gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hall conductivity dominated by fluctuations near the superconducting transition in disordered thin films (2012)

We have studied the Hall effect in superconducting tantalum nitride films. We find a large contribution to the Hall conductivity near the superconducting transition, which we can track to temperatures well above T[subscript c] and magnetic fields well above the upper critical field H[subscript c2](0). This contribution arises from Aslamazov-Larkin superconducting fluctuations, and we find quantitative agreement between our data and recent theoretical analysis based on time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.
Effects of S/D non-overlap and high-κ dielectrics on nano CMOS design (2002)

A new MOSFET structure with non-overlap S/D to gate and high-ic spacer was proposed. Extensive simulation data and some measured data were reported. The proposed structure showed very good subthreshold slope, DIBL, GIDL compared to those of overlap structure. By controlling the non-overlap length, we could obtain reasonable speed and on-current characteristics. Also we have shown the GIDL depends on strongly the difference of the gate and the spacer dielectric constants. Based on the results, we conclude reasonable non-overlap length is between 0 (just meet the gate edge) to 10 mn.
Threshold voltage control with high-temperature gate-oxide annealing in ultrawide bandgap AlGaN-channel MOSHFETs (2022)

Abstract We report threshold voltage ( V TH ) control in ultrawide bandgap Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 N-channel metal oxide semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors using a high-temperature (300 °C) anneal of the high- k ZrO 2 gate-insulator. Annealing switched the polarity of the fixed charges at the ZrO 2 /AlGaN interface from +5.5 × 10 13 cm −2 to −4.2 × 10 13 cm −2 , pinning V TH at ∼ (−12 V), reducing gate leakage by ∼10 3 , and improving subthreshold swing 2× (116 mV decade −1 ). It also enabled the gate to repeatedly withstand voltages from −40 to +18 V, allowing the channel to be overdriven doubling the peak currents to ∼0.5 A mm −1 .
Design of FFT processor for IEEE802.16m MIMO-OFDM systems (2010)

In this paper, an area-efficient FFT processor is proposed for IEEE 802.16m mobile WiMAX systems. The proposed scalable FFT processor can support the variable length of 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096. By reducing the required number of non-trivial multipliers with mixed-radix (MR) and multi-path delay commutator (MDC) architecture, the complexity of the proposed FFT processor is dramatically decreased without sacrificing system throughput. The proposed FFT processor was designed in hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized to gate-level circuits using 0.18um CMOS standard cell library. With the proposed architecture, the gate count for the processor is 49K and the size of memory is 96Kbits, which are reduced by 12% and 26%, respectively, compared with those of the 4-channel radix-2 MDC (R2MDC) FFT processor.
Development of an Aortic Valve Mass After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (1993)

A 49-year-old woman underwent a successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of a left-sided accessory pathway using a retrograde approach across the aortic valve. Routine echocardiography performed 20 hours after the procedure revealed a new aortic valve mass. Five blood cultures were negative. An echocardiogram after 2 days of heparin therapy showed complete resolution of the mass. There was no clinical evidence of embolization. Echocardiography may need to be performed routinely after catheter ablations performed retrograde across the aortic valve so that this potentially devastating complication can be diagnosed and treated early in its course.
Identification of CD157-Positive Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells in Mouse Retinal and Choroidal Vessels: Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting Analysis (2022)

We confirmed distinct populations of CD157-positive VESCs in both mouse retina and choroid. VESCs are located in large vessels and have the proliferative potential. The current results may open new avenues for the research and treatment of ocular vascular diseases.
Regulation of serotonin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis: relation to the serotonin 5-HT-2 binding site (1986)

The hypothesis that serotonin (5-HT)-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis is mediated by the 5-HT-2 binding site in cerebral cortex was tested by comparing antagonist Kd values determined by Schild analyses with Ki values at the 5-HT-2 binding site. A significant correlation was found between Kd values and Ki values at competing for 3H-ketanserin binding (R = 0.98), suggesting that the phosphoinositide-linked receptor and the 5-HT-2 site are identical. The 5-HT-2-mediated phosphoinositide response was then used as a measure of 5-HT-2 receptor sensitivity after in vivo treatments that alter the availability of 5-HT. Chronic treatment with the 5-HT-2 antagonist mianserin resulted in a significant decrease (52%) in the density of 5-HT-2 binding sites and a significant decrease (49%) in the maximal phosphoinositide hydrolysis response to 5-HT. Depletion of 5-HT levels with para-chlorophenylalanine or chemical denervation of serotonergic neurons with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine had no significant effect upon 5-HT-2 receptor density or upon the phosphoinositide response to 5-HT. These data suggest that changes or lack of changes in 5-HT-2 receptor density following in vivo manipulations reflect the functional state of the receptor.
Principal Component Analysis applied to neutron dosimetry based on PADC detectors and FNTDs (2021)

Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) have been used as passive dosimeters for many decades. Fast neutron detection is performed by detecting recoil protons generated in a hydrogenous material (neutron converter). The dose is estimated by multiplying the recoil protons track-spots density present on the detector surface by a calibration coefficient obtained from reference irradiations. Therefore, one needs to automatically and reliably discriminate between the track-spots induced by recoil-protons and the spurious signal engendered either by material imperfections or by other ionising particles interactions. The objective of this work is to demonstrate and apply a method, based on the multivariate statistical tool named Principal Component Analysis (PCA), aiming at identifying and filtering out the spurious signal in track detectors. The advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to any type of SSNTD, provided apt definition of initial physical variables describing each track-spot. To show that, we applied the method to poly-allyl diglycol carbonate (PADC) detectors, to filter the signal generated by material imperfections, and to fluorescence nuclear track detectors (FNTDs), to remove the signal induced by other radiation field components. After filtering, dose assessments were compared with reference values of exposures, showing satisfactory agreement. In case of the FNTDs, the procedure proved to be effective regardless of the crystal colouration, which is known to affect signal-rejection techniques based on track-spots fluorescence intensity. The technique also offers the advantage of self-adjusting the filtering parameters based on the currently analysed detector set, as long as calibration and unirradiated detectors are included in the dataset.
Psychosocial Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Aripiprazole – an Office-based Real-world Setting. Results from the German Post-marketing Surveillance Study (2009)

The results indicate that aripiprazole may be an efficacious and safe treatment option for pre-treated patients with schizophrenia also in a naturalistic psychiatrist/neurologist practice setting with effects on health and psychosocial functioning and a comparably low dropout rate.
The coding sequence of the hemolytically inactive C4A6 allotype of human complement component C4 reveals that a single arginine to tryptophan substitution at β-chain residue 458 is the likely cause of the defect (1992)

The C4A6 allotype of the human complement component C4 is known to be defective in C5 binding within the C5 convertase. To characterize the position and nature of the molecular defect in the C4A6 allotype we have isolated the C4A6 gene from a cosmid genomic DNA library. Direct sequencing of a 4.4-kb region of the gene covering exons 17 to 31 and encoding the C4d fragment and most of the rest of the alpha chain of C4 revealed that the C4A6 allele encodes the A isotypic residues Pro Cys-Leu Asp at positions 1101, 1102, 1105, and 1106 and the same residues as the C4A3 alpha gene at the polymorphic positions 1054 (Asp), 1157 (Asn), 1182 (Thr), 1188 (Val), 1191 (Leu) and 1267 (Ala). In addition the C4A6 allele was shown to encode a Pro at the previously characterized polymorphic position 707 in the C4a peptide where the C4A3 alpha allele encodes a Leu. The remaining 26 exons of the C4A6 gene were analyzed by detecting nucleotide mismatches in C4A6/C4A3 and C4A6/C4B1 DNA heteroduplexes using the chemical cleavage of mismatch technique. The regions around detected mismatches were sequenced. In total seven nucleotide differences were defined on comparison of the C4A6 and other C4 sequences, of which three were present in exons. Two of these resulted in amino acid changes. One of the amino acid differences is a known polymorphism in C4, a Tyr/Ser substitution at position 328 in the beta-chain. The second amino acid difference caused by a C to T transition in the first base of the codon for amino acid residue 458 was the only one shown to be specific to the C4A6 allotype. The C4A6 allotype contains a Trp residue at this position in the beta-chain instead of the Arg residue found in all other C4A and C4B allotypes so far characterized. We propose that this Arg to Trp substitution at beta-chain residue 458 is responsible for the inability of C4A6 to bind C5 in the C5 convertase.
Carney complex and lentiginosis (2009)

Initially described as the 'complex of myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation and endocrine overactivity,' Carney complex (CNC) is known as an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome involving skin and cardiac myxomas, pigmented skin lesions and endocrine tumors. Pigmented cutaneous manifestations in CNC are important diagnostically because they can be used for the early detection of the disease and, thus, the prevention of life-threatening complications of CNC related to heart myxomas and endocrine abnormalities. Specific for the disease skin lesions are present in more than half of the CNC patients. A major challenge is to distinguish pigmented skin lesions associated with CNC from other skin pathology, and thus accurately estimate the risk of cancer in affected patients; curiously, patients with CNC do not appear to have predisposition to skin cancers whereas this is not the case with other genetic syndromes associated with melanotic and other cutaneous lesions. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on cutaneous pathology associated with CNC and the most recent data on the molecular basis of the disease.
Light‐scattering spectroscopic study of polysaccharide protein conjugate (1982)

Abstract By combining gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and light‐scattering spectroscopy, including photon correlation and angular distribution of absolute scattered intensity, we were able to characterize immunologically active Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (HIB Ps) bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates in terms of equivalent hydrodynamic radius r h ∼ (6.2 ± 0.6) × 10 2 Å, apparent radius of gyration r g ∼ (5.4 ± 0.3) × 10 2 Å, apparent molecular weight M w ∼ (3.5 ± 0.4) × 10 6 g/mol, and a second virial coefficient A 2 ∼ (1.9 ± 0.3) × 10 −4 cm 3 mol/g 2 . We could study the effects of each of the processes in the conjugate formation according to the following procedure: BSA (dialysis, modification, fractionation) + HIB Ps → HIB Ps/BSA conjugate (conjugate formation, fractionation). Narrow distributions of HIB Ps BSA conjugate formation can be achieved using fractionated BSA.
LIQUID CRYSTALS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS (2004)

The first liquid crystal devices have recently been installed in the fibre optic networks that provide the backbone of the modern telecommunications system. Most optical network devices are concerned with the manipulation of the amplitude and phase of the optical signal. Liquid crystals have the highest figure of merit for field addressed electro-optic response and can have excellent transparency in the optical telecommunications window. Here we consider the importance of liquid crystals in controlling the phase and the state of polarisation of light in these systems. We also consider arrays of liquid crystal phase modulators, fabricated using LCOS technology, in holographic switches and multifunction devices.
Tunable UV laser photolysis of NF2: Quantum yield for NF(a 1Δ) production (1987)

The UV photodissociation of NF2 has been investigated from 240–270 nm, using tunable UV radiation from a frequency upconverted YAG pumped dye laser system. The absorption cross section of NF2, and the photolysis quantum yield for the fragment NF(a1Δ) were measured with 0.25 cm−1 resolution. The NF(a1Δ) quantum yield decreases at longer wavelengths and is only 1% at 260 nm. This suggests that the first long wavelength band in NF2 leads primarily to ground state NF(X 3∑), and that the existence of a new higher lying NF2 electronic state is responsible for the NF(a1Δ) production.
Demonstration of highly scaled FinFET SRAM cells with high-&#x03BA;/metal gate and investigation of characteristic variability for the 32 nm node and beyond (2008)

Highly scaled FinFET SRAM cells, of area down to 0.128 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , were fabricated using high-kappa dielectric and a single metal gate to demonstrate cell size scalability and to investigate V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> variability for the 32 nm node and beyond. A single-sided ion implantation (I/I) scheme was proposed to reduce V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> variation of Fin-FETs in a SRAM cell, where resist shadowing is a great issue. In the 0.187 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell, at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = 0.6 V, a static noise margin (SNM) of 95 mV was obtained and stable read/write operations were verified from N-curve measurements. sigmaV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> of transistors in 0.187 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cells was measured with and without channel doping and the result was summarized in the Pelgrom plot. With the 22 nm node design rule, FinFET SRAM cell layouts were compared against planar-FET SRAM cell layouts. An un-doped FinFET SRAM cell was simulated to have significant advantage in read/write margin over a planar-FET SRAM cell, which would have higher sigmaV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> mainly caused by heavy doping into the channel region.
Reconstruction of major fibers using 7T multi-shell Hybrid Diffusion Imaging in mice (2015)

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) can reveal the orientation of the underlying fiber populations in the brain. High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is increasingly used to better resolve the orientation and mixing of fibers. Here, we assessed the added value of multi-shell <i>q</i>-space sampling on the reconstruction of major fibers using mathematical frameworks from <i>q</i>-ball imaging (QBI) and generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI), as compared to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We scanned a healthy mouse brain using 7-Tesla 5-shell HARDI (b=1000, 3000, 4000, 8000, 12000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>), also known as hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI). We found that QBI may provide greater reconstruction accuracy for major fibers, which improves with the addition of higher <i>b</i>-value shells, unlike GQI or DTI (as expected). Although QBI is a special case of GQI, the major fiber orientation in QBI was more closely related to the orientation in DTI, rather than GQI. HYDI can aid the clinical outcomes of research and especially – more advanced human and animal connectomics projects to map the brain’s neural pathways and networks.
Efficacy of anti‐PD1 therapy in relapsed or refractory NK/T cell lymphoma: a matched cohort analysis from the LYSA (2023)

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a rare subset of peripheral T lymphoma of which Asparaginase containing regimens are the standard of care. Despite recent improvements in the therapeutic strategy, patient’s prognosis remains poor, especially for those who experienced relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease. Recent studies highlighted that immune escape mechanisms are involved in ENKTCL pathogenesis. Particularly, the frequent PD-L1 upregulation led to assess the efficacy of anti-PD1 (aPD1) therapy in small cohorts of R/R ENKTCL patients, with encouraging results. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of aPD1 therapy alone or in combination in 37 patients with R/R ENKTCL. We also performed a comparative analysis with a historic cohort of 38 patients treated for R/R ENKTCL before immunotherapy era. 37 patients from 24 French centers, with R/R ENKTCL treated with at least one cycle of aPD1 as salvage therapy between 2017 and 2022 were analyzed in this study. Among them, 12 were included in the prospective ACSE Unicancer study and received aPD1 as monotherapy. The historic cohort used for the comparative analysis was established from the ENKTCL national observatory and composed of 38 R/R ENKTCL patients who received at least one cycle of first salvage therapy without aPD1 between 2006 and 2019. All patients were treated with Asparaginase-containing regimen as frontline therapy. Patient characteristics were as follows: median age of 52 years (19–79), sex ratio M/F of 2/1, disseminated stage and high PINK score respectively in 57% and 41% of the cases. The overall response rate at the last follow-up was 40.5% in the aPD1 group. With a median follow-up time of 6.5 months for the whole cohort and 23.4 months for survivors, progression free survival and overall survival (OS) at 2 years were 22.4% and 50.2%. Among the 22 patients who experienced progression or relapse after aPD1 initiation, 14 patients (64%) received salvage therapy, mostly containing gemcitabine in association with immunotherapy continuation. This cohort was then compared to the historic cohort after matching on a propensity score. 23 patients in each group were included in this analysis. OS was significantly improved in patients treated with aPD1 as salvage therapy alone or in combination (48.4% versus 23.1%, p = 0011). We report here the largest cohort of R/R ENKTCL treated with aPD1. Our study confirms the efficacy of aPD1 therapy in R/R ENKTCL and highlights its superiority as compared to other types of salvage therapy used in this setting before immunotherapy era. Our results will prompt us to now prospectively evaluate the benefit of aPD1 therapy as first line therapy in patients with high risk disseminated stage of ENKTCL, in combination with chemotherapy agents able to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Encore Abstract - previously submitted to regional or national meetings (up to <1’000 attendees), EHA 2023 Keywords: Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Immunotherapy No conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract.
Development of Multiplex PCR-Ligase Detection Reaction Assay for Detection of West Nile Virus (2008)

We have developed a novel multiplex reverse transcription-PCR ligase detection reaction (RT-PCR/LDR) assay for the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) in both clinical and mosquito pool samples. The method relies on the amplification of three different genomic regions, one in the coding sequence of nonstructural protein NS2a and two in nonstructural protein NS5, to minimize the risk of detection failure due to genetic variation. The sensitivity of the PCR is complemented by the high specificity of the LDR step, and the detection of the LDR products can be achieved with capillary electrophoresis (CE) or a universal DNA microarray. We evaluated the limit of detection by both one-step and two-step multiplex RT-PCR/LDR/CE approaches, which reached, respectively, 0.005 and 0.017 PFU. The assay demonstrated 99% sensitivity when mosquito pool samples were tested and 100% sensitivity with clinical samples when the one-step approach was used. The broad strain coverage was confirmed by testing 34 WNV isolates belonging to lineages 1 and 2, and the high specificity of the assay was determined by testing other flaviviruses, as well as negative mosquito pool and clinical samples. In summary, the multiplex RT-PCR/LDR assay could represent a valuable complement to WNV serological diagnosis, especially in early symptomatic patients. In addition, the multiplexing capacity of the technique, which can be coupled to universal DNA microarray detection, makes it an amenable tool to develop a more comprehensive assay for viral pathogens.
Language-Games in the Later Philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1974)

&lt;p&gt;1.1 When I first looked, into Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations I felt not so much that this was great work, but that it was alive and exciting, a going concern. I next learned of its difficulty; it seemed to me then (as it does now) that Wittgenstein omitted all the preliminary easy bits that we usually find in philosophy books and, treated only of the very difficult problems which concerned him. That this was great philosophy had to be accepted, for most of the people I knew of as top philosophers said so. Its acknowledged greatness was not, however, the primary reason, nor even an important reason, for my continued reading of Wittgenstein's work it was the enigmatic style and. the strange feeling of depth in the remarks; I felt they really did say something glorious, make a powerful gesture (cf., PI, *610), if I could only figure out what.&lt;/p&gt;
Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Random Copolymers for Direct Air Capture (2023)

Direct air capture (DAC) is a promising tool for reducing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and fighting climate change. We synthesized a series of quaternary ammonium (QA)-functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers with varying mole fractions of charge content and demonstrated their potential as sorbents for DAC. Molecular weight analysis determined that a high monomer conversion was achieved in <6 h and relatively high molecular weights for all copolymer compositions. Thermal analysis revealed that all polymers had degradation temperatures >240 °C and a single glass-transition temperature (Tg); Tg decreased with an increase in ion exchange capacity (IEC). Fractional free volume and water uptake percentage increased and water contact angle decreased with the number of QA sites when compared to a neutral, commercially available polysulfone (Udel P-1700 PSU). Next, the novel series of ammonium-functionalized copolymers exhibited a moisture-mediated capture and release of atmospheric CO2. When exposed to air containing 30% relative humidity, the polymers captured CO2, and the capacity increased with the IEC. When the relative humidity was increased to 95% the samples released CO2. This study demonstrates a promising CO2 DAC sorbent and highlights the possibility for continuous DAC with purpose-built freestanding membranes.