gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleation and Growth of Silver Nanoparticles by AB and ABC-Type Atomic Layer Deposition (2014)

In this work, we report synthesis strategies to produce Ag nanoparticles by AB-type and ABC-type atomic layer deposition (ALD) using trimethylphosphine(hexafluoroacetylacetonato) silver(I) ((hfac)Ag(PMe3)) and formalin (AB-type) and (hfac)Ag(PMe3), trimethylaluminum, and H2O (ABC-type). In situ quartz crystal microbalance measurements reveal a Ag growth rate of 1–2 ng/cm2/cycle by ABC-type ALD at 110 °C and 2–10 ng/cm2/cycle for AB-type ALD at 170–200 °C. AB-type Ag ALD has a nucleation period before continuous linear growth that is shorter at 200 °C. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that AB-type Ag ALD particles have an average size of ∼1.8 nm after 10 cycles. ABC-type Ag ALD particles have an average size of ∼2.2 nm after 20 cycles. With increasing ALD cycles, ABC-type Ag ALD increases the metal loading while maintaining the particle size but AB-type Ag ALD results in the formation of bigger particles in addition to small particles. The ability to synthesize supported metal nanoparticles with well-defined particle sizes and narrow size distributions makes ALD an attractive synthesis method compared to conventional wet chemistry techniques.
The transformation of the state and public policies under New Labour (2010)

This item has no abstract
Introduction (2014)

Trinity College Library is the oldest and by far the largest library in Ireland and one of the most important university libraries in Europe. It is unique in the variety of roles it performs. Its special collections, built up over 400 years, combined with its right to claim copies of books and journals published in both Ireland and the United Kingdom, under legal-deposit legislation, have made it a quasi-national library and a research resource of international importance. As home to the Book of Kells, which is housed in the magnificent setting of the Old Library, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Ireland and, unusually for an academic library, provides a significant income for its parent institution.
V-region mutation in vitro, in vivo, and in silico reveal the importance of the enzymatic properties of AID and the sequence environment (2009)

The somatic hypermutation of Ig variable regions requires the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) which has previously been shown to preferentially deaminate WRC (W = A/T, R = A/G) motif hot spots in in vivo and in vitro assays. We compared mutation profiles of in vitro assays for the 3' flanking intron of VhJ558-Jh4 region to previously reported in vivo profiles for the same region in the Msh2(-/-)Ung(-/-) mice that lack base excision and mismatch repair. We found that the in vitro and in vivo mutation profiles were highly correlated for the top (nontranscribed) strand, while for the bottom (transcribed) strand the correlation is far lower. We used an in silico model of AID activity to elucidate the relative importance of motif targeting in vivo. We found that the mutation process entails substantial complexity beyond motif targeting, a large part of which is captured in vitro. To elucidate the contribution of the sequence environment to the observed differences between the top and bottom strands, we analyzed intermutational distances. The bottom strand shows an approximately exponential distribution of distances in vivo and in vitro, as expected from a null model. However, the top strand deviates strongly from this distribution in that mutations approximately 50 nucleotides apart are greatly reduced, again both in vivo and in vitro, illustrating an important strand asymmetry. While we have confirmed that AID targeting of hot and cold spots is a key part of the mutation process, our results suggest that the sequence environment plays an equally important role.
Overexpression of complement receptors and related antigens on the surface of bone marrow mast cells in patients with systemic mastocytosis (2003)

Depending on their stage of maturation and other factors, mast cell (MC) subsets differ from each other in terms of the expression of complement-associated antigens. This study analysed the expression of various complement-related cell surface antigens (CD11b/CR3, CD11c/CR4, CD35/CR1, CD55/DAF, CD59/MIRL, CD88/C5aR) on bone marrow mast cells (BMMC) in patients suffering from systemic mastocytosis (SM), other haematological diseases and non-haematological disorders (control groups). Expression of complement-associated cell surface antigens was analysed by flow cytometry. There were clear immunophenotypic differences between BMMC obtained from patients with SM and those from the control subjects: the percentage of patients expressing surface CD11c, CD35 and CD88 was significantly higher in patients with SM (76%, 100%, 54%) than in the control subjects (58%, 11%, 18%) (P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of CD11c, CD35 and CD88 expressed per MC (sites per cell) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in SM than in the control group. Expression of the complement regulatory molecules CD55 and CD59 was detected in BMMC in all patients analysed. However, the levels of CD59 per BMMC were higher in patients with SM as compared with the control subjects, which could help to explain the formation of BMMC aggregates in the former group of individuals. Together, our results showed that BMMC in systemic mastocytosis overexpressed the cell surface membrane receptors involved in binding of complement components and complement-mediated cell activation. Whether this pathological expression of complement receptors is of pathophysiological significance remains to be determined.
Bismuth-loaded plastic scintillator portal monitors (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Plastic scintillators are in wide use in radiation portal monitors because of their low cost and availability in large sizes. However, due to their low density and atomic number (Z), they offer low intrinsic efficiency and little to no spectroscopic information. The addition of high-Z constituents to these plastics can greatly increase both their total stopping power and the amount of photo-electric absorption, leading to full-energy deposition and thus spectroscopic information in plastics. In this work, we present the performance of the largest bismuth-loaded plastics to date, showing useful spectroscopic information up to relatively high energy (~1 MeV) and their high stopping power compared the current commercially available plastics. These Bi-loaded plastics are based on 20 wt% Bi-pivalate (8 wt% elemental Bi) dissolved in a polyvinytoluene (PVT) matrix and conventional fast fluors (<10 ns decay time). A comparison of performance between slab and cylindrical plastics of similar volumes is presented and large performance improvements (greater than 9 times the sensitivity to 241Am) are shown when used as a drop-in replacement to conventional PVT based portal monitors. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and has been supported by the US DOE, Office of NNSA, NA-22.LLNL-ABS-767130.
Impact of Bandwidth Part (BWP) Switching on 5G NR System Performance (2019)

Bandwidth Parts (BWPs) is a 5G NR feature introduced in 3GPP Release 15 for dynamically adapting the carrier bandwidth and numerology in which a UE operates. BWP allows supporting multiple services per carrier, e.g. eMBB and mMTC. Although BWP enables higher spectrum flexibility and power savings, the effect of delays such as BWP Inactivity Timer and BWP Switch Delay has not been thoroughly studied and understood. This paper presents a system-level evaluation of a 5G NR deployment with dynamic BWP adaptation. As expected, results indicate no impact on performance under higher load; on the other hand, for low load and bursty traffic, BWP switching is more frequent, enabling the potential for power savings at the cost of increased latency and decreased throughput.
Next generation defect characterization in nitride HEMTs (2011)

Abstract A series of constant drain current deep level transient and optical spectroscopies (CI D ‐DLTS/DLOS) is described, which allows characterization of deep levels with lateral spatial resolution in fully fabricated high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The techniques are used to examine the role of SiN x passivation in the access region of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, in part to verify lateral resolution capabilities. Two distinct trap spectra were observed correlating to the under‐gate and access regions of the HEMT. Traps in the access region had energy levels of of E C ‐0.43, E C ‐1.3, E C ‐2.3, and E C ‐3.7 eV. The impact of each access region trap on the drain resistance before and after passivation was measured, with the total transient drain resistance change being reduced from 0.47 Ω‐mm to 0.11 Ω‐mm as a result of their partial passivation by SiN x , resulting in improved device performance. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of Dopuin, a Polypeptide with Special Residue Distributions (1997)

A 62-residue polypeptide, dopuin, has been isolated from pig small intestine. It is distinguished by an N-terminal part with a high content of proline (7 in a 26-residue segment), a C-terminal part with a high proportion of histidine (3 in a 9-residue segment), and six half-cystine residues in three intrachain disulphide bridges (connecting positions 22-25, 23-54 and 35-44). The Cys and Pro distributions suggest a tight and special conformation. In contrast to PEC-60 and somatostatin, it has no established inhibitory effect on insulin secretion. At 10 nM concentration, a weak inhibitory tendency is less than half of that of the other two peptides. Like gastrointestinal trefoil peptides, dopuin has three disulphide bridges, Ala-Pro segments, and many charged residues, but they are differently distributed and dopuin belongs to a separate, apparently novel family. However, dopuin is similar to a peptide corresponding to an expressed-sequence-tag cDNA of human fetal liver and spleen, establishing the nature of the mature form of the product of this cDNA, and showing a general tissue, age, and species distribution of this peptide. A truncated form of vimentin, composed of its C-terminal 37 residues, vimentin-C37, was also purified and structurally characterized. These two peptides increase the complexity of known intestinal polypeptides and at least dopuin has properties compatible with specific biofunctions.
Tailoring the S-2 Glass/Epoxy Interface Properties Through Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silane Adhesion Promotors (2020)

This work investigates the use of an ambient temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to deposit thin layers of (3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPS) onto the surface of unsized S-2 Glass fiber. The duration of silane vapor deposition was changed to vary the coverage and thickness of the silane layer to determine the effect of the interface thickness on the interfacial properties. The interfacial shear strengths between these coated fibers and DER353 epoxy cured with Amicure PACM were measured using a single fiber pullout test. These test results suggest that the IFSS can be increased by 50% compared to the unsized baseline and controlled by changing the CVD exposure time. This will allow for the tailoring of the interfacial properties and give materials engineers an opportunity to further optimize the composite material for their applications.
Crystal structure of [1R,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2,3-bis(2,6- diisopropylphen-1-yl)imine]nickeldibromide]—toluene (1:1), C34H48Br2N2Ni · C7H8 (2003)

Abstract C 41 H 56 Br 2 N 2 Ni, orthorhombic, P 212 1 2 1 (No. 19), a = 10.121(2) Å, b = 17.115(2) Å, c = 22.835(2) Å, V = 3955.5 Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.037, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.086, T = 218 K.
Pyrophosphate Stimulates Differentiation, Matrix Gene Expression and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Osteoblasts (2016)

Pyrophosphate is a potent mitogen, capable of stimulating proliferation in multiple cell types, and a critical participant in bone mineralization. Pyrophosphate can also affect the resorption rate and bioactivity of orthopedic ceramics. The present study investigated whether calcium pyrophosphate affected proliferation, differentiation and gene expression in early (MC3T3 pre-osteoblast) and late stage (SAOS-2 osteosarcoma) osteoblasts. Pyrophosphate stimulated peak alkaline phosphatase activity by 50% and 150% at 100μM and 0.1μM in MC3T3, and by 40% in SAOS-2. The expression of differentiation markers collagen 1 (COL1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) were increased by an average of 1.5, 2, 2 and 3 fold, by high concentrations of sodium pyrophosphate (100μM) after 7 days of exposure in MC3T3. COX-2 and ANK expression did not differ significantly from controls in either treatment group. Though both high and low concentrations of pyrophosphate stimulate ALP activity, only high concentrations (100μM) stimulated osteogenic gene expression. Pyrophosphate did not affect proliferation in either cell type. The results of this study confirm that chronic exposure to pyrophosphate exerts a physiological effect upon osteoblast differentiation and ALP activity, specifically by stimulating osteoblast differentiation markers and extracellular matrix gene expression.
Comparison of thallium-201 subtraction scintigraphy with sonography and X-ray CT in the localization of parathyroid adenoma (1984)

Precise preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is helpful for surgical therapy. The role of radionuclide imaging (RN) of PTA was studied in comparison with sonogrpahy (US) and X-ray computed tomography (CT). RN was performed by subtracting I-123 images from Tl-201 images on the same position. Definite remnant uptake on this subtraction image on computer display was considered abnormal. US was performed using real-time linear array units with 5MHz transducer. CT was performed both with and without contrast media. Sensitivity of RN was worst among these three methods. However, in two cases both US and CT mistook thyroid adenoma for PTA, while RN could diagnose PTA correctly. RN could detect four PTAs which US could not detect. All of them were apart from the thyroid, including one in the mediastinum. On the other hand, US detected three PTAs which RN failed to find. All of them were covered by the thyroid. CT showed an excellent result, but problems of ionized radiation and side effects to contrast media remained. Because RN and US have complementary roles to each other, to use both of them together seems to be pertinent for screening of PTA.
A High-Speed Screening Method by Combining a High-Throughput Method and a Machine-Learning Algorithm for Developing Novel Organic Electrolytes in Rechargeable Batteries (2015)

A high-speed screening method was established by combining a high-throughput quantum simulation (HT) with a machine learning algorithm (ML), which is named as MAssive Molecular Map BUilder (MAMMBU). For the applications to high-voltage rechargeable batteries, the MAMMBU was applied to screen organic electrolytes based on redox potential calculations. The HT-method consists of the automatic input generator from existing organic compound database, error correction, and job scheduler. In the ML-method, the computational results of redox potentials for organic compounds obtained from HT were used as training and test data for an artificial neural network. This MAMMBU was targeted for building redox potentials map based on whole organic compounds database, such as PubChem, and finding novel organic electrolytes with the new types of cores, substituents, and functional groups. This will be possible by remarkable reducing time to predict redox potentials from several hours for quantum calculations to several seconds for the ML-method in MAMMBU.
III-V-on-Si photonic integrated circuits realized using micro-transfer-printing (2019)

Silicon photonics (SiPh) enables compact photonic integrated circuits (PICs), showing superior performance for a wide variety of applications. Various optical functions have been demonstrated on this platform that allows for complex and powerful PICs. Nevertheless, laser source integration technologies are not yet as mature, hampering the further cost reduction of the eventual Si photonic systems-on-chip and impeding the expansion of this platform to a broader range of applications. Here, we discuss a promising technology, micro-transfer-printing (μTP), for the realization of III-V-on-Si PICs. By employing a polydimethylsiloxane elastomeric stamp, the integration of III-V devices can be realized in a massively parallel manner on a wafer without substantial modifications to the SiPh process flow, leading to a significant cost reduction of the resulting III-V-on-Si PICs. This paper summarizes some of the recent developments in the use of μTP technology for realizing the integration of III-V photodiodes and lasers on Si PICs.
Efficient Aqueous Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate at Low Overpotential on Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystals (2021)

Electroreduction of CO2 to formate powered by renewable energy offers an alternative pathway to producing carbon fuels that are traditionally manufactured using fossil fuels. However, achieving simultaneously high partial current density (jHCOO–), high product selectivity (Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO–)), and low overpotentials (η) remains difficult due to the lack of suitable catalysts. Here, we report the electroreduction of CO2 on Sn-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanocrystal catalysts in an alkaline flow electrolyzer. Colloidally synthesized monodisperse 20 nm ITO nanocrystals (NCs) with various Sn-doping levels (0, 1, 5, 6.5, 8, and 12 atom %) were studied. We find that ITO NC catalysts exhibit a high selectivity for production of HCOO– over CO and H2 (approximately 87% HCOO–, 1–4% CO, and 2–6% H2 at −0.85 V vs RHE), an onset potential for HCOO– as early as −0.21 V vs RHE, and a high partial current density for HCOO– up to 171 mA/cm2 at a cathode potential of −1.08 V vs RHE. The main difference between the catalysts’ performances resides in the onset potential for formate production. The onset of formate production occurred at cell and cathode overpotentials of only −440 and −143 mV, respectively, by the 12% ITO. Analysis of the ITO electrodes before and after electrolysis suggests that no changes in surface composition, crystal structure, or particle size occur under the reduction conditions. Tafel slopes of ITO NC catalysts range from 27 to 52 mV per decade, suggesting that the rate-determining step is likely the proton-coupled electron transfer to CO2●–* to form HCOO–*.
Flat-On Secondary Crystals as Effective Blocks To Reduce Ionic Conduction Loss in Polysulfone/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Multilayer Dielectric Films (2018)

Recently, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based multilayer films have demonstrated good potential as high energy density, high temperature, and low loss polymer dielectrics for advanced electrical and power applications. However, impurity ion conduction in the PVDF layers can cause significant dielectric loss at high temperatures. In this study, we discovered a facile melt-recrystallization method to suppress ionic conduction loss in polysulfone (PSF)/PVDF 50/50 (v/v) 33-layer films. By use of combined differential scanning calorimetry, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques, the underlying mechanism for the suppression of ionic conduction was unraveled. Basically, the growth and hierarchical organization of primary and secondary PVDF crystals confined in 400 nm layers played an important role. When the cooling rate during melt-recrystallization was high (e.g., ≥500 °C/min), small and poorly oriented secondary crystals between orderly stacked edge-on primary crystals allowed free transport of impurity ions in PVDF layers. At low to moderate cooling rates (i.e., <100 °C/min), growth of flat-on secondary crystals between the edge-on primary crystalline lamellae blocked the transport of impurity ions, suppressing the dielectric loss from ionic conduction. On the basis of this study, we propose a modified multilayer coextrusion method with controlled cooling rates to achieve flat-on secondary crystals for the reduction of high temperature dielectric loss in PVDF-based multilayer dielectric films.
Comparative study on effects of cytochalasins B and D on F-actin content in different cell lines and different culture conditions. (1992)

Effects of cytochalasins on actin polymerization state in living cells were measured using fluorimetry of TRITC-phalloidin bound to F-actin. Normal (3T3) and tumour (SV-3T3, B16 melanoma, and Ehrlich ascites) cells were treated with cytochalasin B and cytochalasin D (1 microgram/ml). Three effects of cytochalasins were demonstrated--depolymerization of F-actin, promotion of polymerization, and redistribution of actin without change in polymerization state. Occurrence of a given effect was dependent on cell type, cell density, cytochalasin concentration and type. This indicates that cells from different lines, and even the same cells in different culture conditions may differ significantly in their state of actin polymerization, which we suppose is the cause of their different reactions to cytochalasins. Accordingly, caution should be taken in generalizing the results concerning the effect of cytochalasis on the polymerization state of actin.
Comparing the Predictive Power of Heart Failure Hospitalisation Risk Scores in the Diabetic Outpatient Clinic and Primary Care Settings (2021)

The organisation of care at diabetes outpatient clinics is typically different from that delivered by general practitioners, it is thus of interest to assess whether there is also a difference in the predictive power of heart failure hospitalisation risk scores developed independently for each subpopulation. To such a purpose, a diabetes outpatient clinic dataset and a primary care dataset were considered. A Cox proportional hazard model, an accelerated failure time model, a logistic regression, a random forest, and a K-nearest neighbours model were trained in each dataset and tested on both. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine was used as benchmark. Results show that models developed using primary care data performed well on the corresponding test set but poorly when used in the diabetes outpatient clinic setting (best C-Index = 0.759vs. 0.615, best AUROC = 0.757vs. 0.598). Models trained on the diabetes outpatient clinic data performed well on the corresponding test set, and their predictive power in the primary care setting was not statistically different from the one of models developed using primary care data (best C-Index = 0.814 vs 0.740, best AUROC = 0.812 vs 0.750). In both settings UKPDS had lower predictive power than the best newly-developed models. Different care setting led to a difference in the predictive power of heart failure hospitalisation risk scores that depended on both the data used for training and the methodological approach chosen. This suggests the need to consider these factors when applying risk scores to a target population where the expected incidence of the outcome and the distribution of baseline covariates differ from those of the population for which scores were proposed.
Hyperglycemia Differentially Affects Maternal and Fetal DNA Integrity and DNA Damage Response (2016)

Our data show relevant asymmetry between maternal and fetal blood cell susceptibility to DNA damage and apoptosis induction. Maternal cells seem to be more predisposed to changes in an adverse glucose environment. This may be due to differential ability in upregulating multiple genes involved in the activation of DNA repair response, especially the BER mechanism. However if this study shows a more effective adaptive response by the fetal organism, it also calls for further studies to determine the limit of this response that definitely changes the fate of a fetus under these conditions of cellular stress.