gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gaining biomarker insights from existing stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patient cohorts in the United Kingdom: Using real-world data to guide treatment decisions. (2017)

614 Background: Trial data, while valuable, does not reflect the importance of a biomarker or treatment in the general population as trials generally exclude patients (pts) due to age or comorbidities. We used merged large population datasets to validate a linked anonymized stage II CRC pt cohort as representative of the population to identify the prognostic and predictive value of deficient mismatch repair (MMR) and a new biomarker Ga-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV). Methods: English national data on stage II CRC pts surgically treated from 2001-2015, n = 92,147, were analyzed for survival and clinicopathological parameters. Anonymized data were then linked to pathology and a subset of 405 unselected pts surgically treated from 1990-2003 at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. These were investigated for 5 antibodies. 4 identified deficient MMR status and one was a new marker; GIV. Results: Population data vs the cohort of 405 pts showed a median age of 73 vs 74 yrs, M:F 55%:45% vs. 53%:47%. These are older than seen in most clinical trials and more reflective of the general stage II CRC population. The median survivals of 108 vs 92 months are as expected based on relative time periods covered. 374 patients yielded valid MMR status on immunohistochemistry (92%); 17% were dMMR and 83% were proficient. dMMR vs pMMR pts did not differ in age (median age 75 vs 74.5) or distribution of T3 (69% vs 66%), but were more likely to be female (71% vs 42%), sited in the right colon (76% vs 30%) and poorly differentiated (42% vs 8%). 11% of dMMR and 8% of pMMR received adjuvant chemotherapy in this cohort. GIV scoring status was also evaluated (405): 30% (121) were negative, 65% (264) positive and 5% (20) were not scored. Survival and risk scores by MMR and GIV status will be presented. Conclusions: Population based data has been created to validate the representativeness of a stage II biomarker cohort. This approach using large, population based data-sets provides opportunities to understand the generalizability of biomarker cohorts. The creation and expansion of such cohorts will more effectively validate existing and new biomarkers and treatments in real-world populations.
Organic nanoparticle systems for spatiotemporal control of multimodal chemotherapy (2016)

Chemotherapeutic drugs are used in combination to target multiple mechanisms involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation. Carriers are developed to deliver drug combinations to common target tissues in optimal ratios and desirable sequences. Nanoparticles (NP) have been a popular choice for this purpose due to their ability to increase the circulation half-life and tumor accumulation of a drug. Areas covered: We review organic NP carriers based on polymers, proteins, peptides, and lipids for simultaneous delivery of multiple anticancer drugs, drug/sensitizer combinations, drug/photodynamic therapy or drug/photothermal therapy combinations, and drug/gene therapeutics with examples in the past three years. Sequential delivery of drug combinations, based on either sequential administration or built-in release control, is introduced with an emphasis on the mechanistic understanding of such control. Expert opinion: Recent studies demonstrate how a drug carrier can contribute to co-localizing drug combinations in optimal ratios and dosing sequences to maximize the synergistic effects. We identify several areas for improvement in future research, including the choice of drug combinations, circulation stability of carriers, spatiotemporal control of drug release, and the evaluation and clinical translation of combination delivery.
Quantization and jitter requirements in multimode mobile terminals (2002)

In mobile communications, there exists increasing demand to develop small sized mobile terminals with the ability to operate more flexibly in different systems. In this paper, we examine the requirements for wideband bandpass sampling, which is seen as an important tool together with multirate signal processing, in implementing more flexible devices. We consider the case, where sampling is done straight away at a high IF frequency. It is shown how the requirements for quantization and jitter noise depend in the GSM case on the bandwidth and filter type of the analog front-end, as well as on the sampling rate.
Advances in tissue engineering (2015)

Nearly 30 years ago, we reported on a concept now known as Tissue Engineering. Here, we report on some of the advances in this now thriving area of research. In particular, significant advances in tissue engineering of skin, liver, spinal cord, blood vessels, and other areas are discussed.
Visualization For Train Management : Improving Overviews in Safety-critical Control Room Environments (2018)

Control centers for safety-critical infrastructures such as train systems rely on proven, time-tested visualizations to support the decision-making process of the operators. These systems are facing new challenges nowadays as traffic has increased. We describe an incremental visualization design process to adapt Train Management Systems to new tasks, while carefully building on existing techniques to ensure a continuous work environment for operators without or little additional training. The main focus of this work-in-progress is to provide additional contextual information to operators unobtrusively and to incorporate multi-perspective prediction models helping operators to make informed decisions efficiently.
L-carnosine inhibits high-glucose-mediated matrix accumulation in human mesangial cells by interfering with TGF- production and signalling (2011)

L-carnosine can modulate matrix accumulation in two ways. Firstly, inhibition of TGF-β production might result in an overall inhibition of matrix accumulation and secondly, L-carnosine inhibits TGF-β-induced matrix accumulation, most likely via inhibition of the ALK5 pathway.
EXCESS LOW FREQUENCY NOISE IN SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBE (2006)

Low frequency noise measurements have been performed on a single-wall carbon nanotube connected by Ti/Au electrodes. It has been found that the 1/f noise decreases when the measurements are undertaken under vacuum and when the nanotube is partially degassed, showing a correlation between the fluctuation inducing the 1/f noise and the presence of gases. We show that the 1/f noise sources are located at the metal/nanotube contacts. When the device is annealed under vacuum at 450K, some Lorentzian shapes are observable and can be related to nanotube defects or to strongly bound molecules.
Relative particle yield fluctuations in $$\text{ Pb--Pb }$$ Pb--Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{{NN}}} =2.76\hbox { TeV}$$ s NN = 2.76 TeV (2019)

First results on K/ , p/ and K/p fluctuations are obtained with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC as a function of centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV. The observable dyn , which is defined in terms of the moments of particle multiplicity distributions, is used to quantify the magnitude of dynamical fluctuations of relative particle yields and also provides insight into the correlation between particle pairs. This study is based on a novel experimental technique, called the Identity Method, which allows one to measure the moments of multiplicity distributions in case of incomplete particle identification. The results for p/ show a change of sign in dyn from positive to negative towards more peripheral collisions. For central collisions, the results follow the smooth trend of the data at lower energies and dyn exhibits a change in sign for p/ and K/p.
Monolithic Source of Entangled Photons with Integrated Pump Rejection (2018)

We demonstrate a photon pair source with pump rejection filter on a single CMOS chip. Cascaded microring-based filters exhibit > 95 dB pump extinction, providing a raw visibility in time-energy entanglement of 81.4% ± 2.3%.
Synthesis of C-Glycosides; Stable Mimics ofO-Glycosidic Linkages (2020)

The chemical synthesis of C-glycoside analogs ofO-glycosides is reviewed with an emphasis on compounds that can serve to alter biological processes. Strategies for the synthesis of C-glycosides are broken down into four main catagories: nucleophilic addition to anomeric carbenium ions and lactones, reactions of glycosyl anions with electrophiles, reactions of glycosyl radicals and transition metal mediated couplings. The physical properties of C-glycosides are also discussed and compared toO-glycosides. Finally the use of C-glycosides to inhibit enzymes such as glycosyl transferases, glycosidases, phosphorylases and their interactions with receptors with an emphasis on cell adhesion is addressed.
Design, Synthesis and Cancer Cell Line Activities of Pyrazolo[3,4-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;]pyridine Derivatives (2012)

Starting from 4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-(1H)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile 1 and 3-aminopyrazolopyridine 4, a series of cyanopyri- dine derivatives 3a-i, Schiff bases 5a-f, urea and thiourea derivatives 6a-b, amide derivatives 7a-h, pyridopyra- zolopy-rimidine 8a-b and pyridopyrazolotriazine 10a-b were synthesized. Activities of eleven representative compounds were evaluated against A-549 (lung), HEPG2 (liver) and HCT-116 (colon) cancer cell lines. The findings revealed that some of the synthesized compounds showed remarkable anticancer activities, especially 8b which displayed the highest activity among the tested compounds with IC50 equal to 2.9, 2.6 and 2.3 µmol. In addition to synthesis and biological activities, we present discussion about the rationale of the design and activity of the potent compound 8b using struc- ture-based modeling tools.
Immunoregulatory Cells And Mediators In Murine Bone Marrow (1990)

This thesis defines distinct immunoregulatory mechanisms which naturally exist in murine bone marrow (BM). Physical separation of BM cells revealed two immunoregulatory cell populations: a suppressor activity present in a fraction of large, low density BM cells predominantly of myeloid and blast cell morphology; and an enhancing activity contained in a fraction of small, high density BM cells enriched for lymphocytes. Both activities are associated with the production of soluble mediators which possess analogous function to the immunoregulatory cells.;The population of cells responsible for immune suppression have been referred to as Natural Suppressor (NS) cells. NS cells are unique in that they are not antigen- or MHC-restricted, and do not require specific priming to function. They suppress a variety of immune responses, including antibody (Ab), mitogen, and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) responses. NS cells were routinely found in the BM of normal as well as severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice, and expressed no surface markers characteristic of B, T, M{dollar}\\emptyset{dollar}, and NK/LAK cells. The culture of BM cells in IL-2 containing supernatants resulted in the generation of cells possessing potent NS as well as Natural Killer (NK) activity, suggesting that both NS and NK may be associated with a common family of cells.;Bone marrow cells secrete two soluble mediators which act in an analogous fashion to the suppressive and enhancing activities present in murine BM. These are bone marrow derived suppressor factor (BDSF) and bone marrow derived enhancing factor (BDEF). BDSF is contained in a low MW (1-10 kDa) fraction of BM culture supernatant which suppresses Ab and MLR, but not mitogen-driven responses. BDSF prevents production of IL-2 in the MLR, and BDSF-suppressed MLR responses can be reconstituted by the addition of exogenous IL-2. Therefore it is proposed that absence of IL-2 production due to BDSF results in clonal anergy or non-responsiveness.;BDEF ({dollar}&gt;{dollar} 10 kDa) augments Ab and MLR responses, but cannot synergize with mitogen to induce proliferation. BDEF is directly mitogenic for murine thymocytes, specifically those which do not express the receptor for the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA{dollar}\\sp-{dollar}) and most resemble mature T-cells. The ability of BDEF to induce T-cell proliferation may be intimately associated with augmentation of both humoral and cellular responses.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of the p‐Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl Group as an Orthogonal Amine Protecting Group in the Synthesis of β‐GlcNAc Terminating Glycosides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Indirect Electroreduction of Imines and Diimines Using a Sacrificial Sulfur-Graphite Electrode (2006)

Indirect electroreductions of 4-methyl-4-trichloromethyl-p-quinone-(1)-arylimines using a sacrificial sulfur-graphite electrode (S-C electrode) caused the elimination of a trichloromethyl group to give the corresponding N-tolylarylamines, whose yields increased largely with an increase in temperature and by the addition of benzoic acid as a proton donor. Similarly, diimines with two trichloromethyl groups underwent the elimination of two trichloromethyl groups. The above indirect electroreduction using the S-C electrode was undertaken at the low cathodic overpotential, and gave high product yields compared with the direct electroreduction.
Real-Time Retrieval for Images of Documents in Various Languages Using a Web Camera (2009)

We propose a real-time retrieval method for document images in various languages. In this method, queries are images of documents captured by a web-camera. The document images corresponding to the queries are retrieved from the document image database in real time. Since we have already proposed a document image retrieval method for English documents, the proposed method is an extension for retrieval of documents in various languages. In the previous English document image retrieval method, only centroids of word regions are used as feature points. Therefore it cannot be applied to some languages including Japanese and Chinese due to no separation between words and periodic arrangements of characters. In the proposed method, additional features are introduced to realize real-time retrieval for document images in various languages.
(E)-2-({2-[(E)-(Hydroxyimino)methyl]phenoxy}methyl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile (2012)

In the title compound, C17H14N2O2, the hy­droxy­ethanimine group adopts an anti­periplanar conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains running along the c axis.
A phase 1a / 1b first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation, safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of oral TP-0903, a potent inhibitor of AXL kinase, administered daily for 21 days to patients with advanced solid tumors. (2018)

TPS2612 Background: AXL kinase has emerged as a key regulator of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that enables cancer cells to develop migratory and invasive properties and acquire resistance to chemotherapeutics and targeted agents. AXL kinase is also known to serve to dampen the immune response to dying tumor cells. By activating EMT, AXL signaling allows cancer cells to engulf neighboring cancer cells undergoing apoptosis, reducing presentation of pro-inflammatory stimuli to the immune system. Consequently, the inhibition of AXL by TP-0903 may potentially reduce cancer cell metastasis, target cancer cells that demonstrate immunity to chemotherapeutics and activate the anti-cancer immune response. Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors that are refractory or intolerant to established therapy have been enrolled in a standard 3+3 dose escalation trial of TP-0903 given orally once daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. Cohort dose levels 1 through 5 have been completed without DLT, enrollment into cohort 6 began January 2018. The primary objective is to determine the MTD and DLTs; secondary objectives are PK, radiographic response, PD activity (e.g. GAS6/AXL and other EMT markers), biological activity and RP2D. Key eligibility criteria include age ≥ 18 years, ECOG ≤1, adequate organ function, life expectancy of > 3 mos. Once the MTD has been reached, the study will be expanded into 5 cohorts of 20 patients each: 1) Patients on immunotherapy who demonstrate progression but are clinically stable, 2) EGFR + NSCLC having progressed on ≤ 2 lines of TKIs, 3) BRAF, KRAS or NRAS mutated CRC with no standard therapy remaining, 4) Platinum refractory/resistant ovarian, 5) BRAF mutated melanoma that hasn’t responded to immunotherapy or combination BFAF/MEK inhibitor. Patients will be biopsied in each cohort to explore changes to the EMT phenotype. Clinical trial information: NCT02729298.
Driving-force effects on the rates of bimolecular electron-transfer reactions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDriving-force effects on the rates of bimolecular electron-transfer reactionsT. Mark McCleskey, Jay R. Winkler, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 17, 6935–6937Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00043a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00043a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Data from IL6 Fuels Durable Memory for Th17 Cell–Mediated Responses to Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;These data support mechanisms of antitumor efficacy elicited by briefly expanded Th17 cells, including the contribution of host cells and cytokines to immunity, resident memory qualities of persisting Th17 cells, and the impact of IL-6 blockade on systemic cytokine release.&lt;/p&gt;
Improved activity of a synthetic indolicidin analog (1997)

A novel cationic peptide, CP-11, based on the structure of the bovine neutrophil peptide indolicidin, was designed to increase the number of positively charged residues, maintain the short length (13 amino acids), and enhance the amphipathicity relative to those of indolicidin. CP-11, and especially its carboxymethylated derivative, CP-11C, demonstrated improved activity against gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans, while it maintained the activity of indolicidin against staphylococci and demonstrated a reduced ability to lyse erythrocytes. In Escherichia coli, CP-11 was better able than indolicidin to permeabilize both the outer membrane, as indicated by the enhancement of uptake of 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine, and the inner membrane, as determined by the unmasking of cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase, providing an explanation for its improved activity.
High-Rejection RF Code Domain Receivers for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive Applications (2020)

Code-domain signal processing techniques implemented at radio frequencies (RFs) enable simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) applications. With direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques and RF correlators, transmit (TX) self-interference (SI) is separated from the receive (RX) signal at the antenna interface for STAR. The processing gain inherent in the code-domain approach increases the TX SI rejection in the RF domain to relax filtering and linearity requirements of the RX. A code-domain RX demonstrates 52 dB of TX SI rejection with TX code-notch and RX code-pass filters operating at the same center frequency. The RX is tunable from 0.25 to 1.25 GHz and has a gain of 39 dB at 1 GHz while consuming 90 mW of which 40 mW are consumed in the front-end filters. The RX is implemented in a 45-nm CMOS SOI process and full-duplex operation is verified through an over-the-air demonstration.
Optimization of biomass and target protein yield for Phase III clinical trial to evaluate Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 expressed in lettuce chloroplasts to reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and transmission (2022)

Supinfo Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Complexity-Based Hierarchy for Multiprocessor Synchronization (2016)

For many years, Herlihy's elegant computability based Consensus Hierarchy has been our best explanation of the relative power of various types of multiprocessor synchronization objects when used in deterministic algorithms. However, key to this hierarchy is treating synchronization instructions as distinct objects, an approach that is far from the real-world, where multiprocessor programs apply synchronization instructions to collections of arbitrary memory locations. We were surprised to realize that, when considering instructions applied to memory locations, the computability based hierarchy collapses. This leaves open the question of how to better capture the power of various synchronization instructions. In this paper, we provide an approach to answering this question. We present a hierarchy of synchronization instructions, classified by their space complexity in solving obstruction-free consensus. Our hierarchy provides a classification of combinations of known instructions that seems to fit with our intuition of how useful some are in practice, while questioning the effectiveness of others. We prove an essentially tight characterization of the power of buffered read and write instructions.Interestingly, we show a similar result for multi-location atomic assignments.
Formation of Slit-Like Voids at Trench Corners of Damascene Cu Interconnects (2002)

Stress voiding was investigated in damascene Cu lines embedded in Ta/TaN/SiO2/Si. Microstructure was observed before and after heat treatment at 723 K using a focused ion beam (FIB) technique. The distribution of thermal stress was calculated using a three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). FIB observation revealed that slit-like voids were formed at trench shoulders both before and after heat treatment. FEM calculation indicated that a large shear stress concentration occurred at the voided sites. The coincidence between the FIB observation and the FEM calculation suggests that the slit-like voids were formed by shear-mode delamination of Cu from the Ta/TaN barrier layer.