gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utility and Safety of Tolvaptan in Cirrhotic Patients with Hyponatremia: a Prospective Cohort Study (2016)

In conclusion, short-term tolvaptan treatment is safe and can improve serum sodium level in cirrhotic patients with hyponatremia. Normalization of serum sodium level is associated with better survival.
A New Approach to Dynamics Analysis of Genetic Algorithms without Selection (2005)

Theoretical analysis of the dynamics of evolutionary algorithms is believed to be very important to understand the search behavior of evolutionary algorithms and to develop more efficient algorithms. We investigate the dynamics of a canonical genetic algorithm with one-point crossover and mutation theoretically. To this end, a new theoretical framework has been suggested in which the probability of each chromosome in the offspring population can be calculated from the probability distribution of the parent population after crossover and mutation. Empirical studies are conducted to verify the theoretical analysis. The finite population effect is also discussed. Compared to existing approaches to dynamics analysis, our theoretical framework is able to provide richer information on population dynamics and is computationally more efficient
Diffusion of Aluminum into Aluminum Oxide (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Atomic Concentration Measurement and Diffusivity Calculation Experimental Procedure Results and Discussions TEM Analysis Diffusivity Calculations Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements References
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT CONVERSION OF 2‐ACYLOXY‐3‐CHLOROCARBOXAMIDES TO 3‐ACYLOXY‐2‐AZETIDINONES IN HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA (1983)

Abstract α‐Chlorketone (I), Carbonsäuren (II) und Isonitrile (III) werden zu 3‐(′hIor‐carbonsäureamiden (IV) umgesetzt (Passerini‐ Reaktion) und diese mit Hilfe von Caesiumfluorid zu β‐Lactamen (V) cyclisiert.
Narrative algorithm visualization (2006)

Visualization of algorithms has been shown to be a useful aid for educational purposes. In this work we focus on the creation of algorithm visualizations based on viewing the visualization as a narrative. This view promotes the creator to form a central plot and define abstract participating players. Following this view, the basic elements defining a visualization, namely visual metaphors and temporal transitions - are naturally addressed. The players which signify abstract notions in the algorithm define the depictions, and the story defines the transition over time. This encourages the creator to focus on the mapping process that is the basis of any visual depiction, and helps create a more engaging visualization. We present a study comparing two visualizations, a narrative one and a non-narrative one that supports the effectiveness of the narrative approach.
Acute ACAT1/SOAT1 Blockade Increases MAM Cholesterol and Strengthens ER-Mitochondria Connectivity (2023)

Cholesterol is a key component of all mammalian cell membranes. Disruptions in cholesterol metabolism have been observed in the context of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The genetic and pharmacological blockade of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1/sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1/SOAT1), a cholesterol storage enzyme found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and enriched at the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), has been shown to reduce amyloid pathology and rescue cognitive deficits in mouse models of AD. Additionally, blocking ACAT1/SOAT1 activity stimulates autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis; however, the exact molecular connection between the ACAT1/SOAT1 blockade and these observed benefits remain unknown. Here, using biochemical fractionation techniques, we observe cholesterol accumulation at the MAM which leads to ACAT1/SOAT1 enrichment in this domain. MAM proteomics data suggests that ACAT1/SOAT1 inhibition strengthens the ER-mitochondria connection. Confocal and electron microscopy confirms that ACAT1/SOAT1 inhibition increases the number of ER-mitochondria contact sites and strengthens this connection by shortening the distance between these two organelles. This work demonstrates how directly manipulating local cholesterol levels at the MAM can alter inter-organellar contact sites and suggests that cholesterol buildup at the MAM is the impetus behind the therapeutic benefits of ACAT1/SOAT1 inhibition.
Vulnerable patients are between a 'ROC and a hard place': yes, it's time to screen for coronary artery disease. (2007)

In the September 2007 issue, Dr. Michael Lauer rejected the recently proposed Screening for Heart Attack prevention and Education (SHAPE) guidelines. The authors of the SHAPE guidelines would like to address his arguments.
Metabolic syndrome increases risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence after acute deep vein thrombosis (2020)

An improved understanding of which patients are at higher risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is important to designing interventions to reduce degraded quality of life after VTE. Although metabolic syndrome (MetS), the clustering of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity has been associated with a hypofibrinolytic state, data linking VTE recurrence with MetS remain limited. The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of MetS in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) across a large population and determine its effect on VTE recurrence. This was a retrospective analysis of a large statewide database from 2004 to 2017. We measured the frequency with which patients with DVT carried a comorbid International Coding of Diseases diagnosis of MetS components. Association of MetS with VTE recurrence was tested with a multiple logistic regression model and VTE recurrence as the dependent variable. Risk of VTE recurrence conferred by each MetS component was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank statistic. A total of 151 054 patients with DVT were included in this analysis. Recurrence of VTE occurred in 17% overall and increased stepwise with each criterion for MetS. All 4 components of MetS had significant adjusted odds ratios (OR) for VTE recurrence, with hyperlipidemia having the largest (OR, 1.8), representing the 4 largest ORs of all possible explanatory variables. All 4 MetS variables were significant on Kaplan-Meier analysis for recurrence of VTE. These data imply a role for appropriate therapies to reduce the effects of MetS as a way to reduce risk of VTE recurrence.
Slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers and amplifiers (2012)

Slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers (SCOWLs) and amplifiers (SCOWAs) are inherently low-confinement structures with large nearly-circular modes that are easily coupled to optical fibers or collimated for free-space applications. Recently SCOWL powers have increased to 3 W by increasing the cavity length to 1 cm and improving the heat removal. SCOWAs are coherently combined using active phase control to achieve a very high-brightness source. Our coherent beam combining system consists of single-pass amplifiers with angled-facet SCOWAs that suppress feedback. Single-pass, 5-mm long, SCOWAs have now been demonstrated with 1.5 W CW output with only 50 mW seed power. Arrays of 47 SCOWAs have demonstrated a raw power of 57 W with 50 mW of seed power per element. A coherent beam combining demonstration is currently being assembled.
Micafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis against fungal infections in premature infants (2013)

MCFG was superior to FLCZ as prophylaxis against fungal infections in extremely low-birthweight infants.
Modulating Surface Density of Proteins via Caged Surfaces and Controlled Light Exposure (2011)

We demonstrate the possibility of tuning the degree of functionalization of a surface using photoactivatable chemistries and controlled light exposure. A photosensitive organosilane with a protected amine terminal group and a tetraethyleneglycol spacer was synthesized. A o-nitrobenzyl cage was used as the photoremovable group to cage the amine functionality. Surfaces with phototunable amine densities were generated by controlled irradiation of silica substrates modified with the photosensitive anchor. Protein layers with different densities could be obtained by successive coupling and assembly steps. Protein surface concentrations were quantified by reflectance interference. Our results demonstrate that the protein density correlates with the photogenerated ligand density. The density control was proved over four coupling steps (biotin, SAv, (BT)tris-NTA, MBP, or GFP), indicating that the interactions between underlying layer and soluble targets are highly specific and the immobilized targets at the four levels maintain their full functionality. Protein micropatterns with a gradient of protein density were also obtained.
Time series prediction of knee joint movement and its application to a network-based rehabilitation system (2014)

In this paper, a network-based rehabilitation system is introduced for improved mobility and tele-rehabilitation. Time series of knee joint rotation measurement is obtained using the rehabilitation device in the system, and an autoregressive integrated (ARI) model is built to achieve knee joint angle prediction during the rehabilitation process. It is shown that the predicted knee joint angles are reliable over 10 future time steps. The ARI model and the predicted knee joint angles can provide insight to patients and therapists for deep understanding of patients' walking behaviors. Moreover, it is shown in this paper that the predicted knee joint angles can also be used to compensate for time delay and packet loss in the networked rehabilitation system to achieve accurate torque tracking. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Measurements of indoor 16×32 wideband MIMO channels at 5.8 GHz (2005)

A wideband 16/spl times/32 MIMO channel sounder has been developed for the 5.8 GHz band. The paper reports on a series of measurements with the purpose of investigating both temporal and spatial aspects of channel changes in a number of widely different indoor environments. The measurements are carried out using two planar arrays of monopoles. The results include statistics on capacity, coherence bandwidth, and Doppler spreading for the various measurement scenarios.
Mechanisms Involved in Hekobacter Inflammation pylori-Induced (1993)

Back&ound: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with mucosai inflammation. The aims of the present study were to assess whether a water extract of H. pylori promotes neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) adherence to endotheliai cells and define the molecular basis of this adhesive interaction. Methods: lntravitai microscopy was used to study leukocyte adhesive interactions in rat mesenteric venules in situ. PMN-endothelial ceil adhesive interactions were studied in vitro using human PMNs and monolayers of human umbilical vein endotheiiai ceils (HUVEC). Results: In vivo, superfusion of rat mesentery with the H. pyloriextract increased leukocyte adhesion and emigration in venules. In vitro, adhesion of human PMNs to HUVEC was increased by the H. pylori extract in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment of HUVEC atone with H. py/ori extract had no effect on PMN adherence, whereas pretreatment of PMN alone significantly increased their adherence to HUVEC. The extract-induced adhesion was significantly diminished by monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against either CD1 la, CD1 1 b, or CD18 on neutrophiis, and by MAbs against intercellular adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-l), but not Eor P-selectin, on endotheliai cells. Conclusions: These studies suggest that products of H. pylori elicit gastrointestinal infiammation by promoting PMN adhesion to endothelial ceils via CDlla/CD18- and CDllb/ CD 18-dependent interactions with ICAM- 1.
Cross Coupling of Acetylenes with Olefins – Formation of η3-Butadienyl and η2-Butadiene Complexes via a Metallacyclobutane Intermediate (1999)

Selective coupling of olefins and terminal acetylenes is shown to be effected in the coordination sphere of RuII by the successive intermediacy of vinylidene and ruthenacyclobutane complexes. Subsequent deprotonation of one of the β-hydrogen atoms of the latter by NaOEt yields η3-butadienyl complexes, while in the presence of Cl− rearrangement takes place to give neutral η2-butadiene complexes by a β-hydrogen elimination/reductive elimination sequence. [Ru(tp)(COD)Cl] and [Ru(tp){η3-(P,C,C)-Ph2PCH=CHC(Ph)=CH2}Cl] were the starting materials which were treated with HC≡CR (R = Ph, C6H9, ferrocenyl, CH2Ph, nBu). The η3-butadienyl complexes are nucleophilic at the enynyl carbon atom reacting readily with the electrophiles H+ and I2 to give the corresponding η2-butadienyl complexes. X-ray structures of representative products are given.
Materials for Energy Conversion: Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (2017)

The main objective of this collaborative research project was to identify a formulation and develop a catalyst for electro-oxidation of ethanol. Ethanol is one of the most mass-produced biofuels, and such catalysts will enable the development of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell technology and through it, will interconnect fuel cells with biofuels. Several catalysts for direct electrochemical oxidation of ethanol have been selected on the principles of rational desig from the knowledge build in studying aqueous oxidation of ethanol. The program involved fundamental study of ethanol oxidation in liquid media, and particularly in alakine solutions. The lessons learned from the heterogeneous catalysis of ethanol thermal oxidation have been applied to the design of an electrocatalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells. The successful chemical compositions are based on PdZn and NiZn allows. The studies reveled the role of the transition metal oxide phase as a co-catalyst and the role of the active support material. To complete the set of materials for ethanol fuel cell, this program also invested n the development of ctalysts for oxygen reduction that are selective against alcohol oxidation. Non-platinum ctalysts based on pyrolyzed macrocycles or similar composites have been studied. This program included also the development of stuctured supports as an integral part of the catalyst development. A new family of materials has been designed based on mesoporous silica templating with synthetic carbon resulting in hierarchicaly porous structure. Structure-to-property relationship of catalysis and catalysts has been the center of this program. This have been engaged in both surface and bulk level and pursued with the tools avialble at the academic institutions and at LANSCE at LANL. The structural studies have been built in interaction with a computational effort on the basis of DFT approach to materials structure and reactivity.
Texaphyrins and water-soluble zinc(II) ionophores: development, mechanism of anticancer activity, and synergistic effects (2013)

Texaphyrins, first prepared by Sessler and coworkers in the 1980s, represent early examples of expanded porphyrins. This class of pentaaza, oligopyrrolic macrocycles demonstrates excellent tumor localization and metal-chelating properties. In biological milieus, texaphyrins act as redox mediators and are able to produce reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, texaphyrins have been shown to upregulate zinc <i>in vivo</i>, an important feature that inspired us to develop new zinc ionophores that might allow the same function to be elicited but via a simpler chemical means. In this review, the basic properties of texaphyrins and the zinc ionophores they helped spawn will be discussed in the cadre of developing an understanding that could lead to the preparation of new, redox-active anticancer agents.
Joint Stochastic Geometry and Mean Field Game Optimization for Energy-Efficient Proactive Scheduling in Ultra Dense Networks (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency performance of optimal proactive scheduling strategies in the context of ultra-dense networks. The network consists of a superposition of homogeneous Poisson point process, whereas the users requests follow a space-time homogeneous point process. The objective is to define the optimal transmission powers at any time, that allows to completely serve every user request, while minimizing the total consumed energy. We also assume the system has predictive knowledge about the future transmission contexts. The problem is cast as a dynamic stochastic game which is hard to solve in ultra-dense networks, due to a complex coupling in the interference term, the large number of elements interacting, as well as uncertainties on the channel dynamics, interference, and future requests. Our contribution first lies in addressing the inherent complexity issue of the optimization, by transitioning into an equivalent and more tractable mean field game. Second, we propose to combine this mathematical framework with elements of stochastic geometry. The numerical simulations provide good insights on notable performance gains in terms of energy efficiency, compared to reference scheduling strategies. Additional simulations harnessing the impact of future knowledge uncertainty on the performance of the proposed strategies are also provided.
Benefits and costs of power-gating technique (2006)

Power-gating is a technique for saving leakage power by shutting off the idle blocks. However, without good understanding and careful design, negative effects of power gating may overwhelm the potential gain and may make the technique not worth the effort. In this paper, we report on our study of the benefits and costs of the power-gating technique in terms of power, area, and performance. We model and analyze several strongly related parameters such as sleep-transistor size, decap area, and supply voltage level. We also report on our experiments to demonstrate how the gated area, circuit behavior and power mesh granularity affect the power gating technique at the system level. Experimental results show that, by compromising 4% of the total area and 5% of the dynamic power, we can achieve 47% leakage power saving while maintaining the same performance. With technology scaling down, the saving is significant. We conclude that we can benefit from the power-gating technique in future technology nodes.
Prevention of Activation of HIV-1 by Antiviral Agents in OM-10.1 Cells (1993)

The development of a reliable and simple system for evaluating compounds that could prevent activation of latent HIV would allow us to devise new therapeutic approaches. These compounds could eventually be used in combination with drugs that are effective against acute and chronic infections. The OM-10.1 cell line is a chronically infected clone which remains CD4 + until HIV-1 activation with tumour necrosis factor-α. A variety of compounds are known to have antiviral properties against either acutely or chronically infected cells were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HIV induced expression in these cells. We also examined the effect of several compounds that interact with biochemical pathways that may interfere with or enhance the reactivation process. These included nucleoside analogues, cytokines, steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, polyoxometalates, a TAT inhibitor, various natural products (including nerve growth factor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, taxol, and interferons), TIBO, porphyrins, and various oligomers. CD4 cellular expression and supernatant reverse transcriptase activity were quantitated as markers of induced viral expression. Among the 58 compounds evaluated, 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT), interferon γ, Ro 5–3335 (a TAT inhibitor) and desferrioxamine were modest and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 activation.
MOESM1 of Gd-nanoparticles functionalization with specific peptides for ß-amyloid plaques targeting (2016)

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Characterization of functionalized nanoparticles. Figure S2. Zeta potential versus pH of AGuIX (black) and AGuIX@PEG (red). Figure S3. Reaction scheme for the synthesis of AGuIX@PEG@Peptide@Cy5.5. Figure S4. Chromatograms obtained with at UV-Visible absorption at λ =295 nm of the AGuIX@PEG, AGuIX@PEG@LPFFD and AGuIX@PEG@KLVFF . Elementary Analyses of grafted nanoparticles: Table S1. Molar ratio deduced from experimental weight percentage; Table S2. Elementary analyses given in weight percent of element in the compound; Table S3. Comparison of the primary amine content evaluated by elementary analysis and TNBS assays. These results allow assessing the molecular formula obtained by elementary analysis. Figure S5. Standard curves of amine quantification in APTES/TEOS equimolar mixture by TNBS assays. Figure S6. The cyanine 5.5 presents characteristic absorption and emission wavelength λexc max Cy5.5 = 675 nm and λem max Cy5.5 = 692 nm. Table S4. The yield of the grafting was calculated thanks to the comparison of the cyanine fluorescence and the DOTA(Gd3+) chelate before and after removal of the ungrafted dye by tangential purification. Figure S7. Effect of nanoparticles on cell viability. Figure S8. PIB derivative synthesis details. Figure S9. Control of the non-binding of Cy5.5 dye to amyloid plaque in brain section of AD mouse model.
Evaluation of the Role of Phosphatidylserine Translocase Activity in ABCA1-mediated Lipid Efflux (2002)

The following two theories for the mechanism of ABCA1 in lipid efflux to apolipoprotein acceptors have been proposed: 1) that ABCA1 directly binds the apolipoprotein ligand and then facilitates lipid efflux and 2) that ABCA1 acts as a phosphatidylserine (PS) translocase, increasing PS levels in the plasma membrane exofacial leaflet, and that this is sufficient to facilitate apolipoprotein binding and lipid assembly. Upon induction of ABCA1 in RAW264.7 cells by cAMP analogues there was a moderate increase in cell surface PS as detected by annexin V binding, whereas apoAI binding was increased more robustly. Apoptosis induced large increases in annexin V and apoAI binding; however, apoptotic cells did not efflux lipids to apoAI. Annexin V did not act as a cholesterol acceptor, and it did not compete for the cholesterol acceptor or cell binding activity of apoAI. ApoAI binds to ABCA1-expressing cells, and with incubation at 37 degrees C apoAI is co-localized within the cells in ABCA1-containing endosomes. Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching demonstrated that apoAI bound to ABCA1-expressing cells was relatively immobile, suggesting that it was bound either directly or indirectly to an integral membrane protein. Although ABCA1 induction was associated with a small increase in cell surface PS, these results argue against the notion that this cell surface PS is sufficient to mediate cellular apoAI binding and lipid efflux.