gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avian Influenza Virus (H11N9) in Migratory Shorebirds Wintering in the Amazon Region, Brazil (2014)

Aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for avian influenza viruses (AIV). Habitats in Brazil provide stopover and wintering sites for water birds that migrate between North and South America. The current study was conducted to elucidate the possibility of the transport of influenza A viruses by birds that migrate annually between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In total, 556 orotracheal/cloacal swab samples were collected for influenza A virus screening using real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The influenza A virus-positive samples were subjected to viral isolation. Four samples were positive for the influenza A matrix gene by rRT-PCR. From these samples, three viruses were isolated, sequenced and characterized. All positive samples originated from a single bird species, the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), that was caught in the Amazon region at Caeté Bay, Northeast Pará, at Ilha de Canelas. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation of H11N9 in the ruddy turnstone in South America.
Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals common regulatory mechanisms between effector‐ and PAMP‐triggered immunity in plants (2018)

Plant immunity consists of two arms: pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), induced by surface-localized receptors, and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), induced by intracellular receptors. Despite the little structural similarity, both receptor types activate similar responses with different dynamics. To better understand phosphorylation events during ETI, we employed a phosphoproteomic screen using an inducible expression system of the bacterial effector avrRpt2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, and identified 109 differentially phosphorylated residues of membrane-associated proteins on activation of the intracellular RPS2 receptor. Interestingly, several RPS2-regulated phosphosites overlap with sites that are regulated during PTI, suggesting that these phosphosites may be convergent points of both signaling arms. Moreover, some of these sites are residues of important defense components, including the NADPH oxidase RBOHD, ABC-transporter PEN3, calcium-ATPase ACA8, noncanonical Gα protein XLG2 and H<sup>+</sup> -ATPases. In particular, we found that S343 and S347 of RBOHD are common phosphorylation targets during PTI and ETI. Our mutational analyses showed that these sites are required for the production of reactive oxygen species during both PTI and ETI, and immunity against avirulent bacteria and a virulent necrotrophic fungus. We provide, for the first time, large-scale phosphoproteomic data of ETI, thereby suggesting crucial roles of common phosphosites in plant immunity.
A Modular Access to 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Disubstituted Cyclobutylboronic Esters by Consecutive Radical Additions (2021)

Abstract A modular approach to substituted cyclobutylboronic esters is described. It proceeds by successive intermolecular radical additions of xanthates to pinacolato 1‐cyclobutenylboronate and to pinacolato bicyclo[1.1.0]but‐1‐ylboronate. Success hinges on tuning the stability of the α‐boryl radical by exploiting the stabilizing influence of the trivalent boronic ester and the slightly destabilizing cyclobutane, which increases the σ‐character of the radical. Reductive removal of the xanthate group finally provides a range of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐disubstituted cyclobutylboronic esters. The contrast with cyclopropylboronic esters is striking, since the strong destabilization by the highly strained cyclopropane ring allows the first radical addition to take place but not the second. Furthermore, the first adducts are geminal xanthyl boronic esters that can be converted into cyclobutanones. This chemistry furnishes cyclobutylboronic esters that would be quite difficult to obtain otherwise and thus complements existing methods.
Electrode State of Health Estimation for Lithium Ion Batteries Considering Half-cell Potential Change Due to Aging (2020)

Estimation of electrode state of health (eSOH) is essential to understanding battery degradation status in detail. This is accomplished by considering electrode capacity and a utilization range as eSOH parameters. In this paper, we propose a novel combination of two eSOH estimation approaches (i.e. voltage fitting and differential voltage analysis). By utilizing peak information in the differential voltage curve, the proposed method can separate individual electrode's contributions from the full-cell voltage. This separation allows the proposed method to identify changes in the positive electrode half-cell potential curve and to calibrate the aged half-cell potential function by refitting the coefficient of the basis functions. A comparison between the conventional voltage fitting method and the proposed method for an aged NMC/graphite cell shows that the proposed method can significantly reduce the voltage fit error while matching the location of distinct peaks in the differential voltage curve that the conventional method fails to do.
A comparison of multilevel structured query language (SQL) implementations (2002)

The current commercial multilevel secure (MLS) database management system (DBMS) products provide extensions to SQL to support multilevel database applications. However, the DBMS vendors have implemented a variety of mechanisms that are both difficult to understand and ineffective in addressing a number of application concerns. The paper documents and compares the SQL extensions for Informix Online/Secure, Trusted Oracle, Trusted Rubix, and Sybase Secure SQL server. Based on the vendors' current implementations, we have developed recommendations for an MLS SQL standard that would support interoperability both among the MLS DBMS products and with standard SQL client applications. We have also analyzed the vendors' approaches to polyinstantiation and signaling channels; our recommendations include improved support for cover stories and better control of inherent signaling channels.
Phosphorescence Lifetime Microscopy of Oxygen (2015)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. A. Vinogradov and T. V. Esipova, "Phosphorescence Lifetime Microscopy of Oxygen," in Optics in the Life Sciences, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2015), paper OT4D.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The interaction of CO 2 with amines as molecular control factor in catalytic processes (2014)

The present thesis deals with the interaction of CO2 and amines as molecular control factor to influence different kinds of selectivities in various catalytic processes. The reversibility of the Lewis acid-base reaction between CO2 and amines has been applied in numerous reaction and separation processes and chapter I gives a short overview of the different areas. Up to date this interaction has not been used to steer the selectivity of a reaction and in this context, switchable solvents are applied in the selective homogeneous hydrogenation to steer the chemoselectivity in chapter II. The interaction between CO2 and amine was ensured by using the switchable solvent system of DBU and 1-hexanol. This switchable solvent system was characterised in detail in order to obtain a deeper insight on its effects in the reaction. Different homogeneous rhodium-complexes were evaluated as catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene and the presence of various bases on the selectivity towards cyclohexene was investigated. As a result, the rhodium-complex [Rh(cod)(dppp)]BF4 was selected for further studies including concentration profiles, mechanistic considerations and catalyst recycling in the switchable solvent system. In chapter III, switchable ligands for the control of coordination geometries in catalysis are discussed. These ligands are guanidine substituted triphenylphosphines, which can interact with CO2 in presence of an alcohol. The synthesis of these ligands is described and the interaction between the ligands, 1-hexanol and CO2 is investigated using high-pressure NMR spectroscopy. The largest interaction was found between the meta-substituted ligand. The influence of the switchable ligands on the regioselectivity in the rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation of 1-octene was tested, where the influence of the substituted position (ortho, meta or para) and different alcohols on the selectivity were evaluated. In chapter IV, switchable catalysts were used for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates derived from styrene oxide and epoxy derivatives from oleo origin. The reaction of styrene oxide with CO2 in presence of switchable catalysts based on DBU and 1-hexanol was tested and an optimisation of the reaction conditions was performed. To investigate the influence of the catalysts on the stereoselectivity, the conversion of different epoxy oleo chemicals into cyclic carbonates with simple halide catalysts and switchable catalysts was tested. A clear switch in the product distribution of cis- and trans-cyclic carbonates could be observed with the different catalysts. A detailed evaluation - including mechanistic and stereochemical considerations - was done.
Isocomplestatin:  Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision (2005)

A Pd-mediated method for preparation of the strained macrocyclic moiety of complestatins is disclosed. Through stereoselective synthesis of model macrocycles and the S atropisomer of complestatin, the stereochemical identity of the anti-HIV agent complestatin is established. Investigations described herein illustrate that the compound previously reported as isocomplestatin is the same as complestatin. Thus, the S atropisomer of complestatin is the true isocomplestatin and has not been isolated as a natural product.
Modeling and design optimization of hole-assisted lightguide fiber by full-vector finite element method (2002)

The full-vector finite element method with perfectly matched layer has realized accurate modeling of chromatic dispersion and bending loss of the hole-assisted lightguide fiber for the first time. Optimal design for large anomalous dispersion fiber is also presented.
Probing Charge Transfer between Shells of Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Sorted by Outer‐Wall Electronic Type (2011)

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) with outer metallic (M) or semiconducting (S) shells were sorted by density-gradient ultracentrifugation and examined by Raman spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry. The combination of sorting and the selection of appropriate laser excitation energies allowed the disentanglement of the effects of different variations of the electronic type (M or S) of the inner and outer tubes in DWCNTs on the doping behavior and charge transfer between the inner and outer walls. Charge transfer from the outer tube to the inner tube occurs only if the electronic states of the outer tube are filled with electrons or holes, and if these filled states are higher in energy than those of the inner tube. Therefore, each combination of inner and outer tube (i.e., inner@outer: M@M, M@S, S@M, and S@S) exhibits a distinct behavior. The potential needed to observe the effects of charge transfer between the inner and outer tubes is found to increase in the following order: M@M < S@M < M@S < S@S.
MaxPHOS Ligand: PH/NH Tautomerism and Rhodium‐ Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenations (2014)

Abstract MaxPHOS is an active and robust P‐stereogenic ligand for asymmetric catalysis. The presence of an NH bridge between the two phosphine moieties allows the NH/PH tautomerism to take place. The neutral ligand, in which the NH form predominates, is an air‐sensitive compound. However, protonation of MaxPHOS leads to the stable PH form of the ligand, in which the overall positive charge is distributed on both P centers. This protonation turns the MaxPHOS⋅HBF 4 salt 3 into an air‐stable compound both in the solid state and in solution. The salt 3 is also a convenient precursor for the preparation of rhodium(I) complexes by direct ligand exchange with the complex [Rh(acac)(cod)]. Finally, the corresponding rhodium(I)‐MaxPHOS complex was tested in the asymmetric hydrogenation of a wide range of substrates. The complex proved to be a highly selective and robust system in these reactions. magnified image
Dendritic Cells Stimulated withActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansElicit Rapid Gamma Interferon Responses by Natural Killer Cells (2004)

Human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) responses are gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) dependent, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) promote IgG2 production. DCs spontaneously emerge from monocytes in cultures prepared from localized aggressive periodontitis (LagP) patients, and these patients have high levels of IgG2 that is reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. These results prompted the hypothesis that an interaction between mDCs and A. actinomycetemcomitans promotes IFN-gamma production, and IFN-gamma is known to promote both immunopathology and protective IgG2. A. actinomycetemcomitans induced mDCs to produce interleukin-12 (IL-12), and the addition of A. actinomycetemcomitans and DCs to cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes elicited high levels of IFN-gamma within just 24 h. In contrast, IL-4 was not detectable although DC-derived IL-10 production was apparent. A. actinomycetemcomitans-stimulated macrophages prepared from the same monocytes lacked the ability to induce IL-12 or IFN-gamma responses. NK cells of the innate immune system were the primary source of this early IFN-gamma, although CD8 T cells also contributed some. The NK cell-derived IFN-gamma was IL-12 dependent, and A. actinomycetemcomitans-DC interactions were Toll-like receptor 4 dependent. A. actinomycetemcomitans and A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were more potent than Escherichia coli and E. coli LPS in the ability to induce DC IL-12 and IFN-gamma. The ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans-stimulated DCs to induce NK cells to rapidly produce IFN-gamma in the absence of detectable IL-4 suggests their potential for skewing responses toward Th1. This may help explain the presence of Th1-associated cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from LagP patients and the high levels of IgG2 in their serum and GCF that is reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Magnetoresistive Random Access Memories for Space and Radiation-Hardened Applications (2021)

Magneto-resistive Random Access Memories (MRAMs) are of interest for space and radiation-hardened electronics applications, based on solid-state form factor, non-volatility, radiation hardness, modularity, reliability, scalability, fault tolerance, support for mission assurance, small size, low mass, and low power consumption. MRAMs provide higher bit storage densities and other advantages with respect to preceding space-qualified non-volatile magnetic solid-state memory technologies, such as magnetic plated wire memories and magnetic core memories. Honeywell has QML-qualified 16Mb single-chip package (SCP) and 64Mb multi-chip module (MCM) toggle MRAM products; and is developing products to scale towards and then beyond gigabit SCP and gigabyte MCM STT-MRAMs to offer long life (>15 years), unlimited write and read endurance (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cycles), unlimited data retention (>15 years), non-destructive readback, fast write and read cycle times (<50 ns), radiation hardness (>1Mrad(Si)), and low error rates (<10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> errors/bit/day at geosynchronous orbit at solar minimum with 100 mils of Al shielding) across a broad temperature range (-40 °C to +125 °C).
Power allocation and bit loading for spatial multiplexing in MIMO systems (2004)

The power assignment problem is important for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems to achieve high capacity. Although this problem is solved by the well-known water filling (WF) algorithms, this does not provide an optimal solution if the system is constrained to a fixed raw bit error rate threshold and to discrete modulation orders. An approximate approach, called QoS based WF, is proposed to solve the power assignment problem with such constraints. It is shown to outperform quantization of the conventional water filling solution and a well known bit loading algorithm (Chow's algorithm) used in digital subscriber lines (DSL).
LitR of Vibrio salmonicida Is a Salinity-Sensitive Quorum-Sensing Regulator of Phenotypes Involved in Host Interactions and Virulence (2012)

Vibrio (Aliivibrio) salmonicida is the causal agent of cold-water vibriosis, a fatal bacterial septicemia primarily of farmed salmonid fish. The molecular mechanisms of invasion, colonization, and growth of V. salmonicida in the host are still largely unknown, and few virulence factors have been identified. Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system known to regulate virulence and other activities in several bacterial species. The genome of V. salmonicida LFI1238 encodes products presumably involved in several QS systems. In this study, the gene encoding LitR, a homolog of the master regulator of QS in V. fischeri, was deleted. Compared to the parental strain, the litR mutant showed increased motility, adhesion, cell-to-cell aggregation, and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the litR mutant produced less cryptic bioluminescence, whereas production of acylhomoserine lactones was unaffected. Our results also indicate a salinity-sensitive regulation of LitR. Finally, reduced mortality was observed in Atlantic salmon infected with the litR mutant, implying that the fish were more susceptible to infection with the wild type than with the mutant strain. We hypothesize that LitR inhibits biofilm formation and favors planktonic growth, with the latter being more adapted for pathogenesis in the fish host.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthetic Approach to the (20S)‐Camptothecin Family of Antitumor Agents by a Regiocontrolled Cascade Radical Cyclization of Aryl Isonitriles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectrum for Private Networks: Challenges and Opportunities—A Case Study Based on Danish Regulation (2022)

This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities for assigning spectrum for private 5G networks, with particular emphasis on the 3.5 GHz band and regulation issued by the Danish spectrum authority Energistyrelsen. We are chiefly interested in the dilemma between providing sufficient and clean spectrum for a private network versus ensuring that high network density can be supported. Indoor and outdoor scenarios are considered, and the performance impact of interference on different levels of service availability are investigated. We develop and propose new solutions for enhanced spectrum regulation options leveraging native 5G features, such as bandwidth part, to support denser outdoor and indoor deployments that can enhance best effort traffic and simultaneously protect spectrum for critical and delay sensitive traffic. System-level simulations show that our proposals can protect critical services and significantly increase the capacity per network in dense deployments.
Creating frog heart as an organ: in vitro-induced heart functions as a circulatory organ in vivo (2010)

Cardiomyocytes have been induced from various pluripotent cells, such as embryonic stem cells and myeloid stem cells; however, the generation of cardiac tissues beyond two-dimensional cell-sheets has not been reported. Creating higher order, three-dimensional structures that are unique to heart is the long-awaited next step in realizing cardiac regenerative medicine. We have previously shown that cardiomyocytes can be induced in vitro from undifferentiated cells (animal caps) excised from Xenopus embryos. Cardiomyocytes were induced by first dissociating the animal caps and then reaggregating them following treatment with activin. Here, we describe an interesting method for creating a complete ectopic heart in vivo, involving the introduction of in vitro-created tissue during early embryogenesis. Thus, animal cap reaggregates were transplanted into the abdomen of late-neurula-stage embryos, resulting in two-chambered hearts being formed. The dual-heart larvae matured into adult animals with transplanted hearts intact. Involvement of transplanted hearts in systemic circulation was demonstrated. Moreover, the ectopic hearts possessed higher order structures such as atrium and ventricle, and were morphologically, histologically, and electrophysiologically identical to original hearts. This system should facilitate the study of heart organogenesis and may promote a shift from tissue to organ engineering for clinical applications.
Scintillator-based Photon Counting Detector: Is it feasible? (2016)

By utilizing finely pitched scintillator arrays where the scintillator has high atomic number and density, fast decay time, and high light output, realizing a scintillator-based Photon Counting Detector (PCD) is conceptually feasible. Fabrication of fine-pitched scintillator arrays however, has been the bottleneck for realizing such detectors. Combining the novel scintillator fabrication technique called laser-induced optical barriers (LIOB) where optical barriers can be placed inside a transparent crystal and act as a reflector without removing the material, with laser ablation, we are now able to overcome the obstacles for developing scintillator-based PCD. In this regard, we are developing an LYSO-based PCD where the LYSO crystal is laser pixelated to sub-mm pixels. The scintillator array will be coupled to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) where each ASIC pixel has built-in photodiode, amplifiers and 3-4 energy windows and their associated counters. We have simulated light transport for different scenarios where the crystal is pixelated by a combination of LIOB and laser cut techniques, where the 2 mm thick crystal is first pixelated by LIOB to a depth and then the rest is pixelated by the ablation technique. We also simulated the fraction of collected light in the same scintillator pixel by modeling various surface properties of the pixel cuts as well as optical barrier surface roughness and refractive index (RI). Simulation results show that up to ~70% of the scintillation light will be contained in the same pixel when only using the LIOB technique with barrier refractive index of 1.0. These results suggest that laser processed arrays can potentially change the paradigm in PCD development as they can replace the traditional array production and thus allow for scintillator-based PCD development in a more robust and cost-effective manner.