gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T cell receptor and CD8‐dependent tyrosine phosphorylation events in cytotoxic T lymphocytes: activation of p56lck by CD8 binding to class I protein (1996)

Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins plays a central role in T cell activation. Mitogens or anti-receptor antibodies have been employed to study these signaling events, but the extent to which these mimic receptor interactions with native ligands is unclear. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be activated for functional responses using purified, native class I ligands presented on a surface. Previous work showed that stimulation with fluid-phase anti-T cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) activates CD8 to mediate adhesion to class I proteins and that activated CD8 generates a co-stimulatory signal upon binding to class I. Changes in tyrosine phosphorylation of substrates and activity of the p56lck kinase have now been examined in this two-step process. The observed changes are small in comparison to those found using more potent nonphysiological stimuli, but may more accurately reflect the events required for activation of functional responses. Fluid-phase anti-TCR mAb caused increased tyrosine phosphorylation of a discrete subset of cellular substrates. Increased phosphorylation of additional substrates occurred upon CD8 binding to class I, resulting in a phosphorylation pattern comparable to that found in cells stimulated with class I alloantigen. Anti-TCR mAb alone caused increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p56lck. When CD8 bound to class I, phosphorylation of p56lck decreased to below the basal level found in unstimulated cells, accompanied by a substantial increase in kinase activity. These results are consistent with the two-step model for TCR activation of CD8/class I interactions and directly demonstrate that CD8 binding to class I leads to up-regulation of p56lck activity.
Phase-shifting photomask repair and repair validation procedure for transparent and opaque defects relevant for the 45nm node and beyond (2008)

With the continuing decrease of feature sizes on photomasks and the related rising costs for current and future masks the importance of a reliable repair and repair assessment process has often been highlighted. The assessment, repair and repair validation of these expensive masks has become a very substantial factor of the total mask production cost The introduction of immersion lithography and the proposed introduction of double exposure strategies will further amplify this trend. In this paper we have concentrated on masks with feature sizes relevant for the 45nm node and defects with typical size and shape as they appear in production. Phase shifting masks with synthetic defects have been manufactured and the printability of the defects is analyzed with an AIMS<sup>TM</sup>45-193i. For representative defects the outline and three-dimensional shape as well as further characteristics have been visualized with the inherent electron microscope capability of the electron beam based repair tool, prior to repairing them with the repair system. In addition we will show the behaviour of the phase of the mask in a region of interest, that is in this case the repair area and its immediate vicinity. This will be done by a special new tool, named Phame<sup>(R)</sup>, developed for measuring the actual phase of smallest mask features with a high spatial resolution.
Thermal behavior of Pd@SiO2 nanostructures in various gas environments: a combined 3D and in situ TEM approach (2018)

The thermal stability of core-shell Pd@SiO2 nanostructures was for the first time monitored by using in situ Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (E-TEM) at atmospheric pressure coupled with Electron Tomography (ET) on the same particles. The core Pd particles, with octahedral or icosahedral original shapes, were followed during thermal heating under gas at atmospheric pressure. In the first step, their morphology/faceting evolution was investigated in a reductive H2 environment up to 400 °C by electron tomography performed on the same particles before and after the in situ treatment. As a result, we observed the formation of small Pd particles inside the silica shell due to the thermally activated diffusion from the core particle. A strong dependence of the shape and faceting transformations on the initial structure of the particles was evidenced. The octahedral monocrystalline NPs were found to be less stable than the icosahedral ones; in the first case, the Pd diffusion from the core towards the silica external surface led to a progressive decrease of the particle size. The icosahedral polycrystalline NPs do not exhibit a morphology/faceting change, as in this case the atom diffusion within the particle is favored against diffusion towards the silica shell, due to a high amount of crystallographic defects in the particles. In the second part, the Pd@SiO2 NPs behavior at high temperatures (up to 1000 °C) was investigated under reductive or oxidative conditions; it was found to be strongly related to the thermal evolution of the silica shell: (1) under H2, the silica is densified and loses its porous structure leading to a final state with Pd core NPs encapsulated in the shell; (2) under air, the silica porosity is maintained and the increase of the temperature leads to an enhancement of the diffusion mechanism from the core towards the external surface of the silica; as a result, at 850 °C all the Pd atoms are expelled outside the silica shell.
Best-first minimax search: othello results (1994)

We present a very simple selective search algorithm for two-player games. It always expands next the frontier node that determines the minimax value of the root. The algorithm requires no information other than a static evaluation function, and its time overhead per node is similar to that of alpha-beta minimax. We also present an implementation of the algorithm that reduces its space complexity from exponential to lin-ear in the search depth, at the cost of increased time complexity. In the game of Othello, using the evalu-ation function from BiIl (Lee &amp;amp; Mahajan 1990), best-first minimax outplays alpha-beta at moderate depths. A hybrid best-first extension algorithm, which com-bines alpha-beta and best-first minimax, performs sig-
Randomizing the Montgomery Multiplication to Repel Template Attacks on Multiplicative Masking (2010)

Abstract. For a long time multiplicative masking together with highly regular exponentiation algorithms was believed to thwart all side-channel based threats. Recent research results showed that the multiplicative masking itself can be attacked in order to recover the used masks. In this paper we propose a countermeasure which closes this security gap. The basic idea is to protect the masking step by introducing a randomized multiplication. The proposed method is cheap in terms of performance overhead. The memory overhead is reasonable.
Fly Ash 가 토양의 물화학성에 미치는 영향 (1991)

Fly ash가 土壤의 化學性 및 物理性에 미치는 影響을 糾明하기 위하여 Fly ash를 蒸溜水 및 0.5N-acetic acid로 추출하여 각종 無機成分의 溶出量을 測定하고 Fly ash를 土壤에 處理한 경우 土壤物理性의 變化를 調査하였다.
Fly ash의 主要結晶鑛物은 mullite와 石英이었다.
蒸溜水보다 Acetic acid로 Fly ash를 抽出할 경우 훨씬 많은 量의 無機成分이 溶出되었다. 이때 Si 및 Al는 蒸溜水에 依해서 거의 溶出되지 않았다.
土壤의 透溶性 및 圃場容水量은 Fly ash를 土壤에 10% 以下 添加하면 向上되었으나 그 以上 處理時에는 低下되었다.
土壤의 伸縮性 및 硬度는 Fly ash를 10% 以下로 處理할 경우 큰 影響을 받지 않았다.
Comparing Neural Accelerators & Neuromorphic Architectures ? The False Idol of Operations. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
A convex polynomial model for planar sliding mechanics: theory, application, and experimental validation (2018)

We propose a polynomial model for planar sliding mechanics. For the force–motion mapping, we treat the set of generalized friction loads as the 1-sublevel set of a polynomial whose gradient directions correspond to generalized velocities. The polynomial is confined to be convex even-degree homogeneous in order to obey the maximum work inequality, symmetry, shape invariance in scale, and fast invertibility. We present a simple and statistically efficient model identification procedure using a sum-of-squares convex relaxation. We then derive the kinematic contact model that resolves the contact modes and instantaneous object motion given a position controlled manipulator action. The inherently stochastic object-to-surface friction distributions are modeled by sampling polynomial parameters from distributions that preserve sum-of-squares convexity. Thanks to the model smoothness, the mechanics of patch contact is captured while being computationally efficient without mode selection at support points. Simulation and robotic experiments on pushing and grasping validate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach.
Depth and size perception in virtual reality systems (1992)

The creation of an effective virtual visual environment requires an understanding of human vision that exceeds current knowledge, and it raises questions whose importance goes far beyond this specific application. In creating a virtual visual space, we must first know how the perceptual effects of that space differ from those of a real environment. Second, we must determine which of those differences are most important to conveying the desired percept. We will describe the differences between the two systems and report results of our studies on the relative importance of some of these differences, focussing on the perception of size and depth. Finally, we will discuss the problems that are unique to see-through helmet-mounted displays where the interaction between the two environments vividly reveals any discrepancies between the two.
Technological Convergence: Highlighting the Power of CRISPR Single-Cell Perturbation Toolkit for Functional Interrogation of Enhancers (2023)

Higher eukaryotic enhancers, as a major class of regulatory elements, play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. Over the last decade, the development of sequencing technologies has flooded researchers with transcriptome-phenotype data alongside emerging candidate regulatory elements. Since most methods can only provide hints about enhancer function, there have been attempts to develop experimental and computational approaches that can bridge the gap in the causal relationship between regulatory regions and phenotypes. The coupling of two state-of-the-art technologies, also referred to as crisprQTL, has emerged as a promising high-throughput toolkit for addressing this question. This review provides an overview of the importance of studying enhancers, the core molecular foundation of crisprQTL, and recent studies utilizing crisprQTL to interrogate enhancer-phenotype correlations. Additionally, we discuss computational methods currently employed for crisprQTL data analysis. We conclude by pointing out common challenges, making recommendations, and looking at future prospects, with the aim of providing researchers with an overview of crisprQTL as an important toolkit for studying enhancers.
Local spatial frequency analysis of image texture (2002)

Real-world scenes contain many interacting phenomena that lead to complex images which are difficult to interpret automatically. Some effects are best described in the spatial domain, while others are more naturally expressed in frequency. In order to resolve this dichotomy, the authors present the combined space/frequency representation which, for each point in an image, shows the spatial frequencies at that point. This representation is useful for developing theories about many important vision phenomena, leading to deeper understanding and better algorithms. The authors show how the representation can be used for the shape from texture problem and to analyze aliasing simply and naturally. The space/frequency representation should be a key aid in untangling the complex interaction of phenomena in images, allowing automatic understanding of real-world scenes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On the creation of a generalized design optimization environment for electromagnetic devices (2001)

When optimizing designs for practical electromagnetic problems, the number of design constraints and variables is increased drastically. The construction and step-by-step creation of an electrical system, in practice, is a trial and error process. The design may lead to a sub-optimal solution since the success of a design depends on the experience of the designer. Optimization requires that all design goals, of a device, be connected into a single objective function with all independent variables and constraints, In practice, effective pre-processing and post processing of data are necessary In addition to the requirements of high performance computing capabilities. To achieve this process, we propose the utilization of the generalized design optimization environment or the virtual designer described in this paper.
Molecular Engineering to Enable High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery: From Propylene Carbonate to Trifluoropropylene Carbonate (2021)

Molecular engineering of electrolyte structures has led to the successful application of trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFPC), a fluorinated derivative of propylene carbonate (PC), in next-generation high-voltage high-energy lithium-ion cell. In contrast to a PC-based electrolyte which cointercalates in the form of Li+-solvated species into the graphene layer and exfoliates a graphite anode, a TFPC-based electrolyte is highly compatible with a graphite anode at low potential. Additionally, it shows exceptional oxidation stability on the charged cathode surface owing to the presence of the −CF3 group. An all-fluorinated electrolyte, that is, 1.0 M LiPF6 TFPC/2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbonate (FEMC) (1/1 volume ratio) + FEC additive, was formulated and demonstrated excellent cycling stability in a high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/graphite cell cycled between 3.0 and 4.6 V.
Zolpidem and Zolpidem Carboxylic Acid Results from Medication Monitoring (2018)

Zolpidem (Ambien®) is one of the "Z" drugs often used to improve sleep in older patients and those suffering from insomnia. Schwope, D.M., DePriest, A., Black, D.L., Caplan, Y.H., Cone, E.J., Heltsley, R. (2014) Determing zolpidem compliance: urinary metabolite detection and prevalence in chronic pain patients . Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 38, 513-518 reported that zolpidem in urine is not very prevalent being present <23% of the time in patient urine while the major metabolite, zolpidem 4-phenyl carboxylic acid (ZCA), is much more prevalent in urine with positive rates as high as 50% of the patient samples reviewed. Results from patient testing over a year's time are in agreement with the reported zolpidem results. However, the data observed herein for ZCA are not consistent with the earlier report. These data suggest that monitoring ZCA may result in even higher levels of positivity. Further, while the Food and Drug Administration has pointed out that female dosing should be half that given to males, results of this population testing indicate that the majority of patients (83% male and 73% female) receive 10 mg/day or 12.5 mg/day for Ambien CR® with females demonstrating statistically significantly higher levels of ZCA albeit zolpidem levels are not statistically significantly different between men and women. Estimates of patient positivity are dependent upon the value of the limit of quantification (LOQ) as demonstrated by the zolpidem results herein (LOQ = 50 ng/mL vs. 4 ng/mL). However, even with a much higher LOQ of 50 ng/mL for ZCA in this work, the positivity from ZCA results is significantly higher (e.g., 64.8%) than reported earlier (50.3%). Nevertheless, these data support the addition of ZCA for monitoring zolpidem in urine.
Drop Circulation and Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Hele Shaw Flow. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Author retrospective for PTRAN's analysis and optimization techniques (2014)

The PTRAN (Parallel Translator) system at IBM had as its goal the analysis and optimization of sequential programs for parallel architectures. In this paper, we give our perspective on what has changed since PTRAN, and what is still relevant.
Regulatory T cells suppress tumor-specific CD8 T cell cytotoxicity through TGF-β signals in vivo (2004)

Cancer patients can harbor significant numbers of CD8 and CD4 T cells with specificities to tumor antigens (Ags). Yet, in most cases, such T cells fail to eradicate the tumor in vivo. Here, we investigated the interference of Ag-specific CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Treg) with the tumor-specific CD8 T cell immune response in vivo , by monitoring the homing, expansion, and effector function of both subsets in draining and nondraining lymph nodes. The results show that CD8 cells expand to the same extent and produce similar levels of IFN-γ in the presence or absence of Ag-specific Treg. Nevertheless, these Treg abrogate CD8 T cell-mediated tumor rejection by specifically suppressing the cytotoxicity of expanded CD8 cells. The molecular mechanism of suppression involves TGF-β because expression of a dominant-negative TGF-β receptor by tumor-specific CD8 cells renders them resistant to suppression and is associated with tumor rejection and unimpaired cytotoxicity.
Partitioning of pristinamycins in aqueous two‐phase systems: A first step toward the development of antibiotic production by extractive fermentation (1994)

The partitioning of pristinamycins was studied in dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) aqueous two-phases systems. Pristinamycins partitioned preferentially into the PEG-rich top phase. The partition coefficient was independent of molar mass of PEG and dextran and of antibiotic concentration, but, increased exponentially with the tieline length of the system. Partition of pristinamycins was greatly improved when fatty acids esters of PEG were mixed with PEG. In such mixtures, the partition of coefficient increased up to a value of 24, dependent on the carbon chain length of fatty acids and the modified PEG concentrations. Moreover, in such system, the two groups of pristinamycins, I and II, were extracted in accordance with their hydrophobicity. Recovery of pristinanamycins produced by Streptomyces pritinaespiralis in a fermentation broth was achieved with a dextran/PEG system. Cells were confined into the bottom phase and pristinamycins partitioned in the top phase. However, due to binding of the pristinamycins to the cells, the partition coefficient was slightly lower than of pure antibiotics solutions. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dense III-V/Si Phase-Shifter Based Optical Phased Array (2019)

High-performance integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) are crucial for building up energy-efficient solid-state beam steering systems on a chip. This work demonstrates a first heterogeneous III-V/Si phase-shifter based OPA that utilizes III-V multiple quantum well (MQW) structures to provide superior performance. Demonstrated phase shifters have Vpi of only 0.45 V and residual amplitude modulation (RAM) of only 0.15 dB at 1550 nm for 2pi phase shift with low power consumption of less than 3 nW, which are, to the best our knowledge, the state-of-the-art performance with a record low operating voltage, low power consumption, and low RAM in on-chip OPAs. Their bandwidth is &gt;1 GHz across 200 nm wavelength range. Wavelength tuning is used to demonstrate two-dimensional beam steering with a field of view of 28x51 degree in the 32-channel OPA with an emitter-array pitch of 2 um. Side-mode suppression ratio of 16 dB is also achieved. The high-performance heterogeneous OPA paves the way for scalable and efficient on-chip beam steerers with large steering range and high beam quality.
Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in the Infant Younger Than 6 Months—Is it Technically Possible? (2006)

We believe that laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is technically possible in infants younger than 6 months.
Collaborative defense against zero-day and polymorphic worms: detection, response and an evaluation framework (2007)

Computer worms present a grave concern to the common man, and a challenging problem to the computer security community. Worms' abilities have precluded human intervention. East worms can be too fast to respond to. Slow worms can be too slow to be noticed. Zero-day and polymorphic worms can look like ordinary traffic to evoke any suspicion until they cause large scale destruction. This demands not just automated response but automated and intelligent response. This dissertation presents such an automated and intelligent means of detecting and responding to zero-day worms that could possibly be polymorphic in a signature independent fashion. 
Worms are detected cooperatively using a novel distributed application of the long-established Sequential Hypothesis Testing technique. The technique developed here builds a distributed worm detector of any desirable fidelity from unreliable anomaly detection systems. Tracking anomalies instead of signatures enables detection of zero-day and polymorphic worms. Cost-effective responses in the face of uncertainty about worms are selected automatically using Dynamic Programming. Responses are selected based on the likelihood of a current worm attack, and the relative costs of infection and responses, while minimizing the operating cost over a period of time. This technique uses information about anomalous events, potentially due to a worm, observed by cooperating peers to choose optimal actions for local implementation. 
In addition to developing the above techniques, this dissertation also presents a generic testing framework based on the Emulab network testbed to evaluate these and other such worm defense models, and provides a detailed survey of the research done so far in worm defense.
Induction of human tumor‐associated differentially expressed gene‐12 (TADG‐12/TMPRSS3)‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in human lymphocyte antigen‐A2.1–positive healthy donors and patients with advanced ovarian cancer (2008)

The TADG-12 YLPKSWTIQV peptide is an immunogenic epitope in ovarian tumors and may represent an attractive target for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer. These data may pave the way for TADG-12 peptide-derived cell-based therapy, including dendritic cell immunotherapy, for the vaccination of ovarian cancer patients harboring chemotherapy-resistant or residual disease.
Redox flow batteries: Status and perspective towards sustainable stationary energy storage (2020)

Redox-flow batteries, based on their particular ability to decouple power and energy, stand as prime candidates for cost-effective stationary storage, particularly in the case of long discharges and long storage times. Integration of renewables and subsequent need for energy storage is promoting effort on the development of mature and emerging redox-flow technologies. This review aims at providing a critical analysis of redox-flow technologies that can potentially fulfill cost requirements and enable large scale storage, mainly aqueous based systems. A comprehensive overview of the status of those technologies, including advantages and weaknesses, is presented. Compiled data on the market permeability, performance and cost should serve, together with the perspective included, to understand the different strategies to reach the successful implementation, from component development to innovative designs.