gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating Non-Precious Metal Catalyst-Electrolyte Interface in Anodes for Alkaline Fuel Cells (2017)

Extensive research is being performed in renewable and sustainable energy to satisfy the world’s demand and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Part of these efforts focuses on the development of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells. Alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) gained attention due to their good activities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in high pH environments using non-precious metal catalysts. 1 However, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activities with non-precious metal catalysts are still low and poorly understood. Our previous research 3,4 with Pt catalysts in alkyl ammonium and guanidinium alkali organic solvents indicated that the HOR activity of Pt is limited by cationic group adsorption at the surface of the catalyst, showing the performance of fuel cells rapidly degraded. In this presentation, we expand our investigation to the HOR interfacial behavior of non-precious Ni-based catalysts-quaternary ammonium functionalized ionomers using microelectrode set-up. Our data suggests that the time-dependent cationic group adsorption with the non-precious metal catalyst is less than that of the Pt catalysts, in spite of the much lower HOR initial activity of the non-precious metal catalysts. Here we will present the microlectrode and surface-FTIR mechanism studies of the interaction of non-precious metal catalyst and various quaternized alkaline polymer electrolytes and their impact on the kinetics of HOR under high pH conditions. Acknowledgment This work is supported by US Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technology Office. References [1] H. Meng, P. K. Shen, “Novel Pt-free catalyst for oxygen electroreduction,” Electrochem. Commun . 8, 588–594 (2006). [2] W.C. Sheng, H.A. Gasteiger, Y. Shao-Horn, “Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reaction Kinetics on Platinum: Acid vs Alkaline Electrolytes,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 157 , B1529 (2010). [3] S.-D. Yim, H. T. Chung, J. Chlistunoff, D.-S. Kim, C. Fujimoto, T.-H. Yang, Y. S. Kim, “A Microelectrode Study of Interfacial Reactions at the Platinum-Alkaline Polymer Interface,” J. Electrochem. Soc ., 162 , F499 (2015). [4] H. T. Chung, Y.-K. Choe, U. Martinez, J. H. Dumont, A. Mohanty, C. Bae, I. Matanovic, Y. S. Kim, “Effect of Organic Cations on Hydrogen Oxidatin Reaction of Carbon Supported Platinum,” J. Electrochem. Soc ., 163 (14), F1-F7 (2016).
Optical excitations in poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) (1990)

We present the results of spectroscopic studies of the electronic structure of the conjugated polymer poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene). Photoexcitation above the band gap at 1.8 eV gives rise to two transient absorption peaks at 0.44 and 1.0 eV that are associated with bipolarons that live for times of order a few milliseconds at 80 K. Photoluminescence, comparable in intensity to the Raman scattering, is found at energies above the band edge, and we assign this to a hot recombination process. We also report the Raman spectrum, and make a preliminary assignment of the main vibrational modes. Three of the four main peaks disperse as the excitation wavelength is varied. We discuss these results and compare them with those previously reported for a related polymer, poly-(p-phenylene vinylene).
Engineering Functionality Gradients by Dip Coating Process in Acceleration Mode (2014)

In this work, unique functional devices exhibiting controlled gradients of properties are fabricated by dip-coating process in acceleration mode. Through this new approach, thin films with “on-demand” thickness graded profiles at the submillimeter scale are prepared in an easy and versatile way, compatible for large-scale production. The technique is adapted to several relevant materials, including sol–gel dense and mesoporous metal oxides, block copolymers, metal–organic framework colloids, and commercial photoresists. In the first part of the Article, an investigation on the effect of the dip coating speed variation on the thickness profiles is reported together with the critical roles played by the evaporation rate and by the viscosity on the fluid draining-induced film formation. In the second part, dip-coating in acceleration mode is used to induce controlled variation of functionalities by playing on structural, chemical, or dimensional variations in nano- and microsystems. In order to demonstrate the full potentiality and versatility of the technique, original graded functional devices are made including optical interferometry mirrors with bidirectional gradients, one-dimensional photonic crystals with a stop-band gradient, graded microfluidic channels, and wetting gradient to induce droplet motion.
Phase Coherent Precessional Magnetization Reversal in Micro-scopic Spin Valve Elements (2002)

We study the precessional switching of the magnetization in microscopic spin valve cells induced by ultra short in-plane hard axis magnetic field pulses. Stable and highly efficient switching is monitored following pulses as short as 140 ps with energies down to 15 pJ. Multiple application of identical pulses reversibly toggles the cell's magnetization be-tween the two easy directions. Variations of pulse duration and amplitude reveal alter-nating regimes of switching and non-switching corresponding to transitions from in-phase to out-of-phase excitations of the magnetic precession by the field pulse. In the low field limit damping becomes predominant and a relaxational reversal is found allowing switching by hard axis fields below the in-plane anisotropy field threshold.
Supplementary figure legend from Antibody Targeting GRP78 Enhances the Efficacy of Radiation Therapy in Human Glioblastoma and Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines and Tumor Models (2023)

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Machine Learning for Predictive Modeling of 90-day Readmission, Major Medical Complication, and Discharge to a Facility in Patients Undergoing Long Segment Posterior Lumbar Spine Fusion (2020)

3.
A Review of the Phillips Chromium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization (2018)

Three main types of transition metal catalysts are used commercially to make linear polyethylenes (PE): Phillips chromiumoxide-based catalysts, Ziegler titanium or vanadium halide catalysts, and metallocene catalysts. These differ in many ways, most notably in the molecular weight (MW) distribution that each delivers to the polymer. To make the Phillips polymerization catalyst, a wide pore carrier, usually silica, is impregnated with a chromium compound followed by calcination in dry air or oxygen to “activate” the catalyst. Naturally the catalyst activity is influenced by the chromium (Cr) loading on the catalyst, and this variable is used commercially to control activity. All of the chromium remains hexavalent, and no major changes are observed in the crystallinity or porosity of the support, just a gradual dehydration of the silica surface as hydroxyl groups condense to release water.
2-{2-[(4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane and N-(4-Ethoxybenzyl)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzenamine: Molecular Structures Determined by Quantum-Chemical Calculations, NMR Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (2022)

Two phenylboronic ester derivatives, 2-{2-[(4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (A) and N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzenamine (B), have been synthesized and their single crystals grown from hexane and petroleum ether. The conformation analysis data demonstrate that the molecular structure optimized by DFT is consistent with the crystal structure determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Their molecular electrostatic potentials, Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint have been studied, revealing some physical and chemical properties of the compounds.
A Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of A Pseudomonic Acid Precursor from D-Arabinose or D-Xylose (1996)

Abstract The asymmetric synthesis of multi-gram quantities of a pseudomonic acid precursor is described. Improvements on the literature synthesis of diacetyl arabinal from arabinose are also reported.
Pulsewidth and Wavelength Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Carbon Disulfide (2011)

The dispersion of the nonlinear refractive index, “n2”, of carbon disulfide by femto-, pico-, and nano-second pulses, and its two-photon absorption spectrum are measured. The pulsewidth dependence of “n2” is also determined.
Calcium/Calcineurin Synergizes with Prostratin to Promote NF-κB Dependent Activation of Latent HIV (2013)

Attempts to eradicate HIV have been thwarted by the persistence of a small pool of quiescent memory CD4 T cells that harbor a transcriptionally silent, integrated form of the virus that can produce infectious virions following an anamnestic immune response. Transcription factors downstream of T-cell receptor activation, such as NF-κB/Rel and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription members, are considered important regulators of HIV transcription during acute HIV infection. We now report studies exploring their precise role as antagonists of HIV latency using cell and primary CD4 T cell models of HIV-1 latency. Surprisingly, RNA interference studies performed in J-Lat CD4 T cells suggested that none of the NFATs, including NFATc1, NFATc2, NFATc3, and NFAT5, played a key role in the reactivation of latent HIV. However, cyclosporin A markedly inhibited the reactivation response. These results were reconciled when calcium signaling through calcineurin was shown to potentiate prostratin induced activation of NF-κB that in turn stimulated the latent HIV long terminal repeat (LTR). Similar effects of calcineurin were confirmed in a primary CD4 T cell model of HIV latency. These findings highlight an important role for calcineurin in NF-κB-dependent induction of latent HIV transcription. Innovative approaches exploiting the synergistic actions of calcineurin and prostratin in the absence of generalized T-cell activation merit exploration as a means to attack the latent viral reservoir.
Decentralized supply of energy, water and other utility functions. Residential area and greenhouses meet in Zonneterp; Decentrale voorziening in energie, water en andere nutsfuncties. Woonwijk en glastuinbouw vinden elkaar in Zonneterp (2006)

In the report 'Agropolis. A symbiosis between urban and rural areas' ideas were presented to improve the relation between urban and rural areas. Those ideas resulted in two concepts of which one has been elaborated in another report, the so-called City Greenhouse, or Zonneterp, where four closed cycles play important parts between the rural and the urban areas: heat, carbon, water and minerals. This article summarizes the 'Zonneterp' report. [Dutch] In het rapport 'Agropolis. Een symbiose tussen stad en land' worden ideeen aangedragen om de relatie tussen stad en land te bevorderen. Dit heeft geleid tot twee ontwerpen: Waterlandschap en Stadskas. In een ander rapport ('De Zonneterp. Een grootschalig zonproject') treft u een verdere uitwerking voor een Stadskas, dat hier de Zonneterp wordt genoemd. Het Zonneterp-ontwerp legt verbindingen tussen een kas met vergister enerzijds en de bebouwde omgeving anderzijds. Daarbij is sprake van vier soorten kringlopen die worden gesloten: warmte, koolstof, water en mineralen. Het basisontwerp is opgebouwd uit een nieuwe combinatie van beproefde technologieen. De opgave ligt in de afstemming en dimensionering van de verschillende onderdelen van het gehele systeem. Belangrijker nog zijn de nieuwe arrangementen op het gebied van financiering, wet- en regelgeving en zeggenschap, die nodig zijn voor het functioneren van de Zonneterp. De neiging tot centralisatie en separatie waarmee onze samenleving is doordrongen, staat op gespannen voet met de kern van de Zonneterp: decentralisatie en integratie. Dit artikel is een samenvatting van het 'Zonneterp' rapport.
Polymerizations in oil-in-oil emulsions using 2D nanoparticle surfactants (2017)

Oil-in-oil emulsions are especially attractive for compartmentalized reactions with water-sensitive monomers which cannot be used with traditional oil/water emulsions.
A parallel learning algorithm for text classification (2002)

Text classification is the process of classifying documents into predefined categories based on their content. Existing supervised learning algorithms to automatically classify text need sufficient labeled documents to learn accurately. Applying the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to this problem is an alternative approach that utilizes a large pool of unlabeled documents to augment the available labeled documents. Unfortunately, the time needed to learn with these large unlabeled documents is too high. This paper introduces a novel parallel learning algorithm for text classification task. The parallel algorithm is based on the combination of the EM algorithm and the naive Bayes classifier. Our goal is to improve the computational time in learning and classifying process. We studied the performance of our parallel algorithm on a large Linux PC cluster called PIRUN Cluster. We report both timing and accuracy results. These results indicate that the proposed parallel algorithm is capable of handling large document collections.
Selective catalytic oxidation of arylamines to azoxybenzenes with H2O2 over zeolites (1994)

H. R. Sonawane, A. V. Pol, P. P. Moghe, S. S. Biswas and A. Sudalai, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1215 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001215
Evidence for land plant cell wall biosynthetic mechanisms in charophyte green algae (2014)

The results provide new insights into the evolution of cell walls and support the notion that the CGA were pre-adapted to life on land by virtue of the their cell wall biosynthetic capacity. These findings are highly significant for understanding plant cell wall evolution as they imply that some features of land plant cell walls evolved prior to the transition to land, rather than having evolved as a result of selection pressures inherent in this transition.
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B (2008)

Metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor of liver cirrhosis in CHB.
Dynamical systems and Iterative Eigensolvers. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
THE USE OF ULTRASONIC METHODS TO DETERMINE FATIGUE EFFECTS IN METALS. Period covered : June 16, 1958 to June 15, 1959 (1959)

Changes in ultrasoric attenuation and velocity in commercially pure 1100 aluminum (Alcoa) when subjected to slow continued stress cycling (1 to 6000 cycles) and a delayed recovery phenomenon that appears when the cycling is interrupted were observed. An instrumest to measure and record ultrasonic attenuation changes is described. (auth)
Capillary Interception of Floating Particles by Surface-Piercing Vegetation (2013)

Surface-piercing vegetation often captures particles that flow on the water surface, where surface tension forces contribute to capture. Yet the physics of capillary capture in flow has not been addressed. Here we model the capture of floating particles by surface-piercing collectors at moderately low Reynolds numbers (Re<10). We find a trade-off between the capillary force, which increases with the collector diameter, and the relative size of the meniscus, which decreases with the collector diameter, resulting in an optimal collector diameter of ~1-10 mm that corresponds to the regime in which many aquatic plant species operate. For this diameter range the angular distribution of capture events is nearly uniform and capture can be orders of magnitude more efficient than direct interception, showing that capillary forces can be major contributors to the capture of seeds and particulate matter by organisms.
Chemical synthesis of allyl‐[13C6]‐glucuronate (2011)

Abstract The synthesis of allyl‐[ 13 C 6 ]‐glucuronate from α ‐D‐[ 13 C 6 ]‐glucose in five steps is described. Selective protection of the primary alcohol in the glucose with the bulky trityl group followed by acetylation in the same pot gave the fully protected sugar. Removal of the trityl group followed by oxidation of the primary alcohol to the acid and removal of the acetate groups using catalytic amounts of sodium methoxide gave the glucuronic acid. Reaction with allyl bromide using resin‐bound fluoride gave the title compound. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Neutral Networks in Structure—Activity Relationships (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spinal GABAAand GABABReceptor Pharmacology in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain (2002)

Pharmacologic inhibition of intrinsic GABA tone in normal rats resulted in tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, consistent with the hypothesis being tested. Exogenous administration of GABA agonists reversed spinal nerve ligation-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia, also consistent with this hypothesis. Isoguvacine produced specific antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects, whereas assessment of the effects of baclofen was complicated by motor dysfunction. Spinal GABAA agonists may provide a specific therapy for neuropathic pain.
Body Composition and Heart Rate Variability to Achieve Dry Weight and Tolerance (2011)

Autonomic dysfunction in patients with end- stage renal disease is associated with poor prognosis. Heart rate variability (HRV), determined by the standard deviation of the normal R- R interval, has been reported to be a useful evaluation of cardiac autonomic modulation. The relationship between HRV and hydration status (HS) can be analyzed by whole body bioimpedance spectroscopy. This allows a classification of patients according the combination of HS with predialysis systolic blood pressure. Differences in HRV can be studied in patients with high over hydration, but normal or low blood pressure, with respect to fluid-overloaded/hypertensive patients and normohydrated/normotensive patients. In conclusion, the assessment of the autonomic nervous system response to the hemodialysis treatment in end- stage renal disease patients, classified according to a reliable and quantitative measurement of their fluid overload, could permit better management of both arterial blood pressure and HS.
Estimation of bearing faults in induction motor by MCSA using Daubechies wavelet analysis (2014)

This paper presents the current based monitoring of induction motor for identification of bearing faults. Sensor less monitoring has many advantages over conventional vibration monitoring. The method however does not give good performance due to variable load and speed of induction motor. Due to non stationary nature of stator current, Fourier transform problems may occur. Therefore, this work presents the motor current signature analysis using wavelet analysis and compares with the FFT analysis. The proposed method has been applied to detect the bearing faults in 3 phase induction motor. It is difficult to extract the bearing fault component from stator current spectrum especially at incipient stage. Therefore, here the bearing fault can be identified by cancelling nonbearing fault component from stator current signature. The results have affirmed the effectiveness of the method.
Geographic and Temporal Trends in Fake News Consumption During the 2016 US Presidential Election (2017)

We present an analysis of traffic to websites known for publishing fake news in the months preceding the 2016 US presidential election. The study is based on the combined instrumentation data from two popular desktop web browsers: Internet Explorer 11 and Edge. We find that social media was the primary outlet for the circulation of fake news stories and that aggregate voting patterns were strongly correlated with the average daily fraction of users visiting websites serving fake news. This correlation was observed both at the state level and at the county level, and remained stable throughout the main election season. We propose a simple model based on homophily in social networks to explain the linear association. Finally, we highlight examples of different types of fake news stories: while certain stories continue to circulate in the population, others are short-lived and die out in a few days.
Analyze fluorescent characteristic of cancer cell using hyperspectroscopic imaging system (HIS) (2012)

Currently, the cancer was examined by diagnosing the pathological changes of tumor. If the examination of cancer can diagnose the tumor before the cell occur the pathological changes, the cure rate of cancer will increase. This research develops a human-machine interface for hyper-spectral microscope. The hyper-spectral microscope can scan the specific area of cell and records the data of spectrum and intensity. These data is helpful to diagnose tumor. This study finds the hyper-spectral imaging have two higher intensity points at 550nm and 700nm, and one lower point at 640nm between the two higher points. For analyzing the hyper-spectral imaging, the intensity at the 550nm peak divided by the intensity at 700nm peak. Finally, we determine the accuracy of detection by Gaussian distribution. The accuracy of detecting normal cells achieves 89%, and the accuracy of cancer cells achieves 81%.
Cryogenic Receiver with Superconducting Filter (2018)

We have developed small cryogenic receiver with superconducting dual band pass filter. This superconducting filter passes thru only protect bands of both 1.4 GHz and 1.6 GHz for radio astronomy. Also L-band is useful band for mobile telephone. Therefore, L-band observation by the radio telescope is difficult for strong RFI of mobile telephone signal. We report a RFI test with the superconducting filter. The RFI test was experimented in urban area, suburban area, and mountain area in north Thailand. We experimented with the use of horn antenna and radio telescope antenna. We demonstrated an effectiveness of superconducting filter for countermeasure against RFI.
Exosomes secreted by hiPSC-derived cardiac cells improve recovery from myocardial infarction in swine (2020)

Cell therapy treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) is mediated, in part, by exosomes secreted from transplanted cells. Thus, we compared the efficacy of treatment with a mixture of cardiomyocytes (CMs; 10 million), endothelial cells (ECs; 5 million), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs; 5 million) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), or with exosomes extracted from the three cell types, in pigs after MI. Female pigs received sham surgery; infarction without treatment (MI group); or infarction and treatment with hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-ECs, and hiPSC-SMCs (MI + Cell group); with homogenized fragments from the same dose of cells administered to the MI + Cell group (MI + Fra group); or with exosomes (7.5 mg) extracted from a 2:1:1 mixture of hiPSC-CMs:hiPSC-ECs:hiPSC-SMCs (MI + Exo group). Cells and exosomes were injected into the injured myocardium. In vitro, exosomes promoted EC tube formation and microvessel sprouting from mouse aortic rings and protected hiPSC-CMs by reducing apoptosis, maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis, and increasing adenosine 5'-triphosphate. In vivo, measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction, wall stress, myocardial bioenergetics, cardiac hypertrophy, scar size, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis in the infarcted region were better in the MI + Cell, MI + Fra, and MI + Exo groups than in the MI group 4 weeks after infarction. The frequencies of arrhythmic events in animals from the MI, MI + Cell, and MI + Exo groups were similar. Thus, exosomes secreted by hiPSC-derived cardiac cells improved myocardial recovery without increasing the frequency of arrhythmogenic complications and may provide an acellular therapeutic option for myocardial injury.