gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a stainless steel tube resistant to corrosive Cl2 gas for use in semiconductor manufacturing (1998)

In order to develop a corrosion-free halogen gas delivery system for use in semiconductor manufacturing, Cr2O3 passivation of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels has been investigated. It has been shown that a Cr2O3 layer can be formed on an electropolished (EP) surface of ferritic 26Cr–1Mo stainless steel by oxidation above 600 °C, but excellent corrosion resistance performance to Cl2 gas can be obtained only by oxidation above 700 °C. On the other hand, on the EP surface of austenitic SUS 316L, a corrosion-resistant Cr2O3 layer is not formed by oxidation even up to 800 °C.
Locating the Site(s) of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Nonketotic Diabetes Mellitus (1976)

Insulin resistance and the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increas efficiency of glucose uptake were determined in 24 nonobese individuals: eight subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance, eight patients with chemical diabetes, and eight nonketotic patients with fasting hyperglycemia (greater than 150 mg. per cent). Insulin resistance was estimated by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose response to a continuous infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. This approach permits us to inhibit levels of exogenous insulin, and use the height of the steady-state plasma glucose response as a direct estimate of insulin resistance. The ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increase efficiency of glucose uptake was calculated from the results of two studies in which a continuous infusion of 3H-2-glucose was used to measure glucose turnover rate. The first study was performed after an overnight fast, under conditions of basal insulin levels, while the second was conducted during the infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. Hepatic glucose production is equal to glucose turnover rate during the basal study and is equal to glucose turnover rate minus the infusion rate of cold glucose during the second study. Glucose uptake in both studies is equal to glucose turnover rate minus urinary glucose loss, and the efficiency of glucose uptake is calculated by dividing glucose uptake by the plasma glucose pool size. The mean (+/- S.E.) steady-state plasma glucose response was 113 +/- 9 mg. per cent in normal subjects, 205 +/- 14 mg. per cent in chemical diabetics, and 346 +/- 30 mg. per cent in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, insulin resistance exists in monoketotic diabetes, and the greater the degree of glucose intolerance, the greater the insulin resistance. The resistance to the insulin infusion in patients with chemical diabetes seemed to be mainly a function of the inability of insulin to increase efficiency of glucose uptake, since insulin did retain its ability to inhibit glucose production (although not to normal levels). In contrast, the infusion of insulin neither inhibited hepatic glucose production nor increased efficienty of glucose uptake in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, the insulin resistance that exists in patients with nonketotic diabetes cannot be considered to be a global phenomenon. Significant differences exist in the responsiveness of various tissues to the two general aspects of insulin's action on glucose homeostasis, and these differences provide a physiologic basis for the variations in degree of over-all insulin resistance that are present in the three groups of subjects.
A Four-Terminal, Inline, Chalcogenide Phase-Change RF Switch Using an Independent Resistive Heater for Thermal Actuation (2013)

An inline chalcogenide phase-change radio-frequency (RF) switch using germanium telluride and driven by an integrated, electrically isolated thin-film heater for thermal actuation has been fabricated. A voltage pulse applied to the heater terminals was used to transition the phase-change material between the crystalline and amorphous states. An ON-state resistance of 4.5 Ω (0.08 Ω-mm) with an OFF-state capacitance and resistance of 35 fF and 0.5 MΩ, respectively, were measured resulting in an RF switch cutoff frequency (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">co</sub> ) of 1.0 THz and an OFF/ON resistance ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> . The output third-order intercept point measured , with zero power consumption during steady-state operation, making it a nonvolatile RF switch. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported implementation of an RF phase change switch in a four-terminal, inline configuration.
A novel combined pulsed laser flash photolysis-optoacoustic spectroscopy technique for the quantitative study of relaxation processes of excited species produced in two-laser, two-photon experiments (1989)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Locked generation in a relativistic TWT near the region of cyclotron suppression of parasitic feedback (2013)

This paper describes the results of particle-in-cell simulations demonstrating locked generation in a relativistic TWT when operating near the region of cyclotron absorption, thereby suppressing parasitic feedback.
An Approach of Anti-slip Readhesion Control of Electric Motor Coach Based on First Order Disturbance Observer (2000)

In electric motor coaches, when the adhesion force coefficient between rail and driving wheel decreases suddenly, the electric motor coach has slip phenomena. We have already proposed the anti-slip control system based on ordinary disturbance observer. In order to realize the more stable anti-slip readhesion control in case of large variation of adhesion force coefficient, this paper proposes a new anti-slip readhesion control based on first order disturbance observer and new torque function. In the numerical simulation results in this paper, the proposed anti-slip readhesion control well regulates the driving wheel torque of electric motor coach stably.
Early Pain Relief and Function After Posterior Minimally Invasive and Conventional Total Hip Arthroplasty (2007)

Background: Few prospective randomized studies have demonstrated benefits of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty when compared with conventional total hip arthroplasty. We hypothesized that patients treated with a posterior mini-incision would have better results than those treated with a posterior long incision with regard to the achievement of established goals for pain relief and functional recovery permitting hospital discharge by the second postoperative day. Methods: Sixty of 231 eligible patients were randomized (with thirty in each group) to have a total hip arthroplasty performed through either a posterior mini-incision (10 ± 2 cm) or a traditional long incision (20 ± 2 cm). After completion of the total hip arthroplasty, the mini-incision group underwent extension of the skin incision to 20 cm. Patients were evaluated on the basis of self-determined pain scores, requirements for pain medicine, need for assistive gait devices, and time until discharge. Gait analysis provided objective functional assessment. Results: The average hospital stay was 63.2 ± 13.3 hours in the mini-incision group and 73.6 ± 23.5 hours in the long-incision group (p = 0.04). More patients with a mini-incision were discharged by the second postoperative day (p = 0.003) and more were using just a single assistive device at the time of discharge (p = 0.005). As scored on a verbal analog scale of 0 to 10 points, patients with a mini-incision had less pain on each postoperative day and the pain score remained significantly lower at the time of discharge (mean, 2.2 ± 1.0 points compared with 3.1 ± 0.9 points in the long-incision group; p = 0.002). After hospital discharge, there were no clinical differences in pain or function between the two groups of patients. Conclusions: Compared with conventional total hip arthroplasty performed through a posterior incision, posterior minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty resulted in better early pain control, earlier discharge to home, and less use of assistive devices. Subsequent evaluations at six weeks and three months showed equivalency between the clinical results in the two groups. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An empirical study of file systems on NVM (2015)

Emerging byte-addressable, non-volatile memory like phase-change memory, STT-MRAM, etc. brings persistence at latencies within an order of magnitude of DRAM, thereby motivating their inclusion on the memory bus. According to some recent work on NVM, traditional file systems are ineffective and sub-optimal in accessing data from this low latency media. However, there exists no systematic performance study across different file systems and their various configurations validating this point. In this work, we evaluate the performance of various legacy Linux file systems under various real world workloads on non-volatile memory (NVM) simulated using ramdisk and compare it against NVM optimized file system - PMFS. Our results show that while the default file system configurations are mostly sub-optimal for NVM, these legacy file systems can be tuned using mount and format options to achieve performance that is comparable to NVM-aware file system such as PMFS. Our experiments show that the performance difference between PMFS and ext2/ext3 with execute-in-place (XIP) option is around 5% for many workloads (TPCC and YCSB). Furthermore, based on the learning from our performance study, we present few key file system features such as in-place update layout with XIP, and parallel metadata and data allocations, etc. that could be leveraged by file system designers to improve performance of both legacy and new file systems for NVM.
Conformationally Fixed Chiral Bisphosphine Ligands by Steric Modulators on the Ligand Backbone: Selective Synthesis of Strained 1,2-Disubstituted Chiral cis-Cyclopropanes (2022)

A new series of <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-symmetric P-chirogenic bisphosphine ligands of the type (<i>R</i>)-5,8-<i>Si</i>-Quinox-<i>t</i>Bu<sub>3</sub> (Silyl = SiMe<sub>3</sub>, SiEt<sub>3</sub>, SiMe<sub>2</sub>Ph) have been developed. The bulky silyl modulators attached to the ligand backbone fix the phosphine substituents to form rigid chiral environments that can be used for substrate recognition. The ligand showed high performances for a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric borylative cyclopropanation of bulky silyl-substituted allylic electrophiles to afford higher disfavored 1,2-<i>cis</i>-silyl-boryl-cyclopropanes than the other possible isomers, <i>trans</i>-cyclopropane and allylboronate (up to 97% yield; 98% ee; <i>cis</i>/<i>trans</i> = >99:1; cyclopropane/allylboronate = >99:1). Detailed computational studies suggested that the highly rigid phosphine conformation, which is virtually undisturbed by the steric interactions with the bulky silyl-substituted allyl electrophiles, is key to the high stereo- and product-selectivities. Furthermore, the detailed computational analysis provided insight into the mechanism of the stereoretention or -inversion of the chiral alkylcopper(I) intermediate in the intramolecular cyclization.
Suppression of Serum Luteinizing Hormone in Postmenopausal Women by an Orally Administered Nonpeptide Antagonist of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (NBI-42902) (2007)

Peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists have been widely used for ovarian hyperstimulation, to treat a variety of steroid-dependent diseases, and to suppress levels of gonadal steroids The need for daily injections or an implanted depot is, however, a drawback. Recently a novel nonpeptide GnRH antagonist, NBI-42902, has been developed. It is an orally administered high-affinity nonpeptide antagonist of the human GnRH receptor. In this phase I double-blind, placebo-controlled study, NBI-42902 was administered in the form of an oral solution in a range of doses from 5 to 200 mg. Each of eight doses was given to seven healthy postmenopausal women, all of whom had a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level above 40 IU/liter and a body mass index within 20% of ideal. Single doses of NBI-42902 as high as 200 mg were well-tolerated. The commonest adverse effects were myalgia and headache, occurring in 11% and 9% of subjects, respectively. Baseline levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH were consistent with a hypogonadal state in all 56 subjects. All doses of NBI-42902 rapidly reduced LH levels to an extent that was dose-dependent. Suppression of LH was most evident 4 to 8 hours after dosing. LH levels recovered more rapidly in the lower-dose groups, but women in all groups had regained baseline levels within 24 hours. Maximum change from baseline LH ranged from −19% in the 5-mg group to −55% in subjects given 150 mg. Suppression of FSH levels took longer and was less marked. NBI-42902 was rapidly absorbed, with a terminal elimination half-life ranging from 2.7 to 4.8 hours. Compounds such as NBI-42902, which are orally available, may prove convenient when treating benign gynecological disorders because they are able to suppress gonadotropin levels in an adjustable manner. Side effects such as vasomotor symptoms and bone loss are less frequent than with other GnRH antagonists.
Numerical study of the relationship between growth condition and atomic arrangement of InGaN (2007)

Abstract Monte Carlo simulations of InGaN MOVPE were carried out to investigate the relationship between growth conditions and atomic arrangement in thin films grown on (0001) and (11 $ \bar 2 $ 0). In the case of small input partial pressures of indium, it was found that compositional instability was enhanced during the site exchanging process instead of the adsorption process. Moreover, it was found that compositional fluctuation in thin films grown on (11 $ \bar 2 $ 0) is smaller than that in thin films grown on (0001). This suggests that accumulated stress near the growth surface influences the compositional fluctuation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced electrochemical response of solution‐deposited n‐doping polymer via cocasting with ionic liquid (2012)

Abstract A novel cocasting approach is presented for improving electroactivity of solution‐cast films of conducting polymers. Solutions of the n‐doping polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) were co‐deposited with the ionic liquid electrolyte 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIBTI). The resultant co‐continuous mixture yielded highly porous polymer films (CC‐BBL) upon removal of solvent and EMIBTI. Electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry revealed that the n‐doping process in neat ionic liquid is anion‐dominant, which is contrary to what is observed in dilute electrolyte solutions. The CC‐BBL films exhibit a thirty‐fold increase in initial current response and capacity relative to non‐cocast BBL films. While current response and capacity of the non‐cocast BBL improve with cycling, they level out after 800 cycles at 35% of those of the CC‐BBL. CC‐BBL shows high n‐doping stability; no decrease in electroactivity is seen after 1000 cycles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
FGF2 suppresses neuronogenesis of a cell line derived from rat olfactory epithelium (1997)

Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in the mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE), and both neurons as well as nonneuronal cells are reconstituted following experimental injury. Underlying the capacity of the OE to replenish its mature elements is a population of progenitor basal cells. Although the precise lineage relationships among progenitor and mature cell types are incompletely understood, the population of globose basal cells (GBCs) contains immediate precursors to neurons as well as amplifying progenitors, and retroviral lineage analyses suggest that multipotential GBCs are activated following direct injury to the OE. To assess the controls on the process of epithelial regeneration, we have characterized a cell line derived from rat OE and studied the effects of serum and tissue extracts, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) on the cells. Using a panel of cell type-specific markers whose patterns of labeling in the OE are well defined, including recently developed markers for GBCs, we characterized the phenotype of the cell line under differing culture conditions. In complete medium, which contains serum and tissue extracts, the cell line displayed characteristics of GBCs that are prominent during regeneration. Serum and extract withdrawal induced the cells to differentiate into neurons. In contrast, FGF2 prevented neuronal differentiation and maintained a GBC phenotype. TGF alpha had a mitogenic or differentiative effect that was context dependent. Finally, we demonstrate here that FGF2 is contained in mature olfactory neurons and sustentacular cells in vivo, suggesting a physiologic role for this growth factor in OE cell regulation.
EM Gun Bore Life Experiments at Naval Research Laboratory (2013)

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) performs basic and applied research on high power railguns as part of the US Navy EM Launcher program. The understanding of damage mechanisms as a function of armature and barrel materials, launch parameters, and bore geometry is of primary interest to the development of a viable high power railgun. Research is performed on a 6-m, 1.5-MJ railgun located at NRL. Barrel studies utilize in situ diagnostics coupled with detailed ex situ analysis of rail materials to provide clues to the conditions present during launch. Results are compared with coupled 3-D electromagnetic and mechanical finite element analysis models of railgun operation. Results of several experiments on rail wear will be discussed.
Crystal structure of human Pim-1 kinase in complex with a quinazolinone-pyrrolodihydropyrrolone inhibitor (2018)

Pim kinases are a family of constitutively active serine/threonine kinases that are partially redundant and regulate multiple pathways important for cell growth and survival. In human disease, high expression of the three Pim isoforms has been implicated in the progression of hematopoietic and solid tumor cancers, which suggests that Pim kinase inhibitors could provide patients with therapeutic benefit. Herein, we describe the structure-guided optimization of a series of quinazolinone-pyrrolodihydropyrrolone analogs leading to the identification of potent pan-Pim inhibitor 28 with improved potency, solubility, and drug-like properties. Compound 28 demonstrated on-target Pim activity in an in vivo pharmacodynamic assay with significant inhibition of BAD phosphorylation in KMS-12-BM multiple myeloma tumors for 16 h postdose. In a 2-week mouse xenograft model, daily dosing of compound 28 resulted in 33% tumor regression at 100 mg/kg.
Método molecular para la detección de bacterias productoras de aminas biógenas en alimentos (2008)

17 páginas.-- Presentado en la 5ª Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Seguridad Alimentaria (SESAL), Palma de Mallorca, 2-3 de octubre de 2008.
anti‐Selective SMP‐Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions: Synthesis of Functionalized Amino Acid Derivatives. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Runtime Capture of Multiworkflow Data Using Provenance (2019)

Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) projects are typically developed by multidisciplinary teams. Despite being part of the same project, each team manages its own workflows, using specific execution environments and data processing tools. Analyzing the data processed by all workflows globally is a core task in a CSE project. However, this analysis is hard because the data generated by these workflows are not integrated. In addition, since these workflows may take a long time to execute, data analysis needs to be done at runtime to reduce cost and time of the CSE project. A typical solution in scientific data analysis is to capture and relate the data in a provenance database while the workflows run, thus allowing for data analysis at runtime. However, the main problem is that such data capture competes with the running workflows, adding significant overhead to their execution. To mitigate this problem, we introduce in this paper a system called ProvLake, which adopts design principles for providing efficient distributed data capture from the workflows. While capturing the data, ProvLake logically integrates and ingests them into a provenance database ready for analyses at runtime. We validated ProvLake in a real use case in the O&G industry encompassing four workflows that process 5 TB datasets for a deep learning classifier. Compared with Komadu, the closest solution that meets our goals, our approach enables runtime multiworkflow data analysis with much smaller overhead, such as 0.1%.
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification of the Hf/Al Concentration Ratio in Nano-mixed HfxAlyOz Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (2005)

We have proposed a characteristic method to estimate real composition when multi component oxide films are deposited by ALD. Final atomic concentration ratio was theoretically calculated from the film densities and growth rates for HfO₂and Al₂O₃using ALD processed HfxAlyOz films. We have transformed initial source feeding ratio during deposition to final atomic ratio in HfxAlyOz films through thickness factors (R_(HfO₂) and R_(Al₂O₃)) and concentration factor(C) defined in our experiments. Initial source feeding ratio could be transformed into the thickness ratio by each thickness factor. Final atomic ratio was calculated from thickness ratio by concentration factor. It has been successfully confirmed that the predicted atomic ratio was in good agreement with the actual measured value by ICP-MS analysis.
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in Primary Visual Cortex (2000)

In the primate primary visual cortex (V1), the significance of individual action potentials has been difficult to determine, particularly in light of the considerable trial-to-trial variability of responses to visual stimuli. We show here that the information conveyed by an action potential depends on the duration of the immediately preceding interspike interval (ISI). The interspike intervals can be grouped into several different classes on the basis of reproducible features in the interspike interval histograms. Spikes in different classes bear different relationships to the visual stimulus, both qualitatively (in terms of the average stimulus preceding each spike) and quantitatively (in terms of the amount of information encoded per spike and per second). Spikes preceded by very short intervals (3 msec or less) convey information most efficiently and contribute disproportionately to the overall receptive-field properties of the neuron. Overall, V1 neurons can transmit between 5 and 30 bits of information per second in response to rapidly varying, pseudorandom stimuli, with an efficiency of approximately 25%. Although some (but not all) of our results would be expected from neurons that use a firing-rate code to transmit information, the evidence suggests that visual neurons are well equipped to decode stimulus-related information on the basis of relative spike timing and ISI duration.