gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of NO2 and H2O on soot generated in the laboratory: a diffusion tube study at ambient temperature (2000)

In this work we have obtained the kinetic parameters and the product spectrum of NO2 and H2O separately interacting with soot samples in terms of surface residence times τs of the interacting molecules and uptake rate constant expressed as uptake coefficients (γ). The NO2 interaction on soot from either a decane or a toluene flame results in HONO as the main product in contrast to acetylene soot. NO was observed to be a minor product for all soot substrates investigated. Residence times up to 70 ms for NO2 interacting with acetylene soot and up to 50 ms with decane and toluene soot were obtained as well as initial uptake coefficients γ0MC ranging from 0.26 for NO2 on acetylene soot to an average value of 0.1 for NO2 on decane and toluene soot. All experiments were subject to significant saturation at typical doses of 1015 molecules. A Monte-Carlo (MC) trajectory model was applied to extract τs and γ0MC values, as well as the average number of adsorption sites ns. The interaction of NO2 with toluene and decane soot was modeled using a simple MC-model using a single adsorption site, whereas acetylene soot required a two-site model. For the interaction of H2O on soot, a residence time τs ranging from 0.1 ms on decane soot to 5 ms for acetylene soot has been determined using the single-reaction-site MC-model with τs values between 2 and 3 ms for toluene and diesel soot, respectively. For H2O an upper limit for the uptake coefficient γ0MC of 2 × 10−3 has been measured for all soot samples.
Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after single dose intravenous and oral administration to alpacas (2009)

Voriconazole is a new antifungal drug that has shown effectiveness in treating serious fungal infections and has the potential for being used in large animal veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of voriconazole after single-dose intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration to alpacas. Four alpacas were treated with single 4 mg/kg i.v. and oral administrations of voriconazole. Plasma voriconazole concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. The terminal half-lives following i.v. and oral administration were 8.01 +/- 2.88 and 8.75 +/- 4.31 h, respectively; observed maximum plasma concentrations were 5.93 +/- 1.13 and 1.70 +/- 2.71 microg/mL, respectively; and areas under the plasma concentration vs. time curve were 38.5 +/- 11.1 and 9.48 +/- 6.98 mg.h/L, respectively. The apparent systemic oral availability was low with a value of 22.7 +/- 9.5%. The drug plasma concentrations remained above 0.1 microg/mL for at least 24 h after single i.v. dosing. The i.v. administration of 4 mg/kg/day voriconazole may be a safe and appropriate option for antifungal treatment of alpacas. Due to the low extent of absorption in alpacas, oral voriconazole doses of 20.4 to 33.9 mg/kg/day may be needed.
Selective Photoexcitation of Finite-Momentum Excitons in Monolayer MoS2 by Twisted Light (2021)

Twisted light carries a well-defined orbital angular momentum (OAM) of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>l</mml:mi><mml:mi>ℏ</mml:mi></mml:math> per photon. The quantum number <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:math> of its OAM can be arbitrarily set, making it an excellent light source to realize high-dimensional quantum entanglement and ultrawide bandwidth optical communication structures. In spite of its interesting properties, twisted light interaction with solid state materials, particularly two-dimensional materials, is yet to be extensively studied <i>via</i> experiments. In this work, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), a material with ultrastrong light-matter interaction due to reduced dimensionality, are carried out under photoexcitation of twisted light. It is observed that the measured spectral peak energy increases for every increment of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:math> of the incident light. The nonlinear <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:math>-dependence of the spectral blue shifts is well accounted for by the analysis and computational simulation of this work. More excitingly, the twisted light excitation revealed the unusual lightlike exciton band dispersion of valley excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. This linear exciton band dispersion is predicted by previous theoretical studies and evidenced <i>via</i> this work's experimental setup.
Design space optimization of embedded memory systems via data remapping (2002)

In this paper, we provide a novel compile-time data remapping algorithm that runs in linear time. This remapping algorithm is the first fully automatic approach applicable to pointer-intensive dynamic applications. We show that data remapping can be used to significantly reduce the energy consumed as well as the memory size needed to meet a user-specified performance goal (i.e., execution time) -- relative to the same application executing without being remapped. These twin advantages afforded by a remapped program -- reduced cache size and energy needs -- constitute a key step in a framework for design space exploration: for any given performance goal, remapping allows the user to reduce the primary and secondary cache size by 50%, yielding a concomitant energy savings of 57%. Additionally, viewed as a compiler optimization for a fixed processor, we show that remapping improves the energy consumed by the cache subsystem by 25%. All of the above savings are in the context of the cache subsystem in isolation. We also show that remapping yields an average 20% energy saving for an ARM-like processor and cache subsystem. All of our improvements are achieved in the context of DIS, O lden and SPEC2000 pointer-centric benchmarks.
Picosecond dynamics of optical gain switching in vertical cavity emitting lasers (1991)

It is demonstrated that optically gain switched GaAs vertical lasers (VSELs) with short cavity lengths can generate pulses as short as 4 ps, with delays as short as 20 ps. A model of the large-signal response of VSELs to short optical input pulses is presented. The results demonstrate that the critical parameter of determining VSEL response time is the cavity length. A numerical solution to the rate equations is used to calculate the output pulsewidth and delay, given a specific cavity design and set of input conditions. Calculated results are compared to experimental data. Output pulse dependencies on input pulsewidth and power are examined for different cavity designs. The results of the calculations are used to generate design curves for future devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ambient‐temperature synthesis of nanocrystalline ZnO and its application in the generation of hydrogen (2004)

The conditions leading to the direct formation of nanocrystalline ZnO particles from aqueous solutions at 25 °C are presented. The synthesis of ZnO was made possible by the suitable selection of the solution chemistry and the control of the alkaline conditions established during the formation and conversion of the precursor solid. XRD and FT-IR analyses revealed that the progressive removal of molecular and coordinated water from the precursor basic zinc sulphate and the diminution of sulphate contents took place at a temperature as low as 25 °C, making unnecessary any further thermal treatment of the as-synthesized powders. SEM observations evidenced the formation of sub-micron aggregates of ZnO (sizes below 100 nm). Depending on synthesis and precipitation conditions, it was possible to decrease the crystallite size from 25 down to 11 nm. The ambient-temperature ZnO nanocrystals were used in the photo-catalytic generation of hydrogen from alkaline Na2S aqueous solutions. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1P163 Measurement of lifetime of the bond between the shaft and the cylinder in single F_1-ATPase(11.Molecular motor,Poster,The 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2013)

Mycoplasma mobile has hundreds of legs approximately 100 nm long and glides on the substrate at the speed of 2.5 m/sec. It is hypothesized that a cycle of attachment to and detachment from surface-immobilized sialyllactose (SL) drives the force of the gliding. To reveal the mechanism of directed movement as the sum of the force in each leg, we quantified the interaction between legs and SL by using optical tweezers in the presence of different nucleotides or analogues: AMP-PNP ; ADP; ADP+Vi ; nucleotide-free condition. We found that unbinding force depends on chemical states, and also, loading directions in terms of a bacterium gliding polarity. These nucleotide-dependent asymmetric variations could contribute to decipher the gliding mechanism at the molecular level.
LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF CALICEAL DIVERTICULA FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSURGICAL MANAGEMENT (1998)

Direct percutaneous endosurgical management provides a safe, efficacious and durable means of treating stone bearing caliceal diverticula, regardless of stone size or location of the diverticulum.
ChemInform Abstract: Converting Carbohydrates to Bulk Chemicals and Fine Chemicals over Heterogeneous Catalysts (2011)

Abstract Review: 171 refs.
Synthesis of difunctional poly(dimethylsiloxane)s: Application to macromonomer synthesis (1988)

Abstract Difunctional poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) macromonomers were synthesized. Emphasis was put on the synthesis of short PDMS chains exhibiting a narrow molecular weight distribution. This was achieved by the selection of an efficient initiator and under polymerization conditions such as to minimize reshuffling reactions. The macromonomers were subsequently obtained by deactivation of the living sites with an electrophilic unsaturation. Accurate characterization of the macromonomers (GPC, end‐group analysis) was performed.
Particle focusing by 3D inertial microfluidics (2017)

Three-dimensional (3D) particle focusing in microfluidics is a fundamental capability with a wide range of applications, such as on-chip flow cytometry, where high-throughput analysis at the single-cell level is performed. Currently, 3D focusing is achieved mainly in devices with complex layouts, additional sheath fluids, and complex pumping systems. In this work, we present a compact microfluidic device capable of 3D particle focusing at high flow rates and with a small footprint, without the requirement of external fields or lateral sheath flows, but using only a single-inlet, single-outlet microfluidic sequence of straight channels and tightly curving vertical loops. This device exploits inertial fluidic effects that occur in a laminar regime at sufficiently high flow rates, manipulating the particle positions by the combination of inertial lift forces and Dean drag forces. The device is fabricated by femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching, which is a simple two-step process enabling the creation of 3D microfluidic networks in fused silica glass substrates. The use of tightly curving three-dimensional microfluidic loops produces strong Dean drag forces along the whole loop but also induces an asymmetric Dean flow decay in the subsequent straight channel, thus producing rapid cross-sectional mixing flows that assist with 3D particle focusing. The use of out-of-plane loops favors a compact parallelization of multiple focusing channels, allowing one to process large amounts of samples. In addition, the low fluidic resistance of the channel network is compatible with vacuum driven flows. The resulting device is quite interesting for high-throughput on-chip flow cytometry.
1374-P: Parent Preferences for Delaying Insulin Dependence in Children at Risk of Stage III Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (2019)

Purpose: Preference studies ascertain what is important to individuals when weighing benefits and risks of interventions. The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ preferences for treatments to delay the onset of insulin dependence in children who will develop Stage III T1D. Methods: A web-based discrete-choice experiment (DCE) survey measured the preferences of U.S. parents of children with T1D and without T1D. In a hypothetical scenario where their child (&amp;lt;18 years) would become insulin dependent in 6 months or 2 years, respondents were offered a series of choices between hypothetical treatments that would delay insulin dependence or no treatment (monitoring only). Treatments were defined by 6 attributes with varying levels (years until insulin dependence; reductions in the risks of long-term complications, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and serious infection; injection site reaction; and nausea). Random parameters logit analysis evaluated the relative importance of benefits and risks. Maximum acceptable risk (MAR) was calculated. Results: Parents of children with T1D (n=600) and parents with children without T1D (n=901) from an online consumer panel completed the survey instrument. Most parents chose an active treatment (2% always chose monitoring only for all 8 choices). For parents without a T1D child, delaying insulin dependence and reducing the risk of long-term complications and serious infection were the most important treatment attributes, while parents with a T1D child valued these 3 attributes and reducing the risk of DKA as most important. MAR of serious infection ranged from 1%-7% for an additional 2 to 4-year delay in insulin dependence. Conclusions: When told to assume their child would develop Stage III T1D, most parents considered hypothetical treatments to delay progression. The preferences expressed over the benefits and harms in this survey provide guidance on acceptable tradeoffs for future treatments to delay insulin dependence in T1D. Disclosure J. Hedrick: Employee; Self; Johnson &amp; Johnson. Employee; Spouse/Partner; PTC Therapeutics. J. Sutphin: Other Relationship; Self; Multiple Companies. R.L. DiSantostefano: Employee; Self; Janssen Research &amp; Development. K. Gallaher: Other Relationship; Self; Multiple companies. C. Mansfield: Other Relationship; Self; Multiple companies. Funding Janssen Research &amp; Development, LLC
ChemInform Abstract: The Palladium‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Chlorides. (2010)

Abstract A wide range of (het)aryl chlorides (I) successfully undergoes Pd‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation under relatively mild conditions.
Computational modeling of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (2009)

The incorporation of new neurons into the adult brain is a form of plasticity that has only recently been appreciated in neuroscience. The localization of adult neurogenesis to the dentate gyrus (DG) area of the hippocampus is of particular interest, given the hippocampus's observed role as a structure crucial for memory formation. In the rodent, thousands of new neurons are born daily, and research into this process has revealed a complex maturation process, with newborn neurons showing unique physiological and anatomical features at different stages of development. Despite these findings regarding the biology of the neurogenesis process itself, a functional role for new neurons has remained elusive. This dissertation will describe the design, implementation, and testing of a biologically driven computational model of the adult neurogenesis process in the DG. In this model, new neurons are incorporated into the DG circuit according to the process revealed by previous biological studies. Ultimately, this work provides evidence for three separate functions for new neurons that are both novel and experimentally testable. The first hypothesis is that immature neurons are more likely to contribute to the encoding of new memories than mature neurons. This increased activity provides a pattern integration component to the global pattern separation function of the DG. The second hypothesis is that the continuing maturation of these young neurons makes this pattern integration role temporally dependent. As such, memories encoded close in time will be associated, while memories encoded far apart in time will be separated. Third, the results suggest that continual neurogenesis results in a DG network that is a cumulative representation of events experienced throughout life. Finally, this dissertation will discuss how neuromodulation may affect the neurogenesis process and its relationship with hippocampal function and will include a description of how modulatory neurotransmitters can be considered in the computational model, and the specific example of dopamine will show how preliminary data regarding the effects of modulators on neurogenesis can be incorporated into the modeling framework.
Effects of nonradiative recombination on the temperature characteristics of threshold current density in 670 nm GaInAsP-AlGaAs visible lasers (1991)

The effect of nonradiative recombinations on the temperature characteristics of threshold in 670 nm GaInAsP lasers are investigated with theoretical calculations. Lasers with different Al contents (X/sub Al/) and p-type doping carrier concentrations of the AlGaAs cladding layers were fabricated in order to evaluate the threshold current densities (J/sub th/) and the temperature characteristics of J/sub th/. The dependence of J/sub th/ on the active layer thickness was also evaluated. By subtracting the calculated pure radiative recombination component of J/sub th/ from the experimental J/sub th/ values, the nonradiative recombination current densities were obtained as a function of inverse temperature. The thermal activation energies were evaluated for different Delta E/sub g/. It was found that the nonradiative recombinations were governed by the heterobarrier heights. The increase of J/sub th/ with decreasing X/sub Al/ was explained theoretically in terms of the carrier leakage over heterobarriers. It is concluded that the carrier leakage components are the main nonradiative recombination processes in these lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genomic Analysis Utilizing the Yeast Two-Hybrid System (2003)

As the completion of genome sequencing efforts leads to the definition of increasing numbers of genes, the need to reliably assign function to identified coding sequences becomes paramount. One means of gaining initial insight into the function of an undefined protein is to develop a map of other defined proteins with which it physically or functionally interacts. There are several approaches to assigning interacting protein groups. In suitable model organisms such as yeast, a traditional approach has been to create null mutations in the gene encoding the novel protein of interest, and to use suppressor analysis to identify genetically (functionally) interacting proteins. Alternatively, copurification of complexes of interest followed by use of mass spectrophotometry to assign identity of individual component proteins has been used to define interacting groups based on physical interactions. The genetic approaches offer speed and low cost; the physical approaches offer the certainty that copurified proteins physically function together on the protein level, rather than being connected via indirect regulatory pathways. A third approach, the yeast two-hybrid system, combines the advantages of working with yeast while targeting proteins that physically associate.
Speech-based automated cognitive status assessment (2010)

Verbal interviews performed by trained clinicians are a common form of assessments to measure cognitive decline. The aim in this paper is to study the usability of automated methods for evaluating verbal cognitive status assessment tests for the elderly. If reliable, such methods for cognitive assessment can be used for frequent, non-intrusive, low-cost screenings and provide objective and longitudinal cognitive status monitoring data that can complement regular clinical visits and would be useful for early detection of conditions associated with language and communication impairments. This study focuses on two types of tests: a story-recall test, used for memory and language functioning assessment, and a picture description test, used to assess the information content in speech. A data collection was designed for this study involving recordings of about 100 people, mostly over 70 years old, performing these tests. The speech samples were manually transcribed and annotated with semantic units in order to obtain manual evaluation scores. We explore the use of automatic speech recognition and language processing methods to derive objective, automatically extracted metrics of cognitive status that are highly correlated with the manual scores. We use recall and precision based metrics based on semantic content units associated with the tests. Our experiments show high correlation between manually obtained scores and the automatic metrics obtained using either manual or automatic speech transcriptions. Index Terms: speech recognition, language processing, automated cognitive status assessment, elderly speech
A similarity-based Bayesian mixture-of-experts model (2020)

We present a new nonparametric mixture-of-experts model for multivariate regression problems, inspired by the probabilistic k-nearest neighbors algorithm. Using a conditionally specified model, predictions for out-of-sample inputs are based on similarities to each observed data point, yielding predictive distributions represented by Gaussian mixtures. Posterior inference is performed on the parameters of the mixture components as well as the distance metric using a mean-field variational Bayes algorithm accompanied with a stochastic gradient-based optimization procedure. The proposed method is especially advantageous in settings where inputs are of relatively high dimension in comparison to the data size, where input-output relationships are complex, and where predictive distributions may be skewed or multimodal. Computational studies on five datasets, of which two are synthetically generated, illustrate clear advantages of our mixture-of-experts method for high-dimensional inputs, outperforming competitor models both in terms of validation metrics and visual inspection.
A Multicenter Cohort Study of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Use in Children (2015)

IVC filter placement in pediatric patients remains a rare event and is most common in adolescents. Unlike in adults, pediatric IVC filter placement does not appear to be increasing over time and is predominantly used in the setting of a venous thrombotic event.
CaF2(Eu): an ``old'' scintillator revisited (2013)

Homeland security applications demand performant two-plane Compton-camera systems, with high detector efficiency, good nuclide identification and able to perform in-field conditions. A low-Z scintillator has been proposed and studied as a promising candidate for use in the scattering plane of a scintillator-based Compton camera: CaF2(Eu) [1]. All the relevant properties for the application of this scintillator in a mobile Compton camera system, have been addressed: the energy resolution and the non-proportionality at room temperature and in the temperature range of -20°C to +55°C, the photoelectron yield and the relative light yield in the relevant temperature range. A new method of inferring the relative light output of scintillators has been proposed.