gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructuring of chalcogenide glass fiber and spinel ceramic surfaces to reduce reflection losses (2010)

We demonstrate enhanced transmission of spinel ceramics and chalcogenide glasses and fibers due to the antireflective properties of microstructured surfaces. In the case of multimode As2S3 fibers, transmission as high as 97% was demonstrated.
ExaPlan: Queueing-Based Data Placement and Provisioning for Large Tiered Storage Systems (2015)

Multi-tiered storage, where each tier comprises one type of storage device, e.g., SSD, HDD, is a commonly used approach to achieve both high performance and cost efficiency in large-scale systems that need to store data with vastly different access characteristics. By aligning the access characteristics of the data to the characteristics of the storage devices, higher performance can be achieved for any given cost. This article presents ExaPlan, a method to determine both the data-to-tier assignment and the number of devices in each tier that minimize the system's mean response time for a given budget and workload. In contrast to other methods that constrain or minimize the system load, ExaPlan directly minimizes the system's mean response time estimated by a queueing model. Minimizing the mean response time is typically intractable as the resulting optimization problem is both non-convex and combinatorial in nature. ExaPlan circumvents this intractability by introducing a parameterized data-placement approach that makes it a highly scalable method that can be easily applied to exascale systems. Through experiments that use parameters from real-world storage systems, such as CERN and LOFAR, it is demonstrated that ExaPlan provides solutions that yield lower mean response times than previous works. It is also capable of determining a data-to-tier assignment both at the level of files and at the level of fixed-size extents. For some of the workloads evaluated, file-level placement exhibited a significant performance improvement over extent-level placement.
Iron absorption in hepcidin1 knockout mice (2011)

Hepcidin, the Fe-regulatory peptide, has been shown to inhibit Fe absorption and reticuloendothelial Fe recycling. The present study was conducted to explore the mechanism of in vivo Fe regulation through genetic disruption of hepcidin1 and acute effects of hepcidin treatment in hepcidin1 knockout (Hepc1-/-) and heterozygous mice. Hepcidin1 disruption resulted in significantly increased intestinal Fe uptake. Hepcidin injection inhibited Fe absorption in both genotypes, but the effects were more evident in the knockout mice. Hepcidin administration was also associated with decreased membrane localisation of ferroportin in the duodenum, liver and, most significantly, in the spleen of Hepc1-/- mice. Hypoferraemia was induced in heterozygous mice by hepcidin treatment, but not in Hepc1-/- mice, 4 h after injection. Interestingly, Fe absorption and serum Fe levels in Hepc1-/- and heterozygous mice fed a low-Fe diet were not affected by hepcidin injection. The present study demonstrates that hepcidin deficiency causes increased Fe absorption. The effects of hepcidin were abolished by dietary Fe deficiency, indicating that the response to hepcidin may be influenced by dietary Fe level or Fe status.
A power-gated MPU with 3-microsecond entry/exit delay using MTJ-based nonvolatile flip-flop (2013)

We propose a novel power-gated microprocessor unit (MPU) using a nonvolatile flip-flop (NV-F/F) with magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). By using the NV-F/F to store the MPU's internal state, this MPU realizes power-gating operation with a small 3-microsecond entry/exit delay penalty in power-on/power-off, which is one order of magnitude faster than a conventional MPU's deep power down mode. To achieve this short entry/exit delay, an appropriate NV-F/F circuit, which can perform stable high speed store/recall operations, has been developed. The MPU will help in the realization of low power systems because of its easy controllability for the power gating mode.
Silicon Orientation Effects in the Initial Regime of Wet Oxidation (2002)

Atmospheric pressure wet oxidations at ∼785°C were performed on (100), (110), and (111) oriented silicon wafers. The experimental data revealed that the (110) plane experiences rapid initial oxide growth of the same order of magnitude as that which is known to occur during dry oxidation of all orientations of Si. The data also indicated that a crossover in the oxidation rates of the (110) and (111) surfaces occurs similar to that which has been reported for oxidation in dry ambients. Initially, the (110) orientation oxidizes fastest yielding the oxidation rate order As the growth proceeds, however, the oxidation rate of the (111) plane surpasses that of the (110) plane resulting in the order These two anomalous characteristics of silicon oxidation have previously been believed to be limited to dry oxidation. The discovery that rapid initial oxide growth also occurs during wet oxidation of (110) oriented Si reveals that the understanding of these anomalous oxidation kinetics must encompass both wet and dry oxidants and the strong dependence of the phenomena on the structure of the Si crystal surface. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of AD brain‐derived, tau‐containing extracellular vesicles: Highly transmissible and preferential propagation to GABAergic neurons (2020)

Abstract Backgrounds Tau‐containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) are transmissible and induce tau phosphorylation and conformational change in the recipient neurons. However, whether human brain‐derived EVs induce tau pathology has not yet been characterized in the mouse brain. Here, we assess the mechanisms of disease spread after intrahippocampal injection of human brain‐derived EVs into the aged mouse model. Methods EV‐enriched fractions were isolated from unfixed frozen human brain samples from AD, prodromal AD (pAD), control (CTRL) cases, and tau knockout (TKO) mouse brains. Isolated EVs containing 300 pg of human total tau were sterotaxically injected into the right outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of 18 months‐old C57BL/6 female mice. 4.5 months after the injection, hippocampal slices were prepared for whole‐cell patch clamp recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons were undertakent. Hippocampi were analyzed with immunohistochemistry using phosphorylated‐tau (p‐tau) epitopes including AT8. EVs were examined for protein composition by protein mass‐spectroscopy, the neuronal uptake in vitro , and structural analysis by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results Semiquantitative brain‐wide immunohistochemistry of p‐tau revealed that inoculation of AD or pAD‐EVs induced tau propagation throughout the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 subregions. AT8 was localized primarily in GAD67 + GABAergic neurons in pAD and AD EVs groups, accompanied with reduced amplitude of inhibitory postsynaptic currents and Excitatory‐Inhibitory ratio in amplitube of postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons in pAD EVs. AFM analysis showed higher density of tau oligomers in both AD and pAD EVs while only AD EVs showed significantly higher neuronal uptake compared to CTRL EVs. Finally, proteomic analysis showed that AD EVs are enriched in disease and glia‐related molecules compared to CTRL EVs, which may contribute to their enhanced neuronal uptake. Conclusions Intracranial injection of AD or pAD EVs induced p‐tau accumulation primarily in GABAergic neurons throughout the hippocampus, resulted in higher uptake by neurons, and tau oligomer conformation, indicating of their pathogenic potency as seeding factors. GABAergic neuronal dysfunction in the hippocampal neuronal circuitry reported in early AD brains could be attributed to specific EV mediated tau propagation in this cell type, a phenomenon meriting further investigation and validation.
Insect Numbers and Pest Damage in Intercrops vs. Monocrops (1991)

The article summarizes results of field experiments carried out in Southern Finland (61" 12' N) in 1981-1985. The effect of mixed croooine of oats Avena saliva with faba bean V7ciafaba on the numbers'df cereal aphids was investigated, es ecially regarding E the bird cherrv-oats aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. T e data comprised the frequencies of ceieal aphids and-their natural enemies, plus biomass, nutrient content and seed yield of oats and bean. Peak densities of cereal aphid populations were 30-85% higher in the mixtures than in the monocrop. The main contributing mechanism was the concentration of alate colonists on fewer tillers per unit area in the mixtures. In considerin6 the mechanisms influencmg herbivore numbers in monocrops vs. mtercrops, changes in host quality caused by adaptation to the intercrop habitat were distinguished from associate and induced resistance caused by noncompetitive interaction with the component crop. lnterspecific yield compensation between the component crops, together with effective abundance of the pest and tolerance of the host, were considered as components of a conceptual damage model for an intercropping system.
An electrochemical study of natural and chemically controlled eumelanin (2017)

Eumelanin is the most common form of the pigment melanin in the human body, with functions including antioxidant behavior, metal chelation, and free radical scavenging. This biopigment is of interest for biologically derived batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, we characterized the voltammetric properties of chemically controlled eumelanins produced from 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) building blocks, namely, DHI-melanin, DHICA-melanin, and natural eumelanin, extracted from the ink sac of cuttlefish, Sepia melanin. Eumelanin electrodes were studied for their cyclic voltammetric properties in acidic buffers including Na+, K+, NH4+, and Cu2+ ions.
Geometric Constraint-Based Reconfiguration and Self-Motions of a Four-CRU Parallel Mechanism (2021)

Abstract Over the past few years, the concept of multi-directional three-dimensional (3D) printing has been introduced to print complex shapes and overhang geometry. This technique requires the nozzle to constantly change orientation to print the object along its tangential direction. A six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) robotic arm or Stewart platform can be a solution, but these mechanisms use more components and motors. An alternative solution has been proposed in this paper based on a four-CRU (cylindrical, revolute, and universal joints) mechanism. This mechanism can orient the nozzle by switching into different motion types with minimal numbers of motors while keeping the mechanism rigid and agile. Therefore, analyses of the reconfiguration, workspace, singularities, and self-motions of a four-CRU mechanism presented in this paper have become necessities. By using primary decomposition, four geometric constraints have been identified, and the reconfiguration analysis has been carried out in each of these. It reveals that each geometric constraint will have three distinct operation modes, namely Schönflies mode, reversed Schönflies mode, and an additional mode. The additional mode can either be a four-DOF mode or a degenerated three-DOF mode, depending on the type of geometric constraints. By taking into account the actuation and constraint singularities, the workspace of each operation mode has been analyzed and geometrically illustrated. It allows us to determine the regions in which the reconfiguration takes place. Furthermore, the inherent self-motion in the Schönflies mode is revealed and illustrated, which occurs at two specified actuated leg lengths. Demonstration of the reconfiguration process and self-motions is provided through a mock-up prototype.
Biomechanical advantage of the index-level pedicle screw in unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures (2011)

In a fracture model, adding index-level pedicle screws to short-segment constructs improves stability, although stability remains less than that provided by long-segment constructs with or without index-level pedicle screws. Therefore, highly unstable fractures likely require extended, long-segment constructs for optimum stability.
Supplementary Figure from Inhibition of Mtorc1/2 and DNA-PK via CC-115 Synergizes with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Inhibition of Mtorc1/2 and DNA-PK via CC-115 Synergizes with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Polare Bromwasserstoff‐Addition an Olefine, II. Addition von Bromwasserstoff an 1,1,4,4‐Tetramethyl‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalin: Mechanistische Untersuchungen (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktion von [2‐D 1 ]‐1,1,4,4‐Tetramethyl‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalin ( 2 ) mit Bromwasserstoff in Essigsaure Chloroform (1:1) wurde unter standardisierten Versuchsbedingungen in Abhängigkeit von der Bromwasserstoff‐Konzentration und der Gegenwart von Lithiumbromid, Lithiumperchlorat, Perchlorsäure und Trifluoressigsäure untersucht. Das Verhältnis der syn ‐ und anti ‐Additionsprodukte wurde 1 H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch bestimmt, das Verhältnis von Additions‐ zu Umlagerungsprodukten durch Gaschromatographie. Beispielsweise führt die Änderung des Mediums von Essigsäure Chloroform (1:1) zu Essigsäure/Trifluoressigsäure Chloroform (1:1:2) zu einer Umkehrung des Additions Umlagerungs‐Verhältnisses (von 1.92 zu 0.46) und zu einer Verschiebung von vorherrschender anti ‐Addition (84.4%) zu vorherrschender syn ‐Addition (65.5%). In weitem Bereich begünstigen Faktoren. die das syn anti ‐Verhältnis erhöhen, die Umlagerungsreaktion gegenüber der Addition. Die Ergebnisse werden durch die Annahme konkurrierender syn ‐ und anti ‐ „AdE3”︁‐Reaktionen erklärt. von denen die syn ‐Addition über ein Carbeniumion verläuft, während die anti ‐Addition einem konzertierten Mechanismus folgt. Die Möglichkeit der Bedeutung intermediärer 2 HBr‐π‐Komplexe bei beiden Reaktionen wird diskutiert.
Three-dimensional optical-tomographic dynamic imaging of small tissue volumes (2002)

We have developed a system for acquiring three-dimensional dynamic images of small tissue volumes. As a first example we explored the real-time response of changes in optical properties inside a human finger caused by partial occlusion of distal veins.
Characteristics of RF Hollow Cathode Discharge at Moderate Pressure: Hybrid Plasma Simulation and Machine Learning Model Development (2022)

Radio-frequency (RF) hollow cathode discharges (HCD) at moderate pressures have gained significance for advanced plasma processes. HCDs form in cylindrical cavities in the cathode. An array of such cavities can be used to create large area HCDs. Under certain conditions plasma in hollow cavities becomes more intense. In this study, a single hollow cathode hole is simulated using a hybrid plasma model. The model includes continuity equations for charged and neutral species, drift-diffusion approximation for electron flux, momentum conservation equation for ions, and Poisson equation. A Monte Carlo model for secondary electrons is used to accurately compute production rates of species, which are coupled to the fluid plasma model. RF hollow cathode behavior is simulated for different design and operating conditions. The plasma penetration inside hollow cathode hole is enhanced depending on pressure and hole size. The plasma enhancement due to RF sheath heating with increase in frequency, and secondary electron emission have been explored synergistically. Hybrid plasma simulation being computationally expensive, a surrogate modeling framework is developed based on recurrent neural network, using LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) based closure. Different methodologies have been explored to train and validate LSTM network. The prediction of trained network compares well with that of underlying physical model at different conditions, improving the applicability of plasma model for design and optimization purposes.
Weight-cycling decreases incidence and increases latency of mammary tumors to a greater extent than does chronic caloric restriction in mouse mammary tumor virus-transforming growth factor-alpha female mice. (2002)

Multiple periods of caloric restriction (or fasting)/refeeding in rodents have had inconsistent effects on mammary tumor (MT) development. In the present study, the consequence of intermittent caloric restriction/refeeding resulting in weight-cycling was evaluated using an oncogene-induced MT mouse model. Hybrid mouse MT virus-transforming growth factor alpha (MMTV-TGF-alpha)/Lep(+)Lep(ob) female mice were used. Ad libitum-fed mice (n = 30) were fed American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93M diet. Beginning at 10 weeks of age, weight-cycled mice (n = 30) were fed an AIN-93 modified diet (2-fold increase in protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral contents) at 50% of ad libitum for 3-week intervals followed by 3-week intervals of ad libitum feeding using AIN-93M diet. Pair-fed mice (n = 33), were fed a 2:1 mixture of AIN-93M:AIN-93 modified diets to match the caloric intake of weight-cycled mice for each 6-week age-matched caloric restriction/refeeding interval. Food intakes were determined daily and body weights weekly. Mice were euthanized when MTs exceeded 20 mm in length or at 80 weeks of age. Final body weights were similar, but cumulative food intake of ad libitum-fed mice was 21% greater than that of the other groups. Ad libitum-fed mice had a 77% MT incidence versus 3% for weight-cycled and 44% for pair-fed mice. MTs were detected earlier for ad libitum-fed mice, 64.1 weeks versus 73.5 weeks for pair-fed mice. The only MT in one weight-cycled mouse was excised at necropsy (80 weeks of age) and weighed only 0.063 g. Average MT weight for ad libitum-fed mice was 1.034 g and for pair-fed mice was 0.667 g. Intervals of caloric restriction/refeeding resulting in weight-cycling were protective against MT development in this mouse model. Future studies should address the application of this intervention to additional transgenic mice as well as other MT models.
Recent Developments in Parallel Pseudorandom Number Generation. (1993)

We summarize some of the recent developments of our research group and of other groups in the design and analysis of pseudorandom number generators for massively parallel computers. The three parallelization techniques we will consider in detail for mapping pseudorandom streams onto distinct parallel processes are: 1. Splitting maximal-period generators&amp;apos; full period into nonoverlapping subsequences, one for each parallel process. 2. Finding parameterized families of generators and distributing a unique parameter value for the generator used on each parallel process. 3. Finding generators with statistically similar full-period equivalence classes and distributing one equivalence class to each parallel process. 1 Introduction The importance of simulation and the Monte Carlo method in scientific computing is considerable. In fact, some of the first large-scale efforts in high-speed computing were Monte Carlo computations. Moreover, Monte Carlo methods represent a large class of embara...
OpenOrbiter: A Low-Cost, Educational Prototype CubeSat Mission Architecture (2013)

The preliminary design for the Open Prototype for Educational NanoSats (OPEN) demonstration spacecraft, OpenOrbiter, is presented. OPEN is designed to facilitate the formation of CubeSat development programs nationally and worldwide via providing a publically-available set of spacecraft design documents, implementation and testing plans. These documents should allow the creation of a 1-U CubeSat with a parts budget of approximately $ 5,000. This allows spacecraft development to be incorporated in regular curriculum and supported from teaching (as opposed to research) funds. The OPEN design, implemented by OpenOrbiter, has an innovative internal structure, separates payload and operations processing and includes features to ease and highlight errors in integration.
Dendritic cells regulate T-cell deattachment through the integrin-interacting protein CYTIP (2005)

When T cells are primed by dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate antigen-specific immune responses screening for matching antigen receptor-MHC/peptide pairs takes place in DC-T-cell conjugates. For an immune response DC-T-cell conjugates formed during priming events need to dissolve. Although detailed knowledge on molecules involved in the conjugate formation is available, dissolving of them has not been considered to be an active process. Here, we identify CYTIP (cytohesin-interacting protein) to mediate DC-T-cell deattachment. CYTIP, which is induced during maturation of DCs, shortly accumulates to the contact zones with T cells within the first hour of coculture. Specific silencing of CYTIP results in stronger adhesion of DCs to T cells and to fibronectin. When a need for deattachment is created in a T-cell priming assay by only partially loading DCs with antigen, CYTIP silencing causes reduced priming capacity. Thus, CYTIP allows DCs to actively control DC-T-cell interactions.
Projections onto the Pareto surface in multicriteria radiation therapy optimization (2015)

There are situations when Pareto navigation leaves room for improvement in OAR sparing and dose conformity, for example, if the approximation of the Pareto surface is coarse or the problem formulation has too permissive constraints. A projection onto the Pareto surface can identify an inaccurate Pareto surface representation and, if necessary, improve the quality of the navigated plan.
Acoustic radiation force in biomedical applications: origin, past, present, and future (2015)

In this talk, an overview of history and physical basis of biomedical applications of acoustic radiation force with a further look into new developments in this field will be presented. In 1902, Lord Rayleigh published his classical work on the theory of sound, introducing the concept of acoustic radiation pressure. Experimental demonstration of radiation force acting on particles in the standing wave field was made by August Kundt (1874). Much later, Wood and Loomis built radiation force balance (1927). Detailed analysis of ultrasound radiation force related to biomedical applications was made in numerous reviews and original articles of Wes Nyborg in the 1960s and 1970s. In spite of over century-old history, most of the significant biomedical applications of acoustic radiation force became known and were extensively studied only during last couple of decades. We will present and discuss recent progress in numerous applications such as the elasticity imaging, assessing viscoelastic properties of biological tissue, monitoring lesions during therapy, the manipulation of cells in suspension, acoustical tweezers, targeted drug and gene delivery. In addition to well established applications, the acoustic radiation force has considerable potential in numerous new areas, which will be discussed in the talk. [NIH R21AR065024.]
Comparison of density functional theory and simulation of fluid bilayers (2005)

We compare results of classical density functional theory (DFT) to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of coarse-grained models of lipids in solvent. We find that the DFT captures the liquid structure of coarse-grained lipids both near surfaces and in bilayers adequately. In contrast we find that the MD simulations do not predict ordering in bilayers as is observed in low temperature DFT calculations. The mechanical properties of the fluid DFT bilayers are qualitatively similar to those of the MD bilayers; in particular the shapes of the lateral stress profiles are similar. Values of the area compressibility modulus are in reasonable agreement with previous work on coarse-grained lipids.
Nonlinear optical properties of GeSbS chalcogenide waveguides (2017)

We characterize the nonlinear optical properties of GeSbS chalcogenide glasses with fiber-based experiments. A waveguide nonlinear parameter of 7 W-1/m and nonlinear refractive index of 3.71 × 10-18 m2/W are estimated by self-phase modulation. A GeSbS waveguide could also generate a supercontinuum from 1280 to 2120 nm at the -30 dB level for maximum coupled power of 340 W, showing a 14 fold spectral broadening of the input spectrum explained by cascaded stimulated Raman scattering.