gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Estimation of the New Feature Extracting Method for Tamper Detection in Printed Documents (2008)

In this paper, we report the experimental result of the estimation of our proposed technique to extract the feature of the printed documents for tamper detection. We have compared the proposed technique which uses median points as a feature and the existing technique which uses the area of the black dots as a feature. As an experiment, we calculated the median point of alphabets and numbers, and printed and scanned to see the probability of the collision, the uniformity of the distribution, invariability during D/A and A/D transform, and the invariability during the ordinal change of paper of our feature extracting method. For the probability of the collision, the proposed method showed lower probability of the collision than the existing one. For the uniformity of the distribution, the proposed method showed a half skew of the existing one. For the invariability during D/A and A/D transform, the proposed method showed the invariability of about a thirtieth of the one of the existing one. For the invariability during the ordinal change of paper, the proposed method showed an eighteenth invariability of the existing one. From the above results, we have concluded that as a feature extracting method, our proposed method is better than the existing one.
Electron-Lattice Interactions in Manganese-Oxide Perovskites (2006)

The virial theorem is invoked to argue for a first-order transition from localized to itinerant electronic behavior. A competition between localized and itinerant electronic behavior leads to phase segregation via cooperative oxygen displacements that may be manifest either as a stationary charge-density wave or as a condensation of two-manganese polarons into ferromagnetic, conductive clusters in a paramagnetic, polaronic matrix. Growth in a magnetic field of the ferromagnetic clusters to beyond their percolation threshold gives the intrinsic colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) found above Tc and the transition to a “bad metal” below T with increasing (180° φ c. A rapid rise in Tc ) Mn O Mn bond angle at cross-over where the CMR is found is attributed to an angle-dependent oxygen-vibration frequency ω φ o( ), a prediction that can be checked experimentally.
Potent Human Broadly SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing IgA and IgG Antibodies Effective Against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 (2022)

Abstract Memory B-cell and antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contribute to long-term immune protection against severe COVID-19, which can also be prevented by antibody-based interventions. Here, wide SARS-CoV-2 immunoprofiling in COVID-19 convalescents combining serological, cellular and monoclonal antibody explorations, revealed humoral immunity coordination. Detailed characterization of a hundred SARS-CoV-2 spike memory B-cell monoclonal antibodies uncovered diversity in their repertoire and antiviral functions. The latter were influenced by the targeted spike region with strong Fc-dependent effectors to the S2 subunit and potent neutralizers to the receptor binding domain. Amongst those, Cv2.1169 and Cv2.3194 antibodies cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Cv2.1169, isolated from a mucosa-derived IgA memory B cell, demonstrated potency boost as IgA dimers and therapeutic efficacy as IgG antibodies in animal models. Structural data provided mechanistic clues to Cv2.1169 potency and breadth. Thus, potent broadly neutralizing IgA antibodies elicited in mucosal tissues can stem SARS-CoV-2 infection, and Cv2.1169 and Cv2.3194 are prime candidates for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Impaired cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in children, adolescents, and young adults with Barth syndrome (2017)

1.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L sec, <i>P</i> < 0.01) with BTHS compared to controls. Blunted cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics were associated with lower <i>V</i>O<sub>2peak</sub> but not resting cardiac function. Cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics are impaired and appear to contribute to exercise intolerance in BTHS.
Stochastic Modeling of the KCLMS Algorithm in the Context of Adaptive Beamforming (2021)

This paper presents a stochastic model for the Kronecker product constrained least-mean-square (KCLMS) algorithm applied in adaptive beamforming. Such an algorithm considers that the beamforming vector can be expressed as a Kronecker product of two smaller vectors, thus yielding improved convergence and less computational complexity (in comparison to the CLMS). The proposed model entails expressions describing the mean behavior of the beamforming vectors, the evolution of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and the correlation matrices related to the beamforming vectors. Simulation results are shown confirming the accuracy of the model.
Laser à Semi-conducteur à Emission Verticale sans mode: Emission cohérente large bande (2013)

International audience
Interlayer exchange coupling in Fe∕MgO∕Fe magnetic tunnel junctions (2006)

Interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) in fully epitaxial Fe∕MgO∕Fe(001) tunnel junctions with wedge-shaped MgO layers is measured at room temperature from the unidirectional shift of the Kerr hysteresis loop. It is found that the IEC is antiferromagnetic for small MgO thickness but changes sign at 0.8nm. Ab initio calculations of IEC show that this behavior can be explained by the presence of O vacancies in the MgO barrier which makes IEC antiferromagnetic for thin barriers. With increasing MgO thickness the resonance contribution to IEC from localized defect states is reduced resulting in the ferromagnetic coupling typical for perfect MgO barriers.
Minimally invasive posterior thoracic fusion (2008)

Thoracic spine fusion may be indicated in the surgical treatment of a wide range of pathologies, including trauma, deformity, tumor, and infection. Conventional open procedures for surgical treatment of thoracic spine disease can be associated with significant approach-related morbidity, which has motivated the development of minimally invasive approaches. Thoracoscopy and, later, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were developed to address diseases of the thoracic cavity and subsequently adapted for thoracic spine surgery. Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has been used to treat a variety of thoracic spine diseases, its relatively steep learning curve and high rate of pulmonary complications have limited its widespread use. These limitations have motivated the development of minimally invasive posterior approaches to address thoracic spine pathology without the added risk of morbidity involved in surgically entering the chest. Many of these advances are ongoing and represent the forefront of minimally invasive spine surgery. As these techniques are developed and applied, it will be important to assess their equivalence or superiority in comparison with standard open techniques using prospective trials. In this paper the authors focus on minimally invasive posterior thoracic procedures that include fusion, and provide a review of the current literature, a discussion of future pathways for development, and case examples. The topic is divided by pathology into sections including trauma, deformity, spinal column tumors, and osteomyelitis.
Measurement of near-field femtosecond light pulses enhanced by a metal probe by autocorrelation (2006)

We measured a fringe-resolved autocorrelation waveform of near-field femtosecond light generated at a metal probe used in a reflection-type aperture-less scanning near-field optical microscopy for the first time. We studied the dependence of the near field pulse shape on the frequency chirp of launched femtosecond laser pulses.
In silico analysis of virulence associated genes in genomes of Escherichia coli strains causing colibacillosis in poultry (2017)

The proposed method of detection of virulence factors using the capabilities of the DIFFIND tool may be useful in the analysis of similarities of <i>E. coli</i> and other sequences deriving from bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in reliable segregation of 30 APEC strains into five main clusters containing various virulence associated genes (VAGs).
Optimization of inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cells for field-deployed concentrating PV systems (2009)

The inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) solar cell configuration allows significant increase of PV conversion efficiency over that of conventional InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple junction (3J) devices. Recent activities have focused on tests of prototype IMM devices permanently mounted to a conductive substrate material. These devices exhibit no electrical or mechanical degradation after 750 thermal cycles of between -40°C and +110°C. Large area 3J-IMM devices of 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area have been operated outdoors under concentrated sunlight. Stable performance of IMM devices operated at a geometric concentration ratio of 1090x have exhibited higher power output than conventional reference devices. At photocurrent densities of over 12 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> improvement of greater than 400 mV has been obtained compared to conventional 3J devices. A model has been constructed to predict performance of IMM devices operated over a range of cell temperature and spectral input that is expected for outdoor systems. This work is applicable to the design and optimization of 4J-and 5J-IMM device architectures. Results of this analysis reveal a greater spectral sensitivity of such designs, underscoring the importance of subcell bandgap selection in maximizing performance over likely operating conditions.
Multimodal Theranostic Nanoformulations Permit Magnetic Resonance Bioimaging of Antiretroviral Drug Particle Tissue-Cell Biodistribution (2017)

We posit that these theranostic nanoprobes can assess LASER ART drug delivery and be used as part of a precision nanomedicine therapeutic strategy.
BL22, a Recombinant Anti-CD22 Immunotoxin, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in B-Cell Lymphoma. (2004)

Abstract A recombinant immunotoxin, BL22 has shown clinical efficacy against hairy cell leukemia and other B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. BL22 contains an antibody-derived domain that recognizes CD22, and PE38, a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A domain, for inhibition of protein synthesis. Previous studies have shown that Pseudomonas exotoxin A-based immunotoxins exert their cytotoxicity by apoptosis and additional, yet uncharacterized mechanisms. We investigated the cytotoxicity of BL22 in two mantle cell lymphoma lines, NCEB-1 and Granta-519, and in the diffuse, large-cell lymphoma line SU-DHL-4. Presence of the CD22 target was confirmed by flow cytometry. Treatment of NCEB-1 cells to 1 μg/ml BL22 for 24-32h reduced the numbers of viable cells in comparison to cells exposed to a non-binding immunotoxin. Induction of apoptosis, determined by activation of caspase-3 and exposure of phosphatidylserine, was not detected before 48h of exposure. Incorporation of bromo-deoxyuridine into DNA was, however, almost completely inhibited after 24h. Correspondingly, the numbers of G1 phase cells were increased upon treatment with BL22 as determined by flow cytometry. G1-arrest resulted from decreased enzyme activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk)-2 and 4 as assessed in vitro with respective substrates, histone H1 and the retinoblastoma susceptibility (RB) protein. Immunoblotting revealed markedly reduced amounts of cyclins A, E, D1 and D3 whereas cdk2 and cdk4 protein expression levels remained unchanged. Expression of the RB protein was decreased, and the protein was hypophosphorylated in immunotoxin-treated cells. Pulse-labeling with [35S]-labeled amino acids, followed by immunoprecitation of cyclins E and D1 confirmed that BL22 inhibited synthesis of these cyclins. Thus, immunotoxin-induced cell cycle arrest results from insufficient synthesis of regulatory cyclins required for progression through G1 into S-phase. Similar results were obtained in Granta-519 cells. SU-DHL-4 diffuse, large-cell lymphoma cells were highly sensitive to BL22, and G1 arrest was observed as early as after 8–24h in these cells. Expression of cyclins A, D3 and E was decreased while cyclin D1 was not expressed in SU-DHL-4 cells. Interestingly, cell cycle arrest did not prevent from subsequent induction of apoptosis in lymphoma cells continuously exposed to the immunotoxin. In conclusion, we have characterized cell cycle arrest as a previously unknown mechanism that contributes to the cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas exotoxin-based immunotoxins.
p53 dependent growth suppression by the c-Abl nuclear tyrosine kinase. (1995)

Growth suppression by the Rb and p53 tumor suppressor proteins is mediated through effects on cell cycle regulatory proteins at the G1/S transition. Because overexpression of c-Abl induces G1 arrest in fibroblasts, we reasoned that c-Abl may also affect cell cycle proteins which regulate G1. We used fibroblasts containing disruptions of the Rb or p53 genes to genetically test the role of these proteins in c-Abl growth suppression. We find that c-Abl requires p53 but not Rb to suppress growth. c-Abl binds p53 in vitro and enhances p53 dependent transcription from a promoter containing p53 DNA binding sites. An Abl mutant which no longer binds p53 does not enhance p53 transcriptional activity and fails to suppress growth. These findings provide a novel link between a growth inhibitory tyrosine kinase and the p53 tumor suppressor protein.
Metabolites from the sponge-associated bacterium Micrococcus luteus. (1998)

In an ongoing survey of the bioactive potential of microorganisms associated with marine invertebrates, the extract of the sponge-associated bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus was found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. The previously known synthetic 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether was found to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity. The major metabolite isolated was a new acyl-1-(acyl-6'-mannobiosyl)-3-glycerol.
Research data supporting the publication "Characterization of Open-Cell Sponges via Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Tomography" (2021)

Data for figures in the publication Characterization of Open-Cell Sponges via Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Tomography
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Templated Crystallization of H2SO4:  Direct Evidence for Protonation (2005)

Liquid anhydrous sulfuric acid forms molecular "shells" wrapped around single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Temperature-dependent X-ray scattering from aligned acid-swollen fibers shows that crystallization of the bulklike acid surrounding the structured shells is templated by the aligned SWNTs, while the structured shells remain partly ordered, at least for temperatures from 100 to 500 K. The (2 0 0) or ( 0 2) planes of the templated H2SO4 crystallites are parallel to the nanotube axes. This provides solid evidence for the direct protonation of SWNT since the molecules are terminated by hydrogen bonds.
Structure Influence on Charge Transport in Naphthalenediimide–Thiophene Copolymers (2014)

Reported here is a characterization of a series of NDI–thiophene copolymers with one, two, three, and four thiophene units synthesized using Stille polycondensation of dibromo-naphthalene diimide and the trimethylstannylthiophene monomers. The effect of extension of the thiophene donor group is studied in terms of structure-charge transport correlation. The influence of side chains located on the thiophene units of copolymers with two and four thiophene units per monomer is also investigated. Charge transport of both signs is studied experimentally in field-effect transistors. Microstructural data obtained by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) is supported by AFM topography scans. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and UV–vis spectroscopy data are employed in the measurement of energy levels, and changes with annealing temperature are also discussed. Most of the polymers reach excellent electron and hole mobility with one copolymer (NDI-T4) exhibiting an especially balanced ambipolar charge transport of 0.03 cm2 V–1 s–1. An odd–even effect in hole mobility is observed with higher values for polymers with an even number of thiophene units. The reported findings indicate that the final charge transport properties are a result of the interplay of many factors, including crystallinity, planarity and linearity of chain, spacing between acceptor units and packing of solubilizing branched side chains.
Carbon–carbon bond formation at the C-4 position of an azetidin-2-one ring by intermolecular radical coupling reactions: a route to tribactams (1994)

The β-lactam 4 was linked to the enones 8–10 using a radical reaction mediated by tri-n-butyltin hydride to give the 2,6-disubstituted cyclohexanones 11–16, respectively: 13 was converted into the protected tribactam 18 in two steps.
Narrow-width photoluminescence spectra of InGaN quantum wells grown on GaN (0001) substrates with misorientation toward [1 1-00] direction (2007)

The optical properties of InGaN quantum wells on misoriented GaN (0001) substrates were investigated. The fluctuation of peak wavelength and full width at half maximum of micro-photoluminescence from InGaN quantum wells was large when the misorientation angle was 0.0<sup>o</sup>. The micro-photoluminescence showed narrow-width spectra, with full width at half maximum below 60 meV, of InGaN quantum wells grown on GaN (0001) substrates with a misorientation angle of around 0.28<sup>o</sup> toward [1<sub>1</sub><sup>-</sup>00] direction. These results indicate that InGaN quantum wells have high crystalline quality when InGaN quantum wells are grown with misorientation angle between 0.2<sup>o</sup> and 0.3<sup>o</sup> toward [1<sub>1</sub><sup>-</sup>00] direction.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION OF THE KEY INTERMEDIATE IN THE FORMATION OF CIS‐BICYCLO(3.3.0)OCTANE‐3,7‐DIONES FROM DIMETHYL 3‐KETOGLUTARATE AND 1,2‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1984)

Abstract 3‐Ketoglutarsäuredimethylester (I) wird mit dem Furoin (II) über (IIIa) zu (IV) kondensiert und dieses dann sauer zum Bis‐furyl‐cis‐bicyclooctan‐dion (V) hydrolysiert und decarboxyliert.
Engine Torque Control Based on Discrete Event Model and Disturbance Observer (2007)

This paper presents a novel control method for torque generation in four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engines. A model-based approach is employed to control engine torque output by adjusting throttle air intake with considerations of robust stability and performance. Discrete event engine model (DEM) is adopted with an addition of torque generation dynamics. Disturbance observer (DOB) techniques are utilized to achieve robust stability and performance by regarding the discrepancy between the actual plant and the nominal plant with desired plant characteristics as an equivalent disturbance input, which is estimated and cancelled. The desired plant behavior is stably realized by the DOB up to a bandwidth which is sufficient for a torque control application discussed in authors’ previous work. A switching scheme for desired nominal plant is proposed to further enhance robust performance and stability. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed schem.
Genomic diversity and immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from dairy products (2017)

In this study, we aimed to investigate some functional characteristics and the immunomodulatory properties of three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum of dairy origin which, in a previous screening, showed to be candidate probiotics. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics, which confirmed the presence of genes involved in folate and riboflavin production and in the immune response of dendritic cells (DCs), prompted us to investigate the ability of the three strains to accumulate the two vitamins and their immunomodulation properties. The ability of the three strains to release antioxidant components in milk was also investigated. Small amounts of folate and riboflavin were produced by the three strains, while they showed a good antioxidant capacity in milk with FRAP method. The immune response experiments well correlated with the presence of candidate genes influencing in DCs cytokine response to L. plantarum. Specifically, the amounts of secreted cytokins by DCs after stimulation with cells of Lp790, Lp813 and Lp998 resulted pro-inflammatory whereas stimulation with culture supernatants (postbiotics) inhibited the release of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and increased the release of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. This study adds further evidence on the importance of L. plantarum in human health. Understanding how probiotics (or postbiotics) work in preclinical models can allow a rational choice of the different strains for clinical and/or commercial use.
BaTiO 3 ‐Based Ceramics for Tunable Microwave Applications (2004)

The dielectric properties of BaTi 0.90 Ga 0.05 Nb 0.05 O 3 (BTGN) and Ba 0.60 Sr 0.40 TiO 3 (BST) ceramics prepared by the conventional solid‐state route have been investigated. Their relative potential for microwave (MW) tunable applications was assessed by the figure of merit ( K ) defined as K = [equation omitted] (where [alt epsilon] ro and [alt epsilon] rv are the relative permittivity at zero and 20 kV cm −1 at 10 kHz and tan δ o is the loss at 10kHz or ∼1 GHz without DC bias). Fine‐grained (∼2–3 μm) BTGN ceramics fired at 1500°C in air exhibit dielectric behavior characteristic of relaxor‐type materials, with relative permittivity, [alt epsilon] r , decreasing from ∼3082 to ∼2116 and dielectric loss, tan δ, increasing from 0.0035 to 0.0542 at 10 kHz and ∼1GHz, respectively. In contrast, large‐grained (20–100 μm) BST ceramics exhibit a frequency independent [alt epsilon] r of ∼5000 and show little variation of tan δ with frequency (0.0012 at 10 kHz and ∼0.0048 at 0.6 GHz). At 10 kHz, K BTGN = 91 and K BST = 367, whereas at MW frequencies K BTGN = 6 and K BST = 92. The large decrease in K BTGN at MW frequencies is attributed to a substantial increase of tan δ. The applicability of another relaxor‐type BaTiO 3 ‐based ceramic, Ba(Ti 0.70 Zr 0.30 )O 3 , which was recently proposed as promising material for tunable MW applications, is also discussed. It is demonstrated that BaTiO 3 ‐based ferroelectric‐relaxors may exhibit good tunable characteristics at 10 kHz; however, they are not competitive with BST for high K ‐factor MW applications.
A New Method of Dynamic Electric Birefringence Measurement Using a Sinusoidal Digital Lock-In System (1980)

A new apparatus for measuring the birefringence of a polymer solution under a continuous a.c. electric field has been developed. The birefringence signal is modulated by sinusoidal amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) of the applied electric field in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz. The birefringence response is detected with a digital lock-in system with a sinusoidal reference wave. Digital data processing ensures a high accuracy even at ultra-low frequencies. The data for nitrobenzene indicate that a birefringence as low as 10-13 can be accurately measured for an optical path of 1 cm. Illustrative results for poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) in m-cresol and DNA in aqueous NaCl are presented. The FM technique yields the frequency derivative of the AM curve and gives the relaxational frequency of these solutions clearly.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Impact of Screening Test Performance and Cost on Mortality Reduction and Cost-effectiveness of Multimodal Ovarian Cancer Screening (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 91K, Model Overview&lt;/p&gt;