gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Liposome Scaled-Up Production and Quality Control (2018)

Liposome preparation, as well as production, consists of various steps. One should distinguish between &quot;liposome preparation&quot; which refers to a laboratory-scale for which many methods are available to meet very varied needs, and &quot;liposome production,&quot; namely, large-scale preparation of liposomes for industrial and pharmaceutical needs. The reason for the slow development of large-scale production is related to the time it took to resolve technological and quality control issues, including: availability of high-quality lipid raw materials; validated quality control assays; fool-proof methods for obtaining sterile liposomal products; and long-term chemical and physical stability. Liposome characterization and quality control was, and to some extent is, the Achilles' tendon of liposome production. Aqueous loading is controlled by physical and structural parameters, such as size, shape, and number of lamellae, which control the aqueous trapped volume. The exact composition and pH of the hydration medium, downsizing medium and storage medium should be well controlled and defined in order to optimize liposome loading.
Effect of Welding Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Friction Stir Welded 11Cr‐Ferritic/Martensitic Steel (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedures Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgement
Mixing induced by an homogeneous bubbly flow (2015)

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.
GASTON: Galactic Star Formation with NIKA2 – evidence for the mass growth of star-forming clumps (2021)

ABSTRACT Determining the mechanism by which high-mass stars are formed is essential for our understanding of the energy budget and chemical evolution of galaxies. By using the New IRAM KIDs Array 2 (NIKA2) camera on the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30-m telescope, we have conducted high-sensitivity and large-scale mapping of a fraction of the Galactic plane (GP) in order to search for signatures of the transition between the high- and low-mass star-forming modes. Here, we present the first results from the Galactic Star Formation with NIKA2 (GASTON) project, a Large Programme at the IRAM 30-m telescope that is mapping ≈2 deg2 of the inner GP, centred on ℓ = 23${_{.}^{\circ}}$9, b = 0${_{.}^{\circ}}$05, as well as targets in Taurus and Ophiuchus in 1.15- and 2.00-mm continuum wavebands. In this paper, we present the first of the GASTON GP data taken, and present initial science results. We conduct an extraction of structures from the 1.15-mm maps using a dendrogram analysis and, by comparison to the compact source catalogues from Herschel survey data, we identify a population of 321 previously undetected clumps. Approximately 80 per cent of these new clumps are 70-μm-quiet, and may be considered as starless candidates. We find that this new population of clumps are less massive and cooler, on average, than clumps that have already been identified. Further, by classifying the full sample of clumps based upon their infrared-bright fraction – an indicator of evolutionary stage – we find evidence for clump mass growth, supporting models of clump-fed high-mass star formation.
Elucidating End-Group Modifications of Carbazole-Based Nonfullerene Acceptors in Indoor Applications for Achieving a PCE of over 20% (2021)

In this work, two DTSiC-based nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), (2,2'-((2<i>Z</i>,2'<i>Z</i>)-((12-(heptadecan-9-yl)-4,4,7,7-tetraoctyl-7,12-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[3,2-<i>b</i>]thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[2,3-<i>h</i>]carbazole-2,9-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) (DTSiC-IC) and (2,2'-((5<i>Z</i>,5'<i>Z</i>)-((12-(heptadecan-9-yl)-4,4,7,7-tetraoctyl-7,12-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[3,2-<i>b</i>]thieno[2',3':4,5]silolo[2,3-<i>h</i>]carbazole-2,9-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]thiophene-5,4-diylidene))dimalononitrile) (DTSiC-TC), are designed with various end groups (IC and TC). To explore the effect of end-group modifications, photovoltaic performance under AM 1.5G and indoor conditions are comprehensively studied. Compared with DTSiC-IC, DTSiC-TC manifests red-shifted and stronger absorption, downshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and pronounced face-on packing characteristics. As we envisaged, the PM7:DTSiC-TC-based devices outperform the PM7:DTSiC-IC-based devices in both AM 1.5G and indoor (light-emitting diode (LED) 3000 K 1000 lux) conditions with overall higher <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub>, FF, and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, the PM7:DTSiC-TC-based devices achieve an outstanding PCE of 20.73% with a <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> of 0.87 V, a <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub> of 0.095 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and an FF of 70.86%.
Nucleic acids encoding HIV-1 GP140 immunogens comprising modified NHR1 regions that stabilize pre-fusion conformations (2023)

The present invention provides HIV-1 vaccine immunogens. Some of the immunogens contain a soluble gp140-derived protein that harbors a modified N-terminus of the HR1 region in gp41. Some of the immunogens contain an HIV-1 Env-derived trimer protein that is presented on a nanoparticle platform. The invention also provides methods of using the HIV-1 vaccine immunogens for eliciting an immune response or treating HIV infections.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active 5′‐Noraristeromycin: Enzyme‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of 9‐(4‐Hydroxycyclopent‐2‐enyl)purines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Liquid-Crystalline Polymer (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
A 70-mm-long periodically-poled Mg doped stoichiometric LiNbO/sub 3/ for low-threshold optical parametric generation (2005)

We report a 70-mm-long periodically-poled 1-mol% Mg-doped stoichiometric LiNbO/sub 3/ for optical parametric generation. Low bulk OPG threshold of 127 m W (19 /spl mu/J) and slope efficiency of 41% were obtained with microchip-laser pumping.
Phosphorescence versus Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Controlling Singlet–Triplet Splitting in Brightly Emitting and Sublimable Cu(I) Compounds (2014)

Photophysical properties of two highly emissive three-coordinate Cu(I) complexes, (IPr)Cu(py2-BMe2) (1) and (Bzl-3,5Me)Cu(py2-BMe2) (2), with two different N-heterocyclic (NHC) ligands were investigated in detail (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; Bzl-3,5Me = 1,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene; py2-BMe2 = di(2-pyridyl)dimethylborate). The compounds exhibit remarkably high emission quantum yields of more than 70% in the powder phase. Despite similar chemical structures of both complexes, only compound 1 exhibits thermally activated delayed blue fluorescence (TADF), whereas compound 2 shows a pure, yellow phosphorescence. This behavior is related to the torsion angles between the two ligands. Changing this angle has a huge impact on the energy splitting between the first excited singlet state S1 and triplet state T1 and therefore on the TADF properties. In addition, it was found that, in both compounds, spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is particularly effective compared to other Cu(I) complexes. This is reflected in short emission decay times of the triplet states of only 34 μs (1) and 21 μs (2), respectively, as well as in the zero-field splittings of the triplet states amounting to 4 cm(-1) (0.5 meV) for 1 and 5 cm(-1) (0.6 meV) for 2. Accordingly, at ambient temperature, compound 1 exhibits two radiative decay paths which are thermally equilibrated: one via the S1 state as TADF path (62%) and one via the T1 state as phosphorescence path (38%). Thus, if this material is applied in an organic light-emitting diode, the generated excitons are harvested mainly in the singlet state, but to a significant portion also in the triplet state. This novel mechanism based on two separate radiative decay paths reduces the overall emission decay time distinctly.
EVStore: Storage and Caching Capabilities for Scaling Embedding Tables in Deep Recommendation Systems (2023)

Modern recommendation systems, primarily driven by deep-learning models, depend on fast model inferences to be useful. To tackle the sparsity in the input space, particularly for categorical variables, such inferences are made by storing increasingly large embedding vector (EV) tables in memory. A core challenge is that the inference operation has an all-or-nothing property: each inference requires multiple EV table lookups, but if any memory access is slow, the whole inference request is slow. In our paper, we design, implement and evaluate EVStore, a 3-layer EV table lookup system that harnesses both structural regularity in inference operations and domain-specific approximations to provide optimized caching, yielding up to 23% and 27% reduction on the average and p90 latency while quadrupling throughput at 0.2% loss in accuracy. Finally, we show that at a minor cost of accuracy, EVStore can reduce the Deep Recommendation System (DRS) memory usage by up to 94%, yielding potentially enormous savings for these costly, pervasive systems.
Disruption and recovery of computing tasks (2007)

We report on a field study of the multitasking behavior of computer users focused on the suspension and resumption of tasks. Data was collected with a tool that logged users' interactions with software applications and their associated windows, as well as incoming instant messaging and email alerts. We describe methods, summarize results, and discuss design guidelines suggested by the findings.
Skewed Distribution of Circulating Activated Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) (2010)

Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is the commonest cause of primary antibody failure in adults and children, and characterized clinically by recurrent bacterial infections and autoimmune manifestations. Several innate immune defects have been described in CVID, but no study has yet investigated the frequency, phenotype or function of the key regulatory cell population, natural killer T (NKT) cells. We measured the frequencies and subsets of NKT cells in patients with CVID and compared these to healthy controls. Our results show a skewing of NKT cell subsets, with CD4+ NKT cells at higher frequencies, and CD8+ NKT cells at lower frequencies. However, these cells were highly activated and expression CD161. The NKT cells had a higher expression of CCR5 and concomitantly expression of CCR5+CD69+CXCR6 suggesting a compensation of the remaining population of NKT cells for rapid effector action.
Performance Analysis of Millennium Vitreous Enhancer ™ System (2011)

Flow rates for the MVE system are stable and predictable for all cutter gauges, which should aid the surgeon to select the optimal parameters for vitrectomy.
Improving combination cancer therapy: the CombiPlex ® development platform (2018)

Current combination therapy approaches assume that better outcomes are achieved by combining drugs at their maximally tolerated doses. However, administration of individual agents cannot consistently deliver synergistic drug ratios to tumor cells due to differences in pharmacokinetics of the individual drugs. Further, the toxicity of combination regimens often necessitates administration of suboptimal dosages. Delivery technologies, such as the CombiPlex<sup>®</sup> platform, can enable efficient and sustained delivery of combination treatments at a synergistic ratio. The CombiPlex platform determines synergistic drug ratios in vitro and identifies an appropriate nanoscale carrier to maintain that ratio in vivo and enhance its delivery to tumor cells. CPX-351, a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin, is the first clinical proof-of-concept example of the CombiPlex platform.
Search for an axion-like particle with forward proton scattering in association with photon pairs at ATLAS (2023)

A bstract A search for forward proton scattering in association with light-by-light scattering mediated by an axion-like particle is presented, using the ATLAS Forward Proton spectrometer to detect scattered protons and the central ATLAS detector to detect pairs of outgoing photons. Proton-proton collision data recorded in 2017 at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math> = 13 TeV were analysed, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 14.6 fb − 1 . A total of 441 candidate events were selected. A search was made for a narrow resonance in the diphoton mass distribution, corresponding to an axion-like particle (ALP) with mass in the range 150–1600 GeV. No excess is observed above a smooth background. Upper limits on the production cross section of a narrow resonance are set as a function of the mass, and are interpreted as upper limits on the ALP production coupling constant, assuming 100% decay branching ratio into a photon pair. The inferred upper limit on the coupling constant is in the range 0.04–0.09 TeV − 1 at 95% confidence level.
1-Nitro-7,8-diazapentalene (2003)

The structure of 1-nitro-7,8-di­aza­pentalene, C6H5N3O2, is reported. This is a planar molecule, in which the metrical parameters of the two five-membered rings are substantially altered by the effect of the 1-nitro substituent. Additionally, the parameters of the nitro group itself are also perturbed.
Fabrication of a Novel Microfluidic Device Incorporating 2-D Array of Microbeads (2006)

Abstract A novel microfluidic device incorporating a two-dimensional array of microbeads with 10 μm diameter was fabricated. Surface-modified microbeads to be used as detectors were arranged into microstructures prepared at the surface of a silica glass plate by laser-micromachining and sealed with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) plate to form microchannels. The capturing reaction of surface amino groups with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) supplied via microchannels was examined.
A 333MHz random cycle DRAM using the floating body cell (2006)

A Monte Carlo simulation shows that a DRAM using the floating body cell (FEC) realizes a 333MHz high-speed random cycle with an introduction of a symmetrical sense amplifier circuit and optimization of its current mirror ratio. Since the FEC DRAM having a superior affinity with logic LSI process is also shown to have its macro size smaller than the conventional 1T-1C DRAM, the FEC is a promising candidate for next generation embedded DRAM cells
Asymmetry Parameters and the Temperature Dependence of the PQR Frequencies of 127I in SnI4 (1969)

The pure quadrupole resonance spectrum of 127I in solid SnI4 has been measured from 4.2°–300°K at atmospheric pressure. The data have been fitted with a form of Bayer–Kushida theory which incorporates temperature effects due to field-gradient asymmetry. The adjustable parameters were determined for a given temperature range by a procedure designed to yield as nearly as possible both the best fits to the data and the same value for a given parameter for both the high- and low-frequency curves at a given lattice site. This procedure was largely successful and resulted in values for the asymmetry parameter, viz., 0.012 and zero for the two inequivalent iodine sites, which appear almost independent of the temperature range selected. The results for the average normal-mode lattice frequency may be taken to indicate that several of the low-frequency vibrational modes of the SnI4 molecule contribute importantly to the temperature dependence of the quadrupole resonance frequency in the solid.
Introduction to the special section on real-world face recognition (2011)

The motivations for organizing this special section were to better address the challenges of face recognition in real-world scenarios, to promote systematic research and evaluation of promising methods and systems, to provide a snapshot of where we are in this domain, and to stimulate discussion about future directions. We solicited original contributions of research on all aspects of real-world face recognition, including: the design of robust face similarity features and metrics; robust face clustering and sorting algorithms; novel user interaction models and face recognition algorithms for face tagging; novel applications of web face recognition; novel computational paradigms for face recognition; challenges in large scale face recognition tasks, e.g., on the Internet; face recognition with contextual information; face recognition benchmarks and evaluation methodology for moderately controlled or uncontrolled environments; and video face recognition. We received 42 original submissions, four of which were rejected without review; the other 38 papers entered the normal review process. Each paper was reviewed by three reviewers who are experts in their respective topics. More than 100 expert reviewers have been involved in the review process. The papers were equally distributed among the guest editors. A final decision for each paper was made by at least two guest editors assigned to it. To avoid conflict of interest, no guest editor submitted any papers to this special section.
Computational psychiatry: Advancing predictive modeling of neurodegeneration with neuroimaging of Huntington's disease (2017)

Computational psychiatry is a relatively new field that integrates computational models, biological knowledge, and clinical data to provide much needed predictive power to our understanding of brain disorders. The enterprise is far from straightforward, and difficulties include the definition of psychiatric illnesses, variability from subjective elements in measurement, lack of large systematic databases, and mastering subtle technical aspects behind different measurements. In this perspective article, we make the case for studying Huntington's disease as a model system of neurodegeneration that is largely exempt from many of these limitations. The combination of its well-defined genetic basis and the availability of large neuroimaging databases makes it an outstanding candidate for marrying computational and clinical approaches. We highlight particularly promising directions and sketch a roadmap for a research program, with a focus on producing clinical insights based on translating hypotheses concerning brain disorders into features to be used in predictive models.
[Evaluation of nephrotoxic site in rat proximal tubule: intrarenal distributions of three enzymes and effects of mercuric chloride and gentamicin on their excretion into urine (author's transl)]. (1980)

Intrarenal distributions of three enzymes, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (Al-p) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were determined using six segments of nephrons. These enzymes were localized only in the proximal tubule. Intra-proximal distributions of the enzymes, however, were not uniform. The order of each enzyme activity in three segments of the proximal tubule, S1, S2 and S3 was as follows: Formula: (See Text) With subcutaneous administration of HgCl2 (1.0 mg/kg/day), urinary excretions of all three enzymes were increased from the 1st to the 2nd day and then decreased to the control level. However, after intraperitoneal administration of gentamicin sulfate (40 mg/kg/day), only Al-p activity in urine was significantly increased on the 1st day. Because of the lack of increasing blood levels of these enzymes after treatment, increased urinary excretions of the enzymes probably originate from the kidney, particularly the proximal tubule. The prominently increased excretion of gamma-GTP and LAP after HgCl2 treatment means that HgCl2 might damage S2 and S3, because the excretory patterns of the three enzymes were similar to their distribution profiles in S2 and S3. On the other hand, the toxic action of GM may be localized in S1 portion, in which Al-p activity proved to be highest among the three enzymes.
Innentitelbild: A Touchscreen as a Biomolecule Detection Platform (Angew. Chem. 3/2012) (2011)

Die Touchscreen-Technologie kann zum Nachweis von Biomolekülen genutzt werden. H. G. Park und B. Y. Won stellen in der Zuschrift auf S. 772 ff. eine Detektionsplattform vor, bei der die DNA-Konzentration mithilfe eines kapazitiven Touchscreens gemessen wird, was einen Weg zu personalisierten tragbaren Biosensoren weisen könnte.
On the Distribution Modeling of Heavy-Tailed Disk Failure Lifetime in Big Data Centers (2020)

It has become commonplace to observe frequent multiple disk failures in big data centers in which thousands of drives operate simultaneously. Disks are typically protected by replication or erasure coding to guarantee a predetermined reliability. However, in order to optimize data protection, real life disk failure trends need to be modeled appropriately. The classical approach to modeling is to estimate the probability density function of failures using nonparametric estimation techniques such as kernel density estimation (KDE). However, these techniques are suboptimal in the absence of the true underlying density function. Moreover, insufficient data may lead to overfitting. In this article, we propose to use a set of transformations to the collected failure data for almost perfect regression in the transform domain. Then, by inverse transformation, we analytically estimated the failure density through the efficient computation of moment generating functions, and hence, the density functions. Moreover, we developed a visualization platform to extract useful statistical information such as model-based mean time to failure. Our results indicate that for other heavy-tailed data, the complex Gaussian hypergeometric distribution and classical KDE approach can perform best if the overfitting problem can be avoided and the complexity burden is overtaken. On the other hand, we show that the failure distribution exhibits less complex Argus-like distribution after performing the Box-Cox transformation up to appropriate scaling and shifting operations.
An Empirical Study of Precise Interprocedural Array Analysis (1994)

In this article we examine the role played by the interprocedural analysis of array accesses in the automatic parallelization of Fortran programs. We use the PTRAN system to provide measurements of several benchmarks to compare different methods of representing interprocedurally accessed arrays. We examine issues concerning the effectiveness of automatic parallelization using these methods and the efficiency of a precise summarization method.