gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a progressive and destructive lung condition caused by members of aspergillus family and usually occurs in patients with lung conditions like COPD, lung cancer and tuberculous (TB). However, in high TB burden countries, TB remains one of the most common risk factor for CPA. <b>Objective:</b> To study the frequency of CPA in patients treated for pulmonary TB at a tertiary care hospital. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective study done on patients treated for pulmonary TB and diagnosed as CPA on the basis of clinical symptoms, radiographic imaging and evidence of aspergillus infection on sputum culture or a positive <i>Aspergillus</i> specific IgG at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January 2016 to December 2018. <b>Results:</b> During the study period 115 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 56 (SD±13.4) years and 61 (53%) patients were females. Out of 115 patients, 17(14.78%) patients were diagnosed as CPA. Out of these 17 patients, 6 (35.29%) had pleural thickening, 5 (29.41%) had fibrocavitatory changes, 4 (23.52%) had consolidation and 2 (11.76%) had aspergilloma on radiological imaging. The growth of <i>Aspergillus</i> on sputum culture was seen in 9 (52.94%) patients while rest of the 8 (47.05%) patients had a positive <i>Aspergillus</i> specific IgG. Out of the 9 sputum culture positive patients, 7 patients had growth of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and rest of the 2 had growth of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. <b>Conclusion:</b> The prevalence of CPA in patients treated for pulmonary TB is underrated. After the cure of TB, if patient presents with chronic respiratory symptoms, CPA should be in the differential diagnosis.
Efficient Removal of Magnetic Contamination From Drilling Fluids: The Effect on Directional Drilling (2020)

Abstract Magnetic debris in a drilling fluid have a significant influence on the ability of the drilling fluid to maintain its function. Down hole logging can suffer from poor signal to noise ratios. Directional drilling in areas close to the magnetic North Pole, such as in the Barents Sea, Northern Canada, or Russia, can suffer because of magnetic contamination in the drilling fluid. Magnetic particles in the drilling fluid introduce additional errors to the magnetic surveying compared to those normally included in the ellipsoid of uncertainty calculation. On many offshore drilling rigs, there are mounted ditch magnets to remove metallic swarf from the drilling fluid. These magnets normally only remove the coarser swarf. In this project, we use a combination of strong magnets and flow directors to significantly improve the performance of the ditch magnets. This combination, together with proper routines for cleaning the ditch magnets, significantly helps to clean the drilling fluid. Through the combined use of flow directors and ditch magnets, it was possible to extract more than five times as much magnetic contamination from the drilling fluid as normal compared with other proper ditch magnet systems. This is verified by comparing the ditch magnet efficiencies from two drilling rigs drilling extended reach drilling (ERD) wells in the North Sea area. In this paper, it is discussed how the accuracy of directional drilling and well position effected by various interferences can be improved by the use of a drilling fluid with minimal effect to the measurement while drilling (MWD) measurement.
Atmospheric leaching of nickel and cobalt from nickel saprolite ores using the Starved Acid Leaching Technology (2017)

There is great potential to recover nickel from below cut-off grade nickel saprolite ores using the Starved Acid Leach Technology (SALT). Nickel saprolite ores are normally mined as feed to Fe-Ni smelters or Ni matte smelting operations. The smelting processes typically require high Ni cut-off grades of 1.5 to 2.2% Ni, depending on the operation. These very high cutoff grades result in a significant portion of the saprolite profile being regarded as “waste” and hence having little to no value. The below cut-off grade (waste) material can be processed by atmospheric acid leaching with “starvation” levels of acid addition. The leached nickel and cobalt may be recovered as a mixed hydroxide (or alternate product). The mixed hydroxide may be added to the saprolite smelting operation feed system to increase the nickel production of the smelter or may be refined separately. The technical development of the SALT process will be described along with an economic summary. The SALT process has great potential to treat many Indonesian Nickel ores that are too low a grade for current technology.
Biochemical Correction of X-CGD by a Novel Chimeric Promoter Regulating High Levels of Transgene Expression in Myeloid Cells (2010)

X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the CYBB gene encoding the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase catalytic subunit gp91(phox). A recent clinical trial for X-CGD using a spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV)-based γ-retroviral vector has demonstrated clear therapeutic benefits in several patients although complicated by enhancer-mediated mutagenesis and diminution of effectiveness over time due to silencing of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). To improve safety and efficacy, we have designed a lentiviral vector that directs transgene expression primarily in myeloid cells. To this end, we created a synthetic chimeric promoter that contains binding sites for myeloid transcription factors CAAT box enhancer-binding family proteins (C/EBPs) and PU.1, which are highly expressed during granulocytic differentiation. As predicted, the chimeric promoter regulated higher reporter gene expression in myeloid than in nonmyeloid cells, and in human hematopoietic progenitors upon granulocytic differentiation. In a murine model of stem cell gene therapy for X-CGD, the chimeric vector resulted in high levels of gp91(phox) expression in committed myeloid cells and granulocytes, and restored normal NADPH-oxidase activity. These findings were recapitulated in human neutrophils derived from transduced X-CGD CD34(+) cells in vivo, and suggest that the chimeric promoter will have utility for gene therapy of myeloid lineage disorders such as CGD.
Approximate Algorithms for 3-D Placement of IBFD Enabled Drone-Mounted Base Stations (2019)

The future 5G network is expected to provide throughput 1000 times and spectrum efficiency 10 times those of the current 4G network. In-band full-duplex (IBFD) is a promising technique for 5G that can conceivably improve spectrum efficiency. Drone-mounted base stations (DBSs) provide high mobility and high flexibility, and leveraging DBSs to provision services to UEs can facilitate the quality of service of the wireless network and enlarge the coverage area. Therefore, the throughput and the spectrum efficiency can be improved by leveraging IBFD-enabled DBSs. We formulate the drone-mounted base station placement with IBFD communications (DBSP-IBFD) problem, which consists of two sub-problems: the joint bandwidth, power allocation and UE association (joint-BPU) problem and the DBS placement problem. We first propose an approximate algorithm to solve the joint-BPU problem that provides guaranteed performance. Then, an exhaustive search method is employed to obtain the optimal locations for DBSs. After that, we propose a 1/2(1 - 1/2l)-approximation algorithm to solve the DBSP-IBFD problem, where l is the number of simulation runs. Simulation results have demonstrated that the throughput of the proposed approximate algorithm is superior to benchmark algorithms in solving the DBSP-IBFD problem.
Effect of the Precipitation of Cu and the Diameter of Cu Precipitates on the Early Stage Corrosion of the Ferritic Stainless Steel (2017)

ステンレス鋼表面の析出物が孔食の起点となりうることは従来からよく知られている．本研究では，フェライト系ステンレス鋼の初期発銹および孔食発生におよぼす数十nmの粒径を有するε−Cuの影響について検討した．18％Cr−3％Cuフェライト系ステンレス鋼を用いて，ε−Cuの粒径を500～700℃，1～100hの時効処理により制御し，その粒径が結晶粒内で0～51nm，結晶粒界で104～125nmとした供試材を得た．これらの供試材表面のε−Cuは，孔食電位測定において孔食電位よりも低い電位で溶解した．このε−Cuの溶解によって形成された穴が孔食電位において孔食の起点となったことが示唆された．孔食電位測定における孔食密度はサイクル腐食試験における発銹点数と類似の傾向があった．結晶粒内のε−Cuの粒径が35nm以上となる試験片の孔食密度は，35nm以下の粒径の試験片の孔食密度よりも大きかった．このことから，孔食発生に寄与しうるε−Cuの臨界粒径が存在することが示唆された．
Radar and electronic warfare applications of multigigahertz optical components and systems (1988)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Henry F. Taylor, "Radar and electronic warfare applications of multigigahertz optical components and systems," Optics News 14(1), 22-25 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Structure–Activity Relationships of Nickel–Hexaaluminates in Reforming Reactions Part I: Controlling Nickel Nanoparticle Growth and Phase Formation (2014)

Abstract The controlled synthesis of hexaaluminates ANi y Al 12− y O 19− δ (A=Ba, La, Sr, and y =0.25, 0.5, 1) is reported by a freeze drying route. This route allows the use of moderate temperatures of approximately 1200 °C to obtain hexaaluminates of high phase purity (&gt;80 wt %) as well as high specific surface areas (10–30 m 2 g −1 ). Under reducing conditions at elevated temperatures, nickel expulsion from the hexaaluminate framework can be observed. High stability of the crystalline phase is observed even if all substitution cations leave the hexaaluminate framework. The moderate calcination temperature of 1200 °C facilitates the reducibility of the Ni–hexaaluminates compared to Ni–hexaaluminates calcined at 1600 °C. SEM and TEM imaging revealed that Ni–hexaaluminates with low Ni loading ( y =0.25) and calcined at moderate temperature (1200 °C) lead under reducing atmosphere to the formation of strong textural growth and highly disperse and highly textured Ni 0 nanoparticles. Nanoparticle growth is associated to surface defect sites occurring on the hexaaluminate platelets.
Fractal metasurface enhanced graphene photodetector on glass substrate (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Graphene has been demonstrated to be a promising photodetection material because of its atomic-thin nature, broadband and uniform optical absorption, etc. Photovoltaic and photothermoelectric, which are considered to be the main contributors to photo current/voltage generation in graphene, enable photodetection through driving electrons via built-in electric field and thermoelectric power, respectively. Graphene photovoltaic/photothermoelectric detectors are ideal for ultrafast photodetection applications due to the high carrier mobilities in graphene and ultrashort time the electrons need to give away heat. Despite all the advantages for graphene photovoltaic/photothermoelectric detectors, the sensitivity in such detectors is relatively low, owing to the low optical absorption in the single atomic layer. In the past, our research group has used delicately designed snowflake-like fractal metasurface to realize broadband photovoltage enhancement in the visible spectral range, on SiO2 thin film backed by Si substrates. We have also demonstrated that the enhancement from the proposed fractal metasurface is insensitive to the polarization of the incident light. In this current work, we have carried out experiments of the same fractal metasurface on transparent SiO2 substrates, and obtained higher enhancement factor on the fractal metasurface than that achieved on SiO2/Si substrates. Moreover, the device allows more than 70% of the incident light to transmit during the detection, enabling photodetection in the optical path without any significant distortion. Another possibility to make use of the large portion of transmitted light is to stack multiple such devices along the optical path to linearly scale up the sensitivity.
First Measurement of the Z→μ+μ- Angular Coefficients in the Forward Region of pp Collisions at √s=13 TeV (2022)

The first study of the angular distribution of μ<sup>+</sup>μ<sup>−</sup> pairs produced in the forward rapidity region via the Drell-Yan reaction pp→γ<sup>∗</sup>/Z+X→ℓ<sup>+</sup>ℓ<sup>−</sup>+X is presented, using data collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb<sup>−1</sup>. The coefficients of the five leading terms in the angular distribution are determined as a function of the dimuon transverse momentum and rapidity. The results are compared to various theoretical predictions of the Z-boson production mechanism and can also be used to probe transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions within the proton.
Effects of the fungusIsaria fumosorosea(Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) on reduced feeding and mortality of the Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2011)

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is an important citrus pest primarily because it transmits bacteria putatively responsible for huanglongbing, a serious disease of citrus. We present a study on the effects of blastospore and conidial formulations of Isaria fumosorosea Wize on feeding rates and mortality of adult psyllids in laboratory bioassays. Information on quantities of honeydew droplets was used to make inferences on feeding rates. Psyllids treated with the blastospore formulation of I. fumosorosea produced fewer honeydew droplets compared to the conidial treatment and control beginning within the first 24 h after treatment. The highest daily mean number of droplets thereafter never exceeded 2.4 drops compared to 4 and 8 for the conidial treatment and control, respectively. The mean number (±SEM) of honeydew droplets produced per psyllid per day over 7 days was significantly higher in the control (5.5±0.5) compared to the blastospore treatment; however, there were no significant differences between the treatments. Psyllids treated with the conidial formulation of the pathogen showed no significant reduction in feeding activity until 4 days after treatment. One and 2 day's post-exposure, mortality of psyllids in the blastospore treatment ranged from 8 to 25% compared to 0% in the conidial and control treatments. By 7 days post-exposure, psyllid mortality reached 100% under both fungal treatments compared to none in the controls. This study documented that adult psyllids infected by I. fumosorosea (PFR 97) produce less honeydew than healthy psyllids and suggests that they may feed less, which could potentially reduce the spread of huanglongbing.
Identification of CD25 as STAT5-Dependent Growth Regulator of Leukemic Stem Cells in Ph+ CML (2015)

CD25 is a novel STAT5-dependent marker of CML LSCs and may be useful for LSC detection and LSC isolation in clinical practice and basic science. Moreover, CD25 serves as a growth regulator of CML LSCs, which may have biologic and clinical implications and may pave the way for the development of new more effective LSC-eradicating treatment strategies in CML.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Central Role for RAF→MEK→ERK Signaling in the Genesis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 41K, Cell lines used in this study and their genotype&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated Monitoring and Control for Performance Management of Distributed Enterprise Systems (2010)

This paper describes an integrated monitoring and control framework for managing performance of distributed enterprise systems.
Principles of pediatric lupus nephritis in a prospective contemporary multi-center cohort (2021)

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a life-threatening manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is more common in children than adults. The epidemiology and management of childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) have changed over time, prompting the need to reassess expected outcomes. The purpose of this study is to use the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) prospective registry to validate historical principles of LN in a contemporary, real-world cohort. After an extensive literature review, six principles of LN in cSLE were identified. The CARRA registry was queried to evaluate these principles in determining the rate of LN in cSLE, median time from cSLE diagnosis to LN, short-term renal outcomes, and frequency of rituximab as an induction therapy. Of the 677 cSLE patients in the CARRA registry, 32% had documented LN. Decline in kidney function was more common in Black cSLE patients than non-Black patients (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Black race was associated with worse short-term renal outcomes. In short-term follow up, most children with LN had unchanged or improved kidney function, and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) was rare. Ongoing follow-up of cSLE patients in the CARRA registry will be necessary to evaluate long-term outcomes to inform risk, management, and prognosis of LN in cSLE.
Iris-Based Cyclotorsional Image Alignment Method for Wavefront Registration (2005)

In refractive surgery, especially wavefront-guided refractive surgery, correct registration of the treatment to the cornea is of paramount importance. The specificity of the custom ablation formula requires that the ablation be applied to the cornea only when it has been precisely aligned with the mapped area. If, however, the eye has rotated between measurement and ablation, and this cyclotorsion is not compensated for, the rotational misalignment could impair the effectiveness of the refractive surgery. To achieve precise registration, a noninvasive method for torsional rotational alignment of the captured wavefront image to the patient's eyes at surgery has been developed. This method applies a common coordinate system to the wavefront and the eye. Video cameras on the laser and wavefront devices precisely establish the spatial relationship between the optics of the eye and the natural features of the iris, enabling the surgeon to identify and compensate for cyclotorsional eye motion, whatever its cause.
The effect of molecular chirality on the incidence of twisted smectic A phases (1991)

Abstract Four chiral chloro-esters were synthesized in order to examine systematically the effect that molecular chirality has on the temperature range and incidence of the twisted smectic A phase or the twist grain boundary phase as it has become known. We find that when the motion of the chiral centre is restricted by rotational hindrance, thereby increasing the chirality of the system, the twisted SA phase range is increased. At low chirality the twisted SA phase disappears altogether. Furthermore, it is shown that the transition temperatures of the chiral compounds are lower than their racemic analogues.
Learning Unified Embedding for Apparel Recognition (2017)

In apparel recognition, deep neural network models are often trained separately for different verticals (e.g. [7]). However, using specialized models for different verticals is not scalable and expensive to deploy. This paper addresses the problem of learning one unified embedding model for multiple object verticals (e.g. all apparel classes) without sacrificing accuracy. The problem is tackled from two aspects: training data and training difficulty. On the training data aspect, we figure out that for a single model trained with triplet loss, there is an accuracy sweet spot in terms of how many verticals are trained together. To ease the training difficulty, a novel learning scheme is proposed by using the output from specialized models as learning targets so that L2 loss can be used instead of triplet loss. This new loss makes the training easier and make it possible for more efficient use of the feature space. The end result is a unified model which can achieve the same retrieval accuracy as a number of separate specialized models, while having the model complexity as one.
Divergent mutational processes distinguish hypoxic and normoxic tumours (2020)

Many primary tumours have low levels of molecular oxygen (hypoxia), and hypoxic tumours respond poorly to therapy. Pan-cancer molecular hallmarks of tumour hypoxia remain poorly understood, with limited comprehension of its associations with specific mutational processes, non-coding driver genes and evolutionary features. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours spanning 27 cancer types. Elevated hypoxia associates with increased mutational load across cancer types, irrespective of underlying mutational class. The proportion of mutations attributed to several mutational signatures of unknown aetiology directly associates with the level of hypoxia, suggesting underlying mutational processes for these signatures. At the gene level, driver mutations in TP53, MYC and PTEN are enriched in hypoxic tumours, and mutations in PTEN interact with hypoxia to direct tumour evolutionary trajectories. Overall, hypoxia plays a critical role in shaping the genomic and evolutionary landscapes of cancer.
Direct method for superresolution (1994)

A noniterative method for superresolution is presented and analyzed. By exploiting the inherent structure of the discrete signal-processing environment, this algorithm reduces the problem of superresolution to that of solving a set of linear equations that relate known frequency samples to unknown time samples. It is shown that the algorithm always produces the correct solution if the known samples are error free and if the system is exactly determined or overdetermined. A technique to reduce the effect of measurement noise on the solution is presented also. It is shown that the noniterative algorithm will produce the same result as the Gerchberg–Papoulis algorithm [ Opt. Acta21, 709 ( 1974); IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.CAS-22, 735 ( 1975)]. A simple, one-dimensional example is used to demonstrate the performance of both algorithms in the presence, and in the absence, of noise. The utility of the noniterative algorithm is demonstrated further with another one-dimensional example and then a two-dimensional example.
FBK-irst (2007)

This paper summarizes FBK-irst participation at the lexical substitution task of the Semeval competition. We submitted two different systems, both exploiting synonym lists extracted from dictionaries. For each word to be substituted, the systems rank the associated synonym list according to a similarity metric based on Latent Semantic Analysis and to the occurrences in the Web 1T 5-gram corpus, respectively. In particular, the latter system achieves the state-of-the-art performance, largely surpassing the baseline proposed by the organizers.