gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of 1T-MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanoflowers Using Hydrothermal Method (2021)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is one of the promising 2D materials thanks to its outstanding physicochemical properties and therefore is predicted to play a key role in optoelectronics devices and energy applications. MoS 2 exhibits three phases with distinctive crystal structure depending on its stacking order: 1T (metallic), 2H (semiconducting), and 3R (semiconducting). Among all of them, 1T-MoS 2 has become the center of interest due to its e.g., high catalytic activity. However, most of the methods to obtain 1T-MoS 2 are complex and costly, for example strain engineering, electron beam treatment, and plasmonic hot electron injection. As response, we here demonstrate a facile and cost-efficient hydrothermal route at 200 °C to synthesize MoS 2 with high content of 1T phase. MoS 2 -200 °C nanoflowers has an average diameter of 2.96 µm with the S/Mo atomic ratio of 1.50 and the band gap of 1.39 eV. It has an additional diffraction peak at 2θ = 9.22 o , indicating the transformation of semiconducting 2H into metallic 1T. Higher concentration of 1T phase in MoS 2 -200 °C is also indicated by high intensity of the E 1g Raman peak.
Design of a 64-bit, 100 MIPS microprocessor core IC for hybrid CMOS-SEED technology (2002)

We describe the design of a hybrid CMOS-SEED 64-bit microprocessor core IC with 192 optical I/Os. This 3.5 mm/sup 2/ IC was fabricated and electrically tested at 100 MHz with a performance of 100 million 64-bit instructions per second (MIPS). The processor design includes a 64-bit arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) which implements 16 logic and 32 fixed-point arithmetic functions. A 1 cm/sup 2/ chip can integrate thirty two 64-bit processors and achieve 3,200 64-bit MIPS. Further performance improvements can be achieved using improved processor architecture and/or a more advanced CMOS process. When combined with an appropriate photonic page buffer IC operating as a cache memory, it becomes possible to build a compact, two-chip parallel processor system.
Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells In Vivo: Teratoma Formation (2011)

Human pluripotent cells (hPSCs) are known for their capability of ­differentiating into cell types representative of the three embryonic germ layers. The pluripotency of both mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was demonstrated by their capability of contributing to tissue development, including germ cells, after injection into embryos during chimera formation. However, for ethical reasons, this ultimate test of pluripotency cannot be used for hPSCs. Thus, teratoma formation remains one of the most powerful assays for testing hPSC differentiation capabilities. After their injection into several sites in vivo, such as the hindlimb muscle and under the kidney or testis capsule, of severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice, iPSCs form nonmalignant tumors that contain differentiated cells and tissue formation. In some cases, combinations of cells originating from different germ layers are formed within these teratoma ­tissues. This chapter focuses on teratoma formation and the tissues that can be indentified within them.
Figure S4 from Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig S4 describes synergy plots in Hs 766T cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Additively Manufactured Semiflexible Titanium Lattices as Hydrogel Reinforcement for Biomedical Implants (2020)

Hydrogels are one of the most widespread biomaterials used in tissue engineering. However, they possess weak mechanical properties and are often unstable in load‐bearing applications in vivo. A novel class of flexible Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy lattices manufactured using laser powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) serves as a tunable reinforcement for hydrogels, providing them with additional mechanical stability and flexibility, while ensuring biocompatibility. A study on the design parameters of the structural elements of the lattices is performed to evaluate their influence on the mechanical properties of the structure. Mechanical testing of Ti–6Al–4V lattices shows a compressive modulus ranging from 38.9 to 895.5 kPa in the flexible direction. In the other two directions, the lattices are designed to have minimal flexibility. Lattices embedded in a 1% agarose hydrogel show a strain‐rate‐dependent, viscoelastic behavior given by the hydrogel component with the additional stiffness of the titanium lattice. Stress distribution upon loading is simulated using finite element analysis (FEA) and compared to experimental data using multiple regression statistical analysis. As a proof of concept, an intervertebral spinal disc implant is designed with mechanical properties matching the compressive moduli of the nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus reported in the literature.
Complex Small‐Molecule Architectures Regulate Phenotypic Plasticity in a Nematode (2012)

Aus modifizierten Bausteinen des Primärmetabolismus, darunter auch ein ungewöhnliches Xylopyranose-Nucleosid (siehe Schema), baut der Nematode Pristionchus pacificus niedermolekulare Substanzen auf, die als Signalmoleküle die Entwicklung und Elastizität des adulten Phänotyps lenken. Sie sind Beispiele für die modulare Erzeugung struktureller Diversität in Metazoen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Loss of the Mouse Ortholog of the Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Gene (Sbds) Results in Early Embryonic Lethality (2006)

Mutations in SBDS are responsible for Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), a disorder with clinical features of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow failure, and skeletal abnormalities. SBDS is a highly conserved protein whose function remains largely unknown. We identified and investigated the expression pattern of the murine ortholog. Variation in levels was observed, but Sbds was found to be expressed in all embryonic stages and most adult tissues. Higher expression levels were associated with rapid proliferation. A targeted disruption of Sbds was generated in order to understand the consequences of its loss in an in vivo model. Consistent with recessive disease inheritance for SDS, Sbds(+/-) mice have normal phenotypes, indistinguishable from those of their wild-type littermates. However, the development of Sbds(-/-) embryos arrests prior to embryonic day 6.5, with muted epiblast formation leading to early lethality. This finding is consistent with the absence of patients who are homozygous for early truncating mutations. Sbds is an essential gene for early mammalian development, with an expression pattern consistent with a critical role in cell proliferation.
Lowest Density MDS Array Codes for Reliable Smart Meter Networks (2013)

In this paper we introduce a lowest density MDS array code which is applied to a Smart Meter network to introduce reliability. By treating the network as distributed storage with multiple sources, information can be exchanged between the nodes in the network allowing each node to store parity symbols relating to data from other nodes. A lowest density MDS array code is then applied to make the network robust against outages, ensuring low overhead and data transfers. We show the minimum amount of overhead required to be able to recover from r node erasures in an n node network and explicitly design an optimal array code with lowest density. In contrast to existing codes, this one has no restrictions on the number of nodes or erasures it can correct. Furthermore we consider incomplete networks where all nodes are not connected to each other. This limits the exchange of data for purposes of redundancy and we derive conditions on the minimum node degree that allow lowest density MDS codes to exist. We also present an explicit code design for incomplete networks that is capable of correcting two node failures.
Selective Removal of Photoreceptor Cells In Vivo Using the Biodegradable Elastomer Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) (2009)

Retinal transplantation experiments have advanced considerably during recent years, but remaining diseased photoreceptor cells in the host retina physically obstruct the development of graft–host neuronal contacts that are required for vision. We here report selective removal of photoreceptors using the biodegradable elastomer poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS). A 1 × 3 mm PGS membrane was implanted in the subretinal space of normal rabbit eyes, and morphologic specimens were examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining and a panel of immunohistochemical markers. Seven days postoperatively, a patent separation of the neuroretina and retinal pigment epithelium was found as well as loss of several rows of photoreceptors in combination with massive terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining for apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer. After 28 days, the neuroretina was reattached, the PGS membrane had degraded, and photoreceptors were absent in the implantation area. Activated Müller cells were found in the entire retina in 7-day specimens, and in the implantation area after 28 days. AII amacrine and rod bipolar cell morphology was not affected, except for disrupted dendritic branching, which was present in rod bipolar cells in 28-day specimens. We conclude that retinal detachment induced by the biodegradable PGS membrane creates a permissive environment in which graft–host neuronal connections may be facilitated in future retinal transplantation experiments.
CD4+ T Cell Depletion in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Role of Apoptosis (2011)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is principally a mucosal disease and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the major site of HIV replication. Loss of CD4+ T cells and systemic immune hyperactivation are the hallmarks of HIV infection. The end of acute infection is associated with the emergence of specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and the establishment of a chronic phase of infection. Abnormal levels of immune activation and inflammation persist despite a low steady state level of viremia. Although the causes of persistent immune hyperactivation remain incompletely characterized, physiological alterations of gastrointestinal tract probably play a major role. Failure to restore Th17 cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) might impair the recovery of the gut mucosal barrier. This review discusses recent advances on understanding the contribution of CD4+ T cell depletion to HIV pathogenesis.
On Using Learning Curves to Evaluate ITS (2005)

Measuring the efficacy of ITS can be hard because there are many&#13;\nconfounding factors: short, well-isolated studies suffer from insufficient interaction&#13;\nwith the system, while longer studies may be affected by the students’ other learning&#13;\nactivities. Coarse measurements such as pre- and post-testing are often inconclusive.&#13;\nLearning curves are an alternative tool: slope and fit of learning curves show the rate&#13;\nat which the student learns, and reveal how well the system model fits what the&#13;\nstudent is learning. The downside is that they are extremely sensitive to changes in&#13;\nthe system’s setup, which arguably makes them useless for comparing different&#13;\ntutors. We describe these problems in detail and our experiences with them. We also&#13;\nsuggest some other ways of using learning curves that may be more useful for&#13;\nmaking such comparisons.
Role of shear stress and stretch in vascular mechanobiology (2011)

Blood vessels are under constant mechanical loading from blood pressure and flow which cause internal stresses (endothelial shear stress and circumferential wall stress, respectively). The mechanical forces not only cause morphological changes of endothelium and blood vessel wall, but also trigger biochemical and biological events. There is considerable evidence that physiologic stresses and strains (stretch) exert vasoprotective roles via nitric oxide and provide a homeostatic oxidative balance. A perturbation of tissue stresses and strains can disturb biochemical homeostasis and lead to vascular remodelling and possible dysfunction (e.g. altered vasorelaxation, tone, stiffness, etc.). These distinct biological endpoints are caused by some common biochemical pathways. The focus of this brief review is to point out some possible commonalities in the molecular pathways in response to endothelial shear stress and circumferential wall stretch.
Electrolytic Conditioning of a Magnesium Aluminum Chloride Complex for Reversible Magnesium Deposition (2014)

We describe in this report the electrochemistry of Mg deposition and dissolution from the magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC). The results define the requirements for reversible Mg deposition and definitively establish that voltammetric cycling of the electrolyte significantly alters its composition and performance. Elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) results demonstrate that irreversible Mg and Al deposits form during early cycles. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data show that inhibitory oligomers develop in THF-based solutions. These oligomers form via the well-established mechanism of a cationic ring-opening polymerization of THF during the initial synthesis of the MACC and under resting conditions. In contrast, MACC solutions in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), an acyclic solvent, do not evolve as dramatically at open circuit potential. From these results, we propose a mechanism describing how the conditioning process of the MACC in THF improves its performance by both tuning the Mg:Al stoichiometry and eliminating oligomers.
Cyclic Tungstoselenites Based on {Se2W12} Units (2014)

The reaction of Na2WO4 and SeO2 under moderately acidic conditions yielded a novel 39-tungsto-6-selenite, [(Se2W12O46(WO(H2O))3](24-) (1), isolated as Na24[H6Se6W39O144]·74H2O. The macrocyclic polyanion consists of three {Se2W12} fragments connected via three trans-{WO(H2O)}(4+) groups. The same {Se2W12} building block is present in the structure of [(Se2W12O46)2{Mn2Cl(H2O)2}{Mn(H2O)2}2(SeO)2](13-) (2), which was obtained from the same reagents in the presence of MnCl2. The compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, (77)Se NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy.
Bendamustine in Combination With Rituximab for Previously Untreated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Multicenter Phase II Trial of the German Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group (2012)

Chemoimmunotherapy with BR is effective and safe in patients with previously untreated CLL.
Automotive Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar Interference Reduction Using Per-Vehicle Chirp Sequences (2018)

Recently, many automobiles adopt radar sensors to support advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) functions. As the number of vehicles with radar systems increases the probability of radar signal interference and the accompanying ghost target problems become serious. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm where we deploy per-vehicle chirp sequence in a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to mitigate the vehicle-to-vehicle radar interference. We devise a chirp sequence set so that the slope of each vehicle's chirp sequence does not overlap within the set. By assigning one of the chirp sequences to each vehicle, we mitigate the interference from the radar signals transmitted by the neighboring vehicles. We confirm the performance of the proposed method stochastically by computer simulation. The simulation results show that the detection and false alarm performance is improved significantly by the proposed method.
WS-AMUSE - web service architecture for multimedia services (2008)

Recently, a move from traditional, network specific multimedia services to IP-based solutions could be observed. Although many of these applications have similar requirements and address the same issues, individual solutions based on specialized protocols are commonly used. This specialization prohibits the extraction and reuse of common services and hinders the interoperability between services and the integration with external components.
Automatic Compliance of Privacy Policies in Federated Digital Identity Management (2008)

Privacy [4] in the digital world is an important problem which is becoming even more pressing as new collaborative applications are developed. The lack of privacy preserving mechanisms is particularly problematic in federated identity management contexts. In such a context, users can seamlessly interact with a variety of federated web services, through the use of single-sign-on mechanisms and the capability of sharing personal data among these web services. We argue that comprehensive privacy policies should be stated by federated service providers and proactively checked by these providers, before disclosing users' data to federated partners. To address such requirements, we introduce mechanisms and algorithms for policy compliance checking between federated service providers, based on an innovative policy subsumption approach. We formally introduce and analyze our approach.
Gonadotropin Binding and Aromatase Activity in Granulosa Cells of Young Proestrous and Old Constant Estrous Rats1 (1979)

study was designed to determine whether chronic anovulation in old constant estrous rats
Synthesis of Substituted Oxindoles from α‐Chloroacetanilides via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrical Conduction in Canine Pulmonary Veins (2002)

Zones of activation delay were observed in canine pulmonary veins and correlated with abrupt changes in fascicle orientation. This architecture of muscular sleeves in the pulmonary veins may facilitate reentry and arrhythmias associated with ectopic activity.
A gas micromechanical sensor based on surface plasmons resonance (2008)

This paper describes a new concept related to the micromechanical sensors for detecting the presence and concentration of chemical substances and/or biological organisms. We believe that this concept allow for a low cost and ease of fabrication of a large bi-dimensional array of sensors with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. A bi-dimensional array of micro-cantilever coated with different types of sensing layer enables to identify a characteristic chemical composition of the gas in real-time mode. The selective molecular absorption by cantilever sensing layer will produce cantilever bending proportional to the concentration of molecules. To increase the gas sensor sensitivity, the SPR phenomenon is used for cantilever deflection monitoring.
Binary electrokinetic separation of target DNA from background DNA primers. (2005)

This report contains the summary of LDRD project 91312, titled ''Binary Electrokinetic Separation of Target DNA from Background DNA Primers''. This work is the first product of a collaboration with Columbia University and the Northeast BioDefense Center of Excellence. In conjunction with Ian Lipkin's lab, we are developing a technique to reduce false positive events, due to the detection of unhybridized reporter molecules, in a sensitive and multiplexed detection scheme for nucleic acids developed by the Lipkin lab. This is the most significant problem in the operation of their capability. As they are developing the tools for rapidly detecting the entire panel of hemorrhagic fevers this technology will immediately serve an important national need. The goal of this work was to attempt to separate nucleic acid from a preprocessed sample. We demonstrated the preconcentration of kilobase-pair length double-stranded DNA targets, and observed little preconcentration of 60 base-pair length single-stranded DNA probes. These objectives were accomplished in microdevice formats that are compatible with larger detection systems for sample pre-processing. Combined with Columbia's expertise, this technology would enable a unique, fast, and potentially compact method for detecting/identifying genetically-modified organisms and multiplexed rapid nucleic acid identification. Another competing approach is the DARPA funded IRIS Pharmaceutical TIGER platform which requires many hours for operation, and an 800k$ piece of equipment that fills a room. The Columbia/SNL system could provide a result in 30 minutes, at the cost of a few thousand dollars for the platform, and would be the size of a shoebox or smaller.
Capillary zone electrophoresis separation and laser‐based detection of both fluorescein thiohydantoin and dimethylaminoazobenzene thiohydantoin derivatives of amino acids (1990)

Capillary zone electrophoresis is employed for the separation and analysis of both fluorescein thiohydantoin and dimethylaminoazobenzene thiohydantoin derivatives of amino acids. Detection of minute amounts of these amino acid derivatives is an important milestone in the development of a high sensitivity protein sequencer. Current detection limits for the fluorescein derivative is on the order of 10(-21) moles whereas detection limits for the dimethylaminoazobenzene derivative is on the order of 10(-16) moles.
Effects of long‐term strontium ranelate treatment on the risk of nonvertebral and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis: Results of a five‐year, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (2008)

Our findings indicate that treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with strontium ranelate results in a sustained reduction in the incidence of osteoporotic nonvertebral fractures, including hip fractures, and vertebral fractures over 5 years.
Pentadecamer-Binding Proteins: Definition of Two Independent Protein-Binding Sites Needed for Functional Activity (1995)

The SP6 kappa-promoter pentadecamer (pd) element was found to be unable to stimulate transcription when present in one copy as the only promoter element in a minimal promoter but showed weak stimulatory activity when present as a multimer (four copies). One copy of the pd element acted synergistically with an octamer element, but not with a SP1 site, to stimulate transcription. The effect was orientation dependent with regard to the pd element. Gel shift analysis showed that pd-binding proteins were expressed in transformed as well as nontransformed B lymphocytes, irregardless of their differentiation stage, and in HeLa cells. Two major complexes, binding to different sites within the pd element, were observed in gel shifts. A low-molecular-weight form dominated in resting cells, while a higher-molecular-weight form appeared after mitogenic stimulation. Southwestern analysis showed that the low-molecular-weight pd-binding protein had a molecular mass of 35 kDa, which was confirmed by fractionation by denaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular sieving. The higher-molecular-weight complex was sensitive to detergent treatment, while the low-molecular-weight complex was not. Mutation analysis showed that the two pd-binding complexes interacted with distinct sites within the element and that dual occupancy was required for functional activity. The functional synergy between the pd element and the octamer was more pronounced in plasmacytomas than in B-cell lymphomas.
Intense ultraviolet upconversion emission from water-dispersed colloidal YF3:Yb3+/Tm3+rhombic nanodisks (2013)

Intense ultraviolet upconversion emission has been observed in water-dispersed uniform rhombic nanodisks (side length of ~14 nm and thickness of ~2.5 nm) of YF3 co-doped with Yb(3+) sensitizer and Tm(3+) activator ions, when excited at ~980 nm.