gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in the incidence and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus, 1950-1992 (1999)

Objective To describe trends in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence and mortality over the past 4 decades. Methods Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project resources, medical records were screened to identify all Rochester, Minnesota residents with any SLE-associated diagnoses, discoid lupus, positivity for antinuclear antibodies, and/or false-positive syphilis test results determined between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1992. Medical records were then reviewed using a pretested data collection form in order to identify cases of SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology 1982 revised criteria for SLE. Drug-induced cases were excluded. All identified SLE patients were followed up until death, migration from the county, or October 1, 1997. These data were combined with similar data from the same community obtained between 1950 and 1979, and trends in the SLE incidence and mortality over time were calculated. Results Of the 430 medical records reviewed, 48 newly diagnosed cases of SLE (42 women and 6 men) were identified between 1980 and 1992. The average incidence rate (age- and sex-adjusted to the 1970 US white population) was 5.56 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.93–7.19), compared with an incidence of 1.51 (95% CI 0.85–2.17) in the 1950–1979 cohort. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rate as of January 1, 1993 was ∼1.22 per 1,000 (95% CI 0.97–1.47). Survival among SLE patients was significantly worse than in the general population (P = 0.017 compared with the 1980–1992 cohort, and P < 0.0001 compared with the 1950–1979 cohort, by log-rank test). Cox proportional hazards modeling demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the survival rate over time (P = 0.035). Conclusion Over the past 4 decades, the incidence of SLE has nearly tripled, and there has been a statistically significant improvement in survival. These findings are likely due to a combination of improved recognition of mild disease and better approaches to therapy.
Benefit of farnesoid X receptor inhibition in obstructive cholestasis (2006)

The nuclear hormone receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor have been implicated in regulating bile acid, lipid, carbohydrate, and xenobiotic metabolism. Bile duct ligation was used to increase endogenous bile acids and evaluate the roles of these receptors in modulating cholestatic liver injury. FXR knockout (KO) mice were found to be protected from obstructive cholestasis. Concurrent deletion of FXR also could ameliorate an increase in liver injury that is seen usually in pregnane X receptor KO mice with cholestasis. Mechanisms proposed for this protection include the lowering of bile acid concentrations and altered expression of the hepatic transporters Mdr1, Mdr2, BSEP, and Mrp4. FXR KO mice also exhibit a biphasic lipid profile after bile duct ligation, with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides by day 6. The expression of apolipoprotein AV was reduced in these mice, implicating FXR in triglyceride regulation. We show that FXR modulates cholestasis by controlling bile acids within the hepatocyte and is involved in bile acid synthesis, bile excretion via BSEP, and serum export via Mrp4. This study strongly suggests a potential clinical role for FXR antagonists in the treatment of obstructive cholestatic liver disorders.
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING CEMENT WITH INCREASED QUANTITIES OF MIXED MINOR ADDITIONAL CONSTITUENTS (2019)

普通ポルトランドセメントにおける少量混合成分の混合率増加は、セメント産業の低炭素化に対する方策の一つである。一方、混合成分の増加によりコンクリートの品質低下が懸念されるため、普通ポルトランドセメントに比べてC3S量を1.5％、ブレーン比表面積を200cm2/g増加させた基材セメントを用意し、少量混合成分として石灰石微粉末、高炉スラグ微粉末、フライアッシュをそれぞれ10mass％まで増加させて調製したセメントを用いてコンクリートの基礎物性を評価した。その結果、基材となるセメントの組成最適化を図ることによって、コンクリートのスランプ、空気量、圧縮強度を5mass％の場合と同程度に調整できることが確認された。
Transonics (2005)

We briefly describe a two-way speech-to-speech English-Farsi translation system prototype developed for use in doctor-patient interactions. The overarching philosophy of the developers has been to create a system that enables effective communication, rather than focusing on maximizing component-level performance. The discussion focuses on the general approach and evaluation of the system by an independent government evaluation team.
Revisiting Actions and Redefining Rights: Pleads for Termination of Conservatorship and Guardianship (2010-2015) (2018)

Introdução: Os processos de interdição-inabilitação colidem necessariamente com a liberdade individual, condicionando restrição nos direitos fundamentais. Inexistindo qualquer intenção de pena ou castigo, visam antes a protecção do maior Incapaz, procurando-se a máxima preservação da capacidade e uma proporcionalidade entre as medidas e o grau de incapacidade. Nas perícias psiquiátricas das acções especiais de interdição-inabilitação, cujo número tem crescido nos últimos anos, a responsabilidade que recai no perito aumentou desde 2013, uma vez que o Juiz só intervém directamente (interrogatório judicial) quando a acção é contestada, o que não é frequente. Objectivos: Revisitar os conceitos de interdição/inabilitação e os mecanismos para os modificar ou suspender. Conhecer a realidade nacional respeitante aos pedidos de alteração da sentença de interdição/inabilitação efectuados nos últimos 6 anos, identificando as motivações pessoais dos requerentes para tais pedidos e extraindo as razões clínicas e técnicas que fundamentaram a modificação das restrições. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo. Consultou-se a estatística oficial e obteve-se a colaboração do Conselho Superior de Magistratura (CSM), permitindo identificação e consulta dos processos de interdição ou inabilitação que foram alvo de pedidos de levantamento. Resultados e Conclusões: A estatística oficial do período em análise assinalava a existência de 43 pedidos de levantamento entretanto concluídos. Contudo, das 23 Comarcas nacionais contactadas pelo CSM – entidade que previamente oficiámos e à qual pedimos colaboração no sentido do envio da autorização aos Senhores Juízes Presidentes das várias comarcas – responderam no sentido colaborativo 5, envolvendo 8 processos de levantamento, dos quais apenas 6 se encontravam findos, sendo analisados presencialmente. Das acções especiais originais resultaram 4 sentenças de interdição e 2 de inabilitação. Após os processos de levantamento, apenas 1 caso manteve interdição, com os restantes a ficarem inabilitados (3) ou livres de restrição (2). Do ponto de vista da metodologia técnica, verificou-se que a entrevista de familiar/pessoa significativa não foi referida ou efectuada em 7 das 12 perícias, que em 4 dos 12 relatórios não constava qualquer referência a documentos clínicos anexos ao processo e que em 5 ocasiões não foram pedidos exames auxiliares. A capacidade deve ser encarada como uma variável potencialmente dinâmica. Da análise das avaliações periciais destaca-se a escassez de informação colateral (sobre a gravidade, irreversibilidade ou efectivo grau de incapacidade), o papel das relações familiares disfuncionais (que, alteradas, resultaram em melhoria substancial da capacidade) e dos efeitos benéficos do apoio especializado (com impacto positivo no funcionamento e capacidade).
A new macromolecular paramagnetic MR contrast agent binds to activated human platelets (2007)

A new functionalized macromolecular magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent has been developed from a carboxymethyldextran-Gd(DOTA) devoid of biospecificity. The functionalized contrast agent was synthesized in order to mimic PSGL-1, the main ligand of P-selectin, a glycoprotein mainly expressed on the surface of activated platelets. The starting compound, CM1, was first carboxymethylated by monochloroacetic acid leading to a series of 10 derivatives varying in their carboxymethyl content. CM8 derivative, with a degree of substitution in carboxymethyl of 0.84, was chosen for subsequent fluorolabeling and sulfation to give CM8FS. CM8FS has an average number molecular weight of 27 000 +/- 500 g/mol, a hydrodynamic radius of 5.7 +/- 0.2 nm and a high relaxivity (r(1) = 11.2/mM (Gd)/s at 60 MHz). Flow cytometry experiments on whole human blood or on isolated platelets evidenced in vitro a preferential binding of CM8FS on TRAP-activated human platelets. Interestingly, CM8FS did not bind to other blood cells or to resting platelets. Pellets of TRAP-activated human platelets have also been imaged in tubes with a 1.5 T MR imager. A MR signal was observed for activated platelets incubated with CM8FS. Altogether, these in vitro results evidenced the recognition of activated human platelets by a fluorescent paramagnetic contrast agent grafted with carboxyl and sulfate groups. This biomimetic approach associated with the versatile macromolecular platform appears promising for the development of new contrast agents for molecular imaging of activated platelets in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms.
QUANTITATION OF PROENZYME Clr‐Cls COMPLEXES IN ERUM BY ELECTROIMMUNOASSAY (1981)

The electroimmunoassay for Clr‐Cls complexes was performed in two electrophoretic steps, the first in the presence of Ca2+ without antibody, and the second in the presence of EDTA with anti‐Clr in the gel. The results were reproducible and in agreement with semiquantitative estimates of Clr‐ClS complexes in normal and pathological sera on crossed immunoelectrophoresis.
ADH4‐lacZ Transgenic Mouse Reveals Alcohol Dehydrogenase Localization in Embryonic Midbrain/ Hindbrain, Otic Vesicles, and Mesencephalic, Trigeminal, Facial, and Olfactory Neural Crest (1998)

Pursuit of endogenous functions for various members of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme family has led to exploration of gene expression patterns. Herein, we have used transgenic mice to examine the mouse gene encoding class IV ADH (ADH4), an enzyme that is weakly effective as an ethanol dehydrogenase, but highly effective as a retinol dehydrogenase in vitro. ADH4 promoter and upstream regulatory sequences were fused to lacZ and stably introduced into mice so that embryonic expression of ADH4 could be easily monitored by examination of beta-galactosidase activity in situ. Several independent founder mice carrying ADH4-lacZ transgenes with either 2.7 or 9.0 kb of upstream regulatory sequences produced embryos in which expression was highly localized in the brain and craniofacial region at stages E8.5 to 9.5 during neurulation. Expression in the brain was limited to the ventral midbrain and its boundary with the hindbrain. At stage E8.5, ADH4-lacZ expression was noticed in several dispersed regions throughout the head, and by stage E9.5 it was evident that these regions corresponded to the otic vesicles and migrating neural crest cells, particularly the mesencephalic, trigeminal, facial, and olfactory neural crest. ADH4-lacZ expression in the trigeminal neural crest appeared as long fibers emanating from the midbrain/hindbrain boundary and extending to the first branchial arch following the tract of the trigeminal nerve. These findings support the hypothesis that ADH4 may normally function in retinoic acid synthesis needed for brain and neural crest development and that it participates in the mechanism of ethanol-induced brain and craniofacial birth defects.
An Improved Distributed Equivalent Circuit Modeling for RF Components by Real-Coefficient AFS Technique (2011)

In this paper, a real-coefficient approach to Adaptive Frequency Sampling (AFS) technique is developed for efficient equivalent circuit modeling of RF components. This proposed method is advantageous than the vector fitting technique and the conventional AFS method in terms of fewer samples leading to a lower order of a rational function on a given data and to a direct conversion to an equivalent circuit for PSPICE(Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphsis) simulation, respectively. To validate the proposed method, the distributed equivalent circuit of a presented multi-layered RF low-pass filter is obtained using the proposed real-coefficient AFS, and then comparisons with EM simulation and circuit simulation for the device under consideration are achieved.
Structural Analysis of Peptide Substrates for Mucin-Type O-Glycosylation (1998)

The structures of three nine-residue peptide substrates that show differential kinetics of O-linked glycosylation catalyzed by distinct recombinant uridine diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc transferases) were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. A combined use of NMR data, molecular modeling techniques, and kinetic data may explain some structural features required for O-glycosylation of these substrates by two GalNAc transferases, GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T3. In the proposed model, the formation of an extended backbone structure at the threonine residue to be glycosylated is likely to enhance the O-glycosylation process. The segment of extended structure includes the reactive residue in a beta-like or an inverse gamma-turn conformation and flanking residues in a beta-strand conformation. The hydroxyl group of the threonine to be glycosylated is exposed to solvent, and both the amide proton and carbonyl oxygen of the peptide backbone are exposed to solvent. The exchange rate of the amide proton for the reactive threonine correlated well with substrate efficiency, leading us to hypothesize that this proton may serve as a donor for hydrogen bonding with the active site of the enzyme. The oxygens of the residue to be glycosylated and several flanking residues may also be involved in a set of hydrogen bonds with the GalNAc-T1 and -T3 transferases.
A Study of Nanomaterial Dispersion in Solution by Wet-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy (2008)

Preparation of nanomaterial dispersion or nanofluids requires good characterization techniques, including particle size and morphological measurements. A reliable and straight-forward process to characterize and quantify the degree of dispersion and agglomeration is needed. A wet-cell transmission electron microscope (TEM) technique has been developed to make comparisons between sonicated and hand-shaken solutions of both aluminum oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In each case, the wet-cell TEM technique reveals images of nanoparticles well dispersed in aqueous solutions due in part to the use of ultrasonic power instead of simply manual shaking and stirring. The technique is currently qualitative and shows great potential for a host of nanotechnology applications.
What Do You Want to Know? Investigating the Information Requirements of Patient Supporters (2008)

There is a vast amount of data associated with any one patient. It is challenging for medical staff to understand all this data. It is even harder for a lay person, who may not even know what medical terms mean. The research project BabyTalk-Clan aims to create personalized summaries of data for a lay audience. It uses sensitive, highly-detailed clinical data relating to a patient. This includes medication given, test results, notes made by medical staff, and continuous physiological signals such as heart rate. We took a qualitative approach to knowledge acquisition for user requirements. Using interviews and a focus group within a Grounded Theory methodology, we discovered that most lay users want only a very high-level summary of the baby's state. What lay users do want is information about how the parents are coping, and what support they need. Findings were cross-validated through a questionnaire.
A lipoamide dehydrogenase from Neisseria meningitidis has a lipoyl domain (1995)

A protein of molecular weight of 64 kDa (p64k) found in the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis shows a high degree of homology with both the lipoyl domain of the acetyltransferase and the entire sequence of the lipoamide dehydrogenase, the E2 and E3 components of the dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes, respectively. The alignment of the p64k with lipoyl domains and lipoamide dehydrogenases from different species is presented. The possible implications of this protein in binding protein-dependent transport are discussed. This is the first lipoamide dehydrogenase reported to have a lipoyl domain.
The Impact of Intravenous Ketorolac (Toradol®) on the Early Recurrence of Crohnʼs Disease (2006)

Purpose: Ketorolac (Toradol®) has been shown to be opioid-sparing in postoperative colorectal patients and can shorten hospital stay. An anecdotal association between the use of nonsteroidals and early recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported. We reviewed patients operated on for CD to determine if early recurrence was associated with the perioperative administration of the nonsteroidal ketorolac. Methods: A prospectively maintained database of CD patients who underwent surgical resection was retrospectively reviewed between 1994–2002. Patients with prior abdominal surgery were excluded. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for recurrence, defined as endoscopically confirmed CD reported at 30 and 90 days and 1 year. Total ketorolac usage was analyzed (1 dose = 15mg/ml). Recurrence rates were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier. The impact of ketorolac on recurrence evaluated with log-rank tests. Results: A total of 139 patients underwent resection of small bowel or ileocolonic CD. There were 82 (59%) women, 57 men. Median follow-up was 21 months (1d-9.5 yrs). Eighty-six patients (62%) received ketorolac, 84 (98%) postoperatively, 2 preoperatively. Of those receiving ketorolac postoperatively, 5 (6%) received it in the recovery room, 64 (74.4%) on the ward and 15 (17.4%) in the recovery room and ward. Recurrence of was noted in 39 patients (28%). Overall rates of recurrence at 30 and 90 days, and 1 year were 0%, 0%, and 17%, respectively. The rate of recurrence in patients receiving ketorolac (0%, 0%, and 18% at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 yr) was not different from those who did not receive ketorolac (0%, 0%, and 16% at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 yr), p= 0.61. Timing of ketorolac was not associated with recurrence: admission (p= 0.24), recovery (p= 0.60), and ward (p= 0.78). The number of doses of ketorolac was not associated with recurrence (1–10 doses of ketorolac, 19% at 1 yr; >10 doses of ketorolac, 17% at 1 yr); p= 0.89. Conclusions: Perioperative ketorolac was not associated with early recurrence of CD. Without strong evidence to suggest that perioperative ketorolac contributes to early recurrence, we should not routinely withhold this opioid-sparing analgesic from postoperative patients.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Novel Potent and Selective Inhibitors of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase Reveal the Heterogeneity of RSK Function in MAPK-Driven Cancers (2023)

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Towards Federated Learning-Enabled Visible Light Communication in 6G Systems (2021)

Visible light communication (VLC) technology was introduced as a key enabler for the next generation of wireless networks, mainly thanks to its simple and low-cost implementation. However, several challenges prohibit the realization of the full potentials of VLC, namely, limited modulation bandwidth, ambient light interference, optical diffuse reflection effects, devices non-linearity, and random receiver orientation. On the contrary, centralized machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated a significant potential in handling different challenges relating to wireless communication systems. Specifically, it was shown that ML algorithms exhibit superior capabilities in handling complicated network tasks, such as channel equalization, estimation and modeling, resources allocation, and opportunistic spectrum access control, to name a few. Nevertheless, concerns pertaining to privacy and communication overhead when sharing raw data of the involved clients with a server constitute major bottlenecks in the implementation of centralized ML techniques. This has motivated the emergence of a new distributed ML paradigm, namely federated learning (FL), which can reduce the cost associated with transferring raw data, and preserve privacy by training ML models locally and collaboratively at the clients' side. Hence, it becomes evident that integrating FL into VLC networks can provide ubiquitous and reliable implementation of VLC systems. With this motivation, this is the first in-depth review in the literature on the application of FL in VLC networks. To that end, besides the different architectures and related characteristics of FL, we provide a thorough overview on the main design aspects of FL based VLC systems. Finally, we also highlight some potential future research directions of FL that are envisioned to substantially enhance the performance and robustness of VLC systems.
A Nonvolatile Associative Memory-Based Context-Driven Search Engine Using 90 nm CMOS/MTJ-Hybrid Logic-in-Memory Architecture (2014)

This paper presents algorithm, architecture, and fabrication results of a nonvolatile context-driven search engine that reduces energy consumption as well as computational delay compared to classical hardware and software-based approaches. The proposed architecture stores only associations between items from multiple search fields in the form of binary links, and merges repeated field items to reduce the memory requirements and accesses. The fabricated chip achieves <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$13.6\times$</tex> </formula> memory reduction and 89% energy saving compared to a classical field-based approach in hardware, based on content-addressable memory (CAM). Furthermore, it achieves <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$8.6\times$</tex> </formula> reduced number of clock cycles in performing search operations compared to the CAM, and five orders of magnitude reduced number of clock cycles compared to a fabricated and measured ultra low-power CPU-based counterpart running a classical search algorithm in software. The energy consumption of the proposed architecture is on average three orders of magnitude smaller than that of a software-based approach. A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based logic-in-memory architecture is presented that allows simple routing and eliminates leakage current in standby using 90 nm CMOS/MTJ-hybrid technologies.
Reflections of the Editor-in-Chief (1999)

After having served for two terms of five years as Editor-in-Chief of Cancer Research , I would like to make a few comments and to thank the Associate Editors, the AACR Staff, and the reviewers who have made Cancer Research what it is today: the most cited, the broadest, and the most selective
Determination of Benzene and Toluene In Exhaled Cigarette Smoke (2008)

Abstract This study describes the results regarding the evaluation of retention efficiency by humans of benzene and toluene from cigarette smoke. The evaluated cigarette was a common commercial cigarette with 10.6 mg ‘tar’ [U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ‘tar’ is defined as the weight of total particulate matter minus nicotine and water]. The test was performed on ten subjects. The exhaled smoke was collected using a vacuum assisted technique that avoids strain in exhaling the smoke. The study showed that benzene was retained at levels of 89% to 98%, and toluene was retained at similar levels, between 87% and 99%. The lower limits of retention for both benzene and toluene are unexpectedly low compared to the retention of bi-and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which have retentions from cigarette smoke above 95%. This is probably caused by the fact that monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are present practically only in the vapor phase of cigarette smoke and at considerably higher levels than bi- and tri-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are present almost completely in the particulate phase of cigarette smoke.