gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Fourier-magnitude estimation from speckle intensity correlation (1988)

The accuracy of Fourier-magnitude estimates made by using speckle intensity correlation is investigated. The analysis concerns statistical errors that result from sampling the speckle intensity with a detector array that encompasses a finite number of independent speckles. It is shown that the estimator of the normalized Fourier magnitude is the ratio of two correlated Gaussian random variables. Expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. A closed-form expression for the SNR, valid for small values of the normalized Fourier magnitude, is verified. Results of a computer simulation that confirm the theory and illustrate the nature of the errors are presented.
Crowdsourcing Arctic Navigation Using Multispectral Ice Classification & GNSS (2014)

Safe marine navigation in the Arctic is becoming more important with a growing interest in the region in recent years. With the summer Arctic sea ice extent having decreased by 50% since 1980, this now opening waterway has given rise to serious interest in commercial activities in the Arctic. There are several navigational challenges that face ships operating in Arctic waters. Sea charts are known to be untrustworthy, navigational equipment can be problematic, and there is the constant danger of multi-year and glacial ice collisions. Here we focus on the threat of ice. Knowledge of its whereabouts is crucial to the safe planning of routes and in the avoidance of sometimes-fatal collisions. With increased traffic and without proper detection systems in place, there is a danger of accidents in the Arctic that may result in loss of life or have severe environmental ramifications.

Here we propose a modernized system which offers improvements in the two major components of the current ice mitigation strategy, namely, on the ship-based monitoring side and on the ship-to-ship aiding side. Ship-based monitoring today is a largely manual process which requires a skilled and experienced crew to interpret radar data and scan the area visually to correctly identify dangerous ice. This relies heavily on the use of expert lookouts, as radar is known to fall short of the requirements needed to reliably detect all forms of hazardous ice. Ship-to-ship aiding exists today in the form of organizations such as the North American Ice Service (NAIS) where icebergs and ice conditions are reported in part by passing ships. However, most ice reports are based on visual sightings whose accuracy is likely not high. Here, we propose crowdsourcing ice navigation based on a GNSS data registration system. In this scenario, ice detection and classification is done robustly and automatically based on a redundant multispectral system. This data is then geo-referenced using GNSS, enabling reliable ship-to-ship aiding in systematic way. The high integrity sharing of ice data offers a framework in which to perform path planning in a reliable and automated way, finding the safest route with the available information and relying less on the expertise of the crew.
Miniaturized low-power electro-optic modulator based on silicon integrated nanophotonics and organic polymers (2014)

We design and demonstrate a compact, low-power, low-dispersion and broadband optical modulator based on electro-optic (EO) polymer refilled silicon slot photonic crystal waveguide (PCW). The EO polymer is engineered for large EO activity and near-infrared transparency. The half-wave switching-voltage is measured to be V<sub>π</sub>=0.97±0.02V over optical spectrum range of 8nm, corresponding to a record-high effective in-device r<sub>33</sub> of 1190pm/V and V<sub>π</sub>×L of 0.291±0.006V×mm in a push-pull configuration. Excluding the slow-light effect, we estimate the EO polymer is poled with an ultra-high efficiency of 89pm/V in the slot. In addition, to achieve high-speed modulation, silicon PCW is selectively doped to reduce RC time delay. The 3-dB RF bandwidth of the modulator is measured to be 11GHz, and a modulation response up to 40GHz is observed.
MicroRNA in cancer: New hopes for antineoplastic chemotherapy (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that are evolutionarily conserved and widely distributed among species. Their major function is to negatively regulate mRNA target genes, and miRNA expression has been found to be deregulated in all human cancers, where miRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, functioning either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. This review provides a current overview of the connection between miRNAs and cancer by covering the recent advances in miRNA involvement in human cancer including initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. We will also highlight the literature where application of miRNAs has created the foundation for the development of potential future miRNA therapy.
2.5-μm PACE-I HgCdTe 1024x1024 FPA for infrared astronomy (1994)

Rockwell Science Center and the University of Hawaii have developed a short wavelength infrared (SWIR) 1024 X 1024 focal plane array (FPA). The continuing project is funded by the U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory in connection with their Advanced Electro Optical System (AEOS) 3.67 m telescope project on Haleakala, Maui. We have achieved our objective of developing a 1024 X 1024 FPA with a cut-off wavelength of 2.5 micrometers . The device is named the HgCdTe Astronomical Wide Area Infrared Imager (HAWAII). The first hybrids have been characterized, delivered and first light achieved two days ahead of schedule; performance highlights include successful elimination of the reset anomaly (whose presence limited the noise performance of prior astronomical 256 X 256 FPAs), total FPA dark current < 0.1 e-/sec at 77 K, pixel yield > 99%, quantum efficiency > 50%, BLIP-limited sensitivity at low-10<SUP>9</SUP> photons/cm<SUP>2</SUP>-sec background and operating temperatures to 120 K, and read noise < 10 e-.
In Situ and ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pine in a Bench-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor System (2016)

In situ and ex situ catalytic pyrolysis were compared in a system with two 2-in. bubbling fluidized bed reactors. Pine was pyrolyzed in the system with a catalyst, HZSM-5 with a silica-to-alumina ratio of 30, placed either in the first (pyrolysis) reactor or the second (upgrading) reactor. Both the pyrolysis and upgrading temperatures were 500 °C, and the weight hourly space velocity was 1.1 h–1. Five catalytic cycles were completed in each experiment. The catalytic cycles were continued until oxygenates in the vapors became dominant. The catalyst was then oxidized, after which a new catalytic cycle was begun. The in situ configuration gave slightly higher oil yield but also higher oxygen content than the ex situ configuration, which indicates that the catalyst deactivated faster in the in situ configuration than the ex situ configuration. Analysis of the spent catalysts confirmed higher accumulation of metals in the in situ experiment. In all experiments, the organic oil mass yields varied between 14 and 17% and the carbon efficiencies between 20 and 25%. The organic oxygen concentrations in the oils were 16–18%, which represented a 45% reduction compared to corresponding noncatalytic pyrolysis oils prepared in the same fluidized bed reactor system. GC/MS analysis showed the oils to contain one- to four-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and a variety of oxygenates (phenols, furans, benzofurans, methoxyphenols, naphthalenols, indenols). High fractions of oxygen were rejected as water, CO, and CO2, which indicates the importance of dehydration, decarbonylation, and decarboxylation reactions. Light gases were the major sources of carbon losses, followed by char and coke.
Electric field assisted transport of dielectric droplets dispersed in aqueous solutions of ionic surfactants (2018)

Motion of liquid droplets with a surface electric charge can be efficiently controlled by dc electric field. Here, we show that the surface of a dielectric kerosene droplet can be charged by the addition of ionic surfactants to a surrounding aqueous electrolyte. The direction of droplet motion is determined by the polarity of the surfactant charge and the orientation of the imposed electric field. We have found that the effective electrophoretic mobility of dielectric droplets in a confined channel is directly proportional to the logarithm of the surfactant concentration even for values significantly exceeding critical micelle concentration (CMC). We attribute this finding not only to adsorption of ionic surfactants to the surface of dielectric droplets but also to the weakening of electro-osmosis at channel walls due to the increase of ionic strength in the aqueous phase. Our findings can be exploited in microfluidic reactors and separators for on request dosing, sampling, and separation of dielectric fluids.
Achieving Adequate Friction and Predicting Skid Values in Class P Concrete with Manufactured Fine Aggregates (2013)

The Dallas and Fort Worth Districts use large quantities of concrete for high-traffic roadways; however, the sources of natural fine aggregates meeting the Texas Department of Transportation’s (TxDOT’s) minimum acid insoluble residue (AI) requirements are being depleted. The minimum AI is important to result in concrete roadways with good skid performance. As good-quality natural sand having a minimum AI of 60% is depleted, the Dallas and Fort Worth Districts will be required to transport natural sand from distant pits and blend them with local manufactured fine aggregate (MFA) sources. To potentially permit the use of more local MFAs in portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements, the research investigated the use of AI values for fine aggregates to predict skid performance of PCC pavements.
Contributions to time-frequency synchronization in wireless systems (2015)

Time and frequency synchronization is an indispensable task for all wireless transceivers and systems. In modern wireless systems, such as 4G and future 5G systems, new wireless technologies set new challenges also to synchronization. In particular, new solutions for time and frequency synchronization are needed in multiantenna and cooperative systems. New research areas arise also in context of interference cancellation and cognitive radio systems where the transmission parameters of the signal of interest may not be known to the receiver. Similar applications can be found also in the military domain. Obviously, synchronization in such cases poses significant challenges.&#13;\nIn this thesis, new methods for time and frequency synchronization in wireless systems are developed and analyzed. Both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) -based as well as direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) -based systems are considered. The thesis consists of seven publications and a summary which contains also an extensive literature review on the topic.&#13;\nSynchronization acquisition methods in DSSS-based systems without the knowledge of the spreading sequence are developed. A subspace -based method for asynchronous multi-user DSSS systems is proposed and shown to achieve nearly optimal processing gain corresponding to that of the conventional matched filter. The studied methods find applications in interference cancellation, cognitive radio as well as in military applications.&#13;\nMultiantenna methods for synchronization are analyzed. Probabilities of synchronization acquisition and false alarm are derived analytically for the multiantenna case where transmit, receive and time diversity schemes are used. The analytical results are verified by simulations. Also optimum synchronization sequence transmission schemes are derived. Extensive simulation results for various scenarios in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, spatial correlation and Doppler spread are provided. The results can be used to facilitate practical design of wireless multiantenna systems.&#13;\nThe impacts of time and frequency offsets in cooperative OFDM wireless systems are analyzed and quantified and shown to be, in some cases, much more severe than in traditional OFDM systems. Solutions to estimation of multiple frequency offsets in cooperative OFDM systems are then studied. A method enabling low complexity algorithms to be used for the estimation is proposed and shown to achieve mean square error performance close to the Cramér-Rao bound.
A Pulsed High-Voltage Generator Utilizing a Monolithic PZT Element and Evaluation of Nonlinear Piezoelectric Behavior in Transient Mode (2013)

This paper presents a monolithic pulsed high-voltage (HV) generator utilizing a single piezoelectric element (PZT51 disk, 5 mm in diameter and 740 μm thick) with electrodes series-connected via a flexible polyimide cable. The design, fabrication, assembly, and testing of the HV generator are described. In response to transient mechanical load, the HV generator is evaluated within the stress range from 1 to 5 MPa, and the corresponding peak output voltages vary from 100 to 900 V. Performance comparison between single-electrode pair HV generator and three-electrode pair device indicates series-connected electrodes on a monolithic PZT element greatly boost the output voltage under the same mechanical load conditions. In further tests, the generated high-voltage pulses exceed 1.35 kV and are successfully used to initiate microdischarges on monolithically patterned electrodes across a 75 μm air gap. The measured capacitance of the test HV generator is 25 pF and the calculated charge delivered to the terminal electrodes in each discharge is 34 nC. The nonlinear piezoelectric property of the PZT51 in transient mode is studied. We experimentally obtain a linear increase of the effective piezoelectric coefficient as the applied pressure increases within the range from 1 to 5 MPa. [2012-0356].
Capacity estimation for spectrally-overlaid WCDMA & GSM systems (2002)

Much recent interest has been focused upon third-generation cellular systems, particularly wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). Deployments must consider scarce available spectrum, so researchers have been investigating spectral overlay, as a means of increasing capacity. Spectral overlay may also be a method used during transition from current to future systems. Based upon a method developed in Matolak (2000), we estimate capacities of WCDMA when overlaid upon the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). This method is an improvement upon the standard technique for approximating multiuser interference (MUI), and is more general than previous work in that it allows for different values of data rate within each system, an arbitrary number of overlaid CDMA systems, inclusion of outside-cell as well as outside-system interferences, and narrowband interferers. We apply the method to GSM and WCDMA, and explore via several examples the capacities achievable as a function of several system parameters, including the number of GSM frequency allocations, relative power levels, and a number of different data rates.
Individualization of treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (2009)

Two recently reported randomized studies discussed below are paving the way for personalized treatment approaches for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both studies show that accurate subclassification of NSCLC will become necessary to prescribe chemotherapy doublets and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It is expected that the practice of the last 30 years of lumping all NSCLC subtypes together will soon come to an end.
A New Nonparametric Linkage Statistic for Mapping Both Qualitative and Quantitative Trait Loci (2001)

We describe an alternative nonparametric linkage (NPL) statistic to that of Kruglyak et al. [Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58:1347-63, 1996] that can be used with qualitative phenotypes, and is easily extended for use with quantitative phenotypes. We analyzed the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 simulated isolated population data, replicate 1, using two phenotypes; affected status (AFF) a dichotomous phenotype and quantitative trait Q5, which was chosen since it was the most strongly associated with AFF. One false positive significant NPL score was observed for the AFF phenotype. For Q5 a single region on chromosome 1 reached genome-wide significance. The peak of this signal was for marker D01G137 at 135.1 cM with a quantitative trait locus (QTL)-NPL score of 4.19. The nearest marker to the true location of the major gene (MG5 at 137.1 cM) was D01G139 at position 135.8 cM, where the QTL-NPL score was still high at 4.08.
Dual-frequency VECSELs for Microwave Photonics Applications (2014)

We describe how Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) can be used to distribute low-noise local oscillators in microwave photonics systems. In particular we discuss the peculiar noise properties of such dual-frequency lasers.
ChemInform Abstract: An o‐Xylyl Cross‐Bridged 5,12‐Dioxocyclam. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Aspects of Mastocytosis (2002)

The diagnosis of mastocytosis is based on histological evidence of a focal increase in tissue mast cells. Immunohistochemical staining with antitryptase antibodies is strongly recommended in all cases of suspected mastocytosis because mast cell infiltrates may be small and scanty. Mastocytosis may be difficult to distinguish from other hematological malignancies, in which an increase in mast cells is frequently seen. The expression of the T cell-associated antigen CD2 has been shown to be exclusively found on neoplastic mast cells in mastocytosis. The demonstration of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by mast cells is consistent with the finding of angiogenesis which is commonly seen in tissue infiltrates of mastocytosis.
In vivo detection of deposition of radiolabeled lupus antikidney antibody and its inhibition by soluble antigen. (2001)

This study showed the feasibility of using a radiolabeled antibody to evaluate deposition of anti-DNA antibody in the kidney and the successful use of a peptide to block antibody deposition-a strategy that may be useful for renal preservation in lupus. These data support the possibility of using antikidney-labeled antibodies to evaluate immunologic renal disease in vivo in humans.
Potential for Cripto-1 in defining stem cell-like characteristics in human malignant melanoma (2008)

The diagnosis of melanoma is becoming ever more frequent. Although surgical excision of early lesions is associated with relatively significant high cure rates, treatment modalities are largely unsuccessful for advanced disease. Characteristics such as cellular heterogeneity and plasticity, expression of certain molecules such as the multidrug resistance protein-1 (MDR1) or the aberrant expression of embryonic signaling molecules and morphogens like Nodal, important for self renewal and pluripotency, suggest that a stem cell-like population may reside in aggressive melanomas. This perspective focuses on preliminary findings obtained in our laboratory which indicate that the expression of the Nodal coreceptor, Cripto-1, in a subset of malignant melanoma cells may be exploited to identify possible melanoma stem cells (MSC). In fact, the use of anti-Cripto-1 antibodies to cell sort Cripto-1-positive cells in the metastatic melanoma cell line C8161 has identified a slow growing, sphere forming subpopulation that expresses increased levels of Oct4, Nanog and MDR1. If current in vivo studies confirm the self renewal and tumorigenic characteristics of these cells, the expression of Cripto-1 may represent a useful marker to identify cancer stem cells in melanoma, and possibly other aggressive tumors as well.
Energy Conservation and Interference Mitigation: From Decoupling Property to Win-Win Strategy (2011)

This paper studies the problem of energy conservation of mobile terminals in a multi-cell TDMA network supporting real-time sessions. The corresponding optimization problem involves joint scheduling, rate control, and power control, which is often highly complex to solve. To reduce the solution complexity, we decompose the overall problem into two sub-problems: intra-cell energy optimization and inter-cell interference control. The solution of the two subproblems results in a "win-win" situation: both the energy consumptions and inter-cell interference are reduced simultaneously. We simulate our decomposition method with the typical parameters in WiMAX system, and the simulation results show that our decomposition method can achieve an energy reduction of more than 70% compared with the simplistic maximum transmit power policy. Furthermore, the inter-cell interference power can be reduced by more than 35% compared with the maximum transmit power policy. We find that the interference power stays largely constant throughout a TDMA frame in our decomposition method. Based on this premise, we derive an interesting decoupling property: if the idle power consumption of terminals is no less than their circuit power consumption, or when both are negligible, then the energy-optimal transmission rates of the users are independent of the inter-cell interference power.
Therapies using anti-angiogenic peptide mimetics of thrombospondin-1 (2011)

It is concluded that TSP1-derived peptides and peptide mimetics hold great promise as future agents for the treatment of cancer and other diseases driven by excessive angiogenesis. They may fulfill unmet medical needs including neovascular ocular disease and the diseases of the female reproductive tract including ovarian cancer.
Ph-Triggered Release of Vancomycin from Protein-Capped Porous Silicon Films (2008)

There is a small, constant rate of vancomycin release at pH 4 that is independent of the amount of drug loaded in the pores. This is attributed to diffusion of vancomycin from the BSA-capping layer. The release rate increases five- to tenfold when the pH of the solution in the flow cell increases to 7.4; 100% of the drug is released within 3 h of this increase.
White light generating nonradiative energy transfer directly from epitaxial quantum wells colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (2009)

We present white light generating nonradiative Förster resonance energy transfer at a rate of (2ns)−1 directly from epitaxial InGaN/GaN quantum wells to CdSe/ZnS heteronanocrystals in their close proximity at chromaticity-coordinates (x,y)=(0.42,0.39) and correlated-color– temperature CCT=3135K.
Calculating resettability and reset sequences (2002)

A synchronous sequential design is resettable if there is a finite sequence of primary input vectors (called a reset or synchronizing sequence) and a single state (called a reset state) such that application of the reset sequence to any initial state of the design drives the design into the reset state. New, efficient algorithms are presented to decide if a design is essentially and actually resettable, to find essential and actual reset sequences, to find the set of essential reset states and an actual reset state, and to check that an alleged essential or actual reset sequence essentially or actually resets a design. These algorithms are based on the results of a theory of design equivalence presented by C. Pixley (1990), and C. Pixley and G. Beihl (1991). The algorithms are implemented in the MCC CAD Sequential Equivalence Tool and future optimizations among well-established lines promise greater speed and applicability to much larger designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>