gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Temperature Sensitivity of Influenza C Virus Hemagglutinin-Esterase-Fusion Protein (2012)

Influenza C virus replicates more efficiently at 33°C than at 37°C. To determine whether hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion protein (HEF), a surface glycoprotein of influenza C virus, is a restricting factor for this temperature sensitivity, we analyzed the biological and biochemical properties of HEF at 33°C and 37°C. We found that HEF exhibits intrinsic temperature sensitivities for surface expression and fusion activity.
The Curation Chokepoint (2021)

Abstract A key rationale for Apple and Google’s app stores was that they curate apps to ensure that they do not contain malware. Curation has gone beyond this goal and now unduly constrains the apps that you can use on your smartphone. It needs to stop. App quality should be ensured with other techniques and by a wider range of organizations than just Apple and Google .
Supplementary Figure 7 from Reversal of NK-Cell Exhaustion in Advanced Melanoma by Tim-3 Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 234K, Fig. S7. Tim-3 blockade improves NK cell function.&lt;/p&gt;
Morphological and Compositional Evolution of Pt−Si Intermetallic Thin Films Prepared by the Activated Adsorption of SiH4on Pt(111) (1999)

We have investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) the growth and structural evolution of Pt−Si intermetallic phases formed via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) mediated process. The Pt silicide thin films were prepared though the exposure of a Pt(111) crystal to silane (SiH4) followed by various annealing treatments. The deposition of Si via the decomposition of silane at room temperature preferentially forms clusters at step edges that avoid the centers of Pt terraces. The sizes and coverages of the clusters increases with silane exposure. The clusters are of intermetallic character (composed of both Si and Pt) and coarsen to give cluster heights much larger than a Pt(111) step height. These observations implicitly establish that Si interdiffusion in the near-surface region is weakly activated. Studies performed as a function of the silane exposure and annealing temperature reveal a complicated phase behavior that incorporates seven separate atomically ordered phases in addition to large-scale surface features such as three-dimensional islands. The ordered overlayers we have characterized include a complex, multilayer (√7 × √7)R19.1° phase, at least one and perhaps two separate overlayers with (√19 × √19)R23.4° symmetry, and a centered, rectangular overlayer. The structure of the adlayers observed by STM generally confirm but expand upon earlier structural studies based primarily on low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), which explored a more restricted sampling of the Pt(111)−Si compositional phase space. In this paper, we also describe several dynamical phenomena that have heretofore not been appreciated as making important contributions to silicide growth processes. They include progressive degradation and incomplete phase formation behaviors, the coexistence of ordered phases, and the metastable growth of multiple hexagonal (i.e., nonbulk) structures. Large-scale growth behavior involving step edge evolution and bunching as well as island structural evolution and coarsening have also been characterized. Notable is that fact that qualitative features of the island structure (e.g., size, angularity, and arrangement) appear to depend only weakly on the method of formation but rather strongly on the elemental composition. Growth and degradation mechanisms have been constructed, and the phenomena observed are contrasted with standard kinetic models based on sequential phase growth.
Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Correction for Acoustic Exposure Measurements From Arrays—Part I: Theory and Impact on Diagnostic Safety Indexes (2020)

This article reports underestimation of mechanical index (MI) and nonscanned thermal index for bone near focus (TIB) due to hydrophone spatial averaging effects that occur during acoustic output measurements for clinical linear and phased arrays. TIB is the appropriate version of thermal index (TI) for fetal imaging after ten weeks from the last menstrual period according to the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). Spatial averaging is particularly troublesome for highly focused beams and nonlinear, nonscanned modes such as acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and pulsed Doppler. MI and variants of TI (e.g., TIB), which are displayed in real-time during imaging, are often not corrected for hydrophone spatial averaging because a standardized method for doing so does not exist for linear and phased arrays. A novel analytic inverse-filter method to correct for spatial averaging for pressure waves from linear and phased arrays is derived in this article (Part I) and experimentally validated in a companion article (Part II). A simulation was developed to estimate potential spatial-averaging errors for typical clinical ultrasound imaging systems based on the theoretical inverse filter and specifications for 124 scanner/transducer combinations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) database from 2015 to 2019. Specifications included center frequency, aperture size, acoustic output parameters, hydrophone geometrical sensitive element diameter, etc. Correction for hydrophone spatial averaging using the inverse filter suggests that maximally achievable values for MI, TIB, thermal dose ( t <sub>43</sub> ), and spatial-peak-temporal-average intensity ( [Formula: see text]) for typical clinical systems are potentially higher than uncorrected values by (means ± standard deviations) 9% ± 4% (ARFI MI), 19% ± 15% (ARFI TIB), 50% ± 41% (ARFI t <sub>43</sub> ), 43% ± 39% (ARFI [Formula: see text]), 7% ± 5% (pulsed Doppler MI), 15% ± 11% (pulsed Doppler TIB), 42% ± 31% (pulsed Doppler t <sub>43</sub> ), and 33% ± 27% (pulsed Doppler [Formula: see text]). These values correspond to frequencies of 3.2 ± 1.3 (ARFI) and 4.1 ± 1.4 MHz (pulsed Doppler), and the model predicts that they would increase with frequency. Inverse filtering for hydrophone spatial averaging significantly improves the accuracy of estimates of MI, TIB, t <sub>43</sub> , and [Formula: see text] for ARFI and pulsed Doppler signals.
X-Ray Contrast Media (2018)

This open access book provides the reader with an overview for the optimal use of x-ray contrast media. Also the risks are mentioned.
Navigational range lights: effect of stimulus configuration on alignment accuracy (1995)

The use of range lights in nautical navigation involves the visual determination of the vertical alignment of two points of light, in order to indicate the centre of the channel. In two experiments it is shown that this vernier alignment task is more accurate if illuminated linear stimuli are used as range lights. Experiment 1 involved a laboratory simulation and experiment 2 involved a field test with full sized range lights. The average reduction of error through the use of linear stimuli over the standard point stimuli, for navigational alignments at a distance of one-half nautical mile from the range lights, was 69-4%. This suggests that a marked safety advantage might accrue from the use of linear range lights for nautical navigation purposes.
Spatial coherence in human tissue: implications for imaging and measurement (2014)

The spatial coherence properties of the signal backscattered by human tissue and measured by an ultrasound transducer array are investigated. Fourier acoustics are used to describe the propagation of ultrasound through a model of tissue that includes reverberation and random scatterering in the imaging plane. The theoretical development describes how the near-field tissue layer, transducer aperture properties, and reflectivity function at the focus reduce the spatial coherence of the imaging wave measured at the transducer surface. Simulations are used to propagate the acoustic field through a histologically characterized sample of the human abdomen and to validate the theoretical predictions. In vivo measurements performed with a diagnostic ultrasound scanner demonstrate that simulations and theory closely match the measured spatial coherence characteristics in the human body across the transducer array’s entire spatial extent. The theoretical framework and simulations are then used to describe the physics of spatial coherence imaging, a type of ultrasound imaging that measures coherence properties instead of echo brightness. The same echo data from an F/2 transducer was used to generate B-mode and short lag spatial coherence images. For an anechoic lesion at the focus the contrast to noise ratio is 1.21 for conventional B-mode imaging and 1.95 for spatial coherence imaging. It is shown that the contrast in spatial coherence imaging depends on the properties of the near-field tissue layer and the backscattering function in the focal plane.
Correlation between Crystal Structure and Mobility in Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Single Crystals of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives (2004)

Recently, it was reported that crystals of the organic material dithiophene-tetrathiafulvalene (DT-TTF) have a high field-effect charge carrier mobility of 1.4 cm(2)/(V x s). These crystals were formed by a simple drop-casting method, making this material interesting to investigate for possible applications in low-cost electronics. Here, organic single-crystal field-effect transistors based on materials related to DT-TTF are presented and a clear correlation between the crystal structure and the electrical characteristics is observed. The observed relationship between the mobilities in the different crystal structures is strongly corroborated by calculations of both the molecular reorganization energies and the maximum intermolecular transfer integrals. The most suitable materials described here exhibit mobilities that are among the highest reported for organic field-effect transistors and that are the highest reported for solution-processed materials.
Preliminary results of a physiologically based treatment of amblyopia. (1978)

An apparatus has been developed in which high-contrast square-wave gratings are rotated in front of the amblyopic eye while the child is performing some task requiring visual concentration. In the course of three 7-minute treatments 73% of patients treated achieved 6/12 or better; 75% of these patients had previously undertaken conventional or minimal occlusion.
Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Thiourea Derivatives (2017)

All the compounds reported in this paper are known, except compound 11. They have been identified as new inhibitors of Adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is the process of adipocytes differentiation from pre-adipocytes. This extensively studied model of cell diff differentiation. Further synthetic modifications, and optimization of anti-adipogenic activity may lead to the development of anti-obesity agents.
A single-shot hyperspectral phasor camera for fast, multi-color fluorescence microscopy (2023)

Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging improves multiplexed observations of biological samples by utilizing multiple color channels across the spectral range to compensate for spectral overlap between labels. Typically, spectral resolution comes at a cost of decreased detection efficiency, which both hampers imaging speed and increases photo-toxicity to the samples. Here, we present a high-speed, high-efficiency snapshot spectral acquisition method, based on optical compression of the fluorescence spectra via Fourier transform, that overcomes the challenges of discrete spectral sampling: single-shot hyperspectral phasor camera (SHy-Cam). SHy-Cam captures fluorescence spatial and spectral information in a single exposure with a standard scientific CMOS camera, with photon efficiency of over 80%, easily and with acquisition rates exceeding 30 datasets per second, making it a powerful tool for multi-color <i>in vivo</i> imaging. Its simple design, using readily available optical components, and its easy integration provide a low-cost solution for multi-color fluorescence imaging with increased efficiency and speed.
A 0.2GHz to 4GHz Hybrid PLL (ADPLL/Charge-Pump-PLL) in 7NM FinFET CMOS Featuring 0.619PS Integrated Jitter and 0.6US Settling Time at 2.3MW (2018)

All-digital PLLs (ADPLL) based on a ring-oscillator (RO) provide very fast settling, but they suffer from quantization (Q) noise due to discrete tuning of their digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). Although RO charge-pump PLLs (CP-PLL) do not exhibit Q-noise thanks to their continuous VCO tuning, they are quite slow and require huge VCO gain. We propose a hybrid-PLL in 7nm FinFET CMOS that combines the best advantages of ADPLL and CP-PLL with a periodical phase realignment by the reference clock. It covers 0.2GHz-4GHz with 0.619ps integrated jitter and settles in 0.6us.
A digitally-controlled power-aware low-dropout regulator to reduce standby current drain in ultra-low-power MCU (2015)

In this paper, we describe a fully-integrated digitally-controlled low-dropout regulator (LDO) with dual-loop architecture, providing core voltage to an ultra-low-power microcontroller (MCU). The fine-grained loop dynamically modulates the active-mode LDO drive-strength using the MCU power-modes information for a maximum load current of 6mA, thereby improving the active-mode current efficiency. The coarse-grained loop, enabled to regulate the output voltage only when the MCU enters the standby-mode, ensures ultra-low quiescent current consumption of 500nA, preventing standby drain. A thermometric binary-weighted power-switch matrix improves the transient response figure-of-merit (FOM) by switching between the different power modes. A charge-pump based voltage monitoring circuit is added to allow for wider input voltage range with reduced ripple. Fast digitally-controlled transient response of the LDO allowed the replacement of the (usually off-chip) large capacitor with a high-density on-chip ferroelectric capacitor, thus reducing the LDO sleep-to-active recovery time/energy and allowing full system-on-chip integration. The digitally-controlled LDO, with a wide input voltage range of 1.75-3.3V and nominal output of 1.2V is implemented in a 0.13μm CMOS technology with an active area of 0.034mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , achieving a FOM of 4.44ps with standby-mode current efficiency of more than 90% for all practical purposes.
Rapid fabrication of pressure-driven open-channel microfluidic devices in omniphobic RF paper (2013)

This paper describes the fabrication of pressure-driven, open-channel microfluidic systems with lateral dimensions of 45-300 microns carved in omniphobic paper using a craft-cutting tool. Vapor phase silanization with a fluorinated alkyltrichlorosilane renders paper omniphobic, but preserves its high gas permeability and mechanical properties. When sealed with tape, the carved channels form conduits capable of guiding liquid transport in the low-Reynolds number regime (i.e. laminar flow). These devices are compatible with complex fluids such as droplets of water in oil. The combination of omniphobic paper and a craft cutter enables the development of new types of valves and switches, such as "fold valves" and "porous switches," which provide new methods to control fluid flow.
Three-Phase PV CHB Inverter for a Distributed Power Generation System (2016)

This work deals with the design of a three-phase grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) cascade H-bridge inverter for distributed power conversion. The power balancing among the phases must be properly addressed. In fact, an intra-phase power imbalance—arising from uneven irradiance and temperature conditions—generates a per-phase power imbalance. This latter can be compensated by the injection of a proper zero-sequence voltage, while the intra-phase balance is ensured by means of a hybrid modulation method which is able to guarantee the handling of unequal DC (Direct Current) sources, stable circuit operation, and maximization of PV power production. The digital controller is developed and tested in Matlab/Simulink environment integrated with XSG (Xilinx System Generator), thus allowing an easy transfer on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform and accurately describing the behavior of a real hardware implementation. Thus, numerical results have been considered to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Zwitterionic bis(phenolate)amine lanthanide complexes for the ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters (2007)

The reaction of Sm{N(SiMe3)2}3 with the bis(phenol)amines H2O2N(R) (H2O2N(R) = RCH2CH2N(2-HO-3,5-C6H2(t)Bu2)2; R = OMe, NMe2 or Me) gave exclusively zwitterions Sm(O2N(R))(HO2N(R)). For R = OMe or NMe2 these were efficient catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of epsilon-caprolactone and D,L-lactide with a tendency to form cyclic esters; in contrast, no polymerisation was observed for R = Me.
Targeted Discovery of Cryptic Metabolites with Antiproliferative Activity (2022)

Microorganisms have provided a rich source of therapeutically valuable natural products. Recent advances in whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics have revealed immense untapped potential for new natural products in the form of silent or "cryptic" biosynthetic genes. We herein conducted high-throughput elicitor screening (HiTES) in conjunction with cytotoxicity assays against selected cancer cell lines with the goal of uncovering otherwise undetectable cryptic metabolites with antiproliferative activity. Application to <i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i> facilitated identification of clavamates A and B, two bioactive metabolites with unusual structural features, as well as facile activation of a gene cluster coding for tunicamycin, which exhibited strong growth-inhibitory activity. The elicitor we identified was pleiotropic, additionally leading to the discovery of a modified, bicyclic pentapeptide natural product. Our results highlight the utility of this approach in identifying new molecules with antiproliferative activity from even overexploited microbial strains.
Overview of mathematical modeling of myocardial blood flow regulation (2020)

The oxygen consumption by the heart and its extraction from the coronary arterial blood are the highest among all organs. Any increase in oxygen demand due to a change in heart metabolic activity requires an increase in coronary blood flow. This functional requirement of adjustment of coronary blood flow is mediated by coronary flow regulation to meet the oxygen demand without any discomfort, even under strenuous exercise conditions. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the theoretical and computational models of coronary flow regulation and to reveal insights into the functioning of a complex physiological system that affects the perfusion requirements of the myocardium. Models for three major control mechanisms of myogenic, flow, and metabolic control are presented. These explain how the flow regulation mechanisms operating over multiple spatial scales from the precapillaries to the large coronary arteries yield the myocardial perfusion characteristics of flow reserve, autoregulation, flow dispersion, and self-similarity. The review not only introduces concepts of coronary blood flow regulation but also presents state-of-the-art advances and their potential to impact the assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), cardiac-coronary coupling in metabolic diseases, and therapies for angina and heart failure. Experimentalists and modelers not trained in these models will have exposure through this review such that the nonintuitive and highly nonlinear behavior of coronary physiology can be understood from a different perspective. This survey highlights knowledge gaps, key challenges, future research directions, and novel paradigms in the modeling of coronary flow regulation.
MEMS: Some Self-Assembly Required (2002)

Fluidic self-assembly can provide the vital step in the fabrication of chip-sized optical MEMS for a wide variety of applications. Nature herself provides an inspirational model for fluidic self-assembly, as well as useful guidelines for processes that can be employed to build microsystems. In this review article, we describe some achievements in assembly that have already been demonstrated, including our own research on fluidic self-assembly of micromirrors for an adaptive-optics array. The results reported to date lead us to predict significant growth in the applications to microsystems of fluidic self-assembly techniques.
CRYPTO BASED EPC C1G2 UHF (860 MHz–960 MHz) PASSIVE RFID TAG CHIP (2008)

ABSTRACT The metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor in ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) security embedded RFID chip is used not only in the memory cell region but also used in the analog and digital circuit area for low cost capacitance device and high security algorithm. MFM based security FeRAM braces for a wide range of security threats such as reverse engineering, cloning, and tampering. High security performance solution of on-chip FeRAM based register key is implemented to prepare against security attacking. RF transferring sensitivity properties with MFM capacitor are almost same or better than that with poly-insulator-poly (PIP) capacitor and metal-insulator-metal (MIM), and MOS capacitor. The measured power consumption of FeRAM embedded RFID chip without crypto processor engine is about 10μ W with the write sensitivity of -18dBm.
The International Radiosurgery Oncology Consortium for Kidney (IROCK) multicentre analysis of SABR for primary RCC in patients with or without prior nephrectomy (2018)

Poster: 2018 ASM / R-0116 / The International Radiosurgery Oncology Consortium for Kidney (IROCK) multicentre analysis of SABR for primary RCC in patients with or without prior nephrectomy by: S. Siva 1, R. Correa2, M. Staehler3, A. Warner2, S. Gandhidasan1, L. Ponsky4, R. Ellis4, I. Kaplan5, A. Mahadevan5, W. Chu6, A. Swaminath6, H. Onishi7, B. Teh8, S. Lo9, A. Muacevic3, A. Louie2; 1VIC/AU, 2Ontario/Canada, 3Bavaria/DE, 4Ohio/US, 5Massachusetts /US, 6Ontario/CA, 7Kofu/JP, 8Texas/US, 9Washington/US
Uncovering the RNA-binding protein landscape in the pluripotency network of human embryonic stem cells (2021)

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and cell fate decisions are driven by a broad array of molecular signals. While transcriptional regulators have been extensively studied in human ESCs (hESCs), the extent to which RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) contribute to human pluripotency remains unclear. Here, we carry out a proteome-wide screen and identify 810 proteins that bind RNA in hESCs. We reveal that RBPs are preferentially expressed in hESCs and dynamically regulated during early stem cell differentiation. Notably, many RBPs are affected by knockdown of OCT4, a master regulator of pluripotency, several dozen of which are directly targeted by this factor. Using cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP-seq), we find that the pluripotency-associated STAT3 and OCT4 transcription factors interact with RNA in hESCs and confirm the binding of STAT3 to the conserved NORAD long-noncoding RNA. Our findings indicate that RBPs have a more widespread role in human pluripotency than previously appreciated.