gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated hybrid image reconstruction for non-regular sampling color sensors (2014)

Increasing the spatial resolution is an ongoing research topic in image processing. A recently presented approach applies a non-regular sampling mask on a low resolution sensor and subsequently reconstructs the masked area via an extrapolation algorithm to obtain a high resolution image. This paper introduces an acceleration of this approach for use with full color sensors. Instead of employing the effective, yet computationally expensive extrapolation algorithm on each of the three RGB channels, a color space conversion is performed and only the luminance channel is then reconstructed using this algorithm. As natural images contain much less information in the chrominance channels, a fast linear interpolation technique can here be used to accelerate the whole reconstruction procedure. Simulation results show that an average speed up factor of 2.9 is thus achieved, while the loss in visual quality stays imperceptible. Comparisons of PSNR results confirm this.
Increased risk of dialysis and end-stage renal disease among HIV patients in Denmark compared with the background population (2013)

The risk of aRRT is increased more than 4-fold and the risk of cRRT is increased more than 3-fold in HIV patients in Denmark compared with the background population. We found no association between exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir or the combination of the two and risk of aRRT or cRRT.
Small RNA profiling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies MrsI as necessary for an anticipatory iron sparing response (2018)

One key to the success of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> as a pathogen is its ability to reside in the hostile environment of the human macrophage. Bacteria adapt to stress through a variety of mechanisms, including the use of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), which posttranscriptionally regulate bacterial gene expression. However, very little is currently known about mycobacterial sRNA-mediated riboregulation. To date, mycobacterial sRNA discovery has been performed primarily in log-phase growth, and no direct interaction between any mycobacterial sRNA and its targets has been validated. Here, we performed large-scale sRNA discovery and expression profiling in <i>M. tuberculosis</i> during exposure to five pathogenically relevant stresses. From these data, we identified a subset of sRNAs that are highly induced in multiple stress conditions. We focused on one of these sRNAs, ncRv11846, here renamed mycobacterial regulatory sRNA in iron (MrsI). We characterized the regulon of MrsI and showed in mycobacteria that it regulates one of its targets, <i>bfrA</i>, through a direct binding interaction. MrsI mediates an iron-sparing response that is required for optimal survival of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> under iron-limiting conditions. However, MrsI is induced by multiple host-like stressors, which appear to trigger MrsI as part of an anticipatory response to impending iron deprivation in the macrophage environment.
Spatially Varying Color Correction (SVCC) Matrices for Reduced Noise (2004)

Color space transformation (or color correction) needs to be performed in typical imaging devices because the spectral sensitivity functions of the sensors deviate from the ideal. Several researchers have shown that when the color channels are correlated, color correction can result in sensor noise amplification. In this paper, we describe a color correction method that significantly alleviates the problem of noise amplification. The key idea is to use spatially varying color correction (SVCC) that adapts to local image statistics. We show experimental results that illustrate the reduction of noise when color correction is performed.
One-dimensional heterogeneous model of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor with a fixed catalyst bed in the isothermal granules approximation (2013)

A one-dimensional heterogeneous model has been developed for a cat6alytic fixed-bed Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reactor in the isothermal granules approximation. The FT process has been simulated for a laboratory-scale reactor. The effects of the linear gas velocity and of the inner diameter of the reactor on the thermal stability of the process are considered. The size of the reactor is limited by the possibility of a “thermal explosion” occurring in the frontal layer of the catalyst. Raising the linear gas velocity enhances heat transfer, thereby reducing the overheating of the catalyst bed. The synthesis of solid hydrocarbons can be conducted in reactors no larger than 18 mm in diameter. According to calculations, the maximum temperature drop in a 3-, 4-, and 6-m-long reactor is 4.7, 4.2, and 3.6°C, respectively. The corresponding CO conversion is 35.0, 34.4, and 33.9%, respectively. For producing liquid hydrocarbons in a high-performance reactor, it is necessary to decrease its inner diameter to 12 mm. In this case, the maximum temperature drop at a reactor length of 3, 4, and 6 m is 9.6, 8.7, and 7.6°C, and the CO conversion is 78.0, 77.4, and 76.7%, respectively. The mathematical model devised here provides means to estimate the necessary design parameters of the reactor and the appropriate FT synthesis conditions for producing liquid or solid hydrocarbons.
Fatigue Prediction for Wireform Supports: A Mathematical Review of NVH Performance (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The use of wireform components to route and support brake cable systems is quite common. Though easy to form and economical to manufacture, there are drawbacks to using wireforms. When cyclic loading is extreme, a wireform's capability becomes limited. A common failure associated with these designs is fatigue due to vehicle vibrations. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamics associated with a wireform support under such conditions. This paper will review different mathematical design techniques that will be helpful in designing a wireform component. Comparisons will be made between theoretical calculations for fatigue, finite element analysis (FEA) results, vibration testing, directional loading, and material selection.&lt;/div&gt;
Improving prediction of surgical resectability over current staging guidelines in patients with pancreatic cancer who receive stereotactic body radiation therapy (2018)

We demonstrate the ability to improve prediction of surgical resectabiliy beyond the current staging guidelines, which highlights the value of assessing vascular involvement in a continuous manner. In addition, we show an association between radiation dose and resectability, which suggests the potential importance of radiation to allow for resection in certain populations. External data are needed for validation and to increase the robustness of the model.
Performance analysis of the Rainbow WDM optical network prototype (1996)

Rainbow is a prototype optical metropolitan area network (MAN) developed at IBM. It employs wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) on a fiber-optic, passive-star network topology, with each station equipped with a laser, which is fixed tuned to its own unique wavelength, and a Fabry-Perot filter, which is tunable across all wavelengths. This paper presents a model and analysis of the protocol used in the Rainbow prototype using the equilibrium point analysis (EPA) technique. We examine the system's throughput and how it is affected by various system parameters such as message arrival rate, message length, and timeout duration. We show that, for a given arrival rate, there is a timeout duration that will yield the optimal throughput. The analytical results are verified by simulation.
Can dynamicin vitrodigestion systems mimic the physiological reality? (2018)

During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the fate of food during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract in order to strengthen the possible effects of food on human health. Ideally, food digestion should be studied <i>in vivo</i> on humans but this is not always ethically and financially possible. Therefore simple static <i>in vitro</i> digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal tract have been proposed as alternatives to <i>in vivo</i> experiments but these models are quite basic and hardly recreate the complexity of the digestive tract. In contrast, dynamic models that allow pH regulation, flow of the food and injection in real time of digestive enzymes in the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract are more promising to accurately mimic the digestive process. Most of the systems developed so far have been compared for their performances to <i>in vivo</i> data obtained on animals and/or humans. The objective of this article is to review the validation towards <i>in vivo</i> data of some of the dynamic digestion systems currently available in order to determine what aspects of food digestion they are able to mimic. Eight dynamic digestion systems are presented as well as their validation towards <i>in vivo</i> data. Advantages and limits of each simulator is discussed. This is the result of a cooperative international effort made by some of the scientists involved in Infogest, an international network on food digestion.
Photonic crystal chips for optical communications and quantum information processing (2008)

We discuss recent our recent progress on functional photonic crystals devices and circuits for classical and quantum information processing. For classical applications, we have demonstrated a room-temperature-operated, low threshold, nanocavity laser with pulse width in the picosecond regime; and an all-optical switch controlled with 60 fJ pulses that shows switching time on the order of tens of picoseconds. For quantum information processing, we discuss the promise of quantum networks on multifunctional photonic crystals chips. We also discuss a new coherent probing technique of quantum dots coupled to photonic crystal nanocavities and demonstrate amplitude and phase nonlinearities realized with control beams at the single photon level.
Voltage controlled self‐temperature compensated crystal oscillators with NS‐GT cut quartz resonators (1996)

Abstract In this paper, voltage controlled self‐temperature compensated oscillators made with NS‐GT cut quartz resonators (VC‐S‐TCXOs in what follows) are introduced and their frequency stability (obtained by controlling input voltage to VC‐S‐TCXO) is discussed. An oscillator circuit consists of a CMOS inverter, a variable capacitor diode, resistors, and capacitors. The primary oscillator frequency of the coupled quartz resonator is first derived from the electric equivalent circuit of the oscillator. The oscillator frequency is given by a function of the coupling coefficient, which in turn is given as a function of the load capacitance C L . Since frequency stability by controlling the input voltage to VC‐S‐TCXO is dictated by the VC circuit, the VC circuit was investigated in detail in order for the circuit independent of temperature to be obtained. Using the VC circuit, the oscillator frequency was controlled by the input voltage and the temperature stability of the oscillator frequency was less than 4 × 10 −9 at a temperature range of ‐30 to 85 °C. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated experimentally that the frequency stability of the VC‐S‐TCXO directly after voltage control does not depend on the frequency temperature characteristics of the quartz resonator, time interval between the voltage control, or rate of temperature change.
Measurement of the differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive pp $\mathrm{\to W^\pm + X}$ production at $\mathrm{\sqrt s = 8 TeV}$ (2016)

The differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive pp to W + X to mu-nu + X production at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV are measured as a function of muon pseudorapidity. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 18.8 inverse-femtobarns recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. These results provide important constraints on the parton distribution functions of the proton in the range of the Bjorken scaling variable x from 10 to the minus 3 to 10 to the minus 1.
Assessment of Dual Life Stage Antiplasmodial Activity of British Seaweeds (2013)

Terrestrial plants have proven to be a prolific producer of clinically effective antimalarial drugs, but the antimalarial potential of seaweeds has been little explored. The main aim of this study was to assess the in vitro chemotherapeutical and prophylactic potential of the extracts of twenty-three seaweeds collected from the south coast of England against blood stage (BS) and liver stage (LS) Plasmodium parasites. The majority (14) of the extracts were active against BS of P. falciparum, with brown seaweeds Cystoseira tamariscifolia, C. baccata and the green seaweed Ulva lactuca being the most active (IC(50)s around 3 μg/mL). The extracts generally had high selectivity indices (>10). Eight seaweed extracts inhibited the growth of LS parasites of P. berghei without any obvious effect on the viability of the human hepatoma (Huh7) cells, and the highest potential was exerted by U. lactuca and red seaweeds Ceramium virgatum and Halopitys incurvus (IC50 values 14.9 to 28.8 μg/mL). The LS-active extracts inhibited one or more key enzymes of the malarial type-II fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS-II) pathway, a drug target specific for LS. Except for the red seaweed Halopitys incurvus, all LS-active extracts showed dual activity versus both malarial intracellular stage parasites. This is the first report of LS antiplasmodial activity and dual stage inhibitory potential of seaweeds.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Downlink Multiuser MIMO: Precoder Optimization and PHY-Layer Design (2021)

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has recently appeared as a powerful and robust multiple access and interference management strategy for downlink Multi-user (MU) multi-antenna communications. In this work, we study the precoder design problem for RSMA scheme in downlink MU systems with both perfect and imperfect Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT) and assess the role and benefits of transmitting multiple common streams. Unlike existing works which have considered single-antenna receivers (Multiple-Input Single-Output--MISO), we propose and extend the RSMA framework for multi-antenna receivers (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output--MIMO) and formulate the precoder optimization problem with the aim of maximizing the Weighted Ergodic Sum-Rate (WESR). Precoder optimization is solved using Sample Average Approximation (SAA) together with the proposed vectorization and Weighted Minimum Mean Square Error (WMMSE) based approach. Achievable sum-Degree of Freedom (DoF) of RSMA is derived for the proposed framework as an increasing function of the number of transmitted common and private streams, which is further validated by the Ergodic Sum Rate (ESR) performance using Monte Carlo simulations. Conventional MU-MIMO based on linear precoders and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) schemes are considered as baselines. Numerical results show that with imperfect CSIT, the sum-DoF and ESR performance of RSMA is superior than that of the two baselines, and is increasing with the number of transmitted common streams. Moreover, by better managing the interference, RSMA not only has significant ESR gains over baseline schemes but is more robust to CSIT inaccuracies, network loads and user deployments.
Identification of Bitterness-Masking Compounds from Cheese (2012)

Bitterness-masking compounds were identified in a natural white mold cheese. The oily fraction of the cheese was extracted and further fractionated by using silica gel column chromatography. The four fractions obtained were characterized by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fatty acid-containing fraction was found to have the highest bitterness-masking activity against quinine hydrochloride. Bitterness-masking activity was quantitated using a method based on subjective equivalents. At 0.5 mM, the fatty acid mixture, which had a composition similar to that of cheese, suppressed the bitterness of 0.008% quinine hydrochloride to be equivalent to that of 0.0049-0.0060% and 0.5 mM oleic acid to that of 0.0032-0.0038% solution. The binding potential between oleic acid and the bitter compounds was estimated by isothermal titration calorimetry. These results suggest that oleic acid masked bitterness by forming a complex with the bitter compounds.
Responses of human birch pollen allergen‐reactive T cells to chemically modified allergens (allergoids) (1998)

These results demonstrate differences in the availability of T-cell epitopes between allergoids and unmodified allergens, which are most likely due to structural changes within the allergen molecule.
Regulation of metastasis suppressor NME1 by a key metabolic cofactor coenzyme A (2021)

The metastasis suppressor protein NME1 is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional enzyme that plays an important role in suppressing the invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity of NME1 is well recognized in balancing the intracellular pools of nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates to regulate cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell motility, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and metastasis. In addition, NME1 was found to function as a protein-histidine kinase, 3'-5' exonuclease and geranyl/farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase. These diverse cellular functions are regulated at the level of expression, post-translational modifications, and regulatory interactions. The NDPK activity of NME1 has been shown to be inhibited in vitro and in vivo under oxidative stress, and the inhibitory effect mediated via redox-sensitive cysteine residues. In this study, affinity purification followed by mass spectrometric analysis revealed NME1 to be a major coenzyme A (CoA) binding protein in cultured cells and rat tissues. NME1 is also found covalently modified by CoA (CoAlation) at Cys109 in the CoAlome analysis of HEK293/Pank1β cells treated with the disulfide-stress inducer, diamide. Further analysis showed that recombinant NME1 is efficiently CoAlated in vitro and in cellular response to oxidising agents and metabolic stress. In vitro CoAlation of recombinant wild type NME1, but not the C109A mutant, results in the inhibition of its NDPK activity. Moreover, CoA also functions as a competitive inhibitor of the NME1 NDPK activity by binding non-covalently to the nucleotide binding site. Taken together, our data reveal metastasis suppressor protein NME1 as a novel binding partner of the key metabolic regulator CoA, which inhibits its nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity via non-covalent and covalent interactions.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical IngredientsVittorio Farina, Jonathan T. Reeves, Chris H. Senanayake, and Jinhua J. SongView Author Information Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 7, 2734–2793Publication Date (Web):June 7, 2006Publication History Received21 November 2005Published online7 June 2006Published inissue 1 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr040700chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr040700cresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12531Altmetric-Citations475LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Enantioselective synthesis,Redox reactions,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Smoking, Porphyromonas gingivalis and the immune response to citrullinated autoantigens before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis in a Southern European nested case–control study (2015)

Antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) occur years before RA diagnosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses its own peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), and is a proposed aetiological factor for the ACPA response. Smoking is a risk factor for both ACPA-positive RA and periodontitis. We aimed to study the relation of these factors to the risk of RA in a prospective cohort. We performed a nested case–control study by identifying pre-RA cases in four populations from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition, matched with three controls. Data on smoking and other covariates were obtained from baseline questionnaires. Antibodies to CCP2 and citrullinated peptides from α-enolase, fibrinogen, vimentin and PPAD were measured. Antibodies to arginine gingipain (RgpB) were used as a marker for P.gingivalis infection and validated in a separate cohort of healthy controls and subjects with periodontitis. We studied 103 pre-RA cases. RA development was associated with several ACPA specificities, but not with antibodies to citrullinated PPAD peptides. Antibody levels to RgpB and PPAD peptides were higher in smokers but were not associated with risk of RA or with pre-RA autoimmunity. Former but not current smoking was associated with antibodies to α-enolase (OR 4.06; 95 % CI 1.02, 16.2 versus 0.54; 0.09-3.73) and fibrinogen peptides (OR 4.24; 95 % CI 1.2-14.96 versus 0.58; 0.13-2.70), and later development of RA (OR 2.48; 95 % CI 1.27-4.84 versus 1.57; 0.85-2.93), independent of smoking intensity. Smoking remains a risk factor for RA well before the clinical onset of disease. In this cohort, P.gingivalis is not associated with pre-RA autoimmunity or risk of RA in an early phase before disease-onset. Antibodies to PPAD peptides are not an early feature of ACPA ontogeny.
Autoethnography of the application of the PBL learning method to a barista practical class by a department of food service-related professor (2023)

This study describes the subjective story of the 'me' experienced with applying the PBL learning method to students majoring in food service-related studies at university and the process of barista practical class experience through autoethnography. Through this process, as a teacher, I reflected on myself for my teaching process and presented an insight into the educational meaning and value. As a personal record of my PBL class experiences, I listed the following: exploring PBL learning methods, applying the PBL teaching model, and confirming the effectiveness of the PBL learning methods. In college courses related to food service, using the PBL teaching method can help secure the necessary expertise and enhance competency while providing suggestions for improvements as follows. First, it is necessary to present learners with scenarios of problems closely related to the industry and develop a model for the industry-academia PBL teaching method. Second, in a PBL class, an instructor should intentionally organize teams and be a facilitator to encourage collaborative learning among students. Third, it is necessary to hold PBL teaching workshops where the collaboration and creativity that characterize the PBL teaching method can be effectively applied and to support teaching and learning in the operation of PBL classes.