gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
User Authentication on Smartphones: Focusing on iris biometrics (2016)

A Smartphone is defined as a "mobile phone that can be used as a small computer and that connects to the Internet" [23]. Even though the first smartphone-IBM Simon-was introduced more than two decades ago, the world witnessed an immense evolution of smartphones after the introduction of the first iPhone in 2007 [24]. The current smartphones we carry in our pocket are not only a computer, a phone, a database, an infinite jukebox, a camera, a locator, and all the information in the world on our fingertips but also a personal companion that is a part of our daily life [25]. It is speculated that the smartphone's role as a constant companion, helper, coach, and guardian has only just begun [26].
An improved one‐step method to prepare some diaza‐crown ethers and the cation complexation properties of 4,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 with two transition metal ions (1995)

Abstract 4,10‐Diaza‐15‐crown‐5, 4,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6, 4,13‐diaza‐21‐crown‐7, and 4,16‐diaza‐24‐crown‐8 were prepared by an improved method from the appropriate oligothylene glycol diiodides and diamines. The thermodynamic values of log K , Δ H and Δ S for the interaction of 4,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 with Pb 2+ and Ag + were determined by a calorimetric titration method and compared with thermodynamic values for interactions of 4,13‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 with the same cations. The thermodynamic values were found to be different for the two diaza‐crown ligands. 4,10‐Diaza‐18‐crown‐6 and its 4,13‐diaza‐crown analog formed precipitates when treated with Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Ni 2+ so that no thermodynamic data are reported for these interactions.
In Utero Transmission of Nipah Virus: Role Played by Pregnancy and Vertical Transmission in Henipavirus Epidemiology (2007)

How are viruses transmitted within infected organisms? How are they transmitted to other hosts? The answers to these questions are of critical importance for our understanding of viral pathogenesis and viral spread in susceptible animal and human populations. In utero motherto-fetus transmission of viruses is of particular interest, because it contains elements of both-transmission within an
Synthesis of a derivative of vancosamine, a component of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (1979)

T. T. Thang, F. Winternitz, A. Olesker, A. Lagrange and G. Lukacs, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 153 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000153
Mechanistic Insights of IscU Conformation Regulation for Fe–S Cluster Biogenesis Revealed by Variable-Temperature Electrospray Ionization Native Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (2022)

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster cofactors are required for the function of many critical cellular processes. These cofactors are assembled and inserted into apo target proteins by conserved Fe-S cluster biosynthetic pathways. In the ISC system of E. coli, the scaffold protein IscU assembles Fe-S cluster intermediates from iron, electrons, and inorganic sulfur, which is provided by the cysteine desulfurase enzyme IscS. IscU also binds to Zn, which mimics and competes for binding with the Fe-S cluster. Crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies reveal that IscU is a metamorphic protein that exists in multiple conformational states, which include at least a structured form and a disordered form. The structured form of IscU is favored by metal binding and is stable in a narrow temperature range, undergoing both cold and hot denaturation. However, there is controversy over whether the structured or disordered form of IscU binds to IscS and functions in Fe-S cluster assembly. The recent development of variable-temperature electrospray ionization (vT-ESI) native ion mobility mass spectrometry (nIM-MS) enables probing the temperature dependence of macromolecular conformation and binding events in a single experiment. Here, vT-ESI nIM-MS results established that IscU exists in structured, intermediate, and disordered conformations. IscU samples shift towards high-charge states that have more extended conformations under extreme temperatures, consistent with cold/heat denaturation. A comparison of Zn-IscU and apo-IscU reveals that Zn(II) binding (i) attenuates the cold/heat-denaturation of IscU and promotes the refolding of IscU; (ii) favors the structured aand intermediate conformations and inhibits the disordered high charge states; and (iii) attenuates collisional induced unfolding (CIU) of intermediate conformations. Moreover, IscS was shown to alter the local conformation around the IscU active site, resulting in weakened Zn(II) affinity. Overall, these findings provide structural rationalization of the role of Zn(II) on stabilizing IscU conformation and the role of IscS on altering the IscU active site to prepare for Zn(II) release and cluster synthesis. This work highlights how vT-ESI-nMS can be applied as a powerful tool in mechanistic enzymology by providing details of relationships among temperature, protein conformations, and ligand/protein binding.
C-Si hybrid photonic structures by full infiltration of conjugated polymers into porous silicon rugate filters (2018)

Loading of one-dimensional (1-D) porous silicon photonic crystals (PS-PhCs), known as rugate filters, with luminescent materials is generally limited by the potential for (undesired) “pore clogging,” in relation to the size of the nanoparticles (e.g. quantum dots) or molecular species, and so far mainly restricted to small molecular weight materials or small nanocrystals, or in situ polymerized dyes. Here we report the infiltration 1-D PS-PhCs with a green-emitting commercial luminescent polymer (F8BT, poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4,8-diyl)]), with a molecular weight of approximately 46 kDa across their whole depth (approximately 7.5 μm), thereby showing that pore clogging is not a concern for these structures. We also characterize the modification of the photoluminescence (PL) and decay rates, and investigate the detailed inner morphology of the filters with the help of (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. We observe both suppression (in the stop-band) and enhancement (at the high-energy band-edge) of the PL. We also find that the photonic stop-band is red-shifted after polymer infiltration, due to the increased effective refractive index of the polymer-infiltrated nanostructured system. The presence of just one unbroadened peak in the reflectance spectra after infiltration confirms that infiltration extends for the whole depth of the rugate filters.
Equilibrium Control in Bromomethylation: An Expedient Route to 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid (AMPA) (1993)

The excitatory amino acid 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) has been prepared in gram quantities in 42% total yield by a three-step procedure from 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole. It is shown how bromomethylation may be optimized through control of the involved equilibria and how N-protecting methoxymethyl groups can be removed.
Cryopreservation of 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds with Temperature-Controlled-Cryoprinting (2023)

Temperature-Controlled-Cryoprinting (TCC) is a new 3D bioprinting technology that allows for the fabrication and cryopreservation of complex and large cell-laden scaffolds. During TCC, bioink is deposited on a freezing plate that descends further into a cooling bath, keeping the temperature at the nozzle constant. To demonstrate the effectiveness of TCC, we used it to fabricate and cryopreserve cell-laden 3D alginate-based scaffolds with high cell viability and no size limitations. Our results show that Vero cells in a 3D TCC bioprinted scaffold can survive cryopreservation with a viability of 71%, and cell viability does not decrease as higher layers are printed. In contrast, previous methods had either low cell viability or decreasing efficacy for tall or thick scaffolds. We used an optimal temperature profile for freezing during 3D printing using the two-step interrupted cryopreservation method and evaluated drops in cell viability during the various stages of TCC. Our findings suggest that TCC has significant potential for advancing 3D cell culture and tissue engineering.
Two-Hybrid System and False Positives: Approahes to Detection and Elimination (2003)

The two-hybrid system has gained wide popularity in the last decade because of the relative ease and speed with which novel interacting proteins can be isolated. Because the two-hybrid approach is based on the interaction of hybrid proteins in a living yeast cell, it offers numerous advantages in comparison to traditional biochemical methods, including the avoidance of costly protein purifications or development of antibodies, and, consequently, great reduction in time required to identify novel protein partners. On the other hand, because two-hybrid screens rely on the indirect readout of transcriptional activation of reporter genes, they are intrinsically prone to distinct classes of artifacts related to the biasing of the transcriptional response. While two-hybrid assays have been quite successful at identifying real interactions (one estimate of success rate is ∼70% for usable baits; [1]), the vast majority of library screens also identify at least one protein that is presumed to be a false positive. The first part of this chapter discusses what classes of protein tend to isolate or be isolated as false positives, and the second part presents simple approaches to limit the occurrence of false positive.
Time course of cortical and zona reactions of pig oocytes upon intracellular calcium increase induced by thimerosal (1999)

Our previous study indicated that thimerosal is one of the most effective artificial activators to mimic sperm-induced increases in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and other activation events in pig oocytes (Macháty et al., 1997). The present study was conducted to examine the temporal relationship between intracellular calcium transients, cortical granule (CG) exocytosis and the zona reaction induced by thimerosal. When pig oocytes matured in vitro were exposed to 200 microM thimerosal the first intracellular calcium transient, with a mean peak ratio of 4.97 +/- 1.14, was observed 509.64 +/- 122.03 s after addition of thimerosal. The density of CGs fell significantly from 63.3 +/- 11.7 CGs/100 micron 2 of cortex in control oocytes to 25.7 +/- 19.2 CGs/100 micron 2 of cortex (59.4% release) at 2 min after the first intracellular calcium transient. At 5 min after the calcium transient the residual CG density had been reduced to 10.7 +/- 10.4 CGs/100 micron 2 of cortex (83.1% release). This degree of CG exocytosis was the same as that in oocytes penetrated by sperm (9.5 +/- 5.1 CGs/100 micron 2 of cortex). No further decrease in residual CG density was observed at 10 min (10.3 +/- 14.8 CGs/100 micron 2 of cortex). Whereas 77.4% (120/155) of control oocytes were penetrated by spermatozoa only 1.4% (2/144) of thimerosal-treated oocytes were penetrated. Further experimental results obtained by in vitro fertilisation of oocytes with preincubated (capacitated) spermatozoa suggested that the zona block to sperm penetration in thimerosal-treated oocytes occurred within 35 min after CG exocytosis and 40 min after the first calcium transient. These results indicate that polyspermic penetration of pig oocytes inseminated in vitro is not due to delayed or incomplete CG exocytosis but more likely to a delayed zona reaction and/or simultaneous sperm penetration.
Measurement and Estimation of the Equivalent Circuit Parameters for Multi-MW Battery Systems (2019)

This paper proposes and validates through simulations and measurements, a procedure for the determining the equivalent circuit parameters of large utility-scale batteries. It is considered that a large battery includes multiple cells connected in series and parallel, and therefore, its equivalent circuit can be represented as a series-parallel network of state of charge (SOC) dependent resistors and capacitors. Tests for determining these equivalent circuit parameters are proposed. These tests involve subjecting the battery energy storage system (BESS) to multiple charge and discharge cycles, while monitoring the terminal voltage and current response. A method for post-processing and analyzing the measurements in order to obtain an equivalent circuit model that accounts for the dynamic properties of the battery system and differences between the parameters of each cell is developed. The measurements and simulations are conducted for a 1MW/2MWh BESS demonstrator located at the Louisville Gas and Electric and Kentucky Utilities (LG&E and KU) E.W. Brown generating plant.
Crosstalk between substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide during heterotopic ossification in murine Achilles tendon (2017)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is abnormal bone formation within soft tissue, usually predisposed by neurogenic or musculoskeletal trauma. Inflammation resulting from trauma is considered to be the main trigger for HO by eliciting changes within the injury site, including elevation of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Recent research, however, has also associated changes in sensory neuropeptide expression with HO. Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are two of those neuropeptides that have been implicated with various aspects of HO, including regulation of inflammation and BMP signaling. Despite discoveries associating SP and CGRP with soft tissue HO, it remains unclear whether SP and CGRP have a direct role in the induction of HO. Here, we investigated the effect of SP and CGRP in vivo with the aid of inkjet-based biopatterning technology to controllably deliver these neuropeptides onto a murine Achilles tendon. While we did not observe any significant effect with CGRP, SP alone promoted HO in vivo with increased expression of BMP2. Remarkably, when SP and CGRP were delivered together, CGRP counteracted the effect of SP and essentially blocked SP-induced HO. This report contributes to the understanding of the complex problem of HO pathophysiology and warrants more study to better elucidate the interplay between SP and CGRP in the induction of HO. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1444-1455, 2018.
Supplemental Figure 1 from AGS16F Is a Novel Antibody Drug Conjugate Directed against ENPP3 for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. AGS16-7.8 and AGS16F do not bind to ENPP1 or ENPP2 proteins.&lt;/p&gt;
Surface structure and inert surface characteristics of perfluorodecanoic acid‐grafted polyurethane (1993)

Abstract The surface compositions and characteristics of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)‐grafted polyurethane (PU) were investigated to understand its enhanced blood compatibility. The grafting of PFDA was identified by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR). The results from angular‐dependent electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ADESCA) demonstrated the fluorocarbon enrichment at the outermost layer in PFDA‐grafted PU. Static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) experiments supported the results drawn from ATR–FTIR and ADESCA data about the surface compositions. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA) data by fluorine mapping also indicated a considerable coverage with fluoroalkyl groups on the PU–PFDA surface. The critical surface tension, γ c , of the highly hydrophobic PU–PFDA surface revealed an extremely low value of 6.9 dyn/cm due to the optimal orientation of CF 3 groups to the uppermost surface. Therefore, such an inert low‐energy surface may contribute to improve blood compatibility of PFDA‐grafted PU. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Subpocket Analysis Method for Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (2013)

Although two binding sites might be dissimilar overall, they might still bind the same fragments if they share suitable subpockets. Information about shared subpockets can be therefore used in fragment-based drug design to suggest new fragments or to replace existing fragments within an already known compound. A novel computational method called SubCav is described which allows the similarity searching and alignment of subpockets from a PDB-wide database against a user-defined query. The method is based on pharmacophoric fingerprints combined with a subpocket alignment algorithm. SubCav was shown to be effective in producing reasonable alignments for subpockets with low sequence similarity and be able to retrieve relevant subpockets from a large database of structures including those with different folds. It can also be used to analyze subpockets inside a protein family to facilitate drug design and to rationalize compound selectivity.
Relationship between Incoherent Excitation Energy Migration Processes and Molecular Structures in Zinc(II) Porphyrin Dendrimers (2006)

Multiporphyrin dendrimers are among the most promising architectures to mimic the oxygenic light-harvesting complex because of their structural similarities and synthetic convenience. The overall geometries of dendrimers are determined by the core structure, the type of dendron, and the number of generations of interior repeating units. The rigid core and bulky volume of exterior porphyrin units in multiporphyrin dendrimers give rise to well-ordered three-dimensional structures. As the number of generations of interior repeating units increases, however, the overall structures of dendrimers become disordered and randomized due to the flexibility of the repeating units. To reveal the relationship between molecular structure and processes of excitation-energy migration in multiporphyrin dendrimers, we calculated the molecular structure and measured the time-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence anisotropy decays for various hexaarylbenzene-anchored polyester zinc(II) porphyrin dendrimers along with three types of porphyrin dendrons as references. We found that the congested two-branched type dendrimers exhibit more efficient energy migration processes than one- or three-branched type dendrimers because of multiple energy migration pathways, and the three-dimensional packing efficiency of dendrimers strongly depends on the type of dendrons.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from CHK1 Inhibition in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Produces Single-Agent Activity in Biomarker-Defined Disease Subsets and Combination Activity with Cisplatin or Olaparib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains additional details of materials and methods used in this study like SCLC cell line authentication, targeted knockdown of CHK1 and MYC, PCR, cell viability aasay, cell cycle analysis, generation of tumor models, RPPA and immunofluorescence.&lt;/p&gt;
[Spinal canal bleeding in hemophilia A]. (1995)

Case 1: Sensory and motor paralysis below the L3 level developed in a moderate hemophilia A due to spinal epidural bleeding following lumbar anesthesia for the resection of retro-peritoneal hematoma. By the treatment with cryoprecipitates, the patient recovered to walk with sticks after laminectomy. Case 2: the patient had severe hemophilia A with 220 Bethesda units/ml of inhibitor. The patient suffered from epidural and intramedullary spinal bleeding from C3 to C7 and developed tetraplegia. Since the inhibitor titer was high, infusion therapy with FEIBA was performed. Paralysis gradually reduced to the T5 level, but the patient had both sensory and motor paralysis of the extremities. It is required that an effective hemostastic treatment for spinal canal bleeding in hemophilia A with high-responder inhibitor is established.
Dielectric Measurements of Package Materials in an Inhomogeneously Filled Rectangular Waveguide (1987)

A transmission technique for dielectric measurements in the microwave region is presented. Thin specimens are longitudinally positioned at the center of a rectangular waveguide. Expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity are considered with different approximations. The suitability of the technique is evaluated for dielectric measurements of packaging materials. Experimental results are presented for Teflon, porous Vycor, and alumina in the X‐band frequency range.
Security of decoy-state protocols for general photon-number-splitting attacks (2013)

Decoy-state protocols provide a way to defeat photon-number-splitting attacks in quantum cryptography implemented with weak coherent pulses. We point out that previous security analyses of such protocols relied on assumptions about eavesdropping attacks that considered treating each pulse equally and independently. We give an example to demonstrate that, without such assumptions, the security parameters of previous decoy-state implementations could be worse than the ones claimed. Next we consider more general photon-number-splitting attacks, which correlate different pulses, and give an estimation procedure for the number of single-photon signals with rigorous security statements. The impact of our result is that previous analyses of the number of times a decoy-state quantum cryptographic system can be reused before it makes a weak key must be revised.
11C-Methionine PET of Myocardial Inflammation in a Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis (2016)

In a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis, we demonstrated the colocalization of radiolabeled methionine accumulation with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake in histologically proven inflammatory lesions. These data suggest that <sup>11</sup>C-methionine might represent a promising candidate for the noninvasive detection and monitoring of myocarditis.
0352 Compliance to Sleep Recommendations: A Big Data Analysis In Users of a Consumer Sleep Technology (2022)

Abstract Introduction The National Sleep Foundation has published sleep time duration (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) and sleep quality (Ohayon et al., 2017) recommendations across the lifespan based on expert panel input. These recommendations offer sleep guidance to millions of individuals. Many individuals are using commercially available sleep tracking devices to measure their sleep. We analyzed the data of two non-contact radiofrequency sleep measurement devices (SleepScore Max (SleepScore Labs) and S+ (ResMed), both validated against PSG) to determine how well the users of these devices are sleeping. Methods Total Sleep Time (TST), sleep latency (SL) and sleep efficiency (SE) data of 40,892 users between 15 and 98 years old were used in this analysis, covering 5,513,369 nights of data, and averages per user were calculated. In alignment with the aforementioned papers, the data were split in 3 age groups; Young Adults (18-25), Adults (26-64) and Older Adults (&amp;gt;=65), and the criteria as listed were used, classifying the sleep indicators in 3 bins; Appropriate/Recommended, Uncertain/ May be Recommended, and Inappropriate/Not Recommended. Proportion of users meeting the Appropriate/Recommended, Uncertain/May be Appropriate and Inappropriate/Unlikely were calculated for each age group. Results In the Young Adults group most users had an Appropriate SL (SL&amp;lt;= 30 min; 79.7 %), an Appropriate SE (SE&amp;gt;=85%; 53.6 %), but only 30.0% had a Recommended TST (7 to 9 h.). In the Adult group, larger proportions of users met on average the Appropriate measures for SL (SL&amp;lt;= 30 min; 84.8%), SE (SE&amp;gt;= 85%; 58.4%), but only 27.3% slept on average the Recommended hours (TST 7 to 9 h). In the Older Adults group, the average SL and SE was considered Appropriate for most elderly users (SL&amp;lt;30min; 84.3: SE&amp;gt;=85%; 59.6%), but only 28.2% slept the Recommended amount (TST 7 to 8 h). Conclusion 30% or less users slept on average the recommended amount, whereas slightly over half of the users showed the recommended sleep efficiency, and at least 79.7% fell on average asleep within 30 minutes. These results show that sleep improvement campaigns need to focus on extending the sleep duration and sleep hygiene to improve SE. Support (If Any)