gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uncoupling protein 1 in fish uncovers an ancient evolutionary history of mammalian nonshivering thermogenesis (2005)

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) increase proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thereby, UCP1 in brown adipose tissue dissipates proton motive force as heat. This mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis is considered as a monophyletic trait of endothermic placental mammals that emerged about 140 million years ago and provided a crucial advantage for life in the cold. The paralogues UCP2 and UCP3 are probably not thermogenic proteins but convey mild uncoupling, which may serve to reduce the rate of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Both are present in endotherms (mammals and birds), but so far only UCP2 has been identified in ectothermic vertebrates (fish and amphibia). The evolution of UCPs is of general interest in the search for the origin of mammalian UCP1-mediated nonshivering thermogenesis. We here show the presence of UCP1 and UCP3 in ectothermic teleost fish species using comparative genomics, phylogenetic inference, and gene expression analysis. In the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), UCP1 is predominantly expressed in the liver and strongly diminished in response to cold exposure, thus contrasting the cold-induced expression of mammalian UCP1 in brown adipose tissue. UCP3 mRNA is only found in carp skeletal muscle with expression levels increased fivefold in response to fasting. Our findings disprove the monophyletic nature of UCP1 in placental mammals and demonstrate that all three members of the core UCP family were already present before the divergence of ray-finned and lobe-finned vertebrate lineages about 420 million years ago.
Electrical properties of p-type and n-type doped inverse silicon opals - towards optically amplified silicon solar cells (2010)

While the silicon photonic crystals have promised revolutionary developments in the field of optical telecommunications and optical computing, it has only recently been realized that their prowess to trap and slow photons could potentially and significantly improve the efficiency of silicon solar cells. In this work n-doped and p-doped inverse silicon opals are synthesized and processed to optimize their electrical charge transport properties, which are shown to be of semiconductor device quality. Moreover a prototype p-i-n junction solar cell based on the inverse silicon opal is reduced to practice and its optoelectronic behavior is evaluated.
Wavelength tuning of the spirally drawn whispering gallery mode microfiber lasers and the perspectives for sensing applications (2017)

Facile and cost-efficient microcavities, as well as the tuning of the optical modes, especially for the application of top-grade optical devices, have been emerging as attractive research fields. In this work, controllable fabrication of the microfiber laser arrays in polymer matrix is achieved by employing the advanced spiral drawing technique. Besides the high-quality whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing, wavelength tuning is also realized by applying external forces on the polymer matrix, which induce slightly enlarged cavity sizes. Furthermore, the perspectives of utilizing the microfiber arrays as force and strain sensors are discussed and demonstrated.
Further Investigation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vif Function in Human Cells (2004)

Primate lentivirus Vif proteins function by suppressing the antiviral activity of the cell-encoded apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. It has been hypothesized that species-specific susceptibilities of APOBEC proteins to Vif proteins may help govern the transmission of primate lentiviruses to new host species. Consistent with this view and with previous results, we report that the Vif proteins of several diverse simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that are not known to infect humans are not effective inhibitors of human APOBEC3G or APOBEC3F when assessed in transient-transfection experiments. Unexpectedly, this lack of SIV Vif function did not prevent the replication of two vif-deficient SIVs (SIVtan and SIVmnd1; isolated from tantalus monkeys and mandrills, respectively) in a human T-cell line, HUT78, that expresses both APOBEC 3G and APOBEC3F, a finding which demonstrates that some SIVs are partially resistant to the antiretroviral effects of these enzymes irrespective of Vif function. Additional virus replication studies also revealed that the Vif protein of SIVtan is, in fact, active in human T cells, as it substantially enhanced the replication of its cognate virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In sum, we now consider it improbable that species-specific restrictions to SIV Vif function can explain the lack of human infection with certain SIVs. Instead, our data reveal that the species-specific modulation of Vif function is more complex than previously envisioned and that additional (as-yet-unidentified) viral or host factors may be involved in regulating this dynamic interaction between host and pathogen.
Event Recognition with Fragmented Object Tracks (2006)

Complete and accurate video tracking is very difficult to achieve in practice due to long occlusions, traffic clutter, shadows and appearance changes. In this paper, we study the feasibility of event recognition when object tracks are fragmented. By changing the lock score threshold controlling track termination, different levels of track fragmentation are generated. The effect on event recognition is revealed by examining the event model match score as a function of lock score threshold. Using a Dynamic Bayesian Network to model events, it is shown that event recognition actually improves with greater track fragmentation, assuming fragmented tracks for the same object are linked together. The improvement continues up to a point when it is more likely to be offset by other errors such as those caused by frequent object reinitialization. The study is conducted on busy scenes of airplane servicing activities where long tracking gaps occur intermittently.
36.2 An EM/Power SCA-Resilient AES-256 with Synthesizable Signature Attenuation Using Digital-Friendly Current Source and RO-Bleed-Based Integrated Local Feedback and Global Switched-Mode Control (2021)

Mathematically secure cryptographic algorithms leak side-channel information in the form of correlated power and electromagnetic (EM) signals, leading to physical sidechannel analysis (SCA) attacks. Circuit-level countermeasures against power/EM SCA include current equalizer [1], series LDO [2], IVR [3], enhancing protection up to 10M traces. Recently, current domain signature attenuation [4] and randomized NL-LDO cascaded with arithmetic countermeasures [5] achieved >1B minimum traces to disclosure (MTD) with a single and two countermeasures, respectively. Among these, the highest protection with a single strategy is achieved using signature attenuation [4], [6], which utilized a current source making the supply current mostly constant. While being highly resilient to SCA, [4] required analog-biased cascode current sources and an analog bleed path, making it not easily scalable across different technology generations. Conversely, [2], [5] are synthesizable but a single countermeasure only achieved moderate protection (up to 10M MTD). This work embraces the concept of signature attenuation in the current domain, but makes it fully-synthesizable with digital current sources, control loop and the bleed to increase the MTD from 10M [5] to 250M (25x improvement, Fig. 36.2.1) using a single synthesizable countermeasure. Finally, combining the digital signature attenuation circuit (DSAC) with a second synthesizable generic technique in the form of a time-varying transfer function (TVTF), this work achieves an MTD>1.25B for both EM and power SCA.
In-line dispersion compensation free WDM transmission with low-slope non-zero dispersion-shifted fibre for introduction of 40-Gbit/s (2005)

A transmission line with 240 km of low-slope non-zero dispersion-shifted fibre is proved to enable cost effective upgrade from a completely dispersion compensation free 10-Gbit/s WDM system to an in-line dispersion compensation free 40-Gbit/s WDM system. (2 pages)
Coordinating 3D designs: Interface IP, standards or free form? (2012)

Three dimensional integration technology introduces new complexities to design and particularly codesign. Additional complexity is added when one considers that the design needs to be “future-proof”. How do you ensure that the 3D chip stack will work for future chips within the stack, whose parameters are yet to be fully anticipated. This paper proposes that this be managed through an Interface IP approach Design blocks with associated properties that not only supports signaling and power delivery but also constraints that must be managed between chips both during design but also in-situ and as part of physical verification.
Methylrhenium Oxides: Synthesis from R2O7 and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Metathesis (1988)

Rhenium-containing metathesis catalysts are formed selectively and in good yields from Re2O7 according to (a) and (b). In the presence of SnMe4, all four complexes are catalytically active, while in the absence of SnMe4 only 3, the methyl-richest compound, still catalyzes the metathesis. 2 is the only diamagnetic compound in the series R6–2nReOn; this can be attributed to spin-pairing in the ReRe bond.
Sequencing of the Francisella tularensis Strain Schu 4 Genome Reveals the Shikimate and Purine Metabolic Pathways, Targets for the Construction of a Rationally Attenuated Auxotrophic Vaccine (2000)

Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a serious disease in several Northern hemisphere countries. The organism has fastidious growth requirements and is very poorly understood at the genetic and molecular levels. Given the lack of data on this organism, we undertook the sample sequencing of its genome. A random library of DNA fragments from a highly virulent strain (Schu 4) of F. tularensis was constructed and the nucleotide sequences of 13,904 cloned fragments were determined and assembled into 353 contigs. A total of 1.83 Mb of nucleotide sequence was obtained that had a G+C content of 33.2%. Genes located on plasmids pOM1 and pNFL10, which had been previously isolated from low virulence strains of F. tularensis, were absent but all of the other known F. tularensis genes were represented in the assembled data. F. tularensis Schu4 was able to grow in the absence of aromatic amino acids and orthologues of genes which could encode enzymes in the shikimate pathway in other bacteria were identified in the assembled data. Genes that could encode all of the enzymes in the purine biosynthetic and most of the en- zymes in the purine salvage pathways were also identified. This data will be used to develop defined rationally attenuated mutants of F. tularensis, which could be used as replacements for the existing genetically undefined live vaccine strain.
FakeBook: Detecting Fake Profiles in On-Line Social Networks (2012)

On-line Social Networks (OSNs) are increasingly influencing the way people communicate with each other and share personal, professional and political information. Like the cyberspace in Internet, the OSNs are attracting the interest of the malicious entities that are trying to exploit the vulnerabilities and weaknesses of the OSNs. Increasing reports of the security and privacy threats in the OSNs is attracting security researchers trying to detect and mitigate threats to individual users. With many OSNs having tens or hundreds of million users collectively generating billions of personal data content that can be exploited, detecting and preventing attacks on individual user privacy is a major challenge. Most of the current research has focused on protecting the privacy of an existing online profile in a given OSN. Instead, we note that there is a risk of not having a profile in the last fancy social network! The risk is due to the fact that an adversary may create a fake profile to impersonate a real person on the OSN. The fake profile could be exploited to build online relationship with the friends of victim of identity theft, with the final target of stealing personal information of the victim, via interacting online with the friends of the victim. In this paper, we report on the investigation we did on a possible approach to mitigate this problem. In doing so, we also note that we are the first ones to analyze social network graphs from a dynamic point of view within the context of privacy threats.
Variable-Flux Machine Torque Estimation and Pulsating Torque Mitigation During Magnetization State Manipulation (2014)

This paper focuses on dynamic control, under loaded conditions, of the magnetization state of suitably designed variable-flux (VF) permanent-magnet (PM) machines. Such VF-PM machines have been shown to achieve low loss operation over a wide range of load and speed. For this type of machine, the PM flux linkage varies during the magnetization manipulation process. Published magnetization techniques have occurred at zero load conditions and thus did not generate torque pulsations. However, under loaded conditions, the existing methods would produce unwanted torque pulsation. This paper proposes a parameter insensitive method to solve this issue. This method generates a decoupling current command that is calculated from accurately estimated stator flux linkage. Accurate flux estimation, i.e., insensitive to inductance saturation and PM flux linkage variation (e.g., temperature or magnetization level) is achieved by using the voltage disturbance estimated by a closed-loop stator current vector observer. In both simulations and experiments, it is shown that even during magnetization processes under loaded conditions, the flux can be estimated correctly, and smooth torque output can be achieved.
Influence of particle morphology on catalytic performance of CeO<sub>2</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> for soot oxidation (2015)

The effect of size and morphology of CeO2/ZrO2 catalysts, prepared by impregnation [CZ(IMP)], coprecipitation [CZ(CP)] and deposition–precipitation [CZ(DP)] methods, on the soot oxidation performance was investigated. TEM observation revealed that CeO2 particles are well dispersed with the size of 10 nm on ZrO2 support for CZ(IMP). In case of CZ(CP), the agglomeration of CeO2–ZrO2 solid solution particles was recognized. On the other hand, large CeO2 particles (50 nm) were independently present in CZ(DP). Soot oxidation activity of CeO2/ZrO2 was strongly dependent on the morphology of CeO2 particles and decreased in the order of CZ(IMP) > CZ(CP) > CZ(DP). From isotopic transient kinetics analysis using 18O2, the lattice oxygen in the surface region of CeO2 particles in CZ(IMP) was highly reactive compared with those in the surface and bulk of CeZrOx solid solution in CZ(CP), resulting in high soot oxidation activity.
An optoacoustic system for the measurement of low concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (1980)

The optoacoustic effect, through which absorption of chopped optical energy results in the production of sound at the chopping frequency, has become an important analytical tool during the past decade. High-power lasers, operated at visible and infrared wavelengths, have made possible the generation of measurable acoustic signals through optical absorption by a variety of gases as well as by aerosols and solid materials. Device optimization has been attempted by a number of researchers. Elements of the problem are discussed here in the context of a system intended for the measurement of concentrations of nitrogen dioxide as low as 1 part in l09. Of concern are the use of an acoustically resonant gas cell, reduction of extraneous sound generated where the chopped laser beam passes through cell windows, and enhancement of signal relative to acoustic and electronic noise.
Characterization of the structure and regulation of two novel isoforms of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (1999)

The catalytic domain of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK) is 54% identical with protein kinase B (PKB) and, like PKB, is activated in vitro by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and in vivo in response to signals that activate phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. Here we identify two novel isoforms of SGK, termed SGK2 and SGK3, whose catalytic domains share 80% amino acid sequence identity with each other and with SGK (renamed SGK1). Like SGK1, the mRNA encoding SGK3 is expressed in all tissues examined, but SGK2 mRNA is only present at significant levels in liver, kidney and pancreas and, at lower levels, in the brain. The levels of SGK2 mRNA in H4IIE cells and SGK3 mRNA in Rat2 fibroblasts are not increased by stimulation with serum or dexamethasone, whereas the level of SGK1 mRNA is increased greatly. SGK2 and SGK3 are activated in vitro by PDK1, albeit more slowly than SGK1, and their activation is accompanied by the phosphorylation of Thr193 and Thr253 respectively, the residues equivalent to the Thr in the ‘activation loop’ of PKB that is targeted by PDK1. The PDK1-catalysed phosphorylation and activation of SGK2 and SGK3, like SGK1, is greatly potentiated by mutating Ser356 and Ser419 respectively to Asp, these residues being equivalent to the C-terminal phosphorylation site of PKB. Like SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3 are activated 5-fold via a phosphorylation mechanism when cells are exposed to H2O2 but, in contrast with SGK1, activation is only suppressed partially by inhibitors of PI 3-kinase. SGK2 and SGK3 are activated to a smaller extent by insulin-like growth factor-1 (2-fold) than SGK1 (5-fold). Like PKB and SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3 preferentially phosphorylate Ser and Thr residues that lie in Arg-Xaa-Arg-Xaa-Xaa-Ser/Thr motifs.
All refractory Josephson tunnel junctions fabricated by reactive ion etching (1983)

We have developed a novel process for fabricating all refractory Josephson tunnel junctions whose base and counter electrodes are composed of (Nb-NbN) double-layered films. In this process, tunnel junctions have been isolated using a reactive ion etching from a junction sandwich which had been formed on an entire silicon wafer, and also the reactive ion etching has been used for patterning electrodes and insulation layers in devices. Fabricated junctions have yielded good tunneling characteristics with excellent uniformity and reproducibility. The maximum critical current density was widely changed from 300 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 8 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . All refractory single flux quantum(SFQ) memory cells in a 32×32 arrangement have been integrated with a 2.5 μm minimum linewidth on a chip using this process, and an SFQ cell in the memory array has been successfully operated. The maximum deviation of critical currents in the memory array was measured to be ±6.5%.
Design, Modelling, And Characterization Of Display Compatible Pmut Device (2018)

In this paper, the design, modeling, and characterization of a display compatible pMUT platform are presented. A FEM model is built using COMSOL Multiphysics for evaluating the frequency response, mechanical performance, acoustic pressure, and driving efficiency of our pMUT device across all vibration modes of circular plates. In parallel with it, a first mode analytical model has been developed including electrical, mechanical, and acoustic domains to provide fast estimation for future design. A laser Doppler vibrometer is used to measure the frequency response, displacement, velocity as well as mode shapes of pMUTs with different designs in air. The measured resonance frequency of first mode range from 121.5kHz to 1.1MHz with radius from 500μm to 120μm and fits the prediction of FEM and analytical models. A standard reference microphone is used to measure the acoustic pressure of pMUT inside its frequency range (&lt;125 kHz). The measured acoustic pressure on transverse axis of a 500μm radius pMUT also fits the values from analytical model on acoustic domain.
Security and privacy challenges in IoT-based machine-to-machine collaborative scenarios (2016)

Security is important in IoT as any other computing systems. However, standard solutions are necessary but not sufficient due to the added dimensions of their presence in physical space and the possibility for them to interact. This talk presents a new set of challenges on security in IoT systems that compose synergistically. We illustrate the problems and approaches using collaborative indoor localization on resource-constrained nodes as a representative example.
Ruptured Conus Medullaris Arteriovenous Malformation (2019)

Abstract: Conus medullaris arteriovenous malformations are an exceedingly rare cause of neurological deficit. They occupy the tip of the spinal cord and can generate motor, sensorty, bowel, bladder, or sexual function deficits. Because of the complex vascular supply of the caudal aspect of the spinal cord, which usually includes multiple feeders from both the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, management may be endovascular, microsurgical, or both. Making the proper diagnosis and distinguishing it from other similar pathologies such as arteriovenous fistula is critical. As with other spinal arteriovenous malformations, it is usually not necessary to pursue the nidus into the spinal cord parenchyma at the time of surgery. This chapter discusses the diagnosis and management of this rare disorder.
Semantic Approach To Live Data Mining Using Clustering Technique (2021)

In recent times, Social Networks became ubiquitous in our daily life. These networks can be used to obtain high-volume data related to any given event or topic. Twitter, one of the famous networks, became the wealthy supply of discussed topics. The users on Twitter express their point of views or opinions by tweets concerning different topics in a variety of fields. The data generated on Twitter can be extracted via Sentiment Analysis. In this proposed system, an artificial intelligence concept (NLP) is applied that understands the sentiment of extracted data and polarizes them into positive, negative, or neutral. These polarized data are then grouped based on their similarities and differences through a grouping algorithm. The data obtained is then represented graphically in form of a bar-chart. The information obtained from this text, an analysis based on emotions is used to create daily trends related to the event which is used to identify emerging patterns of this data or the current user sentiments related to the given event or topic.
Chlamydia trachomatisInfection Induces Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule–1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule–1, Providing an Immunologic Link between the Fallopian Tube and Other Mucosal Tissues (2001)

The development of a protective vaccine against the sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may prevent complications associated with insidious infection. Vaccination via the vaginal route may not be practical, and other routes should be investigated. To this end, the adhesion molecules induced on the fallopian tube endothelium during infection with C. trachomatis were characterized. Adhesion molecules were identified in fallopian tube biopsy specimens cultured with 5 x 10(6) infection-forming units of C. trachomatis serovar E. Frozen sections were prepared from these tissues and were stained by immunohistochemical techniques. Infection with live, but not UV-inactivated, C. trachomatis induced a significant increase in levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 but not of other adhesion molecules. Therefore, infection with C. trachomatis induces adhesion molecules that are associated with other mucosal tissues and inflammatory sites, which suggests that mucosal routes of immunization may be effective.