gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges in High Speed Interface Testing (2005)

There is a common trend towards the incorporation of Serial Interfaces into Systems-on-Chips (SoC), both for inter-chip and intra-chip high-bandwidth data transfers. Serial interfaces have the same channel medium drives as Parallel interfaces and provide increased data rates and fewer interconnects. High speed serial interfaces, such as SATA, Hyper- Transport, and PCI Express, are becoming pervasive in networking and in computer equipment. Some computer interfaces are converging to communications interfaces. Today, speeds for these serial interfaces range from 1.5 to 3.3 Gbps; in the near future, they will reach 6.4 Gbps and beyond (Figure 1).
GWiQ-P: an efficient decentralized grid-wide quota enforcement protocol (2005)

Mega grids span several continents and may consist of millions of nodes and billions of tasks executing at any point in time. This setup calls for scalable and highly available resource utilization control that adapts itself to dynamic changes in the grid environment as they occur. In this paper, we address the problem of enforcing upper bounds on the consumption of grid resources. We propose a grid-wide quota enforcement system, called GWiQ-P. GWiQ-P is light-weight, and in practice is infinitely scalable, satisfying concurrently any number of resource demands, all within the limits of a global quota assigned to each user. GWiQ-P adapts to dynamic changes in the grid as they occur, improving future performance by means of improved locality. This improved performance does not impair the system's ability to respond to current requests, tolerate failures, or maintain the allotted quota levels.
High-dynamic-range optical cross-connect device using fiber Bragg gratings (1999)

Used in optical networks, a reconfigurable and low-cost 2/spl times/2 optical cross-connect device based on fiber Bragg gratings and optical limiting amplifiers is investigated and demonstrated. The input dynamic range is over 20 dB for both crossing and passing channels. A small power penalty of 0.6-1.0 dB is found for a two-channel 2.5 Gb/s over a 100-km system demonstration.
Peripheral Nanostructured Porous Silicon Boosts Static and Dynamic Performance of Integrated Electronic Devices (2020)

Abstract Nanomaterials hold the promise of revolutionizing electronics and, in turn, its applications, thanks to the unique properties of charge carriers traveling in structures with length scale down to a few nanometers. Here, the tremendous reduction of mobility and lifetime of charge carriers when traveling in randomly arranged nanostructured silicon crystallites, namely, nanostructured porous silicon (n‐PSi), is leveraged to simultaneously improve the turn‐off switching speed and reverse operation voltage of solid‐state devices integrated nearby. As a proof‐of‐concept application, it is shown that the integration of peripheral n‐PSi next to solid‐state diodes fabricated by an industrial process, namely, PSi‐nanostructured diodes, reliably improves both the breakdown voltage (&gt;2× increase) and switching time (30% reduction), with respect to those of reference diodes without n‐PSi, with no significant drawbacks on other diode parameters. This effect is shown to be robust with respect to n‐PSi preparation conditions and diode architectures, thus paving a new way toward groundbreaking n‐PSi applications in microelectronics.
Modeling, Control, and Validation of Electrohydrostatic Shock Absorbers (2014)

The implementation of variable damping systems to increase the adaptability of mechanical structures to their working environment has been gaining increasing scientific interest, and numerous attempts have been devoted to address vibration control by means of active and semi-active devices. Although research results seem promising in some cases, the proposed solutions are often not able to fulfill requirements in terms of compactness and simplicity on one hand, and dynamic performance on the other. In this context, the present paper discusses the modeling and control of an electrohydrostatic actuation (EHA) system for its implementation as a damping device. A model of the device is proposed and analyzed for design purposes. Subsequently, a damping control strategy is presented. Finally, a case study introduces and validates an EHA prototype for helicopter rotor blade lead–lag damping.
Involvement of the Bufodienolides in the Pathogenesis and Potential Therapy of Preeclampsia, the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Traumatic Brain Injury (2017)

The purpose of this review is to provide detailed information on the evidence for marinobufagenin (MBG) as a predictive and causative factor in preeclampsia(PE), the acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition, evidence is provided that resibufogenin (RBG),the antagonist of MBG is effective in the treatment of all three diseases. Results from experiments conducted on animal models and in human subjects indicate that patients with PE, ARDS and TBI have increased urinary and serum MBG levels. In PE patients, MBG is elevated in the early stages of pregnancy. In ARDS, MBG was elevated in serum samples of hyperoxic rats. MBG levels were also elevated in concussed athletes and in rat studies in which TBI was induced. In the animal models, all three disease processes were prevented/treated by the administration of RBG. Human trials of MBG as a predictor of PE, ARDS and TBI are underway as are studies of RBG as a therapy with respect to its usefulness and safety. Early detection of PE will significantly reduce its effects on pregnancy. ARDS, which has a high mortality rate, would benefit from studies on employing RBG. TBI patients can be diagnosed much more quickly than currently possible utilizing MBG as an early indicator. Furthermore, RBG may serve as a therapy.
V12-08 INITIAL EXPERIENCE WITH VIRTUAL REALITY ENHANCED PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY (2018)

nerve visualization technology in other disciplines to minimize nerve injury at multiple anatomic sites.
Dobesilate diminishes activation of the mitogen ‐ activated protein kinase ERK1/2 in glioma cells (2006)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, regularly expressed at high levels in gliomas, are further upregulated during the transition of the tumor from low- to high-grade malignancy, and are essential for glioma progression. FGFs induce upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in cultured glioma cells, which suggests that MAPK pathway participates in the FGF-dependent glioma development. Recently, it has been shown that dobesilate, an inhibitor of FGF mitogenic activity, shows antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in glioma cell cultures. Accordingly, it should be expected this new synthetic FGF inhibitor to affect the activation levels of MAPK. Here we report that immunocytochemical and Western blot data unequivocally show that treatment of cell cultures with dobesilate causes a significant decrease of the intracellular levels of ERK1/2 activation, one of the components of the MAPK signalling cascade. This finding supports an important role for dobesilate in glioma growth, suggesting that dobesilate should be a treatment to be born in mind for glioma management.
Robust Real-Time Heart Rate Measurement from Face Videos (2021)

Heart rate, the speed of the heartbeat, has been regarded as one of the most important measurements to evaluate one&#x2019;s health. It can be used to measure one&#x2019;s anxiety, stress and illness; abnormalities of heart rate usually indicate potential disease one may have. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to directly measure the heart rate from a sequence of images that contain a person&#x2019;s face. Requiring only a webcam, this method largely simplifies the process of traditional methods, which require the use of a pulse oximeter attached to the fingertip to measure the PPG signal, or electrodes placed on the skin to measure the ECG signal. However, this most recent method, though attracting a lot of interest, still suffers from sudden movement of the head, or turning away from the camera. In this paper, we propose a novel robust method of generating reliable PPG signals and measuring the heart rate from only face videos in real time, which is invariant to the movement of the head. We have also conducted studies on how different factors, light conditions, the angle of the head and the distance of the head away from the camera, could affect the predictions of the heart rate. After conducting a thorough analysis, we can conclude that our method succeeds in producing accurate, robust and promising results.
Noninvasive monitoring of target gene expression by imaging reporter gene expression in living animals using improved bicistronic vectors. (2005)

These findings support the use of SIRES bicistronic vectors for a better assessment of therapeutic gene expression based on reporter gene expression in living subjects.
Topography detection using innovations mismatch method for high speed and high density dynamic mode AFM (2013)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is one of the major advances in recent science that has enabled imaging of samples at the nanometer scale. Over the years, different techniques have been developed to improve the speed, resolution and accuracy of imaging using AFM. As AFMs can scan and deform material with extremely high resolution, it has also been used as a data read-write system where the high or low topography of the sample surface are interpreted as a one or a zero bit. Data storage using this method can produce extremely high data storage density. In this paper a new method called the innovations mismatch method (IM) is developed that can be used for both imaging and data storage applications. The IM scheme utilizes the dynamic mode of operation and therefore is applicable to soft matter interrogation. In this work, IM method is shown to outperform previously developed techniques.
Deep-reactive ion-etched compliant starting zone electrostatic zipping actuators (2005)

This paper presents the modeling, design, fabrication and testing of monolithic electrostatic curved-electrode zipping actuators fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). In contrast to traditional curved-electrode zipping actuators, the design of the actuators presented here utilizes a compliant starting cantilever to significantly reduce the initial pull-in voltage by closing the gap (kerf) generated by DRIE. Thus, the actuators achieve high actuation force at a relatively low voltage. For example, two actuators each with dimensions of 4.5 mm*100 /spl mu/m*300 /spl mu/m are used to drive a bistable MEMS relay. Together, the two actuators provide up to 10 mN of force over their 80 /spl mu/m stroke at 140 V. Measurements of the force-displacement relation of these actuators confirm theoretical expectations based both on numerical and analytical methods. Finite element analysis is employed to predict the behavior of the complete bistable relay system. [1231].
Lifetime estimation due to imprint failure in ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films (2000)

Two different failure modes for a ferroelectric memory cell caused by imprint, the read failure due to the loss of polarization, and the write failure due to the shift of the hysteresis loop are investigated. The quasistatic hysteresis loop allows us to distinguish which failure mode is dominating in a ferroelectric random access memory application and, hence, it can also be used as a powerful tool for lifetime estimation of ferroelectric thin films limited by imprint failure under operating conditions. The experimental results show that the write failure is only decisive for very low voltage operation (Vp&amp;lt;1.25 V), whereas for the Pt/SrBi2Ta2O9/Pt under investigation the read failure is the dominant failure mode for operating voltages exceeding 1.25 V.
The FAIR Cookbook - the essential resource for and by FAIR doers (2022)

Nowadays, the FAIR Principles guide data policy actions and professional practices in the public and private sectors. However, despite such global endorsements, the FAIR Principles are aspirational, remaining elusive at best, and intimidating at worst. To address the lack of practical guidance, and help with capability gaps, we developed the FAIR Cookbook, an online resource of hands-on recipes for “FAIR doers” in the Life Sciences. Launched in 2020, and created by researchers and data managers professionals in academia, pharmas and information service industries, the <strong>FAIR Cookbook</strong> covers the key steps in a FAIRification journey, the levels and indicators of FAIRness, the maturity model, the technologies, the tools and the standards available, as well as the skills required, and the challenges to achieve and improve data FAIRness. In this pre-print, we present the FAIR Cookbook, its creation and content, its value, use and adoptions, as well as the participatory process, collaborative plans for sustainability, and its adoption. The full list of FAIR Cookbook Recipes’ Authors is here.<em> </em> At European Commission (EC) level, the FAIR Cookbook is recommended by the IMI/IHI Project Guidelines for “Open Access to Publication and Research Data, and the Horizon Europe Work Programme for Health; and it is among the ELIXIR flagship resources, and it is embedded in the ELIXIR Scientific Programme. <strong>For more information, please, contact the Editorial Board at faircookbook-ed@elixir-europe.org</strong>
Crystal Structures of Highly Constrained Substrate and Hydrolysis Products Bound to HIV-1 Protease. Implications for the Catalytic Mechanism (2008)

HIV-1 protease is a key target in treating HIV infection and AIDS, with 10 inhibitors used clinically. Here we used an unusual hexapeptide substrate, containing two macrocyclic tripeptides constrained to mimic a β strand conformation, linked by a scissile peptide bond, to probe the structural mechanism of proteolysis. The substrate has been cocrystallized with catalytically active synthetic HIV-1 protease and an inactive isosteric (D25N) mutant, and three-dimensional structures were determined (1.60 Å). The structure of the inactive HIVPR(D25N)/substrate complex shows an intact substrate molecule in a single orientation that perfectly mimics the binding of conventional peptide ligands of HIVPR. The structure of the active HIVPR/product complex shows two monocyclic hydrolysis products trapped in the active site, revealing two molecules of the N-terminal monocyclic product bound adjacent to one another, one molecule occupying the nonprime site, as expected, and the other monocycle binding in the prime site in the reverse orientation. The results suggest that both hydrolysis products are released from the active site upon cleavage and then rebind to the enzyme. These structures reveal that N-terminal binding of ligands is preferred, that the C-terminal site is more flexible, and that HIVPR can recognize substrate shape rather than just sequence alone. The product complex reveals three carboxylic acids in an almost planar orientation, indicating an unusual hexagonal homodromic complex between three carboxylic acids. The data presented herein regarding orientation of catalytic aspartates support the cleavage mechanism proposed by Northrop. The results imply strategies for design of inhibitors targeting the N-terminal side of the cleavage site or taking advantage of the flexibility in the protease domain that accommodates substrate/inhibitor segments C-terminal to the cleavage site.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Peptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Series of Novel 4,5‐Dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3H‐imidazo( 4,5‐c)pyridine Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Controlled Coupling in Silicon Microrings for High-Speed, High Extinction Ratio, and Low-Chirp Modulation (2011)

Silicon-on-insulator microring modulators with integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer couplers exhibiting drive voltages near 1 V, modulation insertion loss &lt; 1 dB, extinction ratios as large as 16 dB, and low chirp are demonstrated.
Complete Tryptic Digestion of Membrane Protein Bacteriorhodopsin (2003)

Conclusions Integral membrane proteins play vital roles in many cellular and physiological processes. Due to their hydrophobic nature, characterization of the integral membrane proteins is very difficult. Surfactants are typically used to enhance protein solubility prior to enzymatic digestion. However, introduction of surfactant usually causes reduction in proteolytic enzyme activity and compromises the downstream liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. We applied a novel acid degradable surfactant, RapiGestTM SF, to improve the solubility of a model membrane protein, Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) upon enzymatic digestion. Observed peptides from LC/MS analysis cover 99% of the protein sequence.
Computer-Controlled Motorized Endoscopic Grasper for In Vivo Measurement of Soft Tissue Biomechanical Characteristics (2002)

Accurate biomechanical characteristics of tissues are essential for developing realistic virtual reality surgical simulators utilizing haptic devices. Surgical simulation technology has progressed rapidly but without a large database of soft tissue mechanical properties with which to incorporate. The device described here is a computer-controlled, motorized endoscopic grasper capable of applying surgically relevant levels of force to tissue in vivo and measuring the tissue's force-deformation properties.
Introduction of Fluorine (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Perfluorination and Selective Direct Fluorination Electrochemical Fluorination (ECF) Nucleophilic Fluorination Synthesis and Reactivity of Fluoroaromatic Compounds Transformations of Functional Groups “Electrophilic” Fluorination References
Hydrosilylation with Biscarbene Rh(I) Complexes: Experimental Evidence for a Silylene-Based Mechanism (2010)

A detailed study investigating the mechanism of the hydrosilylation of 4-F-acetophenone by N-heterocyclic biscarbene rhodium(I) complexes was performed, delivering substantial experimental evidence for a recently proposed catalytic cycle and explaining the observed side-product formation. Labeling experiments, silylene trapping reactions, and specific catalytic reactions were employed to substantiate each step of the catalytic cycle and explain the differences observed for different types of chiral catalysts. It is further shown that hydrosilylation and dehydrocoupling reactions with dihydrosilanes are mechanistically related.
Das „Wanzlick-Gleichgewicht“ (2000)

1,3-dialkylierte Benzimidazolin-2-ylidene sind der Schlüssel für den Nachweis des so genannten Wanzlick-Gleichgewichts zwischen elektronenreichen Tetraaminoethylenen und N-heterocyclischen Carbenen [Gl. (1)]. Dieses Gleichgewicht wurde kürzlich von zwei Arbeitsgruppen unabhängig von einander nachgewiesen. Ausgehend von Dibenzotetraazafulvalenen wurde es in Abwesenheit von Elektrophilen NMR-spektroskopisch quantifiziert.
The effect of recreational cannabis legalization and commercialization on substance use, mental health, and injury: a systematic review (2023)

RCL was associated with increased rates of cannabis-related hospitalizations. RCL and/or RCC was associated with increased rates of cannabis-related ED visits, consistently shown across sex and age groups. The effect on fatal motor vehicle incidents was mixed, with observed increases found after RCL and/or RCC. The effect of RCL or RCC on opioids, alcohol, intentional injury, and mental health is not clear. These results inform population health initiatives and international jurisdictions considering RCL implementation.
Chimeric T Helper-B Cell Peptides Induce Protective Response Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Mice (2007)

Virus neutralizing MAb binding and T helper cell stimulating peptide epitopes from structural and non-structural proteins of Japanese encephalitis virus were delineated. It was observed that priming by T helper peptides potentiated neutralizing antibody response against JE virus. Immunization with chimeric T helper - B cell peptides could thus protect mice from lethal challenge with JE virus.
MO805CAUSAL PATHWAY-BASED PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELING OF VASCULAR CALCIFICATION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (2021)

Abstract Background and Aims Vascular calcification (VC) is common sequelae in chronic and end-stage kidney diseases (CKD/ESKD), and is associated with multiple risk factors, including disturbed bone metabolism and mineral disorders (CKD-BMD), uremia, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanism involves multiple physiological processes and is not well understood. The study aims to develop a causal pathway-based physiological model describing patient-specific drivers of vascular calcification. Method We develop a causal pathway-based physiological modeling that utilizes clinical data to identify patients with high risks of progression of VC and cardiometabolic diseases to provide multifactorial intervention strategies targeting the risk factors. We investigate the response of pulse pressure (PP, a proxy for pulse wave velocity) to parathyroid hormones (PTH), calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), calcium-phosphate product (CaPO4), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and albumin (Alb). Pulse pressure may account for both cardiac and vascular conditions (e.g., atrial fibrillation, aortic insufficiency, arterial stiffness or arteriovenous malformation, aortic valve stenosis, cardiac insufficiency or cardiac tamponade). Results We demonstrate the causal pathway of PTH, Ca, PO4, NLR, and Alb on PP, and find that there are likely paths from PTH, Ca, PO4, CaPO4, NLR to PP, where the strength of the relationships vary from patient to patient. Figure 1 shows a representative patient. Figure 1(a) shows the longitudinal data for the aforementioned clinical parameters. Using a subset of the data (1 year was used), we extracted causal relationships between the clinical (Fig. 1(b)). As shown in Fig. 1(c), some of the relationships are physiologically consistent with current knowledge of the PTH, Ca, and PO4 disturbances on CKD-BMD, vascular calcification being one of the axes. Also, NLR is a measure of inflammation, which is also known to promote vascular calcification. Further, potential pathways were also detected, namely the direct or mediated effects of Alb and PTH on PP (as shown in Figs. 1(b)-(c)). Using these pathways, a dynamic model describing these interactions can be used to prescriptive investigate the impact of the dynamics on the progression of calcification. Conclusion From the clinical variables, the method was able to extract both known and potential drivers for changes on PP for the representative patients. Additional study is needed to confirm these relationships both prospectively, clinical investigation of potential pathways, and to further observe the long-term clinical manifestation of vascular calcification.
DC-50 GHz small-size HJFET MMIC switch for high power applications (1996)

This paper describes a very small size SPST (single pole single throw) MMIC switch, in which a novel ohmic electrode sharing technology (OEST) has been employed. OEST reduces MMIC chip size by arraying FETs without intentionally wiring the series FET with the shunt FET. The developed SPST switch, excluding bonding pads, has achieved very small size of 0.17 mm × 0.07 mm, which is as small as a single-FET pattern with four gate fingers. Small-signal characterization exhibits excellent switching performance, including ON/OFF ratio of better than 20 dB from dc to 50 GHz. The increase in the insertion loss with increasing the input power is less than 1 dB up to an input power of 20.55 dBm at 40 GHz. The ON/OFF ratio is better than 20 dB up to an input power of 17.55 dBm, indicating excellent power handling capability at millimeter-wave frequencies.