gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of muscle proton spin-spin relaxation time as an index of muscle activation (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum number of contractions that are needed to detect an increase in the muscle proton spin-spin relaxation time (T2) at a given exercise intensity. Five healthy human subjects performed five sets of an exercise that included concentric and eccentric contractions of the elbow-flexor muscles with loads that were 25 or 80% of maximum. With the 80% load, the five sets involved 1, 2, 5, 10, or 20 repetitions of the exercise; with the 25% load the five sets were 2, 5, 10, 20, or 40 repetitions. The upper arm of each subject was imaged before and immediately after each set of the exercise. Spin-echo images (repetition time/echo time = 2,000 ms/30, 60, 90, and 120 ms) were collected using an extremity coil, and T2 values were calculated. The signal intensity was measured from the elbow-flexor and -extensor muscles and from the bone marrow of the humerus. With the 80% load, T2 increased in the short head of the biceps brachii after two repetitions of the elbow exercise and after five repetitions in the brachialis and the long head of the biceps brachii. With the 25% load, T2 became longer after five repetitions of the exercise for the short head of the biceps brachii and after 10 repetitions for the brachialis and the long head of the biceps brachii. T2 varied linearly with the number of contraction repetitions for each of the elbow-flexor muscles at either load (r2 > or = 0.97, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of point field sensing in IGBT modules for high bandwidth current measurement (2011)

This paper evaluates field-based current sensing integration in power electronic modules. Point field detectors, such as GMR detectors, can provide high bandwidth (DC to MHz) current measurements with a small footprint (1.26 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Magnetic fields surrounding a current carrying conductor are frequency dependent, so the 5% Flat Bandwidth (FBW) metric is used to evaluate placement of the point field detectors to maximize the bandwidth of the current measurement. A significant contribution of this paper is an evaluation of the placement of point field detectors inside a power switching module. The paper focuses on detector placement for the interconnect structures commonly found in power switching modules. Experimental and finite element analysis of wire bond structures with multiple wire bonds and lead frame structures are evaluated for high bandwidth sensing performance.
Promoting mechanism of electronic shuttle for bioavailability of Fe(III) oxide and its environmental significance (2020)

Abstract The biological reduction process of Fe(III) not only strongly affects the circulation of C, N, O, P and other elements in the environment, but also plays an important role in the transformation and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants. Most Fe(III) oxides existing in nature have low bioavailability due to their poor solubility or strongly crystalline form with stable chemical properties. Addition of a substance having redox activity can form an electron shuttle cycle between Fe(III) oxide and the microorganism, which can not only enhance the bioavailability of Fe(III) and accelerate electron transfer, but also improve the removal efficiency of contaminants. This paper compares and analyzes several common redox active substances, for their promoting effect and limiting factors of Fe(III) bioavailability. Moreover, the mechanism by which the electron shuttle promotes the bioavailability of Fe(III) oxide is discussed. This review demonstrates that the electron shuttle promotes the Fe(III) bioreaction process for the degradation and removal of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and other pollutants, which is of great environmental significance.
Interference-aware rate control for bursty interference channels (2013)

Interference in wireless networks has been identified as one of the main hurdles towards achieving higher network capacity. However, most of the literature has focused on solving interference problems assuming that interference is non-bursty. In this paper, we study bursty interference channels and propose novel interference-aware rate control algorithms. The proposed algorithms include single and multi-layer transmission schemes. We also present a framework for optimizing rate selection so that the overall throughput is maximized. Significant performance gains relative to traditional Hybrid Adaptive Repeat reQuest (HARQ) schemes are demonstrated.
Interleukin-1 homologues IL-1F7b and IL-18 contain functional mRNA instability elements within the coding region responsive to lipopolysaccharide (2004)

IL-1F7b, a novel homologue of the IL-1 (interleukin 1) family, was discovered by computational cloning. We demonstrated that IL-1F7b shares critical amino acid residues with IL-18 and binds to the IL-18-binding protein enhancing its ability to inhibit IL-18-induced interferon-gamma. We also showed that low levels of IL-1F7b are constitutively present intracellularly in human blood monocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that similar to IL-18, both mRNA and intracellular protein expression of IL-1F7b are up-regulated by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) in human monocytes. In stable transfectants of murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells, there was no IL-1F7b protein expression despite a highly active CMV promoter. We found that IL-1F7b-specific mRNA was rapidly degraded in transfected cells, via a 3'-UTR (untranslated region)-independent control of IL-1F7b transcript stability. After LPS stimulation, there was a rapid transient increase in IL-1F7b-specific mRNA and concomitant protein levels. Using sequence alignment, we found a conserved ten-nucleotide homology box within the open reading frame of IL-F7b, which is flanking the coding region instability elements of some selective genes. In-frame deletion of downstream exon 5 from the full-length IL-1F7b cDNA markedly increased the levels of IL-1F7b mRNA. A similar coding region element is located in IL-18. When transfected into RAW264.7 macrophages, IL-18 mRNA was also unstable unless treated with LPS. These results indicate that both IL-1F7b and IL-18 mRNA contain functional instability determinants within their coding region, which influence mRNA decay as a novel mechanism to regulate the expression of IL-1 family members.
Close-packed silane nanodot arrays by capillary nanostamping coupled with heterocyclic silane ring opening (2019)

We report the parallel generation of close-packed ordered silane nanodot arrays with nanodot diameters of few 100 nm and nearest-neighbor distances in the one-micron range. Capillary nanostamping of heterocyclic silanes coupled with ring-opening triggered by hydroxyl groups at the substrate surfaces yields nanodots consisting of silane monolayers with exposed terminal functional groups. Using spongy mesoporous silica stamps with methyl-terminated mesopore walls inert towards the heterocyclic silanes, we could manually perform multiple successive stamping cycles under ambient conditions without interruptions for ink refilling. Further functionalizations include the synthesis of polymer nanobrushes on the silane nanodots by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. Proteins-of-interest fused to the HaloTag were site-specifically captured to silane nanodots functionalized by copper-free reactions with azide derivatives. Thus, bioorthogonal functionalization for bioanalytics with a spatial resolution in the one-micron range may be realized on solid supports compatible with fluorescence-based optical microscopy. The feature sizes of the silane nanodot arrays match well the length scales characteristic of a variety of biomolecular submicroscopic organizations in living cells, thus representing a compromise between miniaturization and the resolution limit of optical microscopy for sensitive high-throughput bioanalytics.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Dithiocarbamate Complexes Bearing Ferrocenyl Subunits (1999)

Three ferrocenyl subunits covalently linked to a central nickel(IV) core characterize the structure of the nickel(IV) dithiocarbamate complex 1. Electrochemical investigations revealed that, in spite of the chemical equivalence of the ferrocenyl groups, a mixed-valence state substantially persists in solution.
Recoverable Organic Catalysts (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Achiral Organic Catalysts Chiral Organic Catalysts Catalysts Derived from Amino Acids General Considerations on Recyclable Organocatalysts Outlook and Perspectives References
Mid-infrared imaging fiber bundle (2017)

Innovative mid-infrared imaging fiber bundle has been developed that is flexible, rugged and high fiber-count for use with infrared cameras for thermal imaging applications. High-quality chalcogenide fibers are used to produce coherent fiber bundle that is 2 meters in length, 4000 fibers in a 3mm diameter bundle, minimum bend radius of 10cm, and low attenuation over the spectral range of 1.5-6.5 microns. Individual fiber pixel size is 34 microns and the NA is 0.3. This paper presents the fabrication process and the optical characterization of the mid-infrared imaging fiber bundle.
Efficient adaptive vertical downtilt schemes in LTE-Advanced networks (2014)

This work introduces efficient schemes for adaptive vertical downtilt beamforming in Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) networks equipped with active antenna systems (AAS). A framework to determine cell-specific downtilt angles is proposed and solutions are provided with affordable complexities for practical applications. Instead of utilizing a single fixed downtilt, a cell-specific downtilt is obtained and adaptively adjusted across the system, which not only increases signal strength for desired users but also provides better control of inter-cell interference in the system. System level simulation shows that the proposed schemes achieve up to 10% cell edge and 5% cell average spectrum efficiency gain compared to the baseline system with fixed downtilt without involving complex coordination among cells.
l-Proline mediated synthesis of quinoxalines; evaluation of cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity (2014)

A simple, greener and highly efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized quinoxalines has been developed employing<sc>l</sc>-proline as a catalyst in water. The newly synthesized quinoxaline–sulphonamide conjugates exhibited significant cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
Adherence to antidepressant therapy and mortality rates in ischaemic heart disease: cohort study (2015)

Adherence to antidepressant pharmacotherapy is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in a population-based large sample cohort of patients with IHD. Physicians and health policy decision-makers should step up their efforts to sustain and enhance these patients' adherence to their antidepressant regimen.
Recent applications of QM/MM calculations in drug discovery and hydrogen tunneling. (2004)

The use of QM/MM calcns. to understand the potency of a range of inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and human neutrophil elastase will be described. In these cases the activity is found to depend upon the relative stability of a reaction intermediate,rather than upon the inhibitor binding energy.The importance of tunnelling in proton transfer reactions catalyzed by enzymes will be illustrated by describing recent work on methylamine dehydrogenase and malic enzyme. [on SciFinder (R)]
Pathway Complexity in Nanotubular Supramolecular Polymerization: Metal–Organic Nanotubes with a Planar-Chiral Monomer (2023)

Here, we report an anomalous pathway complexity in the supramolecular polymerization of a chiral monomer, which displays an unusual chiroptical feature that does not follow any of the known stereochemical rules such as "chiral self-sorting" and "majority rule". We newly developed a planar-chiral ferrocene-cored tetratopic pyridyl monomer <b>FcL</b>, which underwent AgBF<sub>4</sub>-mediated supramolecular polymerization to give nanotubes <b>FcNT</b>s composed of metal-organic nanorings <b>FcNR</b>s. Although <b>FcNR</b>s must be homochiral because of a strong geometrical constraint, <b>FcNR</b>s were formed even efficiently from racemic <b>FcL</b> and AgBF<sub>4</sub>. Detailed studies revealed the presence of two competing pathways for producing homochiral <b>FcNR</b>s as the constituents of <b>FcNT</b>s: (i) spontaneous cyclization of initially formed acyclic polymers -[<b>FcL</b>-Ag<sup>+</sup>]<sub><i>n</i></sub>- and (ii) template (<b>FcNR</b>)-assisted cyclization via a Ag<sup>+</sup>···Ag<sup>+</sup> metallophilic interaction. The dominance of the two pathways changes depending on the %<i>ee</i> of chiral <b>FcL</b>. Namely, when the %<i>ee</i> of <b>FcL</b> is high, -[<b>FcL</b>-Ag<sup>+</sup>]<sub><i>n</i></sub>- must contain sufficiently long homochiral sequences that can be readily cyclized into <b>FcNR</b>s. Meanwhile, when the %<i>ee</i> of <b>FcL</b> is low, the homochiral sequences in -[<b>FcL</b>-Ag<sup>+</sup>]<sub><i>n</i></sub>- must be short and therefore are hardly eligible for spontaneous cyclization. Why were <b>FcNR</b>s formed? Even though the probability is very low, homochiral -[<b>FcL</b>-Ag<sup>+</sup>]<sub><i>n</i></sub>- can be statistically generated and undergo spontaneous cyclization to give <b>FcNR</b>s minutely. We found that <b>FcNR</b>s can be amplified by heterochirally templating their own synthesis using metallophilic interaction. Because of this stereochemical preference, the growth of <b>FcNR</b>s into <b>FcNT</b>s via the template-assisted mechanism occurs only when both <sup>(<b><i>R,R</i></b>)</sup><b>FcL</b> and <sup>(<b><i>S,S</i></b>)</sup><b>FcL</b> are present in the polymerization system.
Site-specific integration of transgene targeting an endogenous lox-like site in early mouse embryos (2010)

Functional lox-like sequences have been identified within the yeast and mammalian genome. These hetero-specific lox sites also allow Cre recombinase to specifically target efficient integration of exogenous DNA into the endogenous pseudo-lox (ψlox) sequences that occur naturally in the host genome using a Cre/loxP integrative recombination system. We investigated whether the Cre/ψlox system is useful for site-specific integration of transgenes and for improving the production efficiency of transgenic animals. This is the first report on Cre-mediated integrative recombination targeting an endogenous lox-like sequence termed pseudo-loxm5 (ψloxm5) in early mouse embryos. We characterized the Cre/ψloxm5 system in embryonic environment. Cre-expressing plasmid and a transgene (CMV/LacZ gene) flanked by ψloxm5 and ψloxcorem5 sites were co-microinjected into the pronucleus of fertilized mouse oocytes. The injected eggs were transferred into foster mothers, and the recombination products were investigated. The results show that the ψloxm5 site is an active substrate for Cre-mediated recombination in the mouse embryonic environment. The transgenesis efficiency was up to 27% (6/22). The site-specific integration of the transgene into the endogenous ψloxm5 site was found in 50 % of the transgenic pups. Our findings demonstrated that the Cre/ψloxm5 integrative recombination system is an efficient and simple strategy for targeting an endogenous lox-like site in mammalian embryos.
High birefringence photopolymerizable phenylacetylene liquid crystals (2001)

Abstract Photopolymerizable three-ring phenylacetylene (3PA) liquid crystalline compounds were synthesized and the physical properties of the monomers and polymers were characterized in the expectation of obtaining high birefringence polymers. 3PA monomers containing acrylate substituents exhibited enantiotropic nematic phases and high δn values of around 0.35. Homogeneous alignment was retained after polymerization and high values of δn (~0.34) for the polymers were obtained. The orientation of the monomers at the photopolymerization temperature was almost fixed, such that δn and the order parameter of the polymers varied with the polymerization temperature.
Protonation of diene complexes of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium: a fine balance between terminal and agostic hydrides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtonation of diene complexes of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium: a fine balance between terminal and agostic hydridesMartin A. Bennett, Ian J. McMahon, Simon Pelling, Maurice Brookhart, and David M. LincolnCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 1, 127–138Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00037a028https://doi.org/10.1021/om00037a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
RFIC 2020 Guest Editorial (2021)

This Mini-Special Issue of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES (TMTT) is comprised of expanded articles from the 2020 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (IEEE RFIC), held virtually on August 4–6, 2020, in response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. First, we are grateful to the organizers of the symposium, including the steering and the technical committees, as well as the sponsors of the symposium—it is due to their tremendous work that we were able to switch from the planned 2020 symposium at Los Angeles to a rewarding and engaging virtual symposium instead. The virtual symposium, held as part of the IEEE Microwave Week, in combination with the IEEE International Microwave Symposium (IMS), the IEEE Automatic Radio Frequency Techniques Group (ARFTG), and the Industry Exhibition, had more than 5000 registered participants.
Cosilencing Intestinal Transglutaminase-2 and Interleukin-15 Using Gelatin-Based Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Model of Celiac Disease (2017)

In this study, we have developed a type B gelatin nanoparticle based siRNA delivery system for silencing of intestinal transglutaminase-2 (TG2) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) genes in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) and murine alveolar macrophage cells (J774A.1). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the TG2 or IL-15 gene was encapsulated within gelatin nanoparticles using ethanol-water solvent displacement method. Size, charge, and morphology of gelatin nanoparticles were evaluated using a Zetasizer instrument and transmission electron microscopy. siRNA encapsulation efficiency was determined using an siRNA specific stem-loop quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Cellular uptake of siRNA-containing gelatin nanoparticles was determined using fluorescent microscopy and stem-loop qPCR assay. siRNA loading in the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) was determined by immunoprecipitation of argonaute 2 (AGO2) protein followed by stem-loop qPCR for siRNA quantification. Gene expression analysis of TG2, IL-15, and the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), was performed using qPCR assays. Efficacy of silencing TG2 and IL-15 knockdown was evaluated in an in vitro model of celiac disease by utilizing immunogenic α-gliadin peptide p31-43 in cultured J774A.1 cells. siRNA-containing gelatin nanoparticles were spherical in shape with mean particle size and charge of 217 ± 8.39 nm and -6.2 ± 0.95 mV, respectively. siRNA loading efficiency within gelatin nanoparticles was found to be 89.3 ± 3.05%. Evaluations of cellular uptake using fluorescent microscopy showed rapid internalization of gelatin nanoparticles within 2 h of dosing, with cytosolic localization of delivered siRNA in Caco-2 cells. Gelatin nanoparticles showed greater intracellular siRNA exposure with a longer half-life, when compared to Lipofectamine-mediated siRNA delivery. Approximately 0.1% of total intracellular siRNA was associated in the RISC complex. A maximum knockdown of 60% was observed at 72 h post siRNA treatment for both TG2 and IL-15 genes, which corresponded to ∼200 copies of RISC associated siRNA. Further, efficacy of gelatin nanoparticle mediated knockdown of TG2 and IL-15 mRNA was tested in an in vitro model of celiac disease. Significant suppression in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) was observed in p31-43 stimulated J774A.1 cells upon either IL-15 or IL-15 + TG2 siRNA treatment. The results from this study indicate that gelatin nanoparticle mediated TG2 and IL-15 siRNA gene silencing is a very promising approach for the treatment of celiac disease.
Domain Organization, Catalysis and Regulation of Eukaryotic Cystathionine Beta-Synthases (2014)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is a key regulator of sulfur amino acid metabolism diverting homocysteine, a toxic intermediate of the methionine cycle, via the transsulfuration pathway to the biosynthesis of cysteine. Although the pathway itself is well conserved among eukaryotes, properties of eukaryotic CBS enzymes vary greatly. Here we present a side-by-side biochemical and biophysical comparison of human (hCBS), fruit fly (dCBS) and yeast (yCBS) enzymes. Preparation and characterization of the full-length and truncated enzymes, lacking the regulatory domains, suggested that eukaryotic CBS exists in one of at least two significantly different conformations impacting the enzyme's catalytic activity, oligomeric status and regulation. Truncation of hCBS and yCBS, but not dCBS, resulted in enzyme activation and formation of dimers compared to native tetramers. The dCBS and yCBS are not regulated by the allosteric activator of hCBS, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet); however, they have significantly higher specific activities in the canonical as well as alternative reactions compared to hCBS. Unlike yCBS, the heme-containing dCBS and hCBS showed increased thermal stability and retention of the enzyme's catalytic activity. The mass-spectrometry analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry showed clear presence and binding of AdoMet to yCBS and hCBS, but not dCBS. However, the role of AdoMet binding to yCBS remains unclear, unlike its role in hCBS. This study provides valuable information for understanding the complexity of the domain organization, catalytic specificity and regulation among eukaryotic CBS enzymes.