gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Rebound in IL-12–Treated Tumors Is Driven by Uncommitted Peripheral Regulatory T Cells (2015)

IL-12 promotes a rapid reversal of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. However, the adjuvant activity of IL-12 is short-lived due to regulatory T cell (Treg) reinfiltration. Quantitative analysis of Treg kinetics in IL-12-treated tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes revealed a transient loss followed by a rapid 4-fold expansion of tumor Treg between days 3 and 10. Subset-specific analysis demonstrated that the posttreatment rebound was driven by the CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) neuropilin-1(low) peripheral Treg (pTreg), resulting in a 3-5-fold increase in the pTreg to CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) neuropilin-1(high) thymic Treg ratio by day 10. The expanding pTreg displayed hypermethylation of the CpG islands in Treg-specific demethylated region, CTLA-4 exon 2, and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR exon 5, were phenotypically unstable, and exhibited diminished suppressive function consistent with an uncommitted in vitro-induced Treg-like phenotype. In vitro culture of posttherapy Treg populations under Th1-promoting conditions resulted in higher levels of IFN-γ production by pTreg compared with thymic Treg, confirming their transitional state. Blockade of selected molecular mechanisms that are known to promote Treg expansion identified IDO-positive dendritic cells as the primary mediator of post-IL-12 pTreg expansion. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Anharmonic effects on a phonon-number measurement of a quantum-mesoscopic-mechanical oscillator (2004)

We generalize a proposal for detecting single-phonon transitions in a single nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) to include the intrinsic anharmonicity of each mechanical oscillator. In this scheme two NEMS oscillators are coupled via a term quadratic in the amplitude of oscillation for each oscillator. One NEMS oscillator is driven and strongly damped and becomes a transducer for phonon number in the other measured oscillator. We derive the conditions for this measurement scheme to be quantum limited and find a condition on the size of the anharmonicity. We also derive the relation between the phase diffusion back-action noise due to number measurement and the localization time for the measured system to enter a phonon-number eigenstate. We relate both these time scales to the strength of the measured signal, which is an induced current proportional to the position of the read-out oscillator.
Build-up analysis of an RSOA-based self-seeded transmitter (2014)

A different approach, focusing both on the power build-up and the optical spectrum build-up of the RSOA-based self-seeded transmitter, uncovers that steady-state is reached later than expected. Initial roundtrips are analysed to enlighten the mechanism of radiation formation from ASE.
Fast and efficient hydrogen generation catalyzed by cobalt talc nanolayers dispersed in silica aerogel (2010)

Cobalt talc nanolayers dispersed in silica aerogel constitute an active nanocomposited material with outstanding catalytic properties for the generation of hydrogen by ethanol steam reforming at low temperature. Delamination of talc particles into individual nanolayers of ca. 1.8 nm thick readily occurs under the reforming conditions, which results in a strong enhancement of the exposed catalytic active area. The presence of aerogel assures the immobilization of the talc nanolayers resulting from the delamination while maintaining an excellent mass transfer of products and reactants to the surface of the talc nanolayers. A fast and reversible surface activation for the steam reforming of ethanol occurs at 580–590 K under the reforming conditions. Magnetic characterization and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the non-reversible formation of metal cobalt ensembles during activation, which escape HRTEM detection. This material appears as a good candidate for on-board hydrogen generation from ethanol–water mixtures for mobile and portable fuel cell applications.
An experimental 16-Mbit DRAM with reduced peak-current noise (1989)

An experimental 16-Mbit CMOS DRAM with die size of 8.52 X18.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been developed. A trenched and saddled stack capacitor (TSSC) cell was invented, and storage capacitance of 30fF was obtained in a cell size of 1.65 x 3.339 ?spl mu/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Peak-current noise on the power buses during the sense-amplifier latching is suppressed by distributing large numbers of pull-down and pull-up drivers in memory core arrays. Two 4-V internal Vcc converters are used separately for peripheral and core array circuits. The reference voltage generator employs a bandgap reference circuit whose temperature stability is better than conventional MOS diode references.
Independent component analysis-based artefact reduction: application to the electrocardiogram for improved magnetic resonance imaging triggering (2009)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is required during magnetic resonance (MR) examination for monitoring patients under anaesthesia or with heart diseases and for synchronizing image acquisition with heart activity (triggering). Accurate and fast QRS detection is therefore desirable, but this task is complicated by artefacts related to the complex MR environment (high magnetic field, radio-frequency pulses and fast switching magnetic gradients). Specific signal processing has been proposed, whether using specific MR QRS detectors or ECG denoising methods. Most state-of-the-art techniques use a connection to the MR system for achieving their task, which is a major drawback since access to the MR system is often restricted. This paper introduces a new method for on-line ECG signal enhancement, called ICARE, which takes advantage of using multi-lead ECG and does not require any connection to the MR system. It is based on independent component analysis (ICA) and applied in real time. This algorithm yields accurate QRS detection for efficient triggering.
Synthesis of Macrocyclic Complexes Using Metal Ion Templates (2016)

The first “planned” macrocycle synthesis by the Busch group was reported at the 142cd National American Chemical Society meeting in 1962. This macrocycle, a 14-membered N2S2 ring compound, was prepared by taking advantage of the ability of Ni(II) to hold the two ends of one of the reactants in place for the ring closing condensation. Descriptions are given of this synthesis and of the synthesis and properties of several novel oxygen carrier and enzyme mimic molecules.
Intercentre reproducibility of second eigenvector orientation in cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (2016)

Background Diffusion tensor imaging enables the study of cardiac microstructure in vivo, including its changes through the cardiac cycle. The left ventricle consists of myocytes with opposing helical arrangements in the epiand endocardium. Histology shows that these myocytes are arranged into small laminar “sheetlet” structures, separated by shear layers which allow the sheetlets to move and reorient relative to each other during myocardial contraction. While the direction of the first eigenvector of the cardiac diffusion tensor indicates the average direction of the myocytes in a voxel, the second eigenvector appears to indicate the mean orientation of the sheetlets (1). Recent work has demonstrated that there are differences between the motion of these sheetlets between healthy volunteers and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2). In order to facilitate comparison of sheetlet orientations in disease between different centres, the aim of this study was to test the intercentre reproducibility of the second eigenvector orientation.
Visual interaction to solving complex optimization problems. (2003)

Abstract Many real world problems can be described as complex optimization problems. Some of them can be easily formalized and are amenable to an automated solution using some (usually heuristic) optimization algorithm. Other complex problems can not be solved satisfactory by automated algorithms. The reason is that the problems and the corre-sponding optimization goals can either not be fully formalized or that they vary depending on the user and the task at hand. In both cases, there is no chance to obtain a fully automatic solution of the problem. The only possibility is to make the user an integral part of the process. In this article, we therefore propose an interactive optimization system based on visualization techniques to guide the optimization process of heuristic optimization algorithms. To show the usefulness of our ideas, we provide two example applications: First, we apply the idea in the framework of similarity search in multimedia databases. Since it is diffi-cult to specify the search task, we use visualization techniques to allow
Adaptations to Endurance and Strength Training (2017)

The capacity for human exercise performance can be enhanced with prolonged exercise training, whether it is endurance- or strength-based. The ability to adapt through exercise training allows individuals to perform at the height of their sporting event and/or maintain peak physical condition throughout the life span. Our continued drive to understand how to prescribe exercise to maximize health and/or performance outcomes means that our knowledge of the adaptations that occur as a result of exercise continues to evolve. This review will focus on current and new insights into endurance and strength-training adaptations and will highlight important questions that remain as far as how we adapt to training.
High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFCs) for Portable Power (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A robust electrical power-source is being developed based on a high-temperature (T = 140 to 230°C) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) that is fed air and hydrogen rich fuel from a hydrocarbon reformer. The chemical to electrical conversion efficiency, η, is projected to be 25 to 40% in a system with a relatively high specific power density of about 0.1 kWatt/kilogram and energy density of about 1000 Watt-hour/kilogram. These projections are based on advances in fuel cell and reformer materials as well as results with a 10-Watt breadboard, which had a HT-PEMFC and methanol steam reformer.&lt;/div&gt;
A mixed analog/digital video signal processing LSI with on-chip AD and DA converters (1989)

A special-purpose video signal processing (picture-in-picture processing) CMOS LSI with a 4-K gate digital section and on-chip video analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters has been realized. This mixed analog/digital system-on-chip VLSI (5.98 mm×6.86 mm) is designed using mixed-mode simulation and testing architecture and a noise suppression scheme, and is fabricated in a 2-μm CMOS process. The mixed analog/digital integration is a very attractive LSI feature for video system applications and satisfies future needs of system-on-chip VLSIs
Bioinformatic Prediction of Gene Ontology Terms of Uncharacterized Proteins from Chromosome 11 (2020)

In chromosome 11, 71 out of its 1254 proteins remain functionally uncharacterized on the basis of their existence evidence (uPE1s) following the latest version of neXtProt (release 2020-01-17). Because <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experimental strategies are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, there is a need for a bioinformatics tool to predict the function annotation. Here, we used I-TASSER/COFACTOR provided on the neXtProt web site, which predicts gene ontology (GO) terms based on the 3D structure of the protein. I-TASSER/COFACTOR predicted 2413 GO terms with a benchmark dataset of the 22 proteins belonging to PE1 of chromosome 11. In this study, we developed a filtering algorithm in order to select specific GO terms using the GO map generated by I-TASSER/COFACTOR. As a result, 187 specific GO terms showed a higher average precision-recall score at the least cellular component term compared to 2413 predicted GO terms. Next, we applied 65 proteins belonging to uPE1s of chromosome 11, and then 409 out of 6684 GO terms survived, where 103 and 142 GO terms of molecular function and biological process, respectively, were included. Representatively, the cellular component GO terms of CCDC90B, C11orf52, and the SMAP were predicted and validated using the overexpression system into 293T cells and immunofluorescence staining. We will further study their biological and molecular functions toward the goal of the neXt-CP50 project as a part of C-HPP. We shared all results and programs in Github (https://github.com/heeyounh/I-TASSER-COFACTOR-filtering.git).
Does Acupuncture Therapy Alter Activation of Neural Pathway for Pain Perception in Irritable Bowel Syndrome?: A Comparative Study of True and Sham Acupuncture Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2012)

We postulate that acupuncture might have the potential effect of pain modulation in IBS by 2 actions: (1) modulation of serotonin pathway at insula and (2) modulation of mood and affection in higher cortical center via ascending pathway at the pulvinar and medial nucleus of the thalamus.
Impact of the Spatial Distribution of Active Material on Bifunctional Hydrocracking (2021)

Bifunctional catalysts are the preferred choice for hydrocracking processes. Ideal hydrocracking performance is defined by quasi-instantaneous (de)hydrogenation reactions over the metal sites and limited acid catalyzed side reactions, particularly the secondary cracking of desired products. Although their performance is heavily determined by the balance in activity between metal and acid sites, the spatial arrangement between both functions also holds a significant influence. Distance represents the simplest measure of the spatial distribution of active material. Various authors have explored the influence of the distance between sites, challenging the assumption that a minimal separation is necessary for ideal hydrocracking. Experimental evidence shows the important role of diffusion in the discussion of an intimacy criterion. The balance between site dispersion and mass transport properties within the porous catalyst can serve as a guideline in the tuning or design of ideal bifunctional catalysts.
Multiple Access with Low-Density Signatures (2009)

We present sets of spreading sequences that are specifically designed to suit a belief-propagation multiuser detection structure, recently presented for overloaded system scenarios. On one hand, our sequences are of the low-density type; on the other their distance spectrum properties ensure good performance in AWGN channels. Simulations results for raw and coded bit-error probability indicate that significant performance gain is achieved over random sequences and that the loss compared to the single-user bound can be kept small.
Expansion of a unique CD57 + NKG2C hi natural killer cell subset during acute human cytomegalovirus infection (2011)

During human CMV infection, there is a preferential expansion of natural killer (NK) cells expressing the activating CD94-NKG2C receptor complex, implicating this receptor in the recognition of CMV-infected cells. We hypothesized that NK cells expanded in response to pathogens will be marked by expression of CD57, a carbohydrate antigen expressed on highly mature cells within the CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cell compartment. Here we demonstrate the preferential expansion of a unique subset of NK cells coexpressing the activating CD94-NKG2C receptor and CD57 in CMV(+) donors. These CD57(+)NKG2C(hi) NK cells degranulated in response to stimulation through their NKG2C receptor. Furthermore, CD57(+)NKG2C(hi) NK cells preferentially lack expression of the inhibitory NKG2A receptor and the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor in individuals expressing its HLA-Bw4 ligand. Moreover, in solid-organ transplant recipients with active CMV infection, the percentage of CD57(+)NKG2C(hi) NK cells in the total NK cell population preferentially increased. During acute CMV infection, the NKG2C(+) NK cells proliferated, became NKG2C(hi), and finally acquired CD57. Thus, we propose that CD57 might provide a marker of "memory" NK cells that have been expanded in response to infection.
Polymer Prodrug Nanoparticles Based on Naturally Occurring Isoprenoid for Anticancer Therapy (2013)

The synthesis of a novel class of polymer prodrug nanoparticles with anticancer activity is reported by using squalene, a naturally occurring isoprenoid, as a building block by the reversible addition-fragmentation (RAFT) technique. The RAFT agent was functionalized by gemcitabine (Gem) as anticancer drug, and the polymerization of squalenyl-methacrylate (SqMA) led to well-defined macromolecular prodrugs comprising one Gem at the extremity of each polymer chain. The amphiphilic nature of the resulting Gem-PSqMA conjugates allowed them to self-assemble into long-term stable and narrowly dispersed nanoparticles with significant anticancer activity in vitro on various cancer cell lines. To confer stealth properties on these nanoparticles, their PEGylation was successfully performed, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and complement activation assay. It was also shown that the PEGylated nanoparticles could be internalized in cancer cells to a greater extent than their non-PEGylated counterparts.
AlGaInN laser diode bar and array technology for high power and individually addressable applications (2015)

The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., ~380nm, to the visible ~530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well. Low defectivity and high uniformity GaN substrates allows arrays and bars of AlGaInN lasers with up to 20 emitters to be fabricated to obtain optical powers up to 4W at 395nm. AlGaInN laser bars are suitable for optical pumps and novel extended cavity systems for a wide range of applications. An alternative package configuration for AlGaInN laser arrays allows for each individual laser to be addressed individually allowing complex free-space and/or fibre optic system integration with a very small form-factor.
Current international research into cellulose as a functional nanomaterial for advanced applications (2022)

Abstract This review paper provides a recent overview of current international research that is being conducted into the functional properties of cellulose as a nanomaterial. A particular emphasis is placed on fundamental and applied research that is being undertaken to generate applications, which are now becoming a real prospect given the developments in the field over the last 20 years. A short introduction covers the context of the work, and definitions of the different forms of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) that are most widely studied. We also address the terminology used for CNMs, suggesting a standard way to classify these materials. The reviews are separated out into theme areas, namely healthcare, water purification, biocomposites, and energy. Each section contains a short review of the field within the theme and summarizes recent work being undertaken by the groups represented. Topics that are covered include cellulose nanocrystals for directed growth of tissues, bacterial cellulose in healthcare, nanocellulose for drug delivery, nanocellulose for water purification, nanocellulose for thermoplastic composites, nanocellulose for structurally colored materials, transparent wood biocomposites, supercapacitors and batteries.
Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Attenuates Cholesterol Crystal–Induced Inflammatory Responses by Reducing Complement Activation (2015)

Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall is a key element in the development of atherosclerosis, and cholesterol crystals (CC) that accumulate in plaques are associated with initiation and progression of the disease. We recently revealed a link between the complement system and CC-induced inflammasome caspase-1 activation, showing that the complement system is a key trigger in CC-induced inflammation. HDL exhibits cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties thought to explain its inverse correlation to cardiovascular risk. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) on CC-induced inflammation in a human whole blood model. rHDL bound to CC and inhibited the CC-induced complement activation as measured by soluble terminal C5b-9 formation and C3c deposition on the CC surface. rHDL attenuated the amount of CC-induced complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) expression on monocytes and granulocytes, as well as reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, addition of CC to whole blood resulted in release of proinflammatory cytokines that were inhibited by rHDL. Our results support and extend the notion that CC are potent triggers of inflammation, and that rHDL may have a beneficial role in controlling the CC-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting complement deposition on the crystals.
Oxidative stress of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy inhibits Candida albicans virulence (2011)

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is based on the principal that microorganisms will be inactivated using a light source combined to a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen. Oxidative damage of cell components occurs by the action of reactive oxygen species leading to cell death for microbial species. It has been demonstrated that PACT is highly efficient <i>in vitro</i> against a wide range of pathogens, however, there is limited information for its <i>in vivo</i> potential. In addition, it has been demonstrated that sublethal photodynamic inactivation may alter the virulence determinants of microorganisms. In this study, we explored the effect of sublethal photodynamic inactivation to the virulence factors of <i>Candida albicans</i>. Methylene Blue (MB) was used as photosensitizer for sublethal photodynamic challenge on <i>C. albicans</i> associated with a diode laser irradiation (&lambda;=660nm). The parameters of irradiation were selected in causing no reduction of viable cells. The potential effects of PACT on virulence determinants of <i>C. albicans</i> cells were investigated by analysis of germ tube formation and in vivo pathogenicity assays. Systemic infection was induced in mice by the injection of fungal suspension in the lateral caudal vein. <i>C. albicans</i> exposed to sublethal photodynamic inactivation formed significantly less germ tube than untreated cells. In addition, mice infected with <i>C. albicans</i> submitted to sublethal PACT survived for a longer period of time than mice infected with untreated cells. The oxidative damage promoted by sublethal photodynamic inactivation inhibited virulence determinants and reduced in vivo pathogenicity of <i>C. albicans</i>.
Roles of heme-6-propionate side chain in monooxygenase cytochrome P450cam (2008)

Clostridium acetobutylicum, an obligatory anaerobe. Rpr consists of 181 amino acids with a molecular weight of 22,500. It is rubrerythrinlike protein, and conserves rubredoxin-type [Fe(SCys)4] site in the N-terminus. Rpr rapidly reduces hydrogen peroxide using NADH as an electron donor, and slowly reduces t-butyl hydroperoxide and dioxygen. 2H + + 2Rprred(1Rprdimer red) + H2O2 = 2Rprox(1Rprdimer ox) + 2H2O In order to reveal the reaction mechanism of the reduction of hydrogen peroxide by Rpr, we have started the crystallographic study. Purified Rpr was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapor diffusion method using poly(ethylenglycol)(PEG) 4000 as a precipitant (final composition of the droplet: 12 mg/mL in 50 mM K-Pi pH 7.0 buffer, Outer droplet: 9% PEG 4000, 0.1 M Zn acetate in 0.1 M MES pH 6.0 buffer). Crystals diffracted to 2.3 angstrom resolution at the beamline BL38B1 (SPring-8), and belong to the space group P21212 (a = 81.6 , b = 117.4 , c = 141.5 ). Structure analysis is now in progress.