gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Various Field Lacrosse Balls (2005)

Although the sport of lacrosse has evolved dramatically over the last few decades and is presently the fastest growing team sport in the United States, the current specifications for balls date back to 1943. The purpose of this study was to see if various commercially available field lacrosse balls meet these specifications and to determine additional mechanical properties of the ball that may more completely characterize ball performance. Eight models from several manufacturers were tested. Seven models were designated for game play, while one model was promoted as a practice ball. In accordance with the specifications, the mass, circumference, and rebound height were recorded for one dozen balls from each model. The load required to compress the balls 0.0125 m and the coefficient of restitution (COR) with an incident speed of 26.80 m/s were also determined. We found that some balls met several of the specifications, but none of the models had every ball meet all the specifications. For the two measures of ball liveliness, rebound height had a weak correlation with COR. Ball compression loads averaged about 750 N over most models, but were almost 85% less for the practice model. It appears that current governing body specifications are outdated, as no ball model we tested met these specifications. The determination of ball liveliness at more realistic speeds should also be taken into account. Since balls with low compression loads can pass through face protectors worn by lacrosse players, the sport's governing bodies may wish to consider a specification on ball compression.
Abstract C40: Large-scale isolation of prostate cancer cells by combining leukapheresis and elutriation with chemoaffinity capture (2012)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood are shed from either the primary tumor or its metastases. These disseminated CTCs are directly responsible for the most cancer deaths and the major cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. Therefore, the earlier detection of CTCs and the ability to remove CTCs from circulation could result in more positive patient outcomes. However, capturing low abundant CTCs from peripheral blood remains a challenge. The cell-surface enzyme prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an important biomarker in prostate cancer research. Its upregulation on prostate tumor cells has attracted significant attention as a target for imaging and therapeutic agents. We recently developed a technology to enrich CTCs from a large blood volume by combining apheresis and elutriation technologies with a CTC selection technology based on immobilized high-affinity irreversible PSMA inhibitor. The commercial centrifugal apheresis and elutriation processes can concentrate PCTCs from large blood volumes in a standard elutriator. In this presentation, we will describe a selective and sensitive methodology to enrich, capture, and quantify metastatic prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: Lisa Y. Wu, Dana E. Abernathy, TianCheng Liu, Bernard J. Van Wie, William C. Davis, Clifford E. Berkman. Large-scale isolation of prostate cancer cells by combining leukapheresis and elutriation with chemoaffinity capture [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C40.
Application of a Novel Laser-Doppler Velocimeter for Turbulence: Structural Measurements in Turbulent Boundary Layers (2006)

Abstract : An advanced laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV), deemed the 'comprehensive LDV', is designed to acquire fully-resolved turbulence structural measurements in high Reynolds number two- and three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers. The new instrument combines, for the first time, new techniques allowing for the direct measurement of particle acceleration and sub-measurement-volume-scale position resolution so that second-order 3D particle trajectories may be measured at high repetitions. Using these measurements, several terms in the Reynolds stress transport equations may be directly estimated, giving new data for modeling and understanding the processes leading to the transport of turbulence in boundary layer flows. Measurements utilizing the CompLDV technologies are presented and include turbulence dissipation rate and fluctuating velocity-pressure gradient correlations that have been measured in 2D and 3D turbulent boundary layers using the unique capabilities of the 'comprehensive' LDV. Many of these measurements are the first of their kind ever acquired in high Reynolds number turbulent flows. The flat-plate turbulent boundary layer is studied at several Reynolds numbers up to Re-theta ~7500 to examine Reynolds numbers effects on terms such as the velocity-pressure gradient correlation and the dissipation rate in the Reynolds transport equations. Measurements are also presented in a pressure-driven three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer created upstream from a wing-body junction. The current results complement the extensive data from previous studies and provide even richer depth of knowledge on the most completely-documented 3D boundary layer flow in existence. Further measurements include the effects of high free-stream turbulence on flat plate turbulent boundary layers and a wing/body junction flow that is similar to a gas turbine flow.
Ultraviolet-Assisted Curing of Organosilicate Glass Low-k Dielectric by Excimer Lamps (2008)

A series of low- films was exposed to UV-assisted curing (UV curing) with excimer lamps. The influence of the UV-curing wavelength, the UV-curing time, and the maximum pretreatment temperature were investigated. A mechanical, chemical, and optical characterization of this set of experiments is presented. It is revealed that the exposure to UV curing with had sufficient energy to abundantly photodissociate groups and to shrink the films. In turn, the elastic modulus was enhanced. As a side effect caused by the photodissociation of groups, the content of Si–OH and Si–H moieties increased. Longer wavelengths (222 and ) showed less-drastic effects on low- films because they do not provide sufficient energy to photodissociate groups. This fundamental difference existing between different UV-curing wavelengths is evidenced by the optical characterization. Furthermore, this work also reveals the effect of pretreatment temperature on UV curing. Low pretreatment temperatures are required to keep enough photochemical reactivity and matrix mobility.
Latent heat induced deformation of PCB substrate: Measurement and simulation (2022)

The work evaluates the impact of latent heat (LH) absorbed or released by a solder alloy during melting or solidification, respectively, on changes of dimensions of materials surrounding of the solder alloy. Our sample comprises a small printed circuit board (PCB) with a blind via filled with lead-free alloy SAC305. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to obtain the amount of LH per mass and a thermomechanical analyzer was used to measure the thermally induced deformation. A plateau during melting and a peak during solidification were detected during the course of dimension change. The peak height reached 1.6 μm in the place of the heat source and 0.3 μm in the distance of 3 mm from the source. The data measured during solidification was compared to a numerical model based on the finite element method. An excellent quantitative agreement was observed which confirms that the transient expansion of PCB during cooling can be explained by the release of LH from the solder alloy during solidification. Our results have important implications for the design of PCB assemblies where the contribution of recalescence to thermal stress can lead to solder joint failure.
Gender Differences and Biomechanics in the 3000M Steeplechase Water Jump. (2008)

Since 1996, women have been competing in the 3000m steeplechase race internationally. Whenever women and men both compete in similar events with different equipment (the barriers are lower for women) consideration should be given as to how techniques should be coached differently. This study investigated the differences in water-jump technique between men and women after accounting for differences in running speed and which techniques led to maintenance of race pace through the water-jump. Eighteen men and 18 women were filmed at two major track and field meets during the 2004 season. Peak Motus 8.2 was used to digitize all seven jumps from each athlete. Various characteristics of water-jump technique were measured or calculated and compared using two multiple linear regressions (one for men and one for women) to determine which characteristics led to maintaining race pace speeds through the water jump obstacle. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine any differences between men and women in the measured characteristics of technique.Velocity through the jump divided by race pace was predicted very well by approach velocity and landing distance for men and women. Other characteristics of the movement were non-significant. Differences between genders were found in: approach velocity, take-off distance, landing distance, push-off angle, velocity through jump, and exit velocity. Men and women steeplechasers must focus on approach velocity and landing distance to complete the water-jump close to their race pace. Coaches need to consider many characteristics of technique that differ between men and women. Key pointsWomen may need to be coached differently than men in the steeplechase water jump due to different techniques required.Men and women must focus on a high approach velocity to complete the steeplechase water jump successfully.Men and women must generate a relatively long landing distance to maintain velocity and keep from having to use extra energy exiting the water pit.Women's race paces were affected more than men's by the water jump in a negative way.
Emotional arousal and activation of the visual cortex: An fMRI analysis (1998)

Functional activity in the visual cortex was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology while participants viewed a series of pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant pictures. Coronal images at four different locations in the occipital cortex were acquired during each of eight 12-s picture presentation periods (on) and 12-s interpicture interval (off). The extent of functional activation was larger in the right than the left hemisphere and larger in the occipital than in the occipitoparietal regions during processing of all picture contents compared with the interpicture intervals. More importantly, functional activity was significantly greater in all sampled brain regions when processing emotional (pleasant or unpleasant) pictures than when processing neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2, a hypothesis that these differences were an artifact of differential eye movements was ruled out. Whereas both emotional and neutral pictures produced activity centered on the calcarine fissure (Area 17), only emotional pictures also produced sizable clusters bilaterally in the occipital gyrus, in the right fusiform gyrus, and in the right inferior and superior parietal lobules.
Research on Human Embryos (1988)

This is the topic over which there has been the most controversy and the one in which the many aspects of IVF — biological, medical, social and ethical — are brought together. Some people feel very very strongly about this issue. They are passionately, even fanatically against research on human embryos. We will come to their views shortly.
Internal cooling in a semiconductor laser diode (2002)

A thermal model of a diode laser structure is developed which includes a bipolar thermoelectric term not included in previous models. It is shown that heterostructure band offsets can be chosen so that there are thermoelectric cooling sources near the active region; this method of cooling is internal to the device itself, as opposed to temperature stabilization schemes which employ an external cooler. A novel laser structure is proposed that is capable of internal cooling in the Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/As/sub y/Sb/sub 1-y/-GaSb material system with /spl lambda/ = 2.64 μm.
A parallel computing interface to facilitate development of physiologic signal processing algorithms. (1991)

We have created a system to aid in the development of algorithms related to the blood pressure waveform. The system performs all of the basic analyses of the waveform, and allows the user to utilize the results of those analyses for the algorithm under development. We have used a parallel programming architecture which keeps the different tasks, or processes, within the system independent of each other. Additionally, we have developed a graphics interface to enable the user to visualize the waveform, the system analysis, and the internal workings of the algorithm under development.
Preliminary investigation of a Monte Carlo-based system matrix approach for quantitative clinical brain 123I SPECT imaging (2018)

A next-generation, adaptive, dynamic multi-pinhole system, AdaptiSPECT-C, dedicated to clinical brain SPECT imaging, is currently under development as part of a collaboration between the universities of Arizona and Massachusetts. It has been shown that accurate modeling of the system matrix is a key aspect of SPECT image reconstruction as it has the potential to improve the imaging performance of any system. A straight-forward approach to modeling is based on the use of Monte Carlo simulation to pre-compute and store the system matrix. Generally, in clinical imaging, given the large sizes of detectors and volume of interests this approach faces critical memory storage issues despite the use of sparse structures to store the system matrix. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of a Monte Carlo simulation pre-computed system matrix approach for <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">123</sup> I clinical brain SPECT imaging with the AdaptiSPECT-C system. Our efficient method was evaluated using an XCAT brain perfusion phantom. The present approach's feasibility was fully demonstrated in case of clinical <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">123</sup> I brain imaging.
Probing Fibroblast Growth Factor Dimerization and Role of Heparin-like Glycosaminoglycans in Modulating Dimerization and Signaling (2001)

For a number of growth factors and cytokines, ligand dimerization is believed to be central to the formation of an active signaling complex. In the case of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) signaling, heparin/heparan sulfate-like glycosaminoglycans (HLGAGs) are involved through interaction with both FGF2 and its receptors (FGFRs) in assembling a tertiary complex and modulating FGF2 activity. Biochemical data have suggested different modes of HLGAG-induced FGF2 dimerization involving specific protein-protein contacts. In addition, several recent x-ray crystallography studies of FGF.FGFR and FGF.FGFR.HLGAG complexes have revealed other modes of molecular assemblage, with no FGF-FGF contacts. All these different biochemical and structural findings have clarified less and in fact raised more questions as to which mode of FGF2 dimerization, if any, is essential for signaling. In this study, we address the issue of FGF2 dimerization in signaling using a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and site-directed mutagenesis approaches. Our findings presented here provide direct evidence of FGF2 dimerization in mediating FGF2 signaling.
Measurements of losses and lasing efficiency in Nd:Cr:GSGG laser rods (1985)

Gadolinium scandium gallium garnet crystals co-doped with neodymium and chromium ions (Nd:Cr:GSGG) have been shown to yield significantly higher lasing efficiency than Nd:YAG when pumped by fiashlamps.1–3 The improvement results from increased efficiency of absorption of flashlamp light by ions followed by rapid energy transfer to the emitting Nd3+ ions.
Gasoline Fuels Assessment for Delphi’s Second Generation Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Multi-Cylinder Engine (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Fuel efficiency and emission performance sensitivity to fuel reactivity was examined using Delphi’s second-generation Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (Gen 2.0 GDCI) multi-cylinder engine. The study was designed to compare a US market gasoline (RON 92 E10) to a higher reactivity gasoline (RON 80) at four operating conditions ranging from light load of 800 rpm / 2.0 bar gross indicated-mean-effective pressure (IMEP&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;) to medium load of 2000 rpm / 10.0 bar IMEP&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;. The experimental assessment indicated that both gasolines could achieve good performance and Tier 3 emission targets at each of the four operating conditions. Relative to the RON 92 E10 gasoline, better fuel consumption and engine-out emissions performance was achieved when using RON 80 gasoline; consistent with our previously reported single-cylinder engine research [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;More specifically, a fuel consumption improvement was observed at the low load operating conditions (800 rpm / 2.0 bar IMEP&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; and 2000 rpm / 2.6 bar IMEP&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;) when using the RON 80 gasoline, compared to using market RON 92 E10 gasoline mainly due to better combustion stability that is directly associated with the fuel’s higher reactivity. For mid-load operation (1500 rpm / 6.0 bar IMEP&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; and 2000 rpm / 10.0 bar IMEP&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;), significantly lower fuel consumption was achieved when using the higher reactivity (RON 80) gasoline due to significantly lower boost pressure requirements and an enhanced combustion process. Clear differences in low temperature heat release (LTHR) behavior for this partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) combustion process was also observed between the two gasolines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Specifically for the Delphi Gen 2.0 GDCI multi-cylinder engine, fuel consumption and engine-out emission targets were able to achieve when using both current market RON 92 E10 gasoline and a higher reactivity RON 80 gasoline. Furthermore, the higher reactivity RON 80 gasoline exhibited further improvement of light-to-medium load performance and emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Building earthquake semantic network by mining human activity from Twitter (2011)

Since there is 87% of chance of an approximately 8.0 Richter earthquake occurring in the Tokai region of Japan in next 30 years; we are trying to help computers to recommend the most suitable action patterns for the victims if this massive disaster happens. For example, the computer will recommend “what should do to go to a safe place”, “how to come back home”, etc. To realize this goal, it is necessary to have a collective intelligence of action patterns, which relate to the earthquake. Additionally, to help the computers understand the meaning of these action patterns, we should build the collective intelligence based on OWL (Web Ontology Language). However, the manual construction of the collective intelligence will take a large cost. Therefore, in this paper, we firstly design an earthquake semantic network. Secondly, we propose a novel approach, which can automatically collects the action patterns from Twitter for the semantic network.
Erratum. National Institutes of Health–Sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium Phase 3 Trial: Manufacture of a Complex Cellular Product at Eight Processing Facilities. Diabetes 2016;65:3418–3428 (2017)

In the article listed above, Xiaojuan Chen, now of the Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, was erroneously omitted from the author list.

Dr. Chen contributed to the Clinical Islet Transplantation (CIT) …
Inhibition of the Excitatory Non‐adrenergic, Non‐cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Guinea Pig Tracheo‐bronehial Tree Mediated by α2‐Adrenoceptors (1984)

Guinea pig main bronchi were studied in vitro for the presence of motor innervation. Field stimulation of the main bronchi revealed that besides the excitatory cholinergic component a slow and atropine resistant contraction similar to that previously found in the hilus bronchi (Grundström et al. 1981a) was present also at this level of the airways. This slow contraction was blocked by tetrodotoxin whereas it was left unaffected by a number of conventional antagonists (i.e. atropine, guanethidine, propranolol, yohimbine and prazosin) suggesting that it was due to activation of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurones. In the presence of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, noradrenaline inhibited the slow contractions induced by field stimulation in both the main and hilus bronchi. By contrast, contractions elicited by histamine were left unaffected by noradrenaline. In order to characterize the receptor for noradrenaline the effects of alpha1-and alpha2-adrenoceptor blockers were evaluated. The results indicate that in the guinea pig bronchi noradrenaline inhibits non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission by acting on prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Clinical significance of detecting elevated serum DcR3/TR6/M68 in malignant tumor patients (2003)

TR6/DcR3/M68 is a soluble receptor that belongs to the TNF receptor family. It is expressed in malignant cells of several tumor types and has been postulated to help tumor cells to gain survival advantage by inhibiting apoptosis and by interfering with immune surveillance. In our study, we assessed for the first time serum TR6 in tumor patients to explore its diagnostic and prognostic value. We examined serum TR6 levels with ELISA in 146 tumor patients, 19 patients with acute infection, 5 patients with liver cirrhosis and 29 healthy individuals. TR6 expression in tumor mass was studied with immunohistochemistry. TR6 gene copy number in tumor tissues was evaluated by real time PCR. Ninety-seven point nine percent (47 of 48 cases) of healthy individuals and patients with acute infection were serum TR6-negative. In contrast, 56.2% (82 of 146 cases) of the tumor patients were serum TR6-positive. Almost all serum TR6-positive individuals (98.8%, 82 out of 83 cases) had malignancy, excluding the cases of liver cirrhosis. In gastric carcinomas, serum TR6 levels were closely correlated with tumor differentiation status and TNM classification. Tumor mass was the source of serum TR6 because its levels decreased drastically after curative tumor resection. TR6 gene amplification occurred in about half of liver carcinomas, but not in gastric or pancreatic carcinomas, indicating plural mechanisms of TR6 upregulation. Our study demonstrated that serum TR6 should be considered as a novel parameter for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of malignancies.