gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide-bandgap semiconductors for high power, high frequency, and high temperature : symposium held April 13-15, 1998, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (1998)

Wide-bandgap semiconductors have a long and illustrious history, starting with the first paper on SiC light-emitting diodes published in 1907. Since then, interest in wide-bandgap semiconductors has skyrocketed. Improved material quality, important breakthroughs both in SiC and GaN technologies, and the emergence of blue GaN-based lasers, have stimulated this progress. To provide a fairly complete picture of this important field, most of the work presented at the conference is included in the volume. In addition, invited papers present an excellent overview of the current state of the art and offer projections for future developments. Topics include: GaN materials and devices; crystal growth; SiC materials and devices; characterization of wide-bandgap semiconductors; and processing characterization and properties of wide-bandgap materials.
Analog-digital hybrid eigenmode transmission for massive short-range MIMO (2014)

This paper proposes an analog-digital hybrid eigenmode transmission technique for massive short-range MIMO, which utilizes both analog and digital beamformings. In this method, first, a channel matrix in a plane-symmetrically configured MIMO array is block-diagonalized by analog beamforming with hybrid couplers. Then, eigenmode transmission is virtually realized by digital beamforming toward each block-diagonalized sub channel matrix. This approach is geometrically realizable and results in a reduction in the required number of calculations.
Low-Complexity Construction of Polar Codes Based on Genetic Algorithm (2021)

How to efficiently rank the reliability order of the channels is critical for polar code construction. A new polar code construction framework tailored to a given decoding algorithm based on the genetic algorithm has been proposed to achieve an error correction performance gain. However, the time complexity of this scheme is extremely high. In this letter, a scheme based on a hash table is proposed to generally reduce the computational complexity of the repeated candidates in the genetic algorithm-based system. A two-step method is proposed to improve the crossover process when the system has prior knowledge. It is shown from the numeric results that the proposed scheme achieves computational complexity reduction of the repeated candidates. An error correction performance gain is achieved over the original scheme under successive cancellation list decoding.
Uracil Incorporation into Nascent DNA of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli (1979)

Studies in this and other laboratories support the idea that one or both strands of DNA are synthesized by a discontinuous mechanism (Okazaki et al. 1969). At replication forks, short DNA chains are synthesized de novo presumably by using RNA primers; after removal of the RNA primer, these short chains are joined into long DNA chains (Okazaki et al., this volume).
Instantaneous Formation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene via Solvent-Free Microwave Heating (2011)

Microwave irradiation was shown to be an effective energy source for the rapid decomposition of organic metal salts (such as silver acetate) in a solid mixture with various carbon and noncarbon substrates under completely solvent-free conditions. The rapid and local Joule heating of microwave absorbing substrates (i.e., carbon-based) resulted in the instantaneous formation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on the substrate surfaces within seconds of microwave exposure. Other less absorbing substrates (such as hexagonal boron nitride) required longer exposure times for the salt decomposition to occur. Details of the effects of microwave reaction time, temperature, power, and other experimental parameters were investigated and discussed. The solvent-free microwave method was shown to be widely applicable to various organic metal salts with different substrates including single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene, expanded graphite, hexagonal boron nitride and silica-alumina particles, forming substrate-supported metal (e.g., Ag, Au, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt) or metal oxide (e.g., Fe₃O₄, MnO, TiO₂) nanoparticles in high yields within short duration of microwave irradiation. The method was also successfully applied to large structural substrates such as nanotube yarns, further suggesting its application potential and versatility. To demonstrate one potential application, we successfully used both carbon nanotube powder and yarn samples decorated with Ag nanoparticles prepared via the above method to improve data acquisition in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Future Research Directions in Pneumonia. NHLBI Working Group Report (2018)

Pneumonia is a complex pulmonary disease in need of new clinical approaches. Although triggered by a pathogen, pneumonia often results from dysregulations of host defense that likely precede infection. The coordinated activities of immune resistance and tissue resilience then dictate whether and how pneumonia progresses or resolves. Inadequate or inappropriate host responses lead to more severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and to organ dysfunction beyond the lungs and over extended time frames after pathogen clearance, some of which increase the risk for subsequent pneumonia. Improved understanding of such host responses will guide the development of novel approaches for preventing and curing pneumonia and for mitigating the subsequent pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of pneumonia. The NHLBI assembled a working group of extramural investigators to prioritize avenues of host-directed pneumonia research that should yield novel approaches for interrupting the cycle of unhealthy decline caused by pneumonia. This report summarizes the working group's specific recommendations in the areas of pneumonia susceptibility, host response, and consequences. Overarching goals include the development of more host-focused clinical approaches for preventing and treating pneumonia, the generation of predictive tools (for pneumonia occurrence, severity, and outcome), and the elucidation of mechanisms mediating immune resistance and tissue resilience in the lung. Specific areas of research are highlighted as especially promising for making advances against pneumonia.
DREAM (2014)

Software-defined networks can enable a variety of concurrent, dynamically instantiated, measurement tasks, that provide fine-grain visibility into network traffic. Recently, there have been many proposals to configure TCAM counters in hardware switches to monitor traffic. However, the TCAM memory at switches is fundamentally limited and the accuracy of the measurement tasks is a function of the resources devoted to them on each switch. This paper describes an adaptive measurement framework, called DREAM, that dynamically adjusts the resources devoted to each measurement task, while ensuring a user-specified level of accuracy. Since the trade-off between resource usage and accuracy can depend upon the type of tasks, their parameters, and traffic characteristics, DREAM does not assume an a priori characterization of this trade-off, but instead dynamically searches for a resource allocation that is sufficient to achieve a desired level of accuracy. A prototype implementation and simulations with three network-wide measurement tasks (heavy hitter, hierarchical heavy hitter and change detection) and diverse traffic show that DREAM can support more concurrent tasks with higher accuracy than several other alternatives.
Powering a CO2 Reduction Catalyst with Visible Light through Multiple Sub-picosecond Electron Transfers from a Quantum Dot (2017)

Photosensitization of molecular catalysts to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> to CO is a sustainable route to storable solar fuels. Crucial to the sensitization process is highly efficient transfer of redox equivalents from sensitizer to catalyst; in systems with molecular sensitizers, this transfer is often slow because it is gated by diffusion-limited collisions between sensitizer and catalyst. This article describes the photosensitization of a meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride (FeTPP) catalyst by colloidal, heavy metal-free CuInS<sub>2</sub>/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> to CO using 450 nm light. The sensitization efficiency (turnover number per absorbed unit of photon energy) of the QD system is a factor of 18 greater than that of an analogous system with a fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium sensitizer. This high efficiency originates in ultrafast electron transfer between the QD and FeTPP, enabled by formation of QD/FeTPP complexes. Optical spectroscopy reveals that the electron-transfer processes primarily responsible for the first two sensitization steps (Fe<sup>III</sup>TPP → Fe<sup>II</sup>TPP, and Fe<sup>II</sup>TPP → Fe<sup>I</sup>TPP) both occur in <200 fs.
Caution: When Combining Topical Wound Treatments, More Is Not Always Better (2011)

Most wound care providers are aware of the principles embodied in the concept of 'wound bed preparation', which is an integrated approach that seeks to enhance healing of acute and chronic wounds by optimising four key aspects of a wound bed: 1) tissue debridement; 2) inflammation/infection; 3) moisture levels; and 4) epithelial edge healing. Ideally, treatment strategies should simultaneously address each of these four aspects. This often leads to combining advanced topical and/or systemic therapies that stimulate healing or remove barriers to endogenous healing. While some laboratory data and clinical trial results suggest specific combinations of treatments may synergistically enhance healing, other combinations may destructively interact and reduce the effectiveness of the treatment components. This brief review presents some examples of constructive, destructive and neutral interactions of combinations of wound treatments and emphasises the need for clinicians to carefully consider how combinations of wound treatments may interact in the wound bed.
Double boron-embedded multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials for organic light-emitting diodes (2022)

Abstract The subclass of multi resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters ( MR-TADF ) containing boron atoms has garnered significant attention in the field of organic light emitting diode (OLED) research. Among boron-based MR-TADF emitters, double boron-embedded MR-TADF ( DB-MR-TADF ) emitters show excellent electroluminescence performances with high photoluminescence quantum yields, narrow band emission, and beneficially small singlet-triplet energy levels in all the full-color gamut regions. This article reviews recent progress in DB-MR-TADF emitters, with particular attention to molecular design concepts, synthetic routes, optoelectronic properties, and OLED performance, giving future prospects for real-world applications.
Data from Devimistat in Combination with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Biliary Tract Cancer: Preclinical Evaluation and Phase Ib Multicenter Clinical Trial (BilT-04) (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Devimistat (CPI-613) is a novel inhibitor of tumoral mitochondrial metabolism. We investigated the effect of devimistat &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and in a phase Ib clinical trial in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC).&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Cell viability assays of devimistat ± gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) were performed and the effect of devimistat on mitochondrial respiration via oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was evaluated. A phase Ib/II trial was initiated in patients with untreated advanced BTC. In phase Ib, devimistat was infused over 2 hours in combination with GC on days 1 and 8 every 21 days with a primary objective to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included safety, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt;, devimistat with GC had a synergistic effect on two cell lines. Devimistat significantly decreased OCR at higher doses and in arms with divided dosing. In the phase Ib trial, 20 patients received a median of nine cycles (range, 3–19). One DLT was observed, and the RP2D of devimistat was determined to be 2,000 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; in combination with GC. Most common grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11, 55%), anemia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4, 20%), and infection (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3, 15%). There were no grade 4 toxicities. After a median follow-up of 15.6 months, ORR was 45% and median PFS was 10 months (95% confidence interval, 7.1–14.9). Median OS is not yet estimable.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Devimistat in combination with GC is well tolerated and has an acceptable safety profile in patients with untreated advanced BTC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photochemical Reactions of Organometallic Complexes Impregnated into Polymers:  Speciation, Isomerization, and Hydrogenation of Residual Alkene Moieties in Polyethylene (2000)

Tungsten hexacarbonyl, W(CO)6, and iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, were impregnated into four different types of polyethylene (PE) using either supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) or conventional solvents (n-heptane and carbon tetrachloride). All of the PE samples were known to have some residual alkene unsaturation in the polymer chain, with different relative amounts of vinyl (terminal), pendant, and trans-internal unsaturation. W(CO)6 was found to react photochemically with residual alkene bonds in the impregnated PE films, and to form polymer-bound species of the type W(CO)5(η2-alkene)PE. Extended photolysis led to isomerization of the alkene moieties which was detected by changes in the FTIR spectra of the polymer-bound organometallic. Speciation of the alkene groups both before and after photoisomerization was achieved by use of a probe molecule, (η5-C5H5)Mn(CO)3 (see: Clarke, M. J.; Howdle, S. M.; Jobling, M.; Poliakoff, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8621−28). In each case, the isomerization reaction resulted in depletion of vinyl unsaturation and a concomitant increase in trans-internal unsaturation. This process was scaled-up to allow the photoisomerization and subsequent purification of gram quantities of low-density PE powder. Fe(CO)5 was shown to act both as a photoisomerization catalyst and as an efficient hydrogenation catalyst leading to significant reduction of unsaturation in the polymers. The degree of hydrogenation was determined by the nature of unsaturation in the PE sample, the reaction conditions, and solvent swelling effects.
Electric field control of interaction between magnons and quantum spin defects (2020)

Hybrid systems coupling quantum spin defects (QSD) and magnons can enable unique spintronic device functionalities and probes for magnetism. Here, we add electric field control of magnon-QSD coupling to such systems by integrating ferromagnet-ferroelectric multiferroic with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spins. Combining quantum relaxometry with ferromagnetic resonance measurements and analytical modeling, we reveal that the observed electric-field tuning results from ferroelectric polarization control of the magnon-generated fields at the NV. Exploiting the demonstrated control, we also propose magnon-enhanced hybrid electric field sensors with improved sensitivity.
Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Suppression Among Patients Receiving Tuberculosis Treatment Containing Daily High-Dose Rifapentine (2021)

NCT02410772.
Measurement of lung perfusion using optimized pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling of pulmonary arteries and fast True-FISP imaging at 3 Tesla (2017)

Pseudo-continuous-arterial-spin-labeling (pCASL) has been successfully applied in the brain and kidney providing high signal-to-noise-ratio. The aim of this study was to optimize pCASL for measurement of lung perfusion by optimized labeling of pulmonary arteries and fast signal acquisition. Effective labeling of pulmonary arteries was possible by ECG triggering and an appropriate orientation of the labeling plane. Sufficient signal from lung parenchyma was acquired by True-FISP imaging with TE=1ms. The presented method provides high quality perfusion images of the lung without applying intravenous contrast agents and offers diagnostic imaging of lung diseases such as pulmonary embolism and bronchial carcinoma.
General Forward Kinematics for Tendon-Driven Continuum Robots (2022)

Unlike the inverse kinematics problem of n-tendon continuum robots, the forward kinematics problem lacks a closed-form analytical solution. In this paper, a novel forward kinematics algorithm for n-tendon single-segment flexible continuum robots is developed that can determine the resulting beam configuration for any given set of actuator displacements. The algorithm determines key parameters of all possible n- to 1-tendon combinations and examines them against evaluation criteria to find the final beam configuration as well as the active/slack status of the tendons at this configuration. The algorithm employs a previously developed analytical loading model for n-tendon continuum robots with general tendon positioning to evaluate the tension loads in tendons for each combination. Potential energy of the beam is also calculated for all combinations and utilized to choose among multiple potential solutions. The model is derived to account for the bending and axial compliance of the manipulator as well as tendon compliance. A multi-tendon continuum robot system is employed to experimentally evaluate the proposed forward kinematics solution. Multiple experiments are carried out for the exhaustive list of all possible combinations of different sets of tendon displacements and the results are reported. The proposed forward kinematics algorithm may be used to understand the implication of control errors and their nonlinear effects for optimal selection of hardware and control algorithm for safety and reliability purposes.
Joint Scheduling and Network Coding for Multicast in Delay-Constrained Wireless Networks (2011)

This paper deals with network-coded multicast for real-time and streaming-media applications where packets have explicit expiration deadlines. Most of the popular network coding approaches require asymptotically large block-lengths, thereby incurring long decoding delays. The present paper introduces a joint scheduling and network coding design that aims to maximize the average throughput while respecting the packet deadlines. The novel approach relies on a time-unwrapped graph expansion in order to construct the network codes. The resultant algorithm draws from the well-known augmenting-path algorithm, and is both distributed as well as scalable. For networks with primary interference, a lower-bound on the worst-case performance of the algorithm is provided. The associated optimization problem is also analyzed from an integer programming perspective, and a set of valid inequalities is derived to obtain an upper bound.
Engineering Metal Complexes of Chiral Pentaazacrowns as Privileged Reverse‐turn Scaffolds (2007)

Reverse turns are common structural motifs and recognition sites in protein/protein interactions. The design of peptidomimetics is often based on replacing the amide backbone of peptides by a non-peptidic scaffold while retaining the biologic mode of action. This study evaluates the potential of metal complexes of chiral pentaazacrowns conceptually derived by reduction of cyclic pentapeptides as reverse-turn mimetics. The possible conformations of metal complexes of chiral pentaazacrown scaffolds have been probed by analysis of 28 crystal structures complexed with six different metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). The solvated structures as well as the impact of complexation with different metals/oxidation states have been examined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation as explicitly represented by interactions with a single water molecule. The results suggest that most reverse-turn motifs seen in proteins could be mimicked effectively with a subset of metal complexes of chiral pentaazacrown scaffolds with an RMSD of approximately 0.3 A. Due to the relatively fixed orientation of the pendant chiral side groups in these metal complexes, one can potentially elicit information about the receptor-bound conformation of the parent peptide from their binding affinities. The presence of 20 H-atoms on the pentaazacrown ring that could be functionalized as well as the conformational perturbations available from complexation with different metals offer a desirable diversity to probe receptors for reverse-turn recognition.
Transition from perovskite to misfit-layered structure materials: a highly oxygen deficient and stable oxygen electrode catalyst (2021)

Despite the recent substantial progress in reversible protonic ceramic cells (RPCCs) it remains essential to further develop oxygen electrode materials that show superior activity and stability for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions due to the intrinsically sluggish kinetics of oxygen electrode reactions at lower temperature (&lt;700 °C).
How Bronchoscopic Dye Marking Can Help Minimally Invasive Lung Surgery (2022)

In the era of increasing availability of high-resolution chest computed tomography, the diagnosis and management of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) has become a common challenging clinical problem. Meanwhile, surgical techniques have improved, and minimally invasive approaches such as robot- and video-assisted surgery are becoming standard, rendering the palpation of such lesions more difficult, not to mention pure ground-glass opacities, which cannot be felt even in open surgery. In this article, we explore the role of bronchoscopy in helping surgeons achieve successful minimally invasive resections in such cases.
RANK- and c-Met-mediated signal network promotes prostate cancer metastatic colonization (2014)

Prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis to bone is lethal and there is no adequate animal model for studying the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process. Here, we report that receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expressed by PCa cells consistently induced colonization or metastasis to bone in animal models. RANK-mediated signaling established a premetastatic niche through a feed-forward loop, involving the induction of RANKL and c-Met, but repression of androgen receptor (AR) expression and AR signaling pathways. Site-directed mutagenesis and transcription factor (TF) deletion/interference assays identified common TF complexes, c-Myc/Max, and AP4 as critical regulatory nodes. RANKL-RANK signaling activated a number of master regulator TFs that control the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Twist1, Slug, Zeb1, and Zeb2), stem cell properties (Sox2, Myc, Oct3/4, and Nanog), neuroendocrine differentiation (Sox9, HIF1α, and FoxA2), and osteomimicry (c-Myc/Max, Sox2, Sox9, HIF1α, and Runx2). Abrogating RANK or its downstream c-Myc/Max or c-Met signaling network minimized or abolished skeletal metastasis in mice. RANKL-expressing LNCaP cells recruited and induced neighboring non metastatic LNCaP cells to express RANKL, c-Met/activated c-Met, while downregulating AR expression. These initially non-metastatic cells, once retrieved from the tumors, acquired the potential to colonize and grow in bone. These findings identify a novel mechanism of tumor growth in bone that involves tumor cell reprogramming via RANK-RANKL signaling, as well as a form of signal amplification that mediates recruitment and stable transformation of non-metastatic bystander dormant cells.