gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering Enabled Low Temperature Growth of Magnetic Insulator on Topological Insulator (2022)

Combining topological insulators (TIs) and magnetic materials in heterostructures is crucial for advancing spin-based electronics. Magnetic insulators (MIs) can be deposited on TIs using the spin-spray process, which is a unique non-vacuum, low-temperature growth process. TIs have highly reactive surfaces that oxidize upon exposure to atmosphere, making it challenging to grow spin-spray ferrites on TIs. In this work, it is demonstrated that a thin titanium capping layer on TI, followed by oxidation in atmosphere to produce a thin TiOx interfacial layer, protects the TI surface, without significantly compromising spin transport from the magnetic material across the TiOx to the TI surface states. First, it was demonstrated that in Bi2Te3/TiOx/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures that TiOx provided an excellent barrier against diffusion of magnetic species, yet maintained a large spin-pumping effect. Second, the TiOx was also used as a protective capping layer on Bi2Te3, followed by the spin-spray growth of the MI, NixZnyFe2O4 (NZFO). For the thinnest TiOx barriers, Bi2Te3/TiOx/NZFO samples had AFM disordered interfacial layer because of diffusion. With increasing TiOx barrier thickness, the diffusion was reduced, but still maintained strong interfacial spin-pumping interaction. These experimental results demonstrate a novel method of low-temperature growth of magnetic insulators on TIs enabled by interface engineering.
Extensively Conjugated Dianionic Tetrathiooxalate-Bridged Copper(II) Complexes for Synthetic Metals (1996)

Using a unique three-solvent biphasic method, we have prepared and characterized three new fully conjugated, chalcogen-rich, bridged copper(II) complexes for the preparation of molecular conductors and magnetic materials, having the general formula (Bu(4)N)(2){tto[Cu(L)](2)} (tto = C(2)S(4)(2)(-) = tetrathiooxalato; L = mnt = C(4)N(2)S(2)(2)(-) = 1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato for complex 2, dsit = C(3)Se(2)S(3)(2)(-) = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-diselenolato for complex 3, dmid = C(3)OS(4)(2)(-) = 2-oxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato for complex 4a). The single-crystal X-ray structures of 2 and 3 have been determined: 2, (Bu(4)N)(2){tto[Cu(mnt)](2)}, monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 19.549(4) Å, b = 13.519(3) Å, c = 10.162(2) Å, beta = 90.33(1) degrees, Z = 2; 3, (Bu(4)N)(2){tto[Cu(dsit)](2)}, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 9.903(1) Å, b = 15.589(1) Å, c = 18.218(1) Å, beta = 90.40(1) degrees, Z = 2. Complex 2 displays perfect planarity, while 3 shows a slight tetrahedral distortion at the metal centers, resulting in a dihedral angle of 24.86(3) degrees. Cyclic voltammetry of (Bu(4)N)(2){tto[Cu(mnt)](2)} (2), (Bu(4)N)(2){tto[Cu(dsit)](2)} (3), and (Bu(4)N)(2){tto[Cu(dmid)](2)} (4a) shows each complex to exhibit two reversible redox processes which can be attributed to {tto[Cu(L)](2)}(2)(-) right arrow over left arrow tto[Cu(L)](2)}(-) and {tto[Cu(L)](2)}(1)(-) right arrow over left arrow {tto[Cu(L)](2)}(0) couples. The structural and electronic properties of 2, 3, and 4a will be compared to those of the recently communicated analogous complex (Bu(4)N)(2){tto[Cu(dmit)](2)} (1).
Covalent Inhibition of the Histamine H3 Receptor (2019)

Covalent binding of G protein-coupled receptors by small molecules is a useful approach for better understanding of the structure and function of these proteins. We designed, synthesized and characterized a series of 6 potential covalent ligands for the histamine H<sub>3</sub> receptor (H<sub>3</sub>R). Starting from a 2-amino-pyrimidine scaffold, optimization of anchor moiety and warhead followed by fine-tuning of the required reactivity via scaffold hopping resulted in the isothiocyanate H<sub>3</sub>R ligand <b>44</b>. It shows high reactivity toward glutathione combined with appropriate stability in water and reacts selectively with the cysteine sidechain in a model nonapeptide equipped with nucleophilic residues. The covalent interaction of <b>44</b> with H<sub>3</sub>R was validated with washout experiments and leads to inverse agonism on H<sub>3</sub>R. Irreversible binder <b>44</b> (VUF15662) may serve as a useful tool compound to stabilize the inactive H<sub>3</sub>R conformation and to study the consequences of prolonged inhibition of the H<sub>3</sub>R.
Supplementary Methods, Tables 1 - 4, Figures 1 - 7 from Human Lung Epithelial Cells Progressed to Malignancy through Specific Oncogenic Manipulations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2798K, Supplementary Table S1. Primary antibodies used for immunoblotting. Supplementary Table S2. In vitro and in vivo characterization of soft agar clones derived from manipulated HBECs. Supplementary Table S3: Drug response phenotypes of isogenic clones of oncogenically manipulated HBECs. Supplementary Table S4: Significantly differentially expressed genes between tumorigenic (Clones 1, 5 and 11) and non-tumorigenic (Clones 6, 7, 8 and 9) soft agar clones of HBEC3p53,KRAS. Supplementary Figure S1: HBEC anchorage independent and dependent growth, induced senescence, phase contrast and cell cycle analyses of HBECs with and without mutant KRAS and other oncogenic manipulations. Supplementary Figure S2: Histology and immunohistochemical stains of xenograft tumors after oncogenic manipulation of HBECs, and soft agar colony formation after introduction of p53, KRAS, and c-myc oncogenic changes into HBECs. Supplementary Figure S3: Oncogenically manipulated HBECs tested for cell proliferation, stem cell and differentiation marker mRNA expression, and phase contrast morphology after growth in defined and serum containing medium, and TUNEL staining of xenograft HBEC tumors. Supplementary Figure S4: Southern blot analyses of clonal composition of oncogenically manipulated HBECs and tests of soft agar growth of individual clones. Supplementary Figure S5: Representative dose-response curves of HBEC3 and HBEC3p53,KRAS treated with standard lung cancer chemotherapy doublets. Supplementary Figure S6: Cell cycle analysis of soft agar clones of HBEC3p53,KRAS. Supplementary Figure S7: Microarray analysis of 203-probe mRNA gene signature differentially expressed between tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic soft agar clones of HBEC3p53,KRAS against clinical variables. Supplementary Figure S8: Full, uncut blots of immunoblots presented in main article.&lt;/p&gt;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Protein as a Marker for Disease Severity in Patients With Acute Infection (2016)

Background. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family implicated in programmed cell death. We recently demonstrated that TRAIL can serve as a useful biomarker for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections when computationally combined with C-reactive protein and IP-10. Here, we report that low TRAIL concentration in the blood is significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis and higher disease severity.
Amino Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbohydrate Formation: Organocatalytic One‐Step De Novo Synthesis of Keto and Amino Sugars (2006)

Abstract A direct de novo synthesis of ketoses and amino sugars by amino acid‐catalyzed asymmetric aldol, Mannich and Michael reactions with dihydroxyacetone phosphate mimics as donors is presented. Proline, proline derivatives and thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acids catalyzed the asymmetric assembly of keto sugars and amino sugars in high yield with up to &gt;99% ee. The organocatalytic C 3 +C n methodology presented herein is a direct entry to the de novo synthesis of orthogonally protected C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 ketoses, carbohydrate derivatives, amino and aza sugars and the total synthesis of polyoxamic acids. The addition of water significantly accelerated and improved the enantioselectivity of the proline‐mediated biomimetic asymmetric CC bond‐forming reactions.
The Crystal Structure of C3stau2 from Staphylococcus aureus and Its Complex with NAD (2003)

The C3stau2 exoenzyme from Staphylococcus aureus is a C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase that ADP-ribosylates not only RhoA-C but also RhoE/Rnd3. In this study we have crystallized and determined the structure of C3stau2 in both its native form and in complex with NAD at 1.68- and 2.02-A resolutions, respectively. The topology of C3stau2 is similar to that of C3bot1 from Clostridium botulinum (with which it shares 35% amino acid sequence identity) with the addition of two extra helices after strand beta1. The native structure also features a novel orientation of the catalytic ARTT loop, which approximates the conformation seen for the "NAD bound" form of C3bot1. C3stau2 orients NAD similarly to C3bot1, and on binding NAD, C3stau2 undergoes a clasping motion and a rearrangement of the phosphate-nicotinamide binding loop, enclosing the NAD in the binding site. Comparison of these structures with those of C3bot1 and related toxins reveals a degree of divergence in the interactions with the adenine moiety among the ADP-ribosylating toxins that contrasts with the more conserved interactions with the nicotinamide. Comparison with C3bot1 gives some insight into the different protein substrate specificities of these enzymes.
1 kV GaN-on-Si Quasi-Vertical Schottky Rectifier (2023)

This work demonstrates quasi-vertical GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) on 6-inch Si substrate with a breakdown voltage (BV) over 1 kV, the highest BV reported in vertical GaN-on-Si SBDs to date. The deep mesa inherently in quasi-vertical devices is leveraged to form a self-aligned edge termination, and the mesa sidewall is covered by the p-type nickel oxide (NiO) as a reduced surface field (RESURF) structure. This novel termination enables a parallel-plane junction electric field of 2.8 MV/cm. The device also shows low turn-on voltage of 0.5 V, and low specific on-resistance of 1.1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Moreover, the device exhibits excellent overvoltage robustness under the continuous 800 V stress in the unclamped inductive switching test. These results show the good promise of the low-cost vertical GaN-on-Si power diodes.
Data specialization (1996)

Given a repeated computation, part of whose input context remains invariant across all repetitions, program staging improves performance by separating the computation into two phases. An early phase executes only once, performing computations depending only on invariant inputs, while a late phase repeatedly performs the remainder of the work given the varying inputs and the results of the early computations.Common staging techniques based on dynamic compilation statically construct an early phase that dynamically generates object code customized for a particular input context. In effect, the results of the invariant computations are encoded as the compiled code for the late phase.This paper describes an alternative approach in which the results of early computations are encoded as a data structure, allowing both the early and late phases to be generated statically. By avoiding dynamic code manipulation, we give up some optimization opportunities in exchange for significantly lower dynamic space/time overhead and reduced implementation complexity.
Biologic significance of receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) as a pivotal regulator of tumor growth through angiogenesis in human uterine cancer (2007)

RCAS1 may be a pivotal regulator of tumor growth through angiogenesis. Continued exploration of the biologic function of RCAS1 may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for uterine cancer.
Deploying IPv6 Networks (2006)

An essential, comprehensive, and practical guide to IPv6 concepts, service implementation, and interoperability in existing IPv4 environments After completing Deploying IPv6 Networks, you will: Understand the current state of IPv6 technologies and services Understand the IPv6 features as they are applied in service deployments Be prepared with guidelines on how to ready your organization for a migration to IPv6 Know how to design and implement an IPv6 production-level network using the books templates and examples Have the ability to configure and troubleshoot IPv6 networks Know where IPv6 developments are moving in the future Large IPv6 production deployments worldwide are proof that the transition to the next generation of the IP protocol is no longer merely a predictionIPv6 is now touching all aspects of IP networking and communications. Therefore, understanding the technology and being able to plan, design, and deploy IPv6 services are necessary skills for networking professionals. Deploying IPv6 Networks is an essential guide to IPv6 concepts, service implementation, and interoperability in existing IPv4 environments. Youll learn about IPv6 as a mature technology ready for deployment. Deploying IPv6 Networks goes beyond addressing the basics of IPv6 yet remains accessible to readers unfamiliar with the protocol. With this book in hand, you will learn how to plan, design, deploy, and manage IPv6 services. Deploying IPv6 Networks opens with an updated Case for IPv6: a review of the IPv4 challenges and the IPv6 opportunities. It then covers the IPv6 concepts related to IP services provided in real networks. Relevant features and corresponding configuration examples are presented in a deployment context as they are applied to the various segments of the network. The IPv6 knowledge accumulated in the first part of the book is revisited in Part II, where it is leveraged in concrete and usable examples that cover most common network environments: MPLS service provider, IP service provider, and enterprise. The structure of Deploying IPv6 Networks enables you to use it as a reference for specific aspects of IPv6, as a technology study guide, or as a design guide for deploying IPv6. Youll also find that the presentation approach enables you to leverage your IPv4 experience to quickly become knowledgeable and proficient with the concepts of IPv6.
POWER7 multi-core processor design (2009)

POWER series of processors are the building block for IBM's p-Series servers. With its leading edge microarchitecture, technology and efficient implementation, POWER processors are the dominating RISC processor technology today. POWER processors form the building block for IBM's p-Series servers, which have the largest UNIX marketshare. Over the last 20 years, POWER processors have incorporated many technological innovations, often leading the industry with its new technologies. In this talk, we will describe many key architectural, micro-architectural, RAS and power-management features of the POWER7 core for the first time. POWER7 is IBM's first 8-core processor chip, with each core capable of 4-way SMT, fabricated in IBM's 45nm SOI technology with 11 levels of metal. Details of the processor core will be discussed, along with insights, technical issues and challenges related to designing high performance, power-efficient multi-core chips for building balanced servers.
High-Order Electromechanical Modulation in (2006)

Analysis of second-order electromechanical sigma-delta ( ) inertial sensors shows that in-band quan- tization error introduces a resolution penalty, which cannot be eliminated by oversampling. In addition, a tradeoff between reso- lution and phase compensation forces such systems to operate with reduced phase margin. This paper introduces high-order electro- mechanical modulation as an approach, which eliminates the quantization noise overhead and allows for increased phase com- pensation without degrading the resolution. Quasi-linear analysis is used to evaluate the contribution of the individual noise sources to the output of the system and to examine the effect of noise interaction on the behavior of electromechanical modulators.
“Back Door” Opening Implied by the Crystal Structure of a Carbamoylated Acetylcholinesterase (1999)

The crystal structure of Torpedo californica (Tc) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) carbamoylated by the physostigmine analogue 8-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)octylcarbamoyleseroline (MF268) is reported at 2.7 A resolution. In the X-ray structure, the dimethylmorpholinooctylcarbamic moiety of MF268 is covalently bound to the catalytic serine, which is located at the bottom of a long and narrow gorge. The alkyl chain of the inhibitor fills the upper part of the gorge, blocking the entrance of the active site. This prevents eseroline, the leaving group of the carbamoylation process, from exiting through this path. Surprisingly, the relatively bulky eseroline is not found in the crystal structure, thus implying the existence of an alternative route for its clearance. This represents indirect evidence that a "back door" opening may occur and shows that the release of products via a "back door" is a likely alternative for this enzyme. However, its relevance as far as the mechanism of substrate hydrolysis is concerned needs to be established. This study suggests that the use of properly designed acylating inhibitors, which can block the entrance of catalytic sites, may be exploited as a general approach for investigating the existence of "back doors" for the clearance of products.
New Self-consistent Estimates for the Effective Behavior of Some Model Nonlinear Polycrystals (2006)

New predictions for the effective behavior of nonlinear polycrystals are obtained from the nonlinear variational procedure of deBotton and Ponte Castañeda (1995), using the classical self-consistent estimates for a suitable choice of the “linear comparison polycrystal”. A distinctive feature of the new self-consistent estimates is that not only do they satisfy the Taylor and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds, but also a recent bound of Kohn & Little (1997) for two-dimensional polycrystals, which is significantly more restrictive than the Taylor bound at large grain anisotropy. This result suggests that the new self-consistent estimates may also be more accurate than other self-consistent estimates, such as those arising from the incremental model of Hill (1965), for three-dimensional nonlinear polycrystals.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ANODE METERIALS FOR PHOTOELECTROLYSIS (1983)

Abstract Nach einer Diskussion der Anforderungen an Oxidanoden für (Sonnenenergie‐) Photoelektrolysezellen [Speicherung der photoerzeugten elektrischen Energie als chemische Energie in den Elektrolyseprodukten] wird für SrTi 0,75 Zr 0,25 0 3 gezeigt, daß das Ti 4+ ‐Leitungsband durch Zr 4+ ‐Dotierung auf die gewünschte Elektronenaffinität abgestimmt werden kann, wobei gleichzeitig die O 2 ‐Entwicklung im Dunklen merklich verstärkt wird.
Millimeter-Wave Oscillator Disciplined by Molecular Rotational Spectroscopy (2022)

SummaryWe present a millimeter-wave oscillator locked to a rotational transition of gaseous nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O). Millimeter-wave radiation is generated by an optical heterodyne of two diode lasers on a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD). We perform wavelength modulation spectroscopy at 301.44 GHz to discipline the frequency difference between the diode lasers and thus, lock the millimeter-wave radiation to the molecular rotational line. We measure the frequency of the oscillator via electro-optic (EO) frequency down-conversion, referenced to a Rubidium (Rb) clock. This results in an out-of-loop fractional frequency stability of the oscillator at 10<sup>&#x2212;11</sup> at one second averaging time.
Comparison of latch-based and switch-based, sampled-data, three-phase, PWM, voltage-source inverter models for dynamic analysis (2012)

A switch-based, sampled-data, three-phase, pulse width modulated (PWM), voltage-source inverter (VSI) model for dynamic analysis has been derived and compared with the existing latch-based model. Comparisons were made for both time-domain, large-signal and z-domain, small-signal analyses. The switch-based model has the advantage of including inverter switching ripple current in the time-domain, large signal analysis, with minimal computational effort. The z-domain, small-signal model is made time-invariant using an approximation, with the limitations of using this approximation discussed. The switch-based z-domain model shows no significant difference from the latch-based model. This result confirms the validity of the latch-based analysis for z-domain for controller tuning, as long as the approximation needed for time-invariance is valid.
Hybrid Component Fixation in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty (2006)

Therapeutic study, level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Natalizumab to fingolimod (2015)

For 2 decades, it has been a high priority to develop effective therapies for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This effort has been tremendously successful, and there are currently 13 anti-inflammatory agents approved for the treatment of RRMS. These treatments vary in mechanism of action, route and frequency of administration, side-effect profiles, and efficacy. The availability of this palette of treatments creates the opportunity to control disease activity in most people with RRMS. They also demand a new level of sophistication from neurologists using these agents to treat RRMS.
Theoretical predictions for spatial covariance of the electroencephalographic signal during the anesthetic-induced phase transition: Increased correlation length and emergence of spatial self-organization (2003)

In a recent series of papers, the authors have developed a stochastic theory to describe the electrical response of a spatially homogeneous cerebral cortex to infusion of a general anesthetic agent. We showed that by modeling the GABAergic (propofol-like) drug effect as a prolongation of the inhibitory postsynaptic impulse response, we obtain a prediction that there will be a hysteretically separated pair of first-order phase transitions in the population-average excitatory soma voltage, the first occurring at the point of induction of unconsciousness, and the second at the point of emergence from unconsciousness. In the present paper we generalize our earlier "zero-dimensional" homogeneous cortex to a one-dimensional (1D) line of cortical "mass," thus allowing for the possibility of spatial inhomogeneities in neural activity. Following the spirit of our earlier adiabatic ("slow membrane") philosophy, we impose a spatioadiabatic approximation that permits us to compute analytic expressions for changes in EEG (electroencephalographic) correlation length and EEG spatial covariance as a function of anesthetic effect. We establish that the correlation length of the EEG fluctuations is expected to increase at the approach to the transition points, and this finding is consistent with both the homogeneous-cortex prediction of increased correlation time ("critical slowing down") near transition, and the recent, comprehensive anesthetic study by John et al. [Conscious. Cogn. 10, 165 (2001)] reporting an increase in EEG coherence near the points of loss and recovery of consciousness. In addition, we find that if the long-range (corticocortical) excitatory-to-inhibitory connectivity in the 1D cortex is stronger than the long-range excitatory-to-excitatory connectivity, then the spatioadiabatic system can organize itself into large-amplitude spatial patterns ("dissipative structures") consisting of giant stationary quasiperiodic voltage fluctuations distributed along the cortical rod.