gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Integrating UVB Dosemeter System (1999)

Recent evidence of sharp increases in the number and severity of deformations in many amphibian species worldwide resulting from increased ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure has prompted the development of a new integrating UVB dosemeter system. This dosemeter can be read out using either thermoluminescence (TL) or optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques. The detection method takes advantage of the phototransfer properties of Al2O3:C in the UVB region (280-320 nm). These UVB dosemeters have a linear dynamic range of several orders of magnitude and no significant temperature dependence. The inherent angular dependence of the interference filter has been flattened using diffusers and the increased phototransfer efficiency of Al2O3:C at shorter UVB wavelengths. The new UVB dosemeters can be used in air or in water and require no external power source. Their small, lightweight and watertight design make them ideally suited for measuring the UVB exposure of amphibian egg sacks in situ.
Generation of the Thermal Scattering Law of Uranium Dioxide with Ab Initio Lattice Dynamics to Capture Crystal Binding Effects on Neutron Interactions (2020)

Scattering of thermal neutrons and Doppler broadening of epithermal neutron resonances in uranium and its compounds may be sensitive to crystal binding. The thermal scattering law (TSL) for uranium dioxide, which captures crystal binding effects, has been reevaluated for ENDF/B-VIII.0. Phonon spectra were generated using ab initio lattice dynamics for the paramagnetic phase and validated against experiment. Improved agreement with the Debye-Waller coefficient as a function of temperature is found relative to the spectrum used for the ENDF/B-VII.1 evaluation. The TSL was generated using the phonon expansion method within the NJOY nuclear data processing package and was found to be in reasonable agreement with inelastic neutron scattering measurements. The present evaluation predicts a reduction in the inelastic scattering cross section relative to ENDF/B-VII.1 and a total scattering cross section consistent with neutron transmission experiments.
Interferon Induction by Poly(I):Poly(C) Enclosed in Phospholipid Particles (1974)

Liposomes were prepared with phospholipids (sphingomyelin, lecithin, and phosphatidylethanolamine) in combination with cholesterol and charged lipids (dicetyl phosphate and stearylamine) and contained either poly(I):poly(C) or poly(I). Neutral and positively charged liposomes attached much better to L-929 cells in tissue culture than did negatively charged particles. Liposomes were toxic to L cells at relatively low concentrations, making the determination of antiviral activity induced by particles containing poly(I):poly(C) difficult to measure by the plaque reduction assay. When injected into mice, all of the liposomes containing poly(I):poly(C), except phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes, greatly potentiated and extended the serum interferon response of poly(I):poly(C). Lecithin and sphingomyelin liposomes given intravenously were ten times more effective than free poly(I):poly(C) in stimulating production of serum interferon. Sphingomyelin liposomes containing [(14)C]poly(I):poly(C) were 88% cleared from the bloodstream of mice by 3 min after intravenous injection. Most of the radioactivity (70%) was captured by the liver and remained there for at least 4 h. By 2 h, 7% of the radioactivity could be found in the spleen. Five percent of the radioactivity was found in the lungs at 30 min, with decreasing amounts thereafter. Small amounts of radioactivity were found in the muscle and kidneys. The spleen was shown to contain appreciable levels of interferon at 4 h, and low levels were found in the liver. Radioactivity accumulated slowly in the liver following an intraperitoneal injection of sphingomyelin liposomes containing [(14)C]poly(I):poly(C). By 4 h, 26% of the dose was recovered from the liver and 4.9% from the spleen, with small amounts in the lung, kidney, and omentum.
Asynchronous Differentiation of CD8 T Cells That Recognize Dominant and Cryptic Antigens (2006)

Restriction of T cell responses to a few epitopes (immunodominance) is a central feature of immune responses. We analyzed the entire transcriptome of effector CD8 T cells specific for a dominant (H7(a)) and a cryptic (HY) mouse Ag and performed a longitudinal analysis of selected T cell differentiation markers. We found that Ag specificity had a relatively modest influence on the repertoire of genes that are transcriptionally modulated by the CD8 T cell differentiation program. Although the differentiation programs of anti-H7(a) and anti-HY T cells were similar, they did not progress simultaneously. The expansion peak of anti-H7(a) T cells was reached on day 10 while that of anti-HY T cells was attained on days 15-20. Between days 10 and 20, anti-H7(a) T cells were in the contraction phase and anti-HY T cells in the expansion phase. Furthermore, expansion and development of effector function were well-synchronized in anti-H7(a) T cells but were disconnected in anti-HY T cells. We propose that, by leading to selective expansion of the fittest CD8 T cells, immunodominance may be beneficial to the host. Inhibition of the T cell response to cryptic Ag would ensure that host resources (APC, cytokines) for which T cells compete are devoted to T cells with the best effector potential. One implication is that favoring expansion of the fittest effector T cells in general may be more important than increasing the diversity of the T cell repertoire.
IC‐P‐013: Hippocampal texture provides volume independent information for Alzheimer's diagnosis (2012)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of hippocampal MRI texture for diagnosis of AD. A subset of 101 subjects from the ADNI database, previously used in another study, was considered (24 normal controls, 29 MCI, and 48 AD). Segmentations of the hippocampi obtained using cross-sectional FreeSurfer were used to define the region of interest in each MRI scan. Hippocampal texture was characterized in bias field corrected MRIs with a recently published texture descriptor in lung CT tissue analysis. A support vector machine with a radial Gaussian kernel was trained to discriminate between normal controls and AD using texture, and was subsequently applied to score both control, MCI, and AD cases using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results were reported by ROC-analysis of pair-wise groups, testing for significance using DeLong, DeLong and Clark-Pearson's test. The mean and the standard deviation of the texture-based marker for each of the three groups were also reported, and groups were compared using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. For all tests, P <0.05 was regarded as significant. Adjustment for volume was performed by linear regression. ROC-curves for control vs. MCI, control vs. AD, and MCI vs. AD are shown in the figure, and the corresponding AUCs were 0.641 (P = 0.066), 0.861 (P<0.001), and 0.753 (P<0.001), respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the texture-based marker was for controls -0.360 ± 0.648, for MCI 0.101 ± 0.950, and for AD 1.021 ± 1.117. Normal controls and AD as well as MCI and AD were separable from each other according to the rank sum test (P<0.001 for both) whereas normal controls and MCI were not separable (P = 0.082). The separation of the AD group maintained significance after adjusting for hippocampal volume (P = 0.003 and P = 0.011).
Quantum Optics on Photonic Chips (2011)

This talk will describe controlling light matter interaction in photonic nanostructures aids the construction of basic components for quantum information science, and how complex optical functions can be translated from bulk optical setups into the photonic integrated chip (PIC) architecture. Article not available.
Cytoskeletal actin dynamics shape a ramifying actin network underpinning immunological synapse formation (2017)

T cell activation and especially trafficking of T cell receptor microclusters during immunological synapse formation are widely thought to rely on cytoskeletal remodeling. However, important details on the involvement of actin in the latter transport processes are missing. Using a suite of advanced optical microscopes to analyze resting and activated T cells, we show that, following contact formation with activating surfaces, these cells sequentially rearrange their cortical actin across the entire cell, creating a previously unreported ramifying actin network above the immunological synapse. This network shows all the characteristics of an inward-growing transportation network and its dynamics correlating with T cell receptor rearrangements. This actin reorganization is accompanied by an increase in the nanoscale actin meshwork size and the dynamic adjustment of the turnover times and filament lengths of two differently sized filamentous actin populations, wherein formin-mediated long actin filaments support a very flat and stiff contact at the immunological synapse interface. The initiation of immunological synapse formation, as highlighted by calcium release, requires markedly little contact with activating surfaces and no cytoskeletal rearrangements. Our work suggests that incipient signaling in T cells initiates global cytoskeletal rearrangements across the whole cell, including a stiffening process for possibly mechanically supporting contact formation at the immunological synapse interface as well as a central ramified transportation network apparently directed at the consolidation of the contact and the delivery of effector functions.
Poly[Bis-EDOT-Isoindigo]: An Electroactive Polymer Applied to Electrochemical Supercapacitors (2012)

Poly[6,6′-bis(ethylene-3,4-dioxythien-2-yl)]-N,N′-dialkylisoindigo (PBEDOT-iI) was synthesized and incorporated as an electroactive material into electrochemical supercapacitors (ESCs) in type I and type III configurations. In type I ESCs, PBEDOT-iI provides a specific power of ∼360 W/kg and specific energy of ∼0.5 Wh/kg, while retaining about 80% of its electroactivity over 10 000 cycles. In addition, we report on the use of PBEDOT-iI in type III supercapacitors where operating voltages as high as 2.5 V were achieved with specific energies of ca. 15 Wh/kg, albeit with limited stability.
Ionic Diffusion Mechanism of Glucitol-Containing Lithium Polymer Electrolytes (2005)

We investigated restricted diffusion of ionic species in glucitol-type lithium polymer electrolytes by observing echo-intensity changes of pulsed gradient spin echo NMR which reflect carrier diffusion behavior. Echo attenuation showed an anomalous feature attributable to deviation from random walk migration due to the restricted diffusion. The attenuation behavior depended on the diffusion time for measurement, Δ, in the range of 40 ms < Δ < 160 ms. This revealed that the size of the boundary structure which causes diffusion restriction was micrometer order. We speculated that a kind of micron size domain, which is an aggregation unit of entangled polymer chains, is responsible for the diffusion restriction. Simulations based on a rectangular model showed characteristic features of echo-changing behavior against two dominant factors: inherent diffusion coefficient, D, and domain size, a, which depend on variable parameters, observed temperature, T, and salt concentration, C, of the polymer electrolyte. Estimated D and a of the anion species by fitting the experimental data to a restricted diffusion model increased with increasing T and C. On the other hand, D and a of the cation species showed decreasing tendency with increased T and C. This difference would be attributed to their migration mechanisms: The cation is attracted by oxygen sites and takes the hopping process from site to site along the polymer chain in migration, whereas anion is weakly attracted by the polymer, leading to the migration free from the site-hopping process. Coulombic effect would provide stronger restricted situation on the cation compared with that due to the morphological domain structure, leading to the anomalous change in restriction parameters.
Chemical State Depth Profile for GaAs Surface (1984)

Angular dependent core-level X-ray photoelectron spectra measurement has been performed for native oxide of single crystal GaAs wafer and proved to be a useful method for obtaining chemical state depth profile near the surface. Metallic arsenic is buried in a growing native oxide layer and stranded at the interface layer of oxide and GaAs substrate.
Les web services sémantiques, automate et intégration. II. Composition de services web, technologies et plateformes, applications industrielles (2009)

Recent advances in networks, information and computation grids, and WWW have resulted in the proliferation of a multitude of physically distributed and autonomously developed Web services. This second part presents two key scenarios in B2B and B2C, the central function of services composition and orchestration, the languages and prominent technologies and lastly an industry and research roadmap.
Experimental Validation of the Dissociation Hypothesis for Single Bubble Sonoluminescence (1998)

Single bubble sonoluminescence stability in ambient radius ( ${R}_{0}$), drive pressure ( ${P}_{a}$) phase space is examined for water partially saturated with pure argon, pure nitrogen, and argon/nitrogen mixtures in order to examine the dissociation hypothesis (DH) of Lohse and Hilgenfeldt [J. Chem. Phys. 107, 6986 (1997)]. A stroboscopic imaging system was employed to measure ${R}_{0}$ and the maximum bubble radius ${R}_{\mathrm{max}}$. ${P}_{a}$ was calculated by fitting the Rayleigh-Plesset equation to ${R}_{0}$ and ${R}_{\mathrm{max}}$. Excellent agreement was seen between experiment and prediction over a wide range of parameters, validating DH.
Influence of membrane surface shape change on the performance characteristics of a fiber optic microphone (2010)

At a reflective intensity modulated fiber optic microphone (RIM-FOM), the acoustic signal makes a membrane vibrate and modulate the reflected intensity. In the existing models of the RIM-FOM, the offset of all points of the membrane, due to the vibration, is assumed to be equal. However, this assumption does not represent the actual vibration of the membrane, which follows a continuous surface shape change caused by the acoustic signal. We establish a revised theoretical model in which the influence of the actual membrane surface shape change on the reflective intensity modulation is considered. Experiments show that there is a discrepancy between the experimental optimum operating distance and the analytical result from the existing model, while our new model gives a better agreement with the experimental results. In particular, our analysis shows that, in using the existing model, the other microphone performance characteristics are misestimated, while our revised model can provide a closer solution.
Novel filtering function using an embedded ring resonator (2008)

A novel resonator based on embedded rings may find important applications as novel ultra-small filter, modulator and delay element. It exhibits 10 times higher delay and potential for high-speed modulation.
Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer (2022)

Since its discovery nearly a century ago, over 100,000 studies of growth hormone (GH) have investigated its structure, how it interacts with the GH receptor and its multiple actions. These include effects on growth, substrate metabolism, body composition, bone mineral density, the cardiovascular system and brain function, among many others. Recombinant human GH is approved for use to promote growth in children with GH deficiency (GHD), along with several additional clinical indications. Studies of humans and animals with altered levels of GH, from complete or partial GHD to GH excess, have revealed several covert or hidden actions of GH, such as effects on fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer. In this Review, we do not concentrate on the classic and controversial indications for GH therapy, nor do we cover all covert actions of GH. Instead, we stress the importance of the relationship between GH and fibrosis, and how fibrosis (or lack thereof) might be an emerging factor in both cardiovascular and cancer pathologies. We highlight clinical data from patients with acromegaly or GHD, alongside data from cellular and animal studies, to reveal novel phenotypes and molecular pathways responsible for these actions of GH in fibrosis, cardiovascular function and cancer.
Sample Preparation, Headspace Techniques (2000)

Abstract Among sample preparation techniques used prior to gas chromatography (GC), headspace sampling (HS) offers many advantages as it only collects vapors that are directly compatible with GC. The main variants are: (1) collection of a fraction of the HS (static headspace, SHS), (2) gas stripping of volatiles from a solution and subsequent trapping in an adsorbent (purge and trap headspace, P&amp;THS), (3) collection and trapping of volatiles from a whole HS in equilibrium with a liquid (static and trapped headspace, S&amp;THS), (4) partition of volatiles between a sample, its HS, and an adsorbent fiber (headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HSSPME)). For each one, a design and some guidelines for qualitative and quantitative use are given, as well as the equation giving the theoretical recovery. Performances are compared between HS techniques and others such as simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE). A special section is devoted to the timesaving hyphenation of HS to detectors without chromatographic separation like HS‐sensor array and headspace sampling mass spectrometry (HSMS). Main HS applications in various areas (food, environment, health and biosciences) since the late 1980s are illustrated. In addition, HS appears to be a unique tool to measure thermodynamical constants of volatiles characterizing their partitioning between phases and their interactions with a nonvolatile matrix.
A phase Ib study to evaluate the fully human monoclonal antibody MNRP1685A (anti-NRP1) administered intravenously in combination with bevacizumab with or without weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2010)

TPS180 Background: This study seeks to determine whether the anti-angiogenic antibody anti-NRP1 can be safely combined with the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab with or without paclitaxel. The VEGF pathway is a validated target for oncology therapeutics. Additional approaches that target tumor vasculature may augment current therapies. Anti-NRP1 specifically targets neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and keeps tumor blood vessels in an immature, highly VEGF-dependent state. In preclinical studies, anti-NRP1 shows substantial anti-tumor activity in combination with anti-VEGF suggesting that anti-NRP1 provides an opportunity to improve upon the clinical activity of regimens containing anti-VEGF therapies. Methods: Seven patients have been enrolled in two dose-escalation cohorts of Arm A at anti-NRP1 doses of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg (estimated minimum efficacious exposure based on preclinical studies). The study uses a 3+3 design. In Arm A, anti-NRP1 is administered intravenously followed by bevacizumab intravenously at 15 mg/kg on Day 1 of 3- week cycles. Besides two already enrolled cohorts, two additional cohorts are planned (24 and 36 mg/kg). In Arm B, anti-NRP1 and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) are administered on Days 1 and 15 and paclitaxel (90 mg/m2) intravenously on Days 1, 8 and 15 of 4-week cycles. Three dose-escalation cohorts (12, 16 and 24 mg/kg) and one expansion cohort are planned. All patients receive premedication for the anti-NRP1 infusion that includes dexamethasone on Days -1 and 1. Arm B will open once Cohort 2 of Arm A (anti-NRP1 15 mg/kg) has been cleared. Primary objectives are to evaluate the safety and tolerability, identify dose-limiting toxicities, estimate the maximum tolerated dose and identify a recommended phase II dose of anti-NRP1 when combined with bevacizumab with or without paclitaxel. Pharmacokinetics of anti-NRP1 and bevacizumab will be evaluated. Plasma samples will be used to measure Placental Growth Factor (PlGF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and other circulating factors for exploratory analyses and for comparison to results of a phase I study for anti-NRP1 as single-agent. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech Roche Genentech Genentech
Bioderived biphenyl-containing compounds and their conversion to polymers and macromonomers (2023)

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes where A includes at least one of a carbon-carbon bond or a bridging group, R includes between 0 and 4 of a first hydrocarbon, and n is between 2 and 3,000. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the bridging group may include a linear hydrocarbon chain and/or a branched hydrocarbon chain. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the bridging group may include between 1 and 10 carbon atoms.
Abstract 9374: High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Prognostic Value of Changes Over Time and Effects of Randomized Therapy (2010)

Aims: We examined the prognostic value of repeated measurements of cardiac troponin T, assayed with a high sensitivity method, in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), and the effect of randomi...
Design of potent GlyT1 inhibitors: in vitro and in vivo profiles. (2008)

Inhibitors of Gly transporter type-1 (GlyT1) for the treatment of schizophrenia have been pursued on the basis of the NMDA receptor (R) hypofunction hypothesis, which stems largely from the observation that NMDAR antagonists induce symptoms that more closely mimic those characteristic of schizophrenia than do other classes of psychotic agents. GlyT1 is responsible for uptake of synaptic Gly, an NMDAR co-agonist amino acid, in neuronal populations throughout the forebrain. GlyT1 inhibition thereby potentiates NMDAR activity by increasing synaptic Gly levels. Correspondingly, a large body of data suggests that GlyT1 inhibitors likely confer more comprehensive symptom alleviation than current antipsychotics. To date, a number of small-molecule GlyT1 inhibitors have been reported by the pharmaceutical industry. Developments in the discovery and characterization of GlyT1 inhibitors are discussed in this review.
Carbon Nanotube Fibers Are Compatible With Mammalian Cells and Neurons (2008)

We demonstrate the biocompatibility of carbon nanotube fibers (CNFs) fabricated from single-wall carbon nanotubes. Produced by a particle-coagulation spinning process, CNFs are "hair-like" conductive microwires, which uniquely combine properties of porous nanostructured scaffolds, high-area electrodes, and permeable microfluidic conduits. We report that CNFs are nontoxic and support the attachment, spreading, and growth of mammalian cells and the extension of processes from neurons in vitro. Our findings suggest that CNF may be employed for an electrical interfacing of nerve cells and external devices.
Antihypertensives: Renin Inhibitors (2010)

Abstract Renin has been recognized as an attractive target for antihypertensive drugs since the 1950s. Intensive efforts in the 1980s focused on peptidomimetic hydroxy transition‐state isosteres led to many potent renin inhibitors. However, none of these compounds was developed as a drug. The advent of routine X‐ray crystallography of protein–ligand complexes provided additional insights that culminated in the discovery of aliskiren, a fully nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. Aliskiren, the first direct renin inhibitor to reach the market, was approved as an antihypertensive in 2007. Preliminary clinical trials suggest that aliskiren, and potentially other direct renin inhibitors, may have utility in end organ protection and congestive heart failure, in addition to hypertension.