gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact-induced damage characterization of composite plates using neural networks (2007)

Impact-induced damage in fiber-reinforced laminated composite plates is characterized. An instrumented impact tower was used to carry out low-velocity impacts on thirteen clamped glass/epoxy composite plates. A range of impact energies was experimentally investigated by progressively varying impactor masses (holding the impact height constant) and varying impact heights (holding the impactor mass constant). The in-plane strain profiles as measured by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric sensors are shown to indicate damage initiation and to correlate to impact energy. Plate damage included matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and delamination. Electronic shearography validated the existence of the impact damage and demonstrated an actual damage area larger than visible indications. The strain profiles that are associated with damage were replicated using an in-house finite element code. Using these simulated strain signatures and the shearography results, a backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) is shown to detect and classify the type and severity of damage. © IOP Publishing Ltd.
Phase‐contrast echo‐planar MR imaging: Real‐time quantification of plow and velocity patterns in the thoracic vessels induced by valsalva's maneuver (1995)

Although the clinical manifestations of Valsalva's maneuver are well known, the associated hemodynamic changes in the great vessels have not been extensively studied and documented. In each of six healthy subjects, we evaluated three "quasi-steady-state" phases of Valsalva's maneuver: (1) during normal respiration, (2) during late strain, and (3) 4 seconds after strain release. Continuous flow, velocity, and cross-sectional area measurements were obtained in the superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and thoracic aorta with single-shot echo-planar MR imaging (EPI) with velocity-encoded gradients, which provided 256 images in 5 seconds, yielding 26 velocity-encoded images per second. In the superior vena cava, Valsalva's maneuver induced an 11% decrease in average flow volume, a 102% increase in peak flow velocity, a 156% increase in the time velocity integral, and a 37% decrease in cross-sectional area. MR velocity measurements agreed with echocardiographic data and supplied additional information on flow and morphology. EPI showed a reduction in venous return during Valsalva's maneuver by simultaneously assessing flow, velocity, and vessel morphology; this technique appears to be useful in the analysis of flow dynamics of the great vessels.
Magnetic Loss in MaMgZn Ferrite. (1995)

The effects of the both grain size of a sintered body and the oxidation state of Fe ions on hysteresis loss of MnMgZn ferrite were studied in order to achieve low core loss. It is shown that grain growth is effective for achieving low hysteresis loss, but that the hysteresis loss falls to a minimum at an average grain size of 4μm. High temperature firing leads not only to grain growth but also to a reduction in number Fe3+ ions. It is thought that an appropriate number of Fe2+ ions lowers the magnetic anisotropy and results in low hysteresis loss. Mn2O3 addition and low oxygen partial pressure during the cooling state are effective for reducing core loss.
An Aldose Reductase with 20α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity Is Most Likely the Enzyme Responsible for the Production of Prostaglandin F2α in the Bovine Endometrium (2003)

Prostaglandins are important regulators of reproductive function. In particular, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha)) is involved in labor and is the functional mediator of luteolysis to initiate a new estrous cycle in many species. These actions have been extensively studied in ruminants, but the enzymes involved are not clearly identified. Our objective was to identify which prostaglandin F synthase is involved and to study its regulation in the endometrium and in endometrial primary cell cultures. The expression of all previously known prostaglandin F synthases (PGFSs), two newly discovered PGFS-like genes, and a 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was studied by Northern blot and reverse transcription PCR. These analyses revealed that none of the known PGFS or the PGFS-like genes were significantly expressed in the endometrium. On the other hand, the 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene was strongly expressed in the endometrium at the time of luteolysis. The corresponding recombinant enzyme has a K(m) of 7 microM for PGH(2) and a PGFS activity higher than the lung PGFS. This enzyme has two different activities with the ability to terminate the estrous cycle; it metabolizes progesterone and synthesizes PGF(2 alpha). Taken together, these data point to this newly identified enzyme as the functional endometrial PGFS.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca[LiAlN2]: A Quaternary Nitridoaluminate. (2013)

Abstract Ca[LiAlN 2 ] is prepared by reaction of LiAlH 4 , LiN 3 , and Ca in a lithium flux (weld‐shut Ta crucibles in silica tube, 900 °C, 24 h).
Functional Outcomes Over the First Year After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Prospective, Longitudinal TRACK-TBI Study (2021)

In this study, patients with msTBI frequently demonstrated major functional gains, including recovery of independence, between 2 weeks and 12 months postinjury. Severe impairment in the short term did not portend poor outcomes in a substantial minority of patients with msTBI. When discussing prognosis during the first 2 weeks after injury, clinicians should be particularly cautious about making early, definitive prognostic statements suggesting poor outcomes and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in patients with msTBI.
Comparison of Direct-Detection Approaches for High-Speed Datacenter Campus Networks (2021)

We experimentally compare virtual carrier based self-coherent detection with Kramers-Kronig reception and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation for 10km C-band transmission at gross bit rates between 120Gb/s and 300Gb/s. The latter scheme shows a better performance up to 230Gb/s although being more demanding for the DAC.
Experimental interference assessment between two independent and simultaneous 4 × 4 MIMO handset user links operating at 5 GHz (2010)

Analysis of simultaneous 4×4 MIMO channel measurements at 5 GHz are discussed that evidence the impact of user interaction on mobile terminals that will significantly impact the signal to interference ratio between two users. Results indicate that branch power ratio on a mobile, which results from user interaction, will impact both its interference to other users but also its own signal to interference ratio. User interactions both in talk position and texting position are considered.
Near-contact damping model and dynamic response of (2011)

This paper presents the first near-contact aerodynamic damping model based on rarefied flow modeling for use in dynamic simulations of large-displacement motion and contacting behavior of microbeams. The damping model is constructed based on high-fidelity simulations of rarefied gas flow around microbeams based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation with the Ellipsoidal Statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (ES-BGK) collision relaxation model. The predictions using the new model and previously published models are compared with experimentally measured responses of silicon microbeams under a high-g dynamic load. The new model is validated by measuring the near-contact behavior of silicon microbeams under loads up to 52,500 g and with ramping rates up to 2,750 g/μs. The model and experiments were found to be in close agreement with a maximum variation of less than 13.1%.
Tryptophan oxidation catabolite, N ‐formylkynurenine, in photo degraded cell culture medium results in reduced cell culture performance (2015)

Chemically defined media have been widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry to enhance cell culture productivities and ensure process robustness. These media, which are quite complex, often contain a mixture of many components such as vitamins, amino acids, metals and other chemicals. Some of these components are known to be sensitive to various stress factors including photodegradation. Previous work has shown that small changes in impurity concentrations induced by these potential stresses can have a large impact on the cell culture process including growth and product quality attributes. Furthermore, it has been shown to be difficult to detect these modifications analytically due to the complexity of the cell culture media and the trace level of the degradant products. Here, we describe work performed to identify the specific chemical(s) in photodegraded medium that affect cell culture performance. First, we developed a model system capable of detecting changes in cell culture performance. Second, we used these data and applied an LC-MS analytical technique to characterize the cell culture media and identify degradant products which affect cell culture performance. Riboflavin limitation and N-formylkynurenine (NFK), a tryptophan oxidation catabolite, were identified as chemicals which results in a reduction in cell culture performance.
Matrix-isolation studies by electronic spectroscopy of group IIIA metal–water photochemistry (1983)

This paper reports an investigation of the electronic structures of the Group IIIA metal atom hydration reaction intermediates (M⋯OH2adducts) and their subsequent photolysis products (HMOH, MOH and MO) where M = Al, Ga and In. The metal–water interaction in the adduct is sufficiently strong to perturb the electronic structure of the metal atom; consequently, one observes a unique band structure for the adduct that is red shifted from the metal's atomic resonance transition. Molecular orbital and electronic state-to-state correlations are presented.
Rephasing: A Transformation Technique for the Manipulation of Timing Constraints (1995)

We introduce a transformation, named rephasing, that manipulates the timing parameters in control-dataflow graphs. Traditionally high-level synthesis systems for DSP have either assumed that all the relative times, called phases, when corresponding samples are available at input and delay nodes are zero or have automatically assigned values to as part of the scheduling step when software pipelining is simultaneously applied. Rephasing, however, manipulates the values of these phases as a transformation before the scheduling. The advantage of this approach is that phases can be chosen to optimize the algorithm for metrics such as area and power. Moreover, rephasing can be combined with other transformations. We have developed techniques for using rephasing to optimize several design metrics. The experimental results show significant improvements.
A Novel Approach to Improve Activity of Cellulases for Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosics (2005)

Economic barriers preventing commercialization of lignocellulose-toethanol bioconversion processes include the high cost of hydrolytic enzymes. One strategy for cost reduction is to improve the specific activities of cellulases by genetic engineering. However, screening for improved activity typically uses “ideal” cellulosic substrates, and results are not necessarily applicable to more realistic substrates such as pretreated hardwoods and softwoods. For lignocellulosic substrates, nonproductive binding and inactivation of enzymes by the lignin component appear to be important factors limiting catalytic efficiency. A better understanding of these factors could allow engineering of cellulases with improved activity based on reduced enzyme-lignin interaction (“weak lignin-binding cellulases”). To prove this concept, we have shown that naturally occurring cellulases with similar catalytic activity on a model cellulosic substrate can differ significantly in their affinities for lignin. Moreover, although cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) are hydrophobic and probably participate in lignin binding, we show that cellulases lacking CBDs also have a high affinity for lignin, indicating the presence of lignin-binding sites on the catalytic domain.
Nuclear protein organization and the repair of radiation damage (1989)

A complex network of proteins having attachment sites with DNA are known to exist in mammalian cells and have been referred to as a nuclear cage, matrix, scaffold and nucleoid. Since ionizing radiation is known to induce DNA--protein crosslinks as well as DNA single- and double-stranded breaks, an investigation of the sedimentation of the nucleoid in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)* cells before, during and after treatments with ionizing radiation was undertaken. Using neutral sucrose gradient sedimentation, it was possible to reproducibly separate the protein and DNA components of interphase nucleoids. Under conditions of radiation damage, the DNA and protein components of the nucleoid were shifted to a coincident position in the gradients consistent with the generation of single- and double-stranded DNA scissions. During DNA damage repair, an apparent recruitment of protein to the nucleoid occurred and a rearrangement of the protein sedimentation was observed as the repair of DNA progressed. These data suggest that the protein component of the nucleoid was dynamic under conditions of DNA damage repair.
A novel cellular prion protein isoform present in rapid anterograde axonal transport (1999)

We studied the axonal transport of PrP(C) in hamster retinal and sciatic nerve axons. Our results show that a novel 38kDa form is the predominant form in rapid anterograde axonal transport while the 36kDa and 33kDa PrP(C) forms, abundant in nerve and brain, appear to be either stationary or slowly transported. We did not detect any significant retrograde transport of PrP(C). These results show that 38kDa PrP(C) is the form exported from the cell body to the axonal compartment where it may represent the precursor to the more abundant PrP(C) forms after its modification in nerve fibres or terminals.
Versatility and VersaBench: A New Metric and a Benchmark Suite for Flexible Architectures (2004)

For the last several decades, computer architecture research has largely benefited from, and continues to be driven by ad-hoc benchmarking. Often the benchmarks are selected to represent workloads that architects believe should run on the computational platforms they design. For example, benchmark suites such as SPEC, Winstone, and MediaBench, which represent workstation, desktop and media workloads respectively, have influenced computer architecture innovation for the last decade. Recently, advances in VLSI technology have created an increasing interest within the computer architecture community to build a new kind of processor that is more flexible than extant general purpose processors. Such new processor architectures must efficiently support a broad class of applications including graphics, networking, and signal processing in addition to the traditional desktop workloads. Thus, given the new focus on flexibility demands, a new benchmark suite and new metrics are necessary to accurately reflect the goals of the architecture community. This paper thus proposes (i) VersaBench as a new benchmark suite, and (ii) a new Versatility measure to characterize architectural flexibility, or in other words, the ability of the architecture to effectively execute a wide array of workloads. The benchmark suite is composed of applications drawn from several domains including desktop, server, stream, and bit-level processing. The Versatility measure is a single scalar metric inspired by the SPEC paradigm. It normalizes processor performance on each benchmark by that of the highest-performing machine for that application. This paper reports the measured versatility for several existing processors, as well as for some new and emerging research processors. The benchmark suite is freely distributed, and we are actively cataloging and sharing results for various reference processors. 1.
Transcriptome analysis of monocyte-HIV interactions (2010)

Previously described areas of monocyte dysfunction during HIV infection were confirmed, and novel themes were identified. Furthermore, individual genes associated with these dysfunctions and with ART-associated disorders were pinpointed. These genes form a useful basis for further functional studies concerning the contribution of monocytes/macrophages to HIV pathogenesis. One such gene, NAMPT/visfatin, represents a possible novel restriction factor for HIV.
Electrophysiological correlates of personality dimensions measured by Temperament and Character Inventory (2002)

The present exploratory study was attempted to investigate the relationship between components of event-related potential (ERP) and Cloninger's personality dimensions. The ERP was measured using the auditory oddball paradigm, and personality was evaluated by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 25 healthy subjects. The results showed that P300 amplitude at Fz was significantly associated with reward dependence, and that P300 latency was positively correlated with persistence, and negatively correlated with novelty seeking. No correlations were found between N100, P200 and personality dimensions. These results indicate that personality dimension is related to information-processing in the brain. The neurobiological and psychological aspects of personality, which may relate to the P300 were considered.
Improved cerebral microbleeds detection using their magnetic signature on T2*-phase-contrast: A comparison study in a clinical setting (2016)

IFM yielded increased sensitivity and decreased false positives rate (FPR) for CMBs identification compared to T2* magnitude and SWI-mIP images. Inter-rater variability was decreased with IFM when identifying subjects with numerous lesions, with only a limited increase in rating time. IFM thus appears as an interesting candidate to improve CMBs identification in clinical setting.
Memento: How to Reconstruct your Secrets from a Single Password in a Hostile Environment. (2014)

Passwords are inherently vulnerable to dictionary attacks, but are quite secure if guessing attempts can be slowed down, for example by an online server. If this server gets compromised, however, the attacker can again perform an offline attack. The obvious remedy is to distribute the password verification process over multiple servers, so that the password remains secure as long as no more than a threshold of the servers are compromised. By letting these servers additionally host shares of a strong secret that the user can recover upon entering the cor- rect password, the user can perform further cryptographic tasks using this strong secret as a key, e.g., encrypting data in the cloud. Threshold password-authenticated secret sharing (TPASS) protocols provide exactly this func- tionality, but the two only known schemes by Bagherzandi et al. (CCS 2011) and Camenisch et al. (CCS 2012) leak the password if a user mistakenly executes the protocol with malicious servers. Authenticating to the wrong servers is a common scenario when users are tricked in phishing attacks. We propose the first t-out-of-n TPASS protocol for any n > t that does not suffer from this shortcoming. We prove our protocol secure in the UC frame- work, which for the particular case of password-based protocols offers important advantages over property-based definitions, e.g., by correctly modeling typos in password attempts.
3-D-Printed Compact Wideband Magnetoelectric Dipoles With Circular Polarization (2018)

A three-dimensional (3-D)-printed compact unidirectional wideband antenna, based on two crossed magnetoelectric dipoles, is proposed in this letter. The antenna consists in folding the electrical dipole elements; thus, the surface of the radiation element is reduced to 0.23λ0 × 0.23λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength at the lowest operation frequency for a standing-wave ratio (SWR) <;2.5, corresponding to a reduction factor of 48%. Despite a complex 3-D structure, each dipole arm is prototyped using 3-D printing technology. The excellent agreement between measured and simulated results (impedance and radiation) demonstrates the quality of such realization process for low-cost prototyping of such antenna structure. In dual-polarization mode, the measured input impedance bandwidth is 57% from 1.67 to 2.94 GHz with an SWR <;2.5. Circular-polarization mode is obtained by connecting a 90° hybrid coupler circuit. Axial ratio is lower than 3 dB in measured and simulated results from 1.5 to 3 GHz.
A Comparison of Hardware and Software in Sequence Rule Evolution (2003)

Sequence rule mining is an important problem in the field of data mining. Many algorithms have been devised that are based on counting candidate rules and excluding those with low support. Recently, the techniques of heuristic search, and evolutionary algorithms in particular, have been applied to various data mining problems, including sequence mining. In our previous work we have used specialized hardware to make mining certain rule formats feasible. In this paper we compare the performance of this hardware with realistic software alternatives. We show that these software alternatives give acceptable, although significantly slower, running times for restricted rule formats. We also demonstrate that the increased expressiveness available with the hardware rule formats does not necessarily have a great impact on predictive power, and may be more useful as a way of tailoring rule formats to specific tasks.
Fluoropolymer Resists: Progress and Properties (2003)

Various new fluoropolymers have been prepared for use in 157 nm lithography in the last few years. While several different backbone structures are available, what is common to all these 157 nm polymers is the exclusive use of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFA) as an acid group. The major effort has been placed on reduction of the absorption at 157 nm. In addition, we focused our attention on the hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity balance and understanding of the interaction of the HFA moiety with other functional groups and the dissolution behavior of the HFA polymers. Initially, we developed four platforms; a) all-acrylic, b) all-norbornene, 3) aliphatic, and 4) aromatic systems. The all-acrylic system based on 2-trifluoromethylacrylic monomers was meant to be for tool-testing and the all-norbornene system based on norbornene with pendant HFA (NBHFA) has been primarily engineered for 193 nm application (COBRA 5000). Since the aromatic system (PF2-ESCAP) based on a copolymer of t-butyl 2-trifluoeomethylacrylate (TBTFMA) with styrene bearing HFA (STHFA) has a rather high absorption of 3.2/μm, our major development effort has been directed to the aliphatic system based on a copolymer of TBTFMA and NBHFA or vinyl ether. New copolymers have been prepared by radical copolymerization of TBTFMA with vinyl ethers bearing HFA, resulting in lower absorption and lower/controllable glass transition temperatures. In addition to the new copolymers with polar vinyl ethers, the dissolution behavior and hydrogen bonding interaction of HFA polymers are described.