gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Electronic Substrates for Medical Device Applications (2012)

There is a strong desire to develop advanced electronic substrates that can meet the growing demand for miniaturization, high-speed performance, and flexibility for medical devices. To accomplish this, new packaging structures need to be able to integrate more dies with greater function, higher I/O counts, smaller pitches, and high reliability, while being pushed into smaller and smaller footprints. As a result, the microelectronics industry is moving toward alternative, innovative approaches as solutions for squeezing more function into smaller packages. In the present study, we are developing flexible packages for a variety of medical applications. Here we discuss several classes of flexible materials that can be used to form high-performance flexible packaging. In addition, copper thinner than 5 μm is routinely used, with copper layers as thin as 0.2 μm used as a seed layer for semi-additive approaches. The use of semi-additive circuitization facilitates manufacture of fine-line circuit features, and traces narrower than 12μm have been produced routinely. A smooth copper-polymer interface is ideal for high speed applications and for fine line etching. Selection of an appropriate material provides good copper adhesion to the base film. Flexible materials with 1 or 2 metal layers provide the smallest possible roll diameter for systems such as catheters. Compatibility with well developed, high performance electronic materials represents a key advantage of flexible electronics systems that are enabled by high density fine line structures rather than unusual materials. Electrical interconnection between the chip and package can be made by a number of means. Solder-coated Cu-micro pillars for a variety of finer pitch applications are being developed. Cu micro pillars are grown through the dielectric or silicon and subsequently coated with solder to produce finer pitch 3D-interconnects. The paper also describes a novel approach for the fabrication of flexible electronics on PDMS substrates. The paper discusses the fabrication of PDMS substrates using different circuit patterns and geometries. Rozalia/Ron ok move from 2.5/3D to FC/WLP 12-21-11.
Organolanthanide‐Catalyzed Regioselective Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes, Alkynes, Vinylarenes, Di‐ and Trivinylarenes, and Methylenecyclopropanes. Scope and Mechanistic Comparison to Intramolecular Cyclohydroaminations. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Plasticization on Physical and Optical Properties of Triacetyl Cellulose Films for LCD Application (2009)

Abstract Mechanical properties, thermal stability and optical properties of triacetyl cellulose (TAC) films plasticized by three types of plasticizer, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), biphenyldiphenyl phosphate (BDP) and a mixture of TPP and BDP have been investigated in order to find the optimum plasticization condition for a protective film application in LCD. Mechanical properties such as modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break, and thermal property were significantly distinguished according to the type of plasticizer. TPP worked as the most effective plasticizer for TAC in the viewpoint of the mechanical properties. TAC/TPP showed the largest increase in elongation at break and the biggest reduction in the glass transition temperature at the same plasticizer level. However, TPP had the worst thermal stability. A mixture of TPP and BDP achieved the compromising plasticization to produce the moderate mechanical properties and thermal stability of TAC films for protective film application in LCD. Keywords: LCDplasticizerprotective filmtriacetyl cellulosetriphenyl phosphate Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by a grant from the Materials and Components Industry Program funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea and partially by a grant from Hybrid Materials Research Center of Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST).
Performance of a cathode mounted plasma injection source on the UNM long-pulse BWO (1997)

Summary form only given. The studies conducted with the cathode mounted plasma source have been performed at the University of New Mexico (UNM) on the UNM long-pulse BWO experiment. The BWO is driven by a modified Physics International Pulserad 110A electron beam accelerator, which can provide intense relativistic beams for the BWO having energies of 200/spl sim/500 kV at currents of 1.5/spl sim/4.0 kA with pulse durations of 500/spl sim/600 ns. Data describing plasma prefill density at different axial positions within the BWO prior to operation will be presented. A comparison will then be made of BWO performance with and without the prefill plasma. Details of the novel plasma injection system will also be presented.
Effect of spatial smoothing on state space methods/ESPRIT (1990)

Results concerning the effect of using a spatially smoothed forward-backward covariance matrix on the performance of state space methods/ESPRIT for the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using a uniformly spaced linear sensor array (ULA) are presented. Compact expressions for the asymptotic mean squared error in the estimates of the signal zeros and the DOA estimates are derived. Some general properties of the estimates are derived which lend insight into the effect of spatial smoothing and the forward-backward approach on state space methods/ESPRIT. An optimally weighted state space method/ESPRIT algorithm is also presented. The results indicate that by properly choosing the number of subarrays used for spatial smoothing, the performance of the method can be greatly enhanced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Annexin V–CLIO: A Nanoparticle for Detecting Apoptosis by MRI (2002)

Annexin V, which recognizes the phosphatidylserine of apoptotic cells, was conjugated to crosslinked iron oxide (CLIO) nanoparticles, a functionalized superparamagnetic preparation developed for target-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The resulting nanoparticle had an average of 2.7 annexin V proteins linked per CLIO nanoparticle through disulfide bonds. Using camptothecin to induce apoptosis, a mixture of Jurkat T cells (69% healthy and 31% apoptotic) was incubated with annexin V-CLIO and was applied to magnetic columns. The result was an almost complete removal of the apoptotic cells (> 99%). In a phantom MRI experiment, untreated control cells (12% apoptotic cells, 88% healthy cells) and camptothecin-treated cells (65% apoptotic cells, 35% healthy cells) were incubated with either annexin V-CLIO (1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 microgram Fe/mL) or with unlabeled CLIO. A significant signal decrease of camptothecin-treated cells relative to untreated cells was observed even at the lowest concentration tested. Unmodified CLIO failed to cause a significant signal change of apoptotic cells. Hence, annexin V-CLIO allowed the identification of cell suspensions containing apoptotic cells by MRI even at very low concentrations of magnetic substrate. Conjugation of annexin V to CLIO affords a strategy for the development of a MRI imaging probe for detecting apoptosis.
Unicast-friendly multicast in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (2006)

The IEEE 802.11 protocol has become the de facto standard in wireless LANs. However, it reveals the unfairness problem between unicast flows and multicast flows since multicast packets are not subject to binary exponential backoff. To prevent a multicast flow from overwhelming the wireless link bandwidth is a crucial issue. This paper seeks to achieve fairness between unicast and multicast flows by introducing Unicast-Friendly Multicast (UFM). The central idea behind the UFM algorithm is to dynamically change the contention window size for multicast packets to limit the bandwidth share of a multicast flow equal to that of a unicast flow. The proposed UFM algorithm adjusts the multicast contention window size depending on the number of competing stations. We present two versions of UFM: the first one calculates the multicast window size by inferring the average contention window size of unicast flows, while the second one maintains the mapping table between the number of competing stations and the corresponding multicast window size given by related analysis. Simulation reveals that both versions of UFM achieve the fairness by providing almost the fair share of bandwidth to each flow regardless of unicast or multicast under the saturated network conditions.
TABLE 2 from Phase I Trial of Autologous RNA-electroporated cMET-directed CAR T Cells Administered Intravenously in Patients with Melanoma and Breast Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Adverse events, clinically relevant (# subjects includes those with the given toxicity at least possibly related to study treatment)&lt;/p&gt;
Hybrid nuclear light bulb—nuclear-pumped laser propulsion for advanced missions (1999)

A hybrid “nuclear light bulb” gaseous core reactor that can radiantly transfer energy to a propellant or alternately activate laser action is proposed for advanced space missions. The propellant mode would be employed in the phases of the mission requiring a higher thrust. However, for the bulk of the travel, the propellant would be turned off and the ultrahigh specific impulse laser mode of operation would be employed. The concept is reviewed, research and development issues are identified, and steps necessary for a feasibility demonstration are discussed.
Fixed Point Approximation for Multirate Multihop Loss Networks with Adaptive Routing (1999)

In this paper, we consider a class of loss networks where multiple traffic classes are present, each has different bandwidth requirement, and each traffic stream is routed according to an adaptive routing scheme. The performance metric of interest is the end-to-end call blocking probability. Blocking probabilities in a loss network have been studied quite extensively but very few considered multiple traffic classes and rates together with adaptive state dependent routing. We propose a fixed-point method, a.k.a. reduced load approximation, to estimate the end-to-end blocking probability in a multihop multirate loss network with adaptive routing. Simulation results are provided to compare with that of approximations. The approximation scheme is shown to be asymptotically correct in a natural limiting regime, and it gives conservative estimates of blocking probabilities under heavy traffic load.
Azatricyclic Inverse Agonists of RORγt That Demonstrate Efficacy in Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis (2021)

Structure-activity relationship studies directed toward the replacement of the fused phenyl ring of the lead hexahydrobenzoindole RORγt inverse agonist series represented by <b>1</b> with heterocyclic moieties led to the identification of three novel aza analogs <b>5</b>-<b>7</b>. The hexahydropyrrolo[3,2-<i>f</i>]quinoline series <b>5</b> (X = N, Y = Z=CH) showed potency and metabolic stability comparable to series <b>1</b> but with improved <i>in vitro</i> membrane permeability and serum free fraction. This structural modification was applied to the hexahydrocyclopentanaphthalene series <b>3</b>, culminating in the discovery of <b>8e</b> as a potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist with an excellent <i>in vitro</i> profile, good pharmacokinetic properties, and biologic-like <i>in vivo</i> efficacy in preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
Genomic Analysis of a Nutrient Response in Arabidopsis Reveals Diverse Expression Patterns and Novel Metabolic and Potential Regulatory Genes Induced by Nitrate (2000)

Rongchen Wang, Karl Guegler, Samuel T. LaBrie, Nigel M. Crawford, Genomic Analysis of a Nutrient Response in Arabidopsis Reveals Diverse Expression Patterns and Novel Metabolic and Potential Regulatory Genes Induced by Nitrate, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 8 (Aug., 2000), pp. 1491-1509
Effects of Long-Term Clock Instability on Master-Slave Networks (1987)

Two types of master-slave networks are investigated: oneway and two-way master-slave networks. The one-way master-slave System is a generalization of the well-known hierarchical master-slave tree system. The two-way master-slave system is a novel concept. Sufficient stability conditions are given for both network types. After synchronization is achieved, the frequency drift rate of all oscillators in the network approaches the frequency drift rate of the master oscillator. The steady-state frequency differences between the oscillators and their variances are computed for six network configurations of practical interest. A performance comparison for different network connectivities shows that the two-way master-slave system with a star configuration has the best performance.
Corn stover biomass feedstocks with uniform particle size distribution profiles at retained field moisture contents (2023)

Corn-stover biomass feedstocks characterized by tight particle size distribution profiles at field moisture contents.
Inhibition of glutamate-carboxypeptidase-II in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory cognitive disorders (2022)

Glutamate carboxypeptidase-II (GCPII) expression in brain is increased by inflammation, e.g. by COVID19 infection, where it reduces NAAG stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 3 (mGluR3). GCPII-mGluR3 signaling is increasingly linked to higher cognition, as genetic alterations that weaken mGluR3 or increase GCPII signaling are associated with impaired cognition in humans. Recent evidence from macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) shows that mGluR3 are expressed on dendritic spines, where they regulate cAMP-PKA opening of potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) channels to enhance neuronal firing during working memory. However, little is known about GCPII expression and function in the primate dlPFC, despite its relevance to inflammatory disorders. The present study used multiple label immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy to localize GCPII in aging macaque dlPFC, and examined the effects of GCPII inhibition on dlPFC neuronal physiology and working memory function. GCPII was observed in astrocytes as expected, but also on neurons, including extensive expression in dendritic spines. Recordings in dlPFC from aged monkeys performing a working memory task found that iontophoresis of the GCPII inhibitors 2-MPPA or 2-PMPA markedly increased working memory-related neuronal firing and spatial tuning, enhancing neural representations. These beneficial effects were reversed by an mGluR2/3 antagonist, or by a cAMP-PKA activator, consistent with mGluR3 inhibition of cAMP-PKA-K<sup>+</sup> channel signaling. Systemic administration of the brain penetrant inhibitor, 2-MPPA, significantly improved working memory performance without apparent side effects, with largest effects in the oldest monkeys. Taken together, these data endorse GCPII inhibition as a potential strategy for treating cognitive disorders associated with aging and/or neuroinflammation.
Polarization ray tracing in birefringent media (1991)

A method that uses a single algorithm to trace rays in isotropic media and both ordinary and extraordinary rays in uniaxial media is presented. This method is designed to be compatible with conventional raytracing algorithms so that it is easily integrated into existing ray-tracing programs. A discussion of ray doubling in systems containing multiple uniaxial elements is also presented.
Investigation of the Structure of Plasma Erosion Craters using a SEM/FIB Dual Beam Workstation (2007)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at MC 2007, 33rd DGE Conference in Saarbrücken, Germany, September 2 – September 7, 2007
Inter‐numerology interference in OFDM‐IM systems (2021)

Abstract In 5G and beyond communication systems, distinct numerologies can coexist to serve diverse requirements for users and applications. However, the inter‐numerology interference (INI) is a main challenge that significantly impacts the system performance. Therefore, the performance under INI has become an essential evaluation metric for the suitability of the different transmission schemes in the future communication systems. This paper analyzes the impact of INI on the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM‐IM) systems. Specifically, an analytical expression of the INI level in OFDM‐IM systems is presented as a function of the subcarrier activation ratio (SAR) and subcarrier activation probability (SAP). Furthermore, aiming at reducing the INI level, an adaptive subcarrier mapping scheme (SMS) is proposed based on the conventional combinatorial mapping scheme. Moreover, analysis and evaluation of SAR and SAP are performed regarding the requirements of 5G and beyond services. It is proved that the INI level in OFDM‐IM systems is highly dependent not only on the number of active subcarriers but also on their position in an OFDM block.
Lighting with nanostructures (2018)

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Zinc oxide piezoelectric nano-generators for low frequency applications (2017)

Piezoelectric Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanogenerators (NGs) have been fabricated for low frequency (<100 Hz) energy harvesting applications. Different types of NGs based on ZnO nanostructures have been carefully developed, and studied for testing under different kinds of low frequency mechanical deformations. Well aligned ZnO nanowires (NWs) possessing high piezoelectric coefficient were synthesized on flexible substrates using the low temperature hydrothermal route. These ZnO NWs were then used in different configurations to demonstrate different low frequency energy harvesting devices. Using piezoelectric ZnO NWs, we started with the fabrication of a sandwiched NG for a handwriting enabled energy harvesting device based on a thin silver layer coated paper substrate. Such device configurations can be used for the development of electronic programmable smart paper. Further, we developed this NG to work as a triggered sensor for a wireless system using footstep pressure. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using a ZnO NWs piezoelectric NG as a low-frequency self- powered sensor, with potential applications in wireless sensor networks. After that, we investigated and fabricated a sensor on a PEDOT: PSS plastic substrate using a one-sided growth and double-sided growth technique. For the first growth technique, the fabricated NG has been used as a sensor for an acceleration system; while the fabricated NG by the second technique works as an anisotropic direction sensor. This fabricated configuration showed stability for sensing and can be used in surveillance, security, and auto-Mobil applications. In addition to that, we investigated the fabrication of a sandwiched NG on plastic substrates. Finally, we demonstrated that doping ZnO NWs with extrinsic elements (such as Ag) will lead to the reduction of the piezoelectric effect due to the loss of crystal symmetry. A brief summary into future opportunities and challenges is also presented.
Lyapunov's stability and operational margin of grid-connected photovoltaic modules (2006)

Analyses of photovoltaic power generation based on Lyapunov's theorems are presented. The characteristics of the photovoltaic module and the power conditioning unit are analyzed in order to establish energy functions that assess the stability of solutions and define safe regions of operation. Furthermore, it is shown that grid-connected photovoltaic modules driven at maximum power may become unstable under normal grid transients. In such cases, stability can be maintained by allowing an operational margin defined as the energy difference between the stable and the unstable solutions of the system. Simulations show that modules cope well with grid transients when a sufficiently large margin is used.
On a Fresnel-Integrals-Based Back-Scattering Model at Millimeter-Waves (2020)

Geometry-based stochastic channel models (GSCMs) are suitable models at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Proper forward-scattering and back-scattering modeling is needed in order to realize realistic channel assessments. In this paper, a recently-proposed back-scattering model, 3D Fresnel, goes through further investigations: first, we investigate the impact of frequency in the results of a single scenario and, second, we study the effect of multiple surfaces. In both cases, the model shows good agreement with respect to the Physical Optics (PO) reference model.
Strength and flexibility of bulk high-T/sub c/ superconductors (1997)

Strength, fracture toughness, and elastic modulus data for bulk high-temperature superconductors, commercial 99.9% Ag, and a 1.2 at.% Mg/Ag alloy have been collected. These data have been used to calculate fracture strains for bulk conductors. The calculations indicate that the superconducting cores of clad tapes should begin to fracture at strains below 0.2%. In addition, residual strains in Ag-clad (Bi,Pb)/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ tapes have been measured by neutron diffraction. An explanation is offered for why many tapes appear to be able to tolerate large strains before exhibiting a reduction in current transport.
An Approach to Capacity Analysis of Coarsely Coordinated Low Power Multiple Access Systems (2004)

We consider multiaccess problem in low power systems, where we allow each user to select its own data rate and transmit power locally and independently from other users. Here, every user has a set of low power codebooks, labeled a <i>policy</i>, which accomodates a range of small spectral efficiencies, while treating instantaneous data rates of other users as an unknown compound parameter. Even with such coarse user coordination, multiuser detection enables a system which is superior to any classic orthogonal division system. First we fully characterise the set of achievable policies, after which we demonstrate that in multiantenna systems, policies are be viewed as awarding protected receiver spatial dimensions to each user.
Definitive proof for direct reprogramming of hematopoietic cells to pluripotency (2009)

Abstract Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generally uses fibroblastic cells, but other cell sources may prove useful in both research and clinical settings. Although proof of cellular origin requires genetic-marker identification in both target cells and established iPSCs, somatic cells other than mature lymphocytes mostly lack such markers. Here we show definitive proof of direct reprogramming of murine hematopoietic cells with no rearranged genes. Using iPSC factor transduction, we successfully derived iPSCs from bone marrow progenitor cells obtained from a mouse whose hematopoiesis was reconstituted from a single congenic hematopoietic stem cell. Established clones were demonstrated to be genetically identical to the transplanted single hematopoietic stem cell, thus proving their cellular origin. These hematopoietic cell–derived iPSCs showed typical characteristics of iPSCs, including the ability to contribute to chimerism in mice. These results will prompt further use of hematopoietic cells for iPSC generation while enabling definitive studies to test how cellular sources influence characteristics of descendant iPSCs.
Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline Mesophases of [Zn(H2O)6](NO3)2−C12EO10−CTAB−H2O and [Zn(H2O)6](NO3)2−C12EO10−SDS−H2O Systems (2008)

The mixture of two surfactants (C12EO10-CTAB and C12EO10-SDS) forms lyotropic liquid-crystalline (LLC) mesophases with [Zn(H2O)6](NO3)2 in the presence of a minimum concentration of 1.75 H2O per C12EO10. The metal ion/C12EO10 mole ratio can be increased up to 8.0, which is a record high metal ion density in an LLC mesophase. The metal ion concentration can be increased in the medium by increasing the CTAB/C12EO10 or SDS/C12EO10 mole ratio at the expense of the stability of the LLC mesophase. The structure and some thermal properties of the new mesophase have been investigated using XRD, POM, FTIR, and Raman techniques.