gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared Photodetector with Copper Resonator in Silicon Nanohole Array (2019)

Silicon-based infrared photodetector assisted by plasmonic structures have been attracting interest of research, whereas their responsivities remained low. We present in this paper an infrared photodetector with arrayed nanoholes. This device was designed to show better responsivity to backside illumination. In each nanohole on the n-type silicon substrate is a copper nano-plate which induces localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and is electrically connected to outer circuit. We verified the contributions of backside illumination and LSPR towards better responsivity respectively. With its easy fabrication and LSPR being compatible with vertical incidence of light, the nanohole detector with backside illumination is a prospective approach for silicon-based infrared imaging elements.
Inducing ontological co-occurrence vectors (2005)

In this paper, we present an unsupervised methodology for propagating lexical cooccurrence vectors into an ontology such as WordNet. We evaluate the framework on the task of automatically attaching new concepts into the ontology. Experimental results show 73.9% attachment accuracy in the first position and 81.3% accuracy in the top-5 positions. This framework could potentially serve as a foundation for ontologizing lexical-semantic resources and assist the development of other largescale and internally consistent collections of semantic information.
Silicon photonic read-only memory (2006)

In this paper, a CMOS-compatible in-plane micrometer-size optically readable nonvolatile-memory device is proposed and analyzed. It consists of an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) integrated on a high-index-contrast silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguide. Our calculations indicate that variations on the order of 10/sup -4/ of the waveguide effective refractive index can be achieved for the typical values of stored charge (on the order of 10/sup 12/ q/sub e//cm/sup 2/) on a floating gate. A microring resonator, based on such waveguide, efficiently converts the calculated index variations into strong intensity variations. This photonic structure can be used to create nonvolatile optically readable memory states in a photonic device [photonic EEPROM (PEEPROM)] with an ultrafast read time. A microring-resonator intensity-modulator PEEPROM is predicted to exhibit a modulation depth of 91% (10.4 dB) between the uncharged and charged (3.75/spl times/10/sup 12/ q/sub e//cm/sup 2/) states. The read time of the device is only 9 ps, which is at least two orders of magnitude shorter than that of a standard two-transistor electrically readable EEPROM.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl 6′‐Deoxy‐ and 6′‐Thiolactosaminides and Their Inhibitor Activity Toward CMP‐NeuNAc:D‐Galactoside‐(2→6)‐α ‐D‐sialyltransferase. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Telescoped continuous flow generation of a library of highly substituted 3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles (2017)

An integrated continuous flow process for the synthesis of 3-thio-1,2,4-triazoles is reported. A small library of 18 compounds was prepared in just 48 minutes of residence time in moderate to excellent yields.
Canine Serology as Adjunct to Human Lyme Disease Surveillance (2011)

Abstract To better define areas of human Lyme disease risk, we compared US surveillance data with published data on the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies among domestic dogs. Canine seroprevalence >5% was a sensitive but nonspecific marker of human risk, whereas seroprevalence <1% was associated with minimal risk for human infection.
Elevated glucose and oligomeric β-amyloid disrupt synapses via a common pathway of aberrant protein S-nitrosylation (2016)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increase risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The molecular mechanism for this association remains poorly defined. Here we report in human and rodent tissues that elevated glucose, as found in MetS/T2DM, and oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, thought to be a key mediator of AD, coordinately increase neuronal Ca(2+) and nitric oxide (NO) in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner. The increase in NO results in S-nitrosylation of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), thus inhibiting insulin and Aβ catabolism as well as hyperactivating mitochondrial fission machinery. Consequent elevation in Aβ levels and compromise in mitochondrial bioenergetics result in dysfunctional synaptic plasticity and synapse loss in cortical and hippocampal neurons. The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine attenuates these effects. Our studies show that redox-mediated posttranslational modification of brain proteins link Aβ and hyperglycaemia to cognitive dysfunction in MetS/T2DM and AD.
Rotation & Torsion of the Leg in Osteoarthritis of the Knee (1977)

We studied on the rotation and tibial torsion of the leg in both normal and osteoarthritis of the knees using the horizontal cross rotatory tomography.Method: With the knee full extended, tomographs were taken at following three levels and measured, calculated for t-test of two independent means. (P=0.05)1 femoral condyles 2 tibial condyles just below the articular surface 3 malleoli Results: 1 External rotation of the leg at knee joint increases in osteoarthritis com pared with normal knees.2 The mean angle of the tibial torsion in osteoarthritis is not different statistically significantly from normal knees.3 In operation, it is important not only to correct varus deformity but also excessive external rotation.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexaaza Macrocyclic Complexes of the Lanthanides. (1986)

Abstract The Schiff base condensation of 1,2‐diaminoethane and 2,6‐diacetylpyridine in the presence of a lanthanide acetate produces the complexes (I) with excellent yields, where L is the macrocycle and n varies between 3 and 6 depending on the metal and the ambient conditions.
Engineering Ethics When Lives Are on the Line: When Does Bad Engineering Become Bad Ethics? (2019)

Numerous engineering projects create products and services that are important to society; many have explicit safety implications; some are distinguished by explicitly supporting national security. Failures and deficiencies that might be considered “routine” in some settings can in these cases directly cause injuries and lost lives, in addition to harming national security. In such a setting, decisions regarding quality, testing, reliability, and other “engineering” matters can become ethical decisions, where balancing cost and delivery schedule, for example, against marginal risks and qualities is not a sufficient basis for a decision. When operating in the context of an engineering project with such important societal implications, established engineering processes must therefore be supplemented with additional considerations and decision factors. In this chapter, long-time defense contractor executive and US National Academy of Engineering member Neil Siegel discusses specific examples of ways in which these ethical considerations manifest themselves. The chapter starts with his thesis, asserting that bad engineering risks transitioning into bad ethics under certain circumstances, which are described in the chapter. It then uses a story from the NASA manned space program to illustrate the thesis; unlike some stories, this one has a “happy ending.” The author then moves to the main aspects of the chapter, starting by explaining the behavioral, evolutional, and situational factors that can tempt engineers into unethical behavior: how do engineers get into situations of ethical lapse? No one enters a career in engineering intended to put lives and missions at risk through ethical lapses; at the very least, this is not the path to promotion and positive career recognition. With the basis for such behavior established, the author then defines what he calls the characteristics of modern systems that create risk of ethical lapse; he identifies five specific traits of modern societal systems – systems of the sort that today’s engineers are likely to be engaged in building – as being those that can allow people to slip from bad engineering into bad ethics. These characteristics are then illustrated with examples, from everyday engineering situations, such as working to ensure the reliability of the electric power grid, and designing today’s automobiles. The very complexities and richness of features that distinguish many of today’s products and critical societal systems are shown to become a channel through which bad engineering can transition into bad ethics. Lastly, the chapter discusses some of the author’s ideas about how to correct these situations, and guard against these temptations.
Time Orientation Across Cultures (2002)

Time orientation, is potentially an important consideration in designing task environments and user interfaces for cross-cultural audiences. Several researchers have proposed questionnaire methods to evaluate the monochronicity or polychronicity (M-P) of people, but the questions that compose these instruments vary widely from one instrument to another. In this paper, we present a few different methods to quantify M-P and present results from 181 respondents to show the differences among different countries. 1
Comparison of Techniques for Visualising Fire Behaviour (2007)

Abstract During every Australian summer fires are common in the south‐eastern region of the continent. The combined forces of climate, topography and vegetation make Victoria in particular, one of the most fire prone regions on earth ( DSE 2003 ). Throughout its history, Victoria has seen a number of devastating bushfires, including Black Friday 1939, Ash Wednesday 1983, and more recently in the northeast of the State in 2003. The loss of life combined with the damage caused to land and property results in a heavy cost to the community. In Victoria, two of the organizations involved in fire management are the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) and the Country Fire Authority (CFA). Both use fire ‘meters’ to determine potential fire behaviour given certain conditions. Values for temperature, wind speed, fuel load and vegetation type are input and a numerical estimate of fire danger given. There are a number of different meters used for different locations and environmental types. The most common meter used in Victoria is the McArthur Meter ( CSIR0 2001b ). The output data from this meter is numerical, and provides no spatial representation of fire danger. This paper looks at a variety of techniques used to visualise the numerical output from the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter. The article outlines the different models used by fire managers to simulate a fire situation, to assess future scenarios and for decision making involving fire management. Particular emphasis is placed on the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter as this is commonly used by fire departments in Australia. The article then focuses on geographical visualisation and a number of techniques employed to convey spatial information are discussed. The article then goes on to describe the fire simulation prototypes created for a study, a visualisation proof‐of‐concept product for organizations involved in managing bushfires in Australia. Finally, results from the evaluation of the prototype are presented.
Mouse Model of Necrotic Tuberculosis Granulomas Develops Hypoxic Lesions (2011)

We demonstrate that tuberculosis lesions in C3HeB/FeJ are hypoxic. Activities of some key tuberculosis drug regimens in development are represented differently in C3HeB/FeJ versus BALB/c mice. Because C3HeB/FeJ display key features of human tuberculosis, this strain warrants evaluation as a more pathologically relevant model for preclinical studies.
Performance Enhancement of a SynRM and PMaSynRM Using a Cartesian Coordinates-Based Rotor Design Optimization (2021)

One of the challenges in the design optimization of multi-flux barrier synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) and permanent magnet (PM) assisted SynRMs (PMaSynRMs) is to accurately define the parametric dimensions of the flux barriers and magnets as the design variables. In this paper, a Cartesian coordinates-based rotor geometry is established to parametrically define the width, angle and fillet of the flux barriers and length of the magnets in a SynRM and PMaSynRM for the enhancement of saliency ratio, torque and torque ripple in these machines. Test results on a 1 HP (PMa)SynRM prototype are provided to validate the expectations. A well agreement between predictions and experiments prove the reliability of the rotor design optimization steps using the parametrically defined dimensions.
Dynamic token bucket (DTB): a fair bandwidth allocation algorithm for high‐speed networks (2000)

Fair allocation of available bandwidth to competing flows is a simple form of quality of service (QoS) that can be provided to customers in public networks. A number of packet‐scheduling and buffer‐management techniques have been proposed in the literature to achieve this goal efficiently. However, the complexity of the existing algorithms prevents a high‐speed implementation with the current state of router technology. We propose a computationally simpler mechanism based on token‐bucket policing to achieve almost equal bandwidth allocation for a set of competing flows. The proposed method adjusts the token‐bucket threshold dynamically and measures the instantaneous arrival rate of flows. It uses this information to decide whether or not to admit a packet arriving at the network edge. With minor modifications, our framework can be used in a variety of practical network environments ranging from the Internet to virtual private networks (VPNs) over Frame Relay. We present a detailed simulation study that evaluates the performance of our algorithm. The simulation results indicate that DTB is fair, efficient, and robust.
Relation between trends in body temperature and outcome in incident hemodialysis patients (2012)

The best survival was observed in the group with the highest BT at baseline and stable BT during the follow-up period (HR 0.50).
On the Conformation of Tiazofurin Analogues (1997)

Tiazofurin, an important inhibitor of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, has been argued to possess a restricted glycosylic bond due to an energetically favorable intramolecular (1-4) electrostatic interaction between the partial positive sulfur and the negative oxygen of the ribose. This rigidity has been appointed as a plausible cause that leads to activity in the sulfur containing compounds as opposed to the inactive oxazofurin-like analogues (i.e. S is replaced by an oxygen) that lack this favorable interaction. We reinvestigated this notion by using computational methods to report that although the above interaction (or its lack) is likely to contribute to the low-energy conformation of these classes of molecules, the flexibility of the glycosylic bond is ultimately determined by steric interaction of the heteroatoms with the C2'-H and O4' of the ribose. Application of this theory in the design of new analogues is presented as well.
Relationship of Late Loss in Lumen Diameter to Coronary Restenosis in Sirolimus-Eluting Stents (2005)

Because distributions of late loss with a low mean are right-skewed, the use of a transformation improves the accuracy of predicting low binary restenosis rates. Late loss is monotonically correlated with the probability of restenosis and yields a more efficient estimate of the restenosis process in the era of lower binary restenosis rates.
Developing a pro-regenerative biomaterial scaffold microenvironment requires T helper 2 cells (2016)

Immune-mediated tissue regeneration driven by a biomaterial scaffold is emerging as an innovative regenerative strategy to repair damaged tissues. We investigated how biomaterial scaffolds shape the immune microenvironment in traumatic muscle wounds to improve tissue regeneration. The scaffolds induced a pro-regenerative response, characterized by an mTOR/Rictor-dependent T helper 2 pathway that guides interleukin-4-dependent macrophage polarization, which is critical for functional muscle recovery. Manipulating the adaptive immune system using biomaterials engineering may support the development of therapies that promote both systemic and local pro-regenerative immune responses, ultimately stimulating tissue repair.
Synthesis and characterization of new soluble poly(ester‐imide)s containing noncoplanar 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐biphenylene unit (2004)

Abstract A new diimide–diacid chloride (3) containing a noncoplanar 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐biphenylene unit was synthesized by treating 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐diamino‐biphenylene with trimellitic anhydride followed by refluxing with thionyl chloride. Various new poly(ester‐imide)s were prepared from 3 with different bisphenols by solution polycondensation in nitrobenzene using pyridine as hydrogen chloride quencher at 170°C. Inherent viscosities of the poly(ester‐imide)s were found to range between 0.31 and 0.35 dL g −1 . All of the poly(ester‐imide)s, except the one containing pendent adamantyl group 5e, exhibited excellent solubility in the following solvents: N , N ‐dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, tetrachloroethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N , N ‐dimethylacetamide, N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, m ‐cresol, o ‐chlorophenol, and chloroform. The polymers showed glass‐transition temperatures between 166 and 226°C. The 10% weight loss temperatures of the poly(ester‐imide)s, measured by TGA, were found to be in the range between 415 and 456°C in nitrogen. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2486–2493, 2004
Cyclic AMP, Protein Kinase A, and Phosphodiesterases: Proceedings of an International Workshop (2012)

Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are part of almost all major cellular signaling pathways. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that regulate the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Protein kinase A or cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediates most cAMP effects in the cell. Over the last 25 years, various components of this group of molecules have been involved in human diseases, both genetic and acquired. Lately, the PDEs attract more attention. The pharmacological exploitation of the PDE's ability to regulate cGMP and cAMP, and through them, a variety of signaling pathways, has led to a number of new drugs for diverse applications from the treatment of erectile dysfunction to heart failure, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We present the abstracts (available online) and selected articles from the proceedings of a meeting that took place at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, June 8-10, 2011.
Promoted Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen with Surface Oxygen Vacancies on Plasmon‐Enhanced TiO2 Photoelectrodes (2018)

Abstract A hundred years on, the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process continues to turn the N 2 in air into fertilizer, nourishing billions of people while causing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The urgency of mitigating climate change motivates society to progress toward a more sustainable method for fixing N 2 that is based on clean energy. Surface oxygen vacancies (surface O vac ) hold great potential for N 2 adsorption and activation, but introducing O vac on the very surface without affecting bulk properties remains a great challenge. Fine tuning of the surface O vac by atomic layer deposition is described, forming a thin amorphous TiO 2 layer on plasmon‐enhanced rutile TiO 2 /Au nanorods. Surface O vac in the outer amorphous TiO 2 thin layer promote the adsorption and activation of N 2 , which facilitates N 2 reduction to ammonia by excited electrons from ultraviolet‐light‐driven TiO 2 and visible‐light‐driven Au surface plasmons. The findings offer a new approach to N 2 photofixation under ambient conditions (that is, room temperature and atmospheric pressure).
Tables S1-5, Figures S1-S6, 3 Methods from Identification of a Human Airway Epithelial Cell Subpopulation with Altered Biophysical, Molecular, and Metastatic Properties (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables, Figures, and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Optimization of Potent ATAD2 and CECR2 Bromodomain Inhibitors with an Atypical Binding Mode (2020)

Most bromodomain inhibitors mimic the interactions of the natural acetylated lysine (KAc) histone substrate through key interactions with conserved asparagine and tyrosine residues within the binding pocket. Herein we report the optimization of a series of phenyl sulfonamides that exhibit a novel mode of binding to non-bromodomain and extra terminal domain (non-BET) bromodomains through displacement of a normally conserved network of four water molecules. Starting from an initial hit molecule, we report its divergent optimization toward the ATPase family AAA domain containing 2 (ATAD2) and cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2 (CECR2) domains. This work concludes with the identification of (R)-55 (GSK232), a highly selective, cellularly penetrant CECR2 inhibitor with excellent physicochemical properties.
PMU Placement to Ensure Observable Frequency and Voltage Dynamics: A Structured System Approach (2013)

The incorporation of sophisticated sensing technology, notably the phasor measurement units (PMUs), offers tremendous opportunities toward real-time dynamic state monitoring in the smart grid. With a view to effectively exploiting the potentials of these advanced and non-conventional sensing resources, this paper is concerned with the design of PMU placement and sampling methodologies that optimize the state estimation performance in the face of infrastructure and communication limitations. Specifically, on the qualitative front, the paper addresses the minimal placement requirement (measured in terms of the minimal number of sensing units to be deployed) that guarantees dynamic system observability, and explicitly characterizes the desired placement configuration(s) that ensure such observability. Simulation studies performed on the IEEE 5-bus system (with 37 dynamical state components) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Femtosecond laser induced fiber Bragg gratings for harsh environment sensing applications (2014)

Fiber Bragg grating sensors have been developed beyond a laboratory curiosity to become a mainstream sensing technology because of their small size, passive nature, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and capability to simultaneously measure multiple physical parameters such as temperature, strain and pressure. Recently, high temperature stable gratings based on regeneration techniques and femtosecond infrared laser processing have shown promise for use in extreme environments such as high temperature, pressure or ionizing radiation. Such gratings are ideally suited for energy production applications where there is a requirement for advanced energy system instrumentation and controls that are operable in harsh environments. This presentation will give a review of some of the more recent developments of femtosecond laser induced fiber Bragg gratings.