gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A11yBoard: Making Digital Artboards Accessible to Blind and Low-Vision Users (2023)

Digital artboards, which hold objects rather than pixels (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides), remain largely inaccessible for blind and low-vision (BLV) users. Building on prior findings about the experiences of BLV users with digital artboards, we present a novel tool called A11yBoard, an interactive multimodal system that makes interpreting and authoring digital artboards accessible. A11yBoard combines a web-based drawing canvas paired with a mobile touch screen device such as a tablet. The mobile device displays the same canvas and enables risk-free spatial exploration of the artboard via touch and gesture. Speech recognition, non-speech audio, and keyboard-based commands are also used for input and output. Through a series of pilot studies and formal task-based user studies with BLV participants, we show that A11yBoard provides (1) intuitive spatial reasoning about two-dimensional objects, (2) multimodal access to objects’ properties and relationships, and (3) eyes-free creating and editing of objects to establish their desired properties and positions.
Simultaneous Transmit And Receive with a small planar array (2012)

A small three element linear planar array designed to have high isolation between elements for Simultaneous Transmit And Receive (STAR) is demonstrated. This high isolation is achieved through use of tunable resonators that control the near fields of the array without detrimentally affecting the radiated fields. These resonators, which are placed between the patch antenna elements of the array, provide a narrow-band tunable phase shift of the mutual coupling between adjacent elements. By transmitting on the outer two elements and controlling the phase of the coupling from these elements to the middle element, the sum of mutual coupling terms can be reduced by up to 51 dB.
8T SRAM with Mimicked Negative Bit-lines and Charge Limited Sequential sense amplifier for wireless sensor nodes (2011)

This design sets a record low energy consumption (average RD/WR) of 2.65pJ/access for a 64kbit embedded SRAM operating at 90MHz in 65nm LP CMOS. This low energy and variability resilient SRAM macro ensures write-ability with an innovative Mimicked Negative Bit-line technique. The novel low energy Charge Limited Sequential sense amplifier consumes 11.36fJ/decision and obtains σVoffset of 14.297mV without requiring calibration.
Hemoglobin–albumin cluster: physiological responses after exchange transfusion into rats and blood circulation persistence in dogs (2018)

A core-shell protein cluster comprising hemoglobin and human serum albumins, hemoglobin-albumin cluster (Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub>), was designed and synthesized for use as an artificial O<sub>2</sub> carrier and red blood cell (RBC) substitute. For initial preclinical safety evaluation of the Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub> solution, we observed blood compatibility in vitro, physiological responses after exchange transfusion into rats and blood circulation lifetime in dogs. Dilution of human whole blood with Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub> showed an appropriate decrease in blood cell number, proportional to the mixing volume ratio. Time courses in the circulation parameters and blood gas parameters after 20% exchange transfusion with Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub> in anesthetized rats were almost identical to those observed in a sham group (without infusion) and an HSA group (with HSA administration) for 6 h. Serum biochemical tests of the withdrawn blood indicated safety of the protein cluster. Furthermore, fluorescent Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub> was infused into beagle dogs to assess blood retention. Fluorescence measurements of the blood samples enabled us to ascertain the cluster half-life within the intravascular space. Histopathologic inspections of the vital organs imply no abnormality in tissues. All these results indicate sufficient initial preclinical safety of Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub> as an alternative material for use in RBC transfusion.
A CONCISE PREPARATION OF 2,6-DIMETHYL-4-NITROCHLOROBENZENE (1997)

(1997). A CONCISE PREPARATION OF 2,6-DIMETHYL-4-NITROCHLOROBENZENE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 128-131.
SDS-PAGE analysis of the purification of scFv-IC16 via Ni-NTA and Aβ1-16 GB1 NHS sepharose affinity chromatography. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;1 µl of the lysate and 15 µl of the purified fractions were applied to 16% polyacrylamide gels &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059820#pone.0059820-Laemmli1" target="_blank"&gt;[56]&lt;/a&gt;. Lane 1: cell lysate, lane 2: eluate after affinity chromatography via Ni NTA–Agarose, lane 3: eluate after Aβ1-16-GB1-NHS-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Target protein is more than 99% pure after final purification step.&lt;/p&gt;
Elemental and Molecular Characterization of Aged Polydimethylsiloxane Foams (2006)

The application and integration of micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam aging issues have been applied to cross-sectional images. Previous work has shown the tin in the stannous 2-ethylhexanoate catalyst to be highly mobile and it typically migrates to the PDMS foam upper surface. The current paper discusses a method for the integration of full spectral MXRF and FT-IR imaging of aged foams. Solvent extractions have also been performed on both fresh and aged foams to further examine aged foam properties. Combining elemental and molecular imaging techniques and applying them to PDMS aging provides synergistic information that aids in understanding the sample composition and distribution of components. Application of chemometric analysis to the full spectral elemental and molecular maps demonstrates correlations within the foams of the residual tin, organo-tin functional group moieties, and the presence of nitroplasticizer from an exogenous source.
The Aromatase Excess Syndrome Is Associated with Feminization of Both Sexes and Autosomal Dominant Transmission of Aberrant P450 Aromatase Gene Transcription (1998)

Increased extraglandular aromatization has been reported as the cause of familial gynecomastia.We studied a kindred with aromatase excess inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, in which affected males had heterosexual precocity and/or gynecomastia, and affected females had isosexual precocity and/or macromastia.The propositus was a 9-yr-old boy with gynecomastia.His 7.5-yr-old sister had precocious puberty, and their father and paternal grandmother had peripubertal gynecomastia and macromastia, respectively.Serum concentrations of gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones were determined before and after the administration of corticotropin and/or hCG.Aromatase activity was determined by [ 3 H]⌬ 4 -androstenedione to [ 3 H]estrone conversion by cultured skin fibroblasts and/or Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes and was detected by immunohistochemistry and/or Western analysis.Linkage was examined with a polymorphism of the aromatase (P450arom) gene.The P450arom messenger ribonucleic acid was analyzed by rapid amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) ends, ribonuclease protection assay, and RT-PCR.hCG testing demonstrated a high rate of conversion of ⌬ 4 -androstenedione to estrone and of testosterone to estradiol in the propositus and his father.Treatment of the propositus and his sister was initiated with an aromatase inhibitor (testolactone) and a GnRH analog, which successfully delayed skeletal and pubertal development in both children.Markedly increased aromatase activity was found in the patients' fibroblasts and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes.The P450arom polymorphism segregated with the disease in the family.A new 5Ј-splice variant was present in the patients' P450arom messenger ribonucleic acid, thus identifying yet another first exon of this gene, which appears to be aberrantly expressed in this family.In conclusion, a family with the aromatase excess syndrome is described, in which the condition was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, led to feminizing manifestations in both sexes, and was associated with the aberrant utilization of a novel transcript of the P450arom gene.(
Burkholderia pseudomallei: animal models of infection (2008)

A range of animal models of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection have been reported, and the host species differ widely both in their susceptibility to infection and in the pathogenesis of disease. In mice, and depending on the route of infection, dose, and mouse strain, the disease can range from a chronic, and in some cases, an apparently latent infection to an acute fulminant disease. Alternative small animal models of infection include diabetic rats or hamsters. Larger animal models of disease have not yet been fully developed. It is not clear which of the small animal models of melioidosis most accurately reflect disease in humans. However, the findings that diabetic rats are susceptible to infection, that some strains of mice can develop persistent subclinical infections that can spontaneously reactivate, and that inhalation exposure generally results in more acute disease suggest that these different models mimic different aspects of human melioidosis.
P-039 Low Hematocrit as a Risk Factor for Maintenance of Remission in Crohn’s Disease Patients Treated With Certolizumab Pegol (2014)

BackgroundAnemia is common in Crohn’s Disease (CD),1–3 and is one of the strongest predictors of loss of remission after discontinuing anti-TNF therapy4 and in short-term relapse in CD.5 We analyzed clinical and demographic characteristics, including hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, for their relationship with long-term remission in patients who were treated with certolizumab pegol (CZP) for moderate to severe CD.
Determination of optimal coring values from psychophysical experiments (2009)

The use of color electrophotographic (EP) laser printing systems is growing because of their declining cost. Thus, the print quality of color EP laser printers is more important than ever before. Since text and lines are indispensable to print quality, many studies have proposed methods for measuring these print quality attributes. Toner scatter caused by toner overdevelopment in color EP laser printers can significantly impact print quality. A conventional approach to reduce toner overdevelopment is to restrict the color gamut of printers. However, this can result in undesired color shifts and the introduction of halftone texture in light regions. Coring, defined as a process whereby the colorant level is reduced in the interior of text or characters, is a remedy for these shortcomings. The desired amount of reduction for coring depends on line width and overall nominal colorant level. In previous work, these amounts were chosen on the basis of data on the perception of edge blur that was published over 25 years ago.
CdTe solar cells with a PCBM back contact (2014)

PCBM is evaluated as a primary contact to CdTe due to its high valence band energy. PCBM films were characterized in terms of morphology, area coverage, thickness, electrical and optical properties, and used as a back contact for CdTe solar cells. PCBM solutions were developed by mixing PCBM with chloroform (CFM) and ethylenediamine (EDA) and deposited via spin coating. The performance of devices with PCBM:CFM and PCBM:EDA back contacts are compared to those with baseline CdTe devices with a Cu2Te/Ni contact. For PCBM cells, the back contact properties were varied with subsequent anneals of 60 °C, 180 °C, and 240 °C. The device performance however was low as J-V results reveal a blocking contact.
Surface orientation dependence of ion bombardment damage during plasma processing (2015)

Geometrical transition to three dimensional (3D) or Si nanowire (SNW) MOSFETs imposes critical issues regarding process technologies. High energy ion bombardment damage in 3D MOSFETs has been considered inevitable because of the fundamental nature of plasma process. In this study, we further investigated plasma-induced physical damage (PPD) on Si substrates with different surface orientations — (100), (111), and (110) to emulate PPD of future 3D and SNW devices. A classical molecular dynamics simulation implies that the channeling of incident ions is expected in a substrate with the (110) plane. However, spectroscopic ellipsometry identified thinner damaged layers in the case of (110) plane for higher ion energies (> 500 eV) and the pseudo-extinction coefficient k was smaller for the (110) plane. A capacitance-voltage measurement confirmed that the damaged layer consisted of SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . Thus, the same Si loss leading to Si recess that degrades device performance is presumable on both of the planes. The present findings provide key guidelines for designing future SNW devices exposed to plasma.
Design and Assessment of a Microfluidic Network System for Oxygen Transport in Engineered Tissue (2012)

Oxygen and nutrients cannot be delivered to cells residing in the interior of large-volume scaffolds via diffusion alone. Several efforts have been made to meet the metabolic needs of cells in a scaffold by constructing mass transport channels, particularly in the form of bifurcated networks. In contrast to progress in fabrication technologies, however, an approach to designing an optimal network based on experimental evaluation has not been actively reported. The main objective of this study was to establish a procedure for designing an effective microfluidic network system for a cell-seeded scaffold and to develop an experimental model to evaluate the design. We proposed a process to design a microfluidic network by combining an oxygen transport simulation with biomimetic principles governing biological vascular trees. The simulation was performed with the effective diffusion coefficient (D(e,s)), which was experimentally measured in our previous study. Porous scaffolds containing an embedded microfluidic network were fabricated using the lost mold shape-forming process and salt leaching method. The reliability of the procedure was demonstrated by experiments using the scaffolds. This approach established a practical basis for designing an effective microfluidic network in a cell-seeded scaffold.
Light Emission from Silicon: Progress Towards Si-Based Optoelectronics (1999)

Chapter headings and selected papers: Preface. Invited Papers. Radiative processes in bulk crystalline silicon (G. Davies). Different Er centres in Si and their use for electroluminescent devices (W. Jantsch et al.). Field-induced functions of porous Si as a confined system (N. Koshida et al.). Porous Silicon. Strongly nonlinear luminescence in oxidized porous silicon films (H. Koyama et al.). Laser assisted chemical vapour deposition of silicon oxide layers (P. Paiva et al.). Application of stain-etched porous silicon in light emitting diodes and solar cells (D. Dimova-Malinovska). Silicon and Germanium Nanocrystals. Size dependent photoluminescence from Si nanoclusters produced by laser ablation (L. Patrone et al.). Light emitting diode structure based on Si nanocrystals formed by implantation into thermal oxide (N. Lalic, J. Linnros). Rare Earth in Silicon and Related Materials. EPR study of erbium-impurity complexes in silicon (J.D. Carey et al.). Er-doped edge emitting devices with a SiGe waveguide (C.-X. Du et al.). Erbium in silicon-germanium quantum wells (A.T. Naveed et al.). Si-based Alloys, Multilayers and Hydrogenated a-Si. XPS investigation of a-Si: H thin films after light soaking (A. Toneva et al.). Light Emitting Silicides. Electronic and optical properties of semiconducting iron disilicide (A.B. Filonov et al.). SiGe Structures and Ge Islands. Room-temperature SiGe light-emitting diodes (L. Vescan, T. Stoica). Other Light Emitting Structures. Black-body emission from nanostructured materials (P. Roura et al.). List of contributors. Subject index. Material index.
Is the Lateral Transpsoas Approach Feasible for the Treatment of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis? (2013)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Structural Insights into Catalytic Versatility of the Flavin-dependent Hydroxylase (HpaB) from Escherichia coli (2019)

4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (EcHpaB) from Escherichia coli is capable of efficient ortho-hydroxylation of a wide range of phenolic compounds and demonstrates great potential for broad chemoenzymatic applications. To understand the structural and mechanistic basis of its catalytic versatility, we elucidated the crystal structure of EcHpaB by X-ray crystallography, which revealed a unique loop structure covering the active site. We further performed mutagenesis studies of this loop to probe its role in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. Our results not only showed the loop has great plasticity and strong tolerance towards extensive mutagenesis, but also suggested a flexible loop that enables the entrance and stable binding of substrates into the active site is the key factor to the enzyme catalytic versatility. These findings lay the groundwork for editing the loop sequence and structure for generation of EcHpaB mutants with improved performance for broader laboratory and industrial use.
Mitigation of Interference Mitigation in RoF-Based Linear Cell Radar System (2019)

We describe novel schemes for detection and mitigation of interference in linear cell radar consisting of many remote antenna units connected by optical fibers.
Arterial blood pressure variability before and after chronic pacing induced heart failure in conscious dogs (2008)

To examine the effects of heart failure on beat-to beat arterial blood pressure (ABP) variability, four adult mongrel dogs (20-25 kg) were chronically instrumented for ventricular pacing and continuous measurements of central ABP and cardiac output (CO). Five minutes recordings with the dogs conscious and at rest took place after recovery from surgery (control) and after a 30 days long period of pacing at 240 bpm (heart failure). Autoregressive spectral analysis of the beat-to-beat ABP fluctuations was performed and paired t-test revealed that ABP total, low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power all significantly decreased following chronic pacing induced heart failure. No significant difference was found in the contribution of CO to ABP variability. Our results suggest that heart failure induces changes in autonomic reflexes and hemodynamics that dampen the mechanisms responsible for generating ABP variability.
Water-Vapor Detection Using Asynchronous THz Sampling (2006)

The use of a fiber-coupled terahertz (THz) transmitter/receiver pair for spectroscopic detection of water vapor is investigated. Transmission signals of an alumina cylinder demonstrate that the measurement approach can be applied in a windowless ceramic combustor. First, a conventional commercial transmitter/receiver pair is used to make measurements for frequencies to 1.25 THz. Water-vapor absorption is clearly evident within the alumina transparency window and is readily modeled using existing databases. A variety of data-acquisition schemes is possible using THz instrumentation. To assess signal-collection techniques, a prototype THz transmitter/receiver pair is then used with the asynchronous optical-sampling (ASOPS) technique to obtain asynchronous THz-sampling signals to 1 THz without the need for an optomechanical delay line. Two mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers operating at slightly different repetition rates are used for pumping the transmitter and receiver independently to permit a complete time-domain THz signal to be recorded. The resulting repetitive phase walkout is demonstrated by collecting power spectra of room air that exhibit water-vapor absorption.
Design and Synthesis of Photoactive Polymer Systems Based on Amine-Catalyzed Intramolecular Imidization of Polymer Side Chains (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and Synthesis of Photoactive Polymer Systems Based on Amine-Catalyzed Intramolecular Imidization of Polymer Side ChainsMan-kit Leung, Jean M. J. Frechet, James F. Cameron, and C. Grant WillsonCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 13, 4693–4700Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00117a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00117a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of Contained Tissue Extraction for Minimizing Tissue Dissemination During Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Myomectomy [66] (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Tissue dissemination during uncontained laparoscopic electromechanical morcellation has raised safety concerns. This study sought to assess whether contained tissue extraction using electromechanical morcellators entirely within a bag is a safe, practical technique for preventing tissue spillage. METHODS: Patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy or myomectomy at four hospitals were included. After surgical dissection, specimens to be extracted were placed into a containment bag with blue dye. The bag was insufflated intracorporeally, and electromechanical morcellation and extraction of tissue was performed. The containment system's integrity was evaluated visually for leakage of dye or tears in the bag. RESULTS: A total of 76 participants were included in the analysis (42 hysterectomy, 34 myomectomy). The average age was 43.16 years (±8.53), with an average body mass index (calculated as weight (kg)/[height (m)]2) of 26.47 (±5.93). Thirty-three patients had a history of abdominal surgery. All cases employed a laparoscopic or robotic multiport technique. Morcellation took an average time of 30.2 minutes (±22.4). In one case, there was a tear before morcellation but no bag tears occurred during morcellation process. Spillage of dye or tissue was noted in seven cases, although containment bags were intact in each of these instances. There was one intraoperative complication with an estimated blood loss of 3600 mL and conversion to open radical hysterectomy. The median estimated blood loss was 50 mL (range 0–3600). The most common pathology finding was benign leiomyomas. CONCLUSION: Contained tissue extraction using electromechanical morcellation and intracorporeally insufflated bags may provide a safe alternative to uncontained morcellation by decreasing the spread of tissue in the peritoneal cavity while allowing for the traditional benefits of laparoscopy.