gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisiting metastable immiscibility in SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 : Structure and phase separation of supercooled liquids and glasses (2022)

Abstract Understanding and controlling liquid–liquid phase separation in aluminosilicates is crucial for optimizing glass properties. However, the metastable nature of aluminosilicates’ phase separation has made it difficult to study experimentally, and uncertainty persists regarding the compositional and temperature extents of the miscibility gap. Here, we present new experimental evidence that suggests a consolute temperature between 1440 and 1590°C and endmember compositions of 7 and 62 mol.% Al 2 O 3 for the phase‐separated glasses. Using containerless melt processing, deeply supercooled liquids over the 0–60 mol.% Al 2 O 3 range are probed with in situ small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, which simultaneously reveals changes in nanoscale density heterogeneity and atomic structure. Correlations between phase separation and atomic coordination environments are compared for liquids and glasses. Pair distribution function analysis shows mean O–(Si + Al) coordination increases with Al 2 O 3 content and decreases with temperature.
Small electrically pumped index-guided vertical-cavity lasers (1994)

High-yield, reliable electrically pumped index-guided vertical cavity lasers with diameters less than 4 microns have been fabricated using low resistance, alloyed, ring contact metallization. Existing metallization schemes used for bottom emitting vertical cavity lasers (VCLs) tend to be highly resistive, since the top metallization layer serves the dual purpose of mirror and electrical contact. This results in acceptable performance for large diameter devices, but poor performance for smaller devices that operate at higher current densities. Low resistance alloyed ring contacts have been developed for small bottom emitting VCLs that maintain the required optical properties while dramatically improving the electrical properties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Risk-adjusted survival curves of aspirin users versus non-users. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; All-cause mortality-free survival by aspirin therapy in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (1–49% stenosis). &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; Composite endpoint (all-cause mortality or late coronary revascularization)-free survival by aspirin therapy. Survival analyses were performed using age, gender, comorbidities and concurrent medications as covariates.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Boat/Chair Topographic Stereoselection During Anionic Oxy‐Cope Rearrangement of 1‐Alkenyl‐2‐cyclopentenyl‐endo‐norbornan‐2‐ols. (1990)

Abstract The title compounds (III), (V), (VII), and (X) are synthesized by similar methods from readily available functionalized norbornanones, e.g. (I), as exemplified for (III).
In Vivo Monitoring of Natural Killer Cell Trafficking during Tumor Immunotherapy (2014)

Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial part of the innate immune system and play critical roles in host anti-viral, anti-microbial, and antitumor responses. The elucidation of NK cell biology and their therapeutic use are actively being pursued with 200 clinical trials currently underway. In this review, we outline the role of NK cells in cancer immunotherapies and summarize current noninvasive imaging technologies used to track NK cells in vivo to investigate mechanisms of action, develop new therapies, and evaluate efficacy of adoptive transfer.
Patterned growth of single-walled carbon nanotube arrays from a vapor-deposited Fe catalyst (2003)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes have been grown on a variety of substrates by chemical vapor deposition using low-coverage vacuum-deposited iron as a catalyst. Ordered arrays of suspended nanotubes ranging from submicron to several micron lengths have been obtained on Si, SiO2, Al2O3, and Si3N4 substrates that were patterned on hundred nanometer length scales with a focused ion beam machine. Electric fields applied during nanotube growth allow the control of growth direction. Nanotube circuits have been constructed directly on contacting metal electrodes of Pt/Cr patterned with catalysts. Patterning with solid iron catalyst is compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication strategies and may contribute to the integration of nanotubes in complex device architectures.
Genetic Control of Serum IgE Levels and Asthma: Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium Studies in an Isolated Population (1997)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration in serum is elevated in atopic diseases such as asthma. A large genomic region on chromosome 5 has previously been implicated in the control of IgE levels and bronchial hyperreactivity and may, therefore, harbor genes predisposing to asthma. In an effort to confirm this linkage and to delimit the critical region, we took advantage of an isolated founder subpopulation in Finland to study genetic linkage and haplotype associations. Sixteen polymorphic markers, including the Interleukin-4 and -9 genes (IL4, IL9), were physically ordered and genotyped in 157 nuclear families. Genetic linkage studies involving sib-and cousin-pair analyses found no evidence of genetic linkage between markers in 5q and either serum IgE levels or asthma. Haplotype association studies were also performed. Although initial inspection suggested the possibility of linkage disequilibrium in the region of IL9, we developed a rigorous permutation test for assessing association and determined that the association was no greater than would be expected by chance. Sequence analysis of the IL9 gene in three patients sharing a possibly conserved haplotype revealed a T113M coding polymorphism, but this variant showed no association with either serum IgE levels or asthma. We conclude that allelic variation at chromosome 5q31 is not likely to contribute to inheritance of serum IgE levels or the development of asthma in this Finnish subpopulation.
Nanomechanical systems: progress, challenges, and ultimate limits (2002)

Microelectronics technology is now pushing deep into the submicron regime, yet, for the most part, work on micromachines still remains back at the few micron scale, or larger. The time is ripe to embark upon a concerted exploration of mechanical systems at the nanoscale. This talk highlights the promise and intrigue of the nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) domain.
A high dynamic-range photon-counting receiver for deep space optical communication (2021)

The Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) project will demonstrate free-space optical communication at almost 3 AU, or 3 orders of magnitude further than any previous attempt. DSOC will utilize the 5m Palomar Hale Telescope to receive the downlink signal, which will couple the downlink light onto an optical table and into a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD). The output of the SNSPD is digitized by the Ground Laser Receiver Signal Processing Assembly (GSPA) using a high throughput streaming time to digital converter (TDC). The GSPA is a scalable FPGA-based receiver which demodulates and decodes the DSOC downlink signal through novel signal processing algorithms implemented on Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGAs, as well as Python-based software monitor and control routines. Exploiting the unique TDC-based architecture, the GSPA supports over four orders of magnitude of downlink data rates across multiple orders of magnitude of signal and background powers. In this paper we present an overview of the hardware, firmware and software architectures to implement this system, as well as performance analysis for links ranging from near-Earth to 2.8 AU.
Self-Assembled Electrooptic Thin Films with Remarkably Blue-Shifted Optical Absorption Based on an X-Shaped Chromophore (2004)

An "X-shaped" two-dimensional electrooptic (EO) chromophore with extended orthogonal conjugation was designed and synthesized. Self-assembled thin films of this chromophore were fabricated via layer-by-layer chemisorptive siloxane-based self-assembly. The films exhibit a dramatically blue-shifted optical maximum (325 nm) while maintaining a large EO response (chi33(2) approximately 232 pm/V at 1064 nm; r33 approximately 43 pm/V at 1550 nm).
A randomized phase II cross-over study of abiraterone + prednisone (ABI) vs enzalutamide (ENZ) for patients (pts) with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2017)

5002 Background: ABI and ENZ are indicated as 1 st line therapy for mCRPC but have not been directly compared. Optimal sequencing of these agents has not been prospectively evaluated and predictive biomarkers are lacking. Methods: Multicenter, phase 2 study randomizing treatment-naïve mCRPC pts to ABI vs ENZ, with cross over at PSA progression. Primary endpoints: response and time to PSA progression (TTPP, PCWG3 criteria) after 2 nd line therapy. Reported here are secondary endpoints: PSA ≥50% decline (PSA50) from baseline, TTPP with 1 st line therapy, and correlation with deep targeted sequencing of 73 mCRPC genes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Results: Accrual completed October 2016 with 202 pts randomized (ABI:ENZ = 101:101). Median follow-up 12.8 months. Baseline characteristics were similar between arms: median for age was 75 years (range 49-94), PSA 36.1 (1.7-2817), HGB 130 (89-165), ALK PHOS 105 (31-6600), LDH 207 (77-3098). ECOG PS was 0-1 in 83%, presence of metastases in bone/liver/lung in 83%/6%/10%. With 1 st line therapy for ABI vs ENZ, PSA50 at 12 weeks was 53% vs 73% (P = 0.004), no PSA decline occurred in 21% vs 15% (P = 0.243), and median TTPP was 7.4 vs 8.0 months (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.61, 1.27). Baseline ctDNA fraction was &gt;2% in 60% of patients, and associated with worse TTPP (HR 1.80, P=0.005). Baseline pathogenic ctDNA alterations in AR, TP53, RB1, and DNA repair (BRCA2, ATM) genes were associated with a shorter TTPP (univariate analysis: TABLE). On multivariate analysis including clinical factors, TP53 and BRCA2/ATM alterations remained significant (HR = 2.54 (95%CI 1.55-4.19) and HR = 2.68 (1.58-4.54)). Pts with a PSA increase as best response were enriched for alterations in DNA repair (P &lt;0.001), TP53 (P = 0.005), RB1 (P = 0.04), and (in 1 pt) a genomically truncated AR. Conclusions: There was a difference in PSA response for 1 st line ABI vs ENZ, but no difference for TTPP. Baseline pathogenic ctDNA alterations, particularly in TP53 and BRCA2, identify pts with poor outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT02125357. [Table: see text]
Practical Group Signatures without Random Oracles. (2005)

We present the first practical group signature scheme that is provably secure in the standard model without the need for relaxed setup assumptions. The proof follows a new ideal/real-world definition of security for group signatures that encapsulates all the standard properties of unforgeability, anonymity, unlinkability, and exculpability. Security of our constructions require certain cryptographic assumptions, namely the Strong LRSW, EDH, and Strong SXDH assumptions. Evidence for the newly introduced assumptions is provided by proving them secure in the generic group model.
Identification and characterization of an octameric PEG-protein conjugate system for intravitreal long-acting delivery to the back of the eye (2019)

Innovative protein engineering and chemical conjugation technologies have yielded an impressive number of drug candidates in clinical development including >80 antibody drug conjugates, >60 bispecific antibodies, >35 Fc-fusion proteins and >10 immuno-cytokines. Despite these innovations, technological advances are needed to address unmet medical needs with new pharmacological mechanisms. Age-related eye diseases are among the most common causes of blindness and poor vision in the world. Many such diseases affect the back of the eye, where the inaccessibility of the site of action necessitates therapeutic delivery via intravitreal (IVT) injection. Treatments administered via this route typically have vitreal half-lives <10 days in humans, requiring frequent administration. Since IVT injection is burdensome to patients, there exists a strong need to develop therapeutics with prolonged residence time in the eye. We report here a strategy to increase retention of a therapeutic fragment antibody (Fab) in the eye, using an anti-complement factor D Fab previously optimized for ocular delivery. Polyethylene glycol structures, varying in length, geometry and degree of branching, were coupled to the Fab via maleimide-activated termini. A screening strategy was developed to allow for key determinants of ocular half-life to be measured in vitro. After compound selection, a scalable process was established to enable tolerability and pharmacokinetic studies in cynomolgus monkeys, demonstrating an increase in vitreal half-life with no associated adverse events. Further, we show that the technique for compound selection, analytical characterization, and scalable production is general for a range of antibody fragments. The application of the technology has broad impact in across many therapeutic areas with the first major advancement in the treatment of an important ocular disease.
Elevated L-Threonine is a Biomarker for Lassa Fever and Ebola (2020)

Abstract Background: Lassa fever and Ebola are characterized by non-specific initial presentations that can progress to severe multisystem illnesses with high fatality rates. Methods: Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry metabolomics was used to identify and confirm metabolites disrupted in the blood of Lassa fever and Ebola patients. Results: The amino acid L-threonine is elevated during Lassa fever and Ebola. Conclusions: Metabolomics may provide tools to identify pathways that are differentially affected during viral hemorrhagic fevers and guide development of diagnostics to monitor and predict outcome.
Dielectric metasurfaces made from vertically oriented nanoresonators (2021)

Dielectric metasurfaces control optical wavefronts via nanoscale resonators laid out across a surface. However, most metasurfaces are, by design, planar. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to fabricate dielectric metasurfaces with vertically oriented dielectric resonators using membrane projection lithography. We first numerically characterize the resonant modes of an array of vertically oriented germanium ellipses with no substrate and identify a narrowband region where the resonators satisfy the first Kerker condition. We then fabricate seven metasurfaces by depositing germanium ellipses onto walls of a 3D micrometer-sized silicon nitride photonic scaffold and characterize their transmission. We find that signatures of the multipolar modes seen in the unsupported array persist in the supported array, but the overall behavior is more complicated due to the scaffold. Further, we show that for a conceptual metasurface containing two coupled, vertically oriented ellipses, the ellipses can generate a sharp resonance with a quality factor of 240.
Stochastic model predictive control with driver behavior learning for improved powertrain control (2010)

In this paper we advocate the use of stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) for improving the performance of powertrain control algorithms, by optimally controlling the complex system composed of driver and vehicle. While the powertrain is modeled as the deterministic component of the dynamics, the driver behavior is represented as a stochastic system which affects the vehicle dynamics. Since stochastic MPC is based on online numerical optimization, the driver model can be learned online, hence allowing the control algorithm to adapt to different drivers and drivers' behaviors. The proposed technique is evaluated in two applications: adaptive cruise control, where the driver behavioral model is used to predict the leading vehicle dynamics, and series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) energy management, where the driver model is used to predict the future power requests.
Strategy to enhance lung cancer treatment by five essential elements: inhalation delivery, nanotechnology, tumor-receptor targeting, chemo- and gene therapy (2019)

Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), is the most common type of lung cancer (more than 80% of all cases). Small molecule Tyrosine Kinase (TK) Inhibitors acting on the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFRs) are standard therapies for patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR-TK inhibitor-sensitizing mutations. However, fewer than 10 % of patients with NSCLC benefit from this therapy. Moreover, even the latest generation of EGFR inhibitors can cause severe systemic toxicities and are ineffective in preventing non-canonical EGFR signaling. In order to minimize and even overcome these limitations, we are proposing a novel multi-tier biotechnology treatment approach that includes: (1) suppression of all four types of EGFR-TKs by a pool of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs); (2) induction of cell death by an anticancer drug, (3) enhancing the efficiency of the treatment by the local inhalation delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the lungs (passive targeting), (4) active receptor-mediated targeting of the therapy specifically to cancer cells that in turn should minimize adverse side effects of treatment and (5) increasing the stability, solubility, and cellular penetration of siRNA and drug by using tumor targeted Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC). <b>Methods</b>: NLCs targeted to NSCLC cells by a synthetic Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) decapeptide was used for the simultaneous delivery of paclitaxel (TAX) and a pool of siRNAs targeted to the four major forms of EGFR-TKs. LHRH-NLC-siRNAs-TAX nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and tested <i>in vitro</i> using human lung cancer cells with different sensitivities to gefitinib (inhibitor of EGFR) and <i>in vivo</i> on an orthotopic NSCLC mouse model. <b>Results</b>: Proposed nanoparticle-based complex containing an anticancer drug, inhibitors of different types of EGFR-TKs and peptide targeted to the tumor-specific receptors (LHRH-NLC-siRNAs-TAX) demonstrated a favorable organ distribution and superior anticancer effect when compared with treatment by a single drug, inhibitor of one EGFR-TK and non-targeted therapy. <b>Conclusion</b>s: The use of a multifunctional NLC-based delivery system substantially enhanced the efficiency of therapy for NSCLC and possibly will limit adverse side effects of the treatments. The results obtained have the potential to significantly impact the field of drug delivery and to improve the efficiency of therapy of lung and other types of cancer.
Advantages and Limitations of SNP Array in the Molecular Characterization of Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2020)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and numerous genetic aberrations in the leukemic genome are responsible for the biological and clinical differences among particular ALL subtypes. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the association of whole-genome copy number abnormalities (CNAs) in childhood T-ALL with the course of leukemia and its outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of whole-genome CNAs in 86 newly diagnosed childhood T-ALL cases using a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array. We analyzed the presence of whole-genome CNAs with respect to immunophenotype, clinical features, and treatment outcomes. A total of 769 CNAs, including trisomies, duplications, deletions, and segmental loss of heterozygosity, were detected in 86 analyzed samples. Gain or loss of chromosomal regions exceeding 10 Mb occurred in 46 cases (53%), including six cases (7%) with complex chromosomal alterations. We observed that microdeletions in selected genes (e.g., <i>FIP1L1</i> and <i>PDGFRB</i>) were related to the clinical features. Interestingly, 13% of samples have a duplication of the two loci (<i>MYB</i> and <i>AIH1-</i>6q23.3), which never occurred alone. Single-nucleotide polymorphism array significantly improved the molecular characterization of pediatric T-ALL. Further studies with larger cohorts of patients may contribute to the selection of prognostic CNAs in this group of patients.
User-centered location awareness (2004)

Mobile computing and communication devices now provide access to information from nearly anywhere, and many of these devices know where they are. Much current research focuses on using location awareness to provide information about a user's surroundings. We believe that geographic information can be personalized based on its relevance to the user, with appropriate descriptions or granularity to deliver valuable location-aware services. A location-aware memory aid, comMotion tracks a user's path via the Global Positioning System (GPS) and maintains "to do" lists for select locations consisting of text and voice recordings.
Friction Reduction Induced by Elliptical Surface Patterns under Lubricated Conditions (2017)

Recording Stribeck‐like curves is an efficient way to evaluate the frictional performance and efficiency of patterned surfaces. Elliptical patterns with varying area density and structural depth are fabricated by micro‐coining on steel substrates (AISI 304). A ball‐on‐disc tribometer is used to perform unidirectional sliding experiments for the polished reference and the elliptical patterns dependent on the sliding velocity. In this study, a clear connection between structural parameters such as length of long and short axis, aspect ratio, and pitch with the frictional behavior can be found. Comparing patterns with comparable depth and area density underlines that elliptical patterns having larger individual features (increased length of both axes) separated by a larger pitch reduce the COF more significantly. The number of tribologically active individual elliptical structures, recirculation effects of the lubricant, as well as the pattern geometry that may lead to undesired edge effects and stress concentrations need to be taken into consideration to explain those findings. The sample with the smallest structural depth, the smallest area density, and the lowest aspect ratio (A1) leads to the maximum friction reduction (4‐fold) for all velocities which underlines the enormous potential of elliptical structures in terms of friction reduction.
Improvement of productivity by spin-coating and flash imprint lithography (2022)

To improve the productivity of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) in semiconductor manufacturing, we have developed spin-coating and flash imprint lithography (SC-FIL). Using a newly developed SC-FIL resist, we imprinted a 300-mm-wide whole wafer including partial fields. The cross-sectional image showed a well-shaped half-pitch dense line with a width of 26 nm. The mix-and-match overlay accuracy (3σ) was 3.9 nm in the X direction and 3.4 nm in the Y direction. Assuming Washburn’s model of capillary flow, we identified the unique defect-generation mechanism in SC-FIL and hence optimized the SC-FIL process for high throughput and low defect density. After optimizing the NIL, the multimodule NZ2C system with four imprint heads is expected to achieve a throughput of 124 wafers per hour and a defectivity of only 0.005 defects per cm2.