gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Hot Spots Evolution on Brake Disc Using High-Speed Infrared Camera (2009)

The hot spot generation has been considered as the main degradation mechanism in railway brake disc. Therefore, the understanding of hot spots, also called hot judder, which is undesirable low frequency vibrations developed by non-uniform contact area between brake pad material and brake disc, is important for a better understanding of material design as well as enhancement of materials properties in railway brake disc. Also, infrared (IR) thermography is a powerful NDE technique for the characterization of thermal phenomenon in engineering components and/or systems including engineering materials. The high-speed IR camera provides the measurement of temperature change during brake operation as well as the images of temperature contour on the brake disc surface. In this investigation, damage evolution due to generation of hot spots on railway brake disc was investigated using the infrared thermography method. Moreover, based on obtained thermographic images of hot spots, the hot spots and thermal damage of railway brake disc during braking operation were qualitatively analyzed.
Fast Wavelet Based Functional Models for Transcriptome Analysis with Tiling Arrays (2012)

For a better understanding of the biology of an organism, a complete description is needed of all regions of the genome that are actively transcribed. Tiling arrays are used for this purpose. They allow for the discovery of novel transcripts and the assessment of differential expression between two or more experimental conditions such as genotype, treatment, tissue, etc. In tiling array literature, many efforts are devoted to transcript discovery, whereas more recent developments also focus on differential expression. To our knowledge, however, no methods for tiling arrays have been described that can simultaneously assess transcript discovery and identify differentially expressed transcripts. In this paper, we adopt wavelet based functional models to the context of tiling arrays. The high dimensionality of the data triggered us to avoid inference based on Bayesian MCMC methods. Instead, we introduce a fast empirical Bayes method that provides adaptive regularization of the functional effects. A simulation study and a case study illustrate that our approach is well suited for the simultaneous assessment of transcript discovery and differential expression in tiling array studies, and that it outperforms methods that accomplish only one of these tasks.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions Involving Fluoride Ion. Part 36. Aromatic Amines as Carbon Nucleophiles in Reactions with Unsaturated Fluorocarbons. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal Aging of Rh/ZrO2–CeO2 Three-Way Catalysts under Dynamic Lean/Rich Perturbation Accelerates Deactivation via an Encapsulation Mechanism (2023)

A Rh/ZrO2–CeO2 (Rh/ZC) three-way catalyst was exposed to high-temperature exhaust gas mixtures fluctuating between stoichiometric (S), oxidizing (fuel-lean, L), and reducing (fuel-rich, R) compositions. The catalyst deactivation during thermal aging at 1000 °C for 40 h under a dynamic SLR cycle condition (S: 25 s, L: 2.5 s, and R: 2.5 s) was more severe than that under static conditions (S, L, or R). Chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the total encapsulation of Rh particles with a ZC overlayer caused physical blockage and suppressed catalytic activity. This deactivation mode of the SLR-aged catalyst was characterized by the Rh particle size (ca. 17 nm) as small as that of the R-aged catalyst (ca. 15 nm in size), which preserved the highest activity. On the other hand, their CO chemisorption capacities differed by 50-fold. Almost complete encapsulation occurred under a dynamic SLR cycle condition but not under the reducing (R) and other static conditions (S and L). Furthermore, post-treatment in air at 1000 °C did not recover the catalyst from the encapsulation state. This result was in contrast to the well-known strong metal–support interaction-induced decoration or encapsulation effects of metal catalysts supported on CeO2-based oxides, which occur under a strongly reducing atmosphere at high temperatures but disappear after subsequent reoxidation. The encapsulation under a dynamic SLR cycle condition suggests that the migration of ZC components to overcoat and embed Rh particles is activated by repeated oxygen release and storage near the metal–support interface.
Performance and Convergence Analysis of Tree-LDPC codes on the Min-Sum Iterative Decoding Algorithm (2005)

In this paper, the performance of Tree-LDPC code 1 is presented based on the min-sum algorithm with scaling and the asymptotic performance in the water fall region is shown by density evolution. We presents that the Tree-LDPC code show a significant performance gain by scaling with the optimal scaling factor 3 which is obtained by density evolution methods. We also show that the performance of min-sum with scaling is as good as the performance of sum-product while the decoding complexity of min-sum algorithm is much lower than that of sum-product algorithm.
Carbohydrate Moieties Contribute Significantly to the Physicochemical Properties of French Bean 7S Globulin Phaseolin (2010)

We have previously reported that the solubility of French bean 7S globulin (phaseolin) at low ionic strength and its emulsifying stability are remarkably high compared with those of 7S globulins prepared from other plant species, including soybean (Kimura et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 10273-10279). In this study, we examined the role of carbohydrate moieties in the properties of phaseolin. Three preparations of phaseolin were analyzed: (i) N7S, prepared from defatted seed meal and having intact carbohydrate moieties; (ii) R7S, expressed in E. coli and lacking N-linked glycans; and (iii) EN7S, having partial N-linked glycans after treatment with Endo H. The solubilities of N7S and EN7S were much higher than that of R7S at a low ionic strength (micro = 0.08). N7S exhibited good emulsifying ability under the conditions examined, but R7S did not. In terms of emulsion stability, an emulsion of R7S separated into two phases after 1 h at micro = 0.01, 0.08, and 0.5, whereas the emulsion of N7S was stable for 5 days at micro = 0.01 and for at least 10 days at micro = 0.08 and 0.5. The emulsion stability of EN7S was comparable to that of N7S under most conditions examined. These results indicate the carbohydrate modifications are necessary for the good solubility, emulsifying ability, and emulsion stability of phaseolin. Further, a structural analysis of the carbohydrate moieties indicates that truncated carbohydrate moieties are sufficient for conferring these physicochemical properties to phaseolin.
Genetic divergence of enterovirus D68 in China and the United States (2016)

The largest outbreak of human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) infections associated with severe respiratory illness and neurological complications emerged from the United States in 2014. China reported the circulation of EV-D68 since 2006, but these cases were sporadic and did not display neurological symptoms. Yet viral determinants responsible for the difference in prevalence between China and the U.S. were not clear. We analyzed the genome of 64 reported Chinese EV-D68 strains and found that genogroup replacement has occurred in China since 2006. The six coding mutations (M291T, V341A, T860N, D927N, S1108G and R2005K) associated with neurovirulence reported in American strains were not found in Chinese strains. Moreover, 2014 Chinese strains had a unique R220A mutation in the puff region of VP2 while R220E mutation occurred in other strains. Like other enteroviruses, the loop sequences of the domain X and Y in the 3'-UTR of the Chinese strains are complementary. However, the X loop sequences of the 2014 American strains were not complementary but identical to Y loop sequences. These results indicate that different EV-D68 strains circulated in China and America and the mutations might be responsible for different prevalence. Our findings also provide new evidence for the sequence diversity of EV-D68.
Services for prediction of drug susceptibility for HIV proteases and reverse transcriptases at the HIV drug research centre (2011)

The services are implemented as interoperable Web services (REST and XMPP), with supporting web pages to allow for individual analyses. A set of plugins were also developed which make the services available from the Bioclipse workbench for life science. Services are available at http://www.hivdrc.org/services.
Personal Photograph Enhancement Using Internet Photo Collections (2013)

Given the growth of Internet photo collections, we now have a visual index of all major cities and tourist sites in the world. However, it is still a difficult task to capture that perfect shot with your own camera when visiting these places, especially when your camera itself has limitations, such as a limited field of view. In this paper, we propose a framework to overcome the imperfections of personal photographs of tourist sites using the rich information provided by large-scale Internet photo collections. Our method deploys state-of-the-art techniques for constructing initial 3D models from photo collections. The same techniques are then used to register personal photographs to these models, allowing us to augment personal 2D images with 3D information. This strong available scene prior allows us to address a number of traditionally challenging image enhancement techniques and achieve high-quality results using simple and robust algorithms. Specifically, we demonstrate automatic foreground segmentation, mono-to-stereo conversion, field-of-view expansion, photometric enhancement, and additionally automatic annotation with geolocation and tags. Our method clearly demonstrates some possible benefits of employing the rich information contained in online photo databases to efficiently enhance and augment one's own personal photographs.
Destructive Dural Ectasia of Dorsal and Lumbar Spine with Cauda Equina Syndrome in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis (2010)

We present a patient with longstanding ankylosing spondylitis complicated with cauda equina syndrome. The patient suffered from increasing pain in the leg with reduced sensitivity and extremely cold feet associated with incontinence. Diagnostic workup revealed dural ectasia, arachnoiditis and a spinal inflammatory mass leading to extensive vertebral bone destruction. Of interest, this was not only found in the lumbar spine region (which is typical in cases of cauda equina syndrome associated with ankylosing spondylitis) but also in the lower cervical spine (C7) and upper dorsal spine. Moreover, the bone destructive phenotype of this complication of long-standing AS contrasts with the usual characteristics of new bone formation and ankylosis. As initial treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs was not sufficiently successful, infliximab therapy was started which resulted in manifest clinical improvement as chronic pain, incontinence and laboratory signs of inflammation progressively disappeared.
Phase-Change Material Anisotropic Scatterers for Switchable Nano-Scale Half-Wave Plates at Visible and NIR Wavelengths (2022)

We report on phase-change material scatterers in a half-wave plate design. A simulation study shows the cross-polarization of circularly polarized light reaches close to 20% around 800 nm in the ON state. Characterization is ongoing.
Invasion-specific genes in malignancy: serial analysis of gene expression comparisons of primary and passaged cancers. (2001)

The invasive growth of malignant cells induces an admixture of host reactions including desmoplasia, angiogenesis, and immune reactions Pancreatic cancer has a prominent and characteristic host reaction at the site of primary invasion. To obtain new insights into the process of tumor invasion, we studied global patterns of gene expression using serial analysis of gene expression in pancreatic cancer, with extension to other tumor types. Here we report a cluster of invasion-specific genes in pancreatic and other cancers. This cluster contains genes that derive from distinct components of the host reaction, including some that may be useful as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
iPSC–endothelial cell phenotypic drug screening and in silico analyses identify tyrphostin-AG1296 for pulmonary arterial hypertension (2021)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder leading to occlusive vascular remodeling. Current PAH therapies improve quality of life but do not reverse structural abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature. Here, we used high-throughput drug screening combined with in silico analyses of existing transcriptomic datasets to identify a promising lead compound to reverse PAH. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells generated from six patients with PAH were exposed to 4500 compounds and assayed for improved cell survival after serum withdrawal using a chemiluminescent caspase assay. Subsequent validation of caspase activity and improved angiogenesis combined with data analyses using the Gene Expression Omnibus and Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures databases revealed that the lead compound AG1296 was positively associated with an anti-PAH gene signature. AG1296 increased abundance of bone morphogenetic protein receptors, downstream signaling, and gene expression and suppressed PAH smooth muscle cell proliferation. AG1296 induced regression of PA neointimal lesions in lung organ culture and PA occlusive changes in the Sugen/hypoxia rat model and reduced right ventricular systolic pressure. Moreover, AG1296 improved vascular function and BMPR2 signaling and showed better correlation with the anti-PAH gene signature than other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Specifically, AG1296 up-regulated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 1/5 coactivators, cAMP response element-binding protein 3 (CREB3), and CREB5: CREB3 induced inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and downstream genes that improved vascular function. Thus, drug discovery for PAH can be accelerated by combining phenotypic screening with in silico analyses of publicly available datasets.
Presenilin 1 Maintains Lysosomal Ca2+ Homeostasis via TRPML1 by Regulating vATPase-Mediated Lysosome Acidification (2015)

Presenilin 1 (PS1) deletion or Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked mutations disrupt lysosomal acidification and proteolysis, which inhibits autophagy. Here, we establish that this phenotype stems from impaired glycosylation and instability of vATPase V0a1 subunit, causing deficient lysosomal vATPase assembly and function. We further demonstrate that elevated lysosomal pH in Presenilin 1 knockout (PS1KO) cells induces abnormal Ca(2+) efflux from lysosomes mediated by TRPML1 and elevates cytosolic Ca(2+). In WT cells, blocking vATPase activity or knockdown of either PS1 or the V0a1 subunit of vATPase reproduces all of these abnormalities. Normalizing lysosomal pH in PS1KO cells using acidic nanoparticles restores normal lysosomal proteolysis, autophagy, and Ca(2+) homeostasis, but correcting lysosomal Ca(2+) deficits alone neither re-acidifies lysosomes nor reverses proteolytic and autophagic deficits. Our results indicate that vATPase deficiency in PS1 loss-of-function states causes lysosomal/autophagy deficits and contributes to abnormal cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, thus linking two AD-related pathogenic processes through a common molecular mechanism.
Optimizing relevance and revenue in ad search (2008)

The primary business model behind Web search is based on textual advertising, where contextually relevant ads are displayed alongside search results. We address the problem of selecting these ads so that they are both relevant to the queries and profitable to the search engine, showing that optimizing ad relevance and revenue is not equivalent. Selecting the best ads that satisfy these constraints also naturally incurs high computational costs, and time constraints can lead to reduced relevance and profitability. We propose a novel two-stage approach, which conducts most of the analysis ahead of time. An offine preprocessing phase leverages additional knowledge that is impractical to use in real time, and rewrites frequent queries in a way that subsequently facilitates fast and accurate online matching. Empirical evaluation shows that our method optimized for relevance matches a state-of-the-art method while improving expected revenue. When optimizing for revenue, we see even more substantial improvements in expected revenue.
Vertically Laminated Magnetic Cores by Electroplating Ni-Fe Into Micromachined Si (2004)

The fabrication and characterization of vertically laminated, electrodeposited Ni-Fe magnetic cores in micromachined silicon for the low megahertz frequency range is presented. Laminated cores were fabricated by etching vertical trenches (60-180 /spl mu/m wide and 525 /spl mu/m deep) through silicon wafers and directly plating Ni-Fe onto the etched sidewalls. The Ni-Fe was plated over a range of thicknesses (3-53 /spl mu/m) in order to study the influence of eddy currents. The measured impedances in the range 10 kHz-40 MHz confirm the reduction of eddy current losses. This work demonstrates a simple fabrication method for achieving high-aspect-ratio, vertically laminated magnetic cores where the geometry of the structures can be easily tailored for various applications.
Preclinical Evaluation of the Toxicological Effects of a Novel Constrained Ethyl Modified Antisense Compound Targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys (2013)

ISIS 481464 is a constrained ethyl (cEt) modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) studied in mice and monkey to support oncology clinical trials. Six-week toxicology studies were performed in mice and cynomolgus monkey (up to 70 and 30 mg/kg/week respectively). Reduction in STAT3 protein up to 90% of control was observed in monkey. Cynomolgus monkey was considered the most relevant species to human with respect to pharmacokinetic properties, but mice are useful in their relative sensitivity to the potential proinflammatory and hepatic effects of oligonucleotides. In monkeys, there was no impact on organ function at doses up to 30 mg/kg/week for 6 weeks. Minimal to slight proximal tubular epithelial cell degeneration and regeneration within the kidney was observed, which had no impact on renal function and showed reversibility at the end of the treatment-free period. Additionally, mild and transient activated partial thromboplastin time elevations and mild increases in complement Bb were observed at the higher doses by intravenous dosing only. In mice, the alterations at 70 mg/kg/week included spleen weight increase up to 1.4-fold relative to control, increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase up to 1.8-fold over control, interleukin-10 increases up to 3.7-fold, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increase up to 1.9-fold over control. No significant clinical pathology or histopathology changes were seen in mice at 20 mg/kg/week or less. The toxicity profile of ISIS 481464 is consistent with effects observed with phosphorothioate ASOs containing 2'-O-methoxyethylribose modifications instead of cEt.
Search for heavy long-lived multicharged particles in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV using the ATLAS detector (2019)

A search for heavy long-lived multicharged particles is performed using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb -1 collected in 2015 and 2016 from proton-proton collisions at ffiffi ffi s p 13 TeV are examined. Particles producing anomalously high ionization, consistent with long-lived massive particles with electric charges from jqj 2e to jqj 7e, are searched for. No events are observed, and 95% confidence level cross-section upper limits are interpreted as lower mass limits for a Drell-Yan production model. Multicharged particles with masses between 50 and 980-1220 GeV (depending on their electric charge) are excluded.
Spoke permanent magnet machine with reduced torque ripple and method of manufacturing thereof (2023)

An internal permanent magnet machine includes a rotor assembly having a shaft comprising a plurality of protrusions extending radially outward from a main shaft body and being formed circumferentially about the main shaft body and along an axial length of the main shaft body. A plurality of stacks of laminations are arranged circumferentially about the shaft to receive the plurality of protrusions therein, with each stack of laminations including a plurality of lamination groups arranged axially along a length of the shaft and with permanent magnets being disposed between the stacks of laminations. Each of the laminations includes a shaft protrusion cut formed therein to receive a respective shaft protrusion and, for each of the stacks of laminations, the shaft protrusion cuts formed in the laminations of a respective lamination group are angularly offset from the shaft protrusion cuts formed in the laminations in an adjacent lamination group.
RAW 2022 Keynote Speaker 1: Using FPGAs in datacenters and the cloud (2022)

Several trends in the IT industry are driving an increasing specialization of the hardware layers. On the one hand, demanding workloads, large data volumes, diversity in data types, etc. are all factors contributing to make general purpose computing too inefficient. On the other hand, cloud computing and its economies of scale allow vendors to invest on specialized hardware for particular tasks that otherwise would be too expensive or consume resources needed elsewhere. In this talk I will discuss the shift towards hardware acceleration and show with several examples from industry and from research the large role that FPGAs could play.
Molecular signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus: distinction between disease flare and infection (2016)

All SLE subjects were aged 18 years and fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for SLE. 8 All subjects in the acutely ill SLE group were recruited from SLE subjects presenting to the hospital with acute illness. Specific signs and symptoms of acute illness were not specified as there is potential infinite diversity of signs and symptoms in patients with SLE with an acute change in clinical status warranting emergency evaluation in a hospital setting.
Multi-scale, multi-modal analysis uncovers complex relationship at the brain tissue-implant neural interface: new emphasis on the biological interface (2017)

To better understand the biological factors influencing neural activity, detailed cellular and molecular tissue responses were examined. Decreases in neural activity and blood oxygenation in the tissue surrounding the implant, shift in expression levels of vesicular transporter proteins and ion channels, axon and myelin injury, and interrupted blood flow in nearby capillaries can impact neural activity around implanted neural interfaces. Combined, these tissue changes highlight the need for more comprehensive, basic science research to elucidate the relationship between biology and chronic electrophysiology performance in order to advance neural technologies.