gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oriented Fracturing: A New Technique to Hydraulically Fracture Openhole Horizontal Well (2009)

Abstract Successful fracturing treatment necessitates expensive completion assembly that provides some form of isolation to perform controlled fracturing treatments. Currently isolation is performed mechanically which dictates that isolated interval is very short. This in turn may require that the well is cased, cemented and perforated. This would increase the cost of completion significantly. Another option is to focus the fracturing energy via the use of hydrajetting. In this paper we present another approach that provides a high degree of control on where the transverse fractures will initiate and propagate. The various existing techniques for creating multiple hydraulic fractures along an openhole horizontal well are briefly summarized. Laboratory experiments shedding light on some of these techniques will be first presented. The new technique to precisely place a hydraulic fracture in an openhole horizontal well drilled in any direction relative to the in-situ stress field is presented. The new technique is based on rock mechanics understanding of an openhole horizontal well under a given in-situ stress field; thus it accounts for the near wellbore stress field to ensure creating a planar hydraulic fracture. Additionally, the new technique does not require costly mechanical isolation to place a hydraulic fracture. Basically, the new technique aims to bypass the near wellbore stress field such that the fracture can be conveniently initiated independently of the stress direction. This new approach is validated using laboratory experiments which will be discussed in details. The experiments were performed on simulated wells casted in rock samples with dimensions of 6"× 6"×10". The samples were triaxially loaded simulating various arrangements of a given wellbore relative to the in-situ stress field. Then, the simulated wells were hydraulically fractured using water based gel. Fracturing pressure versus time was recorded and analyzed. The experiments were very successful in proving the new concept to fracture openhole horizontal wells. The developed technique is fairly easy to implement and the impact of precise placement of a hydraulic fracture across an openhole horizontal well is illustrated.
Force Measurements Between Emulsion Droplets-ssDNA Conjugates: A New Tool for Medical Diagnostics (2006)

We describe here a new system involving direct force measurements between biomolecules that could be used in biomedical diagnostics. The method consists in the use of magnetic emulsion droplets bearing immobilized single stranded DNA fragments (ssDNA, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid). The immobilized ssDNA fragments are able to recognize complementary DNA molecules via specific hydrogen binding (hybridization process). The ssDNA used in this study are 32 bases oligonucleotides functionalized at their 5' extremity with biotin and then immobilized onto the magnetic nanodroplets via interactions with streptavidin previously chemically grafted onto the nanomagnetic support. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possible detection of captured nucleic acid targets via single force measurements as an alternative to classical ELOSA (Enzyme Linked Oligo Sorbent Assay). The obtained results are discussed mainly in terms of electrostatic interactions.
Development of a Multispectral Monte Carlo Simulation Technique for Blood Vessels Detection during Brain Needle Biopsy Procedures (2015)

We present the development and characterization of a multispectral technique to detect blood vessels using a fiber optics system on a biopsy needle to reduce the risk of brain hemorrhages based on Monte Carlo light transport simulations.
Simultaneous control of multiple measures of nonuniformity using site models and monitor wafer control (1996)

Present day semiconductor manufacturing processes are subject to tight specifications. High yields with tight process specifications require drive to target process control. As the size of the wafer in the semiconductor industry increases, nonuniformity across the wafer becomes a crucial yield limiting issue. Modeling nonuniformity in terms of the equipment settings permits calculation of recipes required to achieve the desired nonuniformity. However, models for single measures of nonuniformity, such as standard deviation, or range, do not capture all aspects of the nonuniformity and often do not model well in terms of the equipment settings. This paper describes the use of spatial models to simultaneously quantify multiple measures of nonuniformity, and a controller to keep the nonuniformities within specifications, Use of spatial models in conjunction with a monitor wafer controller (MWC) enables the simultaneous control of multiple nonuniformity measures. The paper presents the results of applying the MWC with spatial models to a plasma enhanced TEOS (PETEOS) deposition process on an Applied Materials Precision 5000 (AMT5000). The controller has been keeping the PETEOS process within specifications for over two years.
A SURPRISING EVOLUTION OF FOCAL ESOPHAGEAL EOSINOPHIL INFILTRATION (2018)

A 83 years-old woman, chronically treated by PPI for gastro-esophageal reflux disease underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). It showed a 30 mm Paris O-IIa verrucous esophageal lesion on 30% of the circumference at 25 cm from the incisors. The patient was not exposed to alcohol or tobacco. The lesion was lugol negative and atypical pattern with NBI and near focus examination was not in favor of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The biopsies revealed a dense eosinophilic infiltration associated to moderate to severe squamous dysplasia, a feature that might be reactional for our pathologist. Human papilloma virus (HPV) was not detected. Biopsies of the upper, medial and lower esophagus were negative for eosinophilic infiltration. Knowing the absence of risk factor for SCC, the atypical aspect of the lesion, the absence of symptoms and the old age of the patient, and after discussion with our pathologist, no endoscopic treatment was proposed and the patient was rescheduled for a follow-up endoscopy at 6 months. The patient came back at 15 months for control EGD. At that time, the lesion involved 30% of the esophageal circumference and its shape changed with a Paris O-Is center. Targeted biopsies revealed SCC. EUS disclosed no lymphadenopathy and was in favor of T1 lesion. Distant metastasis were excluded by thoraco-abdominal CT scan and 18F-FDG PET/CT. An endoscopic en-bloc resection by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was then performed. The patient had no symptoms after the resection. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed a moderately differentiated SCC invading the submucosa on 700 µm. Lateral and deep margins were free from malignancy and dysplasia. No lymphovascular infiltration or perineural infiltration was observed, but tumor budding was present (pT1bsm2). Considering the age of the patient endoscopic follow-up was proposed.
Activity of methanotrophic bacteria in Green Bay sediments (1995)

Sediment pore water samples obtained from a 19 m station in Green Bay in Lake Michigan were examined for levels of ambient dissolved methane and copper, and for the potential for in situ methane oxidation by methanotrophs found within surface sediments. The in situ methane concentration in the upper oxic sediment layer ranged from 20–150 μmol · 1−1 at this station. The activity of methanotrophs and the kinetics of methane oxidation in these sediments were demonstrated by the uptake of radiolabeled methane. Ks values varied between 4.1–9.6 nmol · cm3 of sediment slurry. High Vmax values (12.7–35.2 nmol · cm−3 · h−1) suggest a large population of methanotrophs in the sediments. An average methane flux to the oxic sediments of 0.24 mol · m−2 · year−1 was calculated from the pore water methane gradients. Pore water concentrations of copper in the upper sediment layer ranged from 10–120 nmol · 1−1. Based upon the copper concentration, other measured parameters, and equilibrium conditions defined by WATEQF4, an estimate for dissolved free Cu2+ concentration of 5–38 nmol · 1−1 pore water was obtained. Several factors control the rate of methane oxidation, including oxygen, methane, and the bioavailability of free Cu2+.
Physical Data Warehousing Design (2011)

Recently, organizations have increasingly emphasized applications in which current and historical data are analyzed and explored comprehensively, identifying useful trends and creating summaries of the data in order to support high-level decision making. Every organization keeps accumulating data from different functional units, so that they can be analyzed (after integration), and important decisions can be made from the analytical results. Conceptually, a data warehouse is extremely simple. As popularized by Inmon (1992), it is a “subject-oriented, integrated, time-invariant, nonupdatable collection of data used to support management decision-making processes and business intelligence”. A data warehouse is a repository into which are placed all data relevant to the management of an organization and from which emerge the information and knowledge needed to effectively manage the organization. This management can be done using data-mining techniques, comparisons of historical data, and trend analysis. For such analysis, it is vital that (1) data should be accurate, complete, consistent, well defined, and time-stamped for informational purposes; and (2) data should follow business rules and satisfy integrity constraints. Designing a data warehouse is a lengthy, time-consuming, and iterative process. Due to the interactive nature of a data warehouse application, having fast query response time is a critical performance goal. Therefore, the physical design of a warehouse gets the lion’s part of research done in the data warehousing area. Several techniques have been developed to meet the performance requirement of such an application, including materialized views, indexing techniques, partitioning and parallel processing, and so forth. Next, we briefly outline the architecture of a data warehousing system. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Raman Scattering in GaN Nanocolumns and GaN/AlN Multiple Quantum Disk Nanocolumns (2006)

We have studied phonon mode behavior in GaN nanocolumns and GaN/AlN multiple quantum disk nanocolumns, which are self-organized on Al2O3 and Si by RF-MBE, by means of Raman scattering. In GaN nanocolumns, we observe a Fröhlich mode localized at the surface of nanocolumns. The frequency and line width strongly depend on the column density and its inhomogeneity. It is demonstrated that Raman scattering is a useful method to characterize the crystal properties of the nanocolumns. In GaN/AlN multiple quantum disk nanocolumns, we observe several confined, quasi-confined and interface phonon modes, whose wave vectors along the axial direction may be quantized by the columnar nanostructures. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2006.227]
High flex, ozone‐resistant polymers of higher α‐olefins (1986)

Abstract Ozone resistance and high flex life are some of the important features of elastomers needed in the rubber industry. EPDM, a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and small amounts of a nonconjugated diene, has a saturated carbon‐carbon backbone and therefore shows excellent resistance to ozone and aging, and good flex properties. However, butyl rubber (1IR) has a small amount of unsaturation in its carbon‐carbon backbone and consequently does not exhibit as good ozone resistance and aging characteristics as EPDM. We discovered a family of new rubbers named Hexsyn TM , which were synthesized by copolymerizing higher α‐olefins (C 4 ‐C 10 ) with a mixture of 4‐methyl‐ and 5‐methyl‐1,4‐hexadienes. One outstanding Hexsyn™ rubber is a copolymer of 4‐hexene and the 5‐methyl‐1,4‐hexadiene. This copolymer uniquely combines the useful properties of EPDM and butyl. Outstanding features are excellent flex life, excellent ozone resistance, good compression set resistance, and high damping. Due to its excellent flex life, Hexsyn TM( (hexene copolymer) has been found useful in fabricating experimental pumping diaphragms of air‐driven artificial hearts of calves and also for left ventricle assist devices. This rubber has found application as a flexing element in artificial finger joints for damaged or diseased human fingers.
CFD ANALYSIS OF HEARTQUESTTM LVAD (2001)

The purpose of this study is to present some of the design aspects used to develop the clinical version of the HeartQuestTM LVAD, a magnetically-levitated centrifugal blood pump. A 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of the HeartQuestTM LVAD including inlet and outlet was developed using Tascflow software (AEA Technology.) Detailed flow characteristics throughout the pump were simulated, providing blood velocity, pressure distribution, and shear stresses at several operating conditions. Initial results revealed a leading edge vortex within the inlet of the pump, extending into the leading edge of the impeller. Calculation of shear stress indicated regions of the flow, particularly along the blade tips, which may be susceptible to blood damage. These results were used to modify the flow path design. Additional simulation within the magnetic clearance regions were performed to assure shear stress and exposure were within satisfactory limits. Modifications to the dimensions were made to satisfy these requirements while minimizing loss of volumetric efficiency. Calculation of the fluid dynamic forces on the impeller provided essential data for the design of the magnetic levitation system. In summary, the CFD model has proved invaluable for designing both the blood flow paths and the magnetic suspension system.
Asymmetric Catalysis in Liquid Confinement: Probing the Performance of Novel Chiral Rhodium–Diene Complexes in Microemulsions and Conventional Solvents (2019)

The role of liquid confinement on the asymmetric Rh catalysis was studied using the 1,2-addition of phenylboroxine (2) to N-tosylimine 1 in the presence of [RhCl(C<sub>2</sub> H<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ]<sub>2</sub> and chiral diene ligands as benchmark reaction. To get access to Rh complexes of different polarity, enantiomerically pure C<sub>2</sub> -symmetric p-substituted 3,6-diphenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octadienes 4 and diastereomerically enriched unsymmetric norbornadienes 5 and 6 carrying either the Evans or the SuperQuat auxiliary were synthesized. A microemulsion containing the equal amounts of H<sub>2</sub> O/KOH and toluene/reactants was formulated using the hydrophilic sugar surfactant n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside (C<sub>8</sub> G<sub>1</sub> ) to mediate the miscibility between the nonpolar reactants and KOH, needed to activate the Rh-diene complex. Prominent features of this organized reaction medium are its temperature insensitivity as well as the presence of water and toluene-rich compartments with a domain size of 55 Å confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Although bicyclooctadiene ligands 4 a,b,e performed equally well under homogeneous and microemulsion conditions, ligands 4 c,d gave a different chemoselectivity. For norbornadienes 5, 6, however, microemulsions markedly improved conversion and enantioselectivity as well as reaction rate, as was confirmed by kinetic studies using ligand 5 b.
Enzymatic palmitoylation of 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine (2014)

Trabajo presentado en el 7th International Congress on Biocatalysis, celebrado en Hamburgo (Alemania) del 31 de agosto al 04 de septiembre de 2014.
An adaptive performance modeling tool for GPU architectures (2010)

This paper presents an analytical model to predict the performance of
Data from The Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitor AZD7762 Potentiates Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis of <i>p53</i>-Mutated Multiple Myeloma Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;DNA cross-linking agents are frequently used in the treatment of multiple myeloma–generating lesions, which activate checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a critical transducer of the DNA damage response. Chk1 activation promotes cell survival by regulating cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair following genotoxic stress. The ability of AZD7762, an ATP-competitive Chk1/2 inhibitor to increase the efficacy of the DNA-damaging agents bendamustine, melphalan, and doxorubicin was examined using four human myeloma cell lines, KMS-12-BM, KMS-12-PE, RPMI-8226, and U266B1. The &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; activity of AZD7762 as monotherapy and combined with alkylating agents and the “novel” drug bortezomib was evaluated by studying its effects on cytotoxicity, signaling, and apoptotic pathways. The Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 potentiated the antiproliferative effects of bendamustine, melphalan, and doxorubicin but not bortezomib in multiple myeloma cell lines that were p53-deficient. Increased γH2AX staining in cells treated with bendamustine or melphalan plus AZD7762 indicates a greater degree of DNA damage with combined therapy. Abrogation of the G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–M checkpoint by AZD7762 resulted in mitotic catastrophe with ensuing apoptosis evidenced by PARP and caspase-3 cleavage. In summary, the cytotoxic effects of bendamustine, melphalan and doxorubicin on p53-deficient multiple myeloma cell lines were enhanced by the coadministration of AZD7762. These data provide a rationale for testing these combinations in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 11(8); 1781–8. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
"Alpha Chain Disease" Protein Def: Inter Immunoglobulin A, Heavy Chain (immunoglobulin structure/immunoglobulin synthesis/ (2016)

Protein Def is a human alpha chain disease protein related to al immunoglobulin heavy chain. The molecular weight of the polypeptide portion of the monomeric molecule is 29,300, which is a little greater than half of a normal al chain. The NH2-terminal of the polypeptide is heterogenous and, after a short segment corresponding to the variable region, displays a gap which comprises the CHI constant domain. Normal synthesis resumes at a valine residue in the hinge region just before a segment which contains a partially duplicated fragment and the interheavy disulfide bonds. From there on, the molecule is apparently normal. Protein Def is therefore synthesized as an internally deleted al heavy chain, fol- lowed by postsynthetic amino-terminal proteolysis. It is postulated that codon(s) specifying valine at the hinge region may be a recognition site for reinitiating synthesis after internal gaps equivalent to position 216 in gamma chain disease proteins.
Nondestructive Analysis of Stacking Faults in 4H-SiC Bulk Wafers by Room-Temperature Photoluminescence Mapping under Deep UV Excitation (2007)

The advantage of room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) mapping was demonstrated for nondestructive detection of stacking faults (SFs) in off-oriented 4H-SiC epitaxial and bulk wafers. In mapping of the SF-related emission at 2.9 eV on the wafers, the SFs in the surface region appeared as a bar-shaped pattern with the long side perpendicular to the off-cut direction. The use of 266 nm light excitation is essential to detect the SF pattern in the bulk wafers because of its shallow penetration depth. The dark lines crossing the bar-shaped patterns in the epitaxial wafers are ascribable to the basal plane dislocation located close to the SF-planes.
High resolution and linearity enhanced SAR ADC for wearable sensing systems (2017)

This paper presents linearity enhancement capacitor re-configuring technique to improve the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) and Signal-to-Noise-and-Distortion Ratio (SNDR) of ADC simultaneously without sacrificing the sampling rate in a 14-bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for wearable electronics application. Behavioural Monte-Carlo simulations are presented to demonstrate the effect of the proposed method where no complex least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. Simulation results show that with a mismatch error typical of modern technology, the SFDR is enhanced by about 18 dB and the SNDR is 15 dB better with the proposed technique for a 14-bit SAR ADC, which makes it suitable for accurate and linear smart sensor nodes in wearable sensing systems.
Complexes of the pyridine-based, tridentate, sulphur-containing ligands 2,6-bis(ethylthiomethyl)pyridine, 2,6-bis(methoxycarbonylethylthiomethyl)-pyridine, and 2,6-bis(benzylthiomethyl)pyridine. Crystal structure of [2,6-bis(ethylthiomethyl)pyridine]dichlorocadmium(II) hydrate (1989)

New pyridine-based, tridentate, sulphur-containing ligands, 2,6-bis(ethylthiomethyl)pyridine, 2,6-bis(methoxycarbonylethylthiomethyl)pyridine, and 2,6- bis(benzylthiomethyl)pyridine, and their complexes with Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, and Ni are reported. The molecular structure of [2,6-bis(ethylthiomethyl)pyridine]dichlorocadmium(II) hydrate is also described. This compound is binuclear with bridging chlorine atoms, being triclinic, space group P with a= 8.267(2), b= 10.444(2), c= 11.825(3)Å, α= 64.98(2),β= 79.66(3), β= 64.52(3)°, and Z= 1. For the complexes of Zn and Cu a mononuclear, five-co-ordinate structure is proposed, while for Cd, Co, and Ni binuclear structures with the metal ion in an octahedral arrangement and with bridging chlorine atoms are suggested.
Power-scaling a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator via enlarging the cavity mode in the Kerr-medium (2014)

We report on a purely hard-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator delivering 230-W, 11.5-µJ, 330-fs (30 MW) in air. To our knowledge this is the highest average power achieved from KLM oscillators so far.
Crossed beam studies of the dynamics of electronic energy transfer: Quenching of Na(3p 2P3/2) atoms by N2, O2, CO, and NO molecules (1979)

The dynamics of quenching of electronically excited Na atoms by the diatomic molecules N2, O2, CO, and NO has been studied using crossed molecular beam techniques. Distributions in both laboratory scattering angle and recoil velocity provide information on the quenching process and the disposal of energy. For N2, O2, and CO, we observe a direct process which occurs in less than one rotational period of the collision system; all the molecules are scattered forward, along their original direction. For N2 and CO, an average of 30%–40% of the available energy is transferred to internal energy of the diatomic molecules. A comparison with data from infrared absorption studies of the Na*–CO system shows that very little of this internal energy is taken up by rotational modes of the CO molecule. For O2, a greater fraction of the electronic energy is partitioned into internal modes but the details of this partitioning are further complicated by the accessibility of the low lying O2 excited electronic states. For NO, quenching proceeds via the formation of a collision complex with a mean lifetime of one rotational period (≳0.5 ps). The angular distribution shows that rotational excitation is again low and therefore, in this case, the recoil velocity distributions can be transformed directly into vibrational state distributions. Of the 2.24 eV of available energy, 30%–40% is partitioned into translation and 60–70% is partitioned into vibration, while less than 5% is partitioned into rotation. Thus, as for the Na*–CO system, the detailed energy partitioning in the Na*–NO system is completely determined. These results are compared with results from other experiments and with predictions from several available theoretical models.