gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Temperature Performance of AlGaN/GaN Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Heterostructure Field-Effect-Transistors (2001)

The characteristics of novel AlGaN/GaN Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors (MOSHFETs) were measured in the temperature range of 20–300 °C. At 300 °C the leakage current of MOSHFET remains four orders of magnitude lower than that of regular HFET. The saturation current and transconductance for both types of transistors follow the temperature dependence of electron velocity in the channel. The recovery of the current collapse at elevated temperatures compensates the effect of the decrease of the steady-state saturation current with temperature. As a consequence, the saturation microwave power remains fairly constant in the temperature range 20–200 °C, varying only by about 20% or so. These results show high potential of MOSHFETs for high-temperature microwave, digital and switching applications.
Analysis of Processing Mechanism in Stealth Dicing of Ultra Thin Silicon Wafer (2008)

In this study, “stealth dicing” (SD) was applied to ultra thin wafers 50 μm in thickness. A coupling problem composed of focused laser propagation in single crystal silicon, along with laser absorption, temperature rise and heat conduction was analyzed by considering the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient. When the depth of the focal plane is too shallow, the laser is also absorbed at the surface as the thermal shock wave reaches the surface. As a result, not only is an internal modified layer generated but ablation occurs at the surface as well. When the laser is focused at the surface, strong ablation occurs. Ablation at the surface is unfavorable because of the debris pollution and thermal effect on the device domain. It was concluded that there is a suitable depth for the focal plane so that the thermal shock wave propagates inside the wafer only. The optimum irradiating conditions such as pulse energy, pulse width, spot radius, and depth of focal plane can be estimated theoretically also for ultra thin wafer.
Abstract PR02: Targeting PI3K: The PIP2 binding site (2015)

Abstract Structural biology has yielded many significant insights into inhibitor binding and isoform selectivity, directing the design of many important clinical candidates. To date, structural studies have focused on the ATP-binding site and ATP-competitive inhibitors. We have recently determined the structure of PI3Kα; in complex with the soluble lipid substrate mimetic, diC4-PIP2. The substrate binds in a positively charged pocket, defined by the activation and P-loops of the kinase domain, and the iSH2 domain of p85. The positively charged residues responsible for binding PIP2 that are present on the activation loop of Class I PI3K are missing in Class II and III PI3K. This explains why these two classes have lower affinity for PIP2. The complex structure provides insights into the catalysis and regulation of PI3K. Key interactions between the activation loop and nSH2 domain may modulate active and inactive conformations of the enzyme upon the binding of phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinases. In addition, a second lipid substrate was identified in the structure. It binds in a hydrophobic pocket between the Adaptor Binding Domain (ABD), kinase domain and iSH2 domain of p85. Fluorescence quenching studies confirm the ability of PI3K to bind an additional PIP2 molecule. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B17. Citation Format: Michelle Miller, Oleg Schmidt-Kittler, David M. Bolduc, Evan T. Brower, Daniele Chaves-Moreira, Marc Allaire, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Ian G. Jennings, Philip E. Thompson, Philip A. Cole, L. Mario Amzel, Bert Vogelstein, Sandra B. Gabelli. Targeting PI3K: The PIP2 binding site. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr PR02.
Minimum-Delay Spectrum Sensing for Multi-Band Cognitive Radios (2010)

Spectrum sensing algorithms are developed for cognitive radios to support real-time traffic. Multiple bands are sensed in parallel to reduce sensing delay, while meeting a minimum rate requirement with a prescribed outage probability. Interference constraints are also imposed to protect primary user (PU) transmissions. Both fixed sample size (FSS) and sequential sensing algorithms are developed. In the FSS sensing, a series of convex feasibility problems are solved to minimize sensing delay. In the sequential case, a bank of sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs) is employed to detect PU presence, where the detector parameters are optimized via convex optimization. Numerical tests demonstrate that the (average) sensing delay of sequential sensing is considerably smaller than that of FSS sensing.
Recognition performance of a structured language model (1999)

A new language model for speech recognition inspired by linguistic analysis is presented. The model develops hidden hierarchical structure incrementally and uses it to extract meaningful information from the word history - thus enabling the use of extended distance dependencies - in an attempt to complement the locality of currently used trigram models. The structured language model, its probabilistic parameterization and performance in a two-pass speech recognizer are presented. Experiments on the SWITCHBOARD corpus show an improvement in both perplexity and word error rate over conventional trigram models.
Optical-switchable energy transfer controlled by multiple-responsive turn-on fluorescence via metal–ligand and host–guest interactions in diarylethene-based [2]pseudo-rotaxane polymers (2020)

Multi-responsive and optically-active diarylethene (DAE)-based [2]pseudo-rotaxane polymers were prepared <italic>via</italic> host–guest interactions of Zn<sup>2+</sup> coordinated with two terpyridyl ligands bearing crown-ethers as an energy donor host and DAE containing two ammonium salts as an acceptor guest.
Enhancement of Noisy Reverberant Speech Using Polynomial Matrix Eigenvalue Decomposition (2021)

Speech enhancement is important for applications such as telecommunications, hearing aids, automatic speech recognition and voice-controlled systems. Enhancement algorithms aim to reduce interfering noise and reverberation while minimizing any speech distortion. In this work for speech enhancement, we propose to use polynomial matrices to model the spatial, spectral and temporal correlations between the speech signals received by a microphone array and polynomial matrix eigenvalue decomposition (PEVD) to decorrelate in space, time and frequency simultaneously. We then propose a blind and unsupervised PEVD-based speech enhancement algorithm. Simulations and informal listening examples involving diverse reverberant and noisy environments have shown that our method can jointly suppress noise and reverberation, thereby achieving speech enhancement without introducing processing artefacts into the enhanced signal.
Receptor-DNA Interactions: EMSA and Footprinting (2009)

Defining the precise promoter DNA sequence motifs where nuclear receptors and other transcription factors bind is an essential prerequisite for understanding how these proteins modulate the expression of their specific target genes. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with a detailed guide with respect to the materials and the key methods required to perform this type of DNA-binding analysis. Irrespective of whether starting with purified DNA-binding proteins or somewhat crude cellular extracts, the tried-and-true procedures described here will enable one to accurately access the capacity of specific proteins to bind to DNA as well as to determine the exact sequences and DNA contact nucleotides involved. For illustrative purposes, we primarily have used the interaction of the androgen receptor with the rat probasin proximal promoter as our model system.
Dosimetric Properties of Thulium-doped Strontium Aluminoborate Glasses (2018)

We investigated the photoluminescence (PL), scintillation, and dosimetric properties of strontium aluminoborate glasses with different thulium (Tm) concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0%. The Tm-doped glasses were synthesized by the conventional melt-quenching technique. In the PL and scintillation spectra, the Tm-doped samples showed a sharp peak at 460 nm due to the 4f-4f ( 1 D 2 3 F 4 ) transitions of Tm 3+ . Among the samples tested, the 0.5% Tm-doped sample exhibited the highest intensity in PL and scintillation. In thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), the Tm-doped samples showed a broad glow peak around 100 C after X-ray irradiation of 10000 mGy. The 0.5% Tm-doped sample also showed the highest TSL intensity. Furthermore, the 0.1-1.0% Tm-doped samples exhibited a linear response against X-ray doses over a range of 10 -1 -10 4 mGy.
Design And Construction Of A Fast Spectrometer For Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2007)

A fast spectrometer capable of operating at 27.8 KHz is designed and calibrated to work in the wavelength range of 700-900 nm, to perform Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT). The OCT system is based on fiber-based Michelson's interferometer set up utilizing the spectrometer at the detector end. In FD-OCT system no reference scanning is necessary and hence images can be acquired at a much faster rate without any penalty to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A broadband Ti- sapphire source is used as input to this interferometer. Data at the rate of 60 MHz is acquired from the spectrometer using a frame grabber and a DAQ card is used for synchronization and scanning of the galvanometers in the sample path. Lab-VIEW is used as interface for data collection and processing. The theoretical resolution of the spectrometer is calculated to be 0.11 nm resulting in the measurable depth range of 1.54 mm. Signal-to-noise for the system was experimentally found to be 52.05 dB. Video-rate OCT image acquisition capability of the FD-OCT system is demonstrated.
Costimulation of human CD4+ T cells with LFA-3 and B7 induce distinct effects on AP-1 and NF-kappa B transcription factors (1995)

We have earlier shown that stimulation of human CD4+ T cells with SEA presented on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-DR transfectants coexpressing either B7 or LFA-3 resulted in distinct cytokine profiles. We now demonstrate that B7, but not LFA-3, strongly costimulated IL-2 transcription and mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells. Maximal increase in IL-2 transcription was recorded with CHO-DR/B7/LFA-3, suggesting a cooperative effect of B7 and LFA-3 at the transcriptional level. Gel-shift analysis demonstrated that stimulation of CD4+ T cells with CHO-DR and staphylococcal enterotoxin A was sufficient to induce significant amounts of NF-kappa B binding proteins, whereas induction of AP-1 binding proteins required costimulation. LFA-3 induced moderate levels of AP-1, but did not influence the levels of NF-kappa B, while B7 costimulation strongly induced both AP-1 and substantially enhanced NF-kappa B binding proteins. The CHO-DR/B7/LFA-3 triple transfectant induced a further increase in AP-1 and NF-kappa B binding proteins compared with the double transfectants. The level of Oct-1 binding proteins remained similar in all samples. Super-shift analysis revealed that the NF-kappa B complex of costimulated CD4+ T cells contained large amounts of p50, substantial amounts of p65, and marginal levels of c-Rel proteins. The AP-1 binding proteins contained c-Jun, Jun-D, and Fra-1, but marginal amounts of Jun-B and c-Fos. Our results indicate distinct effects of B7 and LFA-3 costimulation on the activity of AP-1 and NF-kappa B. These may partly account for the differential effects of B7 and LFA-3 costimulation on IL-2 expression.
Quinoline‐Derived Two‐Photon‐Sensitive Octupolar Probes (2017)

A systematic study on quinoline-derived light sensitive probes, having third-order rotational symmetry is presented. The electronically linked octupolar structures show considerably improved linear and nonlinear photophysical properties under one- and two-photon irradiation conditions compared to the corresponding monomers. Photolysis of the three acetate derivatives shows strong structure dependency: whereas irradiation of the 6- and 7-aminoquinoline derivatives resulted in fast intramolecular cyclization and only trace amounts of fragmentation products, the 8-aminoquinoline derivative afforded clean and selective photolysis, with a sequential release of their acetate groups (<i>δ</i><sub>u</sub><sup>[730]</sup>=0.67 GM).
Search for a fermiophobic Higgs boson in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7 $ TeV (2012)

A bstract Combined results are reported from searches for a fermiophobic Higgs boson in the γγ, WW, and ZZ decay modes in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7 $ TeV. The explored Higgs boson mass range is 110–300 GeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9–5.1 fb −1 . A fermiophobic Higgs boson is excluded at 95% confidence level in the mass range 110–194 GeV, and at 99% confidence level in the mass ranges 110–124.5 GeV, 127–147.5 GeV, and 155–180 GeV.
Staying up to Date with Online Content Changes Using Reinforcement Learning for Scheduling (2019)

From traditional Web search engines to virtual assistants and Web accelerators, services that rely on online information need to continually keep track of remote content changes by explicitly requesting content updates from remote sources (e.g., web pages). We propose a novel optimization objective for this setting that has several practically desirable properties, and efficient algorithms for it with optimality guarantees even in the face of mixed content change observability and initially unknown change model parameters. Experiments on 18.5M URLs crawled daily for 14 weeks show significant advantages of this approach over prior art.
Maturation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific memory B cells drives resilience to viral escape (2022)

Memory B cells (MBCs) generate rapid antibody responses upon secondary encounter with a pathogen. Here, we investigated the kinetics, avidity, and cross-reactivity of serum antibodies and MBCs in 155 SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated individuals over a 16-month time frame. SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs and serum antibodies reached steady-state titers with comparable kinetics in infected and vaccinated individuals. Whereas MBCs of infected individuals targeted both prefusion and postfusion Spike (S), most vaccine-elicited MBCs were specific for prefusion S, consistent with the use of prefusion-stabilized S in mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, a large fraction of MBCs recognizing postfusion S cross-reacted with human betacoronaviruses. The avidity of MBC-derived and serum antibodies increased over time resulting in enhanced resilience to viral escape by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages, albeit only partially for BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages. Overall, the maturation of high-affinity and broadly reactive MBCs provides the basis for effective recall responses to future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism (2012)

Autism is a complex neurological condition characterized by childhood onset of dysfunction in multiple cognitive domains including socio-emotional function, speech and language, and processing of internally versus externally directed stimuli. Although gross brain anatomic differences in autism are well established, recent studies investigating regional differences in brain structure and function have yielded divergent and seemingly contradictory results. How regional abnormalities relate to the autistic phenotype remains unclear. We hypothesized that autism exhibits distinct perturbations in network-level brain architecture, and that cognitive dysfunction may be reflected by abnormal network structure. Network-level anatomic abnormalities in autism have not been previously described. We used structural covariance MRI to investigate network-level differences in gray matter structure within two large-scale networks strongly implicated in autism, the salience network and the default mode network, in autistic subjects and age-, gender-, and IQ-matched controls. We report specific perturbations in brain network architecture in the salience and default-mode networks consistent with clinical manifestations of autism. Extent and distribution of the salience network, involved in social-emotional regulation of environmental stimuli, is restricted in autism. In contrast, posterior elements of the default mode network have increased spatial distribution, suggesting a 'posteriorization' of this network. These findings are consistent with a network-based model of autism, and suggest a unifying interpretation of previous work. Moreover, we provide evidence of specific abnormalities in brain network architecture underlying autism that are quantifiable using standard clinical MRI.
Dual-band patch antenna with monopole-like radiation patterns for BAN communications (2013)

This paper presents the design of a novel dual-band patch antenna to be used for human BAN communications applications. The antenna has been designed to provide similar monopole-like radiation properties at 950MHz/2.45GHz ISM bands commonly used in BAN wireless communication technologies. The proposed antenna consists of two short circuited ring patch elements integrated on the FR4 substrate. Numerical simulation results of antenna performance in free space and on the surface of a human body together with the antenna-on-body measurements data have being presented and analyzed.
Carbonyl(pyridin)eisen(II)-tetrabenzporphyrin-π-Radikalkation (1978)

„Oxidationsstufenisomerie”︁ besteht zwischen Porphyrinen, die sich nur in der Lokalisierung der Elektronen unterscheiden. Ein Beispiel ist das Paar aus der Titelverbindung [FeII(TBP+)(CO)(py)]⊕, bei der ein Elektron aus dem Porphyrinring entfernt wurde, und dem entsprechenden (nicht bekannten) FeIII-Porphyrin.
114 Evaluation of Extrusion Processing Method and Protein Source on Standardized Amino Acid Digestibility (2021)

Abstract While the majority of dry complete and balanced foods for pet animals are extruded, the interaction between ingredient matrix and processing methods and stages are poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine how the use of plant-based and poultry-based proteins processed under different extrusion condition may affect amino acid digestibility in extruded canine diets using a rooster model. Eight diet formulas were made using chicken (CK), chicken byproduct meal (CM), yellow pea (YP), green lentil (GL), and garbanzo bean (GB) as the primary protein sources. These diets were extruded through a single-screw and a twin-screw extruder. Food samples were collected at various stages of processing (i.e., raw, and after preconditioner, extruder, drier, and coating). Four cecectomized single-comb White Leghorn roosters were used for each diet sample. The roosters were fasted for 26 h and then fed with the treatment diets. The excreta were collected 48 h after feeding. Freeze dried excreta were used to calculate standardized amino acid digestibility (SAAD). For all essential amino acids, a significant interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between diet and processing method was observed. The SAAD of arginine, tryptophan, and methionine were greater than 80% for all diets collected at the end of the extruder. The CK diet supplemented with synthetic taurine and processed through twin-extrusion had 70% to 80% SAAD of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine. Overall, twin-screw extrusion resulted in lower SAAD for all essential amino acids (P &amp;lt; 0.05), except for isoleucine and valine. However, the differences were smaller than 2.5%, and therefore may not negatively impact diet formulation and final product nutrient composition or guaranteed analysis. In addition, the extruded canine diets made with plant-based protein did not have lower amino acid digestibility than those made with animal-based protein.
Isolation of Nontoxinogenic Mutants of Vibrio cholerae in a Colorimetric Assay for Cholera Toxin Using the 849 Mouse Lymphosarcoma Cell Line (1978)

A mouse lymphosarcoma (S49) cell line that is growth-inhibited by agents that elevate intracellular concentrations of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate was used in a sensitive and convenient colorimetric assay for cholera toxin. S49 cells suspended in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimal essential medium containing 10(-5)--10(-6) M RO 20-1724, an analogue of 4-(3,4-demethoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were growth-inhibited by subnanogram concentrations of cholera toxin. Effects of toxin were detected by the absence of a yellow pH change (phenol red indicator) which normally accompanies the production of acid metabolites by lymphoma cells. An assay using S49 cells grown in microtiter plates, which is capable of detecting 10 pg of cholera toxin or 0.01 units of cholera antitoxin, was used in screening for nontoxinogenic mutants of Vibrio cholerae strain 569B. The properties of two mutants of the Tox--phenotype, which lacked biologically and immunologically detectable toxin products, are described.
Octave-wide supercontinuum generation of light-carrying orbital angular momentum (2019)

Nonlinear frequency generation of light-carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which facilitates realization of on-demand, frequency-diverse optical vortices, would have utility in fields such as super-resolution microscopy, space-division multiplexing and quantum hyper-entanglement. In bulk media, OAM beams primarily differ in spatial phase, so the nonlinear overlap integral for self-phase matched χ<sup>(3)</sup> processes remains the same across the 4-fold degenerate subspace of beams (formed by different combinations of spin and orbital angular momentum) carrying the same OAM magnitude. This indistinguishable nature of nonlinear coupling implies that supercontinuum generation, which substantially relies on self/cross-phase modulation, and Raman soliton shifting of ultrashort pulses typically results in multimode outputs that do not conserve OAM. Here, using specially designed optical fibers that support OAM modes whose group velocity can be tailored, we demonstrate Raman solitons in OAM modes as well as the first supercontinuum spanning more than an octave (630 nm to 1430 nm), with the entire spectrum in the same polarization as well as OAM state. This is fundamentally possible because spin-orbit interactions in suitably designed fibers lead to large effective index and group velocity splitting of modes, and this helps tailoring nonlinear mode selectivity such that all nonlinearly generated frequencies reside in modes with high spatial mode purity.
Violet second harmonic generation in adhered slab waveguide based on periodically poled lithium tantalate (2015)

We demonstrated CW SHG at 400 nm in a first-order QPM adhered slab waveguide with a periodically-poled Mg-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate core. The measured SHG normalized conversion efficiency was 34.7%/W for a 20 mm length.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hydroazafullerene C59HN, the Parent Hydroheterofullerene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.