gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Polarization of WiFi Signals to Simultaneously Track Multiple People (2020)

This paper presents WiPolar, an approach that simultaneously tracks multiple people using commodity WiFi devices. While two recent papers have also demonstrated multi-person tracking using commodity devices, they either require the people to continuously keep moving without stopping, and/or require the number of people to be input manually, and/or keep the WiFi devices from performing their primary function of data communication. Motivated by the increasing availability of polarized antennas on modern WiFi devices, WiPolar leverages signal polarization to perform accurate multi-person tracking using commodity devices while addressing the three limitations of prior work mentioned above. The key insight that WiPolar is based on is that different people expose different instantaneous horizontal and vertical radar cross-sections to WiFi transmitters due to differences in their physiques and orientations with respect to the transmitter. This enables WiPolar to accurately separate the multipaths reflected from different people, which, in turn, allows it to track them simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that leverages polarization of WiFi signals to localize and track people. We implement WiPolar using commodity WiFi devices and extensively evaluate it for tracking up to five people in three different environments. Our results show that WiPolar achieved a median tracking error of just 56cm across all experiments. It also accurately tracks people even when they were not moving. WiPolar achieved a median tracking error of 74cm for people that were either stationary or just taking a small pause.
Nanostructured surface for extended temperature operating range in concentrator photovoltaic modules (2020)

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems that use silicone-on-glass Fresnel lenses as their primary optical element have reduced power output at high and low lens temperatures. We show that incorporating a nanostructured surface on the solar cell stabilizes best module performance over an extended operating temperature range. We model the optical properties of a self-organized monolayer of glass beads deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulated solar cell in a CPV sub-module. Our model combines transfer matrix method (TMM), rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA), and ray tracing to quickly and accurately simulate the system. We find the short-circuit current gain increases as the lens deviates from its designed working temperature for all bead sizes, and that 400 nm diameter beads submerged halfway into PMDS have the highest gain (up to 2.6%).
Measurement of bone erosion cavities from CT scans (2015)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint destruction resulting from chronic synovial inflammation. Progression of this disease is noted by decreases in bone mineral density and joint space width, and increases in hand erosion count. Clinical scoring methods, however, are highly variable and may not be comparable between patients or across different scoring tests. Computer aided diagnostics may offer a more standardized and comparable method to measure progression of this disease. Three dimensional imaging techniques such as CT provide an accessible alternative to radiography for objectively assessing disease progression. The focus of this research was to develop and validate a method to measure the volume of cavities created in bone assessed with CT imaging.
Simvastatin Induces Anti-Tumor Effects on Systemic CAEBV <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2022)

Background: Systemic chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (sCAEBV) is a rare and fatal lymphoid neoplasm characterized by sustained systemic inflammation and clonal proliferation of EBV-infected T or NK cells. Because the mechanisms responsible for the development of the disorder have not been elucidated to date, its optimal chemotherapy has not been established, and the prognosis of sCAEBV has remained very poor. We previously found and reported that simvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, inhibits prenylation of intracellular signal-mediating molecules in adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia cells. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that simvastatin could also induce apoptosis in EBV-positive T or NK cells from sCAEBV.
A New Flip-Chip Bonding Method Using Ultra-Precision Cutting of Metal/Adhesive Layers (2008)

We have developed a new method of flip-chip bonding for LSI packaging that uses ultra-precision cutting of Au bumps to create an extremely smooth Au surface (Ra<10 nm) with very low peak-height variations. A major advantage of cut Au bumps is that they need less bonding force than non-cut bumps. Cut Au bumps were successfully bonded under low-temperature (180°C) and low-pressure (300 MPa/bump) conditions. This new method of planarization was also applied to adhesive layers with metal bumps, where the bonding force between adhesive layers could assist the connection between bumps. Simultaneous bonding of cut adhesive/bumps was evaluated by chip-on-chip (COC) type specimens. In this research, electroplated Au bumps and benzocyclobutene (BCB) were selected as the metal and adhesive layers. It was possible to bond chips with cut BCB/Au bumps together by applying a very low pressure (60 MPa/bump) .
Experimental evaluation of differential OTF (dOTF) wavefront sensing (2012)

dOTF is an image-based non-iterative technique for measuring the complex pupil field. The technique relies on the difference between two PSF images when a small modification is introduced near the pupil's edge. The nature of the modification is of minor importance and can consist of a transmission blockage or a phase shift introduced by poking a single DM actuator. Even without calibration, dOTF yields an accurate estimate of the complex amplitude over the pupil plane. We experimentally evaluate the technique in several different optical systems, using both transmission and phase modifications to the pupil, monochromatic and broadband light sources, and different modification areas and poke depths.
TE waves propagating in a nonlinear planar asymmetric converging waveguide Y junction (1991)

Recently nonlinear waveguide junctions have been investigated intensively for their interesting switching behaviors 1,2 . The waves propagating in a nonlinear converging waveguide Y junction in which the two branches and the stem are single mode waveguides are less reported. For a linear case, the field injected into the thinner branch at a distance from the junction will not evolve into the fundamental mode of the stem, and the field injected into the thicker branch will propagate without loss 3 . Here we simulate the waves propagating in the Y junction with a nonlinear cladding by using beam propagation method 4 , and we find that the field injected into the thinner branch is possible to transmit to the stem with a high efficiency.
Mechanisms of 8‐aminoquinoline induced haemolytic toxicity in a G6PDd humanized mouse model (2022)

Primaquine (PQ) and Tafenoquine (TQ) are clinically important 8-aminoquinolines (8-AQ) used for radical cure treatment of P. vivax infection, known to target hepatic hypnozoites. 8-AQs can trigger haemolytic anaemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd), yet the mechanisms of haemolytic toxicity remain unknown. To address this issue, we used a humanized mouse model known to predict haemolytic toxicity responses in G6PDd human red blood cells (huRBCs). To evaluate the markers of eryptosis, huRBCs were isolated from mice 24-48 h post-treatment and analysed for effects on phosphatidylserine (PS), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autofluorescence. Urinalysis was performed to evaluate the occurrence of intravascular and extravascular haemolysis. Spleen and liver tissue harvested at 24 h and 5-7 days post-treatment were stained for the presence of CD169+ macrophages, F4/80+ macrophages, Ter119+ mouse RBCs, glycophorin A+ huRBCs and murine reticulocytes (muRetics). G6PDd-huRBCs from PQ/TQ treated mice showed increased markers for eryptosis as early as 24 h post-treatment. This coincided with an early rise in levels of muRetics. Urinalysis revealed concurrent intravascular and extravascular haemolysis in response to PQ/TQ. Splenic CD169+ macrophages, present in all groups at day 1 post-dosing were eliminated by days 5-7 in PQ/TQ treated mice only, while liver F4/80 macrophages and iron deposits increased. Collectively, our data suggest 8-AQ treated G6PDd-huRBCs have early physiological responses to treatment, including increased markers for eryptosis indicative of oxidative stress, resulting in extramedullary haematopoiesis and loss of splenic CD169+ macrophages, prompting the liver to act as the primary site of clearance.
Video 4 - ATMi increases the rate of mitotic catastrophe in glioma cells when p53 is knocked down. from Orally Bioavailable and Blood–Brain Barrier-Penetrating ATM Inhibitor (AZ32) Radiosensitizes Intracranial Gliomas in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;U87/Centrin2-EGFP/H2B-mCherry/shp53(shp53) cells were seeded on dishes with cover slip bottoms, treated with AZ32 (3 uM), and irradiated (5 Gy). Time-lapse videos were recorded intermittently (every 7 min) over 16 hrs. Treatment results in 46% aberrant mitoses (see Fig. 3F).&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular weight distribution in composition controlled emulsion copolymerization (2000)

The effect of different strategies for copolymer composition control on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and gel fraction in the emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate was investigated. Starved and semistarved processes for copolymer composition control were both considered. For gel-forming systems it was found that the starved process gave more gel and lower molecular weights than the semistarved process. The feasibility of simultaneous control of the copolymer composition and the MWD was assessed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1100–1109, 2000
Generation of broadband (-1 GHz) sub-Poissonian-lights in light-emitting diodes at low photon-flux levels (2002)

We present a broadband (near dc to 1 GHz) squeezing of intensity-fluctuation below the shot-noise-limited level in light-emitting diodes at low-photon flux level (photo current /spl sim/40 /spl mu/A).
Topological Insulators in Twisted Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Homobilayers (2019)

We show that moiré bands of twisted homobilayers can be topologically nontrivial, and illustrate the tendency by studying valence band states in ±K valleys of twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides, in particular, bilayer MoTe_{2}. Because of the large spin-orbit splitting at the monolayer valence band maxima, the low energy valence states of the twisted bilayer MoTe_{2} at the +K (-K) valley can be described using a two-band model with a layer-pseudospin magnetic field Δ(r) that has the moiré period. We show that Δ(r) has a topologically nontrivial skyrmion lattice texture in real space, and that the topmost moiré valence bands provide a realization of the Kane-Mele quantum spin-Hall model, i.e., the two-dimensional time-reversal-invariant topological insulator. Because the bands narrow at small twist angles, a rich set of broken symmetry insulating states can occur at integer numbers of electrons per moiré cell.
Analysis of Videos using Tile Mining (2013)

We investigate how mining top-k largest tiles in a data stream under the sliding window model can be useful for (real-time) analysis of videos and, in particular, for tracking. We first explain how a track- ing problem can be cast into a stream pattern mining problem. We then show some preliminary results on tracking in the particular context where both the objects and the camera are moving and where the user does not specify the regions of interest in the first frames of the videos.
Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ on GaAs(001) using buffer layers (1992)

Epitaxy of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) on GaAs substrates has been demonstrated using epitaxial buffer layers. Recently developed methods for growing epitaxial YBCO thin films on Si have been adapted to achieve similar results on GaAs. MgO thin films were grown epitaxially on GaAs at below 400 °C. This layer provides a suitable template for the growth of YBCO or YBCO on BaTiO3. All materials are deposited in situ by pulsed laser deposition in a single growth process. The in-plane crystallography of MgO on GaAs is [100] parallel to [100], accommodating a lattice mismatch of −25.5%. Zero resistance at temperatures as high as 87 K and transition widths as narrow as 1.5 K are reported. Critical current densities as high as 9×106 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 1.5×105 A/cm2 at 77 K have been measured.
Bayer’s in silico ADMET platform: a journey of machine learning over the past two decades (2020)

Over the past two decades, an in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADMET) platform has been created at Bayer Pharma with the goal to generate models for a variety of pharmacokinetic and physicochemical endpoints in early drug discovery. These tools are accessible to all scientists within the company and can be a useful in assisting with the selection and design of novel leads, as well as the process of lead optimization. Here. we discuss the development of machine-learning (ML) approaches with special emphasis on data, descriptors, and algorithms. We show that high company internal data quality and tailored descriptors, as well as a thorough understanding of the experimental endpoints, are essential to the utility of our models. We discuss the recent impact of deep neural networks and show selected application examples.
Persistent photoconductivity in n-type GaN (1997)

Persistent photoconductivity has been observed in n-type GaN:Si. The effect is seen at room temperature in both nonoptimally grown films as well as in device quality channel layers. The relaxation dynamics are found to agree with a stretched exponential model of recovery. A comparison between different samples, based upon stretched exponential parameters, Hall measurements, and photoluminescence data is made. The data suggest that the cause of persistent photoconductivity is the same among the different samples and that there is a transition in the relaxation dynamics between room temperature and 130 °C.
IDD-3D: Indian Driving Dataset for 3D Unstructured Road Scenes (2023)

Autonomous driving and assistance systems rely on annotated data from traffic and road scenarios to model and learn the various object relations in complex real-world scenarios. Preparation and training of deploy-able deep learning architectures require the models to be suited to different traffic scenarios and adapt to different situations. Currently, existing datasets, while large-scale, lack such diversities and are geographically biased towards mainly developed cities. An unstructured and complex driving layout found in several developing countries such as India poses a challenge to these models due to the sheer degree of variations in the object types, densities, and locations. To facilitate better research toward accommodating such scenarios, we build a new dataset, IDD-3D, which consists of multimodal data from multiple cameras and LiDAR sensors with 12k annotated driving LiDAR frames across various traffic scenarios. We discuss the need for this dataset through statistical comparisons with existing datasets and highlight benchmarks on standard 3D object detection and tracking tasks in complex layouts. Code and data available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
A TRANSIENT SEMI-METALLIC LAYER IN DETONATING NITROMETHANE (2007)

We present the first ever glimpse behind a detonation shock front in a chemically reactive quantum molecular dynamics simulation of the explosive nitromethane (CH3NO2). We discover that the wide‐bandgap insulator nitromethane undergoes chemical decomposition and a transformation into a semi‐metallic state for a limited distance behind the detonation front. We find this transformation is associated with the production of charged decomposition species.
Structure, Mechanics and Failure of Stochastic Fibrous Networks: Part I—Microscale Considerations (2000)

Applications for porous fibrous materials range from electrochemical substrates to web reinforcement in polymeric composite materials. The details of local load transfer are studied in a class of cost-effective, stochastic fibrous networks used in battery applications, which form the substrate for a composite electrode. The connectivity of these materials is quantitatively related to modulus and strength, and detailed results of different simulations approaches in approximating material construction are discussed. In Part I, we discuss microscale assumptions, including beam type, nodal connections and equivalence of models to more physically realistic models. Simulation of large networks is computationally intensive, and show low-strain, nonlinear behavior even when comprised of elastic elements when failure criteria (here, strength-of-materials) are applied to produce sequential rupture of beams and nodes. Strategies for effective simulation of these materials requires detailed analysis of the simplest assumptions which can be made at the microscale which produce acceptably realistic response. We show that simple Euler-Bernoulli beam elements can be used to effectively model such materials, even when segment lengths in a network are very small. Moreover, connections comprised of simple torsion springs produce realistic behavior, and can mimic more realistic junctures by adaptation of the linear solution to a compliant zone model. In Part II of this work, we demonstrate the effect of model selection on full network behavior, and also discuss issues of connectivity at the scale of the porous material rather than element-by-element. This work points toward use of simple constructions to model complex behavior, and may ultimately provide insight into modeling of a large class of porous materials. [S0094-4289(00)01704-7]
IN VITRO INVESTIGATION OF SHEAR-INDUCED PLATELET ACTIVATION IN AXIAL FLOW VADS (2001)

Thrombosis remains a primary concern with the use of ventricular assist devices (VADs). Continuous flow VADs, including centrifugal and axial flow pumps, represent the next generation in mechanical circulatory support. Extensive hemolysis testing has been carried out with many of the devices now approaching or entering clinical trials. There has only been limited examination of the influence of the high shear environment generated within these pumps on platelet activation. To further investigate this issue we have developed a couette axial flow device to provide a well-defined shear field which can replicate the high shear rates and very short exposures times developed within an axial flow pump. The impeller and inner housing of the device are conical so that the gap between the impeller and the housing may be changed while retaining a well-defined shear field. Bovine blood was exposed to three different shear conditions in single pass experiments summarized in the table below. Several flow cytometric Assays were employed to determine the percent of activated platelets from blood samples collected immediately proximal and distal from the high shear region. There was a significant increase platelet activation after shear exposure in the 0.002″ and 0.003″ gap experiments. No platelet activation was detected in the 0.004″ experiment. The results suggest that shear rates and exposure times relevant to axial flow VADs may contribute to platelet activation and subsequent thrombosis. Defining tolerable ranges for the shear rate and exposure time will aid in improving both the design and control of the new generation of cardiac assist devices.Table
Media selection for anammox‐based polishing filters: Balancing anammox enrichment and retention with filtration function (2022)

Retrofitting conventional denitrification filters into partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA)- or anammox (AnAOB)-based filters will reduce the needs for external carbon addition. The success of AnAOB-based filters depends on anammox growth and retention within such filters. Studies have overlooked the importance of media selection and its impact on AnAOB capacity, head loss progression dynamics, and shear conditions applied onto the AnAOB biofilm. The objective of this study was to evaluate viable media types (10 types) that can enhance AnAOB rates for efficient nitrogen removal in filters. Given the higher backwash requirement and lower AnAOB capacity of the conventionally used sand, expanded clay (3-5 mm) was recommended for AnAOB-based filters in this study. Owing to its surface characteristics, expanded clay had higher AnAOB activity (304- vs. 104-g NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> -N/m<sup>2</sup> /day) and higher AnAOB retention (43% more) than sand. Increasing the iron content of expanded clay to 37% resulted in an increase in zeta potential, which led to 56% more anammox capacity compared to expanded clay with 7% iron content. This work provides insight into the importance of media types in the growth and retention of AnAOB in filters, and this knowledge could be used as basis in the development of PdNA filters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Expanded clay showed the lowest head loss buildup and most likely will result in longer runtime for full-scale PdNA applications The highest AnAOB rates were achieved in expanded clay types and sand compared with smaller media typically used in biofiltration Expanded clay resulted in better AnAOB retention under shear, whereas sand could not withstand shear and required more frequent backwashing Expanded clay iron coating enhanced AnAOB enrichment and retention, most likely due to increased surface roughness and/or positive charge.
Enhanced hetero-dimensional electron-spin injection in a resonantly tunnel-coupled InGaAs quantum dot–well nanosystem (2019)

Enhanced hetero-dimensional electron-spin injection in a resonantly tunnel-coupled InGaAs quantum dot (QD)–well (QW) nanosystem has been demonstrated. Photo-excited spin-polarized electrons in the 2-dimensional (2D) QW can be injected into 0D QDs via tunneling, detected by circularly polarized photoluminescence from the QDs, where the tunnel-coupling potential is modified by applying electric fields. We find the existence of a specific bias enabling a highly efficient spin injection. Resonant coupling between the QW and QD excited states can be formed through a 2D wetting layer at this specific bias, resulting in higher rates of electron injection without a significant loss of spin.
A Laser Flash Photolysis and Computational Chemistry Study of 9-Anthrylnitrene (2003)

Laser flash photolysis (LFP) of 9-azidoanthracene produces singlet 9-anthrylnitrene (1AN) with λmax = 331, 344, and 412 nm. The lifetime of 1AN is 17 ns at 77 K and is 27 ns at ambient temperature and is controlled by intersystem crossing (ISC) to the lower energy triplet state. The rapid rate of ISC of 1AN relative to singlet phenylnitrene is due to the small (5.3 kcal/mol, CASPT2 (14,14)) calculated singlet−triplet separation of the large delocalized nitrene. There is no evidence of cyclization of 1AN to form a bridgehead azirine (AZ) species. This observation is in agreement with calculations that indicate that the conversion of 1AN to AZ is endothermic by 23 kcal/mol.
2  Tbit/s free-space data transmission on two orthogonal orbital-angular-momentum beams each carrying 25 WDM channels (2012)

We demonstrate a 2 Tbit/s free-space data link using two orthogonal orbital angular momentum beams each carrying 25 different wavelength-division-multiplexing channels. We measure the performance for different modulation formats, including directly detected 40 Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) differential phase-shift keying, 40 Gbit/s NRZ on-off keying, and coherently-detected 10 Gbaud NRZ quadrature phase-shift keying, and achieve low bit error rates with penalties less than 5 dB.