gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics of flexible fins propelled in tandem, diagonal, triangular and diamond configurations (2018)

A fish may gain hydrodynamic benefits from being a member of a school. Inspired by fish schools, a two-dimensional simulation was performed for flexible fins propelled in tandem, diagonal, triangular and diamond configurations. The flow-mediated interactions between the flexible fins were analysed by using an immersed boundary method. A transverse heaving motion was prescribed on the leading edge of each fin, and other posterior parts passively adapted to the surrounding fluid as a result of the fluid–flexible-body interaction. The flexible fins were allowed to actively adjust their relative positions in the horizontal direction. The four basic stable configurations are spontaneously formed and self-sustained purely by the vortex–vortex and vortex–body interactions. The hydrodynamic benefits depend greatly on the local positions of the members. For the same heaving motion prescribed on the leading edge, the input power of the following fin in the stable tandem and diagonal configurations is lower by 14 % and 6 %, respectively, than that of the leading fin. The following fin in the diagonal formation can keep pace with the leading fin even for reduced heaving amplitudes because of the help of the leader via their shared fluid environment, where its required input power is reduced by 21 %. The heaving amplitudes of the trailing fins are reduced to optimize the propulsive efficiency, and the average efficiencies in the triangular and diamond configurations increase by up to 14 % and 19 %, respectively, over that of the isolated swimmer. The propulsive efficiencies are enhanced by 22 % for the fins in the second row and by 36 % for the fin in the third row by decreasing the heaving amplitude in the diamond formation.
Label-free nanofluidic scattering microscopy of size and mass of single diffusing molecules and nanoparticles (2022)

Label-free characterization of single biomolecules aims to complement fluorescence microscopy in situations where labeling compromises data interpretation, is technically challenging or even impossible. However, existing methods require the investigated species to bind to a surface to be visible, thereby leaving a large fraction of analytes undetected. Here, we present nanofluidic scattering microscopy (NSM), which overcomes these limitations by enabling label-free, real-time imaging of single biomolecules diffusing inside a nanofluidic channel. NSM facilitates accurate determination of molecular weight from the measured optical contrast and of the hydrodynamic radius from the measured diffusivity, from which information about the conformational state can be inferred. Furthermore, we demonstrate its applicability to the analysis of a complex biofluid, using conditioned cell culture medium containing extracellular vesicles as an example. We foresee the application of NSM to monitor conformational changes, aggregation and interactions of single biomolecules, and to analyze single-cell secretomes.
Extending the Scope of NMR Spectroscopy with Microcoil Probes (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Impact of a Double-Pigtail Stent on Ureteral Peristalsis in the Porcine Model: Initial Studies Using a Novel Implantable Magnetic Sensor (2006)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative urology1 Apr 2006Impact of a Double-Pigtail Stent on Ureteral Peristalsis in the Porcine Model: Initial Studies Using a Novel Implantable Magnetic Sensor R. Venkatesh, J. Landman, S.D. Minor, D.J. Lee, J. Rehman, R. Vanlangendonck, M. Ragab, K. Morrissey, C.P. Sundaram, and R.V. Clayman R. VenkateshR. Venkatesh More articles by this author , J. LandmanJ. Landman More articles by this author , S.D. MinorS.D. Minor More articles by this author , D.J. LeeD.J. Lee More articles by this author , J. RehmanJ. Rehman More articles by this author , R. VanlangendonckR. Vanlangendonck More articles by this author , M. RagabM. Ragab More articles by this author , K. MorrisseyK. Morrissey More articles by this author , C.P. SundaramC.P. Sundaram More articles by this author , and R.V. ClaymanR.V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00858-XAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Impact of a Double-Pigtail Stent on Ureteral Peristalsis in the Porcine Model: Initial Studies Using a Novel Implantable Magnetic Sensor." The Journal of Urology, 175(4), pp. 1570–1571 Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri© 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4April 2006Page: 1570-1571 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information R. Venkatesh More articles by this author J. Landman More articles by this author S.D. Minor More articles by this author D.J. Lee More articles by this author J. Rehman More articles by this author R. Vanlangendonck More articles by this author M. Ragab More articles by this author K. Morrissey More articles by this author C.P. Sundaram More articles by this author R.V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cavitation enhanced drug delivery in-vivo using combined B-mode guidance and real-time passive acoustic mapping: Challenges and results (2017)

Inertial cavitation nucleated by nano-scale sonosensitive particles (SSPs) at modest peak negative pressures (~1 MPa at 500 kHz) and monitored by passive acoustic mapping (PAM) has been recently shown to improve the dose and distribution of anti-cancer agents during ultrasound (US) enhanced delivery (Myers 2016, Kwan 2015). As applications of therapy monitoring using PAM have advanced rapidly including its use in clinical trials, means of validating the performance of PAM in-vivo remains a major focus of efforts. For drug delivery, PAM should not only quickly and reliably detect and localize desired and undesired cavitation, but it should provide some predictor of successful delivery. In-vivo experiments using PAM in subcutaneous tumor implanted murine models across a range of cancer cell lines (HEPG2, SKOV, EMT6, CT-26) demonstrate the detection of inertial cavitation by SSPs in the target regions when sonicated by US, but no cavitation with US alone. Additionally when SSPs are co-administered with an oncolytic virus (vaccinia), a small molecule chemotherapeutic (doxorubicin), or an immunotherapeutic (anti-PD-L1 antibody), PAM is able to effectively predict successful delivery in the presence of cavitation in the target regions and unsuccessful delivery in the absence of cavitation in target regions. Enhancements to PAM to deal with artifacts, spurious reflections, and to increase resolution were also able to improve the monitoring capability. Future work focuses on clinical translation and improved validation methods.
Numbers: Facts, Figures and Fiction (1994)

Introduction Information on numbers zero to 155 Brief information on other numbers Hints, answers and extensions to the problems Bibliography.
Manufacturing Substrates with Embedded Passives (2011)

Passives account for a very large part of today's electronic assemblies. This is particularly true for digital products such as cellular phones, camcorders, computers and several critical defense devices. This paper presents an entire process from design and fabrication to electrical characterization and reliability test of embedded passives on organic multilayered substrates. A variety of thin film capacitor and resistors were utilized to manufacture high-performance embedded passives. The electrical properties of capacitors fabricated from polymer-ceramic nanocomposites showed a stable capacitance and low loss over a wide temperature range. We have designed and fabricated several printed wiring board (PWB) and flip-chip package test vehicles focusing on resistors and capacitors. Two basic capacitor cores were used for this study. One is a layer capacitor. The second capacitor in this case study was discrete capacitor. In both cases, capacitance values are defined by the feature size, thickness and dielectric constant of the polymer-ceramic compositions. Nanocomposite can be directly deposited either by liquid coating or screen printing. Alternatively, nanocomposite thin films can be laminated and capacitor laminate can be used as the base substrate for subsequent build-up processing. For example, Resin Coated Copper Capacitive (RC3) nanocomposites were used to fabricate 35 mm substrates with a two by two array of 15mm square isolated epoxy based regions; each having two to six RC3 based embedded capacitance layers. The capacitor fabrication is based on a sequential build-up technology employing a first patternable electrode. After patterning of the electrode, RC3 nanocomposite can be laminated within PCB. Embedded passive cores are showing high capacitance density ranging from 15 nF to 30nF depending on Cu area, composition and thickness of the capacitors. Reliability of the capacitors was ascertained by IR-reflow, thermal cycling, PCT (Pressure Cooker Test ) and solder shock. Embedded capacitors were stable after PCT and solder shock. Capacitance change was less than 5% after IR reflow (assembly) preconditioning (3X, 245 °C) and 1000 cycles DTC (Deep Thermal Cycle).
The Reduction of Outgas from Pre-Applied Underfill Materials by Optimizing the Combination of Base Resin and Flux Compound (2017)

This study investigated the relations between base resins and flux compounds applied to NCF (Non Conductive film) for thermal compression bonding with micro Cu pillar bumps. As the use of NCF expands, outgas during flip-chip bonding process is being recognized as a serious problem because it lowers both of the productivity and the package quality. The flux compounds which are normally used to get solder-ability are considered to be one of main sources of outgas [1], so its reduction is strongly expected. The selection of the base resin system is also an important item because the required amounts of flux compounds basically depend on resin types. So the combination of the base resin and the flux compound has to be determined on the detailed consideration. In this work, two step approach to optimize the combination of the base resin and the flux compound was performed to reduce outgas from NCF and to achieve good solder-ability at the same time. Firstly, several thermoset resins were evaluated to determine preferable candidates for the base resin. Next, screening of some flux compounds were conducted through the foundational evaluations on the flux-ability and weight loss at high temperature. Typically, most of the flux compounds can easily volatilize before reaching the melting point of solder, and it leads to the under-fill voids or the contamination on bonding tools. Therefore, the low weight loss at high temperature is an important parameter as well as the flux-ability when choosing the flux compounds. Finally, NCF was fabricated with the best combination of this study, and TCB (Thermal Compression Bonding) was demonstrated with inline 50um pitch test vehicles. The cross-section analysis of bonded samples showed sufficient wettability of solder (Sn-Ag) to Cu-OSP pads without any abnormality. In addition, HAST (High Accelerated Stress Test) has started by using test boards with 40um/40um line and space. So far, 100 hours has passed without any failure, and the test is ongoing up to 500 hours.
Stable online control of an electrocorticographic brain-computer interface using a static decoder (2012)

A brain computer interface (BCI) system was implemented by recording electrocorticographic signals (ECoG) from the motor cortex of a Rhesus macaque. These signals were used to control two-dimensional cursor movements in a standard center-out task, utilizing an optimal linear estimation (OLE) method. We examined the time course over which a monkey could acquire accurate control when operating in a co-adaptive training scheme. Accurate and maintained control was achieved after 4-5 days. We then held the decode parameters constant and observed stable control over the next 28 days. We also investigated the underlying neural strategy employed for control, asking whether neural features that were correlated with a given kinematic output (e.g. velocity in a certain direction) were clustered anatomically, and whether the features were coordinated or conflicting in their contributions to the control signal.
Synthesis and dopaminergic activity of trans-6-methyl-7a,8,9,10,11,11a-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-gh]-4,7-phenanthroline and trans-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydro-4,7-phenanthroline derivatives (1986)

The synthesis and dopamine agonist activity of some derivatives of trans-6-methyl-7a,8,9,10,11,11a-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-gh]- 4,7-phenanthroline (6a-c) are reported. These compounds can be regarded as analogues of ergoline derivatives with the indole nucleus replaced by indolizine. These congeners have been evaluated as inhibitors of prolactin release in vivo. trans-6-Methyl-8-ethyl-7a,8,9,10,11,11a-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-gh]- 4,7-phenanthroline (6b) proved to produce a dose-dependent inhibition of serum prolactin that was almost complete at the highest dose employed. Although effective, this compound was far less potent than bromocriptine. The 8-propyl derivative 6c was weakly active only at very high doses, and the 8-methyl derivative 6a proved to be completely ineffective. trans-4-Propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydro-4,7-phenanthroline (7), a molecular simplification of hexahydropyrrolo-4,7-phenanthroline, proved to be the most potent among the newly synthesized compounds. These results, taken together with those of previous studies, suggest that the presence of the nitrogen of the indolizine nucleus and the N-7 in the octahydro-4,7-phenanthroline 7 are significant for the interaction with the dopamine receptor involved in the control of prolactin release.
Electroluminescence thermal quenching in SrS:Cu thin-film electroluminescent devices (2000)

Electroluminesence (EL) thermal quenching refers a reduction in luminance, concomitant with a reduction in transferred charge, when an alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) device is operated at an elevated temperature. EL thermal quenching is found to be significant in SrS:Cu ACTFEL devices operated above ∼60-80 °C. Maximum transferred charge-maximum applied voltage (Qmax-Vmax) and transferred charge capacitance (i.e., dQmax/dVmax vs Vmax) measurements as a function of temperature in conjunction with ACTFEL device simulation are employed in order to establish that EL thermal quenching arises from a thermally activated annihilation of positive space charge and a corresponding increase in the threshold voltage.
Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study on the Growth of Metal Silicate Polymers in Solution (1993)

Abstract The development of metal silicate polymers in mixed solutions of nickel and iron 1,2-ethanediolates, water, and tetraethoxysilane was studied using a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method. The effects of the added metals on the growth of the silicate polymers and the correlation between the structure of the gel and metal particle of the catalyst prepared by calcining and reducing the gel are discussed.
Nitric Oxide Action on Growth Factor-elicited Signals (1995)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis and intracellular Ca2+ release responses induced by epidermal, platelet-derived, and fibroblast growth factors was investigated in three cell lines, a clone of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptors and the tumoral epithelial cells A431 and KB. In all three cell types, pretreatment with NO donors decreased growth factor-induced PIP2 and Ca2+ responses, whereas pretreatment with NO synthase inhibitors increased them. The Ca2(+)-dependent PIP2 hydroysis induced by micromolar concentrations of the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, was also modulated negatively and positively by NO donors and synthase inhibitors, respectively. In contrast, the Ca2+ content of the intracellular stores was unaffected by the various pretreatments employed. NO donors and synthase inhibitors induced an increase and decrease, respectively, of the intracellular cGMP formation in all three cell lines investigated. All of the effects of the NO donors were mimicked by 8-bromo-cGMP administration and abolished by pretreatment with the specific blocker of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I, KT5823, which by itself mimicked the effects of the synthase inhibitors. Together with previous observations on G protein-coupled receptors, the present results demonstrate that PIP2 hydrolysis and Ca2+ release occur under the feedback control of NO, independently of the phospholipase C (beta, gamma, or delta type) involved and of the mechanism of activation. Such a control, which appears to be effected by the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I acting at the level of the phospholipases C themselves, might ultimately contribute to the inhibitory role of NO on growth previously observed with various cell types.
Production of Renewable Hexanols from Mechanocatalytically Depolymerized Cellulose by Using Ir‐ReOx/SiO2 catalyst (2014)

Hexanols were produced in high yield by conversion of cellulose over Ir-ReOx /SiO2 (molar ratio Re/Ir=2) catalyst in biphasic reaction system (n-decane+H2 O). The cellulose was depolymerized by mechanocatalysis with the aid of H2 SO4 . The influence of solvent amount, reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure was systematically investigated and the highest yield of hexanols reached 60 % under the conditions of n-decane/water ∼2 (v/v), 413 K, 10 MPa H2 for 24 h. Mechanocatalytic depolymerization of cellulose with the aid of H2 SO4 or HCl and the use of sufficient n-decane were very crucial for the production of hexanols. H2 SO4 not only catalyzed cellulose to water-soluble oligosaccharides but also promoted the hydrogenolysis activity of Ir-ReOx /SiO2 catalyst. The role of n-decane was to extract hexanols and to suppress over-hydrogenolysis of hexanols to n-hexane.
Implementation of Robotic Optical Fiber Switches for Network Diagnostics and Other Data Center Use Cases (2023)

Optical fiber switches can add diagnostic capability to maintain performance in high-speed optical link, reduce power and cost in hyperscale front-end networks, and improve the training speed in machine learning clusters.
HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy Linked to Lower Gray Matter Volume (P6.119) (2016)

Objective: Assess brain volume in HAM/TSP patients. Background: HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) manifests in around 5[percnt] of HTLV-I patients as back pain, stiffness, urinary inconsistency, and sensory disturbances. While MRI has been used previously to study spinal cord damage in relation to this diagnosis, its use in assessing brain-specific changes is lacking. To this end, we evaluated 51 subjects - HTLV-1 patients with and without HAM/TSP as well as healthy controls - for links between brain volume and disease status. Methods: Asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (AC cohort, n=14, 7[percnt] male, 51±13 years age), patients with HAM/TSP (HAM/TSP, n=31, 35[percnt] male, 57±11 years), and control subjects (CS, n=6, 67[percnt] male, 34±7 years), were imaged on a 3T Siemens scanner. Brain structures were segmented using FreeSurfer. Volumes of total (TG), cortical (CG) and subcortical (SG) gray matter and individual subcortical structures - thalamus, putamen, and caudate - were compared across cohorts. All volumes were normalized as fractions of total intracranial volume. One-way ANOVAs and two-tailed t-tests were used. Results are in mean ± standard deviation. Results: HAM/TSP patients had significantly lower fractional-volumes than CS in all gray matter areas: TG (0.39±0.05 and 0.44±0.05 respectively; p=0.04), SG (0.038±0.005 and 0.042±0.003 respectively; p=0.02), and CG (0.29±0.03 and 0.33±0.04 respectively; p=0.03). Within subcortical regions, HAM/TSPs had significantly lower volumes than CS in the thalamus (0.009±0.001 and 0.011±0.001 respectively; p=0.01), but not in caudate (0.0049±0.0007 and 0.0044±0.001 respectively; p=0.4) or putamen (0.0073±0.001 and 0.0072±0.001 respectively; p=0.9). Volume-fractions of ACs were intermediate between CS and HAM/TSPs, but not significantly different from either group. Conclusions: Reductions in both global and specific gray matter areas were in seen in HAM/TSP patients in comparison to control subjects. Ongoing analyses will assess correlations between brain volumes and degree of disability, as such associations may help understand the etiology of HAM/TSP.
Effect of mortality from COVID‐19 on inpatient outcomes (2021)

When hospitals first encountered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there was a dearth of therapeutic options and nearly 1 in 3 patients died from the disease. By the summer of 2020, as deaths from the disease declined nationally, multiple single-center studies began to report declining mortality of patients with COVID-19. To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on hospital-based mortality, we searched the Vizient Clinical Data Base for outcomes data from approximately 600 participating hospitals, including 130 academic medical centers, from January 2017 through December 2020. More than 32 million hospital admissions were included in the analysis. After an initial spike, mortality from COVID-19 declined in all regions of the country to under 10% by June 2020 and remained constant for the remainder of the year. Despite this, inpatient, all-cause mortality has increased since the beginning of the pandemic, even those without respiratory failure. Inpatient mortality has particularly increased in elderly patients and in those requiring intubation for respiratory failure. Since June 2020, COVID-19 kills one in every 10 patients admitted to the hospital with this diagnosis. The addition of this new disease has raised overall hospital mortality especially those who require intubation for respiratory failure.
A transient triggered bipolar clamp for electrostatic discharge protection in SiGe BiCMOS technologies (2013)

An active ESD supply clamp for mixed voltage RF applications developed in advanced SiGe BiCMOS process is introduced. The clamp is designed using a three-stage architecture consisting of transient-detection, timing and beta-multiplication. The proposed design ensures the clamp has very low leakage even when circuits operate at supply voltages that are equal to or beyond the breakdown voltage of the core SiGe bipolar devices. The clamp's turn-on characteristics spans the full duration of the actual ESD events making it fully capable to effectively protect the sensitive devices in the core circuit.