gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization ofListeria monocytogenesisolates of food and human origins from Brazil using molecular typing procedures andin vitrocell culture assays (2010)

The spreading of diseases through foods is a worldwide concern. Here, molecular and in vitro cell-culture assays were employed to characterize 63 Brazilian Listeria monocytogenes isolates (food, 47; clinical, 16). Serotype 4b was the most predominant (49%) followed by (1/2)b (30%), (1/2)a (10%), (1/2)c (6%), 3c (3%) and 3b (2%). Ribotyping yielded 17 ribopatterns, which were grouped into four phylogenetic clusters. Cluster A comprised of 39/63 isolates primarily of food origin, and clusters B, C and D contained both food and clinical isolates. Isolates were positive for virulence determinants prfA, hlyA and inlA: clinical isolates were more invasive to Caco-2 cells and expressed high levels of inlA transcripts than the food isolates. Highly invasive isolates also provoked more Ped-2E9 cells to die by apoptosis than the weakly-invasive strains. These data demonstrate a strong genetic relatedness among clinical and food isolates and suggest transmission of a subset of L. monocytogenes strains from food to humans.
The alkaline earth intercalates of molybdenum disulfide (1975)

Molybdenum disulfide has been intercalated with calcium and strontium by means of the liquid ammonia technique. Chemical, x−ray, and superconductivity data are presented. The x−ray data reveal a lowering of crystal symmetry and increase of complexity of the structure upon intercalation with the alkaline earth metals. The Ca and Sr intercalates start to superconduct at ∼4 and 5.6°K, respectively, and show considerable anisotropy regarding the critical magnetic field.
Heteronemin as a Protein Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor (2004)

The known metabolite heteronemin was isolated from the marine sponge Hyrtios reticulata Thiele, using a bioguided fractionation with the enzyme protein farnesyl transferase as a target (IC 50 = 3 mM).In contrast, 12-epi-heteronemin, isolated from a related sponge, Hyrtios erecta Keller, did not show any noticeable inhibitory activity.
Fusing the Old with the New: Learning Relative Camera Pose with Geometry-Guided Uncertainty (2021)

Learning methods for relative camera pose estimation have been developed largely in isolation from classical geometric approaches. The question of how to integrate predictions from deep neural networks (DNNs) and solutions from geometric solvers, such as the 5-point algorithm [37], has as yet remained under-explored. In this paper, we present a novel framework that involves probabilistic fusion between the two families of predictions during network training, with a view to leveraging their complementary benefits in a learnable way. The fusion is achieved by learning the DNN un- certainty under explicit guidance by the geometric uncertainty, thereby learning to take into account the geometric solution in relation to the DNN prediction. Our network features a self-attention graph neural network, which drives the learning by enforcing strong interactions between different correspondences and potentially modeling complex relationships between points. We propose motion parmeterizations suitable for learning and show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the challenging DeMoN [61] and ScanNet [8] datasets. While we focus on relative pose, we envision that our pipeline is broadly applicable for fusing classical geometry and deep learning.
Congestion location detection: Methodology, algorithm, and performance (2009)

We address the following question in this study: Can a network application detect not only the occurrence, but also the location of congestion? Answering this question will not only help the diagnostic of network failure and monitor server's QoS, but also help developers to engineer transport protocols with more desirable congestion avoidance behavior. The paper answers this question through new analytic results on the two underlying technical difficulties: 1) synchronization effects of loss and delay in TCP, and 2) distributed hypothesis testing using only local loss and delay data. We present a practical Congestion Location Detection (CLD) algorithm that effectively allows an end host to distributively detect whether congestion happens in the local access link or in more remote links. We validate the effectiveness of CLD algorithm with extensive experiments.
A mechanism of stress-induced metal void in narrow aluminum-based metallization with the HDP CVD oxide dielectric (2003)

In 0.25 /spl mu/m design-rule devices, notch-shaped micro-voids were observed in metal lines where high density plasma (HDP) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) oxide was used as an inter-metal dielectric (IMD) material. In this study, we have investigated the process conditions related to the metal voiding. When the HDP CVD oxide deposition temperature decreased, the void formations were reduced but still occurred at narrower metal lines with 0.64 and 0.75 /spl mu/m pitches. In the case where TiN was used instead of Ti in the glue layer and Al capping layer, metal voids were not observed. This result suggests that the tensile stress induced by the reaction between Ti and Al at high temperature during HDP CVD oxide deposition is the major driving force for metal void formation. At high temperature, easy diffusion accelerates the formation of metal voids. Heat treatment at 450/spl deg/C for 30 min after metal patterning, which produces the Ti-Al reaction before deposition of the HDP CVD oxide, is proposed as the metal void prevention method.
Conformational change and suppression of the Θ-temperature for solutions of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (2018)

We determine the conformational change of polystyrene chains grafted to silica nanoparticles dispersed in deuterated cyclohexane using small-angle neutron scattering. The cyclohexane/polystyrene system exhibits an upper-critical solution temperature below which the system phase separates. By grafting the polystyrene chains to a nano-sized spherical silica particle, we observe a significant suppression in the Θ-temperature, decreasing from ≈38 °C for free polystyrene chains in d12-cyclohexane to ≈34 °C for the polystyrene-grafted nanoparticles. Above this temperature, the grafted chains are swollen and extended from the particle surface, resulting in well-dispersed grafted nanoparticles. Below this temperature, the grafted chains fully expel the solvent and collapse on the particle surface, destabilizing the nanoparticle suspension and leading to aggregation. We attribute the suppression of the Θ-temperature to a competition between entropic and enthalpic energies arising from the structure of the polymer-grafted nanoparticle in which the enthalpic terms appear to dominate.
The Chemistry of C6H6O radical cations: A study of rearrangement reactions of halogen substituted ethyl phenyl ethers (1979)

Abstract New experimental data on the rearrangement reaction of various phenoxyethyl halides to give [C 6 H 6 O] +˙ are presented and compared with previous studies so that a coherent picture of this process can be developed. By examining the metastable kinetic energy release for low energy decomposing molecular ions of the phenoxyethyl halides, it has been concluded that formation of [C 6 H 6 O] occurs by competitive 1,2 and 1,3 hydrogen shifts from the alkyl carbons to oxygen followed by a rate determining CO bond cleavage. This is substantiated by the absence of a primary hydrogen isotope effect. For more highly activated molecular ions, a new mechanism comes into play as evidenced by the appearance of a small hydrogen isotope effect. It is postulated that this third mechanism involves transfer of the alkyl hydrogen to the ortho position of the ring by a rate determining 1,5 shift, followed by a 1,3 hydrogen shift from the ortho methylene group to oxygen and rapid CO bond cleavage. This 1,3 hydrogen shift to oxygen appears to be ‘catalysed’ by the halogen atoms yielding phenol ions. No indications have been found for the formation of tautomeric 2,4‐cyclohexadienone ions. Furthermore, highly activated molecular ions produce [C 6 H 6 O] +˙ which can undergo metastable decomposition to lose carbon monoxide. Kinetic energy release measurements for the latter reaction show that the majority of these [C 6 H 6 O] +˙ ions have been formed as phenol ions as well. These arguments are supported by energetic measurements and by comparisons with previous ion cyclotron resonance and collisional activation studies.
Cryptococcus neoformans-Infected Macrophages Release Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicles: Insight into Their Components by Multi-omics (2021)

<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> causes deadly mycosis in immunocompromised individuals. Macrophages are key cells fighting against microbes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-to-cell communication mediators. The roles of EVs from infected host cells in the interaction with <i>Cryptococcus</i> remain uninvestigated. Here, EVs from viable <i>C. neoformans</i>-infected macrophages reduced fungal burdens but led to shorter survival of infected mice. <i>In vitro</i>, EVs induced naive macrophages to an inflammatory phenotype. Transcriptome analysis showed that EVs from viable <i>C. neoformans</i>-infected macrophages activated immune-related pathways, including p53 in naive human and murine macrophages. Conserved analysis demonstrated that basic cell biological processes, including cell cycle and division, were activated by infection-derived EVs from both murine and human infected macrophages. Combined proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics of EVs from infected macrophages showed regulation of pathways such as extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors and phosphatidylcholine. This form of intermacrophage communication could serve to prepare cells at more distant sites of infection to resist <i>C. neoformans</i> infection.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> causes cryptococcal meningitis, which is frequent in patients with HIV/AIDS, especially in less-developed countries. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis is close to 1 million each year globally. Macrophages are key cells that protect the body against microbes, including <i>C. neoformans</i> Extracellular vesicles are a group of membrane structures that are released from cells such as macrophages that modulate cell activities via the transfer of materials such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs. In this study, we found that <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>-infected macrophages produce extracellular vesicles that enhance the inflammatory response in <i>Cryptococcus</i>-infected mice. These <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>-infected macrophage vesicles also showed higher fungicidal biological effects on inactivated macrophages. Using omics technology, unique protein and lipid signatures were identified in these extracellular vesicles. Transcriptome analysis showed that these vesicles activated immune-related pathways like p53 in naive macrophages. The understanding of this intermacrophage communication could provide potential targets for the design of therapeutic agents to fight this deadly mycosis.
An investigation of molecular structure of copolymers using positron annihilation spectroscopy (1985)

Positron lifetime measurements were made in copolyimides synthesized from linear 4,4 prime-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylsulfide dianhydride (BDSDA)/4,4 prime-diaminodiphenyl (ODA) and BDSDA/1,3-diaminobenzene (m-phenylene diamine) homopolymers. The probability of positronium formation as well as its subsequent lifetime are lower in the BDSDA/ODA/MPD (50-50) copolyimide, indicating the presence of a transition molecular architecture characterized by higher electron density and stronger bonds which permit both chemical as well as physical entry of water molecules into it. The presence of this transition region imparts unique physical and mechanical properties to the copolyimide.
Characterisation of recombinant pyranose oxidase from the cultivated mycorrhizal basidiomycete Lyophyllum shimeji (hon-shimeji) (2010)

L. shimeji P2Ox shows properties that are comparable to those of P2Ox from white-rot fungal origin, and is in general characterised by lower K(m) and k(cat) values both for electron donor (sugar) as well as electron acceptor (ferrocenium ion, 1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-dichloroindophenol). While L. shimeji P2Ox is the least thermostable of these three enzymes (melting temperature T(m) of 54.9 degrees C; half-life time of activity tau1/2 of 0.12 at 50 degrees C and pH 6.5), P. chrysosporium P2Ox showed remarkable thermostability with T(m) of 75.4 degrees C and tau1/2 of 96 h under identical conditions.
Formation and Modification of Polymeric Membranes: Overview (1999)

Since the early 1960s, synthetic membranes have been used successfully in a wide variety of large-scale industrial applications. The rapid adoption of membranes in industry resulted from breakthrough developments in (i) membrane materials, (ii) membrane structures, and (iii) large-scale membrane production methods. This overview provides a brief introduction to some of the most common membrane formation and modification methods used for production of commercial membranes.
Targeted inhibition of mitochondrial Hsp90 suppresses localised and metastatic prostate cancer growth in a genetic mouse model of disease (2011)

The Gamitrinib has pre-clinical activity and favourable tolerability in a genetic model of localised and metastatic prostate cancer in immunocompetent mice. Selective targeting of mitochondrial Hsp90 could provide novel molecular therapy for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Effect of Linker Length on Cell Capture by Poly(ethylene glycol)-Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides (2017)

Development of antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-functionalized materials has renewed interest in using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-mediated linking to minimize unwanted interactions while engendering the peptides with sufficient flexibility and freedom of movement to interact with the targeted cell types. While PEG-based linkers have been used in many AMP-based materials, the role of the tether length has been minimally explored. Here, we assess the impact of varying the length of PEG-based linkers on the binding of bacterial cells by surface-immobilized AMPs. While higher surface densities of immobilized AMPs were observed using shorter PEG linkers, the increased density was insufficient to fully account for the increased binding activity of peptides. Furthermore, effects were specific to both the peptide and cell type tested. These results suggest that simple alterations in linking strategies-such as changing tether length-may result in large differences in the surface properties of the immobilized AMPs that are not easily predictable.
Online Censoring for Large-Scale Regressions with Application to Streaming Big Data (2016)

On par with data-intensive applications, the sheer size of modern linear regression problems creates an ever-growing demand for efficient solvers. Fortunately, a significant percentage of the data accrued can be omitted while maintaining a certain quality of statistical inference with an affordable computational budget. This work introduces means of identifying and omitting less informative observations in an online and data-adaptive fashion. Given streaming data, the related maximum-likelihood estimator is sequentially found using first- and second-order stochastic approximation algorithms. These schemes are well suited when data are inherently censored or when the aim is to save communication overhead in decentralized learning setups. In a different operational scenario, the task of joint censoring and estimation is put forth to solve large-scale linear regressions in a centralized setup. Novel online algorithms are developed enjoying simple closed-form updates and provable (non)asymptotic convergence guarantees. To attain desired censoring patterns and levels of dimensionality reduction, thresholding rules are investigated too. Numerical tests on real and synthetic datasets corroborate the efficacy of the proposed data-adaptive methods compared to data-agnostic random projection-based alternatives.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy—A New Treatment Option by Inhibition of Prolactin Secretion (2009)

Obstetric Anesthesia Digest: June 2009 - Volume 29 - Issue 2 - p 106 doi: 10.1097/01.aoa.0000350648.12700.4e
Microstructural Design of Advanced Architectures in Titanium/Platinum Thin Films by Laser Interference Metallurgy (2008)

Laser Interference Metallurgy has been used to modify locally microstructure and mechanical properties of metallic thin films with spatial periodicity. Irradiating Platinum films using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser enables the fabrication of three different microstructural architectures. Texture analyses have proven the corresponding impact on the microstructure and the anisotropy of periodic structures. Nanoindentation tests demonstrate an increase of hardness in the microcrystalline region according to the inverse Hall-Petch effect.
Polarization scatter measurements with a Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter (2004)

A Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter is used to acquire polarization-sensitive images of seven different manmade samples in multiple scattering geometries. Successive Mueller matrix images of a sample with changing incidence and scatter angles are used to develop a Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function for the sample in one plane of measurement. The Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution functions are compared, and patterns are noted. The most significant data for the scattering samples measured occurs along the diagonal of the respective Mueller matrices, indicating significant depolarization effects. Reduced depolarization data in the form of the average degree of polarization (of exiting light) for each sample is examined as a function of changing scattering geometry. Five of seven manmade samples exhibit an inverted Gaussian profile of depolarization with changing scattering geometry, the shape of which may prove useful for measuring sample properties (e.g. roughness) and for classifying or categorizing samples in a remote sensing scheme. Depolarization differences for each sample in response to changing incident polarization states are also examined, and a new metric, the degree of polarization surface, has been developed to visualize all such data simultaneously.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2013 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2013)

The 28 papers were selected from the Analog, Data Converter, RF, Wireless, and Wireline Communications sessions at the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) in San Francisco. CA, USA, held in February 2013.
TargetAd2016 (2016)

The 2nd International Workshop on Ad Targeting at Scale will be held in San Francisco, California, USA on February 22nd, 2016, co-located with the 9th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM). The main objective of the workshop is to address the challenges of ad targeting in web-scale settings. The workshop brings together interdisciplinary researchers in computational advertising, recommender systems, personalization, and related areas, to share, exchange, learn, and develop preliminary results, new concepts, ideas, principles, and methodologies on applying data mining technologies to ad targeting. We have constructed an exciting program of eight refereed papers and several invited talks that will help us better understand the future of ad targeting.
Sequential Transcription Factor Targeting for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (2008)

Transcription factors play a central role in malignant transformation by activating or repressing waves of downstream target genes. Therapeutic targeting of transcription factors can reprogram cancer cells to lose their advantages in growth and survival. The BCL6 transcriptional repressor plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and controls downstream checkpoints, including the p53 tumor suppressor gene. We report that a specific inhibitor of BCL6 called BPI can trigger a p53 response in DLBCL cells. This was partially due to induction of p53 activity and partially due to relief of direct repression by BCL6 of p53 target genes. BPI could thus induce a p53-like response even in the presence of mutant p53. Moreover, sequential BCL6 peptide inhibitors followed by p53 peptide or small-molecule activators provided a more powerful antilymphoma effect than either treatment alone by maximally restoring p53 target gene expression. Therefore, tandem targeting of the overlapping BCL6 and p53 transcriptional programs can correct aberrant survival pathways in DLBCL and might provide an effective therapeutic approach to lymphoma therapy.
Fluorescent nanodiamonds as a robust temperature sensor inside a single cell (2018)

Thermometers play an important role to study the biological significance of temperature. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) with negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy centers, a novel type of fluorescence-based temperature sensor, have physicochemical inertness, low cytotoxicity, extremely stable fluorescence, and unique magneto-optical properties that allow us to measure the temperature at the nanoscale level inside single cells. Here, we demonstrate that the thermosensing ability of FNDs is hardly influenced by environmental factors, such as pH, ion concentration, viscosity, molecular interaction, and organic solvent. This robustness renders FNDs reliable thermometers even under complex biological cellular environment. Moreover, the simple protocol developed here for measuring the absolute temperature inside a single cell using a single FND enables successful temperature measurement in a cell with an accuracy better than ±1°C.
The Effects of Nonautoclaved and Autoclaved Water-Soluble Wheat Extracts on the Growth of Clostridium perfringens (1996)

Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of necrotic enteritis, a commonly diagnosed disease in chickens that is also observed in turkeys and geese. Two trials were conducted to determine the in vitro effect of filter-sterilized, water-soluble wheat extracts on the growth of C. perfringens. The extracts were either nonautoclaved or autoclaved at 121 C for 40 min and were used to reconstitute thioglycolate broth media. Results of this study suggest that growth of C. perfringens is suppressed in vitro by inclusion of either extract. Glycosyl composition analysis revealed no significant differences in arabinose, xylose, or mannose content between the nonautoclaved and autoclaved extracts. Galactose, glucose, and total glycosyl content were significantly higher in the nonautoclaved extract.
SESAME (2004)

We present a system for a conceptual design session in the desktop Virtual Environment (DVE) and Computer Aided Design (CAD). We consider easy modification to be important for conceptual sessions, as users alter the design frequently in those sessions. The system presents new techniques to make the modification of a scene easy.