gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Cellular DExD/H-Box RNA Helicase UAP56 Co-localizes With the Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein (2018)

UAP56, a member of the DExD/H-box RNA helicase family, is essential for pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA export in eukaryotic cells. In influenza A virus-infected cells, UAP56 mediates viral mRNA nuclear export, facilitates viral ribonucleoprotein complex formation through direct interaction with the viral nucleoprotein, and may indirectly affect antiviral host responses by binding to and/or facilitating the activation of the antiviral host factors MxA and PKR. Here, we demonstrate that UAP56 also co-localizes with the influenza A viral NS1 protein, which counteracts host cell innate immune responses stimulated by virus infection. The UAP56-NS1 association relies on the RNA-binding residues R38 and K41 in NS1 and may be mediated by single-stranded RNA. UAP56 association with NS1 does not affect the NS1-mediated downregulation of cellular innate immune pathways in reporter gene assays, leaving in question the exact biological role and relevance of the UAP56-NS1 association.
Split restoration with wavelength conversion in WDM networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose a path restoration algorithm for a single fiber fault in WDM network equipped with wavelength conversion. The integer linear programming (ILP) formulas for minimizing the path recovery cost can yield the optimum solution but it is NP-complete. Our heuristic algorithm relaxes the complexity by two steps. In the off-line step, the node-link topology is replaced by the node-wavelength topology, the alternate paths for source-destination node pairs are listed, and the wavelengths in each link are assigned by maximum matching. In the on-line step, traffics going through the failed link are split into subtraffics and are restored according to their priorities. The performance analysis and the simulation results indicate that out heuristic algorithm is practical for WDM networks restoration.
Cooperative catalysis by a single-atom enzyme-metal complex (2022)

Anchoring single metal atoms on enzymes has great potential to generate hybrid catalysts with high activity and selectivity for reactions that cannot be driven by traditional metal catalysts. Herein, we develop a photochemical method to construct a stable single-atom enzyme-metal complex by binding single metal atoms to the carbon radicals generated on an enzyme-polymer conjugate. The metal mass loading of Pd-anchored enzyme is up to 4.0% while maintaining the atomic dispersion of Pd. The cooperative catalysis between lipase-active site and single Pd atom accelerates alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction between 1-bromohexane and B-n-hexyl-9-BBN with high efficiency (TOF is 540 h<sup>-1</sup>), exceeding that of the traditional catalyst Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> by a factor of 300 under ambient conditions.
Investigation of a circular TE11-TE01-mode converter in stepped waveguide technique (2015)

A compact and broadband TE 11 -TE 01 -mode converter, suitable for various industrial applications like bypass level measurements, is presented in this contribution. Based on stepped waveguide technique, the main advantages of the recommended converter design and the specific field distribution of the TE 01 -mode are discussed in detail. The converter is presented exemplary for a frequency range from 23 to 28 GHz, which corresponds to a bandwidth of approximately 20 % of the center frequency. Numerous three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulations are performed to optimize the converter and to investigate its reflection and transmission behavior. Realized by six different single elements and 11 parts in total, fast and effective simulations can be performed with CST Microwave Studio. Considering realistic production process parameters, like fillets or tolerances, a good return loss better 17 dB, an insertion loss of 0.1 dB, and an excellent mode purity are achieved. Compared with back-to-back, realistic disturber scenario, and far-field measurements with a first prototype, the expected excellent converter behavior can be validated without limitations. Hence, the suitability of the presented converter design is proven and the feasibility is demonstrated.
Characterization of a fully integrated heterogeneous silicon/III-V colliding pulse mode-locked laser with on-chip feedback (2018)

A fully integrated heterogeneous silicon/III-V colliding pulse mode-locked laser with tunable on-chip optical feedback operating in the O-band is extensively investigated. The 19-GHz colliding pulsed laser operates in a wide mode-locking regime with good mode locking quality. By precisely controlling the strength and phase of the on-chip optical feedback signal, the laser exhibits clear periodic pulse shortening effects. The RF 3 dB linewidth was reduced by a factor of 4.7 down to 6 kHz, as compared to the free running state.
Differentiation of division I (cfiA-negative) and division II (cfiA-positive) Bacteroides fragilis strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2011)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is increasingly used in clinical microbiological laboratories to identify bacteria and fungi at a species level and to subtype them. The cfiA gene encoding the unique carbapenemases found in Bacteroides is restricted to division II Bacteroides fragilis strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MALDI-TOF MS is suitable for differentiating B. fragilis strains which harbour the cfiA gene from those that do not. A well-defined collection of 40 B. fragilis isolates with known imipenem MICs (0.062->32 mg l(-1)) were selected for this study. Twelve B. fragilis strains with known cfiA status, including NCTC 9343 (division I) and TAL3636 (division II), were measured by means of microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS and well-defined differences in mass spectra between the cfiA-positive and cfiA-negative strains were found in the interval 4000-5500 Da. A further 28 strains were selected for the blind measurements: 9 cfiA-positive clinical isolates with different imipenem MICs ranging between 0.06 and >32 mg l(-1) (different expressions of the metallo-β-lactamase gene) were clearly separated from the 19 cfiA-negative isolates. The presence or absence of the selected peaks in all tested strains clearly differentiated the strains belonging to B. fragilis division I (cfiA-negative) or division II (cfiA-positive). These results suggest a realistic method for differentiating division II B. fragilis strains (harbouring the cfiA gene) and to determine them at a species level at the same time. Although not all cfiA-positive B. fragilis strains are resistant to carbapenems, they all have the possibility of becoming resistant to this group of antibiotics by acquisition of an appropriate IS element for full expression of the cfiA gene, leading to possible treatment failure.
Comparative Studies of the Biological Activities of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor and Its Derivatives (1987)

Biological activities of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its derivatives were compared. In cytotoxicity assay with L929 cells, one derivative, designated as TNF(Asn), showed significantly lower activity than any other TNF examined. In binding assay, this derivative was also shown to have lower affinity for TNF receptors on L929 cells, suggesting that the cytotoxic activity of TNFs on L929 cells correlates with their affinity for receptors. We also found that the cytotoxic activity of TNF on A673 cells and its inhibitory effect on lipoprotein lipase were parallel with the cytotoxic activity on L929 cells, but the growth-enhancing activity on FS-4 cells and the cytotoxic activity on endothelial cells were not. It was also shown that TNF(Asn) had lower affinity than any other TNF for receptors on these target cells tested. These results suggested that there might be at least two types of cellular responses to TNF; one might correlate with the receptor-binding affinity of TNFs and the other not.
Deriving of single intensive picosecond optical pulses from a high-power gain-switched laser diode by spectral filtering (1998)

Single 25 ps/16 W optical pulses were achieved by spectral filtering from a multiheterostructure gain-switched laser diode with its quasisteady-state modes suppressed by a factor of 103 as compared with the peak power. A significant transient spectrum broadening makes this possible provided that a very high dI/dt rate of the pumping current pulse is used. A simple numerical model is suggested which describes adequately both the spectral and transient features of the observed phenomenon. It follows from the model that single picosecond optical pulses can be obtained from any type of high power semiconductor laser.
1.3-$\mu$m Mode-Locked Disk Laser With Wafer Fused Gain and SESAM Structures (2010)

We report 1.3-μm mode-locked optically pumped semiconductor disk laser (SDL) made by wafer fusion. The gain medium and the saturable absorber, both based on an InP material system, were integrated with AlGaAs-GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors by localized wafer fusion. An intracavity wedged diamond heat spreader capillary bonded to the gain chip prevents the disruption of 6.4-ps pulse spectrum and supports 100 mW of average power. The results reveal an advantage of wafer fusion process of disparate materials over monolithically grown InP-based gain/absorber structures and demonstrate practical potential of the technique for long-wavelength SDLs.
Noise characteristics of an oscillator with a barium strontium titanate (BST) varactor (2006)

The phase noise of an oscillator with a thin-film barium strontium titanate (BST) capacitive tuning element, or varactor, is characterised and benchmarked against the same oscillator with a silicon semiconductor junction varactor. Phase noise tracks closely with varactor Q within a specific voltage range as expected. Compared to the semiconductor varactor-based oscillator, the BST-based oscillator demonstrates reduced phase noise degradation near zero volts, but greater phase noise degradation when operated near breakdown.
Macrocyclic and Acyclic Bis(2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s with Electron‐Transporting and Hole‐Blocking Ability in Organic Electroluminescent Devices (2005)

Abstract Summary: Two types of bis(2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s, macrocyclic and acyclic, were prepared and evaluated as electron‐transporting and hole‐blocking materials in phosphorescent EL devices. Maximum efficiencies of η ext = 10.4% at J = 0.11 mA · cm −2 for the macrocycle and η ext = 14.1% at J = 3.01 mA · cm −2 for the acycle were observed. X‐ray crystallographic analysis and DSC measurements revealed a strong intermolecular interaction between the macrocycles and weaker intermolecular interactions between the acycles. The EL characteristics depend on the intermolecular interactions. The two types of bis(2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s used in the study. magnified image The two types of bis(2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s used in the study.
A 27.12-MHz 10-kV Power Amplifier for Compact Particle Accelerators Utilizing an Optimized (2020)

This paper introduces a 27.12-MHz 10-kV switch-mode power amplifier suitable for propelling ion beams in compact particle accelerators. Ion beams are accelerated to high energy levels by passing them through a series of acceleration cells driven by large high-frequency ac voltages. These high voltages are generated by utilizing power amplifiers that comprise a full-bridge inverter and a high-gain matching network. A matching network topology is proposed that reduces the current stress on the inverter transistors, increasing the amplifier's thermal reliability, especially during high frequency operation. Power amplifiers based on the proposed matching network also achieve lower overall losses compared to previously presented power amplifiers. A comprehensive methodology is presented for the design of the proposed matching network that minimizes the overall losses in the power amplifier while ensuring soft-switching of the inverter transistors. A 27.12-MHz prototype power amplifier with a matching network designed using the proposed approach is demonstrated to generate up to 10 kV output voltage while maintaining the inverter losses within a desired limit.
Luminescent iridium(iii)–boronic acid complexes for carbohydrate sensing (2020)

A family of four Ir(iii) complexes of the form [Ir(ppy)2(L)]Cl (where ppy = 2-phenyl-pyridine and L = a pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole or pyridyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole ligand bearing a boronic acid group) have been prepared as potential luminescent sensors for carbohydrates. A modular eight step procedure was developed to synthesise the complexes, and this was initiated with the preparation of two benzhydrazide and three S-ethylated pyridine-2-thiocarboxamides precursors. Reaction of these precursors produced three new 1,2,4-triazole- and one 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based ligands substituted with boronic acid pinacol ester groups. The boronic acid pinacol esters were then converted to boronic acids in two steps via potassium trifluoroborate intermediates. The boronic acid substituted ligands and their Ir(iii) complexes were fully characterised using a range of techniques including X-ray crystallography in the case of the pyridyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole ligand and two of the Ir(iii) complexes. The capacity of the synthesised Ir(iii) complexes to form boronic acid cyclic esters with the simple sugars glucose and fructose was evaluated using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and photoluminescence titration studies. These studies confirm that the Ir(iii) complexes form adducts with both glucose and fructose, with increased levels of boronic acid cyclic esters being formed with fructose at higher pHs. Theoretical calculations were used to gain insight into the nature of the electronic transitions involved in the electronic absorption and emission spectra.
S12---The HPC Challenge (HPCC) benchmark suite (2006)

In 2003, the DARPA's High Productivity Computing Systems released the HPCC suite. It examines the performance of HPC architectures using kernels with various memory access patterns of well known computational kernels. Consequently, HPCC results bound the performance of real applications as a function of memory access characteristics and define performance boundaries of HPC architectures. The suite was intended to augment the TOP500 list and by now the results are publicly available for 6 out of 10 of the world's fastest computers. Implementations exist in most of the major high-end programming languages and environments, accompanied by countless optimization efforts. The increased publicity enjoyed by HPCC doesn't necessarily translate into deeper understanding of the performance issues that HPCC benchmarks. And so this tutorial will introduce attendees to HPCC, provide tools to examine differences in HPC architectures, and give hands-on training that will hopefully lead to better understanding of parallel environments.
Processing of metal-diamond-composites using selective laser melting (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is a feasibility study that was performed to investigate the basic processability of a diamond-containing metal matrix. Powder-bed-based additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting (SLM) offer a huge degree of freedom, both in terms of part design and material options. In that respect, mixtures of different powders can offer new ways for the manufacture of materials with tailored properties for special applications such as metal-based cutting or grinding tools with incorporated hard phases. Design/methodology/approach – A two-step approach was used to first investigate the basic SLM-processability of a Cu-Sn-Ti-Zr alloy, which is usually used for the active brazing of ceramics and superhard materials. After the identification of a suitable processing window, the processing parameters were then applied to a mixture of this matrix material with 10-20 volume per cent artificial, Ni-coated mono-crystalline diamonds. Findings – Even though the processing parameters were not yet optimized, stable specimens out of the matrix material could be produced. Also, diamond-containing mixtures with the matrix material resulted in stable specimens, where the diamonds survived the layer-wise build process with the successive heat input, as almost no graphitization was observed. The diamond particles are fully embedded in the Cu-Sn-Ti-Zr matrix material. The outer part of the diamonds partly dissolves in the matrix during the SLM process, forming small TiC particles and most likely a thin TiC layer around the diamond particles. Originality/value – The feasibility study approved the SLM processing capabilities of a metal-diamond composite. Although some cracking phenomena sill occur, this seems to be an interesting and promising way to create new abrasive tools with added value in terms of internal and local lubrication supply, tooling temperature control and improved tooling durability.
Ethernet-based broadband power line communication between motor and inverter (2008)

In variable-speed electrical drives, data transmission between an electric motor and an inverter is required because of sensors installed at the motor. Sensor information is used both in the motor control and in the diagnostics. For example, a data transmission medium can be implemented either by additional cabling or through the power cable. However, additional cabling is neither a cost-effective nor even a reliable solution. Previously, only a few application-specific solutions for data transmission via power cables have been presented. A general method to implement a broadband and Ethernet-based communication medium between a motor and an inverter is proposed here. The method forms an Ethernet-supported packet-based communication medium over the motor power cable. Ethernet supports all kind of protocols implemented above the link layer. The channel and noise characteristics are described. According to these, a coupling interface is developed that allows installing the communication device safely to a three-phase inverter-fed motor power cable. A channel capacity analysis is also performed. Laboratory measurements are carried out and analysed with the proposed method, and two possible applications are discussed.
New Approaches to EUV Photoresists: Studies of Polyacetals and Polypeptoids to Expand the Photopolymer Toolbox (2021)

Low stochastics, high sensitivity photoresists remain a goal for EUV lithography. Here we present studies of two polymer systems that attempt to make improvements to these resist characteristics using two different chemical approaches. In one system we work on scissionable poly(phthalaldehyde) modified to enable incorporation of photoactive units on each repeat unit of the polymer chain. In a second system we explore peptoid polymers that possess identical molecular size and composition with much higher molecular uniformity than possible by conventional synthetic techniques. We report the results of exposure of these materials to EUV exposures and the chemical changes that occur.
Molecular and Cellular Dynamics in the Skin, the Lymph Nodes, and the Blood of the Immune Response to Intradermal Injection of Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine (2018)

New vaccine design approaches would be greatly facilitated by a better understanding of the early systemic changes, and those that occur at the site of injection, responsible for the installation of a durable and oriented protective response. We performed a detailed characterization of very early infection and host response events following the intradermal administration of the modified vaccinia virus Ankara as a live attenuated vaccine model in non-human primates. Integrated analysis of the data obtained from <i>in vivo</i> imaging, histology, flow cytometry, multiplex cytokine, and transcriptomic analysis using tools derived from systems biology, such as co-expression networks, showed a strong early local and systemic inflammatory response that peaked at 24 h, which was then progressively replaced by an adaptive response during the installation of the host response to the vaccine. Granulocytes, macrophages, and monocytoid cells were massively recruited during the local innate response in association with local productions of GM-CSF, IL-1β, MIP1α, MIP1β, and TNFα. We also observed a rapid and transient granulocyte recruitment and the release of IL-6 and IL-1RA, followed by a persistent phase involving inflammatory monocytes. This systemic inflammation was confirmed by molecular signatures, such as upregulations of IL-6 and TNF pathways and acute phase response signaling. Such comprehensive approaches improve our understanding of the spatiotemporal orchestration of vaccine-elicited immune response, in a live-attenuated vaccine model, and thus contribute to rational vaccine development.
Measurements of air velocity and temperature around three rectangular naturally convecting fin arrays (2002)

Three rectangular fin arrays are experimentally investigated. A Rayleigh-Nusselt number correlation is presented based upon a novel measurement of the adiabatic wall temperature and a modified Rayleigh number. The velocity and temperature over the inlet and outlet area of a passage is presented. The flow is shown to be very unlike parallel plate flow on which much previous fin array work has been based.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Driving Decisions Related to the Colorado Front Range Winter Storm, December 20-21, 2006 (2008)

In an average year, winter weather is directly or indirectly involved in 400,000 vehicular accidents in the United States, leading to 1,300 fatalities and 118,000 injuries. To improve our understanding of decision making related to driving in hazardous winter weather conditions, this study investigated driving decisions related to a winter storm that occurred along the Colorado Front Range on December 20–21, 2006. The results suggested that most respondents relied on local television to get weather information leading up to and during the storm, highlighting the important role local broadcast meteorologists play in conveying information to the general public during major meteorological events. Additionally, a higher percentage of the respondents stayed home based on the weather forecast in comparison with previous research, probably related to the combination of the forecast severity and specific warning language related to hazardous driving conditions. Respondents who stayed home were more likely to have higher levels of self-reported anxiety related to driving in weather conditions, which reinforces the notion that decision making related to hazardous weather events is not solely related to meteorological forecasts or conditions. Finally, a majority of respondents felt that the snow began to fall approximately when it was forecast to begin, but a majority of respondents believed that more snow fell than was actually forecast. Verification of these measures is difficult, but analysis of the National Weather Service forecasts suggests that both the timing and snowfall accumulation were reasonable, especially the last few updates prior to December 20.
Review: Capripoxvirus Diseases: Current Status and Opportunities for Control (2015)

Lumpy skin disease, sheeppox and goatpox are high-impact diseases of domestic ruminants with a devastating effect on cattle, sheep and goat farming industries in endemic regions. In this article, we review the current geographical distribution, economic impact of an outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and immunity of capripoxvirus. The special focus of the article is to scrutinize the use of currently available vaccines to investigate the resource needs and challenges that will have to be overcome to improve disease control and eradication, and progress on the development of safer and more effective vaccines. In addition, field evaluation of the efficacy of the vaccines and the genomic database available for poxviruses are discussed.