gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic multipath and beamforming clutter reduction: a chirp model approach (2014)

In vivo ultrasonic imaging with transducer arrays suffers from image degradation resulting from beamforming limitations, including diffraction-limited beamforming and beamforming degradation caused by tissue inhomogeneity. Additionally, based on recent studies, multipath scattering also causes significant image degradation. To reduce degradation from both sources, we propose a model-based signal decomposition scheme. The proposed algorithm identifies spatial frequency signatures to decompose received wavefronts into their most significant scattering sources. Scattering sources originating from a region of interest are used to reconstruct decluttered wavefronts, which are beamformed into decluttered RF scan lines or A-lines. To test the algorithm, ultrasound system channel data were acquired during liver scans from 8 patients. Multiple data sets were acquired from each patient, with 55 total data sets, 43 of which had identifiable hypoechoic regions on normal B-mode images. The data sets with identifiable hypoechoic regions were analyzed. The results show the decluttered B-mode images have an average improvement in contrast over normal images of 7.3 ± 4.6 dB. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) changed little on average between normal and decluttered Bmode, -0.4 ± 5.9 dB. The in vivo speckle SNR decreased; the change was -0.65 ± 0.28. Phantom speckle SNR also decreased, but only by -0.40 ± 0.03.
<title>Technical approaches for efficient high-precision nucleic acid analysis using DNA microarrays</title> (2002)

Microarray measurements offer the potential to compare the abundances of numerous nucleic acid sequences in parallel. Using linker-adapter PCR products from mapped BAC clones we have made arrays that permit scanning the human genome for single copy gains and losses of DNA sequence, which requires reliable detection of 50 percent changes. The DNA is printed at high concentration on amino-silane or chromium coated surface using a custom-built capillary pin printing system. Spots are printed on 130 micrometers centers or closer to minimize the size of the arrays. Hybridization occurs in a dextran sulfate/formamide buffer at 37 degrees C, using slow rocking to mix the reaction. The entire array is imaged in a single CCD frame using a custom built system that employs mercury arc illumination. Up to four fluorochromes can be imaged from a single array with adequate spectral separation. Typically we use DAPI to stain the DNA in the array spots to facilitate automatic image segmentation during analysis, and fluorescein, Cy3, and Cy5 or their spectral equivalents, for labeling specimen nucleic acids. Array spots are segmented and quantitative fluorescence intensities and intensity ratios are automatically calculated in &lt; 1 minute per approximately 8000 element array using the custom software UCSF SPOT.
Higher CD4+T Cell Counts Associated with Low ViralpolReplication Capacity among Treatment‐Naive Adults in Early HIV‐1 Infection (2004)

Viral pol RC may influence HIV-1 disease progression by affecting the amount and tissue distribution of viral replication. The pol RC value of 43% may represent a threshold below which HIV-1 has lowered virulence and is less able to deplete CD4(+) T cell counts.
Interfacial Activity of Poly[oligo(ethylene oxide)–monomethyl ether methacrylate]-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles (2015)

The interfacial behavior of water-soluble poly[oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether methacrylate], grafted from 15-nm-diameter silica nanoparticles using a living atom-transfer radical polymerization technique, was examined for hexane and water interfaces. The polymer-grafted nanoparticles reduced the hexane–water interfacial tension from ∼50 to ∼20 mN/m at concentrations of silica in the range of 1–10 ppm. The hydrodynamic size of the dispersed hybrid nanoparticle, a function of the molecular weight of the polymer and grafting density, was the dominant variable in determining the critical particle concentration and efficacy of the hybrid nanoparticles in reducing the hexane–water interfacial tension. A simple phenomenological model is used to explain the strong dependence of the critical particle concentration on the effective hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles. Water–hexane and water–squalene emulsions formed using 1000 ppm of hybrid nanoparticles were stable for more than 60 days.
Binding force measurement between micro-scale flat surfaces in aqueous environment by force-sensing piezoresistive micro-cantilevers (2005)

This paper describes binding force measurement using force sensing piezoresistive cantilevers, to evaluate binding between micro scale SiO/sub 2/ flat surfaces in an HCl solution for fluidic micro-self-assembly. We measured binding force between a cylindrical microparticle and a substrate by pushing the particle with the cantilever. We successfully measured the binding force in nano-newton order caused by van der Waals' interaction, and revealed that the phenomenon observed in colloid particles occurred similarly in micro scale flat surfaces.
Dietary Zinc Acts as a Sleep Modulator (2017)

While zinc is known to be important for many biological processes in animals at a molecular and physiological level, new evidence indicates that it may also be involved in the regulation of sleep. Recent research has concluded that zinc serum concentration varies with the amount of sleep, while orally administered zinc increases the amount and the quality of sleep in mice and humans. In this review, we provide an exhaustive study of the literature connecting zinc and sleep, and try to evaluate which molecular mechanism is likely to be involved in this phenomenon. A better understanding should provide critical information not only about the way zinc is related to sleep but also about how sleep itself works and what its real function is.
Field and laboratory studies on the bioconversion of coal to methane in the San Juan Basin (2011)

The bioconversion of coal to methane in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, was investigated. Production waters were analyzed via enrichment studies, metabolite-profiling, and culture-independent methods. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated the presence of methanogens potentially capable of acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic, and methylotrophic metabolisms, predominantly belonging to the Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales. Incubations of produced water and coal readily produced methane, but there was no correlation between the thermal maturity and methanogenesis. Coal methanogenesis was greater when samples with a greater richness of Firmicutes were utilized. A greater archaeal diversity was observed in the presence of several aromatic and short-chain fatty acid metabolites. Incubations amended with lactate, hydrogen, formate, and short-chain alcohols produced methane above un-amended controls. Methanogenesis from acetate was not observed. Metabolite profiling showed the widespread occurrence of putative aromatic ring intermediates including benzoate, toluic acids, phthalic acids, and cresols. The detection of saturated and unsaturated alkylsuccinic acids indicated n-alkane and cyclic alkane/alkene metabolism. Microarray analysis complemented observations based on hybridization to functional genes related to the anaerobic metabolism of aromatic and aliphatic substrates. These data suggest that coal methanogenesis is unlikely to be limited by methanogen biomass, but rather the activation and degradation of coal constituents.
Multi-Carrier Agile Phased Array Radar (2020)

Modern radar systems are expected to operate reliably in congested environments. A candidate technology for meeting these demands is frequency agile radar (FAR), which randomly changes its carrier frequencies. FAR is known to improve the electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) performance while facilitating operation in congested setups. To enhance the target recovery performance of FAR in complex electromagnetic environments, we propose two radar schemes extending FAR to multi-carrier waveforms. The first is Wideband Multi-carrier Agile Radar (WMAR), which transmits/receives wideband waveforms simultaneously with every antenna. To mitigate the demanding hardware requirements associated with wideband waveforms used by WMAR, we next propose multi-Carrier AgilE phaSed Array Radar (CAESAR). CAESAR uses narrowband monotone waveforms, thus facilitating ease of implementation of the system, while introducing spatial agility. We characterize the transmitted and received signals of the proposed schemes, and develop an algorithm for recovering the targets, based on concepts from compressed sensing to estimate the range-Doppler parameters of the targets. We then derive conditions which guarantee their accurate reconstruction. Our numerical study demonstrates that both multi-carrier schemes improve performance compared to FAR while maintaining its practical benefits. We also demonstrate that the performance of CAESAR, which uses monotone waveforms, is within a small gap from the wideband radar.
An Aptamer–Doxorubicin Physical Conjugate as a Novel Targeted Drug‐Delivery Platform (2006)

Trojanisches Aptamer: Eine neuartige Strategie für den gezielten Transport von Wirkstoffen zu Krebszellen beruht auf der Bildung eines physikalischen Konjugats (siehe Schema) zwischen Doxorubicin (Dox) und dem A10-RNA-Aptamer, das an das Prostata-spezifische Membranantigen (PSMA) bindet. Das Aptamer-Dox-Konjugat band effizient an PSMA-exprimierende Zellen; dabei wurde das Aptamer in die Zelle aufgenommen und schließlich Dox intrazellulär freigesetzt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z602251_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Safety Evaluation and Legal Aspects (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Flavoring Substances Fragrance Compounds
Stochastic scheduling and control with applications to power system unit commitment. Final report (1985)

The development of analytical tools for the treatment of stochastic scheduling and control problems is the subject of this report. We are primarily concerned with the theory of such problems, especially with the use of optimality conditions called variational inequalities for the treatment of scheduling problems; however, there are two chapters on numerical methods for stochastic scheduling and control. An effective, albeit ad hoc method for unit commitment (generator startup and shutdown) scheduling of electric energy production systems is presented. The method is capable of scheduling the unit commitment, including economic dispatch, of a system of more than 40 power generators with an energy storage facility in a matter of seconds on a standard mini-computer.
A phase II trial to evaluate the combination of pixantrone and obinutuzumab for patients with relapsed aggressive lymphoma: Final results of the prospective, multicentre GOAL trial (2022)

The prognosis of patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains poor with current options. Here we prospectively evaluated the combination of pixantrone with obinutuzumab for up to six cycles for patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL. Overall response rate (ORR) was the primary end-point. Sixty-eight patients were evaluated, median age was 75 years, median number of prior lines was three (range 1-10), 52 patients (76.5%) were diagnosed with DLBCL and 16 (23.5%) patients had transformed indolent lymphoma or follicular lymphoma (FL) IIIB. ORR was 35.3% for all and 40% for evaluable patients (16.6% complete response), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 2.8 months and 8 months, respectively. Analysis of the cell of origin revealed a superior course for patients with non-GCB (germinal centre B-cell-like) phenotype [median OS not reached (n.r.) vs 5.2 months]. Patients with one prior line had an improved outcome over patients treated in later lines (PFS n.r. vs 2.5 months). Disease progression was the main reason for premature termination. Adverse events were mainly haematologic. The combination treatment revealed no unexpected adverse events. Most relevant non-haematologic toxicity was infection in 28% of patients. In summary, pixantrone-obinutuzumab showed clinical activity with sometimes long-term remission; however, the trial failed to meet its primary end-point.
Accuracy Comparison of 4D Computed Tomography (4DCT) and 4D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (4DCBCT) (2017)

The ability of respiratory-correlated fan beam CT (4DCT) and respiratory-correlated cone beam CT (4DCBCT) to accurately estimate tumor volume is critical to accurate dosimetry and treatment verification for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and other motion-managed therapies. However, it is known that 4DCT and 4DCBCT differ in aspects of image acquisition and reconstruction that may lead to discrepancies between the two modalities. To evaluate quantitative differences between 4DCT and 4DCBCT imaging under respiratory motion, we performed a phantom study in the ground truth setting. A programmable respiratory motion phantom was used to simulate the 1D S-I position of a known-size lesion. Ten sinusoidal and twenty patient-specific breathing waveforms were applied to drive lesion motion during the 4DCT and 4DCBCT acquisitions. The difference in lesion volume acquired between the two imaging modalities was as high as 34.4% and 18.4% for sinusoidal and patient-specific breathing motions, respectively. When compared to the true volume, 4DCT measurement often underestimated the lesion size whereas 4DCBCT overestimated the lesion volume in most of the cases. 4DCBCT gave more accurate recovery of the volume than 4DCT for most settings tested in this study. These findings may be helpful for improving the definition of internal target and planning target volume margins, and extracting quantitative information from on-board treatment verification imaging.
Asymmetric Bifunctional Catalysis Using Heterobimetallic and Multimetallic Systems in Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Reactions (2010)

Asymmetric Bifunctional Catalysis Using Heterobimetallic and Multimetallic Systems in Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Reactions
Ga–Ni supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS) for selective ethylene oligomerization (2021)

Non-precious metal supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions exhibit attractive performance in ethylene oligomerization. It is found for the Ga-Ni system on silica that the performance depends strongly on the applied Ga/Ni ratio. Ga-rich systems forming liquid alloys exhibit a far higher Ni-based catalytic activity than solid intermetallic compounds or Ni nanoparticles.
DemoWiz (2014)

Showing a live software demonstration during a talk can be engaging, but it is often not easy: presenters may struggle with (or worry about) unexpected software crashes and encounter issues such as mismatched screen resolutions or faulty network connectivity. Furthermore, it can be difficult to recall the steps to show while talking and operating the system all at the same time. An alternative is to present with pre-recorded screencast videos. It is, however, challenging to precisely match the narration to the video when using existing video players. We introduce DemoWiz, a video presentation system that provides an increased awareness of upcoming actions through glanceable visualizations. DemoWiz supports better control of timing by overlaying visual cues and enabling lightweight editing. A user study shows that our design significantly improves the presenters' perceived ease of narration and timing compared to a system without visualizations that was similar to a standard playback control. Furthermore, nine (out of ten) participants preferred DemoWiz over the standard playback control with the last expressing no preference.
Relationships between warp-knitted run-in value and process parameters (2016)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between warp-knitted run-in values and process parameters such as yarn fineness, overlapping, underlapping, take-up density, total threading rate, and machine gauge. Run-in values of 52 samples with different process parameters were measured and analyzed in the method of response surface methodology (RSM) and multilayer perception (MLP). The results of RSM analysis show a significant influence of process parameters on warp-knitted run-in. Moreover, a predictive model is proposed base on the RSM, whose average error rate is confirmed to be 5.29%. In addition, the MLP analysis shows the sequence of influencing importance of process parameters form the high to low is underlapping (51.0%), overlapping (28.5%), take-up density (9.6%), machine gauge (4.7%), yarn fineness (4.0%), and total threading rate (2.2%).
Nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation of lithium ions in aqueous solution by NMR and molecular dynamics (2020)

We study the aqueous solvation dynamics of lithium ions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular dynamics, and viscosity measurements. Several relaxation mechanisms are examined to explain the strong increases of spin-lattice relaxation toward high concentrations. The use of both 6Li and 7Li isotopes is helpful to identify the quadrupolar contribution to the relaxation rate. In particular, it is found that the quadrupolar interaction constitutes the strongest contribution above a concentration of ∼10 molal. The next-strongest contribution arises from interactions that scale with the square of the gyromagnetic ratio (mostly the dipolar interaction), and the experimental relaxation rates appear to be fully accounted for when these mechanisms are combined over the concentration range up to the saturation concentration. The study of solvation dynamics, particularly at high concentrations, could be of relevance for electrolyte dynamics in aqueous Li-ion rechargeable batteries.
Two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM) for high resolution imaging of oxygen (2011)

We present a new method for imaging of oxygen in biological samples with micron-scale resolution and threedimensional capability. Our technique combines phosphorescence quenching with multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. It is termed <i>two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy</i> (2PLM). 2PLM is made possible due to specially designed dendritic probes, in which phosphorescence of metalloporphyrins upon two-photon excitation is enhanced by intramolecular Förster-type energy transfer from two-photon antennae chromophores, located in the same probe molecule. Oxygen sensitivity of the probes is regulated by dendritic encapsulation of the core metalloporphyrin, while peripheral PEG groups on the dendrimer isolate the probes from contacts with biological macromolecules (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids etc) in the environment. Instrumentation and resolution of the method are discussed along with approaches to intracellular delivery of the probes. 2PLM was validated in pilot imaging experiments and used to obtain depth-resolved high-resolution oxygen maps in vivo in the brain.
InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 41% concentrator cells using bi-facial epigrowth (2010)

Spire Semiconductor has demonstrated a new bi-facial epigrowth manufacturing process for InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs N/P tandem concentrator cells. NREL has verified 1cm2 cells as 41.0% efficient at 500X, and 5.5mm cells as 41.4% at 334X, AM1.5D, 25C, matching within measurement error the world record efficiency. A lattice-mismatched 0.94eV InGaAs cell is epitaxially grown on the backside of a lightly doped, N-type GaAs wafer, the epiwafer is flipped in the MOCVD reactor glove box, and 1.42eV GaAs and 1.89eV InGaP cells are grown lattice matched on the opposite wafer surface. Cells are then made using only standard III–V process steps. The bi-facial process is an alternative to the inverted metamorphic (IMM) process. It does not use epitaxial liftoff and wafer bonding as in the IMM approach but does require breaking the growth into two parts and flipping the epiwafer, which we believe is an easier task.
Generalizing Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with Neural Networks (2017)

We present a general-purpose method to train Markov chain Monte Carlo kernels, parameterized by deep neural networks, that converge and mix quickly to their target distribution. Our method generalizes Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and is trained to maximize expected squared jumped distance, a proxy for mixing speed. We demonstrate large empirical gains on a collection of simple but challenging distributions, for instance achieving a 106x improvement in effective sample size in one case, and mixing when standard HMC makes no measurable progress in a second. Finally, we show quantitative and qualitative gains on a real-world task: latent-variable generative modeling. We release an open source TensorFlow implementation of the algorithm.
Approach for improving receiver performance in loss-free handovers in DVB-H networks (2005)

DVB-H (digital video broadcasting for handheld) is one of the key technologies that enables new services, such as mobile phone TV, to be used in handhelds. DVB-H enhances mobile features found in the DVB-T standard, enabling new techniques, e.g., loss-free handover. For services such as mobile TV, loss-free handovers must be supported. Different positioning technologies, such as GPS, also play an important role in enhancing today's mobile technologies. The paper proposes a new feature for DVB-H, a new method for signalling cell coverage area, thus improving performance for loss-free handovers. The proposed method is targeted at DVB-H handhelds that have GPS receivers. The benefits of the proposed method for handover and power consumption are evaluated. In addition, its effect on the consumption of bandwidth and receiver memory is estimated.
Phenolic Compounds Isolated from Psoralea corylifolia Inhibit IL-6-induced STAT3 Activation (2012)

Inhibiting interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been postulated as an effective therapy in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. In this study, seven flavonoids were isolated from the methanol extracts of Psoralea corylifolia by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The structures of bakuchiol (1), bavachinin (2), neobavaisoflavone (3), corylifol A (4), corylin (5), isobavachalcon (6), and bavachin (7) were determined by spectroscopic analysis (1H-, 13C- NMR and MS). We demonstrated that compounds 1-7 showed an inhibitory effect on IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in Hep3B cells with IC50 values of 4.57 ± 0.45, 3.02 ± 0.53, 2.77 ± 0.02, 0.81 ± 0.15, 1.37 ± 0.45, 2.45 ± 0.13, and 4.89 ± 0.05 µΜ, respectively. These compounds also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL-6 in Hep3B cells. Overall, several flavonoids from P. corylifolia might be useful remedies for treating inflammatory diseases by inhibiting IL-6-induced STAT3 activation and phosphorylation.