gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
'Zero'-ripple EMI input filter concepts for application in a 1-U 500 kHz Si/SiC three-phase PWM rectifier (2003)

The basic principles of operation and the dimensioning of 'zero'-ripple filter concepts, as known for DC/DC boost converters, is discussed. Based on this a novel 'zero'-ripple input filter for a three-phase PWM rectifier system is proposed. The differential-mode characteristics of the filter and the influence of the filter on the selection of the unity gain bandwidth of the input current control is analyzed by simulations.
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development (2023)

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being<sup>1-6</sup>. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m<sup>-2</sup> in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
Optical switching waves in III-V semiconductor microresonators (2001)

Experimental evidence of optical switching waves in bistable semiconductor microresonators with fast electronic nonlinearity is presented. Depending on the level of the Gaussian excitation beam, both outward and inward propagating waves are observed. We discuss how their spatiotemporal dynamics influences the range of bistability.
Endothelial progenitor cells in clinical settings. (2014)

Senescence of cells is associated with shortened or damaged telomeres and is characterized by permanent exit from the cell cycle and altered function. Cellular senescence is caused by repeated cell division, and also conditions of stress including inflammation and reactive oxygen species can lead to the development of premature senescence. At the cellular level, proliferative and oxidative-stress induced cell senescence related to a pro-inflammatory state might strongly contribute to age-associated impaired tissue and organ functions. Vascular cells (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells) and bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells have been repeatedly shown to have pivotal role in the maintenance and regeneration of cardiovascular tissue. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of vascular cell senescence have been extensively studied. However, therapeutic approaches to prevent cellular senescence in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are still limited. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are all potent angiogenic growth factors in animal models of ischemia, but their therapeutic effects are not the same in animal experiments and clinical trials. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in Japan and a US phase II clinical trial of HGF gene therapy for critical limb ischemia (CLI) demonstrated a significant improvement in primary end points and an increase in transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen even after one year compared with placebo, whereas effectiveness of VEGF and FGF treatment for CLI has not yet been shown. Moreover, our recent publication and another researcher demonstrated that HGF acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, while VEGF and FGF act as pro-inflammatory cytokine. This review overviews the outcomes of clinical trials using angiogenic growth factors, which have shown a dramatic effect in several animal studies. Additionally, interventions with HGF aimed at improving the regenerative capacity of stem/progenitor cells and vascular cells by preventing cellular senescence are discussed.
Novel neural interface for modulation of neuronal activity based on millimeter wave exposure (2011)

Realizing a minimally-invasive interface with the brain for treating neurological disorders represents a considerable challenge for modern medicine. Implantable neuromodulation devices have been successfully used for treating a variety of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, epilepsy, chronic pain, and migraine. However, the implantation trauma and the risks associated with chronic presence of the implant in the nervous tissue have limited the widespread use of these devices. Minimally-invasive technologies based on the surface electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation have been developed to modulate the neuronal excitability in the brain, but their spatial resolution, limited to several centimeters, is insufficient for selective stimulation of millimeter-scale neuronal populations in the brain. Here, we describe some unique benefits afforded by a novel non-contact neuromodulation technique that employs millimeter waves. Using the leech ganglion preparation, we demonstrate a profound suppression of neuronal excitability induced by a low-power millimeter wave exposure. Based on these findings, we discuss the possible mechanisms and implications for developing a minimally-invasive neuromodulation therapy.
Heme Redox Properties of S-Nitrosated Hemoglobin A0 and Hemoglobin S (2002)

S-Nitrosated hemoglobin is remarkably stable and can be cycled between deoxy, oxygenated, or oxidized forms without significant loss of NO. Here we show that S-nitrosation of adult human hemoglobin (Hb A(0)) or sickle cell Hb (Hb S) results in an increased ease of anaerobic heme oxidation, while anions cause redox shifts in the opposite direction. The negatively charged groups of the cytoplasmic domain of Band 3 protein also produce an allosteric effect on S-nitrosated Hb. Formation and deoxygenation of a SNO-Hb/Band 3 protein assembly does not in itself cause NO release, even in the presence of glutathione; however, this assembly may play a role in the migration of NO from the red blood cells to other targets and may be linked to Heinz body formation. Studies of the anaerobic oxidation of Hb S revealed an altered redox potential relative to Hb A(0) that favors met-Hb formation and may therefore underlie the increased rate of autoxidation of Hb S under aerobic conditions, the increased formation of Heinz bodies in sickle cells, and the decreased lifetime of red cells containing Hb S. A model for the interrelationships between the deoxy, oxy, and met forms of Hb A(0) and Hb S, and their S-nitrosated counterparts, is presented.
Inverted thermal conversion—GaAs, a new alternative material for integrated circuits (1986)

We developed a new type of GaAs which exhibits inverted thermal conversion (ITC), i.e., it converts from conducting to semi-insulating upon annealing at about 850 °C. In device fabrication, its low resistivity, prior to high-temperature processing, differentiates ITC from the standard semi-insulating GaAs. The ITC characteristics are obtained through control of the concentration of the midgap donor EL2 based on heat treatment and crystal growth modification. Thus, EL2 does not exist in the conducting state of ITC GaAs. Conversion to the semi-insulating state during 850 °C annealing is caused by the formation of EL2 consistent with our earlier proposed EL2 model.
Automated design of communication protocols using ESTEREL (1996)

The rapid evolution of networking and the multiplication of new applications re-emphasizes the importance of the efficient communication supports. Implementations must be able to take maximal advantage of the details of application-specific semantics and of specific networking environments. In other words, the application needs to have more control over data transmission. Such control can be obtained by tailoring the communication facilities (or protocols) to the application characteritics, and by integrating the communication control to the application. Because such a task is too complex to be realized manually, we propose to automate the protocol development process using a formal approach. This paper presents our approach to the automated design and the implementation of application-specific communication protocols based on information provided by the application. Starting from the formal description of an application, our approach is based on a tool called “Protocol Compiler” that will automatically produce the implementation of a communication protocol tailored to the application. The formalism we use is ESTEREL, a synchronous reactive language dedicated to the description of Real-Time systems. Protocol description and verification using ESTEREL are described, as well as protocol implementation principles.
Drawing on the right brain for aphasia recovery (2016)

Champions of the right brain as a wheelhouse for cognition in stroke recovery, take heart. Evidence inconsistent with Marcel Kinsbourne's theory of transcallosal interhemispheric inhibition1 has long been available. However, some researchers maintain that the main influence of right brain regions in patients with aphasia due to stroke is to further disrupt or reduce the functional activation of already damaged left brain language networks. The study presented by Pani et al.2 in this issue of Neurology ® will help restore depth to this important issue.
A 12-bits resolver-to-digital converter using complex twin PLL for accurate mechanical angle measurement (2005)

We developed a 12-bits resolver to digital converter with a new architecture. The proposed complex twin PLL architecture tracks a mechanical angle offset by the carrier frequency, i.e. /spl omega//sub 0/t /spl plusmn/ /spl theta//sub (t)/. Phase detectors using pseudo sine-wave generation, offset trackings and complex domain PLL avoid complicated functions as sine/cosine ROM, ADC/DAC, up-down counter and bidirectional VCO. This LSI was fabricated in Bi-CMOS technology with 0.6-/spl mu/m bipolar / 1.4-/spl mu/m CMOS, and consumes 34-mA from 5-V power supply.
Evidence of glycemia‐lowering effect by aCynara scolymusL. extract in normal and obese rats (2010)

Several recent preliminary clinical studies have suggested that artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae family) preparations may be capable of lowering post-prandial glycemia. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis in laboratory rats. To this aim, non-selected Wistar and genetically obese Zucker rats were treated acutely with a purified extract of Cynara scolymus flowering heads (500-1500 mg/kg by gavage) immediately prior to 1 h access to a fixed amount of food. Glycemia was recorded 60, 120 and 360 min after food presentation. Treatment with Cynara scolymus flowering head extract resulted in a significant decrease of post-prandial glycemia in both rat strains. The lack of any fiber content in this Cynara scolymus flowering head extract excludes the involvement of dietary fibers in glycemia reduction. The results obtained constitute the first evidence of a hypoglycemic effect of an artichoke preparation in laboratory rodents and confirm previous observations made in humans.
<sup>7</sup>Li NMR and ESR Analysis of Lithium Storage in Hard Carbon Materials (1998)

Microstructures of hard carbon(non-graphitizable carbon)matcdals heat-treated at various temperatures were characterized by the pore distribution and X-my diffraction(XRD)methodsLithium storage was discussed on the basis of XRD7Li nuclear magnetic resonImce(NMR)Imd e1tron spinesonance(ESR)data of lithiated had carbonsHard carbons could be divided into three types aording to the difference of lithium insertion mhanism and prcparation tempemturesThe hard carbons heat-trcated below700showed NMR and ESR profiles similar to thosc for sofcarbon heat-treated below700Two or three different signals were obscrved in7Li NMR and ESR profiles oflitkiated hard crbons hcat-tre1at700-1600These signals are considered to be related to the irreversible lithium storage in an unorganized carbontheeversible lithium intcrcalation into disordcred stacking layeand lithium inseion into namo-poresThe carbons hcat-treated above l600C showcd the same behavior as turbostratic disordered carbonLithium is considered to be intercalated into disofdered carbon stacking layers 1 1NTRODUCTION Carbon materials have been extensively investigated as anodes for lithium-ion batteries in order to advance the perfomance of batteries Lithium insertion mhanism into carbons and characteristics of lithium storage site have also been investigated Lithiated graphite and highly graphitized carbons have been extensively studie1 by electrhemica1ethods and the XRD meth-od1-5)Graphite and its intercalation compound (GIC)are particularly promising suects for study by virtue of tbeir unique physical properties Many physical stu(1iessuch as those conceming structure 66No12(1998)
Blockade of Peroxynitrite-Induced Neural Stem Cell Death in the Acutely Injured Spinal Cord by Drug-Releasing Polymer (2009)

Therapeutic impact of neural stem cells (NSCs) for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has been limited by the rapid loss of donor cells. Neuroinflammation is likely the cause. As there are close temporal-spatial correlations between the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression and the donor NSC death after neurotrauma, we reasoned that NO-associated radical species might be the inflammatory effectors which eliminate NSC grafts and kill host neurons. To test this hypothesis, human NSCs (hNSCs: 5 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(6) per milliliter) were treated in vitro with "plain" medium, 20 microM glutamate, or donors of NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-); 100 and 400 microM of spermine or DETA NONOate, and SIN-1, respectively). hNSC apoptosis primarily resulted from SIN-1 treatment, showing ONOO(-)-triggered protein nitration and the activation of p38 MAPK, cytochrome c release, and caspases. Therefore, cell death following post-SCI (p.i.) NO surge may be mediated through conversion of NO into ONOO(-). We subsequently examined such causal relationship in a rat model of dual penetrating SCI using a retrievable design of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold seeded with hNSCs that was shielded by drug-releasing polymer. Besides confirming the ONOO(-)-induced cell death signaling, we demonstrated that cotransplantation of PLGA film embedded with ONOO(-) scavenger, manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin, or uric acid (1 micromol per film), markedly protected hNSCs 24 hours p.i. (total: n = 10). Our findings may provide a bioengineering approach for investigating mechanisms underlying the host microenvironment and donor NSC interaction and help formulate strategies for enhancing graft and host cell survival after SCI.
Perspectives on informative Bayesian methods in pediatrics (2023)

Bayesian methods have been proposed as a natural fit for pediatric extrapolation, as they allow the incorporation of relevant external data to reduce the required sample size and hence trial burden for the pediatric patient population. In this paper we will discuss our experience and perspectives with these methods in pediatric trials. We will present some of the background and thinking underlying pediatric extrapolation and discuss the use of Bayesian methods within this context. We will present two recent case examples illustrating the value of a Bayesian approach in this setting and present perspectives on some of the issues that we have encountered in these and other cases.
Automated pattern-guided principal component analysis vs expert-based immunophenotypic classification of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: a step forward in the standardization of clinical immunophenotyping (2010)

Immunophenotypic characterization of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD) is becoming increasingly complex due to usage of progressively larger panels of reagents and a high number of World Health Organization (WHO) entities. Typically, data analysis is performed separately for each stained aliquot of a sample; subsequently, an expert interprets the overall immunophenotypic profile (IP) of neoplastic B-cells and assigns it to specific diagnostic categories. We constructed a principal component analysis (PCA)-based tool to guide immunophenotypic classification of B-CLPD. Three reference groups of immunophenotypic data files-B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL; n = 10), mantle cell (MCL; n = 10) and follicular lymphomas (FL; n = 10)--were built. Subsequently, each of the 175 cases studied was evaluated and assigned to either one of the three reference groups or to none of them (other B-CLPD). Most cases (89%) were correctly assigned to their corresponding WHO diagnostic group with overall positive and negative predictive values of 89 and 96%, respectively. The efficiency of the PCA-based approach was particularly high among typical B-CLL, MCL and FL vs other B-CLPD cases. In summary, PCA-guided immunophenotypic classification of B-CLPD is a promising tool for standardized interpretation of tumor IP, their classification into well-defined entities and comprehensive evaluation of antibody panels.
Spread ambiguity functions (1988)

A generalized spread ambiguity function is defined, and its relationship to P.M. Woodward's (1953) ambiguity function for different models is developed. A derivation and discussion of the properties of the spread ambiguity function are presented. It is shown that smoothing the ambiguity function by the scattering function of the channel does not alter the properties of the ambiguity function. Measures of RMS correlation time and RMS correlation bandwidth of nonstationary processes are defined. An example is given to demonstrate how spread ambiguity functions can be used to help in signal design when dealing with doubly spread targets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 22-bp fragment of the pea lectin promoter containing essential TGAC-like motifs confers seed-specific gene expression. (1993)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for seed-specific gene expression in plants, the promoter of the pea lectin (psl) gene, encoding an abundant seed protein, was used as a model. Leaf and seed nuclear proteins bound to a region in the psl promoter containing three overlapping TGAC-like motifs, which have been shown to be a binding site for basic/leucine zipper proteins, including TGA1a. A trimer of a 22-bp region of the psl promoter, containing the TGAC-like motifs, coupled to a heterologous minimal promoter conferred low reporter gene expression in root, stem, and leaf and high expression in seed of transgenic tobacco. Expression increased during the midmaturation stage of seed development and was observed in the endosperm as well as in the embryo, where it strongly decreased within a few days after germination. This expression pattern is qualitatively identical to the expression pattern conferred by a 2000-bp fragment of the psl promoter. Nucleotides within the TGAC-like motifs important for in vitro binding are also essential for in vivo transcription activation in vegetative tissue as well as in seed. The electrophoretic mobility of a DNA-protein complex containing seed nuclear protein was different from that formed with leaf nuclear protein. Furthermore, the TGA1a steady state mRNA level in immature seed was relatively low. These results suggest that a seed-specific factor different from TGA1a, but with similar binding specificity, is responsible for gene activation in seed. We conclude that the 22-bp region contains all the information, including an essential TGAGTCATCA sequence, necessary for seed-specific expression and very likely plays an essential role in the seed-specific expression pattern of the psl gene.
A Virtual Screening Approach to Finding Novel and Potent Antagonists at the Melanin-Concentrating Hormone 1 Receptor (2004)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) has been known to be an appetite-stimulating peptide for a number of years. However, it is only recently that MCH has been discovered to be the natural ligand for a previously "orphan" G-protein-coupled receptor, now designated MCH-1R. This receptor has been shown to mediate the effects of MCH on appetite and body weight, and consequently, drug discovery programs have begun to exploit this information in the search for MCH-1R antagonists for the treatment of obesity. In this paper, we report the rapid discovery of multiple, structurally distinct series of MCH-1R antagonists using a variety of virtual screening techniques. The most potent of these compounds (12) demonstrated an IC(50) value of 55 nM in the primary screen and exhibited antagonist properties in a functional cellular assay measuring Ca(2+) release. More potent compounds were identified by follow-up searches around the initial hit. A proposed binding mode for compound 12 in a homology model of the MCH-1R is also presented.
Influence of the pixel size of the camera in 3D measurements with fringe projection (2003)

The projection of fringes onto objects in some 3D-measurement systems has two main reasons: First, to solve the problem of homologous points for the camera images and second, to create a continuous metric in the object space. The second effect leads to the well-known sub-pixeling accuracy. The accuracy of such measurement systems is not limited by the pixel size of the camera. But, depending on some surface-discontinuities (i.e. steps) and the viewing direction of the camera, this principle is not valid for a certain number of pixels. When a camera is viewing "downstairs," these pixels get the phase information from the upper and the lower step. By using our very precise measurement system kolibri, this effect is evident on most complex technical surfaces and is clearly distinguished from statistical noise. We discuss the different circumstances of this effect and give a well-adapted algorithm for eliminating these errors.
MaskLab: Instance Segmentation by Refining Object Detection with Semantic and Direction Features (2018)

In this work, we tackle the problem of instance segmentation, the task of simultaneously solving object detection and semantic segmentation. Towards this goal, we present a model, called MaskLab, which produces three outputs: box detection, semantic segmentation, and direction prediction. Building on top of the Faster-RCNN object detector, the predicted boxes provide accurate localization of object instances. Within each region of interest, MaskLab performs foreground/background segmentation by combining semantic and direction prediction. Semantic segmentation assists the model in distinguishing between objects of different semantic classes including background, while the direction prediction, estimating each pixel's direction towards its corresponding center, allows separating instances of the same semantic class. Moreover, we explore the effect of incorporating recent successful methods from both segmentation and detection (i.e. atrous convolution and hypercolumn). Our proposed model is evaluated on the COCO instance segmentation benchmark and shows comparable performance with other state-of-art models.