gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sci-Sat AM: Stereo - 08: Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) for low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer using Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) with a 10x Flattening Filter Free (FFF) beam (2014)

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) with a 10x Flattening Filter Free (FFF) beam for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) for low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Ten anonymized patient CT data sets were used in this planning study. For each patient CT data set, three sets of contours were generated: 1) low risk, 2) intermediate risk, and 3) high risk scenarios. For each scenario, a single-arc and a double-arc VMAT treatment plans were created. Plans were generated with the Varian Eclipse™ treatment planning system for a Varian TrueBeam™ linac equipped with Millenium 120 MLC. Plans were created using a 10x-FFF beam with a maximum dose rate of 2400 MU/min. Dose prescription was 36.25Gy/5 fractions with the planning objective of covering 99% of the Planning Target Volume with the 95% of the prescription dose. Normal tissue constraints were based on provincial prostate SABR planning guidelines, derived from national and international prostate SABR protocols. Plans were evaluated and compared in terms of: 1) dosimetric plan quality, and 2) treatment delivery efficiency. Results: Both single-arc and double-arc VMAT plans were able to meet the planning goals for low, intermediate and high risk scenarios. No significant dosimetric differences were observed between the plans. However, the treatment time was significantly lower for a single-arc VMAT plans. Conclusions: Prostate SABR treatments are feasible with 10x-FFF VMAT technique. A single-arc VMAT offers equivalent dosimetric plan quality and a superior treatment delivery efficiency, compared to a double-arc VMAT.
Coherent mid-infrared spectroscopy driven by 2-µm femtosecond lasers (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Traditionally, infrared molecular spectroscopy has been performed with frequency-domain measurement techniques. Recent experiments have exploited the outstanding temporal coherence of state-of-the-art femtosecond lasers to overcome long-standing sensitivity and dynamic range limitations of these traditional techniques, with time-domain measurements. Here, we show how state-of-the-art 2-µm femtosecond technology provides (i) Watt-level infrared sources covering the entire molecular fingerprint region, with a spectral brightness exceeding even that of synchrotrons, (ii) background-free, high-sensitivity and high-dynamic range time-domain detection of molecular vibrations via electro-optical sampling with (iii) attosecond temporal accuracy. These advances herald a new regime for time-, frequency- and space-resolved molecular vibrational metrology.
Hybrid organic–inorganic catalytic porous materials synthesized at neutral pH in absence of structural directing agents (2009)

Non-ordered porous hybrid materials with different distribution of pore sizes have been synthesized from organic–inorganic bridged silsesquioxane precursors using an NH4F catalyzed sol–gel route. This methodology has allowed to obtain high surface area porous materials in absence of structural directing agents or surfactant molecules. A variety of organic linkers, such as benzene, disulfide, diamine, ethane and ethylene groups, were incorporated within the framework, and the effective integration was confirmed by elemental and thermogravimetrical analyses, Raman and NMR spectroscopies. The pore dimensions of the hybrids could be modified, within the mesoporous range, with the NH4F synthesis and the characteristics of the organic linker. Basic catalytic active sites have been introduced in the organic linkers of the hybrid porous materials that are active and selective for Knoevenagel condensations, showing the possibility to heterogenize organic catalysts while preserving their activity and selectivity by means of these porous organic–inorganic hybrids.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-Enhanced Cognitive Radio System (2020)

Cognitive radio (CR) is an effective solution to increase the spectral efficiency (SE) of wireless communications by allowing the secondary users (SUs) to share the spectrum with primary users (PUs). On the other hand, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising approach to enhance the energy efficiency (EE) of wireless communication systems through passively reconfiguring the channel environments. In this paper, we propose an IRS enhanced downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) CR systems to improve both SE and EE, where a single SU coexists with a primary network with multiple primary user receivers (PU-RXs). Specifically, for the MISO-CR system, we maximize the achievable rate of SU subject to a total power constraint on an SU transmitter (SU-TX) and an interference temperature (IT) constraint on PU-RXs, by jointly optimizing the beamforming vector at SU-TX and the phase shifts at the IRS. Furthermore, both perfect channel state information (CSI) and imperfect CSI are considered in the optimization. Numerical results demonstrate that the IRS can significantly improve the achievable rate of SU-RX under both the perfect and imperfect CSI conditions.
Mechanism of the intrinsic (long-term) degradation in AlQ 3 -based organic light-emitting devices (1999)

The intrinsic degradation of hydroxyquinoline aluminum (AlQ<SUB>3</SUB>)-based organic light emitting devices, that leads to the long-term decrease in the electroluminescence efficiency of the devices operated under constant current conditions, has been studied. The role of stabilizing agents, such as introducing a copper phthalocyanine buffer layer at the hole injection contact, doping of the hole transport layer, and using mixed layers of hole and electron transport materials has been investigated. Devices, which allow predominantly holes to be transported through the AlQ<SUB>3</SUB> layer, showed significant decrease in photoluminescence after prolonged current flow. These results lead to the conclusion that the degradation of AlQ<SUB>3</SUB> cations is the major cause of intrinsic long-term device degradation. This mechanism also explains some new results on the degradation of devices containing dual layer and doped hole transport layers as well as the increase in lifetime of devices containing more efficient electron injecting contacts.
16 fs Pulse Generation and Measurement in the Ultraviolet and Vacuum Ultraviolet (1996)

In this paper, we present new experimental results on the generation of ultrafast third (266nm), fifth (160nm), and seventh (114nm) harmonic light in gases. Useful conversion efficiencies are observed, and the efficiency can be optimized by adjusting the chirp of the input pulse. In addition, the pulse duration of the third harmonic is measured at under 16fs, using the technique of self-diffraction frequency resolved optical gating.
Procognitive and neurotrophic benefits of α5-GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulation in a β-amyloid deposition model of Alzheimer’s disease pathology (2022)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Reduced somatostatin (SST) and SST-expressing GABAergic neurons are well-replicated findings in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are associated with cognitive deficits. SST cells inhibit pyramidal cell dendrites through α5-GABA-A receptors (α5-GABAA-R). α5-GABAAR positive allosteric modulation (α5-PAM) has procognitive and neurotrophic effects in stress and aging models. METHODS We tested whether α5-PAM (GL-II-73) could reverse cognitive deficits and neuronal spine loss in early and late stages of β-amyloid deposition in the 5xFAD model (N=48/study; 50% female). RESULTS Acute or chronic administration of GL-II-73 reversed spatial working memory in 5xFAD mice at 2 and 5 months of age. Chronic GL-II-73 treatment reversed 5xFAD-induced loss of spine density, spine count and dendritic length at both time points, despite β-amyloid accumulation. DISCUSSION These results demonstrate procognitive and neurotrophic effects of GL-II-73 in early and late stages of Alzheimer-related β-amyloid deposition. This suggests α5-PAM as a novel β-amyloid-independent symptomatic therapeutic approach.
Intracellular metabolism of Ara-C and resulting DNA fragmentation and apoptosis of human AML HL-60 cells possessing disparate levels of Bcl-2 protein. (1996)

We examined the effects of high intracellular levels of Bcl-2 on the metabolism and DNA incorporation of high-dose Ara-C (HIDAC) as well as on Ara-C-induced DNA strand breaks and apoptosis of human AML HL-60 cells. HL-60/Bcl-2 and HL-60/neo cells were created by retrovirally transfecting the human AML HL-60 cells with the pZip-bcl-2 and pZip-neo plasmids, respectively. As compared to HL-60/neo, HL-60/Bcl-2 cells contained significantly higher (approximately 10-fold) p26Bcl-2, but equivalent levels of Bax and undetectable levels of Bcl-xL. HIDAC (10 or 100 microM for 4 h) produced the kilobase size and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis in HL-60/neo but not in HL-60/Bcl-2 cells. Significantly greater loss of survival (by MTT assay) and flowcytometric and morphologically recognizable apoptosis were observed in HL-60/neo cells. HIDAC did not affect Bcl-2 levels in either cell type. The intracellular accumulation of Ara-CTP relative to dCTP, Ara-C DNA incorporation and Ara-C-induced early DNA damage in the form of strand breaks (detected by alkaline elution assay) were not significantly different between HL-60/Bcl-2 and HL-60/neo cells. In addition, HIDAC treatment caused similar DNA synthesis inhibition in the two cell types. These results indicate that high intracellular levels of Bcl-2 operate distally to inhibit the final apototic cell death pathway by preventing the conversion of HIDAC-induced early DNA damage into lethal DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis.
&#x2018;Pickup and place&#x2019; integration method of bridging carbon nanotubes by stamping transfer (2011)

This paper reports an integration method of bridging-structural CNTs (carbon nanotubes) onto a Si wafer using stamping transfer. The bridging-structural CNTs which were directly synthesized by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) between two Si microstructures were picked up by PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) stamping sheet. The picked up bridging-structural CNTs and the supporting Si microstructures were then placed onto the Si wafer. These transfers were achieved by controlling the adhesion forces between Si and PDMS sheet. From an SEM imaging, we confirmed that our method could transfer the bridging-structural CNTs onto the Si wafer. By measuring the G/D ratio of the bridging-structural CNTs at each transfer process, we confirmed that our transfer method was low damage process.
Reduced Ets Domain-containing Protein Elk1 Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis via Increased Integrin αvβ6 Expression (2016)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with high mortality. Active TGFβ1 is considered central to the pathogenesis of IPF. A major mechanism of TGFβ1 activation in the lung involves the epithelially restricted αvβ6 integrin. Expression of the αvβ6 integrin is dramatically increased in IPF. How αvβ6 integrin expression is regulated in the pulmonary epithelium is unknown. Here we identify a region in the β6 subunit gene (ITGB6) promoter acting to markedly repress basal gene transcription, which responds to both the Ets domain-containing protein Elk1 (Elk1) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Both Elk1 and GR can regulate αvβ6 integrin expression in vitro We demonstrate Elk1 binding to the ITGB6 promoter basally and that manipulation of Elk1 or Elk1 binding alters ITGB6 promoter activity, gene transcription, and αvβ6 integrin expression. Crucially, we find that loss of Elk1 causes enhanced Itgb6 expression and exaggerated lung fibrosis in an in vivo model of fibrosis, whereas the GR agonist dexamethasone inhibits Itgb6 expression. Moreover, Elk1 dysregulation is present in epithelium from patients with IPF. These data reveal a novel role for Elk1 regulating ITGB6 expression and highlight how dysregulation of Elk1 can contribute to human disease.
Effect of Hydrogen on Brittle-Ductile Transition of COR-TEM O and Its Weld Material (1st Report, Brittle-Ductile Transition of COR-TEN O) (2007)

Storage tanks and pipelines of gaseous fuel are frequently installed in low temperature environment. So, when gaseous fuel contains hydrogen, not only cryogenic embrittlement but also hydrogen embrittlement may occur in the equipments. In this report, the effect of hydrogen on brittle-ductile transition of COR-TEN O steel was studied by carrying out fracture experiments of hydrogen charged and non-charged materials over the temperature range from -196°C to room temperature. The variations of fracture resistance expressed by CED with temperature for hydrogen charged and non-charged materials are compared. As the result, it is shown that the brittle-ductile transition temperature of hydrogen charged material is lower than that of non-charged one and, although the fracture resistance of charged material naturally becomes smaller in the upper shelf range, not the fracture resistance of non-charged material but that of charged one is a little bit larger in the brittle-ductile transition range.
Protocol for DNA Extraction from Watermelon Leaves for SSR Marker Studies (2004)

Levi and Thomas developed an improved procedure for the extraction of high-quality DNA from a large sample of watermelon leaves (2). This technique is suitable for isolating high quality DNA used in RFLP and AFLP marker analysis employing restriction enzymes. However, RAPD and SSR marker analysis do not require high quality genomic DNA, so a modified DNA extraction procedure suitable for isolating genomic DNA from a large number of small leaf samples might be sufficient for SSR marker analysis. In this study, we report an alternative DNA extraction procedure from a large number (24 samples per run) of small watermelon leaf samples ( 500 mg) in 1.5 ml micro-centrifuge tubes.
<title>Nuclear pumping of the iodine laser revisited</title> (1998)

The O<SUB>2</SUB>-I<SUB>2</SUB> transfer laser is gaining interest as a high-power laser for a variety of applications. There remains an interest in alternate pumping techniques for some situations, however. Here we review earlier work on the potential use of nuclear pumping, either for direct pumping of O<SUB>2</SUB> or for pumping of an excimer flashlamp in a photolytic iodine laser system.
A Functional Study of Purified CD4+ and CD8+ Cells Isolated from Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Arthritides (1989)

The purpose of this investigation was to study purified synovial fluid (SF) CD4+ and CD8+ cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory joint diseases (non-RA) with respect to the proliferative response to mitogens and recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Highly purified cell subsets were isolated by an immunomagnetic technique, and spontaneous proliferation as well as proliferative reSponses to rIL-2 and a combination of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (to substitute for accessory cells) were measured. Some patients had SF CD4+ and/or CD8+ cells with moderately increased spontaneous proliferation, but only the CD4+ cells of the two patient groups differed significantly from the peripheral blood (PB) T-cell subsets of healthy individuals who served as controls. The response to rIL-2 was variable but generally low, although about 50% of the CD4+ and 20% of the SF CD8+ cells of both patient groups expressed the Tac antigen. The response to PHA/PMA was significantly lower for RA SF CD4+ cells than for non-RA SF CD4+ cells, which again was lower than for normal PB CD4+ cells. SF CD8+ response to PMA/PHA by both groups of patients was somewhat decreased, but not significantly lower than in the controls. Thus, the CD4+ cells seemed functionally more deviant than the CD8+ cells in both patient groups, but the abnormality was most pronounced in the RA group. The results demonstrate that the previously reported diminished response to mitogens by SF mononuclear cells is present even when SF CD4+ cells are cultured alone. This indicates that these T cells have a reduced response, probably because of prior activation.
Animal models of tauopathies (2006)

Intracellular fibrillar amyloid lesions comprised of tau proteins are pathological hallmarks in diverse neurodegenerative disorders. As models of these tauopathies, transgenic mice overexpressing tau with or without mutations discovered in familial tauopathies were generated. Findings in these tau transgenic mice support the notion that impairments of tau proteins are causally related to tauopathies, while studies on crossbred mice have indicated initiation and promotion of tau-positive neuropathologies by crosstalk among several pathogenic molecules. Enhancement of tau pathology by amyloid beta (Abeta) deposition provided some of the most compelling evidence for such a cross-talk, and molecular processes linking abnormalities of Abeta and tan have been suggested to involve activation of calcium-dependent protease, calpain, based on analyses of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice crossbred with other genetically engineered mice with altered calpain activity. It also should be noted that mice transgenic for both tau and alpha-synuclein exhibit facilitated polymerization of these molecules into pathological filaments. Roles of fibrillar tau deposits in nervous system injuries can be mechanistically pursued by longitudinal monitoring of brain amyloidosis and neuroglial degeneration in the time course of antiamyloid intervention. The possibility of in vivo detection of tau-positive amyloid lesions has been demonstrated by intravenous administration of potential tracers into tau transgenic mice and subsequent brain imaging. Moreover, visualization of glial responses in living brains may allow sensitive detection of degenerative changes in the central nervous system.
Präklinische Evaluation eines neuartigen Therapieansatzes im malignen Melanom mittels F-18 FDG PET und Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) (2012)

Ziele: In klinischen Phase I/II Studien zeigte Arginine Deiminase (ADI) bei Patienten mit metastasiertem malignen Melanom vielversprechende Ergebnisse. ADI entzieht den Zellen Arginine (Arg) und für viele Tumorentitäten resultiert der Zelltod. In unserer Studie haben wir den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismus sowie die Form des Zelltods untersucht und mittels F-18 FDG PET und FMT ein Therapiemonitoring durchgeführt. Methode: Zwei Melanom-Zelllinien, SK-MEL 28 (ADI-sensitive) und SK-MEL 10 (ADI-resistent) wurden mit ADI für 7 Tage behandelt. Proliferation und Zelltod wurden mittels Assay und FACS bestimmt. Im Weiteren wurden Melanom-Xenograft tragende SCID Mäuse mit ADI oder PBS behandelt. Neben der regelmäßigen Bestimmung von Tumorgröße und Arg im Blutserum, wurde wöchentlich eine F-18 FDG PET und eine FMT, mit AngioSense750 zur Bestimmung der Tumorvaskularisation, durchgeführt und die jeweilige tumorale Aufnahme bestimmt. Ergebnis: In vitro zeigten ADI-sensitive Zellen einen signifikanten Proliferationsverlust nach 4 Tagen und eine 90%ige Apoptoserate im FACS. Trotz einer Reduktion des Tumorvolumens in den Xenograft-Mäusen, konnte mittels PET dieses nicht auf metabolischer Ebene beobachtet werden. Hierfür scheint ein direkter Eingriff der ADI-behandelten Zellen in den PTEN/PI3K pathway verantwortlich zu sein. Die FMT mit Darstellung der Tumorvaskularisation und folgender CD31 Immunhistochemie konnte zeigen, dass die Tumorregredienz von einer Reduktion der Tumordurchblutung begleitet ist. Schlussfolgerung: ADI-abhängiger Entzug von Arg im Melanom führt zu Proliferationsverlust und Apoptose. Trotz effektiver Therapie zeigte therapiebegleitendes F-18 FDG PET keinen substantielle Änderung im tumoralen Tracer Metabolismus. Weitere Untersuchungen zeigten, dass hierfür die Degradierung von PTEN mit folgend vermehrter zellulärer FDG-Aufnahme verantwortlich ist. Darstellung der Tumorvaskularisation mittels FMT zeigte, einhergehend mit der Tumorreduktion, eine Therapie-abhängige Verminderung der Tumordurchblutung.
Modeling and compensation of frictional uncertainties in motion control: a neural network based approach (2005)

Frictional uncertainties are known to be a major cause of performance degradation in motion control systems. This paper investigates the modeling and compensation of nonlinear friction dynamics in direct drive servo mechanisms. Different modeling techniques such as, model based adaptive identification, modeling based on experimental data and neural network based approximation are discussed and experimentally tested on the first link of a direct drive manipulator.
Probing the Gluonic Structure of the Deuteron with J/ψ Photoproduction in d+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions (2022)

Understanding gluon density distributions and how they are modified in nuclei are among the most important goals in nuclear physics. In recent years, diffractive vector meson production measured in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) at heavy-ion colliders has provided a new tool for probing the gluon density. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ photoproduction off the deuteron in UPCs at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ in $\mathit{d}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions. The differential cross section as a function of momentum transfer $\ensuremath{-}t$ is measured. In addition, data with a neutron tagged in the deuteron-going zero-degree calorimeter is investigated for the first time, which is found to be consistent with the expectation of incoherent diffractive scattering at low momentum transfer. Theoretical predictions based on the color glass condensate saturation model and the leading twist approximation nuclear shadowing model are compared with the data quantitatively. A better agreement with the saturation model has been observed. With the current measurement, the results are found to be directly sensitive to the gluon density distribution of the deuteron and the deuteron breakup process, which provides insights into the nuclear gluonic structure.
Characterizations of asymmetric fixtures with a two-gate approach (2011)

A technique for extracting asymmetric fixtures from a through standard and de-embedding the fixture effects from the composite measurement of DUT and fixture combination has been proposed. The technique consists of: (1) building a through standard which is the cascaded combination of the two fixtures. The two fixtures can be asymmetric in return loss but are symmetric in insertion loss and have the same electrical lengths, (2) extracting the fixture S-parameters from the measurement of the through standard, (3) de-embedding the fixture effects from the composite measurement and characterizing only the DUT. The 2-port single-ended case was investigated first and then we extended the technique to 4-port mixed mode. Deductions for extracting the S-parameters of the two fixtures are described in details and the extraction result was validated with simulations and measurements.
In vitro상에서 연골재생을 위한 케라틴/PLGA 지지체의 효과 (2008)

Synthetic and naturally derived biodegradable polymers have been widely used to construct scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. We developed the keratin loaded poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) scaffolds(keratin/ PLGA) to utilize as highly functional scaffolds for tissue engineering by improving hydrophobicity and cell compatibility of the polymer scaffolds. Keratin as natural protein is the major structural fibrous protein providing outer covering such as wool, hair, and nail. Keratin/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by casting/salt leaching method. Cell proliferation activity was measured via MTT assay. Scaffold mechanical strength, histology, gene expression, sulphated- glycosaminoglycan(sGAG) and collagen contents analyses were performed to elucidate in vitro cartilage development and the deposition of cartilage-specific extracellular matrices. We concluded in vitro chondrogenesis of articular chondrocytes was improved in PLGA scaffolds containing keratin.