gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methyl-methacrylate based aluminum hybrid film grown via three-precursor molecular layer deposition (2022)

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) processes involving two precursors are commonly employed for the growth of conformal thin films. However, the use of two precursors limits the combinations of material properties that can be accessed during film synthesis. Here, we develop a robust, three-precursor MLD process for a hybrid film that incorporates a desirable acrylate, methyl-methacrylate (MMA), together with aluminum into its repeating structure. We report a film growth rate of 3.5 Å/cycle at 110 °C, constant growth per cycle between 100 and 130 °C, and good stability of the film when exposed to ambient. We propose reaction pathways for the incorporation of MMA into the film, and by using infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we identify the reaction pathway as a non-zwitterionic aminoacrylate reaction. This study offers new insight into the use of more than two precursors in the design of an acrylate-based MLD film and provides a framework that can be adopted for subsequent three-precursor film designs.
Parametric analysis of stiffness properties of coupled helical coils for implant application (2013)

Parametric analysis of stiffness properties of coupled helical coils for implant application
Future Networks With Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting [Scanning the Issue] (2022)

This month’s special issue provides an overview of the state-of-the-art technology and theory for future networks with wireless power transfer and energy harvesting. Wireless communication using radio frequency (RF) radiation has been around for over 100 years and has shaped our society significantly over the past 40 years. However, wireless is not just about communications. For very short ranges, wireless power supply by inductive power transfer has become a reality through several commercial products and standards (Wireless Power Consortium, Power Matters Alliance, Alliance for Wireless Power, and Rezence). Far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) and wireless energy harvesting (WEH) via RF (as in wireless communications) on the other hand could be used for a longer range. Although it has long been seen as a potential for powering low-power devices, it is only recently that wireless (via RF) power has been recognized as a promising technology to cope with the explosion of low-power devices in future networks. Driven by the reduction in the energy needs of electronic devices (remember Koomey’s law according to which, in 20 years, a device will require 10 000 times less energy to compute a given task) and the advent of trillions of internet device objects [Internet of Things (IoT)], there is a need to rethink the design of the network of the future so that wireless can reach its full potential not only to carry information but also to transfer energy.
A diffraction-limited-resolution full-color display with a 10-μm-square visual field (2003)

We have built a real-time 24-bit-color micro display, the resolution of which approaches the imaging system's theoretical limitation constrained by diffraction of visible lights. Coupled with LED light sources, an electrostatically-actuated 500-nm-diameter aperture worked as a 'scanning pixel' to produce a high-resolution real-time image. A micro X-Y mechanical scanner fabricated on an SOI wafer was used to control the position of the aperture. The high cutoff frequencies of the micro actuators and the LEDs successfully satisfied the requirement for the proposed visual system. Images produced in the display's 10 /spl mu/m-square scanning field were then evaluated to demonstrate the achieved diffraction-limited-resolution.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Heterocyclic Cations for Specific DNA Recognition: From AT‐Rich to Mixed‐Base‐Pair DNA Sequences. (2014)

Abstract The synthesis of key compound (IV) and some derivatives in a convenient reaction sequence and the application in selective DNA recognition experiments is presented.
Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization (2013)

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 dimensional (3D) diagnostic imaging in the interventional suite and can enhance minimally-invasive therapy beyond the limitations of 2D angiography alone. The role of CBCT has been recognized in transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The recent introduction of a CBCT technique: dual-phase CBCT (DP-CBCT) improves intra-arterial HCC treatment with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE). DP-CBCT can be used to localize liver tumors with the diagnostic accuracy of multi-phasic multidetector computed tomography (M-MDCT) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) (See the tumor), to guide intra-arterially guidewire and microcatheter to the desired location for selective therapy (Reach the tumor), and to evaluate treatment success during the procedure (Treat the tumor). The purpose of this manuscript is to illustrate how DP-CBCT is used in DEB-TACE to see, reach, and treat HCC.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the Proprotein Convertase Furin (2019)

The activation of viral glycoproteins by the host protease furin is an essential step in the replication of numerous pathogenic viruses. Thus, effective inhibitors of furin could serve as broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. A crystal structure of an inhibitory hexapeptide derivative in complex with furin served as template for the rational design of various types of new cyclic inhibitors. Most of the prepared derivatives are relatively potent furin inhibitors with inhibition constants in the low nanomolar or even sub-nanomolar range. For seven derivatives the crystal structures in complex with furin could be determined. In three complexes, electron density was found for the entire inhibitor. In the other cases the structures could be determined only for the P6/P5-P1 segments, which directly interact with furin. The cyclic derivatives together with two non-cyclic reference compounds were tested as inhibitors of the proteolytic activation and replication of respiratory syncytial virus in cells. Significant antiviral activity was found for both linear reference inhibitors, whereas a negligible efficacy was determined for the cyclic derivatives.
Salt and Hypertension: An Evolutionary Perspective (2012)

Despite overwhelming evidence linking increased salt intake to hypertension, the relation is still disputed in some
circles. Viewing the introduction of salt to human diet on an evolutionary time scale would help us better understand the
role of salt in hypertension. Humans and related species evolved in a salt-free environment over millions of years with
intense evolutionary pressure for the selection of salt conserving genes. The recorded history confirms how rare and
inaccessible salt has been until recently. Thrusting the species that has exquisitely adapted to very low salt intake into
salt surfeit conditionsrepresents evolutionary mismatch with catastrophic health consequences. More than a quarter
of human populations suffer from hypertension. World Health Organization (WHO) and many governments have now
taken action to reduce dietary intake of salt in an effort to reduce the incidence of hypertension and the associated
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Preparation of Poly(ethylene glycol)@Polyurea Microcapsules Using Oil/Oil Emulsions and Their Application as Microreactors (2021)

The development process of catalytic core/shell microreactors, possessing a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) core and a polyurea (PU) shell, by implementing an emulsion-templated non-aqueous encapsulation method, is presented. The microreactors' fabrication process begins with an emulsification process utilizing an oil-in-oil (o/o) emulsion of PEG-in-heptane, stabilized by a polymeric surfactant. Next, a reaction between a poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and a toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) takes place at the boundary of the emulsion droplets, resulting in the creation of a PU shell through an interfacial polymerization (IFP) process. The microreactors were loaded with palladium nanoparticles (NPs) and were utilized for the hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes. Importantly, it was found that PEG has a positive effect on the catalytic performance of the developed microreactors. Interestingly, besides being an efficient green reaction medium, PEG plays two crucial roles: first, it reduces the palladium ions to palladium NPs; thus, it avoids the unnecessary use of additional reducing agents. Second, it stabilizes the palladium NPs and prevents their aggregation, allowing the formation of highly reactive palladium NPs. Strikingly, in one sense, the suggested system affords highly reactive semi-homogeneous catalysis, whereas in another sense, it enables the facile, rapid, and inexpensive recovery of the catalytic microreactor by simple centrifugation. The durable microreactors exhibit excellent activity and were recycled nine times without any loss in their reactivity.
GMR-Based Integrated Current Sensing in SiC Power Modules With Phase Shift Error Reduction (2020)

In the literature, giant magnetoresistive (GMR) point field detectors (PFDs) were integrated with terminals of Si IGBT modules for galvanically isolated current sensing in machine drives. This work presents a PFD-based current sensing system that can be fully integrated in the direct bonded copper (DBC) region of SiC power modules. The physics of phase shift errors caused by the nickel (Ni) plating in the SiC power module is investigated. To address current sensing phase errors, a real-time phase shift reduction method is proposed. A bandwidth extension method is proposed to meet the sensing requirement of SiC devices that can switch at tens of kilohertz. The phase shift reduction and bandwidth extension methods are experimentally combined to sense the currents in the SiC DBC regions. The proposed current sensing has high bandwidth, minimal phase errors, and low position sensitivity. The sensed currents can be used for high-performance control and protection of SiC module-based converters.
Building DC microgrids: Planning of an experimental platform with power hardware in the loop features (2015)

DC power distribution systems for building application are gaining interest both in academic and industrial world, due to potential benefits in terms of energy efficiency and capital savings. These benefits are more evident were the end-use loads are natively DC (e.g., computers, solid-state lighting or variable speed drives for electric motors), like in data centers and commercial buildings, but also in houses. When considering the presence of onsite renewable generation, e.g. PV or micro-wind generators, storage systems and electric vehicles, DC-based building microgrids can bring additional benefits, allowing direct coupling of DC loads and DC Distributed energy Resources (DERs). A number of demonstrating installations have been built and operated around the world, and an effort is being made both in USA and Europe to study different aspects involved in the implementation of a DC distribution system (e.g. safety, protection, control) and to develop standards for DC building application. This paper discusses on the planning of an experimental DC microgrid with power hardware in the loop features at the University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Electr. Engineering and Inf. Technologies. The microgrid consists of a 3-wire DC bus, with positive, negative and neutral poles, with a voltage range of +/-0÷400 V. The system integrates a number of DERs, like PV, Wind and Fuel Cell generators, battery and super capacitor based storage systems, EV chargers, standard loads and smart loads. It will include also a power-hardware-in-the-loop platform with the aim to enable the real time emulation of single components or parts of the microgrid, or of systems and sub-systems interacting with the microgrid, thus realizing a virtual extension of the scale of the system. Technical features and specifications of the power amplifier to be used as power interface of the PHIL platform will be discussed in detail.
Thermal Management for Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (2005)

Power dissipation of chip-scale atomic clocks is one of the major design considerations. The largest power dissipation is for temperature control of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and cesium vapor cell. For example, the temperature of the VCSEL and Cs cell have to both be at 70±0.1°C or there will be frequency shift which will ruin the lock of the clock. These temperatures have to be maintained even under a large temperature variation such as −40°C to 50°C. There are three major thermal designs to consider: a) micro-heaters to fine-tune the temperatures of VCSEL and Cs cell, b) use of waste heat from other units to heat the system when outside temperature is low, and c) use of a thermal switch to release any extra waste heat when ambient temperatures are high. These three thermal designs have been incorporated in to a thermal test vehicle, which will be used to develop a thermal management design for the clock. This paper describes the proposed clock design, creation of the thermal test vehicle and development of a bimetallic snap based thermal conduction switch. The switch has been demonstrated to change thermal resistance from 52.9±2.8 K/W when the switch is open to 19.5±1.1 K/W with the switch closed.
Key challenges for high-Q photonic circuits in diamond (2010)

This presentation will describe several recent results relevant to photonic networks incorporating NV centers. The first experiment relates to the intrinsic properties of NV centers in bulk diamond. An important question is what temperatures are required to emit indistinguishable photons that carry information about the electron spin state of the NV center. While the long-lived coherence in the ground-state spin sublevels persists up to room temperature, transform-limited optical transitions have been observed only at liquid-helium temperatures due to decoherence within the excited states. Recent experiments have shown that this line broadening is due in large part to population relaxation between the two orbital branches which occurs through a two-phonon process. It is difficult to conceive of an entanglement formation scheme that is insensitive to this process, and it appears most likely that a quantum-optical network based on NV centers will have to operate at liquid helium temperatures. This presentation will also summarize our latest results on coupling NV centers to optical cavities, including, for example, hybrid GaP/diamond microdisk cavities with mode volumes of a few cubic wavelengths and experimental quality factors above 25000.
Coating Fine Nickel Particles with Al 2 O 3 Utilizing an Atomic Layer Deposition‐Fluidized Bed Reactor (ALD–FBR) (2004)

An atomic layer deposition–fluidized bed reactor (ALD–FBR) method has been developed to deposit ultrathin and conformal coatings on fine particles. Experiments of Al 2 O 3 deposition on 150‐μm‐diameter nickel particles were conducted. The fluidized bed was constructed to operate under vacuum, and the fluidizing gas used was nitrogen. Trimethylaluminum and water were used as dosing reagents. The reactions were conducted at 450 K. Successful deposition of alumina films, with thickness controllable at the nanometer level, was observed based on transmission electron microscopy imaging, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, particle‐size distributions, and wavelength‐dispersive spectrometry imaging.
Effect of changing water salinity on complex conductivity spectra of sandstones (2011)

ABSTRACT We analyzed the influence of pore fluid composition on the complex electrical conductivity of three sandstones with differing porosity and permeability. The fluid electrical conductivity (σw) of sodium and calcium chloride solutions was gradually increased from 25 mS/m to 2300 mS/m. The expected linear relation between σw and the real component of electrical conductivity (σ′) of the saturated samples was observed. The imaginary component (σ′′) exhibits a steeper increase at lower salinities that flattens at higher salinities. For a glauconitic sandstone and a high porosity Bunter sandstone, σ′′ approaches an asymptotic value at high salinities. Sodium cations result in larger values of σ′′ than calcium cations in solutions of equal concentration. Debye decomposition was used to determine normalized chargeability (mn) and average relaxation time (τ) from spectral data. The behavior of σ′′ is comparable to mn as both parameters measure the polarizability. At lower salinity, the relation between mn and σw approximates a power law with an exponent of ∼0.5. The average relaxation time shows only a weak dependence on σw. The normalized chargeability of sandstone samples can be described by the product of the pore space related internal surface and a quantity characterizing the polarizability of the mineral-fluid interface that depends on fluid chemistry. We introduce a new parameter, the specific polarizability, describing this dependence. We propose relations between polarizability and fluid chemistry that could be used to estimate pore space internal surface across samples of varying σw. We observe a consistent maximum polarizability for quartz dominated siliceous material.
Notice of Removal: Functional ultrasound (fUS) allows measurements of cerebral blood volume response delays (2017)

Removed.
High-performance RF coil inductors on silicon (2002)

Strong demand for wireless communication devices has motivated research directed toward monolithic integration of transceivers. The fundamental electronic component least compatible with silicon integrated circuits is the inductor, although a number of inductors are required to implement oscillators, filters and matching networks in cellular devices. Spiral inductors have been integrated into the silicon IC metallization sequence but have not performed adequately due to coupling to the silicon which results in parasitic capacitance and loss. We have, for the first time, fabricated three-dimensional coil inductors on silicon which have significantly lower capacitive coupling and loss and which now exceed the requirements of potential applications. Quality factors of 30 at 1 GHz have been measured in single turn devices and Q>16 in 2 and 4 turn devices. The reduced Q for multiturn devices appears to be related to eddy currents in outer turns generated by magnetic fields from current in neighboring turns. Higher Q values significantly in excess of 30 are anticipated using modified coil designs.
ML-estimator and CRLB on carrier-frequency offset in TDM receivers for direction finding (2011)

Recently switched antenna array, sometimes also called Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), receivers have found their way in systems suitable for, e.g. indoor positioning. Such systems use low-power and low-cost transmitters and receivers, having significant differences in their local reference clocks. Consequently, the received signal in the base-band carries a carrier-frequency offset (CFO). This CFO has to be estimated from the observed signal and compensated for. In this paper Cramer-Rao lower bounds on the CFO for two data models of switched antenna array receivers signals are derived. Furthermore a closed form Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the CFO and the antenna data is proposed. The derived CRLBs are used to study the statistical performance of the maximum likelihood estimator.
Metabolic and pharmacological profiling of Penicillium claviforme by a combination of experimental and bioinformatic approaches (2022)

Metabolic profile of <i>P. claviforme</i> shows the presence of biologically relevant compounds in ethyl acetate extract. In addition, <i>P. claviforme</i> exhibits substantial antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in an <i>in vitro</i> model as well as antinociceptive activity in an <i>in vivo</i> model. The antinociceptive action is also supported by a molecular docking study. This research has opened up new possibilities in the disciplines of mycology, agriculture, and pharmaceutics. Key messagesThe first time explored complete metabolome through GC-MS and LC-MS-QTOF.Both <i>in vivo</i> & <i>in vitro</i> pharmacological investigation of <i>P. claviforme</i>.<i>In silico</i> molecular docking of LC-MS-QTOF metabolites.
Broadband packet wireless access based on VSF-OFCDM and MC/DS-CDMA (2003)

This paper proposes broadband packet wireless access employing Variable Spreading Factor-Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing (VSF-OFCDM) with two-dimensional spreading that prioritizes time domain spreading in the forward link and multi-carrier/DS-CDMA (MC/DS-CDMA) in the reverse link for the system beyond IMT-2000. Based on the wireless access scheme, we propose major radio air interfaces in the physical layer to achieve our target maximum throughput beyond 100 Mbps and 20 Mbps in the forward and reverse links, respectively. Furthermore, we present key technologies such as the adaptive radio link parameter control coupled with link adaptation, pilot channel assisted coherent detection in both links, adaptive antenna array beam forming transmitter and receiver, cell search, and channel coding. Finally, simulation results elucidate that VSF-OFCDM using die proposed radio link parameters achieves a throughput above 100 Mbps at the average received signal energy per symbol-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (Ea/No) of approximately 13 dB (101.5 MHz bandwidth, without antenna diversity reception, 12-path Rayleigh fading channel). Furthermore, MC/DS-CDMA realizes a throughput above 20 Mbps at the average received Ea/No of approximately 8 dB (40 MHz bandwidth, with antenna diversity reception, 6-path Rayleigh fading channel).
Coupling Supported Lipid Bilayer Electrophoresis with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2013)

Herein, we describe a new analytical platform utilizing advances in heterogeneous supported lipid bilayer (SLB) electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging. This platform allowed for the separation and visualization of both charged and neutral lipid membrane components without the need for extrinsic labels. A heterogeneous SLB was created using vesicles containing monosialoganglioside GM1, disialoganglioside GD1b, POPC, as well as the ortho and para isomers of Texas Red-DHPE. These components were then separated electrophoretically into five resolved bands. This represents the most complex separation by SLB electrophoresis performed to date. The SLB samples were flash frozen in liquid ethane and dried under vacuum before imaging with MALDI-MS. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to confirm the position of the Texas Red labeled lipids, which agreed well with the MALDI-MS imaging results. These results clearly demonstrate this platform's ability to isolate and identify nonlabeled membrane components within an SLB.