gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of poly(2,6‐dimethylphenylene sulfide) by photooxidative polymerization (1994)

Abstract Photo‐oxidation of bis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl) disulfide proceeds in the presence of aromatic nitriles as sensitizers. Catalytic amounts of 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene act as an electron mediator of the transfer from the disulfide to oxygen in the presence of biphenyl as a co‐sensitizer. The photo‐redox system enabled an efficient formation of poly(thio‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene) through electrophilic reaction of the sulfonium cation produced in the photo‐oxidation.
Microfabricated injectable drug delivery system (2023)

A microfabricated, fully integrated drug delivery system capable of secreting controlled dosages of multiple drugs over long periods of time (up to a year). The device includes a long and narrow shaped implant with a sharp leading edge for implantation under the skin of a human in a manner analogous to a sliver. The implant includes: 1) one or more micromachined, integrated, zero power, high and constant pressure generating osmotic engine; 2) low power addressable one-shot shape memory polymer (SMP) valves for switching on the osmotic engine, and for opening drug outlet ports; 3) microfabricated polymer pistons for isolating the pressure source from drug-filled microchannels; 4) multiple drug/multiple dosage capacity, and 5) anisotropically-etched, atomically-sharp silicon leading edge for penetrating the skin during implantation. The device includes an externally mounted controller for controlling on-board electronics which activates the SMP microvalves, etc. of the implant.
Analysis of Crosstalk Dependence on Cladding Diameter in Heterogeneous Multi-core Fibers by Considering Polarization-mode Coupling Effects (2022)

We considered polarization-mode coupling to investigate crosstalk dependence on cladding diameter in heterogeneous multi-core fibers. Results showed different birefringence beat length and correlation length values on two fibers with different cladding diameters.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics traffic to the Golgi complex in LLC-PK1 cells. (1998)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are known to be internalized via endocytosis and have been associated with subcellular organelle dysfunction; however, the route of intracellular trafficking and their distribution remain largely unknown. To address these questions, a Texas Red conjugate of gentamicin (TRG) was synthesized for dual-labeling experiments with the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and lysosomal markers DiOC6-3, C6-NBD-ceramide, and fluorescent dextrans, respectively. Confocal images were overlaid to determine areas of colocalization. Initial characterization studies of the fluorescent gentamicin analogue revealed that both internalization and accumulation were inhibited by excess unlabeled gentamicin. Furthermore, the fluorescent gentamicin label was colocalized with unlabeled gentamicin, using immunologic techniques. LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to the fluorescent gentamicin in media containing 1 mg/ml labeled gentamicin for 8 h and then either fixed or chased with gentamicin-free media for an additional 16 or 40 h (24 to 48 h total). Studies with fluorescent dextrans revealed rapid intracellular colocalization within the endosomal and lysosomal systems. Neither endoplasmic reticulum nor mitochondrial colocalization could be detected. However, Golgi colocalization was revealed using both confocal and electron microscopic techniques at 8 h of TRG incubation, and continued to be present for an additional 40 h. Protein synthetic rates were quantified and revealed decreased synthesis at the 24-h chase mark. These results suggest that TRG can serve as a fluorescent tracer for aminoglycoside trafficking within cells. The fluorescent marker remained associated with vesicular structures at all times and colocalized with the Golgi apparatus. It is postulated that this early association of gentamicin with the Golgi complex may be an avenue for delivery of aminoglycosides to other intracellular compartments.
Correlating Microstructural Lithium Metal Growth with Electrolyte Salt Depletion in Lithium Batteries Using 7Li MRI (2015)

Lithium dendrite growth in lithium ion and lithium rechargeable batteries is associated with severe safety concerns. To overcome these problems, a fundamental understanding of the growth mechanism of dendrites under working conditions is needed. In this work, in situ (7)Li magnetic resonance (MRI) is performed on both the electrolyte and lithium metal electrodes in symmetric lithium cells, allowing the behavior of the electrolyte concentration gradient to be studied and correlated with the type and rate of microstructure growth on the Li metal electrode. For this purpose, chemical shift (CS) imaging of the metal electrodes is a particularly sensitive diagnostic method, enabling a clear distinction to be made between different types of microstructural growth occurring at the electrode surface and the eventual dendrite growth between the electrodes. The CS imaging shows that mossy types of microstructure grow close to the surface of the anode from the beginning of charge in every cell studied, while dendritic growth is triggered much later. Simple metrics have been developed to interpret the MRI data sets and to compare results from a series of cells charged at different current densities. The results show that at high charge rates, there is a strong correlation between the onset time of dendrite growth and the local depletion of the electrolyte at the surface of the electrode observed both experimentally and predicted theoretical (via the Sand's time model). A separate mechanism of dendrite growth is observed at low currents, which is not governed by salt depletion in the bulk liquid electrolyte. The MRI approach presented here allows the rate and nature of a process that occurs in the solid electrode to be correlated with the concentrations of components in the electrolyte.
Carbonyl-ene reaction with vinylsilanes: silicon as a controlling element for regio- and stereochemistry (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonyl-ene reaction with vinylsilanes: silicon as a controlling element for regio- and stereochemistryKoichi Mikami, Teck Peng Loh, and Takeshi NakaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 18, 6737–6738Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00174a058RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (261 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Chip-level waveguide-mirror-pillar optical interconnect structure (2006)

Waveguides, mirrors, and polymer pillars can be integrated together to provide optical interconnects to the chip level. Total internal reflection in the polymer pillar provides a high level of spatial confinement of the light. The metallized mirror terminating the waveguide may be at 45deg or at a nearby angle such as 54.74deg (anisotropically etched silicon) and produce nearly equal coupling efficiencies. For a polymer waveguide, a gold mirror, and a polymer pillar of the dimensions fabricated, the simulated coupling efficiencies are 80.7% or 0.93 dB (45deg mirror) and 82.5% or 0.84 dB (54.74deg mirror), respectively. These simulations together with the fabrication and testing of a 54.74deg mirror configuration demonstrates the viability of the waveguide-mirror-pillar structure, its insensitivity to mirror angle, and its compatibility with current substrate fabrication technologies
TRAIL Inhibits Tumor Growth but Is Nontoxic to Human Hepatocytes in Chimeric Mice (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family ligand TNF-alpha and Fas ligand (FasL) can trigger apoptosis in solid tumors, but their clinical usage has been limited by hepatotoxicity. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a newly identified member of the TNF family, and its clinical application currently is under a similar debate. Here, we report a recombinant soluble form of human TRAIL (114 to 281 amino acids) that induces apoptosis in tumor cells but not human hepatocytes. We first isolated human hepatocytes from patients and showed that the human hepatocytes expressed Fas but no TRAIL death receptor DR4 and little DR5 on the cell surface. Antibody cross-linked FasL, but not TRAIL, triggered apoptosis of the human hepatocytes through cleavage of caspases. We then examined TRAIL hepatotoxicity in severe combined immunodeficient/Alb-uPA chimeric mice harboring human hepatocytes. Intravenous injection of FasL, but not TRAIL, caused apoptotic death of human hepatocytes within the chimeric liver, thus killing the mice. Finally, we showed that repeated intraperitoneal injections of TRAIL inhibited intraperitoneal and subcutaneous tumor growth without inducing apoptosis in human hepatocytes in these chimeric mice. The results indicate that the recombinant soluble human TRAIL has a profound apoptotic effect on tumor cells but is nontoxic to human hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo.
Analysis of low threshold field-emission from conjugated polymers for displays (2002)

There is a need for low cost, efficient field emission materials for use in flat panel displays. The discovery, by the authors, of high emission currents from 'spin-on' materials, consisting of conjugated polymers, is, therefore, of potential importance. Analysis based on the presence of space charge limited currents in the polymer films is described and comparison is made with measurement.
Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa (2021)

Our results provide evidence consistent with a common variant genetic basis for age of onset and implicate biological pathways regulating menarche and reproduction.
Real-Time Ultrasound Image Analysis for the Insight Toolkit (2005)

We have successfully created a software environment in which ultrasound data can be manipulated by, ITK (the Insight Tool-Kit), in real-time. We were able to access each frame generated within the resident computer of a TerasonTM Ultrasound Machine, convert it into the ITK image format, and demonstrate the concurrent operation of ITK on the same computer by writing the images to an external hard drive. At a rate of 10 frames per second, 512 by 512 pixel grayscale frames were written by ITK methods to the external hard drive through USB 2.0 while the ultrasound scan was occurring without thrashing or delay in system performance. This simple exercise demonstrates the potential of ITK in processing ultrasound images in real-time in addition to the more traditional off-line processing.
A 5<sup>th</sup> order 0.8/2.4 GHz programmable active band pass filter for power DAC applications (2014)

A programmable active band pass filter (BPF) has been designed in a chip-scale heterogeneous integration technology, which intimately integrates InP HBTs on a deep scaled CMOS technology. Therefore, the active BPF can leverage both high performance of InP HBT and high density and programmability of CMOS. The BPF prototype consists of a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a 5th order BPF core, and a buffer. The BPF center frequency is programmable from 0.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz with 150 MHz pass band and delivers >55 dB out-of-band rejection. Four gain steps: 0, 6, 12, and 16 dB, are enabled by the front PGA to trade off noise and linearity performances. Due to the > 300 GHz fT of InP HBTs, the BPF core can leverage active-RC architecture for high linearity owing to the close-loop implementation. The prototype occupies 1.5×1.02 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area together with pads and draws 106/121 mA from a 3.3 V power supply for 0.8/2.4 GHz bands respectively. In addition, the prototype demonstrates out-of-band OIP3s of 23.52/23.51 dBm for 0.8/2.4 GHz bands at the high gain mode.
PMSG Wind Turbine Performance Analysis During Short Circuit Faults (2007)

Due to the increasing price of fossil fuels and the security concerns of the nuclear energy, electricity generation using wind turbines has recently attracted significant attention after a period of neglect. Among different types of wind turbine generators, PM synchronous generators (PMSG) offer better performance due to higher efficiency and less maintenance since they do not have rotor current and could be used without a gear box. In addition, the utilization of a double conversion results in higher flexibility compared with other wind turbine systems. This paper develops the model of a PMSG wind turbine and then simulates short circuits to evaluate the performance of the system during short circuit fault. Since PMSG wind turbine systems use a double conversion converter, this paper develops two methods for controlling the converter, a new protection method for capacitor over voltage is also evaluated in this paper.
Coordination of data movement with computation scheduling on a cluster (2005)

We are looking at the problem of scheduling compute tasks on a cluster of servers. These tasks require files that reside on a remote archive, and may also be cached on some subset of the servers. A task can only be run on a server that has the files it requires. This introduces the problem of scheduling data movement in coordination with the scheduling of computation. Our goal is to maximize throughput while minimizing data movement. FIFO scheduling is not efficient in this situation due to its lack of awareness of the data movement required. We looked at two other strategies, called shortest job first and linear programming based optimization, and compared them under various configurations.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES POTENTIALLY USEFUL FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF TETRODOTOXIN AND DERIVATIVES. 8. A SERIES OF HIGHLY FUNCTIONALIZED PYRIMIDINONES (1984)

Abstract Zum Aufbau von Tetrodotoxinderivaten werden Synthesen für funktionelle Pyrimidinone beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Manipulation of Organolanthanoid Coordinative Unsaturation. Synthesis, Structures, Structural Dynamics, Comparative Reactivity, and Comparative Thermochemistry of Dinuclear μ‐Hydrides and μ‐Alkyls with (μ‐R2Si(Me4C5)(C5H4))2 Supporting Ligation. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase is partially diffusion‐controlled (1999)

The effect of viscosogens on the enzyme-catalyzed rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate has been studied. The steady-state parameters kcat and kcat/Km for the monofunctional chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis (BsCM) decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of glycerol, whereas the 'sluggish' BsCM mutants C75A and C75S were insensitive to changes in microviscosity. The latter results rule out extraneous interactions of the viscosogen as an explanation for the effects observed with the wild-type enzyme. Additional control experiments show that neither viscosogen-induced shifts in the pH-dependence of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction nor small perturbations of the conformational equilibrium of chorismate can account for the observed effects. Instead, BsCM appears to be limited by substrate binding and product release at low and high substrate concentrations, respectively. Analysis of the kinetic data indicates that diffusive transition states are between 30 and 40% rate-determining in these concentration regimes; the chemical step must contribute to the remaining kinetic barrier. The relatively low value of the 'on' rates for chorismate and prephenate (approximately 2 x 106 m-1.s-1) probably reflects the need for a rare conformation of the enzyme, the ligand, or both for successful binding. Interestingly, the chorismate mutase domain of the bifunctional chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase from Escherichia coli, which has steady-state kinetic parameters comparable to those of BsCM but has a much less accessible active site, is insensitive to changes in viscosity and the reaction it catalyses is not diffusion-controlled.
Preparation of the Mn/γ‐Al2O3 acceptor for high temperature regenerative H2S removal (1999)

Abstract An alumina supported manganese acceptor can be used for high temperature regenerative removal of hydrogen sulfide. Such an acceptor was prepared by a wet impregnation method on a 10 kg scale. A porous alumina carrier with a size of 50 to 70 microns was impregnated with a manganese acetate solution. The impregnation slurry was centrifuged and dried in a microwave oven. The impregnation parameters and drying conditions were investigated. It is shown that this impregnation process is dominated by the solution penetrating the pores. The manganese loading of the acceptor was estimated based on the concentration of the impregnating solution. This showed a good agreement with the results of AAS (Atom Absorption Spectrometer) measurements. The microwave drying time needed was calculated by a heat balance over the drying system. The preparation exhibited a good reproducibility and the acceptors prepared have better dispersion and less initial deactivation.
Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Pilot Study of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Detrusor Underactivity/Underactive Bladder (2022)

Bladder shock wave therapy was studied in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with inadequate bladder emptying (underactive bladder). Bladder shock wave therapy was found to be well tolerated with an improvement in bladder emptying. These results indicate that bladder shock wave therapy may be a promising treatment for patients who cannot empty their bladder adequately.
Design Assurance Arguments for Intrusion Tolerance (2002)

We introduce the notion of a design assurance argument as a diverse assembly of design choices, evidence, and reasoning that makes a convincing case that the design of the system, from abstract architecture to the most concrete details of implementation and operation, meets appropriate operational and security requirements. We sketch an approach to forming design assurance arguments and discuss its advantages and applicability to intrusion tolerant systems, using an intrusion tolerant Web server as an illustration. 1.
Integrin-mediated Protein Kinase A Activation at the Leading Edge of Migrating Cells (2008)

cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is important in processes requiring localized cell protrusion, such as cell migration and axonal path finding. Here, we used a membrane-targeted PKA biosensor to reveal activation of PKA at the leading edge of migrating cells. Previous studies show that PKA activity promotes protrusion and efficient cell migration. In live migrating cells, membrane-associated PKA activity was highest at the leading edge and required ligation of integrins such as alpha4beta1 or alpha5beta1 and an intact actin cytoskeleton. alpha4 integrins are type I PKA-specific A-kinase anchoring proteins, and we now find that type I PKA is important for localization of alpha4beta1 integrin-mediated PKA activation at the leading edge. Accumulation of 3' phosphorylated phosphoinositides [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)] products of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) is an early event in establishing the directionality of migration; however, polarized PKA activation did not require PI3-kinase activity. Conversely, inhibition of PKA blocked accumulation of a PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)-binding protein, the AKT-pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, at the leading edge; hence, PKA is involved in maintaining cell polarity during migration. In sum, we have visualized compartment-specific PKA activation in migrating cells and used it to reveal that adhesion-mediated localized activation of PKA is an early step in directional cell migration.
Orientation of the tRNA anticodon in the ribosomal P-site: Quantitative footprinting with U33-modified, anticodon stem and loop domains (1999)

Binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) to the ribosome involves crucial tRNA-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) interactions. To better understand these interactions, U33-substituted yeast tRNA(Phe) anticodon stem and loop domains (ASLs) were used as probes of anticodon orientation on the ribosome. Orientation of the anticodon in the ribosomal P-site was assessed with a quantitative chemical footprinting method in which protection constants (Kp) quantify protection afforded to individual 16S rRNA P-site nucleosides by tRNA or synthetic ASLs. Chemical footprints of native yeast tRNA(Phe), ASL-U33, as well as ASLs containing 3-methyluridine, cytidine, or deoxyuridine at position 33 (ASL-m3U33, ASL-C33, and ASL-dU33, respectively) were compared. Yeast tRNAPhe and the ASL-U33 protected individual 16S rRNA P-site nucleosides differentially. Ribosomal binding of yeast tRNA(Phe) enhanced protection of C1400, but the ASL-U33 and U33-substituted ASLs did not. Two residues, G926 and G1338 with KpS approximately 50-60 nM, were afforded significantly greater protection by both yeast tRNA(Phe) and the ASL-U33 than other residues, such as A532, A794, C795, and A1339 (KpS approximately 100-200 nM). In contrast, protections of G926 and G1338 were greatly and differentially reduced in quantitative footprints of U33-substituted ASLs as compared with that of the ASL-U33. ASL-m3U33 and ASL-C33 protected G530, A532, A794, C795, and A1339 as well as the ASL-U33. However, protection of G926 and G1338 (KpS between 70 and 340 nM) was significantly reduced in comparison to that of the ASL-U33 (43 and 61 nM, respectively). Though protections of all P-site nucleosides by ASL-dU33 were reduced as compared to that of the ASL-U33, a proportionally greater reduction of G926 and G1338 protections was observed (KpS = 242 and 347 nM, respectively). Thus, G926 and G1338 are important to efficient P-site binding of tRNA. More importantly, when tRNA is bound in the ribosomal P-site, G926 and G1338 of 16S rRNA and the invariant U33 of tRNA are positioned close to each other.