gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesize & Learn: Jointly Optimizing Generative and Classifier Networks for Improved Drowsiness Detection (2021)

Driving in a state of drowsiness is a major cause of road accidents, resulting in tremendous damage to life and property. Developing robust, automatic, real-time systems that can infer drowsiness states of drivers has the potential of making lifesaving impact. However, real-world drowsy driving datasets are unbalanced, due to the sparsity of drowsy driving events. We focus on the problem of alleviating the class imbalance problem by using generative adversarial networks (GAN) to synthesize examples of sparse classes directly in the feature-space. Our GAN-based framework simultaneously generates realistic examples of sparse classes while using the generated samples to improve the performance of a separate drowsiness classifier. We validate this approach in a real-world drowsiness dataset, where we demonstrate a classifier trained using this approach outperforms a stand-alone classifier trained without any GAN-based augmentations.
The total synthesis of (±)-15,16-dimethoxyerythrinan-3-one. A further application of the methyl vinyl ketone annelation of endocyclic enamines (1968)

R. V. Stevens and M. P. Wentland, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1104 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001104
The effect of confined thermal magnons on fluctuations in mesospins (2020)

We study the thermally excited magnetization fluctuations of mesoscale magnetic structures. In the micromagnetic framework we utilize a computational method for implementing temperature in simulations, by means of a stochastic magnetic field. Using this approach, we investigate the confinement effects related to the size of the structures and characterize the emerging magnonic modes, with respect to their spatial distribution of amplitudes and frequencies. We also analyze the temperature dependence of low frequency edge mode fluctuations for various structure sizes, recovering temporal dynamics associated with intrinsic energy barriers arising from their magnetization texture and finite size.
A novel crossing current resonant converter (XCRC) (2002)

Unlike other resonate or soft-switching converter, this novel topology employs only two switches and a very simply control method. The inherent constant power protection feature is another merit. No special resonate chip is needed to control the circuit. By adding two diode parallel with the dividing capacitors and selecting the capacitors for a small value that will fully charge and discharge in one cycle, one can obtain the zero voltage switching characteristic and control the output voltage regulation by frequency modulation. An industrial standard PWM chip can be easily modified to a VCO as the control element.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Surface Control and Multi-Composite Cathodes (2013)

We report recent progress in surface control of cathode element particles. Re-crystallization of the surface layer can be obtained not only in olivines, but also in lamellar compounds, which results in an increase of the electrochemical properties. In addition, we take benefit of the stability of LiFePO 4 and the fact that it does not need protection against overcharge, by synthesizing multi-component particles formed by a core particle with higher working potential like LiMnPO 4 (4 V cell) and even LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 (5 V cell) surrounded by LiFePO 4 coated with carbon to the particles with LiFePO 4 . The remarkable improvement of the electrochemical properties obtained in this process gives evidence that the synthesis of such multi-component composites are promising to improve the energy density and high-rate performance of Li-ion batteries in the near future.
Chemical and Mechanical Consequences of Environmental Barrier Coating Exposure to Calcium–Magnesium–Aluminosilicate (2011)

The success of Si‐based ceramics as high‐temperature structural materials for gas turbine applications relies on the use of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with low silica activity, such as Ba 1− x Sr x Al 2 Si 2 O 8 (BSAS), which protect the underlying components from oxidation and corrosion in combustion environments containing water vapor. One of the current challenges concerning EBC lifetime is the effect of sandy deposits of calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass that melt during engine operation and react with the EBC, changing both its composition and stress state. In this work, we study the effect of CMAS exposure at 1300°C on the residual stress state and composition in BSAS–mullite–Si–SiC multilayers. Residual stresses were measured in BSAS multilayers exposed to CMAS for different times using high‐energy X‐ray diffraction. Their microstructure was studied using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Our results show that CMAS dissolves the BSAS topcoat preferentially through the grain boundaries, dislodging the grains and changing the residual stress state in the topcoat to a nonuniform and increasingly compressive stress state with increasing exposure time. The presence of CMAS accelerates the hexacelsian‐to‐celsian phase transformation kinetics in BSAS, which reacts with the glass by a solution–reprecipitation mechanism. Precipitates have crystallographic structures consistent with Ca‐doped celsian and Ba‐doped anorthite.
Second generation DNA-encoded dynamic combinatorial chemical libraries (2019)

We present a DNA-encoded chemical library, which allows dynamic selection followed by ligation of the encoding strands. As a chemical approach to mimic the genetic recombination process of adaptive immunity, the technology led to an enhanced enrichment factor and signal-to-noise ratio compared to static libraries.
Implementation of H.264/AVC decoder for mobile video applications (2006)

This paper presents an H.264/AVC baseline profile decoder based on a SoC platform design methodology. The overall decoding throughput is increased by optimized software and a dedicated hardware accelerator. We minimize the number of bus accesses and use macroblock (MB) level pipeline processing techniques to achieve a real time operation. We implemented and verified a prototype on a SoC platform with a 32-bit RISC CPU core and FPGA module. Our design can process up to 20 frames/sec with QCIF_(176x144). The proposed architecture can be easily applied to many mobile video application areas such as a digital camera and a DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) phone.
Field results for a distribution circuit state estimator implementation (2000)

Distribution automation encompasses functions that rely on knowledge of the state of the distribution circuit in real-time. This paper presents field results for a distribution circuit state estimator that was implemented on an electric utility distribution circuit. The state estimation algorithm is based on a probabilistic radial power flow approach that incorporates real-time measurements as solution constraints. A load modeling technique based on using customer billing information and daily load profiles is used to provide needed load estimates. This paper provides an assessment of how accurately the developed state estimation algorithm is able to predict circuit states. The improvement in circuit estimates as a function of available feeder measurements is illustrated as well. Finally, difficulties encountered with implementing an actual distribution state estimator are discussed.
Radio interface design for ultra-low latency millimeter-wave communications in 5G Era (2014)

The projected growth of mobile data traffic requires the 5G wireless systems to support at least 1000 x larger area throughput than the existing 4G solutions. This requires ultra-dense local area networks combined with millimeter-wave communications to provide high spatial multiplexing gain and wide bandwidths for multi-gigabit peak data rates. In this paper, we extend our 5GETLA reference design for 5G small cell network radio interface in 3-10 GHz carrier frequencies towards millimeter-wave communications and discuss separate solutions for both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios. The non-line-of-sight frame design achieves frame duration equal to 0.1 ms which is one hundredth of the LTE frame duration. The line-of-sight design is also considered as a good candidate especially for small-distance indoor wireless access or inband backhaul and is particularly optimized in terms of ultra-low latency with frame duration equal to 0.05 ms, achieving the strictest physical layer latency requirements set for 5G communications.
Decrease in Three Messenger RNA Species Coding for Chloroplast Proteins in Leaves of Barley Infected with Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei (1985)

Cloned hybridization probes have been used to investigate the effect of infection of susceptible Hordeum vulgare cv Prior by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei on the abundance of host mRNAs coding for the large (LSU) and precursor to the small (SSU) subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the rapidly metabolized 32kD thylakoid protein (32kDP). In leaf RNA preparations from control (noninoculated) plants the amount of mRNA for the LSU and SSU declined from 7 to 11 days after sowing, whereas that for the 32kDP increased over this period. Following inoculation at 6 days after sowing, the abundance of each of the mRNA species was significantly reduced below that of controls at 1, 3, and 5 days later. Results indicate that infection causes a rapid and extensive reduction in host mRNA species coding for proteins with important photosynthetic functions.
Stuart J. Norcross (2006)

This paper describes an infrastructure for the deployment and use of Web Services that are resilient to the failure of the nodes that host those services. The infrastructure presents a single interface that provides mechanisms for users to publish services and to find hosted services. The infrastructure supports the autonomic deployment of services and the brokerage of hosts on which services may be deployed. Once deployed, services are autonomically managed in a number of aspects including load balancing, availability, failure detection and recovery, and lifetime management. Services are published and deployed with associated metadata describing the service type. This same metadata may be used subsequently by interested parties to discover services. The infrastructure uses peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay technologies to abstract over the underlying network to deploy and locate instances of those services. It takes advantage of the P2P network to replicate directory services used to locate service instances (for using a service), Service Hosts (for deployment of services) and Autonomic Managers which manage the deployed services. The P2P overlay network is itself constructed using novel Web services-based middleware and a variation of the Chord P2P protocol, which is self-managing.
Molecular basis of MHC I quality control in the peptide loading complex (2022)

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules are central to adaptive immunity. Their assembly, epitope selection, and antigen presentation are controlled by the MHC I glycan through a sophisticated network of chaperones and modifying enzymes. However, the mechanistic integration of the corresponding processes remains poorly understood. Here, we determine the multi-chaperone-client interaction network of the peptide loading complex (PLC) and report the PLC editing module structure by cryogenic electron microscopy at 3.7 Å resolution. Combined with epitope-proofreading studies of the PLC in near-native lipid environment, these data show that peptide-receptive MHC I molecules are stabilized by multivalent chaperone interactions including the calreticulin-engulfed mono-glucosylated MHC I glycan, which only becomes accessible for processing by α-glucosidase II upon loading of optimal epitopes. Our work reveals allosteric coupling between peptide-MHC I assembly and glycan processing. This inter-process communication defines the onset of an adaptive immune response and provides a prototypical example of the tightly coordinated events in endoplasmic reticulum quality control.
Optical-Quality Thin Films with Tunable Thickness from Stable Colloidal Suspensions of Lanthanide Oxysulfide Nanoplates (2022)

In modern laser technologies, there is a need for coatings that would be compatible with flexible substrates while retaining the advantages of inorganic compounds in terms of robustness. As a first step in this direction, we developed here thin films of lanthanide oxysulfide, of optical quality, prepared by low-temperature dip coating. As a model compound in the family of oxysulfides, (Gd,Ce)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S anisotropic nanoplates were used. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and <i>in situ</i> UV and IR spectroscopic ellipsometry, showing that the band gap of the materials was preserved through the deposition process. The thickness of the films was tuned in a broad range, from a few nanometers to 150 nm, using different concentrations of the colloidal suspensions as well as single-layer and multilayer deposition. Lastly, thermal treatment of the thin films was optimized to remove the stabilizing organic ligands of the nanoparticles while preserving their integrity, as confirmed by SEM and XRD.
A 17‐Beta‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 Variant Protects From Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Alcoholic Liver Disease (2019)

Recently, a loss of function variant (rs72613567) in 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) has been identified as protective of nonalcoholic (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, the role of this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently unknown. A total of 3,315 European patients with HCC (n = 1,109) or without HCC, but with chronic liver disease (CLD; n = 2,206), from four centers were analyzed either by whole-exome sequencing (WES; exploratory cohort, 285 HCC) or genotyped for HSD17B13 rs72613567 (validation cohort, 824 HCC and all CLD). We included a control group of 33,337 healthy European individuals from the Exome Aggregation Consortium. We compared distribution of genotype using the chi-square test and logistic regression. In the exploratory cohort analyzed by WES, frequency of the TA allele of HSD17B13 rs72613567 was significantly decreased in HCC patients compared to healthy controls (P = 1.52 × 10<sup>-06</sup> ). In the validation cohort, frequency of TA allele carriers was also decreased in patients with CLD and without HCC (39%) compared to healthy individuals (47%; P < 0.0001). The protective effect of the TA allele of HSD17B13 rs72613567 was identified in patients with ALD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.82; P < 0.0001), NAFLD (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49-0.83; P = 0.0007), and hepatitis C (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.60-0.85; P = 0.0002). In patients with ALD, the proportion of TA allele carriers with HCC was significantly lower (32%) than in CLD patients without HCC (40%), even after adjustment for age, sex, and fibrosis (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.87; P = 0.005). Conclusion: The HSD17B13 rs72613567 loss of function variant is protective of HCC development in patients with ALD.
Performance, selectivity, and deactivation of Pt-ZSM-5 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO (1995)

It is well known that precious metal catalysts can effectively oxidize CO and hydrocarbons under oxidizing conditions. Reduction of NO under net oxidizing conditions remains a significant industrial challenge. Fresh Pt-ZSM-5 is quite effective at using hydrocarbons to reduce NO at relatively low temperatures, between about 100{degrees}C and 350{degrees}C. Interesting interactions are observed using multicomponent synthetic exhaust gas mixtures chosen to model some aspects of diesel exhaust. The presence of H{sub 2}O strongly affects conversion of propene and CO over this noble metal catalyst. The selectivity of NO reduction, either to N{sub 2}O or to N{sub 2}, is highly dependent on the types of reducing agents present. EXAFS analysis of the fresh material reveals the platinum to occur as highly oxidized species that are either amorphous or highly dispersed. TEM analysis shows the dispersion of at least some of the Pt in the fresh catalyst to be low. One hour of catalysis under oxidizing conditions at 700{degrees}C to 800{degrees}C can result in significant deactivation. A number of physicochemical changes occur in the catalyst, some of which may be relevant to deactivation. In particular, very thin films covering Pt can be observed in deactivated catalysts.
Ferroptosis response segregates small cell lung cancer (SCLC) neuroendocrine subtypes (2020)

Abstract Bi-allelic loss of TP53 and RB1 in treatment-naïve small cell lung cancer (SCLC) suggests strong selective pressure to inactivate regulated cell death pathways prior to therapy. Yet, which regulated cell death pathways remain available in treatment-naïve SCLC is unknown. Here, through systemic analysis of cell death pathway availability, we identify non-neuroendocrine (NE) and NE SCLC subtypes to segregate by their response to ferroptosis, a recently described iron-dependent type of regulated necrosis. While we identify that in treatment-naïve SCLC extrinsic apoptosis and necroptosis are incapacitated, we find non-NE SCLC to be exquisitely sensitive to ferroptosis induced through pharmacological and genetic means. Mechanistically, non-NE SCLC as opposed to NE SCLC presents with an oxygenated lipidome priming non-NE SCLC for ferroptosis. ASCL1+ NE SCLC, in turn, is resistant to ferroptosis but acquires selective addiction to the thioredoxin (TRX) anti-oxidant pathway. Importantly, co-cultures mimicking non-NE/NE intratumoral heterogeneity selectively deplete non-NE populations upon induction of ferroptosis while eliminating NE cell populations only upon TRX pathway. As a consequence, combined induction of ferroptosis and inhibition of the TRX pathway broadly kills established non-NE and NE tumors in xenografts and genetically engineered mouse models of SCLC. Moreover, patient-derived treatment-naïve and refractory NE SCLC models are selectively killed via this regime. In SCLC, combined low expression of GPX4 and TRX reductase 1 (TXNRD1) identifies a patient subset with drastically improved overall survival. These data identify ferroptosis as an SCLC subtype-specific vulnerability and suggest repurposing ferroptosis induction with TRX pathway inhibition to specifically address intratumoral NE/non-NE heterogeneity in SCLC. One Sentence Summary The SCLC non-neuroendocrine subtype is sensitive to ferroptosis
Stabilizing First Person 360 Degree Videos (2018)

The use of 360 degree cameras, enabling one to record and share full-spherical 360° X 180° view without any cropping in the viewing angle, is on the rise. Shake in such videos is problematic, especially when used in conjunction with VR headsets causing cybersickness to the viewer. The current state-of-the-art video stabilization algorithm [17] designed specifically for 360 degree videos considers the special geometrical constraints in such videos. However, the specific steps in the algorithm can abruptly change the viewing direction in a video leading to unnatural experience for the viewer. In this paper, we propose to fix this anomaly by the use of L1 smoothness constraints on the camera path, as suggested by Grundmann et al. [7]. The modified algorithm is generic and our experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm not only gives a more natural and smoother stabilization for 360 degree videos but can be used for stabilizing normal field of view videos as well.
Wettability Studies at the Pore Level: A New Approach by Use of Cryo-SEM (1995)

Summary Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) is used to study the wettability of reservoir rocks from fluid distribution at irreducible water saturation, Swi, and residual oil saturation, Sor. Results on mixed-wettability cores point out the importance of composition, distribution, and accessibility of minerals in determining the macroscopic behavior of the rocks. For the studied samples, wettability of sandstones is related to the presence of kaolinite, while wettability of carbonates seems to be related to pore-size distribution.
Electrical, crystallographic, and optical properties of ArF laser modified diamond surfaces (1989)

Pulses of 193 nm radiation from an ArF laser with energies exceeding 0.5 J/cm2 have been shown to modify 40–60 nm thick layers of {100} and {110} oriented diamond surfaces. These layers exhibit highly anisotropic electrical and optical properties which have principal in-plane axes along the 〈110〉 directions. The minimum resistance is (4–10)×10−4 Ω cm, and minimum in the optical transmittance and maximum in the reflectance occur when the electric field vector of the incident polarized light is aligned along the low resistance direction. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that the modified layer primarily consists of unidentified graphite-like carbon phases embedded in diamond. The first-order electron diffraction spots correspond to lattice spacings of 0.123, 0.305, and 0.334 nm. The modified layer is stable at 1800 °C, forms ohmic contacts to type IIb diamond, and supports epitaxial diamond growth.
cdma2000 System for Mobile Communications, The (2012)

cdma2000 in depth: architecture, protocols, design, and operation This is a complete guide to the architecture and operation of cdma2000 networks. Three leading experts begin by reviewing the theory of CDMA communications, then systematically discuss every component of a cdma2000 network, including radio access networks, packet core networks, mobile stations, and their reference points. The authors present in-depth coverage of the cdma2000 air interface protocols between mobile and base stations; physical layer design; media access control; layer 3 signaling; handoffs; power control; radio resource management for mixed voice and data services; radio access network performance; and end-to-end call flows for circuit switched voice, packet data, and concurrent services. Coverage includes: CDMA and spread spectrum fundamentals: modulation/demodulation, forward error correction, turbo coding, and diversity Applications and services, including conversational voice, Web browsing, file transfer, WAP, video streaming, and VoIP Evolution of integrated data and voice services (1xEV-DV) Handoff principles and types, including idle, access, soft, and hard handoffs Reverse and forward link power control principles, algorithms, and implementation aspects Algorithms and implementation aspects for radio resource management End-to-end network operations: location and state management, call processing, SMS, and more This is an ideal reference for professionals designing or building cdma2000 infrastructure and mobile stations, operators deploying and managing cdma2000 networks, and any wireless communications engineer who wants a thorough understanding of cdma2000 technology.