gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional proteomics of signal transduction by membrane receptors (1999)

Functional proteomic methods have been developed and applied to the investigation of signal transduction systems involving platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), endothelin and bradykinin receptors. Mouse fibroblast cells have been stimulated with PDGF or endothelin. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of several hundred proteins has been followed as a function of time following stimulation using 2-D gel electrophoresis and anti-phosphotyrosine or anti-phosphoserine antibodies. Up to 100 of these proteins showed strong changes in phosphorylation with minutes of receptor stimulation. Identification of some of these proteins by mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and by partial peptide sequencing with ion trap electrospray mass spectrometry has identified proteins which were previously known to be associated with PDGF signaling, proteins which have been shown to be involved in other signaling pathways, but not PDGF and proteins not previously associated with signal transduction. Parallel to these studies, new methods for rapid, single-step isolation of peptide receptors using a peptide coupled to a (dA)30 oligonucleotide have been developed and applied to mass spectrometric studies of post-translational modifications of the endothelin B and bradykinin B2 receptors under in vivo conditions. Both receptors have been shown to undergo extensive phosphorylation as well as palmitoylation. The patterns of post-translational modifications are more complex than previously recognized and provide new indications of possible roles for these modifications in the regulation and response of these receptors.
Multicarrier reflectometry (2006)

A new reflectometry method called multicarrier reflectometry (MCR) for fault location in cables is proposed. MCR combines a weighted set of sinusoidal excitations into a signal that is sent down the wire. The reflected signal from the cable under test is analyzed in order to determine the length of the wire or possible location of a fault. In the frequency domain, the phase response of the reflected signal contains the desired information. This method provides a system with greater flexibility than conventional frequency domain reflectometry, better noise immunity than time domain reflectometry, and the ability to employ frequency agility to avoid certain interference bands. This method introduces an approach to the generation of test signals that allows more control over the bandwidth of the test signal. All the data analysis can be done in the digital domain after the reflected wave is sampled, thus enabling the use of more meticulous digital signal processing techniques. The major advantage of this method is the potential use in live cables carrying other signals such as power or data. The bandwidth over which the test signals are transmitted can be chosen specifically to avoid the bandwidth of the live wire signal.
Gigahertz Single-Electron Pumping Mediated by Parasitic States (2018)

In quantum metrology, semiconductor single-electron pumps are used to generate accurate electric currents with the ultimate goal of implementing the emerging quantum standard of the ampere. Pumps based on electrostatically defined tunable quantum dots (QDs) have thus far shown the most promising performance in combining fast and accurate charge transfer. However, at frequencies exceeding approximately 1 GHz the accuracy typically decreases. Recently, hybrid pumps based on QDs coupled to trap states have led to increased transfer rates due to tighter electrostatic confinement. Here, we operate a hybrid electron pump in silicon obtained by coupling a QD to multiple parasitic states and achieve robust current quantization up to a few gigahertz. We show that the fidelity of the electron capture depends on the sequence in which the parasitic states become available for loading, resulting in distinctive frequency-dependent features in the pumped current.
Novel Humanized Biosimulator to Predict Coronary Obstruction in High-Risk Valve-in-Valve Procedures (2022)

We developed humanized biosimulator to predict the risk of coronary obstruction among high-risk patients undergoing valve-in-valve (ViV) procedures. In this case, based on unchanged instantaneous wave-free ratio values measured during a ViV simulation session, the procedure was performed safely in the patient the day afterward, without coronary artery issues and with good hemodynamic results. (<b>Level of Difficulty: Advanced.</b>).
Poly(U)-directed transamidation between adenosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide and 5'-phosphoadenosine 2'(3')-glycine ester (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(U)-directed transamidation between adenosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide and 5'-phosphoadenosine 2'(3')-glycine esterJaewon L. Shim, Rolf Lohrmann, and Leslie E. OrgelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 16, 5283–5284Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00823a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00823a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the use of surrogate models in the analytical decompositions of refractive index gradients obtained through quasiconformal transformation optics (2016)

Recent advances in the field of transformation optics (TO) have renewed interest in gradient-index (GRIN) optical systems. By transforming a classically inspired aspherical lens to a flat geometry using TO, one can achieve a design with better field-of-view (FOV) performance than traditional radial GRIN lenses. In order to understand the underlying physics of this performance improvement, TO-derived solutions of various designs are decomposed into a 2D-polynomial basis to analyze their behavior and to determine which terms improve optical performance. A comprehensive study of this sort involves thousands of iterations of numerical TO and ray tracing. By training a surrogate model to approximate the TO calculation, the procedure can be greatly accelerated, dramatically reducing the time of this study from weeks to hours. The accuracy of the surrogate model approximation is verified against the original TO solution, and its usefulness in a system-by-design procedure is tested in a series of single- and multi-objective optimizations.
Variation of the Sterical Properties of the N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coligand in Thermally Triggerable Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Precatalysts/Initiators (2015)

A series of ruthenium complexes based on the κ2(C,N)-(2-(benzo[h]quinolin-10-yl)methylidene ruthenium dichloride fragment featuring different neutral coligands L (L = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SIPr), 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SIMes), 1,3-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SIXyl), and 1,3-bis(2-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (SITol)) was prepared, characterized, and tested in the thermally induced ring-opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene. In addition, the corresponding tricyclohexylphosphine derivative was investigated for comparison. All compounds were isolated as their trans-dichloro isomers. NMR spectroscopic features as well as structural features are, particularly within the NHC-bearing complexes, very similar, but their polymerization activity at elevated temperatures is distinctly different. While the SIMes derivative shows the desired properties, i.e., latency at room temperature and pronounced polymerization activity at elevated temperature, all other preinitiators do not. The preinitiator featuring the SIPr coligand is the most latent one, needing temperatures > 140 °C to show moderate activity in the polymerization of dicyclopentadiene. Compounds bearing the smaller N-heterocyclic carbene congeners are stable and latent at room temperature, but decompose upon heating, diminishing the polymerization activity at elevated temperatures. Density functional calculations show that the SIMes derivative is the easiest to activate and yields the most stable 14-electron intermediate. Finally calculations reveal a distinct influence of the nature of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand on the position of the equilibrium of cis- and trans-dichloro isomers of the complexes. While the SIPr and the SIMes derivatives prefer the cis-configuration, all other derivatives favor, at least in solvents with low dielectric constants, the trans-configuration. These computational findings were supported by the isolation and full characterization of the cis-dichloro isomer of the SIMes-bearing preinitiator obtained upon heating of its trans-isomer at 140 °C.
Influence of Thiol Self‐Assembled Monolayer Processing on Bottom‐Contact Thin‐Film Transistors Based on n‐Type Organic Semiconductors (2012)

Abstract The performance of bottom‐contact thin‐film transistor (TFT) structures lags behind that of top‐contact structures owing to the far greater contact resistance. The major sources of the contact resistance in bottom‐contact TFTs are believed to reflect a combination of non‐optimal semiconductor growth morphology on the metallic contact surface and the limited available charge injection area versus top‐contact geometries. As a part of an effort to understand the sources of high charge injection barriers in n‐channel TFTs, the influence of thiol metal contact treatment on the molecular‐level structures of such interfaces is investigated using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)‐treated SiO 2 gate dielectrics. The focus is on the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) contact surface treatment methods for bottom‐contact TFTs based on two archetypical n‐type semiconductors, α,ω‐diperfluorohexylquarterthiophene (DFH‐4T) and N , N ′bis(n‐octyl)‐dicyanoperylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (PDI‐8CN 2 ). TFT performance can be greatly enhanced, to the level of the top contact device performance in terms of mobility, on/off ratio, and contact resistance. To analyze the molecular‐level film structural changes arising from the contact surface treatment, surface morphologies are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The high‐resolution STM images show that the growth orientation of the semiconductor molecules at the gold/SAM/semiconductor interface preserves the molecular long axis orientation along the substrate normal. As a result, the film microstructure is well‐organized for charge transport in the interfacial region.
PowerCell Payload on Eu:CROPIS - Measuring Synthetic Biology in Space (2016)

NASA’s PowerCell payload, as part of the German Space Agency’s (DLR’s) Eu:CROPIS (Euglena Combined Regenerative Organic-food Production In Space) mission, will compare the effect of multiple simulated gravity regimes on basic processes required for synthetic biology in space including growth, protein production, and genetic transformation of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. In addition, it will pioneer the use of a cyanobacterially-produced feedstock for microbial growth in space, a concept we call “PowerCell.” The PowerCell experiment system will be integrated on the DLR's compact satellite as a secondary payload to be launched during the summer of 2017. In order to simulate the gravitational range of different celestial bodies, the satellite will establish an artificial gravity level in the 1.4% – 52% of terrestrial gravity range prior to conducting each set of biological experiments, with experimental results compared to ground controls. Experiments will be carried out in microfluidics cards with experimental progress measured through absorbance as detected by the LED-based optical system. Here we describe the ground studies that led to these experiments, along with a description of the experiment system hardware and its performance. The mission results will provide foundational data for the use and production of genetically engineered organisms for extraterrestrial missions.
Spectroscopy between parabolic states in hydrogen: Enhancement of the Stark-induced resonances in its photoionization (1985)

We present calculations of the photoionization spectrum of excited hydrogen using \ensuremath{\pi} polarization in the presence of a strong electric field as a function of the spherical (applicable to complex atoms) and parabolic quantum numbers of the excited state. We also present corresponding measurements of the photoionization yield from the individual parabolic states of n=2. Both the calculations and the measurements show an enhancement of the depth of the so-called ``Stark-induced modulation'' in the region E\ensuremath{\ge}0 when the initial excited state is a pure ${m}_{l}$=0 blue state, and disappear almost completely when the initial state is a pure ${m}_{l}$=0 red state. These results are understood using arguments based on the fact that the charge distribution of the Stark-induced states is tremendously extended up field. Because of the excellent signal to noise ratio of the enhanced modulations, we were able to measure the field dependence of the spacings with sufficient accuracy to confirm the (3/4) power law and rule out the recently suggested (2/3) power law.
An experimental study of shock wave/vortex interaction (1989)

The interaction of a supersonic streamwise vortices (of Mach number 2.2, 3.0, and 3.5) with a normal shock wave has been experimentally investigated, and is found to be highly unsteady. Five-hole pressure-probe and temperature measurements ahead of the interaction are used as initial conditions for an axisymmetric Navier-Stokes calculation. The numerical results supports the hypothesis that supersonic vortex breakdown is an important factor in the observed interaction flow pattern.
Distinguishing Infections on Different Graph Topologies (2013)

The history of infections and epidemics holds famous examples where understanding, containing and ultimately treating an outbreak began with understanding its mode of spread. Influenza, HIV and most computer viruses, spread person to person, device to device, through contact networks; Cholera, Cancer, and seasonal allergies, on the other hand, do not. In this paper we study two fundamental questions of detection: first, given a snapshot view of a (perhaps vanishingly small) fraction of those infected, under what conditions is an epidemic spreading via contact (e.g., Influenza), distinguishable from a "random illness" operating independently of any contact network (e.g., seasonal allergies); second, if we do have an epidemic, under what conditions is it possible to determine which network of interactions is the main cause of the spread -- the causative network -- without any knowledge of the epidemic, other than the identity of a minuscule subsample of infected nodes? The core, therefore, of this paper, is to obtain an understanding of the diagnostic power of network information. We derive sufficient conditions networks must satisfy for these problems to be identifiable, and produce efficient, highly scalable algorithms that solve these problems. We show that the identifiability condition we give is fairly mild, and in particular, is satisfied by two common graph topologies: the grid, and the Erdos-Renyi graphs.
Supplementary Data from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Tumor Profiler Consortium author list&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 1 from Exploiting Radiation-Induced Signaling to Increase the Susceptibility of Resistant Cancer Cells to Targeted Drugs: AKT and mTOR Inhibitors as an Example (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Oligonucleotides used for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing&lt;/p&gt;
Compact metamaterial high isolation MIMO antenna subsystem (2008)

The compact MIMO antenna subsystem is proposed in this paper by integrating the metamaterial antenna array and the metamaterial directional coupler. The coupling between the two closely coupled antenna elements can be significantly reduced, thus boosting the radiation efficiency. The low far-field envelope correlation will help providing independent channel in the MIMO application. These results demonstrate a great potential of using the proposed MIMO antenna subsystem to increase the system performance.
High accuracy 65nm OPC verification: full process window model vs. critical failure ORC (2005)

It is becoming more and more difficult to ensure robust patterning after OPC due to the continuous reduction of layout dimensions and diminishing process windows associated with each successive lithographic generation. Lithographers must guarantee high imaging fidelity throughout the entire range of normal process variations. The techniques of Mask Rule Checking (MRC) and Optical Rule Checking (ORC) have become mandatory tools for ensuring that OPC delivers robust patterning. However the first method relies on geometrical checks and the second one is based on a model built at best process conditions. Thus those techniques do not have the ability to address all potential printing errors throughout the process window (PW). To address this issue, a technique known as Critical Failure ORC (CFORC) was introduced that uses optical parameters from aerial image simulations. In CFORC, a numerical model is used to correlate these optical parameters with experimental data taken throughout the process window to predict printing errors. This method has proven its efficiency for detecting potential printing issues through the entire process window [1]. However this analytical method is based on optical parameters extracted via an optical model built at single process conditions. It is reasonable to expect that a verification method involving optical models built from several points throughout PW would provide more accurate predictions of printing errors for complex features. To verify this approach, compact optical models similar to those used for standard OPC were built and calibrated with experimental data measured at the PW limits. This model is then applied to various test patterns to predict potential printing errors. In this paper, a comparison between these two approaches is presented for the poly layer at 65 nm node patterning. Examples of specific failure predictions obtained separately with the two techniques are compared with experimental results. The details of implementing these two techniques on full product layouts are also included in this study.
Cost-Effective Thermally-Managed 1.55-$\mu{\rm m}$ VECSEL With Hybrid Mirror on Copper Substrate (2012)

An electroplated copper substrate was evaluated for heat dissipation in 1.55-μ.m optically pumped vertical extended cavity surface emitting lasers (OP-VECSELs). It is a cost-effective and flexible solution compared with the previously proposed chemical vapor deposition diamond substrate assembled by metallic bonding. Continuous-wave (CW) lasing operation was demonstrated from a device (with copper electroplated substrate) under optical pumping with pump spot diameter of 100 μm and a maximum output power of 260 mW at 0°C; heatsink temperature was achieved. Room-temperature CW operation with an output power of 75 mW and an external quantum efficiency of 35% was achieved in an optimized plane-concave cavity. The thermal resistance and the maximum output power of VECSEL chips assembled with bonded bulk copper and electroplated copper substrates were measured and compared. A value of ~50 K/W was estimated for both devices, and a similar rollover point was observed, which indicates that the electroplated copper solution leads to similar thermal properties as a bonded bulk copper substrate.
Polyimide matrix composites - Polyimidesulfone/LARC-TPI (1:1) blend (1989)

Polyimide matrix composites were fabricated from unidirectional unsized AS-4 carbon fiber and a doped 1:1 blend of two polyimides: benzophenone dianhydride-3,3'-diamino diphenylsulfone (PISO2) and benzophenone dianhydride-3,3'-diamino benzophenone (LARC-TPI). To enhance melt flow properties, the molecular weight of the PISO2 was controlled by end-capping with phthalic anhydride and addition of 5 percent by weight p-phenylene diamine-phthalic anhydride bisamic acid dopant. Prepreg was drum-wound using a diglyme slurry comprised of the soluble polyamideacid of PISO2, the soluble bisamideacid of the dopant, and the insoluble imidized LARC-TPI powder. Melt flow studies with a rotary rheometer and parallel plate plastometer on neat resin and prepreg helped develop an optimum cure cycle. Composite mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures, dry and moisture-saturated, were evaluated, including short beam shear strength and flexure, tensile, shear, and compression properties. Two 18 in. x 24 in. skin-stringer panels were fabricated, one of which was tested in compression to failure.
Unified approach for the explanation of stochastic and periodic moire´s (2003)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Enhanced charge carrier mobility and lifetime suppress hysteresis and improve efficiency in planar perovskite solar cells (2017)

Planar perovskite solar cells yield efficiency of over 20%.
In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Oligosaccharides and Beet Pulp by Feline Fecal Bacteria (2006)

The objective was to determine the prebiotic potential of three oligosaccharides (fructooligosaccharides [FOS], galactooligosaccharides [GOS], and lactosucrose) in supporting feline colon health. To achieve that, 240 serum bottles (125 mL each; 192 for the test substrates and 48 for blanks) were used in an in vitro fermentation experiment. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with treatments being arranged as a 4 × 8 factorial. The main factors were four substrates (beet pulp [a standard fiber source in premium feline diets], FOS, GOS, and lactosucrose) and eight incubation times (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 h). Three fecal inocula were prepared from three healthy cats and were used to inoculate the bottles with (0.3 g dry matter each) or without (blanks) substrates. Each bottle contained 27 mL of an anaerobic medium (Sunvold et al., J. Anim. Sci. 73:3639‐3648), was inoculated with 3 mL of the designated inoculum, and was incubated at 39 o C. Across incubation times, the extent of dry matter disappearance was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for the three oligosaccharides (averaging 97.5%) than for beet pulp (38.7%). Gas production and lactate concentrations were lowest (P &lt; 0.05) for beet pulp (36.3 mL and 3.7 μg/mL, respectively), intermediate (P &lt; 0.05) for FOS and GOS (averaging 73.5 mL and 32.8 μg/mL, respectively), and highest (P &lt; 0.05) for lactosucrose (83.5 mL and 52.8 μg/mL, respectively). Lactosucrose fermentation produced 14% more gas but 61% more lactate than that of the remaining oligosaccharides. Thus, the results suggest lactosucrose to have the highest potential to positively impact lactate‐producing bacteria in the feline colon as long as gas production is properly controlled.