gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ad hoc networks for localization and control (2003)

We consider a team of mobile robots equipped with sensors and wireless network cards and the task of navigating to a desired location in a formation. We develop a set of algorithms for (a) discovery; (b) cooperative localization; and (c) cooperative control. Discovery involves the use of sensory information to organize the robots into a mobile network allowing each robot to establish its neighbors and, when necessary, one or more leaders. Cooperative control is the task of achieving a desired goal position and orientation and desired formation shape and maintaining it. Cooperative localization allows each robot to estimate its relative position and orientation with respect to its neighbors and hence the formation shape. We show numerical results and simulations for a team of nonholonomic, wheeled robots with omnidirectional cameras sharing a wireless communication network.
Discussion (1997)

Supracervical or subtotal hysterectomy is a procedure that largely was discarded in the middle part of this century. This decision was made because of the reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with total hysterectomy, the only known and available method for the prevention of cervical cancer. This rationale, appropriate earlier in the century, has become somewhat undermined with the advent of Papanicolaou smear screening, colposcopic diagnosis, and simple outpatient therapy for preinvasive cervical neoplasia. Furthermore, some have argued that supracervical hysterectomy better preserves bladder and sexual function, and may be associated with reduced surgical and postoperative morbidity. Recently, laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy has been introduced as another operative alternative with putative advantages over the procedure performed via laparotomy. However, for routine cases, the available literature does not confirm that one procedure is superior, regardless of the route of access. In selected cases, where benign conditions significantly distort the cervical anatomy complicating the dissection, supracervical hysterectomy would seem a prudent choice. It is clear that appropriately designed comparative studies are in order, to better determine the place for supracervical hysterectomy in the contemporary management of women with benign uterine disease.
Task specificity in the control of intrinsic trunk muscles in man (1990)

The human trunk is a complex mechanical system comprised of large and small segments interconnected with several layers of muscles. An accurate control of this system is important during a variety of everyday tasks such as voluntary movements of the trunk, walking and running. This study was designed to investigate the interaction between muscles controlling the pelvis and the trunk during a variety of movements requiring a finely tuned coordination. Four subjects carried out seven different forms of fast oscillatory movements of the pelvis and trunk in the sagittal and transverse planes. Electromyographical activity (EMG) was recorded with surface electrodes from the abdominal muscles rectus abdominis (RA), obliquus externus (OE), obliquus internus (OI) and erector spinae (ES), from the hip flexor muscle rectus femoris (RF), the hip extensor muscle gluteus maximus (GM) and from the hip extensor/knee flexor muscles of the hamstrings group (HAM). Movements were recorded with an optoelectronic system (Selspot). The results indicate that during spontaneous flexion‐extension movements of the trunk there was a basic alternating activation between a pure flexor (RF‐RA‐OE‐OI) and an extensor synergy (ES‐GM‐HAM). Different mixed synergies appeared when more specific patterns of coordination of the pelvis and spine were performed. For example, during pelvic tilts in the sagittal plane, RA‐OE‐OI‐GM formed a synergy which was activated reciprocally with ES. The neural circuitry controlling muscles of the pelvis and trunk is apparently adaptable to a variety of different tasks. Individual muscles were shown to either cause, brake or prevent a movement and to be integrated in several different task‐specific motor synergies. Such a flexibility of the motor system is important for an accurate control of postural equilibrium and coordinative movements of the pelvis and trunk.
Deep learning and three-compartment breast imaging in breast cancer diagnosis (2017)

We investigated whether deep learning has potential to aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer when applied to mammograms and biologic tissue composition images derived from three-compartment (3CB) imaging. The dataset contained diagnostic mammograms and 3CB images (water, lipid, and protein content) of biopsy-sampled BIRADS 4 and 5 lesions in 195 patients. In 58 patients, the lesion manifested as a mass (13 malignant vs. 45 benign), in 87 as microcalcifications (19 vs. 68), and in 56 as (focal) asymmetry or architectural distortion (11 vs. 45). Six patients had both a mass and calcifications. For each mammogram and corresponding 3CB images, a 128x128 region of interest containing the lesion was selected by an expert radiologist and used directly as input to a deep learning method pretrained on a very large independent set of non-medical images. We used a nested leave-one-out-by-case (patient) model selection and classification protocol. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the task of distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions was used as performance metric. For the cases with mammographic masses, the AUC increased from 0.83 (mammograms alone) to 0.89 (mammograms+3CB, p=.162). For the microcalcification and asymmetry/architectural distortion cases the AUC increased from 0.84 to 0.91 (p=.116) and from 0.61 to 0.87 (p=.006), respectively. Our results indicate great potential for the application of deep learning methods in the diagnosis of breast cancer and additional knowledge of the biologic tissue composition appeared to improve performance, especially for lesions mammographically manifesting as asymmetries or architectural distortions.
Urinary cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate excretion in children of short stature: Effect of somatotropin (1977)

Excretion of urinary cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) was determined in twenty-four children of short stature and in sixteen normal children. Of the patients, eight suffered from anterior panhypopituitarism, six from isolated deficiency or somatotropin, seven had a family history of short stature, and three had growth failure of pre-natal onset. In children suffering from anterior panhypopituitarism or from isolated somatotropin deficiency, excretion of cAMP was found to be depressed. Short-term administration of purified somatotropin in normal therapeutic dose (3.4 mg per 1.7 m2 i.m. daily for 5 days) had no effect on urinary cAMP, but reduced urine volume in all patient groups. During somatotropin treatment there was a positive correlation between changes in urine volume and nitrogen balance (r = 0.67).
Disjunctive datalog (1997)

We consider disjunctive Datalog, a powerful database query language based on disjunctive logic programming. Briefly, disjunctive Datalog is a variant of Datalog where disjunctions may appear in the rule heads; advanced versions also allow for negation in the bodies which can be handled according to a semantics for negation in disjunctive logic programming. In particular, we investigate three different semantics for disjunctive Datalog: the minimal model semantics the perfect model semantics, and the stable model semantics. For each of these semantics, the expressive power and complexity are studied. We show that the possibility variants of these semantics express the same set of queries. In fact, they precisely capture the complexity class Σ P 2 . Thus, unless the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses, disjunctive Datalog is more expressive that normal logic programming with negation. These results are not only of theoretical interest; we demonstrate that problems relevant in practice such as computing the optimal tour value in the Traveling Salesman Problem and eigenvector computations can be handled in disjunctive Datalog, but not Datalog with negation (unless the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses). In addition, we study modularity properties of disjunctive Datalog and investigate syntactic restrictions of the formalisms.
Mathematical Modeling of the Microstructure of Poly(propylene) Made with Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts in the Presence of Electron Donors (2010)

Abstract Two different modeling techniques, the method of moments and Monte Carlo simulation, were compared for propylene polymerization with coordination catalysts including a new mechanistic step, site transformation by electron donors. We used the models to show how the molecular weight and tacticity distributions of several poly(propylene) chain populations were affected by changing the concentration of hydrogen, electron donor, and propylene in the reactor, under steady‐state or dynamic operating conditions. The Monte Carlo simulation describes the molecular weight and tacticity distributions for the whole polymer and chain populations with distinct microstructural characteristics. We have also applied the Monte Carlo model to simulate the pentad sequence distributions and its equivalent 13 C NMR spectra. magnified image
Extracellular virulence factors of streptococci associated with animal diseases (2004)

A virulence factor denotes a bacterial product or strategy that contributes to virulence or pathogenicity. Streptococci produce a variety of protein toxins and enzymes that are capable of killing host cells and breaking down cell constituents, presumably to provide nutrients for the bacteria or to promote their spread. Some of these secreted products are hemolysins, streptokinases, hyaluronidases, exotoxins and proteases. In some cases, they play an important role in resistance to the host immune system, acting alone or in combination with cell-associated virulence factors (such as the capsule and surface proteins). Thus, the virulence of streptococci is considered as a multifactorial process. In contrast to well known human pathogens, and in spite of their veterinary importance, knowledge of virulence factors of most animal disease-associated streptococci is limited or almost inexistent. In the present article, the available information regarding the extracellular virulence factors of the most important animal disease-related streptococci is reviewed.
Integrating high-throughput genetic interaction mapping and high-content screening to explore yeast spindle morphogenesis (2020)

A combination of yeast genetics, synthetic genetic array analysis, and high-throughput screening reveals that sumoylation of Mcm21p promotes disassembly of the mitotic spindle.We describe the application of a novel screening approach that combines automated yeast genetics, synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis, and a high-content screening (HCS) system to examine mitotic spindle morphogenesis. We measured numerous spindle and cellular morphological parameters in thousands of single mutants and corresponding sensitized double mutants lacking genes known to be involved in spindle function. We focused on a subset of genes that appear to define a highly conserved mitotic spindle disassembly pathway, which is known to involve Ipl1p, the yeast aurora B kinase, as well as the cell cycle regulatory networks mitotic exit network (MEN) and fourteen early anaphase release (FEAR). We also dissected the function of the kinetochore protein Mcm21p, showing that sumoylation of Mcm21p regulates the enrichment of Ipl1p and other chromosomal passenger proteins to the spindle midzone to mediate spindle disassembly. Although we focused on spindle disassembly in a proof-of-principle study, our integrated HCS-SGA method can be applied to virtually any pathway, making it a powerful means for identifying specific cellular functions.
Nanostructured Integrated Electron Source (1997)

Additive nanolithography with electron beam induced deposition is applied to generate a nanostructured integrated field emission electron source. The source is built into a lithographically fabricated pattern of connecting lines on a chip. Current stabilizing resistors are integrated in to the connecting lines with the same technique. Field emission microscope investigation of deposited supertips proves that a confined emission is delivered @om conducting tips into a beam divergence angle of k 74 The reduced brightness of the deposited supertips is evaluated. A IO fold higher reduced bightness is observed if compared to conventional cold tungsten as well as to Schottky field emitters.
Effects of Citrate Acid Concentrate (Citrasate®) on Heparin N Requirements and Hemodialysis Adequacy: A Multicenter, Prospective Noninferiority Trial (2012)

CD was safe, effective, and met all study endpoints. Dialyzer clearance increased approximately 1% with CD despite 20-33% heparin reduction. Over 92% of P3 subjects demonstrated noninferiority of dialyzer clearance with CD and 33% HN reduction. There was no significant difference in dialyzer clotting, bleeding, or adverse events.
Advances in medical applications using SWIR light in the wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm (2019)

Most recently, the second (1100-1350 nm), third (1600-1870) and fourth (2100-2350 nm) NIR windows have received increased attention for use in linear and nonlinear imaging and spectroscopy. Due to minimal scattering and absorption at these windows, there is a reduction in blurring and image quality is enhanced. SWIR wavelengths can penetrate deeper than when using conventional methods and are being utilized for medical applications including brain imaging, identifying bone micro-fractures and delineating breast cancer margins. The supercontinuum laser can provide a powerful broadband light source that will increase SWIR applications. Recent advances will be discussed.
Unimolecular thermal decomposition of phenol and d5-phenol: Direct observation of cyclopentadiene formation via cyclohexadienone (2012)

The pyrolyses of phenol and d(5)-phenol (C(6)H(5)OH and C(6)D(5)OH) have been studied using a high temperature, microtubular (μtubular) SiC reactor. Product detection is via both photon ionization (10.487 eV) time-of-flight mass spectrometry and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. Gas exiting the heated reactor (375 K-1575 K) is subject to a free expansion after a residence time in the μtubular reactor of approximately 50-100 μs. The expansion from the reactor into vacuum rapidly cools the gas mixture and allows the detection of radicals and other highly reactive intermediates. We find that the initial decomposition steps at the onset of phenol pyrolysis are enol/keto tautomerization to form cyclohexadienone followed by decarbonylation to produce cyclopentadiene; C(6)H(5)OH → c-C(6)H(6) = O → c-C(5)H(6) + CO. The cyclopentadiene loses a H atom to generate the cyclopentadienyl radical which further decomposes to acetylene and propargyl radical; c-C(5)H(6) → c-C(5)H(5) + H → HC≡CH + HCCCH(2). At higher temperatures, hydrogen loss from the PhO-H group to form phenoxy radical followed by CO ejection to generate the cyclopentadienyl radical likely contributes to the product distribution; C(6)H(5)O-H → C(6)H(5)O + H → c-C(5)H(5) + CO. The direct decarbonylation reaction remains an important channel in the thermal decomposition mechanisms of the dihydroxybenzenes. Both catechol (o-HO-C(6)H(4)-OH) and hydroquinone (p-HO-C(6)H(4)-OH) are shown to undergo decarbonylation at the onset of pyrolysis to form hydroxycyclopentadiene. In the case of catechol, we observe that water loss is also an important decomposition channel at the onset of pyrolysis.
American college of radiology appropriateness criteria ® treatment of stage I T1 glottic cancer (2013)

Best treatment for a particular cancer cannot be defined without consideration of the lesion's location, extent, depth of invasion, and quality of surgical exposure during direct laryngoscopy.
2-D Modelling and Optimisation of Trench Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (TIGBT) (1996)

A 2-D theoretical study for the Trench Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is performed. Extensive numerical simulations, analytical modeling using a mathematically developed PIN diode-PNP transistor model and optimisation of Trench IGBTs are carried out. It is concluded that an optimised Trench IGBT is potentially the leading structure of the next generation of high voltage devices.
Retinal Microvascular Changes and Risk of Stroke (2013)

Retinal microvascular changes are related to an increased risk of stroke in Asian Malay, consistent with data from white populations. Retinal imaging improves the discrimination and stratification of stroke risk beyond that of established risk factors by a significant but small margin.
Al-2.135 Top-Down Patterning (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Induction of programmed cell death in ErbB2/HER2-expressing cancer cells by targeted delivery of apoptosis-inducing factor (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Induction of programmed cell death in ErbB2/HER2-expressing cancer cells by targeted delivery of apoptosis-inducing factor
Integration of vision modules and labeling of surface discontinuities (1989)

It is assumed that a major goal of the early vision modules and their integration is to deliver a cartoon of the discontinuities in the scene and to label them in terms of their physical origin. The output of each of the vision modules is noisy, possibly sparse, and sometimes not unique. The authors suggest the use of a coupled Markov random field (MRF) at the output of each module (image cues)-stereo, motion, color, and texture-to achieve two goals: first, to counteract the noise and fill in sparse data, and secondly, to integrate the image within each MRF to find the module discontinuities and align them with the intensity edges. The authors outline a theory of how to label the discontinuities in terms of depth, orientation, albedo, illumination, and specular discontinuities. They present labeling results using a simple linear classifier operating on the output of the MRF associated with each vision module and coupled to the image data. The classifier has been trained on a small set of a mixture of synthetic and real data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
TV White Space Network Interference Measurements and Application Pilot Trials. Final report from ﬁeld measurement campaigns and application pilot trials in WISE projects during 2011-2014 (2016)

This report describes TV white space network measurements and trials conducted in Finnish WISE projects during 2011-2014. A TV White Space test network environment was developed and built in Turku, Finland, to aid in standardization and to demonstrate technical capabilities of TV white space networks. The test network environment was the ﬁrst in Europe having a geolocation database to control the frequency use. This report introduces interference measurements conducted to aid in the standardization work in CEPT/ECC SE43 group. These measurements and the work in the SE43 group served as base information in the creation of an ETSI harmonised standard for TV white space devices, ETSI EN 301 598. The report also presents two application pilot trials conducted to demonstrate the technical feasibility of TV white space networks: a long-term video surveillance trial in Turku and Helsinki area public transport ticket sales and transit information screens trial.
<title>Mid-IR high-power transmission through chalcogenide fibers: current results and future challenges</title> (1997)

We present current results and discuss future potential for laser power transmission through chalcogenide fibers in the 2-11 micrometers wavelength region. Results include both high average power and high peak power laser transmission. Multiple pulse laser induced damage thresholds are presented for polished glass surfaces, bulk glass and fiber endfaces. Important issues for optimum power delivery are discussed, including antireflection coatings on fiber endfaces and a method for smoothing the fiber output spatial distribution.
Galectin-3 inhibits Paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth and impacts paracoccidioidomycosis through multiple mechanisms (2019)

ABSTRACT The thermodimorphic pathogenic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccioidioides lutzii are the etiologic causes of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), an animal β-galactoside-binding protein, modulates important roles during microbial infections, such as triggering a Th2-polarized immune response in PCM. Herein, we demonstrate that Gal-3 also plays other important roles in P. brasiliensis infection. We verified Gal-3 levels are upregulated in human and mice infections and establish that Gal-3 inhibits P. brasiliensis growth by inhibiting budding. Furthermore, Gal-3 affects disruption and internalization of extracellular vesicles (EV) from P. brasiliensis by macrophages. Our results suggest important roles for Gal-3 in P. brasiliensis infection, indicating that increased Gal-3 production during P. brasiliensis infection may account for affecting the fungal growth and EV stability, promoting a benefic course of experimental PCM. IMPORTANCE Paracoccidiodomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Although the immune mechanisms to control PCM are still not fully understood, several events of the host innate and adaptive immunity are crucial to determine the progress of the infection. Mammalian β-galactoside-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays significant roles during microbial infections, and has been studied for its immunomodulatory roles but it can also have direct antimicrobial effects. We asked whether this protein plays a role in P. brasiliensis . We report herein that Gal-3 indeed has direct effects on fungal pathogen, inhibiting fungal growth and reducing extracellular vesicles stability. Our results suggest a direct role for Gal-3 in P. brasiliensis infection, with beneficial effects for the mammalian host.