gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Live streaming of 4K ultra-high definition video over the internet (2016)

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is the de facto standard for video streaming services over the Internet. In HAS, each video is temporally segmented and stored in different qualities. The client selects the quality level for every video segment based on network conditions, allowing a smooth playback with the best possible Quality of Experience (QoE). Although results are promising, current solutions suffer from two problems. First, a low quality and large end-to-end latency are often observed in live streaming scenarios. Second, freezes in the video playout may occur in case of sudden drops of the available bandwidth. We reduced these issues using two complementary approaches. First, we reduced the live latency using the new HTTP/2 server push in combination with super-short segments. Second, we designed an OpenFlow-based network controller that prioritizes the delivery of particular segments to avoid freezes at the clients. The proof-of-concept shows the results obtained when two clients stream a video under varying network conditions. By monitoring the clients' behavior, it is possible to understand the gains brought by the proposed approaches. Particularly, we demonstrate how our solutions consistently reduce the live latency in high round-trip time networks and video freezes caused by network congestion. These results represent a major improvement for the QoE of the final users.
Single-Well SAGD Field Installation and Functionality Trials (2012)

Abstract A vertical single-well steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) injector/producer is proposed that consists of six vertical propped planes installed at varying azimuths throughout the pay thickness to minimize geological heterogeneities on system performance. Steam is injected at the top of the pay and liquids are extracted at the bottom. The well operates immediately in SAGD mode and is highly efficient because of the immediate drainage available from the propped vertical planes, the full gravity drainage height at startup, and a favorable steam pressure gradient. A field trial is presented of the installation of multi-azimuth vertical propped planes from two expanded split-casing sections in a sandy silt formation. Each casing section contained six vertical propped planes at multiple azimuths that were coalesced by pore-pressure relief between the casing sections. Downhole expansion and splitting of the 9 5/8-in. casing and cement quantified formation stiffness and strength, while downhole photographs and packer impressions showed the split casing in the locked-open position. Each wing was stimulated independently of the other wings with 12/20-mesh proppant injected using a highly crosslinked gel through a specialized treatment tool. Real-time active resistivity monitoring quantified the injected plane geometry from both subsurface and surface resistivity receivers. Hydraulic pulse interference tests quantified the hydraulic vertical connectivity of the vertical propped planes. The field trials showed conclusively that multiple vertical propped planes on various azimuths can be constructed from a single wellbore and the planes coalesced between casing sections spaced along the wellbore. The field trials demonstrated the functionality of the expanded casing and stimulation tools and showed that the vertical permeable propped planes could be constructed on azimuth with high in-placed permeability. The geometry of the injected planes was recorded in real-time using the active resistivity method. Following completion of the stimulations, surface excavations showed two of the vertical planes on azimuth with the multi-azimuth casing dilation planes. Following this successful field trial, heavy-oil and bitumen steaming trials are planned.
Roles of NOD1 (NLRC1) and NOD2 (NLRC2) in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases (2012)

NOD1 {nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1; NLRC [NOD-LRR (leucine-rich repeat) family with CARD (caspase recruitment domain) 1]} and NOD2 (NLRC2) are among the most prominent members of the NLR (NOD-LRR) family -proteins that contain nucleotide-binding NACHT domains and receptor-like LRR domains. With over 20 members identified in humans, NLRs represent important components of the mammalian innate immune system, serving as intracellular receptors for pathogens and for endogenous molecules elaborated by tissue injury. NOD1 and NOD2 proteins operate as microbial sensors through the recognition of specific PG (peptidoglycan) constituents of bacteria. Upon activation, these NLR family members initiate signal transduction mechanisms that include stimulation of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), stress kinases, IRFs (interferon regulatory factors) and autophagy. Hereditary polymorphisms in the genes encoding NOD1 and NOD2 have been associated with an increasing number of chronic inflammatory diseases. In fact, potential roles for NOD1 and NOD2 in inflammatory disorders have been revealed by investigations using a series of animal models. In the present review, we describe recent experimental findings associating NOD1 and NOD2 with various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, and we discuss prospects for development of novel therapeutics targeting these NLR family proteins.
Intermediate-Sized Conjugated Donor Molecules for Organic Solar Cells: Comparison of Benzodithiophene and Benzobisthiazole-Based Cores (2017)

Two intermediate-sized donor molecules, BBTz-X and BDT-X, have been synthesized by the Stille coupling between 4-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-(trimethylstannyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophen-2-yl)-7-(5′-hexyl-[2,2′-bithiophen]-5-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine and either 4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,6-diiodobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis(thiazole) or 2,6-dibromo-4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene, respectively. Both oxidation and reduction potentials for BBTz-X are anodically shifted relative to those for BDT-X, but the oxidation potential is more sensitive to the identity of the core; this is consistent with what is seen for DFT-calculated HOMO and LUMO energies and with a slightly blue-shifted absorption maximum for BBTz-X. Although DFT calculations, along with crystal structures of related compounds, suggest more planar molecular structures for BBTz-X than for BDT-X, film structures and the effects of various annealing processes on these films, as revealed by GIWAXS, are similar. The performance of BDT-X:PC61BM bulk-heterojunction solar cells is more sensitive to annealing conditions than that of BBTz-X:PC61BM cells, but under appropriate conditions, both yield power conversion efficiencies of >7%.
Expansion of Effector Memory Regulatory T Cells Represents a Novel Prognostic Factor in Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (2012)

Myelodysplastic syndromes are premalignant diseases characterized by cytopenias, myeloid dysplasia, immune dysregulation with association to autoimmunity, and variable risk for acute myeloid leukemia transformation. Studies of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) indicate that the number and/or activation state may influence cancer progression in these patients. Focusing on patients with a lower risk for leukemia transformation, 18 (34.6%) of 52 patients studied displayed an altered Treg compartment compared with age-matched controls. Delineation of unique Treg subsets revealed that an increase in the absolute number of CD4(+)FOXP3(+)CD25(+)CD127(low)CD45RA(-)CD27(-) Tregs (effector memory Tregs [Treg(EM)]) was significantly associated with anemia (p = 0.046), reduced hemoglobin (p = 0.038), and blast counts ≥5% (p = 0.006). In healthy donors, this Treg(EM) population constitutes only 2% of all Tregs (one to six Tregs per microliter) in peripheral blood but, when isolated, exhibit greater suppressive activity in vitro. With a median follow-up of 3.1 y (range 2.7-4.9 y) from sample acquisition, increased numbers of Treg(EM) cells proved to have independent prognostic importance in survival estimates, suggesting that enumeration of this Treg subset may be a more reliable indicator of immunological escape than FOXP3(+) T cells as a whole. Based on multivariate analyses, Treg(EM) impacted survival independently from myeloblast characteristics, cytopenias, karyotype, and comorbidities. Based on these findings, Treg(EM) cell expansion may be synonymous with human Treg activation and indicate microenvironmental changes conducive to transformation in myelodysplastic syndromes.
Additive manufacturing of polymer-derived ceramics (2015)

The extremely high melting point of many ceramics adds challenges to additive manufacturing as compared with metals and polymers. Because ceramics cannot be cast or machined easily, three-dimensional (3D) printing enables a big leap in geometrical flexibility. We report preceramic monomers that are cured with ultraviolet light in a stereolithography 3D printer or through a patterned mask, forming 3D polymer structures that can have complex shape and cellular architecture. These polymer structures can be pyrolyzed to a ceramic with uniform shrinkage and virtually no porosity. Silicon oxycarbide microlattice and honeycomb cellular materials fabricated with this approach exhibit higher strength than ceramic foams of similar density. Additive manufacturing of such materials is of interest for propulsion components, thermal protection systems, porous burners, microelectromechanical systems, and electronic device packaging.
Solvent and structure effects on the spin-crossover and electron-transfer properties of [FeIII(X-Salmeen)2](PF6) and [FeIII(X-Sal)2trien](PF6) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent and structure effects on the spin-crossover and electron-transfer properties of [FeIII(X-Salmeen)2](PF6) and [FeIII(X-Sal)2trien](PF6)Tianpei Zhu, Chih Ho Su, Dwight Schaeper, B. Kaye Lemke, Lon J. Wilson, and Karl M. KadishCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 25, 4345–4349Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00193a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00193a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-time accommodation of actuator faults on a reusable rocket engine (1997)

An intelligent control system for reusable rocket engines is under development at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The primary objective is to extend the useful life of a reusable rocket propulsion system while minimizing flight maintenance and maximizing engine life and performance through improved control and monitoring algorithms and additional sensing and actuation. The main result of this work is the successful integration and real-time demonstration of model-based fault detection with a reconfigurable control as a new technique for valve fault accommodation on a reusable rocket engine. The focus here is on detecting and accommodating a frozen (stuck in a fixed position) oxidizer valve during a down-thrust and up-thrust manoeuvre by examining fault parameters produced by the algorithm. The detection scheme estimates the position of the frozen valve as a function of the fault parameters. Real-time simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach for two fault scenarios during a typical throttling manoeuvre.
A6 relativistic magnetron using a single-step cavity with diffraction output (2013)

The A6 relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) using a single-step cavity is described in this paper. The efficiency of this device can be as high as 78% with GW output power. The UNIPIC code was used to demonstrate that when the relativistic magnetron was driven using a 400 kV applied voltage, the energetic electrons emitted from the cathode strike the relativistic magnetron's anode block, emitting secondary electrons and backscattered electrons. The resultant secondary electron current lowers the output peak power, especially when the relativistic magnetron was driven using a short applied voltage pulse. This paper shows that in this design of the A6 relativistic MDO, the secondary electrons' influence on the operating characteristics is less than the secondary electrons' influence for the usual A6 relativistic MDO and the A6 magnetron with radial output. The A6 relativistic MDO with single-step cavity is more advantageous for mode switching and with more stable frequency. The result of this paper will provide reference for A6 relativistic magnetron mode switching experiments when selecting the boundary between neighboring modes.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES WITH ALPHA‐METHYL AMINO ACIDS, RESOLUTION AND AMINO PROTECTION (1975)

Abstract Die aus Phenylaceton und 2‐Methyl‐3‐butanon hergestellten α‐Methylaminosäuren (I) können mit Trifluoressigsäureanhydrid (II) leicht zu (III) acyliert werden.
The effect of C2–3 disc angle on postoperative adverse events in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (2018)

OBJECTIVEComplete radiographic and clinical evaluations are essential in the surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Prior studies have correlated cervical sagittal imbalance and kyphosis with disability and worse health-related quality of life. However, little is known about C2-3 disc angle and its correlation with postoperative outcomes. The present study is the first to consider C2-3 disc angle as an additional radiographic predictor of postoperative adverse events.METHODSA retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with CSM who underwent surgeries from 2010 to 2014. Data collected included demographics, baseline presenting factors, and postoperative outcomes. Cervical sagittal alignment variables were measured using the preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Univariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between dependent and independent variables, and a multivariable logistic regression model was created using stepwise variable selection.RESULTSThe authors identified 171 patients who had complete preoperative and postoperative radiographic and outcomes data. The overall rate of postoperative adverse events was 33% (57/171), and postoperative C2-3 disc angle, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis, and C2-7 Cobb angle were found to be significantly associated with adverse events. Inclusion of postoperative C2-3 disc angle in the analysis led to the best prediction of adverse events. The mean postoperative C2-3 disc angle for patients with any postoperative adverse event was 32.3° ± 17.2°, and the mean for those without any adverse event was 22.4° ± 11.1° (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSIn the present retrospective analysis of postoperative adverse events in patients with CSM, the authors found a significant association between C2-3 disc angle and postoperative adverse events. They propose that C2-3 disc angle be used as an additional parameter of cervical spinal sagittal alignment and predictor for operative outcomes.
Methods for Simultaneous Robot-World Hand-Eye Calibration: A Comparative Study (2019)

In this paper, we propose two novel methods for robot-world/hand-eye calibration and provide a comparative analysis against six state-of-the-art methods. We examine the calibration problem from two alternative geometrical interpretations, called hand-eye and robot-world-hand-eye, respectively. The study analyses the effects of specifying the objective function as pose error or reprojection error minimization problem. We provide three real and three simulated datasets with rendered images as part of the study. In addition, we propose a robotic arm error modeling approach to be used along with the simulated datasets for generating a realistic response. The tests on simulated data are performed in both ideal cases and with pseudo-realistic robotic arm pose and visual noise. Our methods show significant improvement and robustness on many metrics in various scenarios compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Light-induced fluorescence endoscopy (LIFE) imaging system for early cancer detection (1999)

This paper summarizes our experiences on the development of a Light Induced Fluorescence Endoscopy (LIFE) imaging system for early cancer detection in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The system utilizes tissue autofluorescence to provide real time video imaging of the examined organ. No exogenous fluorescent tumor markers are needed. It is used by a physician in adjunct to conventional white-light endoscopy. Suspicious areas are identified in pseudo color to guide biopsy. A multi- center clinical trial has demonstrated that in the lung, the relative sensitivity of white-light imaging + LIFE imaging vs. white-light imaging alone was 6.3 for intraepithelial neoplastic lesion detection and 2.71 when invasive carcinomas were also included. The following issues will be discussed: (1) spectroscopy study design for imaging system development; (2) architecture of the imaging systems; (3) different imaging modalities (white-light imaging, dual channel fluorescence imaging, and combined fluorescence/reflectance imaging); and (4) clinical applications.
ORBIT: Ordering Based Information Transfer Across Space and Time for Global Surface Water Monitoring (2017)

Many earth science applications require data at both high spatial and temporal resolution for effective monitoring of various ecosystem resources. Due to practical limitations in sensor design, there is often a trade-off in different resolutions of spatio-temporal datasets and hence a single sensor alone cannot provide the required information. Various data fusion methods have been proposed in the literature that mainly rely on individual timesteps when both datasets are available to learn a mapping between features values at different resolutions using local relationships between pixels. Earth observation data is often plagued with spatially and temporally correlated noise, outliers and missing data due to atmospheric disturbances which pose a challenge in learning the mapping from a local neighborhood at individual timesteps. In this paper, we aim to exploit time-independent global relationships between pixels for robust transfer of information across different scales. Specifically, we propose a new framework, ORBIT (Ordering Based Information Transfer) that uses relative ordering constraint among pixels to transfer information across both time and scales. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated for global surface water monitoring using both synthetic and real-world datasets.
Analysis of Mode-Dependent Gain in Raman Amplified Few-Mode Fiber (2012)

We present a theory for Raman amplification in few-mode fibers based on the real (non LP) waveguide modes of the fiber. The condition for minimal mode-dependent gain is analyzed and reported for a few-mode fiber supporting 12 polarization- and spatial modes. The results are in agreement with recent experimental demonstrations.
Sequencing by Hybridization Arrays (2003)

By determining an organism’s DNA sequence, researchers can obtain critical information about its development and physiology, its taxonomic relations, and its susceptibility to disease. There are three distinct methods of acquiring DNA sequence information: sequence-specific DNA degradation, synthesis, and/or separation; sequence-specific DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes; and nucleotide chain visualization. This chapter focuses on the second of these processes: the use of sequence-specific hybridization of oligonucleotide probes of known sequence to determine primary DNA structure. Refined over the past decade, such sequencing-by-hybridization (SBH) methods have become important tools in the field of genomics research.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF Δ1‐PYRROLINES AND Δ1‐PIPERIDINES (1985)

Abstract Die Nitrile (I) werden zu den Halogenalkyl‐Derivaten (III) bzw. (IV) substituiert und dann mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid und nachfolgend NaF/H,O zu den Pyrrolinen bzw. Piperideinen (VI) cyclisiert.
IBM Scenario Planning Advisor: Plan Recognition as AI Planning in Practice (2018)

We present the IBM Research Scenario Planning Advisor (SPA), a decision support system that allows users to generate diverse alternate scenarios of the future and enhance their ability to imagine the different possible outcomes, including unlikely but potentially impactful futures. The system includes tooling for experts to intuitively encode their domain knowledge, and uses AI Planning to reason about this knowledge and the current state of the world, including news and social media, when generating scenarios.
Von konventionellen zu ungewöhnlichen Gerüsten für Enzyminhibitoren: das Streben nach Spezifität (2011)

Abstract Die enorme Herausforderung der spezifischen molekularen Erkennung einzelner biomakromolekularer Ziele innerhalb komplexer biologischer Systeme erfordert neuartige und kreative Strategien. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschäftigt sich sowohl mit einigen konventionellen als auch mit ungewöhnlichen Herangehensweisen an die Entwicklung von selektiven Enzyminhibitoren mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die dazu verwendeten chemischen Grundgerüste. Diese beinhalten zum Beispiel komplizierte naturproduktähnliche organische Moleküle, stabile oktaedrische Metallkomplexe, Fullerene, Carborane, polymetallische Cluster und sogar Polymere. Somit ist das ganze Repertoire der organischen, anorganischen und makromolekularen Chemie verfügbar, um die Herausforderung der zielspezifischen Enzyminhibition anzugehen.
A Novel Heterocyclic Atom Exchange Reaction with Lawesson′s Reagent: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Dithiomaltol. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Experimental Comparison of Adaptive Optics Algorithms in 10-Gb/s Multimode Fiber Systems (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We experimentally compare various adaptive algorithms that use a spatial light modulator (SLM) to compensate modal dispersion in 50-<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>m graded-index multimode fibers. We show that continuous-phase sequential coordinate ascent (CPSCA) gives better bit-error-ratio performance than 2- or 4-phase sequential coordinate ascent, in concordance with simulations in <citerefgrp><citeref refid="ref10"/> </citerefgrp>. We then evaluate the bandwidth characteristics of CPSCA, and show that a single SLM is able to simultaneously compensate the modal dispersion in up to 9 wavelength-division-multiplexed 10-Gb/s channels, spaced by 50 GHz, over a total bandwidth of 450 GHz. We also show that CPSCA is able to compensate for modal dispersion in fibers up to 2.2 km long, even in the presence of midspan connector offsets up to 4 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>m (simulated in experiment by offset splices). A known non-adaptive launching technique using a fusion-spliced single-mode-to-multimode patchcord is shown to fail under these conditions. </para>