gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless sensor network (2006)

Current and future requirements of aerospace sensors and transducers demand the design and development of a new family of sensing devices, with emphasis on reduced weight, power consumption, and physical size. This new generation of sensors and transducers will possess a certain degree of intelligence in order to provide the end user with critical data in a more efficient manner. Communication between networks of traditional or next-generation sensors can be accomplished by a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) developed by NASA's Instrumentation Branch and ASRC Aerospace Corporation at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), consisting of at least one central station and several remote stations and their associated software. The central station is application-dependent and can be implemented on different computer hardware, including industrial, handheld, or PC-104 single-board computers, on a variety of operating systems: embedded Windows, Linux, VxWorks, etc. The central stations and remote stations share a similar radio frequency (RF) core module hardware that is modular in design. The main components of the remote stations are an RF core module, a sensor interface module, batteries, and a power management module. These modules are stackable, and a common bus provides the flexibility to stack other modules for additional memory, increased processing, etc. WSN can automatically reconfigure to an alternate frequency if interference is encountered during operation. In addition, the base station will autonomously search for a remote station that was perceived to be lost, using relay stations and alternate frequencies. Several wireless remote-station types were developed and tested in the laboratory to support different sensing technologies, such as resistive temperature devices, silicon diodes, strain gauges, pressure transducers, and hydrogen leak detectors.
3'-Terminal nucletide sequence (n equals 361) of bacteriophage MS2 RNA. (1975)

32P-Labeled MS2 RNA was partially digested with ribonuclease T1 (guanyloribonuclease; ribonucleate 3'-guanylo-oligonucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.8) or with epilson-carboxymethyl-lysine-41 pancreatic ribonuclease A (ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.22). A series of overlapping fragments was obtained which allowed the reconstruction of a 361-nucleotide-long 3'-terminal sequence. A unique reading frame could be deduced, which indicated that the replicase gene ends with a U-A-G termination signal and is followed by a 174-nucleotide-long untranslated segment.
The acceptability and visual impact of 0.01% atropine in a Caucasian population (2016)

Overall, 0.01% of atropine was generally well tolerated bilaterally and no serious adverse effects were observed. Therefore this dose appears to provide a viable therapeutic option for myopia control among Caucasian eyes.
Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms and Retinal Vascular Signs (2007)

Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 was weakly associated with retinopathy in persons without diabetes. Other signs were less consistently associated with APOE polymorphisms.
Formamide Assisted One-Pot Conversion of Aromatic Aldehydes into the Corresponding Nitriles (2000)

A single step conversion of aromatic aldehydes (1) into the corresponding nitriles (2) has been achieved in high yields using stoichiometric amounts of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, pyridine and formamide in refluxing xylene.
Cognitive relevance (2017)

This paper discusses the results of investigating simple, cognitive-based approaches to search. The emphasis is placed on simplicity, and determining if a simple ranking measure is sufficient for improved search precision. The measures chosen are concept-based since concept and context-based search improves precision. These results provide direction on the need for more complicated methods. If a simple, yet effective, distance measure is found for rank-ordering search results for improved precision, then approaches may be feasible for improving search precision in a shorter period of time at less cost. Moreover, the methods investigated use a natural language interface that enables far more complicated criteria while remaining intuitive to the casual user. Furthermore, these criteria better reflect search requirements than keywords alone. Two cognitive measures were investigated: a topology-based measure, and a cogency-based measure, both using a medical ontology. The corpus for testing search precision was sampled from NLM publication abstracts, and search results were scored by a physician. Results indicate that improving search precision via the simple use of these two measures, even though related to cognition, are insufficient for significant improvements in search precision. While a simple ranking metric is preferred, the results suggest that efforts to improve search precision are better spent on more complicated methods, for example, neural network-based approaches. These results aid in guiding future research.
Retinal Vascular Changes as Biomarkers of Systemic Cardiovascular Diseases (2009)

The human retina may provide an ideal platform to hunt for these variables as the retinal vasculature, which can be visualized directly, shares similar anatomical and physiological properties with the cerebral and coronary circulation [11-14]. Retinal vascular damage in essence reflects damage from chronic hypertension, diabetes, and other processes [12; 15-19], and may therefore be a biomarker for cardiovascular disease risk [11; 14].
Optimal Sensor Placement for Topology Identification in Smart Power Grids (2019)

Accurate network topology information is critical for secure operation of smart power distribution systems. Line outages can change the operational topology of a distribution network. As a result, topology identification by detecting outages is an important task to avoid mismatch between the {topology that the operator believes is present and the actual topology}. Power distribution systems are operated as radial trees and are recently adopting the integration of sensors to monitor the network in real time. In this paper, an optimal sensor placement solution is proposed that enables outage detection through statistical tests based on sensor measurements. Using two types of sensors, node sensors and line sensors, we propose a novel formulation for the optimal sensor placement as a cost optimization problem with binary decision variables, i.e., {to place or not place a sensor at each bus/line}. The advantage of the proposed placement strategy for outage detection is that it incorporates various types of sensors, is independent of load forecast statistics and is cost effective. Numerical results illustrating the placement solution are presented.
[The acromio-humeral interval. A study of the factors influencing its height]. (1996)

AHI narrowing should evocate a severe cuff tear with biceps dislocation or muscular degeneration. In these cases, surgical repair might be questionable. AHI value is more prognostic than diagnostic.
Purification of bacteriocins by chromatographic methods (2015)

The bacteriocins secreted by the cells of two B. subtilis strains have been isolated by hydrophobic or ion-exchange chromatography on CMC followed by purification on membranes. The yields of electrophoretically pure products were ~75 % of the total activity in the supernatant of culture fluid obtained after cell sedimentation. The bacteriocin secreted by B. subtilis BSX strain cells has high hydrophobicity, and it is mainly found on the surface of cell walls in the culture fluid. These fragments served as sorbents in hydrophobic chromatography. A B. subtilis strain B-112 bacteriocin predominantly occurs in the free state in the culture fluid supernatant. It was purified after the removal of cell debris on CMC and was then eluted with a glycine-HCl buffer at pH 2.5. The concentration of the purified bacteriocins was determined at 205 nm; therefore, the method did not require aromatic amino acids to be available in the macromolecule structure. It is believed that these chromatographic techniques can be used for purification with a high yield of bacteriocins of other producers.
Rolling Shutter Stereo (2013)

A huge fraction of cameras used nowadays is based on CMOS sensors with a rolling shutter that exposes the image line by line. For dynamic scenes/cameras this introduces undesired effects like stretch, shear and wobble. It has been shown earlier that rotational shake induced rolling shutter effects in hand-held cell phone capture can be compensated based on an estimate of the camera rotation. In contrast, we analyse the case of significant camera motion, e.g.\ where a bypassing street level capture vehicle uses a rolling shutter camera in a 3D reconstruction framework. The introduced error is depth dependent and cannot be compensated based on camera motion/rotation alone, invalidating also rectification for stereo camera systems. On top, significant lens distortion as often present in wide angle cameras intertwines with rolling shutter effects as it changes the time at which a certain 3D point is seen. We show that naive 3D reconstructions (assuming global shutter) will deliver biased geometry already for very mild assumptions on vehicle speed and resolution. We then develop rolling shutter dense multiview stereo algorithms that solve for time of exposure and depth at the same time, even in the presence of lens distortion and perform an evaluation on ground truth laser scan models as well as on real street-level data.
RCML (2012)

Reconfigurable computing (RC) is emerging as a promising area for embedded computing, in which complex systems must balance performance, flexibility, cost, and power. The difficulty associated with RC development suggests improved strategic planning and analysis techniques can save significant development time and effort. This article presents a new abstract modeling language and environment, the RC Modeling Language (RCML), to facilitate efficient design space exploration of RC systems at the estimation modeling level, that is, before building a functional implementation. Two integrated analysis tools and case studies, one analytical and one simulative, are presented illustrating relatively accurate automated analysis of systems modeled in RCML.
The Present and Future of Research and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Bidirectional translation of rodent and genetic research Definition of relevant bacterial antigens Intelligently designed clinical trials “Reagent grade” populations Reference
Activation of Human Plasminogen by Urokinase (1974)

The activation of human plasminogen by urokinase has been examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and by amino acid sequence analysis.Plasminogen, purified from human plasma by afbnity chromatography, was found to have a molecular weight of 87,000, and an NHz-terminal sequence of Glu-Pro-Leu-Asp-Asp-Tyr-Val-Asn-Thr-Gln-Gly-.Neither lysine nor valine was detected at the NH2 terminus.Activation in the presence of I-chloro3-tosylamido-7-amino-Z-heptanone resulted in the formation of a peptide with a molecular weight of 8,200 and an intermediate form of plasminogen which possessed a molecular weight of 80,000 and lysine at the NH2 terminus.This intermediate form was then converted to plasmin, composed of a heavy chain (molecular weight 55,000) and a light chain (molecular weight 26,000).The peptide cleaved prior to plasmin formation, henceforth called the pre-activation peptide, is not linked by disulfide bonds to the rest of the molecule ; amino acid sequence analysis indicates that it originates from the NH2 terminus of plasminogen with NH9-terminal glutamic acid.The sequence of the f&t 8 NH2-terminal residues of the heavy chain of plasmin was found to be Lys-Val-Tyr-Leu-Ser-Glu-Phe-Lys-; a minor amount of the des-lysyl NH&erminal sequence was also found.Activation of plasminogen in the absence of I-chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-2-heptanone indicated that the pre-activation peptide was not only rapidly released but also rapidly degraded.In addition, loss of plasmin activity occurred concomitantly with proteolysis of the light chain, which resulted in formation of two fragments with molecular weights of 18,000 and 6,500.Degradation of the heavy chain was not observed.The light chain fragments are joined by disulfide bonds, and are clearly different from the pre-activation peptide by several criteria.In 25% glycerol, the loss of plasmin activity was also correlated with light chain degradation; after prolonged incubation, heavy chain was also degraded to a lower molecular weight species.It is concluded that the activation of human plasminogen by urokinase occurs by the cleavage of at least two peptide bonds
Repurposing rotavirus vaccines for intratumoral immunotherapy can overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (2019)

Although immune checkpoint-targeted therapies are currently revolutionizing cancer care, only a minority of patients develop durable objective responses to anti-PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic interventions are needed to increase the immunogenicity of tumors and overcome the resistance to these immunotherapies. Oncolytic properties of common viruses can be exploited for the priming of antitumor immunity, and such oncolytic viruses are currently in active clinical development in combination with immune checkpoint-targeted therapies. However, the routine implementation of these therapies is limited by their manufacturing constraints, the risk of exposure of clinical staff, and the ongoing regulations on genetically modified organisms. We sought to determine whether anti-infectious disease vaccines could be used as a commercially available source of immunostimulatory agents for cancer immunotherapy. We found that rotavirus vaccines have both immunostimulatory and oncolytic properties. In vitro, they can directly kill cancer cells with features of immunogenic cell death. In vivo, intratumoral rotavirus therapy has antitumor effects that are dependent on the immune system. In several immunocompetent murine tumor models, intratumoral rotavirus overcomes resistance to and synergizes with immune checkpoint-targeted therapy. Heat- and UV-inactivated rotavirus lost their oncolytic activity but kept their synergy with immune checkpoint-targeted antibodies through the up-regulation of the double-stranded RNA receptor retinoic acid-induced gene 1 (RIG-I). Rotavirus vaccines are clinical-grade products used in pediatric and adult populations. Therefore, in situ immunization strategies with intratumoral-attenuated rotavirus could be implemented quickly in the clinic.
UNCERTAINTY CHARACTERIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT NEUTRONICS SIMULATIONS OF A CANDU REACTOR (2021)

This paper reports on the development and testing of a comprehensive few-group cross section input uncertainty library for the NESTLE-C nodal diffusion-based nuclear reactor core simulator. This library represents the first milestone of a first-of-a-kind framework for the integrated characterization of uncertainties in steady-state and transient CANDU reactor simulations. The objective of this framework is to propagate, prioritize and devise a mapping capability for uncertainties in support of model validation of best-estimate calculations. A complete framework would factor both input and modeling uncertainty contributions. The scope of the present work is limited to the propagation of multi-group cross-section uncertainties through lattice physics calculations down to the few-group format, representing the input to the NESTLE-C core simulator, and finally to core responses of interest.
ACAT1 Benchmark of RANS-Informed Analytical Methods for Fan Broadband Noise Prediction—Part I—Influence of the RANS Simulation (2020)

A benchmark of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-informed analytical methods, which are attractive for predicting fan broadband noise, was conducted within the framework of the European project TurboNoiseBB. This paper discusses the first part of the benchmark, which investigates the influence of the RANS inputs. Its companion paper focuses on the influence of the applied acoustic models on predicted fan broadband noise levels. While similar benchmarking activities were conducted in the past, this benchmark is unique due to its large and diverse data set involving members from more than ten institutions. In this work, the authors analyze RANS solutions performed at approach conditions for the ACAT1 fan. The RANS solutions were obtained using different CFD codes, mesh resolutions, and computational settings. The flow, turbulence, and resulting fan broadband noise predictions are analyzed to pinpoint critical influencing parameters related to the RANS inputs. Experimental data are used for comparison. It is shown that when turbomachinery experts perform RANS simulations using the same geometry and the same operating conditions, the most crucial choices in terms of predicted fan broadband noise are the type of turbulence model and applied turbulence model extensions. Chosen mesh resolutions, CFD solvers, and other computational settings are less critical.
Neuronal Apoptotic Signaling Pathways Probed and Intervened by Synthetically and Modularly Modified (SMM) Chemokines (2007)

As the main coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry, CXCR4 and CCR5 play important roles in HIV-associated dementia (HAD). HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 contributes to HAD by causing neuronal damage and death, either directly by triggering apoptotic pathways or indirectly by stimulating glial cells to release neurotoxins. Here, to understand the mechanism of CXCR4 or CCR5 signaling in neuronal apoptosis associated with HAD, we have applied synthetically and modularly modified (SMM)-chemokine analogs derived from natural stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha or viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II as chemical probes of the mechanism(s) whereby these SMM-chemokines prevent or promote neuronal apoptosis. We show that inherently neurotoxic natural ligands of CXCR4, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha or viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II, can be modified to protect neurons from apoptosis induced by CXCR4-preferring gp120(IIIB), and that the inhibition of CCR5 by antagonist SMM-chemokines, unlike neuroprotective CCR5 natural ligands, leads to neurotoxicity by activating a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we discover distinct signaling pathways activated by different chemokine ligands that are either natural agonists or synthetic antagonists, thus demonstrating a chemical biology strategy of using chemically engineered inhibitors of chemokine receptors to study the signaling mechanism of neuronal apoptosis and survival.
Recommendation of Best Practices for Industrial Agent Systems based on the IEEE 2660.1 Standard (2021)

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is a key concept in Industry 4.0, acting as a backbone to develop smart processes, machines and products. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a suitable paradigm for the realization of such industrial CPS systems, supporting the distribution of intelligence and decision-making capabilities among a network of autonomous and cooperative agents. Standardization is a key factor for the acceptance of industrial CPS and agent-based systems, assuming a critical role in establishing specifications for the hardware integration, which is an important requirement for industrial agents. This paper focuses on the recently established IEEE 2660.1-2020 standard that defines a recommended practice to solve the interface problem when applying industrial agents, namely integrating intelligent software agents with low-level automation devices in the CPS context. The paper illustrates the applicability of the standard in three different application scenarios related to power and energy systems, factory automation and building automation, and discusses future directions in terms of standardization in the field of industrial agents, that are required for its wider adoption in the realization of industrial CPS solutions.
Design of hybrid energy storage system using dual batteries for renewable applications (2014)

Battery systems are mainly designed in terms of charge/discharge power and energy capacity. Hybrid Battery Energy Storage Systems (HBESS) which are made of several kinds of batteries can reduce system volume and cost. In this paper, power and energy management algorithms and costs estimation method for HBESS are described. The validity of the algorithms is confirmed by simulations using charge/discharge power demand waveforms of a wind farm. By using this algorithm, it is estimated that in some cases up to 36% of battery cost can be reduced, compared to single-type BESS. Furthermore, the algorithms are demonstrated on a test 200kW system in our laboratory consisting of two kinds of lithium-ion battery: high power type for hybrid vehicles, and high energy type for stationary applications.
Aqueous Biphasic Systems for the Synthesis of Formates by Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation: Integrated Reaction and Catalyst Separation for CO2‐Scrubbing Solutions (2017)

Aqueous biphasic systems were investigated for the production of formate-amine adducts by metal-catalyzed CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation, including typical scrubbing solutions as feedstocks. Different hydrophobic organic solvents and ionic liquids could be employed as the stationary phase for cis-[Ru(dppm)<sub>2</sub> Cl<sub>2</sub> ] (dppm=bis-diphenylphosphinomethane) as prototypical catalyst without any modification or tagging of the complex. The amines were found to partition between the two phases depending on their structure, whereas the formate-amine adducts were nearly quantitatively extracted into the aqueous phase, providing a favorable phase behavior for the envisaged integrated reaction/separation sequence. The solvent pair of methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and water led to the most practical and productive system and repeated use of the catalyst phase was demonstrated. The highest single batch activity with a TOF<sub>av</sub> of approximately 35 000 h<sup>-1</sup> and an initial TOF of approximately 180 000 h<sup>-1</sup> was achieved in the presence of NEt<sub>3</sub> . Owing to higher stability, the highest productivities were obtained with methyl diethanolamine (Aminosol CST 115) and monoethanolamine (MEA), which are used in commercial scale CO<sub>2</sub> -scrubbing processes. Saturated aqueous solutions (CO<sub>2</sub> overpressure 5-10 bar) of MEA could be converted into the corresponding formate adducts with average turnover frequencies up to 14×10<sup>3</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> with an overall yield of 70 % based on the amine, corresponding to a total turnover number of 150 000 over eleven recycling experiments. This opens the possibility for integrated approaches to carbon capture and utilization.
Characteristic reaction paths of biochemical reaction systems with time scale separation (1988)

A technique has been developed for characterizing the in vivo behavior of key enzymes from intermediate measurements. The technique is based on the identification of characteristic reaction paths, and it depends on the time scale separation characteristics of the systems. It is shown that useful information can be obtained from the phase plots of properly selected intermediate pairs or combinations which typically show process insensitive algebraic relations approached on time scales short compared to those of most practical interest. These characteristic reaction paths provide useful global measures of enzyme activity. The mathematical basis of reaction path analysis is investigated using linear transformation techniques. General theorems are developed predicting the existence of characteristic reaction paths as asymptotic limits whenever there is effective time scale separation. These limits are reached when fast reactions are relaxed, and available evidence suggests that these conditions will occur for the majority of reaction networks.