gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Survey for the Fire Ant Microsporidia <I>Vairimorpha invictae</I> and <I>Thelohania solenopsae</I> in Southern South America, with Observations on Their Field Persistence and Prevalence of Dual Infections (2006)

Abstract The exploration for the fire ant diseases Vairimorpha invictae Jouvenaz and Ellis (Microsporidia: Burenellidae) and Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen, and Hazard (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) was conducted from 2001 to 2005 in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia, and Brazil. A total of 2,064 colonies were sampled from 262 sites. Three sites with high prevalence of pathogens were monitored periodically for the persistence of the infections. V. invictae occurred at 12% of the sites and in 10% of the colonies. Except for one infected colony in Bolivia, its distribution was restricted to the eastern part of the region surveyed. The highest occurrence was in Santa Fe Province. T. solenopsae presented a much wider distribution. It occurred at 25% of the sites and in 13% of the colonies. The highest occurrence was in Buenos Aires Province. This is the first report of T. solenopsae in the northwest, in the west, in central Argentina, and in Bolivia, and infecting S. interrupta (Santschi). Simultaneous infections were found at 4% of the sites and in 2.2% of the colonies. The periodical examination revealed high infection levels in most occasions. The prevalence of T. solenopsae ranged from 10 to 90% of the colonies, V. invictae from 0 to 60%, and dual infections from 0 to 50%. Each microsporidium exhibited a characteristic enzootic/epizootic wave. Successive epizootic levels observed in both infections provide a more constant pressure against fire ant populations. These diseases are promising classical biological control agents of the imported fire ants in the United States.
Chemical-enzymic synthesis of 5'-thio-N-acetyllactosamine: the first disaccharide with sulfur in the ring of the non-reducing sugar (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical-enzymic synthesis of 5'-thio-N-acetyllactosamine: the first disaccharide with sulfur in the ring of the non-reducing sugarHideya Yuasa, Ole Hindsgaul, and Monica M. PalcicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 14, 5891–5892Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00040a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00040a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Measurement Precision and Accuracy of T<sub>1</sub> Mapping Using Polarity Corrected (PC) TI Prep Tool (2018)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement precision and accuracy of T<sub>1</sub> mapping using a polarity corrected (PC) TI prep tool, which was based on fast field echo (FFE) and obtained one data point with one inversion recovery (IR) pulse. A phantom was used consisting of eight materials with different Gd concentrations. T<sub>1</sub> mappings were measured by changing the trigger interval and the inversion time (TI) interval. The T<sub>1</sub> mapping measurement precision using the PC TI prep tool increased as the trigger interval was made longer. The measurement precision didn't depend on the interval of TI. On the other hand, when the trigger intervals are more than 1000 ms, the measurement accuracy was less than approximately 8%. By setting the optimal end of TI, the T<sub>1</sub> mapping using a PC TI prep tool could measure the T<sub>1</sub> value precisely and accurately.
Rational Function Based Model for the Joint Mitigation of I/Q Imbalance and PA Nonlinearity (2013)

Nonlinearity in power amplifiers and In-phase and Quadrature phase (I/Q) imperfections degrade the performance of direct conversion transmitters. In this letter, a novel rational function based model is proposed to jointly alleviate both these impairments. The performance of the model is evaluated in terms of Normalized mean square error (NMSE) and Adjacent channel error power ratio (ACEPR). Simulation results and measurements show that the model has an improvement of around 2 dB NMSE and around 3 dB in ACEPR than the state of the art parallel Hammerstein based model <citerefgrp xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <citeref refid="ref4"/></citerefgrp> . Also the model attains a lower complexity while maintaining almost same performance.
The Effects of 20-kDa Human Placental GH in Male and Female GH-deficient Mice: An Improved Human GH? (2020)

A rare 20K isoform of GH-V (here abbreviated as GHv) was discovered in 1998. To date, only 1 research article has characterized this isoform in vivo, observing that GHv treatment in male high-fat fed rats had several GH-like activities, but unlike GH lacked diabetogenic and lactogenic activities and failed to increase IGF-1 or body length. Therefore, the current study was conducted to further characterize the in vivo activities of GHv in a separate species and in a GH-deficient model (GH-/- mice) and with both sexes represented. GHv-treated GH-/- mice had significant increases to serum IGF-1, femur length, body length, body weight, and lean body mass and reduced body fat mass similar to mice receiving GH treatment. GH treatment increased circulating insulin levels and impaired insulin sensitivity; in contrast, both measures were unchanged in GHv-treated mice. Since GHv lacks prolactin receptor (PRLR) binding activity, we tested the ability of GH and GHv to stimulate the proliferation of human cancer cell lines and found that GHv has a decreased proliferative response in cancers with high PRLR. Our findings demonstrate that GHv can stimulate insulin-like growth factor-1 and subsequent longitudinal body growth in GH-deficient mice similar to GH, but unlike GH, GHv promoted growth without inhibiting insulin action and without promoting the growth of PRLR-positive cancers in vitro. Thus, GHv may represent improvements to current GH therapies especially for individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome or PRLR-positive cancers.
Modulating Metal−Organic Frameworks To Breathe: A Postsynthetic Covalent Modification Approach (2009)

Postsynthetic covalent modification of a metal-organic framework (MOF) is shown to activate "breathing" behavior upon adsorption of certain gases. The findings reported suggest that chemical modification can be used to trigger, tune, and control the flexibility of MOFs in an unprecedented fashion. By manipulation of MOF breathing and flexibility, the development of new MOFs with selective gas adsorption properties may be realized.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hardcopy, and Graphic Arts (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
New isolate from Salvinia molesta with antioxidant and urease inhibitory activity (2021)

Urease plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis pyelonephritis, urinary catheter encrustation, hepatic coma, hepatic encephalopathy, and peptic acid duodenal ulcers. Salvinia molesta was explored to identify new bioactive compounds with particular emphasis on urease inhibitors. The aqueous methanol extract was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity. A series of column chromatography and later HPLC were performed on butanol extract. The structures of the resulting pure compounds were resolved using NMR (1D and 2D), infrared, and mass spectroscopy. The novel isolate was evaluated for antioxidant activity (using DPPH, superoxide anion radical scavenging, oxidative burst, and Fe<sup>+2</sup> chelation assays), anti-glycation behavior, anticancer activity, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and urease inhibition. One new glucopyranose derivative 6'-O-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4'-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-α/β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and four known glycosides were identified. Glycoside 1 demonstrated promising antioxidant potential with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 48.2 ± 0.3, 60.3 ± 0.6, and 42.1 ± 1.8 μM against DPPH, superoxide radical, and oxidative burst, respectively. Its IC<sub>50</sub> in the Jack bean urease inhibition assay was 99.1 ± 0.8 μM. The mechanism-based kinetic studies presented that compound 1 is a mixed-type inhibitor of urease with a K<sub>i</sub> value of 91.8 ± 0.1 μM. Finally, molecular dynamic simulations exploring the binding mode of compound 1 with urease provided quantitative agreement between estimated binding free energies and the experimental results. The studies corroborate the use of compound 1 as a lead for QSAR studies as an antioxidant and urease inhibitor. Moreover, it needs to be further evaluated through the animal model, that is, in vivo or tissue culture-based ex-vivo studies, to establish their therapeutic potential against oxidative stress phosphodiesterase-II and urease-induced pathologies.
Mechanisms of gas exchange with different gases during constant-flow ventilation (1990)

To investigate the mechanisms responsible for the difference in gas exchange during constant-flow ventilation (CFV) when using gases with different physical properties, we used mixtures of 70% N2-30% O2 (N2-O2) and 70% He-30% O2 (He-O2) as the insufflating gases in 12 dogs. All dogs but one had higher arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) with He-O2 compared with N2-O2. At a flow of 0.37 +/- 0.12 l/s, the mean PaCO2's with N2-O2 and He-O2 were 41.3 +/- 13.9 and 53.7 +/- 20.3 Torr, respectively (P less than 0.01); at a flow rate of 0.84 +/- 0.17 l/s, the mean PaCO2's were 29.1 +/- 11.3 and 35.3 +/- 13.6 Torr, respectively (P less than 0.01). The chest was then opened to alter the apposition between heart and the lungs, thereby reducing the extent of cardiogenic oscillations by 58.4 +/- 18.4%. This intervention did not significantly alter the difference in PaCO2 between N2-O2 and He-O2 from that observed in the intact animals, although the individual PaCO2 values for each gas mixture did increase. When the PaCO2 was plotted against stagnation pressure (rho V2), the difference in PaCO2 between N2-O2 and He-O2 was nearly abolished in both the closed- and open-chest animals. These findings suggest that the different PaCO2's obtained by insufflating gases with different physical properties at a fixed flow rate, catheter position, and lung volume result mainly from a difference in the properties of the jet.
Experimental Support for the Primary Stereoelectronic Effect Governing Baeyer−Villiger Oxidation and Criegee Rearrangement (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTExperimental Support for the Primary Stereoelectronic Effect Governing Baeyer−Villiger Oxidation and Criegee RearrangementRichard M. Goodman and Yoshito KishiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 36, 9392–9393Publication Date (Web):August 26, 1998Publication History Received23 June 1998Published online26 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982188ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982188grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2586Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Enones,Genetics,Oxidation,Oxides,Rearrangement Get e-Alerts
Multiplexable Intrinsic Fabry-Perot Cavities using Femtosecond Laser Inscribed Scattering Centers (2020)

We propose a fabrication technique to multiplex Intrinsic Fabry-Perot Cavity sensors using femtosecond laser induced Rayleigh scattering centers. Up to 20 sensors were multiplexed and demodulated using a fast white-light interferometry demodulation algorithm.
Treatment of intraocular proliferations with intravitreal steroids. (1979)

Autotransplantation of 250,000 tissue cultured fibroblasts from rabbit rump skin into the vitreous cavity results in intravitreal strand formation and traction retinal detachment (27 of 47 eyes, 57%). A single intravitreal injection of 1 mg of dexamethasone alcohol inhibits fibroblast growth as judged by the significantly reduced number of retinal detachments (11 of 46 eyes, 24%).
Effect of surface treatment on the fatigue strength of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy (2020)

Different alloys can be used for Additive Manufacturing (AM) with good structural strength. Among the titanium alloys, Ti6Al4V is the most used, especially for aerospace applications. There have been many analyses of the mechanical properties of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V with very good static strength results in general. However, there are still some difficulties to get fatigue properties close enough to the ones of specimens manufactured using traditional processes Considering the high effect of surface roughness on the fatigue strength of&nbsp; AM specimens, this work deals with the effect produced by some surface treatments on the fatigue properties. Five treatments have been used for comparison. All specimens were annealed previously to reduce residual stresses, as well as sand blasted to reduce the roughness. The treatments considered are: 1) no treatment after annealing and sand blasting; 2) shot peening; 3) shot peening plus Chemical Assisted Surface Enhancement (CASE); 4) laser shock peening, and 5) HIP. After fatigue testing, a comparison of the results has been carried out. It was found that laser peening produced the best results, followed by shot peening plus CASE and shot peening, with the lowest strength produced by HIP as well as just sand blasting after thermal treatment.
Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection: The Elucidation of the Pathophysiology and the Development of Therapeutic Methods (2021)

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a disease where Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected T- or NK-cells are activated and proliferate clonally. The symptoms of this dual-faced disease include systemic inflammation and multiple organ failures caused by the invasion of infected cells: inflammation and neoplasm. At present, the only effective treatment strategy to eradicate EBV-infected cells is allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Lately, the investigation into the disease's pathogenic mechanism and pathophysiology has been advancing. In this review, I will evaluate the new definition in the 2017 WHO classification, present the advancements in the study of CAEBV, and unfold the future direction.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Amination with Tritylamine as an Ammonia Equivalent: Efficient Preparation of the 5‐(4‐(((9‐Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) amino)methyl)‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenoxy)val eric Acid (PAL) Handle for Peptide Synthesis. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of Composition x on the Refractive Index of NixO (2017)

Epitaxial Ni x O thin films were grown on c ‐plane (0001) sapphire substrates by ion beam sputtering (IBS) of a Ni metal target in a mixed argon and oxygen atmosphere. The composition of the film was varied systematically by varying the O 2 :Ar ratio in the IBS process. Structural characterization was carried out by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. All the Ni x O samples grew (111)‐oriented out‐of‐plane and with a defined two‐fold in‐plane orientation relationship relative to the crystalline substrate. The surface morphologies of the samples were very similar. The chemical bonding information of the films was examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing that the composition x could be varied in a wide range of x ≈ 0.9 to 1.5. Optical characterization yielded a strong dependence of the spectral dispersion of the refractive index and the band gap of Ni x O on composition for this otherwise structurally very similar series of samples. The dependence of the refractive index of Ni x O on composition x contributes significantly to the wide range of values reported for Ni x O in literature.
Use of the Shadow Optical Method of Caustics to Predict Fatigue Crack Growth in Compression (1992)

The shadow optical method of caustics has been applied to the measurement of the bulging out of the surface of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 in the vicinity of a blunt notch in a single edge notch tensile sample after a compression overload and during compression fatigue. The size and shape of the caustic were found to be sensitive functions of the amount of elastic and plastic strain in the vicinity of the notch. Examination of the caustic during application and after release of the overload shows the elastic zone to be larger and more circular than the plastic zone, as predicted. A crack was propagated through the plastic zone using only far-field cyclic compression loading: the crack was self-arresting at the edge of the elasticplastic boundary created by the initial compression overload. The size of the plastic zone as measured by the caustic was found to agree with the maximum length of the crack. The actual surface profile in the vicinity of the notch was measured and its shape was used along with geometrical arguments to develop a model for interpretation of the caustics results. These results indicate that the caustics technique can be used to detect the presence of a plastic zone at the tip of a notch after a compressive overload, and that the size of this zone as measured by caustics is approximately equal to the size as determined by subsequent fatigue crack propagation.
Thermomechanical cyclic loading and fatigue life characterization of nickel rich NiTi shape-memory alloy actuators (2008)

Within the last decade, the development of compact SMA actuators has led to the design of smart structures such as the Variable Geometry Chevron (VGC), designed by Boeing engineers. The chevrons are aerodynamic devices actuated by SMA beam actuators and placed along the trailing edge of a jet engine to provide noise reduction. The SMA actuators are clamped on an elastic substrate that provides a biasing force allowing repeated one-way shape memory effect under cyclic thermal actuation. In this work, a comprehensive characterization of thermally induced fatigue behavior of nickel-rich NiTi SMA actuators subject to different constant applied stresses is presented. The influence of various parameters is studied in order to assess the fatigue behavior of nickel-rich NiTi, namely: two heat treatments, two heat treatment environments, three fatigue test specimen thicknesses and four stress levels. The purpose of this thermomechanical fatigue study is to evaluate the shape recovery stability, the influence of large applied stresses, the amount of permanent deformation and the resulting failure mechanisms. Fatigue limits of ~ 5,000 to ~ 60,000 cycles were found for applied stress levels ranging from 250 MPa to 100 MPa.
The Effect of Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligaments and Humeral Repair Site on Joint Laxity: A Biomechanical Study (2013)

Medium HAGL lesions are unlikely to show significant increases in joint translation, and repair of large HAGL lesions should be achieved with anchors placed in the humeral neck if possible.
Prediction of lattice energy of benzene crystals: A robust theoretical approach (2020)

We present an inexpensive and robust theoretical approach based on the fragment molecular orbital methodology and the spin-ratio scaled second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory to predict the lattice energy of benzene crystals within 2 kJ⋅mol<sup>-1</sup> . Inspired by the Harrison method to estimate the Madelung constant, the proposed approach calculates the lattice energy as a sum of two- and three-body interaction energies between a reference molecule and the surrounding molecules arranged in a sphere. The lattice energy converges rapidly at a radius of 13 Å. Adding the corrections to account for a higher correlated level of theory and basis set superposition for the Hartree Fock (HF) level produced a lattice energy of -57.5 kJ⋅mol<sup>-1</sup> for the benzene crystal structure at 138 K. This estimate is within 1.6 kJ⋅mol<sup>-1</sup> off the best theoretical prediction of -55.9 kJ⋅mol<sup>-1</sup> . We applied this approach to calculate lattice energies of the crystal structures of phase I and phase II-polymorphs of benzene-observed at a higher temperature of 295 K. The stability of these polymorphs was correctly predicted, with phase II being energetically preferred by 3.7 kJ⋅mol<sup>-1</sup> over phase I. The proposed approach gives a tremendous potential to predict stability of other molecular crystal polymorphs.
Non-diffractive Acoustic Radiation Force Push Sequence for Shear Wave Viscoelastography (2021)

Accoustic in-homogeneities within biological tissues are known to degrade image quality in elastography. Previous work has demonstrated the potential of Bessel apodized acoustic radiation force (ARF) beams in elasticity reconstructions. Bessel offers advantages, such as enlarged depth-of-field (DOF) and high diffractive immunity over conventionally focused pushes. In this study, we demonstrate Bessel ARF's ability to generate broader bandwidths for phase velocity recovery. Performance was evaluated against matched supersonic shear imaging (SSI) experiments on commercial and custom viscous phantoms. Bessel's ability to “heal”, after being disrupted by an obstacle makes it a potential candidate for developing better phase reconstruction in the presence of heterogeneity.
Predictive value of initial computerized tomography scan, intracranial pressure, and state of autoregulation in patients with traumatic brain injury (2006)

Patients with severe TBI who have early loss of autoregulation have a worse prognosis. Mean ICP values in patients with diffuse TBI cannot be predicted by using the Marshall CT scan classification.