gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the Ugi Reaction for the One-Pot Synthesis of Uracil Polyoxin C Analogues (2009)

A simple, two-step synthesis of amide derivatives of uracil polyoxin C (UPOC) methyl ester using the Ugi reaction is described. The four components employed in the Ugi reaction are 2',3'-isopropylidine-protected uridine-5'-aldehyde, 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine, an isoxazolecarboxylic acid, and the convertible isonitrile N-(2-{[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl}phenyl)carbonitrile. Following the Ugi reaction, treatment with HCl in MeOH achieves deprotection of the isopropylidene group and the N-benzyl group and conversion of the isonitrile-derived amide (the Ugi product) into the corresponding methyl ester. The procedure is amenable to automated multiparallel synthesis of novel compounds related to the polyoxin and nikkomycin nucleoside-peptide antibiotics.
Oral Poster 58: Prospective Randomized Trial of Calcium Hydroxylapatite vs. Bovine Collagen for Treatment of Type III Incontinence (2004)

Oral Poster Presentations: AUGS-SGS Abstracts: 2004 Joint Scientific Meeting The American Urogynecologic Society and The Society of Gynecologic Surgeons
Automatic Grammatical Error Detection of Non-native Spoken Learner English (2019)

Automatic language assessment and learning systems are required to support the global growth in English language learning. They need to be able to provide reliable and meaningful feedback to help learners develop their skills. This paper considers the question of detecting "grammatical" errors in non-native spoken English as a first step to providing feedback on a learner's use of the language. A state-of-the-art deep learning based grammatical error detection (GED) system designed for written texts is investigated on free speaking tasks across the full range of proficiency grades with a mix of first languages (L1s). This presents a number of challenges. Free speech contains disfluencies that disrupt the spoken language flow but are not grammatical errors. The lower the level of the learner the more these both will occur which makes the underlying task of automatic transcription harder. The baseline written GED system is seen to perform less well on manually transcribed spoken language. When the GED model is fine-tuned to free speech data from the target domain the spoken system is able to match the written performance. Given the current state-of-the-art in ASR, however, and the ability to detect disfluencies grammatical error feedback from automated transcriptions remains a challenge.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Practical Synthesis of Tertiary S‐Alkyl Dithiocarbonates and Related Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photonic remoting of AN/SPQ-9B ADM ultra high dynamic range radar (2002)

We report initial demonstrations of photonic technology meeting the stringent phase noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirements for remoting radars. In particular, fiber optic links were used to remote the antenna and transmitter of the Navy AN/SPQ-9B ADM radar. The remoting links tested successfully in a transmit configuration without significantly degrading the 87 dB SNR of the radar. These results show the potential of photonic technology to remote other radars such as active arrays.
Mechanism of flow separation control using plasma actuation (2012)

The mechanism of flow separation control was investigated experimentally and computationally using pulse-modulated dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuation on a stalled flat plate airfoil at a Reynolds number of 3000. Load measurements were complimented with two-dimensional phase-averaged particle image velocimetry performed in the flowfield above the airfoil. A parametric study was carried out where the pulse-modulation frequency, duty cycle, and peak plasma body-force were varied. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, with no turbulence modeling, were solved directly using a commercial flow solver and a simple but satisfactory heuristic DBD plasma body-force model was incorporated. The overall experimental trends were well predicted by the computations, where the frequencies that produced the largest increases in lift coefficient excited bluff-body shedding at a frequency corresponding approximately to its unforced sub-harmonic. At non-dimensional frequencies most effective for increasing lift (∼0.2 to 0.5), the leading-edge shear layer was severed by the perturbations and then merged with a downstream vortex. In a time-mean sense this mechanism forced relatively high momentum fluid towards the surface with typically two re-circulating structures present on the airfoil. Although the essential flow control mechanism was captured by the computation, the idealized 2D approach was identified as a weakness due to the shedding instability not being present in the baseline experiments and the inability to account for three-dimensional structures in the shear layer.
Development of a multiple-count optical-fiber unit for an air-blown fiber system (1991)

The air-blown fiber (ABF) system that was introduced by British Telecom Research Laboratories in 19831 has become well known for the advantages of its installation process, which involves blowing an optical-fiber unit into an empty tube with compressed air. However, in return for its merits, this system has been believed to have the disadvantages of low optical-fiber density for a given cable diameter.
High-speed GaN growth and compositional control of GaN-AlGaN superlattice quasi-ternary compounds by RF-radical source molecular beam epitaxy (1998)

Novel growth technologies of III-nitrides for fabricating optical devices by molecular beam epitaxy using RF-plasma excited nitrogen (RF-MBE) were investigated. A relatively high-growth rate, up to 1.4 /spl mu/m/h of GaN with high-electrical and high-optical quality was obtained. The concept of AlGaN quasi-ternary (QT) compounds, consisting of GaN-AlGaN short period superlattice, was demonstrated and the Al composition was controlled with a shutter control method in the range of 0-0.47. Using the QT technology, a GaN-Al/sub 0.07/Ga/sub 0.93/3N-Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N multiquantum-well heterostructure was fabricated to show the effectiveness of the method.
Hiding in Plain Sight: Colonic Spirochetosis in Humans (2019)

In 1967, Harland and Lee made a startling discovery: in some humans, the colonic epithelium is covered with a "forest" of spirochetes (W. A. Harlan, and F. D. Lee, Br Med J 3:718-719, 1967, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.3.5567.718). In this issue of <i>Journal of Bacteriology</i>, Thorell et al. present a systematic analysis of the prevalence and diversity of the spirochetes <i>Brachyspira aalborgi</i> and <i>Brachyspira pilosicoli</i> in the human colon. These and prior studies provide avenues toward resolving important questions: what bacterial and host parameters contribute to this extensive colonization, and what impact does it have on human health?
Characterization of a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitor, A-790742 (2008)

A-790742 is a potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor, with 50% effective concentrations ranging from 2 to 7 nM against wild-type HIV-1. The activity of this compound is lowered by approximately sevenfold in the presence of 50% human serum. A-790742 maintained potent antiviral activity against lopinavir-resistant variants generated in vitro as well as against a panel of molecular clones containing proteases derived from HIV-1 patient isolates with multiple protease mutations. During in vitro selection, A-790742 selected two primary mutations (V82L and I84V) along with L23I, L33F, K45I, A71V/A, and V77I in the pNL4-3 background and two other mutations (A71V and V82G) accompanied by M46I and L63P in the HIV-1 RF background. HIV-1 pNL4-3 clones with a single V82L or I84V mutation were phenotypically resistant to A-790742 and ritonavir. Taking these results together, A-790742 displays a favorable anti-HIV-1 profile against both the wild type and a large number of mutants resistant to other protease inhibitors. The selection of the uncommon V82L and V82G mutations in protease by A-790742 suggests the potential for an advantageous resistance profile with this protease inhibitor.
High Frequency Optoelectronic Oscillator Operation via Photonic Filtering with an Ultra-High Finesse Fabry-Perot Etalon (2013)

A Fabry-Perot etalon with 1.498 GHz free spectral range and 100,000 finesse is used for photonic filtering in an optoelectronic oscillator. Oscillations at multiples of its FSR are produced at 10.49 GHz and 50.9 GHz.
Testing of Semichronically Implanted Retinal Prosthesis by Suprachoroidal-Transretinal Stimulation in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa (2011)

Semichronic implantation of a microelectrode-STS system showed that it was safe and remained functional for at least 4 weeks in two patients with advanced RP. (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr number, R000002690.).
Software-Hardware Complex for Design, Full-Scale and Model Testing the Broadband Systems in Radio Communications, Radars and Navigation of High-Speed Objects (2021)

The development and the main technical characteristics of a software-hardware complex (SHC) intended for the design and field-model testing of broadband radio electronic systems (RES) for radio communication, radar, and navigation of high-speed objects are presented. The software-hardware complex provides generation and processing of signals with a carrier frequency of up to 6 GHz and a bandwidth of up to 200 MHz, a refresh rate of the channel impulse response up to 60 kHz, and a maximum rays delay in channel models up to 10 μs. The complex allows one to study radio communication systems with objects that move with a relative speed difference of up to 5 M. The software part of the complex includes models of the signal formation and processing in the receiving and transmitting equipment of the radio electronic device, as well as models of radio channels for target scenarios of using the developed RES. The hardware part of the SHC is a set of digital, digital-to-analog, and analog-to-digital modules that allow full-scale and model testing of RES and their blocks in real time. Examples of studying the characteristics of a modern broadband aviation radio communication system with high-speed objects under conditions of signal multipath propagation are given. The application of the SHC may decrease the time of full-scale and model testing of RES by approximately 65 times compared to direct computer simulation.
Tuning Cobalt(III) Schiff Base Complexes as Activated Protein Inhibitors (2015)

Cobalt(III) Schiff base complexes ([Co(acacen)(L)2](+), where L = NH3) inhibit histidine-containing proteins through dissociative exchange of the labile axial ligands (L). This work investigates axial ligand exchange dynamics of [Co(acacen)(L)2](+) complexes toward the development of protein inhibitors that are activated by external triggers such as light irradiation. We sought to investigate ligand exchange dynamics to design a Co(III) complex that is substitutionally inert under normal physiological conditions for selective activation. Fluorescent imidazoles (C3Im) were prepared as axial ligands in [Co(acacen)(L)2](+) to produce complexes (CoC3Im) that could report on ligand exchange and, thus, complex stability. These fluorescent imidazole reporters guided the design of a new dinuclear Co(III) Schiff base complex containing bridging diimidazole ligands, which exhibits enhanced stability to ligand exchange with competing imidazoles and to hydrolysis within a biologically relevant pH range. These studies inform the design of biocompatible Co(III) Schiff base complexes that can be selectively activated for protein inhibition with spatial and temporal specificity.
Investigating topic models for social media user recommendation (2011)

This paper presents a user recommendation system that recommends to a user new friends having similar interests. We automatically discover users' interests using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a linguistic topic model that represents users as mixtures of topics. Our system is able to recommend friends for 4 million users with high recall, outperforming existing strategies based on graph analysis.
Donorâ€“acceptor complexes incorporating ferrocenes: spectroelectrochemical characterisation, quadratic hyperpolarisabilities and the effects of oxidising and reducing agents (2001)

The donor–acceptor complexes [Fe(C5H5){C5H4QNHM(NO)(TpMe,Me)X}] {TpMe,Me = tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate; Q = nothing, M = Mo, X = Cl, Br, I; M = W, X = Cl; Q = C6H4, M = Mo, X = Cl, Br, I; M = W, X = Cl; Q = CHCHC6H4 or NNC6H4, M = Mo, X = Cl), which contain 16-valence electron metal nitrosyl centres, [Fe(C5H5){C5H4QpyMo(NO)(TpMe,Me)Cl}] (py = 4-pyridyl; Q = CHCH, CHCHCO, NCH and C6H4CHCH), [Fe(C5Me4H){C5H4CHCHpyMo(NO)(TpMe,Me)Cl}] and [Fe(C5Me4H)(C5Me4QpyZ)] {Q = CHCH or CHN, Z = Mo(NO)(TpMe,Me)Cl or W(CO)5; Q2,4-CHCH(C4H2S)CHCH, Z = W(CO)5 or Me+I−}, some of which contain 17-valence electron molybdenum nitrosyl centres, and [Fe(C5Me4H){C5Me4CHCH(C4H2S)CHCHpy}], have been characterised electrochemically, by their electronic spectra, and spectroelectrochemically. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering was used to determine the first hyperpolarisability, β, the data showing that (a) β is dependent on the metal in the acceptor fragment, (b) β increased when Cl or Br was replaced by I and (c) β increased when the number of methyl groups on the cyclopentadienyl rings increased. The β-values for comparable complexes containing {Mo(NO)(TpMe,Me)Cl} and {W(CO)5} moieties were similar. Chemical oxidation of the ferrocenyl or chemical reduction of the molybdenum nitrosyl acceptor fragments in selected complexes caused a reduction of between 25% and 100% in the NLO response. X-Ray structural studies of [Fe(C5H5){C5H4NHMo(NO)(TpMe,Me)Cl}] (P) and [Fe(C5Me4H){C5Me4CHCHpyMo(NO)(TpMe,Me)Cl}] (P) are reported.
Homework as a metacognitive tool in an undergraduate physics course (2019)

A considerable body of research shows that individuals who demonstrate a wide variety of metacognitive skills perform better on scientific problem solving. We developed a way of implementing homework in an undergraduate physics course to promote metacognitive skills. This novel homework design includes both an individual and a team phase and was implemented in a team-based learning environment. We developed a coding table to conduct both qualitative and quantitative analyses of students' expressions of metacognitive thinking. Results indicate that students' expressions of metacognitive thinking improved during the term. Data also show that team discussion helps improve metacognitive skills.
Quasi-Probability Distributions in Astable Dissipative Quantum Systems (2020)

An alternative method was developed in the 1960s by Glauber, Haken and others based on the use of the solutions of Fokker-Planck equations (FPE) for quasi-probability distributions. The FPE works well for cases with stable fixed points, but difficulties with some of the quasi-probability distributions became apparent for the critical case. The master equation can be related to the FPE for a quasi-probability distribution by the use of a characteristic function. The characteristic function has the form of a generating function for the quasi-probability distribution. The evolution towards a steady state probability distribution for the Lorenz system provides a fascinating example of the ideas of algorithmic complexity in quantum chaos. Optical bistability has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. Good agreement has been reached between theory and experiment for steady state quantities, but the quantum statistical predictions of the theory are only beginning to be explored in experiment.
Replacement of the carboxylic acid group of prostaglandin F2α with a hydroxyl or methoxy substituent provides biologically unique compounds (2000)

Replacement of the carboxylic acid group of PGF(2alpha) with the non-acidic substituents hydroxyl (-OH) or methoxy (-OCH(3)) resulted in an unexpected activity profile. Although PGF(2alpha) 1-OH and PGF(2alpha) 1-OCH(3) exhibited potent contractile effects similar to 17-phenyl PGF(2alpha) in the cat lung parenchymal preparation, they were approximately 1000 times less potent than 17-phenyl PGF(2alpha) in stimulating recombinant feline and human FP receptors. In human dermal fibroblasts and Swiss 3T3 cells PGF(2alpha) 1-OH and PGF(2alpha) 1-OCH(3) produced no Ca(2+) signal until a 1 microM concentration was exceeded. Pretreatment of Swiss 3T3 cells with either 1 microM PGF(2alpha) 1-OH or PGF(2alpha) 1-OCH(3) did not attenuate Ca(2+) signal responses produced by PGF(2alpha) or fluprostenol. In the rat uterus, PGF(2alpha) 1-OH was about two orders of magnitude less potent than 17-phenyl PGF(2alpha) whereas PGF(2alpha) 1-OCH(3) produced only a minimal effect. Radioligand binding studies on cat lung parenchymal plasma membrane preparations suggested that the cat lung parenchyma does not contain a homogeneous population of receptors that equally respond to PGF(2alpha)1-OH, PGF(2alpha)1-OCH(3), and classical FP receptor agonists. Studies on smooth muscle preparations and cells containing DP, EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), EP(4), IP, and TP receptors indicated that the activity of PGF(2alpha) 1-OH and PGF(2alpha) 1-OCH(3) could not be ascribed to interaction with these receptors. The potent effects of PGF(2alpha) 1-OH and PGF(2alpha) 1-OCH(3) on the cat lung parenchyma are difficult to describe in terms of interaction with the FP or any other known prostanoid receptor.
Full duplex relaying for local area (2013)

We consider full-duplex multi-hop forwarding in a Beyond 4G local area network. In the network, there is a high density of self-backhauling relay nodes that simultaneously act as access points towards the users, in addition to few nodes with wired backhaul. The access is framed and synchronized along the multi-hop flow, and the nodes apply time division duplexing. Interference cancelation as well as power optimization is performed within the multihop route. Simulations are carried out in a local area network consisting of multiple multi-floor buildings. The propagation channel is modelled using static pathloss, log-normal distributed random variable, or static pathloss with Rayleigh fading. The simulation results indicate that full-duplex relaying improves the network performance over half-duplex relaying, if self-interference channel attenuation is kept over 80 dB. The means of achieving tolerable self-interference levels in full-duplexing relays via physical design of the relay, and analog and digital interference cancellation are discussed.
Using Renewable Energy Sources in the Province of Manitoba (2017)

This paper explores the potential for additional renewable energy options in the Canadian province of Manitoba, which already produces nearly 100% of its electrical energy using hydro power. It considers the perspectives of the national and provincial governments with regard to the future of electric transportation. It also consolidates available data collected in the province. Finally, it explores the possibilities of future applications of the concept of smart grid in the context of how this may assist the optimal energy source mix for this province. There are reasons other than economics which could drive Manitobans to invest in renewable energy sources different from hydro power. The electric vehicle (EV) is a prime example of a load that should be supplied by new renewable energy. The reduction in the consumption of petrol, the reduction of pollution, and the education in energy efficiency justify the use of renewable energies in EVs.
Microwave approach for the synthesis of rhabdophane-type lanthanide orthophosphate (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Tb) nanorods under solvothermal conditions (2005)

Rhabdophane-type hexagonal lanthanide orthophosphate, LnPO4·nH2O (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Tb, n = 0 to 0.6), and body-centered tetragonal ErPO4·nH2O nanowires/nanorods have been successfully synthesized in high yield (>95%) by simple microwave heating of an aqueous solution of Ln(III) nitrate and NH4H2PO4 in the pH range 1.8–2.2. The reaction was conducted in a simple domestic microwave oven. The structure, morphology, composition and physical properties of the as-prepared products have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, low resolution transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The length and width of the resulting lanthanide orthophosphate nanowires/nanorods are in the range 70–2200 nm and 6–130 nm, respectively. A possible mechanism for the formation of LnPO4·nH2O nanowires/nanorods is briefly discussed.
Inhibition of TNF-α, Induced Cytokine and Adhesion Molecule (2001)

Activation of certain cytokines and adhesion molecules has been postulated being involved in the pathogenesis of experimental and human glomerulonephritis. In this study, we examined whether the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), mediated the expression of these genes involved with the inflammatory response of mesangial cells by using transcription factor decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to block NFkappaB binding to the promoter site of its target genes. We hypothesized that the NFkappaB decoy ODN can inhibit the coordinated activation of cytokines and adhesion molecules induced by TNF-alpha. Increased binding activity of NFkappaB induced by TNF-alpha was effectively blocked by the NFkappaB decoy ODN. TNF-alpha stimulated CAT expression, which was significantly inhibited by transfection of NFkappaB, but not by scrambled decoy ODN. Of importance, NFkappaB, but not scrambled decoy ODN, significantly attenuated the increase in RNA and protein levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-alpha assessed by RT-PCR. Moreover, in vivo transfection of NFkappaB decoy ODN inhibited expressions of these cytokines and adhesion molecules induced by TNF-alpha injection. These results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glomerulonephritis using decoy ODN to block the binding of NFkappaB, inhibiting the coordinated transactivation of the key cytokines and adhesion molecules, and thereby suppressing the inflammatory process.
Deposition of LiF onto Films of Fullerene Derivatives Leads to Bulk Doping (2016)

One of the most commonly used cathode interlayers for increasing the efficiency of electron injection/extraction in organic electronic devices is an ultrathin layer of LiF. Our capacitance measurements and electrical conductivity analysis show that thin films of fullerene derivatives and their mixtures with polymers are unintentionally doped upon deposition of LiF. The level of doping depends on the chemical structure of the fullerene derivatives. The doping effect on polymer/fullerene mixtures is significant only for blends in which the fullerene content is greater than the polymer content by weight. Our finding has profound implications for the development and characterization of organic photovoltaic devices, including a negative impact of doping on the stability of the device and erroneous estimations of properties such as charge carrier mobility and the dielectric constant.