gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a New Manufacturing Process for Solid Powder Cosmetics (2015)

This study is related to the development of a new continuous manufacturing system for the solid powder cosmetics. This system is combined the wet powder dispersion process by an annular type medium stirring mill and the successive drying process by a flash type dryer.The impact energy of beads was calculated from a distinct element method （DEM） simulation. The impact energy increases with an increase in rotational speed of the stirring mill. In addition, this tendency is quite similar to the concentration of ferrous ion generated by wear in ion-exchange water. The other optimal operating conditions were determined by experiment. A fluorescent observation revealed that the medium stirring mill was efficient for achieving the homogeneous dispersion of powder and oil. We also investigated various drying systems, and finally found that the dry powders obtained by the flash type dryer could keep the constant particle size distribution in slurry before drying.
Sunlight Induced Oxidative Photoactivation of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Mediated by Naphthalene Imides (2013)

Abstract We report the aerobic photoactivation of N ‐hydroxyphthlimide (NHPI) to the phthalimido‐ N ‐oxyl (PINO) radical mediated by naphthalene monoimides (NI) for promoting the selective oxidation of alkylaromatics and allylic compounds to the corresponding hydroperoxides. In the absence of either NI or NHPI no oxidation was observed, meaning that the two molecules operate in a synergistic way. Sunlight as well as artificial UV‐light irradiation was necessary in order to perform the process at low temperature (30–35 °C). EPR spectroscopy confirmed the role of NI and oxygen in promoting the formation of the superoxide radicals O 2 .− which, in turn, increased the concentration of PINO radicals during the UV light irradiation of NI/NHPI mixtures in MeCN. The investigation was extended to NI bearing different substituents on the naphthalene moiety. Finally, the synthesis and application of a unique photocatalyst including the NI and NHPI moieties linked by a suitable spacer was also considered. In this case the photocatalyst showed a substrate‐dependent behaviour with some peculiarities in comparison to the system where NI and NHPI are independent units in the same reacting system. This photocatalytic system paves the way to a non‐thermal, metal‐free approach for CH bond activation towards aerobic oxidation under very mild conditions. magnified image
Targeting cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 with a therapeutic cancer vaccine (2008)

The role that the immune system plays in limiting tumor formation and growth is becoming increasingly clear and passive immunotherapeutic approaches, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, are now being successfully applied in clinical practice. Active immunization against tumors, however, has not yet been shown to have the same level of clinical efficacy. Two important reasons for this lack of efficacy have to do with the antigens being targeted, as well as the immunization approaches that have been tested. This review will highlight some of the requirements thought to be important for the successful development of an active immunization approach, with a focus on the ongoing development efforts for a novel agent targeting the cytochrome P450 family member, CYP1B1.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chromogenic Substrate for the Continuous Assay of Mammalian Phosphoinositide‐Specific Phospholipase C. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Port Isolation Method for MIMO Antenna in Small Terminals for Next Generation Mobile Networks (2011)

This paper presents a practical method to increase the isolation between two ports of a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna for mobile hand-held devices. The method consists in a connecting strip containing lumped components placed in between the low impedance zones of the two antennas. The lumped components modify the impedance of the connecting strip so that, together with the mutual coupling impedance, it acts as a band-stop filter between the two ports. As a consequence, the efficiency due to scattering parameters almost doubles and the envelope correlation coefficient decreases dramatically. Furthermore, the use of lumped components makes this method less susceptible to the presence of other components in the mobile device or the user. This method has been verified on two antenna configurations, through simulation and measurements.
Community-wide assessment of GPCR structure modelling and ligand docking: GPCR Dock 2008 (2020)

With the recent breakthroughs in G protein-coupled receptor structure, one can now compare experimentally determined structures with the most recent modeling and docking methods. A community-wide blind prediction experiment (GPCR Dock 2008) was conducted in coordination with the publication of the human adenosine A2A receptor bound to the ligand ZM241385 crystal structure (Science 322, 1211 (2008)). Twenty-nine participating groups submitted 206 models that were evaluated for the accuracy of the ligand binding mode and the overall receptor model. Several new insights emerged including the critical importance of disulfide bonds in the extracellular loops, helix residue registry, and domain knowledge.
A simple single photomask process for fabrication of high-efficiency multicrystalline-silicon solar cells (2002)

The authors have developed a simplified process sequence for the fabrication of high-efficiency multicrystalline-silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. Photolithography is required only to define the evaporated metal gridlines. The authors use this fast turn-around, high-yield baseline process to evaluate different mc-Si materials and new processing procedures. The process uses a one-step emitter diffusion/drive-in and an aluminum-alloyed back surface field to provide a well-passivated cell with excellent blue and red response. Laser-scribed cell-isolation grooves are used to define both moderate-area (4, 4.6, or 10.5 cm/sup 2/) and large-area (42 cm/sup 2/) cells. They have observed minority carrier diffusion lengths of around 300 /spl mu/m in 1.4-/spl Omega/cm mc-Si material and have achieved efficiencies of 16.8% in 4.6-cm/sup 2/ cells. Large-area cell efficiencies in the same material have reached 16.4%.
A Human-Centered Framework for Ensuring Reliability on Crowdsourced Labeling Tasks (2013)

This paper describes an approach to improving the reliability of a crowdsourced labeling task for which there is no objective right answer. Our approach focuses on three contingent elements of the labeling task: data quality, worker reliability, and task design. We describe how we developed and applied this framework to the task of labeling tweets according to their interestingness. We use in-task CAPTCHAs to identify unreliable workers, and measure inter-rater agreement to decide whether subtasks have objective or merely subjective answers.
Net Zero Energy Houses with Dispatchable Solar PV Power Supported by Electric Water Heater and Battery Energy Storage (2018)

Over a year, net zero energy (NZE) houses produce and feed zero net metered electrical energy to the grid. Technical challenges, notably the `duck curve' arise due to the fact that peak solar generation and load demand are seldom coincident. Common approaches to mitigate this limitation include the curtailment of solar power, and the use of storage. Surplus solar energy may be stored in a battery, which can subsequently be discharged to supply the home electricity needs when demand is in excess. In addition to batteries, less expensive electric water heaters, which are ubiquitous, can be modified as energy storage systems, functioning as `uni-directional batteries' by virtue of their high thermal mass. This paper proposes the use of a hybrid energy storage system including both batteries and variable power electric water heaters in NZE residences. It is demonstrated that the hybrid energy storage system along with solar PV generation coordinated and virtual power plant (VPP) controls would reduce the required battery size and ratings while still harvesting the maximum solar energy potential. The proposed control strategy enables the NZE homes to produce dispatchable power or behave like controllable loads, and benefits at the utility level are demonstrated by interconnection of NZE homes with an IEEE 13 node test feeder system. The technology has the potential to mitigate all issues related to solar power variability.
In vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 on human kidney and lung tumor cells. (2010)

Breast, kidney, lung, and prostate cancers are among the human cancers that show high propensity to form bone metastasis. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -2 and -7 are two members of the BMP superfamily which show the most potent biological activity in stimulating bone differentiation and repair. These proteins have been used in clinical treatment of orthopedic diseases and have also been studied in different types of cancer. We report here detection of mRNA coding for three type I and one type II BMP receptors in G-402 kidney tumor cells and A-549 lung tumor cells, suggesting that these cells are responsive to BMPs. We then observed that BMP-7 inhibited cell proliferation of both cell lines in a protein concentration dependent manner in vitro. Additionally, when BMP-7-treated cells were implanted into the flank region of male nude mice, smaller tumors, compared to those formed with the untreated cells, were observed. Histological analysis showed that the masses formed at the site of implantation displayed significantly less number of tumors than the control and exhibited significant ectopic bone formation. These findings raise the possibility of BMP-7 as a therapeutic agent for kidney and lung cancers.
Z-scan and beam-deflection measurements of Indium-Tin- Oxide at epsilon-near-zero (2019)

We report Z-scan and beam-deflection measurements of Indium-Tin-Oxide at epsilon- near-zero. We observe near unity change in the index. Nondegenerate beam-deflection measurements at different incident angles are used to characterize the coupling efficiency to longitudinal plasmons.
A study on social big data analysis using text clustering (2018)

Background/Objectives: As the use of big data increases in various fields, the use of social big data analysis for social media is increasing rapidly.This study proposed a method to apply text clustering for analysis by related topics of texts extracted using text mining of social big data.Methods/Statistical analysis: R was used for data collection and analysis, and social big data was collected from Twitter. The clustering model applicable to the related subject analysis of Twitter text was compared and selected and text clustering was performed. Text clustering is analyzed through a cluster dendrogram by generating a corpus, then grouping similar entities from the term-document matrix, and removing the sparse words.Findings: In this study, text clustering improves the difficulty in analyzing by word association and subject in text mining methods such as word cloud. Especially, in the text clustering model for the related topic analysis of social big data, the hierarchical clustering model based on the cosine similarity was more suitable than the non-hierarchical model for identifying which terms in the tweet have an association with each other. In addition, cluster dendrogram has been found to be effective in analyzing text contexts by grouping several groups of similar texts repeatedly in the visualization process.Improvements/Applications: This study can be used to confirm ideas and opinions of various participants by using Social Big Data, and to analyze more precisely the complex relationship between the prediction of social problems and the phenomenon.
Development of optical fibers for long-haul transmission (2016)

After advent of VAD, many technologies for manufacturing optical fibers are progressed. I review the historical topics and state-of-the art low non-linear fibers including improvement of fiber reliability.
Laparoskopische Single-Port Portalvenöse Embolisation vor Trisektorektomie (2017)

Die Poralvenöse Embolisation (PVE) ist etabliert zur Hypertrophiesteigerung vor geplanter Trisektorektomie rechts. Insbesondere große Tumoren des rechten Leberlappens können die ipsilaterale transkutane PVE limitieren, sodass eine Laparotomie mit Kanülierung einer Mesenterialvene notwendig wird.
The 1‐alkoxy‐4,5‐dichloro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole system (1980)

Abstract The 1‐alkoxy‐4,5‐dichloro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole system has been synthesized and characterized via its physical and chemical properties. INDO/S MO calculations provide a good account of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum.
The estimation of blood concentration from dialysate concentration measured by enzyme sensor and its application to automatic control of dialysis therapy (1982)

血液浄化法に対するkineticsは様々な角度から検討され, 有用な結果を与えているが, 我々は, 治療をプールモデルを用いた人体と, ダイアライザーとを組み合わせたシステムとして解析した. そして, 血液, 透析液ともに時間に対して濃度の対数の点綴が直線 (ただしRSP coil型の場合は開始後40分以降に限る) になることを利用して, 透析液のみのデータから透析液側の直線を決定し, その傾きと切片 (RSP coil型の場合は0分への外そう値) を用いて, クリアランス (またはダイアリザンス) と初期血液濃度を推定し, 任意の時間における血中濃度を推算する方法を考案し, 実験結果とよい一致を得ることができた.以上の方法をソフトウェアとして透析中の患者血液モニターを制作するための基礎として, ウレアーゼカラムとアンモニア選択電極を組み合わせて尿素センサーを試作した. 本センサーは, 安定性, 再現性に優れ, 加えて迅速測定が可能である.今後は, 患者血液のモニターラインと目標ラインとのズレを透析条件にフィードバックして透析治療を制御する方向へ発展させたいと考えている.
An ellipsoidal mirror for detection of laser‐induced fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis system: Applications for labelled antibody analysis (2008)

Abstract An LIF detector was integrated into a CE system which uses a ball lens to focus the laser beam on the CE capillary. The detector employs an ellipsoid that is glued on the capillary window, to permit the collection of the fluorescence in the capillary. This ‘trapped’ fluorescence stays in the capillary because the angle of the silica/air interface is greater than the critical angle. The performance of this new detector setup is found to be identical to the collinear setup using the same ball lens. An application to the analysis of FITC‐labeled IgG was optimized using a 14 cm effective length capillary. The LOD of an FITC‐labeled IgG2 at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm was 150 pg/mL, which was 10 times better than the LOD recorded with slab gel silver staining. Using a tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)‐labeled IgG2 and a 532 nm excitation wavelength the LOD is 50 pg/mL. The electropherograms of four different commercial FITC conjugates of IgG were studied. The presence of aggregates was observed in two samples while close kinetics of reduction was observed between free aggregates and high aggregates concentration samples. The integrated LIF detector provides an extremely powerful and convenient tool for antibody analysis and should be useful for therapeutic MAb control in pharmaceutical facilities.
Active stabilization system for a laser interferometer (1990)

An active stabilization system for a bulk optics Mach–Zhender interferometer has been assembled, with which it is possible to reduce low-frequency thermally and seismically induced optomechanical component drift. Reductions from greater than 10 dB/min variation in interferometer photodetector output signal (referenced to 1.0 μV) to less than 1 dB/min have been achieved. The active stabilization feedback loop effectively ‘‘locks the interferometer in’’ near its maximum point of sensitivity. The resulting highly stable output signal allows the interferometer to be used for applications such as micromechanical displacement measurement.
Tutorial T4B Design Challenges for High Performance Nano-Technology (2006)

This tutorial present the key aspects of design challenges and its solutions that are being experienced in VLSI design in the era of nano technology. The focus will be on design challenges that are experienced in microprocessor designs. It will capture the design issues in the areas of high level architectural modeling, design for manufacturability (DFM), layout synthesis, standard cell design, and performance verification. It will describe the requirements to meet power, timing, physical dimension and process portability goals with nano-technology. It will also address the pre and post silicon verification difficulties that have a direct impact on taking the product to market.
The Use of Tethered Addends to Decrease the Number of Isomers of Bisadduct Analogues of PCBM (2010)

Roped in: The number of isomers present in the bisadduct analogue PCBM (bis-PCBM; PCBM=phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), a recently introduced acceptor for bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices, has been reduced to seven by linking two tosylhydrazone addends with an ethylene glycol tether and reacting them with C60.
Degrees of freedom in depolarizing Mueller matrices (2007)

Most measured Mueller matrices tend to be slightly non physical due to noise and calibration issues. Based on a simple white noise model and higher dimensional geometrical considerations, only 1 out of 90 measured Mueller matrices for a non depolarizing sample should be physical, a number given by the relation [equation] which describes the ratio of the 9-dimensional solid angle inside a 9-dimensional 45° cone to the 9- dimensional solid angle in the entire 9-dimensional hypersphere. The remaining majority of measured matrices would be expected to be slightly non physical.
Extraction of Linear Growth and Damping Rates of High-Frequency Thermoacoustic Oscillations From Time Domain Data (2017)

This paper presents a set of methodologies for the extraction of linear growth and damping rates associated with transversal eigenmodes at screech level frequencies in thermoacoustically noncompact gas turbine combustion systems from time domain data. Knowledge of these quantities is of high technical relevance as a required input for the design of damping devices for high frequency (HF) oscillations. In addition, validation of prediction tools and flame models as well as the thermoacoustic characterization of a given unstable/stable operation point in terms of their distance from the Hopf bifurcation point occurs via the system growth/damping rates. The methodologies solely rely on dynamic measurement data (i.e., unsteady heat release and/or pressure recordings) while avoiding the need of any external excitation (e.g., via sirens), and are thus in principle suitable for the employment on operational engine data. Specifically, the following methodologies are presented: (1) The extraction of pure acoustic damping rates (i.e., without any flame contribution) from oscillatory chemiluminescence and pressure recordings; (2) The obtainment of net growth rates of linearly stable operation points from oscillatory pressure signals; and (3) The identification of net growth rates of linearly unstable operation points from noisy pressure envelope data. The fundamental basis of these procedures is the derivation of appropriate stochastic differential equations (SDE), which admit analytical solutions that depend on the global system parameters. These analytical expressions serve as objective functions against which measured data are fitted to yield the desired growth or damping rates. Bayesian methods are employed to optimize precision and confidence of the fitting results. Numerical test cases given by time domain formulations of the acoustic conservation equations including HF flame models as well as acoustic damping terms are set up and solved. The resulting unsteady pressure and heat release data are then subjected to the proposed identification methodologies to present corresponding proof of principles and grant suitability for employment on real systems.
Materials for high-temperature superconductor technologies : symposium held November 26-29, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2002)

Major advances in the years leading up to publication of this 2002 book in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) research resulted in the increased use of HTS materials in commercial and precommercial applications. These materials have in common the complexity of their multicomponent chemistry. Consequently, it is not surprising that many aspects of the interplay among microscopic structure, macroscopic properties and processing are still not fully understood. This book offers a comprehensive status review of high-temperature superconductors from the near-term commercialization of the first-generation BSCCO tapes, to the continuing advancement of the second-generation YBCO-coated conductors, to the development of the new MgB2 material. Fundamental material properties studies, new growth methods, device and materials integration research, and developments in designing and growing new materials, all involving epitaxial superconducting thin films, are featured.
Carrier lifetime in MBE grown Si:Sb and Si:In layers measured by the transient grating method (1988)

The carrier recombination dynamics in MBE grown silicon films, doped with Sb or In, are investigated by the transient grating method under strong pumping conditions with 35 ps laser pulses. The temporal decay of the induced gratings gives carrier lifetimes of the order 10-10-10-8 s for doping concentrations in the range 1017-1020 cm-3. A complementary theoretical evaluation of the lifetimes shows the importance of the different kinds of band-to-band Auger recombination increases with increasing doping concentration for Sb-doped Si. For In-doped (1017-1018 cm-3) Si and SRH recombination via in centres dominates. The measured lifetimes agree well with the theoretical values if it is assumed that, at the doping levels, internal stress increases the light absorption coefficient for lambda =0.53 mu m by a factor of up to 2 greater than the pure silicon value.
Debiasing social wisdom (2013)

With the explosive growth of social networks, many applications are increasingly harnessing the pulse of online crowds for a variety of tasks such as marketing, advertising, and opinion mining. An important example is the wisdom of crowd effect that has been well studied for such tasks when the crowd is non-interacting. However, these studies don't explicitly address the network effects in social networks. A key difference in this setting is the presence of social influences that arise from these interactions and can undermine the wisdom of the crowd [17].
A new adustable Schmitt Trigger based on Dual Control Gate-Floating Gate Transistor (DCG-FGT) (2012)

This paper presents a low voltage adjustable CMOS Schmitt trigger using DCG-FGT transistor. Simple circuit is introduced to provide flexibility to program the hysteretic threshold in this paper. The hysteresis can be controlled accurately at a large voltage range. The proposed Schmitt trigger has been designed using 90nm 1.2V CMOS technology and simulated using Eldo with PSP device models. The simulation results show rail-to-rail operation and independently adjustable switching voltages V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH-</sub> (low switching voltage) and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH+</sub> (high switching voltage).