gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the quasielastic axial vector mass in neutrino interactions on oxygen (2006)

The weak nucleon axial-vector form factor for quasielastic interactions is determined using neutrino interaction data from the K2K Scintillating Fiber detector in the neutrino beam at KEK. More than 12 000 events are analyzed, of which half are charged-current quasielastic interactions ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ occurring primarily in oxygen nuclei. We use a relativistic Fermi gas model for oxygen and assume the form factor is approximately a dipole with one parameter, the axial-vector mass ${M}_{A}$, and fit to the shape of the distribution of the square of the momentum transfer from the nucleon to the nucleus. Our best fit result for ${M}_{A}=1.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. Furthermore, this analysis includes updated vector form factors from recent electron scattering experiments and a discussion of the effects of the nucleon momentum on the shape of the fitted distributions.
CT-Based Local Distribution Metric Improves Characterization of COPD (2017)

Parametric response mapping (PRM) of paired CT lung images has been shown to improve the phenotyping of COPD by allowing for the visualization and quantification of non-emphysematous air trapping component, referred to as functional small airways disease (fSAD). Although promising, large variability in the standard method for analyzing PRM<sup>fSAD</sup> has been observed. We postulate that representing the 3D PRM<sup>fSAD</sup> data as a single scalar quantity (relative volume of PRM<sup>fSAD</sup>) oversimplifies the original 3D data, limiting its potential to detect the subtle progression of COPD as well as varying subtypes. In this study, we propose a new approach to analyze PRM. Based on topological techniques, we generate 3D maps of local topological features from 3D PRM<sup>fSAD</sup> classification maps. We found that the surface area of fSAD (S<sup>fSAD</sup>) was the most robust and significant independent indicator of clinically meaningful measures of COPD. We also confirmed by micro-CT of human lung specimens that structural differences are associated with unique S<sup>fSAD</sup> patterns, and demonstrated longitudinal feature alterations occurred with worsening pulmonary function independent of an increase in disease extent. These findings suggest that our technique captures additional COPD characteristics, which may provide important opportunities for improved diagnosis of COPD patients.
Intelligent Resource Director (2002)

Intelligent Resource Director (IRD), a feature of the IBM eServer zSeries™ processors and the z/OS™ operating system, manages multiple heterogeneous workloads with various business priorities toward achieving their goals. It establishes a more synergistic relationship with the Workload Manager (WLM) component of z/OS and the zSeries hardware, and augments the adjustments that WLM makes to local sysplex members by managing the set of logical partitions on a particular central processing complex (CPC) that are part of the same sysplex, known as a logically partitioned (LPAR) cluster. This paper describes the three primary areas that IRD manages: LPAR CPU management, channel subsystem priority queueing (CSSPQ), and dynamic channel path management (DCM).
Development of compact lattice optical clocks towards future space clocks (2013)

Within the ELIPS program of ESA, the “Space Optical Clocks” (SOC) project aims to install and to operate an optical lattice clock on the ISS towards the end of this decade. In this project two accurate transportable lattice optical clock demonstrators having relative frequency instability below 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> at 1 s integration time and relative inaccuracy below 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-17</sup> are under development. Crucial requirements are moderate volume, electrical power consumption and mass, and robustness. Furthermore, a modular concept is favourable.
Interpreting Light Scattering from Cells Subjected to Oxidative Stress (2006)

Analysis of light scattering from cells subjected to oxidative stress reveals subtle changes in organelle morphology. Angle resolved scattering is very sensitive to mitochondrial swelling induced by direct mitochondrial insult and by downstream effects originating in lysosomes. Recent work suggests that scattering measurements performed on cells loaded with organelle-specific absorbers can place constraints on the refractive index of organelle populations.
PPP2R1BGene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias and Mantle Cell Lymphomas (2001)

Deletion of chromosome bands 11q22-q23 is one of the most common structural chromosome alterations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The PPP2R1B gene is located very close to the minimal common deletion region of 11q22-q23 in CLL and MCL. Recently, the PPP2R1B gene was found to be mutated in human lung and colon cancers. To evaluate the role of the PPP2R1B gene in the pathogenesis of CLL and MCL, we performed RT-PCR analysis and cDNA sequencing on 10 CLL RNA samples and SSCP analysis on 26 CLL and 37 MCL genomic DNA samples. A deletion of exon 3 was found in one CLL sample. No mutation was detected in the SSCP analysis. To exclude the possibility of large genomic deletions we performed Southern blotting analysis. One MCL sample showed abnormal bands. Our results do not suggest that the PPP2R1B gene has a major pathogenic role in CLL and MCL.
Radio frequency tempering of frozen pacific sauries (Cololabis saira) under batch and continuous mode: Temperature distribution and energy consumption evaluation (2020)

Abstract To investigate the influences of modes and operating parameters on the radio frequency (RF) tempering uniformity of a pack of frozen pacific sauries, a 27.12 MHz RF equipment was employed for sauries tempering with different input power and electrode gaps under batch and continuous mode. Nine frozen sauries were placed in the RF chamber and tempered under different input power (200, 400, 800, 1,600 W), electrode gaps (7, 8, 9 cm) under batch and continuous tempering mode. With a target end‐point tempering temperature of −4°C. Results showed 200 W/9 cm resulted in the longest tempering time (16.44, 15.43 min) and 1,600 W/7 cm was the shortest (2.95, 3.54 min) under batch mode tempering, respectively. The processing conditions of 200 W/9 cm and 200 W/7 cm under batch mode, and 200 W/8 cm, 200 W/9 cm, 400 W/9 cm, 800 W/8 cm under continuous mode all produced a final sample surface temperature distribution within the range of −10°C to 20°C, which indicated a reasonable tempering process. The area of the high temperature zone (10°C &lt; T ≤ 20°C) of tempered sauries under 200 W/9 cm decreased from 0.28% to 0.23% when switching from batch to continuous mode. This implies that continuous RF tempering could reduce overheating and improve tempering uniformity of sauries. Practical applications Tempering rate, temperature distribution, and energy consumption are the most important concerns to researchers and the industry since tempering temperature and time are highly correlated to fish product quality. Results in this study showed both batch and continuous mode RF tempering could achieve reasonable tempering effect to a pack of frozen sauries. The application of continuous tempering system is more desirable than the batch ones, which can be applied to the tempering industry with higher throughput and connect to the following continuous processing unit operations. This study will broaden the knowledge of food engineers and provide an alternative technology of aquatic product tempering, and the parameters used in this study can assist technologists for the development of commercial equipment.
A Route to the Thapsigargins from (S)‐Carvone Providing a Substrate‐Controlled Total Synthesis of Trilobolide, Nortrilobolide, and Thapsivillosin F (2003)

Eine vollständig substratkontrollierte Totalsynthese dreier Mitglieder der Thapsigargin-Familie (darunter Trilobolid) gelang ausgehend von (S)-Carvon. Die Synthese ist linear, effizient und liefert hohe Ausbeuten (>90 % pro Stufe). Die Divergenz in einem späten Synthesestadium erlaubt den Zugang zu einer Reihe von Naturstoffen und synthetischen Analoga.
Phase I-II study of the combination vemurafenib plus peg-interferon in advanced melanoma patients harboring the V600BRAF mutation. (2014)

TPS9105 Background: Preliminary evidence in the literature suggests that interferon receptor subunit IFNAR1 is down-regulated in melanoma cells harboring a mutated active BRAF. This possibility is supported by our own finding that inhibition of the BRAF-MAPK signaling pathway by vemurafenib up-regulates IFNAR1 expression in BRAF mutated melanoma cells. Moreover, vemurafenib and IFNα-2b combination enhances HLA class I antigen expression which is associated with an increased recognition of melanoma cells by cognate T cells. A preclinical study has also showed the ability of vemurafenib and IFNα-2b combination to significantly prolong the survival of mice grafted with BRAF mutated melanoma cells. These findings have provided the rationale for designing a novel clinical trial. The study end-points include the evaluation of safety and efficacy of vemurafenib/PEG-interferon (PEG-IFN) combination. Methods: VEMUPLINT is an open-label, single-arm, phase I/II trial. Advanced melanoma patients with BRAF V600 mutation will be treated with vemurafenib and PEG-IFN combination (NCT01959633). Eligible patients include unresectable or metastatic melanoma, who have either not been treated or have received no more than 1 line of treatment. The primary end-point is the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the phase I study, while is the efficacy, assessed as durable response rate lasting > 32 weeks, for the phase II study. Primary end-points include also evaluation of IFNAR1 up-regulation. Secondary end-points are incidence of grade 3-4 toxicities, disease control rate, time to response, time to progression of brain metastases and overall survival. In the phase I study, groups of 3 patients for each cohort (9 patients) will be entered at each dose level (vemurafenib 960 mg b.i.d. + PEG-IFN 1/2/3 micrograms/Kg). The MTD will be considered the recommended dose for the phase II study. The phase II study will be conducted in approximately 10 investigational sites located in Italy; a total of 42 patients will be enrolled (including 3 patients from the phase I study). This phase I-II trial is currently recruiting patients for the phase I study at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Naples, Naples, Italy. Clinical trial information: NCT01959633.
Robust RLS in the Presence of Correlated Noise Using Outlier Sparsity (2012)

Relative to batch alternatives, the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm has well-appreciated merits of reduced complexity and storage requirements for online processing of stationary signals, and also for tracking slowly-varying nonstationary signals. However, RLS is challenged when in addition to noise, outliers are also present in the data due to, e.g., impulsive disturbances. Existing robust RLS approaches are resilient to outliers, but require the nominal noise to be white-an assumption that may not hold in e.g., sensor networks where neighboring sensors are affected by correlated ambient noise. Prewhitening with the known noise covariance is not a viable option because it spreads the outliers to noncontaminated measurements, which leads to inefficient utilization of the available data and unsatisfactory performance. In this correspondence, a robust RLS algorithm is developed capable of handling outliers and correlated noise simultaneously. In the proposed method, outliers are treated as nuisance variables and estimated jointly with the wanted parameters. Identifiability is ensured by exploiting the sparsity of outliers, which is effected via regularizing the least-squares (LS) criterion with the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm of the outlier vectors. This leads to an optimization problem whose solution yields the robust RLS estimates. For low-complexity real-time operation, a suboptimal online algorithm is proposed, which entails closed-form updates per time step in the spirit of RLS. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed method in comparison with the nonrobust RLS, and its state-of-the-art robust renditions.
Parosteal Ossifying Lipoma (1993)

Radiologic and imaging findings of parosteal ossifying lipoma along with pathologic correlation are presented in this case report.
Abstract 1083: A novel role of SRC in mediating bypass resistance to MEK inhibition in colorectal cancer stem cells (2021)

Abstract Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are hard-wired to RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway oncogenic signaling. However, the promise of targeted therapeutic inhibitors (KRASi/BRAFi/MEKi/ERKi), has been tempered by disappointing clinical activity, likely due to complex resistance mechanisms including intrinsic and adaptive resistance. Here we report a central role of SRC in mediating intrinsic and adaptive “bypass”-resistance to MEK inhibition in cancer stem cells (CSCs). The SRC oncogene is a well-studied non-receptor tyrosine kinase that can regulate multiple signaling pathways involved in the control of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, adhesion, invasion and motility. Previously, our laboratory was the first to document that human CRC truncating mutations in the negative regulatory domain of SRC result in SRC activation (Nat Genet 1999). Now our integrated and expansive gene expression signature analyses in &amp;gt;2000 human CRCs reveal that MEKi bypass-resistance is strikingly-correlated with SRC activation, which is associated clinically with regional metastasis, disease recurrence and poor overall survival, and associated biologically with EMT and “stemness”. In support of this, SRC-associated MEKi resistance is strongly related to the CMS4 subtype that has a mesenchymal CSC phenotype. The finding is further supported by in vitro analyses demonstrating that CSCs vs. non-CSCs display greater levels of MEKi-resistance, which is attenuated by a SRC inhibitor. These results support a novel notion that SRC may serve as a common targetable node in MEKi resistance mechanisms, permitting effective cancer stem cell targeting. These pre-clinical data, based on strikingly-correlated pathway analyses of thousands of human tumors, support the “fast-track” development of a biomarker-driven (MEKi + SRCi) drug combination targeting problematic SRC-mediated, mesenchymal CSCs. Citation Format: Mingli Yang, Thomas B. Davis B. Davis, Michael V. Nebozhyn, Andrey Loboda, Heiman Wang, Michael J. Schell, Lance Pflieger, Ramya Thota, W. Jack Pledger, Timothy J. Yeatman. A novel role of SRC in mediating bypass resistance to MEK inhibition in colorectal cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1083.
First Step Toward the Quantitative Identification of Peptide 310-Helix Conformation with NMR Spectroscopy:  NMR and X-ray Diffraction Structural Analysis of a Fully-Developed 310-Helical Peptide Standard (1998)

We have synthesized by solution methods and fully characterized the Nα-blocked heptapeptide methylamide mBrBz-[L-Iva-L-(αMe)Val]2-L-(αMe)Phe-L-(αMe)Val-L-Iva-NHMe, fully based on conformationally constrained Cα-methylated α-amino acids. An X-ray diffraction investigation of the Nα-benzyloxycarbonylated analogue showed that in the crystal state both independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit of the peptide adopt a fully developed, regular, right-handed 310-helical structure, although molecule A would be slightly distorted at the C-terminal residue. Solution conformational analysis on the mBrBz-blocked peptide was carried out in CDCl3 by means of NMR spectroscopy. For structure determination we performed restrained molecular dynamics simulations in CDCl3 based on a search of the conformational space derived from a simulated annealing strategy. For this peptide the NMR observables can be described by a single backbone conformation, more specifically a rigid 310-helix spanning the amino acid sequence from residue 1 to residue 6. The C-terminal methylamido NH group seems to be involved simultaneously in two H-bonds (with the preceding i − 3 and i − 4 carbonyl groups). Although in this peptide model there are no distinct NOE distances for discriminating 310- versus α-helix conformation, the sum of all NMR-derived restraints clearly results in a 310-helical structure. Convergence from different starting structures (including an α-helix) into a 310-helix was observed.
CCG•CGG interruptions in high‐penetrance SCA8 families increase RAN translation and protein toxicity (2021)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8), a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CTG•CAG expansion, is unusual because most individuals that carry the mutation do not develop ataxia. To understand the variable penetrance of SCA8, we studied the molecular differences between highly penetrant families and more common sporadic cases (82%) using a large cohort of SCA8 families (n = 77). We show that repeat expansion mutations from individuals with multiple affected family members have CCG•CGG interruptions at a higher frequency than sporadic SCA8 cases and that the number of CCG•CGG interruptions correlates with age at onset. At the molecular level, CCG•CGG interruptions increase RNA hairpin stability, and in cell culture experiments, increase p-eIF2α and polyAla and polySer RAN protein levels. Additionally, CCG•CGG interruptions, which encode arginine interruptions in the polyGln frame, increase toxicity of the resulting proteins. In summary, SCA8 CCG•CGG interruptions increase polyAla and polySer RAN protein levels, polyGln protein toxicity, and disease penetrance and provide novel insight into the molecular differences between SCA8 families with high vs. low disease penetrance.
Two equalities expressing the determinant of a matrix in terms of expectations over matrix-vector products (2020)

We introduce two equations expressing the inverse determinant of a full rank matrix $\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ in terms of expectations over matrix-vector products. The first relationship is $|\mathrm{det} (\mathbf{A})|^{-1} = \mathbb{E}_{\mathbf{s} \sim \mathcal{S}^{n-1}}\bigl[\, \Vert \mathbf{As}\Vert^{-n} \bigr]$, where expectations are over vectors drawn uniformly on the surface of an $n$-dimensional radius one hypersphere. The second relationship is $|\mathrm{det}(\mathbf{A})|^{-1} = \mathbb{E}_{\mathbf{x} \sim q}[\,p(\mathbf{Ax}) /\, q(\mathbf{x})]$, where $p$ and $q$ are smooth distributions, and $q$ has full support.
Super-resolution for a point source using positive refraction (2012)

Leonhardt demonstrated (2009) that the 2D Maxwell Fish Eye lens (MFE) can focus perfectly 2D Helmholtz waves of arbitrary frequency, i.e., it can transport perfectly an outward (monopole) 2D Helmholtz wave field, generated by a point source, towards a receptor called “perfect drain” (PD) located at the corresponding MFE image point. The PD has the property of absorbing the complete radiation without radiation or scattering and it has been claimed as necessary to obtain super-resolution (SR) in the MFE. However, a prototype using a “drain” different from the PD has shown λ/5 resolution for microwave frequencies (Ma et al, 2010). Recently, the SR properties of a device equivalent to the MFE, called the Spherical Geodesic Waveguide (SGW) (Miñano et al, 2012) have been analyzed. The reported results show resolution up to λ /3000, for the SGW loaded with the perfect drain, and up to λ /500 for the SGW without perfect drain. The perfect drain was realized as a coaxial probe loaded with properly calculated impedance. The SGW provides SR only in a narrow band of frequencies close to the resonance Schumann frequencies. Here we analyze the SGW loaded with a small “perfect drain region” (González et al, 2011). This drain is designed as a region made of a material with complex permittivity. The comparative results show that there is no significant difference in the SR properties for both perfect drain designs.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS TO O‐TRIMETHYLSILYLATED CYANOHYDRINS: SYNTHESIS OF ACYLOINS (1984)

Abstract Die Grignardverbindung (I) reagiert mit dem Benzaldehydcyanhydrin‐O‐silylether (II) nach der Aufarbeitung zu einem Gemisch aus dem Benzoin (IV) und dem entsprechenden Silylether (III).
A 112 Mb/s Full Duplex Remotely-Powered Impulse-UWB RFID Transceiver for Wireless NV-Memory Applications (2011)

A dual band symmetrical UWB-RFID transceiver for high capacity wireless NV-Memory applications is reported. The circuit exhibits a figure of merit of 58 pJ/b and 48 pJ/b in Tx and Rx respectively, with a 112.5 Mb/s data rate capability. It operates in the 7.9 GHz UWB frequency band for full duplex communication and is remotely powered through a UHF CW signal. The circuit has been implemented in a 0.13 μm 1.2 V CMOS process.
Inhibition of Recombinant Human Blood Coagulation Factor VIIa Amidolytic and Proteolytic Activity by Zinc Ions (1991)

Although it is well established that calcium is an essential cofactor in blood coagulation, recent experimental evidence suggests that zinc may also play an important role in hemostasis. In the present study, we have examined the effect of zinc ions on the amidolytic and proteolytic activity of recombinant factor VIIa in the presence of physiological levels of calcium ions. The amidolytic activity of factor VIIa was inhibited half-maximally by 20 microM zinc. The amidolytic activity of a derivative of factor VIIa lacking the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain was also inhibited half-maximally by 20 microM zinc, suggesting that the mechanism of zinc inhibition of factor VIIa amidolytic activity did not involve its gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. The amidolytic activity of a complex of recombinant tissue factor and factor VIIa was inhibited half-maximally by 70 microM zinc. In contrast to the results obtained with factor VIIa, the amidolytic activities of other human vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteases including factor Xa, thrombin and activated protein C were not appreciably affected by 50-100 microM zinc. The proteolytic activation of factor X by a complex of factor VIIa and relipidated tissue factor apoprotein was inhibited half-maximally by 40 microM zinc, whereas activation of factor IX in this system was inhibited half-maximally by 70 microM zinc ions. Considerably higher levels of zinc (approximately 100 microM) were required to inhibit half-maximally the rate of factor X activation by a complex of factor VIIa and functional tissue factor on the surface of either a human bladder carcinoma cell line, J82, or stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)