gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New chloramphenicol resistance locus in Bacillus subtilis (1984)

A spontaneously occurring, noninducible, chloramphenicol-resistant mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168 has a mutation (cam-2) which maps in the ribosomal protein region of the chromosome near dal. Its presence does not confer dependence on chloramphenicol. Ribosomes of the cam-2 strain remained sensitive to chloramphenicol in in vitro protein synthesis. No chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity could be detected.
SMT and enhanced SPT with recessed SD to improve CMOS device performance (2008)

For nFET, mechanism of Stress Memorization Technique (SMT) has been investigated. It showed, for the first time, that SMT effect on nFET improvement is not only from poly gate, but also from Si at extension area. For pFET, a novel low cost technique to improve device performance by enhanced Stress Proximity Technique (eSPT) with Recessed SD (ReSD) has been demonstrated for the first time. pFET performance improvement of 40% was demonstrated with eSPT. 15% improvement in ring delay has been demonstrated with optimized eSPT.
Thermally-Limited Exciton Delocalization in Superradiant Molecular Aggregates (2012)

We present two-dimensional Fourier transform optical spectroscopy measurements of two types of molecular J-aggregate thin films and show that temperature-dependent dynamical effects govern exciton delocalization at all temperatures, even in the presence of significant inhomogeneity. Our results indicate that in the tested molecular aggregates, even when the static structure disorder dominates exciton dephasing dynamics, the extent of exciton delocalization may be limited by dynamical fluctuations, mainly exciton-phonon coupling. Thus inhomogeneous dephasing may mediate the exciton coherence time whereas dynamical fluctuations mediate the exciton coherence length.
Comparison of Dynamic Susceptibility-weighted Contrast-enhanced MR Methods: Recommendations for Measuring Relative Cerebral Blood Volume in Brain Tumors (2008)

The dependence of tumor rCBV on the choice of acquisition and postprocessing methods is caused by their varying sensitivities to T1 and T2 and/or T2* leakage effects. The preload-correction approach and dual-echo acquisition approach are the most robust choices for the evaluation of brain tumors when the possibility of contrast agent extravasation exists.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE IN CAT BRAIN (1968)

Abstract— The distribution of tryptophan hydroxylase in the cat brain was investigated and found to parallel roughly the distribution of serotonin. The most active areas are the caudate nucleus, septal area, anterior perforating substance, hypothalamus, amygdala and various areas of the midbrain.
Joint-Switching Characteristics of LCoS-Based Wavelength Selective Switches (2018)

We show that inter-subchannel crosstalk of a joint-switching wavelength-selective-switch based on a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial-light modulator significantly degrades while the applied optical attenuation increases even in an interleaved fiber arrangement.
Treatment of Experimental Cerebral Malaria by Slow Release of Artemisone From Injectable Pasty Formulation (2020)

Malaria caused by <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> causes numerous cases of morbidity with about 400,000 deaths yearly owing, mainly, to inflammation leading to cerebral malaria (CM). CM conventionally is treated by repetitive administration of anti-plasmodial drugs and supportive non-specific drugs, for about a week. A mouse model of CM caused by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA, in which brain and systemic clinical pathologies occur followed by sudden death within about a week, was used to study the effect of artemisone, a relatively new artemisinin, within an injectable pasty polymer formulated for its controlled release. The parasites were exposed to the drug over several days at a non-toxic concentrations for the mice but high enough to affect the parasites. Artemisone was also tested in cultures of bacteria, cancer cells and <i>P. falciparum</i> to evaluate the specificity and suitability of these cells for examining the release of artemisone from its carrier. Cultures of <i>P. falciparum</i> were the most suitable. Artemisone released from subcutaneous injected poly(sebacic acid-ricinoleic acid) (PSARA) pasty polymer, reduced parasitemias in infected mice, prolonged survival and prevented death in most of the infected mice. Successful prophylactic treatment before infection proved that there was a slow release of the drug for about a week, which contrasts with the three hour half-life that occurs after injection of just the drug. Treatment with artemisone within the polymer, even at a late stage of the disease, helped to prevent or, at least, delay accompanying severe symptoms. In some cases, treatment prevented death of CM and the mice died later of anemia. Postponing the severe clinical symptoms is also beneficial in cases of human malaria, giving more time for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment before severe symptoms appear. The method presented here may also be useful for combination therapy of anti-plasmodial and immunomodulatory drugs.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-determined left ventricular myocardium impairment is associated with C-reactive protein and ST2 in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2021)

In patients with paroxysmal AF and no coexistent cardiovascular disease, LAV enlargement and LV myocardium abnormalities were detected by CMR, and these abnormalities were associated with biomarkers that reflect inflammation and myocardial stiffness.
Direct Catalytic Enantioselective α‐Aminomethylation of Ketones (2004)

Eine Prolin-katalysierte Mannich-Reaktion lieferte in hohen Ausbeuten und mit ausgezeichneten ee-Werten α-aminomethylierte Ketone (siehe Schema). Die Mannich-Basen, die bei dieser sehr einfachen asymmetrischen Drei-Komponenten-Eintopfreaktion erhalten werden, sind von großem Interesse – beispielsweise als Synthesebausteine und Vorstufen von pharmazeutisch wertvollen 1,3-Aminoalkoholen.
Clinical characteristics of a total cohort of female and male applicants for sex reassignment: a descriptive study (1998)

The objective of this study was to compare the features of female-to-male transsexuals (F-M) with those of male-to-female transsexuals (M-F) in the cohort of all applicants for sex reassignment over a 20-year period. In an observational, cross-sectional design the cohort was retrospectively identified, consisting of all 233 subjects who applied for sex reassignment in Sweden during the period 1972-1992. The cohort was subdivided into the groups M-F (n=134) and F-M (n=99), and the two groups were compared. M-F were older when applying for sex reassignment surgery than F-M, and more often had a history of marriage and children than their F-M counterparts. M-F also had more heterosexual experience. F-M, on the other hand, more frequently exhibited cross-gender behaviour in childhood than did M-F transsexuals. The present and previous studies strongly support the view that transsexualism manifests itself differently in males and females. Various models for understanding these differences are discussed.
Schubert's reception history in nineteenth-century England (1997)

During his lifetime Schubert was known almost solely as a composer of Hausmusik – songs, dances, marches, and other characteristic pieces for the piano. So much is clear from the fact that of the 478 compositions published before his death (SDB 946), 209 were solo songs or partsongs with piano accompaniment, and 249 were keyboard pieces. It was as a song composer that he first made his name in Vienna, and inevitably when his name first began to be heard abroad it was for his songs. In London the pioneer was a German from Bremen called Christian Wessell, who came to London in the 1820s and founded the publishing firm of Stodart and Wessell.
Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of intact pathway for human aqueous humor outflow (2008)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is regulated by the resistance to outflow of the eye's aqueous humor. Elevated resistance raises IOP and can cause glaucoma. Despite the importance of outflow resistance, its site and regulation are unclear. The small size, complex geometry, and relative inaccessibility of the outflow pathway have limited study to whole animal, whole eye, or anterior-segment preparations, or isolated cells. We now report measuring elemental contents of the heterogeneous cell types within the intact human trabecular outflow pathway using electron-probe X-ray microanalysis. Baseline contents of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), and P and volume (monitored as Na+K contents) were comparable to those of epithelial cells previously studied. Elemental contents and volume were altered by ouabain to block Na(+)-K(+)-activated ATPase and by hypotonicity to trigger a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Previous results with isolated trabecular meshwork (TM) cells had disagreed whether TM cells express an RVD. In the intact tissue, we found that all cells, including TM cells, displayed a regulatory solute release consistent with an RVD. Selective agonists of A(1) and A(2) adenosine receptors (ARs), which exert opposite effects on IOP, produced similar effects on juxtacanalicular (JCT) cells, previously inaccessible to functional study, but not on Schlemm's canal cells that adjoin the JCT. The results obtained with hypotonicity and AR agonists indicate the potential of this approach to dissect physiological mechanisms in an area that is extremely difficult to study functionally and demonstrate the utility of electron microprobe analysis in studying the cellular physiology of the human trabecular outflow pathway in situ.
Endothelial cilia are mechanosensory organelles (2008)

BACKGROUND When challenged with extracellular fluid‐shear stress, vascular endothelial cells are known to release nitric oxide (NO), an important vasodilator. We here show that this mechanosensing signal transduction depends on apical membrane organelles, termed cilia. METHODS AND RESULTS Cells with Pkd1 null/null or Tg737 orpk/orpk mutation encoded for polycystin‐1 or polaris, respectively, are unable to transmit extracellular shear stress into intracellular calcium signaling and biochemical NO synthesis. Cytosolic calcium and NO recordings further show that fluid‐shear sensing is a cilia‐specific mechanism, as other mechanical or pharmacological stimulation does not abolish calcium and NO signaling in polycystin‐1 and polaris mutant endothelial cells. Polycystin‐1 localized in the basal body of Tg737 orpk/orpk endothelial cells is insufficient for a fluid‐shear stress response. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that the ability of endothelial cells to sense a low range of fluid shear depends on cilia and that cilia are compartments required for proper localization and function of the mechanosensitive polycystin‐1 molecule.
Regulation of Human Cytotrophoblast Morphogenesis by Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor1 (2001)

In vitro morphogenesis of epithelial cells to form tube-like structures is regulated by hepatocyte growth factor-scatter factor (HGF/SF). The placenta is a rich source of HGF/SF, and its absence in mice has been shown to lead to impaired placental growth and embryonic death. There is no information in the literature regarding in vitro morphogenesis of human cytotrophoblasts or the effect of HGF/SF on this process. In this study, cytotrophoblasts were isolated from human placentae obtained from all three trimesters of gestation and cultured on the recombinant basement membrane matrix (Matrigel). Under these conditions, cytotrophoblasts participated in morphogenetic events including formation of spheroid-like structures, radial linear processes with branching, and invaded Matrigel and formed large, tube-like structures. The presence of a developing lumen was documented in the linear projections arising from spheroids and in the tube-like structures by both confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the phenotype of the cells, and staining with anti-cytokeratin and anti-E-cadherin antibodies confirmed the presence of cytotrophoblasts in both the spheroids and tube-like structures. Recombinant HGF (rHGF) significantly increased the invasive activity of cytotrophoblasts isolated from the first and second (P < 0.001) and third trimesters (P < 0.01). In addition, rHGF significantly increased the percentage of spheroids with branching processes in the first and second trimesters (P < 0.05). Anti-HGF antibody inhibited both these effects in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the specificity of the above findings. This study provides new evidence indicating that HGF/SF regulates invasion and branching morphogenesis of cytotrophoblasts throughout gestation, with maximum effects in the first and second trimester. These findings may help to elucidate the importance of the reduced expression of HGF/SF identified in placentae from women with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction and suggest that HGF/SF may serve as an important candidate in therapeutic intervention strategies.
Automatic Package Router for Power Delivery Network (2021)

An automatic package router capable of completing a realistic PDN route for an industrial quality package is presented. The routing algorithm is presented by describing the sub-operations and how they are combined to perform a completed package route for PDN studies. The extracted S-parameters of the auto-routed package are compared to those of a human-routed package using a commercial tool. The average pin resistance is within 1% and the average pin inductance is within 4%.
Origin of self-focusing of nanosecond pulses in ZnSe (1995)

ZnSe has been shown to be an excellent optical-limiting material for picosecond pulses at a wavelength of 532 nm.1 Two-photon absorption (2PA) and the negative index contribution of photoexcited carriers are the primary mechanisms responsible for the limiting of the transmitted fluence. Furthermore, if the geometry is arranged so that the sample is much thicker than the depth of focus of the beam, these same mechanisms result in an internal limiting that prevents optical damage from occurring inside the bulk of the ZnSe. This mechanism may also be expected to work for longer pulses, as the carrier refraction is a cumulative effect. However, experiments with nanosecond pulses have shown that bulk damage does in fact occur. Further experiments showed that this effect is dependent on the focusing geometry, with damage observed in the bulk only for beam waists calculated to be less than 3 μm.2 Until now, the source of this damage has remained unresolved.
Mode conversion in tapered submicron silicon ridge optical waveguides (2012)

The mode conversion in tapered submicron silicon ridge optical waveguides is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Two types of optical waveguide tapers are considered in this paper. One is a regular lateral taper for which the waveguide width varies while the etching depth is kept the same. The other is a so-called "bi-level" taper, which includes two layers of lateral tapers. Mode conversion between the TM fundamental mode and higher-order TE modes is observed in tapered submicron silicon-on-insulator ridge optical waveguides due to the mode hybridization resulting from the asymmetry of the cross section. Such a mode conversion could have a very high efficiency (close to 100%) when the taper is designed appropriately. This enables some applications e.g. polarizer, polarization splitting/rotation, etc. It is also shown that this kind of mode conversion could be depressed by carefully choosing the taper parameters (like the taper width, the etching depth, etc), which is important for the applications when low-loss propagation for the TM fundamental mode is needed.
Distributed MIMO Experiment Using LiFi Over Plastic Optical Fiber (2020)

This paper shows the feasibility of a networked LiFi system using a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link for optical wireless transmission and a plastic optical fiber (POF) link as a fixed front-haul between distributed optical front-ends, and a centralized signal processing unit. The concatenation of POF and optical wireless links yields an easy-to-install all-optical LiFi system which is robust against both, blockage of individual light beams and electromagnetic interference. A significant cost-down appears by the use of colored LEDs to feed the POF link with multiple optical signals, and wavelength division demultiplexing filters. The spatial crosstalk in the wireless link and the spectral crosstalk over the POF link can be jointly compensated by the same end-to-end MIMO processing. A common signal model, which includes the combined effects of both links are provided to characterize the proposed all-optical LiFi system. We report the first experimental findings when using space-division multiplexing (SDM), i.e., multiple POFs, and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), i.e., multiple colors in the front-haul, indicating that the performance is mostly limited by the wireless link. Moreover, we show that the positions of mobile users in the wireless link, as well as gain variations and spectral crosstalk in the front-haul link, influence the singular values and the achievable data rates of the LiFi system.
Optical characterisation of a strained-silicon cold-electron bolometer at 160 GHz (2015)

We present a study of a cold-electron bolometer operating at 350 mK with a twin-slot antenna coupling radiation at 160 GHz. The detector’s absorbing element consists of degenerately-doped strained silicon and has Schottky contacts to superconducting aluminium leads. These contacts allow for direct electron cooling of the absorber to below the phonon temperature, enabling the cold-electron bolometer to achieve much faster time constants (τ &lt; 1 μs) compared to conventional bolometric detectors while not sacrificing sensitivity. We measure both the dark and optically-loaded noise of the detector via a novel method of cross-correlating the outputs of two amplifiers in order to measure noise below the amplifier noise level. From this we measure the photon-noise limited noise-equivalent power of the detector to be 6.6×10^−17 W/rtHz when observing a 77-Kelvin source.
Anatomic compartments of the foot: A 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study (2006)

There is neither consensus on the number nor agreement on the location of the anatomic compartments of the foot. This project utilized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify foot compartments. The purpose of this study was to devise a new system using 3-Tesla (3T) MRI that assessed the number and location of these compartments. Six feet from healthy volunteers were imaged. From these, 10 compartments were described: (1) medial, (2) calcaneal, (3) lateral, (4) central superficial, (5) central deep (adductor), (6-9) interossei, and (10) skin. The 3T MRI and foot/ankle coil allowed us to assess the number and location of foot compartments.
Liquid Flow Analysis in Porous Media for Large Vapor Chamber With Multiple Heat Sources (2015)

The increasing addition of hot components on a single module comes with the challenge to cool the module. The cooling challenges are due to the presence of hot spots and the reduce space for attaching heat sinks to each component. The proposed cooling solution for a multi-chip module is a single vapor chamber shared amongst the multiple heat sources. Designing an application-optimized vapor chamber requires detailed understanding of the different processes occurring, including heat transfer by conduction, two-phase heat transfer, and fluid mechanics in porous media. In this work, a relatively large module with many heat sources is considered. We present a case of two 100W heat sources surrounded by eight heat sources of 10W each. We explore different configurations and their capillary limitations for a vapor chamber (110 mm × 110 mm). We present the comparison of numerical results using two point flux approximation method, CFD model, and a simplified model using potential flow theory to represent flow in the porous media. Results are used to analyze the capillarity limitation of the large vapor chamber in delivering liquid flow to heat source locations for steady state.
Electron beam profile instrument based on FBGs (2014)

The transversal profile of a charged particle beam, its position, its centroid location, its focus or flatness depends on the instrument operating conditions or on the beam exit set up. Prove of concept of a new type of charged particle beam diagnostics based on FBGs was demonstrated. Its operating principle relays on the measurement of the central wavelengths change of a matrix of FBG sensors as function of the temperature, following their exposure to an electron beam. Periodically, the exposure of sensors is stopped and they are forced cooled to a reference temperature against which the temperature influencing each sensor during beam exposure is evaluated. Commercial available FBGs and FBGs written in radiation resistant optical fibers were tested under electron beam irradiation, in relation to this application.
Visual Skills and Cross‐Modal Plasticity in Deaf Readers (2008)

Most research on reading skill acquisition in deaf individuals has been conducted from the perspective of a hearing child learning to read. This approach may limit our understanding of how a deaf child approaches the task of learning to read and successfully acquires reading skills. An alternative approach is to consider how the cognitive skills that a deaf child brings to the reading task may influence the route by which he or she achieves reading fluency. A review of the literature on visual spatial attention suggests that deaf individuals are more distracted by visual information in the parafovea and periphery. We discuss how this may have an influence upon the perceptual processing of written text in deaf students.
Alcohol consumption, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in middle‐aged Swedish men (2000)

The results indicated that high consumption of alcohol increases the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes and that this may primarily concern consumption of beer and spirits. For impaired glucose tolerance, regular alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence, particularly at moderate levels.
1255-1355 nm (17.6 THz) Bandwidth O-band Bismuth Doped Fiber Amplifier Pumped Using Uncooled Multimode (MM) 915 nm Laser Diode (2023)

We report BDFA with &gt;20 dB gain over 1255-1355 nm bandwidth (17.6 THz) with maximum gain of 29.3 dB and corresponding NF of 4.6 dB (λ=1300 nm, Pin=-20 dBm). The BDFA has electrical power consumption of 8.1-9.6 W over 20-70 ºC.
Density of monochromatic infinite subgraphs II (2020)

In 1967, Gerencsér and Gyárfás proved a result which is considered the starting point of graph-Ramsey theory: In every 2-coloring of $K_n$ there is a monochromatic path on $\lceil(2n+1)/3\rceil$ vertices, and this is best possible. There have since been hundreds of papers on graph-Ramsey theory with some of the most important results being motivated by a series of conjectures of Burr and Erd\H os regarding the Ramsey numbers of trees, graphs with bounded maximum degree, and graphs with bounded degeneracy. In 1993, Erd\H os and Galvin \cite{EG} began the investigation of a countably infinite analogue of the Gerencsér and Gyárfás result: What is the largest $d$ such that in every $2$-coloring of $K_\mathbb{N}$ there is a monochromatic infinite path with upper density at least $d$. Erd\H os and Galvin showed that $2/3\leq d\leq 8/9$, and after a series of recent improvements, it was finally shown that $d={(12+\sqrt{8})}/{17}$. This paper begins a systematic study of quantitative countably infinite graph-Ramsey theory, focusing on infinite analogues of the Burr-Erdős conjectures. We obtain some results which are analogous to what is known in finite case, and other (unexpected) results which have no analogue in the finite case.