gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Application Considerations of Packaging of Dc-Dc Converter Micromodules (2021)

This paper presents different design considerations of two different packaging approaches for micromodules, namely vertically integrated ferrite substrate based [1] and conventional overmolded side-by-side integration [2]. Production steps, EMI, and thermal considerations are covered in this paper. Two dc-dc converter micromodules with the same specifications are built using both packaging approaches and tested. The vertically integrated micromodule has dimensions of 3.2 X 2.5 X 1.6mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> while the side-by-side integrated micromodule achieves 2.5 X 2.5 X 1.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> dimensions. Both modules achieve peak efficiency of 87% for 5Vin-to-1.8Vout conversion. Experimental evaluation and market requirements suggest the suitability of vertically integrated micromodule for applications, which require very low noise level (radiated emissions) and excellent thermal derating performance such as data acquisition and measurements. On the other hand, side-by-side integrated micromodules are suitable for applications that require low profile height and have aggressive cost requirements such as consumer electronics, i.e. tablets, smart phones, and laptops.
Probiotic impact on microbial flora, inflammation and tumour development in IL‐10 knockout mice (2001)

Background: The enteric bacterial flora has been implicated in the pathogenesis of enterocolitis and colon cancer in C57BL/6 IL‐10 knockout mice. Probiotic Lactobacilli modify the enteric flora and are thought to have a beneficial effect on enterocolitis. We conducted a controlled feeding trial in IL‐10 knockout mice using the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. s alivarius UCC118. Aim: To determine the effect of probiotic consumption on the gastrointestinal microflora, tumour development and colitis in IL‐10 knockout mice. Methods: Twenty IL‐10 knockout mice were studied (10 consumed probiotic organisms in milk and 10 consumed unmodified milk) for 16 weeks. Faecal microbial analysis was performed weekly to enumerate excretion of the probiotic UCC118, total lactobacilli, Clostridium perfringens , bacteroides, coliforms, bifidobacteria and enterococci. At sacrifice, the small and large bowel were microbiologically and histologically assessed. Results: L. salivarius UCC118 was detected in faeces from all mice in the probiotic fed group, but not the control group. Faecal coliform and enterococci levels were significantly reduced in probiotic fed animals compared to the controls ( P &lt; 0.05). At sacrifice, a significant reduction in C. perfringens numbers was observed in the test mice ( P &lt; 0.05). There were no fatalities in the test group compared to two deaths from fulminant colitis in the control group. Only one test mouse developed colonic adenocarcinoma compared to five in the control group. Test animal mucosal inflammation consistently scored lower than that of the control mice. Conclusion: In this placebo controlled trial, modification of enteric flora in IL‐10 knockout mice by probiotic lactobacilli was associated with reduced prevalence of colon cancer and mucosal inflammatory activity.
Synthesis and Properties of an Anthraquinone-Based Redox Switch for Molecular Electronics (2006)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of a molecular wire bearing an anthraquinone core and thioacetyl end groups for gold electrode binding is described. A model anthraquinone system, substituted with tert-butylthio groups, can be reversibly switched electrochemically from cross conjugated (low conductance "off") to linear conjugated (high conductance "on") via two-electron reduction/oxidation reactions. This feature holds promise for the anthraquinone-based wires to be used as redox-controlled switches in molecular electronic devices.
Increased HSC70‐4/HSPA8 regulated autophagy reduces tau‐mediated synaptic dysfunction (2020)

Abstract Background Tau tangles are present in the brains of Alzheimer diseased (AD) patients and strategies that remove Tau oligomers and Tau tangles are tested in clinical trials. These anti‐Tau drugs may keep misfolded Tau from spreading and damaging additional neurons, but they may be inefficient at targeting soluble Tau early in the disease before tangles are formed and thus be relatively late to spare cognitive defects. Our research is therefore refreshing as it may tackle early Tau induced dysfunction. We have shown in Drosophila that the overexpression of the chaperone Hsc70‐4 promotes endosomal microautophagy at presynapses and regulates the turnover of synaptic proteins harboring pentapeptide motifs, biochemically related to the KFERQ sequence (Uytterhoeven, 2015). Intriguingly, Tau harbors two such motifs. Method We tested if increasing endosomal microautophagy by overexpressing Hsc70‐4 has an effect on Tau‐mediated synaptic defects . Result Indeed, increasing microautophagy reduces presynaptic Tau levels and presynaptic vesicle sequestrations at presynapses, two phenotypes previously shown by our lab to appear after expressing pathogenic Tau in the fly nervous system (Zhou, 2017 and McInnes, 2018). In addition, via lentiviral‐mediated overexpression of HSPA8, the human homologue of Hsc70‐4, we are able to increase HSPA8 regulated autophagy in human neurons. Conclusion Together, our work provides important molecular insight into the contribution of Hsc70‐4/HSPA8 regulated autophagy on AD disease onset and progression and may contribute to the development of methods and treatments to alleviate the defects in dementia.
A Computational Prototyping Environment for Electromagnetic Design of Xerographic Systems (2005)

Summary from only given, as follows. As technology corporations migrate toward an integrated systems approach to product development, emphasis must be paid to the creation and infrastructure of the environment as well as the tools and information that must coexist to support design synthesis. This paper details a coherent approach towards integration of existing and emerging computing technologies to create the design environment. This environment captures contemporary elements of supercomputing, visualization, networking, scalable parallel network computing, and visual programming, to provide a heterogeneous platform in support of computational prototyping.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Synthesis of Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials via High‐Energy Mechanochemical Technique (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ge-Blade Damascene Process for Post-CMOS Integration of Nano-Mechanical Resonators (2004)

A process is demonstrated for fabrication of high-frequency mechanical resonators applicable for on-chip radio-frequency communication. This Ge-blade damascene process (GBDP) provides ultranarrow lateral gaps using lithographically defined sacrificial Ge blades (high-aspect-ratio Ge features). The use of Ge as the sacrificial material eliminates the need for a hydrogen fluoride etch process to release the mechanical structures, and, hence, simplifies the integration of microelectromechanical (MEMS) with CMOS circuitry. Polycrystalline silicon-germanium (poly-SiGe) is used as the structural material in order to keep the thermal budget low (maximum temperature 425 /spl deg/C), so as to be compatible with CMOS metallization stacks. A 24-MHz double-ended tuning fork resonator was successfully fabricated using the GBDP.
Data from Radiation-Enhanced Lung Cancer Progression in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Lung Cancer Is Predictive of Outcomes in Human Lung and Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Carcinogenesis is an adaptive process between nascent tumor cells and their microenvironment, including the modification of inflammatory responses from antitumorigenic to protumorigenic. Radiation exposure can stimulate inflammatory responses that inhibit or promote carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of radiation exposure on lung cancer progression &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and assess the relevance of this knowledge to human carcinogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; K-ras&lt;sup&gt;LA1&lt;/sup&gt; mice were irradiated with various doses and dose regimens and then monitored until death. Microarray analyses were performed using Illumina BeadChips on whole lung tissue 70 days after irradiation with a fractionated or acute dose of radiation and compared with age-matched unirradiated controls. Unique group classifiers were derived by comparative genomic analysis of three experimental cohorts. Survival analyses were performed using principal component analysis and k-means clustering on three lung adenocarcinoma, three breast adenocarcinoma, and two lung squamous carcinoma annotated microarray datasets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Radiation exposure accelerates lung cancer progression in the K-ras&lt;sup&gt;LA1&lt;/sup&gt; lung cancer mouse model with dose fractionation being more permissive for cancer progression. A nonrandom inflammatory signature associated with this progression was elicited from whole lung tissue containing only benign lesions and predicts human lung and breast cancer patient survival across multiple datasets. Immunohistochemical analyses suggest that tumor cells drive predictive signature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These results demonstrate that radiation exposure can cooperate with benign lesions in a transgenic model of cancer by affecting inflammatory pathways, and that clinically relevant similarities exist between human lung and breast carcinogenesis. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1610–22. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Talin1 is required for integrin-dependent B lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes and the bone marrow but not for follicular B-cell maturation in the spleen (2010)

Talin1 is a key integrin coactivator. We investigated the roles of this cytoskeletal adaptor and its target integrins in B-cell lymphogenesis, differentiation, migration, and function. Using CD19 Cre-mediated depletion of talin1 selectively in B cells, we found that talin1 was not required for B-cell generation in the bone marrow or for the entry of immature B cells to the white pulp of the spleen. Loss of talin1 also did not affect B-cell maturation into follicular B cells but compromised differentiation of marginal zone B cells. Nevertheless, serum IgM and IgG levels remained normal. Ex vivo analysis of talin1-deficient spleen B cells indicated a necessary role for talin1 in LFA-1 and VLA-4 activation stimulated by canonical agonists, but not in B-cell chemotaxis. Consequently, talin1 null B splenocytes could not enter lymph nodes nor return to the bone marrow. Talin1 deficiency in B cells was also impaired in the humoral response to a T cell-dependent antigen. Collectively, these results indicate that talin1 is not required for follicular B-cell maturation in the spleen or homeostatic humoral immunity but is critical for integrin-dependent B lymphocyte emigration to lymph nodes and optimal immunity against T-dependent antigens.
Highly efficient colorimetric detection of target cancer cells utilizing superior catalytic activity of graphene oxide–magnetic-platinum nanohybrids (2013)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have most widely been applied in immunoassays for several decades. However, several unavoidable limitations (e.g., instability caused by structural unfolding) of natural enzymes have hindered their widespread applications. Here, we describe a new nanohybrid consisting of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs), simultaneously immobilized on the surface of graphene oxide (GO). By synergistically integrating highly catalytically active Pt NPs and MNPs on GO whose frameworks possess high substrate affinity, the nanohybrid is able to achieve up to a 30-fold higher maximal reaction velocity (V(max)) compared to that of free GO for the colorimetric reaction of the peroxidase substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and enable rapid detection of target cancer cells. Specifically, using this new assay system, clinically important breast cancer cells are detected in a 5 min time period at room temperature with high specificity and sensitivity. The remarkably high capability to catalyze oxidation reactions could allow the nanohybrid to replace conventional peroxidase-based immunoassay systems as part of new, rapid, robust and convenient assay systems which can be widely utilized for the identification of important target molecules.
Peripheral blood granulocytes and mononuclear cell responses in monkeys with experimental shigellosis. (1994)

Changes in neutrophil response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied in monkeys after oral challenge with Shigellae. Monkeys were first challenged with S. dysenteriae 1 which caused shigellosis in some of the monkeys. After recovery, the monkeys were rechallenged with S. flexneri 2a. No difference in sensitivity was observed in the monkeys during shigellosis caused by either S. dysenteriae 1 or S. flexneri 2a. The optimal dose of FMLP for neutrophil polarization, a measure of early cell activation, in normal healthy monkeys was 10(-7) M when 67% of the neutrophils were polarized. Neutrophils from monkeys ill with shigellosis required higher doses of FMLP (10(-6) and 5 x 10(-7) M) for maximum polarization. As the monkeys recovered, a gradual decrease in the doses of FMLP for optimal neutrophil polarization was also observed. The percentage of CD2-positive T lymphocytes, the earliest marker for T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, decreased when the monkeys developed shigellosis and returned to normal levels as the monkeys improved. However, there was no change in the percentage of CD20-positive peripheral blood B lymphocytes.
Mid-infrared diffraction-free space-time wave packets (2020)

Joint structuring of the spatio-temporal spectrum of a pulsed optical beam can lead to a host of unusual properties, such as diffraction-free propagation and tunable group velocities in free space. Such ‘space-time’ wave packets have been synthesized exclusively in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. Here we synthesize the first space-time wave packet in the mid-infrared exploiting a transmissive phase plate fabricated via gray-scale lithography. A mid-infrared wave packet having a bandwidth of ∼60 nm at a wavelength of 2.35 μ m is synthesized such that its transverse width is ∼300 μ m and is monitored for a propagation distance of 7 m, corresponding to 80 × the Rayleigh range of a Gaussian beam at the same wavelength and having the same initial transverse spatial width. The experimental methodology presented here and the reported results will help appropriate spatio-temporally structured light in the mid-infrared for a wide variety of applications including imaging, sensing, and metrology.
Abstract B039: Multinucleation precedes the emergence of drug resistance in prostate cancer (2018)

Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer remains a lethal disease. Taxane chemotherapy used to be restricted to the hormone-resistant metastatic setting in which most patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) develop therapeutic resistance to chemotherapy, achieving limited therapeutic benefit. Recently, two trials demonstrated adjuvant chemohormonal therapy to increase survival in men with high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Although chemotherapy has been extensively used for decades, how it affects tumor heterogeneity at the molecular level is poorly understood. Experiments with drug gradients in our engineered microfluidic device have shown that docetaxel therapy leads to multinucleation with a stiff distribution pattern of heterogeneous cell populations across the concentration gradient. Furthermore, in these experiments, multinucleation always preceded the development of drug resistance. To confirm these findings, we conducted experiments in conventional cell culture using different chemotherapeutic agents in several prostate cancer cell lines and confirmed multinucleation was a common feature among them. Interestingly, multinucleation occurred to some extent, independently of the mechanism of action of the drug tested. Aneuploidy, an inherent consequence of multinucleation, has been described as a common characteristic of tumors and proposed to drive tumor progression by increasing the potential for cellular transformation. However, whether this is a cause or a consequence of cancer remains unclear. Aneuploidy can be caused by very diverse molecular mechanisms such as mitotic slippage, endo-replication, or cell fusion. In cancer biology, it has been associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as with gain of stem-like potential. Recent data in prostate cancer demonstrated the association of multinucleation with chemotherapy, androgen-deprivation therapy, and radiotherapy. Although the data supporting the association of multinucleation with drug resistance are extensive, the effects of these therapies on tumor heterogeneity remain unknown. A better understanding of the resistance mechanisms might reveal new targets for cancer therapy. In this work, we focus on the characterization of the subset of cells within the tumor population that leads to the multinucleated phenotype, particularly the subpopulation with the potential to reverse polyploidy and repopulate tumor heterogeneity after therapy. Citation Format: Gonzalo Torga, Ke-Chih Lin, Robert H. Austin, Kenneth J. Pienta. Multinucleation precedes the emergence of drug resistance in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B039.
3DOM Silica Composite Membrane Including a Binary Polymer Electrolyte for DMFC (2007)

3DOM silica composite membrane including a binary polymer (PAMPS-SPEES) was fabricated, in which the pore surface was coated with SPEES and the vacant space was occupied by PAMPS. The methanol permeability of composite membrane was successfully reduced from 1.9 x 10 -6 cm 2 s -1 to 3.2 x 10 -7 cm 2 s -1 at 30 {degree sign}C by the stepwise filling of SPEES and then PAMPS. On the other hand, the proton conductivity was not significantly influenced by the filling stage, and relatively high values (6.1~7.3 x 10 -2 S cm -1 at 30 {degree sign}C in 100% RH) were obtained. This result suggests that the interface region between silica and SPEES have high transfer of protons. Consequently, the PAMPS-SPEES-3DOM composite membrane exhibited more than ten times higher performance than Nafion ® as DMFC electrolyte membrane.
Via-Shape-Control for Copper Dual-Damascene Interconnects With Low-k Organic Film (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Copper dual-damascene (DD) interconnects are fabricated with low-k organic film (SiLK™) without any etch-stop layers by use of dual hard mask (dHM) process combined with sidewall-hardening etching step. It is a key point to reduce shoulder loss during trench etching at connecting regions of vias and trenches, so that hardening of the via-sidewall by fluorocarbon plasma during via etching is implemented. Careful designs of dual hard mask structures and their patterning sequence are carried out for the process without etch-stop layer under the trench. The two-layered interconnect with low-k structure has achieved low via-resistance of 0.65 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega$</tex></formula> at 0.28 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}\varnothing$</tex></formula> with keeping large tolerance of misalignment up to 0.1 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula>. </para>
Composition of the Essential Oil ofVerbascum undulatumfrom Greece (2007)

Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Verbascum undulatum Lam. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-six compounds were identified and the major components were 1-octen-3-ol (22.5%), α-bisabolol (10.6%) and nonanal (9.0%). Key Word Index: Verbascum undulatum Scrophulariaceaeessential oil composition1-octen-3-olα-bisabolol
Experimental testing of a random medium optical model of porous silicon for photovoltaic applications (2001)

Abstract We have developed a model for light propagation in porous silicon (PS) based on the theory of wave propagation in random media. The low porosity case is considered, with silicon being the host material assuming randomly distributed spherical voids as scattering particles. The specular and the diffuse part of the light could be determined and treated separately. The model is applied to the case in which porous silicon would be used as a diffuse back reflector in a thin‐film crystalline silicon solar cell realized in an ultrathin (1–3 μm) epitaxially grown Si layer on PS. Three layer structures (epi/PS/Si) have been fabricated by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) of 150–1000 nm epitaxial silicon layers on silicon wafers of which 150–450 nm of the surface has been electrochemically etched. An excellent agreement is found between the experimentally measured reflection data in the 400–1000 nm wavelength range and those calculated using the proposed model. The values of the layer thickness agree, within a reasonable experimental error, with those obtained independently by cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) analysis. This provides an experimental verification of the random medium approach to porous silicon in the low porosity case. The analysis shows that the epitaxial growth process has led to appreciable porosity decrease of an initially high porosity layer from about 60% to 20–30%. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Superponderomotive regime of tunneling ionization (2017)

Ultrarelativistic photoelectron spectra exhibit unexpected characteristics in a paraxial laser focus. The photoelectron energy scales superponderomotively, and the usual parabolic momentum distribution is distorted into a variety of intricate patterns, depending on the location of the ion. These patterns include discrete contours, which in some cases can be easily identified with a particular subcycle burst of ionization current. An analytical formula for the maximum photoelectron energy in a paraxial radiation field is given, and high-resolution momentum distributions with narrowly peaked features are presented. These narrowly peaked features suggest application to electron injection into plasma-based accelerators.