gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of sensor resolution assessment by human vision versus custom software for Landolt C and triangle resolution targets (2013)

This paper is the fifth in a series exploring the possibility of using a synthetic observer to assess the resolution of both real and synthetic (fused) sensors. The previous paper introduced an Automatic Triangle Orientation Detection Algorithm (ATODA) that was capable of recognizing the orientation of an equilateral triangle used as a resolution target, which complemented the Automatic Landolt C Orientation Recognition (ALCOR) software developed earlier. Three different spectral band sensors (infrared, near infrared and visible) were used to collect images that included both resolution targets and militarily relevant targets at multiple distances. The resolution targets were evaluated using the two software algorithms described above. For the current study, subjects viewed the same set of images previously used in order to obtain human-based assessments of the resolutions of these three sensors for comparison with the automated approaches. In addition, the same set of images contained hand-held target objects so that human performance in recognizing the targets could be compared to both the automated and human-based assessment of resolution for each sensor.
Reset current distributions in phase change memories (2010)

In this work a new analytical transport model for the readout region of amorphous GST is proposed. The model is employed to assess, through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, the sources of variability responsible for the width and shape of the readout current distributions of reset bits. The correlation between transport mechanisms and the statistical spread is highlighted, also considering the reset pulses dependence. Furthermore, the temperature effect on the reset bits is addressed. The statistical characterization results are discussed within the framework of the proposed model.
Intense thermal field electron emission from room-temperature stable electride (2005)

Thermal field emission (TFE) from a flat surface of 12CaO∙7Al2O3 (C12A7) electride was examined at temperatures up to 900°C and applied external voltages of 0–6kV in a 10−5Pa vacuum. TFE started to occur at ∼650°C and steeply increased at ∼900°C to reach ∼80μA (∼1.5Acm−2) when an extraction field of 105Vcm−1 (an extraction voltage of 6kV) was applied. The work function estimated from the Richardson–Dushman equation was ∼2.1eV, which is rather smaller than that of LaB6 (∼2.7eV). It is experimentally confirmed that the emission with a current of ∼50μA (from a 80μm diameter area) was stably sustained for more than 90h. The efficient and stable emission at relatively low temperature in a moderate vacuum atmosphere strongly suggests that the C12A7 electride has high potential for TFE applications.
Hypervelocity time-of-flight characterisation of a 14GS/s histogramming CMOS SPAD sensor (2017)

We present Time-of-Flight (TOF) distance, velocity and acceleration characterisation of a multi-event Time-to-Digital- Converter (TDC) optical sensor featuring a 32x32 Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array, a 14 GS/s TDC and on-chip histogram generation. Events are continuously recorded on-chip in 264 70 ps-wide histogram bins. High TDC throughput enables the device to be operated in Doppler mode with pulse-trains moving at hypervelocity speeds relative to the operational sensor frequency. Electrical frequency-detuned signals of 50 kHz are resolved by the TDC module. Optical frequency-detuned signals of 1 kHz are resolved, corresponding to a TOF velocity resolution of 15.8 km/s. Linear, sine-wave, and chirp frequency modulation techniques are used to demonstrate these characteristics.
Antibody Conjugation of a Chimeric BET Degrader Enables in vivo Activity (2019)

The ability to selectively degrade proteins with bifunctional small molecules has the potential to fundamentally alter therapy in a variety of diseases. However, the relatively large size of these chimeric molecules often results in challenging physico-chemical properties (e. g., low aqueous solubility) and poor pharmacokinetics which may complicate their in vivo applications. We recently discovered an exquisitely potent chimeric BET degrader (GNE-987) which exhibited picomolar cell potencies but also demonstrated low in vivo exposures. In an effort to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of this molecule, we discovered the first degrader-antibody conjugate by attaching GNE-987 to an anti-CLL1 antibody via a novel linker. A single IV dose of the conjugate afforded sustained in vivo exposures that resulted in antigen-specific tumor regressions. Enhancement of a chimeric protein degrader with poor in vivo properties through antibody conjugation thereby expands the utility of directed protein degradation as both a biological tool and a therapeutic possibility.
Cell BE---Cell BE software programming and toolkits (2006)

Does the Cell BE Processor have a place in HPC? If so, what is that place? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Cell relative to HPC? What changes would make Cell better suited to HPC? What kinds of performance can we expect from Cell in HPC? Where will the bottlenecks be and how can we avoid them? What kind of performance might we expect from a Cell-based supercomputer? These and related questions will be discussed in a moderated forum.Additional topics for open discussion will include:The Cell BE SDK and its components The Cell BE system simulator Systemsim Installing the SDK Building the SDK Programming to Cell BE Compilers & Tools Samples codeVarious application-oriented source code including Fast Fourier Transform, image, audio resample, math, game math, intrinsics, matrix operation, multi-precision math, noise generation, oscillator, surface, synchronization, and vectorSample port of scalar code to the Cell BE
Reduction of Worm Fecundity and Canine Host Blood Loss Mediates Protection against Hookworm Infection Elicited by Vaccination with Recombinant Ac- 16 (2007)

Hookworm infection is one of most important parasitic infection of humans, occurring in 740 million people. Here we report the protective vaccination of dogs with Ac-16, an immunodominant surface antigen from the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. We show that immunization with Ac-16 formulated with AS03 elicited specific humoral and cellular immune responses and provided partial protection against hookworm infection and morbidity as evidenced by a significant reduction of hookworm egg counts (64% reduction; P = 0.0078) and worm-induced blood loss (P < 0.05). Moreover, specific anti-Ac-16 antibodies recognized the native protein on the surface of third-stage larvae and blocked their migration through tissue in vitro. Our data support the use of Ac-16 as a potential candidate for vaccination against hookworm infection.
Chipless RFID Tag Using Hybrid Coding Technique (2011)

Increasing the coding capacity of chipless RFID tags is a key factor while considering the development of miniaturized tags. A novel hybrid coding technique by combining phase deviation and frequency position encoding is proposed here. A coding capacity of 22.9 bits is obtained simply with five resonators within a reduced dimension of 2 cm × 4 cm. The proposed tag is based on 5 `C' like metallic strip resonators having resonance frequency within the band of 2.5 GHz to 7.5 GHz. The tag is potentially low-cost since only one conductive layer is needed for the fabrication. Different tag configurations are designed and validated with measurement results in bi-static configuration. A good agreement between measurement and simulation validates the theoretical predictions.
Alternative Constraint Strategies to the Esmi Algorithm in Radar Systems (2006)

This paper considers interference cancellation in radar systems when the signal environment is non-stationary and focuses on the extended sample matrix inversion algorithm (ESMI) first proposed by Hay ward (1996). An explicit expression of the signal to noise plus interference ratio (SINR) obtained by this ESMI algorithm is given and analyzed. Compared to the SMI algorithm, it is shown that the performance improves for mainlobe jammers but degrades for sidelobe jammers. To overcome this drawback, an alternative constraint strategy is proposed which attains the good performances of the standard ESMI algorithm whatever the position of the jammers. Finally, the explicit expressions of these SINR are compared to Monte Carlo simulations w.r.t. implementation conditions
Energy-aware server provisioning and load dispatching for connection-intensive internet services (2008)

Energy consumption in hosting Internet services is becoming a pressing issue as these services scale up. Dynamic server provisioning techniques are effective in turning off unnecessary servers to save energy. Such techniques, mostly studied for request-response services, face challenges in the context of connection servers that host a large number of long-lived TCP connections. In this paper, we characterize unique properties, performance, and power models of connection servers, based on a real data trace collected from the deployed Windows Live Messenger. Using the models, we design server provisioning and load dispatching algorithms and study subtle interactions between them. We show that our algorithms can save a significant amount of energy without sacrificing user experiences. 1
Lipid–porphyrin fibres: morphology and incorporation into phospholipid vesicle (1993)

Protoporphyrin IX derivatives having two alkylphosphocholine groups (lipid–porphyrins) forms stable fibrous aggregates in aqueous medium; fibres have been spontaneously incorporated into the bilayer of the phospholipid vesicle.
Scanners for analytic print measurement: the devil in the details (2007)

Inexpensive and easy-to-use linear and area-array scanners have frequently substituted as colorimeters and densitometers for low-frequency (i.e., large area) hard copy image measurement. Increasingly, scanners are also being used for high spatial frequency, image microstructure measurements, which were previously reserved for high performance microdensitometers. In this paper we address characteristics of flatbed reflection scanners in the evaluation of print uniformity, geometric distortion, geometric repeatability and the influence of scanner MTF and noise on analytic measurements. Suggestions are made for the specification and evaluation of scanners to be used in print image quality standards that are being developed.
The role of water and protein flexibility in the structure-based virtual screening of allosteric GPCR modulators: an mGlu5 receptor case study (2019)

Stabilizing unique receptor conformations, allosteric modulators of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) might open novel treatment options due to their new pharmacological action, their enhanced specificity and selectivity in both binding and signaling. Ligand binding occurs at intrahelical allosteric sites and involves significant induced fit effects that include conformational changes in the local protein environment and water networks. Based on the analysis of available crystal structures of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu<sub>5</sub>) we investigated these effects in the binding of mGlu<sub>5</sub> receptor negative allosteric modulators. A large set of retrospective virtual screens revealed that the use of multiple protein structures and the inclusion of selected water molecules improves virtual screening performance compared to conventional docking strategies. The role of water molecules and protein flexibility in ligand binding can be taken into account efficiently by the proposed docking protocol that provided reasonable enrichment of true positives. This protocol is expected to be useful also for identifying intrahelical allosteric modulators for other GPCR targets.
[Cutaneous signs of endocrinopathies]. (2006)

Some cutaneous lesions accompany or reveal endocrine disorders. Identifying the endocrinopathy is very important because it sometimes allows corrective rather than symptomatic treatment. The most frequenly involved diseases include thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, the auto-immune disorders of thyroid, Cushing syndrome, Addison disease, acromegaly, androgen-dependent disorders, hypopituitarism, hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism and diabetes mellitus.
End-to-end Ultrasound Frame to Volume Registration (2021)

Fusing intra-operative 2D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) image with pre-operative 3D magnetic resonance (MR) volume to guide prostate biopsy can significantly increase the yield. However, such a multimodal 2D/3D registration problem is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end frame-to-volume registration network (FVR-Net), which can efficiently bridge the previous research gaps by aligning a 2D TRUS frame with a 3D TRUS volume without requiring hardware tracking. The proposed FVR-Net utilizes a dual-branch feature extraction module to extract the information from TRUS frame and volume to estimate transformation parameters. We also introduce a differentiable 2D slice sampling module which allows gradients backpropagating from an unsupervised image similarity loss for content correspondence learning. Our model shows superior efficiency for real-time interventional guidance with highly competitive registration accuracy.
Differential transactivation by alternative EWS-FLI1 fusion proteins correlates with clinical heterogeneity in Ewing's sarcoma. (1999)

The t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation is present in up to 95% of cases of Ewing's sarcoma and results in the formation of an EWS-FLI1 fusion gene which encodes a chimeric transcription factor. The proximate role of EWS-FLI1 in the pathogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma is thought to involve the activation of as yet largely unknown target genes. Many alternative forms of EWS-FLI1 exist because of variations in the locations of the EWS and FLI1 genomic breakpoints. The most common form, designated "type 1," consists of the first seven exons of EWS joined to exons 6-9 of FLI1 and accounts for approximately 60% of cases. The "type 2" EWS-FLI1 fusion also includes FLI1 exon 5 and is present in another 25%. We and others have observed previously that the type 1 fusion is associated with a significantly better prognosis than the other fusion types. Because EWS-FLI1 is an aberrant transcription factor, we investigated whether these differences in clinical behavior may be correlated to functional differences by comparing transactivation by the type 1 EWS-FLI1 with other types in both heterologous cells (HeLa, NIH3T3) and homologous cells (Ewing's sarcoma cell lines). In a panel of seven Ewing's sarcoma cell lines, we found transactivation of a transiently transfected FLI1-responsive reporter construct to be significantly lower in cell lines with the type 1 fusion than in cell lines with the type 2 fusion (P = 0.003). Cotransfection of the same reporter construct with each of a series of seven EWS-FLI1 expression constructs (corresponding to the two major fusion types and five less common types) also showed that type 1 EWS-FLI1 was a significantly weaker transactivator than the type 2 product in both HeLa and NIH3T3 cells (P = 0.003, and P = 0.033, respectively). Electromobility shift assays showed equivalent binding of the type 1 and type 2 EWS-FLI1 to the consensus FLI1-responsive binding site, indicating that differences in transactivation were not due simply to differences in DNA binding affinity. The finding that the type 1 EWS-FLI1 fusion, associated with less aggressive clinical behavior, encodes a less active chimeric transcription factor may provide the basis for a molecular explanation of clinical heterogeneity in Ewing's sarcoma.
17q22–24 Chromosomal Losses and Alterations of Protein Kinase A Subunit Expression and Activity in Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (2006)

PRKAR1A mutations are not found in AIMAH. Somatic losses of the 17q22-24 region and PKA subunit and enzymatic activity changes show that PKA signaling is altered in AIMAH in a way that is similar to that of other adrenal tumors with 17q losses or PRKAR1A mutations.
Cost-effective treatment of crumb rubber to improve the properties of crumb-rubber concrete (2022)

The incorporation of crumb rubber (CR) in concrete is associated with a negative effect on the mechanical properties of concrete due to the weak bond between CR and cement mortar. Consequently, there is a need to treat CR to improve its properties. This paper reports the effect of some CR treatment methods, such as NaOH, KMnO4, and cement coating in improving the mechanical properties of crumb rubber concrete (CRC). Up to 40% treated CR was used to replace fine aggregate in the preparation of CRC specimens. The effect of selected treatment methods on the surface texture and physical properties of CR was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy and sedimentation measurements. The unit weight and compressive- and flexural-strength were measured to assess the mechanical properties of CRC. Further, statistical and cost analysis of the experimental data were carried out to identify the optimum treatment method. It was noted that the selected treatment methods cause crucial changes in the surface texture and shape of CR particles. The NaOH,- KMnO4,- and cement-treated CR exhibited a remarkable improvement in the sedimentation coefficient being 51.8%, 99.6% and 99.0%, respectively, compared to value of 37.2% for the untreated-CR. The NaOH- and KMnO4-treatment methods increased the compressive- and flexural-strength of CRC at low quantity of CR. But at higher quantities of CR, there was a degradation in the mechanical properties due to the agglomeration of CR particles. However, the agglomeration phenomenon was overcome by applying a cement coating that resulted in 64% and 33% increase in the compressive- and flexural-strength, respectively, in CRC with 40% replacement of CR with fine aggregate. The statistical analysis indicated that cement coating is the most effective treatment method as it significantly enhances the mechanical properties of CRC. In addition, there was a 22% decrease in the cost of CRC due to the cement-treatment of CR.
Real-Time Monitoring of Insulin Using a Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Aptameric Nanosensor (2017)

This paper presents an approach to the real-time, label-free, specific, and sensitive monitoring of insulin using a graphene aptameric nanosensor. The nanosensor is configured as a field-effect transistor, whose graphene-based conducting channel is functionalized with a guanine-rich IGA3 aptamer. The negatively charged aptamer folds into a compact and stable antiparallel or parallel G-quadruplex conformation upon binding with insulin, resulting in a change in the carrier density, and hence the electrical conductance, of the graphene. The change in the electrical conductance is then measured to enable the real-time monitoring of insulin levels. Testing has shown that the nanosensor offers an estimated limit of detection down to 35 pM and is functional in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, a standard pancreatic islet perfusion medium. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this approach in label-free monitoring of insulin and in timely prediction of accurate insulin dosage in clinical diagnostics.
Brain endothelial cells are exquisite sensors of age-related circulatory cues (2019)

SUMMARY Brain endothelial cells (BECs) are key elements of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), protecting the brain from pathogens and restricting access to circulatory factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that the circulatory environment can modulate brain aging, yet, the underlying processes remain largely unknown. Given the BBB’s intermediary position, we hypothesized that BECs sense, adapt to, and relay signals between the aging blood and brain. We sequenced single endothelial cells from the hippocampus—a brain region key to learning, memory, and neurogenesis— of healthy young and aged mice as well as post-exposure to inflammatory and age-related circulatory factors. We discovered that aged capillary BECs, compared with arterial and venous cells, exhibit the greatest transcriptional changes, upregulating innate immunity, antigen presentation, TGF-β signaling and oxidative stress response pathways. Remarkably, short-term infusions of aged plasma into young mice recapitulated key aspects of this aging transcriptome, while infusions of young plasma into aged mice reversed select aging signatures, essentially rejuvenating the BBB endothelium transcriptome. We identify candidate pathways mediating blood-borne brain rejuvenation by comparing age-upregulated genes with those modulated by plasma exposure. Together, these findings suggest that the transcriptional age of BECs is exquisitely sensitive to age-related circulatory cues and pinpoint the BBB itself as a promising therapeutic target to treat brain disease. Highlights Single-cell RNA sequencing of brain endothelial cells (BECs) reveals transcriptional segmentation into distinct arterial, capillary, and venous identities with age and experimental interventions Changes with age are heterogenous across vessel segments, with aged capillaries enriched in signatures of innate immunity, TGF-β and VEGF signaling, hypoxia and oxidative stress BECs sense and respond transcriptionally to diverse circulatory cues: inflammatory, proaging, or rejuvenating Aged plasma exposure recapitulates—and young plasma reverses—key transcriptomic signatures of normal BEC aging BEC response to aged and young plasma reveals cell non-autonomous mechanisms of blood-brain-barrier aging
Analysis of hafnium containing powders and thin films for CMOS device applications (2008)

As the SiO2 or Si(O, N) layer in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices reaches its atomic limits it is necessary to find suitable materials that will allow further device scaling. Leading candidate materials include hafnia and hafnium silicate; however, issues remain regarding their stability which must be resolved. This paper highlights some of these issues in hafnium-containing gate stacks. Hafnium silicate bulk powders were investigated to gain a better understanding of the chemistry and crystallisation processes involved. This was done using x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy.
Vortex rings in pure water under static external electric field (2005)

The reproducible development of vortex rings in pure water under the action of a static external electric field is demonstrated. The phenomenon results from the electrochemical decomposition of water. Given the low conductivity of water in the absence of electrolyte, the field-driven buildup of hydroxide ions at the anode becomes essential to the proton release, which in turn is the result of the molecular O2(g) evolution. Water recombination processes, which have protons flowing in a hydroxide background, as a key ingredient produce the phenomenon.
Noise Activated Nonlinear Dynamic Sensors (2002)

We introduce a novel dynamical description for a wide class of nonlinear physical sensors operating in a noisy environment. The presence of unknown physical signals is assessed via the monitoring of the residence times in the metastable attractors of the system. We show that the presence of ambient noise, far from degrading the sensor operation, can actually improve its sensitivity and provide a greatly simplified readout scheme, as well as significantly reduce processing procedures for this new class of devices that we propose to call noise activated nonlinear dynamic sensors. Such devices can also show interesting dynamical features such as the resonant trapping effect.