gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Methodology to Visualize Biomass Processing Sustainability & Cellulose Nanofiber Product Quality (2022)

One of the key challenges for the industrial translation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) materials is appropriate characterization and evaluation of product quality. Characterization of CNF properties is difficult because direct nanofiber assessment is largely unreliable and unscalable, while indirect characterization is often inaccurate and unable to be generalized across different biomass sources, processing routes, and final product or component formats. In addition, quality is an ambiguous term that is difficult to define, encompassing material performance, processing sustainability, and any aspects impacting economic viability of industrial production, dependent on the application in question. Using existing data on CNF produced from sorghum biomass, we explored the development of versatile statistical methodologies as a framework to investigate quality and sustainability, including: (a) a novel visualization tool for the evaluationof biomass processing sustainability (Processing Sustainability Triangle); (b) correlation analysis of biomass chemical composition with metrics relating to processing sustainability and nanopaper performance; and (c) an application-tunable Quality Ranking methodology based on a user-defined definition, as built through structural equation modeling. Versatility of the framework allows researchers and technologists to map the statistical methodology onto their experimental system of interest, enhancing data analysis through visualization. Ultimately,more sophisticated techniques for evaluation of product quality and processing sustainability will assist researchers to elucidate relationships in biomass-derived materialperformance and advance the industrial translation of CNF products.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Aza and Fluorine‐Substituted 3‐(Piperidin‐4‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d][1,3]diazepin‐2(3H)‐ones. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TKA Salvage: The End Game When Reimplantation Won't Work (1999)

Problems After Knee Arthroplasty: "Things That Go Bump in the Night"
Large area lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) of gallium nitride (GAN) thin films on silicon substrates and their characterization. Final report 1 March--30 September 99 (1999)

Pendeo-epitaxial lateral growth (PE) of GaN epilayers on (0001) 6H-silicon carbide and (111) Si substrates has been achieved. Growth on the latter substrate was accomplished through the use of a 3C-SiC transition layer. The coalesced PE GaN epilayers were characterized using scanning electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The regions of lateral growth exhibited {approximately} 0.2 deg crystallographic tilt relative to the seed layer. The GaN seed and PE epilayers grown on the 3C-SiC/Si substrates exhibited comparable optical characteristics to the GaN seed and PE grown on 6H- SiC substrates. The near band-edge emission of the GaN/3C-SiC/Si seed was 3.450 eV (FWHM approx. 19 meV) and the GaN/6H-SiC seed was 3.466 eV (FWHM approx. 4 meV).
Stretchable active matrix of oxide thin-film transistors with monolithic liquid metal interconnects (2018)

We demonstrate a new process scheme for fabricating stretchable active matrices of oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs), where TFTs and cross points of two metal layers on stiff islands are monolithically integrated with gallium-based liquid metal interconnects within an elastomeric matrix. As the liquid metal interconnects are formed by a photolithography-based technique compatible with conventional flexible circuit technology, this approach can provide high integration density and mechanical durability as required in stretchable displays or electronic skins. We have fabricated a 4 × 4 active matrix of oxide TFTs within a 20 × 20 mm2 area, which provides stable operation up to 40% of stretching.
Assessment of fiber optic sensors and other advanced sensing technologies for nuclear power plants (1996)

As a result of problems such as calibration drift in nuclear plant pressure sensors and the recent oil loss syndrome in some models of Rosemount pressure transmitters, the nuclear industry has become interested in fiber optic pressure sensors. Fiber optic sensing technologies have been considered for the development of advanced instrumentation and control (I&C) systems for the next generation of reactors and in older plants which are retrofitted with new I&C systems. This paper presents the results of a six-month Phase I study to establish the state-of-the-art in fiber optic pressure sensing. This study involved a literature review, contact with experts in the field, an industrial survey, a site visit to a fiber optic sensor manufacturer, and laboratory testing of a fiber optic pressure sensor. The laboratory work involved both static and dynamic performance tests. This initial Phase I study has recently been granted a two-year extension by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The next phase will evaluate fiber optic pressure sensors in specific nuclear plant applications in addition to other advanced methods for monitoring critical nuclear plant equipment.
Fabrication of Finely Pitched LYSO Arrays Using Subsurface Laser Engraving Technique with Picosecond and Nanosecond Pulse Lasers (2014)

We propose to adopt the subsurface laser engraving (SSLE) technique for efficient and precise fabrication of finely pitched scintillation crystal arrays. However, its application to thicker crystals is still challenging. It is difficult to focus the laser beam tightly at a point far from the crystal's surface because of the large refractive index of the scintillator. Therefore, a higher laser energy is needed to create microcracks at deep positions in the crystal. Because this would cause excessive damage to the scintillation crystal during laser scans, the process yield of SSLE is reduced. We found that this issue could be overcome by a novel SSLE technique using both picosecond (ps) and nanosecond (ns) pulse lasers. The experimental results indicated that the total laser energy required for creating microcrack walls in a LYSO crystal can be reduced compared to that of conventional SSLE using only a ns pulse laser. The SSLE technique using both ps and ns pulse lasers would enable the fabrication of finely pitched LYSO arrays with a higher process yield.
The Nematode Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing, G Protein-Coupled Receptor (LGR) Protein Homologous to Vertebrate Gonadotropin and Thyrotropin Receptors is Constitutively Activated in Mammalian Cells (2000)

The receptors for LH, FSH, and TSH belong to the large G protein-coupled, seven-transmembrane protein family and are unique in having a large N-terminal extracellular (ecto-) domain containing leucine-rich repeats important for interactions with the large glycoprotein hormone ligands. Recent studies indicated the evolution of an expanding family of homologous leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptors (LGRs), including the three known glycoprotein hormone receptors; mammalian LGR4 and LGR5; and LGRs in sea anemone, fly, and snail. We isolated nematode LGR cDNA and characterized its gene from the Caenorhabditis elegans genome. This receptor cDNA encodes 929 amino acids consisting of a signal peptide for membrane insertion, an ectodomain with nine leucine-rich repeats, a seven-TM region, and a long C-terminal tail. The nematode LGR has five potential N-linked glycosylation sites in its ectodomain and multiple consensus phosphorylation sites for protein kinase A and C in the cytoplasmic loop and C tail. The nematode receptor gene has 13 exons; its TM region and C tail, unlike mammalian glycoprotein hormone receptors, are encoded by multiple exons. Sequence alignments showed that the TM region of the nematode receptor has 30% identity and 50% similarity to the same region in mammalian glycoprotein hormone receptors. Although human 293T cells expressing the nematode LGR protein do not respond to human glycoprotein hormones, these cells exhibited major increases in basal cAMP production in the absence of ligand stimulation, reaching levels comparable to those in cells expressing a constitutively activated mutant human LH receptor found in patients with familial male-limited precocious puberty. Analysis of cAMP production mediated by chimeric receptors further indicated that the ectodomain and TM region of the nematode LGR and human LH receptor are interchangeable and the TM region of the nematode LGR is responsible for constitutive receptor activation. Thus, the identification and characterization of the nematode receptor provides the basis for understanding the evolutionary relationship of diverse LGRs and for future analysis of mechanisms underlying the activation of glycoprotein hormone receptors and related LGRs.
Clinical Measles after Measles Virus Challenge in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Measles Virus–Vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys (2007)

Understanding the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the clinical manifestations and kinetics of measles virus (MV) replication in MV-vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals is important for developing successful vaccine strategies for measles eradication. To model the pathogenesis of MV infection in MV-vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals infected with HIV, previously vaccinated and unvaccinated rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were challenged with MV and monitored for clinical, virologic, and immunologic sequelae of infection. The magnitude and duration of MV viremia were unchanged by SIV infection. Nevertheless, clinical manifestations of MV infection were altered in animals with significant CD4(+) T lymphocyte loss. Importantly, 2 of the 3 SIV-infected monkeys with high titers of vaccine-induced MV-neutralizing antibody developed clinical evidence of MV infection. Thus, in this experimental animal model, a high-titer vaccine-induced MV-neutralizing antibody response does not protect against clinical manifestations of measles in the setting of a chronic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus infection.
The transport properties of polyimide isomers containing hexafluoroisopropylidene in the diamine residue (1994)

Abstract The effect of modification of the central moiety of the dianhydride residue and isomerism on the gas transport and physical properties were compared for six polyimides containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene group in the diamine residue. Substitution of bulkier groups within the dianhydride residue resulted in disruption of chain packing and slight increases in resistance to chain motions which led to an increase in permeability with little loss in selectivity. The permeabilities and diffusivities in the meta connected polyimide isomers were considerably lower than in the para connected polyimide isomers. Similarly, the permselectivities in the meta connected isomers were consistently higher than in the para connected isomers. These lower permeabilities and higher permselectivities were a result of the more dense packing and a significant suppression of small scale motions in the meta connected isomers. The suppression of segmental mobility in the meta connected isomers was indicated by an increase in the sub Tg transition temperatures in these materials relative to the para connected isomers. The differences in transport properties for these polyimides were attributed to contributions by several factors, including: (1) total free volume (2) distribution of free volume (3) intersegmental resistance to chain motions, and (4) intrasegmental resistance to chain motions. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Synchronization of coupled microresonator frequency combs (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate passive synchronization of microresonator-based optical frequency combs. By injecting a small fraction of the light from one microresonator to the other, we frequency-lock two combs separated by over 20 m.
Homogeneous Tubular‐Flow Process for Monoolein Preparation (2015)

Abstract Esterification of fatty acids with glycerol is characterized by negligible solubility of the two liquid phases. The reactions to mono‐, di‐ and triglycerides taking place in the fatty acid phase, are limited by chemical equilibrium. The scope of this study is to investigate in a tubular reactor the conversion of a homogeneous mixture of oleic acid and glycerol in tert ‐butanol. The liquid composition in this study was 1 mol of oleic acid, 6 mol of glycerol and 14 mol of tert ‐butanol. Experiments were conducted in a tubular reactor at 35 atm over a temperature range of 200–240 °C and residence times of 0.7–17.6 h to determine the kinetics and the chemical equilibrium. The selectivity to monoolein was &gt;95 mol %. A reversible second order reaction fits the data well.
Recovery of Blood Flow From Undersampled Photoacoustic Microscopy Data Using Sparse Modeling (2021)

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) leverages the optical absorption contrast of blood hemoglobin for high-resolution, multi-parametric imaging of the microvasculature in vivo. However, to quantify the blood flow speed, dense spatial sampling is required to assess blood flow-induced loss of correlation of sequentially acquired A-line signals, resulting in increased laser pulse repetition rate and consequently optical fluence. To address this issue, we have developed a sparse modeling approach for blood flow quantification based on downsampled PAM data. Evaluation of its performance both in vitro and in vivo shows that this sparse modeling method can accurately recover the substantially downsampled data (up to 8 times) for correlation-based blood flow analysis, with a relative error of 12.7 ± 6.1 % across 10 datasets in vitro and 12.7 ± 12.1 % in vivo for data downsampled 8 times. Reconstruction with the proposed method is on par with recovery using compressive sensing, which exhibits an error of 12.0 ± 7.9 % in vitro and 33.86 ± 26.18 % in vivo for data downsampled 8 times. Both methods outperform bicubic interpolation, which shows an error of 15.95 ± 9.85 % in vitro and 110.7 ± 87.1 % in vivo for data downsampled 8 times.
Erratum: Self-calibrating measurement of polarization-dependent frequency shifts from Rb-He3 collisions [Phys. Rev. A 49, 2766 (1994)] (2021)

Received 30 November 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.104.069904©2021 American Physical Society
Computer assisted enhancement of mammograms for detection of microcalcifications (2002)

The presence of microcalcifications in mammograms provides an early indication of possible breast cancer. Because of the difficulty associated with visual identification of microcalcifications and the large volume of mammograms read per day, the radiologist stands a good chance of missing some small microcalcification clusters. Although several computer-assisted programs have been developed for the automatic detection of microcalcifications in mammograms, they often generate too many false positives. This paper presents a computer-assisted enhancement technique which is capable of coping with false positive samples. More specifically, a general-purpose clustering algorithm, called Issac (Interactive Selective and Adaptive Clustering), has been developed which achieves a compromise between sensitivity and generalization attributes of existing clustering algorithms. Issac comprises two parts: (i) selective clustering and (ii) interactive adaptation. The first part reduces the number of false positives by identifying sensitive sample domains in the feature space. The second part allows the radiologist to improve results by interactively identifying additional false positive or true negative samples. The clinical evaluation of the results has indicated that the developed enhancement technique has the potential of being an effective mechanism to bring microcalcification areas to the attention of the radiologist during a routine reading session of mammograms. Further clinical evaluation is being carried out for the purpose of full-scale clinical deployment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A six-wafer combustion system for a silicon micro gas turbine engine (2000)

As part of a program to develop a micro gas turbine engine capable of producing 10-50 W of electrical power in a package less than one cubic centimeter in volume, we present the design, fabrication, packaging, and experimental test results for the 6-wafer combustion system for a silicon microengine. Comprising the main nonrotating functional components of the engine, the device described measures 2.1 cm/spl times/2.1 cm/spl times/0.38 cm and is largely fabricated by deep reactive ion etching through a total thickness of 3800 /spl mu/m. Complete with a set of fuel plenums, pressure ports, fuel injectors, igniters, fluidic interconnects, and compressor and turbine static airfoils, this structure is the first demonstration of the complete hot flow path of a multilevel micro gas turbine engine. The 0.195 cm/sup 3/ combustion chamber is shown to sustain a stable hydrogen flame over a range of operating mass flows and fuel-air mixture ratios and to produce exit gas temperatures in excess of 1600 K. It also serves as the first experimental demonstration of stable hydrocarbon microcombustion within the structural constraints of silicon. Combined with longevity tests at elevated temperatures for tens of hours, these results demonstrate the viability of a silicon-based combustion system for micro heat engine applications.
The long‐term survival of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant with basiliximab induction therapy (2007)

Interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) antibody has emerged as an attractive induction therapy for organ transplant. However, the long-term outcome of basiliximab induction in simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant remains speculative. We retrospectively analyzed the long-term survivals of 91 consecutive SPK recipients with basiliximab as induction, combination of steroid, tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate acid (MFA)--either mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or sodium mycophenolate (myfortic) as maintenance. At one, three, five, and seven-yr, the actual patient survival rate were 91.2%, 90.3%, 88.1%, and 88.2%, respectively; kidney graft survivals were 90.1%, 84.7%, 78.6%, and 70.6%, respectively; and pancreas graft survivals were 86.8%, 80.6%, 71.4%, and 58.8% respectively. There was a low incidence of rejection and CMV infection. Basiliximab induction with TAC, MFA, and steroid maintenance therapy can provide excellent long-term outcome for SPK recipients.
ATSC 3.0 for Future Broadcasting: Features and Extensibility (2020)

A recent development of Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 has made over-the-air services of a 4K ultra-high-definition and a simultaneous multiple high-definition soft-landed to reality. However, ATSC 3.0 is in essence designed to be forward compatible, and is hence able to provide better extensible features to enrich the next media era beyond this initial deployment. This paper introduces several selected features of ATSC 3.0 that could play a prominent role in the near future. This investigation encompasses the optional technologies defined in ATSC 3.0 physical-layer which can improve single frequency network integrity, enable additional features in other domains, or further widen the throughput capability. Majorly focused on the extensibility of ATSC 3.0, we also elaborate on possible inter-network cooperation with broadband and cellular systems.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Dimethylaluminum N′,N′‐Dimethylhydrazide: A New and Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of N,N‐Dimethylhydrazones and N‐ Unsubstituted Hydrazones. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimization of a LSO-Based Detector Module for Time-of-Flight PET (2010)

We have explored methods for optimizing the timing resolution of an LSO-based detector module for a single-ring, "demonstration" time-of-flight PET camera. By maximizing the area that couples the scintillator to the PMT and minimizing the average path length that the scintillation photons travel, a single detector timing resolution of 218 ps fwhm is measured, which is considerably better than the ~385 ps fwhm obtained by commercial LSO or LYSO TOF detector modules. We explored different surface treatments (saw-cut, mechanically polished, and chemically etched) and reflector materials (Teflon tape, ESR, Lumirror, Melinex, white epoxy, and white paint), and found that for our geometry, a chemically etched surface had 5% better timing resolution than the saw-cut or mechanically polished surfaces, and while there was little dependence on the timing resolution between the various reflectors, white paint and white epoxy were a few percent better. Adding co-dopants to LSO shortened the decay time from 40 ns to ~30 ns but maintained the same or higher total light output. This increased the initial photoelectron rate and so improved the timing resolution by 15%. Using photomultiplier tubes with higher quantum efficiency (blue sensitivity index of 13.5 rather than 12) improved the timing resolution by an additional 5%. By choosing the optimum surface treatment (chemically etched), reflector (white paint), LSO composition (co-doped), and PMT (13.5 blue sensitivity index), the coincidence timing resolution of our detector module was reduced from 309 ps to 220 ps fwhm.
Identification of epitope recognized by an anti-c-myc monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with E. coli sigma factor using phage display libraries (1996)

These data demonstrated that the 90-kDa protein cross-reactive with MYC-X-5/1 is the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase. Furthermore, this study shows that random peptide libraries displayed on filamentous phage are useful tools for epitope mapping and defining cross-reactivities of monoclonal antibodies.
Simulating capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) using field II (2010)

Field II has been a recognized simulation tool for piezoceramic medical transducer arrays for more than a decade. The program has its strength in doing fast computations of the spatial impulse response (SIR) from array elements by dividing the elements into smaller mathematical elements (ME)s from which it calculates the SIR responses. The program features predefined models for classical transducer geometries, but currently none for the fast advancing CMUTs. This work addresses the assumptions required for modeling CMUTs with Field II. It is shown that rectangular array elements, populated with cells, can be well approximated by neglecting the cells. Further, it is demonstrated that scaling of the SIR translates into better computational efficiency.