gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Global Irradiance Decomposition by Sky Condition Classification from Measured Spectral Clearness Indices (2020)

This manuscript describes a decomposition algorithm for deriving the broadband direct normal (DNI) and diffuse horizontal (DHI) irradiances from one-minute spectral global horizontal irradiance measurements performed by the SolarSIM-G. The algorithm was calibrated and validated at four stations across Canada (Ottawa, Varennes, Egbert, and Devon) and at one station in China (Xianghe), which cumulatively represent a seven-year data set. For the DNI estimation, the root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 26 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 48 W/m2, while the largest mean bias error (MBE) was 4 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . For the DHI estimation, the RMSE ranged from 14 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 27 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while the largest MBE was 3 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In addition, the integrated DNI and DHI errors for each station were less than 1% and 2%, respectively. The described method is an alternative to other measurement techniques for obtaining all three irradiance components.
Distribution of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in normal human pituitary. (1979)

Recent immunohistochemical demonstration of calcitonin in rat pituitary has suggested that calcitonin, in addition to ACTH, endorphins, lipotropins, and melanocyte-stimulating hormones might be derived from a 31,000-dalton glycoprotein percursor molecule. This immunoperoxidase study demonstrates a similar distribution for beta-endorphin and ACTH immunoreactivity in human pituitary; however, the two peptides are not necessarily present in the same cells at all times. Calcitonin could not be demonstrated in human pituitary under conditions suitable for demonstration of the peptide in thyroid C cells. Weakly positive immunostaining could be obtained only with much increase in antiserum concentration and length of incubation, and higher concentrations of calcitonin were needed to abolish staining in preabsorption studies. It thus appears that the immunoreactive calcitonin in human pituitary differs from that in thyroid C cells. Likewise, we could not demonstrate immunoreactive endorphin in any developmental stage of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Our study suggests that caution should be applied in considering a physiologic role for calcitonin in the pituitary and in postulating a common peptide origin for endorphin and calcitonin in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 1,2‐Diarylcyclopentenes are Selective, Potent, and Orally Active Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of 5G Enabled Control Loops for Production (2020)

Concepts such as Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things aim for a digital transformation of manufacturing companies. One aspect that is to be transformed is the shop floor, where the interconnection of machines and sensor devices plays a major role. 5G positions itself to be a key technology to enable this transformation by providing reliable, low latency, and high bandwidth communication which is required by industrial use cases. However, so far it is still unclear which role 5G will play in industrial networks and how it can be integrated into existing factory ecosystems. Therefore, this paper presents three different data flow architectures that illustrate how 5G can be integrated into the production IT and how it can coexist with a factory cloud system. Furthermore, we describe a use case that reflects typical industrial communication requirements and will be used in the future to evaluate the different architectures. We conclude by presenting a validation plan and an outlook on future work.
Effect of preparation method for radioactive iodine therapy on serum electrolytes (2023)

THW and rhTSH affect serum sodium and potassium levels differently. Renal function may be risk factors for hyperkalemia, whereas older age may be a risk factor for hyponatremia.
Simultaneous retrieval of atmospheric CO2 and light path modification from space-based spectroscopic observations of greenhouse gases: methodology and application to GOSAT measurements over TCCON sites (2013)

This paper presents an improved photon path length probability density function method that permits simultaneous retrievals of column-average greenhouse gas mole fractions and light path modifications through the atmosphere when processing high-resolution radiance spectra acquired from space. We primarily describe the methodology and retrieval setup and then apply them to the processing of spectra measured by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We have demonstrated substantial improvements of the data processing with simultaneous carbon dioxide and light path retrievals and reasonable agreement of the satellite-based retrievals against ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer measurements provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).
Enhanced microdialysis of neuropeptides. (2001)

An enhanced microdialysis method for neuropeptides is described and some preliminary results of this novel approach are presented. The enhancement is achieved by adding a vehicle (solid support) to the perfusion fluid in order to increase the diffusion coefficient across the membrane and efficiently transport the analytes towards the detector. The microdialysis samples are desalted and then analyzed on an electrospray ionization orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The preliminary results show major increase in signal when comparing this new approach of microdialysis with ordinary microdialysis.
Functional Imaging of Cannabinoid‐Mediated G‐Protein Activity in the 3D Reconstructed Mouse Brain (2008)

Receptor‐mediated G‐protein activity has been examined in select regions that mediate the effects of cannabinoids (CBs). However, the relationship between ligand type and region specific CB receptor function has not been systematically addressed using a novel 3D unbiased image analysis approach. We first mapped the anatomical profile of the relative efficacy of the CB agonists WIN 55,212‐2 (WIN), CP‐55,940 (CP), methanandamide (M‐AEA) using agonist‐stimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS autoradiography, and data were normalized to %WIN stimulation. M‐AEA and CP were less efficacious than WIN in most regions, however both were equally or more efficacious than WIN in the thalamus and subset of cortex. We then used a voxel‐based approach, Statistical Parametric Mapping, to functionally map WIN‐ v.s. M‐AEA‐stimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS binding in the 3D reconstructed mouse brain. WIN activity was significantly greater than M‐AEA in most regions, which is in agreement with WIN acting as a full agonist. However, WIN activity was not different from M‐AEA in most thalamic nuclei, in agreement with our relative efficacy maps. The ability to reconstruct a 3D dataset from autoradiographs enhances our ability to examine ligand dependent regulation of CB receptor function. Using a whole‐brain approach allows us to comprehensively localize the spatial extent and regional differences in CB‐mediated G‐protein activity. Supported by DA14277
A novel technique for die-level post-processing of released optical MEMS (2016)

This work presents a novel die-level post-processing technique for dies including released movable structures. The procedure was applied to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) chips that were fabricated in a commercial process, SOIMUMPs from MEMSCAP. It allows the performance of a clean DRIE etch of sidewalls on the diced chips enabling the optical testing of the pre-released MEMS mirrors through the chip edges. The etched patterns are defined by photolithography using photoresist spray coating. The photoresist thickness is tuned to create photoresist bridges over the pre-released gaps, protecting the released structures during subsequent wet processing steps. Then, the chips are subject to a sequence of wet and dry etching steps prior to dry photoresist removal in O2 plasma. Processed micromirrors were tested and found to rotate similarly to devices without processing, demonstrating that the post-processing procedure does not affect the mechanical performance of the devices significantly.
Modal Delay and Bandwidth Measurements of Bi-Modal Fibers Facilitated by Analytical Transfer Function Model (2019)

We propose a simple and robust method for measuring fiber modal delay and bandwidth of bi-modal optical fibers using frequency domain method. An analytical transfer function model was formulated with excellent agreement with experimental results.
Estimating canopy fuel characteristics in five conifer stands in the western United States using tree and stand measurements (2006)

Assessment of crown fire potential requires quantification of canopy fuels. In this study, canopy fuels were measured destructively on plots in five Interior West conifer stands. Observed canopy bulk density, canopy fuel load, and vertical profiles of canopy fuels are compared with those estimated from stand data using several computational techniques. An allometric approach to estimating these canopy fuel characteristics was useful, but, for accuracy, estimates of vertical biomass distribution and site-adjustment factors were required. Available crown fuel was estimated separately for each tree according to species, diameter, and crown class. The vertical distribution of this fuel was then modeled within each tree crown on the basis of tree height and crown base height. Summing across trees within the stand at every height yielded an estimated vertical profile of canopy fuel that approximated the observed distribution.
Built-in self test using perturbed deterministic patterns (2003)

A built-in self-test method that applies perturbed deterministic patterns (PDPs) generated by an on-chip memory and compresses signatures on-chip is presented. The deterministic patterns are perturbed using a predefined algorithm. Software and hardware implementation in a level-sensitive-scan design environment are described. Using six industrial benchmarks as examples, it is shown that the PDP test generator provides an equivalent or better test coverage than a deterministic test generator or a pseudorandom pattern generator. The number of patterns to be stored is much smaller than when using deterministic patterns, while the number of PDPs to be applied to the device under test is much smaller than when using pseudorandom patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hplc Determination of Caffeic in Yacon Leaves from Sichuan and Yunnan (2010)

Objective:To set up the method of determining the content of caffeic acid in yacon leaves,and determining the content of it in different seasons and fields.The determining can provide the reference to medicinal developing.Methods: Taking the content of caffeic acid as the index,using HPLC to determining the content of it in different seasons and fields.Chromatographic column: Dikma Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);Mobile phase: A 0.5% phosphoric acid of water,B Acetonitrile,gradient elution: 0～30min,10%～70%(Acetonitrile);Flow velocity: 1 mL/min;Column temperature: 25℃;Detection wavelength: 323nm.Rusults:The content of caffeic acid is in the range of 0.04～2.69μg,the sample size has a good linear relation with the peak area integral.r=0.9990;average recovery rate is 98.06%,RSD=0.55%.Conclusions: The method was accurate,rapid and simple for quantitative analysis of the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius.
A resected case of hepatic malignant lymphoma presenting as abdominal pain (2012)

症例は38歳，男性．心窩部痛と発熱を主訴に前医を受診，肝左葉に巨大腫瘤を認め当院紹介受診となった．検査所見ではALP，LDH，CRP，可溶性インターロイキン2受容体値が上昇，腫瘍マーカーは正常範囲内であった．画像上病変は肝左葉に径約20cm大の境界明瞭な乏血性の腫瘍として描出され，肝十二指腸間膜周囲と胃周囲のリンパ節腫大を認めた．確定診断には至らなかったが腫瘍が増大傾向であり心窩部痛と腹部膨満感も著しかったため手術を施行した．切除した腫瘍は白色，充実性の腫瘍であった．病理組織検査で異型細胞のびまん性増殖を認め，免疫染色法でCD20陽性，Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaと診断された．術後のPET-CTで肝外のリンパ節にも異常集積を認め全身化学療法（R-CHOP療法）を施行して完全奏効となった．上腹部痛を契機に診断された肝悪性リンパ腫の1切除症例を経験したため報告する．
Synthesis of (−)-Matairesinol, (−)-Enterolactone, and (−)-Enterodiol from the Natural Lignan Hydroxymatairesinol (2003)

[reaction: see text] We describe here a four-step semisynthetic method for the preparation of enantiomerically pure (-)-enterolactone starting from the readily available lignan hydroxymatairesinol from Norway spruce (Picea abies). Hydroxymatairesinol was first hydrogenated to matairesinol. Matairesinol was esterified to afford the matairesinyl 4,4'-bistriflate, which was deoxygenated by palladium-catalyzed reduction to 3,3'-dimethylenterolactone. Demethylation of 3,3'-dimethylenterolactone and reduction with LiAlH(4) yielded (-)-enterolactone and (-)-enterodiol, respectively.
Raman Spectroscopy for Early Detection of Laryngeal Malignancy: Preliminary Results (2000)

There was strong evidence to support spectral identification of malignancy and earlier abnormal changes. More substantive studies of the spectral differences between malignant and non-neoplastic tissue are warranted. Raman spectroscopy may become a useful adjunct to pathological diagnosis allowing directed or guided biopsies and assessment of adequacy of resection margins.
Supplemental Figure 3 from The MDM2 Inhibitor AMG 232 Demonstrates Robust Antitumor Efficacy and Potentiates the Activity of p53-Inducing Cytotoxic Agents (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3. Body weights of mice in xenograft efficacy studies&lt;/p&gt;
System and method for extracting a sample from a surface (2023)

A system and method is disclosed for extracting a sample from a sample surface. A sample is provided and a sample surface receives the sample which is deposited on the sample surface. A hydrophobic material is applied to the sample surface, and one or more devices are configured to dispense a liquid on the sample, the liquid dissolving the sample to form a dissolved sample material, and the one or more devices are configured to extract the dissolved sample material from the sample surface.
Threshold-dependent repression of SPL gene expression by miR156/miR157 controls vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana (2018)

Vegetative phase change is regulated by a decrease in the abundance of the miRNAs, miR156 and miR157, and the resulting increase in the expression of their targets, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors. To determine how miR156/miR157 specify the quantitative and qualitative changes in leaf morphology that occur during vegetative phase change, we measured their abundance in successive leaves and characterized the phenotype of mutations in different MIR156 and MIR157 genes. miR156/miR157 decline rapidly between leaf 1&2 and leaf 3 and decrease more slowly after this point. The amount of miR156/miR157 in leaves 1&2 greatly exceeds the threshold required to specify their identity. Subsequent leaves have relatively low levels of miR156/miR157 and are sensitive to small changes in their abundance. In these later-formed leaves, the amount of miR156/miR157 is close to the threshold required to specify juvenile vs. adult identity; a relatively small decrease in the abundance of miR156/157 in these leaves produces a disproportionately large increase in SPL proteins and a significant change in leaf morphology. miR157 is more abundant than miR156 but has a smaller effect on shoot morphology and SPL gene expression than miR156. This may be attributable to the inefficiency with which miR157 is loaded onto AGO1, as well as to the presence of an extra nucleotide at the 5' end of miR157 that is mis-paired in the miR157:SPL13 duplex. miR156 represses different targets by different mechanisms: it regulates SPL9 by a combination of transcript cleavage and translational repression and regulates SPL13 primarily by translational repression. Our results offer a molecular explanation for the changes in leaf morphology that occur during shoot development in Arabidopsis and provide new insights into the mechanism by which miR156 and miR157 regulate gene expression.
System concept of an integrated RF-optical transceiver for deep space TT&C (2005)

This work reports on an integrated RF-optical TT&C subsystem that can achieve increased TM link capacity but with almost the same mass and less power consumption than a conventional X-band or even upcoming Ka-band TT&C subsystem. Overall system design aspects are discussed, including considerations on atmospheric turbulence that significantly influence the achievable TM rate. The paper focuses on on-board terminal aspects and outlines the design approach to an optical deep space link (O-DSL) that is based on state-of-the-art technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Toward the Discovery of the Next Generation of Antidepressants. Part 2. Incorporating a 5‐HT1A Antagonist Component into a Class of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Nerve growth factor signaling regulates motility and docking of axonal mitochondria. (2004)

Axonal transport is thought to distribute mitochondria to regions of the neuron where their functions are required. In cultured neurons, mitochondrial transport responds to growth cone activity, and this involves both a transition between motile and stationary states of mitochondria and modulation of their anterograde transport activity. Although the exact cellular signals responsible for this regulation remain unknown, we recently showed that mitochondria accumulate in sensory neurons at regions of focal stimulation with NGF and suggested that this involves downstream kinase signaling. Here, we demonstrate that NGF regulation of axonal organelle transport is specific to mitochondria. Quantitative analyses of motility show that the accumulation of axonal mitochondria near a focus of NGF stimulation is due to increased movement into bead regions followed by inhibition of movement out of these regions and that anterograde and retrograde movement are differentially affected. In axons made devoid of F-actin by latrunculin B treatment, bidirectional transport of mitochondria continues, but they can no longer accumulate in the region of NGF stimulation. These results indicate that intracellular signaling can specifically regulate mitochondrial transport in neurons, and they suggest that axonal mitochondria can respond to signals by locally altering their transport behavior and by undergoing docking interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. PMID: 15268858 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: NS27073 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS027073-18
Identifying FDA-approved drugs with multimodal properties against COVID-19 using a data-driven approach and a lung organoid model of SARS-CoV-2 entry (2021)

Small clinical studies reported that general statin use, and specifically, atorvastatin use, are associated with protective effects against COVID-19. Our study corroborrates these findings and supports the investigation of atorvastatin in larger clinical studies. Ultimately, our framework demonstrates one promising way to fast-track the identification of compounds for COVID-19, which could similarly be applied when tackling future pandemics.
Extracting named entities and relating them over time based on Wikipedia (2007)

This paper presents an approach to mining information relating people, places, organizations and events extracted from Wikipedia and linking them on a time scale. The approach consists of two phases: (1) identifying relevant pages - categorizing the articles as containing people, places or organizations; (2) generating timeline - linking named entities and extracting events and their time frame. We illustrate the proposed approach on 1.7 million Wikipedia articles. Povzetek: Predstavljene so metode rudarjenja informacij iz Wikipedie in urejanje v
Antigen-Induced Murine B Cell Lymphomas (1978)

Abstract In the accompanying report, we have described the characterization of two unusual murine B cell lymphomas, CH1 and CH2. A heterologous antiserum, which we refer to as “anti-idiotype” serum, has been raised to the detergent-solubilized surface immunoglobulin of CH1. The following criteria have established that this antiserum is specific for the CH1 tumor and that it reacts with V region determinants of the tumor surface IgM: 1) the antiserum reacts with CH1 tumor cells, but not normal mouse lymphoid cells or CH2 tumor cells, in indirect immunofluorescence and C-dependent cytotoxicity testing, 2) capping with the anti-idiotype serum removes all or most of the tumor surface Ig, 3) the antiserum forms a single band of precipitation against serum from CH1 tumor-bearing mice, when tested by double diffusion precipitin analysis, and 4) a single band of precipitation is formed in the electrophoretic migration position of IgM when the anti-idiotype antiserum is tested against serum from CH1 tumor-bearing mice in immunoelectrophoresis. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that this antiserum is useful in monitoring tumor growth and is a potent immunotherapeutic agent. Specifically, 50% of mice injected with a lethal tumor inoculum and given a small dose of anti-idiotype serum 2 days later remain tumor free, whereas all tumor-challenged control mice died within 30 days.
Intercellular propagated misfolding of wild-type Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase occurs via exosome-dependent and -independent mechanisms (2014)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is predominantly sporadic, but associated with heritable genetic mutations in 5-10% of cases, including those in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). We previously showed that misfolding of SOD1 can be transmitted to endogenous human wild-type SOD1 (HuWtSOD1) in an intracellular compartment. Using NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells, we now demonstrate that misfolded mutant and HuWtSOD1 can traverse between cells via two nonexclusive mechanisms: protein aggregates released from dying cells and taken up by macropinocytosis, and exosomes secreted from living cells. Furthermore, once HuWtSOD1 propagation has been established, misfolding of HuWtSOD1 can be efficiently and repeatedly propagated between HEK293 cell cultures via conditioned media over multiple passages, and to cultured mouse primary spinal cord cells transgenically expressing HuWtSOD1, but not to cells derived from nontransgenic littermates. Conditioned media transmission of HuWtSOD1 misfolding in HEK293 cells is blocked by HuWtSOD1 siRNA knockdown, consistent with human SOD1 being a substrate for conversion, and attenuated by ultracentrifugation or incubation with SOD1 misfolding-specific antibodies, indicating a relatively massive transmission particle which possesses antibody-accessible SOD1. Finally, misfolded and protease-sensitive HuWtSOD1 comprises up to 4% of total SOD1 in spinal cords of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). Propagation of HuWtSOD1 misfolding, and its subsequent cell-to-cell transmission, is thus a candidate process for the molecular pathogenesis of SALS, which may provide novel treatment and biomarker targets for this devastating disease.