gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Availability analysis of span-restorable mesh networks (2002)

The most common aim in designing a survivable network is to achieve restorability against all single span failures, with a minimal investment in spare capacity. This leaves dual-failure situations as the main factor to consider in quantifying how the availability of services benefit from the investment in restorability. We approach the question in part with a theoretical framework and in part with a series of computational routing trials. The computational part of the analysis includes all details of graph topology, capacity distribution, and the details of the restoration process, effects that were generally subject to significant approximations in prior work. The main finding is that a span-restorable mesh network can be extremely robust under dual-failure events against which they are not specifically designed. In a modular-capacity environment, an adaptive restoration process was found to restore as much as 95% of failed capacity on average over all dual-failure scenarios, even though the network was designed with minimal spare capacity to assure only single-failure restorability. The results also imply that for a priority service class, mesh networks could provide even higher availability than dedicated 1+1 APS. This is because there are almost no dual-failure scenarios for which some partial restoration level is not possible, whereas with 1+1 APS (or rings) there are an assured number of dual-failure scenarios for which the path restorability is zero. Results suggest conservatively that 20% or more of the paths in a mesh network could enjoy this ultra-high availability service by assigning fractional recovery capacity preferentially to those paths upon a dual failure scenario.
Abstract P016: Human Mesenchymal Bone Marrow--Derived Stem Cells Require Connexin 43 to Form Beating 3-Dimensional Tubes When Cocultured with Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have begun to manifest themselves as a safe and beneficial therapy for restoring cardiac function in failing hearts. However, the mechanism underlying this function is unclear. The present study was initiated to investigate the role of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in hMSC integration, migration and differentiation in co-culture with neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRVMs) in vitro. Cx43 is a gap junction connexin which is required for proper heart development and heart electrophysiology. We generated lentiviral constructs for Cx43 knockdown and Cx43 overexpression and used them to alter the level of Cx43 in hMSCs. The effectiveness of these vectors was confirmed by assessing Cx43 levels in hMSCs by Western Blot analysis and by Real Time-PCR. These hMSCs were co-cultured with NRVMs for up to 1 month on poly-lysine and collagen I coated glass cover slips. Co-cultures containing MSCs overexpressing Cx43 exhibited coordinated beating and three-dimensional tube formation in 10 days, whereas 14 days were required for control cells. The hMSCs were integrated into these beating three dimensional tubes. No tubes were observed in co-cultures with Cx43 knockdown hMSCs, rather we observed the formation of small, unconnected beating spheres after 30 days in co-culture. Human MSC-Cx43 knockdown cells were integrated into these spheres and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that Cx43 expression in hMSC-Cx43 knockdown remained reduced when compared to the control group. Real Time-PCR analysis using human specific primers showed significant upregulation of KDR, smooth muscle actin, Pecam1, CD34, CDH2, and CaCNA1C. Several genes, not initially seen in hMSCs, including Gata4, CDH5, SCN5A, SLC8A1, and KCNQ1, appeared in co-cultures with hMSCs with normal and elevated expression levels of Cx43. However, in co-culture of cardiomyocytes with Cx43 knockdown MSCs we observed downregulation of KDR, CHD2, SCN5A, SLC8A1, KCNQ1 compare to control. These results suggest a strong correlation between the presence of Cx43 and the ability of hMSCs to differentiate into cardiac and endothelial lineages.
Conversion of Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers and bilayers of poly(amic acid) through polyimide to graphene (2016)

Various solid carbon sources, particularly poly(methyl methacrylate), have been used as precursors to graphene. The corresponding growth process generally involves the decomposition of the solids to hydrocarbon gases followed by their adsorption on metallic substrates (e.g., Cu). We report a different approach that uses a thermally-resistant polyimide (PI) as a carbon precursor. Langmuir-Blodgett films of poly(amic acid) (PAA) were transferred to copper foils and then converted to graphene via a PI intermediate. The Cu foil substrate was also discovered to facilitate the orientation of aromatic moieties upon carbonization process of the PI. As approximately 50% of the initial quantity of the PAA was found to remain at 1000 degrees C, thermally-stable polymers may reduce the quantity of starting material required to prepare high quality films of graphene. Graphene grown using this method featured a relatively large domain size and an absence of adventitious adlayers.
Multi-functional video-rate optical coherence tomography microscopy (2007)

A swept source OCT system capable of simultaneous imaging sample structural and blood flow information is demonstrated. This system has 3-D imaging capability which combines the advantages of OCT and microscopy in a single system.
Fuzzy decision tree to classify complex fractionated atrial electrograms (2015)

Abstract Catheter ablation has emerged as an effective treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) in recent years. During AF, complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) can be recorded and are known to be a potential target for ablation. Automatic algorithms have been developed to simplify CFAE detection, but they are often based on a single descriptor or a set of descriptors in combination with sharp decision classifiers. However, these methods do not reflect the progressive transition between CFAE classes. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic classification algorithm, which combines the information of a complete set of descriptors and allows for progressive and transparent decisions. We designed a method to automatically analyze CFAE based on a set of descriptors representing various aspects, such as shape, amplitude and temporal characteristics. A fuzzy decision tree (FDT) was trained and evaluated on 429 predefined electrograms. CFAE were classified into four subgroups with a correct rate of 81±3%. Electrograms with continuous activity were detected with a correct rate of 100%. In addition, a percentage of certainty is given for each electrogram to enable a comprehensive and transparent decision. The proposed FDT is able to classify CFAE with respect to their progressive transition and may allow objective and reproducible CFAE interpretation for clinical use.
The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28 negatively regulates the BIK1-mediated PAMP-induced calcium burst (2015)

Plants are protected from microbial infection by a robust immune system. Two of the earliest responses mediated by surface-localized immune receptors include an increase in cytosolic calcium (Ca(2+)) and a burst of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Arabidopsis plasma membrane-associated cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 is an immediate convergent substrate of multiple surface-localized immune receptors that is genetically required for the PAMP-induced Ca(2+) burst and directly regulates ROS production catalyzed by the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. We recently demonstrated that Arabidopsis plants maintain an optimal level of BIK1 through a process of continuous degradation regulated by the Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase CPK28. cpk28 mutants accumulate more BIK1 protein and display enhanced immune signaling, while plants over-expressing CPK28 accumulate less BIK1 protein and display impaired immune signaling. Here, we show that CPK28 additionally contributes to the PAMP-induced Ca(2+) burst, supporting its role as a negative regulator of BIK1.
PC software interfaces into AC inverters: opportunities, limitations, and required developments (2003)

As the design of AC inverters tends to increasingly include sophisticated micro-controllers, the potential of these micro-controllers to communicate with software running on the PC is correspondingly enhanced. PC software interfaces into AC inverters are desirable to facilitate such important tasks as: (1) on-site or remote control and monitoring, (2) data logging, (3) reporting of error or unsafe conditions, and (4) remote group control of distributed inverters, either over the Internet or a dedicated network.
MSC-PoL: Hybrid GaN-Si Multistacked Switched Capacitor 48V PwrSiP VRM for Chiplets (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This paper presents a multistack switched-capacitor point-of-load (MSC-PoL) voltage regulation module (VRM) with coupled magnetics for ultrahigh-current chiplet systems. In the MSC-PoL architecture, the stacked switched-capacitor cells split the high input voltage into several intermediate voltage rails, which are loaded with the switched-inductor cells to achieve soft charging and voltage regulation. Automatic capacitor voltage balancing and inductor current sharing are realized during the soft charging process. Many inductors of the switched-inductor cells are coupled into one and operated in interleaving to reduce the inductor current ripple and boost the transient speed. A 48-to-1-V/450-A VRM containing two MSC-PoL modules is built and tested, leveraging high voltage GaN devices for the front-end and high current Silicon devices for the back-end. Two ladder-structured coupled inductor designs are developed and compared, one of which installs a leakage magnetic plate to adjust the leakage inductance for lower current ripple. Featuring 3D stacked packaging, the entire power stage, gate drivers, and bootstrap circuits of one MSC-PoL module are enclosed into a 1/16-brick/0.31-in&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/6-mm-thick package. The peak and the full-load efficiencies as well as the full-load power density (including both gate loss and size) of the MSC-PoL prototype with and without using the leakage plate are 91.7% and 89.5%, 85.8% and 85.6%, and 621 W/in&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and 724 W/in&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. The 6-mm-thick MSC-PoL converter can be embedded into the chiplet or CPU socket, enabling power-supply-in-package (PwrSiP) for extreme efficiency, density, and control bandwidth.&lt;/p&gt;
Fibras opticas com perfis otimizados para amplificadores parametricos (2009)

A proposta deste trabalho projetar perfis de fibra ptica para uso em amplificadores paramtricos que, alm de apresentarem uma banda larga, sejam tambm robustos em relao fabricao. Implementamos um mtodo eficiente de soluo modal para fibras pticas com perfis multicamadas para calcular a disperso da fibra. Atravs de um algoritmo gentico padro, otimizamos os perfis para posicionar os zeros de disperso no centro da banda de amplificao desejada e tornlos robustos a deformidades geomtricas. Por fim, avaliamos o desempenho dos perfis obtidos comparando-os a perfis mais usuais na construo de amplificadores. Inclumos um modelo de flutuaes nos parmetros de fabricao das fibras para efetivamente demonstrar a evoluo na robustez dos perfis otimizados. As avaliaes foram feitas com base em dois mtodos: o modelo de quatro ondas; e o SSFM (Split-Step Fourier Method), utilizado para validar o primeiro. Como resultados apresentamos: (a) perfis de fibras com propriedades otimizadas na construo de amplificadores paramtricos; e (b) dados
A novel high-Q<inf>u</inf> octave-tunable resonator with lumped tuning elements (2013)

This paper presents a novel design of high-quality factor (Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> ) continuously-tunable resonator compatible with standard PCB fabrication technology. The proposed resonator is tuned by lumped element varactors placed on the top surface of a substrate-integrated evanescent-mode cavity, thus significantly reducing the complexity of integration without sacrificing Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> . The proposed design approach is compatible with a variety of tuning elements, including solid-state, ferroelectric, and RF-MEMS varactors. A tunable resonator with solid-state varactors is demonstrated to validate this design approach. The resonator surpasses the state-of-the-art with a frequency tuning range of 0.5-1.2 GHz (tuning ratio of 2.4 : 1) and Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> of 82-197. An RF-MEMS varactor enabled tunable resonator based on the same design further shows Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> of 240 at 6.6 GHz.
Relationship between Surface Conductivity and Induced Polarisation Parameters (2013)

Interpretation of resistivity measurements is often uncertain as resistivity is controlled by pore fluid chemistry, moisture content and lithology. Induced polarisation measurements may help to reduce this uncertainty as they are primarily controlled by lithology and, relative to resistivity measurements, weakly dependent on pore fluid chemistry. In order to exploit this potential, we have investigated the relationship between the surface conductivity appearing in petrophysical models for resistivity and the imaginary conductivity measured with induced polarisation. It has previously been suggested that imaginary conductivity can be used to estimate the surface conductivity if the ratio of surface polarisation to surface conduction (l) is known. However, a detailed investigation of this ratio has not hitherto been reported. We performed a study on an extensive database of sandstone and unconsolidated samples where resistivity and induced polarisation measurements were acquired as a function of salinity. The surface conductivity was estimated assuming a simple parallel conduction model where conduction through interconnected pores and conduction along interconnected pore surfaces add in parallel. The surface conductivity exhibits a weak salinity dependence that is similar in shape to the salinity dependence of the imaginary conductivity. This finding suggests that l is only weakly dependent on salinity.
Engineered Collagen: A Redox Switchable Framework for Tunable Assembly and Fabrication of Biocompatible Surfaces (2017)

Collagen, processed into several morphologies and originating from various sources, has long since been used as a biocompatible material that can assist wound healing and tissue regeneration. With the advent of biotechnology and solid-phase peptide synthesis, new possibilities arise to create rationally designed biomaterials based on collagen sequences incorporating new functionalities while maintaining the beneficial properties of natural collagen. In this study a new class of synthetic collagen materials is presented, defined by its simplistic core structure and its therefore predictable behavior. These so-called eCols (engineered collagens) consist of a varying number of Gly-Pro-Pro repeats, a redox-switchable aminoterminal nucleation site and an optional carboxyterminal cell adhesion motif. We show which of these proteins are able to self-assemble into triple helices and cross-linked gelatinous networks and provide insights into their cytocompatibility in vitro.
Characterization of a Group of MITEs with Unusual Features from Two Coral Genomes (2010)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of MITEs from coral genomes. Proliferation of CMITEs seems to be related to the transposition machinery of piggyBac-like autonomous transposons. The highly conserved internal region of CMITEs suggests a potential role for this region in their successful transposition. However, the origin of these unusual features in CMITEs remains unclear, and thus represents an intriguing topic for future investigations.
Advanced copy propagation for arrays (2003)

The focus of this paper is on a data flow-transformation called advanced copy propagation.After an array is assigned, we can, under certain conditions, replace a read from this array by the righthand side of the assignment.If so, the intermediate assignment can be skipped.In case it becomes dead code, it can be eliminated.Where necessary we distinguish between the different elements of arrays as well as the different runtime instances of statements, allowing us to do propagation over global loop and condition scopes.We have formalized two basic operations: non-recursive propagation that operates on two statements and recursive propagation that operates on one statement.A global algorithm uses these two operations to do propagation on code involving any number of statements.Running our prototype implementation on some multimedia kernels shows that we can get a decrease in memory acesses between 22% and 43%.
Three-dimensional Transfer-function of an Inhomogeneously Broadened Atomic Medium for All Optical Spatio-Temporal Video Clip Correlation (2015)

We show that an opto-atomic spatio-temporal correlator that recognizes rapidly a video clip contained in a video file in a temporally and spatially shift invariant manner can be modeled as a one-term, three-dimensional transfer function.
Rituximab for treating multiple sclerosis (2016)

Physicians commonly use drugs off-label. A medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies for one indication may be useful for treating others. An example is rituximab, which is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 on B cells. Rituximab lyses the targeted cells, resulting in prolonged depletion of circulating B cells. It is approved to treat B-cell malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener granulomatosis, and microscopic polyarteritis. However, neurologists have successfully used rituximab off-label to treat neuroimmunologic diseases, including neuromyelitis optica, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune encephalitis, and autoimmune neuropathies and myopathies.1
CT of Splenosis: Patterns and Pitfalls (2012)

Radiologists can suggest or establish the correct diagnosis of splenosis in the appropriate clinical setting, particularly in less typical cases, to avert unnecessary tissue sampling.
Processing and High Temperature Properties of Nb/Nb5Si3 Laminates (2004)

Abstract : The primary objective of this project was to study the processing and high-temperature deformation of laminated Nb/Nb5Si3 composites. Our initial goal was to control the grain size and porosity present in the Nb5Si3 silicide phase of the composite by developing improved processing techniques. For this part of the project we investigated four processing routes including hot pressing during annealing, vapor deposition onto a heated substrate, annealing under a large thermal gradient, and hot pressmg elemental Nb/Si microlaminates. The final processing method proved most promising and demonstrated that full dense Nb/Nb5Si3 microlaminates can be processed with large grains and no metastable phases. Our subsequent goal was to characterize the deformation of Nb/Nb5Si3 microlaminates at high temperatures and determine the controlling deformation mechanisms in both phases. We demonstrated that the creep rate of the silicide phase at 1000 degrees centigrade and 1100 degrees centigrade has a nonlinear dependence (or weak power law dependence) on stress and a very strong dependence on grain size, larger than the 1/d3 dependence expected for Coble creep, which is the predicted deformation mechanism at these temperatures and stresses (10-100MPa). For the Nb phase at 600 degrees centigrade power law creep is observed under high stresses with no grain size dependence, a expected. Under lower stresses, diffusional creep is observed, also as expected. However, unlike conventional diffusional creep, this data set shows a weak, 1/d, grain size dependence and an approximately linear stress dependence (1.0). The data support an earlier hypothesis that the rate of vacancy generation and annihilation controls diffusional creep in fine-grained samples, not the rate of vacancy diffusion.
N2O5 photolysis products investigated by fluorescence and optoacoustic techniques (1985)

Abstract Pulsed laser photolysis of N 2 O 5 near 290 nm coupled with fluorescence detection (calibrated by NO 2 photolysis) showed that the O( 3 P) quantum yield is ≤0.1. A pulsed laser optoacoustic technique in a flow tube (ca. 6 torr of N 2 ) was tested by photolysis of NO 2 and then applied to N 2 O 5 . Nitric oxide was added to react with NO 3 free radical and the resulting increase in the optoacoustic signal confirmed the presence of NO 3 free radicals. Based on the relative optoacoustic signals observed for NO 2 and N 2 O 5 , the quantum yield for NO 3 production is 0.8 ± 0.2.
Methods, systems and apparatus for approximation of peak summed fundamental and third harmonic voltages in a multi-phase machine (2023)

Methods, system and apparatus are provided for quickly approximating a peak summed magnitude (A) of a phase voltage (Vph) waveform in a multi-phase system that implements third harmonic injection.
ChemInform Abstract: Anthracene‐9,10‐diones as Potential Anticancer Agents. Synthesis, DNA‐ Binding, and Biological Studies on a Series of 2,6‐Disubstituted Derivatives. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental Demonstration of Dynamic Spatiotemporal Structured Beams that Exhibit Two Orbital-Angular-Momenta Simultaneously Using a Kerr Frequency Comb (2021)

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of dynamic spatiotemporal structured beams that exhibit two orbital-angular-momenta simultaneously using a Kerr frequency comb. The mode purity of the revolving and rotating LG 30 beam is obtained to be ~89%.
Examination of the temperature dependent electronic behavior of GeTe for switching applications (2016)

The DC and RF electronic behaviors of GeTe-based phase change material switches as a function of temperature, from 25 K to 375 K, have been examined. In its polycrystalline (ON) state, GeTe behaved as a degenerate p-type semiconductor, exhibiting metal-like temperature dependence in the DC regime. This was consistent with the polycrystalline (ON) state RF performance of the switch, which exhibited low resistance S-parameter characteristics. In its amorphous (OFF) state, the GeTe presented significantly greater DC resistance that varied considerably with bias and temperature. At low biases (&amp;lt;1 V) and temperatures (&amp;lt;200 K), the amorphous GeTe low-field resistance dramatically increased, resulting in exceptionally high amorphous-polycrystalline (OFF-ON) resistance ratios, exceeding 109 at cryogenic temperatures. At higher biases and temperatures, the amorphous GeTe exhibited nonlinear current-voltage characteristics that were best fit by a space-charge limited conduction model that incorporates the effect of a defect band. The observed conduction behavior suggests the presence of two regions of localized traps within the bandgap of the amorphous GeTe, located at approximately 0.26–0.27 eV and 0.56–0.57 eV from the valence band. Unlike the polycrystalline state, the high resistance DC behavior of amorphous GeTe does not translate to the RF switch performance; instead, a parasitic capacitance associated with the RF switch geometry dominates OFF state RF transmission.