gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Consistency for Erasure-coded Data via Versioning Servers (CMU-CS-03-127) (2018)

This paper describes the design, implementation and performance of a family of protocols for survivable, decentralized data storage. These protocols exploit storage-node versioning to efficiently achieve strong consistency semantics. These protocols allow erasure-codes to be used that achieve network and storage efficiency (and optionally data confidentiality in the face of server compromise). The protocol family is general in that its parameters accommodate a wide range of fault and timing assumptions, up to asynchrony and Byzantine faults of both storage-nodes and clients, with no changes to server implementation or client-server interface. Measurements of a prototype storage system using these protocols show that the protocol performs well under various system model assumptions, numbers of failures tolerated, and degrees of reader-writer concurrency.
MULTICHANNEL REPRODUCTION OF LOW FREQUENCIES (2004)

In multi-channel systems, if a subwoofer is not used, low frequencies may also be reproduced with multiple loudspeakers. When the active loudspeakers are relatively close to each other, they act like a single transducer and form a directivity pattern. This causes unwanted effects in the systems ’ low-frequency responses, depending on the listening location. The use of wave field synthesis (WFS) at low frequencies was hypothesized to reduce unwanted effects caused by directivity and the room modes. To study this hypothesis, different reproduction techniques were studied objectively and subjectively at the frequency region of 50-100 Hz in a listening room. The systems included one-channel mono, three-channel and eight-channel amplitude panning, and wave field synthesis. The data from measurements and listening tests shows that the systems have distinct perceptual differences. The WFS method was determined be a promising alternative for low-frequency reproduction, since it uses the maximum number of loudspeakers available in the setup and provides a fairly uniform sound pressure distribution over a large listening area. 1.
A computational framework for unsupervised analysis of everyday human activities (2008)

In order to make computers proactive and assistive, we must enable them to perceive, learn, and predict what is happening in their surroundings. This presents us with the challenge of formalizing computational models of everyday human activities. For a majority of environments, the structure of the in situ activities is generally not known a priori . This thesis therefore investigates knowledge representations and manipulation techniques that can facilitate learning of such everyday human activities in a minimally supervised manner.
A key step towards this end is finding appropriate representations for human activities. We posit that if we chose to describe activities as finite sequences of an appropriate set of events, then the global structure of these activities can be uniquely encoded using their local event sub-sequences. With this perspective at hand, we particularly investigate representations that characterize activities in terms of their fixed and variable length event subsequences. We comparatively analyze these representations in terms of their representational scope, feature cardinality and noise sensitivity.
Exploiting such representations, we propose a computational framework to discover the various activity-classes taking place in an environment. We model these activity-classes as maximally similar activity-cliques in a completely connected graph of activities, and describe how to discover them efficiently. Moreover, we propose methods for finding concise characterizations of these discovered activity-classes, both from a holistic as well as a by-parts perspective. Using such characterizations, we present an incremental method to classify a new activity instance to one of the discovered activity-classes, and to automatically detect if it is anomalous with respect to the general characteristics of its membership class. Our results show the efficacy of our framework in a variety of everyday environments.
Transversely pumped nonlinear conversion structure which generates counterpropagating guided waves: theory and numerical modeling (2001)

A transversely pumped, nonlinear conversion structure which generates counterpropagating, guided signal and idler beams is examined. Existing scalar theory is extended to include the vector nature of the electromagnetic fields. Based on these results, a detailed simulation of proposed GaAs-AlGaAs structures is described. The results of the simulations highlight pitfalls not obvious in the original work. The simulations indicate, however, that proper design of the structure should provide a compact, highly efficient method of nonlinear optical conversion. In particular, a structure designed to convert light at 980 nm to light at 1.55 /spl mu/m is predicted to have a threshold intensity of 4.9 MW/cm/sup 2/, which is comparable to thresholds observed in parametric oscillators which use periodically poled lithium niobate.
Processing, fabrication, characterization and device demonstration of high temperature superconducting ceramics. Quarterly technical report No. 3, 30 April-30 July 1994 (1994)

A detailed small-angle neutron scattering study of the vortex lattice in a single crystal of YBa2Cu307-x was made for a field of 0.5 tesla inclined at angles between 0 and 80 degrees to the crystalline c axis. The vortex lattice is triangular for all angles. For angles less than or equal to 70 degrees its orientation adjusts itself to maximize the pinning energy to densely and highly regularly spaced twin planes. These observations have important implications for the microscopic flux-pinning mechanism, and hence for the critical current achievable in YBa2Cu307-x. For large angles (about 80 degrees) the vortex lattice consists of independent chains in the orientation predicted by anisotropic London theory.
Opportunistic Beamforming and Scheduling for OFDMA Systems (2007)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) is an attractive technique for exploiting multiuser diversity in the downlink of a cellular system. This paper addresses three problems in multiuser diversity for OFDMA systems. First, we propose a way to significantly reduce the amount of channel state information (CSI) feedback without sacrificing performance too much, by selective and adaptive feedback. Second, we propose a way to increase the cell throughput and fairness by applying an opportunistic beamforming scheme to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. This beamforming scheme increases the frequency fading rate, which increases the multiuser diversity effect. Thirdly, we deal with the issue of fairness and quality-of-service (QoS) in opportunistic systems by proposing a modified proportional fair (PF) scheduler for OFDMA. Key features in the scheduler are that it incorporates QoS classes into the PF scheduler and that it has a tunable fairness level. Extensive simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. The opportunistic beamforming scheme performed well in comparison with several other schemes. The modified PF scheduler was able to give users different QoS, based on their requirements, while still exploiting multiuser diversity
ISIS-DMPKRx in Healthy Volunteers: A Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending-Dose Phase 1 Study (P3.166) (2016)

Objective: To assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of four single dose levels of ISIS-DMPKRx, a Gen 2.5 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug targeted to DMPK mRNA associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Background: DM1 is a dominantly-inherited, systemic disorder caused by the nuclear accumulation of toxic mRNA containing a CUG-expanded region transcribed from a DMPK gene with unstable CTG trinucleotide repeats. This mutant mRNA interferes with the functioning of RNA-binding splice regulators muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins and CUG binding protein, leading to misregulated alternative splicing for a group of transcripts that have key roles in muscle biology and producing skeletal muscle dysfunction, the most prominent clinical feature of DM1. In preclinical studies, ASOs re-established splicing patterns and reduced myotonia in mice via RNase H1-mediated degradation of toxic mRNA. A Phase 1/2a study of multiple-ascending doses of ISIS DMPKRx in adult DM1 patients is ongoing. Methods: This Phase 1 placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg doses of ISIS-DMPKRx given subcutaneously to healthy volunteers. Each dose level was studied in a cohort of 4 subjects, randomized 3 active: 1 placebo (N=16). Results: ISIS-DMPKRx was well-tolerated: serum chemistry, hematology, coagulation, complement, urinalysis, physical examinations, ECGs, and vital signs showed no clinically significant changes. The majority of AEs were mild in severity, and 1 subject reported a moderate AE; there were no severe AEs, SAEs, deaths, or AEs leading to discontinuation. ISIS-DMPKRx was absorbed rapidly into the systemic circulation with median Tmax ranging from 1.50 to 3.07 hours (observed range = 1.50 to 8.00 hours); mean Cmax and AUC values were dose-dependent over the studied dose range with observed PK of ISIS-DMPKRx as expected from preclinical PK and consistent with Gen 2.0 ASOs. Conclusion: This study supports the further clinical development of ISIS-DMPKRx.
Angular analysis of the B0 → K*0e+e− decay in the low-q2 region (2015)

An angular analysis of the B 0 K * 0 e + e -decay is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb -1 , collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV during 2011 and 2012. For the first time several observables are measured in the dielectron mass squared (q 2 ) interval between 0.002 and 1.120 GeV 2 /c 4 . The angular observables F L and A Re T which are related to the K * 0 polarisation and to the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, are measured to be F L = 0.16 0.06 0.03 and A Re T = 0.10 0.18 0.05, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The angular observables A
Rapid discovery of new Eu2+-activated phosphors with a designed luminescence color using a data-driven approach (2022)

Machine learning in conjunction with validation experiments uncovers new Eu 2+ -activated phosphor materials with a designed green-color luminescence.
Effect of Concomitant Elbow Injuries on the Outcomes of Radial Head Arthroplasty: A Cohort Comparison (2017)

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Wavelet Score-Based Generative Modeling (2022)

Score-based generative models (SGMs) synthesize new data samples from Gaussian white noise by running a time-reversed Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) whose drift coefficient depends on some probabilistic score. The discretization of such SDEs typically requires a large number of time steps and hence a high computational cost. This is because of ill-conditioning properties of the score that we analyze mathematically. We show that SGMs can be considerably accelerated, by factorizing the data distribution into a product of conditional probabilities of wavelet coefficients across scales. The resulting Wavelet Score-based Generative Model (WSGM) synthesizes wavelet coefficients with the same number of time steps at all scales, and its time complexity therefore grows linearly with the image size. This is proved mathematically over Gaussian distributions, and shown numerically over physical processes at phase transition and natural image datasets.
TRWG developmental pathway for biospecimen-based assessment modalities (2008)

The Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) was created as a national initiative to evaluate the current status of NCI's investment in translational research and envision its future.The TRWG conceptualized translational research as a set of six developmental processes or pathways focused on various clinical goals.One of those pathways describes the development of biospecimen-based assays that utilize biomarkers for the detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to cancer treatment.The biospecimenbased assessment modality (BM) pathway was conceived not as comprehensive description of the corresponding real-world processes, but rather as a tool designed to facilitate movement of a candidate assay through the translational process to the point where it can be handed off for definitive clinical testing.This paper introduces the pathway in the context of prior work and discusses key challenges associated with the biomarker development process in light of the pathway.
Protein Structure: Molecular and Electronic Reactivity (1987)

Contents: Protein Structure and Microconformations.- Dynamics of Protein Structure.- The Role of Protein Structure and Reactivity.- Charge Exchange in Proteins and Model Systems.- Charge Separation in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers.- Applications.- Submitted Abstracts.- Participants.- Index.
Cocktail Party Attack: Breaking Aggregation-Based Privacy in Federated Learning using Independent Component Analysis (2022)

Federated learning (FL) aims to perform privacy-preserving machine learning on distributed data held by multiple data owners. To this end, FL requires the data owners to perform training locally and share the gradient updates (instead of the private inputs) with the central server, which are then securely aggregated over multiple data owners. Although aggregation by itself does not provably offer privacy protection, prior work showed that it may suffice if the batch size is sufficiently large. In this paper, we propose the Cocktail Party Attack (CPA) that, contrary to prior belief, is able to recover the private inputs from gradients aggregated over a very large batch size. CPA leverages the crucial insight that aggregate gradients from a fully connected layer is a linear combination of its inputs, which leads us to frame gradient inversion as a blind source separation (BSS) problem (informally called the cocktail party problem). We adapt independent component analysis (ICA)--a classic solution to the BSS problem--to recover private inputs for fully-connected and convolutional networks, and show that CPA significantly outperforms prior gradient inversion attacks, scales to ImageNet-sized inputs, and works on large batch sizes of up to 1024.
Skewed Repeater Bus: A Low-Power Scheme for On-Chip Buses (2008)

This paper purposes a bus architecture called skewed repeater bus (SRB) for reducing on-chip interconnect energy in microprocessors. By introducing a dynamic relative delay between neighboring bus lines, SRB reduces both average and worst-case coupling capacitance between those lines. SRB is compared to previously published techniques like delayed data bus (DDB) and delayed clock bus (DCB). Simulation results in 65-nm process show that bus energy reduction of 18% is achieved when SRB is applied to a real microprocessor example, versus 11% and 7% only for DDB and DCB, respectively.
Recombinant DNA: Fact and Fiction (1977)

http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265099
Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects (2014)

Engineered nanomaterials are known to enter human cells, often via active endocytosis. Mechanistic details of the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) with cells are still not well enough understood. NP size is a key parameter that controls the endocytic mechanism and affects the cellular uptake yield. Therefore, we have systematically analyzed the cellular uptake of fluorescent NPs in the size range of 3.3-100 nm (diameter) by live cells. By using spinning disk confocal microscopy in combination with quantitative image analysis, we studied the time courses of NP association with the cell membrane and subsequent internalization. NPs with diameters of less than 10 nm were observed to accumulate at the plasma membrane before being internalized by the cells. In contrast, larger NPs (100 nm) were directly internalized without prior accumulation at the plasma membrane, regardless of their surface charges. We attribute this distinct size dependence to the requirement of a sufficiently strong local interaction of the NPs with the endocytic machinery in order to trigger the subsequent internalization.
A Youla-Kucera approach to gain-scheduling with application to wind turbine control (2009)

This paper addresses bumpless transfer between observer-based controllers with integral action in a gain-scheduling architecture with application to wind turbine control. Two methods based on the Youla-Kucera parameterization are applied to achieve bumpless transfer between controllers having equal or different number of control signals and integrators while preserving stability guarantees. Both methods handle reference signals to the controllers.
Chemistry of Doped Colloidal Nanocrystals (2013)

Synthetic control over inorganic nanocrystals has made dramatic strides so that a great number of binary and a few ternary or more complex compounds can now be prepared with good control over size and physical properties. Recently, chemists have tackled the long-standing challenge of introducing dopant atoms into nanocrystals, and strategies that apply across diverse compositions are beginning to emerge. In this review, we first briefly summarize the array of characterization methods used to assess doping efficacy for reference throughout the discussion. We then enumerate chemical strategies for doping with illustrative examples from the literature. A key concept is that the reactions leading to growth of the host crystal and to deposition of dopant ions must be balanced to succeed in incorporating dopants during crystal growth. This challenge has been met through various chemical strategies, and new methods, such as postsynthetic diffusion of dopant ions, continue to be developed. The opportunity to deliver new functionality by doping nanocrystals is great, particularly as characterization methods and synthetic control over introduction of multiple dopants advance.
New Applications of Intense Femtosecond Laser Filamentation: Efficient Generation of Tunable Few-Cycle Pulses and Remote Sensing of Chem-Bio Agents* (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. L. Chin, F. Thebergel, H. Xu, Q. Luo, W. Liu, S. A. Hosseini, M. Sharifi, J. Daigle, N. Akozbek, A. Becker, G. Roy, and P. Mathieu, "New Applications of Intense Femtosecond Laser Filamentation: Efficient Generation of Tunable Few-Cycle Pulses and Remote Sensing of Chem-Bio Agents*," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper JTuC2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Clinical and Preclinical Assessment of Clinical Trials for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2022)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness for the elderly in high-income countries. Although multivitamin antioxidant nutrients can slow the progression of intermediate "dry" or nonneovascular AMD, no treatment can halt or reverse any stage of dry disease. Multiple biologic pathways have been implicated in AMD pathobiology, including the complement pathway. These pathways have been targeted by various approaches in clinical trials. To date, no treatment has reached their prespecified primary end point in 2 phase III trials, a requirement by the US Food and Drug Administration for a new drug approval. Here, we describe perspectives on the failures and possible successes of various clinical trials that will guide further investigation. These perspectives will also discuss clinical trial design issues to consider in future investigations, and how recent insights into AMD pathobiology might both provide additional explanation for trials not reaching the prespecified primary end points and offer direction for identifying prioritized treatment targets.
Optimal multiple syndrome probabilistic diagnosis (2002)

The authors discuss the distributed self-diagnosis of a multiprocessor/multicomputer system based on interprocessor tests with imperfect fault coverage (thus also permitting intermittently fault processors). It is shown that by using multiple fault syndromes, it is possible to achieve significantly better diagnosis than by using a single fault syndrome, even when the amount of time devoted to testing is the same. The authors derive a multiple syndrome diagnosis algorithm that is optimal in the level of diagnostic accuracy achieved (among diagnosis algorithms of a certain type to be defined) and produces good results even with sparse interconnection networks and interprocessor test with low fault coverage. Furthermore, they prove upper and lower bounds are proved on the number of fault syndromes required to produce asymptotically a 100% correct diagnostic as N to infinity . Their solution and another multiple syndrome diagnosis solution by D. Fussell and S. Rangarajan are evaluated both analytically and with simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds (2016)

The composition of high-altitude ice clouds is still a matter of intense discussion. The constituents in question are ice and nitric acid hydrates, but the exact phase composition of clouds and its formation mechanisms are still unknown. In this work, conclusive evidence for a long-predicted phase, alpha-nitric acid trihydrate (alpha-NAT), is presented. This phase was characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments, allowing a convincing structure solution. Furthermore, vibrational spectra (infrared and inelastic neutron scattering) were recorded and compared with theoretical calculations. A strong interaction between water ice and alpha-NAT was found, which explains the experimental spectra and the phase-transition kinetics. On the basis of these results, we propose a new three-step mechanism for NAT formation in high-altitude ice clouds.
Scalable maintenance of knowledge discovery in an ontology stream (2015)

In dynamic settings where data is exposed by streams, knowledge discovery aims at learning associations of data across streams. In the semantic Web, streams expose their meaning through evolutive versions of ontologies. Such settings pose challenges of scalability for discovering (a posteriori) knowledge. In our work, the semantics, identifying knowledge similarity and rarity in streams, together with incremental, approximate maintenance, control scalability while preserving accuracy of streams associations (as semantic rules) discovery.
Immunogenicity of a Three-Dose Primary Series of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients With Lymphoid Malignancies (2022)

A 3-dose primary mRNA series enhanced anti-S IgG responses to titers equivalent to healthy adults in patients with lymphoid malignancies who were seropositive after the first 2 doses and seroconverted 17.1% who were seronegative after the first 2 doses. T-cell responses were present, raising the possibility that the vaccines may confer some cell-based protection even if not measurable by anti-S IgG.