gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fivefold multiply twinned crystallites in CuInSe2 (1994)

The microstructure of polycrystalline CuInSe2 thin films are studied by cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy. The CuInSe2 films were deposited on a Mo coated glass substrate by three-source evaporation. The film contained fivefold multiply twinned crystallites as well as a high density of twins in {112} planes. The formation of these defects are discussed.
A method to detect cardiac arrhythmias with a webcam (2013)

We describe a novel method to detect the presence of atrial fibrillation (A-Fib) by video recording of the face of a patient. The signal processing algorithm extracts A-Fib episodes by processing time-series signals generated by video images in a remote sensing environment. The process removes the non-stationary components of the green component of the RGB signal. Beat-to-beat pulse points are detected using an adaptive threshold technique; the successive thresholds are based on variations detected in previous magnitudes of the pulse peaks. The existence of cardiac arrhythmia is determined by quantifying the variability of the peak-to-peak intervals. We report preliminary results of our on-going study on six subjects undergoing electro-cardioversion for persistent A-Fib.
Abstract 2985: DNA-damage related histone marks can distinguish the anti-tumor effects of established and novel histone deacetylase inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells (2010)

Abstract The majority of epithelial ovarian carcinomas harbor molecular alterations in DNA-damage response genes. Epithelial ovarian cancers are surprisingly sensitive to DNA-damaging platinum-based (cisplatin or carboplatin) chemotherapy, suggesting that the dependencies of ovarian cancers on impaired DNA-damage response pathways can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. Our group and others have shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are promising anti-tumor agents, particularly when combined with DNA-damaging drugs in ovarian cancer cells. In this study, H2AX phosphorylation (pH2Ax), a known histone mark of DNA damage and other histone marks related to DNA damage and repair pathways, including the newly recognized acetylated lysine K56 on histone 3 (H3K56ac) were used to distinguish the biological effects of a unique and diverse panel of clinically utilized and novel HDAC inhibitors. Ovarian cancer cell lines with diverse molecular alterations, including mutations in p53, Brca1, Akt, Ras, and overexpression of MDR1, were utilized in these screens. The HDAC inhibitors that induced the highest levels of pH2Ax produced the greatest anti-tumor effects (growth inhibition and apoptosis). Furthermore, a screen of DNA-damage response histone marks led to the selection of novel HDAC inhibitors that exerted synergistic anti-tumor effects when combined with cisplatin and other DNA-damaging drugs. Taken together, our results support a role of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer and suggest that pH2Ax is a potential surrogate biomarker of the efficacy of HDAC inhibitor combination therapy with DNA-damaging agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2985.
Ca 2+ signals in plant immunity (2022)

Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals are shaped through the concerted activity of ion channels, exchangers, and pumps in response to diverse stimuli; these signals are then decoded through the activity of Ca<sup>2+</sup> -binding sensor proteins. In plants, Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling is central to both pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, with the generation of characteristic cytoplasmic Ca<sup>2+</sup> elevations in response to potential pathogens being common to both. However, despite their importance, and a long history of scientific interest, the transport proteins that shape Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals and their integration remain poorly characterized. Here, we discuss recent work that has both shed light on and deepened the mysteries of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling in plant immunity.
PAPER Special Section on Antenna and Propagation Technologies Contributing to Diversification of Wireless Technologies Ultra-Wideband Array Antenna Utilizing Novel Scanning System with Tapped Delay Lines for Short Range Radar (2011)

SUMMARY A UWB impulse array antenna (IAA) utilizing a novel electrical scanning system with tapped delay lines is proposed and its usefulness is experimentally verified. The experimental antenna is composed of impulse generators installed in each antenna element and tapped delay lines used for creating transmitting trigger signals, which is a simple circuit configuration. It is shown that the output phase of the transmitting wave can be controlled by controlling the period of the trigger signal, and beam direction can be controlled from −30 deg to +30 deg by changing the trigger frequency from Fc − 2k Hz toFc+2 kHz. Evaluation of this antenna as a short range radar is carried out and distance resolution of 25 cm and angle resolution below 10 deg are obtained.
Polymer Diffusion in PBMA Latex Films Using a Polymerizable Benzophenone Derivative as an Energy Transfer Acceptor (2003)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements were used to monitor polymer diffusion in poly(butyl methacrylate) latex films with a polymer molar mass of Mw ≈ 125 000 (Mw/Mn = 2.5). These experiments employed the nonfluorescent acceptor chromophore NBen, which allowed faster data acquisition at lower acceptor dye concentration (0.3, 0.5 mol %) than previous experiments with anthracene (1 mol %) as the acceptor. The data were analyzed in two distinct ways. Our traditional simplified approach involved calculating fm values for the quantum efficiencies of FRET (ΦET). Apparent diffusion coefficients Dapp were calculated by making rather severe assumptions about fm. In addition, we carried out mathematical simulations of diffusion which satisfied Fick's laws in a spherical geometry. The concentration profiles of donor and acceptor were introduced into equations that describe the rate for of energy transfer, and donor decay profiles were simulated (t). By comparing simulated and experimental decay profiles as a function of sample annealing time, optimum values of the mean diffusion coefficient 〈D〉 were obtained. A comparison of the two different methods of data analysis indicates that Dapp values are larger than 〈D〉 values by a factor of 2−4 but track the “true” diffusion coefficients rather well. From the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients, we found effective activation energies for diffusion of Ea = 33.5 ± 2.5 kcal/mol from Dapp and 38 ± 5 kcal/mol from 〈D〉. These values are very similar to the value of Ea = 39 kcal/mol from Dapp obtained in earlier experiments in which anthracene served as the acceptor chromophore.
Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of 6α- and 6β-Indolylacetamidonaltrexamine Derivatives as Bitopic Mu Opioid Receptor Modulators and Elaboration of the “Message-Address Concept” To Comprehend Their Functional Conversion (2018)

Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of numerous opioid ligands have shown that introduction of a methyl or ethyl group on the tertiary amino group at position 17 of the epoxymorphinan skeleton generally results in a mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist while introduction of a cyclopropylmethyl group typically leads to an antagonist. Furthermore, it has been shown that introduction of heterocyclic ring systems at position 6 can favor antagonism. However, it was reported that 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(2'-indolyl)acetamido]morphinan (INTA), which bears a cyclopropylmethyl group at position 17 and an indole ring at position 6, acted as a MOR agonist. We herein report a SAR study on INTA with a series of its complementary derivatives to understand how introduction of an indole moiety with α or β linkage at position 6 of the epoxymorphinan skeleton may influence ligand function. Interestingly, one of INTA derivatives, compound 15 (NAN) was identified as a MOR antagonist both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular modeling studies revealed that INTA and NAN may interact with different domains of the MOR allosteric binding site. In addition, INTA may interact with W293 and N150 residues found in the orthosteric site to stabilize MOR activation conformation while NAN does not. These results suggest that INTA and NAN may be bitopic ligands and the type of allosteric interactions with the MOR influence their functional activity. These insights along with our enriched comprehension of the "message-address" concept will to benefit future ligand design.
A New Approach to Quantify Herbicide Volatility (2018)

Abstract Herbicide active ingredients, formulation type, ambient temperature, and humidity can influence volatility. A method was developed using volatility chambers to compare relative volatility of different synthetic auxin herbicide formulations in controlled environments. 2,4-D or dicamba acid vapors emanating after application were captured in air-sampling tubes at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after herbicide application. The 2,4-D or dicamba was extracted from sample tubes and quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Volatility from 2,4-D dimethylamine (DMA) was determined to be greater than that of 2,4-D choline in chambers where temperatures were held at 30 or 40 C and relative humidity (RH) was 20% or 50%. Air concentration of 2,4-D DMA was 0.399 µg m −3 at 40 C and 20% RH compared with 0.005 µg m −3 for 2,4-D choline at the same temperature and humidity at 24 h after application. Volatility from 2,4-D DMA and 2,4-D choline increased as temperature increased from 30 to 40 C. However, volatility from 2,4-D choline was lower than observed from 2,4-D DMA. Volatility from 2,4-D choline at 40 C increased from 0.00458 to 0.0263 µg m −3 and from 0.00341 to 0.025 µg m −3 when humidity increased from 20% to 50% at 72 and 96 h after treatment, respectively, whereas, volatility from 2,4-D DMA tended to be higher at 20% RH compared with 50% RH. Air concentration of dicamba diglycolamine was similar at all time points when measured at 40 C and 20% RH. By 96 h after treatment, there was a trend for lower air concentration of dicamba compared with earlier timings. This method using volatility chambers provided good repeatability with low variability across replications, experiments, and herbicides.
Ultra-Low-Power MEMS Selective Gas Sensors (2012)

This innovation is a system for gas sensing that includes an ultra-low-power MEMS (microelectromechanical system) gas sensor, combined with unique electronic circuitry and a proprietary algorithm for operating the sensor. The electronics were created from scratch, and represent a novel design capable of low-power operation of the proprietary MEMS gas sensor platform. The algorithm is used to identify a specific target gas in a gas mixture, making the sensor selective to that target gas.
Multi-faceted reactivity of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) under mechanochemical conditions: fluorination, fluorodemethylation, sulfonylation, and amidation reactions (2022)

In the search for versatile reagents compatible with mechanochemical techniques, in this work we studied the reactivity of <i>N</i>-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) by ball milling. We corroborated that, by mechanochemistry, NFSI can engage in a variety of reactions such as fluorinations, fluorodemethylations, sulfonylations, and amidations. In comparison to the protocols reported in solution, the mechanochemical reactions were accomplished in the absence of solvents, in short reaction times, and in yields comparable to or higher than their solvent-based counterparts.
Realizing Network Slices in IP/MPLS Networks (1998)

Network slicing provides the ability to partition a physical network
into multiple logical networks of varying sizes, structures, and
functions so that each slice can be dedicated to specific services or
customers. Network slices need to operate in parallel while providing
slice elasticity in terms of network resource allocation. The
Differentiated Service (Diffserv) model allows for carrying multiple
services on top of a single physical network by relying on compliant
nodes to apply specific forwarding treatment (scheduling and drop
policy) on to packets that carry the respective Diffserv code point.
This document proposes a solution based on the Diffserv model to
realize network slicing in IP/MPLS networks.
Optical phased array with on-chip phase calibration (2022)

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with phase-monitoring and phase-control capabilities are necessary for robust and accurate beamforming applications. This paper demonstrates an on-chip integrated phase calibration system where compact phase interrogator structures and readout photodiodes are implemented within the OPA architecture. This enables phase-error correction for high-fidelity beam-steering with linear complexity calibration. A 32-channel OPA with 2.5-µm pitch is fabricated in an Si-SiN photonic stack. The readout is done with silicon photon-assisted tunneling detectors (PATDs) for sub-bandgap light detection with no-process change. After the model-based calibration procedure, the beam emitted by the OPA exhibits a sidelobe suppression ratio (SLSR) of -11 dB and a beam divergence of 0.97° × 0.58° at 1.55-µm input wavelength. Wavelength-dependent calibration and tuning are also performed, allowing full 2D beam steering and arbitrary pattern generation with a low complexity algorithm.
Conformal optics for 3D visualization (1998)

A novel type of 3D visualization display is presented: a head-mounted projective display (HMPD) with a retro- reflective projection screen conforming to the environment. Application to 3D medical visualization is specifically considered. The imaging concept of the HMPD is modeled and compared to that of a conventional head-mounted display (HMD) for stereo-pair images generation. The HMPD presents several advantages compared to HMDs and other 3D visualization techniques.
Automatically Inferring the Evolution of Malicious Activity on the Internet (2018)

Internet-based services routinely contend with a range of malicious activity (e.g., spam, scans, botnets) that can potentially arise from virtually any part of the global Internet infrastructure and that can shift longitudinally over time. In this paper, we develop the first algorithmic techniques to automatically infer regions of the Internet with shifting security characteristics in an online fashion. Conceptually, our key idea is to model the malicious activity on the Internet as a decision tree over the IP address space, and identify the dynamics of the malicious activity by inferring the dynamics of the decision tree. Our evaluations on large corpuses of mail data and botnet data indicate that our algorithms are fast, can keep up with Internet-scale traffic data, and can extract changes in sources of malicious activity substantially better (a factor of 2.5) than approaches based on using predetermined levels of aggregation such as BGP-based network-aware clusters. Our case studies demonstrate our algorithm’s ability to summarize large shifts in malicious activity to a small number of IP regions (by as much as two orders of magnitude), and thus help focus limited operator resources. Using our algorithms, we find that some regions of the Internet are prone to much faster changes than others, such as a set of small and medium-sized hosting providers that are of particular interest to mail operators
Dynamische 1H‐NMR‐Untersuchungen der Iminophosphoran‐Benzoxazaphospholin‐Tautomerie (1981)

Abstract Die Synthese zahlreicher (Alkyl‐2‐hydroxyphenylimino)phosphorane wird beschrieben. Für das bei diesen Verbindungen zu beobachtende und früher diskutierte Gleichgewicht zwischen zwei tautomeren Formen A und B können durch 1 H‐NMR‐Untersuchungen die Aktivierungsparameter bestimmt werden. Die Lebensdauern von A und B liegen bei 298 K zwischen 0.1 und 10 s.
Preparation of Siloxane-modified Tetraglycidyl Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites - Its Thermal and Morphological Properties (2009)

The organic—inorganic hybrid involving hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS)-modified epoxy, filled with organo-modified flurohectorite clay of various percentages (1—5 wt%) were prepared via in situ polymerization using γ-amino propyltriethoxysilane as cross-linking agent in the presence of dibutyltindilaurate catalyst. The reactions involved during the curing process between epoxy and siloxane were confirmed by FT-IR. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis show that the glass transition temperatures of the clay-filled hybrid epoxy systems are lower than that of neat epoxy. The data obtained from the thermal studies indicated that improved thermal stability was due to the incorporation of nanoclay into siloxane-modified epoxy hybrid systems. The morphologies of the siloxane containing epoxy—clay hybrid systems show heterogeneous character, due to the partial incompatibility of HTPDMS. Scanning electron microscopy indicates the phase separation, induced by the polymerization, occurs in the HTPDMS-modified epoxy hybrids to yield spherical particles of siloxane-rich phase, which are uniformly dispersed in the continuous epoxy matrix. Microstructures of nanocomposites were ascertained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy. The formation of exfoliated structure of organoclay was confirmed from the XRD pattern and shows interlayer spacing between 3.42 and 8.50 Å. Hybrid epoxy nanocomposites containing higher percentage composition of organo-modified flurohectorite clay contents (up to 5 wt%) display more pronounced improvements in thermal properties and moisture resistance than corresponding unmodified epoxy matrices.
Spacer-defined double patterning for 20nm and beyond logic BEOL technology (2011)

Spacer-defined double patterning was investigated as a patterning option for 20/14-nm logic technology's back-end-of-line (BEOL), and compared with the double patterning options of front-end-of-line (FEOL). Negative spacer-defined double patterning was used to provide less overlay impact and variable CD control on the metal lines compared with other double patterning techniques. Block lithography as a 2nd exposure was able to maintain better tip-to-tip and tip-to-line fidelity by forming lines that behave as a additive etch block. SiO<sub>2</sub> spacer was directly deposited on resist core-mandrel via a low-temperature deposition process. Resist integrity was optimized through aerial image and mask optimization as well as resist selection processes. Design decomposition of the BEOL layout was identified as a major challenge in enabling the spacer-defined double patterning. Finally, successful integration of the patterning into the BEOL device was demonstrated.
Peltier effect in multilayered nanopillars under high density charge current (2006)

From the basic equations of thermoelectricity, we model the thermal regimes that develop in multilayered nanopillar elements experiencing continuous charge currents. The energy conservation principle was applied to all layer–layer and layer–electrode junctions. The obtained set of equations was solved to derive the temperature of each junction. The contribution of the Peltier effect is included in an effective resistance. This model gives satisfactory fits to experimental data obtained on a series of reference nanopillar elements.
Multivariate Analysis of Fecal Metabolites from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Symptoms before and after Microbiota Transfer Therapy (2020)

Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) holds significant promise for patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Prior work has demonstrated that plasma metabolite profiles of children with ASD become more similar to those of their typically developing (TD) peers following this treatment. This work measures the concentration of 669 biochemical compounds in feces of a cohort of 18 ASD and 20 TD children using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Subsequent measurements were taken from the ASD cohort over the course of 10-week Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) and 8 weeks after completion of this treatment. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis techniques were used to characterize differences in metabolites before, during, and after treatment. Using Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA), it was possible to attain multivariate metabolite models capable of achieving a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 95% after cross-validation. Observations made following MTT indicate that the fecal metabolite profiles become more like those of the TD cohort. There was an 82-88% decrease in the median difference of the ASD and TD group for the panel metabolites, and among the top fifty most discriminating individual metabolites, 96% report more comparable values following treatment. Thus, these findings are similar, although less pronounced, as those determined using plasma metabolites.
A Novel Positive Working Photosensitive Polymer For Semiconductor Surface Coating. (1997)

We developed a new positive working photosensitive polymer for semiconductor surface coating. Base resins were considered three kinds of heat-resistance polymers and we found that polybenzoxazole precursors(PBO) with photosensitizer diazonaphtoquinones and silicone modified polyamic acids added as adhesion promoters showed excellent patterning properties and film properties. Cured film of this photosensitive PBO also has not only low water absorption and low dielectric constant, but also high adhesion to substrates such as SiO2, Si3N4 and molding compounds. The evaluation results of reliability made for this photosensitive PBO on testing elements was the same as that for existing non-photosensitive polyimides; it was found that the photosensitive PBO was on a practical level.
Signal Optimization in Inhomogeneous Fields: Application of Quantum Optimal Control Theory (2009)

We demonstrate that pulses derived using Optimal Control Theory (OCT) techniques can be used to significantly enhance the robustness of the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence (CPMG) [1,2] to inhomogeneities in the static B B
Development of robot finger using ultrasonic motors driven by superimposed signal input (2014)

When developing a multi-fingered robot hand driven by ultrasonic motors (USM), complicated wiring may become one of the essential problems. This study introduces a novel driving method for multiple USMs using superimposed signal input to overcome this problem. First, we designed a robot finger driven by built-in USMs. The robot finger has four joints with three-degree-of-freedom, i.e., DIP joint is dependent to PIP joint. Second, we developed USMs which are suitable for the robot finger actuation. Finally, we developed and characterized the robot finger with the superimposed signal input.