gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber-Optic Biosensor Employing Alexa-Fluor Conjugated Antibody for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Ground Beef in Four Hours (2006)

Fiber optic biosensor has a great potential to meet the need for rapid, sensitive,and real-time microbial detection systems. We developed an antibody-based fiber-opticbiosensor to rapidly detect low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in ground beef. Theprinciple of the sensor is a sandwich immunoassay using an antibody which is specific forE. coli O157:H7. A polyclonal antibody was first immobilized on polystyrene fiberwaveguides through a biotin-streptavidin reaction that served as a capture antibody. AnAlexa Fluor 647 dye-labeled antibody to E. coli O157:H7 was used to detect cells andgenerate a specific fluorescent signal, which was acquired by launching a 635 nm laser-lightfrom an Analyte-2000. Fluorescent molecules within several hundred nanometers of thefiber were excited by an evanescent wave, and a portion of the emission light fromfluorescent dye transmitted by the fiber and collected by a photodetector at wavelengths of670 to 710 nm quantitatively. This immunosensor was specific for E. coli O157:H7compared with multiple other foodborne bacteria. In addition, the biosensor was able todetect as low as 103 CFU/ml pure cultured E. coli O157:H7 cells grown in culture broth.Artificially inoculated E. coli O157:H7 at concentration of 1 CFU/ml in ground beef couldbe detected by this method after only 4 hours of enrichment.
Semen traits and fertility of white leghorn males shown to be positive or negative for lymphoid leukosis virus in semen and feather pulp (1988)

1. Males from strains selected for high egg production (and other economic traits) and from unselected control strains were used to determine the frequency of shedding of lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV) into semen. The effect of the male's LLV status on semen production, fertility and hatchability was also examined in males of the unselected control strains. 2. The frequency of detection of exogenous LLV in semen by the phenotypic mixing test, and high concentrations of the viral group specific antigen in feather pulp by the complement fixation test, were both higher in control strains than in strains selected for high egg production. 3. Semen production was not reduced in LLV-shedding males. 4. Significant associations of LLV shedding with higher incidence of abnormal spermatozoa and reduced fertility were found in some populations but not in others. No significant effect of LLV shedding on hatchability was detected. 5. Tests for group specific antigen in feather pulp proved useful in identifying males that shed LLV in semen.
Abstract A35: Biomarker Strategy To Guide Clinical Development Of ImmTAC™ molecules , A Novel Class Of Bispecific T Cell Engaging Biologic Drugs (2017)

Abstract IMCgp100, a first in class immunotherapy, is a T cell redirecting bispecific biologic comprising an affinity enhanced T-cell receptor specific for gp100 and an anti-CD3 scFV. Phase I/IIa data supported a favourable safety profile and durable responses in cutaneous and uveal melanoma (CM and UM) were observed. To complement the clinical studies we have developed a comprehensive biomarker strategy, which includes analysis of markers in both the tumour and periphery, to aid our understanding of pharmacodynamics, patient response and potential mechanisms of resistance. The data obtained provide evidence of the pharmacodynamic effects of chemokine/cytokine release, in both the tumor and periphery, and lymphocyte infiltration into tumors over 2 days post dose. Changes in the levels of certain chemokines following the first dose of IMCgp100 were associated with tumor shrinkage. In addition, biological differences in marker responses were also seen between CM and UM patients. The biomarker strategy developed forms the basis for the on-going Ph II development of IMCgp100 in CM and UM and for other ImmTAC molecules, both as single agents and in combination, for the treatment of solid tumours. Citation Format: Cheryl McAlpine, Sandra Herrero Gonzalez, Lindsay Bawden, David Krige, William Shingler, Andy Johnson, Sanjay Patel, Debbie Parker, Christina M. Coughlin, Namir J. Hassan, Bent K. Jakobsen. Biomarker Strategy To Guide Clinical Development Of ImmTAC™ molecules , A Novel Class Of Bispecific T Cell Engaging Biologic Drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A35.
Data from Targeting Activated Akt with GDC-0068, a Novel Selective Akt Inhibitor That Is Efficacious in Multiple Tumor Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; We describe the preclinical pharmacology and antitumor activity of GDC-0068, a novel highly selective ATP-competitive pan-Akt inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of human cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The effect of GDC-0068 on Akt signaling was characterized using specific biomarkers of the Akt pathway, and response to GDC-0068 was evaluated in human cancer cell lines and xenograft models with various genetic backgrounds, either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; GDC-0068 blocked Akt signaling both in cultured human cancer cell lines and in tumor xenograft models as evidenced by dose-dependent decrease in phosphorylation of downstream targets. Inhibition of Akt activity by GDC-0068 resulted in blockade of cell-cycle progression and reduced viability of cancer cell lines. Markers of Akt activation, including high-basal phospho-Akt levels, PTEN loss, and PIK3CA kinase domain mutations, correlate with sensitivity to GDC-0068. Isogenic PTEN knockout also sensitized MCF10A cells to GDC-0068. In multiple tumor xenograft models, oral administration of GDC-0068 resulted in antitumor activity ranging from tumor growth delay to regression. Consistent with the role of Akt in a survival pathway, GDC-0068 also enhanced antitumor activity of classic chemotherapeutic agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; GDC-0068 is a highly selective, orally bioavailable Akt kinase inhibitor that shows pharmacodynamic inhibition of Akt signaling and robust antitumor activity in human cancer cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Our preclinical data provide a strong mechanistic rationale to evaluate GDC-0068 in cancers with activated Akt signaling. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(7); 1760–72. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Tracking system with PCM laser for space control applications (2003)

Effective operation of a space control system requires extremely accurate acquisition, tracking, pointing and discrimination (ATPD) capabilities, and should provide the ability to disrupt or degrade an adversary space operations if needed. We present a laser based system concept that will offer an innovative solutions to satisfy many space control mission needs. A long-range adaptive laser tracking system (ALTS) described here will provide the required capabilities in target tracking and characterization. It is based on an approach that uses the target as one of the mirrors of the laser resonator. Then, due to specificity of laser, the parameters of its emission allow for deriving the complete information on spatial-angular position of the target, its range, velocity, and flight direction. In this paper we discuss the architecture and operational principles of the ALTS capable in performing the required ATPD function for a remote target. A double-cavity laser scheme with its resonators coupled through the phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) is at the heart of the system. Four-wave mixing mechanism is applied here to form the PCM. Such a scheme allows for automatic adaptive operation of the laser with movable mirror. Both, the results of the theoretical analysis and experimental studies of the proposed ALTS system will be presented, as well as the methods of detecting the spatial-temporal characteristics of the target (its position, range, velocity) through analysis of the received signal. In addition the perspectives of using the proposed ALTS for remote target imaging are also discussed.
Ligand oligomerization state controls Tie2 receptor trafficking and Angiopoietin-2 ligand-specific responses (2012)

Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) is an activating ligand for the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2, whereas Ang2 acts as a context-dependent agonist or antagonist that has a destabilizing effect on the vasculature. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the versatile functions of Ang2 are poorly understood. We show here that Ang2, but not Ang1, induces Tie2 translocation to the specific cell-matrix contact sites located at the distal end of focal adhesions. The Ang2-specific Tie2 translocation was associated with distinct Tie2 activation and downstream signals which differed from those of Ang1, and led to impaired cell motility and weak cell-matrix adhesion. We demonstrate that the different oligomeric or multimeric forms of the angiopoietins induce distinct patterns of Tie2 trafficking; the lower oligomerization state of native Ang2 was crucial for the Ang2-specific Tie2 redistribution, whereas multimeric structures of Ang1 and Ang2 induced similar responses. The Ang2-specific Tie2 trafficking to cell-matrix contacts was also dependent on the cell substratum, α2β1-integrin-containing cell-matrix adhesion sites and intact microtubules. Our data indicate that the different subcellular trafficking of Tie2-Ang2 and Tie2-Ang1 complexes generates ligand-specific responses in the angiopoietin-Tie signaling pathway, including modulation of cell-matrix interactions.
Freshmen can do rigorous open-ended design (2002)

The College of Engineering at West Virginia University is experimenting with a new approach to freshmen engineering courses. These courses are based on engineering design projects, but the focus is on integrating math and science course material into the design project. Thus, to do the design, students are asked to utilize math and science principles from their courses via models for the design object. The results of the student designs indicate that mathematically rigorous and scientifically sound designs can be accomplished by freshmen students. Many of the freshmen designs rival upper class designs for similar projects.
ALD Resist Formed by Vapor-Deposited Self-Assembled Monolayers (2006)

A new process of applying molecular resists to block HfO2 and Pt atomic layer deposition has been investigated. Monolayer films are formed from octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) or tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) and water vapor on native silicon oxide surfaces and from 1-octadecene on hydrogen-passivated silicon surfaces through a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data indicates that surfaces blocked by these monolayer resists can prevent atomic layer deposition of both HfO2 and Pt successfully. Time-dependent studies show that the ODTS monolayers continue to improve in blocking ability for as long as 48 h of formation time, and infrared spectroscopy measurements confirm an evolution of packing order over these time scales.
Adaptive Clock Management of HLS-generated Circuits on FPGAs (2022)

In this article, we present Syncopation , a performance-boosting fine-grained timing analysis and adaptive clock management technique for High-Level Synthesis-generated circuits implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays. The key idea is to use the HLS scheduling information along with the placement and routing results to determine the worst-case timing path for individual clock cycles. By adjusting the clock period on a cycle-by-cycle basis, we can increase performance of an HLS-generated circuit. Our experiments show that Syncopation improves performance by 3.2% (geomean) across all benchmarks (up to 47%). In addition, by employing targeted synthesis techniques along with Syncopation, we can achieve 10.3% performance improvement (geomean) across all benchmarks (up to 50%). Syncopation instrumentation is implemented entirely in soft logic without requiring alterations to the HLS-synthesis toolchain or changes to the FPGA, and has been validated on real hardware.
Transparent polycrystalline Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 ceramics (2018)

Abstract We have successfully developed transparent polycrystalline Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 ceramics with high in‐line transparency. A sol–gel process was used to synthesize the Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 powder. Simultaneous thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) was used to identify the decomposition sequence as a function of temperature for the as‐synthesized sol–gel powders. The calcined powder is single phase and was formed with an estimated average particle size of 120 nm. Crystallization was confirmed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and a single phase was achieved by calcining at 1000°C. The calcined powders were hot‐pressed at 1500°C to achieve &gt;95% theoretical density with closed pore structure followed by a hot isostatic pressing at 1500°C at 207 MPa to achieve a fully dense structure. Microstructural characterization shows a uniform grain size distribution with an average grain size of about 11 μm. In‐line transmission measurements revealed high transparency in the red and infrared. Dielectric properties remain stable with relative permittivity values around 180 and loss tangents less than 0.005 up to 350°C. Thermal conductivity was measured to be ~1.8 W/m°K at room temperature, decreasing to ~1.5 W/m°K by 500°C.
Sialic acid-to-urea ratio as a measure of airway surface hydration (2017)

Although airway mucus dehydration is key to pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) and other airways diseases, measuring mucus hydration is challenging. We explored a robust method to estimate mucus hydration using sialic acid as a marker for mucin content. Terminal sialic acid residues from mucins were cleaved by acid hydrolysis from airway samples, and concentrations of sialic acid, urea, and other biomarkers were analyzed by mass spectrometry. In mucins purified from human airway epithelial (HAE), sialic acid concentrations after acid hydrolysis correlated with mucin concentrations (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.92). Sialic acid-to-urea ratios measured from filters applied to the apical surface of cultured HAE correlated to percent solids and were elevated in samples from CF HAEs relative to controls (2.2 ± 1.1 vs. 0.93 ± 1.8, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Sialic acid-to-urea ratios were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from β-epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) transgenic mice, known to have reduced mucus hydration, and mice sensitized to house dust mite allergen. In a translational application, elevated sialic acid-to-urea ratios were measured in BALF from young children with CF who had airway infection relative to those who did not (5.5 ± 3.7 vs. 1.9 ± 1.4, <i>P</i> < 0.02) and could be assessed simultaneously with established biomarkers of inflammation. The sialic acid-to-urea ratio performed similarly to percent solids, the gold standard measure of mucus hydration. The method proved robust and has potential to serve as flexible techniques to assess mucin hydration, particularly in samples like BALF in which established methods such as percent solids cannot be utilized.
I Missaglia: armaioli del secolo XV (2007)

Although current anti-cancer protocols are reasonably effective, treatment-associated long-term side effects, induced by lack of specificity of the anti-cancer procedures, remain a challenging problem in pediatric oncology. TAT-RasGAP317-326 is a RasGAP-derived cell-permeable peptide that acts as a sensitizer to various anti-cancer treatments in adult tumor cells. In the present study, we assessed the effect of TAT-RasGAP317-326 in several childhood cancer cell lines. The RasGAP-derived peptide-induced cell death was analyzed in several neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma and leukemia cell lines (as well as in normal lymphocytes). Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry methods in the absence or in the presence of the peptide in combination with various genotoxins used in the clinics (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, etoposide, vincristine and doxorubicin). All tested pediatric tumors, in response to at least one genotoxin, were sensitized by TAT-RasGAP317-326. The RasGAP-derived peptide did not increase cell death of normal lymphocytes, alone or in combination with the majority of the tested chemotherapies. Consequently, TAT-RasGAP317-326 may benefit children with tumors by increasing the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies notably by allowing reductions in anti-cancer drug dosage and the associated drug-induced side effects.
Controlled Fluorescent Labelling of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Artefact-free Live Cell Microscopy (2021)

Abstract Nanotechnologies hold great promise for various applications. To predict and guarantee the safety of novel nanomaterials, it is essential to understand their mechanism of action in an organism, causally connecting adverse outcomes with early molecular events. They are best investigated using non-invasive advanced optical methods, such as high-resolution live-cell fluorescence microscopy, which require stable labelling of nanoparticles with fluorescent dyes. When performed inadequately, unbound fluorophores and inadvertently altered chemical and physical properties of the nanoparticles can, however, result in experimental artefacts and erroneous conclusions. To prevent such unintentional errors, we here describe a minimal combination of experimental methods to enable artefact-free fluorescent labelling of metal-oxide nanoparticles – the largest subpopulation of nanoparticles by industrial production and applications – and demonstrate its application in the case of TiO 2 nanotubes. We 1) characterize potential changes of the nanoparticles’ surface charge and morphology that might occur during labelling, and 2) assess stable binding of the fluorescent dye to nanomaterial, which ensures correct nanoparticle localization. Together, these steps warrant the reliability and reproducibility of advanced optical tracking, which is necessary to explore nanomaterials’ mechanism of action and will foster widespread and safe use of new nanomaterials. Abstract Figure
Predictivity of the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA) for sensitizer potency assessment and subclassification_suppl1 (2020)

Several in vitro OECD test guidelines address key events 1-3 of the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization, but none are validated for sensitizer potency assessment. The reaction of sensitizing molecules with skin proteins is the molecular initiating event and appears to be rate-limiting, as chemical reactivity strongly correlates with sensitizer potency. The kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA), a modification of the DPRA (OECD TG 442C), allows derivation of rate constants of the depletion of the cysteine-containing model peptide upon reaction with the test item. Its reproducibility was demonstrated in an inter-laboratory study. Here, we present a database of rate constants, expressed as log kmax, for 180 chemicals to define the prediction threshold to identify strong sensitizers (classified as GHS 1A). A threshold of log kmax -2 offers a balanced accuracy of 85% for predicting GHS 1A sensitizers according to the local lymph node assay. The kDPRA is proposed as a stand-alone assay for identification of GHS 1A sensitizers among chemicals identified as sensitizers by other tests or defined approaches. It may also be used for the prediction of sensitizer potency on a continuous scale, ideally in combination with continuous parameters from other in vitro assays. We show how the rate constant could be combined with read-outs of other in vitro assays in a defined approach. A decision model based on log kmax alone has, however, a high predictivity and can be used as stand-alone model for identification of GHS 1A sensitizers among chemicals predicted as sensitizers.
Comparison of strand-specific transcriptomes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933 (EHEC) under eleven different environmental conditions including radish sprouts and cattle feces (2014)

Since only a minority of genes (2.7%) were not active under any condition tested (null reads), we suggest that the assumption of significant genome over-annotations is wrong. Environmental transcriptomics uncovered hitherto unknown gene functions and unique regulatory patterns in EHEC. For instance, the environmental function of azoR had been elusive, but this gene is highly active on radish sprouts. Thus, NGS-transcriptomics is an appropriate technique to propose new roles of hypothetical genes and to guide future research.
SLM, a framework for session layer mobility management (2003)

This paper describes a novel framework for managing connections to mobile hosts in the Internet. The framework, SLM, integrates the notions of quality of service management and mobility management and forms a base for overall session management. We compare SLM with the currently most widely adopted mobility management framework, Mobile IP, and show how some of Mobile IP's deficiencies are overcome. The paper further presents some initial experimental results and future research.
Design and synthesis of new ferroelectric liquid crystals. 2. Liquid crystals containing a nonracemic 2,3-epoxy alcohol unit (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and synthesis of new ferroelectric liquid crystals. 2. Liquid crystals containing a nonracemic 2,3-epoxy alcohol unitDavid M. Walba, Rohini T. Vohra, Noel A. Clark, Mark A. Handschy, Jiuzhi. Xue, Devendra S. Parmar, Sven T. Lagerwall, and Kent. SkarpCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 23, 7424–7425Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00283a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00283a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From the President: Can You Imagine? (2023)

Can you imagine a world where fertilizer production is thoroughly sustainable and recycled, thus enabling global food access that meets population growth? Where waste is considered a resource and has value; where buildings monitor air and water to keep us safe; where pathogen-destroying coatings are integrated into fabrics and clothing; where sensors are noninvasive, continuously monitoring our health while personalizing and advancing medicine and treatment; where plastics are upcycled; where the manufacture of chemicals and materials is decarbonized, distributed, circular, modular, with a small footprint and multiple processing steps integrated into a single unit that implements alternative energy sources… Can you imagine?