gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained Efficacy and Tolerability of Certolizumab Pegol over 18 Months: Data from PRECiSE 2 and Its Extension Studies (PRECiSE 3 and 4) (2007)

Purpose: Certolizumab pegol (CZP), a PEGylated Fc-free Fab’ anti-TNF, was effective and well tolerated in a 26-week (wk) open-label induction, double-blind maintenance trial in active Crohn's disease (CD; PRECiSE 2 [P2]).1 Patients (pts) could enter open-label extension studies evaluating long-term continued maintenance of response (PRECiSE 3 [P3]) or re-induction and maintenance after relapse (PRECiSE 4 [P4]). P3 and P4 are ongoing studies; results after 12 and 18 months’ treatment are given here. Methods: P2 pts with a clinical response to CZP 400 mg induction (Wks 0, 2, and 4) at Wk 6 (64.1%) were randomized to CZP 400 mg (N = 215) or placebo (PBO; N = 210) every 4 wks Wk 8–24. Pts who completed P2 and entered P3 received 4-weekly CZP 400 mg for up to 5 years. Pts who relapsed (CD Activity Index [CDAI] increase ≥70 or CDAI ≥350) after randomization in P2 and entered P4 received re-induction with CZP 400 mg (Wks 0, 2, 4) then maintenance dosing every 4 wks, ie, re-induction from P2 into P4 was a single dose. In P3 and P4, efficacy was assessed by the Harvey–Bradshaw Index (HBI: remissioN = HBI score ≤4; response = HBI decrease ≥3).2 Pts lost to follow-up or withdrawn were treated as nonresponders. Adverse events were monitored. Results: Remission at the end of P2 (Wk 26) was achieved by 47.9% (CDAI) and 48.4% (HBI) of pts receiving CZP (N = 215). Of these, 41.9% (N = 90) and 37.2% (N = 80) were in remission after 12 and 18 months, respectively, of continued treatment in P3. Of pts re-induced with CZP in P4, 29% (N = 14) achieved remission. The remission rate was stable (35% at Month 6 and 12 [N = 17] of P4). Among pts from the P2 PBO group re-induced with CZP, 44% achieved remission. Remission rates were 44% (Month 6) and 36% (Month 12). Re-exposure of P2 PBO pts to CZP raised no safety concerns. Conclusion: Sustained long-term efficacy was observed with CZP in the treatment of CD. Re-induction with a single supplemental dose of CZP 400 mg after loss of response was a well-tolerated, successful therapeutic strategy. This research was funded by UCB.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALULIGHT ALUMINIUM FOAM AFFECTED BY FOAMING PARAMETERS (2008)

Alulight aluminium foam made via PM route has an advantage of high variability of its porosity and inner pore structure. The porosity and inner pore structure can be affected by foaming temperature and foaming time. However, variability in porosity and structure is responsible for the scatter in the collapse stress. Aim of the work is therefore to discover how crucially foaming parameters affect the scatter of the collapse stress. This study should lead to elimination of apparent non-reproducibility by understanding of interconnection between foaming parameters, pore structure and collapse stress.
Genome-wide association analysis of susceptibility and clinical phenotype in multiple sclerosis (2008)

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disorder of the central nervous system and common cause of neurological disability in young adults, is characterized by moderate but complex risk heritability. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study performed in a 1000 prospective case series of well-characterized individuals with MS and group-matched controls using the Sentrix HumanHap550 BeadChip platform from Illumina. After stringent quality control data filtering, we compared allele frequencies for 551 642 SNPs in 978 cases and 883 controls and assessed genotypic influences on susceptibility, age of onset, disease severity, as well as brain lesion load and normalized brain volume from magnetic resonance imaging exams. A multi-analytical strategy identified 242 susceptibility SNPs exceeding established thresholds of significance, including 65 within the MHC locus in chromosome 6p21.3. Independent replication confirms a role for GPC5, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in disease risk. Gene ontology-based analysis shows a functional dichotomy between genes involved in the susceptibility pathway and those affecting the clinical phenotype.
Thermal Scattering Must Be Accounted for in the Determination of Adiabatic Compressibility (1997)

Sound velocity measurement is a widely used method for determining the compressibility of liquids, solutions, solutes, and macromolecules1-9 and for the determination of a wide range of thermodynamic parameters.10 Hitherto, the compressibility determined from sound velocity measurement has been interpreted as being adiabatic, and thermal scattering has been neglected. It is shown here that thermal scattering can be very significant and may be calculated by scattering theory. However, results indicate that the very large number density of scatterers in solutions, even at low mole fraction or volume fraction, causes additional scattering effects which are not yet included in scattering theory. It has previously been suggested that the heat flow associated with thermal scattering may produce a significant departure from adiabatic conditions.9 However, it is shown that propagation remains adiabatic in the presence of thermal scattering, under the usual experimental conditions.
Polarization-enhanced laparoscopy yields promise for improved visualization of peritoneal cancer metastases (2022)

While white light laparoscopy (WLL) has been established as a method that yields improved detection of peritoneal metastatic lesions over radiographic imaging, its sensitivity and specificity remain sub-optimal, leading to thousands of cancer patients that are over- or under- treated every year. We present studies that establish the sensitivity of polarization enhanced (PEL) laparoscopy to changes in the cross-section and alignment of scattering centers using phantoms and report on our initial in vivo human feasibility trial. The design of our PEL probe is simple and highly compatible with current laparoscopes, the standard of patient care and the established procedure flow for WLL. It comprises of a sheath inserted on the WLL laparoscope to provide linearly polarized illumination and a modified detection optical path that allows for recording of co- and cross-polarized images relative to the incident illumination. The sum of these images is equivalent to WLL, while their difference corresponds to PEL. Using PDMS phantoms with features that contain either TiO2 and ZnO2 particles, we demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity of PEL to scattering cross-section differences. Measurements performed with collagen gels that are being stretched reveal improved sensitivity of PEL (over WLL) to collagen fiber alignment. Our initial feasibility study results support the improved diagnostic potential of PEL. In fact, a Monte Carlo-based analysis approach that utilizes the color content of the PEL images indicates that PEL yields improved contrast for detection and differentiation of benign and malignant metastatic lesions. These studies provide strong motivation for further development of PEL imaging as an approach that may improve significantly the detection of peritoneal metastatic lesions.
Max-min transmit beamforming via iterative regularization (2016)

This paper introduces an iterative optimization framework to tackle the multi-group multicast Max-Min transmit beamforming problem. In each iteration, the optimization problem is decomposed into four sub-problems, all of which can be solved using computationally efficient algorithms. The advantage of proposed method lies in its ability to handle different types of signal constraints like total power and unimodularity; a feature not exhibited by other techniques. The proposed technique outperforms the well-known semidefinite relaxation method in terms of quality of solutions.
Imaging of influenza virus sialidase activity in living cells (2014)

Influenza virus is rich in variation and mutations. It would be very convenient for virus detection and isolation to histochemically detect viral infection regardless of variation and mutations. Here, we established a histochemical imaging assay for influenza virus sialidase activity in living cells by using a new fluorescent sialidase substrate, 2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-bromophenyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosidonic acid (BTP3-Neu5Ac). The BTP3-Neu5Ac assay histochemically visualized influenza virus-infected cells regardless of viral hosts and subtypes. Influenza virus neuraminidase-expressed cells, viral focus formation, and virus-infected locations in mice lung tissues were easily, rapidly, and sensitively detected by the BTP3-Neu5Ac assay. Histochemical visualization with the BTP3-Neu5Ac assay is extremely useful for detection of influenza viruses without the need for fixation or a specific antibody. This novel assay should greatly improve the efficiency of detection, titration, and isolation of influenza viruses and might contribute to research on viral sialidase.
Metal-Induced Crystallization in Metal Oxides (2022)

ConspectusThe properties of a material depend upon its physical characteristics, one of these being its crystalline state. Next generation solid-state technologies will integrate crystalline oxides into thermal sensitive processes and composite materials. Crystallization of amorphous phases of metal oxides in the solid state typically requires substantial energy input to induce the amorphous to crystalline phase transformation. In the case of silica, the transformation to α-quartz in a furnace occurs above 1300 °C and that of titania, above 400 °C. These calcination processes are costly in energy but also often degrade complex material architectures or compositions.Thus, low temperature crystallization techniques are required that preserve macro- and mesostructures and complex elemental composition (e.g., organic-, metal-, and semiconductor-metal oxide hybrids/composites). Some solution-based techniques exist to directly fabricate crystalline metal oxides. However, these are not always compatible with the specificities of the system or industrial constraints. A postsynthetic, solid-state approach that reduces crystallization temperature in metal oxides is metal-induced crystallization (MIC).MIC is the introduction of catalytic amounts of a cation, which can be an s-block, p-block, or d-block cation, that migrates through the solid metal oxide lattice. The cation is thought to temporarily break metal oxide bonds, allowing [MO<sub><i>x</i></sub>] polyhedra to rotate and reform bonds with neighboring [MO<sub><i>x</i></sub>] groups in a lower energy crystalline phase. Depending on the system, the cation can favor or defavor the formation of a particular crystalline phase, providing a means to tune the purity and crystalline phase ratios. An advantage of MIC is that, although the crystallization occurs in the solid state, the crystallization process can be accomplished for particle suspensions in liquid media. In this case, the energy required to induce the crystallization can come from, for example, a microwave or an ultrasound bath. The crystallization of particles in suspension avoids aggregation from particle-particle sintering. In the case of thin films, the energy for crystallization typically comes from a laser or calcination.MIC is only recently being used as a low temperature metal oxide crystallization technique, despite being widely used in the semiconductor industry. Here, the mechanism and previous studies in MIC are presented for titania, silica, and other oxides. The beauty of this technique is that it is extremely easy to employ: cations can be incorporated into the system postsynthetically and then are often expelled from the lattice upon phase conversion. We expect MIC to enrich materials for photochromic, optoelectronic, catalyst, biological, and other applications.
[Treatment of chronic urinary retention after surgical treatment of urinary incontinence with bladder neck transurethral resection]. (2000)

Transurethral bladder neck resection can be used as first-line treatment for chronic urinary retention after repair of incontinence, as it is an effective, rapid, minimally invasive technique not associated with any morbidity. Urethrolysis can always be performed in the case of failure.
Molecular Origin of Blood‐Based Infrared Spectroscopic Fingerprints** (2021)

Abstract Infrared spectroscopy of liquid biopsies is a time‐ and cost‐effective approach that may advance biomedical diagnostics. However, the molecular nature of disease‐related changes of infrared molecular fingerprints (IMFs) remains poorly understood, impeding the method's applicability. Here we probe 148 human blood sera and reveal the origin of the variations in their IMFs. To that end, we supplemented infrared spectroscopy with biochemical fractionation and proteomic profiling, providing molecular information about serum composition. Using lung cancer as an example of a medical condition, we demonstrate that the disease‐related differences in IMFs are dominated by contributions from twelve highly abundant proteins—that, if used as a pattern, may be instrumental for detecting malignancy. Tying proteomic to spectral information and machine learning advances our understanding of the infrared spectra of liquid biopsies, a framework that could be applied to probing of any disease.
Antisense therapy: Current status in prostate cancer and other malignancies (2006)

Recent technological advances now allowing both large scale data generation and its in-depth analysis have opened new avenues to identify and target genes involved in neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. This accelerated identification and characterization of cancer-relevant molecular targets has sparked considerable interest in the development of new generations of anti-cancer agents. It is anticipated, that these agents will show enhanced specificity for malignant cells and a more favorable side-effect profile due to well-defined and tailored modes of action. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short synthetic stretches of chemically modified DNA capable of specifically hybridizing to the mRNA of a chosen cancer-relevant target gene are close, after decades of challenges, close to fulfilling their promise in the clinical setting. Emerging clinical evidence supports the notion that ASOs stand a realistic chance of developing into one of the main players of rationally designed anti-cancer agents, although certainly not all of the challenges have been met to date. The status of antisense targeting of genes relevant to prostate cancer, including bcl-2, bcl-xL, clusterin, androgen receptor (AR) and IGFBPs, are reviewed.
Barrier properties of oriented disk composites (1999)

We examine the effective diffusion coefficient of composites containing randomly placed, impermeable, oriented disks of high aspect ratio. We extend previous work by providing a quantitative framework in which to examine disorder and polydispersity effects, as well as treating explicitly the crossover from the dilute to the semidilute regime as the concentration of disks is increased. Our results have applicability to matrices filled with macroscopic plates or flakes (for example, mica-filled polymers) as well as to polymer–clay hybrid materials (“nanocomposites”).
New insights in biology and current therapeutic options for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1997)

The oncogenic potential of BCR-ABL has been demonstrated in a number of in vitro and in vivo model systems. Current research efforts are focused on defining the mechanism by which BCR-ABL transforms primary hematopoietic cells. The fact that BCR-ABL contains tyrosine residues, an SH2 domain, an SH3 domain, and proline-rich sequences raises the possibility of multiple protein-protein interactions. Indeed, BCR-ABL is reported to bind and/or phosphorylate more than 20 proteins. The insights into the signal transduction pathways activated by BCR-ABL will hopefully provide a new basis for the treatment of CML patients. Clinical evidence of the existence of a transplantable CML stem cell population has recently been extended to xenogeneic recipients of transplanted CML cells and by retroviral marking to autograft recipients. The potential of using immunodeficient mice as recipients of CML stem cells to create an in vivo model of chronic phase CML should be invaluable for testing novel therapies designed to eliminate residual disease in the patient. Current therapeutic options include conventional chemotherapy, IFN-a and allogeneic stem cell transplantation as established procedures, and autografting as an experimental procedure. While IFN-a as a first line therapy does not seem to jeopardize further treatments, autografting, according to the Genoa approach or other procedures, i.e. Ph-positive cells collected at diagnosis without mobilization therapy, raises the question of an ideal sequential strategy in the management of CML patients. There seems to be a general agreement that a patient less than 50 years old, with an HLA identical sibling, should receive an allogeneic stem cell transplant. This approach should be offered also to younger patients (< or = 40 years) who are able to find an unrelated matched donor. Since it seems that the normal hematopoietic reservoir declines with time, it may be desiderable to mobilize and collect peripheral stem cells in order to store Ph-negative progenitors as soon after diagnosis as possible when the WBC count has been controlled by hydroxyurea while searchin
Addressing SMTP-Based Mass-Mailing Activity within Enterprise Networks (2006)

Malicious mass-mailing activity on the Internet is a serious and continuing threat that includes mass-mailing worms, spam, and phishing. A mechanism commonly used to deliver such malicious mass mail is an SMTP-engine, which turns an infected system into a malicious mail server. We present a technique that enables, within a single mailing attempt in many popular network environments, detection and containment of (even zero-day) SMTP-engine based mass-mailing activity. Contrary to other mass-mailing detection techniques our approach is content independent and requires no attachment processing, network traffic correlation, statistical measures, or system behavioral analysis. It relies instead on the observation of DNS MX queries within the enterprise network. This stateless detection technique requires minimal computational resources making it ideally suited for real-time wire-speed deployment.
Synthesis of the complete trans-activation gene product of human T-lymphotropic virus type III in Escherichia coli: demonstration of immunogenicity in vivo and expression in vitro. (1986)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) contains a gene (tat-III) the product of which activates the expression of viral genes in trans. We have expressed in Escherichia coli the complete tat-III-encoded protein as well as a truncated form that lacks three amino acids from the amino terminus. These proteins are recognized by sera of many, but not all, infected individuals including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex, as well as asymptomatic seropositive persons. Seropositivity for the tat-III protein does not appear to correlate with the clinical stage of HTLV-III-related disease. Antibodies raised in rabbits against the E. coli-produced protein detect the native protein (apparent molecular mass, 14.5 kDa) in a virus-producing cell line. A second protein (26 kDa), of unknown origin but viral related, is also specifically recognized by the immune serum.
Bend measurement using Bragg gratings in multicore fibre (2000)

We describe the measurements of curvature made using Bragg gratings written in separate cores of a multicore optical fibre. The gratings act as independent, but isothermal, strain gauges. Thus the difference in Bragg wavelength between the gratings provides a measurement of local curvature.
Editorial: Engineering the Microbial Platform for the Production of Biologics and Small-Molecule Medicines, Volume II (2022)

EDITORIAL article Front. Microbiol., 21 March 2022Sec. Microbial Physiology and Metabolism https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.827181
<title>Multiple particle technique for determination of differential scattering cross section of very small surface bound particles</title> (1995)

Measurement of small particle contamination, via laser particle scanners, is an important tool for maximizing throughput in semiconductor production lines. As line widths shrink, the required minimum observable particle diameter drops in proportion. Unfortunately, the scatter signal from a small particle on a surface falls off very quickly with decreased diameter, even faster than would be predicted by a simple Rayleigh scatter model of an isolated particle. This paper reviews a technique to measure the differential scattering cross-section of very small surface bound particles. The objective is to provide a means of obtaining data for producing the next generation of particle scanners.
ANTECEDENTS, OUTCOMES, AND CORRELATES OF METABOLIC HEALTH IN OLDER AGE: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE (2022)

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease associated with reduced physical fitness, higher disease burden, and impaired cognitive functions in late life. Thus investigating antecedents, outcomes and correlates of metabolic health is a priority in order to promote healthier lifestyles and successful aging. This symposium compiles four empirical interdisciplinary studies that examine the role of metabolic health/risk on different timescales. Employing advanced modeling approaches to data obtained in large-scale studies, these reports will shed light on potential antecedents, correlates, and consequences thereof. First, Kalyani and colleagues will report data from the SPRING (Study of Physical Resilience IN Geriatrics) study on the interrelation between metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance, and physical resilience.Second, Buchmann and colleagues examine the association of the metabolic syndrome and Lipoprotein(a) finding that hormonal aspects and in particular menopausal alterations seem to moderate theassociation between MetS and Lp(a). Third, Demuth and colleagues show how metabolic health is related to specific DNA methylation age acceleration as derived from five different epigenetic clocks, namely PhenoAge, and GrimAge.Fourth, Duezel and colleagues examine the neural correlates of metabolic risk in a sample of older adults finding that lower metabolic risk is linked to greater GMI in the prefrontal cortex. Conjointly, findings demonstrate the multifaceted nature of metabolic risk across adulthood and across different timescales. Walston will critically discuss the contributions from an aging perspective and discuss implications for future research.
MIMO in HSDPA and Legacy-MIMO Co-Existence (2010)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission improves downlink spectral efficiency and is a key feature of Release 7 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). When the Node-B is configured in the MIMO mode with secondary common control pilot channel (S-CPICH), the power amplifiers (PAs) for the two transmit antennas are not balanced. A common pre-coder is required to balance the PAs for legacy and dual-stream MIMO transmissions. In addition, codebook restriction is needed to balance the PAs for single-stream MIMO transmissions. Despite codebook restriction, MIMO performance degradation is small. Legacy user performance in a MIMO cell suffers due to power and interference penalties associated with the Secondary Common Pilot Channel (S-CPICH). By reducing the S-CPICH transmit power, this degradation can be reduced, without significantly compromising the channel estimation quality for MIMO users in the cell.