gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiway decision graphs and their applications in automatic formal verification of rtl designs (1997)

Formal verification methods have been considered as a powerful complementary approach to simulation in digital system design. This thesis studies the problem of automatically verifying designs having both non-trivial datapath and control circuitry. We propose a new class of decision graphs, called Multiway Decision Graphs (MDGs), as an efficient representation for Register-Transfer level designs, using a many-sorted first-order logic with a distinction of abstract and concrete sorts. In an MDG, a data signal is represented by a single variable of abstract sort rather than by a vector of Boolean variables, and a data operation is represented by an uninterpreted function symbol that could be partially interpreted using rewrite rules when necessary. The verification is carried out at a high level in the design hierarchy with a runtime independent of the width of the datapath. Our approach is well suited for the verification of microprocessors or designs produced from high level synthesis where data operations can be viewed as black boxes.
This thesis contains most of the research results on MDGs and MDG-based verification. A state enumeration technique exploiting MDGs is explained for exploring the state space of the abstract descriptions of state machines. Various MDG-based verification techniques are developed, such as verification of combinational circuits, invariants, behavioral equivalence of synchronous circuits, and non-pipelined microprocessors against their instruction set architectures. A term rewriting algorithm makes it possible to partially interpret the uninterpreted function symbols in MDGs. The verification prototype that we implemented includes the above verification applications and establishes a platform for further development of MDG-based techniques. Finally, two case studies are presented: First, an illustrative case study on an Island Tunnel Controller where the non-termination problem of the state enumeration procedure is addressed, and then a case study on a real ATM switch fabric where the effectiveness and applicability of our methods are demonstrated.
Critical excitation-rate enhancement of a dipolar scatterer close to a plasmonic nanosphere and importance of multipolar self-coupling (2014)

We develop an electrodynamic model based on dyadic Green's functions for analyzing the near-field interactions between a dipolar scatterer (DS) and a plasmonic nanosphere (PN) under external excitation, accounting for multipolar contributions in the evaluation of the scattered fields. In particular, we include all the radiative and nonradiative field interactions between the DS and the PN, particularly the physical mechanism of DS's self-coupling through the PN, which is either neglected or approximated in previous work. Our objective is to show under which conditions self-coupling is important for strong excitation-rate enhancement of the DS and provide a description of the system's properties. We analytically investigate the conditions under which the excitation rate of a DS, such as an organic dye or a quantum dot, is enhanced when located in close proximity to a PN. We show the existence of critical conditions in terms of polarizabilities and distances that lead to large enhancement based on self-coupling and how to predict it.
Room Temperature CW 1.3 μm Single Mode Lasing of InAs Quantum Dot Micro-disk Lasers Grown on (001) Si (2016)

Heteroepitaxially grown InAs quantum dot micro-disk lasers were demonstrated on planar Si (001) substrates. Room-temperature continuous-wave lasing at 1.3 μm with a threshold pump power of 250 μW was achieved for a 4 µm disk.
Estimation of the wind turbine yaw error by support vector machines (2015)

Wind turbine yaw error information is of high importance in controlling wind turbine power and structural load. Normally used wind vanes are imprecise. In this work, the estimation of yaw error in wind turbines is studied using support vector machines for regression (SVR). As the methodology is data-based, simulated data from a high fidelity aero-elastic model is used for learning. The model simulates a variable speed horizontal-axis wind turbine composed of three blades and a full converter. Both partial load (blade angles fixed at 0 deg) and full load zones (active pitch actuators) are considered. The validation step is done under different conditions of wind shear, speed and direction, giving good estimation results.
Lincomycin (1967)

Lincomycin, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis, has the following structure (Hoeksema et al.,1964).
Establishment of a congenital tooth agenesis related gene MSX1 knockout human embryonic stem cell lines by CRISPR-Cas9 technology (2017)

Human MSX1 gene is mapped to chromosome 4 and encodes a 303aa homeobox protein MSX1. MSX1 expression appears during early tooth development of vertebrate embryogenesis. Mutations in this protein are related to human tooth anomalie, cleft lip and palate and congenital ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. Most of the confirmed pathogenic mutations are located in exon2 encoded homeobox domain. Here, we report the establishment of MSX1 gene knockout human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. These cell lines provide good materials for further studies of the roles MSX1 plays in human tooth development and congenital tooth agenesis.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pozelimab alone or in combination with cemdisiran in non-human primates (2022)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease caused by uncontrolled complement activation; effective and approved treatments include terminal complement inhibition. This study assessed whether combination cemdisiran (an investigational N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated RNAi therapeutic that suppresses liver production of complement component C5) and pozelimab (an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody against C5) results in more effective and durable complement activity inhibition than the individual agents alone in non-human primates. Cynomolgus monkeys received a single subcutaneous injection of cemdisiran (5 or 25 mg/kg), pozelimab (5 or 10 mg/kg), or combination cemdisiran and pozelimab (5+5 mg/kg, 5+10 mg/kg, or 25+10 mg/kg, respectively). When given in combination, pozelimab was administered 2 weeks after cemdisiran dosing. Pharmacokinetics and ex vivo pharmacodynamic properties were assessed. The half-life of pozelimab alone was 12.9-13.3 days; this increased to 19.6-21.1 days for pozelimab administered in combination with cemdisiran. In ex vivo classical pathway hemolysis assays (CH50), pozelimab + cemdisiran combinations achieved durable and more complete suppression of complement activity (8-13 weeks) vs monotherapy of either agent. Cemdisiran monotherapy demonstrated dose-dependent suppression of total C5 concentrations, with the higher dose (25 mg/kg) achieving >90% maximum suppression. Total C5 concentrations after administration of pozelimab + cemdisiran combinations were similar compared with administration of cemdisiran alone. The combination of pozelimab + cemdisiran mediates complement activity inhibition more efficiently than either pozelimab or cemdisiran administered alone. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of combination pozelimab + cemdisiran in non-human primates appears suitable for further clinical investigation as a potential long-acting treatment for PNH and other complement-mediated diseases.
PARD3 Inactivation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Impairs STAT3 and Promotes Malignant Invasion (2015)

Correct apicobasal polarization and intercellular adhesions are essential for the appropriate development of normal epithelia. Here, we investigated the contribution of the cell polarity regulator PARD3 to the development of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). Tumor-specific PARD3 alterations were found in 8% of LSCCs examined, placing PARD3 among the most common tumor suppressor genes in this malignancy. Most PAR3-mutant proteins exhibited a relative reduction in the ability to mediate formation of tight junctions and actin-based protrusions, bind atypical protein kinase C, activate RAC1, and activate STAT3 at cell confluence. Thus, PARD3 alterations prevented the formation of contacts between neighboring cells and the subsequent downstream signaling. Notably, reconstituting PAR3 activity in vivo reduced tumor-invasive and metastatic properties. Our findings define PARD3 as a recurrently inactivated cell polarity regulator in LSCC that affects tumor aggressiveness and metastasis.
Dynamic mechanical load emulation test facility to evaluate the performance of AC inverters (2000)

This article describes the design and development of a high-performance test facility to be used for the off-site commissioning and performance evaluation of commercial AC inverters. The test facility comprises a dynamic mechanical loading rig capable of emulating both linear and nonlinear systems. Such a facility provides an excellent platform for commissioning an inverter-motor/drive combination for a specific application before transporting the drive to site. Alternatively, the facility can be employed as a demanding programmable loading system for research and development projects in, for example, novel nonlinear speed and position control algorithms.
Influence of image artifacts on image-based computer simulations of the cardiac electrophysiology (2021)

Myocardial infarct patients have an increased risk of scar-based ventricular tachycardia. Late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides the geometric extent of myocardial infarct. Computational electrophysiological models based on such images can provide a personalized prediction of the patient's tachycardia risk. In this work, the effect of respiratory slice alignment image artifacts on image-based electrophysiological simulations is investigated in two series of models. For the first series, a clinical MR image is used in which slice translations are applied to artificially induce and correct for slice misalignment. For the second series, computer simulated MR images with and without slice misalignments are created using a mechanistic anatomical phantom of the torso. From those images, personalized models are created in which electrical stimuli are applied in an attempt to induce tachycardia. The response of slice-aligned and slice-misaligned models to different interval stimuli is used to assess tachycardia risk. The presented results indicate that slice misalignments affect image-based simulation outcomes. The extent to which the assessed risk is affected is found to depend upon the geometry of the infarct area. The number of unidirectional block tachycardias varied from 1 to 3 inducible patterns depending on slice misalignment severity and, along with it, the number of tachycardia inducing stimuli locations varied from 2 to 4 from 6 different locations. For tachycardias sustained by conducting channels through the scar core, no new patterns are induced by altering the slice alignment in the corresponding image. However, it affected the assessed risk as tachycardia inducing stimuli locations varied from 1 to 5 from the 6 stimuli locations. In addition, if the conducting channel is not maintained in the image due to slice misalignments, the channel-dependent tachycardia is not inducible anymore in the image-based model.
Multilayered Reflectionless Wideband Bandpass Filters With Shunt/In-Series Resistively Terminated Microstrip Lines (2019)

A class of symmetrical multilayered reflectionless wideband bandpass filters (BPFs) with shunt/in-series resistively terminated microstrip lines are presented. Based on a wideband microstrip-to-microstrip vertical transition and two shunt resistively terminated multisection microstrip lines, wideband BPFs that feature broadband reflectionless behavior are first discussed. Subsequently, by increasing the number of cascaded stages in the resistively terminated microstrip lines, the improvement of both the reflectionless behavior and the passband amplitude flatness for this kind of absorptive wideband BPFs is demonstrated. Next, to avoid the cross-coupling effect appearing between the open-circuit-ended microstrip resonators and the shunt resistively terminated multisection microstrip lines, reflectionless wideband BPF counterparts that exploit in-series resistively terminated multisection microstrip lines are introduced, so that the stopband power-matching performance is further enhanced. Furthermore, a high-order reflectionless wideband BPF made up of the back-to-back cascade of two replicas of the previous absorptive broadband BPF as the constituent block is presented to prove applicability to higher selectivity realizations. The theoretical foundations of these reflectionless wideband BPF architectures are detailed. Besides, for experimental-validation purposes, a total of five 2-GHz prototypes corresponding to the different conceived reflectionless wideband BPF schemes are fabricated and tested.
Measurement of CP asymmetries in D± → η′π± and Ds±→η′π± decays (2017)

A search for CP violation in D-+/- -&gt; eta 'pi(+/-) and D-S(+/-) -&gt; eta 'pi(+/-) decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1), recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The measured CP-violating charge asymmetries are A(CP)(D-+/- -&gt; eta 'pi(+/-)) = (-0.61 +/- 0.72 +/- 0.53 +/- 0.12)% and A(CP)(D-S(+/-) -&gt; eta 'pi(+/-)) = (-0.82 +/- 0.36 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.27)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic, and the third are the uncertainties on the A(CP)(D-+/- -&gt; K-S(0)pi(+/-)) and A(CP)(D-S(+/-) -&gt; phi pi(+/-)) measurements used for calibration. The results represent the most precise measurements of these asymmetries to date. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Metformin-Mediated Bambi Expression in Hepatic Stellate Cells Induces Prosurvival Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2023)

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Furnace Atomization Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Development and initial characterization of FAPES as an ion source for elemental mass spectrometry is presented. The source is configured with an integrated contact cuvette in which a 40 MHz He plasma is sustained at atmospheric pressure. A differentially pumped interface consisting of a stainless steel sampling tube (0.5 mm i.d.) and tandem skimmer cone serves to sample the plasma from the open end of the cuvette. Mass spectra, characterizing plasma species with the furnace at ambient and elevated temperatures, are relatively structureless and show no evidence of He(+), He(2)(+), or carbonaceous ions. Transient ion signals, generated during the atomization of a number of analytes introduced in solution form, reveal that the plasma contains sufficiently energetic species to ionize elements having ionization potentials as high as 10.45 eV (iodine). Significant ionization does not occur in the absence of the plasma, nor in the extraction interface. Using Pb as a test element, acceptable isotopic abundances can be obtained, with an estimated absolute limit of detection of 10 pg (2 ng/mL relative). Future directions are discussed.
Overgrowth with increased proliferation of fibroblast and matrix metalloproteinase activity related to reduced TIMP1: A newly recognized syndrome? (2012)

We report on a child with prenatal onset of overgrowth associated with thick, excessive wrinkled skin and other abnormalities including cleft palate, Chiari malformation and polymicrogyria. His clinical features do not resemble any of the known reported overgrowth syndromes. Genetic evaluations, including karyotype, oligoarray, methylation-sensitive multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for 11p11.2 region, CDKN1C sequencing, GPC3 sequencing and dosage analysis, and HRAS sequencing, have been un-revealing. Immunohistochemistry done on the patient's cultured skin fibroblasts showed normally assembled elastic fibers and normal pattern of chondroitin sulfate deposition with defective deposition of Collagen I fibers. In addition, there were high levels of immuno-detectable metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and undetectable tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). The defective collagen deposition in the fibroblast culture could be reversed by the broad spectrum MMP inhibitor, doxycycline. We also present evidence that the fibroblasts of this patient have an increased rate of cellular proliferation. We propose that this is a previously unrecognized overgrowth syndrome associated with increased cellular proliferation and defective collagen I deposition due to an imbalance between MMP and TIMP in fibroblasts.
Personalization via friendsourcing (2008)

When information is known only to friends in a social network, traditional crowdsourcing mechanisms struggle to motivate a large enough user population and to ensure accuracy of the collected information. We thus introduce friendsourcing, a form of crowdsourcing aimed at collecting accurate information available only to a small, socially-connected group of individuals. Our approach to friendsourcing is to design socially enjoyable interactions that produce the desired information as a side effect. We focus our analysis around Collabio, a novel social tagging game that we developed to encourage friends to tag one another within an online social network. Collabio encourages friends, family, and colleagues to generate useful information about each other. We describe the design space of incentives in social tagging games and evaluate our choices by a combination of usage log analysis and survey data. Data acquired via Collabio is typically accurate and augments tags that could have been found on Facebook or the Web. To complete the arc from data collection to application, we produce a trio of prototype applications to demonstrate how Collabio tags could be utilized: an aggregate tag cloud visualization, a personalized RSS feed, and a question and answer system. The social data powering these applications enables them to address needs previously difficult to support, such as question answering for topics comprehensible only to a few of a user's friends.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO NUMERICAL PROCEDURES FOR FREE-CONVECTION PROBLEMS (1986)

(1986). COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO NUMERICAL PROCEDURES FOR FREE-CONVECTION PROBLEMS. Numerical Heat Transfer: Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 631-638.
Abstract P339: Evaluating Ga68 Regional Distribution as a New Pet Tracerfor Diagnosis Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2021)

Introduction: The deposition of β-amyloid in cerebral vessels is an important sign of CAA. Recently, the 68Ga-P14-032 has been used in animal research. It has the ability to selectively bind a β on the cerebral vessel wall, and may become a tracer for CAA. hypothesis: We aimed to investigate the distribution of [ 68 Ga]Ga-P14-032, a novel PET ligand that binds to vascular amyloid, in patients diagnosed clinically with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Methods: This longitudinal cohort study of 7 subjects (2 probable CAA patients, 2 AD patients, 3 normal subjects) recruited from clinics in China. All participants were aged at least 55 years with underwent [ 68 Ga]Ga-P14-032 PET/CT and PET/MR, a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Moca) score on initial assessment. The brain PET/CT and PET/MR scans assessed through quantitative analysis. The mean cortical standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) was calculated using cerebellum as reference. The cortex and white matter were segmented with ITK-Snap based on a T1-weighed image as the mask, leaving the scalp and the blood vessels out of the regions of interest. The corresponding PET volumes were extracted according to the masks obtained on MR and were fused with the MR images, using a MATLAB script. The images were read and interpreted by 2 doctors in nuclear medicine.Plasma levels of total-tau, amyloid-b40 and amyloid-b42 were measured by a single molecule array (Simoa) SR-X analyzer (Quanterix). Results: Positive expression can be seen in the pathological part of microvascular in 2 CAA patients of whom had an ICH. No significant signal was seen in AD subjects or controls. Plasma levels of total-tau, amyloid-b40 and amyloid-b42 were not different among the groups. Conclusions: Our results provide early evidence that the [68Ga]Ga-P14-032 PET probe binds preferentially to vascular amyloid, and may be a useful tracer to diagnostic of CAA. The PET marker was more sensitive to group differences than plasma assays of tau and amyloid.
An AAM-based detection approach of lung nodules from LDCT scans (2012)

In this, paper a new approach for lung nodules detection from LDCT scans is proposed. Intensity models of the nodules are generated using an active appearance model formulation. Template matching is used to compute a similarity score between the AAM template and the input image. The goal is to maximize the similarity measure at different image pixels to increase nodule detection. Conventional template matching does not account for rotation variations. Our proposed template matching approach is formulated as an energy optimization problem that computes a transformation that includes rotation(s) parameters as well as the AAM weighting coefficients. The approach is flexible to different scans and different nodule locations because of the ability to handle the variations in the rotation between the template and the input images. The approach can employ different similarity measures. Experimental results will be shown using three similarity measures from the literature: NCC, ZNCC and ZSSD; which illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. ROC curves for various nodule types are constructed on a clinical study with known ground truth, showing significant enhancements over conventional parametric nodule models and traditional template matching criterion.
A highly effective technique for setting the power preemphasis in WDM optical systems (2006)

In wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems, proper preemphasis of the input-channel powers is a key to optimizing the system performance. We present a novel technique for iteratively optimizing the preemphasis when many transmission effects can take place. The technique requires only the knowledge of the transmitted and received per-channel power values and of the uncorrected bit error rates taken from the forward-error-correction (FEC) chips. We first describe the procedure and test it using numerical simulations. We then demonstrate the technique in a realistic environment using a WDM 8 /spl times/ 10-Gb/s laboratory test bed, where power preemphasis is automatically found by means of a common personal computer. Both numerical and experimental tests show that the proposed preemphasis is able to compensate for several impairments, including significant spread of receiver sensitivity, gain tilt of the optical amplifiers, significant third-order uncompensated dispersion, as well as single-channel nonlinear impairments.