gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications and implications for extended reality to improve binocular vision and stereopsis (2023)

Extended reality (XR) devices, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) devices, are immersive technologies that can swap or merge the natural environment with virtual content (e.g., videogames, movies, or other content). Although these devices are widely used for playing videogames and other applications, they have one distinct feature that makes them potentially very useful for the measurement and treatment of binocular vision anomalies-they can deliver different content to the two eyes simultaneously. Indeed, horizontally shifting the images in the two eyes (thereby creating binocular disparity) can provide the user with a compelling percept of depth through stereopsis. Because these devices are stereoscopic, they can also be used as high-tech synoptophores, in which the images to the two eyes differ in contrast, luminance, size, position, and content for measuring and treating binocular anomalies. The inclusion of eye tracking in VR adds an additional dimension to its utility in measuring and treating binocular vision anomalies, as well as other conditions. This paper describes the essential requirements for testing and treating binocular anomalies and reviews current studies in which XR devices have been used to measure and treat binocular vision anomalies.
Modeling Conformance as Dispersion (2004)

Summary For decades the effect of physical dispersion (in-situ mixing) in porous media has been of interest in reservoir engineering and groundwater hydrology. Dispersion can affect the development of multi-contact miscibility and bank breakdown in enriched gas drives and miscible solvent floods of any mobility ratio. The magnitude or extent of dispersion is quantified by the rock property physical dispersivity (α) which is the order of 0.01 ft for consolidated rocks and several times smaller for sand-packs, from many laboratory measurements. Numerical studies of the effect of dispersion on enriched gas drives and field tracer tests often use input values of dispersivity 100 to 1000 or more times larger than ~0.01 ft. These large input dispersivity values stem from large apparent dispersivities (αa) determined by matching the one-dimensional convection-diffusion (1D CD) equation to production well effluent tracer concentration profiles observed in field tracer tests. The large apparent dispersivities reflect conformance or other behavior not governed by the 1D CD equation and should not be used to justify large physical dispersivity as input to numerical studies. This paper shows that large apparent dispersivities observed in field tests can result with physical dispersivity no larger ~0.01 ft lab-measured value. Heterogeneity alone (no physical dispersivity or molecular diffusion) causes no in-situ mixing and cannot explain observed large apparent echo dispersivities. Large apparent echo dispersivities for two reported field tracer tests are shown to result from the effect of drift alone with no dispersion. The widely reported scale-dependence of apparent dispersivity is a simple and necessary consequence of mis-applying the 1D CD equation, with its single parameter of Peclet number L/α, to conformance it does not describe. Apparent dispersivity is scale-dependent but physical dispersivity is a rock property independent of scale and time.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Aberrant Expression of Mucin Core Proteins and O-Linked Glycans Associated with Progression of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 25K&lt;/p&gt;
Normothermic Preservation of “Multiple Organ Blocks” with a New Perfluorooctyl Bromide Emulsion (1994)

To evaluate the efficiency of fluorocarbon emulsions as oxygenating media for the normothermic preservation of organs (multiple organ blocks, MOB), a new perfluorooctyl bromide (perflubron) emulsion was compared with a mixture of modified Krebs solution and blood. The fluorocarbon emulsion used (90% w/v of fluorocarbon) contained a low amount of egg yolk phospholipid (EYP, 2% w/v) and was stabilized by a mixed fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon amphiphile C6F13C10H21 (F6H10). Blood of 4 rat MOBs was replaced with a 36% w/v fluorocarbon emulsion which has been complemented with albumin and electrolytes (EMOBs). 5 MOBs were perfused with a mixture of blood and albumin-containing Krebs solution (KBMOBs). Lactate, amylase and creatine kinase were lower (p < 0.05) at 60 and 120 min in EMOBs than in KBMOBs,
The Asymptotic Consensus Problem on Convex Metric Spaces (2014)

A consensus problem consists of a group of dynamic agents who seek to agree upon certain quantities of interest. The agents exchange information according to a communication network modeled as a directed time-varying graph and evolve in a convex metric space; a metric space endowed with a convex structure. In this paper we generalize the asymptotic consensus problem to convex metric spaces. Under weak connectivity assumptions, we show that if at each iteration an agent updates its state by choosing a point from a particular subset of the generalized convex hull generated by the agent's current state and the states of its neighbors, then agreement is achieved asymptotically. In addition, we present several examples of convex metric spaces and their corresponding agreement algorithms.
Cluster emission during sputtering of liquid gallium-aluminum eutectic alloy (1995)

Abundance distributions of ionic and neutral clusters sputtered by 4 keV argon ion impacts on a liquid gallium-aluminum eutectic alloy have been measured by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To photoionize the neutral species, a 193 nm (6.4 eV) ArF laser has been used. Neutral and ionic clusters as large as Ga14 and mixed clusters of the form GanAl with n≤13 were detected. The abundance of the monoaluminum mixed clusters is found to increase with nuclearity and is discussed as the consequence of an increasing clusters depth of origin as the nuclearity increases. A comparison of the results with those obtained from the gallium-indium eutectic alloy reveals a similar cluster nuclearity dependence of the depth of origin.
A Blood Pressure Genetic Risk Score Is a Significant Predictor of Incident Cardiovascular Events in 32 669 Individuals (2013)

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with blood pressure (BP). We investigated whether genetic risk scores (GRSs) constructed of these variants would predict incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We genotyped 32 common single nucleotide polymorphisms in several Finnish cohorts, with up to 32,669 individuals after exclusion of prevalent CVD cases. The median follow-up was 9.8 years, during which 2295 incident CVD events occurred. We created GRSs separately for systolic BP and diastolic BP by multiplying the risk allele count of each single nucleotide polymorphism by the effect size estimated in published genome-wide association studies. We performed Cox regression analyses with and without adjustment for clinical factors, including BP at baseline in each cohort. The results were combined by inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis. The GRSs were strongly associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, and baseline hypertension (all P<10(-62)). Hazard ratios comparing the highest quintiles of systolic BP and diastolic BP GRSs with the lowest quintiles after adjustment for age, age squared, and sex were 1.25 (1.07-1.46; P=0.006) and 1.23 (1.05-1.43; P=0.01), respectively, for incident coronary heart disease; 1.24 (1.01-1.53; P=0.04) and 1.35 (1.09-1.66; P=0.005), respectively, for incident stroke; and 1.23 (1.08-1.40; P=2 × 10(-6)) and 1.26 (1.11-1.44; P=5 × 10(-4)), respectively, for composite CVD. In conclusion, BP findings from genome-wide association studies are strongly replicated. GRSs comprising bona fide BP-single nucleotide polymorphisms predicted CVD risk, consistent with a lifelong effect on BP of these variants collectively.
A Novel Role for TL1A/DR3 in Protection against Intestinal Injury and Infection (2016)

TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is expressed on APCs and provides costimulatory signals to activated lymphocytes that bear its functional receptor, death receptor 3 (DR3). TL1A/DR3 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of human and experimental inflammatory bowel disease. In the current study, we investigated the role of this cytokine/receptor pair in acute intestinal injury/repair pathways. We demonstrate that intact DR3 signaling protected mice from acute dextran sodium sulfate colitis because DR3(-/-) mice showed more severe mucosal inflammation and increased mortality. DR3(-/-) mice were compromised in their ability to maintain adequate numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in response to acute mucosal damage. This defect in immune regulation led to a nonspecific upregulation of effector proinflammatory pathways, which was most prominent for the Th17 immunophenotype. TL1A(-/-) mice were similarly more susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate colitis, although without mortality and with delayed kinetics compared with DR3(-/-) mice, and also displayed significantly reduced numbers of regulatory T cells. Infection of DR3(-/-) mice with Salmonella typhimurium was associated with defective microbial clearance and elevated bacterial load. Taken together, our findings indicate a novel protective role for the TL1A/DR3 axis in the regulation of mucosal homeostasis during acute intestinal injury/repair, which contrasts with its known pathogenic function during chronic intestinal inflammation.
Calibrated Recommendations as a Minimum-Cost Flow Problem (2023)

Calibration in recommender systems has recently gained significant attention. In the recommended list of items, calibration ensures that the various (past) areas of interest of a user are reflected with their corresponding proportions. For instance, if a user has watched, say, 80 romance movies and 20 action movies, then it is reasonable to expect the recommended list of movies to be comprised of about 80% romance and 20% action movies as well. Calibration is particularly important given that optimizing towards accuracy often leads to the user's minority interests being dominated by their main interests, or by a few overall popular items, in the recommendations they receive. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the max flow problem for generating calibrated recommendations. In a series of experiments using two publicly available datasets, we demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed approach compared to the state-of-the-art in generating relevant and calibrated recommendation lists.
Quantification of Polyphenols and Pharmacological Analysis of Water and Ethanol-Based Extracts of Cultivated Agarwood Leaves (2012)

Mangiferin (3) and genkwanin 5-O-β-primeveroside (5) are the two major bioactive polyphenols with laxative property present in the extracts of agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) leaves (AL). Here we developed an HPLC method to determine these bioactive components and four other major polyphenols in AL extracts and evaluated the pharmacological equivalence of organic and water extracts. Using mobile phase gradient conditions combined with UV detection at 330 nm, all six compounds were separated and we determined the relative extraction ratios of the six compounds present in A. sinensis extracts that were prepared under different conditions and compared the contents of the two laxative polyphenols present in the 60% ethanol extracts of A. sinensis and A. crassna. The polyphenols present in water extracts of 13 commercially cultivated A. crassna plants have also been analyzed. The laxative properties of 60% ethanol and four water extracts of A. crassna were evaluated by the frequency and weight of stools in loperamide-induced constipation model mice. The pharmacological equivalence of 60% ethanol extract and hot water (95°C) extract was identified in mice.
Analysis of a laminar-flow diffusional mixer for directed self-assembly of liposomes (2012)

The present work describes the operation and simulation of a microfluidic laminar-flow mixer. Diffusive mixing takes place between a core solution containing lipids in ethanol and a sheath solution containing aqueous buffer, leading to self assembly of liposomes. Present device architecture hydrodynamically focuses the lipid solution into a cylindrical core positioned at the center of a microfluidic channel of 125 × 125-μm(2) cross-section. Use of the device produces liposomes in the size range of 100-300 nm, with larger liposomes forming at greater ionic strength in the sheath solution and at lower lipid concentration in the core solution. Finite element simulations compute the concentration distributions of solutes at axial distances of greater than 100 channel widths. These simulations reduce computation time and enable computation at long axial distances by utilizing long hexahedral elements in the axial flow region and fine tetrahedral elements in the hydrodynamic focusing region. Present meshing technique is generally useful for simulation of long microfluidic channels and is fully implementable using comsol Multiphysics. Confocal microscopy provides experimental validation of the simulations using fluorescent solutions containing fluorescein or enhanced green fluorescent protein.
Quantitative Differences in Immune Responses in Mouse Strains that Differ in their Susceptibility to Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection (2009)

We compared the relative resistance and soluble variant surface glycoprotein (VSG)-specific responses in (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)-F1 (B6B-F1) and C3H mice during infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei, the hemoprotozoan parasite causing a debilitating disease in man and livestock. We demonstrated that C3H mice are relatively more trypanosusceptible, as evidenced by their reduced ability to control parasitemia and shorter survival time, than B6B-F1 mice. Quantitative differences in the pattern of cytokine and antibody (Ab) production were observed between the 2 mouse strains following infection with T. b. brucei. Thus, although both mouse strains recorded detectable levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, NO and IL-10 in plasma and lymph nodes, as well as plasma IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 Abs against VSG, the susceptible C3H mice only exhibited trace levels of Abs of all isotypes and yet produced elevated levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and NO, compared to the relatively trypanotolerant B6B-F1 mice. In aggregate, these data strongly suggest that trypanosome-infected C3H mice have an immunological defect, manifested not only by suppression at the B cell clonal level, but also at the level of protective T cell and macrophage phenotypes.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipophilic Bis(monoazacrown ether)s as Phase‐Transfer Catalysts Under Solid‐Liquid Two‐Phase Conditions. (1988)

Abstract The extent of complexation of ligands (I) and (V) and dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6 with halides MX (M: Li, Na, K, Cs, NH 4 ; X: I and M: Na, K; X: Cl, Br) under liquid‐liquid (toluene/H2O) and liquid‐solid conditions is determined.
Supplementary Table S2 from A Phase II Trial of Dovitinib in BCG-Unresponsive Urothelial Carcinoma with <i>FGFR3</i> Mutations or Overexpression: Hoosier Cancer Research Network Trial HCRN 12-157 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2: Cystectomy Pathologic Staging&lt;/p&gt;
Data from <i>CHFR</i> Promoter Methylation Indicates Poor Prognosis in Stage II Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Data on the prognostic significance of promoter CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) are conflicting, possibly due to associations between methylation and other factors affecting survival such as genetic alterations and use of adjuvant therapy. Here, we examine the prognostic impact of promoter methylation in patients with CRC treated with surgery alone in the context of microsatellite instability (MSI), &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Methods:&lt;/b&gt; One hundred and seventy-three CRCs were analyzed for promoter methylation of 19 tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes, the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), MSI, the exon 15 V600E &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; mutation and &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; codon 12 and 13 mutations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on methylation status of 19 genes revealed three subgroups: cluster 1 [CL1, 57% (98/173) of CRCs], cluster 2 [CL2, 25% (43/173) of CRCs], and cluster 3 [CL3, 18% (32/173) of CRCs]. CL3 had the highest methylation index (0.25, 0.49, and 0.69, respectively, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = &lt;0.01) and was strongly associated with CIMP (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Subgroup analysis for tumor stage, MSI, and &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; status showed no statistically significant differences in survival between CL1, CL2, and CL3 nor between CIMP and non-CIMP CRCs. Analyzing genes separately revealed that &lt;i&gt;CHFR&lt;/i&gt; promoter methylation was associated with a poor prognosis in stage II, microsatellite stability (MSS), &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; wild-type (WT) CRCs: multivariate Cox proportional HR = 3.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.58–9.60, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 66] and HR = 2.11 (95% CI, 0.95–4.69, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.068, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 136) in a second independent population-based study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;CHFR&lt;/i&gt; promoter CpG island methylation, which is associated with MSI, also occurs frequently in MSS CRCs and is a promising prognostic marker in stage II, MSS, &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; WT CRCs. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3261–71. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Google+Ripples (2013)

G+ Ripples is a visualization of information flow that shows users how public posts are shared on Google+. Unlike other social network visualizations, Ripples exists as a "native" visualization: it is directly accessible from public posts on Google+. This unique position leads to both new constraints and new possibilities for design. We describe the visualization technique, which is a new mix of node-and-link and circular treemap metaphors. We then describe user reactions as well as some of the patterns of sharing that are made evident by the Ripples visualization.
Erratum for: Miniaturized antipodal tapered slot antenna with lower frequency band extension characteristic (2017)

In the above-mentioned article, which appeared in Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Volume 59#7, DOI 30578, the corresponding author was listed incorrectly. The correct information is shown below: Correspondence Y. J. Yoon, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Email: yjyoon@yonsei.ac.kr The publisher regrets any confusion caused by this error.
In-memory Realization of In-situ Few-shot Continual Learning with a Dynamically Evolving Explicit Memory (2022)

Continually learning new classes from few training examples without forgetting previous old classes demands a flexible architecture with an inevitably growing portion of storage, in which new examples and classes can be incrementally stored and efficiently retrieved. One viable architectural solution is to tightly couple a stationary deep neural network to a dynamically evolving explicit memory (EM). As the centerpiece of this architecture, we propose an EM unit that leverages energy-efficient in-memory compute (IMC) cores during the course of continual learning operations. We demonstrate for the first time how the EM unit can physically superpose multiple training examples, expand to accommodate unseen classes, and perform similarity search during inference, using operations on an IMC core based on phase-change memory (PCM). Specifically, the physical superposition of few encoded training examples is realized via in-situ progressive crystallization of PCM devices. The classification accuracy achieved on the IMC core remains within a range of 1.28%-2.5% compared to that of the state-of-the-art full-precision baseline software model on both the CIFAR-100 and miniImageNet datasets when continually learning 40 novel classes (from only five examples per class) on top of 60 old classes.
Discovery of curcumin inspired sulfonamide derivatives as a new class of carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX, and XII inhibitors (2017)

A series of curcumin inspired sulfonamide derivatives was prepared from various chalcones and 4-sulfamoyl benzaldehyde via Claisen-Schmidt condensation. All new compounds were assayed as inhibitors of four human isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms hCA I, II, IX and XII. Interesting inhibitory activities were observed against all these isoforms. hCA I, an isoform involved in several eye diseases was inhibited moderately with K<sub>I</sub>s in the range of 191.8-904.2 nM, hCA II, an antiglaucoma drug target was highly inhibited by the new sulfonamides, with K<sub>I</sub>s in the range of 0.75-8.8 nM. hCA IX, a tumor-associated isoform involved in cancer progression and metastatic spread was potently inhibited by the new sulfonamides, with K<sub>I</sub>s in the range of 2.3-87.3 nM, whereas hCA XII, and antiglaucoma and anticancer drug target, was inhibited with K<sub>I</sub>s in the range of 6.1-71.8 nM. It is noteworthy that one of the new compounds, 5d, was found to be almost 9 times more selective against hCA II (K<sub>I</sub> = 0.89 nM) over hCA IX and hCA XII, whereas 5e was 3 and 70 times more selective against hCA II (K<sub>I</sub> = 0.75 nM) over hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively.
Loss Mechanisms of High-Turning Supercritical Compressor Cascades (2008)

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on loss mechanisms of two high-turning compressor cascades at supercritical flow conditions. It is part of a comprehensive advanced compressor blade development program, in which three cascades were designed at a higher supercritical speed (M 1 = 0.87) for a transonic fan stator hub section. The cascades had the same solidity and blade chord but differed significantly in blade profiles. The baseline profile was a conventional controlled diffusion airfoil. The other two were state-of-the-art optimized designs and were experimentally confirmed to outperform the baseline. The first optimized cascade (optimized A) and its performance was published in Song and Ng (Song, B., and Ng, W., Performance and Flow Characteristics of an Optimized Supercritical Compressor Stator Cascade, Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 128, July 2006, pp. 435-443). The current paper focuses on comparing the baseline and the second optimized cascade (optimized B) to complement the first publication. Cascade test results are presented to show significant loss reduction (about 30%) from the baseline to the optimized profiles. Experimental and numerical analyses to understand the flow physics underlying the loss reduction are detailed using the following: wake profile, blade surface Mach number, shadowgraph, and blade surface flow visualization. It was found that severe boundary-layer separation occurred in the baseline cascade, whereas the boundary layer of the optimized cascades was well controlled from separation. An understanding of the low-loss flow pattern and design philosophy for high-turning compressor blades at higher supercritical flow conditions, exemplified by the two optimized cascades and relative to the controlled diffusion airfoil, is summarized.