gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Dissolution‐Mediated Reaction Mechanism of α‐MnO2 Cathodes for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries (2020)

Aqueous Zn/α-MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries have attracted immense interest owing to their high energy density, low cost, and safety, making them desirable for future large-scale energy application. Despite these merits, the comprehensive understanding of their reaction mechanism has been elusive due to the limitations of standard bulk characterization. Here, via transmission electron microscopy, the dissolution-mediated reaction mechanism of a Zn/α-MnO<sub>2</sub> system is discovered and explored in full scope to involve reversible formation of Zn<sub>4</sub> SO<sub>4</sub> (OH)<sub>6</sub> ·xH<sub>2</sub> O and "birnessite-like" Zn-MnO<sub>x</sub> phase upon cycling. Overall, α-MnO<sub>2</sub> acts primarily as a source for cell activation through dissolution and thus is not directly involved in the Zn redox chemistry. This microscopic study offers a unique knowledge on the unconventional reaction chemistry of Zn/α-MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries.
S110, a novel decitabine dinucleotide, increases fetal hemoglobin levels in baboons (P. anubis) (2010)

S110 is rapidly converted into decitabine, hypomethylates DNA, and induces HbF in cultured human erythroid progenitors and the baboon pre-clinical model.
Simple Clothoid Paths for Autonomous Vehicle Lane Changes at the Limits of Handling (2013)

This paper demonstrates that an autonomous vehicle can perform emergency lane changes up to the limits of handling through real-time generation and evaluation of bi-elementary paths. Path curvature and friction limits determine the maximum possible speed along the path and, consequently, the feasibility of the path. This approach incorporates both steering inputs and changes in speed during the maneuver. As a result, varying path parameters and observing the maximum possible entry speed of resulting paths gives insight about when and to what extent a vehicle should brake and turn during emergency lane change maneuvers. Tests on an autonomous vehicle validate this approach for lane changes at the limits of handling.
Building the world's longest heated pipeline a technology application review (2014)

The world depends on oil for much of its energy needs and global demand for oil is forecast to increase significantly in the future as countries such as China and India continue to develop [1]. Much of the world's conventional or “easy” oil sources have already been located and developed, so oil companies are increasingly turning to more difficult non-conventional oil sources which require innovative technology to be developed successfully. Often it is the physical properties of the oil that define it as non-conventional, such as being unusually heavy or viscous or containing a high percentage of wax, presenting difficult flow assurance and transportation problems that must be overcome. This paper describes the development of an Indian oil field containing an oil so waxy it is solid at ambient temperatures, requiring the construction of the world's longest heated pipeline to transport the waxy crude over 600 km from a remote desert location to a coastal refining hub. The topics covered include the evaluation of various transportation solutions, selection of a skin effect heating system, thermal insulation, power sources and distribution, challenges associated with the design and construction, and lessons learnt that could enhance the safety and reliability of future projects.
Profiles of Human Melanoma Cell Surface Proteins: Effects of Culturing on Two Different Substrates (1990)

Three human melanoma cell lines of differing invasive and metastatic potentials were cultured on either a plastic surface or a denuded amniotic basement membrane, and alterations in their cell surface proteins, invasive profiles, and the presence or absence of the 69 Kd high-affinity metastasis-associated laminin receptor were examined. Our data indicate that the labeled, precipitable cell surface proteins are different from the three cell lines when they are cultured on the same substrate, and change when the cells are cultured on a different substrate. Furthermore, the invasive potential (as measured in the in vitro Membrane Invasion Culture System) is decreased for all of the cell lines after culturing the cells on a basement membrane matrix compared to a plastic surface. Finally, we show that the 69 Kd high-affinity metastasis-associated laminin receptor can be isolated from all three cell lines cultured on the two different substrates by labeling the cell surface with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and immunoprecipitating these targeted proteins.
Scheduling and feedback reduction in coordinated networks (2011)

Base station coordination has received much attention as a means to reduce the inter-cell interference in cellular networks. However, this interference reducing ability comes at the expense of increased feedback, backhaul load and computational complexity. The degree of coordination is therefore limited in practice. In this paper, we explore the trade-off between capacity and feedback load in a cellular network with coordination clusters. Our main interest lies in a scenario with multiple fading users in each cell. The results indicate that a large fraction of the total gain can be achieved by a significant reduction in feedback. We also find an approximate expression for the distribution of the instantaneous signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and propose a new effective scheduling algorithm.
Cover Picture: High Power Efficiency Blue‐to‐Green Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Isonicotinonitrile‐Based Fluorescent Emitters (Chem. Asian J. 6/2017) (2017)

Masters of glowing potions! A pyridinecarbonitrile derivative, specifically isonicotinotitrile, can generate a novel series of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters by combining suitable donor unit(s) such as 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine or phenoxazine. These emitters possessed reasonably high photoluminescent quantum yields of 70—79% and led to high-power-efficiency blue-to-green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a very low drive voltage and high external quantum efficiency of over 20 %. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Hisahiro Sasabe, Junji Kido et al. on page 648 in Issue 6, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601641).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF METAL CARBONYLS. XV. HETERODINUCLEAR ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES WITH HYDRIDO BRIDGES (1984)

Abstract Photolyse der Hydridokomplexe (I) in Gegenwart des Komplexes (II) führt unter H 2 ‐Eliminierung und Carbonylübertragung auf die Nb‐ und Ta‐Komplexe zu den neuartigen, extrem luftempfindlichen Heterozweikern‐Komplexen (III), in denen unterschiedliche Metallzentren über gewinkelte Hydrid‐Brücken verknüpft sind.
Interleukin-1β Mediates the Extra-Intestinal Thrombosis Associated with Experimental Colitis (2010)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are associated with an increased risk for thromboembolism, which is often manifested as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, at extra-intestinal sites. Although some of the cytokines that contribute to IBD pathogenesis are also known to alter the coagulation pathway, it remains unclear whether these mediators also contribute to the extra-intestinal thrombosis often associated with IBD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-1β in enhanced extra-intestinal thrombosis observed in mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. IL-1β concentrations were measured in plasma, colon, and skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) control and colitic mice. Microvascular thrombosis was induced in cremaster muscle microvessels by using a light/dye injury model. The effects of exogenous IL-1β on thrombus formation were determined in control WT mice. DSS-induced thrombogenesis was evaluated in WT mice treated with an IL-1β antibody and in IL-1 receptor-deficient (IL-1r(-/-)) mice. DSS-induced colonic inflammation in WT mice was associated with enhanced thrombus formation in arterioles. IL-1β concentrations were elevated in inflamed colon and skeletal muscle. Exogenous IL-1β enhanced thrombosis in control mice in a dose-dependent manner. DSS colitic mice treated with the IL-1β antibody as well as IL-1r(-/-) mice exhibited significantly blunted thrombogenic responses. These findings implicate IL-1β as a mediator of enhanced microvascular thromboses that occur in extra-intestinal tissues during colonic inflammation.
Resonant coupling efficiency limits for multiple receivers in a wireless power transfer system (2013)

Power transfer between two resonators - a transmitter and a receiver- can occur through sympathetic resonance of their near EM fields. Remarkably, the power transfer efficiency is limited by the product of the quality factors Q, of the transmitter and receiver and the coupling coefficient k. In this work, we evaluate the efficiency limit first, for an inductively coupled system consisting of a single transmitter and receiver, based on their equivalent circuit model. This limit is identical to that derived previously using the coupled mode theory. We observe that in order to achieve maximum efficiency, the ratio of the load-to-loss impedances at both the source (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> /R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L1</sub> ) and load (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> /R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L2</sub> ) should be equal to a prescribed value. This is the same condition that yields simultaneous impedance matching at source and load. Efficiency limits are then calculated for single transmitter and two uncoupled receivers. In that case, maximum efficiency is obtained when the load-to-loss impedance ratio is equal to the same prescribed value for all devices simultaneously. However, this condition does not provide for simultaneous matching at the source and loads, which turns out to be impossible. The analysis can be generalized for a single transmitter and N uncoupled receivers.
Sorting cells by their dynamical properties (2016)

Recent advances in cell sorting aim at the development of novel methods that are sensitive to various mechanical properties of cells. Microfluidic technologies have a great potential for cell sorting; however, the design of many micro-devices is based on theories developed for rigid spherical particles with size as a separation parameter. Clearly, most bioparticles are non-spherical and deformable and therefore exhibit a much more intricate behavior in fluid flow than rigid spheres. Here, we demonstrate the use of cells' mechanical and dynamical properties as biomarkers for separation by employing a combination of mesoscale hydrodynamic simulations and microfluidic experiments. The dynamic behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) within deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices is investigated for different device geometries and viscosity contrasts between the intra-cellular fluid and suspending medium. We find that the viscosity contrast and associated cell dynamics clearly determine the RBC trajectory through a DLD device. Simulation results compare well to experiments and provide new insights into the physical mechanisms which govern the sorting of non-spherical and deformable cells in DLD devices. Finally, we discuss the implications of cell dynamics for sorting schemes based on properties other than cell size, such as mechanics and morphology.
High refractive index and high transparency HfO2 nanocomposites for next generation lithography (2010)

HfO2 nanoparticles stabilized with selected ligands possess high refractive index and low absorbance under 193 nm radiation. These materials combined with an appropriate photopolymer were used as a nanocomposite photoresist. The resulting nanocomposite materials were used successfully for high resolution patterning.
3‐Hydroxypyridin‐2‐one Complexes of Near‐Infrared (NIR) Emitting Lanthanides: Sensitization of Holmium(III) and Praseodymium(III) in Aqueous Solution (2008)

PrIII- und HoIII-Komplexe des vierzähnigen Chromophors 1-Methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-2-on zeigen in wässriger Lösung charakteristische Emissionsbanden im sichtbaren Bereich und im nahen Infrarot. Der HoIII-Komplex wurde strukturell charakterisiert, und es wurde – erstmalig für einen HoIII-Komplex – auch die Abklingkinetik der NIR-Lumineszenz gemessen.
Possible One-Dimensional Helical Conductor: Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene Nanotube (2008)

ESR and 1 H NMR investigations were performed on iodine-doped HBC nanotubes to understand the low-temperature electronic states and carrier dynamics. Using ESR measurements, we clarified that the charged carriers induced by iodine-doping possess spins, and we found two kinds of spin species with different doping levels. The ESR results indicate the itinerant features down to 170 K. The 1 H T 1 -1 for the heavy-iodine-doped HBC nanotubes follows T 0.5 and exhibits a characteristic frequency dependence. We propose that the spin excitation propagates along the one-dimensional helical chain.
OPTIMAL INTERPOLATION OF AERONET RADIOMETRIC NETWORK OBSERVATIONS FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH DISTRIBUTION IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN REGION (2022)

The application of the optimal interpolation method for the assimilation of the observational data of aerosol optical thickness (AOT), which are sparse in space and time, in the chemical transport model is herein validated. Assuming the negligible error of AOT observations in the AERONET ground-based radiometric network, spatial and temporal correlation functions of the errors in the results of the AOT simulated by the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model are obtained. The optimal interpolation method is applied to the AERONET data using the GEOS-Chem results as a background field for the Eastern European region for 2015–2016. It is shown that the use of the optimal interpolation method permits to reduce the root-mean-square error of the AOT estimation by more than a third in places where there are no AERONET stations in comparison with the model results.
Zero-Change CMOS Nanophotonics: Converting Foundry Semiconductor Chips to Plasmonic Electro-optic Modulators (2023)

We create nanophotonic devices using CMOS foundry processes where the top metal layers exhibit a plasmonic resonance. By integrating liquid crystals and applying a bias, we measure a 20 nm resonance shift at ~700 nm.
A Novel Technology for Creating Sensors and Actuators in Processor Packages (2017)

In this paper, a novel technology is presented in which organic substrate manufacturing is used to create sensors and actuators directly in the CPU package. The dielectric material surrounding some interconnect traces in the substrate is removed, allowing those traces to act as sensors and actuators, while the CPU itself is used for signal processing and conditioning. To demonstrate proof of concept, ultra-thin resonant accelerometers based on this approach are designed, manufactured, and successfully tested by using them to measure orientation changes. The approach realizes smart, compact package substrates with integrated sensing and actuation functionalities, thereby enabling a wide range of applications not previously feasible in CPU packages.
Introduction to the supplement on seismic interferometry (2006)

In 1968, J. F. Claerbout derived a remarkable relation between the transmission and reflection responses of a horizontally layered medium, bounded by a free surface (Claerbout, 1968). He showed that autocorrelation of the transmission response is equal to the reflection response plus its time-reversed version (plus an impulse at time zero).
Preserving Poisson characteristics of PET data with weighted OSEM reconstruction (2002)

To evaluate the importance of preserving the Poisson characteristics of PET data when using OSEM reconstruction, the authors have examined several data weighting schemes with increasing complexity which progressively account for attenuation, normalization, random coincidences and Compton scatter with both ordinary and shifted Poisson models. All schemes have first been tested on 2D dynamic data from a decaying phantom filled with H/sub 2//sup 15/O. The images produced by the various weighting schemes were compared to the ones obtained by filtered backprojection reconstruction. Small positive bias (1%) was detected for the FW and SP schemes and may be due to implementation. The impact of these reconstruction methods on physiological parameters is illustrated with clinical protocols measuring myocardial blood flow with /sup 13/NH/sub 3/ and Standard Uptake Values with /sup 18/FDG. Despite the high random rate in cardiac studies, no positive bias was detected in the images when using the AW and ANW schemes with scans precorrected for random and scatter. For whole-body studies, at low random rates, the ANW scheme produced the same quantitative results as the FW and SP ones. That scheme is likely the best choice for obtaining high quality emission images and unbiased ROI's in most situations on current 2D scanners.
Simulations of Congenital Septal Defect Closure and Reactivity Testing in Patient-Specific Models of the Pediatric Pulmonary Vasculature: A 3D Numerical Study With Fluid-Structure Interaction (2006)

Clinical imaging methods are highly effective in the diagnosis of vascular pathologies, but they do not currently provide enough detail to shed light on the cause or progression of such diseases, and would be hard pressed to foresee the outcome of surgical interventions. Greater detail of and prediction capabilities for vascular hemodynamics and arterial mechanics are obtained here through the coupling of clinical imaging methods with computational techniques. Three-dimensional, patient-specific geometric reconstructions of the pediatric proximal pulmonary vasculature were obtained from x-ray angiogram images and meshed for use with commercial computational software. Two such models from hypertensive patients, one with multiple septal defects, the other who underwent vascular reactivity testing, were each completed with two sets of suitable fluid and structural initial and boundary conditions and used to obtain detailed transient simulations of artery wall motion and hemodynamics in both clinically measured and predicted configurations. The simulation of septal defect closure, in which input flow and proximal vascular stiffness were decreased, exhibited substantial decreases in proximal velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and pressure in the post-op state. The simulation of vascular reactivity, in which distal vascular resistance and proximal vascular stiffness were decreased, displayed negligible changes in velocity and WSS but a significant drop in proximal pressure in the reactive state. This new patient-specific technique provides much greater detail regarding the function of the pulmonary circuit than can be obtained with current medical imaging methods alone, and holds promise for enabling surgical planning.
The Effect of Anti-reflux Therapy on Patients Diagnosed with Minor Disorders of Peristalsis in High-resolution Manometry (2017)

The majority of esophageal minor peristaltic disorders were accompanied by gastroesophageal reflux, and therefore, they might respond to acid inhibitor. Further well-designed, prospective studies are necessary to confirm the effect of anti-reflux therapy in these patients.
Hydrogel probe for iontophoresis drug delivery to the eye (2004)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a solid hydrogel loaded with a drug solution as a probe for ejecting drugs to the eye upon application of low current iontophoresis. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and cross-linked arabinogalactan or dextran were prepared to form solid hydrogels. The hydrogels were examined for their mechanical suitability, absorption of drug solution and in vitro release properties when applying an iontophoretic current through the drug-loaded hydrogel into a solid-agar surface. Transconjunctival and transscleral iontophoresis of gentamicin sulfate was studied in healthy rabbits using drug-loaded disposable HEMA hydrogel disc probes. Gentamicin concentrations in different eye segments were assayed using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Preliminary corneal toxicity was examined in rabbits using a current intensity of 2.5 and 5.1 mA/cm2 for 60 and 120 s. The most appropriate hydrogel is composed of HEMA, 2% EGDMA and 75% water. lontophoresis onto agar gel was found indicative for the evaluation of iontophoretic activity of a hydrogel. Transscleral iontophoretic treatment resulted in high concentrations of drugs in the posterior segments of the eye. Application of iontophoresis onto the rabbit eye caused a reversible swelling of the cornea which lasted a few hours after application. Low current iontophoresis using drug-loaded hydrogel has a potential clinical value in obtaining high drug concentration at posterior segments of the eye.
38. Characterization of the binding site for leukocyte integrin ??M??2 within the ??-chain of fibrinogen (1998)

Ugarova, T. P.1; Solovjov, D. A.1; Zhang, L.1; Loukinov, D. I.2; Yee, V. C.1; Medved, L. V.2; Plow, E. F.1 Author Information
Epitaxial Growth of (Si)GeSn Source/Drain Layers for Advanced Ge Gate All Around Devices (2019)

Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x-y</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> are being considered for novel device schemes as they have interesting electrical and optical material properties. We will show that the epitaxial material quality is higher if GeH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , instead of Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> , is used as Ge-source gas. Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> is an interesting source/drain (S/D) material in Ge p-type FETs because the achievable electrically active boron doping concentration is a factor 60 higher than the boron solubility limit in Ge. We present a selective, conformally boron doped Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> source/drain fabrication scheme implemented on 10 nm wide fins and on Ge based Gate-All-Around devices. N-doped Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x-y</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> is being considered as S/D material for nGe channels as Si:P suffers from degraded material quality when epitaxially grown on Ge.