gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inter‐relationship between processing conditions and mechanical properties of blown film from different polypropylenes and high melt strength polypropylene blends (2010)

Abstract The aim of this study is the improvement of process stability and film properties of various matrix polymers by the addition of long chain branched (LCB) polypropylene (PP) in the blown film process. Three commercially available PP grades were dry‐blended with two different high melt strength (HMS) PP grades with varying weight content in the range of 5, 10, and 20%. Maximum solid output was determined on a Hosokawa blown film line with a film thickness of 50 μm. Thickness was adjusted by proper relation between output and take‐up ratio (TUR). The blow‐up ratio (BUR) was varied from 1 : 2 to 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 in connection to the output rate and HMS‐PP content. Research showed an increase of the output due to the additon of HMS‐PP in various matrix polymers and different processing conditions. Influences on mechanical properties related to process parameters concerning stiffness and impact energy were found. Due to the addition of HMS‐PP in a heterophasic PP‐copolymer (PP‐I) the maximum solid output increases up to 50% as well as tensile properties were enhanced. Stiffness of the blown film is independent of the output and the BUR both in machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). In contrast a reduction of the process stability and solid state properties were determined with homo‐PP (PP‐H) and random‐PP (PP‐R) mixtures. Decreasing impact energy of the heterophasic copolymer was determined with increasing HMS‐PP content. In comparison to the enhanced stiffness, toughness decreases which refers to a higher brittleness due to the addition of HMS‐PP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Extremely high quantum efficiency (86%) operation of AlGaInP visible laser diode with lateral leaky waveguide structure (1993)

AlGaInP visible laser diode with lateral leaky waveguide structure has been demonstrated for the first time. The laser has differential quantum efficiency as high as 43% from one facet without coating in addition to stable fundamental transverse-mode oscillation. The high differential quantum efficiency is due to the propagation loss as low as 4.2 cm−1 of this laser, which is the lowest value for AlGaInP visible diode to the best of our knowledge. This laser can be successfully fabricated by selective growth of AlGaInP quarternary alloy.
Trap Depth Engineering of SrSi2O2N2:Ln2+,Ln3+ (Ln2+ = Yb, Eu; Ln3+ = Dy, Ho, Er) Persistent Luminescence Materials for Information Storage Applications (2017)

Deep-trap persistent luminescence materials exhibit unique properties of energy storage and controllable photon release under additional stimulation, allowing for both wavelength and intensity multiplexing to realize high-capacity storage in the next-generation information storage system. However, the lack of suitable persistent luminescence materials with deep traps is the bottleneck of such storage technologies. In this study, we successfully developed a series of novel deep-trap persistent luminescence materials in the Ln<sup>2+</sup>/Ln<sup>3+</sup>-doped SrSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub> system (Ln<sup>2+</sup> = Yb, Eu; Ln<sup>3+</sup> = Dy, Ho, Er) by applying the strategy of trap depth engineering. Interestingly, the trap depth can be tailored by selecting different codopants, and it monotonically increases from 0.90 to 1.18 eV in the order of Er, Ho, and Dy. This is well explained by the energy levels indicated in the host-referred binding energy scheme. The orange-red-emitting SrSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>:Yb,Dy and green-emitting SrSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>:Eu,Dy phosphors are demonstrated to be good candidates of information storage materials, which are attributed to their deep traps, narrow thermoluminescence glow bands, high emission efficiency, and excellent chemical stability. This work not only validates the suitability of deep-trap persistent luminescence materials in the information storage applications, but also broadens the avenue to explore such kinds of new materials for applications in anticounterfeiting and advanced displays.
Quantum and statistical mechanical studies of liquids. 20. Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in liquid methanol (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantum and statistical mechanical studies of liquids. 20. Pressure dependence of hydrogen bonding in liquid methanolWilliam L. Jorgensen and Mustafa IbrahimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 2, 373–378Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00366a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00366a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Drug Lead Discovery and Optimization (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Software-Controlled Scratchpad Mapping Strategies for Wavelet-Based Applications (2006)

A comparison is performed between a simple hardware-controlled cache mapping and a systematic, software-controlled scratchpad mapping of a two-dimensional, lifting-based wavelet transform, in the context of dynamic applications. In this context it is important for the application to optimally exploit the memory hierarchy under the dynamically varying memory availability. Contrary to expectations, the comparison shows the cache-based mapping to exhibit a lower miss rate. The reasons for these different results are examined and improvements for the systematic scratchpad mapping are proposed which would give it a 30% lower missrate performance for localized wavelet-based applications
Sulfur Vulcanization of Simple Model Olefins, Part V: Double Bond Isomerization during Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization as Studied by Model Olefins (1997)

Abstract The sulfur vulcanization of unsaturated rubber has been studied with the use of various olefins as simple, low-molecular models. By treatment of these olefins with a mixture of zinc oxide, sulfur, and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) at 140 °C, a mixture of dialkenyl sulfides is obtained mimicking crosslinked rubber. Isomerization of the double bond may take place during this reaction, depending on the olefin used. The position of the double bond is on the one hand determined by crosslink formation mechanisms, and on the other hand by isomerization, which takes place at higher temperatures. The position of the equilibrium between isomeric alkenyl sulfides is determined by the increased stability of the sulfide which in itself results from an increased degree of alkyl substitution at the unsaturation. Due to the isomerization reaction, at higher temperatures no mechanism for crosslink formation can be discerned. At room temperature, however, a radical mechanism appears to be predominant during the vulcanization process.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Esterification Reaction Between Equimolar Amounts of Free Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols by the Combined Use of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and a Catalytic Amount of Titanium(IV) Chloride Tris(trifluoromethanesulfonate). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data from Molecular Imaging of Therapeutic Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Blockade in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate noninvasive molecular imaging methods as correlative biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy of cetuximab in human colorectal cancer cell line xenografts grown in athymic nude mice. The correlation between molecular imaging and immunohistochemical analysis to quantify epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, apoptosis, and proliferation was evaluated in treated and untreated tumor-bearing cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Optical imaging probes targeting EGF receptor (EGFR) expression (NIR800-EGF) and apoptosis (NIR700-Annexin V) were synthesized and evaluated &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo.&lt;/i&gt; Proliferation was assessed by 3′-[&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine ([&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FLT) positron emission tomography. Assessment of inhibition of EGFR signaling by cetuximab was accomplished by concomitant imaging of NIR800-EGF, NIR700-Annexin V, and [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FLT in cetuximab-sensitive (DiFi) and insensitive (HCT-116) human colorectal cancer cell line xenografts. Imaging results were validated by measurement of tumor size and immunohistochemical analysis of total and phosphorylated EGFR, caspase-3, and Ki-67 immediately following &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; NIR800-EGF accumulation in tumors reflected relative EGFR expression and EGFR occupancy by cetuximab. NIR700-Annexin V accumulation correlated with cetuximab-induced apoptosis as assessed by immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3. No significant difference in tumor proliferation was noted between treated and untreated animals by [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FLT positron emission tomography or Ki-67 immunohistochemistry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Molecular imaging can accurately assess EGF binding, proliferation, and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer xenografts. These imaging approaches may prove useful for serial, noninvasive monitoring of the biological effects of EGFR inhibition in preclinical studies. It is anticipated that these assays can be adapted for clinical use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Simple, Short, and Flexible Synthesis of Viridiofungin Derivatives (2006)

Described herein is a simple, flexible, and efficient synthesis of the skeleton of the viridiofungins, a family of microbial secondary metabolites. The synthesis utilizes an asymmetric aldol reaction of a chiral oxazolidinone, a diastereoselective alkylation of a chiral 1,3-dioxolan-2-one, and a geometrically selective alkene cross-metathesis reaction as the key C-C bond-forming steps.
A Molecular Lock-and-Key Approach To Detecting Solution Phase Self-Assembly. A Fluorescence and Absorption Study of Carminic Acid in Aqueous Glucose Solutions (1996)

We introduce a novel approach to the study of complex ternary systems where a fluorescent chromophore contains a functionality that incorporates into precrystalline aggregates in concentrated solutions. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by using carminic acid, a fluorescent molecule possessing a pendant glycosyl moiety, in aqueous glucose solutions. We report the steady state absorption and emission response of carminic acid as well as its picosecond dynamical response. These data, taken collectively, show that saturated glucose solutions exhibit anomalous molecular scale organization and that the persistence time of this organization is significantly less than a nanosecond. Our results indicate that kinetic contributions to crystallization are expected to play an important, sometimes dominant, role in this technologically important process.
The Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Enhances HER-2 Expression and Cellular Transformation via Its Interaction with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase 1 (2010)

The HER-2 oncogene, a member of the erythroblastosis oncogene B (ERBB)-like oncogene family, has been shown to be amplified in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of HER-2 overexpression is not completely understood. The phosphorylation of proteins on the serine or threonine residues that immediately precede proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) is specifically catalyzed by the prolyl isomerase Pin1 and is a key signaling mechanism in cell proliferation and transformation. Here, we found that Pin1 interacts with mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) protein kinase 1, resulting in the induction of HER-2 expression. Pin1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibited a decrease in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MEK1/2 phosphorylation compared with Pin1(+/+) mouse embryonic fibroblast. In addition, a knockdown of Pin1 resulted in the inhibition of MEK1/2 phosphorylation induced by EGF in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1/2, and Juglone, a potent Pin1 inhibitor, markedly suppressed the expression of activator protein-2alpha and the HER-2 promoter activity induced by EGF or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in MCF-7 cells. Importantly, these inhibitors inhibited the neoplastic cell transformation induced by EGF in Pin1-overexpressing JB6 Cl41 cells, which showed enhanced cellular formation compared with the control cells. Therefore, Juglone and PD98059 inhibited the colony formation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in soft agar. These results indicate that Pin1 amplifies EGF signaling in breast cancer cells through its interaction with MEK1 and then enhances HER-2 expression, suggesting that Pin1 plays an important role in the overexpression of HER-2 through Pin1-MEK1-activator protein-2alpha signaling in breast cancer.
Simultaneous Voltage and Heat Transfer Measurements Along an Arc-Plasma Wind-Tunnel Constrictor (2020)

Experiments were conducted to simultaneously quantify the voltage distribution and heat losses along the length of an arc-plasma wind-tunnel constrictor employing air and argon gas. The objective was to generate a detailed data set and make it available electronically to the scientific community. High-spatial-resolution voltage measurements allowed the identification of a wavelike structure in the upstream part of the constrictor. It was postulated that electrode erosion produced an unstable arc geometry that was further distorted by the imposed magnetic fields. Alternatively, the wavelike structure could be related to vortex precession commonly observed in swirl-stabilized flows. Measurements of heat transfer to the wall, based on differences in cooling water temperature across each segment, revealed a mainly uniform heat transfer distribution along the constrictor, with elevated heat transfer near the cathode and anode due to the strong electric field strengths in the near-cathode and near-anode regions. By varying either the mass flow rate or current, these measurements also allowed, for the first time, the estimation of differences in radiation and convection heat transfer.
Use of a novel shockwave trode results in better patient acceptance in awake canine patients treated for musculoskeletal disease (2023)

Administration of electrohydraulic ESWT is feasible in select awake patients using a gradually increasing energy protocol, and the tested novel shockwave trode is better tolerated than the standard trode. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of the novel trode, and if gradually increasing energy protocols are clinically equivalent to current standard protocols that employ a consistent energy level.
Thin films of carbon nanotubes via ultrasonic spraying of suspensions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (2014)

Described is a method for ultrasonically spraying thin films of carbon nanotubes that have been suspended in organic solvents. Nanotubes were sonicated in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (CHP) and then sprayed onto a heated substrate using an ultrasonic spray nozzle. The solvent was quickly evaporated, leaving a thin film of randomly oriented nanotubes. Unlike other methods of spraying nanotube films, this does not require removal of surfactant after spraying and is compatible with creating films of functionalized nanotubes. Film thickness was controlled by the spray time and films were sprayed with thicknesses between 10 and 500 nm. Single-walled, multiwalled, and functionalized multiwalled nanotubes were sprayed. Transparent conducting thin films prepared by spraying single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in CHP demonstrated similar sheet resistance (for a given optical transmittance) as those prepared by spraying aqueous polymer-based dispersions that required postdeposition polymer removal.
Advanced Bilayer Resist Process With Optimized PMGT Formulation (1989)

The advantages of using polydimethylglutarimide (PMGI) as an underlayer for a Portable Conformable Mask (PCM) process have been demonstrated by Shipley Company and Rohm and Haas. Here we describe an optimized PMGI formulation coupled with an advanced bilayer resist process. This paper reports on material studies involving PMGI composition, dye additives, and a casting solvent and their relationship to PCM process control. The use of different Deep UV flood expose wavelengths during the image transfer step has an effect on image profile and exposure time. Wavelengths between 240 nm and 280 nm are preferred. For submicron imaging, a dyed Novolak resist can be used to increase the masking efficiency of the imaging layer. A PCM process using a Novolak resist imaging layer and a dyed PMGI planarizing layer controls standing wave effects and reflective notching and provides thick resist patterns for etching and lift-off applications. Excellent linewidth control and process latitude can be achieved on g-line steppers.
Experiments on Handover Using Combination of Bicast and Forwarding of IP Packet for Future IP-based RANs (2007)

This paper proposes a handover method that uses a combination of bicast and forwarding (BIFO) of IP packets to achieve a short handover delay time and a low amount of IP packet traffic in the backhaul for future IP-based radio access networks (RANs). To validate the effect of the proposed BIFO method, we implemented prototype experimental equipment comprising a RAN_access router (RAN_AR), base stations (BSs) associated with a radio control server (RCS), and user equipment (UE) including a controller. The experimental results show that the BIFO achieves a shorter handover delay time than when using only the conventional bicast method or forwarding method by taking advantage of the respective merits of bicast and forwarding. The results also confirm that the BIFO method achieves the handover delay time in the control plane of approximately 10 - 20 msec.
Concentration dependence of the low-shear viscosity of polyelectrolyte micro-networks: From hard spheres to soft microgels (1999)

The low-shear viscosity of polyelectrolyte microgels is studied as a function of concentration, crosslink density and ionic strength. The variation of the viscosity with volume fraction is very similar to that found in hard-sphere colloidal suspensions. In salt-free dispersions, osmotic effects are responsible for the de-swelling of microgels at high polymer concentration. This "softening" effect modifies the viscosity near the overlap concentration.
Allometric scaling of skin thickness, elasticity, viscoelasticity to mass for micro-medical device translation: from mice, rats, rabbits, pigs to humans (2017)

Emerging micro-scale medical devices are showing promise, whether in delivering drugs or extracting diagnostic biomarkers from skin. In progressing these devices through animal models towards clinical products, understanding the mechanical properties and skin tissue structure with which they interact will be important. Here, through measurement and analytical modelling, we advanced knowledge of these properties for commonly used laboratory animals and humans (~30 g to ~150 kg). We hypothesised that skin's stiffness is a function of the thickness of its layers through allometric scaling, which could be estimated from knowing a species' body mass. Results suggest that skin layer thicknesses are proportional to body mass with similar composition ratios, inter- and intra-species. Experimental trends showed elastic moduli increased with body mass, except for human skin. To interpret the relationship between species, we developed a simple analytical model for the bulk elastic moduli of skin, which correlated well with experimental data. Our model suggest that layer thicknesses may be a key driver of structural stiffness, as the skin layer constituents are physically and therefore mechanically similar between species. Our findings help advance the knowledge of mammalian skin mechanical properties, providing a route towards streamlined micro-device research and development onto clinical use.
Erratum (2014)

This article refers to:A real-time super-resolution robot audition system that improves the robustness of simultaneous speech recognition
Kupferhydrid‐katalysierte Hydroaminierung von Alkenen und Alkinen (2015)

Abstract In den vergangenen Jahren wurde die CuH‐katalysierte Hydroaminierung entdeckt und als robuster und konzeptionell neuer Synthesezugang zu enantiomerenangereicherten sekundären und tertiären Aminen entwickelt. Der Erfolg auf diesem Gebiet wurde möglich durch zahlreiche frühere Beispiele für die Katalyse mit Kupfer(I)hydrid und die gut untersuchte Verwendung von Hydroxylaminestern als elektrophile Aminquellen in ähnlichen kupferkatalysierten Reaktionen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt Hintergrund, Fortschritte und mechanistische Untersuchungen der CuH‐katalysierten Hydroaminierung.
A woman with a hydrosalpinx (2015)

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What, when, and where? -- Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Grounding in Untrimmed Multi-Action Videos from Narrated Instructions (2023)

Spatio-temporal grounding describes the task of localizing events in space and time, e.g., in video data, based on verbal descriptions only. Models for this task are usually trained with human-annotated sentences and bounding box supervision. This work addresses this task from a multimodal supervision perspective, proposing a framework for spatio-temporal action grounding trained on loose video and subtitle supervision only, without human annotation. To this end, we combine local representation learning, which focuses on leveraging fine-grained spatial information, with a global representation encoding that captures higher-level representations and incorporates both in a joint approach. To evaluate this challenging task in a real-life setting, a new benchmark dataset is proposed providing dense spatio-temporal grounding annotations in long, untrimmed, multi-action instructional videos for over 5K events. We evaluate the proposed approach and other methods on the proposed and standard downstream tasks showing that our method improves over current baselines in various settings, including spatial, temporal, and untrimmed multi-action spatio-temporal grounding.