gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Mixed Matrix Gas Separation Membranes (1999)

Gas separation membranes combining the desirable gas transport properties of molecular sieving media and the attractive mechanical and low cost properties of polymers are considered. A fundamental analysis of predicted mixed matrix membrane performance based on intrinsic molecular sieve and polymer matrix gas transport properties is discussed. This assists in proper materials selection for the given gas separation. In addition, to explore the practical applications of this concept, this paper describes the experimental incorporation of 4A zeolites and carbon molecular sieves in a Matrimid matrix with subsequent characterization of the gas transport properties. There is a discrepancy between the predicted and the observed permeabilities of O2/N2 in the mixed matrix membranes. This discrepancy is analyzed. Some conclusions are drawn and directions for further investigations are given.
The spatial properties of motion-defined contours? (2010)

Purpose. The visual system integrates local orientation information across space to define spatial contours (Field, et al V.R. 33, 1993). More recently, it has been shown that a similar integration occurs for the direction of local motion signals in different parts of the field if they are aligned along a spatial contour (Ledgeway & Hess ARVO, 2001). Here we ask what are the spatial properties of this specialized type of motion integration. Methods Using a standard 2AFC task, observers were asked to choose which interval contained the elongated spatial contour (path) defined solely by motion. One interval chosen at random on each trial contained 158 micropatterns of random position and direction (background micropatterns) and in the other interval (path plus background) the motion directions of some (8) of the background micropatterns were arranged to lie along the invisible backbone of an elongated contour. The micropatterns contained 2-d, spatial noise that either had a spatial frequency bandwidth of 1 octave (Expt 1) or had an orientation bandwidth of 30 (Expt 2) and the centre frequencies/orientations of individual micropatterns could be varied. Results Motion-defined contours exhibit broad tuning for spatial frequency but narrow tuning for orientation. Conclusions Although motion-defined contours differ from orientation-defined counterparts in terms of their spatial frequency tuning they both exhibit narrow orientation tuning.
Diffusion Coatings for Corrosion-Resistant Components in Coal Gasification Systems (2006)

Heat-exchangers, particle filters, turbines, and other components in integrated coal gasification combined cycle system must withstand the highly sulfiding conditions of the high temperature coal gas over an extended period of time. The performance of components degrades significantly with time unless expensive high alloy materials are used. Deposition of a suitable coating on a low-cost alloy may improve its resistance to such sulfidation attack, and decrease capital and operating costs. The alloys used in the gasifier service include austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, nickel-chromium-iron alloys, and expensive nickel-cobalt alloys. The primary activity this period was preparation and presentation of the findings on this project at the Twenty-Third annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference. Dr. Malhotra attended this conference and presented a paper. A copy of his presentation constitutes this quarterly report.
Effect of mass perturbations on the LA mode of polymers: Surface bromination of polyethylene crystals (1980)

Abstract Bromine atoms have been attached to the surface of polyethylene single crystals and the effect of these surface masses on the longitudinal acoustic mode has been determined. As the amount of bromine is increased, the LA mode peak frequency decreases and the bandwidth increases. The observed peak frequency decrease is in good agreement with values calculated from the composite rod model.
Expression of integrin family of cell adhesion receptors in rheumatoid synovium. Alpha 6 integrin subunit in normal and hyperplastic synovial lining cell layer. (1993)

Integrins are heterodimeric cell adhesion receptors. The beta 1 integrin subunit can be in a complex with multiple a subunits and form receptors for collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin. We have characterized the distribution of eight integrin subunits in rheumatoid synovium, with special interest in the lining cell layer. The beta 1 integrin subunit was found in abundance in synovial stroma and in lining cells. The only alpha subunit seen constantly in lining cells was alpha 6. In complex with alpha beta subunit, alpha 6 forms a laminin receptor usually seen in epithelial or endothelial cells or in macrophages. The fact that laminin was found in the extracellular matrix around synovial cells suggests the importance of alpha 6 integrin in the adhesion of synovial lining cells. Furthermore, alpha 6 expression was noticeably weaker in strongly proliferative lining cell layers, indicating that the inflammatory process may regulate integrin expression. A potential connection between altered expression of cell adhesion receptors and the pathological behavior of rheumatoid lining cells is suggested.
Distortion Management in a BLI Inlet Diffuser using Synthetic-Jet Hybrid Flow Control (2011)

Flow distortion in a 5% scale model of a blended-wing-body (BWB) offset diffuser is mitigated at high subsonic speeds (up to M = 0.55) using integrated hybrid actuators comprised of tandem configurations of passive (vanes) and active (synthetic jets) flow control elements. The inlet flow of the model diffuser is conditioned to mimic the inlet flow of an airborne BWB offset diffuser by implementation of a novel boundary layer ‘fence’. It is shown that flow distortion at the engine face is reduced by each of the passive and active elements, and the reduction is even more significant when both actuation approaches are implemented concurrently over the entire range of test Mach numbers. Hybrid actuation yields overall distortion reduction of 35% at the design flow condition (M = 0.55) using a control system that is both fail safe and does not require an external air supply.
Flow-Excited Acoustic Resonance Vibration Mitigation of Reactor Inlet Piping by a Perforated Annulus (2019)

Abstract Piping vibration had been observed in one of our refinery’s reactor inlet piping for several decades. Vibration levels in inlet piping for reactor ‘D’ and ‘E’ were highest, relative to those in reactor ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’. To cope with the vibration, design changes to small-bore branch connections had been implemented to reduce susceptibility to the vibration. A recent increase in production demand made the vibration levels more evident and a production constraint was imposed after an MOV gas seal failure. Analysis identified the root-cause as flow-excited acoustic resonance of (almost) coaxial closed side branches in the flow path. The selected vibration mitigation solution involved installing a perforated annulus in the main line, in front of the mouth of the (almost) coaxial closed side branch acoustic resonator. Before fabricating and installing the perforated annulus, it was decided to evaluate its expected performance by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural stress finite element analysis (FEA). This paper gives an account of the selection of the perforated annulus as the preferred vibration mitigation solution and its evaluation by means of high-performance computing CFD and FEA. The CFD and FEA analysis showed that the perforated annulus would perform as intended and mitigate the piping vibration. The perforated annulus was fabricated and installed in the inlet piping for reactor ‘D’. Piping vibration was observed to be mitigated, even when flowing above the design rate. The perforated annulus vibration mitigation solution was replicated in the inlet piping for reactor ‘E’. The production constraint has since been lifted.
Alternative syntheses of 2α,3α,17β-trihydroxy-7-oxa-B-homo-5α-androstan-6-one and some androstane brassinolide analogs (1987)

The title compound XVI was synthesized from III, IV or V . Related compounds X, XIII, XVI, XVIII, XXIII, XXIV, XXVII, XXVIII, XXXV, XXXVI, XLI , and XLIII were also prepared and tested by bean second internode bioassay. They showed only low activity (by about 2-3 orders or even lower than 24-epibrassinolide).
Optimal Event-Triggered Control of Nondeterministic Linear Systems (2019)

We consider an event-triggered controller synthesis problem to replace the continuous feedback policy with an intermittent feedback policy for a nondeterministic linear system. An event-triggered framework communicates the measurement to the controller only at certain discrete time instances which are generated by an event generator. The objective of this paper is to synthesize an optimal-event generator and controller pair such that the state trajectory of the event-triggered system mimics that of the feedback system with arbitrary precision. The optimality is in the sense that the least number of state measurements are sent to the controller in order to compute the control signal. The results of this paper show that such an optimal event-triggered controller retains the linear structure when the continuous feedback controller is linear; and the optimal event generator follows a threshold-based policy, where the event generator decides to send the state measurement to the controller every time a certain signal exceeds that threshold. Finally, the similar framework was extended for a controller synthesis of infinite horizon.The structural properties of the optimal event-triggered controller and event generator remain unchanged when extended to an infinite horizon.
α- and β-Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Evoke Different Cellular Behaviours (2011)

α-Phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has chains of zero dipole moments and is, therefore, nonpiezoelectric, while β-phase PVDF has the most significant piezoelectric properties among the polymorphs due to its polar chains. Although many reports describe PVDF as a suitable biomaterial due to its stability and biocompatibility, few considered the specific effects that the different polymorphs exert on cellular behaviour. We hypothesized that α- and β-phase PVDF will exert direct but different influences on cell attachment and metabolic activity. PVDF films were fabricated using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) by solvent casting. Samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Films containing 83.5% α-phase PVDF (DMF-PVDFα) and 91.4% of β-phase PVDF (HMPA-PVDFβ within the crystalline regions were produced and used to evaluate in vitro attachment and metabolic activity of L929 cells. Cell metabolic activity on both PVDF conformations increased 3-fold over the 1-week culture period, with higher cell metabolic activity observed on DMF-PVDFα on day 5 of culture, compared to HMPA-PVDFβ. Cells grown on DMF-PVDFα were well-spread, flat and expressed spotted paxillin in focal adhesions that were mainly localized to perinuclear regions of the cells, while a high proportion of cells on HMPA-PVDFβ were bulging, round and expressed relatively fewer paxillin spots. Our results suggest that α-phase PVDF supports higher cell metabolic activity and better cell spreading compared to β-phase PVDF. Such variations can potentially be exploited for different biomedical applications.
New Strength Based Model for the Debonding of Discontinuous Fibers in an Elastic Matrix (1991)

Peer Reviewed
EXTH-53. TUMOR TREATING FIELDS LEADS TO CHANGES IN MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY AND INCREASED PENETRATION BY ANTI-GLIOMA DRUGS (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Efforts are underway to uncover novel, unorthodox therapies against glioblastoma (GBM). Tumor treating fields (TTFields) disrupt mitotic spindle formation and stymie proliferation in tumor cells. Combining TTFields with Withaferin A, synergistically inhibited proliferation in GBM. We wished to uncover the relevant mechanism. METHODS Human and murine GBM cells (GBM2, GBM39, U87-MG, KR158B) were isolated from primary tumors. Cells were engineered to stably express firefly luciferase (fLuc). Proliferation was assessed by bioluminescence imaging (using D-Luciferin as a substrate for fLuc) or cell counting. Dextran-FITC binding and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were used to probe effects on cellular membranes. RESULTS TTFields (200 kHz, 4 V/cm) significantly inhibited growth of cells (n=3/time point, p≤0.02; 2-way ANOVA, no TTFields vs. TTFields). Combination of Withaferin A with TTFields significantly inhibited growth of glioma cells synergistically beyond that of Withaferin A or TTFields alone (p&lt; 0.01, at least n=3 experiments). Bioluminescence imaging suggested alterations in membrane configuration when cancer cells were exposed to TTFields. This was validated with observations of greater fluorescence of membrane-associating Dextran-FITC to U87-MG cells that were subjected to TTFields (p&lt; 0.01, 2-way ANOVA, TTFields vs. no TTFields, n=3 experiments). SEM revealed significantly greater and larger number of holes on the membrane surface of TTFields-exposed U87-MG cancer cells (53.5±19.1 holes per field of view and mean size=240.6±91.7 nm2) compared to unexposed cells (23.9±11.0 holes per field of view and mean size=129.8±31.9 nm2, p&lt; 0.005: TTFields exposed vs. non-exposed, n=3 samples, univariate Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION The findings suggest a novel combinatorial approach to treat GBM in a manner that is better than single treatment (drug or TTFields) alone and that is synergistic. Synergy is achieved through TTFields inducing increased permeability on membranes thus conferring greater accessibility to drug. Such a strategy is thus a promising candidate for future clinical translation in glioblastoma.
Structural Balance Considerations for Networks with Preference Orders as Node Attributes (2022)

We discuss possible definitions of structural balance conditions in a network with preference orderings as node attributes. The main result is that for the case with three alternatives ($A,B,C$) we reduce the $(3!)^3 = 216$ possible configurations of triangles to $10$ equivalence classes, and use these as measures of balance of a triangle towards possible extensions of structural balance theory. Moreover, we derive a general formula for the number of equivalent classes for preferences on $n$ alternatives. Finally, we analyze a real-world data set and compare its empirical distribution of triangle equivalence classes to a null hypothesis in which preferences are randomly assigned to the nodes.
Scaling Trends and Tradeoffs between Short Channel Effect and Channel Boosting Characteristics in Sub-20 nm Bulk/Silicon-on-Insulator NAND Flash Memory (2012)

The scaling trends and limitation in sub-20 nm a bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) NAND flash memory is studied by the three-dimensional (3D) device simulation focusing on short channel effects (SCE), channel boost leakage and channel voltage boosting characteristics during the program-inhibit operation. Although increasing punch-through stopper doping concentration is effective for suppressing SCE in bulk NAND cells, the generation of junction leakage becomes serious. On the other hand, SCE can be suppressed by thinning the buried oxide (BOX) in SOI NAND cells. However, the boosted channel voltage decreases by the higher BOX capacitance. It is concluded that the scaling limitation is dominated by the junction leakage and channel boosting capability for bulk and SOI NAND flash cells, respectively, and the scaling limit is decreased to 9 nm using SOI NAND flash memory cells from 13 nm in bulk NAND flash memory cells.
뜬 마이크로 디바이스를 이용한 Ge-Si x Ge 1-x Core-Shell Nanowires 의 열전도율 측정 (2015)

나노선에서 코어-셸 헤테로 구조를 도입함으로써 열 전도율을 낮출 수 있으며, 이로 인해 열전 효율(ZT)을 향상시킬 수 있다는 것이 이론 연구를 통해 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 코어-셸 나노선의 열전도율 감소를 실험적인 방법을 통해 확인하였다. 화학증기 증착법을 통해 만든 게르마늄-규소 x 게르마늄 1-x (Ge?Si x Ge 1-x ) 코어-셸 나노선의 열전도율을 마이크로 크기의 뜬 디바이스를 이용하여 측정하였다. 셸에서 측정된 실리콘의 함유율(x)는 0.65 로 확인하였으며, 게르마늄은 코어와 셸 사이에서, 격자 불일치(lattice mismatch)에서 비롯된 결점(defect)와 같은 역할을 한다. 또한, 4-point I-V 측정실험에, 휘트스톤 브릿지 실험을 추가 진행함으로써 측정 민감도를 강화하였다. 측정된 열전도율은 상온에서 9~13 W/mK 으로써, 비슷한 지름을 가지는 게르마늄 나노선과 비교하였을 때, 열전도율이 약 30 % 낮아졌음을 확인하였다.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autistic Traits, and Substance Use Among Missouri Adolescents (2013)

This study confirms previous research showing an increased risk of SU among adolescents with ADHD. It also provides new information indicating that adolescents with high levels of autistic traits are at elevated risk for alcohol and tobacco use if they have comorbid ADHD; in addition, they may be at high risk for other drug use, even if they do not have comorbid ADHD. Therefore, it should not be assumed that adolescents with mild to moderate ASD have a low risk of SU, especially if ADHD is also present.
A stochastic evaluation of available transfer capability (2005)

The available transfer capability (ATC) between two buses determines the maximum additional power that can be transmitted in an interchange schedule between the specified buses. The ATC changes probabilistically due to the stochastic nature of power system equipment availability and power system loads. An evaluation of the stochastic behavior of the ATC is important for an assessment of the ATC. The ATC is determined by power flow study subject to transmission system limits. These phenomena are nonlinear in behavior. Linearization can be used to estimate line flows in a power flow study model. This paper proposes a method of finding the stochastic ATC using a linear Gaussian transformation of line power flow statistical moments into ATC statistical moments. The probability density function of the ATC is approximated using a Gram Charlier type A series. The evaluation is illustrated for the IEEE 118 bus system. The results are an approximate evaluation of the probability density of the ATC; and its expectation.
On the feasibility of elastic wave visualization within polymeric solids using magnetic resonance elastography (2004)

In this paper, the feasibility of extending previously described magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) dynamic displacement (and associated elasticity) measurement techniques, currently used successfully in tissue, to solid materials which have much higher shear rigidity and much lower nuclear spin densities, is considered. Based on these considerations, the MRE technique is modified in a straightforward manner and used to directly visualize shear wave displacements within two polymeric materials, one of which is relatively stiff.
Copolymerization parameters of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid (1981)

Abstract The relative reactivity of acrylic acid is known to be influenced by the polymerization medium. Nonetheless, the more commonly used reactivity ratios do not show this dependence because they were calculated from low‐conversion polymerizations. We have studied the copolymerization of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate in a number of non‐hydrogen‐bonding and hydrogen‐bonding solvents. We found that the acrylic acid fraction in the copolymer was larger when copolymerized in a non‐hydrogen‐bonding medium and that the methyl methacrylate fraction was larger when copolymerized in a hydrogen‐bonding medium. The precise reactivity ratios were reported when toluene, benzene, isopentyl, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl formate, and tert ‐butyl alcohol were used as the polymerization medium. The values were obtained by chromatographic analysis of residual monomer, followed by computation based on the nonlinear, least‐squares technique of Tidwell and Mortimer.
Identification of Phase of MnSi1.7 Powder Prepared by Gas Atomization (2005)

The phase characterization of N2-gas-atomized Mn-Si powder was examined by comparing with those of an ingot and mechanically milled (MM) powder. The atomized powder showed single phase of MnSi1.7. A small amount of MnSi phase was precipitated by annealing at high temperature. The results shows that the atomizing process is very effective to obtain the single phase of MnSi1.7 compared to other processes. The MM powder from MnSi1.7 ingot also showed single phase of MnSi1.7. A MnSi phase was precipitated on the MM powder by 743 K-0 s annealing. On the other hand, the atomized powder preserved MnSi1.7 single phase after same annealing. Precipitation of MnSi phase was observed after 1000 K-0 s annealing on the atomized powder.
Discrepancies in central review re-testing of patients with ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer in the OPTIMA prelim randomised clinical trial (2017)

Central re-testing of receptor status of invasive breast cancers in the UK NHS setting shows a high level of reproducibility in categorising tumours as ER-positive and HER2-negative, and raises questions regarding the cost effectiveness and clinical value of central re-testing in this sub-group of breast cancers in this setting.
Circadian clock cryptochrome proteins regulate autoimmunity (2017)

The circadian system regulates numerous physiological processes including immune responses. Here, we show that mice deficient of the circadian clock genes <i>Cry1</i> and <i>Cry2</i> [<i>Cry</i> double knockout (DKO)] develop an autoimmune phenotype including high serum IgG concentrations, serum antinuclear antibodies, and precipitation of IgG, IgM, and complement 3 in glomeruli and massive infiltration of leukocytes into the lungs and kidneys. Flow cytometry of lymphoid organs revealed decreased pre-B cell numbers and a higher percentage of mature recirculating B cells in the bone marrow, as well as increased numbers of B2 B cells in the peritoneal cavity of <i>Cry</i> DKO mice. The B cell receptor (BCR) proximal signaling pathway plays a critical role in autoimmunity regulation. Activation of <i>Cry</i> DKO splenic B cells elicited markedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins compared with cells from control mice, suggesting that overactivation of the BCR-signaling pathway may contribute to the autoimmunity phenotype in the <i>Cry</i> DKO mice. In addition, the expression of <i>C1q</i>, the deficiency of which contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, was significantly down-regulated in <i>Cry</i> DKO B cells. Our results suggest that B cell development, the BCR-signaling pathway, and <i>C1q</i> expression are regulated by circadian clock CRY proteins and that their dysregulation through loss of CRY contributes to autoimmunity.
Current single event effect test results for candidate spacecraft electronics (2002)

We present both proton and heavy ion single event effect (SEE) ground test results for candidate spacecraft electronics. A variety of digital and analog devices were tested, including EEPROMs, DRAMs, and DC-DC converters.
Time Evolution of Surface Relief Structures in Thin Block Copolymer Films (2007)

The dynamics of early stage of terrace formation in thin supported films of cylinder forming triblock copolymers was studied both theoretically using self-consistent-field theory (DSCFT) and experimentally by in-situ scanning force microscopy (SFM). In experiment, an initially flat film of incommensurable thickness was imaged continuously, and the evolution of a vertical orientation of cylinders into a parallel one as well as the respective development of thickness gradient (terrace formation) was captured in detail. On the grounds of these experimental observations, the parameters of the computational model A3B12A3 were determined to match the structures in experiment. Both systems show excellent agreement in details of structural phase transitions and in the dynamics of the step development, suggesting that the underlying transport mechanisms are governed by diffusion. The early stage of terrace formation is characterized by the development of the step height up to 80% of its equilibrium value and associated reorientation of cylindrical domains.