gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency and mechanism of resistance to antibacterial action of ZM 240401, (6S)-6-fluoro-shikimic acid (1995)

Spontaneous resistance to (6S)-6-fluoro-shikimic acid arose in Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria at high frequencies, between 10(-5) and 10(-4). Two resistant variants of E. coli were tested for their susceptibilities to the diastereomeric compound, (6R)-6-fluoro-shikimate, and both of them had become resistant to this compound as well. (6S)-6-Fluoro-shikimate-resistant variants of E. coli generally failed to transport [14C]shikimate. In E. coli K-12, (6S)-6-fluoro-shikimate resistance cotransduced with his at the same frequency as shiA, a gene locus that governs shikimate transport phenotypes. We propose that the loss of susceptibility to (6S)-6-fluoro-shikimic acid in spontaneous resistant variants is due to the loss of activity of the transport system by which it enters the bacterial cytoplasm.
Membrane mimetic bolaamphiphiles and the role of the nature of lipid chains (2021)

International audience
Speech recognition using time-delay neural networks (1988)

A time-delay neural network (TDNN) approach is presented to speech recognition that is characterized by two important properties: (1) Using multilayer arrangements of simple computing units, a TDNN can represent arbitrary nonlinear classification decision surfaces that are learned automatically using error back propagation. (2) The time-delay arrangement enables the network to discover acoustic-phonetic features and the temporal relationships between them independent of position in time and, hence, not blurred by temporal shifts in the input. The TDNNs are compared with the currently most popular technique in speech recognition, hidden Markov models (HMM). Extensive performance evaluation shows that the TDNN recognizes voiced stops extracted from varying phonetic contexts at an error rate four times lower (1.5% vs 6.3%) than the best of our HMMs. To perform this task, the TDNN “invented” well-known acoustic-phonetic features (e.g., F2 rise, F2 fall, vowel onset) as useful abstractions. It also developed alternate internal representations to link different acoustic realizations to the same concept. The TDNNs trained for other phonetic classes achieve similar high levels of performance. The integration of such smaller networks into large phonetic nets and propose strategies for the design of neural network based large vocabulary speech recognition systems is discussed.
To build text summaries of high quality, nuclearity is not sufficient (1998)

Researchers in discourse have long hypothesized that the nuclei of a rhetorical structure tree provide a good summary of the text for which that tree was built. In this paper, I discuss a psychohnguistic experiment that validates this hypothesis, but that also shows that the distinction between nuclei and satelhtes is not sufficient if we want to build summaries of very high quality. I empirically compare various techniques for mapping discourse trees into partial orders that reflect the importance of the elementary textual units in texts and I discuss both their strengths and weaknesses.
Comorbidity with Depression Is Associated with Increased Length of Stay and Higher Hospitalization Charges in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

Purpose: We sought to characterize the effect of a diagnosis of depression on total charges and length of stay (LOS) for hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: The 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database contains approximately 7.8 million discharges across 1,050 hospitals in 44 states. This is a 20% sampling frame of all hospital discharges across the United States. NIS was used to determine any differences in hospitalization charges and LOS for patients with primary admissions for IBD (ICD 9 codes 555.x and 556.x); with and without a secondary diagnosis of depression (ICD 9 codes 296.2x and 296.3x). Severity adjusted weights for LOS and hospital charges were used. Chi-square test with Yates's correction was used to determine differences in patient characteristics and unpaired Student's t-tests employed to compare age, hospital LOS, and costs, using SPSS 20.0 (IBM Co. Armonk, NY). Results: There were 100,687 primary discharges for IBD in the 2009 NIS. Of these, 973 carried a comorbid diagnosis of depression. Demographic information for all patients is shown in Table 1. Overall, IBD patients with depression had higher mean total charges ($79,521, compared to $49,653 USD; p < .001) as well as longer LOS (13.89 days, compared to 7.82 days; p < .001) compared to those without depression. Stratified by primary payer, those with depression still had higher total charges and longer LOS for those with Medicare and private insurance (Table 2).Table 1: Characteristics of IBD patients with and without depressionTable 2: Total hospitalization charges and length of stay (LOS) stratified by primary payerConclusion: Comorbidity with depression is associated with higher charges and longer LOS during hospitalization for IBD. Treatment for depression may be advantageous in reducing costs.
One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering (2017)

Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, perovskite solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>PbI<sub>4</sub>/CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite junction. The 2D/3D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm<sup>2</sup> solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
Age‐related changes in brain energetics and phospholipid metabolism (2009)

Evidence suggests that mitochondria undergo functional and morphological changes with age. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of brain energy metabolism to healthy aging by assessing tissue specific differences in metabolites observable by phosphorus ((31)P) MRS. (31)P MRSI at 4 Tesla (T) was performed on 34 volunteers, aged 21-84, screened to exclude serious medical and psychiatric diagnoses. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the effects of age on phosphorus metabolite concentrations, intracellular magnesium and pH estimates in brain tissue. A significant age associated decrease in brain pH (-0.53% per decade), increase in PCr (1.1% per decade) and decrease in PME (1.7% per decade) were found in total tissue, with PCr effects localized to the gray matter. An increase in beta NTP as a function of age (1% per decade) approached significance (p = 0.052). There were no effects demonstrated with increasing age for intracellular magnesium, PDE or inorganic phosphate. This study reports the effects of healthy aging on brain chemistry in the gray matter versus white matter using (31)P MRS measures of high energy phosphates, pH and membrane metabolism. Increased PCr, increased beta NTP (reflecting ATP) and reduced pH may reflect altered energy production with healthy aging. Unlike some previous studies of aging and brain chemistry, this study examined healthy, non-demented and psychiatrically stable older adults and specifically analyzed gray-white matter differences in brain metabolism.
High-performance symmetric electrochemical capacitor based on graphene foam and nanostructured manganese oxide (2013)

We have fabricated a symmetric electrochemical capacitor with high energy and power densities based on a composite of graphene foam (GF) with ∼80 wt% of manganese oxide (MnO2) deposited by hydrothermal synthesis. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements showed the presence of nanocrystalline MnO2 on the GF, while scanning and transmission electron microscopies showed needle-like manganese oxide coated and anchored onto the surface of graphene. Electrochemical measurements of the composite electrode gave a specific capacitance of 240 Fg−1 at a current density of 0.1 Ag−1 for symmetric supercapacitors using a two-electrode configuration. A maximum energy density of 8.3 Whkg−1 was obtained, with power density of 20 kWkg−1 and no capacitance loss after 1000 cycles. GF is an excellent support for pseudo-capacitive oxide materials such as MnO2, and the composite electrode provided a high energy density due to a combination of double-layer and redox capacitance mechanisms.
Should Penicillin Allergy Testing Be Included as Part of Preoperative Testing? (2023)

94% of patients with stated penicillin allergy who consented to allergy testing proved to have negative test. Penicillin allergy testing should be considered as part of preoperative management.
The hypothesis of an increased mortality following paclitaxel coated device use in peripheral vascular interventions (and the emerging era of meta‐analysis based evidence) (2019)

The authors have nothing to disclose. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Utilization of FISH in positional cloning: an example on 13q22. (1996)

In positional cloning the initial assignment of a gene to a specific chromosomal locus is followed by physical mapping of the critical region. The construction of a high-resolution physical map still involves considerable effort. However, new high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques have facilitated this process substantially. Here we summarize a strategy that combines a spectrum of FISH techniques [metaphase, interphase, mechanically stretched chromosomes (MSCs), and fiber-FISH on free chromatin] for the construction and characterization of a high-resolution physical map for a positional cloning project. The chromosomal region 13q22, containing the locus of the variant form of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (vLINCL, CLN5) disease, serves here as an example for this process. We used metaphase FISH to exclude positionally a candidate gene, to refine the locus to 13q22, and to analyze the possible chimerism of the YACs in the region. Both metaphase and interphase FISH techniques were applied to determine the low-resolution distances between the restricting markers. FISH using MSCs confirmed the centromeric-telomeric order of the clones and facilitated the estimation of the size of the gaps between the clones. Finally, fiber-FISH was found to be the method of choice for the construction of an accurate high-resolution map of the contig established over the restricted region. Thus, FISH techniques in combination with genetic mapping data enabled the refinement of the initial 4-cM region to a high-resolution map of only 400 kb in length. Here the FISH strategy replaced the need for many laborious traditional physical mapping methods, e.g., pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Directed expression of an oncogene to Sertoli cells in transgenic mice using mullerian inhibiting substance regulatory sequences. (1992)

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a glycoprotein hormone expressed by Sertoli cells that induces the regression of Mullerian ducts during development of the male reproductive tract. Transgenic mice carrying a fusion gene composed of human MIS transcriptional regulatory sequences linked to the SV40 T-antigen gene specifically develop testicular tumors composed of a cell type histologically resembling the Sertoli cell. The lack of pathology at other sites suggests tissue-restricted expression of the transgene. A cell line derived from one of the testicular tumors has been established that continues to express markers associated with Sertoli cells, such as transferrin, sulfated glycoprotein-2, and inhibin-beta B. The cell line does not express detectable levels of inhibin-alpha, MIS, or FSH receptor. However, the cells have retained forskolin responsiveness. As adult Sertoli cells cannot be propagated in vitro, the availability of an immortal cell line displaying features characteristic of normal Sertoli cells should aid in subsequent analyses of the biology of this cell type.
REGION TRACKING ALGORITHMS ON LASER SCANNING DEVICES APPLIED TO CELL TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (2007)

In vivo and in situ confocal images are often distorted by motion artifacts and soft tissue deformations. To measure small amplitude phenomena on this type of images, we have to compensate for those artifacts. We present in this paper a region of interest (ROI) tracking algorithm specialized for confocal imaging using a scanning device. Two different algorithms are presented: one based on the motion artifacts, and one based on affine registration. One typical application of this tool is developed: the blood velocity estimation inside a capillary on a moving organ. These first results show that the method permits accurate estimations of blood cell velocities even in presence of motion artifacts
Delay fault coverage: a realistic metric and an estimation technique for distributed path delay faults (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new and realistic definition of delay fault coverage, based on the percentage of fabricated faulty chips which can be detected as faulty by a given test set. This metric takes into account the probability distribution of delay fault sizes caused by fabrication process effects, as opposed to previously defined metrics which have been based primarily on the percentage of faults tested. In addition to proposing a realistic delay fault coverage metric, we also present a computationally viable scheme for using this metric to estimate the coverage of any given test set for a class of path delay faults caused by distributed fabrication process variations. We use the results for the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits to demonstrate wide discrepancies between distributed path delay fault coverage estimates for robust test sets obtained using our realistic definition, and the ones obtained by using the traditional notion of coverage as the percentage of paths tested.
High-corrosion-resistant Al2O3 passivation-film formation by selective oxidation on austenitic stainless steel containing Al (2011)

We have developed Al2O3 passivation film having very high anticorrosion resistance on the surface of austenitic stainless steel containing 3 wt % aluminum. Al2O3 passivation film is formed by selective oxidation of aluminum in the austenitic stainless steel in the Ar and H2 ambient including a small amount of H2O at predetermined temperatures. Al2O3 film is obtained at temperatures higher than 750 °C in the Ar and H2 ambient, where the partial pressure ratio of H2 and H2O is set higher than 2×103. Al2O3 films have been confirmed to exhibit very high anticorrosion resistance for various halogen gases and various plasma ambients (Cl2, H2, and O2) with ion-bombardment energies less than 100 eV at temperatures less than 150 °C. In the case of fluorine-gas plasma, the Al2O3 film surface has been converted to AlF3 with a depth of 15 nm, where AlF3 film is thermodynamically stable, as well as Al2O3, resulting in an excellent passivation film exhibiting very high anticorrosion capability. Moreover, the Al2O3 film surface has been confirmed to exhibit no catalytic activity for various specialty gases at temperatures less than 150 °C.
Cyclin D2 Overexpression Enhances the Efficacy of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes for Myocardial Repair in a Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction (2021)

We demonstrated that enhanced potency of CCND2<sup>OE</sup>CMs promoted myocyte proliferation in both grafts and recipient tissue in a large mammal acute myocardial infarction model. These results suggest that CCND2<sup>OE</sup>CMs transplantation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the repair of infarcted hearts.
2-D non-periodic optical phased array in an InP-based platform for free space optical communication (2023)

We develop a 2-D non-periodic optical phased array for beam steering in the mid-infrared spectral region in an InGaAs-InP platform. The device consists of an MMI light-splitting tree, thermally isolated thermo-optic phase shifters, and total internal reflection mirror emitters. The device achieves X resolvable points across a steering range of ±14° in both the longitudinal and azimuthal directions.
A novel low-temperature solid-state route for nanostructured cubic garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 and its application to Li-ion battery (2016)

Garnet Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> nanoparticles with 1 mass% Al were prepared <italic>via</italic> a solid-state route at 750 °C within 3 h. A model cell sandwiched by Li and LiCoO<sub>2</sub> exhibited initial discharge capacity of 64 μA h cm<sup>−2</sup> μm<sup>−1</sup>, being 93% of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> theoretical value.
Metabolic Profiling and Compound-Class Identification Reveal Alterations in Serum Triglyceride Levels in Mice Immunized with Human Vaccine Adjuvant Alum (2019)

Alum has been widely used as an adjuvant for human vaccines; however, the impact of Alum on host metabolism remains largely unknown. Herein, we applied mass spectrometry (MS) (liquid chromatography-MS)-based metabolic and lipid profiling to monitor the effects of the Alum adjuvant on mouse serum at 6, 24, 72, and 168 h post-vaccination. We propose a new strategy termed subclass identification and annotation for metabolomics for class-wise identification of untargeted metabolomics data generated from high-resolution MS. Using this approach, we identified and validated the levels of several lipids in mouse serum that were significantly altered following Alum administration. These lipids showed a biphasic response even 168 h after vaccination. The majority of the lipids were triglycerides (TAGs), where TAGs with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) decreased at 24 h and TAGs with short-chain FAs decreased at 168 h. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the impact of human vaccine adjuvant Alum on the host metabolome, which may provide new insights into the mechanism of action of Alum.
Model-Based Deep Learning (2023)

Signal processing, communications, and control have traditionally relied on classical statistical modeling techniques. Such model-based methods utilize mathematical formulations that represent the underlying physics, prior information, and additional domain knowledge. Simple classical models are useful but sensitive to inaccuracies and may lead to poor performance when real systems display complex or dynamic behavior. On the other hand, purely data-driven approaches that are model-agnostic are becoming increasingly popular as datasets become abundant and the power of modern deep learning pipelines increases. Deep neural networks (DNNs) use generic architectures that learn to operate from data and demonstrate excellent performance, especially for supervised problems. However, DNNs typically require massive amounts of data and immense computational resources, limiting their applicability for some scenarios. In this article, we present the leading approaches for studying and designing model-based deep learning systems. These are methods that combine principled mathematical models with data-driven systems to benefit from the advantages of both approaches. Such model-based deep learning methods exploit both partial domain knowledge, via mathematical structures designed for specific problems, and learning from limited data. Among the applications detailed in our examples for model-based deep learning are compressed sensing, digital communications, and tracking in state-space models. Our aim is to facilitate the design and study of future systems at the intersection of signal processing and machine learning that incorporate the advantages of both domains.
39.3: Recent Advances in Printed Active Matrix Displays (2004)

Abstract Plastic logic has developed a print based process for active matrix display manufacture. This process has no vacuum or mask steps, is scalable, low cost, low temperature, and environmentally friendly. We report on our recent advances in developing our process for large area electronic paper. This includes scaling our process to print 9″ diagonal thin film transistor backplanes with &gt;100,000 pixels (&gt;QVGA) and printing transistors on commodity flexible plastic substrates.
SPECIFICITY OF CELLULAR MIGRATION INTO CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS IN RATS (1978)

The question has not been previously investigated as to whether host lymphocytes infiltrate vascularized organ allografts in indiscriminate fashion, or whether they are retained selectively because of specific antigenic recognition sites on their surfaces. By using a dual cardiac allograft model in LEW rats, we have examined this problem by two methods: (1) detection of preferentially accumulating cells selectively cytotoxic to allografts bearing specific transplantation antigens as compared with "third-party" allografts; and (2) examination of trafficking patterns of separate radiolabeled populations of sensitized cells adoptively transferred into double heart-grafted recipients. In the first series of experiments, using BN and BUF rats as donors, differences in specific cytotoxicity mounted by infiltrating lymphocytes harvested from the appropriate and inappropriate graft were moderately significant (P less than 0.05). Because the question of cross-reactivity betweeen BUF and BN antigen was raised, lymphocytes sensitized to BN and WF donors were differentially labeled in vitro with 3H- or 14C-thymidine. After mixture and adoptive transfer, the ratio of specific to third-party labels was measured in each graft. In this second series of experiments, significant (P less than 0.001) preferential accumulation of specifically sensitized cells were found in the appropriate vascularized organ allograft. These experiments confirm the results of other experimental models, and demonstrate that sensitized lymphocytes accumulate selectively in specific vascularized organ allografts.
Insulator-to-metal transition in ZnO by electric double layer gating (2007)

The authors report high-density carrier accumulation and a gate-induced insulator-to-metal transition in ZnO single-crystalline thin-film field effect transistors by adopting electric double layers as gate dielectrics. Hall effect measurements showed that a sheet carrier density of 4.2×1013cm−2 was achieved. The highest sheet conductance at room temperature was ∼1mS, which was sufficient to maintain the metallic state down to 10K. These results strongly suggest the versatility of electric double layer gating for various materials.