gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and Adrenergic Manifestations of Cold Stress (1994)

Ischemic cardiac morbidity is the most common cause of death in the United States in patients undergoing surgery as well as in the non-perioperative setting.(l). Coronary artery disease is ultimately the predisposing factor in patients who suffer cardiac death, but usually a triggering event disrupts the delicate balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand and leads to ischemia and infarction. Some of the factors that have been shown to induce myocardial ischemia include tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, thrombosis, and cold stress. Bainton et al. (2) described a two-fold increase in the death rate from ischemic cardiac events in the winter relative to the summer. This study was a simple epidemiologic description of the relationship between time of year, ambient outdoor temperature, and mortality. These results have been confirmed by other investigators as well.(3) Neither study, however, has determined, or even proposed a mechanism to explain the higher death rate.
Purification and characterization of the 90‐kDa heat‐shock protein from mammalian tissues (1988)

The 90‐kDa heat‐shock protein (HSP90) has been purified from mammalian tissues, mouse liver and porcine brain, with a good yield by a new method involving hydrophobic chromatography. Mouse liver HSP90 and porcine brain HSP90 were compared with mouse lymphoma HSP90 which was purified from T lymphoma cell line. L5178Y, by a modification of the previously reported method. These three‐HSP90s were indistinguishable from one another in amino acid composition, one‐dimensional peptide mapping, elution pattern of proteolytic fragments (trypsin‐ or V8‐protease‐cleaved) in reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, reactivity with the antibody against mouse T lymphoma HSP90 and the ability to bind to F‐actin. The amino acid sequences of three portions (total 47 amino acid residues) of lymphoma HSP90 were determined and they were homologous to those of the corresponding portions of Drosophila HSP83A and yeast HSP90. These results suggest that HSP90 is a highly conserved protein during evolution.
On the Global Optimality of Whittle's index policy for minimizing the\n age of information (2021)

This paper examines the average age minimization problem where only a\nfraction of the network users can transmit simultaneously over unreliable\nchannels. Finding the optimal scheduling scheme, in this case, is known to be\nchallenging. Accordingly, the Whittle's index policy was proposed in the\nliterature as a low-complexity heuristic to the problem. Although simple to\nimplement, characterizing this policy's performance is recognized to be a\nnotoriously tricky task. In the sequel, we provide a new mathematical approach\nto establish its optimality in the many-users regime for specific network\nsettings. Our novel approach is based on intricate techniques, and unlike\nprevious works in the literature, it is free of any mathematical assumptions.\nThese findings showcase that the Whittle's index policy has analytically\nprovable asymptotic optimality for the AoI minimization problem. Finally, we\nlay out numerical results that corroborate our theoretical findings and\ndemonstrate the policy's notable performance in the many-users regime.\n
The VariLift&reg; Interbody Fusion System: expandable, standalone interbody fusion (2015)

Intervertebral fusion cages have been in clinical use since the 1990s. Cages offer the benefits of bone graft containment, restored intervertebral and foraminal height, and a more repeatable, stable procedure compared to interbody fusion with graft material alone. Due to concerns regarding postoperative stability, loss of lordosis, and subsidence or migration of the implant, interbody cages are commonly used with supplemental fixation such as pedicle screw systems or anterior plates. While providing additional stability, supplemental fixation techniques increase operative time, exposure, cost, and morbidity. The VariLift(®) Interbody Fusion System (VariLift(®) system) has been developed as a standalone solution to provide the benefits of intervertebral fusion cages without the requirement of supplemental fixation. The VariLift(®) system, FDA-cleared for standalone use in both the cervical and lumbar spine, is implanted in a minimal profile and then expanded in situ to provide segmental stability, restored lordosis, and a large graft chamber. Preclinical testing and analyses have found that the VariLift(®) System is durable, and reduces stresses that may contribute to subsidence and migration of other standalone interbody cages. Fifteen years of clinical development with the VariLift(®) system have demonstrated positive clinical outcomes, continued patient maintenance of segmental stability and lordosis, and no evidence of implant migration. The purpose of this report is to describe the VariLift(®) system, including implant characteristics, principles of operation, indications for use, patient selection criteria, surgical technique, postoperative care, preclinical testing, and clinical experience. The VariLift(®) System represents an improved surgical option for a stable interbody fusion without requiring supplemental fixation.
A NOVEL METHOD TO OXYGENATE INTRAOCULAR IRRIGATION FLUIDS WITH AN IN-LINE OXYGENATOR (2007)

The in-line oxygenator is an efficient tool for oxygenating BSS and LR solution. It represents a potential efficient and convenient method to oxygenate irrigating solutions for vitreoretinal surgeries.
Effect of drying methods on molecular properties and functionalities of disulfide bond‐cleaved soy proteins (1997)

Abstract Effects of drying methods on hydrophobicity, solubility, water hydration capacity, viscosity, and adhesive strength of soy protein isolates treated with Na 2 SO 3 (disulfide bond‐cleaving agent) were investigated. Treatment with 0.1 M Na 2 SO 3 resulted in 28% decrease in disulfide linkages in soy proteins. While hydrophobicity and solubility increased, waterholding capacity of soy proteins decreased due to the treatment. Spray‐dried product had higher hydrophobicity, solubility, water hydration capacity, and viscosity compared to freeze‐dried product. Adhesive strength on wood increased due to modification; however, the drying process had no significant effect on this property. Viscosities of spray‐dried product, freeze‐dried product, and unmodified soy proteins were 2,200, 100, and 240 cP, respectively. Fluorescence spectra of spray‐dried and freezedried products indicated a partial folding of molecules around tryptophan. High‐performance liquid chromatographic elution profiles showed no significant differences in molecular sizes of unfolded molecules of spray‐dried and freeze‐dried proteins.
Inside Cover: Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Drug‐Induced Tumor Apoptosis with a Caspase‐Triggered Nanoaggregation Probe (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40/2013) (2013)

The caspase-3 activity in doxorubicin-treated tumor xenografts is studied by positron emission tomography (PET) using a novel 18F-labeled caspase-3-sensitive nanoaggregation tracer. In their Communication on page 10511 ff., J. Rao, F. T. Chin, et al. show that the enzyme-activatable tracer improves the PET imaging of apoptotic tumors by intramolecular macrocyclization and in situ aggregation of the cyclized tracer upon caspase-3 activation. (Picture: Jim Strommer and Lydia-Marie Joubert.)
Processed human amniotic fluid retains its antibacterial activity (2019)

Our data demonstrate that pAF maintains antibacterial activity via the preservation of antibacterial proteins against a broad spectrum of wound-associated pathogens.
Friction properties of polyvinylidene fluoride with added MoS2nanotubes (2013)

The MoS2 nanotubes (NTs) were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with the aim to adjust its friction properties. Thin films and thin nanocomposite coatings were prepared with different MoS2 NT concentrations. Morphology and distribution of the NTs inside the nanocomposites were studied by optical and electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy performed before and after friction tests was used to evidence partial transformation of PVDF into piezoelectric phase due to friction caused drawing. Friction tests in flat-on-flat and ball-on-disk configuration with AISI 316 stainless steel as counterpart revealed a strong reduction of coefficient of friction.
Conductive Salts of Tropylium Ions with Tetracyanoquinodimethan Anion Radical (TCNQ\ewdot) and Bisthiadiazolotetracyanoquinodimethan Anion Radical (BTDA–TCNQ\ewdot) (1988)

Abstract Tropylium ions have been found to be good cations for forming highly conductive salts of TCNQ\ewdot. Tropylium ions with different reduction potentials were prepared. The first reduction potentials which are correlated with the substituent constants σp+ control the formation of the salts. The cations with higher reduction potentials underwent a reaction with TCNQ\ewdot to give neutral TCNQ and coupling products. The molar ratios of the initially formed salts are also dependent on the reduction potentials. The simple salts are only formed when the reduction potentials are lower than −0.43 V. This fact is rationalized by the difference in the ease of electron transfer from TCNQ\ewdot to tropylium ions which is determined by the reduction potentials. Some simple salts show significantly low electrical resistivities compared with usual TCNQ\ewdot simple salts. BTDA–TCNQ\ewdot also gave conductive salts of tropylium ions, indicating that BTDA–TCNQ is useful for forming organic semiconductors.
The disordered structure of tetraferrocenyl-[3]-cumulene, (Fc)2C=C=C=C(Fc)2, by simulated annealing using synchrotron powder diffraction data (2000)

In the molecular structure of tetraferrocenyl-[3]-cumulene, (Fc) 2 C=C=C=C(Fc) 2 , four ferrocene molecules are connected via a linear bridge consisting of four carbon atoms. At room temperature, the crystal structure has space group P 2 1 / a ( Z = 1) with a = 13.104 (5), b = 6.121 (2), c = 11.194 (4) Å, β = 114.922 (1)° and V = 814.3 (8) Å 3 . A phase transition during cooling was not observed from room temperature to 75 K. From high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data, the structure of the room-temperature phase was solved by the method of simulated annealing and refined by the Rietveld method using rigid bodies and restraints. The crystal structure was found to be highly disordered with the molecules occupying two orientations with equal probability and a 50% occupancy of the carbon atoms in the cumulene bridge. The disorder could be modelled by stacking faults in ordered structures. In contrast to other compounds of this class, the ferrocenyl groups are in a syn rather than in an up–down conformation with respect to the cumulene bridge.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Perfluorinated Allylic Compounds by Radical Allylation and Their Purification over Fluorous Reverse‐Phase Silica. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vibration‐based wind turbine planetary gearbox fault diagnosis using spectral averaging (2015)

Abstract Planetary gearboxes (PGBs) are widely used in the drivetrain of wind turbines. Any PGB failure could lead to a significant breakdown or major loss of a wind turbine. Therefore, PGB fault diagnosis is very important for reducing the downtime and maintenance cost and improving the safety, reliability, and lifespan of wind turbines. The wind energy industry currently utilizes vibratory analysis as a standard method for PGB condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Among them, the vibration separation is considered as one of the well‐established vibratory analysis techniques. However, the drawbacks of the vibration separation technique as reported in the literature include the following: potential sun gear fault diagnosis limitation, multiple sensors and large data requirement, and vulnerability to external noise. This paper presents a new method using a single vibration sensor for PGB fault diagnosis using spectral averaging. It combines the techniques of enveloping, Welch's spectral averaging, and data mining‐based fault classifiers. Using the presented approach, vibration fault features for wind turbine PGB are extracted as condition indicators for fault diagnosis and condition indicators are used as inputs to fault classifiers for PGB fault diagnosis. The method is validated on a set of seeded localized faults on all gears: sun gear, planetary gear, and ring gear. The results have shown a promising PGB fault diagnosis performance with the presented method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
PRESAGE: PRivacy-preserving gEnetic testing via SoftwAre Guard Extension (2017)

The proposed PRESAGE provides an alternative solution for secure and efficient genomic data outsourcing in an untrusted cloud by using a hybrid framework that combines secure hardware and multiple crypto protocols.
A multi-user virtual machine (2003)

Recent efforts aimed at improving the scalability of the JavaTM platform have focused primarily on the safe collocation of multiple applications in the virtual machine. This is often beneficial for various performance metrics, but ultimately leads to a single-user multitasking environment. The lack of multi-user capabilities forms a barrier to the scalability of multitasking virtual machines, as it requires one per user. In this paper we demonstrate how to enhance a multitasking virtual machine with multi-user support. In particular, users can securely manipulate their private files, load their own native libraries without endangering other computations, and use all standard APIs. Auxiliary processes are needed to provide multiple operating system resource and user contexts, but no modifications are needed to the operating system itself.
18F-FNDP for PET Imaging of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (2016)

<sup>18</sup>F-FNDP can be synthesized in suitable radiochemical yield and high specific radioactivity and purity. In vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that <sup>18</sup>F-FNDP targeted sEH in murine and nonhuman primate brain specifically. <sup>18</sup>F-FNDP is a promising PET radiotracer likely to be useful for understanding the role of sEH in a variety of conditions affecting the central nervous system.
Transmitter Diversity with Phase-Division for Optical GEO Feeder Links (2019)

Optical GEO feeder links are a promising solution to overcome the bottleneck which is present in current implementations based on RF technology. However, channel impairments influencing the optical link need to be addressed to achieve a stable system. Transmitter diversity in a multiple-in / single-out configuration may be used to stabilize the optical data uplink. In this paper, we evaluate a bandwidth efficient transmitter diversity scheme, called phase-division in bit-time. After an introduction of the scheme, a system simulation will be presented. Results are given in terms of achievable BER versus Signal-To-Noise Ratio, considering the optical ground-to-satellite fading channel.
Association of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 with chronic kidney disease (2015)

Our data suggest that TNF-α and IL-6, but not CRP, are associated with the prevalence and severity of CKD, independent from established CKD risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and use of antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and lipid-lowering agents and aspirin.
Hypothalamic lipid‐laden astrocytes induce microglia migration and activation (2017)

Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is closely associated with various metabolic complications and neurodegenerative disorders. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in pathological hypothalamic inflammatory processes. Here, we demonstrate that hypothalamic astrocytes accumulate lipid droplets under saturated fatty acid-rich conditions, such as obese environment, and that the lipid-laden astrocytes increase astrogliosis markers and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1) at the transcript and/or protein level. Medium conditioned by the lipid-laden astrocytes stimulate microglial chemotactic activity and upregulate transcripts of the microglia activation marker Iba-1 and inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicate that the lipid-laden astrocytes formed in free fatty acid-rich obese condition may participate in obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation through promoting microglia migration and activation.
Participation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Receptors in Gut Inflammation and Colon Cancer (2021)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, and they play a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal health. SCFAs are also essential for modulating different processes, and they have anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects. As the inflammatory process predisposes the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis, an antitumor effect has also been associated with SCFAs. This is strongly supported by epidemiological studies showing that a diet rich in fiber is linked to a reduced risk of colon cancer and has significant clinical benefits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SCFAs may signal through the metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors free fatty acid receptor 3 [FFAR3 or G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41)], FFAR2 (GPR43), and GPR109A (also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 or HCAR2) expressed in the gut epithelium and immune cells. This review summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the SCFA-mediated suppression of inflammation and carcinogenesis in IBD and colon cancer.
26.2: Distinguished Paper : Brightness Preservation for LCD Backlight Reduction (2006)

Abstract Backlight dimming is the predominant method for power reduction in LDC displays and image processing can compensate for such dimming. We propose a low complexity approach which replaces hard clipping with smooth roll‐off. A high quality approach preserves highlight detail. Image quality is improved and power savings can be increases by more aggressive BL dimming capable with these methods.
Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of a LaAlO 3 –TiO 2 Diffusion Couple (2006)

Near‐field scanning microwave microscopy was applied to investigate the dielectric properties and microstructure in a polycrystalline LaAlO 3 –TiO 2 diffusion couple, which included three regions containing different phases and microstructures. Relatively low (La 2 Ti 4 Al 18 O 38 ), high (α‐La 2/3 TiO 3 ), and intermediate (La 4 Ti 9 O 24 ) dielectric constant phases were distinguished at the inter‐diffusion interface in optical, backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy, and scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) images. The relative ranking of dielectric constants based on SMM examination was as follows: TiO 2 &gt;α‐La 2/3 TiO 3 &gt;La 4 Ti 9 O 24 &gt;LaAlO 3 &gt;La 2 Ti 4 Al 18 O 38 . La 2/3 TiO 3 and LaAlO 3 will form solid solutions in the LaAlO 3 ‐rich region. The reaction paths leading to phase development are discussed.
Expression of Cutaneous Beta-2 Adrenoceptors Is Similar in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Pain-Free Controls (2019)

These findings do not support a major role of cutaneous β2-ARs in CRPS. However, activation of neuronal β2-ARs may contribute to thermal hyperalgesia in a subgroup of patients. Whether activation of β2-ARs on keratinocytes mediates inflammation early in the course of CRPS requires further investigation.
Coronary reoperations: indications, techniques and operative results. Retrospective study of 240 coronary reoperations. (2000)

Thanks to a better medico-surgical management, the mortality rate of coronary reoperations is steadily decreasing.
Machine Learning Theory and Practice as a Source of Insight into Universal Grammar (2007)

In this paper, we explore the possibility that machine learning approaches to naturallanguage processing (NLP) being developed in engineering-oriented computational linguistics (CL) may be able to provide specific scientific insights into the nature of human language. We argue that, in principle, machine learning (ML) results could inform basic debates about language, in one area at least, and that in practice, existing results may offer initial tentative support for this prospect. Further, results from computational learning theory can inform arguments carried on within linguistic theory as well.
Electrooptical Spectroscopy of Uniaxially Aligned Polythiophene Films in Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

Charge carriers induced in field-effect transistors based on a uniaxially aligned polythiophene polymer, poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT), are investigated by electrooptical charge modulation spectroscopy (CMS). We used a zone-casting deposition method for uniaxial alignment of the nanoribbon crystalline domains of the polymer and examined the optical anisotropy of neutral and charge induced absorptions in FETs. We find that the charge-induced optical absorptions of the polaronic carriers at the interface exhibit a similar degree of uniaxial anisotropy as the absorption spectrum of the neutral polymer bulk suggesting similar degree of polymer alignment at the interface compared with the bulk. We observe subtle differences in the spectral shape of the polaron absorption polarized along and perpendicular to the polymer chain direction. We also detect an additional charge-induced absorption peak appearing at high charge carrier concentrations, which is similar to the charge-induced absorption that is typical for chemically doped films. These observations provide important insight into the interplay between polaron transport and polymer microstructure.
Skeletal Overexpression of Noggin Results in Osteopenia and Reduced Bone Formation (2003)

Skeletal cells synthesize bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and BMP antagonists. Noggin is a glycoprotein that binds BMPs selectively and antagonizes BMP actions. Noggin expression in osteoblasts is induced by BMPs and noggin opposes the effects of BMPs on osteoblastic differentiation and function in vitro. However, its effects in vivo are not known. We investigated the direct in vivo effects of noggin on bone remodeling in transgenic mice overexpressing noggin under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. Noggin transgenics suffered long bone fractures in the first month of life. Total, vertebral, and femoral bone mineral densities were reduced by 23-29%. Static and dynamic histomorphometry of the femur revealed that noggin transgenic mice had decreased trabecular bone volume, number of trabeculae, and bone formation rate. Osteoblast surface and number of osteoblasts/trabecular area were not significantly decreased, indicating impaired osteoblastic function. Osteoclast surface and number were normal/decreased, there was no increase in bone resorption, and the tissue had the appearance of woven bone. Vertebral microcomputed tomography scanning confirmed decreased trabecular bone volume and trabecular number. In conclusion, transgenic mice overexpressing noggin in the bone microenvironment have decreased trabecular bone volume and impaired osteoblastic function, leading to osteopenia and fractures.