gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoding speech in the presence of other sound sources (2000)

Conventional speech recognition is notoriously vulnerable to additive noise, and even the best compensation methods are defeated if the noise is nonstationary.To address this problem, we propose a new integration of bottom-up techniques to identify 'coherent fragments' of spectro-temporal energy (based on local features), with the top-down hypothesis search of conventional speech recognition, extended to search also across possible assignments of each fragment as speech or interference.Initial tests demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, and achieve a reduction in word error rate of more than 25% relative at 5 dB SNR over stationary noise missing data recognition.
Tissue Factor Regulates Plasminogen Binding and Activation (1998)

Tissue factor (TF) has been implicated in several important biologic processes, including fibrin formation, atherogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor cell migration. In that plasminogen activators have been implicated in the same processes, the potential for interactions between TF and the plasminogen activator system was examined. Plasminogen was found to bind directly to the extracellular domain of TF apoprotein (amino acids 1-219) as determined by optical biosensor interaction analysis. A fragment of plasminogen containing kringles 1 through 3 also bound to TF apoprotein, whereas isolated kringle 4 and miniplasminogen did not. Expression of TF on the surface of a stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line stimulated plasminogen binding to the cells by 70% more than to control cells. Plasminogen bound to a site on the TF apoprotein that appears to be distinct from the binding site for factors VII and VIIa as judged by a combination of biosensor and cell assays. TF enhanced two-chain urokinase (tcuPA) activation of Glu-plasminogen, but not of miniplasminogen, in a dose-dependent, saturable manner (half maximal stimulation at 59 pmol/L). TF apoprotein induced an effect similar to that of relipidated TF, but a relatively higher concentration of the apoprotein was required (half maximal stimulation at 3.8 nmol/L). The stimulatory effect of TF on plasminogen activation was confirmed when plasmin formation was examined directly on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In accord with this, TF inhibited fibrinolysis by approximately 74% at a concentration of 14 nmol/L and almost totally inhibited the binding of equimolar concentrations of plasminogen to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human trophoblasts. Further, CHO cells expressing TF inhibited uPA-mediated fibrinolysis relative to a wild-type control. TF apoprotein and plasminogen were found to colocalize in atherosclerotic plaque. These data suggest that plasminogen localization and activation may be modulated at extravascular sites through a high-affinity interaction between kringles 1 through 3 of plasminogen and the extracellular domain of TF.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1B-AP5 is methylated in its Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) box and interacts with human arginine methyltransferase HRMT1L1 (2001)

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family includes predominantly nuclear proteins acting at different stages of mRNA metabolism. A characteristic feature of hnRNPs is to undergo post-translational asymmetric arginine methylation catalysed by different type 1 protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). A novel mammalian hnRNP, E1B-AP5, recently identified by its interaction with adenovirus early protein E1B-55 kDa, has been proposed to have a regulatory role in adenoviral and host-cell mRNA processing/nuclear export [Gabler, Schutt, Groitl, Wolf, Shenk and Dobner (1998) J. Virol. 72, 7960-7971]. Here we report that E1B-AP5 is methylated in vivo in its Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG)-box domain, known to mediate protein-RNA interactions. The activity responsible for E1B-AP5 methylation forms a complex with E1B-AP5 in vivo. The predominant mammalian arginine methyltransferase HRMT1L2 (hPRMT1) did not detectably methylate endogenous E1B-AP5 despite efficiently methylating a recombinant RGG-box domain of E1B-AP5. Using yeast two-hybrid screening we identified HRMT1L1 (PRMT2) as one of the proteins interacting with E1B-AP5. By in situ immunofluorescence we demonstrated that E1B-AP5 co-localizes with the nuclear fraction of HRMT1L1. The Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of HRMT1L1 was essential for its interaction with E1B-AP5 in vivo. We suggest that HRMT1L1 is responsible for specific E1B-AP5 methylation in vivo.
Fuzzy sliding‐mode controlled induction motor servo drive based on real‐time genetic algorithm (2004)

Abstract A genetic algorithm (GA)‐based fuzzy sliding‐mode control system is proposed in this study. The proposed controller combines the merits of the sliding‐mode control, the fuzzy inference mechanism and the GA. First, a sliding‐mode controller with an integral‐operation switching surface is designed. Then, a fuzzy sliding‐mode controller is investigated, in which a simple fuzzy inference mechanism is utilized to estimate the upper bound of uncertainties. Furthermore, the fuzzy inference mechanism with center adaptation of the membership functions is investigated to estimate the optimal bound of the uncertainties at the adaptive fuzzy sliding‐mode controller. Since most of the parameters of the fuzzy inference mechanism are constants, optimal response usually cannot be obtained due to the existence of uncertainties. Therefore, a real‐time GA with real‐value coding is developed to search the optimal parameters of the fuzzy inference mechanism to improve the control performance. Finally, the position control of an induction motor (IM) servo drive using the proposed control strategy is illustrated. Key words: genetic algorithmsliding‐mode controlleradaptive fuzzy sliding‐mode controllerinduction motor servo drive Notes Corresponding author. (Tel: 886–3–8634061; Fax: 886–3–8634060; Email: linfj@mail.ndhu.edu.tw)
Solvent dispersible nanoplatinum–carbon nanotube hybrids for application in homogeneous catalysis (2010)

Solvent-dispersible carbon nanotubes/nanoplatinum hybrid structures are presented, which show excellent catalytic activity under both heterogeneous and homogeneous conditions.
Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Firsocostat, an Acetyl‐Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitor, and Cilofexor, a Selective Nonsteroidal Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist (2023)

Firsocostat, a liver-targeted acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor, and cilofexor, a nonsteroidal farnesoid X receptor agonist, are being developed in combination for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This phase 1 study evaluated firsocostat and cilofexor pharmacokinetics and tolerability in participants with severe renal impairment (SRI) and healthy matched controls (HMCs). Ten participants with SRI (estimated glomerular filtration rate by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease <30 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> ), and 10 HMCs received single oral doses of firsocostat (20 mg) on day 1 and cilofexor (100 mg) on day 7 in a fasted state. Plasma concentrations of firsocostat (and nonactive metabolite GS-834773) and cilofexor (and nonactive metabolites GS-716070 and GS-1056756) were collected over 96 hours and quantified; plasma exposures (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] and peak concentration [C<sub>max</sub> ]) and plasma protein binding were characterized. Firsocostat AUC was ≈40% higher in SRI versus HMC, while C<sub>max</sub> was 8% lower. Observed exposures of the firsocostat metabolite were ≈4.6-fold higher in SRI participants versus HMC. Exposures (AUC and C<sub>max</sub> ) of cilofexor and metabolites and percentages of protein binding of all analytes were similar between SRI and HMC groups. Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild and not considered related to study drug. A <50% increase in firsocostat exposure was observed among SRI participants but was deemed not clinically relevant. There was no apparent effect of SRI on cilofexor exposure. Based on this trial, firsocostat and cilofexor dosing are not expected to require modification in patients who are renally impaired.
[Organ-specific fungal infections as a complication of treatment of children with cancer. A single centre observation]. (2008)

Increasing intensity of treatment of childhood malignancies as well as administration of the new generation broad-spectrum antibiotics is associated with increased risk of fungal infections. In this paper, we describe two patients, in whom anti-neoplastic treatment was complicated by systemic fungal infection. Early suspicion and/or detection of fungal infection enables more effective and shorter treatment. Administration of an anti-fungal drug should be considered in every neutropenic patient after chemotherapy and/or with protracted fever. Since the anti-fungal treatment is usually prolonged, this results in significant interruption of the chemotherapy.
Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in the United States: Seasonal Patterns and Meta-Analysis of Long-Term Trends and Average Concentrations (2022)

This paper presents an up-to-date meta-analysis assessing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as changes over time. PFAS concentrations were compiled for WWTPs in the United States from peer-reviewed studies, technical reports, and original data. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increased by an average of 6.0 ± 1.6 ng/L from the influents to the effluents of WWTPs, but perfluorosulfonic acid (PFOS) did not significantly change, indicating sorption to sludge is offset by biotransformation of precursor compounds. The occurrence of individual PFAS may vary temporally; for example, perfluoropentanoic acid correlated weakly with seasonal temperatures at a site in Virginia. Wastewater effluent PFOA concentrations decreased at a site in Nevada from 2012 to February 2020 but appeared to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effluent PFOA also declined nationally from 1999 to 2020 by ∼13% per year. Nevertheless, the national mean PFOA concentration was 8.4 ± 0.4 ng/L in data collected from 2013 to 2020 with outliers omitted, indicating persisting low-level occurrence. This would equate to 383 ± 20 kg of PFOA per year continuing to enter the environment via WWTP effluents.
An Empirical Investigation of Word Class-Based Features for Natural Language Understanding (2015)

There are many studies that show using class-based features improves the performance of natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as syntactic part-of-speech tagging, dependency parsing, sentiment analysis, and slot filling in natural language understanding (NLU), but not much has been reported on the underlying reasons for the performance improvements. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the word class-based features for the exponential family of models specifically focusing on NLU tasks, and demonstrate that the performance improvements could be attributed to the regularization effect of the class-based features on the underlying model. Our hypothesis is based on empirical observation that shrinking the sum of parameter magnitudes in an exponential model tends to improve performance. We show on several semantic tagging tasks that there is a positive correlation between the model size reduction by the addition of the class-based features and the model performance on a held-out dataset. We also demonstrate that class-based features extracted from different data sources using alternate word clustering methods can individually contribute to the performance gain. Since the proposed features are generated in an unsupervised manner without significant computational overhead, the improvements in performance largely come for free and we show that such features provide gains for a wide range of tasks from semantic classification and slot tagging in NLU to named entity recognition (NER).
Four-micron period ion-implanted bubble test circuits (1986)

Packaged magnetic bubble test circuits made with 4-µm period ion-implanted circuits were operated over -55° to +110°C. The circuits used bidirectional transfer and nondestructive detection and were made on bismuth-containing magnetic garnet films. Passivated circuits that incorporated an improved transfer conductor design were operated on films with higher Gilbert damping parameters. Potential advantages to using films wih lower bubble aspect ratios for ion-implanted circuits are discussed. However nondestructive readout (NDRO) detection was not realized with these "flat" bubbles.
A purely evolutionary memetic algorithm as a first step towards symbiotic coevolution (2005)

In this paper we propose a memetic algorithm in which a local search step, also based on evolutionary principles, is added to a conventional evolutionary algorithm. In particular, we have considered a basic experimental setup in which a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the numeric terminals of programs evolved using genetic programming (GP). We present results obtained in testing our approach on symbolic regression problems and compare them to results obtained on the same problems by similar approaches which incorporated non-evolutionary local search optimization. The paper presents a set of results obtained with a basic scheme in which GP and GA steps alternate with prefixed frequency. We also present some preliminary results obtained with a more complex, general and potentially more performing scheme in which the same idea has been translated into a coevolutionary environment. In this coevolutionary scheme, the fitness of GA individuals, which encode numerical values, is proportional to the fitness that is globally achieved by GP individuals which use them as terminals. We envision this as the simplest possible implementation of a general coevolutionary scheme in which heterogeneous populations evolve, driven by a fitness function that reflects their capability to either solve the main problem or to contribute to other individuals that are tackling it.
Correction to Synthesis of Vaniprevir (MK-7009): Lactamization To Prepare a 22-Membered Macrocycle (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Synthesis of Vaniprevir (MK-7009): Lactamization To Prepare a 22-Membered MacrocycleZhiguo J. Song*, David M. Tellers*, Michel Journet, Jeffrey T. Kuethe, David Lieberman, Guy Humphrey, Fei Zhang, Zhihui Peng, Marjorie S. Waters, Daniel Zewge, Andrew Nolting, Dalian Zhao, Robert A. Reamer, Peter G. Dormer, Kevin M. Belyk, Ian W. Davies, Paul N. Devine, and David M. TschaenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 22, 9553Publication Date (Web):October 19, 2011Publication History Published online19 October 2011Published inissue 18 November 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo202076mCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views988Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (76 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The fats debate: where are we now? (1996)

The fats debate' continues to confuse and concern health professionals. How many 'grams of fat' should we be having each day? Should we be recommending 'fat-free diets' to patients? How do we answer patients' queries about food labels and claims about '90 per cent fat free' products? Jill Scott provides answers to some these questions.
Vacuum ultraviolet optical analysis of spin‐cast chitosan films modified by succinic anhydride and glycidyl phenyl ether (2007)

Abstract Optical properties of spin‐cast chitosan films were determined in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) through visible regions of the spectrum using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The onset of absorption in the ultraviolet was determined for chitosan films modified with succinic anhydride (SA) and glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE). This absorption was accounted for by including Gaussian and Tauc–Lorentz shaped oscillators in the optical model. VUV through visible optical constants were determined for these modified films, as well as for immunoglobulin G (IgG) attached to GPE‐modified samples. Several resonant oscillator structures exhibit greatly differing oscillator parameters for the as‐deposited, as well as SA‐ and GPE‐modified films. These in‐plane and out‐of‐plane oscillator strengths, energy positions, and broadening were determined and tabulated, and their chemical origins identified. A phenyl resonant π‐bond at approximately 6.3 eV was observed for the GPE‐modified sample. This was not present in the bare chitosan data. GPE contains a phenyl group in the molecule and absorption due to it is clearly identified. Clarity of data after surface chemical modification is due to the high surface sensitivity of VUV ellipsometry. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of Extreme Forces on a Wave Energy Converter of Point Absorber Type and Estimation of Added Mass of Cylindrical Buoy (2014)

A wave energy converter (WEC) of point absorber type is tested at the west coast of Sweden. The buoy is a vertical cylinder. The linear generator on the seabed has limited stroke length. Large waves cause the generator to reach its maximum stroke length. As this happen, a spring in the generator is compressed, causing the buoy to instantly come to rest. During this process the force between the buoy and the generator is measured. Also the acceleration of the buoy is measured. This process and the extreme forces on the generator hull is described and the study shows that the magnitude of this force is greatly influenced by the added mass of the buoy and thus the buoy geometry. The ratio between the extreme forces on the hull and the forces during normal operation will affect the dimensioning and economy of the WEC. Force acting between generator and buoy were measured during various events as the WEC was operating. Heave added mass was derived from the measurements and found to be greater than the theoretical value.
Basic Research Leading to Compact, Portable Pulsed Power (2007)

Abstract : Pulsed power is a technology that is suited to drive electrical loads requiring very large power pulses in short bursts (high-peak power). Certain applications require technology that can be deployed in small spaces under stressful environments, e.g., on a ship, vehicle, or aircraft. In 2001, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) launched a long-range (five-year) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) to study fundamental issues for compact pulsed power. This research program endeavored to: 1) introduce new materials for use in pulsed power systems; 2) examine alternative topologies for compact pulse generation; 3) study pulsed power switches, including pseudospark switches; and 4) investigate the basic physics related to the generation of pulsed power, such as the behavior of liquid dielectrics under intense electric field conditions. This final technical report reviews the advances put forth by the researchers in this consortium and will assess the potential impact for future development of compact pulsed power systems. The progress made over the final 18 months of the program is emphasized.
Raw data for "Utilizing (111) surfaces to produce low-loss silicon slot waveguides" (2016)

This dataset contains the raw data used for the figures in the manuscript titled "Utilizing (111) surfaces to produce low-loss silicon slot waveguides"
BCR/ABL-negative primitive progenitors suitable for transplantation can be selected from the marrow of most early-chronic phase but not accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia patients (1996)

We have previously reported that selection of marrow cells on the basis of the CD34+HLA-DR- phenotype (34+DR-) may result in the recovery of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)- and BCR/ABL-negative long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) in selected patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We now present data on 27 early chronic-phase ([ECP] studied within 1 year after diagnosis) and 23 advanced-phase ([AP] late chronic phase, ie, studied >1 year from diagnosis, or accelerated phase) CML patients. Fluorescence-activated call-sorting (FACS)-selected 34+DR- and 34+DR+ cells were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. These cells were also cultured in long-term bone marrow culture for 1 to 5 weeks to examine the number of LTC-IC and the presence or absence of the BCR/ABL gene rearrangement in progeny of primitive LTC-IC. The number of 34+DR- cells and LTC-IC present in ECP CML marrow was similar to that in normal (NL) marrow, whereas the numbers were reduced in AP CML. Furthermore, 34+DR- cells from more than 80% of ECP CML patients were BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative and contained only BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative LTC-IC, whereas 34+DR- cells and LTC-IC from less than 40% of AP CML patients were BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative. In contrast to NL marrow, 34+DR+ cells from CML marrow, irrespective of clinical stage, contained large numbers of LTC-IC. CML 34+DR+ cells and LTC-IC were BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-positive. Since these studies suggested that a population of primitive progenitors that are Ph-negative can be selected from steady-state marrow in some ECP CML patients, we determined if similar results could be obtained when large quantities of marrow sufficient for transplantation are processed. We demonstrate that 1 to 3 x 10(5) BCR/ABL mRNA-negative 34+DR- cells/kg recipient body weight, containing only BCR/ABL mRNA-negative LTC-IC, can be obtained from a 2- to 2.5-L marrow collection by sequential COBE Spectra apheresis (COBE BCT, Lakewood, CO), CD34+ enrichment using the CEPRATE SC Cell-Concentrator (CellPro, Bothell, WA), and high-speed FACS. Thus, large-scale selection of a BCR/ABL mRNA- and Ph-negative 34+DR- cell population is possible in a fraction of chronic-phase CML patients, in whom these cells could be used to reconstitute the hematopoietic compartment following autologous transplantation.