gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical third-harmonic generation from poly-(2,5-dimethoxy p-phenylene vinylene) thin film (1989)

Third-harmonic generation has been measured in poly(2,5-dimethoxy p-phenylene vinylene) thin film. The third-order optical susceptibility, χ(3), was evaluated to be 5.4×10−11 esu at 1.85 μm wavelength. This χ(3) value is about one order higher than that for poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and almost the same value as for poly(n-BCMU diacetylene) which possesses the highest χ(3) value among processible (solvent castable) polymeric materials.
The Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Quinolone WCK 771 Has Potent Activity against Sequentially Selected Mutants, Has a Narrow Mutant Selection Window against Quinolone-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , and Preferentially Targets DNA Gyrase (2006)

WCK 771 is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against quinolone-resistant staphylococci. To understand the impact of the target-level interactions of WCK 771 on its antistaphylococcal pharmacodynamic properties, we determined the MICs for genetically defined mutants and studied the mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs), the frequency of mutation, and the cidality against the wild type and double mutants. There was a twofold increase in the MICs of WCK 771 for single gyrA mutants, indicating that DNA gyrase is its primary target. All first- and second-step mutants selected by WCK 771 revealed gyrA and grlA mutations, respectively. The MICs of WCK 771 and clinafloxacin were found to be superior to those of other quinolones against strains with double and triple mutations. WCK 771 was also cidal for high-density double mutants at low concentrations. WCK 771 and clinafloxacin showed narrow mutant selection windows compared to those of the other quinolones. Against a panel of 50 high-level quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of staphylococci (ciprofloxacin MIC > or = 16 microg/ml), the WCK 771 MPCs were < or =2 microg/ml for 68% of the strains and < or =4 microg/ml for 28% of the strains. Our results demonstrate that gyrA is the primary target of WCK 771 and that it has pharmacodynamic properties remarkably different from those of quinolones with dual targets (garenoxacin and moxifloxacin) and topoisomerase IV-specific quinolones (trovafloxacin). WCK 771 displayed an activity profile comparable to that of clinafloxacin, a dual-acting quinolone with a high affinity to DNA gyrase. Overall, the findings signify the key role of DNA gyrase in determining the optimal antistaphylococcal features of quinolones.
Inside-outside stereoisomerism. 5. Synthesis and reactivity of trans-bicyclo[n.3.1] alkanones prepared via the intramolecular photocycloaddition of dioxenones (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInside-outside stereoisomerism. 5. Synthesis and reactivity of trans-bicyclo[n.3.1] alkanones prepared via the intramolecular photocycloaddition of dioxenonesJeffrey D. Winkler, Bor Cherng Hong, John P. Hey, and Paul G. WilliardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 23, 8839–8846Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00023a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00023a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views805Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure 2 from R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Eliminating gain transience in RoF signals in dynamic WDM networks using a transient-suppressed-EDFA with additional gain-stabilization (2010)

We demonstrated that supplementary gain-stabilization in combination with a transient-suppressed-EDFA is quite effective to improve RoF signal impaired by gain transience, introduced by EDFAs, and switched traffic accommodated in WDM networks with RoF channel.
Gas‐Sorption Selectivity of CUK‐1: A Porous Coordination Solid Made of Cobalt(II) and Pyridine‐2,4‐ Dicarboxylic Acid (2007)

As a size-selective molecular sieve, the coordination polymer formed from cobalt and pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (CUK-1, see figure) shows unprecedented selectivity for O2 and preferential selectivity for CO2 over CH4. The present sorption results encourage the development of new adsorbent materials that may find use in the production of high-purity gas products. This work demonstrates that CUK-1 can be utilized, for the first time, in the separation of light gases via gas chromatography. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1983_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Lignocellulose Fractionation Using Recyclable Phosphoric Acid: Lignin, Cellulose, and Furfural Production (2020)

The conversion of lignocellulose into its building blocks and their further transformation into valuable platform chemicals (e. g., furfural) are key technologies to move towards the use of renewable resources. This paper explored the disentanglement of lignocellulose into hemicellulose-derived sugars, cellulose, and lignin in a biphasic solvent system (water/2-methyltetrahydrofuran) using phosphoric acid as recyclable catalyst. Integrated with the biomass fractionation, in a second step hemicellulose-derived sugars (mainly xylose) were converted to furfural, which was in situ extracted into 2-methyltetrahydrofuran with high selectivity (70 %) and yield (56 wt %). To further increase the economic feasibility of the process, a downstream and recycling strategy enabled recovery of phosphoric acid without loss of process efficiency over four consecutive cycles. This outlines a more efficient and sustainable use of phosphoric acid as catalyst, as its inherent costs can be significantly lowered.
RNAi-Based Approaches for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy (2021)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-associated death by 2025. Despite intensive research for effective treatment strategies and novel anticancer drugs over the past decade, the overall patient survival rate remains low. RNA interference (RNAi) is capable of interfering with expression of specific genes and has emerged as a promising approach for pancreatic cancer because genetic aberrations and dysregulated signaling are the drivers for tumor formation and the stromal barrier to conventional therapy. Despite its therapeutic potential, RNA-based drugs have remaining hurdles such as poor tumor delivery and susceptibility to serum degradation, which could be overcome with the incorporation of nanocarriers for clinical applications. Here we summarize the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) in pancreatic cancer therapy in preclinical reports with approaches for targeting either the tumor or tumor microenvironment (TME) using various types of nanocarriers. In these studies, inhibition of oncogene expression and induction of a tumor suppressive response in cancer cells and surrounding immune cells in TME exhibited a strong anticancer effect in pancreatic cancer models. The review discusses the remaining challenges and prospective strategies suggesting the potential of RNAi-based therapeutics for pancreatic cancer.
Designing Electrochemical Biosensing Platforms Using Layered Carbon-Stabilized Porous Silicon Nanostructures (2022)

Porous silicon (pSi) is an established porous material that offers ample opportunities for biosensor design thanks to its tunable structure, versatile surface chemistry, and large surface area. Nonetheless, its potential for electrochemical sensing is relatively unexplored. This study investigates layered carbon-stabilized pSi nanostructures with site-specific functionalities as an electrochemical biosensor. A double-layer nanostructure combining a top hydrophilic layer of thermally carbonized pSi (TCpSi) and a bottom hydrophobic layer of thermally hydrocarbonized pSi (THCpSi) is prepared. The modified layers are formed in a stepwise process, involving first an electrochemical anodization step to generate a porous layer with precisely defined pore morphological features, followed by deposition of a thin thermally carbonized coating on the pore walls via temperature-controlled acetylene decomposition. The second layer is then generated beneath the first by following the same two-step process, but the acetylene decomposition conditions are adjusted to deposit a thermally hydrocarbonized coating. The double-layer platform features excellent electrochemical properties such as fast electron-transfer kinetics, which underpin the performance of a TCpSi-THCpSi voltammetric DNA sensor. The biosensor targets a 28-nucleotide single-stranded DNA sequence with a detection limit of 0.4 pM, two orders of magnitude lower than the values reported to date by any other pSi-based electrochemical DNA sensor.
Development of a 3D Brain PET Scanner Using CdTe Semiconductor Detectors and Its First Clinical Application (2011)

Targeting improved spatial resolution, a three-dimensional positron-emission-tomography (PET) scanner employing CdTe semiconductor detectors and using depth-of-interaction (DOI) information was developed, and its physical performance was evaluated. This PET scanner is the first to use semiconductor detectors dedicated to the human brain and head-and-neck region. Imaging performance of the scanner used for <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{18}{\rm F}$</tex> </formula> -fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) scans of phantoms and human brains was evaluated. The gantry of the scanner has a 35.0-cm-diameter patient port, the trans-axial field of view (FOV) is 31.0 cm, and the axial FOV is 24.6 cm. The energy resolution averaged over all detector channels and timing resolution were 4.1% and 6.8 ns (each in FWHM), respectively. Spatial resolution measured at the center of FOV was 2.3-mm FWHM—which is one of the best resolutions achieved by human PET scanners. Noise-equivalent count ratio (NEC2R) has a maximum in the energy window of 390 to 540 keV and is 36 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm kcps/Bq/cm}^{3}$</tex></formula> at 3.7 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm kBq/cm}^{3}$</tex> </formula> . The sensitivity of the system according to NEMA 1994 was 25.9 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm cps/Bq/cm}^{3}$</tex></formula> . Scatter fraction of the scanner is 37% for the energy window of 390 to 540 keV and 23% for 450 to 540 keV. Images of a hot-rod phantom and images of brain glucose metabolism show that the structural accuracy of the images obtained with the semiconductor PET scanner is higher than that possible with a conventional Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) PET scanner. In addition, the developed scanner permits better delineation of the head-and-neck cancer. These results show that the semiconductor PET scanner will play a major role in the upcoming era of personalized medicine.
Cover Image (2022)

Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors were developed in this work via engineering a Zn‐anode/electrolyte interface and 3D Graphene‐like Carbon Cathode. The designed hybrid device realizes the battery‐like specific energy (203 Wh kg–1) and supercapacitor‐type power capability (4.9 kW kg–1) and cycling stability (96.75% retention over 30000 cycles) at a much lower price than the commercial supercapacitors and Li‐ion batteries. This work (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12344 ) provides a scalable yet cost‐effective approach for developing a next‐generation Zn‐ion‐based energy storage system. image
Primary Spinal Epidural Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Demonstrated by FDG PET/CT (2010)

We report the F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography appearance of a biopsy-proven primary epidural non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine with a small hypermetabolic right middle lobe nodule in a 33-year-old man. The HIV-positive patient presented with mid- to low back pain for several days, which progressed to lower extremity weakness and urinary retention. Primary spinal epidural non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare form of malignancy, constituting approximately 0.1% to 3.3% of all lymphomas. In our case, the primary tumor appears as an intensely hypermetabolic soft-tissue mass involving the posterior epidural space from C6 through T9 levels.
Self‐Assembled Asperities for Pressure‐Tunable Adhesion (2022)

Control of adhesion is important in a host of applications including soft robotics, pick-and-place manufacturing, wearable devices, and transfer printing. While there are adhesive systems with discrete switchability between states of high and low adhesion, achieving continuously variable adhesion strength remains a challenge. In this work, a pressure-tunable adhesive (PTA) that is based on the self-assembly of stiff microscale asperities on an elastomeric substrate is presented. It is demonstrated that the adhesion strength of the PTA increases with the applied compressive preload due to the unique contact formation mechanism caused by the asperities. Additionally, a contact mechanics model is developed to explain the resulting trends. For a specific PTA design, the critical pull-off force can be increased from 0.4 to 30 mN by increasing the applied preload from 1 to 30 mN. Finally, the applicability of precision control of adhesion strength is demonstrated by utilizing the PTA for pick-and-place material handling. The approach in pressure-tunable adhesive design based on self-assembly of asperities presents a scalable and versatile approach that is applicable to a variety of material systems having different mechanical or surface properties.
Mechanical Unloading Versus Neurohumoral Stimulation on Myocardial Structure and Endocrine Function In Vivo (2000)

BACKGROUND-Mechanical load and humoral stimuli such as endothelin (ET) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are potent modulators of cardiac structure and endocrine function, specifically gene expression and production and release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We define the contribution of mechanical load compared with neurohumoral stimulation in vivo with specific focus on myocardial and circulating ANP during chronic myocardial unloading produced by thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (TIVCC). METHODS AND RESULTS-TIVCC was produced by banding the IVC for 10 days in 7 dogs, whereas in the 6 control dogs, the band was not constricted. TIVCC was characterized by a decrease in cardiac output, right atrial pressure, and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter and marked activation of ET and Ang II in plasma and atrial and ventricular myocardium. Despite neurohumoral stimulation, LV mass index and myocyte diameters in unloaded hearts decreased, reflecting myocyte atrophy. The total number of myocytes in the LV remained unchanged. Atrial stores of ANP increased, but plasma ANP did not change, in association with a trend toward ANP gene expression to decrease in unloaded hearts. CONCLUSIONS-Chronic mechanical unloading of the heart results in myocardial atrophy and lack of activation of ANP synthesis despite marked neurohumoral stimulation by the growth promoters ET and Ang II.
A double-exposure technique to macroscopically control submicrometer linewidths in positive resist images (1978)

A double-exposure, end-point detection technique (DEEP-DET) enables precise development of lines below 1 µm. A small test area first receives a precalibrated blanket exposure. During the masking operation, features of several micrometers are printed on it. When the resist in the test area, observed by eye or under a low-power microscope, is completely cleared, the water is accurately developed. An efficient method of precalibration is described. The capability of a 0.01-µm accuracy is estimated analytically. An experimental demonstration of the accuracy and a scheme for automatic detection are given.
Efficient Cloud Auto-Scaling with SLA Objective Using Q-Learning (2018)

Threshold based cloud auto-scaling is one of the most common methods used to scale cloud applications. A major drawback of this method is that the thresholds are set manually by the user in an ad hoc fashion, not optimally, and specially crafted for a specific application behavior, leading to SLA failures. We present Q-Threshold - A novel algorithm for adaptively and dynamically adjusting the thresholds with no need for user configuration while meeting SLA objectives. In this context we present new methods for improving reinforcement Q-Learning auto-scaling with faster convergence, reduced state space and reduced action space in a distributed cloud environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods both on simulations and on real applications.
Integrating Loran and GNSS for Safety of Life Applications (2008)

Navigators have often used integration of information from multiple sensors to form a more robust and accurate navigation solution. Integrated Loran and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is one combination that has been examined in the past to improve accuracy and availability. With the recent development of Enhanced Loran (eLoran), the next generation of Loran, the relatively recent idea of combining the two systems for safety of life application becomes a possibility [1]. This is because eLoran is designed to support in safety critical applications such as aircraft and maritime navigation [2]. This ability provides redundancy to GNSS in critical applications if it is disrupted. This goal was given further impetus by recent events.
Microencapsulation of Natural Food Antimicrobials: Methods and Applications (2022)

The global demand for safe and healthy food with minimal synthetic preservatives is continuously increasing. Some natural food antimicrobials with strong antimicrobial activity and low toxicity have been considered as alternatives for current commercial food preservatives. Nonetheless, these natural food antimicrobials are hardly applied directly to food products due to issues such as food flavor or bioavailability. Recent advances in microencapsulation technology have the potential to provide stable systems for these natural antibacterials, which can then be used directly in food matrices. In this review, we focus on the application of encapsulated natural antimicrobial agents, such as essential oils, plant extracts, bacteriocins, etc., as potential food preservatives to extend the shelf-life of food products. The advantages and drawbacks of the mainly used encapsulation methods, such as molecular inclusion, spray drying, coacervation, emulsification, supercritical antisolvent precipitation and liposome and alginate microbeads, are discussed. Meanwhile, the main current applications of encapsulated antimicrobials in various food products, such as meat, dairy and cereal products for controlling microbial growth, are presented.
Celebrating ten years: editorial (2021)

Current Editor-in-Chief Alexandra Boltasseva and inaugural Editor-in-Chief David Hagan look back over the decade and celebrate the tenth anniversary of Optical Materials Express .
Recent Advances in Surface Micromachining (1996)

Surface micromachining is the fabrication of micromechanical structures from deposited thin films. Although the process dates to the 1960s, this paper will survey its rapid extension over the past few years and its application to batch-fabrication of micromechanisms and of monolithic micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). Two central issues in surface micromachining are: (i) the understanding and control of the material properties of microstructural films, such as polycrystalline silicon, and (ii) the release of the microstructure, for example by wet-etching silicon dioxide sacrificial films, followed by the drying and surface passivation of the microstructure. Recent developments in hinged structures for post-release assembly and high-aspect ratio fabrication of molded parts from deposited thin films promise to extend greatly the capabilities of surface micromachining technology.
Developments in the Accelerated Convergent Synthesis of Dendrimers (2001)

This chapter has sections titled: Introduction Convergent Synthesis Double-Stage Convergent Growth Strategies: Hypermonomers and Hypercores The Double Exponential Growth Strategy Orthogonal Coupling Strategies Conclusion References
A Comprehensive Geophysical Case Study at A former Radioactive Waste Disposal Site In The Columbia River Valley, Southeastern Washington (2005)

As part of a site investigation, sponsored by the United States Department of Energy, at the&lt;br&gt;Hanford superfund site in southeastern Washington, a magnetics, electromagnetics (EM), and resistivity&lt;br&gt;survey was completed. A dense coverage of geo-referenced EM and magnetics data was simultaneously&lt;br&gt;obtained over the 50-acre site to delineate the location of buried waste disposal trenches in the Hanford&lt;br&gt;alluvial formation. Radioactive contaminants of concern in the trenches consisted of Uranium,&lt;br&gt;Plutonium, Cesium, Strontium, and Technetium. The EM and magnetics results confirmed suspected&lt;br&gt;trench locations and the location of pipelines used to transport the liquid waste to the trenches.&lt;br&gt;High resolution resistivity (HRR), conducted in a pole-pole array, was used to image the vertical&lt;br&gt;and lateral distribution of the electrical resistivity beneath a single trench. Five parallel lines of lengths&lt;br&gt;200m to 300m and spaced approximately 8m apart indicated that the plume has migrated downward&lt;br&gt;from the trench to 30m below ground surface. A hydraulically resistive layer of fine silt has&lt;br&gt;significantly impeded the plume from reaching the water table. An additional line, which bisected&lt;br&gt;several trenches, suggested that the plume is extensive and the contributions from each trench combine&lt;br&gt;to form a single contiguous plume. Remediation strategies are currently being considered.