gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Analysis of In-Plant Control for Water Minimization and Wastewater Reuse in a Wool Finishing Textile Mill (2004)

This study evaluates the feasibility of water minimization and wastewater reuse for a wool finishing textile mill. The evaluation process is based upon a detailed analysis on water use, process profile and wastewater characterization, indicating a potential for 34% reduction in water consumption and for 23% of wastewater recovery for reuse. Wastewater reuse requires treatment and results in a remaining wastewater stream with stronger character and consequently more costly to treat. The feasibility includes technical considerations for appropriate treatment alternatives and related cost factors for water consumption, treatment for reuse and for discharge either to sewer or to receiving media.
Promising Early Local Control of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Following Postoperative Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) to the Chest (2003)

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy after extrapleural pneumonectomy is tolerable and seems effective, at least at this early point. As local control improves, systemic metastases become more common, and it may be appropriate to add novel agents to further improve the therapeutic ratio.
Summarization- and learning-based approaches to information distillation (2010)

Information distillation is the task that aims to extract relevant passages of text from massive volumes of textual and audio sources, given a query. In this paper, we investigate two perspectives that use shallow language processing for answering open-ended distillation queries, such as “List me facts about [event]”. The first approach is a summarization-based approach that uses the unsupervised maximum marginal relevance (MMR) technique to successfully capture relevant but not redundant information. The second approach is based on supervised classification and trains support vector machines (SVMs) to discriminate relevant snippets from irrelevant snippets using a variety of features. Furthermore, we investigate the merit of using the ROUGE metric for its ability to evaluate redundancy alongside the conventionally used F-measure for evaluating distillation systems. Our experimental results with textual data indicate that SVM and MMR perform similarly in terms of ROUGE-2 scores while SVM is better than MMR in terms of F1 measure. Moreover, when speech recognizer output is used, SVM outperforms MMR in terms of both scores.
Competing Fronts for Coarse–to–Fine Surface Reconstruction (2006)

Abstract We present a deformable model to reconstruct a surface from a point cloud. The model is based on an explicit mesh representation composed of multiple competing evolving fronts. These fronts adapt to the local feature size of the target shape in a coarse–to–fine manner. Hence, they approach towards the finer (local) features of the target shape only after the reconstruction of the coarse (global) features has been completed. This conservative approach leads to a better control and interpretation of the reconstructed topology. The use of an explicit representation for the deformable model guarantees water‐tightness and simple tracking of topological events. Furthermore, the coarse–to–fine nature of reconstruction enables adaptive handling of non‐homogenous sample density, including robustness to missing data in defected areas . Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Digitizing and scanning. Keywords: surface reconstruction, deformable models
The Battle of the Sexes for Stroke Therapy: Female- Versus Male-Derived Stem Cells (2013)

Cell therapy is a major discipline of regenerative medicine that has been continually growing over the last two decades. The aging of the population necessitates discovery of therapeutic innovations to combat debilitating disorders, such as stroke. Menstrual blood and Sertoli cells are two gender-specific sources of viable transplantable cells for stroke therapy. The use of autologous cells for the subacute phase of stroke offers practical clinical application. Menstrual blood cells are readily available, display proliferative capacity, pluripotency and angiogenic features, and, following transplantation in stroke models, have the ability to migrate to the infarct site, regulate the inflammatory response, secrete neurotrophic factors, and have the possibility to differentiate into neural lineage. Similarly, the testis-derived Sertoli cells secrete many growth and trophic factors, are highly immunosuppressive, and exert neuroprotective effects in animal models of neurological disorders. We highlight the practicality of experimental and clinical application of menstrual blood cells and Sertoli cells to treat stroke, from cell isolation and cryopreservation to administration.
Phenol-formaldehyde resins with suitable bonding strength synthesized from “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions (2019)

Abstract The substitution of phenol by lignin in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the most promising end uses of lignin valorization. Lignin from grasses and softwood has been the focus of the studies in this field as they present a higher number of theoretical reactive sites for resin synthesis. Herein we examined the composition and chemical reactivity of “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions and their performance in PF resins, synthesized by substituting 50 wt% of the phenol with lignin. Before resin synthesis, the samples were hydroxymethylated and the maximum formaldehyde consumption was recorded. By doing so, we observed that hardwood fractions consumed formaldehyde close to the theoretical calculation, whereas the reference softwood lignin consumed only about ¼ of the theoretical value. In the resin synthesis, we added formaldehyde to the formulation according to the measured maximum formaldehyde consumption. Thus, low values of free formaldehyde in lignin-PF (LPF) resins were achieved (&lt;0.23%). Moreover, the resin bonding strength displayed similar performance irrespective of whether the LPF resins were made with softwood or hardwood lignin (range of 3.4–4.8 N mm −2 at 150°C and 45–480 s of press time). Furthermore, we concluded that hardwood kraft lignins present no disadvantage compared to softwood lignins in PF resin applications, which have significant practical implications.
Remeasuring the Double Helix (2008)

DNA is thought to behave as a stiff elastic rod with respect to the ubiquitous mechanical deformations inherent to its biology. To test this model at short DNA lengths, we measured the mean and variance of end-to-end length for a series of DNA double helices in solution, using small-angle x-ray scattering interference between gold nanocrystal labels. In the absence of applied tension, DNA is at least one order of magnitude softer than measured by single-molecule stretching experiments. Further, the data rule out the conventional elastic rod model. The variance in end-to-end length follows a quadratic dependence on the number of base pairs rather than the expected linear dependence, indicating that DNA stretching is cooperative over more than two turns of the DNA double helix. Our observations support the idea of long-range allosteric communication through DNA structure.
Five-Coordinate Trispyrazolylborate Dihydridosilyl Platinum(IV) Complexes (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFive-Coordinate Trispyrazolylborate Dihydridosilyl Platinum(IV) ComplexesStefan Reinartz, Peter S. White, Maurice Brookhart, and Joseph L. TempletonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 26, 6425–6426Publication Date (Web):June 2, 2001Publication History Received15 February 2001Published online2 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0104047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0104047rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Ligands,Platinum,Reaction mechanisms,Resonance structures Get e-Alerts
Intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Insights for Vaccine Development (2018)

Diarrheal diseases are one of the major causes of mortality among children under five years old and intestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (InPEC) plays a role as one of the large causative groups of these infections worldwide. InPECs contribute significantly to the burden of intestinal diseases, which are a critical issue in low- and middle-income countries (Asia, Africa and Latin America). Intestinal pathotypes such as enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic <i>E. coli</i> (ETEC) are mainly endemic in developing countries, while ETEC strains are the major cause of diarrhea in travelers to these countries. On the other hand, enterohemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i> (EHEC) are the cause of large outbreaks around the world, mainly affecting developed countries and responsible for not only diarrheal disease but also severe clinical complications like hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Overall, the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains, the annual cost increase in the health care system, the high incidence of traveler diarrhea and the increased number of HUS episodes have raised the need for effective preventive treatments. Although the use of antibiotics is still important in treating such infections, non-antibiotic strategies are either a crucial option to limit the increase in antibiotic resistant strains or absolutely necessary for diseases such as those caused by EHEC infections, for which antibiotic therapies are not recommended. Among non-antibiotic therapies, vaccine development is a strategy of choice but, to date, there is no effective licensed vaccine against InPEC infections. For several years, there has been a sustained effort to identify efficacious vaccine candidates able to reduce the burden of diarrheal disease. The aim of this review is to summarize recent milestones and insights in vaccine development against InPECs.
Study protocol for a multicentre implementation trial of monotherapy anticoagulation to expedite home treatment of patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism in the emergency department (2020)

All sites had Institutional Review Board approval. We anticipate completion of enrolment in June 2020; study data will be available after peer-reviewed publication. MATH-VTE will provide information from a large multicentre sample of US patients about the efficacy and safety of home treatment of VTE with monotherapy anticoagulation.
Stage-Specific Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of the Filarial Parasite Onchocerca volvulus and Its Wolbachia Endosymbiont (2016)

The global onchocerciasis (river blindness) elimination program will have to rely on the development of new tools (drugs, vaccines, biomarkers) to achieve its goals by 2025. As an adjunct to the completed genomic sequencing of O. volvulus, we used a comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic profiling strategy to gain a comprehensive understanding of both the vector-derived and human host-derived parasite stages. In so doing, we have identified proteins and pathways that enable novel drug targeting studies and the discovery of novel vaccine candidates, as well as useful biomarkers of active infection.
<title>Tailoring of transport dynamics by recombination center engineering of copper-compensated GaAs</title> (1993)

We report recent subnanosecond photoconductive measurements on a p-i-n device made from a copper-compensated silicon-doped semi-insulating GaAs (GaAs:Si:Cu) substrate. Photoconductivity in this relatively large volume device (0.05 X 0.5 X 1.0 cm<SUP>3</SUP>) is generated by extrinsic absorption of a 1-micrometers laser pulse, and optically quenched with a 2-micrometers laser pulse. It is shown experimentally that these large, high- power (multimegawatt) switches have the potential to switch subnanosecond pulses when a copper-compensated GaAs material with suitable fast electron-hole-pair recombination rate is engineered. Test and evaluation of BOSS devices with subnanosecond switching performance is reported. In one case, observation of an electron-hole pair recombination time constant of 0.25 ns is reported in GaAs:Si:Cu irradiated with a neutron dose of 1.8 X 10<SUP>15</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, a factor of seven faster than previously reported.
Intrafield effects and device manufacturability: a statistical simulation approach (2002)

For sub-250 nm technologies, one of the major systematic sources of variation is the intrafield variation induced by the stepper lens imperfections on critical layers. Using well-calibrated process, device, and statistical simulators, we predict the effects of lens aberrations on the manufacturing distributions of gate critical dimensions, drive currents, and ring oscillators. For a case involving four dies per reticle field, we predict significantly different distributions per reticle field.
Chemoselective Electrosynthesis Using Rapid Alternating Polarity (2021)

Challenges in the selective manipulation of functional groups (chemoselectivity) in organic synthesis have historically been overcome either by using reagents/catalysts that tunably interact with a substrate or through modification to shield undesired sites of reactivity (protecting groups). Although electrochemistry offers precise redox control to achieve unique chemoselectivity, this approach often becomes challenging in the presence of multiple redox-active functionalities. Historically, electrosynthesis has been performed almost solely by using direct current (DC). In contrast, applying alternating current (AC) has been known to change reaction outcomes considerably on an analytical scale but has rarely been strategically exploited for use in complex preparative organic synthesis. Here we show how a square waveform employed to deliver electric current-rapid alternating polarity (rAP)-enables control over reaction outcomes in the chemoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds, one of the most widely used reaction manifolds. The reactivity observed cannot be recapitulated using DC electrolysis or chemical reagents. The synthetic value brought by this new method for controlling chemoselectivity is vividly demonstrated in the context of classical reactivity problems such as chiral auxiliary removal and cutting-edge medicinal chemistry topics such as the synthesis of PROTACs.
Abnormal regional myocardial morphology in patients with left ventricular pressure overload and preserved ejection fraction detected by multiparametric MR tissue mapping (2016)

Figure 1 Mean SD of T 2 -
Highly Efficient Solar-Blind Single Photon Detectors (2018)

Photodetectors sensitive to the ultra-violet spectrum were demonstrated using an AlGaN high electron mobility transistor with an GaN nanodot optical floating gate. Peak responsivity of 2 x 109 A/W was achieved with a gain-bandwidth product > 1 GHz at a cut-on energy of 4.10 eV. Similar devices exhibited visible-blind rejection ratios > 106. The photodetection mechanism for $β$-Ga2O3 was also investigated. It was concluded that Schottky barrier lowering by self-trapped holes enables photodetector gain.
Antigenic Potential of a Highly Conserved Lipopolysaccharide Inner Core Structure Defined by Synthetic Approach (2014)

Author: Reinhardt, Anika et al.; Genre: Meeting Abstract; Published in Print: 2014; Title: Antigenic potential of a highly conserved lipopolysaccharide inner core<br/>structure defined by synthetic approach
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallization of Zeolite A: A Spectroscopic Study. (1986)

Abstract Asystematic Raman spectroscopic investigation of the transformation of aluminosilicate gel to zeolite A, sup‐ ‐ ported by XRD and NMR measurements shows that the gel, even though amorphous, has a structure consisting predominantly of four‐membered rings.
Acridine-based Anticancer Drugs (1994)

We have previously (Denny et al., 1983) outlined the considerable importance of acridines in clinical medicine, dating from the early years of the twentieth century, primarily as antibacterial and antimalarial agents. We also noted the changing of this emphasis, with the more recent development of acridine-based compounds as anticancer drugs, e.g. amsacrine (m-AMSA, NSC 249992) (1) and nitracrine (2). This trend has continued since 1983, as can be seen in this chapter. The primary mechanism of action of amsacrine, inhibition of the religation reaction of DNA topoisomerase II, has been elucidated and shown to be common to many DNA-intercalating agents, as described elsewhere in this volume. In addition to its clinical antitumour properties, amsacrine has considerable importance as a biochemical reagent for studying topoisomerase II. Further work on the acridines has uncovered a number of derivatives with varied and promising activities. An analogue of amsacrine (CI-921; NSC 343499) (3) has reached clinical trial, while another acridine derivative (acridinecarboxamide; DACA, NSC 601136) (4) is about to begin trials. The nitroacridines (e.g. nitracrine) have been shown to have an important new type of biological activity (hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity).
Sulforaphane mitigates cadmium-induced toxicity pattern in human (2017)

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and widely distributed heavy metal that induces various diseases in humans
through environmental exposure. Therefore, alleviation of Cd-induced toxicity in living organisms is necessary.
In this study, we investigated the protective role of sulforaphane on Cd-induced toxicity in human peripheral
blood lymphocytes and monocytes. Sulforaphane did not show any major reduction in the viability of lymphocytes
and monocytes. However, Cd treatment at a concentration of 50 ?M induced around 69% cell death.
Treatment of IC10-Cd and 100 ?M sulforaphane combination for 24 and 48 h increased viability by 2 and 9% in
cells subjected to Cd toxicity, respectively. In addition, IC25 of Cd and 100 ?M sulforaphane combination recovered
17–20% of cell viability. Cd induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Sulforaphane treatment reduced
Cd-induced cell death in lymphocytes and monocytes. Our results clearly indicate that when the cells were
treated with Cd+sulforaphane combination, sulforaphane decreased the Cd-induced cytotoxic effect in lymphocytes
and monocytes. In addition, sulforaphane concentration plays a major role in the alleviation of Cdinduced
toxicity.
The role of lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules in T cell‐dependent cytotoxicity mediated by CD3 and CD28 bispecific monoclonal antibodies (1995)

The cure of human Hodgkin's tumors heterotransplanted into SCID mice can be achieved by two bispecific monoclonal antibodies (Bi-mAb) directed against the tumor-associated CD30 antigen and CD3 and CD28, respectively, and normal peripheral human blood T cells. We investigated the role of lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules in this Bi-mAb-mediated cytolysis. CD4+ lymphocytes were the most rapidly expanding subpopulation, but Bi-mAb-directed cytotoxicity was mediated preferentially by CD8+ lymphocytes and effector cells belonging to the CD45RO+ "memory" pool. Blocking of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 or CD2/LFA-3 adhesion pathways by mAb decreased Bi-mAb-mediated cytotoxicity. This was not due to inhibition of aggregate formation between Bi-mAb-coated T lymphocytes and target cells. Cross-linking of LFA-1 or CD2 molecules on lymphocytes prestimulated with Bi-mAb bound to CD3 and CD28 antigen lead to a more pronounced and prolonged rise in the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+. Additional CD2 cross-linking resulted in the tyrosine phosphorylation of distinct proteins. These findings indicate that adhesion molecules play a critical role and function as co-stimulatory signals rather than as cellular contact mediators in CD3 and CD28 Bi-mAb-stimulated T lymphocytes.
Bronchial brushings for investigating airway inflammation and remodelling (2011)

Asthma is the commonest medical cause for hospital admission for children in Australia, affects more than 300 million people worldwide, and is incurable, severe in large number and refractory to treatment in many. However, there have been no new significant treatments despite intense research and billions of dollars. The advancement in our understanding in this disease has been limited due to its heterogeneity, genetic complexity and has severely been hampered particularly in children by the difficulty in obtaining relevant target organ tissue. This review attempts to provide an overview of the currently used and recently developed/adapted techniques used to obtain lung tissue with specific reference to the airway epithelium.
A Multi-purpose Micro Fluid Power Component using Ultrasonic Vibration (2010)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a multi-purpose component for micro total analysis system (μTAS). The component achieves two functions for μTAS application. One is a micropump which transports the liquid and the other is a micromixer which stirs the liquid. With this component, it is possible to downsize a total system because there is no need to integrate pump and mixer separately. This paper proposes the pumping/mixing functions be achieved using ultrasonic vibrations. When operating as a pump, it uses a traveling vibration on ultrasonic vibrator, and when as a mixer, it uses a standing vibration. The ultrasonic vibrator is composed of a PZT disk (φ20mm×0.5mm), a brass disk (φ20mm×2mm) and a phosphor bronze disk (φ30mm×0.1mm). The liquid chamber is φ28mm×1mm. The mixing experiment confirms the effectiveness of the proposed mixing principle.
A 127 kDa component of a UV-damaged DNA-binding complex, which is defective in some xeroderma pigmentosum group E patients, is homologous to a slime mold protein (1993)

A cDNA which encodes a approximately 127 kDa UV-damaged DNA-binding (UV-DDB) protein with high affinity for (6-4)pyrimidine dimers [Abramic', M., Levine, A.S. & Protic', M., J. Biol. Chem. 266: 22493-22500, 1991] has been isolated from a monkey cell cDNA library. The presence of this protein in complexes bound to UV-damaged DNA was confirmed by immunoblotting. The human cognate of the UV-DDB gene was localized to chromosome 11. UV-DDB mRNA was expressed in all human tissues examined, including cells from two patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (group E) that are deficient in UV-DDB activity, which suggests that the binding defect in these cells may reside in a dysfunctional UV-DDB protein. Database searches have revealed significant homology of the UV-DDB protein sequence with partial sequences of yet uncharacterized proteins from Dictyostelium discoideum (44% identity over 529 amino acids) and Oryza sativa (54% identity over 74 residues). According to our results, the UV-DDB polypeptide belongs to a highly conserved, structurally novel family of proteins that may be involved in the early steps of the UV response, e.g., DNA damage recognition.