gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Receptor Interactions between Dopamine D2Land Neurotensin NTS1Receptors Modulate Binding Affinities of Dopaminergics (2011)

Dopaminergic systems have been described to functionally interact with the neuromodulatory peptide neurotensin. Employing fluorescence detected coimmunoprecipitation and radioligand binding experiments, we herein demonstrate that coexpression of dopamine D2L receptor and the neurotensin receptor subtype NTS1 leads to physical interaction and the formation of heteromers in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In this in vitro system, a trans-inhibitory effect on the agonist binding affinity of D2 was observed in presence of neurotensin. To correlate between the functional properties of dopaminergic agents and the magnitude of neurotensin-induced modulation of D2L binding affinities in cells coexpressing D2L and NTS1, a structurally diverse set of dopamine receptor agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists was tested. Ligand specific profiles indicating substantial bias between ligand efficacy and transmodulation were discovered, suggesting a heteromerization-based functional selectivity. In the presence of neurotensin, the novel D2 agonist FAUC 326 displayed a 34-fold decrease of binding affinity in cells coexpressing D2L and NTS1.
Trellis-Coded Quantization for End-to-End Learned Image Compression (2022)

The performance of variational auto-encoders (VAE) for image compression has steadily grown in recent years, thus becoming competitive with advanced visual data compression technologies. These neural networks transform the source image into a latent space with a channel-wise representation. In most works, the latents are scalar quantized before being entropy coded. On the other hand, vector quantizers generally achieve denser packings of high-dimensional data regardless of the source distribution. Hence, low-complexity variants of these quantizers are implemented in the compression standards JPEG 2000 and Versatile Video Coding. In this paper we demonstrate coding gains by using trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) over scalar quantization. For the optimization of the networks with regard to TCQ, we employ a specific noisy representation of the features during the training stage. For variable-rate VAEs, we obtained 7.7% average BD-rate savings on the Kodak images by using TCQ over scalar quantization. When different networks per target bitrate are optimized, we report a relative coding gain of 2.4% due to TCQ.
Structure-activity relationship studies of cocaine: replacement of the C-2 ester group by vinyl argues against hydrogen-bonding and provides an esterase-resistant, high-affinity cocaine (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-activity relationship studies of cocaine: replacement of the C-2 ester group by vinyl argues against hydrogen-bonding and provides an esterase-resistant, high-affinity cocaineAlan P. Kozikowski, Marinella Roberti, Li Xiang, John S. Bergmann, Patrick M. Callahan, Kathryn A. Cunningham, and Kenneth M. JohnsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 25, 4764–4766Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00103a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00103a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Effect of a Warning Intervention on the Ability to Overcome Intuitive Interference. (2015)

Students’ difficulties in mathematics and science may stem from interference of the task’s salient irrelevant variables. Here, we focus on a comparison of perimeters task, in which the area is the irrelevant salient variable. In congruent trials (no interference), accuracy is higher and reaction time is shorter than in incongruent trials (area variable interference). A brain-imaging study related to this task indicated that correctly answering the incongruent condition is associated with activation in prefrontal brain regions known for their executive inhibitory control. These findings suggested that intervention aimed at activating inhibitory control mechanisms could improve students’ success. In this paper, we explore the effect of an intervention that explicitly warns about the possible interference of the variable area. Eightyfour sixth graders performed the same comparison of perimeters reaction time test, with warning intervention (warning group) or without it (control group). Accuracy in the warning group was significantly higher in incongruent conditions and reaction time was significantly longer in all conditions than in the control group. The results suggest that the explicit warning activates inhibitory control mechanisms and thus helps students overcome the interference. The findings point to the possibility of improving students’ problem-solving abilities through simple and focused interventions that explicitly warn them about the trap in the task. Such research-based simple interventions appear to require only teachers’ knowledge and awareness and could complement the traditional educational technique of supporting relevant content knowledge.
Self-adjusting Data Structures for External Memory String Access (2001)

Data warehouses are increasingly storing and managing large scale&#13;\nstring data, and dealing with large volume of transactions that update&#13;\nand search string databases. Motivated by this context, we&#13;\ninitiate the study of {\\em self-adjusting} data structures for&#13;\nstring dictionary operations, that is, data structures that are&#13;\ndesigned to be efficient on an entire sequence of operations&#13;\nrather than individual string operations. Furthermore, we study&#13;\nthis problem in the external memory model where string data is too&#13;\nmassive to be stored in main memory and has to reside in disks;&#13;\neach access to a disk page fetches $B$ items, and the cost of the&#13;\noperations is the number of pages accessed.&#13;\nWe show that given $n$ strings $S_{1},\\ldots,S_{n}$ of total&#13;\nlength $\\sum_i |S_i|=N$, a sequence of $m$ string searches&#13;\n$S_{i_{1}},S_{i_{2}},\\ldots,S_{i_{m}}$ takes $&#13;\nO(\\sum_{j=1}^{m}(\\frac{|S_{i_{j}}|}{B})+\\sum&#13;\n_{i=1}^{n}(n_{i}\\log_{B}\\frac{m}{n_{i}}))$ amortized expected&#13;\nI/Os, where $n_{i}$ is the number of times $S_{i}$ is queried.&#13;\nInserting or deleting a string $S$ takes&#13;\n$O(\\frac{|S|}{B}+\\log_{B}n)$ amortized expected I/Os. This result&#13;\nis the analog of what is known as the Static Optimality&#13;\nTheorem~\\cite{Sleator-Tarjan} proved by Sleator and Tarjan in&#13;\ntheir classic splay trees paper for a dictionary of numerical&#13;\nvalues; here, it has been generalized, for the first time to&#13;\nstring data, to string operations, and to the external memory model. This&#13;\nperformance is achieved not by traditional ``splay'' operations&#13;\non search trees as in~\\cite{Sleator-Tarjan}, but by designing a&#13;\nnovel self-adjusting data structure based on the well-known skip&#13;\nlists.&#13;\nIn addition, we introduce the paradigm of using the main memory (or a&#13;\npart thereof) persistently across operations, in the manner of a&#13;\ncache, to further improve the performance of our self-adjusting&#13;\nskip list. This is quite reasonable in applications where string&#13;\noperations are large in volume.
Supplementary Figure 2 from <i>Neuropilin-1</i> Stimulates Tumor Growth by Increasing Fibronectin Fibril Assembly in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 134K, Tumor co-implantation was done on wild type mice and tumor sections were immunostained for PECAM and PDGFRbeta&lt;/p&gt;
Probing Molecular Solids with Low-Energy Ions (2013)

Ion/surface collisions in the ultralow- to low-energy (1-100-eV) window represent an excellent technique for investigation of the properties of condensed molecular solids at low temperatures. For example, this technique has revealed the unique physical and chemical processes that occur on the surface of ice, versus the liquid and vapor phases of water. Such instrument-dependent research, which is usually performed with spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, has led to new directions in studies of molecular materials. In this review, we discuss some interesting results and highlight recent developments in the area. We hope that access to the study of molecular solids with extreme surface specificity, as described here, will encourage investigators to explore new areas of research, some of which are outlined in this review.
Combining Reciprocity and CSI Feedback in MIMO Systems (2022)

Reciprocity-based time-division duplex (TDD) Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems utilize channel estimates obtained in the uplink to perform precoding in the downlink. However, this method has been criticized of breaking down, in the sense that the channel estimates are not good enough to spatially separate multiple user terminals, at low uplink reference signal signal-to-noise ratios, due to insufficient channel estimation quality. Instead, codebook-based downlink precoding has been advocated for as an alternative solution in order to bypass this problem. We analyze this problem by considering a "grid-of-beams world" with a finite number of possible downlink channel realizations. Assuming that the terminal accurately can detect the downlink channel, we show that in the case where reciprocity holds, carefully designing a mapping between the downlink channel and the uplink reference signals will perform better than both the conventional TDD Massive MIMO and frequency-division duplex (FDD) Massive MIMO approach. We derive elegant metrics for designing this mapping, and further, we propose algorithms that find good sequence mappings.
Practical and Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Alkynyl‐β‐amino Esters Through Ag‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of Silylketene Acetals and Alkynyl Imines. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fractional repetition codes with flexible repair from combinatorial\n designs (2014)

Fractional repetition (FR) codes are a class of regenerating codes for\ndistributed storage systems with an exact (table-based) repair process that is\nalso uncoded, i.e., upon failure, a node is regenerated by simply downloading\npackets from the surviving nodes. In our work, we present constructions of FR\ncodes based on Steiner systems and resolvable combinatorial designs such as\naffine geometries, Hadamard designs and mutually orthogonal Latin squares. The\nfailure resilience of our codes can be varied in a simple manner. We construct\ncodes with normalized repair bandwidth ($\\beta$) strictly larger than one;\nthese cannot be obtained trivially from codes with $\\beta = 1$. Furthermore, we\npresent the Kronecker product technique for generating new codes from existing\nones and elaborate on their properties. FR codes with locality are those where\nthe repair degree is smaller than the number of nodes contacted for\nreconstructing the stored file. For these codes we establish a tradeoff between\nthe local repair property and failure resilience and construct codes that meet\nthis tradeoff. Much of prior work only provided lower bounds on the FR code\nrate. In our work, for most of our constructions we determine the code rate for\ncertain parameter ranges.\n
Enhanced Spontaneous Emission at Third-Order Dirac Exceptional Points in Inverse-Designed Photonic Crystals (2016)

We formulate and exploit a computational inverse-design method based on topology optimization to demonstrate photonic crystal structures supporting complex spectral degeneracies. In particular, we discover photonic crystals exhibiting third-order Dirac points formed by the accidental degeneracy of monopolar, dipolar, and quadrupolar modes. We show that, under suitable conditions, these modes can coalesce and form a third-order exceptional point, leading to strong modifications in the spontaneous emission (SE) of emitters, related to the local density of states. We find that SE can be enhanced by a factor of 8 in passive structures, with larger enhancements ∼sqrt[n^{3}] possible at exceptional points of higher order n.
Reverse Micelle Assisted Dispersion of Lanthanum Manganite on Carbon Support for Oxygen Reduction Cathode (2003)

It was tried to disperse oxide finely on carbon black support through a reverse micelle (RM) method using nonylphenyl ether (surfactant), and cyclohexane (solvent). An RM dispersion containing a nanosized precursor of the oxide [RM (C)] was prepared by mixing an RM dispersion containing nitrates of constituent metals [RM (A)] with another dispersion containing RM (C) was easily destabilized with the addition of ethanol to deposit the precursor, which was converted to hexagonal oxide or orthorhombic oxide by calcination in air or respectively. Carbon black powder was mixed at various stages of these preparation procedures. Among the resulting carbon-supported oxide powders, the one for which the carbon black was suspended into RM (A) was found to give an outstanding cathodic activity: It allowed current density as high as 300 mA cm−2 at −80 mV (vs. Hg/HgO) in 8 M KOH at 60°C under air flow. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that fine dispersion of the oxide particles in the carbon matrix is the origin of such high activity. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
[3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Cyclopropyl Ketones with Alkynes Catalyzed by Nickel/Dimethylaluminum Chloride (2011)

Al aktiviert, Cl stabilisiert: In der Titelreaktion aktiviert das Organoaluminiumreagens die Carbonylgruppe des Cyclopropylketons, indem es über das Aluminiumatom an deren Sauerstoffatom koordiniert. Außerdem stabilisiert es eine Zwischenstufe der Reaktion durch Koordination von Chlorid an das Nickelzentrum. cod=1,5-Cyclooctadien, THF=Tetrahydrofuran.
Design and optimization of one-dimensional photonic crystals for thermophotovoltaic applications (2004)

We explore the optical characteristics and fundamental limitations of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) structures as means for improving the efficiency and power density of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) and microthermophotovoltaic (MTPV) devices. We analyze the optical performance of 1D PhCs with respect to photovoltaic diode efficiency and power density. Furthermore, we present an optimized dielectric stack design that exhibits a significantly wider stop band and yields better TPV system efficiency than a simple quarter-wave stack. The analysis is done for both TPV and MTPV devices by use of a unified modeling framework.
Light recycling beam steering on a DMD lidar (2018)

Spatial light modulators (SLMs) that operate in a phase modulation mode enable beam steering with higher diffraction efficiency compared to amplitude modulation mode, thus potentially be used for an efficient beam steering with no moving part. Currently, Twisted Nematic phase SLMs are widely adopted for phase modulation. However, their refresh rate is typically in the range below kilohertz. Recently, a new method for binary and spatial phase modulation using Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) was proposed by a research group in Germany. In the method, complemental self-images of DMD, corresponding to on- and off-pixels, are formed by two auxiliary optics while adding a pi phase shift between two images. The optics function as recycling of light in a coherent manner. The method enables over kilohertz refresh rate and higher diffraction efficiency in binary phase modulation mode to conventional amplitude binary modulation. As alternatives to the binary phase modulation, we propose and experimentally evaluated high-speed beam steering by DMD based on light recycling. In our experiment, with binary phase modulation mode, system output efficiency reaches 8%. It can be doubled to 16% with light recycling method. Efficiency is still low compared to the reported value of 27% without light recycling. To further increase beam efficiency, system loss was analysed.
Data from Engineered anti-CD70 antibody-drug conjugate with increased therapeutic index (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;An anti-CD70 antibody conjugated to monomethylauristatin F (MMAF) via a valine-citrulline dipeptide containing linker has been shown previously to have potent antitumor activity in renal cell cancer xenograft studies. Here, we generated a panel of humanized anti-CD70 antibody IgG variants and conjugated them to MMAF to study the effect of isotype (IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4) and Fcγ receptor binding on antibody-drug conjugate properties. All IgG variants bound CD70&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; 786-O cells with an apparent affinity of ∼1 nmol/L, and drug conjugation did not impair antigen binding. The parent anti-CD70 IgG1 bound to human FcγRI and FcγRIIIA V158 and mouse FcγRIV and this binding was &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; impaired by drug conjugation. In contrast, binding to these Fcγ receptors was greatly reduced or abolished in the variant, IgG1v1, containing the previously described mutations, E233P:L234V:L235A. All conjugates had potent cytotoxic activity against six different antigen-positive cancer cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 30 to 540 pmol/L. The IgGv1 conjugate with MMAF displayed improved antitumor activity compared with other conjugates in 786-O and UMRC3 models of renal cell cancer and in the DBTRG05-MG glioblastoma model. All conjugates were tolerated to ≥40 mg/kg in mice. Thus, the IgG1v1 MMAF conjugate has an increased therapeutic index compared with the parent IgG1 conjugate. The improved antitumor activity of the IgG1v1 auristatin conjugates may relate to increased exposure as suggested by pharmacokinetic analysis. The strategy used here for enhancing the therapeutic index of antibody-drug conjugates is independent of the antigen-binding variable domains and potentially applicable to other antibodies. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(9):2913–23]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Factors Involved in the Decision to Perform a Selective Versus Nonselective Fusion of Lenke 1B and 1C (King-Moe II) Curves in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2003)

The characteristics of the compensatory "nonstructural" lumbar curve played a significant role in the surgical decision-making process and varied substantially among members of the study group. Side-bending correction of the lumbar curve to <25 degrees (defining these as Lenke 1, nonstructural lumbar curves) was not sufficientcriteria to perform a selective fusion in some of these cases. The substantial variation in the frequency of fusing the lumbar curve (6% to 33%) confirms that controversy remains about when surgeons feel the lumbar curve can be spared in Lenke 1B and 1C curves. Site-specific analysis revealed that the radiographic features significantly associated with a selective fusion varied according to the site at which the patient was treated. The rate of selective fusion was 92% for the 1B type curves compared to 68% for the 1C curves.
Risk Differences Between Prediabetes And Diabetes According To Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes (2016)

Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in breast carcinogenesis and prediabetes and diabetes have been associated with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. However, whether BC molecular subtypes may modify these associations is less clear. We therefore investigated these associations in all cases and by BC molecular subtypes among women living in Southern Italy. Cases were 557 patients with non-metastatic incident BC and controls were 592 outpatients enrolled during the same period as cases and in the same hospital for skin-related non-malignant conditions. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were built to assess the risks of developing BC in the presence of prediabetes or diabetes. The analyses were repeated by strata of BC molecular subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+, and Triple Negative (TN). Prediabetes and diabetes were significantly associated with higher BC incidence after controlling for known risk factors (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.32-2.87 and OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.38-4.37, respectively). Similar results were seen in Luminal A and B while in the TN subtype only prediabetes was associated with BC (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.11-5.32). Among HER2+ patients, only diabetes was significantly associated with BC risk (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.24-7.47). Furthermore, when postmenopausal HER2+ was split into hormone receptor positive versus negative, the association with diabetes remained significant only in the former (OR = 5.13, 95% CI 1.53-17.22). These results suggest that prediabetes and diabetes are strongly associated with BC incidence and that these metabolic conditions may be more relevant in the presence of breast cancer molecular subtypes with positive hormone receptors. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1144-1150, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recognition And Prediction In A Network Music Performance System For {India}N Percussion (2007)

Playing music over the Internet, whether for real-time jamming, network performance or distance education, is constrained by the speed of light which introduces, over long distances, time delays unsuitable for musical applications. Current musical collaboration systems generally transmit compressed audio streams over low-latency and high-bandwidthnetworks to optimize musician synchronization. This paperproposes an alternative approach based on pattern recognition and music prediction. Trained for a particular typeof music, here the Indian tabla drum, the system calledTablaNet identifies rhythmic patterns by recognizing individual strokes played by a musician and mapping them dynamically to known musical constructs. Symbols representing these musical structures are sent over the network toa corresponding computer system. The computer at thereceiving end anticipates incoming events by analyzing previous phrases and synthesizes an estimated audio output.Although such a system may introduce variants due to prediction approximations, resulting in a slightly different musical experience at both ends, we find that it demonstratesa high level of playability with an immediacy not present inother systems, and functions well as an educational tool.