gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pb-Based Dielectric Ceramics with a Small Temperature Coefficient of Dielectric Constant Firable in Low Oxygen Partial Pressures (1990)

Dielectric properties of ceramics in the system Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-SrTiO3 that contained Pb(Cu, Mn, Nb)O3 were studied. Comparing with Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-SrTiO3 binary system, temperature coefficient of dielectric constant decreased by incorporating Pb(Cu, Mn, Nb)O3. This is probably because the atomic species forming perovskite increased then the phase transition of dielectrics got more diffused. Cu1+ emphasized this effect than Cu2+ or another atoms. Furthermore, we found Cu or Mn promoted aging of dielectrics and changed the temperature dependence curve of dielectric constant to a double peak. The ceramics developed in the system Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-SrTiO3-Pb{(Cu1-xMnx)1/3Nb2/3}O3 had a high density and a high resistivity when fired in atmospheres of low oxygen partial pressure below 1000°C. The ceramics had a high dielectric constant (>4000), a small temperature coefficient of dielectric constant (within 10% between -25° and +85°C when standardizing at 20°C; meeting YB specification of JIS), and a smaller change rate of dielectric constant under DC bias voltage than conventional BaTiO3. The ceramics obtained are useful as dielectrics for multilayer ceramic capacitors with copper internal electrodes.
Depth-conditioned Dynamic Message Propagation for Monocular 3D Object Detection (2021)

The objective of this paper is to learn context- and depth- aware feature representation to solve the problem of monocular 3D object detection. We make following contributions: (i) rather than appealing to the complicated pseudo-LiDAR based approach, we propose a depth-conditioned dynamic message propagation (DDMP) network to effectively integrate the multi-scale depth information with the image context; (ii) this is achieved by first adaptively sampling context-aware nodes in the image context and then dynamically predicting hybrid depth-dependent filter weights and affinity matrices for propagating information; (Hi) by augmenting a center-aware depth encoding (CDE) task, our method successfully alleviates the inaccurate depth prior; (iv) we thoroughly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach and show state-of-the-art results among the monocular-based approaches on the KITTI benchmark dataset. Particularly, we rank 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> in the highly competitive KITTI monocular 3D object detection track on the submission day (November 16th, 2020). Code and models are released at https: //github.com/fudan-zvg/DDMP
Modulation of the Function of the Signal Receptor Domain of XylR, a Member of a Family of Prokaryotic Enhancer-Like Positive Regulators (1998)

The XylR protein controls expression from the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid upper pathway operon promoter (Pu) in response to aromatic effectors. XylR-dependent stimulation of transcription from a Pu::lacZ fusion shows different induction kinetics with different effectors. With toluene, activation followed a hyperbolic curve with an apparent K of 0.95 mM and a maximum beta-galactosidase activity of 2,550 Miller units. With o-nitrotoluene, in contrast, activation followed a sigmoidal curve with an apparent K of 0.55 mM and a Hill coefficient of 2.65. m-Nitrotoluene kept the XylR regulator in an inactive transcriptional form. Therefore, upon binding of an effector, the substituent on the aromatic ring leads to productive or unproductive XylR forms. The different transcriptional states of the XylR regulator are substantiated by XylR mutants. XylRE172K is a mutant regulator that is able to stimulate transcription from the Pu promoter in the presence of m-nitrotoluene; however, its response to m-aminotoluene was negligible, in contrast with the wild-type regulator. These results illustrate the importance of the electrostatic interactions in effector recognition and in the stabilization of productive and unproductive forms by the regulator upon aromatic binding. XylRD135N and XylRD135Q are mutant regulators that are able to stimulate transcription from Pu in the absence of effectors, whereas substitution of Glu for Asp135 in XylRD135E resulted in a mutant whose ability to recognize effectors was severely impaired. Therefore, the conformation of mutant XylRD135Q as well as XylRD135N seemed to mimic that of the wild-type regulator when effector binding occurred, whereas mutant XylRD135E seemed to be blocked in a conformation similar to that of wild-type XylR and XylRE172K upon binding to an inhibitor molecule such as m-nitrotoluene or m-aminotoluene.
Design of a Hyperpolarized Molecular Probe for Detection of Aminopeptidase N Activity (2015)

Aminopeptidase N (APN) is an important enzyme that is involved in tumor angiogenesis. Detection of APN activity can thus lead to early diagnosis and elucidation of tumor development. Although some molecular probes for APN have been developed, the detection of APN activity in opaque biological samples remains a challenge. To this end, we designed a hyperpolarized NMR probe [1-(13) C]Ala-NH2 which satisfies the prerequisites for APN detection, namely, sufficient retention of the hyperpolarized state, a high reactivity to APN, and an APN-induced chemical shift change. The [1-(13) C]Ala-NH2 probe allowed sensitive detection of APN activity using (13) C NMR spectroscopy.
More than an accessory: implications of type III transforming growth factor‐β receptor loss in prostate cancer (2010)

The type III transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGFbetaR3, betaglycan), a tumour suppressor, is the most frequently lost TGFbeta pathway component. This event appears to be very important in the transition of the TGFbeta pathway from having tumour-suppressor activity in early prostate tumour development, to having tumour-promoting activity in metastatic disease. Moreover, loss of the TGFbetaR3 can also affect the cellular response towards testosterone, inhibin/activin, and dysregulate growth-factor pathways that mediate growth and angiogenesis. In this review we discuss how TGFbetaR3 normally functions as an accessory protein in the TGFbeta pathway, how its loss is related to tumour progression, and the treatment implications of TGFbetaR3 loss in individuals with prostate cancer.
The Extracellular Portion of HLA‐DR α Chain is Composed of Two Compactly Folded Domains (1987)

A truncated form of the class II antigen DR alpha chain of the human major histocompatibility complex was produced in bacteria. A cDNA clone encoding the intact chain was modified so that the segment encoding the signal sequence was replaced by an ATG codon and the 3' region downstream to the part corresponding to the third exon was replaced by a stop codon. The new construct was put under the control of the Tac promoter in a bacterial expression vector. The distance between the Shine-Delgarno sequence and the initiation codon was randomized so that clones with optimal expression of the truncated DR alpha chain could be obtained after induced expression and immunoscreening. The truncated DR alpha chain was subjected to limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin, and the resulting cleavage products were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two fragments were visualized by western blotting. Electrophoresis in the absence and presence of reducing agents suggested that one of the proteolytic fragments contained a disulphide bridge. It is concluded that the extracellular portion of the DR alpha chain is composed of two compactly folded domains connected by an extended stretch of the polypeptide chain.
A programmable laboratory testbed in support of evaluation of functional brain activation (2012)

• Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) • Complementary sensing technologies with desirable attributes: • Inherently compact form factor • Sensitivity to hemodynamic (NIRS) and bioelectric (EEG) phenomenologies associated with neuroactivation. • BUT, experimental phantom-based systems, analogous to those routinely used to evaluate structural imaging methods, currently are unavailable • Important for the development of functional imaging applications based on NIRS or EEG, or both in combination • Would be used to quantitatively assess the accuracy of derived functional information. • To address this need, we have undertaken a technology integration effort with the following aims: • Ability to initiate and recover complex macroscopic behaviors that, in general, are not directly observable • Implement the modeled behavior in a longitudinally stable, anthropomorphic head form that supports translation from laboratory-based to subject-based studies. • The first aim is addressed by manufacturing programmable dynamic phantoms for hemodynamic and bioelectric studies • Device has an anthropomorphic form similar to one we reported several years ago [1], but: • Important added feature is a hermitically sealed, conducting brain space that is stabilized against biological degradation. • Brain compartment contains programmable source elements—electrochromic cells (ECC) and electric dipoles—that can be precisely controlled electronically. • Manipulation of the voltage across ECC leads changes its opacity, as a way of mimicking time-varying blood volume or oxygen saturation. • The dipoles can be used similarly to model time-varying EEG sources. • The second objective is accomplished by employing the same sensing devices, headgear, and analysis resources used in humanor animal-subject studies to explore the programmable validating environment, or testbed.
Potential thermo-mechanical substrate damage in nanoparticle removal with pulsed lasers (2003)

Abstract Difficulties associated with the removal of nanoparticles with traditional cleaning methods have been widely discussed and reported in the literature. It has been projected that the minimum feature sizes of semiconductor devices by the year 2008 will be reduced to 70 nm. Laser cleaning as an emerging technique has been gaining momentum in recent years. The two main features of the laser methods: its dry and non-contact nature, make it particular attractive. However, as damage in pulsed laser processing has been an issue in micro-manufacturing applications, so concerns about damage in laser cleaning applications must also be adequately addressed. In laser cleaning, detachment often is achieved by creating a normal inertial force exerted on the particle due to the normal surface acceleration under a rapid laser thermal loading. The value of the required detachment acceleration is proportional to 1/D 2 (D: particle diameter). In this study, the onset of thermal and mechanical substrate damage in nanoparticle removal has been computationally studied for silicon and copper substrates. The maximum and minimum values of the components of the acceleration vector and axisymmetric stress tensor as well as the temperature are computed at various points on the substrate surface and in the interior of the substrate. The minimum and maximum values of the thermoelastic quantities along the radial and axial directions have been reported. It is computationally determined and demonstrated that the type of first-damage depends on the substrate and particle material properties as well as particle diameter. Keywords: Nanoparticlesthermo-mechanical damagelaser cleaningparticle removallaser ultra-sonicsmicro-manufacturingnano-manufacturing.
Biodegradation of a PAH Mixture by Native Subsurface Microbiota (2002)

Laboratory microcosm studies were conducted to estimate biodegradation rates for a mixture of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs). Static microcosms were assembled using soil samples from two locations collected at a No. 2 fuel oil-contaminated site in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Virginia. In microcosms from one location, five PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene) biodegraded at net first-order rates of 1.08, 1.45, 1.13, 1.11, and 1.12 yr−1, respectively. No observable lag period was noted and degradation in live microcosms ceased with the depletion of oxygen and sulfate after 125 days. In microcosms from a second location, net first-order biodegradation rates after an approximately 2-month lag period were 2.41, 3.28, and 2.98 yr−1 for fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, respectively. Acenaphthene and benzo(b)fluoranthene mass loss rates in the live microcosms were not statistically different from mass loss rates in control microcosms. Stoichiometric mass balance calculations indicate that the dominant PAH mass loss mechanism was aerobic biodegradation, while abiotic losses (attributed to micropore diffusion and oxidative coupling) ranged from 15 to 33% and biotic losses from sulfate-reduction accounted for 7 to 10% of PAH mass loss. Stoichiometric equations that include biomass yield are presented for PAH oxidation under aerobic and sulfate-reducing conditions.
A Fission Fragment Reactor Concept for Nuclear Space Propulsion (1991)

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has proposed a new nuclear thermal propulsion concept that uses fission fragments to directly heat the propellant up to 1000K or higher above the material temperatures. The concept offers significant advantages over traditional solid core nuclear rocket concepts because of higher propellant exit temperatures while at the same time providing for more reliable operation due to lower structure temperatures and lower power densities. The concept can be operated in either steady state or pulsed modes. The engine consists of tubular modules, each with its own pressure boundary and rocket nozzle. The steady state mode requires a large engine with a reflector for criticality, provides high thrust and high ISP. The pulse mode utilizes a driver reactor for criticality, can be considerably smaller with lower but scaleable thrust. The pulse mode does require an external heat radiator for reactor cooling, which limits its duty cycle.
A Spatially AdaptiveWiener Filter for Reflectance Estimation (2008)

Wiener filtering has many applications in the area of imaging science. In image processing, for instance, it is a common way of reducing Gaussian noise. In color science it is often used to estimate reflectances from camera response data on a pixel by pixel basis. Based on a priori assumptions the Wiener filter is the optimal linear filter in the sense of the minimal mean square error to the actual data. In this paper we propose a spatially adaptive Wiener filter to estimate reflectances from images captured by a multispectral camera. The filter estimates pixel noise using local spatial neighborhood and uses this knowledge to estimate a spectral reflectance. In the hypothetical case of a noiseless system, the spatially adaptive Wiener filter equals the standard Wiener filter for reflectance estimation. We present results of various simulation experiments conducted on a multispectral image database using a 6-channel acquisition system and different noise levels.
Synthetic Inorganic Materials (2000)

Catalysts, coatings, and structural components are some of the applications of the synthetic inorganic materials described here, which range from zeolites to carbides and nitrides. The in-situ growth of β-Si3N4 whiskers from α-Si3N4 grains is depicted the Figure. Self-reinforced silicon nitride results, as the whiskers impart increased fracture toughness to the ceramic.
Extrinsic Innervation of the Cat Prostate Gland: A Combined Tracing and Immunohistochemical Study (1997)

First, clinical reports suggested that sensory innervation of the prostate would be purely nociceptive in nature (implied by small, peptide-IR neurons). However, the present study suggests that there may also be a substantial, presumably non-nociceptive, afferent innervation (implied by findings of large, non-IR neurons). Second, 3 sources of autonomic efferent innervation exist, each being different in the distribution of transmitter phenotypes. Understanding the physiological role of putative non-nociceptive primary afferent neurons, and the differential roles of the various autonomic neurons, is likely to be important in developing therapies for the treatment of prostatic diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatodynia.
Enhancement of plasma protein adsorption and osteogenesis of hMSCs by functionalized siloxane coatings for titanium implants (2017)

A series of sol-gel derived silicon based coatings were developed to improve the osseointegration of commercial titanium dental implants. The osseointegration starts with a positive interaction between the implant surface and surrounding tissues, which is facilitated by the adsorption of plasma proteins onto the biomaterial surface immediately after implantation. It is likely that the enhancement of protein adsorption to titanium implants leads to a better implant/tissue integration. In addition, silica based biomaterials have been shown to promote osteoblast differentiation. To improve the protein adsorption and the osteogenesis, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and gelatin were selected to coat titanium surfaces. Compared with non-coated titanium, the functionalized coatings enhanced the adsorption of adhesive proteins such as fibronectin and collagen. The Si release was successfully modulated by the control of the chemical composition of the coating, showing a higher dissolution rate with the gelatin and GPTMS incorporation. While the roughness of commercial implants seemed to promote the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the osteogenic differentiation was greater on surfaces with Si-coatings. In this study, an improved osteogenic surface has been achieved by using the siloxane-gelatin coatings and such coatings can be used in dental implants to promote osseointegration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1138-1147, 2018.
ChemInform Abstract: d,l‐ and meso‐Isochrysohermidin: Total Synthesis and Interstrand DNA Cross‐Linking. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural analyses of a PX-type, Nb-1Zr/C-103 vapor-anode AMTEC cell (2002)

Nb-1Zr/C-103 PX-type AMTEC cells were proposed for future space power applications and shown to have a specific mass of 19.7 g/We. In this paper, linear stress and buckling analyses of these cells, while mounted in the radioisotope generator configuration proposed by AMPS, are performed. The stress and buckling analyses are performed using the Algor finite element analysis software. The stress analyses results indicated that the total induced Von Mises stresses in the structural support members of the cells will not exceed 86% of the temperature dependent yield stresses, suggesting that no permanent deformation should be expected during launch. The buckling analysis indicated the need to use reinforcing ribs on the cell wall and to decrease the pressure of the inert cover gas in the generator to 125 kPa. The total mass of the ribbed Nb-1Zr/C-103 cell increased by 5.0% from 163.4 g to 171.5 g, while its specific mass at the predicted maximum electric power of 8.0 W/sub e/ is 21.3 g/W/sub e/.
Hybrid Current-/Voltage-Mode Control Scheme for Distributed AC-Stacked PV Inverter With Low-Bandwidth Communication Requirements (2017)

This paper shows the feasibility of a novel decentralized control scheme for the grid-tied ac-stacked photovoltaic (PV) inverter architecture. The proposed decentralized control scheme with low-bandwidth communications requirements enables a fully distributed PV inverter architecture. Detailed modeling and theoretical analyses will be provided to support the existence of such decentralized control scheme. Simulation and experimental results on a representative laboratory-scale prototype will be presented under symmetrical and asymmetrical conditions as well as 10% grid voltage sag to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in different operating conditions.
Man-portable vector EMI instrument data characterization using the NSMS method (2009)

The Man Portable Vector (MPV) instrument is a time-domain handheld electromagnetic induction (EMI) instrument with five vector receivers and subcentimeter positioning accuracy. For cued interrogations, the MPV is designed to discriminate unexploded ordnance (UXO) from non-UXO using models ranging from the simple dipole model to physically complete models such as the Normalized Surface Magnetic Source (NSMS) method. The MPV acquires both EMI data and position at a 10Hz sampling rate resulting in 150 data points per second at each of a user selectable number time channels (typically 30-90) starting at 100 microseconds. Several factors might limit the usefulness of this data under real world conditions including an excess of usable data, noise in the position data, and insufficient coverage of anomalies. In this paper, we investigate the impact these factors have on the accuracy of discrimination results based on both static and dynamic MPV data. We investigate the effect of using only a subset of the data along with averaging techniques to reduce the amount of MPV data from a single anomaly. In addition, we inject various levels of noise into the position of the MPV in order to gauge the robustness of the discrimination results. Data is also selectively considered based on number of receivers and vector component(s). Results suggest that remarkably few data points are required for accurate discrimination results and that the vector receivers and low hardware noise of the MPV lead to robust results even with sparse data or noisy positional data.
Synthesis and biological property of .ALPHA.-human atrial natriuretic peptide analogs with a constrained or stereochemically modified cyclic moiety. (1990)

Conformationally restricted analogs of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) containing L- or D-penicillamine, or D-cysteine in place of cysteine residues at positions 7 and 23 were synthesized by the liquid phase procedure. Their biological properties in the assays of receptor binding and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation employing rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), vasorelaxant activity using rat isolated aorta were evaluated. We found that the constrained and/or stereochemically altered ring moiety generally did not influence the receptor binding activity, however, cGMP accumulation and vasorelaxant activities were quite sensitive to conformational perturbation. Furthermore, a lack of correlation between cGMP accumulation activity and vasorelaxant activity was observed. Dissociation between these activities was typical in the case of [DPen7,23]-alpha-hANP(7-28), which showed quite weak vasorelaxant activity in spite of its full cGMP accumulation and receptor binding potencies. This result suggests that cGMP accumulation alone is not sufficient to promote ANP-induced vasorelaxation, and that the other second messenger(s) may mediate this activity.
L-α-Aminoadipic Acid from L-Glutamic Acid (1988)

Abstract A convenient procedure for the preparation of L-α-aminoadipic acid from L-glutamic acid is described.
Reducing the pain of childhood vaccination: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (summary) (2010)

Injections for vaccinations, the most common source of iatrogenic pain in childhood,[1][1] are administered at multiple times to almost all Canadian children throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence.[2][2] The pain associated with such injections is a source of distress for children, their