gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Copper Based Plating Process Resulting in Efficiencies above 20.5% Using Pilot Processing Equipment (2013)

Despite cost and technological advantages, the commercialization of nickel/copper (Ni/Cu) plated contacts has so far been limited. Reasons for this include increased process complexity, availability of suitable lowcost production tools, and doubts over long-term reliability. We previously reported on a simple Cu based metallization sequence consisting of i) defining the front contact pattern by ps-UV laser ablation ii) self-aligned plating of the contacts using Ni/Cu/Ag and finally iii) sintering in N2 for nickel silicidation. We also reported that 10 cells strings modules featuring these Ni/Cu/Ag contacts met extended (1.5x) IEC61215 criteria for thermal cycling and damp heat reliability. In this work, this process sequence is transferred to 156x156 mmm2 substrates using pilotline processing equipment available at imec that include inline plating and sintering tools. The process sequence is further simplified to yield an industrial 0.5μm deep emitter without compromising efficiency results nor ribbon pull force values (average &gt;3N/mm). This 0.5μm emitter also proves to be more robust to changes in sheet resistance induced during processing than the previously used high-efficiency 1μm deep homogeneous emitter. Applying the 0.5μm deep emitter and optimizing both front grid design and plating thickness we demonstrate efficiencies above 20% on 109 cells (average of 20.5%), with the best cell achieving 20.7% (externally confirmed by FhG-ISE CalLab).
Interferon Alpha Subtype-Specific Suppression of HIV-1 InfectionIn Vivo (2016)

The naturally occurring antiviral protein IFN-α2 is used to treat hepatitis viruses but has proven rather ineffective against HIV in comparison to triple therapy with the antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Although ARVs suppress the replication of HIV, they fail to completely clear infections. Since IFN-α acts by different mechanism than ARVs and has been shown to reduce HIV proviral loads, clinical trials are under way to test whether IFN-α2 combined with ARVs might eradicate HIV-1 infections. IFN-α is actually a family of 12 distinct proteins, and each IFN-α subtype has different efficacies toward different viruses. Here, we use mice that contain a human immune system, so they can be infected with HIV. With this model, we demonstrate that while IFN-α2 is only weakly effective against HIV, IFN-α14 is extremely potent. This discovery identifies IFN-α14 as a more powerful IFN-α subtype for use in combination therapy trials aimed toward an HIV cure.
Electrochemical Deposition with Redox Replacement of Lanthanum with Uranium in Molten LiCl-KCl (2023)

Electrochemical recovery of dilute concentrations of actinides from spent nuclear fuel would reduce the longevity of storing high-level nuclear waste. Electrochemical deposition with redox replacement (EDRR) is used in a molten salt medium for the selective electrochemical recovery of uranium in the presence of excess concentrations of lanthanum. In each EDRR cycle, after a short electrodeposition pulse, the deposited lanthanum is spontaneously replaced by uranium at open circuit. After repeated cycles, uranium metal was obtained on a tungsten electrode immersed in a LiCl-KCl melt that contained 1 wt% lanthanum chloride—0.15 wt% uranium (IV) chloride. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis revealed uranium particles approximately 0.5−1 μ m with well-defined rectangular shapes; and with 20–60 times more uranium recovered on the surface of the electrode than lanthanum.
Low cardiac content of long-chain acylcarnitines in TMLHE knockout mice prevents ischaemia-reperfusion-induced mitochondrial and cardiac damage (2021)

Increased tissue content of long-chain acylcarnitines may induce mitochondrial and cardiac damage by stimulating ROS production. N<sup>6</sup>-trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD) is the first enzyme in the carnitine/acylcarnitine biosynthesis pathway. Inactivation of the TMLHE gene (TMLHE KO) in mice is expected to limit long-chain acylcarnitine synthesis and thus induce a cardio- and mitochondria-protective phenotype. TMLHE gene deletion in male mice lowered acylcarnitine concentrations in blood and cardiac tissues by up to 85% and decreased fatty acid oxidation by 30% but did not affect muscle and heart function in mice. Metabolome profile analysis revealed increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a global shift in fatty acid content from saturated to unsaturated lipids. In the risk area of ischemic hearts in TMLHE KO mouse, the OXPHOS-dependent respiration rate and OXPHOS coupling efficiency were fully preserved. Additionally, the decreased long-chain acylcarnitine synthesis rate in TMLHE KO mice prevented ischaemia-reperfusion-induced ROS production in cardiac mitochondria. This was associated with a 39% smaller infarct size in the TMLHE KO mice. The arrest of the acylcarnitine biosynthesis pathway in TMLHE KO mice prevents ischaemia-reperfusion-induced damage in cardiac mitochondria and decreases infarct size. These results confirm that the decreased accumulation of ROS-increasing fatty acid metabolism intermediates prevents mitochondrial and cardiac damage during ischaemia-reperfusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Properties, and Some Chemical Reactions of Phenaleno(1,9‐bc)furan. (1989)

Abstract The title compound (V) is prepared for the first time in 24% overall yield starting from the naphthofuran ester (I).
Standardized Mixed-Meal Tolerance and Arginine Stimulation Tests Provide Reproducible and Complementary Measures of β-Cell Function: Results From the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Consortium Investigative Series (2016)

Standardized MMTT and AST provide reproducible and complementary measures of BCF with characteristics favorable for longitudinal interventional trials use.
Association between arterial stiffness and the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs). (2006)

The relationship between the flexibility of atherosclerotic vessels and RBC deformability has been investigated. A significant difference of RBC deformability was found among the arterial stiffness groups classified by oscillometric measurement of blood pressure. The deformability was determined by direct microscopic observation of RBCs subjected to shear stress of 0.3 to 40.0 Pa with a rotating rheoscope. The deformability of stiffen group - abnormal pulse wave pattern group or moderate cardiovascular risk group - was found to be much higher than that of normal groups in wide shear stress region (3.0, 10.0, 30.0, and 40.0 Pa). We postulate that the body adapts high shear stress in vivo by making RBCs more distensible, and therefore less likely to rupture under strain or microcirculatory alterations.
Sensor Selection and Stage & Result Classifications for Automated Miniature Screwdriving (2018)

Hundreds of billions of small screws are assembled in consumer electronics industry every year, yet reliably automating the screwdriving process remains one of the most challenging tasks. Two barriers to further adoption of robotic threaded fastening systems are system cost and technical challenges, especially for small screws. An affordable intelligent screwdriving system that can support online stage and result classification is the first step to bridge the gap. To this end, starting from a state transition graph of screwdriving processes and a labeled screwdriving dataset (1862 runs of M1.4 screws) on multiple sensor signals, we develop classification algorithms and perform sensor reduction. Fast and accurate result classifiers are developed using linear discriminant analysis, while a wrapper method for feature subset selection is used to identify the optimal feature subset and corresponding sensor signals to reduce cost. A stage classifier based on decision tree is developed using the optimal sensor subset. The stage classifier achieves high accuracy in realtime prediction of various stages when augmented with the state transition graph.
Controlling Activity by Self-Assembly – Tuning Perylene Bisimide Photocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2020)

Amino acid functionalised perylene bisimides (PBIs) form self-assembled structures in solution, the nature of which depends on the local environment. Using a high throughput photocatalysis set-up, we have studied five PBIs for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under a range of conditions (pH and hole scavenger concentration) across 350 experiments to explore the relationship between supramolecular structure and photocatalytic activity. Using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we show that photocatalytic activity is determined by the nature of the self-assembled aggregate that is formed with a correlation between the presence of charged flexible cylindrical aggregates and high levels of H2. Our work highlights the complexity of designing supramolecular photocatalysts, and also the power of tuning activity by the type of aggregate that is formed.
Light Wave Coupled Flat Panel Displays and Solid-State Lighting Using Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Materials (2005)

We present a review of light-emitting materials and devices that combine inorganic and organic lumophores and hosts. The essence of this hybrid inorganic/organic (I/O) approach is to combine materials, structures and devices from each category in such a way as to obtain best-of-both-worlds performance. The combination of high power/high efficiency inorganic light pump sources with high conversion efficiency organic lumophores is discussed in detail. In this type of Hybrid I/O device, near-ultraviolet (UV) or blue pump light is selectively converted to various visible colors based on the molecular structure of each lumophore. Since the lumophores are optically pumped their reliability is greatly increased compared to electrically pumped organic emitters. Methods for coupling the light from pumps to lumophores include direct path excitation (DPE) and light wave coupling (LWC). DPE uses one pump per lumophore pixel, which allows for active matrix style addressing, but requires large arrays of pumps. LWC uses either a single source or a small number of pump sources. To obtain pixelation for Hybrid I/O LWC devices we have developed a novel electrowetting switching method. Examples of Hybrid I/O displays and solid-state lighting are discussed.
QoE optimization for adaptive streaming with multiple VBR videos (2015)

Multi-bitrate streaming, especially HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), is becoming popular for video delivery in multimedia network. In this trend, a video is encoded into different versions with different quality levels. Based on the current conditions, a client can adaptively choose the most suitable encoded version. However, the adoption of HAS in managed network (e.g. IPTV) has many challenges because of the purely client-driven approach of current HAS which causes competing behavior, excessive quality oscillations, and thus negatively impacting quality of experience (QoE). Some recent studies have proposed network-based solutions to overcome these problems; however, they just target at constant bitrate (CBR) videos. In this paper, we propose a new method that allows components inside the network to select an adapted version for each HAS client. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the quality optimization when streaming multiple variable bitrate (VBR) videos. The experimental result show that our method can provide in real-time the optimal version for each client with the best possible quality while meeting the constraints of overall bandwidth and delay.
Ligand-insensitive State of Cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ Channels (1998)

The mechanism by which ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels open in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of ATP remains unknown. Herein, using a four-state kinetic model, we found that the nucleotide diphosphate UDP directed cardiac KATP channels to operate within intraburst transitions. These transitions are not targeted by ATP, nor the structurally unrelated sulfonylurea glyburide, which inhibit channel opening by acting on interburst transitions. Therefore, the channel remained insensitive to ATP and glyburide in the presence of UDP. "Rundown" of channel activity decreased the efficacy with which UDP could direct and maintain the channel to operate within intraburst transitions. Under this condition, the channel was sensitive to inhibition by ATP and glyburide despite the presence of UDP. This behavior of the KATP channel could be accounted for by an allosteric model of ligand-channel interaction. Thus, the response of cardiac KATP channels towards inhibitory ligands is determined by the relative lifetime the channel spends in a ligand-sensitive versus -insensitive state. Interconversion between these two conformational states represents a novel basis for KATP channel opening in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of ATP in a cardiac cell.
Mid-infrared photonics in silicon (2011)

Silicon waveguides have, to date, largely been designed to operate near the telecommunication bands in the near infrared. The mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths, which range from two to twenty microns, are critical for a number of application areas, including chemical bond spectroscopy and thermal imaging. We show results, using commercially available silicon-on-sapphire wafers, for low-loss (4.0 dB/cm) waveguides and what we believe to be the first working microresonators operating at wavelengths around 5.5 um in silicon guides with Q-values as high as 3.0 k. This talk will discuss the applications for mid-infrared integrated photonics in the silicon system, particularly for sensing and nonlinear optics.
Allergen-specific IgE levels and the ability of IgE-allergen complexes to cross-link determine the extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation (2019)

The extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation depends on the concentration of allergen-specific IgE and the cross-linking ability of IgE-allergen complexes.
Stochastic Simulation of the Early Stages of Kinetically Limited Electrodeposition (2006)

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate nucleation and early stages of growth during metal electrodeposition at low overpotentials, where the kinetics of attachment of atoms to the electrode surface is rate-limiting. The surface diffusion energy barriers and deposition rate constants were varied to determine their effects on the deposition of metal onto a (111)-oriented facet of a face-centered cubic substrate material. The cluster density, average cluster size, and average cluster height were obtained from simulations. Over the range of parameters investigated here, the highest cluster densities were achieved when the metal-on-substrate surface diffusion rate was low relative to the metal-on-metal surface diffusion rate. It was found that the cluster density was highest after 0.3 equivalent monolayers had been deposited.
Proposal of three-dimensional phase contrast holographic microscopy (2007)

We propose a three-dimensional phase contrast digital holographic microscopy. The object to be observed is a low-contrast transparent refractive index distribution sample, such as biological tissue. Low contrast phase objects are converted to high contrast images through the microscopy we propose. In order to gain high three-dimensional resolution, the direction of pump plane wave is scanned, and separate holographic images produced at each angle are acquired and decoded into complex amplitude in Fourier space. The three-dimensional image is reconstructed in a computer from all information acquired through the system. The resolution in the direction of the optical axis is increased by utilizing a 4pi configuration of objective lenzes.
New experiment stations at KEK Slow Positron Facility (2013)

Recent development of the Slow Positron Facility at the Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) is reported. The facility, equipped with a dedicated 55 MeV linac, provides a high-intensity, pulsed slow-positron beam. The beam is produced in a production unit at a high tension of up to 35 kV and guided magnetically through a grounded beam line, and then branched using compact branching units in the experiment hall. An overview, some details of three experiments currently conducted and the outlook of the facility are described.
Turbo-equalization of the remaining interference in a pre-distorted non-linear satellite channel (2014)

In satellite broadcast and broadband communication systems, it is desirable to relax as much as possible the complexity of terminals for feeder-to-user links. Pre-distortion algorithms are therefore considered at the transmitter side to compensate for the non-linear interference induced by the channel. In case of large channel lengths and multi-level constellations, remaining interference after pre-distortion may however still be significant. In this paper, we show that the system performance can be improved by combining a pre-distortion algorithm with a low-complexity turbo-equalization structure at the receiver side. This structure relies on the observation that the interference before pre-distortion and the remaining interference after pre-distortion are correlated.
Scattering-Probe-Imaging of the Field Confinement on Tapered Metal-Wire Waveguides (2009)

Using a recently developed scattering-probe-imaging technique, we observe strong confinement of the THz electric field at the end of a tapered metal-wire waveguide compared to an un-tapered wire. This confinement agrees well with FEM simulations.
Measurement-based characterization of 802.11 in a hotspot setting (2005)

We analyze wireless measurements taken during the SIGCOMM 2004 conference to understand how well 802.11 operates in real deployments. We find that the overhead of 802.11 is high, with only 40% of the transmission time spent in sending original data. Most of the remaining time is consumed by retransmissions due to packet losses that are caused by both contention and transmission errors. Our analysis also shows that wireless nodes adapt their transmission rates with an extremely high frequency. We comment on the difficulties and opportunities of working with wireless traces, rather than the wired traces of wireless activity that are presently more common.
A Framework of MPLS Global Label (2014)

The document defines the framework of MPLS global label including the
label allocation method for MPLS global label, the representation of
MPLS global label and the process of control plane and data plane for
MPLS global label.
Otoacoustic Emissions and Cochlear Architecture: Measurements and Modeling—A Discussion (2011)

This paper is a lightly edited transcript of the discussion devoted to the topics “Otoacoustic Emissions” and “Cochlear Architecture: Measurements and Modeling.” Moderated by the authors, the discussion took place at the 11th International Mechanics of Hearing Workshop in Williamstown, Massachusetts, July 2011.
Floorplanning of pipelined array modules using sequence pairs (2003)

Floorplanning individual pipelined array modules of a larger overall die can yield beneficial results. Critical paths in every pipeline stage of a pipelined design are roughly equivalent after synthesis. The inability of synthesis tools to predict without full placement both wire congestion and the distance traveled by a wire or wires between consecutive registers are the greatest causes of additional delay and area during place and route. This paper will detail a floorplanning methodology for pipelined arrays that is used to regulate wire congestion and the shortest/longest distances travelled by wire(s) between consecutive registers. A new wire length metric for pipelined arrays will be discussed that attempts to measure the distance travelled by wire(s) between registers. A new move set for floorplanning pipelined arrays using sequence pairs will also be introduced that significantly reduces the annealing design space from previous work. These two contributions when used together have produced up to 10% faster clock periods, 12% smaller designs, and 85% less area used to fix hold time violations in a placed and routed 0.18 μm design.
A 10-Output, Single-Inductor-Multiple-Output DC–DC Buck Converter With Integrated Output Capacitors for a Sub-mW System-on-Chip (2021)

Emerging sub-mW near-threshold-voltage system-on-chips require new power management architecture that can create multiple voltage domains with the fewest possible off-chip passives. To fulfill this need, we propose an ultra-low-power single-inductor-multiple-output dc-dc buck converter in a 65-nm CMOS process. Featuring a comparator based output switch controller and a digital pulse-width modulation controller for ultra-low feedback latency, this dc-dc converter takes 1-V input voltage and produces ten independent output voltages from 0.4 to 0.8 V at the aggregated power delivery of 0.583 mW. It has ten 200-pF on-chip output capacitors and one 82-μH off-chip inductor and achieves the peak power conversion efficiency of 83.4%.
Global 2D modeling of minority and majority substrate coupled currents (2009)

This paper presents a modeling strategy to simulate 2D propagation of electrical perturbations induced by direct biasing of substrate junctions. Identifying parasitic substrate devices such as bipolar transistors reaches rapidly its limit when multiple current paths exist as in two-dimensional devices. In this work, we propose to map the substrate using only PN junctions and diffusion resistances. The model of these components has been extended in order to satisfy the majority and minority carrier continuity equation at the boundary of the component. A typical 2D parasitic structure has been simulated and the results are in good agreements with finite element simulation. The proposed approach reduces drastically the time needed to simulate a complex structure such as a whole IC substrate.
The Firm as an Incentive System (1994)

The authors explore the twin hypotheses (1) that high-performance incentives, worker ownership of assets, and worker freedom from direct controls are complementary instruments for motivating workers, and (2) that such instruments can be expected to covary positively in cross-sectional data. They also relate their conclusions to empirical evidence, particularly that on the organization, compensation, and management of sales forces. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.
Synthesis of Novel and Uniquely Shaped 3-Azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one Derivatives by Sequential Ugi/[2+2] Ene−Enone Photocycloadditions (2007)

[structure: see text]. We report a new methodology for the construction of novel and uniquely shaped 3-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one derivatives by combining the Ugi multicomponent reaction with [2+2] enone-olefin photochemical transformations. The overall sequence is capable of creating up to five stereocenters; however, in most cases, only two diastereomers are observed.
Histamine H4 receptor ligands and their potential therapeutic applications: an update (2012)

Recent results from the scientific literature and novel patent applications reinforce the major role of H4R in inflammatory diseases such as pruritus, asthma, inflammatory pain and allergic rhinitis. Novel studies suggest further indications of H4 modulators in cancer, neuropathic pain, vestibular disorders and type 2 diabetes. The number of active H4 chemotypes was increased significantly. The first H4 antagonist entered to clinics and the results from a proof-of-concept Phase II clinical study is expected to be disclosed soon.