gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Polyether Sulfone Dialyzers Attenuate Passage of Cytokine- Inducing Substances from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Contaminated Dialysate (1998)

The use of bicarbonate dialysate and high-flux and reprocessed dialyzers has raised concerns about the reverse transfer of dialysate contaminants into the blood compartment. This in vitro study was performed to investigate the reverse transfer of soluble Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial products across a polyether sulfone (PES), a newly developed synthetic polymer dialyzer. In vitro dialysis was carried out at 37 degreesC in a closed countercurrent recirculating loop dialysis circuit with a new PES dialyzer. An equal mixture of heparinized whole blood (from healthy volunteers) with pyrogen-free tissue culture medium was circulated in the blood compartment, and bicarbonate dialysate was circulated in the dialysate compartment. After 15 min of dialysis, the dialysate was challenged sequentially with 10(-4), 10(-3), and 10(-2) dilutions of a P. aeruginosa culture supernatant. 1-ml samples were drawn from the blood compartment 5 and 15 min after each challenge and incubated upright at 37 degrees C. At the end of 24 h, Triton X-100 was added, in order to extract total interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-8 production by the whole-blood mixture. These cytokines were measured by electrochemiluminescence assays. At dilutions of 10(-4) and 10(-3), the reverse transfer of soluble bacterial products across the dialyzer was negligible. Five and 15 min after contaminating the dialysate with the highest concentration (10(-2) dilution), the increase in IL-6 production was 239 +/- 170% (p = 0.06) and 886 +/- 444% (p = 0.02), respectively. However, comparing the IL-6-inducing potency of the 10(-2) bacterial supernatant dilution to the spontaneous IL-6 production in the blood compartment during dialysis with the same dilution of dialysate contaminant, there was a dramatic reduction in IL-6 production by 94 and 89% at 5 and 15 min, respectively. Similarly, 5 and 15 min after contaminating the dialysate with the 10(-2) dilution, the increase in IL-8 production was 357 +/- 147% (p = 0.07) and 630 +/- 229% (p = 0.04), respectively. However, comparing the IL-8-inducing potency of the 10(-2) bacterial supernatant dilution to the spontaneous IL-8 production in the blood compartment during dialysis with the same dilution of dialysate contaminant, there was a dramatic reduction in IL-8 production by 93 and 92% at 5 and 15 min, respectively. These results demonstrate that PES dialyzers markedly attenuate passage of cytokine-inducing substances from contaminated dialysate, using a method that detects the entire cytokine synthetic output in the blood compartment.
Bluetongue control using vaccines: experience of the Mediterranean islands. (2010)

Following the emergence of bluetongue (BT) virus serotype 2 on the island of Corsica in 2000, annual monovalent vaccination campaigns of the ovine population were conducted between 2001 and 2003. Despite vaccination, outbreaks were reported from several areas in 2001, but since November 2001, the absence of clinical cases in Corsica proves that vaccination is effective. This experience in Corsica is examined and, using available data, compared to the situation and the vaccination strategies on other Mediterranean islands. In light of the expansion of a new serotype of BTV onto these islands, a Mediterranean information network for BT and other emerging diseases is proposed.
Measuring arrestin binding to G Protein Coupled Receptors: BRET and recruitment assays tell different stories. (2010)

In mammals, visual (Arr1) and cone arrestin (Arr4) target activated photoreceptors, whereas ubiquitous arrestin2 and 3 (Arr2 and Arr3) regulate non‐visual GPCRs. We explored the interaction of Arr1, 2 and 3 with the M1–M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1/M2AChR) and the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) by direct visualization of arrestin recruitment and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Venus‐tagged arrestins were expressed in HEK‐293 cells and imaged after agonist stimulation of co‐transfected M1AChR, M2AChR or β2AR. The formation of puncta corresponding to the receptor‐arrestin complexes recruited to coated pits was observed for M1AChR and β2AR with Arr3, but not Arr1. For BRET assays, the same receptors fused with Renilla luciferase 8 (RLuc8) were co‐expressed in COS‐7 cells with increasing amounts of Venus‐tagged arrestins. In contrast to recruitment assays, all three arrestins yielded saturable BRET signals with near‐identical profiles. Considering that measured affinity of Arr2 and Arr3 for M2AChR or β2AR is much higher than that of Arr1, our results suggest that BRET is less sensitive to differences in receptor preference of arrestins than recruitment assays. NIH grants GM077561, GM081756 (VVG), MH073676 (PJC), and F32 MH087039 (GJD)
PRODUCTION OF REFINED CAROTENE‐RICH PALM OIL FROM PALM MESOCARP (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) USING SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (2007)

ABSTRACT Simultaneous extraction, degumming and deacidification of palm oil directly from palm mesocarp using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) were carried out. The temperatures and pressures used were 40–80C and 18–30 MPa, respectively. The degummed and deacidified palm oil produced from the process meets the specifications of refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil of Malaysian standard, with added value in its carotene content . The recovery of the refined palm oil was 52.8–74.0% based on the total hexane extractable material. Other palm minor components such as vitamin E, phytosterols and squalene were preserved in the refined SC‐CO 2 ‐extracted carotene‐rich palm oil. The solubility of triacylglycerols (TGs), distribution coefficient of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the separation factor of FFAs and TGs of palm oil in SC‐CO 2 are discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The study provides an alternative processing method for palm oil extraction and refining industries. The same principles could be applied to oilseed processing such as soybean and rapeseed oils. The separation factors of free fatty acids (FFAs)/triacylglycerols and the distribution coefficient of FFAs are useful data for process modeling. The extractability and extraction patterns of palm minor components in the mesocarp provide an insight for the recovery of these valuable functional components from palm oil.
LLR Calculation Based on Interference Cancelation with Channel Estimation Error for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (2014)

Non-orthogonal multiple access improves spectral efficiency through sharing the same frequency resource with multiple wireless terminals. In previous researches, it has been shown that a log likelihood ratio (LLR) calculated from a signal on the sharing spectrum should be masked to zero if the power of an interference signal is stronger than that of a desired signal. This implies that the spectrum is not shared by the terminal receiving the weaker signal. In this paper, a spectrum sharing scheme with the use of interference cancelation and LLR calculation on the basis of the probability density function of residual interference is proposed. The residual interference remains owing to a channel estimation error and the LLR calculation takes that into account. Numerical results obtained thorough computer simulation show that the proposed scheme improves the performance by 1 dB with ideal channel estimation and 2 dB with channel estimation error at the BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> as compared to that with a conventional LLR calculation scheme.
Polymerization of propene with zirconocene‐containing supported catalysts activated by common trialkylaluminiums (1993)

Abstract This paper reports on propene polymerization conducted with modified Kaminsky‐type catalysts activated by common alkylaluminiums. Several kinds of heterogeneous catalysts containing zirconocene were prepared by supporting Et[IndH 4 ] 2 ZrCl 2 , iPr(Flu)(Cp)ZrCl 2 and Cp 2 ZrCl 2 on A1 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MgO, MgCl 2 , MgF 2 , CaF 2 and AlF 2 using an impregnation method. When Al 2 O 3 , MgCl 2 , MgF 2 , CaF 2 and AlF 3 were used as carriers, the resulting catalysts were easily activated by common trialkylaluminiums to give isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic polypropene in fairly good yields, whereas the other supported catalysts, combined with common trialkylaluminiums, did not show any polymerization activity. However, highly active catalysts were obtained by supporting the zirconocene compound on SiO 2 that had been reacted with a small amount of methylaluminoxane. The use of C1‐containing alkylaluminiums always killed the catalyst activity.
Rapamycin-inspired macrocycles with new target specificity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Rapamycin and FK506 are macrocyclic natural products with an extraordinary mode of action, in which they form binary complexes with FK506-binding protein (FKBP) through a shared FKBP-binding domain before forming ternary complexes with their respective targets, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and calcineurin, respectively. Inspired by this, we sought to build a rapamycin-like macromolecule library to target new cellular proteins by replacing the effector domain of rapamycin with a combinatorial library of oligopeptides. We developed a robust macrocyclization method using ring-closing metathesis and synthesized a 45,000-compound library of hybrid macrocycles (named rapafucins) using optimized FKBP-binding domains. Screening of the rapafucin library in human cells led to the discovery of rapadocin, an inhibitor of nucleoside uptake. Rapadocin is a potent, isoform-specific and FKBP-dependent inhibitor of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and is efficacious in an animal model of kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury. Together, these results demonstrate that rapafucins are a new class of chemical probes and drug leads that can expand the repertoire of protein targets well beyond mTOR and calcineurin.&lt;/p&gt;
Stochastic Metholodgy Shows Molecular Interactions Protect 2D Polaritons (2023)

We introduce stochastic techniques that enable the simulations of polaritons resulting from placing giant 2D molecular aggregate crystals with $10^8$ interacting excitonic dyes in realistic multi-mode cavities. We show that the intermolecular coupling protects the formation of polariton states in the face of strong molecular disorder due to persistent delocalization of the dark molecular states. This demonstrates the nontrivial role of internal aggregate Hamiltonian in polariton properties, and the new computational method opens horizons for stochastic simulations of related systems.
Gas‐Generating, pH‐Responsive Calcium Carbonate Hybrid Particles with Biomimetic Coating for Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging (2020)

Abstract This work reports the fabrication of biocompatible and pH‐sensitive hybrid polydopamine/bovine serum albumin/calcium carbonate (PDA/BSA/CaCO 3 ) particles via a rapid precipitation method. These hybrid particles generate hyperechogenic carbon dioxide bubbles upon exposure to low pH environments, making them ideal as a contrast agent and detector for tumor cells. This study also highlights the application of red blood cell membrane (RBC)‐derived membranes as a biomimetic coating for PDA/BSA/CaCO 3 hybrid particles in order to modulate protein corona formation, a natural physiological response that alters tailored properties of most nanomaterials that are administered systemically. Results of this work demonstrate that the RBC membrane‐coated hybrid particles are ideal for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as noninvasive multimodal imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and “personalized” drug delivery systems.
Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated from humans between 2003 and 2008 in northern Vietnam (2010)

Vietnam is one of the countries most affected by highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viruses. To evaluate the potential pathogenicity in mammals of H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in Vietnam, we determined the sequences of all eight genes of 22 human isolates collected between 2003 and 2008 and compared their virulence in mice. The isolates were classified into clade 1 and clade 2.3.4 and differed in pathogenicity for mice. Whilst lysine at position 627 of PB2 (PB2-627K) is a critical virulence determinant for clade 2.3.4 viruses, asparagine at position 701 of PB2 and other unknown virulence determinants appear to be involved in the high pathogenicity of clade 1 viruses, warranting further studies to determine the factors responsible for the high virulence of H5N1 viruses in mammals.
Scalability and Satisfiability of Quality-of-Information in Wireless Networks (2017)

Quality of information (QoI) provides a context-dependent measure of the utility that a network delivers to its users by incorporating non-traditional information attributes. Quickly and easily predicting performance and limitations of a network using QoI metrics is a valuable tool for network design. Even more useful is an understanding of how network components like topology, bandwidth, and protocols, impact these limitations. In this paper, we develop a QoI-based framework that can provide accurate estimates for limitations on network size and achievable QoI requirements, focusing on completeness and timeliness. We extend this framework to model competing flows and data loads as random variables to capture the stochastic nature of real networks. We show that our framework can provide a characterization of delays for satisfied queries to further analyze performance when some late arrivals are acceptable. Analysis shows that the large tradeoffs exist between network parameters, such as QoI requirements, topology, and network size. Simulation results also provide evidence that the developed framework can estimate network limits and delays with high accuracy. Finally, this paper also introduces scalably feasible QoI regions, which provide upper bounds on QoI requirements that can be supported for certain network applications.
Practical Platform for Nanophotonics with Refractory Plasmonic Metal Nitrides and Transparent Conducting Oxides (2015)

Advances in alternative plasmonic materials, specifically CMOS-­-compatible materials including refractory transition metal nitrides and transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), have propelled a new generation of nanophotonic devices for applications in on-­-chip optics, data storage, and energy conversion. As a plasmonic component, gold (Au) or silver (Ag) have some of drawbacks such as difficulty in fabricating ultrathin films, incompatibility with well-­-established processes for silicon-­-based products and lack of tunability, preventing them to be realized as practical devices in the telecommunication range. One potential transition metal nitride is titanium nitride (TiN), with a permittivity cross-­-over near 500 nm. TiN can attain ultra-­-thin, ultra-­-smooth epitaxial films on substrates such as c-­-sapphire, MgO, and silicon. Partnering TiN with CMOS-­-compatible silicon nitride enables a fully solid-­-state waveguide which is able to achieve a propagation length greater than 1 cm for a ~8 μm mode size at 1.55 μm. In fact, designs using TiN have outperformed similarly structured gold waveguides due in large part to the reduced scattering loss of epitaxial quality films.
MBE growth and digital etch of GaSb/InAs nanowires on Si for logic applications (2017)

The 6.1 Å III–V “high-mobility” semiconductor family includes materials with beneficial transport properties of both electrons and holes (InAs, GaSb), which are appealing for fast and low-power complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor applications. Yet their large lattice mismatch with Si (∼12%) results in three dimensional island nucleation and therefore growth defects. The solution for deposition of this high mismatch material is the growth of the entire device from a single nucleus, such as in vertical nanowires. Two types of GaSb nanowires (NWs) are demonstrated on a Si(111) substrate: vertically stacked InAs/GaSb NWs and coaxial core/shell NWs. This paper summarizes surface preparation, growth conditions, and postprocessing steps which can be used to create nanowires with small enough diameters for use as logic devices.
Wireless Power Transfer of Passive UHF RFID Uplink in the Case of Tags Network (2021)

The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is evolving strongly with the emergence of cognitive sensor networks and notably the Internet of Things. A significant indicator of this evolution is that the tags are equipped with new capabilities and functions such as more powerful sensors, actuators, etc. This evolution of the RFID requires more energy consumption, and the continued passive nature of tags could be threated. Indeed, the tag needs more and more energy, and the energy received from the only reader can be insufficient. To address this issue, the proposed concept is to exploit the reflected energy by the tags near to the “target” tag. In this paper, we develop the associated theory for far-field conditions. The theoretical development is illustrated and the impact of the relative position between the tags on the total energy captured by the “target” tag is emphasized.
2P-508 : 3DOM 폴리이미드 분리막이 도입된 표면 마이크로 패턴 리튬 금속 전지의 수명 특성 분석 (2019)

리튬 금속 덴드라이트에 의한 지속적인 전해질 소모는 리튬 금속 음극 기반 전지의 급격한 수명 특성 저하를 야기한다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해, 본 연구 그룹의 이전 연구인 표면 마이크로 패턴 리튬 금속에 3차원 제어된 미세 다공성 폴리이미드(3DOM PI) 분리막을 적용함으로써 이온분배를 균일하게 하고 덴드라이트를 억제하고자 하였다. NMC622/3DOM PI 분리막/패턴화된 리튬 금속으로 구성된 코인셀을 제작하여 높은 전류밀도로(2.5mA cm-2) 수명특성 평가 진행하였으며 500회 충방전 후에도 80%의 초기 방전용량을 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. 반면에, 동일 조건에서 폴리에틸렌 분리막을 사용한 코인셀의 경우 200회 충방전 이후부터 급격하게 성능이 저하되었다. 이러한 성능 개선은 3DOM PI와 마이크로 패턴 리튬 금속의 시너지 효과로 미세 패턴 내로 알맞은 리튬 흐름을 유도할 뿐만 아니라 패턴 외부의 리튬 표면 영역에서도 리튬 이온의 균일한 흐름을 형성하여 나타난 효과로 여겨진다.
Simultaneous distillation-extraction: from birth to maturity?review (2001)

Together with a brief history of the development of simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE), this review intends to provide the reader with practical guidelines that can be drawn from the literature, and to help the analyst in the choice of optimum experimental conditions adapted to a given sample preparation problem. This paper starts from the original apparatus of Likens and Nickerson, includes designs for micro-scale experiments, and ends up with the version operating under vacuum, and another for large-scale operations. The question of artifact formation is covered, together with proposed solutions for their prevention. Examples are given from applications in the field of flavours, fragrances and the environment. To better illustrate capabilities and limits of SDE, comparisons of SDE with other techniques of sample preparation are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five-year survival and durability results of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)

Key Points A total of 38% of patients who achieved CR (13 of 34) on brentuximab vedotin have remained in remission for &gt;5 years and may be cured. Nine of the 13 patients (9% of all enrolled patients) have remained in long-term remission without a consolidative allogeneic transplant.
Secure biometrics (2005)

In this paper, we extend the information theoretic secure constructions for biometrics to the computational setting. Based on semantically secure encryption, we introduce robust, fully private and secure biometric key distillation and verification. Our model incorporates an adversary with side information who has access to a database with reference information. Even though our schemes are based on a master key, no master key needs to be stored in biometric sensors. In our scheme it is possible to derive a polynomial number of keys from a single biometric and we show how to renew keys in a secure and private way without additional interaction with the user. Previous work considers unconditional secure key distillation which can at most reach partial (information theoretic) privacy and which can only lead to a small number of keys for each biometric.
Integration of wastewater treatment into process design of lignocellulosic biorefineries for improved economic viability (2020)

It is concluded that wastewater treatment technologies should be better integrated with conversion process design and feedstock production. Efforts to recycle resources throughout the biofuel supply chain through application of ecosystem services provided by adjacent feedstock plantations and recovery of resources from the waste stream to reduce overall capital and operating costs of bioconversion facilities.
Inhibition of osteoclast activities by SCPC bioceramic promotes osteoblast‐mediated graft resorption and osteogenic differentiation (2021)

Maximizing vital bone in a grafted site is dependent on a number of factors. These include resorption or turnover of the graft material, stimulation of bone formation pathway without a need for biological molecules added to the site and inhibition of cellular activities that compromise the mineralization of new bone matrix. In the present study, the dissolution profile of silica-calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) in physiological solution was measured and the data were fed to (ANN-NARX) prediction model to predict the time required for complete dissolution. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer ionic composition analysis of the culture medium incubated for 3 days with SCPC showed 57% decrease in Ca concentration and a significant increase in the concentration of Si (13.5 ± 1.8 μg/ml), P (249.4 ± 22 μg/ml), and Na (9.3 ± 0.52 μg/ml). In conjunction with the release of Si, P, and Na ions, the bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts was inhibited as indicated by the significant decrease in multinucleated tartrate resistant acidic phosphate stained cells and the volume of resorption pits on bone slices. In contrast, addition of SCPC to hBMSC cultured in conventional medium promoted higher Runt-related transcription factor 2 (p < .05), osteocalcin (p < .01), and bone sialo protein (p < .01) than that expressed by control cells grown in the absence of SCPC. The predicted dissolution time of 200 mg of porous SCPC particles in 10 ml phosphate buffered saline is 6.9 months. An important byproduct of the dissolution is inhibition of osteoclastic activity and promotion of osteoblastic differentiation and hence bone formation.
Characterization of Non-Uniform 2-bit Sigma-Delta Modulator for Gamma-Ray Detectors (2019)

To reduce the complexity of the front-end electronics of systems with large number of channels, we have proposed a novel analog-to-digital conversion method based on non-uniform 2-bit sigma-delta modulation. The proposed method simplifies the data acquisition for gamma-ray detectors that require waveform capture to perform analyses such as pile-up detection, pulse-shape discrimination, and maximum-likelihood energy and timing estimation. The modulator consists of an integrator, three comparators with programmable thresholds, one R-2R ladder digital-to-analog converter, and a field-programmable gate array. We have designed a nine-channel front-end board based on a combination of 1-bit SDM for energy estimation, and 2-bit SDM for timing estimation and waveform analysis. In this work, we present the characterization of the non-uniform 2-bit sigma-delta modulator for gamma-ray detection. The metrics utilized to measure performance are integral non-linearity, differential non-linearity, and timing resolution.