gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
أثر الحوكمة في تعظيم الإيرادات العامة للدولة مصر حالة دراسية للمدة (2000-2019) (2022)

ان موضوع الحوكمة من المواضيع المهمة وذلك بفضل تعدد الياتها وارتباطها بظواهرحديثة وباعتبارها وسيلة فعالة في الدولة، اذ ان الحوكمة من العناصر الاساسي في تنظيم العلاقات بين الاطراف الرئيسة، فهي تهدف الى تعزيز مبادئ الشفافية والمساءلة من خلال مجموعة منقواعد عن عملي تكميلي وتسيير الدولة، هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الحوكمة وتأثير الحوكمةعلى الإيرادات العامة للدولة، ولفحص هذا التأثير.ولقد تبنت الدراسة مؤشرات حوكمة القطاع العام العالمية، التي قام بتطويرها البنك الدوليوهي: المشاركة )The Worldwide Governance Indicators WGI( في العام 1996والمساءلة، الاستقرار السياسي وغياب العنف، فاعلية الحكومة، جودة التشريعات، سيادة القانون،السيطرة على الفساد، وتحاول هذه الدراسة بيان أهمية تطبيق الحوكمة للإسهام في تعظيم الإيراداتالعامة للدولة، ان هدف الدراسة هو بيان في مدى امكانية تطبيق مبادئ الحوكمة ومقاييسها علىالإيرادات العامة للدولة، كما تهدف الى تحديد دور الحوكمة في المتغيرات الاقتصادية والماليةوالمصرفية وتهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى تطبيق معايير الحوكمة في الإيرادات العامةللدولة، من خلال استعمال البرامج القياسية، تفترض الدراسة أَنَّ الحوكمة بمتغيراتها تؤثر بشكلمعنوي أو إيجابي في تعظيم الإيرادات العامة للدولة، وقد استعملت في الجانب العملي الأسلوبالقياسي من خلال تطبيق مؤشرات الحوكمة من خلال حزمة من البرمجيات، وأنَ هذه الدراسةتحتوي على متغيرين، المتغير التابع ويتمثل بالإيرادات العامة، أمَّا المتغير المستقل فيتمثلبمؤشرات أو بمقاييس الحوكمة، وقد تم تبني )مصر( عينةً للدراسة، وكانت مدة دراسة العينة بين.)2019- العامين: ) 2000
Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears: recent advances and outcomes (2008)

Purpose of review The study presents a concise review of the published literature of disorders of the superior labrum, with a focus on reports published within the past 2 years. The aim of this review is to assist physicians with their assessment and treatment of lesions of the superior labrum. Recent findings The superior labrobicipital complex has many anatomical variations, some of which may be confused with superior labral anterior-posterior lesions. Various theories exist for potential mechanisms of injury to the superior labrum. Progress has been made into understanding the aspects involved in making a clinical diagnosis of a superior labral anterior-posterior lesion, with the physician's appreciation of the overall patient profile seemingly more important than any specific physical test. Imaging of the superior labrum continues to evolve. Research into the interobserver reliability of the arthroscopic diagnosis of a superior labral anterior-posterior lesion has demonstrated a poor level of agreement between clinicians. Surgical techniques for the treatment of superior labral anterior-posterior lesions and supraglenoid cysts continue to evolve. Summary Recent research has provided insights into understanding disorders of the labrobicipital complex. A clearer understanding of issues including normal age-related anatomy and function of the superior labrobicipital complex will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of superior labral anterior-posterior lesions.
Specimen Specific Multiscale Model for the Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Human Cortical Bone Tissue (2007)

The elastic constants of cortical bone are orthotropic or transversely isotropic depending on the anatomic origin of the tissue. Micromechanical models have been developed to predict anisotropic elastic properties from structural information. Many have utilized microstructural features such as osteons, cement lines and Haversian canals to model the tissue properties [1]. Others have utilized nanoscale features to model the mineralized collagen fibril [2]. Quantitative texture analysis using x-ray diffraction techniques has shown that elongated apatite crystals exhibit a preferred orientation in the longitudinal axis of the bone [3]. The orientation distribution of apatite crystals provides fundamental information influencing the anisotropy of the extracellular matrix (ECM) but has not been utilized in existing micromechanical models.
Temperature Evolution as an effect of Wire-bond Failures in a Multi-Chip IGBT Power Module (2020)

Multi-chip power switches consist of several dies in parallel. The temperature of these dies is not equal and evolves during ageing, in part as a consequence of wire-bond degradation. The temperature distribution may impact the condition monitoring and the overall reliability. It is thus necessary to understand how the temperature distribution is modified by wire-bond degradation. In this paper, wirebond lift-offs are reproduced experimentally by sequentially sectioning the hottest wire of the hottest die of a multi-chip IGBT module. The results show that at the beginning of the degradation, hot spots move away from the more recent wire-bond lift-off, contributing to temperature equalization. However, this effect collapses as fewer bonds remain attached towards the end of the module life.
Temporal masking for bit-rate reduction in audio codec based on Frequency Domain Linear Prediction (2008)

Audio coding based on frequency domain linear prediction (FDLP) uses auto-regressive model to approximate Hilbert envelopes in frequency sub-bands for relatively long temporal segments. Although the basic technique achieves good quality of the reconstructed signal, there is a need for improving the coding efficiency. In this paper, we present a novel method for the application of temporal masking to reduce the bit-rate in a FDLP based codec. Temporal masking refers to the hearing phenomenon, where the exposure to a sound reduces response to following sounds for a certain period of time (up to 200 ms). In the proposed version of the codec, a first order forward masking model of the human ear is implemented and informal listening experiments using additive white noise are performed to obtain the exact noise masking thresholds. Subsequently, this masking model is employed in encoding the sub- band FDLP carrier signal. Application of the temporal masking in the FDLP codec results in a bit-rate reduction of about 10% without degrading the quality. Performance evaluation is done with perceptual evaluation of audio quality (PEAQ) scores and with subjective listening tests.
ZIKA-RELATED MACULOPATHY (2017)

We describe a case of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy-like disease in a patient with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-confirmed Zika virus infection.
A 40-nm CMOS Complex Permittivity Sensing Pixel for Material Characterization at Microwave Frequencies (2017)

A compact sensing pixel for the determination of the localized complex permittivity at microwave frequencies is proposed. Implemented in the 40-nm CMOS, the architecture comprises a square patch, interfaced to the material-undertest sample, that provides permittivity-dependent admittance. The patch admittance is read out by embedding the patch in a double-balanced, RF-driven Wheatstone bridge. The bridge is cascaded by a linear, low-intermediate frequency switching downconversion mixer, and is driven by a square wave that allows simultaneous characterization of multiple harmonics, thus increasing measurement speed and extending the frequency range of operation. In order to allow complex permittivity measurement, a calibration procedure has been developed for the sensor. Measurement results of liquids show good agreement with theoretical values, and the measured relative permittivity resolution is better than 0.3 over a 0.1-10-GHz range. The proposed implementation features a measurement speed of 1 ms and occupies an active area of 0.15 × 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , allowing for future compact arrays of multiple sensors that facilitate 2-D dielectric imaging based on permittivity contrast.
An UWB transmitter with power cycling and support for multiple modulation schemes (2012)

A reconfigurable ultra-wideband transmitter using 0.13 μm CMOS technology is presented. The transmitter supports three different modulation schemes: binary phase shift keying, transmitted reference binary phase shift keying and on-off keying. The circuit contains glitch generators that modulate an oscillator combined with a power cycling controller which reduces the power consumption. The simulated output center frequency can be adjusted from 4 to 9 GHz and the transmitter achieves data rates ranging from 1 to 100 Mbps with a power consumption as low as 200 μW at 1 Mbps.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in a Patient with Nail-Patella Syndrome (2020)

In patients with NPS and osteoarthritis limited to one tibiofemoral compartment, a UKA may be successfully performed.
Where is VALDO? VAscular Lesions Detection and segmentatiOn challenge at MICCAI 2021 (2022)

Imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease provide valuable information on brain health, but their manual assessment is time-consuming and hampered by substantial intra- and interrater variability. Automated rating may benefit biomedical research, as well as clinical assessment, but diagnostic reliability of existing algorithms is unknown. Here, we present the results of the \textit{VAscular Lesions DetectiOn and Segmentation} (\textit{Where is VALDO?}) challenge that was run as a satellite event at the international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Aided Intervention (MICCAI) 2021. This challenge aimed to promote the development of methods for automated detection and segmentation of small and sparse imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease, namely enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) (Task 1), cerebral microbleeds (Task 2) and lacunes of presumed vascular origin (Task 3) while leveraging weak and noisy labels. Overall, 12 teams participated in the challenge proposing solutions for one or more tasks (4 for Task 1 - EPVS, 9 for Task 2 - Microbleeds and 6 for Task 3 - Lacunes). Multi-cohort data was used in both training and evaluation. Results showed a large variability in performance both across teams and across tasks, with promising results notably for Task 1 - EPVS and Task 2 - Microbleeds and not practically useful results yet for Task 3 - Lacunes. It also highlighted the performance inconsistency across cases that may deter use at an individual level, while still proving useful at a population level.
Extrahepatic intraductal ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma: bile duct filling defect. (2009)

Ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare but important differentially diagnosed of extrahepatic bile duct filling defect.
Broadband and Wide Field-of-view Plasmonic Metasurface-enabled Waveplates (2014)

Quasi two-dimensional metasurfaces composed of subwavelength nanoresonator arrays can dramatically alter the properties of light in an ultra-thin planar geometry, enabling new optical functions such as anomalous reflection and refraction, polarization filtering, and wavefront modulation. However, previous metasurface-based nanostructures suffer from low efficiency, narrow bandwidth and/or limited field-of-view due to their operation near the plasmonic resonance. Here we demonstrate plasmonic metasurface-based nanostructures for high-efficiency, angle-insensitive polarization transformation over a broad octave-spanning bandwidth. The structures are realized by optimizing the anisotropic response of an array of strongly coupled nanorod resonators to tailor the interference of light at the subwavelength scale. Nanofabricated reflective half-wave and quarter-wave plates designed using this approach have measured polarization conversion ratios and reflection magnitudes greater than 92% over a broad wavelength range from 640 to 1290 nm and a wide field-of-view up to ± 40°. This work outlines a versatile strategy to create metasurface-based photonics with diverse optical functionalities.
A hierarchical approach to parallel multiquery scheduling (1995)

There has been a good deal of progress made recently toward the efficient parallelization of individual phases of single queries in multiprocessor database systems. In this paper we devise and experimentally evaluate a number of scheduling algorithms designed to handle multiple parallel queries. (Scheduling in this context implies the determination of both processor allotments and temporal processor assignments to individual queries and query phases.) One of these algorithms performs the best in our experiments. This algorithm is hierarchical in nature: In the first phase, a good quality precedence based schedule is created for each individual query and each possible number of processors. This component employs dynamic programming. In the second phase, the results of the first phase are used to create an overall schedule of the full set of queries. This component is based on previously published work on nonprecedence-based malleable scheduling. Even though the problem we are considering is NP-hard in the strong sense, the multiple query schedules generated by our hierarchical algorithm are seen experimentally to achieve high quality results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of Frequency Synthesis Error in Narrowband Feedforward Active Noise Control Systems (2007)

This paper analyzes a narrowband feedforward active noise control (ANC) system using internally synthesized sinusoid as the reference signal. The effect of frequency error between the primary noise and the reference signal on the performance of the ANC system is evaluated in terms of noise reduction in steady state. Theoretical analysis shows that the achievable noise reduction is decreased for increased frequency error, but can be improved by using larger step size. These theoretical results are verified by computer simulations of the narrowband ANC system with transfer functions measured from a real experimental setup.
Reconstruction error in 3D ultrasound imaging with mechanical probes (2010)

Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound data are acquired mostly using a dedicated mechanical probe that houses a 1D array transducer. This 1D transducer swivels back and forth continuously in the elevation direction (continuous scanning) for fast acquisition. When 3D ultrasound data are acquired via continuous scanning but the continuous motion of a transducer is not taken into account during reconstruction, the reconstructed volume contains error. In this study, we systematically analyzed this error, which is a complex function of many parameters. The error increases when the transducer angular speed (&omega;) increases. Also, it varies depending on the voxel location inside an acquired volume. The mean error is calculated by averaging the errors at all acquired voxel locations. With a 60-degree volume angle, a 60-degree sector angle, 12-cm scan depth and 48 transmit beams per slice, the mean error is 5.3 mm when &omega; is 0.6 degrees/ms. When &omega; is reduced to 0.1 degrees/ms, the mean error decreases to 0.81 mm. We also assessed the impact of this error on the reconstructed images of a 3D phantom using simulation. At high angular speeds, the error in reconstructed images becomes noticeable and results in missing parts, geometric distortion and lowered image quality.
Inductively coupled modular battery system for electric vehicles (2015)

This study proposes two novel modularised battery systems capable of controlling the power of each module independently, and with inductive interface for convenient battery swapping. The proposed systems aid in overcoming the limitations such as unavailability of electric vehicle (EV) due to battery pack fault and lengthy battery recharging time which largely hampers the adoption of EVs for personal transportation. The proposed systems consist of a plurality of battery modules which are wirelessly coupled to the EV through inductive power transfer technology. The proposed systems are described in detail, and models are presented to analyse their steady‐state behaviours. A design guideline for a 24 kWh 80 kW battery micro‐pack system is discussed. Performances of the proposed topologies are investigated using simulations. To demonstrate the applicability, prototype systems of 1.5 kW are implemented and tested under various operating conditions. Results convincingly indicate that the proposed systems improve the vehicle's availability under fault condition.
Present and Future Of DVD Technology (2005)

The author explains the present status and the future trends in the digital video data storage and computer data storage markets. Secondly, he briefly discusses the role of optical data storage devices for storing the digital video data and computer data, and compare with several other storage devices. After he describes the present status of optical data storage for digital video and computer applications, he explains the future prospects for DVD (Digita1 Video Disc) and relating technologies.
Oblique Hanle measurements of InAs∕GaAs quantum dot spin-light emitting diodes (2006)

We report on studies of electrical spin injection from ferromagnetic Fe contacts into semiconductor light emitting diodes containing single layers of InAs∕GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs). An oblique magnetic field is used to manipulate the spin of the injected electrons in the semiconductor. This approach allows us to measure the injected steady-state spin polarization in the QDs, Pspin as well as estimate the spin losses in the QD spin detector. After subtraction of magneto-optical effects not related to spin injection, we measured a Pspin of 7.5% at 15 K and estimated an injected spin polarization before QD recombination of around 20%.
Biocidal Activity and Mechanism Study of Unsymmetrical Oligo-Phenylene-Ethynylenes (2020)

Bacterial contamination and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demand alternate methods to deal with bacterial infections. With particular advantages, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach. As a kind of photosensitizer for PDT, light-induced antibacterial compounds like oligo-<i>p</i>-phenylene-ethynylenes (OPEs) have been widely investigated while these studies mainly focus on OPEs with quaternary ammonium salts. In our previous study, OPEs with tertiary amino groups (T-OPEs) were reported to exhibit a better antibacterial activity than the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts, which make it important to develop T-OPEs and further investigate their structure-activity relationship. Additionally, the terminal structure of the reported OPEs mainly consists of quaternary ammonium salts or tertiary amino groups, which could not be linked to other materials. Thus, to develop more effective and multifunctional antibacterial agents, we designed and synthesized four unsymmetrical OPEs having terminal amino groups, which could be linked to other functional units by covalent bonds. Their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the mechanism have been investigated. The OPEs showed effective biocidal activity under fiber light irradiation, and no dark killing was observed. The mechanism study indicates that OPEs could penetrate and perturb the cell membrane and generate ROS under light irradiation, both of which could influence their antibacterial activity. The penetrating ability of OPEs is partly dependent on their lipophilicity and the structure and composition of the cell membrane.
Molecular mechanisms of Dicer: endonuclease and enzymatic activity (2017)

The enzyme Dicer is best known for its role as a riboendonuclease in the small RNA pathway. In this canonical role, Dicer is a critical regulator of the biogenesis of microRNA and small interfering RNA, as well as a growing number of additional small RNAs derived from various sources. Emerging evidence demonstrates that Dicer's endonuclease role extends beyond the generation of small RNAs; it is also involved in processing additional endogenous and exogenous substrates, and is becoming increasingly implicated in regulating a variety of other cellular processes, outside of its endonuclease function. This review will describe the canonical and newly identified functions of Dicer.
Passive shimming of MR magnets: algorithm, hardware, and results (1993)

An improved method for allowing a magnetic resonance (MR) magnet to meet its stringent field homogeneity requirements has been developed. The method is called passive shimming and involves the placement of pieces of ferromagnetic material in the magnet bore at locations which are determined from an initial field map. Software and hardware which facilitate this shimming procedure have been developed at GE and successfully implemented in MR scanners around the world. The software uses a linear programming algorithm to minimize the thicknesses of shims at each of a number of allowable locations which will bring the peak-to-peak field error in the volume of interest to its minimum level. The hardware consists of arc-shaped drawers on each of which shim packages may be built up to a predetermined maximum thickness. This shimming technology represents a major cost reduction from the superconducting or resistive electromagnetic correction coils which are typically used to shim a magnet's field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth rate dispersion in MSMPR crystallizers (1985)

Abstract A model is presented which relates the crystal size distribution (CSD) from a mixed–suspension, mixed‐product‐removal (MSMPR) crystallizer to the distribution of growth rates. This model is based on the assumption that individual contact nuclei have some inherent growth rate which remains constant, but the growth rate may vary from crystal to crystal. The crystal size distribution can be calculated from prior knowledge of the growth rate distribution. Even a limited knowledge of only the coefficient of variation and the mean growth rate permits an approximation of the expected crystal size distribution. Conversely, estimates of the mean and variance of the growth rate distribution can be determined from the moments of the CSD from an MSMPR crystallizer.
One button machine for automating feature engineering in relational databases (2017)

Feature engineering is one of the most important and time consuming tasks in predictive analytics projects. It involves understanding domain knowledge and data exploration to discover relevant hand-crafted features from raw data. In this paper, we introduce a system called One Button Machine, or OneBM for short, which automates feature discovery in relational databases. OneBM automatically performs a key activity of data scientists, namely, joining of database tables and applying advanced data transformations to extract useful features from data. We validated OneBM in Kaggle competitions in which OneBM achieved performance as good as top 16% to 24% data scientists in three Kaggle competitions. More importantly, OneBM outperformed the state-of-the-art system in a Kaggle competition in terms of prediction accuracy and ranking on Kaggle leaderboard. The results show that OneBM can be useful for both data scientists and non-experts. It helps data scientists reduce data exploration time allowing them to try and error many ideas in short time. On the other hand, it enables non-experts, who are not familiar with data science, to quickly extract value from their data with a little effort, time and cost.