gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-Pulse Laser Damage in Transparent Materials as a Function of Pulse Duration (1999)

We present a single-shot damage threshold measurement and modeling for fused silica at 800 nm as a function of pulse duration down to 20 fs. We examine the respective roles of multiphoton ionization, tunnel ionization, and impact ionization in laser damage. We find that avalanche predominates even in the case of sub-100-fs pulses.
Production and identification of recombinant proteins of and their use in detection of antibodies in experimentally challenged animals (1995)

Antibodies to experimental Salmonella typhimurium challenge in cattle and sheep were assessed by 15 recombinant flagellum proteins. The 15 DNA fragments selected for gene expression were derived from external flagellin, hook, hook-associated protein, and basal body gene domains. Our efforts were focused on characterizing the humoral immune response of Salmonella infected and vaccinated animals and identifying immunodominant antigenic determinants. This communication reports that the 159-261 amino acids of external flagellum (FliCi-1), 285-331 amino acids of hook protein (FlgE-2), and 309-391 amino acids and 440-537 amino acids of hook-associated protein (FlgK-1 and -2) appeared to be the most immunoreactive proteins and were recognized by all of the experimental animal sera tested in this study.
Supercritical Fluid Processing of Materials for Regenerative Medicine (2013)

In the field of regenerative medicine scaffolds, supercritical fluids (SCFs) were initially utilised to create microporous biodegradable polymeric foams. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and other SCFs were desirable solvents as they were inexpensive, non-toxic, non-flammable, did not leave residues and could be reclaimed from other processes. Additionally, the plasticisation of polymers by scCO2 provided opportunities for the incorporation of thermolabile molecules. Whilst SCFs are still well utilised in the production of foamed matrices their versatility has enabled their use in other processes such as microparticle formation, polymer purification, sterilisation, tissue decellularisation and medical device coatings. Recent patents and innovative developments pertaining to the use of supercritical fluids in these processes are discussed herein.
Role of batteries and fuel cells in achieving Net Zero: Session 2: Formal meeting (oral evidence session) (2021)

The House of Lords Science and Technology Committee will hear from leading researchers about anticipated developments in batteries and fuel cells over the next ten years that could contribute to meeting the net-zero target.The Committee continues its inquiry into the Role of batteries and fuel cells in achieving Net Zero. It will ask a panel of experts about batteries, hearing about the current state-of-the-art in technologies that are currently in deployment, primarily lithium-ion batteries. It will also explore the potential of next generation technologies currently in development and the challenges in scaling them up to manufacture.The Committee will then question a second panel about fuel cells, hearing about the different types available and their applications. It will explore challenges that need to be overcome in the development of the technology, and will consider the UK’s international standing in the sector.Meeting detailsAt 10.00am: Oral evidenceProfessor Serena Corr, Chair in Functional Nanomaterials, and Director of Research, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at University of SheffieldProfessor Paul Shearing, Professor in Chemical Engineering at University College LondonDr Jerry Barker, Founder and Chief Technology Officer at Faradion LimitedDr Melanie Loveridge, Associate Professor, Warwick Manufacturing Group at University of WarwickAt 11.00am: Oral evidenceProfessor Andrea Russell, Professor of Physical Electrochemistry at University of SouthamptonProfessor Anthony Kucernak, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences at Imperial College LondonProfessor John Irvine, Professor, School of Chemistry at University of St AndrewsPossible questionsWhat contribution are battery and fuel cell technologies currently making towards decarbonization in the UK?What advances do we expect to see in battery and fuel cell technologies, and over what timeframes?How quickly can UK battery and fuel cell manufacture be scaled up to meet electrification demands?What are the challenges facing technological innovation and deployment in heavy transport?Are there any sectors where battery and fuel cell technologies are not currently used but could contribute to decarbonisation?What are the life cycle environmental impacts of batteries and fuel cells?Parliament TV video of the meetingThis is part two of a three part enquiry.Part one can be found here and part three can be found here.
Photonically-Synthesized Waveforms to Combat Broadband Antenna Phase Distortions (2007)

We review our work in photonically enabled arbitrary electromagnetic waveform generation. Here, we emphasize a technique based on Fourier transform optical pulse shaping that enables user-defined radio-frequency waveforms with frequency content spanning the ~1-11 GHz range. We highlight the capabilities of this technique by demonstrating our apparatus may be used to combat waveform distortions arising from the nonuniform phase response of broadband antennas. In this work, we demonstrate compression (dispersion compensation) of waveforms with up to 10 GHz bandwidth at a center frequency of 6 GHz.
Ionic Liquids, 3. Synthesis and Utilisation of Protic Imidazolium Salts in Homogeneous Catalysis (2003)

Abstract Protonation of 1‐alkylimidazoles provides halogen‐free salts which act as ionic liquids and proton reservoir in proton‐ and metal‐assisted catalytic processes like dimerisation of methyl acrylate and ring closing metathesis, and lead to significant improvements both in activity and selectivity.
Aminotetralone analogs of ketamine: synthesis and evaluation of hypnotic and locomotor properties in mice (1985)

Ketamine and phencyclidine are structurally similar compounds that share many pharmacological actions, some of which are similar to the phenethylamines amphetamine and cathione. In order to integrate structural features of ketamine and cathinone, two groups of analogues, which are more conformationally restricted compared to the parent compounds, were synthesized for biological evaluation. These included 1-amino-1-methyl-2-tetralone and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-tetralone was well as several N-substituted derivatives of these molecules. Locomotor activity testing in mice revealed that 2-amino-2-methyl-1-tetralone caused an increase in locomotor activity while 1-amino-1-methyl-2-tetralone depressed spontaneous locomotor activity. None of the compounds produced hypnosis or profound ataxia.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2017)

Mantle cell lymphoma is a clinically heterogeneous disease occurring within a heterogeneous patient population, highlighting a need for personalized therapy to ensure optimal outcomes. It is therefore critical to understand the benefits and risks associated with both intensive and deintensified approaches. In the following review we provide a therapeutic roadmap to strategically guide treatment for newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients highlighting pivotal and recently published results involving known and novel therapies.
Multi‐functional microbial fuel cells for power, treatment and electro‐osmotic purification of urine (2018)

Iron based catalyst Fe-NCB was shown to be a suitable electrocatalyst for the air-breathing cathode, improving power production from urine-fed MFCs. The results suggest electrochemical treatment through electro-osmotic drag while the electricity is produced and not consumed. Electro-osmotic production of clear catholyte is shown to extract water from urine against osmotic pressure. Recovering valuable resources from urine would help to transform energy intensive treatments to resource production, and will create opportunities for new technology development. © 2018 The Authors. <i>Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology</i> published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Macroscopic-microscopic mechanical relaxation behavior of hybrid organic-inorganic materials (2001)

The mechanical properties of transparent hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites made from siloxane and zirconium oxopolymers are investigated at two different length scales. The complex interface that associates the two phases is made of covalent ZrOSi bonds and hydrogen bonding. The rubbery properties studied by creep and recovery present specific behaviors in comparison with model elastomers. This is a result of the complex crosslinking units. The stress relaxation phenomenon has been studied at the molecular scale by 2H quadrupolar NMR. During stress relaxation, the anisotropy of the molecular motion decreases slowly. This study demonstrates the straightforward relationship existing between the macroscopic and microscopic relaxation phenomena. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 645–650, 2001
Antigen-specific murine T cell clones produce soluble interleukin 2 receptor on stimulation with specific antigens. (1986)

In this study, we used monoclonal antibodies to the murine IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) termed 3C7 and 7D4, which bind to different epitopes on the murine IL 2R, to develop an ELISA to measure soluble murine IL 2R. Surprisingly, stimulated murine spleen cells not only expressed cell-associated IL 2R, but also produced a considerable level of cell free IL 2R in the culture supernatant fluid. To assess the fine specificity of this response, myoglobin-immune murine T cell clones were stimulated with appropriate or inappropriate antigen and syngeneic or allogeneic presenting cells. Proliferation, measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation, and levels of soluble IL 2R were determined at day 4. The production of soluble IL 2R displayed the same epitope fine specificity, genetic restriction, and antigen dose-response as the proliferative response. Indeed, in some cases there was sharper discrimination of epitope specificity and genetic restriction with the soluble IL 2R levels. There was also reproducible clone-to-clone variation in the amount of soluble receptor produced in response to antigen among 12 T cell clones and lines tested. In time course experiments, proliferation was greatest at day 3, whereas soluble IL 2R levels continued to rise in subsequent days. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of release or secretion of soluble IL 2R by murine T cells, and the first demonstration of the fine specificity and genetic restriction of the induction of soluble IL 2R by specific antigen.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Eradication of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with FLT3 Ligand–Targeted miR-150 Nanoparticles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for supplemental figures.&lt;/p&gt;
In Vitro Bioactivity of Atomic Layer Deposited Titanium Dioxide on Titanium and Silicon Substrates (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
SARS-CoV-2 viral load and antibody responses: the case for convalescent plasma therapy (2020)

Most patients with COVID-19 lack antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in the first 10 days of illness while the virus drives disease pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 antibody deficiency in the setting of a tissue viral burden suggests that using an antibody as a therapeutic agent would augment the antiviral immune response. In this issue of the JCI, Wang and collaborators describe the kinetics of viral load and the antibody responses of 23 individuals with COVID-19 experiencing mild and severe disease. The researchers found that (a) individuals with mild and severe disease produced neutralizing IgG to SARS-CoV-2 10 days after disease onset, (b) SARS-CoV-2 persisted longer in those with severe disease, and (c) there was cross-reactivity between antibodies to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, but only antibodies from patients with COVID-19 neutralized SARS-CoV-2. These observations provide important information on the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 that can inform the use of convalescent plasma therapy.
Colchicine-, Vinblastine-, Taxol- and Eribulin-based Payloads for Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs) (2019)

Although payloads based on the auristatins and maytansines are the best-known tubulin inhibitors used in the preparation of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), other payloads such as the vinca alkaloids, taxol and its analogues and colchicine have also been utilised. More recently, the tubulin inhibitor eribulin, derived from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai has been developed as an ADC payload, and one ADC based on eribulin (MORAb-202) is presently being evaluated in clinical settings for the treatment of folate-receptor-positive solid tumours.
Liquid crystals for optical non-display applications (2012)

Liquid crystals (LCs) demonstrate a number of unusual physical properties and effects that so far has been explored mainly for LC display (LCD) applications. This presentation discusses aspects of LCs that lead to the new opportunities in non-LCD applications, such as biosensors, micro- and opto-fluidics, switchable metamaterials. A LC is a unique medium for colloidal particles as it responds to the presence of inclusions by altering the orientation of LC molecules and thus the optic axis. The effect can be used in real-time sensing of microbes, as the molecular reorientation is easily detectable by optical means. Symmetry breaking associated with director distortions around inclusions in LCs enables a new mechanism of nonlinear electrophoresis. In the liquid-crystal enabled electrophoresis (LCEEP), the velocity of particle grows with the square of the applied field. The feature allows one to use an AC driving, to create steady flows and to move uncharged particle. The trajectory of particle is not necessarily parallel to the electric field and can be controlled by the director configuration. A gradient electric field can be used to align metallic nanorods into ordered LC-like birefringent structures with spatially varying refractive index; the latter represents a switchable medium for transformation optics.
Comprehensive insulin receptor phosphorylation dynamics profiled by mass spectrometry (2021)

Insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation is critical for the assessment of the extent of IR agonism and nuances in the downstream signaling cascade. A thorough identification and monitoring of the phosphorylation events is important for understanding the process of insulin signaling transduction and regulation. Although IR phosphorylation has been studied extensively in the past decades, only a handful of phosphorylation sites can be identified by either traditional antibody-based assays or recent large-scale mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics approaches. In the present study, the most exhaustive assessment of the IR phosphorylation was conducted using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in which 13 IR phosphorylation sites and 22 combinations thereof were analyzed. The kinetic analysis included Y965, Y972, S968/969, and S974/976 in the juxtamembrane region; Y1158, Y1162, and Y1163 in the kinase domain; and Y1328, Y1334, S1278, S1320, S1321, and T1348 in the C-terminal region. Employing two different receptor agonists (i.e. insulin and an IR peptide agonist), the data revealed contrasting phosphorylation kinetics across these sites with dynamics far more diverse than expected for known IR agonists. Notably, cell trafficking experiments revealed that the IR peptide agonist was incapable of inducing IR to the early endosome, which is probably linked to a difference in IR phosphorylation. The present study provides a powerful tool for investigating IR signaling and trafficking that will benefit the design of IR agonists with improved therapeutic utility.
Loss of p16INK4a expression correlates with decreased survival in pediatric osteosarcomas (2001)

Abnormalities of the G1 cell-cycle checkpoint are commonly reported in cancers at various anatomic sites. pRB, p16(INK4a) and cyclin D1 are critical G1-checkpoint proteins responsible for maintaining the balance of cellular proliferation. We examined a series of 38 pediatric osteosarcomas for abnormal expression of pRB, p16(INK4a) and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemical analysis of archival biopsy specimens. Overall, 17/38 (45%) osteosarcomas showed evidence of G1-checkpoint abrogation, including 11/38 (29%) with loss of pRB expression and 6/38 (16%) with loss of p16(INK4a) expression. Cyclin D1 over-expression was not detected. There was an inverse correlation between loss of pRB and p16(INK4a) expression (p = 0.07). pRB and p16(INK4a) abnormalities were independent of site of disease, presence of metastasis at diagnosis and percentage of tumor necrosis in the resection specimen. Clinical follow-up was available on all patients (median 31.6 months, range 5.9-116 months). Absence of p16(INK4a) expression significantly correlated with decreased survival in univariate analysis (p = 0.03), while loss of pRB expression did not affect survival. Immunohistochemical analysis of p16(INK4a) expression in pediatric osteosarcomas may be a useful adjunctive marker of prognosis.
Biosynthesis and Secretion of Parathyroid Hormone Are Sensitive to Proteasome Inhibitors in Dispersed Bovine Parathyroid Cells (2002)

Preproparathyroid hormone (prepro-PTH) is one of the proteins abundantly synthesized by parathyroid chief cells; yet under normal growth conditions, little or no prepro-PTH can be detected in these cells. Although this may be attributed to effective cotranslational translocation and proteolytic processing, proteasome-mediated degradation of PTH precursors may be important in the regulation of the levels of these precursors and hence PTH secretion. The effects of N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal, N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-methional, carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132), benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu(t-butyl)-Ala-leucinal (proteasome inhibitor I), and lactacystin on the biosynthesis and secretion of PTH were examined in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. We demonstrate that treatment of these cells with proteasome inhibitors caused the accumulation of prepro-PTH and pro-PTH. Compared with mock-treated cells, the processing of pro-PTH to PTH was delayed, and the secretion of intact PTH decreased in proteasome inhibitor-treated cells. Relieving the inhibition of the proteasome by chasing MG132-treated cells in medium without the inhibitor led to the rapid disappearance of the accumulated prepro-PTH, and the rate of PTH secretion was restored to levels comparable to those in mock-treated cells. Furthermore, overexpression of the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones was observed in proteasome inhibitor-treated cells, and we show that PTH/PTH precursors interact with these molecular chaperones. These data suggest the involvement of parathyroid cell proteasomes in the quality control of PTH biosynthesis.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of D-Fructose-6-phosphate aldolase-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of iminocyclitols. (2007)

A one-pot chemoenzymatic method for the synthesis of a variety of new iminocyclitols from readily available, non-phosphorylated donor substrates has been developed. The method utilizes the recently discovered fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA), which is functionally distinct from known aldolases in its tolerance of different donor substrates as well as acceptor substrates. Kinetic studies were performed with dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the presumed endogenous substrate for FSA, as well as hydroxy acetone (HA) and 1-hydroxy-2-butanone (HB) as donor substrates, in each case using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate as acceptor substrate. Remarkably, FSA used the three donor substrates with equal efficiency, with kcat/KMvalues of 33, 75, and 20 M-1 s-1, respectively. This level of donor substrate tolerance is unprecedented for an aldolase. Furthermore, DHA, HA, and HB were accepted as donors in FSA-catalyzed aldol reactions with a variety of azido- and Cbz-amino aldehyde acceptors. The broad substrate tolerance of FSA and the ability to circumvent the need for phosphorylated substrates allowed for one-pot synthesis of a number of known and novel iminocyclitols in good yields, and in a very concise fashion. New iminocyclitols were assayed as inhibitors against a panel of glycosidases. Compounds 15 and 16 were specific alpha-mannosidase inhibitors, and 24 and 26 were potent and selective inhibitors of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases in the submicromolar range. Facile access to these compounds makes them attractive core structures for further inhibitor optimization. PMID: 17985886 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM044154