gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct-, Fibroblast- and Myoblast-Mediated Gene Transfer to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (1999)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has poor capabilities of healing. Maturation or "ligamentization" of the ACL following autograft or allograft reconstruction has been found slow and remains under investigation. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have the potential to improve ligament healing. Gene therapy approaches may represent a new alternative in delivering these specific growth factors to the ACL. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of three different gene therapy approaches (direct-, fibroblast-, and myoblast-mediated gene transfer) to the ACL. Rabbit myoblasts and ACL-fibroblasts were transduced with 5 x 10(7) recombinant adenoviral particles carrying the LacZ reporter gene (MOI = 50). Myoblasts and fibroblasts (1 x 10(6)) were each injected into the right ACL of 10 adult rabbits; direct injection of 5 x 10(7) adenoviral particles was performed in 10 other rabbits. The left side was used as sham. The beta-galactosidase production was revealed using the LacZ histochemical technique. The transduced fibroblasts and myoblasts were found in the ligament tissue and in the synovial tissue surrounding the ACL at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postinjection. The myoblasts fused and formed myotubes in the ligament. The direct approach also allowed the transfer of the marker gene in the ligament at 4, 7, 21, and 42 days postinjection. X-gal staining revealed no expression of beta-galactosidase in the sham ligament. The presence of cells expressing the marker gene in the ACL opens up the possibility of delivering proteins (i.e., PDGF, TGF-beta, and EGF) capable of improving ACL healing and graft maturation. Furthermore, engineered myoblasts may mediate and accelerate the intraligament neovascularization. This new technology based on gene therapy and tissue engineering may allow a persistent expression of selected growth factors to enhance ACL healing following injury.
Substrate specificity and conformational preferences of prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (2008)

Prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (P4H) catalyzes the post‐translational hydroxylation of proline residues in procollagen strands. P4H specifically forms 4( R )‐hydroxyproline (Hyp) from proline residues in Pro–Gly sequences of polypeptides. The presence of Hyp is crucial for the folding, secretion, and stability of the collagen triple helix under physiological conditions. The current study examines the substrate recognition and specificity of P4H. We have synthesized peptide substrate analogs containing 4( R )‐fluoro‐L‐proline (Flp), 4( S )‐fluoro‐L‐proline (flp), and 4‐thio‐L‐proline (Thp). The peptide containing Flp was not found to interact with P4H, whereas the flp‐ and Thp‐containing peptides were determined to be substrates of P4H, forming products containing 4‐keto‐L‐proline and 4( R )‐sulfoxoproline. These results suggest that the cis/trans conformation of the substrate is a factor in recognition by P4H, and provide evidence for a role of conformational changes in collagen biosynthesis. This work is supported by Grant AR44276 (NIH). KLG was supported by the NIH Chemistry–Biology Interface training program.
Nondestructive Metrology of Layered Polymeric GRIN Materials by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) (2012)

Based on swept-source OCT technology, we investigated the unique capability of OCT for nondestructive three-dimensional characterization of the internal structures and layer thickness profiles of layered polymeric GRIN samples in micrometer scale.
Nitric Oxide Releasing Coronary Stent: A New Approach Using Layer-by-Layer Coating and Liposomal Encapsulation (2016)

The sustained or controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) can be the most promising approach for the suppression or prevention of restenosis and thrombosis caused by stent implantation. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility in the potential use of layer-by-layer (LBL) coating with a NO donor-containing liposomes to control the release rate of NO from a metallic stent. Microscopic observation and surface characterizations of LBL-modified stents demonstrate successful LBL coating with liposomes on a stent. Release profiles of NO show that the release rate is sustained up to 5 d. In vitro cell study demonstrates that NO release significantly enhances endothelial cell proliferation, whereas it markedly inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation. Finally, in vivo study conducted with a porcine coronary injury model proves the therapeutic efficacy of the NO-releasing stents coated by liposomal LBL technique, supported by improved results in luminal healing, inflammation, and neointimal thickening except thrombo-resistant effect. As a result, all these results demonstrate that highly optimized release rate and therapeutic dose of NO can be achieved by LBL coating and liposomal encapsulation, followed by significantly efficacious outcome in vivo.
High frequency optically coherent analog antenna links (1995)

In this work we report the demonstration of the first coherent fiber-optic delay line which can introduce true time delays for signals from 0.8 GHz to 1.5 GHz. The frequency range in our experiments is only limited by the Mach-Zehnder modulator employed. The spurious free dynamic range limited by the third order inter-modulation (IM) distortion around 1 GHz is about 80 dB/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> , for a 5μW optical signal power and 80 pW local oscillator power. It is expected to be 100 dB/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> or higher if a balanced receiver is used, and both the LO (local oscillator) and signal optical power are increased. We also describe a four-channel system to demonstrate the full delay switching mechanism.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Bedside D-dimer Assay and Alveolar Dead-Space Measurement for Rapid Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism (2001)

In this multicenter study of ED patients, a normal D-dimer assay result plus a normal alveolar dead-space fraction was associated with a low prevalence of PE.
Figure S2 from <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TRAP1 undergoes ubiquitylation upon GSNOR downregulation.&lt;/p&gt;
Statistical Evaluation of Split Gate Opportunities for Improved 8T/6T Column-Decoupled SRAM Cell Yield (2008)

We study the yield improvements of mixed/split gate designs in 45 nm FinFET technology. The original contributions of this paper are: fast statistical analysis for FinFET designs including 6T and 8T column- decoupled designs, and the proposed low-voltage 6T- column-decoupled SRAM cell using stacked_and FinFET devices. Sensitivities of the cell yield to device design uncertainties and process variations are evaluated. Statistical analysis indicates that column-decoupled cells can help lower the stability requirement on the cell beta ratio and hence relax the design limitations with FinFET technology such as quantization penalties. Furthermore, physical cell image diagrams show that the 6T-decoupled cell suffers very small area penalties compared to the traditional double gate designs. Fast statistical analysis techniques are used to estimate yield trend. Numerical device/circuit mix-mode simulations support the predicted trends. Threshold voltage variations due to random dopant fluctuations are estimated using a macroscopic modeling method. The impact of fin-height variations is also evaluated.
Individual Hymenoptera Venom Compounds Induce Upregulation of the Basophil Activation Marker Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 3 (CD203c) in Sensitized Patients (2002)

Flow-cytometric determination of CD203c upregulation on basophils activated by molecularly defined allergens is a powerful method to identify the precise allergen reactivity in sensitized individuals.
Strategic and technological challenges for wireless communications beyond 3G (2002)

In order to facilitate and to meet the ever increasing demands for the wireless communication in the next decade and also to satisfy the high data rates for the new services, the future development of 3G (IMT2000) and systems beyond 3G (B3G) are foreseen. This article presents the need for these developments and motivations for systems beyond 3G taking into account both strategic and technological challenges to be faced. Moreover, the concepts and potential technologies involved including multiple air-interfaces, efficient spectrum allocation and utilisation for the success of systems B3G are briefly reviewed.
The streaming adrenal cortex: direct evidence of centripetal migration of adrenocytes by estimation of cell turnover rate (1986)

Thirty adult male rats were injected with 0.5 microCi [3H]thymidine/g body weight (specific activity 5 Ci/mmol) and killed, in groups of five, 1 h and 14, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after injection. The displacement of labelled adrenocytes with time was estimated in autoradiograms of adrenal sections. The radial distance of the labelled cell from the capsule was measured with an eyepiece micrometer and expressed in cell location units, i.e. the number of cells separating the labelled cell from the capsule. One hour after labelling, 95% of labelled cells were confined to the outer quarter of the cortex. During the following days, adrenocytes were displaced inwardly, approaching the medulla at a velocity of 0.24 locations/day. They traversed the three cortex zones, reaching the medulla after 104 days. The three adrenal zones represent three differentiation states of the adrenocyte. When young, the adrenocyte secretes aldosterone, after leaving the glomerulosa it produces corticosteroids and on reaching the reticularis it produces sex hormones. The adrenal cortex is a cell renewal system made of two compartments. A progenitor compartment extending between locations 1 and 15, and a functional compartment, covering locations 16-64. The first compartment produces 0.47 cells daily, which enter the second. Half of them die on their way while the rest are eliminated in the reticular zone. The cell stream is nourished by a subcapsular stem cell.
MR-based brain and cerebrospinal fluid measurement after traumatic brain injury: correlation with neuropsychological outcome. (1997)

Predictable time-dependent atrophic changes occurring after traumatic brain injury can be quantified using MR volumetric studies. Our results suggest significant contributions by both diffuse and focal mechanisms of injury. In the postacute period (more than 70 days after injury), MR volumetric studies may be predictive of eventual cognitive outcome.
Motion Control Method of Redundant Manipulator Considering Kinetic Energy and Saturation of Joint Torque (2002)

Since each joint actuator of robot manipulator has a limit value of torque, the motion control system for robot manipulator should consider the joint torque saturation. If the motion control system does not consider the joint torque saturation, the robot manipulator sometimes becomes uncontrollable. This paper proposes a new motion control method of redundant manipulator considering kinetic energy and saturation of joint torque. The proposed motion control method has a robust speed controller based on H∞control in joint space and a fast position control system based on Zero-Phase Error Tracking control in Cartesian space. In order to consider the joint torque saturation, the proposed motion control system uses both the optimal pesudo inverse Jacobian matrix _??_ considering kinetic energy and the autonomous consideration algorithms of joint torque saturation. In the experimental results, on condition of having a large payload and a fast motion reference, the proposed motion control system well realizes the quick motion response robustly and smoothly, and its tracking response has little torque saturation effect.
Eddy-Current Linear-Rotary Position Sensor for an Implantable Total Artificial Heart (2022)

This paper presents an eddy-current linear-rotary position sensor for ShuttlePump, an implantable total artificial heart based on a linear-rotary actuator. The sensor is obtained by extending a commercially available rotary position sensor with appropriate data processing by also capturing the information about the linear position. In fact, with changing linear distance of the target, the amplitudes of the sine and cosine sensor outputs change. Furthermore, the commercial IC serving as interface for the rotary sensor adjusts its excitation frequency due to the changing coupling between the sensor and the linearly moving target. Hence, there are two options to additionally measure the linear position, which are analyzed theoretically with finite element simulations, validated experimentally and compared in terms of achievable sensitivity, bandwidth and linearity. Both options allow to reach z-resolutions below the required 100 $\mu m$ and a $\varphi-$ accuracy in the 5° range while meeting the specified 100 Hz bandwidth requirement and can hence be used for feedback position control of ShuttlePump.
The Role of Adipocyte Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Obesity-Related Elevations in (2008)

OBJECTIVE—Obesity is associated with an overactive endocannabinoid (EC) system. The mechanisms responsible for increased ECs in obese individuals are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the role of adipocyte insulin resistance in intracellular EC metabolism. METHODS—We used 3T3-L1 adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice to examine the role of obesity and insulin resistance in the regulation and/or dysregulation of intracellular ECs. RESULTS—For the first time, we provide evidence that insulin is a major regulator of EC metabolism. Insulin treatment reduced intracellular ECs (2-arachidonylglycerol [2-AG] and anandamide [AEA]) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This corresponded with insulinsensitive expression changes in enzymes of EC metabolism. In insulin-resistant adipocytes, patterns of insulin-induced enzyme expression were disturbed in a manner consistent with elevated EC synthesis and reduced EC degradation. Expression profiling of adipocytes from DIO mice largely recapitulated in vitro changes, suggesting that insulin resistance affects the EC system in vivo. In mice, expression changes of EC synthesis and degradation enzymes were accompanied by increased plasma EC concentrations (2-AG and AEA) and elevated adipose tissue 2-AG. CONCLUSIONS—Our findings suggest that insulin-resistant adipocytes fail to regulate EC metabolism and decrease intracellular EC levels in response to insulin stimulation. These novel observations offer a mechanism whereby obese insulin-resistant individuals exhibit increased concentrations of ECs. Diabetes 57:1262–1268, 2008
Class IA Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Regulates Heart Size and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy (2005)

Class I(A) phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are activated by growth factor receptors, and they regulate, among other processes, cell growth and organ size. Studies using transgenic mice overexpressing constitutively active and dominant negative forms of the p110alpha catalytic subunit of class I(A) PI3K have implicated the role of this enzyme in regulating heart size and physiological cardiac hypertrophy. To further understand the role of class I(A) PI3K in controlling heart growth and to circumvent potential complications from the overexpression of dominant negative and constitutively active proteins, we generated mice with muscle-specific deletion of the p85alpha regulatory subunit and germ line deletion of the p85beta regulatory subunit of class I(A) PI3K. Here we show that mice with cardiac deletion of both p85 subunits exhibit attenuated Akt signaling in the heart, reduced heart size, and altered cardiac gene expression. Furthermore, exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy is also attenuated in the p85 knockout hearts. Despite such defects in postnatal developmental growth and physiological hypertrophy, the p85 knockout hearts exhibit normal contractility and myocardial histology. Our results therefore provide strong genetic evidence that class I(A) PI3Ks are critical regulators for the developmental growth and physiological hypertrophy of the heart.
KIST teleoperation system for humanoid robot (2003)

This paper presents the teleoperation system that controls humanoid slave robot. In order to do a job easily and accurately with humanoid slave, the teleoperation system should be human friendly oriented. The isomorphic configuration of master arm developed in this research helps an operator working with humanoid robot to do his job dexterously. Also new tactile feedback device is developed to provide an operator with a realistic tactile feeling to operator's fingers. Besides the master devices, guidance functions in virtual reality can be useful information to an operator. We describe the administration method of teleoperation system for humanoid robot and validate it through experiment in this paper.
Toward a global earthshine network: First results from two stations (2005)

Big Bear Solar Observatory is building the world's first global earthshine network to measure Earth's large‐scale reflectance. Our first remote station was deployed in late 2003 at the Crimean Astronomical Observatory. Here we compare the data obtained from the two earthshine stations, Crimea and Big Bear. We find that the retrieved quantities from both stations are consistent and that the data may be easily combined into a single data set expanding the temporal and geographical coverage of our Earth reflectance measurements from California. We also detail our plans and the expected coverage with a larger network of stations.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Photodynamic Inactivation, or Killing Bugs with Dyes and Light—A Symposium‐in‐Print (2012)

In antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, the photosensitizer (PS) in its ground singlet state absorbs light to give the excited singlet state that can transition to the long-lived triplet state. This PS triplet may undergo energy transfer (Type 2) or electron transfer (Type 1) to oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (singlet oxygen and/or hydroxyl radicals) that can kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Infections in animal models can also be treated.
Testing the Substrate-Envelope Hypothesis with Designed Pairs of Compounds (2013)

Acquired resistance to therapeutic agents is a significant barrier to the development of clinically effective treatments for diseases in which evolution occurs on clinical time scales, frequently arising from target mutations. We previously reported a general strategy to design effective inhibitors for rapidly mutating enzyme targets, which we demonstrated for HIV-1 protease inhibition [Altman et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 6099-6113]. Specifically, we developed a computational inverse design procedure with the added constraint that designed inhibitors bind entirely inside the substrate envelope, a consensus volume occupied by natural substrates. The rationale for the substrate-envelope constraint is that it prevents designed inhibitors from making interactions beyond those required by substrates and thus limits the availability of mutations tolerated by substrates but not by designed inhibitors. The strategy resulted in subnanomolar inhibitors that bind robustly across a clinically derived panel of drug-resistant variants. To further test the substrate-envelope hypothesis, here we have designed, synthesized, and assayed derivatives of our original compounds that are larger and extend outside the substrate envelope. Our designs resulted in pairs of compounds that are very similar to one another, but one respects and one violates the substrate envelope. The envelope-respecting inhibitor demonstrates robust binding across a panel of drug-resistant protease variants, whereas the envelope-violating one binds tightly to wild type but loses affinity to at least one variant. This study provides strong support for the substrate-envelope hypothesis as a design strategy for inhibitors that reduce susceptibility to resistance mutations.
Mcl-1 is a relevant molecular target for antisense oligonucleotide strategies in gastric cancer cells (2006)

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide and resistant to various chemotherapeutic regimens. In gastric cancer, the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein is expressed in up to 75% of all cases and associated with poor prognosis. The biological relevance of Mcl-1 expression in gastric cancer is unclear. Thus, we investigated the functional significance and potential role of Mcl-1 as a molecular target in gastric cancer by using an antisense strategy. Gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87, MKN-28, MKN-45) were treated with Mcl-1 antisense oligonucleotides. Protein expression, cell growth and apoptosis were assessed for single-agent Mcl-1 AS oligonucleotide treatment and for combinations with docetaxel or cisplatin. Treatment by Mcl-1 AS oligonucleotides resulted in approximately 50% reduction in Mcl-1 protein levels in all gastric cancer cell lines examined. Surprisingly, dose-dependent Mcl-1 downregulation produced a significant increase in apoptosis and up to 60% decrease in cell growth. Moreover, combination of Mcl-1 AS oligonucleotide with docetaxel or cisplatin displayed synergistic anti-tumor activity. In conclusion, the impressive single-agent anti-tumor activity and the synergistic effect of Mcl-1 AS oligonucleotides in combination with chemotherapy might qualify Mcl-1 as a promising molecular target for AS oligonucleotide based treatment strategies for gastric cancer in the future.
Improve Quora Question Pair Dataset for Question Similarity Task (2021)

Automatic detection of semantically equivalent questions is a task of the utmost importance in a question answering system. The Quora dataset, which was released in the Quora Question Pairs competition organized by Kaggle, has now been used by many researches to train the system in solving the task of identifying duplicate questions. However, the ground truth labels on this dataset are not 100% accurate and may include incorrect labeling. In this paper, we concentrate on improving the quality of the Quora dataset by combining several strategies, basing on Bert, rules, and reassigning labels by humans.
High resolution ultrafast imaging of microbubble destruction during sonoporation (2017)

Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery using microbubbles is a growing field with applications ranging from targeted chemotherapy to permeating the blood brain barrier. Despite the potential clinical impact of this technique, the precise parameters needed to reliably induce cell sonoporation, or increased cellular permeability, are not well understood. The goal of this work is to use high frame rate imaging to visualize bubble destruction and propagation in order to extrapolate the parameters of importance in performing in vitro sonoporation. Through this work, it was observed that acoustic shadowing occurs at high microbubble concentrations (>1M bubbles/ml), which inhibits ultrasound delivery to bubbles next to cells. Pressure attenuation was observed to dramatically increase with increasing microbubble concentration. Unique microbubble destruction patterns shown with high resolution, ultrafast imaging included streaming, vortexing and standing waves. The complexity of the microbubble destruction patterns during sonication as observed for the first time with high resolution ultrafast imaging will provide guidance on how to achieve reliable sonoporation.