gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD27-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Depletion and Effector T Cell Costimulation Both Contribute to Antitumor Efficacy (2017)

CD27, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is constitutively expressed in most T cells and plays crucial roles in T cell effector functions. The costimulation and antitumor activity of CD27 agonistic Abs have been well documented in mouse models. Clinical testing of a human IgG1 anti-CD27 Ab, varlilumab (clone 1F5), is ongoing in cancer patients. In this study, we set out to further understand CD27 as an immunomodulatory target and to address the mechanism of antitumor efficacy using different IgG isotypes of 1F5 in human <i>CD27</i>-transgenic mice. 1F5mIgG1, the only isotype engaging inhibitory FcγRIIB expressed in B cells, elicited the most potent and broad immune response, but terminal differentiation, exhaustion, and apoptosis in the activated effector T cells were inevitable. Accordingly, this isotype was the most effective in eradicating BCL1 lymphoma but had limited efficacy in s.c. tumors. Conversely, 1F5mIgG2a, which interacts with cells expressing activating FcγRs, led to moderate immune activation, as well as to prominent reduction in the number and suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. These combined mechanisms imparted potent antitumor activity to 1F5mIgG2a, particularly against the s.c. tumors. 1F5hIgG1, varlilumab, showed balanced agonistic activity that was prominent at lower doses and depleting activity that was greater at higher doses. 1F5hIgG1 had good antitumor activity in all tumor models tested. Thus, both agonist and depleting properties contribute to the antitumor efficacy of CD27-targeted immunotherapy, and modulation of these activities in patients may be achieved by varying the dose and regimen.
Camera Mote with a High-Performance Parallel Processor for Real-Time Frame-Based Video Processing (2007)

This paper describes a new smart camera mote with a high performance SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) processor. Previous versions of our camera mote were equipped with IC3D, a line-based processor. The mote described in this paper is equipped with Xetal-II, a processor designed for frame-based real-time video analysis. The processor uses 320 processing elements in parallel to achieve performance figures of more than 100GOPS with a power consumption of 600 mWatt at peak performance. The IC has a 10Mbit internal memory cache to store and work on 4 VGA frames. The internal bandwidth to this memory is more than 1.5 Tbit/s allowing multiple passes over the images within frametime. Augmented with hardware tools for object processing, the new mote opens the door for embedded active vision applications and other iterative techniques such as watershedding and distance transforms in collaborative camera networks.
Design of decision device for the adaptation of decision directed equalizers (2013)

Adaptation of the coefficients of an equalizer usually takes place in the decision directed mode. The decision used for adaptation has a profound influence on the performance of the equalizer. In this work, we consider the influence of the probabilistic model used by a soft information decision device on the performance of the equalizer. It is shown that the equalizer output is distributed as a Gaussian Mixture, and these statistics are used to form a soft-decision device. We show that this is very near optimal in the sense of the Recursive Expected Least Squares algorithm introduced in prior work. Sub-optimal decision devices that are often more practical are also introduced and the loss of performance as a result of using these is considered.
Reconstructing robust phylogenies of metastatic cancers (2015)

A comprehensive understanding of the clonal evolution of cancer is critical for understanding neoplasia. Genome-wide sequencing data enables evolutionary studies at unprecedented depth. However, classical phylogenetic methods often struggle with noisy sequencing data of impure DNA samples and fail to detect subclones that have different evolutionary trajectories. We have developed a tool, called Treeomics, that allows us to reconstruct the phylogeny of a cancer with commonly available sequencing technologies. Using Bayesian inference and Integer Linear Programming, robust phylogenies consistent with the biological processes underlying cancer evolution were obtained for pancreatic, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Furthermore, Treeomics correctly identified sequencing artifacts such as those resulting from low statistical power; nearly 7% of variants were misclassified by conventional statistical methods. These artifacts can skew phylogenies by creating illusory tumor heterogeneity among distinct samples. Importantly, we show that the evolutionary trees generated with Treeomics are mathematically optimal.
Channel prediction and feedback in multiuser broadcast channels (2009)

Multiuser linear precoding requires channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. In the absence of channel reciprocity between the uplink and downlink, a feedback mechanism must be designed to communicate CSI estimates from the mobile receivers to the transmitter. Limiting the total feedback rate is an important design goal for multiuser multiple-input, multiple-output systems, as the feedback overhead can potentially consume a large percentage of system resources, especially when the total number of antennas is large. In this paper, we focus on the challenges of feedback delay and reducing feedback rate; we predict N-frames-ahead, based on the one-step Kalman predictor, and derive a theoretical expression for the prediction mean squared error (MSE). We present simulation results that illustrate a tradeoff between prediction MSE and computational complexity, and also demonstrate situations where adaptive delta modulation (ADM) can be used to exploit temporal redundancy and reduce the required feedback rate.
Support induced charge transfer effects on electrochemical characteristics of Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts (2017)

The electrokinetic properties of Pt nanoparticles supported on Carbon (Pt/C) and Boron Carbide-Graphite composite (Pt/BC) are compared over a wide potential range. The influence of the support on the electronic state of Pt was investigated via in-situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Pt d-band filling, determined from XANES white line analysis, was lower and nearly constant between 0.4 and 0.95 V vs. RHE for Pt/BC, indicating more positively charged particles in the double layer region and a delay in the onset of oxide formation by about 0.2 V compared to the Pt/C catalyst, which showed a marked increase in d-band vacancies above 0.8 V vs. RHE. Moreover, Δμ analysis of the XANES data indicated a lack of sub-surface oxygen for the Pt/BC catalyst compared to the Pt/C catalyst above 0.9 V vs. RHE. Additional anion adsorption on the Pt/BC in the double layer region, detected by CO displacement, was also confirmed by XANES analysis of the d-band occupancy. The H2 oxidation activities of electrodes with low catalyst loadings were assessed under high mass transport conditions using the floating electrode methodology. The metal-support interaction between the Pt and BC support improved the maximum hydrogen oxidation current density by 1.4 times when compared to Pt/C.
Improved upper bounds on sizes of codes (2002)

Let A(n,d) denote the maximum possible number of codewords in a binary code of length n and minimum Hamming distance d. For large values of n, the best known upper bound, for fixed d, is the Johnson bound. We give a new upper bound which is at least as good as the Johnson bound for all values of n and d, and for each d there are infinitely many values of n for which the new bound is better than the Johnson bound. For small values of n and d, the best known method to obtain upper bounds on A(n,d) is linear programming. We give new inequalities for the linear programming and show that with these new inequalities some of the known bounds on A(n,d) for n/spl les/28 are improved.
Wams Based Flow Transferring Indentification Algorithm and its implementation (2006)

When relays trip a faulted line in power system, the flow on the faulted line will be transferred to the other lines. Those lines might be overloaded and then cascading tripped by the backup relays, which worsen the system state and even cause blackout. Generally, these kind of cascading trips are the origins of a lot of well-known blackouts. In this paper, by analyzing the defects of traditional backup protections, a new wide area backup protection scheme based on WAMS is presented to identify flow transferring. A new concept of flow transferring relativity factor (FTRF) is proposed to estimate the flow distribution after flow transferring occurs; and the method of calculating FTRF matrix online is also deduced. The simulation of 10-unit and 39-bus New England network shows that the proposed wide area backup protection scheme can identify flow transferring successfully and hence be superior to the traditional backup protection.
Supplementary Figure 1 from EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 Constitute a New Class of Potent and Highly Selective c-Met Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 45K, ATP competition studies with EMD 1214063. EMD 1214063 inhibited c-Met phosphorylation in an ATP-competitive fashion. In brief, binding competition of EMD 1214063 and ATP to c-Met was analyzed by a kinase reaction followed by Western blotting. ATP in the indicated concentrations was mixed with 1 nM EMD 1214063 and added to 100 ng recombinant human c-Met kinase (Carna Biosciences 08-151). The reaction mixtures were incubated at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction was stopped by addition of 4x LDS Sample Buffer (Invitrogen NP-0007) containing 25 mM DTT and heating at 80{degree sign}C for 20 min. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by Western blotting using 1 ng c-Met kinase per lane in gel electrophoresis. After blotting on nitrocellulose, detection was performed with an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (clone PY99, Santa Cruz sc-7020) and an anti-GST-tag antibody (clone B-14, Santa Cruz sc-138) as a loading control. Chemiluminescence read out was measured with a VersDoc analyzer (BioRad) and band densities were quantified with the inherent software (ImageLab).&lt;/p&gt;
Spinel materials for Li-ion batteries: new insights obtained byoperandoneutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (2015)

In the last few decades Li-ion batteries changed the way we store energy, becoming a key element of our everyday life. Their continuous improvement is tightly bound to the understanding of lithium (de)intercalation phenomena in electrode materials. Here we address the use of operando diffraction techniques to understand these mechanisms. We focus on powerful probes such as neutrons and synchrotron X-ray radiation, which have become increasingly familiar to the electrochemical community. After discussing the general benefits (and drawbacks) of these characterization techniques and the work of customization required to adapt standard electrochemical cells to an operando diffraction experiment, we highlight several very recent results. We concentrate on important electrode materials such as the spinels Li1 + xMn2 - xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) and LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4. Thorough investigations led by operando neutron powder diffraction demonstrated that neutrons are highly sensitive to structural parameters that cannot be captured by other means (for example, atomic Debye-Waller factors and lithium site occupancy). Synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction reveals how LiMn2O4 is subject to irreversibility upon the first electrochemical cycle, resulting in severe Bragg peak broadening. Even more interestingly, we show for the first time an ordering scheme of the elusive composition Li0.5Mn2O4, through the coexistence of Mn(3+):Mn(4+) 1:3 cation ordering and lithium/vacancy ordering. More accurately written as Li0.5Mn(3+)0.5Mn(4+)1.5O4, this intermediate phase loses the Fd\overline 3m symmetry, to be correctly described in the P213 space group.
Quasi-Cyclic Symbol Extensions for Shaping the OFDM Spectrum (2018)

<i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -continuous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising solution to the out-of-band (OOB) emission issue in OFDM systems where the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> th-order continuity between OFDM symbols leads to lower OOB emission than the plain OFDM; however, high self-interference in such systems is an obstacle. In this paper, we propose a new class of quasi-cyclic symbol extensions, which makes the OFDM system <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -continuous. The new extension leads to low OOB emission while the additive interference is less than other <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -continuous OFDM systems. Moreover, we propose a general analysis of the spectrum and interference that occurs in a linear precoded OFDM system. The framework is applicable to many <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -continuous OFDM systems including our proposed method.
Multiband Dual-Polarization High-Efficiency Array Feed for Ku/Reverse-Band Satellite Communications (2014)

A dual-band dual-polarized planar passive phased array feed was designed and simulated, with four highly isolated ports and polarizations. The feed design provides an important feasibility demonstration for the deployment of a satellite transponder that transmits a downlink signal at 17.3-17.8 GHz, referred to as reverse band (RB), in the same orbital slot as an existing Ku-band satellite. The design utilizes a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) to separate the complex feed distribution networks required for the four-port antenna. Simulation results indicate that the feed receives signals in dual linear polarization at Ku-band and dual circular polarization at RB with isolation between all ports better than 20 dB. With the feed illuminating a reflector antenna, the aperture illumination and radiation efficiencies are approximately 70% and 80%, respectively, for all ports, representing one of the most complex yet efficient reported planar array feed designs in the literature.
Effect of spatial smoothing on the performance of noise subspace methods (2002)

The effect of using a spatially smoothed forward-backward covariance matrix on the performance of noise subspace-based methods like MUSIC and the minimum-norm method for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem is analyzed. In particular, asymptotic results for the mean-squared error in the estimates of the signal zeros and the DOA are derived. An important outcome of this analysis is that for MUSIC the error in the signal zeros is shown to exhibit a different trend compared to the error in the DOA estimates, leading to difficulty in interpreting the spatial spectrum. For instance, when smoothing is used, the peaks in the spatial spectrum become sharper, giving the impression of higher resolution, whereas in reality the estimates of the DOA may, in fact, have deteriorated compared with the ones obtained using minimal or no smoothing. With regard to the minimum-norm method, the errors in the signal zeros exhibit the same trend as the DOA estimates causing no such problem. The relative comparison of the methods shows that proper spatial smoothing enables the performance of the minimum-norm method to be made comparable to MUSIC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experimental doping dependence of the lattice parameter inn-type Ge: Identifying the correct theoretical framework by comparison with Si (2016)

Doping a semiconductor induces a change in its lattice parameter. This change is caused not only by the different sizes of the impurity and host atoms, but also by the strain developed when the occupation of electronic energy bands is modified. While these ideas are conceptually simple, experimentalists and theorists alike have struggled for decades to separate the size and electronic effects. Following up on the most significant earlier developments, which focused on doped Si, the authors present data for $n$-type Ge doped with novel precursors and suggest that trends as a function of the donor species in both Ge and Si hold the key to resolving the doping dependence of the lattice parameter into its two fundamental physical components.
Distributed Protocols for Interference Management in Cooperative\n Networks (2011)

In scenarios where devices are too small to support MIMO antenna arrays,\nsymbol-level cooperation may be used to pool the resources of distributed\nsingle-antenna devices to create a virtual MIMO antenna array. We address\ndesign fundamentals for distributed cooperative protocols where relays have an\nincomplete view of network information. A key issue in distributed networks is\npotential loss in spatial reuse due to the increased radio footprint of flows\nwith cooperative relays. Hence, local gains from cooperation have to balance\nagainst network level losses. By using a novel binary network model that\nsimplifies the space over which cooperative protocols must be designed, we\ndevelop a mechanism for the systematic and computational development of\ncooperative protocols as functions of the amount of network state information\navailable at relay nodes. Through extensive network analysis and simulations,\nwe demonstrate the successful application of this method to a series of\nprotocols that span a range of network information availability at cooperative\nrelays.\n
Thermal management in high-power vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2012)

Thermal properties of vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers are studied in the high-power regime. The influence of pump profiles is investigated by spacially resolved temperature measurements. Optimized cooling provides 72 W output power.
(Anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13 \ \text {TeV}$$ (2020)

Abstract The study of (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper the production of $$\text {(anti-)deuterons}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mtext>(anti-)deuterons</mml:mtext> </mml:math> is studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV using the ALICE experiment. Thanks to the large number of accumulated minimum bias events, it has been possible to measure (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions up to the same charged particle multiplicity ( $${\mathrm {d} N_{ch}/\mathrm {d} \eta } \sim 26$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ch</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>26</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) as measured in p–Pb collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies. Within the uncertainties, the deuteron yield in pp collisions resembles the one in p–Pb interactions, suggesting a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions. In this context the measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronisation models (SHM).
A General Framework for Nanoscale Electromagnetism (2020)

We introduce the mesoscopic electromagnetic boundary conditions and establish an experimental procedure to measure the dispersive surface response functions, enabled by observations of pronounced nonclassical effects—spectral shifts &gt;30% and the breakdown of Kreibig-like broadening.
HB-EGF and PDGF Mediate Reciprocal Interactions of Carcinoma Cells with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Support Progression of Uterine Cervical Cancers (2011)

Tumor stroma drives the growth and progression of cancers. A heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, HB-EGF, is an EGF receptor ligand that stimulates cell growth in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. While elevated expression of HB-EGF in cancer cells and its contribution to tumor progression are well documented, the effects of HB-EGF expression in the tumor stroma have not been clarified. Here, we show that HB-EGF is expressed in stromal fibroblasts where it promotes cancer cell proliferation. In uterine cervical cancers, HB-EGF was detected immunohistochemically in the stroma proximal to the cancer epithelium. Proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro was enhanced by coculture with fibroblasts isolated from tumor tissues of patients with cervical cancer. Inhibition of HB-EGF function or treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) inhibitors abrogated cancer cell growth enhanced by cervical cancer-associated fibroblast (CCF) coculture. Furthermore, tumor formation in a mouse xenograft model was enhanced by cotransplantation of CCF or mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but not with embryonic fibroblasts from HB-EGF-deficient mice. Conversely, conditioned medium from cancer cells induced HB-EGF expression in CCF. Mechanistic investigations established that PDGF was the primary factor responsible. Together, our findings indicate that HB-EGF and PDGF reciprocally mediate the interaction of cancer cells with cancer-associated fibroblasts, promoting cancer cell proliferation in a paracrine manner that has implications for novel combinatorial cancer therapies.
Influence of surface cracks on laser-induced damage resistance of brittle KH_2PO_4 crystal (2014)

Single point diamond turning (SPDT) currently is the leading finishing method for achieving ultra-smooth surface on brittle KH(2)PO(4) crystal. In this work, the light intensification modulated by surface cracks introduced by SPDT cutting is numerically simulated using finite-difference time-domain algorithm. The results indicate that the light intensification caused by surface cracks is wavelength, crack geometry and position dependent. Under the irradiation of 355 nm laser, lateral cracks on front surfaces and conical cracks on both front and rear surfaces can produce light intensification as high as hundreds of times, which is sufficient to trigger avalanche ionization and finally lower the laser damage resistance of crystal components. Furthermore, we experimentally tested the laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) on both crack-free and flawed crystal surfaces. The results imply that brittle fracture with a series of surface cracks is the dominant source of laser damage initiation in crystal components. Due to the negative effect of surface cracks, the LIDT on KDP crystal surface could be sharply reduced from 7.85J/cm(2) to 2.33J/cm(2) (355 nm, 6.4 ns). In addition, the experiment of laser-induced damage growth is performed and the damage growth behavior agrees well with the simulation results of light intensification caused by surface cracks with increasing crack depths.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main‐Group Elements and Transition Metals. Part 58. Germylene and Germanium Complexes of Manganese. (1989)

Abstract The novel μ‐dichlorogermylene complex (III) is formed on treatment of the substitutionally labile, photochemically generated Mn complex (I) with the GeCl 2 adduct (II) in a molar ratio of 2:1.