gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mediating role of atherogenic lipoproteins in the relationship between liver fat and coronary artery calcification (2023)

Abstract Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteinsand increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). ApoB-containing lipoproteins include low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs); and since both LDLs and TRLs are causally related to CHD, they may mediate a portion of the increased risk of atherosclerosis seen in people with NAFLD. Methods: In a cohort of 4161 middle aged men and women, we performed mediation analysis in order to quantify the mediating effect of apoB-containing lipoproteins in the relationship between liver fat and atherosclerosis - as measured by coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Results: We found plasma apoB to mediate 17.6 % (95 % CI: 11-24) of the association between liver fat and CACS. Plasma triglycerides and TRL-cholesterol (both proximate measures of TRL particles) mediated 22.3 % (95 % CI: 11-34) and 21.6 % (95 % CI: 10-33) of the association respectively; whereas LDL-cholesterol mediated 5.4 % (95 % CI: 2.0-9.4). In multivariable models, the mediating effect of TRL-cholesterol and plasma triglycerides showed, again, a higher degree of mediation than LDL-cholesterol, corroborating the results seen in the univariable models. Conclusions: We find around 20 % of the association between liver fat and CACS to be mediated by apoB-containing lipoproteins. In addition, we find that TRLs mediate the majority of this effect whereas LDLs mediate a smaller effect. These results explain part of the observed CAD-risk burden for people with NAFLD and further suggest that TRL-lowering may be particularly beneficial to mitigate NAFLD-associated coronary artery disease risk.
Molecular Properties Obtained by Analysis of Electronic Spectra Containing Interference Dips. Comparisons of Analytical Equations and Exact Models Based on Coupled Potential Energy Surfaces (2003)

Interference dips in electronic absorption spectra caused by coupling between excited states are calculated and interpreted using three methods: an analytical expression, an integratable expression, and wave packet propagation. All of the analyses give similar results. The dips (distantly related to Fano's antiresonance) are caused by spin−orbit coupling between the states involved in spin-forbidden transitions with narrow bandwidths and the state involved in a spin-allowed transition with a large bandwidth caused by progressions in normal vibrational modes that are displaced between the excited and ground electronic states. The analytical expression involves the assumptions that only one vibrational eigenstate of the “forbidden” electronic state is involved and that the broad background is represented by a Lorentzian-type function. The integratable expression replaces the Lorentzian function by one that represents the band shape caused by a progression of unresolved vibronic peaks. The wave packet propagation method is exact for the model. Analytical expressions for multiple interfering states and integratable expressions for multiple electronic states and multiple vibrational modes are derived. The spectra of Ni(H2O)62+ and octahedral CrO69- units in ZrO2·33%Y2O3 doped with chromium(III) are analyzed. Physical meanings and mathematical origins of the interference dips are interpreted.
Maxwell fisheye and Eaton lenses emulated by a microdroplet (2010)

Despite strong experimental and theoretical evidence supporting superresolution imaging based on microlenses, imaging mechanisms involved are not well understood. Based on the transformation optics approach, we demonstrate that microlenses may act as two-dimensional fisheye or Eaton lenses. An asymmetric Eaton lens may exhibit considerable image magnification, which has been confirmed experimentally.
The Validation of an Annotations Approach to Peer Tutoring Through Simulation Incorporating the Modeling of Reputation (2011)

In this paper, we promote a model for peer-based intelligent tutoring that leverages the past learning experiences of students with a repository of learning objects. Consistent with McCalla’s ecological approach, we determine appropriate peers and appropriate learning objects to direct a new student's learning. In particular, we focus on allowing peers to provide annotations of learning objects. We revisit a procedure developed to select which annotations to present to students in order to improve their learning: one that combines a modeling of the reputation of the annotation (based on its approval or disapproval by previous students), the reputability of the annotator (based on the reputation of all annotations left by the student) and the similarity of the raters with the new student. Our focus is on developing effective validation of the procedure’s benefit, using an approach of simulated student learning. This is achieved by developing algorithms in greater detail and then making particular design decisions for the simulation in order to manage the reputability of the annotators and annotations in a way that enables the best learning objects to be employed for the tutoring. We are able to demonstrate the value of our proposed approach using distinct measures of rater similarity. We conclude with a comparison to related work and a view to future directions for the research. As a result, we present an approach for interpreting data from interactions with previous students in order to influence how to interact with current and future students, to enable effective learning.
Highly efficient multiplex editing: One-shot generation of 8x Nicotiana benthamiana and 12x Arabidopsis mutants (2020)

Summary Genome editing by RNA-guided nucleases, such as Sp Cas9, has been used in numerous different plant species. However, to what extent multiple independent loci can be targeted simultaneously by multiplexing has not been well-documented. Here, we developed a toolkit, based on a highly intron-optimized zCas9i gene, which allows assembly of nuclease constructs expressing up to 32 sgRNAs. We used this toolkit to explore the limits of multiplexing in two major model species, and report on isolation of transgene-free octuple Nicotiana benthamiana and duodecuple (12x) Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines in a single generation (T 1 and T 2 , respectively). We developed novel counter-selection markers for N. benthamiana , most importantly Sl -FAST2, comparable to the well-established Arabidopsis seed fluorescence marker, and FCY-UPP, based on production of toxic 5-fluorouracyl in presence of a precursor. Targeting eight genes with an array of nine different sgRNAs and relying on FCY-UPP for selection of non-transgenic T 1 , we identified N. benthamiana mutant lines with astonishingly high efficiencies: All analyzed plants carried mutations in all genes (~112/116 target sites edited). Furthermore, we targeted 12 genes by an array of 24 sgRNAs in A. thaliana . Efficiency was significantly lower in A. thaliana , and our results indicate Cas9 availability is the limiting factor in such higher order multiplexing applications. We identify a duodecuple mutant line by a combination of phenotypic screening and amplicon sequencing. The resources and results presented provide new perspectives for how multiplexing can be used to generate complex genotypes or to functionally interrogate groups of candidate genes.
Function and expression of endothelin receptor subtypes in the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats (1996)

Our data demonstrated a correlation between the overexpression of vascular ETA receptors and the pronounced upregulation of glomerular ETB receptors in the kidneys of SHR and their impact on the regulation of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure in these animals.
Aerosols containing Legionella : an approach to metrology and detection aspects (2004)

International audience
Treatment of Indinavir Sulfate Induced Urolithiasis in HIV-Positive Patients (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Nov 2004Treatment of Indinavir Sulfate Induced Urolithiasis in HIV-Positive Patients Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)60970-6AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Treatment of Indinavir Sulfate Induced Urolithiasis in HIV-Positive Patients." The Journal of Urology, 172(5), pp. 2102–2103 © 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 5November 2004Page: 2102-2103 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Structured Discriminative Models For Speech Recognition: An Overview (2012)

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems classify structured sequence data, where the label sequences (sentences) must be inferred from the observation sequences (the acoustic waveform). The sequential nature of the task is one of the reasons why generative classifiers, based on combining hidden Markov model (HMM) acoustic models and N-gram language models using Bayes rule, have become the dominant technology used in ASR. Conversely, machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) research areas are increasingly dominated by discriminative approaches, where the class posteriors are directly modeled. This article describes recent work in the area of structured discriminative models for ASR. To handle continuous, variable length observation sequences, the approaches applied to NLP tasks must be modified. This article discusses a variety of approaches for applying structured discriminative models to ASR, both from the current literature and possible future approaches. We concentrate on structured models themselves, the descriptive features of observations commonly used within the models, and various options for optimizing the parameters of the model.
Energy/area/delay trade-offs in the physical design of on-chip segmented bus architecture (2006)

The increasing gap between design productivity and chip complexity, and the emerging Systems-On-Chip (SOC) architectural template have led to the wide utilization of reusable Intellectual Property (IP) cores. The physical design implementation of the macro cells (IP blocks or pre-designed blocks) in general needs to find a well balanced solution among chip area, on-chip interconnect energy and critical path delay. We are especially interested in the entire trade-off curve among these three criteria at the floorplanning stage. We show this concept for a real communication scheme based on segmented bus, rather than just an extreme solution. A fast exploration design flow from the memory organization to the final layout is introduced to explore the design space.
Neglected filoviruses (2016)

Eight viruses are currently assigned to the family Filoviridae Marburg virus, Sudan virus and, in particular, Ebola virus have received the most attention both by researchers and the public from 1967 to 2013. During this period, natural human filovirus disease outbreaks occurred sporadically in Equatorial Africa and, despite high case-fatality rates, never included more than several dozen to a few hundred infections per outbreak. Research emphasis shifted almost exclusively to Ebola virus in 2014, when this virus was identified as the cause of an outbreak that has thus far involved more than 28 646 people and caused more than 11 323 deaths in Western Africa. Consequently, major efforts are currently underway to develop licensed medical countermeasures against Ebola virus infection. However, the ecology of and mechanisms behind Ebola virus emergence are as little understood as they are for all other filoviruses. Consequently, the possibility of the future occurrence of a large disease outbreak caused by other less characterized filoviruses (i.e. Bundibugyo virus, Lloviu virus, Ravn virus, Reston virus and Taï Forest virus) is impossible to rule out. Yet, for many of these viruses, not even rudimentary research tools are available, let alone medical countermeasures. This review summarizes the current knowledge on these less well-characterized filoviruses.
Remote Monitoring for Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis (2012)

Peritoneal dialysis affords patients the luxury of independence and with this an improved quality of life. However, patients on peritoneal dialysis still require monthly visits with the care team to assess the quality of therapy (volume and blood pressure control, solute clearance, attainment of metabolic goals, and others). Furthermore, a critical aspect of therapy is that the patient must actively monitor their therapy with daily recordings of weight, blood pressure, and fluid removal. Remote monitoring of the patient on peritoneal dialysis offers the benefits of real-time monitoring and recording of the therapy as well as an interactive interface with the care team that may allow both acute 'trouble shooting' for problems as well as a means to interact with the patient for their monthly evaluation. This remote monitoring allows assurance of patient safety through surveillance of critical portions of the treatment as well as the ability to monitor compliance with prescribed therapy and automated collection of treatment data. Recent advances in telemedicine, telemonitoring, remote network access and sensor technologies have made such remote monitoring of peritoneal dialysis therapy feasible.
Development of Type-II superlattice VLWIR detectors in JAXA (2017)

One of JAXA’s future missions, using an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), requires the focal plane array (FPA) that has high sensitivity up to the very long-wavelength infrared (VLWIR) region. Since a Type-II superlattice (T2SL) is the only known infrared material to exhibit performance that is theoretically predicted to be higher than that of HgCdTe additionally the cutoff wavelength can be tailored in the wavelength region of 3-30 &mu;m, we started the research and development of the T2SL detector in 2009. In order to confirm our final goal, which is to realize the FPA with a cutoff wavelength of 15 &mu;m, we first fabricated the 320 × 256 (QVGA format) InAs/GaInSb T2SL FPA with a cutoff wavelength of 15 &mu;m, and the large-format 640 × 512 (VGA format) T2SL FPA is followed because the other missions, using an infrared imager, require the large-format FPA. The noise-equivalent delta temperature measured with F1.4 optics was 0.15 K for QVGA format T2SL FPA at 77 K. It was 0.35 K for VGA format T2SL FPA at 77 K, but there is non-uniformity, and further improvements are necessary to achieve high performance FPAs.
<title>Dye-matrix interactions in sol-gel-derived hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites</title> (1997)

Several dyes such as a spiropyran, a spirooxazine and two tetraarylporphyrins have been incorporated inside hybrid organic-inorganic matrices synthesized through the acid hydrolysis of dimethyldiethoxysilane and zirconium n- propoxide. These matrices are nanocomposites with well defined hydrophilic (zirconium oxopolymer nodules) and hydrophobic (polydimethylsiloxane chains) domains. As a consequence, they are good candidates to investigate dye-matrix interactions in matrices containing transition metal. These interactions are shown to occur through hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds or Lewis acid-base type bonds. They strongly modify the optical response of the dyes (absorption-emission spectra, lifetime, kinetics...).© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An objective function utilizing complex sparsity for efficient segmentation in multi‐layer oscillatory networks (2010)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend an analysis presented in earlier work which investigated the dynamical behavior of a network of oscillatory units described by the amplitude of and phase of oscillations, and to present an objective function that can be successfully applied to multi‐layer networks. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an objective function is presented that can be successfully applied to multi‐layer networks. The behavior of the objective function is explained through its ability to achieve a sparse representation of the inputs in complex‐valued space. Findings It is found that if the activity of each network unit is represented by a phasor in the complex plane, then sparsity is achieved when there is maximal phase separation in the complex plane. Increasing the spread of feedback connections is shown to improve segmentation performance significantly but does not affect separation performance. This enables a quantitative approach to characterizing and understanding cortical function. Originality/value The formulation of the multi‐layer objective function and the interpretation of its behavior through sparsity in complex space are novel contributions of this paper.
CED for an Interface Crack. 2nd Report, A Study Based on Elastic Finite Element Analyses. (1992)

The fracture parameter of an interface crack has yet to be established even for an elastic crack. The CED (crack energy density) was proposed as a crack parameter which enables us to be free from the restrictions on the constitutive equation, and it has been shown that it is applicable, in a unified way, to various kinds of crack behavior in a homogeneous material. Therefore, the CED may also be applicable to an interface crack. In the previous paper, the fundamentals of the CED for an interface crack were studied theoretically. In this paper, the elastic finite element analyses of a bimaterial specimen with a center crack in the interface are carried out under tension, and it is shown that the CED and its mode I and mode II contributions can be evaluated from the corresponding domain integrals virtually independent of the radius of curvature ρ at the notch (crack) tip over the some range of ρ and, therefore, these quantities are promising as crack parameters of an interface crack. Moreover, the substantial mode I and mode II contributions of the energy release rate introduced in the previous paper are evaluated and the relationships of the mode I and mode II contributions of the CED to them are discussed.
Alternating contractility in pulsus alternans studied in the isolated canine heart. (1985)

We examined pulsus alternans in seven isolated, perfused canine left ventricles ejecting into a simulated arterial impedance. Left ventricular pressure-volume loops were measured during pulsus alternans while filing-source pressure was lowered. In all cases two distinct linear end-systolic pressure-volume relationships (ESPVRs) were noted for the strong and weak beats. The slopes of the ESPVRs of the strong beats were significantly greater than those of the weak beats (mean difference 0.9 +/- 0.6 mm Hg/ml, p less than .01), while the intercepts were not significantly different (mean difference 0.06 +/- 0.5 ml). Diastolic pressure-volume relationships for the strong and weak beats were not significantly different, excluding incomplete relaxation as a cause of pulsus alternans. Although the weak beats had both a smaller preceding end-diastolic volume and a larger end-systolic volume, the presence of two distinct ESPVRS for the strong and weak beats shows there is alternating ventricular chamber contractility in pulsus alternans that is not solely due to the Starling mechanism. The magnitude of alternation in pump function parameters such as pressure and stroke volume during pulsus alternans reflects the complex interactions of alternating contractile state with alternations in preload and afterload.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress Toward an Understanding of Taxol Biosynthesis in Plant Cell Cultures (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retroviral Mediated Transfer of the Human Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR-1) into Hematopoietic Stem Cells During Autologous Transplantation after Intensive Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (1994)

Patients with metastatic breast cancer will receive 4-5 cycles of induction chemotherapy on one of the ongoing Medicine Branch protocols. Patients achieving at least a partial response, and who do not have evidence of bone marrow involvement and who do not have metastatic bone disease, will undergo PBSC and bone marrow harvest when hematologic recovery has occurred. Patients who have not achieved a PR, but who are responding to therapy, may be treated with additional cycles of therapy in an attempt to achieve a PR. Such patients will be eligible for transplant if a PR is obtained. 70% of the bone marrow and PBSC will be cryopreserved. The CD34+ subpopulation from the remaining 30% of the bone marrow and PBSC harvest will be obtained using an anti-CD34+ antibody and immunoabsorption column. The bone marrow and peripheral blood CD34 cells will be transduced with a retroviral vector expressing the human MDR-1 cDNA. Patients with positive bone scans or histologic evidence of bone marrow involvement will be excluded from the gene transfer component of the protocol. The MDR-1 transduced CD34 cells will be reinfused along with the non-transduced bone marrow and PBSC into patients following high dose ICE chemotherapy. Serial peripheral blood and bone marrow samples will be obtained to study hematopoietic reconstitution with MDR-1 transduced cells. Patients with residual or progressive disease after ABMT will be treated with taxol or vinblastine. In these relapsed patients, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples will be obtained to study whether chemotherapy amplifies the proportion of hematopoietic cells containing the MDR-1 provirus. We will monitor the nadir blood counts of each patient receiving salvage chemotherapy for evidence of myeloprotection and correlate this data with changes in the mean proviral copy number. Sites of relapsed tumor will be biopsied to test for the presence of the MDR-1 provirus.
Optical label swapping for IP-WDM networks using self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser label and fiber Bragg gratings (2002)

We experimentally demonstrate a simple optical label swapping technique for 10 Gb/s IP-WDM networks using the self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser label and fiber Bragg gratings. Negligible power penalty of 0.1 - 0.2 dB can be achieved for both the 120-MHz label and the swapped label. In addition, tolerable power penalty of 0.6 dB for the data payload is obtained.
Changes in the stability of specific mRNA species in response to growth stage in Bacillus subtilis. (1990)

In this study we compared the cellular concentrations and stability of the mRNA transcribed from the aprE (subtilisin) gene (a gene preferentially expressed in stationary growth phase) with those of a vegetative mRNA, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mRNA. The subtilisin transcript was shown to be at least 3 times more stable in early stationary phase than it is 2 hr further into stationary phase. When cells were shifted from maximum expression of the subtilisin transcript in stationary phase to physiological conditions, which allowed for the resumption of vegetative growth, the cellular concentration of the subtilisin mRNA decreased rapidly. We conclude that mRNA degradation is one of the means by which the cellular concentrations of the SDH and subtilisin transcripts are adjusted in response to growth stage.