gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraurethral Capsaicin Produces Reflex Activation of the Striated Urethral Sphincter in Urethane-Anesthetized Male Rats (1993)

The effect of intraurethral application of capsaicin on the urethral motility of urethane anesthetized rats has been investigated. The urinary bladder and the urethra were surgically disconnected, and both organs were cannulated to record variations in intraluminal pressure (cystourethrogram). Urinary bladder reflex contractions in response to intravesical infusion of saline were paralleled by activation of the external striated urethral sphincter, resulting in intraluminal pressure high frequency oscillations (IPHFO) which were recorded at the urethral level. Intraurethral capsaicin (0.2 microgram./30 microliters.), produced an immediate enhancement of the IPHFO, the amplitude of which (70 +/- 9 mm.Hg) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher as compared with that recorded before drug administration (15 +/- 3 mm.Hg). The potentiation was followed (11 of 15 rats) by a period (5 to 12 minutes) characterized by a continuous low-amplitude urethral phasic activity. Throughout this period urinary bladder motility was inhibited. A second administration of capsaicin in the same animal was ineffective, and the response was absent in rats desensitized to capsaicin (50 mg./kg., subcutaneously, 4 days before), after application of tetrodotoxin (10 micrograms.) on the pudendal nerves, or after acute (3 hours before) sectioning, as well as in rats pretreated with d-tubocurarine (d-Tc, 100 micrograms./kg. intravenously). Intraurethral injection of capsaicin (0.2 microgram./30 microliters.), performed when the urinary bladder was empty, triggered IPHFO (12 +/- 3 mm.Hg) in 5 of 6 rats. This response was unaffected by hexamethonium (20 mg./kg., intravenously) or after removal (6 hours before) of the major pelvic ganglia, while it was absent after destruction of the lumbosacral spinal cord (3 to 6 hours before), in rats acutely spinalized (T13-L1), or after sectioning of the pudendal nerves. In rats receiving intrathecal (L5-S1) capsaicin (60 micrograms., 24 hours before), the capsaicin-induced IPHFO activation was lacking. Electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.1 Hz, 30 microseconds, 20 to 30 v) of the rat isolated external urethral sphincter (EUS), elicited d-tubocurarine and tetrodotoxin-sensitive twitch contractions, the amplitude of which was unaffected by capsaicin (1 microM.). Altogether these results suggest a physiological interaction between capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents innervating the urethra and the somatic efferent innervation to the urethral rabdosphincter. Present findings suggest the existence of a chemonociceptive urethro-urethral neural loop which, via pudendal nerves, leads to a supraspinally-mediated activation of the external urethral sphincter.
Recycling a Borate Complex for Synthesis of Polycarbonate Polyols: Towards an Environmentally Friendly and Cost‐Effective Process (2020)

In this investigation, a metal-free process was developed that enables the synthesis of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) diols/polyols by copolymerization of CO<sub>2</sub> with propylene epoxide (PO) under environmentally friendly and cost-effective conditions. This process implies the recycling of triethylborane and of ammonium salts that both enter in the composition of the initiators used to copolymerize CO<sub>2</sub> and PO. In complement to the above approach, a polymeric support, poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride), was synthesized and modified to carry ammonium carboxylate salts along its chain. The prepared polymeric initiator was utilized to copolymerize CO<sub>2</sub> with PO under heterogeneous conditions. Not only were the polymerization results similar to the samples obtained under homogeneous conditions, but the polymer substrate could easily be recovered by simple filtration. The integrity of the polycarbonate diols/polyols and the recycling process were followed by <sup>1</sup> H and <sup>11</sup> B NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS.
A Comparative Analysis of Chain-Based Access Control and Role-Based Access Control in the Healthcare Domain (2013)

The importance of electronic healthcare has caused numerous changes in both substantive and procedural aspects of healthcare processes. These changes have produced new challenges for patient privacy and information secrecy. Traditional privacy policies cannot respond to rapidly increased privacy needs of patients in electronic healthcare. Technically enforceable privacy policies are needed in order to protect patient privacy in modern healthcare with its cross-organizational information sharing and decision making. This paper proposes a personal information flow model that proposes a limited number of acts on this type of information. Ontology-classified chains of these acts can be used instead of the “intended business purposes” in the context of privacy access control. This enables the seamless integration of security and privacy into existing healthcare applications and their supporting infrastructures. In this paper, the authors present their idea of a Chain-Based Access Control (ChBAC) mechanism and provide a comparative analysis of it to Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). The evaluation is grounded in the healthcare domain and examines a range of typical access scenarios and approaches.
Low Power and Improved Switching Properties of Selector-Less Ta2O5 Based Resistive Random Access Memory Using Ti-Rich TiN Electrode (2013)

The effects of TiN top electrode composition (TiN vs Ti-rich TiN) on the resistive switching characteristics of selector-less TiN/TiO x /Ta 2 O 5 /TiN resistive random access memory (ReRAM) are investigated. Ti-rich TiN enables TiO x to have a higher concentration of oxygen vacancy and reduce barrier height between top electrode and TiO x . This leads to higher on/off current ratio and lower operation voltage without degradation of non-linearity which is the important factor for selector-less type ReRAM, compared to the stoichiometric TiN resistor stack. Consequently, it is verified that the switching mechanism is hybrid combination of filament formation and redox reaction in switching operation. This work is applicable to both high density and cost-effective ReRAM.
Metal-free regioselective C-3 acetoxylation of N-substituted indoles: crucial impact of nitrogen-substituent (2015)

Regioselective C-3 acetoxylation of the <italic>N</italic>-substituted indoles with PhI(OAc)<sub>2</sub> is described under metal-free conditions. The π-electron-deficient aryl-substituents on the N-atom of indoles remarkably favor the C-3 acetoxylation.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Studies of Molybdenum and Tungsten Dinitrogen, Diazenido, and Hydrazido Complexes That Contain Aryl-Substituted Triamidoamine Ligands (2001)

One-electron reduction of [ArN(3)N]MoCl complexes (Ar = C(6)H(5), 4-FC(6)H(4), 4-t-BuC(6)H(4), 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) yields complexes of the type [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N-Mo[ArN(3)N], while two-electron reduction yields ([ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N)(-) derivatives (Ar = C(6)H(5), 4-FC(6)H(4), 4-t-BuC(6)H(4), 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3), 3,5-Ph(2)C(6)H(3), and 3,5-(4-t-BuC(6)H(4))(2)C(6)H(3)). Compounds that were crystallographically characterized include ([t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]Mo)(2)(N(2)), Na(THF)(6)([PhN(3)N]Mo-N=N)(2)Na(THF)(3), [t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]Mo-N=N-Na(15-crown-5), and ([Ph(2)C(6)H(3)N(3)N]MoNN)(2)Mg(DME)(2). Compounds of the type [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N-Mo[ArN(3)N] do not appear to form when Ar = 3,5-Ph(2)C(6)H(3) or 3,5-(4-t-BuC(6)H(4))(2)C(6)H(3), presumably for steric reasons. Treatment of diazenido complexes (e.g., [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=N-Na(THF)(x)) with electrophiles such as Me(3)SiCl or MeOTf yielded [ArN(3)N]Mo-N=NR complexes (R = SiMe(3) or Me). These species react further to yield ([ArN(3)N]Mo-N=NMe(2))(+) species in the presence of methylating agents. Addition of anionic methyl reagents to ([ArN(3)N]Mo-N=NMe(2))(+) species yielded [ArN(3)N]Mo(N=NMe(2))(Me) complexes. Reduction of [4-t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]WCl under dinitrogen leads to a rare ([t-BuC(6)H(4)N(3)N]W)(2)(N(2)) species that can be oxidized by two electrons to give a stable dication (as its BPh(4)(-) salt). Reduction of hydrazido species leads to formation of Mo=N in low yields, and only dimethylamine could be identified among the many products. Electrochemical studies revealed expected trends in oxidation and reduction potentials, but also provided evidence for stable neutral dinitrogen complexes of the type [ArN(3)N]Mo(N(2)) when Ar is a relatively bulky terphenyl substituent.
Enzymatic Glycosidase Activities in Experimental Obesity (1992)

Glycosidases are lysosomal enzymes that participate in the catabolism of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates, and in some way may modify their activity in situations in which carbohydrate metabolism could be altered, such as the case of obesity. Using a fluorometric assay, a study was made of four glycosidase activities: N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase (NAG), alpha-mannosidase and alpha- and beta-glucosidase in the serum, pancreas, liver and kidney of 22 Zucker fa/fa genetically obese rats and of 23 fa/? controls, both with ages ranging between 13 and 15 weeks. After 12-14 hours fast and prior anaesthesia with sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneally, blood and the afore-mentioned organs were removed for enzymatic study of the serum and the organs after homogenization and centrifugation. In the serum a statistically significant increase in alpha-mannosidase (p < 0.0001) and alpha-glucosidase (p < 0.02) activities was found in the fa/fa obese rats as compared with the controls. No statistically significant differences were found in serum hexosaminidase activity between the two groups, and no serum beta-glucosidase enzymatic activity was detected. In liver, a decrease was observed in hexosaminidase (p < 0.002) and alpha-glucosidase (p < 0.01) activities in the obese rats as compared with the controls. In whole pancreas an increase was found in alpha-glucosidase activity in the obese rats with respect to the controls (p < 0.001), with no statistically significant differences in the hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucosidase activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unstable Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Quasi-phase matching of high harmonic generation in the “water window” at 100% ionization levels (2004)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Paul, E. A. Gibson, S. Backus, R. 'a. Tobey, M. Murnane, H. Kapteyn, and I. P. Christov, "Quasi-phase matching of high harmonic generation in the "water window" at 100% ionization levels," in Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper ThC6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The effects of growth hormone on adipose tissue: old observations, new mechanisms (2019)

The ability of growth hormone (GH) to induce adipose tissue lipolysis has been known for over five decades; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this effect and the ability of GH to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake have scarcely been documented. In this same time frame, our understanding of adipose tissue has evolved to reveal a complex structure with distinct types of adipocyte, depot-specific differences, a biologically significant extracellular matrix and important endocrine properties mediated by adipokines. All these aforementioned features, in turn, can influence lipolysis. In this Review, we provide a historical and current overview of the lipolytic effect of GH in humans, mice and cultured cells. More globally, we explain lipolysis in terms of GH-induced intracellular signalling and its effect on obesity, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. In this regard, findings that define molecular mechanisms by which GH induces lipolysis are described. Finally, data are presented for the differential effect of GH on specific adipose tissue depots and on distinct classes of metabolically active adipocytes. Together, these cellular, animal and human studies reveal novel cellular phenotypes and molecular pathways regulating the metabolic effects of GH on adipose tissue.
Demonstration of True Green ITO Clad Semipolar ( 20 2 ¯ 1 ) InGaN/GaN Laser Diodes (2013)

Non-epitaxial cladding layers have advantages for green laser diodes in terms of reduced p-cladding resistance and reduced active region thermal damage. We demonstrate true green semipolar InGaN/GaN laser diodes with ITO cladding grown on semipolar GaN substrates.
A Comparative Study of Modern Inference Techniques for Structured\n Discrete Energy Minimization Problems (2014)

Szeliski et al. published an influential study in 2006 on energy minimization\nmethods for Markov Random Fields (MRF). This study provided valuable insights\nin choosing the best optimization technique for certain classes of problems.\nWhile these insights remain generally useful today, the phenomenal success of\nrandom field models means that the kinds of inference problems that have to be\nsolved changed significantly. Specifically, the models today often include\nhigher order interactions, flexible connectivity structures, large\nla\\-bel-spaces of different cardinalities, or learned energy tables. To reflect\nthese changes, we provide a modernized and enlarged study. We present an\nempirical comparison of 32 state-of-the-art optimization techniques on a corpus\nof 2,453 energy minimization instances from diverse applications in computer\nvision. To ensure reproducibility, we evaluate all methods in the OpenGM 2\nframework and report extensive results regarding runtime and solution quality.\nKey insights from our study agree with the results of Szeliski et al. for the\ntypes of models they studied. However, on new and challenging types of models\nour findings disagree and suggest that polyhedral methods and integer\nprogramming solvers are competitive in terms of runtime and solution quality\nover a large range of model types.\n
Membrane Protein Insertion Regulated by Bringing Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions into Play (2002)

The study of the membrane insertion of the translocation domain of diphtheria toxin deepens our insight into the interactions between proteins and membranes. During cell intoxication, this domain undergoes a change from a soluble and folded state at alkaline pH to a functional membrane-inserted state at acid pH. We found that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions occur in a sequential manner between the domain and the membrane during the insertion. The first step involves hydrophobic interactions by the C-terminal region. This is because of the pH-induced formation of a molten globule specialized for binding to the membrane. Accumulation of this molten globule follows a precise molecular mechanism adapted to the toxin function. The second step, as the pH decreases, leads to the functional inserted state. It arises from the changes in the balance of electrostatic attractions and repulsions between the N-terminal part and the membrane. Our study shows how the structural changes and the interaction with membranes of the translocation domain are finely tuned by pH changes to take advantage of the cellular uptake system.
α-Carboxy-β-Lactones from Photoinduced Ring Contraction of 3-Diazodihydrofuran-2,4-diones (2013)

β-Lactones were prepared by irradiation of 3-diazodihydrofuran-2,4-diones via Wolff rearrangement proceeding with retention of the configuration of the migrating carbon atom. In the presence of alcohols or thiols, but not amines, the corresponding 3-(alkoxycarbonyl)- or 3-[(alkylsulfanyl)carbonyl]-β-lactones were obtained. 5-Alkyl-3-diazodihydrofuran-2,4-diones gave exclusively <i>trans</i>-3,4-disubstituted β-lactones.
General practices of HVDC modeling and simulation (2020)

In this paper modeling and simulation of HVDC transmission have been considered essential for the HVDC project planning, commissioning, and operation. The fundamental difference in the modeling and simulation of the power grid with HVDC is the inclusion of the power electronic systems. According to the selection of circuit variables, the modeling for HVDC can be further classified into electromagnetic modeling (EMT) and electromechanical modeling or transient stability. The properties of the electric power grid with HVDC are different from the traditional electromechanical power system with the small transient time constant, nonlinearity, and time varying. The mathematical modeling for a power system with HVDC means a group of differential and or algebraic, Boolean equations will be established. The simulation procedure usually resorts to the pertinent numerical computation method. The utilization of tensor analysis and Diakoptics facilitates the con-struction of a flexible mathematical model of the complete systems of multi-converter stations and associated AC circuitry. The dynamic phenomena such as oscillation and harmonic instability have been successfully studied with the small-signal analysis. Varieties of models of HVDC have been developed and integrated in the well-recognized digital simulation software such as EMTDC/PSCAD, BPA, MATLAB, and PSS/E.
CalCROP21: A Georeferenced multi-spectral dataset of Satellite Imagery and Crop Labels (2021)

Mapping and monitoring crops is a key step to-wards sustainable intensification of agriculture and addressing global food security. A dataset like ImageNet that revolutionized computer vision applications can accelerate development of novel crop mapping techniques. Currently, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) annually releases the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) which contains crop labels at 30m resolution for the entire United States of America. While CDL is state of the art and is widely used for a number of agricultural applications, it has a number of limitations (e.g., pixelated errors, labels carried over from previous years and errors in classification of minor crops). In this work, we create a new semantic segmentation benchmark dataset, which we call CalCROP21, for the diverse crops in the Central Valley region of California at 10m spatial resolution using a Google Earth Engine based robust image processing pipeline and a novel attention based spatio-temporal semantic segmentation algorithm STATT. STATT uses re-sampled (interpolated) CDL labels for training, but is able to generate a better prediction than CDL by leveraging spatial and temporal patterns in Sentinel2 multi-spectral image series to effectively capture phenologic differences amongst crops and uses attention to reduce the impact of clouds and other atmospheric disturbances. We also present a comprehensive evaluation to show that STATT has significantly better results when compared to the resampled CDL labels. We have released the dataset and the processing pipeline code for generating the benchmark dataset.
Delayed gastric emptying following pancreatoduodenectomy with alimentary reconstruction according to Roux-en-Y or Billroth-II (2017)

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00011860 . Registered 14 March 2017.
The impact of chronic kidney disease on outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with complex coronary artery disease: five-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial (2018)

During a five-year follow-up, adverse event rates were comparable between PCI and CABG patients with moderate CKD but significantly higher compared to the patients with impaired or normal kidney function. The negative impact of CKD on long-term outcome following PCI appears to be stronger when compared to CABG, especially in the CKD patients with diabetes and extensive coronary disease.
Overlap reduction in symbolic system traversal (2006)

A divide-and-conquer approach in BDD-based verification to handle larger designs is to partition BDDs exceeding a threshold size and to deal with the partitions separately. Crossover transitions to the same state cause the main problem of this methodology, because they result in overlap of the partitions and thus introduce redundant computations when dealing with the partitions. In this paper we describe an algorithm for splitting Boolean functions representing state sets of synchronous systems such that in subsequent symbolic traversal of the resulting subsets the state set overlap is reduced. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our splitting algorithm by applying it in sequential and distributed versions of a bounded property checking algorithm. Also, a dynamic extension to static overlap reduction is sketched.