gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysis of tumor cells by human blood monocytes by a mechanism independent of activation of the oxidative burst. (1985)

Tumorilytic human blood monocytes recognize and destroy neoplastic cells by a mechanism that is nonphagocytic and requires cell-to-cell contact. The mechanism of cytolysis subsequent to binding is controversial. Release of reactive oxygen intermediates by activated rodent macrophages has been suggested as an important mechanism for tumor cell lysis in some short-term cytotoxicity assays. We examined whether oxygen intermediates are also responsible for mediating the lysis of adherent human tumor cells in a long-term (72-h) tumoricidal assay. Human blood monocytes were incubated with medium, concanavalin A-stimulated lymphokine [macrophage-activating factor (MAF)], lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, or human recombinant gamma interferon for 24 h prior to the addition of [125I] iododeoxyuridine-labeled A375 melanoma cells. The following evidence indicated that monocyte-mediated tumor cell lysis was independent of superoxide anion (O2-) and H2O2 production: (a) although human blood monocytes incubated for 24 h with gamma interferon produced twice as much O2- as control or MAF-treated monocytes, gamma interferon did not activate monocyte tumoricidal activity unless combined with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, 0.2 ng/ml or more; (b) incubating the monocytes with 10 nM phorbol myristate acetate for 0.5 h stimulated O2- production but no cytotoxicity; (c) the cytolytic activity of MAF-treated monocytes was not decreased in the presence of catalase or superoxide dismutase; and (d) finally, peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from six patients with chronic granulomatous disease, activated by MAF or lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, and then assayed for tumoricidal activity. While these activated chronic granulomatous disease monocytes did not produce O2- or H2O2, tumor cell lysis was normal in all six patients. Hence, lysis of tumor cells in a 72-h assay is not dependent upon the generation of O2- and/or H2O2 and is intact in chronic granulomatous disease monocytes.
Reversible and irreversible processes in donor-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (2000)

In this letter, the reversible and irreversible polarization contributions in donor-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 are investigated using conventional capacitance–voltage (C–V) and hysteresis measurements. The dependence of the Rayleigh coefficient in the subcoercive regime on the doping concentration is investigated and shown to be consistent with the assumption of an interaction of the domain walls with randomly distributed defects.
Perceptual Training Restores Impaired Cortical Temporal Processing Due to Lead Exposure (2014)

Low-level lead exposure is a risk factor for cognitive and learning disabilities in children and has been specifically associated with deficits in auditory temporal processing that impair aural language and reading abilities. Here, we show that rats exposed to low levels of lead in early life display a significant behavioral impairment in an auditory temporal rate discrimination task. Lead exposure also results in a degradation of the neuronal repetition-rate following capacity and response synchronization in primary auditory cortex. A modified go/no-go repetition-rate discrimination task applied in adult animals for ∼50 days nearly restores to normal these lead-induced deficits in cortical temporal fidelity. Cortical expressions of parvalbumin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and NMDA receptor subunits NR2a and NR2b, which are down-regulated in lead-exposed animals, are also partially reversed with training. These studies in an animal model identify the primary auditory cortex as a novel target for low-level lead exposure and demonstrate that perceptual training can ameliorate lead-induced deficits in cortical discrimination between sound sequences.
Project MAXWELL: Towards Rapid Realization of Superior Products (2018)

We describe a new methodology for the design and manufacture of mechanical&#13;\ncomponents. The methodology is a synergism of a new, mathematically rigorous&#13;\nprocedure for the concurrent design of shape and material composition of components,&#13;\nand a new manufacturing process called MD* for their realization. The concurrent design&#13;\nstrategy yields information about the global shape of the component and its material&#13;\ncomposition. The fabrication of such designs with novel microstructural configurations&#13;\nrequire unconventional manufacturing processes. MD* is a shape deposition process for&#13;\nthe free-form fabrication of parts from single or composite materials and is ideally suited&#13;\nfor realizing the aforementioned designs. Project MAXWELL, therefore, promotes the use&#13;\nof layered manufacturing beyond prototyping tasks and offers the possibility of their&#13;\nintegration into the mainstream product development and fabrication process..
Ge1-ySny (y = 0.01-0.10) alloys on Ge-buffered Si: Synthesis, microstructure, and optical properties (2014)

Novel hydride chemistries are employed to deposit light-emitting Ge1-ySny alloys with y ≤ 0.1 by Ultra-High Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition (UHV-CVD) on Ge-buffered Si wafers. The properties of the resultant materials are systematically compared with similar alloys grown directly on Si wafers. The fundamental difference between the two systems is a fivefold (and higher) decrease in lattice mismatch between film and virtual substrate, allowing direct integration of bulk-like crystals with planar surfaces and relatively low dislocation densities. For y ≤ 0.06, the CVD precursors used were digermane Ge2H6 and deuterated stannane SnD4. For y ≥ 0.06, the Ge precursor was changed to trigermane Ge3H8, whose higher reactivity enabled the fabrication of supersaturated samples with the target film parameters. In all cases, the Ge wafers were produced using tetragermane Ge4H10 as the Ge source. The photoluminescence intensity from Ge1−ySny/Ge films is expected to increase relative to Ge1−ySny/Si due to the less defected interface with the virtual substrate. However, while Ge1−ySny/Si films are largely relaxed, a significant amount of compressive strain may be present in the Ge1−ySny/Ge case. This compressive strain can reduce the emission intensity by increasing the separation between the direct and indirect edges. In this context, it is shown here that the proposed CVD approach to Ge1−ySny/Ge makes it possible to approach film thicknesses of about 1 μm, for which the strain is mostly relaxed and the photoluminescence intensity increases by one order of magnitude relative to Ge1−ySny/Si films. The observed strain relaxation is shown to be consistent with predictions from strain-relaxation models first developed for the Si1−xGex/Si system. The defect structure and atomic distributions in the films are studied in detail using advanced electron-microscopy techniques, including aberration corrected STEM imaging and EELS mapping of the average diamond–cubic lattice.
in vivo imaging of the bronchial and alveolar walls microstructure using fibered confocal autofluorescence microscopy (2007)

International audience
Effect of Electric Field on Transmission Spectra of a Four-layer Flim Consisting of Ga-doped ZnO, undoped ZnO, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and Ga-doped ZnO (1995)

For devclopment of optical memories using inorganic photochomic materialswc proposed a new principle of field-assisted photochromism(FPC)in which
Advances in tin-based transparent conductive oxides for thin film photovoltaic applications (2008)

Thin film photovoltaic applications typically require a front surface transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The most commercially successful TCO for photovoltaic applications has been fluorine doped tin oxide. Fluorine doped tin oxide is easily processed, mechanically durable, heat resistant, stable, and has controllable morphology. Tin oxide can be deposited during the glass manufacturing process, providing high performance coatings for an excellent value. Recent developments in this field include conductivity shifting coatings, and multi-textured morphologies.
Hybrid Induction Plasma Cutting Process - A New Technology for High Speed Metal Cutting (2014)

A new cutting process, a hybrid system, uses induction heating to heat the metal ahead of the plasma cutting torch. The process has demonstrated the ability to plasma cut steel parts at speeds of up to 4X the speed of the plasma torch without the induction heating. Although the total heat input per unit time is greater, because of the increase in speed, the heat which is conducted into the cut pieces is less. This causes less potential metallurgical damage, less potential distortion, and reduced coating damage and reduced emissions during cutting, in comparison to the plasma cutting process without the induction heating. The initial development was primarily for use in cutting nuclear submarine and aircraft carrier hulls, for scrapping after decommissioning. The process has been demonstrated cutting steel plates and can be used in ship production as well. The primary motivation of the SBIR project was to reduce the heating of the cut pieces, in order to reduce the particulate matter (PM) emissions which occur when coated ship hull material is cut. An induction coil is positioned in front of the plasma cutting torch, to bring the material to an elevated temperature of at least 1600° F, before the plasma is applied to the metal surface. Induction heating testing has shown that the 35 kW induction system can maintain the 1600° F surface temperature at travel speeds of above 220 inches per minute on steel as thick as 3 inches. Once the steel is at that temperature an air plasma torch can cut the metal much faster than cutting cold steel.
Supplementary File from Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Microtubule-Targeted Chemotherapies: Insights into Acute Injury and Long-term Recovery (2023)

&lt;p&gt;File contains description of supplementary methods used for sciatic nerve immunofluorescence data generation and quantification with Supplementary Fig 1 showing how raw fluorescence intensity values were normalized in order to compare levels of acetylated alpha tubulin from samples across treatment groups. Supplementary Figs 2 thru 4 show DRG and sciatic nerve morphology/morphometrics for chemotherapies other than PACLI. Supplementary Table 1 adds perspective to how MTD used to compare the chemotherapies in this study relates to their pharmacokinetic and IC50 properties.&lt;/p&gt;
Template affinity role in CH shrink by DSA planarization (2015)

Density multiplication and contact shrinkage of patterned templates by directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) stands out as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional lithography. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the potential of DSA to address contact and via levels patterning with high resolution by performing either CD shrink or contact multiplication. Different DSA processes are benchmarked based on several success criteria such as: CD control, defectivity (missing holes) as well as placement control. More specifically, the methodology employed to measure DSA contact overlay and the impact of process parameters on placement error control is detailed. Using the 300mm pilot line available in LETI and Arkema's materials, our approach is based on the graphoepitaxy of PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA block copolymers. Our integration scheme, depicted in figure 1, is based on BCP self-assembly inside organic hard mask guiding patterns obtained using 193i nm lithography. The process is monitored at different steps: the generation of guiding patterns, the directed self-assembly of block copolymers and PMMA removal, and finally the transfer of PS patterns into the metallic under layer by plasma etching. Furthermore, several process flows are investigated, either by tuning different material related parameters such as the block copolymer intrinsic period or the interaction with the guiding pattern surface (sidewall and bottom-side affinity). The final lithographic performances are finely optimized as a function of the self-assembly process parameters such as the film thickness and bake (temperature and time). Finally, DSA performances as a function of guiding patterns density are investigated. Thus, for the best integration approach, defect-free isolated and dense patterns for both contact shrink and multiplication (doubling and more) have been achieved on the same processed wafer. These results show that contact hole shrink and multiplication approach using DSA is well compatible with the conventional integration used for CMOS technology.
Synthesis of Potential Impurities of Bicalutamide (2009)

Bicalutamide is an oral nonsteroidal, anti-androgen drug used for prostate cancer. It binds to the androgen receptor. During the bulk synthesis of bicalutamide, various impurities are formed. The present work details the development of simple processes for the preparation of impurities of bicalutamide, viz bical-sulfoxides (6), bical-deshydroxy (10), bical-desfluoro (10a), bical-2-fluoro (10b), and bical-3-fluoro (10c).
<title>Photophysics and nonlinear optical behavior of a,w dithienyl polyenes</title> (1997)

The absorption and emission spectroscopy and nonlinear optical absorption of a series of a,o-dithienyl polyenes were studied in chloroform and n-octane solutions. Dithienyl polyenes containing butyl substituents were also studied. Steady state fluorescence, time resolved emission, fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield measurements were made. The fluorescence quantum yields were significantly lower than those of the corresponding a,w-diphenyl polyenes. Among the dithienyl polyenes, 3,3'-substituted polyenes exhibited stronger fluorescence than those of the 2,2'-substituted. Nonlinear optical absorption experiments showed evidence of two photon absorption. In some polyenes, two photon absorption was followed by excited state absorption.
Augmented Statistical Models: Using Dynamic Kernels for Acoustic Models (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Temporal Correlation Modeling Dynamic Kernels Augmented Statistical Models Experimental Results Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Investigation of a microchannel-based cooling interposer for high-performance memory-on-logic 3DIC design (2013)

3D integrated circuits (3DICs) stack wafers vertically, allowing for heterogeneous integration with shortened wirelengths between multiple circuits. In memory-on-Iogic systems there is a significant concern that high-power sections of the processor will create large thermal gradients that cause logical failures in the stacked memory. In this paper we investigate the use of a microchannel-based interposer to cool the microprocessor while simultaneously decreasing the thermal gradient that the processor imposes on the memory. We have found that hotspots are relatively insensitive to design parameters when the processor die is 300 μm thick, however at a thickness of 10 μm the hotspot temperatures are highly dependent on the microchannel sizing and the thickness of the SiNR polymer layer that was used to seal the microchannels and bond the wafers.
Component cost models for multi-objective optimizations of switched-mode power converters (2013)

Besides product differentiation, cost is a key parameter for market success and sustainable competitive advantage of industrial companies. Academic research in the field of power electronics, however, is often confined to the search for technical innovations or optimizations with focus on pure physical performance indices while the cost dimension is neglected. An explanation for the lack of such cost considerations is the generally poor availability of cost data in academia. This paper discusses the necessity of an increased awareness and sensitivity towards costs and the related opportunities for academic research. Furthermore, cost models for the power semiconductors, the passive components, the cooling systems and the printed circuit boards of switched-mode power converters with an approximate rated power between 5 and 50kW are derived. Based on manufacturer prices for large ordering quantities, numerical values for the cost model parameters are proposed. An example of a multi-objective comparison of different power converter topologies for photovoltaic applications regarding efficiency, volume and total semiconductor chip area is extended by the cost dimension to demonstrate the benefits of employing the developed cost models.
Development of HIFU Treatment for Lower Extremity Varicose Veins (2011)

High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has recently been developed as a noninvasive therapeutic method. In our study, a novel noninvasive therapy with HIFU was proposed for occlusion of lower extremity varicose veins. The temperature increase caused by HIFU is used to occlude varicose veins. Occluded veins became fibrotic, resulting in complete recovery. Our final goal is the medical application of HIFU treatment for varicose veins. In this study, we attempted to occlude the veins of rabbits. Prior to venous occlusion experiments, the area heated by HIFU was investigated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) gel, which denatures at >70 °C. The results indicate that the size of the heated area mainly depends on intensity at the focal point and the exposure time. A tendency was also seen for the heated area to extend toward the transducer with increasing exposure time. In animal experiments, skin burns during HIFU exposure represented a critical problem. We therefore examined the safe range of HIFU intensities in abdominal exposure experiments before conducting venous occlusion experiments. The ultrasound frequency was 1.7 MHz. Intensity at the focal point was 900 W/cm2, and the exposure time was 20 s. Rabbits underwent chemical depilation and echo gel was applied to the exposed skin to fill the boundary gap. Target veins were compressed during HIFU exposure to avoid thermal dissipation, and hyaluronan water solution was injected between the veins and skin to maintain the distance between the skin and veins at ≥5 mm. Veins were then exposed to HIFU and occluded. The capability of HIFU treatment to occlude lower extremity varicose veins was verified by the present study.
In vivo photoacoustic and ultrasonic mapping of rat sentinel lymph nodes with a modified commercial ultrasound imaging system (2010)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the standard method for axillary staging in breast cancer patients, relying on invasive identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) following injection of blue dye and radioactive tracers. While SLNB achieves a low false negative rate (5-10%), it is an invasive procedure requiring ionizing radiation. As an alternative to SLNB, ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy has been tested clinically. However, ultrasound alone is unable to accurately identify which lymph nodes are sentinel. Therefore, a non-ionizing and noninvasive detection method for accurate SLN mapping is needed. In this study, we successfully imaged methylene blue dye accumulation in vivo in rat axillary lymph nodes using a Phillips iU22 ultrasound imaging system adapted for photoacoustic imaging with an Nd:YAG pumped, tunable dye laser. Photoacoustic images of rat SLNs clearly identify methylene blue dye accumulation within minutes following intradermal dye injection and co-registered photoacoustic/ultrasound images illustrate lymph node position relative to surrounding anatomy. To investigate clinical translation, the imaging depth was extended up to 2.5 cm by adding chicken breast tissue on top of the rat skin surface. These results raise confidence that photoacoustic imaging can be used clinically for accurate, noninvasive SLN mapping.
Field Trial of Direct-Detection and Multi-Carrier based 100G Transceiver (2014)

Modulation format plays a critical role for 100G transmission, and there have been extensive works on searching suitable modulation format. We review direct detection based formats, and introduce DC-DQPSK based 100G transceiver for metro networks.
ATIM-17. INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-TUMOR CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE ELICITED BY TOCA 511 & TOCA FC THERAPY IN A RECURRENT HGG PHASE 1 TRIAL (2016)

A dose-escalation clinical study (NCT01470794) using a retroviral replicating vector (RRV), Toca 511, in combination with oral Toca FC (extended-release 5-fluorocytosine [5-FC]) is ongoing to evaluate safety and preliminary efficacy of this investigational therapy in patients with recurrent HGG. Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec) encodes a yeast-derived, codon-optimized, heat-stabilized cytosine deaminase (CD) that converts 5-FC to the anti-cancer drug 5-FU in infected tumors. This virus replicates preferentially in malignant tissue and may have wide application in cancer therapies. When Toca FC is administered, the infected cells are killed by the 5-FU metabolized from 5-FC by the cytosine deaminase protein. In animal tumor models, as infected cancer cells are killed, the diffusible 5-FU also kills neighboring susceptible cells, including myeloid immune suppressor cells that the cancer has attracted to set up an immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment. The killed cancer cells release molecules, such as DAMPs, PAMPs and TLRs that activate antigen presenting cells against released tumor-specific antigens. These tumor antigens are presented to the otherwise intact immune system in the absence of local tumor immune suppression, leading to a robust anti-tumor immune response that targets tumor specific antigens. In the clinical study presented here, Toca 511 is injected into resection cavity walls at time of tumor resection, and followed with multiple courses of Toca FC. Temporal changes in PBMC populations during treatment were measured. Assays included: subtyping of effector, memory, Treg, and myeloid derived suppressor cell panels by flow cytometry; and specific antitumor activity by assays for tumor reactive peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC). Tumor and blood exome sequencing was performed to assess immunogenic potential of the tumor. Measurement of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was also performed. A multivariate analysis using immune data and clinical factors will be presented. Clinical data are consistent with the induction of anti-tumor immune responses after Toca-FC administration.
Review of studies on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the acute phase of stroke and the relationship with clinical outcome (2021)

Acute stroke is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the last decades, new therapies have been investigated with the aim of improving clinical outcomes in the acute phase post stroke onset. However, despite such advances, a large number of patients do not demonstrate improvement, furthermore, some unfortunately deteriorate. Thus, there is a need for additional treatments targeted to the individual patient. A potential therapeutic target is interventions to optimize cerebral perfusion guided by cerebral hemodynamic parameters such as dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). This narrative led to the development of the INFOMATAS (Identifying New targets FOr Management And Therapy in Acute Stroke) project, designed to foster interventions directed towards understanding and improving hemodynamic aspects of the cerebral circulation in acute cerebrovascular disease states. This comprehensive review aims to summarize relevant studies on assessing dCA in patients suffering acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage. The review will provide to the reader the most consistent findings, the inconsistent findings which still need to be explored further and discuss the main limitations of these studies. This will allow for the creation of a research agenda for the use of bedside dCA information for prognostication and targeted perfusion interventions.