gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colorectal Cancer Detection in the Practice Setting (1990)

• To assess the contribution of fecal blood testing to cancer detection in a clinical practice setting, we studied records from 160 patients with both a new tissue diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma and a preceding stool blood test (HemoQuant, Mayo Medical Laboratories, Rochester, Minn) determination. In this group, 71% had suggestive colorectal symptoms (particularly stool changes, overt bleeding, and abdominal pain) or anemia at presentation, and 29% were asymptomatic. Fecal blood levels remained normal in more than 40% of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. In only 26 patients (16% overall) was an abnormal fecal blood level the sole heralding feature, but this subset of patients had a more favorable stage. Fecal blood levels were higher with advanced, larger, and more proximal tumors and with stools collected before purgation. We conclude that, in the practice setting, fecal blood level elevation alone is an uncommon but important manner of colorectal cancer presentation, most cancers present with symptoms, and fecal blood levels are often normal in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1990;150:1041-1045)
Subsynchronous resonance assessment for a large system with multiple series compensated transmission circuits (2018)

Generators connecting to a series compensated transmission system can be exposed to subsynchronous resonance (SSR) and require a comprehensive vulnerability assessment. This study presents an SSR assessment framework and tools to more efficiently assess all types of generation in a large system with multiple generators and meshed series capacitors. The developed framework covers torsional interaction, torque amplification, and induction generator effect/control interaction and includes three assessment stages: topology screening, frequency scan, and detailed electromagnetic transient study. Topology screening based on max‐flow min‐cut theorem is applied to identify the set of transmission outages forming radial connections between generators and series capacitors. Frequency scan analysis is then conducted to further analyse the SSR vulnerability with all the possible combinations of transmission outages identified in the topology screening results. Nearby generators are modelled by frequency‐dependent impedance tables, which consider the equivalent impedance looking into the generators over the range of 1–120 Hz. An electromagnetic transient simulation will be required to confirm the SSR vulnerability identified in the frequency scan analysis. The developed framework and tools have successfully been applied to a large power system with multiple series compensated circuits to ensure reliable generation interconnection and operation.
A Region in Domain II of the Urokinase Receptor Required for Urokinase Binding (2000)

The urokinase receptor is composed of three homologous domains based on disulfide spacing. The contribution of each domain to the binding and activation of single chain urokinase (scuPA) remains poorly understood. In the present paper we examined the role of domain II (DII) in these processes. Repositioning DII to the amino or carboxyl terminus of the molecule abolished binding of scuPA as did deleting the domain entirely. By using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we identified a 9-amino acid continuous sequence in DII (Arg(137)-Arg(145)) required for both activities. Competition-inhibition and surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated that mutation of Lys(139) and His(143) to alanine in soluble receptor (suPAR) reduced the affinity for scuPA approximately 5-fold due to an increase in the "off rate." Mutation of Arg(137), Arg(142), and Arg(145), each to alanine, leads to an approximately 100-fold decrease in affinity attributable to a 10-fold decrease in the apparent "on rate" and a 6-fold increase in off rate. These differences were confirmed on cells expressing variant urokinase receptor. suPAR-K139A/H143A displayed a 50% reduction in scuPA-mediated plasminogen activation activity, whereas the 3-arginine variant was unable to stimulate scuPA activity at all. Mutation of the three arginines did not affect binding of a decamer peptide antagonist of scuPA known to interact with DI and DIII. However, this mutation abolished both the binding of soluble DI to DII-III in the presence of scuPA and the synergistic activation of scuPA mediated by DI and wild type DII-DIII. These data show that DII is required for high affinity binding of scuPA and its activation. DII does not serve merely as a spacer function but appears to be required for interdomain cooperativity.
Seroepidemiologic Studies Of Human T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I in Jamaica (1985)

The prevalence of HTLV-I antibodies was evaluated in Jamaica among persons with various malignant, infectious, autoimmune and hematologic disorders and in clinically normal persons. Results document that: (1) the prevalence of HTLV-I antibodies in this population increases with age; (2) overall, there is no significant difference in the antibody prevalence between males and females; (3) antibody-positive individuals are born in all major regions of the island and geographical variance in antibody prevalence by place of birth was not prominent; (4) there is further confirmation of the high prevalence of HTLV-I antibody-positive lymphomas in Jamaica; and (5) the prevalence of HTLV-I antibodies in hemophiliacs, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), myelogenous leukemias, and patients with breast cancer is higher than in the age-matched population without malignancies, although none of these differences were statistically significant. The increased prevalence in hemophiliacs is most likely related to their frequent transfusion with blood products, but it has not yet been determined whether the prevalence in patients with other diseases is related to their diseases or other as yet undefined factors in common.
A global view of the aspiring physician-scientist (2022)

Physician-scientists have epitomized the blending of deep, rigorous impactful curiosity with broad attention to human health for centuries. While we aspire to prepare all physicians with an appreciation for these skills, those who apply them to push the understanding of the boundaries of human physiology and disease, to advance treatments, and to increase our knowledge base in the arena of human health can fulfill an essential space for our society, economies, and overall well-being. Working arm in arm with basic and translational scientists as well as expert clinicians, as peers in both groups, this career additionally serves as a bridge to facilitate the pace and direction of research that ultimately impacts health. Globally, there are remarkable similarities in challenges in this career path, and in the approaches employed to overcome them. Herein, we review how different countries train physician-scientists and suggest strategies to further bolster this career path.
A Simple Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay for Plasma Renin Activity (1981)

A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) in which plasma renin activity (PRA) can be measured in a single test tube throughout enzymatic reaction and determination of angiotensin-I (A-I) generated was developed. Two hundred micro 1 of plasma samples was incubated with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA) at pH 6.0 or 7.4 at 37 degrees C for 1 hr, then the generated A-I was determined by solid phase RIA under 3 hr of incubation time at room temperature. An antibody absorbed onto polystyrene beads was used for B/F separation of RIA. The combination of PMSF and EDTA gave significant inhibition of angiotensinase and converting enzyme. Pepstatin A, proteolytic enzyme inhibitor, was found to be effective to block the renin activity during the incubation for RIA at room temperature. Recoveries of A-I added at two levels of 1.0 4.0 ng/ml to plasma sample incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hr were 102 +/- 28.6% and 105 +/- 15.2%, respectively. Intra-assay precision (CV) ranged from 2.5 to 10.3% and inter-assay from 7.0 to 13.7% with four pooled sera. PRA obtained under enzymatic reaction of pH 6.0 showed approximately twice as much as that of pH 7.4. The assay correlated closely with the other established solid phase radioimmunoassay kit (r = 0.996). Normal values of PRA were 1.03 +/0 0.78 ng/mg/hr (n = 66) at supine position and 1.33 +/- 1.15 ng/ml/hr at upright position. The method for the measurement of PRA, described in this paper, can be clinically used as one of convenient methods froms its simplicity and reproducibility.
Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio has no predictive or prognostic value in breast cancer patients undergoing preoperative systemic therapy (2015)

Although there was a reverse trend with the higher NLR prior to systemic treatment in patients who achieved pCR, we could not demonstrate predictive or prognostic value of NLR in the cohort of early stage breast cancer patients treated with PST.
WWOX Expression in Different Histologic Types and Subtypes of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

Our results suggest that the loss of WWOX expression plays different roles in tumorigenesis of distinct histotypes and subtypes of NSCLC and is related to high aggressiveness (G3; high proliferating activity) of tumors.
Comparison of Film and Digital Fundus Photographs in Eyes of Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (2011)

Among clinical sites participating in the DRCR.net, agreement between film and digital images was substantial to almost perfect for DR severity level and moderate to substantial for DME and CSME severity levels, respectively. Replacement of film fundus images with digital images for DR severity level should not adversely affect clinical trial quality. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00367133, NCT00369486, NCT00444600, NCT00445003, NCT00709319.)
Tunable Optomechanical Cavities (2011)

We demonstrate broadband tuning of a silicon nitride optomechanical microcavity optical resonance by over 32 nm. The relative static mechanical displacement induced by optical gradient forces is estimated to be as large as 60 nm.
Reading QR Code Symbols with an Ultra-miniature Computational Diffractive Imager (2014)

We demonstrate in hardware that an ultra-miniature, lensless computational diffractive imager can yield images of QR code symbols sufficient for accurate code reading, even amidst modest variation in target orientation.
Water Relations in Seed Germination (2017)

In seeds that dehydrate at maturity, the germination process is initiated by the imbibition of water by the dry seed. If imbibition is prevented by impermeable seed coats, as with hard seeds, germination cannot occur. Seeds with permeable seed coats generally exhibit a three-phase process of water uptake consisting of imbibition, activation or germination sensu stricto, and growth phases. Germination sensu stricto is completed by the initiation of the growth phase of the embryo. Since plant cell growth is driven by water uptake into expanding cells, water relations would be expected to be involved in the transition of seeds into the growth phase. Before considering the water relations of germination, a short discussion of the temperature relations of germination is helpful to establish some fundamental concepts. Most seeds exhibit minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for germination. Germination capacity and rate generally increase progressively and coordinately during seed maturation.
Factors affecting the threading of axle molecules through macrocycles: Binding constants for semirotaxane formation (2002)

The threading of more or less linear axle molecules through macrocyclic molecules, a fundamental process relating to the formation of interlocked molecular structures, has been investigated through the study in acetone of the equilibrium constants for the formation of pseudorotaxanes by NMR methods. The 30 new axle molecules have in common a secondary ammonium group, present as the thiocyanate salt, and an anthracen-9-ylmethyl group, but are rendered unique by the second amine substituent. All rotaxanes involve the well known polyether macrocycle, benzo[24]crown-8. The constants for the binding of axles having linear groups ranging from 2 to 18 carbon atoms show little variation in binding constant but are divided into two groups by their equilibration rates. Those with less than five methylene groups react rapidly on the NMR timescale, whereas those having more than five methylene groups are slow. Branching inhibits binding, but the effect decreases as the branch is moved away from the amine. Phenyl groups weaken binding when close to the amine but strengthen binding when more remote. Some functional groups decrease pseudorotaxane stability (alcohol functions), whereas others increase binding (carboxylic acid groups).
Vertical split-ring resonator metamaterial for isotropic absorption and sensor (2017)

The four VSRRs are combined an isotropic perfect absorber which is independent to the polarization orientation and angle of incidences. Furthermore, it can also be a refractive index sensor with significant improvment of sensing performance.
Continued lamivudine versus delavirdine in combination with indinavir and zidovudine or stavudine in lamivudine-experienced patients: results of Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 370 (2000)

Substituting DLV for 3TC when adding IDV improved virologic outcome in nucleoside-experienced patients. This result might be explained, in part, by the positive effect of DLV on IDV pharmacokinetics.
Untersuchungen zum hydrolytischen Abbau wasserlöslicher Cellulosederivate unter homogenen Reaktionsbedingungen. 2. Mitt.: Ergebnisse zur enzymatischen Hydrolyse unterschiedlich hergestellter und unterschiedlich hoch substituierter Carboxymethylcellulose (1983)

Abstract Na‐Carboxymethylcellulose‐Proben mit DS‐Werten zwischen 0,5 und 1,7 wurden dem enzymatischen Abbau mit einem Kulturfiltrat von Gliocladium spec. unterworfen. Zur Charakterisierung des Abbauverlaufes dienten Viskositätsmessungen, sowie die Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Glucose und an reduzierenden Zuckern. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf spaltbare bzw. nicht spaltbare Glucosidbindungen im Substrat, die Länge und Art der Spaltstücke und die Verteilung substituierter und unsubstituierter Monomereinheiten entlang der Polymerkette diskutiert. Im DS‐ Bereich zwischen 0,5 und 0,8 hängt der Verlauf der enzymatischen Hydrolyse nicht nur vom DS, sondern auch von der Herstellungsweise und der dadurch bedingten unterschiedlich gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Substituenten längs der Kette und zwischen den Ketten ab.
Tumor-Shed Antigen Affects Antibody Tumor Targeting: Comparison of Two 89Zr-Labeled Antibodies Directed against Shed or Nonshed Antigens (2018)

We investigated the effect of shed antigen mesothelin on the tumor uptake of amatuximab, a therapeutic anti-mesothelin mAb clinically tested in mesothelioma patients. The B3 mAb targeting a nonshed antigen was also analyzed for comparison. The mouse model implanted with A431/H9 tumor, which expresses both shed mesothelin and nonshed Lewis-Y antigen, provided an ideal system to compare the biodistribution and PET imaging profiles of the two mAbs. Our study demonstrated that the tumor and organ uptakes of <sup>89</sup>Zr-B3 were dose-independent when 3 doses, 2, 15, and 60 <i>μ</i>g B3, were compared at 24 h after injection. In contrast, tumor and organ uptakes of <sup>89</sup>Zr-amatuximab were dose-dependent, whereby a high dose (60 <i>μ</i>g) was needed to achieve tumor targeting comparable to the low dose (2 <i>μ</i>g) of <sup>89</sup>Zr-B3, suggesting that shed mesothelin may affect amatuximab tumor targeting as well as serum half-life. The autoradiography analysis showed that the distribution of <sup>89</sup>Zr-B3 was nonuniform with the radioactivity primarily localized at the tumor periphery independent of the B3 dose. However, the autoradiography analysis for <sup>89</sup>Zr-amatuximab showed dose-dependent distribution profiles of the radiolabel; at 10 <i>μ</i>g dose, the radiolabel penetrated toward the tumor core with its activity comparable to that at the tumor periphery, whereas at 60 <i>μ</i>g dose, the distribution profile became similar to those of <sup>89</sup>Zr-B3. These results suggest that shed antigen in blood may act as a decoy requiring higher doses of mAb to improve serum half-life as well as tumor targeting. Systemic mAb concentration should be at a severalfold molar excess to the shed Ag in blood to overcome the hepatic processing of mAb-Ag complexes. On the other hand, mAb concentration should remain lower than the shed Ag concentration in the tumor ECS to maximize tumor penetration by passing binding site barriers.
Large-Area, Lightweight and Thick Biomimetic Composites with Superior Material Properties via Fast, Economic, and Green Pathways (2010)

Although remarkable success has been achieved to mimic the mechanically excellent structure of nacre in laboratory-scale models, it remains difficult to foresee mainstream applications due to time-consuming sequential depositions or energy-intensive processes. Here, we introduce a surprisingly simple and rapid methodology for large-area, lightweight, and thick nacre-mimetic films and laminates with superior material properties. Nanoclay sheets with soft polymer coatings are used as ideal building blocks with intrinsic hard/soft character. They are forced to rapidly self-assemble into aligned nacre-mimetic films via paper-making, doctor-blading or simple painting, giving rise to strong and thick films with tensile modulus of 45 GPa and strength of 250 MPa, that is, partly exceeding nacre. The concepts are environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and economic and are ready for scale-up via continuous roll-to-roll processes. Excellent gas barrier properties, optical translucency, and extraordinary shape-persistent fire-resistance are demonstrated. We foresee advanced large-scale biomimetic materials, relevant for lightweight sustainable construction and energy-efficient transportation.
Hip arthroplasty : minimally invasive techniques and computer navigation (2006)

1. The New Process of Total Hip Replacement 2. Biomechanical Reconstruction, Fixation, and Articulation Surfaces 3. Principles of Surgical Approach: Standard Posterior Exposure for Total Hip Replacement 4. Posterior Mini-Incision: Exposure 5. Posterior Mini-incision: Acetabular Preparation and Implantation 6. Femoral Preparation 7. Computer Assisted Total Hip Replacement 8. The anterior mini incision intermuscular approach: A single incision 9. Anterior Lateral Approach for Mini-incision Total Hip Replacement 10. Principles of Routine Revision Hip Replacement 11. Rehabilitation after Primary Total Hip Replacement
Charge Transport and Optical Properties of MOCVD-Derived Highly Transparent and Conductive Mg- and Sn-Doped In2O3 Thin Films (2005)

Mg- and Sn-doped In2O3 (MgIn(x)Sn(y)O(z), 6.0 < x < 16.0; 3.0 < y < 8.0) thin films were grown by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using the volatile metal-organic precursors tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)indium(III) [In(dpm)3], bis(2,4-pentanedionato)tin(II) [Sn(acac)2], and bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)magnesium(II) [Mg(dpm)2(TMEDA)]. Films in this compositional range retain the cubic In2O3 bixbyite crystal structure. The highest conductivity is found to be approximately 1000 S/cm for an as-grown film with a nominal composition MgIn14.3Sn6.93O(z). Annealing of such films in a vacuum raises the conductivity to approximately 2000 S/cm. The optical transmission window of the present films is significantly wider than that of typical indium tin oxide (ITO) films from 300 to 3300 nm, and the transmittance is also greater than or comparable to that of commercial ITO films.
A Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Weltevreden, an Emerging Agent of Diarrheal Disease in Tropical Regions (2016)

Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden) is an emerging cause of diarrheal and invasive disease in humans residing in tropical regions. Despite the regional and international emergence of this Salmonella serovar, relatively little is known about its genetic diversity, genomics or virulence potential in model systems. Here we used whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to define the phylogenetic structure of a diverse global selection of S. Weltevreden. Phylogenetic analysis of more than 100 isolates demonstrated that the population of S. Weltevreden can be segregated into two main phylogenetic clusters, one associated predominantly with continental Southeast Asia and the other more internationally dispersed. Subcluster analysis suggested the local evolution of S. Weltevreden within specific geographical regions. Four of the isolates were sequenced using long read sequencing to produce high quality reference genomes. Phenotypic analysis in Hep-2 cells and in a murine infection model indicated that S. Weltevreden were significantly attenuated in these models compared to the classical S. Typhimurium reference strain SL1344. Our work outlines novel insights into this important emerging pathogen and provides a baseline understanding for future research studies.
Organoids are not organs: Sources of variation and misinformation in organoid biology (2023)

In the past decade, the term organoid has moved from obscurity to common use to describe a 3D in vitro cellular model of a tissue that recapitulates structural and functional elements of the in vivo organ it models. The term organoid is now applied to structures formed as a result of two distinct processes: the capacity for adult epithelial stem cells to re-create a tissue niche in vitro and the ability to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to a 3D self-organizing multicellular model of organogenesis. While these two organoid fields rely upon different stem cell types and recapitulate different processes, both share common challenges around robustness, accuracy, and reproducibility. Critically, organoids are not organs. This commentary serves to discuss these challenges, how they impact genuine utility, and shine a light on the need to improve the standards applied to all organoid approaches.