gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Applications of Free-Radical Reactions in Preparative Organic Chemistry (2002)

The following reactions are described in which the synthetic interest is predominantly determined by the polar characteristics of the radicals and substrates involved: 1. Homolytic Amination of Aromatic Compounds 1.1. Amination with N-Chloroalkylamines 1.2. Amination with Hydroxylamine and Hdroxylamie-O-sulfonic Acid 2. Homolytic Substitution of Protonated Heteroaromatic Bases 2.1. Homolytic Alkylation 2.2. Homolytic Acylation 2.3. Homolytic α-Oxyalkylation 2.4. Homolytic Aminocarbonylation and α-Amidoalkylation 3. Selective Halogenation of Saturated Aliphatic Compounds 4. Alternating Addition of C-Radicals to Conjugated Olefins
Effects of Drinking Diluted Deep Sea Water on Growth Performance and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens (2018)

Deep sea water (DSW) has emerged as an alternative source of drinking water, it worth to examine whether the DSW exerts any difference in animal responses upon drinking. This study aims to investigate the effect of drinking DSW in broiler chicken. A total of 400 Ross 308 broilers were allocated into 4 treatments with 5 replications (20 birds per pen per a treatment) during a 28-d feeding periods. Control birds were provided with fresh water for drinking. The DSW was diluted with deionized water (W) in the ratio of 1:80 (1DSW:80W), 1:40 (1DSW:40W) and 1:20 (1DSW:20W). The diets for both control and 1DSW:80W groups were supplemented with 0.18% of food-grade salt to satisfy the minimal salt needs. Water and feed were available for ad libitum consumption for all the groups. Total salt intake of birds drinking 1DSW:80W and 1DSW:20W was higher (p 0.05) between treatments and control group. However, nutrient utilization of 1DSW:40W group was improved (p<0.05) when compared with the control. The relative weight of thymus and bursa of fabricius in 1DSW:40W and 1DSW:20W groups were greater (p<0.05) than 1DSW:80W and the control. The DSW might be successfully used as drinking water to broiler chickens and its serum IgG is slightly improved at the level of 1DSW:20W. However, a total salt intake equilibration is a pre-requisite for the effective DSW utilization.
Supplemental Tables and Figure Legends from EGFR and RB1 as Dual Biomarkers in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 (Excel file). TCGA datasets; Supplementary Table S2. CART cutoff points for each marker and the number of samples (N) in each category; Supplementary Table S3. Adjusted survival analysis; Supplementary Table S4. TCGA p16 expression data for HPV- and HPV+ HNSCC.&lt;/p&gt;
Directional Photofluidization Lithography for Nanoarchitectures with Controlled Shapes and Sizes (2009)

Highly ordered metallic nanostructures have attracted an increasing interest in nanoscale electronics, photonics, and spectroscopic imaging. However, methods typically used for fabricating metallic nanostructures, such as direct writing and template-based nanolithography, have low throughput and are, moreover, limited to specific fabricated shapes such as holes, lines, and prisms, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate directional photofluidization lithography (DPL) as a new method to address the aforementioned problems of current nanolithography. The key idea of DPL is the use of photoreconfigurable polymer arrays to be molded in metallic nanostructures instead of conventional colloids or cross-linked polymer arrays. The photoreconfiguration of polymers by directional photofluidization allows unprecedented control over the sizes and shapes of metallic nanostructures. Besides the capability for precise control of structural features, DPL ensures scalable, parallel, and cost-effective processing, highly compatible with high-throughput fabrication. Therefore, DPL can expand not only the potential for specific metallic nanostructure applications but also large-scale innovative nanolithography.
Evaluation of novel protease enzymes on growth performance and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in poultry: enzyme screening (2018)

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate eight neutral and six acid proteases on growth performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AID) of poults (Experiment 1) or chicks (Experiments 2 and 3). Two basal diets were formulated: a nutrient adequate positive control (PC), which met or exceeded the nutrient requirements for poults (Experiment 1) or chicks (Experiments 2 and 3) and a negative control (NC) formulated to achieve 85% (Experiments 1 and 2) or 80% (Experiments 3) of the requirement for protein and amino acids. Phytase was included in all diets to provide 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg and xylanase was included in all diets to provide 10,000 (Experiments 1 and 2) or 16,000 (Experiments 3) xylanase units (BXU)/kg. Proteases were supplemented in the NC diet at an equivalent amount of enzyme protein to create 16 experimental diets. There were five birds/pen and 10 replicate pens per treatment in each experiment. In experiment 1, birds fed the PC diet gained more (P < 0.05) than birds fed the NC. There were no differences in growth performance in birds fed the PC or NC in experiments 2 or 3. In all three experiments, birds fed the NC supplemented with neutral protease 1 had reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake (FI) or body weight gain (BWG) and increased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with birds fed the NC. Birds fed the NC diet supplemented with neutral protease 3, 7 (Experiment 1), or acid protease 4 (Experiment 3) had increased (P < 0.05) FCR and birds fed neutral protease 6 (Experiment 2) had reduced (P < 0.05) BWG compared with birds fed the NC. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) with protease supplementation to the NC diets (Experiment 1 or 3), but this was dependent on the protease and the amino acid. In conclusion, novel protease supplementation improved AID of amino acids but this was not reflected in improvements in growth performance of poults or chicks.
Abstract A36: Knockdown of integrin-linked kinase reduces invasive and metastatic potential of renal cell carcinoma (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in the regulation of cell growth and survival, cell cycle progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and migration, angiogenesis. However, the role of ILK has not been evaluated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We investigated the role of ILK on cancer progression and metastasis and therapeutic potential of ILK inhibition in RCC. Methods: Baseline expression of ILK was evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blotting in non-cancerous renal tubular cells (HK-2) and RCC cells (UMRC-6, UMRC-3 and Caki-1). Molecular EMT markers were examined by Western blotting. RNAi using siRNA was used to knock down ILK in vitro. After transient transfection, crystal violet assay and cell cycle analysis using FACS were performed to check the effect of ILK on tumor growth and cell cycle. Confocal microscopic evaluation was performed to check changes of stress fibers and focal adhesions stained with phalloidin-rhodamine and vinculin antibody. Scratch assay and Matrigel invasion assay were performed to evaluate changes of EMT phenotypes after knockdown of ILK. To evaluate the effects of ILK knockdown in vivo, subcataneuous xenografts and orthotopic renal xenografts were used and tumor growth was traced. Results: ILK is less expressed in normal cells (HK-2) and low stage RCC cells (UMRC-6) but highly expressed in advanced and metastatic RCC cells (UMRC-3 and Caki-1). Caki-1, metastatic RCC cells showed higher expressions of molecular EMT markers including Snail, Zeb1 but decreased activity of GSK3β. Knockdown of ILK using si-ILK inhibited tumor proliferation but the inhibition rate was less than 10% and cell cycle progression was not significantly affected by ILK inhibition. However, ILK knockdown suppressed formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in UMRC-3 and Caki-1 cells and also effectively impeded phenotypic EMT markers including cell migration and invasion in Caki-1 and UMRC-3 cells. In subcutaneous tumor xenografts with Caki-1-shILK or Caki-1-EV, ILK knockdown inhibited tumor growth and progression. In primery orthotopic animal model, ILK knockdown showed inhibitory effects of invasion and metastasis. Conclusions: ILK is highly expressed in advanced RCC and its high expression is related to EMT-related protein in RCC. Knockdown of ILK inhibited molecular EMT markers and suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in orthotopic tumor model. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of ILK inhibition on invasion and metastasis in advanced RCC. Citation Format: Han Kyung Seok, Raven Peter, Awrey Shannon, Li Estelle, Fazli Ladan, Gleave Martin, So Alan. Knockdown of integrin-linked kinase reduces invasive and metastatic potential of renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A36.
Electrical stimulation for the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury (2015)

Electrical stimulation for bladder control is an alternative to traditional methods of treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI). In this review, we systematically discuss the neurophysiology of bladder dysfunction following SCI and the applications of electrical stimulation for bladder control following SCI, spanning from historic clinical approaches to recent pre-clinical studies that offer promising new strategies that may improve the feasibility and success of electrical stimulation therapy in patients with SCI. Electrical stimulation provides a unique opportunity to control bladder function by exploiting neural control mechanisms. Our understanding of the applications and limitations of electrical stimulation for bladder control has improved due to many pre-clinical studies performed in animals and translational clinical studies. Techniques that have emerged as possible opportunities to control bladder function include pudendal nerve stimulation and novel methods of stimulation, such as high frequency nerve block. Further development of novel applications of electrical stimulation will drive progress towards effective therapy for SCI. The optimal solution for restoration of bladder control may encompass a combination of efficient, targeted electrical stimulation, possibly at multiple locations, and pharmacological treatment to enhance symptom control.
Tailgut cyst associated with a pilonidal sinus: an unusual case and a review (2002)

Tailgut cysts are rare congenital abnormalities in the retrocaecal/presacral region. Clinical diagnosis is difficult and delayed and they can present in childhood and adult life with a variety of clinical symptoms and complications. Differential diagnoses include, rectal duplication cysts, cystic teratoma, epidermal cyst, anal gland cyst and anal gland carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging has recently become the modality of choice to image these cysts. Although Tailgut cysts rarely undergo malignant transformation, early surgical resection is presently considered the treatment of choice. Here we report the case of a 34 year old gentleman with a Tailgut cyst associated with a Pilonidal sinus, and review of the literature. We believe that the high incidence of complications associated with operations in the presacral region should be weighed against the generally benign course of these lesions, especially with the quality of modern imaging technology.
Cooling potential of vortex tubes for chip hot spot cooling (2017)

In this study, the thermal performance of two commerciallyavailable vortex tubes was investigated by measuring inlet and outlet pressures, temperatures, and flow rates. A variety of vortex generators, each with a unique combination of fin height and cold stream diameter, were tested for each vortex tube. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of inlet pressures and cold fractions. Decreasing the cold fraction was found to decrease the cold stream temperature while also decreasing the cold stream flow rate. For each vortex generator, there is an optimal cold fraction that provides the maximum cold stream cooling potential. A clear relationship between maximum cooling potential and fin height or cold stream diameter is not apparent.
A Bull's Eye for Targeted Lung Cancer Therapy (2004)

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib has had mixed results in the treatment of lung cancer. The reason is now revealed in two papers published here (
 Paez
 et al.) and elsewhere, which receive in-depth discussion in a Perspective by
 Minna
 et al.
 The two new studies show that tumors from a subset of lung cancer patients with an efficacious response to gefitinib carry mutations in the kinase domain of the EGF receptor. The new findings should enable early selection of those lung cancer patients most likely to respond well to gefitinib.
A Facile and Green Eutectic Salt-Mediated Pyrolysis Strategy to Synthesize Hollow PtNi Alloy Nanocubes for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2022)

The preparation of low-cost, high-activity, and high-stability platinum (Pt)-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is the key to the large-scale commercial application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, we designed a facile synthesis strategy to achieve direct transformation of solid Pt nanoparticles into hollow PtNi alloy nanocubes through a eutectic salt-mediated pyrolysis strategy and nanoscale Kirkendall effect. This distinctive hollow structure makes the inner and exterior spaces easy to access, which would expose additional active sites and a high active surface area. Accordingly, the as-synthesized Pt1Ni8@NC sample, with the moderate Ni feeding content, exhibits an improved ORR activity and stability with respect to a pristine Pt/C catalyst. Such improvement in ORR performance is mainly caused by the moderate surface compositions, high surface area, and well-designed nanostructure. Indeed, this facile surfactant- and template-free synthetic strategy in our work can be extended for fabricating electrocatalysts with a similar hollow cubic structure.
Physics in Food Manufacturing (2020)

This book is the first authoritative text on the role that physicists play in solving the inherently multidisciplinary science and technology challenges in food manufacturing. The book is an essential reference for interdisciplinary physical scientists, food/nutrition scientists and engineers working in academic research, government labs and industry, as well as valuable resource for R&D staff and product engineers working for suppliers of specialist instrumentation and equipment to the food processing industry.
Physical Simulators of Critical Infrastructures (2016)

Critical Infrastructures are an essential asset in modern societies and our everyday life is heavily dependent on their reliable and secure operation. The problem of controlling and managing critical infrastructures is becoming more and more difficult as they are increasing in size due to the growing demand for the services they provide and the geographical spread required. As these infrastructures become larger and more complex, fewer people understand how these networks work and the interactions between all the components. Thus, models are necessary so as to accurately predict their behavior under steady state or under failure/attack scenarios. This chapter provides a review on modeling and simulation approaches of critical infrastructures and in particular of electric power, telecommunications, water supply and drainage systems, and transportation systems.
Design of a Catheter-Based Device for Performing Percutaneous Chordal- Procedures (2009)

available in PMC 2010 June 1.
Numerical and human observer comparisons of tumor detection for 2D versus 3D whole-body PET imaging protocols (2002)

In this work we compared the impact of the acquisition mode (2D vs. 3D) on the performance of numerical and human observers in detecting and localizing tumors in whole-body PET imaging. We used a non-Monte Carlo simulator to generate multiple realizations of whole-body data with added 1cm-diameter spherical lesions (targets) and with accurate noise properties. The simulations were based on a Siemens/CTI HR+ scanner. The count rates were set to those corresponding to a 444 MBq (12 mCi) injected dose in 3D and 2D, which was shown to correspond to the peak NEC value in 3D for an average patient size, and we also analyzed the case equivalent to a 740 MBq (20 mCi) injected dose in 2D (2Dmax), which was considered as the maximum allowable dose based on considerations of dosimetry and cost. The simulated 2D data sets were reconstructed using 2D attenuation-weighted (AW) OSEM and the 3D data sets were reconstructed with FORE+AWOSEM.
Neuroserpin reduces cerebral infarct volume and protects neurons from ischemia-induced apoptosis (2000)

Neuroserpin, a recently identified inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), is primarily localized to neurons within the central nervous system, where it is thought to regulate tPA activity. In the present study neuroserpin expression and its potential therapeutic benefits were examined in a rat model of stroke. Neuroserpin expression increased in neurons surrounding the ischemic core (ischemic penumbra) within 6 hours of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and remained elevated during the first week after the ischemic insult. Injection of neuroserpin directly into the brain immediately after infarct reduced stroke volume by 64% at 72 hours compared with control animals. In untreated animals both tPA and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity was significantly increased within the region of infarct by 6 hours after reperfusion. Activity of tPA then decreased to control levels by 72 hours, whereas uPA activity continued to rise and was dramatically increased by 72 hours. Both tPA and uPA activity were significantly reduced in neuroserpin-treated animals. Immunohistochemical staining of basement membrane laminin with a monoclonal antibody directed toward a cryptic epitope suggested that proteolysis of the basement membrane occurred as early as 10 minutes after reperfusion and that intracerebral administration of neuroserpin significantly reduced this proteolysis. Neuroserpin also decreased apoptotic cell counts in the ischemic penumbra by more than 50%. Thus, neuroserpin may be a naturally occurring neuroprotective proteinase inhibitor, whose therapeutic administration decreases stroke volume most likely by inhibiting proteinase activity and subsequent apoptosis associated with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
Channel capacity of fiberoptic communication systems with amplified spontaneous emission noise (2005)

We evaluate the capacity of fiberoptic channels dominated by linear amplified spontaneous emission noise for different modulation formats. Based on the channel capacities, we discuss possible gains from different modulation and coding techniques.
Far-field mapping of the longitudinal magnetic and electric optical fields (2013)

In this Letter, we demonstrate the experimental mapping of the longitudinal magnetic and electric optical fields with a standard scanning microscope that involves a high-numerical-aperture far-field objective. The imaging concept relies upon the insertion of an azimuthal or a radial polarizer within the detection path of the microscope that acts as an optical electromagnetic filter aimed at transmitting selectively to the detector the signal from the magnetic or electric longitudinal fields present in the detection volume, respectively. The resulting system is thus versatile, noninvasive, and of high resolution, and shows high detection efficiencies. Magnetic optical properties of physical and biological micro- and nano-structures may thus be revealed with a far-field microscope.
Process and chamber health monitoring of plasma enhanced ti deposition process through high performance VI-probe (2007)

As an alternative to plasma sensors, high performance VI probe was evaluated in a plasma enhanced Ti deposition process. Its utilization was focused on finding any reasonable differences between good and bad chambers classified in terms of end of line yield data. Some differences of delivered power and time trace current signal between chambers were found, which well matches the good and bad chamber classification. Also, a fault detection and classification algorithm to handle huge amount of raw VI-probe data was evaluated. The algorithm estimates deviation of TiCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> content in plasma occurs right after preventive maintenance, which might be considered as a chamber conditioning procedure. Despite requiring additional evaluations, the combination of VI-probe and well-developed algorithm might be a feasible solution where conventional plasma sensors can not be applied.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers and Pt-Nanocluster-Based Electrochemical Microsystems by Combining Low-Pressure Helicon Plasma Techniques (2008)

Although carbon-nanofiber (CNFs) or nanotube growth and their applications are well documented, engineering their shape and their integration in a microsystem for successful applications is an important issue. We report on the synthesis of aligned CNFs (ACNFs) covered by metallic catalytic nanoclusters by a combination of different low-pressure deposition techniques based on high-density radio-frequency helicon plasmas. An image of a ldquobright-dress-shaperdquo helicon plasma and of a synthesized ACNF coated by Pt nanoclusters is presented.
Mg-Doped CuFeO2 Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (2013)

Mg-doped CuFeO2 delafossite is reported to be photoelectrochemically active for CO2 reduction. The material was prepared via conventional solid-state methods, and subsequently assembled into an electrode as a pressed pellet. Addition of a Mg2+ dopant is found to substantially improve the conductivity of the material, with 0.05% Mg-doped CuFeO2 electrodes displaying photocathodic currents under visible irradiation. Photocurrent is found to onset at irradiation wavelengths of ∼800 nm with the incident photon-to-current efficiency reaching a value of 14% at 340 nm using an applied electrode potential of −0.4 V vs SCE. Photoelectrodes were determined to have a −1.1 V vs SCE conduction band edge and were found capable of the reduction of CO2 to formate at 400 mV of underpotential. The conversion efficiency is maximized at −0.9 V vs SCE, with H2 production contributing as a considerable side reaction. These results highlight the potential to produce Mg-doped p-type metal oxide photocathodes with a band structure tuned to optimize CO2 reduction.
<title>Fiber optic oxygen sensor detection system for aerospace applications</title> (2001)

This paper describes a novel multi-point fiber optic microsensor (optrode) based on dynamic luminescence quenching that is being developed for measuring oxygen leak detection for space applications. The sensor optrodes employ the quenching by oxygen of the fluorescence from a ruthenium complex. These optrodes were fabricated using Ruthenium-based fluorescent indicator immobilized in a porous glass rod placed at the end of multimode fiber. The light from a blue LED is launched into the optrode via a fiber optic bundle and used as the excitation source. The optrode's fluorescent emission intensity in the range of 0% to 10% oxygen is measured as a function of time. The measuring system is based on high reliability and low cost. The system consists of four units: 1) temperature compensated oxygen optrodes combined with a optical setup, 2) multipoint sensor communication fiber optic network cable, 3) digital/analogue optoelectronic signal processing unit with built-in micro controller for control of data acquisition and processing, and 4) a laptop computer for data display and storage. In testing, the sensor exhibited excellent response time and reversibility.