gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MON-112 Gelesis100 Reduces Insulin Resistance in Patients Who Are Overweight or Have Obesity with High Insulin Resistance: Results of the GLOW Study (2019)

Background: Overweight and obesity are predisposing conditions for the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance caused by excess adiposity is a key factor in this process. Methods: The effect of Gelesis100, a novel hydrogel, was assessed in patients who were overweight or had obesity, without antidiabetic medications, and who completed the Gelesis Loss Of Weight (GLOW; NCT02307279) study. GLOW was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal study with patients randomized to 2.25 g of Gelesis100 or placebo in capsules taken with 500 mL of water before lunch and dinner while on a hypocaloric diet (-300 kcal/day) for 24 weeks. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Logit models comparing Gelesis100 to placebo arms in 2 subgroups of patients based on baseline HOMA-IR (subgroup 1, HOMA-IR ≥ 3.0, subgroup 2, HOMA-IR < 3.0). Results: The overall population included 290 patients (132 males, 158 females, 91 in subgroup 1, 199 in subgroup 2, 155 on Gelesis100, 135 on placebo), who were normoglycemic, had prediabetes, or had untreated type 2 diabetes. Statistically significant difference in reduction of HOMA-IR was observed in subgroup 1 (mean baseline HOMA-IR = 5.0) but not in subgroup 2 (mean baseline HOMA-IR = 1.8). Indeed, placebo-subtracted HOMA-IR changes (mean, SE) were -22.3 ± 9.5% (P = 0.0212) and -9.0 ± 9.5% (P = 0.3432) in subgroup 1 and subgroup 2, respectively. Furthermore, in subgroup 1, patients who lost < 5% body weight (n = 44, mean body weight loss = 1.3%) had a statistically significant placebo-subtracted HOMA-IR change of -27.6 ± 13.2% (P = 0.0435), while patients who lost ≥ 5% body weight (n = 47, mean body weight loss = 9.7%) had no statistically significant placebo-subtracted HOMA-IR change (-15.6 ± 13.6%, P = 0.2584). The effect on HOMA-IR decrease was driven by significant reduction in fasting serum insulin. Safety and tolerability of Gelesis100 demonstrated no increased risk compared to placebo. Conclusion: Treatment with Gelesis100 results in a significantly higher reduction in insulin resistance compared to placebo as assessed by HOMA-IR in patients who are overweight or have obesity with elevated baseline HOMA-IR. The results also suggest a potential weight-independent effect of Gelesis100 in the reduction of insulin resistance. If these findings are confirmed in future studies with larger subgroups, Gelesis100 could become a potential new treatment for insulin-resistant clinical conditions associated with overweight and obesity.
Mosquito host preferences affect their response to synthetic and natural odour blends (2015)

Different odour baits elicit varying responses among mosquito species. Synthetic odour blends are highly effective for trapping mosquitoes; however, not all mosquitoes respond equally to the same odour blend. Combining fermenting molasses with synthetic blends in a trap represents the most effective tool to catch blood-fed mosquitoes outside houses, which is essential for understanding outdoor malaria transmission.
Secreted Phospholipase A2 Group X Acts as an Adjuvant for Type 2 Inflammation, Leading to an Allergen-Specific Immune Response in the Lung (2020)

Secreted phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (sPLA<sub>2</sub>) enzymes release free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, and generate lysophospholipids from phospholipids, including membrane phospholipids from cells and bacteria and surfactant phospholipids. We have shown that an endogenous enzyme sPLA<sub>2</sub> group X (sPLA<sub>2</sub>-X) is elevated in the airways of asthmatics and that mice lacking the sPLA<sub>2</sub>-X gene (<i>Pla2g10</i>) display attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, innate and adaptive immune responses, and type 2 cytokine production in a model of airway sensitization and challenge using a complete allergen that induces endogenous adjuvant activity. This complete allergen also induces the expression of sPLA<sub>2</sub>-X/<i>Pla2g10</i> In the periphery, an sPLA<sub>2</sub> found in bee venom (bee venom PLA<sub>2</sub>) administered with the incomplete Ag OVA leads to an Ag-specific immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that both bee venom PLA<sub>2</sub> and murine sPLA<sub>2</sub>-X have adjuvant activity, leading to a type 2 immune response in the lung with features of airway hyperresponsiveness and Ag-specific type 2 airway inflammation following peripheral sensitization and subsequent airway challenge with OVA. Further, the adjuvant effects of sPLA<sub>2</sub>-X that result in the type 2-biased OVA-specific adaptive immune response in the lung were dependent upon the catalytic activity of the enzyme, as a catalytically inactive mutant form of sPLA<sub>2</sub>-X does not elicit the adaptive component of the immune response, although other components of the immune response were induced by the inactive enzyme, suggesting receptor-mediated effects. Our results demonstrate that exogenous and endogenous sPLA<sub>2</sub>s play an important role in peripheral sensitization, resulting in airway responses to inhaled Ags.
Architecture and circuit techniques for a reconfigurable memory block (2004)

A 2 kB reconfigurable SRAM block, using self-timed, pulse-mode circuits capable of emulating a portion of a cache or a streaming FIFO is realized in a 1.8 V 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process and operates at 1.1 GHz (10F04 cycle). The additional logic needed for reconfigurability consumes 26% of the total power and 32% of the total area.
Sperm-Specific WW-Domain-Binding Proteins (2017)

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Fabrication of Low On‐Resistance and Normally Off AlGaN/GaN Metal Oxide Semiconductor Heterojunction Field‐Effect Transistors with AlGaN Back Barrier by the Selective Area Regrowth Technique (2023)

Herein, a recessed‐gate AlGaN/GaN metal oxide semiconductor heterojunction field‐effect transistor (MOS‐HFET) with an AlGaN back‐barrier layer fabricated by a selective area regrowth (SAG) technique is investigated. A recessed‐gate structure enables normally off operation required for power‐switching applications. A thin AlGaN/GaN channel and the AlGaN back‐barrier structures are fabricated on a Si substrate by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The 50 nm thick, thin GaN channel layer with a smooth surface is grown on the AlGaN back‐barrier layer. A recessed‐gate structure is successfully formed by SAG of an AlGaN/GaN layer on the thin AlGaN/GaN layer. The regrown AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structure shows lower sheet resistance owing to high concentration and high mobility of a two‐dimensional electron gas. Transfer characteristics of the thin AlGaN/GaN channel MOS‐HFETs show normally off operation as a consequence of using the AlGaN back‐barrier structure. Channel mobility becomes five times higher than that of GaN channel in the case of using the thin AlGaN/GaN channel. These results indicate that the regrown thin AlGaN/GaN channel MOS‐HFET has the potential to realize low on‐resistance and normally off operation.
Leveraging temporal, contextual and ordering constraints for recognizing complex activities in video (2007)

We present a scalable approach to recognizing and describing complex activities in video sequences. We are interested in long-term, sequential activities that may have several parallel streams of action. Our approach integrates temporal, contextual and ordering constraints with output from low-level visual detectors to recognize complex, long-term activities. We argue that a hierarchical, object-oriented design lends our solution to be scalable in that higher-level reasoning components are independent from the particular low-level detector implementation and that recognition of additional activities and actions can easily be added. Three major components to realize this design are: a dynamic Bayesian network structure for representing activities comprised of partially ordered sub-actions, an object-oriented action hierarchy for building arbitrarily complex action detectors and an approximate Viterbi-like algorithm for inferring the most likely observed sequence of actions. Additionally, this study proposes the Erlang distribution as a comprehensive model of idle time between actions and frequency of observing new actions. We show results for our approach on real video sequences containing complex activities.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin (1996)

To determine if ciprofloxacin therapy alters the response to warfarin treatment, 36 adult patients attending three university-affiliated outpatient anticoagulation clinics randomly received a 12-day course of ciprofloxacin (750 mg twice daily) and a 12-day course of placebo; each course was separated by a 2-week washout period. Prothrombin times (PTs), concentrations of S-warfarin and R-warfarin (the isomers of warfarin), and concentrations of clotting factors II and VII were determined three times weekly for 9 weeks. By day 12 of ciprofloxacin therapy, concentrations of S-warfarin remained unchanged compared with those after placebo therapy, but R-warfarin concentrations increased significantly (1.15 times those after placebo therapy; P = .001); concentrations of clotting factors II and VII decreased (0.903 and 0.872 times those after placebo therapy, respectively, P < or = .020). The mean PT ratio after 12 days of ciprofloxacin therapy increased slightly (1.032 times that after placebo therapy; P = .057), but no patient had bleeding or a change in PT that required alteration in warfarin or ciprofloxacin therapy. We conclude that warfarin therapy is not a contraindication to the use of ciprofloxacin.
Multiomic characterization of T-cell populations at the single-cell level utilizing sensitive dextramers and BD® AbSeq on the BD Rhapsody™ Single-Cell Analysis system (2020)

Abstract Adoptively transferred antigen-specific T cells have shown great efficacy in treatment of some virus-associated diseases and malignancies. A major driver of the development of adoptive T-cell therapy has been our ability to successfully characterize the functional status and antigen specificity of T cells. However, this has been limited by inefficient detection of antigen-specific T cells possibly due to their low frequency and low binding affinities to known MHC-peptide complexes. Here, we aim to combine two powerful technologies, advanced dCODE™ Dextramer® from Immudex and single-cell multiomics analysis using the BD Rhapsody™ Single-Cell Analysis system, to detect and characterize disease-specific CD8+ T cells within thousands of PBMCs. Currently, we are able to identify over 350 mRNAs alongside a panel of over 20 BD® AbSeq cell surface protein markers which can be associated with T cell activation states. These data can be used to define T-cell phenotypes alongside antigen specificity of enriched CD8+ dextramer+ cells from a PBMC population. This study outlines our ability for high-resolution T-cell profiling that has broader implications and utility in immuno-oncology, infectious diseases and autoimmunity.
A2. controlling ESD in the modern cleanroom manufacturing environment (cleanrooms / ESD / ionization guidelines and considerations) (2008)

As devices become faster and feature sizes decrease, sensitivities to ESD and contamination increase. This workshop will focus on the roles that grounding methods, materials, cleanrooms and ionization play in controlling ESD and contamination in the modern cleanroom manufacturing environment. Several industry experts will share their experiences and will answer questions related to current ESD and Contamination control issues, such as selecting ESD and cleanroom safe materials, electrostatic attraction, the use of ionization and various other related topics.
High Efficiency Copper Electroplated Heterojunction Solar Cells and Modules – The Path towards 25% Cell Efficiency (2013)

In this work, we present the latest results from Kaneka on high efficiency heterojunction crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells with a copper metallization scheme. We report copper plated heterojunction c-Si solar cells on 6 inch c-Si Cz wafers with a world record conversion on efficiency and generated power. Efficiencies of 24.2% (aperture area) and powers of 5.64 W (total area measurement) at 1 sun STC measurement have been certified by an independent laboratory. Values of open circuit voltage above 745mV, values of short circuit current above 40 mA/cm2, and values of fill factor above 82% have been reached. Results of the impact of the silicon wafer thickness on the efficiency of heterojunction c-Si solar cells are presented. Damp heat and thermal cycling reliability data of the copper electroplated heterojunction show comparable performance with Ag printed heterojunction. Temperature coefficient of -0.23%/ºC has been achieved which will translate in a higher total power of these devices under outdoor operation. We present the path toward efficiencies above 25% for low concentrations which combined with the good temperature coefficient show the potential of heterojunction technology for LCPV applications in warm climates.
Reactions of organocyclopropanes and spirocycles with metal atoms (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of organocyclopropanes and spirocycles with metal atomsJ. A. Gladysz, J. G. Fulcher, R. C. Ugolick, A. J. Lee Hanlan, and A. B. BocarslyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 12, 3388–3390Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00506a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (392 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Layout sensitivities of transient external latchup (2012)

The trigger current for external latchup depends on the duration of the triggering event. A physics-based model is provided to capture the effects of aggressor to victim spacing and orientation on transient triggering of external latchup. The latchup susceptibility of standard cell based designs is also investigated.
Semisynthetic Studies on the Manzamine Alkaloids (2008)

Chemical transformation studies were conducted on (−)-8-hydroxymanzamine A (1), (−)-manzamine F (2), manzamine A (3), and (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A (4), isolated from Indo-Pacific Acanthostrongylophora sponges.(1) Thirteen new semisynthetic manzamine derivatives, including four Δ34,35 manzamines (5, 6, 8, and 9) and the unprecedented manzamine derivative 17, are reported. The potent in vitro activities of the obtained semisynthetic manzamines against activated brain microglia and the AIDS opportunistic infection pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis are presented.
Mechanism of Antiviral Activities of 3′-Substituted L-Nucleosides against 3Tc-Resistant HBV Polymerase: A Molecular Modelling Approach (2003)

Comparison of the active sites of the human HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and the homology-modelled hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase shows that the active sites of both enzymes are open to L-nucleosides, but the position where the 3'-substituent of the L-ribose projects in HBV polymerase is wider and deeper than HIV-1 RT, which enables the HBV polymerase to accommodate various 3'-substituted L-nucleosides. However, the space is not sufficient to accommodate a bulky 3'-substituent such as the 3'-azido group of L-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. Analysis of the minimized structure of rtM204V HBV polymerase/3TCTP complex shows that, instead of the steric stress produced by rtV204, a loss of the van der Waals contact around the oxathiolane sugar moiety of 3TCTP caused by the mutation results in the disruption of the active site. Therefore, nucleosides, which are stabilized by additional specific interaction with the enzyme residues, can have more opportunities to circumvent the destabilization by the loss of hydrophobic interaction conferred by mutation. Specifically, the substitution at the 3'-position would be beneficial as the HBV polymerase has wide open space composed of the highly conserved motif (YMDD) where the 3'-substituents of the L-nucleosides project. As an example, our study shows that the 3'-fluorine atom contributes to the antiviral activity of L-3'-Fd4CTP against rtM204V HBV polymerase by readily compensating for the loss of the van der Waals interaction around the 2',3'-double bond through a formation of a hydrogen bond to the amide backbone of rtD205.
Nonlinear refractive-index measurements of glasses using three-wave frequency mixing (1987)

We have developed a rapid and accurate method for measuring the nonlinear refractive index of transparent materials. It is based on a version of three-wave mixing in which the frequencies of the two input beams are adjusted to differ by about 60 cm−1. The nonlinear index of a material is measured relative to that of a standard with a known index. Our measurements of 27 glasses are in good agreement with previous results, where available, and with the n2 values calculated empirically from linear index parameters. We also discuss the relationship between the observed nonlinear index and the structure and composition of the glasses.
Structure, biochemical characterization and analysis of the pleomorphism of carboxylesterase Cest-2923 fromLactobacillus plantarumWCFS1 (2013)

The hydrolase fold is one of the most versatile structures in the protein realm according to the diversity of sequences adopting such a three-dimensional architecture. In the present study, we clarified the crystal structure of the carboxylesterase Cest-2923 from the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 refined to 2.1 Å resolution, determined its main biochemical characteristics and also carried out an analysis of its associative behaviour in solution. We found that the versatility of a canonical α/β hydrolase fold, the basic framework of the crystal structure of Cest-2923, also extends to its oligomeric behaviour in solution. Thus, we discovered that Cest-2923 exhibits a pH-dependent pleomorphic behaviour in solution involving monomers, canonical dimers and tetramers. Although, at neutral pH, the system is mainly shifted to dimeric species, under acidic conditions, tetrameric species predominate. Despite these tetramers resulting from the association of canonical dimers, as is commonly found in many other carboxylesterases from the hormone-sensitive lipase family, they can be defined as 'noncanonical' because they represent a different association mode. We identified this same type of tetramer in the closest relative of Cest-2923 that has been structurally characterized: the sugar hydrolase YeeB from Lactococcus lactis. The observed associative behaviour is consistent with the different crystallographic results for Cest-2923 from structural genomics consortia. Finally, the presence of sulfate or acetate molecules (depending on the crystal form analysed) in the close vicinity of the nucleophile Ser116 allows us to identify interactions with the putative oxyanion hole and deduce the existence of hydrolytic activity within Cest-2923 crystals.
Patient derived organoids to model rare prostate cancer phenotypes (2018)

A major hurdle in the study of rare tumors is a lack of existing preclinical models. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is an uncommon and aggressive histologic variant of prostate cancer that may arise de novo or as a mechanism of treatment resistance in patients with pre-existing castration-resistant prostate cancer. There are few available models to study neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Here, we report the generation and characterization of tumor organoids derived from needle biopsies of metastatic lesions from four patients. We demonstrate genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic concordance between organoids and their corresponding patient tumors. We utilize these organoids to understand the biologic role of the epigenetic modifier EZH2 in driving molecular programs associated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer progression. High-throughput organoid drug screening nominated single agents and drug combinations suggesting repurposing opportunities. This proof of principle study represents a strategy for the study of rare cancer phenotypes.
Development of Advanced Low Emission Injectors and High-Bandwidth Fuel Flow Modulation Valves (2015)

Parker Hannifin Corporation developed the 3-Zone fuel nozzle for NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation Program to meet NASAs target of 75 LTO NOx reduction from CAEP6 regulation. The nozzle concept was envisioned as a drop-in replacement for currently used fuel nozzle stem, and is built up from laminates to provide energetic mixing suitable for lean direct injection mode at high combustor pressure. A high frequency fuel valve was also developed to provide fuel modulation for the pilot injector. Final testing result shows the LTO NOx level falling just shy of NASAs goal at 31.
Silicon nanoparticles: Absorption, emission, and the nature of the electronic bandgap (2007)

Silicon nanoparticles synthesized in the gas phase are studied. From time-resolved photoluminescence measurements we determine, quantitatively, the size-dependence of the oscillator strength of the nanoparticles. We investigate experimentally the absorption and photoluminescence emission of nanoparticle ensembles with a broad size distribution. Using a model which accounts for size-effects in both oscillator strength and quantum-confinement, we are able to calculate absorption and emission spectra of ensemble samples. From these results we have determined, whether silicon nanoparticles should be regarded as indirect or direct semiconductors. Moreover, we systematically study the influence of the particle size-distribution on the optical spectra.
[Skin antisepsis in premature infants]. (2012)

In some premature newborns, 7 months old and with less than 1 kg of body wheight, total parenteral nutrition is used for weeks, so that good antiseptics can cooperate to the prevention of nosocomial infections, associating the best biocide effects to the best topical tolerability. Details are reported on the biocide cutaneous properties of some chloro-derivates, as sodium hypochlorite and NaDCC, of ethyl and propyl alcohols, of chlorhexidine, of iodophors and also of triclosan and octenidine (even if these latter biocids are not normally available in Italy as cutaneous antiseptics).