gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical force sensing for teleoperation and assembly robotics (1997)

This paper presents a force sensor especially developed for teleoperation and assembly robotics. This sensor measures the deformation of a proof material with infrared optoelectronic components. It is able to measure up to six components: three forces and three torques along perpendicular axes. After a short overview of related work in this area, we describe the principle of the sensor with a simple sensor measuring an axial force up to 50 N. We use it for the force feedback control of a gripper finger. The force applied by the finger tip is compared to the force applied by the operator on an actuator. This permits a remote grasp feeling. We then explain how to extend this principle to a six-component sensor. It is compact (25x40 mm), light (100 gr) and robust (500 % overload). The range is up to 50 N for forces and 1 Nm for torques. As the sensor can be applied in a wide range of applications, we present the current developments to extend its possibilities: extension of the measuring range and resistance to nuclear irradiations.
CCNx 1.0 Collection Synchronization with Secure Catalogs (2014)

We describe methods to secure Sync with Exact Names. The first method uses hash chains. The second method uses secure catalogs.
An Analog Neural Network Processor with (1991)

The architecture, implementation, and applications of a special-purpose neural network processor are described. The chip performs over 2000 multiplications and additions simultaneously. Its data path is particularly suitable for the convolutional topologies that are typical in classification net- works, but can also be configured for fully connected or feed- back topologies. Resources can be multiplexed to permit imple- mentation of networks with several hundreds of thousands of connections on a single chip. Computations are performed with 6-b accuracy for the weights and 3 h for the neuron states. Analog processing is used internally for reduced power dissipa- tion and higher density, but all input/output is digital to simplify system integration. The practicality of the chip is demonstrated with an implementation of a neural network for optical character recognition. This network contains over 130000 connections and is evaluated in 1 ms.
Analysis of the competition between wired, DSL and wireless users in an access network (2005)

This paper analyzes the performance of a large population composed of several classes of long lived TCP flows experiencing packet losses due to random transmission errors and to congestion created by the sharing of a common tail-drop or RED bottleneck router. Each class has a different transmission error rate. This setting is used to analyze the competition between wired and wireless users in an access network, where one class (the wired class) has no or small (like BER in DSL) transmission error losses whereas the other class has higher transmission error losses, or the competition between DSL flows using different coding schemes. We propose a natural and simple model for the joint throughput evolution of several classes of TCP flows under such a mix of losses. Two types of random transmission error losses are considered: one where losses are Poisson and independent of the rate of the flow, and one where the losses are still Poisson but with an intensity that is proportional to the rate of the source. We show that the large population model where the population tends to infinity has a threshold (given in closed form) below which there are no congestion losses at all in steady state, and above which there is a stationary limiting regime in which we can compute both the mean value and the distribution of the rate obtained by each class of flow. We also show that the maximum mean value for the aggregated rate is achieved at the threshold.
Optical Encoding of Silver Zeolite Microcarriers (2009)

Highly resolved fluorescent patterns are generated in an individual silver-exchanged K-A zeolite crystal using two-photon excitation (see figure). The high stability, brightness, and spatial resolution of the patterns are an important advantage over the current state-of-the-art techniques in optical encoding of microcarriers. Therefore, this material shows high potential as a quality and/or safety label to prevent counterfeiting or as an advanced biolabel.
Tolerancing of free form elements considering manufacturing characteristics (2012)

Recent developments in design algorithm allow the calculation of free form surfaces that generate a picture in the target plane with the help of one optical surface. In contrast to conventional imaging, light modulation is done by a ray-optical redistribution of the incident light which is comparable to incoherent beam shaping. Such picture-generating surfaces normally exhibit very complex surface sags, that are manufactured using diamond turning machining. The knowledge of manufacturing tolerances is important to generate the desired intensity distribution with the required accuracy and at the same time reduce manufacturing effort. However, compared to the tolerancing of conventional optical elements (e.g. spheres), the tolerancing of picture-generating free form optical elements is a demanding task. The complexity of their surface shapes and the target intensity distribution are challenging considering the finding of tolerance parameters and performance criteria. Tolerance parameters strongly depend on the manufacturing process. Therefore they can be obtained by a detailed analysis of their manufacturing process. In this contribution we focused on picture-generating free form optical elements manufactured using diamond turning with slow tool servo support. Astigmatism and spherical aberration are typical manufacturing errors caused by this tool exhibiting low spatial frequency. Errors with middle to high spatial frequency have not been investigated so far. Conventional software tools for tolerancing, as e.g. implemented in Zemax, provide only such tolerance parameters as radius, thickness or tilt, corresponding to conventional manufacturing methods of classical optical elements (e.g. spheres). Therefore we implemented a software tool developed in Matlab and using Zemax for raytracing in order to perform sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analysis. Conventional performance criteria like spot radius or wavefront error to evaluate the tolerance analysis cannot be applied for picture-generating free from elements. Consequently, other performance criteria were investigated. The correlation between the desired and the generated intensity distribution was chosen to be an appropriate performance criterion for the tolerancing analysis.
Coherent MAP detection of DQPSK signals in non-ISI channels (2003)

Both IS-136 and PDC digital cellular systems employ forward error correction (FEC) encoding followed by a form of DQPSK modulation. To optimize FEC decoder performance at the receiver, soft information from the DQPSK demodulator is required. For frequency nonselective fading channels, which occur often in these systems, coherent demodulation optimizes performance. In this paper, we derive the maximum a posteriori (MAP) bit estimate for DQPSK modulation in non-ISI channels, assuming knowledge of the channel response. The MAP estimator forms a bit log-likelihood ratio, which provides the optimal "soft information" for MLSE or MAP convolutional decoding. Both single and multiantenna receivers are considered. MAP estimation requires exponentiation and logarithm operations, as well as knowledge of the noise covariance. To reduce complexity, two approximate forms are developed which avoid the exponentiation and logarithm operations. If the noise has the same power on each antenna and is uncorrelated between antennas, then knowledge of the noise covariance is also not needed. Performance of the optimal and approximate schemes is evaluated via simulation for single and multi-channel receivers under static and frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading conditions. The approximate approaches are shown to be within 0.5 dB of the optimal approach and to outperform existing approaches.
Concise Review: Patient-Specific Stem Cells to Interrogate Inherited Eye Disease (2015)

Whether we are driving to work or spending time with loved ones, we depend on our sense of vision to interact with the world around us. Therefore, it is understandable why blindness for many is feared above death itself. Heritable diseases of the retina, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa, are major causes of blindness worldwide. The recent success of gene augmentation trials for the treatment of RPE65-associated Leber congenital amaurosis has underscored the need for model systems that accurately recapitulate disease. With the advent of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), researchers are now able to obtain disease-specific cell types that would otherwise be unavailable for molecular analysis. In the present review, we discuss how the iPSC technology is being used to confirm the pathogenesis of novel genetic variants, interrogate the pathophysiology of disease, and accelerate the development of patient-centered treatments. Significance: Stem cell technology has created the opportunity to advance treatments for multiple forms of blindness. Researchers are now able to use a person's cells to generate tissues found in the eye. This technology can be used to elucidate the genetic causes of disease and develop treatment strategies. In the present review, how stem cell technology is being used to interrogate the pathophysiology of eye disease and accelerate the development of patient-centered treatments is discussed.
ChlaDub1 ofChlamydia trachomatissuppresses NF-κB activation and inhibits IκBα ubiquitination and degradation (2008)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes various human diseases, including blindness caused by ocular infection and sexually transmitted diseases resulting from urogenital infection. After infecting host cells, Chlamydiae avoid alarming the host's immune system. Among the immune evasion mechanisms, Chlamydiae can inhibit NF-kappaB activation, a crucial pathway for host inflammatory responses. In this study, we show that ChlaDub1, a deubiquitinating and deNeddylating protease from C. trachomatis, is expressed in infected cells. In transfection experiments, ChlaDub1 suppresses NF-kappaB activation induced by several pro-inflammatory stimuli and binds the NF-kappaB inhibitory subunit IkappaBalpha, impairing its ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, we provide further insight into the mechanism by which C. trachomatis may evade the host inflammatory response by demonstrating that ChlaDub1, a protease produced by this microorganism, is capable of inhibiting IkappaBalpha degradation and blocking NF-kappaB activation.
Chemical Space Exploration around Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one Scaffold Led to a Novel Class of Highly Active Clostridium difficile Inhibitors (2019)

<i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infection in the United States. Therefore, development of novel treatments for CDI is a high priority. Toward this goal, we began in vitro screening of a structurally diverse in-house library of 67 compounds against two pathogenic <i>C. difficile</i> strains (ATCC BAA 1870 and ATCC 43255), which yielded a hit compound, 2-methyl-8-nitroquinazolin-4(3<i>H</i>)-one (<b>2</b>) with moderate potency (MIC = 312/156 μM). Optimization of <b>2</b> gave lead compound <b>6a</b> (2-methyl-7-nitrothieno[3,2-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4(3<i>H</i>)-one) with improved potency (MIC = 19/38 μM), selectivity over normal gut microflora, CC<sub>50</sub>s > 606 μM against mammalian cell lines, and acceptable stability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Further optimization of <b>6a</b> at C2-, N3-, C4-, and C7-positions resulted in a library of >50 compounds with MICs ranging from 3 to 800 μM against clinical isolates of <i>C. difficile</i>. Compound <b>8f</b> (MIC = 3/6 μM) was identified as a promising lead for further optimization.
Digital-detection probability of fluctuating pulsed radar signals (Corresp.) (1969)

This correspondence describes the digital-detection (binary integration, double threshold detection) properties for a fluctuating radar echo, assuming the Rice distribution for signal plus noise. Calculation results make clear the transition of detection properties from the nonfluctuating case to the extreme fluctuating case.
Direct Learning Neural Controller Tuned by a Real Number Genetic Algorithm (2002)

Abstract This paper establishes the utility of a real number genetic algorithm (RGA) for direct learning neural control. The controller has a hierazchical structure where the leazning algorithm, RGA, is the higher level and a feedback neural controller is the lower. The salient characteristics of the controller are 1) learning capabilities to improve plant tracking performance from one repetition to the next, 2) little or no prior knowledge of the plant dynamics is required, and 3) no need for online plant identification. The proposed controller is validated on two nonlineaz plants in simulation. Results also include effects of changing the structure of the neural controller on trajectory tracking.
Risk prediction models for the development of diabetes in Mauritian Indians (2009)

A diabetes prediction model based on obesity and family history yielded moderate discrimination in Mauritian Indians, which was slightly inferior to the model with the FPG but may be useful in low-income countries to promote identification of people at high risk of diabetes.
Primary Aldosteronism: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management (2003)

Aldosterone, the major circulating mineralocorticoid, is a steroid hormone produced exclusively in the zona glomerulosa. The major regulators of aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion are the renin-angiotensin system and potasssium ion concentrations. Minor regulators include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary, atrial natriuretic peptide from the heart, and dopamine secreted locally in the adrenal. A number of aldosterone precursors, including deoxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone, have mineralocorticoid activity, and their hypersecretion in various pathological states may produce or exacerbate features typical of mineralocorticoid hypertension. Aldosterone acts mainly on the distal nephron, although several other sites of sodium reabsorption exist.
Exploiting acoustic feature correlations by joint neural vector quantizer design in a discrete HMM system (2002)

In previous work about hybrid speech recognizers with discrete HMMs we have shown that VQs, that are trained according to a maximum mutual information (MMI) criterion, are well suited for ML estimated Bayes classifiers. This is only valid for single VQ systems. In this paper we extend the theory to speech recognizers with multiple VQs. This leads to a joint training criterion for arbitrary multiple neural VQs that considers the inter VQ correlation during parameter estimation. The idea of a gradient based joint training method is derived. Experimental results indicate that inter VQ correlations can cause some degradation of recognition performance. The joint multiple VQ training decorrelates the quantizer labels and improves system performance. In addition the new training criterion allows for a less careful way of splitting up the feature vector into multiple streams that do not have to be statistically independent. In particular the use of highly correlated features in conjunction with the novel training criterion in the experiments leads to important gains in recognition performance for the speaker independent resource management database and gives the lowest error rate of 5.0% we ever obtained in this framework.
Design and Synthesis of Asymmetric Acyclic Phospholipid Bolaamphiphiles (2005)

[structure: see text] A synthetic route was devised for the generation of asymmetric lipid bolaamphiphiles through the sequential esterification of an alkyldioic acid, bearing distinct terminal protecting groups, with propanylamine and lyso-phosphatidylcholine headgroups. Bolaamphiphile self-assembly was investigated in solvent mixes of varying polarity by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as well as in water by cryo-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (cryo-HRSEM). We anticipate that asymmetric lipid bolaamphiphiles will provide facile building blocks for engineering a variety of unique membrane-mimetic structures.
NeuroChat with Professor Erin Calipari (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNeuroChat with Professor Erin CalipariCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2019, 10, 6, 2623–2624Publication Date (Web):June 19, 2019Publication History Published online19 June 2019Published inissue 19 June 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00181https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00181editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views574Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (801 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Circuits,Neuroscience Get e-Alerts
First-Zone Distance Relaying Algorithm of Parallel Transmission Lines for Cross-Country Nonearthed Faults (2011)

Those transmission lines that are on the same tower present unique problems to distance relays, especially for cross-country faults. In this paper, a novel first-zone distance relaying algorithm of parallel lines using only single-line sampling data is proposed for cross-country nonearthed faults. The relation between six phase currents and six sequence currents of parallel lines is derived. Moreover, the sequence currents of the adjacent parallel line at the relay location are expressed only by the sequence currents of the concerned line. Finally, the distance relaying algorithm using the one-end sampling data from the concerned line is presented. The computer simulations with PSCAD/EMTDC software and practical transmission-line parameters are carried out. The results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain the accurate measuring impedance for cross-country nonearthed faults and the accuracy is not affected by fault resistances, load currents, and source impedances.
Tissue localization of beta receptors for platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor B chain during wound repair in humans. (1993)

The expression and localization of PDGF beta receptors and PDGF-AB/BB in human healing wounds was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques and in situ hybridization. Expression of PDGF beta receptor protein and PDGF-AB/BB were analyzed in wound margin biopsies using the PDGFR-B2 and PDGF 007 antibodies. PDGF beta receptor expression was minor in normal skin. An increased expression of PDGF beta receptor protein was prominent in vessels in the proliferating tissue zone in wounds as early as 1 d after surgery and was apparent < or = 4 wk after surgery. There was also a concordant increase in PDGF beta receptor mRNA detected by in situ hybridization. PDGF-AB/BB was present in healing wounds as well as in normal skin. In normal skin, expression of PDGF-AB/BB was confined to peripheral nerve fibers and to solitary cells of the epidermis and of the superficial dermis. In wounds, infiltrating mononuclear cells also stained for PDGF-AB/BB. To identify cell types expressing PDGF AB/BB and PDGF beta receptors, respectively, we performed double immunofluorescence stainings. PDGF beta receptors were expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and cells in capillary walls; the receptor protein could not be detected in neurofilament containing structures, T lymphocytes, or CD68 expressing macrophages. PDGF-AB/BB colocalized with neurofilaments, it was present in Langerhans cells of the epidermis and in HLA-DR positive cells located in the epidermal/dermal junction area. Of the macrophages infiltrating the wound, 43 +/- 18% stained positively for PDGF AB/BB. Since PDGF-AB/BB and PDGF beta receptors are expressed in the healing wound, two essential prerequisites for a role of PDGF in wound healing are fulfilled.
Loss of serum response factor in keratinocytes results in hyperproliferative skin disease in mice (2009)

The transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) plays a crucial role in the development of several organs. However, its role in the skin has not been explored. Here, we show that keratinocytes in normal human and mouse skin expressed high levels of SRF but that SRF expression was strongly downregulated in the hyperproliferative epidermis of wounded and psoriatic skin. Keratinocyte-specific deletion within the mouse SRF locus during embryonic development caused edema and skin blistering, and all animals died in utero. Postnatal loss of mouse SRF in keratinocytes resulted in the development of psoriasis-like skin lesions. These lesions were characterized by inflammation, hyperproliferation, and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes as well as by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Ultrastructural analysis revealed markedly reduced cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts and loss of cell compaction in all epidermal layers. siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRF in primary human keratinocytes revealed that the cytoskeletal abnormalities and adhesion defects were a direct consequence of the loss of SRF. In contrast, the hyperproliferation observed in vivo was an indirect effect that was most likely a consequence of the inflammation. These results reveal that loss of SRF disrupts epidermal homeostasis and strongly suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of hyperproliferative skin diseases, including psoriasis.
Rapid and Sensitive Analysis of Alkylresorcinols from Cereal Grains and Products Using HPLC−Coularray-Based Electrochemical Detection (2009)

Alkylresorcinols (AR) present in the bran fraction of wheat, rye, and barley grains are of current interest as biomarkers of wholegrain cereal intake. This paper reports the development of a rapid quantitative HPLC method allowing sensitive analysis of AR in cereals in 14 min using coularray (CA) detection. The LOD was 1 ng injected and the LOQ 2.5 ng injected, whereas the intrarun and inter-run CVs were 0.8 and 6.4%, respectively. Analytical recovery determined by spiking ranged from 98 to 107% for AR homologues C15:0-C25:0. The method was used to analyze 79 flour and cereal products, with results in the same range as previous studies using GC analysis. Analysis of wholegrain white wheat were in the same range as other wheat varieties (420-556 microg/g). Use of the CA detector allowed detection of low concentrations of AR in white wheat flour (13-51 microg/g) that had not been reliably detected using previous methods. This method allows rapid throughput analysis of cereal samples, required for validation studies on the use of AR as biomarkers of wholegrain cereal intake.