gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exciton Dynamics and Biexciton Formation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Studied with Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (2008)

We used femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to examine the excited state dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles embedded in polymer matrices. The SWNTs were excited by a femtosecond pump pulse centered at either 1800, 900, or 550 nm and probed using a white-light continuum extending from 400 to 750 nm. We observed a structured TA spectrum consisting of a series of narrow induced transmission (IT) and induced absorption (IA) bands. The TA spectrum, which is independent of excitation wavelength, appeared on a time scale shorter than our instrument response (200 fs) and persisted for up to 100 ps. TA spectra obtained at a series of pump−probe delay times provided a window through which to monitor the exciton dynamics. We observed three distinct spectral signatures in the time-dependent data: (1) the decay of a broad photobleach, (2) the biphasic decay of narrow IT and IA features, and (3) a dynamical spectral shift of IA bands. These processes were attributed to plasmon relaxation, electron−hole recombination, and lattice relaxation associated with exciton self-trapping, respectively. Analysis of the transient spectrum suggested that it arose from a nonlinear optical response of the SWNT, where excitons produced by the pump pulse modified the transition frequencies of subsequent carrier excitations. The result was a series of IT bands (bleaches) at the ground state absorption frequencies, and associated with each was a corresponding red-shifted absorption band. These induced absorptions were attributed to the formation of biexcitons, four-particle excitations that are produced through the sequential excitation of two closely spaced electron−hole pairs.
Chirped Phase Mask Interferometer for Fiber Bragg Grating Array Inscription (2015)

We present a phase mask inscription technique with two beam interferometry using a lateral nonhomogeneous beam splitter to create gratings with nonhomogeneous periods, the so-called chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Inscription experiments with deep ultraviolet excimer and femtosecond laser sources reveal how this inscription method depends on the coherence properties of the inscription laser. Nonhomogeneous beam splitters are shown to provide a method to generate chirped fiber Bragg gratings with great wavelength versatility, even with the ultraviolet femtosecond laser.
Increasing single mode power of 13-μm VCSELs by output coupling optimization (2015)

We report on the single mode emission power enhancement of 1.3-μm VCSELs by adjusting the reflectivity of the top GaAs-based DBR for output coupling optimization using selective removal of Bragg reflector layers. Devices with record single mode power of 6.8-mW at room temperature and 2.8-mW at 80°C, with more than 30 dB single mode suppression ratio, have been obtained.
Real-time intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography for vitreoretinal surgery (2010)

Vitreoretinal surgery visualization is inherently limited by the ability to distinguish between tissues with subtle contrast, and to judge the location of an object relative to other retinal substructures. Inherent issues in visualizing thin translucent tissues, in contrast to underlying semitransparent ones, require the use of stains such as indocyanine green, which is toxic to retinal tissue. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) has demonstrated strong clinical success in retinal imaging, enabling high-resolution, motion-artifact-free cross-sectional imaging and rapid accumulation of volumetric macular datasets. Current generation SDOCT systems achieve &lt;5 &mu;m axial resolutions in tissue, and have been used to obtain high resolution datasets from patients with various retinopathies. While OCT imaging has been considered for various non-ophthalmic intrasurgical applications, it is uniquely suited for vitreoretinal surgery where multiple layers of the retinal structure are readily accessible, and where high resolution cross-sectional viewing can have an impact on surgery as it is performed today. Real-time cross-sectional OCT imaging would also provide critical information relevant to the location and deformation of structures that may shift during surgery. Here, we demonstrate an opto-mechanical design for an intraoperative microscope-mounted OCT system (MMOCT) and preliminary in vivo human retinal imaging using this system in a test subject. By adapting an Oculus Binocular Indirect Ophthalmo-Microscope (BIOM3) suspended from a Leica microscope with SDOCT scanning and relay optics, we have demonstrated real-time cross-sectional imaging of multiple layers of the retinal structure, allowing for SDOCT augmented intrasurgical microscopy for intraocular visualization.
Mechanism for Heteroepitaxial Growth of Transparent P-Type Semiconductor:  LaCuOS by Reactive Solid-Phase Epitaxy (2003)

A unique epitaxial growth method, reactive solid-phase epitaxy, was used to fabricate heteroepitaxial thin films of LaCuOS, a transparent p-type semiconductor with layered structure. The epitaxial growth mechanism is examined through microscopic observations. A thin metallic Cu layer deposited between the amorphous LaCuOS (a-LaCuOS) and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single-crystal substrate before thermally annealing is a key to realizing the epitaxial LaCuOS films in this process. To grow the epitaxial films, it is critical for the Cu layer to have a discontinuous structure with triple junctions among the Cu, a-LaCuOS layer, and the YSZ substrate. The Cu layer is needed to create seed grains for the epitaxial LaCuOS at the junctions. The resulting seed grains work as an epitaxy template for subsequent epitaxial growth from the substrate to the film's top surface, and high temperatures such as 1000 °C are necessary to completely convert the a-LaCuOS layer to an epitaxial layer.
Optimization, performance and limitations of monolithic polycrystalline silicon distributed RC devices (1979)

New monolithic distributed resistor-capacitor structures (DRCs) for the realization of unique high-performance integrated filters have been characterized, optimized, and realized. These devices are implemented in polycrystalline silicon utilizing its unique properties such as high resistivity and linearity, controllable temperature sensitivity, associated distributed capacitance, and complete compatibility with both BJT and MOST fabrication processes. Parameters affecting thee properties have been studied, characterized, and used for the optimization and limitation analysis of the distributed devices. Highly-reproducible monolithic constant phase-shift filters have been fabricated simultaneously with bipolar devices resulting a frequency response accurate to within 0.04 dB over a range of 100 Hz to 40 kHz. A lumped realization of such filters would require at least 20 components with a matching better than 0.5% and more than five times increase in chip area.
Latent variable models for uncovering motor cortical ensemble dynamics (2017)

Neural activity is dynamic at various spatiotemporal scales. We consider a general class of latent variable models for analyses of neuronal ensemble spikes. Specifically, the latent variable follows a Markovian dynamics, and the observations are modulated by the latent state variable through an assumed or unknown mapping function. The inference of latent variable models lead to novel solutions for unsupervised decoding analysis, data visualization, variable and model selection. We propose two unsupervised analysis paradigms and assess the validity of the proposed approaches by computer simulations and experimental population spike data recorded from monkey's primary motor cortices during orofacial movement.
Bipolar silicon high-power semiconductors for pulsed power - devices, applications, limits (2004)

For many years, Eupec has manufactured bipolar high-voltage semiconductor devices that, after appropriate modifications, are also suitable for pulsed power applications. This is particularly true for direct light-triggered thyristors (LTTs) with breakdown voltages up to 8 kV and for soft recovery diodes with breakdown voltages up to 9 kV. Presently, Eupec is developing 13-kV LTTs and 13-kV diodes. By using such high-voltage rectifiers, the number of components in applications with several devices connected in series can be reduced, saving money and improving reliability of the total system. Typical application areas of high-voltage rectifiers in the field of pulsed power applications are reviewed in this paper
Author Correction: A single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq toolbox for fresh and frozen human tumors (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Supplementary Figure 7A-B from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7A-B from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus
Cholesteric Liquid Crystals from Cellulose Derivatives with Alkyl Ether Groups (2020)

In this study, we synthesized hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) derivatives possessing alkyl ether side chains through Williamson ether synthesis. Such HPC ether derivatives exhibited thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) with Bragg reflection. The temperature dependence of reflection wavelength could be controlled by changing the side chain lengths and etherification degrees in the HPC derivatives. Moreover, the thermal stability of both HPC ester and ether was evaluated before and after heating at 60 ℃ for 20 days. The reflection peak of HPC ester shifted to the longer wavelength upon the heating treatment due to the hydrolysis of ester linkage. On the other hand, we found that the reflection peak of HPC ether can be robustly preserved even after the prolonged heating treatment, arising from the thermal stability of ether linkage. The rational approach addressed here provides promising clues to fabricate the stable photonic CLC devices with refection features by exploiting anti-hydrolysis of the cellulose ether derivatives.
A Chemical Probe for the ATAD2 Bromodomain (2016)

Abstract ATAD2 is a cancer‐associated protein whose bromodomain has been described as among the least druggable of that target class. Starting from a potent lead, permeability and selectivity were improved through a dual approach: 1) using CF 2 as a sulfone bio‐isostere to exploit the unique properties of fluorine, and 2) using 1,3‐interactions to control the conformation of a piperidine ring. This resulted in the first reported low‐nanomolar, selective and cell permeable chemical probe for ATAD2.
IL-6 fuels durable memory for Th17 cell-mediated responses to tumors (2020)

Abstract Accessibility of T cell transfer therapies is hindered by cost and time required for product development. We found that shortening ex vivo expansion of Th17 cells licenses a proinflammatory cell product which induces cytokine storm with high levels of systemic IL-6 in tumor-bearing hosts. Unique from other helper subsets, briefly expanded Th17 cells eradicate large tumors in low doses and generate long-lived memory against tumor rechallenge, suggesting a benefit to the inflammatory state. As the toxicity of cytokine release is managed in patients through IL-6 blockade, we addressed the physiologic impact of IL-6 on efficacy and durability of Th17 cell therapy in this immunocompetent model. We hypothesized that peak IL-6 induced by Th17 cells was critical to their durable memory properties. To address this, we used the TRP-1 transgenic mouse model where CD4+ T cells express a TCR that recognizes TRP-1 of B16F10 melanoma. Acute IL-6 blockade post Th17 transfer did not impact the primary antitumor response, yet abrogated long-term responses by promoting tumor relapse upon secondary challenge. Mechanistically, IL-6 blockade reduced pSTAT3 and Bcl2 in transferred T cells and promoted a greater frequency of FoxP3+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood and tumor-draining lymph nodes. Finally, serum IL-6 was inversely correlated with engraftment of tumor-specific Tregs from the transferred product. Overall, short-term expanded Th17 cells uniquely induce IL-6, which promotes Th17 survival, suppresses engraftment of tumor-specific Tregs, and is critical to durable memory. This work may suggest that the universal strategy to inhibit IL-6 during cytokine release syndrome may come at the expense of long-term efficacy for cell therapy.
Detection of abnormalities in biological tissue using optical coherence tomography (2008)

We studied the performance of an OCT imaging modality on the task of detecting an abnormality in biological tissue. Optical propagation in biological samples is dominated by scattering due to fluctuations in refractive index. We used the first order multiple scattering approximation to describe the scattered field from the tissue. The biological tissue was described by it permittivity field and the corresponding scattering potential. The normal state of the tissue (the background) was modeled as a spatial Poisson field of randomly distributed scattering centers, and the abnormality (the target) as a region with a higher concentration of scattering centers embedded in the background. The target detectability was then calculated using a quadratic observer. We considered the effect of fluctuations from the broadband source, the shot noise fluctuation of the imaging system, and the scattering noise due to refractive index fluctuation in the biological tissue. We also studied the detectability of an embedded abnormality in biological tissue with respect to to size of th abnormality.
Characterization of Slow-Light in a LIL-Fabricated Si3N4 Waveguide Grating (2005)

The paper presents results of a study of slow light excitation and power enhancement on a waveguide with a grated section. The 500 periods grating was successfully fabricated by combining a conventional mask lithography step with laser interference lithography. The grating was characterized using both an end-fire and an infrared camera setup to measure respectively the transmission and to map and quantify the power scattered out of the grating. We report an estimated factor for the group velocity slowdown in a finite periodic structure of about 10 times, corresponding to a speed of 0.1c.
Handheld adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2018)

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) has enabled in vivo visualization and enhanced understanding of retinal structure and function. Current generation AOSLOs have a large footprint and are mainly limited to imaging cooperative adult subjects. To extend the application of AOSLO to new patient populations, we have designed the first portable handheld AOSLO (HAOSLO) system. By incorporating a novel computational wavefront sensorless AO algorithm and custom optics, we have miniaturized our HAOSLO to weigh less than 200 grams. HAOSLO imaged the cones closest to the fovea with a handheld probe in adults and captured the first AO-enhanced image of cones in infants.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of 1‐Azabicyclo(5.3.0)decane. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide‐Based Fluorescent Biosensors (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improving biocuration of microRNAs in diseases: a case study in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression posttranscriptionally. They play important roles in several biological processes, and in recent years there has been an interest in studying how they are related to the pathogenesis of diseases. Although there are already some databases that contain information for miRNAs and their relation with illnesses, their curation represents a significant challenge due to the amount of information that is being generated every day. In particular, respiratory diseases are poorly documented in databases, despite the fact that they are of increasing concern regarding morbidity, mortality and economic impacts. In this work, we present the results that we obtained in the BioCreative Interactive Track (IAT), using a semiautomatic approach for improving biocuration of miRNAs related to diseases. Our procedures will be useful to complement databases that contain this type of information. We adapted the OntoGene text mining pipeline and the ODIN curation system in a full-text corpus of scientific publications concerning one specific respiratory disease: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the most common and aggressive of the idiopathic interstitial cases of pneumonia. We curated 823 miRNA text snippets and found a total of 246 miRNAs related to this disease based on our semiautomatic approach with the system OntoGene/ODIN. The biocuration throughput improved by a factor of 12 compared with traditional manual biocuration. A significant advantage of our semiautomatic pipeline is that it can be applied to obtain the miRNAs of all the respiratory diseases and offers the possibility to be used for other illnesses. Database URL:http://odin.ccg.unam.mx/ODIN/bc2015-miRNA/
Removal of Nanoparticles With Laser Induced Plasma (2008)

A review of the recent progress in the understanding of the laser induced plasma (LIP) technique utilized for nanoparticle removal is presented. LIP nanoparticle removal technique has been successfully demonstrated for removal of 10–60 nm polystyrene latex (PSL) particles from silicon substrates. The motivation for LIP technique stems from the requirement for defect-free cleaning of wafers and lithography photomasks in the semiconductor and microelectronic fabrication industries as well as nanotechnology. The principle of LIP nanoparticle removal technique and progress in its applications as well as the LIP blast wave propagation are reviewed. In recent computational studies, the effects of the two consequences of LIP application, namely, radiation heating from the plasma core and the LIP shockwave thermo-mechanical (pressure and temperature) loading on the substrate and subsequent potential damage are investigated. Removal thresholds for polystyrene latex (PSL) nanoparticles from chromium (Cr) nanofilms using the LIP technique in air are reported. Rolling resistance moment as a particle removal mechanism is discussed and the main results and its implications in nanoparticle removal are summarized. For removal of smaller particles, pressure amplification techniques are employed to replace the in-air LIP. To achieve this purpose, shock tubes in air, wet-LIP and shock tubes submerged in water were investigated for obtaining maximized pressure levels. It is reported that the shockwave pressure can be substantially increased so that submerged shock tubes can generate pressure levels sufficient to remove particles as small as sub-10 nm.
Superplasticity of ultrafine-grained Al-3%Mg-0.2%Sc alloy produced by equal-channel angular pressing. (2000)

This paper describes grain refinement of an Al–3%Mg–0.2%Sc alloy using the equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique at room temperature. It is shown that a grain size of 0.2μm is obtained with this technique. The paper also presents the results of tensile tests for the fine-grained Al–3%Mg–0.2%Sc alloy over a wide range of strain rates. Elongations of more than 1000% are attained at a temperature of 673 K in a high strain rate range of more than 10−2 s−1. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning ion microscopy are employed for microstructural observations before and after tensile testing. The results are compared with those of a cold-rolled Al–3%Mg–0.2%Sc alloy. It is demonstrated that grain refinement using the ECAP technique is useful for the production of Al alloys exhibiting high strain rate superplasticity.
Wideband tapered antipodal fin-line waveguide-to-microstrip transition for E-band applications (2013)

In this paper design of a wideband low loss tapered antipodal fin-line waveguide-to-microstrip transition operating in the 63-90 GHz frequency band is presented. The transition structure consists of a metal body containing a standard WR12 waveguide and a printed circuit board (PCB) with tapered antipodal fin-line fabricated using standard high frequency PCB technology Rogers RO4003C. The transition is realized by clamping the PCB between two halves of the metal body. All parameters of the designed transition are optimized for superior performance in the 71-86 GHz band that is dedicated for backhaul systems of mobile networks. Measurement results of the designed waveguide-to-microstrip transition show that it provides a large transmission bandwidth of 63-90 GHz (> 27 GHz) for the 10 dB level of return loss. The measured average insertion loss is about 0.6 dB in the 71-86 GHz frequency band and is lower than 1.1 dB in all the E-band from 60 GHz to 90 GHz. Hence, the achieved characteristics are sufficient for use the designed transition in various E-band applications such as WLAN/WPAN communications, 71-76/81-86 GHz wireless backhaul systems, and 77 GHz automotive radars.
Recent progress in picosecond ultrasonic process metrology (2001)

We discuss the use of the picosecond ultrasonics technique for characterizing several challenging processes which are common in sub-0.18 micron processes. Specific processes considered are reactive TaN, RTP-CoSi2, and damascene copper. We describe the transition from one- to two- dimensional acoustical excitations in damascene copper lines, and show how picosecond ultrasonics measurements can be used in to make high throughput, all-optical copper line CD measurements.
A molecular “screw-clamp”: accelerating click reactions in miniemulsions (2014)

The interface as a "screw clamp": the copper-free 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition at the interface of nanodroplets in miniemulsions was studied in detail by NMR spectroscopic methods. The reaction at the oil-water interface proved to exhibit higher rate constants, increased molecular weights and high regioregularity compared to the reaction in solution.
IID572: A New Potentially Best-In-Class β-Lactamase Inhibitor (2019)

Resistance in Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam drugs is mediated primarily by the expression of β-lactamases, and co-dosing of β-lactams with a β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) is a clinically proven strategy to address resistance. New β-lactamases that are not impacted by existing BLIs are spreading and creating the need for development of novel broader spectrum BLIs. IID572 is a novel broad spectrum BLI of the diazabicyclooctane (DBO) class that is able to restore the antibacterial activity of piperacillin against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant clinical isolates. IID572 is differentiated from other DBOs by its broad inhibition of β-lactamases and the lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity.