gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing the chiral magnetic wave in pPb and PbPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV using charge-dependent azimuthal anisotropies (2019)

Charge-dependent anisotropy Fourier coefficients (v n ) of particle azimuthal distributions are measured in pPb and PbPb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The normalized difference in the second-order anisotropy coefficients (v 2 ) between positively and negatively charged particles is found to depend linearly on the observed event charge asymmetry with comparable slopes for both pPb and PbPb collisions over a wide range of charged particle multiplicity. In PbPb, the third-order anisotropy coefficient v 3 shows a similar linear dependence with the same slope as seen for v 2 . The observed similarities between the v 2 slopes for pPb and PbPb, as well as the similar slopes for v 2 and v 3 in PbPb, are compatible with expectations based on local charge conservation in the decay of clusters or resonances, and constitute a challenge to the hypothesis that, at LHC energies, the observed charge asymmetry dependence of v 2 in heavy ion collisions arises from a chiral magnetic wave.
Induced Adaptive Resistance to Oxidative Stress in the CNS: A Discussion on Possible Mechanisms and Their Therapeutic Potential (2003)

The free radical, nitric oxide (NO), is synthesized by mammalian cells and is utilized for normal cellular functions. High levels of NO are released during disease, injury and inflammation. NO at high concentrations more readily combines with other oxidants to form reactive nitrogenous species (RNS), which can wreak havoc on the cell by damaging a variety of cellular targets, such as DNA and proteins, ultimately leading to apoptosis, mutagenesis or carcinogenesis. Cells have natural resistance mechanisms to nitrooxidative stress that are either defective (as can occur in disease), or overwhelmed (as can occur in injury and inflammation). It has been found recently in the CNS that resistance to normally toxic levels of NO can be induced by nontoxic levels of NO and that this induction is correlated with and dependent upon increased levels and activity of the heme-metabolizing enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO1-mediated metabolism of heme groups released from NO-damaged proteins leads to a change in the levels of redox-active iron and a release of carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, all of which have been implicated in cellular resistance to oxidative stress. Perhaps one or more of the products of HO1 heme metabolism is involved in induced adaptive resistance or perhaps a heme-independent mechanism is involved. In fact, a variety of possible mechanisms may be involved in induced resistance to NO in the CNS. Ultimately elucidating these mechanisms will enable us to modulate them for therapeutic potential.
Interleukin-7 Retroviruses Transform Pre-B Cells by an Autocrine Mechanism Not Evident in Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus Transformants (1991)

In this study, we have constructed retroviral vectors expressing the interleukin-7 (IL-7) cDNA and have used infection with these retroviruses to express this cytokine endogenously in an IL-7-dependent pre-B-cell line. Infection with IL-7 retroviruses, but not with a control retrovirus, resulted in the conversion of the cells to IL-7 independence. The frequency at which this occurred, together with data on vector expression levels, indicated that secondary events were required for factor independence in this system. Southern analysis showed that the IL-7-dependent clones harbored unrearranged copies of the vector proviruses. The factor-independent cells produced variable quantities of IL-7 as measured by an IL-7-specific bioassay, and their proliferation could be substantially inhibited by a neutralizing antibody directed against IL-7, indicating that a classical autocrine-mechanism was responsible for their transformation. These IL-7-independent cells were tumorigenic, in contrast to the parental IL-7-dependent cells or those infected with a control vector. These results showed that IL-7 could participate in the malignant transformation of pre-B cells. However, neither of two Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed pre-B-cell lines expressed detectable IL-7 mRNA, at a level of sensitivity corresponding to less than one molecule of mRNA per cell. Moreover, the proliferation of the A-MuLV transformants was unaffected by addition of the IL-7 antisera under conditions in which parallel experiments with IL-7 virus-infected cells resulted in greater than 70% growth inhibition. Thus, transformation of pre-B cells by A-MuLV was not associated with a demonstrable autocrine loop of IL-7 synthesis. These results show that IL-7 can participate in the malignant transformation of pre-B cells and suggest studies aimed at assessing the role of autocrine production of IL-7 in the generation of human leukemias and lymphomas.
Decoding-Energy-Rate-Distortion Optimization for Video Coding (2017)

This paper presents a method for generating coded video bit streams requiring less decoding energy than conventionally coded bit streams. To this end, we propose extending the standard rate-distortion optimization approach to also consider the decoding energy. In the encoder, the decoding energy is estimated during runtime using a feature-based energy model. These energy estimates are then used to calculate decoding-energy-rate-distortion costs that are minimized by the encoder. This ultimately leads to optimal tradeoffs between these three parameters. Therefore, we introduce the mathematical theory for describing decoding-energy-rate-distortion optimization and the proposed encoder algorithm is explained in detail. For rate-energy control, a new encoder parameter is introduced. Finally, measurements of the software decoding process for HEVC-coded bit streams are performed. Results show that this approach can lead to up to 30% of decoding energy reduction at a constant visual objective quality when accepting a bit rate increase at the same order of magnitude.
Efficient Two-level Homomorphic Encryption in Prime-order Bilinear Groups and A Fast Implementation in WebAssembly (2018)

We construct an efficient two-level homomorphic public-key encryption in prime-order bilinear groups. Such a scheme supports polynomially many homomorphic additions and one multiplication over encrypted data, similar to the cryptosystem of Boneh, Goh, and Nissim (BGN, presented at TCC 2005), which was constructed in composite-order bilinear groups. Prior to our work, the state-of-the-art for two-level homomorphic public-key encryption is the Freeman scheme (presented at Eurocrypt 2010), which is indeed the prime-order realization of the BGN scheme. Our proposed scheme significantly improves efficiency for almost all the aspects of the Freeman scheme, while retains the same ciphertext sizes. Our scheme is surprisingly simple as it is indeed (a concatenation of two copies of) the ElGamal encryption "in the exponent'' resided in an asymmetric bilinear groups.
Total Body Irradiation for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: What Can We Agree on? (2021)

Total body irradiation (TBI), used as part of the conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation, is the delivery of a relatively homogeneous dose of radiation to the entire body. TBI has a dual role, being cytotoxic and immunosuppressive. This allows it to eliminate disease and create "space" in the marrow while also impairing the immune system from rejecting the foreign donor cells being transplanted. Advantages that TBI may have over chemotherapy alone are that it may achieve greater tumour cytotoxicity and better tissue penetration than chemotherapy as its delivery is independent of vascular supply and physiologic barriers such as renal and hepatic function. Therefore, the so-called "sanctuary" sites such as the central nervous system (CNS), testes, and orbits or other sites with limited blood supply are not off-limits to radiation. Nevertheless, TBI is hampered by challenging logistics of administration, coordination between hematology and radiation oncology departments, increased rates of acute treatment-related morbidity and mortality along with late toxicity to other tissues. Newer technologies and a better understanding of the biology and physics of TBI has allowed the field to develop novel delivery systems which may help to deliver radiation more safely while maintaining its efficacy. However, continued research and collaboration are needed to determine the best approaches for the use of TBI in the future.
Charting multidisciplinary team external dynamics using a Systems Thinking approach (1998)

Using the formalism provided by the Systems Thinking approach, the dynamics present when operating multidisciplinary teams are examined in the context of the NASA Langley Research and Technology Group, an R&amp;D organization organized along functional lines. The paper focuses on external dynamics and examines how an organization creates and nurtures the teams and how it disseminates and retains the lessons and expertise created by the multidisciplinary activities. Key variables are selected and the causal relationships between the variables are identified. Five "stories" are told, each of which touches on a different aspect of the dynamics. The Systems Thinking Approach provides recommendations as to interventions that will facilitate the introduction of multidisciplinary teams and that therefore will increase the likelihood of performing successful multidisciplinary developments. These interventions can be carried out either by individual researchers, line management or program management.
A study on the effect of a pyridine secondary acceptor on the emission properties of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters (2020)

A new molecular design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters having a pyridine derived secondary acceptor was developed.
Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals: Emerging Applications (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Structures and Phase Properties of LCLCs Emerging Applications of LCLCs Conclusions References
Admittance frequency dispersion in lateral AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes: Other origins of two Gp/ω peaks (2023)

The frequency dispersion in admittance measurements in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors, which is typically interpreted to result from an interface trap density Dit, is also known to be caused by effects other than Dit. To study the origin of two peaks of conductance component “Gp/ω” as a function of frequency in lateral gated diodes using AlGaN/GaN structures on Si wafers grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition, we measured capacitance C and conductance Gp/ω–voltage V as a function of angular frequency ω (C–ω–V and Gp/ω–ω–V, respectively) of long-gate field-effect transistors with a varied gate length. We also simulated the C–ω–V and Gp/ω–ω–V curves using an equivalent circuit that consisted of actually measured component parameters without Dit. We confirmed that the Gp/ω–ω curves show two peaks caused by the two-dimensional electron gas channel resistance and the gate current leakage and quantitatively determined the two ωpeak positions and intensities. We also discussed the effect of acceptor concentration in the GaN channel-layer on lowering of ωpeak at weak inversion.
Zero-Added-Loss Entangled Photon Multiplexing for Ground- and Space-Based Quantum Networks (2022)

We propose a scheme for optical entanglement distribution in quantum networks based on a quasi-deterministic entangled photon pair source. By combining heralded photonic Bell pair generation with spectral mode conversion to interface with quantum memories, the scheme eliminates switching losses due to multiplexing. We analyze this `zero-added-loss multiplexing' (ZALM) Bell pair source for the particularly challenging problem of long-baseline entanglement distribution via satellites and ground-based memories, where it unlocks additional advantages: (i) the substantially higher channel efficiency $η$ of \textit{downlinks} vs.\ \textit{uplinks} with realistic adaptive optics, and (ii) photon loss occurring \textit{before} interaction with the quantum memory -- i.e., Alice and Bob receiving rather than transmitting -- improve entanglement generation rate scaling by $\mathcal{O}(\sqrtη)$. Based on numerical analyses, we estimate our protocol to achieve $&gt;$10$~$ebits/s at memory multiplexing of $10^2$ spin qubits for ground distance $&gt;$10$^2~$km, with the spin-spin Bell state fidelity exceeding 99$\%$. Our architecture presents a blueprint for realizing global-scale quantum networks in the near-term.
FAN1 Activity on Asymmetric Repair Intermediates Is Mediated by an Atypical Monomeric Virus-type Replication-Repair Nuclease Domain (2014)

FAN1 is a structure-selective DNA repair nuclease with 5' flap endonuclease activity, involved in the repair of interstrand DNA crosslinks. It is the only eukaryotic protein with a virus-type replication-repair nuclease ("VRR-Nuc") "module" that commonly occurs as a standalone domain in many bacteria and viruses. Crystal structures of three representatives show that they structurally resemble Holliday junction resolvases (HJRs), are dimeric in solution, and are able to cleave symmetric four-way junctions. In contrast, FAN1 orthologs are monomeric and cleave 5' flap structures in vitro, but not Holliday junctions. Modeling of the VRR-Nuc domain of FAN1 reveals that it has an insertion, which packs against the dimerization interface observed in the structures of the viral/bacterial VRR-Nuc proteins. We propose that these additional structural elements in FAN1 prevent dimerization and bias specificity toward flap structures.
Thermal analysis and topographical characterization of latex films by scanning probe microscopy (2007)

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) was utilized to study the thermal behavior of latex films dried under different conditions. Using the SPM probe resonance frequency method, the resonance frequency (ω) of the oscillating probe above the sample surface was followed as a function of temperature (T). Two different approaches for detecting thermal transitions were used and compared. In the heating-by-the-sample approach, the SPM probe acts as a thermal sensor detecting the heat dissipated by the heated sample. In the heating-by-the-probe approach, the SPM probe is utilized simultaneously as an actuator and a sensor: the heated probe both dissipates heat and detects the heat reflected from the sample surface. Thermal transitions in the polymer films could be observed in the Δω-T curves. The results were consistent with those observed by differential scanning calorimetry, but also additional information about the characteristics of the transitions was obtained. The heating-by-the-probe method showed higher surface sensitivity and more localized effects than the other approach. Furthermore, the progress of the latex film formation and the effect of the different drying conditions on film topography were studied by SPM imaging and roughness analysis. Skewness and local surface curvature are demonstrated to serve as useful numerical measures with which to distinguish different levels of particle deformation and the formation of a continuous film. Preannealing of the samples at high temperature influenced not only the topography (roughness) but also the characteristics of the thermal transitions.
Cross talk and ghost talk in a microbeam free-space optical interconnect system with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, microlenses, and metal–semiconductor–metal detectors (2000)

A diffraction-based beam-propagation model is used to study optical cross talk in microbeam free-space optical interconnection (FSOI) systems. The system consists of VCSEL's, microlenses, and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors, with the detectors modeled as amplitude gratings with low contrast ratio (based on experimental results). Different possible cross-talk sources are studied. Results show that, in an optimized system, the cross talk caused by diffractive scattering is not an issue. However, in such systems the principal reflection from a MSM detector surface creates two problems: VCSEL coupling and ghost talk. The coupling of the reflected beam into the VCSEL's may cause power oscillation (and increase the bit error rate), whereas ghost talk will limit the distance-bandwidth product of the interconnect system. This optical system is also abstracted in hspice together with the laser driver and receiver circuits to analyze ghost talk in this system. Results show that at high speed (1 Gbit/s or more) these effects negatively affect system performance.
The Rationale and Value of a Long/Short Futures Strategy (2012)

This chapter explains that when choosing a trading strategy, it is important to understand the rationale behind it so that there is a thorough knowledge of whether it works, why it works, and why it works better than other strategies. One very important aspect of any strategy is whether it is a long-only strategy or whether it allows going both long and shorting in order to capitalize on price movements in both directions. Fundamentally, a long/short strategy is optimum in commodity trading, since it allows to profit in the markets whether one is in an inflationary environment or not. Therefore, to prove that an L/S strategy of commodities and financials could be more efficient and provides a smoother return compared to a long-only commodity index in inflationary environments, one measures the yearly percentage change directional movements of the strategy versus long-term government bonds. The long-only commodity indexes only measure commodity prices, but an L/S commodity indicator such as the S&P Diversified Trends Indicator (S&P DTI) not only measures commodity prices, but can also indirectly indicate something more, that is how volatile the period is and the rate of inflation.
A Supramolecularly Assisted Transformation of Block‐Copolymer Micelles into Nanotubes (2009)

Abstract Einmal um den Block : Führt man eine starre wasserstoffbrückenbildende Benzamid‐Einheit zwischen die Polymerblöcke in Poly(ethylenglycol)(PEG)‐(Thio)harnstoff‐Poly( L ‐Lactid)(PLLA)‐Blockcopolymeren ein, so ändert sich deren Morphologie: Statt sphärischer Micellen, wie sie von PEG‐PLLA‐Diblockcopolymeren gebildet werden, entstehen Nanoröhren. magnified image
Chronopotentiometric Evaluation of Ionization Degree and Dissociation Constant of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid [C6Meim][NTf2] in Polymeric Plasticized Membranes (2022)

Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide variety of applications in modern electrochemistry due to their unique electrolytic properties. In particular, they are promising candidates as dopants for polymeric membranes in potentiometric sensors and liquid-junction free reference electrodes. However, the effective use of ILs requires a comprehensive understanding of their electrolytic behavior in the polymeric phase. We report here the exploration of the electrolytic and diffusion properties of IL 1-hexyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide ([C<sub>6</sub>Meim][NTf<sub>2</sub>]) in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. Chronopotentiometry is utilized to determine the concentration of charge carriers, ionic diffusion coefficients and apparent dissociation constant of [C<sub>6</sub>Meim][NTf<sub>2</sub>] in PVC membranes plasticized with a mixture of [C<sub>6</sub>Meim][NTf<sub>2</sub>] and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS) over a wide range of IL concentrations. The diffusion properties of [C<sub>6</sub>Meim][NTf<sub>2</sub>] are confirmed by NMR-diffusometry. The non-monotonic electrolytic behavior of the IL in PVC-DOS matrix is described for the first time. A maximum ionization degree and diffusion coefficient is observed at 30 wt.% of IL in the plasticizing mixture. Thus, it is shown that by varying the flexible parameter of the IL to plasticizer ratio in the polymeric phase one can tune the electrolytic and transport properties of sensing PVC membranes.
Human-to-robot skill transfer via teleoperation (2002)

Programming robots to work in unstructured, changing environments, has proven to be difficult. Humans, however, effectively function in such environments. We propose a framework for programming robotic tasks using teleoperation based human-to-robot skill transfer. We assume that there exists a human expert who can accomplish a task in an unstructured environment solely through teleoperation based feedback. The human expert performs the desired task a number of times while her/his input/output pairs are being recorded. This recorded data is used to construct a mapping between these sensor inputs and actuator outputs. The mapping is then used to autonomously control the robot. In this paper we propose a set of characteristics which a human-to-robot skill transfer system should have. We then summarize the system we have implemented and present the results of some experiments we have done in skill transfer in unstructured environments.
Horizontal Well Performance Evaluation and Fluid Entry Mechanisms (1998)

Abstract In this paper, the use of various measurements is presented for performance evaluation of horizontal wells. The importance of formation evaluation and the challenges of testing in horizontal wells are reviewed. Factors affecting the productivity of horizontal wells are explored. The difficulties in horizontal well productivity estimation due to their long length in the formation compared with vertical wells and inadequacy of measurements during drilling and production are shown. It is also shown that how reservoir heterogeneity affects the reservoir pressure distribution and hence fluid entry profiles and well productivity. Using field examples, we show that the new integrated production logging measurements can be used to assess horizontal well productivity by identifying productive zones, fluid entries, and determining the fluid distribution (oil, gas, and water) in the well- bore. A range of fluid entry mechanisms from over twenty recently logged wells are described and classified. The continuing development of production logging technology for horizontal wells is described. The field examples indicate that horizontal wells have permanent water sumps, regard- less of whether they produce water or not, which leads to reduced oil entry. Performance simulations have shown that for these horizontal wells a 30 to 50 percent productivity (PI) reduction is found when they are compared with their full potential. P. 365
Plasma charge-induced corrosion of tungsten-plug vias in CMOS devices (2003)

Plasma charge-induced corrosion of tungsten plug vias, where part of the via surface is exposed to the chemical solution after metal-2 etch by photolithographic misalignment with upper metal lines, was investigated. Some electrochemical tests and plasma damage monitoring were done to study the corrosion mechanism. The configuration of circuits was also investigated to understand the pattern dependency of the plasma damage and the corrosion. It is believed that the positive charges on the metal lines and P/sup +/ active region of the PMOS, developed during dry etching and ashing, are enhancing the corrosion of tungsten during stripping. The plasma-less O/sub 3/ asher applied to the ashing process reduced the plasma damage and did not produce empty vias on the wafer.
Effect of the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Risk-Adjusted Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction, Congestive Heart Failure and Pneumonia (2016)

IBD confers a survival benefit for patients hospitalized with AMI. A diagnosis of CD benefits survival in patients that are hospitalized with PN.