gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GNSS Multipath Detection Aided by Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2022)

This paper concerns the problem of multipath detection in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. An unsupervised machine learning (ML) approach is developed using a convolutional neural network in an autoencoder framework with k-means clustering in the latent space. Such methods often rely on large amounts of annotated data during training, which are difficult to collect in the context of GNSS applications. To this end, a joint approach is proposed to train the ML method on synthetic data generated by hardware in the loop (HIL) simulations, and use unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) to reduce any discrepancies between real and simulated data. For this purpose, an UDA facilitated by a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network is proposed. It is shown that the proposed method can significantly improve the multipath detection accuracy on experimental data compared to baseline approaches (including both heuristic approaches and ML-methods). It is also shown that UDA can enhance GNSS estimation performance in the absence of annotated training data, achieving a prediction accuracy in hand-labeled experimental data of as much as 99 %.
Control of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Blood Feeding on Sheep with Long-Lasting Repellent Pesticides (2010)

Culicoides sonorensis is the primary vector of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in North America. Bluetongue disease is one of the most economically important arthropod-borne diseases of sheep in North America, because it causes significant morbidity and mortality and can lead to local quarantines and international trade restrictions. Long-lasting repellent pesticides could be applied to sheep as they are moved down from mountain pastures to protect them from biting midges until the 1st frost. We tested long-lasting pesticides on sheep as repellents against C. sonorensis. Both Python ear tags with 10% zeta-cypermethrin (9.8 g/tag) synergized with 20% piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and a 12-ml low-volume spray application of ready-to-use sheep insecticide (Y-TEX) with 2.5% permethrin and 2.5% PBO in an oil-based formulation were repellent to C. sonorensis for at least 3-5 wk after a single application.
Supplementary Data from Antibody–Drug Conjugate Sacituzumab Govitecan Drives Efficient Tissue Penetration and Rapid Intracellular Drug Release (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S1-S8, supplemental methods&lt;/p&gt;
Large transparent ceramic garnet scintillator module (2022)

Transparent ceramic Cerium-doped Gadolinium Yttrium Gallium Aluminum Garnet, GYGAG(Ce), offers a combination of environmental stability, high light yield, good gamma spectroscopy and formability into large plates that is attractive for implementation into Radiation Portal Monitors. GYGAG(Ce) plates at 4” x 4” x 0.5” scale achieve energy resolution of R(662 keV) &lt;7%. Production of high transparency 8 in<sup>3</sup> GYGAG(Ce) plates is underway, as well as their integration into detector modules and portal systems.
High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) Library Study Effort (2008)

Abstract : The research team explores a rich feature set, large algorithmic variety, and detailed implementation considerations for one of the most fundamental computational kernels of computational science: LU factorization of a dense matrix by Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting. For the target implementation platforms and systems, they analyze and compare established shared and distributed memory environments as well as relatively new Partitioned Global Address Space programming languages, which include those coming from the High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) project. To give quantitative measures of each hardware platform metrics, combined with implementation characteristics, they compare scalability, raw and relative performance as well as the source code features, functionality, and absolute size breakdown as measured by Source Lines of Code (SLOC).
Expression of Gap Junction Protein Connexin43 in the Adult Rat Cochlea: Comparison with Connexin26 (2003)

To elucidate whether the two different gap junction proteins connexin43 (Cx43) and connexin26 (Cx26) are expressed and localized in a similar manner in the adult rat cochlea, we performed three-dimensional confocal microscopy using cryosections and surface preparations. In the cochlear lateral wall, Cx43-positive spots were localized mainly in the stria vascularis and only a few spots were present in the spiral ligament, whereas Cx26-positive spots were detected in both the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament. In the spiral limbus, Cx43 was widely distributed, whereas Cx26 was more concentrated on the side facing the scala vestibuli and in the basal portion. In the organ of Corti, Cx43-positive spots were present between the supporting cells but they were fewer and much smaller than those of Cx26. These data demonstrated distinct differences between Cx43 and Cx26 in expression and localization in the cochlea. In addition, the area of overlap of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) immunolabeling with Cx43-positive spots was small, whereas it was fairly large with Cx26-positive spots in the cochlear lateral wall, suggesting that the differences are not associated with the structural difference between carboxyl terminals, i.e., those of Cx43 possess sequences for binding to ZO-1, whereas those of Cx26 lack these binding sequences.
Extracellular Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by the Fungus Fusarium oxysporum (2002)

A green chemistry approach to nanoparticle synthesis is the exciting possibility opened up by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The fungus (shown in the flask on the left), when exposed to aqueous AuCl4− ions, reduces the metal ions; this leads to the extracellular formation of gold nanoparticles (shown in the flask on the right).
Multi-core issues---Multi-Core for HPC (2006)

A dramatic trend in computing is the adoption of multi-core technology by the vendors from which our current and future HPC systems are being derived. Multi-core is offered as a path to continued reliance and benefits of Moore's Law while reining in the previously unfettered growth of power consumption and design complexity. Are we saved? or is it but a fools mission, trapping us in a technical cul de sac with no long term direction and no way to reinvent an alternative future. The panel will consider the following questions:* Can multi-core span the next decade of Moore's Law progression?* Are the pins and caches a strangle hold on the future effectiveness of multi-core?* Can innovative algorithmic techniques exploit the opportunities and address the challenges of multi-core?* How will programming models and supporting system software change to accommodate the unique properties and peculiarities of multi-core structures?
Integrated graphene oxide resistive element in tunable RF filters (2020)

Adaptable communication systems are of great interest as they provide dynamic front end to accommodate the tunable spectrum management in advanced wireless systems. Memristor (acronym of memory resistor) is an emerging technology part of resistive RAM (RRAM) that has good potential for application in reconfigurable RF devices. The potentiality of using resistive switches for frequency tuning of high frequency RF filters is successfully explored in this article for the first time. Tunable RF filter is designed with detailed simulation using Ansys HFSS, and then correlated with measured results from experiment. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the tunable RF filter is fabricated by using a graphene oxide (GO) integrated with a conventional microstrip open stub notch filter. The resistor switching ability of the device is exploited for the frequency tuning. The resonating length of the notch filter is varied by changing the resistance of the active GO material between 'HIGH' (OFF) and 'LOW' (ON) resistance states. The measured results demonstrate the great potential of using RRAM in tunable RF devices. It also proves the possibility of tuning RF devices without any localized surface mount device (SMD) element or complex realization technique.
Burkholderia pseudomallei Type III Secretion System Mutants Exhibit Delayed Vacuolar Escape Phenotypes in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages (2008)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of surviving and replicating within eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have shown that B. pseudomallei Bsa type III secretion system 3 (T3SS-3) mutants exhibit vacuolar escape and replication defects in J774.2 murine macrophages. In the present study, we characterized the interactions of a B. pseudomallei bsaZ mutant with RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Following uptake, the mutant was found to survive and replicate within infected RAW 264.7 cells over an 18-h period. In addition, high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and RANTES, but not IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, were detected in culture supernatants harvested from infected monolayers. The subcellular location of B. pseudomallei within infected RAW 264.7 cells was determined, and as expected, the bsaZ mutant demonstrated early-vacuolar-escape defects. Interestingly, however, experiments also indicated that this mutant was capable of delayed vacuolar escape. Consistent with this finding, evidence of actin-based motility and multinucleated giant cell formation were observed between 12 and 18 h postinfection. Further studies demonstrated that a triple mutant defective in all three B. pseudomallei T3SSs exhibited the same phenotype as the bsaZ mutant, indicating that functional T3SS-1 and T3SS-2 did not appear to be responsible for the delayed escape phenotype in RAW 264.7 cells. Based upon these findings, it appears that B. pseudomallei may not require T3SS-1, -2, and -3 to facilitate survival, delayed vacuolar escape, and actin-based motility in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Effects of word confusion networks on voice search (2009)

Mobile voice-enabled search is emerging as one of the most popular applications abetted by the exponential growth in the number of mobile devices. The automatic speech recognition (ASR) output of the voice query is parsed into several fields. Search is then performed on a text corpus or a database. In order to improve the robustness of the query parser to noise in the ASR output, in this paper, we investigate two different methods to query parsing. Both methods exploit multiple hypotheses from ASR, in the form of word confusion networks, in order to achieve tighter coupling between ASR and query parsing and improved accuracy of the query parser. We also investigate the results of this improvement on search accuracy. Word confusion-network based query parsing outperforms ASR 1-best based query-parsing by 2.7% absolute and the search performance improves by 1.8% absolute on one of our data sets.
Historical Note: Cause of Sunrise, Sunset from Jnanesvari and its Comparison to Aryabhatiya (2017)

We discuss here the cause of sunrise/sunset as referred to in Jñāneśvara's Jñāneśvarī, a 13 th Century translation of Bhagavadgīta into Marathi accompanied with his own explanations.The explanations involve a number of similes which can be used to glean the prevalent views of the society of his time.ryabhaa I in his ryabhaīya in the 5 th century of course held a proposition of earth's rotation as the cause of sunrise/sunset which was criticized and rejected by celebrated mathematicians-astronomers like Varāhamihira and Brahmagupta etc.The concept of Earth's rotation possibly went into oblivion after 6 th -7 th century CE.An attempt has been made how the concept was developed by ryabhaa and nature of its survival among the common people in Maharashtra, apart from learned scholars.
Behavior of Embedded Cation-Exchange Particles in a DC Electric Field (2019)

Electrodialysis and electrodeionization are separation processes whose performance depends on the quality and properties of ion-exchange membranes. One of the features that largely affects these properties is heterogeneity of the membranes both on the macroscopic and microscopic level. Macroscopic heterogeneity is an intrinsic property of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes. In these membranes, the functional ion-exchange component is dispersed in a non-conductive binder. The functional component is finely ground ion-exchange resin particles. The understanding of the effect of structure on the heterogeneous membrane properties and behavior is thus of utmost importance since it does not only affect the actual performance but also the cost and therefore competitiveness of the aforementioned separation processes. Here we study the electrokinetic behavior of cation-exchange resin particle systems with well-defined geometrical structure. This approach can be understood as a bottom up approach regarding the membrane preparation. We prepare a structured cation-exchange membrane by using its fundamental component, which is the ion exchange resin. We then perform an experimental study with four different experimental systems in which the number of used cation-exchange particles changes from 1 to 4. These systems are studied by means of basic electrochemical characterization measurements, such as measurement of current-voltage curves and direct optical observation of phenomena that occur at the interface between the ion-exchange system and the adjacent electrolyte. Our work aims at better understanding of the relation between the structure and the membrane properties and of how structure affects electrokinetic behavior of these systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Sulfamidation of Aldehydes: A Mild Efficient Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylcarboxamides. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Erythroid glucose transporters (2009)

Recent research has shown that erythrocyte expression of GLUT-type transporters varies between mammalian species and that their functions in this context can differ. These data identify new arrangements of GLUT members in red cell metabolism.
Highly nonlinear near-resonant photodarkening in a thulium-doped aluminosilicate glass fiber (1993)

Permanent photoinduced optical attenuation has been observed in Tm(3+)-doped aluminosilicate glass fibers on exposure to near-resonance mode-locked 1064-nm radiation at 300 K. The rate of this darkening was observed to follow a 4.7 +/- 0.4 power dependence on the 1064-nm intensity. The result shows that absorption of infrared light of moderate intensity can lead to photoionization in rare-earth-doped glass, provided that a multiphoton stepwise excitation channel exists.
ALPHA FETOPROTEIN LEVELS IN NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA (1980)

Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels were studied in 15 neonatally hyperbilirubinaemic children and 15 controls matched for sex and gestational age. All children were born between 38 and 40 weeks of gestation. During the first seven weeks of postnatal life hyperbilirubinaemic children had serum AFP concentrations over twice as high as controls. At the age of 5-7 days the mean (+/- S.E.M.) serum AFP values were 52.4 +/- 5.8 mg/l for hyperbilirubinaemic children and 24.8 +/- 4.3 mg/l for controls (p less than 0.001). At 20-25 days of age they were 7.28 +/- 1.10 and 2.75 +/- 0.45 mg/l, respectively (p less than 0.001), and at 40-49 days 1.39 +/- 0.21 and 0.46 +/- 0.07 mg/l (p less than 0.001). However, no correlation was found between serum bilirubin and AFP concentrations in hyperbilirubinaemic children.
HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Are Substrates for theMDR1 Multidrug Transporter (1998)

The FDA approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors, ritonavir, saquinavir, and indinavir, are very effective in inhibiting HIV-1 replication, but their long-term efficacy is unknown. Since in vivo efficacy depends on access of these drugs to intracellular sites where HIV-1 replicates, we determined whether these protease inhibitors are recognized by the MDR1 multidrug transporter (P-glycoprotein, or P-gp), thereby reducing their intracellular accumulation. In vitro studies in isolated membrane preparations from insect cells infected with MDR1-expressing recombinant baculovirus showed that these inhibitors significantly stimulated P-gp-specific ATPase activity and that this stimulation was inhibited by SDZ PSC 833, a potent inhibitor of P-gp. Furthermore, photoaffinity labeling of P-gp with the substrate analogue [125I]iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) was inhibited by all three inhibitors. Cell-based approaches to evaluate the ability of these protease inhibitors to compete for transport of known P-gp substrates showed that all three HIV-1 protease inhibitors were capable of inhibiting the transport of some of the known P-gp substrates but their effects were generally weaker than other documented P-gp modulators such as verapamil or cyclosporin A. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by all three protease inhibitors was reduced but could be restored by MDR1 inhibitors in cells expressing MDR1. These results indicate that the HIV-1 protease inhibitors are substrates of the human multidrug transporter, suggesting that cells in patients that express the MDR1 transporter will be relatively resistant to the anti-viral effects of the HIV-1 protease inhibitors, and that absorption, excretion, and distribution of these inhibitors in the body may be affected by the multidrug transporter.
Inhibiting Fornesyl Protein Transferase with Sch-66336: Potentially a Selective, Noncytotoxic Therapy for Human Cancer (2001)

The discovery of Farnesyl Protein Transferase (FPT) and its role in signal transduction and cellular proliferation has inspired the identification of inhibitors of this process as potential cancer therapy. Although thousands of FPT inhibitors (FTIs) have been prepared, only a select few have advanced to human clinical trials. Sch-66336, a potent FTI with demonstrated in vivo efficacy in mice, is currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of human cancers. Structure Activity Relationship studies, which led to the discovery of Sch-66336, are described and related to the observed differences in interactions made with FPT as determined by x-ray crystal structure analysis. Its potency against a panel of tumor cell lines and its efficacy in mouse models as mono or combination therapy is reviewed.
A tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTPases that signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1 (2013)

The mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway promotes cell growth in response to many cues, including amino acids, which act through the Rag GTPases to promote mTORC1 translocation to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. Although progress has been made in identifying positive regulators of the Rags, it is unknown if negative factors also exist and whether they are mutated in cancer. Here, we identify GATOR as a complex that interacts with the Rags. GATOR is composed of two subcomplexes we call GATOR1 and 2. Its GATOR1 subunits have been implicated as tumor suppressors and their inhibition makes mTORC1 signaling insensitive to amino acid deprivation. In contrast, inhibition of GATOR2 subunits suppresses mTORC1 signaling, and epistasis analysis reveals that GATOR2 is an upstream negative regulator of GATOR1. Furthermore, the GATOR1 subcomplex has GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity for RagA and RagB, consistent with its inhibitory role in mTORC1 signaling. In cancer cell lines containing GATOR1 inactivating mutations, mTORC1 is hyperactive and resistant to amino acid regulation, and these cells are hypersensitive to rapamycin, an FDA‐approved mTORC1 inhibitor. Thus, we identify the GATOR complex as a critical regulator of the pathway that signals amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1 and reveal that, like other mTORC1 regulators, the Rags can be deregulated in cancer.
Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine–Mediated Red Blood Cell Interactions (2004)

Poly-N-acetyl glucosamine-induced red blood cell aggregation is mediated by interactions with red blood cell surface charges.
R&D100: IC ID (2015)

Supply chain security to detect, deter, and prevent the counterfeiting of networked and stand-alone integrated circuits (ICs) is critical to cyber security. Sandia National Laboratory researchers have developed IC ID to leverage Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and strong cryptographic authentication to create a unique fingerprint for each integrated circuit. IC ID assures the authenticity of ICs to prevent tampering or malicious substitution.
Fully wireless implementation of distributed beamforming on a software-defined radio platform (2012)

We describe the key ideas behind our implementation of distributed beamforming on a GNU-radio based software-defined radio platform. Distributed beamforming is a cooperative transmission scheme whereby a number of nodes in a wireless network organize themselves into a virtual antenna array and focus their transmission in the direction of the intended receiver, potentially achieving orders of magnitude improvements in energy efficiency. This technique has been extensively studied over the past decade and its practical feasibility has been demonstrated in multiple experimental prototypes. Our contributions in the work reported in this paper are three-fold: (a) the first ever all-wireless implementation of distributed beamforming without any secondary wired channels for clock distribution or channel feedback, (b) a novel digital baseband approach to synchronization of high frequency RF signals that requires no hardware mod-ifications, and (c) an implementation of distributed beam-forming on a standard, open platform that allows easy reuse and extension. We describe the design of our system in de-tail present some initial results and discuss future directions for this work.
Oxygen Sensor Based on the Fluorescence Quenching of a Ruthenium Complex Immobilized in a Biocompatible Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogel (2004)

An optically based system has been developed for use as an oxygen sensor for a cell culture bioreactor. Electrochemical sensors based on the Clark oxygen electrode are typically used with cell-culture bioreactors. These sensors, however, are subject to long-term drift, due in part to biofouling, and require penetrating the bioreactor with the probe in order to perform a measurement. We report an implantable sensor that, when used with an external fiber-optic probe, takes advantage of the oxygen stimulated fluorescence quenching of dichloro(tris-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) hydrate. This fluorophore was immobilized in a photopolymerized hydrogel made from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), a polymer known to minimize protein and cell adhesion. A low-average molecular weight PEG-DA (MW = 575) was employed to hinder the fluorophore from leaching. The PEG-DA precursor solution contained 40% H/sub 2/O such that, upon polymerization, the gel was already in the hydrated state. Sensor hydrogels stored in H/sub 2/O for several months retained their physical shape and sensitivity to oxygen. The sensor showed a high degree of reproducibility across a range of oxygen concentrations that are typical for cell culture experiments (0-9.1 ppm O/sub 2/), and a linear model produced a strong correlation (R /sup 2/= 0.995) compared with a commercial electrochemical probe. No drift or hysteresis was identified in the sensor across cycles of varying oxygen concentrations in this range.
Growth Hormone: Species-Specific Stimulation of Erythropoiesis in Vitro (1977)

The effects of purifed bovine and human growth hormone were tested in vitro with murine and human bone marrow by means of granulocyte-monocyte and erythroid progenitor cloning techniques. Nanogram concentrations of the growth hormones potentiated erythropoietin-stimulated erythropoiesis, but not granulopoiesis, in a species-specific manner.