gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fixed Optical Interconnects For Concurrent Computing Systems (1990)

Concurrent computing systems are effective only if the data rates to and from processing elements are sufficient to keep the processing elements occupied. The inherent parallelism of optics makes it a natural candidate for information transfer while the existing technology of silicon very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits is the most suitable for performing computational tasks. In this paper we present the use of fixed optical interconnects for information transfer in electronic based concurrent computing systems. This capability is based on the development of electrically addressable spatial light modulators (SLM&apos;s) fabricated as part of integrated circuit devices.
Transmission of 112 Gb/s PM-QPSK Signals over 7200 km of Optical Fiber with Very Large Effective Area and Ultra-Low Loss in 100 km Spans with EDFAs Only (2011)

We experimentally investigate transmission of 16×112 Gb/s PM-QPSK signals over an optical fiber with effective area of 134 µm2 and attenuation of 0.162 dB/km. We demonstrate transmission over 7200 km with 100 km span lengths.
Regioselective Inverse Electron Demand Diels−Alder Reactions of N-Acyl 6-Amino-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazines (1998)

The regioselective inverse electron demand Diels−Alder reactions of 6-[(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (2), 6-(acetylamino)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3), and 6-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (4) are disclosed. All three underwent regioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition with electron-rich dienophiles to form the corresponding functionalized 1,2-diazines in excellent yields. An order of reactivity with electron-rich dienophiles was observed with both 2 and 3 being more reactive than 3,6-bis(methylthio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1, i.e. 3 > 2 > 1), and both 3 and 4 were shown to be more robust than 2 at the higher temperatures necessary for [4 + 2] cycloaddition with less reactive dienophiles. The cycloaddition regioselectivity is consistent with the polarization of the diene and the ability of the methylthio group to stabilize a partial negative charge at C-3, and the N-acylamino group to stabilize a partial positive charge at C-6. While intermolecular reactions of unactivated alkynes either did not proceed or required high temperatures and long reaction times, intramolecular Diels−Alder reactions utilizing tethered unactivated acetylenes led to five- and six-membered bicyclic 1,2-diazines under mild conditions.
Ruptured Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation (2019)

Abstract: Ruptured spinal arteriovenous malformations are a rare cause of spinal cord injury. They should be considered especially in the differential diagnosis of younger patients with sudden onset of both severe back pain and neurological deficit. They may present with abrupt onset of hemorrhage, spinal edema and progressive myelopathy, and sudden thrombosis. They may occur in any part of the spinal cord anatomically. The pathophysiology and natural history of these lesions are poorly understood. When feasible, microsurgical resection is the most effective treatment for prevention of further hemorrhage or neurological deficit. In distinction to cerebral arteriovenous malformations, spinal cord malformations can often be treated effectively by pruning the extramedullary vasculature without removing the entire lesion.
A New Simple One-Pot Regioselective Preparation of Mixed Diesters of Carbonic Acid (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA New Simple One-Pot Regioselective Preparation of Mixed Diesters of Carbonic AcidGiorgio Bertolini, Gianfranco Pavich, and Barbara VerganiView Author Information Italfarmaco Research Center, via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 17, 6031–6034Publication Date (Web):July 25, 1998Publication History Received17 February 1998Published online25 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980286ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980286ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Inorganic carbon compounds,Mixtures,Pharmaceuticals,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic SN2′‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Substitution with a Diborylmethane Reagent and Application in Synthesis. (2016)

Abstract The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of compound (XI) which is a precursor in the synthesis of cytotoxic natural product rhopaloic acid A (XII).
Image-guided modified deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) corneal transplant using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (2015)

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is an alternative to full-thickness corneal transplant and has advantages including the absence of allograft rejection; shortened duration of topical corticosteroid treatment and reduced associated risk of glaucoma, cataract, or infection; and enables use of grafts with poor endothelial quality. DALK begins by performing a trephination of approximately 80% stromal thickness, as measured by pachymetry. After removal of the anterior stoma, a needle is inserted into the residual stroma to inject air or viscoelastic to dissect Descemet’s membrane. These procedures are inherently difficult and intraoperative rates of Descemet’s membrane perforation between 4-39% have been reported. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution images of tissue microstructures in the cornea, including Descemet’s membrane, and allows quantitation of corneal layer thicknesses. Here, we use crosssectional intraoperative OCT (iOCT) measurements of corneal thickness during surgery and a novel micrometeradjustable biopsy punch to precision-cut the stroma down to Descemet’s membrane. Our prototype cutting tool allows us to establish a dissection plane at the corneal endothelium interface, mitigates variability in cut-depths as a result of tremor, reduces procedure complexity, and reduces complication rates. iOCT-guided modified DALK procedures were performed on 47 cadaveric porcine eyes by non-experts and achieved a perforation rate of ~5% with a mean corneal dissection time &lt;18 minutes. The procedure was also successful performed on a human donor eye without perforation. Our data shows the potential for iOCT-guided precision anterior segment surgery without variability as a result of tremor and improvements to standard clinical care.
Multiscale Chemical Evolution of Si Electrode upon Cycling in Li-Ion Cell Using Advanced Characterization Tools (2017)

Continuous solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation remains the limiting factor of the lifetime of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) based negative electrodes. Methods that could provide clear diagnosis of the electrode degradation are of utmost necessity to streamline further developments. We show that a combination of selected techniques, such as 7 Li, 19 F MAS NMR, XPS, TOF-SIMS and STEM-EELS, provides an in-depth characterization at different scales of the SEI layer forming on the surface of silicon particles as well as its evolution upon cycling. We demonstrate that STEM-EELS can be used to quickly map SEI components and quantify Li x Si alloys from single experiments with nanoscale resolutions down to 5 nm. Exploiting the low-loss part of the EEL spectrum allowed us to circumvent the degradation phenomena that have so far crippled the application of this technique on such beam-sensitive compounds. Our results provide unprecedented insight into silicon failure mechanisms explored at the nanometer scale in full cell configuration. We observe the morphology of the SEI to be extremely heterogeneous at the particle scale but with clear chemical evolutions with extended cycling coming from both SEI accumulation and a transition from lithium-rich carbonate-like compounds to lithium-poor ones. In addition, we were able to correlate local discrepancies in lithiation to the initial crystallinity of silicon as well as to the local SEI chemistry and morphology. Electrode failure mechanisms at the particle scale were directly observed to be related to SiNP disconnection from both electronic and ionic conduction pathways, creating strong heterogeneous lithiation processes leading to some overlithiated SiNPs. It leads to differential swelling, amplified pulverization and enhanced SEI formation. These findings suggest that capacity retention could be improved through a better control of the nanoscale homogeneity of the electrical wiring and accessibility of porosity in these highly electrolyte-reactive electrodes. Such results emphasize the importance of achieving multiprobe, multiscale and nanoscale analysis by using various advanced characterization tools.
Review: Sperm–oocyte interactions and their implications for bull fertility, with emphasis on the ubiquitin–proteasome system (2018)

Fertilization is an intricate cascade of events that irreversibly alter the participating male and female gamete and ultimately lead to the union of paternal and maternal genomes in the zygote. Fertilization starts with sperm capacitation within the oviductal sperm reservoir, followed by gamete recognition, sperm–zona pellucida interactions and sperm–oolemma adhesion and fusion, followed by sperm incorporation, oocyte activation, pronuclear development and embryo cleavage. At fertilization, bull spermatozoon loses its acrosome and plasma membrane components and contributes chromosomes, centriole, perinuclear theca proteins and regulatory RNAs to the zygote. While also incorporated in oocyte cytoplasm, structures of the sperm tail, including mitochondrial sheath, axoneme, fibrous sheath and outer dense fibers are degraded and recycled. The ability of some of these sperm contributed components to give rise to functional zygotic structures and properly induce embryonic development may vary between bulls, bearing on their reproductive performance, and on the fitness, health, fertility and production traits of their offspring. Proper functioning, recycling and remodeling of gamete structures at fertilization is aided by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), the universal substrate-specific protein recycling pathway present in bovine and other mammalian oocytes and spermatozoa. This review is focused on the aspects of UPS relevant to bovine fertilization and bull fertility.
Reoviruslike Agent in Stools: Association with Infantile Diarrhea and Development of Serologic Tests (1974)

Reoviruslike particles were visualized by electron microscopy in stool filtrates prepared from stools of infants and young children with severe acute gastroenteritis. Patients who had such particles in their stools and whose paired acute and convalescent serums were tested developed an antibody response to the reoviruslike agent, which was measured by immune electron microscopy and by complement fixation. The reoviruslike agent was antigenically related to the epizootic diarrhea of infant mice virus and the Nebraska calf diarrhea virus.
Fibers and Other Aggregates of ω-Substituted Surfactants (1997)

The aggregation in dilute aqueous solutions of several ω-substituted single-chain quaternary ammonium surfactants has been studied by Krafft temperature and critical aggregation/micelle concentration measurements and by cryo-transmission electron microscopy: (16-carboxyhexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (1a); (16-methoxycarbonylhexadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (1b); (17,18-dihydroxyoctadecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (1c). Octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (2) was included for comparison. The aggregation of 1a was also studied by Raman spectroscopy. Surfactant 1a at pH 6.8 forms ribbonlike fibers with lengths of up to 1.2 μm and cross sections of 3−4 nm × 12−16 nm; at pH 2.2, ribbon to rodlike fibers; and at pH 11.5, wormlike aggregates. Surfactants 1b and 1c at pH 6.8 form rod-shaped aggregates. The Raman spectroscopy results indicated that 1a is not in a fully extended conformation within its fibers at pH 6.8. Tentative structural models have been proposed for the aggregates of surfactants 1.
Ultra-High-Resolution Imaging of the Human Brain at 9.4 T Using k-Space Weighted Acquisition (2013)

Imaging with high spatial resolutions suffers from low SNR, long durations and high sensitivity to artifacts. K-space weighted imaging by acquiring a varying number of averages depending on the position in k-space constitutes a means to reduce signal contamination from adjacent voxels as well as to increase the apparent SNR. The resulting advantages are evaluated for high resolution human brain imaging at 9.4 T, yielding a gain in SNR of between 15 % and 28 % compared to conventional 3D GRE. With this technique, it was possible to acquire images from the human brain with voxel volumes of 14 nl.
<title>Multichannel regularized iterative restoration of image sequences</title> (1993)

The recent advances in visual communications make restoration of image sequences an increasingly important problem. In addition, this problem finds applications in other fields such as robot guidance and target tracking. Restoring the individual frames of an image sequence independently is a suboptimal approach because the between frame relations of the image sequence are not explicitly incorporated into the restoration algorithm. In this paper we address this problem by proposing a family of multichannel algorithms that restore the multiple time frames (channels) simultaneously. This is accomplished by using a multichannel regularized formulation in which the regularization operator captures both within and between- frame (channel) properties of the image sequence. More specifically, this operator captures both the spatial within-frame smoothness and the temporal along the direction of the motion between-frame smoothness. We propose a number of different methods to define multichannel regularization operators and a family of algorithms to iteratively obtain the restored images. We also present experiments that demonstrate beyond any doubt that the proposed approach produces significant improvements over traditional independent frame restoration of image sequences.
A sketching interface for articulated figure animation (2006)

We introduce a new interface for rapidly creating 3D articulated figure animation, from 2D sketches of the character in the desired key frame poses. Since the exact 3D animation corresponding to a set of 2D drawings is ambiguous we first reconstruct the possible 3D configurations and then apply a set of constraints and assumptions to present the user with the most likely 3D pose. The user can refine this candidate pose by choosing among alternate poses proposed by the system. This interface is supported by pose reconstruction and optimization methods specifically designed to work with imprecise hand drawn figures. Our system provides a simple, intuitive and fast interface for creating rough animations that leverages our users' existing ability to draw. The resulting key framed sequence can be exported to commercial animation packages for interpolation and additional refinement.
Probing Subtle Changes in Molecular Orientations Using Ambient Electrospray Deposition Raman Spectroscopy (AESD RS) (2020)

Herein, subtle changes in the molecular orientations of different thiols upon interaction with soft-landed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been probed using the technique called ambient electrospray deposition Raman spectroscopy (AESD RS). The method collects real-time surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of analytes as Raman-active AgNPs were electrodeposited on a substrate. We have used p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA), benzenethiol (BT), and cyclohexanethiol (CHT) as proof-of-concept ligands for understanding variations in molecular orientations as a function of time, immediately after 30–40 s of electrospray of AgNPs. During time-dependent SERS measurements, we observed that the carboxylate (COO–) group of p-MBA preferred a flat orientation on the NP surface upon interaction with the electrosprayed AgNPs, which later transformed into a tilted two-legged standing-up orientation. We also observed a concomitant change in the orientation of the phenyl ring, which transformed from tilted to a flat orientation with respect to the NP surface. We have found that the time of tilting depends on the concentration of the analyte used for analysis. Additional information on the orientation flipping of thiols was achieved by performing real-time SERS experiments on other thiol derivatives such as CHT and BT. In the case of BT, SERS intensity variations were similar to p-MBA, which were attributed to the changes in orientation. However, in the case of CHT, such SERS intensity variations were absent. Time-dependent SERS spectra of p-MBA, BT, and CHT suggested that the interaction between the π-cloud of the phenyl ring and AgNPs could be one of the triggering factors for such orientation flipping of thiols on NP surfaces.
Noisy network coding (2010)

A new coding scheme for multicasting multiple sources over a general noisy network is presented. The scheme naturally extends both network coding over noiseless networks by Ahlswede, Cai, Li, and Yeung, and compress-forward coding for the relay channel by Cover-El Gamal to general discrete memoryless and Gaussian networks. The scheme also recovers as special cases the results on coding for wireless relay networks and deterministic networks by Avestimehr, Diggavi, and Tse, and coding for wireless erasure networks by Dana, Gowaikar, Palanki, Hassibi, and Effros. The key idea is to use block Markov message repetition coding and simultaneous decoding. Instead of sending multiple independent messages over several blocks and decoding them sequentially as in previous relaying schemes, the same message is sent multiple times using independent codebooks and the decoder performs joint typicality decoding on the received signals from all the blocks without explicitly decoding the compression indices. New results on semideterministic relay networks and Gaussian networks demonstrate the potential of noisy network coding as a robust and scalable scheme for communication over wireless networks.
Abstract 15914: Development of an Asphyxial Model of Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity in Swine (2017)

Introduction: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is an increasingly prevalent initial rhythm in cardiac arrest, particularly with in-hospital respiratory arrests. Pseudo-PEA (p-PEA), which often p...
Lights and Shadows of the Actual European Guidelines on Bioanalytical Method Validation (2014)

Recently, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has released new guidelines on the validation of bioanalytical methods. In this work, we compared the analytical performance of 2 high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry methods designed for the quantification of the antiretroviral drug raltegravir (RAL) that fully accomplish the criteria according to the new EMA guidelines.The first method was developed with the goal of separating RAL from its main metabolite, whereas in the second method, we deliberately did not discriminate the parent drug from its metabolite. After validation, both methods were used for the quantification of plasma samples from HIV-infected patients on RAL-based maintenance antiretroviral therapy.Incurred reanalysis of samples obtained from patients receiving RAL as therapy evidenced optimal performance for both methods. Similarly, the comparison of both methods performed by the Deming test showed that they correlate significantly with each other (Pearson coefficient of regression 0.97, P < 0.0001) with no significant deviation from linearity according to the Cusum test. The Bland-Altman test, however, showed a mean difference between the 2 methods of 54.1% (limits of agreements of ±1.96 SD ranged from -163.3% to +271.5%). Such differences were significantly affected by interindividual variations in the production of RAL metabolites.We conclude that the recently released EMA guidelines on bioanalytical method validation present some limitations related to the process of method development. To have confidence in the drug-concentration measurements, laboratories must demonstrate their performance through the participation in international proficiency testing schemes that must include patient samples.
How are you?: Introducing stress-based text tailoring (2020)

Can stress affect not only your life but also how you read and interpret a text? Healthcare has shown evidence of such dynamics and in this short paper we discuss customising texts based on user stress level, as it could represent a critical factor when it comes to user engagement and behavioural change. We first show a real-world example in which user behaviour is influenced by stress, then, after discussing which tools can be employed to assess and measure it, we propose an initial method for tailoring the document by exploiting complexity reduction and affect enforcement. The result is a short and encouraging text which requires less commitment to be read and understood. We believe this work in progress can raise some interesting questions on a topic that is often overlooked in NLG.
The Nature of Age-Related Differences in Knee Function during Walking: Implication for the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis (2016)

It appears there are changes in knee kinematics that occur with aging. The kinematic differences were identified for middle-aged as well as older adults suggesting midlife changes in neuromuscular physiology or behavior may have important consequences. These kinematic measures offer the potential to identify early markers for the risk of developing knee OA with aging.
A high speed Mach-Zehnder silicon evanescent modulator using capacitively loaded traveling wave electrode (2009)

We demonstrate a traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder silicon evanescent modulator that implements a slotline design for the electrodes. The device has a modulation efficiency of 1.6 V-mm and modulation bandwidth of 20 GHz.