gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observer Placement for Source Localization: The Effect of Budgets and\n Transmission Variance (2016)

When an epidemic spreads in a network, a key question is where was its\nsource, i.e., the node that started the epidemic. If we know the time at which\nvarious nodes were infected, we can attempt to use this information in order to\nidentify the source. However, maintaining observer nodes that can provide their\ninfection time may be costly, and we may have a budget $k$ on the number of\nobserver nodes we can maintain. Moreover, some nodes are more informative than\nothers due to their location in the network. Hence, a pertinent question\narises: Which nodes should we select as observers in order to maximize the\nprobability that we can accurately identify the source? Inspired by the simple\nsetting in which the node-to-node delays in the transmission of the epidemic\nare deterministic, we develop a principled approach for addressing the problem\neven when transmission delays are random. We show that the optimal\nobserver-placement differs depending on the variance of the transmission delays\nand propose approaches in both low- and high-variance settings. We validate our\nmethods by comparing them against state-of-the-art observer-placements and show\nthat, in both settings, our approach identifies the source with higher\naccuracy.\n
Rapid, Accurate Identification of Candida auris by Using a Novel Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Database (Library) (2018)

The newly emerging multidrug-resistant yeast Candida auris can cause serious infections and may be underrepresented, as it can be misidentified as other species (e.g., Candida haemulonii, Candida duobushaemulonii, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by some biochemical-based testing systems ([1][1][–][2
In vivomeasurement of the human soft tissues constitutive laws. Applications to computer aided surgery (2007)

In the 80's, biomechanicians were asked to work on Computer Aided Surgery applications since orthopaedic surgeons were looking for numerical tools able to predict risks of fractures. More recently, biomechanicians started to address soft tissues arguing that most of the human body is made of such tissues that can move as well as deform during surgical gestures [1]. An intra-operative use of a continuous Finite Element (FE) Model of a given tissue mainly faces two problems: (1) the numerical simulations have to be "interactive", i.e. sufficiently fast to provide results during surgery (which can be a strong issue in the context of hyperelastic models for example) and (2) during the intervention, the surgeon needs a device that can be used to provide to the model an estimation of the patient-specific constitutive behaviour of the soft tissues. This work proposes an answer to the second point, with the design of a new aspiration device aiming at characterizing the in vivo constitutive laws of human soft tissues. The device was defined in order to permit sterilization as well an easy intra-operative use.
High Levels of Serotonin Transporter Occupancy With Low-Dose Clomipramine in Comparative Occupancy Study With Fluvoxamine Using Positron Emission Tomography (2003)

Clinical doses of clomipramine and fluvoxamine occupied approximately 80% of 5-HTT, and dose escalation would have minimal effect on 5-HTT blockade. Ten milligrams of clomipramine hydrochloride was enough to occupy 80% of 5-HTT in vivo.
Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction: Porous Carbon Membrane‐Supported Atomically Dispersed Pyrrole‐Type FeN4 as Active Sites for Electrochemical Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction (Small 31/2020) (2020)

In article number 2002203, Tian Sheng, Shu-Hui Sun, Jiayin Yuan, and co-workers propose and verify atomically dispersed pyrrole-type Fe-N4 sites supported on hierarchically porous carbon membranes as real active sites for the electrochemical hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), which will open up the future exploration of the metal-Nx catalysts for HzOR in fuel cells and beyond.
Tutorials and Articles on Best Practices (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTTutorials and Articles on Best PracticesRaymond E. Schaak*Raymond E. Schaak*Email: [email protected]More by Raymond E. Schaakhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-8181, Reginald M. PennerReginald M. PennerMore by Reginald M. Pennerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3028, Jillian M. BuriakJillian M. BuriakMore by Jillian M. Buriakhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-4328, Frank CarusoFrank CarusoMore by Frank Carusohttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-497X, Manish ChhowallaManish ChhowallaMore by Manish Chhowallahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-4044, Yury GogotsiYury GogotsiMore by Yury Gogotsihttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9423-4032, Paul MulvaneyPaul MulvaneyMore by Paul Mulvaneyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-3247, Wolfgang J. ParakWolfgang J. ParakMore by Wolfgang J. Parakhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-6650, and Paul S. Weiss*Paul S. Weiss*Email: [email protected]More by Paul S. Weisshttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-6248Cite this: ACS Nano 2020, 14, 9, 10751–10753Publication Date (Web):September 22, 2020Publication History Published online22 September 2020Published inissue 22 September 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.0c07588https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c07588editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4750Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Energy storage,Nanomaterials,Nanoscale,Nanoscience Get e-Alerts
An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans (2020)

To characterise type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D cases and 132,532 controls of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multi-ethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed-up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D cases and 38,994 or 71,604 controls). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci (p<5×10 -8 ), including variants near the GLP2R , GIP , and HLA-DQA1 genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci . Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common SNVs. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion, and in adipocytes, monocytes and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.
Reduced transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) in the repair of airway epithelial cells of children with asthma (2016)

Our data has highlighted the importance of TGF-β1 in pAEC wound repair in vitro. The significantly lower levels seen in asthmatic pAEC subsequently contributes to the dysregulated repair observed in these cells.
Label-free Imaging of Stem Cell Adhesion and Dynamic Tracking of Boundary Evolution Using Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM) (2017)

Cell adhesion provides structural support and contributes to functional processes crucial for cellular proliferation and survival. We apply a new form of label-free biosensor imaging called Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM) to investigate adhesion/migration of stem cells By applying image processing algorithms to analyze the PCEM images, we offer insight into how the cellular membrane is dynamically organized during cell adhesion.
Ab-initio crystal structure analysis and refinement approaches of oligo p-benzamides based on electron diffraction data (2012)

Ab-initio crystal structure analysis of organic materials from electron diffraction data is presented. The data were collected using the automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT) technique. The structure solution and refinement route is first validated on the basis of the known crystal structure of tri-p-benzamide. The same procedure is then applied to solve the previously unknown crystal structure of tetra-p-benzamide. In the crystal structure of tetra-p-benzamide, an unusual hydrogen-bonding scheme is realised; the hydrogen-bonding scheme is, however, in perfect agreement with solid-state NMR data.
Immune therapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphomas (2021)

Le pronostic défavorable des lymphomes diffus à grandes cellules B (LDGCB) chimioréfractaires ou en rechute postautogreffe appelle au développement de stratégies thérapeutiques alternatives. En effet, si ces hémopathies sont caractérisées par leur haute chimiorésistance, une réponse antitumorale pourrait être obtenue de façon indirecte en favorisant l’éradication des cellules malignes par le système immunitaire. Dans ce contexte, de multiples immunothérapies sont développées pour la prise en charge des LDGCB réfractaires ou en rechute, telles que les immunoconjugués, les immunomodulateurs, les inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaires, les anticorps bispécifiques ou encore les lymphocytes T modifiés pour exprimer un récepteur antigénique chimérique. Ces traitements ont permis d’obtenir des résultats remarquables, possiblement curatifs, et plusieurs d’entre eux ont déjà été approuvés par les autorités de santé. Ces immunothérapies devraient donc continuer de transformer la prise en charge des LDGCB en échec de chimiothérapie.
Effects of dienogest, a synthetic steroid, on experimental endometriosis in rats (1998)

Dienogest appears to be a potent agent with mechanisms of action different from those of danazol and GnRH agonists currently available for the treatment of endometriosis.
Polarization, mirrors, and reciprocity: birefringence and its compensation in optical retracing circuits (2017)

Birefringence affects all the optical circuits both in free-space and guided-wave optics. It perturbs the state of polarization of the propagating light, causing unwanted detrimental effects in many practical situations. A retracing circuit offers the potentiality of compensating the birefringence, but it is not universal because the birefringence is of different kinds, that is, either linear or circular, as well as either reciprocal or nonreciprocal, and because the common mirror does not hold all the requested symmetries. This paper reviews the compensation techniques suitable for each kind of birefringence, taking into account the introduction of two further generalized mirrors, the mirrored Faraday rotator and the mirrored quarter-wave plate. The main retracing schemes are analyzed and presented with the help of the Poincar&#x00E9; sphere and the Jones matrices. Examples of full compensation of all the main cases of birefringence that occurs in practical optical circuits are given. The different compensation properties of the three mirrors can be interpreted by means of a unified vision in the abstract space related to the Poincar&#x00E9; sphere representation.
Structural Performance of Laminated Glass Made with a “Stiff” Interlayer (2002)

The growing demand for laminated glass in building facades and interiors is driving the development of new interlayers that extend the performance of laminated glass. In this contribution we discuss the structural performance of laminates made with such a new interlayer: SentryGlas® Plus. This new interlayer is significantly stiffer and tougher than traditional PVBs and provides enhanced structural performance in many applications. The mechanical properties of a stiff interlayer lead to benefits in three main areas: 1) glass strength; 2) stiffness and creep resistance, both before and after glass breakage; 3) temperature performance. Strength benefits are realized in applications where significant bending stresses develop during loading, such as: laminates with two sided support, balustrades (cantilevers), bolted glass and laminates supported on three sides. Enhanced post glass breakage performance expands the design envelope for glass in horizontal and sloped applications such as overhead glazing, glass floors and stairs. All of these structural properties are maintained to higher temperatures as compared to conventional PVB.
<title>Quantified registration error versus the accuracy of registered surfaces for a multimodality surface-based registration system</title> (1996)

In this paper we quantitatively evaluate the amount of residual registration error for different settings of an internal parameter of our surface-based multimodality registration system. The investigated parameter controls the accuracy in representing one of the surfaces to be registered. Computational complexity of our registration system is also directly related to the surface representation accuracy for a given data set. We measured registration error using a previously developed reference data set, which accurately determines registration error at many locations throughout the brain. We found a smaller registration error when the registered surface was represented more accurately. The difference in error was not as large as anticipated, suggesting that less accurate representations can be used by our system.
The Segment Anything foundation model achieves favorable brain tumor autosegmentation accuracy on MRI to support radiotherapy treatment planning (2023)

Background: Tumor segmentation in MRI is crucial in radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning for brain tumor patients. Segment anything (SA), a novel promptable foundation model for autosegmentation, has shown high accuracy for multiple segmentation tasks but was not evaluated on medical datasets yet. Methods: SA was evaluated in a point-to-mask task for glioma brain tumor autosegmentation on 16744 transversal slices from 369 MRI datasets (BraTS 2020). Up to 9 point prompts were placed per slice. Tumor core (enhancing tumor + necrotic core) was segmented on contrast-enhanced T1w sequences. Out of the 3 masks predicted by SA, accuracy was evaluated for the mask with the highest calculated IoU (oracle mask) and with highest model predicted IoU (suggested mask). In addition to assessing SA on whole MRI slices, SA was also evaluated on images cropped to the tumor (max. 3D extent + 2 cm). Results: Mean best IoU (mbIoU) using oracle mask on full MRI slices was 0.762 (IQR 0.713-0.917). Best 2D mask was achieved after a mean of 6.6 point prompts (IQR 5-9). Segmentation accuracy was significantly better for high- compared to low-grade glioma cases (mbIoU 0.789 vs. 0.668). Accuracy was worse using MRI slices cropped to the tumor (mbIoU 0.759) and was much worse using suggested mask (full slices 0.572). For all experiments, accuracy was low on peripheral slices with few tumor voxels (mbIoU, &lt;300: 0.537 vs. &gt;=300: 0.841). Stacking best oracle segmentations from full axial MRI slices, mean 3D DSC for tumor core was 0.872, which was improved to 0.919 by combining axial, sagittal and coronal masks. Conclusions: The Segment Anything foundation model, while trained on photos, can achieve high zero-shot accuracy for glioma brain tumor segmentation on MRI slices. The results suggest that Segment Anything can accelerate and facilitate RT treatment planning, when properly integrated in a clinical application.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in circulating blood of patients treated with enoxaparine after orthopaedic surgery (2007)

VEGF, a potent mitogen for endothelial cells, is one of the most important cytokines responsible for stimulating angiogenesis. Some data confirm an important role of VEGF in wound and bone healing. In the blood, VEGF is present in plasma and, as important intracellular pool, in neutrophils and platelets. Intracellular VEGF is released to the serum upon these cells activation during coagulation. Low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are routinely used as anti-coagulants for prophylaxis after bone surgery. In the previous study, performed in seven patients after orthopedic surgery, we have found that enoxaparine injections administered during post-operative two weeks, have increased angiogenic activity and VEGF level in their sera. To elucidate the origin of this cytokine, in the present study we compared VEGF level in matched plasma and serum samples collected from 12 persons before, and 14 days after surgery and daily enoxaparine (40 mg) injections. The results were also compared to the findings obtained for sera collected from 30 healthy blood donors. Both serum and plasma samples collected after enoxaparine treatment presented higher in vivo angiogenic activity in mouse cutaneous test than before administration of this drug. No differences in plasma VEGF were observed. However, VEGF concentration in matched sera samples was significantly higher after surgery and enoxaparine treatment than before the beginning of the study. Conclusion: intracellular VEGF, released during coagulation process plays an important role in in vivo angiogenic activity of serum, and its concentration significantly increased after 2-weeks enoxaparine treatment.
Dynamic Test Performance of a Concept Two-Ply Windshield (1986)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An experimental program was conducted which demonstrated that a 2-ply windshield could be constructed with impact performance, as measured in the laboratory, comparable to that of standard 3-ply HPR windshields with inner Shield and Securiflex laceration shield treatments.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The 2-ply windshield construction chosen for testing contained an outer ply of float glass and an inner multilayer laceration shield. This laceration shield is comprised of a polyvinyl butyral interlayer (0.95 mm thick), a polyester “laceration shield” (0.13 mm thick), and a proprietary abrasion-resistant coating (these three materials being produced by Du Pont).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Full-scale sled tests were performed of the 2-ply construction using unrestrained Hybrid III dummies at the Safety Research and Development Laboratory (SRDL), GM Milford Proving Ground. These tests, which provided a “realistic” evaluation of windshield performance in frontal impacts showed that the 2-ply windshield is a viable concept in terms of occupant safety. For a 3.18-0.95-0.13 mm 2-ply construction, frontal impact performance (as measured in terms of facial laceration, penetration resistance, and occupant injury indices, including HIC) was found to be comparable to that of 2.29-0.95-2.29 mm 3-ply windshields with Inner Shield and Securiflex laceration shield treatments.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It is important to note, however, that important technical issues such as mounting system, noise transmission, and vehicle structural response need to be addressed prior to considering this experimental 2-ply construction for production field usage.&lt;/div&gt;
All-optical decrementing of a packet's time-to-live (TTL) field and subsequent dropping of a zero-TTL packet (2003)

We demonstrate an optical time-to-live (TTL) decrementing module for optical packet-switched networks. Our module acts on a standard NRZ-modulated binary TTL field within a 10 Gb/s packet and decrements it by one if the TTL is nonzero. If the TTL of the incoming packet is zero, the module signals an optical switch to drop the packet. Our technique is independent of the TTL length, does not require the use of ultrashort RZ optical pulses, requires no guard time between the end of the TTL field and the packet data, and has only a 2.4 dB power penalty at 10/sup -9/ bit-error rate.
Flexible integration of high-imaging- resolution and high-power arrays for ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging (US-TSI) (2013)

Ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging (USTSI) for carotid artery plaque detection requires both high imaging resolution (<100 μm) and sufficient US-induced heating to elevate the tissue temperature (~1°C to 3°C within 1 to 3 cardiac cycles) to produce a noticeable change in sound speed in the targeted tissues. Because the optimization of both imaging and heating in a monolithic array design is particularly expensive and inflexible, a new integrated approach is presented which utilizes independent ultrasound arrays to meet the requirements for this particular application. This work demonstrates a new approach in dual-array construction. A 3-D printed manifold was built to support both a high-resolution 20 MHz commercial imaging array and 6 custom heating elements operating in the 3.5 to 4 MHz range. For the application of US-TSI in carotid plaque characterization, the tissue target site is 20 to 30 mm deep, with a typical target volume of 2 mm (elevation) × 8 mm (azimuthal) × 5 mm (depth). The custom heating array performance was fully characterized for two design variants (flat and spherical apertures), and can easily deliver 30 W of total acoustic power to produce intensities greater than 15 W/cm(2) in the tissue target region.
Microstructural Control of Polymers Achieved Using Controlled Phase Separation During 3D Printing with Oligomer Libraries: Dictating Drug Release for Personalized Subdermal Implants (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Controlling the microstructure of materials by means of phase separation is a versatile tool for optimizing material properties. In this study, we show that ink jet 3D printing of polymer blends gives rise to controllable phase separation that can be used to tailor the release of drugs. We predicted phase separation using high throughput screening combined with a model based on the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, and were able to show that drug release from 3D printed structures can be predicted from observations based on single drops of mixtures. This new understanding gives us hierarchical compositional control, from droplet to device, allowing release to be ‘dialed up’ without any manipulation of geometry. This is an important advance for implants that need to be delivered by cannula, where the shape is highly constrained and thus the usual geometrical freedoms associated with 3D printing cannot be exploited, bringing a hitherto unseen level of understanding to emergent material properties of 3D printing.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Fused Imidazole-Containing Ring Systems via Dual Oxidative Amination of C(sp3)–H Bonds (2016)

A general and efficient method for a metal-free one-pot synthesis of highly substituted fused imidazole-containing 5,5- and 5,6-fused bicyclic heterocycles is described. Starting from commercially available substrates and reagents, the reaction proceeds through two C-N bond formations and an oxidative dehydrogenation to form highly substituted products in good to excellent yield.