gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Polyimide-based guided-wave multigigabit per second optical clock signal distribution system for Cray T-90 supercomputer</title> (1998)

We report the formation of polyimide-based H-tree waveguides for a multi-GBit/sec optical clock signal distribution in a Si CMOS process compatible environment. Such a clock distribution system is to replace the existing electronic counterpart associated with high-speed supercomputers such as Cray T-90 machine. A waveguide propagation loss of 0.21 dB/cm at 850 nm was experimentally confirmed for the 1-to-48 waveguide fanout device. The planarization requirement of the optical interconnection layer among many electrical interconnection layers makes the employment of tilted grating a choice of desire. Theoretical calculation predicts the 1-to-1 free-space to waveguide coupling with an efficiency as high as 95 percent. Currently, a coupling efficiency of 35 percent was experimentally confirmed due to the limited index difference between guiding and cladding layers. Further experiments aimed at structuring a larger guiding/cladding layer index differences are under investigation. To effectively couple an optical signal into the waveguide through the tilted grating coupler, the accuracy of the wavelength employed is pivotal. This makes the usage of the vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and VCSEL arrays the best choice when compared with edge-emitting lasers. Modulation bandwidth as high as 6 GHz was demonstrated at 850 nm. Such a wavelength is compatible with Si-based photodetectors.
Reduced order of electrochemical model for a pouch type high power Li-polymer battery (2011)

A two dimensional model for a single cell is developed by connecting one dimensional electrochemical micro cell models by current collectors. The model is capable of representing terminal behavior along with internal physical variables that include temperature, potentials and ion flows. However, the model is very computational intensive and needs to be reduced for implementation into real time applications. The order reductions are carried out applying polynomial and state space approach for estimation of concentrations in electrolyte and electrodes. The potentials in the components are solved by iterative method and combined with the reduced order to substantially reduce the computational time. The two models are compared with respect to static and dynamic behavior at terminal voltage at different current rates as a function of state-of-charge (SOC) as well as concentrations of ions in electrodes and electrolyte in the cell. In addition, voltage responses of step current at charging and discharging processes are also compared.
Sialic Acid-Binding Protein Sp 2CBMTD Protects Mice against Lethal Challenge with Emerging Influenza A (H7N9) Virus (2014)

Compounds that target the cellular factors essential for influenza virus replication represent an innovative approach to antiviral therapy. Sp2CBMTD is a genetically engineered multivalent protein that masks sialic acid-containing cellular receptors on the respiratory epithelium, which are recognized by influenza viruses. Here, we evaluated the antiviral potential of Sp2CBMTD against lethal infection in mice with an emerging A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) influenza virus and addressed the mechanistic basis of its activity in vivo. Sp2CBMTD was administered to mice intranasally as a single or repeated dose (0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μg) before (day -7, -3, and/or -1) or after (6 or 24 h) H7N9 virus inoculation. A single Sp2CBMTD dose (10 or 100 μg) protected 80% to 100% of the mice when administered 7 days before the H7N9 lethal challenge. Repeated Sp2CBMTD administration conferred the highest protection, resulting in 100% survival of the mice even at the lowest dose tested (0.1 μg). When treatment began 24 h after exposure to the H7N9 virus, a single administration of 100 μg of Sp2CBMTD protected 40% of the mice from death. The administration of Sp2CBMTD induced the pulmonary expression of proinflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1β, RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein-1α [MIP-1α], and inducible protein [IP-10]) and recruited neutrophils to the respiratory tract before H7N9 virus infection, which resulted in less pronounced inflammation and rapid virus clearance from mouse lungs. Sp2CBMTD administration did not affect the virus-specific adaptive immune response, which was sufficient to protect against reinfection with a higher dose of homologous H7N9 virus or heterologous H5N1 virus. Thus, Sp2CBMTD was effective in preventing H7N9 infections in a lethal mouse model and holds promise as a prophylaxis option against zoonotic influenza viruses.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent microtiter assay for red cell serology (1983)

Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (EIA) permit quantitation and automation of reactions. Previous reports have also shown improved sensitivity for red cell antibodies. We have developed a microtiter technique for EIA, thus decreasing the amounts of reagents required. EDTA was used rather than NaOH to stop the enzyme reaction allowing more precise timing of reactions and improved quantitation of large batches of tests. As in prior reports, the sensitivity was slightly greater than the antiglobulin test, but occasional red cell antibodies failed to show specificity by EIA. The use of microtiter plates and EDTA decreased the steps and reagents required and has the potential for automation of at least the optical reading of such assays in the blood bank.
Nouvelles bornes inférieurs pour le problème de la somme coloration (2010)

Dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons à l'élaboration de bornes inférieures pour le problème de la somme coloration(MSCP) qui est un problème dérivé de la coloration de graphe(GCP). Le problème MSCP consiste à trouver une coloration d'un graphe G, utilisant des entiers naturels, telle que la somme des couleurs est minimale. MSCP est un problème NP-Difficile. Quelques résultats théoriques ont été établis dans la littérature pour le problème MSCP dans le cas de familles particulières de graphes. Mais à notre connaissance, les seuls résultats numériques pour MSCP ont été obtenus par un algorithme génétique proposé par Kokosinski. Récemment nous avons proposé une nouvelle famille d'algorithmes gloutons MDSAT pour obtenir de nouvelles bornes supérieures pour MSCP. Afin de mesurer la qualité de ces nouvelles solutions, nous proposons des bornes inférieures obtenues par l'extraction de graphes partiels pour lesquels une solution optimale de MSCP peut être calculée.
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CALVES TO INFECTION WITH A STRAIN OF BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS INOCULATED INTRACEREBRALLY (1975)

Three newborn calves were inoculated intracerebrally with bovine ephemeral fever virus strain 525. The 2 that lacked detectable neutralising antibody to bovine ephemeral fever vaccine developed fatal encephalitis after 4 and 7 days respectively. The third calf which had a low level of maternal antibody remained healthy and developed antibody that became undetectable after 6 months. Bovine ephemeral fever virus strain 525 was reisolated from the brains of both dead calves by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Homogenates that were prepared from the brains of the calves failed to produce disease or to induce antibody formation in susceptible calves when inoculated intravenously. Strain 525 of BEF virus has been shown to possess a degree of neurovirulence for laboratory animals that has not been reported for other strains (Tzipori and Spradbrow 1974). Although this strain is unable to produce viraemia in calves after I/V inoculation, the present study shows that strain 525 can multiply in the brain tissues of calves and cause death after I/C inoculation.
Bicrystallography and electron diffraction (1993)

Traditionally grain (or phase) boundaries have been modelled using coincidence site lattice (CLS)-type geometrical treatments. However, CSL utilizes only the latticetranslational symmetry of the crystals and is not applicable to nonsymmorphic crystals or in cases where the point group symmetry elements are important. Pond and coworkers, in an elegant series of papers proposed a complete geometric description of bicrystal containing an interface, i.e. bicrystallography. The use and application of bicrystallography has important implications for interface/surface structure, thin film growth and small particle studies. Theoretical development of bicrystallography (or tricrystallography..etc.) is rather complete. However, same is not the case for experimental bicrystallography. There two important methods for bicrystal diffraction experiments: one is the plan-view technique, while the other involves edge-on interface parallel to the electron beam. Plan-view CBED can determine loss of symmetry due to RBT as demonstrated by Eaglesham et al. Dravid et al. used plan-view CBED to probe the symmetry of NiO-ZrO 2 (CaO) eutectic interfaces.
Genome-based classification of micromonosporae with a focus on their biotechnological and ecological potential (2018)

There is a need to clarify relationships within the actinobacterial genus Micromonospora, the type genus of the family Micromonosporaceae, given its biotechnological and ecological importance. Here, draft genomes of 40 Micromonospora type strains and two non-type strains are made available through the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project and used to generate a phylogenomic tree which showed they could be assigned to well supported phyletic lines that were not evident in corresponding trees based on single and concatenated sequences of conserved genes. DNA G+C ratios derived from genome sequences showed that corresponding data from species descriptions were imprecise. Emended descriptions include precise base composition data and approximate genome sizes of the type strains. antiSMASH analyses of the draft genomes show that micromonosporae have a previously unrealised potential to synthesize novel specialized metabolites. Close to one thousand biosynthetic gene clusters were detected, including NRPS, PKS, terpenes and siderophores clusters that were discontinuously distributed thereby opening up the prospect of prioritising gifted strains for natural product discovery. The distribution of key stress related genes provide an insight into how micromonosporae adapt to key environmental variables. Genes associated with plant interactions highlight the potential use of micromonosporae in agriculture and biotechnology.
Recombinant allergens for immunotherapy: state of the art (2019)

Clinical studies indicate that recombinant allergen-based AIT vaccines, which are superior to existing allergen extract-based AIT can be developed for respiratory, food and venom allergy. Allergen-specific preventive strategies based on recombinant allergen-based vaccine approaches and induction of T-cell tolerance are on the horizon and hold promise that allergy can be prevented. However, progress is limited by lack of resources needed for clinical studies, which are necessary for the development of these innovative strategies.
Active interference constraint learning with uncertain feedback for Cognitive Radio Networks (2016)

In this paper, an intelligent probing method for interference constraint learning is proposed to allow a centralized Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) to access the frequency band of a Primary User (PU) operating based on an Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) protocol. The main idea is that the CRN probes the PU and subsequently applies a Modulation and Coding Classification (MCC) technique to acquire the Modulation and Coding scheme (MCS) of the PU. This feedback is an implicit channel state information (CSI) of the PU link, indicating how harmful the probing induced interference is. The intelligence of this sequential probing process lies on the selection of the power levels of the Secondary Users (SUs) which aims to minimize the number of probing attempts, a clearly Active Learning (AL) procedure, and consequently the overall PU QoS degradation. The enhancement introduced in this work is that we incorporate the probability of each feedback being correct into this intelligent probing mechanism by using a univariate Bayesian Nonparamet-ric AL method, the Probabilistic Bisection Algorithm (PBA). An adaptation of the PBA is implemented for higher dimensions and its effectiveness as an uncertainty driven AL method is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
A Scaling-up Synthesis from Laboratory Scale to Pilot Scale and to near Commercial Scale for Paste-Glue Production (2014)

This paper concerns on developing a synthesis method of paste-glue production for gummed tape using a corn-based starch as an alternative feedstock from laboratory-scale to pilot-scale and to near commercial scale. Basically, two methods of synthesis were developed to produce paste-glue in laboratory scale. Based on the two methods, we then scale-up the earlier laboratory scale data to pilot-scale and near commercial-scale for developing a large scale process production of paste-glue. Scaling up production from 1,000 ml reactor to 500 L pilot-scale reactor and 1,500 L near commercial scale reactor, we monitored pathway of temperature increase during reaction as well as adjustment of operating condition conducted for laboratory experimental data in order to produce a good quality of paste-glue. Some scaling up parameters have been found as well as critical parameters for a good product quality such as viscosity and ceiling temperature of the reaction which are very crucial in order to give optimum operating condition. We have selected synthesis method of paste-glue production and found the range of the parameters in order to produce a very good quality of paste-glue in pilot scale and near commercial scale.
The FDA-approved drug Alectinib compromises SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid phosphorylation and inhibits viral infection in vitro (2020)

While vaccines are vital for preventing COVID-19 infections, it is critical to develop new therapies to treat patients who become infected. Pharmacological targeting of a host factor required for viral replication can suppress viral spread with a low probability of viral mutation leading to resistance. In particular, host kinases are highly druggable targets and a number of conserved coronavirus proteins, notably the nucleoprotein (N), require phosphorylation for full functionality. In order to understand how targeting kinases could be used to compromise viral replication, we used a combination of phosphoproteomics and bioinformatics as well as genetic and pharmacological kinase inhibition to define the enzymes important for SARS-CoV-2 N protein phosphorylation and viral replication. From these data, we propose a model whereby SRPK1/2 initiates phosphorylation of the N protein, which primes for further phosphorylation by GSK-3a/b and CK1 to achieve extensive phosphorylation of the N protein SR-rich domain. Importantly, we were able to leverage our data to identify an FDA-approved kinase inhibitor, Alectinib, that suppresses N phosphorylation by SRPK1/2 and limits SARS-CoV-2 replication. Together, these data suggest that repurposing or developing novel host-kinase directed therapies may be an efficacious strategy to prevent or treat COVID-19 and other coronavirus-mediated diseases.
In vivo imaging of therapy-induced anti-cancer immune responses in humans (2012)

Immunotherapy aims to re-engage and revitalize the immune system in the fight against cancer. Research over the past decades has shown that the relationship between the immune system and human cancer is complex, highly dynamic, and variable between individuals. Considering the complexity, enormous effort and costs involved in optimizing immunotherapeutic approaches, clinically applicable tools to monitor therapy-induced immune responses in vivo are most warranted. However, the development of such tools is complicated by the fact that a developing immune response encompasses several body compartments, e.g., peripheral tissues, lymph nodes, lymphatic and vascular systems, as well as the tumor site itself. Moreover, the cells that comprise the immune system are not static but constantly circulate through the vascular and lymphatic system. Molecular imaging is considered the favorite candidate to fulfill this task. The progress in imaging technologies and modalities has provided a versatile toolbox to address these issues. This review focuses on the detection of therapy-induced anticancer immune responses in vivo and provides a comprehensive overview of clinically available imaging techniques as well as perspectives on future developments. In the discussion, we will focus on issues that specifically relate to imaging of the immune system and we will discuss the strengths and limitations of the current clinical imaging techniques. The last section provides future directions that we envision to be crucial for further development.
Retinal Microvascular Caliber and Chronic Kidney Disease in an Asian Population (2020)

Retinal arteriolar narrowing is a marker of microvascular damage from elevated blood pressure. Between August 2004 and June 2006, the authors examined the association between retinal vascular diameter and chronic kidney disease in a population-based cohort of 3,280 community-dwelling adults of Malay ethnicity aged 40-80 years living in Singapore. Chronic kidney disease was defined as 1) an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/minute/1.73 m 2 from serum creatinine or 2) the presence of micro/macroalbuminuria defined as urinary albumin:creatinine ratios of ≥17 mg/g for men and ≥25 mg/g for women. Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were measured and summarized as central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). Individuals with reduced CRAE were more likely to have chronic kidney disease than those with increased CRAE. After controlling for age, gender, education, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, and total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, the authors found the odds ratio comparing the smallest with the largest CRAE quartile to be 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.96; P trend = 0.02) for eGFR of <60 mL/minute/1.73 m 2 and 1.80 (95% confidence interval: 1.11, 2.91; P trend = 0.01) for micro/macroalbuminuria. Retinopathy was also found to be positively associated with both eGFR and micro/macroalbuminuria. Retinal venular diameter was not associated with chronic kidney disease. These data suggest that retinal arteriolar narrowing is associated with chronic kidney disease, independent of diabetes and hypertension.
Characterization of transient wandering tones by dynamic modeling of fractional-Fourier features (2002)

A novel approach is presented for characterizing transient wandering tones. These signals are segmented and approximated as time series with piecewise linear instantaneous frequency and piecewise constant amplitude. Frequency rate, center frequency, and energy features are estimated in each segment of data using chirped autocorrelations and the fractional Fourier transform. These features are tracked across segments using linear dynamical models whose parameters are estimated using an expectation-maximization algorithm. A new cross-covariance estimator for adjacent states of the dynamical model is given. The feature extraction/tracking algorithm is used to characterize a measured marine-mammal vocalization. Application of the representation algorithm to signal classification is discussed.
Extracellular excitation of central neurons: implications for the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (2001)

High-frequency electrical stimulation (deep brain stimulation (DBS)) of the thalamus and basal ganglia (subthalamic nucleus, internal segment of the globus pallidus) is used to treat motor disorders arising in Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and essential tremor. Although clinically effective, the mechanisms of action of DBS are unknown. A number of plausible hypotheses have been offered, however, until the effects of the applied current on the surrounding neurons are understood, it will prove difficult to determine the underlying mechanisms. Computational models of central neurons were used to determine what neural elements are activated by extracellular stimulation. Thresholds for activation of local cells and axons of passage were similar with conventional stimuli. With electrodes positioned over the cell body, action potential initiation invariably occurred in the axon. As a result, activity generated by extracellular stimulation could vary between the soma and axon of the same neuron. Additionally, extracellular chronaxie times were insensitive to the neural element (cell versus axon) that was stimulated. The non-specific activation that occurs with conventional stimuli complicates the determination of the mechanisms of action and may contribute to side effects. Novel asymmetrical stimuli were developed that enable selective stimulation of different populations of neural elements. Understanding the effects of extracellular stimulation on central neurons will limit the plausible hypotheses to explain the effects of DBS, and lead to new stimulation technologies that will improve clinical efficacy.
Bioconversion of the Anthracycline Analogue Desacetyladriamycin by Recombinant DoxA, a P450-Monooxygenase from Streptomyces sp. Strain C5 (2001)

[reaction: see text] A recombinant P450-monooxygenase, DoxA, obtained from Streptomyces sp. strain C5, the producer of the anticancer compound daunorubicin, was expressed in S. lividans TK24 and therein used to catalyze the conversion of the anthracycline analogue desacetyladriamycin into the new anthracycline, 10-hydroxydesacetyladriamycin. This work establishes a new function for DoxA and demonstrates the use of a recombinant enzyme to prepare a new anthracycline analogue.
Kinetic Studies on Oxidation of Veratryl Alcohol by Laccase-Mediator System. Part 2. The Kinetics of Dioxygen Uptake (2000)

Summary The kinetics of dioxygen uptake in the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of veratryl alcohol with dioxygen in the presence of ABTS, the mediator, was studied. The kinetics of dioxygen uptake consists of two phases: (1) the initial phase up to a reaction time of one hour, and (2) the second phase, after a reaction time of one hour. In the initial phase, ABTS is mainly oxidized to the corresponding cation radical. The kinetics of dioxygen uptake follows a pseudo -zero order rate law. The dioxygen uptake under the reaction condition correlates with the initial ABTS concentration according to the stoichiometric relationship of 0.25 moles dioxygen per mole ABTS. In the second phase, veratryl alcohol is mainly oxidized to veratraldehyde. The kinetics of the dioxygen uptake follows a pseudo -first order rate law. The dioxygen uptake correlates linearly with the yield of veratraldehyde. The stoichiometric ratio between the formation of veratraldehyde and the consumption of dioxygen differs slightly at different M/S ratios. On average, however, it is 0.42 moles of dioxygen per one mole of veratraldehyde formed. The reaction mechanism is discussed on the basis of the kinetic data.