gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roughness determination of ultra thin multilayer coatings in cross-section images with poor SNR using edge localization (2009)

The interface roughness of multilayer coatings consisting of ultra thin alternating layers strongly influences the optical properties of dielectric mirrors. However, the technical possibilities for its characterization are limited. In this paper a new method for roughness determination of multilayer systems based on cross-section images is introduced. The core of the method is a new edge localization algorithm which is very robust even in the case of very low signal to noise ratio below three. Accuracy analysis is given and results are presented.
Left ventricular vortex formation is unaffected by diastolic impairment (2012)

Normal left ventricular (LV) filling occurs rapidly early in diastole caused by a progressive pressure gradient within the ventricle and with a low left atrial pressure. This normal diastolic function is altered in patients with heart failure. Such impairment of diastolic filling is manifested as an abrupt deceleration of the early filling wave velocity. Although variations within the early filling wave have been observed previously, the underlying hydrodynamic mechanisms are not well understood. Previously, it was proposed that the mitral annulus vortex ring formation time was the total duration of early diastolic filling and provided a measure of the efficiency of diastolic filling. However, we found that the favorable LV pressure difference driving early diastolic filling becomes zero simultaneously with the deceleration of the early filling wave propagation velocity and pinch-off of the LV vortex ring. Thus we calculated the vortex ring formation time using the duration of the early diastolic filling wave from its initiation to the time of the early filling wave propagation velocity deceleration when pinch-off occurs. This formation time does not vary with decreasing intraventricular pressure difference or with degree of diastolic dysfunction. Thus we conclude the vortex ring pinch-off occurs before the completion of early diastole, and its formation time remains invariant to changes of diastolic function.
Ferromagnetic instability of interlayer floating electrons in the quasi-two-dimensional electrideY2C (2015)

Ab initio electronic structure calculations show that the recently identified quasi-two-dimensional electride ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ is a weak itinerant ferromagnet or is at least close to a ferromagnetic instability. The ferromagnetism is induced by the electride electrons, which are loosely bound around interstitial sites and overlap with each other to form two-dimensional interlayer conduction bands. The semimetallicity and two-dimensionality of the band structure are the keys to understanding this ferromagnetic instability.
Treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (2006)

The current results begin the process of defining an appropriate role for cytokines, newer targeted therapies, and surgery in the treatment of MRCC.
Training on severely degraded text-line images (2004)

We show that document image decoding (DID) supervised training algorithms, as a result of recent refinements, achieve high accuracy with low manual effort even under conditions of severe image degradation in both training and test data. We describe improvements in DID training of character template, set-width, and channel (noise) models. Large-scale experimental trials, using synthetically degraded images of text, have established two new and practically important advantages of DID algorithms: 1) high accuracy (> 99% characters correct) in decoding using models trained on even severely degraded images from the same distribution; and 2) greatly improved accuracy (< 1/10 the error rate) across a wide range of image degradations compared to untrained (idealized) models. This ability to train reliably on low-quality images that suffer from massive fragmentation and merging of characters, without the need for manual segmentation and labeling of character images, significantly reduces the manual effort of DID training.
The genetic basis of male infertility (2009)

It is estimated that about 30–40% of couples seeking fertility treatments are diagnosed with male factor infertility. The identification and classification of male infertility still relies on the results of the semen analysis, obtained on at least two separate occasions, and reported according to standard reference values set out by the World Health Organization (1992). Infertile males can be affected by azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia or by any combination of any of these. Once a man is diagnosed as infertile or subfertile, he is usually referred to a reproductive specialist (andrologist or urologist) for evaluation. Today, even the most comprehensive work-up (which includes a detailed history and physical examination, hormonal and immunological assays, ultrasound or Doppler studies and genetic testing) may fail to detect the aetiology responsible for the reproductive disorder in about 60% of the cases. Lately, however, advances in molecular biology and molecular genetics are improving our understanding of many forms of male infertility previously classified as idiopathic. These discoveries are important for many reasons. First, with the use of assisted-reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it is possible to offer reproductive hope to men once considered to be irreversibly sterile; however, in these instances, if genetic anomalies (mendelian and chromosomal disorders) are the cause of their infertility, then there is an increased risk of transmitting the genetic defects to future generations.
Oxidkeramische Schichten auf Aluminium- und Titanlegierungen. Oberflächenschutz von Leichtmetallen durch Laserstrahlbeschichtung (1999)

S.203-208 : Ill., Lit.
Label-free single-molecule all-optical sensor (2008)

Recently, quality factors greater than 100 million were demonstrated using planar arrays of silica microtoroid resonators. These high Q factors allow the toroidal resonators to perform very sensitive detection experiments. By functionalizing the silica surface of the toroid with biotin, the toroidal resonators become both specific and sensitive detectors for Streptavidin. One application of this sensor is performing detection in lysates. To mimic this type of environment, additional solutions of Streptavidin were prepared which also contained high concentrations (nM and &mu;M) of tryptophan.
Effects of diazoxide, benzothiadiazine and benzopyrane derivatives on mitochondrial proton and electron leaks of cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cell line). (2013)

Background: Mitochondria are double membrane- organelles that play a central role in cellular metabolism, calcium homeostasis and redox signaling. They have been also considered as main producers of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In many cancer cells those organelles become dysfunctional leading to a shift of energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to active glycolysis and an increase of ROS generation. According to Warberg’ theory, cancer damage might occur at the mitochondrial level, affecting tiny structures within each cell implicated in the energy production through ATP. New insight is that mitochondria might be a good therapeutic target for metabolic syndromes, ischemia/reperfusion injury and organs transplantation. Therefore, search for novel molecules able to keep mitochondria functional are of relevant interest. Methodology: Cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells) were from ATCC (USA) and grown till confluence. The basal cellular respiratory rate, proton and electron leaks as well as ATP production were measured with the High Resolution Oxygraphy (Oroboros, Austria). All compounds: diazoxide (DIAZ), diazoxide –related analogs (1: BPDZ-259, 2: BPDZ-444), and benzopyran derivatives (3: BPDZ-490, 4: BPDZ-711) were tested at final concentration of 10-5 M, except when specified and compared to control samples (cells with or without DMSO). Results and conclusion: The basal respiratory rate of H9C2 cells (5x106/mL) was changed depending on the chemical structure of the tested compounds: e.g. compound 3 strongly enhanced the routine respiration, while 4 displayed a marked lowering effect. In contrast, the addition of similar concentration of benzothiadiazin derivatives (1, 2) had no effect on routine respiration but also on the other respiratory parameters such as oligomycin-induced leak and ATP production. Similar profile was obtained with the reference molecule: diazoxide. Overall, our findings indicate that both diazoxide-like analogues (1 and 2) and diazoxide were without significant effect on basal respiration, ATP production, even on maximal respiration. Interestingly, two derivatives show opposite effects: compound 3 behaves as a uncoupling agent and the other one (4) exhibits a real lowering effect on respiration but that was reversible. The latter effect might be of interest if this kind of molecules could be used for further use as an agent for organ conservation during transplantation. Our results also demonstrate that diazoxide, a well-known Mito-KATP opener, did not exert its effect beside of clinical situation like ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Vascular access for continuous renal replacement therapy (2009)

Abstract Chapter 11 discusses vascular access for CRRT, including catheter type, access site and implementation, and complications.
Cell Variability Impact on the One-Selector One-Resistor Cross-Point Array Performance (2015)

This paper investigates the impact of cell variability on the read performance of the one-selector one-resistor (1S1R) cross-point array. A variability-aware array-sizing analysis methodology is introduced, considering three independent variability sources, namely, the data pattern randomness, the selector variability, and the resistive switching element (RSE) variability. By analyzing the impact of each variability factor separately, we show that the data pattern randomness is not an important contributor for the read margin (RM) degradation. While the intrinsic RSE variability reflected in the narrowing of the ON/OFF RSE window degrades the RM, the selector variability adds to this further, mainly affecting the ON-state readout current, and causing extra RM degradation. To accommodate cell variability and guarantee acceptable read performance, additional cell performance margin is required. The 1S1R requirements are extrapolated for 1-Mb array, assuming variability-affected cells. It is found that, with a typical selector variability, a minimal RSE window of 5 and a selector half-bias nonlinearity of ~8000 are required to achieve at least 10% RM.
Photonic nanojet generation under converging and diverging beams (2020)

In practical applications of the photonic nanojet (PNJ), a microscope objective can be used to illuminate a microsphere. Under such conditions, it is difficult to determine the absolute position of the sphere with respect to the focal point of the incident beam. A small change in the axial position of the sphere can change the form of the incident wavefront from diverging to converging and will significantly influence the evolution of PNJ. In our paper, we report a systematic study of the PNJ properties, including the effective focal length and the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) by changing the source curvature. We treat the cases of diverging and converging wavefronts with different NAs (from 0.1 to 0.8) and sphere diameters (from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>33</mml:mn> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> ). We demonstrate that for a diverging source curvature, the effective focal length and FWHM of the PNJ increase as a function source NA for all the sphere diameters. By further increase of the source NA, for a NA of 0.8, the PNJ can be found only for sphere diameters less than <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>16</mml:mn> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> (refractive index <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn> </mml:math> ). At larger diameters, the microsphere behaves like a diffractive–refractive lens, collimating the light and showing aberrations. For the converging source, the effective focal length and FWHM tend to decrease as a function of source NA, the PNJ localizing inside the sphere for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> </mml:math> . Also, the PNJ shows similar behavior with respect to the NA of a converging source and sphere refractive index under plane wave illumination. Finally, we compare our theoretical 2D simulation results with 3D sphere geometries for diameters of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>8.3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> ; we find similar behavior for converging and diverging source wavefront curvatures.
Analysis on Tripolar Pad for Inductive Power Transfer systems (2016)

Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems have been proposed as a promising solution for charging electric vehicles (EVs). The design of magnetic structures is an important aspect of IPT systems to maximise power transfer capability and minimise leakage magnetic field. This paper investigates a recently proposed Tripolar Pad (TPP), to show how different coil and ferrite shapes impact the power transfer capability and leakage magnetic field of this particular IPT system in comparison to a conventional circular/square pad (CP). The simulation findings are validated using a prototype TPP and CP in the laboratory.
Heterogeneously integrated program voltage generator for 1.0V operation NAND flash with best mix & match of standard CMOS process and NAND flash process (2016)

For 1.0V operation NAND flash memory, heterogeneously integrated voltage generator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed 2-stage boost converter uses high voltage (HV) transistors of standard CMOS process as the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> stage and HV transistors of NAND flash process as the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> stage. The intermediate load capacitance is adaptively adjusted according to the number of NAND flash chips operating simultaneously. As a result, 89% ramp-up time decrease and about 15% chip cost reduction is achieved.
Continuous respirable mine dust monitor development (1996)

In June 1992, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) published the Report of the Coal Mine Respirable Dust Task Group, Review of the Program to Control Respirable Coal Mine Dust in the United States. As one of its recommendations, the report called for the accelerated development of two mine dust monitors: (1) a fixed-site monitor capable of providing continuous information on dust levels to the miner, mine operator, and to MSHA, if necessary, and (2) a personal sampling device capable of providing both a short-term personal exposure measurement as well as a full-shift measurement. In response to this recommendation, the U.S. Bureau of Mines initiated the development of a fixed-site machine-mounted continuous respirable dust monitor. The technology chosen for monitor development is the Rupprecht and Patashnick Co., Inc. tapered element oscillating microbalance. Laboratory and in-mine tests have indicated that, with modification, this sensor can meet the humidity and vibration requirements for underground coal mine use. The U.S. Department of Energy Pittsburgh Research Center (DOE-PRC) is continuing that effort by developing prototypes of a continuous dust monitor based on this technology. These prototypes are being evaluated in underground coal mines as they become available. This effort, conducted as a jointmore » venture with MSHA, is nearing completion with every promise of success.« less
AGO-Net: Association-Guided 3D Point Cloud Object Detection Network (2021)

The human brain can effortlessly recognize and localize objects, whereas current 3D object detection methods based on LiDAR point clouds still report inferior performance for detecting occluded and distant objects: The point cloud appearance varies greatly due to occlusion, and has inherent variance in point densities along the distance to sensors. Therefore, designing feature representations robust to such point clouds is critical. Inspired by human associative recognition, we propose a novel 3D detection framework that associates intact features for objects via domain adaptation. We bridge the gap between the perceptual domain, where features are derived from real scenes with sub-optimal representations, and the conceptual domain, where features are extracted from augmented scenes that consist of non-occlusion objects with rich detailed information. A feasible method is investigated to construct conceptual scenes without external datasets. We further introduce an attention-based re-weighting module that adaptively strengthens the feature adaptation of more informative regions. The network's feature enhancement ability is exploited without introducing extra cost during inference, which is plug-and-play in various 3D detection frameworks. We achieve new state-of-the-art performance on the KITTI 3D detection benchmark in both accuracy and speed. Experiments on nuScenes and Waymo datasets also validate the versatility of our method.
Performance Evaluation of Closed-loop Industrial Applications Over Imperfect Networks (2019)

5G networks provide technology enablers targeting industrial applications. One key enabler is the Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). This paper studies the performance impact of network delay on closed-loop control for industrial applications. We investigate the performance of the closed-loop control of an UR5 industrial robot arm assuming fix delay. The goal is to stress the system at the upper limit of the possible network delay. We prove that to achieve the maximum speed, URLLC is a must have.
Metal–Ligand‐Containing Polymers: Terpyridine as the Supramolecular Unit (2010)

New and interesting properties can be obtained from macromolecular architectures functionalized with supramolecular moieties, particularly metal-ligand complexes. Self-assembly, based on the selective control of noncovalent interactions, guides the creation of hierarchically ordered materials providing access to novel structures and new properties. This field has expanded significantly in the last two decades, and one of the most ubiquitous functionalities is terpyridine. Despite its wide-spread use, much basic knowledge regarding the binding of terpyridine with metal ions remains unknown. Here, the binding constants of PEG-substituted terpyridine in relation to other literature reports are studied and a few examples of supramolecular materials from our laboratory are summarized.
Novel Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist Induces Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibition and Synergistic Antitumor Activity with EGFR Inhibitors (2006)

IMO interferes with EGFR-related signaling and angiogenesis and has a synergistic antitumor effect with EGFR inhibitors, especially with cetuximab, boosting both the EGFR dependent and independent activity of this agent. Moreover, this therapeutic strategy could be translated in patients affected by colorectal cancer.
A Reconfigurable 50-Mb/s-1 Gb/s Pulse Compression Radar Signal Processor With Offset Calibration in 90-nm CMOS (2014)

This paper presents a reconfigurable mixed-signal-processing circuit for high-speed pulse compression radar (PCR). Mixed-signal design techniques incorporate calibration and adaptation to improve the performance of a PCR receiver. Adaptive bandwidth PCR is an important feature for maximizing the dynamic range of a low-power radar system. The baseband signal processor includes a variable gain amplifier, 4-bit digital-to-analog converter, high-speed analog correlator, passive integrator, a 4-bit flash analog-to-digital converter, and a multi-range delay-locked loop. This proposed system is fabricated in 90-nm CMOS and can be configured to work from 50 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s with 2/3/5/7-bit Barker codes. The proposed calibration techniques improve the sidelobe reduction to 15.6 dB at 1 Gb/s. The total power consumption is 42 mW at the peak rate of 1 Gb/s for 15-cm range resolution.
P093 IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS AT RISK OF SUBTHERAPEUTIC DRUG EXPOSURE PRIOR TO INITIATION OF CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE (2020)

Abstract Background Certolizumab pegol (CZP) is effective treatment for moderately-to-severely active Crohn’s disease (CD)1, 2 at approved subcutaneous doses of 400 mg on weeks 0, 2 and 4 (induction) and every 4 weeks thereafter (maintenance). Prior research has demonstrated a relationship between CZP drug exposure and outcomes, with higher plasma CZP concentrations during induction and maintenance therapy associated with more favorable clinical, endoscopic and biologic (C-reactive protein [CRP], fecal calprotectin [FC]) disease outcomes.3 Increased drug clearance is the driver of subtherapeutic CZP concentrations, although the identification of patients at risk for accelerated clearance prior to therapy initiation has not previously been possible. Methods A population pharmacokinetic model4 was used to estimate baseline CZP clearance (i.e., at the time of therapy initiation) using baseline clinical variables (i.e., gender, body weight, albumin and CRP concentration) available from patients with CD previously included in nine randomized, controlled, phase 2 and 3 trials (N=2157). Baseline CZP clearance was compared between patients who achieved observed Week 6 CZP plasma concentrations previously associated with meaningful clinical (&amp;gt;36 μg/mL for Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] ≤ 150), biologic (&amp;gt;44 μg/mL for FC ≤ 250 μg/g) and composite clinical and biologic (&amp;gt;48 μg/mL for CDAI ≤ 150 and FC ≤ 250 μg/g) outcomes at Week 6. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified baseline CZP clearance thresholds associated with effective CZP concentrations at Week 6. Results Baseline CZP clearance was significantly higher in patients not achieving effective Week 6 CZP plasma concentration thresholds of 36 μg/mL, 44 μg/mL and 48 μg/mL compared to patients who achieved these thresholds (Figure 1; p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all comparisons). Baseline CZP CL of ≥ 0.5 L/day was associated with subtherapeutic observed Week 6 CZP plasma concentrations. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and area under the concentration curves for the association between baseline CZP clearance and observed Week 6 CZP concentration thresholds are shown in Table 1. Conclusion Patients with CD who have accelerated baseline CZP clearance are at risk of subtherapeutic CZP concentrations. Clearance can be calculated using baseline clinical variables and would allow for identification of patients for whom therapeutic CZP concentrations may be achieved with current approved dosing. Implementing therapeutic drug monitoring may increase the likelihood of achieving therapeutic drug exposure during induction as well as treatment success. References