gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Transition from Quantum to Classical in weak measurements and reconstruction of Quantum Correlation (2021)

The ability to follow the dynamics of a quantum system in a quantitative manner is of key importance for quantum technology. Despite its central role, justifiable deduction of the quantum dynamics of a single quantum system in terms of a macroscopical observable remains a challenge. Here we show that the relation between the readout signal of a single electron spin and the quantum dynamics of the single nuclear spin is given by a parameter related to the measurement strength. We determine this measurement strength in independent experiments and use this value to compare our analysis of the quantum dynamics with experimental results. We prove the validity of our approach by measuring violations of the Leggett-Garg inequality.
Suppression of ghost artifacts arising from long T1 species in segmented inversion‐recovery imaging (2016)

We developed and validated a new robust method, SPPRESS, for reducing artifacts due to long T<sub>1</sub> species across a wide range of imaging and physiologic conditions. Magn Reson Med 78:1442-1451, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Accounting for Floorplan Irregularity and Configuration Dependence in FPGA Routing Delay Models (2023)

Accurate delay estimates for a user application implemented in a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) are essential for a quality FPGA timing flow and to avoid leaving performance on the table. FPGA inter-cluster routing consists of wire segments of a limited number of types which repeat in a somewhat regular pattern, interconnected by configurable muxes. The delay at any fanout of a segment can be significantly impacted by configuration-dependent capacitive loading related to other fanouts. Also, the insertion of RAM and math blocks into the FPGA floorplan introduces irregular stretching of the wire segments, altering their delays. We explain why and how commercial FPGA software typically employs a parameterized model for the delay at each fanout of a segment, based on the configuration and the irregularities present, with the parameters determined by fitting SPICE simulation data for a representative sample of cases. We propose incorporating readily-computed common path resistance values into the model. This enables high accuracy with fewer parameters and without the large amounts of SPICE data that would otherwise be required to explore interactions between floorplan irregularities and the set of active fanouts. In combination with other features of our models, errors in segment delay are reduced by almost half.
Enhanced Adaptive Beamforming Using LMMN Algorithm with 8MI Initialization (2009)

Adaptive beamforming is achieved using adaptive antenna array for which the weights of the array element currents are adjusted in order to filter out the interfering signals from undesired sources, while enhancing the signal of interest from the desired source. Adaptive beamforming algorithms are typically characterized in terms of their convergence properties and computational complexity. One practical adaptive algorithm is the Least Mean Squares (LMS) which is simple to implement. It does not require measurements of the pertinent correlation functions, nor does it require matrix inversion. However, the LMS algorithm converges slowly when compared with other complicated algorithms such as the Recursive Least Square (RLS). On the other hand, Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) algorithm has a fast convergence behavior However, because its speedy convergence is achieved through the use of matrix inversion, the SMI algorithm is computationally intensive. Moreover, the SMI algorithm has a block adaptive approach for which it is required that the signal environment does not undergo significant change during the course of block acquisition. The purpose of this paper is to develop an enhanced adaptive beamforming algorithm based on LMMN but with SMI initialization to ensure faster convergence. It is shown that judicious choice of the LMMN algorithm mixing parameter provides an algorithm with intermediate performance between the two special cases of least mean squares (LMS) and least mean fourth (LMF) algorithms. It is shown that the developed LMMN algorithm along with SMI initialization provides better steady state performance than the LMS algorithm and better stability properties than the LMF algorithm. II. ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMING ALGORITHM An adaptive beamformer, which is shown in Fig. 1, consists of multiple antennas; complex weights, the function of which is to amplify (or attenuate) and delay the signals from each antenna element; and a summer to add all of the processed signals, in order to tune out the signals not of interest, while enhancing the signal of interest. Hence, beamforming is sometimes referred to as spatial filtering, since some incoming signals from certain spatial directions are filtered out, while others are amplified. The output response of the uniform linear array is given by y( k) = w H x(k), where w is the complex weights vector and x is the received signal vector. If d( k) denotes the sequence of reference or training symbols known a priori at the receiver at time n, an error, e(k) is formed as e(k) = d(k) - w(k)Hx(k)T. This error signal e is used by the beamformer to adaptively adjust the complex weights vector w so that the mean-squared error (MSE) is minimized. It is intuitively reasonable that successive corrections to the weights vector in the direction of the negative of the gradient of the MSE function should eventually lead to minimum mean square error, at which point the weights vector assumes its optimum value. Recursive estimates for the unknown weight vector can be obtained adaptively via [5] w(k + 1) = w(k) + j1x*(k)fe(k)
Anterior chamber flare and ciliochoroidal detachment using flare photometry and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in acute lupus choroidopathy: A case report (2022)

Lupus choroidopathy, which is less common than retinopathy, might be under-diagnosed because of its difficult evaluation. Although ICGA is the gold standard for diagnosing lupus choroidopathy, a high flare of the anterior chamber and ciliochoroidal detachment might be different from lupus retinopathy. Laser flare photometry and AS-OCT can be non-invasive, helpful tools for the longitudinal evaluation of the patient's response to therapy.
Assessment of the SYNTAX score in the Syntax study (2009)

The SYNTAX score is a visual coronary score with an acceptable corelab reproducibility that has an impact on the one-year outcome of those having PCI, whereas it has no effect on the one-year outcome following surgical revascularisation. The SYNTAX score tool is likely to be useful in a wide range of patients with complex coronary disease.
Electro-optic modulation using hybrid silicon-ferroelectric oxide slot waveguide (2014)

8-9 décembre 2014
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model-Guided Identification of Hypoxia-Selective 1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-Dioxides with Antitumor Activity: The Role of Extravascular Transport (2007)

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling has shown the antitumor activity of tirapazamine (TPZ), a bioreductive hypoxia-selective cytotoxin, to be limited by poor penetration through hypoxic tumor tissue. We have prepared a series of 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide (BTO) analogues of TPZ to improve activity against hypoxic cells by increasing extravascular transport. The 6 substituents modified lipophilicity and rates of hypoxic metabolism. 3-Alkylamino substituents increased aqueous solubility and also influenced lipophilicity and hypoxic metabolism. PK/PD model-guided screening was used to select six BTOs for evaluation against hypoxic cells in HT29 human tumor xenografts. All six BTOs were active in vivo, and two provided greater hypoxic cell killing than TPZ because of improved transport and/or plasma PK. This PK/PD model considers two causes of therapeutic failure (limited tumor penetration and poor plasma pharmacokinetics) often not addressed early in drug development and provides a general strategy for selecting candidates for in vivo evaluation during lead optimization.
Wind turbine high-speed shaft bearing degradation analysis for run-to-failure testing using spectral kurtosis (2015)

Premature failures of wind turbine gearboxes increase the price of energy and affect their reliability. Most gearbox failures initiate in bearings. High-speed bearings and planetary bearings exhibit a high rate of premature failure. A critical work of bearing fault diagnosis is finding the optimum frequency band that covers faulty bearing signal, which is a challenging task in practice. The kurtogram is a high technic used to characterize non-stationarities hidden in a signal. Thus, allows responding to the given problem. It consists to determine the central frequency (resonance) and the appropriate bandwidth witch maximizes the kurtosis. This paper addresses a squared envelope based spectral kurtosis method diagnosis for skidding in high-speed shaft bearings. We have verified the potential of the spectral kurtosis diagnostic strategy in performance improvements for single-defect diagnosis using real measured data from a drive train wind turbine.
Toward green solvent processable photovoltaic materials for polymer solar cells: the role of highly polar pendant groups in charge carrier transport and photovoltaic behavior (2013)

To develop environmentally friendly solvent processed high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs), an alcohol soluble narrow-band-gap conjugated polymer PCDTBT-N and an alcohol soluble C70 fullerene derivative PC71BM-N, which were functionalized with pendant tertiary amino groups, were developed and used as active layers in PSCs and as buffer layers in metal–semiconductor interfaces. Though solar cells with active layers containing amino groups showed no photovoltaic properties regardless of the processing conditions, both PCDTBT-N and PC71BM-N performed well as buffer layers to improve electron collection in PSCs. Space charge limited current (SCLC), field effect transistor (FET) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies revealed that the amino groups act as hole traps and disable hole transport in active layers. Moreover, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) indicates electronic structure changes and Fermi level shifts upon complexation of amino groups and the fullerene core, which may diminish the electron-accepting capacity of fullerenes, and may potentially provide a different kind of hole trap in the devices. The underlying mechanisms of the puzzling behavior of PCDTBT-N and PC71BM-N in different layers of PSCs were studied by numerical simulation, which indicates that hole traps distributed in the BHJ layer reduce device performance, conversely hole traps concentrated near the metal electrode can improve device performance. Besides, the formation of an amino group:C70 complex is another important cause of the performance improvements of the resulting solar cells using PCDTBT-N and PC71BM-N as buffer layers, due to the reduced transport loss for efficient electron collection through the n-doping of PC71BM at the interface of the buffer layer and the active layer.
Effect of Internal Lubricating Agents of Disposable Soft Contact Lenses on Higher-Order Aberrations After Blinking (2008)

Sequential measurement of HOAs may be a useful objective method to evaluate the effect of internal lubricating agents of disposable soft contact lenses on optical quality.
Color-Theoretic Experiments to Understand Unequal Gender Classification Accuracy From Face Images (2019)

Recent work shows unequal performance of commercial face classification services in the gender classification task across intersectional groups defined by skin type and gender. Accuracy on dark-skinned females is significantly worse than on any other group. We provide initial evidence that skin type alone is not the driver for this disparity by conducting novel stability experiments that vary an image's skin type via color-theoretic methods, namely luminance mode-shift and optimal transport. We evaluate the effect of skin type change on the gender classification decision of a pair of state-of-the-art commercial and open-source gender classifiers. The results raise the possibility that broader differences in ethnicity, as opposed to the skin type alone, are what contribute to unequal gender classification accuracy in face images.
Secure Anti-Counterfeiting Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain System Using Composable Non-Fungible Tokens (2020)

Pharmaceutical companies and other parties involved in drug supply chain face difficulties in meeting the traceability requirements from the regulatory bodies in different jurisdictions and in their capability to authenticate goods and drugs, which result in failure to combat major issues such as drugs counterfeiting. Counterfeit drugs are estimated for up to $200 billion per year in market value. This issue is contributing to the deaths of thousands of people due to use of ineffective drugs for serious illnesses. The drug supply chain is fragmented, and that prohibits establishing a global view on handling drugs from manufacturing until reaching the customer, with many loopholes that permit the introduction of counterfeit products that patients cannot authenticate. The recently introduced regulations in the US and the EU demand building interoperable electronic systems to enable tracing of drugs. Those regulations rely mainly on attaching a two-dimensional barcode for identification. However, applying these regulations and ensuring to have global view and perseverance of records and actions are not yet addressed. Blockchain’s immutability, provenance, and tokenization features provide a solution to address this and meet the requirements of authenticating drugs source and secure the supply chain. This chapter presents the use of non-fungible tokens to build a drug supply chain tool that enables identifiers creation, authentication of origin, transfer of ownership, and accessibility to drugs information by different stakeholders, including end customers.
Polygenic transmission disequilibrium confirms that common and rare variation act additively to create risk for autism spectrum disorders (2020)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk is influenced by common polygenic and de novo variation. We aimed to clarify the influence of polygenic risk for ASDs and to identify subgroups of ASD cases, including those with strong acting de novo variants, in which polygenic risk is relevant. Using a novel approach called the polygenic transmission disequilibrium test, and data from 6,454 families with a child with ASD, we show that polygenic risk for ASDs, schizophrenia, and greater educational attainment is over transmitted to children with ASDs. These findings hold independent of proband IQ. We find that polygenic variation contributes additively to risk in ASD cases who carry a strong acting de novo variant. Lastly, we show that elements of polygenic risk are independent and differ in their relationship with phenotype. These results confirm that ASDs’ genetic influences are additive and suggest they create risk through at least partially distinct etiologic pathways.
Time Lattice: A Data Structure for the Interactive Visual Analysis of Large Time Series (2018)

Abstract Advances in technology coupled with the availability of low‐cost sensors have resulted in the continuous generation of large time series from several sources. In order to visually explore and compare these time series at different scales, analysts need to execute online analytical processing (OLAP) queries that include constraints and group‐by's at multiple temporal hierarchies. Effective visual analysis requires these queries to be interactive. However, while existing OLAP cube‐based structures can support interactive query rates, the exponential memory requirement to materialize the data cube is often unsuitable for large data sets. Moreover, none of the recent space‐efficient cube data structures allow for updates. Thus, the cube must be re‐computed whenever there is new data, making them impractical in a streaming scenario. We propose Time Lattice, a memory‐efficient data structure that makes use of the implicit temporal hierarchy to enable interactive OLAP queries over large time series. Time Lattice is a subset of a fully materialized cube and is designed to handle fast updates and streaming data. We perform an experimental evaluation which shows that the space efficiency of the data structure does not hamper its performance when compared to the state of the art. In collaboration with signal processing and acoustics research scientists, we use the Time Lattice data structure to design the Noise Profiler, a web‐based visualization framework that supports the analysis of noise from cities. We demonstrate the utility of Noise Profiler through a set of case studies.
Potential Hemodynamic Mechanisms for Gender Differences in AAA Formation (2012)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. It is classically thought of as a disease of older men with the incidence approaching 30%. The most common place of AAA is infrarenal abdominal aorta where oscillatory shear stress (OSS) is present. OSS is known to initiate an inflammatory response in the endothelium. It is also known that females are at lower risk for developing AAA. The explanation for this difference is lacking. We recruited 8 healthy volunteers, 4 males and 4 females who underwent infrarenal abdominal aortic Magnetic Resonance angiography and phase contrast imaging. The collected data was used to calculate systolic forward and diastolic retrograde blood flow. Our results suggest that female infrarenal aortas are exposed to a 3-fold lower degree of OSS. It appears that the low resistance internal iliac arterial system may be in part responsible for such flow patterns. We conclude that female aortas are subjected to lower OSS and that low resistance internal iliac arterial system appears to play a protective role.
Thermal and thermoelectric properties of III-nitride and III-oxynitride films (2004)

With the aim of fabricating a thermoelectric power device using III-nitrides (Al/sub 1-x/In/sub x/N, InN and AlN) and III-oxynitrides (Al/sub 1-x/In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ and InO/sub y/N/sub z/), we studied their thermal and thermoelectric properties and, in particular, we have focused on their thermal conductivity. Al/sub 1-x/In/sub x/N and Al/sub 1-x/In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ were prepared by reactive radiofrequency sputtering method. We measured the thermal diffusivity and specific heat using the ac calorimetric method, and we estimated values of the thermal conductivity to be 1.5 W/mK (at 673 K) for Al/sub 1-x/In/sub x/N and 0.8 W/mK (at 673 K) for Al/sub 1-x/In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/. These values are much smaller than expected considering the large thermal conductivity of nitrides.
The Structure and Electrical Properties of Surfaces of Semiconductors. - Part I. Silicon Carbide (1949)

Electrical contacts with faces of silicon carbide and of many other semiconductors do not obey Ohm's law. This property of silicon carbide has been attributed to an amorphous film known to occur on faces of the crystal. Theoretical work relating to such contacts is hampered by lack of knowledge of the essential physical features of the model. In this paper a study is made of the manner in which the surface texture of the crystal affects the electrical properties of the contact. The electrical characteristics of a contact between a rounded metal point and the demonstrably smooth face of a crystal were shown to vary only slowly across the surface. A series of observations was made of the electrical properties and of the electron diffraction patterns of a basal plane of a crystal as the overlying film of amorphous material was removed.
Dynamic Hydrostatic Pressurization Differentially Regulates Extracellular Matrix Elaboration by Bovine Inner and Outer Annulus Fibrosus Cells Seeded on 3-D Polymer Scaffolds (2007)

Current surgical treatments for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration result in decreased mobility of the spine [1]. A tissue engineering approach may provide an alternative that restores both IVD structure and function. The IVD is comprised of three distinct regions: the outer annulus fibrosus (OA), inner annulus fibrosus (IA), and the nucleus pulposus (NP). Each of the cell populations within these regions possess unique phenotypic properties that are greatly influenced by environmental factors, such as the surrounding 3-D extracellular matrix (ECM) and mechanical loading (i.e., hydrostatic pressurization) [2]. As such, both the 3-D scaffold and in vitro culture conditions may have marked effects on the development of tissue-engineered IVD constructs. Although the influence of mechanical loading on IVD cells and explants has been investigated, no prior studies have examined the impact of hydrostatic pressurization on OA and IA cells in 3-D culture. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dynamic hydrostatic pressurization on OA and IA cells seeded on 3-D fibrous poly(glycolic acid)-poly(L-lactic acid) (PGA-PLLA) scaffolds. We hypothesized that the application of hydrostatic pressure would promote increased production of type II collagen and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in both OA- and IA-seeded constructs.
An empirical study of confusion modeling in keyword search for low resource languages (2013)

Keyword search, in the context of low resource languages, has emerged as a key area of research. The dominant approach in keyword search is to use Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) as a front end to produce a representation of audio that can be indexed. The biggest drawback of this approach lies in its the inability to deal with out-of-vocabulary words and query terms that are not in the ASR system output. In this paper we present an empirical study evaluating various approaches based on using confusion models as query expansion techniques to address this problem. We present results across four languages using a range of confusion models which lead to significant improvements in keyword search performance as measured by the Maximum Term Weighted Value (MTWV) metric.
Frequency Offset Estimation Scheme in the presence of Time-varying DC offset for OFDM Direct Conversion Receivers (2006)

This paper presents a frequency offset estimation scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) direct conversion receivers. The key idea is to use a differential filter for reduction of DC offset. Frequency offset is estimated in the presence of time-varying DC offset. In order to overcome the varying DC levels under automatic gain control (AGC) circuits, a threshold level is set for the output of the differential filter. The proposed compensation scheme offers superior frequency offset estimation when compared with a conventional scheme with a high pass filter.
Controlled Data Sharing for Collaborative Predictive Blacklisting (2015)

Although sharing data across organizations is often advocated as a promising way to enhance cybersecurity, collaborative initiatives are rarely put into practice owing to confidentiality, trust, and liability challenges. In this paper, we investigate whether collaborative threat mitigation can be realized via a controlled data sharing approach, whereby organizations make informed decisions as to whether or not, and how much, to share. Using appropriate cryptographic tools, entities can estimate the benefits of collaboration and agree on what to share in a privacy-preserving way, without having to disclose their datasets. We focus on collaborative predictive blacklisting, i.e., forecasting attack sources based on one's logs and those contributed by other organizations. We study the impact of different sharing strategies by experimenting on a real-world dataset of two billion suspicious IP addresses collected from Dshield over two months. We find that controlled data sharing yields up to 105% accuracy improvement on average, while also reducing the false positive rate.