gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EEG Headset Evaluation for Detection of Single-Trial Movement Intention for Brain-Computer Interfaces (2020)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can be used in neurorehabilitation; however, the literature about transferring the technology to rehabilitation clinics is limited. A key component of a BCI is the headset, for which several options are available. The aim of this study was to test four commercially available headsets' ability to record and classify movement intentions (movement-related cortical potentials-MRCPs). Twelve healthy participants performed 100 movements, while continuous EEG was recorded from the headsets on two different days to establish the reliability of the measures: classification accuracies of single-trials, number of rejected epochs, and signal-to-noise ratio. MRCPs could be recorded with the headsets covering the motor cortex, and they obtained the best classification accuracies (73%-77%). The reliability was moderate to good for the best headset (a gel-based headset covering the motor cortex). The results demonstrate that, among the evaluated headsets, reliable recordings of MRCPs require channels located close to the motor cortex and potentially a gel-based headset.
Cross-lingual Text Classification Using Topic-Dependent Word Probabilities (2015)

Cross-lingual text classification is a major challenge in natural language processing, since often training data is available in only one language (target language), but not available for the language of the document we want to classify (source language). Here, we propose a method that only requires a bilingual dictionary to bridge the language gap. Our proposed probabilistic model allows us to estimate translation probabilities that are conditioned on the whole source document. The assumption of our probabilistic model is that each document can be characterized by a distribution over topics that help to solve the translation ambiguity of single words. Using the derived translation probabilities, we then calculate the expected word frequency of each word type in the target language. Finally, these expected word frequencies can be used to classify the source text with any classifier that was trained using only target language documents. Our experiments confirm the usefulness of our proposed method.
Aircraft electromagnetic field estimation for wireless avionics intra-communication band using large-scale FDTD analysis — Field estimation of A320 class passenger aircraft at 4 GHz band (2017)

Electromagnetic compatibly (EMC) is required to be investigated for newly introduced on-board Wireless Avionics Intra-Communication (WAIC) systems. In this paper, the feasibility of the detailed electromagnetic field (EMF) estimation method for the Airbus A320 class passenger aircraft at 4 GHz band is discussed. Firstly, the three-dimensional analysis model based on Airbus A320-200 aircraft is developed for the EMF estimation using the large-scale finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Then, the material constants and the FDTD analysis parameters are discussed. Finally, the analyzed EMF characteristics confirm the effectiveness of the EMC investigation at WAIC band using the numerical analysis.
Treatment of Respiratory Failure during Sleep in Patients with Neuromuscular Disease (2015)

Severe nocturnal hypoxemia may occur in patients with respiratory muscle weakness caused by neuromuscular disorders. Negative pressure ventilators may be partially effective in these patients but can cause upper airway obstructive apneas. We examined the effectiveness of positive pressure ventilation through a nose mask in preventing nocturnal hypoxemia and compared it with negative pressure systems. We reasoned that nasal positive pressure would provide stability for the upper airway. Five patients with neuromuscular disorders underwent a series of all-night sleep studies under control conditions, negative pressure ventilation, and positive pressure ventilation through a comfortable nose mask. Sleep staging and respiratory variables were monitored during all studies. Daytime awake lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and arterial blood gases were also measured. The severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia that occurred under control conditions were prevented by positive pressure ventilation through a nose...
Down-regulation of protein kinase C and of an endogenous 80-kDa substrate in transformed fibroblasts. (1987)

Subconfluent cultures of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts transformed by the Ha-ras, Ki-v-ras, v-src, and v-fms oncogene proteins all possess elevated steady-state levels of diacylglycerol, the endogenous activator of protein kinase C, as compared to the nontransformed parental lines. These oncogene-transformed fibroblasts also exhibit a significantly decreased level of cellular protein kinase C activity as measured by four different criteria: phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation of an endogenous 80-kilodalton (80 kDa) substrate; phorbol ester-stimulated changes in 86Rb uptake; enzymatic assay; and [3H]phorbol ester binding. In all cases, the transformed cells demonstrated an attenuated response to phorbol ester addition and a lower phorbol ester binding capacity as compared to the parental lines. Western analysis of the endogenous 80-kDa substrate of protein kinase C revealed a significantly lower level of this protein in the transformed cells than in the untransformed controls, and this decrease could be mimicked in parental cells by long-term incubation with phorbol esters, suggesting that the level of the 80-kDa protein is regulated by the state of activation of protein kinase C. These effects do not appear to be nonspecific responses to autocrine secretions by the transformed cells. They may represent an unsuccessful attempt by the transformed cells to negatively modulate the constitutive proliferative signals generated by the oncogene products.
Fumed Silica — Rheological Additive for Adhesives, Resins, and Paints (2005)

Fumed silica, a synthetic silicon dioxide, is a powerful rheological additive for resins and paints to introduce thixotropy or even a yield point. The rheological effectiveness of fumed silica is based on its ability to form percolating networks which immobilize large volumes of liquid. By a combination of advanced rheological experiments, spectroscopic investigations, and quantum chemical calculations it could be demonstrated that the formation and stability of the silica network is strongly influenced by particle-resin interactions. The results can be used to develop comprehensive models, which explain the rheological performance of different grades of fumed silica in different resins.
Selection and characterization of RNAs replicated by Q.beta. replicase (1995)

RNAs replicated by Q beta replicase were isolated from two random sequence RNA populations (one 56 nucleotides in length, the second 83) using a replication/dilution protocol. The selected molecules were cloned and sequenced, generating data set of 54 replicatable RNAs bound with higher affinity to Q beta replicase than did the random populations from which they were selected. Deletion analyses on two of the molecules indicated that internal regions of the RNAs were responsible for the specific binding of Q beta replicase. Truncated molecules representing the minimized RNA binding sites could inhibit replication of the full-length molecules, apparently by obstructing their binding to the replicase. The binding regions of the two RNAs were dominated by extended runs of pyrimidines. Similar C/U-rich regions existed in 85% of the sequences in the data set as well as in all of the previously published replicatable sequences. Mutation of the polypyrimidine domain of one of the replicatable sequences reduced the affinity of the molecule for Q beta replicase by 10-fold and completely abolished its ability to be replicated.
Theoretical investigation of the decomposition mechanism of AlN(0001) surface under a hydrogen atmosphere (2010)

Abstract The activation energies for Al and N desorption from an AlN surface were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) to obtain a detailed understanding of the decomposition process of AlN(0001) Al and N surfaces under a hydrogen atmosphere. It was found that Al atoms on the AlN(0001) Al surface desorbed as AlH and formed AlH 3 by reacting with two H atoms on the surface just after desorption, whereas N atoms on the AlN(0001) N surface desorbed as NH 3 molecules from the surface. The desorption energy of Al on the hydrogen terminated surface was more consistent with previous experimental value than that on an ideal surface. This result suggests that the initial surface structure of the AlN(0001) surface is terminated with hydrogen. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND DIELS‐ALDER REACTIVITY OF SEVERAL NEW CHALCOGEN‐HALOGEN SUBSTITUTED BUTADIENES (1985)

Abstract 1,4‐Dichlor‐2‐butin (1) reagiert mit Sulfenyl‐halogeniden, Selenenyl‐halogeniden und Halogenen (II) zu den Addukten (III), aus denen bei der reduktiven Dehalogenierung mit Al/Hg die 2,3‐disubstituierten Butadiene (IVa) bis (IVd) und bei der Dehydrohalogenierung mit DBU die Diene (V) in hohen Ausbeuten erhalten werden.
Electrostatic combdrive-actuated micromirrors for laser-beam scanning and positioning (1998)

We describe the design and fabrication of surface-micromachined resonant microscanners that have large scan angles and fast scan speeds. These scanning micromirrors, which are hundreds of micrometers on a side, are driven by electrostatic-comb actuators and have resonant frequencies in the kilohertz range. Fabricated with two or three structural layers of polysilicon, the scanners are compact, extremely light in weight, and potentially very low in cost. Their power consumption is also minimal because the capacitive motors draw very low currents. High-precision positioning (0.01/spl deg/ dynamically and 0.038/spl deg/ statically) over a large angular range (up to 28/spl deg/ optical angle) makes the micromirrors suitable for a variety of optical applications such as laser scanners and printers, displays, holographic data storage, and fiber-optic switches. We have demonstrated microscanners of this type in bar-code readers, which are important devices with a growing number of applications in many industries.
Biofuel alternatives to ethanol: pumping the microbial well (2010)

Engineered microorganisms are currently used for the production of food products, pharmaceuticals, ethanol fuel and more. Even so, the enormous potential of this technology has yet to be fully exploited. The need for sustainable sources of transportation fuels has gener-ated a tremendous interest in technologies that enable biofuel production. Decades of work have produced a considerable knowledge-base for the physiology and pathway engineering of microbes, making microbial engineering an ideal strategy for producing biofuel. Although ethanol currently dominates the biofuel mar-ket, some of its inherent physical properties make it a less than ideal product. To highlight additional options, we review advances in microbial engineering for the production of other potential fuel molecules, using a variety of biosynthetic pathways.
Novel Sesterterpenes from Leucosceptrum canum of Nepalese Origin. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bacteremia with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales is associated with IgG antibodies reacting with CTX-M-15 and/or CTX-M-27 (2020)

This study implies that EPE bacteremia can trigger production of IgG antibodies targeting ESBL. Further investigations are required to determine the functional role of anti-ESBL antibodies against EPE bacteremia.
Low Loss Propagation in a Metal-Clad Waveguide via PT-Symmetry Breaking (2019)

We demonstrate passive PT symmetry breaking between the spatial modes within a single SOI waveguide with metal deposited directly on top. By leveraging this effect, we show low propagation loss of $ for a $100 \mu \text{m}$ long $10 \mu \text{m}$ wide waveguide partially covered with 100 nm thick metal. © 2019 The Author(s)
Improved Specific Detectivity to 107 for CMOS-MEMS Pyroelectric Detector Based on 12%-Doped Scandium Aluminum Nitride (2021)

CMOS-MEMS pyroelectric detectors based on 12%-doped ScAlN are fabricated using 8-inch MEMS wafer technology and characterized. The ScAlN pyroelectric material is deposited at a low temperature of ~200 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C. The results show D* as high as 4.3 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> (cm√Hz)/W and NEP as low as 1.26 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> W/√Hz. This is the first demonstration of a functional CMOS-MEMS pyroelectric detector using ScAlN as the pyroelectric sensing material. Compared to AlN that usually presents D* in the range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> , Sc-doped AlN brings on the promise of better performing CMOS-MEMS pyroelectric detectors that could be miniaturized, integrated with CMOS circuits and provide wider applications.
Effects of Coating Parameters of Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition on Tool Wear in Micro-Drilling of High-Frequency Printed Circuit Board (2022)

High-frequency and high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs) are made of ceramic particles and anisotropic fibres, which are difficult to machine. In most cases, severe tool wear occurs when drilling high-frequency PCBs. To protect the substrate of the drills, diamond films are typically fabricated on the drills using hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD). This study investigates the coating characteristics of drills with respect to different HFCVD processing parameters and the coating characteristics following wear from machining high-frequency PCBs. The results show that the methane concentration, processing time and temperature all have a significant effect on the grain size and coating thickness of the diamond film. The grain size of the film obviously decreases as does the methane concentration, while the coating thickness increases. By drilling high-frequency PCBs with drills with nanocrystalline and microcrystalline grain sizes, it is discovered that drills with nanocrystalline films have a longer tool life than drills with microcrystalline films. The maximum length of the flank wear of the nanocrystalline diamond-coated drill is nearly 90% less than microcrystalline diamond-coated tools. Moreover, drills with thinner films wear at a faster rate than drills with thicker films. The findings highlight the effects of HFCVD parameters for coated drills that process high-frequency PCBs, thereby contributing to the production of high quality PCBs for industry and academia.
Surface structures and adhesion characteristics of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films after modification by graft copolymerization (1996)

Surface modifications of Ar plasma-pretreated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film were carried out via near-UV light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc), Na salt of styrenesulfonic acid (NaSS) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The structure and chemical composition of each copolymer surface and interface were studied by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For each PTFE substrate with a substantial amount of grafting, the hydrophilic graft penetrated or became partially submerged beneath a thin surface layer of dense substrate chains to form a stratified microstructure. This surface microstructure was further confirmed by the water contact angle results. In all cases, the concentration of surface grafted polymer increased with the plasma pretreatment time and monomer concentration. Adhesive-free adhesion studies revealed that the AAc graft copolymerized PTFE surface adhered strongly to another similarly modified surface (homo-interface) or to a DMAA graft copolymerized surface (hetero-interface) when brought into direct contact in the presence of water and subsequently dried. The lap shear strengths for both types of interface exceeded the yield strength of the PTFE film. The development of the adhesion strength depends on the concentration of the surface graft, the microstructure of the grafted surfaces, the nature of the interfacial interaction, and the adhesion (drying) time.
A Guide to Active Antennas Based on Superconducting Quantum Arrays (2016)

We describe how to use correctly an active electrically small antenna (ESA) based on superconducting quantum array (SQA) to ensure a highly linear voltage output of the antenna. An interface to the antenna ought to realize strongly mismatched loading of the active ESA. To provide the optimal conjugation of the antenna with the load device such as a low-impedance superconductor analog-to-digital converter, several measures are formulated, including the assignment of the proper SQA design configuration and the implementation of a broadband superconducting impedance transformer in the interface waveguide line. A directional diagram of the SQA-based ESA has been obtained through a three-dimensional full-wave numerical simulation.
Dynamic vagosympathetic interaction augments heart rate response irrespective of stimulation patterns (1997)

We previously demonstrated that tonic stimulation of either the sympathetic or the vagal nervous system augmented the dynamic heart rate response to the other of the two systems. We characterized the phenomenon as bidirectional augmentation of heart rate regulation. The question remained unanswered, however, as to whether such augmentation could occur under simultaneous dynamic stimulation of the two systems. The transfer characteristics from nerve stimulation to heart rate were well described by linear systems analysis, although no attention was paid to the aphasic nature of the stimuli in relation to each R-R interval. When we stimulated the two nerves with statistically independent Gaussian white noises, gain of the transfer function increased by 63.2 +/- 47.4% relative to individual stimulation (P < 0.05). When we stimulated the two nerves with mutually reciprocal Gaussian white noises, gain of the transfer function increased by 54.9 +/- 49.1% (P < 0.05). Thus simultaneous dynamic stimulation of the sympathetic and vagal systems bidirectionally augmented heart rate regulation irrespective of the pattern of the stimulation signals.
Rapid Multiscale Computational Screening for OLED Host Materials (2019)

The design of new host materials for phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is challenging because several physical property requirements must be met simultaneously. A triplet energy ( E<sub>T</sub>) higher than that of the chosen emitting dopant, appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, good charge carrier transport, and high stability are all required. Here, computational methods were used to screen structures to find the most promising candidates for OLED hosts. The screening was carried out in three Tiers. The Tier 1 selection, based on density functional theory calculations, identified a set of eight molecular structures with E<sub>T</sub> > 2.9 eV, suitable for hosting blue phosphorescent dopants such as iridium(III)bis((4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2')picolinate. Phenanthro[9,10- d]imidazole was chosen as the starting point for the Tier 2 selection. Thirty-seven unique molecular structures were enumerated by isoelectronic nitrogen transmutation of up to two CH fragments of the phenanthrene. Three molecules, that is, imidazo[4,5- f]-phenanthrolines with nitrogens at the 1,10-, 3,8-, and 4,7-positions, were selected for Tier 3, which involved the use of molecular dynamics simulations and electron coupling calculations to predict differences in charge transport between the three materials. The three were explored experimentally through synthesis and device fabrication. The singlet, triplet, and frontier orbital energies computed using single-molecule density functional theory calculations ( Tiers 1 and 2) were consistent with the experimental values in a fluid solution, and the multiscale modeling scheme ( Tier 3) correctly predicted the poor device performance of one material. We conclude that screening host materials using only single-molecule quantum mechanical data was not sufficient to predict whether a given material would make a good OLED host with certainty; however, they can be used to screen out materials that are destined to fail due to low singlet/triplet energies or a poor match of the frontier orbital energies to the dopant or transport materials.
Simulation of scanning tunneling microscope interaction with resists (1996)

Three-dimensional electron optical simulations were used to model scanning tunneling microscope (STM) lithography in resists under field emission conditions. This work focuses on the effect of resists, as dielectric layers, between the tip and conducting substrate on the operation of the STM. Simulations were performed for resist thicknesses of 1–50 nm and tip-resist separations of 1–20 nm. For a fixed 10 nm tip-resist separation, the axial electric field at the tip decreases by a factor of 2.3 over the resist thickness range. The results show that the tip-resist separation must decrease with increasing resist thickness, to achieve the operating conditions and the energy of electrons entering the resist can be significantly less than the applied tip-substrate bias.
A 0.5-V Six-Transistor Static Random Access Memory with Ferroelectric-Gate Field Effect Transistors (2010)

A 0.5 V six-transistor static random access memory (6T-SRAM) with ferroelectric-gate field-effect-transistors (Fe-FETs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. During the read and the hold, the threshold voltage ( V TH ) of Fe-FETs automatically changes to increase the static noise margin (SNM) by 60%. During the stand-by, the V TH of the proposed SRAM cell increases to decrease the leakage current by 42%. In case of the read, the V TH of the read transistor decreases and increases the cell read current to achieve the fast read. During the write, the V TH of the SRAM cell dynamically changes and assist the cell data to flip, realizing a write assist function. The enlarged SNM realizes the V DD reduction by 0.11 V, which decreases the active power by 32%. The proposed SRAM layout is the same as the conventional 6T-SRAM and there is no area penalty.
Investigating the suboptimality and instability of pseudo-relevance feedback (2010)

Although Pseudo-Relevance Feedback (PRF) techniques improve average retrieval performance at the price of high variance, not much is known about their optimality and the reasons for their instability. In this work, we study more than 800 topics from several test collections including the TREC Robust Track and show that PRF techniques are highly suboptimal, i.e. they do not make the fullest utilization of pseudo-relevant documents and under-perform. A careful selection of expansion terms from the pseudo-relevant document with the help of an oracle can actually improve retrieval performance dramatically (by > 60%). Further, we show that instability in PRF techniques is mainly due to wrong selection of expansion terms from the pseudo-relevant documents. Our findings emphasize the need to revisit the problem of term selection to make a break through in PRF.