gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional cerebral blood flow during light sleep – a H215O‐PET study (2002)

This is the first report on the distribution of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during stage-1 sleep or somnolence. Two hypotheses were tested: (A) that rCBF differed between the awake relaxed state and stage-1 sleep, (B) that hypnagogic hallucinations frequently experienced at sleep onset would be accompanied by measurable changes in rCBF using positron emission tomography (PET). Eight subjects were PET-scanned with (15)O-labeled water injection in three conditions: awake, stage-1 sleep with reportable experiences and stage-1 sleep without reportable experiences. Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed continuously during the experiment. Sleep interviews were performed after each scan. The EEG was scored blindly to determine sleep stage. The sleep interviews revealed a substantial increase in how unrealistic and how leaping the thoughts were during stage-1 sleep. During sleep there was a relative flow increase in the occipital lobes and a relative flow decrease in the bilateral cerebellum, the bilateral posterior parietal cortex, the right premotor cortex and the left thalamus. Hypnagogic experiences seemed not to be associated with any relative flow changes. The topography of the occipital activation during stage-1 sleep supports a hypothesis of this state being a state of imagery. The rCBF decreases in premotor cortex, thalamus and cerebellum could be indicative of a general decline in preparedness for goal directed action during stage-1 sleep. Stage-1 sleep seems more similar to other forms of altered awareness, for example, relaxation meditation than to deeper sleep stages. We are of the opinion that stage-1 sleep represents the dreaming state of wakefulness, while rapid eye movement (REM) sleep reflects the dreaming state of the unaware, sleeping brain.
Effect of Locally Present Cell Characteristics on Osteoinductivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Spinal Fusion (2006)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published January 2006Effect of Locally Present Cell Characteristics on Osteoinductivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Spinal FusionS. Pramanik, B.B. Pradhan, and R.B. DelamarterView all authors and affiliationsVolume 54, Issue 1_supplhttps://doi.org/10.1177/108155890605401S86
Understanding Energy Efficiency and Interference Tolerance in Millimeter Wave Receivers (2021)

Power consumption is a key challenge in millimeter wave (mmWave) receiver front-ends, due to the need to support high dimensional antenna arrays at wide bandwidths. Recently, there has been considerable work in developing low-power front-ends, often based on low-resolution ADCs and low-power mixers. A critical but less studied consequence of such designs is the relatively low-dynamic range which in turn exposes the receiver to adjacent carrier interference and blockers. This paper provides a general mathematical framework for analyzing the performance of mmWave front-ends in the presence of out-of-band interference. The goal is to elucidate the fundamental trade-off of power consumption, interference tolerance and in-band performance. The analysis is combined with detailed network simulations in cellular systems with multiple carriers, as well as detailed circuit simulations of key components at 140 GHz. The analysis reveals critical bottlenecks for low-power interference robustness and suggests designs enhancements for use in practical systems.
Photoinduced processes in copper(II)-crown ether surfactant micelles (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced processes in copper(II)-crown ether surfactant micellesR. Humphry-Baker, Y. Moroi, M. Graetzel, Ezio Pelizzetti, and Pietro TundoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 11, 3689–3692Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00531a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00531a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved shot boundary detection method based on text edges (2005)

Shot boundary detection is a pre-requisite technique for video indexing and retrieval. To avoid the influence of flashlight on abrupt shot detection, many edge-based techniques are studied thoroughly. However, these techniques are still susceptible to miss and mistake detecting the abrupt changes. Our observation shows that one of the reasons for these errors is the existence of superimposed text which has rich edges and is ever presented in video frames. To provide a solution, we present a novel method that utilizes the edge type, text edge (edge in text area) or non-text-edge (edge in other text area), reducing erroneous detection with the appearance of video text. Compared to other edge-based detection techniques, experimental results show that our proposed method achieves preferable performance.
Aerosol Delivery Devices for the Treatment of Adult Patients in Acute and Critical Care (2016)

Aerosolized medications are commonly used for the treatment of patients with pulmonary diseases in acute care. While there are many drug/device combinations available on the market, new devices have been developed in the past few years. Due to differences in their operation, performance and requirements for proper use, it is important to know how to use these aerosol devices effectively during inhalation therapy both in ambulatory and acute settings. However, clinicians focus on the drug formulation and a relatively little effort was made in improving the design of aerosol devices and individualizing inhalation therapy in acute and critically ill patients. Therefore, this paper reviews aerosol devices used for the treatment of patients with an emphasis on acute and critical care.
Influence of tris on contracile responses of isolated rat aorta and portal vein (1978)

The influence of tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris) on the spontaneous mechanical activity (SMA) and agonist-induced contractile responses of rat portal vein and aorta was investigated. Tris, in a concentration-dependent manner (5, 10, and 30 mM), significantly increased frequency and attenuated amplitude of SMA in portal vein. Tris, in all concentrations, abolished spontaneous activity of aorta. Tris (5 mM) attenuated epinephrine-, angiotensin-, and potassium-induced contractile responses in portal vein and in aorta: the vein responses exhibited the greater sensitivity to Tris inhibition. In the presence of Tris, agonist dose-response curves were shifted to the right, concomitant with a reduction in maximum tension in portal vein. In contrast, in aorta, only a rightward shift of the dose-response curves was observed, withour any change in maximum tensions in the presence of Tri. Tris (5 mM) depressed contractions induced by calcium in potassium-depolarized aortic and venous smooth muscle. These results suggest that Tris may interfere with the binding, translocation, and utilization of calcium ions at or beyond the membrane in venous smooth muscle and at the membrane in aortic smooth muscle.
Improvement of Formability in Cold Rolling of Hot Band for Over 980 MPa Grade High Tensile Strength Steel Sheet (2014)

To produce high tensile strength steel sheets in cold rolling with good thickness accuracy, it is important to supply material hot bands without harmful fluctuations in their deformation resistance. For the purpose, it is effective to set a high coiling temperature in the hot rolling stage.On the other hand, it is well known that the surfaces of steel sheets easily form oxide at a high temperature in the case of steel grade which contains Si and Mn in its chemical composition. To avoid the formation of oxide, it is necessary to set a low coiling temperature in the hot rolling stage.By the conventional hot rolling conditions, it is difficult to satisfy conditions both to get uniform formability in cold rolling and to prevent the surface of hot strips from forming internal oxidation zone.This report describes the improvement on the mechanical property without harmful internal oxidation zone of hot strips by the proper heat histories in manufacturing the hot rolled 0.17C-1.3Si-2.0Mn high tensile steel sheet.
Hydrosilated Dendritic Networks of POSS Cores and Diacetylene Linkers (2009)

Inorganic−organic hybrid dendritic networks containing POSS cores were constructed using two different vinyl-terminated diacetylene linker ligands via hydrosilylation reactions. FT-IR and DSC evaluations of the thermal polymerization of the diacetylene ligands indicated that such polymerizations occurred via a diradical mechanism in both long-range ordered and short-range ordered regimes at ∼110 °C and ∼310 °C, respectively, within the networks. The networks were further characterized by solid-state 13C and 29Si CPMAS NMR measurements. The hydrosilated networks possess exceptional thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities, with the degradation temperature of one being 485 °C in N2 and 400 °C in air. The glass transition temperatures of the networks were found to be between 40 and 60 °C by rheological measurements. Rheological properties of the networks were examined as a function of the degree of diacetylene polymerization.
Influence of flanking sequences on variability in expression levels of an introduced gene in transgenic tobacco plants (1988)

The petunia rbcS gene SSU301 was introduced into tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The time at which rbcS expression was maximal after transfer of the tobacco plants to the greenhouse was determined. The expression level of the SSU301 gene varied up to 9 fold between individual tobacco plants which had been standardized physiologically as much as possible. The presence of adjacent pUC plasmid sequences did not affect the expression of the SSU301 gene. In an attempt to reduce the between-transformant variability in expression, the SSU301 gene was introduced into tobacco surrounded by 10kb of 5' and 13 kb of 3' DNA sequences which normally flank SSU301 in petunia. The longer flanking regions did not reduce the between-transformant variability of SSU301 gene expression.
Correction: Corrigendum: The NAC transcription factor ANAC046 is a positive regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in Arabidopsis leaves (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 23609; published online: 29 March 2016; updated: 19 October 2016
Engineering 2-photon optical data storage systems (2002)

Two-photon 3-D memories are similar to multilayer optical disk systems with the potential for simple media fabrication, many layers, parallel access for high data transfer rates, and low raw bit error rates (BER). Orthogonal intersection of the writing beams may be used, or if ultra-short (e.g. <100 femtosecond) pulses are used, a counter-propagating arrangement is feasible. While single bits may be stored and recalled, parallel access of lines or planes of data is naturally accommodated in two-photon 3-D memories, to provide increased data transfer rates. Due to diffraction of the addressing beam as it propagates across the data image, there exists a tradeoff between the volumetric density of the memory and the parallelism, or data transfer rate. We have performed a variety of 3-D memory experiments to demonstrate writing, reading, and erasure, and recently we have begun system-level characterization experiments to evaluate this technology's practical potential. The progression of this evaluation has proceeded from the demonstration of multilayer recording of "noisy" images, to the qualitative improvement of those images to the point at which more quantitative techniques are needed to measure the performance of the media, recording, and reading systems.
Optical Transmitter Diversity With Phase-Division in Bit-Time (2022)

The application of free-space optical communication systems in satellite applications has gained increasing attention in recent years. Their high data rates and comparably low size, weight and power requirements make them an attractive solution to increase data throughput in a number of applications, such as for optical GEO feeder links with throughputs beyond 1 Tbit/s. In order to use free-space optical links in such application scenarios, a number of challenges must be overcome, such as link-blockage by clouds and, most importantly, impairments due to atmospheric turbulence. Transmitter diversity makes use of the fact that a spatial separation of about 1 m between two transmitters is sufficient to achieve decorrelated channels. When the transmitted signals are combined on receiver side, a diversity gain can be observed. However, typical transmitter diversity systems make use of different wavelengths to separate the diversity channels in order to avoid interference among those channels. This leads to increased system complexity and is bandwidth inefficient. The transmitter diversity scheme Phase-Division in Bit-Time is a novel concept to avoid interference among multiple channels by adding an additional phase modulation on transmitter side in a free-space optical communication system with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). It enables using the same wavelength and even the same laser source for multiple transmitters. Furthermore, it is similar to Alamouti&#x0027;s scheme known in RF communication systems, but does not require channel state information.
Quantitative dot blot analysis (QDB), a versatile high throughput immunoblot method (2017)

Lacking access to an affordable method of high throughput immunoblot analysis for daily use remains a big challenge for scientists worldwide. We proposed here Quantitative Dot Blot analysis (QDB) to meet this demand. With the defined linear range, QDB analysis fundamentally transforms traditional immunoblot method into a true quantitative assay. Its convenience in analyzing large number of samples also enables bench scientists to examine protein expression levels from multiple parameters. In addition, the small amount of sample lysates needed for analysis means significant saving in research sources and efforts. This method was evaluated at both cellular and tissue levels with unexpected observations otherwise would be hard to achieve using conventional immunoblot methods like Western blot analysis. Using QDB technique, we were able to observed an age-dependent significant alteration of CAPG protein expression level in TRAMP mice. We believe that the adoption of QDB analysis would have immediate impact on biological and biomedical research to provide much needed high-throughput information at protein level in this "Big Data" era.
Integrating reliability into the design of fault-tolerant power electronics systems (2008)

This paper presents a methodology for integrating reliability considerations into the performance analysis carried out during the design of fault-tolerant power converters. The methodology relies on using a state-space representation of the power converter, based on averaging, similar to the ones used when analyzing linear time-invariant systems, and assumes an unknown-but-bounded uncertainty model for the converter uncontrolled inputs, such as load or variations in input voltage. The converter must be designed such that, for any uncontrolled input, the state variables remain within a region of the state space defined by performance requirements, e.g., output voltage tolerance or switch ratings. In the presence of component faults, and depending on the uncontrolled inputs, the converter may or may not meet performance requirements. Given the uncertain nature of these uncontrolled inputs, and for each particular fault, we introduce an analytical method to compute the probability that the performance requirements are met, which will define the reliability of the converter for each particular fault. By including these probabilities in a Markov reliability model, it is possible to obtain the overall converter reliability. The application of the methodology is illustrated with a case study of a fault-tolerant interleaved buck converter.
The Global Workspace Theory: A Step Towards Artificial General Intelligence (2023)

Global Workspace Theory (GWT) and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) are two concepts in cognitive science and Artificial Intelligence, respectively. This paper discusses the possibility of achieving AGI using a deep learning implementation of GWT. The shared latent space for GWT is trained using the latent spaces of the connected deep learning modules. This implementation aims to enhance the performance of specialized models in their specified tasks and achieve more general functions from single-task/specialized modules. The paper also discusses the possible applications of this implementation in healthcare.
Language Independent Text Correction using Finite State Automata. (2008)

Many natural language applications, like machine translation and information extraction, are required to operate on text with spelling errors. Those spelling mistakes have to be corrected automatically to avoid deteriorating the performance of such applications. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for automatic correction of spelling mistakes by deploying finite state automata to propose candidates corrections within a specified edit distance from the misspelled word. After choosing candidate corrections, a language model is used to assign scores the candidate corrections and choose best correction in the given context. The proposed approach is language independent and requires only a dictionary and text data for building a language model. The approach have been tested on both Arabic and English text and achieved accuracy of 89%.
Distribution and Determinants of 90-Day Payments for Multilevel Posterior Lumbar Fusion (2018)

Level 3.
Metal-insulator-metal tunneling diode using vertical metal cylinder structure (2017)

Metal-Insulator-Metal(MIM) tunneling diodes have been studied to enhance the efficiency of rectifying. To improve the electrical characteristics of the device, the structural geometry and the material effect of MIM diodes have been studied. Metal cylinder structure which has nano-scale geometry induced asymmetrical tunneling probability compare with flat metal electrode and it resulted in increased the rectifying efficiency. In addition, the optimization of material selection has been done to increase the efficiency more.
Chapter 105. Craniofacial Disorders Affecting the Dentition: Genetic (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Genetic Disorders Affecting the Dentition Oral Manifestations of Metabolic Bone Diseases of Genetic Origin
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Normal and Pseudo 2‐Formylbenzenesulfonyl Chlorides with Amines: Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Structure of 2‐ Formyl benzenesulfonamides in Solid, Solution and Gas Phases. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Demonstration of Kramers-Kronig Detection of Four 20-Gbaud 16-QAM Channels after 50-km Transmission Using Kerr Combs to Perform Shared Phase Estimation (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate KK detection of four 20-Gbaud 16-QAM channels after 50-km transmission using two soliton Kerr combs at transmitter and receiver. The frequency comb coherence enables a shared phase noise estimation among rnultiple channels. © 2019 The Author(s)
Online Petitioning Through Data Exploration and What We Found There: A\n Dataset of Petitions from Avaaz.org (2018)

The Internet has become a fundamental resource for activism as it facilitates\npolitical mobilization at a global scale. Petition platforms are a clear\nexample of how thousands of people around the world can contribute to social\nchange. Avaaz.org, with a presence in over 200 countries, is one of the most\npopular of this type. However, little research has focused on this platform,\nprobably due to a lack of available data.\n In this work we retrieved more than 350K petitions, standardized their field\nvalues, and added new information using language detection and named-entity\nrecognition. To motivate future research with this unique repository of global\nprotest, we present a first exploration of the dataset. In particular, we\nexamine how social media campaigning is related to the success of petitions, as\nwell as some geographic and linguistic findings about the worldwide community\nof Avaaz.org. We conclude with example research questions that could be\naddressed with our dataset.\n
A new reagent for surface treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene (1996)

Solutions of solvated electrons in the presence of magnesium offer many advantages for the surface treatment of PTFE when compared to the classical solutions of solvated electrons in the presence of alkalis: the polymer remains white instead of black, its surface is not destroyed and presents a controlled hydrophilic character.
Microelectrode study of intracellular pH in frog skin: dependence on serosal Cl/sup -/ (1986)

Replacing external Cl/sup -/ reduces Na/sup +/ transport across frog skin, but the sidedness and mechanisms have been unclear. We have monitored current (l/sub T/), resistance (R/sub T/) and basolateral membrane potential, both with reference micropipettes (psi/sup sc/) and pH-selective microelectrodes (E/sub H//sup sc/), in short-circuited epithelial sheets isolated from frog skins; removal of the dermis facilitates basolateral exchange. Intracellular pH was 7.25 +- 0.03 (mean +- SE) when the pH of the external Cl/sup -/ Ringer's solution was 7.60 +- 0.01, in reasonable agreement with estimates from /sup 31/P and /sup 19/F NMR analyses. Complete mucosal replacement of Cl/sup -/ by gluconate had variable effects on l/sub T/ and R/sub T/. However, serosal Cl/sup -/ substitution uniformly increased R/sub T/ and markedly decreased l/sub T/, absolute value phi/sup sc/ and absolute value E/sub A//sup sc/. The membrane depolarization was usually preceded by a small hyperpolarization (0.5-3.5 mV). The serosal Cl/sup -/ replacement also produced an intracellular alkalinization of 0.4 +- 0.1 U. These data suggest that: (1) serosal Cl/sup -/ substitution alkalinizes the cells by either enhancing HCO/sup -/ entry or blocking HCO/sup -/ loss through a basolateral Cl/HCO antiport, and (2) the fall in absolute value phi/sup sc/more » and l/sub T/ may partly reflect inhibition of apical Na/sup +/ entry, produced indirectly by membrane depolarization resulting from altered basolateral ionic conductances.« less