gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Structural and Functional Connectome Mismatch for Classification and Individualized Therapy in Alzheimer Disease (2020)

While machine learning approaches to analyzing Alzheimer disease connectome neuroimaging data have been studied, many have limited ability to provide insight in individual patterns of disease and lack the ability to provide actionable information about where in the brain a specific patient's disease is located. We studied a cohort of patients with Alzheimer disease who underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tractography imaging. These images were processed, and a structural and functional connectivity matrix was generated using the HCP cortical and subcortical atlas. By generating a machine learning model, individual-level structural and functional anomalies detection and characterization were explored in this study. Our study found that structural disease burden in Alzheimer's patients is mainly focused in the subcortical structures and the Default mode network (DMN). Interestingly, functional anomalies were less consistent between individuals and less common in general in these patients. More intriguing was that some structural anomalies were noted in all patients in the study, namely a reduction in fibers involving parcellations in the right anterior cingulate. Alternately, the functional consequences of connectivity loss were cortical and variable. Integrated structural/functional connectomics might provide a useful tool for assessing AD progression, while few concerns have been made for analyzing the mismatch between these two. We performed a preliminary exploration into a set of Alzheimer disease data, intending to improve a personalized approach to understanding individual connectomes in an actionable manner. Specifically, we found that there were consistent patterns of white matter fiber loss, mainly focused around the DMN and deep subcortical structures, which were present in nearly all patients with clinical AD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging shows abnormal functional connectivity different within the patients, which may be used as the individual target for further therapeutic strategies making, like non-invasive stimulation technology.
Broadband Z-scan characterization using a high-spectral-irradiance, high-quality supercontinuum: erratum (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Mihaela Balu, Lazaro A. Padilha, David J. Hagan, Eric W. Van Stryland, Sheng Yao, Kevin Belfield, Shijun Zheng, Stephen Barlow, and Seth Marder, "Broadband Z-scan characterization using a high-spectral-irradiance, high-quality supercontinuum: erratum," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26, 1663-1663 (2009) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Multi-Adaptive Convolutional Neural Network Reconstruction (MA-CNNR) for Parallel Imaging at 1.5T Brain Images (2023)

Recently, deep learning techniques for high-speed or high-quality imaging in MRI have been reported. However, deep learning techniques for the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of noise caused by parallel imaging have not been fully established. In this study, &amp;ldquo;Multi-Adaptive Convolutional Neural Network Reconstruction (MA-CNNR)&amp;rdquo; has been investigated. A noisy image was segmented into four regions by g-factor map, and different optimized CNNs were selected for each region. A denoised image was generated by combining the four denoised regions. The denoising effect was evaluated for 1.5T brain images, and it was confirmed that MA-CNNR can reduce the inhomogeneous noise in parallel imaging.
Optimized 5-Fluorouridine Prodrug for Co-Loading with Doxorubicin in Clinically Relevant Liposomes (2021)

Liposome-based drug delivery systems have allowed for better drug tolerability and longer circulation times but are often optimized for a single agent due to the inherent difficulty of co-encapsulating two drugs with differing chemical profiles. Here, we design and test a prodrug based on a ribosylated nucleoside form of 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluorouridine (5FUR), with the final purpose of co-encapsulation with doxorubicin (DOX) in liposomes. To improve the loading of 5FUR, we developed two 5FUR prodrugs that involved the conjugation of either one or three moieties of tryptophan (W) known respectively as, 5FUR−W and 5FUR−W3. 5FUR−W demonstrated greater chemical stability than 5FUR−W3 and allowed for improved loading with fewer possible byproducts from tryptophan hydrolysis. Varied drug ratios of 5FUR−W: DOX were encapsulated for in vivo testing in the highly aggressive 4T1 murine breast cancer model. A liposomal molar ratio of 2.5 5FUR−W: DOX achieved a 62.6% reduction in tumor size compared to the untreated control group and a 33% reduction compared to clinical doxorubicin liposomes in a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the viability of the co-encapsulated liposomes. We believe that the new prodrug 5FUR−W demonstrates a prodrug design with clinical translatability by reducing the number of byproducts produced by the hydrolysis of tryptophan, while also allowing for loading flexibility.
Laminar Flame Speeds, Flammability Limits, and Flame/Reaction Zone Thicknesses for a Surrogate Kerosene Fuel at Engine Operating Conditions (2012)

Values of laminar flame speed, flame thickness, and reaction zone thickness have been computed for premixed flames of a surrogate kerosene fuel using a detailed chemical kinetics mechanism and associated thermochemistry and transport properties from the literature. Computations were performed at stoichiometric conditions throughout a range of rig and engine operating conditions. In addition, for selected points, computations were performed over the equivalence ratio range of 0.5 to 2.2. Radiation losses were not treated. Literature data on flammability limits were collected for a variety of fuels and used to develop a correlation that was extrapolated to engine conditions. The results for both the lean and rich limits are in reasonable agreement with the computed flame speeds, extrapolated to zero flame speed. From these computed data sets and the flammability limits, correlations were developed for flame speeds, flame (thermal zone) thicknesses, and reaction zone thicknesses as a function of temperature (400-1000K), pressure (1-35 atmospheres), and equivalence ratio (lean to rich limits). Reaction zone thicknesses are found to be about 50% of the thermal zone thickness, significantly larger than those reported in an earlier study. This relatively large reaction zone thickness suggests that the threshold Karlovitz number for flame extinction is closer to 4 rather than 100 as inferred from the earlier estimate of the relative reaction zone thickness. The lower value is consistent with experimental determinations of flame quenching.
Robust Performance in Database Query Processing (Dagstuhl Seminar 17222) (2017)

The Dagstuhl Seminar 17222 on "Robust performance in database query processing", held from 28/May until 02/June 2017, brought together researchers from academia and industry to discuss aspects of robustness in database management systems that have not been addressed by the previous instances of the seminar. This article summarizes the main discussion topics, and presents the summary of the outputs of four work groups that discussed: i) updates and database utilities, ii) parallelism, partitioning and skew, iii) dynamic join sequences, and iv) machine learning techniques used to explain unexpected performance observations.
A study of pace‐maker potential in rabbit sino‐atrial node: measurement of potassium activity under voltage‐clamp conditions. (1981)

1. A single sucrose-gap voltage-clamp technique was used to control the membrane potential and to measure current in rabbit sino-atrial (SA) strips. K+ activity in the extracellular space was simultaneously measured using K+-selective micro-electrodes. 2. Using double-barrelled K+ selective micro-electrodes it was possible to measure the time course of accumulation or depletion of K+ accompanying a single action potential without complications arising from mechanical or electrical artifacts. 3. K+ activity in the extracellular space increased during the action potential and then decreased to base-line levels during the diastolic depolarization phase. Single beat accumulations of 0.1-0.4 M could be measured. 4. The magnitude of accumulation or depletion of K+ depended upon the membrane potential such that K+ accumulated at potentials positive to -50 mV (K+ efflux greater than K+ uptake) and was depleted from the extracellular space at potentials negative to -50 mV (K+ efflux less than K+ uptake). 5. The rate of K+ depletion was fairly constant during the time course of a clamp step within the range of diastolic depolarization (-55 to -75 mV) even though the accompanying membrane current showed marked time-dependent kinetics. 6. The total membrane conductance measured during the time course of the diastolic depolarization or during the time course of activation of time-dependent 'pace-maker' current remained fairly constant or increased. 7. No reversal potential for the time-dependent 'pace-maker' current could be measured at EK in solutions containing 2.7, 5.4 and 8.1 mM-K+. 8. These results do not support the turn-off a K+ conductance as the primary mechanisms for the generation of the pace-maker potential in SA nodal tissue; rather the results are more consistent with the idea that activation of an inward current, with large positive equilibrium potential, is responsible for pace-making activity.
Unique Conduction Band Minimum of Semiconductors Possessing a Zincblende-Type Framework (2022)

Tetrahedral semiconductors such as Si adopt a diamond-type crystal structure with low packing density arising from open cavities in the crystallographic space. By taking LiAlGe as an example, we propose a zincblende-type framework as a platform for semiconductors possessing electroactive cavities. LiAlGe adopts a half-Heusler-type crystal structure including an ordered diamond-type sublattice (zincblende-type) (AlGe) and is an indirect semiconductor with a band gap of ∼0.1 eV. The conduction band minimum (CBM) is uniquely located at the cavity space surrounded by four cations (Al<sub>4</sub>) in real space. The bond ionicity and cation (Al) p orbitals located around the Fermi energy are requisite for the CBM to float in the cavity space. DFT calculations indicate the conversion of the semiconductor to a semimetallic electride under a pressure of ∼8 GPa, which is accompanied by band gap collapse due to electron transfer from valence band maximum to the cavity space. The high-pressure electride of LiAlGe formed under a very small critical pressure is derived from the presence of inherent crystallographic cavities having deep orbital levels energetically. This finding suggests the possible utilization of electroactive cavity spaces in tetrahedral semiconductors, which are widely used in modern electronic devices.
Sustainable process for the preparation of potassium sulfate by electrodialysis and its concentration and purification by a nanofiltration process (2016)

A sustainable approach for the production of high purity potassium fertilizer (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) is highly needed to cope with the food crisis.
Silicon-Photonics Devices for Low-Power, High-Bandwidth Optical I/O (2012)

Electro-optic transceivers integrated in silicon-photonics interposers are attractive for realizing low-power high-bandwidth Optical I/O for future advanced logic and memory. We review recent results obtained at imec on low-voltage silicon ring modulators and Ge photodetectors.
High Cycle Capability of All-Solid-State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Using Composite Electrodes by Liquid-Phase and Mechanical Mixing (2018)

All-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries were fabricated using composite electrodes incorporating sulfur, carbon replica, and a solid electrolyte. Novel liquid-phase mixing contributed to improving electrochemical properties through solid-electrolyte penetration into the mesopores of the carbon replica. Combined mechanical and liquid-phase mixing realized a solid-state battery with high electrochemical performance comparable to a liquid battery system. A discharge capacity in excess of 1500 mAh g–1 and a high Coulombic efficiency of about 100% were demonstrated at an applied pressure of 213 MPa. The novel sulfur-electrode fabrication method enhances battery performance, since the ionic conduction pathway in the composite electrode is increased.
Myelopolyneuropathy and Pancytopenia Due to Copper Deficiency and High Zinc Levels of Unknown Origin (2003)

Persistent hyperzincemia without an identifiable external source appears to be a primary metabolic defect, while copper deficiency is a secondary phenomenon, causing hematologic and neurologic abnormalities. Two unrelated patients with similar idiopathic hyperzincemia and hypocupremia have been recently described. This suggests the existence of a new metabolic disorder with idiopathic zinc overload.
A fourth-order bandpass Δ-Σ modulator using second-order bandpass noise-shaping dynamic element matching (2001)

A multibit, bandpass - modulator (DSM) using bandpass noise-shaping dynamic element matching (BP-NSDEM) is proposed. The modulator was implemented in a 0.25 m CMOS technology. It operates at a 2.5 V power supply and achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 77.4 dB over a 250 kHz bandwidth centered at 566 kHz. The ex-perimental results show the feasibility of a high-speed and high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) which uses a frequency-interleaved technique. 1.
Age-dependent deamidation of the major intrinsic polypeptide from lens membranes (1991)

The Major Intrinsic Polypeptide (MP26) of lens membranes contains an -asn-gly- sequence, which has been shown in other proteins to be particularly susceptible to spontaneous deamidation. To determine if the asparagine residue of this sequence undergoes age-dependent deamidation in vivo, antiserum to a synthetic peptide containing the sequence was used to monitor purification of a tryptic peptide containing this sequence from fetal versus mature bovine lenses. The peptide from fetal lenses contained the -asn-gly- sequence, while the peptide from mature lenses contained an -asp-gly- sequence, demonstrating that age-dependent deamidation of this asparagine residue was occurring in the lens.
Toward coactivity (2010)

This paper introduces the concept of Coactivity as a new focal point for Human-Robot Interaction to address the more sophisticated roles of partner or teammate envisioned for future human-robot systems. We propose that most approaches to date have focused on autonomy and suggest that autonomy is the wrong focal point. The envisioned roles, if properly performed, have a high level of interdependence that cannot be addressed solely by autonomy and necessitate a focus on the coactivity.
Sequestration of Adenoviral Vector by Kupffer Cells Leads to a Nonlinear Dose Response of Transduction in Liver (2001)

Systemic administration of a recombinant adenovirus encoding the human interferon-beta gene (H5.110CMVhIFN-beta) results in transduction of hepatocytes and detectable circulating levels of IFN-beta protein. In preclinical studies in mice, we noticed a distinctly nonlinear dose response, with low levels of virus (1-3 x 10(10) viral particles) yielding barely detectable levels of IFN-beta but with a higher viral dose (1 x 10(11) particles) resulting in disproportionately high IFN-beta levels. Further studies showed that transgene expression levels from low viral doses could be dramatically enhanced by coadministering an unrelated recombinant adenovirus (H5.110CMVlacZ), suggesting that there was a viral dose threshold effect for efficient viral transduction and/or IFN-beta expression. This enhancement of reporter expression by a nonreporter adenovirus, effective upon coadministration, was further enhanced by preadministration of H5.110CMVlacZ (up to 8 h), but was ineffective if the helper virus was administered as little as 5 min after the H5.110CMVhIFN-beta reporter virus. Our data suggest that the reticuloendothelial system plays a role in this threshold effect, such that low doses of virus are efficiently taken up by the RES/Kupffer cells without leading to appreciable transgene expression, whereas high doses saturate these cells and are able to productively transduce hepatocytes. A better understanding of this phenomenon could have an impact on gene therapy clinical trial safety and efficacy.
Effect of Fe–O distance on magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy at the Fe/MgO(001) interface (2013)

We report first-principles calculations on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) of an Fe monolayer sandwiched by MgO. We found that by increasing the interlayer distance between Fe and O by about 8% from its equilibrium value, the perpendicular interfacial magnetic anisotropy can be enhanced as high as 2.75 erg/cm2, which is three times larger than that at the equilibrium distance. The analysis of MAE based on the second-order interactions of the spin-orbit coupling shows that the energy position of the majority-spin dz2 orbital is of central importance in determining MAE. Our results suggest that increasing the Fe–O distance in the Fe/MgO system is an important material-design direction for high-performance magnetic memories.
SIG SPATIAL CUP report (2014)

The 22nd ACM SIGSPATIAL Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was held in November of 2014 in Dallas, Texas, US. Following the success of last two events, we organized the 3rd programming contest associated with the conference, called the SIGSPATIAL GIS 2014. The subject of the competition was constrained generalization, which aims to generalize geometric features in the context of topological constraints. We describe the contest details, and the results, as well as the lessons learned during the process.
Letter to the Editor (2013)

Chairman, Board of Directors, American Joint Replacement Registry, Rochester, MN Director of Research, American Joint Replacement Registry, Rosemont, IL
MOCVD grown epitaxial β-Ga2O3 thin film with an electron mobility of 176 cm2/V s at room temperature (2018)

In this work, we report record electron mobility values in unintentionally doped β-Ga2O3 films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Using degenerately Sn-doped regrown n+ β-Ga2O3 contact layers, we were able to maintain Ohmic contact to the β-Ga2O3 films down to 40 K, allowing for reliable temperature-dependent Hall measurement. An electron mobility of 176 cm2/V s and 3481 cm2/V s were measured at room temperature and 54 K, respectively. The room and low temperature mobilities are both among the highest reported values in a bulk β-Ga2O3 film. A low net background charge concentration of 7.4 × 1015 cm−3 was confirmed by both temperature dependent Hall measurement and capacitance-voltage measurement. The feasibility of achieving low background impurity concentration and high electron mobility paves the road for the demonstration of high performance power electronics with high breakdown voltages and low on-resistances.
A Quick Search Method for Audio Signals Based on a Piecewise Linear Representation of Feature Trajectories (2008)

This paper presents a new method for a quick similarity-based search through long unlabeled audio streams to detect and locate audio clips provided by users. The method involves feature-dimension reduction based on a piecewise linear representation of a sequential feature trajectory extracted from a long audio stream. Two techniques enable us to obtain a piecewise linear representation: the dynamic segmentation of feature trajectories and the segment-based Karhunen-L\'{o}eve (KL) transform. The proposed search method guarantees the same search results as the search method without the proposed feature-dimension reduction method in principle. Experiment results indicate significant improvements in search speed. For example the proposed method reduced the total search time to approximately 1/12 that of previous methods and detected queries in approximately 0.3 seconds from a 200-hour audio database.
Fused Deep Neural Networks for Efficient Pedestrian Detection (2018)

In this paper, we present an efficient pedestrian detection system, designed by fusion of multiple deep neural network (DNN) systems. Pedestrian candidates are first generated by a single shot convolutional multi-box detector at different locations with various scales and aspect ratios. The candidate generator is designed to provide the majority of ground truth pedestrian annotations at the cost of a large number of false positives. Then, a classification system using the idea of ensemble learning is deployed to improve the detection accuracy. The classification system further classifies the generated candidates based on opinions of multiple deep verification networks and a fusion network which utilizes a novel soft-rejection fusion method to adjust the confidence in the detection results. To improve the training of the deep verification networks, a novel soft-label method is devised to assign floating point labels to the generated pedestrian candidates. A deep context aggregation semantic segmentation network also provides pixel-level classification of the scene and its results are softly fused with the detection results by the single shot detector. Our pedestrian detector compared favorably to state-of-art methods on all popular pedestrian detection datasets. For example, our fused DNN has better detection accuracy on the Caltech Pedestrian dataset than all previous state of art methods, while also being the fastest. We significantly improved the log-average miss rate on the Caltech pedestrian dataset to 7.67% and achieved the new state-of-the-art.
A method for using marginal statistics for image denoising (2006)

image denoising, co-occurrence matrix, salt and pepper noise, image statistics, universal denoiser This invention is concerned with a method for removing noise (denoising) from gray level images using statistics that model the image textures. The denoising method presented here uses the framework of the general denoising algorithm published in [1]. The algorithm in [1], known as the Discrete Universal DEnoising algorithm (DUDE), has been proved to be an optimal algorithm for data denoising in certain settings. However, when the input is a noisy gray-level image of a finite size, the sufficient conditions for optimality are not satisfied. A major difficulty in implementing DUDE for gray-level images, as opposed to binary images, lays in the high space complexity required for collecting block statistics. Furthermore, since these statistics are very sparse they do not estimate the corresponding probabilities very well. We suggest here a method to approximate the image block statistics required for DUDE by using a gray level co-occurrence matrix. Such a matrix has been used, for example in [2], to model the statistics of textured images.
Energetics of the ruthenium–halide bond in olefin metathesis (pre)catalysts (2012)

A DFT analysis of the strength of the Ru-halide bond in a series of typical olefin metathesis (pre)catalysts is presented. The calculated Ru-halide bond energies span the rather broad window of 25-43 kcal mol(-1). This indicates that in many systems dissociation of the Ru-halide bond is possible and is actually competitive with dissociation of the labile ligand generating the 14e active species. Consequently, formation of cationic Ru species in solution should be considered as a possible event.