gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An RF Carrier Bursting System Using Partial Quantization Noise Cancellation (2011)

This paper introduces a method for bandpass cancellation of the quantization noise occurring in high efficiency, envelope pulsed transmitter architectures-or carrier bursting. An equivalent complex baseband model of the proposed system, including the -modulator and cancellation signal generation, is developed. Analysis of the baseband model is performed, leading to analytical expressions of the power amplifier drain efficiency, assuming the use of an ideal class B power amplifier. These expressions are further used to study the impact of key system parameters, i.e. the compensation signal variance and clipping probability, on the class B power amplifier drain efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio. The paper concludes with simulations followed by practical measurements in order to validate the functionality of the method and to evaluate the performance-trend predictions made by the theoretical framework in terms of efficiency and spectral purity.
Syntheses, Crystal and Band Structures, and Magnetic and Optical Properties of New CsLnCdTe3 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd−Tm, and Lu) (2008)

A series of new quaternary semiconductor materials CsLnCdTe(3) (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm, and Lu) was obtained from high-temperature solid-state reactions by the reactive halide flux method. These compounds belong to the layered KZrCuS(3) structure type and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (No. 63). Their structure features two-dimensional infinity(2)[LnCdTe(3)-] layers of edge- and vertex-sharing LnTe(6) octahedra with Cd atoms filling the tetrahedral interstices, which stack along b-axis. The Cs atoms are located between the infinity(2)[LnCdTe(3)-] layers and are surrounded by eight Te atoms to form a CsTe(8) bicapped trigonal prism. Such Te layers are more flexible than the Se analogues in the isostructural CsLnMSe(3) to accommodate nearly the entire Ln series. Theoretical studies performed on CsTmCdTe(3) show that the material is a direct band gap semiconductor and agrees with the result from a single-crystal optical absorption measurement. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the CsLnCdTe(3) (Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Tm) materials exhibit temperature-dependent paramagnetism and obey the Curie-Weiss law, whereas CsSmCdTe(3) does not.
In Situ TEM Investigation of ZnO Nanowires during Sodiation and Lithiation Cycling (2017)

The development of sodium‐ion batteries has drawn lots of attention recently due to the low‐cost and eco‐friendly sodium source. However, a fundamental understanding of the sodiation behavior for commonly used electrode materials is still limited. Here, combining in situ transmission electron microscopy, aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, and ex situ battery cycling tests, the lithiation and sodiation behavior of ZnO nanowires is investigated. The findings show a direct correlation between the mechanical behavior of the lithiated/sodiated ZnO nanowires and their electrochemical cyclability. The mechanical brittleness of LiZn and the formation of nanocracks lead to the poor cyclability of Li‐ion batteries with a ZnO anode. However, the sodiated ZnO nanowires show profuse dislocation plasticity. The observed high‐density dislocations offer the sodiated ZnO anode more ductility and subsequently better cyclability than its Li‐ion counterpart. The results reveal the importance of understanding the correlation between mechanical properties of battery electrodes and their cycling abilities.
New acyclic nucleoside analogues. Stereospecific synthesis of purines and pyrimidines substituted with chiral chains by sugar-ring opening of β-D-galactopyranosyl nucleosides (1994)

2′,3′- and 3′,4′-Seco-nucleosides, retaining the carbon framework of β-D-ribofuranosyl nucleosides but having a hydroxymethyl substituent on the 4′ or 5′ position, have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. These hitherto unknown chiral acyclic nucleosides were stereospecifically prepared by ring opening of β-D-galactopyranosyl nucleosides by means of periodate oxidation followed by borohydride reduction. None of the prepared compounds showed marked antiviral effect against a variety of DNA and RNA viruses.
Decentralized multi-cell beamforming coordination for multiuser MISO systems (2011)

In this paper, we consider a coordinated downlink beamforming problem for a multi-cell network where each multiantenna base station (BS) serves multiple single antenna users. The optimization objective is to minimize the total transmitted power across coordinated BSs while guaranteeing user specific SINR targets. We propose a decentralized beamformer design algorithm which is based on primal decomposition method and uplink-downlink duality. Original optimization problem is decomposed via primal decomposition into two levels, i.e., BS specific subproblems managed by a network-level master problem. Master problem is solved at each BS using a subgradient method, and it requires a limited amount of backhaul information exchange between BSs. The main contribution of the paper is an uplink-downlink duality based beamformer design for solving each BS specific subproblem. Due to properties of uplink-downlink duality, convex optimization tools are not required in the proposed approach. Since the original problem is convex, global convergence of the algorithm is guaranteed and optimal beamformers are achieved across BSs. Moreover, feasible beamformers, which satisfy the SINR targets, are guaranteed at each iteration during the convergence process. Convergence behavior of the proposed approach is studied through simulations.
Efficient infrared thermal emitters based on low-albedo polaritonic meta-surfaces (2013)

A low-albedo all-semiconductor meta-surface with spectrally selective absorption peaks is demonstrated. By engineering the dimensions and shapes of the semiconductor antennas comprising the meta-surface, simultaneous reduction of reflectivity and enhancement of absorption are accomplished by controlling their electric and magnetic resonances. Thermal emissivity of the silicon carbide-based meta-surface is experimentally measured and found in agreement with both absorption measurements and theoretical predictions.
Air-Writing with Sparse Network of Radars using Spatio-Temporal Learning (2021)

Hand gesture and motion sensing offer an intuitive and natural form of human-machine interface. Air-writing systems allow users to draw alpha-numerical or linguistic characters in the virtual board in air through hand gestures. Traditionally, radar-based air-writing systems have been based on a network of radars, at least three, to localize the hand target through trilateration algorithm followed by tracking to extract the drawn trajectory, which is then followed by recognition of the drawn character by either Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) utilizing the sensed trajectory or Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) utilizing a reconstructed 2D image from the trajectory. However, the practical deployments of such systems are limited since the detection of the finger or hand target by all three radars cannot be guaranteed leading to failure of the trilateration algorithm. Further placement of three or more radars for the air-writing solution is neither always physically plausible nor cost-effective. Furthermore, these solutions do not exploit the full potentials of deep neural networks, which are generally capable of learning features implicitly. In this paper, we propose an air-writing system based on a network of sparse radars, i.e. strictly less than three, using 1D DCNN-LSTM-1D transposed DCNN architecture to reconstruct and classify the drawn character utilizing only the range information from each radar. The paper employs real data using one and two 60 GHz milli-meter wave radar sensors to demonstrate the success of the proposed air-writing solution.
P2‐429: PRESERVED CORTICAL THICKNESS IN ALZHEIMER SIGNATURE REGIONS: RESISTANCE TO AMYLOID ACCUMULATION IN NORMAL AGING (2018)

Correlates of cognitive changes in aging are complex. Detecting early Alzheimer's disease (AD) depends on an accurate understanding of the normal aging brain. High cortical amyloid burden, which is thought to reflect preclinical AD, is not always associated with poor cognitive performance. This discrepancy could be explained by the presence of cognitive reserve and brain reserve (BR) measures. We hypothesize that cortical thickness (CoT) could be used as a marker of BR in normal aging and thus provide resistance to expression of cognitive decline. 113 cognitively normal elderly subjects recruited in the community were classified as having thin cortex (1S.D below mean, ALZ+, “higher risk” for preclinical AD) or thick cortex (+/- and >1S.D over mean, ALZ-, “lower risk” for preclinical AD) in 11 cortical regions involved in AD based on current literature (see figure 1). Amyloid burden was measured with PET scan using Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB); subjects were classified as PiB+ (SUVR>1.24) and PiB-. Episodic memory (EM) score was measured with Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Delayed Recall (RAVLT) across four ALZ/PiB groups and linear regression was used to determine if CoT and PiB were predictors EM score. Cortical Regions of Interest (ROIs). ROIs - A: Inferior temporal gyrus; B: Temporal pole; C: Angular gyrus; D; Superior frontal gyrus; E: Superior parietal lobule; F: Supramarginal gyrus; G: Precuneus; H: Posterior cingulate cortex; I: Inferior frontal gyrus; J: Parahippocampal gyrus; K: Medial temporal gyrus CoT in 11 regions was not associated with PiB (p=0.351). ALZ+ was associated (p=0.011) with lower EM scores, despite a similar amyloid burden when compared to ALZ- (p>0.39). EM score was predicted by ALZ groups (p=0.03) and PiB (p=0.005), but not by age (p>0.9). Amongst ALZ- subjects, there was no difference in EM score regardless of amyloid burden (p=0.139). Our data supports the idea that CoT could represent a proxy for brain reserve in healthy elderly, possibly explaining preserved cognitive performance in the presence amyloid accumulation. We further demonstrated CoT is sensitive to very early EM changes in healthy elderly.
A Macromolecule Reversing Antibiotic Resistance Phenotype and Repurposing Drugs as Potent Antibiotics (2020)

In order to mitigate antibiotic resistance, a new strategy to increase antibiotic potency and reverse drug resistance is needed. Herein, the translocation mechanism of an antimicrobial guanidinium-functionalized polycarbonate is leveraged in combination with traditional antibiotics to afford a potent treatment for drug-resistant bacteria. Particularly, this polymer-antibiotic combination approach reverses rifampicin resistance phenotype in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> demonstrating a 2.5 × 10<sup>5</sup>-fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a 4096-fold reduction in minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). This approach also enables the repurposing of auranofin as an antibiotic against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria with a 512-fold MIC and 128-fold MBC reduction, respectively. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of polymer-rifampicin combination is demonstrated in a MDR bacteremia mouse model. This combination approach lays foundational ground rules for a new class of antibiotic adjuvants capable of reversing drug resistance phenotype and repurposing drugs against MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
High frequency of hMSH6 mutations in patients with MSI-low tumors (1998)

Berends, M. J.W.; Wu, Y.; Sijmons, R. H.; Hollema, H.; Karrenbeld, A.; van der Zee, A. G.J.; Buys, C. H.C.M.; Hofstra, R. M.W.; Kleibeuker, J. H. Author Information
Reducing Network Depth in the Cascade-Correlation Learning Architecture, (1994)

The Cascade-Correlation learning algorithm constructs a multi-layer artificial neural network as it learns to perform a given task.The resulting network's size and topology are chosen specifically for this task.In the resulting "cascade" networks, each new hidden unit receives incoming connections from all input and pre-existing hidden units.In effect, each new unit adds a new layer to the network.This allows Cascade-Correlation to create complex feature detectors, but it typically results in a network that is deeper, in terms of the longest path from input to output, than is necessary to solve the problem efficiently.In this paper we investigate a simple variation of Cascade-Correlation that will build deep nets if necessary, but that is biased toward minimizing network depth.We demonstrate empirically, across a range of problems, that this simple technique can reduce network depth, often dramatically.However, we show that this technique does not, in general, reduce the total number of weights or improve the generalization ability of the resulting networks.
Medical Comorbidity is Associated with Persistent Index Hip Pain after Total Hip Arthroplasty (2013)

This study identified new correlates of moderate-severe hip pain after primary or revision THA, a much-feared outcome of hip arthroplasty. Patients with these comorbidities should be informed regarding the risk of moderate-severe index hip pain, so that they can have a fully informed consent and realistic expectations.
TRACHEOBRONCHIAL CYTOLOGIC CHANGES AND ABNORMAL SERUM HEME PIGMENTS IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK (1977)

Significantly elevated numbers of iron laden histiocytes have been shown to appear in the tracheobronchial secretions of subjects in hemorrhagic shock and in patients undergoing open heart-surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass (3, 4). Abnormal heme pigments have also been demonstrated in the serum of dogs bled to hemorrhagic shock (6) and have been felt to be toxic. Because the ingestion of abnormal heme pigments by histiocytes may be part of a defense mechanism, we have attempted to correlate the percentage of iron laden histiocytes found in the tracheobronchial secretions of patients in hemorrhagic shock (Prussian blue method) with the presence of degradation of products of hemoglobin found in their serum by scanning spectrophotometry. There were, generally speaking, few iron laden histiocytes when hemoglobin degradation was advanced, and always numerous iron laden histiocytes when abnormal heme pigments were absent or spectrophotometric findings revealed minor degrees of degradation. Our findings probably reflect the process in the reticuloendothelial systems which eliminates toxic products accumulating in the circulation in low-flow states.
Secreted and cellular polypeptide patterns of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells following either estrogen stimulation or v-H-ras transfection. (1989)

The polypeptide patterns of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (MCF-7gpt) and a stably v-H-ras-transfected subclone (MCF-7ras) have been analyzed following estradiol treatment. Since both estradiol and v-H-ras transfection increase tumorigenicity of MCF-7 cells, this study was designed to ascertain if specific changes in polypeptides were common in both treatments. Separation of cellular and secreted polypeptides was accomplished by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the consequent patterns were analyzed with computer assistance. Estradiol treatment of the MCF-7gpt cells reduced the number of differences found in the polypeptide patterns between MCF-7gpt and MCF-7ras. Twelve cellular polypeptides were consistently modulated by either estradiol or v-H-ras, with four polypeptides clearly affected in the same way by both treatments. Polypeptides Gchc-0845 (Mr 54,000, pI 6.9) and Gchc-0902 (Mr 52,000, pI 6.3) were suppressed by estradiol and v-H-ras, while Gchc-1240 (Mr 34,000, pI 4.4) and Gchc-1396 (Mr 23,000, pI 5.3) were induced by estradiol and v-H-ras. Sixteen secreted polypeptides were altered by at least 2-fold subsequent to estradiol treatment or v-H-ras transfection. Transfection with v-H-ras had a greater effect than estradiol, stimulating the secretion of eight polypeptides and suppressing the secretion of seven polypeptides compared to estradiol which increased secretion of five polypeptides and decreased secretion of an additional three polypeptides, respectively. Synergistic effects by estradiol and v-H-ras were noted for three polypeptides. The secretion of Gcls-175 (Mr 50,000, pI 5.7) and Gcls-320 (Mr less than 14,000, pI 3.6, p-S2) was increased, while the secretion of Gcls-112 (Mr 76,000, pI 6.9) was decreased. Opposing effects of estradiol and v-H-ras were seen for seven polypeptides including the Mr 48,000 derivative of the Mr 52,000 protein (cathepsin D). These studies support the possibility that an extremely few, but specific polypeptides are regulated in association with quite diverse tumorigenic stimuli in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
Recombinant human interleukin 6 (B cell stimulatory factor 2) enhances immunoglobulin secretion by single murine hapten-specific B cells in the absence of cell division (1989)

We have assessed the role of recombinant human IL-6 (r-hu-IL-6) in promotion of early activation, proliferation, and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion amongst single hapten-specific murine splenic B cells in vitro. It was found that r-hu-IL-6 acting alone was able to induce early B cell activation in a proportion of B cells, as measured by a significant increase in cell diameter within 24 h. An enhanced effect was seen in the concomitant presence of a 'T-independent' antigen. None of the B cells activated by r-hu-IL-6 appeared to divide, as the frequencies of proliferating clones induced by either medium alone or antigen alone were virtually identical whether r-hu-IL-6 was present or absent. However, assay of the culture supernatants for the presence of Ig by ELISA revealed that r-hu-IL-6 effected a significant 2-fold increase in the frequency of B cells secreting Ig. Thus, the prime effect of r-hu-IL-6 appears to be to recruit more precursor B cells into Ig secretion, rather than to promote proliferation or to enhance the amount of Ig secreted by pre-committed but non-cycling B cells. Delayed addition experiments showed that r-hu-IL-6 enhanced Ig secretion late in the activation pathway. Kinetics studies demonstrated detectable Ig secretion as early as day 2, and when taken with its apparent ability to induce early activation, these findings suggest that IL-6 is not exclusively a late-acting interleukin. Studies with size fractionated hapten-specific B cells showed the larger B cells to be preferentially responsive to r-hu-IL-6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electron-Beam-Initiated Polymerization of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Wood Impregnants (2010)

The current study demonstrates that methacrylate and acrylate poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functional oligomers can be effectively impregnated into wood blocks, and cured efficiently to high conversions without catalyst by e-beam radiation, allowing for less susceptibility to leaching, and favorable properties including higher Brinell hardness values. PEG based monomers were chosen because there is a long history of this water-soluble monomer being able to penetrate the cell wall, thus bulking it and decreasing the uptake of water which further protects the wood from fungal attack. Diacrylate, dimethacrylate, and dihydroxyl functional PEG of M(w) 550-575, of concentrations 0, 30, 60, and 100 wt % in water, were vacuum pressure impregnated into Scots Pine blocks of 15 × 25 × 50 mm in an effort to bulk the cell wall. The samples were then irradiated and compared with nonirradiated samples. It was shown by IR, DSC that the acrylate polymers were fully cured to much higher conversions than can be reached with conventional methods. Leaching studies indicated a much lower amount of oligomer loss from the cured vinyl functional PEG chains in comparison to hydroxyl functional PEG indicating a high degree of fastening of the polymer in the wood. The Brinell hardness indicated a significant increase in hardness to hardwood levels in the modified samples compared to the samples of hydroxyl functional PEG and uncured vinyl PEG samples, which actually became softer than the untreated Scots Pine. By monitoring the dimensions of the sample it was found by weight percent gain calculations (WPG %) that water helps to swell the wood structure and allow better access of the oligomers into the cell wall. Further, the cure shrinkage of the wood samples demonstrated infiltration of the oligomers into the cell wall as this was not observed for methyl methacrylate which is well-documented to remain in the lumen. However, dimensional stability of the vinyl polymer modified blocks when placed in water was not observed to the same extent as PEG.
VOC-Induced Flexing of Single and Multilayer Polyethylene Films As Gas Sensors (2016)

The differential swelling and bending of multilayer polymeric films due to the dissimilar uptake of volatile organic compounds (VOCs; n-hexane, limonene) in the different layers was studied. Motions of thin polyethylene films triggered by the penetrant were investigated to learn more about how their deformation is related to VOC absorption. Single layers of metallocene or low-density polyethylene, and multilayers (2-288 layers) of these in alternating positions were considered. Single-, 24-, and 288-layer films displayed no motion when uniformly subjected to VOCs, but they could display simple curving modes when only one side of the film was wetted with a liquid VOC. Two-layer films displayed simple bending when uniformly subjected to VOCs due to the different swelling in the two layers, but when the VOC was applied to only one side of the film, more complex modes of motion as well as dynamic oscillations were observed (e.g., constant amplitude wagging at 2 Hz for ca. 50 s until all the VOC had evaporated). Diffusion modeling was used to study the transport behavior of VOCs inside the films and the different bending modes. Finally a prototype VOC sensor was developed, where the reproducible curving of the two-layer film was calibrated with n-hexane. The sensor is simple, cost-efficient, and nondestructive and requires no electricity.
Reduction of ultrasonic multiple scattering applied to flaw detection with array probes in polycrystalline materials (2013)

Flaw detection using ultrasonic evaluation of coarse-grain steels is perturbed by a high structural noise due to scattering. This leads to a decrease of the detection capabilities, particularly at high frequencies and large depths for which multiple scattering dominates. Recent academic studies have shown that the contribution of multiple scattering could be dramatically reduced. These results were obtained on a model random medium made of parallel steel rods immersed in water. The ability to detect a target could be significantly increased using a specific filtering method, based on the full matrix capture (F.M.C.) combined with a smart post-treatment based on random matrix theory, in supplement with the DORT method (i.e., decomposition of the time-reversal operator). Here, the same technique to separate simple and multiple scattering contributions is now applied to a real material. Experimental results were obtained on a nickel-based alloy (Inconel600®) with a thermically induced coarse grain structure and manufactured flaws (side drilled holes) at different depths. The experimental set-up used a multi-element ultrasonic array. Results are presented and compared to other detection techniques, at various depths and frequencies. Despite a dominant multiple scattering noise, a significant improvement of the detection performances is observed.