gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the crystallinity parameters in macroporous titania films (2013)

Although macroporous titania scaffolds are used for many different applications, not much is known about the importance of the synthesis strategy on the resulting materials' properties. We present a comparative study on the influence of different colloidal titania precursors for direct co-deposition with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads on the properties of the resulting macroporous scaffolds after calcination. The colloidal titania precursors for the film assembly differ in their size and initial crystallinity, ranging from amorphous sol–gel clusters to already crystalline pre-formed particles of 4 nm, 6 nm and 20 nm in size, as well as a combination of sol–gel and nanoparticle precursors in the so-called ‘Brick and Mortar’ approach. The type of the precursor greatly influences the morphology, texture and the specific crystallinity parameters of the macroporous titania scaffolds after calcination such as the size of the crystalline domains, packing density of the crystallites in the macroporous walls and interconnectivity between the crystals. Moreover, the texture and the crystallinity of the films can be tuned by post-synthesis processing of the films such as calcination at different temperatures, which can be also preceded by a hydrothermal treatment. The ability to adjust the porosity, the total surface area and the crystallinity parameters of the crystalline macroporous films by selecting suitable precursors and by applying different post-synthetic treatments provides useful tools to optimize the film properties for different applications.
Social networks: from the Web to the enterprise (2002)

Social networks are just one layer of functionality for next-generation enterprise portals. They are implemented in the context of other knowledge discovery and management functions. At Verity, we place them at the top of a three-layer knowledge infrastructure. At the bottom is a discovery layer that addresses the general area of search, including parametric and role-based search, security, and ranking mechanisms. In between these basics and the implicit structures of social networks is the content organization layer, which addresses issues of classification, taxonomies, and profiling. The key to next-generation enterprise portals is to integrate all three layers into a knowledge management experience that demonstrably improves user productivity.
Combining morphological and metabarcoding approaches reveals the freshwater eukaryotic phytoplankton community (2020)

Abstract Background Phytoplankton diversity can be difficult to ascertain from morphological analyses, because of the existence of cryptic species and pico- and concealed phytoplankton. In-depth sequencing and metabarcoding can reveal microbial diversity, and identify novel diversity. However, there has been little comparison of metabarcoding and morphological datasets derived from the same samples, and metabarcoding studies covering total eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity are rare. In this study, the variable V7 region of the 18S rDNA gene was employed to explore eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity in 11 Chinese freshwater environments, and further compared with the dataset obtained through morphological identification. Results Annotation by the evolutionary placement algorithm (EPA) rather than alignment with the SILVA database improved the taxonomic resolution, with 346 of 524 phytoplankton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) being assigned to the genus or species level. The number of unassigned OTUs was greatly reduced from 259 to 178 OTUs by using the EPA in place of the SILVA database. Metabarcoding detected 3.5 times more OTUs than the number of morphospecies revealed by morphological identification; furthermore, the number of species and the Shannon–Wiener index inferred from the two methods were correlated. A total of 34 genera were identified via both methods, while 31 and 123 genera were detected solely in the morphological or metabarcoding dataset, respectively. Conclusion The dbRDA plot showed distinct separation of the phytoplankton communities between lakes and reservoirs according to the metabarcoding dataset. The same pattern was obtained on the basis of 10 environmental variables in the PCO ordination plot, while the separation of the populations based on morphological data was poor. However, 30 morphospecies contributed 70% of the community difference between lakes and reservoirs in the morphological dataset, while 11 morphospecies were not found by metabarcoding. Considering the limitations of each of the two methods, their combination could substantially improve phytoplankton community assessment.
Translating Biomarkers Research to Clinical Care: Applications and Issues for Rehabilomics (2011)

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children in the United States. Despite steady improvement in our understanding of the pathophysiology of acquired brain injuries, there has been remarkably little improvement in brain injury therapies and/or pharmacologic treatments over the past decade. One of the reasons may be the inability to properly stratify subjects for clinical trials and/or to have real-time assessment of the effectiveness of a given intervention. It has been recognized for several decades that serum biomarkers may allow for more objective subject stratification as well as act as surrogate markers of treatment efficacy. Despite numerous studies, however, biomarkers are not currently part of clinical practice in either acquired brain injury or other neurologic or musculoskeletal disorders. The goals of this review article, therefore, are to use traumatic brain injury as a example to discuss the use of biomarkers in clinical and randomized controlled trials; to briefly discuss the field of neuroproteomics and its interface with neurologic interventions; and to provide an overview of the collaborative pathway between academia and industry, which needs to be an integral part of the translation of biomarkers from the bench to the bedside in any clinical population. Introduction of the concept of rehabilomics and implications of biomarker use for the physical medicine and rehabilitation physician also are discussed.
A 3-band switched-inductor LC VCO and differential current re-use doubler achieving 0.7-to-11.6 GHz tuning range (2015)

This paper presents a 3-bit switched inductor, 8-bit switched capacitor VCO utilizing frequency aware switch sizing to achieve 157% tuning range (0.7-5.8 GHz). Implemented in 65nm CMOS, the VCO maintains phase noise between -128 and -116 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset across the tuning range. A current reuse differential frequency doubler extends the tuning range to 0.7-11.6 GHz (177%). The FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> s of the stand alone VCO as well as that of the VCO-doubler combination vary between 191 to 209 dBc/Hz over their respective tuning ranges.
Meta-analysis and multidisciplinary consensus statement: exome sequencing is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (2019)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Detecting irregularities in cyclic motion (2002)

Real cyclic motions tend not to be perfectly even, i.e., the period varies slightly from one cycle to the next, because of physically important changes in the scene. A generalization of period is defined for cyclic motions that makes periodic variation explicit. This representation, called the period trace, is compact and purely temporal, describing the evolution of an object or scene without reference to spatial quantities such as position or velocity. By delimiting cycles and identifying correspondences across cycles, the period trace provides a means of temporally registering a cyclic motion. In addition, several purely temporal motion features are derived, relating to the nature and location of irregularities. Results are presented using real image sequences and applications to athletic and medical motion analysis are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Scientific Challenge of Expanding the Frontiers of Nutrition (2016)

Nutritional research is entering a paradigm shift which necessitates the modeling of complex interactions between diet, genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This requires the development of analytical and processing capabilities for multiple data and information sources to be able to improve targeted and personalized nutritional approaches for the maintenance of health. Ideally, such knowledge will be employed to underpin the development of concepts that combine consumer and medical nutrition with diagnostic targeting for early intervention designed to maintain proper metabolic homeostasis and delay the onset of chronic diseases. Nutritional status is fundamental to any description of health, and when combined with other data on lifestyle, environment, and genetics, it can be used to drive stratified or even personalized nutritional strategies for health maintenance and preventive medicine. In this work, we will discuss the importance of developing new nutrient assessment methods and diagnostic capabilities for nutritional status to generate scientific hypotheses and actionable concepts from which to develop targeted and eventually personalized nutritional solutions for health protection. We describe efforts to develop algorithms for dietary nutrient intake and a holistic nutritional profiling platform as the basis of understanding the complex nutrition and health interactome.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent, Modular Access to α‐Chloro‐trifluoromethyl Derivatives and to 1,1‐Difluoroalkenes. (2015)

ChemInformVolume 47, Issue 1 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent, Modular Access to α-Chloro-trifluoromethyl Derivatives and to 1,1-Difluoroalkenes. Pierre Salomon, Pierre Salomon Lab. Synth. Org., CNRS, Ec. Polytech., F-91128 Palaiseau, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorWioletta Kosnik, Wioletta Kosnik Lab. Synth. Org., CNRS, Ec. Polytech., F-91128 Palaiseau, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorSamir Z. Zard, Samir Z. Zard Lab. Synth. Org., CNRS, Ec. Polytech., F-91128 Palaiseau, Fr.Search for more papers by this author Pierre Salomon, Pierre Salomon Lab. Synth. Org., CNRS, Ec. Polytech., F-91128 Palaiseau, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorWioletta Kosnik, Wioletta Kosnik Lab. Synth. Org., CNRS, Ec. Polytech., F-91128 Palaiseau, Fr.Search for more papers by this authorSamir Z. Zard, Samir Z. Zard Lab. Synth. Org., CNRS, Ec. Polytech., F-91128 Palaiseau, Fr.Search for more papers by this author First published: 14 July 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201601061Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue1December 17, 2015 RelatedInformation
Evaluation of σ-1 Receptor Radioligand18F-FTC-146 in Rats and Squirrel Monkeys Using PET (2013)

Together, these results indicate that (18)F-FTC-146 is a promising tool for visualizing S1Rs in preclinical studies and that it has potential for mapping these sites in the human brain.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Heck Arylation of Cyclopentene. (1990)

Abstract The double Heck arylation of cyclopentene (I) with the aryl bromides (II) in the presence of complex Pd catalysts gives the regioisomeric diarylcyclopentenes (III) and (IV).
Special Section: Commemorating the Journal of Andrology's Distinguished History (2012)

We hope you will enjoy this special commemorative section of the Journal of Andrology's final issue. It opens with an article written by all previous and current editors-in-chief to provide highlights of the Journal's history for each editorship, and thereby show how the field and the Journal progressed over time. We tried to convey our collective perspectives on the editors' roles in building an outstanding Journal and working with authors to ensure scientific credibility and integrity. Next, we provide a series of reviews selected to represent some “hot-button” research areas that have emerged in both the basic science and clinical practice of andrology during the lifespan of the Journal of Andrology, and that we expect to continue to motivate research in the future. We invited several notables of the American Society of Andrology (ASA) to write about them. Rather than writing exhaustive reviews, we asked these scientists to capture the major breakthroughs made to date in addressing the area, using a limited number of seminal references, and then to pose critical unanswered questions that await andrologists to resolve in the future. These reviews span the field to include the principles of genetics in male fertility, the scope of study of spermatogonia, the role of reactive oxygen species in sperm function, the evolution of erectile dysfunction management, and the scientific nexus of aging and declining testosterone. Finally, we invited Marvin Meistrich, chair of ASA's Publications Committee, and Douglas Carrell, North American co-editor of Andrology, to combine in relating the story of how the Journal of Andrology and the International Journal of Andrology have come together and introducing the visions and goals for our new bigger and better journal.
Point and line defects in glasses (1981)

Abstract Recently, geometrical, dynamical and topological arguments have been used to analyse the possible classes of defects in glasses. The results predict that there are no dislocations, that lines of disclinations may exist but should thread through the lattice via rings with an odd number of bonds, and that the disclinations are characterized by oddness rather than intensity. In this paper, it is pointed out that topological arguments cannot be properly applied to the case of glasses and that the predictions of the dynamical and topological arguments disagree with results found in computer-built continuous-random-network and dense-random-packed models of glasses.
Expression of total and phospho 4EBP1 in metastatic and non‑metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2019)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) is phosphorylated and activated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, which serves as a regulator of cell growth, cell survival, metastasis and angiogenesis in many types of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of phosphorylated 4EBP1 (p4EBP1) in primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as a biomarker in metastatic RCC (mRCC) and non-mRCC cohorts. Primary tumor tissue from 254 non-mRCC and 60 mRCC patients were immunohistochemically stained for t4EBP1 and p4EBP1. The disease-free interval (DFI) categorized by the expressions and clinical parameters were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis in the non-mRCC cohort. Then, the cause-specific survival (CSS) was assessed in the mRCC cohort by the same methods as used in the non-mRCC cohort. In the non-mRCC cohort, patients with t4EBP1 expression had no RCC recurrence. Patients with p4EBP1 expression had the shorter DFI in univariate analysis (P=0.037). p4EBP1 and pT1b-4 expression levels were independent predictors for <i>de novo</i> metastasis. In the mRCC cohort, intermediate/poor MSKCC risk, non-clear cell RCC, and no p4EBP1 expression were correlated with poor CSS on multivariate analysis. Expression of p4EBP1 could be a predictive biomarker for <i>de novo</i> metastasis in non-mRCC patient cohort. By contrast, mRCC patients showing no p4EBP1 expression had shorter CSS than patients with p4EBP1 expression.
Tolane cinnamates—a new class of stable, high birefringence dopants (1996)

Abstract Ferroelectric smectic C* liquid crystals have been shown to exhibit high speed, electro-optic switching when incorporated into the surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) light valve. Certain applications utilizing IR modulation, waveguide, and phase modulation, and certain fiber-optic devices, can benefit from materials with a birefringence higher than that typically seen in FLC materials (Δ≊ 0.15). A new class of compounds, the tolane cinnamates, was developed to help meet this need. They were made by attaching a cinnamate moiety to the well known high birefringence tolane core. This resulted in two improvements: first, the birefringence increased from 0.23 to over 0.3; and second, the tolane cinnamate system was significantly more stable to UV light than the parent tolane system. The new materials showed smectic C as well as nematic phases and demonstrated good compatibility with both nematic and FLC hosts.
State-of-the-art of acoustic instrumentation for coal-conversion plants (1981)

In developing process control instruments for coal conversion plants acoustic techniques have received considerable attention. The reasons for this attention are that instruments based on acoustic techniques are usually non-intrusive, easy to install and maintain and they have very fast response times. This report presents the State-of-the-Art in development of acoustic instruments for coal conversion plants. It discusses the feasibility for flow and temperature measurements in terms of important parameters of the Sonar Equation and environmental conditions i.e., (a) attenuation of sound in coal conversion media; (b) the noise background levels in coal conversion plants, and (c) acoustic transducer and other material characteristics needed to meet the requirements of the hostile environment. Major emphasis is on the current state of development of the high temperature acoustic doppler flowmeter, active acoustic cross-correlation flowmeter, and the acoustic flow/no-flow indicator. Operating experience with these instruments and recommendations for further work are presented.
Identification and Optimization of Benzimidazole Sulfonamides as Orally Bioavailable Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Antagonists with in Vivo Activity (2015)

We report here a novel series of benzimidazole sulfonamides that act as antagonists of the S1P1 receptor, identified by exploiting an understanding of the pharmacophore of a high throughput screening (HTS)-derived series of compounds described previously. Lead compound 2 potently inhibits S1P-induced receptor internalization in a cell-based assay (EC50 = 0.05 μM), but has poor physical properties and metabolic stability. Evolution of this compound through structure-activity relationship development and property optimization led to in vivo probes such as 4. However, this compound was unexpectedly found to be a potent CYP3A inducer in human hepatocytes, and thus further chemistry efforts were directed at addressing this liability. By employing a pregnane X receptor (PXR) reporter gene assay to prioritize compounds for further testing in human hepatocytes, we identified lipophilicity as a key molecular property influencing the likelihood of P450 induction. Ultimately, we have identified compounds such as 46 and 47, which demonstrate the desired S1P1 antagonist activity while having greatly reduced risk of CYP3A induction in humans. These compounds have excellent oral bioavailability in preclinical species and exhibit pharmacodynamic effects of S1P1 antagonism in several in vivo models following oral dosing. Relatively modest antitumor activity was observed in multiple xenograft models, however, suggesting that selective S1P1 antagonists would have limited utility as anticancer therapeutics as single agents.
Detection and classification of coronary artery calcifications in low dose thoracic CT using deep learning (2019)

Deep Learning is expanding in the detection and diagnosis of abnormalities , including coronary artery calcification (CAC), in CT. CACs can also be visualized on low-dose thoracic screening CTs (LDCT), and thus, in this study, deep learning is investigated for the detection of CACs and assessment of their severity on LDCT images. The study dataset included 863 LDCT cases, each assigned a case severity score, which is related to the Agatston score, ranging between 0 and 12 (0 = no CAC present, 12 = severe CACs). Within the cardiac region, 224 &times; 224 pixel ROIs were extracted from each CT slice and input to a convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN-based features were extracted using a pre-trained VGG19 and merged with a support vector machine (SVM) yielding a slice likelihood score of the presence of CACs . Case prediction scores were obtained by using the maximum and mean scores of all slices belonging to that case. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used as a metric to assess the discrimination performance level. Using a randomly selected subset of images containing similar amounts of each severity subtype, the SVM performed better using the max slice score per case (AUC = 0.79, standard error = 0.03). While this AUC value does not reach those found in similar studies for diagnostic CT and cardiac CT angiography, this study demonstrates potential for deep learning use in LDCT screening programs.
Novel Microgels Fabricated On Microfluidic Devices (2014)

Abstract Microgels are micrometer sized particles consisting of a polymer network that show potential for the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Microfluidic devices provide an excellent format for the generation of monodispersed droplets due to the precise manipulation of fluids and flow rates within the microchannels. Microfluidic droplet generation chips were therefore designed using T-junction and flow focusing geometries in glass. For microgel synthesis, monomers, crosslinker and initiator were added to the dispersed phase and water was used as the continuous phase. Controlled formation of monodisperse droplets was achieved with both geometries and droplets were collected off-chip for photopolymerisation. Three types of microgel were formed using this setup: poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate, and tetrahydropyran acrylate- ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (THPA-EGDMA) microgels. THPA is a novel material for microgels that can be turned from hydrophobic to amphiphilic by hydrolysation. THPA-EGDMA microgels in particular demonstrated a strong response to pH changes due to the build-up of electrostatic force under high pH, showing potential for the encapsulation and release of drugs.