gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of &lt;i&gt;Caralluma Fimbriata&lt;/i&gt; Extract on 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocyte Cell Division (2011)

A standardized extract of the plant Caralluma fimbriata (Slimaluma?) is widely used in the management of obesity but its mode of action is not yet clarified. This study investigated the ability of Caralluma fimbriata extract (CFE) to modify pre-adipocyte cell division and thus the development of hyper-plastic obesity. Mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line samples were treated with different concentrations of an extract of CFE standardized against its pregnane glycoside content. Plain medium formed the negative control and hydroxyurea was the positive control. The cells were counted at 12-hour intervals, and their viability tested using the MTT assay. The treated cells were subjected to direct and indirect immunofluorescent assays for cyclin D1. CFE inhibited 3T3-L1 cell growth in a dose and duration-dependent manner, with results comparable to those produced by hydroxyurea. The viability of CFE-treated cells was reduced. Direct and indirect immunofluorescent assays demonstrated that CFE inhibits import of cyclin D1into the nucleus. CFE appears to inhibit pre-adipocyte cell division by interfering with a mechanism preceding the import of cyclin D1-CDk4/6 complex into the nucleus during the early G1 phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that CFE has the potential to inhibit hyperplastic obesity.
Robust cost modelling for ink-jetted pharmaceuticals (2019)

Motivation: With the ability of producing on-demand, personalized and complex products, Additive Manufacturing (AM) promises a pathway towards more precise drugs while at the same time facilitating a reorientation towards smaller-batch size and on-demand manufacturing. However, research addressing the economic impact of AM on pharmaceutical manufacturing has so far been very limited. In particular, there is a dearth of empirical investigations into manufacturing costs of additively deposited drugs despite an urgent need within the pharmaceutical industry to understand the cost relationships embodied by the technology prior to its adoption.Materials and Methods: Based the application of existing cost models within the medical device domain, we develop a robust cost model for ink-jetted solid dosage forms by incorporating factors of batch size, necessary ancillary process elements, process failure, product rejection and material waste streams. In an experimental approach involving the material jetting system Dimatix DMP 2830, we investigate the fabrication of Ropinirole, a medication developed to treat Parkinson’s disease.
Results and Discussion: The experimental data provides detailed insight into the relationships between technological parameters and cost characteristics, several of which take the form of trade-offs. Our results show that increasing the batch size reduces well-structured unit costs but also leads to increasing costs relating to risk and build failure. AM systems are able to deposit a large variety of tablets and there are thus very limited costs associated with changeovers and customization.
Conclusion: We perceive possible applications for AM in the manufacture of orphan drugs targeting small patient populations - which is associated with a high profit potential. However, our experimental investigation into manufacturing cost demonstrates that there are still hurdles to overcome on the journey to commercial-scale manufacturing, including scale-up, process stability, automation, in-process monitoring quality control, etc.
A portable grid infrastructure for resource-aware applications (2006)

Modern, resource-intensive enterprise and scientific applications are increasingly architected using parallel and distributed components deployed on grid platforms. Grid environments are typically heterogeneous and subject to large load variations. Such characteristics require a portable programming infrastructure and comprehensive support for resource management as well as dynamic adaptation to varying resource availability. Resource-aware applications pro-actively monitor and dynamically adapt their behavior to accommodate to changing resource consumption constraints. Strategies such as internal load-balancing and job re-submission can correct sub-optimal scheduling decisions and thus enhance performance. As utilizing the potential of resource awareness requires close interaction with resource management subsystems, implementations often rely on low-level, platform-specific features, which impair portability. What is needed is uncompromised portability of all aspects of resource management in grid systems. We demonstrate that the Java platform, equipped with the APIs for distributed resource management, can be used for building a portable grid infrastructure. In particular, we describe the design and implementation of a cluster management system capable of controlled execution of parallel, resource-aware Java applications. We empirically show that our solution allows for efficient, fine-grained resource management, sufficient for tapping the performance benefits promised by the resource-conscious applications.
New directions in networking technologies in emerging economies [Guest editorial] (2007)

The seven articles in this special section are devoted to new directions in networking technologies in emerging economies.
MECHANICAL VERSUS KINEMATIC ALIGNMENT IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: DOES THE BONE DENSITY PROFILE AT THE IMPLANT-TIBIA INTERFACE DIFFER? (2018)

Background Defining optimal coronal alignment in Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a controversial and poorly understood subject. Tibial bone density may affect implant stability and functional outco...
Efficient Light Harvesting Polymers for Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photovoltaic Cells (2003)

Carboxylated polythiophenes were found to be alternative photo sensitizers for nanocrystalline TiO2 photovoltaic (PV) cells. The overall solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency found was ∼1.5% in these regenerative electrochemical photovoltaic cells without any dye sensitizer. These initial and promising results are believed to be due to the presence of the carboxylic group which provides enhanced adsorption and transport of the photoinduced charge. Further optimization is expected to result in even higher PV performance.
Pivot: Automatically Offering Information and Services to Real-World Shoppers (2008)

Shoppers with an internet-enabled computer have a wealth of product information available to them. By browsing to a variety of websites, users can conduct searches and compare prices, read reviews, and learn more about a product. These sites are pivot points for a user; once they are at Amazon.com's landing page, for example, they can navigate outwards to a million different products. The idiom of browsing to a central page for a site and then navigating outwards is acceptable when browsing is convenient, with large displays and useful input devices. This process becomes inconvenient, however, when the user is out and about in the world. We have built a system, Pivot, that uses physical objects as pivot points for the user. Specifically, Pivot uses the 1-D barcodes present on every product to deliver powerful services and options to a user on his or her cellphone. These services are chosen to be most useful to a user in the moment and trying to make a purchase decision. This paper describes the motivations for the system, the system itself, its current real-world deployment, and our intended future work.
Diode-Assisted Buck–Boost Voltage-Source Inverters (2009)

This paper proposes a number of diode-assisted buck-boost voltage-source inverters with a unique X-shaped diode-capacitor network inserted between the inverter circuitry and dc source for producing a voltage gain that is comparatively higher than those of other buck-boost conversion techniques. Using the diode-assisted network, the proposed inverters can naturally configure themselves to perform capacitive charging in parallel and discharging in series to give a higher voltage multiplication factor without compromising waveform quality. In addition, by adopting different front-end circuitries, a number of diode-assisted inverter variants can be designed with each having its own operational principle and voltage gain expression. For controlling them, a generic modulation scheme that can be used for controlling all diode-assisted variants with minimized harmonic distortion and component stress is first designed, before proceeding on to design a second scheme with minimized commutation count for complement. All theoretical findings discussed in the paper were verified experimentally using a number of scale-down laboratory prototypes with relevant results presented in a later section for visual confirmation.
Superelliptical insert gradient coil with a field‐modifying layer for breast imaging (2010)

Many MRI applications such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast require high spatial and temporal resolution and can benefit from improved gradient performance, e.g., increased gradient strength and reduced gradient rise time. The improved gradient performance required to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution for this application may be achieved by using local insert gradients specifically designed for a target anatomy. Current flat gradient systems cannot create an imaging volume large enough to accommodate both breasts; further, their gradient fields are not homogeneous, dropping off rapidly with distance from the gradient coil surface. To attain an imaging volume adequate for bilateral breast MRI, a planar local gradient system design has been modified into a superellipse shape, creating homogeneous gradient volumes that are 182% (Gx), 57% (Gy), and 75% (Gz) wider (left/right direction) than those of the corresponding standard planar gradient. Adding an additional field-modifying gradient winding results in an additional improvement of the homogeneous gradient field near the gradient coil surface over the already enlarged homogeneous gradient volumes of the superelliptical gradients (67%, 89%, and 214% for Gx, Gy, and Gz respectively). A prototype y-gradient insert has been built to demonstrate imaging and implementation characteristics of the superellipse gradient in a 3 T MRI system.
Upconverting luminescent nanomaterials: application to in vivo bioimaging (2009)

In this report, the development of multi-channel anti-Stokes luminescent Y2O3 nanoparticles for application to in vivo upconversion imaging is detailed.
Characterization of Belt Restraint Systems in Quasistatic Vehicle Rollover Tests (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, we investigate a new method of testing the occupant kinematics in a rollover crash situation. Much of this work is based on previous full scale vehicle studies by Orlowski and Bahling (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;). Their work concentrated on FMVSS 208 dolly rollover tests of vehicles equipped with production and reinforced vehicle roofs. They found that the occupant's kinematics, as opposed to roof crush, were responsible for potentially injurious neck injuries as a result of diving type accident kinematics of the head and torso.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This led us to examine seat system, belt restraint system and belt restraint anchorage designs that could potentially improve the occupants head to roof clearance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A simulated vehicle environment with representative seat and belt restraint systems was chosen as the baseline system. These quasistatic tests applied a rigid roof I seat and belt restraint geometry. Kinematics of a 50th percentile Hybrid Ill dummy were analyzed in the quasistatic test procedure. Modifications of the seat, belt restraint system, and its anchorages changed the trajectory and kinematics of the dummy. This paper describes the laboratory test fixture, test method for simulating rollover, and results of some of over thirty rollover tests. Based on these results, a seat, belt restraint, and belt restraint anchorage design is described for this vehicle environment that reduced the excursion of the dummies from their seats in these simulations.&lt;/div&gt;
Enzymatic resolution of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-7-ol and the preparation of some polysubstituted bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-ones via highly strained tricyclo[4.2.0.01,5]octan-8-ones (1988)

Several tricyclo[4.2.0.01,5]octan-8-ones (13)–(19) have been prepared and the crystal structure of one member of the series [compound (14)] has been determined; the strained tricyclic ketones react with a range of nucleophiles to give polysubstituted bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-ones.
MEDICAL AND NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2011)

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a devastating complication of malignancy and is rarely seen in esophageal carcinoma. Herein we describe a patient who was found to have not only leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from esophageal adenocarcinoma but also concurrent Pediococcus bacterial meningitis. A sixty-six year old man with known esophageal adenocarcinoma, which was previously treated with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin with concurrent radiation therapy followed by transhiatal esophagectomy, presented sixteen months after initial treatment with failure to thrive and headache for one month. Diagnostic testing of cerebrospinal fluid revealed adenocarcinoma by cytology and Pediococcus species by culture. Pediococcus causing meningitis is uncommon, previously having been described in only one case report in the English literature. The concurrent finding of both of these conditions in our patient is extremely unusual. It is unknown if the concurrent conditions of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and Pediococcus meningitis are related or independent conditions. We postulate several possible mechanisms for the causation of this unusual presentation and review recent literature regarding the treatment of these conditions.
Vesicular Stomatitis: an Oncolytic Virus that Exploits Tumor-Specific Defects in the Interferon Pathway (2004)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is part of a new generation of small RNA viruses being developed as replicating cancer therapeutics. Vesicular stomatitis virus replicates in and kills a wide variety of human cancer cell lines, and is highly effective in mouse cancer models. It is exquisitely sensitive to the antiviral effects of the interferon (IFN) family of cytokines and its oncolytic activity depends on the presence of inherent de-fects in the IFN signaling pathway in cancer cells. Recent research has shown that IFN-inducing VSV mutants are attenuated in normal cells, but not in cancer cells. These mutants can be administered i.v. to mice at high doses, and can effect durable cures in disseminated cancer models. Other research has highlighted the potential of VSV engineered to express transgenes that could enhance the antitumor immune response, cause bystander-cell killing, or retarget VSV to receptors expressed at high levels on cancer cells. Now that several first-generation oncolytic viruses have entered into clinical trials, the lessons learned from these viruses can be applied to second-generation viruses, such as VSV, to develop more effective, safe, replicating cancer therapeutics.
Performances of the PS2 Parallel Storage and Processing System for Tomographic Image (1997)

We propose a new approach for developing parallel I/O- and compute-intensive applications. At a high level of abstraction, a macro data flow description describes how processing and disk access operations are combined. This high-level description (CAP) is precompiled into compilable and executable C++ source language. Parallel file system components specified by CAP are offered as reusable CAP operations. Low-level parallel file system components can, thanks to the CAP formalism, be combined with processing operations in order to yield efficient pipelined parallel I/O and compute intensive programs. The underlying parallel system is based on commodity components (PentiumPro processors, Fast Ethernet) and runs on top of WindowsNT. The CAP-based parallel program development approach is applied to the development of an I/O and processing intensive tomographic 3D image visualization application. Configurations range from a single PentiumPro 1-disk system to a four PentiumPro 27-disk system. We show that performances scale well when increasing the number of processors and disks. With the largest configuration, the system is able to extract in parallel and project into the display space between three and four 512x512 images per second. The images may have any orientation and are extracted from a 100 MByte 3D tomographic image striped over the available set of disks.
Low-Loss 1000°C-Stable Fiber Bragg Gratings Written Using the Phase Mask Technique and a Femtosecond Laser (2022)

Low-loss 1000°C-stable Bragg gratings are inscribed in Ge-doped silica fiber using the phase-mask technique and a single infrared femtosecond laser pulse. The morphology of the light-induced modification is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF NΔ‐(PHOSPHONOACETYL)‐L‐ORNITHINE (1984)

Abstract Die im Titel genannte Verbindung (IV), die ein sgezifischer lnhibitor für Ornithin‐Transcarbamylase ist,.
Multiscale modeling of polyisoprene on graphite (2014)

The local dynamics and the conformational properties of polyisoprene next to a smooth graphite surface constructed by graphene layers are studied by a multiscale methodology. First, fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of oligomers next to the surface are performed. Subsequently, Monte Carlo simulations of a systematically derived coarse-grained model generate numerous uncorrelated structures for polymer systems. A new reverse backmapping strategy is presented that reintroduces atomistic detail. Finally, multiple extensive fully atomistic simulations with large systems of long macromolecules are employed to examine local dynamics in proximity to graphite. Polyisoprene repeat units arrange close to a parallel configuration with chains exhibiting a distribution of contact lengths. Efficient Monte Carlo algorithms with the coarse-grain model are capable of sampling these distributions for any molecular weight in quantitative agreement with predictions from atomistic models. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations with well-equilibrated systems at all length-scales support an increased dynamic heterogeneity that is emerging from both intermolecular interactions with the flat surface and intramolecular cooperativity. This study provides a detailed comprehensive picture of polyisoprene on a flat surface and consists of an effort to characterize such systems in atomistic detail.
Identification and Engineering of Transporters for Efficient Melatonin Production in Escherichia coli (2022)

Transporter discovery and engineering play an important role in cell factory development. Decreasing the intracellular concentration of the product reduces product inhibition and/or toxicity. Lowering intracellular concentrations is especially beneficial for achieving a robust strain at high titers. However, the identification of transporters for xenobiotic chemicals in the host strain is challenging. Here we present a high-throughput workflow to discover <i>Escherichia coli</i> transporters responsible for the efflux of the inhibitory xenobiotic compound melatonin. We took advantage of the Keio collection and screened about 400 transporter knockouts in the presence of a high concentration of melatonin. We found five transporters that when knocked out showed decreased tolerance to melatonin, indicating they are exporters of melatonin. We overexpressed these five genes individually in the production strain and found that one of them, <i>yhjV</i>, encoding a transporter with unknown substrates, resulted in a 27% titer increase in cultivation mimicking fed-batch fermentation. This study demonstrates how microbial cell factories can be improved through transporter identification and engineering. Further, these results lay the foundation for the scale-up of melatonin production in <i>E. coli</i>.
Comparison of Electromagnetic Wave, Light Intensity and Electric Charge of PD on Crossed Magnet Wires under Repetitive Impulses (2008)

For PD detection of converter-fed motor windings, electromagnetic wave is one of the promising signals because of remote detection. This paper described fundamental relations of electromagnetic wave and other optical and electric signals from PD using crossed magnetic wires under repetitive impulses. Detection capability of plural PD pulses under one voltage impulse is discussed in detail.
Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging (2021)

Cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) after topical formulation application has been a research area of particular interest for regulatory and drug development scientists to mechanistically understand topical bioavailability (BA). Semi-invasive techniques, such as tape-stripping, dermal microdialysis, or dermal open-flow microperfusion, all quantify macroscale cPK. While these techniques have provided vast cPK knowledge, the community lacks a mechanistic understanding of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) penetration and permeation at the cellular level. One noninvasive approach to address microscale cPK is coherent Raman scattering imaging (CRI), which selectively targets intrinsic molecular vibrations without the need for extrinsic labels or chemical modification. CRI has two main methods-coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)-that enable sensitive and selective quantification of APIs or inactive ingredients. CARS is typically utilized to derive structural skin information or visualize chemical contrast. In contrast, the SRS signal, which is linear with molecular concentration, is used to quantify APIs or inactive ingredients within skin stratifications. Although mouse tissue has commonly been utilized for cPK with CRI, topical BA and bioequivalence (BE) must ultimately be assessed in human tissue before regulatory approval. This paper presents a methodology to prepare and image ex vivo skin to be used in quantitative pharmacokinetic CRI studies in the evaluation of topical BA and BE. This methodology enables reliable and reproducible API quantification within human and mouse skin over time. The concentrations within lipid-rich and lipid-poor compartments, as well as total API concentration over time are quantified; these are utilized for estimates of micro- and macroscale BA and, potentially, BE.
Frontal and motor cortex contributions to response inhibition: evidence from electrocorticography (2016)

Changes in the environment require rapid modification or inhibition of ongoing behavior. We used the stop-signal paradigm and intracranial recordings to investigate response preparation, inhibition, and monitoring of task-relevant information. Electrocorticographic data were recorded in eight patients with electrodes covering frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex, and time-frequency analysis was used to examine power differences in the beta (13-30 Hz) and high-gamma bands (60-180 Hz). Over motor cortex, beta power decreased, and high-gamma power increased during motor preparation for both go trials (Go) and unsuccessful stops (US). For successful stops (SS), beta increased, and high-gamma was reduced, indexing the cancellation of the prepared response. In the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), stop signals elicited a transient high-gamma increase. The MFG response occurred before the estimated stop-signal reaction time but did not distinguish between SS and US trials, likely signaling attention to the salient stop stimulus. A postresponse high-gamma increase in MFG was stronger for US compared with SS and absent in Go, supporting a role in behavior monitoring. These results provide evidence for differential contributions of frontal subregions to response inhibition, including motor preparation and inhibitory control in motor cortex and cognitive control and action evaluation in lateral prefrontal cortex.