gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Toxicokinetics of MMB4 DMS in Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, and Monkeys Following Single and Repeated Intramuscular Administration (2013)

1,1'-Methylenebis[4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-pyridinium] (MMB4) dimethanesulfonate (DMS) is a bisquaternary pyridinium aldoxime that reactivates acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus nerve agent. Time courses of MMB4 concentrations in plasma were characterized following 7-day repeated intramuscular (IM) administrations of MMB4 DMS to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, New Zealand White rabbits, beagle dogs (single dose only), and rhesus monkeys at drug dose levels used in earlier toxicology studies. In general, there were no significant differences in MMB4 toxicokinetic (TK) parameters between males and females for all the species tested in these studies. After a single IM administration to rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys, MMB4 DMS was rapidly absorbed, resulting in average T max values ranging from 5 to 30 minutes. Although C max values did not increase dose proportionally, the overall exposure to MMB4 in these preclinical species, as indicated by area under the curve (AUC) extrapolated to the infinity (AUC∞) values, increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner. The MMB4 DMS was extensively absorbed into the systemic circulation after IM administration as demonstrated by greater than 80% absolute bioavailability values for rats, rabbits, and dogs. Repeated administrations of MMB4 DMS for 7 days did not overtly alter TK parameters for MMB4 in rats, rabbits, and monkeys (150 and 300 mg/kg/d dose groups only). However, C max and AUC values decreased in monkeys given 450 and 600 mg/kg IM doses of MMB4 DMS following repeated administrations for 7 days. Based on the TK results obtained from the current study and published investigations, it was found that the apparent volume of distribution and clearance values were similar among various preclinical species, except for the rat.
Injection and transport of bacteria in nanotube–vesicle networks (2008)

The microinjection of bacteria (the MG1655 strain of E. coli) into unilamellar lipid vesicles contained in surface-immobilized nanotube-vesicle networks is demonstrated. The density of bacteria can be controlled from a single bacterium up to several thousands of bacteria per injected vesicle. The bacteria retain flagellar motion and propulsion. The bacteria (approximately 2 × 0.8 μm) cannot escape from one vesicle to another as the size of the nanotubes is too small (∼200 nm in diameter) to allow for entry. Bacteria can, however, be moved from one vesicle to another in a nanotube-vesicle network by using Marangoni flows. Thus, single or several species can be transferred to a neighboring vesicle at will. The technique offers new possibilities for live matter functionalization into synthetic host networks, and may provide means for studying the effect of compartmentalization and perfusion of chemical species on a single bacterium. Furthermore, it may serve as an experimental model to study how vesicle-encapsulated bacteria evade destruction in macrophages or how bacteria surf along thin membrane nanotubes toward connected macrophage cell bodies.
Designing Photonic Topological Insulators with Quantum-Spin-Hall Edge States using Topology Optimization (2019)

Designing photonic topological insulators is highly non-trivial because it requires inversion of band symmetries around the band gap, which was so far done using intuition combined with meticulous trial and error. Here we take a completely different approach: we consider the design of photonic topological insulators as an inverse design problem and use topology optimization to maximize the transmission through an edge mode with a sharp bend. Two design domains composed of two different, but initially identical, C$_\text{6v}$-symmetric unit cells define the geometrical design problem. Remarkably, the optimization results in a photonic topological insulator reminiscent of the shrink-and-grow approach to quantum-spin-Hall photonic topological insulators but with notable differences in the topology of the crystal as well as qualitatively different band structures and with significantly improved performance as gauged by the band-gap sizes, which are at least 50 \% larger than previous designs. Furthermore, we find a directional beta factor exceeding 99 \%, and very low losses for sharp bends. Our approach allows for the introduction of fabrication limitations by design and opens an avenue towards designing PTIs with hitherto unexplored symmetry constraints.
Inter-operator interference coordination for co-primary spectrum sharing in UDN (2015)

Co-primary spectrum sharing for multiple operators has been utilized to fully explore the spectrum resources and thus improve the spectrum efficiency. The inter-operator interference (IOI) problem should be seriously considered in order to achieve the mentioned target, especially under the scenario of the ultra-dense network (UDN) in the fifth generation (5G) wireless systems. To solve this problem, we propose an asymmetrical power levels based soft IOI coordination mechanism. The shared spectrum pool is consisted of three separated parts, where each part can be dynamically adjusted according to the minimal spectrum demand from each operator. Furthermore, different power masks are configured to different parts for each operator. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can improve the network spectrum efficiency significantly.
A lagrangian formulation of nonholonomic path following. (1997)

We address the problem of following an unknown planar contour with a nonholonomic vehicle based on visual feedback. The control task is to keep a point of the vehicle as close as possible to the contour for a choice of norm. A camera mounted on-board the vehicle provides measurements of the contour. We formulate the problem and compute the control law in a moving reference frame modeling the evolution of the contour as seen by an observer sitting on the vehicle. The result is an on-line path planning strategy and a predictive control law which leads the vehicle to land softly on the unknown curve. Depending on the choice of the tracking criterion, the controller can exhibit non-trivial behaviors including automatic manouvering. 1 Introduction In this paper we consider the problem of tracking an unknown contour by a nonholonomic vehicle, using visual feedback. This is a fundamental problem in autonomous navigation. The contour to be followed may be the boundary of some unknown obstacle...
Calculation of Intensity Distribution in the Vibrational Structure of Electronic Transitions: The B 3Π+u—X 1Σ+g Resonance Series of Molecular Iodine (1964)

Franck—Condon overlap integrals have been calculated which predict within experimental error the intensity distribution of the sixty measured lines in the visible fluorescence spectrum of molecular iodine, B 3Π0+u(v′ = 15, 16, or 26)→X 1Σ0+g(v″ = 0 to 69). Rydberg—Klein—Rees potentials were used for both electronic states, and exact vibrational eigenfunctions were obtained by direct numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation, including vibration—rotation interaction. The electronic transition moment was assumed to be independent of internuclear distance. Overlap integrals derived in the same way for Morse potentials fail to give even qualitative agreement with experiment for lines with v″≳10. Because of the rapid oscillation of the vibrational wavefunctions for high v′ and v″, a shift in the potential of only 0.002 Å is found to alter appreciably the calculated intensity distribution; thus the agreement obtained provides a very severe test of the RKR potentials and the Franck—Condon principle. The radiative lifetime of the B state has also been calculated from the absolute intensity of a single line and the integrated intensity of the band system, and the results compare favorably with direct lifetime measurements.
Monitoring and Modeling the Anaerobic Digestion of Manure with qPCR in a Mesophilic Anaerobic Digester (2008)

Monitoring and Modeling the Anaerobic Digestion of Manure with qPCR in a Mesophilic Anaerobic DigesterIncreasing costs of energy and growing concerns about groundwater and air pollution from the land application of manure have re-focused attention on the digestion of manures as a sustainable source of methane. To improve understanding about the performance of a mesophillic, modifiedplug flow (PF) digester fed with cattle manure, samples were collected at various reactor locations and analyzed by...Author(s)Zachary ScottBetty H. OlsonSteve EsmondNasrin MalekiJan ScherfigSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 8: Advancing DigestionDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2008ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20080101)2008:17L.534;1-DOI10.2175/193864708788735682Volume / Issue2008 / 17Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)534 - 553Copyright2008Word count162
Marine Natural Products as Novel Antioxidant Prototypes (2003)

Pure natural products isolated from marine sponges, algae, and cyanobacteria were examined for antioxidant activity using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) solution-based chemical assay and a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) cellular-based assay. The DCFH system detects only antioxidants that penetrate cellular membranes. Potent antioxidants were identified and the results from each system compared. The algal metabolites cymopol (1), avrainvilleol (3), and fragilamide (4), and the invertebrate constituent puupehenone (5) showed strong antioxidant activity in both systems. Several compounds were active in the DPPH assay but significantly less active in the DCFH system. The green algal metabolite 7-hydroxycymopol (2) was isolated from Cymopolia barbataand its structure determined. Compound 2 was significantly less active in the DCFH system than cymopol (1). The sponge metabolites (1S)-(+)-curcuphenol (6), aaptamine (7), isoaaptamine (8), and curcudiol (9) and the cyanobacterial pigment scytonemin (10) showed strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, but were relatively inactive in the DCFH system. Thus, cellular uptake dramatically affects the potential significance of antioxidants discovered using only the DPPH assay. The apparent "proantioxidants" hormothamnione A diacetate (11) and Laurencia monomer diacetate (12) require metabolic activation for antioxidant activity. Significant advantages are achieved using both a solution- and cellular-based assay to discover new antioxidants.
Monolithic detector array comprised of >1000 aerial image sensing elements (2003)

A monolithically integrated multi-element photodiode array with 7749 discrete detectors has been fabricated where each sensing element is equipped with a sampling aperture to allow for aerial image measurements with high spatial precision in the focal plane of lithographic lenses. As currently configured, any one of seven 1107-element linear arrays can be used at a given time to allow sampling across the long axis of a scanner lens. The individual elements are located 24 microns apart and are broken down into 27 sets of 41 distinctly different aperture types, with each set spaced 1 mm apart. In addition, the sampling apertures on the device are small enough to allow the device to act as a polarization sensor with high (<50 microns) spatial resolution. The high speed analog output amplifier allows for complete 1107-element images to be obtained at the full repetition rate of lithographic lasers (2KHz).
P3507Heterozygous cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ErbB4 sensitizes to development of pregnancy-related cardiomyopathy (2019)

Abstract Background Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening disease in women without known cardiovascular disease; PPCM is characterized by left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction towards the end of pregnancy and/or in the first months postpartum. The underlying mechanisms of PPCM are incompletely understood, but there is recent evidence that impaired cardiomyocyte expression of the tyrosine kinase ErbB4 receptor plays a role. ErbB4 is the main receptor of neuregulin-1, a protective and regenerative paracrine factor in the heart. Homozygous deletion of ErbB4 is lethal. Purpose To test the hypothesis that mice with heterozygous (HZ) cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ErbB4 (ErbB4+/−) are more susceptible to PPCM. Methods Cardiac morphology and function was evaluated by echocardiography with a Vevo 2100 Imaging System during 2 pregnancies and 6 weeks postpartum (n=7–9) or during non-pregnant control conditions in HZ (ErbB4+/−) and wild type controls (n=9–10). Then, hearts were excised for analyses of myocardial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, capillary density and cardiomyocyte cross sectional area. Results When compared to pregnant wild type controls, pregnant ErbB4+/− mice developed significant LV dilatation (2 weeks after the 2nd delivery: LVIDd +16% ± 2%, p&lt;0.05) and dysfunction (6 weeks after the 2nd delivery: EF −23% ± 3%, p&lt;0.001), increased heart to body weight ratio (+7% ± 4%, p&lt;0.05) and increased cardiomyocyte cross sectional area (+28% ± 7%, p&lt;0.01). Non-pregnant ErbB4+/− mice also developed LV dilatation and dysfunction, albeit slower than pregnant ErbB4+/− mice. On histology, however, myocardial tissue of pregnant ErbB4+/− mice did not show macrophage infiltration, neither fibrosis, nor reduced capillary density. Conclusions Heterozygous cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ErbB4 sensitizes to peripartum LV dilatation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction without profound cardiac injury, features that are frequently present in PPCM patients and may explain their high chance for recovery. These data reinforce a compensatory role for neuregulin-ErbB4 signaling during hemodynamic overload, and confirm that this signaling pathway is important to protect the maternal heart during peripartum stress. Acknowledgement/Funding Fund scientific research Flanders; University Antwerp
Novel Conversion of 1,2-Disubstituted cis-Epoxides to One-Carbon Homologated Allylic Alcohols Using Dimethylsulfonium Methylide (2001)

[reaction: see text] The treatment of cis-epoxides with an excess of dimethylsulfonium methylide affords one-carbon homologated allylic alcohols in good to excellent yields.
A Simple and Efficient Triangle Strip Filtering Algorithm (2005)

A triangle strip is one of the standard rendering primitives used to reduce the amount of data transmitted to the graphics pipeline. In order to exploit such efficient triangulation data in level-of-detail-based rendering applications, real-time updating of triangle strips is required, and it can be done by repeating vertices. However, the number of degenerate triangles increases in strips as the mesh degrades to a coarser level. Such triangles only add overhead to the rendering task. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient triangle strip filtering algorithm to convert a strip into a more suitable one for display. The proposed algorithm eliminates the vertices of degenerate triangles from a strip and then reorders the remaining vertices in such a way that the two consecutive triangles share a common edge. In addition, the filtering process takes O(n) time units since it scans vertices only once and does so sequentially from the first vertex to the last one in a strip. Experimental results show that the proposed filtering algorithm not only reduces the amount of data transmitted to the graphics pipeline by 22.2% on average, but also slightly reduces the filtering time by 7.1% on average, compared with the previous method.
Intrusive Effect of Wire Mesh Tomography on Gas-liquid Flow Measurement (2003)

To investigate the accuracy of wire mesh tomography (WMT) for gas-liquid flow measurement, the experimental study focused on its intrusive feature has been carried out. The WMT principle is based on the dependency upon electrical conductivity on the local void fraction. The applied wire mesh sensor (WMS) consists of two measuring planes. Each plane has 8x32 crossing points with spatial resolution of2.22x3.03 mm2 and wire diameter of 0.125 mm. The disturbance level is estimated from the deviation of flow properties between each measuring plane of WMT and also from the alternative image processing for low gas intensity range. The results show the dependency of disturbance level on the void fraction shape. Furthermore, the contribution of deceleration and deformation on the flow disturbance related to the flow condition are presented. In addition, the capability of gas velocity evaluation method is confirmed and the intrusive effect becomes only one important parameter for gas velocity measurement.
Biochemical basis of insect resistance in Vigna unguiculata (1979)

Abstract The bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) causes extensive damage to seeds of the cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) (Walp.), when this important tropical foodstuff is stored. A variety of cowpea resistant to attack by this pest has been described. In the present work seeds of a number of cowpea varieties, including the resistant one, were tested for the presence of a physical resistance to C. maculatus , in terms of repulsion of oviposition or of failure of larvae to enter the seeds. No evidence to suggest the presence of a physical resistance was found. When seeds of cowpea varieties were tested for the presence of various antimetabolic secondary compounds, only inhibitory activity against trypsin and, to a much lesser extent, chymotrypsin, could be detected. The resistant variety of cowpea contained a significantly higher level of inhibitors, about twice as much as any other variety. A proteinase inhibitor active against trypsin was purified from cowpea varieties by affinity chromatography on trypsin‐Sepharose. The purified inhibitor was shown to inhibit chyraotrypsin also, in such proportions as to account for chymotrypsin inhibition by seed extracts. The inhibitor was shown to consist of a number of isoinhibitors by gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, but no qualitative differences in the inhibitor between varieties could be detected. The antimetabolic nature of the cowpea trypsin inhibitor was confirmed by insect feeding trials in which various protein fractions were added to a basic meal and the effect on larval survival noted. The albumin proteins of cowpea (containing the trypsin inhibitors) at a level of 10% were toxic to larvae of C. maculatus whereas the globulin fractions were not. Further, if cowpea trypsin inhibitor was removed from the albumin proteins they ceased to be toxic. When purified cowpea trypsin inhibitor was added to the basic meal it was shown that a level slightly less than that found in the resistant variety of cowpea caused complete mortality of larvae, whereas lower levels had lesser or no effect. It is concluded that this example of insect resistance in the cowpea is due to an elevated level of trypsin inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Metathesis/Cross Metathesis (AROM/CM) Reactions. Mechanism and Application to Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentanes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endothelial K + channel lacks the Ca 2+ sensitivity‐regulating β subunit (2000)

Hyperpolarizing large-conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BK) are important modulators of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell function. In vascular smooth muscle cells, BK are composed of pore-forming alpha subunits and modulatory beta subunits. However, expression, composition, and function of BK subunits in endothelium have not been studied so far. In patch-clamp experiments we identified BK (283 pS) in intact endothelium of porcine aortic tissue slices. The BK opener DHS-I (0.05-0.3 micromol/l), stimulating BK activity only in the presence of beta subunits, had no effect on BK in endothelium whereas the alpha subunit selective BK opener NS1619 (20 micromol/l) markedly increased channel activity. Correspondingly, mRNA expression of the beta subunit was undetectable in endothelium, whereas alpha subunit expression was demonstrated. To investigate the functional role of beta subunits, we transfected the beta subunit into a human endothelial cell line (EA.hy 926). beta subunit expression resulted in an increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of BK activity: the potential of half-maximal activation (V(1/2)) shifted from 73.4 mV to 49.6 mV at 1 micromol/l [Ca(2+)](i) and an decrease of the EC(50) value for [Ca(2+)](i) by 1 microM at +60 mV was observed. This study demonstrates that BK channels in endothelium are composed of alpha subunits without association to beta subunits. The lack of the beta subunit indicates a substantially different channel regulation in endothelial cells compared to vascular smooth muscle cells.
Miniature spectral imaging device for wide-field quantitative functional imaging of the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins (2017)

We have developed a portable, breast margin assessment probe leveraging diffuse optical spectroscopy to quantify the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins during breast conserving surgery. The approach presented here leverages a custom-made 16-channel annular photodiode imaging array (arranged in a 4 × 4 grid), a raster-scanning imaging platform with precision pressure control, and compressive sensing with an optimized set of eight wavelengths in the visible spectral range. A scalable Monte-Carlo-based inverse model is used to generate optical property [ ? s ? ( ? ) and ? a ( ? ) ] measures for each of the 16 simultaneously captured diffuse reflectance spectra. Subpixel sampling (0.75 mm) is achieved through incremental x , y raster scanning of the imaging probe, providing detailed optical parameter maps of breast margins over a 2 × 2 ?? cm 2 area in ? 9 ?? min . The morphological landscape of a tumor margin is characterized using optical surrogates for the fat to fibroglandular content ratio, which has demonstrated diagnostic utility in delineating tissue subtypes in the breast.
Enabling Distributed Addition of Secure Access to Patient's Records in A Tele-Referring Group (2005)

Protecting the privacy of patients' Electronic Health Records (EHR) while providing timely health care is an important issue in e-medicine. In this paper, we introduce an emerging problem of secure access to EHR added by the patient directly or by a physician who is not primary. We identify the design requirements, propose our solutions, and demonstrate that our solutions satisfy the design requirements.
Imaging Magnetic Nanostructures by Resonant X-Ray Holography (2006)

We have demonstrated that magnetic domains can be imaged by X-ray holography. We present images of magnetic domain patterns in various systems containing thin film magnetic multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. The magnetic reversal of a [Co(1.2 nm)/Pt(0.8 nm)]x50 multilayer was imaged in an applied magnetic field with 50 nm spatial resolution.
Agenda pública : arquitectura, ciudad, desarrollo (2008)

El contenido de “AGENDA PÚBLICA” constituye el cierre del trabajo realizado en Revista Cientodiez entre los años 2006 y 2009. La motivación detrás de este proceso consistió en tender puentes entre problemáticas inicialmente surgidas en el campo disciplinar de la arquitectura, para avanzar hacia la construcción de agendas de desarrollo. El esfuerzo se concentró en dar algunos esbozos de respuesta a las demandas que estas agendas presentan para todos quienes aspiramos a participar y aportar en ellas.