gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Perception: Mitigating Messages Content Duplication (2022)

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and smart vehicles rely on cooperative perception to complement the information missed by their sensors due to their limited range and non-line of sight objects. There are many applications that rely on communication leaving sometimes limited resources for cooperative perceptions. Therefore, optimizing the resources and messages sent over the network becomes crucial. An important factor that undermines the potential of vehicular networks is the number of messages containing information about the same objects. Not only this issue exhausts the limited network bandwidth and may lead to dropping some messages in high-density traffics but also prevent other useful information from being shared. This paper suggests a Game Theory Based Transmission (GTBT) to mitigate redundant message content in a fog-based vehicular network. We show that this approach is real-time and achieves 10.5% fewer duplicate messages compared to the Max Score Based Transmission (MSBT) baseline while it does not require any additional communication costs. Moreover, we contrast the pros and cons of our approach against two other baselines: random (Rand) and geo-filtering (Geo) transmission-based approaches, showing that GTBT is able to minimize the lost information (5.3% for GTBT vs 15.2% and 18.3% for Geo and Rand respectively) and is competing with Geo approach in the number of unique messages sent and their value. Lastly, the GTBT is able to provide a gain of 1.7 as calculated by our suggested new metric as a measure of the ability to compensate for the missed information, vs (- 0.5) for the Geo approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that employs game theory for selecting the content of the message for the cooperative perception problem.
Tumour necrosis factor production in Falciparum malaria and its association with schizont rupture. (1989)

To investigate the involvement of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in human malaria, we studied TNF production in patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum, and in co-cultures of human mononuclear cells and malaria parasites in vitro. In the examined sample, plasma TNF levels of over 39 pg/ml were detected in the plasma of 59% of Gambian children with acute malaria, 17% of convalescents, 9% of children with mild infections other than malaria, and 7% of healthy Gambian adults. Mononuclear cells of acute malaria patients, when stimulated with endotoxin in vitro, secreted twice as much TNF as did those of convalescent individuals, and three times that of healthy adult controls. Erythrocytic cultures of P. falciparum stimulated increased TNF secretion by mononuclear cells from uninfected individuals, and a sharp rise in the rate of secretion occurred shortly after schizont rupture. We suggest that malaria fever is mediated, at least in part, through paroxysmal TNF release associated with schizont rupture.
When does haptics rule in visual-haptic perception? (2010)

Most research on visual-haptic integration has reported that visual perception dominates haptic perception. Accordingly, this phenomenon has been called “visual capture”. However, a few studies have shown a clear influence of haptics on vision, demonstrating that vision does not necessarily completely capture haptics. We hypothesized that the degree of dominance is determined by the statistical reliability of the available sensory information and can be represented by a linear weighting scheme. To test this hypothesis, we first measured visual and haptic size discrimination thresholds separately using a 2-IFC paradigm. We added noise to the visual display in order to vary the difficulty of the visual discrimination task. From those within-modality thresholds, we calculated predictions for the weights for cross-modal discrimination assuming that the weights depend only on the sensory noise. To determine the actual degree of visual dominance, the same stimuli were presented to both modalities simultaneously while specifying a size discrepancy. The perceived size of this conflicting visual-haptic stimulus was determined from PSE settings using a 2-IFC paradigm as similar as possible to the within-modal tasks. We found that the perceived size of the cross-modal stimulus was always in-between the sizes specified visually or haptically, indicating that both the visual and haptic information contribute to the combined percept. Furthermore, the cross-modal discrimination thresholds were always smaller than the individual visual and haptic thresholds, indicating sensory fusion. Finally, the weights derived from subjects' cross-modal settings were well predicted from the individual visual and haptic size discrimination thresholds (r = 0.985). We conclude that this form of cross-modal perception can be described by a linear weighting scheme in which the more reliable information is weighted more heavily.
A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery (2015)

There are well-known observations of movie content being displayed at different frame rates. Although the terms are not consistent across the industry, four main degradations are observed of the signal as compared to nonsampled motion (i.e., real-world motion): (1) nonsmooth motion, (2) false multiple edges, (3) flickering, and (4) motion blur. In natural imagery, all four of these effects are generally visible at typical movie frame rates. The spatiotemporal window of visibility has proved successful in describing when motion looks distorted from the real-world smooth motion. However, that model predicts only detection performance and does not address the appearance or magnitude of motion distortions. In addition, well-known image capture and display parameters are also involved with frame rate questions, such as exposure duty cycle (angle), object speed, and object contrast. There are also known interactions with brightness and contrast, which are also generally linked in the end-to-end system. For example, the Ferry-Porter law <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> of psychophysics indicates the temporal frequency bandwidth of vision increases with increasing adapting luminance. We aimed to isolate the nonsmooth motion component of judder in a psychophysical study by using fundamental test signals, such as the Gabor signal. Two-interval forced choice methodology was used to generate interval scales of the magnitude of judder, or judderness. Results are presented for the viewer assessment of the magnitude of judder/judderness as a function of these key parameters tested in isolation.
Financial costs and personal consequences of research misconduct resulting in retracted publications (2014)

The number of retracted scientific articles has been increasing. Most retractions are associated with research misconduct, entailing financial costs to funding sources and damage to the careers of those committing misconduct. We sought to calculate the magnitude of these effects. Data relating to retracted manuscripts and authors found by the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) to have committed misconduct were reviewed from public databases. Attributable costs of retracted manuscripts, and publication output and funding of researchers found to have committed misconduct were determined. We found that papers retracted due to misconduct accounted for approximately $58 million in direct funding by the NIH between 1992 and 2012, less than 1% of the NIH budget over this period. Each of these articles accounted for a mean of $392,582 in direct costs (SD $423,256). Researchers experienced a median 91.8% decrease in publication output and large declines in funding after censure by the ORI.
State-Space Dynamic Performance Preview-Predictive Controller (2006)

Abstract The paper discusses state-space generalized predictive control and the preview control algorithms. The optimization procedure used in the derivation of predictive control algorithms is considered. The performance index associated with the generalized predictive controller (GPC) is examined and compared with the linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control formulation used in preview control. A new performance index and consequently a new algorithm is proposed dynamic performance predictive controller (DPPC) that combines the features of both GPC and preview controller. This algorithm minimizes the performance index through a dynamic optimization. A simple example illustrates the features of the three algorithms and prompts a discussion on what is actually minimized in predictive control. The DPPC algorithm, derived in this paper, provides for a minimum of the predictive performance index. The differences and similarities between the preview control and the predictive control have been discussed and optimization approach of predictive control has been explained.
Data-Driven Frequency Stability Assessment of Power Systems Considering Wind Power Uncertainty (2022)

Due to the high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs), the inertia levels of power systems decrease, causing the increasing risks of frequency instability. In this paper, a data-driven frequency stability assessment (FSA) method with scenario-based wind uncertainty modeling is proposed. First, a scenario-based procedure for wind uncertainty modeling is proposed. Moreover, the leading physical factors of FSA problems are analyzed and extracted as the basic input features. The input feature enhancement is established by solving rotor motion equations. Then, a physics-guided gated recurrent unit (PG-GRU) based FSA method is introduced. Finally, through case studies, the accuracy, rapidity, and applicability of the proposed FSA method under small data sets are validated in IEEE 10-machine 39-bus power system, and the advantages of adopting scenario-based wind power modeling are analyzed.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 6 from IDH1 Mutations Alter Citric Acid Cycle Metabolism and Increase Dependence on Oxidative Mitochondrial Metabolism (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 348KB, Figure S1: Isogenic IDH1 mutation compromises metabolic reprogramming under hypoxia. Figure S2: Simulated and measured uncorrected MIDs. Figure S3: Compromised Reductive TCA Metabolism is specific to cells with mutant IDH1. Figure S4: Cells with endogenous IDH1 and IDH2 mutations respond differently to mitochondrial stress. Figure S5: Inhibition of mutant IDH1 does not rescue reprogramming of TCA metabolism. Figure S6: Cells expressing mutant IDH1 are sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.&lt;/p&gt;
Encoding and decoding of BCH codes using light and short codewords (1988)

It is shown that every q-ary primitive Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghen code of designed distance delta and sufficiently large length n contains a codeword c/sub 0/ of weight w=O( delta ) and degree deg(c/sub 0/)=o(n). Here, the standard asymptotic notation O( delta ) is used for a function f( delta ) bounded above by lambda delta for some constant lambda , and o(n) for a function h(n) such that lim/sub n/ to infinity h(n)/n=O. These so-called light and short codewords are used to describe encoding and decoding algorithms which run on sequential machines in time O( delta n), i.e., linear in n for fixed delta . For high-rate primitive BCH codes this is faster than the commonly used algorithms, which are nonlinear in n when run on sequential machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Vector Precoding with MMSE for the Fast Fading and Quasi-Static Multi-User Broadcast Channel (2006)

Vector precoding is arguably the best form of precoding for the multi-user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) broadcast channel. However, conventional vector precoding schemes are designed to minimize the transmit energy, which is suboptimal in terms of the received signals mean square error (MSE). This paper proposes modifications to vector precoding to overcome this shortcoming. Improvements of about 2 dB are realizable in a fast fading environment. Also, conventional vector precoding schemes usually result in unbalanced levels of interference, resulting in a poor performance for some users. Noting the above, another improvement is proposed by directly minimizing the bit error rate rather than the MSE. This improvement adds another 1 dB of gain, resulting in an overall gain of 3 dB in a quasi static fading environment. These improvements are also applied to Tomlinson-Harashima precoding with similar results.
CHARACTERIZATION OF RECONSTITUTED MILK POWDER BY ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY (2006)

ABSTRACT When instant milk powder (IMP) is reconstituted with water, the product should resemble fresh milk. However, undissolved particles were found at the surface and in the bulk of the product. A visual reconstitution test (RT) is made on IMP to determine the reconstituted quality of the product. This test is directly linked to the presence of the undissolved particles. The particles found at the surface are formed by clustered liquid‐fat aggregates, which rise to the top of the milk and may give an impression of spoiled milk. The particles found in the bulk are small particles in the solution mostly composed of a protein gel. Because the repeatability and precision of the RT are very poor, a quantitative analytical technique is desirable. In this study we investigated five different quality milk powders by an ultrasound spectroscopy technique. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation parameters were measured with a frequency scanning pulse echo reflectometer. We found that the ultrasonic velocity cannot be correlated to RT because the predominant phenomenon that affects the ultrasonic velocity is the physical state of the different components of the milk matrix (liquid fat, crystalline fat and lactose crystals), and this physical state is not a significant factor in powder quality. However, the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is well correlated with RT. This is because, between two different quality powders, the most important factor that causes variation in the attenuation is scattering, correlated to particle size and to volume fraction rather than by the composition or physical state of the matrix and the same particle size factor, and volume fraction factor characterizes the powder reconstitution's quality.
A Decomposition of Empirical Distributions with Applications to the Valuation of Derivative Assets (2015)

The selection of an appropriate parameterization of data is a fundamental step in a majority of empirical research effort. Likewise, detecting or estimating features of non-stationarities in data sequences is a critical point in conducting credible research that uses data for inference. In this spirit, this paper presents a simple decomposition of the empirical return distributions of financial assets into the sum of various normal distributions. The decomposition is motivated by the fact that market participants expect distributions to be drawn from two or three possible scenarios. It is also motivated by the recent applications of the EM algorithm to financial data. A parametric and a nonparametric approach are proposed and applied to the empirical distribution of the CAC 40 index traded in the Paris Bourse. We estimate the parameters of the mixture and propose a decomposition into three Gaussian distributions which essentially differ by their variances. The decomposition fits the observed distribution. An alternative approach, which consists in detecting these changes and estimating the distribution of the returns between two changes is developed. The results are obtained using a segmentation method, which is applied to financial data. One of the main findings in this paper is that the two approaches show the same results and give support to the proposed decomposition. There exists three kinds of regimes in the Paris Bourse and the series of the returns jump from a regime to another one at some random instants. This work might be applied to other data sets or other data generating conditions. It can used for the valuation of standard and exotic derivatives.
A Banded Smith-Waterman FPGA Accelerator for Mercury BLASTP (2007)

Large-scale protein sequence comparison is an important but compute-intensive task in molecular biology. The popular BLASTP software for this task has become a bottleneck for proteomic database search. One third of this software's time is spent executing the Smith-Waterman dynamic programming algorithm. This work describes a novel FPGA design for banded Smith-Waterman, an algorithmic variant tuned to the needs of BLASTP. This design has been implemented in Mercury BLASTP, our FPGA-accelerated version of the BLASTP algorithm. We show that Mercury BLASTP runs 6-16 times faster than software BLASTP on a modern CPU while delivering 99% identical results.
The Effect of Cyclosporin A (CsA) Treatment on Gingival Tissue of Patients with Behçet's Disease (1988)

Gingival biopsies were obtained at various intervals for a period of two years from 12 patients suffering from Behçet's disease who were under a clinical trial of cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment. The levels of nondialyzable hydroxyproline (Hypro) were determined in the medium of the cultured tissues. Histologic examinations were also performed every three months. Correlations between the CsA blood levels and the levels of nondialyzable Hypro indicated a reciprocal relationship, especially at blood levels of CsA higher than 600 ng/ml. Histologic examination of gingival sections from CsA-treated patients showed swelling of the epithelial cells, formation of perinuclear clear zones, widening of intercellular gaps and formation of several basal cell layers. In addition, foci of PAS-positive material were found in both the epithelium and stroma. It is assumed that the gingival enlargement observed in the CsA-treated patients was not due to an increase in tissue collagen but rather to an increase in epithelium combined with an accumulation of noncollagenous extracellular matrix material.
Selective Visual Detection of TNT at the Sub‐Zeptomole Level (2012)

How low can you go? The visual detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and Hg2+ at the sub-zeptomole level is demonstrated. This was achieved using a hybrid material that allowed for the development of a single-particle, single-molecule detection technique, which may be the ultimate in ultra-trace sensitivity with selectivity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Polymorphism rs3775291 Is Not Associated with Choroidal Neovascularization or Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Chinese Subjects (2010)

This study indicates that the TLR3 rs3775291 gene polymorphism is not associated with CNV and PCV in Singaporean Chinese patients.
Sub-bandgap detection using extremely nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2011)

Femtosecond gated detection of low power mid-IR radiation using ultraviolet gating pulses in a GaN detector at room temperature is demonstrated by utilizing two-to-three orders of magnitude enhancement from nondegenerate two-photon absorption.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIK DER ELEKTRODENPROZESSE BEI DER PULSRADIOLYTISCHEN POLAROGRAPHIE KURZLEBIGER FREIER RADIKALE (1973)

Abstract Die Elektrodenprozesse freier Radikale, die durch einen kurzen Puls energiereicher Elektronen erzeugt werden, hängen ab von a) der Diffusion der Radikale, b) dem Verschwinden nach zweiter Ordnung der Radikale, c) der Hemmung der Durchtrittsreaktion.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Amides and Amines through Mo-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-Closing Metathesis (2005)

First, an efficient method for the synthesis of optically enriched N-fused bicyclic structures is reported. Through Mo-catalyzed desymmetrization of readily available achiral polyene substrates, 5,6-, 5,7-, and 5,8-bicyclic amides can be synthesized in up to >98% ee. The effects of catalyst structure, olefin substitution, positioning of Lewis basic functional groups and ring size are examined and discussed in detail. In the second phase of investigations, a catalytic asymmetric method for highly enantioselective (up to 97% ee) synthesis of small- and medium-ring unsaturated cyclic amines is reported; optically enriched products bear a secondary amine or a readily removable Cbz or acetamide unit. Regio- and diastereoselective functionalizations of olefins within the optically enriched amine products have been carried out. Both catalytic asymmetric methods include transformations that lead to the formation of trisubstituted as well as disubstituted cyclic alkenes. The protocols outlined herein afford various cyclic amines of high optical purity; such products are not easily accessed by alternative protocols and can be used in enantioselective total syntheses of biologically active molecules.
Crystal structures of two minor groove binders complexed with d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 (2005)

C218 located at the interface between A-band and M-line. It has been shown by Centner et al. [2] that MURF-1, a member of the RING finger proteins, binds to the two Ig-domains A168 and A169 in proximity to the kinase. Thus, its binding might be involved in the regulation of titin kinase. The structure of this tandem Ig domain has been solved. Ig domains, also in titin, are involved in many protein-protein interactions and this interconnects titin with other muscle proteins and pathways. Here, we will present new structures near titin kinase and from a downstream signaling pathway of titin kinase (Gautel et al., unpublished data).
A Unifying Framework for Marginalised Random‐Intercept Models of Correlated Binary Outcomes (2013)

We demonstrate that many current approaches for marginal modeling of correlated binary outcomes produce likelihoods that are equivalent to the copula-based models herein. These general copula models of underlying latent threshold random variables yield likelihood-based models for marginal fixed effects estimation and interpretation in the analysis of correlated binary data with exchangeable correlation structures. Moreover, we propose a nomenclature and set of model relationships that substantially elucidates the complex area of marginalized random intercept models for binary data. A diverse collection of didactic mathematical and numerical examples are given to illustrate concepts.
MapReduce-based pattern classification for design space analysis (2018)

With the ongoing reduction of feature size, design for manufacturability is a critical concern in advanced technology nodes. Pattern classification is a promising and widely employed approach for design space analysis, design rule generation, and yield optimization. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm that account for two variations for classification metrics: feature edge displacement and total feature area difference. A MapRe-duce-based framework is proposed to reduce the complexity of the pattern classification problem such that orders of magnitude of performance improvement can be realized. Our experimental results indicate that regarding accuracy and runtime, this work out-performs the winner of the CAD Contest at ICCAD 2016 in terms of contest scoring measure.