed to analyze the effects of time-periodical blowing through a spanwise slot on a turbulent boundary layer. The blowing velocity was varied in a cyclic manner from 0 to 2A+ (A+ = 0.25,0.50 and 1.00) at a fixed blowing frequency of f+ = 0.017. The effect of steady blowing (SB) was also examined, and the SB results were compared with those for periodic blowing (PB). PB reduced the skin friction near the slot, although to a slightly lesser extent than SB. PB was found to generate a spanwise vortical structure in the downstream of the slot. This vortex generates a reverse flow near the wall, thereby reducing the wall shear stress. The wall-normal and spanwise turbulence intensities under PB are increased as compared to those under SB, whereas the streamwise turbulent intensity under PB is weaker than that under SB. PB enhances more energy redistribution than SB. The periodic response of the streamwise turbulence intensity to PB is propagated to a lesser extent than that of the other components of the turbulence intensities and the Reynolds shear stress.
Life Cycle Cost Optimization of a Solar Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump System (2018)

There has been an increased interest in reducing the cost and environmental impact of building heating, ventilation, and cooling systems by using hybrid renewable energy systems. Among them, heat pumps which combine geothermal and solar thermal energy have gained attention due to their high efficiency and reliability. However, such systems can have high install costs. It is therefore important to design them in an economically optimal way, and to evaluate and compare them to conventional solutions over the full system life cycle. This paper presents a detailed study into the optimal system operation and design of a Solar-Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump system. The design variables include solar collector area, borehole depth and volume of the thermal storage tank. The operation and design methodology is demonstrated using data gathered from a real system in Melbourne, Australia. For this system and location, the outcome is that an optimally designed Ground Source Heat Pump system should cover approximately 90% of the total heating demand, with the remainder covered by conventional sources. The approach can be applied in the same way to other systems and other geographies.
ADVANCED POST MORTEM STUDY, FROM DIGITAL SURVEY TO MICRO SCALE ANALYSIS (2019)

This chapter describes the role of post-mortem 3D scanmethodology. In the glass industry, post mortem glass furnace analysis is always a particular time to examine corrosion profile, corrosion process and to make a link with glass furnace life event. The use of 3D scan and all that can be derived and calculated from raw data Scan is a significant source of information. SEFPRO R&D team has developed a data analysis methodology in order to assess corrosion profiles on global views but also at individual block scale to provide key data for glassmakers. Linked with a more standard post mortem refractory corrosion analysis, it gives a precious help to understand the final refractory corrosion. Chemistry, crystallographic and microstructure evolution of the refractory material indicate the way they have been corroded and point out some possible sources (such as raw material, fuel, temperature level …) that occurred during furnace life. Thanks to the post-mortem 3D scan a completely new furnace ageing audit can be provided enriching the diagnosis.
A flexible analysis/synthesis tool for transient signals (1998)

An overview of a flexible analysis/synthesis tool for transient signals that effectively extends the spectral modeling synthesis (SMS) parametrization of signals from sinusoids+noise to sinusoids+transients+noise is given. The extended model, by explicitly handling transients, provides a more realistic and robust signal analysis/transformation/synthesis tool. Although others have pointed out the need for partitioning SMS into sinusoids+transients+noise, they have not provided a flexible model for transients. The need for an explicit transient model arises because SMS analyzes a signal by first modeling the sinusoidal components of the signal. SMS then subtracts these sinusoidal components from the original signal leaving a residual signal that contains transients+noise. One drawback of SMS is it models this transient+noise residual solely as filtered noise. Our transient model, when used on this residual, first detects where possible transients occur, models the transients, then removes transients from the signal. This leaves a second residual that is slowly varying noise. Attacks are well preserved by the transient model and the noise model now works more effectively. Becuase the transient model is the frequency domain dual to sinusoidal modeling, it retains flexibility and allows for a wide range of signal transformations.
Regulation of AR mRNA translation in response to acute AR pathway inhibition (2021)

We report a new mechanism of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA regulation and cytoprotection in response to AR pathway inhibition (ARPI) stress in prostate cancer (PCA). AR mRNA translation is coordinately regulated by RNA binding proteins, YTHDF3 and G3BP1. Under ambient conditions m6A-modified AR mRNA is bound by YTHDF3 and translationally stimulated, while m6A-unmodified AR mRNA is bound by G3BP1 and translationally repressed. When AR-regulated PCA cell lines are subjected to ARPI stress, m6A-modified AR mRNA is recruited from actively translating polysomes (PSs) to RNA-protein stress granules (SGs), leading to reduced AR mRNA translation. After ARPI stress, m6A-modified AR mRNA liquid-liquid phase separated with YTHDF3, while m6A-unmodified AR mRNA phase separated with G3BP1. Accordingly, these AR mRNA messages form two distinct YTHDF3-enriched or G3BP1-enriched clusters in SGs. ARPI-induced SG formation is cell-protective, which when blocked by YTHDF3 or G3BP1 silencing increases PCA cell death in response to ARPI stress. Interestingly, AR mRNA silencing also delays ARPI stress-induced SG formation, highlighting its supportive role in triggering this stress response. Our results define a new mechanism for stress adaptive cell survival after ARPI stress involving SG-regulated translation of AR mRNA, mediated by m6A RNA modification and their respective regulatory proteins.
Characterization of the inflammatory response to biomaterials using a rodent air pouch model (2000)

Using a rodent air pouch, the inflammatory responses to biomaterials with distinct physical properties and chemical compositions were compared. The polymers examined were expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE), silicone, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl carbonate) [poly(DTE carbonate)], and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine benzyl carbonate) [poly(DTBzl carbonate)]. We found that implantation of disks (4.5-4.8 mm) of these materials into rodent air pouches for 2 days had no effect on the number or type of cells recovered relative to sham controls. With each of the materials, macrophages were the predominant cell type identified (60-75%), followed by granulocytes (20-25%) and lymphocytes (10%). Implantation of poly(DTE carbonate), ePTFE, LDPE, or poly(DTBzl carbonate) into the pouches for 2 days caused an increase in release of superoxide anion by the pouch cells. Cells from pouches containing poly(DTE carbonate) also released more hydrogen peroxide and were more phagocytic. In contrast, PLLA and silicone had no effect on the functional activity of cells recovered from the pouches. Prolonging the implantation time of poly(DTE carbonate) or PLLA to 7 days did not alter the number or type of cells isolated from the pouches. However, cells from pouches containing poly(DTE carbonate) for 7 days continued to produce increased quantities of superoxide anion relative to sham control pouch cells. These results suggest that the air pouch model is a highly sensitive method and therefore useful for evaluating the functional responses of inflammatory cells to biomaterials.
Diamagnetic repulsion of particles for multilaminar flow assays (2015)

A continuous multilaminar flow reaction was performed on functionalised polymer particles<italic>via</italic>diamagnetic repulsion forces, using a simple, inexpensive setup.
Physical simulation for animation and visual effects (2007)

We explore the emerging application area of physics-based simulation for computer animation and visual special effects. In particular, we examine its parallelization potential and characterize its behavior on a chip multiprocessor (CMP). Applications in this domain model and simulate natural phenomena, and often direct visual components of motion pictures. We study a set of three workloads that exemplify the span and complexity of physical simulation applications used in a production environment: fluid dynamics, facial animation, and cloth simulation. They are computationally demanding, requiring from a few seconds to several minutes to simulate a single frame; therefore, they can benefit greatly from the acceleration possible with large scale CMPs.
Growth and small polaron properties of epitaxial La1−xCaxMnO3 thin films (1998)

We report on the epitaxial growth and properties of La1−xCaxMnO3 thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation. We grew and characterized 11 thin films covering the entire doping range, from x=0 to x=1. A presence of oxygen during postdeposition annealing is shown to be required in order to reduce the resistivity of the samples and to obtain reproducible samples. The lattice constant and phonon frequency that appear in the Emin–Holstein, [D. Emin and T. Holstein, Ann. Phys. 53, 439 (1969).] adiabatic small polaron conductivity formula are reported. Resistivity data from 20 to 300 K are also reported.
Relaxometry changes in a gel dosimetry phantom due to continued RF exposure (2009)

This study investigates the potential alteration in relaxation times in phantoms used for MRI gel-dosimetry due to their continued RF exposure from the MRI scanner used in the measurement process. The work quantifies these changes and establishes a tolerance for the image acquisition time as well as mapping the spatial distribution of these effects.
ROS and cFS System (RACS): Easing Space Robotic Development (2021)

Space missions have required the development of specific embedded systems for spacecraft applications, making reuse of existing software difficult. JAXA's space robot operating system (SP-ROS) initiative tackles this problem in order to realize more intelligent robotic space missions. JAXA's SP-ROS initiative proposes an open-source software framework for robots used in outer space and will facilitate the development of space robotics through the ROS and cFS system (RACS). This paper introduces RACS and describes a planned demonstration in space. RACS provides two functionalities. The first one is ROS/cFE converter, which makes it possible to directly incorporate the code of a ground robot application into an environment that can be ported as a spacecraft application. The porting of existing robotic applications will aid in developing new applications using ROS's rich development environment. The second functionality of RACS is the ROS/cFE bridge, which allows native cFS and ROS programs to interact. This is aimed mainly at making ground robotics software testing easier. Another benefit would allow ROS's development tools (Rviz and Gazebo) and libraries (OpenCV and MoveIt), as well as packages developed by the roboticists anywhere in the world, to be directly incorporated in the testing. Provided the onboard computer supports cFS, it will be possible to implement these software packages into space robots. JAXA has made the open-source RACS module available to everybody. We currently propose to test the system in a space demonstration using Int-Ball2, a space drone in the International Space Station (ISS).
Local atomicity properties: modular concurrency control for abstract data types (1989)

Atomic actions (or transactions) are useful for coping with concurrency and failures. One way of ensuring atomicity of actions is to implement applications in terms of atomic data types : abstract data types whose objects ensure serializability and recoverability of actions using them. Many atomic types can be implemented to provide high levels of concurrency by taking advantage of algebraic properties of the type's operations, for example, that certain operations commute. In this paper we analyze the level of concurrency permitted by an atomic type. We introduce several local constraints on individual objects that suffice to ensure global atomicity of actions; we call these constraints local atomicity properties . We present three local atomicity properties, each of which is optimal : no strictly weaker local constraint on objects suffices to ensure global atomicity for actions. Thus, the local atomicity properties define precise limits on the amount of concurrency that can be permitted by an atomic type.
Practical considerations in the implementation of a frequency-domain adaptive noise canceller (1994)

This paper is concerned with problems evolving around the implementation of a frequency-domain adaptive noise canceller on a fixed-point signal processor. In particular, we propose methods to improve the convergence speed and reduce the computational complexity of a constrained frequency-domain algorithm that uses a time-varying step size. In addition, we study the effects of finite word length and fixed-point arithmetic. Improvements are realized by adopting a new data reusing scheme and by applying running and pruned FFT's. Results are given using synthetic data, as well as data from noise cancellation experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanism and Stereochemistry of Polyketide Chain Elongation and Methyl Group Epimerization in Polyether Biosynthesis (2017)

The polyketide synthases responsible for the biosynthesis of the polyether antibiotics nanchangmycin (1) and salinomycin (4) harbor a number of redox-inactive ketoreductase (KR<sup>0</sup>) domains that are implicated in the generation of C2-epimerized (2S)-2-methyl-3-ketoacyl-ACP intermediates. Evidence that the natural substrate for the polyether KR<sup>0</sup> domains is, as predicted, a (2R)-2-methyl-3-ketoacyl-ACP intermediate, came from a newly developed coupled ketosynthase (KS)-ketoreductase (KR) assay that established that the decarboxylative condensation of methylmalonyl-CoA with S-propionyl-N-acetylcysteamine catalyzed by the Nan[KS1][AT1] didomain from module 1 of the nanchangmycin synthase generates exclusively the corresponding (2R)-2-methyl-3-ketopentanoyl-ACP (7a) product. In tandem equilibrium isotope exchange experiments, incubation of [2-<sup>2</sup>H]-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-ACP (6a) with redox-active, epimerase-inactive EryKR6 from module 6 of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase and catalytic quantities of NADP<sup>+</sup> in the presence of redox-inactive, recombinant NanKR1<sup>0</sup> or NanKR5<sup>0</sup>, from modules 1 and 5 of the nanchangmycin synthase, or recombinant SalKR7<sup>0</sup> from module 7 of the salinomycin synthase, resulted in first-order, time-dependent washout of deuterium from 6a. Control experiments confirmed that this washout was due to KR<sup>0</sup>-catalyzed isotope exchange of the reversibly generated, transiently formed oxidation product [2-<sup>2</sup>H]-(2R)-2-methyl-3-ketopentanoyl-ACP (7a), consistent with the proposed epimerase activity of each of the KR<sup>0</sup> domains. Although they belong to the superfamily of short chain dehydrogenase-reductases, the epimerase-active KR<sup>0</sup> domains from polyether synthases lack one or both residues of the conserved Tyr-Ser dyad that has previously been implicated in KR-catalyzed epimerizations.
Autoantibody-Targeted Treatments for Acute Exacerbations of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2020)

BackgroundSevere acute exacerbations (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are medically untreatable and often fatal within days. Recent evidence suggests autoantibodies may be involved in IPF progression. Autoantibody-mediated lung diseases are typically refractory to glucocorticoids and nonspecific medications, but frequently respond to focused autoantibody reduction treatments. We conducted a pilot trial to test the hypothesis that autoantibody-targeted therapies may also benefit AE-IPF patients.MethodsEleven (11) critically-ill AE-IPF patients with no evidence of conventional autoimmune diseases were treated with therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPE) and rituximab, supplemented in later cases with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Plasma anti-epithelial (HEp-2) autoantibodies and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA, respectively. Outcomes among the trial subjects were compared to those of 20 historical control AE-IPF patients treated with conventional glucocorticoid therapy prior to this experimental trial.ResultsNine (9) trial subjects (82%) had improvements of pulmonary gas exchange after treatment, compared to one (5%) historical control. Two of the three trial subjects who relapsed after only five TPE responded again with additional TPE. The three latest subjects who responded to an augmented regimen of nine TPE plus rituximab plus IVIG have had sustained responses without relapses after 96-to-237 days. Anti-HEp-2 autoantibodies were present in trial subjects prior to therapy, and were reduced by TPE among those who responded to treatment. Conversely, plasma MMP7 levels were not systematically affected by therapy nor correlated with clinical responses. One-year survival of trial subjects was 46+15% vs. 0% among historical controls. No serious adverse events were attributable to the experimental medications.ConclusionThis pilot trial indicates specific treatments that reduce autoantibodies might benefit some severely-ill AE-IPF patients. These findings have potential implications regarding mechanisms of IPF progression, and justify considerations for incremental trials of autoantibody-targeted therapies in AE-IPF patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01266317
Functional characterization of the extranasal OR2A4/7 expressed in human melanocytes (2018)

Olfactory receptors (ORs) were first described as specialized chemoreceptors in the nasal epithelium. In the last two decades, ORs have also been detected to be functionally expressed and active in different nonolfactory tissues of the human body, because they used to react to specific odour stimuli. In this study, we conducted a characterization of the extranasal OR2A4/7 expressed in primary human melanocytes and sections of the human skin. OR2A4/7 expression could be demonstrated at the transcript and protein level. We uncovered elevated intracellular cAMP and Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels accompanied by elevated p38 and reduced p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation following odourant (cyclohexyl salicylate; CHS) stimulation of melanocytes. These results were associated with enhanced melanin biosynthesis in conjunction with the growth inhibition and differentiation of melanocytes. Our findings highlight the participation of OR2A4/7 in human primary melanocyte physiology and suggest an alternate mechanism that regulates melanogenesis.
Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people: individual participant meta-analysis (2012)

Adult height has directionally opposing relationships with risk of death from several different major causes of chronic diseases.
Initial Report on the Nexus Online Case-Based Neurosurgical Education Platform (2018)

Background The adoption of electronic learning, such as surgical case modules, has shown to be an effective tool for improving knowledge and skills for trainees in general surgery and surgical subspecialties. However, the field of neurosurgery has largely yet to develop and utilize surgical case modules as a part of surgical education. The goal of the NEXUS project is to develop a comprehensive online library of neurosurgical cases with intraoperative videos and/or photos to better prepare trainees for the operating room. Such a program has potential to significantly improve trainee preparation, knowledge, and surgical skills.
Clonal deletion of thymic mature T cells induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in murine fetal thymus organ culture (1993)

The present study aims at investigating the intrathymic maturational stage of T cells at which clonal deletion can be induced. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was added to organ cultures of murine fetal thymus lobes at various time points of culture, and V beta 8-expressing cells were assayed on day 14. V beta 8 low-expressing (V beta 8lo) cells were reduced to 40-60% of the control receiving no SEB, though the reduction was ambiguous when SEB was given on day 13. In marked contrast, V beta 8 high-expressing (V beta 8hi) cells were virtually completely deleted in all groups including the group given SEB on day 13. Most of the V beta 8hi cells that were deleted by 24 h of treatment with SEB were shown to be of the CD4+8- mature phenotype, though CD4-8+V beta 8hi cells were also deleted. It was further shown that the thymic V beta 8hi CD4+8- cells recovered from organs cultured for 14 days without SEB responded to immobilized anti-V beta 8 monoclonal antibody, indicating that V beta 8hi cells, which were highly sensitive to clonal deletion, were functionally competent mature T cells. These results strongly suggest that the thymus is capable of eliminating all T cells recognizing antigen present in the thymus regardless of the maturational stage of T cells.