gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up‐regulation of neuropeptide Y levels and modulation of glutamate release through neuropeptide Y receptors in the hippocampus of kainate‐induced epileptic rats (2005)

Kainate-induced epilepsy has been shown to be associated with increased levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rat hippocampus. However, there is no information on how increased levels of this peptide might modulate excitation in kainate-induced epilepsy. In this work, we investigated the modulation of glutamate release by NPY receptors in hippocampal synaptosomes isolated from epileptic rats. In the acute phase of epilepsy, a transient decrease in the efficiency of NPY and selective NPY receptor agonists in inhibiting glutamate release was observed. Moreover, in the chronic epileptic hippocampus, a decrease in the efficiency of NPY and the Y(2) receptor agonist, NPY13-36, was also found. Simultaneously, we observed that the epileptic hippocampus expresses higher levels of NPY, which may account for an increased basal inhibition of glutamate release. Consistently, the blockade of Y(2) receptors increased KCl-evoked glutamate release, and there was an increase in Y(2) receptor mRNA levels 30 days after kainic acid injection, suggesting a basal effect of NPY through Y(2) receptors. Taken together, these results indicate that an increased function of the NPY modulatory system in the epileptic hippocampus may contribute to basal inhibition of glutamate release and control hyperexcitability.
Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation (2022)

Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but are neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining the redox balance. This redox balance is disrupted in certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which is implicated in several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression is also caused by excessive production of free radicals. Highly reactive free radicals, mainly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), damage the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, which triggers a self-propagating inflammatory cascade of degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions are considered a key mediator in progressive neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery of antioxidants holds promise to alleviate oxidative stress to regain the redox balance. In this regard, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been evaluated. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, clinical translation of antioxidants as a therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated and high dosing, which cannot be administered to humans because of dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory is investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant enzymes to address some of the above issues. Apart from being endogenous, the main advantage of antioxidant enzymes is their catalytic mechanism of action; hence, they are significantly more effective at lower doses in detoxifying the deleterious effects of free radicals than nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of antioxidant therapy, challenges in their clinical translation, and the role nanoparticles/drug delivery systems could play in addressing these challenges.
When relevance is not Enough: Promoting Visual Attractiveness for Fashion E-commerce (2014)

Fashion, and especially apparel, is the fastest-growing category in online shopping. As consumers requires sensory experience especially for apparel goods for which their appearance matters most, images play a key role not only in conveying crucial information that is hard to express in text, but also in affecting consumer's attitude and emotion towards the product. However, research related to e-commerce product image has mostly focused on quality at perceptual level, but not the quality of content, and the way of presenting. This study aims to address the effectiveness of types of image in showcasing fashion apparel in terms of its attractiveness, i.e. the ability to draw consumer's attention, interest, and in return their engagement. We apply advanced vision technique to quantize attractiveness using three common display types in fashion filed, i.e. human model, mannequin, and flat. We perform two-stage study by starting with large scale behavior data from real online market, then moving to well designed user experiment to further deepen our understandings on consumer's reasoning logic behind the action. We propose a Fisher noncentral hypergeometric distribution based user choice model to quantitatively evaluate user's preference. Further, we investigate the potentials to leverage visual impact for a better search that caters to user's preference. A visual attractiveness based re-ranking model that incorporates both presentation efficacy and user preference is proposed. We show quantitative improvement by promoting visual attractiveness into search on top of relevance.
Enhancing the spectral efficiency of the American digital cellular system with coded modulation (2002)

Set partitioned trellis codes and multi-level block codes can be used to increase the information rate of the American digital cellular system (IS-54) from 1.22 bits/symbol to 1.75-2 bits/symbol. This increase in information rate can be used to enhance speech quality or increase system capacity. The bit error rate performance of several block coded modulation schemes is studied via simulation for flat and dispersive Rayleigh fading channels using the IS-54 base-mobile frame format. Coherent and differential detection, and equalization are studied considering finite interleaving and channel estimation via interpolation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Anaconda: SimulationBased Synthesis of Analog Circuits Via Stochastic Pattern Search (2009)

<P>Analog synthesis tools have traditionally traded quality for speed, substituting simplified circuit evaluation methods for full simulation in order to accelerate the numerical search for solution candidates. As a result, these tools have failed to migrate into mainstream use primarily because of difficulties in reconciling the simplified models required for synthesis with the industrial-strength simulation environments required for validation. We argue that for synthesis to be practical, it is essential to synthesize a circuit using the same simulation environment created to validate the circuit. In this paper, we develop a new numerical search algorithm efficient enough to allow full circuit simulation of each circuit candidate, and robust enough to find good solutions for difficult circuits. The method combines the population-of-solutions ideas from evolutionary algorithms with a novel variant of pattern search, and supports transparent network parallelism. Comparison of several synthesized cell-level circuits against manual industrial designs demonstrates the utility of the approach.</P>
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from Molecular Imaging of Therapeutic Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Blockade in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from Molecular Imaging of Therapeutic Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Blockade in Colorectal Cancer
Electrostatic Accumulation and Release of DNA Using a Micromachined Lance (2011)

This paper investigates the accumulation and release of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relative to a surface micromachined silicon lance. The lance is a critical element of nanoinjection, a proposed approach for injecting foreign DNA into living cells. The quantity of DNA accumulated on the nanoinjector lance and the speed at which it can be moved on and off the lance are essential to the proposed system's function. Prototype nanoinjector lances were fabricated using a multilayer surface micromachining process. DNA stained with the fluorescent dye 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylidole dihydrochloride was visualized using fluorescent illumination as the DNA was accumulated on and released from the tips of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microlances using a 1.5-V dc source. In 5 min 46 s, the lance accumulated over 32 000 DNA molecules from a dilute DNA solution. The lance then released over 6200 DNA molecules within 6 s. Finally, the nanoinjector lance was used to inject a reporter gene encoding a red fluorescent protein into a mouse embryo, resulting in expression of the gene. The nanoinjector lance represents an important and significant step in the development of a self-contained MEMS-based DNA injection system.
Suppositories (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Workshop Report: From End-User Programming to End-User Software Engineering (a CHI'06 Workshop) (2018)

End users create software when they use spreadsheet systems, web authoring tools and graphical languages, and when they create educational simulations, macros-by-demonstration, and dynamic e-business web applications and mash-ups. Some end-user developers, such as accountants or teachers, may have no formal training at all in programming. Others, such as scientists or sysadmins, may have significant background in programming, but they still do not see their goals as producing software: rather, they see software as a means to some other goal, such as visualizing a scientific phenomenon or getting a computer set up so that it can talk to the printers in the building. It has become well known that errors are pervasive in end-user software, and the resulting impact is sometimes enormous. A growing number of researchers and developers are working on ways to make the software created by end users more reliable, by looking beyond the “create” aspect of the software lifecycle.
Single-Carrier FDMA versus Cyclic-Prefix CDMA (2007)

In order to meet the data rate and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the future cellular systems, new air interfaces are currently under development. In this paper, we compare two air interfaces of particular interest for the uplink: cyclic-prefix code-division multiple access (CP-CDMA) proposed in the literature as an evolution of direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) because it enables the low complexity equalization of the multipath channel in the frequency domain, and single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA), recently proposed in the long term evolution of the 3GPP standard because it enables the easy separation of the users in the frequency domain. We demonstrate analytically that SC-FDMA is a special case of CP-CDMA, in which the CDMA codes have been optimized to minimize the symbol estimation mean square error (MSE) under a constraint of received power. Numerical results show that SC-FDMA outperforms significantly CP-CDMA at high user loads. The transmit power necessary to fulfill the received power constraint is higher in case of SC-FDMA than in case of CP-CDMA when the carrier sub-sets are allocated randomly to the users, and lower when the carrier sub-sets are allocated in an optimized way.
Hijacking bacterial glycosylation for the production of glycoconjugates, from vaccines to humanised glycoproteins (2014)

Characterisation of the first bacterial N-linked glycosylation system in the human enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni has led to substantial biotechnological applications. Alternative methods for glycoconjugate vaccine production have been developed using this N-linked system. Vaccines against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms have been developed, and efficacy testing has thus far demonstrated that the vaccines are safe and that robust immune responses are being detected. These are likely to complement and reduce the cost of current technologies thus opening new avenues for glycoconjugate vaccines. These new markets could potentially include glycoconjugate vaccines tailored specifically for animal vaccination, which has until today thought to be non-viable due to the cost of current in-vitro chemical conjugation methods. Utilisation of N-linked glycosylation to generate humanised glycoproteins is also close to becoming reality. This 'bottom up' assembly mechanism removes the heterogeneity seen in current humanised products. The majority of developments reported in this review exploit a single N-linked glycosylation system from Campylobacter jejuni; however, alternative N-linked glycosylation systems have been discovered which should help to overcome current technical limitations and perhaps more systems remain to be discovered. The likelihood is that further glycosylation systems exist and are waiting to be exploited.
Framework for Evaluating Water Quality of the New England Crystalline Rock Aquifers (2008)

Little information exists on regional ground-water-quality patterns for the New England crystalline rock aquifers (NECRA). A systematic approach to facilitate regional evaluation is needed for several reasons. First, the NECRA are vulnerable to anthropogenic and natural contaminants such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), arsenic, and radon gas. Second, the physical characteristics of the aquifers, termed 'intrinsic susceptibility', can lead to variable and degraded water quality. A framework approach for characterizing the aquifer region into areas of similar hydrogeology is described in this report and is based on hypothesized relevant physical features and chemical conditions (collectively termed 'variables') that affect regional patterns of ground-water quality. A framework for comparison of water quality across the NECRA consists of a group of spatial variables related to aquifer properties, hydrologic conditions, and contaminant sources. These spatial variables are grouped under four general categories (features) that can be mapped across the aquifers: (1) geologic, (2) hydrophysiographic, (3) land-use land-cover, and (4) geochemical. On a regional scale, these variables represent indicators of natural and anthropogenic sources of contaminants, as well as generalized physical and chemical characteristics of the aquifer system that influence ground-water chemistry and flow. These variables can be used in varying combinations (depending on the contaminant) to categorize the aquifer into areas of similar hydrogeologic characteristics to evaluate variation in regional water quality through statistical testing.
Integrated capacitive sensor devices aerosol jet printed on 3D objects (2019)

Abstract A functional capacitive sensing device with five touch points was fabricated on the curved surfaces of polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene piping. The capacitive touch sensor points and conductive traces were printed with an Optomec™ Aerosol Jet printer using silver nanoparticle ink. We present a solution to a common problem with hybrid printed electronics of transitioning from the printed electronic components on a three-dimensional object to traditional rigid circuit board electronics. We highlight the need for CAD/CAM technology as an essential tool for printing on three-dimensional surfaces. The capacitive touch sensor library of an Arduino Uno Bard Rev 3 microcontroller enabled the detection of contact at the printed touch points. Corresponding LEDs attached to the surface of the pipe light up to indicate contact at the touch points. This hybrid printed electronic device presents a fully integrated and functioning electronic device printed on a three-dimensional surface and highlights the requirement of multidisciplinary knowledge for the field of hybrid printed electronics.
Different activation treatments for successful development of bovine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (2003)

In this study, the developmental capacity and cytogenetic composition of different oocyte activation protocols was evaluated following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of in vitro matured bovine oocytes. Motile spermatozoa selected by Percoll density gradient were treated with 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and analysed for ultrastructural changes of the head using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The alterations in sperm morphology after DTT treatment for different times (15, 30 and 60 min) were 10%, 45-55% and 70-85%, respectively. Further, a partial decondensation of sperm heads was observed after DTT treatment for 30 min. Oocytes were injected with sperm treated with DTT for 30 min. In group 1, sperm injection was performed without any activation stimulus to the oocytes. In group 2, sham injection without sperm was performed without activating the oocytes. Oocytes injected with sperm exposed to 5 microM ionomycin for 5 min (group 3), 5 microM ionomycin + 1.9 mM dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) for 3 h (group 4) and 5 microM ionomycin + 3 h culture in M199 + 1.9 mM DMAP (group 5) were also evaluated for cleavage, development and chromosomal abnormality. Cleavage and development rates in groups 1, 2 and 3 were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in groups 4 and 5. The incidence of chromosomal abnormality in the embryos treated directly with DMAP after ionomycin (group 4) was higher than in group 5. We conclude that immediate DMAP treatment after ionomycin exposure of oocytes results in arrest of release of the second polar body, and thus leads to changes in chromosomal pattern. Therefore, the time interval between ionomycin and DMAP plays a crucial role in bovine ICSI.
Combining CTLA-4 and angiopoietin-2 blockade in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I trial (2021)

NCT02141542.
Coverage and channel characteristics of millimeter wave band using ray tracing (2015)

Utilization of millimeter wave (MMW) bands for supporting very high data rate cellular access has received much attention in recent times. The behavior of the wireless channel in these bands differ significantly from the sub-6 GHz counterparts. Ray tracing is a complementary effort to detailed measurements in providing quick insight into the coarse channel characteristics. In this paper, we model the 28 GHz outdoor channel through ray tracing using the WinProp tool. We simulate the single base station and multi base station scenarios in the downtown Manhattan area and study channel properties such as coverage and path loss, path diversity and delay spreads. We observe that a typical MMW base station provides coverage to a significant fraction of a 100m cell radius with path diversity, i.e. there exist secondary paths that may sustain the link on the failure of the first path. The improvements to coverage and path diversity with multiple base stations are also characterized. The above channel properties are compared with NYU's [4] results from the same region. We observe a reasonable match for many of the above parameters. The delay spreads with omni and beamformed antennas are also compared. The typical RMS delay spread in a beamformed scenario is seen to be in the order of 20-30 ns which is significantly smaller than the measured values of 100ns or more. This phenomenon is likely due to detailed clutter in the environment not being modeled.
Quantum-yield studies of group V hydride chemiluminescent reactions (1984)

Quantum yields (photons per hydride molecule introduced) are reported in the wavelength region 275–825 nm for the chemiluminescent reactions of the Group V hydrides phosphine, arsine and stibine with ozone in oxygen, ozone in nitrogen and oxygen atoms in oxygen under excess oxidant conditions. Typical values are shown below [graphic omitted] Under some conditions the quantum yield for the PH3+ O/O2 system approaches unity. In the chemiluminescent reaction between SbH3 and O/O2 a film is deposited on the flow tube walls which has been observed to enhance the intensity of the ultraviolet SbO band systems. It is attributed to energy transfer from O2(A3Σ) formed by recombination of oxygen atoms on the film. A separate ultraviolet emission system is shown to be markedly enhanced by the absence of oxygen in the chemiluminescent reaction between phosphine and ozone. This continuum is spectroscopically and kinetically distinct from the visible continua observed from the reaction of PH3 with O3 and O atoms.
Value-based Care in the Management of Spinal Disorders: A Systematic Review of Cost-utility Analysis (2011)

The literature on cost-utility for treating spinal disorders is limited. Studies addressing cost-utility of nonoperative and operative management of low back pain encompass a broad spectrum of diagnoses and direct comparison of treatments based on cost-utility thresholds for comparative effectiveness is limited by diversity among disorders and methods to assess cost-utility. Future research will benefit from uniform methods and comparison of treatments in cohorts with well-defined pathology.
Masked Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Pre-training on Lidar Point Clouds (2022)

Masked autoencoding has become a successful pretraining paradigm for Transformer models for text, images, and, recently, point clouds. Raw automotive datasets are suitable candidates for self-supervised pre-training as they generally are cheap to collect compared to annotations for tasks like 3D object detection (OD). However, the development of masked autoencoders for point clouds has focused solely on synthetic and indoor data. Consequently, existing methods have tailored their representations and models toward small and dense point clouds with homogeneous point densities. In this work, we study masked autoencoding for point clouds in an automotive setting, which are sparse and for which the point density can vary drastically among objects in the same scene. To this end, we propose Voxel-MAE, a simple masked autoencoding pre-training scheme designed for voxel representations. We pre-train the backbone of a Transformer-based 3D object detector to reconstruct masked voxels and to distinguish between empty and non-empty voxels. Our method improves the 3D OD performance by 1.75 mAP points and 1.05 NDS on the challenging nuScenes dataset. Further, we show that by pre-training with Voxel-MAE, we require only 40% of the annotated data to outperform a randomly initialized equivalent. Code available at https://github.com/georghess/voxel-mae