gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology Needs for the Automotive Torque Converter—Part 1: Internal Flow, Blade Design, and Performance (1988)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The torque converter is a very complex turbomachine. Its geometry is highly three-dimensional, the working fluid is viscous oil, and it operates under a wide range of flow conditions. However, its hydrodynamic design technology has advanced very little during the past few decades. The design procedure has been based greatly on the use of the cut-and-try approach. The use of such an approach may satisfy the design requirements in terms of diameter, axial length, and K factor, but it may never lead to an optimized design for any given application. In addition, it has been proven to be too costly and time consuming. The current design tools need to be upgraded in order to significantly advance the hydrodynamic design technology.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A review of the technology needs in the areas of internal flow, blade design, and performance is presented. First, the three-dimensional internal flow field and the physical mechanisms of the internal flow losses are described. Secondly, two analyses of a stator blade passage, using potential flow and viscous flow finite element computer codes, are shown. Thirdly, experimental techniques used to obtain internal flow data are discussed. Finally, technology required to develop an accurate performance model Is presented.&lt;/div&gt;
An equivalent circuit formulation of the power flow problem with current and voltage state variables (2015)

Steady state analysis of power grids is typically performed using power flow analysis, where nonlinear balance equations of real and reactive power are solved to calculate the voltage magnitude, phase, and power at every bus. Transient analysis of the same power grids are performed using circuit simulation methods. We propose a novel approach to modeling the nonlinear steady state behavior of power grids in terms of equivalent circuits with currents and voltages as the state variables that is a step toward unifying transient and steady state models. A graph theoretic formulation approach is used to solve the circuits that enables incorporation of switch models for contingency analyses. Superior nonlinear steady state convergence is demonstrated by use of current as a state variable and application of circuit simulation methods. Furthermore, current and voltage state variables will offer greater compatibility with future smart grid components and monitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Cumulated Ylides. Part 20. Syntheses of E‐α,β‐Unsaturated Macrocyclic Lactones by Intramolecular Wittig Olefination via Triphenylphosphoranylidene Ketene. (1989)

Abstract Reaction of the protected or unprotected hydroxy aldehydes (II), (VI), and (IX) with the ketene ylide (I) and subsequent intramolecular Wittig reaction produce the macrocyclic lactones (IV) and (XI).
Evidence of erratic behaviors in p-channel floating gate memories and a cell architectural solution (2009)

This work shows for the first time the presence of erratic phenomena in p-channel floating gate memories using Fowler Nordheim tunneling for both program and erase operations. A specific p-channel EEPROM architecture is investigated and found to be intrinsically robust against erratic behaviors. A comparison between the p-channel device and a conventional n-channel Flash is discussed and physical interpretations are suggested.
Session details: System software and security: HCI - smart human computer interaction track (2018)

No abstract available.
An Equivalent Circuit Workflow for Unconstrained Optimization (2023)

We introduce a new workflow for unconstrained optimization whereby objective functions are mapped onto a physical domain to more easily design algorithms that are robust to hyperparameters and achieve fast convergence rates. Specifically, we represent optimization problems as an equivalent circuit that are then solved solely as nonlinear circuits using robust solution methods. The equivalent circuit models the trajectory of component-wise scaled gradient flow problem as the transient response of the circuit for which the steady-state coincides with a critical point of the objective function. The equivalent circuit model leverages circuit domain knowledge to methodically design new optimization algorithms that would likely not be developed without a physical model. We incorporate circuit knowledge into optimization methods by 1) enhancing the underlying circuit model for fast numerical analysis, 2) controlling the optimization trajectory by designing the nonlinear circuit components, and 3) solving for step sizes using well-known methods from the circuit simulation. We first establish the necessary conditions that the controls must fulfill for convergence. We show that existing descent algorithms can be re-derived as special cases of this approach and derive new optimization algorithms that are developed with insights from a circuit-based model. The new algorithms can be designed to be robust to hyperparameters, achieve convergence rates comparable or faster than state of the art methods, and are applicable to optimizing a variety of both convex and nonconvex problems.
Detection of the first heart sound using a time-delay neural network (2003)

A method for detecting the first heart sound (SI) using a time-delay neural network (TDNN) is reported The network consists of a single hidden layer, with time-delay links connecting the hidden units to the time-frequency energy coefficients of a Morlet wavelet decomposition of the input phonocardiogram (PCG) signal. The neural network operates on a 200 msec sliding window with each time-delay hidden unit spanning 100 msec of wavelet data. Heart sounds were recorded from 30 subjects for 20 seconds at each of four standard auscultatory sites using a commercially available electronic stethoscope. A training set comprised of half of the heartbeats from 20 randomly selected subjects was created The network was trained on this set and tested on the full data set. The average performance is 1.6% deletion error and 2.2% insertion error. This level of S1 detection is considered satisfactory for analysis of the phonocardiogram signal.
Associations of Retinal Vessel Caliber With Hearing Status in Childhood and Midlife (2020)

Adverse retinal microvascular characteristics are associated with hearing loss by midlife, with venular associations possibly emerging by age 11 to 12 years. Microvascular health may contribute to the pathogenesis of hearing loss across the life course, warranting replication and mechanistic studies to inform causal inference and prevention efforts.
Understanding couch potatoes (2011)

We investigate how consumers view content using Video on Demand (VoD) in the context of an IP-based video distribution environment. Users today can use interactive stream control functions such as skip, replay, fast-forward, pause, and rewind to control their viewing. The use of these functions can place additional demands on the distribution infrastructure (servers, network, and set top boxes) and can be challenging to manage with a large subscriber base. A model of user interaction provides insight into the impact of stream control on server and bandwidth requirements, client responsiveness, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Sensitive Fluorogenic Probe for Cytochrome P450 Activity in Live Cells (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integrated DNA purification, PCR, sample cleanup, and capillary electrophoresis microchip for forensic human identification (2011)

A fully integrated microdevice and process for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis has been developed that includes sequence-specific DNA template purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), post-PCR cleanup and inline injection, and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Fragmented genomic DNA is hybridized with biotin-labeled capture oligos and pumped through a fluidized bed of magnetically immobilized streptavidin-coated beads in microchannels where the target DNA is bound to the beads. The bead-DNA conjugates are then transferred into a 250 nL PCR reactor for autosomal STR amplification using one biotin and one fluorescence-labeled primer. The resulting biotin-labeled PCR products are electrophoretically injected through a streptavidin-modified capture gel where they are captured to form a concentrated and purified injection plug. The thermally released sample plug is injected into a 14 cm long CE column for fragment separation and detection. The DNA template capture efficiency provided by the on-chip sequence-specific template purification is determined to be 5.4% using K562 standard DNA. This system can produce full 9-plex STR profiles from 2.5 ng input standard DNA and obtain STR profiles from oral swabs in about 3 hours. This fully integrated microsystem with sample-in-answer-out capability is a significant advance in the development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable micro-total analysis systems for on-site human identification.
The monolithic heterogeneous integration of GaAs PIN photodiode and Si CMOS-based transimpedance amplifier (2014)

This article describes a GaAs PIN photodiode was directly grown on a Si substrate in which CMOS-based transimpedance amplifier (TIA) was fabricated using general Si CMOS process. This monolithic integration device was successfully demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral N‐Acyl‐tert‐butanesulfinamides: The “Safety‐Catch” Principle Applied to Diastereoselective Enolate Alkylations. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-chip separation of peptides prepared within a micro reactor (2003)

We have demonstrated that peptides may be electrophoretically separated from unreacted reagents within an integrated micro reactor.
Analysis of the polarity effects in the electrical breakdown of liquids. (2005)

Electrical breakdown simulations are carried out for liquids in response to a sub-microsecond ({approx}100-200 ns) voltage pulse. This model builds on our previous analysis and focuses particularly on the polarity effect seen experimentally in point-plane geometries. The flux-corrected transport approach is used for the numerical implementation. Our model adequately explains experimental observations of pre-breakdown current fluctuations, streamer propagation and branching as well as disparities in hold-off voltage and breakdown initiation times between the anode and cathode polarities. It is demonstrated that polarity effects basically arise from the large mobility difference between electrons and ions. The higher electron mobility leads to greater charge smearing and diffusion that impacts the local electric field distributions. Non-linear couplings between the number density, electric field and charge generation rates then collectively affect the formation of ionized channels and their temporal dynamics.
Applying Big Data Analytics to Logistics Processes of Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Through a Hybrid Modeling and Simulation Approach (2015)

The exploration and production of oil and gas lead to many logistics challenges. In the case of the Brazilian offshore production, the operation size and the fact that the exploration occurs up to 300 km apart from the coast make these challenges even greater. There are many thousands of different types of materials, hundreds of suppliers, as well as hundreds of different destinations served by distinct routes. In short, this is a complex system, in which it is necessary to deal with an intrinsically combinatorial problem of sharing resources, such as warehouses, ports and means of transportation. Logistics processes need to deliver the materials in time, making sure that the production is not affected. In addition, operational costs and immobilized capital must be minimized. It is crucial to evaluate distribution probabilities for lead-times, identify bottlenecks and predict the effect of adopting specific policies for supply, picking and transportation. In order to address these issues, it is necessary to answer complex what-if queries that take into account the temporal relations, either specified or dictated by the process dynamics, between the events. Since all operations are logged, a substantial amount of historical data is generated. However, these data do not necessarily cover all situations, simply because certain feasible and relevant combinations of events may not have occurred during the period that data is logged. This motivates the use of simulations that generate huge amounts of data augmenting the (logged) historical data, and making big data analytics necessary. In this paper, we briefly describe the process of model building based on historical data as well as the construction of a simulation engine that permits efficient large scale simulations. The simulation results, together with the logged historical data are subjected to big data analytics in order to create global prediction models. The proposed methodology aims to answer complex what-if queries about the logistics processes with a high degree of efficiency and prediction accuracy. The software tool, based on this methodology, is designed so that a decision maker can interactively detect critical situations and study the global effect of changes in policies. Some examples of queries that can be supported by this research are: (i) estimation of distribution probabilities for lead-times under varied circumstances; and (ii) probability of critical materials shortage during periods of high demand.
Factors associated with mortality in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (2011)

In addition to advanced age, HIV and characteristics of advanced tuberculosis, experiencing an interruption in anti-tuberculosis therapy, primarily due to non-adherence, was also independently associated with increased risk of death. Improving adherence early during treatment for tuberculosis may both improve tuberculosis outcomes as well as decrease mortality.
Prediction of common-mode radiated emission from PCB using vector network analyzer with a bulk injection current probe (2012)

This paper uses the vector network analyzer with a bulk injection current probe to measure the transmission coefficient for the common-mode radiated emissions from a printed circuit board. The purpose of developing such a measurement technique is to predict the far-field spectrum of radiated emission for good correlation with the fully-anechoic chamber measurement results. Electromagnetic simulation is also applied to verify the accuracy of the proposed technique. Comparison between simulation and measurement shows rather satisfactory agreement.
Oxidation of Disulfides by 4-Electron Transfer to O2: A Ru(bpy)3 2+-Catalyzed Photo-Oxidation System for Selective Formation of Polythioethers (1997)

Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride catalyzed the photo-oxidative polymerization of diaryl disulfides by O2, by which poly(thioarylene)s were efficiently produced. The polymerization proceeded through the electrophilic reaction of the sulfonium cation which was produced selectively by the photo-redox system.
Manufacture of Porous Aluminum by Utilizing Friction Stir Processing (2009)

Porous aluminum is expected to be a multifunctional material of automobile which can realize improvement of both collision safety and fuel efficiency, because of its high energy absorption ability with lightweight property. In this study, closed-cell porous aluminum was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) route using inexpensive aluminum plates. This proposed FSP route has great potential to realize high productivity, low energy consumption and low-cost manufacturing. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of the FSP route for fabricating the closed-cell porous aluminum. Also, the effect of the alumina addition for the purpose of pore stabilization to the morphology of the pores and porosity was investigated. It was shown that porous aluminum with the porosity of 80-90% was realized by adding alumina and optimizing the temperature condition.
Comparison of direct and downconverted digitization in GPS receiver front end designs (2002)

This paper compares two front end designs of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. The first approach is the direct digitization of the input signal and the second approach is to downconvert the input signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) then digitize it. Theoretically, these two methods should produce similar results and our experimental data support this argument.
Liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry optical elements (2019)

In this paper, we aim to show that liquid crystal films (LCs) with well-defined molecular orientations are an exceptional platform for flat optical devices based on the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase. Especially, the development of plasmonic photopatterning technique in recent years has made it easy to align liquid crystal molecules in to designer orientation patterns with both high spatial resolution and high throughput and thus enables large scale manufacturing liquid crystal optical devices with low costs. Here we present liquid crystal laser beam shapers and microlenses as two examples to illustrate the design principles and the fabrication processes for liquid crystal flat optical elements. In comparison with flat optical devices made of plasmonic or dielectric metasurfaces, liquid crystal flat optical elements are advantageous due to the high optical efficiencies and low fabrication costs.
CHAPTER X (2009)

The musical instruments of the ancients have always been found a difficult subject to treat upon; and for several reasons. The first is, because only a limited number of the instruments named by classical authors can be thoroughly identified. This is partly owing to the absence of cotemporary representations in sculpture or in paintings; and even when such are to be found, too much poetical license has not infrequently been taken with their forms, and they are rarely accompanied by distinctive names. Such allusions to them as are to be found in the texts are generally casual and brief, and often very indefinite. In these cases, other notices have to be sought for, sometimes far and wide; they are then to be collected together, and to be compared.
A three-phase soft-switched isolated AC/DC converter without auxiliary circuit (2004)

An AC/DC converter topology comprises a voltage source converter (VSC) with capacitive snubbers and a 2-phase by 3-phase cycloconverter, connected by an MF transformer. By alternately commutating the two converters it is possible to achieve soft switching conditions for all of the semiconductor elements. Furthermore, it is shown that resonant commutation of the voltage source converter is possible by utilizing the cycloconverter in order to momentarily short-circuit the transformer terminals. This allows for soft commutation of the VSC down to zero load. Furthermore, the design and operation of a 40 kVA prototype converter system based on the studied concept is described.
Quantum nano-photonic devices based on rare-earth ions (Conference Presentation) (2018)

I present quantum nano-photonic devices based on nanophotonic resonators coupled to rare-earth-ions in crystals. The rare-earth ions exhibit long coherence times on optical transitions, which makes them suitable for optical quantum memories. We demonstrate a high-fidelity nanophotonic quantum memory based on a mesoscopic rare-earth ensemble coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. The nanocavity enables >95% spin polarization for efficient initialization of the atomic frequency comb memory, and time-bin-selective readout via enhanced optical Stark shift of the comb frequencies. Besides ensemble memories, single rare-earth-ions coupled to nano-resonators can be used as single optically addressable quantum bits where the quantum state is mapped on their Zeeman or hyperfine levels with long coherence time. Our solid-state nano-photonic quantum light-matter interfaces can be integrated with other chip-scale photon source and detector devices for multiplexed quantum and classical information processing at the nodes of quantum networks.
Succinct Representation of Sequences (2008)

Abstract. Given a sequence S = s1s2... sn such that 1 ≤ sq ≤ r for all q, where r = O(polylog(n)), we show how S can be represented using nH0(S)+o(n) bits (where H0(S) is the zero-order entropy of S), so that we can know any sq, as well as answer rank and select queries on S, in constant time. This extends previous results on binary sequences, and improves previous results on general sequences where those queries are answered in O(log r) time. Furthermore, we show how our technique can be applied to improve a succinct full-text index. 1
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Uniform Resource Identifiers (2013)

This document specifies the syntax of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes for the Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) protocol. It defines two URI schemes to provision the TURN Resolution Mechanism (RFC 5928).
Energy efficient FFT implementation through stage skipping and merging (2015)

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) implementation is characterized by a large number of memory access operations. For FFTs with a significant number of zeros at the input, commonly found in broadcasting standards, we propose energy optimizations leading to reduced memory accesses. We also present an energy estimate based technique for selecting an energy-efficient Register File size, for implementing FFT in both Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) and non-SIMD architectures. Experimental results for different configurations show a variation of 18.5% to 58.5% in energy consumption across the best and worst choices of RF size in the considered range. The proposed implementation is up to 92% more energy efficient than both the non-optimized and pruned radix-2 FFT implementations.
Tabletop nonlinear optics in the 100-eV spectral region (2018)

Nonlinear light-matter interactions in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) are a prerequisite to perform XUV-pump/XUV-probe spectroscopy of core electrons. Such interactions are now routinely investigated at free-electron laser (FEL) facilities. Yet, electron dynamics are often too fast to be captured with the femtosecond resolution of state-of-the-art FELs. Attosecond pulses from laser-driven XUV-sources offer the necessary temporal resolution. However, intense attosecond pulses supporting nonlinear processes have only been available for photon energy below 50 eV, precluding XUV-pump/XUV-probe investigation of typical inner-shell processes. Here, we surpass this limitation by demonstrating two-photon absorption from inner electronic shells of xenon at photon energies around 93 eV and 115 eV. This advance opens the door for attosecond real-time observation of nonlinear electron dynamics deep inside atoms.