gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smartsurfaces: A Multidisciplinary, Hands -on Think Tank (2011)

New design practices are emerging that span multiple traditional disciplinary boundaries. As these new models of practice manifest, new pedagogies also become necessary, often challenging both existing educational models and institutional constraints as a result. Gibbons, et al1 questioned the adequacy of traditional disciplinary structures within universities in the context of broader social, technological and economic contexts. The Association of American Colleges and Universities have argued that universities need to change their practices to develop students as “…integrative thinkers who can see connections in seemingly disparate information and draw on a wide range of knowledge to make decisions.”2 The National Academies have recommended, “…students should seek out interdisciplinary experiences, such as courses at the interfaces of traditional disciplines…”3 and that “…schools introduce interdisciplinary learning in the undergraduate environment, rather than having it as an exclusive feature of the graduate programs.”4 As indicated above, there has been much calling for cross-disciplinarity in education but to date there has been little investigation on the impact of cross-disciplinary courses on learning, especially in comparison to teaching that is more discipline-specific. For educators a central question arises: How do we prepare students to be extra-disciplinary thinkers and doers with “habits of mind”5 that prepare them to make the sort of hybrid responses that complex performance problems demand?
Optical nonlinearity of an open-shell and degenerate π-conjugated polymer: poly(4-oxyphenyl-1,2-phenylenevinylene) radical (1997)

Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility is enhanced by three orders of magnitude for the degenerate and high-spin ground state conjugated polymer, poly(4-oxyphenyl-1,2-phenylenevinylene), as compared with a precursor conjugated polymer with a closed-shell configuration, in a z-scan measurement.
Biological sex influences antibody responses to routine vaccinations in the first year of life (2019)

Abstract Aim We investigated the effect of early‐life factors, namely sex, delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure, on antibody responses to routine vaccinations administered during the first year of life. Methods One and seven months after the primary course of routine vaccines and 1 month after routine vaccines at 12 months of age, antibodies against 26 vaccine antigens were measured in 398 healthy infants. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies (adjusted for effect modifiers with multiple linear regression) and the seroprotection rate for each vaccine were compared for each early‐life factor. Results Sex had an influence on GMCs. Antibody concentrations were significantly lower at 7 months of age in females for tetanus and filamentous haemagglutinin and at 13 months of age for pertactin. In contrast, at 13 months of age, antibody concentrations were significantly higher in females for polio type 3, pneumococcal serotype 6A and measles. Sex did not have an influence on seroprotection rates. Delivery mode, feeding method and antibiotic exposure did not exert a substantial influence on vaccine antibody concentrations. Conclusion There is a difference between males and females in the humoral response to routine vaccinations in the first year of life.
A phase II trial of Tetrathiomolybdate [TM] after cytoreductive surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) (2004)

7051 Background: Resection and adjuvant therapy for MPM results in a 2-year survival of 60% for Stages I/II, and 25% for Stage III (Rusch et al; Proc ASCO 2000). Median time to progression is 7–12 months after resection. Angiogenesis is a predictor of poor prognosis in MPM; TM is an oral copper (Cu)-depleting agent that inhibits angiogenesis and decreases levels of VEGF when ceruloplasmin (Cp) is reduced to 5–15 mg/dl. We hypothesize that cytoreduction of MPM followed by continuous TM can increase survival and delay progression by keeping residual disease in a dormant state. Methods: 34 cytoreduced MPM patients were registered for postoperative TM beginning 4–6 weeks after surgery at 180 mg/day with the dose adjusted to maintain Cp between 5–15 mg/dl. TM was continued until progression; chest/abdominal CTs were performed every 4 months. Results: 4 patients progressed prior to reaching target Cp. The remaining 25 men and 5 women, median age 67 (range 49–81yrs.) remained on TM a median of 10 months (range 4 to>36 mos.). The most common Grade (Gr) 3 toxicity was anemia: 27 episodes (15 patients), requiring transfusion in 7, or TM dose reduction alone (8). One patient had asymptomatic Gr 3 SGPT/SGOT rise which reversed with TM dose modification. All patients reached target Cp levels within 34±2 days (95% CI 30–39 days), and VEGF levels at baseline Cp (Cp=45.2±2 mg/dl) decreased from 2086±390 pg/ml to 1250±712 pg/ml (p<0.002) at target Cp [13±2 mg/dl (p<0.0001 from baseline)]. Survival /progression data are seen shown below. Conclusions: TM has antiangiogenic effects in postoperative MPM patients and the VEGF serum level is a robust biomarker in this therapy. TM has minimal toxicity and is at least comparable in efficacy to previous multimodality trials of cytotoxic agents for MPM. TM should be evaluated for use with standard MPM regimens, as well as for postsurgical maintenance monotherapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Mensanna Lilly Pharmaceuticals Attenuon lawyers
Outcomes of patients treated with Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for uncontrolled variceal hemorrhage (2017)

Since the era of endoscopic band ligation, SB tube might be a beneficial option as a temporary salvage treatment for uncontrolled variceal hemorrhage. However, rescue therapy had a high incidence of fatal complication and rebleeding.
Detection of the Hydrophobic Surface Force in Foam Films by Measurements of the Critical Thickness of the Film Rupture (2004)

At sufficiently high electrolyte concentrations (at suppressed electrostatic repulsion), the free foam films thin gradually, until reaching a certain critical thickness, and then they break. The value of this critical thickness is sensitive to the magnitude of the attractive surface forces acting in the film. We experimentally investigated the rupture of the films formed from aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the presence of 0.3 M NaCl added. The theoretical fits of the data indicate that the van der Waals interaction, alone, is insufficient to explain the measured critical thickness, especially for the lower SDS concentrations. If the difference is attributed to the hydrophobic attraction, then a very good agreement between the theory and experiment is achieved. From the best fit, we determine that the decay length of the hydrophobic force is about 15.8 nm, which coincides with the value obtained by other authors for hydrophobized mica surfaces. The strength of the hydrophobic interaction increases with the decrease of the SDS concentration, which can be explained with the fact that between the adsorbed surfactant molecules greater areas of bare hydrophobic air−water interface are uncovered. In the investigated concentration range, the strength of the hydrophobic force is found to be inversely proportional to the surface density of the adsorbed ions.
Random Beamforming with Heterogeneous Users and Selective Feedback: Individual Sum Rate and Individual Scaling Laws (2013)

This paper investigates three open problems in random beamforming based communication systems: the scheduling policy with heterogeneous users, the closed form sum rate, and the randomness of multiuser diversity with selective feedback. By employing the cumulative distribution function based scheduling policy, we guarantee fairness among users as well as obtain multiuser diversity gain in the heterogeneous scenario. Under this scheduling framework, the individual sum rate, namely the average rate for a given user multiplied by the number of users, is of interest and analyzed under different feedback schemes. Firstly, under the full feedback scheme, we derive the closed form individual sum rate by employing a decomposition of the probability density function of the selected user's signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. This technique is employed to further obtain a closed form rate approximation with selective feedback in the spatial dimension. The analysis is also extended to random beamforming in a wideband OFDMA system with additional selective feedback in the spectral dimension wherein only the best beams for the best-L resource blocks are fed back. We utilize extreme value theory to examine the randomness of multiuser diversity incurred by selective feedback. Finally, by leveraging the tail equivalence method, the multiplicative effect of selective feedback and random observations is observed to establish the individual rate scaling.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Dendrimers:  Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Electrooptical Characterization (2001)

The preparation and characterization of a series of novel ferroelectric liquid crystalline dendrimers are presented. End-capping of 1-, 2-, and 3-generation dendrimers based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid with mesogens gave surface-functionalized liquid crystalline compounds with 6, 12, and 24 mesogen-containing units, respectively. 4‘ ‘-((R)-1-Methylheptyloxy)phenyl 4-{4‘-[10-(hydroxycarbonyl)decyloxy]phenyl}benzoate was synthesized and used as a mesogen-containing unit. The purity and structure of each compound were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy were used to investigate the mesomorphic properties of the mesogen-functionalized dendrimers. The materials displayed a variety of mesophases, including the smectic C* phase. All the liquid crystalline dendrimers showed ferroelectricity, and tilt angle and spontaneous polarization measurements were performed. The obtained results show that the ferroelectric properties of the materials are independent of the generation number of the dendritic scaffold.
Crystal Structure of Mistletoe Lectin I (ML-I) from Viscum album in Complex with 4-N-Furfurylcytosine at 2.85 Å Resolution (2018)

In comparison to other reported ML-I complexes, we observed distinct differences in the vicinity of the nucleic acid base binding site upon interaction with FC. Therefore, data obtained will provide new insights in understanding the specificity, inhibition, and cytotoxicity of the ML-I A-chain, and related RIPs.
Growth Process of Polyaniline Thin Films Formed by Hot Wire CVD (2009)

Abstract We explore the use of hot‐wire (HW) CVD as an alternative, solvent‐free technique to produce compact films similar to conventional polyaniline. Film deposition and molecular bonding are studied as functions of Ta filament temperature, aniline pressure, and substrate temperature to allow an insight into the film growth mechanism, which is postulated to depend largely on reactions of aniline with H and C atoms generated at the hot wire. The process gas, aniline, is found to cause rapid formation of tantalum carbide and carbon deposits on the hot Ta surface. The accompanying change in film quality as the filament ages is studied.
Microwave-assisted optimization of the manganese redox states for enhanced capacity and capacity retention of LiAlxMn2−xO4 (x = 0 and 0.3) spinel materials (2015)

Microwave can shrink particle size and lattice parameters for improved crystallinity, and tune the manganese average valence for enhanced electrochemistry.
Robustness and Capacity : Two Contradictory Properties for Wireless Communications in Security a Crisis Management (2010)

Robustness and Capacity : Two Contradictory Properties for Wireless Communications in Security & Crisis Management
Polarized Protein-Specific Charges from Atoms-in-Molecule Electron Density Partitioning (2013)

Atomic partial charges for use in traditional force fields for biomolecular simulation are often fit to the electrostatic potentials of small molecules and, hence, neglect large-scale electronic polarization. On the other hand, recent advances in atoms-in-molecule charge derivation schemes show promise for use in flexible force fields but are limited in size by the underlying quantum mechanical calculation of the electron density. Here, we implement the density derived electrostatic and chemical charges method in the linear-scaling density functional theory code ONETEP. Our implementation allows the straightforward derivation of partial atomic charges for systems comprising thousands of atoms, including entire proteins. We demonstrate that the derived charges are chemically intuitive, reproduce ab initio electrostatic potentials of proteins and are transferable between closely related systems. Simulated NMR data derived from molecular dynamics of three proteins using force fields based on the ONETEP charges are in good agreement with experiment.
High resolution mass spectrometry for Titan's aerosol analysis (2023)

We present recent high resolution mass spectrometry analysis performed in laboratory on Titan’s aerosols analogs (tholins) by orbitrap measurements. New representative diagrams are developed for this nitrogen-rich organic matter based on modified Van Krevelen–type diagrams. The high resolution provided by the orbitrap technology reveals the polymeric structure of Titan’s tholin and provides new horizons for future missions towards Titan’s atmosphere. 1. Complexity of the organic composition of Titan’s aerosols: orbitrap analyses of Titan’s lab analogs 0 100 200 300 400 500 m/z -2e+05 0 2e+05 4e+05 6e+05 A rb itr ar y in te ns ity SA90: non oxygenated species SA90: oxygenated species 190 195 200 205 210 m/z 0 1e+05 2e+05 3e+05 4e+05 5e+05 A rb itr ar y in te ns ity SA90
Feasibility of 1-Tbit/s (25 × 40??Gbit/s) transoceanic optically regenerated systems (1999)

The feasibility of 1-Tbit/s transoceanic systems based on in-line optical regeneration of 40-Gbit/s channels is numerically investigated. The roles of fiber dispersion, fiber mode area, and channel and regenerator spacings are analyzed, and the corresponding operating ranges for error-free transmission are determined. The results represent a first step in designing multi-terabit-per-second global transmission systems based on realistic components and parameters.
Monolithic solar water splitting: introducing porosity in multijunction solar cells with minimal degradation to enable ionic shortcuts (2017)

We propose a new design for monolithic solar water splitting based on porous multijunction solar cells. Porosity, causing minimal solar cell degradation, minimizes the ohmic losses associated to ion transport, maintaining high efficiencies when up-scaling.
Improved Prognostication of Renal Cell Carcinoma Using an Integrated Staging System (2001)

A novel system for staging and predicting survival for RCC integrating clinical variables is offered. UISS is simple to use and is superior to stage alone in differentiating patients' survival. Our data suggests that UISS is an important prognostic tool for counseling patients with various stages of kidney cancer. Further prospective large-scale validation with external data is awaited.
Efficient One-Pot Formation of Substituted &#947;-Amino Acids (2011)

A series of novel substituted γ-amino acids has been catalytically prepared by a one-pot reaction of substituted imines and homoenolates. The efficiency of the novel direct route has been found to depend on the nature of amine being either aliphatic or aromatic. Additionally, the influence of aromatic substituents has been investigated. Keywords: γ-amino acid, homoenolate, imines, lewis acid, peptidases, homoaldol reaction, hydroxy, carbonyl, biodegradation, homoenolates
Strengthening of Steel Connections in a 92-Year-Old Railway Bridge Using Prestressed CFRP Rods: Multiaxial Fatigue Design Criterion (2021)

This paper presented a new retrofit system for strengthening the stringer-to-floor-beam double-angle connections in a 92-year-old riveted railway bridge in Switzerland, using prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods. The strengthening system transmitted the forces purely through friction, with minimum interference with bridge traffic. The system consisted of two components: a newly developed mechanical wedge-barrel anchor to hold the prestressed CFRP rod and a clamping system attaching the stringer flange. The strengthening system reduced the out-of-plane deformation of the connections, resulting in a reduction in the distortion-induced stresses in the connections. The short-term bridge measurements showed that the application of a total prestressing force of 100 kN reduced the dominant mean stress in the connection hotspot by 47% (from 22.9 to 10.9 MPa) under the passage of passenger trains, whereas the stress range remained unchanged. Using the modified Wöhler curve method (MWCM) as a critical plane-based multiaxial fatigue model, the strengthening system was observed to reduce the multiaxial mean stress parameter by 30% under the passenger train loads. The long-term monitoring of the strengthening system, using a wireless sensor network (WSN) system, indicated no prestress loss in the CFRP rods during the seven-month period since its installation.
Modeling and simulation of saturated induction motors in phase quantities (1999)

This paper proposes a new model for saturated induction motors. The saturation effects are incorporated in the magnetizing inductance and the stator mutual inductances, taking into account the nonuniform distribution of magnetic saturation within the motor core. The proposed model can be used to analyze the manner in which the induction motors interact with the supply network or power source, since it can predict the motor current/voltage harmonics produced by magnetic saturation. Experimental tests show that the proposed model represents with reasonable accuracy (8%) the motor saturation effects at nominal stator voltage as well as for overvoltage operation.
Stepwise synthesis of 1,19-dibromo-a,c-biladienes and their conversion into biliverdins, corroles and azaporphyrins (1992)

The first stepwise syntheses of unsymmetrically substituted 1,19-dibromo-a,c-biladienes, e.g.3c, via the so-called ‘tripyrrene route’, and their facile conversion into biliverdins (bilin-1,19-diones), e.g.4c, are described; this methodology is also adapted for the preparation of symmetrical biliverdins 4a, as well as corroles 5 and azaporphyrins 6.
Molecular subtyping of Alzheimer’s disease using RNA sequencing data reveals novel mechanisms and targets (2021)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is recognized as a heterogeneous disease with diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms. In this study, we interrogate the molecular heterogeneity of AD by analyzing 1543 transcriptomes across five brain regions in two AD cohorts using an integrative network approach. We identify three major molecular subtypes of AD corresponding to different combinations of multiple dysregulated pathways, such as susceptibility to tau-mediated neurodegeneration, amyloid-β neuroinflammation, synaptic signaling, immune activity, mitochondria organization, and myelination. Multiscale network analysis reveals subtype-specific drivers such as <i>GABRB2</i>, <i>LRP10</i>, <i>MSN</i>, <i>PLP1</i>, and <i>ATP6V1A</i> We further demonstrate that variations between existing AD mouse models recapitulate a certain degree of subtype heterogeneity, which may partially explain why a vast majority of drugs that succeeded in specific mouse models do not align with generalized human trials across all AD subtypes. Therefore, subtyping patients with AD is a critical step toward precision medicine for this devastating disease.
<title>Constraints in the construction of computers with ever-larger numbers of processors</title> (1993)

As a parallelism of digital computers increases, the limitations associated with interconnecting a large number of processors becomes a greater and greater constraint on system performance. For example, as we pack more and more processors of a given size together in a single machine, naturally the physical dimensions of the machine must grow, and with that growth comes an increase in the maximum time delay experienced in communicating between the most distant processors in the array. To a degree that depends on the algorithm being executed and its communication requirements, that communication latency between different parts of the machine ultimately poses a limit to the speed with which the machine can solve problems. Our purpose in this paper is to discuss some of the fundamental aspects of the problem described above. We consider in what follows two different cases: (1) all interconnections are optical, and (2) all interconnections are electrical. Of course with a hybrid set of interconnects (i.e. part optical and part electrical), better performance can be achieved. However, we do not consider hybrid strategies in this paper.
Green fluorescent protein as a signal for protein–protein interactions (1997)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is autofluorescent. This property has made GFP useful in monitoring in vivo activities such as gene expression and protein localization. We find that GFP can be used in vitro to reveal and characterize protein-protein interactions. The interaction between the S-peptide and S-protein fragments of ribonuclease A was chosen as a model system. GFP-tagged S-peptide was produced, and the interaction of this fusion protein with S-protein was analyzed by two distinct methods: fluorescence gel retardation and fluorescence polarization. The fluorescence gel retardation assay is a rapid method to demonstrate the existence of a protein-protein interaction and to estimate the dissociation constant (Kd) of the resulting complex. The fluorescence polarization assay is an accurate method to evaluate Kd in a specified homogeneous solution and can be adapted for the high-throughput screening of protein or peptide libraries. These two methods are powerful new tools to probe protein-protein interactions.
Polymorphisms of SPINK1 N34S and CFTR in Patients with Sporadic and Familial Pancreatic Cancer (2003)

Long standing chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer. Inheritance of polymorphisms in SPINK1 and CFTR are associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to determine if patients who carry polymorphisms in SPINK1 and CFTR are at increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer through the development of chronic pancreatitis. DNA from patients with histologically-confirmed surgically-treated chronic pancreatitis, familial and sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and controls were analyzed for the N34S polymorphism of SPINK1 and the two commonest polymorphisms of the CFTR gene, the DF508 mutation and the 5T polymorphism. These polymorphisms were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR and cycle sequencing methods. The SPINK1 N34S polymorphism was detected in 5 of 172 (2.9%) patients with chronic pancreatitis, in 4 of 200 (2.0%) patients with sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, in 0 of 36 (0%) of patients with familial pancreatic cancer and in 3 of 177 (1.7%) controls of chronic cholecystitis. The CFTR 5T polymorphism was identified in 31 of 334 (9.3%) patients of sporadic pancreatic cancer, in 5 of 43 (11.6%) patients with familial pancreatic cancer and in 10 of 112 (8.9%) controls with colorectal cancer. The CFTR DF508 mutation was recognized in 6 of the 240 (2.5%) patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a prevalence similar to that of control populations. We conclude that the N34S polymorphism of SPINK1 and the 5T and DF508 CFTR polymorphisms do not predispose to the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the N34S polymorphism is rarely found in patients with severe idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.