gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of jet vetoes and azimuthal decorrelations in dijet events produced in $$pp$$ p p collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=7\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector (2014)

Additional jet activity in dijet events is measured using [Formula: see text] collisions at ATLAS at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text], for jets reconstructed using the [Formula: see text] algorithm with radius parameter [Formula: see text]. This is done using variables such as the fraction of dijet events without an additional jet in the rapidity interval bounded by the dijet subsystem and correlations between the azimuthal angles of the dijet s. They are presented, both with and without a veto on additional jet activity in the rapidity interval, as a function of the scalar average of the transverse momenta of the dijet s and of the rapidity interval size. The double differential dijet cross section is also measured as a function of the interval size and the azimuthal angle between the dijet s. These variables probe differences in the approach to resummation of large logarithms when performing QCD calculations. The data are compared to powheg, interfaced to the pythia 8 and herwig parton shower generators, as well as to hej with and without interfacing it to the ariadne parton shower generator. None of the theoretical predictions agree with the data across the full phase-space considered; however, powheg+pythia 8 and hej+ariadne are found to provide the best agreement with the data. These measurements use the full data sample collected with the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] collisions at the LHC and correspond to integrated luminosities of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for data collected during 2010 and 2011, respectively.
Predictions of New Crystalline States for Assemblies of Nanoparticles:  Perovskite Analogues and 3-D Arrays of Self-Assembled Nanowires (2003)

A genetic search algorithm for optimizing the packing density of self-assembled multicomponent crystals of nanoparticles predicts several new structures with stoichiometries of AB (fused spheres), ABC2, ABC3, ABC4 and AB2C2. These new structures have hierarchical layered or linear arrangements that could be useful for functional self-assembled systems. For example, the fused-sphere binary crystal assembles with zigzag rows of parallel nanowires. The genetic search suceeds while a comparable stochastic algorithm fails to find any structures better than the well-known unary or binary phase-separated systems.
Quantum mechanical features of optically pumped CW FIR lasers (1977)

Quantum mechanical predictions for the gain of an optically pumped CW FIR laser are presented for cases in which one or both of the pump and FIR transitions are pressure or Doppler broadened. The results are compared to those based on the rate equation model. Some of the quantum mechanical predictions are verified in CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> OH.
Distinct Structural and Functional Roles of Conserved Residues in the First Extracellular Domain of Receptors for Corticotropin-releasing Factor and Related G-protein-coupled Receptors (2007)

The G-protein-coupled receptor B1 family includes corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), growth hormone-releasing hormone, incretin, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptors. The three-dimensional NMR structure of the first extracellular domain (ECD1) of CRF receptor 2beta (CRF-R2beta), free and complexed with astressin, comprises a Sushi domain. This domain is stabilized in part by a salt bridge between Asp(65) and Arg(101). Analogous residues are conserved in other members of the B1 family. To address the importance of the salt bridge residues within this receptor family, we studied the effects of mutating the residues in full-length CRF-R2beta and isolated ECD1. Mutation D65A or D65R/R101D resulted in loss of the canonical disulfide arrangement, whereas R101A retained the Cys(4)-Cys(6) disulfide bond. The mutations resulted in misfolding within the ECD1 as determined by NMR and 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate binding but did not prevent cell surface expression. The D65A mutation in CRF-R2beta greatly reduced binding and activation, but the R101A substitution had only a small effect. Similar effects were seen on astressin binding to the ECD1. The different interactions of Asp(65) and Arg(101), deduced from the three-dimensional structure of the complex, are consistent with the differential effects seen in the mutants. The reduction in binding of Asp(65) mutants is a consequence of a distinct Asp(65)-Trp(71) interaction, which stabilizes the ligand-binding loop. Hence, loss of the salt bridge leads to disruption of the overall fold but does not abolish function. Because homologous mutations in other B1 receptors produce similar effects, these conserved residues may play similar roles in the entire receptor family.
Development of support systems for pathology using spectral transmittance: the quantification method of stain conditions (2002)

In pathological diagnosis, a tissue sample is usually observed under a microscope after the tissue has been stained, but the stain conditions and the characteristics of observation devices vary depending on hospitals. That makes objective or quantitative diagnosis to be more difficult. This paper proposes the method for quantification of stain conditions from microscopic image obtained as transmittance spectra that is independent of observation devices. In the proposed method, Beer-Lambert law is used to obtain the amount of stain color pigments in an arbitrary tissue sample using the absorbance spectra of the stain color pigments. Using the transmittance spectral image, which has been estimated from the signal of multispectral digital camera, we can estimate the feature parameters characterizing the stain conditions. Through the experiment using the Hematoxilyn &amp; Eosin stained tissue samples, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed.
Collision-induced ion-pair formation of CsCl and Cs2Cl2 (1978)

Absolute cross sections have been determined for collision-induced ion-pair formation of cesium chloride (monomers and dimers) from collisions with Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms. The rare gas atoms were aerodynamically accelerated in H2, with maximum energies of 6.8, 12.1, and 18.3 eV (in the laboratory frame), respectively. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry permitted the determination of partial cross sections for each ion channel resulting from the collision. For the monomer, the cross secions for the channel leading to Cs++Cl− were similar in magnitude for the three rare gas atoms and were approximately 3×10−16 cm2 at 3 eV above threshold. The rearrangement ionization channel leading to CsM+ (M=Ar, Kr, and Xe) exhibited a step behavior at threshold followed by a very rapid fall off at higher collision energies. Collisions with the dimers produced both Cs2Cl++Cl− and Cs++CsCl−2 but no detectable ions containing the rare gas atoms. The magnitude of the cross sections for the Cs2Cl+ channel varied significantly with the rare gas although the corresponding thresholds were similar. In the case of CsCl−2, however, the magnitudes of the cross sections were similar, but the thresholds varied. A possible explanation for this difference in behavior is given based on simple dynamical models. The cross sections for each product ion from both the monomer and dimer (except for CsM+) exhibited a power-law rise with increasing energy σ=const× (Etot−E0)n/Erel up to about 1–1.15 eV above threshold, where Etot is the total energy, E0 the threshold energy, and Erel the relative kinetic energy. Values of n and E0 were determined for each system. The threshold for each reaction M+CsCl→M+Cs++Cl− was determined most accurately from the peak in the CsM++Cl− excitation function, which occurs (after energy deconvolution) at the threshold for collision-induced dissociation.
First-order transient response of DC-DC converter with peak current mode control for low-voltage application (2008)

POL with peak current mode control has first-order response depending on the controller design, and the overshoot and undershoot don’t appear in transient response. This feature is the chief advantage of peak current mode control. However, there is no example of the design that employed this feature efficiently. This paper investigates the design consideration for first-order response of peak current mode control in low-voltage application.
TH‐E‐ValB‐07: Blood‐Tumor‐Barrier Permeability Changes in High‐Grade Gliomas During Radiation Therapy Using DCE MRI (2006)

Introduction: Radiation could affect vascular permeability in tumor and normal tissue. A previous study using high‐resolution MR images and a contrast uptake index demonstrated that an increase in contrast uptake in the tumor occurs after 30 Gy and persists up to one month after radiation therapy (RT). This finding suggested that an optimal time window exists to increase the efficiency of drug delivery to tumors. In this study, a quantitative method, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR imaging , was used to assess tumor vascular permeability changes during RT, in order to maximize potential therapeutic benefit. Methods: Twenty patients with high‐grade gliomas who underwent conformal RT participated in a MRI protocol. DCE T2* weighted images were acquired before RT, after ∼30 Gy, and one month after the completion of RT. A transfer constant (K) of Gd‐DTPA from blood to tissue was estimated voxel‐by‐voxel and used as a metric for assessment of vascular permeability. In the tumor volume (TV) defined on FLAIR MRI, statistically significant changes in K after ∼30 Gy and one month after RT were evaluated, compared to before treatment, using a students' t test. Results: An average fractional volume of 29.6% in tumor manifested substantial contrast leakage with K&gt;0.005 min −1 pre RT. In the TV where there was no substantial leakage pre RT, the mean K increased significantly from K=0.0003 min −1 to 0.0073 min −1 after ∼30 Gy (p&lt;0.0005) and to 0.0053 min −1 one month after RT (P&lt;0.003). The fraction of TV that showed substantial contrast leakage significantly increased by 23% after ∼30 Gy (p&lt;0.02), but not one month after RT (p&gt;0.5). Conclusion: DCE MR imaging reveals vascular permeability increases after ∼30Gy in the portion of tumor where leakage is not substantial before RT. This finding suggests that the optimal time to administer chemotherapy is during the course of radiation therapy.
Large-Area Bernal-Stacked Bi-, Tri-, and Tetralayer Graphene (2012)

Few-layer graphene, with Bernal stacking order, is of particular interest to the graphene community because of its unique tunable electronic structure. A synthetic method to produce such large area graphene films with precise thickness from 2 to 4 layers would be ideal for chemists and physicists to explore the promising electronic applications of these materials. Here, large-area uniform Bernal-stacked bi-, tri-, and tetralayer graphene films were successfully synthesized on a Cu surface in selective growth windows, with a finely tuned total pressure and CH(4)/H(2) gas ratio. On the basis of the analyses obtained, the growth mechanism is not an independent homoexpitaxial layer-by-layer growth, but most likely a simultaneous-seeding and self-limiting process.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Immunosuppression by Inducing ROS-Generating Monocytic MDSCs in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2020)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) represent a functionally heterogeneous population of activated fibroblasts that constitutes a major component of tumor stroma. Although CAFs have been shown to promote tumor growth and mediate resistance to chemotherapy, the mechanisms by which they may contribute to immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified a positive correlation between CAF and monocytic myeloid cell abundances in 501 primary LSCCs by mining The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets. We further validated this finding in an independent cohort using imaging mass cytometry and found a significant spatial interaction between CAFs and monocytic myeloid cells in the TME. To delineate the interplay between CAFs and monocytic myeloid cells, we used chemotaxis assays to show that LSCC patient-derived CAFs promoted recruitment of CCR2<sup>+</sup> monocytes via CCL2, which could be reversed by CCR2 inhibition. Using a three-dimensional culture system, we found that CAFs polarized monocytes to adopt a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) phenotype, characterized by robust suppression of autologous CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell proliferation and IFNγ production. We further demonstrated that inhibiting IDO1 and NADPH oxidases, NOX2 and NOX4, restored CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell proliferation by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in CAF-induced MDSCs. Taken together, our study highlights a pivotal role of CAFs in regulating monocyte recruitment and differentiation and demonstrated that CCR2 inhibition and ROS scavenging abrogate the CAF-MDSC axis, illuminating a potential therapeutic path to reversing the CAF-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Direct‐Patterning ZnO Deposition by Atomic‐Layer Additive Manufacturing Using a Safe and Economical Precursor (2023)

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is a bottom-up nanofabrication method delivering single atoms from a molecular precursor. AS-ALD enables self-aligned fabrication and outperforms lithography in terms of cost, resistance, and equipment prerequisites, but it requires pre-patterned substrates and is limited by insufficient selectivity and finite choice of substrates. These challenges are circumvented by direct patterning with atomic-layer additive manufacturing (ALAM) - a transfer of 3D-printing principles to atomic-layer manufacturing where a precursor supply nozzle enables direct patterning instead of blanket coating. The reduced precursor vapor consumption in ALAM as compared with ALD calls for the use of less volatile precursors by replacing diethylzinc used traditionally in ALD with bis(dimethylaminopropyl)zinc, Zn(DMP)<sub>2</sub> . The behavior of this novel ZnO ALAM process follows that of the corresponding ALD in terms of deposit quality and growth characteristics. The temperature window for self-limiting growth of stoichiometric, crystalline material is 200-250 °C. The growth rates are 0.9 Å per cycle in ALD (determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry) and 1.1 Å per pass in ALAM (imaging ellipsometry). The preferential crystal orientation increases with temperature, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic and XPS show that only intermediate temperatures deliver stoichiometric ZnO. A functional thin-film transistor is created from an ALAM-deposited ZnO line and characterized.
Spin Electronic States and Geometry of Fe Nanowire: Comparison with Au, Pt, Cu, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Xe Atomic Strands (2002)

The geometries and spin electronic states of single atomic strands consisting of Fe atoms were studied in comparison with similar strands of Au, Pt, Cu, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and Xe atoms, using first principles molecular orbital methods. Finite cluster models comprising six atoms were constructed. The optimized geometry of the wire was obtained for each element as the wire was elongated. Abnormally long atomic distances were observed in the cases of Fe, Au, Pt, Cu, Na, Mg, and Xe wires, which have shallow and broad s-orbitals in their valence shells. On the other hand, the wires formed from Al and of Siatoms collapsed while growing to lengths in excess of the bulk atomic distances. These atoms have σ-bonds with their neighboring atoms in the wires. Their electronic states create steep and deep potential energy wells, which prohibit long atomic distances.
Improvement of the Cycling Performance and Thermal Stability of Lithium-Ion Cells by Double-Layer Coating of Cathode Materials with Al2O3 Nanoparticles and Conductive Polymer (2015)

We demonstrate the effectiveness of dual-layer coating of cathode active materials for improving the cycling performance and thermal stability of lithium-ion cells. Layered nickel-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material was synthesized and double-layer coated with alumina nanoparticles and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol). The lithium-ion cells assembled with a graphite negative electrode and a double-layer-coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 positive electrode exhibited high discharge capacity, good cycling stability, and improved rate capability. The protective double layer formed on the surface of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 materials effectively inhibited the dissolution of Ni, Co, and Mn metals from cathode active materials and improved thermal stability by suppressing direct contact between electrolyte solution and delithiated Li(1-x)Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 materials. This effective design strategy can be adopted to enhance the cycling performance and thermal stability of other layered nickel-rich cathode materials used in lithium-ion batteries.
AiRite: Towards Accurate & Infrastructure-Free 3-D Tracking of Smart Devices (2020)

Precise tracking of smart wearables in 3-D space is foundational in domains ranging from Augmented Reality (AR) and gesture recognition to robotics and indoor localization. Usually, a sensor-dependent approximation model, and a complementary infrastructure like acoustic, vision etc. is implemented alongside an onboard IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) for an effective tracking. In this work, we present a novel 3-D tracking solution, `AiRite' for commercial-grade smart wearables/mobiles using only their onboard IMU. Our tracking method mitigates the manifested inertial errors using a novel progressive zero correction, yielding superior results both for 2-D and 3-D trajectories. AiRite aims for a pervasive usage and is independent of device's form factor, or make of sensor enabling it to be used right out-of-the-box. The solution is shown to be more accurate than prior arts in tracking trajectories of basic shapes by moving the hand both in 2-D and 3-D. We depict trajectories of medium to long duration words written in air in a cursive handwriting using both smartwatch and smartphone. We further demonstrate robustness of AiRite by depicting panoramic 3-D texts written in air in a concave shape and visualizing the same from multiple angles, which are first results of their kind in this domain.
E2/ER β inhibit ISO-induced cardiac cellular hypertrophy by suppressing Ca2+-calcineurin signaling (2017)

Cardiovascular incidences are markedly higher in men than in pre-menstrual women. However, this advantage in women declines with aging and therefore can be correlated with the sex hormone 17β-Estradiol (E2) which is reported to protect heart cells by acting though estrogen receptors (ERs). In this study we have determined the effect of E2/ERβ against ISO induced cellular hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. The results confirm that ISO induced cardiac-hypertrophy by elevating the levels of hypertrophy associated proteins, ANP and BNP and further by upregulating p-CaMKII, calcineurin, p-GATA4 and NFATc3 which was correlated with a significant enlargement of the H9c2 cardiomyoblast. However, overexpression of ERβ and/or administration of E2 inhibited ISO-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. In addition, E2/ERβ also inhibited ISO-induced NFATc3 translocation, and reduced the protein level of downstream marker, BNP. Furthermore, by testing with the calcineurin inhibitor (CsA), it was confirmed that calcineurin acted as a key mediator for the anti-hypertrophic effect of E2/ERβ. In cells treated with calcium blocker (BATPA), the inhibitory effect of E2/ERβ on ISO-induced Ca2+ influx and hypertrophic effects were totally blocked suggesting that E2/ERβ inhibited calcineurin activity to activate I-1 protein and suppress PP1, then induce PLB protein phosphorylation and activation, resulting in Ca2+ reuptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum through SR Ca2+ cycling modification. In conclusion, E2/ERβ suppresses the Ca2+ influx and calcineurin activity induced by ISO to enhance the PLB protein activity and SR Ca2+ cycling.
The investigation of inborn errors of metabolism as an underlying cause of idiopathic intellectual disability in adults in Norway (2015)

Based on a broad review of the current literature a systematic diagnostic work-up to detect IEMs as a cause of ID in adults is suggested.
Autophagy activation is required for myofibroblast differentiation during healing of oral mucosa (2017)

The elucidation of the differential regulation of autophagy in periodontal tissues and its correlation with myofibroblast differentiation and fibrotic outcome could allow the identification of new molecules involved in periodontal healing and the development of new surgical approaches for periodontal treatment that could improve the outcome of postoperative wounds.
Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Studies of Ge1−ySny (y = 4.3%–9.0%) Grown on Ge-Buffered Si: Evidence for a Direct Bandgap Cross-Over Point (2019)

The temperature (T)-dependent photoluminescence (PL) from Ge1−ySny (y = 4.3%–9.0%) alloys grown on Ge-buffered Si substrates was studied as a function of the Sn content. The PL from Ge1−ySny alloys with high Sn contents (≥7.0%) exhibited the typical characteristics of direct bandgap semiconductors, such as an increase in the PL intensity with decreasing T and a single PL peak corresponding to a transition from the direct bandgap (Γ-valley) to the valence band at all temperatures from 10 to 300 K. For the Ge1−ySny alloys with low Sn contents (≤6.2%), the PL emission peaks corresponding to both the direct bandgap (ED) and the indirect bandgap (EID) PL appeared at most temperatures and as T was increased, the integrated PL intensities of ED initially increased, then decreased, and finally increased again. The unstrained ED and EID energies estimated from the PL spectra at 75 and 125 K were plotted as functions of the Sn concentration, and the cross-over point for unstrained Ge1−ySny was found to be about 6.4%–6.7% Sn by using linear fits to the data in the range of Sn contents from 0% to 9.0%. Based on the results at 75 and 125 K, the cross-over Sn concentration of unstrained Ge1−ySny should be about 6.4%–6.7% Sn content at room temperature. The ED energies of the Ge0.925Sn0.075 alloys were estimated from the T-dependent photoreflectance spectra, and the ED values was consistent with those obtained from PL spectra.
Performance analysis of III&#x2013;V triple-junction concentrator solar cells under varying temperature and intensity (2008)

We discuss intensity and temperature effects on solar cell performance. We simulate and measure these effects in III-V triple-junction concentrator cells incorporating quantum dots under AM1.5D illumination. Reducing series resistance improved simulated efficiency by 4.3%, and improving sub-cell design reduced power degradation with increasing temperature.
WRITEME: uma Ferramenta de Auxílio à Escrita de READMEs Baseada em Dados Abertos (2020)

Repositórios de código são acompanhados de um arquivo chamado README (leia-me, em português) que deve ser lido antes do uso do software que acompanham. Pesquisas recentes identificaram que tipos de conteúdos estão presentes nesses arquivos, porém faltam ferramentas que divulguem e apliquem esses conhecimentos como forma de suporte a desenvolvedores no processo de escrita dos documentos. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma ferramenta de auxílio à escrita de READMEs, que usa dados abertos dos repositórios mais populares do GitHub para gerar recomendações de seções. Os repositórios usados como exemplo são os que mais receberam estrelas, e são de projetos da linguagem de programação escolhida pelo usuário. A ferramenta consiste de um back-end que adquire os READMEs pela API do GitHub, e classifica suas seções de acordo com o tipo de conteúdo presente. No front-end é apresentada uma interface web onde o usuário pode escolher as seções que se aplicam ao seu projeto, e fazer download do esqueleto do seu README.