gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room temperature Terahertz hot electron bolometric detector based on AlGaAs/GaAs two dimensional electron gas (2010)

In this paper, we present a hot-electron bolometric detector, which uses the nonlinearities of the heated two-dimensional electron gas medium in AlGaAs/GaAs at room temperature. The cooling process of the electrons is through the phonon-scattering mechanism. The response was measured at the 0.1-0.2 THz frequency range. The response was estimated, showing possible application of these detectors in sensing of Terahertz radiation.
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries (2023)

This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high- and low-middle-income countries.
A Stoichiometric Model for Sillenites (2002)

A critical review of crystallographic studies on sillenite compounds has allowed us to develop a general structural formula for the stoichiometric sillenites: Bi12(Bi4/5-nxMn+5x)O19.2+nx. We defined the stoichiometric sillenites as those with an oxygen sublattice that is fully occupied by either oxygen ions or lone electron pairs of Bi3+ ions. Nonstoichiometric groups of sillenites were identified as being either substoichiometric, with a deficient oxygen sublattice, or superstoichiometric, with an excess of oxygen. The compositions of the sillenites reported in the literature agree well with the proposed stoichiometric model. Two sillenites, Al and Zn, that were found to deviate from this model were experimentally investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy. The composition was found to be different from that reported previously and to correspond to the proposed stoichiometric model.
The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research: a consensus document (2016)

The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at €23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap.The EHA Roadmap identifies nine 'sections' in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders.The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients.
An arrayed-window microfluidic device for observation of mixed nanoparticles with an X-ray free-electron laser (2022)

Abstract A microfluidic device was developed for coherent diffraction imaging using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL-CDI). Liquid samples, which are separately packed in reservoirs of the device, are mixed in a flow channel after an XFEL irradiation as a trigger. An XFEL-CDI experiment was conducted and images of gold nanoparticles in solution were obtained with a resolution of several nanometers from single-shot coherent diffraction patterns. We were able to capture the images of various structures of mixed nanoparticles in the flow channel, clearly demonstrating the function of the microfluidic device. The direct observation of structural changes in liquids will contribute to development of chemistry and biology.
A prospective pilot study of platelet function and its relationship with postoperative bleeding in pediatric cardiac surgery. (2012)

In this pilot study, platelet function in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery demonstrates a variable pattern and no association with postoperative bleeding. Confounding factors like age and cyanosis should be addressed with larger patient populations.
Impact of IQ on the diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray in a community sample of adults with schizophrenia (2017)

Using high-resolution microarrays we were able to demonstrate for the first time that the burden of pathogenic CNVs in schizophrenia differs significantly between IQ subgroups. The results of this study have implications for clinical practice and may help inform future rare variant studies of schizophrenia using next-generation sequencing technologies.
Electrons and phonons in amorphous As (1976)

A brief review of the electronic and vibrational structure of amorphous As is presented. Using the random network model as a proto‐type for the structure of the amorphous phase, theoretical electron and phonon densities of states are calculated. The influences of topology on these state densities are examined by using ’’cluster‐Bethe‐lattice’’ techniques. These results are then used to interpret the experimental X‐ray photomeission and infra‐red absorption measurements on amorphous As. It is shown that As is one of a small class of unique materials which exhibit an isomorphism between their electronic and vibrational excitations.
Hyperspectral Probing of Exciton dynamics and Multiplication in PbSe Nanocrystals (2013)

Height time hyperspectral near IR probing providing broad-band coverage is employed on PbSe nanocrystals, uncovering spectral evolution following high energy photo-excitation due to hot exciton relaxation and recombination. Separation of single, double and triple exciton state contributions to these spectra is demonstrated, and the mechanisms underlying the course of spectral evolution are investigated. In addition no sign of MEG was detected in this sample up to a photon energy 3.7 times that of the band gap.
Derivation of Ethnically Diverse Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines (2015)

The human genome with all its ethnic variations contributes to differences in human development, aging, disease, repair, and response to medical treatments and is an exciting area of research and clinical study. The availability of well-characterized ethnically diverse stem cell lines is limited and has not kept pace with other advances in stem cell research. Here we derived xenofree ethnically diverse-human induced pluripotent stem cell (ED-iPSC) lines from fibroblasts obtained from individuals of African American, Hispanic-Latino, Asian, and Caucasian ethnic origin and have characterized the lines under a uniform platform for comparative analysis. Derived ED-iPSC lines are low passage number and evaluated in vivo by teratoma formation and in vitro by high throughput microarray analysis of EB formation and early differentiation for tri-lineage commitment to endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. These new xenofree ED-iPSC lines represent a well-characterized valuable resource with potential for use in future research in drug discovery or clinical investigations.
Signal Structure Study for a Passive Ranging System using Existing Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) (2012)

The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing alternative navigation concepts to maintain operational capacity and efficiency even in the presence of a degradation of the Global Positioning System (GPS). One concept being studied for this alternate position navigation and timing (APNT) is a ground based passive ranging system. Such a system can achieve many benefits. It has few capacity constraints, has a simpler architecture than other alternatives, can better utilize aviation spectrum, and can provide improved position navigation and timing (PNT) capabilities. One design being considered seeks to implement a passive ranging broadcast using existing distance measuring equipment (DME) ground transponders without the need for any changes. This concept, known as DME based passive ranging (DMPR), has the benefit being compatible with existing DME operations and can utilize the existing DME infrastructure. This paper develops and assesses the signal structure design to support accuracy and overall data capacity goals.
A temperature-to-digital converter based on an optimized electrothermal filter (2008)

The design of a CMOS temperature-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented. It operates by measuring the phase shift of an electrothermal filter (ETF), which is a function of the temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity of bulk silicon. Compared to previous work, this TDC employs an improved ETF, whose layout has been optimized to minimize the phase spread caused by lithographic inaccuracy. Furthermore, the TDCpsilas front-end consists of a gain-boosted transconductor, whose wide bandwidth minimizes electrical phase spread. The resulting current is then digitized by a phase-domain SigmaDelta modulator. The phase-subtracting node of the modulator is realized by a chopper demodulator, whose switching action, however, will give rise to a residual offset current. This is minimized by locating the demodulator at the virtual grounds of the transconductorpsilas gain boosting amplifiers. Any residual offset is then eliminated by chopping the entire front-end. Measurements on 16 samples show that the TDC has an untrimmed inaccuracy of less than plusmn0.4degC (3sigma) over the military range (-55degC to 125degC).
Factors Affecting the Accurate Prediction of Iron Losses in Electrical Machines (2005)

A model of core losses, in which the hysteresis coefficients are variable with the frequency and induction (flux density) and the eddy-current and excess loss coefficients are variable only with the induction, is proposed. A procedure for identifying the model coefficients from multi-frequency Epstein tests is described and examples are provided for three typical grades of non grain-oriented laminated steel suitable for electric motor manufacturing. Over a wide range of frequencies between 20 Hz and 400 Hz and inductions from 0.05 T up to 2 T the new model yielded much lower errors for the specific core losses than conventional models. The applicability of the model for electric machine analysis is also discussed and examples from an interior permanent and an induction motor are included
Effects of pressure and volume of the receiving chamber on the spatial distribution of regurgitant jets as imaged by color Doppler flow mapping. An in vitro study. (1991)

Regurgitant jet dimensions imaged by color Doppler flow mapping have been used to evaluate the severity of valvular insufficiency in clinical studies. To study the effect of pressure and volume within the receiving chamber on the magnitude of spatial distribution of regurgitant jets assessed by color Doppler techniques, we designed a simple constant-flow model in which a jet was driven through a known orifice (1.5 mm2) into a compliant receiving chamber by a steady-flow pump. A distal tube at the outflow closed the system and maintained the volume of the chamber constant during pump operation. We varied flow rate from 60 to 270 ml/min into elastic balloons with different static compliances of 1, 2, 4.5, and 9 ml/mm Hg (pressures of 57, 28, 18, and 8 mm Hg, respectively); the balloons served as receiving chambers at the constant volume of 150 ml. We also evaluated the effect of different volumes of a receiving chamber (110, 130, and 150 ml and pressures of 5, 15, and 24 mm Hg) with a static compliance of 2 ml/mm Hg over the same range of flow rates. For each of the different balloons, jet area correlated linearly with the jet velocity across the orifice (r = 0.98, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.97) and also with flow rate (r = 0.97, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.99). At the same flow rate and volume of receiving chamber, however, the jet area imaged by color Doppler decreased as the pressure in the receiving chamber increased, although receiving-chamber volume was constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exploration of Center of Gravity, Moment of Inertia, and Launch Direction for Putters with Ball Speed Normalizing Face Properties (2020)

The forgiveness of golf putters is traditionally achieved through weight distribution. Putters are often designed with large footprints, which help to increase the moment of inertia (MOI), but consequently move the center of gravity (CG) farther behind the face. The use of higher MOI putters will result in less ball speed loss on impacts away from the sweet spot (i.e., more forgiveness). It has been shown that certain face properties, such as milling patterns, grooves, or soft inserts, can be leveraged to have a similar effect. This paper explores the relationships between impact location, MOI, CG depth, discretionary mass placement, and launch direction for these putters. A novel design strategy is proposed. Minimizing CG depth for putters with ball speed normalizing face properties, even at the expense of MOI, can result in more consistent launch direction and distance control for the average player.
Increasing Running Shoe Traction can Enhance Performance (2014)

The outsole of a running shoe must provide enough traction for the athlete to avoid slipping during running. What is unknown is whether there is any point to designing running shoe outsoles with traction above this minimum required traction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether performance could be enhanced by increasing the outsole traction of a running shoe. A commercially available running shoe (Control) was compared against the same shoe model with the outsole modified with a higher traction rubber (High Traction). The available traction of each shoe was measured with a traction testing system. Twenty male athletes completed a maximal effort timed running course in both shoes on two different surfaces. When wearing the Control running shoe, the athletes were able to complete the course on an asphalt road surface at maximal effort without slipping. When completing the same course wearing the High Traction shoe, the subjects were able to perform the course even faster. Therefore, the results show that the role of running shoe outsole traction is not to merely provide adequate traction to avoid large scale slips, but can also help athletes enhance performance of high-traction tasks such as accelerations and changes in direction.
Optimal Rate Filters for Biomedical Point Processes (2005)

Rate filters are used to estimate the mean event rate of many biomedical signals that can be modeled as point processes. Historically these filters have been designed using principles from two distinct fields. Signal processing principles are used to optimize the filter's frequency response. Kernel estimation principles are typically used to optimize the asymptotic statistical properties. This paper describes a design methodology that combines these principles from both fields to optimize the frequency response subject to constraints on the filter's order, symmetry, time-domain ripple, DC gain, and minimum impulse response. Initial results suggest that time-domain ripple and a negative impulse response are necessary to design a filter with a reasonable frequency response. This suggests that some of the common assumptions about the properties of rate filters should be reconsidered.
Reaction Engineering Aspects of α-1,4-d-Glucan Phosphorylase Catalysis (1997)

Some important process properties of α-1,4-d-glucan phosphorylases isolated from the bacterium Corynebacterium callunae and potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) were compared. Apart from minor differences in their stability and specificity (represented by the maximum degree of maltodextrin conversion) and a 10-fold higher affinity of the plant phosphorylase for maltodextrin (K M of 1.3 g/L at 300 mM of orthophosphate), the performances of both enzymes in a continuous ultrafiltration membrane reactor were almost identical. Product synthesis was carried out over a time course of 300–400 h in the presence or absence of auxiliary pullulanase (increasing the accessibility of the glucan substrate for phosphorolytic attack up to 15–20%). The effect of varied dilution rate and reaction temperature on the resulting productivities was quantitated, and a maximum operational temperature of 40°C was identified.
Advanced High Voltage Reverse Conducting RC-IGBT Technology with Low Losses and Robust Switching Performance (2020)

In this paper, we report a 3300V RC-IGBT based on an advanced DMOS planar cell concept. In addition to the emitter cell concept, the RC-IGBT incorporates new design features including a robust cellular emitter layout design with dedicated diode cells and a gradual backside collector short layout design for snap-back free IV output characteristics. The design combinations provide very low IGBT mode and diode mode conduction and switching losses along with a wide Safe-Operating-Area (SOA) and high short circuit capability. Furthermore, the diode on-state losses dependency on the applied gate voltage is minimized for applications requiring no special gate control adjustments.
Neuroinflammatory Basis of Depression: Learning From Experimental Models (2021)

The neuroinflammatory basis of depression encompasses the detrimental role of otherwise supportive non-neuronal cells and neuroinflammation in hampering neuronal function, leading to depressive behavior. Animals subjected to different stress paradigms show glial cell activation and a surge in proinflammatory cytokines in various brain regions. The concept of sterile inflammation observed in animal models of depression has intrigued many researchers to determine the possible triggers of central immune cell activation. Notably, microglial activation and subsequent phenotypic polarization in depression have been strongly advocated by the wealth of recent preclinical studies; however, findings from human studies have shown contradictory results. Despite intensive investigation, many research gaps still exist to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammatory cascades underlying the pathophysiology of depression. In this mini-review, recent progress in understanding neuroinflammatory mechanisms in light of experimental models of depression will be thoroughly discussed. The challenges of mirroring depression in animal and <i>in vitro</i> models will also be highlighted. Furthermore, prospects of targeting neuroinflammation to treat depressive disorder will be covered.
Influence Of Mains Interference Upon Signal Averaging: Trigger Accuracy And Suppression Of Noise And Interference (2005)

Signal averaging is a commonly used method to enhance the signal to noise ratio of recurrent time signals like the ECG. In signal averaging, the rate of suppression of the noise signal is related to the square root of the number of averagings. With the help of computer simulations it is demonstrated in this paper that the suppression of a periodic signal which is not correlated with the signal to be averaged - like line interference - depends not only on the number of averagings, but also on the magnitude of the periodic signal. The effect of a periodic signal on trigger accuracy appears to be comparable to that of noise.
Optimal Incentives in Core‐Selecting Auctions (2013)

This chapter describes a new auction for differentiated goods — the ‘Product-Mix Auction’ — that was designed and implemented after the 2007 Northern Rock bank-run to help the Bank of England fight the financial crisis. The Bank now uses it regularly, and successfully. Bidders bid on multiple assets simultaneously, while bid-takers simultaneously choose supply functions across assets. The auction yields greater efficiency, revenue, information, and trade than running multiple separate auctions. It is often simpler to use and understand, and less vulnerable to collusion, than a simultaneous multiple round auction. Future applications might include purchasing ‘toxic assets’, selling electricity, and trading biodiversity.
HYDROGEOLOGIC & ENVIRONMENTAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION OF SHALLOW BEDROCK AT THE POUDRE RIVER SITE ASSESSMENT – FT. COLLINS, CO (2006)

hydroGEOPHYSICS, Inc. (HGI) was recently contracted to define depth-to-bedrock and bedrock topography after a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) release was observed in the Cache de Poudre River that is adjacent to the Northside Aztlan Community Center, located in Ft. Collins, CO. Free product (coal tar) associated with an historical gas manufacturing plant located west of the site and operating during the early 1900’s was also observed along the river bottom. A former landfill also occupied a portion of the site where the NAPL release was observed within the river. The EPA needed to determine responsible parties. Since alluvium is approximately 10 to 40 feet thick within the site and the Pierre Shale forms the hydrologic bedrock for the area, it was determined that shallow geophysical methods were applicable. Under subcontract to Tetra Tech EMI, HGI completed High Resolution Resistivity (HRR) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys for non-invasive site characterization. High clay content of near surface soils did not allow sufficient penetration of signal using GPR. The HRR sections did augment the comprehension of bedrock topography and identified pathways for coal tar migration to the river.
Therapy with CD7 monoclonal antibody TH‐69 is highly effective for xenografted human T‐cell ALL (1996)

Human T-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) was established in athymic nude or severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice by injecting CEM or MOLT-16 cells. When nude mice bearing approx. 2 g of tumour were treated with a single injection of CD7 antibody TH-69, 82.6% reached complete remission within 10 d whereas 13.0% showed partial remission. Similarly, in SCID mice with advanced disease a significant prolongation of survival was seen. The therapeutic effects were dependent upon dose and affinity of the antibody. TH-69 is a high-affinity antibody (7.6 x 10(9) M-1) that rapidly induced modulation during treatment. The Fc-portion of the antibody was required for effective tumour cell killing. Complement deposition was found on tumour sections after TH-69 treatment and in part may account for tumour destruction. There was no evidence for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The kinetics of tumour disappearance suggested the initiation of a programmed cell death (PCD), despite the lack of significant DNA fragmentation. Unmodified high-affinity antibodies to the T-cell antigen CD7 have potential for T-cell ALL therapy.