gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal-Hydraulics Sensitivity Analysis of the Pellet Bed Reactor for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (1994)

A thermal‐hydraulic analysis of the Pellet Bed Reactor (PeBR) for nuclear thermal propulsion is performed to determine the sensitivity of the core conditions to varying the operating and core design parameters. Using the hot frit porosity profile that is optimized to reduce the peak fuel temperature in the core, various core inlet and bed parameters are varied to determine there effects on the fuel temperature and pressure drop across the core. These parameters include the inlet temperature and mass flow rate of the hydrogen propellant, average porosity of the core bed, the porosity of the hot frit, and local porosity reduction in a small segment of the hot frit (local frit blockage).
GABBR2 mutations determine phenotype in rett syndrome and epileptic encephalopathy (2017)

GABBR2 is a genetic factor that determines RTT- or EE-like phenotype expression depending on the variant positions. GABBR2-mediated γ-aminobutyric acid signaling is a crucial factor in determining the severity and nature of neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Ann Neurol 2017;82:466-478.
<title>Progressive scan 30-frame-per-second megapixel camera</title> (1995)

A high speed CCD camera system has been developed for commercial, industrial, and scientific applications. The system incorporates two video channels, each capable of running at rates up to 20 million pixels/second. The output of each channel is digitized to provide true 8-bit output signals. The camera offers high linearity, low noise, wide dynamic range, and low shading. The camera can be used in a range of applications, including medical, industrial inspection, microscopy, and surveillance.
On the Performance of Backhaul Constrained Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Linear Receivers (2018)

Limited-backhaul cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), in which the fog radio access network (F-RAN) is implemented to exchange the information between access points (APs) and the central processing unit (CPU), is investigated. We introduce a novel approach where the APs estimate the channel and send back the quantized version of the estimated channel and the quantized version of the received signal to the central processing unit. The Max algorithm and the Bussgang theorem are exploited to model the optimum uniform quantization. The ergodic achievable rates are derived. We show that exploiting microwave wireless backhaul links and using a small number of bits to quantize the estimated channel and the received signal, the performance of limited-backhaul cell-free Massive MIMO closely approaches the performance of cell-free Massive MIMO with perfect backhaul links.
Reversing Age-Related Decline in Working Memory (2011)

Higher cognitive functions, such as working memory and the ability to focus attention, decline as people age. Recently, it has been reported that decline in working memory in aging rhesus monkeys correlates with the loss of activity of a specific set of neurons in the prefrontal cortex during a delay following a learning cue. The activity of these neurons can be rescued by stimulating α-2 adrenergic receptors, inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, or closing potassium channels that are known to inhibit firing and synaptic connectivity. Agents that stimulate neurons expressing α-2 adrenergic receptors may prove useful in treating working memory loss in humans.
The predictive power of structural MRI in Autism diagnosis (2015)

Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) of the brain has been a topic of significant research interest. Previous studies using small datasets with well-matched Typically Developing Controls (TDC) report high classification accuracies (80-96%) but studies using the large heterogeneous ABIDE dataset report accuracies less than 60%. In this study we investigate the predictive power of sMRI in ASD using 373 ASD and 361 TDC male subjects from the ABIDE. Brain morphometric features were derived using FreeSurfer and classification was performed using three different techniques: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Although high classification accuracies were possible in individual sites (with a maximum of 97% in Caltech), the highest classification accuracy across all sites was only 60% (sensitivity = 57%, specificity = 64%). However, the accuracy across all sites improved to 67% when IQ and age information were added to morphometric features. Across all three classifiers, volume and surface area had more discriminative power. In general, important features for classification were present in the frontal and temporal regions and these regions have been implicated in ASD. This study also explores the effect of demographics and behavioral measures on the predictive power of sMRI. Results show that classification accuracy increases with autism severity and that ASD detection with sMRI is easier before the age of 10 years.
Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Acetabular Roof Fractures by Radiologists Under CT and Fluoroscopy Guidance (2013)

The results of our study showed that nondisplaced acetabular roof fractures could be successfully treated by a minimally invasive technique with an excellent long-term outcome.
Control of the plasmonic resonance of a graphene coated plasmonic nanoparticle array combined with a nematic liquid crystal (2016)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a switchable plasmonic device based on a conductive graphene oxide (cGO) coated plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) array, layered with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) as an active medium. A monolayer of NPs has been immobilized on a glass substrate through electrostatic interaction, and then grown in place using nanochemistry. This monolayer is then coated with a thin (less then 100nm) cGO film which acts simultaneously as both an electro-conductive and active medium. The combination of the conductive NP array with a separate top cover substrate having both cGO and a standard LC alignment layer is used for aligning a NLC film in a hybrid configuration. The system is analysed in terms of morphological and electro-optical properties. The spectral response of the sample characterized after each element is added (air, cGO, NLC) reveals a red-shift of the localized plasmonic resonance (LPR) frequency of approximately 62nm with respect to the NP array surrounded by air. The application of an external voltage (8Vpp) is suitable to modulate (blue shift) the LPR frequency by approximately 22nm.
FAST CLOUD: Pushing the Envelope on Delay Performance of Cloud Storage With Coding (2014)

Our paper presents solutions that can significantly improve the delay performance of putting and retrieving data in and out of cloud storage. We first focus on measuring the delay performance of a very popular cloud storage service Amazon S3. We establish that there is significant randomness in service times for reading and writing small and medium size objects when assigned distinct keys. We further demonstrate that using erasure coding, parallel connections to storage cloud and limited chunking (i.e., dividing the object into a few smaller objects) together pushes the envelope on service time distributions significantly (e.g., 76%, 80%, and 85% reductions in mean, 90th, and 99th percentiles for 2-MB files) at the expense of additional storage (e.g., 1.75 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> ). However, chunking and erasure coding increase the load and hence the queuing delays while reducing the supportable rate region in number of requests per second per node. Thus, in the second part of our paper, we focus on analyzing the delay performance when chunking, forward error correction (FEC), and parallel connections are used together. Based on this analysis, we develop load-adaptive algorithms that can pick the best code rate on a per-request basis by using offline computed queue backlog thresholds. The solutions work with homogeneous services with fixed object sizes, chunk sizes, operation type (e.g., read or write) as well as heterogeneous services with mixture of object sizes, chunk sizes, and operation types. We also present a simple greedy solution that opportunistically uses idle connections and picks the erasure coding rate accordingly on the fly. Both backlog-based and greedy solutions support the full rate region and provide best mean delay performance when compared to the best fixed coding rate policy. Our evaluations show that backlog-based solutions achieve better delay performance at higher percentile values than the greedy solution.
Cell-free synthesis of rat glucocorticoid receptor in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. In vitro synthesis of receptor in Mr 90,000 heat shock protein-depleted lysate. (1991)

The glucocorticoid receptor is present in the cytosol of cell extracts as a large nonactivated (i.e. non-DNA-binding) approximately 9 S (Mr 300,000) complex. Experimental evidence indicates that the purified nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor contains a single steroid-binding protein and two approximately 90-kDa nonsteroid-binding subunits identified as heat shock protein (hsp) 90. Translation of the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in vitro in reticulocyte lysates produces a large nonactivated glucocorticoid receptor complex similar to that found in cytosols. The cell-free synthesized glucocorticoid receptor is able to bind steroid and can be activated further to the DNA-binding form. To test the hypothesis of an active role played by hsp90 in the stabilization of a competent steroid-binding conformation of the glucocorticoid receptor, we have synthesized the receptor in a reticulocyte lysate that has been depleted of hsp90 by immunoadsorption with AC88 anti-hsp90. Although the translation capacity of the reticulocyte system was reduced considerably upon hsp90 removal, the glucocorticoid receptor was synthesized, and a significant number of molecules were found to bind [3H]triamcinolone acetonide. Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose showed that most of the receptor molecules synthesized in hsp90-depleted lysate had lost the capacity to form an oligomeric receptor complex. Addition of purified rat liver hsp90 to the hsp90-depleted lysate before translation did not increase steroid binding nor did it restore formation of the heteromeric receptor complex. Analysis of [35S] methionine-labeled glucocorticoid receptor molecules synthesized in the hsp90-depleted lysate showed the production of polypeptides differing from the expected chromatographic pattern on DEAE-cellulose. Upon addition of purified hsp90 to the hsp90-depleted lysate, before translation, the 35S-labeled synthesized receptor fractionated on DEAE-cellulose as an intermediate peak between activated and nonactivated receptor forms. The data suggest that hsp90 alone may not be sufficient for the formation of the nonactivated steroid receptor complex.
Phase contrast neutron imaging at a medium intensity neutron source (2009)

Neutron Imaging is a technique for the nondestructive testing (NDT) of materials. It is characterized by its sensitivity to materials composed of low atomic number (Z) elements such as hydrogen. Enhancement of the spatial resolution and the contrast of the obtained images are primary objectives that are continuously being pursued in the development of this technique. An approach of improving the contrast at the material edges of a sample is non-interferometric phase contrast neutron imaging, which has been demonstrated at the start of this decade. Since then it has been performed at multiple facilities located at high flux neutron sources. However, due to its physical requirements (e.g., the use of pinhole apertures), the applicability of this technique remains primarily limited to such high flux facilities. Consequently, to expand its utilization in NDT applications, its performance at low and medium intensity neutron sources, that are available around the globe, should be explored. In this work, the feasibility of performing phase contrast neutron imaging at the North Carolina State University PULSTAR reactor was studied. The 1-MW PULSTAR represents a prototypical medium flux neutron source. It is demonstrated that phase contrast imaging can be successfully implemented if careful attention is given to tailoring the neutron beam with the objective of maximizing the thermal neutron flux (and content) while minimizing the gamma-ray and fast neutron noise. Results are presented of imaging exercises demonstrating the phase contrast concept using a Fuji BAS-NDG image plate detector.
Phase behaviour of model polymeric networks and gels (1997)

Results of Monte Carlo simulations are presented for the volumetric properties of pure model networks consisting of both hard-core and square-well interaction sites. Evidence of a phase transition is reported for pure square-well networks at negative pressures. An off-lattice, mean-field model is developed and shown to be capable of describing the simulated phase diagram of square-well networks and the equilibrium swelling of athermal gels. Increasing the pressure or the strand length is found to lead to higher solvent uptake by the gel.
New Sensitive and Selective Chemical Sensors for Ni2+ and Cu2+ Ions: Insights into the Sensing Mechanism through DFT Methods (2020)

We report the synthesis and theoretical study of two new colorimetric chemosensors with special selectivity and sensitivity to Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions over other metal cations in the CH<sub>3</sub>CN/H<sub>2</sub>O solution. Compounds (<i>E</i>)-4-((2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline (A) and (<i>E</i>)-4-((3-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline (B) exhibited a drastic color change from yellow to colorless, which allows the detection of the mentioned metal cations through different techniques. The interaction of sensors with these metal ions induced a new absorption band with a hypsochromic shift to the characteristic signal of the free sensors. A theoretical study via time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) was performed. This method has enabled us to reproduce the hypsochromic shift in the maximum UV-vis absorption band and explain the selective sensing of the ions. For all of the systems studied, the absorption band is characterized by a π → π* transition centered in the ligand. Instead of Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, the transition is set toward the σ* molecular orbital with a strong contribution of the 3d<i><sub>x</sub></i><sup>2</sup>-<i><sub>y</sub></i><sup>2</sup> transition (π → 3d<i><sub>x</sub></i><sup>2</sup>-<i><sub>y</sub></i><sup>2</sup>). These absorptions imply a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism that results in the hypsochromic shift in the absorption band of these systems.
Coherent UWB Ranging in the Presence of Multiuser Interference (2014)

Roundtrip time-of-arrival (ToA) measurements employing ultra-wideband (UWB) signals can provide high-precision ranging information. However, the accuracy is degraded by multiuser interference (MUI), in particular in the presence of multipath propagation. While the processing gain of time-hopping impulse radio (TH-IR) can be used to suppress the MUI, this is often insufficient. We propose instead a nonlinear processing scheme of TH-IR that effectively suppresses MUI without requiring knowledge of the time-hopping sequences of the interfering users. The principle is that multipath components (MPCs) of interferers do not align closely, for the majority of transmission frames, with the MPCs of the desired signal. Through a judicious choice of algorithm parameters we show that our algorithm is superior to existing (realizable) thresholding and median filter algorithms, and in some cases can even beat genie-aided thresholding algorithms. The performance is robust to both strength and number of the interferers. The results are validated with both standardized 802.15.4a channel models and measured outdoor UWB channels.
Further Development of the PhonicStick: The application of phonic- based acceleration methods to the speaking joystick (2010)

The PhonicStick is a novel Augmentative and Alternative Communication joystick-like device which enables individuals with severe speech and physical disorders to access forty-two sounds (i.e. phonics) and blend the sounds together to create spoken words. The device aims to allow the users to select phonics and produce speech without the need for a visual interface. One of the problems with the current prototype of the PhonicStick is that the phonic entry is relatively slow and may involve many physical movements which will cause great difficulties for users with poor hand function. Therefore, in this research we are investigating whether natural language processing (NLP) technology can be utilized to facilitate the phonic retrieval and word creation processes. Our goal is to develop a set of phonic-based NLP acceleration methods, such as phonic disambiguation and phonic prediction, which will reduce the user effort required to select the target phonics and improve the speed of producing words. This paper will discuss the challenges of applying such methods to the PhonicStick and report on the current state of the development of the proposed techniques. The presentation will also include a live demonstration of the latest prototype of the PhonicStick.
Comprehensive analysis of potential predictive biomarkers for insulin-like growth factor type-1 receptor (IGF-1R) targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. (2011)

4052 Background: IGF-1R pathway activation is associated with an adverse prognosis in GI cancers. Preliminary data from a phase I/II study of the IGF-1R antibody, MK-0646 with gemcitabine and erlotinib for advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) indicate sustained responses in a subset of patients (pts). The identification of predictive markers will allow treatment personalization with IGF-1R inhibitors for APC pts. Methods: Study A - Preclinical: gene expression profiling using Affymetrix microarray for IGF-1R pathway genes was conducted in 242 resected pancreatic cancers. Sensitivity to anti-IGF-1R therapy was assessed in a panel of 20 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Xenografts were performed using BxPC3 cells implanted subcutaneously and treated with MK-0646. Study A - Clinical: in the phase I/II study of 58 pts with APC treated with MK-0646, the following biomarker analyses were performed:i) DNA was extracted from blood samples of 35 pts with APC treated with MK-0646 and analyzed for 5 IGF-1R-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously described by our group via the Sequenom method. ii) IGF-1R protein expression was measured by IHC (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO) in tissue from 23 pts. Scoring was based on intensity of staining and extent of cells stained. A positive score was > 3. Results: Study A: IGF-1 and IGF-2 overexpression was seen in 30% of resected tumors; IGF-1 and IGFBP5 were co-expressed. IGF-1R level was associated with increased sensitivity to anti-IGF-1R therapy in vitro. Xenograft studies confirmed the activity of MK-0646 in an IGF-1R expressing pancreatic tumor model. Study B: Analyses from the study with MK-0646 in APC: i) SNP analysis showed that 15% of pts treated with MK-0646 had an IRS1 gene variation, most of whom (66.7%) progressed (p=0.253). ii) 70% of available tumors were positive for IGF-1R tissue expression. Of this group, 80% of pts with disease control (PR+SD) were positive for IGF-1R expression. In comparison, 50% of pts with PD had IGF-1R positivity (p=0.182). Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest promising predictive biomarkers for IGF-1R-targeted therapy in APC. These need to be confirmed in a larger population.
(Invited) Investigating Surface Reaction Thermodynamics: In Situ Calorimetry for Atomic Layer Deposition (2022)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is comprised of sequential self-limiting surface reactions that are inherently sensitive to the surface chemistry of the substrate and the reactivity of the chosen precursors. In order to better understand ALD processes and direct their future development we must investigate the fundamental mechanisms of ALD reactions. This is commonly done using a combination of computational modeling and experimental investigations using techniques like spectroscopic ellipsometry and IR spectroscopy. We present pyroelectric calorimetry for ALD as an in situ technique to measure the time resolved heat generation from ALD reactions. This provides a new dimension of thermodynamic and kinetic reaction data. As an experimental technique, pyroelectric calorimetry measures ALD reactions on realistic surfaces as opposed to idealized models. We have designed and constructed custom calorimeters that are compatible with typical ALD process parameters. These calorimeters have been calibrated with a thermal resolution down to 0.1 μJ/cm 2 and a temporal resolution of 50ns. To put this in perspective for an ALD reaction, this corresponds to about 0.1% of the heat evolved in the trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water ALD process and about 10 4 faster than our measurement of the TMA half reaction. The temporal resolution of our calorimeters is orders of magnitude faster than most complementary in situ analysis techniques including ellipsometry, IR spectroscopy, quartz crystal microgravimetry, and mass spectrometry. This time resolution provides information on precursor flow dynamics and reaction kinetics. Pyroelectric calorimetry was used to investigate the TMA and water half reactions for ALD Al 2 O 3 along with in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry thickness measurements and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) composition analysis. This enabled comparisons of the change in thickness with the amount of heat generated as each half reaction saturates. Atomic growth rates calculated form RBS were used to calculate the heat generated on a per-atom basis. These results were then compared with proposed reaction mechanisms and energy changes from density functional theory (DFT) computational modeling. Measurements of reaction and adsorption heats can also be used to compare and evaluate different precursors and inhibitor molecules for ALD growth inhibition in area-selective ALD. We investigated how the thermodynamics of adsorption can guide our choice of precursor-inhibitor pairs when using small molecule inhibitors that rely on competitive adsorption and chemical passivation to prevent ALD growth. Pyroelectric calorimetry offers new insight into what drives and limits ALD reactions and provides many opportunities for future investigations.
Tackling the Capacity Fading Issue of Li–S Battery by a Functional Additive—Hexafluorobenzene (2020)

Due to the strong electron-withdrawing fluorine groups, the aromatic ring of hexafluorobenzene (HFB) becomes more electron-deficient and strongly interacts with the lone-pair electrons of the medium. When used as an electrolyte additive for Li–S cell, HFB preferably coordinates with low-order lithium sulfides Li2S and Li2S2 and subsequently reacts and converts both into active aromatic sulfides—bis(pentafluorophenyl) disulfides and bis(pentafluorophenyl) polysulfides in situ—thus facilitating the utilization of the electronically insulating Li2S and Li2S2 and improving the cycling stability of the Li–S cell. This research opens a new avenue to tackle the inherent issues associated with the Li–S chemistry.