gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro Grid Architecture for Line Fault Detection and Isolation (2015)

One of the major problems power grids system face today is the inability to continuously deliver power at the consumer side. The main reason for this is the occurrence of faults and its long term persistence within the system. This persistence of faults causes the cascading failure of the system, thereby adversely affecting the connected loads. Traditional methods of fault isolation cause the shutdown of power to a large area to maintain the system stability. Today, localization of faults and its isolation is doing manually. Therefore, a localized fault recovery mechanism is very essential to maintain the system;s stability after the occurrence of a fault. In this paper, we have developed fast fault detection and isolation mechanism for single phase to neutral line fault in a three phase islanded micro grid scenario. The fault detection and isolation during the islanded operation mode of a micro grid is very critical, since bidirectional power flow is present. The fault detection mechanism we developed can detect and isolate the fault within a few milliseconds and localize the fault within a two second delay for both in single and bi-directional power flow scenarios. The proposed system is capable of locating the exact faulted segment with the aid of the communication network integrated into the power grid. The implemented system was tested with different ranges of fault current and the analysis showed that the proposed system could localize the fault with less than a two second delay.
Soliton superlattices in twisted hexagonal boron nitride (2019)

Properties of atomic van der Waals heterostructures are profoundly influenced by interlayer coupling, which critically depends on stacking of the proximal layers. Rotational misalignment or lattice mismatch of the layers gives rise to a periodic modulation of the stacking, the moiré superlattice. Provided the superlattice period extends over many unit cells, the coupled layers undergo lattice relaxation, leading to the concentration of strain at line defects - solitons - separating large area commensurate domains. We visualize such long-range periodic superstructures in thin crystals of hexagonal boron nitride using atomic-force microscopy and nano-infrared spectroscopy. The solitons form sub-surface hexagonal networks with periods of a few hundred nanometers. We analyze the topography and infrared contrast of these networks to obtain spatial distribution of local strain and its effect on the infrared-active phonons of hBN.
Optimum design of the thin-type four-axis force/moment sensor for a robot finger (2010)

A multi-axis force/moment sensor, which can measure force and moment, is useful for robotic force control. However, the smallest multi-axis force/moment sensor has excess height, which restricts postures in tasks by a robot hand. In this paper, we aim to develop the thin-type four-axis force/moment sensor that can measure the twisting moment on the finger cushion of a robot hand and improve performance of this sensor by structural optimization, including strain gauge. As a result of applying structural optimization techniques using response surface method and desirability function on the four-axis force/moment sensor by finite element analysis, we obtained optimum design variables and validated the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Finally, we made the production model of this sensor and performed characteristics test by applying optimum design variables. We obtained sufficient sensitivities concerning each axial load by sensitivity evaluation of experimental results and showed the effectiveness of the developed sensor.
Effects of structured mid-spatial frequency surface errors on image performance (2010)

Optical designers are encouraged to adopt aspheric and free-form surfaces into an increasing number of design spaces because of their improved performance. However, residual tooling marks from advanced aspheric fabrication techniques are difficult to remove. These marks, typically in the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) regime, give rise to structured image artifacts. Using a theory developed in previous publications, this paper applies the fundamentals of MSF modeling to demonstrate how MSF errors are evaluated and toleranced in an optical system. Examples of as-built components with MSF errors are analyzed using commercial optical design software.
A Tc-99m-Labeled Long Chain Fatty Acid Derivative for Myocardial Imaging (2004)

C-11- and I-123-labeled long chain fatty acid derivatives have been reported as useful radiopharmaceuticals for the estimation of myocardial fatty acid metabolism. We have reported that Tc-99m-labeled N-[[[(2-mercaptoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-6-aminohexanoic acid ([(99m)Tc]MAMA-HA), a medium chain fatty acid derivative, is metabolized by beta-oxidation in the liver and that the MAMA ligand is useful for attaching to the omega-position of fatty acid derivatives as a chelating group for Tc-99m. On the basis of these findings, we focused on developing a Tc-99m-labeled long chain fatty acid derivative that reflected fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium. In this study, we synthesized a dodecanoic acid derivative, MAMA-DA, and a hexadecanoic acid derivative, MAMA-HDA, and performed radiolabeling and biodistribution studies. [(99m)Tc]MAMA-DA and [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA were prepared using a ligand-exchange reaction. Biodistribution studies were carried out in normal mice and rats. Then, a high initial uptake of Tc-99m was observed, followed by a rapid clearance from the heart. The maximum heart/blood ratio was 3.6 at 2 min postinjection of [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA. These kinetics were similar to those with postinjection of p-[(125)I]iodophenylpentadecanoic acid. Metabolite analysis showed [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA was metabolized by beta-oxidation in the body. In conclusion, [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA is a promising compound as a long chain fatty acid analogue for estimating beta-oxidation of fatty acid in the heart.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the BC Ring System of Taxol (1997)

Abstract Optically active 2α,10β-dibenzyloxy-11β-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-7β-hydroxy-1α-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)–8β,15,15-trimethyl-4-methylene-trans-bicyclo[6.4.0]dodecan-9-one 2 that corresponds to BC ring system of Taxol was prepared from 8-membered ring enone 3 in high yield via stereoselctive Michael addition and successive intramolecular aldol cyclization. The above 8-membered ring enone 3 was synthesized from the linear optically active polyoxy-compound 4 by SmI2-mediated intramolecular aldol cyclization.
Neuromorphic Sensing for Yawn Detection in Driver Drowsiness (2023)

Driver monitoring systems (DMS) are a key component of vehicular safety and essential for the transition from semiautonomous to fully autonomous driving. A key task for DMS is to ascertain the cognitive state of a driver and to determine their level of tiredness. Neuromorphic vision systems, based on event camera technology, provide advanced sensing of facial characteristics, in particular the behavior of a driver's eyes. This research explores the potential to extend neuromorphic sensing techniques to analyze the entire facial region, detecting yawning behaviors that give a complimentary indicator of tiredness. A neuromorphic dataset is constructed from 952 video clips (481 yawns, 471 not-yawns) captured with an RGB color camera, with 37 subjects. A total of 95200 neuromorphic image frames are generated from this video data using a video-to-event converter. From these data 21 subjects were selected to provide a training dataset, 8 subjects were used for validation data, and the remaining 8 subjects were reserved for an "unseen" test dataset. An additional 12300 frames were generated from event simulations of a public dataset to test against other methods. A CNN with self-attention and a recurrent head was designed, trained, and tested with these data. Respective precision and recall scores of 95.9 percent and 94.7 percent were achieved on our test set, and 89.9 percent and 91 percent on the simulated public test set, demonstrating the feasibility to add yawn detection as a sensing component of a neuromorphic DMS.
Data from Optical Imaging with Her2-Targeted Affibody Molecules Can Monitor Hsp90 Treatment Response in a Breast Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To determine whether optical imaging can be used for &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; therapy response monitoring as an alternative to radionuclide techniques. For this, we evaluated the known Her2 response to 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride (17-DMAG) treatment, an Hsp90 inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; After &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; 17-DMAG treatment response evaluation of MCF7 parental cells and 2 HER2-transfected clones (clone A medium, B high Her2 expression), we established human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice (only parental and clone B) for &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; evaluation. Mice received 120 mg/kg of 17-DMAG in 4 doses at 12-hour intervals intraperitonially (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 14) or PBS as carrier control (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9). Optical images were obtained both pretreatment (day 0) and posttreatment (day 3, 6, and 9), always 5 hours postinjection of 500 pmol of anti-Her2 Affibody-AlexaFluor680 via tail vein (with preinjection background subtraction). Days 3 and 9 &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; optical imaging signal was further correlated with &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; Her2 levels by Western blot after sacrifice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Her2 expression decreased with 17-DMAG dose &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; optical imaging signal was reduced by 22.5% in clone B (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and by 9% in MCF7 parental tumors (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.23) 3 days after 17-DMAG treatment; optical imaging signal recovered in both tumor types at days 6 to 9. In the carrier group, no signal reduction was observed. Pearson correlation of &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; optical imaging signal with &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; Her2 levels ranged from 0.73 to 0.89.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Optical imaging with an affibody can be used to noninvasively monitor changes in Her2 expression &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; as a response to treatment with an Hsp90 inhibitor, with results similar to response measurements in positron emission tomography imaging studies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 1073–81. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A miniaturized spectroscopy system for complex permittivity detection of organic mixtures in the 0.65&#x2013;2 GHz frequency range (2013)

In this paper, a 0.65-2 GHz miniaturized wideband dielectric spectroscopy system for complex permittivity detection and binary mixture characterization is proposed. The sensing operation is based on using I-Q mixers to measure the change in the magnitude and phase of a microwave signal passing through a capacitive divider when exposed to the material under test (MUT). Unique sensor calibration and detection algorithms are applied for the complex permittivity detection of binary mixtures with a relative error less than 2.5%.
Transient Cooling and Heating Effects in Holey Silicon-Based Lateral Thermoelectric Devices for Hot Spot Thermal Management (2021)

Lateral thermoelectric devices, where the Peltier cooling and heating occur in a lateral direction, have shown promise for thermal management of on-chip hot spots, and because of the device orientation, thermoelectric materials with anisotropic properties such as holey silicon have shown even more promising cooling potential. However, the role of anisotropy in transient cooling and heating effects is little known, and thermal management optimization using a pulse has not been considered with anisotropic materials. Here, we study temporal and spatial interplays of Peltier, Joule, and Thomson effects in a holey silicon-based lateral thermoelectric device with varying pulse conditions and material properties. Our simulations show a supercooling effect, driven by Peltier cooling before Joule heating diffuses in, and that holey silicon with anisotropic thermal conductivities is favorable by delaying the diffusion in the lateral direction while allowing rapid heat dissipation in the vertical direction. Depending on the local temperature distribution, the Thomson effect is shown to strengthen the supercooling effect. A holey silicon-based thermoelectric device with a 1 kW · cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> hot spot shows temperature reductions from 117 °C to 102 °C in steady-state and temporarily to 100 °C with optimal pulse conditions. The transient cooling performance can be further improved by incorporating phase-change materials within holey silicon, in which their melting process delays a temperature overshoot. The anisotropy, specific heat, and latent heat play important roles in determining the transient cooling performance. Our findings show that lateral thermoelectric devices with anisotropic properties are promising for dynamic thermal management of on-chip hot spots.
CGK‐211, a Novel Carbazole Derivative, Suppresses Canonical Wnt Signaling by Promoting β‐Catenin Degradation (2015)

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Supplementary Table 1 from Influence of Affinity and Antigen Internalization on the Uptake and Penetration of Anti-HER2 Antibodies in Solid Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Influence of Affinity and Antigen Internalization on the Uptake and Penetration of Anti-HER2 Antibodies in Solid Tumors
An IoT-based Precision Agriculture Project for Education in Circuits and Systems (2022)

In this paper, we present how education can be involved in innovative CAS-based solutions and precision agriculture. We focus on a student project dedicated to plant growth monitoring using the Internet of Things (IoT). The objective was to make the students aware of the need for electronic solutions to sustain food production. They were proposed to design and deploy a network of connected devices using LoRa technology to monitor plants in our engineering school, ENSEIRB-MATMECA. We choose a deployment in LoRa technology in order to master the deployment of the network from the beginning to the end. Their work was divided into 3 parts: sensors, radiofrequency circuitry and data management.
Disaster resilience in communication networks: part 2 [Guest Editorial] (2014)

We experience society’s growing dependence on electronic communication networks in every aspect of our lives. With this comes the expectation that communication networks are readily available all the time. Networking protocols are designed to address some simple failures, such as when a packet is dropped, a retransmission occurs, or the size of the transmission window is adjusted to accommodate congestion. Similarly, routing protocols have the functionality to route around a failure. That is, communications networks have certain built-in resilience for certain specific types of failure situations. Furthermore, networks can be designed with backup paths and capacity to protect against a failure as part of critical infrastructure protection.
Clear-Cell Sarcoma of Tendons and Aponeuroses:Report of Two Cases (1977)

Two cases of clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses are reported. The first patient was a 19-year-old man with a tumor in the medial collateral ligament of the knee. The tumor was enucleated, and after postoperative radiotherapy a wide local excision was done. The patient was symptomless 4 1/2 years after the operation. The other patient was a man aged 68 with a tumor between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon. He also received postoperative radiotherapy after enucleation. Three months later a metastasis was noticed in the ipsilateral para-iliac nodes. The patient died 16 months after the operation. The histology and clinical course of the two cases are analyzed. Some integrative remarks based on earlier reports of 33 cases and the present two cases are presented.
Rejection — More Than the Eye Can See (2005)

In comparing current clinical outcomes in renal transplantation with those of 30 years ago,1 graft failure from immunologic factors and death from opportunistic infection in the first year after transplantation are no longer common clinical outcomes. The therapeutic regimens used today to prevent and treat rejection or infection among renal-transplant recipients bear only a small resemblance to those used 30 years ago.In contrast, the diagnostic strategies used to detect rejection and distinguish it from other causes of renal dysfunction have not budged during the past two decades. A rise in the level of serum creatinine suggests allograft dysfunction, but . . .
Understanding the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2with Heterometallic Molybdenum(V) Phosphate Polyoxometalates in Aqueous Media (2021)

Three crystalline heterometallic molybdenum(V) phosphates have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They all contain {M[P4Mo6O28(OH)3]2}16– [M = Mn(II) or Co(II)] polyoxometalate (POM) units, with the M ions sandwiched between two {P4MoV6} rings. In the presence of Fe(II) ions in the reaction medium, a three-dimensional (3D) Fe–Mn compound built from the connection of Mn(P4Mo6)2 units to Fe(II) and Fe(III) centers by extra phosphate ions is obtained. Alternatively, the introduction of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes in the synthetic medium prevents the formation of such high-dimensional compounds. In the two Ru(bpy)–Mn and Ru(bpy)–Co hybrids, chains are indeed formed, whereby the Mn(P4Mo6)2 or Co(P4Mo6)2 anions are bridged by Mn(II) or Co(II) ions, respectively. The charge of these anionic chains is compensated by neighboring [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes. Among these three compounds, only Fe–Mn and Ru(bpy)–Mn are active for the heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into CH4 as the major product and CO (yield in CH4 of 1440 and 600 nmol g–1 h–1 with selectivity in CH4 equal to 92.6 and 85.2%, respectively, under 8 h irradiation) in water, in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as an electron donor and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a photosensitizer. A density functional theory (DFT) analysis allowed for proposing a reaction mechanism involving the formation of a solvated electron via photoionization of a one-electron reduced [RuII(bpy)2(bpy•–)]+ complex as the key step to reduce CO2 to CO2•–. The latter can then coordinate to the peripheral M(II) ions to yield CO through electron- and proton-transfer steps involving reduced POMs and protons generated in the photooxidation of the sacrificial donor. Concerning the nonactive compound, Ru(bpy)–Co, DFT calculations revealed that the Co(II) dimers present in the structure may spontaneously take the extra electron out of CO2•– to form a Co–Co bond, releasing CO2 back. Finally, preliminary results suggest that the reduction of CO to CH4 could be photochemically accomplished by the POM-based materials in the presence of TEOA, with no mechanistic requirement for the participation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+.
Data from Myeloid Cells Obtained from the Blood but Not from the Tumor Can Suppress T-cell Proliferation in Patients with Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have emerged as an immune-regulatory cell type that is expanded in tumor-bearing mice, but less is known about their immune-suppressive role in patients with cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To study the importance of MDSC in patients with melanoma, we characterized the frequency, phenotype, and suppressive function of blood myeloid-derived cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in 26 freshly resected melanomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Blood and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (Lin&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) could be phenotypically and morphologically classified into monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and immature myeloid cells according to marker expression (CD14&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, CD14&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; CD15&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt;, CD14&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; CD15&lt;sup&gt;int&lt;/sup&gt;, and CD14&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; CD15&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively). In contrast to the expansion of MDSC reported in tumor-bearing mice, we found no differences in the frequency and phenotype of myeloid subsets in the blood of patients with melanoma compared with healthy donors. Myeloid cells represented 12% of the live cells in the melanoma cell suspensions, and were phenotypically diverse with high tumor-to-tumor variability. Interestingly, a positive association was found between the percentage of Tregs and granulocytic cells (Lin&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CD14&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;CD15&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) infiltrating melanoma tumors. However, melanoma-infiltrating myeloid cells displayed impaired suppression of nonspecific T-cell proliferation compared with peripheral blood myeloid cells, in which monocytes and eosinophils were suppressive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings provide a first characterization of the nature and suppressive function of the melanoma myeloid infiltrate and indicate that the suppressive function of MDSC in patients with melanoma seems far less than that based on murine tumor models. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5212–23. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Constructive Lyapunov control design for turbocharged diesel engines (2000)

Presents a control design method for diesel engines equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger and an exhaust gas recirculation valve. Our control objective is to regulate the air-fuel ratio and the fraction of recirculated exhaust gas to their respective set points that depend on engine operating conditions. Interactions between the two actuators and nonlinear behavior of the system make the problem difficult to handle using classical control design methods. Instead, we employ a control Lyapunov function (CLF) based nonlinear control design method because it possesses a guaranteed robustness property equivalent to gain and phase margins. The CLF is constructed using input-output linearization of a reduced order diesel engine model. The controller has been tested in simulations on the full order model as well as experimentally in the dynamometer test cell.
Photon Emission Spectra of FETs as Obtained by InGaAs Detector (2012)

Abstract In this work we present spectrally resolved photon emission microscopy (SPEM) measurements for short-channel FETs acquired through the backside of the Si substrate using InGaAs detector. Two spectrum resolution methods have been used: continuous using a prism and discrete using a set of interference band-pass filters. The photon emission (PE) spectra have been corrected for the background / noise of the detector; they have been calibrated with respect to the system optical transmission function and corrected for the absorption on free carriers in the remaining layer of Si substrate. We discuss all the standardization aspects thoroughly as they are crucial in order to obtain correct device-intrinsic PE spectral information. Finally, we present the spectral results for FET devices operated in various operating conditions.