gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety and clinical activity of gene-engineered T-cell therapy targeting HPV-16 E7 for epithelial cancers. (2020)

101 Background: Genetically engineered T-cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical activity in hematologic malignancies. It is not known if this type of treatment can be applied effectively to epithelial cancers, which account for 80% to 90% of human malignancies. Methods: We conducted a phase I clinical trial with a 3 + 3 dose escalation in which patients with metastatic HPV-16+ epithelial cancers were treated with a one-time infusion of genetically engineered T cells expressing a T-cell receptor targeting an HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitope of HPV-16 E7 (E7 TCR-T cells). A lymphocyte-depleting conditioning regimen was administered before cell infusion, and high-dose systemic aldesleukin was administered after cell infusion. Results: Twelve patients, previously treated with a median of 4 (range, 3 to 7) anticancer agents, were treated. The cell dose was not limited by toxicity. Six patients demonstrated objective clinical responses, which included regression of bulky tumors and complete elimination of some tumors. Responses occurred in patients with vulvar, anal, head and neck, and cervical cancer. Four patients who previously received PD-1-based therapy responded. Response duration ranged from 3 to 9 months. Sustained, high-level engraftment of E7 TCR-T cells in peripheral blood was observed (median after approximately 6 weeks, 66% of total T cells, range 1% to 88%) and correlated with cell dose but not with clinical response. Infused T cell characteristics did not correlate strongly with response. Of the 4 resistant tumors that were studied, 3 demonstrated genetic defects in HLA-A*02:01 or B2M (necessary components of the target complex) and 1 demonstrated copy loss with decreased expression of antigen presentation and interferon response molecules (i.e. TAP1, TAP2, IFNGR1, IFNGR2). Of the 3 sensitive tumors studied, 0 showed genetic defects in these molecules. Conclusions: E7 TCR-T cells demonstrated safety and clinical activity in the treatment of highly refractory metastatic HPV-16+ cancers. Treatment resistance was linked to definitive genetic defects in the targeted peptide-HLA complex and to manifold defects in antigen processing and interferon response. Clinical trial information: NCT02858310.
Moral and social ramifications of autonomous vehicles: a qualitative study of the perceptions of professional drivers (2022)

Artificial intelligence raises important social and ethical concerns, especially about accountability, autonomy, dignity, and justice. We focus on the specific concerns arising from how the emerging autonomous vehicle (AV) technology will affect professional drivers. We posit that we must engage with stakeholders to understand the implications of a technology that will affect the stakeholders’ lives, livelihoods, or wellbeing. We conducted nine in-depth interviews with professional drivers, with at least two years of driving experience, to understand the ethical and societal challenges from the drivers’ perspective during the predicted widespread implementation of AVs. Safety was the most commonly discussed issue, which was mentioned by all drivers (17 times by truck drivers and 18 times by Uber/Lyft drivers). We find that although drivers agree that AVs will significantly impact future transportation systems, they are apprehensive about the prospects of reskilling for other jobs and want their employers to be straightforward in how the introduction of AVs will affect them. Additionally, drivers dismiss the suggestions that driving jobs are unsatisfying and potentially unhealthy and thus should be eliminated. These findings should be considered seriously in decision-making about questions of socioeconomic justice, and could be useful to policymakers as they shape relevant regulations.
Performance and Integration Implications of Addressing Localized Hotspots Through Two Approaches: Clustering of Micro Pin-Fins and Dedicated Microgap Coolers (2015)

An evaluation of two approaches to localized hotspot cooling is conducted through both numerical modeling and experimental demonstration, with the advantages and limitations of each approach highlighted. The first approach, locally increasing the density of pins in a micro pin fin heat sink, was shown through numerical modeling to deliver a factor of two enhancement in effective heat transfer coefficient by doubling the pin density near the hotspot. This simpler approach to maintaining temperature uniformity eliminates the need for hotspot specific fluid routing and delivery, and also has minimal impact on the larger flow field. Dedicated hotspot coolers, on the other hand, have the ability to dissipate significantly larger heat fluxes while maintaining manageable pressure drops, because the flow rate to the dedicated cooler can be closely matched to the demands of the hotspot. Dissipation of hotspot heat fluxes in excess of 2 kW/cm2 is demonstrated experimentally using a two phase dedicated hotspot cooler. However, dedicated coolers require additional fluidic routing and manifolding to efficiently deliver the coolant to the hotspot. These integration concerns are considered in concert with the performance of the hotspot cooler itself to enable better informed thermal design for both system level and device level cooling.
Silicon RF NMR Biomolecular Sensor — Review (Invited Paper) (2010)

This paper reviews our first miniature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system originally reported in [1], [2], which, weighing only 2 kg, is 60 times lighter, 40 times smaller, yet 60 times more spin mass sensitive than a 120-kg state-ofthe-art commercial benchtop NMR system. The miniaturization was made possible by combining the physics of NMR with a high-performance CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuit. The system is aimed at sensing biomolecules such as cancer marker proteins, and represents a circuit designer’s approach to pursue low-cost diagnostics in a portable platform. Our most recent development of even smaller NMR systems [3] will not be reviewed here, as it has yet to be exposed in full through a journal publication first.
Improvements in Optical Properties of (0001) ZnO Layers Grown on (0001) Sapphire Substrates by Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy Using Thick Buffer Layers (2012)

The optical properties of (0001) ZnO layers grown at 1000 °C on (0001) sapphire substrates by halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) were investigated by various photoluminescence (PL) measurements. A layer grown with a H 2 O/ZnCl 2 (VI/II) ratio of 20 on a 0.4-µm-thick buffer layer exhibited a significant near-band-edge (NBE) peak blueshift and degraded internal quantum efficiency (η int ) due to residual compressive stress. Growth with a VI/II ratio of 600 diminished the NBE peak blueshift; however, deep level emission and a reduction of PL decay time (τ PL ) were caused by point defects generated by excess O source supply. A layer without the NBE peak blueshift and deep level emission was realized by growth with a VI/II ratio of 20 and a buffer layer of 0.8 µm. The η int and τ PL for HVPE-grown layers could be improved to 4.1% and 122.8 ps by using the thick buffer layer and appropriate VI/II ratio.
Nanoparticle Shape: The Influence of Nanoparticle Shape on Protein Corona Formation (Small 25/2020) (2020)

In article number 2000285, Katharina Landfester, Krasimir Vasilev, and co-workers describe the role of nanoparticle shape in protein corona formation from human serum and plasma. Precisely engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles with identical surface chemistry, but different shapes result in different protein corona compositions. Rod-shaped particles adsorb more immunoglobulin and less albumin proteins compared to the sphere particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Cycloaddition of Monosubstituted Ketene to a Methyl Glyoxylate‐ and Threonine‐Derived Imine: Synthesis of Optically Pure β‐Lactamic α‐Amino Ester with High Functionality. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PiFlow: A biocompatible low-cost programmable dynamic flow pumping system utilizing a Raspberry Pi Zero and commercial piezoelectric pumps (2018)

With the rise of research utilizing microphysiological systems (MPSs), the need for tools that enable the physiological mimicking of the relevant cellular environment is vital. The limited ability to reproduce crucial features of the microenvironment, such as surrounding fluid flow and dynamic changes in biochemical stimuli, severely limits the types of experiments that can be carried out. Current equipment to achieve this, such as syringe and peristaltic pumps, is expensive, large, difficult to program and has limited potential for scalability. Here, we present a new pumping platform that is open-source, low-cost, modular, scalable, fully-programmable and easy to assemble that can be incorporated into cell culture systems to better recapitulate physiological environments. By controlling two commercially available piezoelectric pumps using a Raspberry Pi Zero microcontroller, the system is capable of producing arbitrary dynamic flow profiles with reliable flow rates ranging from 1 to 3000 µL/min as specified by an easily programmable Python-based script. We validated the accuracy of the flow rates, the use of time-varying profiles, and the practicality of the system by creating repeatable dynamic concentration profiles using a 3D-printed static micromixer. Keywords: Pump system, Microfluidic pump, Dynamic concentration, Flow waveforms, Concentration waveforms, Programmable pump, Programmable flow, Programmable cell culture, Automated cell culture
Complex structured lattice reduction aided linear detection with lower complexity for STBC two-user uplink MIMO systems (2012)

In this paper, we propose a simple but effective lattice reduction (LR) scheme for an uplink with two antennas at the base station and two-users, each employing the Alamouti space-time block coding (STBC). By exploiting the inherent STBC structure of transmitted symbols from users, the proposed scheme computes the LLL-reduced channel matrix with low complexity. Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme can achieve the same performance as a conventional lattice reduction schemes while saving about 70% computational complexity in terms of floating-point operations (flops).
Sketch-Based Spatial Queries for Retrieving Human Locomotion Patterns From Continuously Archived GPS Data (2009)

We propose a system for retrieving human locomotion patterns from tracking data captured within a large geographical area, over a long period of time. A GPS receiver continuously captures data regarding the location of the person carrying it. A constrained agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm segments these data according to the person's navigational behavior. Sketches made on a map displayed on a computer screen are used for specifying queries regarding locomotion patterns. Two basic sketch primitives, selected based on a user study, are combined to form five different types of queries. We implement algorithms to analyze a sketch made by a user, identify the query, and retrieve results from the collection of data. A graphical user interface combines the user interaction strategy and algorithms, and allows hierarchical querying and visualization of intermediate results. We evaluate the system using a collection of data captured during nine months. The constrained hierarchical clustering algorithm is able to segment GPS data at an overall accuracy of 94% despite the presence of location-dependent noise. A user study was conducted to evaluate the proposed user interaction strategy and the usability of the overall system. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed user interaction strategy facilitates fast querying, and efficient and accurate retrieval, in an intuitive manner.
Accurate speed and density measurement for road traffic in India (2013)

Monitoring traffic density and speed helps to better manage traffic flows and plan transportation infrastructure and policy. In this paper, we present techniques to measure traffic density and speed in unlaned traffic, prevalent in developing countries, and apply those techniques to better understand traffic patterns in Bengaluru, India. Our techniques, based on video processing of traffic, result in about 11% average error for density and speed compared to manually-observed ground truth values. Though we started with intuitive and straight-forward image processing tools, due to a myriad of non-trivial issues posed by the heterogeneous and chaotic traffic in Bengaluru, our techniques have grown to be non-obvious. We describe the techniques and their evaluation, with details of why simpler methods failed under various circumstances. We also apply our techniques to quantify the congestion during peak hours and to estimate the gains achievable by shifting a fraction of traffic to other time periods. Finally, we measure the fundamental curves of transportation engineering, relating speed vs. density and flow vs. speed, which are integral tools for policy makers.
Factors Limiting the Visual Outcome After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty: Comprehensive Analysis Including the Graft Position and Irregularity (2017)

Irregularity of the anterior corneal surface and venting incisions inside the pupil area are important factors that impair best postoperative CDVA in patients who have undergone DSAEK. In contrast, our results indicate that the graft position and irregularity might not have a strong influence on the visual outcome after DSAEK.
Single-cell electrical lysis of erythrocytes detects deficiencies in the cytoskeletal protein network (2011)

The network of erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins significantly influences erythrocyte physical and biological properties. Here we show that the kinetics of erythrocyte lysis during exposure to an electric field is sensitively correlated with defects in the cytoskeletal network. Histograms compiled from single-cell electrical lysis data show characteristics of erythrocyte populations that are deficient in a specific cytoskeletal protein, revealing the presence of cell subpopulations.
Dynamic K-edge Subtraction Fluoroscopy at a Compact Inverse-Compton Synchrotron X-ray Source (2020)

X-ray fluoroscopy is a commonly applied diagnostic tool for morphological and functional evaluation of the intestine in clinical routine. Acquisition of repetitive X-ray images following oral or rectal application of iodine contrast agent visualizes the time dependent distribution of the contrast medium, and helps to detect for example leakages, tumors or functional disorders. However, movements of the intestine and air trapped inside usually prevent temporal subtraction imaging to be applied to fluoroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract. K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging would enable subtraction fluoroscopy because it allows for imaging of moving organs with little artefacts. Although KES imaging is a well established technique at synchrotron sources, this imaging method is not applied in clinical routine as it relies on brilliant synchrotron radiation. Recently emerging compact synchrotron X-ray sources could provide a quasi-monochromatic, high-flux X-ray beam and allow for the application of KES in a laboratory environment. Here, we present a filter-based dynamic KES approach at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), the first user-dedicated installation of a compact synchrotron X-ray source worldwide. Compared to conventional temporal subtraction X-ray radiography, our approach increases the contrast while reducing the generated image artefacts.
Adaptive optical networks using photorefractive crystals (1988)

The capabilities of photorefractive crystals as media for holographic interconnections in neural networks are examined. Limitations on the density of interconnections and the number of holographic associations which can be stored in photorefractive crystals are derived. Optical architectures for implementing various neural schemes are described. Experimental results are presented for one of these architectures.
„Sergeants‐and‐Soldiers”‐Prinzip in chiralen, säulenförmigen Stapeln scheibenförmiger Moleküle mit C3‐Symmetrie (1997)

Außerordentlich wirksame kooperative Effekte bei der Bildung chiraler Stapel von C 3 ‐symmetrischen Molekülen in Alkanen als Lösungsmitteln wurden beobachtet (Bild rechts). Das „Sergeants‐and‐Soldiers”︁‐Prinzip sowie auch chirale Solvatation führen zur Ausbildung eines bevorzugten helicalen Drehsinns in den Säulenaggregaten. Die Verstärkung der Chiralität in dynamischen Systemen dokumentiert die Präzision der Aggregation. magnified image
Reasoning, Metareasoning, and Mathematical Truth: Studies of Theorem\n Proving under Limited Resources (2013)

In earlier work, we introduced flexible inference and decision-theoretic\nmetareasoning to address the intractability of normative inference. Here,\nrather than pursuing the task of computing beliefs and actions with decision\nmodels composed of distinctions about uncertain events, we examine methods for\ninferring beliefs about mathematical truth before an automated theorem prover\ncompletes a proof. We employ a Bayesian analysis to update belief in truth,\ngiven theorem-proving progress, and show how decision-theoretic methods can be\nused to determine the value of continuing to deliberate versus taking immediate\naction in time-critical situations.\n
Intrinsically microporous polyimides containing spirobisindane and phenazine units: Synthesis, characterization and gas permeation properties Part A Polymer chemistry (2018)

A new diamine containing spirobisindane and phenazine units, namely, 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′,3,3′‐tetrahydro‐1,1′‐spirobi[cyclopenta[b]phenazine]‐7,7′‐diamine (TTSBIDA) was synthesized starting from commercially available 5,5′,6,6′‐tetrahydroxy‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐1,1′‐spirobisindane (TTSBI). TTSBI was oxidized to 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′,3,3′‐tetrahydro‐1,1′‐spirobi[indene]‐5,5′,6,6′‐tetraone (TTSBIQ) which was subsequently condensed with 4‐nitro‐1,2‐phenylenediamine to obtain 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐7,7′‐dinitro‐2,2′,3,3′‐tetrahydro‐1,1′‐spirobi[cyclopenta[b]phenazine] (TTSBIDN). TTSBIDN was converted into TTSBIDA by reduction of the nitro groups using hydrazine hydrate in the presence of Pd/C as the catalyst. A series of new polyimides of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐PIs) were synthesized by polycondensation of TTSBIDA with commercially available aromatic dianhydrides. PIM‐PIs exhibited amorphous nature, high thermal stability (T₁₀ > 480 °C) and intrinsic microporosity (BET surface area = 59–289 m²/g). The gas permeation characteristics of films of selected PIM‐PIs were evaluated and they exhibited appreciable gas permeability as well as high selectivity. The CO₂ and O₂ permeability of PIM‐PIs were in the range 185.4–39.2 and 30.6–6.2 Barrer, respectively. Notably, polyimide derived from TTSBIDA and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (PIM‐PI‐6FDA) exhibited high CO₂ and O₂ permeability of 185.4 and 30.6 Barrer with CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/N₂ selectivity of 43.1 and 5.1, respectively. The data of PIM‐PI‐6FDA for CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/N₂ gas pairs were located near Robeson upper bound. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 766–775
pH-Induced Re-entrant Microstructural Transitions in Cationic Surfactant–Hydrotrope Mixtures (2015)

The structural transitions occurring with change in pH for aqueous mixtures of a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and a hydrotrope (sodium salicylate, NaSal) were investigated at various temperatures using dynamic light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering. Direct structural studies show a transition from rigid cylindrical micelles at neutral pH to spherical micelles at ∼ pH 2 upon protonation of salicylate molecules; however, an unanticipated reversion to flexible cylindrical micelles with further decrease in pH was observed. We also observed these microstructure transitions from cylinders at high pH to spherical micelles at intermediate pH to flexible cylindrical micelles at low pH were highly sensitive to temperature. Our results suggest that, in addition to the well-described electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in cationic surfactant-hydrotrope mixtures, the pH-induced microstructural changes are potentially governed by complementary cation-π and hydrogen bonding interactions.
WiCkeD: Analog Circuit Synthesis Incorporating Mismatch (2009)

<P>This paper presents a method to consider local process variations, which crucially influence the mismatch-sensitive analog components, within a new simulation-based analog synthesis tool called WiCkeD. WiCkeD includes tolerance analysis, performance optimization and design centering, and is a university tool used in industry for the design of analog CMOS circuits.</P>
Reducing Memory Interference in Multicore Systems via Application-A ware Memory Channel Partitioning (2011)

Main memory is a major shared resource among cores in a multicore system. If the interference between different applications’ memory requests is not controlled effectively, system performance can degrade significantly. Previous work aimed to mitigate the problem of interference between applications by changing the scheduling policy in the memory controller, i.e., by prioritizing memory requests from applications in a way that benefits system performance. In this paper, we first present an alternative approach to reducing inter-application interference in the memory system: application-aware memory channel partitioning (MCP). The idea is to map the data of applications that are likely to severely interfere with each other to different memory channels. The key principles are to partition onto separate channels 1) the data of light (memory non-intensive) and heavy (memory-intensive) applications, 2) the data of applications with low and high row-buffer locality. Second, we observe that interference can be further reduced with a combination of memory channel partitioning and scheduling, which we call integrated memory partitioning and scheduling (IMPS). The key idea is to 1) always prioritize very light applications in the memory scheduler since such applications cause negligible interference to others, 2) use MCP to reduce interference among the remaining applications.
Fast sorting of CD4+ T cells from whole blood using glass microbubbles (2014)

The isolation of CD4 positive T lymphocyte (CD4+) from peripheral blood is important for monitoring patients after HIV infection. Here, we demonstrate a fast isolation strategy for CD4+ cells that involves mixing blood and glass microbubbles. After the specific binding of target cells to the microbubbles carrying specific antibodies on their surface, target cells will spontaneously float to the top of the blood vial and can be quickly separated. Using this strategy, we demonstrate that the isolation of CD4+ cells in less than 5 minutes and with better than 90% efficiency. This strategy for cell isolation based on buoyancy and glass microbubbles is quick and inexpensive, minimizes blood handling, does not require magnetic fields, or centrifugation equipment, and could lead to new, efficient strategies for AIDS diagnosis in resource-limited areas.