gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculating the stress of multi-track formations in induction-assisted laser cladding (2012)

In laser cladding weld bead tracks, which are often made of wear and corrosion resistant materials, are strongly joined to the subjacent work piece forming surfaces as well as complex volume build-ups. The process is typically characterized by high laser-related temperature gradients and also density changes due to phase transformations arising during cooling. That results in high thermal stresses which even may lead to the formation of cracks in case of brittle materials. An optimized temperature distribution of the process zone which might be reached by optimized process conditions or by additional inductive heat sources can significantly reduce critical stresses and, hence, the danger of cracking. Additionally the stress formation can be strongly influenced by a suitable placement of neighboring weld beads. Stresses of multi-track formations are completely different compared to the stress distribution of a single weld bead. By means of a heuristic as well as a three-dimensional FEM-model the interaction between process parameters, tailored temperature distributions and the placement of tracks has been clarified. Especially the transition of metallographic cross-sections into numerical meshes enables realistic simulations close to experiments. By means of parameter variations, stress levels can be reduced and the use of harder coating materials becomes possible.
Physical Methods for Controlling Cathodic Delamination on Outboard Cable Connectors (2018)

Many outboard cable connectors fail because of a process called “cathodic delamination” (henceforth: “CD”). The driving force for CD is the cathodic protection system used to prevent susceptible metals comprising ship and submarine hulls from corroding in the marine environment. Outboard cables are often grounded or attached to the hull of their parent vessel, from which they unintentionally pick up the protective cathodic current. The voltage used in these protective systems causes dissolved oxygen present in seawater to be reduced on exposed metal surfaces, leading to the production of hydroxyl anions. These anions create a very high pH microenvironment immediately above the cathodically polarized metal surface. The pH at the metal surface is sufficiently high to cause most polymers, paints and primers to debond rapidly from said surface. This enables seawater to debond polymer encapsulants from metal connector backshells, thereby allowing the seawater access to the interior of the connector, where it can short out, corrode, or otherwise damage, wire connections therein. Many marine hardware designers have tried to slow or prevent CD on connector backshells by applying coatings “resistant” to the high pH generated by the CD process. These efforts have met with limited success. Because the CD process requires positively charged cations to move to the zone of active debonding to charge-balance the negative hydroxyl anions being generated there, constrictive bands both above and beneath the surface of the encapsulant have been suggested as possible means for stopping the progress of CD down the length of a connector backshell. The results obtained from the application of exterior titanium bands and interior PEEK bands to connector backshells on the effects of CD will be discussed. In addition, changes to the design of connectors protected from CD by non-conductive ceramic (NCC) coatings that provide longer-lasting CD protection even in the harshest CD-promoting environments will also be presented. None of these techniques require changes to the coatings or encapsulant materials already in use on outboard cable connectors, and one of the methods (external bands) can even be applied to a connector after it is manufactured and installed. The results to be discussed suggest that the best, longest-lasting protection from CD will be obtained from both the use of CD resistant coatings and various mechanical enhancements designed to protect the vulnerable metal-polymer bonded interface.
High Strain Rate Fracture Behavior of Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints on Cu Substrates (2011)

During service, micro-cracks form inside solder joints, making a microelectronic package prone to failure particularly during a drop. Hence, the understanding of the fracture behavior of solder joints under drop conditions, synonymously at high strain rates and in mixed mode, is critically important. This study reports: (i) the effects of processing conditions (reflow parameters and aging) on the microstructure and fracture behavior of Sn-3.8%Ag-0.7%Cu (SAC387) solder joints attached to Cu substrates, and (ii) the effects of the loading conditions (strain rate and loading angle) on the fracture toughness of these joints, especially at high strain rates. A methodology for calculating critical energy release rate, GC, was employed to quantify the fracture toughness of the joints. Two parameters, (i) effective thickness of the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMC) layer, which is proportional to the product of the thickness and the roughness of the IMC layer, and (ii) yield strength of the solder, which depends on the solder microstructure and the loading rate, were identified as the dominant quantities affecting the fracture behavior of the solder joints. The fracture toughness of the solder joint decreased with an increase in the effective thickness of the IMC layer and the yield strength of the solder. A 2-dimensional fracture mechanism map with the effective thickness of the IMC layer and the yield strength of the solder as two axes and the fracture toughness as well as the fraction of different fracture paths as contour-lines was prepared. Trends in the fracture toughness of the solder joints and their correlation with the fracture modes are explained using the fracture mechanism map.
Non-invasive biomarkers for liver inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: present andfuture (2022)

Inflammation is the key driver of liver fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, it is often challenging to assess inflammation in NAFLD due to its dynamic nature and poor correlation with liver biochemical markers. Liver histology keeps its role as the standard tool, yet it is well-known for substantial sampling, intraobserver, and interobserver variability. Serum proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers, namely cytokeratin-18, are well-studied with reasonable accuracy, whereas serum metabolomics and lipidomics have been adopted in some commercially available diagnostic models. Ultrasound and computed tomography imaging techniques are attractive due to their wide availability; yet their accuracies may not be comparable with magnetic resonance imaging-based tools. Machine learning and deep learning models, be they supervised or unsupervised learning, are promising tools to identify various subtypes of NAFLD, including those with dominating liver inflammation, contributing to sustainable care pathways for NAFLD.
Effect of the sealing form in flexible bottle neck upon impact tensile behavior of multi layer laminate film (2002)

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Intra-Frame Context-Based Octree Coding for Point-Cloud Geometry (2018)

3D and free-viewpoint video has been slowly adopting a solid representation, such as using meshes and point-clouds. Among other characteristics, meshes provide direct surface representation, while point-cloud processing requires less computation. Points in the cloud are minimally represented by their geometry (3D position) and color. A common point-cloud geometry compression method is the octree representation, which acts on individual frames and can be further compressed by entropy encoding. This paper presents a lossless intra-frame compression method for point-cloud geometry, which uses the octree structure to provide better contexts for entropy coding. Results show that the proposed solution offers state-of-the-art performance, with an average rate reduction of 29% compared to the octree representation.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting microlasers (1990)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers 1-5 are generating much interest because of their geometric suitability for forming two-dimensional arrays and their potential for achieving ultra-low thresholds. Here, we report on electrically driven vertical-cavity microlasers ( µ lasers) which have transverse dimensions of a few micrometers and active material lengths of a few hundred angstroms. The small volumes are a key factor in achieving low thresholds.
Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of a Conserved Syntenic Segment in the Solanaceae (2008)

Comparative genomics is a powerful tool for gaining insight into genomic function and evolution. However, in plants, sequence data that would enable detailed comparisons of both coding and noncoding regions have been limited in availability. Here we report the generation and analysis of sequences for an unduplicated conserved syntenic segment (CSS) in the genomes of five members of the agriculturally important plant family Solanaceae. This CSS includes a 105-kb region of tomato chromosome 2 and orthologous regions of the potato, eggplant, pepper, and petunia genomes. With a total neutral divergence of 0.73-0.78 substitutions/site, these sequences are similar enough that most noncoding regions can be aligned, yet divergent enough to be informative about evolutionary dynamics and selective pressures. The CSS contains 17 distinct genes with generally conserved order and orientation, but with numerous small-scale differences between species. Our analysis indicates that the last common ancestor of these species lived approximately 27-36 million years ago, that more than one-third of short genomic segments (5-15 bp) are under selection, and that more than two-thirds of selected bases fall in noncoding regions. In addition, we identify genes under positive selection and analyze hundreds of conserved noncoding elements. This analysis provides a window into 30 million years of plant evolution in the absence of polyploidization.
Increasing patient safety using explanation-driven personalized content recommendation (2010)

In this paper we describe a novel approach of increasing patients' safety using explanation-driven personalized content recommendation. In this approach, patients are exposed to relevant medical information that is continuously gathered from various web sources and timely delivered, educating patients toward better preventive medicine decision making. Personalized content recommendations are further accompanied with detailed explanations that disclose useful information about each recommendation, helping patients to better utilize the recommended content for improving their safety. As a motivation for this approach, we describe the application of personalized ADE alerts. We then describe the recommendation system that we implement for the BlueMedics smart health system, which instantiates this approach.
Haloperidol Induces Calcium Ion Influx Via L-Type Calcium Channels in Hippocampal HN33 Cells and Renders the Neurons More Susceptible to Oxidative Stress (2006)

Haloperidol is a classical neuroleptic drug that is still in clinical use and can lead to abnormal motor activity following repeated administration. However, there is little knowledge of how it triggers neuronal impairment. In this study, we report that it induced calcium ion influx via L-type calcium channels and that the elevation of calcium ions induced by haloperidol appeared to render hippocampal cells more susceptible to oxidative stress. Indeed, the level of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax increased in response to oxidative stress in haloperidol-treated cells, and these effects were inhibited by verapamil, a specific L-type calcium channel blocker, but not by the T-type calcium channel blocker, mibefradil. These findings indicate that haloperidol induces calcium ion influx via L-type calcium channels and that this calcium influx influences neuronal fate.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A-Induced Hepatotoxicity Is Predominately Mediated by Fas Ligand (CD95L) (2004)

These novel findings demonstrate that the mechanisms of hepatic injury in endotoxin-induced and superantigen-induced sepsis are principally different. On one hand, SEA-provoked hepatotoxicity is mediated by FasL and is not associated with leukocyte recruitment. On the other hand, liver damage provoked by LPS is mediated by TNF-alpha and characterized by prominent leukocyte responses. These data may facilitate development of more specific therapies against sepsis of different origins.
Tracking changes in continuous emotion states using body language and prosodic cues (2011)

Human expressive interactions are characterized by an ongoing unfolding of verbal and nonverbal cues. Such cues convey the interlocutor's emotional state which is continuous and of variable intensity and clarity over time. In this paper, we examine the emotional content of body language cues describing a participant's posture, relative position and approach/withdraw behaviors during improvised affective interactions, and show that they reflect changes in the participant's activation and dominance levels. Furthermore, we describe a framework for tracking changes in emotional states during an interaction using a statistical mapping between the observed audiovisual cues and the underlying user state. Our approach shows promising results for tracking changes in activation and dominance.
Para-cresol production by Clostridium difficile affects microbial diversity and membrane integrity of Gram-negative bacteria (2018)

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive spore-forming anaerobe and a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Disruption of the commensal microbiota, such as through treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, is a critical precursor for colonisation by C. difficile and subsequent disease. Furthermore, failure of the gut microbiota to recover colonisation resistance can result in recurrence of infection. An unusual characteristic of C. difficile among gut bacteria is its ability to produce the bacteriostatic compound para-cresol (p-cresol) through fermentation of tyrosine. Here, we demonstrate that the ability of C. difficile to produce p-cresol in vitro provides a competitive advantage over gut bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Metabolic profiling of competitive co-cultures revealed that acetate, alanine, butyrate, isobutyrate, p-cresol and p-hydroxyphenylacetate were the main metabolites responsible for differentiating the parent strain C. difficile (630Δerm) from a defined mutant deficient in p-cresol production. Moreover, we show that the p-cresol mutant displays a fitness defect in a mouse relapse model of C. difficile infection (CDI). Analysis of the microbiome from this mouse model of CDI demonstrates that colonisation by the p-cresol mutant results in a distinctly altered intestinal microbiota, and metabolic profile, with a greater representation of Gammaproteobacteria, including the Pseudomonales and Enterobacteriales. We demonstrate that Gammaproteobacteria are susceptible to exogenous p-cresol in vitro and that there is a clear divide between bacterial Phyla and their susceptibility to p-cresol. In general, Gram-negative species were relatively sensitive to p-cresol, whereas Gram-positive species were more tolerant. This study demonstrates that production of p-cresol by C. difficile has an effect on the viability of intestinal bacteria as well as the major metabolites produced in vitro. These observations are upheld in a mouse model of CDI, in which p-cresol production affects the biodiversity of gut microbiota and faecal metabolite profiles, suggesting that p-cresol production contributes to C. difficile survival and pathogenesis.
Proton NMR study of the binding of bis(acridines) to d(AT)5.cntdot.d(AT)5. 1. Mode of binding (1985)

1H NMR has been used to investigate the mode of binding to d(AT)5.d(AT)5 of a series of bis(acridine) derivatives connected by different types of linker chains. The length and character (ionic, aliphatic, rigid, and flexible) of the linker chains are found to have a profound effect on the binding of these derivatives to the DNA. Bis(acridine) derivatives with linker chains shorter than 9 A monointercalate under the conditions used in the NMR study, whereas those bis(acridines) with chains of 9.8 A or longer bisintercalate. We find no evidence for the violation of the so-called neighbor exclusion principle. Although all of the bis(acridines) contain the same chromophores, their NMR spectra clearly demonstrate that they form complexes with d(AT)5.d(AT)5 which have different structures. This emphasizes the important effect that the linker chain has on the structure of the intercalation complex.
Land and ocean-bottom spatial gradient-based seismic wavefield separation (2017)

Multicomponent sensor arrangements to measure not only three components of translation but also the spatial gradients of the seismic wavefield are receiving increasing attention. Such configurations provide a new set of observables that have the potential to fundamentally change seismic data acquisition and processing. In particular, spatial gradient data enable to carry out processing with recordings from single stations and/or local receiver groups that conventionally requires large receiver arrays. Here, we discuss seismic wavefield decomposition techniques that use spatial wavefield gradient data to separate land and ocean bottom data into their upgoing/downgoing and P/S constituents. Our approach is based on the elastodynamic representation theorem and requires local measurements of the wavefield and its spatial gradients only. We demonstrate with synthetic data examples that combining translational measurements with spatial wavefield gradient estimates allows separating seismic data recorded either at the Earth's free-surface or at the sea bottom into upgoing/downgoing and P/S wavefield constituents just below the interface for typical incidence angle ranges of body waves. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 4:20 PM Location: 370A Presentation Type: ORAL
Abstract IA27: Inhibition of MYC transcriptional signaling (2015)

Abstract MYC is a master regulator of stem cell state, embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and aging. As in health, in disease MYC figures prominently. Decades of biological research have identified a central role for MYC in the pathophysiology of cancer, inflammation and heart disease. The centrality of MYC to such a vast breadth of disease biology has attracted significant attention to the historic challenge of developing inhibitors of MYC. This presentation will discuss therapeutic strategies towards the development of inhibitors of MYC-dependent transcriptional signaling and the elusive goal of developing potent, direct-acting inhibitors of MYC. Citation Format: James E. Bradner. Inhibition of MYC transcriptional signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
Abstract 2903: IMAB362, a novel first-in-class monoclonal antibody for treatment of pancreatic cancer (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most frequent subtype (&amp;gt;80%) of pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by a generally lethal progress within a short period of time after primary diagnosis. Despite high efforts, the treatment options are very limited and mainly of palliative nature. Therefore, we investigated whether IMAB362 might represent a potential treatment option in this patient population. IMAB362 is a highly potent and tumor-cell selective therapeutic antibody which is currently in clinical development in gastro-esophageal cancer (in phase II and IIb trials). IMAB362 is directed against the tight junction molecule CLDN18.2, a proliferation-promoting transmembrane protein, which is maintained during malignant transformation. Our previous studies demonstrated, that CLDN18.2 is expressed in &amp;gt;55% of patients with PDAC and frequently in metastases at considerable levels. To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of IMAB362 we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments on CLDN18.2 expressing PC cell lines. IMAB362 exerts its anti-tumor function by antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). ADCC was assessed in various cancer cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at an E:T-ratio of 40:1 in the presence of IMAB362. The efficacy ranged from 67.1 ± 6.8 to 92.6 ± 5.5%. EC50 was determined between 23.4 ± 12.3 ng/ml and 5.7 ± 4.4 µg/ml. IMAB362's capacity to induce CDC was analyzed by incubation of various tumor cell lines with healthy human serum as source for complement. We observed a dose-dependent lysis with EC50 values ranging from 0.3 - 2.6 µg/ml. In vivo studies in PC tumor bearing nude mice showed that administration of repeated doses of IMAB362 tends to result in inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival. Also, the anti-tumor effect of IMAB362 was strictly dependent on the expression of its target CLDN18.2. These results demonstrate that IMAB362 has antitumoral activity in vitro and in vivo against PC cell lines and PC xenografts. Most promising, the efficacy was due to IMAB362's single agent activity only. Combinations with established chemotherapies (e.g. 5-FU, gemcitabine) might deliver a strong rationale for clinical testing of the highly selective monoclonal antibody drug in patients with PDAC. Results from further in vivo testing of IMAB362 combinations with established chemotherapies will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Oezlem Tuereci, Stefan Woell, Stefan Jacobs, Rita Mitnacht-Kraus, Ugur Sahin. IMAB362, a novel first-in-class monoclonal antibody for treatment of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2903. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2903
Differences Between the Pattern of Developmental Abnormalities in Autism Associated With Duplications 15q11.2-q13 and Idiopathic Autism (2012)

The purposes of this study were to identify differences in patterns of developmental abnormalities between the brains of individuals with autism of unknown etiology and those of individuals with duplications of chromosome 15q11.2-q13 (dup[15]) and autism and to identify alterations that may contribute to seizures and sudden death in the latter. Brains of 9 subjects with dup(15), 10 with idiopathic autism, and 7 controls were examined. In the dup(15) cohort, 7 subjects (78%) had autism, 7 (78%) had seizures, and 6 (67%) had experienced sudden unexplained death. Subjects with dup(15) autism were microcephalic, with mean brain weights 300 g less (1,177 g) than those of subjects with idiopathic autism (1,477 g; p<0.001). Heterotopias in the alveus, CA4, and dentate gyrus and dysplasia in the dentate gyrus were detected in 89% of dup(15) autism cases but in only 10% of idiopathic autism cases (p < 0.001). By contrast, cerebral cortex dysplasia was detected in 50% of subjects with idiopathic autism and in no dup(15) autism cases (p<0.04). The different spectrum and higher prevalence of developmental neuropathologic findings in the dup(15) cohort than in cases with idiopathic autism may contribute to the high risk of early onset of seizures and sudden death.