gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plk2 Loss Commonly Occurs in Colorectal Carcinomas but not Adenomas: Relationship to mTOR Signaling (2018)

Plk2 is a target of p53. Our previous studies demonstrated that with wild-type p53, Plk2 impacts mTOR signaling in the same manner as TSC1, and Plk2-deficient tumors grew larger than control. Other investigators have demonstrated that Plk2 phosphorylates mutant p53 in a positive feedback loop. We investigated Plk2's tumor suppressor functions in relationship to mTOR signaling. Archival specimens from 12 colorectal adenocarcinomas were stained for markers including Plk2, phosphorylated mTOR (serine 2448) and ribosomal S6 (Serine 235/236). We show that Plk2 is expressed in normal colon, with a punctate staining pattern in supranuclear cytoplasm. In colorectal adenocarcinoma, Plk2 demonstrates complete or partial loss of expression. Strong expression of phosphorylated mTOR is observed in the invasive front. Phosphorylated S6 expression partially correlates with phosphorylated mTOR expression but appears more diffuse in some cases. p53 and Ki67 expression is diffuse, in the subset of cases examined. In order to determine whether Plk2 is lost prior to the development of invasive cancer, 8 colon polyps from 6 patients were evaluated for Plk2 expression. All polyps are positive for Plk2. A Cancer Genome Atlas search identified Plk2 mutations to be infrequent in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Neither Plk2 methylation (in the gene body) nor copy number variations correlated with changes in mRNA expression levels. Loss of Plk2 expression along with accentuated expression of phosphorylated mTOR and phosphorylated S6 at the invasive front in some colorectal carcinomas is consistent with previous findings that an interaction between Plk2 and TSC1 / mTOR signaling molecules plays a role in tumor suppression. Plk2 protein expression is lost at the same stage in colorectal carcinogenesis as p53. The p53 dependence of Plk2 loss and tumor suppressor function in relationship to mTOR signaling may have therapeutic implications.
Liver-Specific GH Receptor Gene-Disrupted (LiGHRKO) Mice Have Decreased Endocrine IGF-I, Increased Local IGF-I, and Altered Body Size, Body Composition, and Adipokine Profiles (2014)

GH is an important regulator of body growth and composition as well as numerous other metabolic processes. In particular, liver plays a key role in the GH/IGF-I axis, because the majority of circulating "endocrine" IGF-I results from GH-stimulated liver IGF-I production. To develop a better understanding of the role of liver in the overall function of GH, we generated a strain of mice with liver-specific GH receptor (GHR) gene knockout (LiGHRKO mice). LiGHRKO mice had a 90% decrease in circulating IGF-I levels, a 300% increase in circulating GH, and significant changes in IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, and IGFBP-7. LiGHRKO mice were smaller than controls, with body length and body weight being significantly decreased in both sexes. Analysis of body composition over time revealed a pattern similar to those found in GH transgenic mice; that is, LiGHRKO mice had a higher percentage of body fat at early ages followed by lower percentage of body fat in adulthood. Local IGF-I mRNA levels were significantly increased in skeletal muscle and select adipose tissue depots. Grip strength was increased in LiGHRKO mice. Finally, circulating levels of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were increased in LiGHRKO mice. In conclusion, LiGHRKO mice are smaller despite increased local mRNA expression of IGF-I in several tissues, suggesting that liver-derived IGF-I is indeed important for normal body growth. Furthermore, our data suggest that novel GH-dependent cross talk between liver and adipose is important for regulation of adipokines in vivo.
High Frequency Electrical Characterization of a Via Hole in a Multi-layered Organic Substrate (1999)

In order to design packages in GHz frequency range, accurate equivalent circuits such as an interstitial via hole in an ALIVH substrate and a through hole in an FR-4 substrate were extracted using a resonant method from 1GHz to 10GHz The ALIVH substrate is a high wiring density multi-layered organic substrate with inner via hole structure. The resonant method uses a principle that the resonant frequency of a resonator is perturbed by the connection of a lumped element. The via hole was described as a single π-type network model, a series inductance and two parallel capacitances. Consequently, we confirmed that signal reflections at the via hole were perfectly suppressed by an optimization of geometrical dimensions of the via hole such as size of a ground plane cutout. Based on the results, the ALIVH substrate was found to be good enough to apply to high speed systems up to 10GHz.
Regioselective Reduction and Ring Cleavage of Polycyclic Barbituric Acid Analogues Derived from Intramolecular Hetero-Diels−Alder Reactions (2001)

The annulated and bridged dihydropyrans 6−8 obtained by a domino-Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels−Alder reaction with N,N′-dimethylbarbituric acid were reduced with excess DIBAL-H at −78 °C to give the corresponding 3-desoxy derivatives, which were then hydrolyzed to the lactones 14−16 with HCl. Compounds 15 and 16 were further reduced to the corresponding lactols. Elimination finally yielded the new functionalized heterocycles 18 and 20.
Burst Stimulation Improves Hemodynamics During Resuscitation After Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation (2009)

Electrical stimulation during regular rhythm following prolonged VF and resuscitation can increase blood pressure and cardiac function to above prestimulation levels.
Surface Light Fields for 3D Photography (2023)

A surface light field is a function that assigns a color to each ray originating on a surface. Surface light fields are well suited to constructing virtual images of shiny objects under complex lighting conditions. This paper presents a framework for construction, compression, interactive rendering, and rudimentary editing of surface light fields of real objects. Generalizations of vector quantization and principal component analysis are used to construct a compressed representation of an object's surface light field from photographs and range scans. A new rendering algorithm achieves interactive rendering of images from the compressed representation, incorporating view-dependent geometric level-of-detail control. The surface light field representation can also be directly edited to yield plausible surface light fields for small changes in surface geometry and reflectance properties.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enabled Sensing: Cramér-Rao Lower Bound optimization (2022)

This paper investigates intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) enabled non-line-of-sight (NLoS) wireless sensing, in which an IRS is deployed to assist an access point (AP) to sense a target in its NLoS region. It is assumed that the AP is equipped with multiple antennas and the IRS is equipped with a uniform linear array. The AP aims to estimate the target’s direction-of-arrival (DoA) with respect to the IRS, based on the echo signals from the AP-IRS-target-IRS-AP link. Under this setup, we jointly design the transmit beamforming at the AP and the reflective beamforming at the IRS to minimize the CramérRao lower bound (CRLB) on estimation error. Towards this end, we first obtain the CRLB expression for estimating the DoA in closed form. Next, we optimize the joint beamforming design to minimize the CRLB, via alternating optimization, semi-definite relaxation, and successive convex approximation. Numerical results show that the proposed design based on CRLB minimization achieves improved sensing performance in terms of mean squared error, as compared to the traditional schemes with signal-to-noise ratio maximization and separate beamforming.
Granular Activated Carbon Treatment May Result in Higher Predicted Genotoxicity in the Presence of Bromide (2016)

Certain unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are more of a health concern than regulated DBPs. Brominated species are typically more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their chlorinated analogs. The impact of granular activated carbon (GAC) on controlling the formation of regulated and selected unregulated DBPs following chlorine disinfection was evaluated. The predicted cyto- and genotoxicity of DBPs was calculated using published potencies based on the comet assay for Chinese hamster ovary cells (assesses the level of DNA strand breaks). Additionally, genotoxicity was measured using the SOS-Chromotest (detects DNA-damaging agents). The class sum concentrations of trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and unregulated DBPs, and the SOS genotoxicity followed the breakthrough of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), however the formation of brominated species did not. The bromide/DOC ratio was higher than the influent through much of the breakthrough curve (GAC does not remove bromide), which resulted in elevated brominated DBP concentrations in the effluent. Based on the potency of the haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes, these nitrogen-containing DBPs were the driving agents of the predicted genotoxicity. GAC treatment of drinking or reclaimed waters with appreciable levels of bromide and dissolved organic nitrogen may not control the formation of unregulated DBPs with higher genotoxicity potencies.
A monolithic RF-MEMS filter with continuously-tunable center-frequency and bandwidth (2011)

A novel RF-MEMS structure to achieve tunable bandwidth is presented in this paper. A movable nickel electrode is employed to realize tunable broad-side coupling. The bottom electrode is fabricated with high resistivity-SiCr to avoid performance degradation. This tunable coupling section is implemented in a planar MEMS tunable filter that consists of λ/2 coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators and nickel RF-MEMS varactors. The center frequency is tuned from 28.55 GHz to 27.22 GHz. The tuning range of the bandwidth is up to 5%. Simultaneous and continuous tuning of both center frequency and bandwidth is experimentally demonstrated.
Zeolites and molecular sieves: not just ordinary catalysts (1991)

The materials properties and applications of zeolites and molecular sieves are reviewed. Emphasis is placed upon the relation between the physicochemical properties and the macroscopic function of zeolites and molecular sieves. Uses in fields other than adsorption and catalysis are outlined, and future areas of interest are discussed.
Relación entre la microbiota intestinal, el pienso y la incidencia de diarreas en el destete (2004)

Urea is an important nitrogen source for many microorganisms, but urea active transporters have not been characterized at a molecular level in any bacterium. Cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 exhibited the capacity to take up [14C]-urea from low-concentration (<1 microM) urea solutions. The Ks of Anabaena cells for urea was about 0.11 microM, and the observed uptake activity involved the transport and metabolism of urea. In contrast to urease, which was constitutively ex-pressed, expression of the high-affinity urea uptake activity was subjected to nitrogen control. In an Anabaena ureG (urease-) mutant, a concentrative, active transport of urea could be demonstrated. We found that a mutant of open reading frame (ORF) sll0374 from the Synechocystis genomic sequence lacked urea transport activity. This ORF encoded a conserved component of an ABC-type transporter, but it is not clustered together with any other possible transporter-encoding gene. An Anabaena homologue of sll0374, urtE, was isolated and found to be part of a cluster of genes, urtABCDE, putatively encoding all the elements of an ABC-type permease. Although the longest transcript that we could detect only covered urtABC, the impairment of urea transport by inactivation of urtA, urtB or urtE suggested that the whole gene cluster is expressed producing the urea permease. Expression was induced under nitrogen-limiting conditions, and a complex promoter regulated by the cyanobacterial global nitrogen control transcription factor NtcA was found upstream from urtA. Our work adds urea to the known substrates of the versatile class of ABC-type transporters and suggests the involvement of a transporter of this superfamily in urea scavenging by some bacteria in natural environments.
Soliton Pulse Long-Range Interaction In Optical Fibers: The Influence of Light Polarization and Fiber Geometry (1992)

Soliton communication lines are promising for high bit rate data transmission on long distances1. Smith and Mollenauer experimentally discovered the effect of soliton pulse long-range interaction2. We have explained the long-range interaction of solitons by electrostrictional excitation of radial acoustic modes of fiber and their subsequent influence on solitons3’4. We have also shown that the excitation of the acoustic waves results in a considerable timing jitter of solitons and can limit the bit rate and distance of data transmission in soliton communication lines5.
Possible Age-Related Progression of Attentional Impairment in ADHD and Its Attenuation by Past Diagnosis and Treatment (2017)

<b>Objective:</b> The aim of the study is to evaluate attentional impairment in different age groups with ADHD. <b>Method:</b> In all, 58 children, 73 adolescents, and 104 adults with ADHD were evaluated using the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). Subjects with comorbidities or psychotropic treatment were not included. <b>Results:</b> Considering Response Time Variability (RTV), adults were 10.6 and 4.0 times more likely to be severely impaired (standard score < 40) than children and adolescents, respectively. Adults were twice as likely as adolescents to be very impaired (standard score< 70) in Omissions. Considering d' (decrement of attentional performance over time), all severely impaired participants were adults. Age predicted impairment in Attention Performance Index (API), RTV, and d', but not Omissions or Commissions. Past treatment with stimulants predicted less impairment in d', past diagnosis predicted less impairment in RTV, and each predicted less impairment in Omissions and API. <b>Conclusion:</b> Adults had more attentional impairment than children and adolescents. Past diagnosis and treatment were associated with less ADHD-related attentional impairment.
Importance of shallow hydrogenic dopants and material purity of ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors for vertical power electron devices (2020)

Abstract Ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors are attracting increasing research interest for power device applications. While promising results have been reported for various materials, it remains unclear which material and technology will succeed. Many figure of merits (FOMs) were derived for power device applications to guide material choices, including the widely used Baliga’s FOM (BFOM) to describe the resistive loss of power devices, and Baliga’s high-frequency FOM (BHFFOM) to further consider the switching loss. However, key underlying assumptions for those widely cited FOMs, including the assumption of shallow hydrogenic dopants, tend to fail for UWBG semiconductors. In this work, we revisit several important FOMs in describing vertical power electronics to properly account for both incomplete ionization and background compensation effects. We suggest that it is necessary to include the dopant ionization term (for example n/N d in an n-drift layer) for both BFOM and BHFFOM to fully capture the potential of the UWBG semiconductors for power device applications. Incomplete dopant ionization in materials like diamond and AlN substantially lowers their FOMs for power switching, leading to high conductive and switching losses. Due to the availability of shallow donors, low background impurity compensation, and bulk substrates, β-Ga 2 O 3 promises the best performance among the investigated materials. The modified FOMs offer a valuable guidance in material choices for power device applications.
Toward the development of a microcrystal element scanner (MiCES): quickPET II (2004)

This work reports on the development and the imaging characteristics of a single ring version of the microcrystal element scanner (MiCES). We refer to this evaluation system as quickPET II The key component of the system is our microcrystal element (MiCE) detectors. Each MiCE detector consists of a 22/spl times/22 array of polished 0.8/spl times/0.8/spl times/10 mm mixed lutetium silicate (MLS) crystals. The crystals are placed within a grid made of a highly reflective polymer film material. The grid optically isolates the crystals and additionally functions as a reflective wrap. The detector unit is directly coupled to a 6+6 cross-anode position sensitive PMT. The PMT signals are fed to a simple resistor network and front-end amplifier card that produces four (X+, X-, Y+, Y-) position and the summed energy signals. QuickPET II is an interim step to the development of the complete MiCES imaging system. It supports whole body static /sup 18/F imaging protocols. QuickPET II consists of 18 MiCE detector modules mounted as a single ring to a vertical gantry. The gantry can rotate /spl plusmn/ 20 degrees. Line source and mouse images have been acquired. Using filtered backprojection (FBP) the resolution for a reconstructed line source has been measured at 1.1 /spl plusmn/0.1 mm FWHM. We have also developed a 2D OSEM reconstruction that includes a model of the system's 2D detector response function. Mouse heart images reconstructed with FBP, OSEM and OSEM with a model for detector blurring (OSEM(DB)) are provided. The final MiCES system will consist of four rings of detectors mounted on a fully rotating gantry; utilize a high bandwidth IEEE 1394a based acquisition system; and support whole body dynamic imaging protocols.
Segregated liquid crystalline dendritic supermolecules — multipedes based on pentaerythritol scaffolds (2003)

A group of chiral nematic multipedal materials based on pentaerythritol containing two types of mesogenic sub-units were synthesised. The presence of different types of mesogens, the topology of the attachment to the core (end-on and side-on) and the chemical nature of the linking connection to the PE scaffold (ether, ester and tetramethyldisiloxane moieties) were used to tailor the mesomorphic properties. The related uniform tetramers have also been studied. The materials were characterised by a variety of techniques including 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR spectroscopy, SEC, MALDI-TOF MS, DSC and POM. The crystalline state was found to be suppressed for most of the materials once they had experienced a first isotropisation process; all exhibited glass transitions near room temperature and accompanying wide temperature range mesophases. The parent supramolecular system carrying just terminally appended mesogens exhibited the smectic A phase, whereas the alternative parent material carrying only laterally attached chiral mesogens exhibited the chiral nematic phase.
Photo-Cross-Linked Poly(dl-lactide)-Based Networks. Structural Characterization by HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy and Hydrolytic Degradation Behavior (2010)

To date, biodegradable networks and particularly their kinetic chain lengths have been characterized by analysis of their degradation products in solution. We characterize the network itself by NMR analysis in the solvent-swollen state under magic angle spinning conditions. The networks were prepared by photoinitiated cross-linking of poly(dl-lactide)−dimethacrylate macromers (5 kg/mol) in the presence of an unreactive diluent. Using diffusion filtering and 2D correlation spectroscopy techniques, all network components are identified. By quantification of network-bound photoinitiator fragments, an average kinetic chain length of 9 ± 2 methacrylate units is determined. The PDLLA macromer solution was also used with a dye to prepare computer-designed structures by stereolithography. For these networks structures, the average kinetic chain length is 24 ± 4 methacrylate units. In all cases the calculated molecular weights of the polymethacrylate chains after degradation are maximally 8.8 kg/mol, which is far below the threshold for renal clearance. Upon incubation in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C, the networks show a similar mass loss profile in time as linear high-molecular-weight PDLLA (HMW PDLLA). The mechanical properties are preserved longer for the PDLLA networks than for HMW PDLLA. The initial tensile strength of 47 ± 2 MPa does not decrease significantly for the first 15 weeks, while HMW PDLLA lost 85 ± 5% of its strength within 5 weeks. The physical properties, kinetic chain length, and degradation profile of these photo-cross-linked PDLLA networks make them most suited materials for orthopedic applications and use in (bone) tissue engineering.
Very low temperature fabrication of poly-Si TFTs using infra-low pressure chemical vapour deposited (ILPCVD) poly-crystalline Si films (2002)

As-deposited polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films prepared by infra-low pressure chemical vapor deposition (ILPCVD) at surprisingly low temperatures, such as 555 degrees C or 570 degrees C, have been found to enable the fabrication of excellent poly-Si TFTs (thin-film transistors) having ON/OFF current ratios of nearly 10/sup 8/. While aiming at the improvement of low-temperature-processed poly-Si TFTs, the ILPCVD has been used to reduce the partial pressure of SiH/sub 4/ by increasing the pumping speed. This work reveals the great potential of ILPCVD for fabricating high-quality as-deposited poly-Si TFTs at a maximum processing temperature as low as 555 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Osseointegration of Osseotite® and machined titanium implants in autogenous bone graft. A histologic and histomorphometric study in dogs (2004)

It has been shown that a roughened implant surface results in a higher percentage of bone to implant contact (%BIC) than a machined one. A modified implant surface using a dual thermo-acid etching process (Osseotite) has been introduced and evaluated clinically, mechanically and histologically. The aim of the present study was the histological evaluation of the %BIC between the Osseotite or machined surfaces and the autogenous bone graft. Twenty-two custom-made split-type 10-mm-long implants having two opposing surfaces (Osseotite and machined) were placed between the cranial and caudal dorsal iliac spine at the iliac wing of two adult mongrel dogs. An artificial bone defect was created leaving a 2 mm empty space around the coronal 5 mm of the implants, while the apical 5 mm was stabilized in the existing basal bone. The defects around the implants were filled with particulate autogenous bone graft, covered by an Osseoquest membrane, and left to heal for 5 months. All inserted implants showed a complete integration in the bone tissue. It was found that the resulting %BIC at the Osseotite surface was significantly higher than at the machined one in both regenerated (46.44+/-15.81% vs. 28.59+/-12.04%) and basal bone areas (32.32+/-15.09% vs. 17.25+/-7.40%). The findings of this study imply that the use of autogenous bone graft resulted in significantly higher %BIC values in the regenerated area than in the basal bone area itself, for both implant surfaces.