gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial chemical reactions between MoS2 lubricants and bearing materials (1989)

XPS and conversion-electron Moessbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) were used to examine iron that was deposited on the basal plane of MoS2 single crystals and subjected to vacuum annealing, oxidizing, and reducing environments. Iron either intercalated into the MoS2 structure or formed oriented iron sulfides, depending on the level of excess S in the MoS2 structure. CEMS data demonstrated that iron sulfide crystal structures preferentially aligned with respect to the MoS2 basal plane, and that alignment (and potentially adhesion) could be varied by appropriate high-temperature annealing procedures.
The Distributed Multiple Voting Problem (2011)

A networked set of agents holding binary opinions does not seem to be able to compute its majority opinion by means of local binary interactions only. However, the majority problem can be solved using two or more bits, instead of one (F. Bénézit , “Interval consensus: From quantized gossip to voting”, Apr. 2009, pp. 3661-3664). Pairs of agents asynchronously exchange their states and update them according to a voting automaton. This paper presents binary voting automata as well as solutions to the multiple voting problem, where agents can vote for one candidate among |C| ≥ 2 candidates and need to determine the majority vote. The voting automata are derived from the pairwise gossip algorithm, which computes averages. In the binary case (|C|=2), we focus on averages in dimension 1, but in the multiple case (|C| ≥ 2) we quantize gossip in dimension |C| - 1 , which is larger than or equal to 1. We show in particular that a consensus on majority can be reached using 15 possible states (4 bits) for the ternary voting problem, and using 100 possible states (7 bits) for the quaternary voting problem.
P1‐276: ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE OF A FULLY AUTOMATED CHEMILUMINESCENT β‐AMYLOID 1‐40 ASSAY ON THE LUMIPULSE G SERIES (2018)

The major constituents of amyloid plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are β-amyloid peptides consisting of 42 and 40 amino acids (Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40). Quantification of the two amyloid peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has proven to be of value in the diagnosis of AD and distinguishing AD from other neurodegenerative dementias. Analytical performance of the novel fully automated Lumipulse G β-Amyloid 1-40 assay (under development) for the quantification of β-amyloid1-40 was evaluated. The LUMIPULSE G instrument series use single, ready-to-use immunoreaction cartridges with a throughput of 60 and 120 tests/hour for the G600II and the G1200 instrument, respectively. Each cartridge generates quantitative results within approximately 30 minutes. The Lumipulse G β-Amyloid 1-40 assay under development uses established monoclonal antibodies. Analytical assay performance was characterized according to CLSI guidelines. Using a panel of CSF and control samples, assay variability was determined and resulted in total CV ≤ 7% and ≤ 4%, respectively. The LoD was shown to be < 5 pg/mL and the LoQ < 15 pg/mL. No high dose hook effect was observed for samples containing up to 125000 pg/mL of β-amyloid1-40. Linearity was shown across the clinical relevant range. A method comparison study with the INNOTEST® β-AMYLOID (1-40) assay demonstrated a good correlation (r>0.90). Automation, the mono test cartridge principle, short throughput times, and instrument flexibility are key attributes of the LUMIPULSE G instrument series making it the ideal platform to fulfill today's needs for rapid and accurate quantification of CSF biomarkers. The novel Lumipulse G β-Amyloid 1-40 assay (under development) shows good sensitivity and precision, correlates well with the INNOTEST assay and allows for the calculation of the β-amyloid1-42/ β-amyloid1-40 ratio.
The InSight HP$^3$ Penetrator (Mole) on Mars: Soil Properties Derived From the Penetration Attempts and Related Activities (2021)

The NASA InSight Lander on Mars includes the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package HP$^3$ to measure the surface heat flow of the planet. The package uses temperature sensors that would have been brought to the target depth of 3--5 m by a small penetrator, nicknamed the mole. The mole requiring friction on its hull to balance remaining recoil from its hammer mechanism did not penetrate to the targeted depth. Instead, by precessing about a point midway along its hull, it carved a 7 cm deep and 5-6 cm wide pit and reached a depth of initially 31 cm. The root cause of the failure - as was determined through an extensive, almost two years long campaign - was a lack of friction in an unexpectedly thick cohesive duricrust. During the campaign -- described in detail in this paper -- the mole penetrated further aided by friction applied using the scoop at the end of the robotic Instrument Deployment Arm and by direct support by the latter. The mole finally reached a depth of 40 cm, bringing the mole body 1--2 cm below the surface. The penetration record of the mole and its thermal sensors were used to measure thermal and mechanical soil parameters such as the thermal conductivity and the penetration resistance of the duricrust and its cohesion. The hammerings of the mole were recorded by the seismometer SEIS and the signals could be used to derive a P-wave velocity and a S-wave velocity and elastic moduli representative of the topmost tens of cm of the regolith. The combined data were used to derive a model of the regolith that has an about 20 cm thick duricrust underneath a 1 cm thick unconsolidated layer of sand mixed with dust and above another 10 cm of unconsolidated sand. Underneath the latter, a layer more resistant to penetration and possibly consisting of debris from a small impact crater is inferred.
Increased Akt-mTOR Signaling in Lung Epithelium Is Associated with Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice (2010)

Pregnancy in women with diabetes is associated with a higher risk of perinatal complications. In particular, infants of diabetic mothers frequently suffer from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is a leading cause of death in preterm infants and is considered to be primarily due to hyperinsulinemia in infants in response to maternal hyperglycemia. To elucidate the mechanism of how insulin signaling induces RDS, bronchoalveolar epithelium-specific Akt1 transgenic (TG) mice were generated. Akt1 overexpression in fetal lung epithelium resulted in RDS in preterm infants born by Caesarean section at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5). The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) and its target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were downregulated in the lung of Akt1 TG mice. Inhibition of the Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis by rapamycin restored the expression of VEGF and improved the lung pathology of Akt1 TG pups. Rapamycin also attenuated the RDS phenotype in wild-type mice delivered preterm at E17.5. In cultured lung epithelial cells, insulin reduced VEGF expression and transcriptional activity of HIF-2 on VEGF promoter in an mTOR-dependent manner. Thus, aberrant activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway in lung epithelium plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of infant RDS, presumably through downregulation of HIF-2-dependent VEGF expression in the lung.
A multi directional dielectric lens approach for antennas used in industrial RADAR applications (2013)

A multi directional dielectric lens approach for beam steering on the basis of an ellipsoidal antenna is presented in this paper. Good antenna characteristics allow a modification of the feeding device used for the desired beam steering in industrial RADAR applications at 24 GHz. Based on a geometrical-optical lens approach and 3D-electromagnetic field simulations the antenna is investigated and the resulting effects of the modification are discussed. The antenna beam is steerable in a wide range, only limited by the antenna dimensions. Using a movable waveguide or multiple feeding elements in one antenna within the same plane, an adjustable beam direction as well as a multistatic beam steering can be realized. Measurements of a prototype confirm the expected behaviour and demonstrate the applicability of the dielectric ellipsoidal lens antenna for beam steering in industrial RADAR applications.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antimicrobial SAR of Benzyl and Phenyl Guanidine and Aminoguanidine Hydrazone Derivatives (2022)

A series of benzyl, phenyl guanidine, and aminoguandine hydrazone derivatives was designed and in vitro antibacterial activities against two different bacterial strains (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>) were determined. Several compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against the bacterial strains evaluated, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the low µg/mL range. Of all guanidine derivatives, 3-[2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)]-benzyloxy derivative <b>9m</b> showed the best potency with MICs of 0.5 µg/mL (<i>S. aureus</i>) and 1 µg/mL (<i>E. coli</i>), respectively. Several aminoguanidine hydrazone derivatives also showed good overall activity. Compounds <b>10a</b>, <b>10j</b>, and <b>10r</b>-<b>s</b> displayed MICs of 4 µg/mL against both <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. In the aminoguanidine hydrazone series, 3-(4-trifluoromethyl)-benzyloxy derivative <b>10d</b> showed the best potency against <i>S. aureus</i> (MIC 1 µg/mL) but was far less active against <i>E. coli</i> (MIC 16 µg/mL). Compound <b>9m</b> and the <i>para</i>-substituted derivative <b>9v</b> also showed promising results against two strains of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). These results provide new and potent structural leads for further antibiotic optimisation strategies.
Induction of a protective antibody‐dependent response against toxoplasmosis by in vitro excreted/secreted antigens from tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (1988)

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite which causes severe disease in congenitally infected children and in immunocompromised patients. Besides the well-defined cytoplasmic and membrane antigens of tachyzoites, we felt that excreted/secreted antigens could play a major role in the immune response. We first report the development of a well-controlled procedure for obtaining tachyzoite excreted/secreted antigens (E/SA) in cell-free incubation media. The E/SA immunogenic in human, rat and mouse toxoplasmosis were then characterized. The major E/SA recognized by human sera from the chronic phase of toxoplasmosis had molecular weights of 108, 97, 86, 69, 60, 57, 42, 39, 28.5, 27 and 26 kD. When injected into +/+ Fischer rats, E/SA elicited high antibody titres. In addition, passive transfer of these sera to highly susceptible nu/nu littermates induced a significant degree of protection towards the virulent RH strain of T. gondii. This work, which demonstrates the key role played by E/SA in the protective immune response, suggests that these antigens should be of value both for diagnostic purposes and for the development of new strategies for immunization against toxoplasmosis.
Photoinactivation of Moraxella catarrhalis Using 405‐nm Blue Light: Implications for the Treatment of Otitis Media (2020)

Moraxella catarrhalis is one of the major otopathogens of otitis media (OM) in childhood. M. catarrhalis tends to form biofilm, which contributes to the chronicity and recurrence of infections, as well as resistance to antibiotic treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL; 405 nm), an innovative nonpharmacological approach, for the inactivation of M. catarrhalis OM. M. catarrhalis either in planktonic suspensions or 24-h old biofilms were exposed to aBL at the irradiance of 60 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> . Under an aBL exposure of 216 J cm<sup>-2</sup> , a >4-log<sub>10</sub> colony-forming units (CFU) reduction in planktonic suspensions and a >3-log<sub>10</sub> CFU reduction in biofilms were observed. Both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed aBL-induced morphological damage in M. catarrhalis. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography results indicated that protoporphyrin IX and coproporphyrin were the two most abundant species of endogenous photosensitizing porphyrins. No statistically significant reduction in the viability of HaCaT cells was observed after an aBL exposure of up to 216 J cm<sup>-2</sup> . Collectively, our results suggest that aBL is potentially an effective and safe alternative therapy for OM caused by M. catarrhalis. Further in vivo studies are warranted before this optical approach can be moved to the clinics.
Macrophomate Synthase:  QM/MM Simulations Address the Diels−Alder versus Michael−Aldol Reaction Mechanism (2005)

Macrophomate synthase (MPS) of the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophoma commelinae catalyzes the transformation of 2-pyrone derivatives to the corresponding benzoate analogues. The transformation proceeds through three separate chemical reactions, including decarboxylation of oxalacetate to produce pyruvate enolate, two C-C bond formations between 2-pyrone and pyruvate enolate that form a bicyclic intermediate, and final decarboxylation with concomitant dehydration. Although some evidence suggests that the second step of the reaction catalyzed by MPS is a Diels-Alder reaction, definite proof that the C-C bond formations occur via a concerted mechanism is still required. An alternative route for formation of the C-C bonds is a stepwise Michael-aldol reaction. In this work, mixed quantum and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) combined with Monte Carlo simulations and free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations were performed to investigate the relative stabilities of the transition states (TS) for both reaction mechanisms. The key results are that the Diels-Alder TS model is 17.7 and 12.1 kcal/mol less stable than the Michael and aldol TSs in the stepwise route, respectively. Therefore, this work indicates that the Michael-aldol mechanism is the route used by MPS to catalyze the second step of the overall transformation, and that the enzyme is not a natural Diels-Alderase, as claimed by Ose and co-workers (Nature 2003, 422, 185-189; Acta Crystallogr. 2004, D60, 1187-1197). A modified link-atom treatment for the bonds at the QM/MM interface is also presented.
New Cryptographic Algorithms for HIP (1998)

This document provides new cryptographic algorithms to be used with
HIP. The Edwards Elliptic Curve and the Keccak sponge functions are
the main focus. The HIP parameters and processing instructions
impacted by these algorithms are defined.
Small-molecule PARP modulators--current status and future therapeutic potential. (2010)

PARP-1 inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapeutic class of compounds, and numerous PARP inhibitors, including iniparib (BiPar Sciences Inc/sanofi-aventis), olaparib (AstraZeneca plc), veliparib (Abbott Laboratories), PF-1367338 (Pfizer Inc), MK-4827 (Merck & Co Inc) and CEP-9722 (Cephalon Inc), have advanced into clinical trials. Several additional inhibitors are expected to enter clinical trials within the next year. Early investigations with PARP-1 inhibitors involved non-oncological indications, but development has since progressed to focus primarily on oncology, for use both as single chemotherapeutic agents in specific patient populations (eg, BRCA-deficient) and as combination therapies with various chemotherapeutics. This review focuses on new developments in lead clinical PARP inhibitors, recent disclosures of new inhibitors and the potential use of PARP-1 inhibitors in new disease settings.
Query-By-Conducting: An Interface To Retrieve Classical-Music Interpretations By Real-Time Tempo Input. (2010)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Channel characterization for CDMA RAKE receiver design for urban environment (2003)

Future mobile communication systems based on DS-CDMA require detailed characterization of the radio channel in the multipath delay domain (for short, the path domain). CDMA system designers need channel information in the form of RAKE fingers for successful receiver design. This work presents analysis of measurement results for obtaining active RAKE fingers and their characteristics.
P‐120: Inkjet‐Printable Composite Electrode and Device Architectures for the Inverted Phosphorescent OLED (2012)

Abstract Composite electrode with fine line metallic grid was fabricated by ink‐jet printing process. By the adjustment of the pitch of grid pattern, condition of 90–95% aperture ratio was applied for the production of semi‐transparent electrode comparable with ITO. We have prepared the optimum composite electrode structure with metal grid/semi‐conducting layer (such as poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) ‐ PEDOT:PSS) for the normal and inverted organic light emitting diode (OLED). Luminous efficiency of 19.3 cd/A was obtained for green phosphorescent device, while the general performance of reference device on ITO are 20–23 cd/A. Inverted bottom and top emission OLEDs utilizing the metal grid composite electrodes were optimized, aiming for the adaptation on the flexible device architecture.
Hybrid Analog-Digital Beamforming for Massive MIMO Systems (2017)

In massive MIMO systems, hybrid beamforming is an essential technique for exploiting the potential array gain without using a dedicated RF chain for each antenna. In this work, we consider the data phase in a massive MIMO communication process, where the transmitter and receiver use fewer RF chains than antennas. We examine several different fully- and partially connected schemes and consider the design of hybrid beamformers that minimize the estimation error in the data. For the hybrid precoder, we introduce a framework for approximating the optimal fully-digital precoder with a feasible hybrid one. We exploit the fact that the fully-digital precoder is unique only up to a unitary matrix and optimize over this matrix and the hybrid precoder alternately. Our alternating minimization of approximation gap (Alt-MaG) framework improves the performance over state-of-the-art methods with no substantial increase in complexity. In addition, we present a special case of Alt-MaG, minimal gap iterative quantization (MaGiQ), that results in low complexity and lower mean squared error (MSE) than other common methods, in the case of very few RF chains. MaGiQ is shown to coincide with the optimal fully-digital solution in some scenarios. For combiner design, we exploit the structure of the MSE objective and develop a greedy ratio trace maximization technique, that achieves low MSE under various settings. All of our algorithms can be used with multiple hardware architectures.
Transforming the Dynamic Response of Robotic Structures and Systems Through Laminar Jamming (2017)

Researchers have developed variable-impedance mechanisms to control the dynamic response of robotic systems and improve their adaptivity, robustness, and efficiency. However, these mechanisms have limitations in size, cost, and convenience, particularly for variable damping. We demonstrate that laminar jamming structures can transform the dynamic response of robotic structures and systems while overcoming these limitations. In laminar jamming, an external pressure gradient is applied to a laminate of compliant material, changing its stiffness and damping. In this latter, we combine analysis, simulation, and characterization to formulate a lumped-parameter model that captures the nonlinear mechanical behavior of jamming structures and can be used to rapidly simulate their dynamic response. We illustrate that by adjusting the vacuum pressure, the fundamental features of the dynamic response (i.e., frequency, amplitude, decay rate, and steady-state value) can be tuned on command. Finally, we demonstrate that jamming structures can be integrated into soft structures and traditional rigid robots to considerably alter their response to impacts. With the models and demonstrations provided here, researchers may move further toward building versatile and transformative robots.
Modification of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Capped Quantum Dots with Nickel Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Self-Assembly with Histidine-Tagged Proteins (2010)

We describe the design and preparation of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) modified with terminal nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) groups via simple EDC (N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride) condensation, to form QD-Ni-NTA complexes. The QDs were prepared starting from CdSe-ZnS core−shell QDs surface-capped with carboxy-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) ligands. This modification allowed coupling of a controllable number of oligohistidine-tagged proteins via metal-affinity interactions. In particular, QD-Ni-NTA complexes were coupled to 5×His-tagged maltose binding proteins labeled with Texas red, where effective formation of the QD-MBP-Texas red conjugates was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies. The stability of the QD-MBP conjugates was further tested inside live cells following microinjection directly into the cytoplasm. This design expands on the good colloidal stability afforded by our earlier PEG-based modular ligands which provided QDs with great colloidal stability over a broad range of biologically relevant conditions.
Evaluation of a new environmentally stable positive tone chemically amplified deep-UV resist (1994)

Similar to most of the reported positive deep-UV resists, this new resist is also a chemically amplified system. However, unlike other resists, this resist if resilient to airborne base contaminants and it shows stable resist linewidth with more than 24 hours delay between exposure and develop. This resist has high sensitivity (17-18 mJ/cm2), high contrast (7), high resolution (0.35 micrometers with (lambda) equals 248 nm and NA equals 0.37) and large process latitude in deep UV-lithography. This system does not require postexposure bake. When a postexposure bake is introduced, the linewidth variation is in the range of 2-3 nm per degree. This eliminates the concern of linewidth variation in resist images due to slight variation of postexposure baking temperature, which is commonly encountered in chemically amplified resist systems. This resist system is environmentally stable like conventional DQ system; at the same time, it retains most of the merits of chemically amplified system.
Effects of time and level of energy supplementation on intake and digestibility of low-quality tall fescue hay by sheep (1992)

Effects of time and level of energy supplementation on forage intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal pH were investigated with sheep fed low-quality tall fescue hay either alone (control; C) or supplemented (S) with concentrate at 10 (low; L) or 20% (high; H) of ad libitum forage intake; supplement was offered at 08:00 or 15:00 h. Supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) digestible dry matter intake (DMI), total tract organic matter digestibility, N intake, and N digestibility, but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) mean and minimum ruminal pH compared with C. Offering supplement at 08:00 h increased (P &lt; 0.05) forage and total DMI, N intake, fecal N excretion and maximum ruminal pH, but lowered (P &lt; 0.05) total tract digestibility of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and organic matter, and mean and minimum ruminal pH compared with 15:00 h. A high level of supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.10) digestible DMI, postruminal digestion of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and hemicellulose (HC), but lowered (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal digestion of HC and NDF (P &lt; 0.10), mean ruminal pH (P &lt; 0.10) and total tract ADF digestion (P &lt; 0.05) compared with L. These data suggest that the substitution effects of concentrate feeding on forage intake can be mitigated by changing the time of day when supplement is offered in relation to forage. Key words: Supplementary feeding, feed intake, digestibility, sheep