gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
238 Effects of algae DHA on parameters of nutrient digestibility, blood coagulation and serum fatty acid profile (2019)

Abstract Algae can be a sustainable alternative for dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w3-PUFAs; DHA and EPA), however there is limited information on the safety and bioavailability of w3-PUFAs from algal sources in feline diets. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Algal-DHA on plasma fatty acid profile, blood coagulation, and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility (ATTD) in adult cats. Three diets were formulated to contain poultry fat or a 2% inclusion of fish oil or DHA-algal meal. Thirty female and male adult cats (mean age: 1.8 ± 0.03 yrs, mean BW: 4.5 ± 0.8 kg) were used in a complete randomized design and fed assigned diets for 90 days. Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 and analyzed for serum chemistry, complete blood count, coagulation factors, and plasma fatty acid profile. At the end of the experimental period, a 4-d total fecal collection was performed for determination of ATTD of macronutrients and fecal score. There were no significant (P &amp;gt; 0.05) differences in food intake, fecal output and scores among dietary treatments. Similarly, ATTD of dry matter and organic did not differ (P &amp;gt; 0.05) among diets. Dietary supplementation of fish oil or algal-DHA did not affect (P &amp;gt; 0.05) plasma prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time. All cats remained healthy throughout the study. Serum triglyceride concentrations were within reference range, but were significantly higher for DHA on days 30 and 90 vs. day 0. Results gathered herein indicate that feeding an algal-DHA enriched diet is safe and will not negatively impact nutrient digestibility, food intake, or coagulation factors in adult cats.
Proteomics computational analyses suggest that the carboxyl terminal glycoproteins of Bunyaviruses are class II viral fusion protein (beta-penetrenes). (2004)

The Bunyaviridae family of enveloped RNA viruses includes five genuses, orthobunyaviruses, hantaviruses, phleboviruses, nairoviruses and tospoviruses. It has not been determined which Bunyavirus protein mediates virion:cell membrane fusion. Class II viral fusion proteins (beta-penetrenes), encoded by members of the Alphaviridae and Flaviviridae, are comprised of three antiparallel beta sheet domains with an internal fusion peptide located at the end of domain II. Proteomics computational analyses indicate that the carboxyl terminal glycoprotein (Gc) encoded by Sandfly fever virus (SAN), a phlebovirus, has a significant amino acid sequence similarity with envelope protein 1 (E1), the class II fusion protein of Sindbis virus (SIN), an Alphavirus. Similar sequences and common structural/functional motifs, including domains with a high propensity to interface with bilayer membranes, are located collinearly in SAN Gc and SIN E1. Gc encoded by members of each Bunyavirus genus share several sequence and structural motifs. These results suggest that Gc of Bunyaviridae, and similar proteins of Tenuiviruses and a group of Caenorhabditis elegans retroviruses, are class II viral fusion proteins. Comparisons of divergent viral fusion proteins can reveal features essential for virion:cell fusion, and suggest drug and vaccine strategies.
Additional file 1: of Anemia and risk for cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease (2016)

Supplemental File. (DOCX 12 kb)
A Low-Power FSK/Spatial Modulation Receiver for Short-Range mm-Wave Wireless Links (2019)

Space-shift keying (SSK) or spatial modulation can provide increased energy-efficiency by using antennas/beam switching to transfer data. Such links are attractive at mm-wave due to small physical size and potential applications in slow-varying short-range channels. Low-power pulsed phased-array mm-wave TX has been demonstrated that maintains energy-efficiency while providing beam switching functionality. In this work, a two-element mm-wave FSK/SSK RX is presented that can concurrently demodulate FSK and SSK by using relative outputs of a two-element combiner to detect angle-of-incidence. A 65-nm CMOS 68 GHz 2-element RX prototype is packaged with aperture-coupled PCB antennas to demonstrate >2 Gb/s data rates while consuming <;30 mW across both elements. The first end-to-end CMOS SSK link using CMOS FSK-SSK TX and RX is demonstrated with 2 Gb/s data transfer across 6 cm in a reflective channel.
A new selection policy for adaptive routing in network on chip (2006)

Efficient and deadlock-free routing is critical to the performance of networks-on-chip. In this paper we present a new selection policy that can be coupled to any adaptive routing algorithm to improve the performance in terms of average delay. The proposed approach introduce the concept of Neighbors-on-Path to exploit the situations of indecision occurring when the routing function returns several admissible output channels. A selection strategy is developed with the aim to choose the channel that will allow the packet to be routed to its destination along a path that is as free as possible of congested nodes. Experimental comparisons between the proposed approach against both the deterministic XY routing and current state-of-the-art of adaptive routing algorithm for different traffic scenarios show an improvement in terms of saturation point respectively of 36% and almost 10% in average.
Irreversible increase of the low-temperature paramagnetism in GaAs substrates (2006)

The magnetic susceptibility of undoped GaAs substrates is measured from 2to300K. It comprises two types of temperature-dependent net-paramagnetic contributions. One is a Van Vleck-type paramagnetic contribution which scales inversely with the band gap of the semiconductor and thus increases up to room temperature. The other resembles a Langevin-type paramagnetism which sets in only at low temperatures after certain thermal cycling procedures.
Generating microstructures with specified correlation functions (2001)

A stochastic optimization technique has recently been developed that can reconstruct or construct random heterogeneous materials with specified statistical correlation functions. We demonstrate how this technique can be used to reconstruct a digitized image of an interpenetrating, isotropic ceramic-metal composite. In this case, the two-point probability function displays no short-range order and the image is reconstructed by optimizing in two orthogonal directions only. However, this technique results in artificial anisotropy in the unoptimized directions when one (re)constructs an image in which the isotropic two-point probability function exhibits appreciable short-range order. We show that by optimizing in more than two directions, one can effectively eliminate the artificial anisotropic effects for a system possessing significant short-range order. This is done by optimizing in three directions on a hexagonal grid and by optimizing in four directions on a square grid. Finally, an aspect of the nonuniqueness of the resulting structures is quantitatively examined.
Milk Phospholipids Enhance Lymphatic Absorption of Dietary Sphingomyelin in Lymph‐Cannulated Rats (2015)

Supplementation with sphingomyelin has been reported to have beneficial effects on disease prevention and health maintenance. However, compared with glycerolipids, intact sphingomyelin and ceramides are poorly absorbed. Therefore, if the bioavailability of dietary sphingomyelin is increased, then the dose administered can be reduced. This study was designed to identify molecular species of ceramide in rat lymph after the ingestion of milk sphingomyelin, and to compare the effect of purified sphingomyelin with milk phospholipids concentrate (MPL, 185 mg sphingomyelin/g) on lymphatic absorption of milk sphingomyelin. Lymph was collected hourly for 6 h from lymph-cannulated rats (n = 8/group) after the administration of a control emulsion (triolein, bovine serum albumin, and sodium taurocholate), a sphingomyelin emulsion (control + purified sphingomyelin), or a MPL emulsion (control + MPL). Molecular species of ceramide in lymph were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Molecular species of ceramide, containing not only d18:1, but also d17:1 and d16:1 sphingosine with 16:0, 22:0, 23:0, and 24:0 fatty acids (specific to milk sphingomyelin), were increased in rat lymph after the administration of milk sphingomyelin. Their molecular species were similar to those of dietary milk sphingomyelin. Recovery of ceramide moieties from dietary sphingomyelin was 1.28- to 1.80-fold significantly higher in the MPL group than in the sphingomyelin group. Our results demonstrated that dietary sphingomyelin from milk was transported to lymph as molecular species of ceramide hydrolyzed from milk sphingomyelin and co-ingestion of sphingomyelin with glycerophospholipids enhanced the bioavailability of dietary sphingomyelin.
Influence of particle size and shape on their margination and wall-adhesion: implications in drug delivery vehicle design across nano-to-micro scale (2018)

Intravascular drug delivery technologies majorly utilize spherical nanoparticles as carrier vehicles. Their targets are often at the blood vessel wall or in the tissue beyond the wall, such that vehicle localization towards the wall (margination) becomes a pre-requisite for their function. To this end, some studies have indicated that under flow environment, micro-particles have a higher propensity than nano-particles to marginate to the wall. Also, non-spherical particles theoretically have a higher area of surface-adhesive interactions than spherical particles. However, detailed systematic studies that integrate various particle size and shape parameters across nano-to-micro scale to explore their wall-localization behavior in RBC-rich blood flow, have not been reported. We address this gap by carrying out computational and experimental studies utilizing particles of four distinct shapes (spherical, oblate, prolate, rod) spanning nano- to-micro scale sizes. Computational studies were performed using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) package, with Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). For experimental studies, model particles were made from neutrally buoyant fluorescent polystyrene spheres, that were thermo-stretched into non-spherical shapes and all particles were surface-coated with biotin. Using microfluidic setup, the biotin-coated particles were flowed over avidin-coated surfaces in absence versus presence of RBCs, and particle adhesion and retention at the surface was assessed by inverted fluorescence microscopy. Our computational and experimental studies provide a simultaneous analysis of different particle sizes and shapes for their retention in blood flow and indicate that in presence of RBCs, micro-scale non-spherical particles undergo enhanced 'margination + adhesion' compared to nano-scale spherical particles, resulting in their higher binding. These results provide important insight regarding improved design of vascularly targeted drug delivery systems.
Magnetic anisotropy of (110) Fe∕Co superlattices (2006)

Magnetic anisotropy field of (110) Fe∕Co superlattices was found to be as high as 1T, with an in-plane easy axis. First principles calculations within the local spin density approximation show good agreement with the measurement. Lowering the symmetry by creating artificial superlattice structures leads to a significant increase in magnetic anisotropy energy as compared with any allotropic form of the elemental components and cubic FeCo. Large anisotropy is attributed to the cubic symmetry breaking due to the multilayer artificial atomic arrangement. Dependence of the anisotropy field on the superlattice period is supported by Monte Carlo film growth modeling.
MEMS Reliability: Infrastructure, Test Structures, Experiments, and Failure Modes (2000)

The burgeoning new technology of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) shows great promise in the weapons arena. We can now conceive of micro-gyros, micro-surety systems, and micro-navigators that are extremely small and inexpensive. Do we want to use this new technology in critical applications such as nuclear weapons? This question drove us to understand the reliability and failure mechanisms of silicon surface-micromachined MEMS. Development of a testing infrastructure was a crucial step to perform reliability experiments on MEMS devices and will be reported here. In addition, reliability test structures have been designed and characterized. Many experiments were performed to investigate failure modes and specifically those in different environments (humidity, temperature, shock, vibration, and storage). A predictive reliability model for wear of rubbing surfaces in microengines was developed. The root causes of failure for operating and non-operating MEMS are discussed. The major failure mechanism for operating MEMS was wear of the polysilicon rubbing surfaces. Reliability design rules for future MEMS devices are established.
Charge stability and charge-state-based spin readout of shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2022)

Spin-based applications of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamonds require efficient spin readout. One approach is the spin-to-charge conversion (SCC), relying on mapping the spin states onto the neutral (NV$^0$) and negative (NV$^-$) charge states followed by a subsequent charge readout. With high charge-state stability, SCC enables extended measurement times, increasing precision and minimizing noise in the readout compared to the commonly used fluorescence detection. Nano-scale sensing applications, however, require shallow NV centers within a few $\si{\nano \meter}$ distance from the surface where surface related effects might degrade the NV charge state. In this article, we investigate the charge state initialization and stability of single NV centers implanted $\approx \SI{5}{\nano \meter}$ below the surface of a flat diamond plate. We demonstrate the SCC protocol on four shallow NV centers suitable for nano-scale sensing, obtaining a reduced readout noise of 5--6 times the spin-projection noise limit. We investigate the general applicability of SCC for shallow NV centers and observe a correlation between NV charge-state stability and readout noise. Coating the diamond with glycerol improves both charge initialization and stability. Our results reveal the influence of the surface-related charge environment on the NV charge properties and motivate further investigations to functionalize the diamond surface with glycerol or other materials for charge-state stabilization and efficient spin-state readout of shallow NV centers suitable for nano-scale sensing.
Thermal conduction effects impacting morphology during synthesis of columnar nanostructured TiO2 thin films (2011)

The aerosol chemical vapor deposition (ACVD) process allows for the synthesis of nanostructured films with well tuned morphologies that can be controlled based on the desired functionality and application. A robust understanding of the process parameters that result in desired features of the film is elucidated. One dimensional TiO2 nanostructured columns that have superior properties for solar energy harvesting and conversion applications were deposited on tin doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates. The sintering of the deposited particles was a key factor in the growth of the 1D structure with desired crystal planes. By ensuring that the sintering rate is faster than the arrival rate of deposited particles; a 1D columnar structure could be obtained. The sintering rate was controlled by the temperature and depositing particle size. As the columns grew in length, the increased thermal conduction resistance resulted in a drop in temperature and subsequently a slowing of the sintering process in upper regions of the film. This led to growth of branched structures rather than continued growth in a preferred direction. The growth of the branched structure could be overcome by enhancing the sintering rate by increasing the substrate temperature or reducing the depositing particle size (by lowering the feed rate of the precursor). The phenomenon was also confirmed by using different deposition substrates, such as FTO and glass. Dye sensitized solar cell performance efficiencies with different column lengths of 2 and 7 µm were determined to be 1.8 and 2.7% respectively.
Impaired endothelial relaxation and enhanced endothelial contraction and microvascular ADMA in angiotensin II infused rats: effects of tempol (2010)

Since angiotensin II (Ang II) causes endothelial dysfunction, we investigated if it increased microvascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) or asymmetric dimethylarginine ADMA) and switches endothelial function from vasodilator to vasoconstrictor pathways. Acetylcholine‐induced endothelium dependent responses of mesenteric resistance arterioles (MRAs) were assessed in a myograph and vascular nitric oxide (NO) and ROS by fluorescent probes in groups (n=6) of male rats infused for 14 days with Ang II (200 ng/kg/min) or vehicle alone or with oral tempol (2mmol/L, a radical scavenger). Ang II infusion increased blood pressure and plasma malondialdehyde (0.3±0.1 vs 0.6 ±0.02, p&lt;0.01) and decreased endothelium derived relaxation (18±5 vs 54±6%, p&lt;0.01) and hyperpolarizing (19±3 vs 29±3%, p&lt;0.05) responses and NO activity (0.9±0.1 vs 1.6±0.2%, p&lt;0.01) yet enhanced endothelium dependent contraction response (23±5 vs 5±5%, p&lt;0.05) and ROS (0.82±0.05 vs 0.15±0.03 units; p&lt;0.01). Ang II decreased the expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase‐2 and increased ADMA in MRAs (450±50 vs 260±35 pmol/mg protein, p&lt;0.01) but not in plasma. Tempol prevented all these responses. In conclusion, Ang II infusion redirected endothelial responses from relaxation to contraction with a reduction in vascular NO and an increase in ROS and ADMA. These are dependent on ROS and could contribute to hypertension.
Supp Table 3 from Tumor Microenvironment–Derived R-spondins Enhance Antitumor Immunity to Suppress Tumor Growth and Sensitize for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;qPCR primers&lt;/p&gt;
Mid-Infrared Optical Frequency Combs based on Crystalline Microresonators (2011)

The mid-infrared spectral range (2 to 20 μm) is of particular importance for chemistry, biology and physics as many molecules exhibit strong ro-vibrational fingerprints. Frequency combs - broad spectral bandwidth coherent light sources consisting of equally spaced sharp lines - are creating new opportunities for advanced spectroscopy. Mid-infrared frequency comb sources have recently emerged but are still facing technological challenges, like achieving high power per comb line and tens of GHz line spacing as required for e.g. direct comb spectroscopy. Here we demonstrate a novel approach to create such a frequency comb via four-wave mixing in a continuous-wave pumped ultra-high Q crystalline microresonator made of magnesium fluoride. Careful choice of the resonator material and design made it possible to generate a broad comb of narrow lines in the mid-infrared: a vast cascade of about 100 lines spaced by 100 GHz spanning 200 nm (~10 THz) at λ=2.5 μm. With its distinguishing features of compactness, efficient conversion, large mode spacing and high power per comb line, this novel frequency comb source holds promise for new approaches to molecular spectroscopy even deeper in the mid-infrared.
ChemInform Abstract: Supercritical Fluid Processing: a New Route for Materials Synthesis (2010)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimation and Predictive Control of a Parallel Evaporator Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery System (2017)

This paper proposes a real-time capable augmented control scheme for a parallel evaporator organic Rankine cycle (ORC) waste heat recovery system for a heavy-duty diesel engine, which ensures efficient and safe ORC system operation. Assuming a time constant separation between the thermal and pressure dynamics, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is designed to regulate the mixed working fluid (WF) outlet temperature and the differential temperature between the two parallel evaporator outlets. Meanwhile, the evaporator pressure is regulated by an external PID control. The NMPC is designed using a reduced order, moving boundary control model of the heat exchanger system. In the NMPC formulation, state feedback is constructed from the estimated state via an unscented Kalman filter based on temperature measurements of the exhaust gas and WF at the evaporator outlet. The performance of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated in simulation over an experimentally validated, high fidelity, and physics-based ORC plant model during a transient constant speed and variable load engine drive cycle. The performance of the proposed control scheme (NMPC plus PID) is further validated via comparison with a conventional, multiple-loop PID controlling both the mixed evaporator outlet WF temperature, and the evaporator pressure. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme outperforms a multiple-loop PID control in terms of both safety and total recovered thermal energy by up to 12% and 9%, respectively.
The Relation between Genotype and Phenotype in Cystic Fibrosis — Analysis of the Most Common Mutation (ΔF508) (1990)

The variable clinical course in patients with cystic fibrosis can be attributed at least in part to specific genotypes at the locus of the cystic fibrosis gene.
Integration of the ZoneBOND™ temporary bonding material in backside processing for 3D applications (2012)

Among the many 3D technology options that are being explored today, the 3D-stacked IC approach has become a mature and economically viable technology and provides the highest density for 3D interconnects to date. A key step in this process is the bonding of the device wafer to a carrier wafer prior to wafer thinning, by using a temporary adhesive layer. While great progress has been made over the past 2 years with respect to the wafer-support system, some of these materials including thermoplastics, laser-degradable or chemically dissolvable materials can present some integration limitations, especially if low-melting-point solders or high-topography structures are present on the backside of the wafers. The approach pursued by imec was for the first time demonstrated on full CMOS wafers using the BSI HT-10.10 thermoplastic material in a 300mm production line, and this work furthers the previous development by successfully demonstrating the integration of the room temperature peelable ZoneBOND temporary bonding material from Brewer Science as a one-to-one alternative to the BSI HT-10.10 material.