gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La biologie du follicule pileux (2005)

The human hair follicle is a unique appendage which results from epithelio-mesenchymal interactions initiated around the 3rd month of development. This appendage has a very complex structure, with more than 20 different cell types distributed into 6 main compartments, namely the connective tissue sheath, the dermal papilla, the outer root sheath, the inner root sheath, the shaft and the sebaceous gland. The pigmentation unit, responsible for hair color, is made of fully active melanocytes located on top of the dermal papilla. This complex appendage has a unique behavior in mammals since, after a hair production phase, it involutes in situ before entering a resting phase after which it renews in a cyclical but stochastic fashion, out of a double reservoir of pluripotent stem cells also to able regenerate epidermis. The pigmentation unit also renews in a cyclical fashion, out of a melanocyte progenitor reservoir which progressively declines with time, provoking the hair whitening process. Finally, the shape of the hair shaft is programmed from the bulb. The hair follicle thus behaves as a fully autonomous skin appendage with its own hormonal control, its own autocrine and paracrine network, its own cycle, appearing as an incredibly complex and stable structure which summarizes the main rules of tissue homeostasis.
A review of non-cognitive applications for neuromorphic computing (2022)

Abstract Though neuromorphic computers have typically targeted applications in machine learning and neuroscience (‘cognitive’ applications), they have many computational characteristics that are attractive for a wide variety of computational problems. In this work, we review the current state-of-the-art for non-cognitive applications on neuromorphic computers, including simple computational kernels for composition, graph algorithms, constrained optimization, and signal processing. We discuss the advantages of using neuromorphic computers for these different applications, as well as the challenges that still remain. The ultimate goal of this work is to bring awareness to this class of problems for neuromorphic systems to the broader community, particularly to encourage further work in this area and to make sure that these applications are considered in the design of future neuromorphic systems.
Otitis Media Middle Ear Effusion Identification and Characterization Using an Optical Coherence Tomography Otoscope (2020)

OCT otoscopy shows promise for facilitating accurate MEE detection. The imageability with the prototype device was affected by age, with older children being easier to image, similar to current ear diagnostic technologies.
User Participatory Approach to Question Answering Service for LOD (2014)

Open data is drawing attention for the creation of innovative services in recent years. For promoting a greater number of consumer services on the web, a search function that can reveal what kinds of data are available would be helpful. However, if we assume that the open data is described in a triple language like Resource Description Framework (RDF) in future, full-text search is not suitable for data fragments, and a formal query language is difficult for ordinary users. Therefore, we propose a question answering service based on Linked Open Data. As the problems of using the open data as a knowledge source, we then focus on mapping of question sentence to data schema, and data acquisition. And we propose improvement of accuracy based on user feedback and acquisition of new data by user context information. We also present `Flower Voice' which is an application of the service for assisting with fieldwork and confirm the effectiveness.
Antibody-mediated protection in mice with lethal intracerebral Cryptococcus neoformans infection. (1993)

The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is an important opportunistic pathogen for patients with AIDS. C. neoformans infections frequently involve the brain and are often fatal. In the setting of AIDS C. neoformans infections are incurable and new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Passive administration of antibody is a potential therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of C. neoformans. The IgG1 murine monoclonal antibody 2H1 to the capsular polysaccharide of C. neoformans was studied for its ability to modify the course of lethal intracerebral cryptococcal infection in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of antibody 2H1 resulted in small, yet significant, prolongations in the average survival of mice given intracerebral infection and reduced the number of C. neoformans colonies in brain tissue. Histopathological examination of brain tissues revealed a diffuse cryptococcal meningitis with fewer organisms in the brains of mice that received antibody 2H1 than in the control group. Thus, systemic administration of a monoclonal antibody can modify the course of lethal intracerebral C. neoformans infection in mice by prolonging survival and decreasing fungal burden in brain tissues.
Comparison of ocular higher-order aberrations and visual performance between photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia (2003)

The purpose was to compare the ocular higher-order aberrations and the visual performance between photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Ocular aberrations and visual performance were measured after PRK in 26 eyes, after LASIK in 39 eyes, and in 29 normal myopic control eyes. Ocular aberrations were measured with a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. Visual performance was evaluated with grating contrast sensitivity, high and low contrast visual acuity, and letter contrast sensitivity under full correction with spectacles. The results were that the root mean square (RMS) values of ocular higher-order aberrations after PRK or LASIK were significantly greater than that of normal controls for both 4-mm and 6-mm zones (PRK; 0.22 +/- 0.09 and 0.85 +/- 0.24 microm, LASIK; 0.20 +/- 0.06 and 0.82 +/- 0.24 microm, normal; 0.10 +/- 0.03 and 0.33 +/- 0.11 microm. P < 0.05 between PRK and normal, LASIK and normal, One Way ANOVA on Ranks). There were no significant differences between PRK and LASIK. The ocular higher-order aberrations increased in proportion with the attempted refractive correction by PRK and LASIK. The ocular higher-order aberrations correlated better with grating contrast sensitivity, low contrast visual acuity, and letter contrast sensitivity than with high contrast visual acuity. There was no difference among normal, PRK and LASIK in all the visual function tests, except between normal and PRK, or between normal and LASIK with letter contrast sensitivity. In conclusion, there was no difference in both ocular higher-order aberrations and visual performance between PRK and LASIK. The result suggests that surgeons can choose refractive procedures according to the corneal conditions or daily activities of patients.
Promoting Electrolysis of Carbon Monoxide toward Acetate and 1-Propanol in Flow Electrolyzer (2023)

Acetic acid/acetate is an important precursor for many chemical manufacturing sectors, as well as a feedstock for the microbial synthesis of value-added biofuel and biomass products. As the downstream reaction in tandem with the carbon dioxide reduction reaction, carbon monoxide electrolysis has a unique advantage over direct carbon dioxide reduction, boosting the selectivity for multicarbon products. However, highly selective and high-current-throughput acetate and 1-propanol production from CO electrolysis is yet to be explored. Herein, we present practical approaches for improving acetate and 1-propanol selectivity and yield from CO electrolysis using a commercial copper catalyst. Acetate showed a strong pH dependence with an optimum performance at 90% Faradaic efficiency and 128 mA cm–2 current density. In addition, 1-propanol showed a strong catalyst loading dependence, achieving 20% Faradaic efficiency under high-catalyst-loading conditions. In situ Raman and Multiphysics modeling further demonstrated the mechanism of the improvements.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for visualization of targeted drug delivery and local distribution in skin of a single daily dose of topical minocycline gel: an update on translational research from preclinical to clinical (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Oral minocycline has been the standard of care for the treatment of non-nodular moderate to severe inflammatory acne vulgaris due to its inhibitory effects on the acne-causing Propionibacterium acnes bacterium and its anti-inflammatory properties, Despite the availability of an oral dosage form since 1966, a commercial topical minocycline remains elusive because of the challenges in stabilizing the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a liquid/semisolid while ensuring sufficient uptake into targeted lesions. Recently, an investigative topical minocycline gel (BPX-01) has been developed to address the unmet needs for localized and targeted delivery while minimizing the risks of systemic side effects. Earlier preclinical studies pertaining to transepidermal delivery of the API had depended on semi-infinite doses of the 1%, 2% and 4% formulations to elicit enough fluorescence yield. We have subsequently shown evidence of minocycline delivery of 1% and 4% BPX-01 into the pilosebaceous unit of ex vivo human facial skin specimens dosed with about 2.5× daily dose using two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. In this study, we demonstrated another novel approach to identifying minocycline fluorescence signature using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with phasor analysis. It was found that for a single daily dose and with FLIM, minocycline was consistently noted in the epidermis and hair follicle, with some incidence in the sebaceous gland for both 1% and 2% BPX-01. These observations corroborated with the recent success of a Phase 2b dose-finding study, with 2% BPX-01 meeting the primary endpoint of lesion reduction at week 12 with statistical significance over the vehicle.
Susceptibility of planar and 3D tri-gate technologies to muon-induced single event upsets (2015)

We report on muon-induced single event upsets (SEU) in SRAMs built on 32nm planar and 22nm and 14nm 3D Tri-Gate technologies. Experimental cross sections were measured using the M20C positive muon beamline at TRIUMF. Physics-based simulations were conducted to estimate sea-level SEU rates for both, positive and negative muons. Our results indicate that the muon induced upset rate is negligible compared to neutron induced upset rate, and the introduction of 3D Tri-Gate transistors reduced the susceptibility to muons by approximately two orders of magnitude relative to 32nm planar cross sections.
High-Dimensional Sparse Structured Input-Output Models, with Applications to GWAS (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: 1 Problem Setup and Notations, 2 Structured Penalty on the Inputs, 3 Optimization Algorithms, 4 Comparison of Optimization Procedures, 5 Structured Output Regression for Correlated Phenome Association, 6 Structured Input Regression for Correlated Genome Association, 7 Structured Input-Output Regression for Genome-Phenome Association, 8 Summary, Note, References
Tyrosol Derived Poly(ester-arylate)s for Sustained Drug Delivery from Microparticles (2021)

New biodegradable polymers are needed for use in drug delivery systems to overcome the high burst release, lack of sustained drug release, and acidic degradation products frequently observed in current formulations. Commercially available poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PLGA) is often used for particle drug release formulations; however, it is often limited by its large burst release and acidic degradation products. Therefore, a biocompatible and biodegradable tyrosol-derived poly(ester-arylate) library has been used to prepare a microparticle drug delivery system which shows sustained delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Studies were performed using polymers with varying hydrophilicity and thermal properties and compared to PLGA. Various drug solubilizing cosolvents were used to load model drugs curcumin, dexamethasone, nicotinamide, and acyclovir. Hydrophobic drugs curcumin and dexamethasone were successfully loaded up to 50 weight percent (wt %), and a linear correlation between drug wt % loaded and the particle glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>) was observed. Both curcumin and dexamethasone were visible on the particle surface at 20 wt % loading and higher. By adjusting the polymer concentration during particle formation, release rates were able to be controlled. Release studies of dexamethasone loaded particles with a lower polymer concentration showed a biphasic release profile and complete release after 47 days. Particles prepared using a higher polymer concentration showed sustained release for up to 77 days. Comparably, PLGA showed a traditional triphasic release profile and complete release after 63 days. This novel tyrosol-derived poly(ester-arylate) library can be used to develop injectable, long-term release formulations capable of providing sustained drug delivery.
Spectral Measurement of Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction Using a White-Light Continuum Z-scan (2005)

We use a white-light continuum (WLC) as the source in a standard Z-scan technique to measure the degenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) spectrum and the nonlinear refraction dispersion in optical materials. © 2005 Optical Society of America.
Prolonged Effect of Intensive Therapy on the Risk of Retinopathy Complications in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

(clinicaltrials.gov) Identifiers: NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.
Preface (2014)

Stream processing is a paradigm built to support natural and intuitive ways of designing, expressing, and implementing continuous online high-speed data processing. If we look at systems that manage the critical infrastructure that makes modern life possible, each of their components must be able to sense what is happening externally, by processing continuous inputs, and to respond by continuously producing results and actions. This pattern is very intuitive and is not very dissimilar from how the human body works, constantly sensing and responding to external stimuli. For this reason, stream processing is a natural way to analyze information as well as to interconnect the different components that make such processing fast and scalable.
Redox-mediated regulation of an evolutionarily conserved cross-β structure formed by the TDP43 low complexity domain (2020)

A methionine-rich low complexity (LC) domain is found within a C-terminal region of the TDP43 RNA-binding protein. Self-association of this domain leads to the formation of labile cross-β polymers and liquid-like droplets. Treatment with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> caused phenomena of methionine oxidation and droplet melting that were reversed upon exposure of the oxidized protein to methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes. Morphological features of the cross-β polymers were revealed by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated footprinting. Equivalent TDP43 LC domain footprints were observed in polymerized hydrogels, liquid-like droplets, and living cells. The ability of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to impede cross-β polymerization was abrogated by the prominent M337V amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causing mutation. These observations may offer insight into the biological role of TDP43 in facilitating synapse-localized translation as well as aberrant aggregation of the protein in neurodegenerative diseases.
Autoantibodies and CD4 T cells target a cell retroviral envelope protein in non-obese diabetic mice (2003)

We determined that, over a biologic time interval, from 4 to 8 weeks of age, female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice develop antibodies against pancreatic beta-cell-surface antigens depending upon the presence of both the MHC class II susceptibility allele, I-A(g7), and other NOD background genes. We generated a mAb from a pre-diabetic NOD mouse that binds to the surface of insulinoma cells and isolated mouse beta cells, and identified the target as a retroviral envelope glycoprotein expressed on pancreatic beta cells. The cloned and expressed sequence for this protein was recognized by the mAb. The antibody as well as sera from pre-diabetic NOD mice recognized the recombinant protein. Spontaneous T cell reactivity against a peptide from the cloned protein was found in NOD mice. In conclusion, a beta cell retroviral envelope protein is a target antigen that is selected by the NOD mouse immune system early in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes.
Exploiting chromatic aberration to spectrally encode depth in reflectance confocal microscopy (2011)

We present chromatic confocal microscopy as a technique to axially scan the sample by spectrally encoding depth information to avoid mechanical scanning of the lens or sample. We have achieved an 800 μm focal shift over a range of 680-1080 nm using a hyperchromat lens as the imaging lens. A more complex system that incorporates a water immersion objective to improve axial resolution was built and tested. We determined that increasing objective magnification decreases chromatic shift while improving axial resolution. Furthermore, collimating after the hyperchromat at longer wavelengths yields an increase in focal shift.
ChemInform Abstract: Is There a Difference Between Leads and Drugs? A Historical Perspective. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Expression of the Ligand-Binding Domain-Containing Region of Retinoic Acid Receptors .ALPHA., .BETA. and .GAMMA. in Escherichia coli and Evaluation of Ligand-Binding Selectivity. (1993)

The complete molecule or the ligand-binding domain-containing region of each of the three subtypes of human retinoic acid receptors (hRAR alpha, hRAR beta and hRAR gamma) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed recombinant RARs (rRARs: rRAR alpha/E, rRAR beta/E and rRAR gamma) showed nearly the same magnitude of binding affinity toward [3H]retinoic acid (RA) as hRARs extracted from human cells (Ka values: 6.0 x 10(9) M-1 for rRAR alpha/E and 2.7 x 10(10) M-1 for both rRAR beta/E and rRAR gamma). Therefore, the ligand-binding selectivity of the rRARs toward RA and synthetic retinoids (4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenylcarbamoyl )benzoic acid (Am80), (E)-4-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propenyl]benzoic acid (Ch55)) was examined. Am80 bound rRAR alpha/E preferentially and showed no binding activity toward rRAR gamma, which is consistent with the case of hRAR gamma. Ch55 bound all three subtypes of rRARs, preferentially rRAR beta/E. These results suggest that the intrinsic nature of the binding of each retinoid can be investigated by usage of the rRARs. However, rRARs show quantitatively different ligand-selectivity from that of hRARs: RA showed higher binding affinity toward rRARs than both Am80 and Ch55, but Ch55 binds all three subtypes of hRARs stronger than RA and Am80, which binds hRAR beta stronger than RA.
Head CT Deep Learning Model for Early Stroke Identification Outperforms Human Experts (2021)

Abstract Non-contrast head CT (NCCT) is extremely insensitive for early (&lt; 3-6hrs) acute infarct identification. We developed a deep learning model that detects and delineates early acute infarcts on NCCT, using diffusion MRI as ground truth (3,566 NCCT/MRI training pairs). The model substantially outperformed 3 expert neuroradiologists on a test set of 150 CT scans (sensitivity 96% model versus 61–66% experts); infarct volume estimates strongly correlated with those of diffusion MRI (r 2 &gt; 0.98).
Reducing Automotive Counterfeiting Using Blockchain: Benefits and Challenges (2019)

Counterfeiting constitutes a major challenge in current supply chains leading to millions of dollars of lost revenue for the involved parties every year. Hardware-based authentication solutions built upon Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF) and RFID tags prevent counterfeiting in a multiparty supply chain context. Unfortunately, these solutions cannot prevent counterfeiting and duplication attacks by supply chain parties themselves, as they can simply equivocate by duplicating products in their local and unique activity ledger. In this work, we study the benefits and challenges of using distributed ledger technology (or blockchain) to prevent counterfeiting even in the presence of malicious supply chain parties. In particular, we show that the provision of a distributed and append-only ledger jointly governed by supply chain parties themselves, by means of a distributed consensus algorithm, makes permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric a promising approach towards mitigating counterfeiting. At the same time, the distributed nature of the ledger also possesses a privacy challenge as competing supply chain parties strive to protect their businesses from the prying eyes of competitors. Additionally, we show our efforts to build a blockchain-based counterfeiting prevention system for automotive supply chains, albeit the lessons learned are seamlessly applied to other supply chains. From our experience, we highlight two lessons: (i) the requirement of adding identities other than supply chain entities themselves to facilitate the tracking of goods; and (ii) the challenges derived from privacy enforcement in such a permissioned scenario. We thus finalize this work with a set of challenges that need to be overcome to achieve the best of both worlds: a solution to the counterfeiting problem using distributed ledger technology while providing the privacy notions of interest for supply chain parties.
Effect of Core Magnetization on Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) of Power Transformers (2008)

This paper presents how the frequency response analysis (FRA) measurements on a transformer can be influenced by magnetization condition of the core. Measurements were performed on two transformers at different magnetization levels to show effects of remanent magnetization in the core due to removal of 3-supply, of relaxation demagnetization and of dc flux on the frequency response of winding impedance. The most important observations were that any sudden change of excitation field (applying or removing magnetization current) yields a slowly varying magnetic relaxation, which causes the impedance to change with time due to magnetic viscosity. Results of diagnostic measurements of transformer winding impedance can therefore depend on the level of remanent magnetic flux appearing in the core limbs after switching-off a transformer. These observations lead to a conclusion that, for avoiding the effects of core magnetization, diagnostic FRA measurements on power transformers should not be performed directly after disconnection from network.