gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of device degradation under AC stress in low-temperature polycrystalline silicon TFTs (2003)

Enhanced device degradation of low-temperature polycrystalline thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) under exposure to AC stress has been quantitatively analyzed. Degradation of the device characteristics of a single-drain (SD) TFT is greater under AC stress than under DC stress over an equivalent period. Hot holes are strongly related to this greater severity of degradation. A lightly doped drain (LDD) TFT is less strongly affected, and the effect here is dominated by the effective drain avalanche hot carrier (DAHC) stress, i.e., period of stress with a duty ratio of DAHC-stress application taken into account. Differences between the electric field in the respective channel regions is responsible for the different degradation properties of SD and LDD TFTs. With substantial contribution from hot-hole and hot-electron concentrations near the drain junctions, we find the severe degradation under AC stress in SD TFTs is caused by increased DAHC stress.
Promoting cooperation by preventing exploitation: The role of network structure (2017)

A growing body of empirical evidence indicates that social and cooperative behavior can be affected by cognitive and neurological factors, suggesting the existence of state-based decision-making mechanisms that may have emerged by evolution. Motivated by these observations, we propose a simple mechanism of anonymous network interactions identified as a form of generalized reciprocity-a concept organized around the premise "help anyone if helped by someone'-and study its dynamics on random graphs. In the presence of such a mechanism, the evolution of cooperation is related to the dynamics of the levels of investments (i.e., probabilities of cooperation) of the individual nodes engaging in interactions. We demonstrate that the propensity for cooperation is determined by a network centrality measure here referred to as neighborhood importance index and discuss relevant implications to natural and artificial systems. To address the robustness of the state-based strategies to an invasion of defectors, we additionally provide an analysis which redefines the results for the case when a fraction of the nodes behave as unconditional defectors.
Specificity of cell membrane antigens in prostatic cancer. (1975)

Mice bearing a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCAM-7) transplant in the right leg underwent surgical excision of the tumor and showed specific resistance to subsequent challenges with that identical tumor line. An in vivo response to tumor-specific antigens (MCAM-7 antigen) solubilized by hypertonic potassium chloride was measured by 24-hour footpad swelling response in mice immunized to the tumor from which the antigens were extracted. These observations suggested that the transplantable MCAM-7 fibrosarcoma could produce immunity toward the solubilized MCAM-7 tumor antigens and that this tumor immunity could be measured by footpad swelling response to injection of the solubilized antigens, an indication of cell-mediated immunity. The footpad swelling response was also minotored in relation to the extent of tumor growth. Mice received MCAM-7 tumor transplants by injection of 5 times 10-6 tumor cells and were tested for footpad swelling response at intervals following tumor transfer. A significant footpad response to injected MCAM-7 antigens was present 10 days following tumor transfer; at this time signs of tumor growth were only minimally detectable. The footpad swelling response to injected antigens disappeared by 28 days following initial tumor transfer; at this time the tumor diameters were in excess of 1.0 cm. Surgical removal of tumor at this point promptly restored footpad responses within 24 hours. Similar techniques have been applied to patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate, where skin testing was substituted for the measurement of footpad swelling in animals. Seven patients with known prostatic carcinoma were given intradermal injections of soluble tumor antigens extracted from their own tumors. Three of the seven patients exhibited a cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity response to the injected autologous tumor extracts. No positivereactions were observed in response to solubilized components of control tissues, including benign prostatic hyperplasia. The significance of the demonstrated concomitant immunity in these patients has not been resolved. However, these observations suggest that some patients bearing adenocarcinoma of the prostate can exhibit an immunologic response to specific antigens present in their own neoplasms.
Preparation and Characterization of a Switchable Single-Component Chromium Trimerization Catalyst (2008)

Reaction of [(Ar)NPN(t-Bu)]2Cr (2) with Me3Al afforded {[(Ar)NP(Me)N(t-Bu)]AlMe2}Cr{[(Ar)NP(Me)(AlMe3)N(t-Bu)]AlMe(μ-Me)} (3), in which the ligandʼs P atom has been alkylated and one AlR2 residue retained by the chelating framework. One of the two ligands also retained an additional Me3Al unit via coordination to the alkylated P atom. Complex 3 provides the first case of a selective ethylene trimerization catalyst with high activity and excellent selectivity, producing 1-hexene upon exposure to ethylene at 80 °C. Furthermore, upon treatment with MAO, complex 3 acts as a nonselective catalyst, producing a statistical mixture of oligomers with the highest ever observed activity. In addition, upon treatment with [(i-Bu)2Al]2O, the complex acts as a highly active polymerization catalyst.
Use of Highly Sensitive C-Reactive Protein for Followup of Wegener’s Granulomatosis (2010)

Our study provides evidence for an additional value of hsCRP in the clinical assessment of patients with WG.
Surface acoustic wave propagation properties of 3C-SiC epitaxial films on Si(100) (1999)

3C-SiC epitaxial films on Si(100) were successfully grown by MOCVD using BTMSM source. The FWHM of 3C-SiC (200) peak was obtained 0.37 degree. Using ZnO piezoelectric thin films, the SAW propagation properties of 3C-SiC thin films on Si(100) have been experimentally and theoretically investigated. The hard 3C-SiC thin films stiffened the Si substrate so that the velocities of fundamental and 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> modes increased up to 5,100 m/s and 9,140 m/s, respectively.
Diaphragm dome surface segmentation in CT data sets: a 3D active appearance model approach (2002)

Knowledge about the location of the diaphragm dome surface, which separates the lungs and the heart from the abdominal cavity, is of vital importance for applications like automated segmentation of adjacent organs (e.g., liver) or functional analysis of the respiratory cycle. We present a new 3D Active Appearance Model (AAM) approach to segmentation of the top layer of the diaphragm dome. The 3D AAM consists of three parts: a 2D closed curve (reference curve), an elevation image and texture layers. The first two parts combined represent 3D shape information and the third part image intensity of the diaphragm dome and the surrounding layers. Differences in height between dome voxels and a reference plane are stored in the elevation image. The reference curve is generated by a parallel projection of the diaphragm dome outline in the axial direction. Landmark point placement is only done on the (2D) reference curve, which can be seen as the bounding curve of the elevation image. Matching is based on a gradient-descent optimization process and uses image intensity appearance around the actual dome shape. Results achieved in 60 computer generated phantom data sets show a high degree of accuracy (positioning error -0.07+/-1.29 mm). Validation using real CT data sets yielded a positioning error of -0.16+/-2.95 mm. Additional training and testing on in-vivo CT image data is ongoing.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis—where to from here? (2019)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of several chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterised by intermittent exacerbations and remission of inflammation symptoms and the progressive development of complications over the course of the disease. Most current therapies focus on the suppression of inflammation, addressing the aberrant immune response aspect of UC. However, such inflammation-directed therapies are met with increasing concerns by both physicians and patients who do not perceive a long term solution in biologics but rather increased risk of serious infection, malignancy, high costs and significant loss of response (1).
The formation and characterization of three-dimensional gold nanocrystal superlattices (2007)

Highly-ordered, three-dimensional superlattices were self-assembled from dodecanethiol-ligated gold nanocrystals using a simple drop-drying technique. The superlattices had the shape of truncated pyramids (frustums) and reached lateral dimensions of several micrometers. The formation and thermal stability were studied by grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering. We found that the superlattice frustums adopt a hcp packing structure. When annealed above 50 °C in vacuum, the lattices started to disorder and the average lattice spacing was observed to decrease. This could be associated with the onset of ligand melting transition as well as the continuous desorption of ligand in vacuum.
Histological progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese patients (2005)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a progressive disease in Chinese patients as in their Caucasian counterparts. Diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may predate development of new components of metabolic syndrome.
Aromatic Stacking Interactions in Aqueous Solution: Evidence That neither Classical Hydrophobic Effects nor Dispersion Forces Are Important (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic Stacking Interactions in Aqueous Solution: Evidence That neither Classical Hydrophobic Effects nor Dispersion Forces Are ImportantLisa F. Newcomb and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11, 4993–4994Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00090a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00090a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1159Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
RNA Chromatography Separation and Analysis (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Features of RNA Chromatography Separation of Double-Stranded and Single-Stranded RNA Separation of Cellular RNA Species Separation of Messenger RNA from Total and Ribosomal RNA Analysis of Transfer RNA Chromatography and Analysis of Synthetic Oligoribonucleotides Application of RNA and DNA Chromatography in cDNA Library Synthesis DNA Chromatography Analyses of RT-PCR and Competitive RT-PCR Products Alternative Splicing Differential Messenger RNA Display via DNA Chromatography References
Random Mutagenesis MAPPIT Analysis Identifies Binding Sites for Vif and Gag in Both Cytidine Deaminase Domains of Apobec3G (2012)

The mammalian two-hybrid system MAPPIT allows the detection of protein-protein interactions in intact human cells. We developed a random mutagenesis screening strategy based on MAPPIT to detect mutations that disrupt the interaction of one protein with multiple protein interactors simultaneously. The strategy was used to detect residues of the human cytidine deaminase Apobec3G that are important for its homodimerization and its interaction with the HIV-1 Gag and Vif proteins. The strategy is able to identify the previously described head-to-head homodimerization interface in the N-terminal domain of Apobec3G. Our analysis further detects two new potential interaction surfaces in the N-and C-terminal domain of Apobec3G for interaction with Vif and Gag or for Apobec3G dimerization.
Ionic liquids and their heating behaviour during microwave irradiation – a state of the art report and challenge to assessment (2003)

Ionic liquids of the 1,3-dialkylimidazolium-type reveal great potential for the innovative application of microwaves for synthesis as well as for separations. Ionic liquids efficiently absorb microwave energy and thus are employed as solvents and co-solvents. In this context, microwaves assist in carrying out syntheses or unit operations.
Two-tone frequency-modulation stimulated Rayleigh spectroscopy (2014)

We have demonstrated two-tone frequency-modulation (FM) stimulated Rayleigh spectroscopy. This method can provide high spectral resolution (∼1 MHz), excellent pump/probe detuning accuracy, and near-shot-noise-limited signal-to-noise ratios using a single narrowband laser as the master oscillator. Pump/probe detuning and FM sideband generation are produced with an electro-optic modulator. A double-pass two-rod Nd:YAG amplifier provides peak powers near 1 kW for the pump beam. Unlike with two-tone FM absorption spectroscopy, the phase signal is retained for two-tone FM Rayleigh spectroscopy. Measurements confirm that the shape of the phase component of the stimulated thermal Rayleigh peak agrees with theory.
Noise Suppression Chanel Estimation Method Using Deep Learning in IEEE 802.11p Standard (2019)

In this paper, we propose a channel estimation method based on a complex valued regression of the neural network for the IEEE 802.11p standard. It consists of the complex weighted summation optimized by feedforward neural network with backpropagation algorithm using initial estimated channel of the pilot and the long preamble. It also exploits the shift matrix in order to mitigate the effect from a systemic problems in IEEE 802.11p standards. The major problems of IEEE 802.11p standard are wide bandwidth of 10 MHz consisting of 64 subcarriers and relatively insufficient four pilot subcarriers at single ODFM symbol, which are unsuitable for a channel of vehicular environment. Despite these problems, the proposed method performs better than the conventional channel estimation methods. The performance of proposed scheme is provided with the comparison between constructed data pilots (CDP), Spectral Temporal Averaging (STA), and proposed scheme. The proposed channel estimation scheme has low mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) throughout the whole SNR region. It is the result from properly trained weight. At the low SNR region, especially, the performance of proposed scheme is much better than CDP and STA scheme. It is because of the noise suppression effect caused by a weighted summation algorithm.
Development of simultaneous transferring and bonding (SITRAB) process for µLED arrays using Anisotropic Solder Paste (ASP) and Laser-Assisted Bonding (LAB) Technology (2021)

We have transferred and bonded a μLED array to the patterned substrate using SITRAB (Simultaneous transferring and bonding) and ASP (Anisotropic Solder Paste). ASP contained epoxy as a base matrix, solder powder, and a small fraction of polymer balls and was applied to the substrate using screen printing. We have arrayed 20×20 of μLEDs on the interposer, which is PDMS laminated glass wafer. The interposer was picked-up by quartz bonder-head and aligned to the substrate. After aligning the interposer to the substrate, the bonder-head moved to the substrate and applying pressure. While applying the pressure, the homogenized laser with a wavelength of 980nm was irradiated through the quartz bonder-head for a few seconds. In this process, transferring and bonding the μLED array are performed simultaneously, so we named this process SITRAB. After the SITRAB process, the μLED array bonded substrate was cured at 120°C for 2 hours. Because the ASP contains no vaporizable substance, there is no fume during the SITRAB process, and the cleaning is unnecessary after the post-cure process. Using ASP material and the SITRAB process, a 20×20 μLED-array was successfully transferred and bonded to the substrate. We observed the light output from the μLED array bonded to the electrodes and measured a cross-sectional SEM image to analyze the bonding joint.
On dimensionality reduction of massive graphs for indexing and retrieval (2011)

In this paper, we will examine the problem of dimensionality reduction of massive disk-resident data sets. Graph mining has become important in recent years because of its numerous applications in community detection, social networking, and web mining. Many graph data sets are defined on massive node domains in which the number of nodes in the underlying domain is very large. As a result, it is often difficult to store and hold the information necessary in order to retrieve and index the data. Most known methods for dimensionality reduction are effective only for data sets defined on modest domains. Furthermore, while the problem of dimensionality reduction is most relevant to the problem of massive data sets, these algorithms are inherently not designed for the case of disk-resident data in terms of the order in which the data is accessed on disk. This is a serious limitation which restricts the applicability of current dimensionality reduction methods. Furthermore, since dimensionality reduction methods are typically designed for database applications such as indexing, it is important to design the underlying data reduction method, so that it can be effectively used for such applications. In this paper, we will examine the difficult problem of dimensionality reduction of graph data in the difficult case in which the underlying number of nodes are very large and the data set is disk-resident. We will propose an effective sampling algorithm for dimensionality reduction and show how to perform the dimensionality reduction in a limited number of passes on disk. We will also design the technique to be highly interpretable and friendly for indexing applications. We will illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach on a number of real data sets.
Analyzing Multiple-Choice Reading and Listening Comprehension Tests (2023)

Multiple-choice reading and listening comprehension tests are an important part of language assessment. Content creators for standard educational tests need to carefully curate questions that assess the comprehension abilities of candidates taking the tests. However, recent work has shown that a large number of questions in general multiple-choice reading comprehension datasets can be answered without comprehension, by leveraging world knowledge instead. This work investigates how much of a contextual passage needs to be read in multiple-choice reading based on conversation transcriptions and listening comprehension tests to be able to work out the correct answer. We find that automated reading comprehension systems can perform significantly better than random with partial or even no access to the context passage. These findings offer an approach for content creators to automatically capture the trade-off between comprehension and world knowledge required for their proposed questions.
‘Viable but non‐culturable cells’ are dead (2021)

Most bacteria lead lives of quiet desperation, so they sleep. By sleeping, bacteria survive ubiquitous stress, such as antibiotics, and can resuscitate to reconstitute infections. As for other nearly universal and highly regulated processes such as biofilm formation, in persistence, a small population of cells have an elegantly-regulated pathway to become dormant. By inactivating their ribosomes, persister cells sleep through stress and resuscitate once (i) the stress is removed, (ii) nutrients are presented and (iii) ribosome content reaches a threshold. During stress, cells often become spheroid and die, becoming hollow, membrane-enclosed vessels. How cellular content is lost is unclear, but it is obvious that these 'cell shells' are dead; i.e., 'There's no there there'. Critically, due to their intact membranes, the shells appear with membrane-impenetrant stains as 'viable' particles. Unfortunately, the microbiology field of 'viable but non-culturable cells' (VBNCs), though important for demonstrating the existence of dormant bacteria as a result of myriad stress states, has often mistaken these non-viable shells as viable particles that mysteriously may be reborn, when an appropriate incantation is made. We argue here, based on experimental data, that if resuscitation occurs, it is the persister (always-viable) cell population that revives, rather than the cell husks, which are dead.
Resolution of the array-CGH mapping method (2011)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Copyright information:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Taken from "Physical mapping of genes in somatic cell radiation hybrids by comparative genomic hybridization to cDNA microarrays"&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genome Biology 2002;3(6):research0026.1-research0026.7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Published online 14 May 2002&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PMCID:PMC116723.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Copyright © 2002 Lin et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd&lt;/p&gt; For the microarray comparison between the complemented HPRT-deficient CHO-human radiation hybrid cell DNA versus wild-type CHO DNA, fluorescence ratios are depicted for chromosomal region Xq24-Xqter. In this depiction, non-averaged fluorescence ratios are plotted; therefore, amplitudes reflect actual measured fluorescence ratios for each gene/EST (log scale). A sharp maximum of fluorescence ratios is observed in the region surrounding the locus on the human X chromosome, indicating the retention, and therefore the gain, of DNA copy number for genes in this region. The units for the distance along the X chromosome are units for radiation hybrid distances (cR3000) as defined in [5]. Close-up depiction of the fluorescence ratio peak observed around the locus on the human X chromosome. The peak region covers approximately 900,000 base pairs. Gene/EST array elements around the locus (indicated by the green arrow) are located according to their genomic positions, and fluorescence ratios are depicted on a log scale.
A rate-constrained fast full-search algorithm based on block sum pyramid (2005)

This paper presents a fast full-search algorithm (FSA) for rate-constrained motion estimation. The proposed algorithm, which is based on the block sum pyramid frame structure, successively eliminates unnecessary search positions according to rate-constrained criterion. This algorithm provides the identical estimation performance to a conventional FSA having rate constraint, while achieving considerable reduction in computation.