gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing bridges to nowhere - combining Boundary Scan and capacitive sensing (2009)

As printed circuit board dimensions continue to decrease, in-circuit tester (ICT) access using a bed-of-nails plus capacitive sensing is increasingly difficult. Stimulus injection using IEEE 1149.1 boundary-scan has been proposed as an alternative, but without modification it has significant limitations. An IEEE-supported Working Group is developing an extension entitled, ¿1149.8.1 - Draft standard for boundary-scan-based stimulus of interconnects to passive and/or active components¿. It would add capabilities to 1149.1 that facilitate testing of connections to non-boundary-scan components, especially passive components and vacant connectors that are connected to devices equipped with 1149.8.1 facilities. This paper describes existing limitations, IC design changes that would address them, some experimental results, and a summary of how this proposed standard is evolving.
Aging Impairs Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis and Increases Influenza-Induced Mortality in Mice (2017)

Influenza viral infections often lead to increased mortality in older people. However, the mechanisms by which aging impacts immunity to influenza lung infection remain unclear. We employed a murine model of influenza infection to identify these mechanisms. With aging, we found reduced numbers of alveolar macrophages, cells essential for lung homeostasis. We also determined that these macrophages are critical for influenza-induced mortality with aging. Furthermore, aging vastly alters the transcriptional profile and specifically downregulates cell cycling pathways in alveolar macrophages. Aging impairs the ability of alveolar macrophages to limit lung damage during influenza infection. Moreover, aging decreases alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, downregulates the scavenging receptor CD204, and induces retention of neutrophils during influenza infection. Thus, aging induces defective phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages and increases lung damage. These findings indicate that therapies that enhance the function of alveolar macrophages may improve outcomes in older people infected with respiratory viruses.
Segmenting video into classes of algorithm-suitability (2010)

Given a set of algorithms, which one(s) should you apply to, i) compute optical flow, or ii) perform feature matching? Would looking at the sequence in question help you decide? It is unclear if even a person with intimate knowledge of all the different algorithms and access to the sequence itself could predict which one to apply. Our hypothesis is that the most suitable algorithm can be chosen for each video automatically, through supervised training of a classifier. The classifier treats the different algorithms as black-box alternative “classes,” and predicts when each is best because of their respective performances on training examples where ground truth flow was available. Our experiments show that a simple Random Forest classifier is predictive of algorithm-suitability. The automatic feature selection makes use of both our spatial and temporal video features. We find that algorithm-suitability can be determined per-pixel, capitalizing on the heterogeneity of appearance and motion within a video. We demonstrate our learned region segmentation approach quantitatively using four available flow algorithms, on both known and novel image sequences with ground truth flow. We achieve performance that often even surpasses that of the one best algorithm at our disposal.
Fibronectin (1981)

The current knowledge of the structure, expression and functions and fibronectin is reviewed. Fibronectin is a high molecular glycoprotein present in the blood, connective tissue and at cell surface. It is synthesized by many types of differentiated cells and is believed to be involved in the attachment of cells to the surrounding extracellular matrix. Fibronectin has affinity to the other main components of extracellular matrix, collagen and glycosaminoglycans. It also interacts with cell surfaces as shown by the fact that fibronectin-collagen complexes, or fibronectin alone when insolubilized on a surface such as plastic, enhances the attachment of various types of cells to such surfaces. It seems that fibronectin, through its binding to collagen and to the cell surface, forms a bridge between the cell and its surrounding matrix. Circulating fibronectin may participate in the formation of extracellular matrix in tissues. It may also function as a nonspecific opsonin design to facilitate the uptake of tissue debris by phagocytic cells. Studies aimed at elucidating the significance of fibronectin in physiological phenomena and in disease have only just begun. The abundance of fibronectin in basement membrane structures and the development changes observed in its expression lead one to believe that the attachment (or lack of it) of cells to fibronectin plays a significant role in morphogenetic events or in normal development. Malignantly transformed cells tend to lack cell-associated fibronectin. The significance of the lack of surface fibronectin in transformed cells is a matter of some controversy, but it fibronectin is indeed the main mechanism that anchors cells to the extracellular matrix, disturbances of this mechanism could play an important role in malignancy and many other diseases.
Batteries and Supercapacitors—Fundamentals, Materials and Devices (E‐MRS Spring Meeting 2019): Foreword (2020)

This special collection contains a selection of research articles corresponding to contributions presented at Symposium C of the European Materials Science Meeting Edition 2019 that was held in Nice, France, from the 26th to the 31st of May 2019.
Transient Analysis during Maximum Power Point Tracking (TrAMPPT) to Assess Dynamic Response of Perovskite Solar Cells (2019)

Determination of the device performance parameters of perovskite solar cells is far from trivial as transient effects may cause large discrepancies in current-voltage measurements as a function of scan rate and pre-conditioning. Maximum power point tracking, MPPT, enables to determine the steady-state maximum power conversion efficiency. However, the MPPT does not provide any information on the device performance parameters, which are reliable only if extracted from current-voltage curves collected under steady-state conditions. We show that is possible to determine the shorter settling or delay time suitable to carry out J-V measurements under steady-state conditions by analysis of the transient device response around the MPP. This procedure proves to be more time-efficient than measurement J-V measurements at a variety of scan rates. Furthermore, the generic algorithm presented here can be implemented to assess changes in the dynamic response of devices during long-term device ageing.
Self-assembled Monolayers of 1,4-Benzenedimethanethiol on Polycrystalline Silver and Gold Films:  An Investigation of Structure, Stability, Dynamics, and Reactivity (1998)

1,4-Benzenedimethanethiol (HS−CH2−C6H4−CH2−SH, BDMT) adsorbs dissociatively on silver and gold surfaces yielding self-assembled monolayers with the thiolate structure. Whereas the molecule adsorbs flat on silver as a result of the loss of two thiol protons, it adsorbs with the molecular plane perpendicular to the gold surface with the loss of one thiol proton. This is manifested by the presence of the ring C−H and S−H stretches and the S−C−H bend for the Au monolayer and the absence of these for the Ag monolayer in the surface-enhanced Raman spectra. The difference in adsorbate geometry is presumably due to the changes in interaction and not to differences in the lattice constants of the two surfaces, which is rather small. In both cases, metal−adsorbate π bonding is weak, resulting in only small shifts in the ring modes. BDMT monolayers are more stable than alkanethiol monolayers and desorb only at a fairly high temperature of 423 K in air, whereas alkanethiols desorb below 373 K. An increase in temperature leads to structural changes in the Au monolayer and the molecules begin to lie flat on the surface, and desorption occurs from this state. The Ag monolayer is less stable thermally and desorption is eventless. Difference in the desorption temperatures point to the importance of energetics of self-assembly in determining the stability. The thiol proton on gold surfaces can be removed easily by exposing the monolayer to basic solutions. The gold monolayer upon exposure to thiols leads to the formation of disulfides, suggesting the formation of a prototypical bilayer. A completely new S−S stretching frequency is seen upon reaction with 4-methoxybenzenethiol (MOBT) with the complete absence of the S−H stretch. Other spectral features of the bilayer can be attributed to BDMT and MOBT subunits. The respective thiols in solution, however, do not react, leading to disulfide. Reaction with silver monolayer leads to the displacement of BDMT for MOBT and no reaction is observed. With n-alkanethiols, the reactivity decreases with the alkane chain length. The alkanethiol part of the spectrum resembles that of the corresponding self-assembled monolayer. Surface-enhanced reactivity of the type observed here has not been reported hitherto. The MOBT part of the bilayer desorbs first after cleaving the S−S bond and BDMT leaves the surface subsequently. X-ray exposure of the monolayers leads to beam-induced damage which is manifested in the Raman spectra. Whereas the damage is severe for Ag, part of the Au monolayer survives X-ray exposure.
A Fiber-Free DC-7 GHz 35 W Integrated Semiconductor Plasma Switch (2021)

This paper presents the first wideband, fiber-free, integrated, planar semiconductor plasma switch demonstrated in the DC-7 GHz range. The proposed solution is based on a low-cost integrated microlens that reduces the system cost by at least 5x compared to state-of-the-art fiber-based solutions. In addition to the cost reduction, the presented switch exhibits the lowest reported loss (0.37 to &#x003C;0.5 dB) among semiconductor plasma switch technologies and high power handling of at least 35 W. Additionally, the OFF -state isolation, where no light is illuminated, is 22 dB at 2 GHz. The presented solution has the potential to enable significant improvements in high-frequency, high-power, sub-microsecond beam steering applications and in other cases requiring such high-performance electronic switches.
A-BCD: An economic 100 V RESURF silicon-on-insulator BCD technology for consumer and automotive applications (2002)

A-BCD is a family of 100 V BCD processes on SOI offering latchup free operation, improved robustness, superior EMC performance, higher packing density, lower mask count, high temperature and higher frequency operation and easier design over bulk silicon technology. A wide range of a passive and active (5/12/25/60 and 100 V) devices are available. Device design tradeoffs for n- and p-type LDMOS and extended drain PMOS are discussed in detail. This and the low mask count makes it a versatile process for cost-sensitive consumer and automotive markets.
Prácticas de fundamento de ciencias de la materia: decantación. Separación de líquidos. (2021)

En esta práctica se llevará a cabo una decantación, que es un método físico de separación de los componentes de una mezcla heterogénea formada por un líquido y un sólido, o por dos líquidos inmiscibles. Más concretamente, se realizará la separación de una mezcla formada por diclorometano y una disolución acuosa de I2, estudiando primero cuál de los dos líquidos es más denso. Así mismo, se observará el proceso de extracción del I2, el cual migra desde el agua al diclorometano. En esta práctica se muestran dos procesos físicos. En primer lugar, se explica el concepto de decantación, que es un método físico de separación de los componentes de una mezcla heterogénea formada por un líquido y un sólido, o por dos líquidos inmiscibles. Así mismo, se observa el fenómeno de extracción, proceso por el cual, un soluto disuelto en un disolvente migra a otro disolvente inmiscible con el primero y por el que el soluto tiene más afinidad, es decir, es más soluble. Por último, se presenta un proceso químico por el cual, una sustancia química (I2) se transforma en otra (I-) por reacción con una sal (tiosulfato de sodio). Esta transformación se observa por el cambio de color en la disolución, que pasa de rosa (cuando el yodo está en forma de I2) a incolora (cuando el yodo está en forma de I-).
ChemInform Abstract: A PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,4,14B‐TETRAHYDRO‐2‐METHYL‐10H‐PYRAZINO(1,2‐A)PYRROLO(2,1‐C)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPINE (1:1) MALEATE (1985)

Abstract 2‐Nitro‐toluol (Ia) wird in der Seitenkette zu (Ib) bromiert und dann über die Urotropin‐Methode in das Amin (III) übergeführt, das mit 2,5‐Dimethoxy‐tetrahydrofuran zum Nitropyrrol (IVa) führt.
Flow Field Analysis and Optimized Design of a Centrifugal Compressor Volute (2021)

Abstract Turbocharging has become a fundamental technology to realize engine downsizing, which is an attractive strategy for low carbon vehicles in the near term. The stable operation of turbocharger compressors at low and high flow rates is crucial to provide peak torque demand and rated power for turbocharged automotive engines. The scroll or volute is a key component in centrifugal compressors as its design not only impacts the compressor efficiency but also affects the operating range. This component causes a distorted pressure field upstream which can contribute to stall on the impeller, inducing surge. As the flow inside the volute is fully three dimensional and turbulent, a better understanding of flow mechanisms is key to enable a volute design methodology. In this study, a centrifugal compressor stage has been modelled numerically and validated by experimental results, to identify the geometric parameters of the volute which contribute to the main flow losses. By solving Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using a commercial code, the threedimensional flow field of the compressor was modelled. Based on detailed analysis of this flow field, and the impact of various geometric parameters, an optimized volute was developed. The results showed that the total-to-total isentropic efficiency and surge margin could be improved by 1.5% and 4.5%, respectively at design speed.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: the role of N-acetyl-5-neuraminic acid in biology (2012)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an exclusive human pathogen, which has evolved a number of unique mechanisms to survive within the human environment. An important part of this is the ability of the organism to take up and incorporate sialic acid into its surface structures. This protects the organism against host adaptive and innate immune factor as well as serving as a mechanism for sustaining itself within biofilms. Recent evidence suggests that this also may be the source of the evolution of human antibodies to non-human sialic acid structures, which can lead to inflammation in the host. In very rare instances, evolution of antibodies to sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) mimics of human antigens can result in autoimmune disease.
The underestimated role of basophils in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia (2018)

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a hematopoietic neoplasm defined by the chromosome translocation t(9;22) and the related oncogene, BCR-ABL1. In most patients, leukaemic cells can be kept under control using BCR-ABL1-targeting drugs. However, many patients relapse which remains a clinical challenge. In particular, patients with advanced (accelerated or blast phase) CML have a poor prognosis. So far, little is known about molecular and cellular interactions and features that contribute to disease progression and drug resistance in CML. One key prognostic factor at diagnosis is marked basophilia. However, although basophils are well-known multifunctional effector cells, their impact in CML remains uncertain. In this article, we discuss the potential role of basophils as active contributors to disease evolution and progression in CML. In particular, basophils serve as a unique source of inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or hepatocyte growth factor. In addition, basophils provide vasoactive substances, like histamine as well as the cytokine-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl-peptidase IV which may promote stem cell mobilization and the extramedullary spread of stem and progenitor cells. Finally, basophils may produce autocrine growth factors for myeloid cells. Understanding the role of basophils in CML evolution and progression may support the development of more effective treatment concepts.
An expeditious synthesis of syringaldehyde from para-cresol (2010)

Syringaldehyde is prepared from p-cresol via a three step reaction sequence in overall yield of 63-67%. The synthesis involves selective bromination followed by high pressure and temperature methoxilation and catalytical oxidation. The use of copper chloridc in different oxidation state as a catalyst in two key steps i.e. methoxilation in aromatic ring (by cuprous chloride) and oxidation of aromatic methyl to aldehyde (by cupric chloride) underscore fidelity of thc process.
Ethanol to 1,3‐Butadiene Conversion by using ZrZn‐Containing MgO/SiO2 Systems Prepared by Co‐precipitation and Effect of Catalyst Acidity Modification (2016)

Abstract The conversion of ethanol to 1,3‐butadiene (1,3‐BD) has been investigated over ZrO 2 ‐ and ZnO‐containing magnesia silica oxides prepared by a co‐precipitation method at different Mg‐to‐Si molar ratios. The effect of reaction temperature and ethanol flow rate was investigated. The catalyst acidity was modified through the addition of alkali metals (Na, K and Li) to the final materials. Catalysts were characterised by nitrogen physisorption analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray, temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia, infrared spectroscopy and 29 Si/( 7 Li) NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic results showed that the controlled reduction of catalyst acidity allows ethanol dehydration to be suppressed, whilst increasing 1,3‐BD selectivity. The best catalytic performance achieved 72 mol % for the combined 1,3‐BD and acetaldehyde selectivity.
Free Volume Variation With Molecular Weight of Polymers (1992)

Free volume measurements were made in several molecular weight fractions of two different geometries of poly(arylene ether ketone)s. Free volumes were measured using positron lifetime spectroscopy. It has been observed that the free volume cell size V(sub f) varies with the molecular weight M of the test samples according to an equation of the form V(sub f) = AM(B), where A and B are constants. The molecular weights computed from the free volume cell sizes are in good agreement with the values measured by gel permeation chromatography.
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Patients Referred for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (2006)

AVNRT is an uncommon AF trigger seen more frequently in younger patients. Ablation of AVNRT in patients with AF was associated with improved outcomes compared with those with other triggers of AF.
NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutation identifies a large subgroup with favorable outcome in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): a Group for Research on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GRAALL) study (2008)

Many somatic genetic abnormalities have been identified in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) but each individual abnormality accounts for a small proportion of cases; therapeutic stratification consequently still relies on classical clinical markers. NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 mutations both lead to activation of the NOTCH1 pathway and are among the most frequent mutations in T-ALL. We screened 141 adult diagnostic T-ALL samples from patients treated on either the Lymphoblastic Acute Leukemia in Adults (LALA)-94 (n = 87) or the GRAALL-2003 (n = 54) trials. In 88 cases (62%) there were demonstrated NOTCH1 mutations (42% heterodimerization [HD], 10% HD+proline glutamate serine threonine [PEST], 6% PEST, 2% juxtamembrane mutations, 2% transactivation domain [TAD]) and 34 cases (24%) had FBXW7 mutations (21 cases had both NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations); 40 cases (28%) were wild type for both. There was no significant correlation between NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 mutations and clinico-biologic features. Median event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 36 versus 17 months (P = .01) and not reached versus 32 months (P = .004) in patients with NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 mutations versus other patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations was an independent good prognostic factor for EFS and OS (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). These data demonstrate that NOTCH1 pathway activation by either NOTCH1 or FBXW7 mutation identifies a large group of patients with a favorable outcome that could justify individual therapeutic stratification for T-ALL.
Reducing Speckle in Laser Displays with Moving Screen System (2011)

The laser display can be a very high quality one because of its excellent properties such as a wide color gamut and low power consumption. It is essential, however, to reduce the speckle related to the essence of lasers. We describe the principle and the basic experimental results of a method to reduce speckle in laser displays with a moving screen system. The relationship among the screen gain, radius of screen rotation, linear velocity and speckle was quantitatively evaluated and it reduced speckle on laser projection displays.
Grim on logic and omniscience (1989)

Grim on logic and omniscience Get access Selmer Bringsjord Selmer Bringsjord Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, New York 12180-3590, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 49, Issue 4, October 1989, Pages 186–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/49.4.186 Published: 01 October 1989
EBNA2 Amino Acids 3 to 30 Are Required for Induction of LMP-1 and Immortalization Maintenance (2004)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2), a direct transcriptional activator of viral and cellular genes, is required for EBV-induced B-cell transformation. The functional role of conserved regions within the amino terminus of the protein preceding the poly-proline region has yet to be fully characterized. Thus, we tested whether the EBNA2 amino-terminal 30 amino acid residues, containing evolutionarily conserved region 1, are required for stimulating viral and cellular gene expression necessary for B-cell transformation in a viral transcomplementation assay. We found that these residues are required for its ability to induce LMP-1 expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), to stimulate LMP-1 promoter reporter plasmids in transient-cotransfection assays, and to rescue LCL growth following inactivation of endogenous wild-type EBNA2 protein. Deletion of amino acid residues 3 to 30 also impaired its ability to self-associate in coimmunoprecipitation assays. These data indicate that EBNA2 residues 3 to 30 comprise an essential domain required for induction of LMP-1 expression and, consequently, for maintenance of the immortalized phenotype of LCLs. The ability to self-associate into dimers or multimers conferred by this domain may be an important mechanism for these effects.