gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing Techniques for Shock Accelerometers below 10,000 g (2013)

Research in the fields of impact science and penetration mechanics is often focused on the acceleration of projectiles during launch and penetration. In recent studies, various researchers have started using the Hopkinson bar to evaluate the performance of shock accelerometers for 10,000–100,000 g (1 g = 9.81 m/s2) accelerations. However, very little work has focused on shock environments below 10,000 g using the Hopkinson bar setup, although it has been reported that there may exist the peak amplitudes of sub 10,000 g acceleration during the penetration of concrete targets. Consequently, the presence of these acceleration levels in projectile penetration yields a definite need to create well-controlled accelerations below 10,000 g in a laboratory setting. In this study, two types of experimental techniques were investigated for accelerometer performance evaluation. The first was to modify the Hopkinson bar setup to test shock accelerometers with special attention to the acceleration level below 10,000 g. The second was to investigate a drop tower tester for the evaluation of shock accelerometers below 1,000 g.
Modeling of Insulin Action In Vivo (1992)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Reliability of Systems with Limited Repairs (1987)

Reliability is the probability that a system functions according to specifications over a given period of time. During this period, system specifications may allow failures and repairs to occur. This paper considers systems with specifications which limit the repair process. Such systems place a limitation on either the repair duration or the number of repairs. For example, a system controlling a real-time process may go down, be repaired, and continue proper control as long as the repair duration does not exceed a specified bound. Otherwise, the system fails. We model and analyze systems with three different types of limited repairs: 1) Bounded repair time, 2) Bounded cumulative repair time, and 3) Bounded number of repairs. Examples of such models exist in real-time process control, shock models, transaction processing, and maintenance models. For each of the three types of systems with limited repairs, we derive the distributions and the mean values of the system lifetime, the cumulative operational time, and the largest continuous operational time before a complete system failure. We also consider the execution of a task on such systems. The task is preempted upon the occurence of a failure, and is resumed or repeated after repair. The probability of completion of a task with a given work requirement in the three limited downtime scenarios is derived. We study the effect of preemptive-resume versus preemptive-repeat failures on the probability of task completion.
In Situ STM Study of CdTe ECALE Bilayers on Gold (1998)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used in situ to study the epitaxial growth of CdTe bilayers electrodeposited onto Au single-crystal surfaces. The films were produced by the alternate reductive underpotential deposition of Te and Cd by the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) technique. The kinetics of electrocrystallization were found to be consistent with an instantaneous 2-D nucleation and growth model. Atomic resolution images of the corresponding first UPD structures of tellurium prior to Cd deposition in a CdSO4 solution have been obtained. Cd/Te bilayer structures formed by Cd UPD on Au(111)-(12×12)Te, Au(110)-c(2×8)Te, and Au(100)-(2×2)Te were Au(111)-(3×3)CdTe, Au(110)-(2×3)CdTe, and Au(100)-c(2×2)CdTe bilayers, respectively. To maintain stoichiometry, bilayer formation was accompanied where necessary (increasing in the order Au(111)-(3×3)CdTe < Au(110)-(2×3)CdTe < Au(100)-c(2×2)CdTe) by a significant rearrangement of the Te structure during bilayer growth. This process was found to take place without three-dimensional nucleation and resulted in the exposure of large Au(100) patches randomly distributed on the terraces, on which Cd was deposited. In striving for structural epitaxy on the gold substrates, structures exhibiting a compression of the bulk lattice planes were observed for cases where both excess and insufficient Te in the UPD layer was present to form the bilayer of ideal density. This observed inhomogeneity in the growth of Au(100)-c(2×2)CdTe was consistent with a Cd-induced structure in the Te stripping peak on Au(100) and a Coulometric excess of adsorbed Cd in the overall layer.
Congestion-Based Rate and Power Control in Wireless Cellular Networks (2011)

In a cellular network it is necessary to make a trade-off between congestion and Quality of Service (QoS) of the users. To ensure good system performance in uplink of a WCDMA network, control loops are used to adapt to changing radio and interference conditions. A fast inner power control loop updates the transmission powers of the mobiles based on measurements related to QoS, which are compared to a reference value. The reference value is set dynamically by a slower outer rate control loop that uses measurements of congestion. There is a time-scale difference between the loops, but joint dynamics cannot be neglected. In this paper we derive a high order system model with distributed feedback control based on locally measurable information. We model the time-scale difference between the loops and include this in the model. We give sufficient conditions for stability using control theoretic methods and validate the model and results by simulations.
Latent Thermo-Switchable Olefin Metathesis Initiators Bearing a Pyridyl-Functionalized Chelating Carbene: Influence of the Leaving Group’s Rigidity on the Catalyst’s Performance (2009)

The synthesis and characterization of two ruthenium complexes bearing chelating carbene ligands is described. Carbene precursors, 2-(2-vinylphenyl)pyridine and 10-vinylbenzo[h]quinoline, are applied to prepare (SPY-5-31)-dichloro-(κ2(C,N)-N-2-(2-vinylbenzylidene)pyridine(1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene)ruthenium (VIII) and (SPY-5-31)-dichloro-(κ2(C,N)-2-(benzo[h]quinolin-10-yl)methylidene)(1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene)ruthenium (IX). Both catalysts/initiators are used to perform ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMP). RCM experiments reveal significant thermal stability of the catalysts under forcing reaction conditions such as boiling toluene for 48 h. Even challenging substrates such as diethylallyl(2-methylallyl)malonate are completely transformed with low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol % at 110 °C). The high thermal stability, i.e., latency, might be explained by a slow generation of the catalytically active methylidene species. This feature leads to high molecular weight polymers and a thermal switchability in ROMP. Initiation of polymerizations of several norbornene derivatives occurs at about 48 ± 5 °C in the case of initiator VIII and at 110 ± 9 °C in the case of IX. A substantial increase of the switching temperature in the following cases could be supported with higher rigidity of the chelating carbene moiety in IX when compared to VIII.
Reprogramming Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells for CD103+CD8+ Mucosal T-cell Differentiation and Breast Cancer Rejection (2014)

Our studies showed that tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DC) in breast cancer drive inflammatory Th2 (iTh2) cells and protumor inflammation. Here, we show that intratumoral delivery of the β-glucan curdlan, a ligand of dectin-1, blocks the generation of iTh2 cells and prevents breast cancer progression in vivo. Curdlan reprograms tumor-infiltrating DCs via the ligation of dectin-1, enabling the DCs to become resistant to cancer-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), to produce IL-12p70, and to favor the generation of Th1 cells. DCs activated via dectin-1, but not those activated with TLR-7/8 ligand or poly I:C, induce CD8+ T cells to express CD103 (αE integrin), a ligand for cancer cells, E-cadherin. Generation of these mucosal CD8+ T cells is regulated by DC-derived integrin αvβ8 and TGF-β activation in a dectin-1-dependent fashion. These CD103+ CD8+ mucosal T cells accumulate in the tumors, thereby increasing cancer necrosis and inhibiting cancer progression in vivo in a humanized mouse model of breast cancer. Importantly, CD103+ CD8+ mucosal T cells elicited by reprogrammed DCs can reject established cancer. Thus, reprogramming tumor-infiltrating DCs represents a new strategy for cancer rejection.
Dynamic Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS): Extracting SERS from Normal Raman Scattering (2012)

We have demonstrated two significant benefits of dynamic surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (DSERS) measurements: removal of instrumental and normal Raman interferences in surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectroscopy and site-selective spectroscopy of adsorbate populations on SERS-active particles. Our first example of shelled nanoparticles at very low concentrations confirmed the benefit of DSERS for removal of an overwhelmingly strong solvent spectral interference. The second benefit, site selection, was demonstrated with 4-mercaptopyridine on bare Au nanoparticles to observe a small population of molecules that were spectroscopically unique from the large population of molecules on the particles. The DSERS spectrum originated from excess variance between a small population of adsorbates on the ensemble of nanoparticles.
Optical phase modulation by natural eye movements: application to time-domain FF-OCT image retrieval (2021)

Eye movements are commonly seen as an obstacle to high-resolution ophthalmic imaging. In this context we study the natural axial movements of in vivo human eye and show that they can be used to modulate the optical phase and retrieve tomographic images via time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (TD-FF-OCT). This approach opens a path to a simplified ophthalmic TD-FF-OCT device, operating without the usual piezo motor-camera synchronization. The device demonstrates in vivo human corneal images under different image retrieval schemes (2-phase and 4-phase) and different exposure times (3.5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms).
Effects of varying CoCrV seed layer deposition pressure on Ru crystallinity in perpendicular magnetic recording media (2009)

The effects of varying deposition parameters of a CoCrV seed layer under Ru on the structural and interfacial properties of both layers were studied. While sputtering power showed little effect on film structure, sputtering pressure during deposition of the seed layer had a significant effect on the structural properties of the seed layer. In particular, the grain morphology and crystallinity of the seed layer varied considerably with deposition pressure. Deposition of Ru using a constant recipe for all samples demonstrated the effect of varying seed layer deposition pressure on the Ru layer. The strain energy of the Ru film, a measurement of contraction due to the registry with the seed layer, was greatest at moderate seed layer sputtering pressures, while the Ru(0002) peak area was greatest at low sputtering pressures. The competing contributions of interfacial energy and strain energy describe this effect, with interfacial energy dominating at low sputtering pressures.
BAW technologies : development and applications within Martina, Mimosa and Mobilis IST european projects (2006)

The paper presents recent results obtained with FBAR and SMR BAW resonators for radiofrequency microelectronics applications within three European projects. The design and implementation of an RF front-end for WCDMA applications using an above-IC BAW band-pass filter is reported (SoC integration) from MARTINA European project. The second European project (MIMOSA) proposes a SiP integration to make an ISM-band wake-up radio receiver using a selective low-noise amplifier (LNA). The selectivity is assured by a SMR-type BAW bandpass filter. The CMOS IC chip and the BAW filter are connected together by wire-bonding or by flip- chipping. The objective of the third European project (MOBILIS) is to develop a robust and cost-effective integrated high-power RF filtering technology and demonstrate the feasibility of a mixed SoC (nanometric CMOS/system integration) and SiP (BiCMOS/power-BAW) RF power transmitter. The targeted transmitter is based on a Digital Radio transmitter architecture and addresses both the WCDMA and DCS standards. Finally, some solutions are proposed to address the BAW technology future challenges in terms of high frequency applications (> 10 GHz), multi-standard reconfigurability, one- chip radioa and combined ladder-stage with lattice stage.
Adult living donor liver transplantation: Preferences about donation outside the medical community (2001)

An increasing number of transplant centers are performing adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We evaluated peoples' perspectives on possible outcomes of living donation, thresholds for donating, and views regarding the donation process. One hundred fifty people were surveyed; half were from a medical care group serving an indigent population and half were from a private clinic. Preferences about outcomes of adult living donation were ranked and quantified on a visual analogue scale. Thresholds for donation to a loved one were quantified. Sixty percent of the respondents suggested they would prefer to donate and die and have the transplant recipient live rather than forego donation and have the potential transplant recipient die of liver failure. Participants' stated threshold for living donation was a median survival for themselves of only 79%. They would require that their loved one have a median survival of 55% with transplantation before they would agree to donate. Respondents from the medical care group reported higher survival thresholds for themselves and the transplant recipient, and race was the most statistically significant predictor of those thresholds. Sex was more predictive of threshold probabilities from the private clinic. Eighty-one percent of the respondents believed that the potential donor, not a physician, should have the final say regarding candidacy for living donation. In conclusion, the findings of this survey support the use of adult LDLT. Most respondents were willing to accept mortality rates that far exceed the estimated risk of donation and favored outcomes in which a loved one was saved.
Molecular Synthesis of High-Performance Near-IR Photodetectors with Independently Tunable Structural and Optical Properties Based on Si–Ge–Sn (2012)

This Article describes the development of an optimized chemistry-based synthesis method, supported by a purpose-built reactor technology, to produce the next generation of Ge(1-x-y)Si(x)Sn(y) materials on conventional Si(100) and Ge(100) platforms at gas-source molecular epitaxy conditions. Technologically relevant alloy compositions (1-5% Sn, 4-20% Si) are grown at ultralow temperatures (330-290 °C) using highly reactive tetragermane (Ge(4)H(10)), tetrasilane (Si(4)H(10)), and stannane (SnD(4)) hydride precursors, allowing the simultaneous increase of Si and Sn content (at a fixed Si/Sn ratio near 4) for the purpose of tuning the bandgap while maintaining lattice-matching to Ge. First principles thermochemistry studies were used to explain stability and reactivity differences between the Si/Ge hydride sources in terms of a complex interplay among the isomeric species, and provide guidance for optimizing process conditions. Collectively, this approach leads to unprecedented control over the substitutional incorporation of Sn into Si-Ge and yields materials with superior quality suitable for transitioning to the device arena. We demonstrate that both intrinsic and doped Ge(1-x-y)Si(x)Sn(y) layers can now be routinely produced with defect-free microstructure and viable thickness, allowing the fabrication of high-performance photodetectors on Ge(100). Highlights of these new devices include precisely adjustable absorption edges between 0.87 and 1.03 eV, low ideality factors close to unity, and state-of-the-art dark current densities for Ge-based materials. Our unequivocal realization of the "molecules to device" concept implies that GeSiSn alloys represent technologically viable semiconductors that now merit inclusion in the class of ubiquitous Si, Ge, and SiGe group IV systems.
Preclinical evaluation of the link module from human TSG--6 as a novel anti-resorptive agent for postmenopausal osteoporosis (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Supramolecular polymers for organocatalysis in water (2015)

An <sc>l</sc>-proline-functionalised benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide derivative self-assembles in water into well-defined, one-dimensional, helical, supramolecular polymers that efficiently catalyse aldol reactions.
Single photon emission from waveguide-integrated color centers in silicon (2022)

We demonstrate silicon color centers coupled to foundry-compatible silicon waveguides. We produced G-centers via carbon implantation in commercial silicon-on-insulator waveguides and measure through-waveguide single-photon emission in the telecommunications O-band.
Differential transcription inducibility by interferon of the HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 class-I genes (1991)

HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 class-I genes are differentially regulated in human T lymphoma Jurkat cells, at the transcriptional level, the expression of the HLA-B7 gene being selectively increased following alpha, beta or gamma interferon (IFN) treatment. Using a series of hybrid CAT constructs, associating HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 complete or fragmented promoters, the differential regulation was shown to be associated with 2 nucleotide differences at positions -176 and -175 in the interferon regulatory sequence (IRS) of the HLA-A3 and the HLA-B7 genes. Replacement, using site-directed mutagenesis, of the 2 thymidine in the HLA-A3-IRS by adenine and cytidine found at the same positions in the HLA-B7-IRS was sufficient to restore IFN inducibility of the HLA-A3 promoter and efficient interaction with HeLa nuclear factors. Since the same nucleotide differences are shared by all sequenced HLA-A and HLA-B class-I genes, the differential induction by IFN of the transcription of the HLA-A3 and B7 genes might be a general locus-related property.
A perspective on single cell behavior during infection (2016)

The interface between immune cells and intracellular bacterial pathogens produces complex, diverse interactions. During individual encounters, highly adaptable and dynamic host cells and bacteria vary in their responses, thereby contributing to well-documented heterogeneous outcomes of infection. The challenge now is to break down the multidimensionality of these interactions into informative readouts of population physiology and predictors of responses to infection. We recently reported one approach to this challenge that couples single cell RNA-seq analysis with fluorescent markers to characterize infection phenotype. <sup>1</sup> We detected bacterial subpopulations that elicit profoundly different host responses to infection in the specific host cells that they infect. Here we describe how heterogeneity might be maintained in populations of host and pathogens and discuss the advantages that heterogeneity confers to bacteria during infection and to host cells for eradicating a pathogen. We propose that single cell studies will allow the unraveling of host-pathogen biology and lead to an understanding of how the sum of individual encounters leads to the infection outcome of a whole organism.
Abstract 4350: Normal stem cells exhibit hypersensitivity and cell death in response to ionizing radiation (2012)

Abstract Radiotherapy is an efficient method of treating cancer. Several decades of clinical observation in patients treated with radiation/ radiomimetic drugs has, however, revealed undesirable consequences to the normal tissue. Ionizing radiation induced normal tissue injury manifests through symptoms such as hair loss, skin regeneration defects, erosion of intestinal epithelium, hematopoietic anomalies, diminished sperm counts, infertility, neuro-cognitive impairments etc. The phenomenon of “stem cell drop-out” can be attributed as the underlying cause for these side effects. However, insufficient research has been conducted for investigating the relative radiosensitivity of undifferentiated stem/ progenitor cells compared to their differentiated progenies and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this differential radiation response (DNA damage response and IR induced apoptotic response). We demonstrate stem cell specific apoptosis and hypersensitivity to low dose IR in various stem cell niches in vivo. Further, this stem cell hypersensitivity observed in the mouse tissue niches, is recapitulated in multiple primary cell culture models of undifferentiated stem cells and isogenic differentiated cells grown in appropriate stem cell culture/ differentiation conditions. Cell cycle parameters, checkpoint response and radiosensitive phases of these cells have been studied. Towards characterizing the novel associations between cellular differentiation, DNA damage response and apoptotic response, we have studied alterations in transcription profiles of stem and isogenic differentiated cells with and without radiation. Our investigation has uncovered transcriptional induction and suppression of genes that are unique to differentiation states. Results of our studies will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4350. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4350
The Sequential Lithiation of 1-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoles (1985)

I-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazole is lithiated exclusively at the -C-5 position.5-Methyl-l-phenyl-l,2,4-triaz01e produces the 5-lithiomethyl derivative; while the 5-ethyl, 5-methoxymethyl, and 5-acetic acid derivatives af I-phenyl-1,2,4-triad undergo exclusive lithiarion of the C-5-merhylene group. 5-Thiomerhyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4-tri- azole is lithiated on the C-5 thiomethyl group.The sequential lithiation of l-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole, I, was investigated as part af our 1 studies on the ~ynthesis of biologically active compounds .Raap has previously reported on the lithiation of 1-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole, 2, leading to the initial farmarion of the 5-lithio compound which is stable a t low temperatures, bur rapidly evolves nitrogen ar 20 to 50'C to form the lithium phenylkerenimine anion, 2.Lithiation studies on the 1,2,4-triazoles appear to have been neglected.The pattern of the sequential lithiation of l-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1, is quite different from that for ~-~h e n ~l p ~r a z o l e ~, but is similar to that for l-phenylimidazole and is obviously a result of the influence of the 4-N of the triazole ring.The initial lichiarian of 1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1, as in the case of 1-phenylpyrarole, proceeds as expected at the C-5 position TO give the 5-lithio-I-phenyl-l,&4-ttiieele, 4(R=Li).This compound on reaction with the appropriate reagent is converted to the 5-sub-
Use of Supercapacitors, Fuel cells and Electrochemical Batteries for Electric Road Vehicles: A Control Strategy (2007)

The paper deals with use of supercapacitors and fuel cells as auxiliary devices of on board energy sources. It shows that they can successfully support current peaks, temporarily requested by electrical road vehicles. The co-action is useful to improve energetic efficiency of the whole driving system and to take longer battery life. These advantages can be really reached in practice only by implementing proper control strategy for the power flow management. The paper suggests one of these techniques and by means of a digital simulation. A sample numerical example is finally given for better explaining the suggested control technique.