gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity planning tools for web and grid environments (2006)

A key aspect in managing resources for customer sites is to predict and assess the load associated with a site in order to figure out how best to allocate resources for the site over time and to efficiently schedule tasks. The cost associated with the site and return on investment are also key parameters. This paper describes work we have done in developing tools for answering these critical questions. The tools use both analytical models and discrete event simulations to predict performance and analyze costs needed for handling a customer workload while satisfying the service level objectives. These tools provide capacity and load planning, performance simulation, and cost and financial analyses. Our tools have been used successfully by several major customers, and those experiences have shaped how the tools have evolved over time.
Stereoselective C-C Bond Formation in Carbohydrates by Radical Cyclization Reactions; V. Application for the Synthesis of α-C (2) -Branched Sugars (1990)

The stereoselectivity of the 5-exo radical cyclization reaction of allylic 2-deoxy-2-iodoglucopyranosides leading to α-C(2)-branched sugars is influenced by the substitution of the allylic double bond. The observed stereoselectivity for the formation of the chiral center on the newly formed tetrahydrofuran ring results from a less sterically hindered transition state of cyclization, except in the case of a cis phenyl substituted C=C double bond.
Room Temperature Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide to Nitrogen on MetalOrganic Frameworks (2020)

Air pollution is an epochal concern, particularly in urban areas, and is linked to combustion processes 1 . The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) constitutes a critical environmental problem, and it can affect severely human health2,3,4 . At ambient temperature and pressure NOx decomposition is thermodynamically favoured; however, this process is kinetically inhibited, owing to a high activation energy5,6 . To date, no reported catalysts have had the required properties to lower the activation energy of this process without the help of coreacting agents and high temperatures7,8,9 . Here, we show that NO conversion to molecular nitrogen can be achieved at room temperature in the presence of O2 and H2O vapour, and in the absence of any further reducing agent, using iron-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Further, we demonstrate that MOFs work similarly to enzymes, but are stable in environments unfriendly to living matter. These findings open large perspectives on the solution of stringent problems in chemistry, such as the removal of pollutants or the activation of highly stable molecules.&lt;br&gt;
Robust methods for automatic image‐to‐world registration in cone‐beam CT interventional guidance (2012)

Automatic image-to-world registration methods demonstrate the potential for improved accuracy, reproducibility, and workflow in CBCT-guided procedures. A Free-Form method was shown to exhibit robustness against anatomical site, with comparable or improved TRE compared to manual registration. It was also comparable or superior in performance to a Known-Model method in which the ARM configuration is specified as a predefined tool, thereby allowing configuration of fiducials on the fly or attachment to the patient.
Structural Characterization of a Novel Sulfated Menaquinone produced by stf3 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2008)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, produces unique sulfated metabolites associated with virulence. One such metabolite from M. tuberculosis lipid extracts, S881, has been shown to negatively regulate the virulence of M. tuberculosis in mouse infection studies, and its cell-surface localization suggests a role in modulating host-pathogen interactions. However, a detailed structural analysis of S881 has remained elusive. Here we use high-resolution, high-mass-accuracy, and tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the structure of S881. Exact mass measurements showed that S881 is highly unsaturated, tandem mass spectrometry indicated a polyisoprene-derived structure, and characterization of synthetic structural analogs confirmed that S881 is a previously undescribed sulfated derivative of dihydromenaquinone-9, the primary quinol electron carrier in M. tuberculosis. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a sulfated menaquinone produced in any prokaryote. Together with previous studies, these findings suggest that this redox cofactor may play a role in mycobacterial pathogenesis.
Carboxylic Acid Decorated Self-Assembled Monolayer Films: New Acid Synthesis Chemistry and Reaction Chemistry Including Bridged Diacyl Peroxide Preparation (2015)

Interfacial chemical transformations are an important way to control the physical and chemical properties of surfaces. Organic molecules that self-assemble into monolayers are a proven, effective tool for surface modification, and the ability to do controlled chemical transformations on the exposed surface of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) adds significant diversity to this capability. Given the importance of carboxylic acid groups in applications ranging from controlling surface ionization to anchoring biological molecules, we have studied alternative ways to install acid groups on a surface and have probed the factors that control their chemistry. The work reported herein describes a new way to install carboxylic acid groups on surfaces and explores the intermolecular chemistry between acid groups on adjacent monolayer-forming molecules both on flat interfaces and on nanoparticles. It addresses the interplay of molecular flexibility and chain packing in controlling processes that bridge neighboring molecules. Finally, the creation of bridged diacyl peroxides from neighboring acid groups provides useful surface bound polymerization initiators that can effectively and conformally cover both flat surfaces and particles with ultrathin polymer films.
Immunophilin ligands can prevent progressive dopaminergic degeneration in animal models of Parkinson's disease (2001)

Slowing or halting the progressive dopaminergic (DA) degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) would delay the onset and development of motor symptoms, prolong the efficacy of pharmacotherapies and decrease drug-induced side-effects. We tested the potential of two orally administered novel immunophilin ligands to protect against DA degeneration in two animal models of PD. First, in an MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model, we compared an immunophilin ligand (V-10,367) documented to bind the immunophilin FKBP12 with V-13,661, which does not bind FKBP12. Both molecules could prevent the loss of striatal DA innervation in a dose-dependent fashion during 10 days of oral administration. Second, to determine whether an immunophilin ligand can protect against progressive and slow DA degeneration typical of PD, an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine-infusion rat model was utilized. Oral treatment with the FKBP12-binding immunophilin ligand began on the day of lesion and continued for 21 days. At this time point, post mortem analyses revealed that the treatment had prevented the progressive loss of DA innervation within the striatum and loss of DA neurons within the substantia nigra, related to functional outcome as measured by rotational behaviour. Notably, DA fibres extending into the area of striatal DA denervation were observed only in rats treated with the immunophilin ligand, indicating neuroprotection or sprouting of spared DA fibres. This is the first demonstration that immunophilin ligands can prevent a slow and progressive DA axonal degeneration and neuronal death in vivo. The effects of orally administered structurally related immunophilin ligands in acute and progressive models of DA degeneration are consistent with the idea that these compounds may have therapeutic value in PD.
A Comprehensive Digital Program for Smoking Cessation: Assessing Feasibility in a Single-Group Cohort Study (2018)

Background: Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide. Evidence-based approaches are available, but few people access them. Although digital solutions offer great promise for population reach, few multicomponent programs exist. Pivot is a comprehensive digital solution combining a Food and Drug Administration–cleared carbon monoxide (CO) breath sensor; cigarette logging; a 6-phase, app-delivered smoking cessation program based on the US Clinical Practice Guidelines; and dedicated human coaching via text-based chat. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess program engagement, changes in attitudes toward smoking, self-reported changes in smoking behavior, and program acceptability for the initial phase of Pivot: Explore. Methods: A total of 48 participants enrolled, and 41 completed the study. About half the participants (54%, 22/41) were men, and the mean age was 43 years. Most (85%, 35/41) were daily smokers and smoked an average of 12 cigarettes per day. Explore includes CO breath sensing, logging cigarettes in-app, learning via in-app activities, and dedicated human coaching through a text messaging interface. Participants completed surveys at baseline and exit assessing attitudes toward quitting including readiness, perceived difficulty, and confidence in quit success. At exit, participants also completed a survey of changes in smoking behavior and ratings of program acceptability. Results: More than 80% of participants (34-39 of 41) took ≥1 CO breath sample each day, and more than 55% (23-27 of 41) took ≥5 samples each day. More than 65% of participants (27-34 of 41) logged ≥1 cigarette using the in-app logging feature each day. All 9 in-app activities had completion rates ≥80% (33-40 of 41). Response to coach-initiated outreach was also high, with all contacts receiving ≥73% (30-39 of 41) response. In matched pair analyses, significant positive changes in mean attitudes toward quitting (scale 1-10) were evident from baseline (T1) to study exit (T2), including increased readiness to quit (T1 mean=6.1, T2 mean=7.4, P=.005), lower perceived difficulty (T1 mean=3.7, T2 mean=5.6, P=.001), and greater expectations of success (T1 mean=4.5, T2 mean=6.5, P<.001). At exit, 78% (32/41) of participants reported decreasing the number of cigarettes smoked per day during the study. Participants rated program quality and satisfaction very high (mean ≥8 for all items). Conclusions: These results support the feasibility and acceptability of the initial 9-day phase of Pivot: Explore. Participants had high levels of engagement with sensing, logging, learning, and coaching. Attitudes toward quitting improved significantly, and the majority of users indicated decreasing smoking behavior. Explore was designed to raise smoker awareness and motivation. Additional research is underway to assess how users progress through the full Pivot smoking cessation program and determine the program’s effectiveness for achieving sustained cessation.
Conditional ablation of GFRα1 in postmigratory enteric neurons triggers unconventional neuronal death in the colon and causes a Hirschsprung's disease phenotype (2007)

The regulation of neuronal survival and death by neurotrophic factors plays a central role in the sculpting of the nervous system, but the identity of survival signals for developing enteric neurons remains obscure. We demonstrate here that conditional ablation of GFRalpha1, the high affinity receptor for GDNF, in mice during late gestation induces rapid and widespread neuronal death in the colon, leading to colon aganglionosis reminiscent of Hirschsprung's disease. Enteric neuron death induced by GFRalpha1 inactivation is not associated with the activation of common cell death executors, caspase-3 or -7, and lacks the morphological hallmarks of apoptosis, such as chromatin compaction and mitochondrial pathology. Consistent with these in vivo observations, neither caspase inhibition nor Bax deficiency blocks death of colon-derived enteric neurons induced by GDNF deprivation. This study reveals an essential role for GFRalpha1 in the survival of enteric neurons and suggests that caspase-independent death can be triggered by abolition of neurotrophic signals.
Evidence for a Significant Role of α3-Containing GABAAReceptors in Mediating the Anxiolytic Effects of Benzodiazepines (2005)

The GABA(A) receptor subtypes responsible for the anxiolytic effects of nonselective benzodiazepines (BZs) such as chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and diazepam remain controversial. Hence, molecular genetic data suggest that alpha2-rather than alpha3-containing GABA(A) receptors are responsible for the anxiolytic effects of diazepam, whereas the anxiogenic effects of an alpha3-selective inverse agonist suggest that an agonist selective for this subtype should be anxiolytic. We have extended this latter pharmacological approach to identify a compound, 4,2'-difluoro-5'-[8-fluoro-7-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)imidazo[1,2-á]pyridin-3-yl]biphenyl-2-carbonitrile (TP003), that is an alpha3 subtype selective agonist that produced a robust anxiolytic-like effect in both rodent and non-human primate behavioral models of anxiety. Moreover, in mice containing a point mutation that renders alpha2-containing receptors BZ insensitive (alpha2H101R mice), TP003 as well as the nonselective agonist CDP retained efficacy in a stress-induced hyperthermia model. Together, these data show that potentiation of alpha3-containing GABA(A) receptors is sufficient to produce the anxiolytic effects of BZs and that alpha2 potentiation may not be necessary.
Direct laser writing of near-surface waveguides in silver containing glasses with no additional processing (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Direct laser writing in glasses using femtosecond lasers has been extensively studied during the last two decades. It provides a robust and efficient way to directly inscribe 3D photonic structures in the interior of bulk glasses. More specifically, the inscription of 3D embedded waveguides has been well established. However, direct laser writing of waveguides neighboring the glass surface was only demonstrated in few works. This is owed to ablation that arises when approaching the glass surface. This shortcoming was recently overcome using additional processing and/or reinforced glasses. In silver containing glasses, direct laser writing induces the creation of silver clusters around the interaction voxel inducing a Type A refractive index change. It allows the inscription of optical waveguides using very low pulse energy, differing from standard type I waveguides which are inscribed with higher energy pulses. The low energy regime allows for the inscription of waveguides in close proximity to the surface while inhibiting surface ablation. In this work, we demonstrate direct laser writing of near-surface waveguides in a non-reinforced bulk glass sample without resorting to any additional processes, as well as a demonstration of a high-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on such near-surface waveguides. This work highlights the novelty and benefits of type A waveguides inscribed in silver containing glasses and their high potential for sensing applications compatible with laser manufacturing approaches. Finally, our results could be easily transposed to silver containing ribbon shaped glass fibers, thus paving the way towards fiber based sensing applications.
Realization of tellurium-based all dielectric optical metamaterials using a multi-cycle deposition-etch process (2013)

Tellurium (Te) dielectric resonator metamaterials for thermal infrared applications were fabricated using a multi-cycle deposition-etch process that circumvents pinch-off issues during deposition. Deposition and etching of Te were studied in detail. Metamaterial samples with varying resonator dimensions were fabricated using this technique. All the samples showed two transmission minima corresponding to magnetic and electric dipole resonances. Longer resonant wavelengths were observed as the resonator dimension was increased. Observation of spectral overlap between magnetic and electric resonances gives us the potential opportunity to realize a negative refractive index material.
Performance Analysis of Inter-Layer Prediction in Scalable Video Coding Extension of H.264/AVC (2010)

Scalable video coding (SVC) is a good approach for video services over heterogeneous networks. To achieve efficient video broadcasting systems, a good understanding on the performance of coding tools in SVC is necessary. In this paper, the efficiency of inter-layer prediction tools in SVC extension of H.264/AVC is thoroughly investigated by simulations. First, it is shown that inter-layer prediction is more efficient for fast/complex sequences than for slow/simple scenarios. Second, among the three inter-layer prediction methods, inter-layer residual prediction contributes most gains in simulations suggested by SVC standardization group. Nevertheless, all of them are comparatively less efficient for sequences with many details in the environment of spatial scalability. In addition, medium-grain quality scalability (MGS) outperforms coarse-grain quality scalability (CGS): MGS is able to provide up to 1 dB gain over CGS while keeping an even higher flexibility. However, MGS introduces a relatively large PSNR fluctuation which impacts visual quality.
Novel indole alkaloids from Raputia simulans (2010)

Raputia simulans is a neotropical Rutaceae growing in the Amazonian basin. Investigation of the dichloromethane extracts of the stem bark and roots revealed the extraordinary abundance of non polar indole secondary metabolites and resulted to the isolation of several new natural products bearing unconventionally substituted indole moieties. The isolation procedure involved FCPC fractionation and successful isolation of minor indole components in one step from the original extracts, as well as traditional MPLC and HPLC techniques. More than 15 indole metabolites were isolated, comprising of 8 new monomers and 7 new dimers. The new indole monomers are exclusively substituted in position 5 of the indole ring, characteristically lacking substitution in position 3, with oxidated sidechains of open-type or forming furan or dihydrofuran closed rings. Among the new dimers, the 4 novel raputindoles (A-D) possess two indole moieties bridged via a fused cyclopentyl unit whereas the 3 new caulindoles bear an unusual MOM substitution at the terminal methyl groups, found for the second time in a natural product. [1],[2]. The novel raputindoles A-D were tested for their inhibition against CDK2, GSK-3β and DYRK1 and found to have moderate activity (IC50&gt;10 µM).
A Microgrid-based Telecom Power System using Modular Multiple-Input DC-DC Converters (2005)

This paper presents a telecom power plant that uses local distributed generation resources and the utility grid as power inputs to the system. The microsources are connected to a high voltage main dc bus using multiple-input dc-dc converters. Additional converters are used in the secondary power distribution frames. The proposed architecture reduces the energy storage requirements and is more reliable than a traditional power plant. The system configuration is highly flexible and cost effective. This paper also introduces a topology for the multiple-input dc-dc converters and explains some control approaches. The analysis is supported by simulation and experimental results
Design of Comb Crack Resistant Milling Inserts: A Comparison of Stresses, Crack Propagation, and Deformation Behavior between Ti(C,N)/α-Al2O3 and Zr(C,N)/α-Al2O3 CVD Coatings (2021)

Investigations on comb crack resistance of milling inserts coated with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Ti(C,N)/α-Al2O3 and Zr(C,N)/α-Al2O3 showed a distinct wear evolution in both systems. Wear studies revealed that the appearance of comb cracks is connected to the initial CVD cooling crack network. Micropillar compression tests indicated a brittle intergranular fracture mechanism for the Ti(C,N) layer and a transgranular fracture accompanied with signs of plastic deformation for the Zr(C,N) coating. Additionally, for the Zr(C,N) based system, a compressive stress condition in the temperature range of interest (200–600 °C) was determined by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The set of residual compressive stresses together with the ability of the Zr(C,N) layer to deform plastically are key features that explain the enhanced resistance to comb crack wear of the Zr(C,N) based system in milling of cast iron.
Intra‐aortic balloon pump placement following aorto‐iliac angioplasty and stent placement (2002)

Approximately 20% of patients are unable to receive an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) due to aorto-iliac atherosclerotic disease. Aorto-iliac stenoses can be managed with angioplasty or stent placement; however, there are limited data about this strategy to facilitate IABP placement. Thirty-seven IABPs were placed in 35 patients. A total of 45 revascularization procedures were performed. With revascularization, the minimal lumen diameter increased from 2.78 +/- 1.46 to 6.75 +/- 2.36 mm (P < 0.0001). Limb ischemia occurred following 2/37 (5%) IABP insertions. Limb ischemia was managed with IABP removal and angioplasty. The mortality rate was 32%. Mortality was more common with chronic renal insufficiency (8/11, 73%; P = 0.0014), dialysis-dependent renal failure (3/3, 100%; P = 0.028), and presentation with acute myocardial infarction (8/15 patients, 53%; P = 0.036). Although no patients required vascular surgery for limb ischemia, one patient required surgery for bleeding. Angioplasty or stenting to facilitate IABP placement in patients with peripheral vascular disease is safe and effective.
The Permittivity of Water Under High Dielectric Stress (2005)

Water is an attractive dielectric for the intermediate storage of electrical energy in compact pulsed power systems. A high relative permittivity of about 80 and a high dielectric strength of more than 1 MV/cm, allow for energy densities greater than 3 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . However, for very high field strengths the relative permittivity of water is no longer a constant. Early analytical calculations and more recent simulations predict a rapid drop for fields exceeding 1 MV/cm. Changes of the dielectric permittivity can also readily be seen in a change of the index of refraction which in return offers a possibility to evaluate the temporal and spatial distribution of the applied electric field. Measurements on the dielectric permittivity at low frequencies are difficult for high electric fields. We investigated the changes in the refractive index of water for light in the visible spectrum at 632.8 nm (4.74-10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> Hz) in a pin-to-plane electrode geometry by means of a Mach Zehnder interferometer. Voltage pulses as short as 20 ns and up to 90 kV were applied. The applied voltage corresponds to a maximum electric field of 4 MV/cm in the gap. A high speed camera with a temporal resolution of 3 ns recorded the fringe patterns. To assess changes of the refractive index we had to distinguish between different effects as they arise from the Kerr-effect and changes in temperature. The results show that for electric fields of more than 3 MV/cm the theory of the Kerr-effect can no longer sufficiently describe the experimental results suggesting a strong polarization of the medium.