gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Backstepping Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor Position Servo Drive with Recurrent Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network (2023)

An intelligent servo drive system for a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMASynRM) that can adapt to the control requirements considering the motor’s nonlinear and time-varying natures is developed in this study. A recurrent wavelet fuzzy neural network (RWFNN) with intelligent backstepping control is proposed to achieve this. In this study, first, a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) controlled PMASynRM servo drive is introduced. A lookup table (LUT) is created, which is based on finite element analysis (FEA) results by using ANSYS Maxwell-2D dynamic model to determine the current angle command of the MTPA. Next, a backstepping control (BSC) system is created to accurately follow the desired position in the PMASynRM servo drive system while maintaining robust control characteristics. However, designing an efficient BSC for practical applications becomes challenging due to the lack of prior uncertainty information. To overcome this challenge, this study introduces an RWFNN as an approximation for the BSC, aiming to alleviate the limitations of the traditional BSC approach. An enhanced adaptive compensator is also incorporated into the RWFNN to handle potential approximation errors effectively. In addition, to ensure the stability of the RWFNN, the Lyapunov stability method is employed to develop online learning algorithms for the RWFNN and to guarantee its asymptotic stability. The proposed intelligent backstepping control with recurrent wavelet fuzzy neural network (IBSCRWFNN) demonstrates remarkable effectiveness and robustness in controlling the PMASynRM servo drive, as evidenced by the experimental results.
Improved technique for analysis of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumors by fluorescence in situ hybridization (1994)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and specific DNA probes for peri-centromeric repeat regions and unique sequence loci have made it possible to study chromosomal aberrations from interphase tumor nuclei. Large-scale retrospective studies on the prognostic value of interphase cytogenetics would become feasible if these techniques were readily applicable to nuclei from archival formalin-fixed tumor tissues. We describe here an improved technique for interphase FISH analysis of tumors that have been extensively fixed in formalin. The protocol aims at improving probe penetration and hybridization efficiency by inducing chromatin decondensation and swelling of the nuclei with a heat treatment in a 90 degrees C glycerol solution prior to hybridization. Using this cell pretreatment, FISH results on the detection of chromosome copy number aberrations and amplification of the c-erbB-2 oncogene from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were highly concordant with those from fresh tissues. In contrast to previously described methods, separate adjustments of denaturation or proteinase K digestion are not required for each sample. This method facilitates retrospective analyses of large series of tumors and is also useful for applying FISH to routine diagnostic purposes using formalin-fixed material.
Rational modeling of spectral data using orthonormal vector fitting (2005)

Vector fitting (VF) is an iterative rational macromodeling technique by B. Gustavsen and A. Semlyen (1999) that became quite popular over the last years, due to its simplicity and availability. Although the VF method provides accurate broadband macromodels, the numerical stability of the algorithm is not always optimal. In this paper, the orthonormal vector fitting (OVF) algorithm is introduced, which reduces the numerical sensitivity of the model parameterization to the choice of starting poles significantly, and limits the number of required iterations.
Vibration control for machining using H/sub ∞/ techniques (2002)

A robust control design is developed to minimize a system's response to unknown disturbances. The method consists of on-line identification of the system's state space equations coupled with an H/sub /spl infin//-optimal controller design. The H/sub /spl infin// controller is designed such that the maximum of the system's closed-loop transfer function is less than /spl gamma/, where /spl gamma/ is a positive design variable chosen as the upper bound on the H/sub /spl infin// norm of the closed-loop system. This robust controller is used to eliminate vibrations in cutting operations of a boring bar with an active dynamic absorber, a boring bar is a metal cutting tool with a large overhang (length-to-diameter ratio). Due to this large overhang, a typical boring bar is characterized by a low dynamic stiffness and is therefore susceptible to excessive vibrations during the cutting process. These vibrations often lead to cutting instability, known as machine tool chatter. In this paper, the control of vibrations of a boring bar with an active dynamic absorber is studied. The robustness of the H/sub /spl infin//-optimal controller is demonstrated by varying the system's dynamic characteristics (i.e, changing the length-to-diameter ratio of the boring bar) without adjusting the calculated control parameters. The results obtained for the H/sub /spl infin// case are compared to similar results for linear quadratic regulator control design.
Polymeric Nanoparticles with Neglectable Protein Corona (2020)

The current understanding of nanoparticle-protein interactions indicates that they rapidly adsorb proteins upon introduction into a living organism. The formed protein corona determines thereafter identity and fate of nanoparticles in the body. The present study evaluates the protein affinity of three core-crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles with long circulation times, differing in the hydrophilic polymer material forming the particle surface, namely poly(N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (pHPMA), polysarcosine (pSar), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). This includes the nanotherapeutic CPC634, which is currently in clinical phase II evaluation. To investigate possible protein corona formation, the nanoparticles are incubated in human blood plasma and separated by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). Notably, light scattering shows no detectable differences in particle size or polydispersity upon incubation with plasma for all nanoparticles, while in gel electrophoresis, minor amounts of proteins can be detected in the particle fraction. Label-free quantitative proteomics is additionally applied to analyze and quantify the composition of the proteins. It proves that some proteins are enriched, but their concentration is significantly less than one protein per particle. Thus, most of the nanoparticles are not associated with any proteins. Therefore, this work underlines that polymeric nanoparticles can be synthesized, for which a protein corona formation does not take place.
Circadian transcription factor BMAL1 regulates innate immunity against select RNA viruses (2016)

BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1, also known as MOP3 or ARNT3) belongs to the family of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS domain-containing transcription factors, and is a key component of the molecular oscillator that generates circadian rhythms. Here, we report that BMAL1-deficient cells are significantly more susceptible to infection by two major respiratory viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family, namely RSV and PIV3. Embryonic fibroblasts from Bmal1<sup>-/-</sup> mice produced nearly 10-fold more progeny virus than their wild type controls. These results were supported by animal studies whereby pulmonary infection of RSV produced a more severe disease and morbidity in Bmal1<sup>-/-</sup>mice. These results show that BMAL1 can regulate cellular innate immunity against specific RNA viruses.
Low-frequency fluctuations of the Ohmically heated plasma in the Proto-Cleo torsatron (1980)

Low-frequency (f<500 kHz), turbulent density fluctuations have been observed in the Ohmically heated plasma of the Proto-Cleo torsatron. The power density spectrum indicates a spectral decay of the form f−2.5 with no coherent modes present in the observed band. Phase spectral characteristics indicate wave number estimates which vary in magnitude and direction consistent with drift-wave phenomena. Parallel wave numbers are coupled proportionally to the shear.
Somatostatin Is an Agonist and Noncompetitive Antagonist of Gastrin in Oxyntic Cell Function* (1981)

Somatostatin inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo by effects on oxyntic cells which may be indirect. Using quantitative cytochemistry, we have investigated the actions of somatostatin on guinea pig oxyntic cell carbonic anhydrase activity, an index of acid secretion. Cyclic tetradecapeptide somatostatin, in the range of 2.9 X 10(-15) to 2.9 X 10(-10) M, stimulated oxyntic cell carbonic anhydrase activity in sections of guinea pig gastric fundus with a linear dose-response between 2.9 X 10(-14) and 2.9 x 10(-11) M. The maximal response to somatostatin was 50% of that to gastrin. Gastrin stimulated oxyntic cell carbonic anhydrase in the dose range of 2.3 X 10(-15) to 2.3 X 10(-11) M. The addition of 2.9 x 10(-13) M somatostatin caused an inhibition of 38-75% of the carbonic anhydrase activity stimulated by various concentrations of gastrin. The addition of 2.3 X 10(-13) M gastrin (which caused 79% of maximal carbonic anhydrase activation), to each dose of somatostatin from 2.9 X 10(-15) to 2.9 X 10(-10) M did not alter the action of somatostatin, and the action of gastrin was reduced to that observed with somatostatin alone. The data indicate noncompetitive inhibition between somatostatin and gastrin. Thus, somatostatin is an intrinsic, albeit weak, stimulator of gastric oxyntic cell carbonic anhydrase activity, and despite this, is a noncompetitive antagonist of the action of gastrin. Gastrin is an agonist and noncompetitive antagonist of the action of somatostatin.
Using Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Surface Technology to Mitigate Analyte Interactions with Metal Surfaces in UHPLC (2021)

Interactions of analytes with metal surfaces in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instruments and columns have been reported to cause deleterious effects ranging from peak tailing to a complete loss of the analyte signal. These effects are due to the adsorption of certain analytes on the metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal components. We have developed a novel surface modification technology and applied it to the metal components in ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) instruments and columns to mitigate these interactions. A hybrid organic-inorganic surface, based on an ethylene-bridged siloxane chemistry, was developed for use with reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. We have characterized the performance of UHPLC instruments and columns that incorporate this surface technology and compared the results with those obtained using their conventional counterparts. We demonstrate improved performance when using the hybrid surface technology for separations of nucleotides, a phosphopeptide, and an oligonucleotide. The hybrid surface technology was found to result in higher and more consistent analyte peak areas and improved peak shape, particularly when using low analyte mass loads and acidic mobile phases. Reduced abundances of iron adducts in the mass spectrum of a peptide were also observed when using UHPLC systems and columns that incorporate hybrid surface technology. These results suggest that this technology will be particularly beneficial in UHPLC/mass spectrometry investigations of metal-sensitive analytes.
Maturity assessment of 300-mm etch equipment (2000)

Oxide and dielectric etch, polysilicon etch, and metal etch, in situ strip and stand-alone ash processes for 300mm wafers were developed on a tool ste in SEMICONDUCTOR300 and tested for robustness using a 0.25(mu) 64Mb DRAM device. The process recipes were developed from reference scaled-up recipes. The oxide and dielectric etch tools used magnetically-enhanced reactive ion etching. They polysilicon etch tool chambers were high density plasma configurations. The metal etch tools used high-density plasma chambers and have an in-line resist strip module to prevent corrosion. Stand-alone ash tools were used for all other photoresist strip processes. For each application, at least two 300mm tools from different suppliers were tested. This paper discusses process and tool interactions affecting operational robustness and stability. Process and hardware evaluations were also done during extensibility testing using smaller linewidth features.
Phloroglucinol Attenuates DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium ARPE-19 Cells by Blocking the Production of Mitochondrial ROS (2022)

Phloroglucinol, a phenolic compound, is known to possess a potent antioxidant ability. However, its role in retinal cells susceptible to oxidative stress has not been well elucidated yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether phloroglucinol could protect against oxidative damage in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells. For this purpose, ARPE-19 cells were stimula ted with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) to mimic oxidative stress. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial function, DNA damage, and autophagy were then assessed. Our results revealed that phloroglucinol ameliorated cell viability, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-exposued ARPE-19 cells and blocked production of ROS. Phloroglucinol also counteracted H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, blocking activation of caspase-3, and inhibiting degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> caused mitochondrial impairment and increased expression levels of mitophagy markers such as PINK1and PARKIN known to be associated with mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation and cytosolic release of cytochrome <i>c</i>. However, these changes were significantly attenuated by phloroglucinol. Mito-TEMPO, a selective mitochondrial antioxidant, further enhanced the protective effect of phloroglucinol against dysfunctional mitochondria. Furthermore, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced autophagy, but not when ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with phloroglucinol, meaning that autophagy by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> contributed to the pro-survival mechanism and that phloroglucinol protected ARPE-19 cells from apoptosis by blocking autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that phloroglucinol can inhibit oxidative stress-induced ARPE-19 cell damage and dysfunction by protecting DNA damage, autophagy, and subsequent apoptosis through mitigation of mtROS generation. Thus, phloroglucinol might have therapeutic potential to prevent oxidative stress-mediated damage in RPE cells.
Polymorphisms in the transcription factor NRF2 and forearm vasodilator responses in humans (2012)

Polymorphisms within the NFE2L2 promoter were associated with impaired forearm vasodilator responses in an endothelial-independent manner, suggesting an important role of NRF2 in the regulation of vascular function in humans.
Dual-Chamber Versus Single-Chamber Detection Enhancements for Implantable Defibrillator Rhythm Diagnosis (2006)

Dual-chamber ICDs, programmed to optimize detection enhancements and to minimize ventricular pacing, significantly decrease inappropriate detection.
Medium-duration modulation cepstral feature for robust speech recognition (2014)

Studies have shown that the performance of state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems significantly deteriorate with increased noise levels and channel degradations, when compared to human speech recognition capability. Traditionally, noise-robust acoustic features are deployed to improve speech recognition performance under varying background conditions to compensate for the performance degradations. In this paper, we present the Modulation of Medium Duration Speech Amplitude (MMeDuSA) feature, which is a composite feature capturing subband speech modulations and a summary modulation. We analyze MMeDuSA's speech recognition performance using SRI International's DECIPHER <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system, on noise and channel degraded Levantine Arabic speech distributed through the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Robust Automatic Speech Transcription (RATS) program. We also analyzed MMeDuSA's performance against the Aurora-4 noise-and-channel degraded English corpus. Our results from all these experiments suggest that the proposed MMeDuSA feature improved recognition performance under both noisy and channel degraded conditions in almost all the recognition tasks.
Prolongation of Epidural Anesthesia Using a Lipid Drug Carrier With Procaine, Lidocaine, and Tetracaine (1992)

This study evaluated the effect of a lipid drug carrier (iophendylate) on epidural anesthesia. The intensity and duration of motor blockade produced by aqueous and lipid preparations of local anesthetics were assessed in rabbits with long-term indwelling catheters in the epidural space. Motor blockades produced by procaine (1%, 2%, and 4%), lidocaine (1%, 2%, and 4%), and tetracaine (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) in normal saline solution were compared with the effects produced by equimolar amounts of the drug solutions in iophendylate. Procaine (4%) in aqueous solution produced motor blockade lasting 30 +/- 3.54 min (mean +/- SD) versus 84 +/- 4.18 min in lipid solution. Lidocaine (2% and 4%) in aqueous solution produced motor blockade lasting 41 +/- 4.18 and 65 +/- 6.12 min versus 39 +/- 4.18 and 118 +/- 10.1 min, respectively, in lipid solution. Aqueous tetracaine (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) produced motor blockade of 106 +/- 9.62, 189 +/- 6.52, and 273 +/- 26.8 min versus 284 +/- 14.7, 335 +/- 15.8, and 365 +/- 26.9 min, respectively, in their lipid counterparts. A control group of animals that received normal saline solution or iophendylate alone did not exhibit motor blockade. These results may be attributed to sustained release of local anesthetics from the lipid vehicle. Hence, lipid drug carriers may be effective in prolonging epidural anesthesia.
Characterizing antireflection coatings on textured monocrystalline silicon with Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2009)

Mono-crystalline silicon is chemically textured and coated with a silicon nitride surface anti-reflection (AR) film to improve light trapping and device efficiency in photovoltaic applications. The thickness and optical properties of the AR coating determine the effective suppression of reflected light. However, optical characterization of films on chemically textured surfaces is challenging due to the low reflectance. We present new measurement geometries and modeling methodology using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) to determine film thickness and optical properties of thin AR coatings on textured mono-crystalline silicon. Special measurement geometries are used to collect specular reflected light from the etched silicon pyramid facets. Both apexial and lateral measurement geometries are demonstrated, where the latter requires a special sample stage to tilt and rotate the sample to detect the specular reflected light from the pyramid facets. Measurement considerations are discussed including probe-beam incident angle, sample tilt and rotational angles. Effects of pyramid surface-coverage are also discussed in relation to the proposed measurement geometries. Previous modeling attempts using Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) theory showed inconsistent results when comparing apexial and lateral measurements of the same sample surface. In this work, results from a scattering-corrected modeling approach provide improved consistency for a series of SiNx coatings on textured monocrystalline silicon for both lateral and apexial measurement geometries.
Dental and Skeletal Stem Cells: Potential Cellular Therapeutics for Craniofacial Regeneration (2002)

The study of stem cells has received considerable attention since the discovery that adult stem cells have the capacity to form many different tissue types. Technical advances have helped identify potential stem cells, and their capacity for regenerating tissues is being studied in transplantation models. Further study of the isolation, nature, and differentiation potential of stem cells will likely have a positive impact on our understanding of human development and regenerative medicine. This review highlights the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells and discusses the potential use of these cells for cellular therapeutics for craniofacial regeneration.
Identification of classical anaphylatoxin as the des-Arg form of the C5a molecule: Evidence of a modulator role for the oligosaccharide unit in human des-Arg 74 -C5a (1981)

A functionally active and potentially lethal fragment of the fifth component of complement (C5) is generated during complement activation in serum from animals of various species. This factor, termed the "classical" anaphylatoxin, was isolated from porcine serum and was identified chemically as the des-Arg derivative of the well-characterized C5a molecule. Unlike the C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins, porcine C5a does not require the COOH-terminal arginyl residue for spasmogenic activity. Further degradation of porcine des-Arg(74)-C5a by carboxypeptidase Y removed glycine-73 and leucine-72 and decreased the intrinsic spasmogenic activity by >90%. Hence, we conclude that, although the arginyl residue is not essential, the COOH-terminal sequence Leu-Gly-Arg contributes structural information that accounts for >90% of C5a activity. Human des-Arg(74)-C5a, like its porcine counterpart, has instrinsic anaphylatoxin activity; however, higher concentrations were needed to contract the guinea pig ileal tissue (i.e., 1 muM for human des-Arg(74)-C5a versus 1 nM for porcine des-Arg(74)-C5a). Furthermore, the des-Arg form of human C5a was only 0.1% as active as porcine des-Arg(74)-C5a for enhancing vascular permeability in guinea pig skin. In addition to these biological differences, numerous chemical differences exist between the human and porcine des-Arg(74)-C5a molecules, the most prominent feature being an oligosaccharide entity associated uniquely with the human C5a. When the oligosaccharide unit of human des-Arg(74)-C5a was removed by glycosidases, leaving a single glucosamine residue attached to the side chain of asparagine-64, activity was enhanced. The human des-Arg(74)-C5a molecule devoid of the complex oligosaccharide unit exhibited 10-fold stronger spasmogenic activity and 20- to 50-fold greater permeability-enhancing activity than did human des-Arg(74)-C5a containing the oligosaccharide. Consequently, the oligosaccharide associated with human C5a modulates or suppresses potentially harmful activities of this anaphylatoxin. The relatively high levels of spasmogenic activity associated with porcine des-Arg(74)-C5a indicate that this factor is poorly controlled by endogenous serum carboxypeptidase, whereas human C5a is virtually inactivated by the enzyme. Hence, the influence of this oligosaccharide in suppressing human des-Arg(74)-C5a activity is of major physiologic importance in protecting man from potentially toxic effects of this complement factor.