gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Self-Peptide Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Reactivity in NOD and β2-Microglobulin-Negative Mice (1995)

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and beta 2-microglobulin-gene-ablated mice (beta 2M -/-) show impaired presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and self-peptides, structures now recognized as critical for T-cell education to endogenous peptides. The naturally occurring NOD class I presentation abnormality appears to be attributable to, in part, a quantitative defect in the production of Tap-1 mRNA; Tap-1 with Tap-2 normally functions as a transporter for stable self-peptide and class I assembly. This study attempts to reverse NOD and beta 2-M -/- mouse autoreactivity by introduced or reestablished syngeneic class I presentation. Introduction of MHC class I and self-peptides on syngeneic MHC class I-matched cells specifically prevented diabetes in NOD mice and eliminated in vitro class I-directed T-cell autoreactivity in NOD and beta 2M -/- mice. Reestablishment of endogenous class I and self-peptide presentation in NOD mice was achieved with two well-described cures for the NOD mouse, complete Freund's adjuvant and mouse hepatitis virus. Both treatments induced Tap-1 mRNA, reestablished class I presentation of endogenous antigens, and eliminated in vitro and in vivo T-cell autoreactivity of self-peptides in the class I groove. These results substantiate a therapeutic role of self-peptide complexed with class I for T-cell education and suggest that some well-described NOD treatments may work, in part, through reestablishment of tolerance through class I and self-peptide.
16.1: 82″ Ultra Definition LCD Using New Driving Scheme and Advanced Super PVA Technology (2008)

Abstract Samsung has developed an ultra definition (UD, or 3840×2160) resolution 82″ product for LCD TV applications. The resolution increase from full HD to UD greatly reduces available charging time. This problem has been overcome by employing a half‐gate two‐data line design (hG‐2D) for super PVA pixels. Additionally, cost effective single bank driving has been achieved by adopting a vertical quarter partitioned (VQP) scheme. Viewing angle of 180 degrees, contrast ratio of 2200 to 1, and brightness of 550nits have been achieved while maintaining all other advantages of the super PVA structure.
Inside Front Cover: Manipulating the Local Light Emission in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by using Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers (Adv. Mater. 14/2008) (2008)

The inside cover shows an optical micrograph picture of an organic light-emitting diode with patterned, micro-contact-printed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that modify the work function of the anode, reported by Simon Mathijssen, Dago de Leeuw, and co-workers on p. 2703. In this particular light-emitting diode a fluorinated alkanethiol has been used that increases the work function and therefore improves the injection of holes. This results in a higher light emission on the positions where the SAM has been printed, which can be observed as the red pattern.
Optical manipulation of Janus nanoparticles (2015)

We explore optical forces and torques acting on Janus nanoparticles in a plane electromagnetic wave. We find rotationally stable points and propose a scheme for all-optical manipulation of orientation and position of Janus nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (1R,3R,5S)‐1‐Amino‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo(3.1.0)hexane as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Carbocyclic Nucleosides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new amino acid substitution (Ala-205-Phe) in acetolactate synthase (ALS) confers broad spectrum resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides (2015)

This is a first report of an Ala-205-Phe substitution in acetolactate synthase conferring resistance to imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, triazolopyrimidines, sulfonylamino-carbonyl-triazolinones, and pyrimidinyl (thio) benzoate herbicides. Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II inhibiting herbicides was confirmed in a population of allotetraploid annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.; POAAN-R3) selected from golf course turf in Tennessee. Genetic sequencing revealed that seven of eight POAAN-R3 plants had a point mutation in the psbA gene resulting in a known Ser-264-Gly substitution on the D1 protein. Whole plant testing confirmed that this substitution conferred resistance to simazine in POAAN-R3. Two homeologous forms of the ALS gene (ALSa and ALSb) were detected and expressed in all POAAN-R3 plants sequenced. The seven plants possessing the Ser-264-Gly mutation conferring resistance to simazine also had a homozygous Ala-205-Phe substitution on ALSb, caused by two nucleic acid substitutions in one codon. In vitro ALS activity assays with recombinant protein and whole plant testing confirmed that this Ala-205-Phe substitution conferred resistance to imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, triazolopyrimidines, sulfonylamino-carbonyl- triazolinones, and pyrimidinyl (thio) benzoate herbicides. This is the first report of Ala-205-Phe mutation conferring wide spectrum resistance to ALS inhibiting herbicides.
Achieving appropriate design for developing world heath care: The case of a low-cost autoclave for primary health clinics (2012)

In developing world health clinics, incidence of surgical site infection is 2 to 10 times higher than in developed world hospitals. This paper identifies lack of availability of appropriately designed, low-cost autoclaves in developing world health clinics as a major contributing factor to the dramatic gap in surgical site infection rates. The paper describes the process of developing a low-cost autoclave that addresses the unique challenges faced by developing world primary health clinics and discusses how appropriateness of design was determined. The resulting pressure cooker-based autoclave design was fabricated and tested against the CDC specifications. Twelve partnering clinics in Nepal trialed these autoclaves from July until December 2012.
Guarded evaluation: pushing power management to logic synthesis/design (1998)

The need to reduce the power consumption of the next generation of digital systems is clearly recognized at all levels of system design. At the system level, power management is a very powerful technique and delivers large and unambiguous savings. The ideas behind power management can be extended to the logic level. This would involve determining which parts of a circuit are computing results that will be used and which are not. The parts that are not needed are then "shut off". This paper describes an approach termed guarded evaluation, which is an implementation of this idea. A theoretical framework and the algorithms that form the basis of the approach are presented. The underlying idea is to automatically determine the parts of the circuit that can be disabled on a per-clock-cycle basis. This saves the power used in all the useless transitions in those parts of the circuit. Initial experiments indicate substantial power savings and the strong potential of this approach for a large number of benchmark circuits. While this paper presents the development of these ideas at the logic level of design, the same ideas have direct application at the register-transfer level of design also.
<title>An immersive display with enhanced user/data access</title> (2004)

An immersive display which presents physically accessible 3D data will be discussed and demonstrated. Described will be non-planar visual environment with tactile feedback I/O allowing direct manipulation of stereoscopic images and data in user space. Presented and discussed will be a dynamic display which is incorporated into a calibrated data/display/user XYZ coordinate system.
Tumor-homing peptides as tools for targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta (2016)

The availability of therapeutics to treat pregnancy complications is severely lacking mainly because of the risk of causing harm to the fetus. As enhancement of placental growth and function can alleviate maternal symptoms and improve fetal growth in animal models, we have developed a method for targeted delivery of payloads to the placenta. We show that the tumor-homing peptide sequences CGKRK and iRGD bind selectively to the placental surface of humans and mice and do not interfere with normal development. Peptide-coated nanoparticles intravenously injected into pregnant mice accumulated within the mouse placenta, whereas control nanoparticles exhibited reduced binding and/or fetal transfer. We used targeted liposomes to efficiently deliver cargoes of carboxyfluorescein and insulin-like growth factor 2 to the mouse placenta; the latter significantly increased mean placental weight when administered to healthy animals and significantly improved fetal weight distribution in a well-characterized model of fetal growth restriction. These data provide proof of principle for targeted delivery of drugs to the placenta and provide a novel platform for the development of placenta-specific therapeutics.
Nab-028, a nanoparticle albumin-bound novel taxane, shows improved efficacy and lower toxicity over the tween formulation (Tween-028) (2005)

1432 Background: ABI-028 is a novel taxane selected for its lack of cross-resistance in tumor cell lines expressing the multidrug resistant phenotype (MDR/Pgp) and inhibition of P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Due to its hydrophobicity, ABI-028 can be formulated in the surfactant Tween 80 (same vehicle as Taxotere). However, removal of surfactants from taxane formulations e.g., in the case of nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel (Abraxane™) have demonstrated improvements in safety and efficacy over their surfactant containing counterparts (O’Shaughnessy, SABCS 2003). Tween 80 also strongly inhibited the binding of the taxane, paclitaxel, to albumin, possibly compromising albumin based drug transport via the gp60 receptor on microvessel endothelial cells (Desai, EORTC-NCI-AACR, 2004). Herein, we compared the toxicity and antitumor efficacy of Tween-028 vs a 50% higher dose of nab-028. Methods: Nanoparticle nab-028 was prepared using nab technology and characterized by laser light scattering. Nab-028 and Tween-028 were tested against Pgp+ DLD-1 (known to be resistant against paclitaxel and docetaxel - Vredenburg et al, JNCI 93: 1234-1245, 2001) human colon carcinoma xenograft in nude mice (n=5/group) at doses of 50 mg/kg (Tween-028, previously established as MTD) and 75 mg/kg (nab-028) given q3dx4, i.v. Control groups of PBS and human serum albumin (HSA) were also used. Results: Nab-028 yielded nanoparticles with mean size, ZAve=119 nm and Zeta potential = -32.7 mV. Nab-028 was lyophilized to a dry powder that easily dispersed in saline. In vivo, there was significantly more weight loss (ANOVA, p
Reinforcement Learning-Based Control of CrazyFlie 2.X Quadrotor (2023)

The objective of the project is to explore synergies between classical control algorithms such as PID and contemporary reinforcement learning algorithms to come up with a pragmatic control mechanism to control the CrazyFlie 2.X quadrotor. The primary objective would be performing PID tuning using reinforcement learning strategies. The secondary objective is to leverage the learnings from the first task to implement control for navigation by integrating with the lighthouse positioning system. Two approaches are considered for navigation, a discrete navigation problem using Deep Q-Learning with finite predefined motion primitives, and deep reinforcement learning for a continuous navigation approach. Simulations for RL training will be performed on gym-pybullet-drones, an open-source gym-based environment for reinforcement learning, and the RL implementations are provided by stable-baselines3
Microscopic origin of large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in an FeIr/MgO system (2019)

The FeIr/MgO multilayer system was found to exhibit large interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effects. We herein report the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy of both the Fe and Ir absorption edges in the FeIr/MgO system. Although Ir insertion at the Fe/MgO interface increased the PMA energy in the system, the orbital magnetic-moment anisotropy of Fe remained approximately constant. We found significant anisotropy in the orbital magnetic moment but not in the magnetic-dipole ${T}_{\mathrm{z}}$ term in the Ir atoms. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the large PMA of FeIr/MgO originates from second-order perturbation of the spin-orbit interaction energy of Ir. Moreover, the energy mainly originates from the spin-conserved virtual excitation process terms from the majority-spin bands of the Ir atoms located in the second atomic layer from MgO.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra of VX and its Hydrolysis Products (2005)

Detection of chemical agents as poisons in water supplies not only requires microg/L sensitivity, but also requires the ability to distinguish their hydrolysis products. We have been investigating the ability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect chemical agents at these concentrations. Here we expand these studies and present the SERS spectra of the nerve agent VX (ethyl S-2-diisopropylamino ethyl methylphosphonothioate) and its hydrolysis products, ethyl S-2-diisopropylamino methylphosphonothioate, 2(diisopropylamino) ethanethiol, ethyl methylphosphonic acid, and methylphosphonic acid. Vibrational mode assignments for the observed SERS peaks are also provided. Overall, each of these chemicals produces a series of peaks between 450 and 900 cm(-1) that are sufficiently unique to allow identification. SERS measurements were performed in silver-doped sol-gel-filled capillaries that are being developed as part of an extractive point sensor.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Activity Studies of 6‐(Tetrazolylalkyl)‐Substituted Decahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid AMPA Receptor Antagonists. Part 1. Effects of Stereochemistry, Chain Length, and Chain Substitution. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Exploration Strategy Improves the Diversity of de novo Ligands Using Deep Reinforcement Learning – A Case for the Adenosine A2A Receptor (2018)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the last five years deep learning has progressed tremendously in both image recognition and natural language processing. Now it is increasingly applied to other data rich fields. In drug discovery, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been shown to be an effective method to generate novel chemical structures in the form of SMILES. However, ligands generated by current methods have so far provided relatively low diversity and do not fully cover the whole chemical space occupied by known ligands. Here, we propose a new method (DrugEx) to discover &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; drug-like molecules. DrugEx is an RNN model (generator) trained through reinforcement learning which was integrated with a special exploration strategy. As a case study we applied our method to design ligands against the adenosine A&lt;sub&gt;2A&lt;/sub&gt; receptor. From ChEMBL data, a machine learning model (predictor) was created to predict whether generated molecules are active or not. Based on this predictor as the reward function, the generator was trained by reinforcement learning without any further data. We then compared the performance of our method with two previously published methods, REINVENT and ORGANIC. We found that candidate molecules our model designed, and predicted to be active, had a larger chemical diversity, and better covered the chemical space of known ligands compared to the state-of-the-art.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
The Protein Corona as a Confounding Variable of Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Vaccine Delivery (2018)

Nanocarriers (NC) are very promising tools for cancer immunotherapy. Whereas conventional vaccines are based on the administration of an antigen and an adjuvant in an independent fashion, nanovaccines can facilitate cell-specific co-delivery of antigen and adjuvant. Furthermore, nanovaccines can be decorated on their surface with molecules that facilitate target-specific antigen delivery to certain antigen-presenting cell types or tumor cells. However, the target cell-specific uptake of nanovaccines is highly dependent on the modifications of the nanocarrier itself. One of these is the formation of a protein corona around NC after <i>in vivo</i> administration, which may potently affect cell-specific targeting and uptake of the NC. Understanding the formation and composition of the protein corona is, therefore, of major importance for the use of nanocarriers in vaccine approaches. This Mini Review will give a short overview of potential non-specific interactions of NC with body fluids or cell surfaces that need to be considered for the design of NC vaccines for immunotherapy of cancer.
Hydrolysis of Glycosidically Bound Volatiles from Apple Leaves (Cv. Anna) byAspergillus nigerβ-Glucosidase Affects the Behavior of Codling Moth (Cydia pomonellaL.) (2004)

Glycosidically bound volatiles released from apple leaf extracts (cv. Anna) were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and their behavioral effects on codling moth (CM) adults were evaluated in cage bioassays. The levels of 1-octanol, linalool, geraniol, benzyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, (2R,5R)-theaspirane, and (2S,5R)-theaspirane were significantly increased in the leaf extracts containing the Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase (BGL1) compared to the extracts containing the glucoimidazole. The attractiveness of individual compounds to CM adults was found in the following decreasing order: methyl salicylate and mixture of two theaspirane isomers, followed by linalool and benzyl alcohol. Geraniol was found to be repellent to CM adults. The addition of geraniol (39.4 ng mL(-1)) to any of the individual volatiles or to a mixture of these attractants eliminated their attractiveness. Our data suggest the possible application of geraniol as a repellent and methyl salicylate or theaspiranes as attractants for the integrated control of CM in apple orchards.
A Grip Study for Talk and Data Modes in Mobile Phones (2008)

Udgivelsesdato: 2008
Nickel ferrite nanoparticles–hydrogen peroxide: a green catalyst-oxidant combination in chemoselective oxidation of thiols to disulfides and sulfides to sulfoxides (2014)

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles–hydrogen peroxide has been demonstrated for the first time as a green and efficient catalyst-oxidant combination in the chemoselective oxidation of thiols to disulfides and sulfides to sulfoxides. This magnetically separable catalyst was found to be reusable for five consecutive runs without appreciable change in the activity, as well as composition of the catalyst. The mechanism for the oxidation of thiols and sulfides has also been proposed.
Zhu Yao's Viewpoint of Gu Fu (2005)

Zhu Yao's gu fu was lyric rhyme prose that possesses the feature of poetic prose in Pre-Qing Dynasty and that of two Han dynasties.Imitating both Li and Sao Han fu and basing his discussion on emotions are the fundamental viewpoints of Zhu Yao's gufu study.His studies of gufu clearly show his intention that poetry should have the function of educating and moving hu- man beings and that poetry education should be combined with guru education.His intention reflects the intellectuals'hope that the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty would practise Confucianism,and their indignation at being treated with coldness and discrimina- tion by rulers in the Yuan Dynasty.
VIPR-PCB (2022)

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) form an integral part of the electronics life cycle by providing mechanical support and electrical connections to microchips and discrete electronic components. PCBs follow a similar life cycle as microchips and are vulnerable to similar assurance issues. Malicious design alterations, i.e., hardware Trojan attacks, have emerged as a major threat to PCB assurance. Board-level Trojans are extremely challenging to detect due to (1) the lack of golden or reference models in most use cases, (2) potentially unbounded attack space, and (3) the growing complexity of commercial PCB designs. Existing PCB inspection techniques (e.g., optical and electrical) do not scale to large volume and are expensive, time-consuming, and often not reliable in covering diverse Trojan space. To address these issues, in this paper, we present VIPR-PCB, a board-level Trojan detection framework that employs a machine learning (ML) model to learn Trojan signatures in functional and structural space and uses a trained model to discover Trojans in suspect PCB designs with high fidelity. Using extensive evaluation with 10 open-source PCB designs and a wide variety of Trojan instances, we demonstrate that VIPR-PCB can achieve over 98% accuracy and is even capable of detecting Trojans in partially-recovered PCB designs.
New Insights into the Prediction of Capillary Pressure from Resistivity Measurements (2013)

Abstract Capillary pressure and other special core properties are usually determined using the laboratory analysis of the reservoir cores. The determination of the capillary pressure in the laboratory depends on several factors such conditioning the laboratory to the reservoir conditions. The actual simulation of the reservoir conditions could be difficult in certain situations because transferring the cores from the reservoir to the surface this will cause changes in the pore geometry and fluid compositions. The capillary pressure was determined using different correlations that based on the water saturation and lithology factor for specific formations. In this study, a new method will be introduced to determine the capillary pressure from the resistivity log measurements. Resistivity logs that will be used are: Deep Induction Log (ILD), Medium Induction Log (ILM) and Micro- Spherical Focused Log (MSFL). The actual log measurements from the downhole will be used to determine the capillary pressure profile in the transition zone versus water saturation. Moreover, this method also can be used to predict the initial condition of the wettability in the reservoir. Lithology and porosity logs also will be used to help in determination the clean and shaly formation, water saturation, and the selected zones permeability, therefore, the effect of shale on the capillary pressure profile can be investigated. Predicting the capillary pressure profile from the resistivity data proved to be a very good technique in characterizing the reservoir. The capillary pressure profile can be determined for the actual formation conditions downhole without the need to do laboratory tests which at the end will not give accurate profile measurements. The predicted capillary pressure matched the measured capillary pressure in the laboratory at medium permeability range (100-250 md) in carbonate reservoirs and low permeability range in sandstone reservoirs (less than 60 md).