gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A jitter equalization technique for minimizing supply noise induced jitter in high speed serial links (2014)

As data rate of serial interface has increased dramatically, timing margin has gotten tighter and tighter. Supply voltage has also kept deducing according to silicon process technology. However, supply noise is hardly reduced due to higher data rate, a huge number of transistors and slower improvement of packaging technology. Therefore, the jitter due to supply noise can be quite large compared to other jitter components. The jitter due to supply noise is not cancelled out by CDR or PLL at the receiver since PDN resonance frequency is higher than loop bandwidth of CDR or PLL. It is not cost effective if only PDN improvement is adopted to reduce supply noise induced jitter. It is essential to optimize performance at architecture level including circuits and PDN. In this paper, the new technique is proposed to minimize supply noise induced jitter in high speed serial interface. The proposed techniques called Jitter Equalizer (JEqualizer) improves jitter performance by 80% with minimal power increase and area over head. The impact is evaluated by supply noise induced jitter modeling.
Facial expression recognition based on diffeomorphic matching (2010)

This paper presents a new framework for facial expression recognition based on diffeomorphic matching. First landmarks are selected based on a manual or automatic method. All of the landmarks from different images are registered to a reference landmark set using a rigid registration algorithm. The pair-wise geodesic distance between all sets of landmarks are then computed using diffeomorphic matching. Finally, a K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) is used to classify a query image using the geodesic distances. Both the classification and classical MultiDimensional Scaling results show that geodesic distance is more effective than Euclidean distance on capturing the face shape variation.
Propagation models at 5.8 GHz-path loss and building penetration (2002)

This paper presents a propagation study at 5.725 GHz-5.825 GHz, within the U.S. Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band. Propagation path loss is measured at 5.8 GHz in a residential area near Boulder, Colorado. Experimental sets of data are collected for a 100 MHz broadband channel, used to establish a high-speed (T1) data link. A plurality of propagation models are referenced, reviewed and commented upon. Data sets are separated into line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) subsets, and in each case a suitable model is found to match our measured data. We show in particular that, under certain conditions, and with a LOS/NLOS distinction, the use of widely known models may be extended to a broadband channel at 5.8 GHz. These results are noteworthy since these propagation models were designed for cellular and PCS use at lower frequency and narrow-band channels. Subsequently we study indoor propagation: penetration losses into residences are measured, average and standard deviation values are derived for in-building penetration. These values are analyzed in conjunction with the previous modeling, and lead to guidelines for indoor coverage.
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation and Precoding Design for Highly-Loaded Multiuser MISO in Beyond 5G Networks (2021)

Multiuser techniques play a central role in the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks that exploit spatial diversity to serve multiple users simultaneously in the same frequency resource. It is well known that a multi-antenna base station (BS) can efficiently serve a number of users not exceeding the number of antennas at the BS via precoding design. However, when there are more users than the number of antennas at the BS, conventional precoding design methods perform poorly because inter-user interference cannot be efficiently eliminated. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a highly-loaded multiuser system in which a BS simultaneously serves a number of users that is larger than the number of antennas. We propose a dynamic bandwidth allocation and precoding design framework and apply it to two important problems in multiuser systems: i) User fairness maximization and ii) Transmit power minimization, both subject to predefined quality of service (QoS) requirements. The premise of the proposed framework is to dynamically assign orthogonal frequency channels to different user groups and carefully design the precoding vectors within every user group. Since the formulated problems are non-convex, we propose two iterative algorithms based on successive convex approximations (SCA), whose convergence is theoretically guaranteed. Furthermore, we propose a low-complexity user grouping policy based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) to further improve the system performance. Finally, we demonstrate via numerical results that the proposed framework significantly outperforms existing designs in the literature.
Cost effective 28nm LP SoC technology optimized with circuit/device/process co-design for smart mobile devices (2010)

With newer technology nodes, circuit/device/process codesign is essential to realize the advantages of scaling. Leveraging co-design approach based on a well-established manufacturing flow, a cost effective 28 nm 4G SOC technology has been crafted. This 28 nm design strategy uses two sets of design rules and 7 different Vt cells with optimal power gating to achieve a 2.4× increase in gate density, 55% decrease in power and 30% gain in frequency with respect to the 45 nm counterpart. Relevant technical tradeoffs between the design/technology interactions are discussed to illustrate the codesign aspects.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from SMYD3 Promotes Cancer Invasion by Epigenetic Upregulation of the Metalloproteinase <i>MMP-9</i> (2023)

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Design of a spherical focal surface using close-packed relay optics: erratum (2013)

A coding error was found in calculating the optimal packing distribution of our geodesic array. The error was corrected and the new optimization results in slightly improved packing density. The overall approach and algorithm remain unchanged.
Optimization of PTH / PTHrP Hybrid Peptides to Derive a Long‐Acting PTH Analog ( LA‐PTH ) (2020)

Prolonged signaling at the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) correlates with the capacity of a ligand to bind to a G protein-independent receptor conformation (R<sup>0</sup>). As long-acting PTH (LA-PTH) ligands hold interest as potential treatments for hypoparathyroidism (HP), we explored the structural basis in the ligand for stable R<sup>0</sup> binding and prolonged cAMP signaling. A series of PTH/PTHrP hybrid analogs were synthesized and tested for actions in vitro and in vivo. Of the series, [Ala<sup>1,3,12</sup>,Gln<sup>10</sup>,Arg<sup>11</sup>,Trp<sup>14</sup>]-PTH(1-14)/PTHrP(15-36) (M-PTH/PTHrP) bound with high affinity to R<sup>0</sup>, induced prolonged cAMP responses in UMR106 rat osteoblast-derived cells, and induced the most prolonged increases in serum calcium (sCa) in normal rats. Daily s.c. injection of M-PTH/PTHrP into thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats, a model of HP, normalized sCa without raising urine Ca. In contrast, oral alfacalcidol, a widely used treatment for HP, normalized sCa, but induced frank hypercalciuria. M-PTH/PTHrP exhibited low solubility in aqueous solutions of neutral pH; however, replacement of Leu18, Phe22, and His26 with the less hydrophobic residues, Ala, Ala, and Lys, at those respective positions markedly improved solubility while maintaining bioactivity. Indeed, we recently showed that the resultant analog [Ala<sup>18,22</sup>,Lys<sup>26</sup>]-M-PTH/PTHrP or LA-PTH, effectively normalizes sCa in TPTX rats and mediates prolonged actions in monkeys. These studies provide useful information for optimizing PTH and PTHrP ligand analogs for therapeutic development. © 2020 The Authors. <i>JBMR Plus</i> published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Aqueous Processing and Spray Deposition of Polymer-Wrapped Tin-Doped Indium Oxide Nanocrystals as Electrochromic Thin Films (2020)

Plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals are interesting electrochromic materials because they display high modulation of infrared light, fast switching kinetics, and durability. Nanocrystals facilitate solution-based and high-throughput deposition, but typically require handling hazardous nonaqueous solvents and further processing of the as-deposited film with energy-intensive or chemical treatments. We report on a method to produce aqueous dispersions of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) by refunctionalizing the nanocrystal surface, previously stripped of its native hydrophobic ligands, with a hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) polymer featuring a low density of methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) grafts (PAA-mPEO4). To determine conditions favoring the adsorption of PAA-mPEO4 on ITO, we varied the pH and chemical species present in the exchange solution. The extent of polymer wrapping on the nanocrystal surface can be tuned as a function of the pH to prevent aggregation in solution and deposit uniform, smooth, and optical quality spray coated thin films. We demonstrate the utility of polymer-wrapped ITO nanocrystal thin films as an electrochromic material and achieve fast, stable, and reversible near-infrared modulation without the need to remove the polymer after deposition provided that a wrapping density of ∼20% by mass is not exceeded.
Solid adsorbents for removal of hydrogen sulphide from hot gas (1985)

A wide range of solids have been tested as potential adsorbents for H2S removal from hot gas. These solids can be divided into two main groups, i.e., the adsorbents containing alkaline earth metals and those containing transition metals. Among the former, calcium oxide and naturally occurring materials such as limestone, dolomite and calcium silicate have attracted a great deal of attention. The adsorbents of the second group include iron oxide alone or in combination with some supports, zinc oxide, zinc ferrite and manganese oxide. The materials containing bath the alkaline earth metals and transition metals, e .g., manganese nodules, fly ash and the r eject from the aluminium industry (red mud) have been evaluated as well.
Core-Crosslinked Micelle (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
SAFER INTERNET ACCESS IN CARS : SIEMENS RESEARCHERS BELIEVE THAT VOICE BROWSING TECHNOLOGY CAN BE A SAFE AND COST-EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR OFFERING E-MAIL AND WEB CONTENT IN VEHICLES (2000)

This article examines how voice browsers may be an effective and safe method of enabling drivers to process e-mail and browse the Internet while driving. It describes research taking place at Siemens in which the car radio is used as the interface device and the basis of a voice browser, while the Web-based Interactive Radio Environment (WIRE) is used for providing drivers with access to e-mail and Web services.
High performance charge-coupled-device imager technology for plasma diagnostics (1997)

High-sensitivity, low-noise, and high-frame-rate charge-coupled-devices (CCD) and camera system electronics have been developed for imaging applications in the visible and near infrared spectra. Back-illuminated CCD imagers are used in the camera system for sensitive signal detection. A fabrication technology, using a refractory process, has been developed for CCD back-illumination that has quantum efficiencies as high as 90% from 500 to 700 nm and 50% from 200 to 400 nm. The CCD imagers use multiple output ports, with single-port pixel rates up to 5 MHz, for low-noise operation at high frame rates. An electronic shutter has been integrated into the pixel structure that has switching times of approximately 50 ns and an extinction ratio value of 104 (signal detected shutter opened to shutter closed) at wavelengths below 540 nm. A flexible electronic board set, providing various operating modes, has been designed to run the CCD at high frame rates while maintaining the detection sensitivity of the imager.
SU‐E‐T‐98: Towards Cell Nucleus Microdosimetry: Construction of a Confocal Laser‐Scanning Fluorescence Microscope to Readout Fluorescence Nuclear Track Detectors (FNTDs) (2012)

Further work needs to be done to increase the resolution and the signal to noise ratio of the images so that energy deposition events may be identified more easily. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Characterization of the coherence properties of a multilongitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a Michelson interferometer (2000)

The coherence properties of a widely tunable, multilongitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber ring laser are investigated by means of an extremely long-arm scanning Michelson interferometer. A return of the coherence is observed at each integer multiple ofthe cavity length with a slowly decaying envelope over several kilometres.
Microstructure by design: An approach of grain refinement and isotropy improvement in multi-layer wire-based laser metal deposition (2019)

The additive production of metallic components with high-throughput is usually associated with high process temperatures and slow cooling rates. This typically results in strongly oriented columnar grain growth along the building direction of the structure having exceedingly large grain sizes. As a result, such structures show typically low strength and anisotropic mechanical behaviour in as-deposited condition. Consequently, post-processing is commonly performed to homogenize and eventually increase the mechanical properties of the deposited structures. In this regard, precise control of the applied process energy allows a modification of the local temperature distribution and cooling conditions during the additive manufacturing process, which strongly influence the resulting solidification microstructure. The aim of the present study is the development of an approach that allows to influence the solidification conditions in wire-based laser metal deposition of an Al-Mg alloy through specific adjustments of the laser irradiation. It was found that significantly different solidification microstructures in as-deposited condition can be achieved by adjusting the laser beam irradiance within a range resulting in conduction mode welding conditions while keeping the heat input constant. The application of high laser beam irradiances, close to the transition to keyhole mode welding, results in structures with a homogeneous large-grained solidification microstructure exhibiting a degree of anisotropy of around 12% between building direction and the direction of deposition. In contrast, the use of low laser beam irradiance close to the lower limit of stable melting, results in structures with a significantly refined microstructure. Consequently, an increase of yield strength of up to around 20% and microhardness of up to 13%, as compared to structures processed with high laser beam irradiance, could be obtained. Moreover, the anisotropy of the as-deposited structure was reduced to a degree lower than 2%.
UPTAKE OF RADIONUCLIDE METALS BY SPME FIBERS (2006)

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory currently does not have on site facilities for handling radioactive evidentiary materials and there are no established FBI methods or procedures for decontaminating high explosive (HE) and fire debris (FD) evidence while maintaining evidentiary value. One experimental method for the isolation of HE and FD residue involves using solid phase microextraction or SPME fibers to remove residue of interest. Due to their high affinity for organics, SPME fibers should have little affinity for most metals. However, no studies have measured the affinity of radionuclides for SPME fibers. The focus of this research was to examine the affinity of dissolved radionuclide ({sup 239/240}Pu, {sup 238}U, {sup 237}Np, {sup 85}Sr, {sup 133}Ba, {sup 137}Cs, {sup 60}Co and {sup 226}Ra) and stable radionuclide surrogate metals (Sr, Co, Ir, Re, Ni, Ba, Cs, Nb, Zr, Ru, and Nd) for SPME fibers at the exposure conditions that favor the uptake of HE and FD residues. Our results from radiochemical and mass spectrometric analyses indicate these metals have little measurable affinity for these SPME fibers during conditions that are conducive to HE and FD residue uptake with subsequent analysis by liquid or gas phase chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.
A critical cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor alpha chain and its function in IL-5-mediated growth signal transduction. (1994)

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) regulates the production and function of B cells, eosinophils, and basophils. The IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) consists of two distinct membrane proteins, alpha and beta. The alpha chain (IL-5R alpha) is specific to IL-5. The beta chain is the common beta chain (beta c) of receptors for IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The cytoplasmic domains of both alpha and beta chains are essential for signal transduction. In this study, we generated cDNAs of IL-5R alpha having various mutations in their cytoplasmic domains and examined the function of these mutants by expressing them in IL-3-dependent FDC-P1 cells. The membrane-proximal proline-rich sequence of the cytoplasmic domain of IL-5R alpha, which is conserved among the alpha chains of IL-5R, IL-3R, and GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSFR), was found to be essential for the IL-5-induced proliferative response, expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes such as c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc, and tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins including JAK2 protein-tyrosine kinase. In addition, analysis using chimeric receptors which consist of the extracellular domain of IL-5R alpha and the cytoplasmic domain of beta c suggested that dimerization of the cytoplasmic domain of beta c may be an important step in activating the IL-5R complex and transducing intracellular growth signals.
Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor induces human melanoma‐cell migration (1993)

Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of death for cancer patients. The metastatic cascade requires successful tumor cell invasion into and through vascular and parenchymal barriers. We have shown that autocrine motility factor (AMF, autotaxin) and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) induce tumor-cell migration. Since granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to prime neutrophils for chemotaxis, we have therefore studied the influence of GM-CSF upon tumor cells and report that GM-CSF stimulates migration of these cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The ED50 for A2058 human melanoma cell line chemotaxis to GM-CSF is approx. 60 pM. The motile response to GM-CSF was additive to that of IGF-I and AMF, both of which are potent attractants for tumor cells. Pre-treatment of cells for 2 hr with non-toxic concentrations of pertussis toxin (PT) or amiloride resulted in a 50% inhibition of chemotaxis to GM-CSF. Therefore, GM-CSF, through PT- and amiloride-sensitive signal pathways, is a potent attractant for melanoma cells, the response to which is additive to that of other attractants. The presence of the GM-CSF receptor in A2058 melanoma cells was indicated by Northern-blot analysis which identified message transcripts of 2.1 and 3.0 kb. These data emphasize the versatility of the melanoma cell migration response to an array of cytokines, including GM-CSF.
Molecular Insights into the Biosynthesis of Guadinomine: A Type III Secretion System Inhibitor (2012)

Guadinomines are a recently discovered family of anti-infective compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. K01-0509 with a novel mode of action. With an IC(50) of 14 nM, guadinomine B is the most potent known inhibitor of the type III secretion system (TTSS) of Gram-negative bacteria. TTSS activity is required for the virulence of many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Chlamydia spp., Vibrio spp., and Pseudomonas spp. The guadinomine (gdn) biosynthetic gene cluster has been cloned and sequenced and includes 26 open reading frames spanning 51.2 kb. It encodes a chimeric multimodular polyketide synthase, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, along with enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the unusual aminomalonyl-acyl carrier protein extender unit and the signature carbamoylated cyclic guanidine. Its identity was established by targeted disruption of the gene cluster as well as by heterologous expression and analysis of key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Identifying the guadinomine gene cluster provides critical insight into the biosynthesis of these scarce but potentially important natural products.
Bioprinting small diameter blood vessel constructs with an endothelial and smooth muscle cell bilayer in a single step (2020)

Bioengineered artificial blood vessels have been a major area of interest over the last decade. Of particular interest are small diameter vessels, as surgical options are currently limited. This study aimed to fabricate a small diameter, heterogeneous bilayer blood vessel-like construct in a single step with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioink using a 3D micro-extrusion bioprinter on a solid platform. GelMA was supplemented with Hyaluronic acid (HA), glycerol and gelatin to form a GelMA bioink with good printability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. Two separate concentrations of GelMA bioink with unique pore sizes were selected to fabricate a heterogeneous bilayer. A higher concentration of GelMA bioink (6% w/v GelMA, 2% gelatin, 0.3% w/v HA, 10% v/v glycerol) was used to load human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and form an inner, endothelial tissue layer. A lower concentration of GelMA bioink (4% w/v GelMA, 4% gelatin, 0.3% w/v HA, 10% v/v glycerol) was used to load smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and form an outer, muscular tissue layer. Bioprinted blood vessel-like grafts were then assessed for mechanical properties with Instron mechanical testing, and suture-ability, and for biological properties including viability, proliferation, and histological analysis. The resulting 20 mm long, 4.0 mm diameter lumen heterogeneous bilayer blood vessel-like construct closely mimics a native blood vessel and maintains high cell viability and proliferation. Our results represent a novel strategy for small diameter blood vessel biofabrication.