gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous hydroxyapatite-dodecylphosphate composite film on titania-titanium substrate (1999)

Synthetic analogues of bone are being actively pursued as materials for biomedical applications in the field of bone replacement, augmentation and repair. Numerous stringent criteria have to be met for a biomaterial to be considered as an acceptable bone implant, including the ability to integrate into bone and not cause any deleterious side effects. In this article we describe a materials chemistry approach to synthesizing a new type of bone implant material. The strategy involves the spontaneous growth, under aqueous physiological pH conditions, of an oriented hydroxyapatite film with micron dimension porosity, on the surface of a layer of TiO 2 that has been sputter deposited on Ti metal. This procedure creates desirable co-crystallized phases of hydroxyapatite (OHAp) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) with preferred orientation respectively along the [00l] and [101] directions. Subsequently, a calcium dodecylphosphate mesolamellar phase has been grown within these oriented porous films to create a multilayered chemical composite CaDDP-OHAp-TiO 2 -Ti in which the CaDDP phase is stereochemically and charge matched with the OHAp.
Microstructure–Property Relationships in M50-NiL and P675 Case-Hardened Bearing Steels (2013)

Case-hardened steels, widely used in high-performance ball and roller bearings, have high surface hardness and a gradient in material properties (hardness, yield strength, etc.) as a function of depth; therefore, they behave as functionally graded materials. Understanding the mechanical properties due to gradients in the subsurface microstructure of case-hardened steels is important for modeling the effects of cyclic damage induced by rolling contact fatigue. In the current study, two different commercially available case-carburized steels (P675, M-50 NiL) and two through-hardened steels (M-50, case P675) were characterized to obtain relationships among the volume fraction of subsurface carbides, indentation hardness, elastic modulus, and yield strength as a function of depth. A variety of methods including microindentation, nanoindentation, ultrasonic measurements, compression testing, rule of mixtures, and upper and lower bound models were used to determine the above relationships and compare the experimental results with model predictions. In addition, the morphology, composition, and properties of the carbide particles are also discussed. It was found that the subsurface hardness and volume fraction of carbides are linearly related. Finally, it was found that the estimation of composite modulus from a well-established model compares with measurements from the ultrasonic method and compression tests. The results presented are of immediate engineering relevance to the bearing industry, with importance to modeling of microstructure and its effects on rolling contact fatigue life.
Urban Governance in Europe: The Government of What? (2010)

Résumé «Qui gouverne quand personne ne gouverne?» Pour répondre à cette question, plusieurs traits caractéristiques des villes contemporaines sont examinés : violence, criminalité, immigration, mobilité. Il convient aussi de s’intéresser de plus près à différentes formes de régulation : l’État, le marché et des formes qui font appel à la coopération ou la réciprocité. Le risque incarne ces différentes formes : il constitue une modalité de cadrage et de gestion de tout un ensemble de problèmes urbains, suggérant que gouverner revient d’abord et avant tout à identifier et gérer des vulnérabilités par le biais de différents modes de régulation. Enfin, la question renvoie aux incertitudes qui entourent les frontières de la ville : celles-ci sont en évolution permanente, sous l’effet de la démographie, de l’urbanisation et des réformes politiques.
Compound Ranking Based on a New Mathematical Measure of Effectiveness Using Time Course Data from Cell-Based Assays (2013)

The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) has several limitations that make it unsuitable for examining a large number of compounds in cytotoxicity studies, particularly when multiple exposure periods are tested. This article proposes a new approach to measure drug effectiveness, which allows ranking compounds according to their toxic effects on live cells. This effectiveness measure, which combines all exposure times tested, compares the growth rates of a particular cell line in the presence of the compound with its growth rate in the presence of DMSO alone. Our approach allows measuring a wider spectrum of toxicity than the IC₅₀ approach, and allows automatic analyses of a large number of compounds. It can be easily implemented in linear regression software, provides a comparable measure of effectiveness for each investigated compound (both toxic and non-toxic), and allows statistically testing the null hypothesis that a compound is non-toxic versus the alternative that it is toxic. Importantly, our approach allows defining an automated decision rule for deciding whether a compound is significantly toxic. As an illustration, we describe the results of a cellbased study of the cytotoxicity of 24 analogs of novobiocin, a C-terminal inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90); the compounds were ranked in order of cytotoxicity to a panel of 18 cancer cell lines and 1 normal cell line. Our approach may also be a good alternative to computing the half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) in studies searching for compounds that promote cell growth.
Non-negative matrix factorization: a blind sources separation method applied to optical fluorescence spectroscopy and multiplexing (2010)

Fluorescence optical imaging use one or several (in multiplexing) injected fluorescent markers which specifically bind to targeted compounds. Near infrared light illuminates the region of interest and the emitted fluorescence is analyzed to localize fluorescence sources. A spectroscopic approach and a separation source method (Nonnegative matrix factorization) are explored to separate different fluorescence sources and remove the unwanted biological tissues autofluorescence. We present unmixing results on overlapping spectra of interest, and show that autofluorescence removal improves Fluorescent Diffuse Optical Tomography.
A New Approach to Chiral Enrichment by Exposure of Racemates of Amino Acids to Sonochemically‐Prepared BSA Microspheres (2017)

Abstract This preliminary study describes a one‐step sonochemical formation of Bovine Serum Albumin ( BSA ) microspheres and their chiral interaction with several amino acids. Partial separation between enantiomers of various amino acids was accomplished by the interaction of these microspheres with solutions of racemic amino acids. The highest rate of enantiomeric enrichment was attained for D,L‐cysteine, where 59% enantiomeric excess ( ee ) of the L‐cysteine was measured. This indicates the preferrential interaction of the BSA microspheres with the D‐enantiomer of cystein. No chiral activity was observed for unsonicated BSA molecules. All other D,L‐amino acids that were examined provided enrichment of the D‐enantiomer albeit in lower ee values. D,L‐cysteine interacted with the BSA microspheres leading to L‐enantioselective enrichment up to 59 % ee at room tempertaure and 72% at 5 °C. Chiral enrichment was also carried out succesfully with other protein microspheres such as Avidin microspheres. In this case up to 41 % ee was acheived on interaction with DL‐phenylalanine. Our simple and facile method opens a new window for enantiomeric separation of racemic compounds.
Securing Multi-Agent Systems for Near Real-Time Control of 6G Services (2023)

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have been proposed as an alternative to traditional centralized control for near real-time service control. However, MAS also show a distributed attack surface. To overcome their software higher security exposure, we combine a set of scalable techniques fostering enhanced security applied on individual agents and their communications. Specifically, the proposed solution combines: <em>i</em>) binary hardening with secure execution monitoring; <em>ii</em>) distributed ledger technologies for non-real-time MAS management; and <em>iii</em>) VXLAN and encrypted communications for near real-time MAS operation. The solution is designed not only to provide strong security to the MAS, but also to minimize any functional overhead.
A stability issue with current mode control flyback converter driving LEDs (2009)

Use of LED lamp for lighting becomes common and power converter for LEDs is critical. This paper is about the design of stable power converter for LED lamp. In the construction of the converter, flyback topology is used together with current-controlled current mode control. LED is a current driven device with low dynamic resistance. This introduces instability to output feedback. Current mode control model with more accurate LED equivalent circuit is built on MATLAB Simulink to analysis the control aspect. A solution is figured out by adding additional resistor to output feedback loop. The proposed method is verified by experimental results.
Toward visual programming languages for steering scientific computations (1994)

Imagine running a computationally intensive model and being able not only to visualize the data as soon as results start emerging, but also to experiment with and change the underlying calculations in midstream, all with a consistent visual interface. This scenario represents a marriage of these two areas: visual programming languages and steering. We classified these two areas of research in six dimensions to provide insights and to suggest future research directions. The first four measure how thoroughly a system fulfils significant attributes of the requirements of a scenario (which is presented). The fifth and sixth dimensions help clarify the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches by looking at the ways they use various programming paradigms. The dimensions are: the system's steering capabilities; the power and visual extent of the interface; the level of support for preexisting scientific application programs; system generality; the programming paradigm used for scientific programming; and the programming paradigm used for visualization and steering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of design rules for interior PM motors with different cooling systems (2015)

The conventional scaling rules for the optimal design of electric machines are best suited for naturally cooled machines with stator winding current densities less than 4A/mm2. In this paper, through a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, first, it is demonstrated that the correlations between some geometric variables and the performance metrics of interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors vary significantly with respect to the stator winding current density. For this purpose, three current densities are selected so as to approximately account for naturally cooled, fan-cooled and liquid-cooled machines. Subsequently, a parameterized IPM motor is optimized at these current densities through a large-scale design optimization algorithm by evaluating a total of 20,000 design candidates. The 100 best designs from each group are then identified and extracted to investigate the scaling rules for the optimal design of such IPM motors with different cooling systems. The outcomes of the study are in correspondence with the conventional design principles for naturally cooled machines. Nevertheless, it is illustrated that these rules vary for fan-cooled and liquid-cooled machines owing to the increased ampere loading, and also heavy saturation of the magnetic core in such machines. A configuration of a 50 hp, 48-slot, 8-pole IPM motor with a single-layer v-type magnet is used as the benchmark of this study.
Discovery and Biological Profiling of Potent and Selective mTOR Inhibitor GDC-0349 (2012)

Aberrant activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway has been observed in human tumors and tumor cell lines, indicating that these protein kinases may be attractive therapeutic targets for treating cancer. Optimization of advanced lead 1 culminated in the discovery of clinical development candidate 8h, GDC-0349, a potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR. GDC-0349 demonstrates pathway modulation and dose-dependent efficacy in mouse xenograft cancer models.
Respiratory infection rates differ between geographically distant paediatric cystic fibrosis cohorts (2016)

Respiratory infections are a major cause of pulmonary decline in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We compared the prevalence of infection in early life at geographically distant CF treatment centres participating in the same surveillance programme in Australia. Lower airway microbiology, inflammation and structural lung disease at annual review were evaluated for 260 children 0-8 years old with CF at 1032 visits to CF treatment centres in Melbourne or Perth. Melbourne patients were more likely to be culture-positive for common respiratory pathogens at all age groups (odds ratio (OR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.33-2.58). Subjects <2 years old in Melbourne were also more likely to have neutrophil elastase present (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.62-5.95). Bronchiectasis (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.21-3.38) and air trapping (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.42-4.51) in subjects 2-5 years old was more common in Melbourne subjects. The severity of structural lung disease was also worse in Melbourne patients >5 years old. Patients at both centres had a similar rate of hospitalisations and prescribed antibiotics. No procedural differences were identified that could explain the disparity between pathogen prevalence. Geographical differences in early acquisition of infection may contribute to variability in outcomes between CF centres.
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) mutations in pituitary tumors: could this be a new role for mitochondrial complex II and/or Krebs cycle defects? (2012)

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or mitochondrial complex II is a multimeric enzyme that is bound to the inner membrane of mitochondria and has a dual role as it serves both as a critical step of the tricarboxylic acid or Krebs cycle and as a member of the respiratory chain that transfers electrons directly to the ubiquinone pool. Mutations in SDH subunits have been implicated in the formation of familial paragangliomas (PGLs) and/or pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and in Carney-Stratakis syndrome. More recently, SDH defects were associated with predisposition to a Cowden disease phenotype, renal, and thyroid cancer. We recently described a kindred with the coexistence of familial PGLs and an aggressive GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, harboring an SDHD mutation. The pituitary tumor showed loss of heterozygosity at the SDHD locus, indicating the possibility that SDHD's loss was causatively linked to the development of the neoplasm. In total, 29 cases of pituitary adenomas presenting in association with PHEOs and/or extra-adrenal PGLs have been reported in the literature since 1952. Although a number of other genetic defects are possible in these cases, we speculate that the association of PHEOs and/or PGLs with pituitary tumors is a new syndromic association and a novel phenotype for SDH defects.
Abstract 2433: Eradication of established pancreatic tumors in mice by engagement of extra-tumoral human T cells with BiTE antibody MT110 (2010)

Abstract MT110 is a T cell-engaging, EpCAM/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody that is currently being tested in a dose-escalating clinical phase 1 study in gastrointestinal and lung cancer patients. MT110 has shown high potency of redirected lysis in cell-based assays at picomolar concentrations. Previous studies with MT110 have shown that subcutaneous (s.c.) pancreatic tumor formation can be delayed in NOD/SCID mice when human tumor cells are mixed prior to inoculation with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at a ratio of 1:2. Likewise, MT110 is able to eradicate s.c.-implanted human metastatic tissue (&amp;lt;80 mm3) freshly dissected from ovarian cancer patients. In this model, the only source of effector cells were tumor-resident T cells from the respective patient sample. Here we have further explored in a new NOD/SCID mouse model the anti-tumor activity of MT110 on established s.c. tumors derived from the human pancreas cancer cell line Aspc1. Effector cells, human peripheral T cells, were expanded ex vivo in the presence of T cell mitogens. NOD/SCID mice were reconstituted with human T cells by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once the tumors had reached at least 150 mm3. Following adoptive transfer, human T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of mice for up to 6 days. Tumor-bearing mice were treated for 28 days with 350 µg MT110/kg (approx. 3 µg MT110/mouse) by either daily i.v. bolus injection or continuous i.p. infusion using Alzet osmotic pumps. With the onset of MT110 treatment by either route, Aspc1 tumors of approx. 300 mm3 started to shrink. After two weeks, tumors in all MT110-treated mice were less than 50 mm3, and 3 out of animals 11animals were completely free of tumor. In contrast, all tumors in vehicle control mice had reached an average size of 500 mm3 during this period. At the end of the study after 8 weeks and 2.5 weeks after last dosing, 3 out of 11 animals remained tumor-free. Among the remaining eight tumor-bearing animals, all showed tumor regression 38-40 days after start of the study. Our data show that established tumors grown can be eradicated by BiTE antibody MT110 by engaging initially extra-tumoral human T cells. This indicates that cancer therapy with MT110 and other BiTE antibodies in development may not solely rely on tumor-resident T cells. Moreover, MT110 may have activity against pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2433.
Arthroscopic Hip Revision Surgery for Residual FAI: Surgical Outcomes (2013)

Objectives: There is a steep surgical learning curve when managing femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and residual FAI can lead to continued pain and disability. There is very limited data reporting outcomes after revision arthroscopy for residual FAI. Methods: The records of patients that underwent arthroscopic hip revision surgery for residual FAI based on plain radiographs and 3D CT scans were reviewed. Pre and post-operative structural pathomorphology, intra-operative findings, and pre and post-operative outcomes measures using Modified Harris Hip Scoring (MHHS), SF-12 scoring, and pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated. Outcomes after revision arthroscopic FAI correction were compared to a cohort that underwent primary arthroscopic FAI correction. Results: 48 patients (53 hips) underwent arthroscopic revision FAI correction (mean 20.0 months follow-up). There were 62 previous arthroscopic surgeries and 4 previous surgical dislocations. There were 23 males and 25 females with a mean age of 29.9 years (range 18 - 59). 48 hips had residual cam-type FAI, and 40 hips had residual pincer-type FAI and underwent femoral and rim resections, respectively. The labrum was debrided in 27 hips, repaired in 24 hips and reconstructed with allograft in 2 hips. Adhesions were excised for 35 hips. The results of revision arthroscopic FAI correction were compared to 154 patients (169 hips) that underwent primary arthroscopic FAI correction (mean 25.2 months follow-up). The mean improvement for outcomes scores after revision FAI correction was 13.7 points (MHHS, p&lt;.01), 8.6 points (SF-12, p&lt;.01), and 2.6 points (VAS, p&lt;.01) compared to 23.7 points (MHHS, p&lt;.01), 22.3 points (SF-12, p&lt;.01), and 4.6 points (VAS, p&lt;.01) after primary arthroscopic FAI correction. Most recent outcomes scores and mean improvement in outcome scores were significantly better after primary (81% good/ excellent results) compared to revision (63.3% good/excellent results) FAI correction (MHS (p=.012), SF-12 (p&lt;.01), VAS (p&lt;.01). Conclusion: With appropriate indications and expectations, arthroscopic hip revision surgery for residual FAI led to significantly improved outcome measures. Outcomes, however, were inferior to those after primary arthroscopic FAI corrective surgery.
Sparse ICA for blind separation of transmitted and reflected images (2005)

Abstract We address the problem of recovering a scene recorded through a semireflecting medium (i.e. planar lens), with a virtual reflected image being superimposed on the image of the scene transmitted through the semirefelecting lens. Recent studies propose imaging through a linear polarizer at several orientations to estimate the reflected and the transmitted components in the scene. In this study we extend the sparse ICA (SPICA) technique and apply it to the problem of separating the image of the scene without having any a priori knowledge about its structure or statistics. Recent novel advances in the SPICA approach are discussed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 84–91, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20042
Synthesis of Photonic Crystals for Optical Wavelengths from Semiconductor Quantum Dots (1999)

Quantum-dot solids and polycrystalline semiconductors that are patterned in three dimensions can be produced by the new route described here. Both materials have potential as photonic crystals. The method combines colloidal chemistry with two steps of hierarchical selfassembly: first, semiconductor nanocrystals are induced to self-assemble inside a self-organized silica template, then the template is removed, leaving a three-dimensionally patterned material consisting solely of densely packed nanocrystals. This issue's cover shows micrographs of such a material.
Application redirection (1999)

We present Application Redirection, a novel architecture that lets unmodified Windows applications be hosted in a 3D virtual environment. The result is a platform for experimentation in 3D Information Visualization in which the user retains all familiar productivity tools This paper describes the implementation of Application Redirection, using the Task Gallery to illustrate how it is used
CRISPR Enzyme Kinetics for Molecular Diagnostics (2021)

CRISPR-diagnostic assays have gained significant interest in the last few years. This interest has grown rapidly during the current COVID-19 pandemic, where CRISPR-diagnostics have been frontline contenders for rapid testing solutions. This surge in CRISPR-diagnostic research prompts the following question: what exactly are the achievable limits of detection and associated assay times enabled by the kinetics of enzymes such as Cas12 and Cas13? To explore this question, we here present a model based on Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetics theory applied to CRISPR enzymes. We use the model to develop analytical solutions for reaction kinetics and develop back-of-the-envelope criteria to validate and check for consistency in reported enzyme kinetic parameters. We applied our analyses to all studies known to us, which report Michaelis–Menten-type kinetic data for CRISPR-associated enzymes. These studies include all subtypes of Cas12 and Cas13 and orthologs. We found all but one study clearly violate at least two of our three rules and therefore present data that violate basic physical limits. We performed an experimental study of reaction kinetics of LbCas12a with both ssDNA and dsDNA activators and use these data to validate our model and its predicted scaling. The validated model is used to explore CRISPR reaction time scales and the degree of reaction completion for practically relevant target concentrations applicable to CRISPR-diagnostic assays. The results have broad implications for achievable limits of detection and assay times of emerging, amplification-free CRISPR-detection methods.