gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-Assisted Milling of Silicon Nitride Ceramics and Inconel 718 (2008)

Laser-assisted machining (LAM) has shown its potential to significantly reduce fabrication costs and improve product quality for advanced materials. While extensive studies have been conducted on laser-assisted turning of various ceramics and high temperature alloys, few attempts have been made to extend LAM to milling operations. In this paper, a transient, three-dimensional thermal model developed for laser-assisted milling (LAML) is presented and its accuracy is verified by surface temperature measurements with an infrared camera. LAML experiments designed by the model are successfully conducted on silicon nitride ceramics using TiAlN coated carbide end mills and Inconel 718 using SiC reinforced alumina cutting tools. The promising experimental results, including good surface roughness and acceptable tool wear, show the validation of applying the thermal model to design LAML processes and the feasibility of employing LAML for difficult-to-machine materials such as advanced ceramics and superalloys.
Compilation of all known protein changes in the human Alzheimer’s disease brain (2023)

Abstract Proteomic studies of human Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue have exceptional potential to identify protein changes that drive disease and to identify new drug targets. Here, we detail a combined analysis of 38 published Alzheimer’s disease proteomic studies, generating a comprehensive map of protein changes in human brain tissue across thirteen brain regions, three disease stages (preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, advanced Alzheimer’s disease), and proteins enriched in amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Our dataset is compiled into a user-friendly, searchable database called NeuroPro. Our combined analysis included 18,119 reported protein differences in human Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue, which mapped to 5,311 total altered proteins. Proteomic studies were remarkably consistent. 848 proteins were consistently altered in ≥5 studies, many of which are understudied in the Alzheimer’s field. Comparison of protein changes in early-stage and advanced Alzheimer’s disease revealed significant synapse, vesicle, and lysosomal changes early in disease, but widespread mitochondrial changes only in advanced Alzheimer’s disease. Comparison of vulnerable and resistant brain regions suggested that protein changes in resistant regions in advanced Alzheimer’s disease are similar to those in vulnerable regions in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease, indicating a temporal progression of protein dysfunction during Alzheimer’s disease advancement. We conclude that NeuroPro is a powerful new resource that provides new insights into human Alzheimer’s disease brain protein changes and highlights novel proteins of particular interest that may mechanistically drive Alzheimer’s disease.
Cell Cycle Regulation in the G1 Phase: A Promising Target for the Development of New Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Agents (2001)

As a result of substantial advances in recent cancer biology, cell cycle regulation in the G1 phase has attracted a great deal of attention as a promising target for the research and treatment of cancer. Many of the important genes associated with G1 regulation have been shown to play a key role in proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic transformation and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Currently, a variety of "cytostatic" agents that affects G1 progression and/or G1/S transition are being evaluated in clinical trials. Flavopiridol is a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). UCN-01 was originally found to be a PKC-selective protein kinase antagonist. More recent studies have revealed that this agent can also inhibit several CDKs and the checkpoint kinase CHK1. FR901228, MS-27-275 and SAHA are histone deacetylase inhibitors that induce changes in the transcription of specific genes via the hyperacetylation of histones. The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 disrupts the degradation process of intracellular proteins, including cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclins. R115777, SCH66336 and BMS-214662 are non-peptidic farnesyl transferase inhibitors that prevent p21 ras oncogene activation. Rapamycin derivative CCI-779 downregulates signals through S6 kinase and FRAP (FKBP-rapamycin associating protein), affecting the expression levels of mRNAs important for progression from G1 to S phase. 17-Allylaminogeldanamycin targets the Hsp-90 (heat shock protein-90) family of cellular chaperones regulating the function of signaling proteins. TNP-470 (AGM-1470), a fumagillin derivative shows antiangiogenic action through binding to MetAP-2 (methionine aminopeptidase-2). The antitumor sulfonamide E7070, causing a cellular accumulation in the G1 phase, has been shown to suppress the activation of CDK2 and cyclin E expression in HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line highly sensitive to the drug. With respect to several growth factor receptors such as EGFR, PDGFR, bFGFR and VEGFR, potent and specific inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases have been also examined as hopeful drug candidates. In this report, we review the current status of extensive efforts directed towards the discovery and development of new chemotherapeutic anticancer agents targeting cell cycle regulation in the G1 phase, with particular focus on the compounds undergoing clinical investigations.
Description of a vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure radio channel measurements at 5.2 GHz (2008)

This paper presents a description of an extensive vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure channel measurement campaign conducted in the year 2007, in lund, Sweden. We focused on 4 X 4 Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) measurements at a center frequency of 5.2 GHz with high Doppler resolution. One vehicle-to-vehicle measurement data set where the two vehicles are traveling in opposite directions on a highway is available for download from ftw.’s homepage http://measurements.ftw.at/. A description of how to get access and a detailed structure of these data is presented in this paper.
A proof engine approach to solving combinational design automation problems (2002)

There are many approaches available for solving combinational design automation problems encoded as tautology or satisfiability checks. Unfortunately there exists no single analysis that gives adequate performance for all problems of interest, and it is therefore critical to be able to combine approaches.In this paper, we present a proof engine framework where individual analyses are viewed as strategies---functions between different proof states. By defining our proof engine in such a way that we can compose strategies to form new, more powerful, strategies we achieve synergistic effects between the individual methods. The resulting framework has enabled us to develop a small set of powerful composite default strategies.We describe several strategies and their interplay; one of the strategies, variable instantiation, is new. The strength of our approach is demonstrated with experimental results showing that our default strategies can achieve up to several magnitudes of speed-up compared to BDD-based techniques and search-based satisfiability solvers such as ZChaff.
Multilingual corpus-based extraction and the Very Large Lexicon (2002)

Over the past decade, the World Wide Web has been providing access to ever-increasing multilingual corpora. At the same time, computational linguists have been creating a wide range of linguistically motivated text abstraction techniques. These two phenomena permit the creation of extremely large collections of abstracted exemplars of text. One application of such exemplars is knowing the most likely abstracted form an extracted item would take, and another is to predict what the best translation for a term should be in a different language. In this article we describe the linguistic abstractions that a text can undergo, show how these abstractions can be stored in a Very Large Lexicon, and show one use of such a lexicon for multilingual term translation.
Material Binding Peptides for Nanotechnology (2011)

Remarkable progress has been made to date in the discovery of material binding peptides and their utilization in nanotechnology, which has brought new challenges and opportunities. Nowadays phage display is a versatile tool, important for the selection of ligands for proteins and peptides. This combinatorial approach has also been adapted over the past decade to select material-specific peptides. Screening and selection of such phage displayed material binding peptides has attracted great interest, in particular because of their use in nanotechnology. Phage display selected peptides are either synthesized independently or expressed on phage coat protein. Selected phage particles are subsequently utilized in the synthesis of nanoparticles, in the assembly of nanostructures on inorganic surfaces, and oriented protein immobilization as fusion partners of proteins. In this paper, we present an overview on the research conducted on this area. In this review we not only focus on the selection process, but also on molecular binding characterization and utilization of peptides as molecular linkers, molecular assemblers and material synthesizers.
Evaluation of selective media for the isolation of Brachyspira aalborgi from human faeces (2003)

The purposes of this study were to identify a solid medium that supports improved growth of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira aalborgi, to modify this for use as a selective isolation medium and then to test the medium for its effectiveness in isolating B. aalborgi from patients' faeces. Of the media evaluated, brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) with 10 % bovine blood (BB) was the most effective base-supplement combination for growth, with colonies attaining 1.2 mm in diameter by 21 days. Incubation in an anaerobic jar (94 % H(2), 6 % CO(2)) permitted growth of larger colonies than incubation in an anaerobic chamber (80 % N(2), 10 % H(2), 10 % CO(2)). Growth was improved only slightly at 38.5 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C. Selection of B. aalborgi from artificially seeded faeces was achieved equally well on eight different solid media containing spectinomycin (400 micro g ml(-1)) alone or in combinations with polymyxin B (5 micro g ml(-1)), colistin (25 micro g ml(-1)) and rifampicin (12.5 micro g ml(-1)). By using BHIA 10 % BB with spectinomycin plus polymyxin B, B. aalborgi was isolated from one of five human faecal samples that were positive for B. aalborgi by PCR amplification. This is the first report of the isolation of B. aalborgi from human faeces.
Ionic Liquids as Media for Nucleophilic Fluorination. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quantitative assessment of hematopoietic chimerism after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has predictive value for the occurrence of irreversible graft failure and graft-vs.-host disease. (1998)

Primary graft failure, secondary to either host-vs.-graft reaction or delayed engraftment, and graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) are among the most difficult clinical problems to manage in the field of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Early diagnosis of both conditions would greatly improve their outcome. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an X- and Y-probe mixture, we sequentially monitored chimerism of neutrophils and lymphoid cells from day 1 to 100 in 28 consecutive recipients of sex-mismatched unmanipulated bone marrow grafts. The objective was to quantitatively assess the evolution of chimerism during this crucial time interval and to determine whether chimerism patterns would be predictive of engraftment and GVHD. In recipients with primary graft failure (n=7), the presence of donor-type neutrophils and NK cells as well as the predominance of donor-type T cells distinguished patients who responded to G-CSF (n=5) from nonresponders (n=2). Furthermore, the clearance of host CD3+CD56- cells during days 5-10 posttransplantation was significantly hastened in patients who subsequently developed acute (delta=80%) or chronic (delta=81%) GVHD compared with patients without GVHD (delta=17%). Thus, our data suggest that molecular monitoring of the fate of host/donor hematopoietic cells in the early posttransplantation period could be useful in differentiating patients with delayed engraftment from those with irreversible rejection and in predicting the occurrence of GVHD as soon as day 10. This investigational approach may provide an appropriate basis on which to select adequate treatment for primary graft failure and high-risk candidates that could benefit from novel preemptive therapies for GVHD.
Long-term cultured CD40-activated B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells in response to IL-10 but not IL-4 (1995)

We compared the effects of IL-10 and IL-4 on the functions of B lymphocytes triggered through their CD40. During the initial phase, IL-10 was as potent as IL-4 in inducing the expansion of viable B cells. Then, cellular expansion slowed down and after approximately 3 weeks the number of B cells started to decline. While the combination of IL-10 and IL-4 was synergistic during the first 2 weeks of culture, B cell recovery declined after 3 weeks, indicating that IL-10 prevails over IL-4. Those effects were not restricted to a specific B cell subset as both sIgD+ B cells and sIgD- B cells behaved in a similar way, though the latter population responded with a slightly accelerated kinetic. Inverted microscope examination and scanning electron microscopy showed that in response to IL-10, CD40-activated B cell cultures were heterogeneous with loose aggregates of cells as well as free floating large ovoid cells. In contrast, in the presence of IL-4, CD40-activated B cell cultures were essentially composed of tight cell clumps. IL-10 progressively induced all B cells to differentiate into non-replicating cells with intracytoplasmic Ig that secreted Ig at a high rate. Cytologic analysis indicated that IL-10 cultured cells display a basophilic cytoplasm with an arcoplasm and a low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that when IL-10 was added to the culture, B cells displayed structures for excretion with extended endoplasmic reticulum and dilated cisternae containing paracrystalline structures, typical of plasmablasts cells. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-10 acts as a plasma cell differentiation factor for CD40-activated B cells.
Fungal Infections After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2015)

Fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. These infections present considerable challenges to clinicians, although recent studies suggest relative improvements in outcomes associated with new diagnostic technologies and antifungal therapies. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic approaches for invasive fungal infections in HCT recipients, with more detailed discussion on the most common pathogens, Candida and Aspergillus species.
Elevated activity of superoxide dismutase in male late-life schizophrenia and its correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits (2021)

Our findings suggest that patients with LLS display disturbances in the antioxidant system, which may underlie the pathological process of cognitive impairments and negative symptoms in the late stage of schizophrenia. Supplementing with antioxidants could be a potential treatment.
Correction for Jeong et al., “ In Vitro Profiling of Laninamivir-Resistant Substitutions in N3 to N9 Avian Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Subtypes and Their Association with In Vivo Susceptibility” (2021)

Volume 95, no. 1, e01679-20, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01679-20. This article is a comprehensive susceptibility study of substitutions in avian influenza viruses (AIVs) to aid in understanding the mechanism of antiviral resistance. We recently uncovered information that is lacking in our report on influenza neuraminidase drug-resistant substitution profiling.
Identification of Novel Histamine H4 Ligands by Virtual Screening on Molecular Dynamics Ensembles (2014)

We report the identification of novel histamine H4 receptor ligands by ensemble docking on homology model conformers derived from molecular dynamics simulations. Selected receptor models from the trajectories demonstrated superior virtual screening performance compared to the initial models. The ensemble of the best models was able to retrieve a diverse set of known H4 ligands. Prospective virtual screening against these models and subsequent in vitro experimental validation identified novel H4 ligands. Compound 3 showing highest affinity and ligand efficiency represents an interesting scaffold for further medicinal chemistry exploration.
Bacterial sulfur reduction in hot vents (1994)

Elemental sulfur can be reduced through different microbial processes, including catabolically significant sulfur respiration and reduction of sulfur in the course of fermentation. Both of these processes are found in thermophilic microorganisms inhabiting continental and submarine hot vents, where elemental sulfur is one of the most common sulfur species. Among extreme thermophiles, respresented mainly by Archaea, sulfur-respiring bacteria include hydrogen-utilizing lithoautotrophs and heterotrophs, oxidizing complex organic substrates. Some marine heterotrophic sulfur-reducing Archaea were found to ferment peptides and polysaccharides, using elemental sulfur as an electron sink and thus avoiding the formation of molecular hydrogen which is highly inhibiting. Moderately thermophilic communities contain eubacterial sulfur reducers capable of lithotrophic and heterotrophic growth. Total mineralization of organic matter is carried out by a complex microbial system consisting of fermentative heterotrophs, which use elemental sulfur as an electron sink, and sulfur-respiring bacteria of the genus Desulfurella, which oxidize other fermentation products, yielding only CO2 and H2S. The most remarkable thermophilic microbial community is the thermophilic cyanobacterial mat found in the Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, which contains elemental sulfur among the layers. Organic matter produced by the thermophilic Oscillatoria is completely and rapidly mineralized by means of sulfur reduction.
Influence of lattice constraint from InN and GaN substrate on relationship between input mole ratio and solid composition of InGaN during MOVPE (2003)

Thermodynamic analyses incorporating the contribution of lattice constraint from the substrates were carried out to understand the relationship between input In mole ratio and solid composition of stress-free InGaN, InGaN on GaN and InGaN on InN during metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. The calculated results suggest that a compositionally unstable region is found at the InN-rich region for InGaN on GaN at high temperatures, while that for InGaN on InN can be seen at the GaN-rich region due to the lattice constraint from the substrate. These results imply that incorporating the contribution of lattice constraint is indispensable to predict the thermodynamic properties of such materials.
A nonstationary point-process maintenance-model for multi-unit systems (1998)

Surveys of preventive maintenance (PM) models for stochastically deteriorating/improving nonrepairable systems have been extensively studied. As yet, this same kind of survey for nonstationary repairable systems has not been performed. This paper discusses a maintenance model for a multi-unit nonstationary repairable system with its components failure pattern modeled as nonstationary stochastic point processes under economic and availability dependency criteria. The methodology is presented and tested with a numerical example. The results obtained show the existence of optimal maintenance actions in which both costs and benefits (availability) can be quantified and where an optimum balance between both is obtained.
On the Capacity of Sampled Interference-Limited Communications Channels (2019)

Interference-limited communications plays an important role in future digital communication architectures. In such scenarios, the received signal is corrupted by an interfering communications signal, which is typically modeled as a cyclostationary process in continuous-time. To facilitate digital processing, the receiver typically samples the received signal synchronously with the symbol rate of the information signal. The sampled received signal thus contains an interference component which is either cyclostationary or almost cyclostationary in discrete-time (DT), depending on whether the symbol rate of the interference is synchronized with the sampling rate, or it is not. In this work we characterize the capacity of DT interference-limited communications channels, in which the interference is modeled as an additive sampled cyclostationary Gaussian noise. For the case of synchronous sampling, capacity can be obtained in closed form as a direct application of our previous work. When sampling is asynchronous, the resulting channel is not information stable, thus classic information-theoretic tools are not applicable. Using information spectrum methods, we prove that capacity can be obtained as the limit of a sequence of capacities of DT channels with additive cyclostationary noise. Our results facilitate the characterization of the impact of variations in the sampling rate and sampling time offset on the capacity of the resulting DT channel. In particular, it is demonstrated that minor variations in the sampling period can have a notable effect on capacity.
2,3-Di-C-methyl-D-allono-1,4-lactone (2007)

The relative configuration of the title compound, C8H14O6, was firmly established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of 2-C-methyl-d-ribono-1,4-lactone as the starting material. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with each mol­ecule acting as a donor and an acceptor for five hydrogen bonds.
Shape Similarities of Ultra‐Low Interfacial Tension Curves in Ternary Microemulsion Systems of the Water‐Alkane‐CiEj Type (1996)

Abstract The interfacial tensions between water‐ and oil‐rich phases in microemulsion systems have been measured for a series of ternary water‐alkane‐C i E j systems. It is found that interfacial tensions vary over orders of magnitude with temperature displaying a pronounced minimum for each surfactant. The center of the three‐phase temperature interval, T u ‐ T 1 , i.e. the phase inversion temperature (PIT), corresponds to the temperature T m of the minimum in interfacial tension. Increasing the surfactant chain length the minimum value decreases by 3 orders of magnitude for a change of i from 6 to 12. Interestingly, all interfacial tension curves have a similar shape. Centering the curves around T m and reducing the temperature scale by T u ‐ T 1 permits determining the factors, by which the individual interfacial tension curves differ. The factors are found to be proportional, respectively, to square of the maximum length scale ζ or the inverse surfactant volume fraction Φ c,i in the interface. Accordingly, plotting σ ab /Φ c, j 2 vs. 2( T ‐ T m )/( T u ‐ T 1 ) an almost perfect superposition of all interfacial tension curves is observed.