gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress-induced failure modes in high-tuning range RF MEMS varactors (2005)

In this paper we focus on electromechanical modeling of high-tuning range MEMS varactors with a focus on failures caused by residual compressive stress. In particular, we quantitatively evaluate for the first time a high-tuning range parallel-plate MEMS varactor in the presence of residual compressive stress. A 3D model generated in ANSYS agrees very favorably with the measured data and explains non-ideal discontinuities in the varactor's C-V curve. It is interesting to note that, although the failures considered in this paper are not encountered in RF MEMS switches, they become particularly important in analog MEMS varactors since they directly impact their effective tuning range.
YopD and LcrH Regulate Expression of Yersinia enterocolitica YopQ by a Posttranscriptional Mechanism and Bind to yopQ RNA (2002)

Pathogenic yersiniae secrete 14 Yop proteins via the type III pathway. Synthesis of YopQ occurs when the type III machinery is activated by a low-calcium signal, but not when the calcium concentration is above 100 microM. To characterize the mechanism that regulates the expression of yopQ, mutants that permit synthesis of YopQ in the presence of calcium were isolated. Yersiniae bearing deletion mutations in yopN, tyeA, sycN, or yscB synthesized and secreted YopQ in both the presence and the absence of calcium. In contrast, yersiniae with a deletion in yopD or lcrH synthesized YopQ in the presence of calcium but did not secrete the polypeptide. These variants displayed no defect in YopQ secretion under low-calcium conditions, revealing that yopD and lcrH are required for the regulation of yopQ expression. Experiments with transcriptional and translational fusions to the npt reporter gene suggest that yopD and lcrH regulate yopQ expression at a posttranscriptional step. YopD and LcrH form a complex in the bacterial cytosol and bind yopQ mRNA. Models that can account for posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of yop expression are discussed.
Nanocolumnar Structured Porous Cu-Sn Thin Film as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

Two nanocolumnar structured porous Cu-Sn films were produced by tuning the duration of the process using an oblique angle deposition (OAD) technique of electron beam coevaporation method. The structural and morphological properties of these porous Cu-Sn films are characterized using thin film X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Galvanostatic half-cell electrochemical measurements were conducted in between 5 mV to 2.5 V using a Li counter electrode, demonstrating that the Cu rich Cu6Sn5 thin film having homogenously distributed nanocolumns achieved a good cycleability up to 100 cycles with a high capacity retention, whereas the Cu6Sn5 nanostructured porous thick film with inhomogeneous morphology showed only a very short cycle life (<25 cycles).The difference in the electrochemical performances of the thin and thick nanocolumnar structured porous Cu-Sn films resulting from different evaporation duration was evaluated on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis on the cycled samples.
Fragment-Sized and Bidentate (Immuno)Proteasome Inhibitors Derived from Cysteine and Threonine Targeting Warheads (2021)

Constitutive- and immunoproteasomes are part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for the protein homeostasis. Selective inhibition of the immunoproteasome offers opportunities for the treatment of numerous diseases, including inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and hematologic malignancies. Although several inhibitors have been reported, selective nonpeptidic inhibitors are sparse. Here, we describe two series of compounds that target both proteasomes. First, benzoxazole-2-carbonitriles as fragment-sized covalent immunoproteasome inhibitors are reported. Systematic substituent scans around the fragment core of benzoxazole-2-carbonitrile led to compounds with single digit micromolar inhibition of the β5i subunit. Experimental and computational reactivity studies revealed that the substituents do not affect the covalent reactivity of the carbonitrile warhead, but mainly influence the non-covalent recognition. Considering the small size of the inhibitors, this finding emphasizes the importance of the non-covalent recognition step in the covalent mechanism of action. As a follow-up series, bidentate inhibitors are disclosed, in which electrophilic heterocyclic fragments, i.e., 2-vinylthiazole, benzoxazole-2-carbonitrile, and benzimidazole-2-carbonitrile were linked to threonine-targeting (<i>R</i>)-boroleucine moieties. These compounds were designed to bind both the Thr1 and β5i-subunit-specific residue Cys48. However, inhibitory activities against (immuno)proteasome subunits showed that bidentate compounds inhibit the β5, β5i, β1, and β1i subunits with submicromolar to low-micromolar IC<sub>50</sub> values. Inhibitory assays against unrelated enzymes showed that compounds from both series are selective for proteasomes. The presented nonpeptidic and covalent derivatives are suitable hit compounds for the development of either β5i-selective immunoproteasome inhibitors or compounds targeting multiple subunits of both proteasomes.
Optimal programming with voltage-controlled temperature profile to reduce SET state distribution dispersion in PCM (2014)

Phase-Change Memory (PCM) is the most mature among back-end emerging memory technologies and a likely candidate for the next generation of non-volatile memories. This paper presents an innovative programming technique for the Low-Resistance State (LRS) in PCM. The technique consists of an appropriately shaped electrical pulse, capable of controlling the power provided to the memory cell in order to enable a linear decrease of the temperature of the cell. The pulse can minimize the distribution dispersion of the LRS, while the pulse falling slope can be externally trimmed to match the crystallization requirements of any material under study. The model of a circuit able to generate the pulse is proposed. Finally, the schematic of a fabricated board with discrete components is presented and experimental results are provided in order to prove the functionality of the system.
Synchronization mismatch: vernier acuity and perception evaluation for large ultra high resolution tiled displays (2010)

We define experiments to measure vernier acuity caused by synchronization mismatch for moving images. The experiments are used to obtain synchronization mismatch acuity threshold as a function of object velocity and as a function of occlusion or gap width. Our main motivation for measuring the synchronization mismatch vernier acuity is its relevance in the application of tiled display systems which create a single contiguous image using individual discrete panels arranged in a matrix with each panel utilizing a distributed synchronization algorithm to display parts of the overall image. We also propose a subjective assessment method for perception evaluation of synchronization mismatch for large ultra high resolution tiled displays. For this we design a synchronization mismatch measurement test video set for various tile configurations for various inter-panel synchronization mismatch values. The proposed method for synchronization mismatch perception can evaluate tiled displays with or without tile bezels. The results from this work can help during design of low cost tiled display systems which utilize distributed synchronization mechanisms for a contiguous or bezeled image display.
La métropole parisienne : à la recherche du pilote ? (2003)

The Parisian agglomeration is very fragmented. It is made up first of all of Paris, a 
capital city governed by the state that long ensured the direct management of its affairs. 
It also includes the numerous local authorities that link together the metropolitan area, as 
well as the Ile de France region, which has grown considerably since its belated 
establishment. These political institutions have competencies that overlap to a very great 
extent, since all powers are urban. As a result, the Parisian agglomeration has neither a 
single pilot, nor even a truly stabilized procedure of governance and coordination. 
However, this is no reason to consider it ungovernable : first of all, because of the rapid 
growth of the region surrounding the capital, and secondly, because the various 
institutional actors share the same image of the metropolis.
Failure of Recommended Treatment for Secondary Syphilis (1986)

THE CENTERS for Disease Control (CDC) currently recommends that early syphilis (primary, secondary, and latent syphilis of less than a year's duration) be treated with 2.4 million units of penicillin G benzathine administered intramuscularly (IM) at a single session.<sup>1</sup>This treatment schedule has been found to have a clinical and/or serological failure rate ranging from less than 1% to 3%.<sup>2-4</sup>Other regimens have been reported to be more effective,<sup>5,6</sup>and controversy exists regarding optimal antibiotic treatment of early disease. We recently witnessed a dramatic relapse of secondary syphilis that occurred five months after the patient had been treated according to current CDC guidelines. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old white male homosexual was admitted to Strong Memorial Hospital of the University of Rochester, NY, in July 1984, with a generalized rash, left leg weakness, and a positive rapid plasma reagin test (RPR). He had been sexually active
Electronic Structure of Metallophthalocyanines, MPc (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg) and Fluorinated MPc (2020)

&lt;p&gt;We compute the electronic structure and optical excitation energies of metal-free and transition metal phthalocyanines (H2Pc and MPc for M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg) using density functional&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;theory with optimally-tuned range-separated hybrid functionals (OT-RSH).We show that the OT-RSH approach provides photoemission spectra in quantitative agreement with experiments&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;as well as optical band gaps within 10% of their experimental values, capturing the interplay of localized d-states and delocalized pi-pi* states for these organometallic compounds. We examine the tunability of MPcs and H2Pc through fluorination, resulting in quasi-rigid shifts of the molecular orbital energies by up to about 0.7 eV. Our comprehensive dataset provides a new computational benchmark for phthalocyanines molecules, significantly improving upon other density-functional-theory-based approaches.&lt;/p&gt;
Editor's evaluation: Tau polarizes an aging transcriptional signature to excitatory neurons and glia (2023)

While tau and aging have highly overlapping differential gene expression signatures, they diverge in the affected cell types, with aging having a wide-ranging impact and tau-triggered changes instead polarized to excitatory neurons and glia.
How Comparable are Microbial Electrochemical Systems around the Globe? An Electrochemical and Microbiological Cross‐Laboratory Study (2021)

Abstract Invited for this month′s cover is the collaborative work among Univ. of Milano‐Bicocca, Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico S.p.A., Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Univ. of California Irvine, Univ. of New Mexico, CNRS Toulouse. Technische Univ. Braunschweig, Aquacycl LLC, J. Craig Venter Institute, Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research. The image shows a sketch of a microbial fuel cell and a target indicating the need of developing common standards for the field of microbial electrochemical technologies. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100294 .
SIFT: Design and analysis of a fault-tolerant computer for aircraft control (1978)

SIFT (Software Implemented Fault Tolerance) is an ultrareliable computer for critical aircraft control applications that achieves fault tolerance by the replication of tasks among processing units. The main processing units are off-the-shelf minicomputers, with standard microcomputers serving as the interface to the I/O system. Fault isolation is achieved by using a specially designed redundant bus system to interconnect the proeessing units. Error detection and analysis and system reconfiguration are performed by software. Iterative tasks are redundantly executed, and the results of each iteration are voted upon before being used. Thus, any single failure in a processing unit or bus can be tolerated with triplication of tasks, and subsequent failures can be tolerated after reconfiguration. Independent execution by separate processors means that the processors need only be loosely synchronized, and a novel fault-tolerant synchronization method is described. The SIFT software is highly structured and is formally specified using the SRI-developed SPECIAL language. The correctness of SIFT is to be proved using a hierarchy of formal models. A Markov model is used both to analyze the reliability of the system and to serve as the formal requirement for the SIFT design. Axioms are given to characterize the high-level behavior of the system, from which a correctness statement has been proved. An engineering test version of SIFT is currently being built.
An Improved Deep Fusion CNN for Image Recognition (2020)

With the development of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs), the extracted features for image recognition tasks have shifted from low-level features to the high-level semantic features of DCNNs. Previous studies have shown that the deeper the network is, the more abstract the features are. However, the recognition ability of deep features would be limited by insufficient training samples. To address this problem, this paper derives an improved Deep Fusion Convolutional Neural Network (DF-Net) which can make full use of the differences and complementarities during network learning and enhance feature expression under the condition of limited datasets. Specifically, DF-Net organizes two identical subnets to extract features from the input image in parallel, and then a well-designed fusion module is introduced to the deep layer of DF-Net to fuse the subnet’s features in multi-scale. Thus, the more complex mappings are created and the more abundant and accurate fusion features can be extracted to improve recognition accuracy. Furthermore, a corresponding training strategy is also proposed to speed up the convergence and reduce the computation overhead of network training. Finally, DF-Nets based on the well-known ResNet, DenseNet and MobileNetV2 are evaluated on CIFAR100, Stanford Dogs, and UECFOOD-100. Theoretical analysis and experimental results strongly demonstrate that DF-Net enhances the performance of DCNNs and increases the accuracy of image recognition.
Needs, Trends, and Advances in Scintillators for Radiographic Imaging and Tomography (2023)

Radiographic imaging and tomography (RadIT), which started with Röntgen’s seminal X-ray work in 1895, now include an increasing number of imaging and tomography (IT) modalities. In addition to the original absorption-based X-ray radiography, others include phase contrast X-ray imaging, coherent X-ray diffractive imaging, MeV X- and γ-ray radiography, X-ray computed tomography, proton IT, neutron IT, positron emission tomography (PET), high-energy electron radiography, and cosmic-ray muon tomography. Scintillators are widely used in RadIT as the detector frontend that converts ionizing radiation into signals and data. We give an overview of the status and needs of scintillator applications in RadIT. More than 160 kinds of scintillators were presented during the SCINT22 conference, and offered ample options for novel RadIT applications. New trends in scintillators for RadIT applications include inorganic and organic scintillator composites or heterostructures, liquid phase synthesized perovskites and single-crystal micrometer-thick films, use of multi-physics models and data science to guide scintillator and RadIT optimization, structural innovations such as photonic crystals, nano-scintillators enhanced by the Purcell effect, heterostructural scintillating fibers, and multilayer configurations. RadIT have also been recognized as powerful tools for scintillator discovery and development.
Role of serum creatinine and prognostic scoring systems in assessing hospital mortality in critically ill cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (2003)

The rise of serum Cr levels above 1.5 mg/dL is common, and indicates a poor prognosis for critically ill cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. SOFA is a straightforward approach with excellent prognostic abilities for this homogeneous patient subset.
Enhanced orbital magnetic moment on Co atoms in Co/Pd multilayers: A magnetic circular x-ray dichroism study (1992)

Magnetic circular x-ray dichroism measurements at the Co ${\mathit{L}}_{3}$ and ${\mathit{L}}_{2}$ edges in Co/Pd multilayers give first experimental evidence for a greatly enhanced orbital moment compared to that in bulk Co, confirming recent theoretical predictions. Our results also show that, in general, there is no simple relationship between the dichroism signal and either the spin moment or the total moment. This is verified by a simple model calculation.
Induced-polarization measurements on unconsolidated sediments from a site of active hydrocarbon biodegradation (2006)

Abstract To investigate the potential role that indigenous micro-organisms and microbial processes may play in altering low-frequency electrical properties, induced-polarization (IP) measurements in the frequency range of 0.1 to 1000 Hz were acquired from sediment samples retrieved from a site contaminated by hydrocarbon undergoing intrinsic biodegradation. Increased imaginary conductivity and phase were observed for samples from the smear zone (contaminated with residual-phase hydrocarbon), exceeding values obtained for samples contaminated with diss-olved-phase hydrocarbons, and in turn, exceeding values obtained for uncontaminated samples. Real conductivity, although generally elevated for samples from the smear zone, did not show a strong correlation with contamination. Controlled experiments on uncontaminated samples from the field site indicate that variations in surface area, elec-trolytic conductivity, and water content across the site can-not account for the high imaginary conductivity observed within the smear zone. We suggest that microbial processes may be responsible for the enhanced IP response observed at contaminated lo-cations. Scanning electron microscopy and IP measurements during acid leaching indicate that etched pits on mineral surfaces — caused by the production of organic acids or formed during microbial colonization of these surfaces — are not the cause of the IP enhancement. Rather, we postulate that the accumulation of microbial cells (biofilms) with high surface area at the mineral-electrolyte interface generates the IP response. These findings illustrate the potential use of electrical measurements to noninvasively monitor microbial activity at sites undergoing natural hydrocarbon degradation.
Relative stabilities of IgG1 and IgG4 Fab domains: Influence of the light–heavy interchain disulfide bond architecture (2012)

The stability of therapeutic antibodies is a prime pharmaceutical concern. In this work we examined thermal stability differences between human IgG1 and IgG4 Fab domains containing the same variable regions using the thermofluor assay. It was found that the IgG1 Fab domain is up to 11°C more stable than the IgG4 Fab domain containing the same variable region. We investigated the cause of this difference with the aim of developing a molecule with the enhanced stability of the IgG1 Fab and the biological properties of an IgG4 Fc. We found that replacing the seven residues, which differ between IgG1 C(H) 1 and IgG4 C(H) 1 domains, while retaining the native IgG1 light-heavy interchain disulfide (L-H) bond, did not affect thermal stability. Introducing the IgG1 type L-H interchain disulfide bond (DSB) into the IgG4 Fab resulted in an increase in thermal stability to levels observed in the IgG1 Fab with the same variable region. Conversely, replacement of the IgG1 L-H interchain DSB with the IgG4 type L-H interchain DSB reduced the thermal stability. We utilized the increased stability of the IgG1 Fab and designed a hybrid antibody with an IgG1 C(H) 1 linked to an IgG4 Fc via an IgG1 hinge. This construct has the expected biophysical properties of both the IgG4 Fc and IgG1 Fab domains and may therefore be a pharmaceutically relevant format.
Synthesis of [14C]‐, [13C4]‐, and [13C4, 15N2]‐ 5‐amino‐4‐iodopyrimidine (2008)

Abstract 5‐Amino‐4‐iodopyrimidine labeled with either carbon‐14 or with the stable isotopes carbon‐13 and nitrogen‐15 was prepared starting from commercially available labeled diethylmalonate and formamide. This compound is a useful intermediate for carbon–nitrogen and carbon–carbon bond formations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
Loss Manipulation Capabilities of Deadbeat Direct Torque and Flux Control Induction Machine Drives (2015)

This paper investigates the loss manipulation capabilities of deadbeat direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) induction machine drives. For each switching period, a volt-second-based inverse model provides a range of volt-second solutions to achieve the desired torque at the end of each switching interval, whereas the stator flux magnitude provides another degree of freedom to manipulate machine losses. With a flux-based DB-DTFC loss model proposed, losses can be manipulated each switching period without compromising torque dynamics. For a steady-state operation and typical process trajectories, the minimum loss can be achieved with corresponding energy savings. Alternatively, significant losses can be rapidly induced to dissipate kinetic energy in a machine during braking transients. This loss maximization technique provides significant braking torque without requiring additional hardware to transfer/dissipate energy. DB-DTFC induction machine drives provide an effective and elegant solution for continuous loss manipulation without compromising dynamic performance.
A @-Tap CMOS Echo CancellerlDecision Feedback Equalizer for 2B 1 Q HDSL Transceivers (1991)

A 60-MHz 64-tap adaptive FIR filter chip has been fabricated in 1.2 pm CMOS which can implement either an echo canceller or decision feedback equalizer for 2B1Q high bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) transceivers. The 4.3 x 4.3 mm2, 30 000 transistor chip is a completely self-contained adaptive filter which incorporates the LMS algorithm for coefficient up- dating. The device can be cascaded to implement very long fil- ter lengths, which are often required in high bit rate trans- ceivers. At a 60 MHz clock rate, the echo canceller/decision feedback equalizer chip can accommodate symbol rates in ex- cess of 800 kbaud.