gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1700V 4H-SiC MOSFETs and Schottky diodes for next generation power conversion applications (2011)

Junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes and MOSFETs fabricated in 4H-SiC are described. These power devices are capable of blocking in excess of 1700 V with leakage currents of less than tens of microamps at temperatures exceeding 175°C and of conducting tens of amps in the on-state. The static on-state and blocking I-V characteristics of each component are presented, along with a comparison to comparably rated Si bipolar PiN diodes and IGBTs. The dynamic performance of the 4H-SiC diodes and MOSFETs is also presented, and a fully functional 10 kW transformer isolated DC-DC power converter operating at 1000V at a switching frequency of 20 kHz is demonstrated.
Location of the stilbenedisulfonate binding site of the human erythrocyte anion-exchange system by resonance energy transfer (1979)

The stilbenedisulfonate inhibitory site of the human erythrocyte anion-exchange system has been characterized by using serveral fluorescent stilbenedisulfonates. The covalent inhibitor 4-benzamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (BIDS) reacts specifically with the band 3 protein of the plasma membrane when added to intact erythrocytes, and the reversible inhibitors 4,4'-dibenzamidostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DBDS) and 4-benzamido-4'-aminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (BADS) show a fluorescence enhancement upon binding to the inhibitory site on erythrocyte ghosts. The fluorescence properties of all three bound probes indicate a rigid, hydrophobic site with nearby tryptophan residues. The Triton X-100 solublized and purified band 3 protein has similar affinities for DBDS, BADS, and 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DNDS) to those observed on intact erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts, showing that the anion binding site is not perturbed by the solubilization procedure. The distance between the stilbenedisulfonate binding site and a group of cysteine residues on the 40 000-dalton amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of band 3 was measured by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique. Four different fluorescent sulfhydryl reagents were used as either energy transfer donors or energy transfer acceptors in combination with the stilbenedisulfonates (BIDS, DBDS, BADS, and DNDS). Efficiencies of transfer were measured by sensitized emisssion, donor quenching, and donor lifetime changes. Although these sites are approachable from opposite sides of the membrane by impermeant reagents, they are separated by only 34--42 A, indicating that the anion binding site is located in a protein cleft which extends some distance into the membrane.
EcSeg: Semantic Segmentation of Metaphase Images Containing Extrachromosomal DNA (2019)

Oncogene amplification is one of the most common drivers of genetic events in cancer, potently promoting tumor development, growth, and progression. The recent discovery that oncogene amplification commonly occurs on extrachromosomal DNA, driving intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and high copy number owing to its non-chromosomal mechanism of inheritance, raises important questions about how the subnuclear location of amplified oncogenes mediates tumor pathogenesis. Next-generation sequencing is powerful but does not provide spatial resolution for amplified oncogenes, and new approaches are needed for accurately quantifying oncogenes located on ecDNA. Here, we introduce ecSeg, an image analysis tool that integrates conventional microscopy with deep neural networks to accurately resolve ecDNA and oncogene amplification at the single cell level.
Improving speech recognition and keyword search for low resource languages using web data (2015)

speech recognition and keyword search for low resource languages using web data.
System Performance of Uplink Multi-User MIMO in LTE (2011)

In LTE Rel-8, mobile stations are equipped with only one transmit antenna while the base stations can employ multiple receive antennas. As a result, multi-user MIMO can be used in the uplink to enhance system capacity. This paper describes multi-user MIMO in the uplink for LTE and presents system-level simulation results under indoor hotspot, micro-cell, and macro-cell deployment scenarios. Two user pairing strategies, random and orthogonal pairing, are compared. Our results show that random pairing performs as well as orthogonal pairing under realistic implementation constraints. With four receive antennas at the base station, uplink MU-MIMO can increase cell capacity by approximately 30% in indoor hotspot, and 10% in micro-cell and macro-cell deployment. Corresponding improvements in user throughput are also observed, including a gain of between 9-28% in cell edge user throughput.
Tuning the Activities and Structures of Enzymes Bound to Graphene Oxide with a Protein Glue (2013)

Graphene oxide (GO) is being investigated extensively for enzyme and protein binding, but many enzymes bound to GO denature considerably and lose most of their activities. A simple, novel, and efficient approach is described here for improving the structures and activities of enzymes bound to GO such that bound enzymes are nearly as active as those of the corresponding unbound enzymes. Our strategy is to preadsorb highly cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA) to passivate GO, and cBSA/GO (bGO) served as an excellent platform for enzyme binding. The binding of met-hemoglobin, glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, BSA, catalase, lysozyme, and cytochrome c indicated improved binding, structure retention, and activities. Nearly 100% of native-like structures of all the seven proteins/enzymes were noted at near monolayer formation of cBSA on GO (400% w/w), and all bound enzymes indicated 100% retention of their activities. A facile, benign, simple, and general method has been developed for the biofunctionalization of GO, and this approach of coating with suitable protein glues expands the utility of GO as an advanced biophilic nanomaterial for applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine.
Generation of functional liver sinusoidal endothelial-like cells from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2023)

Our result indicate that the functional LSEC-like cells were successfully generated from human BM-MSCs using our established protocol.
The Effect of Protonation on the Optical Properties of Conjugated Fluorene–Pyridine Copolymers (2008)

Abstract A series of conjugated alternating and statistical copolymers of fluorene and pyridine are synthesized and characterized. The compounds under investigation, namely poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorenyl)‐ alt ‐(2,6‐pyridinyl)] and poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexylfluorenyl)‐ stat ‐(2,6‐pyridinyl)], are prepared by a Suzuki‐type cross‐coupling reaction starting from commercially available materials utilizing the recently described catalyst trans ‐bis(dicyclohexylamine) palladiumdiacetate (“DAPCy”). The target compounds are investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and luminescence measurements in solution and in the solid state. Special emphasis is placed on studying the consequences of protonation on the photophysical properties of the described materials. Achieving a concise microscopic understanding of the effects of protonation on the absorption and luminescence characteristics is crucial for potential applications in, e.g., optical sensors. To that aim, the results of the systematic studies of the photophysical properties are explained by quantum mechanical calculations. magnified image
Comparison of activities of bulk and monolith Mn–Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts in oxidative coupling of methane (2009)

The monoliths were prepared by coating of Al2O3 and SiO2 on the FeCrAl alloy foil and by introducing appropriate catalytically active oxides on the supports. It was found that, for both catalytic systems of monolith and bulk catalysts of Mn–Na2WO4/SiO2, the dependences of methane conversion to C2 products on the contact time virtually coincide if the normalized quantities of the active component are considered.
TIM Family Proteins Promote the Lysosomal Degradation of the Nuclear Receptor NUR77 (2012)

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) proteins are cell-surface signaling receptors in T cells and scavenger receptors in antigen-presenting cells and kidney tubular epithelia. Here, we demonstrated a function for TIM proteins in mediating the degradation of NUR77, a nuclear receptor implicated in apoptosis and cell survival. TIM proteins interacted with and mediated the lysosomal degradation of NUR77 in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent pathway. We also showed dynamic cycling of TIM-1 to and from the cell surface through clathrin-dependent constitutive endocytosis. Blocking this process or mutating the phosphatidylserine-binding pocket in TIM-1 abrogated TIM-1-mediated degradation of NUR77. In an in vitro model of kidney injury, silencing TIM-1 increased NUR77 abundance and decreased epithelial cell survival. These results show that TIM proteins may affect immune cell function and the response of the kidney to injury.
Fiber-Based Broadband-Access Deployment in the United States (2006)

After more than 20 years of research and development, a combination of technological, regulatory, and competitive forces are finally bringing fiber-based broadband access to commercial fruition. The three main approaches-hybrid fiber coax, fiber to the cabinet, and fiber to the home-are each vying for dominance in the industry, and each has significant future potential to grow customers and increase bandwidth and associated-service offerings. Further technical advances and cost reductions will be adopted, eventually bringing performance levels and bandwidth to gigabits-per-second rates when user demand warrants while keeping service costs affordable
Immunotoxins for Treating Cancer and Autoimmune Disease (2019)

At the time nearly half of all human malignancies remain incurable, primarily due to the ineffectiveness of therapy for systemic cancer. Often, the metastatic cells that are least amenable to cytotoxic chemotherapy are composed of relatively differentiated malignant cells, which are biochemically similar to their nonmalignant cell of origin. Plants and bacteria produce protein toxins which interfere with protein synthesis in animal cells. Plant toxins, such as ricin, gelonin, pokeweed antiviral protein, and saporin inhibit protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes, while bacterial toxins including Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) and diphtheria toxin, inactivate elongation factor 2 (EF-2). The full-length 613 amino acid PE contains three functional domains which are necessary for cellular intoxication. Domain Ia (amino acids 1-252) is the binding domain, domain II (amino acids 253-364) is responsible for translocating the toxin to the cytosol, and domain III (amino acids 400-613) contains the ADP-ribosylating enzyme which inactivates EF-2 in the cytosol and results in cell death.
Control of droplet size of polymer-diluent blends through thermally induced phase separation (2000)

The effects of process conditions and molecular structure of polymer and diluent on the droplet size of membranes formed by thermally induced phase separatiom (TIPS) process were examined. The observed upper critical solution temperature–type phase boundaries of nylon-12 blended with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and nylon 12 diluted with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDE) and their interaction energy densities calculated using the Flory–Huggins theory suggest that the nylon-12/PEGDE blends are less stable than the nylon-12–PEG blends. Infrared spectra confirmed that the difference in phase stability might come from specific interactions of the hydroxyl terminal groups of PEG with the amide groups from nylon-12, which are not be feasible in the nylon-12–PEGDE blends. The phase stability of diluent PEG blended with various nylons that are different in the number of methyl groups in the repeat unit was ranked in the order of: nylon-6–PEG blend < nylon-12–PEG blend < nylon-11–PEG blend. We also noted that the phase-separated droplets grew by both coalescence and the Oswald ripening process after the onset of phase separation. As a result, the cubic exponent of average droplet radius (R3) plotted against time satisfied the linear relationship. As the blends became less stable, the droplet growth rate increased and larger equilibrium droplets formed at a constant quenching depth. The TIPS membranes with desired pore structure could be prepared by controlling the molecular structure of components as well as by varying processing conditions such as quenching depth and annealing time. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 3042–3052, 2000
Automatic property visualization for material survey support (2016)

Engineers in the semiconductor domain are spending significant time searching for materials with certain properties, such as carrier mobility and bandgap values within certain ranges, or to keep informed about newly discovered materials with desirable properties. Since these searches are not anchored in keywords, the usual information retrieval tools are of limited utility. In this paper, we propose a novel system that enables engineers to more efficiently conduct bibliographic surveys in the domain of semiconductor device materials. The system uses large-scale statistical learning and inference to extract relations between materials and their physical properties from text, and visualizes them.
The effect of glucose metabolism on murine follicle development and steroidogenesis in vitro (1994)

Previous studies have shown that mouse ovarian follicles produce large amounts of lactate during growth and maturation in vitro, suggesting a metabolic preference for glycolysis. Further investigations were therefore undertaken to determine firstly the effect of gonadotrophins on glucose uptake and secondly the role of glucose in follicle lactate production, development and steroidogenesis. Pre-antral mouse follicles were cultured individually in media containing different concentrations of glucose (1-5.5 mM) using a system which supported development to the pre-ovulatory stage within 5 days. Samples of media were removed every 24 h and analysed for oestradiol using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and for glucose uptake and lactate production using a fluorimetric assay. Results showed that all the glucose consumed was converted to lactate, irrespective of the glucose concentration. Growth and steroidogenesis were also dependent on glucose concentration, and at concentrations below 2 mM, follicle development was significantly retarded. Results confirm that follicles adopt a predominantly glycolytic mode of energy production to sustain growth and steroidogenesis, and that the glycolytic rate is stimulated by gonadotrophins.
Characterization of anArabidopsis thalianaDNA hypomethylation mutant (1995)

We have recently isolated two Arabidopsis thaliana DNA hypomethylation mutations, identifying the DDM1 locus, that cause a 70% reduction in genomic 5-methylcytosine levels [1]. Here we describe further phenotypic and biochemical characterization of the ddm1 mutants. ddm1/ddm1 homozygotes exhibited altered leaf shape, increased cauline leaf number, and a delay in the onset of flowering when compared to non-mutant siblings in a segregating population. Our biochemical characterization investigated two possible mechanisms for DNA hypomethylation. In order to see if ddm1 mutations affect DNA methyltransferase function, we compared DNA methyltransferase activities in extracts from wild-type and ddm1 mutant tissues. The ddm1 mutant extracts had as much DNA methyltransferase activity as that of the wild-type for both the CpI and CpNpG substrates suggesting that the DDM1 locus does not encode a DNA methyltransferase. Moreover, the ddm1 mutations did not affect the intracellular level of S-adenosylmethionine, the methyl group donor for DNA methylation. The possibility that the DDM1 gene product functions as a modifier of DNA methylation is discussed.
The Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Is a Key Metabolic Enzyme and Critical Virulence Factor of Leishmania major (2021)

There is currently no effective vaccine against leishmaniasis because of the lack of sufficient knowledge about the Ags that stimulate host-protective and long-lasting T cell-mediated immunity. We previously identified <i>Leishmania</i> phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, a gluconeogenic enzyme) as an immunodominant Ag that is expressed by both the insect (promastigote) and mammalian (amastigote) stages of the parasite. In this study, we investigated the role of PEPCK in metabolism, virulence, and immunopathogenicity of <i>Leishmania major</i> We show that targeted loss of PEPCK results in impaired proliferation of <i>L. major</i> in axenic culture and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, the deficiency of PEPCK results in highly attenuated pathology in vivo. BALB/c mice infected with PEPCK-deficient parasites failed to develop any cutaneous lesions despite harboring parasites at the cutaneous site of infection. This was associated with a dramatic reduction in the frequency of cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10)-producing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in spleens and lymph nodes draining the infection site. Cells from mice infected with PEPCK-deficient parasites also produced significantly low levels of these cytokines into the culture supernatant following in vitro restimulation with soluble <i>Leishmania</i> Ag. PEPCK-deficient parasites exhibited significantly greater extracellular acidification rate, increased proton leak, and decreased ATP-coupling efficiency and oxygen consumption rates in comparison with their wild-type and addback counterparts. Taken together, these results show that PEPCK is a critical metabolic enzyme for <i>Leishmania</i>, and its deletion results in altered metabolic activity and attenuation of virulence.
Design of novel distributed translator for synchronized multiple transmission networks of ATSC 8-VSB system (2011)

This paper proposes a novel digital television translator which can be used for synchronized multiple transmission networks or distributed transmission networks of ATSC system. To be used in a distributed transmission network, translators should synchronize each other in terms of frequency and data. The proposed translator, named as baseband equalization distributed translator (EDTxR), uses only the received signal from the main transmitter for synchronization. EDTxR retrieves frequency and timing information from the received main transmitter signal and use it for frequency synchronization among EDTxRs. Moreover, EDTxR adopts additional frequency synchronization scheme to compensate the frequency offset of reference clock. For data synchronization, EDTxR retrieves the symbol data from the received transmitter signal and re-transmits the same symbol data, which makes all the symbols from all EDTxRs have the same data. To assess the performance of the EDTxR, laboratory test and field test are conducted and the results show EDTxR can be used as a digital television translator with higher spectrum efficiency than legacy translator.
Proposal and Design of a Parallel Queue Processor Architecture (PQP). (2002)

In this paper, we propose a parallel Queue processor architecture (PQP) that uses Queue data structure for operands and results manipulations. The above architecture project, which started a couple of years ago here at Sowa laboratory, features simple pipeline, compact Queue based instruction set architecture, and is targeted for Internet applications and new class of terminals requiring small memory footprints and short programs run-times. The proposed architecture has been designed and then evaluated in software. First, we present the novel aspects of the above execution model as well as the principle underlying the architecture and the constraints that must be met. Second, to characterize the behavior of the proposed architecture, we present the preliminary evaluation results over a range of benchmark programs.
Performance of Advanced Data-Detection Schemes on Barium-Ferrite Particulate Media (2009)

Noise-predictive maximum likelihood (NPML) detection has become state of the art in modern hard-disk drive (HDD) systems. Tape drive systems, in contrast, have typically adopted a traditional partial-response maximum likelihood detection approach, a fact that mainly reflects the large disparity in areal recording density between tape drives and HDDs. However, tape drive systems maintain a growth rate in areal recording density that is similar to that of HDDs, which implies that in future tape storage systems also advanced detection schemes need to be employed. This paper investigates the performance achieved by NPML, in particular, data-dependent NPML for data detection on barium-ferrite (BaFe) particulate tape media. Using actual readback waveforms, it is found that these advanced detection techniques are fairly efficient in improving the bit-error-rate performance of the read channel. Therefore, they enable, in combination with the BaFe media, a significant increase in linear recording density over that of state-of-the-art tape systems.
Recent Progress On Etching Technology With Fib In Photomask Repair (1988)

Focused ion beam (FIB) repair of opaque defects on photomasks, generally utilizes ion beam induced sputter etching. Surfaces which have been etched by this method sometimes suffer from a loss of transmissivity for several reasons. Among these are, incomplete removal of the chrome film, damage to the substrate from overetching, and implantation of gallium. In the lithography process, any one of these can result in printing of the repaired areas. In an effort to improve the transmissivity of etched areas, post-repair processes such as wet chemical or plasma etching of the substrate have been utilized. These types of processes demonstrate major disadvantages because of the change in reflectivity brought about by the etching action over the entire substrate surface, as well as the addition of another process step, which significantly reduces overall repair throughput. Seiko has developed a proprietary (patents pending) method of sputter etching opaque defects using FIB, resulting in opaque defect repair areas with greater than 97% trans-missivity and significantly reduced gallium concentration levels; without the need for any additional post-repair processing. This paper will present the results of lithography tests and auger anlayses that were conducted to compare our current technique of opaque defect repair with the new technique.
Reversible imine crosslinking in waterborne self-healing polymer coatings (2023)

Waterborne polymer coatings have the potential to address the environmental concerns associated with solvent based systems. To improve their performance without using volatile organic compounds, we propose a new approach based on reconfigurable covalent crosslinking that provides mechanical resistance and self-healing properties. The new waterborne polymer coatings are based on mixtures of aldehyde- and amine-functionalized polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) that take advantage of the reversibility of imine bonds in the presence of water. Different degrees of functional monomer incorporation (10 % to 40 %) allowed us to balance crosslinking and interdiffusion during film formation, to obtain mechanically robust and solvent resistant films. A clear structure-properties relation was assessed by following the formation of water resulting from amine-aldehyde condensation crosslinking, measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The resulting polymer coatings further show self-healing properties at room temperature, triggered with residual amounts of water and featuring high recovery rates of the mechanical properties. Our mechanically robust waterborne polymer coatings based in imine reversible crosslinking, featuring self-healing in mild conditions, offer excellent prospects for application in smart coating materials.