gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local Circuit Properties Underlying Cortical Reorganization (2002)

Peripheral denervation has been shown to cause reorganization of the deafferented somatotopic region in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, the basic mechanisms that underlie reorganization are not well understood. In the experiments described in this paper, a novel in vivo/in vitro preparation of adult rat S1 was used to determine changes in local circuit properties associated with the denervation-induced plasticity of the cortical representation in rat S1. In the present studies, deafferentation of rat S1 was induced by cutting the radial and median nerves in the forelimb of adult rats, resulting in a rapid shift of the location of the forepaw/lower jaw border; the amount of the shift increased over the times assayed, through 28 days after denervation. The locations of both borders (i.e., original and reorganized) were marked with vital dyes, and slices from the marked region were used for whole-cell recording. Responses were evoked using electrical stimulation of supragranular S1 and recorded in supragranular neurons close to either the original or reorganized border. For each neuron, postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were evoked by stimulation of fibers that crossed the border site (CB stim) and by equivalent stimulation that did not cross (NCB stim). Monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were also examined after blocking excitatory transmission with 15 microM CNQX plus 100 microM DL-APV. The amplitudes of PSPs and IPSPs were compared between CB and NCB stimulation to quantify effects of the border sites on excitation and inhibition. Previous results using this preparation in the normal (i.e., without induced plasticity) rat S1 demonstrated that at a normal border both PSPs and IPSPs were smaller when evoked with CB stimulation than with NCB stimulation. For most durations of denervation, a similar bias (i.e., smaller responses with CB stimulation) for PSPs and IPSPs was observed at the site of the novel reorganized border, while no such bias was observed at the suppressed original border site. Thus changes in local circuit properties (excitation and inhibition) can reflect larger-scale changes in cortical organization. However, specific dissociations between these local circuit properties and the presence of the novel border at certain durations of denervation were also observed, suggesting that there are several intracortical processes contributing to cortical reorganization over time and that excitation and inhibition may contribute differentially to them.
Diglyme (C6H14O3) complexes of molybdenum and tungsten: crystal structures of [MO2Cl2(C6H14O3)](M = Mo or W) (1993)

The diglyme complexes [MO2Cl2(C6H14O3)](M = Mo or W) have been prepared by reaction of MoO2Cl2 or WOCl4–Me3SiOSiMe3 with diglyme. X-Ray diffraction studies have shown that in these complexes the metals exhibit distorted-octahedral geometry, with cis-dioxo and trans-chloro ligands. Two ether oxygen atoms are co-ordinated trans to the oxo ligands leaving one terminal oxygen atom of the ligand uncomplexed. Assignments of metal–ligand stretching vibrations as observed by IR and Raman spectroscopy are presented. Variable temperature 13C-{1H} NMR spectra in CD2Cl2 solution indicate rapid intramolecular exchange between free and bound terminal oxygen atoms.
Ultrasensitive, Transparent, Flexible, and Ecofriendly NO2 Gas Sensors Enabled by Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles on Cellulose with Engineered Surface Roughness (2022)

Cellulose has attracted much attention as an ecofriendly support layer for flexible gas sensors. Here, an ultrasensitive, fully transparent, flexible gas sensor was developed using spray-coated oxidized single-walled carbon nanotube (Oxy-SWCNT) bundles on a cellulose support. Rational oxygen functionalization of the outer SWCNTs in bundles has versatile advantages, such as solution processability and selective adsorption of target gas, while the inner SWCNTs in the sheath–core structure enable an efficient channel for charge transport. Measurement of the Raman spectra under gas adsorption revealed the sensing mechanism of Oxy-SWCNTs depending on the type of gas molecules (i.e., NO2 and NH3). Compared to the silicon-based Oxy-SWCNT sensor, the cellulose-supported sensor showed an enhanced NO2 response with an excellent cross-sensitivity to other gases, mainly due to the polar glycosidic linkages in cellulose. Engineering the surface roughness of the supporting cellulose with halloysite nanotubes further enhanced the NO2 response, exhibiting an ultralow detection limit of 0.43 ppb. The ultrasensitive and ecofriendly cellulose-based gas sensor with transparency and flexibility could be an alternative to the high-temperature operating inorganic gas sensor for wearable sensing elements.
The power of desktop scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis for analyzing urinary stones (2023)

The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for the routine morphocompositional study of kidney stones in a clinical setting, and to demonstrate that it is a simple and useful approach that can reliably determine the etiology of all types of kidney stones. Our routine study of kidney stones consists of a combination of stereoscopic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The usefulness of such a procedure is demonstrated by its application to several illustrating examples. The protocol applied here is reliable and fast, and does not require multiple infrared spectroscopic analyses for most non-homogeneous samples. It also provides the identification of components that are present in very small proportions, the characteristics of internal and external structures, and information about areas with biological structures, such as renal tubules. It should be noted that results are obtained in a relatively short time and with high reliability. The detailed morphocompositional study of a urinary calculus is essential for establishing the diagnosis and etiology and for initiating the treatment of a patient with renal lithiasis, because there is a relationship between the specific characteristics of a stone and the specific etiology of the disease. The increasing number of treatments available for patients with different types of renal calculi makes improvements in diagnosis and determination of stone etiology, such as the procedure described here, more important now than ever.
Simple and Efficient Fabrication of Room Temperature Stable Electride:  Melt-Solidification and Glass Ceramics (2005)

Electrides are ionic compounds in which electrons act as anions. These compounds are expected to have interesting properties arising from their exotic structure. The fatal drawbacks of the thermal and chemical instability of organic electrides were resolved by the synthesis of a room temperature (RT) stable electride using single crystalline 12CaO.7Al2O3 (C12A7) with a nanoporous structure and the chemical treatments for a long duration. However, an innovative fabrication method is obviously required for practical applications such as cold electron-emitter and thermionic devices. Herein we report a simple synthesis for polycrystalline C12A7 electrides with a moderate electronic conductivity via a strongly reducing C12A7 "melt", i.e., direct solidification of the melt or crystallization of the transparent glass. Generation of carrier electrons and precipitation of the C12A7 phase from the strongly reducing melt and glass are likely associated with the incorporation of carbon-related anions for stabilizing the C12A7 phase and keeping the mobile electrons in C12A7. These findings will be broadly utilized for applications by mass production in a desired shape and dimension, facilitating the research of electrides.
Development of an Ultra-Dense Genetic Map of the Sunflower Genome Based on Single-Feature Polymorphisms (2012)

The development of ultra-dense genetic maps has the potential to facilitate detailed comparative genomic analyses and whole genome sequence assemblies. Here we describe the use of a custom Affymetrix GeneChip containing nearly 2.4 million features (25 bp sequences) targeting 86,023 unigenes from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and related species to test for single-feature polymorphisms (SFPs) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from a cross between confectionery and oilseed sunflower lines (RHA280×RHA801). We then employed an existing genetic map derived from this same population to rigorously filter out low quality data and place 67,486 features corresponding to 22,481 unigenes on the sunflower genetic map. The resulting map contains a substantial fraction of all sunflower genes and will thus facilitate a number of downstream applications, including genome assembly and the identification of candidate genes underlying QTL or traits of interest.
On a consistent procedure for distributed recursive nonlinear least-squares estimation (2013)

This paper studies recursive nonlinear least squares parameter estimation in inference networks with observations distributed across multiple agents and sensed sequentially over time. Conforming to a given inter-agent communication or interaction topology, distributed recursive estimators of the consensus + innovations type are presented in which at every observation sampling epoch the network agents exchange a single round of messages with their communication neighbors and recursively update their local parameter estimates by simultaneously processing the received neighborhood data and the new information (innovation) embedded in the observation sample. Under rather weak conditions on the connectivity of the inter-agent communication and a global observability criterion, it is shown that the proposed algorithms lead to consistent parameter estimates at each agent. Furthermore, under standard smoothness assumptions on the sensing nonlinearities, the distributed estimators are shown to yield order-optimal convergence rates, i.e., as far as the order of pathwise convergence is concerned, the local agent estimates are as good as the optimal centralized nonlinear least squares estimator having access to the entire network observation data at all times.
The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum intestinal transcriptome provides a platform for selecting drug and vaccine candidates (2016)

The intestinal transcriptome of A. ceylanicum provides useful information for the identification of proteins involved in the blood-feeding process, representing a first step towards a reverse vaccinology approach to a human hookworm vaccine.
Associations of sleep bruxism with age, sleep apnea, and daytime problematic behaviors in children (2016)

Sleep bruxism was reported in 21.0% of Japanese children and had independent relationships with age, movements during sleep, and snoring. A comorbidity of sleep-disordered breathing might be related to daytime problematic behavior in children with sleep bruxism.
Chemical Imaging With a Scanning Probe Microscope (1999)

Abstract Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) is a superb tool for topographical analysis of samples. However, traditional varieties of SPM such as Atomic Force, Scanning Tunneling and Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy have limited chemical contrast capability. Recently, several advanced techniques have been reported which provide chemical information in addition to topographical data. All these methods derive advantage from combinations of scanning probe methodologies and some other, chemically sensitive technique. Examples of such approaches are: Near-field Scanning Raman Imaging, Near-field Scanning Infrared Microscopy and mass spectrometric analysis with laser ablation through fiber probes. In this contribution we report the development of a new method in this family of chemically sensitive scanning probe techniques: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Shear Force Microscopy, LIBS-SFM. Traditional LIBS experiments involve focusing a pulsed laser beam onto the sample and observing optical emission from the plasma formed in the ablation area. The emissions are mostly in the UV/visible range, and the signal is due to electronic transitions in excited atoms and ions in the plasma plume. The spectra are analyzed to identify chemical elements. The spatial resolution of LIBS is limited by the wavelength and beam quality of the laser used for ablation. The experiments may be conducted in vacuum, controlled atmosphere, or ambient air.
Using software watermarking to discourage piracy (2004)

article Using software watermarking to discourage piracy Share on Author: Ginger Myles View Profile Authors Info & Claims XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for StudentsVolume 10Issue 3March 2004 pp 2https://doi.org/10.1145/1027321.1027323Online:01 April 2004Publication History 1citation482DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads482Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
How recent learning shapes the brain: Memory-dependent functional reconfiguration of brain circuits (2021)

The process of storing recently encoded episodic mnestic traces so that they are available for subsequent retrieval is accompanied by specific brain functional connectivity (FC) changes. In this fMRI study, we examined the early processing of memories in twenty-eight healthy participants performing an episodic memory task interposed between two resting state sessions. Memory performance was assessed through a forced-choice recognition test after the scanning sessions. We investigated resting state system configuration changes via Independent Component Analysis by cross-modeling baseline resting state spatial maps onto the post-encoding resting state, and post-encoding resting state spatial maps onto baseline. We identified both persistent and plastic components of the overall brain functional configuration between baseline and post-encoding. While FC patterns within executive, default mode, and cerebellar circuits persisted from baseline to post-encoding, FC within the visual circuit changed. A significant session × performance interaction characterized medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex FC with the visual circuit, as well as thalamic FC within the executive control system. Findings reveal early-stage FC changes at the system-level subsequent to a learning experience and associated with inter-individual variation in memory performance.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis and treatment of patients with soft tissue and bone sarcomas or aggressive benign musculoskeletal diseases: A single-center retrospective study (SarCorD study) (2022)

A delay in sarcoma diagnosis but not in starting treatment has been observed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, no difference in stage at diagnosis or in terms of survival has been observed.
Chauffage par effet plasmon pour la désorption localisée de cellules capturées sur une biopuce (2016)

This work proposes a miniaturized system able to perform multiple cell capture followed by cell-type selective release from a biochip surface. Unlabeled lymphocytes are first specifically captured onto a DNA array by antibody-DNA conjugates. The immobilized cells are subsequently released under spatio-temporal control within local heating generated by intense Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) produced by laser illumination.
Atrial natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide signaling antagonizes vasopressin-mediated water permeability in inner medullary collecting duct cells (2009)

AVP and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have opposite effects in the kidney. AVP induces antidiuresis by insertion of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels into the plasma membrane of collecting duct principal cells. ANP acts as a diuretic factor. An ANP- and nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-induced insertion of AQP2 into the plasma membrane is reported from different models. However, functional data on the insertion of AQP2 is missing. We used primary cultured inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells and digital holographic microscopy, calcein-quenching measurements, and immunofluorescence and Western blotting to analyze the effects of ANP and NO donors on AQP2 phosphorylation, membrane expression, and water permeability. While AVP led to acceleration in osmotically induced swelling, ANP had no effect. However, in AVP-pretreated cells ANP significantly decreased the kinetics of cell swelling. This effect was mimicked by 8-bromo-cGMP and blunted by PKG inhibition. Stimulation of the NO/sGC pathway or direct activation of sGC with BAY 58-2667 had similar effects to ANP. In cells treated with AVP, AQP2 was predominantly localized in the plasma membrane, and after additional incubation with ANP AQP2 was mostly localized in the cytosol, indicating an increased retrieval of AQP2 from the plasma membrane by ANP. Western blot analysis showed that ANP was able to reduce AVP-induced phosphorylation of AQP2 at position S256. In conclusion, we show that the diuretic action of ANP or NO in the IMCD involves a decreased localization of AQP2 in the plasma membrane which is mediated by cGMP and PKG.
Colloidal Ionic Assembly between Anionic Native Cellulose Nanofibrils and Cationic Block Copolymer Micelles into Biomimetic Nanocomposites (2011)

We present a facile ionic assembly between fibrillar and spherical colloidal objects toward biomimetic nanocomposites with majority hard and minority soft domains based on anionic reinforcing native cellulose nanofibrils and cationic amphiphilic block copolymer micelles with rubbery core. The concept is based on ionic complexation of carboxymethylated nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC, or also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC) and micelles formed by aqueous self-assembly of quaternized poly(1,2-butadiene)-block-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) with high fraction of the NFC reinforcement. The adsorption of block copolymer micelles onto nanocellulose is shown by quartz crystal microbalance measurements, atomic force microscopy imaging, and fluorescent optical microscopy. The physical properties are elucidated using electron microscopy, thermal analysis, and mechanical testing. The cationic part of the block copolymer serves as a binder to NFC, whereas the hydrophobic rubbery micellar cores are designed to facilitate energy dissipation and nanoscale lubrication between the NFC domains under deformation. We show that the mechanical properties do not follow the rule of mixtures, and synergistic effects are observed with promoted work of fracture in one composition. As the concept allows wide possibilities for tuning, the work suggests pathways for nanocellulose-based biomimetic nanocomposites combining high toughness with stiffness and strength.
Far-Field Multimodal Speech Processing and Conversational Interaction in Smart Spaces (2008)

Robust speech processing constitutes a crucial component in the development of usable and natural conversational interfaces. In this paper we are particularly interested in human-computer interaction taking place in "smart" spaces - equipped with a number of far-field, unobtrusive microphones and camera sensors. Their availability allows multi-sensory and multi-modal processing, thus improving robustness of speech-based perception technologies in a number of scenarios of interest, for example lectures and meetings held inside smart conference rooms, or interaction with domotic devices in smart homes. In this paper, we overview recent work at IBM Research in developing state-of-the-art speech technology in smart spaces. In particular we discuss acoustic scene analysis, speech activity detection, speaker diarization, and speech recognition, emphasizing multi-sensory or multi-modal processing. The resulting technology is envisaged to allow far-field conversational interaction in smart spaces based on dialog management and natural language understanding of user requests.
Concentric Ring Architected Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Power optimization of real-time embedded systems on variable voltage processor (2001)

The growing class of portable systems, such as personal computing and communication devices, demands data- and computation-intensive functionalities with low power consumption. Such systems require design flexibility which result in the need for implementation on programmable processor platform. The main goal of this thesis is to present a methodology and a set of tools that support low-power core-based system design. This thesis introduces an approach based on a set of compilation and operating system-level techniques. 
A collection of compilation techniques is developed to optimize throughput and the number of operations for general non-linear computations, the two most important components for low power consumption. Most of the previous results were restricted to limited classes of computations. This thesis addresses an optimal technique for throughput optimization of general non-linear computations using a set of transformations. An approach for automating the generation of the transformation script, given a set of transformations and applications, is also described. A novel divide-and-conquer compilation technique to minimize the number of operations for general non-linear computations is developed. 
Recent advances in power supply technology along with custom and commercial CMOS chips that are capable of operating reliably over a range of supply voltages make it possible to create processor cores with supply voltage that can be varied at run time according to application timing constraints. The variable voltage processor core can be made to operate at different optimal speeds along its power vs. speed curve in order to achieve much higher energy efficiency than existing techniques for a wider class of applications than existing techniques. This adds another degree of freedom and complexity. The key challenge is to develop effective scheduling techniques that treat voltage as a variable to be determined, in addition to the conventional task scheduling and allocation. Several scheduling techniques for various design scenarios are described. This thesis also presents a design methodology which addresses the selection of the processor core and the determination of the instruction and data cache size and configuration so as to fully exploit dynamically variable voltage processor core.