gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Tailoring freeform lenses for illumination</title> (2001)

The general problem to find the shape of a refractive surface such as to produce a desired brightness distribution on a given target surface from a known point source leads to a boundary value problem with an elliptic partial differential equation of the Monge-Ampere type. This equation has been described and analyzed in the literature. The purpose of our contribution is to present a venue for a numerical solution as well as several solved examples. The essence of our algorithm for a numerical solution appears to be the explicit incorporation of the condition for the existence of a pseudopotential for a normal vector field.
On the role of the metal oxide/reactive electrode interface during the forming procedure of valence change ReRAM devices (2019)

One of the key issues of resistive switching memory devices is the so called "forming" process, a one time process at a high voltage, which initializes the resistive switching at significantly lower voltages. With this study we identify the influence of the different layers - namely the insulating oxide layer (ZrO2 and Ta2O5) and the reactive ohmic electrode layer (Hf, Ta and Pt) - on the forming voltage and the pristine capacitance of the devices. For this, the forming voltage and pristine capacitance is measured in dependence of the oxide layer thickness with different electrodes. The different slopes of the forming voltage - thickness relation for different top electrodes give an indication that the reactive ohmic electrode is oxidized from the oxide layer underneath and that the degree of the oxidation depends on the thickness of the oxide layer as well as the materials used for the oxide and electrode layer. This finding could be confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. From the electrical measurements and the TEM images the thickness of the oxidized electrode layer could be estimated. The degree of the oxidation depends on the oxygen affinity of the oxide and electrode material. The interface dependent (thickness independent) part of the forming voltage is determined by the material of the electrode. The magnitude of this interface voltage could be correlated to the oxide free energy of the electrode material. These results can support the ongoing research towards resistive switching memory devices with a very low forming voltage or forming free behaviour.
Twisted intramolecular charge-transfer fluorescence of aromatic amides: conformation of the amide bonds in excited states (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwisted intramolecular charge-transfer fluorescence of aromatic amides: conformation of the amide bonds in excited statesIsao Azumaya, Hiroyuki Kagechika, Yoshihisa Fujiwara, Michiya Itoh, Kentaro Yamaguchi, and Koichi ShudoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 2833–2838Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1558Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Challenges in Harnessing Shared Within-Host Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variation for Transmission Inference (2023)

Shared within-host variation may augment the information in consensus sequences for predicting transmission linkages. Improving sensitivity and specificity of within-host variant identification will improve the informativeness of within-host variation.
Photoinduced cleavage of single and double stranded DNA at single guanine proximal to target sequence by dibenzoyldiazomethane-ODN conjugate. (1997)

DBDM-ODN conjugates selectively cleaved single and double stranded DNA at a specific guanine residue proximal to the target sequence upon exposure to 366 nm light.
Liquid Delivery MOCVD of Niobium-Doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Using a Novel Niobium Precursor (1999)

A novel niobium source, niobium tetrakis(isopropoxide) 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, Nb(O-i-Pr)4(thd), was investigated for Nb doping of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films by metal−organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Thermal analysis revealed that this compound exhibited useful volatility and thermal stability. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of this precursor in solution exhibited its chemical compatibility and stability with the Pb, Zr, and Ti co-reactants. Single-phase perovskite Nb-doped PZT films were successfully grown by liquid delivery MOCVD with good ferroelectric properties.
Perceived Facial Distortions in Selfies Are Explained by Viewing Habits (2018)

Perceived Facial Distortions in Selfies Are Explained by Viewing HabitsTo the Editor In their recent article, Ward et al 1 analyze the effect of camera distance on the relative sizes of facial dimensions in photographs.They argue that these dimensions are distorted in "selfies"-photographs that people take of themselves with a smartphone camera at arm's length.Given the increasing popularity of selfies, they express concern that such photographs affect decisions about cosmetic medical procedures.We agree with the authors' calculations of facial dimensions in photographs.We wish, however, to clarify the cause of perceived nasal widening in selfies.The perceived nasal widening is not, as the authors suggest, due to physical distortion in the photographs.When you see a person's face from different distances, the image cast on your retinas changes, but the apparent 3-dimensional shape does not.Your brain takes into account the distance to the face and interprets the retinal images accordingly.What about when you look at photographs of faces, such as selfies?Every photograph of a face has a viewing distance from which the dimensions in the photograph (such as the nasal-bizygomatic ratio) faithfully reproduce the dimensions that the viewer would see when looking at the real 3-dimensional face from a specific distance.The trick is to find the correct viewing distance.With selfies, or any other photograph, you should view from a distance such that the visual angle subtended by the face in the photograph equals the angle that the face subtended from the camera's position when the photograph was taken. 2 For a selfie, this distance is going to be much closer than for a typical portrait, because the photograph was captured from close up.When you view from the correct distance, the perceived facial dimensions should closely match the true dimensions (assuming a high-quality lens is used, as in modern smartphone cameras).What happens if you view a photograph of a face from the wrong distance?When viewing from too close, the face appears compressed in depth and flatter than it actually is.When viewing from too far, the face appears stretched in depth and rounder than it is. 3,4 Importantly, these effects are not caused by distortions in the photographs but by a mismatch between the correct and actual viewing distances.The reader can try this out with the photographs in the article by Ward et al. 1 The correct distance for the selfie is very close: roughly twice the photograph's width.The correct distance for the other photograph is approximately 10 times the width.If you view the selfie from close up, it should look less distorted.Indeed, research suggests that people usually view photographs taken with short focal lengths-such as selfies-from much too great a distance. 4This is the reason for the perceived distortion, and there is nothing inherently distorted in the photographs.Evaluations of perceived shape in photographs must take into consideration human perception and viewing habits, in addition to the physical properties of photographs.
Mixed Reality, Mamulengos and MamuLEDs (2019)

VR/AR/MR techniques have been applied to puppet theaters in different cultural contexts around the world. However, we are not yet aware of the use of these techniques in the Brazilian Northeast Popular Puppet Theater, a tradition known in Pernambuco as Mamulengo. We present here a system developed for "The Fight Between the Real Puppet and the Virtual Puppet" sketch created for the course "Virtual and Augmented Reality" of Computer Science program at CIn-UFPE. The aim of this paper is to investigate how VR/AR/MR techniques can contribute to the creation of Mamulengo shows. We used the method of Qualitative Case Study, analyzing the audiovisual records of essays and presentation, the software solution developed in Unity3D and the data collected from a focus group interview. This study identified as weaknesses of the system: the hand tracking instability and the lack of tactile feedback, causing some physical and psychological discomfort in an experienced doll handler. As strengthens of the system, we found that the technology aroused interest because of its novelty and potential for expanding of the tools available for puppetry.
Low Voltage Electrochemical Process for Direct Carbon Dioxide Sequestration (2012)

Today, alkalinity, in the form of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is primarily produced from the chlor-alkali process. Alkalinity produced by the chlor-alkali industry is used in a multitude of different processes: pulp and paper products, food and beverage industry, aluminum production, and as a key component in many chemical processes. Additionally, the use of alkalinity to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) from carbon-intensive power and industrial plants has become an important new topic in recent years. However, there are two severe penalties that come with the chlor-alkali process, namely, high energy consumption and the coproduction of toxic chlorine gas. Here we show two patented novel low-energy electrochemical processes that produce alkalinity and directly sequester carbon dioxide while generating pure streams of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) at +0.82 and −0.42 V, theoretically. As a result, the theoretical energy demand for producing alkalinity is reduced by 81% (Process 1) and 137% (Process 2) compared to the chlor-alkali process, chlorine gas production is avoided, carbon dioxide is sequestered, and valuable acid is produced.
Synthesis of Reactive Organifier for the Epoxy/layered Silicate Nanocomposite and the Properties of the Epoxy Nanocomposites (2008)

Reactive organifiers with hydroxyl end-group or amine end-group and with relatively high molecular weight were synthesized. The d-spacing of the organoclays prepared varied from 1.37 nm to 1.98 nm. To disperse nanoparticles into the epoxy matrix resin more efficiently, the sonication cavitation technique was applied. The epoxy/layered silicate nanocomposites were fabricated by in situ polymerization using the autoclave curing process. The epoxy resin was based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA type) and diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). The epoxy/layered silicate nanocomposites formed exfoliated and intercalated structure with some disorder. The thermal stability, tensile properties, fracture toughness were significantly increased with increasing the dispersibility of the organoclay. The critical stress intensity factor(KIC) of 3wt% OC J230 (organoclay with reactive amine end group) was 2.78 times higher than that of the neat epoxy specimen.
Design of Interpenetrated Networks of Mesostructured Hybrid Silica and Nonconductive Poly(vinylidene fluoride)–Cohexafluoropropylene (PVdF–HFP) Polymer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications (2011)

Organic-inorganic hybrid membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-cohexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) and mesostructured silica containing sulfonic acid groups were synthesized by using the sol-gel process. These hybrid membranes were prepared by in situ co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane and an organically modified silane (ormosil) by a self-assembly route using organic surfactants as templates for tuning the architecture of the hybrid organosilica component. In this paper, we describe the elaboration and characterization of hybrid membranes all the way from the precursor solution to the evaluation of the fuel cell performances. These hybrid materials were extensively characterized by using NMR and IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, or impedance spectroscopy so as to determinate their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. Even though the ion-exchange capacity (IEC) was quite weak, the first fuel cell tests performed with these hybrid membranes show promising results relative to optimized Nafion 112 thanks to great water management of the silica inside the hydrophobic polymer.
P1033Can machine learning be used to optimize a tachycardia detection algorithm in an implantable cardiac monitor? (2018)

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators: technology and complications 215 may undermine the credibility of ICD therapy among health care providers and patients. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term complications and inappropriate shocks among ICD patients in an unselected cohort. Methods: We retrospectively validated medical records from 438 patients with an ICD or cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) implant in our Region, Sweden, since 2007 until 2017. Results: In total 438 patients (82.0% males, mean age at implant 65.911.2 years) with ICD (VR 20.3%, DR 46.8%) or CRT-D (32.9%) were analysed. During 2264 years of follow-up (mean 5.2 years), 45 inappropriate shock episodes occurred, annual rate 2.0% (8.0% of patients) due to atrial arrhythmia (n=36), lead dysfunction (n=5), other (n=2) T-wave oversensing (n=1), and external interference (n=1). Cumulative incidence of inappropriate shock at 1, 3, and 5-years were 1.9%, 5.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. Increasing age was associated with less risk of inappropriate shock (hazard ratio 09.96; Mantel-Cox p=0.002) while there was no difference with regard to sex (p=0.316). A total of 98 complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in 77 patients; dislodgement (n=34), lead dysfunction (n=25), extraction infection (n=16), other (n=12), connector failure (n=2), device failure (n=2), pericardiocentesis (n=2), twiddler's (n=1), pneumothorax (n=1), extraction other (n=1), infection local revision (n=1), exchange to high voltage device (n=1). Annual rate of complications requiring surgery was 4.3% (males vs females p=0.812) and primary vs secondary indication (p=0.313). Conclusions: During long-term follow-up of ICD/CRT-D a considerable proportion underwent surgical intervention due to device-related complications. Inappropriate shocks remain a challenge.
NH3 Synthesis in the N2/H2 Reaction System using Cooperative Molecular Tungsten/Rhodium Catalysis in Ionic Hydrogenation: A DFT Study (2015)

The ionic hydrogenation of N2 with H2 to give NH3 is investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations using a cooperatively acting catalyst system. In this system, N2 binds to a neutral tungsten pincer complex of the type [(PNP)W(N2)3] (PNP=pincer ligand) and is reduced to NH3. The protons and hydride centers necessary for the reduction are delivered by heterolytic cleavage of H2 between the N2-tungsten complex and the cationic rhodium complex [Cp*Rh{2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl}(CH3 CN)](+). Successive transfer of protons and hydrides to the bound N2, as well as all Nx Hy units that occur during the reaction, enable the computation of closed catalytic cycles in the gas and in the solvent phase. By optimizing the pincer ligands of the tungsten complex, energy spans as low as 39.3 kcal mol(-1) could be obtained, which is unprecedented in molecular catalysis for the N2/H2 reaction system.
Multivariate Determinants of Early Postoperative Oxygen Consumption in Elderly Patients (1996)

Comment This very well-conceived and conducted study demonstrates that the increase in oxygen consumption caused by shivering in the elderly is less than has been reported in earlier studies of younger subjects. An interesting related observation from this study is that there was a higher correlation between core body temperature and oxygen consumption
Failure diagnosis of structured VLSI (1989)

The authors describe a method for diagnosing the failures observed in testing VLSI designs that use the scan-path structure. Diagnosis consists of simulating selected faults after testing using a fault simulator that allows the application of several patterns in parallel. The method is also suitable for signature-based random-pattern testing. The authors discuss diagnostic fault simulation, fault-list generation, relating faults to defects, diagnostic strategy, and random-pattern failures, and they report some experimental results to indicate the procedure's power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Significance of multiple HPV infection in cervical cancer patients and its impact on treatment response (1992)

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the major cause of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). The study aim was to determine the prevalence of HPV genotypes and to correlate HPV types with response to radiotherapy. A total of 43 cervical biopsies collected from sequentially enrolled patients were analyzed by DNA amplification with MY09/MY11 primers and sequenced to determine the HPV genotype. Samples with multiple infections were resolved by multiplex PCR, combined with array primer extension (APEX). HPV DNA was detected in 40 of 43 (93%) samples. Nine different HPVs, including the most common types -16 (53%) and -18 (13%) were detected. Other types were HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, 66 and 68. Single HPV types were found in 33 of 40 samples (82%) and multiple types in 7 of 40 samples (18%). The following significant predictors were identified: a) HPV 58 was most significant (p=0.02), followed by HPV 18 (p=0.04) associated with lack of treatment response; b) tumor size (p=0.042) and treatment response (p=0.025) elicited association with HPV infection type; c) treatment failure were found to be nearly 5-fold higher in case of multiple infections than of single infection (57% versus 12%) (odds ratio = 9.66; 95% CI 1.6-6.00). d) Multiple HPV infections correlated most prominently with lack of treatment compared with single type infection (p=0.005). Hence, patients with multiple infections, large tumor size, and HPV 58 and/or 18, are at risk of treatment failure and need to be followed for response and suitable inter-ventions done for a favorable outcome.
Standard Materials and Metrology for Nanotechnology (SMAM-2) (2007)

This issue of Measurement Science and Technology (MST) contains three papers presented at the second international symposium on Standard Materials and Metrology for Nanotechnology (SMAM-2), held in the Akihabara Convention Hall in Tokyo, Japan, on 25 and 26 May 2006.
Actin filaments participate in the relocalization of phosphatidylinositol3-kinase to glucose transporter-containing compartments and in the stimulation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (1998)

Insulin stimulates the rate of glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cells by translocation of glucose transporters from an intracellular storage pool to the plasma membrane. This event requires the prior activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). Here we report that insulin causes an increase in wortmannin-sensitive PI 3-kinase activity and a gain in the enzyme's regulatory and catalytic subunits p85alpha and p110beta (but not p110alpha) in the intracellular compartments containing glucose transporters. The hormone also caused a marked reorganization of actin filaments, which was prevented by cytochalasin D. Cytochalasin D also decreased significantly the insulin-dependent association of PI 3-kinase activity and the levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, p85alpha and p110beta with immunopurified GLUT4-containing compartments. In contrast, the drug did not alter the insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, the association of PI 3-kinase with IRS-1, or the stimulation of PI 3-kinase by insulin in anti-(IRS-1) or anti-p85 immunoprecipitates from whole cell lysates. Cytochalasin D, and the chemically unrelated latrunculin B, which also inhibits actin filament reassembly, prevented the insulin stimulation of glucose transport by approx. 50%. Cytochalasin D decreased by about one-half the insulin-dependent translocation to the plasma membrane of the GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters. The results suggest that the existence of intact actin filament is correlated with the full recruitment of glucose transporters by insulin. The underlying function of the actin filaments might be to facilitate the insulin-mediated association of the p85-p110 PI 3-kinase with glucose-transporter-containing compartments.
Optimization of the Growth Conditions for Molecular Beam Epitaxy of MgxZn1-xO (0≤x≤0.12) Films on Zn-Polar ZnO Substrates (2010)

We report on optimization of the growth conditions for Mg x Zn 1- x O ( x =0,0.04,0.05,0.12) thin films grown on c -plane Zn-polar ZnO single crystal substrates by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). A normal vector to the ZnO substrate surfaces was angled at 0.5±0.1° off from the [0001] c -axis toward the [1100] direction, leading to a stable step-and-terrace structure. A growth temperature ( T g ) higher than 800 °C led to the ZnO films presenting the first excited state luminescence of A-free excitons in photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 12 K. A T g higher than 800 °C enhanced optical attributes of a Mg x Zn 1- x O film. The longest PL lifetime of fast-decay components reached 3.5 ns in time-resolved PL measurement for an Mg 0.12 Zn 0.88 O film grown at 900 °C, indicating a concentration of nonradiative recombination centers is substantially eliminated compared to the previously reported PL lifetime of 60 ps for an Mg 0.11 Zn 0.89 O film grown by pulsed laser deposition.
Optical Entanglement of Distinguishable Quantum Emitters (2022)

Solid-state quantum emitters are promising candidates for the realization of quantum networks, owing to their long-lived spin memories, high-fidelity local operations, and optical connectivity for long-range entanglement. However, due to differences in local environment, solid-state emitters typically feature a range of distinct transition frequencies, which makes it challenging to create optically mediated entanglement between arbitrary emitter pairs. We propose and demonstrate an efficient method for entangling emitters with optical transitions separated by many linewidths. In our approach, electro-optic modulators enable a single photon to herald a parity measurement on a pair of spin qubits. We experimentally demonstrate the protocol using two silicon-vacancy centers in a diamond nanophotonic cavity, with optical transitions separated by 7.4 GHz. Working with distinguishable emitters allows for individual qubit addressing and readout, enabling parallel control and entanglement of both colocated and spatially separated emitters, a key step toward scaling up quantum information processing systems.