gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of breakdown in STT-MRAM using ramped voltage stress and all-in-one maximum likelihood fit (2018)

The MgO barrier in STT-MRAM is susceptible to breakdown, because it is only 1 nm thick and operates with large currents. Such thin oxide barriers, exhibit large variability in breakdown time, which is cumbersome to measure by means of a constant voltage stress. A ramped voltage stress (RVS) is better suited to measure the equivalent breakdown time distribution under such high variability. The breakdown voltage is then converted to an equivalent time, by approximating the stepped ramp to a linear ramp and assuming a power-law voltage acceleration. In this paper however, we find that this approximation is only valid when there are sufficient (>300) voltage steps before breakdown. In addition, we propose a more robust all-in-one maximum likelihood fitting method, that simultaneously fits all data measured at different stress conditions. Furthermore, we include different acceleration models, and with a maximum likelihood ratio test we find that the power-law best describes the voltage acceleration.
Single-dopant resonance in a single-electron transistor (2011)

Single dopants in semiconductor nanostructures have been studied in great detail recently as they are good candidates for quantum bits, provided they are coupled to a detector. Here we report the coupling of a single As donor atom to a single-electron transistor (SET) in a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor. Both capacitive and tunnel coupling are achieved, the latter resulting in a dramatic increase of the conductance through the SET, by up to one order of magnitude. The experimental results are well explained by the rate-equation theory developed in parallel with the experiment.
Impact of annealing on the current conduction and trap properties of CeO2/La2O3 metal-insulator-metal capacitors (2019)

This paper focuses on the impact of annealing on the current conduction and trap states of metal-insulator-metal capacitors with CeO2/La2O3 dielectrics. Capacitance-frequency measurements identify two main trap levels (T1 and T2), characterized by an activation energy of 0.2 and 0.3 eV, respectively, and by a time constant of 1 ms and 20 μs at room temperature. The current conduction is found to be ruled by a Poole-Frenkel effect and space charge limited current under positive and negative bias, respectively. Selective annealing of CeO2 and La2O3 layers clarifies the nature of the aforementioned traps. Although providing no change in the activation energy, an additional annealing of the CeO2 and La2O3 layer is found to significantly change the trap amplitude of T1 and T2, respectively. The corresponding change of the current conduction in the region where trap assisted mechanisms play a major role is discussed.
Holographic Recording Media: Applications (2015)

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ChemInform Abstract: Steric Control of Oxidation Selectivity in Macrocyclic Phosphine Oxide‐Dithioethers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cycloadditionsreaktionen von Organometallkomplexen, X. Nitren‐Addition an die RhC‐Bindung von C5H5Rh(CCHR)P(iPr)3. Bildung fünfgliedriger Metalla‐Heterocyclen und eines Ketenimin‐Rhodiumkomplexes (1988)

Abstract Die Komplexe C 5 H 5 Rh(CCHR)P( i Pr) 3 ( 1,3,5 ) reagieren mit Benzoylazid nahezu quantitativ zu den Metalla‐Heterocyclen ( 2, 4, 6 ). Für 6 (R = Me), nicht jedoch für 4 (R = Ph), ist die Bildung von E/Z ‐Isomeren nachweisbar; ihr Verhältnis ist solvensabhängig. Die Protonierung von 4 und 6 ‐ E/ 6 ‐ Z mit CF 3 CO 2 H in Gegenwart von NH 4 PF 6 führt unter Angriff des Protons am Ring‐Stickstoffatom zu den PF 6 ‐Salzen der Komplexkationen 7 und 8 , die ebenfalls E/Z ‐Isomere bilden. Bei der Reaktion von 3 mit Phenylazid entsteht zunächst die Z ‐Form der Ketenimin‐Verbindung C 5 H 5 Rh( C,N ‐η 2 ‐PhNCCHPh)P( i Pr) 3 ( 9 ), die in Lösung relativ rasch eine Umlagerung zu dem E ‐Isomeren (bis zu einem Verhältnis 9‐ Z :9‐ E = 1:1) eingeht.
Analysis of the molecular recognition of L-isoleucine by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. (1987)

The 400-MHz 1H-NMR spectra of L-isoleucine were measured in the presence of Escherichia coli isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS). Because of chemical exchange of L-isoleucine between the free state ang the IleRS-bound state, transferred nuclear Overhauser effect (TRNOE) was observed among proton resonances of L-isoleucine. The IleRS-bound L-isoleucine was found to take the gauche+ form about the Cα-Cβ bond and the trans form about the Cβ-Cγ1 bond. The TRNOE analysis is useful for studying the amino acid discrimination mechanism of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
Coherent optical techniques for diagonalization and inversion of circulant matrices and circulant approximations to Toeplitz matrices (1984)

A coherent optical system for performing continuous Fourier transforms can be modified to perform discrete Fourier transforms. Such a system is capable of diagonalizing circulant matrices presented at its input. The diagonal elements of the new matrix are the eigenvalues of the original matrix. A suitable modification allows the eigenvalues of many different circulant matrices to be found simultaneously. Such a technique can be used for the initial portion of a coherent optical matrix inversion system, which can find the inverses of circulant matrices. The method can also be applied to the problem of inverting Toeplitz matrices in a hybrid digital and optical system.
A phase-locked loop with a jitter of 50 fs for astronomy applications (2023)

Abstract Radio telescopes are among the applications with the highest demands on a local oscillator (LO), which is used to receive and process the signals coming from the sky. Therefore the modules providing the required LO signal have traditionally been big and complicated. To overcome this disadvantage, we implement our own integrated frequency synthesizer inside a small LO module in this article. With this synthesizer we are able to achieve a jitter of only 50 fs integrated from 10 Hz to 2.5 GHz offset at a carrier frequency of 75 GHz. This is in part achieved by a very low in-band phase noise of −111.8 dBc at 10 kHz offset. The stabilizable frequency range is 62–88 GHz. Thus achieving promising results to fulfill this very demanding task with integrated frequency synthesizers in the future.
Device fingerprinting for augmenting web authentication (2016)

Device fingerprinting is commonly used for tracking users. We explore device fingerprinting but in the specific context of use for augmenting authentication, providing a state-of-the-art view and analysis. We summarize and classify 29 available methods and their properties; define attack models relevant to augmenting passwords for user authentication; and qualitatively compare them based on stability, repeatability, resource use, client passiveness, difficulty of spoofing, and distinguishability offered.
Filter-Based Assay for Escherichia coli in Aqueous Samples Using Bacteriophage-Based Amplification (2013)

This paper describes a method to detect the presence of bacteria in aqueous samples, based on the capture of bacteria on a syringe filter, and the infection of targeted bacterial species with a bacteriophage (phage). The use of phage as a reagent provides two opportunities for signal amplification: (i) the replication of phage inside a live bacterial host and (ii) the delivery and expression of the complementing gene that turns on enzymatic activity and produces a colored or fluorescent product. Here we demonstrate a phage-based amplification scheme with an M13KE phage that delivers a small peptide motif to an F(+), α-complementing strain of Escherichia coli K12, which expresses the ω-domain of β-galactosidase (β-gal). The result of this complementation-an active form of β-gal-was detected colorimetrically, and the high level of expression of the ω-domain of β-gal in the model K12 strains allowed us to detect, on average, five colony-forming units (CFUs) of this strain in 1 L of water with an overnight culture-based assay. We also detected 50 CFUs of the model K12 strain in 1 L of water (or 10 mL of orange juice, or 10 mL of skim milk) in less than 4 h with a solution-based assay with visual readout. The solution-based assay does not require specialized equipment or access to a laboratory, and is more rapid than existing tests that are suitable for use at the point of access. This method could potentially be extended to detect many different bacteria with bacteriophages that deliver genes encoding a full-length enzyme that is not natively expressed in the target bacteria.
Handover within 3GPP LTE: Design Principles and Performance (2009)

The 3GPP LTE system has been designed to offer significantly higher data rates, higher system throughput, and lower latency for delay critical services. This improved performance has to be provided and guaranteed under various mobility conditions. Hence, handover (HO) and its performance are of high importance. This paper investigates the performance of the handover procedure within 3GPP LTE in terms of HO failure rate and the delay of the whole procedure. System level simulations within a typical urban propagation environment, with different User Equipment (UE) speeds, cell radii and traffic loads per cell have been performed. The entire layer 3 signalling exchanged via air interface is considered in the simulations. In addition, errors at the Layer 1 (LI) control channels are taken into account. Simulation results show that the handover procedure within 3GPP satisfies the goal of high performance mobility. Namely for cell radii up to 1 km and for UE speeds up to 120 km/h, the HO failure rate lies within the range of 0-2.2% even in high loaded systems. For medium and low loads even at speeds of 250 km/h, HO failure is below 1.3 %. In addition, simulation results show that the handover procedure is robust against 1.1 control channel errors.
Analysis of magnetizing trajectories for variable flux PM synchronous machines considering voltage, high speed capability, torque ripple, and time duration (2015)

This paper discusses various transient trajectories for increasing the magnetization state (MS) of variable flux permanent magnet synchronous machines (VF-PMSMs), a class of PMSM where the magnets are demagnetized and remagnetized using the drive inverter during drive cycle operation. To manipulate MS, a magnetizing current pulse can be used, which may drive a large amount of flux linkage in the machine. As a result, above low speed operation, a large voltage may be required from the inverter. This paper extends several existing methods for improved voltage properties, and proposes and experimentally evaluates a new method - a straight line stationary frame flux linkage trajectory (SLλ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sup> T) - for higher speed capability. The presented trajectories, along with existing trajectories, are organized into families and compared regarding their required voltage, high speed capability, torque ripple, and time duration.
Linkage analysis in the spinal muscular atrophy type of facioscapulohumeral disease. (1989)

Facioscapulohumeral disease is probably a heterogeneous disorder. We have ascertained and sampled two multigeneration families with the neurogenic form of this disorder, considered to be a type of spinal muscular atrophy (FSHSMA). The two families have 36 affected members. Linkage studies with 10 expressed and seven DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers failed to show significant linkage (Zmax greater than or equal to 3.00). However, two areas of probable linkage were defined on chromosomes 1p and 4q with the markers MNS (Zmax = 1.47 at theta max = 0.10) and PGM1 (Zmax = 0.94 at theta max = 0.001) respectively. We are using additional RFLPs from these and other areas of the human genome to screen these families for linkage to FSHSMA.
Studies on the biological properties of purified and recombinant human interleukin-1. (1986)

The human interleukin-1 (IL-1) family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many disease processes and also functions as mediator of the host's response to various infectious, inflammatory and immunologic challenges. Recombinant human-7 IL-1 is being used to confirm the multiple biological properties of IL-1s, but there is still considerable investigation required before the specific activities (biological units/mg protein) can be established. Many IL-1-mediated responses can be traced to well over 600 million years of evolution and hepatic acute protein syntheses are examples of IL-1 activities which pre-date the evolution of lymphocytes. IL-1 increases the concentration of metabolites of arachidonic acid, most notably PGE2, in brain, muscle, chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts, and hence plays a role in local tissue inflammation and disease processes. The cloning and expression of human IL-1 gene products has enabled clinical investigators to expand the role of IL-1 in various diseases through improved detection systems and by use of cDNA or cRNA probes. In addition, there may be a role for IL-1 as an immunomodulator and therapeutic agent in certain patients, and in normal individuals as an enhancing substance for immunization with protein antigens.
The AT&t-DARPA communicator mixed-initiative spoken dialog system. (2000)

The design and implementation of the AT&T Communicator mixed-initiative spoken dialog system is described. The Communicator project, sponsored by DARPA and launched in 1999, is a multi-year multi-site project on advanced spoken dialog systems research. The main focus of this paper is on issues related to the design of mixed-initiative systems. In addition to describing our architecture and implementation of the complex travel task, the paper reports on some preliminary evaluation results.
Breaking the cavity linewidth limit of resonant optical modulators (2012)

Microring optical modulators are being explored extensively for energy-efficient photonic communication networks in future high-performance computing systems and microprocessors, because they can significantly reduce the power consumption of optical transmitters via the resonant circulation of light. However, resonant modulators have traditionally suffered from a trade-off between their power consumption and maximum operation bit rate, which were thought to depend oppositely upon the cavity linewidth. Here, we break this linewidth limitation using a silicon microring. By controlling the rate at which light enters and exits the microring, we demonstrate modulation free of the parasitic cavity linewidth limitations at up to 40 GHz, more than 6x the cavity linewidth. The device operated at 28 Gb/s using single-ended drive signals less than 1.5 V. The results show that high-Q resonant modulators can be designed to be simultaneously low-power and high-speed, features which are mutually incompatible in typical resonant modulators studied to date.
Concurrent seismic acquisition with two identical crews using the simultaneous shooting technique (2017)

Improving seismic acquisition efficiency and reducing turnaround are important tasks for seismic contractors, particularly in the current business environment. In this abstract, we present a case study where we used two identical crews shooting different part of the same survey, and each crew used the simultaneous shooting method to enable long-offset marine acquisition. This acquisition approach allowed us to acquire efficiently long-offset data in the required time frame. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Start Time: 2:40 PM Location: 371F Presentation Type: ORAL
Sparse Data Acquisition on Emerging Memory Architectures (2018)

Emerging memory devices, such as resistive crossbars, have the capacity to store large amounts of data in a single array. Acquiring the data stored in large-capacity crossbars in a sequential fashion can become a bottleneck. We present practical methods, based on sparse sampling, to quickly acquire sparse data stored on emerging memory devices that support the basic summation kernel, reducing the acquisition time from linear to sub-linear. The experimental results show that at least an order of magnitude improvement in acquisition time can be achieved when the data are sparse. In addition, we show that the energy cost associated with our approach is competitive to that of the sequential method.
Cloning of zebrafish vsx1: Expression of a paired‐like homeobox gene during CNS development (1998)

vsx1 is a homeobox gene encoding a paired-type homeodomain and a CVC domain that was originally cloned from an adult goldfish retinal library. We previously reported the spatiotemporal expression pattern of vsx1in the adult and developing retina of zebrafish and goldfish, and we suggested that vsx1 plays a role in determining the cell fate and maintenance of retinal interneurons. Other related genes encoding a CVC domain, such as vsx2 (alx) and chx10, are expressed both within and outside the retina during development. In this study, we report the cloning of zebrafish vsx1 and its developmental expression in both retinal and nonretinal regions of the CNS in zebrafish embryos. vsx1expression was detected in a subset of hindbrain and spinal cord neurons before it was expressed in the retina. At about the same time that retinal expression began, the level of vsx1 was decreased in the spinal cord. The expression of vsx1 was progressively restricted, and eventually it was detected only in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the developing retina. The combined expression patterns of teleost vsx1 and vsx2 (alx) during early zebrafish development encompasses the expression pattern observed for murine Chx10, and indicates a partitioning of function for CVC genes in lower vertebrates. Dev. Genet. 23:128–141, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Graphene film-functionalized germanium as a chemically stable, electrically conductive, and biologically active substrate (2014)

As a microelectronics material, germanium (Ge) has attracted wide interest for semiconductor devices (like biosensors) since its usage to build the first transistor. In this study, large-area monolayer graphene film was directly in situ deposited on a Ge substrate by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The aim of this study is to explore whether a graphene overlayer on Ge can influence its surface properties. The quality and homogeneity of the graphene film were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The graphene overlayer was demonstrated to act as a protective layer for Ge to improve its corrosion resistance. Compared to bare Ge, graphene film-modified Ge can up-regulate gene expressions of osteogenic markers of mesenchymal stem cells, confirming the enhanced biological activity. Meanwhile, the graphene film also showed good antibacterial ability presumably due to the charge transfer to extract electrons from the bacterial membrane. We hope this work can provide new insights for surface modification and functionalization of Ge-based biosensors and medical devices to better meet clinical needs. The concept of utilizing graphene as a protective, conductive and bioactive layer might provide a viable alternative convenient for further usage of implantable Ge-based biomedical devices.
Structure of μ-1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane-bis{[1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane]gold(I)} bis(dicyanoaurate) (1993)

The compound [(Au{(C 6 H 11 ) 2 PCH 2 CH 2 P(C 6 H 11 ) 2 }) 2 -{μ-(C 6 H 11 ) 2 PCH 2 CH 2 P(C 6 H 11 ) 2 } 2+ [AU(CN) 2 ] 2 2- luminesces strongly (λ max =508 nm) in acetonitrile at room temperature. Both gold(I) atoms are in trigonal planar environments, bound to one chelating bis(dicyclohexyl phosphino)ethane (dcpe), and linked to one another by one bridging dcpe. The bridging unit is stretched with an Au...Au distance of 7.0501 A; clearly no Au-Au interaction is present
Structural transformation and magnetic competition inYb(Mn1−xFex)O3 (2007)

Structural and magnetic properties of the $\mathrm{Yb}({\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}1)$ system have been systematically investigated. Initial samples were prepared via a sol-gel method. A pure hexagonal phase was only obtained for samples with $x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.5$. With high-pressure annealing, a pure orthorhombic perovskite phase was achieved for all the compositions. The $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectrum for $x=0.5$ shows that only ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ ions exist in the system; there was no evidence of chemical inhomogeneities. With increasing $x$, the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}$ increases for both hexagonal and orthorhombic phases. The orthorhombic $\mathrm{Yb}({\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.5}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ shows an interesting weak ferromagnetic state in the temperature range of $239--298\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the ferromagnetism disappearing abruptly on cooling below ${T}_{t}=239\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The transition at ${T}_{t}$ appears to be a reorientation of the spin axis of a type-$G$ antiferromagnetic order from the orthorhombic $a$ axis to the $b$ axis in the (010) plane.
Distribution of Glyco-κ-Casein in Bovine Casein Micelles: A Study Using Soluble and Immobilized Proteases (1983)

Bovine casein micelles isolated from raw uncooled skim milk by ultracentrifugation at 50,000 g for 60 min were treated with chymosin and pepsin in both soluble and immobilized forms. The release of nonprotein nitrogen and sialic acid soluble in 2% and 12% trichloroacetic acid was studied. Soluble chymosin released a maximum amount of 7.56 mg nonprotein nitrogen per gram casein soluble in 2% trichloroacetic acid and 4.67 mg nonprotein nitrogen per gram casein soluble in 12% tricbloroacetic acid. The corresponding figures for immobilized chymosin were 6.46 and 4.20. Pepsin generally released higher quantities of nonprotein nitrogen from the micelle. Both glyco-K-casein and carbohydratepoor K-casein exist on the micelle surface with at least 90% of the micelle's glyco-Kcasein being on its surface. Sialic acid analysis of trichloroacetic acid filtrates corroborated the nonprotein nitrogen data.
Strain optimization through theoretical and experimental tools. (2010)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2010. Major: Chemical Engineering. Advisor: Friedrich Srienc. 1 computer file (PDF); xix, 235 pages, appendices p. 228-235.