gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifiable Assurance: From IPs to Platforms (2022)

Hardware vulnerabilities are generally considered more difficult to fix than software ones because they are persistent after fabrication. Thus, it is crucial to assess the security and fix the vulnerabilities at earlier design phases, such as Register Transfer Level (RTL) and gate level. The focus of the existing security assessment techniques is mainly twofold. First, they check the security of Intellectual Property (IP) blocks separately. Second, they aim to assess the security against individual threats considering the threats are orthogonal. We argue that IP-level security assessment is not sufficient. Eventually, the IPs are placed in a platform, such as a system-on-chip (SoC), where each IP is surrounded by other IPs connected through glue logic and shared/private buses. Hence, we must develop a methodology to assess the platform-level security by considering both the IP-level security and the impact of the additional parameters introduced during platform integration. Another important factor to consider is that the threats are not always orthogonal. Improving security against one threat may affect the security against other threats. Hence, to build a secure platform, we must first answer the following questions: What additional parameters are introduced during the platform integration? How do we define and characterize the impact of these parameters on security? How do the mitigation techniques of one threat impact others? This paper aims to answer these important questions and proposes techniques for quantifiable assurance by quantitatively estimating and measuring the security of a platform at the pre-silicon stages. We also touch upon the term security optimization and present the challenges for future research directions.
La nuova "political economy" delle città e delle regioni (1998)

This paper relates with a range of works dealing with the restructuring of States and societies in Europe marked by: 1) the States' loss of control upon the economy and the breech between globalization processes and the political space of nation-State; 2) tra fragmantation of national societies and the decline of well rooted national istitutions, social groups and organizations (Church, Army, Trade Unions, social classes, public monopolies). This opens the way for investigations into changing organisation of European societies and has serious implications for the process of the differentiation of politics. The current discussion on how to reorganize the role of the state in Europe suggests to examine the relationship between social and political regulation. The subnational institutions (in particular the cities) can represent one of the new poles of regulation, a new kind of governance wich is triggered by several factors. The paper is an attempt to dela with the issue of cities and regions as levels of regulation and governance in Europe and to suggest a framework of analysis to examine the conditions under wich it may make sense. One way of dealing with the issue is to start from the analysis in terms of regulation and to look at some of the research dine by economists and sociologists to highlight the modes of regulation they have identified without pretending to be exahustive. This induces us to precise the concept of governance and redifine it in a territorial context, from the point of view of new political economy.
ChemInform Abstract: Fermi Resonance in the Overtone Spectra of the CH Chromophore in CHBr3. Part 2. Visible Spectra (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Herpes Virus Fc Receptor gE-gI Mediates Antibody Bipolar Bridging to Clear Viral Antigens from the Cell Surface (2014)

The Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein gE-gI is a transmembrane Fc receptor found on the surface of infected cells and virions that binds human immunoglobulin G (hIgG). gE-gI can also participate in antibody bipolar bridging (ABB), a process by which the antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of the IgG bind a viral antigen while the Fc binds to gE-gI. IgG Fc binds gE-gI at basic, but not acidic, pH, suggesting that IgG bound at extracellular pH by cell surface gE-gI would dissociate and be degraded in acidic endosomes/lysosomes if endocytosed. The fate of viral antigens associated with gE-gI-bound IgG had been unknown: they could remain at the cell surface or be endocytosed with IgG. Here, we developed an in vitro model system for ABB and investigated the trafficking of ABB complexes using 4-D confocal fluorescence imaging of ABB complexes with transferrin or epidermal growth factor, well-characterized intracellular trafficking markers. Our data showed that cells expressing gE-gI and the viral antigen HSV-1 gD endocytosed anti-gD IgG and gD in a gE-gI-dependent process, resulting in lysosomal localization. These results suggest that gE-gI can mediate clearance of infected cell surfaces of anti-viral host IgG and viral antigens to evade IgG-mediated responses, representing a general mechanism for viral Fc receptors in immune evasion and viral pathogenesis.
The motivation and challenges of direct writing on semiconductor wafers (2003)

For decades, catadioptric optical lithography has continuously been incrementally extended to meet the need of the semiconductor industry. The three parameters to improve resolution, wavelength, numerical aperture (NA) and k/sub 1/ reduction, are reaching their limits. The author reviews the motivations and challenges to meet present and near future demands.
Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Activity of Dicationic m-Terphenyl and 1,3-Dipyridylbenzene Derivatives (2013)

4,4″-Diamidino-m-terphenyl (1) and 36 analogues were prepared and assayed in vitro against T rypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , Trypanosoma cruzi , Plasmodium falciparum , and Leishmania amazonensis . Twenty-three compounds were highly active against T. b. rhodesiense or P. falciparum. Most noteworthy were amidines 1, 10, and 11 with IC50 of 4 nM against T. b. rhodesiense, and dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinyl analogues 4 and 9 with IC50 values of ≤ 3 nM against P. falciparum. Bis-pyridylimidamide derivative 31 was 25 times more potent than benznidazole against T. cruzi and slightly more potent than amphotericin B against L. amazonensis. Terphenyldiamidine 1 and dipyridylbenzene analogues 23 and 25 each cured 4/4 mice infected with T. b. rhodesiense STIB900 with four daily 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal doses, as well as with single doses of ≤ 10 mg/kg. Derivatives 5 and 28 (prodrugs of 1 and 25) each cured 3/4 mice with four daily 25 mg/kg oral doses.
Lipids Affect the Cryptococcus neoformans-Macrophage Interaction and Promote Nonlytic Exocytosis (2017)

Many microbes exploit host cellular lipid droplets during the host-microbe interaction, but this phenomenon has not been extensively studied for fungal pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the role of lipid droplets during the interaction of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> with macrophages in the presence and the absence of exogenous lipids, in particular, oleate. The addition of oleic acid increased the frequency of lipid droplets in both <i>C. neoformans</i> and macrophages<i>. C. neoformans</i> responded to oleic acid supplementation by faster growth inside and outside macrophages. Fungal cells were able to harvest lipids from macrophage lipid droplets. Supplementation of <i>C. neoformans</i> and macrophages with oleic acid significantly increased the rate of nonlytic exocytosis while having no effect on lytic exocytosis. The process for lipid modulation of nonlytic exocytosis was associated with actin changes in macrophages. In summary, <i>C. neoformans</i> harvests lipids from macrophages, and the <i>C. neoformans</i>-macrophage interaction is modulated by exogenous lipids, providing a new tool for studying nonlytic exocytosis.
Nonparametric Bootstrap Inference for the Targeted Highly Adaptive LASSO\n Estimator (2019)

The Highly-Adaptive-LASSO Targeted Minimum Loss Estimator (HAL-TMLE) is an\nefficient plug-in estimator of a pathwise differentiable parameter in a\nstatistical model that at minimal (and possibly only) assumes that the\nsectional variation norm of the true nuisance functional parameters (i.e., the\nrelevant part of data distribution) are finite. It relies on an initial\nestimator (HAL-MLE) of the nuisance functional parameters by minimizing the\nempirical risk over the parameter space under the constraint that the sectional\nvariation norm of the candidate functions are bounded by a constant, where this\nconstant can be selected with cross-validation. In this article, we establish\nthat the nonparametric bootstrap for the HAL-TMLE, fixing the value of the\nsectional variation norm at a value larger or equal than the cross-validation\nselector, provides a consistent method for estimating the normal limit\ndistribution of the HAL-TMLE.\n In order to optimize the finite sample coverage of the nonparametric\nbootstrap confidence intervals, we propose a selection method for this\nsectional variation norm that is based on running the nonparametric bootstrap\nfor all values of the sectional variation norm larger than the one selected by\ncross-validation, and subsequently determining a value at which the width of\nthe resulting confidence intervals reaches a plateau.\n We demonstrate our method for 1) nonparametric estimation of the average\ntreatment effect based on observing on each unit a covariate vector, binary\ntreatment, and outcome, and for 2) nonparametric estimation of the integral of\nthe square of the multivariate density of the data distribution. In addition,\nwe also present simulation results for these two examples demonstrating the\nexcellent finite sample coverage of bootstrap-based confidence intervals.\n
Chondroitin Sulfate A-Adhering Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes Express Functionally Important Antibody Epitopes Shared by Multiple Variants (2010)

Acquired protection from Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria, a major cause of maternal, fetal, and infant morbidity, is mediated by IgG specific for the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variant VAR2CSA. This protein enables adhesion of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to chondroitin sulfate A in the intervillous space. Although interclonal variation of the var2csa gene is lower than that among var genes in general, VAR2CSA-specific Abs appear to target mainly polymorphic epitopes. This has raised doubts about the feasibility of VAR2CSA-based vaccines. We used eight human monoclonal IgG Abs from affinity-matured memory B cells of P. falciparum-exposed women to study interclonal variation and functional importance of Ab epitopes among placental and peripheral parasites from East and West Africa. Most placental P. falciparum isolates were labeled by several mAbs, whereas peripheral isolates from children were essentially nonreactive. The mAb reactivity of peripheral isolates from pregnant women indicated that some were placental, whereas others had alternative sequestration foci. Most of the mAbs were comparable in their reactivity with bound infected erythrocytes (IEs) and recombinant VAR2CSA and interfered with IE and/or VAR2CSA binding to chondroitin sulfate A. Pair-wise mAb combinations were more inhibitory than single mAbs, and all of the mAbs together was the most efficient combination. Each mAb could opsonize IEs for phagocytosis, and a combination of the eight mAbs caused phagocytosis similar to that of plasma IgG-opsonized IEs. We conclude that functionally important Ab epitopes are shared by the majority of polymorphic VAR2CSA variants, which supports the feasibility of VAR2CSA-based vaccines against placental malaria.
Urinary ACE Phenotyping as a Research and Diagnostic Tool: Identification of Sex-Dependent ACE Immunoreactivity (2023)

Urinary ACE phenotyping is a promising new approach with potential clinical significance to advance precision medicine screening techniques.
Co-registered Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fluorescence Molecular Imaging for Gastrointestinal Cancer Detection (2010)

We developed a co-registered optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) system for simultaneous morphological and molecular imaging. Imaging of intestinal polyps of APCmin mouse model is presented with scattering and fluorescence parameters.
A failure analysis framework of ReRAM In-Memory Logic operations (2022)

Computation-in-Memory (CiM) with emerging non-volatile memories leads to significant performance and energy efficiency, which is a promising approach to address so-called memory wall of conventional von Neumann architectures. Redox-based Random access memory (ReRAM) is an appropriate candidate for the realization of CiM concepts in CMOS co-integrated crossbar structures. However, ReRAM devices suffer from inherent variability in fabrication and operation. In this paper, we propose a statistical failure probability framework for the reliability evaluation of ReRAM-based CiM. Based on this, a comprehensive reliability analysis is performed for logic operations in ReRAM-based Scouting and MAGIC concepts at the crossbar level. Our proposed framework shows that existing logic operation in the crossbar architecture has a high failure probability due to the variability and crossbar non-idealities. Hence, a modified crossbar design is proposed to achieve the target reliability requirements.
Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase from Bovine Anterior Pituitary Gland (1971)

Abstract Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase was purified from bovine anterior pituitary gland by pH and ammonium sulfate precipitations and chromatography on sulfoethyl-Sephadex. Maximal rates of histone phosphorylation were observed in the presence and absence of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) at pH 6.5 and 7.0, respectively. The apparent Km value for histone was 125 µg per ml in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP. The apparent Km values for ATP in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP were 1.7 and 1.3 x 10-5 m, respectively. Half-maximal stimulation by the cyclic nucleotide was observed at 2.5 x 10-8 m. Maximal activation of protein kinase activity was obtained at much higher concentrations of the other cyclic nucleotides. No significant phosphorylation of histones occurred when γ-labeled UTP, CTP, or GTP was used instead of ATP. The enzyme requires both Mg2+ and ATP-Mg2- for activity. Magnesium decreases the apparent Km of the enzyme for ATP and increases the Vmax of enzymatic activity. The two peaks of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity observed on sucrose gradients are converted to a single light peak in the presence of cyclic AMP.
Support vector machines and machine learning on documents (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbometalation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An adaptive algorithm for real-time electrode calibration (2011)

Continuous brain monitoring based on EEG recorded from surface electrodes is believed to have potentials in wearable medical devices. In such devices capacitive electrodes are attractive compared to conventional electrodes because there is no need for skin preparation and conductive gels, and because of diminished motion artifacts. However, there are technical challenges connected to the practical application of capacitive electrodes. The electrode capacitance, which has significant impact on the signal measured, will vary between channels and will be time varying. Therefore calibration of the electrode array is an important preprocessing step before the signal processing. This paper proposes an algorithm for blindly estimating the parameters of the analog signal acquisition paths, including the capacitances of the electrodes. The algorithm continuously estimates the parameters, based on the measured EEG signals, and compensates for variations in the analog signal paths. Simulations show that the algorithm can estimate the parameters, and track changes of the electrodes capacitance in real-time.
Frontispiz: Finding the Most Catalytically Active Platinum Clusters With Low Atomicity (2015)

Clusterverbindungen Wegen der unterschiedlichen elektronischen und geometrischen Konfiguration beeinflusst die Zahl der Atome in einem subnanometergroßen Platincluster dessen katalytische Aktivität erheblich. In der Zuschrift auf S. 9948 ff. zeigen K. Yamamoto et al., dass Pt19 für die Sauerstoffreduktion der aktivste Katalysator ist.
Charge selective contacts, mobile ions and anomalous hysteresis in organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (2015)

“Compact layer-free” perovskite devices yield negligible stabilised power output, in comparison to those with charge selective contacts, elucidating mechanism for hysteresis.
Immunization With Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor as a Vaccine Adjuvant Elicits Both a Cellular and Humoral Response to Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (1999)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important cytokine for the generation and propagation of antigen-presenting cells and for priming a cellular immune response. We report here that use of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF), administered as an adjuvant in a peptide-based vaccine trial given monthly by intradermal injection, led to the development of a T-cell and antibody response to rhGM-CSF. An antibody response occurred in the majority of patients (72%). This antibody response was not found to be neutralizing. In addition, by 48-hour delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing, 17% of patients were shown to have a cellular immune response to the adjuvant rhGM-CSF alone. Thymidine incorporation assays also showed a peripheral blood T-cell response to rhGM-CSF in at least 17% of the patients. The generation of rhGM-CSF–specific T-cell immune responses, elicited in this fashion, is an important observation because rhGM-CSF is being used as a vaccine adjuvant in various vaccine strategies. rhGM-CSF–specific immune responses may be incorrectly interpreted as antigen-specific immunity, particularly when local DTH responses to vaccination are the primary means of immunologic evaluation. We found no evidence of hematologic or infectious complications as a result of the development of rhGM-CSF–specific immune responses.
InP-Based Type-II Quantum-Well Lasers and LEDs (2013)

Type-II InP-based light sources provide a promising concept for mid-infrared lasers. These have recently made huge progress, as the first electrically and optically pumped lasers could be demonstrated beyond the wavelength limit for type-I InP-based lasers (~2.3 μm). In this paper, we introduce the material system and device concepts, and report the latest achievements, such as electrically pumped lasing operation up to a wavelength of 2.6 μm in pulsed mode, continuous-wave resonant-cavity light-emitting diode operation up to a wavelength of 3.3 μm at 20-80 °C and photoluminescence even up to 3.9 μm.
Quantitative cDNA-AFLP reveals the extent of transcriptional polymorphism in developing cotton fibres (2010)

Genetic variability in fibre quality among the two major cultivated cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb), shows a complex multigenic inheritance. We developed a quantitative 3 targeting cDNA-AFLP analysis strategy in order to dissect transcriptional regulation differences between the developing fibres of these 2 species. Two studies were undertaken. In the first study the expression profiles of over 3000 transcripts from the 2 parental species were analysed by quantitative cDNA-AFLP during the time-course of fibre development, between 6 and 28 days post anthesis (dpa). The 2nd study (4400 transcripts profiled) focused on two key developmental stages of fibre development (10 and 22 dpa, respectively) at a population-wide level using an inter-specific RIL population. Major achievements include: (1) the partitioning of genes among significant expression profiles and its comparison between Gh and Gb; and (2) the mapping of a large (&gt;5000) number of expression QTLs on the RIL genetic map and a comparison of their distributions with QTL for fibre phenotypic traits. This research is part of a larger project aimed at the genetic and genomic dissection of cotton fibre quality.
Screening for AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit specific modulators (2017)

AMPA receptors (AMPAR) are ligand gated ion channels critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Their dysfunction is implicated in a variety of psychiatric and neurological diseases ranging from major depressive disorder to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Attempting to potentiate or depress AMPAR activity is an inherently difficult balancing act between effective treatments and debilitating side effects. A newly explored strategy to target subsets of AMPARs in the central nervous system is to identify compounds that affect specific AMPAR-auxiliary subunit complexes. This exploits diverse spatio-temporal expression patterns of known AMPAR auxiliary subunits, providing means for designing brain region-selective compounds. Here we report a high-throughput screening-based pipeline that can identify compounds that are selective for GluA2-CNIH3 and GluA2-stargazin complexes. These compounds will help us build upon the growing library of AMPAR-auxiliary subunit specific inhibitors, which have thus far all been targeted to TARP γ-8. We used a cell-based assay combined with a voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) to identify changes in glutamate-gated cation flow across the membranes of HEK cells co-expressing GluA2 and an auxiliary subunit. We then used a calcium flux assay to further validate hits picked from the VSD assay. VU0612951 and VU0627849 are candidate compounds from the initial screen that were identified as negative and positive allosteric modulators (NAM and PAM), respectively. They both have lower IC50/EC50s on complexes containing stargazin and CNIH3 than GSG1L or the AMPAR alone. We have also identified a candidate compound, VU0539491, that has NAM activity in GluA2(R)-CNIH3 and GluA2(Q) complexes and PAM activity in GluA2(Q)-GSG1L complexes.