gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrode‐Limited Dielectric Breakdown of Alkali Free Glass (2012)

The dielectric breakdown statistics of alkali‐free glass was determined for various thicknesses with electrodes having controlled morphology and continuity. The characteristic electrical breakdown field strength increased from 400 to 1100 MV/m as the glass substrate thickness decreased from 58 to 5 μm, respectively. Surface roughness RMS values of as‐drawn and etched glass substrates were in the 0.9–1.8 nm range, which is small in comparison to the glass substrate thickness. The glass etching, itself did not have significant effect on the dielectric breakdown strength. The dielectric breakdown strength was also independent of the sputtered‐deposited electrode composition ( Au , Pt ); however, electrode thickness played an important role in controlling the breakdown process. The Au electrode morphology transitioned from a continuous sheet for thicker electrodes to discrete nano‐scale islands for very thin electrodes (&lt;2 nm thick). The thin electrode morphology provides a unique opportunity to explore the intrinsic properties and high dielectric breakdown strength regime (1100 MV/m) in glasses with Weibull modulus values approaching 100.
High-power microwave photodiode array for radio over fiber applications (2008)

We designed a high-power microwave photodiode array consisting of an optical divider, a four-element InGaAs pin photodiode array and an RF power combiner. The developed array achieved RF output power of 1 W at 5 GHz.
Principles and Limitations of Computational Algorithms in Clinical Diffusion Tensor MR Tractography (2010)

There have been numerous reports documenting the graphic reconstruction of 3D white matter architecture in the human brain by means of diffusion tensor MR tractography. Different from other reviews addressing the physics and clinical applications of DTI, this article reviews the computational principles of tractography algorithms appearing in the literature. The simplest voxel-based method and 2 widely used subvoxel approaches are illustrated first, together with brief notes on parameter selection and the restrictions arising from the distinct attributes of tract estimations. Subsequently, some advanced techniques attempting to offer improvement in various aspects are briefly introduced, including the increasingly popular research tracking tool using HARDI. The article explains the inherent technical limitations in most of the algorithms reported to date and concludes by providing a reference guideline for formulating routine applications of this important tool to clinical neuroradiology in an objective and reproducible manner.
Self-Optimized Coverage Coordination in Femtocell Networks (2010)

This paper proposes a self-optimized coverage coordination scheme for two-tier femtocell networks, in which a femtocell base station adjusts the transmit power based on the statistics of the signal and the interference power that is measured at a femtocell downlink. Furthermore, an analytic expression is derived for the coverage leakage probability that a femtocell coverage area leaks into an outdoor macrocell. The coverage analysis is verified by simulation, which shows that the proposed scheme provides sufficient indoor femtocell coverage and that the femtocell coverage does not leak into an outdoor macrocell.
Advanced Capacitor Dielectrics: Towards 2x nm DRAM (2011)

Electrical data of advanced capacitor dielectrics such as Sr-rich (Sr/(Sr + Ti) ~ 62%) strontium titanate (STO), rutile TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , which have dielectric constants higher than 60 even with physical thicknesses in the 7-10 nm range are presented. A practical capacitor model is proposed based on planar metal insulator-metal (MIM) system fabricated using 300 mm toolsets to access required capacitor dielectrics and to predict technical challenges of each technology node. Based on this practical model, mass production friendly path for the introduction of advanced capacitor dielectrics and its choice of electrode to extend life time of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is proposed.
Patient specific simulation and navigation of ventriculoscopic interventions. (2007)

In this paper a comprehensive framework for pre-operative planning, procedural skill training, and intraoperative navigation is presented. The goal of this system is to integrate surgical simulation with surgical planning in order to improve the individual treatment of patients. Various surgical approaches and new, more complex procedures can be assessed using a safe and objective platform that will allow the physicians to explore and discuss possible risks and benefits prior to the intervention. A simulation environment extends the pre-operative planning in a natural way, as it allows for direct evaluation of the surgical approach envisioned for each case. In addition, by providing intraoperative navigation based on this simulation, surgeons can carry out the previously optimized plan with higher precision and greater confidence.
Deep Residual Learning for Model-Based Iterative CT Reconstruction Using Plug-and-Play Framework (2018)

Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) has shown promising results in clinical studies as they allow significant dose reduction during CT scans while maintaining the diagnostic image quality. MBIR improves the image quality over analytical reconstruction by modeling both the sensor (e.g., forward model) and the image being reconstructed (e.g., prior model). While the forward model is typically based on the physics of the sensor, accurate prior modeling remains a challenging problem. Markov Random Field (MRF) has been widely used as prior models in MBIR due to simple structure, but they cannot completely capture the subtle characteristics of complex images. To tackle this challenge, we generate a prior model by learning the desirable image property from a large dataset. Toward this, we use Plug-and-Play (PnP) framework which decouples the forward model and the prior model in the optimization procedure, replacing the prior model optimization by a image denoising operator. Then, we adopt the state-of-the-art deep residual learning for the image denoising operator which represents the prior model in MBIR. Experimental results on real CT scans demonstrate that our PnP MBIR with deep residual learning prior significantly reduces the noise and artifacts compared to analytical reconstruction and standard MBIR with MRF prior.
Isolation of antibodies specific to a single conformation-dependant antigenic determinant on the EG95 hydatid vaccine (2008)

EG95 is a recombinant vaccine protein that elicits protection against hydatid disease in sheep. Previous studies have shown that the host-protective epitopes on EG95 depend on correct conformation and cannot be represented by simple "linear" peptides. By screening random peptide phage display libraries with polyclonal antibodies directed against conformation-dependant epitopes of EG95, we have selected a number of peptides that mimic these epitopes. The selected peptides did not show sequence homology to EG95. Antigen binding assays involving these peptides have provided evidence of at least four conformationally-dependant epitope regions on EG95. One of the selected peptides, E100, has been used to purify antibodies from anti-sera raised in sheep vaccinated with EG95. This yielded monospecific antibodies capable of recognizing recombinant EG95 in ELISA and native EG95 in Western blot assays. This antibody was demonstrated to be effective in antibody-dependant complement-mediated in vitro killing of Echinococcus granulosus oncospheres. Peptide E100 may represent the basis for a quality control assay for EG95 production, and has the potential to become a component of a synthetic peptide-based vaccine against E. granulosus.
Characterization of combinatorial patterns generated by multiple two‐component sensors in E. coli that respond to many stimuli (2010)

Two-component systems enable bacteria to sense changes in their environment and adjust gene expression in response. Multiple two-component systems could function as a combinatorial sensor to discriminate environmental conditions. A combinatorial sensor is composed of a set of sensors that are non-specifically activated to different magnitudes by many stimuli, such that their collective activity pattern defines the signal. Using promoter reporters and flow cytometry, we measured the response of three two-component systems in Escherichia coli that have been previously reported to respond to many environmental stimuli (EnvZ/OmpR, CpxA/CpxR, and RcsC/RcsD/RcsB). A chemical library was screened for the ability to activate the sensors and 13 inducers were identified that produce different patterns of sensor activity. The activities of the three systems are uncorrelated with each other and the osmolarity of the inducing media. Five of the seven possible non-trivial patterns generated by three sensors are observed. This data demonstrate one mechanism by which bacteria are able to use a limited set of sensors to identify a diverse set of compounds and environmental conditions.
Tanshinone I Activates the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Response and Protects Against As(III)-Induced Lung Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

T-I represents a prototype Nrf2-activator that displays cytoprotective activity upon systemic administration targeting lung damage originating from environmental insults. T-I based Nrf2-directed systemic intervention may provide therapeutic benefit in protecting other organs against environmental insults.
Bringing the Commercial Buildings Sector under One Roof: Mobilizing Broad Stakeholder Collaboration to Accelerate Market Transition to Net Zero Energy (2010)

Transforming the commercial buildings market to achieve dramatically lower levels of energy use requires a comprehensive and concerted industry effort, sufficient in scale to influence the more than $600 billion per year that the sector spends on new construction, renovation, and energy. Many stakeholders—including industry and professional associations, voluntary high-performance building organizations, codes and standards organizations, the federal government, leading utilities, state and local agencies, private building designers, developers, owners and operators, and equipment manufacturers—will need to participate actively and in concert to effectively restructure today’s standard design-build-operate process. In response to the need for more aggressive and effective action, the Commercial Buildings Consortium, a multi-year public/private initiative is underway, focused on achieving sector-wide transformation through coordinated technology development, demonstration, and deployment supported by major innovations in policy, financing, project design and delivery, and building energy management. Industry stakeholders have convened a broad-based consortium, which is organized around 11 working groups covering topics ranging from building envelope, systems and controls, integrated design and delivery, benchmarking and performance assurance, financing, and workforce development, with the primary objective of accelerating needed technology innovation, process change, and market transformation. Through development and dissemination of a Next Generation Technologies report and an Analysis of Cost and Non-cost Barriers and Policy Solutions report, the more than 340 consortium members are developing and delivering strategies and best practices to achieve a market transition to net zero energy 1 new commercial buildings by 2030 and all commercial buildings by 2050.
DME/DME navigation using a single low-cost SDR and sequential operation (2014)

• The new sequential DME/DME concept was introduced to develop a DME/DME positioning system in the ZeptoSDR platform • The position accuracy is dependent on the stations geometry and the distance measurement errors, which is highly accurate • To get the best performance from the system, station geometry should be controlled • Integration of DME/DME navigation with other navigation systems, such as GNSS, is also an interesting future research and would help to reduce the position bias • The interrogator performs the complete search/tracking procedure before switching to the next ground station channel in a positioning rate of about 0.2 Hz • Accelerate the process by decreasing the interrogator dwell time at each frequency to the minimum allowed (about 20 ms) — Improved accuracy • Stations selection for optimal geometry based on availability can be investigated in the future • Implementation of more advanced position smoothing and distance computation methods to increase accuracy
Scalable Gas Diffusion Electrode Fabrication for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Using Physical Vapor Deposition Methods (2022)

Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (ECR) promises the replacement of fossil fuels as the source of feedstock chemicals and seasonal storage of renewable energy. While much progress has been made in catalyst development and electrochemical reactor design, few studies have addressed the effect of catalyst integration on device performance. Using a microfluidic gas diffusion electrolyzer, we systematically studied the effect of thickness and the morphology of electron beam (EB) and magnetron-sputtered (MS) Cu catalyst coatings on ECR performance. We observed that EB-Cu outperforms MS-Cu in current density, selectivity, and energy efficiency, with 400 nm thick catalyst coatings performing the best. The superior performance of EB-Cu catalysts is assigned to their faceted surface morphology and sharper Cu/gas diffusion layer interface, which increases their hydrophobicity. Tests in a large-scale zero-gap electrolyzer yielded similar product selectivity distributions with an ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 39% at 200 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, demonstrating the scalability for industrial ECR applications.
ITP and pregnancy (2003)

The question, “Doctor, is it safe for me to become pregnant?” is one of the more charged issues confronting a woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and her physician. Maternal platelet counts can fall during even uncomplicated pregnancies. Some of the drugs commonly used to manage
Realization of Boolean Logic Functionality Using Redox‐Based Memristive Devices (2015)

Emerging resistively switching devices are thought to enable ultradense passive nanocrossbar arrays for use as random access memories (ReRAM) by the end of the decade, both for embedded and mass storage applications. Moreover, ReRAMs offer inherent logic‐in‐memory (LIM) capabilities due to the nonvolatility of the devices and therefore great potential to reduce the communication between memory and calculation unit by alleviating the so‐called von Neumann bottleneck. A single bipolar resistive switching device is capable of performing 14 of 16 two input logic functions in the logic concept presented by Linn et al. (“CRS‐logic”). In this paper, five types of selectorless devices are considered to validate this CRS‐logic concept is experimentally by means of the IMP and AND logic operations. As reference device a TaO x ‐based ReRAM cell is considered, which is compared to three more advanced device configurations consisting either of a threshold supported resistive switch (TS‐ReRAM), a complementary switching device (CS), or a complementary resistive switch (CRS). It is shown that all of these devices offer the desired LIM behavior. Moreover, the feasibility of XOR and XNOR operations using a modified logic concept is applied for both CS and CRS devices and the pros and cons are discussed.
Total synthesis of rutamycin B via Suzuki macrocyclization (1998)

The macrolide rutamycin B containing 17 stereogenic centres and a 26-membered ring was synthesized by a route which features a chelate-controlled, double differentiating aldol reaction and ring closure by means of a vinyl–vinyl coupling.
Effect of photodeposited iron oxide and tin oxide on the consolidation of porous Vycor glass (1990)

Iron oxide and tin oxide have been photodeposited in porous Vycor glass and examined before and after consolidation of the glass. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the iron oxide particles are larger than the tin oxide particles. However, small-angle x-ray scattering and Rutherford backscattering show that the glass consolidates about the iron oxide but not about the tin oxide. Photodeposition of tin oxide, which appears to chemically modify the glass surface and to prevent its consolidation, offers a means of producing highly resolved regions of porosity in the otherwise consolidated glass.
Steel truss exposed to localized fires : Experimental report from a large scale experiment with a steel truss exposed to localized fires (2015)

Godkänd; 2015; 20151001 (joasan)
OBLIQUE IMPACT TESTING OF BICYCLE HELMETS (2003)

Four aspects of a monorail guided drop tester, compliant to bicycle helmet test standards CPSC §1203.17, were modified (Figure 1): 1) to simulate oblique impacts, the standard flat anvil was replaced by a 30° oblique anvil; 2) to allow for unconstrained motion during the oblique impact, the head-form was connected to the drop follower with three highly flexible steel cables; 3) to measure linear acceleration in oblique impacts, the standard uniaxial accelerometer mounted at the headform center of mass was replaced by a biaxial accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics 356B21, Depew, NY); and 4) to measure angular acceleration in oblique tests a second uniaxial accelerometer (ACC103, Omega, Stamford, CT) was mounted at 90mm horizontal distance to the center of mass. Acceleration differences between the two accelerometers were used to estimate the angular acceleration pulse during helmet impact under the assumption of headform rotation around a transverse axis.
Gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7. Characterization of the product synthesized by the T7 DNA polymerase and gene 4 protein in the absence of ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates. (1978)

DNA polymerase and gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7 catalyze extensive DNA synthesis on duplex phage T7 or PM2 DNA templates containing single strand breaks. A variety of physicochemical techniques have been used to characterize the DNA product synthesized in this reaction in the absence of ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates. Pyknographic and sedimentation analyses reveal that all of the newly synthesized DNA is covalently attached to the template DNA. Analysis by electron microscopy shows the major portion of the product molecules synthesized on duplex T7 DNA templates to consist of a double-stranded branch attached to an intact template molecule. Using PM2 DNA templates, the predominant product consists of a double-stranded branch attached to the circular PM2 DNA template. Analyses of these product molecules indicate that DNA synthesis by the gene 4 protein and T7 DNA polymerase is initiated at single strand breaks in the duplex DNA and that synthesis is accompanied by extensive displacement of one of the parental strands. At later times in the reaction, a portion of the 3'-hydroxyl terminus of the newly synthesized DNA is displaced from the template by branch migration and is used as a primer by the DNA polymerase to copy the displaced 5' single-stranded parental strand to form a duplex branch.
Combined Biocatalytic and Chemical Transformations of Oleic Acid to ω‐Hydroxynonanoic Acid and α,ω‐Nonanedioic Acid (2016)

Abstract A practical chemoenzymatic method for the synthesis of 9‐hydroxynonanoic acid and 1,9‐nonanedioic acid (i.e., azelaic acid) from oleic acid [(9 Z )‐octadec‐9‐enoic acid] was investigated. Biotransformation of oleic acid into 9‐(nonanoyloxy)nonanoic acid via 10‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 10‐keto‐octadecanoic acid was driven by a C‐9 double bond hydratase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , an alcohol dehydrogenase from Micrococcus luteus , and a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which was expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli . After production of the ester (i.e., the BVMO reaction product), the compound was chemically hydrolyzed to n ‐nonanoic acid and 9‐hydroxynonanoic acid because n ‐nonanoic acid is toxic to E. coli . The ester was also converted into 9‐hydroxynonanoic acid and the n ‐nonanoic acid methyl ester, which can be oxygenated into the 9‐hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester by the AlkBGT from P. putida GPo1. Finally, 9‐hydroxynonanoic acid was chemically oxidized to azelaic acid with a high yield under fairly mild reaction conditions. For example, whole‐cell biotransformation at a high cell density (i.e., 10 g dry cells/L) allowed the final ester product concentration and volumetric productivity to reach 25 mM and 2.8 mM h −1 , respectively. The overall molar yield of azelaic acid from oleic acid was 58%, based on the biotransformation and chemical transformation conversion yields of 84% and 68%, respectively. magnified image
Residue Specific Hydration of Primary Cell Wall Potato Pectin Identified by Solid-State 13C Single-Pulse MAS and CP/MAS NMR Spectroscopy (2011)

Hydration of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) derived from potato cell wall was analyzed by (13)C single-pulse (SP) magic-angle-spinning (MAS) and (13)C cross-polarization (CP) MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and supported by (2)H SP/MAS NMR experiments. The study shows that the arabinan side chains hydrate more readily than the galactan side chains and suggests that the overall hydration properties can be controlled by modifying the ratio of these side chains. Enzymatic modification of native (NA) RG-I provided samples with reduced content of arabinan (sample DA), galactan (sample DG), or both side chains (sample DB). Results of these samples suggested that hydration properties were determined by the length and character of the side chains. NA and DA exhibited similar hydration characteristics, whereas DG and DB were difficult to hydrate because of the less hydrophilic properties of the rhamnose-galacturonic acid (Rha-GalA) backbone in RG-I. Potential food ingredient uses of RG-I by tailoring of its structure are discussed.
Assessment of Clinical Benefit of Integrative Genomic Profiling in Advanced Solid Tumors (2021)

The high rate of therapeutically relevant PGVs identified across diverse cancer types supports a recommendation for directed germline testing in all patients with advanced cancer. The high frequency of therapeutically relevant somatic and germline findings in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary origin and other rare cancers supports the use of comprehensive NGS profiling as a component of standard of care for these disease entities.
Efficient orbital structures segmentation with prior anatomical knowledge (2017)

We present a fully automatic method for segmenting orbital structures (globes, optic nerves, and extraocular muscles) in CT images. Prior anatomical knowledge, such as shape, intensity, and spatial relationships of organs and landmarks, were utilized to define a volume of interest (VOI) that contains the desired structures. Then, VOI was used for fast localization and successful segmentation of each structure using predefined rules. Testing our method with 30 publicly available datasets, the average Dice similarity coefficient for right and left sides of [0.81, 0.79] eye globes, [0.72, 0.79] optic nerves, and [0.73, 0.76] extraocular muscles were achieved. The proposed method is accurate, efficient, does not require training data, and its intuitive pipeline allows the user to modify or extend to other structures.