gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conduction through molecule-gold cluster complexes and application (2004)

In this paper, we demonstrate a new way to build a two terminal device with organic molecules and gold cluster complexes and describe its potential application as a gas sensor. This new structure provides the possibility to controllably build single molecular size gaps and hetero-contacts to molecules. Molecules and gold cluster complexes, which can be sensitive to a specific gas environment, are assembled by using porphyrin and pyridine bonding. Gold clusters are transferred to devices by Langmuir-Schaffer method and stamping with an elastomer substrate.
Induction of Smectic Layering in Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Immiscible Components. 5. Laterally Attached Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Poly(norbornene)s and Their Low Molar Mass Model Compounds with Short Fluorocarbon Segments (2002)

5-[[[2‘,5‘-Bis[(4‘ ‘-n-((perfluoroalkyl)alkoxy)benzoyl)oxy]benzyl]oxy]carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes with short fluorocarbon segments were polymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization in THF at room temperature using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-iPr2Ph)(OtBu)2 as the initiator. Although hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon segments as short as three methylenic units each induce smectic layering in the corresponding 2,5-bis{[4‘-(n-(perfluoroalkyl)alkoxy)benzoyl]oxy}toluene model compounds, the polymers require at least eight and three, or five and four methylenic units in the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon segments, respectively, to organize into smectic layers; polymers with shorter hydrocarbon and/or fluorocarbon segments are nematic.
Combinatorial Prevention of HIV Transmission in women: The Case for a Vaginal Microbicide (2011)

Women are now becoming pivotal in the epidemiological spread of HIV infection throughout the world, especially in developing countries, where heterosexual transmission accounts for more than 80% of all new HIV infections. Recently, significant but partial successes have occurred in the field of HIV prevention, including male circumcision, preventive HIV vaccines, vaginal microbicides and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis, and there is increasingly widespread access to antiretroviral treatment. However, none of the currently available tools for HIV intervention are sufficiently effective, particularly for women, and all require further development. Among all biomedical approaches, microbicides could hold the greatest hope of curtailing AIDS worldwide, especially if used by women in Africa. Research for an efficacious microbicide constitutes a priority in the global agenda to prevent HIV infection. Finally, the combination of existing partially effective strategies for HIV prevention should be promoted, scaled-up and evaluated.
Interference management for LTE‐Advanced Het‐Nets: stochastic scheduling approach in frequency domain (2012)

ABSTRACT Heterogeneous networks represent a practical way to face high traffic demands in densely populated areas. Nevertheless, to achieve these advertised data rates, advanced interference management techniques are required. Trying to tackle this problem, this paper presents a stochastic scheduling approach for two‐layer LTE‐Advanced networks. The proposed stochastic frequency‐domain scheduling (SFDS) algorithm seeks the avoidance of cross‐layer and colayer interference, and is based on allocating different portions of the transmission bandwidth probabilistically. The SFDS algorithm is first presented as an interference management solution for an orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access system (i.e. LTE‐Advanced downlink). Later on, the SFDS algorithm is extended to be compatible with single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access transmissions, and its performance is evaluated when combined with open‐loop power control techniques (i.e. LTE‐Advanced uplink). Extensive system level simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of SFDS algorithm in a predefined LTE‐Advanced scenario that combines both macrolayer and femtolayer. Results show that the proposed algorithm allows to balance the cross‐layer and colayer interferences, extending the performance trade‐offs that well‐known full‐range spectrum allocation and orthogonal spectrum allocation approaches provide. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Extracting decisions from multi-party dialogue using directed graphical models and semantic similarity (2009)

We use directed graphical models (DGMs) to automatically detect decision discussions in multi-party dialogue. Our approach distinguishes between different dialogue act (DA) types based on their role in the formulation of a decision. DGMs enable us to model dependencies, including sequential ones. We summarize decisions by extracting suitable phrases from DAs that concern the issue under discussion and its resolution. Here we use a semantic-similarity metric to improve results on both manual and ASR transcripts.
Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease. Progress and Future Horizons (2015)

Children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) is a term that encompasses a large and diverse group of rare pediatric diseases and disorders. Significant progress has been made over the last 2 decades in classification, clinical care, research, and organizational structure to enhance the care of children with these high-morbidity and -mortality diseases. New diseases have been defined clinically and genetically, classification systems developed and applied, organizations formed such as the chILD Research Network (chILDRN) and chILD Foundation, and basic and translational science expanded to focus on chILD diseases. Multidisciplinary collaborations and efforts to advance understanding and treatment of chILD have been extended worldwide. The future horizon holds great promise to expand scientific discoveries, collaborate more broadly, and bring new treatment to these children. An overview of key historical past developments, major clinical and research updates, and opportunities for the future in chILD is reviewed in this Perspective.
MORPH: An Adaptive Framework for Efficient and Byzantine Fault-Tolerant SDN Control Plane (2018)

Current approaches to tackle the single point of failure in SDN entail a distributed operation of SDN controller instances. Their state synchronization process is reliant on the assumption of a correct decision-making in the controllers. Successful introduction of SDN in the critical infrastructure networks also requires catering to the issue of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">unavailable</i> , <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">unreliable</i> (e.g. buggy), and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">malicious</i> controller failures. We propose MORPH, a framework tolerant to unavailability and Byzantine failures, which distinguishes and localizes faulty controller instances and appropriately reconfigures the control plane. Our controller-switch connection assignment leverages the awareness of the source of failure to optimize the number of active controllers and minimize the controller and switch reconfiguration delays. The proposed re-assignment executes dynamically after each successful failure identification. We require <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2F_{M}+F_{A}+1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> controllers to tolerate <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> malicious and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> availability-induced failures. After a successful detection of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> malicious controllers, MORPH reconfigures the control plane to require a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">single</i> controller message to forward the system state. Moreover, we outline and present a solution to the practical correctness issues related to the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">statefulness</i> of the distributed SDN controller applications, previously ignored in the literature. We base our performance analysis on a resource-aware routing application, deployed in an emulated testbed comprising up to 16 controllers and up to 34 switches, so to tolerate up to 5 unique Byzantine and additional 5 availability-induced controller failures (a total of 10 unique controller failures). We quantify and highlight the dynamic decrease in the packet and CPU load and the response time after each successful failure detection.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Packed Bed of Hollow Zirconia Microspheres, under Vacuum and under 100 kPa of Argon (1991)

Measurements have been made of the effective thermal conductivity of a packed bed of hollow, yttria‐stabilized zirconia microspheres, under vacuum and under 100 kPa of argon gas. Above 1400 K the spheres begin to sinter together. Before this occurs, the conductivity is given under vacuum by A 1 T 3 + A 2 with A 1 = 2 × 10 −11 W · m −1 · K −4 and A 2 = 0.01 W · m −1 · K −1 . The thermal conductivity increases strongly with both the gas pressure and the degree of sintering of the spheres. The measured values can be fitted reasonably well by a model developed by Takegoshi et al. These results may have some applicability to the development of high‐temperature thermal insulation.
Abstract 10570: Inflammation During Early Post-Acute Covid-19 is Associated With Reduced Exercise Capacity and Long Covid Symptoms After 1 Year (2022)

Introduction: Mechanisms underlying cardiopulmonary symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 “PASC” or “Long COVID”) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathophysiology of PASC using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and ambulatory rhythm monitoring. Methods: We performed CMR, CPET, and ambulatory rhythm monitoring among adults &gt; 1 year after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UCSF Long-Term Impact of Infection with Novel Coronavirus cohort (LIINC; NCT04362150) and correlated findings with previously measured biomarkers. We used logistic regression to estimate associations with PASC symptoms and linear regression to estimate differences by symptoms adjusted for confounders. Results: Out of 120 participants, 46 participants (unselected for symptom status) had cardiac testing performed at median 17 months after infection. Median age was 52, 18 (39%) were female, and 6 (13%) were hospitalized for severe acute infection. On CPET (n=39), 13/23 (57%) with symptoms had reduced exercise capacity (peak VO2&lt;85% predicted) compared to 2/16 (13%) without symptoms (p=0.008). Adjusted peak VO 2 was 5.9 ml/kg/min lower (-9.6 to -2.3; p=0.002) or -21% predicted (-35 to -7; p=0.006) among those with symptoms. Chronotropic incompetence was present among 9/15 (60%) with reduced peak VO2 (adjusted heart rate reserve&lt;80%: OR 15.6 for reduced peak VO2, 95%CI 1.30-187; p=0.03). Inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α) and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels measured early in PASC (median 3.5-6 months after infection) were negatively correlated with peak VO2 more than 1 year later (Figure). Conclusions: Cardiopulmonary symptoms and elevated inflammatory markers present early in PASC are associated with reduced exercise capacity during CPET &gt;1 year following COVID-19. Chronotropic incompetence may explain reduced exercise capacity among some individuals with PASC.
Poincaré sections of charge-density-wave dynamics: Mode locking (1991)

This Letter reports the first measurements of Poincar\'e sections of charge-density-wave (CDW) dynamics. High-quality crystals of ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ were excited by combined dc and ac currents. Mode-locked and -unlocked behavior are identified by Poincar\'e sections consisting of points and closed curves, respectively. We analyze our results in terms of a dynamical phase transition. We argue that multiply degenerate attractors exist in subharmonic mode-locked phases. Dynamics of such phases are dominated by domain walls separating sections of the CDW with different attractors.
Inflammatory stimuli induce inhibitory S-nitrosylation of the deacetylase SIRT1 to increase acetylation and activation of p53 and p65 (2014)

Inflammation increases the abundance of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO), which can modify proteins by S-nitrosylation. Enhanced NO production increases the activities of the transcription factors p53 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in several models of disease-associated inflammation. S-nitrosylation inhibits the activity of the protein deacetylase SIRT1. SIRT1 limits apoptosis and inflammation by deacetylating p53 and p65 (also known as RelA), a subunit of NF-κB. We showed in multiple cultured mammalian cell lines that NO donors or inflammatory stimuli induced S-nitrosylation of SIRT1 within CXXC motifs, which inhibited SIRT1 by disrupting its ability to bind zinc. Inhibition of SIRT1 reduced deacetylation and promoted activation of p53 and p65, leading to apoptosis and increased expression of proinflammatory genes. In rodent models of systemic inflammation, Parkinson's disease, or aging-related muscular atrophy, S-nitrosylation of SIRT1 correlated with increased acetylation of p53 and p65 and activation of p53 and NF-κB target genes, suggesting that S-nitrosylation of SIRT1 may represent a proinflammatory switch common to many diseases and aging.
Metaheuristics for metamodeling of LTI systems (2004)

An efficient frequency-domain meta-modeling algorithm is presented, that models the entire state-space matrix of complex multi-port Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) structures, using rational functions. The algorithm adaptively determines an appropriate model complexity and it also selects an optimal sample distribution, based upon the heuristics of a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The fitting technique that is used in the modeling process, is numerically very stable, and suited for broadband modeling. 1.
Imposed Sinusoidal Source and Load Currents for an Indirect Matrix Converter (2011)

A new strategy for indirect matrix converters which allows an optimal control of source and load currents is presented in this paper. This method uses the commutation state of the converter in the subsequent sampling time according to an optimization algorithm given by a simple cost functional and the discrete system model. The control goals are regulation of output current according to an arbitrary reference and also a good tracking of the source current to its reference which is imposed to have a sinusoidal waveform with low distortion. Experimental results support the theoretical development.
Treatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the opioid δ receptor selectively inhibits δ2-agonist antinociception (1994)

Using approaches emphasizing differential antagonism of receptor selective agonists and cross-tolerance paradigms, evidence in vivo has suggested the existence of subtypes of opioid delta receptors, which have been termed delta 1 and delta 2. Recent work has elucidated the structure of an opioid delta receptor. The present investigation attempted to continue to test the hypothesis of subtypes of delta receptors and to correlate the cloned delta receptor with the existing pharmacological classification. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) complementary to the 5' end of the cloned delta receptor coding region (antisense) or its corresponding sequence (sense) were given by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration to mice, twice-daily for 3 days and antinociceptive responses to selective agonists at putative delta 1 and delta 2 receptors were subsequently determined. Treatment with antisense, but not sense, oligo significantly inhibited the response to [D-Ala2,Glu4]deltorphin (delta 2 agonist), but not to [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, delta 1 agonist). Further, subsequent administration of DPDPE elicited a full antinociceptive response in the same antisense oligo treated mice which did not show a significant response to [D-Ala2,Glu4]deltorphin while antisense oligo treated mice which responded to DPDPE did not show antinociception when tested subsequently with [D-Ala2,Glu4]deltorphin. The data suggest that the cloned delta receptor corresponds to that pharmacologically classified as delta 2 and continue to support the concept of subtypes of opioid delta receptors.
High speed video de-interlacing with a programmable TriMedia VLIW core (1997)

These findings suggest that S1P may primarily affect bone resorption, resulting in bone loss.
Motion Generation in MR Environment Using Electrostatic Film Motor for Motion-Triggered Cine-MRI (2008)

This paper proposes a new methodology of biomechanical modeling for visualizing tissue deformation, combining an electrostatic film motor and tagged cine-MR imaging. The electrostatic film motor has a simple structure, is easily controlled by open loop, and its MR-compatibility has recently been verified. Tagged cine-MRI is an established process for measuring deformation of active objects. The newly proposed methodology enables the application of cine-MR imaging to passive objects. The electrostatic motor is used to create deformation on passive soft samples inside an MR scanner, the internal deformation of which is visualized by tagged cine-MR imaging. The force applied on the samples is measured by a force sensor fabricated on shielded strain gauges. The impact of the developed system on the MR imaging is verified through SNR evaluation. Then, the proposed methodology is applied to visualizing deformations of a gel sample and a human upper arm to verify the applicability of this methodology in biomechanical measurements.
478. An Essential and Ubiquitous Protein Receptor for AAV; Glycans as Attachment Receptors (2016)

Motivated by unsuccessful attempts to observe physical binding between AAV-2 and heterologously expressed domains of previously reported co-receptors, we set out to identify novel protein receptor(s) for AAV2 through an unbiased genome-wide knockout screen in human cells. Using an mCherry AAV vector, resistant cells were iteratively selected by FACS for gene trap screening in a library of mutagenized haploid cells. Upon deep sequencing, refractory cells had significantly high frequencies of mutation in genes encoding glycan synthesis and retrograde transport, but most significantly in a hitherto poorly characterized transmembrane protein, now termed AAVR. Genetic confirmation of AAVR's role in the entry of multiple AAV serotypes has come through CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts in multiple cell lines then restoration of susceptibility through complementation; infection of poorly permissive cells following AAVR transduction; and creation of a mouse knockout with greatly diminished susceptibility. Various AAVR ectodomain constructs have been heterologously expressed and purified as fusion proteins, and these have been shown to inhibit in vitro viral transduction at concentrations consistent with effective nM binding constants (between AAV & AAVR) measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Pre-incubation with antibodies to AAVR also inhibits infection or transduction. AAVR is transiently expressed on the plasma membrane. Expression of chimeric constructs suggests that AAV takes advantage of its trafficking to the perinuclear trans Golgi network as the dominant, but non-exclusive, entry pathway. Identification of AAVR and its apparently ubiquitous use has interesting implications for AAV's cell specificity. Progress towards structure of complexes will be reported. AAVR exhibits the classic characteristics of a viral receptor, casting the roles ascribed to glycan “primary” receptors in new light. Electron microscopy has been used to visualize AAV-DJ in complex with various heparin analogs at increasingly high resolution. A structure at 2.8 Å resolution, as a pentasaccharide complex, shows some disorder in the glycan, but the side chains of viral amino acids are clearly resolved and in different conformations from those seen in a sucrose octasulfate complex. With little change to the backbone, the binding site accommodates diverse glycan sequences through adjustments to side chains, consistent with SPR binding assays of AAV-2 to a library of heparanoids. This, together with comparisons of heparan and AAVR cell knock-outs, indicates a more accessory role for glycans than is implied by the term “primary”. As for several other viruses, in AAV-2 at least, the glycan is an attachment receptor that likely elevates the AAV concentration proximal to the membrane, improving the efficiency with which the virus then binds to AAVR.
Fiber-Optically Controlled Pulsed Power Switches (2008)

The development and testing of fiber-optically controlled trigger generators (TGs) based on high gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs), constructed from high resistivity GaAs, are described in this paper. The TGs are optimized to trigger the high voltage switches (HVSs) in pulsed power systems, where they control the timing synchronization and amplitude variation of multiple pulse forming lines that combine to produce the total system output. Future pulsed power systems are even more dependent on triggering, as they consist of many more HVS and, in some cases, produce shaped pulses by independent timing of the HVS. The goal of the PCSS TG is to improve timing precision and replace high voltage trigger cables or line-of-sight optics with fiber-optic trigger control. The PCSS trigger has independent EMP-free timing control via 200-mum-diameter optical fibers. This design is simpler than other TG because optical isolation allows PCSS triggers to be remotely located near the HVS at any voltage. PCSS can improve the performance of prime power HVS, diverters, and diagnostics by supplying trigger pulses with subnanosecond jitter and rise time that are more precise and easily adjusted than the conventional TG. For pulse-charged HVS, the PCSS TG can generally derive their trigger energy from the stray fields of the HVS. High gain PCSS capabilities for producing pulsed power TG have been demonstrated previously (not all simultaneously): 220 kV, 8 kA, 350-ps rise time, 100-ns pulsewidth, 50-ps rms jitter, and 10-kHz repetition rate. Furthermore, PCSS has previously triggered a 300-kV trigatron with 100-ps rms jitter.
Where's waldo? human figure segmentation using saliency maps (2010)

Human figure segmentation (HFS) is at the very core of many image and video processing tasks. Many solutions have been proposed for the separation of objects, or more specifically human figures, from image background in a video scene. Unfortunately, these solutions do not provide tight human segmentation in the most general conditions, so only a coarse segmentation of human figures can be assumed. In this paper it is assumed that a rectangular, not necessarily tight, segmentation of a human figure is available and a way to refine this segmentation is proposed. We use saliency detection for HFS in a single image, thus creating a mask that eliminates most of the background in the rectangular input while maintaining the human figure mostly intact. The proposed technique is a generalization over recently proposed saliency detection methods in order to better accommodate the special conditions of this specific problem. Tests show that saliency detection is beneficial for HFS. In addition, the proposed saliency detection is shown to improve HFS results and presents a viable solution for HFS in a single image or a video stream.