gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling of cultured human NF1 heterozygous (NF1+/–) melanocytes reveals downregulation of a transcriptional cis‐regulatory network mediating activation of the melanocyte‐specific dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) gene (2005)

One of the major primary features of the neurocutaneous genetic disorder Neurofibromatosis type 1 are the hyperpigmentary café-au-lait macules where disregulation of melanocyte biology is supposed to play a key etiopathogenic role. To gain better insight into the possible role of the tumor suppressor gene NF1, a transcriptomic microarray analysis was performed on human NF1 heterozygous (NF1+/-) melanocytes of a Neurofibromatosis type 1 patient and NF1 wild type (NF1+/+) melanocytes of a healthy control patient, both cultured from normally pigmented skin and hyperpigmented lesional café-au-lait skin. From the magnitude of gene effects, we found that gene expression was affected most strongly by genotype and less so by lesional type. A total of 137 genes had a significant twofold or more up- (72) or downregulated (65) expression in NF1+/- melanocytes compared with NF1+/+ melanocytes. Melanocytes cultured from hyperpigmented café-au-lait skin showed 37 upregulated genes whereas only 14 were downregulated compared with normal skin melanocytes. In addition, significant genotype xlesional type interactions were observed for 465 genes. Differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in regulating cell proliferation and cell adhesion. A high number of transcription factor genes, among which a specific subset important in melanocyte lineage development, were downregulated in the cis-regulatory network governing the activation of the melanocyte-specific dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) gene. Although the results presented have been obtained with a restricted number of patients (one NF1 patient and one control) and using cDNA microarrays that may limit their interpretation, the data nevertheless addresses for the first time the effect of a heterozygous NF1 gene on the expression of the human melanocyte transcriptome and has generated several interesting candidate genes helpful in elucidating the etiopathology of café-au-lait macules in NF1 patients.
Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: Surface Passivation Quality on Large Area N Type and P Type Monocrystalline Silicon (2008)

The aim of this work is to present our progress on heterojunction solar cells, based on a low temperature route using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) ultrathin films deposited by PECVD on bulk crystalline silicon. We focus our work on both n-type and p-type monocrystalline silicon to achieve large area solar cells for industrial application. The analysis of the a-Si:H/c-Si interface quality is analyzed by the QSSPC technique that allows evaluating the passivation properties as well as qualifying the different steps. First, a new cleaning process is evaluated with respect to passivation properties, demonstrating that it is possible to obtain nearly as good passivation on textured as on polished samples with appropriate cleaning. An intrinsic layer is added to an emitter or BSF double side structure in order to show the impact of such a layer on passivation properties. Finally, full heterojunction solar cells have been characterised thanks to I-V measurements. Record Voc values up to 668 mV have been obtained on 5*5 cm² cells. Efficiencies of 16,2% and 15,8 have been obtained on P type and N type wafers, for cells of 5*5 cm² .
Cytokines as Vaccine Adjuvants (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Vaccines and Vaccine Adjuvants Cytokines and their Potential as Vaccine Adjuvants Biological Properties of Cytokines that have been Employed as Vaccine Adjuvants Cytokines as Adjuvants in Infectious Disease Vaccination Cytokines in Cancer Therapy Cytokines as Adjuvants for Cellular Tumor Vaccines Cytokines as Adjuvants for Protein- and Peptide-Based Tumor Vaccines Cytokines in DNA-Based Tumor Vaccines Cytokine Adjuvant Formulations Future Directions References
Using Trichlorosilane as a Probe To Investigate the Role of the Preadsorbed Amine in a Two-Step Amine-Promoted Reaction of Chlorosilanes on Silica (1996)

Low frequency infrared data is critical for identifying the chemisorbed species that are formed when HSiCl3 reacts with the surface of silica. That information is now used to probe an important aspect of the two-step amine-promoted room temperature reaction of chlorosilanes on silica. In the reaction of HSiCl3 with a silica whose surface contains preadsorbed NH3, it is shown that the ammonia that is liberated from the surface is consumed exclusively by the HCl that is generated as a byproduct of the surface reaction. The ammonia liberated from the surface is not “free” to react with the adsorbed HSiCl3 species. This has implications in using preadsorbed amines to control the amount and spatial distribution of a chlorosilane on the surface.
B22-P-17Evolution of the MC carbide in Nickel-base single crystal superalloy exposing at 950 °C (2015)

Nickel-base single crystal superalloy have been largly used in the turbine blade [ 1 ]. Its microstructure is consisting of the network structure y/γ' matrix and MC carbide after heat treatment for the C element containing Nickel-base single crystal superalloy [ 2 ]. The MC carbide is rich in heavy elements and serves as the site for micro-crack nucleation [ 3 ]. Therefore, it is important to study the evolution of MC carbide to help understanding of the failure mechanizem of superalloy. Figure 1 shows the TEM images of three carbides formed during exposure at 950 °C.The MC carbide was formed after heat treatment, the M 6 C and M 23 C 6 carbides precipitated after 100 h and 900 h exposure, respectively. Precipitation of the M 6 C and M 23 C 6 was accompanied by gradually disappear of the MC carbide. As the exposure time increases to 3000 h, only the M 23 C 6 carbide left. The evolution of the carbide is suggest to be that the MC carbide will degrade to M 6 C and M 23 C 6 carbides and the new formed M 6 C carbide also will degrade to M 23 C 6 carbide.
A Simple and Accurate Circuit Simulation Model for High-Voltage SiC Power MOSFETs (2014)

A complete and simple methodology to model SiC Power MOSFETs is presented in this paper. A simple and accurate model is defined in SPICE language. The core of the model is a Level 1 MOSFET, accounting for temperature dependence and voltage dependence of the gate-drain capacitance. All the values used to define these components can be easily extracted from measurements and/or datasheet. The model finds the best trade-off between simplicity and accuracy, required to perform fast and efficient simulations of power converters.
Processing‐Related Fracture Origins: III, Differential Sintering of ZrO 2 Agglomerates in Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 Composite (1983)

Large, hard ZrO 2 agglomerates remained in an Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 composite suspension after inefficient ball‐milling. The ZrO 2 agglomerates shrank away from the consolidated Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 powder matrix during sintering, producing crack‐like voids which were responsible for strength degradation.
Consensus Conference on the Neurosurgical Management of Pain (1994)

On the recommendation of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons Section on Pain, a satellite conference was organized for the 1993 annual meeting to work toward a consensus regarding the indications, expected outcomes, and potential complications of neurosurgical procedures for intractable pain. Twenty-two experts in the field attended this 2-day conference to consolidate our understanding of the role of neurosurgical procedures in pain management and to review critically the methodologies for clinical studies. With the support of the Section on Pain, this consensus development process will continue in order to refine the application and study of neurosurgical procedures for pain.
A unified approach to modeling multivariate binary data using copulas over partitions (2010)

Many seemingly disparate approaches for marginal modeling have been developed in recent years. We demonstrate that many current approaches for marginal modeling of correlated binary outcomes produce likelihoods that are equivalent to the proposed copula-based models herein. These general copula models of underlying latent threshold random variables yield likelihood based models for marginal fixed effects estimation and interpretation in the analysis of correlated binary data. Moreover, we propose a nomenclature and set of model relationships that substantially elucidates the complex area of marginalized models for binary data. A diverse collection of didactic mathematical and numerical examples are given to illustrate concepts.
Piperitenone Oxide as Toxic, Repellent, and Reproduction Retardant Toward Malarial VectorAnopheles stephensi(Diptera: Anophelinae) (2004)

Anopheles stephensi (Liston) is a well-known vector of malarial parasite in tropical countries. The developing trend of resistance in mosquitoes toward synthetic mosquitocidal agents makes their management extremely difficult. Effectiveness of essential oils with aroma therapeutic values seems to be an emerging tool to combat this vector. Piperitenone oxide isolated from essential oil of a new genotype, Mentha spicata L. variety viridis, has been evaluated for larvicidal, ovicidal, oviposition-deterrent, developmental toxicity, and repellent properties against various stages of A. stephensi. The results indicated the higher efficacy of piperitenone oxide than the crude essential oil of M. spicata variety viridis in all the bioassay experiments. The lethal response of piperitenone oxide and the oil toward fourth instar larvae showed LD50 values of 61.64 and 82.95 microg/ml, respectively. Female adults of A. stephensi exposed to the oil laid approximately 42 times less number of eggs at the dose of 60.0 microg/ml as compared with control, whereas exposure of piperitenone oxide at the same dose completely inhibited the oviposition. Furthermore, piperitenone oxide also completely inhibited egg hatching at the dose of 75.0 microg/ml in ovicidal assay. Developmental toxicity studies showed the significant developmental inhibition potential of the compound and oil. Additionally, piperitenone oxide was found to be highly toxic and repellent toward adults of A. stephensi as compared with oil.
Wavelet Moments for Cosmological Parameter Estimation (2022)

Extracting non-Gaussian information from the non-linear regime of structure formation is key to fully exploiting the rich data from upcoming cosmological surveys probing the large-scale structure of the universe. However, due to theoretical and computational complexities, this remains one of the main challenges in analyzing observational data. We present a set of summary statistics for cosmological matter fields based on 3D wavelets to tackle this challenge. These statistics are computed as the spatial average of the complex modulus of the 3D wavelet transform raised to a power $q$ and are therefore known as invariant wavelet moments. The 3D wavelets are constructed to be radially band-limited and separable on a spherical polar grid and come in three types: isotropic, oriented, and harmonic. In the Fisher forecast framework, we evaluate the performance of these summary statistics on matter fields from the Quijote suite, where they are shown to reach state-of-the-art parameter constraints on the base $Λ$CDM parameters, as well as the sum of neutrino masses. We show that we can improve constraints by a factor 5 to 10 in all parameters with respect to the power spectrum baseline.
Impacts of temperature on the leaching of organotin compounds from poly(vinyl chloride) plastics—A study conducted under simulated landfill conditions (2007)

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate whether organotin‐stabilized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) products could contribute to the pool of organotins observed in landfill leachates, and if the possible release could be related to different temperatures and landfill degradation phases. Small‐scale anaerobic reactors filled with generic household waste, a mixture of inocula, and different PVC plastics were used in the study and incubated at 20, 37, 55, and 70°C. The reactor units incubated at temperatures of 20–55°C underwent the anaerobic degradation phases that are characteristic for the aging of landfilled waste material. There were, however, differences in the duration of the phases as well as in the total biogas production among the units. Under methanogenic conditions greater losses of organotin compounds were observed as compared to acidogenic conditions. It was shown that the release of organotin stabilizers increases considerably at temperatures above the glass transition of the PVC products. A dealkylation from di‐ into monoalkyltin species was observed, as well as a possible methylation of inorganic tin. However, the main part of the organotins was adsorbed into the solid waste matrix. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:176–188, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Innenrücktitelbild: Shape‐Dependent Optoelectronic Cell Lysis (Angew. Chem. 3/2014) (2014)

Rote Blutkörperchen werden auf einer optoelektronischen Platte mit Rotlicht bestrahlt, wodurch sie einem elektrischen Feld ausgesetzt sind, das zur Lyse führt. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 861 ff. zeigen J. M. Cooper et al., dass die Form der Zellen einen großen Einfluss auf die Stärke des Feldes hat, das sie erfahren, da die Feldlinien durch die Anwesenheit der Zellen verzerrt werden. Die platten roten Blutkörperchen sind daher höheren elektrischen Potentialen ausgesetzt als die größeren, aber kugelförmigen weißen Blutkörperchen.
Calcium-Phosphate Matrix With or Without TGF-β 3 Improves Tendon-Bone Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair (2011)

The delivery of TGF-β(3) with an injectable Ca-P matrix at the supraspinatus tendon footprint has promise to improve healing after soft tissue repair.
Few-photon all-optical phase rotation in a quantum-well micropillar cavity (2021)

Photonic platforms are an excellent setting for quantum technologies because weak photon-environment coupling ensures long coherence times. The second key ingredient for quantum photonics is interactions between photons, which can be provided by optical nonlinearities in the form of cross-phase-modulation (XPM). This approach underpins many proposed applications in quantum optics and information processing, but achieving its potential requires strong single-photon-level nonlinear phase shifts and also scalable nonlinear elements. In this work we show that the required nonlinearity can be provided by exciton-polaritons in micropillars with embedded quantum wells. These combine the strong interactions of excitons with the scalability of micrometer-sized emitters. We observe XPM up to $3 \pm 1$ mrad per particle using laser beams attenuated to below single photon average intensity. With our work serving as a first stepping stone, we lay down a route for quantum information processing in polaritonic lattices.
ALDH1A1 and HLTF modulate the activity of lysosomal autophagy inhibitors in cancer cells (2017)

Lysosomal autophagy inhibitors (LAI) such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have significant activity in a subset of cancer cell lines. LAIs are being evaluated in cancer clinical trials, but genetic determinants of sensitivity to LAIs are unknown, making it difficult to predict which tumors would be most susceptible. Here we characterize differentially expressed genes in HCQ-sensitive (-S) and -resistant (-R) cancer cells. Notably, expression of canonical macroautophagy/autophagy genes was not associated with sensitivity to HCQ. Expression patterns of ALDH1A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1) and HLTF (helicase like transcription factor) identified HCQ-S (ALDH1A1<sub>high</sub> HLTF<sub>low</sub>; ALDH1A1<sub>low</sub> HLTF<sub>low</sub>) and HCQ-R (ALDH1A1<sub>low</sub> HLTF<sub>high</sub>) cells. ALDH1A1 overexpression was found to enhance LAI cell entry and cytotoxicity without directly affecting lysosome function or autophagic flux. Expression of HLTF allows repair of DNA damage caused by LAI-induced reactive oxygen species, leading to HCQ resistance. Sensitivity to HCQ is increased in cells where HLTF is silenced by promoter methylation. HLTF overexpression blunted the antitumor efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of tumor RNA sequencing data from >700 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas identified cancers including colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and gastric cancers, that were enriched for the HCQ-S or HCQ-R signature. These results provide mechanistic insights into LAI efficacy, and guidance for LAI clinical development.
LARG at chromosome 11q23 has functional characteristics of a tumor suppressor in human breast cancer (2008)

Deletion of 11q23-q24 is frequent in a diverse variety of malignancies, including breast and colorectal carcinoma, implicating the presence of a tumor suppressor gene at that chromosomal region. We show here that LARG, from 11q23, has functional characteristics of a tumor suppressor. We examined a 6-Mb region on 11q23 by high-resolution deletion mapping, utilizing both loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis and microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). LARG (also called ARHGEF12), identified from the analyzed region, was underexpressed in 34% of primary breast carcinomas and 80% of breast cancer cell lines including the MCF-7 line. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification on 30 primary breast cancers and six breast cancer cell lines showed that LARG had the highest frequency of deletion compared to the BCSC-1 and TSLC1 genes, two known candidate tumor suppressor genes from 11q. In vitro analysis of breast cancer cell lines that underexpress LARG showed that LARG could be reactivated by trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, but not by 5-Aza-2{prime}-deoxycytidine, a demethylating agent. Bisulfite sequencing and quantitative high-throughput analysis of DNA methylation confirmed the lack of CpG island methylation in LARG in breast cancer. Restoration of LARG expression in MCF-7 cells by stable transfection resulted in reduced proliferation and colony formation, suggesting that LARG has functional characteristics of a tumor suppressor gene.
PLP2: Autoregressive modeling of auditory-like 2-D spectro-temporal patterns (2004)

The temporal trajectories of the spectral energy in auditory critical bands over 250~ms segments are approximated by an all-pole model, the time-domain dual of conventional linear prediction. This quarter-second auditory spectro-temporal pattern is further smoothed by iterative alternation of spectral and temporal all-pole modeling. Just as Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP) uses an autoregressive model in the frequency domain to estimate peaks in an auditory-like short-term spectral slice, PLP$^2$ uses all-pole modeling in both time and frequency domains to estimate peaks of a two-dimensional spectro-temporal pattern, motivated by considerations of the auditory system.
Infrared photoconductivity via deep copper acceptors in silicon-doped, copper-compensated gallium arsenide photoconductive switches (1993)

Silicon-doped, copper-compensated, semi-insulated gallium arsenide of various doping parameters was studied with respect to infrared photoconductivity. This material is used as a photoconductive switch, the bistable optically controlled semiconductor switch (BOSS). One limitation was the relatively low conductivity of the device during the on-state. Typically, silicon-doped gallium arsenide is converted to semi-insulating gallium arsenide by the thermal diffusion of copper into the GaAs:Si. It is shown that variation of the diffusion parameters can improve the on-state conductivity by the enhancement of the concentration of a copper center known as Cu/sub B/. The conductivity of the device 150 ns after irradiation from a 20-ns FWHM laser pulse ( lambda =1.1 mu m) is recorded for various incident energies. This on-state conductivity saturates at a value that is predicted by the densities of the copper levels and the mobility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Utility of a PAX2, PTEN, and β-catenin Panel in the Diagnosis of Atypical Hyperplasia/Endometrioid Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Endometrial Polyps (2023)

The diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasm (AH/EIN) within endometrial polyps (EMPs) often poses a diagnostic conundrum. Our previous studies demonstrated that a panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers consisting of PAX2, PTEN, and β-catenin can be effectively utilized for the identification of AH/EIN. A total of 105 AH/EIN within EMP were analyzed using the 3-marker panel. We also evaluated these cases for the presence of morules. Benign EMP (n=90) and AH/EIN unassociated with polyp (n=111) served as controls. Aberrant expression of PAX2, PTEN, or β-catenin was observed in AH/EIN in EMP in 64.8%, 39.0%, and 61.9% of cases, respectively. At least 1 IHC marker was abnormal in 92.4% of cases. Overall, 60% of AH/EIN in EMP demonstrated abnormal results for≥2 IHC markers. The prevalence of PAX2 aberrancy was significantly lower in AH/EIN in EMP than in nonpolyp AH/EIN (64.8% vs. 81.1%, P =0.007), but higher than in benign EMP (64.8% vs. 14.4%, P <0.00001). The prevalence of β-catenin aberrancy was significantly higher in AH/EIN in EMP than in nonpolyp AH/EIN (61.9% vs. 47.7%, P =0.037). All control benign EMP demonstrated normal expression of PTEN and β-catenin. Morules were present in 38.1% of AH/EIN in EMP versus 24.3% in nonpolyp AH/EIN, and absent in benign EMP. A strong positive association was found between β-catenin and morules (Φ=0.64). Overall, 90% cases of atypical polypoid adenomyoma (n=6) and mucinous papillary proliferation (n=4) showed IHC marker aberrancy. In conclusion, the 3-marker IHC panel (PAX2, PTEN, and β-catenin) is (1) a useful tool in the diagnosis of AH/EIN in EMP; (2) PAX2 loss should be interpreted with caution and in combination with morphology and other markers.
Orthotropy Rescaling for the Fracture Problem in Anisotropic Piezoelectric Materials (2002)

To date, much of the work done on ferroelectric fracture assumes the material is elastically isotropic, yet there can be considerable polarization induced anisotropy. More sophisticated solutions of the fracture problem incorporate anisotropy through the Stroh formalism generalized to the piezoelectric material. This gives equations for the stress singularity, but the characteristic equation involves solving a sixth order polynomial. In general this must be accomplished numerically for each composition. In this work it is shown that a closed form solution can be obtained using orthotropy rescaling. This technique involves rescaling the coordinate system based on certain ratios of the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric coefficients. The result is that the governing equations can be reduced to the biharmonic equation and solutions for the isotropic material utilized to obtain solutions for the anisotropic material. This leads to closed form solutions for the stress singularity in terms of ratios of the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric coefficients. The results of the two approaches are compared and the contribution of anisotropy to the stress intensity factor discussed.
CT Scanning for Cardiac Sources of Embolism (2009)

Around one third of strokes are caused by cardiogenic sources, which include atrial thrombi, vegetations, paradoxical emboli, tumors, and atherosclerosis in the thoracic aorta. To search for sources of emboli, many patients with stroke undergo transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), but TEE is associated with rare adverse events and is semi-invasive. Many patients with stroke forgo testing for a cardiogenic source or undergo transthoracic echocardiography, which is much less sensitive …