gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TSV module optimization for high performance silicon interposer (2014)

This paper presents Invensas' silicon interposer technology for heterogeneous chip integration. Various process module and integrated blocks were optimized for yield and high performance in the interposer. The modules under evaluation include TSV etch, barrier deposition, electrochemical plating, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), temporary bonding, low temperature oxide (LTO) and low temperature polyimide (LTPI) passivation.
Advanced poly-Si TFT with fin-like channels by ELA (2006)

The advanced low-temperature polysilicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistor with three-dimensional channels of fin-like profile has been demonstrated using excimer laser annealing and unique undercut structure without any additional patterning process. This approach provides a very narrow fin-like channel in devices with high ratio of film thickness to the width as well as a high-quality poly-Si film in channels with better crystallinity for the effect of columnar-like grain growth following the shrinkage of silicon stripe after laser irradiation. Due to that and the stronger electrical stress on the channel by the multigate, the new device with a fin-like channel structure shows good characteristics of the highest mobility up to 395 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s, a subthreshold voltage slope below 400 mV/dec, and an ON-OFF current ratio higher than 10/sup 6/.
Robust Selections of Various Hematopoietic Cell Fractions on the CliniMACS Plus Instrument (2019)

Cell separation technologies play a vital role in the graft engineering of hematopoietic cellular fractions, particularly with the rapid expansion of the field of cellular therapeutics. The CliniMACS Plus Instrument (Miltenyi Biotec) utilizes immunomagnetic techniques to isolate hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), T cells, NK cells, and monocytes. These products are ultimately used for HPC transplantation and for the manufacture of adoptive immunotherapies. We evaluated the viable cell recovery and cell purity of selections and depletions performed on the CliniMACS Plus over a 10-year period at our facility, specifically assessing for the isolation of CD34+, CD4+, CD3+/CD56+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD25+ cells. Additionally, patient- and instrument-related factors affecting these parameters were examined. Viable cell recovery ranged from 32.3 ± 10.2% to 65.4 ± 15.4%, and was the highest for CD34+ selections. Cell purity ranged from 86.3 ± 7.2% to 99.0 ± 1.1%, and was the highest for CD4+ selections. Undesired cell fractions demonstrated a range of 1.2 ± 0.45 to 5.1 ± 0.4 log reductions. Red cell depletions averaged 2.12 ± 0.68 logs, while platelets were reduced by an average of 4.01 ± 1.57 logs. Donor characteristics did not impact viable cell recovery or cell purity for CD34+ or CD4+ cell enrichments; however, these were affected by manufacturing variables, including tubing size, bead quantity, and whether preselection platelet washes were performed. Our data demonstrate the efficient recovery of hematopoietic cellular fractions on the CliniMACS Plus that may be optimized by adjusting manufacturing variables.
Codebook-Based Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Multiuser Systems (2017)

In millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems, antenna architecture limitations make it difficult to apply conventional fully digital precoding techniques but call for low-cost analog radio frequency (RF) and digital baseband hybrid precoding methods. This paper investigates joint RF-baseband hybrid precoding for the downlink of multiuser multiantenna mmWave systems with a limited number of RF chains. Two performance measures, maximizing the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency of the system, are considered. We propose a codebook-based RF precoding design and obtain the channel state information via a beam sweep procedure. Via the codebook-based design, the original system is transformed into a virtual multiuser downlink system with the RF chain constraint. Consequently, we are able to simplify the complicated hybrid precoding optimization problems to joint codeword selection and precoder design (JWSPD) problems. Then, we propose efficient methods to address the JWSPD problems and jointly optimize the RF and baseband precoders under the two performance measures. Finally, extensive numerical results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid precoders.
Histological Staining of Amyloid-β in Mouse Brains (2005)

The increased availability of transgenic mouse models for studying human diseases is shifting the focus of many laboratories from in vitro to in vivo assays. The purpose of this chapter is to provide investigators with methods that will allow them to obtain well-preserved mouse brain sections to be stained with the standard histological dyes for amyloid, Congo red and thio-flavin-S. These sections can as well be used for immunohistological procedures that allow detection of amyloid-beta plaques as well as pre-amyloid deposits.
Multivalent Melanotropic Peptide and Fluorescent Macromolecular Conjugates: New Reagents for Characterization of Melanotropin Receptors (1994)

Radioreceptor binding studies have documented the presence of melanotropin receptors on some but not all of the various human melanoma cell lines that have been studied. Using a newly developed class of multivalent fluorescent melanotropin-macromolecular conjugates, we have demonstrated for the first time the presence of specific melanotropin receptors on all of the melanoma cell lines, both mouse and human, melanotic as well as amelanotic, that were investigated. The conjugates developed by us consisted of multiple copies of both a potent melanotropin analogue and a fluorophore, both arranged in a pendent fashion on a biologically inert macromolecule. While the multivalency of these conjugates may have established stronger binding with the melanotropin receptors on the cell surface (perhaps by establishing simultaneous multiple interactions), the presence of multiple copies of the fluorophore also greatly increased the level of detection in fluorescence labeling experiments. Membrane receptor-hormone-associated phenomena, such as capping and internalization of the receptor-ligand complex, also were observed. The details of these methods are described using B-16 mouse melanoma cells as a model system. The demonstration of MSH receptors as a common marker for melanoma suggests that this methodology might be employed for early clinical detection and anatomical localization of melanoma. These results also offer the possibility that substitution of the fluorophore in these conjugates by a chemical agent of (chemo-)therapeutic relevance may provide a powerful tool for site specific (tumor) targeting and cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Conversions of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals over Copper—Silica Nanocomposite Catalysts (2015)

Abstract Review: 100 refs.
Status and Direction of Communication Technologies - SiGe BiCMOS and RFCMOS (2005)

We present the status and direction of silicon semiconductor technologies targeted for applications such as wireless, networking, instrumentation, and storage markets. Various technological aspects for multiple branches of RF foundry technologies that are based on the standard foundry compatible CMOS node are discussed - SiGe BiCMOS HP ("high performance") tailored to high-frequency applications, SiGe BiCMOS WL ("cost performance") tailored to wireless/storage applications, and RF-CMOS optimized for low-cost consumer applications. Future opportunities and challenges for advancement in RF technologies are described in light of CMOS and SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor scaling. In addition, we discuss the maturity of SiGe BiCMOS by looking at the levels of integration and manufacturability.
Independent uniform prediction mode for screen content video coding (2014)

Many of the existing video coding standards in use today were developed primarily using camera-captured content as test material. Today, with the more widespread use of connected devices, there is an increased interest in developing video coding tools that target screen content video. Screen content video is often characterized by having sharp edges, noiseless graphics-generated region, repeated patterns, limited sets of colors, etc. This paper presents an independent uniform prediction (IUP) mode for improving the coding efficiency of screen content video. IUP chooses one color out of a small set of global colors to form a uniform prediction block. Unlike existing palette-based modes, IUP does not have to construct and signal a color index map for every block that is coded. Experimental results using IUP in the HEVC Range Extensions 6.0 framework are presented, along with results using techniques that reduce complexity so that the IUP-based encoder is faster than the reference encoder.
Pathogenesis of nasal polyposis (2014)

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory condition that affects a large proportion of the population world-wide and is associated with high cost of management and significant morbidity. Yet, there is a lack of population-based epidemiologic studies using current definitions of CRSwNP, and the mechanisms that drive pathogenesis in this disease remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for the plethora of factors that likely contribute to CRSwNP pathogenesis. Defects in the innate function of the airway epithelial barrier, including diminished expression of antimicrobial products and loss of barrier integrity, combined with colonization by fungi and bacteria likely play a critical role in the development of chronic inflammation in CRSwNP. This chronic inflammation is characterized by elevated expression of many key inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-5, thymic stromal lymphopoietin and CCL11, that help to initiate and perpetuate this chronic inflammatory response. Together, these factors likely combine to drive the influx of a variety of immune cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and lymphocytes, which participate in the chronic inflammatory response within the nasal polyps. Importantly, however, future studies are needed to demonstrate the necessity and sufficiency of these potential drivers of disease in CRSwNP. In addition to the development of new tools and models to aid mechanistic studies, the field of CRSwNP research also needs the type of robust epidemiologic data that has served the asthma community so well. Given the high prevalence, costs and morbidity, there is a great need for continued research into CRS that could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve treatment for patients who suffer from this disease.
Allelopathic Potential of Winter Wheat Varieties for Weed Suppression (2023)

Summer weeds are an expensive economic and environmental problem during the fallow period following the harvest of a wheat crop. Anecdotal evidence suggests that different wheat varieties impact the need for weed control in the subsequent fallow period differently, with reasons ranging from residue amount and quality to the allelopathic potential of such residue. Thus, our objectives were to compare the allelopathic effects of different winter wheat varieties on weed and crop germination suppression. We collected the residue left after harvest of 25 varieties grown in a randomized complete block design in two Kansas locations (Hays and Great Bend) during 2022. The residue of the different varieties were combined (replications within location), dried, ground, and used to create extracts with 5% concentration that were later used in a growth chamber study. total of 50 seeds for weed species Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and 25 seeds for grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), were added to petri dishes in combination with 5 mL of each extract in four replicates. Petri dishes were sealed with Parafilm and placed in a dark growth chamber set to 84/75°F day/night temperatures. Seed germination was counted after 5 days. There were significant location by variety interactions in the control of both weed species, with greater weed control resulting from the residue derived from Great Bend (6–100% control) than from Hays (-10 to 69%). The difference among varieties was also large, and depending on weed species and location, ranged from as little as 26% to as much as 90% (these differences reflected contrasts between the varieties with minimum versus those with maximum control). All wheat varieties significantly reduced seed germination of Palmer amaranth and giant foxtail, but varieties differed in their germination suppression potential. The allelopathic effects of wheat varieties could be additional targets of breeding programs for reduced weed pressure. Meanwhile, grain sorghum germination was minimally impacted by allelopathic effects of wheat residue.
Spectral Emission Dependence of Tin&#8208;Vacancy Centers in Diamond from Thermal Processing and Chemical Functionalization (2021)

We report a systematic photoluminescence (PL) investigation of the spectral emission properties of individual optical defects fabricated in diamond upon ion implantation and annealing. Three spectral lines at 620 nm, 631 nm, and 647 nm are identified and attributed to the SnV center due to their occurrence in the PL spectra of the very same single-photon emitting defects. We show that the relative occurrence of the three spectral features can be modified by oxidizing the sample surface following thermal annealing. We finally report the relevant emission properties of each class of individual emitters, including the excited state emission lifetime and the emission intensity saturation parameters.
Performance characteristics of white light sources consisting of multiple light-emitting diodes (2004)

The performance characteristics of white light sources based on a multiple-LED approach, in particular dichromatic and trichromatic sources are analyzed in detail. Figures of merit such as the luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering capabilities are provided for a wide range of primary emission wavelengths. Spectral power density functions of LEDs are assumed to be thermally and inhomogeneously broadened to a full width at half maximum of several <i>kT</i>, in agreement with experimental results. A gaussian line shape is assumed for each of the emission bands. It is shown that multi-LED white light sources have the potential for luminous efficacies greater than 400 lm/W (dichromatic source) and color rendering indices of greater than 90 (trichromatic source). Contour maps for the color rendering indices and luminous efficacies versus three wavelengths are given.
Ground- and Excited-State Electronic Structure of an Emissive Pyrazine-Bridged Ruthenium(II) Dinuclear Complex (2005)

The synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties of the binuclear compounds [(Ru(H8-bpy)2)2((Metr)2Pz)](PF6)2 (1) and [(Ru(D8-bpy)2)2((Metr)2Pz)](PF6)2 (2), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and H2(Metr)2Pz is the planar ligand 2,5-bis(5'-methyl-4'H-[1,2,4]triaz-3'-yl)pyrazine, are reported. Electrochemical and spectro-electrochemical investigations indicate that the ground-state interaction between each metal center is predominantly electrostatic and in the mixed-valence form only a low level of ground-state delocalization is present. Resonance Raman, transient, and time-resolved spectroscopies enable a detailed assignment to be made of the excited-state photophysical properties of the complexes. Deuteriation is employed to both facilitate spectroscopic characterization and investigate the nature of the lowest excited states.
LOCALIZATION IN THE TOMATO GENOME OF DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS CONTAINING SEQUENCES HOMOLOGOUS TO THE rRNA (45S), THE MAJOR CHLOROPHYLL a/b BINDING POLYPEPTIDE AND THE RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE GENES (1986)

DNA restriction fragments containing sequences homologous to the ribosomal RNA (45s), the major chlorophyll a/b binding polypeptide (CAB) and the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RBCS) genes have been localized and mapped in the tomato nuclear genome by linkage analysis. Ribosomal RNA genes map to a single locus, R45s, which resides in a terminal position on the short arm of chromosome 2 and corresponds to the Nucleolar Organizer Region. The size of the 45s repeating unit is estimated to be approximately 9 kb in Lycopersicon esculentum and 11 kb in Lycopersicon pennellii. Five loci were found to contain CAB sequences. Two of the loci, Cab-1 (chromosome 2) and Cab-3 (chromosome 8), together accounted for more than 80% of the hybridization signal. These loci contain more than one CAB structural gene. The other three loci, Cab-2 (chromosome 8), Cab-4 (chromosome 7) and Cab-5 (chromosome 12), each account for <10% of the total signal and may contain only a single copy of the CAB structural sequence. Three loci were found to contain RBCS sequences. Rbcs-2 (chromosome 3) and Rbcs-3 (chromosome 2) were responsible for >80% of the signal, with the remainder being associated with Rbcs-1 (chromosome 2). Rbcs-2 and Rbcs-3 may contain more than one copy of the gene.
Human Red Blood Cell Shape and Volume are Changed by Physiological Levels of Hydrostatic Pressure (1996)

Application of hydrostatic pressure of several atmospheres (atm), such as that applied in diving or hyperbaric treatment, has been previously shown to induce the release of membrane components into the extracellular medium. As the shape of red blood cells (RBC) is sensitive to membrane composition, this might imply a subsequent change in RBC shape and volume. The present study demonstrates that application of hydrostatic pressure of up to 15 atm changes the shape of RBC from the normal discoids to stomatocytes (cup-shaped) and accordingly increases their volume. Changes in RBC shape and volume are known to impair physiological and cellular function. Thus, these changes might be pertinent to hemodynamic and physiological disorders observed in humans subjected to elevated pressure.
Automatic Regularization of Multilayered-Perceptron Training by Weight Orthogonalization (2008)

Article Automatic Regularization of Multilayered-Perceptron Training by Weight Orthogonalization was published on December 1, 2008 in the journal Journal of Intelligent Systems (volume 17, issue Supplement).
Low ADAMTS13 activity is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (2015)

ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin motif repeats 13) has antithrombotic properties because it cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) in smaller, less active multimers. The aim of our study was to investigate prospectively the association between ADAMTS13 activity and ischemic stroke. We included 5941 individuals ≥55 years without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study. ADAMTS13 activity was measured at inclusion with the FRETS-VWF73 assay and VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We assessed the association among ADAMTS13 activity, VWF:Ag levels, and ischemic stroke by Cox proportional hazard analysis. The added value of ADAMTS13 activity above the traditional risk factors for ischemic stroke risk prediction was examined by the C-statistic and the net reclassification improvement index (NRI). All individuals were followed for incident stroke or TIA. Over a median follow-up time of 10.7 years (56,403 total person-years), 461 participants had a stroke, 306 of which were ischemic. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, individuals with ADAMTS13 activity in the lowest quartile had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (absolute risk, 7.3%) than did those in the reference highest quartile (absolute risk, 3.8%; hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.32). Adding ADAMTS13 to the model in prediction of ischemic stroke, increased the C-statistic by 0.013 (P = .003) and provided 0.058 (95% CI, -0.002 to 0.119) NRI. Low ADAMTS13 activity is associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and improves the accuracy of risk predictions for ischemic stroke beyond traditional risk factors.
The effect of M. tuberculosis chaperonin 60.1 on leukocyte migration (2011)

We have shown that M. tuberculosis Cpn60.1 inhibits allergic lung inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mice (Riffo-Vasquez Y et al. Clin Exp All. 2004). Here we have evaluated the effect of lower concentrations of Cpn60.1 on lung eosinophilia and leukocyte/endothelial cell interaction in vivo. Balbl/c mice were immunized twice with ovalbumin (ova, 10mg/mouse i.p. in alum). From day 14 all mice were exposed to ova (3%) once daily for 3 days and Cpn 60.1 was given i.n.15 min earlier. Lung lavages were performed 24 h after the last exposure. To examine the recruitment of cells in the microvasculature of the cremaster muscle, Cpn60.1 at 1μg/mouse was given s.c. into the scrotal sac of ova-sensitized mice followed by 100ng of eotaxin 10 minutes later. Four hours later the animals were prepared for intravital microscopy. Cpn60.1 at 0.001-1 μg/mouse inhibited the migration of eosinophils into the airways (ova 44.3±8.6 vs ova/60.1: 12.7±1.42; 13.3±3.4; 13.4±4.3 and 9.4±2.2×104/ml, n=10 for 0.001-1 μg of Cpn60.1 respectively, p≤ 0.05). Four hours after eotaxin injection, saline treated mice showed a significant accumulation of cells in the extra vascular tissue (saline: 40±5 vs Cpn60.1: 2.3±1 cells/50μm2, n=6) and higher number of cells rolling along the vessel wall in 30 sec (saline: 12±1.12 vs Cpn60.1: 2.8±1.02) compared to Cpn60.1 treated mice. In contrast, the adherence of cells to the endothelial layer was higher in Cpn60.1 compared to saline treated mice (saline adhesion: 15±1.7 vs Cpn60.1: 22.2±4.8 cells/50μm, n=6). Cn60.1 inhibits leukocyte migration to the lung in response to ova and prevented leukocyte rolling along and transmigration across the vessel wall in vivo.
Design and Technology Solutions for 3D Integrated High Performance Systems (2021)

3D system integration builds on interconnect scaling roadmaps of TSVs (5µm to 100nm CD) and fine pitch bumps/pads (to <1µm pitch) for D2W and W2W schemes. Si bridges connect chiplets at 9.5Gbp, 338fJ/b, while W2W fine pitch memory logic functional partitioning improves power/performance by 30% vs 2D. Impingement cooler, BSPDN, high density MIMCAP and integrated magnetics push the power wall to 300W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . On the other hand, 3D design flows require further development. Process optimization, DfT, KGD/S and heterogeneous technology optimization of functionally partitioned 3D-SOC make high performance systems cost-effective.