gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Iron and Magnet Losses in Surface-Permanent-Magnet Machines Resulting From Injection-Based Self-Sensing Position Estimation (2012)

This paper presents a systematic analysis of iron and magnet losses in surface-permanent-magnet (SPM) machines for the position estimation using high-frequency (HF) signal injection. Standard SPM machines with cylindrical rotors are analyzed. It is shown that the magnet eddy current loss due to the superimposed HF signal should be considered for SPM-machine injection-based position estimation. With a proper machine design, the resulting HF armature flux linkage in the magnet can convert to the HF leakage flux in the stator. The decreased magnet eddy current loss can be achieved, leading to better performance on both power conversion and injection-based position estimation. This paper includes the experimental evaluation of two SPM machines with different winding configurations.
So who won? (2012)

We consider a crowdsourcing database system that may cleanse, populate, or filter its data by using human workers. Just like a conventional DB system, such a crowdsourcing DB system requires data manipulation functions such as select, aggregate, maximum, average, and so on, except that now it must rely on human operators (that for example compare two objects) with very different latency, cost and accuracy characteristics. In this paper, we focus on one such function, maximum, that finds the highest ranked object or tuple in a set. In particularm we study two problems: given a set of votes (pairwise comparisons among objects), how do we select the maximum? And how do we improve our estimate by requesting additional votes? We show that in a crowdsourcing DB system, the optimal solution to both problems is NP-Hard. We then provide heuristic functions to select the maximum given evidence, and to select additional votes. We experimentally evaluate our functions to highlight their strengths and weaknesses.
Abstract 5172: Developing a lung metastasis gene signature using a lung tropism model in melanoma (2015)

Abstract A patient with metastatic melanoma has a 5-year survival rate of only 15%. As with most cancers, approximately 90% of fatalities are caused by metastatic spread of tumor cells to vital organs like the liver, lung, brain, bone, etc. Lung is one of the leading metastatic sites of melanoma at initial presentation, yet the mechanisms that lead to melanoma lung metastases are not well understood. For our study we have developed an in vivo ‘spontaneous lung-metastasis model’ using two human melanoma cell lines, UACC903 and C8161, with different genetic backgrounds. Parental melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. After the tumors reached the maximum allowable size of 1.5 cm, survival surgery was performed to remove the subcutaneous tumors and the animals were observed for an additional 4 weeks or until the animals appeared ill. The animals were sacrificed and lung metastases were surgically removed and re-cultured. The two new cell lines were designated as UACC903-LM and C8161-LM. This process was repeated using these new cell lines to obtain a second round of lung metastasizing lines we designated as UACC903-LMM and C8161-LMM. Using the parental and metastasizing cell lines we have been able to identify a lung metastasis gene signature using PCR array analysis, validated by PCR and Western Blot. This lung metastasis gene signature was further supported by the identification of increased expression of the same set of genes in lung metastasis as compared to primary tumors from patients with melanoma. We have also observed increased migration in metastasizing cell lines as compared to the parental lines using a trans-well migration assay with fetal bovine serum as chemo-attractant. CXCR-4 was one of gene products up-regulated in the metastasizing cell lines and the FDA-approved CXCR-4 antagonist, AMD-3100, inhibited trans-well migration of the metastasizing cell lines far more than parental cell lines. Our ongoing studies are examining the potential of inhibiting CXCR-4, and other gene products from our metastasis gene signature, as a therapeutic option in patients with advanced melanoma. Funding: NIH RO1-563057 Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Yu Wen, Maung Naing Lin Shan, Jiadong Li, James Goydos. Developing a lung metastasis gene signature using a lung tropism model in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5172. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5172
An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Use of Animal Models for the Preclinical Assessment of Potential Therapies for Pulmonary Fibrosis (2017)

Numerous compounds have shown efficacy in limiting development of pulmonary fibrosis using animal models, yet few of these compounds have replicated these beneficial effects in clinical trials. Given the challenges associated with performing clinical trials in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), it is imperative that preclinical data packages be robust in their analyses and interpretations to have the best chance of selecting promising drug candidates to advance to clinical trials. The American Thoracic Society has convened a group of experts in lung fibrosis to discuss and formalize recommendations for preclinical assessment of antifibrotic compounds. The panel considered three major themes (choice of animal, practical considerations of fibrosis modeling, and fibrotic endpoints for evaluation). Recognizing the need for practical considerations, we have taken a pragmatic approach. The consensus view is that use of the murine intratracheal bleomycin model in animals of both genders, using hydroxyproline measurements for collagen accumulation along with histologic assessments, is the best-characterized animal model available for preclinical testing. Testing of antifibrotic compounds in this model is recommended to occur after the acute inflammatory phase has subsided (generally after Day 7). Robust analyses may also include confirmatory studies in human IPF specimens and validation of results in a second system using in vivo or in vitro approaches. The panel also strongly encourages the publication of negative results to inform the lung fibrosis community. These recommendations are for preclinical therapeutic evaluation only and are not intended to dissuade development of emerging technologies to better understand IPF pathogenesis.
0559 Solriamfetol Demonstrates Durable Cognitive Improvement in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (2023)

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repeated intermittent airway collapse—often a hypoxic event—resulting in disrupted sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy reduces hypoxic events and mitigates sleep disruption, but EDS often persists. Cognitive impairment is a burdensome symptom in many patients with EDS associated with OSA, which leads to occupational and social dysfunction and degrades quality of life. Solriamfetol (Sunosi®) is approved to improve wakefulness in adults with EDS associated with OSA, but its effect on cognitive impairment was unknown. The SHARP study evaluated whether solriamfetol improves cognitive function in patients with OSA-associated EDS and impaired cognition, and the durability of cognitive effects across the day. Methods SHARP was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in 59 patients with OSA-associated EDS and concurrent cognitive impairment. All patients received solriamfetol (75mg for 3 days followed by 150mg/day) for 2 weeks, and placebo for 2 weeks, with treatment periods separated by a 1-week washout. The primary endpoint was change from baseline on the Coding subtest of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), which is equivalent to the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Secondary endpoints measured durability of effect spanning an 8-hour period and Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S). Results The study completion rate was 96.7%. Solriamfetol treatment improved performance on the DSST-RBANS compared to placebo (6.49 vs. 4.75, p=0.009), with an effect size (Cohen’s d) of 0.36. Solriamfetol also yielded improvements at post-dose timepoints throughout the day (solriamfetol-placebo difference): 2 hours (1.91, p=0.033), 4 hours (1.38, p=0.089; NS), 6 hours (2.33, p=0.004), 8 hours (1.58, p=0.022). Scores on the PGI-S improved with solriamfetol compared to placebo (-0.90 vs -0.61, p=0.034). The most common adverse events with solriamfetol treatment (incidence ≥3%) were nausea (6.9%) and anxiety (3.4%). Conclusion The adverse events profile and high completion rate suggest solriamfetol (150mg/day) was well tolerated. Moreover, solriamfetol improved cognition as measured by the DSST-RBANS, demonstrated durable effects over an 8-hour period, and reduced perceptions of symptom severity. Thus, in patients with OSA-associated EDS and impaired cognition, solriamfetol durably improved cognitive performance. Support (if any) Axsome Therapeutics Jazz Pharmaceuticals
Quantifying stiffness and forces of tumor colonies and embryos using a magnetic microrobot (2023)

Stiffness and forces are two fundamental quantities essential to living cells and tissues. However, it has been a challenge to quantify both 3D traction forces and stiffness (or modulus) using the same probe in vivo. Here, we describe an approach that overcomes this challenge by creating a magnetic microrobot probe with controllable functionality. Biocompatible ferromagnetic cobalt-platinum microcrosses were fabricated, and each microcross (about 30 micrometers) was trapped inside an arginine-glycine-apartic acid-conjugated stiff poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) round microgel (about 50 micrometers) using a microfluidic device. The stiff magnetic microrobot was seeded inside a cell colony and acted as a stiffness probe by rigidly rotating in response to an oscillatory magnetic field. Then, brief episodes of ultraviolet light exposure were applied to dynamically photodegrade and soften the fluorescent nanoparticle-embedded PEG microgel, whose deformation and 3D traction forces were quantified. Using the microrobot probe, we show that malignant tumor-repopulating cell colonies altered their modulus but not traction forces in response to different 3D substrate elasticities. Stiffness and 3D traction forces were measured, and both normal and shear traction force oscillations were observed in zebrafish embryos from blastula to gastrula. Mouse embryos generated larger tensile and compressive traction force oscillations than shear traction force oscillations during blastocyst. The microrobot probe with controllable functionality via magnetic fields could potentially be useful for studying the mechanoregulation of cells, tissues, and embryos.
Studies on the Ocular Hypotensive Effects of Prostaglandin F 2α Ester Prodrugs and Receptor Selective Prostaglandin Analogs (1994)

The use of natural prostaglandins (PG), such as PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2, for treating glaucoma is limited by their ocular side effects. One approach to achieve the required separation of ocular hypotensive activity from side effects is to employ ester prodrugs. From a novel series of 11- and 15-mono and 11,15-diacyl esters of PGF2 alpha we identified prodrugs where PGF2 alpha formation rates in the iris-ciliary body exceeded those in the conjunctiva, sclera, and corneal endothelium. Compared to PGF2 alpha-1-isopropyl ester the ocular tissue hydrolysis rates of the 11-monopivaloyl, the 11,15-dipivaloyl ester and the 1,11-lactone were up to 1000 fold less. Despite this large disparity in hydrolysis rates, the pivaloyl esters and the 1,11-lactone were potent ocular hypotensives in our animal models. In studying prostaglandin analogs, we found that a diverse variety of prostanoid receptor selective agonists lowered intraocular pressure in dogs and/or monkeys. These included DP-, EP1-, EP2-, EP3-, and FP-receptor selective compounds. These findings were surprising and prompted us to re-examine the receptor selectivity of these agonists by radioligand binding studies. Using radiolabelled PGE2, 17-phenyl PGF2 alpha, and sulprostone we were able to confirm the selectivity of the agonists currently used for receptor characterization directly by radioligand binding competition studies. It appears that multiple prostanoid receptor subtypes may be involved in regulating intraocular pressure.
Assessing environmental drivers of microbial communities in estuarine soils of the Aconcagua River in Central Chile (2015)

Aconcagua River basin (Central Chile) harbors diverse economic activities such as agriculture, mining and a crude oil refinery. The aim of this study was to assess environmental drivers of microbial communities in Aconcagua River estuarine soils, which may be influenced by anthropogenic activities taking place upstream and by natural processes such as tides and flood runoffs. Physicochemical parameters were measured in floodplain soils along the estuary. Bacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Fungi were studied by DGGE fingerprinting of 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal ITS-1 amplified from community DNA. Correlations between environment and communities were assessed by distance-based redundancy analysis. Mainly hydrocarbons, pH and the composed variable copper/arsenic/calcium but in less extent nitrogen and organic matter/phosphorous/magnesium correlated with community structures at different taxonomic levels. Aromatic hydrocarbons degradation potential by bacterial community was studied. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases genes were detected only at upstream sites. Naphthalene dioxygenase ndo genes were heterogeneously distributed along estuary, and related to Pseudomonas, Delftia, Comamonas and Ralstonia. IncP-1 plasmids were mainly present at downstream sites, whereas IncP-7 and IncP-9 plasmids showed a heterogeneous distribution. This study strongly suggests that pH, copper, arsenic and hydrocarbons are main drivers of microbial communities in Aconcagua River estuarine soils.
Overview of implementing ATM based enterprise local area network for desktop multimedia computing (1996)

The authors discuss important implementation issues in an ATM-based enterprise network, and propose possible migration strategies for the smooth introduction of ATM into the desktop computing environment. They present the ATM traffic service classes and the associated traffic management functions. The authors cover the latest ATM forum standardization efforts on traffic management functions and LAN emulation. Finally, they discuss how to seamlessly support the existing transport control protocol (TCP)/Internet protocol (IP) in an ATM environment.
Synthesis of Non-linear Protein Dimers through a Genetically Encoded Thiol-ene Reaction (2014)

Site-specific incorporation of bioorthogonal unnatural amino acids into proteins provides a useful tool for the installation of specific functionalities that will allow for the labeling of proteins with virtually any probe. We demonstrate the genetic encoding of a set of alkene lysines using the orthogonal PylRS/PylTCUA pair in Escherichia coli. The installed double bond functionality was then applied in a photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction of the protein with a fluorescent thiol-bearing probe, as well as a cysteine residue of a second protein, showing the applicability of this approach in the formation of heterogeneous non-linear fused proteins.
Genetic deficit of SK3 and IK1 channels abolishes EDHF‐type vasodilation and elevates blood pressure. (2009)

In blood vessels, the Ca2+‐activated K+ channels SK3 (KCa2.3) and IK1 (KCa3.1) are expressed in the endothelium and their activation has been proposed to play a role in the arteriolar dilation attributed to the action of an "endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor" (EDHF). However, the precise understanding of the roles of SK3 and IK1 channels in the EDHF‐dilator response and in blood pressure control remains incomplete. To clarify the roles of SK3 and IK1 channels in the EDHF‐dilator response, we generated mice deficient of both channels. Here we show that endothelial IK1/SK3 deficiency disrupted smooth muscle hyperpolarization and EDHF signalling in conduit arteries and in resistance arterioles in vivo. As a consequence, SK3/IK1‐deficient mice exhibit elevated arterial blood pressure which is most prominent during physical activity. Over‐expression of SK3 in IK1‐/‐/SK3T/T‐mice partially restores EDHF‐mediated vasodilation and lowers blood pressure. Our study demonstrates that endothelial SK3 and IK1 channels are the major constituents of the EDHF‐pathway in vivo and reveals a significant contribution of the EDHF‐dilator system to arterial blood pressure. Therefore, these endothelial K+‐channels may represent novel therapeutic targets for lowering arterial blood pressure in hypertension.
Total Magnetic Charge for Fast Screening of Highly Contaminated UXO Sites (2005)

The use of total normalized surface magnetic charge is proposed for the purpose of rapidly scanning highly contaminated unexploded ordnance (UXO) sites as well as for the application in UXO discrimination. Recent studies have demonstrated that in the electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing considered here (tens of hertz up to several hundreds of kHz), the surface magnetic charge model (SMC) can reproduce EMI responses from any metallic object very quickly and accurately. In SMC the scattered magnetic field at any point outside a fictitious surface, surrounding the scatterers, is represented as a sum of quasi-static magnetic fields produced by equivalent elementary magnetic charges placed on the fictitious surface. In this work a fictitious plate, placed on the ground is used as fictitious surface. The amplitudes of SMC are determined by matching the scattered magnetic field to data at measurement grid points. Once the amplitudes of SMC are found then the total normalized magnetic charge is calculated, and it can be used effectively as a discriminator. In cases of highly contaminated sites, first data are taken for a cluttered site and its corresponding total magnetic charge is calculated and stored. Then, for any new nearby test site the total magnetic charge is calculated again. The total normalized charge for cluttered data is subtracted from the total for the new site, and thus the object is isolated from the clutter. Finally, for discrimination the object's total magnetic normalized charge is matched to cataloged/library data. Several numerical results are presented to demonstrate applicability of the total magnetic charge as a classifier in highly contaminates UXO sites.
4-Aminopyridine in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (1993)

In a recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, we demonstrated efficacy of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in improving disability of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we describe the relationship between dosage, serum level, efficacy, and safety of intravenously and orally administered 4-AP in the same group of 70 MS patients. After both intravenous and oral administration there was a significant relationship between serum levels and 4-AP doses used (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The use of 4-AP in oral doses three times a day showed a large variation and fluctuation in serum levels. After 12 weeks of oral treatment (maximum daily dosage 0.5 mg/kg body weight), a statistically significant improvement was found for the smooth pursuit gain of the eye movements (estimated effect 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.23, p < 0.001). The amount of improvement was significantly related to 4-AP serum levels (p = 0.0013). Side effects after intravenous 4-AP occurred frequently and were very troublesome (pain in infusion arm, dizziness). Side effects during oral treatment (dizziness, paresthesias) were very mild and occurred 30-45 min after intake of the medication and could be related to high serum levels.
Supplementary Figure S6 from ERK Inhibitor LY3214996 Targets ERK Pathway–Driven Cancers: A Therapeutic Approach Toward Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Generation of vemurafenib-resistant A375 model in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Sign-sign LMS convergence with independent stochastic inputs (1990)

The sign-sign adaptive least-mean-square (LMS) identifier filter is a computationally efficient variant of the LMS identifier filter. It involves the introduction of signum functions in the traditional LMS update term. Consideration is given to global convergence of parameter estimates offered by this algorithm, to a ball with radius proportional to the algorithm step size for white input sequences, specially from Gaussian and uniform distributions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Regioselective Ni‐Catalyzed Alkylation and Hydride Addition of Allylic Ethers. A Remarkable Turnover in Regioselectivity. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using Additive Modifications in LU Factorization Instead of Pivoting (2023)

Direct solvers for dense systems of linear equations commonly use partial pivoting to ensure numerical stability. However, pivoting can introduce significant performance overheads, such as synchronization and data movement, particularly on distributed systems. To improve the performance of these solvers, we present an alternative to pivoting in which numerical stability is obtained through additive updates. We implemented this approach using SLATE, a GPU-accelerated numerical linear algebra library, and evaluated it on the Summit supercomputer. Our approach provides better performance (up to 5-fold speedup) than Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting for comparable accuracy on most of the tested matrices. It also provides better accuracy (up to 15 more digits) than Gaussian elimination with no pivoting for comparable performance.
Lithium Plating in the Presence of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations (2013)

Abstract not Available.