gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-function AAV gene therapy reverses late-stage Canavan disease pathology in mice (2022)

The leukodystrophy Canavan disease is a fatal white matter disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations of the aspartoacylase-encoding <i>ASPA</i> gene. There are no effective treatments available and experimental gene therapy trials have failed to provide sufficient amelioration from Canavan disease symptoms. Preclinical studies suggest that Canavan disease-like pathology can be addressed by either <i>ASPA</i> gene replacement therapy or by lowering the expression of the N-acetyl-L-aspartate synthesizing enzyme NAT8L. Both approaches individually prevent or even reverse pathological aspects in Canavan disease mice. Here, we combined both strategies and assessed whether intracranial adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery to a Canavan disease mouse model at 12 weeks allows for reversal of existing pathology. This was enabled by a single vector dual-function approach. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> biopotency assessment revealed significant knockdown of neuronal <i>Nat8l</i> paired with robust ectopic aspartoacylase expression. Following nomination of the most efficient cassette designs, we performed proof-of-concept studies in post-symptomatic <i>Aspa</i>-null mice. Late-stage gene therapy resulted in a decrease of brain vacuoles and long-term reversal of all pathological hallmarks, including loss of body weight, locomotor impairments, elevated N-acetyl-L-aspartate levels, astrogliosis, and demyelination. These data suggest feasibility of a dual-function vector combination therapy, directed at replacing aspartoacylase with concomitantly suppressing N-acetyl-L-aspartate production, which holds potential to permanently alleviate Canavan disease symptoms and expands the therapeutic window towards a treatment option for adult subjects.
Immunodomination results from functional differences between competing CTL (2001)

The presence of dominant epitopes suppresses generation of CTL activity toward other non-dominant epitopes found on the same antigen-presenting cell (APC). This phenomenon, termed immunodomination, drastically restricts the diversity of the repertoire of CTL responses. Under various experimental conditions we assessed the in vivo expansion by tetramer staining and function by expression of O-glycans and intracellular perforin of CTL specific for a dominant (B6(dom1)) and a non-dominant (HY) H2D(b)-restricted epitope. Immunodomination abrogated expansion rather than differentiation of HY-specific CTL. When immunodomination was precluded because HY was presented alone or because high numbers of antigen-bearing APC were present, the numbers of HY-specific T cells detected after antigen priming were similar to those of B6(dom1)-specific T cells. The main difference between T cells that recognized B6(dom1) versus HY was functional rather than quantitative. The key feature of T cells specific for B6(dom1) is that they show striking up-regulation of molecules involved in CTL effector activity rather than accumulating to particularly high levels, as assessed by tetramer staining. These results support the emerging concept that following antigen priming, CTL populations of similar size can display important differences in effector function, and suggest that these functional differences are instrumental in shaping the repertoire of CTL responses.
Human-as-advisor in the loop for autonomous lane-keeping (2023)

This paper presents a human-as-advisor architecture for shared human-machine autonomy in dynamic systems. In the human-as-advisor architecture, the human provides suggested control actions to the autonomous system; the system uses a model of the human controller to ascertain the system’s state as perceived by the human. The system combines this information with additional sensor measurements, yielding an improved state estimate. We apply this architecture to the problem of lane-centering an autonomous vehicle in the presence of conflicting lane markings that render the true lane center uncertain. We model conflicting lane markings with a multi-component Gaussian mixture model. The human-suggested course of action is interpreted as an additional sensor measurement, which a Kalman filter is designed to combine with a speedometer and camera for improving the state estimate. With human input from our human-as-advisor architecture, the vehicle centers itself in the lane; without human input, the vehicle does not center itself. We also demonstrate the human-as-advisor architecture is robust to additive output matrix uncertainty and non-linear perturbations in the human model used to interpret the human-suggested control actions.
in Circulating Immune Complexes (1984)

Since elevated levels of circulating complexes have been noted to occur in the sera of patients with post-streptococcal sequelae, the possibility that these complexes contained streptococcal antigens within the complex was investigated. Sera from these patients were precipitated with polyethylene glycol to extract a fraction rich in these complexes, which was then injected into rabbits. The rabbit sera were then reacted with both cellular and extracellular fractions obtained from streptococcal strains associated with either acute post-streptococcal nephritis (APSGN) or acute rheumatic fever (ARF) by using immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA techniques. The data demonstrate that both ARF and APSGN complexes contain streptococcal an- tigens. However, APSGN complexes react uniquely to certain extracellular antigens present in those strains associated with nephritis, while ARF complexes react specifically to certain streptococcal extracellular antigens excreted by strains associated with rheumatic fever. Neither of the two groups of complexes appear to contain streptococcal antigens related to any cellular antigens derived from the group A streptococcus. Ad- ditionally, a rabbit serum immunized with streptococcal extracellular products reacted directly with complexes
Digital scr control box for educational laboratory (2006)

A "blue box" has been designed to introduce the silicone controlled rectifier (SCR) to power electronics students. SCRs are useful in many real-world applications, and are conceptually important in a student's understanding of power converters. The box is highly flexible in application, and its internal design is simple enough to explain to students. Experiments are shown, both of the type commonly used in the laboratory and of the type used for demonstrations. The box has also been designed to be suitable for research purposes and line voltage applications.
Questionnaire survey regarding current status of minimally invasive surgery for endometrial cancer in Japan: A cross‐sectional survey for JSGOE members (2023)

This study provided the current status of MIS for endometrial cancer in Japan. The hysterectomy method, use of uterine manipulators, and criteria for omitting lymph node dissection were generally in agreement with the guidelines. Currently, an extra-fascial simple hysterectomy, including at least not shaving the cervix, was a major method for early invasive endometrial cancer using MIS.
Influence of surface topography and composition of sintered friction material on friction characteristics in wet clutch applications (2006)

Influence of surface topography and composition of sintered friction material on friction characteristics in wet clutch applications
Computer simulation of mass-selective plasma-source ion implantation (1994)

The use of plasma source ion implantation (PSII) for impurity sensitive substrates such as semiconductors has been slow to be adopted due to the difficulty of producing low impurity plasmas. In this work the feasibility of producing impurity-free plasmas for PSII using a mass filtering technique is investigated. In this method, an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell is incorporated into a plasma processing reactor to selectively expel unwanted ions. The implementation of ICR in ion implantation is subject to a number of complications, such as ion–neutral collisions, plasma shielding of excitation fields, and nonhomogeneities of the magnetic field. A numerical simulation of ICR-based mass filtering for PSII to investigate these effects has been developed. Mass filtering is potentially effective over a wide range of magnetic field configurations at the pressures typically used for PSII.
Staphylococcus aureus Degrades Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to Promote Immune Cell Death (2013)

Bacterial invasion of host tissues triggers polymorphonuclear leukocytes to release DNA [neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)], thereby immobilizing microbes for subsequent clearance by innate defenses including macrophage phagocytosis. We report here that Staphylococcus aureus escapes these defenses by converting NETs to deoxyadenosine, which triggers the caspase-3-mediated death of immune cells. Conversion of NETs to deoxyadenosine requires two enzymes, nuclease and adenosine synthase, that are secreted by S. aureus and are necessary for the exclusion of macrophages from staphylococcal abscesses. Thus, the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections has evolved to anticipate host defenses and to repurpose them for the destruction of the immune system.
An Inhibitory Activity in Human Cells Restricts the Function of an Avian-like Influenza Virus Polymerase (2008)

Transmission of avian influenza virus into human populations has the potential to cause pandemic outbreaks. A major determinant of species tropism is the identity of amino acid 627 in the PB2 subunit of the heterotrimeric influenza polymerase; glutamic acid predominates in avian PB2, whereas lysine occupies this position in human isolates. We show that a dominant inhibitory activity in human cells potently and selectively restricts the function of polymerases containing an avian-like PB2 with glutamic acid at residue 627. Restricted polymerases fail to assemble into ribonucleoprotein complexes, resulting in decreased genome transcription, replication, and virus production without any significant effect on relative viral infectivity. Understanding the molecular basis of this species-specific restriction should provide strategies to prevent and treat avian influenza outbreaks in humans.
Integrated nanomechanical motion detection by means of optical evanescent wave coupling (2007)

A central problem in the development of mechanical devices and systems is accurate and fast motion sensing. We demonstrate an integrated and near-field optical displacement sensing technique based on optical evanescent wave coupling. Exploiting the strong dependence of waveguide-to-waveguide coupling to changes in separation between waveguides we were able to detect in- and out-of-plane mechanical motions of a mechanical resonator. We have studied the sensitivity of the proposed motion detection technique with a 3D full-vectorial mode solver and make predictions on the attainable displacement detection limits based on a noise analysis. This work demonstrates both the feasibility and the effectiveness of integrating nanomechanical devices with photonic circuitry.
CtrA controls cell division and outer membrane composition of the pathogen Brucella abortus (2016)

Brucella abortus is a pathogen infecting cattle, able to survive, traffic, and proliferate inside host cells. It belongs to the Alphaproteobacteria, a phylogenetic group comprising bacteria with free living, symbiotic, and pathogenic lifestyles. An essential regulator of cell cycle progression named CtrA was described in the model bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. This regulator is conserved in many alphaproteobacteria, but the evolution of its regulon remains elusive. Here we identified promoters that are CtrA targets using ChIP-seq and we found that CtrA binds to promoters of genes involved in cell cycle progression, in addition to numerous genes encoding outer membrane components involved in export of membrane proteins and synthesis of lipopolysaccharide. Analysis of a conditional B. abortus ctrA loss of function mutant confirmed that CtrA controls cell division. Impairment of cell division generates elongated and branched morphologies, that are also detectable inside HeLa cells. Surprisingly, abnormal bacteria are able to traffic to the endoplasmic reticulum, the usual replication niche of B. abortus in host cells. We also found that CtrA depletion affected outer membrane composition, in particular the abundance and spatial distribution of Omp25. Control of the B. abortus envelope composition by CtrA indicates the plasticity of the CtrA regulon along evolution.
<title>Role Of Coherence Concepts In The Study Of Speckle</title> (1979)

The role of coherence in the study of speckle patterns is considered. It is shown that the type of coherence used in such analysis has an important difference from the &quot;classical&quot; coherence concepts. The analogy between speckle and thermal radiation is explored. The second-order coherence properties of speckle are summarized. Finally, some aspects of speckle that do not arise in classical coherence theory are discussed.
QoS-Driven Scheduling in 5G Radio Access Networks - A Reinforcement Learning Approach (2017)

The expected diversity of services and the variety of use cases in 5G networks will require a flexible Radio Resource Management able to satisfy the heterogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Classical scheduling strategies have been designed to deal mainly with some particular QoS requirements for specific traffic types. To improve the scheduling performance, this paper proposes an innovative scheduler framework, that selects at each transmission time interval, the appropriate scheduling strategy capable to maximize the users' satisfaction measure in terms of distinct QoS requirements. Neural networks and the Reinforcement Learning paradigm are jointly used to learn the best scheduling decision based on the past experiences. The simulation results show very good convergence properties for the proposed policies, and notable QoS improvements with the respect to the baseline scheduling solutions.
Functional Uncoupling of Adenosine A2A Receptors and Reduced Response to Caffeine in Mice Lacking Dopamine D2Receptors (2000)

Dopamine D(2) receptors (Rs) and adenosine A(2A)Rs are coexpressed on striatopallidal neurons, where they mediate opposing actions. In agreement with the idea that D(2)Rs tonically inhibit GABA release from these neurons, stimulation-evoked GABA release was significantly greater from striatal/pallidal slices from D(2)R null mutant (D(2)R(-/-)) than from wild-type (D(2)R(+/+)) mice. Release from heterozygous (D(2)R(+/-)) slices was intermediate. However, contrary to predictions that A(2A)R effects would be enhanced in D(2)R-deficient mice, the A(2A)R agonist CGS 21680 significantly increased GABA release only from D(2)R(+/+) slices. CGS 21680 modulation was observed when D(2)Rs were antagonized by raclopride, suggesting that an acute absence of D(2)Rs cannot explain the results. The lack of CGS 21680 modulation in the D(2)R-deficient mice was also not caused by a compensatory downregulation of A(2A)Rs in the striatum or globus pallidus. However, CGS 21680 significantly stimulated cAMP production only in D(2)R(+/+) striatal/pallidal slices. This functional uncoupling of A(2A)Rs in the D(2)R-deficient mice was not explained by reduced expression of G(s), G(olf), or type VI adenylyl cyclase. Locomotor activity induced by the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine was significantly less pronounced in D(2)R(-/-) mice than in D(2)R(+/+) and D(2)R(+/-) mice, further supporting the idea that D(2)Rs are required for caffeine activation. Caffeine increased c-fos only in D(2)R(-/-) globus pallidus. The present results show that a targeted disruption of the D(2)R reduces coupling of A(2A)Rs on striatopallidal neurons and thereby responses to drugs that act on adenosine receptors. They also reinforce the ideas that D(2)Rs and A(2A)Rs are functionally opposed and that D(2)R-mediated effects normally predominate.
Preparation, Purification, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Water‐Soluble, Transition‐Metal‐Free Carbon Nanotube Aggregates (2006)

The risk assessment of carbon materials, an important topic in nanomaterials research, has been hampered by the lack of characterizable samples. Transition-metal-free carbon nanohorn aggregates have been prepared that are covalently bonded aggregates of single-walled nanotubes. They were functionalized to give water-soluble derivatives (see picture), which were incubated with cells in cytotoxicity assessments. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z601718_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Performance of Sub-Scale Ceramic-Metal Hybrid Heat Exchanger in a Coal Combustion Environment (2008)

Indirect, coal fired gas turbine based power systems offer the potential for significantly increasing the electrical generating efficiency of coal fired power systems. Heat exchangers, capable of transferring heat from the corrosive coal combustion environment to a clean working fluid, are the chief obstacle preventing use of such systems. A subscale, hybrid ceramic lined metallic heat exchanger was designed and tested. Seven types of ceramic lining materials, mounted to a superal-loy heat exchanger panel, were exposed for 106 hours in a coal combustor fired on Illinois #6 bituminous coal. Clean air flowing through the exchanger was heated to approximately 910°C. No recession due to flowing coal ash was observed for chromia/alumina compositions containing 30% chromia. Fusion cast high alumina and alumina/zirconia/silica had lower recession rates when compared to bonded fused grain materials having similar compositions.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Nucleation in Supercooled Liquid Silicon. Final Program Report (2004)

The original objectives of the present program consisted of two specific nucleation-related research activities; (1) to provide a set of experimental data that will enable the quantitative examination of classical nucleation theory, and (2) to describe the phenomenon of nucleation by developing general expressions of nucleation that include both the thermal and athermal components and that correctly consider and incorporate the transient effects that arise from the nonstationary cluster distribution profile.
Analysis of patch-based similarity metrics: Application to denoising (2013)

This paper presents a performance analysis of measures used for assessing similarities between patches. Compared to subjective ground thruth, our results indicate that some metrics are more suitable than others in a context of patch matching. This conclusion is confirmed by an experiment on non-local means (NLM) denoising algorithm. The denoising quality depends on the chosen similarity metric. In the best case, the gain is of 1.3dB compared to a classical SSD-based denoising algorithm.
Hybrid Grafting Using Bone Marrow Aspirate Combined With Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Trephine Bone for Lumbar Posterolateral Spinal Fusion (2011)

The HBG promoted posterolateral spinal fusion without significant donor site morbidity. Because of its efficacy and safety, this hybrid construct seems promising as an alternative to conventional iliac bone grafts for lumbar spinal fusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Identification of Cytokinin‐Specific Binding Protein (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trace Elements in Sickle Cell Disease (1976)

Trace elements in 84 adult patients (38 men and 46 women) with sickle cell disease (SCD) were reflected in clinical and biochemical data. Height was retarded in six men and five women. Eighty percent of the SCD patients in this sample were below the 50th percentile from the normal mean for weight. Twenty-eight men showed a lack of facial and body hair, and five additional subjects showed only scanty facial hair. Whereas zinc in plasma, red blood cells, and hair was decreased, the excretion of zinc in urine was increased in SCD patients as compared to the controls. We believe that one of the mechanisms accounting for zinc deficiency in SCD may be hyperzincuria and that growth retardation and hypogonadism in men so commonly seen in SCD may be related to zinc deficiency.
Abstract 13915: Man vs. Machine: A Direct Comparison of the Diagnostic Efficacy of Novel Automated WCT Differentiation to Traditional Manual ECG Interpretation Approaches (2022)

BACKGROUND: Differentiation of wide QRS complex tachycardias (WCTs) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide QRS tachycardia (SWCT) through 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is one of the most critical yet challenging tasks in clinical practice. Recent research highlights novel automated methods that successfully diagnose WCTs. We sought to directly compare the diagnostic efficacy of these novel automated WCT differentiation methods (i.e., WCT Formula, VT Prediction Model, and WCT Formula II) to traditional ECG interpretation approaches (i.e., Brugada and Vereckei aVR algorithms). METHODS: A collection of paired WCT and baselined ECGs were retrospectively analyzed. Next, an electrophysiologist blindly and prospectively applied the Brugada and Vereckei aVR algorithms. Separately, computerized measurements were used to apply the three automated WCT differentiation methods. The diagnostic performance of each method was then evaluated. RESULTS: 213 WCTs (111 VT and 102 SWCT) from 105 patients were analyzed. The WCT Formula demonstrated superior overall accuracy (84.7% vs. 64.8%), specificity (86.2% vs. 35.3%), positive predictive value (PPV) (85.7% vs. 60.7%), and positive (+) likelihood ratio (LR) (6.06 vs. 1.42) compared to Vereckei aVR algorithm. Similarly, the WCT Formula attained higher specificity (86.2% vs. 61.8%), PPV (85.7% vs. 71.9%), and (+) LR (6.06 vs. 2.36) than the Brugada algorithm. The WCT Formula II demonstrated superior overall accuracy (89.2% vs. 64.8%), specificity (84.3 % vs. 35.3%), PPV (86.7% vs. 60.7%), and positive (+) LR (5.97 vs.1.42) compared to Vereckei aVR algorithm as well as higher specificity (84.3 % vs. 61.8 %), PPV (86.7% vs. 71.9%), and (+) LR (5.97 vs. 2.36) than the Brugada algorithm. The VT prediction model yielded superior specificity (79.4% vs. 35.3%), PPV (79.8 vs. 60.7%) and (+) LR (3.63 vs.1.42) compared to the Vereckei aVR algorithm but did not demonstrate superior diagnostic performance to the Brugada algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: Novel automated WCT differentiation methods achieved similar or superior diagnostic performance metrics compared to traditional ECG interpretation approaches.