gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fracture Processes in Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (1986)

This paper discusses the fracture processes of concrete and fiber reinforced cementitious composites with special focus on the development of the fracture process zone with respect to the stress‐separation constitutive relation of such materials. The suggestion is that the overall mechanical behavior of a concrete or FRC structure could be strongly influenced by the stress‐separation constitutive relation, which in turn could be altered by engineering the microstructure of the material, especially in FRC. The process zone length is found not be a material property, but depends on the geometry of the specimen and the loading configurations. All these results are shown explicitly by a simple numerical model of a center‐cracked panel subject to remote edge loading or to wedge loading on the crack faces. These calculations also provide further understanding to the validity of certain failure criteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Supported and Unsupported Palladium Oxide Catalysts Using Methane. Characterization of Active Oxides. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HYAL1 and HYAL2 Inhibit Tumour Growth In Vivo but Not In Vitro (2008)

The results suggest that the expression of either gene has led to inhibition of tumour growth in vivo without noticeable effect on growth in vitro. HYAL1 and HYAL2 thus differ in this aspect from other tumour suppressors like P53 or RASSF1A that inhibit growth both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting the microenvironment of cancer cells is one of the most promising venues of cancer therapeutics. As major hyaluronidases in human cells, HYAL1 and HYAL2 may control intercellular interactions and microenvironment of tumour cells providing excellent targets for cancer treatment.
The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute’s Use of Food and Drug Administration-Expanded Access Guidelines to Provide Experimental Cell Therapy to Patients With Rare Serious Diseases (2021)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides guidance for expanded access to experimental therapies, which in turn plays an important role in the Twenty-first Century Cures Act mandate to advance cell-based therapy. In cases of incurable diseases where there is a lack of alternative treatment options, many patients seek access to cell-based therapies for the possibility of treatment responses demonstrated in clinical trials. Here, we describe the use of the FDA's expanded access to investigational new drug (IND) to address rare and emergency conditions that include stiff-person syndrome, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain stem injury, complex congenital heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral nerve injury. We have administered both allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and autologous Schwann cell (SC) therapy to patients upon emergency request using Single Patient Expanded Access (SPEA) INDs approved by the FDA. In this report, we present our experience with 10 completed SPEA protocols.
AutoBayes: Automated Bayesian Graph Exploration for Nuisance- Robust Inference (2021)

Learning data representations that capture task-related features, but are invariant to nuisance variations remains a key challenge in machine learning. We introduce an automated Bayesian inference framework, called AutoBayes, that explores different graphical models linking classifier, encoder, decoder, estimator and adversarial network blocks to optimize nuisance-invariant machine learning pipelines. Auto Bayes also enables learning disentangled representations, where the latent variable is split into multiple pieces to impose various relationships with the nuisance variation and task labels. We benchmark the framework on several public datasets, and provide analysis of its capability for subject-transfer learning with/without variational modeling and adversarial training. We demonstrate a significant performance improvement with ensemble learning across explored graphical models.
Kinetic control of negative feedback regulators of NF-κB/RelA determines their pathogen- and cytokine-receptor signaling specificity (2009)

Mammalian signaling networks contain an abundance of negative feedback regulators that may have overlapping ("fail-safe") or specific functions. Within the NF-kappaB signaling module, IkappaB alpha is known as a negative feedback regulator, but the newly characterized inhibitor IkappaB delta is also inducibly expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli. To examine IkappaB delta's roles in inflammatory signaling, we mathematically modeled the 4-IkappaB-containing NF-kappaB signaling module and developed a computational phenotyping methodology of general applicability. We found that IkappaB delta, like IkappaB alpha, can provide negative feedback, but each functions stimulus-specifically. Whereas IkappaB delta attenuates persistent, pathogen-triggered signals mediated by TLRs, the more prominent IkappaB alpha does not. Instead, IkappaB alpha, which functions more rapidly, is primarily involved in determining the temporal profile of NF-kappaB signaling in response to cytokines that serve intercellular communication. Indeed, when removing the inducing cytokine stimulus by compound deficiency of the tnf gene, we found that the lethality of ikappab alpha(-/-) mouse was rescued. Finally, we found that IkappaB delta provides signaling memory owing to its long half-life; it integrates the inflammatory history of the cell to dampen NF-kappaB responsiveness during sequential stimulation events.
Enantiospecific, Stereospecific Total Synthesis of (+)-Majvinine, (+)-10-Methoxyaffinisine, and (+)-Na-Methylsarpagine as Well as the Total Synthesis of the Alstonia Bisindole Macralstonidine (2002)

[structure: see text] The enantiospecific stereospecific total synthesis of majvinine 1a, 10-methoxyaffinisine 1b, and N(a)-methylsarpagine 1c are reported; this method has also resulted in the total synthesis of the Alstonia bisindole macralstonidine 2.
Using nuclear and organelle DNA markers to discriminate among PicearubensPiceamariana, and their hybrids (1996)

The pattern of nuclear ribosomal alleles in controlled-cross black spruce × red spruce hybrids was compared with that of samples from provenance tests of the entire range of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) and the eastern complex of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP). In addition, restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified for the organelle genomes of red spruce and black spruce. Organelle haplotypes were closely associated with species, but were not species specific. Data from controlled-cross hybrids suggest that mitochondria are maternally inherited and chloroplasts are paternally inherited in these spruce species. Organelle markers were combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism data from the nuclear rDNA repeat to derive a simple three-character index capable of identifying red spruce, black spruce, and hybrids of the two species.
Conclusion (2008)

Abstract This chapter presents a synthesis of discussions in the preceding chapters. It retraces one key line of thought, and shows how it leads to the positive view that has been presented and defended: fuzzy plurivaluationism.
Facile synthesis of benzene‐bridged azaoxamacrobicyclic ligands (1998)

Abstract Five new barrel‐shaped macrobicyclic compounds capable of complexation with anions have been prepared. Intermediate triamines were prepared in one‐step using a triple Mitsonobu reaction, thereby shortening the overall synthetic sequence. A previously prepared benzene‐bridged hexaazamacrocycle was prepared in only four‐steps.
Word embeddings and recurrent neural networks based on Long-Short Term\n Memory nodes in supervised biomedical word sense disambiguation (2016)

Word sense disambiguation helps identifying the proper sense of ambiguous\nwords in text. With large terminologies such as the UMLS Metathesaurus\nambiguities appear and highly effective disambiguation methods are required.\nSupervised learning algorithm methods are used as one of the approaches to\nperform disambiguation. Features extracted from the context of an ambiguous\nword are used to identify the proper sense of such a word. The type of features\nhave an impact on machine learning methods, thus affect disambiguation\nperformance. In this work, we have evaluated several types of features derived\nfrom the context of the ambiguous word and we have explored as well more global\nfeatures derived from MEDLINE using word embeddings. Results show that word\nembeddings improve the performance of more traditional features and allow as\nwell using recurrent neural network classifiers based on Long-Short Term Memory\n(LSTM) nodes. The combination of unigrams and word embeddings with an SVM sets\na new state of the art performance with a macro accuracy of 95.97 in the MSH\nWSD data set.\n
Cramer–Rao bound based mean‐squared error and throughput analysis of superimposed pilots for semi‐blind multiple‐input multiple‐output wireless channel estimation (2012)

SUMMARY This work presents a study of the mean‐squared error (MSE) and throughput performance of superimposed pilots (SP) for the estimation of a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) wireless channel. The Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) is derived for SP based estimation of the MIMO channel matrix. Employing the CRB analysis, it is proved that the asymptotic MSE bound is potentially 3 dB lower than the MSE performance of the existing SP mean based estimation (SPME) schemes. Motivated by this observation, a novel SP semi‐blind scheme is presented for MIMO channel estimation. This scheme asymptotically achieves the CRB and hence has a lower MSE of estimation when compared with SPME schemes. We also derive closed form expressions for the optimal source‐pilot power allocation in SP by maximizing the post‐processing signal‐to‐noise power ratio at the receiver. In the final part, a new result is presented for the worst‐case capacity of a communication channel with correlated information symbols and noise. This framework is employed to quantify the throughput performance of SP and also to demonstrate the bandwidth efficiency of SP compared with that of a conventional pilot based system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Association between bipolar episodes and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis: a retrospective longitudinal study (2014)

Our results support the notion of an imbalance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis among bipolar episodes, which is suggestive for relative hemoconcentration during depressive episodes and relative hemodilution during manic episodes. These findings may eventually lead to novel therapeutic targets.
Development of an assay method for natural products containing cosmetics (II)-licorice (2020)

This study established a quantification method for cosmetics containing licorice. During pretreatment, methanol was used as a solvent for extraction of lotion products and a salting-out method with a photodiode array detector for emulsions and creams. A gradient high performance liquid chromatographic method was established to determine liquiritin, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in licorice-containing cosmetics. Samples were analyzed by gradient elution with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 1% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Calibration curves of the three compounds were constructed in the range of 5.0-50.0 μg/mL in glycerin solution and 2.5-100.0 μg/mL in emulsion and cream. The correlation coefficients were all above 0.994. The average recoveries of these three compounds were 88.8-107.4%, 91.7-104.1% and 95.6-105.5% in glycerin solution, emulsion, and cream, respectively. The analytical method was further validated and employed in the assay of the commercial products. The results showed that glycyrrhizin could be detected in licorice extracts. With regard to the quantification of marker components in commercial products, glycyrrhizin (16.8 to 113.4 μg/mL) was detected in 3 out of 7 licorice-containing commercial products. Glycyrrhizin was the most abundant component in licorice, while other marker compounds were not detectable, probably due to low contents or extensive dilution. The method developed in this study can be applied to commercial cosmetics containing licorice for the assurance of product quality.
Impedance-Based Battery Management System for Safety Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Multifrequency impedance measurements have been recognized as a technique for the monitoring of individual cells in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. However, its practical introduction for battery management has been slow, mainly due to added size and larger operating power requirements. Here, we describe a small, low-power, multifrequency (1-1000 Hz) impedance-based battery management system (BMS) for multicell batteries of varying capacities. This BMS ensures battery safety and efficiency by tracking and acting on emerging mismatches and other electrical and thermal abnormalities in each individual cell without adding cost, volume, weight, and power, compared to conventional BMSs. Multicell batteries face a unique problem that single-cell Li-ion batteries do not: mismatching of one or more cells is detrimental to the safety and efficiency of the entire battery. Thus, cell matching is an important first step required for safe operation of multicell Li-ion batteries. Cell mismatch can occur due to battery overdischarge, overcharge, internal and external shorts, etc., or even when leaving a battery unused for an extended period (calendar aging). Predicting a mismatch is essential for a battery's thermal safety and electrical efficiency. Conventional BMSs typically monitor cell voltages and surface temperature. However, these measurements and related protocols have not succeeded in ensuring battery safety or improving efficiency. Data for batteries with intentionally calendar-aged and overdischarged cells convincingly demonstrate that such BMSs cannot identify cell mismatches and emerging failures. In contrast, the impedance-based BMS, described here, tracks, identifies, and acts on changes in the internal state of each cell continuously in real time, including battery charging, discharging, and at rest.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the Diazonamide A Macrocyclic Core (2015)

Stereoselective synthesis of the right-hand heteroaromatic macrocycle of diazonamide A features C16-C18 bond formation in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and atropodiastereoselective Dieckmann-type macrocyclization as key steps. The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling gave the best yields when it was catalyzed by a palladium-dioxygen complex.
Structure of nitride layer formed on titanium alloy surface by N2-gas exposure at high temperatures (2017)

Nitride treatment is used for hardening of titanium alloy surfaces. In this study, we prepare samples under two different conditions, (1) 810°C, for 600 min, and (2) 850°C, for 720 min. A depth-profile analysis of the surfaces of the samples is conducted through Doppler broadening measurements of positron annihilation gamma rays using a slow positron beam. Lager S–parameters are obtained near the surface for all samples. These parameters can be explained by the positron annihilation at the grain boundaries between the nano-grains confirmed by transmission electron microscope images. Furthermore, the variation in the W-parameters near the surface is independent of the variation in S-parameters, thus indicating a depth dependence of the W-parameters on the chemical composition of the precipitate at the grain boundaries, also confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. Variations in the W-parameters was observed to occur in the deeper regions, indicating that the nitrated layer is thicker in the sample prepared under condition (2) and the increased hardness of the sample surface measured using Vickers Hardness method is likely caused by this thicker nitrated layer.
Parallel Programming in C**: A Large-Grain Data-Parallel Programming Language (1996)

Reference EPFL-CHAPTER-192908 URL: http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=3952 Record created on 2013-12-23, modified on 2017-05-12
QuACK: Accelerating Gradient-Based Quantum Optimization with Koopman Operator Learning (2022)

Quantum optimization, a key application of quantum computing, has traditionally been stymied by the linearly increasing complexity of gradient calculations with an increasing number of parameters. This work bridges the gap between Koopman operator theory, which has found utility in applications because it allows for a linear representation of nonlinear dynamical systems, and natural gradient methods in quantum optimization, leading to a significant acceleration of gradient-based quantum optimization. We present Quantum-circuit Alternating Controlled Koopman learning (QuACK), a novel framework that leverages an alternating algorithm for efficient prediction of gradient dynamics on quantum computers. We demonstrate QuACK's remarkable ability to accelerate gradient-based optimization across a range of applications in quantum optimization and machine learning. In fact, our empirical studies, spanning quantum chemistry, quantum condensed matter, quantum machine learning, and noisy environments, have shown accelerations of more than 200x speedup in the overparameterized regime, 10x speedup in the smooth regime, and 3x speedup in the non-smooth regime. With QuACK, we offer a robust advancement that harnesses the advantage of gradient-based quantum optimization for practical benefits.
Enhancement of tumor‐specific T‐cell responses by transcatheter arterial embolization with dendritic cell infusion for hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) destroys a tumor by the induction of necrosis and/or apoptosis and causes inflammation with cytokine production, which may favor immune activation and presentation of tumor-specific antigens. In the current study, we attempted to identify the effect of TAE on tumor-specific T-cell responses and the additional effect of dendritic cell (DC) infusion performed during TAE. The prevalence of tumor antigen-specific T cells was determined by interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot analysis using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and tumor antigen-derived peptides in 20 and 13 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received TAE and TAE with DC infusion, respectively. The increased frequency of AFP-specific T cells was observed in 6 of 20 patients after TAE. It was observed more frequently in patients with DC infusion than in those with TAE alone. However, tumor recurrence was not completely prevented in patients albeit displayed enhanced immune responses. The evidence that the enhanced immune responses were transient and attenuated within 3 months was provided in time-course analysis. In conclusion, TAE with DC infusion enhances the tumor-specific immune responses more effectively than TAE alone. Although the effect is not sufficient to prevent HCC recurrence, these results may contribute to the development of novel immunotherapeutic approach for HCC.
Technology for defectivity improvement in resist coating and developing process in EUV lithography process (2017)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) technology is getting closer to high volume manufacturing phase every year. In order to enhance the yield in EUV lithography process, further improvement of defectivity is required at the moment. In this paper, optimized rinse and new dispense system (NDS) have been applied to a 24nm contact hole (CH) pattern in order to achieve defect reduction. As a result, the optimized rinse reduced approximately 70 % of residue defects. In addition, NDS for coating process exhibited 80 % defect reduction in particles in the coating films of material such as SOC, SOG, and resist.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 (SCA2) Spinal Cord Transcriptome Sequencing Informs Understanding on ALS (S18.005) (2018)

The objective of this study is to characterize the spinal cord (SC) transcriptome of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) mice, and to characterize SC genes modified by ATXN2 ASO treatment.
Global Optimization of GPS Augmentation Architectures Using Genetic Algorithms (1995)

The prediction of augmented GPS performance for spread-out user locations requires analyses of both accuracy under normal conditions and integrity in the case of system failures. Methods that combine covariance propagation and Monte Carlo simulation for the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) have been developed, allowing system designers to study performance, risk, and cost tradeoffs. This process can be automated into computer search techniques that make WAAS network optimization possible Revisions to our previously published accuracy and integrity algorithms have been made, including more detailed WAAS accuracy models and probability models for spacecraft, ionosphere, and ground errors. Updated results are given for the FAA testbed (NSTB) network and for an example WAAS system for Europe. Next, a framework for network optimization is constructed from two bases. A top-level user value model expresses the relative quality of the combined accuracy and integrity evaluations for a giv...
Cursive script recognition using semi continuous hidden Markov models in combination with simple features (1994)

An approach is presented to use left-to-right Hidden Markov Models adopted from speech recognition for recognition of cursive script. A sequence of feature vectors is obtained from the script line deliberately doing without preprocessing to reduce writer variability. The goal is to investigate wether or not it is possible to statistically model cursive script with HMMs for recognition based on such features.
Carboxydocella manganica sp. nov., a thermophilic, dissimilatory Mn(IV)- and Fe(III)-reducing bacterium from a Kamchatka hot spring (2011)

A thermophilic, anaerobic, dissimilatory Mn(IV)- and Fe(III)-reducing bacterium (strain SLM 61T) was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring on the Kamchatka peninsula. The cells were straight rods, 0.5-0.6 µm in diameter and 1.0-6.0 µm long, and exhibited tumbling motility by means of peritrichous flagellation. The strain grew at 26-70 °C, with an optimum at 58-60 °C, and at pH 5.5-8.0, with an optimum at pH 6.5. Growth of SLM 61T was observed at 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl, with an optimum at 0.5 % (w/v). The generation time under optimal growth conditions was 40 min. Strain SLM 61T grew and reduced Mn(IV), Fe(III) or nitrate with a number of organic acids and complex proteinaceous compounds as electron donors. It was capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth using molecular hydrogen as an electron donor, Fe(III) but not Mn(IV) or nitrate as an electron acceptor and CO2 as a carbon source. It also was able to ferment pyruvate, yeast extract, glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. The G+C content of DNA of strain SLM 61T was 50.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the closest relative of the isolated organism was Carboxydocella thermautotrophica 41T (96.9 % similarity). On the basis of its physiological properties and phylogenetic analyses, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Carboxydocella manganica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SLM 61T (=DSM 23132T=VKM B-2609T). C. manganica is the first described representative of the genus Carboxydocella that possesses the ability to reduce metals and does not utilize CO.