gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MLL Translocation in a Multipotent Progenitor Causing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia - Two-Step Model of the Disease. (2006)

Abstract Leukaemias with MLL gene rearrangement are usually considered prognostically unfavourable and the clinical symptoms typically follow the translocation formation rapidly. MLL rearrangement is thus thought to be a major hit in leukaemogenesis that is either sufficient to cause the disease or it is a very strong and rapid inducer of the subsequent hit(s) required for the malignant transformation. We report an unusual presentation of secondary acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (sALL) with MLL rearrangement. Our patient was diagnosed originally with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML-M3) characterised by PML/RARα fusion and an internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3/ITD). After 30 months of complete remission of AML, she developed sALL with MLL/FOXO3A fusion gene. Bone marrow (BM) samples taken during AML therapy were analysed for the presence of these aberrations. Both the PML/RARα fusion and FLT3/ITD disappeared shortly after AML onset and did not reappear. However, FISH and quantitative RT-PCR showed the presence of the MLL/FOXO3A fusion 20 months before the diagnosis of sALL, present in 10–90% of BM cells. Morphological examination showed no blast infiltration of the BM at this time. Experiments combining FISH and morphology confirmed the presence of an MLL rearrangement in myeloid as well as lymphoid cells, indicating that the fusion arose in a multipotent progenitor. In order to identify potential secondary genetic events precipitating sALL in this patient, we used Affymetrix 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis on DNA from the diagnostic sALL sample versus the "preleukaemic" (remission AML) sample taken 16 months before. This analysis revealed a 10 Mb amplification on 19q13.32 in the sALL sample, not present in the preleukaemic sample: this was confirmed by FISH with a BAC from the amplified region. A difference between the pre-leukaemic and leukaemic cells is also demonstrated by the incomplete rearrangement of IgH gene (DH1/JH) present only at the diagnosis of sALL. There are about 450 genes in the amplified region on 19q and several of them might be involved in deregulation of the preleukaemic cell if overrepresented (e.g. FLT3 ligand, interleukin 11, Ras interacting protein 1, Stem cell growth factor, Aurora C). The long latency period prior to the onset of the secondary leukaemia in our case resembles the mouse model of MLL/FOXO3A. However, in contrast to the animal model and also to the previous reports of MLL/FOXO3A patients (2 cases described so far, both secondary AMLs after Hodgkin’s disease), our child developed leukaemia from the lymphoid lineage. Taken together, these results indicate that the MLL/FOXO3A fusion alone is not sufficient to cause leukaemia and that second hit is required to the onset of the disease. A responsible gene is possibly located on the telomeric part of the 19q.
Low-Power High-Speed Silicon Microdisk Modulators (2010)

A novel silicon microdisk modulator with “error-free” ~3 femtojoule/bit modulation at 12.5Gbs has been demonstrated. Modulation with a 1 volt swing allows for compatibility with current and future digital logic CMOS electronics.
Patterning Disorder in Monolayer Resists for the Fabrication of Sub-100-nm Structures in Silver, Gold, Silicon, and Aluminum (1999)

This paper describes the development of a new methodology, “topographically directed etching” or TODE, that relies on patterned regions of disorder in SAMs to generate features specifically at the edges of topographically patterned metal films. The features that are produced have lateral dimensions of <50 to 200 nm and are at least an order of magnitude smaller than those patterned originally in the material, when the original patterning is at the scale of μm. Several variations of this methodology are described, the results of which include the generation of 100-nm trenches in silver, gold, SiO2/Si, and Al2O3/Al, 100-nm lines of silver, asymmetric structures in aluminum and silver, and 50-nm features in curved silver surfaces. Although the techniques can be combined with photolithography, the pattern transfer step is based on chemical reaction and is therefore not limited by diffraction or depth of focus. This methodology makes the fabrication of ∼100-nm structures accessible to chemists/materials scientists without access to tools required for electron-beam writing and other procedures of nanofabrication.
Blocking interleukin-1 in sepsis (1995)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a polypeptide which possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities, many of which are associated with disease. It has been studied for its ability to induce fever, sleep and anorexia, elevate prostaglandins and nitric oxide, stimulate the release of pituitary hormones, elevate hepatic acute phase proteins, increase gene expression for other cytokines and augment the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. In addition, IL-1 increases the synthesis of collagenases and decreases the synthesis of proteoglycans, resulting in joint destruction. More recently, IL-1 has been shown to induce hypotension and upregulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules, both important parameters of the septic shock syndrome. IL-1 also possesses host defense properties. For example, pretreatment with IL-1 non-specifically reduces lethality to bacterial and fungal infections, even in the absence of circulating neutrophils. IL-1 has been given to humans in clinical trials; as increasing doses are given, IL-1 is toxic, producing gastrointestinal disturbances and hypotension. It appears that low doses of exogenously administered IL-1 may prove useful as a therapy. On the other hand, blocking the toxic effects of IL-1 may be necessary in the treatment of certain diseases. IL-1 receptor blockade has been studied in human disease including sepsis. Similar to other studies using corticosteroids, antibodies to tumor necrosis factor, bradykinin antagonists and inhibitors of platelet activating factor, clear-cut beneficial effects of IL-1 receptor blockade have not matched those demonstrated in animals.
Lifetime Costs of Prophylactic Mastectomies and Reconstruction versus Surveillance (2015)

These findings are consistent with contralateral and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy being cost saving in many scenarios, regardless of the reconstructive option chosen. They suggest that physicians and patients should continue to receive flexibility in deciding how best to proceed clinically in each case.
Photon manipulation at the surface of three-dimensional photonic crystals (2009)

Photon manipulation at the `surface' of three-dimensional photonic crystals has been demonstrated. It is shown that photons can be confined and propagate through surface states, and strong 3D localization of photons (Q ges 9000) has been achieved.
Adult Low-Hypodiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Emerges from Preleukemic TP53 -Mutant Clonal Hematopoiesis (2023)

We show that low-hypodiploid ALL is a frequent entity within B-ALL in older adults, relying on somatic TP53 biallelic alteration. Our study unveils a link between aging and low-hypodiploid ALL, with TP53-mutant clonal hematopoiesis representing a preleukemic reservoir that can give rise to aneuploidy and B-ALL. See related commentary by Saiki and Ogawa, p. 102. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 101.
An integrate-and-dump receiver for high dynamic range photonic analog-to-digital conversion (2012)

A high-linearity integrate-and-dump circuit is proposed for the electrical interface to a photonic sampling system. The integrate-and-dump receiver operates at 2 GS/s with a 500ps period for integration, hold, and reset. Better than 7.5 ENOB is measured with a sinewave input. The integrate-and-dump receiver is fabricated in a 120nm SiGe BiCMOS technology with a core current consumption of 84 mA from a 5 V supply.
Trackball text entry for people with motor impairments (2006)

We present a new gestural text entry method for trackballs. The method uses the mouse cursor and relies on crossing instead of pointing. A user writes in fluid Roman-like unistrokes by ""pulsing"" the trackball in desired letter patterns. We examine this method both theoretically using the Steering Law and empirically in two studies. Our studies show that able-bodied users who were unfamiliar with trackballs could write at about 10 wpm with <4% total errors after 45 minutes. In eight sessions, a motor-impaired trackball user peaked at 7.11 wpm with 0% uncorrected errors, compared to 5.95 wpm with 0% uncorrected errors with an on-screen keyboard. Over sessions, his speeds were significantly faster with our gestural method than with an on-screen keyboard. A former 15-year veteran of on-screen keyboards, he now uses our gestural method instead.
Header Diff: A compact HTTP header representation for HTTP/2.0 (2013)

This document describes a format adapted to efficiently represent HTTP
headers in the context of HTTP/2.0.
Thyrointegrin αVβ3 Antagonist: Implications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2021)

Abstract Leukemic cells are able to receive and send several signals within bone marrow niche that play an important role in their survival. One of the important crosstalk is the interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment proteins (vitronectin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and ostepontin) and thyrointegrin αVβ3 on leukemic cells, generating ligand-specific outside-in signals that are relevant to a variety of cell functions, including gene transcription, cell division, cell attachment, and motility Our previous experiment using in vivo AML animal models with primary AML cells and cell lines have shown significant reduction of leukemic cell burden 74% and &amp;gt;95% (P&amp;lt;0.0001), respectively, after daily subcutaneous treatment with thyrointegrin αvβ3 antagonist fb-PMT (Ki 0.23 nM) at 3 and 10 mg/kg, for 3-4 weeks. In this study we focused on evaluations of the molecular effects of fb-PMT in leukemic cells. Acute myeloid leukemia cell lines (K562-Luc and KG1a cells) were cultured in 50 cm² cell culture flasks with 10 mL phenol red free RPMI media containing 10% fetal bovine albumin. The leukemic cells were treated (at 50% confluence) with 30 µM fb-PMT for 48 hours. Total RNA was immediately isolated from harvested cells using Triazole and used for microarray analysis. Overall, there were 370 significantly down-regulated gene expression records and 273 significantly up-regulated gene expression records, expression of which were changed at least 1.5-fold in fb-PMT-treated human leukemic cells. Significant examples of the fb-PMT-induced gene expression signatures (GES) of pathway's interference include SNAI, MYC, HIF1A, TWIST1, and TFAP2C (P&amp;lt;0.05). Notably, inference of potential contribution to the fb-PMT anticancer activity of the interference with these pathways seems highly congruent with their known biological functions such as cell cycle control (MYC), survival and maintenance of stem cells (HIF1A, TFAP2C), and essential features of the malignant phenotype (TWIST1, SNAI) (Figure 1). Consistently, examples of the fb-PMT-induced GES of transcriptional pathway's activation include RB1, IRF9, MAML1, RAP1A, and GATA4 pathways (P&amp;lt;0.05), known biological functions of which appear highly consistent with the hypothesis that activation of these pathways might contribute to fb-PMT anticancer activity. Finally, we found that fb-PMT interfered with estrogen signaling in human AML cells. The fb-PMT was associated with decreased phosphorylation and nuclear enrichment of Erα (Figure 1). Collectively, our in vivo study and genomic data have shown the key role thyrointegrin αvβ3 in leukemogenesis. The thyrointegrin αvβ3 antagonist fb-PMT demonstrated potent anticancer actions on human AML through the molecular interference mechanism with multiple signaling pathways supporting growth and survival of leukemic cells Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Understanding and Modeling of Grain Boundary Pinning in Inconel 718 (2012)

The microstructure stability during sub-solvus annealing was investigated in Inconel 718 alloy. A reference dynamically recrystallized microstructure was produced through thermomechanical processing (torsion). The reference microstructure evolution during annealing was analyzed by EBSD (grain size, intragranular misorientation) and SEM ( phase particles). Results confirm that, in the absence of stored energy, the grain structure is controlled by the phase particles, as predicted by the Zener equation. If the reference microstructure is strained ( < 0.1) before annealing, then stored energy gradients between grains will induce selective grain growth leading to coarsening. The phenomenon is controlled by the balance of three forces (acting on boundaries migration) having the same order of magnitude: capillarity, stored-energy and pinning forces. All these forces could be modeled in a single framework by the level set method. The first numerical results demonstrate the capability of the method to simulate 2D Zener pinning.
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: The Role of Processing in the Fabrication and Optimization of Plastic Solar Cells (Adv. Mater. 14–15/2009) (2009)

Alan Heeger and co-workers report on page 1521 on the role of processing methodology in the fabrication and optimization of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) ‘plastic’ solar cells. Several techniques that have recently been used to optimize the BHJ nanomorphology are discussed and compared and some insights are given into the mechanisms behind these various techniques. The cover image depicts a multilayer solar cell ribbon along with the polymer, fullerene, and solvent additive, which were used to fabricate a low bandgap polymer solar cell with greater than 5% power conversion efficiency.
A new boundary element method formulation for the forward problem solution of electro-magnetic source imaging (2002)

Numerical solution of the potential and magnetic fields for a given electrical source distribution in the human brain is the essential part of electro-magnetic source imaging. In this study, the performance of Boundary Element Method (BEM) with different surface element types is explored. A new BEM formulation is derived that makes use of isoparametric linear and quadratic elements. It is shown that, quadratic elements provides superior performance over linear elements in terms of computation time and accuracy. For example, a maximum error of 1.8% is obtained using 2048 quadratic elements for a selected dipole location. Whereas, in order to obtain such an accuracy with linear elements, this number should be in the order of ten thousands. The developed surface integration tools and selected isoparametric quadratic element type can also be used to solve the magnetic field of the neural activity in the cerebral cortex.
Metabolic response to renal compensatory growth. (1979)

Forty-eight hours after unilateral nephrectomy in young male Sprague-Dawley rats the concentrations of free methionine, alanine and tyrosine in renal cortical tissue were increased by 15-65 percent while the corresponding plasma concentrations decreased by 23-35 percent. The renal cortical concentrations of valine and leucine increased by 41 percent and 26 percent while plasma concentrations remained unchanged. The cortical concentrations of ornithine, serine and threonine remained unchanged while the plasma concentration decreased by approximately one-third. The total free amino acid contained in the cortex was not changed, while total free amino acids in plasma decreased by 7 percent. These data are thought to reflect an increased uptake of methionine and tyrosine into renal cells during compensatory hypertrophy, and an increased incorporation into renal protein of serine, threonine and ornithine. All these changes as well as all other biochemical changes accompanying compensatory hypertrophy with the exception of an increase of the RNA/DNA ratio were prevented by starvation for 48 hours after unilateral nephrectomy.In young male Sprague-Dawley rats and adult male Charles River mice, the incorporation of (14)C-choline into acid-insoluble phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) was already accelerated 5 minutes after contralateral nephrectomy and further rose to +68 ± 7 percent within 20 minutes to 3 hours. Incorporation of (14)C-choline into phospholipids remained accelerated for two to three days and reflected increased rates of phospholipid synthesis rather than increased choline uptake. Three hours after unilateral nephrectomy in mice, incorporation of i.p. injected (14)C-choline into phospholipids was accelerated 25 percent. The rate of turnover of free labelled renal phospholipids was not accelerated during compensatory renal growth. The very early increase of choline incorporation into phospholipids after contralateral nephrectomy, therefore, appears to reflect an increased rate of synthesis of membrane material.
Recent development in heterogeneous metallocene catalysts (1995)

Abstract The synthetic methods of heterogeneous metallocene catalysts reported so far in academic journals are summarized together with their catalyst performance. Some of our new results in this field are also described in brief.
Accurate calculation and shaping of the voltage pulse waveform applied to a voltage-controlled magnetic random access memory cell (2018)

This paper presents procedures for calculating and shaping the voltage pulse waveform applied to a voltage-controlled magnetic random access memory (VC-MRAM) cell, which are indispensable experimental steps for studying the dynamic toggle switching of the VC-MRAM cell driven by the application of a high-speed voltage pulse. The calculation of the voltage waveform starts from the detailed characterization of each part of the pulse propagation path using a vector network analyzer. The obtained S-parameters are used to calculate the frequency response of the entire path. Next, the output waveform of the signal source is captured using a high-speed sampling oscilloscope, which is Fourier transformed, multiplied with the frequency response of the pulse propagation path, and inverse Fourier transformed to calculate the time domain voltage waveform applied to the device under test. We also present a procedure to shape the voltage waveform as desired by taking the reverse calculation process. The calculated and observed waveforms showed close agreement in both the waveform calculation and shaping.
Towards Realizing High-Throughput, Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing of Flexible Electronic Systems (2014)

High-rate roll-to-roll (R2R) tracker systems are utilized for large volume flexible electronic device manufacturing, and the current alignment mechanism between layers is mainly achieved by relying on passive techniques. In this paper, we present a machine vision based alignment strategy that is used to achieve precise registration for stacking multilayers. Based on this strategy, we demonstrate two-layer printing with alignment accuracy better than 100 μm in web moving direction and 200 μm in lateral direction at a web rate of 5 m/min.
Complex Sparse-Filled Mechanical Property Prediction Methods for Direct Digital Manufacturing (2013)

This paper describes how direct digital manufacturing mechanical properties can be analytically estimated for structural use and the associated analytical and test methods used in the design and fabrication of airframes manufactured using additive manufacturing. Complex shape structures, which are now possible using additive manufacturing, and their associated mechanical properties can be predicted in order to allow operationally safe and highly predictive structures to be fabricated. Direct digital manufacturing allows for much greater flexibility and control over the design of airframes, leading to more structurally efficient and capable airframes. These advantages are revealed by application of direct digital manufacturing methods on a series of fixed wing subsonic transport concept wind tunnel scale models that are carried out as a part of the NASA N+3 program, which is paving the way for next generation aircraft that are highly fuel efficient, low-noise, and low-emission. Verification of these methods through test shows excellent correlation that provides reliability in complex sparse filled additive manufacturing design. The outcome of this is a knowledge base, which can then be applied to a system in operation. The combined potential of a flexible manufacturing system and proven predictive analysis tools shorten development time and expand the opportunities for mass customization. These combined benefits enable industry to fabricate affordable highly optimized custom products while concurrently reducing the cycle times required to field new products.
3D Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Acquisition using a High-Performance Gradient System: A Scan Time and Image Quality Assessment (2023)

The maximum gradient amplitude (G max ) and slew rate (SR max ) determine the minimum number of interleaves (and total scan time) in a 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeling (3DpCASL) acquisition with a stack-of-spirals readout module for a given spatial resolution. The higher G max and SR max of a recently developed head-only gradient system (MAGNUS) was utilized to reduce the total scan time of a clinical 3DpCASL acquisition by a factor of 2 compared to a similar acquisition carried out at a lower G max and SR max of a conventional whole-body system (CWBS) while maintaining comparable image quality.
The Development of Referential Meaning in Music (1992)

We explored the development of children's ability to relate musical forms to extramusical concepts. In Experiment 1, we presented four excerpts from Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf and asked 4-and 6-yearold children to match each excerpt to a picture of a wolf, bird, cat, or duck (four-alternative forced choice). Children matched appropriate animal pictures to musical excerpts significantly better than chance but identified the wolf and bird more readily than the cat and duck excerpts. In Experiment 2, 3-year-olds participated in a simplified version of the task (two-alternative forced choice). The order of difficulty of matching the various music-animal pairs was comparable across all age groups. In Experiment 3, we replicated Experiment 1 with less familiar music, specifically Saint Saen's Carnival of the Animals. Again, performance was above chance, increasing the likelihood that children's success in Experiments 1 and 2 was not attributable to previous exposure to the music. We discuss the results in relation to theories of musical meaning.
Compressive Sensing for Loss-Resilient Hybrid Wireless Video Transmission (2015)

The quality of wireless video delivery is susceptible to wireless channel instability, including channel fading, interference, noise, and packet loss. To improve the video quality in such wireless channels, analog transmission schemes have been proposed recently. However, the existing analog schemes have two drawbacks in high energy of video signals and loss resilience. To overcome the issues, we propose a new hybrid digital-analog transmission scheme, which jointly uses digital coding and analog coding based on compressive sensing. Digital coding generates the residual signals between the original and the encoded signals to decrease the energy of data for analog coding. Compressive sensing redistributes the energy across whole video packets to increase the resistance to packet loss. We show that our proposed hybrid scheme improves video quality by up to 11.6 dB compared to the existing analog scheme in an erasure wireless channel. In addition, our proposed scheme also improves video quality by 1.5 dB compared to the existing hybrid scheme.
Publisher Correction: Enhanced generation and anisotropic Coulomb scattering of hot electrons in an ultra-broadband plasmonic nanopatch metasurface (2017)

The originally published version of this Article contained an error in Equation 1. The two ℏ terms were missing from this equation. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.