gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Electrochemical Behavior of the Superconductor YBa2Cu3O7‐x in Solutions Containing Various Anions (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bovine immunoglobulin subclass-specific response to Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides (1979)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to follow the bovine response, by immunoglobulin class and subclass, to defined smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Brucella abortus. Binding to smooth LPS of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 in sera from Brucella-infected animals was significantly greater than binding in sera from normal uninfected animals. Competition or steric blocking among IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 for binding sites on smooth LPS was shown to occur. Binding of IgM to Brucella smooth LPS with sera from uninfected animals was elevated above the assay control levels, and attempts to eliminate this nonspecific IgM binding were not successful. The same levels of nonspecific IgM binding were also seen with Brucella rough LPS, Escherichia coli LPS, and Pseudomonas solanacearum LPS. Sera from some, but not all, Brucella-infected animals showed elevated binding of IgG1 and IgM to both E. coli LPS and Brucella rough LPS as well as to Brucella smooth LPS. This was interpreted as specific antibody. Cross-reactions between B. abortus smooth or rough LPS and E. coli LPS could not be shown by immunodiffusion.
Safety Performance Evaluation of the Non-Blocked Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) (2013)

The roadway width required to install a guardrail system with a 12-in. (305-mm) blockout is not always available. In response, proprietary non-blocked W-beam guardrail systems were developed and successfully crash tested. However, the use of proprietary systems requires the State Departments of Transportation to maintain inventory of specialized components. Therefore, a non-proprietary, non-blocked W-beam guardrail system was developed. The Midwest Guardrail System (MGS), with a 31-in. (787-mm) nominal top rail height, was chosen for modification due to its exceptional redirective capacity. For this research, the 12-in. (305-mm) blockout was removed, and a 12-in. (305- mm) long section of 12-gauge (2.66-mm) W-beam guardrail was utilized as a backup plate at rail-to-post connections. This design was successfully tested using a small car (test no. 3-10) and a pickup truck (test no. 3-11) according to the testing standards established in the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). As a result, the non-blocked MGS was recommended for use when roadway width was a limiting parameter. If width is not restricted, it is still recommended to use a 12-in. (305-mm) blockout as designated in the design drawings of the standard MGS.
Airborne soil conductivity assessment using frequency domain electromagnetic induction (2021)

Effective and efficient mapping of soil conductivity at scales relevant to the design and maintenance of horizontal and vertical infrastructure has been a long-standing challenge. Of utmost utility would be the development of standoff measurement techniques that could discern at the meter to submeter spatial scale and up to 10 m into the subsurface the presence or absence of layered or discrete features on the order of 1m or smaller. Ground-based geophysical measurement techniques, including ground penetrating radar, borehole logging, and electrical resistivity, have been used to interrogate the subsurface in varying terrains at the meter to kilometers scales. Airborne measurement techniques have broad applicability at the larger, kilometers to tens of kilometers scale and could support linear infrastructure development and terrain mapping. However, there is a broad need for cost effective airborne geophysical techniques to obtain high-resolution measurements of specific areas of interest. We present a frequency domain electromagnetic induction sensor weighing less than 10 pounds mounted on an unmanned aerial system capable of assessing the conductivity of soil to 10 m depth. We consider system design and motor interference as well as present a 3D model capable of identifying discrete ice inclusions on the order of 1 m in size..
A Structured Systems Approach for Optimal Actuator-Sensor Placement in Linear Time-Invariant Systems (2012)

In this paper we address the actuator/sensor allocation problem for linear time invariant (LTI) systems. Given the structure of an autonomous linear dynamical system, the goal is to design the structure of the input matrix (commonly denoted by $B$) such that the system is structurally controllable with the restriction that each input be dedicated, i.e., it can only control directly a single state variable. We provide a methodology that addresses this design question: specifically, we determine the minimum number of dedicated inputs required to ensure such structural controllability, and characterize, and characterizes all (when not unique) possible configurations of the \emph{minimal} input matrix $B$. Furthermore, we show that the proposed solution methodology incurs \emph{polynomial complexity} in the number of state variables. By duality, the solution methodology may be readily extended to the structural design of the corresponding minimal output matrix (commonly denoted by $C$) that ensures structural observability.
Compact and contactless reflectance confocal microscope for neurosurgery (2020)

Abstract Visual guidance at the cellular level during neurosurgical procedures is essential for complete tumour resection. We present a compact reflectance confocal microscope with a 20 mm working distance that provided &lt;1.2 µm spatial resolution over a 600 µm × 600 µm field of view in the near-infrared region. A physical footprint of 200 mm × 550 mm was achieved using only standard off-the-shelf components. Theoretical performance of the optical design was first evaluated via commercial Zemax software. Then three specimens from rodents: fixed brain, frozen calvaria and live hippocampal slices, were used to experimentally assess system capability and robustness. Results show great potential for the proposed system to be translated into use as a next generation label-free and contactless neurosurgical microscope.
[Diagnostics of the changes arising in an oral cavity at oncological sick senior age groups (review)]. (2016)

Article is devoted to the changes happening in an oral cavity and in oral liquid under the influence of preparations of the oncological diseases used for treatment. Considering that research of oral liquid belongs to one of noninvasive methods of diagnostics and can be used with success for definition and correction of conditions of the mucous membrane of an oral cavity at the patients of advanced and senile age passing polychemotherapeutic treatment, this type of research is the extremely perspective for a gerontostomatology.
Evidence for Gene Expression by Unintegrated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA Species (2004)

The integrated form of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA is classically considered to be the sole template for viral gene expression. However, several studies have suggested that unintegrated viral DNA species could also support transcription. To determine the contribution of the different species of HIV-1 DNA to viral expression, we first monitored intracellular levels of various HIV-1 DNA and RNA species in a single-round infection assay. We observed that, in comparison to the precocity of HIV-1 DNA synthesis, viral expression was delayed, suggesting that only the HIV-1 DNA species that persist for a sufficient period of time would be transcribed efficiently. We next evaluated the transcriptional activity of the circular forms of HIV-1 DNA bearing two long terminal repeats, since these episomes were reported to exhibit an intrinsic molecular stability. Our results support the notion that these circular species of HIV-1 DNA are naturally transcribed during HIV-1 infection, thereby participating in virus replication.
Acyclic β-Phosphonylated Nitroxides:  A New Series of Counter-Radicals for “Living”/Controlled Free Radical Polymerization (2000)

Oxidation of α-(N-alkylamino) phosphonic acid esters, carrying one or two alkyl groups as substituents on their α-carbon, by m-chloroperbenzoic acid afforded the corresponding stable β-phosphonylated nitroxides. The nitroxides derived from α-mono-tert-butyl α-alkylaminophosphonic acid esters are stable compounds despite the presence of a hydrogen atom on the α-carbon bound to the nitroxyl group. The ESR study of these nitroxides in solution showed that this β-hydrogen atom lies in the nodal plane to the nitroxyl function. These β-phosphonylated nitroxides were found to efficiently control the free radical polymerization reaction of styrene, with a much faster rate of propagation than that observed in TEMPO-mediated systems.
Chemical Bonds: An Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Structure (2020)

This book is intended to provide a reasonably complete introduction to atomic and molecular structure and bonding for science students. Parts of the book are revised and expanded versions of appropriate sections from Basic Principles of Chemistry, which I coauthored with Gilbert P. Haight, Jr. The basic approach of using illustrations profusely in presenting concepts has been retained in this monograph. The material on molecular structure is organized roughly in order of molecular size, proceeding from diatomic molecules in Chapter 3 to the "infinitely large" atomic clusters in Chapter 6, which deals with the structures of solids. Although Chapter 3 is loaded with "teaching molecules" (simple molecules observed only at high temperatures and low pressures), the emphasis in the rest of the book is on "real molecules." Each chapter concludes with a large selection of questions and problems.
På tværs 7-9 Xplore: Elevbog (2016)

Materiale til de fælles faglige fokusområder i naturfagene: biologi, geografi og fysik/kemi i 7.-9. klasse
Performance of 915 nm pumped LMA Yb fiber designs for long-term reliable multi-kilowatt operation (2023)

We report the performance of new LMA Yb fibers with increased cladding absorption for pumping in the 915 nm absorption band. A 0.5 dB/m cladding-absorption Yb20/400 fiber showed negligible photodarkening loss in 400-hour laser operation at 3 kW, with 77% optical-to-optical efficiency. Low-SRS and TMI-free operation at 3.5 kW signal power was achieved with a 0.65 dB/m cladding-absorption and 20.2 &mu;m mode-field diameter Yb fiber, tested in a co-pumped amplifier. The Raman peak was 31 dB below the signal peak at the maximum power.
Antimicrobial and toxicological evaluations of binuclear mercury(ii)bis(alkynyl) complexes containing oligothiophenes and bithiazoles (2016)

We investigated the antimicrobial activity of bis-(alkynyl)mercury(<sc>ii</sc>) complexes with oligothiophene and bithiazole linking units against MRSA and <italic>C. albicans</italic>, and their cytotoxicity was tested on NIH 3T3 cells.
Exchange Reamed Intramedullary Nailing for Delayed Union and Nonunion of the Tibia (1995)

Twenty-eight tibial fractures, initially treated with nonreamed interlocking nails, were exchanged to reamed intramedullary nails to promote union. Initially, there were 8 closed fractures with compartment syndromes; 5 Type 2 open fractures; 6 Type 3 A injuries; and 6 Type 3B injuries. Exchange nailing was performed if followup radiographs did not show callus formation between 3 and 5 months after injury. Originally, 16 of the 28 nailings were statistically locked. Twenty-five of 27 fractures united after exchange nailing. In 2 patients with bone loss, additional bone grafting was required. Infection developed in 3 patients after exchange nailing (11%). Exchange nailing is a useful method to promote union of tibial fractures when slow consolidation occurs after initial treatment with a nonreamed nail. This method should be combined with autogenous bone grafting in patients with bone loss. The procedure is safe and effective in closed and minor open fractures; however, caution should be exercised in patients with prior Grade 3B open fractures because of the risk of infection.
Rational Design, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Immunogenicity of Hypoallergenic Pru p 3 Variants (2019)

Scope Allergies to lipid transfer proteins involve severe adverse reactions; thus, effective and sustainable therapies are desired. Previous attempts disrupting disulfide bonds failed to maintain immunogenicity; thus, the aim is to design novel hypoallergenic Pru p 3 variants and evaluate the applicability for treatment of peach allergy. Methods and results Pru p 3 proline variant (PV) designed using in silico mutagenesis, cysteine variant (CV), and wild‐type Pru p 3 (WT) are purified from Escherichia coli . Variants display homogenous and stable protein conformations with an altered secondary structure in circular dichroism. PV shows enhanced long‐term storage capacities compared to CV similar to the highly stable WT. Using sera of 33 peach allergic patients, IgE‐binding activity is reduced by 97% (PV) and 71% (CV) compared to WT. Both molecules show strong hypoallergenicity in Pru p 3 ImmunoCAP cross‐inhibition and histamine release assays. Immunogenicity of PV is demonstrated with a phosphate‐based adjuvant formulation in a mouse model. Conclusions An in silico approach is used to generate a PV without targeting disulfide bonds, T cell epitopes, or previously reported IgE epitopes of Pru p 3. PV is strongly hypoallergenic while structurally stable and immunogenic, thus representing a promising candidate for peach allergen immunotherapy.
Measurements of Spontaneous Emission Factor in Electrically Pumped Microcavity Lasers (1995)

Enhancement of spontaneous emission coupling ( β ) into the lasing mode has promised significant reductions in lasing thresholds and absolute intensity noise for microcavity lasers [1,2]. This control is typically achieved by employing high finesse, wavelength scale resonators. Measurements of β have been made in optically pumped devices with various resonator geometries: These include planar DBR resonators ( β =0.009 at 4 K [2]), large-diameter post resonators ( β =0.004 at 4 K [2]), hemispherical microcavities ( β =0.01 at 4 K [3]) and micro-disk lasers ( β =0.23 at 77 K [4]). This paper reports the first measurements of β in electrically pumped vertical cavity devices as well as the first measurement of β in surface emitting lasers with strong transverse photon confinement.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Required for Skeletal Development and Postnatal Skeletal Homeostasis in Male Mice (2010)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a member of the cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr 61), CTGF, nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) (CCN) family of proteins, is synthesized by osteoblasts, and its overexpression inhibits osteoblastogenesis and causes osteopenia. The global inactivation of Ctgf leads to defective endochondral bone formation and perinatal lethality; therefore, the consequences of Ctgf inactivation on the postnatal skeleton are not known. To study the function of CTGF, we generated Ctgf(+/LacZ) heterozygous null mice and tissue-specific null Ctgf mice by mating Ctgf conditional mice, where Ctgf is flanked by lox sequences with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the paired-related homeobox gene 1 (Prx1) enhancer (Prx1-Cre) or the osteocalcin promoter (Oc-Cre). Ctgf(+/LacZ) heterozygous mice exhibited transient osteopenia at 1 month of age secondary to decreased trabecular number. A similar osteopenic phenotype was observed in 1-month-old Ctgf conditional null male mice generated with Prx1-Cre, suggesting that the decreased trabecular number was secondary to impaired endochondral bone formation. In contrast, when the conditional deletion of Ctgf was achieved by Oc-Cre, an osteopenic phenotype was observed only in 6-month-old male mice. Osteoblast and osteoclast number, bone formation, and eroded surface were not affected in Ctgf heterozygous or conditional null mice. In conclusion, CTGF is necessary for normal skeletal development but to a lesser extent for postnatal skeletal homeostasis.
A Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Quinoline Carboxylates with Boronic Acids (2011)

Abstract A palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between aryl carboxylates and boronic acids has been achieved for the first time by taking advantage of the enhanced reactivity of quinoline 4‐carboxylates. Also for the first time a Suzuki coupling reaction via a self‐activation of boronic acids without addition of base is described. The reactions proceed under mild conditions (25–65 °C) to give excellent yields, and a wide range of functionalities is tolerated.
ERGO: Breaking Down the Wall between Human Health and Environmental Testing of Endocrine Disrupters (2020)

ERGO (EndocRine Guideline Optimization) is the acronym of a European Union-funded research and innovation action, that aims to break down the wall between mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate regulatory testing of endocrine disruptors (EDs), by identifying, developing and aligning thyroid-related biomarkers and endpoints (B/E) for the linkage of effects between vertebrate classes. To achieve this, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network covering various modes of thyroid hormone disruption (THD) in multiple vertebrate classes will be developed. The AOP development will be based on existing and new data from in vitro and in vivo experiments with fish, amphibians and mammals, using a battery of different THDs. This will provide the scientifically plausible and evidence-based foundation for the selection of B/E and assays in lower vertebrates, predictive of human health outcomes. These assays will be prioritized for validation at OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) level. ERGO will re-think ED testing strategies from in silico methods to in vivo testing and develop, optimize and validate existing in vivo and early life-stage OECD guidelines, as well as new in vitro protocols for THD. This strategy will reduce requirements for animal testing by preventing duplication of testing in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates and increase the screening capacity to enable more chemicals to be tested for ED properties.
Phenol Kinase Activity of the Serine/Threonine-Specific cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase: Steric and Electronic Effects (1994)

We have found that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of a wide variety of peptide-based aromatic alcohols, thereby greatly amplifying the range of compounds recognized as substrates by this enzyme. This newly discovered enzyme-catalyzed reaction is sensitive to both steric and electronic effects. Substituents on the aromatic ring that are positioned para to the hydroxyl moiety lower the observed Km, presumably via a favorable interaction with an adjacent hydrophobic pocket. In contrast, electron-withdrawing substituents have a slight adverse effect on the kinetics of phosphoryl transfer, an observation which is consistent with the notion that the rate of substrate turnover is dependent upon the nucleophilicity of the phosphorylatable hydroxyl moiety. As a corollary, electron-donating groups on the aromatic nucleus promote the rate of phosphoryl transfer to such an extent that the observed Vmax values approach those exhibited by aliphatic alcohols. This suggests that analogously appended electron-donating groups on tyrosine moieties could dramatically improve the modest Vmax values that are typical for tyrosine kinase-catalyzed reactions.
From Sparse Signals to Sparse Residuals for Robust Sensing (2011)

One of the key challenges in sensor networks is the extraction of information by fusing data from a multitude of distinct, but possibly unreliable sensors. Recovering information from the maximum number of dependable sensors while specifying the unreliable ones is critical for robust sensing. This sensing task is formulated here as that of finding the maximum number of feasible subsystems of linear equations and proved to be NP-hard. Useful links are established with compressive sampling, which aims at recovering vectors that are sparse. In contrast, the signals here are not sparse, but give rise to sparse residuals. Capitalizing on this form of sparsity, four sensing schemes with complementary strengths are developed. The first scheme is a convex relaxation of the original problem expressed as a second-order cone program (SOCP). It is shown that when the involved sensing matrices are Gaussian and the reliable measurements are sufficiently many, the SOCP can recover the optimal solution with overwhelming probability. The second scheme is obtained by replacing the initial objective function with a concave one. The third and fourth schemes are tailored for noisy sensor data. The noisy case is cast as a combinatorial problem that is subsequently surrogated by a (weighted) SOCP. Interestingly, the derived cost functions fall into the framework of robust multivariate linear regression, while an efficient block-coordinate descent algorithm is developed for their minimization. The robust sensing capabilities of all schemes are verified by simulated tests.
Overview and status of EXCLAIM, the experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping (2020)

The EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) is a balloon-borne far-infrared telescope that will survey galactic formation history over cosmological time scales with redshifts between 0 and 3.5. EXCLAIM will measure the statistics of brightness fluctuations of redshifted cumulative carbon monoxide and singly ionized carbon line emissions, following an intensity mapping approach. EXCLAIM will couple all-cryogenic optical elements to six μ-Spec spectrometer modules, operating at 420-540 GHz with a spectral resolution of 512 and featuring microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Here, we present an overview of the mission and its development status.
A novel imaging beta probe for radio-guided surgery (2008)

Gamma-sensitive intraoperative probes are routinely used in the assessment of conditions that include the spread of breast cancer into the lymphatic system, by detecting radiation emitted by radiopharmaceuticals such as <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F-FDG, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">99m</sup> Tc, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">131</sup> I, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">111</sup> In and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">125</sup> I. However, a major drawback of existing gamma probes is their inability to distinguish between radiation emitted by tissue directly in front of them and background emissions from surrounding areas, seriously degrading the user’s ability to localize the source of emitted radiation.
Performance and Power Analysis on Asynchronous Reading of Binary Arrays (2006)

Based on domino-like asynchronous propagation an original and efficient way of reading 2-D binary arrays is proposed. The functional principle is first described and a hardware implementation is proposed. Both speed-up and energy consumption for typical applications are analyzed