gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Duodenal Mucosal Resurfacing for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2018)

Type 2 diabetes is a pandemic disease with an incidence that has risen steadily over recent decades. Experimental evidence in animals has demonstrated that intestinal bypass surgery of the upper small intestine, particularly the duodenum, has an important role in glucose homoeostasis. Furthermore, Roux-en-Y bypass performed as bariatric surgery has shown to correct hyperglycaemia from the first postoperative days in obese diabetic patients. Therefore, on the basis of these considerations, duodenal mucosal resurfacing was studied in type 2 diabetes patients as a minimally invasive procedure that could offer an alternative treatment for these patients. Further studies, and particularly large controlled trials, are needed to determine the place of this procedure in the treatment of type 2 diabetes as well as other metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
IL-7 Modulates In Vitro and In Vivo Human Memory T Regulatory Cell Functions through the CD39/ATP Axis (2013)

The heterogeneity of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) may explain the discrepancies between studies on Tregs in physiology and pathology. Contrasting effects of IL-7 on the expansion and survival of human Tregs were reported. Therefore, we investigated the effects of IL-7 on the phenotype and function of well-characterized populations of human Tregs. We show that IL-7 signals via the CD127 receptor on naive, memory, and activated memory Tregs sorted from the blood of healthy donors, but it does not affect their proliferation. In contrast, IL-7 affects their suppressive capacities differently. This effect was modest on naive Tregs but was dramatic (90%) on memory Tregs. We provide evidence that IL-7 exerts a synergistic effect through downmodulation of the ectoenzyme CD39, which converts ATP to ADP/AMP, and an increase in ATP receptor P2X7. Both effects lead to an increase in the ATP-mediated effect, tipping the balance to favor Th17 conversion. Using an IL-7 therapeutic study, we show that IL-7 exerts the same effects in vitro and in vivo in HIV-infected individuals. Globally, our data show that IL-7 negatively regulates Tregs and contributes to increase the number of tools that may affect Treg function in pathology.
Multi-Criteria Performance Assessment for Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Windows in Different Climate Contexts (2021)

Semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) windows, one of the building façade elements, can generate electricity and provide a certain amount of daylight for occupants. Nevertheless, expensive cost and unsatisfying indoor daylight performance in the room are common problems with STPV windows. This study investigates the thermal, daylight, energy, and life-cycle cost performance of STPV windows by considering varied window-to-wall ratios, building orientations, and STPV module types. The electricity balance index (elBI) indicator is proposed as one of the performance evaluation criteria. Two types of building models are established for this study: a rig-test building as the baseline building model and a KAIST campus research facility as the test building model along with the actual measurements and simulations using DesignBuilder. Results show that the STPV window in the Mediterranean climate demonstrates higher efficiency based on the elBI indicator. Decision-making analysis using the analytic hierarchy process and PROMETHEE II found weighting rates of 0.309, 0.076, and 0.465 for elBI, comfort, and cost criteria, respectively. Furthermore, lighting energy consumption becomes a critical variable for STPV module type selection, while a simple ON/OFF lighting control system can improve the elBI value by 0.02 ~ 0.04. Our research findings could potentially improve the decision-making process for building and urban energy systems selection in different climate types.
Synergistic Effect and Antibiofilm Activity of a Skin and Wound Cleanser. (2020)

The experimental and calculated results indicate the 3 components (VD, EDTA, and PHMB) when used together act synergistically to eradicate MRSA and P aeruginosa biofilms in vitro.
The importance of control over bubble size distribution in pulsed megasonic cleaning (2012)

The presence of acoustic cavitation in the cleaning liquid is a crucial precondition for cleaning action. One can achieve enhanced cleaning by periodically switching the ultrasonic agitation on and off rather than sonicating the liquid in a continuous fashion. The physical effects leading to that improvement are investigated experimentally with a dedicated setup and correlated to cleaning results obtained in an experimental cleaning tank. With the first setup, sonoluminescence and cavitation noise are measured simultaneously while imaging the nucleation and the interaction of the bubbles with the sound field using Hi-Speed Stroboscopic Schlieren Imaging. In this way it is possible to identify the role of streamer bubbles and transient cavitation. Furthermore, the attenuation of the sound field due to the highly efficient bubble induced acoustic scattering and the growth of bubbles due to coalescence is investigated. The results give an idea of the stability of the bubble size distribution during and after the nucleation process. The measurements obtained for pulsed megasonic agitation are compared to that obtained while sonicating the liquid continuously. They are further correlated to experimental data on particle removal efficiency for varying pulse duration, and corresponding cavitation noise measurements. Here, the latter proves to be a suitable and easy-to-do method to identify cleaning regimes beforehand. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.
Multicellular 3D Neurovascular Unit Model for Assessing Hypoxia and Neuroinflammation Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction (2020)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic component of the brain-vascular interface that maintains brain homeostasis and regulates solute permeability into brain tissue. The expression of tight junction proteins between adjacent endothelial cells and the presence of efflux proteins prevents entry of foreign substances into the brain parenchyma. BBB dysfunction, however, is evident in many neurological disorders including ischemic stroke, trauma, and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, major contributors to BBB dysfunction are not well understood. Here, we employed a multicellular 3D neurovascular unit organoid containing human brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and neurons to model the effects of hypoxia and neuroinflammation on BBB function. Organoids were cultured in hypoxic chamber with 0.1% O<sub>2</sub> for 24 hours. Organoids cultured under this hypoxic condition showed increased permeability, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and increased oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory agents, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, demonstrated protection by reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in the organoids under hypoxic conditions. Through the assessment of a free radical scavenger and an anti-inflammatory endocannabinoid, we hereby report the utility of the model in drug development for drug candidates that may reduce the effects of ROS and inflammation under disease conditions. This 3D organoid model recapitulates characteristics of BBB dysfunction under hypoxic physiological conditions and when exposed to exogenous neuroinflammatory mediators and hence may have potential in disease modeling and therapeutic development.
Myristoylated Alanine‐Rich Protein Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Regulates Small GTPase Rac1 and Cdc42 Activity and Is a Critical Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration in Intimal Hyperplasia Formation (2015)

MARCKS upregulation increases VSMC motility by activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. These effects are mediated by MARCKS sequestering PIP2 at the plasma membrane. This study delineates a novel mechanism for MARCKS-mediated VSMC migration and supports the rational for MARCKS knockdown to prevent intimal hyperplasia.
Measuring Copper in Seawater - An Automated Detection of Copper Binding Capacity (2003)

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information.
Variational Inference in Non-negative Factorial Hidden Markov Models for Efficient Audio Source Separation (2012)

The past decade has seen substantial work on the use of non-negative matrix factorization and its probabilistic counterparts for audio source separation. Although able to capture audio spectral structure well, these models neglect the non-stationarity and temporal dynamics that are important properties of audio. The recently proposed non-negative factorial hidden Markov model (N-FHMM) introduces a temporal dimension and improves source separation performance. However, the factorial nature of this model makes the complexity of inference exponential in the number of sound sources. Here, we present a Bayesian variant of the N-FHMM suited to an efficient variational inference algorithm, whose complexity is linear in the number of sound sources. Our algorithm performs comparably to exact inference in the original N-FHMM but is significantly faster. In typical configurations of the N-FHMM, our method achieves around a 30x increase in speed.
Throughput of high-speed TCP in optical burst switching networks (2005)

High-speed TCP (HSTCP) has been proposed to achieve high throughput in the high bandwidth and long-delay environment. The throughput of HSTCP is studied when the backbone network adopts the optical burst switching (OBS) technology. The study shows that small burst assembly time and a large burst loss ratio in OSB can reduce the throughput of HSTCP significantly, but HSTCP still performs much better than TCP.
Volar Subluxation of the Ulnar Head in Dorsal Translation Deformities of Distal Radius Fractures (2015)

These results emphasize the clinical importance of evaluating the magnitude of both dorsal translation and dorsal angulation when managing displaced distal radius fractures and malunions.
Endothelial cell plasticity at the single-cell level (2021)

The vascular endothelium is characterized by a remarkable level of plasticity, which is the driving force not only of physiological repair/remodeling of adult tissues but also of pathological angiogenesis. The resulting heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs) makes targeting the endothelium challenging, no less because many EC phenotypes are yet to be identified and functionally inventorized. Efforts to map the vasculature at the single-cell level have been instrumental to capture the diversity of EC types and states at a remarkable depth in both normal and pathological states. Here, we discuss new EC subtypes and functions emerging from recent single-cell studies in health and disease. Interestingly, such studies revealed distinct metabolic gene signatures in different EC phenotypes, which deserve further consideration for therapy. We highlight how this metabolic targeting strategy could potentially be used to promote (for tissue repair) or block (in tumor) angiogenesis in a tissue or even vascular bed-specific manner.
<title>Target-independent algorithms for description and structural matching of aerospace photographs</title> (2002)

The aim of investigation was developing the registration algorithms for the aerial and cosmic pictures taken in different seasons from differing viewpoints, formed by differing kinds of sensors (visible, IR, SAR). Structural matching was chosen as the only approach that could manage with the mentioned image differences. In the contrast to the target dependent structural analysis applied in the expert systems we dealt with the images of arbitrary content, thus the rigidity and opacity of landscape objects and the rules of shadowing were the only limitations applied. The simple contour elements corresponding to the objects borders were judged to be a most stable source of structural descriptions in this uncertain situation. However a large amount of similar simple elements produced a high dimensional structural matching task. It decreased the reliability of matching and exponentially increased the computational expenditures. We solved this problem building the hierarchical structural descriptions. We separated the structural elements to the rather small local groups and structurally matched them using the special tree walking algorithms. Two grouping approaches were applied: uniting the elements belonging to a continuous contour line, or uniting the ones situated in a separate compact region. The matching results were reliable both for the multiple season and multiple sensor images. The first approach demonstrates a slightly better precision, while the second one is slightly more robust and flexible, thus it can deal also with the structural elements of other nature: the compact regions formed in result of texture segmentation were also successfully structurally matched.
PC Cell-Derived Growth Factor Expression in Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Prostatic Adenocarcinoma (2004)

Our data suggest that the induction of PCDGF expression occurs during the development of PIN. PCDGF may be a new molecular target for the treatment and prevention of prostate cancer.
Identification of Infrared Spectral Features Related to Solution Structure for Utilization in Solubility and Supersaturation Measurements (1997)

Infrared spectra are abundant with information about the chemical nature and the molecular structure of chemical systems. Any perturbation to a chemical system is reflected in the infrared spectrum by subtle variations in band positions and shapes. The current contribution demonstrates that such features can be used for the measurement of system variables of crystallization processes such as solubility and supersaturation. In addition, the study demonstrates the consistency of the measurements made using a multitude of IR spectral features.
Gas-Transport-Property Performance of Hybrid Carbon Molecular Sieve−Polymer Materials (2010)

High-performance hybrid materials using carbon molecular sieve materials and 6FDA−6FpDA were produced. A detailed analysis of the effects of casting processes and the annealing temperature is reported. Two existing major obstacles, sieve agglomeration and residual stress, were addressed in this work, and subsequently a new membrane formation technique was developed to produce high-performing membranes. The successfully improved interfacial region of the hybrid membranes allows the sieves to increase the selectivity of the membranes above the neat polymer properties. Furthermore, an additional performance enhancement was seen with increased sieve loading in the hybrid membranes, leading to an actual performance above the upper bound for pure polymer membranes. The membranes were also tested under a mixed-gas environment, which further demonstrated promising results.
Data from HLA-DQB1*02–Restricted HPV-16 E7 Peptide–Specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immune Responses Correlate with Regression of HPV-16–Associated High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The fact that up to 30% of established high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the cervix regress spontaneously presents the opportunity to identify clinically relevant human papillomavirus (HPV) viral epitopes associated with disease outcome. Two human HPV antigens, E6 and E7, are functionally required for initiation and maintenance of cervical cancer precursor lesions and invasive cervical cancer. The identification and characterization of endogenously processed HPV antigenic epitopes in closely characterized patient cohorts will provide insight into the reasons for success or failure of therapeutic approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We characterized the HPV-16 E6/E7–specific T-cell epitopes using E6/E7 overlapping peptide pools with peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from normal healthy donors. We then analyzed the difference in the HPV-16 T-cell immune responses in HPV-16+ HSIL patients with or without spontaneous regression of lesions using the statistical methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We have identified an HPV-16 E7–specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell epitope [amino acids (aa) 71-85] that was restricted by HLA-DQB1*0201. Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 14 HLA-DQB1*02 patients with HPV-16&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; HSILs showed that the HPV-16+ E7 peptide (aa 71-85)–specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell immune response was significantly higher in the group of patients with regression compared with the patients without regression (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value &lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The HPV-16 E7 peptide–specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell immune response correlates with spontaneous regression of established HPV16+ HSILs. Thus, this E7 epitope may be useful for the characterization of HPV-specific immune responses in patients infected with HPV-16 or immunized with HPV vaccines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Open-Loop Correlation Reduction Precoding in Overloaded MIMO-OFDM Systems (2015)

This paper proposes an open-loop correlation reduction precoding scheme for overloaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In overloaded MIMO-OFDM systems, frequency diversity through joint maximum likelihood (ML) decoding suppresses performance degradation owing to spatial signal multiplexing. However, on a line-of-sight (LOS) channel, a channel matrix may have a large correlation between coded symbols transmitted on separate subcarriers. The correlation reduces the frequency diversity gain and deteriorates the signal separation capability. Thus, in the proposed scheme, open-loop precoding in order to reduce the correlation between codewords transmitted on different signal streams is employed at the transmitter of an overloaded MIMO system. The proposed precoding scheme changes the amplitude as well as the phase of the coded symbols transmitted on different subcarriers. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme improves the bit error rate performance on Rician channels.
Determination of thresholds for renal injury in a porcine model by focused ultrasound (2011)

Recently, a system that uses focused ultrasound to expel renal stone fragments from the kidney by radiation force was developed by Shah etal. [Urol. Res. 38, 491–495 (2010)]. A worst-case treatment protocol using this system would require a total exposure time of 10 min, with a spatial peak pulse average intensity (I_SPPA) of 3600 W/cm2 in water (16 MPa peak positive pressure) and a 3% duty cycle. As the system operates above the FDA limits for diagnostic ultrasound, our goal is to verify the safety of the system by determining the threshold for renal injury. A 2-MHz annular array generating I_SPPA up to 29 000 W/cm2 in water was placed on the surface of in vivo porcine kidneys and focused in the proximal parenchyma. Exposures of 10 min duration with varying I_SPPAs and duty cycles were repeated at least 6 times. Mechanical tissue damage and cell viability were evaluated histologically using H&amp;E, PAS, and NADH diaphorase stains. The proportion of samples showing injury was plotted versus duty cycle and I_SPPA. The results indicate that the system to expel renal stones operates below the threshold for kidney injury. [Work supported by NIH DK043881, DK086371, DK092197, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9–58.]
Tachykinin Antagonists Screening from Microbial Origin. (1996)

Data from several studies suggest that tachykinins mayplay an important role in the pathophysiology of airway diseases, especially asthma. Wehad a screening program for selective tachykinin antagonists of microbial products origin. In the previous papers we described the discovery and characterization of WS9326, FK224X'2)
A Gorilla Adenovirus-Based Vaccine against Zika Virus Induces Durable Immunity and Confers Protection in Pregnancy (2019)

The teratogenic potential of Zika virus (ZIKV) has made the development of an effective vaccine a global health priority. Here, we generate two gorilla adenovirus-based ZIKV vaccines that encode for pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins (GAd-Zvp) or prM and the ectodomain of E protein (GAd-Eecto). Both vaccines induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and prevent lethality after ZIKV challenge in mice. Protection is antibody dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell independent, and for GAd-Eecto requires the complement component C1q. Immunization of GAd-Zvp induces antibodies against a key neutralizing epitope on domain III of E protein and confers durable protection as evidenced by memory B and long-lived plasma cell responses and challenge studies 9 months later. In two models of ZIKV infection during pregnancy, GAd-Zvp prevents maternal-to-fetal transmission. The gorilla adenovirus-based vaccine platform encoding full-length prM and E genes is a promising candidate for preventing congenital ZIKV syndrome and possibly infection by other flaviviruses.
System and method for engine combustion (2023)

A combustion system for use with one or more cylinder bores of an internal combustion engine includes at least one cylinder head defining first and second intake ports in fluid communication with the one or more cylinder bores. A flap is adjustably connected to the at least one cylinder head. The flap includes a first flap portion cooperating with the first intake port extending from an arm and a second flap portion cooperating with the second intake port extending from the arm and disposed adjacent the first flap portion. A controller in electrical communication with an actuator monitors the condition of the engine and actuates the flap to position the first and second flap portions between first and second positions to create a first combustion condition and a second combustion condition.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Phosphorous- and Boron-Doped Graphene Using Phenyl-Containing Molecules (2014)

Simultaneous chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene and "in-situ" phosphorous or boron doping of graphene was accomplished using Triphenylphosphine (TPP) and 4-Methoxyphenylboronic acid (4-MPBA). The TPP and 4-MPBA molecules were sublimated and supplied along with CH4 molecules during graphene growth at atmospheric pressure. The grown graphene samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy. Phosphorous and boron presence in phosphorous and boron doped graphene was confirmed with Auger electron spectroscopy. The possibility of obtaining phosphorous and boron doped graphene using solid-source molecule precursors via CVD can lead to an easy and rapid production of modified large area graphene.
Dormancy and germination ecology of annual ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum Gaud.). (2003)

This paper explores the factors that regulate germination of weedy annual ryegrass (seed bank persistence; seed dormancy (role of dormancy, dynamics of dormancy release, genetic regulation of dormancy release and effects of seed maturation environment); environmental germination cues (temperature, light and soil chemistry); and maintenance of seed vigour) and considers the possibilities for the management and depletion of annual ryegrass seed banks (seed set control, tillage to promote germination and cover crops to change soil chemistry).
Characterization of H13 steel produced via electron beam melting (2004)

Electron beam melting (EBM) is a direct‐metal freeform fabrication technique in which a 4 kW electron beam is used to melt metal powder in a layer‐wise fashion. As this process is relatively new, there have not yet been any independently published studies on the H13 steel microstructural properties. This paper describes the EBM process and presents results of microstructural analyses on H13 tool steel processed via EBM.