gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperbolic metamaterial as super absorber for scattered fields generated at its surface (2012)

We show that hyperbolic metamaterials (HMs) that exhibit hyperbolic wave-vector dispersion diagrams possess two important features related to super absorption: The total power scattered by a nanosphere is (i) greatly enhanced when placed at the HM surface, compared to other material surfaces, and (ii) almost totally directed into the HM. We show that these two features are peculiar of HM interfaces, and we support them using a spectral theory study of transverse-electric and magnetic waves scattered by a subwavelength nanosphere. We analyze the nanosphere's scattered power absorbed by various substrate configurations. We also consider various nanosphere materials.
Comparative structural analysis of cytidine, ethenocylidine and their protonated salts III.1H,13C and15NNMR studies at natural isotope abundance (1984)

The 1H, 13C, 15N NMR spectra of cytidine /Cyd/, ethenocytidine /epsilon Cyd/ and their hydrochlorides /Cyd X HC1/ and /epsilon Cyd X HC1/ have been analysed to compare structural differences observed in solution with those existing in the crystalline state. The effects of ethenobridging and protonation of the hertero-aromatic base on the intramolecular stereochemistry, intermolecular interactions and electronic structure of the whole molecule are discussed on the basis of the NMR studies in DMSO solutions. Particular interest is devoted to the discussion of the conformation of the ribose ring, the presence of the intramolecular C-5'-0...H-6-C hydrogen bond, unambiguous assignment of the site of protonation, the mechanism of the 5C-H deuterium exchange in Cyd X HC1, and the intermolecular interactions in solution.
Treatment of Breast Cancer with Fibroblasts Transfected with DNA from Breast Cancer Cells (1999)

Abstract This investigation was based on the hypothesis that weakly immunogenic, breast cancer-associated Ags, the products of mutant or dysregulated genes in the malignant cells, will be expressed in a highly immunogenic form by semiallogeneic IL-2-secreting fibroblasts transfected with DNA from breast cancer cells. (Classic studies indicate that transfection of genomic DNA can stably alter both the genotype and the phenotype of the cells that take up the exogenous DNA.) To investigate this question, we transfected LM mouse fibroblasts (H-2k) modified to secrete IL-2 with genomic DNA from a breast adenocarcinoma that arose spontaneously in a C3H/He mouse (H-2k). To increase their nonspecific immunogenic properties, the fibroblasts were also modified before transfection to express allogeneic MHC determinants (H-2Kb). Afterward, the IL-2-secreting semiallogeneic cells were cotransfected with DNA from the spontaneous breast neoplasm, along with a plasmid (pHyg) conferring resistance to hygromycin. Pooled colonies of hygromycin-resistant cells were then tested in C3H/He mice for their immunotherapeutic properties against the growth of the breast neoplasm. The results indicated that tumor-bearing mice immunized with the transfected cells survived significantly longer than mice in various control groups. Similar beneficial effects were seen in C57BL/6 mice injected with a syngeneic breast carcinoma cell line (EO771) and semiallogeneic, IL-2-secreting fibroblasts transfected with DNA from EO771 cells. The immunity was mediated by CD8+ T cells since immunized mice depleted of CD8+ cells failed to resist tumor growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Drug Delivery From Bioerodible Polymers. Systemic and Intravenous Administration. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semiconductors in Organic Photosynthesis (2012)

It is commonly accepted that "Organic Synthesis" was born in 1828, when the german chemist Friedrich Whler succeeded to make urea from simple materials After only few years, Becquerel reported the first example of photo-induced electrochemical reaction (Becquerel 1839). In his work, he found that a voltage and an electric current were obtained by illuminating a silver chloride electrode immersed in an electrolyte solution and connected to a counter electrode. But the world had to wait until 1955, when Brattain and Garret, working on germanium semiconductor electrodes, well understood the origin of that strange photovoltaic phenomenon The modern "Photoelectrochemistry" era was born. However, the year was 1900 when it appeared the first article onto the use of light to promote an organic reaction Ciamician and his colleague Silber carried out the first systematic studies on the behaviour of organic substances in the presence of sunlight, thus, nowadays they are regarded as the fathers of modern Organic Photochemistry. Nowadays, if we open SciFinder Scholar client and we write the word "Synthesis" in the "Research topic" field, almost 10 millions of references will be shown. This means that in the last two centuries more than 50000 papers per year onto the argument have been published. Moreover, we are considering only an average value, whereas it is well known that the number of publications has known an exponential-type growth in the last decades. However, only 70000 references are reported for "Photocatalysis", indicating how relatively young is this research field, although the first paper was published more than a century ago. The question is: why in the last two-three decades the use of light in chemistry has aroused a such worldwide attention? The answer could be summarized mainly in one word: environment. A great impetus to the development of photocatalysis is derived from the growing demand to reduce the environmental pollution (air and ground). This has led to the development of several photo-induced protocols for the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants, in which semiconductors play a key role in the reaction mechanism, focusing the attention onto the photodegradation of water and air pollutants.
Evaluation of Damping Strategies for Maximum Power Extraction from a Wave Energy Converter with a Linear Generator (2014)

Evaluation of Damping Strategies for Maximum Power Extraction from a Wave Energy Converter with a Linear Generator
Conformational properties and the entropic barrier in the “head-on” adsorption of a single polymer chain towards a flat surface (2018)

This work investigates the change in conformations and the entropic free energy barrier in the "head-on" adsorption process of a flexible polymer chain towards a flat surface in the framework of the Gaussian chain model. Analytical expressions are reported for the distribution of chain end, the mean square end-to-end distance, the entropic free energy barrier and the adsorption equilibrium constant at low surface coverage (the "mushroom" regime). Theoretical results are discussed in the context of polyoxyethylene-phosphonate-type polymer dispersants, possessing a non-adsorbing polyoxyethylene chain and an adsorbing head-group.
High power frequency upconversion of ultra-fast fiber amplifiers (2006)

Recent work in frequency-conversion of pulsed fiber-amplifiers is reviewed. Design criteria of frequency converters for fiber sources in operating the wavelength range between 1 um and 2 um are discussed.
Parallelizable Message Preprocessing for Merkle-Damgård Hash Functions (2018)

Since well-known hash functions sequentially process a message, the time for computing a digest strongly depends on the performance of a single processor. Even if multi-core processors are available, it is difficult to reduce the time. This paper focuses on designing a message preprocessing that can fully utilize multi-core processors. Since our message preprocessing can be efficiently computed by massively parallel processing, it contributes to reduce the time for computing a digest. The experiments using graphics processing units show that our message preprocessing improves the throughput for computing a digest.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Imines by a Gold Catalyst. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Self-Healing PAM Composite Hydrogel for Water Shutoff at High Temperatures: Thermal and Rheological Investigations (2019)

Abstract Self-healing hydrogels have attracted much attention as they possess the ability to increase the lifetime of the materials and reduce the total cost during the process of long-term use. In this study, self-healing PAM-Zr(OH)4 hydrogel was prepared from acrylamide (AM) and Zr(OH)4 nanosheet filler using a free radical polymerization method. In addition, the polymerization of AM monomers was initiated by ammonium persulfate (APS) while tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) was used as a catalyst. The prepared composite hydrogel was cured at high temperature (i.e. 150°C) in order to simulate the conditions of the oil reservoirs. The thermal and rheological properties of the composite hydrogel were studied using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). As observed from DSC, the free water (Wf) for PAM-Zr(OH)4 hydrogel was 0.39 and that of for neat-PAM was 0.34. The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) for the PAM-Zr(OH)4 hydrogel were 2060 Pa and 644 Pa, whereas that of for neat PAM was 2000 Pa, 627 Pa respectively. From the results, incorporating fillers into the PAM matrix had significant improvements on the thermal and mechanical properties for PAM-Zr(OH)4 hydrogel in comparison to that of neat-PAM hydrogel. In addition, the composite hydrogel has demonstrated an excellent swelling behavior (i.e. swelling capacity up to 14,000%) while sustaining its gel strength (G′/G″). The kinetics of water absorption by the PAM-Zr(OH)4 hydrogel was pseudo-second-order with a second-order rate constant (k2) of 9.3×10−8 min g/g.
Clerodane Diterpenoids from Ajuga decumbens. (1995)

A new neo-clerodane diterpene, ajugacumbin G, was isolated from Ajuga decumbens THUNB. (Labiatae), and the structure was characterized as 6α-acetoxy-4α, 17-epoxy-18-(3'-hydroxy-2'-methylenebutyryloxy)-neo-cleroda-13-en-15, 16-olide by 1H-and 13C-NMR spectral study and by comparison with the known compounds of ajugacumbins A and B. Reactions to an epoxy moiety of ajugacumbin compounds with halogen acid, HX (X=Cl, Br and I) and with Jones reagent were prepared to supply some samples with different substituents at C-4 for insect antifeedant examination.
Proximal junctional kyphosis and clinical outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery with fusion from the thoracic spine to the sacrum: a comparison of proximal and distal upper instrumented vertebrae (2013)

Both PT and DT UIVs improve segmental and global sagittal plane alignment as well as patient-reported quality of life in those treated for adult spinal deformity. The prevalence of PJK was not different in the PT and DT groups. However, compression fracture was the mechanism more frequently observed with DT PJK, and subluxation was the mechanism more frequently observed in PT PJK. Strategies to avoid PJK may include vertebral augmentation to prevent fracture at the DT spine and mechanical means to prevent vertebral subluxation at the PT spine.
Crystal structures of Melanocarpus albomyces cellobiohydrolase Cel7B in complex with cello‐oligomers show high flexibility in the substrate binding (2008)

Cellobiohydrolase from Melanocarpus albomyces (Cel7B) is a thermostable, single-module, cellulose-degrading enzyme. It has relatively low catalytic activity under normal temperatures, which allows structural studies of the binding of unmodified substrates to the native enzyme. In this study, we have determined the crystal structure of native Ma Cel7B free and in complex with three different cello-oligomers: cellobiose (Glc(2)), cellotriose (Glc(3)), and cellotetraose (Glc(4)), at high resolution (1.6-2.1 A). In each case, four molecules were found in the asymmetric unit, which provided 12 different complex structures. The overall fold of the enzyme is characteristic of a glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolase, where the loops extending from the core beta-sandwich structure form a long tunnel composed of multiple subsites for the binding of the glycosyl units of a cellulose chain. The catalytic residues at the reducing end of the tunnel are conserved, and the mechanism is expected to be retaining similarly to the other family 7 members. The oligosaccharides in different complex structures occupied different subsite sets, which partly overlapped and ranged from -5 to +2. In four cellotriose and one cellotetraose complex structures, the cello-oligosaccharide also spanned over the cleavage site (-1/+1). There were surprisingly large variations in the amino acid side chain conformations and in the positions of glycosyl units in the different cello-oligomer complexes, particularly at subsites near the catalytic site. However, in each complex structure, all glycosyl residues were in the chair (4C(1)) conformation. Implications in relation to the complex structures with respect to the reaction mechanism are discussed.
Abstract C86: Tethered Hsp90 inhibitors carrying optical or radioiodinated probes reveal selective internalization of ectopic Hsp90 in malignant breast tumor cells. (2013)

Abstract Hsp90 inhibitors have demonstrated unusual selectivity for tumor cells despite its ubiquitous expression. This phenomenon has remained unexplained but could be influenced by ectopically expressed Hsp90 in tumors. We have synthesized novel Hsp90 inhibitors that can carry optical or radioiodinated probes via a PEG tether. We show that these tethered inhibitors selectively recognize cells expressing ectopic Hsp90 and become internalized. The internalization process is blocked by Hsp90 antibodies, suggesting that active cycling of the protein is occurring at the plasma membrane. In mice, we show exquisite accumulation of the fluor-tethered versions within breast tumors at very sensitive levels. Cell-based assays with the radiolabeled version showed picomolar detection in cells that express ectopic Hsp90. Our findings show that fluor-tethered or radiolabeled inhibitors targeting ectopic Hsp90 can be used to detect breast cancer malignancies through non-invasive imaging. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C86. Citation Format: Jared J. Barrott, Aaron P. Smith, Takuya Osada, Nimmi Ramanujam, Michael R. Zalutsky, Kim Lyerly, Timothy A. J. Haystead. Tethered Hsp90 inhibitors carrying optical or radioiodinated probes reveal selective internalization of ectopic Hsp90 in malignant breast tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C86.
Outdoor photoluminescence and electroluminescence imaging of photovoltaic silicon modules in a string (2022)

Spectral imaging techniques are powerful tools for surveillance and monitoring of degradation mechanisms in PV power plants. Luminescence images of silicon solar modules have until recently been predominantly acquired in controlled laboratory settings. Recent attempts have been made in detecting photoluminescence from silicon PV modules in daylight. This study aims to present an approach for detection of photoluminescence with sunlight excitation. It enables imaging of several modules simultaneously by changing the string’s operating point through wireless, contactless communication with the string inverter. The advantage of this approach compared to electroluminescence imaging is that it can be conducted in daylight and it does not require wiring of the modules. However, due to the string inverter’s reaction time, the change in illumination causes image quality to deteriorate compared to the methods for photoluminescence imaging using instantaneous switching of the operating point and electroluminescence imaging. A comparison is conducted between photoluminescence images acquired through string inverter modulation and images acquired through instantaneous switching as well as with electroluminescence images. It shows that the photoluminescence images obtained though string inverter modulation can be used for identification of degradation mechanisms such as series resistance. Further studies are needed to improve the image quality and potentially use it in UAV inspections.
Xe plasma generated by a cavity enhanced Yb-similariton laser based fiber frequency comb (2007)

An Yb-fiber-frequency-comb-laser producing 75 fs pulses at 136 MHz repetition rate and &gt;10 W average power is locked to a high-finesse cavity. A record intra-cavity average power of up to 1.3 kW and a peak intensity of up to ≈8*1013W/cm2 were reached, allowing ionization of Xe for generation of coherent, high repetition-frequency VUV frequency combs in the near future.
Cytoskeletal Control of Antigen-Dependent T Cell Activation (2019)

Cytoskeletal actin dynamics is essential for T cell activation. Here, we show evidence that the binding kinetics of the antigen engaging the T cell receptor influences the nanoscale actin organization and mechanics of the immune synapse. Using an engineered T cell system expressing a specific T cell receptor and stimulated by a range of antigens, we found that the peak force experienced by the T cell receptor during activation was independent of the unbinding kinetics of the stimulating antigen. Conversely, quantification of the actin retrograde flow velocity at the synapse revealed a striking dependence on the antigen unbinding kinetics. These findings suggest that the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton actively adjusted to normalize the force experienced by the T cell receptor in an antigen-specific manner. Consequently, tuning actin dynamics in response to antigen kinetics may thus be a mechanism that allows T cells to adjust the lengthscale and timescale of T cell receptor signaling.
Lymphocyte release of soluble IL-2 receptors in patients with minimal change nephropathy. (1992)

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome has been reported to be a lymphocyte-mediated disorder. It has been suggested that the secretion of lymphokine(s) is involved in the pathogenesis of MCN and in determining proteinuria. The presence of a soluble form of IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) has been previously described in the sera of patients with some autoimmune disorders. In this work, we report the detection of high sIL-2R levels, both in the plasma (mean value 844 +/- 436 U/ml versus normal value 276 +/- 86 U/ml) and urine of patients with MCN during the nephrotic phase alone. Instead, when the patients achieve stable remission, sIL-2R levels decrease to within normal values (mean value 332 +/- 272 U/ml). Furthermore, during the nephrotic syndrome we observed a significant inverse relationship between sIL-2R plasma levels and the mitogenic response to PHA (p less than 0.005). Since sIL-2R exerts a down-modulation on T-proliferative expansion, sIL-2R might represent one of the inhibitory serum factors extensively reported in the serum of patients with MCN-induced nephrotic syndrome.
Low power circuit design based on heterojunction tunneling transistors (HETTs) (2009)

The theoretical lower limit of subthreshold swing in MOSFETs (60 mV/decade) significantly restricts low voltage operation since it results in a low ON to OFF current ratio at low supply voltages. This paper investigates extremely-low power circuits based on new Si/SiGe HEterojunction Tunneling Transistors (HETTs) that have subthreshold swing
Alternative splicing of fibronectin transcripts in osteochondrogenic tumors. (2001)

These results indicated that the lack of regulation excluding the alternative exons may be associated with tumorigenesis in chondrocytes.
Barbed compared with standard suture: Effects on cellular composition and proliferation of the healing wound in the ovine uterus (2012)

Both barbed and standard sutures had similar effects on cellular composition and proliferation of uterine wounds in an animal model.
Pyridyl-alanine as a Hydrophilic, Aromatic Element in Peptide Structural Optimization (2016)

Glucagon (Gcg) 1 serves a seminal physiological role in buffering against hypoglycemia, but its poor biophysical properties severely complicate its medicinal use. We report a series of novel glucagon analogues of enhanced aqueous solubility and stability at neutral pH, anchored by Gcg[Aib16]. Incorporation of 3- and 4-pyridyl-alanine (3-Pal and 4-Pal) enhanced aqueous solubility of glucagon while maintaining biological properties. Relative to native hormone, analogue 9 (Gcg[3-Pal6,10,13, Aib16]) demonstrated superior biophysical character, better suitability for medicinal purposes, and comparable pharmacology against insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rats and pigs. Our data indicate that Pal is a versatile surrogate to natural aromatic amino acids and can be employed as an alternative or supplement with isoelectric adjustment to refine the biophysical character of peptide drug candidates.
Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Channels by N-octanoyl Dopamine Improves Renal Function after Warm Ischemia but Not after Prolonged Cold Preservation. (2014)

Aim: N-octanoyl dopamine (NOD) improves renal function, when applied shortly before induction of acute kidney injury (AKI). It remains to be assessed how NOD convey its renoprotective properties, if NOD also protects after AKI induction, and if renal allograft recipients also benefit from NOD treatment. Methods: AKI was induced by clamping the left renal artery (45min) in unilateral nephrectomized Lewis or Spaque Dawley (SD), wild type (WT) and TRPV1-/- rats. Transplantations were performed in the Fisher to Lewis model using a standardized cold ischemia time of 20 hrs. Treatment was installed directly after restoration of organ perfusion. Renal function, histology and perfusion were assessed, by serum creatinine, microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Results: NOD significantly improved renal function in AKI in WT Lewis and SD rats, but not in TRPV1-/- SD rats. Improved renal function was paralleled by reduced renal inflammation, yet no differences were found in the expression of inflammatory mediators (adhesion molecules and cytokines). Although MRI-ASL showed a significant lower cortical perfusion in ischemic as compared to non-ischemic kidneys, no influence of NOD was observed. Even though prolonged cold storage did not abrogate TRPV1 activation by NOD, treatment of renal allograft recipients did not show a salutary effect. Conclusions: While NOD treatment improves renal function after warm ischemia induced AKI, it does not so after prolonged cold ischemia. Since the renoprotective effect of NOD depends on TRPV1 activation, it remains to be assessed why its salutary effect is lost after prolonged cold ischemia.
Soci�t� et r�volution biologique (1996)

Médecin, chercheur à l\'Inserm, membre du Comité consultatif national d\'éthique, Axel Kahn fait le point sur la dimension éthique des problèmes que pose l\'avènement du génie génétique, en particulier dans le champ de la médecine humaine. En qualité d\'ancien président de la Commission du génie biomoléculaire instituée auprès du ministre de l\'Agriculture, il est aussi un acteur privilégié des débats relatifs au développement des biotechnologies dans le secteur agricole. L\'actualité confère une singulière résonance à cette réflexion en forme de plaidoyer pour une recherche plus respectueuse de la relation entre l\'Homme et la Nature.
Exploiting the optical bandwidth in WDM passive optical networks for local access (1998)

Summary form only given. Recent wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) component advances enable extremely flexible network design options for future network providers. We show that exploiting the full fiber optical bandwidth permits cost-effective segregation of broadcast and switched services onto broadcast and switched networks that coexist on the same fiber-optic infrastructure.