gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of 1,6-Diazaphenalene. Electrophilic Substitution and Reaction with Singlet Oxygen (1981)

The nitration, bromination, acylation, and alkylation of 1,6diazaphenalene It) havebeen investigated as well as the reaction of the title compound with singlet oxygen.These transfoemations have been compared to similar reactions known to take place with imidazoles.~ecently we have had occasion to synthesize1 the heterocycle, 1,6-diazaphenalene (11, as a template for preparation of potential antimalarial This brightly colored yellow solid, the first diazaphenalene to be prepared, is of special interest because of its similarity to imidazole in some of its chemical and physical properties.For instance, the proton transfer $a to is more rapid than the nmr time scale4 which results in a much simplified mr spectrum analogous to the case of imidazole.5Moreover, the p& of I, as measvred by a potentiometric titration, was found to be 6.56 while the value for imidazole is 6.95.6In contrast the pK, of winoline measured under analogous conditions has been reported to be 4.94.' Clearly the Mu spectrum and pKa data recorded for 1 indicate the compound bears a strong resemblance to imidazole.Because of continuing interest in the physical and chemical properties of imidazole, expecial-1Y those related to the catalysis of hydrolytic reactions,' we have investigated a number of different reactions of 1 in an attempt to compare the chemical properties of 1 with those reported for imidazole.As we have previously noted1 ; appears to behave in many of its reections as though
Adenosine A2Receptor Presence and Synergy with Cholinergic Stimulation in Rabbit Lacrimal Gland (2010)

The study reveals the presence of the adenosine A(2) receptor subtypes as well as a role for them in lacrimal gland secretion, and especially in the synergy with purinergic and cholinergic stimulation.
Cocaine Benzoyl Thioester:  Synthesis, Kinetics of Base Hydrolysis, and Application to the Assay of Cocaine Esterases (1998)

The synthesis and characterization of diastereomers of cocaine benzoyl thioester is described. Allococaine benzoyl thioester and allopseudococaine benzoyl thioester were synthesized by the conjugate addition of p-methoxytolyl thiol to ecgonine methyl ester followed by debenzylation and benzoylation. The absolute structure of the hydrochloride salt of the major ecgonine p-methoxytolyl sulfide formed was determined by single-crystal diffraction analysis and used to establish the addition geometry. When placed in aqueous solution, the cocaine benzoyl thioester diastereomers hydrolyzed to give thioecgonine methyl ester. The rate of cocaine benzoyl thioester hydrolysis was carefully investigated spectrophotometrically by using the Ellman reagent. At neutral pH, the hydrolysis of the diastereomers was found to proceed at detectable rates. Upon increasing pH, the rate of hydrolysis of cocaine benzoyl thioester diastereomers was increased and the reaction was catalyzed by basic buffer species. In addition to defining the kinetics of hydrolysis in aqueous solution, cocaine benzoyl thioester was utilized as a highly efficient method to monitor the activity of cholinesterases and pig liver esterase. Use of cocaine benzoyl thioester represents a rapid and sensitive way to screen for cocaine esterase activity.
Relationship between Grain Yield and Quality Traits under Optimum and Low-Nitrogen Stress Environments in Tropical Maize (2022)

Breeding for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important to deal with food insecurity and its effect on grain quality, particularly protein. A total of 1679 hybrids were evaluated in 16 different trials for grain yield (GY), grain quality traits (protein, starch and oil content) and kernel weight (KW) under optimum and managed low soil nitrogen fields in Kiboko, Kenya, from 2011 to 2014. The objectives of our study were to understand (i) the effect of low soil N stress on GY and quality traits, (ii) the relationship between GY and quality traits under each soil management condition and (iii) the relationship of traits with low-N versus optimum conditions. From the results, we observed the negative effects of low N on GY, KW and the percentage of protein content, and a positive effect on the percentage of starch content. The correlation between GY and all quality traits was very weak under both soil N conditions. GY had a strong relationship with KW under both optimum and low soil N conditions. Protein and starch content was significantly negative under both optimum and low-N conditions. There was no clear relationship among quality traits under optimum and low N, except for oil content. Therefore, it seems feasible to simultaneously improve GY along with quality traits under both optimum and low-N conditions, except for oil content. However, the negative trend observed between GY (starch) and protein content suggests the need for the regular monitoring of protein and starch content to identify varieties that combine both high GY and acceptable quality. Finally, we recommend further research with a few tropical maize genotypes contrasting for NUE to understand the relationship between the change in grain quality and NUE under low-N conditions.
In-plane coupled Fabry–Perot micro-cavities based on Si-air Bragg mirrors: a theoretical and practical study (2018)

In-plane Fabry-Perot cavities based on deeply etched Bragg mirrors are used in many microphotonic applications including sensing, telecom, and swept laser devices. A main limitation to their performance is the small free spectral range (FSR) and low finesse. The FSR limits the dynamic range or the wavelength tuning range, while the linewidth limits the resolution. In this work, we propose coupled Fabry-Perot micro-cavities that greatly enhance the FSR, besides reducing the linewidth, which lead to higher finesse and better performance. The proposed structure is modeled and etched on Si substrate to a depth of 150 μm using the deep reactive ion etching technology. Optical measurements indicate an enhanced FSR of more than 140 nm and a quality factor of 3152 using coupled cavities as compared to only 9 nm FSR for a single cavity of the same length. The over-etching and surface roughness, being the main effective fabrication tolerances, are modeled and extracted from the measurements.
Effects of MRI scan acceleration on brain volume measurement consistency (2012)

The most important findings are that the accelerated acquisitions appear to be compatible with the assessment of high-quality quantitative information and that for highest scan-rescan accuracy in serial scans the acquisition protocol should be kept as consistent as possible over time.
Application of Smart Bolt to Early Stage Damage Monitoring of Composite Shear Fastener Joint (2008)

Joints must be the most common source of failure in any structures. Especially, aircraft structures are strongly demanded to reduce their weight keeping structural reliability in higher level. In recent years, as composite materials became applied more and more in aircraft structures, there exist many composite/metal mechanical joints. So, it is important to make clear the damage behavior of composite/metal mechanical joint. Authors proposed the method to monitor the mechanical behaviors using the fastener bolt embedded an optical fiber sensor, i. e. Smart bolt. In this paper, we try to apply this method to detect the early stage of bearing damage around fastener holes of composites. The results are summarized as follows; (1) we can detect the damage by the change of inclination in the relationship between load and axial strain measured by Smart bolt, and (2) it was shown that the early stage of damage of composites around the fastener hole can be detected by using Smart bolt
Evaluation des paramètres d'obtention de la qualité des bétons projetés utilisés dans des soutènements provisoires, des revêtements définitifs et des renforcements d'ouvrages (2003)

Shotcrete is a sticking material which develops a resistance on the support without the need of a formwork. These characteristics make it a preferred material for specific uses like provisional tunnel support and building repair works. Shotcreting technique and mixtures formulation are closely bound to empirism. Rules exist in this field, but they don’t allow to achieve a guaranteed quality of the sprayed shotcrete. To enhance the topic knowledge, an experimental program has been set up, the goal of which is to collect any information about mixtures spraying and sprayed concrete characteristics. Thanks to similar operating conditions, the experiments results are comparable to worksite results. They support or question ideas on this topic. They also allow to obtain value ranges about shotcrete, for usual or specific characteristics, like durability. At last, some results are used to propose a shotcrete mixture optimisation, according to justified selected criteria.
A numerical absorbing boundary condition for edge‐based finite‐element analysis (1994)

Abstract The numerical absorbing boundary condition (NABC) approach is applied to the problem of deriving the local boundary conditions that can be employed in conjunction with the edge‐based formulation of the finite‐element method (FEM) to s olue electromagnetic scattering and radiation problem. The key step in this approach is to derive linear relationships that link the values of the field along the boundary edges to those at the neighboring ones. These linear relationships are satisfied, to within a certain tolerance, by all of the outgoing wave components. They can thus be used in lieu of the FEM equations employing the usual absorbing boundary conditions for the boundary edges. The NABC approach not only provides a simple way to derive an accurate boundary condition for mesh truncation, but also presemes the banded structure of the FEM matrices. © 2994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Experimental study of the compression behavior of mask image projection based on stereolithography manufactured parts (2019)

The article presents the results of a series of compression tests on samples manufactured by means of the mask image projection based on stereolithography additive manufacturing technique (MIP-SL). Recent studies demonstrate the orthotropic nature of the MIP-SL materials. A research is initiated by the authors to attempt to predict the degree of anisotropy from the manufacturing parameters of the MIP-SL parts. The article focuses mainly on the development of the experimental compression tests of the first stage of the research. Special attention is paid to the four methods used to obtain the stress-strain curve of the material: strain gages, 2D Digital Image Correlation, extensometer measurements and crosshead displacement measurements. The article shows the advantages and limitations of each method. Finally, the anisotropic behaviour is verified and a testing procedure is set to obtain the constitutive parameters of the MIP-SL tested materials.
Endogenous stem cell proliferation induced by intravenous hedgehog agonist administration after contusion in the adult rat spinal cord (2009)

An intravenous Hh agonist at doses that upregulate spinal cord Gli1 transcription also increases the population of neural precursor cells after spinal cord injury in adult rats. These data support previous findings based on injections of Shh protein directly into the spinal cord.
Low-dimensional representations of hyperspectral data for use in CRF-based classification (2015)

Probabilistic graphical models have strong potential for use in hyperspectral image classification. One important class of probabilisitic graphical models is the Conditional Random Field (CRF), which has distinct advantages over traditional Markov Random Fields (MRF), including: no independence assumption is made over the observation, and local and pairwise potential features can be defined with flexibility. Conventional methods for hyperspectral image classification utilize all spectral bands and assign the corresponding raw intensity values into the feature functions in CRFs. These methods, however, require significant computational efforts and yield an ambiguous summary from the data. To mitigate these problems, we propose a novel processing method for hyperspectral image classification by incorporating a lower dimensional representation into the CRFs. In this paper, we use representations based on three types of graph-based dimensionality reduction algorithms: Laplacian Eigemaps (LE), Spatial-Spectral Schroedinger Eigenmaps (SSSE), and Local Linear Embedding (LLE), and we investigate the impact of choice of representation on the subsequent CRF-based classifications.
Silicon on insulator optical modulators for integration in photonic optical circuits (2014)

This paper summarises our work on modulators for integration, either as a front end approach, or a co-location of custom electronic drivers, approaches that have yielded data rates up to 50Gb/s from a range of device variants. As well as more conventional depletion based devices, we also report photonic crystal cavity based modulators for very low power consumption, as well as other device variants aimed at improving device performance metrics.
How to sign given any trapdoor function (1988)

We present a digital signature scheme which combines high security with the property of being based on a very general assumption: the existence of trapdoor permutations. Previous signature schemes with comparable levels of security were based on assumptions of the computational hardness of particular algebraic problems such as factoring. Our contribution is to free this important cryptographic primitive from the fortunes of any specific algebraic problem by establishing a truly general signature scheme.
Process highlights to enhance DSA contact patterning performances (2016)

In this paper, we focus on the directed-self-assembly (DSA) application for contact hole (CH) patterning using polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymers (BCPs). By employing the DSA planarization process, we highlight the DSA advantages for CH shrink, repair and multiplication which are extremely needed to push forward the limits of currently used lithography. Meanwhile, we overcome the issue of pattern densityrelated- defects that are encountered with the commonly-used graphoepitaxy process flow. Our study also aims to evaluate DSA performances as function of material properties and process conditions by monitoring main key manufacturing process parameters: CD uniformity (CDU), placement error (PE) and defectivity (Hole Open Yield = HOY). Concerning process, it is shown that the control of surface affinity and the optimization of self-assembly annealing conditions enable to significantly enhance CDU and PE. Regarding materials properties, we show that the best BCP composition for CH patterning should be set at 70/30 of PS/PMMA total weight ratio. Moreover, it is found that increasing the PS homopolymer content from 0.2% to 1% has no impact on DSA performances. Using a C35 BCP (cylinder-forming BCP of natural period L<sub>0</sub> = 35nm), high DSA performances are achieved: CDU-3&sigma; = 1.2nm, PE-3&sigma; = 1.2nm and HOY = 100%. The stability of DSA process is also demonstrated through the process follow-up on both patterned and unpatterned surfaces over several weeks. Finally, simulation results, using a phase field model based on Ohta-Kawasaki energy functional are presented and discussed with regards to experiments.
XPOMET Tag 2: Regenerative Medizin und Präzisionsmedizin (2018)

Von Zukunftsträumen hin zur Realität zugelassener Verfahren: Expertenvorträge zur regenerativen Medizin – mit ihren Erfolgen beim Nachbau auch komplexer Organe und bei der Verjüngung – und zur Präzisionsmedizin, die mit individualisierten molekularen Therapien Patienten hilft, bei denen herkömmliche Therapien versagen.
A DVD authoring system with a layered model (2005)

A layered model for efficient DVD (Digita1 Video Disk) authoring is proposed in this paper. A tool that maintains a list of the hierarchical dependencies among objects and actions to be applied to these objects is also proposed.
Unveiling the magic of H2S on the CVD-Al2O3 coating (1999)

The role of H 2 S in the mechanism of CVD-Al 2 O 3 coating was investigated by measuring particles suspended in the gas phase with an optical particle counter. H 2 S doping, of the CVD-Al 2 O 3 process improves the homogeneity of thickness and growth rate of the Al 2 O 3 layer. The number of particles produced in the reactor whose size was larger than 200 nm was dramatically reduced by H 2 S doping. The effect of H 2 S doping appears to be a reduction of the size of Al 2 O 3 particles present in the reactor. These smaller particles have a greater mobility, which will allow them to arrive at the surface, regardless of the shape or arrangement of the substrate inside the reactor.
Abstract 108: Thioredoxin-interacting Protein Interacts with Glucose Transporters to Regulate Cardiac Glucose Metabolism (2016)

A change in basal glucose transport into skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose is a critical feature of insulin resistance and diabetes. Glucose transport is tightly regulated by a protein family of glucose transporters (GLUTs). Thus, defining how cardiomyocytes adapt to changes in extracellular and intracellular glucose concentrations by recruiting GLUTs is crucial to understanding cardiac metabolism under both normal and diabetic conditions. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (Txnip), originally characterized as a binding partner of antioxidant thioredoxin, is now known to be a member of the arrestin protein superfamily. We have previously shown that glucose uptake is robustly enhanced in Txnip-knockout hearts; however, the precise mechanism for this effect remains elusive. Here, we present a novel feedback mechanism by which Txnip controls glucose metabolism. High glucose levels induced Txnip expression in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro and in the myocardium of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice in vivo. Our proteomic and functional analyses found that Txnip directly interacts with GLUT1 and GLUT4 and strikingly inhibits cellular glucose uptake through direct interactions with GLUTs. Using inducible cardiac-specific deletion of Txnip (Txnip-CKO), we further demonstrated that Txnip plays a functional role in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. While β-adrenergic challenge revealed a blunted myocardial inotropic response in wild type diabetic animals, Txnip-CKO diabetic mice retained a greater cardiac response to β-adrenergic stimulation. An ex vivo analysis of perfused hearts further demonstrated that the enhanced functional reserve afforded by deletion of Txnip was associated with myocardial glucose utilization during β-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, a high extracellular glucose concentration represses glucose uptake into the cytoplasm via Txnip-mediated inhibition of GLUTs. The metabolic alterations affected by Txnip deletion promote myocardial glucose uptake, directing cardiomyocyte towards enhanced functional reserve under diabetic conditions. These results provide a novel link between GLUTs and Txnip and highlight a fundamental regulatory mechanism of glucose homeostasis in the heart.
Power Efficient Discontinuous Reception in THz and mmWave Wireless Systems (2019)

Discontinuous reception (DRX), where a user equipment (UE) temporarily disables its receiver, is a critical power saving feature in modern cellular systems. DRX is likely to be particularly aggressively used in the mmWave and THz frequencies due to the high front end power consumption. A key challenge of DRX in these frequencies is that individual links are directional and highly susceptible to blockage. MmWave and THz UEs will therefore likely need to monitor multiple cells in multiple directions to ensure continuous reliable connectivity. This work proposes a novel, heuristic algorithm to dynamically select the cells to monitor to attempt to optimally trade-off link reliability and power consumption. The paper provides preliminary estimates of connected mode DRX mode consumption using detailed and realistic statistical models of blockers at both 28 and 140 GHz. It is found that although blockage dynamics are faster at 140 GHz, reliable connectivity at low power can be maintained with sufficient macro-diversity and link prediction.
Experimental Study of Bandwidth Loading with Modulated Signals vs. ASE Noise in 400ZR Single-Span Transmission (2022)

We compare performance of a single-span 400ZR system with bandwidth loading over 2.4 THz from independent modulated signals, channelized ASE noise, or flat ASE noise bands, and quantify the impact on optimum launch power.
Formation and control of line defects caused by tectonics of water droplet arrays during self-organized honeycomb-patterned polymer film formation (2013)

This study describes the formation of macro-scale defects of the honeycomb-patterned polymer film and we discovered two types of new line defects which differ from the defects reported in the past studies. We examined the formation mechanisms of the line defects and clarified two types of formation mechanisms of the "Divergent" mode line defects and the "Convergent" mode line defects caused by the "tectonics" of water droplet arrays on polymer solutions. The regions causing the macro-scale line defects are made clear in the phase diagram represented by the radius and the density of the micro-scale water droplets. In addition, the results of our calculations made it possible to theoretically predict the water droplet growth time for the water droplets to grow to the ideal size for uniform packing that is necessary for fabrication of the defect-free honeycomb-patterned polymer film. With the use of these techniques, A4-sized, defect-free, honeycomb-patterned polymer films can be fabricated.
Passive stimulated Brilloun scattering suppression for broadband passive optical networks (2004)

We demonstrate passive SBS suppression through fiber design enabling 4.0-dB advantage compared to standard single-mode fiber, while maintaining compliance with ITU G.652.D requirements. We further demonstrate this advantage by monitoring common analog video metrics.
Characteristics of the Recirculation Sector of Finfish Aquaculture in the United States and Canada (2003)

recirculation sector of finfish aquaculture in the United States and Canada.
Using social network graphs for search space reduction in internet of things (2012)

In this paper, we explore reduction of search space in sensor data analytics using social network graph theory. Human centric social network allow graphical connect of individuals either based on familiarity or common intent. This facilitates people centric applications as they now operate on a much smaller data set. Extending this analogy to sensor networks, if sensors can be associated with meaningful social groups, it will reduce sensor data analytics and processing overhead for an application by a huge order. In this paper we explore how in Internet-of-Things sensors can be assigned to human beings who in turn are connected in social networks. Effectively in this way, sensors become part of a social network that results in a reduced data set for sensor data analytics.
Demonstration of a new ICPC design with a double-effect absorption chiller in an office building in Sacramento, California[Integrated Compound Parabolic Concentrator] (1999)

In 1998 two new technologies, a new ICPC solar collector and the solar operation of a double effect chiller, have been demonstrated for the first in an office building in Sacramento, California. This paper describes the demonstration project and reports on component and system performance.