gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Exercise on Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 in Patients with Cancer: A Retrospective Study (2022)

This study provides the first data showing that exercise might lower the risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients, but further research is required.
Combining Machine Learning and Pharmacophore-Based Interaction Fingerprint for in Silico Screening (2009)

In this study, we developed a new pharmacophore-based interaction fingerprint (Pharm-IF) and examined its usefulness for in silico screening using machine learning techniques such as support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) instead of similarity-based ranking. Using the docking results of PKA, SRC, cathepsin K, carbonic anhydrase II, and HIV-1 protease, the screening efficiencies of the Pharm-IF models were compared to GLIDE score and the residue-based IF (PLIF) models. The combination of SVM and Pharm-IF demonstrated a higher enrichment factor at 10% (5.7 on average) than those of GLIDE score (4.2) and PLIF (4.3). In terms of the size of the training sets, learning more than five crystal structures enabled the machine learning models to stably achieve better efficiencies than GLIDE score. We also employed the docking poses of known active compounds, in addition to the crystal structures, as positive samples of training sets. The enrichment factors of the RF models at 10% using the docking poses for SRC and cathepsin K showed significantly higher values (6.5 and 6.3) than those using only the crystal structures (3.9 and 3.2), respectively.
Mechanism of reaction of carbon monoxide with phenyllithium (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of reaction of carbon monoxide with phenyllithiumLarry S. Trzupek, Terry L. Newirth, Edward G. Kelly, Norma E. Sbarbati, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 24, 8118–8133Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00805a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Textured Liquids based on the Marker Level Set (2007)

Abstract In this work we propose a new Eulerian method for handling the dynamics of a liquid and its surface attributes (for example its color). Our approach is based on a new method for interface advection that we term the Marker Level Set (MLS). The MLS method uses surface markers and a level set for tracking the surface of the liquid, yielding more efficient and accurate results than popular methods like the Particle Level Set method (PLS). Another novelty is that the surface markers allow the MLS to handle non‐diffusively surface texture advection, a rare capability in the realm of Eulerian simulation of liquids. We present several simulations of the dynamical evolution of liquids and their surface textures.
Photoluminescent Green Carbon Nanodots from Food-Waste-Derived Sources: Large-Scale Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications (2014)

We have developed a simple approach for the large-scale synthesis of water-soluble green carbon nanodots (G-dots) from many kinds of large food waste-derived sources. About 120 g of G-dots per 100 kg of food waste can be synthesized using our simple and environmentally friendly synthesis approach. The G-dots exhibit a high degree of solubility in water because of the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups around their surface. The narrow band of photoluminescence emission (400-470 nm) confirms that the size of the G-dots (∼4 nm) is small because of a similar quantum effects and emission traps on the surfaces. The G-dots have excellent photostability; their photoluminescence intensity decreases slowly (∼8%) under continuous excitation with a Xe lamp for 10 days. We carried out cell viability assay to assess the effect of cytotoxicity by introducing G-dots in cells such as Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), mouse muscle cells (C2C12), and African green monkey kidney cells (COS-7), up to a concentration of 2 mg mL(-1) for 24 h. Due to their high photostability and low cytotoxicity, these G-dots are excellent probes for in vitro bioimaging. Moreover, the byproducts (not including G-dots) of G-dot synthesis from large food-waste derived sources promoted the growth and development of seedlings germinated on 3DW-supplemented gauze. Because of the combined advantages of green synthesis, high aqueous stability, high photostability, and low cytotoxicity, the G-dots show considerable promise in various areas, including biomedical imaging, solution state optoelectronics, and plant seed germination and/or growth.
Reverse-absorbance-modulation-optical lithography for optical nanopatterning at low light levels (2016)

Absorbance-Modulation-Optical Lithography (AMOL) has been previously demonstrated to be able to confine light to deep sub-wavelength dimensions and thereby, enable patterning of features beyond the diffraction limit. In AMOL, a thin photochromic layer that converts between two states via light exposure is placed on top of the photoresist layer. The long wavelength photons render the photochromic layer opaque, while the short-wavelength photons render it transparent. By simultaneously illuminating a ring-shaped spot at the long wavelength and a round spot at the short wavelength, the photochromic layer transmits only a highly confined beam at the short wavelength, which then exposes the underlying photoresist. Many photochromic molecules suffer from a giant mismatch in quantum yields for the opposing reactions such that the reaction initiated by the absorption of the short-wavelength photon is orders of magnitude more efficient than that initiated by the absorption of the long-wavelength photon. As a result, large intensities in the ring-shaped spot are required for deep sub-wavelength nanopatterning. In this article, we overcome this problem by using the long-wavelength photons to expose the photoresist, and the short-wavelength photons to confine the “exposing” beam. Thereby, we demonstrate the patterning of features as thin as λ/4.7 (137nm for λ = 647nm) using extremely low intensities (4-30 W/m2, which is 34 times lower than that required in conventional AMOL). We further apply a rigorous model to explain our experiments and discuss the scope of the reverse-AMOL process.
A Selection Rule for Hydrofluoroether Electrolyte Cosolvent: Establishing a Linear Free‐Energy Relationship in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2019)

Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) have been adopted widely as electrolyte cosolvents for battery systems because of their unique low solvating behavior. The electrolyte is currently utilized in lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, and sodium-ion batteries. By evaluating the relative solvating power of different HFEs with distinct structural features, and considering the shuttle factor displayed by electrolytes that employ HFE cosolvents, we have established the quantitative structure-activity relationship between the organic structure and the electrochemical performance of the HFEs. Moreover, we have established the linear free-energy relationship between the structural properties of the electrolyte cosolvents and the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries. These findings provide valuable mechanistic insight into the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries, and are instructive when it comes to selecting the most suitable HFE electrolyte cosolvent for different battery systems.
Highly exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets atomically doped with Cu for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction: an experimental and theoretical study (2021)

We present a facile method for the rational design of highly exfoliated two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets (T x = O, OH, and F) doped with Cu (Cu/Ti 3 C 2 T x ) for electrochemical CO 2 reduction to formic acid at low Cu content of ∼1 wt%.
Morphology and Properties of Spray‐Dried Particles (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Morphology of Spray-Dried Particles Retention of Flavor in Spray-Dried Food Products Encapsulation and Microencapsulation of Enzymes and Oil by Spray Drying General Quality Aspects Concluding Remarks References
Predicting mechanical properties of material extrusion additive manufacturing-fabricated structures with limited information (2022)

Mechanical properties of additively manufactured structures fabricated using material extrusion additive manufacturing are predicted through combining thermal modeling with entanglement theory and molecular dynamics approaches. A one-dimensional model of heat transfer in a single road width wall is created and validated against both thermography and mechanical testing results. Various model modifications are investigated to determine which heat transfer considerations are important to predicting properties. This approach was able to predict tear energies on reasonable scales with minimal information about the polymer. Such an approach is likely to be applicable to a wide range of amorphous and low crystallinity thermoplastics.
Activated protein C ameliorates impaired renal microvascular oxygenation and sodium reabsorption in endotoxemic rats (2013)

Renal sodium reabsorption is closely correlated to renal microvascular oxygenation during endotoxemia. In this study, fluid resuscitation and APC supplementation were not significantly effective in protecting renal microvascular oxygenation and renal function. The specific mechanisms responsible for these effects of APC warrant further study.
The endogenous mink cell focus-forming (MCF) gp70 linked to the Rmcf gene restricts MCF virus replication in vivo and provides partial resistance to erythroleukemia induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. (1988)

The Rmcf locus restricts the in vitro replication of mink cell focus-forming (MCF) viruses in cell cultures derived from mice carrying the resistance allele. Previously we reported that in cell cultures from first backcross progeny, this Rmcf-linked restriction segregates with the expression of an endogenous retroviral gp70 serologically related to that of MCF viruses. The current report details the results of genetic studies designed to examine the possible association of this endogenous gp70 with resistance of mice to Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV)-induced erythroleukemia. This env gene segregates as a single dominant trait in (DBA/2 X IRW) X IRW progeny, in which the expression of the gene can be detected by serological techniques. Results indicated that the gp70- progeny developed leukemia at the same rate as the susceptible IRW parent, whereas the tempo of disease among the gp70+ progeny was significantly slower. However, the resistance mediated by this gene was only partial, since most of the gp70+ offspring eventually developed erythroleukemia when followed for 6 mo. This endogenous gp70 also segregated with a restriction to the expression of recombinant MCF viruses after infection with F-MuLV. Since in this study all unlinked genes segregated independently, this is direct evidence that MCF viruses participate in the induction of erythroleukemia.
Progressive and hybrid target detection with PIR sensors (2014)

This paper proposes a progressive and hybrid target detection algorithm to improve the results of two PIR processing algorithms featured by window energy and alarm duration. This algorithm reduces environmental noises alerting false alarms and provides a reliable performance for moving-object detection outdoors. The suggested algorithm supports light-weight target detection for a resource-constrained system usually used in wireless sensor networks.
Regulatory Actions of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in Leishmania donovani Infection in the Liver (2013)

In livers of susceptible but self-curing C57BL/6 mice, intracellular Leishmania donovani infection enhanced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 gene expression. In the liver, infected TLR4(-/-) mice showed reduced gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression, higher-level and slowly resolving infection, delayed granuloma formation, and little response to low-dose chemotherapy; in serum, the ratio of IFN-γ to interleukin 10 (IL-10) activity was decreased by 50%. In contrast, in TLR2(-/-) mice, control of liver infection, parasite killing, and granuloma assembly were accelerated and chemotherapy's efficacy enhanced. In livers of infected TLR2(-/-) mice, mRNA expression was not increased for inflammatory cytokines or iNOS or decreased for IL-10; however, the serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was increased 6.5-fold and minimal responses to IL-10 receptor blockade suggested downregulated IL-10. In established infection in wild-type mice, blockading TLR2 induced parasite killing and triggering TLR4 strengthened resistance and promoted chemotherapy's effect. Thus, in experimental L. donovani infection in the liver, TLR4 signaling upregulates and TLR2 signaling downregulates macrophage antileishmanial activity, making both receptors potential therapeutic targets in visceral leishmaniasis for engagement (TLR4) or blockade (TLR2).
Electrochemical Abatement of Analgesic Antipyretic 4‐Aminophenazone using Conductive Boron‐Doped Diamond and Sub‐Stoichiometric Titanium Oxide Anodes: Kinetics, Mineralization and Toxicity Assessment (2018)

Abstract The oxidation ability of two prominent eco‐friendly electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), namely anodic oxidation with H 2 O 2 generation (AO‐H 2 O 2 ) and electro‐Fenton (EF) for complete abatement of acidic solution of 4‐aminophenazone (4‐APZ) has been investigated using conductive boron‐doped diamond (BDD) and sub‐stoichiometric titanium oxide (Ti 4 O 7 ) anodes and carbon‐felt cathode. The higher performance of EF compared to AO‐H 2 O 2 with either anode was demonstrated. In all trials, 4‐APZ was completely destroyed, following pseudo first‐order kinetics with the rate constant values increasing with applied current and higher values attained with BDD compared to Ti 4 O 7 anode at similar conditions. The absolute rate constant for the reaction between 4‐APZ and hydroxyl radicals was found to be 3.9±0.2×10 9 L mol −1 s −1 . Complete mineralization could be attained with BDD anode, whereas Ti 4 O 7 anode only showed excellent mineralization up to 94 % TOC removal. Therefore, Ti 4 O 7 anode can constitutes a promising anode material thanks to its lower manufacturing cost. Inorganic ions like NO 3 − and HCO 3 − at concentration up to 25 mM has no effect on mineralization efficiency during AO‐H 2 O 2 , but the presence of Cl − even at lower concentration of 10 mM significantly reduced the TOC removal efficiency. The toxicity of the solution sharply increased at initial stage of treatment, corresponding to the formation of cyclic by‐products but their conversion to carboxylic acids due to longer treatment time involved a sharp toxicity decrease, thus ensuring overall detoxification.
Abstract 105: Evaluation of a New, Lower Dose for Pediatric Defibrillation with Automated External Defibrillators (2006)

Introduction The new AHA Guidelines recommend a pediatric AED dose for pediatric VF, yet the optimal pediatric dose remains unknown. We have previous reported that biphasic escalating doses of 50–75– 86J were effective at terminating VF, resulted in less post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction, and produced better outcomes than defibrillation with biphasic adult shocks (200–300–360 J). We hypothesized that a 35 J pediatric shock dose (lower, non-escalating) would be safe and effective in the same piglet model of prolonged VF compared with adult doses. Methods Following 7 minutes of untreated VF, 24 piglets were randomized to receive either biphasic shocks at 35–35–35 J (Bi35 group) or 50–75– 86 J (Bi50 group) via pediatric-sized pads or adult shocks at 200–300–360 J (Bi200 group) via adult pads. Resuscitation was per pediatric BLS protocol to 20 minutes, then pediatric ALS protocol to 27 minutes. A nonparametric statistical test (Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn correction) was used. Results Piglets (19±3kg) required more Bi35 than Bi200 shocks to terminate the initial VF episode (*p=0.03) and received more shocks overall (7.9±6.3 vs 1.4±0.5, p=0.008). There was no significant difference between the 3 groups in cumulative dose. Animals defibrillated with 35 J had a 10% decrease in LVEF from baseline at 4 hours versus a 32% decrease in piglets receiving the adult dose shock (p=0.14). Survival to 4 hours was nearly equal between the three groups with good neurological outcome in 7/8 Bi35 piglets versus 3/8 Bi200 (p=0.09). Conclusion Outcomes were similar for this lower dose and the previously proven 50 J pediatric AED dose. Compared to the adult dose, both attenuated doses tended to be associated with less myocardial dysfunction and better 24-hour outcome. Although this lowest dose required more shocks than the adult dose, our results suggest that this new, lower dose would be safe and effective for pediatric defibrillation.
ChemInform Abstract: Taxamycin Studies: CrCl2/NiCl2‐Mediated Cyclizations and Unusual SeO2 Oxidations. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) (2006)

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3 (L2TPv3) defines an
extensible tunneling protocol to transport layer 2 services over IP
networks. This document describes the specifics of how to use the L2TP
control plane for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Pseudowires and
provides guidelines for transporting various ATM services over an IP
network. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Co-design Hardware and Algorithm for Vector Search (2023)

Vector search has emerged as the foundation for large-scale information retrieval and machine learning systems, with search engines like Google and Bing processing tens of thousands of queries per second on petabyte-scale document datasets by evaluating vector similarities between encoded query texts and web documents. As performance demands for vector search systems surge, accelerated hardware offers a promising solution in the post-Moore's Law era. We introduce \textit{FANNS}, an end-to-end and scalable vector search framework on FPGAs. Given a user-provided recall requirement on a dataset and a hardware resource budget, \textit{FANNS} automatically co-designs hardware and algorithm, subsequently generating the corresponding accelerator. The framework also supports scale-out by incorporating a hardware TCP/IP stack in the accelerator. \textit{FANNS} attains up to 23.0$\times$ and 37.2$\times$ speedup compared to FPGA and CPU baselines, respectively, and demonstrates superior scalability to GPUs, achieving 5.5$\times$ and 7.6$\times$ speedup in median and 95\textsuperscript{th} percentile (P95) latency within an eight-accelerator configuration. The remarkable performance of \textit{FANNS} lays a robust groundwork for future FPGA integration in data centers and AI supercomputers.
Neural Encoding of Auditory Features during Music Perception and Imagery (2017)

Despite many behavioral and neuroimaging investigations, it remains unclear how the human cortex represents spectrotemporal sound features during auditory imagery, and how this representation compares to auditory perception. To assess this, we recorded electrocorticographic signals from an epileptic patient with proficient music ability in 2 conditions. First, the participant played 2 piano pieces on an electronic piano with the sound volume of the digital keyboard on. Second, the participant replayed the same piano pieces, but without auditory feedback, and the participant was asked to imagine hearing the music in his mind. In both conditions, the sound output of the keyboard was recorded, thus allowing precise time-locking between the neural activity and the spectrotemporal content of the music imagery. This novel task design provided a unique opportunity to apply receptive field modeling techniques to quantitatively study neural encoding during auditory mental imagery. In both conditions, we built encoding models to predict high gamma neural activity (70-150 Hz) from the spectrogram representation of the recorded sound. We found robust spectrotemporal receptive fields during auditory imagery with substantial, but not complete overlap in frequency tuning and cortical location compared to receptive fields measured during auditory perception.
Insulin Stimulates the Tyrosine Dephosphorylation of pp125 Focal Adhesion Kinase (1995)

The phosphorylation state of pp125 focal adhesion kinase in response to insulin was examined in parental and transfected Rat-1 fibroblasts expressing both wild-type (HIRc cells) and mutant human insulin receptor cDNAs lacking the C-terminal twin tyrosine phosphorylation sites (YF2 cells) or a deletion mutant lacking the distal 43 amino acids of the beta-subunit (delta CT cells). In HIRc cells insulin stimulated the tyrosine dephosphorylation of pp125fak, whereas IGF-I did not. In contrast, the tyrosine phosphorylation state of pp125fak was unchanged in the parental Rat-1 fibroblasts and the YF2 or delta CT mutant cell lines in response to insulin. Analysis of the supernatants revealed that pp125fak was only one component of the major M(r), 120-130-kDa phosphotyrosine band seen in HIRc cells. We conclude that: 1) in contrast to other growth factors, insulin stimulates the dephosphorylation of pp125fak; 2) the presence of the insulin receptor C-terminal tyrosines 1328 and 1334 is required for the insulin-stimulated tyrosine dephosphorylation of pp125fak, suggesting a possible SH2 domain-dependent interaction; 3) insulin may modulate integrin-mediated signaling through pp125fak by altering the phosphorylation state of pp125fak.