gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microoptics Technology (2010)

It has been five years since the publication of the first edition of Microoptics Technology. In that time, optical technology has experienced an unparalleled burst of activity that has produced a body of significant real results that have advanced new materials, devices, and systems. Building on the foundation of the first edition, this comprehensive reference presents an introduction and review of the optics and methods of microoptic elements with particular emphasis on lenses and lens arrays.The author explores advances that emerged from the flurry of activity over the last five years. With two new chapters and another fully expanded, the book covers current and new methods of fabrication of microlenses, as well as refractive, GRIN, and diffractive methods. It also includes chapters on optical devices that utilize the microoptic fabrication methods, including micro-diffraction gratings and optical isolators, together with a discussion of a number of important applications. See what's new in the Second Edition:Coverage of negative refractive index materialsInformation on femto second laser interaction with materialsChapter on photonic crystal has been extensively expandedThe first edition was the first resource to collect all microlens fabrication methods into a single volume. With more than 600 references, tables, equations, drawings, and photographs, Microoptics Technology, Second Edition replaces its predecessor as the gold standard reference in this field.
A scientometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (2022)

Background Diagnostic ultrasound has long been a part of a physician’s armamentarium, but transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging treatment of neurological disorders. Consequently, the literature in this field is increasing at a rapid pace.ObjectiveThis analysis was aimed to identify the top-cited articles on FUS to discern their origin, spread, current trends highlighting future impact of this novel neurosurgical intervention.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science database on 28th May 2021 and identified the top 100 cited articles. These articles were analyzed with various scientometric parameters like the authors, corresponding authors, country of corresponding author, journal of publication, year of publication. Citation based parameters including total citations, mean citations per article and mean citations, citation count, and the citation per year, citations per year and co-authors per document were studied as well in addition to Hirsch h-index, g-index, m-index, Bradford’s Law, Lotka’s law and Collaboration index.ResultsThe 100 top-cited articles were published between 1998 and 2019 in 45 different journals. The average citations per document and citations per document per year were 97.78 and 12.47, respectively. The most prolific authors were Hynynen K (Medical Biophysics—Toronto), Elias WJ (Neurosurgery—Virginia), Zadicario (InSightec). The Journal of Neurosurgery published the most top-cited articles (n = 11), and most articles originated from the United States, followed by Canada. Among individual institutions, the University of Toronto was the most productive. Conclusion FUS is an emerging treatment of neurological disorders. With its increasing application, the FUS literature is increasing rapidly. Eleven countries contributed to the top 100 cited articles, with the top 2 countries (the United States and Canada) contributing to more than half of these articles.
High-performance moisture sensors applying dielectric elastomer (2021)

By using a dielectric elastomer (DE) sensor and observing the change in capacitance due to the amount of water, the amount of change in water can be measured more accurately. Further, since it is flexible, it offers excellent wearability as a sensor attached to the body, or is excellent comfort as an unobtrusive sensor attached to a chair. Also, since this sensor does not use metal leads, there is no risk of rust or metal allergies. The principle is simple; the frequency changes due to the change in the capacitance of DE (capacitor), making it is possible to measure moisture by the change. An inexpensive elastomer can be used for the dielectric, and carbon black, CNT, or the like can be used for the stretchable electrode.
Process dependent static cache partitioning for real-time systems (2003)

The author investigates the use of a priori knowledge of program behavior to partition an instruction cache of size C into a static partition of size S and an LRU partition of size C-S. The value of S is task-dependent and is nonzero for most programs running on the system. Example programs are presented, and their behavior in various size caches is discussed. Cache partitions are generated and evaluated to determine the increase in cache performance and predictability. A high-level hardware design is presented that provides the desired partitioning scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The design of high performance asynchronous circuits for the Caltech MiniMIPS processor (1998)

The purpose of this report is to describe the design and implementation of an asynchronous Fetch unit used in the high-performance Caltech MiniMIPS microprocesors. The Caltech MiniMIPS microprocesors was designed based on the Martin synthesis techniques. The main goals of this project were to investigate new architectural issues in asyncronous processor design and to develop new techniques and tools that can meet high throughput requirements.
Fabrication and Experimental Evaluation of a Vascular-Cooled Polymer Matrix Composite Single-Cylinder Engine Block (2022)

&lt;div&gt;Over the proceeding decades, polymer-based materials have become increasingly crucial to modern automobile design due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, ability to be manufactured into complex geometries, corrosion resistance, and high structural damping. However, metals remain the dominant material in internal combustion engines (ICEs) mainly due to the hot temperatures experienced. Polymers are susceptible to softening and even degrading in these hot under-the-hood environments. Here, we apply vascular cooling to an engine block to address this issue. In vascular cooling, a fluid is circulated through a network of small channels manufactured directly into the structural material to regulate its temperature, improving the structural performance for ICE applications. In addition to the standard water jacket already present for engine cooling, vascular cooling of the polymer matrix composite (PMC) is intended to reduce the temperature from approximately 120°C-250°C commonly present in the engine to under 100°C. At these temperatures, the PMC is able to take full advantage of its superior properties to provide substantial improvements to the engine, including reduced mass and radiated noise. In this study, we designed and fabricated a single-cylinder PMC intensive engine block utilizing vascular cooling. The engine block was then tested for over 100 h of durability testing as a component of an operating engine. Results demonstrate normal function of the engine with the PMC block throughout testing, significant reduction in temperature using vascular cooling, and significant reduction in radiated noise.&lt;/div&gt;
Wide Band‐Gap Bismuth‐based p‐Dopants for Opto‐Electronic Applications (2016)

Ten new efficient p-dopants for conductivity doping of organic semiconductors for OLEDs are identified. The key advantage of the electrophilic tris(carboxylato) bismuth(III) compounds is the unique low absorption of the resulting doped layers which promotes the efficiency of OLED devices. The combination of these features with their low fabrication cost, volatility, and stability, make these materials very attractive as dopants in organic electronics.
Using Shortlists to Support Decision Making and Improve Recommender\n System Performance (2015)

In this paper, we study shortlists as an interface component for recommender\nsystems with the dual goal of supporting the user's decision process, as well\nas improving implicit feedback elicitation for increased recommendation\nquality. A shortlist is a temporary list of candidates that the user is\ncurrently considering, e.g., a list of a few movies the user is currently\nconsidering for viewing. From a cognitive perspective, shortlists serve as\ndigital short-term memory where users can off-load the items under\nconsideration -- thereby decreasing their cognitive load. From a machine\nlearning perspective, adding items to the shortlist generates a new implicit\nfeedback signal as a by-product of exploration and decision making which can\nimprove recommendation quality. Shortlisting therefore provides additional data\nfor training recommendation systems without the increases in cognitive load\nthat requesting explicit feedback would incur.\n We perform an user study with a movie recommendation setup to compare\ninterfaces that offer shortlist support with those that do not. From the user\nstudies we conclude: (i) users make better decisions with a shortlist; (ii)\nusers prefer an interface with shortlist support; and (iii) the additional\nimplicit feedback from sessions with a shortlist improves the quality of\nrecommendations by nearly a factor of two.\n
Activation of Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by TLR9 Impairs FcγRII-Mediated Uptake of Immune Complexes and Presentation by MHC Class II (2008)

Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)(2) exploit Ag uptake receptors like CD32a for internalization of exogenous Ags. Activation of pDC by TLR9 ligand CpG-C induces strong maturation. Surprisingly, we observed that CpG-C-stimulated pDCs showed impaired Ag-specific T cell proliferation whereas the induction of allogeneic T cell proliferation was not affected. We demonstrated that signals from TLR9 caused a rapid down-regulation of the capacity of pDC to take-up Ab-Ag complexes without altering their CD32a expression, thus explaining the reduced Ag presentation. The recent contrasting biological responses that were observed upon TLR9 ligation in pDCs prompted us to study the effect of several TLR9 ligands. We observed that type I IFN-inducer CpG-A, localizing in the early endosomal compartment, did not affect CD32a function, whereas CpGs localizing in the late endosomes and inducing pDC maturation clearly inhibited CD32a-mediated Ag uptake and presentation. We conclude that TLR9 ligands not only determine the type of response, i.e., type I IFN production (innate immunity) or maturation (adaptive immunity), but also directly affect Ag presentation capacity of pDCs. We hypothesize that pDC, once activated via TLR9-ligands reaching the late endosomes, can only present initially sampled Ags and thus are protected from uptake and processing of additional potential self-Ags.
Design of InGaN/GaN/AlGaN VCSELs using the effective frequency method (1999)

The effective frequency method is applied to analyze complex optical structures of nitride-based intracavity-contacted VCSELs. Numerical results indicate that higher-order lateral modes would be favored in nitride-based intracavity-contacted VCSELs due to strong current-crowding effect. A semi-transparent contact design is proposed to provide more uniform gain distribution within the active region and maintain lasing in the fundamental lateral mode.
A novel autosomal dominant restless legs syndrome locus maps to chromosome 20p13 (2006)

The authors investigated genetic factors contributing to restless legs syndrome (RLS) by performing a 10-cM genome-wide scan in a large French-Canadian pedigree. They detected an autosomal-dominant locus mapping to chromosome 20p13, with a maximum multipoint lod score of 3.86 at marker D20S849. This is the third reported autosomal-dominant locus for RLS and the first autosomal-dominant RLS locus in the French-Canadian population.
Studies of heterocyclic compounds. Part XIII. Pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole thioaldehydes: synthesis and spectral studies (1973)

Pyrrolo[2,1 -b]thiazole-5- and 7-thiocarbaldehydes, a class of stable heterocyclic thioaldehydes, have been synthesised by a modification of the Vilsmeier reaction. 6-Methyl- and 2,3,6-trimethylpyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-[2H]-thiocarbaldehyde have been obtained by using [2H7]dimethylformamide in the Vilsmeier reaction. 1H N.m.r. spectral data for the thioaldehydes in CDCl3 are recorded. Restricted rotation about the ring–CHS bond was detected in 6-methyl-, 2,6-dimethyl-, and 6,7-dimethyl-pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-thiocarbaldehyde, by using the change in shape of the 3-H and CHS signals with temperature as a probe. The coalescence temperatures for solutions in (CD3)2SO lie in the range 78–86°. 1H N.m.r. spectral data indicate that pyrrolo[2,1 -b]thiazole-5-thiocarbaldehydes exist either in a syn-configuration (6-methyl-, 2,6-dimethyl-, 6,7-dimethyl-, and 3-methyl-6-t-butyl-) or in an anti-configuration (3,6-dimethyl- and 2,3,6-trimethyl-), and that the 7-thiocarbaldehydes exist in a syn-configuration. Normal ranges for the thioformyl proton chemical shifts are: 5-syn CHS, δ 10·2–10·4; 5-anti CHS, 11·0–11·1; 7-syn CHS, 10·5–10·8 p.p.m. The preparation of some new pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles is described.
Three-layer model for exchange anisotropy (2002)

Recent x-ray absorption measurements have indicated that the interface between the antiferromagnetic (AF) and the ferromagnetic (FM) layers in AF/FM bilayers instead of being abrupt, consists of a thin layer with uncompensated spins. Here the effect of an interfacial layer between the AF and FM layers on the ferromagnetic resonance response is investigated using a three-layer model for the exchange anisotropy. The calculated dependence of the resonance field with the azimuthal angle of the in-plane external field agrees quite well with experimental data in several samples, lending support to the existence of the uncompensated interfacial layer.
GapFinder: Finding Inconsistency of Security Information From Unstructured Text (2020)

Textual data mining of open source intelligence on the Web has become an increasingly important topic across a wide range of domains such as business, law enforcement, military, and cybersecurity. Text mining efforts utilize natural language processing to transform unstructured web content into structured forms that can drive various machine learning applications and data indexing services. For example, applications for text mining in cybersecurity have produced a range of threat intelligence services that serve the IT industry. However, a less studied problem is that of automating the identification of semantic inconsistencies among various text input sources. In this paper, we introduce GapFinder, a new inconsistency checking system for identifying semantic inconsistencies within the cybersecurity domain. Specifically, we examine the problem of identifying technical inconsistencies that arise in the functional descriptions of open source malware threat reporting information. Our evaluation, using tens of thousands of relations derived from web-based malware threat reports, demonstrates the ability of GapFinder to identify the presence of inconsistencies.
Design, fabrication, and metrology of 10 × 100 multi-planar integrated photonic routing manifolds for neural networks (2018)

We design, fabricate, and characterize integrated photonic routing manifolds with 10 inputs and 100 outputs using two vertically integrated planes of silicon nitride waveguides. We analyze manifolds via top-view camera imaging. This measurement technique allows the rapid acquisition of hundreds of precise transmission measurements. We demonstrate manifolds with uniform and Gaussian power distribution patterns with mean power output errors (averaged over 10 sets of 10 inputs) of 0.7 and 0.9 dB, respectively, establishing this as a viable architecture for precision light distribution on-chip. We also assess the performance of the passive photonic elements comprising the system via self-referenced test structures, including high-dynamic-range beam taps, waveguide cutback structures, and waveguide crossing arrays.
Raman amplification: Key enabler for next-generation flexible optical networks? (2017)

The ever-increasing demand for capacity in optical networks is driving the development of transponders capable of achieving spectral efficiencies of up to 8 bit/s/Hz using advanced modulation formats and coherent-detection. However, operating at the highest spectral efficiency is accomplished at the expense of shorter transparent reach, potentially requiring the deployment of additional expensive optical signal regenerators (3Rs). This limitation can be mitigated to a certain extent by exploiting enhanced optical amplification strategies, such as Raman amplification. Interestingly, the prevalent paradigm of only using Raman amplification in the longer fibre spans of long-haul networks may be on the verge of being challenged. This paper provides insight on the potential of Raman amplification in next-generation flexible optical networks by showing the network-level benefit provided by Raman amplification when transmitting a wide assortment of channel formats in meshed optical networks.
REVEAL‐1, a phase 2 dose regimen optimization study of vosaroxin in older poor‐risk patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukaemia (2014)

This phase 2 study (N = 116) evaluated single-agent vosaroxin, a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative, in patients ≥60 years of age with previously untreated unfavourable prognosis acute myeloid leukaemia. Dose regimen optimization was explored in sequential cohorts (A: 72 mg/m(2) d 1, 8, 15; B: 72 mg/m(2) d 1, 8; C: 72 mg/m(2) or 90 mg/m(2) d 1, 4). The primary endpoint was combined complete remission rate (complete remission [CR] plus CR with incomplete platelet recovery [CRp]). Common (>20%) grade ≥3 adverse events were thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia, anaemia, neutropenia, sepsis, pneumonia, stomatitis and hypokalaemia. Overall CR and CR/CRp rates were 29% and 32%; median overall survival (OS) was 7·0 months; 1-year OS was 34%. Schedule C (72 mg/m(2) ) had the most favourable safety and efficacy profile, with faster haematological recovery (median 27 d) and lowest incidence of aggregate sepsis (24%) and 30-d (7%) and 60-d (17%) all-cause mortality; at this dose and schedule, CR and CR/CRp rates were 31% and 35%, median OS was 7·7 months and 1-year OS was 38%. Overall, vosaroxin resulted in low early mortality and an encouraging response rate; vosaroxin 72 mg/m(2) d 1, 4 is recommended for further study in this population. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov: #NCT00607997.
Design and Simulation of a CMOS Slew-Rate Enhanced OTA to Drive Heavy Capacitive Loads (2018)

Flicker noise is one of the main noise contributors in CMOS Image Sensors. After great effort from universities and industry in reducing thermal noise, in modern CMOS imagers the bottleneck in achieving lower noise performance is now flicker noise. This paper presents a new method to reduce the flicker noise contribution in the overall sensor noise budget by means of reducing the time for Double Sampling, so that it more effectively filters the flicker noise spectrum introduced by the pixel source follower amplifier. In addition, this paper also proposes a way to promote and ensure no column induced lag from column readout circuitry through strong and stable references. The proposed amplifier circuit buffers the reference voltage while Double Sampling operation performed in the analogue domain, is taking place. It not only shortens the time between samples, but also reduces the current consumption, reducing part of the sensor power heat dissipation. Finally, the proposed architecture can be used in different applications where high resolution and stable references are needed, e.g. to supply the references for massive column parallel analogue circuits which are typical in modern CMOS Image Sensor designs. The design and simulation of the proposed high Slew-Rate driver circuit are verified with a circuit containing 3000 readout columns.
Supplemental figure 1 from High-dose per Fraction Radiotherapy Induces Both Antitumor Immunity and Immunosuppressive Responses in Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental 1. RT 2x 8Gy inhibited tumor growth in MycCap animals&lt;/p&gt;
Jet-Printed Active-Matrix Backplanes and Electrophoretic Displays (2007)

The fabrication of large-area electronics, such as active-matrix pixel circuits in flat-panel displays, is becoming increasingly challenging. Particularly for applications such as electronic paper, flexibility of the display and fabrication at extremely low cost is important. Therefore, novel fabrication methods have to be explored. We have developed jet-printing technology to fabricate active-matrix backplanes for paper-like electrophoretic displays. In three approaches we implement several stages of evolution of the printing technology. First, the photolithographic patterning of photoresist used in conventional fabrication is replaced by digital printing of a wax etch mask. Second, the amorphous silicon semiconductor for the thin-film-transistors is replaced with a printed organic semiconductor. Third, the active-matrix pixel circuit is fabricated in an all-additive printing process. In order to test our backplanes we are developing electrophoretic display media. The media is based on microfabricated cell-structures which contain the electrophoretic ink. Particularly for flexible displays, the cells have to be individually sealed and several methods are being explored.
Classification of platelet aggregates by intelligent imaging flow cytometry (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Platelets participate in both physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis by forming aggregates activated by various agonists. However, it has been considered impossible to identify the stimuli and classify the aggregates. Here we present an intelligent method for classifying platelet aggregates by agonist type based on the combination of high-throughput imaging flow cytometry and a convolutional neural network. It morphologically identifies the contributions of different agonists to platelet aggregation with high accuracy. The method is a powerful tool for studying the underlying mechanism of platelet aggregation and is expected to develop a new class of clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
Stabilization Factor of Anion-Excess Fluorite Phase for Fast Anion Conduction (2021)

Anion-excess fluorite is a unique structure type of inorganic crystals and is well known as an appropriate crystal structure for fast anion conduction. In particular, the introduction of excess anion and charged defect by chemical doping significantly enhances the conductivity. However, the clustering of dopants and defects is the main obstacle for further enhancement of conductivity. We investigated the pressure–chemical composition phase diagram of the LaHO–LaH3 system, in which the highly H– conducting LaH1+2xO1–x phase with the anion-excess fluorite structure appears. The sample at x = 0 crystallizes in a distorted fluorite structure with a monoclinic symmetry. For 0 < x ≤ 1, the fluorite lattice is maintained while H– and O2– ions are disordered at the regular anion position of fluorite, and an excess H– is distributed at the interstitial site. Comparing the phase diagram and crystal structure with those of the La–F–O, Y–H–O, and Y–F–O systems, we found that the large radius ratio of cations and anions in LaH1+2xO1–x alleviates the intrinsic Coulomb repulsion between the anions at regular positions in fluorite and the interstitial atoms. This is crucial in stabilizing the anion-excess fluorite structure without forming defect clustering and enabling fast anion conduction. These results provided guidelines for avoiding cluster formation and achieving higher conductivity in the fluorite structure.