gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection and characterization of forest soil metagenome genes encoding lipolytic enzymes. (2007)

A metagenome is a unique resource to search for novel microbial enzymes from the unculturable microorganisms in soil. A forest soil metagenomic library using a fosmid and soil microbial DNA from Gwangneung forest, Korea, was constructed in Escherichia coli and screened to select lipolytic genes. A total of seven unique lipolytic clones were selected by screening of the 31,000-member forest soil metagenome library based on tributyrin hydrolysis. The ORFs for lipolytic activity were subcloned in a high copy number plasmid by screening the secondary shortgun libraries from the seven clones. Since the lipolytic enzymes were well secreted in E. coli into the culture broth, the lipolytic activity of the subclones was confirmed by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate using culture broth. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis of the identified ORFs for lipolytic activity revealed that 4 genes encode hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in lipase family IV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 4 proteins were clustered with HSL in the database and other metagenomic HSLs. The other 2 genes and 1 gene encode non-heme peroxidase-like enzymes of lipase family V and a GDSL family esterase/lipase in family II, respectively. The gene for the GDSL enzyme is the first description of the enzyme from metagenomic screening.
Total synthesis and membrane modifying properties of the lipopeptaibol trikoningin KB II and its analogues with acyl chains of different length at the N- and C-termini (1999)

Trikoningin KB II, a ten-amino acid residue lipopeptaibol blocked at the N-terminus by the n-octanoyl group and at the C-terminus by the 1,2-amino alcohol L-leucinol, and extracted from the fungus Trichoderma koningii, exhibits membrane-modifying properties. We have synthesized by solution-phase methods trikoningin KB II and several analogues with acyl chains of different length at the N- and C-termini. Permeability measurements showed that an appropriate length of the linear acyl chain is a more important characteristic for the onset of significant membrane-modifying activity than its position in the peptide chain.
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Polymer Compatibility Studies (2013)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were oxidated and functionalized in order to determine the structural and chemical changes on their atomic bonding. MWNTs were oxidized in an aqueous solution of HNO3 (70%) and H2SO4 (95%) at 25 °C. Pristine and oxidized carbon nanotubes (ox-MWNTs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). MWNTs and ox-MWNTs were silane-functionalized and incorporated into a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) matrix. The dispersion properties and interface interactions were studied for the composite materials. MWCNTs oxidation was performed and supported by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR results of disorder and defects in the carbon lattice; as well as change in the amount and type of chemical groups attached to the CNTs walls. Roughness areas visible in SEM images indicate Van der Waals interactions between CNTs and functionalization reagents. Control of the oxidation state can effectively direct molecular functionalization of a CNT sidewall. Composites showed good dispersion of filler; with the best one for oxidized-silane functionalized CNTs.
Storage element scaling impact on CNT memory retention and ON/OFF window (2014)

CNT (Carbon Nanotube) based memory (NRAM) demonstrates a beneficial scaling effect related to the patterned area of the CNT region, such that the scaled feature shows an improvement in ON/OFF resistance ratio (to ~10,000x and improved data retention relative to the original feature dimensions.
ssDNA-Binding Protein 2 Is Frequently Hypermethylated and Suppresses Cell Growth in Human Prostate Cancer (2008)

SSBP2 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and seems to represent a novel prostate cancer-specific DNA marker, especially in high stages of human prostate cancer.
Studies on Salmonella Infections in Pigs with Emphasis in Food Safety Applications (1996)

During the past year, studies have been conducted in the following areas: 1. the seasonal variations in environmental fecal Salmonella in pigs prior to shipment for slaughter 2. identification of groups of pigs that might be at risk for becoming infected with Salmonella 3. comparison of culture and the Danish MIX-ELISA for detection of Salmonella on pig farms 4. efficacy of SC54 vaccination of pigs at one day of age 5. the comparison of culture and the Danish MIX-ELISA for the detection of Salmonella in carcasses at slaughter 6. the impact of Salmonella infections on performance
Highly Selective Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diels−Alder Reactions of Acyclic (Z)-1,3-Dienes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHighly Selective Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diels−Alder Reactions of Acyclic (Z)-1,3-DienesWilliam R. Roush and David A. BardaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47405 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 31, 7402–7403Publication Date (Web):August 6, 1997Publication History Received4 April 1997Published online6 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja971070hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja971070hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1448Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Anions,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Lewis acids Get e-Alerts
Identification and Inhibitory Properties of a Novel Ca2+/Calmodulin Antagonist (2010)

We developed a high-throughput yeast-based assay to screen for chemical inhibitors of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase pathways. After screening two small libraries, we identified the novel antagonist 125-C9, a substituted ethyleneamine. In vitro kinase assays confirmed that 125-C9 inhibited several calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) competitively with Ca(2+)/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM). This suggested that 125-C9 acted as an antagonist for Ca(2+)/CaM rather than for CaMKs. We confirmed this hypothesis by showing that 125-C9 binds directly to Ca(2+)/CaM using isothermal titration calorimetry. We further characterized binding of 125-C9 to Ca(2+)/CaM and compared its properties with those of two well-studied CaM antagonists: trifluoperazine (TFP) and W-13. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that binding of 125-C9 to CaM is absolutely Ca(2+)-dependent, likely occurs with a stoichiometry of five 125-C9 molecules to one CaM molecule, and involves an exchange of two protons at pH 7.0. Binding of 125-C9 is driven overall by entropy and appears to be competitive with TFP and W-13, which is consistent with occupation of similar binding sites. To test the effects of 125-C9 in living cells, we evaluated mitogen-stimulated re-entry of quiescent cells into proliferation and found similar, although slightly better, levels of inhibition by 125-C9 than by TFP and W-13. Our results not only define a novel Ca(2+)/CaM inhibitor but also reveal that chemically unique CaM antagonists can bind CaM by distinct mechanisms but similarly inhibit cellular actions of CaM.
From controlling single processes to the complex automation of process chains by artificially intelligent control systems: the Control In Steel project (2022)

The Control In Steel project, a cooperation of four research institutes, revisited research projects of the last 20 years focusing on automation and control solutions applied to the downstream steel production route. During this investigation we found hints to those solutions, which were beneficial for specific problems. For our analysis, 46 projects were systematically reviewed. Taxonomies for the problem space, the solution space, the barriers and issues and the impact were developed and each project categorized along these taxonometrical dimensions. As a result, the interdependencies between solutions and impact could be analysed in a quantifiable way, which led to a new way of evaluating project success. It also brought new insights about the most promising techniques already applied and those techniques, that have been apparently not yet been applied to steel production, although being highly successful in other domains. This leads to potential future research chances for the steel production and their complex process chains. The paper will also finally demonstrate how a similar taxonometrical approach can be used to conserve expert knowledge in automation to feed a truly artificially intelligent control solution – not only exploiting machine learning methods but essentially using machine reasoning on top of the digitized expert knowledge to achieve improved process automation.
An Expedient Synthesis of LAF389, a Bengamide B Analogue (2003)

An optimized, convergent, safe synthesis of LAF389 (9), an anti-cancer agent analogous to bengamide B, is described. Starting from α-d-glucoheptonic (d-glycero-d-gulo-heptonic acid) γ-lactone (10), the lactone 15 was constructed in five steps. Major improvements were made in the preparation of the aldehyde precursor 14 and subsequent olefination to yield 15 via a modified Julia protocol. This olefination was significantly improved by using TMSCl as an additive. The second fragment of the drug substance, ε-caprolactam 7, was obtained in two one-pot operations from (5R)-5-hydroxy-l-lysine (1). Finally, opening 15 with 7 using sodium 2-ethyl hexanoate (Na-EH) gave 8, which on deprotection yielded LAF389.
Airborne migration behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 coupled with varied air distribution systems in a ventilated space (2023)

Air distribution system could critically affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor space; therefore, this study aims at demonstrating numerical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 migration with varied air distribution system configurations. Seven cases were investigated regarding three major aspects: how fast suspended particles can be removed from the ventilated space or changed into deposited particles; how much particles are attached to various object surfaces which leads to an infection by touching fomite. All cases were analyzed through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Both different shapes (round or linear diffusers) and installation locations (ceiling or floor) of inlet and outlet diffusers were investigated. Results showed that different air distribution system would lead to different dispersion profiles of infectious particles and different deposition pattern of particles on interior surfaces. With the same air flow rate, linear-diffuser would perform better for CO 2 extraction while requiring less time to remove or collide the same magnitude of suspended droplets compared to round-diffuser. However, how quickly removed or suspended droplets collide is not proportional to how less the number of total particles are remained. Two additional cases with double sized space possessing best ventilation configuration were also examined to explore potential application of the best-ventilated configuration to various spatial expansion cases.
Bestimmung transienter Konformationszustände von Proteinen durch Festkörper‐R1ρ‐Relaxationsdispersions‐NMR‐Spektroskopie (2014)

Abstract Die Funktion von Proteinen basiert auf der Fähigkeit, eine Vielfalt an Zuständen einzunehmen, die sich in ihren Strukturen und freien Energien unterscheiden. Um eine Proteinfunktion zu verstehen, gilt es daher herauszufinden, wie die verschiedenen, thermisch zugänglichen Konformationen miteinander verbunden sind und welche Strukturen und relativen Energien sie aufweisen. Viele biomolekulare Reaktionen laufen innerhalb von Mikro‐ bis Millisekunden ab, weshalb diese Zeitskala von zentraler (und funktioneller) Bedeutung ist. Wir zeigen hier, dass R 1ρ ‐Relaxationsdispersionsexperimente in Festkörper‐NMR mit Rotation am magischen Winkel Einblicke in die Thermodynamik und Kinetik solcher Austauschprozesse gibt, und dass auch strukturelle Parameter über kurzlebige Zustände erhalten werden können.
Induction of Migraine-Like Photophobic Behavior in Mice by Both Peripheral and Central CGRP Mechanisms (2017)

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key player in migraine. Although migraine can be treated using CGRP antagonists that act peripherally, the relevant sites of CGRP action remain unknown. To address the role of CGRP both within and outside the CNS, we used CGRP-induced light-aversive behavior in mice as a measure of migraine-associated photophobia. Peripheral (intraperitoneal) injection of CGRP resulted in light-aversive behavior in wild-type CD1 mice similar to aversion seen previously after central (intracerebroventricular) injection. The phenotype was also observed in C57BL/6J mice, although to a lesser degree and with more variability. After intraperitoneal CGRP, motility was decreased in the dark only, similar to motility changes after intracerebroventricular CGRP. In addition, as with intracerebroventricular CGRP, there was no general increase in anxiety as measured in an open-field assay after intraperitoneal CGRP. Importantly, two clinically effective migraine drugs, the 5-HT<sub>1B/D</sub> agonist sumatriptan and a CGRP-blocking monoclonal antibody, attenuated the peripheral CGRP-induced light aversion and motility behaviors. To begin to address the mechanism of peripheral CGRP action, we used transgenic CGRP-sensitized mice that have elevated levels of the CGRP receptor hRAMP1 subunit in nervous tissue (<i>nestin/hRAMP1</i>). Surprisingly, sensitivity to low light was not seen after intraperitoneal CGRP injection, but was seen after intracerebroventricular CGRP injection. These results suggest that CGRP can act in both the periphery and the brain by distinct mechanisms and that CGRP actions may be transmitted to the CNS via indirect sensitization of peripheral nerves. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a central player in migraine pathogenesis, yet its site(s) of action remains unknown. Some preclinical studies have pointed to central sites in the brain and brainstem. However, a peripheral site of action is indicated by the ability of intravenous CGRP to trigger migraine in humans and the efficacy of CGRP receptor antagonists that evidently do no penetrate the CNS in effective amounts. Resolving this issue is particularly important given recent clinical trials showing that anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies can reduce and even prevent migraine attacks. In this study, we report that CGRP can act in both the brain and the periphery of the mouse to cause migraine-like photophobia by apparently distinct mechanisms.
Factors Associated With Response to High-Dose Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (2001)

The presence of metastases only to subcutaneous and/or cutaneous sites, lymphocytosis immediately after treatment, and long-term immunologic side effects, especially vitiligo, were associated with antitumor response to IL-2 therapy.
Amodal Completion and Vernier Acuity: Evidence of ‘Top-But-Not-Very-Far-Down’ Processes? (1995)

Vernier thresholds were measured by means of a forced-choice paradigm for physically separated bars that were perceived either as separate or as amodally completed behind an occluder. The finding that thresholds were not reduced (improved) with amodal completion argues against an early neural code for amodal completion that is equivalent to physical completion of the vernier bars (ie neural propagation/interpolation) and limits the stage at which amodal representations could arise via bottom-up processes to neural sites located centrally with respect to those involved in position coding. An alternative explanation is also considered, that this result reflects the activity of top-down processes that mediate amodal completion by imposing grouping/organizational constraints upon earlier representations of position. In support of this proposition it was found that when tested by means of a non-forced-choice paradigm without feedback, observers demonstrated a reduced tendency to report the presence of a vernier offset when the bars were perceived as amodally completed (ie a shift in response bias occurred). This separability of vernier acuity and response bias suggests the existence of 'top-but-not-very-far-down' grouping processes whose influence does not extend to early representations of relative position.
COMPARISON OF 14, 18 AND 20 GAUGE NEEDLES IN EX-VIVO RENAL MASS BIOPSY: A PROSPECTIVE BLINDED STUDY (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008COMPARISON OF 14, 18 AND 20 GAUGE NEEDLES IN EX-VIVO RENAL MASS BIOPSY: A PROSPECTIVE BLINDED STUDY Alberto Breda, Leah Haft-Candell, John T Leppert, Jonathan W Said, Robert B Smith, Arie S Belldegrun, and Peter G Schulam Alberto BredaAlberto Breda More articles by this author , Leah Haft-CandellLeah Haft-Candell More articles by this author , John T LeppertJohn T Leppert More articles by this author , Jonathan W SaidJonathan W Said More articles by this author , Robert B SmithRobert B Smith More articles by this author , Arie S BelldegrunArie S Belldegrun More articles by this author , and Peter G SchulamPeter G Schulam More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61100-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "COMPARISON OF 14, 18 AND 20 GAUGE NEEDLES IN EX-VIVO RENAL MASS BIOPSY: A PROSPECTIVE BLINDED STUDY." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 376 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 376 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Alberto Breda More articles by this author Leah Haft-Candell More articles by this author John T Leppert More articles by this author Jonathan W Said More articles by this author Robert B Smith More articles by this author Arie S Belldegrun More articles by this author Peter G Schulam More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Supplementary Figure 5 from Ligand-Independent Toll-like Receptor Signals Generated by Ectopic Overexpression of MyD88 Generate Local and Systemic Antitumor Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Ligand-Independent Toll-like Receptor Signals Generated by Ectopic Overexpression of MyD88 Generate Local and Systemic Antitumor Immunity
Est Maître Des Lieux Celui Qui Les Organise: How Rules Change When National and European Policy Domains Collide (2001)

Abstract An examination is made of how tensions that develop between supranational and national governance structures are resolved, given the institutionalization taking place at the European level. The focus is on two national policy domains – state aids and regional development – and the author explains how, since the mid-1980s, European Union (EU) officials have succeeded in inducing their French counterparts to alter legislation and administrative practices once assumed to be fundamentally immune to external influence – a process that is increasingly referred to as the ‘Europeanization of the nation state’. The view taken is that Europeanization took place in a series of ‘rounds’ that have followed a common sequence: disagreement about the nature and scope of EU rules in national regimes; open contestation between supranational and national officials; the fixing of a new or clarified rule on the part of EU officials; and, finally, the grudging acceptance of the rule by the French. After each round, new patterns of French resistance emerged, but the rules of the game governing these interactions are fixed by the results of previous rounds, and come to be more or less taken for granted by actors at both levels; it is argued that the overall process tends to favour the expansion and diffusion of EU modes of governance, and the weakening of specifically national modes. The chapter is divided into three main sections: the first provides a summary overview of the development of EU competition policy and its intersections with state aids and regional policy; the second focuses on state aids in two sectors (French regional and industrial policy), which are analysed against the backdrop of the development of European competition law; and the third part discusses conflicts over the meaning of European rules in relation to the process of ‘endogenous’ institutional change.
Scheduling in heterogeneous cellular networks with mobility (2012)

We examine the scheduling problem in the context of heterogeneous cellular networks in the presence of mobility. We demonstrate that the QoS for users in a cellular network can be optimized using an interference-aware approach that is most effective at low Doppler frequency scenarios or a channel-aware approach that is most effective at higher low Doppler frequency scenarios.
Noise suppression in surface microseismic data by τ— p transform (2012)

Surface passive seismic methods are receiving increased attention for monitoring changes in reservoirs during the production of unconventional oil and gas. However, in passive seismic data the strong cultural and ambient noise (mainly surface-waves) decreases the effectiveness of these techniques. Hence, suppression of surface-waves is a critical step in surface microseismic monitoring. We apply a noise suppression technique, based on the τ — p transform, to a surface passive seismic dataset recorded over a Barnett Shale reservoir undergoing a hydraulic fracturing process. This technique not only improves the signal-to-noise ratios of added synthetic microseismic events, but it also preserves the event waveforms.
Programmable Fluidic Production of Microparticles with Configurable Anisotropy (2008)

We report a technique for continuous production of microparticles of variable size with new forms of anisotropy including alternating bond angles, configurable patchiness, and uniform roughness. The sequence and shape of the anisotropic particles are configured by exploiting a combination of confinement effects and microfluidics to pack precursor colloids with different properties into a narrow, terminal channel. The width and length of the channel relative to the particle size fully specify the configuration of the anisotropic particle that will be produced. The precursor spheres packed in the production zone are then permanently bonded into particles by thermal fusing. The flow in the production zone is reversed to release the particles for collection and use. Particles produced have linear chain structure with precisely configured, repeatable bond angles. With software programmable microfluidics, sequence and shape anisotropy are combined to yield synthesized homogeneous (type "A"), surfactantlike (type "A-B") or triblock (type "A-B-A") internal sequences in a single device. By controlling the dimensions of the microfluidic production zone, triangular prisms and particles with controlled roughness and patchiness are produced. The fabrication method is performed with precursors spheres with diameter as small as 3.0 microm.