gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing a Mobile Device for Pre-hospital Care (2013)

We present the early steps in a design process within the cross-disciplinary MIME project (Managing Information in Medical Emergencies). The project aims to develop a mobile medical monitoring system for rural pre-hospital scenarios in which the first person on-scene is typically a volunteer with only basic first-aid training. The goal is to allow the recording of physiological data and the accurate logging of observations and actions by these volunteers, and to automate the process of delivering a handover report to arriving ambulance teams. Pragmatic requirements were gathered through surveys and focus groups with medical experts and several prototypes were designed and evaluated. Keywords interface design, pre-hospital care, user-centred design, natural language generation 1.
X-ray Structure Characterization of the Selective Recognition of AT Base Pair Sequences (2023)

The rational design of small molecules that target specific DNA sequences is a promising strategy to modulate gene expression. This report focuses on a diamidinobenzimidazole compound, whose selective binding to the minor groove of AT DNA sequences holds broad significance in the molecular recognition of AT-rich human promoter sequences. The objective of this study is to provide a more detailed and systematized understanding, at an atomic level, of the molecular recognition mechanism of different AT-specific sequences by a rationally designed minor groove binder. The specialized method of X-ray crystallography was utilized to investigate how the sequence-dependent recognition properties in general, A-tract, and alternating AT sequences affect the binding of diamidinobenzimidazole in the DNA minor groove. While general and A-tract AT sequences give a narrower minor groove, the alternating AT sequences intrinsically have a wider minor groove which typically constricts upon binding. A strong and direct hydrogen bond between the N-H of the benzimidazole and an H-bond acceptor atom in the minor groove is essential for DNA recognition in all sequences described. In addition, the diamidine compound specifically utilizes an interfacial water molecule for its DNA binding. DNA complexes of AATT and AAAAAA recognition sites show that the diamidine compound can bind in two possible orientations with a preference for water-assisted hydrogen bonding at either cationic end. The complex structures of AAATTT, ATAT, ATATAT, and AAAA are bound in a singular orientation. Analysis of the helical parameters shows a minor groove expansion of about 1 Å across all the nonalternating DNA complexes. The results from this systematic approach will convey a greater understanding of the specific recognition of a diverse array of AT-rich sequences by small molecules and more insight into the design of small molecules with enhanced specificity to AT and mixed DNA sequences.
Appeasing the Carotid Body After Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (2016)

[no abstract]
Fat-specific Protein 27 Inhibits Lipolysis by Facilitating the Inhibitory Effect of Transcription Factor Egr1 on Transcription of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (2014)

Lipolysis in fat tissue represents a major source of circulating fatty acids. Previously, we have found that lipolysis in adipocytes is controlled by early growth response transcription factor Egr1 that directly inhibits transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase, ATGL (Chakrabarti, P., Kim, J. Y., Singh, M., Shin, Y. K., Kim, J., Kumbrink, J., Wu, Y., Lee, M. J., Kirsch, K. H., Fried, S. K., and Kandror, K. V. (2013) Mol. Cell. Biol. 33, 3659-3666). Here we demonstrate that knockdown of the lipid droplet protein FSP27 (a.k.a. CIDEC) in human adipocytes increases expression of ATGL at the level of transcription, whereas overexpression of FSP27 has the opposite effect. FSP27 suppresses the activity of the ATGL promoter in vitro, and the proximal Egr1 binding site is responsible for this effect. FSP27 co-immunoprecipitates with Egr1 and increases its association with and inhibition of the ATGL promoter. Knockdown of Egr1 attenuates the inhibitory effect of FSP27. These results provide a new model of transcriptional regulation of ATGL.
Comparative Evaluation of Rate Modulated Dual Chamber and VVIR Pacing (1990)

While dual chamber pacing is considered superior to VVI pacing at rest, there is a continuing debate as to the relative benefit of AV synchrony versus rate increase with exercise. To evaluate this question and to correlate different methods of evaluation, 14 patients with DDDR pacemakers were studied using serial treadmill exercise test with a CAEP protocol. Patients were exercised in DDD, DDDR, and VVIR modes. Echo-Doppler cardiac outputs were determined and pulmonary gas exchange was measured during exercise. There was a significant improvement in cardiac output with exercise in the DDDR versus VVIR modes, and in DDDR versus DDD modes in patients with chronotropic incompetence. There were small increases in exercise duration in DDDR versus VVIR modes, and small but consistent increases in VO2 at all levels of exercise, though not statistically significant. In this group of patients, DDDR pacing was superior to VVIR pacing, and superior to DDD pacing when chronotropic incompetence was present.
Arthroscopic treatment of peripatellar fibrosis after total knee arthroplasty (1996)

Forty-eight total knee arthroplasties (42 patients) were treated arthroscopically for symptomatic peripatellar fibrosis. All patients complained of knee pain before surgery. In addition, 47 knees (98%) had clicking or clunking, 35 (73%) had difficulty climbing stairs, and 9 (19%) had motion problems. The results of arthroscopy were 20 good (42%), 9 fair (19%), and 19 poor (40%). The mean follow-up time was 32.8 months (range, 11-75 months). A fourth portal was required in 20 knees (17 patients, 42%), indicating the complexity and difficulty of debridement. No components were found to be loose at the time of arthroscopy. A constellation of symptoms are caused by peripatellar fibrosis. In contrast to past reports, the arthroscopic treatment of peripatellar fibrosis was found to be unpredictable. Debridement of the offending soft tissue did not necessarily guarantee a good result. Arthroscopic management of peripatellar fibrosis is recommended; however, limited and specific surgical goals should be established prior to intervention.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of Avermectin A1a. (1989)

Abstract The key fragments (I) and (II) for the total synthesis of the title compound are elaborated from D‐glucose and D‐ribose and coupled through a crossed aldol dehydration maneuver to give the adduct (IV).
Shielded piezoresistive cantilever probes for nanoscale topography and electrical imaging (2014)

This paper presents the design and fabrication of piezoresistive cantilever probes for microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) to enable simultaneous topographic and electrical imaging. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited Si3N4 cantilevers with a shielded center conductor line and nanoscale conductive tip apex are batch fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafers. Doped silicon piezoresistors are integrated at the root of the cantilevers to sense their deformation. The piezoresistive sensitivity is 2 nm for a bandwidth of 10 kHz, enabling topographical imaging with reasonable speed. The aluminum center conductor has a low resistance (less than 5 Ω) and small capacitance (~1.7 pF) to ground; these parameters are critical for high sensitivity MIM imaging. High quality piezoresistive topography and MIM images are simultaneously obtained with the fabricated probes at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. These new piezoresistive probes remarkably broaden the horizon of MIM for scientific applications by operating with an integrated feedback mechanism at low temperature and for photosensitive samples.
Performance of potential non‐crop or wild species under OECD 208 testing guideline study conditions for terrestrial non‐target plants (2006)

The inclusion of 52 potential non-crop or wild species in new OECD guidelines for terrestrial non-target plant (TNTP) testing led to a ring test conducted by four laboratories experienced in regulatory testing. Species selected had shown potential to meet validity criteria of emergence for TNTP studies in a previous evaluation of the 52 species. OECD 208 guideline conditions were applied, with and without seed pretreatments recommended to enhance germination. These species were Abutilon theophrasti (L.) Medic., Avena fatua L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Adans., Galium aparine L., Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. and Veronica persica Poir. Only I. hederacea met the validity criterion of 70% emergence in all laboratories and showed a low variability in biomass. Of the other species, none led to 70% emergence in all four laboratories. The recommended pretreatments did not have a major impact on emergence. Biomass was also investigated with A. theophrasti, A. fatua, Centaurea cyanus L., I. hederacea and Rumex crispus L. Variability of biomass, a key parameter in TNTP regulatory studies, exceeded normal biomass variability of crop species used for TNTP studies. The addition of a thin layer of quartz sand to the soil surface resulted in improved emergence of C. cyanus, G. aparine and V. persica; however, such a procedure, while routine in screening studies to improve germination, is a deviation from the TNTP guidelines. These initial studies indicate that some species could meet the emergence criteria for TNTP testing. However, there is a need for further studies on seed source, seed quality and conditions for uniform emergence before their use in routine regulatory testing.
Laser Surface Preparation of Epoxy Composites for Secondary Bonding: Optimization of Ablation Depth (2015)

Surface preparation has been identified as one of the most critical aspects of attaining predictable and reliable adhesive bonds. Energetic processes such as laser ablation or plasma treatment are amenable to automation and are easily monitored and adjusted for controlled surface preparation. A laser ablation process was developed to accurately remove a targeted depth of resin, approximately 0.1 to 20 micrometers, from a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite surface while simultaneously changing surface chemistry and creating micro-roughness. This work demonstrates the application of this process to prepare composite surfaces for bonding without exposing or damaging fibers on the surface. Composite panels were prepared in an autoclave and had a resin layer approximately 10 micrometers thick above the fiber reinforcement. These composite panels were laser surface treated using several conditions, fabricated into bonded panels and hygrothermally aged. Bond performance of aged, experimental specimens was compared with grit blast surface treated specimens using a modified double cantilever beam test that enabled accelerated saturation of the specimen with water. Comparison of bonded specimens will be used to determine how ablation depth may affect average fracture energies and failure modes.
Electrorheological response of dense strontium titanyl oxalate suspensions (2011)

In suspensions of polarizable particles the addition of polar molecules can dramatically increase the yield stress under an applied electric field, leading to a giant electrorheological (GER) effect. We report experiments on dense suspensions of strontium titanyl oxalate in silicon oil, where we find a yield stress of up to 200kPa at 5kV/mm. The magnitude of this yield stress directly correlates with the water content in the particles. In the dynamic response we observe behavior not previously reported for GER fluids and similar to sheared granular materials, including a direct proportionality between shear and normal stresses and the creation of a shear band a few particles in width. An important consequence is that the dynamic response can be varied dramatically by changing the confinement of the suspension or by imposing a normal stress.
380V digital isolated quasi-resonant multiphase converter for high power LED application (2018)

In high-power LED driver system a single stage boost-LLC AC-DC converter is usually adopted to obtain good efficiency with low cost. However, boost-LLC AC-DC converter are only available for low bus voltage due to the PFM control strategy. A two-stage approach with a PFC as first stage and dc-dc quasi-resonant converter from 380 V to 12 V is adopted in this work. The proposed DC-DC converter implements a two-phase driving approach implementing current sharing, enabling ZVS operation both at primary side and secondary side. The controller IC has been implemented in 0.16 um lithography together with a DPWM with 195 ps resolution and 40 Ms/s ADC 7 bits pipeline converter. Experimental results of a 100 A, 12 V two cells provide to show the effectiveness of the discussed system.
Heat Transfer to Rotating Turbine Blades in a Flow Undisturbed by Wakes (1994)

The flow over the high pressure blades of a gas turbine is disturbed by wakes and shock waves from the nozzle guide vanes upstream. These disturbances lead to increased heat transfer to the blade surfaces, the accurate prediction of which is an essential stage in the design process. The Oxford Rotor experiment consists of a highly instrumented 0.5 m diameter shroudless turbine which is supplied with air from a piston tube during the 200 ms run time and simulates realistic engine Mach and Reynolds numbers. Previous experiments have measured blade surface pressures and heat transfer rates, and compared them with similar data from linear cascades. The present work is designed to enable the accuracy of rotation terms in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations to be assessed, by providing heat transfer data from the rotating frame in the absence of wakes. Flow disturbances were avoided by removing the nozzle guide vanes, the correct angle of incidence onto the rotor blades being achieved by rotating the rotor in the reverse direction. Blade surface heat fluxes were measured using thin film gauges. In the absence of the usual blade-passing fluctuations, the root-mean-square fluctuation in heat flux was typically only 7% of the DC level. Nusselt numbers are compared with cascade data and CFD predictions from both a three-dimensional viscous Navier-Stokes equation solver and a two-dimensional boundary layer prediction. The low inlet turbulence level produced a long laminar region on the suction surface followed by sudden transition. CFD predictions of Nusselt number on this surface were very sensitive to the choice of boundary layer state, and the experimental level was approximately mid-way between predictions with a transitional intermittency distribution and those with a turbulent distribution. On the pressure surface the levels were approximately 25% below predicted levels, and possible reasons for this are considered.
A non-catalytic role of choline kinase alpha is important in promoting cancer cell survival (2013)

Choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) is regarded as an attractive cancer target. The enzyme catalyses the formation of phosphocholine(PCho), an important precursor in the generation of phospholipids essential for cell growth. ChoKα has oncogenic properties and is critical for the survival of cancer cells. Overexpression of the ChoKα protein can transform noncancer cells into cells with a cancerous phenotype, and depletion of the ChoKα protein can result in cancer cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying the tumourigenic properties of ChoKα are not fully understood. ChoKα was recently demonstrated to associate with other oncogenic proteins, raising the possibility that a non-catalytic protein scaffolding function drives the tumourigenic properties of ChoKα rather than a catalytic function. In order to differentiate these two roles, we compared the impact on cancer cell survival using two tools specific for ChoKα: (1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown the ChoKα protein levels; and (2) compound V-11-0711, a novel potent and selective ChoKα inhibitor (ChoKα IC50 20 nM), to impede the catalytic activity. Both treatments targeted the endogenous ChoKα protein in HeLa cells, as demonstrated by a substantial reduction in the PCho levels. siRNA knockdown of the ChoKα protein in HeLa cells resulted in significant cell death through apoptosis. In contrast, compound V-11-0711 caused a reversible growth arrest. This suggests that inhibition of ChoKα catalytic activity alone is not sufficient to kill cancer cells, and leads us to conclude that there is a role for the ChoKα protein in promoting cancer cell survival that is independent of its catalytic activity.
In Situ Reaction Mechanism Studies on the Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 from (CH3)2AlCl and Water (2005)

Reaction mechanisms between dimethylaluminum chloride and deuterated water in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 were studied at 150-400 degrees C using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). The observed reaction byproducts were DCl and CH3D. QMS showed that about one-third of the chlorine, and half of the methyl ligands were released during the (CH3)2AlCl pulse. The growth rate deduced from the QMS and QCM data was in qualitative agreement with the previously published growth rate from ALD film growth experiments.
A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. (2002)

This theoretical integration o f social psycho logy's main cognitive and affect ive constructs was shaped by three influences: (a) recent widespread interest in automatic and implicit cognition, (b) development of the Implicit Association Test (IAT: Greenwa ld, McGhee, & Schwar tz, 1998) , and (c) social psychology's consist ency theo ries of t he 1950s -especially Heider's (1958) balance theory.The balanced identity design is introduced as a method to test correlational predictions of the theory.Data obtained with this method revealed that predicted consistency patterns we re strong ly appare nt in the dat a for implicit (IAT) measures, but not in those for parallel explicit (self-report) measures.Two additional not-yet-tested predictions of the theory are described. The Cognitive Consistency Theoretical TraditionTheories of cognitive consistency dominated social psychology in the 1960s.The most influential ones had appeared in t he 1950 s, in clud ing Osgo od and Tannenbaum's ( 195 5) congr uit y the or y, Festinger's (1957 ) co gnit ive disso nanc e theo ry, and Heider's (1958) balance theory.The high point of consistency theory was the 1968 publication of the 6-editor, 920-page handbook, Theories of Cognitive Consistency: A Sourcebook (Abelson, Aronson, McGuire, Newcomb, Rosenberg, & Tannenba um, 1968) ; it cont ained 84 chapters by 75 co ntribut ing authors.Now, just over thirty years later, it is remarkable that these once-do minant theories receive at most occasional mention by social psychologists.There are several ways to understand this fall from favor.
Codierungs- und Übertragungsaspekte für mobile Videoanwendungen (Coding and Transmission Aspects for Wireless Video Applications) (2003)

Zusammenfassung Mobile Multimediaübertragung erfordert aufgrund der beschränkten Systemressourcen Sendeleistung und Bandbreite sehr effiziente Übertragungs- und Codierungstechniken. Zusätzliche Herausforderungen ergeben sich durch sich ständig ändernde Empfangsbedingungen und durch das Zusammenspiel vieler mobiler Teilnehmer für den drahtlosen Multimediazugriff. In diesem Artikel werden typische mobile Videoanwendungen und Eigenschaften mobiler Übertragungssysteme vorgestellt. Der Stand der Technik wird präsentiert, und Verbesserungen in Bezug auf Quellencodierung und Übertragungsverfahren werden diskutiert. Einige Systemkonzepte werden anhand des neuen Videocodierungsstandards MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 genauer erläutert.
ChemInform Abstract: An ESR Study of Thermal and Photoinduced Formation of Radicals from Anthralin (I) and Acylated Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract In order to improve therapeutic effectiveness for the treatment of psoriasis, the pharmacon anthralin (I) itself and several of its analogues are examined.
Direct Growth of Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes between Electrodes and Its Application to Field-Effect Transistors (2011)

This paper presents direct growth of horizontally-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) between two predefined various inter-spacing up to tens of microns of electrodes (pads) and its use as CNT field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs). Using the conventional photolithography technique followed by thin film evaporation and lift off, the catalytic electrodes (pads) were prepared, consisting of Pt, Al and Fe triple layers on SiO2/Si substrate. The grown CNTs were horizontally-aligned across the catalytic electrodes on the modified gold image furnace hot stage (thermal CVD) at 800 degrees C by using an alcohol vapor as the carbon source. Scanning and transmission electron microcopies (SEM/TEM) were used to observe the structure, growth direction and density of CNTs, while Raman spectrum analysis was used to indicate the degree of amorphous impurity and diameter of CNTs. Both single- and multi-wall CNTs with diameters of 1.1-2.2 nm were obtained and the CNT density was controlled by thickness of Fe catalytic layer. Following horizontally-aligned growth of CNTs, the electrical properties of back-gate CNT-FETs were measured and showd p-type conduction behaviors of FET.
Palladium(0)-catalyzed addition of Me3SnSnMe3 to alkyl 2-alkynoates and N,N-dimethyl-2-alkynamides. Facile preparation of alkyl (Z)- and (E)-2,3-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenoates and (E)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenamides (1994)

Treatment (tetrahydrofuran (THF), room temperature or reflux) of the alkyl 2-alkynoates 9–26 with (Me 3 Sn) 2 in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst ((Ph 3 P) 4 Pd) provides good to excellent yields of the corresponding alkyl (Z)-2,3-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenoates 47–64. The latter substances are thermally labile and, as demonstrated by a number of examples, are transformed upon heating (75–95 °C) into the thermodynamically more stable E isomers. The Pd(0)-catalyzed addition of (Me 3 Sn) 2 to N,N-dimethyl-2-alkynamides 44–46 is quite slow and the initially formed products ((Z)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-alkenamides) rearrange to the corresponding E isomers at room temperature.