gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing drought stress and trait influence on maize yield under current and future conditions (2013)

Global climate change is predicted to increase temperatures, alter geographical patterns of rainfall and increase the frequency of extreme climatic events. Such changes are likely to alter the timing and magnitude of drought stresses experienced by crops. This study used new developments in the classification of crop water stress to first characterize the typology and frequency of drought-stress patterns experienced by European maize crops and their associated distributions of grain yield, and second determine the influence of the breeding traits anthesis-silking synchrony, maturity and kernel number on yield in different drought-stress scenarios, under current and future climates. Under historical conditions, a low-stress scenario occurred most frequently (ca. 40%), and three other stress types exposing crops to late-season stresses each occurred in ca. 20% of cases. A key revelation shown was that the four patterns will also be the most dominant stress patterns under 2050 conditions. Future frequencies of low drought stress were reduced by ca. 15%, and those of severe water deficit during grain filling increased from 18% to 25%. Despite this, effects of elevated CO2 on crop growth moderated detrimental effects of climate change on yield. Increasing anthesis-silking synchrony had the greatest effect on yield in low drought-stress seasonal patterns, whereas earlier maturity had the greatest effect in crops exposed to severe early-terminal drought stress. Segregating drought-stress patterns into key groups allowed greater insight into the effects of trait perturbation on crop yield under different weather conditions. We demonstrate that for crops exposed to the same drought-stress pattern, trait perturbation under current climates will have a similar impact on yield as that expected in future, even though the frequencies of severe drought stress will increase in future. These results have important ramifications for breeding of maize and have implications for studies examining genetic and physiological crop responses to environmental stresses.
Cover Picture: Omniligase‐1: A Powerful Tool for Peptide Head‐to‐Tail Cyclization (Adv. Synth. Catal. 12/2017) (2017)

The inside cover picture, provided by Nuijens and co-workers, illustrates the power and versatility of the peptide ligase omniligase-1. This ligase provides a promising green and clean alternative to chemical approaches used for peptide cyclization, peptide fragment condensation and protein labelling. The ligations are traceless, proceed with very high catalytic efficiency and result in high product yields. Details on omniligase-mediated peptide cyclization can be found in the communication on pages 2050–2055 (M. Schmidt, A. Toplak, P. J. L. M. Quaedflieg, H. Ippel, G. J. J. Richelle, T. M. Hackeng, J. H. van Maarseveen, T. Nuijens, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2017, 359, 2050–2055; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700314).
Chalcogenide optical fiber couplers for chemical sensing, telecommunications, and infrared lasers (1998)

Summary form only given. Fiber-optic couplers represent one of the fundamental building blocks for sophisticated optical-fiber devices, and though some investigations have been done with core-only chalcogenide fiber, no fused devices have been made for infrared (IR) operation beyond 1.55 /spl mu/m. The fusion technique has been employed in making fiber couplers from silica glass fibers for over two decades, but to our knowledge, no one has reported the use of this technique on chalcogenide fibers. The method for fusing chalcogenide fibers differs somewhat from that for silica fibers, largely because of the steeper viscosity profile of the chalcogenides.
Innovative Techniques Stem from Classical Electrophysiology: Completing the Circle (2010)

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an important and frequently employed component for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures. Although generally thought of as an ''anatomic'' approach, classical electrophysiological principles need to be innovatively employed in order to determine whether the pulmonary veins (PVs) are indeed electrically isolated. We present two instances in which variants of recently described PVI diagnostic maneuvers were employed. The rationale, technique, and limitations for these maneuvers are discussed.
Dendritic cells in oral tolerance in the gut (2011)

Oral tolerance is a process that allows generation of systemic unresponsiveness to food antigens. Hence if the same antigen is introduced systemically even under immunogenic conditions it does not induce immune responsiveness. Dendritic cells (DCs) have been identified as essential players in this process. DCs in the gut are located in a strategic position as they can interact directly with luminal antigens or indirectly after their transcytosis across epithelial cells. DCs can then migrate to associated lymphoid tissues to induce tolerance. Antigen presenting cells in the gut are specialized in function and have divided their labour so that there are cells capable to migrate to the draining mesenteric lymph node for induction of T regulatory cells, while other subsets are resident and are required to enforce tolerance locally in the gut after food antigen exposure. In this review, I shall summarize the characteristics of antigen presenting cells in the gut and their involvement in oral tolerance induction. In addition, I will also emphasize that tolerance to food allergens may be contributed by plasmacytoid DCs in the liver that participate to the elimination or anergy of allergen-specific CD8 T cells. Hence specialized functions are associated to different subsets of antigen presenting cells and different organs.
Depositing silver nanoparticles on/in a glass slide by the sonochemical method (2008)

A glass substrate was coated with silver by ultrasound irradiation. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles in the deposited film were characterized using methods such as XRD, TEM, HR TEM, HRSEM, AFM, TOF-SIMS and optical spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that nucleation and the ensuing growth of the nanoparticles occurs in solution and is influenced by the concentration of the precursor, temperature and time of sonication. TOF-SIMS measurements revealed that silver nanoparticles passed through the glass interface and diffused within the glass substrate up to ∼60 nm. An analysis of the thermal effects accompanying the sonochemical cavitation of micro-bubbles in the solution near the solid surfaces shows that the collision of nanoparticles can lead to their melting and coalescence. Sonochemical deposition takes place layer by layer, so that the completion of the deposition of each layer of nanoparticles is followed by the sintering of adjacent particles and the formation of a close-packed layer. Using PVP as a stabilizing agent, a monolayer coating of silver nanoparticles on the glass surface was obtained. The coated glass demonstrated antibacterial activity.
Innovation in Pharmaceutical Assistance (2022)

Innovation is the driving force that is able to create and transform products, processes, and organization in the health system. Innovation in the field of pharmaceutical assistance covers a wide spectrum of aspects, from drug discovery to pharmaceutical care, contributing to the improvement in treatments through novel drugs or methods. This work will present the major characteristics of innovation with special emphasis on aspects pertaining to pharmaceutical assistance. The types and models of innovation, as well as the interaction between academia and industry, will be presented with examples of successful products and methods. In addition, the challenges and perspectives for innovation in pharmaceutical assistance will be discussed with a focus on drug discovery.
Safety, Mobility and the Environment: the Electronic Cocoon (2000)

In this paper, the authors present the concept of an electronic cocoon, a vehicle in which safety, mobility and environment requirements are electronically managed using information obtained from on-board and off-board data networks. The authors first discuss requirements imposed by the transportation network, driver, and automobile. The features and functions of the electronic cocoon are next described, with focus on how they are enabled by infotronics . The authors then discuss human vehicle interaction, giving an overview on human capabilities, multi-tasking, attention span, business case implications, and expectations of the proposed system.
Design of electro-optic modulators based on graphene-on-silicon slot waveguides (2016)

We present a graphene-on-silicon (GoS) suspended vertical slot waveguide. By changing the Fermi level of graphene, the variation in the effective refractive index (RI) of the waveguide is a factor of two larger than that in the traditional GoS rib waveguide. The improvement is due to the light-intensity enhancement and the poor confinement of the optical mode in the slot nanostructure. We design Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring modulators based on the GoS suspended vertical slot waveguide. Our calculations show that the modulators can be energy-efficient and footprint-compact due to the large phase shift of the propagating mode in the waveguide after applying a gate voltage on the graphene. Fabrication of our design is easy and CMOS-compatible. It paves the way for chip-integrated electronic-RI modulators.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Phosphorylation on the Reaction Rate of Unnatural Electrophiles with 2‐Keto‐3‐deoxy‐6‐phosphogluconate Aldolase. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A broadband low-reflection metamaterial absorber (2010)

Artificially engineered metamaterials have enabled the creation of electromagnetic materials with properties not found in nature. Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of developing high performance, narrowband electromagnetic absorbers using such metamaterials. These metamaterials derive their absorption properties primarily through dielectric loss and impedance matching at resonance. This paper builds on that work by increasing the bandwidth through embedding resistors into the metamaterial structure in order to lower the Q factor and by using multiple elements with different resonances. This is done while maintaining an impedance-matched material at normal incidence. We thus present the design, simulation, and experimental verification of a broadband gigahertz region metamaterial absorber, with a maximum absorption of 99.9% at 2.4 GHz, and a full width at half maximum bandwidth of 700 MHz, all while maintaining low reflection inside and outside of resonance.
SARS-CoV-2 hijacks p38β/MAPK11 to promote virus replication (2023)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, drastically modifies infected cells to optimize virus replication. One such modification is the activation of the host p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a major role in inflammatory cytokine production, a hallmark of severe COVID-19. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of p38/MAPK activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells reduced both cytokine production and viral replication. Here, we combined quantitative genetic screening, genomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics to better understand mechanisms underlying the dependence of SARS-CoV-2 on the p38 pathway. We found that p38β is a critical host factor for SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple relevant cell lines and that it functions at a step after viral mRNA expression. We identified putative host and viral p38β substrates in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and found that most host substrates have intrinsic antiviral activities. Taken together, this study reveals a unique proviral function for p38β and supports exploring p38β inhibitor development as a strategy toward creating a new class of COVID-19 therapies. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic that has claimed millions of lives since its emergence in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells requires the activity of several cellular pathways for successful replication. One such pathway, the p38 MAPK pathway, is required for virus replication and disease pathogenesis. Here, we applied systems biology approaches to understand how MAPK pathways benefit SARS-CoV-2 replication to inform the development of novel COVID-19 drug therapies.
A synergistic triad of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and caloric restriction mimetics eradicates tumors in mice (2019)

We have recently shown that chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agents can be advantageously combined with fasting regimens or caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) to achieve superior tumor growth control via a T cell-dependent mechanism. Here, we show that the blockade of the CD11b-dependent extravasation of myeloid cells blocks such a combination effect as well. Based on the characterization of the myeloid and lymphoid immune infiltrates, including the expression pattern of immune checkpoint proteins (and noting a chemotherapy-induced overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1, on both cancer cells and leukocytes, as well as a reduced frequency of exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells positive for programmed cell death 1 protein, PD-1), we then evaluated the possibility to combine ICD inducers, CRMs and targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. While fasting or CRMs failed to improve tumor growth control by PD-1 blockade, ICD inducers alone achieved a partial sensitization to treatment with a PD-1-specific antibody. However, definitive cure of most of the tumor-bearing mice was only achieved by a tritherapy combining (i) ICD inducers exemplified by mitoxantrone and oxaliplatin, (ii) CRMs exemplified by hydroxycitrate and spermidine and substitutable for by fasting, and (iii) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Altogether, these results point to the possibility of synergistic interactions among distinct classes of anticancer agents.
Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy. Trends in Donor and Recipient Morbidity Following 381 Consecutive Cases (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Jul 2005Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy. Trends in Donor and Recipient Morbidity Following 381 Consecutive Cases Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)60056-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy. Trends in Donor and Recipient Morbidity Following 381 Consecutive Cases." The Journal of Urology, 174(1), p. 174 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 1July 2005Page: 174 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
In situmeasurements of twist and bend elastic constants in the oblique helicoidal cholesteric (2022)

Unique electro-optical properties of the oblique helicoidal cholesteric (Ch_{OH}) stem from its heliconical director structure. An applied electric field preserves the single-harmonic modulation of the director while tuning the Ch_{OH} period and the corresponding Bragg-peak wavelength within a broad spectral range. We use the response of Ch_{OH} to the electric field to measure the elastic constants of twist K_{22} and bend K_{33} directly in the cholesteric phase. The temperature dependencies of K_{22} and K_{33} allow us to determine the range of the electric tunability of the Ch_{OH} pitch and the heliconical angle. The data are important for understanding how molecular composition and chirality influence macroscopic elastic properties of the chiral liquid crystals and for the development of Ch_{OH}-based optical devices.
Data from Unleashing Cell-Intrinsic Inflammation as a Strategy to Kill AML Blasts (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Leukemic blasts are immune cells gone awry. We hypothesized that dysregulation of inflammatory pathways contributes to the maintenance of their leukemic state and can be exploited as cell-intrinsic, self-directed immunotherapy. To this end, we applied genome-wide screens to discover genetic vulnerabilities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells implicated in inflammatory pathways. We identified the immune modulator IRF2BP2 as a selective AML dependency. We validated AML cell dependency on IRF2BP2 with genetic and protein degradation approaches &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and genetically &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Chromatin and global gene-expression studies demonstrated that IRF2BP2 represses IL1β/TNFα signaling via NFκB, and IRF2BP2 perturbation results in an acute inflammatory state leading to AML cell death. These findings elucidate a hitherto unexplored AML dependency, reveal cell-intrinsic inflammatory signaling as a mechanism priming leukemic blasts for regulated cell death, and establish IRF2BP2-mediated transcriptional repression as a mechanism for blast survival.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study exploits inflammatory programs inherent to AML blasts to identify genetic vulnerabilities in this disease. In doing so, we determined that AML cells are dependent on the transcriptional repressive activity of IRF2BP2 for their survival, revealing cell-intrinsic inflammation as a mechanism priming leukemic blasts for regulated cell death.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0473" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Puissant and Medyouf, p. 1617&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-7-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1599&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Stocator: A High Performance Object Store Connector for Spark (2017)

We present Stocator, a high performance object store connector for Apache Spark, that takes advantage of object store semantics. Previous connectors have assumed file system semantics, in particular, achieving fault tolerance and allowing speculative execution by creating temporary files to avoid interference between worker threads executing the same task and then renaming these files. Rename is not a native object store operation; not only is it not atomic, but it is implemented using a costly copy operation and a delete. Instead our connector leverages the inherent atomicity of object creation, and by avoiding the rename paradigm it greatly decreases the number of operations on the object store as well as enabling a much simpler approach to dealing with the eventually consistent semantics typical of object stores. We have implemented Stocator and shared it in open source. Performance testing shows that it is as much as 18 times faster for write intensive workloads and performs as much as 30 times fewer operations on the object store than the legacy Hadoop connectors, reducing costs both for the client and the object storage service provider.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐770,644: A Potent and Selective Human β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist with Improved Oral Bioavailability. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cytokine Fusion Constructs as DNA Vaccines Against Tumors (2003)

Various studies have used DNA vaccination as a method of immunizing against tumors (1-12). As with any tumor vaccine, one challenge is to find a truly tumor-specific antigen (13,14). The majority of immunologically targeted tumor antigens are also expressed on a subset of normal host cells. Examples of such antigens include prostate-specific antigen, and CD20, a B cell marker. Some tumor antigens are specific for activated cells of certain types, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or the IL-2 receptor. These are often found on embryonic or fetal cells as well as tumor cells. The carbohydrate antigens of melanomas and the immunoglobulin (Ig) idiotype of B cell lymphomas represent tumor-specific antigens (TSA). Unfortunately, TSA have not been identified in more common malignancies. Furthermore, the antigenic determinants of known TSA may differ between patients; for example, the tumor idiotype (Id) of B cell lymphoma is highly patient-specific and must be determined for each case.
An Overview of the Further Evaluation of Penciclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus in Cell Culture Highlighting Contrasts with Acyclovir (1993)

The antiviral action of penciclovir against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in cell culture is reviewed. Acyclovir was included for comparison in most of the experiments described. Whilst these two acyclic nucleoside derivatives share a mode of action which is qualitatively similar, quantitative differences were revealed in certain cell culture experiments, and the objective of subsequent biochemical studies was to account for these differences. Where possible, the conditions selected for the cell culture experiments were clinically relevant. The relative antiviral activities of penciclovir and acyclovir were compared using four distinct assays against a single strain of HSV-1 in MRC-5 cells. Some differences in relative potency were observed between the assays and possible reasons for this are discussed. In a subsequent study the initial multiplicity of infection (MOI) was shown to be inversely related to the potency of penciclovir against HSV-1 in both a virus-yield reduction assay and an antigen-inhibition assay, although this relationship was not observed in the viral DNA inhibition assay. Because the determination of infectious virus yields was considered to be a particularly useful measure of antiviral efficacy, further virus yield experiments were conducted. Consistently better activity was observed with penciclovir in a series of experiments with clinical isolates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in which MRC-5 cells were treated continuously with test compounds following infection at 0.01 p.f.u. cell −1 . Furthermore, marked differences were observed between penciclovir and acyclovir when the treatment period was reduced to as little as 2 h and effects on subsequent infectious virus replication or viral DNA synthesis were monitored; unlike acyclovir, there was prolonged inhibition of HSV replication in cultures which had been exposed to penciclovir for short periods. The triphosphate of penciclovir is considerably more stable than acyclovir-triphosphate within HSV-infected cells, and therefore this difference probably accounts for the prolonged antiviral activity observed in cell culture. Prolonged inhibition of VZV DNA synthesis by penciclovir is also reported in this review. Finally, the antiviral activity of combinations of penciclovir with other antiviral agents or with human interferons (HuIFN-α, β, γ) is reviewed. There was marked synergy between penciclovir and HuIFN-α and HuIFN-β against HSV-1 and HSV-2 and possible clinical implication of these results are discussed.