gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Detection of Symmetric Mixed Quantum States (2002)

We develop a sufficient condition for the least-squares measurement (LSM), or the square-root measurement, to minimize the probability of a detection error when distinguishing between a collection of mixed quantum states. Using this condition we derive the optimal measurement for state sets with a broad class of symmetries. We first consider geometrically uniform (GU) state sets with a possibly nonabelian generating group, and show that if the generator satisfies a certain constraint, then the LSM is optimal. In particular, for pure-state GU ensembles the LSM is shown to be optimal. For arbitrary GU state sets we show that the optimal measurement operators are GU with generator that can be computed very efficiently in polynomial time, within any desired accuracy. We then consider compound GU (CGU) state sets which consist of subsets that are GU. When the generators satisfy a certain constraint, the LSM is again optimal. For arbitrary CGU state sets the optimal measurement operators are shown to be CGU with generators that can be computed efficiently in polynomial time.
Underwater Soft Robot Modeling and Control With Differentiable Simulation (2021)

Underwater soft robots are challenging to model and control because of their high degrees of freedom and their intricate coupling with water. In this letter, we present a method that leverages the recent development in differentiable simulation coupled with a differentiable, analytical hydrodynamic model to assist with the modeling and control of an underwater soft robot. We apply this method to Starfish, a customized soft robot design that is easy to fabricate and intuitive to manipulate. Our method starts with data obtained from the real robot and alternates between simulation and experiments. Specifically, the simulation step uses gradients from a differentiable simulator to run system identification and trajectory optimization, and the experiment step executes the optimized trajectory on the robot to collect new data to be fed into simulation. Our demonstration on Starfish shows that proper usage of gradients from a differentiable simulator not only narrows down its simulation-to-reality gap but also improves the performance of an open-loop controller in real experiments.
Anomalous wide-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopy of supported platinum-molybdenum bimetallic clusters. 2. Atomic and electronic structure (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnomalous wide-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopy of supported platinum-molybdenum bimetallic clusters. 2. Atomic and electronic structureMahesh G. Samant, Gerard Bergeret, George Meitzner, Pierre Gallezot, and Michel BoudartCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 12, 3547–3554Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100323a045https://doi.org/10.1021/j100323a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Molecular design of antimicrobial conjugated oligoelectrolytes with enhanced selectivity toward bacterial cells (2020)

A series of cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) was designed to understand how variations in molecular dimensions impact the relative activity against bacteria and mammalian cells. These COEs kept a consistent distyrylbenzene framework but differed in the length of linker between the core and the cationic site and the length of substitute on the quaternary ammonium functioned group. Their antimicrobial efficacy, mammalian cell cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and cell association were determined. We find that hydrophobicity is a factor that controls the degree of COE association to cells, but <i>in vitro</i> efficacy and cytotoxicity depend on more subtle structural features. <b>COE2-3C-C4butyl</b> was found to be the optimal structure with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> against <i>E. coli</i> K12, low cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells and negligible hemolysis of red blood cells, even at 1024 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>. A time-kill kinetics study of <b>COE2-3C-C4butyl</b> against <i>E. coli</i> K12 demonstrates bactericidal activity. These findings provide the first systematic investigation of how COEs may be modulated to achieve low mammalian cell cytotoxicity with the long-range perspective of finding candidates suitable for developing a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
You Shall Not Boil a Young Goat in its Mother’s Milk: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Short Legal Statement within Its Context (2016)

This paper proposes an explanation of the purpose of one short commandment, which occurs twice in the Torah, in the book of Exodus 23:19 and in the book of Deuteronomy 14:21. Three traditional interpretations of the reason behind this commandment are popular among the scholarship: dietary, ethical and ritual. First one, being the oldest coming from the time of the early Judaism, uses this text as a basis for one of the key components for the rabbinic dietary system, in which mixing milk and meat is forbidden. The second interpretation is popular among the modern commentators. It presents the idea that this law prohibits animal cruelty and promotes empathy. The third interpretation understands this commandment as a prohibition against certain pagan ritual, which existed in the ancient Canaan. However, especially last two interpretations are based solely on the external historical cultural context and do not take into account the composition of the larger context of the Torah passage where the law of the young goat is found as well as the literary structure of the immediate context of the commandment. On the other hand a traditional Jewish interpretation of the passage implicitly takes the immediate context of the verse into consideration. Our paper focuses on the detailed analysis of the investigated Torah commandment in its context. The goal of the investigation is to determine the rhetorical structures of the immediate context in which the text in question appears in the book of Exodus and the book of Deuteronomy. This allows to determine whether or not the law in question is a stand-alone commandment or has logical connection with other laws found in the chapter. If the second is true, then the law about the young goat should not be viewed as a separate injunction but rather as a part of a larger legislation and, therefore, must be interpreted in accordance with its immediate context. Consequently, the analysis of rhetorical structure of two passages where the law in question occurs will help to answer decide whether or not its occurrence in two different books of the Torah has any significance or presents a mere coincidence.
RORγt inhibition selectively targets IL-17 producing iNKT and γδ-T cells enriched in Spondyloarthritis patients (2018)

Dysregulated IL-23/IL-17 responses have been linked to psoriatic arthritis and other forms of spondyloarthritides (SpA). RORγt, the key Thelper17 (Th17) cell transcriptional regulator, is also expressed by subsets of innate-like T cells, including invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and γδ-T cells, but their contribution to SpA is still unclear. Here we describe the presence of particular RORγt<sup>+</sup>T-bet<sup>lo</sup>PLZF<sup>-</sup> iNKT and γδ-hi T cell subsets in healthy peripheral blood. RORγt<sup>+</sup> iNKT and γδ-hi T cells show IL-23 mediated Th17-like immune responses and were clearly enriched within inflamed joints of SpA patients where they act as major IL-17 secretors. SpA derived iNKT and γδ-T cells showed unique and Th17-skewed phenotype and gene expression profiles. Strikingly, RORγt inhibition blocked γδ17 and iNKT17 cell function while selectively sparing IL-22<sup>+</sup> subsets. Overall, our findings highlight a unique diversity of human RORγt<sup>+</sup> T cells and underscore the potential of RORγt antagonism to modulate aberrant type 17 responses.
Annexin 1 Binds to U937 Monocytic Cells and Inhibits Their Adhesion to Microvascular Endothelium: Involvement of the α4β1 Integrin (2000)

Annexin 1 (ANX1), a calcium-binding protein, participates in the regulation of early inflammatory responses. Whereas some of its effects depend on intracellular interactions, a growing number of observations indicate that ANX1 may also act via autocrine/paracrine functions following externalization to the outer side of the plasma membrane. We studied the effects of ANX1 on leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells using as a model system the monocytic cell line U937 and human bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells. Exogenous rANX1, as well as endogenous ANX1 externalized by U937 differentiated in vitro, inhibited monocyte firm adhesion to vascular endothelium. Both binding of ANX1 to U937 cells and ANX1-mediated inhibition of cell adhesion involved the short N-terminal domain of the ANX1 molecule. Under experimental conditions in which ANX1 inhibited U937 adhesion to human bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells, this protein specifically colocalized with the alpha 4 integrin, and a direct interaction between ANX1 and the alpha 4 integrin could be documented by immunoprecipitation experiments. Moreover, ANX1 competed with the endothelial integrin counterreceptor, VCAM-1, for binding to alpha 4 integrin. These results indicate that ANX1 plays an important physiological role in modulating monocyte firm adhesion to the endothelium.
Etching of deep grooves for the precise positioning of cleaves in semiconductor lasers (1985)

Photoelectrochemical etching of InP is used to etch deep (80 μm), narrow (20 μm) grooves. The grooves are used to precisely position cleaves in semiconductor lasers and to demonstrate the first wafer processing of long/short cleaved-coupled-cavity (C3) lasers. Large numbers of low threshold C3 lasers wth very similar cavity lengths were obtained.
Evaluation of CXCR4 expression in breast and lung cancer models with [64Cu]AMD3465 (2012)

1710 Objectives Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed in a variety of cancers including breast and lung. CXCR4/CXCL12 interactions are critical for tumor development, growth and metastasis. Breast and lung tumors with high CXCR4 surface expression are more likely to metastasize and result in poor prognosis. Imaging of CXCR4 expression could be used as a predictor of metastatic potential of the primary tumor and for therapeutic guidance. Here we evaluate a positron-emitting monocyclam, [64Cu]AMD3465, for imaging graded levels of CXCR4 expression in breast and lung tumor models. Methods AMD3465 was radiolabeled with [64Cu]Cu(OAc)2 at pH 5.5. MDA-MB-231(CXCR4low) and DU4475(CXCR4high) breast cancer cells were used to generate orthotopic xenografts. Small cell lung cancer cell lines H82(CXCR4low), H69(CXCR4high) and the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 (CXCR4low) were used to generate subcutaneous and orthotopic xenografts, respectively. Whole body PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were carried out at 90 min post-injection of [64Cu]AMD3465. Regions of interest were drawn over the entire tumor on PET images and radioactivity uptake values were calculated as %ID/cc. CXCR4 expression in tumors and metastatic lesions was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. At least three animals were used per group. Results PET imaging and biodistribution studies demonstrated selective accumulation of radioactivity in DU4475 compared to MDA-MB-231 tumors at 16.51 ± 0.65 and 10.75 ± 1.04 %ID/cc, respectively. Similar results were also observed with H69 and H82 tumors. Furthermore, accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the orthotopic A549 lung tumors at 10.5 ± 0.9 %ID/cc compared to the contralateral lung at 3.1 ± 0.08 %ID/cc. In an A549 tumor mouse, elevated radioactivity accumulation was observed in lymph node metastases compared to the primary tumor. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the feasibility of imaging graded levels of CXCR4 expression in breast and lung tumor models. Research Support Elsa U. Pardee Foundatio
Effects of reversible and irreversible ferroelectric switchings on the piezoelectric large-signal response of lead zirconate titanate thin films (2005)

The effects of reversible and irreversible switching processes on the electromechanical large-signal strain S of tetragonal Pb(Zrx,Ti1−x)O3 thin films are investigated and discussed. Starting from electric small- and large-signal measurements, the percentage of switched unit cells cesw is calculated. The result is then used in combination with the measured electromechanical field-induced small-signal response to calculate the field-induced large-signal strain S. Enhanced models for this calculation are developed improving a known model. Differences between the calculated and measured large-signal strains are discussed in respect to parameter influences and irreversible contributions. In addition, detailed insight on the switching processes in respect to the electromechanical properties is given.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Bilayer aggregate microstructure determines viscoelasticity of lung surfactant suspensions”’ by J.-F. Berret, DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00653g (2022)

In their comment, Berret suggests that Curosurf, one of three clinical lung surfactant aqueous suspensions examined in the <i>Soft Matter</i>, 2021, <b>17</b>, 5170-51820 is a Newtonian liquid rather than a shear-thinning soft solid with a small, but measurable yield stress. We postulate that these discrepancies may be due to the size of the magnetic wire measurement probe used in their paper (Thai <i>et al.</i>, <i>Colloids Surf., B</i>, 2019, <b>178</b>, 337-345) the diameter of which is similar in size to the Curosurf bilayer agregates (1-10 μm). The cone and plate rheometer used by Ciutara and Zasadzinski measures averaged effects over the entire macroscopic sample. Our combined results point out that the local viscoelastic properties of a moderately dense suspension may be different than its bulk properties.
"Pharmacist Cross" Phase-Shift Cell Loaded with MEMS Switches for Reconfigurable Reflectarrays (2010)

International audience
Mechano-electro-magnetic finite element model of a balanced armature transducer for a contact hearing aid (2018)

Balanced Armature Transducers (BAT) are primary components of most of hearing aids. The goal of this work is to report on development and validation of a 2D Multiphysics Finite Element (FE) model of a BAT used in a Contact Hearing Aid (CHA). Electrical, magnetic, acoustic, and solid mechanics fields are coupled to simulate the system from electrical input to the coil, all the way to the mechanical vibration of the armature. Results from this model are verified with measurements of the armature’s velocity and electrical impedance, over a frequency range of 0.1 to 10 kHz. In addition, the FE results are compared with a 1D lumped-element two-port model of the isolated BAT (Kim and Allen, 2013). Consistent with the experimental measurements, the BAT’s FE model exhibits the first natural frequency of the armature’s velocity around 3,800 Hz. This frequency is determined by both the primary stiffness of the armature and from a negative stiffness introduced by magnetization of the BAT (i.e., the DC magnetic field from the two permanent magnets located inside the BAT). This model paves the path towards the numerical investigation and improvement of the BAT’s design parameters including the number of turns and wire gauge diameter of the coil, geometrical (the thickness and its geometry) and material (density and elastic modulus) properties of the armature, and the magnetic properties of the armature and casing that houses the BAT.
108-GHz GaInAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes with integrated bias tees and matched resistors (1993)

Connections to bulk bias tees and various mismatched loads degrade the usable frequency response of high-speed photodetectors. Monolithic integration of passive components to enhance the realizable performance of high-bandwidth, long-wavelength photodiodes is demonstrated. Circuits having bias tees and matched resistors integrated with 7- mu m*7- mu m photodiodes show usable electrical bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
8× 320-Gb/s Transmission over 5600 km Using All-ETDM 80-Gbaud Polarization Multiplexed QPSK Transmitter and Coherent Receiver (2012)

WDM transmission over 5600 km of ultra-large-area fiber is achieved using an 80-Gbaud all-electronically multiplexed polarization-division multiplexed quadrature phase-shift-keyed (PDM-QPSK) transmitter and off-line intradyne detection with four synchronized 120-GSamples/s, 45-GHz inputs of an oscilloscope prototype.
A novel iron fullerene (FeC60) adduct in the solid state (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel iron fullerene (FeC60) adduct in the solid stateT. Pradeep, G. U. Kulkarni, K. R. Kannan, T. N. Guru Row, and C. N. R. RaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6, 2272–2273Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00032a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
MDR1 siRNA loaded hyaluronic acid-based CD44 targeted nanoparticle systems circumvent paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer (2015)

Development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is an almost universal phenomenon in patients with ovarian cancer, and this severely limits the ultimate success of chemotherapy in the clinic. Overexpression of the MDR1 gene and corresponding P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the best known MDR mechanisms. MDR1 siRNA based strategies were proposed to circumvent MDR, however, systemic, safe, and effective targeted delivery is still a major challenge. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) targeted hyaluronic acid (HA) based nanoparticle has been shown to successfully deliver chemotherapy agents or siRNAs into tumor cells. The goal of this study is to evaluate the ability of HA-PEI/HA-PEG to deliver MDR1 siRNA and the efficacy of the combination of HA-PEI/HA-PEG/MDR1 siRNA with paclitaxel to suppress growth of ovarian cancer. We observed that HA-PEI/HA-PEG nanoparticles can efficiently deliver MDR1 siRNA into MDR ovarian cancer cells, resulting in down-regulation of MDR1 and Pgp expression. Administration of HA-PEI/HA-PEG/MDR1 siRNA nanoparticles followed by paclitaxel treatment induced a significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth, decreased Pgp expression and increased apoptosis in MDR ovarian cancer mice model. Our findings suggest that CD44 targeted HA-PEI/HA-PEG/MDR1 siRNA nanoparticles can serve as a therapeutic tool with great potentials to circumvent MDR in ovarian cancer.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Markers (2003)

For certain diseases that can only be diagnosed clinically, physicians rely heavily on the presence of disease markers to support or even at times modify their clinical impression. Typically, these markers play an important role in helping to establish a diagnosis and to evaluate the activity of a chronic disease over time. The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, is not based solely on clinical grounds. Invasive endoscopic and radiological as well as histopathological criteria need to be met in order to make a correct diagnosis. The search for a noninvasive diagnostic marker that accurately distinguishes a group of patients with IBD from those unaffected by the disease has become an important focus in IBD research. The challenge lies in finding one marker or a combination thereof, that not only distinguishes IBD from non-IBD, or identifies at risk populations, but can also help clinicians distinguish between the IBD subtypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD). Such diagnostic dilemmas occur as part of every day practice for clinicians caring for children and adults with suspicion of, or a diagnosis of, IBD. Efforts have also been focused on finding ideal evaluative markers that can be used to monitor disease activity and the effect of treatment over time. This search has taken a very exciting turn in the direction of finding markers that can assess the natural history and perhaps predict the course of individual’s disease over time. This chapter highlights the recent advances in the area of IBD markers, discusses the utility and feasibility of these novel markers as well as provides a review of those currently employed in clinical practice.
Failure of red blood cell maturation in mice with defects in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI (2002)

Mammalian erythrocytes undergo a unique maturation process in which they discard their nuclei and organelles and assume a flexible biconcave shape. We found that altered plasma lipoprotein metabolism can profoundly influence these events. Abnormal erythrocyte morphology was observed in hypercholesterolemic mice lacking the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI. This was exacerbated by feeding mice a high-cholesterol diet or, more dramatically, by inactivating the apolipoprotein E gene. Erythrocytes from SR-BI(-/-)/apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice and SR-BI(-/-) mice that were fed cholesterol had markedly increased membrane cholesterol. Their morphology appeared immature, with macrocytosis, irregular shape, and large autophagolysosomes. Autophagolysosomes from SR-BI(-/-)/apolipoprotein E(-/-) erythrocytes were expelled when the erythrocytes were transfused into wild-type animals or incubated in vitro with normolipidemic serum or the cholesterol-sequestering agent methyl cyclodextrin. We propose that autophagocytosis and phagolysosome expulsion are essential steps in erythroid maturation and that expulsion is inhibited in the presence of markedly increased cellular cholesterol.