gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the Differentiation of Dendritic Cells From CD34+ Progenitors by Tumor Cells: Role of Interleukin-6 and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (1998)

The escape of malignant cells from the immune response against the tumor may result from a defective differentiation or function of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), ie, dendritic cells (DC). To test this hypothesis, the effect of human renal cell carcinoma cell lines (RCC) on the development of DC from CD34+progenitors was investigated in vitro. RCC cell lines were found to release soluble factors that inhibit the differentiation of CD34+ cells into DC and trigger their commitment towards monocytic cells (CD14+CD64+CD1a−CD86−CD80−HLA-DRlow) with a potent phagocytic capacity but lacking APC function. RCC CM were found to act on the two distinct subpopulations emerging in the culture at day 6 ([CD14+CD1a−] and [CD14−CD1a+]) by inhibiting the differentiation into DC of [CD14+CD1a−] precursors and blocking the acquisition of APC function of the [CD14−CD1a+] derived DC. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were found to be responsible for this phenomenon: antibodies against IL-6 and M-CSF abrogated the inhibitory effects of RCC CM; and recombinant IL-6 and/or M-CSF inhibited the differentiation of DC similarly to RCC CM. The inhibition of DC differentiation by RCC CM was preceeded by an induction of M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR; CD115) and a loss of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor  (GM-CSFR; CD116) expression at the surface of CD34+cells, two phenomenon reversed by anti–IL-6/IL-6R and anti–M-CSF antibodies, respectively. Finally, a panel of tumor cell lines producing IL-6 and M-CSF induced similar effects. Taken together, the results suggest that the inhibition of DC development could represent a frequent mechanism by which tumor cells will escape immune recognition.
High Capacity Ultralong-Haul Power Efficient Transmission Using 12-Core Fiber (2016)

We use multicore fiber to demonstrate power efficient, high capacity ultralong-haul spatial division multiplexing (SDM) transmission. Feasibility of 105.1 Tb/s transmission over 14,350 km in a 12-core fiber is shown using a power efficient modulation format and an optimized optical system design. Pump power equivalent to a single 800 mW laser is used to provide amplification for all 12 SDM paths.
Cycloaddition Reactions of 1-Aza- and 1,3-Diazaazulenium 1-Methylides (2006)

2-Chloro-, 2-methoxy-, and 2-amino-1-azaazulenium 1-methylides and 1,3-diazaazulenium 1-methylide were generated by the treatment of the corresponding 1-trimethylsilylmethyl-1-azaazulenium triflates and 1-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-diazaazulenium triflate with CsF; the triflates were prepared from the corresponding 1-azaazulenes and 1,3-diazaazulene with trimethylsilylmethyl triflate.The 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of the 2-chloro-1-azazaazulenium 1-methylide, prepared in situ, with acetylenic esters gave 2a-azabenz[cd]azulene derivatives and 3a-azacyclopenta[a]naphthalene derivatives as major products, whereas 2-piperizino-1-azaazulenium 1-methylide underwent extended dipolar cycloaddition with acetylenic esters and afforded 9b-azacyclopent[a]azulene derivatives as major products.
Determination of Non-Stoichiometric Composition of Complex Carbon-Nitrides in Steel by Measuring Plasmon Energy (1996)

The non-stoichiometry of carbides and carbo-nitrides in Ti and Ti & Nb bearing ultra low carbon steels is studied using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and plasmon energy (Ep) measured with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) in a Field-Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM). We have examined Ep of carbides and carbo-nitrides in order to determine their compositions. The X values in precipitates identified as TiCx and (Ti,Nb)Cx were 0.82∼0.87, 0.87∼0.89 and 0.90∼0.91 in 0.04mass%, 0.08mass%Ti and 0.10mass%Ti & 0.01mass%Nb-bearing steels, respectively. It can be seen that the X values in TiCx and (Ti,Nb)Cx approach 1 as the metallic concentration in the steels is increased. The atomic ratio of Ti/Nb in (Ti,Nb)Cx precipitates was 90/10. The size of the carbides was between 20 and 70 nm, but Ep has no dependence on the size of the precipitates.We have also quantified the (Ti,Nb)(C,N)x precipitates in the 0.10mass%Ti & 0.01mass%Nb-bearing steel. The atomic ratio of Ti/Nb and C/N is 90/10 ∼ 95/5 and 0.35/0.65, and the X value of (Ti,Nb)(C,N)x is estimated as about 0.85∼0.90.
Urology in the desert 2000: highlights from the 76th annual meeting of the Western section american urological association. (2001)

The 76th Western Section American Urological Association Annual Meeting was held this year in Palm Desert, Calif., from November 5 to 9, at the Marriott Desert Springs Resort. Medical students, residents, physicians, scientists, and urologists attended to listen to entries presented by speakers from all over the United States, Canada, and Australia. In all, 250 abstracts were presented in 12 sessions, including an audiovisual session mostly devoted to laparoscopy.
Suppression of inflammation and acquired immunity by IL‐37 (2017)

IL-37 is a unique member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which functions as a natural suppressor of inflammatory and immune responses. Immune and non-immune cells produce IL-37 precursor following pro-inflammatory stimuli. Following activating cleavage by caspase-1, mature IL-37 translocates to the nucleus, where it suppresses transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Both precursor and mature IL-37 are also secreted in the extracellular space, where they bind IL-18Rα and recruit the IL-1R8 (formerly TIR8 or SIGIRR), which transduces anti-inflammatory signals by suppressing NF-kB and MAPK and by activating Mer-PTEN-DOK pathways. During inflammation, IL-37 restores the metabolism of the cell by reducing succinate, inhibiting mTOR, and activating AMPK. Transgenic mice expressing human IL-37 and wild type mice treated with recombinant human IL-37 are protected from several experimental models of inflammation, including endotoxin shock, colitis, lung and spinal cord injury, coronary artery disease, arthritis and inflammation-induced fatigue, while also exhibiting reduced adaptive immune responses. In humans, IL-37 likely functions to limit excessive inflammation: accordingly, IL-37 levels are abnormal in patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the discovery and biology of IL-37, and discuss the potential for development of this cytokine as a therapeutic agent.
Optimisation of Acetic Acid Lignofibre Organosolv Process (2015)

Birch wood chips were cooked in acetic acid in the presence of phosphinic acid according to the Lignofibre (LGF) organosolv process. The cooking trials were performed according to an experimental design with process time, temperature, and the presence (or absence) of alkaline preextraction as the factors. Delignification was enhanced by increased temperature and alkaline pre-extraction. Alkaline extraction also limited xylose hydrolysis, as well as the further degradation of xylose into furfural. Degradation and condensation reactions began to take place between dissolved carbohydrates and lignin at higher temperatures and longer cooking times. Formation of pseudolignin, most likely because of reactions between lignin and furfural, was also observed under the harshest cooking conditions. To avoid these unwanted side-reactions, minimise viscosity losses, and preserve the yield, the LGF process time should be limited to 3 to 4 h at 150 C.
Parametric analysis of cerebral ischemia with contrast enhanced ultrasound and comparision with histology in an experimental stroke model (2006)

Background: Modern ultrasound imaging modes allow to image brain perfusion with the help of echocontrast agents. The mode of continuous infusion uses the high-pulse destruction of echo contrast agents and monitors the replenishment into cerebral capillaries. We compared the value of a planimetric and a parametric analysing mode with an automated pixel analysis programme (MCE 2.9.3, Jabko Inc.) to detect perfusion defects in an experimental stroke model. Methods: In 6 rats cerebral perfusion defects were measured after craniectomy with the pulse inversion imaging mode 24 hours after induction of cerebral ischemia by the filament model. The replenishment of cerebral capillaries was measured with increasing pulsing intervals from 0,15 to 15 seconds. The region lacking any intact microcirculation was determined by planimetry of the area lacking opacification at the longest pulsing intervals. Secondly, automated pixel intensity threshold analysis (PITA) was used which displays only pixels that do not exceed a priori defined ratios of the lowest intensity on parametric flow pictures. Histology was performed with 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid to stain for infarcted areas on the sonographic level. Results: Increasing the threshold from 1% to 10% of minimal intensity resulted in an enlargement of the computer-determined region of relative hypoperfusion. The selection of a minimum pixel threshold of 5% of minimum resulted in a mean area of 18.3%±5.7%. There was also a close correlation between PITA using a 5% threshold and the region determined by subjective planimetry from averaged frames with the longest PI with a mean size of 18.3%±6.2%. Intra- and interobserver variability were low (SEE=0.02 for all error measurements, r values >0.97). Conclusion: The extent of cerebral ischemia measured by the planimetric approach corresponds well with the the observed-independent PITA analysis of parametric pictures. Automated analysis of ultrasound perfusion maps enable to give a good prediction of cerebral infarction in focal cerebral ischemia.
Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy (2010)

Bilateral stimulation of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus reduces seizures. Benefit persisted for 2 years of study. Complication rates were modest. Deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamus is useful for some people with medically refractory partial and secondarily generalized seizures.
A biodegradable in-situ polymer precipitation delivery system for sustained delivery of a novel designer natriuretic peptide in an experimental model of myocardial infarction (2013)

were classified into 3 groups; very-low (70 mg/dl) (n=214), low (71-100) (n=669) and high (101) (n=1355). Type and dose of statin chosen were on doctors' own decision. All patients were continuously and periodically followed-up, and the efficacy of statin was analyzed on composite outcome of Major Cardiovascular Event (MACE), defined as all cause mortality, no-fatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke. Results: A statin was prescribed in 66.8% of patients in very-low LDL-C group, 67.2% in low group and 67.3% in high group. In total 204 patients experienced MACE during median follow-up of 404 days. In Kaplan-Meier estimate, statin treatment showed significant reduction of incidence of MACE in all sub-groups (p<0.001, respectively). Even in patients with very low LDL-C concentration as registered, lipid lowering with statin significantly improved outcome regarding prevention of MACE (p<0.001). In age and gender adjusted Cox regression hazard analysis, statin was the significant determinant of better outcome regardless of the LDL-C level (p<0.01). Conclusion: Even in patients with very low LDL-C at initial presentation, aggressive treatment with statin can provide benefit for CAD patients by improvement of CV outcome.
Accordion-Like Prosthesis for Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt (2003)

From March 1996 to July 2002, 26 consecutive patients, with a mean age of 17.9 months and a mean body weight of 6.6 kg, underwent the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt with a tubular accordion-like prosthesis. In a mean follow-up period (defined as the interval between the shunt procedure and repair or last evaluation) of 10.9 months (range, 1 to 32 months), there were 1 death due to excessive pulmonary blood flow in a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 3 reoperations to correct shunt-related problems, 2 of them early and 1 late (to regulate pulmonary blood flow after left ventricular retraining for transposition of the great arteries). There was no occurrence of shunt obstruction or kinking. Other shunt-related early complications, such as bleeding, infection, or serous fluid leakage, did not occur, and no patient needed pulmonary artery reconstruction during surgical repair. Shunt patency was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography in all patients and also by angiography in 73% of the patients. This prospective study confirmed our preliminary results with this prosthesis. The use of this prosthesis is justified for reducing early and late complications potentially associated with the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, particularly distortion of the pulmonary arteries.
Step-Scan FTIR Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Study of Excited-State Dipole Orientation in Soluble Metallopolymers (2000)

Step-scan FTIR time-resolved spectroscopy (S2FTIR TRS) in acetonitrile-d3 has been used to probe the acceptor ligand in metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of amide-substituted polypyridyl complexes of RuII and in analogues appended to polystyrene. On the basis of ground-to-excited state shifts in v(C = O) of -31 cm-1 for the amide group in [RuII(bpy)2(bpyCONHEt')]2+ (bpyCONHEt' = 4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxamide-Et'; Et' = -CH2CH2BzCH2CH3) (1) and in the derivatized polystyrene abbreviated [PS-[CH2-CH2NHCObpy-RuII(bpy)2]20]40+ (3), the excited-state dipole is directed toward the amide-containing pyridyl group in the polymer side chain. Smaller shifts in v(C = O) of -17 cm-1 in [RuII(4,4'-(CONEt2)2bpy)2-(bpyCONHEt')]2+ (2) and in the derivatized polystyrene abbreviated [PS-[CH2CH2NHCObpy-RuII(4,4'-(CONEt2)2bpy)2]20]40+ (4) indicate that the excited-state dipole is directed toward one of the diamide bpy ligands. The nearly identical results for 1 and 3 and for 2 and 4 show that the molecular and electronic structures of the monomer excited states are largely retained in the polymer samples. These conclusions about dipole orientation in the polymers are potentially of importance in understanding intrastrand energy transfer dynamics. The excited-state dipole in 3 is oriented in the direction of the covalent link to the polymer backbone, and toward nearest neighbors. In 4, it is oriented away from the backbone.
The Cost Effectiveness of a Tailored, Web-Based Care Program to Enhance Postoperative Recovery in Gynecologic Patients in Comparison With Usual Care: Protocol of a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

Netherlands Trial Register: NTR2933; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=2933 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Q7exPG84).
Tensile Behavior of Ti,Mo-added Low Carbon Steels with Interphase Precipitation (2014)

Tensile behavior and structure-property relationship of ferritic steels with nano-sized carbide dispersion were invesigated using Ti-added steel and Ti,Mo-added low carbon steels. By austenitizing followed by isothermal heat treatment at 700°C, polygonal ferrites containing very fine carbides of TiC and (Ti,Mo)C were obtained in the Ti-added and the Ti,Mo-added steels, respectively. The size of such carbides was finer in the Ti,Mo-added steel than in the Ti-added steel at the same isothermal holding. The results of tensile tests for these samples showed that the strength is higher as the carbide size is smaller. The structure-based strength calculation led to a good agreement with the experiments, when it was assumed that the Ashby-Orowan mechanism is dominant for precipitation strengthening of nano-sized alloy carbides. It was also suggested that a relatively large tensile ductility is related to enhanced recovery during the tensile deformation, accompanied with promotion of secondary slips or cross slips in a finer scale due to the nano-sized particles.
Wireless, high-bandwidth recordings from non-human primate motor cortex using a scalable 16-Ch implantable microsystem (2009)

A multitude of neuroengineering challenges exist today in creating practical, chronic multichannel neural recording systems for primate research and human clinical application. Specifically, a) the persistent wired connections limit patient mobility from the recording system, b) the transfer of high bandwidth signals to external (even distant) electronics normally forces premature data reduction, and c) the chronic susceptibility to infection due to the percutaneous nature of the implants all severely hinder the success of neural prosthetic systems. Here we detail one approach to overcome these limitations: an entirely implantable, wirelessly communicating, integrated neural recording microsystem, dubbed the Brain Implantable Chip (BIC).
Mixing of a Point-Source Indoor Pollutant by Forced Convection (1995)

The mixing rate of pollutants emitted from indoor sources influences the effectiveness of pollutant removal by building ventilation and the potential variability of exposure for a given release scenario. Quantitative information is scant on the mixing rate and the factors that govern it. We present mixing data for an instantaneously released tracer gas, carbon monoxide, in a sealed, unoccupied room under a range of forced airflow conditions, in which the flow is induced by blowers. The resulting mixing times, from 2 to 42 minutes, are related to the mechanical power of the air jets produced by the blowers. Mixing times are found to correlate well with the inverse of the cube root of power, in accordance with theoretical predictions and experimental observations for mixing in chemical reactors. The exposure index, defined as the time-averaged concentration at a point relative to the time-averaged concentration for the room as a whole, is presented for three experimental conditions, yielding quantitative information on the appropriateness of the well-mixed hypothesis under various flow conditions. In general, the exposure period following instantaneous release of a point-source pollutant must be much greater than the mixing time for the assumption of uniform mixing to hold. The correlation between mixing time and power input is used to predict the mixing time from the mixing action of a supply air jet for a typical ventilation scenario. The predicted mixing time, τmix∼7 min, is substantially lower than the time scale for removal by ventilation, τvent∼48 min. Under these conditions, complete mixing of an instantaneous release, point-source pollutant would be approximately attained within the interior space well before the pollutant would be thoroughly removed by ventilation.
Circulating Immune Complexes and C1 Activation in Patients with Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, before and after Treatment with Immunosuppression and Plasma Exchange (1983)

Well-known assays for detection of circulating immune complexes (CIC) (C1 q binding assay, C1q deviation test, solid-phase C1 q binding assay, solid-phase conglutinin binding assay, and the platelet aggregation test) were used in 30 patients with different kinds of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In 89% of the patients evidence of CIC was found in at least one of the assays. 81% of the patients were positive in the C1q binding assay and/or the conglutinin binding assay with addition of complement. CIC were more often detected by several assays, and with higher values in patients with systemic disease than in patients with renal involvement alone. CIC were found in 2 patients with Goodpasture's syndrome. 15 patients were reexamined after treatment with plasma exchange, when the disease was clinically inactive. The patients were still on immunosuppressive treatment. In most of these, CIC were detectable, but with lower values than at the start of treatment. Before treatment, high levels of C1r-C1s-C1 inactivator complexes suggested increased C1 activation in 93% of the patients. C-reactive protein was raised, and the concentrations of C1 q, C1s, C4, C3 and factor B were normal or high in most of the patients. Pronounced hypocomplementemia was found only in 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). After treatment, the levels of C-reactive protein, C1 q, C1s, C3 and factor B had decreased in the non-SLE patients, while the average levels of C4 and C1r-C1s-C1 inactivator complexes were essentially unchanged.
Gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7. Purification physical properties, and stimulation of T7 DNA polymerase during the elongation of polynucleotide chains. (1978)

With the use of an in vitro complementation assay to measure activity, the gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T7 has been purified 1000-fold to yield a nearly homogeneous protein. The purified gene 4 protein is a single polypeptide having a molecular weight of 58,000. In addition to being essential for T7 DNA replication in vivo and in vitro, the gene 4 protein is required for DNA synthesis by the purified T7 DNA polymerase on duplex T7 DNA templates. In the absence of ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates, DNA synthesis by the gene 4 protein and the T7 DNA polymerase is dependent on phosphodiester bond interruptions containing 3'-hydroxyl groups (nicks) in the duplex DNA. The reaction is specific for the T7 DNA polymerase, but any duplex DNA containing nicks can serve as template. The Km for nicks in the reaction is 3 x 10(-10) M.
Verification and Validation of Structured and Overset Grid Capabilities on Hypersonic Multibody Configurations (2010)

Three unit problems in shock-shock/shock-boundary layer interactions are considered in the evaluation, verification and validation of two computational codes — DPLR and US3D. The unit problems considered are those of two stacked hemispherical cylinders (of dierent diameters and lengths, and at various orientations relative to each other or relative to the nozzle axis) tested in a hypersonic wind tunnel. These problems are taken as representative of a Two-Stage-To-Orbit design. Using the same, or minimally dierent, numerical algorithms and physical models in the two computational codes, flow field solutions are calculated using dierent grid generation approaches and grid topologies — structured with point-matched grids or overset grids, and unstructured with point-matched grids. The focus of the paper is on the overset grid approach, and lessons learned in exercising this new capability in DPLR are discussed. For all approaches and grid topologies, comparisons are made against experimentally measured heat fluxes.
Multiwavelength substrate interconnects for demultiplexing applications (1993)

Single wavelength fanout and multi-wavelength WDM components are important in optical fiber communication links and wafer scale integrated (WSI) systems for optical interconnection and networking. The use of transparent substrates as beam propagation and interconnection media for such devices are attractive owing to the dimensional freedom and compact packaging the substrates offer. Substrate fanout 1,2 and WDM 3 optical interconnects based on 2-D holographic diffraction have been reported. However, in some planar-integrated transceiver and networking applications 3-D diffraction based devices may be required to achieve the planar fanout and WDM interconnects. Herein, we report on the realization of a substrate WDM device following our previous work on substrate fanout and simplified holographic 3-D diffraction theory. 4
High-density free-space photonic switching fabrics (2002)

Free-space photonic switches are promising candidates for high-density, large-scale photonic switching fabrics. In free-space switches, there are two types of interconnections between switching devices: imaging and micro-beam interconnections. Here, we present a compact digital free-space photonic switching module using micro-beam interconnections, and show a liquid-crystal micro-beam deflector array that can be used for highly precise beam alignment.