gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Intestinal Tissue and Cultured Colonic Cells Contain Globotriaosylceramide Synthase mRNA and the Alternate Shiga Toxin Receptor Globotetraosylceramide (2010)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) bacteria are not enteroinvasive but can cause hemorrhagic colitis. In some STEC-infected individuals, a life-threatening sequela of infection called the hemolytic uremic syndrome may develop that can lead to kidney failure. This syndrome is linked to the production of Stx by the infecting organism. For Stx to reach the kidney, the toxin must first penetrate the colonic epithelial barrier. However, the Stx receptor, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), has been thought to be absent from human intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, the mechanisms by which the toxin associates with and traverses through the intestine en route to the kidneys have been puzzling aspects of STEC pathogenesis. In this study, we initially determined that both types of Stx made by STEC, Stx1 and Stx2, do in fact bind to colonic epithelia in fresh tissue sections and to a colonic epithelial cell line (HCT-8). We also discovered that globotetraosylceramide (Gb4), a lower-affinity toxin receptor derived from Gb3, is readily detectable on the surfaces of human colonic tissue sections and HCT-8 cells. Furthermore, we found that Gb3 is present on a fraction of HCT-8 cells, where it presumably functions to bind and internalize Stx1 and Stx2. In addition, we established by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) that both fresh colonic epithelial sections and HCT-8 cells express Gb3 synthase mRNA. Taken together, our data suggest that Gb3 may be present in small quantities in human colonic epithelia, where it may compete for Stx binding with the more abundantly expressed glycosphingolipid Gb4.
On the Combined Input-Crosspoint Buffered Switch With Round-Robin Arbitration (2005)

Input-buffered switches have been widely considered for implementing feasible packet switches. However, their matching process may not be time-efficient for switches with high-speed ports. Buffered crossbars (BXs) are an alternative to relax timing for packet switches with high-speed ports and to provide high-performance switching. BX switches were originally considered expensive, as the memory amount required in the crosspoints (XPs) is proportional to the square of the number of ports (O(N/sup 2/)). This limitation is now less stringent with the advances on chip-fabrication techniques, and when considering small crosspoint (XP) buffer sizes. In this paper, we study a combined input-crosspoint buffered packet switch, named CIXB, with virtual output queues (VOQs) at the inputs, and arbitration based on round-robin selection. We show that the CIXB switch achieves 100% throughput under uniform traffic, and high performance under nonuniform traffic, using one-cell XP buffer size and no speedup.
Aged Transgenic Mice With Increased Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in Pancreatic β-Cells Develop Diabetes (2004)

Glucocorticoids are diabetogenic hormones because they decrease glucose uptake, increase hepatic glucose production, and inhibit insulin release. To study the long-term effects of increased glucocorticoid sensitivity in beta-cells, we studied transgenic mice overexpressing the rat glucocorticoid receptor targeted to the beta-cells using the rat insulin I promoter. Here we report that these mice developed hyperglycemia both in the fed and the overnight-fasted states at 12-15 months of age. Progression from impaired glucose tolerance, previously observed in the same colony at the age of 3 months, to manifest diabetes was not associated with morphological changes or increased apoptosis in the beta-cells. Instead, our current results suggest that the development of diabetes is due to augmented inhibition of insulin secretion through alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2)-ARs). Thus, we found a significantly higher density of alpha(2)-ARs in the islets of transgenic mice compared with controls, based on binding studies with the alpha(2)-AR agonist UK 14304. Furthermore, incubation of islets with benextramine, a selective antagonist of the alpha(2)-AR, restored insulin secretion in response to glucose in isolated islets from transgenic mice, whereas it had no effect on control islets. These results indicate that the chronic enhancement of glucocorticoid signaling in pancreatic beta-cells results in hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance. This effect may involve signaling pathways that participate in the regulation of insulin secretion via the alpha(2)-AR.
Spectral Signature Decay Analysis and New Tapered Coaxial Transmission Line Spectrometer Design (2013)

A molecule dynamics model and details of a large electrical volume coaxial spectrometer are presented in this paper. The molecule dynamics model gives successful molecular signal decay predictions in coaxial spectrometers and shows that our current design is beyond the wall collision limit. The dimensions of the large electrical volume coax and a solution for practical fabrication of the transmission line that avoids spurious mode coupling are also introduced in this paper. The measured spectrum has an 8-dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over previous techniques, and fast detection was achieved with 100 averages. The better performance of this coaxial transmission line spectrometer improves its potential in the application of microwave chemical sensing, and the molecule dynamics model is useful for future coaxial spectrometer designs for higher operation frequency where molecular signals are stronger.
Does the Implementation of an Emergency Nursing Framework (HIRAID) Reduce patient Deterioration? A Multi-Centre Quasi-Experimental Study (2020)

Abstract Background : Recognition and response of deteriorating patients is fundamental to safe, high quality healthcare. Failure to recognise and respond to deteriorating patients is associated with serious adverse events, both during and after emergency department care. This study aims to determine if the implementation of HIRAID (History, Identify Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, communication and reassessment), an emergency nursing framework, improves patient safety. Methods : This quasi-experimental cohort study was conducted between November 2017 and February 2019 in two regional hospitals in [Anonymised], Australia. HIRAID was implemented using a multi-pronged behaviour change intervention. Data of 920 patients (374 pre-cohort and 546 post-cohort) who had an episode of deterioration within 72 hours of emergency department departure were collected. Statistical tests were conducted as two-sided, with a 95% confidence interval to determine pre/post cohort association. The StaRI checklist was used in reporting this study. Results: Patients in the post group were older with more comorbidities, but experienced fewer episodes of clinical deterioration associated with care delivered in the emergency department (27% to 13%). There was a reduction in treatment delays [pre n=28 (28.3%) versus post n=11 (15.1%), p=0.041, 95% CI (1.1%–25.3%)], and delay or failure to escalate care when abnormal vital signs were identified [pre n=20 (20.2%) versus post n=5 (6.9%), p=0.014, 95% CI (3.5%–23.1%)]. The proportion of isolated nursing-related causal factors decreased from 20 (21%) to 6 (8%). Conclusions : HIRAID is a standardised emergency nursing framework which provides a structured, evidence-based approach to emergency nursing assessment that could be adapted for a variety of clinical settings. Implementing HIRAID using the principles of behavior change is associated with a reduction in clinical deterioration related to emergency care.
Femtosecond laser induced photochemistry in materials tailored with photosensitive agents [Invited] (2011)

This article deals with the recent advances in photochemistry in optical materials induced by femtosecond laser pulses. The field of investigation of this paper is limited to bulk solid isotropic transparent materials (glasses and polymers), specifically tailored with photoactive agents. The formation mechanisms of laser-induced color centers, nanoclusters, nanoparticles and nanocrystallites are reviewed and argued, in particular the influence of the temperature during or after the laser irradiation. The relation between the photo-induced structures and the optical property modifications are discussed, as well as some applications
Evaluating the Efficacy of Combined P188 Treatment and Surgical Intervention in Preventing Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Following a Traumatic Knee Injury (2021)

Previous studies have shown that reconstructive surgery alone following injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) does not prevent the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Poloxamer 188 (P188) has been shown to prevent cell death following trauma in both articular cartilage and meniscal tissue. This study aims to test the efficacy of single or multiple administrations of P188 in conjunction with reconstructive surgery to help prevent or delay the onset of the disease. Thirty skeletally mature rabbits underwent closed-joint trauma that resulted in ACL rupture and meniscal damage and were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups with varying doses of P188. ACL reconstruction was then performed using an autograft from the semitendinosus tendon. Animals were euthanized 1-month following trauma, meniscal tissue was assessed for changes in morphology, mechanical properties, and proteoglycan content. Femurs and tibias were scanned using microcomputed tomography to determine changes in bone quality, architecture, and osteophyte formation. The medial meniscus experienced more damage and a decrease in the instantaneous modulus regardless of treatment group, while P188 treatment tended to limit degenerative changes in the lateral meniscus. Both lateral and medial menisci had documented decreases in the equilibrium modulus and inconsistent changes in proteoglycan content. Minimal changes were documented in the tibias and femurs, with the only significant change being the formation of osteophytes in both bones regardless of treatment group. The data suggest that P188 was able to limit some degenerative changes in the meniscus associated with PTOA and may warrant future studies.
Register file exploration for a multi-standard wireless forward error correction ASIP (2009)

Given the increase in the number of wireless standards, software defined radio has emerged as a cost effective way of supporting multiple standards on the same platform architecture. Embedded systems with such platforms need to power efficient and meet the real time constraints of these wireless standards. Register files are known to be power and performance bottlenecks in high performance low power embedded processors. Given the strict power constraints and real-time performance constraints of these applications a comprehensive study of the register file architecture is needed to reach the most optimal architecture. In this paper we perform an in depth analysis on different register file architectures and their configurations for wireless forward error correction algorithms of different wireless standards like 802.11n and 802.16e. We analyze the traditional clustered register file, hierarchical register file, stream register file as well as asymmetrical register files and show that there are various trade-offs between power and performance across these different architectures.
Feedstock Supply System Design and Economics for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels Conversion Pathway: Fast Pyrolysis and Hydrotreating Bio-Oil Pathway "The 2017 Design Case" (2014)

The U.S. Department of Energy promotes the production of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks by funding fundamental and applied research that advances the state of technology in biomass sustainable supply, logistics, conversion, and overall system sustainability. As part of its involvement in this program, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) investigates the feedstock logistics economics and sustainability of these fuels. Between 2000 and 2012, INL quantified and the economics and sustainability of moving biomass from the field or stand to the throat of the conversion process using conventional equipment and processes. All previous work to 2012 was designed to improve the efficiency and decrease costs under conventional supply systems. The 2012 programmatic target was to demonstrate a biomass logistics cost of $55/dry Ton for woody biomass delivered to fast pyrolysis conversion facility. The goal was achieved by applying field and process demonstration unit-scale data from harvest, collection, storage, preprocessing, handling, and transportation operations into INL’s biomass logistics model.
Effects of Excess C on New Grain Formation and Static Recrystallization Behavior at Shear Bands in Cold-Rolled Ultra-Low Carbon Steel Sheets (2021)

The effects of excess carbon on static recrystallization of cold-rolled steel sheets were studied using Ti-bearing ultra-low carbon steels with and without carbon in solution. Here, excess carbon means solute carbon added beyond the atomic equivalent ratio with Ti. Static recrystallization was evidently accelerated by the presence of excess carbon. Microstructural observation confirmed that statically recrystallized grains were generated at ferrite grain boundaries and deformation bands. Preexisting fine grains also stimulated static recrystallization. However, nucleation at deformation bands was not particularly significant in Ti-bearing ultra-low carbon steels without excess carbon. This difference derived from excess carbon is discussed in detail in relation to stored energy, preferential nucleation sites of static recrystallization and grain boundary migration.
Postdoc Labor Love (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTPostdoc Labor LoveCarolyn BertozziView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford UniversityE-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Cent. Sci. 2016, 2, 6, 359–360Publication Date (Web):June 22, 2016Publication History Published online22 June 2016Published inissue 22 June 2016https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00167Copyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views6148Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (187 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Bubbles,Students Get e-Alerts
Prolonged efficiency of siRNA‐mediated gene silencing in primary cultures of human preadipocytes and adipocytes (2013)

Our study describes the methods of gene silencing in primary cultures of human preadipocytes and adipocytes and their prolonged effectiveness.
Protein Engineering and Glycan Optimization Improves Pharmicokinetics of an Enzyme Biologic 10‐fold (2019)

Background and Objectives We recently demonstrated the efficacy of an enzyme replacement therapy for a lethal neonatal metabolic disorder of vascular calcification called ‘Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy’ (GACI). The therapeutic biologic (ENPP1‐Fc) is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phospodiesterase‐1 (ENPP‐1) fused with the Fc domain of IgG1. The fusion protein exhibited exceptional stability and had an in vivo half‐life of 35 hours in rodents. The objective of this study was to investigate protein engineering and bioprocessing methods to further enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of this biotherapeutic enzyme. Approach and Methods To optimize the pharmacokinetic properties of ENPP1‐Fc we embarked on a 4‐prong strategy: First, we increased glycosylation to shield the protein from degradation by the introducing additional N‐glycan consensus sequences onto the exterior surface of the predicted tertiary structure, guided by three‐dimensional models of ENPP1, other ENPP enzymes in the superfamily, and known inactivating mutations in ENPP1 resulting in GACI. Second, we increased pH‐dependent FcRn‐mediated cellular recycling by mutating the Fc domain to enhance the affinity of the fusion protein for the neonatal receptor (FcRn). Third, we enhanced sialyation of the fusion protein by expressing ENPP1‐Fc in CHO cell lines stably transfected with human alpha‐2,6‐sialyltransferase. Finally, we enhanced sialic acid capping by supplementing the cell culture media with N‐acetylmannosamine or 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc, a “high‐flux” precursor of sialic acid. Conclusions Using a combination of the above methods we collectively increased the in vivo half‐life of ENPP1‐Fc by over 4‐fold and the in vivo exposure of animal to ENPP1‐Fc (i.e., Area Under the Curve) by over 10‐fold. We additionally found that expressing ENPP1‐Fc in CHO cells stably transfected with sialytransferase dramatically increased the bioavailability (Cmax) of ENPP1‐Fc when the biologic was administered as a subcutaneous depot. Our results demonstrate the ability of protein engineering and bioprocessing methods to dramatically improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of enzyme replacement biologics for use in humans. Support or Funding Information Inozyme Pharma ENPP1‐Fc image ENPP1‐Fc This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
[In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against strains of pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1/09)v]. (2011)

Strains of influenza virus A(H1N1/09)v were susceptible to Ingavirin and Tamiflu but resistant to Remantadin. Reference strains of A(H5N1) and A(H3N2) were susceptible to Ingavirin, Tamiflu and Remantadin.
UV Curing Effects on Glass Structure and Mechanical Properties of Organosilicate Low-k Thin Films (2006)

Ultra-violet radiation curing has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing the glass structure and mechanical properties of low-k organosilicate thin films. The present work examines the effects of UV curing on the adhesive and cohesive fracture properties of carbon-doped oxide low-k films. Detailed <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">29</sup> Si and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to study the effects of UV curing on glass structure. The UV curing process is demonstrated to improve the glass network by decreasing the number of terminal non-bridging bonds and increasing the number of cross-linking bonds, leading to significant increases in elastic modulus and interfacial fracture energy. However, an interesting finding is that UV curing does not lead to similar improvements in the films' cohesive strength or their resistance to environmentally assisted cracking in chemical environments. Possible mechanisms responsible for this unexpected behavior are discussed
ChemInform Abstract: METALLOCENE, NEUE KLASSE VON REAGENZIEN ZUR PROTEINMODIFIKATION 1. MITT. MALEINSAEUREANHYDRIDTETRACARBONYLEISEN (1972)

Abstract Der Titelkomplex (I) vereinigt die Reaktivität von Maleinsäureanhydrid gegen‐über Peptiden und Proteinen und die charakteristischen Eigenschaften eines π‐gebundenen Carbonylsystems.
Elektrostatische Aufladung durch Separierung von Ionen an Grenzflächen: Kontaktelektrisierung von ionischen Elektreten (2008)

Abstract Gegenstand dieses Aufsatz sind ionische Elektrete: ihre Herstellung, ihr Bildungsmechanismus, Methoden zu ihrer Charakterisierung und ihre Anwendungen. Ein Elektret ist ein Material, das an seiner Oberfläche ein permanentes makroskopisches elektrisches Feld aufweist; dieses Feld kann aus einer Nettoausrichtung von polaren Gruppen im Material oder aus einer makroskopischen elektrostatischen Nettoladung auf dem Material resultieren. Ein ionisches Elektret ist ein Material, das aufgrund einer unterschiedlichen Zahl von kationischen und anionischen Ladungen eine elektrostatische Nettoladung aufbaut. Jedes Material, das Ionen auf seiner Oberfläche trägt oder verfügbare Ionen in der Volumenphase enthält, ist ein potenzielles ionisches Elektret. Wird ein derartiges Material mit einem anderen Material in Kontakt gebracht, können zwischen ihnen Ionen übertragen werden. Falls Anionen und Kationen unterschiedliche Transferneigungen haben, kann dies dazu führen, dass zwischen den beiden Materialien eine Nettoladung übertragen wird. Ionische Elektrete, deren Bildung auf diesem Ionentransfermechanismus basiert, sind das Thema dieses Aufsatzes, der sowohl experimentelle Nachweise als auch theoretische Modelle diskutiert; außerdem wird eine noch unbewiesene Hypothese vorgeschlagen, wonach dieser Ionentransfermechanismus auch die allgegenwärtige Kontaktelektrisierung (“statische Elektrizität”) von Materialien, z. B. organischen Polymeren, erklären könnte, die nicht explizit Ionen auf ihrer Oberfläche haben.
Neurotrophic factors and their receptors (1994)

Development of the nervous system depends on signals that instruct neurons when to divide, differentiate, survive, or die. There are now two known distinct classes of factors noted for their neurotrophic activities—the family of factors collectively known as the neurotrophins, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Neurotrophin-mediated signaling pathways initiate by autophosphorylation of Trk receptors, which are receptor tyrosine kinases similar to the receptors for traditional growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor. In contrast, ciliary neurotrophic factor employs a receptor system that shares components with the receptor complexes for a subclass of distantly related hematopoietic cytokines. These two distinct classes of neurotrophic factors, utilizing distinct signaling pathways, can interact to effect the growth and differentiation of neuronal progenitors during neuropoiesis in a way analogous to that exhibited by the cytokines during hematopoiesis.