gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Poisson–Gaussian Process Model for Popularity Learning in Edge-Caching Networks (2019)

Edge-caching is recognized as an efficient technique for future cellular networks to improve network capacity and user-perceived quality of experience. To enhance the performance of caching systems, designing an accurate content request prediction algorithm plays an important role. In this paper, we develop a flexible model, a Poisson regressor based on a Gaussian process (GP), for the content request distribution. The first important advantage of the proposed model is that it encourages the already existing or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">seen</i> contents with similar features to be correlated in the feature space and therefore it acts as a regularizer for the estimation. Second, it allows predicting the popularities of newly-added or <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">unseen</i> contents, whose statistical data is not available in advance. In order to learn the model parameters that yield the Poisson arrival rates or alternatively the content <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">popularities</i> , we invoke the Bayesian approach that is robust against over-fitting. However, the resulting posterior distribution is analytically intractable to compute. To tackle this, we apply a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to approximate this distribution, which is also asymptotically exact. Nevertheless, the MCMC is computationally demanding, especially when the number of contents is large. Thus, we employ the variational Bayes (VB) method as an alternative low-complexity solution. More specifically, the VB method addresses the approximation of the posterior distribution through an optimization problem. Subsequently, we present a fast block-coordinate descent algorithm to solve this optimization problem. Finally, extensive simulation results both on synthetic and real-world datasets are provided to show the accuracy of our prediction algorithm and the cache hit ratio (CHR) gain compared to existing methods in this paper.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alkylaminoacids and Their Derivatives Interact with Melanocortin Receptors (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Image-Guided Spinal Navigation (2003)

Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: Describe the principles of image-guided spinal navigation. Identify the clinical applications of image-guided spinal navigation. Describe the advantages of image-guided technology compared with conventional intraoperative imaging techniques.
Supplementary Material Legend from Enrichment of PI3K-AKT–mTOR Pathway Activation in Hepatic Metastases from Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary material legend&lt;/p&gt;
Regulatory Role of Nano-Curcumin against Tartrazine-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis-Related Genes Expression, and Genotoxicity in Rats (2020)

The present study evaluates the regulatory effect of Nano-Curcumin (Nano-CUR) against tartrazine (TZ)-induced injuries on apoptosis-related gene expression (i.e., p<sup>53</sup>, CASP-3 and CASP-9), antioxidant status, and DNA damages in bone marrow in treated rats. Male rats were arbitrarily separated into five groups, and each group was comprised of 10 rats each. The 1st group served as control (G1). The 2nd group ingested 7.5 mg TZ/kg. b.w. (body weight). The 3rd group ingested Nano-CUR 1 g/kg b.w. The 4th and 5th groups were respectively administered with (1 g Nano-CUR + 7.5 mg TZ/kg. b.w.) and (2 g Nano-CUR + 7.5 mg TZ/kg. b.w.). At the end of the experiment, blood samples, livers, and kidneys were collected. Livers and kidneys were homogenized and used for the analysis of reduced glutathione, malonaldhyde, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxide antioxidant enzyme activities, apoptosis-related gene expression, and genotoxicity by comit test. The ingestion of TZ for 50 days resulted in significant decreases in body, and kidney weights in rats and a relative increase in the liver weight compared to control. In contrast, the ingestion of Nano-CUR with TZ remarkably upgraded the body weight and relative liver weight compared to the normal range in the control. Aditionally, TZ ingestion in rats increased the oxidative stress biomarkers lipid peroxide (LPO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) significantly, whereas it decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Similarly, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) significantly deteriorated in response to TZ ingestion. Moreover, the results revealed a remarkable up-regulation in the level of expression for the three examined genes, including p<sup>53</sup>, CASP-3, and CASP-9 in TZ-ingested rats compared to the control. On the other hand, the comet assay result indicates that the ingestion of TZ induced DNA damage in bone marrow. Notably, the administration of Nano-CUR protected the kidney and liver of TZ-ingested rats as evidenced by a significant elevation in all antioxidant activities of tested enzymes (i.e, SOD, GPx, and CAT), vital recovery in GSH and TAC levels, and a statistical decrease in LPO and MDA compared to TZ-ingested rats. Interestingly, the ingestion of rats with TZ modulates the observed up-regulation in the level of expression for the chosen genes, indicating the interfering role in the signaling transduction process of TZ-mediated poisoning. The results indicate that the administration of Nano-CUR may protect against TZ-induced DNA damage in bone marrow. According to the results, Nano-CUR exerted a potential protective effect against oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes induced by TZ ingested to rats.
Round Trip Time for Control Channel Multiplexing Using In-Band Full Duplex with Synchronous Orthogonal Sequence Assignment (2021)

This paper proposes a Layer 1 (L1) control channel (CC) multiplexing scheme using in-band full duplex (FD) with synchronous orthogonal sequence assignment in the downlink and uplink to shorten the round trip time (RTT) due to hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). We describe the proposed L1 CC multiplexing scheme employing in-band FD associated with a cyclic-shifted Zadoff-Chu sequence and block spreading for synchronous orthogonal sequence assignments. We show the supported coverage area where the L1 CC multiplexing using in-band FD is available for various subcarrier spacings (SCSs). Finally, we show that the proposed L1 CC multiplexing scheme using in-band FD reduces the RTT due to HARQ compared to that for half duplex (HD) time division duplex (TDD) based CC multiplexing for various SCSs and slot assignments of data channels in HD TDD.
Thermal Responsiveness of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐Coenzyme‐A Reductase and Acetyl‐Coenzyme‐A Carboxylase in Neoplastic Guinea Pig Lymphocytes (L2C) (1979)

Hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, rate‐limiting enzymes of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, respectively, do not show equivalent thermal responsiveness in leukemic L 2 C guinea‐pig lymphocytes. Both enzymes exhibit Arrhenius plots characteristic of membrane‐association but hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase yields a single slope, compared with three slopes, crossing at 24°C and 12°C for acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. Preincubation with phosphatidylcholine liposomes before enzyme assay does not modify the thermal behavior of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase but introduces a discontinuity at 24 C in the Arrhenius diagramin of hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase, conferring to this enzyme an activation energy close to that of normal cells. The Arrhenius plot for fatty acid biosynthesis in L 2 C cells parallels the thermotropism of the acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, with two discontinuities at 25 and 15 °C. However, cholesterol biosynthesis shows a discontinuity at 24.6 °C, whereas hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase activity does not. The different thermal behavior of hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase is discussed in terms of lipid heterogeneities in membrane enzyme environments, i.e. enzyme localization in dissimilar lipid domains. We propose several hypotheses to account for the lack of correlation between the thermotropic responses of hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase activity and of cholesterol biosynthesis in L 2 C cells.
Energy management of electrified mass transit systems with Energy Storage devices (2012)

In the paper a methodology for optimal controlling storage devices at the aim of improving the performances of an electrified mass transit system is proposed. A rational procedure is arranged for counteracting the unavoidable stochastic variables involved in the description of the characteristics of this complex system. The core of the control procedure is based upon an optimization technique which should result particularly effective where plant parameters exhibit random behavior. The potentiality of the procedure is shown with reference to the reduction of the network power fluctuations. In this case the control law can be expressed in an analytical way in terms of power mean value over the interest time cycle. Kalman filter is employed to dynamically estimate the mean value of the total required power. A numerical application is reported so to demonstrate the feasibility and the goodness of the proposed control strategy.
Clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing-based multi-cancer early detection “liquid biopsy” blood test in over 1,000 dogs using an independent testing set: The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study (2022)

Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, yet there are no established screening paradigms for early detection. Liquid biopsy methods that interrogate cancer-derived genomic alterations in cell-free DNA in blood are being adopted for multi-cancer early detection in human medicine and are now available for veterinary use. The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study is an international, multi-center clinical study designed to validate the performance of a novel multi-cancer early detection “liquid biopsy” test developed for noninvasive detection and characterization of cancer in dogs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of blood-derived DNA; study results are reported here. In total, 1,358 cancer-diagnosed and presumably cancer-free dogs were enrolled in the study, representing the range of breeds, weights, ages, and cancer types seen in routine clinical practice; 1,100 subjects met inclusion criteria for analysis and were used in the validation of the test. Overall, the liquid biopsy test demonstrated a 54.7% (95% CI: 49.3–60.0%) sensitivity and a 98.5% (95% CI: 97.0–99.3%) specificity. For three of the most aggressive canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma), the detection rate was 85.4% (95% CI: 78.4–90.9%); and for eight of the most common canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, mast cell tumor, mammary gland carcinoma, anal sac adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma), the detection rate was 61.9% (95% CI: 55.3–68.1%). The test detected cancer signal in patients representing 30 distinct cancer types and provided a Cancer Signal Origin prediction for a subset of patients with hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the test accurately detected cancer signal in four presumably cancer-free subjects before the onset of clinical signs, further supporting the utility of liquid biopsy as an early detection test. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that NGS-based liquid biopsy can offer a novel option for noninvasive multi-cancer detection in dogs.
Energy Storage Mechanisms in High-Capacity Graphitic C3N4 Cathodes for Al-Ion Batteries (2020)

Al-ion batteries are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of the unique advantages of the Al anode, such as low cost and high specific capacities. Cathodes developed for these batteries, however, suffer from various problems, which include low discharge voltages with rapid capacity fade (e.g., V2O5) and unclear speciation of the Al intercalation mechanism with insufficient capacity (e.g., graphite). The lack of ideal cathode materials is currently a major challenge for Al-ion batteries. Here, a high-capacity layered organic cathode composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is developed for Al-ion batteries. Full cells constructed using g-C3N4 paired with an Al metal in an AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl electrolyte showed an open-circuit potential of 1.9 V and a capacity of 90 mAh/g cycled at 0.1 C. This battery also exhibits a stable capacity of 75 mAh/g cycled at 0.2 C in a long-term test (500 cycles). The data show that the layered porous structure of the organic cathode material facilitates a reversible deintercalation of [AlCl4]− anions, substituting them for Cl– in a more oxidized form of the g-C3N4. The data further illustrate that the anion shuttle is associated with a conversion between N and N+· states at the tertiary N(C)3 positions of the g-C3N4 structure.
Global experience in cervical carotid artery stent placement (2000)

The purpose of this article is to review and update the current status of carotid artery stent placement in the world. Surveys to major interventional centers in Europe, North and South America, and Asia were initially completed in June 1997. Subsequent information from these 24 centers in addition to 12 new centers has been obtained to update the information. The survey asked the various questions regarding the patients enrolled, procedure techniques, and results of carotid stenting, including complications and restenosis. The total number of endovascular carotid stent procedures that have been performed worldwide to date included 5,210 procedures involving 4,757 patients. There was a technical success of 98.4% with 5,129 carotid arteries treated. Complications that occurred during the carotid stent placement or within a 30-day period following placement were recorded. Overall, there were 134 transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) for a rate of 2.82%. Based on the total patient population, there were 129 minor strokes with a rate of occurrence of 2.72%. The total number of major strokes was 71 for a rate of 1.49%. There were 41 deaths within a 30-day postprocedure period resulting in a mortality rate of 0.86%. The combined minor and major strokes and procedure-related death rate was 5.07%. Restenosis rates of carotid stenting have been 1.99% and 3.46% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The rate of neurologic events after stent placement has been 1.42% at 6-12-month follow-up. Endovascular stent treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is growing as an alternative for vascular surgery, especially for patients that are high risk for standard carotid endarterectomy. The periprocedure risks for major and minor strokes and death are generally acceptable at this early stage of development and have not changed significantly since the first survey results. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 50:160-167, 2000.
Reversible oxygen binding by the complex of poly(2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole) and heme in cold aqueous media (1984)

Poly(2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole), molecular weight > 104, forms a stable five-co-ordinated complex with heme in aqueous ethylene glycol solution. This complex gave an oxygen adduct at –30 °C, whereas an irreversible oxidation was observed for low-molecular-weight heme complexes with 2-methyl-imidazoles and for the six-co-ordinated heme complex with poly(1-vinylimidazole). Oxygenation was also observed for heme complexes with copolymers of 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole but not for those with ionic copolymers. The lifetime of the oxygen adduct decreased with increasing hydrogen-ion concentration and upon adding alcohol or urea. Oxygen-binding and -dissociation rate constants and oxygen-binding equilibrium constants were also measured in cold aqueous media.
A CMOS-based multichip flexible retinal stimulator for simultaneous multi-site stimulation (2010)

We developed a novel CMOS-based multichip flexible neural stimulator with on-chip stimulation generator. It enables simultaneous multi-site stimulation. We also propose a new type of multi-chip retinal stimulator with single electrode / unit chip configuration. We successfully performed simultaneous multi-site stimulation in an in vivo retinal stimulation experiment using a rabbit.
Two Separate Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Proteins Regulate Transcription of the Serine Proteinase Inhibitor-3 Gene in Hepatic Cells (1996)

The serine proteinase inhibitor (SPI-3) gene expression is transcriptionally regulated by interleukin (IL)-6 and glucocorticoids in hepatic cells. To identify the transcription factors involved in regulation of the SPI-3 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs we overexpressed Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, and STAT6) and CAAT enhancer-binding protein beta. Specific signaling pathways were activated by cointroduced receptors for growth hormone, IL-3, IL-4, or chimeric receptors containing the cytoplasmic domain of gp130. STAT3 and STAT5B induced transcription via the SPI-3 promoter. The STAT5B response was substantially enhanced by truncation of the 5'-flanking region from -1021 to -148. The responsiveness to STAT3 and STAT5B required the STAT binding element at -132 to -124. This element was sufficient to confer regulation onto a heterologous promoter gene construct. In contrast, overexpression of CAAT enhancer-binding protein beta reduced the transcriptional activity of the SPI-3 promoter, presumably by interfering with STAT protein binding to the promoter element. The SPI-3 gene is the first example of an acute phase gene that is responsive to both STAT3 and STAT5B.
On Using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation for Learning to Rank, and the Empirical Optimality of LambdaRank (2007)

One shortfall of existing machine learning (ML) methods when applied to information retrieval (IR) is the inability to directly optimize for typical IR performance measures. This is in part due to the discrete nature, and thus non-differentiability, of these measures. When cast as an optimization problem, many methods require computing the gradient. In this paper, we explore conditions where the gradient might be numerically estimated. We use Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation as our gradient approximation method. We also examine the empirical optimality of LambdaRank, which has performed very well in practice. 1
Amplitude Quantization for Type-2 Codebook Based CSI Feedback in New Radio System (2018)

In 3GPP new radio system, two types of codebook, namely Type-1 and Type-2 codebook, have been standardized for the channel state information (CSI) feedback in the support of advanced MIMO operation. Both types of codebook are constructed from 2-D DFT based grid of beams, and enable the CSI feedback of beam selection as well as PSK based co-phase combining between two polarizations. Moreover, Type-2 codebook based CSI feedback reports the wideband and subband amplitude information of the selected beams. As a result, it is envisioned that more accurate CSI shall be obtained from the Type-2 codebook based CSI feedback so that better precoded MIMO transmission can be employed by the network. To reduce the CSI feedback signaling, 1 bit based subband amplitude with only two quantization levels is supported in combination to 3 bits based wideband amplitude feedback. Typically, wideband amplitude shall be calculated as the linear average amplitude of the beam over all subbands. However, due to the coarse subband amplitude quantization, it has been observed in case of joint wideband and subband amplitude feedback, the average based wideband amplitude can lead to a large amplitude quantization errors. In this paper, we study two methods for joint wideband and subband amplitude calculations. Specifically, both optimal and sub-optimal methods are proposed. The optimal method can achieve the minimum amplitude quantization errors at the cost of a relatively large computation complexity. And by virtue of a derived scaling factor, the sub-optimal method exhibits clearly smaller quantization error than the conventional linear average based method especially for the channel with large frequency selectivity.
PbS Nanocrystal Emission Is Governed by Multiple Emissive States (2016)

Lead chalcogenide colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials for solution processable optoelectronics. However, there is little agreement on the identity and character of PbS NC emission for different degrees of quantum confinement-a critical parameter for realizing applications for these nanocrystals. In this work, we combine ensemble and single NC spectroscopies to interrogate preparations of lead sulfide NCs. We use solution photon correlation Fourier spectroscopy (S-PCFS) to measure the average single NC linewidth of near-infrared-emitting PbS quantum dots and find it to be dominated by homogeneous broadening. We further characterize PbS NCs using temperature-dependent linear and time-resolved emission spectroscopy which demonstrate that a kinetically accessed defect state dominates room temperature emission of highly confined emitting NCs. These experiments, taken together, demonstrate that the linewidth and Stokes shift of PbS NCs are the result of emission from two states: a thermally accessed defect-with an energetically pinned charge carrier-and an inhomogeneously broadened band-edge state.
ESD ballasting of Ge FinFET ggNMOS devices (2017)

High access resistance is the main limiter for implementation of Germanium into NMOS FinFET device. Growing alternative material on the source-drain (SD) area such as SiGe or Si can solve this issue. Grounded gate NMOS (ggNMOS) devices with five different SD stacks are studied w.r.t. ESD failure level and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> . Small series resistance due to low contact and SD resistance results in very low R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , but harms the ESD robustness dramatically. It was found that high contact resistance and SD resistance act as ballasting resistor similar to the effect of silicide block reported for Si technologies. It prevents current crowding and leads to very uniform conduction. This affect was verified by emission microscope (EMMI) analysis.
Effect of aSiO2layer on the thermal transport properties of〈100〉Sinanowires: A molecular dynamics study (2015)

The presence of a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ layer on Si nanowires (SiNWs) has been found through molecular dynamics simulation to reduce their thermal conductivity $(\ensuremath{\kappa})$, with $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ approaching the amorphous limit of Si as the oxide layer thickness is increased. Through analysis of the phonon energy dispersion and vibrational density of states (VDOS) spectrum, this decrease in $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ was attributed to dispersionless vibrational states that appear in the low energy range below 4 THz as a result of the lattice vibration of Si atoms near the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}/\mathrm{Si}$ interface. The ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ layer also induced a low-frequency tail in the VDOS spectrum, the length of which was more closely correlated to the reduction in $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ than the frequency-integrated value of the VDOS spectrum. These findings provide a more refined explanation for the decrease in $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ than has been previously observed, and contribute to providing a greater understanding of the anomalistic vibration near the interface that is critical to determining the heat conductivity in nanoscale materials.