gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in random number generator using voltage pulse-induced switching of nano-magnet: A perspective (2021)

Voltage pulse-driven switching of nano-magnets has gained distinct attention because of its high-speed writing with ultralow power consumption. One of the key advantages is that the external voltage applied to a nano-magnet reduces the magnetic anisotropy energy and excites a precessional motion of magnetization. By adjusting the duration and amplitude of the voltage pulse, a switching probability close to 50% can be attained, suggesting that the magnetic state of nano-magnets can be used as a source for generating binary random numbers (RNs) in principle. Because the bi-directional switching of nano-magnets is induced by unipolar voltage pulses, which is essentially different from the case of spin transfer torque (STT) switching, the results are a mixture of two switching polarities: from parallel (“0” state) to antiparallel (“1” state) and vice versa. Here, we focus our attention on the appearance probabilities of four cases, “00,” “01,” “10,” and “11,” all of which change linearly as functions of voltage. By tuning the probabilities of “00” or “11” to 25%, well-balanced RNs can be generated. A clear advantage of the voltage-pulse driven random number generator (RNG) over the conventional STT-driven one is lower consumption, which enables integration and heavily parallel operations of a large number of RNGs.
In-Situ Shrinkage Sensor for Injection Molding (2010)

Dimensional consistency is a critical attribute for injection molded part quality and is highly dependent on the polymer morphology, the thermal expansion, and various processing parameters. The dimensional shrinkage can be estimated by knowing the pressure-volume-temperature behavior of the polymer but with limited accuracy. There are various process monitoring systems available in the market; none of which has the capability of directly monitoring and controlling the real time shrinkage and part dimensions online. With a view to measuring in-mold shrinkage, a button cell type in-mold shrinkage sensor was developed, validated, and compared against the traditional shrinkage prediction and estimation methods. The shrinkage sensor consists of an elastic diaphragm instrumented with strain gages connected in a full bridge circuit. The sensor is placed beneath the movable pin that is protruded into the mold cavity and remains in contact with the sensor diaphragm. The sensor diaphragm is deflected due to the melt pressure acting on the pin into the mold cavity and is retracted back toward its original position as the melt solidifies and shrinks away from the mold cavity wall. The sensor signals acquired during each molding cycle were analyzed to validate the sensor performance in a design of experiments as a function of packing pressure, melt temperature, cooling time, and coolant temperature. The regression results indicate that the shrinkage sensor outperforms cavity pressure transducers and other methods of predicting the in-mold shrinkage. For polypropylene, the shrinkage sensor is able to measure the shrinkage to an average accuracy of 0.01 mm for a molded part with a nominal thickness of 2.5 mm. The coefficient of correlation, R2, between the sensor’s final positions to the final part thickness was 0.921 for the in-mold shrinkage sensor. Other dimension prediction methods had lower correlation coefficients.
Measurement of the Viability of Cells Compressed by Two Parallel Plates. (1999)

A new method is proposed to measure the viability of round cells compressed by two parallel plates which simulate ice crystals during freezing of cell suspension. The viability of prostate cancer cells (cell line ND-1, 20 μm in mean diameter) is evaluated at about 23°C with trypan blue dye exclusion assay. While most of the cells survive deformation in a gap of 11.4 μm, about half of the cells are destroyed when the gap size is reduced to 5.9 μm, i.e. 30% of its original diameter. If uniform expansion of cell membrane is assumed, this corresponds to 50% increase in the cell membrane surface area.
Catalytic Reduction in Organic Synthesis, Vols. 1 and 2. Science of Synthesis, Workbench Edition Edited by J. G. de Vries. (2019)

Thieme, 2018. 992 pp., softcover, € 449.00.—ISBN 9783132421486
ChemInform Abstract: OLEFIN METATHESIS‐TRANSANNULAR ENE SEQUENCE. A METHOD FOR THE STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF TRANS‐DECALIN DERIVATIVES. 1. TOTAL SYNTHESIS O (.+‐.)‐CALAMEON (1980)

Abstract Cyclobuten‐1‐carbonsäureester (I) reagiert mit 3‐Methyl‐cyclohexenon (II) zu einem Addukt (III), das sich thermisch zu (IV) umlagert.
Advanced Modelling and Imaging for Seismic Acquisition - A GOM Deepwater Subsalt Example (2013)

We developed a workflow for advanced seismic acquisition design. Visibility analyses, wave-equation modeling, RTM imaging and critical reflection illuminations are used to understand the causes of poorer images beneath the salt in the deepwater of Gulf of Mexico. Results indicate that the poorly imaged subsalt target horizons are partly because of the limited maximum offset (4 to 7 km) in acquisition and processing, and partly because of the critical angle reflections at the base of the salt. For the former, one can increase the cable length in acquisition. However, if critical reflection becomes a problem, it is impossible to improve imaging using surface seismic, no matter how long the cable is used. The advanced modeling and imaging can be used not only for seismic acquisition design, but also for subsalt structural interpretation.
Relevance of the viral Spike protein/cellular Estrogen Receptor-α interaction for endothelial-based coagulopathy induced by SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

Abstract Severe coagulopathy has been observed at the level of the microcirculation in several organs including lungs, heart and kidneys in patients with COVID-19, and in a minority of subjects receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Various mechanisms have been implicated in these effects, including increases in circulating neutrophil extracellular traps, excessive inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Even if a correlation between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and upregulation of coagulation cascade components has been established in the lung, no direct proofs have been yet provided about the transcriptional machinery controlling the expression of these factors. Recent results obtained by us reported a novel transcriptional function of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) viral protein involving a direct protein-protein interaction with the human Estrogen Receptor-α (ERα). Given the implications of ERα in the control of key effectors in the coagulation cascade, we hypothesized that S-protein might increase the pro-coagulation activity of endothelial cells via the transcriptional activity of the ERα, thus justifying the enhanced risk of thrombosis. To assess this, we tested the effects of S-protein on the expression of Tissue Factor (TF) and the overall procoagulation activity in a human endothelial cell line and confirmed this finding by overexpressing S-protein by gene transfer in mice. We then designed and tested two-point mutations in the S2 S-protein sequence that abolished the pro-coagulation function of S-protein in vitro and in vivo , without compromising its immunogenicity. In addition to reveal a new potential transcriptional function of S-protein, these results inspire the design of new vaccines with lower risk of thrombogenesis. Indeed, while the benefit/risk ratio remains overwhelming in favor of COVID-19 vaccination, our results shed light on the causal mechanisms of some rare anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine adverse events, and are thus essential for current and future vaccination and booster campaigns.
Selection of methods predicting fetal weight using ultrasonography (1999)

Objective The neural network and regression methods were used to compare the accuracy of 
predicting fetal weight. Methods Of a total of 390 cases, ultrasonographic parameters as BPD, 
HD, ThD, AD, FL, LL, STT and SCT were measured at 72 hour before delivery. Among them, 250 
cases utilized training neural network systems and establish a series of regression formulae 
for fetal weight prediction. In the other 140 cases, fetal weights were by neural network, 
regression equation and the traditional method for comparison of accuracy. Results The 6 
variable neural network has the highest coincide rate, 88.6%, with a relative error of 0.8±5.2%. 
The regression methods have a little lower coincident rate. Among them, the 6 variable 
regression equation has a coincident rate of 85.7%, and the 2 variable has a rate of 83.6%. AD, 
FL and BPD are useful variables which affect the accuracy in the fetal weight prediction. 
Conclusions 1. The neural network is a new method to predict fetal body weight with high 
accuracy. The regression equations, with their ease of use and preciseness, are still the 
mainstay of predicting fetal body weight as well. 2. AD, FL and BPD are important parameters in 
predicting fetal weight. 3. It is necessary to use different method in predicting different fetal 
weight, such as over weight and under weight.
Nitroaromatics Are Substrates for the TOL Plasmid Upper-Pathway Enzymes (1992)

Expression of the xylMA genes encoding for toluene monoxygenase from the lactose promoter in a broad-host-range plasmid allows the oxidation of toluene and m- and p-nitrotoluene to their corresponding benzyl alcohols and benzaldehydes in Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli. Benzyl alcohols accumulate until reaching a concentration of about 80 muM, while benzaldehydes accumulate steadily with time for at least 24 h. TOL-encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase recognize m- and p-nitro-substituted compounds as substrates. In contrast, the XylR protein, which regulates the TOL plasmid-encoded upper-pathway operon, does not recognize nitro-substituted toluenes as effectors.
Carbon nitride vs. graphene – now in 2D! (2014)

By the end of 2014, the number of mobile phone subscriptions will outnumber the number of people on earth [1], and in each of these devices, silicon has been processed into thin, semiconducting layers. Refinement of silicon requires substantial amounts of energy. Hence, alternative semiconductors are required that might be produced in less energy-intensive ways, and which do not require critical raw materials (CRMs) or complicated post-synthetic modifications to tune electronic properties, such as the electronic bandgap. Ever since its discovery, graphene has been considered as a candidate material for ‘‘post-silicon electronics’’ because of its exciting combination of high electrical and thermal conductivity, and stability [2–7]. However, the (semi-)metallic character of graphene and the absence of an electronic band
Comparison between early surgical treatment and conservative treatment of appendicitis in cancer patients (2021)

Early surgical treatment yielded a significantly higher success rate than conservative treatment for appendicitis in cancer patients. Surgery for appendicitis in cancer patients should be considered not only for treatment but also for pathologic confirmation.
Impact of sacrificial layer type on thin-film metal residual stress (2009)

In this paper we study the impact of two sacrificial layers on the final residual stress of thin gold films. In particular, we compare a typical photoresist layer (Shipley SC1827) to single-crystalline silicon. We fabricate and measure cantilever beams on both sacrificial layers and study their residual stresses by analyzing the final displacement profile of the released beams. All samples were fabricated at the same time and under identical conditions. The study clearly shows that the induced stress on thin films is dependent on the sacrificial layer. The gold film deposited over the single-crystalline silicon shows nearly zero gradient stress after release. On the other hand, gradient stress dominates the gold film deposited during the same run but over a photoresist layer. Such results are very useful in designing and fabricating a wide variety of low-stress actuators and sensors.
Empirical study on 5G NR Adjacent Channel Coexistence (2023)

5G New Radio (NR) non-public network deployments for industrial and enterprise applications are becoming highly popular in locally licensed and/or operator spectrum. The interference from coexisting networks on adjacent channels (in same or adjacent spectrum bands) could potentially deteriorate the performance characteristics in certain deployment scenarios. Appropriate interference mitigation is thus required to achieve the desired performance levels. In this paper, we present our detailed empirical results on the performance impact of coexisting 5G NR networks operating on adjacent channels. Our experimental study conducted on an industrial shopfloor reports the impact on the downlink and uplink latency and throughput when using the same and different Time Division Duplexing patterns for coexisting networks. Our empirical evaluation includes realistic user equipment deployment locations and traffic load conditions. We also present our results on different mitigation techniques to counter the adjacent channel interference effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Cavity‐Containing Materials Based Upon Resorcin[4]arenes by Discovery and Design (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of multiaxial warp knit composites (1991)

The objectives were to characterize the mechanical behavior and damage tolerance of two multiaxial warp knit fabrics to determine the acceptability of these fabrics for high performance composite applications. The tests performed included compression, tension, open hole compression, compression after impact and compression-compression fatigue. Tests were performed on as-fabricated fabrics and on multi-layer fabrics that were stitched together with either carbon or Kevlar stitching yarn. Results of processing studies for vacuum impregnation with Hercules 3501-6 epoxy resin and pressure impregnation with Dow Tactix 138/H41 epoxy resin and British Petroleum BP E905L epoxy resin are presented.
Improving the accuracy of surface metrology (2011)

There is a constant search for a more accurate measurement, which generally leads to higher cost, greater complexity, or devices that do not lend themselves to manufacturing environments. We present a method of using statistical sampling to improve metrological accuracy without these undesirable effects. For metrology of flat surfaces and steps between flat surfaces, this method demonstrated precision improvement up to a factor of 55, and accuracy increase of at least a factor of 10. The corresponding precision and accuracy improvements on a spherical surface were both factors of 8. Since this accuracy improvement can be implemented in software, it does not affect the speed of measurement or the complexity of the hardware, and it can be used to improve the accuracy of a wide range of metrology systems.
Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts infectivity and fusogenicity (2022)

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant emerged in 2021<sup>1</sup> and has multiple mutations in its spike protein<sup>2</sup>. Here we show that the spike protein of Omicron has a higher affinity for ACE2 compared with Delta, and a marked change in its antigenicity increases Omicron's evasion of therapeutic monoclonal and vaccine-elicited polyclonal neutralizing antibodies after two doses. mRNA vaccination as a third vaccine dose rescues and broadens neutralization. Importantly, the antiviral drugs remdesivir and molnupiravir retain efficacy against Omicron BA.1. Replication was similar for Omicron and Delta virus isolates in human nasal epithelial cultures. However, in lung cells and gut cells, Omicron demonstrated lower replication. Omicron spike protein was less efficiently cleaved compared with Delta. The differences in replication were mapped to the entry efficiency of the virus on the basis of spike-pseudotyped virus assays. The defect in entry of Omicron pseudotyped virus to specific cell types effectively correlated with higher cellular RNA expression of TMPRSS2, and deletion of TMPRSS2 affected Delta entry to a greater extent than Omicron. Furthermore, drug inhibitors targeting specific entry pathways<sup>3</sup> demonstrated that the Omicron spike inefficiently uses the cellular protease TMPRSS2, which promotes cell entry through plasma membrane fusion, with greater dependency on cell entry through the endocytic pathway. Consistent with suboptimal S1/S2 cleavage and inability to use TMPRSS2, syncytium formation by the Omicron spike was substantially impaired compared with the Delta spike. The less efficient spike cleavage of Omicron at S1/S2 is associated with a shift in cellular tropism away from TMPRSS2-expressing cells, with implications for altered pathogenesis.
Virulência de fungos entomopatogênicos a ninfas de Bemisia tabaci biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). (2012)

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a virulencia de 14 isolados dos fungos Beauveria bassiana senso latu, Isaria fumosorosea e Lecanicillium spp. sobre ninfas de segundo instar de Bemisia tabaci biotipo B em folhas de feijoeiro (cv. Perola) sob condicoes de laboratorio (26°C, UR>80%, 14 h luz) e, em seguida, determinou-se a capacidade desses isolados em produzir inoculo sobre cadaveres do inseto.
A protocol class for stealing residual bandwidth in uncoordinated distributed wireless networks (2010)

The need for finding effective means of recycling spectrum is becoming increasingly apparent as the world becomes more crowded with wireless devices. While finding a policy solution to this problem will require years, "cognitive radio" is an immediately applicable technology-based solution. Our attention is focused on how a distributed uncoordinated cognitive group of "secondary" users (those with lower priority access to the spectrum) can push data through its network on a single band and in the presence of non-cognitive "primary" users (those with priority access to the spectrum). The main contribution is a novel class of cognitive radio protocols that accomplish this through feedback, where secondaries estimate residual bandwidth and adapt a performance-based parameter. This class of solutions is presented, its parameters are explored and a specific implementation is demonstrated with insights gained.
Experimental infection of newly weaned pigs with human and porcine strains of Serpulina pilosicoli (1996)

Cultures of Serpulina pilosicoli 95/1000, isolated from a pig with porcine intestinal spirochetosis (PIS), and S. pilosicoli WesB, isolated from an Aboriginal child with diarrhea, were used to infect 5-week-old newly weaned pigs. Four of 12 pigs infected with strain 95/1000 and 2 of 12 pigs infected with strain WesB became colonized and developed watery, mucoid diarrhea within 2 to 11 days postinfection. Affected pigs all had moderate subacute mucosal colitis, with gross and histological changes similar to those previously reported in both natural and experimentally induced cases of PIS. Silver-stained histological sections of the colon and cecum from affected pigs demonstrated spirochetes within dilated intestinal crypts, where they were associated with neutrophilic exocytosis and mucus secretion. Sections from one pig infected with strain 95/1000 showed large numbers of spirochetes attached by one end to the colonic epithelium, a feature consistent with PIS. This study confirms the role of S. pilosicoli in the etiology of PIS and provides evidence that S. pilosicoli strains of human origin have pathogenic potential in an animal model.
Why Ubiquitin Has Not Evolved (2017)

Ubiquitin, discovered less than 50 years ago, tags thousands of diseased proteins for destruction. It is small (only 76 amino acids), and is found unchanged in mammals, birds, fish, and even worms, indicating that ubiquitin is perfect. Key features of its functionality are identified here using critical point thermodynamic scaling theory. These include synchronized pivots and hinges, a stabilizing central pivot, and Fano interference between first- and second-order elements of correlated long-range (allosteric) globular surface shape transitions. Comparison with its closest relative, 76 amino acid Nedd8, shows that the latter lacks all these features. A cracked elastic network model is proposed for the common target shared by many diseased proteins.
Wavefront corrector requirements for compensation of ocular aberrations in two large populations of normal human eyes (2006)

Numerous types of wavefront correctors have been employed in adaptive optics (AO) systems for correcting the wave aberrations of the eye. While each has been shown to reduce the degrading impact of the ocular aberrations, none have shown sufficient correction to yield diffraction-limited imaging for large pupils (&ge;6 mm), where the aberrations are most severe and the benefit of AO is largest. As the wavefront corrector appears to be the limiting AO component, it raises a fundamental concern as to what characteristics of this device, in particular actuator stroke and number, are required to achieve diffraction-limited imaging, and to optimally match corrector performance and cost to that required of a particular imaging task in the eye. In this paper, we model the performance of discrete actuator deformable mirrors, piston-only segmented mirrors, and piston/tip/tilt segmented mirrors in conjunction with wavefront aberrations measured on human eyes in two large population datasets (University of Rochester and Indiana University). The actuator stroke and number required to achieve diffraction-limited imaging for a 7.5 mm pupil were found to be highly dependent on the level of 2<sup>nd</sup> order aberrations and the population considered. Specifically, the required stroke for encompassing 95% of the population ranged from 12-53 (Rochester) and 7-11 (Indiana) microns. The wide range resulted from whether 2<sup>nd</sup> order aberrations were corrected or set to zero prior to correction. To achieve a Strehl > 0.8, the actuator number across the pupil diameter ranged from >14 (Rochester) and 11-14 (Indiana) for discrete actuator deformable mirrors, >95 (Rochester) and 50-90 (Indiana) for piston-only segmented mirrors, and finally 12-19 (Rochester) and 9-10 (Indiana) for piston/tip/tilt segmented mirrors.
Sol-Gel Elaboration and Optical Features of Eu<sup>3+</sup>-Doped CdS Nanocrystals in SiO<sub>2</sub> (2007)

In this work, Eu3+-doped CdS nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix were synthesised by a sol-gel method since this method confers a great chemical homogeneity, and allows in-situ generation and controlled growth of CdS nanocrystals within the silica glass. The influence of the sol-gel conditions on the Eu3+ optical response has been investigated. The synthesis conditions can be varied to modify the structure of the material, and the dispersion of the rare earth ion, within the silica matrix. From the optical analysis an energy transfer appears from CdS nanoparticles to Eu3+ ions but also a back transfer Eu3+ to CdS nanoparticles is evidenced.