gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling algorithms for shared fiber-delay-line optical packet Switches-part I: the single-stage case (2005)

In all-optical packet switching, packets may arrive at an optical switch in an uncoordinated fashion. When contention occurs, fiber delay lines (FDLs) are needed to delay (buffer) the packets that have lost the contention to some future time slots for the desired output ports. There have been several optical-buffered switch architectures and FDL assignment algorithms proposed in the literature. However, most of them either have high implementation complexity or fail to schedule in advance departure time for the delayed packets. This paper studies the packet scheduling algorithms for the single-stage shared-FDL optical packet switch. Three new FDL assignment algorithms are proposed, namely sequential FDL assignment (SEFA), multicell FDL assignment (MUFA), and parallel iterative FDL assignment (PIFA) algorithms for the switch. The proposed algorithms can make FDLs and output-port reservation so as to schedule departure time for packets. Owing to FDL and/or output-port conflicts, the packets that fail to be scheduled are discarded before entering the switch so that they do not occupy any FDL resources. It is shown by simulation that with these algorithms, the optical-buffered switch can achieve a loss rate of /spl sim/10/sup -7/ even at the load of 0.9. These algorithms are extended to the three-stage Clos-Network optical packet switches in the companion paper.
Activity Tuning of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Anchored on N‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Potential Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst by Zn Substitution in the Spinel Matrix (2017)

Abstract Development of highly efficient and durable ORR catalysts by using non‐platinum group metals (such as Co, Fe, Mn, and Zn) is a challenging task in the forward path towards the realization of low‐cost energy devices in the commercial stream. The present work deals with an effective strategy wherein an efficient Pt‐free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is prepared by stoichiometrically substituting some fraction of Fe with Zn in cobalt ferrite and anchoring these spinel nanoparticles on nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO). Zn substitution is found to be significantly altering the ratio of Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ in the cobalt ferrite nanocrystal system with a concomitant promotional influence on its electrocatalytic activity towards ORR. The nanoparticle composition with a Co, Fe and Zn molar ratio of 1.0:1.7:0.3, represented by the formula CoFe 1.7 Zn 0.3 O 4 (CFZn(0.3)), supported over N‐rGO has shown 10 mV and 20 mV positive shift in the onset and half‐wave potentials, respectively, for ORR in 0.1 M KOH in comparison to the nanoparticles of CoFe 2 O 4 supported over N‐rGO (CF/N‐rGO). The optimum Zn substitution is found to be narrowing down the difference with the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C for ORR by 100 and 110 mV in terms of the onset and half‐wave potentials, respectively. Most significantly, the homemade catalyst is found to be clearly outperforming the Pt catalyst in terms of the limiting current density and electrochemical durability.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Nuclear Size, Shape and Displacement in Clover Root Cap Statocytes from Space and a Clinostat (1997)

Under normal (l-g) conditions the statocytes of root caps have a characteristic polarity with the nucleus in tight association with the proximal cell wall; but, in altered gravity environments including microgravity (mu-g) and the clinostat (c-g) movement of the nucleus away from the proximal cell wall is not uncommon. To further understand the cause of gravity-dependent nuclear displacement in statocytes, three-dimensional cell reconstruction techniques were used to precisely measure the volumes, shapes, and positions of nuclei in white clover (Trifolium repens) flown in space and rotated on a clinostat. Seeds were germinated and grown for 72 hours aboard the Space Shuttle (STS-63) in the Fluid Processing Apparatus (BioServe Space Technologies, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder). Clinorotation experiments were performed on a two-axis clinostat (BioServe). Computer reconstruction of selected groups of statocytes were made from serial sections (0.5 microns thick) using the ROSS (Reconstruction Of Serial Sections) software package (Biocomputation Center, NASA Ames Research Center). Nuclei were significantly displaced from the tops of cells in mu-g (4.2 +/- 1.0 microns) and c-g (4.9 +/- 1.4 microns) when compared to l-g controls (3.4 +/- 0.8 gm); but, nuclear volume (113 +/- 36 cu microns, 127 +/- 32 cu microns and 125 +/- 28 cu microns for l-g, mu-g and c-g respectively) and the ratio of nuclear volume to cell volume (4.310.7%, 4.211.0% and 4.911.4% respectively) were not significantly dependent on gravity treatment (ANOVA; alpha = 0.05). Three-dimensional analysis of nuclear shape and proximity to the cell wall, however, showed that nuclei from l-g controls appeared ellipsoidal while those from space and the clinostat were more spherically shaped. This change in nuclear shape may be responsible for its displacement under altered gravity conditions. Since the cytoskeleton is known to affect nuclear polarity in root cap statocytes, those same cytoskeletal elements could also control nuclear shape. This alteration in nuclear shape and position in mu-g and c-g when compared to l-g may lead to functional differences in the gravity signaling systems of plants subjected to altered gravity environments.
Syntheses and remarkable photophysical properties of 5-(2-pyridyl) pyrazolate boron complexes; photoinduced electron transferElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Photophysical experimental details, the spectral data of all boron complexes, and crystal data of 2a. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b309374c/ (2003)

A new series of pyridyl pyrazolate boron complexes 2a-e have been synthesized, in which 2a-c exhibit remarkable dual fluorescence properties due to the photoinduced electron transfer reaction.
Development of Less Expensive Process Technologies for Three-Dimensional Chip Stacking with Through-Vias (2004)

Three-dimensional chip stacking with through-vias is a very promising technology in semiconductor system development. A major problem of this technology is the cost. We analyzed the costs of the fabrication process and identified the three processes of Cu plating, Cu-CMP, and back surface bumps as the high-cost processes. To address these problems, we studied the processes and the stacking structure to improve the productivity. The plating time for Cu plating was reduced by up to 1 hour by optimizing the plating fluid composition and the oxygen bubbling of the plating fluid. In Cu-CMP, 9-µm-thick Cu was polished for 8.7 minutes by using high-speed polishing slurry and the softlanding process. We evaluated a structure where the back surface bumps were removed, and the front surface Cu bumps were directly connected by Cu through-vias and Sn-Ag. We verified the reliability for up to 1000 temperature cycles of this structure which uses a low thermal expansion resin as the adhesive in two-step sealing. From these results, a substantial reduction in the cost of the three-dimensional chip stacking with through-vias has become possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(7): 50–60, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20150
On capacity of deterministic wireless networks under node half-duplexity constraint (2009)

In this paper we study the maximum throughput of a single multicast session in wireless networks under a practical constraint that the nodes are half-duplex, i.e. they cannot transmit and receive at the same time. We adapt ¿deterministic channel model¿ proposed recently in for modeling wireless channel interference. The problem of finding the throughput capacity of a single multicast session has been studied analytically based on this channel model in; a cutset bound found and its achievability is proven under the assumption that the wireless nodes are full-duplex. Here, we derive a new cutset bound on the maximum multicast throughput of half-duplex networks and propose a network coding scheme to achieve the cutset bound.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Biodegradable Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly[(R)-3-hydroxy butyrate]-b-poly(ethylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers (2003)

New biodegradable amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the hydrophilic block and poly[(R)-3-hydroxy butyrate] (PHB) as the hydrophobic block were synthesized by coupling two chains of methoxy-PEO-monocarboxylic acid with a low molecular weight telechelic hydroxylated PHB (PHB-diol) chain in the middle. The PHB-diol was prepared from high molecular weight natural source PHB by transesterification reaction with diethylene glycol. The target triblock copolymers were isolated and purified from the reaction mixtures through repeated precipitation and fractionation. The structures and molecular characteristics of the PEO−PHB−PEO triblock copolymers were studied by GPC, 1H NMR, and FT-IR. All of the triblock copolymers had unimodal peaks in the GPC chromatographs. The chain architecture of the triblock copolymers was confirmed by the 1H NMR spectra. A combination of GPC and 1H NMR analysis determined the lengths of the PEO and PHB blocks of the copolymers. The thermal properties, phase separation, and crystalline characteristics of the copolymers were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). TGA analysis showed that the triblock copolymers undergo thermal degradation in two separate steps for the PHB and PEO blocks, from which the PHB contents were calculated and compared with those determined from GPC and 1H NMR. The TGA results also showed that the triblock copolymers have better thermal stability than their respective precursors. Both DSC and XRD analysis showed that separate crystalline phases are formed by PEO and PHB blocks in the copolymers, except for those with a very short PHB block length. The crystallinity of PHB block in the copolymers increases as compared with the pure PHB precursor, presumably because of the presence of the soft PEO block. In contrast, the crystallinity of the PEO block in the copolymers decreases as compared with the PEO precursor because of the presence of the hard PHB block, which restricts the crystallization of the PEO blocks.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor—An Innovative Indicator for Free Flap Ischemia after Microsurgical Reconstruction (2021)

(1) Background: Nowadays, the use of microsurgical free flaps is a standard operative procedure in reconstructive surgery. Still, thrombosis of the microanastomosis is one of the most fatal postoperative complications. Clinical evaluation, different technical devices and laboratory markers are used to monitor critical flap perfusion. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a structurally unique cytokine with chemokine-like characteristics, could play a role in predicting vascular problems and the failure of flap perfusion. (2) Methods: In this prospective observational study, 26 subjects that underwent microsurgical reconstruction were observed. Besides clinical data, the number of blood leukocytes, CRP and MIF were monitored. (3) Results: Blood levels of MIF, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes increased directly after surgery. Subjects that needed surgical revision due to thrombosis of the microanastomosis showed significantly higher blood levels of MIF than subjects without revision. (4) Conclusion: We conclude that MIF is a potential and innovative indicator for thrombosis of the microanastomosis after free flap surgery. Since it is easy to obtain diagnostically, MIF could be an additional tool to monitor flap perfusion besides clinical and technical assessments.
Glycolipid antigens with blood group I and i specificities from human adult and umbilical cord erythrocytes. (1984)

Neutral glycolipids and gangliosides of umbilical cord and adult human erythrocytes were separated by high performance liquid chromatography, and each fraction was analyzed by direct binding of anti-I (Ma) and anti-i (Den) on solid phase glycolipid-lecithin-cholesterol. The I- and i-active glycolipids were isolated and their structures were determined by methylation analysis and direct probe mass spectrometry. The major I antigen in adult erythrocytes, showing a remarkable binding activity with anti-I(Ma), was found in one neutral glycolipid fraction, designated fraction y4, which was identified as a mixture of two glycolipids of a new type, lactoisooctaosylceramide and monofucosyllactoisooctaosylceramide (for structures, see Table I). In addition, two gangliosides displaying direct binding activity with anti-I(Ma) were identified as monosialoganglioside G8, as previously described and disialosyllactoisooctaosylceramide, which showed the same level of I activity as the y4 glycolipid. The same ganglioside was recently isolated and characterized by Kundu and co-workers. The major i-active glycolipid antigen in umbilical cord erythrocytes, showing a strong binding activity with anti-i(Den), was a neutral glycolipid, x4a, which was identified as lactonorhexaosylceramide. This glycolipid without fucosyl or sialosyl substitution has not been isolated previously and was present as an obvious normal component of umbilical cord erythrocytes, but an extremely minor component of adult erythrocytes. Sialosyllactonorhexaosylceramide (G6) was isolated and characterized as a second i antigen of umbilical cord erythrocytes, but showed a very weak binding activity with the anti-i antibody. Although these sialosyl derivatives displayed only weak activity, the chemical quantity of the sialosyl derivatives is significantly large in fetal erythrocytes; therefore, Ii activity of human erythrocytes, in general, must be significantly dependent on sialosyl derivatives in addition to unsubstituted structures.
A Concise Synthesis of (+)-SCH 351448 (2005)

[structure: see text] We describe a highly convergent synthetic approach to the natural product (+)-SCH 351448 (1)-a hexane-soluble heptacoordinate monosodium salt of a C(2)-symmetrical macrocyclic dilactone. Our approach implements a photochemical acylation as the key step to combine two nearly identical but orthogonal C1-C29 fragments, followed by a base-induced intramolecular acylation and deprotection to yield the natural product.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of COVID-19 Severity and Progression to Critical Illness Using CT Imaging and Clinical Data (2021)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a machine learning (ML) pipeline based on radiomics to predict Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and the future deterioration to critical illness using CT and clinical variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 981 patients from a multi-institutional international cohort with real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19. Radiomics features were extracted from chest CT of the patients. The data of the cohort were randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets using a 7:1:2 ratio. A ML pipeline consisting of a model to predict severity and time-to-event model to predict progression to critical illness were trained on radiomics features and clinical variables. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC), concordance index (C-index), and time-dependent ROC-AUC were calculated to determine model performance, which was compared with consensus CT severity scores obtained by visual interpretation by radiologists. RESULTS: Among 981 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 274 patients developed critical illness. Radiomics features and clinical variables resulted in the best performance for the prediction of disease severity with a highest test ROC-AUC of 0.76 compared with 0.70 (0.76 vs. 0.70, p = 0.023) for visual CT severity score and clinical variables. The progression prediction model achieved a test C-index of 0.868 when it was based on the combination of CT radiomics and clinical variables compared with 0.767 when based on CT radiomics features alone (p < 0.001), 0.847 when based on clinical variables alone (p = 0.110), and 0.860 when based on the combination of visual CT severity scores and clinical variables (p = 0.549). Furthermore, the model based on the combination of CT radiomics and clinical variables achieved time-dependent ROC-AUCs of 0.897, 0.933, and 0.927 for the prediction of progression risks at 3, 5 and 7 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT radiomics features combined with clinical variables were predictive of COVID-19 severity and progression to critical illness with fairly high accuracy.
Condensations of 4-methyl-4-dichloromethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensations of 4-methyl-4-dichloromethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienoneErnest Wenkert, Fortuna Haviv, and Adela ZeitlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 9, 2299–2307Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01037a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01037a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Performance n-Channel Carbonyl-Functionalized Quaterthiophene Semiconductors:  Thin-Film Transistor Response and Majority Carrier Type Inversion via Simple Chemical Protection/Deprotection (2007)

The generalizable synthesis, comparative molecular physicochemical properties, film microstructures/morphologies, and field-effect transistor (FET) response characteristics of a series of six carbonyl-derivatized quaterthiophenes is described. These compounds are as follows: 5, 5‘ ‘‘-diheptanoyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘:5‘ ‘,2‘ ‘‘-quaterthiophene (1), spiro[4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b‘]dithiophene-4,2‘-[1,3] dioxolane], 2,6-bis-(5-hexyl carbonylthien-2-yl) (2), 2,7-[bis-(5-hexylcarbonylthien-2-yl)]-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b‘]-dithiophen-4-one (3), 5, 5‘ ‘‘-diperfluorohexylcarbonyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘:5‘ ‘,2‘ ‘‘-quaterthiophene (4), spiro[4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b‘]dithiophene-4,2‘- [1,3]dioxolane], 2,6-bis-(5-perfluorohexylcarbonylthien-2-yl) (5), and 2,7-[bis-(5-perfluorohexylcarbonylthien-2-yl)]-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b‘]-dithiophen-4-one (6). Optical and electrochemical data demonstrate that terminal/central carbonyl-functionalization of the quaterthiophene core strongly lowers both HOMO and LUMO energies. However, the extent of LUMO lowering is far greater than HOMO lowering with the outcome that the carbonyl-containing quaterthiophenes exhibit lower energy gaps than the corresponding parent systems. This greater LUMO stabilization is confirmed by electrochemical data and fully explained by DFT computations. OTFT measurements show that all of the six semiconductors are FET-active, and very large n-type (up to 0.32 cm2/Vs), p-type (up to 0.04 cm2/Vs), and ambipolar (up to 0.12 cm2/Vs for electrons, 0.008 cm2/Vs for holes) mobilites are observed depending on the exact quaterthiophene backbone architecture. A simple Schottky injection barrier model in combination with molecular packing and thin-film molecular orientation/morphology characteristics of 1−6 explain the observed OFET performance trends. Finally, FET majority charge carrier inversion (p-type → n-type) via in situ chemical deprotection of the central carbonyl functionality (5 and 6) is demonstrated for the first time and is attractive for sensor functions as well as for patterning complementary circuits. The latter is demonstrated in a simple contact patterning process.
Clinically tolerated NMDA receptor antagonists and newly cloned NMDA receptor subunits that mimic them (2002)

In recent years, excitotoxic (glutamate-related) and free radical-mediated injury/cell death of neurons has been recognized as an important final common pathway in a variety of neurological diseases, ranging from acute ischemic stroke and trauma, to chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Many laboratories, including our own, have shown that neuronal cell death in these maladies is all due at least in part to the excitotoxic and free radical nature of the insult. We have further demonstrated that fulminant insults with glutamate and free radicals lead to severe energy depletion with resultant loss of ionic homeostasis. This produces swelling and cell lysis or necrosis. Conversely, more mild insults produce only transient energy loss and result in neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, the existence of a final common pathway for neuronal damage means that a similar therapeutic approach may possibly be effective for each of these varied insults.
Hyperviscosity-Related Retinopathy in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (2006)

Retinal manifestations of hyperviscosity syndrome occur at lower serum IgM and SV levels than previously reported. Indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression along with retinal vessel diameter measurements are able to detect the earliest hyperviscosity syndrome-related complications and should be considered in the treatment of patients with WM.
Thick phase hologram for optical clock distribution application on wafer scale integrated circuits (1990)

We propose the first monolithic optical clock distribution network on wafer scale integrated circuits (WSIC) . This new architecture can save real estate on VLSI chips and eliminate the packaging, alignment and interface problems of previously proposed architectures. A l-to-3 optical fan out for clock signal distribution application is demonstrated by utilizing a DCC multiplexed volume hologram on a thin quartz plate.
Correction: Passive DNA demethylation preferentially up-regulates pluripotency-related genes and facilitates the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (2022)

The authors conclude that they inadvertently provided wrong sh-p53 and sh-p53+sh-Dnmt1 images in Figure 5M during the manuscript revision. The amended Figure 5M below shows the correct images. The corrections do not affect the results and conclusions of the article. The authors apologize for the mistake.
Reconfigurable microwave photonics radars (2016)

We present a conceptual microwave photonics radar architecture with programmable central-frequency and tailorable bandwidth. It is a coherent system. Generation of linearly chirped waveforms and Reception of theirs echoes are implemented via the same mode-locked laser. Photonic time-stretch sampling is used to alleviate electronic processing.