gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for Peer-to-Peer Group Management using Multiple Overlays (2009)

This document introduces a mechanism for managing peer groups in
structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks. Group management
enables efficient and secure interaction between the group members
(peers), by controlling the scope of propagation for the group-
specific P2P messaging and other communications. The mechanism for
group management, introduced in this document, is based on a multiple-
overlay scheme. Each group is a separate overlay network with its own
address space, resources, and message routing information. A common
overlay is used for sharing information about the group overlays (sub-
overlays).
Nanotechnology and Mri Contrast Enhancement (2010)

Technical advances in nanotechnology are creating novel classes of MRI contrast-enhancing agents. These nanomaterials offer much higher relaxivities than most current clinical contrast agents, which translates into greater MRI contrast enhancement. These nanoscale agents also have the potential to revolutionize in vivo applications of contrast-enhanced MRI since they offer the multiple advantages of low toxicities, extremely high relaxivities and cell internalization capabilities. In this review, we discuss three types of such contrast agents currently in use or under development for medical imaging: small particles of iron oxide, fullerenes encapsulating Gd(3+) ions (gadofullerenes) and single-walled carbon nanotube nanocapsules encapsulating Gd(3+) ion clusters (gadonanotubes). The latest developments and projected future applications of these nanotechnology-inspired contrast agents in the field of medical imaging are also discussed.
Variability of Skin Autofluorescence Measurement Over 6 and 12 Weeks and the Influence of Benfotiamine Treatment (2013)

In patients with T2DM, repeated, timely spaced SAF measurements have an intra-subject variability of below 11%. Using these data, sample sizes were calculated for interventional studies aiming at reducing SAF. Benfotiamine treatment for 6 weeks did not significantly influence SAF; for this, a longer-term therapy is probably needed.
Impact of depressiveness on disease-specific quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic otitis media (2019)

Patients with chronic otitis media (COM) suffer from otorrhoea und hardness of hearing. Spreading over many years and frequently including mutiple surgeries, the course of disease restricts the quality of life of the affected patients. The impact of mental health on disease-spezific QoL has not been researched so far regarding the objectified ear symptoms.
Semisynthesis and biological activity of porcine [LeuB24]insulin and [LeuB25]insulin. (1980)

Two analogs of porcine insulin with substitutions of leucine for phenylalanine in the COOH-terminal region of the insulin B chain have been prepared by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and semisynthesis. Solid-phase synthesis of the substituted octapeptides B23-B30 bearing the trifluoracetyl group on lysine-B29, enzymatic coupling of the octapeptides to bis(tertiary-butyloxycarbonyl)desoctapeptide insulin by trypsin, and deprotection of the corresponding adducts in formic acid and piperidine resulted in two insulin derivatives, one with leucine at position B24 and the other with leucine at position B25. These analogs had only about 10% and 1%, respectively, of the activity of porcine insulin in competing for the binding of [125I]iodoinsulin to both rat adipocytes and human IM-9 lymphocytes. The relative potencies of the analogs in stimulating glucose oxidation by rat adipocytes decreased in the order porcine insulin > [LeuB24]insulin > [LeuB25]insulin. However, at high concentrations both analogs had full agonists activity. Experiments in which the semisynthetic insulins were mixed with the native hormone showed that [LeuB24]insulin, but not [LeuB25]insulin, was an active antagonist of insulin action. These results suggest that the antagonistic activity of a human insulin variant having leucine at position B24 or B25 can be assigned to the molecule with the sequence Gly-Leu-Phe-Tyr (residues B23-B26) in its active site.
Tyrosine 151 is part of the substrate activation binding site of bovine trypsin. Identification by covalent labeling with p-diazoniumbenzamidine and kinetic characterization of Tyr-151-(p-benzamidino)-azo-beta-trypsin. (1993)

Identification of the substrate activation site of beta-trypsin by a 1:1 reaction with p-diazoniumbenzamidine chloride was confirmed by spectral analysis. Proteolysis of Cm-p-benzamidino-azo-beta-trypsin provided peptides containing modified tyrosine residues. The major product, Ser-146 to Lys-156, which corresponded to labeling at Tyr-151, was recovered in 35% yield, and its structure was demonstrated by amino acid analysis, Edman degradation, and mass spectrometry. Yields of labeled Tyr-151, Tyr-39, and Tyr-172, identified by peptide analysis, were in the proportion of 100:7:3. Tyr-151-(p-benzamidino)-azo-beta-trypsin is permanently activated, but can be further activated by substrates. Values of kcat, Ks', and kcat' vary from two to three times the equivalent values for trypsin. Berenil (4,4'-diazoamino-bis-benzamidine), a parabolic competitive inhibitor of beta-trypsin, was a hyperbolic competitive inhibitor of azo-beta-trypsin. Thus, Tyr-151, part of subsite S'2, affects the catalytic process and, when modified covalently, permanently activates trypsin. Equilibrium binding with berenil supported the kinetic data obtained with substrates. This permits the integration of protein modification, kinetics, equilibrium binding, and crystallographic data to demonstrate a fine interaction between subsites S1-S3 and S'2 in trypsin and azo-beta-trypsin, resulting in subtle structural changes when the native enzyme is covalently modified at Tyr-151.
Anticholinergic drugs rescue synaptic plasticity in DYT1 dystonia: Role of M1 muscarinic receptors (2014)

Broad-spectrum muscarinic receptor antagonists have represented the first available treatment for different movement disorders such as dystonia. However, the specificity of these drugs and their mechanism of action is not entirely clear. We performed a systematic analysis of the effects of anticholinergic drugs on short- and long-term plasticity recorded from striatal medium spiny neurons from DYT1 dystonia knock-in (Tor1a(+/Δgag) ) mice heterozygous for ΔE-torsinA and their controls (Tor1a(+/+) mice). Antagonists were chosen that had previously been proposed to be selective for muscarinic receptor subtypes and included pirenzepine, trihexyphenydil, biperiden, orphenadrine, and a novel selective M1 antagonist, VU0255035. Tor1a(+/Δgag) mice exhibited a significant impairment of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. Anticholinergics had no significant effects on intrinsic membrane properties and on short-term plasticity of striatal neurons. However, they exhibited a differential ability to restore the corticostriatal plasticity deficits. A complete rescue of both long-term depression (LTD) and synaptic depotentiation (SD) was obtained by applying the M1 -preferring antagonists pirenzepine and trihexyphenidyl as well as VU0255035. Conversely, the nonselective antagonist orphenadrine produced only a partial rescue of synaptic plasticity, whereas biperiden and ethopropazine failed to restore plasticity. The selectivity for M1 receptors was further demonstrated by their ability to counteract the M1 -dependent potentiation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) current recorded from striatal neurons. Our study demonstrates that selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonism offsets synaptic plasticity deficits in the striatum of mice with the DYT1 dystonia mutation, providing a potential mechanistic rationale for the development of improved antimuscarinic therapies for this movement disorder.
COBA: Concurrent Bandwidth Aggregation - A Case Study in Parallel Wireless Communications (2012)

Parallel Wireless Communications is an emerging area of research that enables mobile clients to access and utilize multiple wireless networks concurrently. This paper explores concurrent bandwidth aggregation techniques to enable parallel wireless communications on mobile devices. Concurrent aggregation can be performed using wireless modems on one device or cooperatively across devices within wireless proximity of each other.. The aggregation can be achieved on the application-layer, transport layer like MultipathTCP, or on layers below IP such as the RLC layer. These schemes are compared. In general, aggregation on the lower layer is closer to the client device and easier to adapt to the varying channel and loading conditions. However, lower layer aggregation needs more changes to wireless access stratum infrastructure. Aggregation above the IP layer is simpler to implement. A feasibility study of MultipathTCP aggregation over multiple WWANs is presented. The aggregation scheme on the RLC layer in evolved HSDPA is also presented, including protocol design and performance evaluation.
A sparse matrix approach to the solubilization of overexpressed proteins (2000)

Many biophysical experiments depend on large amounts of pure, soluble protein. Indeed, the revolution in structural biology has depended on molecular biology's potential to make experiments possible by allowing the overexpression of normally rare proteins in a heterologous host. All too often, however, overexpressed proteins are poorly soluble in buffers that attempt to mimic physiological conditions. Often in such cases the overexpressed protein is assumed to be present in inclusion bodies and hopes of obtaining the desired sample from the overexpression vector are abandoned. We have developed a sparse matrix approach to the solubilization of such proteins that is often successful. This approach relies on well accepted theories of protein solubility and folding to build a sparse matrix that samples 'solubility space' effectively. The buffers of the sparse matrix are used to make crude extracts that are rapidly assayed for soluble protein using gel electrophoresis. We describe our approach and give examples of its application.
Long-Lived Plasma Cells and Memory B Cells Produce Pathogenic Anti-GAD65 Autoantibodies in Stiff Person Syndrome (2010)

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare, neurological disorder characterized by sudden cramps and spasms. High titers of enzyme-inhibiting IgG autoantibodies against the 65 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) are a hallmark of SPS, implicating an autoimmune component in the pathology of the syndrome. Studying the B cell compartment and the anti-GAD65 B cell response in two monozygotic twins suffering from SPS, who were treated with the B cell-depleting monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, we found that the humoral autoimmune response in SPS is composed of a rituximab-sensitive part that is rapidly cleared after treatment, and a rituximab-resistant component, which persists and acts as a reservoir for autoantibodies inhibiting GAD65 enzyme activity. Our data show that these potentially pathogenic anti-GAD65 autoantibodies are secreted by long-lived plasma cells, which may either be persistent or develop from rituximab-resistant memory B lymphocytes. Both subsets represent only a fraction of anti-GAD65 autoantibody secreting cells. Therefore, the identification and targeting of this compartment is a key factor for successful treatment planning of SPS and of similar autoimmune diseases.
Triangle Distribution and Equation of State for Classical Rigid Disks (1999)

The triangle distribution function f^(3) for three mutual nearest neighbors in the plane describes basic aspects of short-range order and statistical thermodynamics in two-dimensional many-particle systems. This paper examines prospects for constructing a self-consistent calculation for the rigid-disk system f^(3). We present several identities obeyed by f^(3). A rudimentary closure suggested by scaled-particle theory is introduced. In conjunction with three of the basic identities, this closure leads to a unique f^(3) over the entire density range. The pressure equation of state exhibits qualitatively correct behavior in both the low density and the close-packed limits, but no intervening phase transition appears. We discuss extensions to improved disk closures, and to the three-dimensional rigid sphere system.
Second Generation HTS Wire Based on RABiTS Substrates and MOD YBCO (2005)

The performance of Second Generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire manufactured by continuous reel-to-reel processes is nearing the 300 A/cm-width (77 K, self field) performance threshold for commercial power cable applications. The 2G manufacturing approach under development at American Superconductor is based on the combination of the RABiTS substrate-buffer technology with metal organic deposition (MOD) of the YBCO layer. The capability of this process has been demonstrated in multiple 10 meter lengths with critical currents exceeding 250 A/cm-width with high uniformity and reproducibility. Critical currents of 380 A/cm-width have been achieved in short length samples prepared by the same basic process. The incorporation of nanoparticles ("nanodots") into the YBCO layer using the MOD process has resulted in a 2-fold improvement in the critical current at 65 K in a 3 T field. The research and development focus at ASMC is now directed toward the economical scale-up of the RABiTS/MOD process, optimization of the conductor properties for targeted applications and the use of 2G wire in initial demonstration applications.
Field Focusing for Implanted Medical Devices (2020)

In this paper, we present a novel method of electromagnetic field focusing applicable to 3D implantable devices. Focusing is achieved using two lines that guide the incident wave deeper into the body and concentrate it around their respective tips. The small gap between the tips of the lines provides constructive coupling and augments the focused field. Compared to the case where no lines are used, the focused power is 8 times and 16 times larger if one line and two lines are utilized, respectively. The proposed design can be modified to focus fields with arbitrary polarizations at different depths inside the body. We propose a method to create this focusing structure by extrusion inside the body using heat-activated polymer-based conductors.
Stereopsis and mean luminance (2013)

Stereopsis is dependent on the average level of illumination, especially if it differs between the two eyes. We manipulate the mean luminance seen by both eyes or the interocular difference in mean luminance by using neutral density (ND) filters placed in front of both eyes or just one eye respectively. Stereo acuity was measured using a one temporal interval forced choice task for detecting the sign of a Gaussian depth perturbation in a noise field with a comparable spectrum to that found in natural images. We show that the effect of changing mean luminance is spatial scale independent within the range of 0.5 to 4 cpd, certainly not larger at higher spatial scales. To investigate its origin we manipulate two factors, the temporal synchrony between the two eyes and the interocular contrast. Both factors are implicated in the loss of stereo performance when the mean luminance is different between the eyes, suggesting an underlying explanation in terms of temporal low-pass filtering resulting in the combination of a luminance-dependent temporal delay and a luminance-dependent change in contrast gain.
Liquid crystal 1 × N optical switch (1990)

The design, experimental results, and analysis of a 1 x N ferroelectric liquid-crystal optical switch based on polarization rotation are reported. The switch is broadband and tolerant to errors in the ferroelectric liquid-crystal tilt angle and cell thickness. Moreover, the cross talk in the switch is noncumulative and independent of the switch size N. The results of an experimental 1 x 4 switch are presented. The switch has a signal-to-cross-talk ratio ranging from 21.6 to 37.1 dB, a switching time of 50 microsec, and a worst-case insertion loss of 3.5 dB.
Electromechanical Sensing of Charge Retention on Floating Electrodes (2010)

This paper considers the electromechanical response of electrostatic actuators that are driven by both voltage and charge. The model system is an electrostatic actuator in which the suspended electrode is subjected to a driving voltage and the fixed electrode, which is electrostatically floating, is loaded by charge. The response of the system is analyzed using energy methods, and it is shown that the system has two distinct pull-in voltages. It is also shown that the amplitude of charge on the floating electrode is proportional to the average of these two pull-in voltages. Test-actuators were designed, fabricated, and characterized, and their measured response validates the theoretical predictions. A nondisruptive measurement of charge is proposed and demonstrated which enables to monitor charge decay over time.
Reverse-bias leakage current reduction in GaN Schottky diodes by electrochemical surface treatment - eScholarship (2003)

An electrochemical surface treatment has been developed that decreases the reverse-bias leakage current in Schottky diodes fabricated on GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). This treatment suppresses current flow through localized leakage paths present in MBE-grown GaN, while leaving other diode characteristics, such as the Schottky barrier height, largely unaffected. A reduction in leakage current of three orders of magnitude was observed for Schottky diodes fabricated on the modified surface compared to diodes fabricated on the unmodified surface for reverse-bias voltages as large as -20 V. In addition to suppressing reverse-bias leakage, the surface treatment was found to improve substantially the ideality factor of the modified surface diodes compared to that of unmodified surface diodes, suggesting that such a surface modification process could be useful for a variety of GaN-based electronic devices. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
Analyse de l'effet de la réflexion spéculaire dans le fonctionnement d'un réseau réflecteur (2007)

National audience
Lithium Insertion into Transition-Metal Monosulfides: Tuning the Position of the Metal 4s Band (2008)

Concern for safety with carbon anodes has motivated a search for an alternative anode material for high-power lithium-ion batteries. Although sulfides cannot provide the high voltages versus lithium required of a cathode material, whether they can provide the low voltages required of an anode material remains to be determined. Investigation of the displacement reaction 2Li + MS = Li2S + M for M = Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni reveals that, with increasing atomic number, the bottom of the M 4s band falls systematically to lower energy and thereby increases the voltage of the displacement reaction. In addition, the reversibility of the displacement reaction is observed to be increased on going to heavier transition-metal atoms. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the insertion of Li into FeS provides evidence that the reversibility is associated with formation of an amorphous phase rather than Li2S. It is suggested from this investigation that the Tt3+/Ti 2+, V3+/V2+, and Cr3+/Cr 2+ couples in an insertion sulfide can be below the 4s band at V ??? 1.0 V versus Li+/Li0.
Supplementary Data from Enhancer Domains in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Regulate KIT Expression and Are Targetable by BET Bromodomain Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Evaluation of the KIT locus in GIST cell lines. Figure S2. Effect of imatinib and JQ1 treatment on cell cycle and apoptosis in GIST cell lines. Figure S3. Effect of JQ1 and imatinib on KIT mRNA, protein and signaling. Figure S4. KIT rescue with enhancer independence in GIST430 and effects of HAND1 overexpression on KIT levels and drug sensitivity. Figure S5. Differences in GIST cell line enhancers and effects of drug treatment at the KIT locus in GIST430. Figure S6. H3K27ac ChIP-seq signal and RNA expression changes of exemplary genes following imatinib and/or JQ1 treatment in GIST. Figure S7. Expression and dependency of genes at the KIT locus in GIST cells. Figure S8. Combinatorial effects of bromodomain and KIT inhibition. Figure S9. Consequences of bromodomain inhibition in GIST xenograft models. Table S1. Oligonucleotide Sequences. Table S2. IC50 values in GIST cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Ruthenium Nanoparticles Intercalated in Montmorillonite (nano-Ru@MMT) Is Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of 2-Furaldehyde in Benign Aqueous Medium (2021)

Chemoselective hydrogenation of 2-furaldehyde to furfuryl alcohol using green solvents is an important research area to get eco-friendly fuels and fine chemicals. Herein, we report ruthenium nanoparticles (~1.8 nm) intercalated in montmorillonite as an efficient catalytic system, which can selectively hydrogenate 2-furaldehyde in a benign aqueous medium. The complete conversion was observed at 40 °C with 1 MPa H2, the selectivity of furfuryl alcohol being &gt;99%, and turnover number 1165. After a catalytic run, the montmorillonite-supported ruthenium nanoparticles can be recycled and reused without losing their activity and selectivity.
Palladium Hydroxide (Pearlman’s Catalyst) Doped MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Composite Modified Electrode for Selective Detection of Nicotine in Human Sweat (2022)

High concentrations of nicotine (40 to 60 mg) are more dangerous for adults who weigh about 70 kg. Herein, we developed an electrochemical transducer using an MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>Tx)/palladium hydroxide-supported carbon (Pearlman's catalyst) composite (MXene/Pd(OH)<sub>2</sub>/C) for the identification of nicotine levels in human sweat. Firstly, the MXene was doped with Pd(OH)<sub>2</sub>/C (PHC) by mechanical grinding followed by an ultrasonication process to obtain the MXene/PHC composite. Secondly, XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, EDS and E-mapping analysis were utilized to confirm the successful formation of MXene/PHC composite. Using MXene/PHC composite dispersion, an MXene/PHC composite-modified glassy carbon electrode (MXene/PHC/GCE) was prepared, which showed high sensitivity as well as selectivity towards nicotine (300 µM NIC) oxidation in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. The MXene/PHC/GCE had reduced the over potential of nicotine oxidation (about 200 mV) and also enhanced the oxidation peak current (8.9 µA) compared to bare/GCE (2.1 µA) and MXene/GCE (5.5 µA). Moreover, the optimized experimental condition was used for the quantification of NIC from 0.25 µM to 37.5 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity were 27 nM and 0.286 µA µM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The MXene/PHC/GCE was also tested in the presence of Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine and glucose. These molecules were not interfered during NIC analysis, which indicated the good selectivity of the MXene/PHC/GCE sensor. In addition, electrochemical determination of NIC was successfully carried out in the human sweat samples collected from a tobacco smoker. The recovery percentage of NIC in the sweat sample was 97%. Finally, we concluded that the MXene/PHC composite-based sensor can be prepared for the accurate determination of NIC with high sensitivity, selectivity and stability in human sweat samples.
Dispersion analysis of carbon nanotubes, carbon onions, and nanodiamonds for their application as reinforcement phase in nickel metal matrix composites (2015)

Low aspect ratios and sp<sup>3</sup> hybridization of carbon nanoparticles benefit both, small agglomerate sizes in ethylene glycol and nickel composites.