gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography in reflection mode with ring-shaped light illumination (2009)

We have succeeded in implementing ring-shaped light illumination ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT) in reflection mode. The system used intense acoustic bursts and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera-based speckle contrast detection method. In addition, the implementation allows placing the tissue sample below (not within) an acoustic coupling water tank and scanning the tissue without moving the sample. Thus, the UOT system is more clinically applicable than previous transmission-mode systems. Furthermore, we have successfully imaged an ex vivo methylene-blue-dyed sentinel lymph node (SLN) embedded at a depth of 13 mm in chicken breast tissue. This UOT system offers several advantages: noninvasiveness, nonionizing radiation, portability, cost effectiveness, and the possibility of combination with ultrasound pulse-echo imaging and photoacoustic imaging. One potential application of the UOT system is mapping SLNs in axillary staging for breast cancer patients.
Early Results of Spinal Fusion Using Variable Spine Plating System (1988)

Seventy-seven consecutive patients underwent application of variable spine plating (VSP) spinal plates between August 1984 and October 1985. Sixty-four percent had previous procedures at the same level or levels operated. Operative indications were spinal stenosis, segmental instability, unstable spondylolisthesis, herniated disc with instability, pseudoarthrosis, unstable fracture, and failed surgery syndrome with evidence of one of the preceding. Overall results showed 30% excellent, 30% good, 34% fair, 6% poor. There were four deep wound infections and 19 patients with one or more broken screws. Screw alignment and the angular relationship of each screw to the spinal plate are considered important technical factors in minimizing screw failure. Vigorous distraction of the vertebrae using interpedicular screws is rarely indicated. Twenty-four patients required reoperation. We feel the procedure is relatively indicated in cases of moderate to severe instability, such as some cases of spondylolisthesis, failed surgery with marked segmental instability, the obese, deconditioned patient, or cases of spinal stenosis rendered very unstable by surgical decompression, and most strongly indicated in unstable lumbar and thoracolumbar fractures.
In Vivo Misfolding of Proinsulin Below the Threshold of Frank Diabetes (2011)

The results indicate a source of pancreatic compensation before the development of diabetes caused by proinsulin misfolding with ER stress, i.e., the existence of an important subset of β-cells with relatively limited accumulation of misfolded proinsulin protein and maintenance of endogenous insulin production. Generation and maintenance of such a subset of β-cells may have implications in the avoidance of type 2 diabetes.
Comparative genome-scale modelling of Staphylococcus aureus strains identifies strain-specific metabolic capabilities linked to pathogenicity (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus is a preeminent bacterial pathogen capable of colonizing diverse ecological niches within its human host. We describe here the pangenome of S. aureus based on analysis of genome sequences from 64 strains of S. aureus spanning a range of ecological niches, host types, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Based on this set, S. aureus is expected to have an open pangenome composed of 7,411 genes and a core genome composed of 1,441 genes. Metabolism was highly conserved in this core genome; however, differences were identified in amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis pathways between the strains. Genome-scale models (GEMs) of metabolism were constructed for the 64 strains of S. aureus These GEMs enabled a systems approach to characterizing the core metabolic and panmetabolic capabilities of the S. aureus species. All models were predicted to be auxotrophic for the vitamins niacin (vitamin B3) and thiamin (vitamin B1), whereas strain-specific auxotrophies were predicted for riboflavin (vitamin B2), guanosine, leucine, methionine, and cysteine, among others. GEMs were used to systematically analyze growth capabilities in more than 300 different growth-supporting environments. The results identified metabolic capabilities linked to pathogenic traits and virulence acquisitions. Such traits can be used to differentiate strains responsible for mild vs. severe infections and preference for hosts (e.g., animals vs. humans). Genome-scale analysis of multiple strains of a species can thus be used to identify metabolic determinants of virulence and increase our understanding of why certain strains of this deadly pathogen have spread rapidly throughout the world.
<title>VCSELs with a novel integrated quantum-well absorber</title> (1998)

The high reflectivity of VCSEL mirrors renders the device very sensitive to small changes int he reflectivity or absorption within the laser cavity. Therefore, the integration of a quantum-well absorber within the VCSEL enables compact, monolithic devices with multiple functions. As a result, the VCSEL exhibits a variety of useful characteristics under different configurations. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a quantum-well absorber within one of the VCSEL mirror stacks. With strategic design and simple biasing circuitry, we have shown experimentally (1) a VCSEL with an integrated quantum-well photodetector, (2) a self-pulsating VCSEL with a controllable quantum-well saturable absorber, and (3) a novel technique for VCSEL modulation where the quantum-well absorption is modulated, thereby modulating the laser light output. The theory, design criteria, experimental results, and potential applications for these devices are discussed.
Non‐invasive theranostic to predict and assess response to atherosclerotic drugs (2013)

Effective biomarkers are needed for assessing atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability for prognostic and longitudinal use. We report on a preliminary proof of concept using contrast MRI and textural kinetic analysis. Multivariate quantitative descriptors are developed using controlled outcome studies on a specialized model to identify candidate imaging markers that in composite are able to accurately distinguish vulnerable and stable plaque in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal applications. We hypothesize that characteristic patterns of lipid intermixed with extracellular matrix fibers, necrotic tissue, inflammatory cells and intra‐plaque hemorrhage are detectable via the use of steerable, multi‐scale Gabor filters, localized pixel statistics, and second order co‐occurrence textural features. These derived attributes are capable of discriminating functional microvascular networks without requiring resolution beyond that of standard DCE MRI. Neovascularization, presence of extracellular matrix and increased tissue permeability leading to increased distribution volume is evaluated by fitting cubic polynomials to the contrast media uptake signal to provide more effective separation between vulnerable and stable plaque than possible by merely relying on thresholding of time activity curves. Preliminary results demonstrate good discrimination between interventional study arms.
Distributed Energy-Efficient Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) in Multi-Cell HetNets (2013)

We present a distributed energy-efficient Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) scheme for multi- cell HetNets (Heterogeneous Networks) in the downlink. This novel scheme aims to maximize the user fairness performance of the overall system as well as minimizing the total average transmit power at the base station side. We consider a realistic power model to characterize the power consumed (including circuit and transmitted power) at the base station side. We define an energy efficient performance metric in bits/Joule and the user fairness as the 5th percentile of the average user throughput. The proposed scheme is divided into the following three stages: dominant interferences classification, inter-cell radio resource allocation and intra-cell power control. The inter-cell radio resource allocation is formulated as a multidimensional knapsack problem. In order to satisfy the complexity requirements associated with multi-cell networks, we simplify, relax and decompose the original problem into a main master problem and multiple sub-problems. Our simulation results show the proposed scheme significantly increases both the user fairness and the energy efficiency (EE) of the overall network.
Intelligent RAN Power Saving using Balanced Model Training in Cellular Networks (2022)

optimizing power consumption of 5G systems and next generation technology deployments is a critical problem. It is essential that the solution for optimizing power consumption takes into account the tradeoffs with maintaining service level agreement (SLA). Mobile network operator (MNO) may have different priorities for the objectives of saving power and for maintaining SLA, which depends on factors, such as customer contract, location, time of day, type of traffic, etc. In this paper, we design an intelligent solution using switching cells on-off action to save power, using machine learning (ML)/ deep learning (DL) methods to forecast future traffic load. We firstly identify the problem of training imbalance in traffic load prediction due to data imbalance in real cellular networks, and MNO preferences for the competing objectives of saving power and SLA maintenance. We then propose a novel solution that incorporates Balancing Loss Function, which addresses the training imbalance problem. Compared with the performance of previous approaches such as Mean Square Error (MSE) minimization traffic forecast based methods, we demonstrate using network field data that our method is able to achieve upto 3X improvement in service quality outage, with fairly similar power savings.
An RF Chipset for Impulse Radio UWB Using 0.13 &#x003BC;m InP-HEMT Technology (2006)

A novel ultra wideband impulse radio architecture for 24 GHz-band short-range radar was developed using 0.13 mum InP-HEMT technology. The transmitter part generates an extremely wide band impulse from a pulse generator and then filters it by using a band pass filter (BPF). The obtained impulse shows a bandwidth of over 40 GHz and achieves flatness in the target band. The power amplifier (PA) for the transmitter has a gain of 15 plusmn 0.05 dB, and the low noise amplifier (LNA) for the receiver has a gain of 40 plusmn 1 dB. The achieved flatness of the integration gain including the PA, LNA, and RF-switch is less than plusmn 1.1 dB. These RF circuits with gain flatness make possible a simple matched filter configuration without the use of a conventional correlator composed of a local oscillator
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Rearrangement of Block Copolymer Brushes (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Background Controlled/“Living” Free Radical Polymerization Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) Synthesis of Block Copolymer Brushes Diblock Copolymer Brushes Triblock Copolymer Brushes Rearrangement of Block Copolymer Brushes Rearrangement of Diblock Copolymer Brushes
Supplementary Figure Legend from CCT244747 Is a Novel Potent and Selective CHK1 Inhibitor with Oral Efficacy Alone and in Combination with Genotoxic Anticancer Drugs (2023)

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A new algorithm for joint impulse response shortening in DMT systems (2003)

In discrete multitone (DMT) systems, a cyclic prefix (CP) is inserted between transmitted symbols to eliminate the intersymbol interference (ISI). When the CP length is smaller than the channel order, a time domain equalizer (TEQ) can be used to shorten the channel impulse response. For full-duplex DMT systems with overlapped upstream band and downstream band, an echo canceller is needed to separate the signals transmitted in opposite directions. The complexity of the echo canceller is proportional to the length of the echo impulse response. This paper proposes a new algorithm for these full-duplex DMT systems that is able to reduce the effective channel and echo impulse responses using a single TEQ filter. Computer simulations show that the proposed algorithm has better throughput performance for the channel path and better generalized signal-to-interference ratio for the echo path than some existing algorithm.
In silico method for modelling metabolism and gene product expression at genome scale (2012)

Transcription and translation use raw materials and energy generated metabolically to create the macromolecular machinery responsible for all cellular functions, including metabolism. A biochemically accurate model of molecular biology and metabolism will facilitate comprehensive and quantitative computations of an organism's molecular constitution as a function of genetic and environmental parameters. Here we formulate a model of metabolism and macromolecular expression. Prototyping it using the simple microorganism Thermotoga maritima, we show our model accurately simulates variations in cellular composition and gene expression. Moreover, through in silico comparative transcriptomics, the model allows the discovery of new regulons and improving the genome and transcription unit annotations. Our method presents a framework for investigating molecular biology and cellular physiology in silico and may allow quantitative interpretation of multi-omics data sets in the context of an integrated biochemical description of an organism.
Extracting the Essential Simplicity of the Internet (2023)

Looking past inessential complexities to explain the Internet's simple yet daring design.
Heteromeric KCNE2/KCNQ1 potassium channels in the luminal membrane of gastric parietal cells (2004)

Recently, we and others have shown that luminal K+ recycling via KCNQ1 K+ channels is required for gastric H+ secretion. Inhibition of KCNQ1 by the chromanol 293B strongly diminished H+ secretion. The present study aims at clarifying KCNQ1 subunit composition, subcellular localization, regulation and pharmacology in parietal cells. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques, we identified KCNE2 as the beta subunit of KCNQ1 in the luminal membrane compartment of parietal cells. Expressed in COS cells, hKCNE2/hKCNQ1 channels were activated by acidic pH, PIP2, cAMP and purinergic receptor stimulation. Qualitatively similar results were obtained in mouse parietal cells. Confocal microscopy revealed stimulation-induced translocation of H+,K+-ATPase from tubulovesicles towards the luminal pole of parietal cells, whereas distribution of KCNQ1 K+ channels did not change to the same extent. In COS cells the 293B-related substance IKs124 blocked hKCNE2/hKCNQ1 with an IC50 of 8 nM. Inhibition of hKCNE1- and hKCNE3-containing channels was weaker with IC50 values of 370 and 440 nM, respectively. In conclusion, KCNQ1 coassembles with KCNE2 to form acid-activated luminal K+ channels of parietal cells. KCNQ1/KCNE2 is activated during acid secretion via several pathways but probably not by targeting of the channel to the membrane. IKs124 could serve as a leading compound in the development of subunit-specific KCNE2/KCNQ1 blockers to treat peptic ulcers.
Plasma-aided template synthesis of inorganic nanotubes and nanorods (2007)

This work presents a new sol–gel deposition method to synthesize high purity SiO2 and ZrO2 nanotubes and nanorods using track-etched membrane templates. Oxygen plasma pretreatment ensures pore-filling of the precursor solution and covalent bonding between template and precursor, while pyrolysis of the template–nanostructure composite completely removes organics and produces inorganic nanostructures. The nanotube/nanorod aspect ratio was tunable by the pore size and thickness of the template, while the wall thickness (from tube to rod) was controlled by the precursor concentration. The solvent-free plasma treatment and pyrolysis provide an efficient synthetic route to produce high purity inorganic nanostructures.
Fractional Excretion of Angiogenic Factors in Women With Severe Preeclampsia (2006)

Severe preeclampsia is characterized by increased fractional excretion of angiogenic factors and especially of vascular endothelial growth factor, likely reflecting 2 separate phenomena that may have additive effects: "endogenous" renal production and glomerular "leakage."
Gamma Rays and Bleomycin Nick DNA and Reverse the DNase I Sensitivity of β-Globin Gene Chromatin in Vivo (1987)

The active beta-globin genes in chicken erythrocytes, like all active genes, reside in large chromatin domains which are preferentially sensitive to digestion by DNase I. We have recently proposed that the special structure of chromatin in active domains is maintained by torsional stress in the DNA (Villeponteau et al., Cell 39:469-478, 1984). This hypothesis predicts that nicking of the DNA within any such chromosomal domain in vivo will relax the DNA and lead to loss of the special DNase I-sensitive state. Here we have tested this prediction by using gamma irradiation and bleomycin treatment to cleave DNA within intact chicken embryo erythrocytes. Both treatments cause reversal of DNase I sensitivity. Moreover, reversal occurs at approximately one nick per 150 kilobase pairs for both agents despite their entirely unrelated modes of cell penetration and DNA attack. These results suggest that the domain of DNase I sensitivity surrounding the beta-globin genes comprises 150 kilobase pairs of chromatin under torsional stress and that a single DNA nick in this region is sufficient to reverse the DNase I sensitivity throughout the entire domain.
An advanced fingerprint sensor LSI and its application to a fingerprint identification system (2003)

We developed an advanced fingerprint sensor LSI that features a novel sensor structure, sensing circuit, and calibration circuit, using the 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process/sensor process. The LSI is reliable, sensitive, and tolerant to changes in the sensor surface conditions for capturing clear fingerprint image over long-term use. We also introduce a fingerprint-image adjustment scheme with an adjustable A/D converter to obtain image quality suitable for identification. The fingerprint sensor LSI was applied to a fingerprint identification system with the fingerprint-image adjustment scheme and achieved sufficient performance for a practical fingerprint identification system.
Phase II Study of Lutetium-177-Labeled Anti-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Monoclonal Antibody J591 for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2020)

To assess the efficacy of a single infusion of radiolabeled anti-prostate specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 (177Lu-J591) by PSA decline, measurable disease response, and survival.
Array Processing for Wireless Communications (1998)

By equipping the base stations of a wireless network with antenna arrays, it is possible to more fully exploit the spatial dimension in a wireless communication system. Multiple antennas can provide a processing gain to increase the base station range and improve coverage. Also, by exploiting the spatial selectivity of an antenna array, interference may be reduced which in turn can be traded for increased capacity of the system. A wide range of wireless communication systems may benefit from spatial processing including high mobility cellular systems, low mobility short range systems, wireless local loop applications, satellite communications and wireless LAN. By employing an array of antennas, it is possible to multiplex channels in the spatial dimension just as in the frequency and time dimensions. This is often referred to as Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA). To increase system capacity, spatially selective reception as well as spatially selective transmission must be achieve...
Structural Properties of Pb<sub>1-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>Te Alloys (2004)

Pb1-xMnxTe crystals were grown by Bridgman method and by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Structural properties of bulk crystals were studied both by optical microscopy after chemical polishing and etching, and by X-ray powder diffraction. For chemical polishing the solution of 5 vol.% Br2 in HBr at the room temperature after exposure for 2 minutes was determined A solution of 20g KOH in 1 ml H2O2, 2ml glycerol (C3H8O3), and 20 ml H2O at the room temperature after exposure for 6 minutes was found to be a suitable etching solution. The lattice parameters of samples obtained on different way (Bridgman and MBE) were determined.
Final analysis of the CLL2-GIVe trial: obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax for untreated CLL with del(17p)/TP53mut (2023)

The final analysis of the open-label, multicenter phase 2 CLL2-GIVe trial shows response and tolerability of the triple combination of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax (GIVe regimen) in 41 previously untreated patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation. Induction consisted of 6 cycles of GIVe; venetoclax and ibrutinib were continued up to cycle 12 as consolidation. Ibrutinib was given until cycle 15 or up to cycle 36 in patients not achieving a complete response and with detectable minimal residual disease. The primary end point was the complete remission rate at cycle 15, which was achieved at 58.5% (95% CI, 42.1-73.7; P < .001). The last patient reached the end of the study in January 2022. After a median observation time of 38.4 months (range, 3.7-44.9), the 36-month progression-free survival was 79.9%, and the 36-month overall survival was 92.6%. Only 6 patients continued ibrutinib maintenance. Adverse events of concern were neutropenia (48.8%, grade ≥3) and infections (19.5%, grade ≥3). Cardiovascular toxicity grade 3 occurred as atrial fibrillation at a rate of 2.4% between cycles 1 and 12, as well as hypertension (4.9%) between cycles 1 and 6. The incidence of adverse events of any grade and grade ≥3 was highest during induction and decreased over time. Progressive disease was observed in 7 patients between cycles 27 and 42. In conclusion, the CLL2-GIVe regimen is a promising fixed-duration, first-line treatment for patients with high-risk CLL with a manageable safety profile.
Cu-Adatom-Mediated Bonding in Close-Packed Benzoate/Cu(110)-Systems (2008)

Using UHV-STM investigations and density-functional theory calculations we prove the contribution of Cu-adatoms to the stabilization of a new high-density phase of benzoate molecules on a Cu(110) substrate. We show that two different chemical species, benzoate and benzoate Cu-adatoms molecules, build the new close-packed structure. Although both species bind strongly to the copper surface, we identify the benzoate Cu-adatoms molecules as the more mobile species on the surface due to their reduced dipole moment and their lower binding energy compared to benzoate molecules. Therefore, the self-assembly process is supposed to be mediated by benzoate Cu-adatom species, which is analogous to the gold-thiolate species on Au(111) surfaces.