gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sex Education on Condom Knowledge and Condom Use Skills Among Texas College Students. (2015)

Condoms have proven effective when used correctly; however, few studies have examined the relationship between a student's previous sex education and his or her general condom knowledge and ability to use a condom correctly. Educational systems in Texas provide a myriad of types of sexual education to their student populations. The objective of the present study was to compare the type of previous sex education with the condom knowledge and condom use skills among students attending college. Participants were recruited at health fairs conducted at a major Texas university during October 2010 and March 2011. Students were first asked to complete a computerized questionnaire and then participated in a condom demonstration. Of 180 students who completed both the questionnaire and the condom demonstration, 67% failed to apply the condom correctly. Further, the results were equally poor regardless of previous sex education format. The results of this study suggest that none of the current training mechanisms provide adequate information to ensure the proper use of condoms by college students and that alternatives need to be considered to protect the health and well-being of this important segment of the state's population.
Hormones and breast cancer (2013)

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines. This volume focuses on hormones and breast cancer. Key features: contributions from leading authorities; and informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field.
Risk Assessment of Groundwater Pollution for Simple Waste Landfill (2012)

Risk assessment of groundwater pollution by a simple waste landfill is an important method of groundwater protection.Based on systematic structural analysis of groundwater pollution by a simple waste landfill,a risk assessment index system including landfill site risk,exposure of evaluation objects,pollution resistance ability of vadose zone,aquifer vulnerability and groundwater harmfulness was established.Analytical hierarchy process(AHP) was used to determine weights of each evaluation index,and a comprehensive index risk assessment model was developed.Beitiantang landfill was chosen as a case study to evaluate the pollution risk from the Fourth Drinking Water Plant of Beijing.The results showed that the risk evaluation index was 7.4556,which was relatively high.This is consistent with related previous findings,which demonstrates that the comprehensive index risk assessment model is feasible.
Optical Comb-based Versatile Wavelength Division Multicasting Add-drop Node for Efficient WDM Networks (2015)

We demonstrate a robust and modulation-format-transparent multicasting wavelength converter based on a Mach-Zehnder optical comb generator. All the wavelength-converted channels show maximum 0.6 dB and 1.1 dB penalties for QPSK and 16QAM signals, respectively.
Folate and Anti-Folate Transport in Mammalian Cells1 (2015)

The transport of folate by murine leukemia cells, hepatic cells, choroid plexus and intestine is a complicated process involving at least two different carrier-mediated processes and/or passive diffusion by certain cells. Although there are marked similarities between many of the models studied, there are also striking differences, especially with regards to specificity of the transport system. This review compares and contrasts these different systems as well as briefly examining the role of folate binders and newer techniques for studying folate and anti-folate delivery to cells.
Suboptimal Age-Adjusted Lumbo-Pelvic Mismatch Predicts Negative Cervical-Thoracic Compensation in Obese Patients (2019)

Clinical evaluation should extend to the cervical spine in obese patients not meeting age-adjusted sagittal alignment ideals.
The Effect of Digestion and Dewatering on Sudden Increases and Regrowth of Indicator Bacteria after Dewatering (2011)

Several investigators have reported higher densities of indicator bacteria after dewatering of anaerobically digested biosolids. The increases appear to occur at two points in the biosolids process: the first, referred to as "sudden increase", occurs immediately after dewatering; the second, "regrowth", occurs during storage over longer periods. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of digestion and dewatering processes on sudden increase and regrowth of fecal coliform and E. coli. Samples were collected from five thermophilic and five mesophilic digestion processes, with either centrifuge or belt filter press dewatering. Sudden increase typically was observed in the thermophilic processes with centrifuge dewatering and was not observed in the mesophilic processes with either centrifuge or belt filter press dewatering. Regrowth was observed in both thermophilic and mesophilic processes with centrifuge dewatering but not belt filter press dewatering.
Chios Mastic Gum Extract and Isolated Phytosterol Tirucallol Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (2009)

Chios mastic gum (CMG) is a white, semitransparent, natural resin that is obtained as a trunk exudate from mastic trees. Triterpenic compounds and phytosterols like tirucallol are among its major components. CMG has been associated with cardiovascular protection, exerting its effect mainly through increasing the antioxidant defense system, and effectively lowering the levels of serum cholesterol in human subjects. However, data on its anti-inflammatory effect on endothelium are scarce. Attachment of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium and the subsequent migration of cells into the vessel wall are early events in atherogenesis, and this process requires the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. In this study, we examined the effect of CMG neutral extract (25-200 microg/ml) and tirucallol (0.1-100 microM) on the following: 1) the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) by Cell ELISA and 2) the attachment of monocytes (U937 cells) in TNF-alpha stimulated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC) by Adhesion assay. The impact of treatment with CMG neutral extract and tirucallol in NFkB phosphorylation was also examined by a cell-based ELISA kit. Both CMG extract and tirucallol inhibit significantly VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in TNF-alpha-stimulated HAEC. They also inhibit significantly the binding of U937 cells to TNF-alpha-stimulated HAEC and attenuate the phosphorylation of NFkB p65. This study extends existing data regarding the cardioprotective effect of CMG, expands the spectrum of known phytosterols with potent antiatheromatic activity, provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of CMG on endothelial function, and may aid in design of new therapy for intervention in atherosclerosis.
Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor steroid binding and localization in colonic cells (1994)

In rat colon epithelium glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids regulate Na transport by binding to distinct receptors and stimulating different pathways. The distribution and intracellular localization of mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors in colonic Na-absorbing surface cells and Cl-secreting crypt cells is unknown. Surface and crypt cells were sequentially isolated from rat distal colon by EDTA chelation and mechanical dissociation. Cell viability was confirmed by trypan blue exclusion and low rates of 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxylfluorescein leak. Histologic examination, alkaline phosphatase activity, and rates of [3H]leucine incorporation confirmed separation of surface from crypt cells. Scatchard analysis of [3H]aldosterone and [3H]triamcinolone acetonide binding demonstrated that the number of MR decreased from 7,228 +/- 1,067 in surface to 2,299 +/- 434 receptors/cell in crypt cells, whereas the number of GR increased from 20,857 +/- 4,241 in surface to 58,598 +/- 8,207 receptors/cell in crypt cells. The dissociation constants were 2.8 +/- 0.4 nM for the MR and 12 +/- 3 nM for the GR. Indirect immunofluorescence using the specific anti-MR antibody hMRsN and the anti-GR antibody BuGR-2 demonstrated that both unliganded receptors were cytoplasmic and translocated to the nucleus after hormone binding. These data indicate that both surface and crypt cells are potentially responsive to mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids and that both the MR and GR require hormone for nuclear translocation.
Crystal growth and characterization of rare-earth doped Na<inf>2</inf>CaLu<inf>2</inf>F<inf>10</inf> (2011)

0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 3% Ce doped scintillation crystals based on NaF-CaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -LuF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> solid solutions were grown from the melt using Micro-Pulling-Down (μ-PD) method. The grown crystals were transparent and their transmittance was approximately 80% for the wavelengths longer than 320 nm. Concerning the scintillation properties, radio-luminescence peaks of the crystals were detected at approximately 330 nm. The light yield of the crystals was also measured using γ-ray ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na) as the excitation source.
A Simpler Gopinath-Style Flux Observer without a Constant Speed Assumption for Low and High Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios for Induction Machines (2019)

State-of-the-art stator and rotor flux observers implemented in the discrete domain for high-performance drives, such as those used in deadbeat-direct torque and flux control, have become increasingly complex in nature and have an underlying linearizing constant speed assumption. The proposed observer is expected to consume less computational resources, does not make linearizing assumptions about the motor, and has shown to run well at low sampling-to-fundamental frequency ratios. The observer also does not rely on lookup tables or compensation curves to correct for errors caused by approximations, allowing easier tuning than the state-of-the-art flux observer. In this paper, this observer is developed in the continuous and discrete domain and analyzed for rotor flux estimation accuracy performance.
RETRACTED: Monoclonal IgG antibodies generated from joint-derived B cells of RA patients have a strong bias toward citrullinated autoantigen recognition (2013)

Antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins (ACPAs [anticitrullinated protein antibodies]) are commonly found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), strongly associate with distinct HLA-DR alleles, and predict a more aggressive disease course as compared with seronegative patients. Still, many features of these antibodies, including their site of production and the extent of MHC class II-driven T cell help, remain unclarified. To address these questions, we have used a single B cell-based cloning technology to isolate and express immunoglobulin (Ig) genes from joint-derived B cells of active RA patients. We found ∼25% of synovial IgG-expressing B cells to be specific for citrullinated autoantigens in the investigated ACPA(+) RA patients, whereas such antibodies were not found in ACPA(-) patients. The citrulline-reactive monoclonal antibodies did not react with the unmodified arginine peptides, yet several reacted with more than one citrullinated antigen. A role for active antigen selection of the citrulline-reactive synovial B cells was supported by the strong bias toward amino acid replacement mutations in ACPA(+) antibodies and by their loss of reactivity to citrullinated autoantigens when somatic mutations were reverted to the corresponding germline sequences.
Radio-Frequency Ion Guides with Periodical Electrodes and Pulse Voltages (2020)

We consider radio-frequency ion guides formed by electrodes, which are periodic sequences of circular apertures. With the help of pulse voltages arranged as trains of a special type, a relay-switched sequence of axial distributions of the pseudopotential can be organized along the axis of the system in the form of space waves with alternating maxima and minima, which convey charged particles along the conveying channel. The disadvantage of the proposed conveying technology is the obligatory presence of neutral gas in moderate amounts, which dampens the excess kinetic energy acquired by charged particles in the jump-like switching of the radio-frequency electric field. An advantage of the proposed conveying technology is the simplified form of radio-frequency voltages applied to the electrodes of the device and the flexible control of the guiding velocity in Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry interfaces, for example.
Modeling Visuospatial Reasoning Across 17 Different Tests on the Leiter Scale of Nonverbal Intelligence. (2020)

Understanding the computational mechanisms enabling visuospatial reasoning is important for studying human intelli-gence as well as for exploring the possibility of introducing human-like reasoning into artificial intelligence systems. Inour work, we investigate how a collection of primitive image processing operations can be combined into different co-herent strategies for solving a range of visuospatial reasoning tasks. We evaluate our approach on 20 subtests from theLeiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R). Through our computational experiments, we show that withonly four primitive operations similarity, containment, rotation, and scaling we can form strategies that solve, to differentdegrees of success, at least portions of 17 of the 20 subtests. These results lay foundations for our future work to study howintelligent agents can learn and generalize strategies from simple task definitions in order to perform complex visuospatialreasoning tasks.
Case 19 (2013)

Case presentations focus on mapping techniques, diagnosis, and proper catheter placement for successful ablation of arrhythmias. This case focuses on incessant atrial tachycardia, ablative therapy, premature ventricular contraction, and isolation procedures.
Dipole-Induced Rectification Across AgᵀS/SAM//Ga₂O₃/EGaIn Junctions (2019)

This Article describes the relationship between molecular structure, and the rectification of tunneling current, in tunneling junctions based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Molecular dipoles from simple organic functional groups (amide, urea, and thiourea) were introduced into junctions with the structure AgᵀS/S(CH₂)ₙR(CH₂)ₘCH₃//Ga₂O₃/EGaIn. Here, R is an n-alkyl fragment (−CH₂−)₂ ₒᵣ ₃, an amide group (either −CONH– or −NHCO−), a urea group (−NHCONH−), or a thiourea group (−NHCSNH−). The amide, urea, or thiourea groups introduce a localized electric dipole moment into the SAM and change the polarizability of that section of the SAM, but do not produce large, electronically delocalized groups or change other aspects of the tunneling barrier. This local change in electronic properties correlates with a statistically significant, but not large, rectification of current (r⁺) at ±1.0 V (up to r⁺ ≈ 20). The results of this work demonstrate that the simplest form of rectification of current at ±1.0 V, in EGaIn junctions, is an interfacial effect, and is caused by a change in the work function of the SAM-modified silver electrode due to the proximity of the dipole associated with the amide (or related) group, and not to a change in the width or mean height of the tunneling barrier.
All row, planar fault detection system (2023)

An apparatus, program product and method for detecting nodal faults may simultaneously cause designated nodes of a cell to communicate with all nodes adjacent to each of the designated nodes. Furthermore, all nodes along the axes of the designated nodes are made to communicate with their adjacent nodes, and the communications are analyzed to determine if a node or connection is faulty.
Struktur, Hydroxyalkylierung und Aminoalkylierung von Titanaallylsulfoximinen: Enantioselektive Synthese ungesättigter Alpha-Aminosäuren (2002)

Structure, Hydroxyalkylation and Aminoalkylation of Titanaallylsulfoximines: Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsaturated alpha-Amino Acids Enantiopure E- and Z-allylic sulfoximines were lithiated and transmetallated with ClxTi(OR)4-x to give bis(2-alkenyl)titanium(IV)-complexes. These complexes reacted regio- und diastereoselective with aldehydes in gamma-position to yield delta- resp. beta-N-methylsulfonimidoyl-substituted homoallylic alcohols. This reaction and the structures of the titanium(IV)-complexes were examined in detail. Furthermore it was found, that these complexes reacted regio- and diastereoselective with N-sulfonylimino acetic acid esters to yield gamma,delta-unsaturated alpha-amino acid derivatives. The N-sulfonyl-protecting-group could be cleaved under mild conditions. The N-methylsulfonimidoyl-protecting-group was substituted using a diphenylzinc / Ni(dppp)Cl2 mediated cross-coupling-reaction. Thus a concept for the synthesis of beta,delta-substituted gamma,delta-unsaturated alpha-amino acids was developed.
Towards Power Efficiency on Task-Based, Decoupled Access-Execute Models (2013)

The addition of vasoconstrictors for spinal anesthesia is controversial, since an increase in the incidence of transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) has been reported. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of spinal anesthesia with phenylephrine in addition to tetracaine as well as the incidence of neurological complications. We studied 64 patients with comparable demographic characteristics who were scheduled for elective surgery for a lower limb, or a gynecological or urological procedure. The patients were allocated randomly into 2 groups. Group P (n = 34) received 0.5% tetracaine in 10% glucose with 0.025% phenylephrine, while group C (n = 30) received 0.5% tetracaine in 10% glucose. Our results showed that only 2 patients (6.7%) in group C experienced TNS, and their symptoms disappeared within 72 hr after anesthesia, while none of the patients (0%) in group P complained of symptoms. The incidence of TNS was thus not significantly different between the two groups. Six hours after the sensory block, group P patients demonstrated sensory disturbance, with the median spinal dermatome corresponding to the L1 segment. Moreover, systolic blood pressure in group P was significantly higher than that in group C, 5 min, 15 min, and 20 min after injection. The incidence of TNS in the present study does not seem to be greater after surgery with spinal anesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine and 0.5 mg phenylephrine than without phenylephrine. Randomized, double-blind, cross-over trials with a larger sample size would be required in the future to obtain more reliable results.
Übertragung und Amplifikation von Informationen und Eigenschaften in nanostrukturierten Flüssigkristallen (2008)

Abstract In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Design der chemischen Strukturen flüssigkristalliner Materialien stark und in vielen Fällen sogar radikal verändert. Seit Reinitzers Tagen wurden Flüssigkristalle entweder als stab‐ oder als scheibenförmig klassifiziert; Kombinationen davon führten zu phasmidischen Flüssigkristallen. Die Entdeckung, dass Materialien mit gebogenen Molekülstrukturen eine völlig neue Familie von Mesophasen bilden, hat den Fokus auf Substanzen mit einer großen Variationsbreite an Molekültopologien gerichtet: von Pyramiden zu Kreuzen und dendritischen Molekülen. Die Molekülstrukuren supermolekularer Materialien können durch Konformationsänderungen verformt werden können, was zu einer Stabilisierung der Mesophase führen kann, und Substanzen, die selbst nicht mesogen sind, können mesogene supramolekulare Komplexe bilden. Die Bildung von Mesophasen ist ein Prozess der Selbstorganisation, der bei supramolekularen Systemen auf zwei Ebenen stattfindet. In der englischen Fassung wird der Begriff “self‐assembly” (ins Deutsche ungefähr übersetzbar mit “Assoziation”) für den Aufbau supramolekularer Strukturen durch intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen verschiedener Art, z. B. Wasserstoffbrücken, verwendet. Der Begriff “self‐organization” (Selbstorganisation) dagegen bezieht sich in der englischen Fassung ausschließlich auf die unspezifischen Wechselwirkungen, die mit der Bildung von flüssigkristallinen Phasen aus mesogenen Einheiten (molekular, supramolekular oder supermolekular) verknüpft sind. In der deutschen Fassung wird der Begriff “Selbstorganisation” jedoch zur Beschreibung beider Prozesse verwendet. In diesem Aufsatz wird gezeigt, dass 1) verformbare Molekülstrukturen und ‐topologien supermolekularer und selbstorganisierter supramolekularer Systeme, 2) Erkennungsprozesse an Grenzflächen von Superstrukturen und 3) die Übertragung und Amplifikation dieser Strukturen zur Bildung ungewöhnlicher Mesophasen führen können, die mit der konventionellen Kontinuumstheorie nicht ausreichend beschrieben werden können.
Bayesian constrained decision fusion (2021)

Decision fusion aims to intelligently combine decisions provided by a network of sensors. However, uncalibrated sensors or sensors of unknown reliability challenge this task because they significantly skew the fused decision. This work deals with decision fusion when no information on the sensor reliability is provided. To ensure high-performance fusion, side information is leveraged in the form of pairwise constraints, that capture relationships between pairs of data. A Bayesian approach is developed based on variational inference that can jointly assess sensor reliability, and perform label aggregation. Performance of the proposed algorithm is validated on real datasets.
SLAMF9 regulates pDC homeostasis and function in health and disease (2019)

SLAMF9 belongs to the conserved lymphocytic activation molecule family (SLAMF). Unlike other SLAMs, which have been extensively studied, the role of SLAMF9 in the immune system remained mostly unexplored. By generating CRISPR/Cas9 SLAMF9 knockout mice, we analyzed the role of this receptor in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which preferentially express the SLAMF9 transcript and protein. These cells display a unique capacity to produce type I IFN and bridge between innate and adaptive immune response. Analysis of pDCs in SLAMF9<sup>-/-</sup> mice revealed an increase of immature pDCs in the bone marrow and enhanced accumulation of pDCs in the lymph nodes. In the periphery, SLAMF9 deficiency resulted in lower levels of the transcription factor SpiB, elevation of pDC survival, and attenuated IFN-α and TNF-α production. To define the role of SLAMF9 during inflammation, pDCs lacking SLAMF9 were followed during induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. SLAMF9<sup>-/-</sup> mice demonstrated attenuated disease and delayed onset, accompanied by a prominent increase of immature pDCs in the lymph node, with a reduced costimulatory potential and enhanced infiltration of pDCs into the central nervous system. These results suggest the crucial role of SLAMF9 in pDC differentiation, homeostasis, and function in the steady state and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.