gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided high frequency focused ultrasound neurolysis of peripheral nerves to treat spasticity and pain (2005)

Spasticity, a complication of central nervous system disorders, signified by uncontrollable muscle contractions, is difficult to treat effectively. The use of ultrasound image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to target and suppress the function of the sciatic nerve of rabbits in vivo, as a possible treatment of spasticity and pain, will be presented. The image-guided HIFU device included a 3.2-MHz spherically-curved transducer and an intraoperative imaging probe. A focal intensity of 1480−1850 W/cm2 was effective in achieving complete conduction block in 100% of 22 nerves with HIFU treatment times of 36±14 s (mean±SD). Gross examination showed blanching of the nerve at the treatment site and lesion volumes of 2.8±1.4 cm3 encompassing the nerve. Histological examination indicated axonal demyelination and necrosis of Schwann cells as probable mechanisms of nerve block. Long-term studies showed that HIFU intensity of 1930 W/cm2, applied to 12 nerves for an average time of 10.5±4.9 s, enabled nerve blocks that remained for at least 7–14 days after HIFU treatment. Histological examination showed degeneration of axons distal to the HIFU treatment site. With accurate localization and targeting of peripheral nerves using ultrasound imaging, HIFU could become a promising tool for the suppression of spasticity and pain.
Low-frequency backscatter from near-surface bubble plumes (1993)

Anomalous low-frequency backscatter from the sea surface is governed by a variety of near-surface effects. Principle among these are microbubble distributions and their subsequent effects on the local sound speed structure. Although a rigorous explanation of these scattering results (including the presence of spikey events often observed in both deep water scattering experiments and sonar trials) would likely require consideration of a host of physical acoustic mechanisms, Occum’s razor would dictate that a simple explanation can be both effective and illuminating. This paper examines the role of monopole radiators, the simplest form of radiation, beneath a rough pressure-release surface to explain the presence of low-frequency false targets. It is shown that for certain sea state conditions such false targets can result from transient bubble plumes acting as acoustically compact scatterers. An attempt will also be made to estimate, from the combined probabilities of the presence of white caps and the likelihood that a given bubble plume possesses the requisite volume fraction to produce such an event, the number of false targets to be expected as a function of sea state. [Work supported by ONR and ARPA.]
Sensing Properties of Pd-Loaded Co3O4 Film for a ppb-Level NO Gas Sensor (2015)

We prepared 0.1 wt%-30 wt% Pd-loaded Co3O4 by a colloidal mixing method and investigated the sensing properties of a Pd-loaded Co3O4 sensor element, such as the sensor response, 90% response time, 90% recovery time, and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, toward low nitric oxide (NO) gas levels in the range from 50 to 200 parts per billion. The structural properties of the Pd-loaded Co3O4 powder were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Pd in the powder existed as PdO. The sensor elements with 0.1 wt%-10 wt% Pd content have higher sensor properties than those without any Pd content. The response of the sensor element with a 30 wt% Pd content decreased markedly because of the aggregation and poor dispersibility of the PdO particles. High sensor response and S/N ratio toward the NO gas were achieved when a sensor element with 10 wt% Pd content was used.
Range query processing in multi-objective networks (2011)

The class of spatial query over the networks has been extensively studied in the past decade. However, most of the current research focuses on the single objective solution, which is based on the optimization of one objective function. In this paper, we propose a framework to address one type of the multi-objective spatial query problems (i.e., the range query) on the road networks. Towards this end, we utilize a filtering and refinement paradigm to significantly prune the search space and localize the expensive refinement operation within a small candidate space. We experimentally verified the applicability and efficiency of the proposed method with real world datasets.
Private Hierarchical Clustering and Efficient Approximation (2021)

In collaborative learning, multiple parties contribute their datasets to jointly deduce global machine learning models for numerous predictive tasks. Despite its efficacy, this learning paradigm fails to encompass critical application domains that involve highly sensitive data, such as healthcare and security analytics, where privacy risks limit entities to individually train models using only their own datasets. In this work, we target privacy-preserving collaborative hierarchical clustering. We introduce a formal security definition that aims to achieve balance between utility and privacy and present a two-party protocol that provably satisfies it. We then extend our protocol with: (i) an optimized version for single-linkage clustering, and (ii) scalable approximation variants. We implement all our schemes and experimentally evaluate their performance and accuracy on synthetic and real datasets, obtaining very encouraging results. For example, end-to-end execution of our secure approximate protocol for over 1M 10-dimensional data samples requires 35sec of computation and achieves 97.09% accuracy.
A solvatochromic study of silicates and borate containing 4‐nitrocatechol ligands (2008)

Abstract Solvatochromism of 4‐nitrocatechol (1), tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium 2‐hydroxy‐4‐nitrophenolate (2), sodium tris(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)silicate (3a), tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium tris(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)silicate (3b), pyrrolidinium tris(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)silicate (3c), (3‐amino‐1‐propyl)‐bis(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)silicate (4a), and ( N,N ‐diethyl‐3‐amino‐1‐propyl)‐bis(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)silicate (4b) as well as potassium bis(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)borate (5) has been studied in a set of common solvents. The origin of the solvent‐induced UV/vis band shifts of 1–3c, and 5 has been determined by means of Linear Solvation Energy Relationship (LSER) using the empirical Kamlet–Taft and Catalán solvent parameter sets, respectively. The solvent‐induced UV/vis band shift of the negatively charged moiety of all solvatochromic dyes studied is mainly a function of the hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD) strength and the dipolarity/polarizability of the solvent as shown by multiple regression analyses. HBD solvents cause a hypsochromic shift of the UV/vis band due to specific solvation of the anion site. Oppositely, increasing dipolarity/polarizability of the solvent induces a bathochromic shift of the UV/vis absorption band. The donor strength of the solvent has an influence on the UV/vis band shift since ion pair formation occurs in solvents of low relative permittivity. This is shown by the impact of the counter ion of sodium tris(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)silicate (3a) compared to tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium tris(4‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diolato)silicate (3b). The influence of the counter ion on the position of the UV/vis absorption band occurs in the same way as HBD solvents do. Na + and the pyrrolidinium ion, respectively, have a stronger influence than the tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium ion on the solvatochromic band shift due to the stronger cation–anion interaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Morphology Effects on Silver Vanadium Phosphorous Oxide SVPO (Ag2VO2PO4) Electrochemistry in a Lithium Cell (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Active Normal Faulting in the Upper Rhine Graben and Paleoseismic Identification of the 1356 Basel Earthquake (2001)

We have identified an active normal fault in the epicentral area of the Basel (Switzerland) earthquake of 18 October 1356, the largest historical seismic event in central Europe. The event of 1356 and two prehistoric events have been characterized on the fault with geomorphological analysis, geophysical prospecting, and trenching. Carbon-14 dating indicates that the youngest event occurred in the interval 610 to 1475 A.D. and may correspond to the 1356 Basel earthquake. The occurrence of the three earthquakes induced a total of 1.8 meters of vertical displacement in the past 8500 years for a mean uplift rate of 0.21 millimeters per year. These successive ruptures on the normal fault indicate the potential for strong ground movements in the Basel region and should be taken into account to refine the seismic hazard estimates along the Rhine graben.
Treatment of polycystic ovary disease with chronic low-dose follicle stimulating hormone: biochemical changes and ultrasound correlation. (1984)

Pure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was administered during six cycles to five patients with "classical" polycystic ovary disease (PCO). Ovulation occurred in four of six cycles, and pregnancy occurred in three of six cycles studied. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels initially declined slowly. Immediately prior to ovulation there was an exaggerated drop in LH coincidental with an estradiol (E2) rise. This was subsequently followed by a rise in LH above baseline consistent with a preovulatory LH surge. No more than a single dominant, preovulatory follicle was noted in the ovaries of any patient in whom pelvic ultrasound was performed. This study adds further in vivo evidence that FSH is capable of interrupting the self-perpetuating biochemical cycle of PCO in a safe and logical way.
A dictionary based approach for gene annotation (1999)

Article A dictionary based approach for gene annotation Share on Authors: Lior Pachter Department of Mathematics and Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT Department of Mathematics and Laboratory for Computer Science, MITView Profile , Serafim Batzoglou Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, MITView Profile , Valentin I. Spitkovsky View Profile , William S. Beebee View Profile , Eric S. Lander Whitehead Institute and Biology Department, MIT Whitehead Institute and Biology Department, MITView Profile , Bonnie Berger Department of Mathematics and Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT and Room 2-339, Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA Department of Mathematics and Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT and Room 2-339, Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Daniel J. Kleitman Department of Mathematics, MIT Department of Mathematics, MITView Profile Authors Info & Claims RECOMB '99: Proceedings of the third annual international conference on Computational molecular biologyApril 1999 Pages 285–294https://doi.org/10.1145/299432.299504Online:01 April 1999Publication History 1citation404DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads404Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Three-level Q-switched laser operation of ytterbium-doped Sr_5(PO_4)_3F at 985 nm (2000)

Ytterbium-doped Sr(5)(PO(4))(3)F was successfully lased at 985 nm in quasi-cw mode with a slope efficiency of 74% and an absorbed threshold energy of 18 mJ. Q-switched slope efficiencies of 21% were obtained with a maximum energy of 9.4 mJ in 8.8-ns pulses.
Two-photon absorption measurements of fluorine-based molecules using femtosecond Z-scan (2005)

We present 2PA spectral measurements of new fluorene-based molecules with electron- withdrawing nitro groups measured using femtosecond Z-scans and compare them to picosecond Z-scan results and 2-photon fluorescence. We observe what looks like one-photon resonance enhancement.
Global Warming Trend of Mean Tropospheric Temperature Observed by Satellites (2003)

We have analyzed the global tropospheric temperature for 1978 to 2002 with the use of passive microwave sounding data from the NOAA series of polar orbiters and the Earth Observing System Aqua satellite. To accurately retrieve the climatic trend, we combined the satellite data with an analytic model of temperature that contains three different time scales: a linear trend and functions that define the seasonal and diurnal cycles. Our analysis shows a trend of 0.22° to 0.26°C per 10 years, consistent with the global warming trend
Functional and histochemical analysis of MDR3 P-glycoprotein in a tetracycline-controlled gene expression system. (2000)

Aim of the present study was to establish a cell system to study the physiological function of human MDR3 P-glycoprotein in cellular phosphatidylcholine (PC) secretion. MDR3 cDNA was expressed in HeLa cells using the tet-off system together with a luciferase reporter gene. MDR3 Pgp expression was turned on upon removal of doxycycline as shown by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry using a specific anti human MDR3 Pgp antibody revealed a prominent staining of MDR3 Pgp covering the cytoplasm and the area of the plasma membrane. In presence of doxycycline MDR3 Pgp expression was turned off. For analysis of PC secretory activity, MDR3 Pgp expressing and non-expressing cells as well as control HeLa cells with low endogenous MDR3 were preincubated with [(3)H]choline for synthesis of cellular [(3)H]PC. Cells were then incubated for 2 h in media with 0-4 mM taurocholate (TC) and release of cellular [(3)H]PC was recorded. [(3)H]PC secretion was observed in presence of TC without impairing cell viability. There was a significant increase in [(3)H]PC excretion in MDR3 Pgp expressing cells compared to non-expressing controls (e.g. 4.5 fold at 4 mM TC), revealing a high efficiency of transport activity (turnover). From the data it is concluded that the MDR3 Pgp expressing cell system under control of a doxycycline responsive promotor is functionally active and provides a tool to further study MDR3 Pgp mediated transport.
Performance, Structure, and Mechanism of ReOx–Pd/CeO2 Catalyst for Simultaneous Removal of Vicinal OH Groups with H2 (2016)

The ceria-supported rhenium catalyst modified with palladium (ReOx–Pd/CeO2 (Re = 2 wt %, Pd/Re = 0.25)) is still the best catalyst for simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation. Higher Re loading amount decreased the activity. The simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation of cyclic vicinal diols occurs with high cis-stereoselectivity. ReOx–Pd/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, XAFS, XPS, Raman, and DFT calculations. The Re species on ReOx–Pd/CeO2 (Re = 2 wt %, Pd/Re = 0.25) catalyst after reduction and after stoichiometric reaction of 1,2-hexanediol to 1-hexene were ReIV and ReVI, and the ReIV species were converted to ReVI through the stoichiometric reaction. The Re species on ReOx–Pd/CeO2 are proposed to be randomly located on the CeO2 surface, and probably only monomeric Re species have catalytic activity for simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation. This model can explain the higher activity of Re = 2 wt % catalyst than those of higher Re loading catalysts. The reaction is proposed to proceed by the tetra/hexavalent redox cycle of the Re center in the catalysis followed by hydrogenation.
Blunted arterial baroreflex causes “pathological” heart rate turbulence (2000)

Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in developed countries. Recently, two post-myocardial-infarction risk predictors were introduced that are superior to all other presently available indicators: turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS). These parameters characterize the behavior of instantaneous heart rate after a ventricular premature beat, i.e., they describe the reestablishing of heart rate control after an acute perturbation. We propose that the dysfunction of an important cardiovascular control mechanism, the arterial baroreflex, is the mechanism behind these new potent markers. The hypothesis is tested by means of a physiological model involving the excitation generation in the heart, the hemodynamic situation in the aorta, and baroreceptor feedback mechanisms. The data show that a blunted baroreceptor response of the heart resembles patterns of heart rate turbulence that correspond to pathological values of TO and TS. The results of the model suggest that the recently established risk parameters TO and TS characterize baroreflex function, a known risk stratifier in patients.
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser emitting at 1.56 microns with AlGaAsSb/AlAsSb distributed Bragg reflectors (2002)

Long-wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are attractive for a variety of application, such as low cost sources for optical communications and optical interconnects. In order to realize a monolithic device, we have utilized an AlGaAsSb-AlAsSb material system lattice matched to InP as a means of forming highly reflecting distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with relatively few mirror pairs. The structure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
Speech recognition of a natural text read as isolated words (2005)

This paper describes the results of an experiment in which we have applied our speech recognition system to the problem of recognizing sentences from our restricted laser-patent corpus when the sentences are read with pauses between the words. Except for changes to the phonology and the training data, nothing has been done to adapt the system to isolated word recognition. On 20 sentences a word error rate of 3.1% was obtained. This compares with 8.7% for the same sentences when spoken continuously by the same talker.
The utility of multivariate design in PLS modeling (2004)

Abstract We discuss the use of multivariate design to ensure representativity and balance of the training set data for PLS multivariate modeling. Three application areas are used to illustrate the discussion, namely multivariate calibration in process analytical chemistry, quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, and data mining. In both QSAR and data mining, the multivariate design is also useful for the balanced sampling of data from a large, complex, and unbalanced data repository. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Chalcopyrite CuIn(S1–xSex)2 for Photoelectrocatalytic H2 Evolution: Unraveling the Energetics and Complex Kinetics of Photogenerated Charge Transfer in the Semiconductor Bulk (2018)

Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) chalcopyrites and their derivatives are potential candidates for use in photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 generation because of their well-matched solar absorption properties and agreeable band positions relative to the water reduction redox potential. In this work, we present the photoelectrochemical characterization and H2 evolution performance of the highly tunable anion CIGS derivative series CuIn(S1–xSex)2. The photocathodes were subjected to Mott–Schottky analysis and chopped-light irradiation to determine their flat band potential. With excellent agreement between the two techniques, the flat band potentials were determined to increase successively with increasing x in CuIn(S1–xSex)2, with all band positions possessing appropriate energetics for the thermodynamic requirement of reducing H2O to H2. The photocathodes were then subjected to identical bulk H2 evolution conditions for 10–12 h, maintaining ∼90% faradaic efficiency. The rates of photoelectrocatalysis were found to vary significantly within the CuIn(S1–xSex)2 series, ranging over 2 orders of magnitude using a constant light intensity of 100 mW/cm2. Carrier transport behavior beyond the space charge region where charge diffusion dominates is suggested as a limiting factor for the H2 evolution rate of these p-type materials through the indirect influence of the majority carrier concentration.
A contribution to the amaranthine quarrel between true and average electrical mobility in the free molecular regime (2017)

Landau and Lipschitz's approach—termed here H&amp;B due to the use of Happel and Brenner's slow rotation approximation—for calculating the average electrical mobility over all orientations of an ion in the free molecular regime is shown in this manuscript to be an invalid assumption for non-globular ions when a fixed electrical field is present. The reason behind the invalidity seems to be the confusion between average “settling” velocity (the calculation intended by H&amp;B) and the average mobility (drag) in the direction of the field. When a missing orientation is taken into account by rotating the drag tensor, the average mobility obtained through Landau's approach coincides with well-known orientationally averaged Kinetic Theory Methods such as those of Mason and McDaniel (M&amp;M). H&amp;B's averaging approach, however, can be related to the true mobility displacement of the ion or, in other words, the displacement occurring in the direction of the velocity. This true mobility displacement only agrees with the average mobility displacement if ion velocity and electrical field have always the same direction, which only happens under special cases. Analytical and numerical calculations of collision cross-sections of linear and planar structures using a momentum transfer kinetic theory approach are chosen here as a means to prove that a single rotation of the drag tensor is sufficient to show agreement between both methods. A projected area approach is also used to prove the inadequacy of the H&amp;B method.
Synthesis of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stainless steel coupon by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature method (2015)

The novel flower-like WE2 (E = S or Se) nanoflakes are synthesized and the growth of WS2 and WSe2 nanowires on stain less steel coupons (SSC) is observed by reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature technique between the metallic tungsten and chalcogen powders at 750 °C for 3 h. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize all reaction products, viz., neat WS2, WSe2 powder, WS2/SSC and WSe2/SSC (stainless steel coupon). The photoluminescence spectrum of WS2 and WSe2 samples are also reported. In addition, the direct use of metals as precursors will devoid the harmful effects of organometallic precursor.
Highly Biocompatible, Fluorescence, and Zwitterionic Carbon Dots as a Novel Approach for Bioimaging Applications in Cancerous Cells (2018)

Highly biocompatible, excellently photostable, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing novel zwitterionic carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The size of CDs were 2-5 nm, with an average size of 2.61 ± 0.7 nm. CDs were characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. CDs were known to emit blue fluorescence when excited at 360 nm, that is, UV region, and emit in the blue region of visible spectrum, that is, at 443 nm. CDs showed excitation-independent photoluminescence behavior and were highly fluorescent even at lower concentration under UV light. These CDs were highly fluorescent in nature, with the quantum yield being as high as 80%, which is comparable to that of organic dyes. The CDs were further used to image two different oral cancer cell lines, namely, FaDu (human pharyngeal carcinoma) and Cal-27 (human tongue carcinoma). The cell viability assay demonstarted that CDs were highly biocompatible, which was further confirmed by the side scattering studies as no change in the granularity was observed even at the highest concentration of 1600 μg/mL. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also investigated and negligible generaton of ROS was detected. In addition to that, the uptake phenomenon, cell cycle analysis, exocytosis, and cellular uptake at 4 °C and in the presence of ATP inhibitor were studied. It was found that CDs easily cross the plasma membrane without hampering the cellular integrity.