gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frontal Lobe Contributions to Theory of Mind (1998)

"Theory of mind," the ability to make inferences about others" mental states, seems to be a modular cognitive capacity that underlies humans" ability to engage in complex social interaction. It develops in several distinct stages, which can be measured with social reasoning tests of increasing difficulty. Individuals with Asperger"s syndrome, a mild form of autism, perform well on simpler theory of mind tests but show deficits on more developmentally advanced theory of mind tests. We tested patients with bilateral damage to orbito-frontal cortex (n = 5) and unilateral damage in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (n = 5) on a series of theory of mind tasks varying in difficulty. Bilateral orbito-frontal lesion patients performed similarly to individuals with Asperger"s syndrome, performing well on simpler tests and showing deficits on tasks requiring more subtle social reasoning, such as the ability to recognize a faux pas. In contrast, no specific theory of mind deficits were evident in the unilateral dorsolateral frontal lesion patients. The dorsolateral lesion patients had difficulty only on versions of the tasks that placed demands on working memory.
The Relationship Between Smartphone-Recorded Environmental Audio and Symptomatology of Anxiety and Depression: Exploratory Study (2020)

In this study group, the environmental audio was shown to contain signals that were associated with the severity of depression and functional impairment. Associations with the severity of social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were much weaker in comparison and not statistically significant at the 5% significance level. This work also confirmed previous work showing that the presence of voices is associated with depression. Furthermore, this study suggests that sparsely sampled audio volume could provide potentially relevant insight into subjects' mental health.
Program behavior prediction using a statistical metric model (2010)

Adaptive computing systems rely on predictions of program behavior to understand and respond to the dynamically varying application characteristics. This study describes an accurate statistical workload metric modeling scheme for predicting program phases. Our evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of this predictor over existing predictors on a wide range of benchmarks. This prediction accuracy lends itself to improved power-performance trade-offs when applied to dynamic power management.
Abstract SY33-01: Targeting metabolism to enhance immunotherapy (2017)

Abstract The extraordinary proliferative capacity of cancer necessitates specialized metabolic programming on the part of cancer cells. Indeed, this specialized metabolism not only facilitates growth but also creates a hypoxic, acidic, nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment able to thwart immune destruction. We hypothesized that by targeting tumor metabolism we could not only slow down tumor growth but also “condition” tumors to be more susceptible to immunotherapy. Inherent to the specialized metabolism of tumors is a markedly increased requirement for glutamine. To this end we have devised a novel glutamine antagonist that is delivered as an inert prodrug that is converted to the active drug by enzymatic activity, which is enriched in tumors. In syngeneic mouse models of cancer our prodrug (JHU-083) markedly inhibited tumor growth, leading to cure of mice after only 14 days of monotherapy. Importantly, targeting glutamine metabolism led to a decreased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), decreased hypoxia, and increased nutrient availability. Furthermore, we observed decreases in MDSC and fibrocytes with a concomitant increase in inflammatory (TNF-producing) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Likewise, there was an increase in the CD8:Treg ratio and in some tumors a decrease in PDL1 expression on both tumors and infiltrating immune cells. Most importantly, JHU-083 markedly enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy in the form of checkpoint blockade, adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), and A2aR blockade. Overall our studies define a novel compound for targeting metabolism as a means of enhancing immunotherapy for cancer. Citation Format: Jonathan D. Powell, Robert Leone, Judd Englert, Rana Rais, Barbara Slusher. Targeting metabolism to enhance immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY33-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-SY33-01
Short synthesis of a bicyclic mimic of α-L-fucose (1994)

A. R. Beacham, K. Biggadike, H. E. Taylor, L. Hackett, B. G. Winchester, D. J. Watkin and G. W. J. Fleet, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2001 DOI: 10.1039/C39940002001
Cross-Product Functional Coverage Measurement with Temporal Properties-Based Assertions (2003)

Temporal specification languages provide an efficient way to express events comprised of complex temporal scenarios. Assertions based on these languages are used to detect violations of the specification and monitor coverage events. In this paper, we propose to extend temporal specification languages, and assertions based on these languages with auxiliary variables. We attach these variables to sub-expressions and assign them values when the sub-expressions are evaluated. The use of auxiliary variables enables the implementation of large cross-product coverage models, using small number of assertions. This simplifies the definition and implementation of coverage models and helps reduce the simulation overhead caused by assertions, thus increasing the efficiency of simulation resources.
Second generation liquid source misted chemical deposition (LSMCD) technology for ferroelectric thin films (1997)

Abstract This paper discusses the second generation liquid source misted chemical deposition (LSMCD) technology currently being developed for ferroelectric thin film deposition. A SubMicron Systems (SMS) Model Primaxx-2F cluster tool was used to deposit the films. The developments that have been made since the first generation machine are discussed. The process chamber schematics along with the characteristics of the aerosol generator are explained in detail. The electrical properties obtained from the films deposited by the tool are found to be similar to that of spin-on films. The step coverage obtained on patterned wafers are also shown. The LSMCD technique combines the advantages of spin-on such as simplicity, good stoichiometry control and superior electrical properties with the advantages of CVD such as superior step coverage, manufacturability, etc.
Measurement of electro-optic and electrogyratory effects in Bi12TiO20 (1990)

We have conducted measurements of the linear electro-optic coefficient (r41) and electrogyratory coefficient (η41) in Bi12TiO20 at 633 nm. A precise knowledge of these coefficients is important for evaluating the holographic recording properties of this photorefractive material. We have employed both transverse and longitudinal electric field geometries. For each geometry, we present the results of dc as well as ac techniques. Based on these results we find r41=5.75±0.10 pm/V and ‖η41‖≤0.30±0.05 pm/V. We critically examine our measurements and discuss their relative accuracy. Our findings are compared to those previously reported by other investigators.
Abstract LB-150: Genetic depletion of DNMT1 reveals a DNMT1 threshold controlling DNA methylation in human cells (2015)

Abstract Altered DNA methylation patterns are a central feature of most types of human cancer cells. However, the exact roles of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in human DNA methylation maintenance are not well characterized. The long-established model that DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 maintains most DNA methylation in human cells has been challenged by multiple DNMT1 knockdown/knockout studies in the past decade. A potential role for de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B in maintaining DNA methylation in cancer cells has been suggested but is also not precisely known. To investigate the above issues, we have utilized both genetic recombination and CRISPR technology to deplete DNMTs individually or in combination in human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. Previously we created a strong HCT116 DNMT1 hypomorph (1KO) by genetic recombination. Although 1KO cells lost about 85% of DNMT1 protein, they still maintained the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes and showed only 20% decrease in overall DNA methylation. We now show that further depletion of DNMT1 in 1KO cells, to less than 1% of wild type HCT116 cells, resulted in elimination of most DNA methylation and reactivation of key tumor suppressor genes including p16. In addition, we found that DNA methylation in HCT116 cells is controlled by different DNMT1 thresholds. Surprisingly, when we disrupted DNMT3A or DNMT3B with CRISPR in HCT116 cells, we see altered DNA methylation patterns involving both gains and losses of DNA methylation. Since abnormal DNA hypermethylation in cancer often associates with epigenetic gene silencing, this observation is especially relevant for the function of DNMT3A mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Finally, we demonstrated that depletion of DNMT1-targeting protein UHRF1 efficiently reduced DNA methylation in human colon cancer cells. Our results not only defined the distinct roles of individual DNMTs in human cancer cell DNA methylation maintenance but also suggested UHRF1 inhibition as an alternative approach to reverse abnormal DNA hypermethylation in human cancer cells. Citation Format: Yi Cai, Hsing-chen Tsai, Ray-whay Yen, Limin Xia, Yang Zhang, Stephen Baylin. Genetic depletion of DNMT1 reveals a DNMT1 threshold controlling DNA methylation in human cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-150. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-150
Role of NKX2-1 in diffuse infiltrative pneumonia (2018)

Inherited surfactant metabolism disorders represent 10 to 15 % of respiratory syndrome associated with alveolar-interstitial lung disease in children. NKX2-1 (NK2 homeobox 1) is a critical regulator of transcription for the surfactant protein (SP)-A, B, C and D genes (<i>SFTPA</i>, <i>B</i>, <i>C</i> and <i>D</i> respectively) and ABCA-3. In humans, NKX2-1 mutations have been reported in patients with respiratory disease usually in association with neurological symptoms and thyroid dysfunction (Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome) or, more recently, isolated. The aim of this work is to improve our understanding of NKX2-1 mutations deleterious effect, which produce atypical phenotype of the Brain-Lung-Thyroid syndrome. We studied two mutations of NKX2-1: DUP found in a patient with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome and DEL found in a family presenting with isolated respiratory disease over 3 generations. The protein obtained from the wild-type and mutated <i>NKX2-1</i> plasmids were analyzed by Western blot and subcellular localization was assessed by confocal microscopy. Transcriptional regulation studies of <i>SFTPA, SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3</i> promoters were assessed in A549 cells. Thyroglobulin promoter activity was measured with or without PAX8 cofactor in Nthy cells. The two frameshift mutations (dup+1nt/del-2nt) produce an aberrant protein of 408 amino acids deleted of the functional homeodomain. Subcellular localization of the mutant proteins was different than the wild-type protein and functional activity was in accordance with the phenotype. In conclusion, our study deciphers the mechanism of NKX2-1 regulation in thyroid cells and elucidates phenotype/genotype correlation of NKX2-1 mutations responsible for pulmonary phenotype.
Standard Index Development for Comparing the Glomerular Number (2001)

Background: The number of glomerulus has been considered one of etiologic factors especially for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, glomeruli are too many to calculate them correctly. Although fractionator method has became convinced, in which they used selected sections, not whole kidney sections, with same intervals, it is also very hard to get good results. Because it is still very time-consuming and laborous work which leads to make big observers' biases. Methods and Materials: We designed index for glomerular number to estimate tendency of increase or decrease of number of it in different kidneys and which was evaluated by other conventional methods including fractionator method. Index was based upon theory by Nyengaard; the number of glomerulus correlates with weight of kidney, which is positively correlated with body Calculating formula is number of glomeruli/surface areas of cortices, which contain calculated glomeruli multiplies by kidney weight/body weight. Results: We applied this index to kidneys of FGS/Kist mouse and those of RFM/Nga mouse. The former is spontaneous glomerulosclerosis model with heavy protein uria and renal failure and latter is mother side of FGS/Kist mouse but has no glomerular disease or protein uria. The number of glomerulus of FGS/Kist mouse was decreased by 30% to those of RFM/Nga mouse. Conclusion: This index was useful and reliable for estimating relative glomerular number between two groups.
A 3.3 V-only 16 Mb DINOR flash memory (2002)

A 3.3 V only, block erasable 16 Mb divided bit-line NOR-DINOR flash memory has 47 ns random access time and 1 MB programming throughput. Power consumption in program operation is 60 mW. This memory is fabricated using a 0.5 /spl mu/m design-rule, double-layer aluminum, triple-layer polysilicon, triple-well CMOS. The effective memory cell is 1.4/spl times/1.35 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. 256B page buffer, optimized source/drain memory cell structure and efficient charge pump result in high speed, low power consumption, and low cost.
Directed Assembly of Lamellae Forming Block Copolymer Thin Films near the Order-Disorder Transition (2014)

The impact of thin film confinement on the ordering of lamellae was investigated using symmetric poly(styrene-b-[isoprene-ran-epoxyisoprene]) diblock copolymers bound by nonpreferential wetting interfaces. The order–disorder transition temperature (TODT) and the occurrence of composition fluctuations in the disordered state are not significantly affected by two-dimensional confinement. Directed self-assembly using chemical patterning is demonstrated near TODT. These results establish the minimum feature size attainable using directed self-assembly of a given diblock copolymer system.
Endoscopic Histoacryl Obliteration vs. Propranolol in the Prevention of Esophagogastric Variceal Rebleeding: A Randomized Trial (2003)

Repeated injections of Histoacryl with the aim of eradicating esophagogastric varices are associated with more complications compared with beta-blocker administration, with similar results in terms of rebleeding rate and survival in the long term.
Suitability of SIMP and BESO Topology Optimization Algorithms for Additive Manufacture (2010)

Additive manufacturing (AM) is expanding the range of designable geometries, but to exploit this evolving design space new methods are required to find optimum solutions. Finite element based topology optimisation (TO) is a powerful method of structural optimization, however the results obtained tend to be dependent on the algorithm used, the algorithm parameters and the finite element mesh. This paper will discuss these issues as it relates to the SIMP and BESO algorithms. An example of the application of topological optimization to the design of improved structures is given.
Electron beam induced temperature oscillation for qualitative thermal conductivity analysis by an SThM/ESEM-hybrid-system (2009)

A hybrid-system consisting of a scanning thermal microscope and an environmental scanning electron microscope is used to analyze directional thermal conductivity mechanisms. An electron beam stimulates locally variable hot spots, whereas a thermal probe is used as a locally resolving detector. The detected temperature oscillation strongly depends both on the local thermal conductivity and on the directivity of the heat transport within the investigated sample. This may allow analysis of linear structures like interfaces within materials.
Thermoelectric Transport in a ZrN/ScN Superlattice (2009)

Metal/semiconductor superlattices have the potential for a high thermoelectric figure of merit. The thermopower of these structures can be enhanced by controlling the barrier height using high-energy electron filtering. In addition, phonon scattering at interfaces can reduce the lattice contribution to the thermal conductivity. In this paper, we present theoretical and experimental studies of the thermoelectric transport in ZrN/ScN metal/semiconductor superlattices. Preliminary measurement results show an exponential increase in the cross-plane electrical conductivity with increasing temperature, which indicates the presence of the barrier. Fit of the Boltzmann transport-based model with the data indicates a barrier height of 280 meV. The cross-plane Seebeck coefficient of the sample is also measured by combining Seebeck voltage transient measurements with the thermal imaging technique. A Seebeck coefficient of 820 μV/K at room temperature is extracted, which is in good agreement with the simulation result of 800 μV/K. Theoretical calculations predict that the ZrN/ScN structure can exhibit a ZT of 1.5 at 1300 K assuming lateral momentum is conserved and that a ZT of 3 is achievable if the lateral momentum is not conserved.
Strategies for building polymers from renewable sources: Using prepolymers from steam treatment of wood and monomers from fermentation of agricultural products (2003)

A strategic research area today is development of polymericproducts made from renewable sources. The ways of utilizingrenewable sources studied in this thesis are using 1)prepolymers obtained by steam treatment of wood and 2) monomersobtainable by fermentation of agricultural products.Novel hemicellulose-based hydrogels were prepared by usingprepolymers obtained from steam treatment of spruce.Hemicellulose was first modified with well-defined amounts ofmethacrylic functions. Hydrogels were then prepared by radicalpolymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate orpoly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate to form hydrogels. Theradical polymerization reaction was carried out in water usinga redox initiator system. The hydrogels were in generalelastic, soft and easily swollen in water. Frequency sweeptests indicated that the hydrogel system displayed prevailingsolid-like behavior. Comparison of the hemicellulose-basedhydrogels with pure poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-basedhydrogels showed that it was possible to preparehemicellulose-based hydrogels with properties similar to thoseof pure poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based hydrogels.Polyester-based materials were prepared by using themonomers 1,3- propanediol and succinic acid obtainable byfermentation. α,ω-Dihydroxyterminatedoligomeric polyesters produced by the thermal polycondensationof 1,3-propanediol and succinic acid were chain-extended toobtain sufficiently high molecular weight. Depending on thechain-extension technology adopted, poly(ester carbonate)s orpoly(ester urethane)s were obtained. In the case of poly(estercarbonate)s, the chain-extended products ofα,ω-dihydroxyterminated oligomeric copolyesters werealso produced using 1,3-propanediol/1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol/succinic acid mixtures toimprove thermal and mechanical properties. Segmented poly(esterether carbonate)s fromα,ω-dihydroxyterminated oligo(propylenesuccinate)s and poly(ethylene glycol) were also synthesized toincrease the hydrophilicity.Molecular weights and polydispersity were analyzed by SECfor all materials. Their structures were also identified by NMRspectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). All characterizations werein agreement with the proposed structures. Thermal parameterswere characterized by DSC. Tensile testing anddynamic-mechanical tests were performed and in additionpreliminary processing trials were carried out in some cases.The results demonstrate the feasibility of using monomersderived from renewable sources to build up new polymericstructures endowed with a variety of physical and mechanicalproperties.
The mechanical testing and performance analysis of polymer-fibre composites prepared through the additive manufacturing (2020)

The development of fibre composites in recent years has been remarkably strong, owing to their high performance and durability. Various advancements in fibre composites are emerging because of their increased use in a myriad of applications. One of the popular processing methods is additive manufacturing (AM), however, polymer-fibre composites manufactured through AM have a significantly lower strength compared to the conventional manufacturing processes, for instance, injection moulding. This article is a comprehensive review of the mechanical testing and performance analysis of polymer-fibre composites fabricated through AM, in particular fused deposition modelling (FDM). The review highlights the effect of the various processing parameters, involved in the FDM of polymer-fibre composites, on the observed mechanical properties. In addition, the thermal properties of FDM based fibre composites are also briefly reviewed. Overall, the review article has been structured to provide an impetus for researchers in the concerned engineering domain to gain an insight into the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced polymeric composites manufactured through AM.
Synergistic interaction between fungal cell wall degrading enzymes and different antifungal compounds enhances inhibition of spore germination (1994)

Different classes of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the biocontrol fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Gliocladium virens inhibited spore germination of Botrytis cinerea in a bioassay in vitro. The addition of any chitinolytic or glucanolytic enzyme to the reaction mixture synergistically enhanced the antifungal properties of five different fungitoxic compounds against B. cinerea. The chemicals tested were gliotoxin, flusilazole, miconazole, captan and benomyl. Dose response curves were determined for each combination of toxin and enzyme, and in all cases the ED50 values of the mixtures were substantially lower than ED50 values of the two compounds used alone. For instance, the addition of endochitinase from T. harzianum at a concentration of 10 micrograms ml-1 reduced the ED50 values of toxins up to 86-fold. The level of synergism appeared to be higher when enzymes were combined with toxins having primary sites of action associated with membrane structure, compared with pesticides having multiple or cytoplasmic sites of action. Among enzymes tested, the highest levels of synergism with synthetic fungicides were detected for the endochitinase from T. harzianum strain P1, which, when used alone, was the most effective chitinolytic enzyme against phytopathogenic fungi of those tested. The use of hydrolytic enzymes to synergistically enhance the antifungal ability of fungitoxic compounds may reduce the impact of some chemical pesticides on plants and animals.
One-Year Follow-up in the Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial (CAVEAT I) (1995)

Long-term follow-up of the 1012 patients randomized to atherectomy or angioplasty has revealed a statistically significant excess of deaths after directional atherectomy that was not evident at 6 months. This difference could be due to the chance occurrence of a low mortality rate in those randomized to angioplasty. The excess of myocardial infarctions after atherectomy remains statistically significant at 1 year. Further investigation is warranted to improve the safety of atherectomy.