gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photochemical Rearrangements of Bicyclic Cross‐ Conjugated Cyclohexadienones Containing δ‐Oxy Substituents. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Un sistema di misura interattivo per attività di laboratorio remoto (2005)

Le attività di insegnamento remoto si stanno sempre più affermando, sia in ambito universitario che industriale. Le materie tecniche richiedono normalmente lo svolgimento di attività di laboratorio e quindi numerosi sono i metodi proposti per consentire l’esecuzione di esperimenti remoti. Tuttavia tutti presentano lo svantaggio di non permettere allo studente di ottenere una sufficiente manualità nell’utilizzo di strumenti e componenti circuitali, cosa che invece rappresenta uno dei maggiori obiettivi delle attività di laboratorio. Questo articolo riassume le caratteristiche di un approccio orientato a risolvere tale problema. In esso lo studente deve realizzare una copia del sistema di misura reale, localizzato in un laboratorio remoto, utilizzando componenti reali e dispositivi che emulano sia strumenti di misura che generatori di tensione ac e dc. Terminata questa operazione, e verificata la correttezza del circuito realizzato, lo studente assume, per mezzo di una connessione internet, il controllo di un banco di misura remoto che implementa la stessa esercitazione scelta realizzando così, attraverso la tecnica della strumentazione virtuale, l’esercitazione desiderata.
Secure searching of biomarkers through hybrid homomorphic encryption scheme (2017)

Our solution for finding a set of biomarkers in DNA sequences shows the progress of cryptographic techniques in terms of their capability can support real-world genome data analysis in a cloud environment.
The Position Control of a Gasoline Engine during Shutdown (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Since the first stop-start system introduced in 1983, more and more vehicles have been equipped with this kind of automatic engine control system. Recently, it was found that there is strong correlation between engine resting position and the subsequent engine start time. The utilization of the synchronization time working from a required engine stop position prior the engine start request was shown to reduce start times. Hence the position control of an engine during shutdown becomes more significant. A naturally aspirated engine was modelled using the GT-Suite modelling environment to facilitate the development of position controllers using Simulink ®. The use of respectively the throttle and a belt mounted motor generator to provide a control input was considered. Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID), sliding mode and deadbeat control strategies were each used in this study. The control simulation results show that the PID control and sliding mode control can achieve accurate position control with deviations less than 0.1 degree from the target. However, the deadbeat control which was designed using an identified engine model gives poor tracking performance of a constant speed reference and unstable tracking of the constant deceleration reference. This study has produced two feasible control solutions to accurately position the crank shaft at the engines top dead centre location after shutdown. This allows the use of direct or assisted direct starting techniques which yield benefits in the quality of automatic stop/start systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
From waste incineration by-products to functional materials: a “Chimie douce” route to VOCs mineral adsorbents (2022)

Abstract One of today’s major world challenges is the accumulation and the storage of tens of millions of tons per year of final materials resulting from the incineration of domestic and industrial waste. This raises the question of the recycling of these “raw materials”, while making allowance for environmental, economic, social and public health aspects. Our strategy targets the incorporation of waste incineration by-products in a totally circular economy. We propose an innovative process combining templated sol–gel growth of an inorganic or hybrid silica-based network with a solubilized fraction of bottom ash coming from the combustion of industrial and household wastes. The resulting materials engineered via aerosol processing demonstrate maximum adsorption capacity of model pollutant compounds (1-2 dichlorobenzene) competitive with activated carbons currently used in modern incineration plants. We believe that they have the potential to replace conventional activated carbon commonly used in incineration plants, enabling the first step of the long road of recycling final waste.
CONTROLLING ROBUSTNESS AND CONSERVATIVENESS IN MULTICRITERIA INTENSITY-MODULATED PROTON THERAPY OPTIMIZATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY (2013)

Controlling robustness and conservativeness in multicriteria intensity-modulated proton therapy optimization under uncertainty
Synthesis and characterization of injectable composites of poly[D,L‐lactide‐co‐(ε‐caprolactone)] reinforced with β‐TCP and CaCO3 for intervertebral disk augmentation (2010)

Degeneration of the intervertebral disk constitutes one of the major causes of low back pain in adults aged 20-50 years old. In this study, injectable, in situ setting, degradable composites aimed for intervertebral disk replacement were prepared. β-TCP and calcium carbonate particles were mixed into acrylic-terminated oligo[D,L-lactide-co-(ε-caprolactone)], which were crosslinked at room temperature. The structure of the oligomers was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The composites were examined via SEM, and the mechanical properties of the crosslinked networks were determined. The porous β-TCP particles showed good mechanical anchorage to the matrix due to polymer penetration into the pores. In vitro degradation tests showed that the composites containing β-TCP slowly degraded, whereas the composites containing CaCO3 exhibited apatite formation capacity. It was concluded that the surface area, morphology, and solubility of the fillers might be used to control the degradation properties. The incorporation of fillers also increased both the elastic modulus and the maximum compression strength of the composites, properties that were similar to those of the physiological disk. These materials have potential for long-term intervertebral disk replacement and regenerative scaffolds because of their low degradation rates, bioactivity, and mechanical properties.
A QAM-FBMC Space-Time Block Code System with Linear Equalizers (2015)

New waveform design is one of the prominent 5G research directions which aims to increase spectrum efficiency and replace conventional cyclic prefixed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) in 4G LTE systems. In particular, filter bank multi-carrier system (FBMC) is recognized as a promising post-OFDM candidate. Like other candidates, it sacrifices subcarrier orthogonality for improved spectrum confinement. In this paper, we show that a QAM based FBMC (QAM-FBMC) space-time block code (STBC) system can achieve close to CP-OFDM performance with a linear receiver only, settling the conventional perception of the necessity of non-linear equalizers in FBMC to support multiple-input multiple-output. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: (1) in terms of complexity and error rates performance our proposed QAM-FBMC system outperforms conventional OQAM-FBMC scheme; (2) a performance lower bound is shown numerically that QAM-FBMC attains close to CP-OFDM error rates.
High-power, high-repetition UV beam generation with an all-solid-state laser (2007)

A Q-switched diode-pumped Nd:YAG master oscillator and power amplifier system is developed in this study as a light source of frequency conversion. 300 W TEM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</sub> mode linearly polarized 1064 nm beam is generated at a high repetition rate of 10-30 kHz. The 266 nm average power of 27.9 W and the 213 nm average power of 10.2 W is obtained with the high quality CsLiB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> crystal for the fourth and fifth harmonic generation. This is so far the highest 213-nm power obtained with a solid state laser.
Clinical Implications of Studies of Erythrocytes with "Elevated Erythrocytic ATP." (1965)

s1 November 1965Clinical Implications of Studies of Erythrocytes with "Elevated Erythrocytic ATP."George J. Brewer, M.D.George J. Brewer, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-912_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElevated erythrocyte ATP is a recently described inherited abnormality in which erythrocytes of some affected individuals contain levels of ATP (6.0 µm/g hemoglobin) twice the normal mean (3.1 µm). Genetic studies of this Negro kindred are consistent with simple autosomal inheritance. Genes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and sickle hemoglobin also occur in the kindred but segregate independently. The propositus, whose erythrocytes have twice normal levels of ATP, is G-6-PD deficient. He is as susceptible to primaquine-induced hemolysis as other G-6-PD deficient subjects, and drug ingestion does not influence his erythrocytic ATP level; these findings argue strongly against one current... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: George J. Brewer, M.D.Affiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA technique for the processing of blood samples for subsequent assay of ATP, and an investigation of the method of standardization of the firefly-luciferase ATP assay 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 912-912KeywordsAdenosine triphosphateDehydrogenasesDrugsGeneticsGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyHemoglobinIngestion ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Early granuloma formation after aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is regulated by neutrophils via CXCR3‐signaling chemokines (2003)

Among the first cells to invade a site of infection, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) play an important role in the control of numerous infections. While PMN are considered critical for control of acute infections, their role in chronic infections remains less well understood. Here we report that PMN are essential for accurate early granuloma formation during chronic M. tuberculosis infection without influencing mycobacterial growth restriction. The PMN-mediated regulation of granuloma formation depended on chemokines signaling through CXCR3, in particular MIG, as indicated by immune histochemical analysis of lung sections from C57BL/6 wild-type and CXCR3(-/-) mutant mice and supported by microarray transcriptome analysis. Hence, PMN play a central role in regulating the focal granulomatous response in the lung, and this early granuloma formation can be segregated from long-term protection against pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection.
Auto-generation of passive scalable macromodels for microwave components using scattered sequential sampling (2014)

This paper presents a method for automatic construction of stable and passive scalable macromodels for parameterized frequency responses. The method requires very little prior knowledge to build the scalable macromodels thereby considerably reducing the burden on the designers. The proposed method uses an efficient scattered sequential sampling strategy with as few expensive simulations as possible to generate accurate macromodels for the system using state-of-the-art scalable macromodeling methods. The scalable macromodels can be used as a replacement model for the actual simulator in overall design processes. Pertinent numerical results validate the proposed sequential sampling strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Phosphorus Ylides by Dimethyldioxirane. Application to the Formation of Vicinal Tricarbonyls. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Light-assisted delithiation of lithium iron phosphate nanocrystals towards photo-rechargeable lithium ion batteries (2017)

Recently, intensive efforts are dedicated to convert and store the solar energy in a single device. Herein, dye-synthesized solar cell technology is combined with lithium-ion materials to investigate light-assisted battery charging. In particular we report the direct photo-oxidation of lithium iron phosphate nanocrystals in the presence of a dye as a hybrid photo-cathode in a two-electrode system, with lithium metal as anode and lithium hexafluorophosphate in carbonate-based electrolyte; a configuration corresponding to lithium ion battery charging. Dye-sensitization generates electron-hole pairs with the holes aiding the delithiation of lithium iron phosphate at the cathode and electrons utilized in the formation of a solid electrolyte interface at the anode via oxygen reduction. Lithium iron phosphate acts effectively as a reversible redox agent for the regeneration of the dye. Our findings provide possibilities in advancing the design principles for photo-rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Abstract 3140: Analysis of candidate phosphatidylinositol 3’ kinase inhibitor biomarkers in matched synchronous primary and metastatic breast cancer tumors (2011)

Abstract The class I phosphatidylinositol 3’kinase (PI3K) is activated in a wide variety of human malignancies and inhibitors targeting the PI3K pathway hold great promise in the treatment and management of cancer. Successful development of such inhibitors will be enhanced by identification of responsive patients through the use of predictive biomarkers. Using cell lines and xenograft tumor models to evaluate a collection of putative biomarkers predictive of response to the selective inhibitor GDC-0941 in breast cancer, we have found excellent activity of the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 in luminal and HER2 amplified models, and that PIK3CA mutations and HER2 amplification are highly specific biomarkers of response to this agent. PTEN was predictive in some but not all cases, suggesting a need for further biomarkers of response in PTEN-driven disease. Here we report expanded analysis of human breast tumor samples, including matched primary tumor and lymph node metastases from 59 patients, suggesting primary and metastatic sites were generally concordant in terms of status of key biomarkers such as PTEN and PIK3CA, though several notable exceptions were discovered. We also compared PTEN status determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in a subset of tumors and found evidence for chromosomal deletion of the PTEN locus in several ER+ breast cancers, suggesting that some but not all of the PTEN loss observed in breast occurs at the chromosomal level and that both FISH and IHC may have utility as diagnostic assays. While we report that PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss have reasonable prevalence to be considered as biomarkers for GDC-0941 in ER+ breast cancer, we have found a number of breast cancer models with no apparent pathway alterations but sensitivity to GDC-0941, indicating the need for additional predictive biomarkers. We identified a collection of genes for which expression levels indicate PI3K pathway activation and correlate with in vitro sensitivity to GDC-0941 as well as apparent prognostic significance in retrospective analysis of breast tumors. We report here expression analysis of these genes across matched primary breast tumors and lymph node metastases. In summary, our data provide strong rationale for developing a selective PI3K inhibitor in the ER+ breast cancer setting, and a framework for clinical implementation of predictive biomarker assays with potential utility in patient selection. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3140
Scaffold Hopping and Optimization of Small Molecule Soluble Adenyl Cyclase Inhibitors Led by Free Energy Perturbation (2023)

Free energy perturbation is a computational technique that can be used to predict how small changes to an inhibitor structure will affect the binding free energy to its target. In this paper, we describe the utility of free energy perturbation with FEP+ in the hit-to-lead stage of a drug discovery project targeting soluble adenyl cyclase. The project was structurally enabled by X-ray crystallography throughout. We employed free energy perturbation to first scaffold hop to a preferable chemotype and then optimize the binding affinity to sub-nanomolar levels while retaining druglike properties. The results illustrate that effective use of free energy perturbation can enable a drug discovery campaign to progress rapidly from hit to lead, facilitating proof-of-concept studies that enable target validation.
Data Compression: An Implementation of Huffman Coding on a Transputer Network (1993)

This report from the World Transputer Congress contains more than 120 articles that reflect the state-of-the-art in transputer applications. Topics covered include: real time control; graphic tools; systems programming; algorithms; image processing; operating systems; development and formal methods; programme environments; languages and architecture; AI and signal processing.
Barrett's esophagus: metaplastic cells with loss of heterozygosity at the APC gene locus are clonal precursors to invasive adenocarcinoma. (1996)

Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus is the second most rapidly increasing cancer in western society. The cause and pathogenesis are unknown. Although histological studies suggest that there is successive progression from metaplasia and dysplasia, with a high risk of subsequent invasive carcinoma, at present there is no direct evidence that metaplastic and dysplastic epithelia are clonal precursors of adenocarcinoma. We selected 12 esophagectomy specimens of Barrett's esophagus patients, which showed a spectrum of normal tissue, metaplasia, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma in each individual biopsy. We applied the microdissection technique to selectively procure microscopic tissue samples from H&E-stained slides for genetic evaluation using polymorphic markers flanking the APC gene locus. Identical APC gene alterations were found in the dysplastic and adenocarcinoma foci of all informative cases. The same changes were observed even in some metaplastic foci adjacent to dysplasia. Furthermore, clonality analysis of X-chromosome inactivation in female cases verified the same X-chromosome inactivation pattern in carcinoma, dysplasia, and metaplasia adjacent to dysplasia. No APC gene alterations were found in the normal epithelium and metaplasia distant from dysplasia. These data show for the first time that a tissue field of genotypic changes precedes the histopathological phenotypic changes of carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus syndrome. Our findings, in conjunction with the applied tissue microdissection technique, may help identify genotypic changes in patients with Barrett's esophagus before phenotypic changes occur. Therefore, genotyping of Barrett's metaplastic epithelium may supplement the histopathological evaluation of Barrett's esophagus.
A new high-throughput analysis to screen Ehrlichia ruminantium in field ticks (2016)

In order to improve sample screening capacity of Ehrlichia ruminantium in ticks, an automatic DNA extraction method for Amblyomma ticks and a new QPCR targeting E. ruminantium pCS20 region, pCS20 Sol1 QPCR, were developed. A comparison between the new pCS20 Sol1 QPCR, a previously published pCS20 CowTM QPCR and the gold standard nested pCS20 PCR have been carried out. pCS20 Sol1TM QPCR was highly sensitive (up to 2.4 copies per sample) and specific (16 E. ruminantium strains detected and no cross-reaction with close-related species). We showed that Sol1 QPCR and pCS20 nested PCR had similar sensitivity and specificity however there was limited risk of contamination and timeless process for pCS20 Sol1 QPCR. In parallel, a tick 16SSyb rRNA QPCR was successfully developed for DNA quality control. DNA yield and quality from ticks extracted automatically, using 16SSyb rRNA QPCR were high. 16SSyb rRNA QPCR results (n=671 ticks) showed also a good reproducibility of automatic DNA extraction with a mean Ct=23+/-3. The whole method of screening, including automatic DNA extraction and pCS20 Sol1 QPCR, demonstrated a limit of detection between 6 and 0.6 copies per sample. It was also reproducible with restricted standard deviation of Ct (+/-1.3) for samples at the limit of detection. The development of a new automatic DNA extraction and QPCR allows for improving tick sample processing and E. ruminantium diagnostic capacities using high throughput methods. More widely, the automatic DNA extraction based on DNA/RNA virus kit and the new DNA quality control method, 16SSyb rRNA QPCR, can then be used for screening other bacterium and virus and for other tick species. (Texte intégral)
Defining and Estimating Effects in Cluster Randomized Trials: A Methods Comparison (2021)

Across research disciplines, cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are commonly implemented to evaluate interventions delivered to groups of participants, such as communities and clinics. Despite advances in the design and analysis of CRTs, several challenges remain. First, there are many possible ways to specify the causal effect of interest (e.g., at the individual-level or at the cluster-level). Second, the theoretical and practical performance of common methods for CRT analysis remain poorly understood. Here, we present a general framework to formally define an array of causal effects in terms of summary measures of counterfactual outcomes. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of CRT estimators, including the t-test, generalized estimating equations (GEE), augmented-GEE, and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). Using finite sample simulations, we illustrate the practical performance of these estimators for different causal effects and when, as commonly occurs, there are limited numbers of clusters of different sizes. Finally, our application to data from the Preterm Birth Initiative (PTBi) study demonstrates the real-world impact of varying cluster sizes and targeting effects at the cluster-level or at the individual-level. Specifically, the relative effect of the PTBI intervention was 0.81 at the cluster-level, corresponding to a 19% reduction in outcome incidence, and was 0.66 at the individual-level, corresponding to a 34% reduction in outcome risk. Given its flexibility to estimate a variety of user-specified effects and ability to adaptively adjust for covariates for precision gains while maintaining Type-I error control, we conclude TMLE is a promising tool for CRT analysis.