gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Residual Renal Function in Hemodialysis Patients (2011)

The role of residual renal function (RRF) in the health and quality of life of both pre-dialysis and dialysis patients is equally important and now well established (Termorshuizen, Korevaar et al, 2003). RRF plays an important role in maintaining fluid balance, phosphorus control, and removal of uremic toxins in dialysis patients. The importance of RRF in hemodialysis (HD) patients is less well appreciated and it is believed that RRF declined rapidly in HD patients (Morduchowicz, Winkler et al, 1994; Wang, Woo, et al, 2005). Decline of RRF also contributed significantly to anemia, inflammation, and malnutrition in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (Wang, Sea et al, 2001; Pecoits-Filho, Heimburger et al, 2003; Pecoits-Filho, Heimburger et al, 2002; Wang, Wang et al, 2004). More importantly, RRF has also been shown to be a powerful predictor of mortality, especially in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) (Bargman, Thorpe et al, 2001; Brener, Thijssen et al, 2011; Maiorca, Brunori et al, 19951). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by isotope clearance is considered to be the standard measure of renal function. Other tests, such as serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea clearance, an average of the creatinine and urea clearances, and urine volume have been used to assess RRF in chronic kidney disease (Levey, 1990). Despite its limitations, urine volume, the simplest measure of RRF, has been correlated to GFR in studies and most authors defined loss of RRF as urine volume < 200 ml/24 hours (Moist, Port et al, 2000). Urine collections (24 hours for PD, interdialytic for HD) to measure urea and/or creatinine clearance usually done at beginning of chronic dialysis and every 1-3 months in patients with RRF. In this chapter, we will review available data that have shown a positive impact of RRF on the survival and quality of life of dialysis patients, and outline the current strategies to preserve RRF in PD and HD patients.
Experiments on Frequency Error Compensation Using Synchronization Channel in OFDM Radio Access (2009)

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of frequency error compensation provided by demodulation automatic frequency control (AFC) using the Synchronization Channel (SCH) in downlink OFDM radio access. The implemented OFDM receiver compensates for the frequency error caused by the difference in frequency between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) using a time-division multiplexed SCH signal and that caused by the Doppler shift generated by the mobility of a user using reference signals with staggered multiplexing. Experimental results show that even when the standard oscillator frequency of the UE cannot be made to track the more accurate frequency of a BS, demodulation AFC can suppress the residual frequency error to a sufficiently low level, i.e., within 0.3ppm, using the SCH so that the degradation in the block error rate of the physical broadcast channel control signals is slight, i.e., within approximately 0.1dB, with respect to the case without frequency error for speeds greater than 350km/h.
Detecting Mastication (2015)

We explore using the Outer Ear Interface (OEI) to recognize eating activities. OEI contains a 3D gyroscope and a set of proximity sensors encapsulated in an off-the-shelf earpiece to monitor jaw movement by measuring ear canal deformation. In a laboratory setting with 20 participants, OEI could distinguish eating from other activities, such as walking, talking, and silently reading, with over 90% accuracy (user independent). In a second study, six subjects wore the system for 6 hours each while performing their normal daily activities. OEI correctly classified five minute segments of time as eating or non-eating with 93% accuracy (user dependent).
Field Emission Characteristics from Si Emitter Formed by Focused Ion Beams. (2000)

The field emission characteristics from an n-type Si field emitter formed by focused ion beams (FIB) milling process were investigated. The n-type Si emitter was sharpened by circularly scanned Ga+ ions to reduce the radius apex to about 10 nm. The emission characteristics from the emittr were strongly affected by the annealing temperature. The slope of Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) plots and pre-exponential factor of F-N equation were small without annealing process. Both of them increased remarkably with increases in the annealing temperature. The F-N plots of the emitter annealed at 670°C showed slight saturation tendency at high applied voltage region, which was commonly observed from p-type Si emitter. After field evaporation of the emitter surface, the slope of the F-N plots had an inclination to become a linear.
Airborne transmission of invasive fusariosis in patients with hematologic malignancies (2018)

From 2006 to 2013, an increasing incidence of fusariosis was observed in the hematologic patients of our University Hospital. We suspected of an environmental source, and the indoor hospital air was investigated as a potential source of the fungemia. Air samplings were performed in the hematology and bone marrow transplant (BMT) wards using an air sampler with pre-defined air volumes. To study the molecular relationship among environmental and clinical isolates, 18 Fusarium spp. recovered from blood cultures were included in the study. DNA sequencing of a partial portion of TEF1α gene was performed for molecular identification. Molecular typing was carried out by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) using a four-gene scheme: TEF1α, rDNA, RPB1 and RPB2. One hundred four isolates were recovered from the air of the hematology (n = 76) and the BMT (n = 28) wards. Fusarium isolates from the air were from five species complexes: Fusarium fujikuroi (FFSC, n = 56), Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC, n = 24), Fusarium solani (FSSC, n = 13), Fusarium chlamydosporum (FCSC, n = 10), and Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC, n = 1). Fifteen Fusarium isolates recovered from blood belonged to FSSC, and three to FFSC. MLST identified the same sequence type (ST) in clinical and environmental isolates. ST1 was found in 5 isolates from blood and in 7 from the air, both identified as FSSC (Fusarium petroliphilum). STn1 was found in one isolate from blood and in one from the air, both identified as FFSC (Fusarium napiforme). F. napiforme was isolated from the air of the hospital room of the patient with fungemia due to F. napiforme. These findings suggested a possible clonal origin of the Fusarium spp. recovered from air and bloodcultures. In conclusion, our study found a diversity of Fusarium species in the air of our hospital, and a possible role of the air as source of systemic fusariosis in our immunocompromised patients.
Durability of response to VGX-3100 treatment of HPV16/18 positive cervical HSIL (2020)

VGX-3100 is an investigational DNA-based immunotherapy being developed as an alternative to surgery and ablation for cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) with the aim of preserving reproductive health while treating precancerous disease. Response durability up to 1.5 y following dosing is now reported.Histologic regression and HPV16 and/or HPV 18 (HPV16/18) clearance were previously demonstrated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and reported for 6 months after the last dose of VGX-3100 or placebo. The presence of HPV16/18, Pap smear diagnoses, and immunogenicity longer-term responses were assessed at 18 months after the last dose.91% (32/35) VGX-3100-treated women, whose cervical HSIL regressed and avoided excision at 6 months following study treatment completion, had no detectable HPV16/18 at 18 months following treatment completion. These results were comparable to those for women who received placebo and then later underwent surgery. For VGX-3100 recipients who regressed at 6 months following study treatment completion and avoided excision during the trial, Pap testing showed no HSIL recurrence at 18 months following VGX-3100 treatment. VGX-3100-induced cellular immune responses specific for HPV 16/18 E6/E7 remained higher than for placebo control recipients at 18 months.In women with cervical HSIL who responded to VGX-3100 and were able to avoid surgery, clinical outcomes were comparable to the placebo control group which underwent conventional surgical treatment. These findings extend the understanding of the durability of the treatment effect of VGX-3100 up to 1.5 y and support that VGX-3100 could be used as an alternative to surgery.
High performance MOS varactor SPICE model (2002)

A model is for presented a three-terminal MOS varactor for RF applications. The accuracy of the MOS varactor model is demonstrated by comparing simulation and measured device data at room and high temperatures. The relative mean error of the S-parameters between the measured and simulated data are less than 4%.
Thermopower and Unconventional Nernst Effect in the Predicted Type-II Weyl Semimetal WTe2 (2018)

WTe<sub>2</sub> is one of a series of recently discovered high mobility semimetals, some of whose properties are characteristic of topological Dirac or Weyl metals. One of its most interesting properties is the unsaturated giant magnetoresistance that it exhibits at low temperatures. An important question is the degree to which this property can be ascribed to a conventional semimetallic model in which a highly compensated, high mobility metal exhibits large magnetoresistance. Here, we show that the longitudinal thermopower (Seebeck effect) of semimetallic WTe<sub>2</sub> exfoliated flakes exhibits periodic sign changes about zero with increasing magnetic field that indicates distinct electron and hole Landau levels and nearly fully compensated electron and hole carrier densities. However, inconsistent with a conventional semimetallic picture, we find a rapid enhancement of the Nernst effect at low temperatures that is nonlinear in magnetic field, which is consistent with Weyl points in proximity to the Fermi energy. Hence, we demonstrate the role played by the Weyl character of WTe<sub>2</sub> in its transport properties.
Abstract 229: Follistatin-like 1 Protects Heart From Post-infarction Rupture by Modulating Fibrogenesis (2015)

Rationale: Stress injured heart secretes several cardiokines, including Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1). Fstl1 is a member of SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) family. Fstl1 is strongly overexpressed in ischemic lesion and secreted to blood circulation in acute coronary syndrome. However, roles and mechanisms of Fstl1 in acute myocardial infarction have not been elucidated yet. Methods and results: To assess Fstl1 expression after myocardial infarction (MI), C57BL6 WT mice were underwent LAD permanent ligation. Heart and serum Fstl1 protein levels were increased after day 1 and peaked at 7 days after MI. Immunohistochemistry revealed that fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were the major Fstl1 expressing cells in infarcted area and border zone. However, neither cardiomyocytes nor leukocytes (neutrophil, macrophage) produced Fstl1. Fstl1 deleted mice in fibroblasts lineage (Fstl1-CKO mice) were generated by S100a4cre+/- xFstl1flox/flox mice. S100a4cre-/- xFstl1flox/flox mice were used as control. Fstl1 protein overexpression after MI was reduced 50% in Fstl1-CKO mice heart compared to control mice. Mortality rate after MI was significantly higher in Fstl1-CKO mice than control mice (50%;15 of 30 vs 34.8%; 8 of 23, respectively, log-rank test p=0.031). The majority of causes of death were cardiac rupture in acute period. Cardiac function, blood pressure and severity of inflammation were comparable between Fstl1-CKO and control mice. However, amount of myofibroblasts in Fstl1-CKO heart was significantly less than control mice. Overexpression of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen and fibronectin) in infarcted area was also diminished in Fstl1-CKO mice. Autocrine and paracrine functions of Fstl1 for fibroblasts were assessed in vitro study. Endogenous Fstl1 protein in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFBs) was knocked down by siRNA fstl1. Migratory activity of NRCFBs was attenuated by Fstl1 ablation. Moreover, Fstl1 augmented TGF-β1 activated Smad2/3 signaling pathway in vivo and vitro. Conclusions: Increased Fstl1after MI prevents heart from cardiac rupture. This study revealed a novel function of Fstl1, promotes extracellular matrix generation to repair infarcted lesion.
Supplementary Table 2 from <i>miR-152</i> Is a Tumor Suppressor microRNA That Is Silenced by DNA Hypermethylation in Endometrial Cancer (2023)

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Ruthenium trisbipyridine as a candidate for gas‐phase spectroscopic studies in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer (2004)

Metal polypyridines are excellent candidates for gas‐phase optical experiments where their intrinsic properties can be studied without complications due to the presence of solvent. The fluorescence lifetimes of [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 1+ trapped in an optical detection cell within a Fourier transform mass spectrometer were obtained using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization to generate the ions with either 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) or sinapinic acid (SA) as matrix. All transients acquired, whether using DHB or SA for ion generation, were best described as approximately exponential decays. The rate constant for transients derived using DHB as matrix was 4×10 7 s −1 , while the rate constant using SA was 1×10 7 s −1 . Some suggestions of multiple exponential decay were evident although limited by the quality of the signals. Photodissociation experiments revealed that [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 1+ generated using DHB can decompose to [Ru(bpy) 2 ] 1+ , whereas ions generated using SA showed no decomposition. Comparison of the mass spectra with the fluorescence lifetimes illustrates the promise of incorporating optical detection with trapped ion mass spectrometry techniques.
Realistic Yield Simulation for VLSIC Structural Failures (1987)

This paper presents a methodology for determining the probability of structural failures for VLSI circuits. An analytically based approach is used to perform simulations accurately and efficiently. This approach considers the specific IC layout and accounts for most of the fault mechanisms caused by global geometrical variations and local defects. A hierarchical model is proposed to describe the defect statistics including clustering. Strict analytical methods are used to find probabilities of failure for simple layout patterns. Then, the probability of failure for macrocells are calculated hierarchically. This methodology has been implemented in a CAD tool called RYE (Realistic Yield Evaluator). To demonstrate the effectiveness of this tool, the simulation results of several examples and the CPU time comparisons with Monte Carlo methods are also presented in this paper.
Noninvasive and Highly Multiplexed Five-Color Tumor Imaging of Near-Infrared Resonant Surface-Enhanced Raman Nanoparticles In Vivo (2020)

In vivo multiplexed imaging aims for noninvasive analysis of multiple tumor biomarkers. While most of the preclinical imaging has provided a number of multiplexing channels up to three, Raman imaging with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles was suggested to offer higher multiplexing capability originating from their narrow spectral width. However, the multiplexed Raman imaging is still in its infancy for visualizing tumors with both sufficient multiplicity and high sensitivity concurrently. Here we create multispectral palettes of gold core-near-infrared (NIR) resonant Raman dyes-silica shell SERS (NIR-SERRS) nanoparticles, which provide both the high multiplicity and fluorescence-comparable sensitivity. With the NIR-SERRS nanoparticle palettes, we demonstrate noninvasive and five-plex ratiometric Raman imaging of tumors in living mice. Furthermore, we perform noninvasive and longitudinal imaging of the five-color nanoparticles in the tumors, which is not feasible with current ex vivo multiplexing platforms, demonstrating great potential for noninvasive assessment of multiple biological targets within tumors.
Unit-by-Unit Process of Bi2Sr2CuOy Film Growth with Molecular Beam Epitaxy by Separated Evaporation/Oxidation/Crystallization Technique (1992)

Thin films of Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO y were grown with MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) by the separated evaporation/oxidation/crystallization technique on a MgO (100) substrate. The proposed technique is the unit-by-unit process consisting of three steps: multilayer deposition of (Bi-Sr-Cu-Sr-Bi)×2, low-temperature oxidation (300°C) in low concentration O 3 (O 2 /O 3 (0.3%)) atmosphere (5×10 -5 Torr) and crystallization (750°C, 1×10 -8 Torr). After growth of ten units, clear streaks on the RHEED pattern showing the twin structure and a fairly fine X-ray diffraction pattern were observed.
A limitation of channel length in dynamic memories (1980)

Effects of the channel length on the memory retention characteristics of MOS dynamic RAM (dRAM) cell are studied experimentally by evaluating three different n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon-gate n-channel samples which contain six different channel lengths. A marked decrease of the memory holding time, which results from the subthreshold current, has been observed with decreasing channel length, gate oxide thickness, and substrate doping density in these n-channel samples with n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon gate. In an n-channel structure with p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon gate, the surface potential of the channel increases thus suppressing the surface subthreshold current particularly in a device having a thin oxide layer. A p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon-gate n-channel dRAM cell having an effective channel length of 0.5 µm has been observed to hold its charge up to 96 s at room temperature for the substrate bias of-4 V, while the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon-gate n-channel dRAM cell having the same structure exhibits a memory holding time of 6 ms at the same substrate bias voltage. This paper introduces a new dynamic RAM cell, i.e., the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon-gate n-channel cell having a buried p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> region along the channel and the storage region. This new device having an effective channel length of 0.2 µm has been demonstrated theoretically to show satisfactory retention characteristics. In this very-short-channel structure, the MOS transistor behaves as a MOSSIT. In addition, it has been demonstrated theoretically that the new dynamic RAM cell has the capability of reducing soft errors due to alpha-particle irradiation.
Use of the Elective Replacement Indicator in Predicting Time of Automatic Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Battery Depletion (1989)

The elective replacement indicator (ERI) of an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) is intended to be utilized as strict criteria for the appropriate timing of pulse generator replacement. The manufacturer's newest recommendations suggest replacement within 3 months post-ERI attainment and this applies to both AID-B units and the latest Ventak models currently being implanted with expectations or increased battery longevity. Twelve patients with the AID-B model were prospectively evaluated in regard to (a) time from attainment of ERI to generator exchange and (b) total battery life with respect to the presence or absence of spontaneous discharges. In the overall group, the ERI was reached at 18.9 +/- 3.9 months (mean +/- standard deviation). The time from ERI attainment to generator exchange due to battery depletion was 8.1 +/- 5.1 months, and total battery life was 27.3 +/- 3.1 months. In the group with spontaneous discharges, the duration of time (months) post-ERI to generator exchange was 5.7 +/- 2.6 but was 11.4 +/- 6.1 in the others (P = 0.052); battery life was 25.7 +/- 2.4 and 29.4 +/- 2.7, respectively (P = 0.03). We conclude that the current ERI recommendation seems overly conservative in planning generator exchange for patients without the occurrence of spontaneous discharges and appropriate for patients with such discharges.
Coherent Quantum Control of Silicon Vacancy Spins in Diamond with Surface Acoustics (2019)

We use surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to drive coherent Rabi oscillations of individual silicon vacancy (SiV) spins. Rabi frequencies as high as 48 MHz are obtained with 4 mW total input power. Ramsey interferometry is used to measure a spin coherence of 29 ns at 5.8 Kelvin.
Quick and dirty (2014)

Capturing data is a key part of archaeological practice, whether for preserving records or to aid interpretation. But the technologies used are complex and expensive, resulting in time-consuming processes associated with their use. These processes force a separation between ongoing interpretive work and capture. Through two field studies we elicit more detail as to what is important about this interpretive work and what might be gained through a closer integration of capture technology with these practices. Drawing on these insights, we go on to present a novel, portable, wireless 3D modeling system that emphasizes 'quick and dirty' capture. We discuss its design rational in relation to our field observations and evaluate this rationale further by giving the system to archaeological experts to explore in a variety of settings. While our device compromises on the resolution of traditional 3D scanners, its support of interpretation through emphasis on real-time capture, review and manipulability suggests it could be a valuable tool for the future of archaeology.
Calculating buoy response for a wave energy converter—A comparison of two computational methods and experimental results (2017)

When designing a wave power plant, reliable and fast simulation tools are required. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software provides high accuracy but with a very high computational cost, and in operational, moderate sea states, linear potential flow theories may be sufficient to model the hydrodynamics. In this paper, a model is built in COMSOL Multiphysics to solve for the hydrodynamic parameters of a point-absorbing wave energy device. The results are compared with a linear model where the hydrodynamical parameters are computed using WAMIT, and to experimental results from the Lysekil research site. The agreement with experimental data is good for both numerical models.