gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Oxygenation of Anthracenes and Olefins with Dioxygen via Selective Radical Coupling Using 9-Mesityl-10-methylacridinium Ion as an Effective Electron-Transfer Photocatalyst (2004)

Visible light irradiation of the absorption band of 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr+-Mes) in an O2-saturated acetonitrile (MeCN) solution containing 9,10-dimethylanthracene results in formation of oxygenation product, i.e., dimethylepidioxyanthracene (Me2An-O2). Anthracene and 9-methylanthracene also undergo photocatalytic oxygenation with Acr+-Mes to afford the corresponding epidioxyanthracenes under the photoirradiation. In the case of anthracene, the further photoirradiation results in formation of anthraquinone as the final six-electron oxidation product, via 10-hydroxyanthrone, accompanied by generation of H2O2. When anthracene is replaced by olefins (tetraphenylethylene and tetramethylethylene), the photocatalytic oxygenation of olefins affords the corresponding dioxetane, in which the O-O bond is cleaved to yield the corresponding ketones. The photocatalytic oxygenation of anthracenes and olefins is initiated by photoexcitation of Acr+-Mes, which results in formation of the electron-transfer state: Acr*-Mes*+, followed by electron transfer from anthracenes and olefins to the Mes*+ moiety together with electron transfer from the Acr* moiety to O2. The resulting anthracene and olefin radical cations undergo the radical coupling reactions with O2*- to produce the epidioxyanthracene (An-O2) and dioxetane, respectively.
Microarray analysis of Escherichia <i>Coli</i> isolates from canine and feline urinary tract infections indicate the potential for zoonotic and anthropozoonotic transmission (2016)

Annals of Global Health is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, online journal dedicated to publishing high quality articles dedicated to all aspects of global health. The journal's mission is to advance global health, promote research, and foster the prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Its goals are to improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity, and promote wise stewardship of the earth's environment. The latest journal impact factor is 2.90. Annals of Global Health is supported by the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good at Boston College. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health. From time to time, Annals of Global Health publishes Special Collections, a series of articles organized around a common theme in global health. Recent Special Collections have included "Local evidence and strategies in addressing NCDs Non-Communicable Diseases in Tanzania", "Universal Health Coverage through Integrated Care", and "The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health". Global health workers interested in developing a Special Collection are strongly encouraged to contact the Managing Editor in advance to discuss the project.
FlowSense (2022)

Proper indoor ventilation through buildings' heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has become an increasing public health concern that significantly impacts individuals' health and safety at home, work, and school. While much work has progressed in providing energy-efficient and user comfort for HVAC systems through IoT devices and mobile-sensing approaches, ventilation is an aspect that has received lesser attention despite its importance. With a motivation to monitor airflow from building ventilation systems through commodity sensing devices, we present FlowSense, a machine learning-based algorithm to predict airflow rate from sensed audio data in indoor spaces. Our ML technique can predict the state of an air vent---whether it is on or off---as well as the rate of air flowing through active vents. By exploiting a low-pass filter to obtain low-frequency audio signals, we put together a privacy-preserving pipeline that leverages a silence detection algorithm to only sense sounds of from HVAC air vents when no human speech is detected. We also propose the Minimum Persistent Sensing (MPS) as a post-processing algorithm to reduce interference from ambient noise, including ongoing human conversation, office machines, and traffic noises. Together, these techniques ensure user privacy and improve the robustness of FlowSense. We validate our approach yielding over 90% accuracy in predicting vent status and 0.96 MSE in predicting airflow rate when the device is placed within 2.25 meters away from an air vent. Our approach can be generalized to environments with similar vent dimensions and geometry outlets. Additionally, we demonstrate how our approach as a mobile audio-sensing platform is robust to smartphone models, distance, and orientation. Finally, we evaluate FlowSense privacy-preserving pipeline through a user study and a Google Speech Recognition service, confirming that the audio signals we used as input data are inaudible and inconstructible.
NMR structural studies on the covalent DNA binding of a pyrrolobenzodiazepine–naphthalimide conjugate (2010)

The DNA binding of a naphthalimide drug conjugated through a piperazine containing linker with a pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) to d(AACAATTGTT)(2) was studied by a combination of high-resolution (1)H and (31)P 2D NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations in explicit solvent. The bifunctional hybrid binds with its PBD moiety covalently linked within the minor groove to a guanine with an S stereochemistry at its covalent linkage site at C11 and a 5'-orientation of its A-ring carrying the linker with the naphthalimide ligand. The latter inserts from the minor groove between an A-A.T-T base pair step resulting in an opposite buckling of the base pairs at the intercalation site and duplex unwinding at adjacent internucleotide steps. There is NMR spectroscopic evidence that the naphthalimide undergoes a ring-flip motion with exchange rates slow to intermediate on the chemical shift time scale at ambient temperatures.
Defense Against Spoofed IP Traffic Using Hop-Count Filtering (2007)

IP spoofing has often been exploited by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks to: 1)conceal flooding sources and dilute localities in flooding traffic, and 2)coax legitimate hosts into becoming reflectors, redirecting and amplifying flooding traffic. Thus, the ability to filter spoofed IP packets near victim servers is essential to their own protection and prevention of becoming involuntary DoS reflectors. Although an attacker can forge any field in the IP header, he cannot falsify the number of hops an IP packet takes to reach its destination. More importantly, since the hop-count values are diverse, an attacker cannot randomly spoof IP addresses while maintaining consistent hop-counts. On the other hand, an Internet server can easily infer the hop-count information from the Time-to-Live (TTL) field of the IP header. Using a mapping between IP addresses and their hop-counts, the server can distinguish spoofed IP packets from legitimate ones. Based on this observation, we present a novel filtering technique, called Hop-Count Filtering (HCF)-which builds an accurate IP-to-hop-count (IP2HC) mapping table-to detect and discard spoofed IP packets. HCF is easy to deploy, as it does not require any support from the underlying network. Through analysis using network measurement data, we show that HCF can identify close to 90% of spoofed IP packets, and then discard them with little collateral damage. We implement and evaluate HCF in the Linux kernel, demonstrating its effectiveness with experimental measurements
C2‐Symmetric Cationic Copper(II) Complexes as Chiral Lewis Acids: Counterion Effects in the Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reaction (1995)

Alone a tailor-made chiral cationic Lewis acid is not sufficient to achieve high enantiomic excesses in Diels–Alder reactions; the counterion can dramatically affect the efficiency of the chiral catalyst. Thus, for example, the enantioselectivities reached in these reactions in the presence of the copper complex 1 with X = SbF6 as counterion are in some cases substantially greater than those with X = OSO2CF3.
Navigation Strategies for Exploring Indoor Environments (2002)

In this paper, we investigate safe and efficient map-building strategies for a mobile robot with imperfect control and sensing. In the implementation, a robot equipped with a range sensor builds apolygonal map (layout) of a previously unknown indoor environment. The robot explores the environment and builds the map concurrently by patching together the local models acquired by the sensor into a global map. A well-studied and related problem is the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem, where the goal is to integrate the information collected during navigation into the most accurate map possible. However, SLAM does not address the sensor-placement portion of the map-building task. That is, given the map built so far, where should the robot go next? This is the main question addressed in this paper. Concretely, an algorithm is proposed to guide the robot through a series of "good" positions, where "good" refers to the expected amount and quality of the information that will be revealed at each new location. This is similar to the next-best-view (NBV) problem studied in computer vision and graphics. However, in mobile robotics the problem is complicated by several issues, two of which are particularly crucial. One is to achieve safe navigation despite an incomplete knowledge of the environment and sensor limitations (e.g., in range and incidence). The other issue is the need to ensure sufficient overlap between each new local model and the current map, in order to allow registration of successive views under positioning uncertainties inherent to mobile robots. To address both issues in a coherent framework, in this paper we introduce the concept of a safe region, defined as the largest region that is guaranteed to be free of obstacles given the sensor readings made so far. The construction of a safe region takes sensor limitations into account. In this paper we also describe an NBV algorithm that uses the safe-region concept to select the next robot position at each step. The new position is chosen within the safe region in order to maximize the expected gain of information under the constraint that the local model at this new position must have a minimal overlap with the current global map. In the future, NBV and SLAM algorithms should reinforce each other. While a SLAM algorithm builds a map by making the best use of the available sensory data, an NBV algorithm, such as that proposed here, guides the navigation of the robot through positions selected to provide the best sensory inputs.
Status of the Petawatt Field Synthesizer—pump-seed synchronization measurements (2010)

The Petawatt-Field-Synthesizer (PFS) project at the Max-Planck-Institut fr Quantenoptik (Garching), aims at combining few-cycle pulse durations with petawatt-scale peak powers by using short pulses (on the few-ps scale) for both seeding and pumping an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) chain. Such a short-pulse pumped OPCPA approach imposes very strict demands on the synchronization between the seed and the pump pulses, i.e. the timing jitter between the pulses has to be below the 100 fs-level. We report on recent progress on the development of the PFS system, in particular about the investigation of the pump-seed timing jitter. We have identified the grating stretcher/compressor setup of the pump laser chain as the main source of a temporal instability of about >200 fs rms and propose ways to eliminate this in order to allow for first short-pusle pumped OPCPA experiments.
Mitigation of Imperfect Carver-Induced Phase Distortions in a Coherent PM-RZ-QPSK Receiver (2010)

The impact of phase distortions caused by imperfect return-to-zero (RZ) pulse carving on 112 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed (PM)-RZ-quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) is investigated, and mitigation of the phase distortion is demonstrated by using digital signal processing technique. We show that carver-induced phase distortion causes an error in frequency offset estimation as well as sensitivity degradation. Based on the periodicity of distortion pattern, the phase distortion is compensated by estimating mean phase distortions for even and odd symbols after block phase estimation and subtracting these values from original symbols. The optical SNR penalty measured at 112 Gb/s PM-RZ-DQPSK signal is reduced from 3.8 to 1.1 dB with the help of correction algorithm.
Motion compensation for non-gated helical CT: application to lung imaging (2018)

Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the thorax is a common application of CT in radiology. Most of these scans are performed with a helical scan protocol. A significant number of images suffer from motion artefacts due to the inability of the patients to hold their breath or due to hiccups or coughing. Some images become nondiagnostic while others are simply degraded in quality. In order to correct for these artefacts a motion compensated reconstruction for non-periodic motion is required. For helical CT scans with a pitch smaller or equal to one the redundancy in the helical projection data can be used to generate images at the identical spatial position for multiple time points. As the scanner moves across the thorax during the scan, these images do not have a fixed time point, but a well-defined temporal distance inbetween the images. Using image based registration a motion vector field can be estimated based on these images. The motion artefacts are corrected in a subsequent motion compensated reconstruction. The method is tested on mathematical phantom data (reconstruction) and clinical lung scans (motion estimation and reconstruction).
Immediate post‐resection diabetes mellitus after pancreaticoduodenectomy: incidence and risk factors (2012)

New-onset, post-resection diabetes occurs in 4% of patients undergoing PD. Factors predictive of iPRDM include pre-operative glucose intolerance, elevated pre-operative glucose and increased specimen length. These data are important for patient education and predicting outcomes after PD.
Nifs and Sufs in malaria (2001)

This review assembles data from three bodies of literature (bacterial genetics, plastid biogenesis and parasitology) that seldom have much direct cross-talk. After overcoming terminological complications to sort out microbial nifS from sufS genes, we connect a bacterial operon, recently found to be involved in iron metabolism, the formation of [Fe-S] clusters and oxidative stress to a potentially important gene (sufB) carried on the degenerate plastid genome of malaria and related parasites.
Measuring and analysing supply chain schedule stability: A case study in the automotive industry (1997)

Final assembly plants send material schedules to first-tier suppliers who in turn send schedules to second-tier suppliers and so on through the multiple tiers of the supply chain. A key cost driver for the supply chain is a schedule characteristic termed stability. The Total Quality Management approach is applied to improve schedule stability in the supply chain of a large vertically integrated automotive manufacturer. A measurement described, actual stability results are provided, the causes of instability are listed, and some corrective actions are specified. Results indicate that schedule stability can be improved without damaging the performance of other measures such as inventory and customer responsiveness. and analysis process is Keywords: Supply ChainStabilityTqm
Halo Measurement Using Phase-Sorting Interferometry (2011)

Imperfections, misalignments, aberrations, and even dust can significantly limit sensitivity in high-contrast imaging systems such as coronagraphs. An upstream deformable mirror (DM) can be used to correct or compensate for these flaws. To include non-common-path errors introduced after the an AO system closed loop, correcting measurements must be made with the science camera. Measurement of the phase and amplitude of a star's halo is sufficient to compute a compensating pupil DM shape that suppresses the scattered halo. Phase-Sorting Interferometry (PSI) is a technique that uses AO residual starlight speckles and wavefront sensor measurements to estimate the complex halo. We have demonstrated PSI on-sky at the 6.5m MMTO telescope using mid-IR L and M-band images.
WS2 Breeds with Carbon to Create a Wormlike Nanostructure and Assembly:  Reaction of W(CO)6 with S under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature under Inert Atmosphere (2006)

The thermolysis of W(CO)6 in the presence of elemental S, in a closed Swagelok reactor at 750 °C under inert atmosphere, produced anisotropic WS2 particles embedded in carbon. These particles are created as a one-dimensional, wormlike nanostructure and assembly. A one-step, solvent-free, straightforward, environmentally friendly (no traditional use of H2S and H2/N2 forming gas), and competent RAPET (reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature) approach is used for the current synthesis. Systematic compositional (EDX, CHNS, SAEDX, WDX mapping), structural (XRD, HR-TEM, Raman spectroscopy), morphological (HR−SEM, HR-TEM), and BET surface area analyses are carried out to understand the formed product. The mechanistic elucidation for the formation of anisotropic WS2 particles embedded in carbon is provided on the basis of the obtained analytical data, control experiments, and previously published reports.
Expanding the Scope of Group Transfer Polymerization Using N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Catalysts: Application to Miscellaneous (Meth)acrylic Monomers and Kinetic Investigations (2010)

1,3-Bis(di-isopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1) and 1,3-bis(di-tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (2), which are N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are shown to catalyze the solution group transfer polymerization (GTP) of miscellaneous monomers in a controlled fashion at room temperature, in the presence of 1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-trimethylsiloxypropene (MTS) as initiator. The ability of seven distinct monomers, methyl methacrylate (MMA), tert-butyl acrylate (tBA), n-butyl acrylate (nBA), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA), N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and methacrylonitrile (MAN) to polymerize via GTP by NHC catalysis has been evaluated. The first-order kinetic plots, that is the evolution of ln[M]0/[M] versus time, systematically deviate from linearity, with the noticeable exception of GTP of DMA. A direct dependence of the rate of GTP on the concentration in MTS initiator is observed in the case of tBA carried out in THF, that is, the rate of polymerization increases with [MTS], with a first-order dependence on [MTS]. These results suggest the formation of hypervalent siliconate intermediates in NHC-induced GTP of acrylic monomers which proceeds via an associative mechanism. The nonlinear variation of ln[M]0/[M] with time in the terminal phase of the polymerization of both acrylates and methacrylates may be explained by the development of strong interactions between the NHC and pendant ester groups of poly(meth)acrylates, limiting the availability of the catalyst for chain end activation. In contrast, interactions between the NHC and amide-type units of poly(DMA) are unlikely, NHCs being not known as effective catalysts for transamidation reactions. A first-order kinetic plot with a linear variation of ln[M]0/[M] with time is thus observed for the NHC-catalyzed GTP of DMA.
Eating quality of 'Gala' and 'Fuji' apples from multiple harvests and storage durations (1997)

Eating quality of 'Gala' and 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from multiple harvests and storage durations was assessed using an untrained consumer panel. Apples were harvested at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and stored in air. Changes due to harvest maturity and storage for overall liking (OL), sweetness, tartness, firmness, and flavor intensity were evaluated over 8 months. A multivariate factor analysis revealed multicollinearity for OL, sweetness, and flavor intensity ratings in both cultivars. These attributes had the highest loadings in the first factor, explaining 51% and 52% of the variance of 'Gala' and 'Fuji' data sets, respectively, and were interpreted as a quality factor. Tartness and firmness had the highest loadings in the second factor for 'Gala', explaining an additional 23% of the variability and reducing that cultivar's data set to two factors. For 'Fuji', however, tartness and firmness were independent and included in factors 2 and 3, respectively. Factors 2 and 3 were interpreted as maturity factors, which explained 23% and 12% of the variance. The plots of the mean factor scores provided a multivariate technique to illustrate that panelists could differentiate between the stages of maturity of apples. Canonical correlations were calculated between the sensory and instrumental data. Only firmness measurements were correlated with sensory ratings for firmness (r = 0.53 and 0.44 for 'Gala' and 'Fuji', respectively).
Structure and spectra of murexide and of alkali purpurates: Crystal structure of lithium purpurate dihydrate (1972)

Abstract Crystals of lithium purpurate dihydrate are triclinic, a = 6.715, b = 6.822, c = 14.038 Å, α = 96.85, β = 100.94, γ = 67.41°, space group P 1 , Z = 2. From the results of a detailed three‐dimensional analysis the lithium ion is found to be bonded to three atoms (two oxygen plus central nitrogen) of one purpurate anion, and also to an oxygen atom of a second purpurate anion and to a water molecule to complete a roughly square‐pyramidal 5‐coordination. The purpurate anion is markedly nonplanar, the two six‐membered rings being twisted by 22° around the central CN bonds. A molecular mechanics calculation, based on reasonable interatomic potential functions, reproduces the observed geometry of the lithium complex and indicates that with larger cations the degree of out‐of‐plane twisting should increase. The observed dependence of the characteristic long‐wave absorption of purpurate complexes on ionic radius is explained qualitatively on the basis of simple HMO‐theory.
Bright and dark plasmon resonances of nanoplasmonic antennas evanescently coupled with a silicon nitride waveguide (2015)

In this work we investigate numerically and experimentally the resonance wavelength tuning of different nanoplasmonic antennas excited through the evanescent field of a single mode silicon nitride waveguide and study their interaction with this excitation field. Experimental interaction efficiencies up to 19% are reported and it is shown that the waveguide geometry can be tuned in order to optimize this interaction. Apart from the excitation of bright plasmon modes, an efficient coupling between the evanescent field and a dark plasmonic resonance is experimentally demonstrated and theoretically explained as a result of the propagation induced phase delay.