gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx&An Analysis of Treatment Results in 149 Consecuti v e Patients (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of primary treatment and treatment of recurrences in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The material included 149 consecutive patients seen at the Aarhus University Hospital from 1963 to 1991 (49 females and 100 males). The stage distribution was: Stage I-9%, II-3%, III-28%, and IV-60%. Primary treatment was delivered with curative intent in 145 patients (97%). Persistent or recurrent disease after primary radical treatment was observed in 82 of the patients; 54% at the T-level, 40% at the N-level, and 33% at the M-level. A curative salvage attempt was carried out in 14 patients only, all with nodal recurrence: surgery in 8 patients (4 controlled) and radiotherapy in 6 patients (2 controlled). The 5-year local tumour control, locoregional tumour control, disease-specific survival rate and the overall survival rate for the patients treated with curative intent were 66%, 53%, 50% and 43%, respectively. Most of the patients (88%) had poorly differentiated tumours and these patients had the best prognosis. A major complication in three patients was radiation-induced myelopathy due to high-dose radiation delivered to the brain stem. Significant positive prognostic factors for treatment outcome in univariate analyses were early T-classification, small clinical stage, poor differentiation and low age. The Cox multivariate analysis showed that early T-categories, low N-categories and poor differentiation were independent, positive prognostic factors. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is curable with primary radiotherapy; patients with poorly differentiated tumours have the best prognosis. Only a few patients were salvaged after recurrence. The factor most essential for success is primary control of the disease at the T- and N-levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazolecarboxamide Human Neuropeptide Y5 Receptor Ligands with in vivo Antifeedant Activity. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diagnostic and treatment options for patients with COPD as part of real clinical practice. Approaches to the treatment of patients with various phenotypes according to GOLD (2019): materials of the Council of Experts of the Siberian Federal District, Chita and Buryatia, dated 03.15.19 (2020)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global problem in modern medicine. In recent years, the medical community’s understanding of COPD has changed significantly, which is primarily due to the emergence of a new classification and the identification of various phenotypes of the disease. These changes could not affect the tactics of COPD treatment. The article discusses not only the debatable issues of treating COPD; it provides an overview of changes in international (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, 2018) and national (2019) recommendations, but also the significance and benefits of triple therapy in terms of evidence-based medicine as well as the benefits of extra-fine drugs in the treatment of bronchial obstructive syndrome.
Figure S6 from Dual Targeting of EGFR and IGF1R in the TNFAIP8 Knockdown Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Increased expression of IGFBP3 mRNA&lt;/p&gt;
Phytosterols from Spondias mombin Linn with Antimycobacterial Activities. (2013)

The growing problems of tuberculosis have led to the search for new anti-Mtb agents from higher plants. The stem bark of <i>Spondias mombin</i> was evaluated for its <i>in vitro</i> activity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (H37Rv strain). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract was carried out by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) on Silica gel (230-400 mesh) and purification was done using HPLC and TLC. <i>In vitro</i> antimycobacterial susceptibility was performed by a fluorometric microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) and percentage mycobacterial inhibition was calculated. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. The active VLC fraction exhibited 91% inhibition against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H37Rv at a concentration of 40 μg/mL. The HPLC fraction SMi-15 containing compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> showed 92.8% inhibition against <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Two new antimycobacterial phytosterols were isolated from the stem bark of <i>S. mombin</i> and the structures were identified as mombintane I (<b>1</b>) and mombintane II (<b>2</b>). The stem bark extractives of <i>S. mombin</i> contain antitubercular principles of the class phytosterol and support an important potential of triterpenoids.
Localization-Based Sensor Validation Using the Kullback–Leibler Divergence (2004)

A sensor validation criteria based on the sensor's object localization accuracy is proposed. Assuming that the true probability distribution of an object or event in space f(x) is known and a spatial likelihood function (SLF) psi(x) for the same object or event in space is obtained from a sensor, then the expected value of the SLF E[psi(x)] is proposed as a suitable validity metric for the sensor, where the expectation is performed over the distribution f(x). It is shown that for the class of increasing linear log likelihood SLFs, the proposed validity metric is equivalent to the Kullback-Leibler distance between f(x) and the unknown sensor-based distribution g(x) where the SLF psi(x) is an observable increasing function of the unobservable g(x). The proposed technique is illustrated through several simulated and experimental examples.
Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition web coating within situmonitoring of film thickness (2013)

Spectral reflectometry was implemented as a method for in situ thickness monitoring in a spatial atomic layer deposition (ALD) system. Al2O3 films were grown on a moving polymer web substrate at 100 °C using an atmospheric pressure ALD web coating system, with film growth of 0.11–0.13 nm/cycle. The modular coating head design and the in situ monitoring allowed for the characterization and optimization of the trimethylaluminum and water precursor exposures, purge flows, and web speed. A thickness uniformity of ±2% was achieved across the web. ALD cycle times as low as 76 ms were demonstrated with a web speed of 1 m/s and a vertical gap height of 0.5 mm. This atmospheric pressure ALD system with in situ process control demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost, high throughput roll-to-roll ALD.
CAPD prescription in current clinical practice. (1993)

A total of 132 patients from 15 dialysis centers were studied. Analyses were made of each drained dialysate exchange over 24 hours to determine total peritoneal urea clearance (KpT, liters/day), and a 24-hour urine was collected to determine total renal urea clearance (KrT, liters/day) and the sum of KpT+KrT or KprT, liters/day. Body water volume (V, L) was estimated from gender and surface area, and daily fractional urea clearance (KprT/V) was calculated. Normalized protein catabolic rate (PCRN, grams/kilogram/day) was also calculated from the urea data. Major results were the following: KrT comprised 25% of KprT; the mean KprT/V was 0.28, but ranged from 0.10-0.50; an equivalent thrice-weekly hemodialysis KT/V was calculated from the KprT/V values and showed mean KT/V = 1.07, but 67% of values were less than 1.0. In contrast, the Health Care Finance Administration (HCFA) consensus criteria indicated 91% of prescriptions were adequate. These data indicate the need for clinical outcome studies with KprT/V randomized over the range 0.20-0.30 to better define the domain of adequate CAPD.
Expression of functional Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human aortic valve interstitial cells: potential roles in aortic valve inflammation and stenosis (2007)

Calcific aortic valve stenosis is the most common indication for surgical valve replacement. Inflammation appears to be one of the mechanisms involved in aortic valve calcification, and valve interstitial cells seem to contribute to that process. Although Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the cellular inflammatory response, it is unknown whether human aortic valve interstitial cells (HAVICs) express functional TLRs. We examined the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in human aortic valve leaflets and in isolated HAVICs and analyzed the response of cultured HAVICs to the TLR2 and TLR4 agonists peptidoglycan (PGN) and LPS. Abundant TLR2 and TLR4 proteins were found in human aortic valve leaflets and in isolated HAVICs, and both receptors were detected in the membrane and cytoplasm of cultured HAVICs. Stimulation by either PGN or LPS resulted in the activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and the production of multiple proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1. In addition, stimulation by either PGN or LPS upregulated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and Runx2, factors associated with osteogenesis. This study demonstrates for the first time that HAVICs express TLR2 and TLR4 and that stimulation of HAVICs by PGN or LPS induces the expression of proinflammatory mediators and the upregulation of osteogenesis-associated factors. These results suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 may play a role in aortic valve inflammation and stenosis.
Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Kathodolumineszenz (Kathodothermolumineszenz) (1957)

Abstract Im Bereich von 100–300 °K werden zahlreiche Phosphore mit verschiedenem Leuchtmechanismus auf die Temperaturabhängigkeit ihrer Kathodolumineszenz untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich ein deutlicher Unterschied dieser während ständiger Kathodenstrahlanregung aufgenommenen Kurven bei der Abkühlung und Wiedererwärmung; im zweiten Falle treten bei bestimmten Temperaturen Maxima, ähnlich den Glowmaxima, auf. Der Effekt, welcher der früher gefundenen Elektrothermolumineszenz bei Anregung durch elektrische Felder analog ist, wird Kathodothermolumineszenz genannt. Die Beziehungen zu den normalen Glowmaxima nach Kathodenstrahlanregung werden untersucht und weitgehende Entsprechungen, aber auch charakteristische Unterschiede festgestellt. So beeinflussen z.B. die Anregungsvorbehandlung und die Heizgeschwindigkeit den Effekt nicht, gleichfalls nicht die Anregspannung und die Anregintensität, wenn Störungen durch Glimmentladungen vermieden werden. Es wird die Elektronenvervielfachung thermisch zusätzlich ins Leitfähigkeitsband beförderter Elektronen als eine Deutungsmöglichkeit diskutiert, als eine zweite die Annahme einer Wechselwirkung bevorzugter Haftstellen mit dem Leitfähigkeitsband und den Aktivatoren bei bestimmten Temperaturen.
Why Anticancer Nanomedicine Needs Sugars? (2015)

Nowadays, nanomedicine brings new opportunities for diagnosis and treatment through innovative combinations of materials structured at the nanoscale, biomolecules and physicochemical processes. If the intrinsic properties of nanomaterials appear of major importance in this new discipline, the functionalization of these nanotools with biomolecules improves both their biocompatibility and efficacy. This is the case of carbohydrate derivatives, natural or synthetic, which are increasingly being used in nanostructures for medical purposes. As in current medicine, sugars are used to mimic their physiological roles. Indeed, carbohydrates enhance the solubility and reduce the clearance of drugs. They are used to mask immunogenic components of nano-objects and escape the body defenses and finally facilitate the delivery to the target tissue. All these properties explain the growing importance of sugars in nanomedicine.
Solvent effects on the energetics of prolyl peptide bond isomerization (1992)

Racemic Ac-Gly-[β,δ-(13)C]Pro-OMe was synthesized, and the kinetics and thermodynamics of the isomerization of its prolyl peptide bond were determined in nine solvents by using NMR and IR spectroscopy. The free energy of activation is 1.3 kcal/mol larger in water than in aprotic solvents, and correlates with the ability of a solvent to donate a hydrogen bond but not with solvent polarity. These results are consistent with conventional pictures of amide resonance, which require transfer of charge between oxygen and nitrogen during isomerization. Similar medium effects may modulate the stability of planar peptide bonds in the active site of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) and during the folding, function, or lysis of proteins.
Integrated Circuit (IC) Decamouflaging: Reverse Engineering Camouflaged ICs within Minutes (2015)

Author(s): Mohamed El Massad, Siddarth Garg, Mahesh V. Tripunitara Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 7 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: Circuit camouflaging is a recently proposed defense mechanism to protect digital integrated circuits (ICs) from reverse engineering attacks by using camouflaged gates, i.e., logic gates whose … Continued
High-flux, high-efficiency transparent-substrateAlGaInP/GaP light-emitting diodes (1998)

Data are presented demonstrating red-orange-yellow spectrum (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P/GaP high-power light-emitting diode (LED) lamps which emit 10–20 lm of flux while simultaneously maintaining luminous efficiencies of ≥ 20 lm/W. The flux emitted by these devices represents an improvement of about five times compared to conventional high-brightness transparent-substrate (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P/GaP LED lamps.
Resilient Chatbots (2019)

Text-based conversational systems, also referred to as chatbots, have grown widely popular. Current natural language understanding technologies are not yet ready to tackle the complexities in conversational interactions. Breakdowns are common, leading to negative user experiences. Guided by communication theories, we explore user preferences for eight repair strategies, including ones that are common in commercially-deployed chatbots (e.g., confirmation, providing options), as well as novel strategies that explain characteristics of the underlying machine learning algorithms. We conducted a scenario-based study to compare repair strategies with Mechanical Turk workers (N=203). We found that providing options and explanations were generally favored, as they manifest initiative from the chatbot and are actionable to recover from breakdowns. Through detailed analysis of participants' responses, we provide a nuanced understanding on the strengths and weaknesses of each repair strategy.
Evolution in agriculture: the application of evolutionary approaches to the management of biotic interactions in agro‐ecosystems (2011)

Anthropogenic impacts increasingly drive ecological and evolutionary processes at many spatio-temporal scales, demanding greater capacity to predict and manage their consequences. This is particularly true for agro-ecosystems, which not only comprise a significant proportion of land use, but which also involve conflicting imperatives to expand or intensify production while simultaneously reducing environmental impacts. These imperatives reinforce the likelihood of further major changes in agriculture over the next 30-40 years. Key transformations include genetic technologies as well as changes in land use. The use of evolutionary principles is not new in agriculture (e.g. crop breeding, domestication of animals, management of selection for pest resistance), but given land-use trends and other transformative processes in production landscapes, ecological and evolutionary research in agro-ecosystems must consider such issues in a broader systems context. Here, we focus on biotic interactions involving pests and pathogens as exemplars of situations where integration of agronomic, ecological and evolutionary perspectives has practical value. Although their presence in agro-ecosystems may be new, many traits involved in these associations evolved in natural settings. We advocate the use of predictive frameworks based on evolutionary models as pre-emptive management tools and identify some specific research opportunities to facilitate this. We conclude with a brief discussion of multidisciplinary approaches in applied evolutionary problems.
A novel approach to AFM characterization of adhesive tooth-biomaterial interfaces (1999)

A novel approach is proposed for studying tooth-biomaterial interactions with high resolution. Thus far, polished interfaces examined by AFM have not disclosed much detail, mainly due to the destruction of soft surface texture and the smearing of polishing debris across the interface that obscures the actual ultra-structure. Therefore the practical utility of diamond-knife microtomy as a sample preparation technique for imaging tooth-biomaterial interfaces by AFM with high resolution was tested in this study and compared to that of ultra-fine mechanical polishing techniques. The AFM images clearly demonstrated the enhanced potential of diamond-knife microtomy for nondestructively producing clean cross-sections through interfaces that allow the interfacial ultra-structure to be imaged by AFM with a resolution equaling that of TEM. This novel approach opens the field to the full range of scanning probe microscopy, including physical and chemical surface characterization of interfaces with a mix of soft and hard substrates.
Diffraction of ballistic electrons by semiconductor gratings: Rigorous analysis, approximate analyses, and device design (1993)

A rigorous coupled-wave analysis is developed to model ballistic electron diffraction by semiconductor gratings with periodic effective mass and for potential energy variations. This analysis includes expressions for diffracted angles, evanescent and propagating orders, the Bragg condition, and diffraction efficiencies. Two approximate diffraction regimes, Bragg and Raman-Nath, are defined in which the rigorous coupled-wave equations (RCWEs) can be solved analytically, and the approximations required, the approximate solutions, and the restrictions placed on the grating parameters for each regime are given. It is shown that both the Bragg regime and the Raman-Nath regime are achievable with physically fabricated semiconductor grating structures. In addition, it is shown that both narrow and broad angular and energy selectivities can be achieved through control of the effective thickness of the grating. These results are used in the design of a two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) switch and a 2-DEG broadcast device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of Syrian hamster embryo cells: Morphological transformation is not cell type specific (1992)

Studies were conducted to investigate the protein phenotype of normal and morphologically transformed Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Based upon two-dimensional gel protein phenotype analysis, we conclude that (i) SHE cells are a mixture of multiple cell types including mesenchymal and epithelial cells and (ii) several cell types present in the SHE cell population can be morphologically transformed by a variety of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens.
Observation of Mg-Rich Precipitates in the p-Type Doping of GaN-Based Laser Diodes (2001)

Uniformly distributed precipitates have been observed by TEM in the p-type layers of laser structures. The precipitate density decreases with decreasing flow of biscyclopentadienyl-magnesium (Cp2Mg), which affects the hole concentrations in the p-type layers. The higher hole concentration, with the reduced precipitate density, reduces the threshold current density and improves the internal quantum efficiency because of the higher number of holes available for radiative recombination. The threshold current density is also reduced 30% from 20.8 V for lasers with a high precipitate density compared to 14.3 V for lasers with a lower precipitate density.
First steps towards building engineering PCK – novice teachers in the context of professional development (2019)

In Denmark engineering is emerging as a way to learn about technology and science. For this reason it is timely to devise relevant in-service training for teachers. The present study addresses the challenges engineering-novice teachers face, as they learn about engineering in workshops and experiment with the method in their own teaching practice. Using an engineering-PCK framework we report and discuss data gathered from a case study of 10 teachers experimenting with engineering and survey data from a larger population. The results shows that the novice teachers in this study were focused on experimenting with their teacher role and that the most important learning issue was for the students to learn the engineering-design-process. There was also a great variation in teachers uptake and performance in engineering. A final general finding is that teachers use degrees freedom to control the educative space they create for their students.
Potential and limits of dynamic mechanical analysis as a tool for fracture resistance evaluation of isotactic polypropylenes and their polyolefin blends (2004)

Abstract Potential and limits of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as a tool for fracture resistance evaluation of isotactic polypropylenes and their polyolefin blends are presented. A minimum of information about the materials under investigation is a prerequisite to interpret the DMA traces in a right way. Although DMA is, in general, a powerful method to rank materials in term of toughness, care should be taken with (1) nucleated materials (where both intensity and strength of molecular relaxations need to be taken into account in material evaluation) and with (2) visbroken (i.e., peroxyde treated) grades. Except for these cases, the strengths of the principal or secondary molecular relaxation evaluated by DMA and the Charpy impact toughness correlate quantitatively when all the grades of a series exhibit unstable crack propagation. When changes in the macroscopic mode of fracture or in blend morphology occur, only qualitative correlations remain possible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1854–1867, 2004
P‐73: Determining Power Consumption for Emissive Displays (2006)

Abstract Power consumption of an emissive display is directly influenced by image content. Therefore, when measuring display power consumption, it is important to select test targets that appropriately represent content that will be displayed within the application for which the display is intended. A model of display power consumption is used to understand the accuracy of various test targets for estimating average display power consumption for a defined application and to propose a technology‐independent, but application‐specific, method for measuring the average power consumption of a display.