gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization mosaicing: high dynamic range and polarization imaging in a wide field of view (2003)

We present an approach for imaging the polarization state of scene points in a wide field of view, while enhancing the radiometric dynamic range of imaging systems. This is achieved by a simple modification of image mosaicking, which is a common technique in remote sensing. In traditional image mosaics, images taken in varying directions or positions are stitched to obtain a larger image. Yet, as the camera moves, it senses each scene point multiple times in overlapping regions of the raw frames. We rigidly attach to the camera a fixed, spatially varying polarization and attenuation filter. This way, the camera motion-induced multiple measurements per scene point are taken under different optical settings. This is in contrast to the redundant measurements of traditional mosaics. Computational algorithms then analyze the data to extract polarization imaging with high dynamic range across the mosaic field of view. We developed a Maximum Likelihood method to automatically register the images, in spite of the challenging spatially varying effects. Then, we use Maximum Likelihood to handle, in a single framework, variable exposures (due to transmittance variations), saturation, and partial polarization filtering. As a by product, these results enable polarization settings of cameras to change while the camera moves, alleviating the need for camera stability. This work demonstrates the modularity of the Generalized Mosaicing approach, which we recently introduced for multispectral image mosaics. The results are useful for the wealth of polarization imaging applications, in addition to mosaicking applications, particularly remote sensing. We demonstrate experimental results obtained using a system we built.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Olefins from Alcohols by Thermal Rearrangement of Propargylic Xanthates. (2010)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficacy of Exercise and Testosterone to Mitigate Atrophic Cardiovascular Remodeling (2018)

An integrated approach with evaluation of cardiac morphology, mechanics, V˙O2peak, and biomarkers provides extensive phenotyping of cardiovascular atrophic remodeling. Exercise training and exercise training with low-dose testosterone supplementation abrogates atrophic remodeling.
Chromogenic Immuno detection of Human Serum Albumin and α- l -Fucosidase Clones in a Human Hepatoma cDNA Expression Library (1984)

A human hepatoma cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11, a bacteriophage vector that was designed to express cDNA-encoded antigenic determinants in Escherichia coli. The cDNA expression library contained approximately 8 X 10(6) recombinant phages with an average insert size of 780 bp. The feasibility of using a chromogenic immunodetection procedure to isolate cDNA clones was proved by isolating a human serum albumin (HSA) cDNA clone. An approximately 1.0-kb cDNA clone was then isolated by screening the library with rabbit anti-human alpha-L-fucosidase antibodies. The identity of the alpha-L-fucosidase cDNA clone was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis and a comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence to the amino acid sequences of human alpha-L-fucosidase tryptic peptides.
ChemInform Abstract: Tremorgenic Indole Alkaloid Studies. Part 6. Preparation of an Advanced Intermediate for the Synthesis of Penitrem D. Synthesis of an Indole‐Oxocane. (1989)

Abstract An efficient route is described for the synthesis of the tricyclic aniline (XIII) and its transformation into the indole‐oxocane (XX).
Patient level simulation and reinforcement learning to discover novel strategies for treating ovarian cancer (2021)

The prognosis for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer remains dismal despite improvements in survival for other cancers. Treatment involves multiple lines of chemotherapy and becomes increasingly heterogeneous after first-line therapy. Reinforcement learning with real-world outcomes data has the potential to identify novel treatment strategies to improve overall survival. We design a reinforcement learning environment to model epithelial ovarian cancer treatment trajectories and use model free reinforcement learning to investigate therapeutic regimens for simulated patients.
Cascaded Injection of Fabry-Perot Lasers for Improved Performance in ASE Seeded WDM PONs (2012)

Cascaded injection of Fabry-Perot lasers is proposed for improved performance in ASE seeded WDM PONs. Experimental results demonstrated better than 10dB improvement in power budget margin when ASE injection power is low.
Triarylamine-enchained semifluorinated perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA) aryl ether polymers (2014)

A variety of perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA) aryl ether monomers and polymers with enchained triarylamine units were successfully synthesized, characterized and reported here. These polymers are highly thermally stable and show variable thermal properties. Successful conversion of the newly synthesized TAA enchained perfluorocyclopentenyl (PFCP) aryl ether polymers via formylation and EAS demonstrates the synthetic versatility of TAA moiety and provides an excellent option for application specific post polymerization reactions. The cross-linking behavior of PFCP aryl ether polymers was studied under different reaction conditions. The combination of processability, thermal stabilities, and tailorability makes these polymers suitable for a wide variety of applications including electro-optics, proton exchange membranes and super-hydrophobic applications.
High-throughput critical dimensions uniformity (CDU) measurement of two-dimensional (2D) structures using scanning electron microscope (SEM) systems (2011)

In this paper, we tested a novel methodology of measuring critical dimension (CD) uniformity, or CDU, with electron beam (e-beam) hotspot inspection and measurement systems developed by Hermes Microvision, Inc. (HMI). The systems were used to take images of two-dimensional (2D) array patterns and measure CDU values in a custom designated fashion. Because this methodology combined imaging of scanning micro scope (SEM) and CD value averaging over a large array pattern of optical CD, or OCD, it can measure CDU of 2D arrays with high accuracy, high repeatability and high throughput.
Separable functions of the PHD finger protein Spp1 in the Set1 and the meiotic DSB forming complexes cooperate for meiotic DSB formation (2017)

Abstract Histone H3K4 methylation is a feature of meiotic recombination hotspots shared by many organisms including plants and mammals. Meiotic recombination is initiated by programmed double-strand break (DSB) formation that in budding yeast takes place in gene promoters and is promoted by histone H3K4 di/trimethylation. This histone modification is recognized by Spp1, a PHD-finger containing protein that belongs to the conserved histone H3K4 methyltransferase Set1 complex. During meiosis, Spp1 binds H3K4me3 and interacts with a DSB protein, Mer2, to promote DSB formation close to gene promoters. How Set1 complex- and Mer2- related functions of Spp1 are connected is not clear. Here, combining genome-wide localization analyses, biochemical approaches and the use of separation of function mutants, we show that Spp1 is present within two distinct complexes in meiotic cells, the Set1 and the Mer2 complexes. Disrupting the Spp1-Set1 interaction mildly decreases H3K4me3 levels and does not affect meiotic recombination initiation. Conversely, the Spp1-Mer2 interaction is required for normal meiotic recombination initiation, but dispensable for Set1 complex-mediated histone H3K4 methylation. Finally, we evidence that Spp1 preserves normal H3K4me3 levels independently of the Set1 complex. We propose a model where the three populations of Spp1 work sequentially to promote recombination initiation: first by depositing histone H3K4 methylation (Set1 complex), next by “reading” and protecting histone H3K4 methylation, and finally by making the link with the chromosome axis (Mer2-Spp1 complex). This work deciphers the precise roles of Spp1 in meiotic recombination and opens perspectives to study its functions in other organisms where H3K4me3 is also present at recombination hotspots. Author summary Meiotic recombination is a conserved pathway of sexual reproduction that is required to faithfully segregate homologous chromosomes and produce viable gametes. Recombination events between homologous chromosomes are triggered by the programmed formation of DNA breaks, which occur preferentially at places called hotspots. In many organisms, these hotspots are located close to a particular chromatin modification, the methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3). It was previously shown in the budding yeast model that one protein, Spp1, plays an important function in this process. We further explored the functional link between Spp1 and its interacting partners, and show that Spp1 shows genetically separable functions, by depositing the H3K4me3 mark on the chromatin, “reading” and protecting it, and linking it to the recombination proteins. We provide evidence that Spp1 is in three independent complexes to perform these functions. This work opens perspectives for understanding the process in other eukaryotes such as mammals, where most of the proteins involved are conserved.
Imaging of alpha-synuclein oligomerization in mouse brain with split firefly luciferase reporters (2013)

status: Published
Computational investigation of on-line interrogation of pebble bed reactor fuel (2005)

Pebble bed reactors are characterized by multipass fuel systems in which spherical fuel pebbles are circulated through the core until they reach a proposed burnup limit (80000-100000 MWD/MTU). For such reactors, the fuel is assayed on-line to ensure that the burnup limit is not breached. We considered assaying the fuel using an HPGe detector to perform passive gamma-ray spectrometry of fission products. Since neither fresh nor irradiated fuel is readily available, computer simulations were utilized to identify the radionuclides that can be used as burnup indicators, and to visualize the gamma-ray spectra at various levels of burnup. Specifically, we used the ORIGEN-MONTEBURNS-MCNP code system. This allowed the establishment of the burnup dependent one-group gas reactor cross-sections for the radionuclides of interest. Subsequently, ORIGEN was used to simulate in-core pebble depletion to establish the irradiated pebble isotopics. Finally, the codes MCNP and SYNTH were used to simulate the response of the HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The results show that absolute and relative indicators can be used on-line to determine unambiguously the enrichment and burnup on a pebble-by-pebble basis. The activity of Cs-137 or the activity ratio of Co-60/Cs-134 can be combined with the activity ratio of Np-239/I-132 to yield the enrichment and burnup information. To use the relative indicators, a relative efficiency calibration of the gamma-ray spectrometer can be performed using the La-140 gamma lines that are emitted by the irradiated pebble. I-132, Cs-134, Cs-137, La-140, and Np-239 are produced upon the irradiation of the fuel. Co-60 is produced by doping the fuel with a small amount (/spl sim/100 ppm) of Co-59. Using this approach, the uncertainty in burnup determination due to factors such as power history variation, detector efficiency calibration, and counting statistics is expected to remain in the range of /spl plusmn/5% to /spl plusmn/10%.
Cholesterol Crystals Activate the Lectin Complement Pathway via Ficolin-2 and Mannose-Binding Lectin: Implications for the Progression of Atherosclerosis (2016)

Cholesterol crystals (CC) play an essential role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. CC activate the classical and the alternative complement pathways, but the role of the lectin pathway is unknown. We hypothesized that the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) from the lectin pathway bind CC and function as an upstream innate inflammatory signal in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. We investigated the binding of the PRMs mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3, the associated serine proteases, and complement activation products to CC in vitro using recombinant proteins, specific inhibitors, as well as deficient and normal sera. Additionally, we examined the deposition of ficolin-2 and MBL in human carotid plaques by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the lectin pathway was activated on CC by binding of ficolin-2 and MBL in vitro, resulting in activation and deposition of complement activation products. MBL bound to CC in a calcium-dependent manner whereas ficolin-2 binding was calcium-independent. No binding was observed for ficolin-1 or ficolin-3. MBL and ficolin-2 were present in human carotid plaques, and binding of MBL to CC was confirmed in vivo by immunohistochemistry, showing localization of MBL around CC clefts. Moreover, we demonstrated that IgM, but not IgG, bound to CC in vitro and that C1q binding was facilitated by IgM. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that PRMs from the lectin pathway recognize CC and provides evidence for an important role for this pathway in the inflammatory response induced by CC in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Enzyme-Based Artificial Liver Support (2000)

There is an increasing interest in the use of immobilized enzyme reactors for biomedical tasks. Enzymic reactors are most valuable for detoxification purposes, and are considered either as extracorporeal or as implanted blood-contacting devices (1–9). They have been employed to remove specific substances from the blood, or to reduce their abnormally high level, when caused by a malfunctioning metabolism, genetic deficiency, or overdose. For example, reactors with immobilized phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase were used to remove phenylalanine from blood and body tissues (10); in cancer treatment, reactors with immobilized l-asparaginase have been used for treatment of aspargine-sensitive leukemias (11).
Limited Use of Remote Keys for Interconnected CDNs (2016)

Sharing private keys amongst administrative entities raises numerous
issues for end-users, intermediaries and content origins. The IETF
envisions the standardization of protocols to limit the exchange of
private keys (LURK). This document presents CDN Interconnection (CDNI)
use cases based on the Limited Use of Remote Keys (LURK) protocol and
architecture and identifies a set of requirements.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 Blockade in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2004)

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an important costimultory receptor expressed on activated T cells. CTLA-4 blockade using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in conjunction with tumor vaccines has improved tumor responses in animal models and enhanced numerous models of T cell-associated autoimmune diseases. Two patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma vaccinated with the gp 100 melanocyte/melanoma differentiation antigen either before or during anti-CTLA-4 mAb therapy developed uveitis. This is the first report of autoimmune disease involving the eye in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 mAb. This suggests that CTLA-4 is an important regulatory molecule for maintenance of tolerance to melanosomal antigens and prevention of uveitis.
Clinical Characteristics of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Korean Patients with von Hippel-Lindau Disease (2008)

Purpose: To analyze the clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Korean patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Materials and Methods: The clinical characteristics of 21 patients who were diagnosed with VHL disease were analyzed. In patients with RCC related to VHL disease, the clinical characteristics of the tumor, type of pathology and survival were investigated. Results: There were 1,396 patients diagnosed with RCC during the same period. A total of 21 patients were diagnosed with VHL disease. Among the 21 patients with VHL disease, 6 (28.6%) patients had retinal angioma, 18 (85.7%) had cerebellar hemangioblastoma, 15 had pancreatic lesions, including 13 with a pancreatic cyst and two with a pancreatic mass. The mean age of the patients diagnosed with VHL disease was 39.1±13.5 years and for those that were diagnosed with VHL disease with RCC it was 42.5±11.5 years. Thirteen patients (61.9%) had renal lesions and nine (42.9%) had RCC. Five had bilateral RCC and four had unilateral RCC. The presenting symptoms were gross hematuria and flank pain in two patients. The treatment of the RCC included radical nephrectomy in two, radical nephrectomy and target therapy in one, partial nephrectomy in two, IL-2 immunotherapy in one, and target therapy in one. Two were observed without treatment because of severe complications of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. The pathology of the seven patients that had surgery or a biopsy was that of the conventional type RCC. The survival of the patients with VHL with and without RCC was not significantly different. Conclusions: The incidence of RCC in patients with VHL disease was 42.9%, and the incidence of VHL disease in RCC patients was 0.64% in Korea. However, VHL disease in Korea is rare; further extended multiinstitutional studies are needed to determine the characteristics of VHL disease in Korea. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:863-867) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏
Activity of dietary fatty acids on FFA1 and FFA4 and characterisation of pinolenic acid as a dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist with potential effect against metabolic diseases (2015)

Various foods are associated with effects against metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, their mechanisms of action are mostly unclear. Fatty acids may contribute by acting as precursors of signalling molecules or by direct activity on receptors. The medium- and long-chain NEFA receptor FFA1 (free fatty acid receptor 1, previously known as GPR40) has been linked to enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas FFA4 (free fatty acid receptor 4, previously known as GPR120) has been associated with insulin-sensitising and anti-inflammatory effects, and both receptors are reported to protect pancreatic islets and promote secretion of appetite and glucose-regulating hormones. Hypothesising that FFA1 and FFA4 mediate therapeutic effects of dietary components, we screened a broad selection of NEFA on FFA1 and FFA4 and characterised active compounds in concentration-response curves. Of the screened compounds, pinolenic acid, a constituent of pine nut oil, was identified as a relatively potent and efficacious dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist, and its suitability for further studies was confirmed by additional in vitro characterisation. Pine nut oil and free and esterified pure pinolenic acid were tested in an acute glucose tolerance test in mice. Pine nut oil showed a moderately but significantly improved glucose tolerance compared with maize oil. Pure pinolenic acid or ethyl ester gave robust and highly significant improvements of glucose tolerance. In conclusion, the present results indicate that pinolenic acid is a comparatively potent and efficacious dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist that exerts antidiabetic effects in an acute mouse model. The compound thus deserves attention as a potential active dietary ingredient to prevent or counteract metabolic diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of Adenophostin A Analogues via a Base Replacement Strategy. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamics of microscale thin film AlN piezoelectric resonators enables low phase noise UHF frequency sources (2013)

Miniaturized, multi-band and high frequency oscillators that are compatible with CMOS processes are highly desirable for the synthesis of compact, stable, and low power frequency sources for reconfigurable radio frequency communication systems and cognitive radios. Aluminum nitride (AlN) contour mode MEMS resonators (CMR) are emerging devices capable of high Q, low impedance, and multi-frequency operation on a single chip. The frequency stability of these AlN MEMS devices is of primary importance in delivering oscillators that exhibit low phase noise, and low sensitivity to temperature and acceleration. In this article we describe how the resonator dynamics impacts oscillator performance and present some preliminary demonstrations of ultra-high-frequency (UHF) oscillators. An example of an oscillator prototype we synthesized with a 586 MHz AlN CMR exhibited phase noise <; - 91 dBc/Hz and - 160 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and 10 MHz offsets, temperature stability of 2 ppm from - 20 to + 85°C, and acceleration sensitivity <; 30 ppb/G.
Ethanol‐Herstellung mit Bakterien (1987)

Abstract Ethanol production with bacteria . Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have mostly been used for the production of ethanol from sugar by yeasts. Recently it was shown that the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis has some advantages compared to yeast for the production of industrial alcohol. Compared to traditional yeast fermentation, ethanol yield is about 5% higher than with yeast, since less sugar is incorporated into cell material by this bacterium. Like yeast, Zymomonas mobilis has remarkably high ethanol tolerance which enables the bacterium to produce ethanol concentrations of more than 13 vol.‐% from sugar solutions of appropriate concentration. Investigations of the spectrum of lipids present have shown that this bacterium contains large quantities of hopanoids which are presumably of significance for the stabilization of cell membranes in the presence of ethanol. Since the cost of the sugar greatly influences the profitability fraction formed in the production of glucose syrup from wheat flour was investigated. It was shown that after enzymatic saccharification of this waste starch the glucose was efficiently fermented to ethanol by Zymomonas mobilis . It is planned to broaden the substrate spectrum of Zymomonas mobilis by gene cloning techniques so that in future pentoses, e. g. xylose or arabinose, can also be fermented to ethanol by this organism.
Role of Chlorine Dioxide in N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation from Oxidation of Model Amines (2015)

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is an emerging disinfection byproduct, and we show that use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) has the potential to increase NDMA formation in waters containing precursors with hydrazine moieties. NDMA formation was measured after oxidation of 13 amines by monochloramine and ClO2 and pretreatment with ClO2 followed by postmonochloramination. Daminozide, a plant growth regulator, was found to yield 5.01 ± 0.96% NDMA upon reaction with ClO2, although no NDMA was recorded during chloramination. The reaction rate was estimated to be ∼0.0085 s(-1), and on the basis of our identification by mass spectrometry of the intermediates, the reaction likely proceeds via the hydrolytic release of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), with the hydrazine structure a key intermediate in NDMA formation. The presence of UDMH was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. For 10 of the 13 compounds, ClO2 preoxidation reduced NDMA yields compared with monochloramination alone, which is explained by our measured release of dimethylamine. This work shows potential preoxidation strategies to control NDMA formation may not impact all organic precursors uniformly, so differences might be source specific depending upon the occurrence of different precursors in source waters. For example, daminozide is a plant regulator, so drinking water that is heavily influenced by upstream agricultural runoff could be at risk.