gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
185mW InP HBT Power Amplifier with 1 Octave Bandwidth (2550GHz), 38% peak PAE at 44GHz and Chip Area of 276 x 672 μm2 (2019)

We report a 250 nm InP HBT MMIC that demonstrates record output power at 44 GHz for its chip size, having a small signal bandwidth of 25 - 50 GHz, and operating from a 2.5-2.8 V supply. The reported power amplifier delivers up to 185 mW and has a peak PAE of 38% at 44 GHz. The results in this work highlight the relevance of 250 nm InP HBT devices for emerging size-constrained platforms including MIMO communication front-ends and radar applications.
Asymmetric similarity-weighted ensembles for image segmentation (2016)

Supervised classification is widely used for image segmentation. To work effectively, these techniques need large amounts of labeled training data, that is representative of the test data. Different patient groups, different scanners or different scanning protocols can lead to differences between the images, thus representative data might not be available. Transfer learning techniques can be used to account for these differences, thus taking advantage of all the available data acquired with different protocols. We investigate the use of classifier ensembles, where each classifier is weighted according to the similarity between the data it is trained on, and the data it needs to segment. We examine 3 asymmetric similarity measures that can be used in scenarios where no labeled data from a newly introduced scanner or scanning protocol is available. We show that the asymmetry is informative and the direction of measurement needs to be chosen carefully. We also show that a point set similarity measure is robust across different studies, and outperforms state-of-the-art results on a multi-center brain tissue segmentation task.
Assembly of Linked Nanocrystal Colloids by Reversible Covalent Bonds (2020)

&lt;div&gt;The use of dynamically bonding molecules designed to reversibly link solvent-dispersed nanocrystals (NCs) is a promising strategy to form colloidal assemblies with controlled structure and macroscopic properties. In this work, tin-doped indium oxide NCs are functionalized with ligands that form reversible covalent bonds with linking molecules to drive assembly of NC gels. We monitor gelation using small angle X-ray scattering and characterize how changes in the gel structure affect infrared optical properties arising from the localized surface plasmon resonance of the NCs. The assembly is reversible because of the designed linking chemistry, and we disassemble the gels using two strategies: addition of excess NCs to change the ratio of linking molecules to NCs and addition of a capping molecule that displaces&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;the linking molecules. The assembly behavior is rationalized using a thermodynamic perturbation theory to compute the phase diagram of the NC–linking molecule mixture. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal the competition between loop and bridge linking motifs essential for understanding NC gelation. This combined experimental, computational, and theoretical work provides a platform for controlling and designing the properties of reversible colloidal assemblies that incorporate NC and solvent compositions beyond those compatible with other contemporary (e.g, DNA-based) linking strategies.&lt;/div&gt;
Innentitelbild: Comprehensive and High‐Throughput Exploration of Chemical Space Using Broadband 19F NMR‐Based Screening (Angew. Chem. 35/2020) (2020)

19F-NMR-basiertes Fragmentscreening ist ein effektiver Ansatz in der pharmazeutischen Forschung zur Untersuchung des chemischen Substanzraums für spezifische Target-Ligand-Wechselwirkungen. In ihrem Forschungsartikel auf S. 14919 berichten A. Lingel, A. O. Frank et al. über die Entwicklung von NMR-Pulsen, die das gesamte Spektrum der Fluor-chemischen Verschiebung in einem einzelnen Experiment abdecken. Die neue Methode erlaubt den effizienten Aufbau diversifizierter Fragmentbibliotheken, die innerhalb weniger Tage auf qualitativ hochwertige Treffer gescreent werden können.
Return-to-base navigation of robotic swarms in Mars exploration using DoA estimation (2013)

Abstract—In Mars exploration tasks, robotic swarms containing multiple autonomous units are efficient and robust against hazards in the mission. However, when the swarm travels significantly far away from the base, it is not sufficiently reliable to use the local map generated during the exploration alone to return. We propose a return-to-base navigation system for swarm exploration tasks using a radio link from the base station. With intra-swarm links, a swarm can be controlled into a coplanar formation and cooperatively determine the relative position. Then the swarm exploits the difference of phase measurements for distinct swarm elements to estimate the direction of arrival (DoA). The estimation of directions is shown to be reliable to guide the swarm back to the base. Keywords—Swarm navigation, Return-to-base, Relative positioning, Direction of Arrival
Evaluation of Odor Characteristics of Heat-Dried Pellets (2001)

Evaluation of Odor Characteristics of Heat-Dried PelletsHeat drying of wastewater solids from municipal wastewater treatment plants is becoming prevalent as biosolids management regulations become more restrictive, since it produces an exceptional quality (EQ) pellet product. The product from heat drying is sometimes odorous as dry pellets or as ‘wetted’ pellets. The odors, although not regulated, can be important for marketability and...Author(s)Sudhir MurthyHyunook KimChristopher PeotLaura McConnellMary StrawnThomas SadickIvan DolakSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 6 - Residuals and Biosolids Management Symposium: Heat Drying and IncinerationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2001ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20010101)2001:16L.454;1-DOI10.2175/193864701790902130Volume / Issue2001 / 16Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)454 - 472Copyright2001Word count152
Nature of the surface chemical bond inN2on Ni(100) studied by x-ray-emission spectroscopy andab initiocalculations (1998)

The electronic structure of the system ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}/\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}(100)$ has been studied by means of angle-resolved x-ray-emission spectroscopy (XES) and ab initio calculations. XES allows a symmetry-resolved decomposition of the $2p$ density of states projected on each N atom. The calculations reproduce the experimental spectra well. Our results show that it is necessary to use an atom-specific description rather than treating the molecule and substrate as separate units. Hence a model of the surface chemical bond for this system is presented, in which the N${}_{2}$ $1\ensuremath{\pi}$--Ni $3d$ interaction is important for the bond of N${}_{2}$ to the Ni(100) surface. The weakening of the internal $\ensuremath{\pi}$ is seen as the appearance of a nonbonding orbital whose character is essentially Ni $3d$ with a contribution of N $2p$ lone pair on the outer nitrogen atom. The $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ system strongly polarizes in order to minimize the Pauli repulsion with the Ni $4sp$ states in the substrate. The traditional picture of the Blyholder model, which in a frontier orbital framework involves $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ donation and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ backdonation with more or less unperturbed orbitals, is not in agreement with the experimental data and is not supported by the calculations. In order to create the adsorbate orbitals we need to involve the whole original $\ensuremath{\pi}$ system of the free molecule, i.e., both the $1\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ orbitals.
Surrogate for Debye–Waller Factors from Dynamic Stokes Shifts (2011)

We show that the short-time behavior of time-resolved fluorescence Stokes shifts (TRSS) are similar to that of the intermediate scattering function obtained from neutron scattering at q near the peak in the static structure factor for glycerol. This allows us to extract a Debye-Waller (DW) factor analog from TRSS data at times as short as 1 ps in a relatively simple way. Using the time-domain relaxation data obtained by this method we show that DW factors evaluated at times ≥ 40 ps can be directly influenced by α relaxation and thus should be used with caution when evaluating relationships between fast and slow dynamics in glassforming systems.
Linear Optical and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Some Fluorenyl‐ and Triarylamine‐Containing Tetracyanobutadiene Derivatives (2016)

The synthesis and characterization of four new tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) derivatives (1-3 and 2') incorporating 2- or 2,7-fluorenyl and diphenylamino moieties are reported. The electroactivity of 1-3 and 2' was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), while the linear optical and (third-order) nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated by electronic spectroscopy and Z-scan studies, respectively. All experimental investigations were rationalized by DFT computations, providing an insight into the electronic structure of these derivatives and on their application potential. We show that these derivatives are nonluminescent in solution at ambient temperatures, but become fluorescent in solvent glasses. This finding constitutes an unprecedented observation for TCBD derivatives. Also, we show by Z-scan studies that these derivatives behave as two-photon absorbers in the near-IR range (800-1050 nm). These third-order NLO properties are discussed and compared with those of their alkynyl precursors (4-6), which have been investigated by two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF).
Development & Experimental Assessment of Robust Direction Finding and Self-Calibration (2022)

The reiterative super-resolution (RISR) algorithm was developed to perform adaptive direction finding while accounting for model errors from imperfect calibration. Here this approach is extended to incorporate additional model error attributes and a self-calibration formulation is likewise developed that can exploit illuminators of opportunity. Efficacy of the overall method is experimentally demonstrated using open-air measurements from an 8-element uniform linear array (ULA), an ad hoc 4&#x00D7;4 planar array, and a 4-element ULA streamed by an RF-SoC.
Dielectric properties of epoxy‐dielectrics‐carbon black composite for phantom materials at radio frequencies (2000)

In order to develop new dry phantom materials that can simulate the effect of electromagnetic wave on human tissues, the dielectric properties of the phantom materials composed of dielectrics, carbon black, and epoxy resin were investigated. For dielectrics/epoxy composite, the dielectric constants increased with the content of dielectric powder and were independent of frequency at the measured frequency range. The dielectric constants and conductivity of carbon black/epoxy composite also increased with the carbon black, but it showed the frequency dependence that the complex dielectric constants decreased with increasing frequency. The dielectric constants and conductivity corresponding to human tissues could be obtained by combining the frequency dependence of carbon black/epoxy composite with the dielectric properties of dielectrics/epoxy composite and by adjusting the composition ratios of carbon black, dielectrics, and epoxy. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1294–1302, 2000
Semantic search as extractive paraphrase span detection (2024)

Abstract In this paper, we approach the problem of semantic search by introducing a task of paraphrase span detection, i.e. given a segment of text as a query phrase, the task is to identify its paraphrase in a given document, the same modelling setup as typically used in extractive question answering. While current work in paraphrasing has almost uniquely focused on sentence-level approaches, the novel span detection approach gives a possibility to retrieve a segment of arbitrary length. On the Turku Paraphrase Corpus of 100,000 manually extracted Finnish paraphrase pairs including their original document context, we find that by achieving an exact match of 88.73 our paraphrase span detection approach outperforms widely adopted sentence-level retrieval baselines (lexical similarity as well as BERT and SBERT sentence embeddings) by more than 20pp in terms of exact match, and 11pp in terms of token-level F-score. This demonstrates a strong advantage of modelling the paraphrase retrieval in terms of span extraction rather than commonly used sentence similarity, the sentence-level approaches being clearly suboptimal for applications where the retrieval targets are not guaranteed to be full sentences. Even when limiting the evaluation to sentence-level retrieval targets only, the span detection model still outperforms the sentence-level baselines by more than 4 pp in terms of exact match, and almost 6pp F-score. Additionally, we introduce a method for creating artificial paraphrase data through back-translation, suitable for languages where manually annotated paraphrase resources for training the span detection model are not available.
Are Neural Open-Domain Dialog Systems Robust to Speech Recognition\n Errors in the Dialog History? An Empirical Study (2020)

Large end-to-end neural open-domain chatbots are becoming increasingly\npopular. However, research on building such chatbots has typically assumed that\nthe user input is written in nature and it is not clear whether these chatbots\nwould seamlessly integrate with automatic speech recognition (ASR) models to\nserve the speech modality. We aim to bring attention to this important question\nby empirically studying the effects of various types of synthetic and actual\nASR hypotheses in the dialog history on TransferTransfo, a state-of-the-art\nGenerative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) based neural open-domain dialog system\nfrom the NeurIPS ConvAI2 challenge. We observe that TransferTransfo trained on\nwritten data is very sensitive to such hypotheses introduced to the dialog\nhistory during inference time. As a baseline mitigation strategy, we introduce\nsynthetic ASR hypotheses to the dialog history during training and observe\nmarginal improvements, demonstrating the need for further research into\ntechniques to make end-to-end open-domain chatbots fully speech-robust. To the\nbest of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of\nsynthetic and actual ASR hypotheses on a state-of-the-art neural open-domain\ndialog system and we hope it promotes speech-robustness as an evaluation\ncriterion in open-domain dialog.\n
Copolyesters based on poly(butylene terephthalate)s containing cyclohexyl groups: synthesis, structure and crystallization (2003)

Abstract Poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate) copolymers PBTCT, were synthesized by melt condensation with compositions ranging from 94/08 to 23/77. 13 C NMR spectroscopy was used to study the microstructure of the copolyesters and was found to be completely random. The melting temperature, crystallization temperature on cooling, enthalpy of melting and crystallization followed an eutectic behaviour. Thermal and x‐ray diffraction studies indicated that the copolyesters in all composition could crystallize. The XRD studies further indicated that PBT rich copolyesters in the range 75 to 100% BT, crystallized in the PBT lattice while the copolyesters rich in PCT having 38 to 100% CT, crystallized in the PCT lattice.
Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum α-Glucosidase I with a Single-Dose Iminosugar Treatment Protects against Lethal Influenza and Dengue Virus Infections (2020)

Influenza and dengue viruses present a growing global threat to public health. Both viruses depend on the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycoprotein folding pathway. In 2014, Sadat <i>et al.</i> reported two siblings with a rare genetic defect in ER α-glucosidase I (ER Glu I) who showed resistance to viral infections, identifying ER Glu I as a key antiviral target. Here, we show that a single dose of UV-4B (the hydrochloride salt form of <i>N</i>-(9'-methoxynonyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin; MON-DNJ) capable of inhibiting Glu I <i>in vivo</i> is sufficient to prevent death in mice infected with lethal viral doses, even when treatment is started as late as 48 h post infection. The first crystal structure of mammalian ER Glu I will constitute the basis for the development of potent and selective inhibitors. Targeting ER Glu I with UV-4B-derived compounds may alter treatment paradigms for acute viral disease through development of a single-dose therapeutic regime.
Production of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein in [i]Lactococcus lactis.[/i] (2002)

The E7 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 was produced in Lactococcus lactis. Secretion allowed higher production yields than cytoplasmic production. In stationary phase, amounts of cytoplasmic E7 were reduced, while amounts of secreted E7 increased, suggesting a phase-dependent intracellular proteolysis. Fusion of E7 to the staphylococcal nuclease, a stable protein, resulted in a highly stable cytoplasmic protein. This work provides new candidates for development of viral screening systems and for oral vaccine against cervical cancer.
A 40 GHz Mode Locked Silicon Evanescent Laser (2007)

We demonstrate a mode locked silicon evanescent laser (ML-SEL) which generates a 39.2 GHz pulse stream without requiring any RF drive signal. This passively mode locked laser outputs 3.7 ps pulses which are nearly transform limited and have 18 dB extinction ratio.
Production of di-D-fructose dianhydride from several foodstuffs by roasting (2007)

Difructose anhydride III (DFA III) is a nondigestible oligosaccharide that exists in caramels and roasted chicory in trace amounts. DFA III is manufactured from inulin, an extract from root chicory, through microbial fermentation. The present study describes a generation of DFA III and its content determined in hydrothermal extracts of roasted garlic using an HPLC analysis with three types of columns. The optimal roasting period and temperature for DFA III production were then examined. The contents of DFA III in the roasted garlic extracts increased with the treatment processing time and reached about 860 μg/g in fresh content (W/W) when treated for 60 minutes. The optimal treatment temperature was 200°C; the DFA III content decreased at temperatures higher than 200°C. The production of DFA III in hydrothermal extracts of several roasted foodstuffs (on the market vegetables, fruits and plant extracts) under the above-mentioned optimal conditions (200°C, 60 minutes) was also examined. Extracts of roasted asteraceous and liliaceus vegetables contained DFA III at concentrations of up to 10% in inulin-rich parts like the roots, bulbs and receptacles. Hydrothermal extracts of roasted fruits also contained small quantities of DFA III, with fructose-rich fruits containing more DFA III than fructose-poor fruits. To investigate the mechanisms of DFA III production, the extracts of two types of inulin caramels with different fructose polymer chain lengths and of fructose caramel were examined. Small amounts of DFA III were present in fructose caramel. On the other hand, DFA III content in inulin caramel with long-chain fructose polymers was higher than that in those with short chains. These results suggest that fructose and fructose polymer chains of inulin play a role in DFA III formation mechanism during high thermal treatment and dehydration.
Comparison of heritability estimates on resting state fMRI connectivity phenotypes using the ENIGMA analysis pipeline (2018)

We measured and compared heritability estimates for measures of functional brain connectivity extracted using the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) rsfMRI analysis pipeline in two cohorts: the genetics of brain structure (GOBS) cohort and the HCP (the Human Connectome Project) cohort. These two cohorts were assessed using conventional (GOBS) and advanced (HCP) rsfMRI protocols, offering a test case for harmonization of rsfMRI phenotypes, and to determine measures that show consistent heritability for in-depth genome-wide analysis. The GOBS cohort consisted of 334 Mexican-American individuals (124M/210F, average age = 47.9 ± 13.2 years) from 29 extended pedigrees (average family size = 9 people; range 5-32). The GOBS rsfMRI data was collected using a 7.5-min acquisition sequence (spatial resolution = 1.72 × 1.72 × 3 mm<sup>3</sup> ). The HCP cohort consisted of 518 twins and family members (240M/278F; average age = 28.7 ± 3.7 years). rsfMRI data was collected using 28.8-min sequence (spatial resolution = 2 × 2 × 2 mm<sup>3</sup> ). We used the single-modality ENIGMA rsfMRI preprocessing pipeline to estimate heritability values for measures from eight major functional networks, using (1) seed-based connectivity and (2) dual regression approaches. We observed significant heritability (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.2-0.4, p < .05) for functional connections from seven networks across both cohorts, with a significant positive correlation between heritability estimates across two cohorts. The similarity in heritability estimates for resting state connectivity measurements suggests that the additive genetic contribution to functional connectivity is robustly detectable across populations and imaging acquisition parameters. The overarching genetic influence, and means to consistently detect it, provides an opportunity to define a common genetic search space for future gene discovery studies.
A simulation Study of Simultaneous Acid Gas EOR and CO2 Storage at Apache's Zama F Pool (2013)

This simulation study evaluates ways for maximizing incremental oil recovery (IOR) and CO2 storage capacity for a current simultaneous enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage project at the Zama oil field F Pool situated in northwestern Alberta, Canada. The results clearly indicate the viability of formation water extraction for increasing storage capacity in a closed geological structure. An approximately fivefold increase in CO2 storage capacity was observed, if current EOR is coupled with bottom water extraction. IOR of 22.1% in the next 20 years can be achieved, which is 5% more than continuing current EOR without bottom water extraction.
Barbiturates Bind in the GLIC Ion Channel Pore and Cause Inhibition by Stabilizing a Closed State (2016)

Barbiturates induce anesthesia by modulating the activity of anionic and cationic pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs). Despite more than a century of use in clinical practice, the prototypic binding site for this class of drugs within pLGICs is yet to be described. In this study, we present the first X-ray structures of barbiturates bound to GLIC, a cationic prokaryotic pLGIC with excellent structural homology to other relevant channels sensitive to general anesthetics and, as shown here, to barbiturates, at clinically relevant concentrations. Several derivatives of barbiturates containing anomalous scatterers were synthesized, and these derivatives helped us unambiguously identify a unique barbiturate binding site within the central ion channel pore in a closed conformation. In addition, docking calculations around the observed binding site for all three states of the receptor, including a model of the desensitized state, showed that barbiturates preferentially stabilize the closed state. The identification of this pore binding site sheds light on the mechanism of barbiturate inhibition of cationic pLGICs and allows the rationalization of several structural and functional features previously observed for barbiturates.