gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melaninization Reduces Cryptococcus neoformans Susceptibility to Mechanical Stress (2023)

Melanin is a complex pigment that is found in various fungal species and is associated with a multitude of protective functions against environmental stresses. In Cryptococcus neoformans, melanin is synthesized from exogenous substrate and deposited in the cell wall. Although melanin is often cited as a protector against mechanical stress, there is a paucity of direct experimental data supporting this claim. To probe whether melanin enhances cellular strength, we used ultrasonic cavitation and French cell press pressure to stress cryptococcal cells and then measured changes in cellular morphology and fragmentation for melanized and nonmelanized C. neoformans cells. Melanized yeast cells exhibited lower rates of fragmentation and greater cell areas than did nonmelanized yeast cells after sonication or French press passage. When subjected to French press passage, both melanized and nonmelanized cells exhibited responses that were dependent on their culture age. Our results indicate that melanization protects against some of the morphological changes, such as fragmentation and cellular shrinkage, that are initiated by mechanical energy derived from either sonic cavitation or French press passage, thus supporting the notion that this pigment provides mechanical strength for fungal cell walls. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Melanin was shown in prior microbiological experiments to be associated with protection against environmental stressors, and it has often been cited as being associated with mechanical stress protection. However, there is a lack of direct experimentation to confirm this claim. We examined the responses of melanized and nonmelanized C. neoformans cells to sonication and French press passage, and we report differences in outcomes depending not only on melanization status but also on culture age. Such findings have important implications for the design and interpretation of laboratory experiments involving C. neoformans. In addition, the elucidation of some of the mechanical properties of melanin promotes further research into fungal melanin applications in health care and industry.
Stereochemistry of hexakis(dimethylamino)benzene and its dication (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of hexakis(dimethylamino)benzene and its dicationJeffrey M. Chance, Bart Kahr, Andrzej B. Buda, John P. Toscano, and Kurt MislowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 14, 3226–3232Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00249a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00249a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views472Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Combination Therapy with Amphotericin B Lipid Complex and Caspofungin Acetate of Disseminated Zygomycosis in Diabetic Ketoacidotic Mice (2005)

We studied the combination of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) and caspofungin in mice with disseminated Rhizopus oryzae. Combination therapy improved survival compared to that of mice given monotherapy and that of untreated controls (P < 0.05) but did not improve organ clearance. In addition, prophylactic combination therapy was not more effective than prophylactic ABLC alone.
Lichtinduzierte Polymer‐ und Polymerisationsreaktionen. 29. Kinetische Studie der radikalinitiierten Photopolymerisation von Butandiol‐1,4‐dimethacrylat in Poly(vinylpyrrolidon)‐Schichten mit einem isoperibolen Calorimeter (1987)

Abstract Photopolymerisationsreaktionen können in Schichten quantitativ mit einem billigen isoperibolen Wärmeleitungscalorimeter verfolgt werden, wenn eine numerische Korrektur der Meßdaten erfolgt. Die dazu notwendigen Prozeduren werden mit Hilfe der Übertragungstheorie abgebildet. Sie verlangen eine einmalige Eichung des Gerätes mit einem Wärmenadelimpuls. Die durch Benzoin‐iso‐propylether initiierte radikalische Photopolymerisation von Butandiol‐1,4‐dimethacrylat in Poly(vinylpyrrolidon)‐Schichten (etwa 20 μm Schichtdicke) erreicht in Luftatmosphäre einen Monomerumsatz von 60%, der nicht von der Ausgangsmonomerkonzentration abhängt. Der Exponent der Lichtintensität variiert mit dem Umsatzgrad, ist aber stets kleiner als 0,5. Die Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit steigt anfänglich stark an und fällt nach Erreichen eines Maximums bei 25% igem Umsatz stark ab.
N-Ac-DEVD-N‘-(Polyfluorobenzoyl)−R110:  Novel Cell-Permeable Fluorogenic Caspase Substrates for the Detection of Caspase Activity and Apoptosis (2003)

N-Pentafluorobenzoyl-R110 (1a) and N-(2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoyl)-R110 (1b) with enhanced cell retention properties, were prepared from rhodamine 110 (R-110) and the corresponding polyfluorobenzoyl chloride. N-Ac-DEVD-N'-pentafluorobenzoyl-R110 (3a) and N-Ac-DEVD-N'-(2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoyl)-R110 (3b) were prepared as tetrapeptide substrates for caspases. Substrate 3b was efficiently cleaved by human recombinant caspase-3 in an enzyme assay. Substrate 3b also was efficiently cleaved in cell-based apoptosis assays. After cleavage in apoptotic cells by activated caspases, the substrate becomes fluorescent as measured by flow cytometry. These substrates should prove useful in cell-based assays for studying apoptosis inducers and inhibitors.
Regulation of ΔNp63α by NFκΒ (2010)

ΔNp63α, the dominant negative isoform of the p63 family is an essential survival factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This isoform has been shown to be down regulated in response to several DNA damaging agents, thereby enabling an effective cellular response to genotoxic agents. Here, we identify a key molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of ΔNp63α expression in response to extrinsic stimuli, such as chemotherapeutic agents. We show that ΔNp63α interacts with NF-κΒ in presence of cisplatin. We find that NF-κΒ promotes ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of ΔNp63α. Chemotherapy-induced stimulation of NF-κΒ leads to degradation of ΔNp63α and augments trans-activation of p53 family-induced genes involved in the cellular response to DNA damage. Conversely, inhibition of NF-κΒ with siRNA-mediated silencing NF-κΒ expression attenuates chemotherapy induced degradation of ΔNp63α . These data demonstrate that NF-κΒ plays an essential role in regulating ΔNp63α in response to extrinsic stimuli. Our findings suggest that the activation of NF-κΒ may be a mechanism by which levels of ΔNp63α are reduced, thereby rendering the cells susceptible to cell death in the face of cellular stress or DNA damage.
Synthetic Studies Towards Taxol Analogs: Chemoselective Cleavage of C-5 Cinnamoyl Group in Taxane Group of Diterpenoids with Hydroxylamine (1994)

Abstract Taxane group of diterpenoids 2 and 3 which possess cinnamoyl moiety at C-5 position underwent selective cleavage to C-5 hydroxy compounds 4 and 5 on treatment with hydroxylamine. The resulting compounds were characterised based on their spectral data.
User-awareness and adaptation in conversational agents (2014)

This paper considers the research question of developing user-aware and adaptive conversational agents. The conversational agent is a system which is user-aware to the extent that it recognizes the user identity and his/her emotional states that are relevant in a given interaction domain. The conversational agent is user-adaptive to the extent that it dynamically adapts its dialogue behavior according to the user and his/her emotional state. The paper summarizes some aspects of our previous work and presents work-in-progress in the field of speech-based human-machine interaction. It focuses particularly on the development of speech recognition modules in cooperation with both modules for emotion recognition and speaker recognition, as well as the dialogue management module. Finally, it proposes an architecture of a conversational agent that integrates those modules and improves each of them based on some kind of synergies among themselves.
X-ray and neutron reflectivity and electronic properties of PCBM-poly(bromo)styrene blends and bilayers with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (2012)

We used neutron reflectivity to complement X-ray reflectivity characterization of PCBM-based layers formed on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Single-layer analyses were used to provide reliable scattering length density values for bilayer fitting. Atomic force microscopy analyses showed trends similar to the reflectivity experiments when observing upper surfaces. Styrene polymers added to PCBM in small concentrations (ca. 10%) led to processing advantages while retaining substantial electron mobility, about 0.001 cm2/V s. The further introduction of a relatively heavy bromo substituent on the styrene rings greatly increased the film smoothness, as revealed by increases of the oscillation amplitudes in the reflectivity. In addition, the bromine heavy atom increased the X-ray reflectivity scattering length density of the upper layer. Finally, we present data consistent with PCBM becoming partially mixed with the P3HT as the PCBM is spin coated from a solution with poly(bromostyrene) to form an overlying film, consistent with predictions based on published phase diagrams of the P3HT-PCBM system.
Integrated Alkali-Electrochemical Process for Wastewater Treatment (2020)

Solid waste mismanagement causes environmental contamination. Sewage sludge is the byproduct of the wastewater treatment process and contains pathogenic organisms (e.g Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, etc.). Anaerobic digestion is widely used for sewage sludge treatment. However, the major drawback of this process is the sluggish rate of sludge biodegradation. Therefore, the retention time in the typical digester is long (between 20-30 days) which consequently results in substantial energy consumption. On the other hand, approximately 50- 60 % of the operational cost in the wastewater treatment plant is dedicated to the treatment and disposal of waste. Hence, it is essential to develop a treatment method to decrease energy consumption. Alkaline treatment is an attractive process for sludge destruction and improvement in the sludge biodegradability. Furthermore, electrochemical oxidation of the organic materials is an environmentally friendly alternative pathway to disintegrate the sludge microbial cells and eliminate the pathogen bacteria from biosolid for safe disposal. Therefore, the combined alkaline electrochemical technique could expedite waste degradation by using the synergetic functions and increase efficiency of the treatment. To overcome the challenges related to the conventional treatment method, our research group has developed a novel, energy-efficient mixed alkali-electrochemical sludge treatment in a membraneless electrochemical system at room temperature and low applied potential. In this study, the bimetallic (platinum-iridium) nanocatalyst was synthesized with modified polyol method. The thermal behavior of the raw sludge and the residue biosolid after electrolysis was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To determine the effect of electrolysis on the chemical structure of biosolid, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) and elemental analysis techniques were applied. Ammonia was produced as a byproduct of the waste treatment which can be converted to hydrogen through electrolysis. A considerable amount of solid reduction was achieved by implementing a short electrolysis treatment which diminished the waste transportation and disposal cost to a large extend. Furthermore, the energy consumption was significantly lower than the previous research studies. In this presentation, results from this study including (i) the electrochemical performance of catalyst for sewage sludge treatment (ii) pathogen disinfection and (iii) biosolid characterization will be provided.
55 Evidence behind drug use in vascular anomalies: From infantile hemangioma to rare vascular anomalies … What do we know about what we do with local, systemic, or sclerotherapy treatment? (2021)

Abstract Primary Subject area Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Background The most common vascular anomaly (VA) requiring medical treatment are infantile hemangiomas, but many other vascular anomalies affecting children are treated with local, systemic drugs or sclerosing agents. Rational drug prescribing implies assessment of whether a drug’s benefits outweigh the risk of adverse effects for treatment of a specific vascular anomaly. This process relies on the quality of the literature on efficacy and safety for drug treatment of vascular anomalies. Objectives To evaluate the level of evidence surrounding drug use in vascular anomalies. Design/Methods A list of drugs used in vascular anomalies was created with existing guidelines. For each drug, the article displaying the highest level of evidence was determined, using Oxford criteria. Levels of evidence were compared between efficacy and safety data, routes of administration, pharmacological categories, and a subset of specific vascular anomalies. The influence of research quality on study results was explored by comparing the percentage of clinical efficacy between high- and low-quality studies. Results We identified 71 different drugs for treating vascular anomalies. The median level of evidence was low, with a predominance of retrospective cohort studies and case reports. The level of evidence was higher for efficacy than safety data and for common diseases like infantile hemangiomas. The level of evidence was lower for systemic vs. local drugs. Clinical efficacy was more frequently reported in low quality studies (retrospective cohort studies and case reports) than in high quality studies (randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis). Conclusion Quality of research on drugs used for treating vascular anomalies in infants is poor and challenges rational drug use. Indeed, knowledge of drug treatment in VA relies mainly on research of poor methodological quality. Despite the use of drugs carrying a significant risk of adverse effects, drug safety is also poorly reported. This is alarming because some treatments, like antineoplastic agents and immunosuppressants, display an unsafe adverse effect profile. A publication bias towards positive results probably leads to overestimation of drug efficacy in vascular anomalies. An independent international pharmacovigilance system for drug use in vascular anomalies is proposed to improve efficacy and safety reporting and promote quality drug prescribing.
Quantitative phase imaging based on single-shot TIE using polarization multiplexing (2022)

A new method for rapid quantitative phase imaging using TIE based on polarization multiplexing has been developed. The technique is well-suited for different types of phase objects, including biological samples, as demonstrated by experimental results.
Interreaction Between Al 2 O 3 and a CaO‐Al 2 O 3 Melt (1984)

Poly crystalline and single‐crystalline α‐alumina were reacted with a eutectic CaO‐Al 2 O 3 melt at 1530°C. A reaction zone develops in which a strongly textured CA 6 layer, as well as a CA 2 layer, forms, with a remaining layer of unreacted CaO‐AI 2 O 3 melt. Silica, an impurity in the α‐alumina, is rejected by the advancing CA 6 phase and accumulates as calcium alumino‐silicates in channels that assist in the reaction as fast transport paths. Reaction mechanisms and welding are briefly discussed.
A widely tunable, dual-wavelength fiber laser incorporating two polymer waveguide Bragg gratings (2013)

We present a continuously tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser based on polymer waveguide Bragg grating (PWBG) filters. The PWBG filters are used as wavelength selective components in the laser cavity. The 3 dB linewidth of the lasing wavelength is measured to be 0.02–0.04 nm over the whole wavelength tuning range. This range is 18.9 nm, from 1546.6 to 1527.7 nm. A linear response of the peak wavelength to the applied electrical power is achieved. The tuning efficiency of the single wavelength is −0.19 nm mW−1. The wavelength spacing for the dual-wavelength fiber laser is tuned from 1.2 to 18.9 nm. The side-mode suppression ratio achieved is more than 35 dB over the whole tuning range. Stability of the dual-wavelength laser is accomplished by careful adjustment of the polarization states of the dual wavelengths.
Genetics of the hippocampal transcriptome in mouse: a systematic survey and online neurogenomics resource (2009)

Differences in gene expression in the CNS influence behavior and disease susceptibility. To systematically explore the role of normal variation in expression on hippocampal structure and function, we generated an online microarray database for a diverse panel of strains of mice, including most common inbred strains and numerous recombinant inbred lines (www.genenetwork.org). Using this resource, coexpression networks for families of genes can be generated rapidly to test causal models related to function. The data set is optimized for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and was used to identify over 5500 QTLs that modulate mRNA levels. We describe a wide variety of analyses and novel synthetic approaches that take advantage of this resource, and demonstrate how both the data and associated tools can be applied to the study of gene regulation in the hippocampus and relations to structure and function.
Lanthanoiden‐Komplexe, III. Flüchtige Neodym‐ und Yttrium‐Alkoxide mit neuen sperrigen Chelatliganden (1992)

Abstract Complexes of the Lanthanides, III [1] . – Volatile Neodymium and Yttrium Alkoxides with New Bulky Chelating Ligands The synthesis of a new type of lanthanide alkoxides is described. The “clinching alcohols” HOCH t BuCH 2 OEt ( 1a ), HOCH t BuCH 2 NEt 2 ( 1b ), HOC t Bu 2 CH 2 OEt ( 1c ), and HOCH‐ i Pr 2 CH 2 OEt ( 1d ) react with Nd[N{Si(CH 3 ) 3 } 2 ] 3 ( 2a ) to form the corresponding homoleptic alkoxide complexes 3a–d . The same procedure is applied to obtain the novel yttrium alkoxide 4 from the amide precursor 2b and the alcohol 1d . The new complexes are all very soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons and were characterized by means of analyses and spectroscopy. The interesting property of these complexes is their remarkable volatility, the highest so far achieved for lanthanide alkoxides.
Optimizing risk stratification: a modified signal-averaged ECG method (2005)

The signal-averaged ECG (SA-ECG) has established value in identifying patients a risk for serious ventricular arrhythmias following myocardial infarction. The standard SA-ECG has high negative (90-100%), but low positive (10-35%) predictive value. This latter characteristic appears, in part, related to the method by which the SA-ECG is derived. Given that the onset & offser of the QRS complex and the presence or absence of late potentials are inherently related to the signal to noise ratio, it may not be appropriate to derive these parameters using a single set of ECG epochs. To further addrms this issue, 78 individual SA-ECG recordings were analyzed at a target noise level of 0.5 pV and at a fmed number of templates (300). Wsing our mod@ed approach, a significant percentage of patients were classified as "indeterminate" in that the confidence interval for QRS width crossed the threshold level.
Impact of Mobility Boosters (XsSOI, CESL, TiN gate) on the Performance of &#x226A;100&#x226B; or &#x226A;110&#x226B; oriented FDSOI cMOSFETs for the 32nm Node (2007)

For the first time, we integrated 1.9GPa eXtra-strained silicon on insulator (XsSOI) substrates in FDSOI n and pMOSFETs with gate length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> ) and width (W) down to 25nm. Due to the high stress levels, significant I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> -I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> improvements were obtained not only for nMOS but also for pMOS. We compared those results with the performance of devices strained by Contact Etch Stop Layer (CESL), for different device orientations (<110> or <100>) and feature sizes (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> , W). We demonstrate that, similarly to XsSOI, a single tensile CESL can improve both n and pMOS performance, leading to I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON,n</sub> =700 muA/mum and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON,p</sub> =430 μA/μm at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> =140 pA/μm, this for L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> <35nm, W=50nm and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =1V along the <100> direction.
Monte Carlo simulations of imprint behavior in ferroelectrics (2005)

In this letter, Monte Carlo simulation methods were used to investigate the influence of the defect orientation and concentration on the hysteresis loop in ferroelectric thin films. The hysteresis loops were calculated by an existing Monte Carlo model. For a certain type of defect orientation, the simulations revealed an asymmetric hysteresis loop behavior, similar to hysteresis curves recorded by imprint measurements. Though these results may not directly offer a new explanation for the imprint mechanism in ferroelectric thin films, they still provide insight information about the often observed phenomenon of imprinted hysteresis loops of as-prepared thin-film capacitors.
Dynamics of superconducting qubit relaxation times (2021)

Superconducting qubits are a leading candidate for quantum computing but display temporal fluctuations in their energy relaxation times T1. This introduces instabilities in multi-qubit device performance. Furthermore, autocorrelation in these time fluctuations introduces challenges for obtaining representative measures of T1 for process optimization and device screening. These T1 fluctuations are often attributed to time varying coupling of the qubit to defects, putative two level systems (TLSs). In this work, we develop a technique to probe the spectral and temporal dynamics of T1 in single junction transmons by repeated T1 measurements in the frequency vicinity of the bare qubit transition, via the AC-Stark effect. Across 10 qubits, we observe strong correlations between the mean T1 averaged over approximately nine months and a snapshot of an equally weighted T1 average over the Stark shifted frequency range. These observations are suggestive of an ergodic-like spectral diffusion of TLSs dominating T1, and offer a promising path to more rapid T1 characterization for device screening and process optimization.