gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of High Viscosity Reinforced Silicone Elastomers (2021)

Recent advances in additive manufacturing, specifically direct ink writing (DIW) and ink-jetting, have enabled the production of elastomeric silicone parts with deterministic control over the structure, shape, and mechanical properties. These new technologies offer rapid prototyping advantages and find applications in various fields, including biomedical devices, prosthetics, metamaterials, and soft robotics. Stereolithography (SLA) is a complementary approach with the ability to print with finer features and potentially higher throughput. However, all high-performance silicone elastomers are composites of polysiloxane networks reinforced with particulate filler, and consequently, silicone resins tend to have high viscosities (gel- or paste-like), which complicates or completely inhibits the layer-by-layer recoating process central to most SLA technologies. Herein, the design and build of a digital light projection SLA printer suitable for handling high-viscosity resins is demonstrated. Further, a series of UV-curable silicone resins with thiol-ene crosslinking and reinforced by a combination of fumed silica and MQ resins are also described. The resulting silicone elastomers are shown to have tunable mechanical properties, with 100-350% elongation and ultimate tensile strength from 1 to 2.5 MPa. Three-dimensional printed features of 0.4 mm were achieved, and complexity is demonstrated by octet-truss lattices that display negative stiffness.
Immunoscore as new possible approach for the classification of melanoma. (2014)

e20020 Background: Immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TILs) may either limit or promote tumor progression. Increasing evidence demonstrate that the number, type and location of TILs in primary tumors may have a prognostic role. These observations have led to the development of potential new scoring systems derived from the immune context in tissue and based on the identification and evaluation of specific lymphocyte populations. We explored the potential prognostic value of CD3, CD8, CD20, and FOXP3 as an ‘Immunoscore’ for melanoma patients which would utilize widely accessible, standardized technology. Methods: We collected FFPE lymphadenectomies from 34 melanoma patients, analyzing a total of 150 lymph nodes. We have characterized the Immunoscore by IHC expression of CD3, CD8, CD20 and Foxp3. 3-4 mm serial tissue sections have been cut for H&E and stained with a multiplex of all markers including tumor marker for melanoma (S100). Tissue sections were stained using novel multiplex staining protocols on a VENTANA Benchmark ULTRA instrument as well as serial staining. The number of positive cells has been evaluated by counting them in 5 peritumoral and 5 intratumoral non-overlapping fields using X400 magnification. The expression of each marker as well as combinations of markers have been matched with the most important clinical informations of patients evaluating correlation with clinical outcome. Results: For each case, manual cell counts and regional annotation were taken. The data for each patient were summarized as a median expression across sampled nodes, and these values were then compared between relapse and no relapse groups. There were statistically significant differences in the peri/intra ratio for both CD3 and CD8, with the ratio being higher in no relapse patients compared to relapse patients for both proteins. These trending differences also seemed apparent for both FoxP3 and CD20, although our limited sample size limited some conclusions. We then hypothesized a high/low risk score which we now plan to validate on a larger melanoma cohort. Conclusions: Our results indicate that if proven in additional studies the CD3, CD8, CD20, and FoxP3 panel could be useful as prognostic marker in high risk melanoma patients.
HHO methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes and the incompressible Euler equations (2021)

We propose two Hybrid High-Order (HHO) methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and investigate their robustness with respect to the Reynolds number. While both methods rely on a HHO formulation of the viscous term, the pressure-velocity coupling is fundamentally different, up to the point that the two approaches can be considered antithetical. The first method is kinetic energy preserving, meaning that the skew-symmetric discretization of the convective term is guaranteed not to alter the kinetic energy balance. The approximated velocity fields exactly satisfy the divergence free constraint and continuity of the normal component of the velocity is weakly enforced on the mesh skeleton, leading to H-div conformity. The second scheme relies on Godunov fluxes for pressure-velocity coupling: a Harten, Lax and van Leer (HLL) approximated Riemann Solver designed for cell centered formulations is adapted to hybrid face centered formulations. The resulting numerical scheme is robust up to the inviscid limit, meaning that it can be applied for seeking approximate solutions of the incompressible Euler equations. The schemes are numerically validated performing steady and unsteady two dimensional test cases and evaluating the convergence rates on h-refined mesh sequences. In addition to standard benchmark flow problems, specifically conceived test cases are conducted for studying the error behaviour when approaching the inviscid limit.
Variables affecting the quantitation of CD22 in neoplastic B cells (2010)

CD22 expression was atypical in the hematolymphoid malignancies studied and may have diagnostic utility. Technical variables such as cell number analyzed and delayed processing or overnight shipment of specimens impact significantly on the measurement of antigen expression by QFCM in the clinical laboratory.
Magnetically levitated BLDC motor as a modular teaching tool (2015)

A brushless DC (BLDC) motor with a magnetically levitated rotor was developed as a teaching tool for universities. The BLDC motor is designed as an axial field motor with the motor windings placed on a printed circuit board. Six reluctance actuators are mounted around the rotor and stabilize the rotor in the remaining five degrees of freedom (DOF). Because of its simple and low cost design, it is possible to build the system using standard manufacturing techniques.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of a Non-Natural Nucleotide That Inhibits Human Ribonucleotide Reductase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 68K, Induction of ROS, DSB breaks and apoptosis in cells treated with vorinostat&lt;/p&gt;
Teaching cancer cells to die (2004)

Tumor cells have evolved numerous mechanisms to thwart apoptosis. As our understanding of the machinery which regulates cell-death evolves, these apoptotic defects have fallen into the crosshairs of cancer drug developers. The issues raised in exploiting these alterations for therapeutic benefit are discussed.
The Wet‐Oxidation of a Cu(111) Foil Coated by Single Crystal Graphene (2021)

The wet-oxidation of a single crystal Cu(111) foil is studied by growing single crystal graphene islands on it followed by soaking it in water. <sup>18</sup> O-labeled water is also used; the oxygen atoms in the formed copper oxides in both the bare and graphene-coated Cu regions come from water. The oxidation of the graphene-coated Cu regions is enabled by water diffusing from the edges of graphene along the bunched Cu steps, and along some graphene ripples where such are present. This interfacial diffusion of water can occur because of the separation between the graphene and the "step corner" of bunched Cu steps. Density functional theory simulations suggest that adsorption of water in this gap is thermodynamically stable; the "step-induced-diffusion model" also applies to graphene-coated Cu surfaces of various other crystal orientations. Since bunched Cu steps and graphene ripples are diffusion pathways for water, ripple-free graphene is prepared on ultrasmooth Cu(111) surfaces and it is found that the graphene completely shields the underlying Cu from wet-oxidation. This study greatly deepens the understanding of how a graphene-coated copper surface is oxidized, and shows that graphene completely prevents the oxidation when that surface is ultrasmooth and when the graphene has no ripples or wrinkles.
Multicarrier modulation for HF communications (2016)

High-frequency (HF) communications can be flexibly realized using multicarrier modulation techniques. This paper compares the performance of three widely utilized MCM techniques, namely, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), filter bank multicarrier/offset-QAM (FBMC/OQAM), and filtered multitone (FMT) in HF communications. The performance of these systems is simulated using commonly adopted HF-channel models. It is shown that the simulated uncoded bit-error rate of OFDM is slightly better than that of FBMC/OQAM and FMT. However, with pilot based channel estimation FMT outperforms FBMC/OQAM and OFDM systems in achievable coded frame error rate in case of selective channel models.
Differentiating Proteomic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer by Laser Capture Microdissection and MALDI MS (2008)

We assessed proteomic patterns in breast cancer using MALDI MS and laser capture microdissected cells. Protein and peptide expression in invasive mammary carcinoma versus normal mammary epithelium and estrogen-receptor positive versus estrogen-receptor negative tumors were compared. Biomarker candidates were identified by statistical analysis and classifiers were developed and validated in blinded test sets. Several of the m/ z features used in the classifiers were identified by LC-MS/MS and two were confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Analysis of uracil-DNA glycosylases from the murine Ung gene reveals differential expression in tissues and in embryonic development and a subcellular sorting pattern that differs from the human homologues (2000)

The murine UNG: gene encodes both mitochondrial (Ung1) and nuclear (Ung2) forms of uracil-DNA glyco-sylase. The gene contains seven exons organised like the human counterpart. While the putative Ung1 promoter (P(B)) and the human P(B) contain essentially the same, although differently organised, transcription factor binding elements, the Ung2 promoter (P(A)) shows limited homology to the human counterpart. Transient transfection of chimaeric promoter-luciferase constructs demonstrated that both promoters are functional and that P(B) drives transcription more efficiently than P(A). mRNAs for Ung1 and Ung2 are found in all adult tissues analysed, but they are differentially expressed. Furthermore, transcription of both mRNA forms, particularly Ung2, is induced in mid-gestation embryos. Except for a strong conservation of the 26 N-terminal residues in Ung2, the subcellular targeting sequences in the encoded proteins have limited homology. Ung2 is transported exclusively to the nucleus in NIH 3T3 cells as expected. In contrast, Ung1 was sorted both to nuclei and mitochondria. These results demonstrate that although the catalytic domain of uracil-DNA glycosylase is highly conserved in mouse and man, regulatory elements in the gene and subcellular sorting sequences in the proteins differ both structurally and functionally, resulting in altered contribution of the isoforms to total uracil-DNA glycosylase activity.
Trace gas optical detection using a differential multiple-pass astigmatic Herriott-style cell (2006)

The recent development of a dense pattern, multiple pass optical cell based on cylindrical mirrors makes possible a differential spectroscopic method that removes (nearly) all common mode features including laser noise, laser distortion, and unwanted optical interference fringes (etalons). The cylindrical mirror cell is similar to other astigmatic cells in that the beam enters through a hole drilled in the center of one mirror. Key differences, however, include the property that for most re-entrant beam trajectories have N passes (where N/2 is odd) through the cell, the N/2 spot is always located at the center of the far mirror. In the differential cell approach, a pellicle beamsplitter located just behind a hole in the far mirror transmits a portion of the beam and reflects the remainder to continue the second set of N/2 passes before exiting through the entrance hole. The two beams - one exiting at the far mirror after N/2 passes, the other exiting at the entrance mirror following N passes - are the reference and sample beams, respectively, applied to a noise canceler circuit. Proof-of-principle experiments reported here using near-infrared measurements of methane absorbance show the differential method does work. The optical system used, however, introduced excessive astigmatism in the beam reflected from the pellicle beam splitter because of the displace of the pellicle from the cell mirror surface. That astigmatism made it difficult to align the return beam for the complete set of N/2 passes and to focus the exit beam onto the photodiode detector. Design improvements are discussed.
Highly Enhanced Cycleability from High Crystalline Biaxially Aligned CNT Web for Li-Air Cathode Applications (2018)

In recent years, Li-O2 batteries have attracted a great deal of attention due to the high theoretical capacity for applications as electronic vehicles. Carbon nanotubes are widely used as cathode materials for Li-O2 batteries because of their high conductivity, high surface area and low density. However, due to their hydrophobic surface properties and the high van der Waals interaction between their walls, they tend to aggregate on their own, failing full use of the CNT surface. Therefore, it is necessary to engineer the nanoscale space between the CNTs such that each CNT aligns with each other and the nanoscale spacing lies between them. In this way, it is possible for the ionic liquid electrolyte and oxygen to access individual CNTs and enable uniform Li2O2 formation. In this research, we developed a one-step process for biaxially oriented, highly crystalline CNT fabrics using a combination of floating catalyst chemical deposition (FCCVD) and one-step direct spinning technology. A highly crystalline DWCNT with a diameter of 6 nm was synthesized by FCCVD using ferrocene, thiophene, and methane, as precursors, and as-spun CNTs were woven into fabric by 2-directional spinning process. The intensity ratio between D and G bands (ID/IG) of 0.06 showed high crystallinity of CNT surface. The microscopic architectures of randomly oriented CNT fabric and biaxially oriented CNT fabric were investigated using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (See Figure 1.(a) and (b)). The biaxial orientation was reconfirmed using a polarized Raman spectroscopy. In order to investigate the effect of the microscopic structure on the performance of the Li-O2 battery, we have assembled Li-O2 cells using a random CNT fabric and a biaxially aligned CNT fabric as a cathode. In the random CNT cathode, the charging overpotential gradually increases, leading to rapid decay of capacity upon cycling (Fig. 1(c)). The increase in overpotential is typically associated with the accumulation of insulating byproducts due to parasitic reactions involving the electrolyte or the carbon electrode. However, in the biaxially aligned CNT electrode, a much improved cycle stability and small charging overpotentials are demonstrated (Fig. 1.(d)). This dramatically improved cycling performance might result from the increase in the surface area corresponding to mesopores, providing more effective sites capable of carrying discharge products such as Li2O2. In addition, Li-O2 cathode using biaxially aligned CNT fabric can offer open framework in which O2 and electrolytes can access to the individual CNTs, facilitating reversible Li2O2 formation and removal, and consequently exhibiting enhanced cyclability. Figure 1
The hot IVGTT two-compartment minimal model: indexes  of glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity (1997)

A two-compartment minimal model (2CMM) has been proposed [A. Caumo and C. Cobelli. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Endocrinol. Metab. 27): E829-E841, 1993] to describe intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) labeled (hereafter hot) glucose kinetics. This model, at variance with the one-compartment minimal model (1CMM), allows the estimation of a plausible profile of glucose production. The aim of this study is to show that the 2CMM also allows the assessment of insulin sensitivity (SI2*), glucose effectiveness (SG2*), and plasma clearance rate (PCR). The 2CMM was identified on stable-isotope IVGTTs performed in normal subjects (n = 14). Results were (means +/- SE) SG2* = 0.85 +/- 0.14 ml.kg-1.min-1, PCR = 2.02 +/- 0.14 ml.kg-1.min-1, and SI2* = 13.83 +/- 2.54 x 10(-2) ml.kg-1.min-1.microU-1.ml. The 1CMM was also identified; glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity indexes were SG*V = 1.36 +/- 0.08 ml.kg-1.min-1 and SI*V = 12.98 +/- 2.21 x 10(-2) ml.kg-1.min-1.microU-1.ml, respectively, where V is the 1CMM glucose distribution volume. SG*V was lower than PCR and higher than SG2* and did not correlate with either [r = 0.45 (NS) and r = 0.50 (NS), respectively], whereas SI*V was not different from and was correlated with SI2* (r = 0.95; P < 0.001). SG* compares well (r = 0.78; P < 0.001) with PCR normalized by the 2CMM total glucose distribution volume. In conclusion, the 2CMM is a powerful tool to assess glucose metabolism in vivo.
A study of high interrupting capacity equipment and systems for Class 1 hazardous (classified) locations (2002)

There are numerous methods of handling high fault currents in the modern industrial facility. When it comes to hazardous locations however, questions abound over the equipment and/or systems required to survive these conditions without causing ignition of the surrounding atmosphere. Many opinions, and in some cases misconceptions, exist over what actually is suitable for such an application. Two alternatives are presented here: one using a system approach; the other regarding explosion-proof equipment designed for this application.
Synthesis, Structure and Physical Properties of Layered Semiconductors MCuFCh (M: Sr, Eu, Ch: S, Se). (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Coupled convolution layer for convolutional neural network (2016)

We introduce a coupled convolution layer comprising two parallel convolutions with mutually constrained weights. Inspired by the human retina mechanism, we constrain the convolution weights such that one set of weights should be the negative of the other to mimic responses of on-center and off-center retinal ganglion cells. Our analysis shows that the retina-like convolution layer, a special case of the coupled convolution layer, can be realized by a normal convolutional layer with a pair of activation functions designated as Biased ON/OFF ReLU. Experimental comparisons demonstrate that the proposed coupled convolution layer performs better without increasing the number of parameters, which reveals two important facts. First, the separation of the positive and negative part into different channels plays an important role. Secondly, constraining weights across convolutions can produce better performance than training weights freely. We evaluate its effect by comparison with ReLU, LReLU, and PReLU using the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and PlanktonSet 1.0 datasets.
A brain-penetrant RAF dimer antagonist for the noncanonical BRAF oncoprotein of pediatric low-grade astrocytomas (2016)

MLN2480 may be an effective therapeutic for BRAF mutant pediatric astrocytomas.
Degeneration of proprioceptive sensory nerve endings in mice harboring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–causing mutations (2015)

ABSTRACT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily targets the motor system. Although much is known about the effects of ALS on motor neurons and glial cells, little is known about its effect on proprioceptive sensory neurons. This study examines proprioceptive sensory neurons in mice harboring mutations associated with ALS, in SOD1 G93A and TDP43 A315T transgenic mice. In both transgenic lines, we found fewer proprioceptive sensory neurons containing fluorescently tagged cholera toxin in their soma five days after injecting this retrograde tracer into the tibialis anterior muscle. We asked whether this is due to neuronal loss or selective degeneration of peripheral nerve endings. We found no difference in the total number and size of proprioceptive sensory neuron soma between symptomatic SOD1 G93A and control mice. However, analysis of proprioceptive nerve endings in muscles revealed early and significant alterations at Ia/II proprioceptive nerve endings in muscle spindles before the symptomatic phase of the disease. Although these changes occur alongside those at α‐motor axons in SOD1 G93A mice, Ia/II sensory nerve endings degenerate in the absence of obvious alterations in α‐motor axons in TDP43 A315T transgenic mice. We next asked whether proprioceptive nerve endings are similarly affected in the spinal cord and found that nerve endings terminating on α‐motor neurons are affected during the symptomatic phase and after peripheral nerve endings begin to degenerate. Overall, we show that Ia/II proprioceptive sensory neurons are affected by ALS‐causing mutations, with pathological changes starting at their peripheral nerve endings. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2477–2494, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Opioid system diversity in developing neurons, astroglia, and oligodendroglia in the subventricular zone and striatum: Impact on gliogenesis in vivo (2001)

Accumulating evidence, obtained largely in vitro, indicates that opioids regulate the genesis of neurons and glia and their precursors in the nervous system. Despite this evidence, few studies have assessed opioid receptor expression in identified cells within germinal zones or examined opioid effects on gliogenesis in vivo. To address this question, the role of opioids was explored in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and/or striatum of 2-5-day-old and/or adult ICR mice. The results showed that subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the SVZ and striatum differentially express mu-, delta-, and/or kappa-receptor immunoreactivity in a cell type-specific and developmentally regulated manner. In addition, DNA synthesis was assessed by examining 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into glial and nonglial precursors. Morphine (a preferential mu-agonist) significantly decreased the number of BrdU-labeled GFAP(+) cells compared with controls or mice co-treated with naltrexone plus morphine. Alternatively, in S100beta(+) cells, morphine did not significantly decrease BrdU incorporation; however, significant differences were noted between mice treated with morphine and those treated with morphine plus naltrexone. Most cells were GFAP(-)/S100beta(-). When BrdU incorporation was assessed within the total population (glia and nonglia), morphine had no net effect, but naltrexone alone markedly increased BrdU incorporation. This finding suggests that DNA synthesis in GFAP(-)/S100beta(-) cells is tonically suppressed by endogenous opioids. Assuming that S100beta and GFAP, respectively, distinguish among younger and older astroglia, this implies that astroglial replication becomes increasingly sensitive to morphine during maturation, and suggests that opioids differentially regulate the development of distinct subpopulations of glia and glial precursors.