gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discontinuous Mobile Edge Computing (2020)

We propose a novel strategy for energy-efficient dynamic computation offloading, in the context of edge-computing-aided beyond 5G networks. The goal is to minimize the energy consumption of the overall system, comprising multiple User Equipment (UE), an access point (AP), and an edge server (ES), under constraints on the end-to-end service delay and the packet error rate performance over the wireless interface. To reduce the energy consumption, we exploit low-power sleep operation modes for the users, the AP and the ES, shifting the edge computing paradigm from an always on to an always available architecture, capable of guaranteeing an on-demand target service quality with the minimum energy consumption. To this aim, we propose an online algorithm for dynamic and optimal orchestration called Discontinuous Mobile Edge Computing (D-MEC). In such a framework, end-to-end delay constraints translate into constraints on overall queueing delays, including both the communication and the computation phases of the offloading service. D-MEC hinges on Lyapunov stochastic optimization, does not require any prior knowledge on the statistics of the offloading traffic or the radio channels, and satisfies the long-term performance constraints imposed by users. Several numerical results illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Electron beam surface melting of MoSiBTiC alloys: Effect of preheating on cracking behavior and microstructure evolution (2021)

In order to investigate the feasibility of the electron beam melting (EBM) process for fabricating brittle Mo-Si-B based alloys, the effect of preheating on cracking behavior and microstructure evolution was systematically investigated using two different MoSiBTiC alloys. Single track and multi tracks were scanned on the cast MoSiBTiC alloy substrates with and without preheating. In the single-track scanning, the crack density significantly decreased with increasing preheating temperature; however, only tiny cracks remained even at high preheating temperature of ~1250 °C. In contrast, the application of multi-track scanning with preheating, which more closely resembles the actual EBM building process, enabled complete cracking suppression regardless of the same beam parameter. The surface and cross-sectional microstructure observation revealed that the difference in cracking behavior between single-track and multi-track scanning is due to the decrease in cooling rate by in-situ heating effects through successive track scanning in addition to initial preheating. Moreover, it was confirmed that the cracking could be prevented even in the case of a very brittle intermetallic phase (Mo5SiB2)-matrix MoSiBTiC alloy. This groundbreaking result expands the possibilities of using EBM for the manufacturing of promising ultrahigh-temperature and high-strength materials, which have been unable to be processed by conventional routes.
Automated Measurement of <em>Cryptococcal</em> Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body (2018)

The purpose of this technique is to provide a consistent, accurate, and manageable process for large numbers of polysaccharide capsule measurements. First, a threshold image is generated based on intensity values uniquely calculated for each image. Then, circles are detected based on contrast between the object and background using the well-established Circle Hough Transformation (CHT) algorithm. Finally, the detected cell capsules and bodies are matched according to center coordinates and radius size, and data is exported to the user in a manageable spreadsheet. The advantages of this technique are simple but significant. First, because these calculations are performed by an algorithm rather than a human both accuracy and reliability are increased. There is no decline in accuracy or reliability regardless of how many samples are analyzed. Second, this approach establishes a potential standard operating procedure for the Cryptococcus field instead of the current situation where capsule measurement varies by lab. Third, given that manual capsule measurements are slow and monotonous, automation allows rapid measurements on large numbers of yeast cells that in turn facilitates high throughput data analysis and increasingly powerful statistics. The major limitations of this technique come from how the algorithm functions. First, the algorithm will only generate circles. While Cryptococcus cells and their capsules take on a circular morphology, it would be difficult to apply this technique to non-circular object detection. Second, due to how circles are detected the CHT algorithm can detect enormous pseudo-circles based on the outer edges of several clustered circles. However, any misrepresented cell bodies caught within the pseudo-circle can be easily detected and removed from the resulting data sets. This technique is meant for measuring the circular polysaccharide capsules of Cryptococcus species based on India Ink bright field microscopy; though it could be applied to other contrast based circular object measurements.
Structural unification of space and time correlations in quantum theory (2011)

We suggest a natural mapping between bipartite states and quantum evolutions of local states, which is a Jamiolkowski map. It is shown that spatial correlations of weak measurements in bipartite systems precisely coincide with temporal correlations of local systems. This mapping has several practical and conceptual implications on the correspondence between Bell and Leggett-Garg inequalities, the statistical properties of evolutions in large systems, temporal decoherence and computational gain, in evaluation of spatial correlations of large systems.
Iso‐solid diagrams of fat blends from thermal analysis data (1983)

Abstract The use of spline interpolation between solid fat index (SFI) values obtained from calorimetric experiments to determine iso‐solid data is described. Computer programs control both the sampling of the data from the calorimeter and the calculation of iso‐solid values. This approach allows us to plot iso‐solid diagrams fully automa‐tically. Examples for cocoa butter/milk fat mixtures are given.
A SQUID biomagnetometer system for measurement of a human cervical spinal cord evoked field (2005)

We developed a SQUID biomagnetometer system for detecting the magnetic signals evoked from the human cervix within the scope of non-invasive diagnosis of the function of the cervical spinal cord. The system has two main particular features. One is vector SQUID gradiometers and the other is a cryostat optimized for a reclining subject. The vector SQUID gradiometers can maximize the magnetic information acquired from the limited observation area around the neck and the shape of the new cryostat enables a subject to keep his/her position stably in a relaxed manner during the measurement. As a result, we successfully recorded the evoked magnetic fields corresponding to the neural signal travelling along the spinal cords from the necks of human subjects who were given electric stimuli to their thoracic spinal cords.
Abstract 257: Bone Marrow Cells Form New Cardiomyocytes in the Infarcted Myocardium (2013)

The ability of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells (c-kit-BMCs) to form cardiomyocytes following delivery to the acutely infarcted myocardium is a matter of debate. In an attempt to resolve the controversy, we raised the possibility that c-kit-BMCs represent a functionally heterogeneous pool, containing cells with distinct transdifferentiation potential. To test this hypothesis, c-kit-BMCs were infected with EGFP-lentiviruses and injected in infarcted hearts. At 1 and 2 weeks, the regenerated myocardium was enzymatically digested and EGFP-labeled myocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, and c-kit-cells were sorted. By employing a PCR-based method of detection of viral integrants, we searched for unique sites of viral insertion in the infected c-kit-BMCs and their progeny. Common insertion sites were found in the DNA of all cell populations, documenting that single c-kit-BMCs transdifferentiated into multiple cell lineages. However, the 31 detected clones shared 9 distinct sites of integration, suggesting that myocytes in different animals were generated by specific subsets of c-kit-BMCs, which retained the ability to transdifferentiate. To strengthen the observation that myocardial regeneration is oligoclonal in nature, freshly isolated FACS-sorted c-kit-BMCs were simultaneously transduced with 3 lentiviruses, each encoding red, green or blue (RGB) fluorescent proteins. Different combinations of inserted vectors resulted in the formation of numerous c-kit-BMC clones of mixed colors. RGB-infected HSCs were injected in infarcted rats; at 4 days, engrafted c-kit-BMCs showed a polyclonal pattern characterized by the presence of cells labeled by most of the color combinations seen in vitro. However, at 2 weeks, only a few of the homogeneously colored colonies seen at 4 days persisted and formed large patches of cells composed of myocytes, ECs, and smooth muscle cells. Our findings document that c-kit-BMCs are functionally heterogeneous and have different ability to survive, engraft, and transdifferentiate in the ischemic heart. At present, clonal c-kit-BMCs are being analyzed by RNA-sequencing for the identification of the unique phenotypical properties of c-kit-BMCs with high transdifferentiation potential.
Flexible Structure of DNA:  Ion Dependence of Minor-Groove Structure and Dynamics (2000)

The structure and dynamics of the grooves of DNA are of immense importance for recognition of DNA by proteins and small molecules as well as for the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes and viral particles. Although there is general agreement that the minor groove of DNA varies in a sequence-dependent manner and is narrow in AT regions, alternative models have been presented to explain the molecular basis for the groove narrowing. In one model the groove narrowing results from direct, short-range interactions among DNA bases. In this model the minor groove width of a given sequence is fixed, and any localization of monovalent cations in the groove does not affect the groove structure. In an alternative model the narrow minor groove of A-tracts is proposed to originate from sequence-dependent localization of water and cations. Ion dynamics and exchange make experimental tests of these models difficult, but they can be directly tested by determining how DNA minor-groove structure responds to cation positions in the course of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To carry out such a test, we have conducted a long MD simulation on the sequence d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 in the presence of ions and water. We have analyzed the major structures that exist and the correlation between ion population and minor groove width. The results clearly show a time-dependent influence of ion positions on minor groove structure. When no ions interact with the groove, the groove is wide. Ion−water interactions narrow the groove through two distinct interactions: (i) ions interact directly with the DNA bases in the minor groove, such as cross-strand thymine oxygens (O2) in the sequence above, to give an internal ion-spine of hydration, or (ii) ions interact with phosphate groups in the AT sequence while water molecules in the minor groove interact directly with the bases. Some variations on these limiting models are possible in a dynamic DNA−water−ion structure, but it is clear that ion and water interactions at AT base pair sequence sites are required to yield the observed narrow minor groove in AT sequences.
Lenalidomide Stabilizes the Erythropoietin Receptor by Inhibiting the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF41 (2016)

In a subset of patients with non-del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), lenalidomide promotes erythroid lineage competence and effective erythropoiesis. To determine the mechanism by which lenalidomide promotes erythropoiesis, we investigated its action on erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) cellular dynamics. Lenalidomide upregulated expression and stability of JAK2-associated EpoR in UT7 erythroid cells and primary CD71+ erythroid progenitors. The effects of lenalidomide on receptor turnover were Type I cytokine receptor specific, as evidenced by coregulation of the IL3-Rα receptor but not c-Kit. To elucidate this mechanism, we investigated the effects of lenalidomide on the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41. Lenalidomide promoted EpoR/RNF41 association and inhibited RNF41 auto-ubiquitination, accompanied by a reduction in EpoR ubiquitination. To confirm that RNF41 is the principal target responsible for EpoR stabilization, HEK293T cells were transfected with EpoR and/or RNF41 gene expression vectors. Steady-state EpoR expression was reduced in EpoR/RNF41 cells, whereas EpoR upregulation by lenalidomide was abrogated, indicating that cellular RNF41 is a critical determinant of drug-induced receptor modulation. Notably, shRNA suppression of CRBN gene expression failed to alter EpoR upregulation, indicating that drug-induced receptor modulation is independent of cereblon. Immunohistochemical staining showed that RNF41 expression decreased in primary erythroid cells of lenalidomide-responding patients, suggesting that cellular RNF41 expression merits investigation as a biomarker for lenalidomide response. Our findings indicate that lenalidomide has E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitory effects that extend to RNF41 and that inhibition of RNF41 auto-ubiquitination promotes membrane accumulation of signaling competent JAK2/EpoR complexes that augment Epo responsiveness. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3531-40. ©2016 AACR.
β-lactam analogs of oxetanocins – synthesis and biological activity (2022)

Kinugasa reaction of the N-substituted-C-(diethoxyphosphonyl)nitrones with selected N-propargylated nucleobases produced mixtures of diastereoisomeric 3-substituted-(4-diethoxyphosphonyl)azetidin-2-ones. Several obtained compounds out of all 84 newly obtained compounds showed moderate activity toward VZV. Among them, azetidin-2-ones cis-8n and trans-8w exhibited the highest inhibitory activities toward TK -VZV strain with EC 50 values of 13.37 and 10.51 M, respectively.
Acetabular Preparation in Cementless Revision TotaI Hip Arthroplasty (1988)

The rationale for and experience with the use of a hemispherical, cementless, microporous socket (Harris-Galante prosthesis) are presented as an approach to acetabular revision arthroplasty. Advantages are noted in preservation of existing bone, ease of rigid fixation, and bone grafting with either lyophylized particle allograft or autograft. The early results of a series of 75 sockets show no loss of fixation, mild to major resorption of non-contained bone graft, and favorable roentgenographic appearance of contained bone graft. In bone-grafted regions, a high percentage of lucencies at the graft-porous interface implies a lack of bone ingrowth. The authors were unable to characterize any roentgenographic behavioral differences between allograft or autograft. The approach is successful in severely deficient acetabulae, especially of the Type III combined cavitary and segmental medial wall deficiency.
Improved photoluminescence of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown on BaSrTiO3by pulsed laser deposition (2009)

ZnO nanorods were grown on a variety of substrates such as Si, SiO(2)/Si and sapphire in a large-area pulsed laser deposition chamber designed for sensor device fabrication. Processing conditions were optimized to grow ZnO nanorods with or without seed layers. Au, Cr and BaSrTiO(3) (BST) seed layers were investigated to compare their effects on the diameter and orientation of ZnO nanorods. ZnO nanorods were observed to align better when grown on sapphire, Cr or BST seed layers as compared to Au or Si layers. The highest quality nanorods were those grown on BST seed layers, as shown by 4 K photoluminescence donor-bound-exciton linewidths of only 0.5 meV.
Serum of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis inhibits differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursor cells (2016)

Delayed fracture healing is frequently experienced in patients with systemic inflammation such as during rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The reasons for this are diverse, but could also be caused by inflammatory cytokines and/or growth factors in serum from patients with active disease. We hypothesized that serum from patients with active RA contains circulating inflammatory factors that inhibit differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursors. Serum was obtained from 15 patients with active RA (active RA-sera) and from the same patients in clinical remission 1 year later (remission RA-sera; controls). The effect of active RA-sera on osteochondrogenic differentiation of chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and primary human periosteum-derived progenitor cells (HPDC) was determined in micromass culture. In ATDC5 cells, active RA-sera reduced Ki67 transcription levels by 40% and cartilage matrix accumulation by 14% at day 14, and Alp transcription levels by 16%, and matrix mineralization by 17% at day 21 compared with remission RA-sera. In HPDCs, active RA-sera inhibited metabolic activity by 8%, SOX9 transcription levels by 14%, and cartilage matrix accumulation by 7% at day 7 compared with remission RA-sera. In conclusion, sera from patients with active RA negatively affect differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursors, and as a consequence may contribute to delayed fracture healing in these patients.
Arrays of silicon cantilevers for detecting high-G rapidly varying acceleration profiles (2010)

This work presents the first experimental study on the effectiveness of single-crystal silicon (SCS) cantilever arrays as contact-based high-G sensors in digital MEMS accelerometers. Unlike conventional designs, a digital scheme is employed where detection of a specific acceleration level is associated with a group of silicon cantilevers, which deflect and make solid-to-solid silicon contacts with the substrate. This scheme is especially useful in applications where a high-G rapidly changing acceleration profile needs to be detected with a high confidence level. The proposed designs have been successfully demonstrated up to 45,000 g, which is commonly found in impact and pyroshock phenomena, such as in multistage rocket launches and earth penetrating weapons. The arrays of beams offer high redundancy in the measured data, which is critical when used in events with severe consequences. The fabricated devices were tested using a modified Kolksy bar setup and found to have contact resistances in the order of ~3.2±3 kΩ. Depending on the applied acceleration profile, contact bouncing is observed during testing.
Characterization and Phase 1 Trial of a B Cell Activating Anti-CD73 Antibody for the Immunotherapy of COVID-19 (2020)

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has resulted in over 800,000 deaths. Robust humoral anti-viral immune responses have the potential to generate a diverse set of neutralizing antibodies to eliminate viruses and protect against re-infection, transmission, and the evolution of mutations that escape targeted therapeutics. CD73 is present on the majority of human B cells and a subset of T cells where it plays a role in lymphocyte activation and migration. CD73 also functions as an ectoenzyme that converts AMP into adenosine, which can be immunosuppressive. Here we report on CPI-006, a humanized FcγR binding-deficient IgG1 anti-CD73 antibody that blocks CD73 enzymatic activity and directly activates CD73 POS B cells, inducing differentiation into plasmablasts, immunoglobulin class switching, and antibody secretion independent of adenosine. Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood from advanced cancer patients receiving CPI-006 revealed evidence of B cell activation, clonal expansion, and development of memory B cells. These immune effects suggested that CPI-006 may be effective at enhancing the magnitude, diversity, and duration of humoral and cellular responses to viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. We have therefore initiated a Phase 1, single-dose, dose-escalation trial in hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. The objectives of this trial are to evaluate the safety of CPI-006 in COVID-19 patients and to determine effects of CPI-006 on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and the development of memory B cell and T cells. Ten patients have been enrolled in the trial receiving doses of 0.3 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg. All evaluable patients had low pre-treatment serum levels of anti-viral antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein and its receptor binding domain, independent of the duration of their COVID-19 related symptoms prior to enrollment. Anti-viral antibody responses were induced 7 days after CPI-006 treatment and titers continued to rise past Day 56. Increases in the frequency of memory B cells and effector/memory T cells were observed 28 days after treatment. These preliminary results suggest that CPI-006 activates B cells and may enhance and prolong anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients with COVID-19. This approach may be useful for treating COVID-19 or as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of vaccines.
Micro water distribution networks: A participatory method of sustainable water distribution in rural communities (2016)

Water scarcity has been a major thrusting issue in rural India, warrantinga high demand to design and implement different water distribution networks for easy and efficient use of existing water sources. Both macro and micro level systems exist of which, macro level water distribution networks have higher capital and maintenance costs. This is due to its size and the remote beneficiaries to which it caters. This paper describes the design of one such water distribution system in two rural villages in India whose design considerations includes the local community needs, availability of labor, local resources, climate, cost, and time for implementation. This paper also compares the micro and macro water distribution network's impact on sustainability. Sustainability is defined in terms of water wastage, usage rate, source capacity, total network length, cost of deployment, source recharge, and the network leakage rate. The paper discusses the water distribution projects completed in a village in Orissa and in a village in Rajasthan (two states in India) where all households were given 24/7 access to clean and safe drinking water for more than a year. The paper also draws insights on the socio-economic impact of the project carried out in these two states.
MONO ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASES EXPRESSED ON THE SURFACE OF PULMONARY EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE REGULATED BY PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (2007)

Mono ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a family of enzymes, related to bacterial toxins, which possess adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase activity (ARTs). The expression of ART1, 3 and 4 at the apical surface of airway cells is consistent with the possibility that ARTs may have a role in inflammatory response. Since several studies have evidenced that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in lung epithelial cells and given that there are a number of potential TLR agonists in the lung, we evaluated whether airway epithelial cells express transferase activity. We have assessed that A549 cells express ART1 on their surface and shown that lipotheicoic acid (LTA) and flagellin, but not lipopolysaccaride (LPS), peptidoglycan (PG) and poly (I:C), up-regulate ART1. This cell line was used to determine how bacterial components of Gram+ and Gram- bacteria affect ART activity and/or expression. The expression of ART1 relative to the actin obtained by qRT-PCR confirm the up-regulation exerted on ART1 gene by LTA but not by PAM and flagellin. LPS, LTA, PG, flagellin or poly(I:C) did not induce the expression of either ART3 or ART5 mRNA, while a strong stimulatory effect on ART4 mRNA expression was found after stimulation of cells with LPS, LTA and PG but not flagellin and poly(I:C). A pretreatment of cells with mAbs that antagonize TLR4 and TLR2, inhibited ART4 activation indicating TLR4 and TLR2 involved in the mediation of ART4 induction. The incubation with TLR2 antagonist specifically blocks the ART1 up-regulation by LTA indicating that the effect is mediated by this receptor.