gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dromotropic effects of oral theophylline in patients with atrial fibrillation and a slow ventricular response (1991)

Theophylline increases sinus rate, but as yet its use has not been investigated in patients with chronic atrioventricular conduction disturbances. Resting electrocardiogram, 24-h Holter recording and treadmill test were performed in 17 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and a slow ventricular response not related to drugs (age: 75 +/- 8 years). Then slow-release theophylline was administered (700 mg daily) and after 5 days these investigations were repeated with the same methods. Theophylline increased mean resting heart rate (51 +/- 6 versus 67 +/- 13 beats.min-1, P less than 0.01), mean 24-h heart rate (51 +/- 6 versus 68 +/- 14 beats.min-1, P less than 0.01) and minimal 24-h heart rate (32 +/- 6 versus 42 +/- 11 beats.min-1, P less than 0.01). Cardiac pauses greater than 2.5 s were present in 13 patients during control recording; after theophylline they disappeared in 11 and markedly decreased in the remaining two. The longest R-R interval decreased in all patients (3218 +/- 943 versus 2121 +/- 518 ms, P less than 0.01). The daily number of wide QRS complexes increased in 16 out of 17 patients (428 +/- 752 versus 1146 +/- 1464 ms, P less than 0.01). Exercise heart rate, evaluated at the end of first and second stage, was higher after theophylline than during control test (P less than 0.01). These data suggest that oral theophylline can represent a valid therapy in most patients with atrial fibrillation and a slow ventricular response.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones with a Polymer‐Supported Chiral Diamine. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acetate adaptation of clostridia tyrobutyricum for improved fermentation production of butyrate (2013)

Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is an acidogenic bacterium capable of utilizing xylose for the fermentation production of butyrate. Hot water extraction of hardwood lingocellulose is an efficient method of producing xylose where autohydrolysis of xylan is catalysed by acetate originating from acetyl groups present in hemicellulose. The presence of acetic acid in the hydrolysate might have a severe impact on the subsequent fermentations. In this study the fermentation kinetics of C. tyrobutyricum cultures after being classically adapted for growth at 26.3 g/L acetate equivalents were studied. Analysis of xylose batch fermentations found that even in the presence of high levels of acetate, acetate adapted strains had similar fermentation kinetics as the parental strain cultivated without acetate. The parental strain exposed to acetate at inhibitory conditions demonstrated a pronounced lag phase (over 100 hours) in growth and butyrate production as compared to the adapted strain (25 hour lag) or non-inhibited controls (0 lag). Additional insight into the metabolic pathway of xylose consumption was gained by determining the specific activity of the acetate kinase (AK) enzyme in adapted versus control batches. AK activity was reduced by 63% in the presence of inhibitory levels of acetate, whether or not the culture had been adapted.
Neutral Group V Bent Metallocene Analogs Containing the Tribenzylidenemethane Dianion (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeutral Group V Bent Metallocene Analogs Containing the Tribenzylidenemethane DianionGeorge Rodriguez and Guillermo C. BazanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 40, 10155–10156Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00145a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00145a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optical Resolution of Axially Dissymmetric Pyrroles and Pyrocolls: New Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aromatic Aldehydes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards Hardware Optimal Neural Network Selection with Multi-Objective Genetic Search (2020)

The selection of hyperparameters and circuit components for optimum hardware implementation of a neural network is a challenging task, which has not been automated yet. This work proposes the method for the selection of optimum neural network architecture and hyperparameters using genetic algorithm based on the hardware-related performance metrics, such an on-chip area, power consumption, processing time and robustness to hardware non-idealities, and focus on memristor-based analog network architecture. The experimental results show that the proposed approach allows to select the optimum architecture based on the designers' preferences.
Photostability Can Be Significantly Modulated by Molecular Packing in Glasses (2016)

While previous work has demonstrated that molecular packing in organic crystals can strongly influence photochemical stability, efforts to tune photostability in amorphous materials have shown much smaller effects. Here we show that physical vapor deposition can substantially improve the photostability of organic glasses. Disperse Orange 37 (DO37), an azobenzene derivative, is studied as a model system. Photostability is assessed through changes in the density and molecular orientation of glassy thin films during light irradiation. By optimizing the substrate temperature used for deposition, we can increase photostability by a factor of 50 relative to the liquid-cooled glass. Photostability correlates with glass density, with density increases of up to 1.3%. Coarse-grained molecular simulations, which mimic glass preparation and the photoisomerization reaction, also indicate that glasses with higher density have substantially increased photostability. These results provide insights that may assist in the design of organic photovoltaics and light-emission devices with longer lifetimes.
lnterleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist: An Index of Dialysis-Induced lnterleukin-1 Production (1994)

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a specific inhibitor of interleukin-1 (IL-1). It is structurally similar to IL-1 and binds to IL-1 cell surface receptors, but does not transduce a signal. To examine the relationship between the production of IL-1Ra and IL-1, we incubated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with endotoxin (10 ng/ml) and after 24 h measured the total synthesis (intra- and extracellular) of IL-1Ra, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. PBMC from 25 patients with chronic renal failure were studied. The total synthesis of IL-1Ra closely correlated with that of IL-1 beta (R = 0.786, p < 0.001). In contrast, the correlation between the total synthesis of IL-1Ra and IL-1 alpha was poor (R = 0.282, p > 0.05). These results suggest that in dialysis patients, the endogenous production of IL-1Ra is a 'footprint' of IL-1 beta production and can probably be used as a marker of the level of production of IL-1.
Impact of Hot Carriers on nMOSFET Variability in 45- and 65-nm CMOS Technologies (2011)

This paper examines the impact of hot carriers (HCs) on n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistor mismatch across the 45- and 65-nm complementary MOS technology generations. The reported statistical analysis is based on a large overall sample population of about 1000 transistors. HC stress introduces a source of variability in device electrical parameters due to the randomly generated charge traps in the gate dielectric or at the substrate/dielectric interface. The evolution of the threshold-voltage mismatch during an HC stress is well modeled by assuming a Poisson distribution of the induced charge traps with a nonuniform generation along the channel. Once the evolution of the HC-induced <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> shift is known, a single parameter is able to accurately describe the evolution of the HC-induced <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> variability. This parameter is independent of the stress time and stress bias voltage. The HC stress causes a significantly larger degradation in the subthreshold slope variability, compared to threshold voltage variability for both investigated technology nodes.
Non-Linear Optical Effects in Au Nanoparticle-Deposited ZnO Nanocrystalline Films (2008)

Applying a bicolor coherent treatment of a Nd-YAG laser with wavelength 1.32 μm and its second harmonic generation, we have investigated photoinduced SHG in Au nanoparticledeposited ZnO nanocrystallinne (NC) films. We have established that coexistence of the such crystallites gives substantially better results compared to the pure ZnO NC deposited onto the glass substrate. It was shown that the value of the second order susceptibility obtained for the large incident angles of the fundamental and writing beams is equal to about 23 pm/V. The better results are obtained during the phototreatment at temperatures near the 60 oC for the Au doped samples and is almost non-sensitive to temperature for the pure samples. The further increase of the temperature leads to decay of the optical second harmonic generation
Allopregnanolone decrease with symptom improvement during placebo and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in women with severe premenstrual syndrome (2007)

Treatment response, whether induced by buserelin or placebo, appears to be associated with a decrease in allopregnanolone concentration.
Photochemical Activation of Ruthenium(II)–Pyridylamine Complexes Having a Pyridine-N-Oxide Pendant toward Oxygenation of Organic Substrates (2011)

Ruthenium(II)-acetonitrile complexes having η(3)-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) with an uncoordinated pyridine ring and diimine such as 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm), [Ru(II)(η(3)-TPA)(diimine)(CH(3)CN)](2+), reacted with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to afford corresponding Ru(II)-acetonitrile complexes having an uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm, [Ru(II)(η(3)-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH(3)CN)](2+), with retention of the coordination environment. Photoirradiation of the acetonitrile complexes having diimine and the η(3)-TPA with the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm afforded a mixture of [Ru(II)(TPA)(diimine)](2+), intermediate-spin (S = 1) Ru(IV)-oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine arm, and intermediate-spin Ru(IV)-oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm. A Ru(II) complex bearing an oxygen-bound pyridine-N-oxide as a ligand and bpm as a diimine ligand was also obtained, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Femtosecond laser flash photolysis of the isolated O-coordinated Ru(II)-pyridine-N-oxide complex has been investigated to reveal the photodynamics. The Ru(IV)-oxo complex with an uncoordinated pyridine moiety was alternatively prepared by reaction of the corresponding acetonitrile complex with 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide (Cl(2)py-O) to identify the Ru(IV)-oxo species. The formation of Ru(IV)-oxo complexes was concluded to proceed via intermolecular oxygen atom transfer from the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide to a Ru(II) center on the basis of the results of the reaction with Cl(2)py-O and the concentration dependence of the consumption of the starting Ru(II) complexes having the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide moiety. Oxygenation reactions of organic substrates by [Ru(II)(η(3)-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH(3)CN)](2+) were examined under irradiation (at 420 ± 5 nm) and showed selective allylic oxygenation of cyclohexene to give cyclohexen-1-ol and cyclohexen-1-one and cumene oxygenation to afford cumyl alcohol and acetophenone.
Characterization of Immune Responses Elicited by an Experimental Facilitated-DNA Vaccine for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) (1995)

Vaccination has proved to be among the most successful methods developed for protecting humans and domestic animals from infectious diseases. Vaccines operate by inducing immune responses in the host that limit and ultimately clear infections; they typically do not prevent infections from occurring. Vaccine efficacy is therefore, dependent on the induction of appropriate types of immune responses and on the establishment of immunological memory.
Symmetry-Breaking Plasmonic Mesoporous Gold Nanoparticles with Large Pores (2022)

Creating free-standing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with large pores is desirable because the exterior and interior voids can enhance electrocatalytic activity, mass transport, and optical extinction properties. However, the high mobility and significant positive reduction potential of Au precursors make it challenging to create Au NPs with pores of sufficient size to strongly interact with light. We demonstrate a method to synthesize mesoporous Au NPs with large, tunable pores. l-Cysteine acts as a metallogelator to form a dense, less mobile Au(I)–thiolate precursor that traps aggregated block copolymer micelles and facilitates the reduction of mesoporous Au NPs. Electron tomography measurements showed that the pores were distributed throughout the interior and exterior of the particle. Electrochemical methods were used to estimate the chemical reactivity of the surface active sites and estimate the accessible surface area of the pores to ensure that the metal surfaces were maximally accessible to the environment. The 3D models generated by tomography were then used to simulate their optical properties. Mesoporous Au NPs support multipolar plasmon resonances that penetrate deep into the interior pores of the NP. A simple model indicates that porosity affects the local optical conductivity of the NP by subdividing it into tiny nanoscale junctions that redshift the plasmon modes without changing the overall size or shape of the NPs. Large pores promote symmetry breaking, causing the quadrupolar and dipolar modes to overlap and form strongly hybridized plasmon modes. In the context of photocatalysis, porosity-induced symmetry breaking is advantageous because strong electric fields of the plasmon are colocalized along concave/convex features where step-edges and kinks in the atomic structure generate numerous catalytic active sites. Plasmon-enhanced photodegradation of metanil yellow was used to demonstrate the superior photocatalytic properties of meso Au NPs versus nonporous Au NPs.
Abstract A021: Development of a novel MEK inhibitor, NFX-179, as a chemoprevention agent for squamous cell carcinoma (2022)

Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer comprising at least 20% of all non-melanoma skin cancers. While cSCC contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in high-risk individuals, deployment of otherwise effective chemoprevention of cSCC is limited by toxicities. To help address this, we conducted a systematic computational drug repositioning screen which predicted that selumetinib, an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor (MEKi), would reverse transcriptional signatures associated with cSCC development. This is consistent with our genomic analysis implicating ETS2, a transcription factor in the canonical RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, as an upstream regulator of cSCC development. Therefore, as a key regulator of the MAPK pathway, we reasoned MEK would be a viable chemopreventive target. Although systemic MEK inhibition suppresses the formation of cSCC in mice, systemic MEKi administration causes significant adverse effects, including diarrhea, peripheral edema, cardiomyopathy and retinal toxicity. Here, we report the development of a topically formulated, metabolically labile, novel MEKi, NFX-179, designed to potently and selectively suppress the MAPK pathway in the skin prior to rapid metabolism in the systemic circulation. NFX-179 was identified from a targeted drug discovery effort based on its biochemical and cellular potency, selectivity, and rapid metabolism upon systemic absorption. In our UV-induced cSCC mouse model, topical application of NFX- 179 gel reduced the formation of new cSCCs by an average of 60% at doses of 0.1% and greater at 28 days. No systemic or skin toxicities were observed in this model. Furthermore, we conducted a second split-mouse randomized controlled study in which NFX-179 0.5% gel was applied to one half of the back and vehicle was applied to the opposite half of each of the UV-irradiated mice. Near complete suppression of cSCC was observed only in the drug-treated area, demonstrating the targeted and dermal effect of the intervention. NFX-179 inhibits the growth of human SCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and topical NFX-179 application penetrates human skin and inhibits MAPK signaling in human cSCC explants. Together our data provide compelling rationale for using topical MEK inhibition through application of NFX-179 gel as an effective strategy for cSCC chemoprevention. Citation Format: Kavita Y. Sarin, John Kincaid, Brittney Sell, Jahanbanoo Shahryari, Matthew A. J. Duncton, Elaine Morefield, Wenchao Sun, Omar Chavez-Chiang, Scott R. Plotkin, Gerd G. Kochendoerfer, Peter Fenn, Christopher Powala, Kenneth Y. Tsai. Development of a novel MEK inhibitor, NFX-179, as a chemoprevention agent for squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr A021.
Spraying and Atomizing of Liquids (2010)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Fundamentals of Drop Formation 2.1. Dripping and Jet Disintegration 2.2. Sheet or Lamella Disintegration 2.3. Dispersion of Liquids by Gas 3. Atomizing Apparatus 3.1. Single-Substance Pressure Nozzles 3.2. Pneumatic Atomizers 3.3. Atomization with Propellants 3.4. Rotary Atomizers 3.5. Ultrasonic Atomization 3.6. Electrostatic Atomization 4. Spray Evolution, Drop Size Measurements and Drop Size Distributions
Nutraceutical Apigenin: mechanism of action associated with its anti-inflammatory activity and regulation of dendritic cell metabolism (2017)

Abstract Flavonoids have a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and neuroprotective effects. Apigenin, one such flavonoid abundant in certain plants, has been employed for centuries in the treatment of Parkinson’s, neuralgia, asthma and other diseases owing to the positive health effects attributed to this group of compounds. Due to Apigenin’s relative abundance and low intrinsic toxicity amongst flavonoids, it can be considered as a potential natural treatment for inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis. However, there is distinct lack of information regarding the molecular mechanism of action of Apigenin leading to its modulatory effects on dendritic cells (DC), a key cell type responsible for maintaining immune balance especially in specialized locations such as the CNS. Here, we investigate the effect of Apigenin on RelB, a NF-kB family protein, which is vital to DC maturation and function. Apigenin reduced cytoplasmic RelB levels in LPS-treated DCs isolated from normal peripheral blood of a healthy donor. Gene and protein expression of downstream targets of RelB activation, IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α was also reduced upon Apigenin treatment. Further, RelB is also known to engineer a metabolic switch in immune cells upon inflammation to meet the increased energy requirements. We observed a decrease in glucose uptake and lactate production (glycolysis), and an increase in mitochondrial activity when LPS-induced DCs were treated with Apigenin. These results provide key information about the molecular events controlled by Apigenin in its regulation of DC activity marking its potential as a therapy for neuroinflammatory disease.
Analysis of the Signed Regressor LMMN Algorithm for complex-valued data (2020)

This work reports expressions for different parameters constituting the main support for convergence of the signed regressor least mean mixed-norm (LMMN) algorithm for complex-valued data. The steady-state mean-square error, the optimum step-size, and the corresponding minimum value of the tracking mean-square error are all derived. Simulation results are conducted to corroborate the theoretical findings. Also, the convergence behaviour of the signed regressor LMMN algorithm and that of the LMMN algorithm are compared.
25 nm mechanically buttressed high aspect ratio zone plates: Fabrication and performance (2004)

High performance zone plates are critical for advancing the state-of-the-art in x-ray microscopy, both in terms of spatial and energy resolution. Improved resolution, increased energy bandwidth, and enhanced efficiency can be achieved through the fabrication of smaller, higher aspect ratio outer zones. Using electron beam lithography, we have fabricated and obtained initial performance data from a 25nm outer zone width zone plate, with a 7:1 aspect ratio, using a hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ)/cross-linked polymer bilayer process. We investigated the effectiveness of buttresses, i.e., mechanical supports perpendicular to the zones, on our ability to achieve higher aspect ratios which conventionally would be unreachable due to resist collapse. Optimum buttress spacing is affected by film thickness, linewidth, collapse mechanisms, and resist modulus. For 25nm zones, etched into 150nm cross-linked polymer (AZPN114), buttress spacings of approximately two times the resist thickness or ten times the zone width are sufficient to prevent collapse during plating. We find that high aspect ratio features not only have to be able to withstand collapse during liquid immersion, but also during dry etching processes. In addition, we show that a 50% feature bias and longer development times (8min in 1% TMAH based solutions) allow smaller dense feature sizes by eliminating resist webbing frequently observed in electron-beam imaging of HSQ.