gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressive digital holography for reconstruction of partially occluded objects (2012)

Several researches have demonstrated that partially occluded objects may be imaged with help of 3-D imaging systems. Here, we formulate the partially occluded object recovery problem as a compressive sensing problem, where the sensing mechanism is based on the Fresnel transform that can be acquired by various holographic recording techniques. We show that a high resolution object can be reconstructed from its single hologram and discuss the influence of the occluding environment's structure on the object's reconstruction fidelity.
Evaluation of the Enzymatic Reactive Distillation for the Production of Chiral Compounds (2015)

Abstract In this work we investigated the feasibility of resolution and production of chiral compounds in an enzymatic reactive distillation column. Here, the transesterification of racemic 1‐phenylethanol with isopropenyl acetate was chosen as the model system. Enzyme kinetics with the enzymatic catalyst Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on polymer beads were investigated experimentally. Based on those, a detailed model of enzymatic reactive distillation was developed and a subsequent model‐based process analysis showed the achievement of high conversion rates and a full separation of the reaction products.
Efficient Algorithms for Constructing Minimum-Weight Codewords in Some Extended Binary BCH Codes (2023)

We present $O(m^3)$ algorithms for specifying the support of minimum-weight words of extended binary BCH codes of length $n=2^m$ and designed distance $d(m,s,i):=2^{m-1-s}-2^{m-1-i-s}$ for some values of $m,i,s$, where $m$ may grow to infinity. The support is specified as the sum of two sets: a set of $2^{2i-1}-2^{i-1}$ elements, and a subspace of dimension $m-2i-s$, specified by a basis. In some detail, for designed distance $6\cdot 2^j$, we have a deterministic algorithm for even $m\geq 4$, and a probabilistic algorithm with success probability $1-O(2^{-m})$ for odd $m&gt;4$. For designed distance $28\cdot 2^j$, we have a probabilistic algorithm with success probability $\geq 1/3-O(2^{-m/2})$ for even $m\geq 6$. Finally, for designed distance $120\cdot 2^j$, we have a deterministic algorithm for $m\geq 8$ divisible by $4$. We also present a construction via Gold functions when $2i|m$. Our construction builds on results of Kasami and Lin (IEEE T-IT, 1972), who proved that for extended binary BCH codes of designed distance $d(m,s,i)$, the minimum distance equals the designed distance. Their proof makes use of a non-constructive result of Berlekamp (Inform. Contrl., 1970), and a constructive ``down-conversion theorem'' that converts some words in BCH codes to lower-weight words in BCH codes of lower designed distance. Our main contribution is in replacing the non-constructive argument of Berlekamp by a low-complexity algorithm. In one aspect, we extends the results of Grigorescu and Kaufman (IEEE T-IT, 2012), who presented explicit minimum-weight words for designed distance $6$ (and hence also for designed distance $6\cdot 2^j$, by a well-known ``up-conversion theorem''), as we cover more cases of the minimum distance. However, the minimum-weight words we construct are not affine generators for designed distance $&gt;6$.
Extended Methodology to Determine SRAM Write Margin in Resistance-Dominated Technology Node (2022)

An extended write-ability methodology of static random-access memory (SRAM) in advanced technology nodes is proposed in this article. Increased bitline (BL) resistance in sub-10 nm node has hindered BL from fully discharge during a write operation. Furthermore, the write ability is degraded by an increased leakage current of half-selected bitcells on BL and BL capacitance operated in high frequency. In a realistic write operation, BL parasitics also cause 30% SRAM yield loss in interconnect resistance-dominated technology nodes. Thus, this proposed method analyzes the time-dependent impacts of BL parasitic resistors, capacitors, and pass-gate (PG) transistors on write margin considering the negative BL (NBL) assist technique.
Mobility and Stability of the Intact and Replaced Knee (2015)

Having demonstrated in Chapter 2 that a fully conforming mobile bearing can minimise polyethylene wear, in this chapter we show that a mobile bearing prosthesis, unconstrained in the sagittal plane, can restore natural mobility and stability. For surgeon readers who are less interested in the theoretical background, it might be advisable to go straight to Chapter 4, Indications, or to start by reading the final section of this chapter, The Loaded Prosthetic Knee. If that proves interesting, the surgeon might attempt The Unloaded Prosthetic Knee. For the more research minded surgeon or engineer, it seems more logical to start with the Unloaded Natural Knee (the longest section of the chapter) and to read from there. The chapter may also be of interest to those surgeons embarking on the use of a bi-cruciate retaining total knee replacement.&#x0D;
A Hybrid Modeling and Simulation Methodology for Dynamic Physical Systems (2002)

This article presents the design and implementation of a robust simulation methodology for hybrid models of physical systems that encompasses behavior patterns that undergo discrete transitions between modes of continuous behavior evolution. This methodology is based on a mathematical framework that captures time scale and parameter abstractions in modeling complex physical phenomena. The formal semantics for characterizing hybrid behaviors is defined in terms of three distinct modes of system operation: (1) continuous, (2) pinnacles, and (3) mythical. A key link is established between the switching transitions and the a priori and a posteriori state vector values, which defines the recursive mode switching functions that govern the interactions between the continuous and discrete components of the system models. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by examples of physical system models that are presented along with a simulator to handle these.
System Dynamics and Tradeoffs in Radio Astronomical Data Transport of an Integrated Satellite Communication and Radio Astronomy System (2023)

This paper considers an integrated mega-constellation non-geostationary orbit satellite system which provides both communication and radio astronomical observation (RAO) services. We focus on RAO data transport from the RAO-conducting satellites (called source satellites) to the ground gateways where each gateway is directly connected to a certain number of satellites (called destination satellites). We introduce a generalized inter-satellite link (ISL) connection model which extends the existing approach of adjacent-only ISL connections to include non-adjacent ISL connections. This model is implemented with an upper limit on the ISL distance which can be adjusted for performance tradeoffs. Next, we develop analytical expressions to study two impacts of satellite dynamics on the RAO data transport. The first one concerns with the beam misalignment of individual ISL hops. The second one corresponds to whether destination satellites move outside the gateway coverage during the end-to-end delay interval of a data packet transport. Furthermore, we introduce delay, energy, and spectrum usage performance metrics and evaluate them to yield performance tradeoff guidelines. A simplified data transport path model is also presented to facilitate analytical performance evaluation and initial system design settings. Then, we present a new RAO data transport design which incorporates system dynamics and desired performance tradeoffs. Finally, analytical and simulation results and discussions are presented.
Micro‐Macroporous Composite Materials – Preparation Techniques and Selected Applications: A Review (2018)

Pores, on several orders of magnitude in size, control the properties of a solid material to a large extent. This is just as true for materials containing pores in the sub‐nanometer range like zeolites as for cellular foam structures with pores of several millimeters in size. All these porous materials have their distinct potential application ranging from heterogeneous catalysis to metal melt filtration. In many cases, the (hierarchical) combination of pores with different size regimes can improve the performance of the respective porous material or can lead to entirely new properties and applications. This review addresses the preparation and properties of microporous‐macroporous composite materials based on cellular foam supports (ceramic, metal, polymer) with a coating of a microporous compound (zeolite, zeotype framework, metal‐organic framework). The manufacturing of these materials can either be performed by dispersion‐based techniques, where the microporous coating is applied from a dispersion onto the cellular support (ex situ), or in situ by crystallization of the microporous compound directly onto the struts of the foam structure. In both cases, the general procedure can be modified by a pretreatment of the cellular support in order to improve the coating layer adherence, the overall amount of deposited material, or to control of the crystal morphology of the microporous compound.
Load Distribution Aware Soft Frequency Reuse for Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation and Throughput Maximization in LTE Networks (2011)

This paper proposes a novel load distribution aware soft frequency reuse (LDA-SFR) scheme for inter-cell interference mitigation and performance optimization in next generation wireless networks. Our proposed scheme aims to provide a solution to effectively achieve inter-cell interference mitigation while maintaining high spectrum efficiency to all users in the cell. The proposed scheme consists of two novel algorithms: edge bandwidth reuse and centre bandwidth compensation. Using the edge bandwidth reuse algorithm, cell-edge users can take advantage of uneven traffic load and user distributions within each cell to expand their resource allocations. The center bandwidth compensation algorithm, on the other hand, provides a protection mechanism for cell-center users to avoid exhaustive edge bandwidth extension. Applying LDA-SFR to an LTE network and comparing its performance against that of existing soft frequency reuse (SFR) and adaptive soft frequency reuse (ASFR) schemes indicates that LDA-SFR is superior as it achieves fairness between cell-edge users and cell-center users in terms of average throughput improvement.
Estrutura e dinâmica de geossistemas locais numa área de exceção do semiárido brasileiro (2022)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo representar a dinâmica de geossistemas a partir da análise integrada de sítios (geoformas) e estados (uso e cobertura da terra), com base na aplicação dos princípios advindos da teoria dos geossistemas. Estudos como este permitem promover intervenções corretivas ou preventivas de conservação dos recursos naturais existentes, através do uso da geoinformação, como ferramentas de apoio em decisões na gestão ambiental. A área de estudo, consiste num trecho de 525ha no município de Triunfo (PE), área de excepcionalidade edafoclimática do semiárido pernambucano (Nordeste do Brasil). Para tanto, foi realizada uma interpretação integrada de imagens aéreas de alta resolução, de anos distintos, visando determinar mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra. Paralelamente, foram mapeados sítios paisagísticos, definidos pelas formas de relevo e materiais superficiais. Por fim, construiu-se um mapa de unidades de paisagem pela integração dos mapas de sítios e estados. Tais técnicas empregadas, revelaram-se procedimentos relativamente descomplicados e acessíveis para uma avaliação rápida das unidades de paisagens.
On-chip cell lysis by local hydroxide generation (2004)

We present a novel method for on-chip cell lysis based on local hydroxide electro-generation. Hydroxide ions porate the cell membrane, leading to cell lysis. After lysis occurs, hydrogen ions, also generated on chip, react with excess hydroxide, creating a neutral pH lysate and eliminating the need for a wash step. Three different cell types are shown to be effectively lysed by this method: red blood cells, HeLa (human tumor line) and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. The release of cytoplasmic molecules from HeLa and CHO cells is demonstrated by monitoring the escape of a membrane impermeant dye from the cytoplasm. In the vicinity of the cathode, the hydroxide concentration is predicted by finite element simulations and shown to fit the lysis rates at different distances from the generating cathode. For flow-through experiments, a second device integrating a mechanical filter with hydroxide generation is fabricated and tested. The purpose of the filter is to trap whole cells and only allow lysate to pass through. The flow rate dependence of hydroxide concentration at the lysis filter is modeled and lysis efficiency is experimentally determined to be proportional to the hydroxide concentration for flow rates from 15 to 30 microl min(-1).
Cover Feature: Lignin–Inorganic Interfaces: Chemistry and Applications from Adsorbents to Catalysts and Energy Storage Materials (ChemSusChem 17/2020) (2020)

The Cover Feature shows lignin–inorganic hybrid and composite materials as an emerging type of materials with soft/hard interface and attractive properties to applications such as adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. The cover artwork was proposed and designed by Jinrong Liu. More information can be found in the Minireview by T. M. Budnyak et al.
Modeling and characterization of the polymer stud grid array (PSGA) package: electrical, thermal and thermo-mechanical qualification (2003)

We characterize the polymer stud grid array (PSGA) package electrically, thermally and thermo-mechanically for successful commercial application. For the electrical characterization, we extract lumped parameter resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) models for the interconnects from simulations. We also measure the RF performance of the package on printed circuit board (PCB) test structures. The average self-inductance from the wirebond pad to the bottom of the stud is 0.53 nH and the total capacitance to the ground is 0.26 pF for an interconnection of the periphery of the over the edge (OTE) type PSGA. The lumped RLC model is verified by full three-dimensional (3-D) EM simulations. Simulation models also indicate that the "Micro-via" (/spl mu/-via) type of interconnection on the PSGA package improves performance by decreasing the inductance on an average by 60%. Thermal characterization involves the development of a steady-state thermal compact model with six nodes for the 72-pin PSGA. We also perform transient thermal measurements on test packages to fine-tune the detailed model. For the thermo-mechanical case we test the first level and second level reliability by experiments and optimize them using simulations. The board level reliability for the 72-pin PSGA mounted on a PCB is very high (N50%>10000 cycles). Simulations also show a higher reliability for the PSGA than the plastic ball grid array (PBGA).
Using a Two-Stage Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor (MBfR) to Achieve Complete Perchlorate Reduction in the Presence of Nitrate and Sulfate (2013)

We evaluated a strategy for achieving complete reduction of perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) in the presence of much higher concentrations of sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). Full ClO(4)(-) reduction was achieved by using a two-stage MBfR with controlled NO(3)(-) surface loadings to each stage. With an equivalent NO(3)(-) surface loading larger than 0.65 ± 0.04 g N/m(2)-day, the lead MBfR removed about 87 ± 4% of NO(3)(-) and 30 ± 8% of ClO(4)(-). This decreased the equivalent surface loading of NO(3)(-) to 0.34 ± 0.04-0.53 ± 0.03 g N/m(2)-day for the lag MBfR, in which ClO(4)(-) was reduced to nondetectable. SO(4)(2-) reduction was eliminated without compromising full ClO(4)(-) reduction using a higher flow rate that gave an equivalent NO(3)(-) surface loading of 0.94 ± 0.05 g N/m(2)-day in the lead MBfR and 0.53 ± 0.03 g N/m(2)-day in the lag MBfR. Results from qPCR and pyrosequencing showed that the lead and lag MBfRs had distinctly different microbial communities when SO(4)(2-) reduction took place. Denitrifying bacteria (DB), quantified using the nirS and nirK genes, dominated the biofilm in the lead MBfR, but perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB), quantified using the pcrA gene, became more important in the lag MBfR. The facultative anaerobic bacteria Dechloromonas, Rubrivivax, and Enterobacter were dominant genera in the lead MBfR, where their main function was to reduce NO(3)(-). With a small NO(3)(-) surface loading and full ClO(4)(-) reduction, the dominant genera shifted to ClO(4)(-)-reducing bacteria Sphaerotilus, Rhodocyclaceae, and Rhodobacter in the lag MBfR.
Clinical Trial Designs for the Early Clinical Development of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines (2001)

There are major differences between therapeutic tumor vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents that have important implications for the design of early clinical trials. Many vaccines are inherently safe and do not require phase I dose finding trials. Patients with advanced cancers and compromised immune systems are not good candidates for assessing either the toxicity or efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines. The rapid pace of development of new vaccine candidates and the variety of possible adjuvants and modifications in method of administration makes it important to use efficient designs for clinical screening and evaluation of vaccine regimens. We review the potential advantages of a wide range of clinical trial designs for the development of tumor vaccines. We address the role of immunological endpoints in early clinical trials of tumor vaccines, investigate the design implications of attempting to use disease stabilization as an end point and discuss the difficulties of reliably utilizing historical control data. Several conclusions for expediting the clinical development of effective cancer vaccines are proposed.
Continuous‐Flow Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Pure Formic Acid using an Integrated scCO 2 Process with Immobilized Catalyst and Base (2012)

Doppelrolle für CO2: Reine Ameisensäure lässt sich aus CO2 und H2 kontinuierlich in einem integrierten Verfahren erhalten (siehe Schema). Dabei werden ein immobilisierter metallorganischer Rutheniumkomplex und eine nichtflüchtige Base in einer ionischen Flüssigkeit (IL) mit überkritischem (sc) CO2 kombiniert, das gleichzeitig als Reaktant und Extraktionsmittel fungiert. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interface trap characterization and electrical properties of Au-ZnO nanorod Schottky diodes by conductance and capacitance methods (2012)

Schottky diodes with Au/ZnO nanorod (NR)/n-SiC configurations have been fabricated and their interface traps and electrical properties have been investigated by current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), capacitance-frequency (C-f), and conductance-frequency (Gp/ω-ω) measurements. Detailed and systematic analysis of the frequency-dependent capacitance and conductance measurements was performed to extract the information about the interface trap states. The discrepancy between the high barrier height values obtained from the I-V and the C-V measurements was also analyzed. The higher capacitance at low frequencies was attributed to excess capacitance as a result of interface states in equilibrium in the ZnO that can follow the alternating current signal. The energy of the interface states (Ess) with respect to the valence band at the ZnO NR surface was also calculated. The densities of interface states obtained from the conductance and capacitance methods agreed well with each other and this confirm that the observed capacitance and conductance are caused by the same physical processes, i.e., recombination-generation in the interface states.
Block-GP: Scalable Gaussian Process Regression for Multimodal Data (2010)

Regression problems on massive data sets are ubiquitous in many application domains including the Internet, earth and space sciences, and finances. In many cases, regression algorithms such as linear regression or neural networks attempt to fit the target variable as a function of the input variables without regard to the underlying joint distribution of the variables. As a result, these global models are not sensitive to variations in the local structure of the input space. Several algorithms, including the mixture of experts model, classification and regression trees (CART), and others have been developed, motivated by the fact that a variability in the local distribution of inputs may be reflective of a significant change in the target variable. While these methods can handle the non-stationarity in the relationships to varying degrees, they are often not scalable and, therefore, not used in large scale data mining applications. In this paper we develop Block-GP, a Gaussian Process regression framework for multimodal data, that can be an order of magnitude more scalable than existing state-of-the-art nonlinear regression algorithms. The framework builds local Gaussian Processes on semantically meaningful partitions of the data and provides higher prediction accuracy than a single global model with very high confidence. The method relies on approximating the covariance matrix of the entire input space by smaller covariance matrices that can be modeled independently, and can therefore be parallelized for faster execution. Theoretical analysis and empirical studies on various synthetic and real data sets show high accuracy and scalability of Block-GP compared to existing nonlinear regression techniques.
Sepsis bei Frühgeborenen mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1500 Gramm – eine Zwillingsstudie mit Daten aus dem Deutschen Frühgeborenennetzwerk (German Neonatal Network- GNN) (2023)

Hintergrund Die Sepsis ist die zweithäufigste Todesursache bei Frühgeborenen. Für eine Reihe von Infektionskrankheiten sind genetische Faktoren beschrieben, wie z.B. der Zusammenhang von Blutgruppe A mit schweren Verläufen einer SARS-CoV2 Infektion [1]. Bei Frühgeborenen ist die Blutgruppe AB mit einer höheren Rate an nekrotisierender Enterokolitis assoziiert [2], auch für das fast zeitgleiche Auftreten von Gruppe-B- Streptokokkeninfektionen bei frühgeborenen Zwillingen werden genetische Einflüsse postuliert [3], es liegen bislang aber keine reproduzierbaren Daten vor.
Spectrum bias in algorithms derived by artificial intelligence: a case study in detecting aortic stenosis using electrocardiograms (2021)

While the algorithm performed robustly in identifying severe AS, this study shows that limiting datasets to clearly positive or negative labels leads to overestimation of test performance when testing an AI algorithm in the setting of classifying severe AS using ECG data. While the effect of the bias may be modest in this example, clinicians should be aware of the existence of such a bias in AI-derived algorithms.