gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic Layer Deposition of the Conductive Delafossite PtCoO2 (2022)

Abstract The first atomic layer deposition process for a ternary oxide is reported, which contains a metal of the platinum group, the delafossite PtCoO 2 . The deposition with the precursors trimethyl‐Pt‐methylcyclopentadienyl, Co‐bis( N ‐ t ‐butyl‐ N ′‐ethylpropanimidamidate), and oxygen plasma results in a process with a nearly constant growth rate and stoichiometric composition over a wide temperature window from 100 to 320 °C. Annealing of the as‐deposited amorphous films in an oxygen atmosphere in a temperature window from 700 to 800 °C leads to the formation of the delafossite phase. Very thin films show a pronounced preferred orientation with the Pt sheets being almost parallel to the substrate surface while arbitrary orientation is observed for thicker films. The conformal coating of narrow trenches highlights the potential of this atomic‐layer‐deposition process. Moreover, heterostructures with magnetic films are fabricated to demonstrate the potential of PtCoO 2 for spintronic applications.
Practical experience in on-line partial discharge measurements of MV switchgear systems (2002)

On-line partial discharge (PD) monitoring has proved to he a fast, convenient, reliable and cost-effective tool in determining numerous areas of insulation deterioration within medium voltage switchgear lineups. The paper reflects the authors' practical experience and concentrates on specific areas requiring further attention, such as sensor sensitivity, sensor calibration, PD recognition and discriminating various PD sources.
PoseAgent: Budget-Constrained 6D Object Pose Estimation via\n Reinforcement Learning (2016)

State-of-the-art computer vision algorithms often achieve efficiency by\nmaking discrete choices about which hypotheses to explore next. This allows\nallocation of computational resources to promising candidates, however, such\ndecisions are non-differentiable. As a result, these algorithms are hard to\ntrain in an end-to-end fashion. In this work we propose to learn an efficient\nalgorithm for the task of 6D object pose estimation. Our system optimizes the\nparameters of an existing state-of-the art pose estimation system using\nreinforcement learning, where the pose estimation system now becomes the\nstochastic policy, parametrized by a CNN. Additionally, we present an efficient\ntraining algorithm that dramatically reduces computation time. We show\nempirically that our learned pose estimation procedure makes better use of\nlimited resources and improves upon the state-of-the-art on a challenging\ndataset. Our approach enables differentiable end-to-end training of complex\nalgorithmic pipelines and learns to make optimal use of a given computational\nbudget.\n
Visual Impairment in White, Chinese, Black, and Hispanic Participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort (2015)

Even in the U.S. where prevalence of refractive correction is high, both visual impairment and uncorrected refractive error represent current public health challenges.
Optical spectroscopy of ultrasmall structures etched from quantum wells (1986)

We have studied the photoluminescence and photoexcitation spectra of ultrasmall structures, of approximately 500 Å in dimension, which we refer to as quantum ribbons and quantum disks. These are fabricated from GaAs-AlGaAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy and patterned by electron beam lithography. Contrary to our expectation, photoluminescence from these structures is extremely efficient. The excitation spectra of the two types of small structures differ greatly from each other and from that of the as-grown quantum wells. These differences may be a result of the confinement of the carriers in these small structures.
MuZero with Self-competition for Rate Control in VP9 Video Compression (2022)

Video streaming usage has seen a significant rise as entertainment, education, and business increasingly rely on online video. Optimizing video compression has the potential to increase access and quality of content to users, and reduce energy use and costs overall. In this paper, we present an application of the MuZero algorithm to the challenge of video compression. Specifically, we target the problem of learning a rate control policy to select the quantization parameters (QP) in the encoding process of libvpx, an open source VP9 video compression library widely used by popular video-on-demand (VOD) services. We treat this as a sequential decision making problem to maximize the video quality with an episodic constraint imposed by the target bitrate. Notably, we introduce a novel self-competition based reward mechanism to solve constrained RL with variable constraint satisfaction difficulty, which is challenging for existing constrained RL methods. We demonstrate that the MuZero-based rate control achieves an average 6.28% reduction in size of the compressed videos for the same delivered video quality level (measured as PSNR BD-rate) compared to libvpx's two-pass VBR rate control policy, while having better constraint satisfaction behavior.
Solar Fuels: Tailoring Surface Frustrated Lewis Pairs of In2O3−x(OH)y for Gas‐Phase Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Isomorphous Substitution of In3+ with Bi3+ (Adv. Sci. 6/2018) (2018)

The excited state acidity and basicity of surface frustrated Lewis pairs in oxygen vacancy and hydroxide defect laden BizIn2−zO3−xOHy can be chemically tailored by controlling the level of isomorphous substitution of Bi(III) for In(III). As shown in article number 1700732 by Chandra Veer Singh, Geoffrey A. Ozin, and co-workers, this makes it possible to optimize the catalytic performance of the solar powered reverse water gas shift reaction.
Intracoronary delivery of mesenchymal stem cells at high flow rates after myocardial infarction improves distal coronary blood flow and decreases mortality in pigs (2008)

A single MSCs infusion at 20 ml/min resulted in improved coronary blood flow and decreased mortality, without sacrificing delivery efficiency.
Single coherent detection of a 606-Gb/s CO-OFDM signal with 32-QAM subcarrier modulation using 4&#x00D7;80-Gsamples/s ADCs (2010)

We report the detection of a record 606-Gb/s data rate (503-Gb/s excluding 20.5%-FEC-overhead) by a single coherent receiver using four 80-Gsamples/s 32.5-GHz-bandwidth ADCs and reduced-guard-interval CO-OFDM with 32-QAM. Transmission of the signal with 7.76-b/s/Hz net intrachannel spectral efficiency is demonstrated.
Simple spatial processing for color mappings (2004)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Use of a twin dataset to identify AMD-related visual patterns controlled by genetic factors (2010)

The mapping of genotype to the phenotype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in a near future. In this study, we focused on the first step to discover this mapping: we identified visual patterns related to AMD which seem to be controlled by genetic factors, without explicitly relating them to the genes. For this purpose, we used a dataset of eye fundus photographs from 74 twin pairs, either monozygotic twins, who have the same genotype, or dizygotic twins, whose genes responsible for AMD are less likely to be identical. If we are able to differentiate monozygotic twins from dizygotic twins, based on a given visual pattern, then this pattern is likely to be controlled by genetic factors. The main visible consequence of AMD is the apparition of drusen between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane. We developed two automated drusen detectors based on the wavelet transform: a shape-based detector for hard drusen, and a texture- and color- based detector for soft drusen. Forty visual features were evaluated at the location of the automatically detected drusen. These features characterize the texture, the shape, the color, the spatial distribution, or the amount of drusen. A distance measure between twin pairs was defined for each visual feature; a smaller distance should be measured between monozygotic twins for visual features controlled by genetic factors. The predictions of several visual features (75.7% accuracy) are comparable or better than the predictions of human experts.
Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition to Scale Manufacturing of Robust Catalysts for Biomass Conversion Applications: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-17-715 (2020)

This CRADA will facilitate technology maturation for NREL-developed ALD-coated catalyst materials that are tailored for durability during harsh biomass conversion chemistries. This project will address optimizing process parameters for scale-up of Al2O3 ALD-coated catalysts, demonstrating ALD-coated catalyst performance for muconic acid hydrogenation, and validating economic models that project significant cost benefits for ALD-enhanced catalytic processes. This work will strengthen private-public partnerships in the area of advanced catalyst manufacturing for energy-related technology. Critical information will be collected to elevate the Technology Readiness Level and increase our competitiveness for cooperative R&D agreements and licensing. Success of this work will be crosscutting as it can facilitate advanced catalyst development for both renewable and conventional processes.
New structural insights and molecular-modelling studies of 4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiazole kinase fromPyrococcus horikoshiiOT3 (PhThiK) (2009)

4-Methyl-5-beta-hydroxyethylthiazole kinase (ThiK) catalyses the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of 4-methyl-5-beta-hydroxyethylthiazole. This work reports the first crystal structure of an archaeal ThiK: that from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 (PhThiK) at 1.85 A resolution with a phosphate ion occupying the position of the beta-phosphate of the nucleotide. The topology of this enzyme shows the typical ribokinase fold of an alpha/beta protein. The overall structure of PhThiK is similar to those of Bacillus subtilis ThiK (BsThiK) and Enterococcus faecalis V583 ThiK (EfThiK). Sequence analysis of ThiK enzymes from various sources indicated that three-quarters of the residues involved in interfacial regions are conserved. It also revealed that the amino-acid residues in the nucleotide-binding, magnesium ion-binding and substrate-binding sites are conserved. Binding of the nucleotide and substrate to the ThiK enzyme do not influence the quaternary association (trimer) as revealed by the crystal structure of PhThiK.
[Congenital hemophilia: a new treatment paradigm]. (2019)

Hemophilia is the most common congenital coagulation disorder, characterized by a tendency to bleed severely. Treatment is based on the replacement of defective FVIII or FIX. Following the introduction of recombinant FVIII and FIX, the treatment paradigm of the disease is shifting from episodic to prophylactic treatment with regular the infusion of factor concentrates. Since 2000, several new recombinant FVIII and FIX products with longer half-life have been developed by pegylation protein modification and other technologies, resulting in improved quality of life for patients with hemophilia. Recently, therapeutics with novel hemostatic mechanisms have been developed to overcome several unmet needs. FVIII (a), mimicking bispecific antibody recognizing FIX (a) /FX, has been approved in Japan. The product has several advantages, including a much longer half-life spanning 30 days, subcutaneous injectability, and effectiveness irrespective of the presence of FVIII inhibitor. The paradigm of hemophilia treatment is now shifting towards intact joint function and higher activity.
An optofluidic imaging system to measure the biophysical signature of single waterborne bacteria (2014)

In this paper, for the first time, an on-chip optofluidic imaging system is innovated to measure the biophysical signatures of single waterborne bacteria, including both their refractive indices and morphologies (size and shape), based on immersion refractometry. The key features of the proposed optofluidic imaging platform include (1) multiple sites for single-bacterium trapping, which enable parallel measurements to achieve higher throughput, and (2) a chaotic micromixer, which enables efficient refractive index variation of the surrounding medium. In the experiments, the distinctive refractive index of Echerichia coli, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholera are measured with a high precision of 5 × 10(-3) RIU. The developed optofluidic imaging system has high potential not only for building up a database of biophysical signatures of waterborne bacteria, but also for developing single-bacterium detection in treated water that is in real-time, label-free and low cost.
Efficient checkpointing over local area networks (2002)

Parallel and distributed computing on clusters of workstations is becoming very popular as it provides a cost effective way for high performance computing. In these systems, the bandwidth of the communication subsystem (using Ethernet technology) is about an order of magnitude smaller compared to the bandwidth of the storage subsystem. Hence, storing a state in a checkpoint is much more efficient than comparing states over the network. In this paper we present a novel checkpointing approach that enables efficient performance over local area networks. The main idea is that we use two types of checkpoints: compare-checkpoints (comparing the states of the redundant processes to detect faults) and store-checkpoints (where the state is only stored). The store-checkpoints reduce the rollback needed after a fault is detected, without performing many unnecessary comparisons. As a particular example of this approach we analyzed the DMR checkpointing scheme with store-checkpoints. Our main result is that the overhead of the execution time can be significantly reduced when store-checkpoints are introduced. We have implemented a prototype of the new DMR scheme and run it on workstations connected by a LAN. The experimental results we obtained match the analytical results and show that in some cases the overhead of the DMR checkpointing schemes over LAN's can be improved by as much as 20%.
A coupled finite difference model for n fluid-loaded, free-flooded, thickness-polarized, piezoelectric cylindrical shell transducer (1985)

This paper presents a coupled finite difference model for a fluid-loaded, free-flooded, thickness-polarized, piezoelectric cylindrical transducer. In order to find the vibration response of this shell when subjected to a sinusoidal voltage drive, the Donnel's thin shell equations of axisymmetric free vibration of a circular cylinder are coupled with the piezoelectric canonical equations and a surface Helmholtz integral model for the acoustic radiation reaction. The acoustic loading and the piezoelectric effects are thus considered to be external loading factors in the vibration equations. Solutions for the velocities are then used as the inputs to a previously developed farfield radiation program (SHIP) to get the source levels over the frequency range, which depends on the specifications of the transducer under consideration. The validity of this model is verified by comparing the computed source levels with the experimental data for transducers of two different materials and four different geometrical dimensions.
A defect-resistant Co–Ni superalloy for 3D printing (2020)

Additive manufacturing promises a major transformation of the production of high economic value metallic materials, enabling innovative, geometrically complex designs with minimal material waste. The overarching challenge is to design alloys that are compatible with the unique additive processing conditions while maintaining material properties sufficient for the challenging environments encountered in energy, space, and nuclear applications. Here we describe a class of high strength, defect-resistant 3D printable superalloys containing approximately equal parts of Co and Ni along with Al, Cr, Ta and W that possess strengths in excess of 1.1 GPa in as-printed and post-processed forms and tensile ductilities of greater than 13% at room temperature. These alloys are amenable to crack-free 3D printing via electron beam melting (EBM) with preheat as well as selective laser melting (SLM) with limited preheat. Alloy design principles are described along with the structure and properties of EBM and SLM CoNi-base materials.
A pandemic-enabled comparison of discovery platforms demonstrates a naive antibody library can match the best immune-sourced antibodies (2022)

As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic numerous scientific groups have generated antibodies against a single target: the CoV-2 spike antigen. This has provided an unprecedented opportunity to compare the efficacy of different methods and the specificities and qualities of the antibodies generated by those methods. Generally, the most potent neutralizing antibodies have been generated from convalescent patients and immunized animals, with non-immune phage libraries usually yielding significantly less potent antibodies. Here, we show that it is possible to generate ultra-potent (IC<sub>50</sub> < 2 ng/ml) human neutralizing antibodies directly from a unique semisynthetic naïve antibody library format with affinities, developability properties and neutralization activities comparable to the best from hyperimmune sources. This demonstrates that appropriately designed and constructed naïve antibody libraries can effectively compete with immunization to directly provide therapeutic antibodies against a viral pathogen, without the need for immune sources or downstream optimization.
Search for the Higgs boson in the H→WW→ℓνjj decay channel at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2012)

A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson has been performed in the H W W jj channel using 4.7 fb -1 of pp collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Higgs boson candidates produced in association with zero, one or two jets are included in the analysis to maximize the acceptance for both gluon fusion and weak boson fusion Higgs boson production processes. No significant excess of events is observed over the expected background and limits on the Higgs boson production cross section are derived for a Higgs boson mass in the range 300 GeV < m H < 600 GeV. The best sensitivity is reached for m H = 400 GeV, where the observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper bound on the cross section for H W W produced in association with zero or one jet is 2.2 pb (1.9 pb), corresponding to 1.9 (1.6) times the Standard Model prediction. In the Higgs boson plus two jets channel, which is more sensitive to the weak boson fusion process, the observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper bound on the cross section for H W W production with m H = 400 GeV is 0.7 pb (0.6 pb), corresponding to 7.9 (6.5) times the Standard Model prediction.
Real-time pattern matching with FPGAs (2011)

We demonstrate a hardware implementation of a complex event processor, built on top of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Compared to CPU-based commodity systems, our solution shows distinctive advantages for stream monitoring tasks, e.g., wire-speed processing and predictable performance. The demonstration is based on a query-to-hardware compiler for complex event patterns that we presented at VLDB 2010 [1]. By example of a click stream monitoring application, we illustrate the inner workings of our compiler and indicate how FPGAs can act as efficient and reliable processors for event streams.
Statistical properties of clinical trial outcome measures in pre-school aged children with cystic fibrosis (2015)

<b>Background:</b> Lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) is mild in early life but progresses through childhood. There is a need for a statistically efficient clinical trial outcome measure that captures the magnitude of these changes, especially in pre-school children when an intervention is most likely to be effective. This work aims to compare statistical properties of plausible structural, functional and clinical outcomes in children aged 3 to 6 using Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) database. <b>Methods:</b> CT scored using both the CF-CT score (n=159) and the new PRAGMA-CF method (n=100) [Rosenow, T. et al. TSANZ 2014], lung function tests (multiple-breath washout and spirometry; n=54) and inflammatory markers from bronchoalveolar lavage (n=629) were compared by calculating coefficient of variation (CV), effect size as Cohen9s d and corresponding sample size. Sample sizes were calculated using 1 tailed t-test with (1-β)=0.8, α=0.05, 1:1 allocation and clinically significant effect based on the previous literature. PRAGMA-CF determines the volume proportion of the lung with structural disease (%Dis). <b>Results:</b> %Dis had a low CV=0.46 and the lowest sample size per group (n=30). Functionally, lung clearance index (LCI) needed the lowest sample size (n=39). Both %Dis and LCI could detect moderate effect sizes (d=0.65 and d=0.57 respectively). Higher sample sizes were needed for clinical outcomes, with lowest being interleukin-8 (CV=0.22, d=0.45, n=62). <b>Conclusions:</b> %Dis and LCI were shown to be the most statistically efficient and should be considered as primary outcome measures of magnitude of lung disease in the design of clinical trials in early CF.
Mutation of PRSS23 promotes HCC development via activation of AKT/PI3K/mTOR signaling (2019)

Human hepatocarcinogenesis represents a step-wise process, in which premalignant Dysplastic Nodules precede the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During this process, hepatocellular tumors showing a nodule-in-nodule appearance may develop, suggesting the evolution of a faster growing neoplasm from its precursor lesion. In this study we aimed at the identification of clonally expanded driver mutations in a well-differentiated HCC evolving from a Dysplastic Nodule (DN).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route for the synthesis of Pyrrolo(2,1‐c) (1,4)benzodiazepine Antibiotics via Oxidation of Cyclic Secondary Amine. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The impact of segmentation on whole‐lung functional MRI quantification: Repeatability and reproducibility from multiple human observers and an artificial neural network (2020)

Despite high overall agreement, there were systematic differences in lung segmentation between observers. This needs to be considered for longitudinal studies and could be overcome by using an ANN, which performs as good as human observers and fully automatizes MP-MRI post-processing.
CUSUM-Based Real-Time Risk Metrics for Augmented GPS and GNSS (2003)

Sigma monitoring is a key component of the real-time integrity verification capability demonstrated by the Stanford University Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Ground Facility prototype known as the Integrity Monitor Testbed (IMT). The IMT has both sigma estimation and sigma Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) algorithms to detect small and large sigma violations, respectively. When combined with a prior probability distribution for the sigma parameter being monitored and the use of Bayes' rule, the can provide a real-time posterior distribution of sigma based on the current state. This paper presents the methodology for this Bayesian CUSUM technique and shows how it could be used to enhance integrity monitoring while better preserving continuity and availability.