gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence and gain around 1.3 /spl mu/m in PbS quantum dots (2000)

Summary form only given.Strong luminescence and gain is observed for PbS quantum dot (QD) doped glasses at the 1.3 /spl mu/m communications wavelength under CW and pulsed laser excitation, respectively, at 980 nm. This observation generates new interest in PbS QDs as promising candidates as an alternative to Er-doped amplifiers for communications applications. Thermal treatment of an oxide molten glass is an inexpensive method to manufacture semiconductor quantum dot doped glasses with well-defined exciton peaks and small. Inhomogeneous broadening. The PbS QDs studied here have radii much smaller than the bulk exciton Bohr radius providing strong quantum confinement effects. As a result, the exciton resonances can be tuned to the communication wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m by varying the QD size.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on oesophageal acid exposure in patients with reflux oesophagitis (2002)

Background: The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on reflux oesophagitis is unclear. Aim: To study the effect of H. pylori eradication on oesophageal acid exposure and disease severity in patients with reflux oesophagitis. Methods: Patients with reflux oesophagitis and H. pylori infection were recruited for 24‐h oesophageal pH‐metry. They were then randomly assigned to receive either treatment for H. pylori eradication (1‐week omeprazole‐based triple therapy, followed by 7‐week omeprazole) or omeprazole alone (8‐week omeprazole). Uninfected patients were recruited as controls. Endoscopy, pH monitoring and symptom assessment were repeated at 26 weeks. Results: Forty patients (25 H. pylori ‐positive and 15 uninfected) with erosive oesophagitis were studied. Fourteen were randomized to receive treatment for H. pylori eradication and 11 to receive omeprazole alone. There was no difference in the percentage of time the oesophageal pH &lt; 4 before and 26 weeks after treatment among the three groups. However, the percentage of time the oesophageal pH &lt; 2 ( P =0.01) and pH &lt; 3 ( P =0.02) was significantly increased in patients receiving treatment for H. pylori eradication. Three (21%) patients in the group receiving treatment for H. pylori eradication had worsening of reflux oesophagitis. Conclusions: H. pylori eradication increases oesophageal acid exposure and may adversely affect the clinical course of reflux disease in a subset of patients.
Evaluation of Darolutamide (ODM201) Efficiency on Androgen Receptor Mutants Reported to Date in Prostate Cancer Patients (2021)

Resistance to drug treatments is common in prostate cancer (PCa), and the gain-of-function mutations in human androgen receptor (AR) represent one of the most dominant drivers of progression to resistance to AR pathway inhibitors (ARPI). Previously, we evaluated the in vitro response of 24 AR mutations, identified in men with castration-resistant PCa, to five AR antagonists. In the current work, we evaluated 44 additional PCa-associated AR mutants, reported in the literature, and thus expanded the study of the effect of darolutamide to a total of 68 AR mutants. Unlike other AR antagonists, we demonstrate that darolutamide exhibits consistent efficiency against all characterized gain-of-function mutations in a full-length AR. Additionally, the response of the AR mutants to clinically used bicalutamide and enzalutamide, as well as to major endogenous steroids (DHT, estradiol, progesterone and hydrocortisone), was also investigated. As genomic profiling of PCa patients becomes increasingly feasible, the developed "AR functional encyclopedia" could provide decision-makers with a tool to guide the treatment choice for PCa patients based on their AR mutation status.
Intermittent Exposure to 40 Percent Oxygen Prolongs Rat Survival in 100 Percent Oxygen (1977)

Prior intermittent exposure to 40 percent O2 protected rats against fatal O2 toxicity. Protection was not absolute, however, for the death of most rats in 100 percent O2 was not prevented but delayed considerably. Furthermore, those rats which did survive exposure to 100 percent O2 for long periods by virtue of prior-adaptation to increased O2 concentrations had pathologic changes in the lungs typical of chronic O2 toxicity. The very early demise of some rats indicated that 1 of 12 animals is hypersenstiive to high concentrations of inspired O2.
Efficient Equivalence Checking In a Modular Design Environment (1998)

With increasing functional complexity of chips, it has become impractical to reason about their correctness manually. Traditional techniques for verification of a design against its specification such as simulation or emulation based methods are prohibitively time consuming and can leave corner cases untested. In high performance designs, most circuits are either fully custom designed or the synthesized output is modified manually to meet the design specifications. Hence, formal equivalence checking has become a desirable component of such design flows.
Even though there has been much research in equivalence checking over the last few years, little technology has been transferred to industry. The primary reason for the lag is that a tool in the research environment does not fit well with the practical design flows in industry. In this dissertation, we concentrate on the problem of applying equivalence checking in a real design flow of a microprocessor. The techniques presented in this thesis have been implemented in an industrial microprocessor environment.
We address the issue of transforming multi-phase designs, a popular industry practice to equivalent one-phase designs to enable the application of the current equivalence checking techniques. We propose an algorithm to compute the steady states of a machine by relaxing the assumption of a designated set of initial states (DIS). This assumption is used in research but is often restrictive in an industrial design environment. We use the paradigm of sequential hardware equivalence (SHE), which does not make the DIS assumption, for checking the equivalence of two machines. We show that two machines are SHE if the outputs of their product machine are 0 in the steady states. We propose machine partitioning and minimum area retiming to alleviate the problem of large state spaces common in industrial designs. Our techniques result in exponential reductions in the state space and enable equivalence checking of machines which cannot be handled otherwise. Lastly, we address the issue of interface verification arising out of a modular design environment. We show that the constraints required to express the input don't care space for equivalence checking of a module need to be verified formally for the completeness of equivalence checking. We characterize these constraints as combinationally provable and sequentially provable. Subsequently, we develop an assertion checking framework with efficient techniques to handle both types of constraints.
Probiotics for Prevention or Treatment of Food Allergies (2022)

Food allergy prevalence has increased exponentially in recent decades across all regions of the world. The rapid rise in food allergy is attributed to changes in the environment, particularly those associated with the western lifestyle. Probiotic bacteria may offer a means of altering the gut microbiota toward a healthy composition. This chapter summarizes the evidence for probiotics in the prevention and treatment of food allergy. Strategies for food allergy prevention include primary prevention which aims to prevent the onset of IgE sensitization, and secondary prevention which aims to interrupt the development of food allergy in IgE-sensitized children. The search for effective therapies for food allergy has become extremely important as disease prevalence continues to rise. Initial studies of subcutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy showed that this approach was associated with high rates of systemic reactions and was subsequently abandoned.
Bactericidal activity of 3D-printed hydrogel dressing loaded with gallium maltolate (2019)

Chronic wounds are projected to reach epidemic proportions worldwide because of the aging population and the increasing incidence of diabetes. Despite extensive research, infection remains one of the leading sources of complications in chronic wounds, resulting in improper healing, biofilm formation, and lower extremity amputation. To address the limitations of standard treatments, we have developed a hydrogel wound dressing with self-tuning moisture control that incorporates a novel antimicrobial agent to eliminate and prevent infection. 3D-printing of a hydrogel dressing with dual porosity resulted in a new dressing with greater flexibility, increased water uptake, and more rapid swelling than bulk hydrogel dressings. Additionally, gallium maltolate (GaM) was incorporated into the dressing to investigate the efficacy of this antimicrobial agent. Loading profiles, release kinetics, and the bactericidal activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) of GaM were investigated <i>in vitro</i> to identify target profiles that supported infection control. Finally, GaM-loaded hydrogel dressings were evaluated <i>in vivo</i>, utilizing a murine splinted-wound model that was inoculated with <i>S. aureus</i>. In comparison to an untreated control, GaM dressings markedly reduced the wound bacterial load without compromising wound closure rates. Overall, this work demonstrates the utility of a 3D-printed hydrogel dressing as an antimicrobial dressing to control infection in chronic wounds.
Hybrid photonic/phononic crystals for vertically-integrated optomechanics (2021)

Thin dielectric membranes patterned with a sub-wavelength period structure can be designed to exhibit remarkable properties, including reflectivity in excess of 99.9%. When fabricated from silicon nitride, they can become superb mechanical resonators as well. In this work, we embed such photonic crystal reflectors in the bandgap of a phononic crystal, to attain ultrahigh mechanical quality factors. These hybrid devices can be incorporated into optical cavities and lasers, and offer unique new opportunities for optomechanical sensing and active-cavity optomechanics.
How to objectively classify residents based on their psychomotor laparoscopic skills? (2010)

In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), a surgeon needs to acquire a certain level of basic psychomotor MIS skills to perform surgery safely. Evaluation of those skills is a major impediment. Although various assessment methods have been introduced, none of them came as a superior. Three aspects of assessing psychomotor MIS skills are discussed here: (i) advantages and disadvantages of currently available assessment methods, (ii) methods to objectively classify residents according to their level of psychomotor skills, and (iii) factors that influence psychomotor MIS skills. Motion analysis has a potential to be the means to deal with assessment of psychomotor skills. Together with classification methods (e.g. linear discriminant analysis), motion analysis provides an aid in deciding whether a resident is ready to move to the next level of training. Presence of factors that influence psychomotor MIS skills results in a high need for standardisation of valid tasks and setups used for the assessment of MIS skills.
High speed transmission over Multimode Fiber with direct modulated single-mode VCSEL (2015)

In current data centers, most of optical links are based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) operating at 850 nm over multimode optical fiber. The demand for increasing data rates implies a decrease of link reach length. For example, at current standards 25-Gbit/s-links are limited to 100 m. In this paper, we still demonstrate successful transmission at 25 Gbit/s over 1 km of multi-mode fiber by using an optimized VCSEL structure with a single primary mode. This indicates that the relative low cost VCSEL-technology is still capable to fulfill the future bandwidth requirements in data centers. Furthermore this new technology has the capability to be an option for the future in-house distribution networks or to connect the end-user within the last mile.
Essential Oils Extracted from Boswellia sacra Oleo Gum Resin Loaded into PLGA–PCL Nanoparticles: Enhanced Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects against Breast Cancer Cells (2022)

This work aims to develop and optimize blended polylactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide (PLGA) and poly(ε-caprolactone, PCL) loaded with <i>Boswellia sacra</i> oil (BO) to improve BO's physicochemical properties and anti-breast cancer effects <i>via</i> enhancing apoptosis. In this context, BO was extracted from <i>B. sacra</i> oleo gum resins (BO) <i>via</i> hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by evaluating its essential oil's composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Then, BO/PLGA-PCL NPs were formulated using the emulsion (O/W) solvent evaporation technique using a PLGA-PCL mixture at five different ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2, and 1:3, respectively). The optimized NPs had a spherical morphology with no agglomerations and the lowest hydrodynamic size (230.3 ± 3.7 nm) and polydispersity index (0.13 ± 0.03) and the highest ζ potential (-20.36 ± 4.89 mV), as compared to the rest of the formulas. PLGA-PCL NPs could entrap 80.59 ± 3.37% of the BO and exhibited a controlled, sustained release of BO (83.74 ± 3.34%) over 72 h. Encapsulating BO in the form of BO/PLGA-PCL NPs resulted in a lower IC<sub>50</sub> value as assessed by the MTT assay. Furthermore and upon assessing the apoptotic effect of both BO and BO/PLGA-PCL NPs, there was an increase in the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cell percentages compared to the control and free BO. Encapsulation of BO in PLGA-PCL NPs doubled the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells exerted by free BO. These findings support the potential use of BO/PLGA-PCL NPs in treating breast cancer.
P3‐281: The safety profile of ACI‐24, an oligo‐specific amyloid beta vaccine, demonstrated decrease of large microbleedings in brain of aged Alzheimer's disease mouse model (2009)

Alzheimer's vaccine ACI-24 is a liposome-based vaccine with tetra-palmitoylated amyloid beta 1-15 peptide. Recently, we demonstrated the immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of ACI-24 in double transgenic APPxPS1mice (Muhs et al., PNAS, 104, 9810-9815, 2007). The data presented here focus on the safety profile of ACI-24 by analyzing inflammation and hemorrhages in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. 27-28 month old double transgenic APPxPS-1 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5 doses of ACI-24 or empty liposomes, at 2-week intervals. The presence of activated microglia (MHC-II and CD45), astrogliosis (GFAP), and penetration into the brain of peripheral peripheral T and B-cells (CD4 and CD45) cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Micro-hemorrhages were analyzed by Perl's Iron staining and local secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by ELISA. ACI-24 vaccine induced anti-amyloid beta antibody titers in the APPxPS1 transgenic mice with high specificity for oligomeric Amyloid beta species. These antibodies were of IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes, indicating a preferential Th2 vaccine response. The brain tissues showed no evidence of microglia activation nor astrogliosis and no increase in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. The histological staining with Perl's Iron revealed that the number of sections per mouse containing large hemorrhages was significantly lower in mice treated with ACI-24 compared to the vehicle-treated controls. Additionally, ACI-24 immunization did not induce infiltration of peripheral monocytes (MHC-II) nor peripheral T- and B-cells (CD4 or CD45) into the brains of the treated transgenic mice. Our results show that immunization of old transgenic mice with ACI-24 induces oligo-specific anti-Amyloid beta antibodies and decreases the number of large micro-hemorrhages without inducing micro-hemorrhages. Furthermore, ACI-24 immunization does not cause cellular brain inflammation or enhance the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nor does it result in the penetration of peripheral monocytes into the brain. These results, together with the preferentially Th2 associated antibody isotype profile, indicate a low risk of encephalitis and thus demonstrates a positive safety profile for ACI-24 in a relevant AD animal model.
Defects in Degenerate Hybrid Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystals (1990)

High-strength and zero-strength defects have been observed for the first time in degenerate hybrid aligned nematic films. The defects possess complex asymmetrical structures, and their existence is the consequence of the splay cancelling principle. The relation between the strength of defects and the number of dark brushes in the textures is violated.
Discovery of Polythioplatinate(II) [Pt3S2(SO3)6]10– and Study of Its Solution and Catalytic Properties (2022)

We have discovered the first polythioplatinate(II), [Pt<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>10-</sup> (<b>1</b>), which was synthesized in aqueous basic medium (pH 11) by hydrothermal heating at 150 °C. Polyanion <b>1</b> comprises a discrete, triangular assembly of three Pt<sup>2+</sup> ions linked by two μ<sub>3</sub>-sulfido ligands, and their square-planar coordination geometry is completed by two terminal S-bound sulfito ligands. Polyanion <b>1</b> was isolated as a hydrated sodium salt, Na<sub>10</sub>[Pt<sup>II</sup><sub>3</sub>(μ<sub>3</sub>-S)<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]·22H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>Na-1</b>), which was characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and elemental analysis, in solution by <sup>195</sup>Pt NMR and atomic absorption spectroscopy, and in the gas phase by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Density functional theory calculations were performed, and the <sup>195</sup>Pt NMR chemical shifts of <b>1</b> were computed theoretically and shown to match well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the discrete title polyanion <b>1</b> was immobilized on mesoporous SBA-15 support and used as a precatalyst for the hydrogenation of <i>o</i>-xylene.
Structure-Property-Performance Relationships of Cuprous Oxide Nanostructures for Dielectric Mie Resonance-Enhanced Photocatalysis (2021)

Nanostructured metal oxides, such as Cu2O, CeO2, α-Fe2O3, and TiO2 can efficiently mediate photocatalysis for solar-to-chemical energy conversion and pollution remediation. In this contribution, we report a novel approach, dielectric Mie resonance-enhanced photocatalysis, to enhance the catalytic activity of metal oxide photocatalysts. Specifically, we demonstrate that Cu2O nanostructures exhibiting dielectric Mie resonances can exhibit up to an order of magnitude higher photocatalytic rate as compared to Cu2O nanostructures not exhibiting dielectric Mie resonances. Our finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and experimental results predict a volcano-type relationship between the photocatalytic rate and the size of Cu2O nanospheres and nanocubes. Using transient absorption measurements, we reveal that a coherent electronic process associated with dielectric Mie resonance-mediated charge carrier generation is dominant in Cu2O nanostructures that exhibit higher photocatalytic rates. Although we experimentally demonstrate dielectric Mie resonance-enhanced photocatalysis using Cu2O particles here, based on our FDTD simulations, we anticipate the same can be achieved with other metal oxide photocatalysts, including CeO2, α-Fe2O3, and TiO2.
V-shaped dislocations in a GaN epitaxial layer on GaN substrate (2019)

In this study, V-shaped dislocations in a GaN epitaxial layer on a free-standing GaN substrate were observed. Our investigation further revealed that the V-shaped dislocations were newly generated at the interface in the epilayer rather than propagated from the GaN substrate. V-shaped dislocations consist of two straight parts. The straight parts of the V-shaped dislocations were separated from each other in the m-direction and tilted toward the step-flow direction of the GaN epitaxial layer. The V-shaped dislocations are continuous single dislocations having a Burgers vector component of 1a and an intrinsic stacking fault between their straight parts.
Symbolic Repairs for GR(1) Specifications (2019)

Unrealizability is a major challenge for GR(1), an expressive assume-guarantee fragment of LTL that enables efficient synthesis. Some works attempt to help engineers deal with unrealizability by generating counter-strategies or computing an unrealizable core. Other works propose to repair the unrealizable specification by suggesting repairs in the form of automatically generated assumptions. In this work we present two novel symbolic algorithms for repairing unrealizable GR(1) specifications. The first algorithm infers new assumptions based on the recently introduced JVTS. The second algorithm infers new assumptions directly from the specification. Both algorithms are sound. The first is incomplete but can be used to suggest many different repairs. The second is complete but suggests a single repair. Both are symbolic and therefore efficient. We implemented our work, validated its correctness, and evaluated it on benchmarks from the literature. The evaluation shows the strength of our algorithms, in their ability to suggest repairs and in their performance and scalability compared to previous solutions.
Mutagenesis of GPR139 reveals ways to create gain or loss of function receptors (2019)

GPR139 is a Gq-coupled receptor activated by the essential amino acids L-tryptophan (L-Trp) and L-phenylalanine (L-Phe). We carried out mutagenesis studies of the human GPR139 receptor to identify the critical structural motifs required for GPR139 activation. We applied site-directed and high throughput random mutagenesis approaches using a double addition normalization strategy to identify novel GPR139 sequences coding receptors that have altered sensitivity to endogenous ligands. This approach resulted in GPR139 clones with gain-of-function, reduction-of-function or loss-of-function mutations. The agonist pharmacology of these mutant receptors was characterized and compared to wild-type receptor using calcium mobilization, radioligand binding, and protein expression assays. The structure-activity data were incorporated into a homology model which highlights that many of the gain-of-function mutations are either in or immediately adjacent to the purported orthosteric ligand binding site, whereas the loss-of-function mutations were largely in the intracellular G-protein binding area or were disrupters of the helix integrity. There were also some reduction-of-function mutations in the orthosteric ligand binding site. These findings may not only facilitate the rational design of novel agonists and antagonists of GPR139, but also may guide the design of transgenic animal models to study the physiological function of GPR139.
A means for industry to determine the economic life of bonded joints under representative operation flight loads (2020)

The present paper shows that the variability in the cyclic fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate in structural adhesives that is frequently observed in laboratory test results can be captured by using a Hartman-Schijve methodology. To this end the Hartman-Schijve equation has been used to access an ‘upper-bound’ FCG rate curve that (a) encompasses all the experimental data, (b) provides a conservative, ‘worst-case’ FCG rate curve, and (c) accounts for the experimental scatter that is frequently seen under fatigue loading. The importance of allowing for the variability in the measured FCG rate is illustrated by considering FCG in a bonded double-overlap joint subjected to an industry-standard, combat-aircraft flight-load fatigue-cycle spectrum (i.e. FALSTAFF).
Ca2+-binding light chain of Physarum myosin confers inhibitory Ca2+-sensitivity on actin-myosin-ATP interaction via actin. (1985)

Introduction.