gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a multilevel fuzzy controller for nonlinear systems and stability analysis (2005)

In this paper, a multilevel fuzzy control (MLFC) system is developed and implemented to deal with the real-world nonlinear plants with intrinsic uncertainties and time-varying parameters. The proposed fuzzy control strategy has a hierarchical structure with an adaptation mechanism embedded in the lower level to tune the output membership functions (MFs) of the first layer fuzzy controller and can be used to control a system with an input-output monotonic relationship or a piecewise monotonic relationship. The stability of the closed-loop system under the proposed MLFC is theoretically proven. Simulations are carried out by applying the proposed multilevel fuzzy control (MLFC) to a uncertain nonlinear plants, and it is shown that much better system performances are achieved compared with conventional fuzzy logic controllers (FLC), even in presence of disturbance and noise.
Safe and Coordinated Hierarchical Receding Horizon Control for Mobile Manipulators (2020)

Mobile manipulators, constructed by mobile platforms and manipulators, have become a promising solution to future factories for introducing flexibility to manufacturing. This paper presents a method, hierarchical receding horizon control algorithm (HRHC), to assure safety and achieve higher time and space efficiency in robots surrounded by time-varying environments. HRHC contains an optimization based motion planning module that takes account of both the mobile platform and the manipulator to utilize the kinematic redundancy, and a low-level safety controller to deal with fast changes in the environment. With this method, we verify the performance through experiments. The result shows that space efficiency is increased and the HRHC can guarantee local safety in dynamic environments.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐ AND 4‐(CARBETHOXY)‐2,4,6‐CYCLOHEPTATRIEN‐1‐ONE (1982)

Abstract Anisol (I) reagiert mit Diazoessigsäureethylester (II) zu den Verbindungen (III), (IV) sowie (V) bis (IX).
Laser-Induced Plasma Exposure on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Masks: Damage Analysis (2012)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is considered as a possible next-generation lithography technology for sub-22-nm feature fabrication. Fabrication of zero printing defect mask blanks is one of the key challenges identified for EUVL under 16 nm. One proposed cleaning mechanism is based on laser-induced plasma (LIP) shock waves in which selective nanoparticle removal is possible. However, due to both shockwave thermomechanical loading and radiation intensity heating from the LIP core during cleaning, there have been concerns over substrate damage. In this paper, computational and experimental damage studies are conducted for assessing damage risk of LIP exposure to EUVL blank samples. Based on a finite element analysis, it is found that the level of radial stress on the surface of nanofilm and nanofilm layers is the critical parameter identified in both excitation mechanisms leading to mechanical material failure. Experimentally, it is determined that above a critical LIP clearance distance, no substrate damage is observed for the EUVL blank during cleaning regardless of the number of laser shots. It is concluded that pressure amplification methods and creation of residual radial tension in nanofilms could be employed to extend EUVL mask damage threshold for LIP exposure during cleaning.
Passenger mutations confound phenotypes of SARM1-deficient mice (2019)

Abstract The Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor protein SARM1 is expressed primarily in the brain, where it mediates axonal degeneration. Additional roles for SARM1 in a number of other processes including TLR-signaling, viral infection, chemokine expression, and expression of the proapoptotic protein XAF1 have also been described. Much of the supporting evidence for SARM1 function has been generated by comparing WT C57BL/6 (B6) mice to SARM1-deficient mice backcrossed to the B6 background. Here we show that the Sarm1 gene lies in a gene-rich region encompassing XAF1, and the MIP and MCP chemokine family loci among other genes. Because gene-targeting of SARM1-deficient strains was done with 129 ES cells and these genes are too close to segregate, they remain 129 in sequence. As this could account for phenotypes attributed to SARM1, we generated new knockout mouse strains on a pure B6 background using CRISPR. Experiments in these new strains confirmed the role of SARM1 in axonal degeneration and susceptibility to WNV infection, but not in susceptibility to VSV or LACV infection, or chemokine or Xaf1 expression. Notably, the Xaf1 gene shows sequence variation between B6 and 129, resulting in coding changes and novel splice variants. Given its known role in apoptosis, XAF1 variants may account for some phenotypes described in previously made SARM1-deficient strains. RNAseq in the new strains reveal changes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and ribosomal proteins, suggesting possible downstream targets of SARM1. Re-evaluation of described phenotypes in these new strains will be critical for defining the function of SARM1.
Serum procalcitonin, interleukin-6, soluble intercellular adhesin molecule-1 and IgG to shortchain exocellular lipoteichoic acid as predictors of infection in total joint prosthesis revision (2010)

The diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection and its differentiation from aseptic loosening remains problematic. The definitive laboratory diagnostic test is the recovery of identical infectious agents from multiple intraoperative tissue samples; however, interpretation of positive cultures is often complex as infection is frequently associated with low numbers of commensal microorganisms, in particular the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). In this investigation, the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) as predictors of infection in revision hip replacement surgery is assessed. Furthermore, the diagnostic value of serum IgG to short-chain exocellular lipoteichoic acid (sce-LTA) is assessed in patients with infection due to CNS. Presurgical levels of conventional serum markers of infection including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell count (WBC) is also established. Forty-six patients undergoing revision hip surgery were recruited with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of either septic (16 patients) or aseptic loosening (30 patients). The diagnosis was confirmed microbiologically and levels of serum markers were determined. Serum levels of IL-6 and sICAM-1 were significantly raised in patients with septic loosening (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0002, respectively). Serum IgG to sce-LTA was elevated in three out of four patients with infection due to CNS. In contrast, PCT was not found to be of value in differentiating septic and aseptic loosening. Furthermore, CRP, ESR and WBC were significantly higher (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively) in patients with septic loosening. Serum levels of IL-6, sICAM-1 and IgG to sce-LTA may provide additional information to facilitate the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection.
Stereochemical Requirements for β-Hairpin Formation:  Model Studies with Four-Residue Peptides and Depsipeptides (1996)

Spectroscopic and crystallographic data are presented for a series of tetrapeptides and analogous depsipeptides that can form a minimal β-hairpin (two intramolecular hydrogen bonds). These model compounds have been used to test the hypothesis that “mirror image” β-turns promote β-hairpin formation. This hypothesis was inspired by a statistical survey of β-hairpins in globular proteins (Sibanda, B. L.; Thornton, J. M. Nature 1985, 316, 170), which showed that mirror image β-turns (type I‘ and type II‘), although rare in general, are very commonly associated with β-hairpins containing a two-residue loop between the strand segments. Each of our four-residue molecules contains proline at the second position, to promote a central β-turn. The β-turn is induced to be either “common” or “mirror-image”, relative to the outer residues, by choice of residue configuration (l vs d). In methylene chloride, end-capped tetrapeptide Ac−l-Val-d-Pro-d-Ala-l-Leu-NMe2 folds largely into the β-hairpin conformation, while the diastereomer Ac-l-Val-l-Pro-l-Ala-l-Leu-NMe2 displays little or no β-hairpin folding. For each diastereomer, the hydrogen-bonded driving force for β-hairpin folding is identical, and the dramatic difference in folding behavior therefore reflects a variation in the intrinsic conformational properties of the diastereomeric backbones. Similar behavior is seen for the diastereomeric peptide pair Ac-l-Val-d-Pro-Gly-l-Leu-NMe2 vs Ac-l-Val-l-Pro-Gly-l-Leu-NMe2, and for the analogous depsipeptides with a lactic acid or glycolic acid residue at the third position. Thus, our results show not only that mirror-image Pro-X turns strongly promote β-hairpin folding, but also that common β-turns strongly discourage formation of a β-hairpin with a two-residue loop.
Intrathymic administration of hematopoietic progenitor cells enhances T cell reconstitution in ZAP-70 severe combined immunodeficiency (2005)

Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) present with opportunistic infections that are almost universally fatal in infancy. The mainstay treatment for these patients is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, but sustained polyclonal T cell reconstitution is too often unsatisfactory. Although transplantation is conventionally performed by i.v. administration of HSC, we hypothesized that an intrathymic strategy would be superior. Indeed, several progenitor cell populations are incapable of homing to the thymus, the major site of T cell differentiation, and it appears that there are extensive time periods during which the thymus is refractory to progenitor cell import. To test this hypothesis, nonconditioned infant ZAP-70-deficient SCID mice were intrathymically injected with WT bone marrow progenitor cells, a procedure accomplished without surgical intervention. Upon intrathymic HSC injection, there was a more rapid T cell differentiation, with mature thymocytes detected by 4 weeks after transplantation. Intrathymic injection of HSC also resulted in significantly higher numbers of peripheral T cells, increased percentages of naïve T cells, and more diverse T cell receptor repertoires. Moreover, T cell reconstitution after intrathymic transplantation was obtained after injection of 10-fold fewer donor HSC. Thus, this intrathymic transplantation approach may improve the outcome of SCID patients by enhancing T cell reconstitution.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Synthesis of Cyclohexanone Oxime from Nitrobenzene Using a Bifunctional Catalyst. (2014)

Abstract It is crucial to use supported gold and palladium on separated carbon particles to prepare the product in high yield.
A Sensor for Measuring Gel Phase-Transition Temperature, with Potential as a Metal Ion Detector (1997)

This paper describes a sensor employing a gel formed from an interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) and a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid. This gel exhibits a continuous volume-phase transition that is strongly dependent on the presence of polyvalent metal ions in the gel solvent. A sensor apparatus has been constructed that estimates, in real time, the transition temperature of a gel. When this sensor is loaded with a gel sensitive to metal ions, it could be used to detect the presence and identity of metal ions in a solution.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Design: MOSFET Design (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Basic ESD Design Concepts ESD MOSFET Design: Channel Width ESD MOSFET Design: Contacts ESD MOSFET Design: Metal Distribution ESD MOSFET Design: Silicide Masking ESD MOSFET Design: Series Cascode Configurations ESD MOSFET Design: Multi-Finger Design Integration of Coupling and Ballasting Techniques ESD MOSFET Design: Enclosed Drain Design Practice ESD MOSFET Interconnect Ballasting Design ESD MOSFET Design: Source and Drain Segmentation Summary and Closing Comments Problems References
TGF-β Signaling Is Associated with Endocytosis at the Pocket Region of the Primary Cilium (2013)

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is regulated by clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) for the control of cellular processes during development and in tissue homeostasis. The primary cilium coordinates several signaling pathways, and the pocket surrounding the base and proximal part of the cilium is a site for CDE. We report here that TGF-β receptors localize to the ciliary tip and endocytic vesicles at the ciliary base in fibroblasts and that TGF-β stimulation increases receptor localization and activation of SMAD2/3 and ERK1/2 at the ciliary base. Inhibition of CDE reduced TGF-β-mediated signaling at the cilium, and TGF-β signaling and CDE activity are reduced at stunted primary cilia in Tg737orpk fibroblasts. Similarly, TGF-β signaling during cardiomyogenesis correlated with accumulation of TGF-β receptors and activation of SMAD2/3 at the ciliary base. Our results indicate that the primary cilium regulates TGF-β signaling and that the ciliary pocket is a compartment for CDE-dependent regulation of signal transduction.
Aberrant Activation of hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A Ratios Mediate the Anticancer Effect of Garcinol in STAT3/5A-Addicted GBM (2019)

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant grade IV tumor, is the most malignant brain tumor due to its hyper-proliferative and apoptosis-evading characteristics. The signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) family genes, including STAT3 and STAT5A, have been indicated to play important roles in GBM progression. Increasing number of reports suggest that Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone and major bioactive component of Garcinia indica contains potent anti-cancer activities. Material &amp;amp; Methods: The present study investigated the anti-GBM effects of garcinol, focusing on the STAT3/STAT5A activation, using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro, and ex vivo assays. Results: Our bioinformatics analysis of TCGA - GBM cohort (n=173) showed that STAT3 and STAT5A are preferentially elevated in primary and recurrent GBM, compared to non-tumor brain tissues, and is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival. In support, our immunohistochemical staining of a GBM cohort (n=30) showed an estimated 5.3-fold (p&amp;lt;0.001) elevation in STAT3 and STAT5A protein expression in primary and recurrent GBM versus the non-tumor group. In vitro, garcinol treatment significantly suppressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potential of U87MG or GBM8401 cells, dose-dependently. In addition, garcinol anticancer effect significantly attenuated the GBM stem cell-like phenotypes, as reflected by diminished ability of U87MG or GBM8401 to form colonies and tumorspheres and suppressed expression of OCT4 and SOX2. Furthermore, analysis on GBM transcriptome revealed an inverse correlation between the level of STAT3/5A and hsa-miR-181d. Garcinol-mediated anti-GBM effects were associated with an increased hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratio. Conclusion: We present evidence of anti-GBM efficacy of garcinol mediated by enhancing the hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratios in GBM cells. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic agent for combating aggressive GBM.
Subthreshold electrical transport in amorphous phase-change materials (2015)

Chalcogenide-based phase-change materials play a prominent role in information technology. In spite of decades of research, the details of electrical transport in these materials are still debated. In this article, we present a unified model based on multiple-trapping transport together with 3D Poole–Frenkel emission from a two-center Coulomb potential. With this model, we are able to explain electrical transport both in as-deposited phase-change material thin films, similar to experimental conditions in early work dating back to the 1970s, and in melt-quenched phase-change materials in nanometer-scale phase-change memory devices typically used in recent studies. Experimental measurements on two widely different device platforms show remarkable agreement with the proposed mechanism over a wide range of temperatures and electric fields. In addition, the proposed model is able to seamlessly capture the temporal evolution of the transport properties of the melt-quenched phase upon structural relaxation.
The regiospecific p-deiodination of 2,4-di-iodo phenols; a new synthesis of aflatoxin B2 (1990)

S. Horne, G. Weeratunga and R. Rodrigo, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 39 DOI: 10.1039/C39900000039
Fsp27 plays a crucial role in muscle performance (2022)

Fsp27 was previously identified as a lipid droplet-associated protein in adipocytes. Various studies have shown that it plays a role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis in adipose tissue and liver. However, its function in muscle, which also accumulate and metabolize fat, remains completely unknown. Our present study identifies a novel role of Fsp27 in muscle performance. Here, we demonstrate that Fsp27<sup>-/-</sup> and Fsp27<sup>+/-</sup> mice, both males and females, had severely impaired muscle endurance and exercise capacity compared with wild-type controls. Liver and muscle glycogen stores were similar among all groups fed or fasted, and before or after exercise. Reduced muscle performance in Fsp27<sup>-/-</sup> and Fsp27<sup>+/-</sup> mice was associated with severely decreased fat content in the muscle. Furthermore, results in heterozygous Fsp27<sup>+/-</sup> mice indicate that Fsp27 haploinsufficiency undermines muscle performance in both males and females. In summary, our physiological findings reveal that Fsp27 plays a critical role in muscular fat storage, muscle endurance, and muscle strength.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This is the first study identifying Fsp27 as a novel protein associated with muscle metabolism. The Fsp27-knockout model shows that Fsp27 plays a role in muscular-fat storage, muscle endurance, and muscle strength, which ultimately impacts limb movement. In addition, our study suggests a potential metabolic paradox in which FSP27-knockout mice presumed to be metabolically healthy based on glucose utilization and oxidative metabolism are unhealthy in terms of exercise capacity and muscular performance.
Multiple Representations of the Body Within the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Primates (1979)

Microelectrode mapping experiments indicate that the classical primary somatosensory cortex of monkeys consists of as many as four separate body representations rather than just one. Two complete body surface representations occupy cortical fields 3b and 1. In addition, area 2 contains an orderly representation of predominantly "deep" body tissues. Area 3a may constitute a fourth representation.
Dictionary model for the analysis of E. Coli promoter regions (2004)

We illustrate the application of the dictionary model to a problem of data analysis concerning E. Coli: the estimation of the location of binding sites in the genome of a collection of known regulatory proteins. We also describe a more general model that simultaneously analyzes gene expression array and sequence data.
Wayside Ultracapacitors Storage Design for Light Transportation Systems: a Multiobjective Optimization Approach (2013)

In the paper a powerful technique based upon a multiobjective optimization is proposed in order to design stationary ultracapacitor storage devices, characterized by high energy density, for a rationale exploitation of the braking energy recovery, at the aim of improving the energy efficiency and the pantograph voltage profile. The methodological approach is able to determine the fundamental requirements of the storage device which is coupled to the transportation electrical network by a bidirectional dc-dc converter. The ability of the multiobjective optimization consists in treating contemporaneously several aspects in an integrated way. The reported simulations relative to a case study allow to confirm the intrinsic potentiality of this technique. In the last part of the paper some experimental results are also portrayed, with respect to a scale model simulator, in order to highlight the feasibility and the actual implementation of the proposed multiobjective optimization technique
Magnetic Elastomers for Stretchable Inductors (2015)

In this work, silicone loaded with magnetic particles is investigated for creating a composite with higher permeability while still maintaining stretchability. Magnetic and mechanical properties are first characterized for composites based on both spherical and platelet particle geometries. The first magnetic-core stretchable inductors are then demonstrated using the resulting ferroelastomer. Solenoid inductors based on liquid metal galinstan are then demonstrated around a ferroelastomeric core and shown to survive uniaxial strains up to 100%. Soft elastomers loaded with magnetic particles were found to increase the core permeability and inductance density of stretchable inductors by nearly 200%.
Cloud computing for ATM - Framework analysis (2013)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation.
Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts with Saturated Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands (2005)

The facile synthesis of two new unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands from commercially available monosubstituted diamines is presented. The resultant unsymmetrical NHC ligands have been complexed to ruthenium to give novel olefin metathesis initiators. Of particular interest, the new complexes (7a and 8a) gave significantly different E:Z ratios in cross-metathesis reactions and gave an improved selectivity in diastereoselective ring-closing metathesis, in comparison to the corresponding Grubbs 2 (2) and Hoveyda−Grubbs (3) complexes.
Extraction of the blood vessel from MRI image, based on the flow velocity (2002)

Recently many researchers have worked on extracting the region of the blood vessel from MRI image automatically and have good results. Most of the researches considered the geometrical character and the intensity. However, both of the shape and the intensity varied with the patient. The error estimation was difficult, because the inside of the blood vessel have been usually recognized by the operator, based on the image appearance.. In this study, we proposed the method to extract the region of the blood vessel, based on the velocity.
On the relationship between iron concentration and induced polarization in marsh soils (2006)

Abstract Induced polarization (IP) measurements (0.1–1000Hz) were conducted on seventeen clay and peat marsh soils that were subsequently analyzed for heavy metal concentrations, moisture content, organic matter, porosity, specific surface area, and pore fluid conductivity. A Cole-Cole model was fit to each sample and model parameters analyzed in terms of physicochemical properties. We found a linear relation between the normalized chargeability (mn) and estimated surface area to pore volume (Sp) when iron content (ranging from 0.25% to 1.63% by volume) is accounted for as a polarizable element of the soil. In fact, the dependence of mn on volumetric Fe concentration per unit volume of the bulk soil is described by a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.94. As Fe concentration is a critical biogeochemical parameter, our findings suggest that IP measurements may provide a hitherto unrecognized approach to probing soil geochemistry, iron cycling and anaerobic microbial activity. Furthermore, our results yield insights into physicochemical controls on IP in natural soils.