gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Early Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer (2015)

Diagnosis ........................................................................................................................... 322 10.9 Advantages and Challenges in Developing Molecular Biomarkers for EarlyDetection ........................................................................................................................... 323ABSTRACT One of the major challenges in cancer research is the identication of stable biomarkers, which can be routinely measured noninvasively in easily accessible samples. Ovarian cancer is one such disease that would benet from improved diagnostic markers.
Beyond the Bloch equations: A wave function-based approach to selective excitation in condensed media (1993)

An optimization procedure for producing selective excitation of molecules undergoing stochastic dephasing collisions is presented. The collisional effects are incorporated by propagating the Schrödinger equation with random perturbations. The optimization procedure utilizes gradients of the perturbation-averaged physical objective with respect to the laser field parameters; we demonstrate on a model problem that very few averages over collisional events suffice to yield converged results. Therefore, this method is computationally efficient because large averaging of dynamical simulations is not necessary. These results show the viability of the optimal control procedure for application to controlling chemical reactions in solution.
Multiantenna spectrum sensing of a second-order cyclostationary signal (2011)

We consider spectrum sensing of a second-order cyclostationary signal received at multiple antennas. The proposed detector exploits both the spatial and the temporal correlation of the received signal, from knowledge of the fundamental period of the cyclostationary signal and the eigenvalue multiplicities of the temporal covariance matrix. All other parameters, such as the channel gains or the noise power, are assumed to be unknown. The proposed detector is shown numerically to outperform state-of-the-art detectors for spectrum sensing of an OFDM signal, both when using a single antenna and with multiple antennas.
Coherent and differentially coherent multiuser detectors for asynchronous CDMA frequency-selective channels (2003)

The authors consider an asynchronous CDMA (code-division multiple-access) frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel in which a central receiver has knowledge of the signature waveforms of all users. Low-complexity coherent and differentially coherent multiuser detectors are analyzed for this scenario. The receivers consist of a bank of matched filters followed by a multipath decorrelating detector, appropriate multipath diversity combining, and demodulation. The performance of the derived detectors is expressed by the single-user error rate. The conventional single-user RAKE receiver suffers from near-far effects in the multiuser scenario, due to the fading nature of the channel. This results in an error probability floor for high signal-to-noise ratios and limits the multiple-access capability of the system. In contrast, both multiuser detectors alleviate the near-far problem, providing significant performance improvement in the CDMA frequency-selective fading channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Politics of China (2011)

Thirty years ago, China was emerging from one of the most traumatic periods in its history. The Chinese people had been ravaged by long years of domestic struggle, terrible famine and economic and political isolation. Today, China has the world's second largest economy and is a major player in global diplomacy. This volume, written by some of the leading experts in the field, tracks China's extraordinary transformation from the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, through the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and the death of Chairman Mao, to its dynamic rise as a superpower in the twenty-first century. The latest edition of the book includes a new introduction and a seventh chapter which focuses on the legacy of Deng Xiaoping, the godfather of China's transformation, under his successors Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao.
Corrections: Extracellular ATP in T-Lymphocyte Activation: Possible Role in Effector Functions (1991)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Orthogonality factor in WCDMA downlinks in urban macrocellular environments (2005)

Multipath dispersion leads to the loss of orthogonality between signals transmitted simultaneously on a wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) downlink. The orthogonality factor (OF), which models its impact in the link signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) equation, depends - to a large extent - on the power delay profile of the multipath channel between the mobile and its serving base station. We use the comprehensive and general COST259 channel model for urban cellular environments to evaluate the impact on the OF of multipath clusters and distance-dependence of the multipath delay decay time constant, both of which have been observed in several channel measurements. The observed large standard deviation of the OF indicates that using a single value for all users in downlink capacity analyses and simulations, as has been the practice, may lead to erroneous conclusions. We also propose an empirical model to analytically characterize the observed statistics of the OF
Screening for non-delta F508 mutations in five exons of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in Italy. (1991)

Analysis of exons 10, 11, 14a, 15, and 20 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene by denaturing-gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed the identification of mutations causing cystic fibrosis (CF) in 25 of 109 non-delta F508 chromosomes, as well as identification of a number of polymorphisms and sequence variations. Direct sequencing of the PCR fragments which showed an altered electrophoretic behavior not attributable to known mutations has led to the characterization of four new mutations, two in exon 11, and one each in exons 15 and 20. Screening for the different mutations thus far identified in our patients by the DGGE analysis and other independent methods should allow detection of about 70% of the molecular defects causing CF in Italy. Mutations located in exons 11 and 20 account for at least 30% of the non-delta F508 mutations present in Italian CF patients.
Collaboration and shared plans in the open world: studies of ridesharing (2009)

We develop and test computational methods for guiding collaboration that demonstrate how shared plans can be created in real-world settings, where agents can be expected to have diverse and varying goals, preferences, and availabilities. The methods are motivated and evaluated in the realm of ridesharing, using GPS logs of commuting data. We consider challenges with coordination among self-interested people aimed at minimizing the cost of transportation and the impact of travel on the environment. We present planning, optimization, and payment mechanisms that provide fair and efficient solutions to the rideshare collaboration challenge. We evaluate different VCG-based payment schemes in terms of their computational efficiency, budget balance, incentive compatibility, and strategy proofness. We present the behavior and analyses provided by the ABC ridesharing prototype system. The system learns about destinations and preferences from GPS traces and calendars, and considers time, fuel, environmental, and cognitive costs. We review how ABC generates rideshare plans from hundreds of real-life GPS traces collected from a community of commuters and reflect about the promise of employing the ABC methods to reduce the number of vehicles on the road, thus reducing CO2 emissions and fuel expenditures. 1
VEGF-A isoform modulation in an preclinical TNBS model of ulcerative colitis: protective effects of a VEGF164b therapy (2013)

This is the first report using an endogenous inhibitory VEGF-A isoform for therapy in a model of experimental colitis. Inhibitory VEGF molecules play an important role in maintenance of gut homeostasis and may be dysregulated in UC. The results of this study suggest that restoration of rVEGF164(b) expression has anti-inflammatory activity in a TNBS model and warrants further examination as a possible therapeutic for UC.
Cationic copolymerization of isosorbide towards value-added poly(vinyl ethers) (2019)

Biomass-derived isosorbide (IS) was converted into a mono-glycal (<italic>i.e.</italic> vinyl ether) derivative (Gly-IS) to investigate its efficacy for cationic polymerization.
AttentionCode: Ultra-Reliable Feedback Codes for Short-Packet Communications (2023)

Ultra-reliable short-packet communication is a major challenge in future wireless networks with critical applications. To achieve ultra-reliable communications beyond 99.999%, this paper envisions a new interaction-based communication paradigm that exploits feedback from the receiver. We present AttentionCode, a new class of feedback codes leveraging deep learning (DL) technologies. The underpinnings of AttentionCode are three architectural innovations: AttentionNet, input restructuring, and adaptation to fading channels, accompanied by several training methods, including large-batch training, distributed learning, look-ahead optimizer, training-test signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) mismatch, and curriculum learning. The training methods can potentially be generalized to other wireless communication applications with machine learning. Numerical experiments verify that AttentionCode establishes a new state of the art among all DL-based feedback codes in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and fading channels. In AWGN channels with noiseless feedback, for example, AttentionCode achieves a block error rate (BLER) of 10−7 when the forward channel SNR is 0 dB for a block size of 50 bits, demonstrating the potential of AttentionCode to provide ultra-reliable short-packet communications.
Current Status of Hard X-Ray Nano-Tomography on the Transmission Microscope at the ANATOMIX Beamline (2022)

The transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) on the Anatomix beamline welcomed its first nano-tomography users in 2019. The instrument is based on diffractive optics and works in the range of energies from 7 keV to 21 keV. A spatial resolution in 3D volumes of better than 100 nm can be achieved. The design allows imaging samples in air, and local tomography as well as off-axis tomography scans are possible. Scans below and above K-edges can be made to access elemental distribution. The TXM serves materials science and the bio-medical field.
A Mathematical Model for Pressure Compensating Emitters (2015)

This paper presents a mathematical model investigating the physics behind pressure-compensating (PC) drip irrigation emitters. A network of PC emitters, commonly known as drip irrigation, is an efficient way to deliver water to crops while increasing yield. Irrigation can provide a means for farmer to grow more sensitive, and profitable crops and help billions of small-holder farmers lift themselves out of poverty. Making drip irrigation accessible and economically viable is important for developing farmers as most face the challenges of water scarcity, declining water tables and lack of access to an electrical grid. One of the main reasons for the low adoption rate of drip irrigation in the developing world is the relatively high cost of the pumping power. It is possible to reduce this cost by reducing the required activation pressure of the emitters, while maintaining the PC behavior. The work presented here provides a guide of how design changes in the emitter could allow for a reduction in the activation pressure from 1 bar to approximately 0.1 bar. This decrease in the activation pressure of each emitter in turn decreases the system driving pressure. This reduction of driving pressure will decrease the energy need of pumping, making a solar-powered system affordable for small-acreage farmers. This paper develops a mathematical model to describe the PC behavior in a commercially available emitter. It is a 2D model that explains the relationship between the pressure, structural deformation and fluid flow within a PC emitter. A parametric study has been performed to understand the effects of geometric and material parameters with regards to the activation pressure and PC behavior. This knowledge will help guide the designs and prototypes of optimized emitters with a lower activation pressure, while also providing the PC behavior.
Total Synthesis of the Thiopeptide Antibiotic Amythiamicin D (2005)

The thiopeptide (or thiostrepton) antibiotics are a class of sulfur containing highly modified cyclic peptides with interesting biological properties, including reported activity against MRSA and malaria. Described herein is the total synthesis of the thiopeptide natural product amythiamicin D, which utilizes a biosynthesis-inspired hetero-Diels-Alder route to the pyridine core of the antibiotic as a key step. Preliminary studies using a range of serine-derived 1-ethoxy-2-azadienes established that hetero-Diels-Alder reaction with N-acetylenamines proceeded efficiently under microwave irradiation to give 2,3,6-trisubstituted pyridines. The thiazole building blocks of the antibiotic were obtained by either classical Hantzsch reactions or by dirhodium(II)-catalyzed chemoselective carbene N-H insertion followed by thionation, and were combined to give the bis-thiazole that forms the left-hand fragment of the antibiotic. The key Diels-Alder reaction of a tris-thiazolyl azadiene with benzyl 2-(1-acetylaminoethenyl)thiazole-4-carboxylate gave the core tetrathiazolyl pyridine, which was elaborated into the natural product by successive incorporation of glycine and bis-thiazole fragments followed by macrocyclization.
Dennard Scaling in Optoelectronics: Scientific Challenges and Countermeasures of Micro‐LEDs for Displays (2022)

Abstract Scaling‐down is the most significant technical strategy to improve performance for microelectronic devices, which is first performed systematically by Robert H. Dennard for silicon integrated circuits. Its main idea is that device parameters such as doping and junction depth must be adjusted when shrinking the dimensions of a field‐effect transistor so that the power density can remain unchanged. Recently, miniaturization of light‐emitting diodes or “microscale light‐emitting diodes (Micro‐LEDs)” is gaining much attention because of their potential for superior display technologies. However, the scaling‐down of LEDs used for solid‐state lighting (SSL) results in extremely low efficiency devices, with the reasons and underlying device physics still unclear. Here the law of Micro‐LED scaling is proposed in analogy to Dennard scaling, through which new perspectives are provided to comprehensively understand the root cause of Micro‐LED inefficiency and the scientific challenges to be addressed for mass commercialization, including subthreshold radiation, size‐dependent effect, and the enhancement of carrier recombination at low current density.
Association of Plasmodium berghei With the Apical Domain of Hepatocytes Is Necessary for the Parasite's Liver Stage Development (2020)

<i>Plasmodium</i> parasites undergo a dramatic transformation during the liver stage of their life cycle, amplifying over 10,000-fold inside infected hepatocytes within a few days. Such a rapid growth requires large-scale interactions with, and manipulations of, host cell functions. Whereas hepatocyte polarity is well-known to be critical for liver function, little is presently known about its involvement during the liver stage of <i>Plasmodium</i> development. Apical domains of hepatocytes are critical components of their polarity machinery and constitute the bile canalicular network, which is central to liver function. Here, we employed high resolution 3-D imaging and advanced image analysis of <i>Plasmodium</i>-infected liver tissues to show that the parasite associates preferentially with the apical domain of hepatocytes and induces alterations in the organization of these regions, resulting in localized changes in the bile canalicular architecture in the liver tissue. Pharmacological perturbation of the bile canalicular network by modulation of AMPK activity reduces the parasite's association with bile canaliculi and arrests the parasite development. Our findings using <i>Plasmodium</i>-infected liver tissues reveal a host-<i>Plasmodium</i> interaction at the level of liver tissue organization. We demonstrate for the first time a role for bile canaliculi, a central component of the hepatocyte polarity machinery, during the liver stage of <i>Plasmodium</i> development.
Radio frequency transmyocardial revascularization enhances angiogenesis and causes myocardial denervation in canine model (2000)

RF-TMR enhances angiogenesis and causes myocardial denervation in canine myocardium as with laser TMR.
Development of MOEMS and micro optical components at INO (2017)

Aggressive R&amp;D and commercialization programs targeting various types of micromirror-based micro-opto- electromechanical systems (MOEMS) have been realized at INO. These activities are accompanied by development of enabling technologies and selected micro-optical components such as various types of diffractive optical elements and refractive microlens arrays. Micro-optics technology development was considered essential for the manufacturing of functional devices and instruments making use of MOEMS. Moreover, a strong contribution from INO's optical design group was also solicited for the development of application specific optical and optomechanical components. These created a required critical mass for rapid development of selected manufacturing methods and particular components and devices. All the microfabrication activities are conducted in INO's 6,500 square foot clean room facility fully equipped for processing of Si and other material wafers with a diameter up to 150 mm.
Photocatalytic proton reduction by a computationally identified, molecular hydrogen-bonded framework (2020)

A hydrogen-bonded organic framework is an effective photocatalyst for producing hydrogen from water. Its crystal structure is key to its activity; a chemically identical, amorphous version is almost inactive, as rationalized by crystal structure prediction.
An optimizing compiler for batches of temporal logic formulas (2004)

Model checking based on validating temporal logic formulas has proven practical and effective for numerous software engineering applications. As systems based on this approach have become more mainstream, a need has arisen to deal effectively with large batches of formulas over a common model. Presently, most systems validate formulas one at a time, with little or no interaction between validation of separate formulas. This is the case despite the fact that, for a wide range of applications, a certain level of redundancy between domain-related formulas can be anticipated.This paper presents an optimizing compiler for batches of temporal logic formulas. A component of the Carnauba model checking system, this compiler addresses the need to handle batches of temporal logic formulas by leveraging the framework common to optimizing programming language compilers. Just as traditional optimizing compilers attempt to exploit redundancy and other solvable properties in a program to reduce the demand on a runtime system, this compiler exploits similar properties in groups of formulas to reduce the demand on a model checking engine. Optimizations are performed via a set of distinct, interchangeable optimization passes operating on a common intermediate representation. The intermediate representation captures the full modal mu-calculus, and the optimization techniques are applicable to any temporal logic subsumed by that logic. The compiler offers a unified framework for expressing some well understood single-formula optimizations as well as numerous inter-formula optimizations that capitalize on redundancy, logical implication, and, optionally, model-specific knowledge. It is capable of working either in place of, or as a preprocessor for, other optimization algorithms. The result is a system that, when applied to a potentially heterogeneous collection of formulas over a common problem domain, is able to measurably reduce the time and space requirements of the subsequent model checking engine.
Development of DMA-Faraday Cup Electrometer system for measurement of submicron aerosol particles (2000)

A measurement system consisting of a Long Differential Mobility Analyzer (LDMA) and a Faraday Cup Electrometer (FCE) was developed to investigate the performance of the system for measuring the size distribution of submicron airborne particles. The LDMA was designed to have an extended classification zone in order to classify particles up to 1 μm. A new data reduction program was prepared to convert the electrical mobility distribution data obtained with the FCE into a particle size distribution. By using the program, the size distribution of TiO2 particles determined by the present system agreed with that measured by a combination of the LDMA and a condensation nucleus counter. The system was also evaluated using polydispersed, submicron SiO2 particles generated by a spray drying method. The results show that the present system performs well and is a useful tool available for measuring particles size over a wide range.
Separation of cannabinoids on three different mixed‐mode columns containing carbon/nanodiamond/amine‐polymer superficially porous particles (2015)

Three mixed-mode high-performance liquid chromatography columns packed with superficially porous carbon/nanodiamond/amine-polymer particles were used to separate mixtures of cannabinoids. Columns evaluated included: (i) reversed phase (C18 ), weak anion exchange, 4.6 × 33 mm, 3.6 μm, and 4.6 × 100 mm, 3.6 μm, (ii) reversed phase, strong anion exchange (quaternary amine), 4.6×33 mm, 3.6 μm, and (iii) hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, 4.6 × 150 mm, 3.6 μm. Different selectivities were achieved under various mobile phase and stationary phase conditions. Efficiencies and peak capacities were as high as 54 000 N/m and 56, respectively. The reversed phase mixed-mode column (C18 ) retained tetrahydrocannabinolic acid strongly under acidic conditions and weakly under basic conditions. Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid was retained strongly on the reversed phase, strong anion exchange mixed-mode column under basic polar organic mobile phase conditions. The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column retained polar cannabinoids better than the (more) neutral ones under basic conditions. A longer reversed phase (C18 ) mixed-mode column (4.6 × 100 mm) showed better resolution for analytes (and a contaminant) than a shorter column. Fast separations were achieved in less than 5 min and sometimes 2 min. A real world sample (bubble hash extract) was also analyzed by gradient elution.