gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of tube bundle arrangement for flooded shell-and-tube evaporator (2017)

Tube bundle arrangement has a great effect on the heat transfer performance of flooded shell-and-tube heat exchanger. In the present study, a shell-side heat transfer model was established to reveal the effect of tube bundle arrangement for flooded shell-tube evaporator, and was validated experimentally; the simulation results agree well with the experimental data with a deviation less than 15%. Based on the validated model, the effect of tube arrangement was analyzed; in the upper section of tube bundle, the size and amount of bubbles increase, leading to deterioration of heat transfer. The optimization method for uneven configuration of the horizontal and vertical tube spaces was proposed, and the optimized tube spaces were obtained; the performance of the optimized heat exchanger was tested and compared with that of the original one, and shows over 10% higher heat transfer capacity than the original one.
Targeted sequencing reveals clonal genetic changes in the progression of early lung neoplasms and paired circulating DNA (2015)

Lungs resected for adenocarcinomas often harbour minute discrete foci of cytologically atypical pneumocyte proliferations designated as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Evidence suggests that AAH represents an initial step in the progression to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and fully invasive adenocarcinoma. Despite efforts to identify predictive markers of malignant transformation, alterations driving this progression are poorly understood. Here we perform targeted next-generation sequencing on multifocal AAHs and different zones of histologic progression within AISs and MIAs. Multiregion sequencing demonstrated different genetic drivers within the same tumour and reveal that clonal expansion is an early event of tumorigenesis. We find that KRAS, TP53 and EGFR mutations are indicators of malignant transition. Utilizing droplet digital PCR, we find alterations associated with early neoplasms in paired circulating DNA. This study provides insight into the heterogeneity of clonal events in the progression of early lung neoplasia and demonstrates that these events can be detected even before neoplasms have invaded and acquired malignant potential.
A 17-gene panel for prediction of adverse surgical pathology in the setting of MRI-guided prostate biopsy. (2017)

5063 Background: A 17 gene panel (Oncotype Dx Genomic Prostate Score, GPS) has been validated as an independent predictor of adverse pathology (AP, defined as pathological GS 4+3 or higher and/or pT3+) in men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) may help guide prostate biopsies. We explored synergies between GPS and mpMRI to aid in PCa management decisions. Methods: A cohort of men with NCCN Low and Intermediate-Risk PCa who were managed with RP was identified from a clinical database. Patients were required to have had a simultaneous mpMRI-guided and systematic biopsy and to have undergone RP within 6 months. Biopsy tissue of the highest Gleason pattern was used for calculation of GPS. The primary endpoint was AP. Secondary endpoints included the range of GPS within UCLA prostate MRI risk groups and median GPS when there was discrepancy between MRI and systematic biopsy Gleason Score (GS). Logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the relationship between GPS (per 20 units) and AP. Results: 134 men met criteria for the primary endpoint. Median age was 62 years (range 46-77). NCCN Low &amp; Intermediate-Risk PCa was present in 16%, and 84% of men, respectively. Biopsy GS 3+3/3+4/4+3 was present in 19%, 67%, and 13%, respectively. In a univariable model, GPS was associated with AP (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.1 to 7.4, p &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for highest biopsy GS and clinical T-stage, GPS remained significantly associated with AP (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.8, p = 0.0004). A wide and overlapping distribution of GPS was noted across UCLA MRI prostate risk groups, indicating that GPS provides information that is distinct from what can be determined from mpMRI. When there was a discrepancy between mpMRI and systematic biopsy GS, mpMRI targeted lesions with higher GS had higher median GPS (33, range 13-70) than systematic biopsies with higher GS (median GPS 25, range 15-55). Conclusions: GPS provides independent and complementary prognostic information to mpMRI-guided biopsies. The combination of mpMRI for biopsy guidance and GPS for molecular analysis may optimize prediction of AP and improve patient selection for treatment versus surveillance.
Dynamics of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines with High Dilution (2007)

This paper analyzes the stability of the autoignition process of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines in light of the cycle-to-cycle thermal feedback due to the high percentage of exhaust dilution. The influence of heat transfer and the cooling system on the system stability is investigated. The returning map and the stability of the multiple steady state equilibria are confirmed with a high order dynamic nonlinear model, which includes manifold filling and composition dynamics and has been validated both at steady state and during transient. It is shown that the autoignition, which is based on high exhaust gas recirculation and thus strong cycle-to-cycle temperature coupling, can depart from the region of attraction of a stable equilibrium during large and fast changes in fueling level.
Metal mediated solvent free synthesis of homoallylic alcohols (2001)

In, Bi, Cu and Zn metals mediate the allylation of various carbonyl compounds under solvent free conditions. Controlling the exothermic nature of these reactions, to prevent decomposition of starting materials, results in good to excellent yields of the corresponding homoallylic alcohols.
Calibration methods influence quantitative material decomposition in photon-counting spectral CT (2017)

Photon-counting detectors and nanoparticle contrast agents can potentially enable molecular imaging and material decomposition in computed tomography (CT). Material decomposition has been investigated using both simulated and acquired data sets. However, the effect of calibration methods on material decomposition has not been systematically investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the range and number of contrast agent concentrations within a modular calibration phantom on quantitative material decomposition. A commerciallyavailable photon-counting spectral micro-CT (MARS Bioimaging) was used to acquire images with five energy bins selected to normalize photon counts and leverage the contrast agent k-edge. Material basis matrix values were determined using multiple linear regression models and material decomposition was performed using a maximum a posteriori estimator. The accuracy of quantitative material decomposition was evaluated by the root mean squared error (RMSE), specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC). An increased maximum concentration (range) in the calibration significantly improved RMSE, specificity and AUC. The effects of an increased number of concentrations in the calibration were not statistically significant for the conditions in this study. The overall results demonstrated that the accuracy of quantitative material decomposition in spectral CT is significantly influenced by calibration methods, which must therefore be carefully considered for the intended diagnostic imaging application.
Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions of 2-Vinylindoles: A New Approach to Functionalized Carbazoles (1990)

Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of 2-vinylindoles are discussed.When the dienophile is appended to C2 of the 2-vinylindole, these reactions represent a novel approach to carbazole derivatives.Recently we disclosed a simple, two step synthesis of 2-vinylindoles,' a class of indole derivatives which.although previously difficult to synthesize, are important intermediates for many indole derivatives, including natural products.2This methodology, summarized in Scheme I, utilized 2-alkylindole-3carboxylates (1) in a one pot procedure to form 2-vinylindole-3-carboxylic acids (2) via deprotonation of the C2 methylene, attack of the resulting stabilized anion on an aldehyde or ketone, lactonization of the resulting alkoxide, and finally "internal elimination" of the carboxylic acid to yield 2.3 The C3-unsubstituted 2vinylindoles (3) were then readily available via thermal decarboxylation of 2. This two pot synthesis of 2vinylindoles resulted in moderate to excellent yields of 3 from 1 with a wide variety of substituents.As a
Outcomes After Interpositional Arthroplasty of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint (2017)

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Charge transport in hydrogenated boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon-silicon carbide alloys (2005)

We have investigated the carrier transport mechanism of mixed-phased hydrogenated boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon–silicon carbide alloy (p-nc-Si-SiC:H) films. From temperature-dependent dark conductivity measurements, we found that the p-nc-Si-SiC:H alloys have two different carrier transport mechanisms: one is the thermally activated hopping between neighboring crystallites near the room-temperature region and the other is the band tail hopping below 150 K.
Degenerate Viterbi Decoding (2013)

We present a decoding algorithm for quantum convolutional codes that finds the class of degenerate errors with the largest probability conditioned on a given error syndrome. The algorithm runs in time linear with the number of qubits. Previous decoding algorithms for quantum convolutional codes optimized the probability over individual errors instead of classes of degenerate errors. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that this modification to the decoding algorithm results in a significantly lower block error rate.
Kinase Atlas: Druggability Analysis of Potential Allosteric Sites in Kinases (2019)

The inhibition of kinases has been pursued by the pharmaceutical industry for over 20 years. While the locations of the sites that bind type II and III inhibitors at or near the adenosine 5'-triphosphate binding sites are well defined, the literature describes 10 different regions that were reported as regulatory hot spots in some kinases and thus are potential target sites for type IV inhibitors. Kinase Atlas is a systematic collection of binding hot spots located at the above ten sites in 4910 structures of 376 distinct kinases available in the Protein Data Bank. The hot spots are identified by FTMap, a computational analogue of experimental fragment screening. Users of Kinase Atlas ( https://kinase-atlas.bu.edu ) may view summarized results for all structures of a particular kinase, such as which binding sites are present and how druggable they are, or they may view hot spot information for a particular kinase structure of interest.
Complete modeling of subsurface microscopy system based on aplanatic solid immersion lens (2012)

A general model of a subsurface microscopy system based on an aplanatic solid immersion lens (ASIL) is presented. This model is composed of three components: generation of incident light into the ASIL, interaction of the incident light with the sample, and imaging of the scattered light. Interaction of incident light with sample can be calculated numerically using electromagnetic scattering theory, while vector diffraction theory is used to treat the other two components. Examples of imaging small and extended scatterers are shown. For small scatterers, we show the differences between the actual resolution of the whole system and the resolution predicted by considering only one subsystem of the whole system. For extended scatterers, two types of illuminations-focusing light illumination and plane wave direct illumination-are used to image the scatterers, and observations are explained using interaction of the incident light with the sample.
Abstract 3653: Structure-based study to overcome cross-reactivity of novel androgen receptor inhibitors (2015)

Abstract The mutation-driven transformation of clinically used anti-androgens into agonists of human androgen receptor (AR) represents a major challenge in the current treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). To address this problem, we have developed a novel class of AR inhibitors targeting the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the receptor, which is distanced from the mutations-prone androgen binding site (ABS) in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the AR, targeted by all conventional antiandrogens. While many members of the developed phenyl-thiazol-2-yl-morpholine series demonstrated potent sub-micromolar inhibition of the wild-type AR, some compounds also exhibited an undesired partial agonistic effect toward the T877A mutated form of the receptor, implying their cross-interaction with the AR ABS. To study the molecular basis of the cross-reactivity, we have solved the T877A mutated form of the AR LBD in complex with one developed compound exhibiting such unwanted partial agonism. Based on the resolved crystal structure, we have identified critical protein-ligand interactions and conformational changes in wild-type and T877A forms of AR that drive observed agonistic effects. The identified structural basis has further been used to modify the scaffold of developed AR DBD binders to eliminate their cross-reactivity toward T877A mutated AR LBD. In particular, the replacement of the phenyl ring with less hydrophobic heterocycles resulted in a series of inhibitors that did not demonstrate affinity toward ABS or exhibit an undesired agonistic effect on AR. This study provides insights into the development of AR inhibitors with high specificity, which may help overcome the mutation-driven resistance of anti-AR drugs in the treatment of PCa. Citation Format: Huifang Li, Nada Lallous, Kush Dalal, Eric Leblanc, Fuqiang Ban, Fabrice Ciesielski, Paul S. Rennie, Artem Cherkasov. Structure-based study to overcome cross-reactivity of novel androgen receptor inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3653. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3653
A compact UWB bandpass filter using a center‐tapped composite right/left‐handed transmission‐line zeroth‐order resonator (2011)

Abstract The design of a new UWB bandpass filter is proposed, which has a center tapped microstrip composite right/left‐handed transmission‐line zeroth‐order resonator (CRLH‐TL ZOR). In an attempt to reduce the size, instead of the conventional periodic CRLH‐TL, only one cell ZOR geometry is adopted and optimized to have the target UWB bandpass filtering. Along with this subwavelength filter, the matching parts working as a stepped impedance low‐pass filter are suggested for good matching and stopband enhancement. The proposed filter is shown to have the overall size of “0.69λ g × 0.73λ g ,” the fractional bandwidth over 100%, the insertion loss much less than 1 dB, and the flat group delay with an acceptable return loss performance in the predicted and measured results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26170
GENEVAL (2006)

We propose to organise a series of sharedtask NLG events, where participants are asked to build systems with similar input/output functionalities, and these systems are evaluated with a range of different evaluation techniques. The main purpose of these events is to allow us to compare different evaluation techniques, by correlating the results of different evaluations on the systems entered in the events.
Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from H2 and O2 Using Al2O3 Supported Au—Pd Catalysts. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Prediction of lithographic performance of resist/BARC bilayers in topographic situations: application to organic and inorganic BARCs (1997)

Due to inherent planarization effects when coating on topography, both the resist and organic bottom anti reflective coating (BARC) thicknesses vary, as do the final reflectivity and critical dimensions (CD). As a consequence, determination of the optimal BARC thicknesses and prediction of the lithographic performance, taking into account topography effects over the whole chip, are not easy. Lithographic performances are thus usually measured or calculated using modeling over plane wafers. In this paper, we propose a practical representation of the lithographic performance of the BARC/resist bilayer and a simulation algorithm allowing determination of both the optimal BARC thicknesses and the lithographic performance window over the whole chip. Practical examples are given demonstrating the role of such a simulation.
Synthesis of chiral molybdenum ROMP initiators and all-cis highly tactic poly(2,3-(R)2norbornadiene) (R = CF3 or CO2Me) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of chiral molybdenum ROMP initiators and all-cis highly tactic poly(2,3-(R)2norbornadiene) (R = CF3 or CO2Me)David H. McConville, Jennifer R. Wolf, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 4413–4414Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a090https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1193Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Diffusive Representation: A Powerful Method to Analyze Temporal Signals from Metal-Oxide Gas Sensors Used in Pulsed Mode (2021)

The main objective of this work was to find the most efficient method to interpolate metal oxide gas sensor used in a pulsed-temperature operating mode. This pulsed thermal profile is obtained by applying 6 power steps of 2 s each on the heater resistor. The experimental values of the sensing layer resistance, with a sampling time of 4ms, were interpolated by using two different static methods: a polynomial modelling and a neural network modelling, and one dynamic method: the diffusive representation. Then, the results have been compared in terms of precision and number of useful output data, as minimum as possible for high performance and rapid data treatment which is great of interest in embedded systems. The best results are obtained with the diffusive representation; it allows converting 500 measurements into 11 output coefficients.
Corralling Pancreatic Cancer through Epigenetic Reprogramming (2018)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) occurs in the context of an exuberant desmoplastic response that produces a ‘living chimera’ of tumor and activated stromal components. We have shown that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed at high levels in activated human pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and, in response to ligand, reprograms PSCs to the quiescent state. In vivo, a synthetic VDR agonist (Cal) similarly remodels tumor stroma, enhancing the anti‐tumor effects of gemcitabine and reducing tumor growth. We will describe the use of a three‐dimensional culture system to dissect the adaptive impact of the stromal secretome on the cancer cell. This integrative approach identified the rapid mobilization of more than a dozen gene networks (cell cycle, steroid biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, DNA replication, etc.), as well as a commensurate adaptive metabolome. In examining chromatin adaptation, our work uncovers a molecular ‘ and‐gate’ such that tumor activation is the consequence of mutant Ras and the TME. To mediate this molecular handshake, we find that BRD2 (but not BRD4) in the epithelial compartment transduces stromal cues at the genomic level. This response is blocked by the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 and reduces pancreatic tumor growth in vivo . Collectively, we describe a novel molecular connection between the stroma and a driver oncogene that offers new insights into the role of the TME in the treatment of ras‐driven tumor. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Toward trusted, social-aware D2D connectivity: bridging across the technology and sociality realms (2016)

Driven by the unprecedented increase of mobile data traffic, D2D communications technology is rapidly moving into the mainstream of the 5G networking landscape. While D2D connectivity originally emerged as a technology enabler for public safety services, it is likely to remain at the heart of the 5G ecosystem by spawning a wide diversity of proximate applications and services. In this work, we argue that the widespread adoption of the direct communications paradigm is unlikely without embracing the concepts of trust and social-aware cooperation between end users and network operators. However, such adoption remains conditional on identifying adequate incentives that engage humans and their connected devices in a plethora of collective activities. To this end, the mission of our research is to advance the vision of social-aware and trusted D2D connectivity, as well as to facilitate its further adoption. We begin by reviewing the various types of underlying incentives with the emphasis on sociality and trust, discuss these factors specifically for humans and for networked devices (machines), and also propose a novel framework allowing construction of much needed incentive-aware D2D applications. Our supportive system-level performance evaluations suggest that trusted and social-aware direct connectivity has the potential to decisively augment network performance. We conclude by outlining the future perspectives of its development across the research and standardization sectors.
Picosecond processes studied using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques and a pulsed free-electron laser (1997)

The Stanford Free Electron Laser (FEL) is a source of high peak-power, short-pulsed radiation tunable throughout the mid- and far-infrared. This light source is ideal for the study of nonlinear spectroscopic processes such as the characterization of the vibrational dynamics of molecules or the nonlinear optical response of engineered quantum well structures. We have developed a flexible experimental apparatus for conducting these nonlinear experiments. We present here three examples of published work done at the Stanford FEL Center which relied heavily on the unique and flexible characteristics of the Stanford FEL: pump-probe measurements of the SD stretch mode realization in amorphous As<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB>, photon echo measurements of CO in three systems, and measurements of second harmonic generation in InGaAs/AlAs quantum wells. These examples are indicatives of the quality and variety of experiments performed at the Stanford FEL Center in collaboration with outside users.