gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Measurement-Based Efficient Computational Approach to Modeling Optical Power Transmission in Step-Index Polymer Optical Fiber (2022)

Polymer optical fibers (POFs) are playing an important role in industrial applications nowadays due to their ease of handling and resilience to bending and environmental effects. A POF can tolerate a bending radius of less than 20 mm, it can work in environments with temperatures ranging from −55 °C to +105 °C, and its lifetime is around 20 years. In this paper, we propose a novel, rigorous, and efficient computational model to estimate the most important parameters that determine the characteristics of light propagation through a step-index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF). The model uses attenuation, diffusion, and mode group delay as functions of the propagation angle to characterize the optical power transmission in the SI-POF. Taking into consideration the mode group delay allows us to generalize the computational model to be applicable to POFs with different index profiles. In particular, we use experimental measurements of spatial distributions and frequency responses to derive accurate parameters for our SI-POF simulation model. The experimental data were measured at different fiber lengths according to the cut-back method. This method consists of taking several measurements such as frequency responses, angular intensity distributions, and optical power measurements over a long length of fiber (&gt;100 m), then cutting back the fiber while maintaining the same launching conditions and repeating the measurements on the shorter lengths of fiber. The model derivation uses an objective function to minimize the differences between the experimental measurements and the simulated results. The use of the matrix exponential method (MEM) to implement the SI-POF model results in a computationally efficient model that is suitable for POF-based system-level studies. The efficiency gain is due to the independence of the calculation time with respect to the fiber length, in contrast to the classic analytical solutions of the time-dependent power flow equation. The robustness of the proposed model is validated by calculating the goodness-of-fit of the model predictions relative to experimental data.
Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera from Macaques Infected with Chimeric Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Containing the Envelope Glycoproteins of either a Laboratory-Adapted Variant or a Primary Isolate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1998)

The magnitude and breadth of neutralizing antibodies raised in response to infection with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in rhesus macaques were evaluated. Infection with either SHIV-HXB2, SHIV-89.6, or SHIV-89.6PD raised high-titer neutralizing antibodies to the homologous SHIV (SHIV-89.6P in the case of SHIV-89.6PD-infected animals) and significant titers of neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains MN and SF-2. With few exceptions, however, titers of neutralizing antibodies to heterologous SHIV were low or undetectable. The antibodies occasionally neutralized heterologous primary isolates of HIV-1; these antibodies required >40 weeks of infection to reach detectable levels. Notable was the potent neutralization of the HIV-1 89.6 primary isolate by serum samples from SHIV-89.6-infected macaques. These results demonstrate that SHIV-HXB2, SHIV-89.6, and SHIV-89.6P possess highly divergent, strain-specific neutralization epitopes. The results also provide insights into the requirements for raising neutralizing antibodies to primary isolates of HIV-1.
P1GS.3 - A low Temperature H2 Gas Sensor Based on Pt-loaded Reduced Graphene Oxide/ZnO Nanocomposites (2018)

Platinum (Pt) loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite were fabricated by using a combination of sputtering system and pulsed laser ablation in liquid method. The structure and morphology of the rGO/ZnO/Pt hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by field emission X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The gassensing properties of the fabricated sensors were investigated for hydrogen (H 2 ) at different operating temperatures. The obtained rGO/ZnO/Pt ternary composite exhibits outstanding sensing response towards H 2, almost 7.5 times and 3.0 times higher than that of pure ZnO and ZnO/rGO, respectively. These results show that the combination of noble metals nanoparticles with rGO and ZnO can impart new gas sensing functionality that is potentially useful for H 2 sensing applications.
Targeted Regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-&#954;B Signaling by Indole Compounds and their Derivatives: Mechanistic Details and Biological Implications for Cancer Therapy (2013)

Indole compounds, found in cruciferous vegetables, are potent anti-cancer agents. Studies with indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its dimeric product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) suggest that these compounds have the ability to deregulate multiple cellular signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These natural compounds are also effective modulators of downstream transcription factor NF-κB signaling which might help explain their ability to inhibit invasion and angiogenesis, and the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and drug resistance. Signaling through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathway is increasingly being realized to play important role in EMT through the regulation of novel miRNAs which further validates the importance of this signaling network and its regulations by indole compounds. Here we will review the available literature on the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling by both parental I3C and DIM, as well as their analogs/derivatives, in an attempt to catalog their anticancer activity.
Dexamethasone, D-penicillamine, and glaucoma filter surgery in rabbits. (1986)

A study was made in rabbits of the effect of topical dexamethasone ointment, .05%, and either subconjunctival or intraperitoneal D-penicillamine on the duration of function of glaucoma filtering surgery. The drugs were tested alone and in combination. Intraperitoneal D-penicillamine was not effective, either alone or combined with topical dexamethasone. Topical dexamethasone ointment alone and subconjunctival D-penicillamine alone significantly prolonged the duration of function of the filter surgery; however, when combined, no additional effect was observed. It was concluded that the institution of therapy with both drugs immediately after glaucoma filtering surgery was not the optimal temporal sequence for combining the two modes of therapy.
Direct Conversion of Primary and Secondary Carboxylic Acids to Trifluoromethyl Ketones. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Marinobufagenin Inhibits Proliferation via NA+/K+-Atpase-Dependent Down-Regulation of Erk and Jnk Signaling in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2007)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published March 2007Marinobufagenin Inhibits Proliferation via NA+/K+-Atpase-Dependent Down-Regulation of Erk and Jnk Signaling in Chinese Hamster Ovary CellsM.N. Uddin, D. Horvat, […], S.S. Glaser, L.B. McLean, and J.B. Puschett+2-2View all authors and affiliationsVolume 55, Issue 2https://doi.org/10.1177/108155890705500266
Joint sparse auto-encoder: A semi-supervised spatio-temporal approach in mapping large-scale croplands (2017)

Automated cropland monitoring can offer timely and reliable agricultural information, which is critical to meet the increasing demand for food supply and food security. In most cropland mapping tasks, domain researchers provide manually labeled training samples for several major crop types and request for identifying these major crops in a target region. However, it is very expensive to hire experts to label all the other land covers that exist in the target region. In this paper, we propose a novel learning framework to identify major crops without using labeled training samples for other land covers. For each major crop type, we train a one-class classification model based on sparse-autoencoder (SAE). Specifically, we utilize the high-resolution (~10m) remote sensing data as input features to classify each location either as one of major crop types or as other land covers. Many crop types are similar to each other in most dates of a year, but are distinguishable only during a short period in growing season. To better model the seasonal patterns of different crop types and to capture the their discriminative periods, we introduce a sliding window to cover different growing periods in a year and learn separate SAEs from these periods. Moreover, since remote sensing data are commonly disturbed by natural noise factors, we explore the spatial contiguity of unlabeled data in test region and incorporate it as a constraint in training process to further improve the performance. In this way, we utilize both labeled data and unlabeled data in a semi-supervised method to jointly train SAE. Finally, we design a mechanism to combine the SAEs trained for different crop types to make final classification decisions. We extensively evaluate the proposed method in mapping several major crops in Minnesota, US. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately map the extent of major crops, and capture the temporal growing patterns of different crops. Besides, the results confirm the effectiveness of spatial constraint in mitigating noise factors and making spatially contiguous classification. In addition, we give illustrative examples to show that the proposed method can help detect errors in existing cropland mapping product.
Superposition in a class of nonlinear systems (1965)

Many nonlinear systems can be interpreted as linear transformations between vector spaces under appropriate definitions for the vector operations on the inputs and outputs. The class of systems which can be represented in this way, is discussed here. This class, referred to as the class of homomorphic systems, is shown to include all invertible systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions on a noninvertible system such that it is a homomorphic system, are derived. A canonic representation of homomorphic systems is presented. This representation consists of a cascade of three systems, the first and last of which are determined only by the vector space of inputs and the vector space of outputs, respectively. The second system in the canonic representation is a linear system. Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented under which all of the memory in the system can be concentrated in the linear portion of the canonic representation. A means for classifying homomorphic systems, suggested by the canonic representation, is discussed. This means of classification offers the advantage that systems within a class differ only in the linear portion of the canonic representation. Applications of the theory are considered for a class of nonlinear feedback systems.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Initial Evaluation of ( 18 F)DCFPyL for Prostate- Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Targeted PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2015)

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a recognized target for imaging prostate cancer. Here we present initial safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry results with [ 18 F]DCFPyL, a second-generation fluorine-18-labeled small-molecule PSMA inhibitor, in patients with prostate cancer. Procedures: Biodistribution was evaluated using sequential positron-emission tomography (PET) scans in nine patients with prostate cancer. Time-activity curves from the most avid tumor foci were determined. The radiation dose to selected organs was estimated using OLINDA/EXM. Results: No major radiotracer-specific adverse events were observed. Physiologic accumulation was observed in known sites of PSMA expression. Accumulation in putative sites of prostate cancer was observed (SUVmax up to 9100, and tumor-to-blood ratios up to 950). The effective radiation dose from [ 18 F]DCFPyL was 0.0139 mGy/MBq or 5 mGy (0.5 rem) from an injected dose of 370 MBq (10 mCi). Conclusions: [ 18 F]DCFPyL is safe with biodistribution as expected, and its accumulation is high
Topical Drug Formulations for Prolonged Corneal Anesthesia (2013)

Coadministration of TTX and PPC significantly prolonged corneal anesthesia, but in view of delayed corneal reepithelialization, caution is suggested in the use of the drug combination.
Breaking network connectivity leads to ultralow thermal conductivities in fully dense amorphous solids (2016)

We demonstrate a method to reduce the thermal conductivity of fully dense (above the rigidity percolation threshold) amorphous thin films below the minimum limit by systematically changing the coordination number through hydrogenation. Studying a-SiO:H, a-SiC:H, and a-Si:H thin films, we measure the thermal properties using time-domain thermoreflectance to show that thermal conductivity can be reduced below the amorphous limit by a factor of up to two. By experimentally investigating the thermophysical parameters that determine thermal conductivity, we show that sound speed, atomic density, and heat capacity cannot explain the measured reduction in thermal conductivity, revealing that the coordination number can significantly alter the scattering length scale of heat carriers. Reformulating the minimum limit to consider the propensity for energy to transfer through the non-hydrogen network of atoms, we observe greatly improved agreement with experimental data.
A Proposed Model for Predicting Residual Clamp Load in Gasketed Bolted Joints (2010)

An improved mathematical model is proposed for predicting the residual clamp load in gasketed bolted joints, taking into consideration gasket creep relaxation behavior, bolt stiffness, and joint stiffness. The gasket creep relaxation behavior is represented by a number of parameters which has been obtained experimentally in a previous work. An experimental procedure is developed to verify the proposed model using a single-bolt joint. The bolt is tightened to a target preload and the clamp load loss due to gasket creep relaxation is observed over time under various preload levels. The experimental and analytical results are presented and discussed. The proposed model provides a prediction of the residual clamp load as a function of time, gasket material and thickness, bolt stiffness, and joint stiffness. The improved model can be used to simulate the behavior of creep relaxation in soft joints as the joint stiffness effect is considered. Additionally, a closed form solution is formulated to determine the initial clamp load level necessary to provide the desired level of a steady state residual clamp load in the joint, by taking the gasket creep relaxation into account.
Human hair greying is linked to a specific depletion of hair follicle melanocytes affecting both the bulb and the outer root sheath (2004)

Thus, hair greying appears to be a consequence of an overall and specific depletion of bulb and ORS melanocytes of human hair.
Diode-clamped three-level inverter-based battery/supercapacitor direct integration scheme for renewable energy systems (2011)

This paper describes a diode-clamped three-level inverter-based battery/supercapacitor direct integration scheme for renewable energy systems. The study is carried out for three different cases. In the first case, one of the two dc-link capacitors of the inverter is replaced by a battery bank and the other by a supercapacitor bank. In the second case, dc-link capacitors are replaced by two battery banks. In the third case, ordinary dc-link capacitors are replaced by two supercapacitor banks. The first system is supposed to mitigate both long-term and short-term power fluctuations while the last two systems are intended for smoothening long-term and short-term power fluctuations, respectively. These topologies eliminate the need for interfacing dc-dc converters and thus considerably improve the overall system efficiency. The major issue in aforementioned systems is the unavoidable imbalance in dc-link voltages. An analysis on the effects of unbalance and a space vector modulation method, which can produce undistorted current even in the presence of such unbalances, are presented in this paper. Furthermore, small vector selection-based power sharing and state of charge balancing techniques are proposed. Experimental results, obtained from a laboratory prototype, are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed modulation and control techniques.
A truncated form of CKβ8‐1 is a potent agonist for human formyl peptide‐receptor‐like 1 receptor (2004)

1. Human formyl peptide-receptor-like-1 (FPRL-1) is a promiscuous G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), and belongs to a chemoattractant receptor family protein. This receptor has been reported to interact with various host-derived peptides and lipids involved in inflammatory responses. We described here, a novel role for FPRL-1 as a high-affinity beta-chemokine receptor for an N-terminally truncated form of the CKbeta8 (CCL23/MPIF-1) splice variant CKbeta8-1 (22-137 aa). 2. RT-PCR analysis of mRNA derived from human tissues and cells revealed a predominant expression of FPRL-1 in inflammatory cells, particularly in neutrophils. 3. Intracellular calcium mobilisation assay, used as screening tool, in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293s) cells coexpressing FPRL-1 and Galpha(16), demonstrated FPRL-1 is a functional high-affinity receptor for CKbeta8-1 (46-137 aa, sCKbeta8-1), with pEC(50) values of 9.13 and 8.85, respectively. 4. The FPRL-1 activation in CHO-K1 cells is mediated by Galpha(i)/Galpha(o) proteins, as assessed by pertussis toxin sensitivity and inhibition of forskolin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation. 5. Binding experiments were performed with a radio-iodinated synthetic peptide, [(125-)I]-WKYMVm, a known potent FPRL-1 agonist. CHO-K1 cell membranes expressing FPRL-1 bound [(125-)I]-WKYMVm with a K(d) value of 9.34. Many known FPRL-1 agonists were tested and sCKbeta8-1 was the most effective nonsynthetic ligand in displacing the radiolabelled agonist, with a pIC(50) of 7.97. 6. The functional significance of sCKbeta8-1 interaction with FPRL-1 was further demonstrated by the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) calcium mobilisation and chemotaxis. These interactions were shown to be via FPRL-1 by specific blockade of PMNs activation in the presence of an FPRL-1 antibody.
Cardiovascular risk and events after liver transplantation. Experiences from 313 consecutive transplants with a follow‐up of 20 years (2015)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the third leading cause of late death after liver transplantation (LT). The old PROCAM score was described in males (aged 35-65 yr) to estimate cardiovascular events after LT. New PROCAM is now available to estimate risks for cardiovascular events in both genders and for a wider age range (25-75 yr). We tested old and new PROCAM in long-term follow-up (10 and 20 yr) and described CVD risk factors, kidney function, and immunosuppression over two decades. A retrospective study of 313 consecutive LTs was conducted. At 10 (T2) and 20 (T3) yr, patients were screened for cardiovascular events, and for T1 (0.5 yr) and T2, CVD risk factors were recorded and old and new PROCAM calculated. PROCAM estimates were compared with observed events. CVD risk factors increased significantly over time and kidney function decreased. Between T1 and T2 in males, fewer events were observed (o) than estimated (e) (males: o: 3 vs. e: 6.05-9.88; females o: 2 vs. e: 1.35-4.21). For both genders, new PROCAM was appropriate between T2 and T3 (males o: 8; e: 4.5-8.57; females o: 2; e: 1.2-4.46). New PROCAM sufficiently estimates cardiovascular risk after LT, while overestimation in T1-T2 may be due to strict surveillance.
Indispensability of Horizontally Transferred Genes and Its Impact on Bacterial Genome Streamlining (2016)

Why are certain bacterial genomes so small and compact? The adaptive genome streamlining hypothesis posits that selection acts to reduce genome size because of the metabolic burden of replicating DNA. To reveal the impact of genome streamlining on cellular traits, we reduced the Escherichia coli genome by up to 20% by deleting regions which have been repeatedly subjects of horizontal transfer in nature. Unexpectedly, horizontally transferred genes not only confer utilization of specific nutrients and elevate tolerance to stresses, but also allow efficient usage of resources to build new cells, and hence influence fitness in routine and stressful environments alike. Genome reduction affected fitness not only by gene loss, but also by induction of a general stress response. Finally, we failed to find evidence that the advantage of smaller genomes would be due to a reduced metabolic burden of replicating DNA or a link with smaller cell size. We conclude that as the potential energetic benefit gained by deletion of short genomic segments is vanishingly small compared with the deleterious side effects of these deletions, selection for reduced DNA synthesis costs is unlikely to shape the evolution of small genomes.
Hochenantio- und -diastereoselektive Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktionen, katalyisert durch neue chirale Chrom(III)-Komplexe (1999)

Selbst schwach nucleophile Diene reagieren mit einfachen Aldehyden unter Verwendung eines neuen CrIII-Katalysators in einer Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktion [Gl. (1)]. Dabei werden Tetrahydropyrane, die bis zu drei stereogene Zentren enthalten, mit nahezu perfekter Diastereoselektivität und >90 % ee (99 % ee für das gezeigte Beispiel) erhalten. MS = Molekularsieb; TBAF = Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid; TBS = tert-Butyldimethylsilyl; TES = Triethylsilyl.
Extracellular microRNA profiling for prognostic prediction in patients with high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (2021)

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is a leading cause of death in female patients worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable noncoding RNAs in the peripheral blood that reflect a patient's condition, and therefore, they have received substantial attention as noninvasive biomarkers in various diseases. We previously reported the usefulness of serum miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we investigated the prognostic impact of the serum miRNA profile. We used the GSE106817 dataset, which included preoperative miRNA profiles of patients with ovarian malignancies. Excluding patients with other malignancy or insufficient prognostic information, we included 175 patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. All patients except four underwent surgery and received chemotherapy as initial treatment. The median follow-up period was 54.6 months (range, 3.5-144.1 months). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that higher levels of miR-187-5p and miR-6870-5p were associated with both poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and miR-1908-5p, miR-6727-5p, and miR-6850-5p were poor prognostic indicators of PFS. The OS and PFS prognostic indices were then calculated using the expression values of three prognostic miRNAs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that both indices were significantly independent poor prognostic factors (hazard ratio for OS and PFS, 2.343 [P = .015] and 2.357 [P = .005], respectively). In conclusion, circulating miRNA profiles can potentially provide information to predict the prognosis of patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Therefore, there is a strong demand for early clinical application of circulating miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers.