gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependence of electrical and dielectric properties of papers for electrophotography (2010)

The temperature-dependence of the electrical and dielectric properties of paper substrates was studied using experimental papers with different NaCl contents, different thicknesses, and different grammages. Physical processes related to the charging potential, charge decay rate, conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of papers are dependent on thermal energy, and this dependence on temperature can be described by exponential expressions. The ion content of paper not only determines the level of these properties at a given temperature, as expected but also influences their temperature-dependence. Frequency analysis of the dielectric loss confirms that new structures are formed in paper by the addition of NaCl. The results may be applicable to the design of materials and equipment, e.g., for the electrophotographic printing processes.
Electron density and temperature measurements in the lower ionosphere as deduced from the warm plasma theory of the h.f. quadrupole probe (1972)

The frequency response of the h.f. quadrupole probe is calculated to be used as a diagnostic tool for measurements of electron density and temperature. In §2 the magnetic field is assumed to be zero, and ion motions are neglected. For a Maxwellian plasma, the so-called ‘Landau wave approximation’ is compared with various more sophisticated treatments, such as numerical integration or super-Cauchy and multiple water-bag models. The range of validity of this approximation is shown to be large, and the results can be applied to the most interesting parts of the experimental observations. All results previously established are recovered with greater speed. Having studied various disturbances (collisions, inhomogeneity and relative motion of the probe with respect to the plasma), it is deduced that the best way to determine the electron temperature is to use the anti-resonances due to beating between the Landau wave and the cold plasma field. In § 3 we describe the quadrupole probe, launched in December 1971 as part of the CISASPE rocket experiment. To deduce the electron density and temperature from these measurements, it is necessary to consider the influence of a static magnetic field, such as the earth's magnetic field. The general case could be treated by numerical integration, though with great difficulty, but it is shown that in most ionospheric conditions, in the vicinity of the upper hybrid frequency ω T the above treatment is again possible, the plasma frequency simply being replaced by ω T , and the thermal velocity slightly modified. These assumptions are used to deduce the electron density and temperature profiles.
Understanding and Tackling the Root Causes of Instability in Wireless Mesh Networks: (extended version) (2010)

Abstract—We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the stability of CSMA-based wireless mesh networks, where a network is said to be stable if and only if the queue of each relay node remains (almost surely) finite. We identify two key factors that impact stability: the network size and the so-called “stealing effect”, a consequence of the hidden node problem and non-zero transmission delays. We consider the case of a greedy source and prove, by using Foster’s theorem, that 3-hop networks are stable, but only if the stealing effect is accounted for. We also prove that 4-hop networks are, on the contrary, always unstable (even with the stealing effect) and show by simulations that instability extends to more complex linear and non-linear topologies. To tackle this instability problem, we propose and evaluate a novel, distributed flow-control mechanism, called EZ-flow. EZ-flow is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standard (i.e., it does not modify headers in packets), can be implemented using off-theshelf hardware, and does not entail any communication overhead. EZ-flow operates by adapting the minimum congestion window parameter at each relay node, based on an estimation of the buffer occupancy at its successor node in the mesh. We show how such an estimation can be conducted passively by taking advantage of the broadcast nature of the wireless channel. Real experiments, run on a 9-node testbed deployed over 4 different buildings, show that EZ-flow effectively smoothes traffic and improves delay, throughput, and fairness performance. I.
Bacterial Chemotaxis in Linear and Nonlinear Steady Microfluidic Gradients (2010)

Diffusion-based microfluidic devices can generate steady, arbitrarily shaped chemical gradients without requiring fluid flow and are ideal for studying chemotaxis of free-swimming cells such as bacteria. However, if microfluidic gradient generators are to be used to systematically study bacterial chemotaxis, it is critical to evaluate their performance with actual quantitative chemotaxis tests. We characterize and compare three diffusion-based gradient generators by confocal microscopy and numerical simulations, select an optimal design and apply it to chemotaxis experiments with Escherichia coli in both linear and nonlinear gradients. Comparison of the observed cell distribution along the gradients with predictions from an established mathematical model shows very good agreement, providing the first quantification of chemotaxis of free-swimming cells in steady nonlinear microfluidic gradients and opening the door to bacterial chemotaxis studies in gradients of arbitrary shape.
Ramped-amplitude NOVEL (2017)

We present a pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) study using a ramped-amplitude nuclear orientation via electron spin locking (RA-NOVEL) sequence that utilizes a fast arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) to modulate the microwave pulses together with samples doped with narrow-line radicals such as 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA), sulfonated-BDPA (SA-BDPA), and trityl-OX063. Similar to ramped-amplitude cross polarization in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, RA-NOVEL improves the DNP efficiency by a factor of up to 1.6 compared to constant-amplitude NOVEL (CA-NOVEL) but requires a longer mixing time. For example, at τ mix = 8 μs, the DNP efficiency reaches a plateau at a ramp amplitude of ∼20 MHz for both SA-BDPA and trityl-OX063, regardless of the ramp profile (linear vs. tangent). At shorter mixing times (τ mix = 0.8 μs), we found that the tangent ramp is superior to its linear counterpart and in both cases there exists an optimum ramp size and therefore ramp rate. Our results suggest that RA-NOVEL should be used instead of CA-NOVEL as long as the electronic spin latti ce relaxation T 1e is sufficiently long and/or the duty cycle of the microwave amplifier is not exceeded. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a time domain DNP experiment that utilizes modulated microwave pulses. Our results also suggest that a precise modulation of the microwave pulses can play an important role in optimizing the efficiency of pulsed DNP experiments and an AWG is an elegant instrumental solution for this purpose.
530: Defining Human Prostate Stem Cells Via Development and Characterization of Prostaspheres (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 16, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 2007530: Defining Human Prostate Stem Cells Via Development and Characterization of Prostaspheres Isla Garraway, Chau Tran, Ying Cai, Scott Hahm, Robert Reiter, and Owen Witte Isla GarrawayIsla Garraway More articles by this author , Chau TranChau Tran More articles by this author , Ying CaiYing Cai More articles by this author , Scott HahmScott Hahm More articles by this author , Robert ReiterRobert Reiter More articles by this author , and Owen WitteOwen Witte More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30770-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "530: Defining Human Prostate Stem Cells Via Development and Characterization of Prostaspheres." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 176 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 176 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Isla Garraway More articles by this author Chau Tran More articles by this author Ying Cai More articles by this author Scott Hahm More articles by this author Robert Reiter More articles by this author Owen Witte More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Near real-time determination of B.1.1.7 in proportion to total SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater using an allele-specific primer extension PCR strategy (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed millions of lives to date. Antigenic drift has resulted in viral variants with putatively greater transmissibility, virulence, or both. Early and near real-time detection of these variants of concern (VOC) and the ability to accurately follow their incidence and prevalence in communities is wanting. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), which uses nucleic acid amplification tests to detect viral fragments, is a reliable proxy of COVID-19 incidence and prevalence, and thus offers the potential to monitor VOC viral load in a given population. Here, we describe and validate a primer extension PCR strategy targeting a signature mutation in the N gene of SARS-CoV-2. This allows quantification of B.1.1.7 versus non-B.1.1.7 allele frequency in wastewater without the need to employ quantitative RT-PCR standard curves. We show that the wastewater B.1.1.7 profile correlates with its clinical counterpart and benefits from a near real-time and facile data collection and reporting pipeline. This assay can be quickly implemented within a current SARS-CoV-2 WBE framework with minimal cost; allowing early and contemporaneous estimates of B.1.1.7 community transmission prior to, or in lieu of, clinical screening and identification. Our study demonstrates that this strategy can provide public health units with an additional and much needed tool to rapidly triangulate VOC incidence/prevalence with high sensitivity and lineage specificity.
Cloning and sequencing of rat plectin indicates a 466-kD polypeptide chain with a three-domain structure based on a central alpha-helical coiled coil. (1991)

We have determined the complete cDNA sequence of rat plectin from a number of well-characterized overlapping lambda gt11 clones. The 4,140-residue predicted amino acid sequence (466,481 D) is consistent with a three-domain structural model in which a long central rod domain, having mainly an alpha-helical coiled coil conformation, is flanked by globular NH2- and COOH-terminal domains. The plectin sequence has a number of repeating motifs. The rod domain has five subregions approximately 200-residues long in which there is a strong repeat in the charged amino acids at 10.4 residues that may be involved in association between plectin molecules. The globular COOH-terminal domain has a prominent six-fold tandem repeat, with each repeat having a strongly conserved central region based on nine tandem repeats of a 19-residue motif. The plectin sequence has several marked similarities to that of desmoplakin (Green, K. J., D. A. D. Parry, P. M. Steinert, M. L. A. Virata, R. M. Wagner, B. D. Angst, and L.A. Nilles. 1990. J. Biol. Chem. 265:2,603-2,612), which has a shorter coiled-coil rod domain with a similar 10.4 residue charge periodicity and a COOH-terminal globular domain with three tandem repeats homologous to the six found in plectin. The plectin sequence also has homologies to that of the bullous pemphigoid antigen. Northern blot analysis indicated that there is a significant degree of conservation of plectin genes between rat, human, and chicken and that, as shown previously at the protein level, plectin has a wide tissue distribution. There appeared to be a single rat plectin gene that gave rise to a 15-kb message. Expression of polypeptides encoded by defined fragments of plectin cDNA in E. coli has also been used to localize the epitopes of a range of monoclonal and serum antibodies. This enabled us to tentatively map a sequence involved in plectin-vimentin and plectin-lamin B interactions to a restricted region of the rod domain.
nBu3P‐Silber(I)‐β‐Diketonate: Synthese, Gasphasenuntersuchungen und Verwendung als CVD‐Precursoren (2005)

Abstract n Bu 3 P‐Silver(I)‐β‐Diketonates: Synthesis, Gas Phase Studies, and their Use as CVD‐Precursors The synthesis of the silver(I) salts [AgX] ( 3a , X = ac etyl ac etonate, acac; 3b , X = 1,1,1,5,5,5‐ h exa f luoroacetyl ac etonate, hfac; 3c , X = 1,3‐ di phenyl‐1,3‐pro pa nedionate, dipa) by the reaction of [AgNO 3 ] ( 1 ) with H‐X ( 2a , X = acac; 2b , X = hfac; 2c , X = dipa), or [Ag 2 O] ( 4 ) with 2b is reported. The addition of n Bu 3 P ( 5 ) to 3a ‐ 3c in the ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, respectively, affords the phosphane silver(I) β‐diketonates [( n Bu 3 P) m AgX] (m = 1: 6a , X = acac; 6b , X = hfac; 6c , X = dipa. m = 2: 7a , X = acac; 7b , X = hfac; 7c , X = dipa) in excellent yield. The thermal behaviour (thermogravimetry) and gas phase properties (temperature‐programmed mass spectrometry) of selected species are discussed. Complex 7a can successfully be used in the deposition of silver on titanium nitride coated oxidized silicon wafers by the CVD process (CVD = Chemical Vapour Deposition). SEM studies show that homogeneous and continuous silver layers were obtained.
From Best Effort to Deterministic Packet Delivery for Wireless Industrial IoT Networks (2018)

Wireless industrial networks require reliable and deterministic communication. Determinism implies that there must be a guarantee that each data packet will be delivered within a bounded delay. Moreover, it must ensure that the potential congestion or interference will not impact the predictable properties of the network. In 2016, IEEE 802.15.4 time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) emerged as an alternative medium access control to the industrial standards such as WirelessHART and ISA100.11a. However, TSCH is based on traditional collision detection and retransmission, and cannot guarantee reliable delivery within a given time. This paper proposes LeapFrog Collaboration (LFC) to provide deterministic and reliable communication over a routing protocol (RPL) based network. LFC is a novel multipath routing algorithm that takes advantage of route diversity by duplicating the data flow onto an alternate path. Simulations and analytical results demonstrate that LFC significantly outperforms the single-path retransmission-based approach of RPL + TSCH and the state-of-the-art LinkPeek solution.
A Tunable Dielectric Resonator Oscillator with Phase-Locked Loop Stabilization for THz Time Domain Spectroscopy Systems (2023)

Precision microwave measurement systems require highly stable oscillators with both excellent long-term and short-term stability. Compared to components used in laboratory instruments, dielectric resonator oscillators (DRO) offer low phase noise with greatly reduced mechanical complexity. To further enhance performance, phase-locked loop (PLL) stabilization can be used to eliminate drift and provide precise frequency control. In this work, the design of a low-cost DRO concept is presented and its performance is evaluated through simulations and measurements. An open-loop phase noise of -107.2 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency and 12.8 GHz output frequency is demonstrated. Drift and phase noise are reduced by a PLL, so that a very low jitter of under 29.6 fs is achieved over the entire operating bandwidth.
Type Prediction Systems (2021)

Inferring semantic types for entity mentions within text documents is an important asset for many downstream NLP tasks, such as Semantic Role Labelling, Entity Disambiguation, Knowledge Base Question Answering, etc. Prior works have mostly focused on supervised solutions that generally operate on relatively small-to-medium-sized type systems. In this work, we describe two systems aimed at predicting type information for the following two tasks, namely, a TypeSuggest module, an unsupervised system designed to predict types for a set of user-entered query terms, and an Answer Type prediction module, that provides a solution for the task of determining the correct type of the answer expected to a given query. Our systems generalize to arbitrary type systems of any sizes, thereby making it a highly appealing solution to extract type information at any granularity.
Three-dimensional photon confinement in photonic crystals of low-dimensional periodicity (1998)

Photonic crystals of one- or two-dimensional periodicity can be used to achieve three-dimensional photon confinement in dielectric waveguides with modal volumes of the order of a cubic half-wavelength. Since photonic crystals of low-dimensional periodicity do not have full three-dimensional bandgaps, the microcavities undergo increasing radiation losses with decreasing modal volumes. High-Q resonant modes can be generated by reducing the strength of the photon confinement. Increasingly, larger modal volumes lead to lower radiation losses and more efficient coupling to waveguide modes outside the cavity.
Abstract 803: Genomic sequencing of meningiomas reveals oncogenic SMO and AKT1 mutations. (2013)

Abstract Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor in the US. While many Grade I meningiomas are cured by surgery, 20% recur and are minimally responsive to systemic therapy. Meningiomas of higher grades are particularly challenging to treat and are associated with a poor prognosis. Though the tumor suppressor gene NF2 has been linked to meningiomagenesis, the spectrum of genetic changes in meningiomas remains poorly understood, particularly in the large subset of tumors without NF2 alterations. We performed whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing on 17 meningiomas and focused sequencing using a 645 gene-set on an additional 48 tumors. The majority of meningiomas exhibited simple genomes, with fewer copy-number alterations, mutations, and rearrangements compared to other adult tumors. However, several meningiomas harbored more complex patterns of copy-number changes and rearrangements including one tumor with chromothripsis. We confirmed focal NF2 inactivation in 43% of tumors. A subset of NF2-wildtype meningiomas harbored recurrent oncogenic mutations in AKT1 and the Hedgehog pathway regulator SMO. Tumors with these mutations varied histologically from their NF2-mutated counterparts, and exhibited immunohistochemical evidence of pathway activation. These results begin to define the spectrum of genetic alterations in meningiomas. Our findings of known driver oncogenic mutations including AKT1 and SMO have immediate therapeutic potential. Citation Format: Priscilla Brastianos, Peleg M. Horowitz, Sandro Santagata, Robert T. Jones, Aaron McKenna, Gad Getz, Keith Ligon, Paul Van Hummelen, Matt Ducar, Alina Raza, Ashwini Sunkavalli, Laura MacConaill, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, David N. Louis, William C. Hahn, Ian Dunn, Rameen Beroukhim. Genomic sequencing of meningiomas reveals oncogenic SMO and AKT1 mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 803. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-803
Automatic design for power systems (2002)

Abstract An automatic design method for power systems to control electric loads required by customers and to ensure the power supply for the loads is described. This method features (I) an electric unit model including the possible connections among the electric units, (II) knowledge association networks to reduce maintenance cost of the knowledge base and to improve efficiency in selecting/specifying electric units, (III) a planning algorithm to find electric paths to control the electric loads and to ensure the power supply, and (IV) the reactive redesign of the automation of editing power systems. APEC3 (Advanced Plant Engineering Cycle tool version 3) is an automatic design tool for power systems that supports electrical engineering processes in developing single line diagrams, specification balance statements (design rationales), and item lists. When engineers modify unit specifications, APEC3 invokes the redesign function which automatically changes the specifications of all relevant units. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method, APEC3 was used in designing practical power systems of steel plants. The results showed that APEC3 can reduce the design time to one‐eighth that of the usual design time. Therefore, the engineers can find optimal specifications of the power systems by evaluating a number of possibilities. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(2): 36–45, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1151
Adhesive Hydrogel System Based on the Intercalation of Anionic Substituents into Layered Double Hydroxides (2018)

Hydrogels comprising anionic substituents in their polymer network were synthesized and adhered to each other following application of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) onto their surfaces. The resulting systems displayed high adhesive strength and tolerance for changes in parameters like solvent, salt concentration, and temperature. In experiments involving hydrogels with bulky anionic substituents, it was confirmed that the efficiency of the intercalation of the anionic groups into the layered inorganic compound LDH determines the strength of the adhesion. Moreover, intercalation-based adhesive joints connecting anionic hydrogels displayed higher tolerance for saline solutions than adhesive joints relying on electrostatic interactions between anionic and cationic hydrogels, even though, because of the electrostatic repulsion between charges with the same sign, one would expect that polymer networks comprising opposite charges would tolerate better the disruption caused by high saline concentration.
Improved soluble expression and use of recombinant human renalase (2020)

Electrochemical bioreactor systems have enjoyed significant attention in the past few decades, particularly because of their applications to biobatteries, artificial photosynthetic systems, and microbial electrosynthesis. A key opportunity with electrochemical bioreactors is the ability to employ cofactor regeneration strategies critical in oxidative and reductive enzymatic and cell-based biotransformations. Electrochemical cofactor regeneration presents several advantages over other current cofactor regeneration systems, such as chemoenzymatic multi-enzyme reactions, because there is no need for a sacrificial substrate and a recycling enzyme. Additionally, process monitoring is simpler and downstream processing is less costly. However, the direct electrochemical reduction of NAD(P)+ on a cathode may produce adventitious side products, including isomers of NAD(P)H that can act as potent competitive inhibitors to NAD(P)H-requiring enzymes such as dehydrogenases. To overcome this limitation, we examined how nature addresses the adventitious formation of isomers of NAD(P)H. Specifically, renalases are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of 1,2- and 1,6-NAD(P)H to NAD(P)+, yielding an effective recycling of unproductive NAD(P)H isomers. We designed several mutants of recombinant human renalase isoform 1 (rhRen1), expressed them in E. coli BL21(DE3) to enhance protein solubility, and evaluated the activity profiles of the renalase variants against NAD(P)H isomers. The potential for rhRen1 to be employed in engineering applications was then assessed in view of the enzyme's stability upon immobilization. Finally, comparative modeling was performed to assess the underlying reasons for the enhanced solubility and activity of the mutant enzymes.