gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
kasT Gene of Streptomyces kasugaensis M338-M1 Encodes a DNA-binding Protein which Binds to Intergenic Region of kasU-kasJ in the Kasugamycin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster. (2002)

We previously reported that a 4.2 kb SacI-EcoRI DNA region from Streptomyces kasugaensis M338-M1, a kasugamycin (KSM) producer, included KSM transporter genes (kasKLM). As an extension of that study, a 3.7 kb Psti-SacI DNA region, located at 1.5 approximately 5.2 kb upstream of kasK, was cloned and sequenced, revealing three complete open reading frames, designated kasT, kasU and kasJ. The kasJ gene encodes a protein (KasJ) with a conserved dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif Homology search for KasJ showed its similarity to NADH: N-amidino-scyllo-inosamine oxidoreductase (StsB) which is involved in biosynthesis of the streptidine moiety of streptomycin (SM) in S. griseus. The kasT gene encodes a DNA-binding protein (KasT), including a helix-turn-helix motif near the center of the sequence. This protein is similar in structure to a pathway-specific activator protein (StrR) that plays a role in regulating the SM biosynthesis gene cluster of S. griseus. A fusion protein (Trx-KasT) clearly showed DNA binding activity with the intergenic region of kasU-kasJ, suggesting that KasT is a pathway-specific regulator of the KSM biosynthesis gene cluster.
Telomere length, COPD and emphysema as risk factors for lung cancer (2016)

Telomeres are DNA–protein structures that protect chromosome ends from degradation and shorten progressively with each cell division [1]. Telomere length measured in peripheral leukocytes has been used to determine an individual's “biological age”, and previous reports have demonstrated that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or emphysema have shorter peripheral leukocyte telomere length [2–5]. The presence of COPD and emphysema are independent risk factors for the ultimate development of lung cancer [6, 7]. Leukocyte telomere length should be included among the independent risk factors associated with lung cancer <http://ow.ly/uzlg304Qpn6> J.P. de-Torres, G. Bastarrika, J.J. Zulueta, P. Sanchez-Salcedo, B.R. Celli (conception and design, analysis and interpretation, and drafting the manuscript for important intellectual content); A.B. Alcaide, J. Berto, A. Campo, M. del Mar Ocon, C. Monente, R. Pío, M.J. Pajares, L. Montuenga (analysis and interpretation).
High Density Array Matrices of Polymeric Structures by Ultrathin Interfacial Layer-Mediated Double Replication Approach (2002)

We demonstrate here rapid, efficient and reliable fabrication and replication of high density arrays of polymeric structures using ultrathin layer-mediated processes. Highly uniform polymeric structures with submicrometer to nanometer radius-of-curvatures and consistent vertical profiles could be achieved via sequential replication cycles. Highly controllable dry surface treatment has been used to create a chemically inert and stable interfacial zone between two polymers of the same chemical identities to allow simple replica molding and rapid intact release of highly flexible molded polymeric structures. The approach could, in principle, be extended to other systems with appropriate modification of interfacial surface properties.
CO 2 laser-produced Sn plasma as the solution for high-volume manufacturing EUV lithography (2007)

We are developing a laser produced plasma light source for high volume manufacturing (HVM) EUV lithography. The light source is based on a short pulse, high power, high repetition rate CO<sub>2</sub> master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser system and a Tin droplet target. A maximum conversion efficiency of 4.5% was measured for a CO<sub>2</sub> laser driven Sn plasma having a narrow spectrum at 13.5 nm. In addition, low debris generation was observed. The CO<sub>2</sub> MOPA laser system is based on commercial high power cw CO<sub>2</sub> lasers. We have achieved an average laser power of 7 kW at 100 kHz by a single laser beam with good beam quality. In a first step, a 50-W light source is under development. Based on a 10-kW CO<sub>2</sub> laser, this light source is scalable to more than 100 W EUV in-band power.
Tolerance of N-Chlorotaurine, a New Antimicrobial Agent, in Infectious Conjunctivitis – A Phase II Pilot Study (2000)

N-Chlorotaurine (NCT) is an endogenous microbicidal oxidant. This open pilot study (phase IIa) with 9 patients was done to gain first knowledge on the tolerance of NCT in infectious conjunctivitis. By application of 1% NCT 5 times a day, no adverse effects could be observed. All 6 subjects with bacterial conjunctivitis were cured within 3-5 days. Two subjects with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were treated for 7-10 days and 1 subject with herpes simplex blepharitis for 3 days with no rapid improvement but probable mitigation of inflammation. Therefore, NCT seems to be useful in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis, and further investigation on its therapeutic efficacy is suggested.
Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A: Part 1: First Generation Strategy and Construction of BCD Ring System (1999)

Dissection of brevetoxin A at the nine-membered ring site (ring E) formed the basis of the first generation strategy for the total synthesis of this molecule. Unfortuately the planned hydroxy dithioketal cyclization to form the crucial nonacene did not proceed as anticipated and this approach was discontinued.
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (2011)

Welcome to NPAR 2011, the ninth meeting of the International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, taking place 5-7 August in Vancouver, BC, Canada and co-located with ACM SIGGRAPH 2011. NPAR unites researchers and practitioners from academia and industry who share the goal of synthesizing expressive imagery for the visual communication of ideas and information.

Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) has its roots in the emulation of both traditional media and the processes of artistic visualization and abstraction. Yet these goals have quickly diversified to span interfaces and interactive methods to aid the creative process. NPR is now a truly cross-disciplinary field, drawing not only from computer science and geometry, but from art, perception, and increasingly from human-computer interaction.
Evidence for Protein Phosphatase 1 and 2A Regulation of K+ Channels in Two Types of Leaf Cells (1994)

Ion channels control ion fluxes across membranes, membrane potential, and signal transduction between and within cells. Protein kinases and phosphatases are important regulators involved in stimulus-response coupling in eukaryotic organisms. We have identified in extracts of Vicia faba leaf cells protein phosphatase activities inhibited by okadaic acid (OA) and calyculin A (CA), two inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, we have demonstrated that inward K+ currents in guard cells are inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of OA or CA, whereas outward K+ currents are not affected. However, the same inhibitors enhance the magnitude of outward K+ currents in mesophyll cells. A phosphatase antagonist, adenosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), has an effect similar to OA and CA on outward K+ currents in mesophyll cells. Our findings suggest that protein phosphatases 1 and/or 2A play different physiological roles in modulating the activity of K+ channels in mesophyll cells and guard cells.
Profiling target engagement and cellular uptake of cRGD-decorated clinical-stage core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (2022)

Abstract Polymeric micelles are increasingly explored for tumor-targeted drug delivery. CriPec® technology enables the generation of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPM) based on thermosensitive (mPEG-b-pHPMAmLac n ) block copolymers, with high drug loading capacity, tailorable size, and controlled drug release kinetics. In this study, we decorated clinical-stage CCPM with the α v β 3 integrin-targeted cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptide, which is one of the most well-known active targeting ligands evaluated preclinically and clinically. Using a panel of cell lines with different expression levels of the α v β 3 integrin receptor and exploring both static and dynamic incubation conditions, we studied the benefit of decorating CCPM with different densities of cRGD. We show that incubation time and temperature, as well as the expression levels of α v β 3 integrin by target cells, positively influence cRGD-CCPM uptake, as demonstated by immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrate that even very low decoration densities (i.e., 1 mol % cRGD) result in higher engagement and uptake by target cells as compared to peptide-free control CCPM, and that high cRGD decoration densities do not result in a proportional increase in internalization. In this context, it should be kept in mind that a more extensive presence of targeting ligands on the surface of nanomedicines may affect their pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile. Thus, we suggest a relatively low cRGD decoration density as most suitable for in vivo application.
Prevention of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2015)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious ocular complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and leading cause of acquired blindness in working aged adults. Although various interventions have been trialled to prevent the development or progression of DR, the evidence to support many of these remains unclear. We systematically reviewed the evidence for primary and secondary interventions, to guide the management of DR in people with T1D.

Systematic searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases (from January 1990 to June 2014) to identify randomised controlled trials and controlled cohort studies reporting the incidence or progression of DR following administration of systemic interventions. English-language studies with a minimum follow-up of one year were eligible. Meta-analyses of extracted data were performed to determine pooled relative risk (RR) reduction.

Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Intensive insulin therapy significantly reduced the risk of both incident DR (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.86, p=0.02) and progression of DR (RR 0.55, 0.31-0.97, p=0.04) compared with conventional therapy. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps provided significantly greater protection than multiple daily injection therapy (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19-0.57, p<0.0001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition had no impact on DR incidence but reduced progression (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.94, p=0.03). Conversely, angiotensin receptor blockade was effective in decreasing DR incidence (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.85, p=0.002) but had non-significant effect on progression. Both pancreas-alone and combined pancreas-kidney transplantation retarded progression of DR (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.10-0.41, p<0.0001). Islet cell transplantation provided no benefit compared with either intensive or conventional insulin therapy.

In people with T1D, there is strong evidence supporting intensive insulin therapy for prevention of DR. Anti-hypertensives also provide protection against DR in normotensive, normoalbuminuric adults but their effectiveness in other populations is yet to be investigated. In patients with T1D of longer duration, pancreas transplantation slows progression of DR. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of anti-lipid therapy or other medical interventions.
Multi-functionality of Ga/ZSM-5 catalysts during anaerobic and aerobic aromatisation of n-decane (2012)

Zeolite catalysts have been evaluated for the gas-phase conversion of decane, to study new routes for upgrading intermediate-length straight chain hydrocarbons. For a gas-feed of dilute n-decane in an inert carrier, at a contact time of 4 s, the initial activity of ZSM-5 and Ga/ZSM-5 was consistently high (>95% conversion) over the temperature range 300–460 °C. The parent zeolite produced almost equal yields of cracked hydrocarbons and aromatics, while the Ga-modified zeolite produced predominantly BTX and other heavier aromatics. This difference in product distribution is consistent with the short-chain alkanes formed within the internal pore structure of the zeolite being intermediates in a Cyclar-type aromatisation mechanism, while the direct conversion of decane to heavy (C10–C15) aromatics occurs at the unconstrained external acid sites. Under aerobic conditions, the rate of CO formation was negligible and CO2 was barely detectable over either the parent or the Ga-modified zeolite, even though all the O2 was consumed. The ability of Ga/ZSM-5 to catalyse selective oxidation, of the H2 released during the dehydrogenation steps, thus provides the prospect of the aromatisation reaction being operated autothermally. Although the external sites are preferentially blocked by carbon retention, rapid deactivation did not occur until after 65 h on line (under either anaerobic or aerobic conditions) when blocking of the internal pore structure became limiting.
The Impact of Educational Background on the Effectiveness of Requirements Inspections: An Empirical Study (2008)

While the inspection of various software artifacts increases the quality of the end product, the effectiveness of an inspection depends largely on the individual inspectors involved. To address that issue, a large-scale controlled inspection experiment with over 70 professionals was conducted at Microsoft Corporation that focused on the relationship between an inspector's background and their effectiveness during a requirements inspection. The results of the study showed that inspectors with university degrees in majors not related to computer science found significantly more defects than those with degrees in computer science majors. We also observed that level of education (Masters, PhD), prior industrial experience or other job related experiences did not significantly impact the effectiveness of an inspector. The only other type of experience that had a significant impact on effectiveness was experience in writing requirements, i.e. professionals with prior experience writing requirements found statistically significant more defects than their counterparts.
SCIBORG: Secure Configurations for the IOT Based on Optimization and Reasoning on Graphs. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Improvement of threshold voltage deviation in damascene metal gate transistors (2001)

The metal gate work function deviation (crystal orientation deviation) was found to cause the threshold voltage deviation (/spl Delta/V/sub th/) in the damascene metal gate transistors. When the TiN work function (crystal orientation) is controlled by using the inorganic CVD technique, /spl Delta/V/sub th/ of the surface channel damascene metal gate (Al/TiN or W/TiN) transistors was drastically improved and found to be smaller than that for the conventional polysilicon gate transistors. The reason for the further reduction of the threshold voltage deviation (/spl Delta/V/sub th/) in the damascene metal gate transistors is considered to be that the thermal-damages and plasma-damages on gate and gate oxide are minimized in the damascene gate process. High performance sub-100 nm metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with work-function-controlled CVD-TiN metal-gate and Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ gate insulator are demonstrated in order to confirm the compatibility with high-k gate dielectrics and the technical advantages of the inorganic CVD-TiN.
Interpolation and denoising of nonuniformly sampled data using wavelet-domain processing (1999)

We link concepts from nonuniform sampling, smoothness function spaces, interpolation, and denoising to derive a suite of multiscale, maximum-smoothness interpolation algorithms. We formulate the interpolation problem as the optimization of finding the signal that matches the given samples with smallest norm in a function smoothness space. For signals in the Besov space B/sub q//sup /spl alpha// (L/sub p/), the optimization corresponds to convex programming in the wavelet domain; for signals in the Sobolev space W/sup /spl alpha//(L/sub 2/), the optimization reduces to a simple weighted least-squares problem. An optional wavelet shrinkage regularization step makes the algorithm suitable for even noisy sample data, unlike classical approaches such as bandlimited and spline interpolation.
Self-regenerative software components (2003)

Self-regenerative capabilities are a new trend in survivable system design. Self-regeneration ensures the property that a system's vulnerabilities cannot be exploited to the extent that the mission objective is compromised, but instead that the vulnerabilities are eventually removed, and system functionality is restored. To establish the usefulness of self-regenerative capabilities in the design of survivable systems, it is important to ensure that a system satisfying the self-regenerative requirement is survivable, and software engineering practices and tool support are available for building self-regenerative systems. This paper emphasizes the need for formal definition of the concept of self-regenerative systems in general and self-regenerative software components in particular. We propose a simple formal definition of a self-regenerative software component and we propose to adapt well-established formal software validation techniques to build tool support to implement self-regenerative capabilities at the component level.
cycloSal-Pronucleotides of 2‘,3‘-Dideoxyadenosine and 2‘,3‘-Dideoxy-2‘,3‘-didehydroadenosine:  Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of a Highly Efficient Nucleotide Delivery System (1999)

The synthesis, hydrolysis, and antiviral evaluation of novel, lipophilic cycloSal-ddAMP (9a-d) and cycloSal-d4AMP (10a-d) derivatives of the antiviral purine dideoxynucleoside analogues 2', 3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddA) (2) and 2',3'-dideoxy-2', 3'-didehydroadenosine (d4A) (3) are reported. These potential pronucleotides release ddAMP (7) or d4AMP (8) selectively by a controlled, chemically induced tandem reaction. All new compounds 9 and 10a-d were synthesized in good yields using our previously reported phosphorus(III) method starting from substituted salicyl alcohols 14a-h. The phosphotriesters 9 and 10 were obtained with a stereochemical preference of 2:1 with respect to the configuration at the phosphorus center. In an 1-octanol/water mixture phosphotriesters 9 and 10 exhibited 7-43-fold higher lipophilicity than the parent nucleosides ddA (2) and d4A (3) as judged by their log P values. In hydrolysis studies, 9 and 10 decomposed under mild aqueous basic conditions releasing solely ddAMP (7) and d4AMP (8), as well as the diols 14. Further hydrolysis studies under acidic conditions showed a marked increase in stability with respect to the acid-catalyzed cleavage of the glycosyl bond. Phosphotriesters 9 and 10 exhibited antiviral potencies against wild-type HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains in human T-lymphocyte (CEM/O) cells that were, respectively, 100- and 600-fold higher than those of ddA (2) and d4A (3). Furthermore, all triesters 9 and 10 were markedly more active than the corresponding ddI compounds 11 and 12, which supports the concept of the delivery of the adenine nucleotides. Studies with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPDA) showed that the triesters were not substrates for enzymatic deamination. The studies reported herein demonstrate conclusively that the cycloSal triesters deliver exclusively the nucleotides ddAMP and d4AMP, not only under chemical-simulated hydrolysis but also under intracellular conditions fulfilling the adenosine deaminase bypass premise.
Comparison of a TOPAZ-II Model with Experimental Data from the V-71 Unit Tests (1994)

An integrated model of the TOPAZ‐II space nuclear reactor system is developed based on the Thermionic Transient Analysis Model (TITAM). The comparison of the TOPAZ‐II system model predictions with measurements from the TOPAZ‐II, V‐71 tests showed a good agreement with experimental data. The calculated coolant temperatures are within 15 K and the calculated coolant pressure is within 12% of measurements. For a given reactor thermal power, the model calculates various operation parameters of the system, namely: (a) the coolant flow rate and the temperature and pressure distributions throughout the coolant loop, (b) the electromagnetic pump current, voltage, magnetic field strength, and pressure head, (c) the load electric voltage and current, (d) the axial and radial temperature distributions in the different reactor core components, and (e) the J‐V characteristics of the thermionic fuel elements.
Isolating and Discriminating Overlapping Signatures in Cluttered Environments (2011)

Abstract : SERDP project MR-1664 entitled Isolating and Discriminating Overlapping Signatures in Cluttered Environments is approximately halfway complete. Significant progress has been made in working toward the original objectives of the project. Three new methods for localizing multiple sources in close proximity using EMI data have been developed and tested. Specifically, these methods are: A multiple dipole search method based on a gradient search algorithm utilizing an analytical Jacobian (see Sec. 4.2) A combined Joint Diagonalization (JD) and Orthonormalized Volume Magnetic Source (ONVMS) method (see Sec. 4.3) Source localization based MUSIC algorithm applied to EMI data (see [1]) Canonical targets of various shapes, sizes and material parameters have been fabricated (see Sec. 4.1. Data acquired from these targets as well as standard UXO targets has been acquired by the TEMTADS and MPV2 instruments in many multitarget configurations (see Sec. 4.1). The methods developed to date under this MR-1664 have been able to isolate and discriminate up to six targets simultaneously in the case of lab data (see Sec. 5). The JD method is able to almost instantaneously provide a good estimate for the number of distinct targets in the EMI data. After this estimate is obtained, the first or second methods delineated above (and described below) are used to invert for the parameters of the N identified targets. Benjamin Barrowes,
Nonketonic perester photoinitiators (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonketonic perester photoinitiatorsIdeisan I. Abu-Abdoun, L. Thijs, and D. C. NeckersCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 3, 282–288Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00133a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00133a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts