gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong Surface Treatment Effects on Reinforcement Efficiency in Biocomposites Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals in Poly(vinyl acetate) Matrix (2015)

In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Strongly increased mechanical properties were observed for modCNC nanocomposites. The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed.
Elevated salt transport of antimicrobial loose nanofiltration membranes enabled by copper nanoparticles via fast bioinspired deposition (2016)

Loose nanofiltration membranes prepared by co-deposition of polydopamine and CuNPs enhance water permeability, dye retention, salt transmission, and antimicrobial activity.
Linear-time Algorithms for Pairwise Statistical Problems (2009)

Several key computational bottlenecks in machine learning involve pairwise dis-tance computations, including all-nearest-neighbors (finding the nearest neigh-bor(s) for each point, e.g. in manifold learning) and kernel summations (e.g. in kernel density estimation or kernel machines). We consider the general, bichro-matic case for these problems, in addition to the scientific problem of N-body simulation. In this paper we show for the first timeO(푁) worst case runtimes for practical algorithms for these problems based on the cover tree data structure [1]. 1
Recombinant FGF21 Attenuates Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Induced NAFLD/NASH by Modulating Hepatic Lipocalin-2 Expression (2022)

Although recent studies have demonstrated that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) exposure leads to toxicant-associated steatohepatitis, the underlying mechanism of this condition remains unsolved. Male C57Bl/6 mice fed a standard diet (SD) or 60% high fat diet (HFD) were exposed to the nondioxin-like PCB mixture Aroclor1260 or dioxin-like PCB congener PCB126 by intraperitoneal injection for a total of four times for six weeks. We observed hepatic injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in not only the Aroclor1260-treated mice fed a HFD but the PCB126-treated mice fed either a SD or a HFD. We also observed that both types of PCB exposure induced hepatic iron overload (HIO). Noticeably, the expression of hepatic lipocalin-2 (LCN2) was significantly increased in the PCB-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) models. The knockdown of LCN2 resulted in improvement of PCB-induced lipid and iron accumulation in vitro, suggesting that LCN2 plays a pivotal role in PCB-induced NAFLD/NASH. We observed that recombinant FGF21 improved hepatic steatosis and HIO in the PCB-induced NAFLD/NASH models. Importantly, recombinant FGF21 reduced the PCB-induced overexpression of hepatic LCN2 in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that recombinant FGF21 attenuates PCB-induced NAFLD/NASH by modulating hepatic lipocalin-2 expression. Our data suggest that hepatic LCN2 might represent a suitable therapeutic target for improving PCB-induced NAFLD/NASH accompanying HIO.
Managing Large 3D Urban Database Contents supporting Phototexture and Levels of Detail (1997)

We present a method to handle large database contents for visualization of urban scenes. These data consist of geometry (vector data) and phototexture from images (raster data) which have different size and different characteristics. A high emphasis is given to the possibility of remote use (client/server system) and therefore of special concepts to manage, retrieve, transfer and visualize data from local and remote sites.Data are organized and retrieved exploiting the concepts of a three dimensional R-tree, containig different levels of detail and texture from images stored under different resolutions. We show our results concerning two test sites, the city of Vienna and the province of Styria.
Cavitand-Functionalized SWCNTs for N-Methylammonium Detection (2012)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been functionalized with highly selective tetraphosphonate cavitand receptors. The binding of charged N-methylammonium species to the functionalized SWCNTs was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confirmed by (31)P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The cavitand-functionalized SWCNTs were shown to function as chemiresistive sensory materials for the detection of sarcosine and its ethyl ester hydrochloride in water with high selectivity at concentrations as low as 0.02 mM. Exposure to sarcosine and its derivative resulted in an increased conductance, in contrast to a decreased conductance response observed for potential interferents such as the structurally related glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride.
Nano-hardness and microstructure of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg scan tracks (2015)

Selective laser melting (SLM) of aluminium alloys faces more challenges than other ongoing alloys such as stainless steels and titanium alloys because of the material’s properties. It is important to study single scan tracks if high density large parts are to be made since they are the primary building blocks. In this study, the geometrical features of AlSi10Mg tracks indicated keyhole mode melting domination. Chemical composition mapping and nanoindentation showed enhanced nano-hardness in SLM material over conventional material with no spatial variation. This is due to a homogeneous elemental distribution and fine microstructure developed by fast solidification.
CHAPTER 26. Isoflavones, Lignans and Other Minor Polyphenols (2019)

Among the minor phenolic compounds in coffee two are structurally similar to endogenous estrogens with weak estrogenic properties that are still little known: isoflavones and lignans. These compounds have been the subject of a limited number of studies and their first detection in low amounts in coffee dates back to 1998. In spite of being just minor coffee components, because of their interesting biological activities associated with the high coffee consumption worldwide, both isoflavones and lignans cannot be neglected. The present chapter aims at reviewing analytical methods and compositional data reported so far on these little considered coffee polyphenols. The overview evidences a remarkable variability in both the incidence and content of these minor coffee components. This variability may reflect the several adopted analytical methods which often have not been optimized for coffee matrices. The presence of other minor polyphenols in coffee fruits and to a lower extent in seeds will also be discussed.
Online construction of surface light fields (2005)

We present a system for interactively capturing, constructing, and rendering surface light fields by incrementally building a low rank approximation to the surface light field. Each image is incorporated into the lighting model as it is captured, providing the user with real-time feedback. This feedback enables the user to preview the lighting model and direct the image acquisition towards undersampled areas of the object. We also provide a novel datadriven quality heuristic to aid the user in identifying undersampled regions. Our system is an order of magnitude faster than previous systems, and reduces the time necessary to capture the images and construct a surface light field from hours to minutes.
Dry Tree Semisubmersibles for Gulf of Mexico (2013)

Abstract The offshore industry has expressed a desire for combining production activities with drilling activities on semisubmersible platforms with the wellheads on the platform. This combination of activities allows for an earlier start of production while the drilling program is ongoing and/or allows well maintenance to be performed during production. These systems are typically referred to as dry tree semisubmersibles. Drilling semisubmersibles are successfully operational around the world and production semisubmersibles with subsea wells are operational in the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, and offshore Brazil. However, a dry tree semisubmersible solution for hurricane environments that is both technically and economically viable is in various stages of maturity. The challenge for these structures in hurricane environments is the magnitude of the stroke of the top tensioned risers (TTR) which is significant, and but is now within proven technology used on deepwater semisubmersible drilling rigs. This issue can be resolved technically by either reducing the vertical motion of the semisubmersible, by increasing the allowable tensioner stroke, or by a combination of both. An evaluation and discussion is provided on both solution paths with a focus not only on the technical challenges but also on the cost aspects of the proposed solution paths. Cost is affected by the tensioners, construction, integration, transportation, and installation issues. This paper will present one solution to the design challenge of a dry tree semisubmersible in hurricane conditions, and the resulting compromises will be discussed. The dry tree semisubmersible has promise to be more cost effective than spar or TLP solutions in many development scenarios, and will be an important component in developing ultra-deepwater reservoirs. Introduction The offshore industry has approached deep water oil and gas production with a mix of wet tree (subsea) and dry tree systems. Wet tree solutions typically have remote subsea wellheads/trees which are located away from the vessel and which are connected to the vessel by means of steel or flexible catenary riser systems, while the dry tree systems typically are positioned directly over the well locations so that the well is extended to the surface with a top-tensioned riser. The wet tree systems include all variations of floating vessels, including FPSO's, semisubmersibles, TLP's, and simple barges. The currently installed dry tree solutions are limited to TLP's and spars.
Tyrosine kinase inhibition reverses TDP‐43 effects on synaptic protein expression, astrocytic function and amino acid dis‐homeostasis (2016)

The trans-activating response of DNA/RNA-binding protein (TDP)-43 pathology is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases via unknown mechanisms. Here, we use a transgenic mouse model over-expressing human wild-type neuronal TDP-43 to study the effects of TDP-43 pathology on glutamate metabolism and synaptic function. We found that neuronal TDP-43 over-expression affects synaptic protein expression, including Synapsin I, and alters surrounding astrocytic function. TDP-43 over-expression is associated with an increase in glutamate and γ-amino butyric acid and reduction of glutamine and aspartate levels, indicating impairment of presynaptic terminal. TDP-43 also decreases tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism and induces oxidative stress via lactate accumulation. Neuronal TDP-43 does not alter microglia activity or significantly changes systemic and brain inflammatory markers compared to control. We previously demonstrated that brain-penetrant tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), nilotinib and bosutinib, reduce TDP-43-induced cell death in transgenic mice. Here, we show that TKIs reverse the effects of TDP-43 on synaptic proteins, increase astrocytic function and restore glutamate and neurotransmitter balance in TDP-43 mice. Nilotinib, but not bosutinib, reverses mitochondrial impairment and oxidative metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that TKIs can attenuate TDP-43 toxicity and improve synaptic and astrocytic function, independent of microglial or other inflammatory effects. In conclusion, our data demonstrate novel mechanisms of the effects of neuronal TDP-43 over-expression on synaptic protein expression and alteration of astrocytic function.
Experiments and simulations of infrared transmission by transverse electric mode through Au gratings on silicon with various Au widths (2007)

We have measured infrared (2.5˜25μm) transmission by the transverse electric (TE) mode through Au gratings on silicon substrate with various Au widths. Simulation is used by surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC) method.Simulation results agree well with experiments and offer an evanescent-wave model.
FOURIER PHASE ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERELY COMPROMISED LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION (1982)

Bunker, Stephen R.; Telepak, Robert J.; Lancaster, Jack L.; Hartshorne, Michael F.; Hammes, Craig S.; Blumhardt, Ralph Author Information
Infrared materials and fiber optics (2017)

Summary form only given. At the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), we are developing infrared glasses, ceramics and optical fibers for many active and passive applications. The chalcogenide glasses transmit from approximately 1 μm to 12 μm in the important infrared wavelength region. Fibers have been developed for passive applications, including light-pipes for remote chemical sensor systems for environmental pollution monitoring, exo-planet discovery, scanning near field optical microscopy and aircraft protection systems. Active applications have also been developed to exploit the high optical nonlinearity of the fibers to generate broadband IR supercontinuum sources and Raman wavelength shifters. In addition, rare earth doping has been used to create bright sources in the IR for applications such as dynamic IR scene projection systems. More recent developments have focused on fabricating hollow core negative curvature fiber with waveguide loss 100X lower than the material loss in the infrared. Additionally fiber devices and components have been designed and fabricated. Examples include IR fiber combiners utilized to couple the output from several QCLs in the MWIR and LWIR into a single output fiber, thereby enabling efficient power and wavelength scaling. Robust splicing between different types of fibers has also been demonstrated.We have also developed new ceramic materials with superior thermal and mechanical properties such as spinel ceramic for window and dome applications. By synthesising high purity powder, we have fabricated ceramic windows with ultra low absorption loss for exit apertures on high energy laser systems. Similarly, rare earth doped Lutetia and Yttria nano-powders have been hot pressed into transparent ceramic laser materials which exhibit record high slope efficiencies.
Intravital imaging of amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2009)

We report optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) for in vivo imaging of amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Validation using conventional fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy shows that OR-PAM has sufficient sensitivity and spatial resolution to identify amyloid plaques in living brains. In addition, with dual-wavelength OR-PAM, the three-dimensional morphology of amyloid plaques and the surrounding microvasculature are imaged simultaneously through a cranial window without angiographic contrast agents. OR-PAM, capable of providing both exogenous molecular contrast and endogenous hemoglobin contrast, has the potential to serve as a new technology for in vivo microscopic observations of cerebral plaque deposits.
HIV Env conserved element DNA vaccine alters immunodominance in macaques (2017)

Sequence diversity and immunodominance are major obstacles in the design of an effective vaccine against HIV. HIV Env is a highly-glycosylated protein composed of 'conserved' and 'variable' regions. The latter contains immunodominant epitopes that are frequently targeted by the immune system resulting in the generation of immune escape variants. This work describes 12 regions in HIV Env that are highly conserved throughout the known HIV M Group sequences (Env CE), and are poorly immunogenic in macaques vaccinated with full-length Env expressing DNA vaccines. Two versions of plasmids encoding the 12 Env CE were generated, differing by 0-5 AA per CE to maximize the inclusion of commonly detected variants. In contrast to the full-length env DNA vaccine, vaccination of macaques with a combination of these 2 Env CE DNA induced robust, durable cellular immune responses with a significant fraction of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with cytotoxic phenotype (Granzyme B<sup>+</sup> and CD107a<sup>+</sup>). Although inefficient in generating primary responses to the CE, boosting of the Env CE DNA primed macaques with the intact env DNA vaccine potently augmented pre-existing immunity, increasing magnitude, breadth and cytotoxicity of the cellular responses. Fine mapping showed that 7 of the 12 CE elicited T cell responses. Env CE DNA also induced humoral responses able to recognize the full-length Env. Env CE plasmids are therefore capable of inducing durable responses to highly conserved regions of Env that are frequently absent after Env vaccination or immunologically subdominant. These modified antigens are candidates for use as prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccines.
How Can Cardiac MR Imaging Help Guide Development of Gene Therapy for Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease? (2007)

Jacquier et al have shown with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that therapy with direct intracardiac injection of vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF) improves myocardial function in a model of myocardial infarction in swine. Jacquier and colleagues used MR imaging to measure left ventricular (LV) function and strain and showed that animals treated with gene therapy had stable ejection fraction whereas control animals deteriorated.
Critical Examination of Gas-Phase Protein Conformation/Multimer Ion Formation by Electrospray Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (2013)

The generally accepted view of protein structure in the gas-phase is that protein ions produced by electrospray ionization (ESI) exist in a number of different states, and the resulting charge state distribution (CSD) and ion mobility spectrum is interpreted as evidence for protein ions retaining some memory of solution-phase conformation. Even with the inclusion of ion mobility information, reports of protein ion structure in the gas-phase are oftentimes in disagreement not only within the discipline but also as interpreted by other gas-phase techniques. The focus of this work will be to correctly distinguish truly different ion conformations formed by ESI versus homomultimeric complexes with the same m/z. The concentration of cytochrome c in solution was varied over a wide range, and the multiply charged multimers (MCMs) present in the ion mobility/mass spectrum were unambiguously assigned by m/z selection and dissociation prior to ion mobility/mass spectrometry analysis. The results revealed false negatives for protein oligomer formation and false positives for protein conformational states and no evidence that gas-phase cytochrome c ions retain memory of solution-phase conformation, characteristics of great importance for structural biology. The results also suggest that the total IM-MS distribution for a protein is the complex result of individual MCMs either surviving until detection (undissociated) or dissociating into lower order multimers or a number of product ions for each m/z.
<α>1-Adrenergic Responsiveness during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (1988)

Elevated catecholamines and beta-adrenergic receptor hyporesponsiveness (or desensitization) have been demonstrated in failing human myocardium, but the role of the alpha-adrenergic receptor remains unclear. The authors tested the hypothesis that alpha 1-adrenergic responsiveness decreases in patients with impaired ventricular function undergoing coronary artery revascularization. Impaired ventricular function was defined prospectively by left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 40% (group I, n = 12), and normal ventricular function by ejection fraction greater than 40% (group II, n = 22). Phenylephrine (Phe) pressor dose-response curves were established prior to anesthesia, during fentanyl anesthesia, and during fentanyl anesthesia plus hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass at the time of aortic cross-clamp (anes + CPB/AXC). Polynomial regression of the Phe dose response curve estimated the Phe dose required to increase mean arterial blood pressure 20%, designated PD20. Although pre-anesthesia PD20 and anes + CPB/AXC PD20 values were not affected by ejection fraction, significant differences in PD20 (P less than 0.05) between groups occurred during fentanyl anesthesia (group I = 2.28 +/- 1.60 micrograms.kg-1, group II 1.57 +/- 0.98 micrograms.kg-1; mean +/- SD). Anes + CPB/AXC was associated with a significant reduction in PD20 in both groups compared with pre-anesthesia (P less than 0.01). Our results suggest impairment of alpha 1-adrenergic responsiveness occurs during fentanyl anesthesia in patients with ejection fractions less than or equal to 40% (evidenced by greater PD20 values). Although this impairment may be due to altered Phe pharmacokinetics, these results also support the possible existance of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor desensitization in this group. Reduction in PD20 during anes + CPB/AXC in all patients points to more powerful effects than fentanyl anesthesia alone; such influencing effects may include hemodilution, hypothermia, elevated plasma catecholamines, exclusion of the pulmonary circulation, or altered Phe pharmacokinetics.
The unclassified smectic phase of N-(4-n-pentyloxybenzylidene)-4-n-hexylaniline (50.6) (1980)

For many years, N-(4-n-pentyloxybenzylidene)-4-n-hexylaniline (50.6) has been known to exhibit an unclassified smectic phase. This phase has been shown to occur between a smectic B and a smectic G phase, and the transitions to and from the phase on both heating and cooling have been shown to be truly reversible. The nature of the unclassified phase has now been investigated fully, and we have shown that it has the classification-smectic F. Therefore, 50.6 exhibits the sequence (1) of enantiotropic phases : N, SA, SC, SB, SF, SG and the last three phases in this sequence show a change from an ordered to a less ordered to a more ordered smectic phase with temperature change.