gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Chain Cellulose Esters: Preparation, Properties, and Perspective (1998)

Obstacles to the heterogeneous esterification of cellulose with long-chain alkanoic acids were overcome (a) by reacting cellulose in homogeneous phase solution (in DMAc/LiCl) in the presence of dicyclohexyldicarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (PP) or tosyl chloride; or (b) by reaching cellulose heterogeneously, in DMAc-suspension, with anhydrides in the presence of Ti (IV) isopropoxide. Long-chain cellulose esters (LCCEs) were prepared with constant and uniform degree of substitution (DS), and with stoichiometric control. Cellulose ester structure was found to influence solubility, flexural modulus, melt viscosity, thermal transitions, and enzyme recognition. LCCEs showed melt-rheology behaviors that are normally found only in plasticized esters. Melt viscosity and flexural modulus of these internally plasticized cellulose esters were found to be related to the solubility parameter over a broad range of ester-substituents and DS. Practical synthesis of LCCEs is possible leading to melt-processable (uncompounded) thermoplastic polymers on cellulose basis.
The Tunnel Encapsulations OSPF Router Information (2017)

Networks use tunnels for a variety of reasons. A large variety of
tunnel types are defined and the tunnel encapsulator router needs to
select a type of tunnel which is supported by the tunnel decapsulator
router. This document defines how to advertise, in OSPF Router
Information Link State Advertisement (LSAs), the list of tunnel
encapsulations supported by the tunnel decapsulator.
Development of the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) W-Beam to Thrie-Beam Transition Element (2007)

For longitudinal barriers, it is common practice to use a standard W-beam guardrail along the required highway segments and to use a stiffened thrie-beam guardrail in a transition region near the end of a bridge. As a result of the differences in rail geometries, a W-beam-to-thrie-beam transition element is typically used to connect and provide continuity between the two rail sections. However, the W-beam-to-thrie-beam transition element has not been evaluated according to current impact safety standards. Therefore, an approach guardrail transition system, including a W-beam-to-thrie-beam transition element, was constructed and crash tested. The transition system was attached to Missouri's thrie-beam and channel bridge railing system.
Macular lymphocytic arteritis: first clinical presentation with ulcers (2013)

Macular lymphocytic arteritis describes a recently reported entity, clinically characterized by asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules on the lower limbs, without association of systemic diseases. Histopathologically it is characterized by a lymphocytic arteritis with a hyalinized fibrin ring. We report a new case presenting with ulceration, a finding not previously described. A 25‐year‐old Hispanic woman was evaluated for a 1‐year history of a gradually progressive, asymptomatic eruption that begins at level of both knees and progressively affects both legs and feet. She also referred recently appeared ulcers on inner right ankle without previous traumatism. Physical examination revealed multiple fairly well‐defined light brown and faint pink patches with petechiae on as well as retiform crusts and livedoid lesions on inner right ankle. Both types of lesions were biopsied showing lymphocytic arteritis with fibrinoid necrosis and thrombus. There were no relevant laboratory alterations. The clinical peculiarity of our case is the clinical image of the lesions mimicking a pigmented purpuric dermatosis and the presence of a non‐traumatic ulcer which could be explained because chronic lymphocytic damage may cause ischemic damage. Ulceration in our case supports consideration of macular arteritis as a latent form of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.
Heterogeneous technology mapping for area reduction in FPGAs with embedded memory arrays (2000)

It has become clear that large embedded configurable memory arrays will be essential in future field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Embedded arrays provide high-density high-speed implementations of the storage parts of circuits, Unfortunately, they require the FPGA vendor to partition the device into memory and logic resources at manufacture-time. This leads to a waste of chip area for customers that do not use all of the storage provided. This chip area need not be wasted, and can in fact be used very efficiently, if the arrays are configured as multioutput ROMs, and used to implement logic, In this paper, we describe two versions of a new technology mapping algorithm that identifies parts of circuits that can be efficiently mapped to an embedded array and performs this mapping, The first version of the algorithm places no constraints on the depth of the final circuit; on a set of 29 sequential and combinational benchmarks, the tool is able to map, on average, 59.7 4-LUTs into a single 2-Kbit memory array, while increasing the critical path by 7%, The second version of the algorithm places a constraint on the depth of the final circuit; it maps, on average, 56.7 4-LUTs into the same memory array, while increasing the critical path by only 2.3%. This paper also considers the effect of the memory array architecture on the ability of the algorithm to pack logic into memory, It is shown that the algorithm performs best when each array has between 512 and 2048 bits, and has a word width that can be configured as 1, 2, 4, or 8.
RF Performance Projections of Negative-Capacitance FETs: fT , f max, and gmfT/ID (2020)

As continuous development and optimization of negative-capacitance field-effect transistors (NCFETs) are pursued for digital applications, it is also desirable to examine the radio frequency (RF) performance of these devices, especially devices with the metal-ferroelectric- insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) structure. In this article, we use a combination of physics-based modeling and small-signal circuits to investigate the RF performance of MFIS NCFETs using three key device figures of merit: the well-known unity-current-gain (cutoff) frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and the well-known maximum oscillation frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , and another important metric specified by g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> , where g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> is the transconductance and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> is the dc drain current. We find that MFIS NCFETs achieve similar f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> performance to conventional MOSFETs, but offer a significant advantage in g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> .
Ultra-High Temperature (250 $^{\circ }$ C) Bearingless Permanent Magnet Pump for Aggressive Fluids (2017)

Bearingless pumps have been established in applications that demand high purity and reliability. To expand their temperature operation range, careful machine design needs to be critical. High operating temperatures generate mechanical stress upon the dissimilar materials of the motor, such as potting, copper, iron, etc., shortening their lifetime. To guarantee faultless operation, precise knowledge about internal operating temperatures is required. A bearingless motor capable of pumping the highest fluid temperature (250 °C) to our knowledge is presented. Thermal and hydraulic performance are experimentally verified.
An Infrastructure for Gaining Trust in Context Information (2006)

In order to use context information for security decisions it is desired to have confidence that context information really represents the actual context of an entity. Existing context-aware architectures that are able to acquire context information upon request by an application are not capable of gaining this confidence. We propose a new context-aware architecture that embeds a trust evaluation infrastructure to establish a trust relationship to the source of context information and to analyze and assess context information for its plausibility. The trust evaluation infrastructure is generic in the sense that it can be applied to various fields of application since the trust evaluation methods that are tailored to a specific field of application can be added and removed dynamically
Changes in Copeptin and Bioactive Vasopressin in Runners With and Without Hyponatremia (2011)

[Copeptin]p seems to be a reliable surrogate of stimulated [AVP]p during exercise. Nonosmotic vasopressin stimulation occurs during ultradistance running. [Copeptin]p may better reflect chronic (%PV) vasopressin secretion under conditions of endurance exercise.
195 * AORTIC VALVE REPAIR FOR INSUFFICIENCY IN OLDER CHILDREN OFFERS UNPREDICTABLE DURABILITY THAT MAY NOT BE ADVANTAGEOUS OVER PRIMARY ROSS OPERATION (2014)

Objectives: To evaluate the durability of primary aortic valve repair versus Ross procedure or aortic valve replacement (AVR) in children with severe aortic insufficiency (AI). Methods: From 2001 to 2012, 90 children with severe AI underwent repair (n = 46, 51%), Ross (n = 21, 23%) or AVR (n = 23, 26%). Repeated measures (n = 1081 echoes) mixed model analysis was used to evaluate haemodynamic outcomes. Results: Mean age at operation was identical for repair and Ross (11 years), but slightly older for AVR (13 years); however, annular dimensions were similar across the three groups (Fig. 1). Cardiopulmonary bypass times were significantly shorter for repairs versus either Ross or AVR (Fig. 1, P < 0.01). Repairs were initially attempted in 52; 6 switched strategy during surgery to Ross (5) or AVR (1). Partly as a consequence, repairs, therefore, were associated with more multiple bypass runs than primary strategies of Ross or AVR. Need for multiple runs did not influence survival or reoperation. After repair, peak left ventricular outﬂow tract (LVOT) pressure gradients were highly variable (Fig. 1). Some offered reasonable durability with a peak LVOT gradient of ∼50 mmHg at 5–8 years; however, recurrent stenosis was often evident within 2–3 years (Fig. 1). There have been no deaths. Estimated freedom from surgical reoperation is 74%, 100% and 63% at 5 years for repairs, Ross and AVR, respectively (P = 0.05). Four of 5 reoperations after AVR were for failed non-mechanical devices. Conclusion: Durability after aortic valve repair for AI in children is unpredictable and this strategy may offer little benefit over primary Ross.
Observations of the Effect of Water Vapor on the Elevated Temperature Oxidation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Foil (2000)

Abstract The elevated temperature oxidation of 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steels in air is normally characterized by the formation of a protective, external chromium oxide scale. The low growth rate of this layer protects the underlying metal from further oxidation. Laboratory7 testing of thin stainless steel foil specimens demonstrates that the presence of water vapor decreases the time required for breakaway oxidation to occur. Accelerated oxidation begins after the end of an incubation period, the length of which is affected by the amount of water vapor present. Changes in scale microstructure accompany the transition from normal to accelerated oxidation. Rapid oxidation is accompanied by the formation of a thick, duplex scale comprised of a complex inner layer and an iron oxide outer layer.
Field and Modeling Study on Manual and Automatic Irrigation Scheduling under Deficit Irrigation of Greenhouse Cucumber (2020)

The primary goal of all those working in the field of sustainable water management, particularly in the arid and semi-arid zones, is to increase irrigation efficiency, reduce irrigation water losses, and improve water productivity for all crops. This study assessed the automatic irrigation scheduling and irrigation management on the growth, yield, and water productivity of cucumber under greenhouse conditions. A field experiment was conducted using cucumber grown in aplastic greenhouse during the winter of 2017/18 and 2018/19 at the research farm station of the National Research Centre (NRC), El-Noubaria Region, Behaira Governorate, Egypt. In a split-plot experiment, two different methods to control irrigation scheduling (manual control (MC) and automatic control (AC)) were used in the main plots and three deficit irrigation treatments (100% of full irrigation (FI), 80% of FI, and 60% of FI). Through the obtained results, it was found that the use of the automatic control of the irrigation schedule led to an improvement in the productivity and quality characteristics of the cucumber crop. Automatic irrigation control created healthy conditions for the plant roots located under the least water stress. This led to an increase in nitrogen uptake at the ages of 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks after planting in addition to improving the total leaf area and the chlorophyll content of leaves, which consequently had a greater effect on increasing yield and water productivity of cucumber. Although the highest values of cucumber productivity were obtained with irrigation at 100% of FI, there were no significant differences between 100% FI and 80% of FI, therefore it is preferable to irrigate at 80% of FI, and this means saving 20% of irrigation water that can be used to irrigate other areas. The SALTMED model simulating all of the following evaluation criteria performed well for soil moisture content and N-uptake as well as the leaves area, the yield, and water productivity of cucumber for all treatments for the two growing seasons 2017/18 and 2018/19, with the overall R2 of 0.882, 0.903, 0.975, 0.907, and 0.933, respectively.
Kirjastojen vaikuttavuuden arviointi ja mittaaminen - QQML 2014 (2014)

Järjestyksessään kuudes kansainvälinen QQML (Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries) -konferenssi järjestettiin toukokuun viimeisellä viikolla 2014 Istanbulin Kadír Has-yliopistossa Turkissa. Esitelmien abstrakteja voi tarkastella osoitteessa: http://www.isast.org/images/NEO_932_917_923_921_922_927_BOOK_29.05.2014_e-book_version.pdf
Molecular diagnostics of hematological malignancies. (2006)

1. Christopher D Gocke, MD[⇑][1]
 1. is a Visiting Associate Professor of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD


 

1. Address for correspondence: Christopher D Gocke MD, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N Wolfe St / Park SB202, Baltimore MD 21287. (410) 955-8363, (410) 614-7440 (fax). 

Molecular diagnostics is a young discipline, and many of its earliest questions revolved around the diagnosis of hematological malignancies. Could identification of leukemias and lymphomas be aided by analysis of their DNA or RNA? The answer is clearly a resounding “Yes”, and we have moved on from simple diagnostic issues to ones of disease classification, prognosis, selection of therapy, and therapeutic efficacy. Along the way, a variety of methods has been employed, from the practically pre-historic (in molecular biology terms) Southern hybridization (sometimes still done with radioactivity!) to cutting edge gene expression arrays and mass spectroscopy. The availability of these tests, however, has not relieved the laboratory scientist from having to correlate the molecular diagnostic laboratory results with the patient's condition and other laboratory findings. Indeed, the hematology arena—rich in data such as morphology, flow cytometry, and several kinds of cytogenetic tests—is perhaps the best example of the need for a comprehensive, integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment. Of necessity, this review downplays many of the clinical and non-genetic aspects of hematological malignancies available elsewhere.1,2 It focuses on a few of the most common entities (leukemias and lymphomas) illustrative of the variety of testing currently performed and on issues facing the molecular diagnostic laboratory in the near future. The future is likely to be one of increasing laboratory automation and sophistication—commercial kit-based rather than “home brew”, with more extensive gene sequencing and mutation identification, probably incorporating chip technology—until the molecular diagnostic laboratory begins to resemble more closely a contemporary clinical…

ABBREVIATIONS: DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; mRNA = messenger ribonucleic acid; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR = reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

 [1]: #corresp-1
Glasartige Beschichtungen auf keramischen Partikeln über die Sol-Gel-Technik (1998)

Für eine Reihe von Anwendungen ist es von Interesse, die Oberfläche von keramischen Partikeln durch Aufbringen von Glasschichten zu modifizieren. Beispiele sind die Realisierung von Diffusionssperrschichten oder eine gezielte Einstellung der Rauhigkeit, Farbe oder Oberflächenladung von einzelnen Pulverteilchen durch geeignete Glasbeschichtungen. Solche Beschichtungen auf einzelnen Partikeln sind nicht mit makroskopischen Beschichtungsmethoden (wie z.B. Dip-, Spin-, Spraycoating, u.ä.) aufzutragen, sie können jedoch durch Abscheidungsprozesse aus der flüssigen oder gasförmigen Phase realisiert werden. [1-3]. Im vorliegenden Fall wurde zur Herstellung derartiger Beschichtungen der Sprühtrocknungsprozeß [4-7] verwendet. Bei diesem Verfahren können Partikel mit einer Größe im unteren MIkrometerbereich mittels Sprühtrocknen mit einem Sol beschichtet werden. Hierbei wird jedes einzelne Partikel mit einer homogenen und gleichmäßigen Schicht überzogen. Als geeignetes Substrat hierfür kommen Teilchen zwischen 5 und 1000 µm in Betracht. Idealierweise haben die zu beschichteten Partikel Kugelform, jedoch können auch stark von der Kugelform abweichende Substrate, wie z.B. Glimmerpartikel beschichtet werden.
Automated assessment of paraspinal muscle fat composition based on the segmentation of chemical shift encoding-based water/fat-separated images (2018)

Proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) of the paraspinal muscles, derived from chemical shift encoding-based water-fat magnetic resonance imaging, has emerged as an important surrogate biomarker in individuals with intervertebral disc disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia and neuromuscular disorders. However, quantification of paraspinal muscle PDFF is currently limited in clinical routine due to the required time-consuming manual segmentation procedure. The present study aimed to develop an automatic segmentation algorithm of the lumbar paraspinal muscles based on water-fat sequences and compare the performance of this algorithm to ground truth data based on manual segmentation. The algorithm comprised an average shape model, a dual feature model, associating each surface point with a fat and water image appearance feature, and a detection model. Right and left psoas, quadratus lumborum and erector spinae muscles were automatically segmented. Dice coefficients averaged over all six muscle compartments amounted to 0.83 (range 0.75-0.90).
[Testing the protective effectiveness of avirulent vaccines against trichophytosis in cattle]. (1986)

The protective action of live avirulent vaccine against bovine trichophytosis, produced by the Bioveta National Corporation at Ivanovice na Hané, was very good and fully comparable with the earlier vaccine produced from the virulent live culture of Trichophyton verrucosum. Experimental challenge with a massive dose of a virulent strain of T. verrucosum produced only minor surface dermal changes in the calves vaccinated with these vaccines, but these changes spontaneously disappeared in a short time. In the control non-vaccinated calves, large and deep lesions were induced by the challenge, spreading to the neighbouring tissues. Compared with both live biopreparations, the protective effect of inactivated vaccine prepared by the irradiation of virulent vaccine with Co60 was much lower.
SEPARATION OF XYLENE ISOMERS BY PERVAPORATION THROUGH A HIGHLY PERMSELECTIVE POLYMER MEMBRANE HAVING DINITROPHENYL GROUP (1985)

Abstract The separation of xylene isomers was carried out by pervaporation through a polymer membrane having a dinitrophenyl group. The polymer membrane was effective for selective permeation of m-xylene from the mixture of xylene isomers. This selectivity can be attributed to the difference in the charge-transfer complexing ability between xylene isomers and the dinitrophenyl group.
Phase IIa trial of fingolimod for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis demonstrates acceptable acute safety and tolerability (2017)

Fingolimod is safe and well-tolerated and can reduce circulating lymphocytes in ALS patients. Muscle Nerve 56: 1077-1084, 2017.
Heat transfer and fluid flow in laser microwelding (2005)

The evolution of temperature and velocity fields during linear and spot Nd-yttrium aluminum garnet laser microwelding of 304 stainless steel was simulated using a well-tested, three-dimensional, numerical heat transfer and fluid flow model. Dimensional analysis was used to understand both the importance of heat transfer by conduction and convection as well as the roles of various driving forces for convection in the weld pool. Compared with large welds, smaller weld pool size for laser microwelding restricts the liquid velocities, but convection still remains an important mechanism of heat transfer. On the other hand, the allowable range of laser power for laser microwelding is much narrower than that for macrowelding in order to avoid formation of a keyhole and significant contamination of the workpiece by metal vapors and particles. The computed weld dimensions agreed well with the corresponding independent experimental data. It was found that a particular weld attribute, such as the peak temperature or weld penetration, could be obtained via multiple paths involving different sets of welding variables. Linear and spot laser microwelds were compared, showing differences in the temperature and velocity fields, thermal cycles, temperature gradients, solidification rates, and cooling rates. It is shown that the temperature gradient in the liquid adjacent to the mushy zone and average cooling rate between 800 and 500 °C for laser spot microwelding are much higher than those in linear laser microwelding. The results demonstrate that the application of numerical transport phenomena can significantly improve current understanding of both spot and linear laser microwelding.
Fast and Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides Triggered by an “Alliance” of Primary and Secondary Amines at Room Temperature (2015)

A novel highly efficient strategy, based on an "alliance" of primary and secondary amine initiators, was successfully developed allowing the fast and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) at room temperature.
Elektromagnetische Wellen (2011)

In diesem Kapitel tauchen wir erstmals tiefer ein in die Wellennatur des Lichts. Wir werden sehen, dass elektrische Felder sowohl von elektrischen Ladungen als auch von zeitlich sich ändernden magnetischen Feldern erzeugt werden können. Andererseits können magnetische Felder sowohl von elektrischen Strömen als auch von zeitlich sich ändernden elektrischen Feldern erzeugt werden.