gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of size of polystyrene particles on their retention within the rat peritoneal compartment, and on their interaction with rat peritoneal macrophages (1991)

Polystyrene particles (size range 300 nm-3 microns diameter) were radioiodinated and their capture by rat peritoneal macrophages measured in vitro. For unmodified particles, most efficient accumulation was observed using a diameter of 600 nm (Endocytic Index (E.I.) = 16.4 +/- 2.9 microliters/10(6) cells/h). Particles (3 microns diameter) which had been modified to become more hydrophilic by hydroxymethylation showed an increased rate of capture (E.I. = 136.6 +/- 91.2 microliters/10(6) cells/h). Following intraperitoneal administration to rats, unmodified 3 micron particles showed selective accumulation in the omentum (18.4% injected dose/g), and this was increased for the hydroxymethylated bead (35.3% dose/g). The smaller (800 nm) particles were better able to leave the peritoneal compartment. Radiolabelled particles isolated from a peritoneal wash after 5 h were mostly cell-associated (72-86%, depending on the type of particle).
IR Characterization of Homogeneously Mixed Silica–Alumina Samples and Dealuminated Y Zeolites by Using Pyridine, CO, and Propene Probe Molecules (2013)

Homogeneously mixed silica–alumina samples with various Si/Al ratios (Si/Al = 9/1, 7/3, 5/5, 3/7, and 1/9) were prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Pyridine, propene, and CO were used as probe molecules to detect Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. The homogeneity of Si and Al in mixed oxides was confirmed by comparison with a physical mixture of pure silica and alumina. The continuous change of spectral appeared by increasing or decreasing the Si/Al ratio in silica–alumina samples. The frequency of the broad band due to surface OH groups hydrogen-bonded to CO was found to be a measure of the Si/Al ratio in silica–alumina samples roughly. This information was used to characterize steam-treated HY and NH4Y zeolites. Dealumination from the framework structure and generation of extra-framework silica–alumina were apparent for both steam-treated zeolites, which were not identified by X-ray diffraction patterns and microscope images. The Si/Al ratios of the formed silica–alumina on steam-treated YH and NH4Y zeolites were roughly estimated to be 5/5 and 7/3, respectively, by the peak position of hydrogen-bonded OH bands when CO was adsorbed. The acid strength of both steam-treated samples was weakened, and it was more apparent for HY than NH4Y zeolite.
Three New Cholinesterase‐Inhibiting cis‐Clerodane Diterpenoids from Otostegia limbata. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Modélisation hydrosédimentaire appliquée à la validation d'un concept innovant de port de plaisance (2011)

Le concept de port de plaisance brevet BlueRing est dcrit. Ses possibilits d'implantation sont tudies. Le problme d'envasement est caractris en fonction de la turbidit des eaux environnantes et des conditions de marnage de la mare. Une solution de port autonettoyant est valide travers une modlisation hydrosdimentaire. Cette solution consiste en une remise en suspension des dpts de vase effectue priodiquement des instants prcis, de faon provoquer une expulsion des sdiments par le courant de jusant. Enfin, des stratgies pour la gestion des dpts de vase dans les ports BlueRing sont prconises selon l'importance du taux d'envasement, et en tenant compte des conditions de mare et de turbidit des eaux environnantes.
Urinary Corticosterone as an Indicator of Stress-Mediated Immunological Changes in Rats (2008)

Drugs that target the CNS or doses of drugs near the maximum tolerated dose may cause a non-specific stress response during routine safety testing in rodents that leads to the release of corticosterone and changes immunological parameters. In situations with mild clinical signs of stress and changes to immune organs, it may be difficult to differentiate direct immunotoxicity from changes mediated by stress. To address this concern, studies were conducted to identify potential biomarker of stress in rats that could be used in routine toxicology studies. Since serial blood collections for corticosterone levels are not practical, studies were conducted to evaluate urine corticosterone and its metabolites as a potential biomarker of stress in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Exogenous corticosterone was used as a reference to identify immune system targets and determine their relative sensitivity to corticosterone. The data from rats treated with exogenous corticosterone and from rats treated with drug or chemical stressors produced linear relationships between urine corticosterone and most immunological parameters, with r-squared values greater than 0.6. Thus, quantitatively similar effects on immunological end points are produced by exogenous corticosterone and by corticosterone induced by chemical stressors with regard to their correlation to selected immunological changes. In preclinical safety testing for a new drug, the combined findings of increased urinary corticosterone and changes of the predicted magnitude and direction in blood lymphocyte and neutrophil differentials and thymus weight or cellularity would strongly suggest that the immunological effects are secondary to a drug-induced stress response. Because these results can be obtained reliably during routine preclinical evaluations, they should be useful for the weight-of-evidence approaches often used in regulatory settings.
Pig anelloviruses are highly prevalent in swine herds in France (2005)

A survey of anelloviruses in swine herds from Britanny, France, is reported. By using PCR targeted to the conserved untranslated region, prevalences of 93 and 73 % were found among 15 herds and 33 animals, respectively. The lung was the organ found to be positive most frequently among the five organs tested from 32 animals. The highest identity levels of our nucleotide sequences were found with pig isolates from Japan and with an isolate from Tupaia belangeri. Interestingly, when aligning all available swine isolates from France and Japan, at least two phylogenetic groups were identified, each one containing clones from France and Japan. Some animals carried clones from both groups, demonstrating intra-individual variability. Despite the putative harmlessness of anelloviruses, the potential inoculum carried by pigs must be further evaluated as a sanitary threat.
Infrared microsensor payload for miniature unmanned aerial vehicles (2003)

Miniature unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a category of aircraft small enough to be transported, launched, operated, and retrieved by a crew of one or two. The concept is not new, having been in limited use by the U.S. military over the past fifteen years, but interest in potential applications is growing as size and cost of the vehicles come down. An application that is particularly significant to the military and law-enforcement agencies is remote reconnaissance, with one or more onboard sensors transmitting data back to the operator(s) in real time. Typically, a miniature UAV is capable of flying a pre-programmed route autonomously, with manual override as an option. At the conclusion of the mission, the vehicle returns for landing, after which it can be quickly disassembled and stowed until its next use. Thermal imaging extends the utility of miniature UAVs to operations in complete darkness and limited visibility, but historically thermal imagers have been too large and heavy for this application. That changed in 1999 with the introduction of Indigo System's Alpha<sup>TM</sup> camera, which established a new class of thermal imaging product termed the infrared "microsensor". Substantially smaller and lighter than any other infrared imaging product available at the time, Alpha<sup>TM</sup>was the first camera that could be readily packaged into the nose of a miniature UAV. Its low power consumption was also a key enabling feature. Building upon the success of Alpha<sup>TM</sup>, Indigo then took the microsensor class a step further with its Omega<sup>TM</sup> camera, which broke all the records established by Alpha<sup>TM</sup> for small size, weight, and power. Omega<sup>TM</sup> has been successfully integrated into several miniature UAVs, including AeroVironment's Pointer and Raven, as well as the Snake Eye UAV manufactured by BAI Aerosystems. Aspects of the Omega<sup>TM</sup> design that have led to its utility on these and other platforms are described, and future prospects for even smaller microsensors are discussed.
Homolytic acylation of protonated pyridines and pyrazines with .alpha.-keto acids: the problem of monoacylation (1991)

The silver-catalyzed decarboxylation of α-keto acids by persulfate leads to acyl radicals, which can effect the selective homolytic acylation of pyridine and pyrazine derivatives. Compared with the previously developed source of acyl radicals by hydrogen abstraction from aldehydes, this procedure is more effective in monoacylation when multiple positions of high nucleophilic reactivity are available in the heterocyclic ring. Although the introduction of an acyl group strongly activates the heterocyclic ring toward further substitution, monoacylation can be achieved by taking advantage of the difference in basicity and lipophilicity between the starting base and the monoacylation products in a two-phase system.
Tensile strain engineering of germanium micro-disks on free-standing SiO2 beams (2016)

Abstract Tensile strain is required to enhance light-emitting direct-gap recombinations in germanium (Ge), which is a promising group IV material for realizing a monolithic light source on Si. Ge micro-disks on free-standing SiO 2 beams were fabricated using Ge-on-Insulator wafers for applying tensile strain to Ge in a structure compatible with an optical confinement. We have studied the nature of the strain by Raman spectroscopy in comparison with finite-element computer simulations. We show the impacts of the beam design on the corresponding strain value, orientation, and uniformity, which can be exploited for Ge light emission applications. It was found that the tensile strain values are larger if the length of the beam is smaller. We confirmed that both uniaxial and biaxial strain can be applied to Ge disks, and maximum strain values of 1.1 and 0.6% have been achieved, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. From the photoluminescence spectra of Ge micro-disks, we have also found a larger energy-splitting between the light-hole and the heavy-hole bands in shorter beams, indicating the impact of tensile strain.
Effects of the immunomodulator, VGX‐1027, in endotoxin‐induced uveitis in Lewis rats (2008)

This study provides the first evidence that systemic treatment with VGX-1027 counteracts the uveitis-inducing effect of LPS in rats and suggests that this drug may have potential in the treatment of immuno-inflammatory conditions of the eye in humans.
Learning speaker, addressee and overlap detection models from multimodal streams (2012)

A key challenge in developing conversational systems is fusing streams of information provided by different sensors to make inferences about the behaviors and goals of people. Such systems can leverage visual and audio information collected through cameras and microphone arrays, including the location of various people, their focus of attention, body pose, the sound source direction, prosody, and speech recognition results. In this paper, we explore discriminative learning techniques for making accurate inferences on the problems of speaker, addressee and overlap detection in multiparty human-computer dialog. The focus is on finding ways to leverage within- and across-signal temporal patterns and to automatically construct representations from the raw streams that are informative for the inference problem. We present a novel extension to traditional decision trees which allows them to incorporate and model temporal signals. We contrast these methods with more traditional approaches where a human expert manually engineers relevant temporal features. The proposed approach performs well even with relatively small amounts of training data, which is of practical importance as designing features that are task dependent is time consuming and not always possible.
Reconciling measured scattering response of 3D metamaterials with simulation (2015)

Membrane projection lithography is used to create 3-dimensional unit cells in a silicon matrix decorated with metallic inclusions. The structures show pronounced resonances in the 4–16 µm wavelength range and demonstrate direct coupling to the magnetic field of a normally incident transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave, a behavior only possible for vertically oriented resonators. Qualitative agreement between rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) simulation and measured scattering response is shown. COMSOL simulations show that slight variations in both metallic inclusion and silicon unit cell physical dimensions can have large impact in the scattering response, so that design for manufacture of 3D metamaterial structures for applications should be done with care.
Web-based surgical educational tools. (2001)

This paper describes work being undertaken as part of the WebSET (Web-based Standard Educational Tools) project. The project is producing a standardised suite of interactive three-dimensional educational tools, delivered across the WWW. The major focus will be the use of open technology and standards, and the production of learning components that can be used as building blocks for further development in a wide range of application areas. Two learning disciplines have been selected for the development of the WebSET tools: surgical training, and physiological education. A high quality consortium from across Europe has been assembled with complementary skills in the technologies needed by the project. The project is partly funded by the European Commission.
Re-routing Instability in IEEE 802.11 Multi-hop Ad-hoc Networks. (2006)

TCP throughput instability is a well-known phenomenon in IEEE 802.11 multi-hop ad-hoc networks. However, we find that this is not restricted to TCP traffic only, but also occurs in UDP traffic. The associated throughput oscillations are not acceptable for real-time applications such as video conferencing and voice-over-IP. The paper re-defines this throughput fluctuation as a instability problem since it is caused by the triggering of the re-routing function. In particular, we show that the throughput instability is mainly induced by re-routing, not the binary exponential back-off of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. Turning off the re-routing function, for example, eliminates the problem. We believe that this is the first paper to study this phenomenon in the context of re-routing instability. We propose to modify the ad-hoc routing protocols with a don't-break-before-you-can-make strategy. The scheme does not require modifications of the IEEE 802.11 standard, making it readily deployable using existing commercial wireless LAN (WLAN) products. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the throughput variation in a traffic flow by 50-70% and improve the average throughput by up to 11%.
Computer Modeling of Selective Regions in the Active Site of Nitric Oxide Synthases:  Implication for the Design of Isoform-Selective Inhibitors (2003)

Selective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms has great therapeutic potential in the treatment of certain disease states arising from the pathological overproduction of nitric oxide. In this study three structures of each NOS isoform were employed to examine selective regions in the active site using the GRID/CPCA approach. In the GRID calculations, 10 probes covering hydrophobic, steric, and hydrogen-bond-acceptor and -donor interactions were used to calculate the molecular interaction fields (MIFs) in the active site. The side chain flexibility of the residues and the grid spacings were considered at the same time. Consensus principal component analysis (CPCA) was applied to analyze the MIFs differences in the active site between the NOS isoforms. By combining the cutout tool with GRID/CPCA pseudofield differential plots, several selective regions in the active site were identified. The selectivity analysis showed that the most important determinants for NOS inhibitor selectivity are hydrophobic and charge-charge interactions. Twenty-five inhibitors of NOS were then docked into the active site using the program AutoDock3.0. The regions identified as being important for selectivity by this method are in excellent agreement with inhibitor structure-activity relationships. A rational usage of the selective region described in this work should make it possible to develop NOS isoform-selective inhibitors.
Increase in chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 in blood from pigs infected with high compared to low virulence African swine fever virus isolates (2013)

Modulation of the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in whole blood was compared following infection of pigs with high and low virulence isolates of African swine fever virus. Levels of mRNAs for CCL2, CCL3L1, CCL4, CXCL10, CCR1 and CCR5 were significantly increased in at least one time point following infection in two experiments and CCL5, CCR9 and CXCR4 mRNA were significantly increased in one of the experiments. The results showed that greatest fold increases in mRNAs for CXCL10 and CCL2 were observed following infection of pigs. CXCL10 mRNA was increased by up to 15 fold in infected compared to uninfected pigs. CXCL10 protein was also detected in serum from pigs infected with the high virulence Benin 97/1 isolate. Levels of CCL2 mRNA were increased in pigs infected with high virulence Benin 97/1 isolate compared to low virulence OURT88/3 isolate and this correlated with an increase of greater than 30 fold in levels of CCL2 protein detected in serum from pigs infected with this isolate. An increase in overall chemotaxis active compounds in defibrinated plasma samples from Benin 97/1 infected pigs was observed at 3 days post-infection (dpi) and a decrease by 7 dpi as measured by chemotaxis assay using normal pig leucocytes in vitro. Increased levels of CXCL10 may either contribute to the activation of lymphocyte priming toward the Th1 phenotype or induction of T lymphocyte apoptosis. Increased levels of CCL2, a chemoattractant for macrophages, may result in increased recruitment of monocytes from bone marrow thus increasing the pool of cells susceptible to infection.
Kulturfolk eller folkkultur? : 1968, kulturarbetarna och demokratin (2010)

Cultural folk or folk culture? 1968, cultural workers and democracy.
In the early 1960’s it became clear that although Swedish citizens had experienced an overall increase in material well-being an ...
Supplementary Material 8 from Androgen Glucuronidation: An Unexpected Target for Androgen Deprivation Therapy, with Prognosis and Diagnostic Implications (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 7968K, Supplementary material 8: Representative examples of immunoexpression obtained after incubation of prostate tissue microarrays with the anti-UGT2B15 or anti-UGT2B17 antibodies: Comparison cancer vs benign.&lt;/p&gt;
THz generation in plasmas using two-color laser pulses (2010)

We analyze the generation of THz radiation when an intense, short laser pulse is mixed with its frequency-doubled counterpart in plasma. We use the THz driving current to determine the electromagnetic field characteristics such as spectral intensity, electric field amplitude and directionality.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of a bone image from cone beam projections (1989)

Three-dimensional reconstruction of a bone image is important in medicine to facilitate making artificial bones by numerical control and to achieve computer simulations of surgical operations. Instead of gathering sectional tomograms obtained by computer tomography, a direct 3-D reconstruction, which is much better in terms of higher spatial resolution and smaller X-ray dosage, is used to extract the bone's shape. A proposal and an experimental result are presented in this paper.
Unequal Accumulation Of Nucleotide Diversity In The Two Co-Resident Genomes Of Allopolyploid Cotton (2013)

Rates of molecular evolution are highly variable within and among genes and among lineages. The forces responsible for this variation include a suite of internal genomic mechanisms (e.g., recombinational environment, repair efficiency) and external population level phenomena (e.g., selection, effective population size). A promising model for disentangling intrinsic and extrinsic forces are allopolyploid plants, which combine two (or more) set of homoeologous genes in a single nucleus and in the same ecological context. Thus, the null hypothesis may be tested that homoeologs will accumulate nucleotide diversity at equivalent rates in a set of populations within a species. Here we test this hypothesis using Gossypium hirsutum (cotton), a natural allopolyploid derived from the merger, 1-2 million years ago (MYA) of progenitor diploid genomes (A and D), which diverged from a common ancestor ~5-10 million years ago. Homoeologous chromosomes in the allopolyploid (AT and DtT remain highly similar to those of their diploid orthologs, with high synteny and colinearity. Using sequence capture and 454 sequencing, we screened 40 diverse G. hirsutum accessions, targeting exonic regions in ~400 homoeologous gene pairs. Analyzed sequences included approximately twice the target space, due to recovery of introns and flanking UTRs. Nucleotide diversity levels in G. hirsutum are low, consistent with earlier indications. Notwithstanding this low level of overall diversity, preliminary analyses suggest that diversity is higher in the At genome than the Dt genome, genome-wide. This enhanced diversity may reflect differences related to the two-fold difference in progenitor genome size. Our results demonstrate that genic environment plays a key role in the genesis of genetic novelty, and how allopolyploidy can create novel allelic combinations with the potential for adaptive traits.
An agent-based architecture for online performance tuning of parallel and distributed computation (2000)

Networks of workstations are becoming widely used to carry out resource intensive applications because of the low costs of commodity workstations and because of advances in networking technology. However, applications running on these architectures may not produce the anticipated speed-ups because of the existence of system overhead, communications congestions, and the many performance parameters that need to be tuned. This dissertation presents a new system paradigm to monitor and tune the performance of parallel applications, based on using intelligent agents to collect, analyze, and decide upon performance parameters values. This approach requires minimal effort from the application programmer and designer. This dissertation provides both an overview of this new agent-based architecture, and a detailed design for a three-level implementation. 
Two case studies were developed to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of the agent-based architecture. A two-dimensional Jacobi solver was developed with the agent-based architecture attached to it on a cluster of workstations. Changes in the 2D Jacobi performance are reported and discussed to evaluate the importance of different architecture levels. A second experiment was conducted to tune the performance of a parallel Personal Communications Services (PCS) network simulator. Different simulator settings are examined and performance results were studied to determine possible enhancements to the agent-based architecture.