gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matrix regularity analysis (2022)

The paper investigates the problem of analyzing the regularity of multidimensional matrices based on the repetition of significant (non-empty) characters in the matrix cells. Such a repetition means that when the matrix is shifted along one or more of its coordinates, some significant characters are preserved. For each shift repeated r times, the regularity number is entered as the product of rs, where s is the number of significant symbols that persist for all r repetitions of the shift. Two numerical characteristics of matrix regularity are introduced: the regularity sum and the regularity coefficient. The regularity sum is defined as the sum of the regularity numbers for all possible matrix shifts and allows you to compare the regularity of matrices of the same form, i.e. the same dimension and the same size with the same arrangement of non-empty characters. The regularity coefficient allows you to compare the regularity of arbitrary matrices and is defined as the percentage of the sum of the regularity of a matrix to the sum of the regularity of the «most regular» matrix (all significant symbols of which are the same) of the same form. Algorithms for calculating the sum and regularity coefficient of a matrix are proposed and implemented in computer programs. As an applied area, the article uses the analysis of the regular structure of the poems of the ancient Chinese «Canon of Poems» (Shih-ching). The poem is represented by a four-dimensional matrix, its coordinates are a stanza, a line in a stanza, a verse in a line, and a hieroglyph in a verse; blank characters equalize the sizes of verses, lines and stanzas. The article presents generalizing results of computer experiments with all 305 poems of Shih-ching.
A combination of a digital foreground and background calibration for a 16 bit and 200MS/s pipeline analog-to-digital converter (2017)

High-Performance Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) have high requirements concerning sampling rate and linearity. Therefore a new formula is derived to determine, which pipeline stage dependent on the used capacitor sizes needs to be calibrated for the targeted linearity. Furthermore, a model of a 16 bit and 200 MS/s pipeline ADC is described. A combination of a digital foreground and a digital background calibration is presented, which can compensate linear errors and achieves a DNL smaller than ±1 and a THD of −88 dB.
Nanofabrication with a scanning tunneling microscope (1991)

Nanometer-scale structures as small as 1 nm were fabricated on graphite surfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope in the presence of low-pressure (10−4 Torr) trimethylaluminum. The studies were performed under controlled conditions of gas purity and gas pressure, allowing systematic measurements. We studied the voltage threshold and other features of the fabrication process as a function of the tip-surface biasing voltage and the tunneling current. The studies lead us to believe that the structures were formed by bombardment of the graphite surface by ions produced by electron-assisted field ionization localized in the region of the tunneling gap.
Pulse Width Modulation-Based Common-Mode Noise Source Characterization of Three-Phase Two-Level Split-Source Inverter (2019)

Several undesirable impacts of electromagnetic interference (EMI) have been reported in various applications including not only motor drives but also transformerless photovoltaic (PV) power systems and other applications. These impacts are predominantly due to the converter's noise source voltage that may lead to higher motor bearing currents and inevitably lead to premature damage. In addition to serious leakage currents in non-isolated grid connected PV systems. In this context, this paper presents the analysis and characterization of the noise source spectra of the common-mode (CM) voltage for a single-stage split-source inverter (SSI) topology incorporating three pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies. The mathematical modeling of the investigated modulation techniques is identified, and the induced noise source voltage is examined. Moreover, the resultant noise source spectra are compared, and the main findings are demonstrated. A MATLAB/Simulink model is used to verify the analysis. It is shown that a significant reduction in the noise source spectra can be attained by applying the proposed modulation strategy especially in the high frequency range, which mainly due to the reduced number of transitions in the noise source voltage profile.
The Use of Idd Congenic Mice to Identify Checkpoints of Peripheral Tolerance to Islet Antigen (2007)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs because of lack of T cell tolerance to islet antigens. We hypothesized that critical genetic susceptibility loci that control progression to T1D, designated as insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci, would be responsible for preventing CD8 T cell tolerance. To test this hypothesis, we have used two different congenic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that are highly protected from the occurrence of T1D because they express protective alleles at Idd3 and Idd5.1, 5.2, 5.3 (Idd3/5 mice), or at Idd9.1, 9.2, and 9.3 (Idd9 mice). By examining the CD8 T response to two different islet-expressed antigens, we have determined that CD8 T tolerance is restored in both strains of mice. However, tolerance occurs at different checkpoints in each strain. In Idd3/5 mice, islet-antigen-specific CD8 T cells are eliminated in the pancreatic lymph nodes, where they are first activated by cross-presented islet antigens. In contrast, in Idd9 mice autoreactive CD8 T cells accumulate at this site and are not tolerized until after they enter the pancreas. We are currently identifying the cell types and mechanisms that are critical for tolerance induction at each checkpoint.
Subband adaptive noise canceler for hands-free cellular phone applications (2002)

Broadband adaptive noise cancellation applications often involve adaptive filter lengths of hundreds of taps. This gives rise to high computational complexity, large misadjustment errors and slow convergence. In this paper subband processing techniques are proposed to get a better noise cancellation in hands-free cellular phones. Simulation results are shown for the traditional and subband adaptive noise canceler (SANC). An average noise reduction of 18 dB is achieved with SANC, as compared to a reduction of 6 dB with traditional ANC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Suicide-inhibitory bifunctionally linked substrates (SIBLINKS) as phospholipase A2 inhibitors (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSuicide-inhibitory bifunctionally linked substrates (SIBLINKS) as phospholipase A2 inhibitorsWilliam N. Washburn and Edward A. DennisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5, 2042–2043Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00161a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00161a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous and Sequential Estimation of Optimal Placement and Controls of Wells With a Covariance Matrix Adaptation Algorithm (2015)

Summary In this paper, we present both simultaneous and sequential algorithms for the joint optimization of well trajectories and their life-cycle controls. The trajectory of a well is parameterized in terms of six variables that define a straight line in three dimensions. In the simultaneous joint optimization algorithm, the set of controls of a well throughout the life cycle of the reservoir is constructed as a linear combination of the left singular vectors that correspond to the largest singular values of a specified temporal covariance matrix. This covariance matrix is used to impose a temporal correlation on the controls at each well. In this approach, well controls are parameterized in terms of a few optimization parameters to reduce the dimension of the joint optimization problem. Moreover, the imposed smoothness on the well controls will result in temporally smooth well controls. We use an implementation of the covariance matrix adaptation–evolution strategy (CMA-ES) optimization algorithm to solve the defined optimization problem. In the sequential optimization algorithm, first, the trajectories of the wells are optimized with the CMA-ES optimization algorithm whereas the controls of the wells are prespecified. After the optimum trajectories of the wells are obtained, the life-cycle production optimization step is performed to find the optimal well controls for the specified well trajectories. For the production optimization step, we compare the performance of three optimization algorithms that are the standard ensemble-based optimization algorithm (EnOpt), the standard CMA-ES algorithm, and a variant of the CMA-ES algorithm in which we set the initial covariance matrix equal to a prespecified covariance that imposes a temporal correlation on the controls of each well. The performance of the proposed algorithms is tested for the joint optimization of well trajectories and controls of injectors and producers for the PUNQ reservoir model. The proposed simultaneous well placement/well control optimization algorithm obtained better results than did the sequential optimization framework. The CMA-ES algorithm performed well for both well placement and production optimization purposes. Moreover, the CMA algorithm with a prespecified covariance that imposes a temporal correlation on the well controls obtained a higher net present value compared with EnOpt for the life-cycle production optimization step of the sequential framework.
Strained germanium-tin multiple quantum well microdisk resonators towards a light source on silicon (2015)

Although the development of a monolithically-integrated, silicon-compatible light source has been traditionally limited by the indirect band gaps of Group IV materials, germanium-tin (Ge<sub>1-x</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub>) is predicted to exhibit direct band gap behavior. In pseudomorphic conditions with materials of smaller lattice constant, the accumulation of compressive strain in Ge<sub>1-x</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub> counteracts this behavior to prevent the direct band gap transition. One possible approach to compensate for this compressive strain is to introduce tensile strain into the system, which can be achieved by applying an external stressing agent to post-fabricated devices. We describe a suspended Ge<sub>0:922</sub>Sn<sub>0:078</sub> multiple quantum well microdisk resonator cavity strained by 140 nm of highly compressively stressed silicon nitride. Raman shifts and photoluminescence redshifts indicate that an additional 0.23-0.30% strain can be induced in these microdisks with this approach. The ability to tune the optical performance of these resonator structures by strain engineering has the potential to enable the development of low threshold Ge<sub>1-x</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub>-based lasers on Si.
Reliability acceleration model of stacked ZrO<inf>2</inf>-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-ZrO<inf>2</inf> MIM capacitor with cylinder type (2008)

An exact lifetime extrapolation models of ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Al2O3-ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (ZAZ) stack capacitor with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure was studied in this paper. From the extensive long-term test result (~ 7.5 months) it was found that the power-law model is suitable as a exact lifetime extrapolation model for ZAZ dielectric reliability.
An Efficient Synthesis Of Acyclic N7- and N9-Adenine Nucleosides Via Alkylation With Secondary Carbon Electrophiles to Introduce Versatile Functional Groups At the C-1 Position of Acyclic Moiety (2006)

The introduction of versatile functional groups, allyl and ester, at the C-1 position of the acyclic chain in acyclic adenine nucleosides was achieved for the first time directly by alkylation of adenine and N6-potected adenine. Thus, the C-1'-substituted N9-adenine acyclic nucleoside, adenine-9-yl-pent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester (11), was prepared by direct alkylation of adenine with 2-bromopent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester (6), while the corresponding N7-regioisomer, 2-[6-(dimethylaminomethyleneamino)-purin-7-yl]-pent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester (10), was obtained in one step by the coupling of N, N-dimethyl-N'- (9H-purin-6-yl)-formamidine (9) with 2-bromopent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester (6). The functional groups, ester and allyl, were converted to the desired hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl groups, and subsequently to phosphonomethyl derivatives and corresponding pyrophosphorylphosphonates.
Site-specific insertion of biologically functional adventitious genes into the Streptomyces lividans chromosome (1988)

We report that transformation of Streptomyces lividans with cloned DNA of the SLP1 genetic element results in integration of the element at the same chromosomal locus (attB) normally occupied by SLP1 in its original host, Streptomyces coelicolor, and in S. lividans that has received SLP1 by mating. We constructed SLP1 derivatives that can integrate foreign DNA at the attB site and used these to introduce adventitious DNA sequences into the S. lividans chromosome. We also identified three regions of SLP1 essential for its integration and demonstrated that integration of the SLP1 element does not require expression of functions necessary for stable maintenance or transfer of extrachromosomal forms of SLP1.
Raman gain saturation and the need for dynamic gain control (2003)

Raman gain saturation of several dB can occur even for moderate signal power levels. This demonstrates the necessity of active gain control for distributed Raman amplification. In the presentation, we will investigate the time characteristics of Raman gain changes, and look into different schemes of dynamic Raman gain control.
Targeting of radiolabeled J591 antibody to PSMA-expressing tumors: optimization of imaging and therapy based on non-linear compartmental modeling (2016)

Using quantitative compartmental model methods, surface binding and internalization rates were shown to be similar for both (124)I-J591 and (89)Zr-J591 forms, as expected. The large difference in clearance rates of the radioactivity from the tumor is likely due to differential trapping of residualizing zirconium versus non-residualizing iodine. Our non-linear model was found to be superior to a conventional linear model. This finding and the calculated activity persistence time in tumor have important implications for radioimmunotherapy and other antibody-based therapies in patients.
A case study of spatial-temporal rainfall disaggregation at the Tiber river basin, Italy (2003)

Findings support the content validity of the ViSIO-PRO and ViSIO-ObsRO instruments for use across RP/LCA genotypes. Ongoing research to evaluate the psychometric validity of the instruments will support future use of the instruments as efficacy endpoints in clinical trials and in general clinical practice to track disease severity and impact of disease on functioning.
IL-2 reverses human T cell unresponsiveness induced by thymic epithelium in SCID-hu mice. (1994)

In this study we investigated the mechanism responsible for the unresponsiveness of thymus-reactive T cells obtained from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice constructed with human fetal liver (FL) stem cells from donor A and an allogeneic human fetal thymus (FT) from donor B (A/B SCID-hu mice). These A/B SCID-hu mice have a human thymus containing B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells from FL donor A but thymic epithelial cells from FT donor B. The repertoire of human T cells developing in this chimeric thymus is depleted of T cells specific for the HLA Ags of the FL donor, whereas T cells reactive against the HLA Ags expressed by the FT donor are still present. However, these thymocytes failed to proliferate and expressed low levels of the activation markers CD25, CD71, and HLA-DR after stimulation with the EBV-LCL of the FT donor in primary MLRs. This unresponsiveness could be completely reversed by IL-2. Restoration of T cell responsiveness was Ag specific and a unique property of IL-2. The T cells produced very low levels of IL-2 when stimulated with the HLA Ags of FT donor B, whereas they secreted normal levels of IL-2 after activation by third party alloantigens. Low IL-2 production was also observed at the clonal level. CD4+ T cell clones from A/B SCID-hu mice, specific for the HLA Ags of B, produced significantly less IL-2 and granulocyte macrophage-CSF than control CD4+ T cell clones. However, these T cell clones synthesized normal levels of IL-2 and granulocyte macrophage-CSF after stimulation with combinations of PMA/Calo or PMA/anti-CD3 mAb. Thus, T cells that differentiate in a chimeric thymus containing allogeneic host thymic epithelium are rendered tolerant to the HLA Ags expressed by the thymic epithelial cells. This tolerance results in the presence of T cells that do not proliferate properly after Ag-specific stimulation. This lack of proliferation is primarily related to their inability to produce sufficient levels of IL-2 and can be restored by exogenous IL-2.
A Prevalent Focused Human Antibody Response to the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Interface (2021)

Novel animal influenza viruses emerge, initiate pandemics, and become endemic seasonal variants that have evolved to escape from prevalent herd immunity. These processes often outpace vaccine-elicited protection. Focusing immune responses on conserved epitopes may impart durable immunity. We describe a focused, protective antibody response, abundant in memory and serum repertoires, to a conserved region at the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) head interface. Structures of 11 examples, 8 reported here, from seven human donors demonstrate the convergence of responses on a single epitope. The 11 are genetically diverse, with one class having a common, IGκV1-39, light chain. All of the antibodies bind HAs from multiple serotypes. The lack of apparent genetic restriction and potential for elicitation by more than one serotype may explain their abundance. We define the head interface as a major target of broadly protective antibodies with the potential to influence the outcomes of influenza virus infection. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The rapid appearance of mutations in circulating human influenza viruses and selection for escape from herd immunity require prediction of likely variants for an annual updating of influenza vaccines. The identification of human antibodies that recognize conserved surfaces on the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) has prompted efforts to design immunogens that might selectively elicit such antibodies. The recent discovery of a widely prevalent antibody response to the conserved interface between two HA "heads" (the globular, receptor-binding domains at the apex of the spike-like trimer) has added a new target for these efforts. We report structures of eight such antibodies, bound with HA heads, and compare them with each other and with three others previously described. Although genetically diverse, they all converge on a common binding site. The analysis here can guide immunogen design for preclinical trials.
Protein corona composition of PEGylated nanoparticles correlates\n strongly with amino acid composition of protein surface (2016)

Extensive molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the interactions between\nproteins and poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) can be described in terms of the\nsurface composition of the proteins. PEG molecules accumulate around non-polar\nresidues while avoiding polar ones. A solvent-accessible-surface-area model of\nprotein adsorption on PEGylated nanoparticles accurately fits a large set of\ndata on the composition of the protein corona recently obtained by label-free\nproteomic mass spectrometry.\n
Development of DNA chip for the diagnosis of the pathogens of genitourinary infections (2008)

Genitourinary infectious diseases are known to occur frequently and some of them have highpossibility to pass into chronic diseases. However, current treatments are carried out withoutbroad and exact screening of infected pathogens and antibiotic resistances, causing overdoseof multiple antibiotics. For the efficient diagnosis and treatment, we developed a DNA chipfor the multiplex detection of pathogens causing genitourinary infectious diseases.In this study, we selected 14 pathogens which are known to cause major infections. Throughfull consideration of their sequences, we settled the condition for multiplex PCR, and thecapture probe sequences. The amine modified capture probes were immobilized on thealdehyde glass surface by our novel method, using gold nanoparticles. By using this method,the immobilization efficiency increases, and at the same time, it is able to control the qualityof the manufactured DNA chip by silver enhancement. The target samples were labeled byusing Cy3 labeled primers. Then, the PCR products were applied to the manufactured DNAchips, and the hybridization condition was optimized.Through our research, we could get the correct signals from the single infection, and alsofrom the multiple infections simultaneously. Our DNA diagnostic chip is suitable for thepoint-of-care testing due to its efficiency, convenience, and the eligible cost of money andtime.
Device Simulation Model for Transient Analysis of SiC-SBD (2008)

We report that it seems to be necessary to select Bologna University mobility model for accurate transient phenomenon analysis of SiC-SBD under the condition of forward surge current because the maximum of the temperature inside SiC-SBD arises up to above 425 K. Other mobility models seem to be mostly inadequate because they are corresponding to the experimental condition under the temperature below 425 K.
High-NA Chromatic-aberration-corrected Diffractive Lens for Broadband Focusing (2017)

Replacing bulky refractive lenses, a planar high-NA diffractive-lens is demonstrated to achieve apochromatic broadband focusing. For three-wavelength illumination (450nm, 538nm and 610nm), an average focusing efficiency of 66.6% is achieved with far-field-diffraction limited focal spots.
Antibody geometry and form: three-dimensional relationships between anti-idiotypic antibodies and external antigens (1990)

Anti-idiotypes have been developed to mimic a wide variety of antigens in studies of antibody-antigen interactions. Molecular, biochemical and structural analysis of antibody-anti-idiotype pairs presents an excellent model for study of complex protein-protein interactions. An understanding of the ways in which anti-idiotypes mimic antigens and the features determining binding characteristics will facilitate rational design of compounds with biological, enzymatic, pharmaceutical and chemical applications.