gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AB68. Novel regulators of testosterone production (2014)

In recent years, interest in testosterone replacement therapy for the management of male hypogonadism has grown significantly. This development has paralleled increased public awareness of the signs and symptoms of hypogonadism (also known as low T or low serum testosterone) and the opportunity to address this problem with therapeutic interventions. Conventionally, medical treatment of hypogonadism has been met with various formulations of exogenous testosterone therapies, albeit such therapies do carry limitations. Limitations range from challenges with therapeutic delivery to possible adverse effects. As understanding has grown with respect to regulatory mechanisms of testosterone production and possible new targets for endogenous production of testosterone, new avenues are opening for consideration of therapy particularly in males with primary hypogonadism (low intratesticular testosterone, high serum luteinizing hormone (LH) with low serum testosterone). Several novel molecular pathways have received interest recently as potential pharmacologic targets to increase Leydig cell testosterone production. These pathways and/or signaling molecules include phosphodiesterases, the cholesterol translocator protein, the electron transport chain of mitochondria, cyclooxygenases and osteocalcin. The advantages of these new targets are suggested to be: (I) maintain an intratesticular testosterone environment that allows /promotes normal spermatogenesis, (II) avoid side effects of exogenous testosterone supplementation, and (III) maintain the negative feedback mechanism of luteinizing hormone (LH) that prevents testosterone levels from becoming supratherapeutic. These novel options are perceived to offer a more targeted and efficacious approach than other suggested interventions to stimulate Leydig cell testosterone production in individuals with primary hypogonadism, such as exogenous LH, human chorionic gonadotropin, and clomiphene, which all act conventionally through the LH receptor. The proposed novel targets offer opportunities to promote increased endogenous testosterone production through the Leydig cell directly without reliance upon functional LH receptors. This approach may involve the application of small molecules, dietary supplements, or even currently available FDA- approved medications, that may exploit newly refined understanding of signaling pathways at the Leydig cell level. It will be of interest to study all of these potential therapeutic prospects further both with careful animal model experimentation and subsequently in human clinical trials.
Specificity of Translation for N-Alkyl Amino Acids (2007)

We examine the specificity of translation for various primary and secondary amino acid analogues. A synthetase-free, pure, E. coli translation system is used to prevent competing reactions, and three different tRNA adaptor:codon pairs are used to control for tRNA- and codon-specific effects. Surprisingly, N-butyl amino acids fail to incorporate, N-methyl amino acid incorporation efficiencies are dependent on the tRNA adaptor, yet hydroxyPro, Pro, Phe, and Ala incorporate near quantitatively from all adaptors. This suggests that Pro is a privileged N-alkyl amino acid for incorporation by the translation apparatus and establishes that very efficient N-methyl amino acid incorporation is possible if matched with an optimal tRNA adaptor. Results support exploration of Pro analogues and N-methyl amino acids as substrates for engineering ribosomal synthesis of genetically selectable libraries of protease-resistant, N-alkyl peptide ligands.
The Human Cathelicidin, LL-37, Induces Granzyme-mediated Apoptosis in Regulatory T Cells (2011)

LL-37 is a human cationic host defense peptide (antimicrobial peptide) belonging to the cathelicidin family of peptides. In this study, LL-37 was shown to kill stimulated and nonstimulated CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells (regulatory T cells; Tregs) through apoptosis, while having no cytotoxic effect on CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells at the same LL-37 concentrations. Of interest, Tregs were much more sensitive to LL-37 than many other cells, dying at 10-fold lower concentrations than other cell types tested. LL-37 exposure resulted in DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation, all indicative of an apoptotic form of cell death. The importance of granzyme family members in the apoptosis of Tregs after LL-37 treatment was analyzed by using C57Bl/6 lymphocytes obtained from mice that were homozygous for null mutations in the granzyme B gene, and both the granzyme A and B genes. Granzyme A and granzyme B were both shown to play a role in LL-37-induced apoptosis of Tregs. Further analysis showed that apoptosis occurred primarily through caspase-dependent apoptosis at high LL-37 concentrations. However, grA-dependent/caspase-independent cell death was also observed. This suggests that LL-37 induces apoptosis in Tregs through multiple different mechanisms, initiated by the LL-37-induced leakage of granzymes from cytolytic granules. Our results imply that LL-37 administered at the site of a tumor could influence the adaptive antitumor immune response by killing Tregs and thus inhibiting their suppressor activity.
SensorlessEstimation ofAirgap inaMagnetically Levitated (MagLev) System (2006)

Thispaper investigates theelectromagnetic and dynamicanalysis ofa magnetically levitated (MagLev) system. A simpleexperiment illustrating the principles of electromagnetic suspension (EMS)isdescribed andsimulation results are given. Finite element analysis hasbeendoneto determine levitation forces andmagnetic fluxusedforsystem modeling. Thistypeoflevitation isunstable without the feedbackcontrol therefore a robustcontroller hasbeen proposed tomaintain theairgap between thebodyinmotion andguideway. Various controller design methods areevaluated forthisnon-linear modelandresults havenbeencompared. A sensorless methodology hasalsobeenproposed toestimate the airgap.
Quantification assay for the major allergen of cupressus sempervirens pollen, cup s 1, by sandwich elisa (2004)

The assay described is sensitive, specific and reproducible for the quantification of Cup s 1 in C. sempervirens pollen extracts for clinical use. This ELISA could also be useful for other Cupressaceae-related pollen extracts.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction in the Nucleophilic Addition to η6‐Arene‐ tricarbonyl‐chromium(0) Complexes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards capturing representative AS-level Internet topologies (2002)

Recent studies concerning the Internet connectivity at the AS level have attracted considerable attention.These studies have exclusively relied on the BGP data from Oregon route-views [1] to derive some unexpected and intriguing results.The Oregon route-views data sets reflect AS peering relationships, as reported by BGP, seen from a handful of vantage points in the global Internet.The possibility that these data sets from Oregon route-views may provide only a very sketchy picture of the complete inter-AS connections that exist in the actual Internet has received surprisingly little scrutiny.In this paper, we will use the term "AS peering relationship" to mean that there is "at least one direct router-level connection" between two existing ASs, and that these two ASs agree to exchange traffic by enabling BGP between them.By augmenting the Oregon route-views data sets with BGP summary information from a large number of Internet Looking Glass sites and with routing policy information from Internet Routing Registry (IRR) databases, we find that (1) a significant number of existing AS connections remain hidden from most BGP routing tables, (2) the AS connections to tier-1 ASs are in general more easily observed than those to non tier-1 ASs, and (3) there are at least about 25-50% more AS connections in the Internet than commonly-used BGP-derived AS maps reveal (but only about 2% more ASs).These findings point out the need for an increased awareness of and a more critical attitude toward the applicability and completeness of given data sets at hand when establishing the generality of any particular observations about the Internet.
Direct Fabrication of a-Si:H Thin Film Transistor Arrays on Flexible Plastic Film and Metal Foil Substrates: Critical Challenges and Enabling Solutions (2008)

In this paper we describe solutions to effectively address critical challenges in direct fabrication of amorphous silicon thin film transistor (TFTs) arrays for active matrix flexible displays. For both metal foil and plastic flexible substrates a manufacturable handling protocol in automated display-scale equipment is required. We have successfully demonstrated a temporary bonding protocol that required development of new enabling materials, tools and processes. For metal foil substrates, the principal challenges are planarization and electrical isolation, and management of stress (CTE mismatch) during TFT fabrication. For plastic substrates, the principal challenges are dimensional instability management in conjunction with manufacturing-ready temporary adhesives. Solutions required a systems-level approach to address the challenges of the substrates and their handling simultaneously.
Analysis of Massive MIMO With Hardware Impairments and Different Channel Models (2015)

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is foreseen to be one of the main technology components in next generation cellular communications (5G). In this paper, fundamental limits on the performance of downlink massive MIMO systems are investigated by means of simulations and analytical analysis. Signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) and sum rate for a single-cell scenario multi-user MIMO are analyzed for different array sizes, channel models, and precoding schemes. The impact of hardware impairments on performance is also investigated. Simple approximations are derived that show explicitly how the number of antennas, number of served users, transmit power, and magnitude of hardware impairments affect performance.
Assessment of mode of delivery and predictors of emergency caesarean section among women living withHIVin a matched‐pair setting with women from the general population in Denmark, 2002−2014 (2017)

Increasing numbers of WLWH deliver vaginally. Despite virological suppression, more WLWH plan and deliver by ECS than WGP. WLWH had a twofold higher risk of EmCS compared with WGP.
Radiochemical Comparisons on Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Uranium (2009)

The discovery of nuclear fission by Otto Hahn and Friedrich Strassmann was based on a very rare microanalytical result that provided the first realization that neutrons could fission uranium. However, this was only the beginning of many discoveries about this complex process. An analogy related to the discovery of low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) is noted here. It is remarkable that the reaction product distribution measured in LENR experiments using thin-film palladium/nickel electrodes heavily loaded with either hydrogen or deuterium has a strong similarity to the element distribution from uranium fission. Thus, the LENR reaction process is hypothesized to pass through a heavy complex nucleus similar to the fission process in uranium. Further, a detailed structure is observed in the LENR distribution corresponding to the Maruhn-Greiner local maximum of the distribution within the large-scale minimum of the fission product distribution curve. This observation leads to the proposed explanation that the fissioning compound nucleus in the LENR case is element 306X126 with double magic numbers. A major difference, however, is that in uranium fission the compound nucleus arises after single-neutron absorption, whereas in LENR a multi-body process is needed to create the heavy complex nucleus. Indeed, subsequent analysis of the various observations associated with these LENR experiments suggests that the multi-body reaction involved follows from the formation of Bose-Einstein condensed clusters formed in dislocation void regions in the electrode. Consequences and proposed future studies based on this cluster conjecture are discussed.
Optimization Model for Headway of a Suburban Bus Route (2014)

Due to relatively low passenger demand, headways of suburban bus route are usually longer than those of urban bus route. Actually it is also difficult to balance the benefits between passengers and operators, subject to the service standards from the government. Hence the headway of a suburban bus route is usually determined on the empirical experience of transport planners. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes an optimization model for designing the headways of suburban bus routes by minimizing the operating and user costs. The user costs take into account both the waiting time cost and the crowding cost. The feasibility and validity of the proposed model are shown by applying it to the Route 206 in Jiangning district, Nanjing city of China. Weightages of passengers’ cost and operating cost are further discussed, considering different passenger flows. It is found that the headway and objective function are affected by the weightages largely.
Electron tunneling through proteins (2003)

Electron transfer processes are vital elements of energy transduction pathways in living cells. More than a half century of research has produced a remarkably detailed understanding of the factors that regulate these 'currents of life'. We review investigations of Ru-modified proteins that have delineated the distance- and driving-force dependences of intra-protein electron-transfer rates. We also discuss electron transfer across protein-protein interfaces that has been probed both in solution and in structurally characterized crystals. It is now clear that electrons tunnel between sites in biological redox chains, and that protein structures tune thermodynamic properties and electronic coupling interactions to facilitate these reactions. Our work has produced an experimentally validated timetable for electron tunneling across specified distances in proteins. Many electron tunneling rates in cytochrome c oxidase and photosynthetic reaction centers agree well with timetable predictions, indicating that the natural reactions are highly optimized, both in terms of thermodynamics and electronic coupling. The rates of some reactions, however, significantly exceed timetable predictions: it is likely that multistep tunneling is responsible for these anomalously rapid charge transfer events.
Comparative Methods for the Analysis of Cluster Randomized Trials (2021)

Across research disciplines, cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are commonly implemented to evaluate interventions delivered to groups of participants, such as communities and clinics. Despite advances in the design and analysis of CRTs, several challenges remain. First, there are many possible ways to specify the intervention effect (e.g., at the individual-level or at the cluster-level). Second, the theoretical and practical performance of common methods for CRT analysis remain poorly understood. Here, we use causal models to formally define an array of causal effects as summary measures of counterfactual outcomes. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of well-known CRT estimators, including the t-test and generalized estimating equations (GEE), as well as less known methods, including augmented-GEE and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). In finite sample simulations, we illustrate the performance of these estimators and the importance of effect specification, especially when cluster size varies. Finally, our application to data from the Preterm Birth Initiative (PTBi) study demonstrates the real-world importance of selecting an analytic approach corresponding to the research question. Given its flexibility to estimate a variety of effects and ability to adaptively adjust for covariates for precision gains while maintaining Type-I error control, we conclude TMLE is a promising tool for CRT analysis.
Predicting treatment response for the safe non-operative management of patients with rectal cancer using an MRI-based deep-learning model. (2023)

e15648 Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery has been the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Surgery, while effective in treating rectal cancer, can lead to significant long-term morbidity, such as bowel, urinary, and sexual dysfunction, and potential dependence on a colostomy for evacuation. A pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant CRT suggests that TME surgery may not be necessary, as the tumor may have been effectively treated with CRT alone. However, the only definitive determination of pCR is based on a pathologic exam, which requires a surgical specimen. By comparing pre- and post-CRT images, clinical complete response (cCR) is a surrogate for pCR that does not require surgery. However, cCR is a poor proxy for pCR, with sensitivity and positive predictive values of 34.1% and 30.6% respectively 1 . Purpose: Our aim is to develop a multiparametric longitudinal MRI-based 3D deep-learning model to predict pCR in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: We identified 360 patients with rectal cancer who had neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical resection between January 2012 and December 2021 in an academic medical center. We have classified patients into two groups based on the presence or absence of pCR in their resected tumor specimen. We will train and validate a multiparametric longitudinal MRI-based 3D deep-learning model to predict pCR. Our model will use T1-weighted, T2-weighted with and without contrast, and/or diffusion-weighted MRIs before and after neoadjuvant CRT to predict pCR. Using multiparametric MRIs offers a comprehensive understanding of the tumor and surrounding tissue, and including longitudinal MRIs will provide valuable information on the impact of treatment. To assess the performance of the model, we will use receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis as well as positive and negative predictive values to evaluate its ability to predict pCR. Preliminary Results: Among 360 patients, 227 (63.1%) were male, 187 (51.9%) were Non-White, and the average age was 58.7 (SD of 13.3) years. The surgical pathology reports showed that 44 (12.2%) patients had achieved a pCR, while the visual assessment of post-CRT MRIs revealed that 49 (13.6%) had achieved a cCR. 1. Liu, C. et al. Predictive Value of Clinical Complete Response after Chemoradiation for Rectal Cancer. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 235, S51–S52 (2022).
An electrochemically exfoliated graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of nicotine (2021)

Electro-polymerized PEDOT film on a graphene-modified electrode is demonstrated as a selective electrochemical nicotine sensor. Nicotine was detected with high selectivity and a real sample analysis was carried out.
Performance Measurement in Segment Routing Networks (2017)

RFC 6374 specifies protocol mechanisms to enable the efficient and
accurate measurement of packet loss, one-way and two-way delay, as
well as related metrics such as delay variation and channel throughput
in MPLS networks. This document describes how these mechanisms can be
used for performance measurements in Segment Routing with MPLS data
plane (SR-MPLS) networks. The document also specifies how similar
mechanisms can be used for performance measurement in Segment Routing
with IPv6 data plane (SRv6) networks.
Exercise and cardioprotection (2002)

A wealth of data indicates that performing regular exercise is an important lifestyle modification to prevent cardiovascular disease. Although not fully understood, the cardioprotection by regular exercise may be exerted synergistically through improvement in many risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Just as important are the direct effects of exercise on the myocardium, resulting in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Cardioprotective countermeasures against myocardial I-R injury may include the development of collateral coronary arteries, induction of myocardial heat shock proteins, and improved cardiac antioxidant capacity. Improving our understanding of the molecular basis for exercise-induced cardioprotection will play an important role in developing optimal exercise interventions to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
On The Throughput-Reliability Tradeoff for Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Systems (2013)

This paper investigates the throughput-reliability tradeoff (TRT) for dual-hop amplify-and-forward relay systems with one source, one destination, and multiple relays, and its relationship with the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). The TRT was proposed in the context of MIMO block fading channels to reveal the interplay between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), rate R, and outage probability that are not accessible through the DMT. The contributions of this paper include the calculation of the TRT expressions for two classes of amplify-and-forward protocols: the slotted amplify-and-forward and the non-orthogonal amplify-and-forward. Based on the derived expressions, relationships between the SNR, rate and outage probability are explored. The relationship between the TRT and the DMT is investigated. One of the goals of the TRT is to predict the slope and offset of the outage vs. SNR set of curves parameterized by different rates. We verify the accuracy of the TRT predictions in the context of amplify-and-forward relays.
Dictionary based image enhancement for integrated circuit imaging (2013)

The rapid decrease in the dimensions of integrated circuits has necessitated corresponding higher-resolution methods for defect imaging. Current state of the art, defect imaging systems are reaching the limits of their resolution. In this work, we are proposing a new overcomplete dictionary based sparse signal imaging framework to improve the resolution and localization in confocal microscopy systems for backside optical integrated circuit defect imaging. The domain of integrated circuit imaging is particularly suitable for the application of overcomplete dictionaries in an image reconstruction framework because the images are highly structured, containing predictable building blocks derivable from the corresponding computer aided design layouts. This structure provides a strong and natural a-priori dictionary for scene reconstruction. This dictionary prior is coupled with a physically-based observation model to create enhanced scene reconstructions. The approach is described and results on simulated data are provided.
Catalizador de acilación ITQ-7 (2003)

Referencia OEPM: P200001361.-- Fecha de solicitud: 16/06/2002.-- Titulares: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).