gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can Tangible Robots Support Children in Learning Handwriting (2020)

A large body of research suggests that robots could indeed be useful for supporting children in learning handwriting. However, few studies have investigated the role and use of tangible robots in teaching handwriting to children with attention and/or visuo-motor coordination difficulties. Over the course of multiple iterations, globally involving 17 typically developed children and 12 children with attention and visio-motor coordination issues within one school and two different therapy centres, we have designed a robotic activity to teach the grapheme (shape) and the ductus (the way to draw) of cursive letters.
Detection and mapping of specular surfaces using multibounce LiDAR returns (2022)

We propose methods that use specular, multibounce LiDAR returns to detect and map specular surfaces that might be invisible to conventional LiDAR systems that rely on direct, single-scatter returns. We derive expressions that relate the time- and angle-of-arrival of these multibounce returns to scattering points on the specular surface, and then use these expressions to formulate techniques for retrieving specular surface geometry when the scene is scanned by a single beam or illuminated with a multi-beam flash. We also consider the special case of transparent specular surfaces, for which surface reflections can be mixed together with light that scatters off of objects lying behind the surface.
Display Modes for CT Colonography (1999)

Synthetic polyps were indistinguishable from real polyps. This method can be used to generate ground truth experimental data for comparison of CT colonographic display and detection methods.
Reversal of part of the aldehyde dehydrogenase reaction pathway during the hydrolysis of an ester (1979)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase from rabbit liver, a homogeneous protein on three distinct polyacrylamide-gel systems, has an associated 4-nitrophenyl esterase activity. At pH 7.0 in the presence of 80 micrometer-NADH and 800 micrometer-4-nitrophenyl acetate the enzyme produces NAD+ and a stoicheiometric amount of an aldehyde, as well as hydrolysing the ester. On this and other evidence it is proposed that ester hydrolysis occurs at the usual active site of the enzyme.
Some Organic Acids Acting as Stimulants of Recruitment and Feeding for the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2009)

The feeding stimulating properties of 3 organic acids (salicylic, oxalic, and glucuronic acids) and 2 nitrogen containing compounds (uric acid, and glucosamine) for the Formosan subterranean termite were tested. A two choice test between cellulosic matrices with the compounds and blanks showed that Coptotermesformosanus Shiraki significantly preferred matrices with 50 ppm of oxalic acid, salicylic acid, or a blend of equal parts of these 2 compounds plus uric acid and glucosamine. Uric acid and glucosamine did not stimulate feeding or recruitment when added alone at concentrations of 50 ppm. The blend of 4 compounds including oxalic, salicylic, and uric acids and glucosamine was most effective stimulating feeding of C. formosanus at concentrations of 50 and 200 ppm, but the blend became a feeding deterrent at 400 ppm. Glucoronic acid induced feeding stimulation at 450 ppm, but it induced feeding deterrence at 675 ppm. Results indicate that the feeding stimulating properties of these organic acids occur between narrow ranges of concentrations, which may differ significantly among different organic acids.
A Reproducible Laser-Wounded Skin Equivalent Model to Study the Effects of Aging In Vitro (2004)

Skin aging involves both chronological and photoaging processes. The effects of these processes are often overlapping and include changes in both the stratified epithelium and the fibroblast-rich dermis. Wound healing is frequently delayed with aging and can result in scarring. A skin equivalent model can be used to study the role of cells and the extracellular matrix in the process of wound healing. Current studies using this model employ a full-thickness wound placed atop a nonwounded dermis to mimic a partial-thickness wound. However, a true reproducible partial-thickness wound model has yet to be described. In this study, we investigated whether a laser-wounded skin equivalent would be a useful partial-thickness wound healing model. Three lasers were compared for the ability to generate a reproducible wound: an erbium-YAG, a high-powered excimer, and a low-powered excimer laser. Reepithelialization ability was tested using newborn and adult skin keratinocytes, adult esophageal keratinocytes, and cdk4-overexpressing newborn keratinocytes. Keratinocyte compartmentalization and basement membrane formation were assessed by immunofluorescence. The erbium-YAG and high-powered excimer laser cut reproducible wounds but left the remaining surface either discolored due to thermal damage and/or ragged; keratinocytes were unable to migrate into the wound area. The low-powered excimer laser cut reproducible wounds, leaving the cut surface intact and visibly unaltered; keratinocytes reepithelialized the wound in a collagenase-dependent manner within 3 days; and return of compartmentalization and basement membrane occurred within 14 days. The laser-wounded skin equivalent is an adjustable, reproducible partial-thickness wound model where keratinocyte biology akin to in vivo can be studied, and will be useful to study the effects of aging on wound healing.
Vibrio fischerisiderophore production drives competitive exclusion during dual‐species growth (2020)

When two or more bacterial species inhabit a shared niche, often, they must compete for limited nutrients. Iron is an essential nutrient that is especially scarce in the marine environment. Bacteria can use the production, release, and re-uptake of siderophores, small molecule iron chelators, to scavenge iron. Siderophores provide fitness advantages to species that employ them by enhancing iron acquisition, and moreover, by denying iron to competitors incapable of using the siderophore-iron complex. Here, we show that cell-free culture fluids from the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri ES114 prevent the growth of other vibrio species. Mutagenesis reveals the aerobactin siderophore as the inhibitor. Our analysis reveals a gene, that we name aerE, encodes the aerobactin exporter, and LuxT is a transcriptional activator of aerobactin production. In co-culture, under iron-limiting conditions, aerobactin production allows V. fischeri ES114 to competitively exclude Vibrio harveyi, which does not possess aerobactin production and uptake genes. In contrast, V. fischeri ES114 mutants incapable of aerobactin production lose in competition with V. harveyi. Introduction of iutA, encoding the aerobactin receptor, together with fhuCDB, encoding the aerobactin importer are sufficient to convert V. harveyi into an "aerobactin cheater."
Progress and application of through glass via (TGV) technology (2016)

Glass provides many opportunities for advanced packaging. The most obvious advantage is given by the material properties. As an insulator, glass has low electrical loss, particularly at high frequencies. The relatively high stiffness and ability to adjust the coefficient of thermal expansion gives advantages to manage warp in glass core substrates and bonded stacks for both through glass vias (TGV) and carrier applications. Glass also gives advantages for developing cost effective solutions. Glass forming processes allow the potential to form both in panel format as well as at thicknesses as low as 100 um, giving opportunities to optimize or eliminate current manufacturing methods. As the industry adopts glass solutions, significant advancements have been made in downstream processes such as glass handling and via/surface metallization. Of particular interest is the ability to leverage tool sets and processes for panel fabrication to enable cost structures desired by the industry. By utilizing the stiffness and adjustable CTE of glass substrates, as well as continuously reducing via size that can be made in a panel format, opportunities to manufacture glass TGV substrates in a panel format increase. We will provide an update on advancements in these areas as well as handling techniques to achieve desired process flows. We will also provide the latest demonstrations of electrical, thermal and mechanical reliability.
Table S3 from Small-Molecule–Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3&lt;/p&gt;
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2018 Symposium on VLSI Circuits (2019)

This Special Issue of the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits highlights some of the best papers presented at the 32nd Symposium on VLSI Circuits, held on June 18–22, 2018, at the Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, HI, USA. Industry and university engineers from all over the world reported innovative new techniques and state-of-the-art results. Papers presented covered a broad range of topics important to VLSI circuit and system designers, including topics that are also important to integrated circuit technology developers.
Adjusting Socket Size Using a Cell Phone App: Observations from Participants with Transtibial Amputation (2020)

ABSTRACT Introduction An investigation of how prosthesis users chose to adjust their socket size using a cell phone app provides insight relevant to patient care. Materials and Methods Participants with transtibial amputation used a motor-driven adjustable socket controlled with a cell phone app to adjust their socket size during an outdoor testing protocol. After donning their socket and adjusting socket size during standing, participants walked for two 20-minute bouts separated by a 5-minute sit, making socket size adjustments as desired. Results The 12 participants in this study executed a wide range of socket size adjustment strategies. During donning, some participants fully seated the locking pin before tightening the panels, whereas others chose to tighten the panels first. Some participants executed panel adjustment during weight shifting while standing. Some participants tightened to a too-tight setting, then backed off 1 increment; some slowly tightened or loosened at 1-increment steps until a preferred setting was achieved; and some tightened the socket in anticipation of terrain changes that were visually apparent ahead. Conclusions Data from this study provide a starting point for how practitioners may expect their patients to use a phone app that adjusts socket size.
Analysis and characterization of the reconstruction error in interferometric synthetic aperture imaging radiometers (2014)

The European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (SMOS) is intended to provide global maps of soil moisture and ocean surface salinity. Its payload MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis) is an L-band interferometric radiometer which achieves unprecedented resolution. It was successfully launched in November 2009 under the European Space Agency Earth Explorers program, and has since been acquiring high resolution images whose accuracy, precision and stability have been steadily improved. Although the analysis presented here has been done in the framework of SMOS, the conclusions are also valid for other types of missions using Synthetic Aperture Radiometers for observing planetary surfaces from space.
Point Spread Function Artifacts from Structured Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors (2010)

Structured mid-spatial frequency surface errors on aspheric optics can create ghost images and reduced contrast. This reduction in performance is shown to be non-linear with surface height using Fourier methods and plane wave spectrum analysis.
Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Skin Infection and Prevents Zosteriform Spread in Mice (2021)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes a lifelong latent infection with an estimated global prevalence of 66%. Primary and recurrent HSV infections are characterized by a tingling sensation, followed by an eruption of vesicles, which can cause painful erosions. Commonly used antiviral drugs against HSV infection are nucleoside analogues including acyclovir (ACV), famciclovir, and valacyclovir. Although these nucleoside analogues reduce morbidity and mortality in immunocompetent individuals, ACV-resistant HSV strains (ACV<sup>R</sup>-HSV) have been isolated from immunocompromised patients. Thus, ACV<sup>R</sup>-HSV infection poses a critical emerging public health concern. Recently, we reported that ginkgolic acid (GA) inhibits HSV-1 by disrupting viral structure, blocking fusion, and inhibiting viral protein synthesis. Additionally, we showed GA affords a broad spectrum of fusion inhibition of all three classes of fusion proteins, including those of HIV, Ebola, influenza A and Epstein Barr viruses. Here we report GA's antiviral activity against HSV-1 skin infection in BALB/cJ mice. GA-treated mice demonstrated a significantly reduced mortality rate and decreased infection scores compared to controls treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-vehicle. Furthermore, GA efficiently inhibited ACV<sup>R</sup>-HSV-1 strain 17+ in vitro and in vivo. Since GA's mechanism of action includes virucidal activity and fusion inhibition, it is expected to work alone or synergistically with other anti-viral drugs, and we anticipate it to be effective against additional cutaneous and potentially systemic viral infections.
Set-Serializability: A Formal Theory for Partitioned Data (1993)

High transaction throughput in a distributed database system can be achieved by increasing the autonomy of each site. This can be achieved by making more data available locally. One way to ensure this is to partition data items in several subsets and allocate one subset to each site. As long as a transaction can execute locally using the data items allocated to a single site, it will not need to access data at other sites. An example of partitioned data is a ticket reservation system in which instead of locating all the tickets for an event in one central site, they are divided into several lots and each lot is allocated to a site. In that way, sites can proceed locally without communication with the central site or with other sites, speeding up the processing of transactions. To guarantee correct executions, constraints must be imposed on the operations that can be executed in parallel over the partitioned data items. These constraints can be represented as distributed assertions and a mechanism must be provided to maintain them across the distributed system. The fact that the data has been partitioned may lead to situations in which an operation can not be performed over a partition of the data but it could be done if the data was not partitioned. As a consequence, Data Partitioning may reduce the overall availability of data, which is clearly undesirable. To solve this problem, a protocol has to be developed to dynamically redefine a partition of data in such a way that the data is available at the site where it is needed. In this paper we introduce a general theory for distributed assertions and a protocol for maintaining the validity of these assertions over a distributed database. The operations of the protocol are executed as an atomic transaction, which allows an analysis of the problem using an extension of serializability theory. Set-serializability is defined as the correctness criteria for these type of databases. It has the advantage of allowing standard serializable histories and histories that, due to the execution of the protocol for partitioned data, contain cyclic dependencies among transactions. Such transactions must cooperate to maintain the correctness of the database and the validity f the distributed assertions. Thus, set-serializability guarantees the correctness of the database both from the serializability point of view and from the assertions point of view. Our approach is novel and makes several significant contributions. Our theory models both partitioned and non-partitioned data objects and we propose solutions that integrate both concurrency control and recovery. In particular, we propose the notion of transactions sets and set history, that allow a set of independent transactions to cooperate to maintain the database consistency and to terminate conditionally to each other. Thus, the set of executions allowed by set-serializability is a superset of of that allowed by serializability. Previous approaches considered
New Dermatological Agents for the Treatment of Psoriasis (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTNew Dermatological Agents for the Treatment of PsoriasisScott M. Thacher, Jayasree Vasudevan, Kwok-Yin Tsang, Sunil Nagpal, and Roshantha A. S. ChandraratnaView Author Information Retinoid Research, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92623 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 3, 281–297Publication Date (Web):January 9, 2001Publication History Received19 January 2000Published online9 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm0000214https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0000214review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2444Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Receptors,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous multiplane imaging with a distorted diffraction grating (1999)

We describe a simple technique for simultaneously imaging multiple layers within an object field onto a single camera. The approach uses a binary diffraction grating in which the lines are distorted such that a different level of defocus is associated with each diffraction order. The design of the gratings is discussed, and their ability to image multiple object planes is validated experimentally. Extension of the technique for spherical-aberration correction is described, and it is shown how the gratings can be used as part of a wave-front-sensing system.
Electrical Characteristics of Novel Non-porous Low-k Dielectric Fluorocarbon on Cu Interconnects for 22 nm Generation and Beyond (2011)

A novel non-porous low- k dielectric, fluorocarbon, deposited by new microwave excited plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition was successfully integrated into Cu damascene interconnects for the first time. Electrical characteristics of fluorocarbon/Cu damascene lines are investigated. A compatible line to line leakage current to the one with porous low- k carbon doped silicon oxide and a low effective dielectric constant as a value of 2.5 are achieved. The novel non-porous ultralow- k dielectric, fluorocarbon, is considered as a promising candidate to extendible for 22 nm generation and beyond.
Investigation of Electron-Beam Induced Damage in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

Lithium-ion batteries are extensively used to transform chemical energy into the electrical energy and vice versa. These batteries are inevitably the best candidates for portable devices such as mobile phones, laptops and specially in the fast-growing market of electrical automobiles. The performance of these batteries is strongly connected to the microstructure of their electrodes. Thus, improvement of lithium-ion batteries requires an accurate structural investigation of their electrodes which is achievable by using electron microscopes. However, the electron microscopes may damage the specimen during the investigation process. Once the beam electrons penetrate into the material, the columbic force of nucleus and electrons can scatter the beam electrons. When beam electrons undergo high angle scattering events, the law of conservation of momentum required momentum transfer to the atoms in the sample. In cases where the transferred energy is large enough to overcome a barrier called displacement energy (Ed), the atom can be displaced from its original lattice site. This displacement of atoms is called knock-on displacement, a significant source of electron beam damage. As a light element, Lithium has very small displacement barrier which makes the lithium base electrodes vulnerable to the high energy beam of electron microscopes. In this study, we use a Density Functional Theory (DFT) based method called Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) to calculate the displacement energies. These values were then applied to the conservation of momentum to find the threshold displacement energy which is the beam energy that creates the knock-on damage inside the material during the electron microscopic investigation. Finding the safe electron beam energy range opens a new door for more accurate structural characterization of lithium compounds as a step for further improvement of lithium ion batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Grignard Reagents with Bunte Salts: A Thiol‐Free Synthesis of Sulfides. (2014)

Abstract A variety of Bunte salts react with Grignard reagents to give sulfides in good yields.
Evanescent Wave Coupling in Terahertz Waveguide Arrays (2013)

We experimentally study THz energy coupling among an array of identical parallel-plate waveguides in close proximity, with their unconfined sides facing each other. We observe stronger coupling with larger plate separations and longer propagation paths.
Translation of Particles to Wafers during Spin Coating (2013)

In this work, we developed a model to quantify the translation of particles from bulk liquid chemicals to the surface of wafers during spin coating. We tested the model by depositing dispersions of spherical particles of different concentrations onto spinning wafers, allowed the liquid to evaporate while spinning and then determined the areal density of spherical particles on the wafers. The model well described the experimental data.