gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by Macrophages Exerts Cytoprotective Effects Manifested by the Upregulation of Antiapoptotic Factors (2009)

It is becoming increasingly apparent that Staphylococcus aureus are able to survive engulfment by macrophages, and that the intracellular environment of these host cells, which is essential to innate host defenses against invading microorganisms, may in fact provide a refuge for staphylococcal survival and dissemination. Based on this, we postulated that S. aureus might induce cytoprotective mechanisms by changing gene expression profiles inside macrophages similar to obligate intracellular pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To validate our hypothesis we first ascertained whether S. aureus infection could affect programmed cell death in human (hMDMs) and mouse (RAW 264.7) macrophages and, specifically, protect these cells against apoptosis. Our findings indicate that S. aureus-infected macrophages are more resistant to staurosporine-induced cell death than control cells, an effect partly mediated via the inhibition of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of human monocyte-derived macrophages during S. aureus infection revealed a significant increase in the expression of antiapoptotic genes. This was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of selected genes involved in mitochondria-dependent cell death, clearly showing overexpression of BCL2 and MCL1. Cumulatively, the results of our experiments argue that S. aureus is able to induce a cytoprotective effect in macrophages derived from different mammal species, which can prevent host cell elimination, and thus allow intracellular bacterial survival. Ultimately, it is our contention that this process may contribute to the systemic dissemination of S. aureus infection.
From Well‐Defined Carbon‐Rich Precursors to Monodisperse Carbon Particles with Hierarchic Structures (2007)

A method for preparing carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with controllable hierarchic structures is developed by combining the precursor-defined pyrolysis and the template method. Well-organized monodisperse CNPs, such as spherical particles with 3D porous structures (a), hollow carbon orbs containing small Pt particles (b), and graphitic microbeads with or without slits (c), are prepared by using structurally different precursors (see figure). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c2365_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Targeting primary acute myeloid leukemia with a new CXCR4 antagonist IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143) (2017)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 mediates cell anchorage in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and is overexpressed in 25-30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we have shown that a new CXCR4 receptor antagonist IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143) binds strongly to AML cell lines and to AML primary cells inhibiting their chemotaxis in response to CXCL12. PF-06747143 also induced cytotoxicity in AML cells via Fc-effector function. To characterize the effects of PF-06747143 on leukemia progression, we used two different patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: Patient 17<sup>CXCR4-low</sup> and P15<sup>CXCR4-high</sup> models, characterized by relatively low and high CXCR4 expression, respectively. Weekly administration of PF-06747143 to leukemic mice significantly reduced leukemia development in both models. Secondary transplantation of BM cells from PF-06747143-treated or IgG1 control-treated animals showed that leukemic progenitors were also targeted by PF-06747143. Administration of a single dose of PF-06747143 to PDX models induced rapid malignant cell mobilization into the peripheral blood (PB). These findings support evaluation of this antibody in AML therapy, with particular appeal to patients resistant to chemotherapy and to unfit patients, unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy.
Effects of Niacin Restriction on Sirtuin and PARP Responses to Photodamage in Human Skin (2012)

Sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, link cellular energy status with responses to environmental stresses. Skin is frequently exposed to the DNA damaging effects of UV irradiation, a known etiology in skin cancer. Thus, understanding the defense mechanisms in response to UV, including the role of SIRTs and PARPs, may be important in developing skin cancer prevention strategies. Here, we report expression of the seven SIRT family members in human skin. SIRTs gene expressions are progressively upregulated in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells (SIRTs1 and 3), actinic keratoses (SIRTs 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7) and squamous cell carcinoma (SIRTs 1-7). Photodamage induces dynamic changes in SIRT expression with upregulation of both SIRT1 and SIRT4 mRNAs. Specific losses of SIRT proteins occur early after photodamage followed by accumulation later, especially for SIRT4. Niacin restriction, which decreases NAD(+), the sirtuin substrate, results in an increase in acetylated proteins, upregulation of SIRTs 2 and 4, increased inherent DNA damage, alterations in SIRT responses to photodamage, abrogation of PARP activation following photodamage, and increased sensitivity to photodamage that is completely reversed by repleting niacin. These data support the hypothesis that SIRTs and PARPs play important roles in resistance to photodamage and identify specific SIRTs that respond to photodamage and may be targets for skin cancer prevention.
의료용 전기 접점부의 마이크로 레이저 용접 (2003)

Over the past few decades, there has been increasing research and commercial activity in invasive and non-invasive biomedical technology. One important challenge to developing these devices involves the increasing density of electrical interconnects. Resistance spot welding is limited in the density of interconnect based on either the size of welding head or the positional precision with which a weld can be made. Development of an automated laser microwelding system would permit the continued advancement of these important biomedical technologies. 
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the application of pseudo-pulse Nd: Y AG laser technology as an alternative to resistance spot welding in performing electrical interconnection within biomedical products. To date, some experiments have been conducted by using a pseudo-pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser, a successful weld of a 25㎛ diameter Pt/Ir wire to a 316 stainless steel shim can be made. Another application involves welding clips, which may be used for external interconnection, to electrodeposited nickel domes that make particular interconnections to specific insulated wires within a cable. These results show a great deal of promise for developing such a process.
Evaluation of Phosphorus and Non-Phosphorus Neutral Oligonucleotide Backbones for Enhancing Therapeutic Index of Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides (2021)

The phosphorothioate (PS) linkage in an essential component of therapeutic oligonucleotides. PS in the DNA region of gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) supports RNaseH1 activity and enhances nuclease stability. PS also promotes binding to plasma, cell surface, and intracellular proteins, which facilitates tissue distribution, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape of PS ASOs. We recently showed that site-specific replacement of PS in the DNA gap with methoxylpropyl phosphonate (MOP) linkages can enhance the therapeutic index of gapmer ASOs. In this article, we explored 18 phosphorus- and non-phosphorus-based neutral backbone modifications to determine the structure-activity relationship of neutral linkages for enhancing therapeutic index. Replacing MOP with other alkyl phosphonate and phosphotriester linkages enhanced therapeutic index, but these linkages were susceptible to chemical degradation during oligonucleotide deprotection from solid supports following synthesis. Replacing MOP with non-phosphorus linkages resulted in improved chemical stability, but these linkages were introduced into ASOs as nucleotide dimers, which limits their versatility. Overall, linkages such as isopropyl and isobutyl phosphonates and <i>O</i>-isopropyl and <i>O</i>-tetrahydrofuranosyl phosphotriesters, formacetal, and C3-amide showed improved activity in mice relative to MOP. Our data suggest that site-specific incorporation of any neutral backbone linkage can improve therapeutic index, but the size, hydrophobicity, and RNA-binding affinity of the linkage influence ASO activity.
Time-slot interchange of 40 Gbits/s variable length optical packets using conversion–dispersion-based tunable delays (2008)

We demonstrate tunable time-slot interchange of 40 Gbits/s optical data packets using a conversion-dispersion-based tunable optical delay element. Odd and even data packets are extracted from an input signal, delayed relative to one another in a highly dispersive medium, and then multiplexed back together. Tunability is demonstrated by operating with two different packet lengths, 182 and 288 bits/packet, and a bit error rate of <10(-9) is achieved.
Effects on the Accuracy Performance of Rogowski Coils Due to Temperature and Humidity (2022)

The spread of the new generation of Low-Power Instrument Transformers (LPITs) is enhancing the set of monitoring tools that System Operators (SO) can use. For example, LPITs are smaller, compacter, much easier to install, and more flexible compared to the old generation of inductive Instrument Transformers (ITs). Therefore, new monitoring strategies for the control and management of the Distribution Network (DNs) can be developed and implemented. However, new devices are seldom supported by consolidated Standards. In fact, even if standards on ITs exist, some aspects still need more research. To this purpose, this paper studies the combined effect of humidity and temperature on 3 different off-the-shelf Low-Power Current Transformers (LPCTs). The adopted LPCTs are the Rogowski coils (RCs). A dedicated measurement setup has been developed, and specific tests have been designed starting from some inputs given in the standards. The RCs have been evaluated in terms of the well-known ratio error and phase displacement. Finally, the obtained measurement results clearly demonstrate the key role of temperature and humidity on the accuracy performance of the RCs. Consequently, humidity and more complex tests should be considered for being added in the future versions of the standards.
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming of spent coffee grounds (2019)

Abstract Conversion of spent coffee grounds through the Thermo-Catalytic Reforming system (TCR ® ) is evaluated in this study. While, the TCR ® is a technology that has been developed by Fraunhofer UMSICHT, which combines an intermediate pyrolysis and a catalytic reforming. The temperature of the catalytic reformer is varied between 500 and 700 °C to achieve an optimum yield quantities and qualities of the products. The hydrogen concentration is maximized at a reforming temperature of 700 °C, and a gas yield up to 52 wt% is achieved. The thermal stable bio-oil produced at 700 °C has the highest calorific value of 36.8 MJ/kg with significantly low oxygen and water content, low viscosity and low TAN (total acid number). Furthermore, the maximum bio-oil and char yields are obtained at the lowest reforming temperature of 500 °C. Overall spent coffee grounds show a great potential as feedstock in the Thermo-Catalytic Reforming for energy and bio-chemicals production.
Replication of an emergency department-based recovery coaching intervention and pilot testing of pragmatic trial protocols within the context of Indiana's Opioid State Targeted Response plan (2019)

Solving the opioid crisis requires immediate, innovative, and sustainable solutions. A number of promising strategies are being carried out by U.S. states and territories as part of their Opioid State Targeted Response (STR) plans funded through the 21st Century Cures Act, and they provide an opportunity for researchers to assess effectiveness of these interventions using pragmatic approaches. This paper describes a pilot study of Project Planned Outreach, Intervention, Naloxone, and Treatment (POINT), the intervention that served as the basis for Indiana's STR-funded, emergency department (ED)-based peer specialist expansion that was conducted in preparation for a larger, multisite pragmatic trial. Through the pilot, we identified, documented, and corrected for challenges encountered while implementing planned study protocols. Per the project's funding mechanism, the ability to move to the larger trial was determined by the achievement of 3 milestones: (1) successful replication of the intervention; (2) demonstrated ability to obtain the necessary sample size; and (3) observe a higher level of engagement in medication for addiction treatment in the POINT group compared to standard care. Overall implementation of the study protocols was successful, with only minor refinements to proposed procedures being required in light of challenges with (1) data access, (2) recruitment, and (3) identification of the expansion hospitals. All three milestones were reached. Challenges in implementing protocols and reaching milestones resulted in refinements that improved the study design overall. The subsequent trial will add to the limited but growing evidence on ED-based peer supports. Capitalizing on STR efforts to study an already scaling and promising intervention is likely to lead to faster and more sustainable results with greater generalizability than traditional, efficacy-focused clinical research.
A Case of a Ewing Sarcoma Family Tumor in the Urinary Bladder After Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2007)

We report the first case of a tumor of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors arising from the urinary bladder 3 years after chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A 16-year-old boy complained of macrohematuria and dysuria during the posttreatment follow up of his acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a 1-cm sized intravesical tumor. The tumor was transurethrally resected with no residual tumor at the margin. Histopathologic analyses revealed a small round blue cell tumor with positive staining for CD99 antibody. EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts were detected in the tumor tissue by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These findings support the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma family of tumor. After adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy, the patient has shown no evidence of disease for more than 2 years.
Cross validation of Supersonic Shear Wave Imaging (SSI) with classical rheometry during blood coagulation over a very large bandwidth (2013)

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) affects millions of people worldwide. Its diagnosis and treatment depends on clot's age which is closely related to its viscoelastic properties. In this study we use Supersonic Shear Wave Imaging (SSI) and classical rheometry to measure the evolution of the viscoelastic properties of blood clots. Using SSI and shear wave spectroscopy (SWS), dispersion curves were obtained between 50 and 300 Hz every minute for 2 hours during coagulation. Using the values for G' and G" from the rheological studies, the theoretical shear wave speeds were calculated for frequencies between 0.25 and 30 Hz at the same time points. Maxwell, Voigt and Zener models were fitted to the dispersion data obtained by combining both techniques. Shear wave speed showed a marked increase with time of coagulation for all the frequencies, from around 0.5 m/s at the beginning of coagulation to 0.9 after 2 hours. The Zener model (μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , η) showed the best fit on the data out of the 3 models. Even though the Maxwell (μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sub> , μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">η</sub> ) and Voigt (μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</sub> , η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</sub> ) models did a good job at higher frequencies (70 Hz and up), both models failed to characterize the lower frequencies. Combination of SSI and classical rheometry allowed the characterization of the viscoelastic properties of blood clots in a very large frequency range between 0.25 Hz and 300 Hz. The two techniques showed very good agreement suggesting that SSI could be used to study the rheological properties of soft solids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Single‐Enantiomer Bioactive Molecules: A Brief Overview (2014)

Abstract Review: 77 refs.
Activating mutations and translocations in the guanine exchange factor VAV1 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (2017)

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas frequently associated with poor prognosis and for which genetic mechanisms of transformation remain incompletely understood. Using RNA sequencing and targeted sequencing, here we identify a recurrent in-frame deletion (VAV1 Δ778-786) generated by a focal deletion-driven alternative splicing mechanism as well as novel VAV1 gene fusions (VAV1-THAP4, VAV1-MYO1F, and VAV1-S100A7) in PTCL. Mechanistically these genetic lesions result in increased activation of VAV1 catalytic-dependent (MAPK, JNK) and non-catalytic-dependent (nuclear factor of activated T cells, NFAT) VAV1 effector pathways. These results support a driver oncogenic role for VAV1 signaling in the pathogenesis of PTCL.
Ruthenium‐catalyzed biginelli condensation: A simple and efficient one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones under mild reaction conditions (2006)

Abstract magnified image Ruthenium trichloride was found to be an efficient catalyst for the first time for the synthesis of a variety of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1 H )‐ones by cyclocondensation of an aldehyde, β‐dicarbonyl compound and urea in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Failure of low‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy to suppress disease activity in patients with treatment‐refractory rheumatoid arthritis (1996)

Low-dose IVIg, as administered in this trial, does not show a therapeutic effect in patients with refractory RA.
Two Cases of Canine Histoplasmosis in Japan. (2001)

Histoplasmosis is distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones of the world. The disease is one of the imported mycoses in Japan. To date, although more than 30 human and one canine case of histoplasmosis have been reported in Japan, some including that of the canine might have been infected domestically, since the patients have no history of going abroad. The pathogen of histoplasmosis is thus believed to be present in our country. We examined skin biopsies from two dogs in Tokyo and Kumamoto, and found fungal elements 1-2 or 2-4 microEm in diameter in the macrophages. The homology of DNA sequences for the ITS rRNA gene were correspondent to Ajellomyces capsulatus at a rate of more than 97.4%. Therefore, the two dogs were diagnosed as having been infected with Histoplasma capsulatum which is the anamorph of A. capsulatus. Since the dogs had no history of having been outside Japan and had not been brought from an endemic area, they might have been infected domestically. Further epidemiological surveys on canine histoplasmosis may be able to estimate autochthonous human cases in Japan.
Phase defect repair for the chromeless phase lithography (CPL) mask (2002)

Chromeless phase lithography (CPL) has been shown as a viable technology for 65nm technology node. Unlike alternating PSM, the CPL aerial image is formed by the interference from a pair of symmetrical phase edges. It is thus less vulnerable to mask phase errors and to the mask defect types that are otherwise highly sensitive to asymmetrical phase imaging. Among the various types of mask defects, the quartz bump has been singled out as the phase defects that must be captured and repaired during the CPL mask manufacturing. In this paper, we focus on the CPL mask inspection and repair technologies for the quartz bump defect. Using a set of programmed CPL mask defects, we characterize the quartz defect inspectablity and repair capability. We then use AFM and SEM tools to scan the defect for the precise location and dimension. The FIB induced etching process, gas assist etching (GAE), are used for the quartz bump repair. In order to better control the repairing effect, a multi-pass GAE process was proposed. The defect repair performances were verified by AIMS and resist printing. We show that the quartz bump can be detected using the current state-of-the-art mask inspection tool and most importantly, it can be repaired effectively with minimum or little impact to the printing performance.
Automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanism in HIPERLAN/2 (2002)

A WLAN standard, called HIPERLAN/2 (H/2), is currently defined in the ETSI/BRAN project. The standard can provide wireless access to several fixed networks with high data rate (up to 54 Mbps) in 5 GHz frequency range. To guarantee robustness in various types of radio channels a selective repeat ARQ with partial bitmap SRPB has been adopted as an error control mode. The SRPB ARQ mechanism was selected due to efficient retransmissions and low overhead of ARQ acknowledgements. The dynamic assignment ARQ acknowledgement opportunities integrated in SRPB can reduce the delay of acknowledgements and enhance the throughput. In this paper we describe the SRPB ARQ mechanism in H/2 and show the simulated performance.
High-speed and localized resistive switching characteristics of double-layer SrZrO3 memory devices (2010)

The fabrication of SrZrO 3 (SZO) memory devices with oxygen-rich (OR) and oxygen-deficient (OD) double layers, their resistive switching (RS) characteristics and mechanisms are investigated in this study. Due to the difference in oxygen content between the OR and OD layers formed by an oxygen flow control (OFC) process during SZO deposition, the RS region is effectively reduced and localized within the OR layer, which leads to a low operation voltage and stable RS behaviours. Furthermore, the OFC SZO device exhibits high-speed switching (10 ns) over 400 times and long retention (&gt;10 6 s), showing promising potential for next-generation nonvolatile memory applications.
An Analysis of the Optimum Node Density for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Ad Hoc Networks (2017)

This paper investigates simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in the ad hoc network, where access points (APs) with multiple antennas can transfer energy as well as information using a common spectrum resource. The receiving nodes decode the incoming information data (information decoding, ID) and/or harvest the RF energy (energy harvesting, EH), where two different receiving node architectures-time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS)-are considered. By using a stochastic geometry approach, we aim to analyze the transmission capacity and the harvested energy per unit area as performance measures of the SWIPT in the ad hoc network. From the analytical results, we can derive the optimal node densities of ID nodes and EH nodes for TS architectures and, furthermore, optimize the power splitting ratio jointly with the node density for the PS architectures such that the harvested energy per unit area is maximized when the target transmission capacity is given. The proposed node density optimization gives us a useful insight into the design of SWIPT-based ad hoc network, where we can show how densely the APs/nodes can be deployed in a given area and furthermore, find that the ad hoc network with PS receiving nodes outperforms that with TS receiving nodes for a large target transmission capacity, and vice versa.