gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesion and Wetting of Soft Nanoparticles on Textured Surfaces: Transition between Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter States (2015)

We use a combination of the molecular dynamics simulations and scaling analysis to study interactions between gel-like nanoparticles and substrates covered with rectangular shape posts. Our simulations have shown that nanoparticles in contact with substrate undergo a first-order transition between the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel states, which depends on nanoparticle shear modulus, the strength of nanoparticle–substrate interactions, height of the substrate posts, and nanoparticle size, Rp. There is a range of system parameters where these two states coexist such that the average indentation δ produced by substrate posts changes with nanoparticle shear modulus, Gp. We have developed a scaling model that describes deformation of nanoparticle in contact with patterned substrate. In the framework of this model, the effect of the patterned substrate can be taken into account by introducing an effective work of adhesion, Weff, which describes the first-order transition between Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter states. There are two different shape deformation regimes for nanoparticles with shear modulus Gp and surface tension γp. The shape of small nanoparticles with size Rp < γp(3/2)Gp(-1)Weff(-1/2) is controlled by capillary forces, while deformation of large nanoparticles, Rp > γp(3/2)Gp(-1)Weff(-1/2), is determined by nanoparticle elastic and contact free energies. The model predictions are in good agreement with simulation results.
Détection de phase à très faible rapport signal à bruit à l’aide d’un code de parité (2006)

The improvement of carrier phase synchronization through the use of channel decoding information has been recently&#13;\nwidely studied. However, an initial synchronization step is necessary prior to the first decoding iteration. When the phase to&#13;\nestimate is not constant (due to frequency error or phase noise), this first step is problematic on relatively long coded&#13;\nwords. In this paper we propose to add a short single parity-check code to the transmission scheme for the synchronization&#13;\npurpose. The proposed phase detector is based on the soft symbol decoding of the additional code. Our simulation&#13;\nresults show that the proposed synchronization scheme outperforms the classical non data-aided and decision directed&#13;\nalgorithms for continuous transmissions with 8PSK modulation, in presence of phase noise. It allows indeed to reduce&#13;\nthe phase jitter in considerable proportions. Requiring few additional complexity, it seems well adapted to satellite&#13;\ncontinuous transmissions.
2H1534 Adhesion of heat-denatured myosin molecules to myosin filament at high salt concentration(Muscle,Oral Presentation,The 50th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2012)

early showed that the elasticity of myosin is strongly nonlinear.
Advanced Unidirectional Route Assessment (AURA) (2022)

This memo introduces an advanced unidirectional route assessment
(AURA) metric and associated measurement methodology, based on the IP
Performance Metrics (IPPM) Framework RFC 2330. This memo updates RFC
2330 in the areas of path-related terminology and path description,
primarily to include the possibility of parallel subpaths between a
given Source and Destination pair, owing to the presence of multi-
path technologies.
Hemodialysis Vascular Access and Peritoneal Dialysis Access (2003)

Recent developments have spurred a renewed interest in novel solutions to access the patient circulation, mainly concentrating on vascular access for renal replacement therapies and on peritoneal dialysis access.Starting with the epidemiology, the focus then shifts to the evolution of new techniques and monitoring procedures with regard to hemodialysis, which are discussed and evaluated. Attention is also paid to the new biomaterials available, concentrating on their improved biocompatibility and surface characteristics. As developments in the field of peritoneal dialysis have taken a similar turn, new devices providing access to the peritoneal cavity which have recently been made available are introduced next. Last but not least, the management of complications and the continuous maintenance and care of the access with regard to both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are highlighted.This book provides a complete overview of the devices, catheters and methods currently available to ensure successful vascular and peritoneal access. Taking into account both the physiology of the extracorporeal circulation and the mechanisms of peritoneal dialysis with regard to the most adequate access techniques, this is a unique resource for clinicians, investigators and researchers in the field of renal replacement therapy
Low Power Intelligent Wearable Cardiac Sensor Using Discrete Wavelet Compression (2012)

Claiming 17.1 million lives a year, cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of death in the world especially in rural India. Conventional ECG monitoring instruments are quite bulky and if we are able to miniaturize them, then they can be used to collect data in scenarios that were not possible with the traditional systems. The system proposed here describes a low cost, low power wearable wireless sensor which can be used for issuing early warnings of cardiac disease to doctors, who are mostly mobile or who are away from the patient's location. The knowledge of early symptoms of a cardiac disease will provide an opportunity for the doctor to deliver real-time instructions to a relative/care taker for giving urgent medical care to the patient. Power optimisation has been achieved by using wavelet based compression technique (DWT) and also different modes of operation based on the risk factor of the patient. An algorithm based on discrete wavelet compression for power optimisation is developed and it is simulated in MATLAB. The results obtained shows that this technique achieves a power reduction of 22%. The proposed system can be used to deliver better healthcare to rural India, where availability of experienced doctors is almost scarce compared to urban India.
Pathogenesis and therapy of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (1992)

From the McCill AIDS Centre and *Department of Neurology and Centre for Studies in Aging, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McCill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Pattern formation in 4:1 resonance of the periodically forced CO oxidation on Pt(110) (2008)

Periodically forced oscillatory reaction-diffusion systems may show complex spatiotemporal patterns. At high-frequency resonant forcing, multiple-phase patterns can be found. In the present work, the dynamics of turbulent CO oxidation on Pt(110), forced with the fourth harmonic of the system's natural frequency, is investigated. Experiments result in subharmonic entrainment, where the system locks to a quarter of the forcing frequency. Cluster patterns are observed, where different parts of the pattern show a defined phase difference. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulations using the realistic Krischer-Eiswirth-Ertl model for catalytic CO oxidation. Using the fourth harmonic of an uncoupled surface element's natural frequency, we find 3:1 entrainment with three-phase cluster patterns in a wide parameter range of forcing amplitudes and frequency detuning. Numerical analysis of the spatially extended, turbulent system reveals a remarkable upshift of the mean oscillation frequency compared to homogeneous oscillations. Using the fourth harmonic of the most prominent frequency found in the turbulent system results in four-phase patterns with partial or full 4:1 entrainment, depending on the forcing parameters chosen.
Low threshold voltage quarter micron MOSFETs for low power applications (2002)

Low threshold voltage, high performance, quarter micron N/P MOSFETs for 1 V applications were fabricated. A 4.5/spl times/ reduction in switching power with the same switching speed was achieved, when compared with standard Vt devices operated at a higher supply voltage. The feasibility of lowering standby power using substrate bias was shown. The challenges of scaling low Vt devices down to shorter channel lengths and possible scaling approaches are discussed.
Novel local learning rule for neural adaptation fits Hopfield memory networks efficiently and optimally (2013)

We present an algorithm to store binary memories in a Little-Hopfield neural network using minimum probability flow, a recent technique to fit parameters in energy-based probabilistic models. For memories without noise, our algorithm provably achieves optimal pattern storage and outperforms classical methods both in speed and memory recovery. Moreover, when trained on noisy or corrupted versions of a fixed set of binary patterns, our algorithm finds networks which correctly store the originals. We also demonstrate this finding visually with the unsupervised storage and clean-up of large binary fingerprint images from significantly corrupted samples.
Improvements in Host Immunity by Partially Purified Interleukin 1 in Rats with Portacaval Anastomosis and Splenectomy (1986)

Despite the high incidence and severity of bacterial infections in individuals with chronic liver disease, the relative role of host immunity and the effects of immune stimulants have not been fully investigated. To study the role of the liver and spleen in reticuloendothelial system (RES) function and the host response to infection following portacaval anastomosis, 107 Sprague Dawley CD rats received a portacaval anastomosis either with or without an additional splenectomy, or a sham procedure. Animals that had undergone portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy were also administered a nonspecific host immune stimulant, interleukin 1, or saline and the effect on blood bacterial clearance and organ uptake examined. Three to four weeks following surgery, animals that received a portacaval anastomosis had a decreased ability to clear 59Fe-labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the blood and an increased uptake of bacteria in the spleen (p less than 0.01) when compared to sham-treated animals. Rats that received a portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy showed further decreases in blood clearance and increased sequestration of bacteria in the liver (p less than 0.01). Rats with a portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy that received interleukin 1 treatment prior to Pseudomonas bacteremia showed significantly improved blood bacteria clearance (p less than 0.05) and a reduced bacterial sequestration in the liver (p less than 0.001) when compared to similar animals receiving saline. These findings suggest that portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy result in impaired immune function as reflected by blood bacteria clearance and changes in organ sequestration of bacteria. Secondly, pretreatment of those immunocompromised animals with interleukin 1 improves immune function.
A Method for Identifying and Visualizing Foreign Particle Motion Using Time Resolved Particle Tracking Velocimetry (2009)

Gas turbines for aircraft are designed for operation with a clean inlet air flow. This ideal operational condition is often violated during take-off and landing, where the probability of particle ingestion is high with sand and dirt being the most commonly observed foreign particles. Current research on particle ingestion has identified several mechanisms that contribute to performance degradation in the turbine: erosion of internal and external surfaces; and flow blockages of film-cooling holes and internal cooling passages. The focus of the study given in this paper is to present a method that identifies the motion of foreign particles within an internal ribbed passage. The method uses a high-resolution, flowfield interrogation method known as Time-Resolved Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (TRDPIV). Observations from the two-phase flows showed that particle collisions occurred more frequently on the upstream surface of the ribs, especially in the inlet region. Results from these collisions included substantial particle breakup and a particle rebounding phenomenon between the upper and lower walls. Comparisons are made to LES predicted particle trajectories indicating some agreement, but also phenomena that are not predicted due to the inherent assumption of the modeling.
Fabrication of plasmonic waveguides for device applications (2007)

We report on experimental realization of different metal-insulator geometries that are used as plasmonic waveguides guiding electromagnetic radiation along metal-dielectric interfaces via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Three configurations are considered: metal strips, symmetric nanowires and nanowire pairs embedded in a dielectric, and metal V-shaped grooves. Planar plasmonic waveguides based on nm-thin and &mu;m-wide gold strips embedded in a polymer that support propagation of long-range SPPs are shown to constitute an alternative for integrated optical circuits. Using uniform and thickness-modulated gold strips different waveguide components including reflecting gratings can be realized. For applications where polarization is random or changing, metal nanowire waveguides are shown to be suitable candidates for efficient guiding of arbitrary polarized light. Plasmonic waveguides based on metal V-grooves that offer subwavelength confinement are also considered. We focus on recent advances in manufacturing of nanostructured metal strips and metal V-grooves using combined UV, electron-beam and nanoimprint lithography.
Efficacy and Safety of Plecanatide in the Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC): Pooled Results from Two Phase 3 Studies: 2016 ACG Presidential Poster Award (2016)

Introduction: Uroguanylin (UG) is ahuman GI peptide. Itactivates guanylate cyclase-C(GC-C)receptorsin the proximal small intestinein a pH-dependent manner,contributing to fluid secretionandmaintenance of homeostasis in the intestine.Plecanatide,the first UG analog,similarlybindsto GC-C in a pH-dependent manner,and isunderdevelopmentfor chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Our aim was to determinethe efficacy and safety of plecanatide in CIC intwoidentically designedPhase 3 trials.Figure 1Methods: Patients who met modified Rome III criteriafor CICwere randomizedto receive eitherplacebo (PBO)orplecanatide 3mgor6mgoncedaily for 12weeksin two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.Electronic diariescapturedpatient reported informationregarding spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs),complete SBMs (CSBMs),stool consistency andabdominal symptoms.The primaryendpoint for efficacywas theproportion of durable overall CSBM responders defined as patients who were weekly responders(>3 CSBMsplus anincrease of>1 CSBMover baseline in the same week) for at least 9 of the 12 treatment weeks, including at least 3 of the last 4weeks.Secondary endpoints and adverse events(AE)were also assessed. Pooled results are presented. Results: A total of2683 patientswere includedin thecombined Intention-to-Treatpopulation.Baseline characteristics were comparable. Pooledefficacydata showedsignificantly greateroverall durable CSBM respondersin each of theplecanatidegroups(3mg, 20.5%;6mg, 19.8%)when compared tothePBOgroup (11.5%; p < 0.001 both doses).Significant increasesin CSBMswere seenin thefirst weekand weremaintained throughall 12 weeks.Secondary endpoints(stool consistency,straining,bloating)also showed significant improvementcompared toPBO.AErateswere similar in all3groups (3mg, 30.6%; 6mg, 31.1%;PBO, 28.7%).The most common AEwas diarrhea (3 mg, 4.6%; 6 mg, 5.1%;PBO, 1.3%).Discontinuation rates werelowacrossallgroups(3mg, 4.1%; 6mg, 4.5%;PBO,2.2%)as were discontinuation rates due todiarrhea (3mg, 1.9%; 6mg, 1.8%;PBO, 0.4%). Conclusion: Plecanatide significantlyincreased the proportion ofdurable overall CSBM responderswhen compared toPBO.Improvements were seen in the first weekand were maintainedthroughouttreatment. Secondary endpoints were also improved.Plecanatidehada lowincidenceof diarrheaand otherAEs.Plecanatide offers a promising new treatment for patients with CIC.
Density-preserving Deep Point Cloud Compression (2022)

Local density of point clouds is crucial for representing local details, but has been overlooked by existing point cloud compression methods. To address this, we propose a novel deep point cloud compression method that preserves local density information. Our method works in an auto-encoder fashion: the encoder downsamples the points and learns point-wise features, while the decoder upsamples the points using these features. Specifically, we propose to encode local geometry and density with three embeddings: density embedding, local position embedding and ancestor embedding. During the decoding, we explicitly predict the upsampling factor for each point, and the directions and scales of the upsampled points. To mitigate the clustered points issue in existing methods, we design a novel sub-point convolution layer, and an upsampling block with adaptive scale. Furthermore, our method can also compress point-wise attributes, such as normal. Extensive qualitative and quantitative results on SemanticKITTI and ShapeNet demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art rate-distortion trade-off.
Parsing and type inference for natural and computer languages (1989)

Computational and theoretical linguists and computer scientists interested in the computer processing of natural language have converged on a class of grammar formalisms for describing the well-formedness conditions of natural languages. This class is distinguished by its reliance on systems of declarative constraints to explicate natural-language syntax axiomatically, rather than generatively or procedurally. Intuition suggests that these various efforts from a broad range of disciplines form a natural methodological class; still, there is no general foundation on which to ground this impression. We provide a method for abstractly and uniformly characterizing a class of formalisms based on logical constraints, and use the uniformity to define and prove correct a parsing algorithm that applies to any formalism in the class. We discuss the applicability of these techniques to computer languages as well, specifically to type inference. In so doing, extensions of the simple formalism instances typically considered in natural-language analysis are motivated.
This dissertation thus provides a mathematical and computational foundation for, and extensions of, current practices in theoretical and computational linguistics, as well as initiating a rapprochement between the techniques for describing well-formedness of natural and computer languages.
Extensive in silico analysis of NF1 splicing defects uncovers determinants for splicing outcome upon 5′ splice-site disruption (2007)

We describe 94 pathogenic NF1 gene alterations in a cohort of 97 Austrian neurofibromatosis type 1 patients meeting the NIH criteria. All mutations were fully characterized at the genomic and mRNA levels. Over half of the patients carried novel mutations, and only a quarter carried recurrent minor-lesion mutations at 16 mutational warm spots. The remaining patients carried NF1 microdeletions (7%) and rare recurring mutations. Thirty-six of the mutations (38%) altered pre-mRNA splicing, and fall into five groups: exon skipping resulting from mutations at authentic splice sites (type I), cryptic exon inclusion caused by deep intronic mutations (type II), creation of de novo splice sites causing loss of exonic sequences (type III), activation of cryptic splice sites upon authentic splice-site disruption (type IV), and exonic sequence alterations causing exon skipping (type V). Extensive in silico analyses of 37 NF1 exons and surrounding intronic sequences suggested that the availability of a cryptic splice site combined with a strong natural upstream 3' splice site (3'ss)is the main determinant of cryptic splice-site activation upon 5' splice-site disruption. Furthermore, the exonic sequences downstream of exonic cryptic 5' splice sites (5'ss) resemble intronic more than exonic sequences with respect to exonic splicing enhancer and silencer density, helping to distinguish between exonic cryptic and pseudo 5'ss. This study provides valuable predictors for the splicing pathway used upon 5'ss mutation, and underscores the importance of using RNA-based techniques, together with methods to identify microdeletions and intragenic copy-number changes, for effective and reliable NF1 mutation detection.
MCVdb: A database for knowledge discovery in Merkel cell polyomavirus with applications in T cell immunology and vaccinology (2017)

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is associated with more than 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare but highly lethal form of skin cancer. We made use of the immunological data on MCV available through publications and databases and constructed MCV T cell Antigen Database (MCVdb). MCVdb contains 734 curated antigen entries of MCV antigenic proteins and 30 experimentally verified T cell epitopes. The data were subject to extensive quality control (redundancy elimination, error detection, and vocabulary consolidation). A set of computational tools for in-depth analysis, such as sequence comparison using BLAST search, multiple alignments of antigens, and T cell epitope conservation analysis have been integrated within the MCVdb. Predicted Class I and Class II HLA-binding peptides for 15 common HLA alleles are included in this database as putative targets. MCVdb is a unique data source providing a comprehensive list of MCV antigens and peptides. MCVdb is publicly available at http://projects.met-hilab.org/mcv/.
Dual frequency nematic liquid-crystal spatial light modulator with modulation depth 0-2π and operation rate in hundreds Hz region (2002)

The experimental search of the shape of electrical voltage is presented for controlling the optical phase modulator based on dual frequency nematic liquid crystal. Two basic approaches were tested. One is based on universal relation between two driving frequencies, below and above inversion point, respectively. Another approach uses the combination of pulses of both frequencies, which allow us, at first, to provide the fast transition between chosen retardations and , at second, to hold final retardation for the necessary duration.
Plasma choline concentration varies with different dietary levels of vitamins B6, B12and folic acid in rats maintained on choline-adequate diets (2011)

Choline is an important component of the human diet and is required for the endogenous synthesis of choline-containing phospholipids, acetylcholine and betaine. Choline can also be synthesised de novo by the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Vitamins B6, B12 and folate can enhance methylation capacity and therefore could influence choline availability not only by increasing endogenous choline synthesis but also by reducing choline utilisation. In the present experiment, we determined whether combined supplementation of these B vitamins affects plasma choline concentration in a rat model of mild B vitamin deficiency which shows moderate increases in plasma homocysteine. To this end, we measured plasma choline and homocysteine concentrations in rats that had consumed a B vitamin-poor diet for 4 weeks after which they were either continued on the B vitamin-poor diet or switched to a B vitamin-enriched diet for another 4 weeks. Both diets contained recommended amounts of choline. Rats receiving the B vitamin-enriched diet showed higher plasma choline and lower plasma homocysteine concentrations as compared to rats that were continued on the B vitamin-poor diet. These data underline the interdependence between dietary B vitamins and plasma choline concentration, possibly via the combined effects of the three B vitamins on methylation capacity.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor on Antigen-Presenting Cells Suppresses CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses and Promotes Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;