gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring effects of Souvenaid on cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (2019)

In this exploratory trial, we found no robust effect of 24-week intervention with Souvenaid on synapse function measured by [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET. Possible explanations include short duration of treatment.
Design, synthesis, and biological activities of a potent and selective α‐melanotropin antagonist (1990)

Based on structure-activity relationships of the potent alpha-MSH agonist, Ac-Nle4-Asp5-His6-D-Phe7-Arg8-Trp9-Lys10-NH2, several analogs of the general formula Ac-Nle4-Asp5-Waa6-Xaa7-Yaa8-Zaa9-Lys10+ ++-NH2 were synthesized and tested on frog and lizard skin bioassays for their possible inhibitory actions against alpha-MSH on melanocyte stimulation. When Waa6 = Trp, Xaa7 = D-Phe, Yaa8 = Nle and Zaa = Trp, a highly potent alpha-MSH antagonist, Ac-Nle-Asp-Trp-D-Phe-Nle-Trp-Lys-NH2, with selectivity on the frog skin alpha-MSH receptor system (pA2 = 8.4) was obtained. However, several modifications in the amino acid sequence of the peptide resulted in a complete loss of antagonistic activity and a recovery of very weak agonistic action. The following changes in the amino acid sequence of the peptide were examined; His or D-Trp for Waa, L-Phe for Xaa, Arg, Ala or Pro for Yaa, and D-Trp for Zaa. All resulted in full agonists with no antagonistic activity. In addition, lactam cyclization between the Asp5 and Lys10 side chains in the antagonist gave a full agonist and a complete loss of antagonistic activity. Efforts to develop a rational approach for the design of selective alpha-MSH antagonists for the frog skin alpha-MSH receptor will be discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fluorogenic Substrate for the First Continuous Steroid Sulfatase Assay. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Accuracy improvement of double fault identification on transparent optical networks (2010)

The performance evaluation of a multiple fault localization algorithm on several networks under different realistic scenarios with false and lost alarms is presented. The obtained results outperform other presented results. Furthermore, a new method to improve the efficiency to identify double faults is proposed and evaluated.
Stimulation of density‐inhibited cell cultures by insulin (1973)

Abstract Cell proliferation in density‐inhibited chick embryo cell cultures was induced by microgram quantities of insulin, neuraminidase, trypsin or papain. Other proteins tested, including albumin, fetuin, ribonuclease and hyaluronidase were inactive except in very high concentrations (&gt; 100 μg/ml). The insulin chick embryo model was selected for detailed analysis of the initiation of proliferation. Insulin insolubilized by conjugation with Sepharose particles was also active, but only in so far as it was released in soluble form from the particles. This was measured by a radioimmunoassay. Under the conditions giving maximal cell proliferation less than 0.002‐0.2% of insulin was taken up by the cells. This suggests that an interaction of insulin with the cell surface only is sufficient to stimulate the cells. Insulin released the density‐inhibited cells from G 1 phase to produce an almost synchronous wave of proliferation. The following sequence of events was characteristic of the cells after stimulation by insulin: an early increase in sugar uptake and decrease in leucine uptake, increase in cell volume, stimulation of RNA and protein synthesis, increase in thymidine uptake, DNA synthesis, mitosis and cell division.
Antenna illumination effects on measurements of rough surface scattering (2002)

An analysis of the effects of the antenna radiation pattern on estimates of the differential scattering coefficient (/spl sigmasup 0/) of rough surfaces is performed. Kirchhoff's approximation is used to describe rough surface scattering. A comparison between normalized /spl sigmasup 0/ derived in the cases of plane wave illumination (pencil beam antenna) and spherical wave illumination (generalized Gaussian beam antenna) is made. Sensitivity of the differential scattering coefficient with regards to the antenna radiation pattern is studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Architecture for Multicast Protection Using Maximally Redundant Trees (2013)

Failure protection is desirable for multicast traffic, whether
signaled via PIM or mLDP. Different mechanisms are suitable for
different use-cases and deployment scenarios. This document describes
the architecture for global protection (aka multicast live- live) and
for local protection (aka fast-reroute). The general methods for
global protection and local protection using alternate-trees are
dependent upon the use of Maximally Redundant Trees. Local protection
can also tunnel traffic in unicast tunnels to take advantage of the
routing and fast-reroute mechanisms available for IP/LDP unicast
destinations. The failures protected against are single link or node
failures. While the basic architecture might support protection
against shared risk group failures, algorithms to dynamically compute
MRTs supporting this are for future study.
Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines: From Mouse Models to Clinical Cancer Immunotherapy (2000)

B and T lymphocytes are the effectors of specific immunity. However, their function is critically dependent on dendritic cells (DC). DC are professional antigen presenting cells that both initiate and modulate the immune response. The recent breakthrough in the generation of DC from their progenitors has stimulated research on DC in both fundamental and clinical immunology. Objective immune response induction has now been reported in clinical studies using DC. In this review we discuss the development and potential of DC-based vaccines to induce antitumor immunity.
Computational Investigations on Base-Catalyzed Diaryl Ether Formation (2013)

We report investigations with the dispersion-corrected B3LYP density functional method on mechanisms and energetics for reactions of group I metal phenoxides with halobenzenes as models for polyether formation. Calculated barriers for ether formation from para-substituted fluorobenzenes are well correlated with the electron-donating or -withdrawing properties of the substituent at the para position. These trends have also been explained with the distortion/interaction energy theory model which show that the major component of the activation energy is the energy required to distort the arylfluoride reactant into the geometry that it adopts at the transition state. Resonance-stabilized aryl anion intermediates (Meisenheimer complexes) are predicted to be energetically disfavored in reactions involving fluorobenzenes with a single electron-withdrawing group at the para position of the arene, but are formed when the fluorobenzenes are very electron-deficient, or when chelating substituents at the ortho position of the aryl ring are capable of binding with the metal cation, or both. Our results suggest that the presence of the metal cation does not increase the rate of reaction, but plays an important role in these reactions by binding the fluoride or nitrite leaving group and facilitating displacement. We have found that the barrier to reaction decreases as the size of the metal cation increases among a series of group I metal phenoxides due to the fact that the phenoxide becomes less distorted in the transition state as the size of the metal increases.
<title>Dual-energy imaging using a kinestatic charge detector</title> (1996)

A small research non imaging kinestatic charge detector (KCD), with segmented signal- collection fingers, has been used to investigate the dual-energy capability of a KCD. The front segments of the signal-collectors produce a digital low-energy x-ray image and the back segments produce a digital high-energy x-ray image. A gap between the front and back signal- collectors may be used as a filter to increase the separation between the mean energies absorbed in the front and back segments. The dual-energy imaging capability of the large-field (2016-channel) KCD, without segmented signal-collection fingers, has also been evaluated using the two-exposure technique of taking two sequential x-ray exposures at different x-ray kilovoltages of a fixed phantom. Dual-energy calibrations, based on various decomposition algorithms, were performed for both the segmented non imaging KCD and the large-field imaging KCD. The calibration parameters were calculated from measurements taken with various thicknesses of aluminum and Plexiglas. The rms errors in aluminum and Plexiglas thicknesses for the various dual-energy decomposition algorithms are compared for each KCD.
Time-resolved photoluminescence characterization of InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridges monolithically grown on 300 mm Si substrates (2020)

The monolithic growth of III–V materials directly on Si substrates provides a promising integration approach for passive and active silicon photonic integrated circuits but still faces great challenges in crystal quality due to misfit defect formation. Nano-ridge engineering is a new approach that enables the integration of III–V based devices on trench-patterned Si substrates with very high crystal quality. Using selective area growth, the III–V material is deposited into narrow trenches to reduce the dislocation defect density by aspect ratio trapping. The growth is continued out of the trench pattern and a box-shaped III–V nano-ridge is engineered by adjusting the growth parameters. A flat (001) GaAs nano-ridge surface enables the epitaxial integration of a common InGaAs/GaAs multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure as an optical gain medium to build a laser diode. In this study, a clear correlation is found between the photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, extracted from time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements, with the InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridge size and defect density, which are both predefined by the nano-ridge related pattern trench width. Through the addition of an InGaP passivation layer, a MQW PL lifetime of up to 800 ps and 1000 ps is measured when pumped at 900 nm (only QWs were excited) and 800 nm (QWs + barrier excited), respectively. The addition of a bottom carrier blocking layer further increases this lifetime to ∼2.5ns (pumped at 800 nm), which clearly demonstrates the high crystal quality of the nano-ridge material. These TRPL measurements not only deliver quick and valuable feedback about the III–V material quality but also provide an important understanding for the heterostructure design and carrier confinement of the nano-ridge laser diode.
Generating optical near-fields from afar via Absorbance Modulation (2008)

We present experimental results validating absorbance modulation, a technique to overcome the far-field diffraction barrier. Potential applications abound in optical nanopatterning and optical nanoscopy.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (2012)

Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) causes progressive and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, a disease also observed in conjunction with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Previous studies have demonstrated that the myofibroblast, a cell type whose origins involve the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), may play a role in the pathogenesis of IPF. The goal of this study was to determine whether EMT has a role in the pathogenesis of chronic HP. Lung specimens from a chronic HP model and from patients with chronic HP were analyzed. Cellular co-localization of epithelial and mesenchymal markers on the same alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) were examined using immunohistochemistry and cadherin switching by western blotting as indicators of EMT. EMT cells in the AECs were significantly more prevalent in lung specimens from Th2-prone A/J mice than in specimens from Th1-prone C57BL/6 mice. The percentage of EMT cells was correlated with the mRNA expressions of IL-13 and TGF-β1, the fibrosis score, and the collagen content in the A/J mice. In human, EMT cells in the AECs were significantly more prevalent in lungs specimens from patients with usual interstitial pneumonia pattern than in specimens from patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern at the moderate stage of fibrosis. In conclusion, EMT may play an important role in the fibrotic process of chronic HP under the Th2-biased environment.
Ultrafast opto-acoustics applied to the study of material nanostructures (2011)

The propagation of ultra-short sound pulses in water has been studied using an ultrafast opto-acoustic technique. A pulse time-of-flight technique for measuring the depths of deep channels in Si-based nanostructures was demonstrated. We report in these proof-of-concept ultrasonic experiments how spatial profile information of nanostructures can be acquired, where sound pulses propagate down narrow channels in patterned nanostructures. We have been able to detect acoustic echoes for sound propagating along a channel as narrow as 35 nm with depth to width ratios exceeding 10:1.
Young Chinese adults with new onset of diabetic ketoacidosis – clinical course, autoimmune status and progression of pancreatic β‐cell function (2000)

These findings confirm the relative rarity of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in young Chinese. Even when the clinical presentation takes the extreme form of acute DKA, less than 50% have positive autoimmune markers.
Transceiver Impairment Mitigation by 8×2 Widely Linear MIMO Equalizer With Independent Complex Filtering on IQ Signals (2022)

High-order modulation formats with high symbol rates are promising candidates for meeting the growing traffic requirements of digital coherent transmission. In using these modulation formats, the impact of transceiver impairment on the signal quality becomes significant. In this paper, we propose an 8×2 widely linear (WL) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equalizer with independent complex filtering on IQ signals to mitigate linear transceiver impairments. Furthermore, we extend the equalizer for digital subcarrier (SC) multiplexing. Accordingly, a 16×4 WL MIMO equalizer is also proposed to mitigate linear transceiver impairments, through application to a pair of SC inputs. Experimental results show that, for transmission of a 58-GBaud polarization-multiplexing 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (PM-64QAM) single-carrier signal, the proposed method effectively compensates for various receiver impairments and also mitigates transmitter (Tx) impairments. Q-penalties of 0.1 dB up to a 10-ps skew, 2.5-dB gain imbalance, 7.2-degree phase error, and –15-dB crosstalk in Tx were achieved for 100-km standard single-mode fiber transmission. Moreover, for a 29-GBaud PM-64QAM dual-SC signal, the proposed 16 × 4 WL MIMO equalizer shows transceiver impairment mitigation performance similar to that in the single-carrier case, even though dual-SC transmission is less tolerant of laser phase noise.
Enhancement of 5G Millimeter-Wave Coverage in Indoor Scenarios by Passive Shaped-Beam Reflectarray Panels (2022)

This contribution proposes the use of passive reflectarray panels as an efficient and low-cost technology to enhance millimeter-wave coverage in 5G indoor scenarios. A dual-polarized shaped-beam reflectarray has been designed to produce a highly broadened beam in the azimuth plane (half-power beamwidth of 13°) with a deviation of 45° with respect to broadside. A single-layer reflectarray cell has been used to obtain an angularly-stable phase response at the 28 GHz band with independent phase control in each linear polarization. The phase shift distribution on the reflectarray panel has been computed by a phase-only pattern synthesis, considering the beam specifications of the indoor scenario. The reflectarray panel shows stable gain and side-lobe levels, and very low cross-polarization in a 1 GHz band (from 27.3 to 28.3 GHz).
Unconventional Constituents and Shared Molecular Architecture of the Melanized Cell Wall of C. neoformans and Spore Wall of S. cerevisiae (2020)

The fungal cell wall serves as the interface between the cell and the environment. Fungal cell walls are composed largely of polysaccharides, primarily glucans and chitin, though in many fungi stress-resistant cell types elaborate additional cell wall structures. Here, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare the architecture of cell wall fractions isolated from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> spores and <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> melanized cells. The specialized cell walls of these two divergent fungi are highly similar in composition. Both use chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, as a scaffold on which a polyaromatic polymer, dityrosine and melanin, respectively, is assembled. Additionally, we demonstrate that a previously identified but uncharacterized component of the <i>S. cerevisiae</i> spore wall is composed of triglycerides, which are also present in the <i>C. neoformans</i> melanized cell wall. Moreover, we identify a tyrosine-derived constituent in the <i>C. neoformans</i> wall that, although it is not dityrosine, is a non-pigment constituent of the cell wall. The similar composition of the walls of these two phylogenetically distant species suggests that triglycerides, polyaromatics, and chitosan are basic building blocks used to assemble highly stress-resistant cell walls and the use of these constituents may be broadly conserved in other fungal species.
Electron exchange between two electrodes mediated by two electroactive adsorbates (2003)

Experimental data for electron exchange between two electrodes covered by electroactive films are presented and discussed in terms of the Gerischer model. A model Hamiltonian is proposed for such indirect electron exchange involving two intermediate species. Explicit model calculations are performed for the case in which the coupling between the two adsorbates is weak and determines the overall rate. The calculations agree well with the experimental data, and can be used to determine the energy of reorganization associated with the electron transfer.
A critical-conduction-mode bridgeless interleaved boost power factor correction: Its control scheme based on commonly available controller (2009)

This paper describes about how to utilize the industry standard critical conduction mode (CRM) boost interleaved power factor correction (PFC) control IC in a bridgeless environment. The proposed control technique is based on control signal diversion. It makes the bridgeless CRM boost interleaved PFC control signal looks like a conventional bridged-CRM boost interleaved PFC to the control IC. The presented solution has proven for its simplicity and its feasibility. In this paper, the control theory, considerations, and experiment data will be thoroughly presented.
Application of Macrolamination Technology to Lean, Premixed Combustion (2000)

Macrolamination, a novel manufacturing technique, is used to develop a dual-fuel premixer. A spatially distributed injection strategy is used to enhance fuel placement, distribution, and mixing inside the premixer. Parametric studies are conducted with different configurations of the premixer to determine the effects of residence time and nozzle configuration on pollutant emissions and flame stability. Diesel fuel (DF-2) and natural gas are used as fuels. Tests are conducted at a pressure of 400 kPa (5 atmospheres), and an inlet air temperature of 533 K. The pollutant emissions and RMS pressure levels are presented for a relatively wide range of nozzle velocities (50–80 m/s) and equivalence ratios (0.54–0.75). These results indicate very good pollutant emissions for a prototype design. These results also indicate that the time-lag model, previously associated with combustion oscillations for gaseous-fuel applications, also applies to liquid-fuel operation.
Using Iron Ore Ultra-Fines for Hydrogen-Based Fluidized Bed Direct Reduction—A Mathematical Evaluation (2022)

This mathematical evaluation focuses on iron ore ultra-fines for their use in a novel hydrogen-based fluidized bed direct reduction process. The benefits of such a process include reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and energy consumption per ton of product, lower operational and capital expenditure, and a higher oxide yield. Typical samples of iron ore ultra-fines, such as pellet feed, are given and classified for a fluidized bed. An operating field for a hydrogen-based fluidized bed direct reduction process using iron ore ultra-fines is shown in the fluidized state diagram following Reh's approach and compared to other processes. The effects of the process conditions and the agglomeration phenomenon sticking were analyzed and evaluated with mathematical case studies. The agglomeration phenomenon sticking was identified as the most critical issue; thus, the dependencies of the fluid dynamics on the characteristic diameter were examined.
Modeling and simulation of the response of heterograft biomaterials to fatigue. (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Generation of extended filaments of femtosecond pulses in air by use of a single-step phase plate (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate that by use of a phase plate that is placed between an adjustable aperture and a focusing lens, the length of the filament can be dramatically extended in air with a femtosecond laser pulse. In addition, the far-field beam profile captured after the filament indicates that the supercontinuum is strongly confined on axis, and a single filament appears to be attainable at relatively high input pulse power when the phase plate is used.
Tetraphenylphosphonium iodide–1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene–methanol (3/4/1) (2013)

The crystallization of a 1:1 molar solution of 1,3,5-tri-fluoro-2,4,6-di-iodo-benzene (TFTIB) and tetra-phenyl-phosponium iodide (TPPI) from methanol produced tetra-gonal needles of pure TPPI and tabular pseudo-hexa-gonal truncated bipyramids of the title compound, 3C24H20P(+)·3I(-)·4C6F3I3·CH4O or (TPPI)3(TFTIB)4·MeOH. The asymmetric unit is composed of six TPPI mol-ecules, eight TFTIB mol-ecules and two methanol mol-ecules, overall 16 constituents. The formation of the architecture is essentially guided by a number of C-I⋯I(-) halogen bonds (XB), whose lengths are in the range 3.276 (1)-3.625 (1) Å. Layers of supra-molecular polyanions are formed parallel to (10-1) wherein iodide anions function as penta-, tetra- or bidentate XB acceptors. The structure is not far from being P21/n, but the centrosymmetry is lost due to a different conformation of a single couple of cations and the small asymmetry in the formed supra-molecular anion. One methanol mol-ecule is hydrogen bonded to an iodide anion, while the second is linked to the first one via an O-H⋯O contact. This second methanol mol-ecule is more loosely pinned in its position than the first and presents very high anisotropic displacement parameters and a seeming shortening of the C-O bond length. The crystal studied was refined as a perfect inversion twin.
Yield Learning Methodologies and Failure Isolation in Ring Oscillator Circuit for CMOS Technology Research (2019)

We detail the use of ring oscillators (ROs) for yield learning during the research phase of a CMOS technology generation. Failing circuits are located and classified based on electrical analysis of ROs and FETs (Field Effect Transistor) wired out from RO environments. Based on electrical data and binning methods, we improve detection and classification fault methodologies and form a yield detractor pareto. Inline defect monitoring can help to estimate RO yield and is essential in CMOS technology research.