gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation, slime production and surface hydrophobicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (1983)

Received 20 January 1983 Accepted 23 January 1983 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Infections associated with prosthetic implants or medical devices are most commonly caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) [1]. The ability of CNS to produce slime has been sug- gested to play a critical role in the adhesion onto surfaces of implants and medical devices [2] and in the course of medical device-associated infections [3]. Staphylococcus aureus, the pathogenic counter- part of CNS, can be encapsulated [4]. Such strains possessed increased virulence in comparison with their non-encapsulated variant strains [5,6]. Char- acterization of CNS has been advocated [7,8], but no special attention has been given to the presence of a capsule, although encapsulated CNS have been reported [9]. Bacterial adhesion onto surfaces is also regarded to be an important virulence fac- tor [10]. Bacterial interaction with mammalian cells and artificial surfaces is promoted by the hydro- phobicity of the bacterial cell surface [11-13]. After characterization of twenty one CNS, the presence of a capsule and the ability to produce extracellular slime were studied. In addition, the surface hydrophobicity of the strains was mea- sured using a xylene-water system [14]. * Correspondence should be addressed to J. Dankert. 2.1. Bacterial strains and growth conditions 21 CNS strains isolated from open-heart surgery patients and laboratory staff members were classi- fied according to the scheme of Kloos and Schleifer [8] using the API Staph gallery (API Systems S.A., Montalieu Vercieu, France). 7 strains (NCTC) were a gift of Dr. R.R. Marples, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale Avenue, London, England. Strains stored at -20°C in skim milk were grown on sheep blood agar plates (Oxoid, Ltd., U.K.) and maintained on nutrient agar slants (Oxoid) at 4°C for 1 month. The strains were cultured in Trypticase soy broth (TSB, BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeys- ville, MD) for 20 h at 37°C. Late exponential phase cells were obtained by culturing 2 ml of the overnight broth into 100 ml of fresh TSB for 5 h at 37°C in a rotary shaker incubator (New Bruns- wick Sci. Co., New Brunswick, N J) at 90 rev./min. The bacteria were harvested by centrifuging (20000 ×g, 4°C, 10 min; Beckman Instruments Inc., J2-21, Palo Alto, CA), washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KHzPO4, 140 mM NaC1, 3 mM KC1, pH 7.2) and resuspended in PBS. To determine the effect of glucose depletion, all strains were grown in glucose-free TSB (GF-TSB, BBL). 0378-1097/83/0000-0000/$03.00 © 1983 Federation of European Microbiological Societies
Sn-Beta zeolite as diastereoselective water-resistant heterogeneous Lewis-acid catalyst for carbon–carbon bond formation in the intramolecular carbonyl–ene reaction (2004)

The water-tolerant Lewis acid Sn-Beta isomerises citronellal to isopulegol with high diastereoselectivity working in batch or in fixed bed reactors with very high turnover numbers.
Alterations in Janus Kinase (JAK)-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) Signaling in Patients With End-Stage Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2003)

Signaling via gp130 and JAK-STAT is profoundly altered in DCM. Importantly, tyrosine-phosphorylation of JAK2 is reduced in the face of increased gp130 phosphorylation, indicating impaired downstream activation of this critical pathway in DCM.
Optimal bovine pericardial tissue selection sites. I. Fiber architecture and tissue thickness measurements (1998)

Use of bovine pericardium as an engineered biomaterial in the fabrication of bioprosthetic heart valves is limited, in part, by substantial intra- and intersac variations in its fibrous structure. To quantitatively assess this variability, we determined the fiber architecture of 20 whole BP sacs. Each sac was mounted on a prolate spheroidal mold, cleared and preserved in 100% glycerol, then sectioned into four equisized quadrants. This preparation method allowed for accurate intersac comparisons and minimized tissue distortions. The fiber architecture was evaluated by small-angle light scattering (SALS) using a 2.54-mm rectilinear grid resulting in approximately 1200 SALS measurements per quadrant, along with tissue thickness measured at 55 locations per quadrant. The fiber architecture was described in terms of fiber preferred directions, degree of orientation, and asymmetry of the fiber angular distribution. The BP sac fiber architecture demonstrated substantial intra- and intersac variability, with local fiber preferred directions changing by as much as 90 degrees within approximately 5 mm. Overall, most sacs revealed potential selection areas in the apex region characterized by a high degree of orientation, high uniformity in fiber preferred directions, and uniform tissue thickness. However, the size, location, and fiber orientation of these potential selection areas varied sufficiently from sac-to-sac to question whether anatomic location alone is sufficient for consistent localization of regions of high structural uniformity suitable for improved BHV design.
Abstract 10415: Dysregulation of FOXO-FOXM1 Signaling Inhibits Maturation of IPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes in 3D Suspension Culture (2021)

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) into cardiomyocytes via manipulation of Wnt signaling leads to generation of immature cardiomyocytes, more closely resembling a fetal state. It has become increasingly apparent that metabolic parameters regulate of cardiomyocyte maturation. The forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors has previously been shown to regulate metabolic phenotype in neonatal cardiomyocytes through a balance between FOXO and FOXM proteins. Therefore, we hypothesized that dysregulation of FOXO-FOXM1 signaling inhibits maturation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). We cultured iPSC-CMs in 3D suspension culture using an orbital shaker. iPSC-CMs were treated with RCM-1 (FOXM1 inhibitor), LOM612 (FOXO nuclear translocator), or AS1842856 (FOXO inhibitor) starting 2 days after onset of beating. We found that inhibition of FOXO with AS1842856 resulted in loss of expression of cardiac-specific markers such as cardiac troponin T as well as loss of spontaneous beating. In contrast, inhibition of FOXM1 with RCM-1 or activation of FOXO with LOM612 resulted in retention of a cardiomyocyte phenotype with continued expression of cardiac troponin T but with significantly increased expression membrane protein expression of Kir2.1 (Figure), the protein largely responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential in cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that inhibition of FOXM1 and/or activation of FOXO signaling may facilitate maturation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Figure. (A) % of TNNT2+ iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes that express Kir2.1 and (B) Mean fluorescence intensity of Kir2.1 in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes after treatment with DMSO (vehicle control), RCM-1, LOM612, or AS1842856. *p&lt;0.05, ***p&lt;0.001, ****p&lt;0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.
The effect of nitrogen absorption on the TEM structure of SUS304L austenitic stainless steel weld metal (1987)

The effect of the nitrogen absorption on the transmission electron microscopic structure of SUS304L austenitic stainless steel weld metal was investigated by varying the nitrogen partial pressure of the Ar-N2 gas mixture welding atmosphere in an atmosphere-controlling chamber. An electron diffraction study suggested that the primary solidification mode of the weld metal alters from ferritic mode to austenitic one with the nitrogen partial pressure and the nitrogen content of weld metal. The austenite frequently adopts a near Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship with the adjacent primary ferrite, while the eutectic ferrite does not adopt the K-S one with the adjacent austenite. The amount of the eutectic ferrite phase increases with the nitrogen partial pressure and the nitrogen content. In the weld metal with no ferrite, precipitation on dislocations and grain boundaries was observed.
The CARMA3–Bcl10–MALT1 Signalosome Drives NFκB Activation and Promotes Aggressiveness in Angiotensin II Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2017)

The angiotensin II receptor AGTR1, which mediates vasoconstrictive and inflammatory signaling in vascular disease, is overexpressed aberrantly in some breast cancers. In this study, we established the significance of an AGTR1-responsive NFκB signaling pathway in this breast cancer subset. We documented that AGTR1 overexpression occurred in the luminal A and B subtypes of breast cancer, was mutually exclusive of HER2 expression, and correlated with aggressive features that include increased lymph node metastasis, reduced responsiveness to neoadjuvant therapy, and reduced overall survival. Mechanistically, AGTR1 overexpression directed both ligand-independent and ligand-dependent activation of NFκB, mediated by a signaling pathway that requires the triad of CARMA3, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM signalosome). Activation of this pathway drove cancer cell-intrinsic responses that include proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, CBM-dependent activation of NFκB elicited cancer cell-extrinsic effects, impacting endothelial cells of the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor angiogenesis. CBM/NFκB signaling in AGTR1<sup>+</sup> breast cancer therefore conspires to promote aggressive behavior through pleiotropic effects. Overall, our results point to the prognostic and therapeutic value of identifying AGTR1 overexpression in a subset of HER2-negative breast cancers, and they provide a mechanistic rationale to explore the repurposing of drugs that target angiotensin II-dependent NFκB signaling pathways to improve the treatment of this breast cancer subset.<b>Significance:</b> These findings offer a mechanistic rationale to explore the repurposing of drugs that target angiotensin action to improve the treatment of AGTR1-expressing breast cancers. <i>Cancer Res; 78(5); 1225-40. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Energy-Reversible Complementary NEM Logic Gates (2008)

In this paper, we introduced for the first time the energy-reversible complementary nanoelectromechanical (ER CNEM) logic gates and demonstrated their superiority over the conventional relays in terms of voltage, energy, and reliability. The ER CNEM logic a promising candidate for low standby and low operating power applications.
Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins in epithelial intestinal cells in vivo (2004)

Previous work on hepatitis C virus (HCV) led to the discovery of a new form of virus particle associating virus and lipoprotein elements. These hybrid particles (LVP for lipo-viro-particles) are enriched in triglycerides and contain at least apolipoprotein B (apoB), HCV RNA and core protein. These findings suggest that LVP synthesis could occur in liver and intestine, the two main organs specialized in the production of apoB-containing lipoprotein. To identify the site of LVP production, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of HCV quasispecies from purified LVP, whole serum and liver biopsies from chronically infected patients were studied. HCV quasispecies from LVP and liver differed significantly, suggesting that LVP were not predominantly synthesized in the liver but might also originate in the intestine. The authors therefore searched for the presence of HCV in the small intestine. Paraffin-embedded intestinal biopsies from 10 chronically HCV-infected patients and from 12 HCV RNA-negative controls (10 anti-HCV antibody-negative and two anti-HCV antibody-positive patients) were tested for HCV protein expression. HCV NS3 and NS5A proteins were stained in small intestine epithelial cells in four of the 10 chronically infected patients, and not in controls. Cells expressing HCV proteins were apoB-producing enterocytes but not mucus-secreting cells. These data indicate that the small intestine can be infected by HCV, and identify this organ as a potential reservoir and replication site. This further emphasizes the interaction between lipoprotein metabolism and HCV, and offers new insights into hepatitis C infection and pathophysiology.
Increased Growth Promoting But Not Mast Cell Degranulation Potential of a Covalent Dimer of c-Kit Ligand (1997)

The native form of soluble c-kit ligand (KL) is a noncovalent dimer. We have isolated a soluble, disulfide-linked dimer of murine KL (KL-CD) by expressing KL in Escherichia coli and refolding the denatured protein under conditions that promote the formation of both noncovalent dimers (KL-NC) and KL-CD. KL-CD exhibits a 10- to 15-fold increase in the ability to stimulate the growth of both the human megakaryocytic cell line MO7e and murine bone marrow-derived mast cells relative to KL-NC. Colony-forming assays of murine bone marrow progenitor cells also reflected this increased potency. However, KL-CD and KL-NC are equally able to prime mast cells for enhanced IgE-dependent degranulation in vitro and activate mast cells in vivo. Improving the growth-promoting activity of KL without changing its mast cell activation potential suggests that KL-CD or a related molecule could be administered in the clinic at doses that stimulate hematopoietic recovery while avoiding significant mast cell activation.
Table S1 from Targeting the MYCN–PARP–DNA Damage Response Pathway in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DNA damage response and mitotic cell cycle (DDR-M) genes and pathways&lt;/p&gt;
Fabrication of grain boundary junctions using NdFeAs(O,F) superconducting thin films (2017)

We report on the growth of NdFeAs(O,F) thin films on [001]-tilt MgO bicrystal substrates with misorientation angle theta_GB=6°, 12°, 24° and 45°, and their inter- and intra-grain transport properties. X-ray diffraction study confirmed that all our NdFeAs(O,F) films are epitaxially grown on the MgO bicrystals. The theta_GB dependence of the inter-grain critical current density Jc shows that, unlike Co-doped BaFe2As2 and Fe(Se,Te), its decay with theta_GB is rather significant. As a possible reason of this result, fluorine may have diffused preferentially to the grain boundary region and eroded the crystal structure.
Mechanistic Studies on the Aryl−Aryl Interchange Reaction of ArPdL2I (L = Triarylphosphine) Complexes (1997)

The aryl−aryl interchange reaction of ArPdL2I complex 1m was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. A marked inhibition in the presence of excess phosphine and/or excess iodide was observed, suggesting that a dissociative pathway was involved, contrary to the analogous alkyl−aryl interchange reaction studied previously. Phosphine flooding experiments could not be performed due to a competing phosphonium salt formation reaction that occurred in the presence of excess phosphine. A deuterium labeling experiment indicated that the interchange reaction proceeded via the reductive elimination to form the phosphonium salt, suggesting that excess phosphine was acting as a trap for intermediate palladium(0) species preventing the generation of the interchanged palladium(II) complex. Substituent effect studies of the interchange reaction indicated that it was inhibited by electron-withdrawing groups on both the phosphine and palladium-bound aryl groups and by increased steric bulk on both the phosphine and palladium-bound aryl groups. Under catalytic conditions, the distribution of phosphines formed from the aryl−aryl interchange during palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions could be modeled by statistics. Various strategies for eliminating the formation of byproducts caused by the interchange during cross-coupling reactions were screened and optimized.
Absorption and deposition of xanthophylls in broilers challenged with three dosages ofEimeria acervulinaoocysts (2014)

1. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of different doses of oocysts of Eimeria acervulina on intestinal absorption and skin deposition of xanthophylls (XAs) in broilers. 2. A total of 192 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 groups: an uninfected control group and three groups inoculated with either 1 × 10(2), 1 × 10(4) or 1 × 10(5) sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina by gavaging at 21 d. There were 4 replicate pens (2 male and 2 female) per group. 3. Plasma xanthophyll (PX) and skin yellowness (SY) were measured in live birds weekly. At 42 d of age, SY was measured in the breast and abdomen after chilling and in the breast 24 h post-processing on refrigerated carcasses. 4. In general, in all challenged treatments, and for the duration of the study, the average PX decreased by 0.02 μg/ml (R(2) = 61.6%) for every 1000 inoculated oocysts, whereas PX increased by 1.26 μg/ml/d in uninfected birds. 5. The average SY in live birds from 21 to 42 d of age decreased by 0.019 b*/every 1000 oocysts administered, while SY of uninfected controls increased by 0.57 b*/d. It was also noted that in all treatments females had a greater SY (6.17 b*) than males for the duration of the study. The SY of the breast and abdomen was correlated (r = 0.76) in chilled carcasses. Breast SY in 24 h refrigerated carcasses was greater in the control group and for female birds. 6. Oocyst excretion was different between inoculated treatments only on 7 d post-inoculation (PI). Coccidia lesion scores in the duodenum averaged 1+ in infected birds and 2+ in birds given the highest oocyst dose.
Aerodynamic sampling for landmine trace detection (2001)

Electronic noses and similar sensors show promise for detecting buried landmines through the explosive trace signals they emit. A key step in this detection is the sampler or sniffer, which acquires the airborne trace signal and presents it to the detector. Practicality demands no physical contact with the ground. Further, both airborne particulates and molecular traces must be sampled. Given a complicated minefield terrain and microclimate, this becomes a daunting chore. Our prior research on canine olfactory aerodynamics revealed several ways that evolution has dealt with such problems: 1) proximity of the sniffer to the scent source is important, 2) avoid exhaling back into the scent source, 3) use an aerodynamic collar on the sniffer inlet, 4) use auxiliary airjets to stir up surface particles, and 5) manage the 'impedance mismatch' between sniffer and sensor airflows carefully. Unfortunately, even basic data on aerodynamic sniffer performance as a function of inlet-tube and scent-source diameters, standoff distance, etc., have not been previously obtained. A laboratory-prototype sniffer was thus developed to provide guidance for landmine trace detectors. Initial experiments with this device are the subject of this paper. For example, a spike in the trace signal is observed upon starting the sniffer airflow, apparently due to rapid depletion of the available signal-laden air. Further, shielding the sniffer from disruptive ambient airflows arises as a key issue in sampling efficiency.
Structured Material Generation and Chemical Handling Advancements in Microfluidic Platforms. (2011)

Microfluidic technology was developed, in part, to miniaturize chemical analysis techniques. However, difficulties remain in functionality. Several microfluidic techniques were developed to enhance microfluidic functionality and study phenomena that occur in microfluidic systems. Handling nanoliter chemical volumes in microchannels was addressed by integrating a permeable polymer wall separating nanoliter droplets, where droplet contents could actively be manipulated by diffusion. Droplets were actively manipulated through a user-defined chemical flow to deliver solvents, reagents for reactions, perform separations and dissolve solid precipitate. Transport occurring in these systems was also analyzed and characterized, and transport rates from hundreds of fL/s to pL/s were achieved. Microscale separations of double-stranded DNA during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were studied in a microchannel with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), allowing DNA migration to be imaged at a plane normal to its migration direction. dsDNA displays a net transverse migration and concentrates at the top and bottom of the polyacrylamide gel. This phenomena is analyzed and explained with both experimental results and simulations. An imhonogenous pore size is attributed to be responsible for the observed migration. Using a three-dimensional microfabrication method, both 10 µm particles and yeast cells were positioned on microfabricated 5 µm through-holes using convective flow. This method is shown to be rapid to create accurate two dimensional patterns in around 2 seconds, and was subsequently used to fuse microparticle clusters and to cuture cells from a predefined two-dimensional pattern. The device was further expanded to be able to precisely position two particle types by independently controlling drains. Finally, the properties of miniaturized laminar co-flows were investigated. Through-holes were used to create an alternating co-flow structure where the number of co-flowing streams could be scaled up to 64, 750 nm streams. Fluidic effects that arise and can interfere with the quality of co-flows were investigated and conclusions were drawn that are applicable to future designs. Effects that were investigated include stream uniformity caused by non-uniform path lengths, diffusion, and Dean flow caused by quickly constricting flows at high Dean numbers.
Efficient nanoscale photonic devices and monolithic electronic-photonic subsystems in sub-100 nm SOI CMOS (2015)

We demonstrate efficient photonic devices that rely on sub-100nm features in unmodified 45nm SOI CMOS, including photonic crystals, array-antenna grating couplers, and modulators. We then show monolithically integrated electronic-photonic systems comprising millions of transistors and thousands of photonic devices, including a complete chip-to-chip photonic link.
Angle-Tunable Liquid Wedge Prism Driven by Electrowetting (2007)

We developed a tunable wedge prism by electrowetting actuation. Our prism can shift the field of view to the left or to the right and is useful for small cameras and endoscopes because its field of view can be changed without the need for large instruments. It consists of two plates that face each other, and a liquid is sandwiched between them. The liquid and plates form a wedge when the angle between the plates is changed. We used electrowetting to change the angle between the plates. The wedge prism is small because the liquid driven by electrowetting works as a prism. In addition, the prism produces a clear field of view because its optical flatness is determined by the flatness of the plates.
An efficient technique for self-term evaluation of the uniform current vector potential integrals (1996)

Abstract This communication presents an efficient technique for self-term evaluation of the uniform current vector potential integrals which often arise in certain cylindrical wire method of moments formulations. Simple approximating functions, derived from the application of numerical interpolation routines, are introduced that may be used in place of other more complicated techniques for evaluation of these integrals. In particular, this communication will focus on the development of these approximating functions for application in the moderately thick wire regime, where the reduced kernel approximation associated with thinner wires is no longer valid. It is shown that these proposed functions offer reasonably good accuracy over a wide range of wire segment lengths and radii.