gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose Prescription and Delivery in Neonates With Congenital Heart Diseases Treated With Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration (2017)

Based on these findings, we propose on a provisional basis the use of daily Kt/V as a measure of continuous renal replacement therapy adequacy for critically ill neonates.
Immobilizing Arsenic in Contaminated Soil Using Humic Mineral Concentrates (2008)

Immobilization of heavy metals, especially arsenic, may involve both cationic and anionic forms. Arsenic may occur as both cations and anions. Humic mineral concentrates (HMC), including chemically active functional groups, can form complexes to immobilize both cationic and anionic forms. The efficiency of HMC in binding both cations and anions of heavy metals was demonstrated in lab-scale tests. Then, field tests were carried out on a former industrial disposal site destined for construction of commercial/residential structures. Field test results showed efficiencies of immobilization for zinc of 60%, cadmium of 66%, nickel of 72%, lead of 73%, and strontium of 87%. Arsenic immobilization efficiency was 85%. The source of initial arsenic cations was AsCl3 and the source of the anion form was NaAsO2. Both were triple valent ions. Arsenic content in soil samples ranged from 2 mg/kg up to 200 mg/kg. Tests showed that the average efficiency of initial cationic arsenic immobilization was 90%, for an initial arsenic concentration in soil of 2 mg/kg and 82% for an initial arsenic concentration of 20 mg/kg. Average efficiency of immobilization of anionic arsenic was 85% for an initial arsenic soil concentration of 2 mg/kg and 76% for an initial arsenic concentration of 20 mg/kg.
Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 1a and Stx2a Translocate through a Three-Layer Intestinal Model (2023)

Shiga toxins (Stxs) produced by ingested <i>E. coli</i> can induce hemolytic uremic syndrome after crossing the intact intestinal barrier, entering the bloodstream, and targeting endothelial cells in the kidney. The method(s) by which the toxins reach the bloodstream are not fully defined. Here, we used two polarized cell models to evaluate Stx translocation: (i) a single-layer primary colonic epithelial cell model and (ii) a three-cell-layer model with colonic epithelial cells, myofibroblasts, and colonic endothelial cells. We traced the movement of Stx types 1a and 2a across the barrier models by measuring the toxicity of apical and basolateral media on Vero cells. We found that Stx1a and Stx2a crossed both models in either direction. However, approximately 10-fold more Stx translocated in the three-layer model as compared to the single-layer model. Overall, the percentage of toxin that translocated was about 0.01% in the epithelial-cell-only model but up to 0.09% in the three-cell-layer model. In both models, approximately 3- to 4-fold more Stx2a translocated than Stx1a. Infection of the three-cell-layer model with Stx-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) strains showed that serotype O157:H7 STEC reduced barrier function in the model and that the damage was not dependent on the presence of the <i>eae</i> gene. Infection of the three-layer model with O26:H11 STEC strain TW08571 (Stx1a+ and Stx2a+), however, allowed translocation of modest amounts of Stx without reducing barrier function. Deletion of stx2a from TW08571 or the use of anti-Stx1 antibody prevented translocation of toxin. Our results suggest that single-cell models may underestimate the amount of Stx translocation and that the more biomimetic three-layer model is suited for Stx translocation inhibitor studies.
Astrocytes regulate GluR2 expression in motor neurons and their vulnerability to excitotoxicity (2007)

Influx of Ca(2+) ions through alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors contributes to neuronal damage in stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS. The Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors is largely determined by the glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit, receptors lacking GluR2 being permeable to Ca(2+) ions. We identified a difference in GluR2 expression in motor neurons from two rat strains, resulting in a difference in vulnerability to AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Astrocytes from the ventral spinal cord were found to mediate this difference in GluR2 expression in motor neurons. The presence of ALS-causing mutant superoxide dismutase 1 in astrocytes abolished their GluR2-regulating capacity and thus affected motor neuron vulnerability to AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. These results reveal a mechanism through which astrocytes influence neuronal functioning in health and disease.
The African American Male Initiative at the University of Louisville (2012)

Following a year of data gathering and planning during the 2010-2011 academic year, the University of Louisville launched the African American Male Initiative (AAMI) in the fall 2011 semester. The AAMI was designed using national best practices and current research findings as it relates to supporting African American male undergraduates. Now at the end of its first year, this practitioner’s brief provides an overview of the AAMI structure, design, and implementation.
Localized surface plasmon resonance immunoassay and verification using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2003)

This work exploits the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy of noble metal nanoparticles to achieve sensitive and selective detection of biological analytes. Noble metal nanoparticles exhibit an LSPR that is strongly dependent on their size, shape, material, and the local dielectric environment. The LSPR is also responsible for the intense signals observed in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Ag nanoparticles fabricated using the nanosphere lithography (NSL) technique exploits this LSPR sensitivity as a signal transduction method in biosensing applications. The current work implements LSPR biosensing for the anti dinitrophenyl (antiDNP) immunoassay system. Upon forming the 2,4 dinitrobenzoic acid/antiDNP complex, this system shows a large LSPR shift of 44 nm when exposed to antiDNP concentration of 1.5 x 10<sup>-6</sup> M. In addition, due to the unique molecular characteristics of the functional groups on the biosensor, it can also be characterized using SERS. First, the nanoparticles are functionalized with a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) comprised of 2:1 octanethiol and 11-amino undecanethiol. The SAM is exposed to 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid with the 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) coupling reagent. Finally, the 2,4-dinitrophenyl terminated SAM is exposed to various concentration of antiDNP. LSPR shifts indicate the occurrence of a binding event. SER spectra confirm binding of 2,4 dinitrobenzoic acid with amine-terminated SAM. This LSPR/SERS biosensing method can be generalized to a myriad of biologically relevant systems.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereospecific Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Allylic Alcohols. The Intermolecular Pinacol Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between α,α‐ Disubstituted α‐(Diphenylphosphinoyl)acetaldehydes (Ph2P(O) CR1R2CHO) and Saturated Aldehydes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Multicore Path to Connectomics-on-Demand (2017)

The current design trend in large scale machine learning is to use distributed clusters of CPUs and GPUs with MapReduce-style programming. Some have been led to believe that this type of horizontal scaling can reduce or even eliminate the need for traditional algorithm development, careful parallelization, and performance engineering. This paper is a case study showing the contrary: that the benefits of algorithms, parallelization, and performance engineering, can sometimes be so vast that it is possible to solve "cluster-scale" problems on a single commodity multicore machine. Connectomics is an emerging area of neurobiology that uses cutting edge machine learning and image processing to extract brain connectivity graphs from electron microscopy images. It has long been assumed that the processing of connectomics data will require mass storage, farms of CPU/GPUs, and will take months (if not years) of processing time. We present a high-throughput connectomics-on-demand system that runs on a multicore machine with less than 100 cores and extracts connectomes at the terabyte per hour pace of modern electron microscopes.
Performance evaluation of the Hypercube based Prediction Algorithm for Multi-View Video Coding (2009)

Multi-view video coding (MVC) is showing a new demand in the video communications, video surveillance systems, video teleconferencing, TV communications, and 3D video games. New algorithms are needed to improve video compression and reduce the complexity of multiple views in order to improve the MVC systems. This paper presents the performance evaluation of the hypercube prediction algorithm (HPA) for MVC. The main objective is to minimize the chain view of the dependencies based on the hypercube structure. Using spatio-temporal predictions based on the hypercube structure we show that MVC compression efficiency can be improved while keeping the dependencies low. The proposed HPA for MVC provides increased flexibility in selecting prediction references by reducing the view dependency by a factor of 2. The performance is compared with a linear prediction algorithm (LPA) that uses one spatial and one temporal reference frame. We show that HPA can be used to allow flexible prediction structures that improve the encoding performance while keeping the sufficient the PSNR video quality.
Training a supra-segmental parametric F0 model without interpolating F0 (2013)

Combining multiple intonation models at different linguistic levels is an effective way to improve the naturalness of the predicted F0. In many of these approaches, the intonation models for suprasegmental levels are based on a parametrization of the log-F0 contours over the units of that level. However, many of these parametrisations are not stable when applied to discontinuous signals. Therefore, the F0 signal has to be interpolated. These interpolated values introduce a distortion in the coefficients that degrades the quality of the model. This paper proposes two methods that eliminate the need for such interpolation, one based on regularization and the other on factor analysis. Subjective evaluations show that, for a Discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) syllable-level model, both approaches result in a significant improvement w.r.t. a baseline using interpolated F0. The approach based on regularization yields the best results.
Toll-like receptor 7 deficiency promotes survival and reduces adverse left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction (2021)

Aims: The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an intracellular innate immune receptor activated by nucleic acids shed from dying cells leading to activation of the innate immune system. Since innate immune system activation is involved in the response to myocardial infarction (MI), this study aims to identify if TLR7 is involved in post-MI ischaemic injury and adverse remodelling after MI. Methods and results: TLR7 involvement in MI was investigated in human tissue from patients with ischaemic heart failure, as well as in a mouse model of permanent left anterior descending artery occlusion in C57BL/6J wild type and TLR7 deficient (TLR7-/-) mice. TLR7 expression was up-regulated in human and mouse ischaemic myocardium after MI. Compared to wild type mice, TLR7-/- mice had less acute cardiac rupture associated with blunted activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, recruitment of more myofibroblasts, and the formation of a myocardial scar with higher collagen fibre density. Furthermore, inflammatory cell influx and inflammatory cytokine expression post-MI were reduced in the TLR7-/- heart. During a 28-day follow-up after MI, TLR7 deficiency resulted in less chronic adverse left ventricular remodelling and better cardiac function. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation experiments showed that TLR7 deficiency in BM-derived cells preserved cardiac function after MI. Conclusions: In acute MI, TLR7 mediates the response to acute cardiac injury and chronic remodelling probably via modulation of post-MI scar formation and BM-derived inflammatory infiltration of the myocardium.
Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics Conference (2013)

The Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics conference, which serves as the annual meeting of The Antibody Society, will be held in Huntington Beach, CA from Sunday December 8 through Thursday December 12, 2013. The scientific program will cover the full spectrum of challenges in antibody research and development, and provide updates on recent progress in areas from basic science through approval of antibody therapeutics. Keynote presentations will be given by Leroy Hood (Institute of System Biology), who will discuss a systems approach for studying disease that is enabled by emerging technology; Douglas Lauffenburger (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), who will discuss systems analysis of cell communication network dynamics for therapeutic biologics design; David Baker (University of Washington), who will describe computer-based design of smart protein therapeutics; and William Schief (The Scripps Research Institute), who will discuss epitope-focused immunogen design. In this preview of the conference, the workshop and session chairs share their thoughts on what conference participants may learn in sessions on: (1) three-dimensional structure antibody modeling; (2) identifying clonal lineages from next-generation data sets of expressed VH gene sequences; (3) antibodies in cardiometabolic medicine; (4) the effects of antibody gene variation and usage on the antibody response; (5) directed evolution; (6) antibody pharmacokinetics, distribution and off-target toxicity; (7) use of knowledge-based design to guide development of complementarity-determining regions and epitopes to engineer or elicit the desired antibody; (8) optimizing antibody formats for immunotherapy; (9) antibodies in a complex environment; (10) polyclonal, oligoclonal and bispecific antibodies; (11) antibodies to watch in 2014; and (12) polyreactive antibodies and polyspecificity.
An Aggregated and Equivalent Home Model for Power System Studies with Examples of Building Insulation and HVAC Control Improvements (2020)

Introducing new technologies into existing residences provides opportunities for the utility to enhance a community's power system performance. To validate the benefits of such technologies, an energy model is required in which their integration with a community's power system may be simulated. It can be difficult or impossible to properly model a power system without sufficient sample data. This paper proposes a method that uses Gaussian kernel density estimation (GKDE) to calculate the aggregated net power flow of a community's distribution system with only limited sample points at each time step. Example case studies that confirm the usefulness of the GKDE method are presented in which the power system benefits of improved insulation and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system control are analyzed. This analysis was performed using an EnergyPlus (EP) house model that was created and calibrated based upon an individual house. This power representation of the individual house was determined by accurately estimating the aggregated net power flow of a community in Glasgow, KY with GKDE. Simulation results based on the equivalent house energy model show that improved insulation reduces the energy consumption and the peak power at the power system level. Simulation results also show that the HVAC control reduces the peak power for the entire community.
Incorporation Effect of Thin Al2O3 Layers on ZrO2–Al2O3 Nanolaminates in a Composite Oxide–High-κ-Oxide Stack for Floating-Gate Flash Memory Devices (2007)

We demonstrate the electrical properties and reliability of ZrO2–Al2O3 nanolaminates as high-κ dielectric materials in a composite oxide–high-κ-oxide (OKO) stack for floating-gate flash memory devices with 40 nm technology nodes and beyond. The effects of incorporating thin Al2O3 layers into ZrO2 films as an inserting layer and a capping layer on the electrical properties and reliability are discussed. The incorporation of Al2O3 layers significantly improves the leakage current versus the capacitive-equivalent thickness (CET) and TDDB characteristics of the ZrO2–Al2O3 nanolaminate compared with those of the pure ZrO2 owing to the mismatch of the grain boundaries, improved resistance to silicon diffusion, and enhanced energetic-electron hardness of the high-κ film.
Amplified spontaneous emission in pulse-pumped Raman amplifiers (2003)

We discuss amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) generated in Raman amplifiers that are counter-pumped with trains of pulses. Our experimental and theoretical results show that if the peak power of the pump pulses is too high, the ASE output from the amplifier can be significantly higher than that from a continuous-wave pumped amplifier providing the same gain. This effect places a lower limit on the duty cycle of pump pulses one can use for a given level of Raman gain. Furthermore, we report an additional ASE enhancement if there is insufficient walkoff between the pump pulses and copropagating ASE to average the effects of higher frequency pump intensity noise. As a result, less pump intensity noise can be tolerated when pulse-pumping a fiber having a zero-dispersion wavelength located midway between the pump and signal wavelengths.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrodecamycin, a New Antimicrobial Antibiotic from Streptomyces. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monte Carlo-Alternative Probabilistic Simulations for Analog Systems (2006)

Probabilistic system simulations for analog circuits have traditionally been handled with Monte Carlo analysis. For a manufacturable design, fast and accurate simulations are necessary for time-to-market, design for manufacturability and yield concerns. In this paper, a fast and accurate probabilistic simulation alternative is proposed targeting the simulation of analog systems. The proposed method shows high accuracy for performance estimation combined with a 100-fold reduction in run-time with respect to a 1000-sample Monte Carlo analysis
Simulation of Discontinuities in Physical System Models Based on Conservation Principles (1998)

Bond graphs are a powerful and elegant formalism for modeling the continuous dynamics of physical systems.Hybrid bond graphs augment traditional bond graphs by a variable causality switching element to facilitate models with mixed continuous/discrete, hybrid, behavior. This paper describes an experimental hybrid bond graph simulator, HYBRSIM that handles (i) dynamic reconfiguration of the state vector, and (ii) recomputing state variable values based on conservation principles when additional constraints become active. Simulation applies graph propagation as opposed to explicit equation generation. One discrete state change may cause a number of further instantaneous state changes. HYBRSIM supports the two basic types of event iteration caused by parameter and time scale abstraction.
Beyond Anatomy: The Role of Molecular Imaging in the Evaluation of Low Back Pain (2023)

Abstract Purpose of Review To review the role of molecular imaging modalities in the evaluation of low back pain and identification of active pain generators. Recent Findings Low back pain is a common condition associated with high utilization of imaging. Identification of a pain source in patients with nonspecific low back pain is an important clinical challenge. However, there is inadequate correlation between anatomic findings on CT and MRI with symptoms of back pain, or clinical response to therapeutic procedures including injection or surgery. In contrast, molecular imaging modalities including single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) with bone-targeting radiotracers like Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and 18 F-NaF paired with CT or MRI demonstrate promise to improve test specificity in identification of pain generators in the spine. An accurate identification of pain source in patients with back pain is important in guiding therapeutic interventions including injection and surgery. Summary Molecular imaging modalities have demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy in identifying active pain generators and predicting response to therapeutic intervention compared to anatomic imaging alone.
11 GHz CMOS ΣΔ frequency synthesiser (2006)

A fully integrated 11 GHz fractional-N PLL with a three-stage MASH ΣΔ modulator with DC dither in all stages is implemented in a standard 0.13 µm CMOS technology. The synthesiser generates no fractional spurs at frequency offsets outside the loop bandwidth and a small number of fractional spurs with the power not exceeding −44 dBc within the loop bandwidth at the carrier frequency of 11 GHz.
Escitalopram in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (2012)

The current data suggest that up to 50% of patients with schizophrenia have obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms coexisting with psychosis and between 7.8 and 46% of schizophrenia patients also have full-blown obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the most selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram in the management of OCD in schizophrenia patients. The study was an open-label prospective trial of 12 weeks' duration in which escitalopram at a dose of up to 20 mg/day was added to the existing antipsychotic drug regimen in schizophrenia patients with OCD. Fifteen patients (10 men/five women) with the diagnosis of schizophrenia and OCD were recruited for the study (mean age: 39±14, range 21-61 years) and received escitalopram according to the study design. A significant improvement was observed in the total Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores and in the scores of both the Y-BOCS-Obsession and the Y-BOCS-Compulsion subscale at the end point. In addition, a significant improvement was observed in the total scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and particularly in scores of anxiety, tension, depression, and preoccupation items. No adverse effects of escitalopram were reported by patients during the trial. In our prospective 12-week open-label study, escitalopram 20 mg/day was well tolerated and improved OC symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Our preliminary results are encouraging and a double-blind randomized study is required to confirm our results.