gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACOUSTICS2008/2872 Time Reversal Acoustic focusing with random reverberator (2008)

Time Reversal Acoustic (TRA) focusing system based on an external reverberator can provide good focusing with minimum side lobes even with a few transducers. The focusing ability of such system can be increased using reverberator with rough boundaries or by adding internal random scatterers. The experiments were conducted with a reverberator made of a polyethylene bottle filled with water and a single piezoceramic disk attached externally to its wall. Experiments demonstrated that inserting in the bottle random hard scatterers or altering of the bottle surface significantly decreases the size of the focused spot and the level of side lobes. The new pseudo-impulse method of TRA focusing allowed suppressing piezotransducer resonances and provided formation of short wide band signals. The ability of such TRA focusing system based on random reverberator to form simultaneously multiple focuses and produce focal spots of the complex shape has been demonstrated. The application of binary radiation regime led to several fold increasing of the amplitude of the focal spot while the focal structure practically was not aected. Applications of such random focusing system for medical imaging and HIFU treatment is discussed.
Automatically Acquiring Natural Language Expressions Representing Preparation and Utilization of an Object (2006)

知的エージェントによるプラン認識などの推論を最終的な目標として, 人工物の用途とその用途を達成するための準備を表す自然言語表現を自動獲得する手法を開発した.ここで, 例えば人工物「本」の用途は「読む」ことであって, 「本を買う」「本を開く」といった表現は「本を読む」ことの準備であると見なされる.開発した手法は, 単語間の種々の共起確率を考慮しつつ, 与えられた名詞に関する用途, 準備を表す表現の候補を収集し, 最終的には教師あり学習によって用途, 準備を出力する.得られた用途, 準備に関する表現は, 人工物に関してユーザーが通常取る行為とその順序, すなわちプランの一部を表すものと考えられ, 様々な知的な推論に利用できる.より具体的なアプリケーションの例を挙げれば, 人工物に関してインターネット上で情報を収集する際のナビゲーションなどに利用できるものと考えている.
Estimation of Damage Suppression System Using Recovery Stress of Shape Memory Alloys Foil (2002)

The focus point of this paper is if Recovery Stress of SMA (Shape Memory Alloys) foil could be used as Damage Suppression system. Recovery Stress is the stress generated owing to SMA's shape memory effect when Pre-strained SMA is restricted and risen in temperature. If Recovery Stress is effective in Damage Suppression, Cross-ply laminates with embedded Pre-strained SMA foils in hot air must be suppressed Transverse Crack Density in 90° ply. According to loading-unloading test, not only the first cracking strain and the crack density of the specimens with Pre-strained SMA foils were suppressed but also the ultimate strain was larger than the specimens without them. In conclusion, that is the hopeful way Pre-strained SMA foils are used as Damage Suppression system.
Construct validity comparisons of three methods for measuring patient compliance. (1984)

A multitrait - multimethod design was employed to assess the construct validity of three commonly used methods for assessing patient compliance: physiological assessments (e.g., blood chemistries), ratings by health professionals, and patient self-reports. Subjects were patients receiving ambulatory hemodialysis treatments for end-stage renal disease, whose regimen required them to take medications, to follow dietary restrictions, and to limit fluid intake. Study findings indicated that of the three methods examined, the nurse rating approach was the most valid (although it contained only about 50 percent valid variance). Measures derived from physiological assessments contained a substantial proportion of residual error (over 70 percent), and the patient self-report method contained only about 12 percent valid variance (with about 18 percent method-effects variance, and 68 percent residual-error variance). These results make clear the need for additional research directed at developing valid methods for evaluating patient compliance behaviors.
Biologically Induced Reduction in Symmetry: A Study of Crystal Texture of Calcitic Sponge Spicules (1995)

Abstract Organisms can exert a remarkable degree of control over crystal growth. One way of achieving this is by the adsorption of specialized macromolecules on specific planes of the growing crystals. With continued growth of the crystal, the macromolecules are incorporated inside the crystal bulk. Their presence does not change the crystal structure, but creates discontinuities in the perfect lattice. Here we study in detail three unusual cases of reduction in symmetry at the level of crystal domain shapes, induced by this controlled intercalation. We examined sponge spicules, which are single crystals of Mg‐bearing calcite. They were specifically chosen for this study, because their morphologies do not reflect the hexagonal symmetry of calcite. Their crystal textures (coherence lengths and angular spreads) were characterized by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction with well‐collimated synchrotron radiation. The results are compared to analogous studies of synthetic calcite and Mg‐bearing calcite. In all the selected spicules reduction in symmetry is observed in the coherence lengths among symmetry‐related crystallographic directions. The reconstructed shapes of the domains of perfect structure closely match the specific spicule morphologies. The synthetic crystals show no such reduction in symmetry. Although the manner by which such exquisite control is achieved is not known, we envisage it involving a combination of oriented nucleation with either physical or stereochemically driven adsorption.
Alcohol Stereochemistry in Polyketide Backbones Is Controlled by the β-Ketoreductase Domains of Modular Polyketide Synthases (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAlcohol Stereochemistry in Polyketide Backbones Is Controlled by the β-Ketoreductase Domains of Modular Polyketide SynthasesCamilla M. Kao, Michael McPherson, Robert N. McDaniel, Hong Fu, David E. Cane, and Chaitan KhoslaView Author Information Departments of Chemical Engineering Chemistry, and Biochemistry Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5025 Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island 02912 KOSAN Biosciences, Inc., 1450 Rollins Road Burlingame, California 94010 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 10, 2478–2479Publication Date (Web):February 27, 1998Publication History Received17 November 1997Published online27 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973913ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973913arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Metabolism,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions,Stereochemistry Get e-Alerts
Three extensions to register integration (2003)

Register integration (or just integration) is a register renaming discipline that implements instruction reuse via physical register sharing. Initially developed to perform squash reuse, the integration mechanism can exploit more reuse scenarios. Here, we describe three extensions to the original design that expand its applicability and boost its performance impact. First, we extend squash reuse to general reuse. Whereas squash reuse maintains the concept of an instruction instance "owning" its output register, we allow multiple instructions to simultaneously share a single register. Next, we replace the PC-indexing scheme with an opcode-based indexing scheme that exposes more integration opportunities. Finally, we introduce an extension called reverse integration in which we speculatively create integration entries for the inverses of operations for instance, when renaming an add, we create an entry for the inverse subtract. Reverse integration allows us to reuse operations that the program itself has not executed yet. We use reverse integration to implement speculative memory bypassing for stack-pointer based loads (register fills and restores). Our evaluation shows that these extensions increase the integration rate - the number of retired instructions that integrate older results and bypass the execution engine -to an average of 15% on the SPEC2000 integer benchmarks. On a 4-way superscalar processor with an aggressive memory system, this translates into an average IPC improvement of 7%. The fact that integrating instructions completely bypass the execution engine raises the possibility of using integration as a low-complexity substitute for execution bandwidth and issue buffering. Our experiments show that such a trade-off is possible, enabling a range of IPC/complexity designs.
Deleterious mtDNA mutations are common in mature oocytes (2019)

Heritable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are common, yet only a few recurring pathogenic mtDNA variants account for the majority of known familial cases in humans. Purifying selection in the female germline is thought to be responsible for the elimination of most harmful mtDNA mutations during oogenesis. Here we show that deleterious mtDNA mutations are abundant in ovulated mature mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos recovered from PolG mutator females but not in their live offspring. This implies that purifying selection acts not in the maternal germline per se, but during post-implantation development. We further show that oocyte mtDNA mutations can be captured and stably maintained in embryonic stem cells and then reintroduced into chimeras, thereby allowing examination of the effects of specific mutations on fetal and postnatal development.
3D structured illumination microscopy (2011)

Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy achieves double the lateral and axial resolution of wide-field microscopy, using conventional fluorescent dyes, proteins and sample preparation techniques. A three-dimensional interference-fringe pattern excites the fluorescence, filling in the "missing cone" of the wide field optical transfer function, thereby enabling axial (z) discrimination. The pattern acts as a spatial carrier frequency that mixes with the higher spatial frequency components of the image, which usually succumb to the diffraction limit. The fluorescence image encodes the high frequency content as a down-mixed, moiré-like pattern. A series of images is required, wherein the 3D pattern is shifted and rotated, providing down-mixed data for a system of linear equations. Super-resolution is obtained by solving these equations. The speed with which the image series can be obtained can be a problem for the microscopy of living cells. Challenges include pattern-switching speeds, optical efficiency, wavefront quality and fringe contrast, fringe pitch optimization, and polarization issues. We will review some recent developments in 3D-SIM hardware with the goal of super-resolved z-stacks of motile cells.
Two‐dimensional computer analysis of current‐phase relations in microbridge josephson junction (1980)

Abstract In the microbridge Josephson junction, the current‐phase relation is obtained by solving simultaneously the Gintzburg‐Landau equation and Maxwell equation. The optimum geometry of the microbridge which produces a large Josephson effect is clarified. Unlike other Josephson junctions, the microbridge Josephson junction is of the strong‐weak‐strong superconducting structure which is generated by the current flow. A large Josephson effect is obtained when the bridge length is less than the coherence length and when the bridge width is less than the magnetic penetration depth, In and Sn are superior to Cd and Al as superconducting materials.
NFSv4 pNFS Extensions (2005)

This Internet-Draft provides a description of the pNFS extension for
NFSv4. The key feature of the protocol extension is the ability for
clients to perform read and write operations that go directly from the
client to individual storage system elements without funneling all
such accesses through a single file server. Of course, the file server
must provide sufficient coordination of the client I/O so that the
file system retains its integrity. The extension adds operations that
query and manage layout information that allows parallel I/O between
clients and storage system elements. The layouts are managed in a
similar way to delegations in that they are associated with leases and
can be recalled by the server, but layout information is independent
of delegations.
“Holey Stokes!: Stimulated Raman Scattering With a Tightly Focussed Pump” (1984)

In this paper we report a new wave propagation theory and its experimental verification for stimulated Raman scattering with a tightly focussed Gaussian pump beam. We have found that our previously obtained exact solution for homogeneous (exponential) wave growth in media with focussed Gaussian gain(1) may be extended to include coupling and growth of anti-Stokes and Stokes modes to the prescribed pump wave. The new work fully incorporates the interplay between diffraction, parametric processes and homogeneous growth, and also has a formally exact (and numerically rapid) solution. The intensity-dependent dispersion associated with the Raman gain resonance is incorporated and is essential to the proper description of the process.
The PDGF-BB-SOX7 axis-modulated IL-33 in pericytes and stromal cells promotes metastasis through tumour-associated macrophages (2016)

Signalling molecules and pathways that mediate crosstalk between various tumour cellular compartments in cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. We report a mechanism of the interaction between perivascular cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in promoting metastasis through the IL-33-ST2-dependent pathway in xenograft mouse models of cancer. IL-33 is the highest upregulated gene through activation of SOX7 transcription factor in PDGF-BB-stimulated pericytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments validate that IL-33 promotes metastasis through recruitment of TAMs. Pharmacological inhibition of the IL-33-ST2 signalling by a soluble ST2 significantly inhibits TAMs and metastasis. Genetic deletion of host IL-33 in mice also blocks PDGF-BB-induced TAM recruitment and metastasis. These findings shed light on the role of tumour stroma in promoting metastasis and have therapeutic implications for cancer therapy.
Live demonstration: A novel cuffless photoplethysmography sensor for continuous blood pressure measurement (2017)

This study proposes a novel cuffless photoplethysomgrphy (PPG) sensor for continuous blood pressure measurement. PPG is an optical noninvasive approach for sensing intravascular blood volume changes. The blood pressure algorithms are based on optical and fluid dynamic theories and the derived formula are verified by physical simulation as well as clinical experiment. Furthermore, in order to obtain PPG signals with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the circuitry in the proposed sensors includes auto gain control and auto LED intensity control to fully use the dynamic range. The demonstrations present the developed blood pressure sensors and visitors are welcome to try out the sensors by themselves. Also, the new-generation prototypes of the patch-type arrayed PPG sensors, including the new-type LED-PD modules, are also presented in the demonstration.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Thrombosis and Beyond (2004)

Tissue factor (TF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic, vascular, and inflammatory disorders, and thus, the inhibition of this membrane protein provides a unique therapeutic approach for prophylaxis and/or treatment of various diseases. In recent years, tissue-factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), the only endogenous inhibitor of the TF/FVIIa complex, has been characterized biochemically and pharmacologically. Studies in patients have demonstrated that both TF and TFPI may be indicators for the course and the outcome of cardiovascular and other diseases. Based on experimental and clinical data, TFPI may become an important drug for several clinical indications. TFPI is expected to inhibit the development of postinjury intimal hyperplasia and thrombotic occlusion in atherosclerotic vessels, and to be effective in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) such as unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI). Of special interest is the inhibition of TF-mediated processes in sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which are associated with the activation of various inflammatory pathways as well as the coagulation system. A phase II trial of the efficacy of TFPI in patients with severe sepsis showed a mortality reduction in TFPI- compared to placebo-treated patients and an improvement of organ dysfunctions. TFPI can be administered exogenously in high doses to suppress TF-mediated effects, or high amounts of TFPI can be released from intravascular stores by other drugs such as heparin and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). In this way, high concentrations of the inhibitor are provided at sites of tissue damage and ongoing thrombosis. At present clinical studies with TFPI are rather limited, and the clinical potential of the drug cannot be evaluated properly. However, TFPI and its variants are expected to undergo further development and to find indications in various clinical states.
Spectroscopic infrared near-field microscopy and x-ray reflectivity studies of order and clustering in lipid membranes (2006)

Lipid membranes were studied by infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy at several wavelengths and by x-ray reflectivity. Together with the x-ray data, the optical images indicate the formation of locally ordered multiple bilayers, and the topographical micrographs reveal the presence of islands at the surface, both critically important features for biotechnology and medical applications such as biosensors and gene therapy.
Batteries Containing Prussian Blue Analogue Electrodes (2021)

This chapter provides a practical introduction to the use of Prussian blue and its analogues as electrodes in sodium-ion cells. It describes the relevant physical and electrochemical properties of these materials. The chapter also provides illustrative examples of their use in batteries and summarizes the current commercial state-of-the-art. The discovery of ferric ferrocyanide, more commonly known as Prussian blue, predates its use in batteries by nearly three centuries. The chapter considers methods for bulk synthesis of Prussian blue analogues (PBAs). A PBA's reaction potential depends most strongly on the electrochemically active transition metal species and on which site is electrochemically active. PBA cathodes are most commonly based on the electrochemical cycling of hexacyanoferrate at high potential. PBA anodes generally operate by the reversible cycling of hexacyanomanganate or hexacyanochromate. PBA electrodes are most commonly used in cells in which both the electrodes rely on PBA active materials.
Microcavity Laser Linewidth Theory (2015)

We present a multimode laser-linewidth formula that generalizes previous theories, including corrections for cavity losses, nonlinear gain and dispersion, but is derived in a more general setting and is therefore applicable to complex wavelength-scale lasers.
Molecular and electronic structure of pentacyanocobaltate (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular and electronic structure of pentacyanocobaltateJohn J. Alexander and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 13, 3356–3357Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00989a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (260 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Unusual androgen sensitivity of the androgen-independent Dunning R-3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma: androgen effect on tumor cell loss. (1982)

Shessel et al. (Invest. Urol., 17: 529-533, 1980) have reported previously that the serially transplantable Dunning R-3327-G rat prostatic, adenocarcinoma grows faster in intact versus castrated male rats. The present study has demonstrated that this is because the G tumor is composed of androgen-independent but -sensitive prostatic cancer cells. The inclusion that G tumor cells are androgen independent is based upon the observations that these cells are capable of growing following inoculation into castrated male rats and that castration of intact male rats bearing established G tumors induces neither regression of tumor volume nor cessation of the continuous growth of the tumor. The G tumor cells, while being androgen independent, are, however, highly sensitive to androgen for their maximal rate of tumor growth. This androgen sensitivity is demonstrated by the fact that the G tumor cells can be reversibly shifted to a faster or slower growth rate simply by manipulation of the host androgen status. The androgen sensitivity of G tumor growth rate is unusual in that it is not due to androgenic stimulation of cell division but to androgen-induced inhibition of G tumor cell loss (i.e., the rate of G tumor cell loss is reduced by over 50% when androgen is present). The androgen sensitivity of G tumor cell loss is also unusual in that, due to the low level of 5 alpha-reductase activity of the G tumor, the predominant intracellular androgen responsible for this inhibition in untreated intact hosts appears to be testosterone and not dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In castrated rats, however, exogenous treatment with DHT is equally as effective as exogenous testosterone in inhibiting G tumor cell loss. These results suggest that G tumor cells are sensitive to either testosterone or DHT but that in untreated intact hosts little DHT is formed by the tumor cells.
Une néoplasie colique de cause endocrinienne... (1999)

Madame RF, nee en 1932, est hospitalisee dans le Service de chirurgie abdominale pour resection d'une neoplasie colique. Il s'agit d'un adenocarcinome moyennement differencie, depiste, a l'occasion de troubles fonctionnels abdominaux, par une colonoscopie mettant en evidence un polype colique (figure 1A) dont l'exerese a permis le diagnostic histologique. [...]