gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship and economic development in New Zealand, 1880-1910 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History at Massey University (2004)

This study investigates entrepreneurial activity in New Zealand between 1880 and 1910. Economic indicators, population, import and export patterns, provincial differences, and industrial development are examined to understand entrepreneurship and its relationship to economic growth. In addition, a case analysis of 133 entrepreneurs is presented, which analyses the backgrounds, education, reasons for venture start-up, venture types, methods of growth, incidence of failure, and sources of capital for nineteenth-century New Zealand entrepreneurs. This study suggests that a range of structural characteristics present in the New Zealand economy at this time, such as rapid population growth, technological innovation, isolation of markets, business structures, public works investment, immigration, and fiscal policies, encouraged and fostered entrepreneurial activity. Common characteristics among those who undertook new ventures over this period are highlighted; these include skill, commercial experience, limited capital, partnership, networks and the propensity to undertake multiple business ventures. Overall, entrepreneurial activity by small and medium-sized enterprises emerged as an important mechanism by which the colonial economy expanded both in scale and scope.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A haplotype map of the human genome. (2005)

Inherited genetic variation has a critical but as yet largely uncharacterized role in human disease.
Novel Class of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Prevent Thrombosis By Inhibiting Fibrinogen Cleavage While Preserving Platelet Function (2016)

Abstract We have developed a new class of direct thrombin inhibitors (VE-DTIs) that act through reversible covalent enzyme inhibition. These compounds inhibit thrombin with high potency (IC50 &lt; 10 nM) and with better than 100× selectivity against related serine proteases. In rodents, VE-DTIs show dose-dependent efficacy in preventing arterial and venous thromboses respectively in arteriovenous shunt thrombosis and venous stasis thrombosis models. They also prevent thrombin-induced pulmonary embolism in rodents. Despite their strong anticoagulation properties, VE-DTIs are associated with significantly lower bleeding times than other approved anticoagulants dabigatran, argatroban or apixaban in rodent bleeding models (tail bleeding time and saphenous vein bleeding time). We compared the effect of VE-DTIs and the DTIs argatroban and dabigatran on the coagulation cascade. In vitro, VE-DTIs inhibited thrombin-mediated fibrinogen cleavage with similar potency. Inhibition of thrombin/thrombomodulin complex-mediated activation of TAFI and protein C by VE-DTIs were also comparable. In contrast, VE-DTIs were more than 1000-fold less potent in inhibiting thrombin-mediated platelet activation than the other DTIs. Additionally, and also in contrast to argatroban and dabigatran, VE-DTIs protect rodents from the effects of thrombin-induced pulmonary embolism without significantly inhibiting platelet activation. The ability of VE-DTIs to prevent thrombosis without significantly impacting platelet function could lead to a new anticoagulant therapy with lower bleeding risk. Disclosures Sivaraja: Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sizikov:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sandoval:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lin:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Igoudin:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Dash:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Xu:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Clemens:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Estiarte:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Shiau:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Short:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Williams:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Datta:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kita:Verseon Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Time Course of Motor Preparation during Visual Search with Flexible Stimulus-Response Association (2013)

Whether allocation of visuospatial attention can be divorced from saccade preparation has been the subject of intense research efforts. A variant of the visual search paradigm, in which a feature singleton indicates that the correct saccade should be directed to it (prosaccade) or to the opposite distractor (antisaccade), has been influential in addressing this core topic. We performed a causal assessment of this controversy by delivering an air puff to one eye to invoke the trigeminal blink reflex as monkeys performed this visual search task. Blinks effectively remove saccadic inhibition and prematurely trigger impending saccades in reaction time tasks, thus providing a behavioral readout of the premotor plan. We found that saccades accompanied blinks during the initial allocation of attention epoch and that these movements were directed to the singleton for both prosaccade and antisaccade trials. Blinks evoked at later times were accompanied with saccades to the correct end point location: the singleton on prosaccade trials and the opposite distractor on antisaccade trials. These results provide support for concurrent encoding of visuospatial attention and saccade preparation during visual search behavior.
Randomized controlled trial transfusing convalescent plasma as post-exposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

Clinicaltrial.gov number NCT04323800 .
Photoresponse characteristics of n-type tetrahedral amorphous carbon/p-type Si heterojunction diodes (1994)

The photovoltaic behavior and spectral response of n-type (nitrogen-doped) tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C)/p-type crystalline silicon heterojunction photodiodes are reported. Abrupt step junction type characteristics are observed with ta-C films ranging in thickness from 40 to 160 nm. The photovoltage increases and the prominent peak in responsivity shifts from 800 nm to longer wavelengths of 1000 nm as the doping in the ta-C films is increased, indicative of a widening of the depletion region in the Si. Use of the responsivity vs wavelength data with the Donnelly and Milnes model for an abrupt heterojunction is successful in predicting the depletion width in the Si and the doping level in the higher doped ta-C. The latter value coupled with the x-ray photoemission spectroscopy derived N concentration in the ta-C films enables an estimation of the doping efficiency. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy studies also confirm the abrupt nature of the junctions.
Algorithms for the Markov entropy decomposition (2013)

The Markov entropy decomposition (MED) is a recently proposed, cluster-based simulation method for finite temperature quantum systems with arbitrary geometry. In this paper, we detail numerical algorithms for performing the required steps of the MED, principally solving a minimization problem with a preconditioned Newton's algorithm, as well as how to extract global susceptibilities and thermal responses. We demonstrate the power of the method with the spin-1/2 $XXZ$ model on the 2D square lattice, including the extraction of critical points and details of each phase. Although the method shares some qualitative similarities with exact diagonalization, we show that the MED is both more accurate and significantly more flexible.
Zirconocene‐Mediated Carbonylative Coupling of Grignard Reagents (2016)

Organozirconocenes are versatile synthetic intermediates that can undergo carbonylation to yield acyl anion equivalents. Zirconocene hydrochloride ([Cp2 ZrHCl]) is often the reagent of choice for accessing these intermediates but generates organozirconocenes only from alkenes and alkynes. This requirement eliminates a broad range of substrates. For example, organozirconocenes in which the zirconium center is bonded to an aromatic ring, a benzylic group, or an alkyl group that possesses a tertiary or quaternary carbon atom α to the carbon-zirconium bond can not be formed in this way. To provide more generalized access to acyl zirconium reagents, we explored the transmetalation of Grignard reagents with zirconocene dichloride under a CO atmosphere. This protocol generates acyl zirconium(IV) complexes that are inaccessible with the Schwartz reagent, including those derived from secondary and tertiary alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents.
Common human genetic variants and HIV-1 susceptibility: a genome-wide survey in a homogeneous African population (2020)

To date, CCR5 variants remain the only human genetic factors to be confirmed to impact HIV-1 acquisition. However, protective CCR5 variants are largely absent in African populations, in which sporadic resistance to HIV-1 infection is still unexplained. Here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of 1,532 individuals from Malawi, a country with high prevalence of HIV-1 infection, to investigate whether common genetic variants associate with HIV-1 susceptibility in Africans. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present on the genome-wide chip, we also investigated previously reported associations with HIV-1 susceptibility or acquisition. Recruitment was coordinated by the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology at two sexually transmitted infection clinics. HIV status was determined by HIV rapid tests and nucleic acid testing.
Parameterized model order reduction of delayed systems using an interpolation approach with amplitude and frequency scaling coefficients (2012)

When the geometric dimensions become electrically large or signal waveform rise times decrease, time delays must be included in the modeling. We present an innovative PMOR technique for neutral delayed differential systems, which is based on an efficient and reliable combination of univariate model order reduction methods, amplitude and frequency scaling coefficients and positive interpolation schemes. It is able to provide parameterized reduced order models passive by construction over the design space of interest. Pertinent numerical examples validate the proposed PMOR approach.
Kinetics of ATP synthesis catalyzed by the H+‐ATPase from chloroplasts (CF0F1) reconstituted into liposomes and coreconstituted with bacteriorhodopsin (1992)

The H(+)-ATPase from chloroplasts (CF0F1) was isolated, purified and reconstituted into liposomes from phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic acid. A transmembrane pH difference, delta pH, and a transmembrane electric potential difference, delta psi, were generated by an acid/base transition. The rate of ATP synthesis was measured at constant delta pH and constant delta psi as a function of temperature between 5 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The activation energy was 55 kJ mol-1. CF0F1 was coreconstituted with bacteriorhodopsin at a molar ratio of approximately 1:170 in the same type of liposomes. Illumination of the proteoliposomes leads to proton transport into the vesicles generating a constant delta pH = 1.8. The dependence of the rate of ATP synthesis on ADP concentration was measured with CF0F1 in the oxidized state, E(ox), and in the reduced state, E(red). The results can be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics with the following parameters: Vmax = 0.5 s-1, Km = 8 microM for E(ox) and Vmax = 2.0 s-1, Km = 8 microM for E(red).
Supplementary Figures S1-S9 from MMP16 Mediates a Proteolytic Switch to Promote Cell–Cell Adhesion, Collagen Alignment, and Lymphatic Invasion in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S9. MMP14 which is over-expressed in melanoma cell lines was not associated with patient survival (S1); Vasculature and morphology of human melanoma tumors (S2); MMP16 expression in WM852 cells and its correlation with tumor weight in melanoma xenografts (S3); No significant difference in the blood and lymphatic vessel densities was observed between shScr and shMMP16 tumors (S4); MMP16-silencing does not affect mouse collagen type I in xenografts (S5); Endogenous or exogenous MMP16 regulates collagen invasion and cell-cell contacts in WM852 and Bowes melanoma cells (S6); Endogenous or recombinant MMP16 regulates LEC spheroid intravasation of WM852 and Bowes melanoma cells (S7); Silencing of L1CAM cleaved by MMP16 rescued the transmigration across BECs but not the cell junction disassembly of shMMP16 cells (S8); L1CAM immunohistochemistry of xenografts and human samples (S9).&lt;/p&gt;
Pausing and Resuming Network Flows using Programmable Buffers (2018)

The emerging 5G networks and applications require network traffic to be buffered at different points in a wide area network with different policies based on user mobility, usage patterns, device and application types. Existing Software Defined Network (SDN) solutions fail to provide sufficient decoupling between the data-plane and control-plane to enable efficient control of where, when, and how a network flow is buffered without causing excessive control-plane traffic. Alternative approaches either cater to application-specific use cases or follow completely new paradigms that are not compatible with 5G evolution. In this paper, we present (1) a new programming abstraction for network buffering, (2) a new set of northbound APIs for network applications to pause and resume traffic flows in the network, (3) a new set of southbound APIs to scalably control where, when, and how a network flow is buffered, and (4) evaluations based on the prototype implementation of data-plane and control-plane functions. Our evaluations indicate significant performance and scalability potentials, and show near-optimal results in mobility-management and connectionless communication use cases.
In vitro effects of N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide on organic ion uptake by rat renal cortex (1986)

N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is a selective nephrotoxin in rats. Previous studies in the authors' laboratory have demonstrated that a NDPS metabolite of extrarenal origin contributes to NDPS-induced nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of NDPS on organic ion accumulation by renal cortical slices. Male Fischer 344 rats were killed by cervical dislocation, and kidneys rapidly removed. Renal cortical slices were prepared freehand and incubated (30 min) at 25 or 37/sup 0/C with NDPS (10/sup -4/ to 10/sup -7/M) or vehicle (30 ..mu..1). (/sup 14/C)-Tetraethylammonium (TEA) or (/sup 14/C)-p-amino-hippurate (PAH) was added and incubations continued for 90 min. At 25/sup 0/C, only basal PAH uptake was reduced by NDPS (10/sup -4/M) while lower NDPS accumulations did not decrease PAH or TEA uptake. At 37/sup 0/C, TEA uptake was decreased at NDPS concentrations of 10/sup -5/M or greater while basal and lactate-stimulated PAH uptake were decreased at a NDPS concentration of 10/sup -4/M. These results suggest that the kidney as well as extrarenal tissues may be capable of forming the nephrotoxic NDPS species.
Photoluminescence properties of β-SiAlON:Yb2+, a novel green-emitting phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (2011)

We have synthesized Yb<sup>2+</sup>-activated Si<sub>6-<i>z</i></sub> Al <sub><i>z</i></sub> O <sub><i>z</i></sub> N<sub>8-<i>z</i></sub> (0.05⩽<i>z</i>⩽2.3, 0.03 mol% ⩽Yb<sup>2+</sup>⩽0.7 mol%) green phosphors by solid-state reaction at 1900 °C for 2 h under a nitrogen pressure of 1.0 MPa. Phase purity, photoluminescence and its thermal quenching were investigated. A single phase was obtained for all values of <i>z</i> and Yb<sup>2+</sup> concentration. A distinct emission band was observed at 540 nm originating from the 5d-4f electronic transition in Yb<sup>2+</sup> under 480 nm excitation. The photoluminescence properties mainly depended on the Yb<sup>2+</sup> concentration and chemical composition of the matrix. The resultant phosphor showed high thermal stability, that is, the emission intensity at 150 °C was about 82% of that measured at room temperature. The experimental results indicate that β-SiAlON:Yb<sup>2+</sup> is a potential green phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which use blue LEDs as the primary light source.
Automatic Cross-Polar Discrimination Optimization System for Ku-band VSAT Antennas (2020)

This paper proposes a novel system for the optimization of the cross-polar discrimination (XPD) value of a Ku-band VSAT antenna. Firstly, the model of the signals received at the co- and cross-polar HUB output ports is derived. Based on this, the XPD optimization procedure is described, relying on the power measurement of specific signals received on the two ports. As the signal on the cross-polar output is received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio, its demodulation and power measurement are enabled by transmitting a highly spread spectrum signal. Also, the successive interference cancellation technique typical of the enhanced-spread spectrum access (E-SSA) protocol is here exploited to retrieve the useful signal on the cross-polar port. Finally, simulation results validate the proposed approach and preliminary on-field measurements show the operability of the system.
<title>Remotely powered multichannel microprocessor-based telemetry systems for smart implantable devices and smart structures</title> (1999)

The development of improved implantable devices and materials require knowledge of their in vivo behavior. However, little is known about the actual loads borne by implanted devices in vivo. Direct load measurement would provide extremely valuable information, for the improvement of device designs, and for the rapid rehabilitation of individuals in which devices have been implanted. Multichannel telemetry systems, combined with strain gauges, can provide this information.
Prefix Exclude Option for DHCPv6-based Prefix Delegation (2012)

This specification defines an optional mechanism to allow exclusion of
one specific prefix from a delegated prefix set when using
DHCPv6-based prefix delegation. The new mechanism updates RFC 3633.
[STANDARDS-TRACK]
Magnetic Surfaces, Thin Films, and Multilayers (1992)

This symposium details recent development in the magnetism of surfaces, thin films and multilayers. More than 20 invited contributions and more than 60 contributed papers attest to the great interest and vitality of this subject. In recent years the study of magnetic surfaces, thin films and multilayers has undergone a renaissance, partly motivated by the development of new growth and characterization techniques, but perhaps more so by the discovery of many exciting new properties, some quite unanticipated. These include, most recently, the discovery of enormous values of magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers far exceeding those found in magnetic single layer films and the discovery of oscillatory interlayer coupling in transition metal multilayers. These experimental studies have motivated much theoretic work. However these developments are to a large extent powered by 'materials engineering' and our ability to control and understand the growth of thin layers just a few atoms thick.
Muscle glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: Restoration of enzymatic activity in hybrid myotubes (1993)

A high level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity was observed in myoblasts and myotubes from normal human and mouse cell cultures. However, only a residual amount of activity was observed in myoblasts and myotubes obtained from G6PD-deficient patients (G6PD Mediterranean). Hybrids were formed by the fusion of normal (from human and mouse) and G6PD-deficient myoblasts (from the patients). These hybrids contained a high level of G6PD activity. Hoechst staining permitted to confirm that the enzymatic activity was not restrained to a domain near the competent nuclei. These results suggest that myoblast transplantation could be used to restore normal enzymatic activity in metabolic myopathies.
Mapping charge transfers between quantum levels using noncontact atomic force microscopy (2010)

We demonstrate the possibility to map nanoscale charge transfers between quantum electronic levels at room temperature, using noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin force microscopy in a regime of weak electromechanical coupling. A two-level system is studied, consisting of degenerately doped silicon nanocrystals on silicon substrates, with size in the 2--50 nm range, in which the energy spacing is tuned by the nanocrystal quantum confinement over a $\ensuremath{\approx}1\text{ }\text{eV}$ range. The nanocrystal ionization is found to follow an energy compensation mechanism driven by quantum confinement, in quantitative agreement with parametrized tight-binding calculations of its band structure.
Next‐generation DNA sequencing of HEXA: a step in the right direction for carrier screening (2013)

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is the prototype for ethnic-based carrier screening, with a carrier rate of ∼1/27 in Ashkenazi Jews and French Canadians. HexA enzyme analysis is the current gold standard for TSD carrier screening (detection rate ∼98%), but has technical limitations. We compared DNA analysis by next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) plus an assay for the 7.6 kb deletion to enzyme analysis for TSD carrier screening using 74 samples collected from participants at a TSD family conference. Fifty-one of 74 participants had positive enzyme results (46 carriers, five late-onset Tay-Sachs [LOTS]), 16 had negative, and seven had inconclusive results. NGS + 7.6 kb del screening of HEXA found a pathogenic mutation, pseudoallele, or variant of unknown significance (VUS) in 100% of the enzyme-positive or obligate carrier/enzyme-inconclusive samples. NGS detected the B1 allele in two enzyme-negative obligate carriers. Our data indicate that NGS can be used as a TSD clinical carrier screening tool. We demonstrate that NGS can be superior in detecting TSD carriers compared to traditional enzyme and genotyping methodologies, which are limited by false-positive and false-negative results and ethnically focused, limited mutation panels, respectively, but is not ready for sole use due to lack of information regarding some VUS.
Failure Resistant Data Center Cooling Control Through Model-Based Thermal Zone Mapping (2012)

Due to the tremendous cooling costs, data center cooling efficiency improvement has been actively pursued for years. In addition to cooling efficiency, the reliability of the cooling system is also essential for guaranteed uptime. In traditional data center cooling system design with N+1 or higher redundancy, all the computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units are either constantly online or cycled according to a predefined schedule. Both cooling system configurations, however, have their respective drawbacks. Data centers are usually over provisioned when all CRAC units are online all the time, and hence the cooling efficiency is low. On the other hand, although cooling efficiency can be improved by cycling CRAC units and turning off the backups, it is difficult to schedule the cycling such that sufficient cooling provisioning is guaranteed and gross over provisioning is avoided. In this paper, we aim to maintain the data center cooling redundancy while achieving high cooling efficiency. Using model-based thermal zone mapping, we first partition data centers to achieve the desired level of cooling influence redundancy. We then design a distributed controller for each of the CRAC units to regulate the thermal status within its zone of influence. The distributed controllers coordinate with each other to achieve the desired data center thermal status using the least cooling power. When CRAC units or their associated controllers fail, racks in the affected thermal zones are still within the control “radius” of other decentralized cooling controllers through predefined thermal zone overlap, and hence their thermal status is properly managed by the active CRAC units and controllers. Using this failure resistant data center cooling control approach, both cooling efficiency and robustness are achieved simultaneously. A higher flexibility in cooling system maintenance is also expected, since the distributed control system can automatically adapt to the new cooling facility configuration incurred by maintenance.