gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Wideband Unidirectional Reset-Less Rogowski Coil Switch Current Sensor Topology for High-Frequency DC-DC Power Converters (2023)

Current measurement of the semiconductor switches can provide critical analytics for protection, control, and several further applications, especially for high-frequency power electronics. Therefore, there is a requirement for a switch current measurement that can fulfill the required speed and accuracy in higher-frequency applications. Along with numerous existing switch current sensing methods, the PCB-embedded Rogowski coil switch current sensor is one of the best to be cast off for high-power compact designs of medium to high-frequency applications. This is due to their linear magnetic permeability (in PCB or air core), ultrahigh bandwidth, and easy integrability. Nevertheless, it gives a few shortcomings, such as being unable to detect DC and very low-frequency currents in principle. As the nominal switching frequency tends to exceed hundreds of kilohertz, overcoming the droop issue using electronic active reset becomes nearly impractical due to excessively short off time for discharging the integrator capacitor. This paper proposes a Rogowski coil switch current sensor topology and some of its applications, particularly overcoming the deficiency of DC and low-frequency components in switch current sensing, with no applying reset. In the proposed topology, the main idea is to add an extra analog rectified amplifier to the AC-coupled signal of the Rogowski coil to maintain the actual waveform DC value and compensate for the droop issue instantaneously. A well-tuned ultrahigh bandwidth unidirectional switch current sensor was prototyped and tested to measure the switch current for monitoring and shoot-through protection of a high-speed power SiC converter.
Modeling Rapid Thermal Diffusion of Arsenic and Boron in Silicon (1984)

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of high dose B and As implants is believed to produce large transients of point defects that may exist for the duration of the anneal (2–30s). Enhanced diffusion during RTA of boron implants >1015 cm−2is related to damage clusters at the peak of the range which can grow into cross‐grid dislocation networks. This process can create point defects through dislocation‐dislocation reactions and by nonconservative climb processes. Enhanced diffusion during RTA of high dose As implants is related to the amorphous Si surface layer formed during implantation. Regrowth of this layer into a defect‐free, crystalline layer is assumed to produce point defects which remain behind until they diffuse away. In the meantime, they contribute to enhanced As diffusion during the first 5–10s of the RTA cycle. Preamorphorization at low temperature eliminates this enhanced diffusion of As by eliminating the source of point defects presumed to be vacancies because of the associated defect removal in the implanted layer. Enhanced dopant diffusion has been modeled by overlaying an empirical transient point defect model on thermally assisted diffusion models associated with steady‐state furnace environments. A weighted exponential function was used to describe the transient process with a decay time of 4.4s.
An efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst based on a nickel iron layered double hydroxide functionalized Co3O4 core shell structure in alkaline media (2019)

An electrocatalyst based on a nickel iron layered double hydroxide functionalized Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> core shell structure.
Host−Guest Complexes with p-Sulfonatocalix[4,5]arenes Charged Crown Ethers and Lanthanides:  Factors Affecting Molecular Capsule Formation (2005)

Incorporation of the smallest diprotonated diaza-functionalized crown ethers into host−guest assemblies with p-sulfonatocalix[4 or 5]arenes gives insight into the dominant factors in the formation of “molecular capsule” or “alternative host−guest bilayer” structures in the solid state, in the presence of aquated lanthanide(III) cations. For p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, molecular capsule formation is dependent on guest size, protonation of the diaza-crown ether, and the pH of the reaction medium. In contrast, formation of (di)aza-crown ether-based molecular capsules with p-sulfonatocalix[5]arene was elusive under the conditions studied. Rather, an “alternative host−guest bilayer” structure formed in the presence of europium(III) ions.
Eukaryotic Ribosomal Expansion Segments as Antimicrobial Targets (2017)

Diversity in eukaryotic rRNA structure and function offers possibilities of therapeutic targets. Unlike ribosomes of prokaryotes, eukaryotic ribosomes contain species-specific rRNA expansion segments (ESs) with idiosyncratic structures and functions that are essential and specific to some organisms. Here we investigate expansion segment 7 (ES7), one of the largest and most variable expansions of the eukaryotic ribosome. We hypothesize that ES7 of the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans (ES7<sub>CA</sub>) could be a prototypic drug target. We show that isolated ES7<sub>CA</sub> folds reversibly to a native-like state. We developed a fluorescence displacement assay using an RNA binding fluorescent probe, F-neo. F-neo binds tightly to ES7<sub>CA</sub> with a K<sub>d</sub> of 2.5 × 10<sup>-9</sup> M but binds weakly to ES7 of humans (ES7<sub>HS</sub>) with a K<sub>d</sub> estimated to be greater than 7 μM. The fluorescence displacement assay was used to investigate the affinities of a library of peptidic aminosugar conjugates (PAs) for ES7<sub>CA</sub>. For conjugates with highest affinities for ES7<sub>CA</sub> (NeoRH, NeoFH, and NeoYH), the lowest dose needed to induce mortality in C. albicans (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) was determined. PAs with the lowest MIC values were tested for cytotoxicity in HEK293T cells. Molecules with high affinity for ES7<sub>CA</sub> in vitro induce mortality in C. albicans but not in HEK293T cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that ESs represent useful targets for chemotherapeutics directed against eukaryotic pathogens.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tungsten Suboxide WnO3n−1 Nanotiles (2021)

W<sub>n</sub>O<sub>3n-1</sub> nanotiles, with multiple stoichiometries within one nanotile, were synthesized via the chemical vapour transport method. They grow along the [010] crystallographic axis, with the thickness ranging from a few tens to a few hundreds of nm, with the lateral size up to several µm. Distinct surface corrugations, up to a few 10 nm deep appear during growth. The {102}<sub>r</sub> crystallographic shear planes indicate the W<sub>n</sub>O<sub>3n-1</sub> stoichiometries. Within a single nanotile, six stoichiometries were detected, namely W<sub>16</sub>O<sub>47</sub> (WO<sub>2.938</sub>), W<sub>15</sub>O<sub>44</sub> (WO<sub>2.933</sub>), W<sub>14</sub>O<sub>41</sub> (WO<sub>2.928</sub>), W<sub>13</sub>O<sub>38</sub> (WO<sub>2.923</sub>), W<sub>12</sub>O<sub>35</sub> (WO<sub>2.917</sub>), and W<sub>11</sub>O<sub>32</sub> (WO<sub>2.909</sub>), with the last three never being reported before. The existence of oxygen vacancies within the crystallographic shear planes resulted in the observed non-zero density of states at the Fermi energy.
Search for gravitational-wave bursts in LIGO data from the fourth science run (2007)

The fourth science run of the LIGO and GEO 600 gravitational-wave detectors, carried out in early 2005, collected data with significantly lower noise than previous science runs. We report on a search for short-duration gravitationalwave bursts with arbitrary waveform in the 64-1600 Hz frequency range appearing in all three LIGO interferometers. Signal consistency tests, data quality cuts and auxiliary-channel vetoes are applied to reduce the rate of spurious triggers. No gravitational-wave signals are detected in 15.5 days of live observation time; we set a frequentist upper limit of 0.15 day -1 (at 90% confidence level) on the rate of bursts with large enough amplitudes to be detected reliably. The amplitude sensitivity of the search, characterized using Monte Carlo simulations, is several times better than that of previous searches. We also provide rough estimates of the distances at which representative supernova and binary black hole merger signals could be detected with 50% efficiency by this analysis.
Fabrication of Ion-Induced Carbon-Cobalt Nanocomposite Fibers: Effect of Cobalt Supply Rate (2011)

Graphite surfaces were irradiated by argon (Ar+) ions at 1 keV with a simultaneous cobalt (Co) supply at room temperature. Various kinds of carbon nanocomposites, such as nanocones with and without single nanofibers on their tops, nanorods and fish-scale-like nanoprotrusions, were formed depending on Co supply rates. It has been observed that with increasing the Co supply rate the formation of nanoprotrusions without nanofibers became prominent. Both nanofibers and nanoprotrusions were surely composed of carbon and Co, as confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The cobalt carbon nanocomposite fibers (CCNFs), -1.5 microm in average length, were grown on the top of the nanocones at the Co supply rate of 1.0 nm/min. The field electron emission characteristics of CCNFs thus grown indicated that there is an optimum parameter for the CCNF growth to achieve the better emission performance than that of pristine Ar(+)-induced carbon nanofibers.
Bipolar radiofrequency ablation creates different lesion characteristics compared to simultaneous unipolar ablation (2019)

BRFA has greater core lesion temperatures, corresponding to a denser and larger necrotic core, than either simRFA or seqRFA. This may have implications for considering the optimal strategy for deep midmyocardial substrates or during multipolar ablation.
70 nm lensless diffractive microscopy using tabletop soft x-ray sources (2008)

We use curvature correction and high-numerical-aperture imaging to demonstrate a soft-X-ray diffraction microscope with 70-90 nm resolution using two tabletop coherent sources. This near-diffraction-limited resolution of 1.5lambda is a first for X-ray diffractive imaging.
Video Reflection Removal Through Spatio-Temporal Optimization (2017)

Reflections can obstruct content during video capture and hence their removal is desirable. Current removal techniques are designed for still images, extracting only one reflection (foreground) and one background layer from the input. When extended to videos, unpleasant artifacts such as temporal flickering and incomplete separation are generated. We present a technique for video reflection removal by jointly solving for motion and separation. The novelty of our work is in our optimization formulation as well as the motion initialization strategy. We present a novel spatiotemporal optimization that takes n frames as input and directly estimates 2n frames as output, n for each layer. We aim to fully utilize spatio-temporal information in our objective terms. Our motion initialization is based on iterative frame-to-frame alignment instead of the direct alignment used by current approaches. We compare against advanced video extensions of the state of the art, and we significantly reduce temporal flickering and improve separation. In addition, we reduce image blur and recover moving objects more accurately. We validate our approach through subjective and objective evaluations on real and controlled data.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MYC-Driven Tumorigenesis Is Inhibited by WRN Syndrome Gene Deficiency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 164K&lt;/p&gt;
On the strain-stress state of the reconstructed middle ear after inserting a malleus-incus prosthesis (2009)

The reconstructed middle ear (RME) consists of a thin annular plate made from cartilage, the intact stapes and a T-like prosthesis replacing the malleus-incus chain and interposed between the stapes and the reconstructed eardrum. Inserting the prosthesis leads inevitably to an initial pretension in the reconstructed ear. A high pretension can lead to a stiffening of the ligaments and a significant shift of the eigenfrequency spectrum of the middle-ear system. Only a weak pretension is required for satisfactory sound transmission. This paper presents a static model of the RME permitting one to estimate the initial strain-stress state of the sound-conducting system after insertion of a prosthesis. Several positions of the prosthesis with respect to the eardrum are considered. The anisotropic stiffness of the stapes annular ligament is represented by a fully occupied stiffness matrix. The equilibrium of the modelled system is described by four vector equations. In the case of small eccentricity of attachment of the prosthesis plate to the eardrum, the perturbation method and the Fourier series are used for solving the plate equation. Otherwise, the finite-difference method is applied. The influence of the geometrical dimensions of the inclined prosthesis and its position on the stresses in the prosthesis-stapes coupling as well as on the pretension of the annular ligament are analysed. Analysis of the calculations performed allows one to conclude that in order to avoid high pretensions and exclude possible luxation of the stapes, the prosthesis should be positioned as close to the centre of the reconstructed eardrum as possible.
The crystal and molecular structure of proflavine hemisulphate hydrate (1975)

Proflavine hemisulphate (3,6-diaminoacridine hemisulphate hydrate), crystallizes in the monoclinic
space group P2t/c, with a= 12.703 (1), b= 19-940 (2), c=21.487 (2)/~, fl=92.24 (2) °, and Z= 16. The
structure was solved by direct and search methods. The asymmetric unit contains four proflavine molecules,
two sulphate ions and seven water molecules. The structure was refined to a final R of 0.074 for
4738 statistically significant reflexions, out of a total of 5601 measured on a diffractometer. The proflavine
rings have slight deviations from equivalent geometry. They are not highly stacked. There are
strong intermolecular interactions involving the positively-charged central nitrogens of the proflavine
rings, and the sulphate anions, which tend to dominate the crystal structure. The complex hydrogenbonding
pattern in the structure involves all but three hydrogen-bond donors.
Pharmacokinetics of an orally administered methylcellulose formulation of gallium maltolate in neonatal foals (2010)

Gallium is a trivalent semi-metal with anti-microbial effects because of its incorporation into crucial iron-dependent reproductive enzyme systems. Gallium maltolate (GaM) provides significant gallium bioavailability to people and mice following oral administration and to neonatal foals following intragastric administration. To study the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of GaM against Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals, we developed a methylcellulose formulation of GaM (GaM-MCF) for oral administration to neonatal foals. Normal neonatal foals were studied. Six foals received 20 mg/kg and another six foals received 40 mg/kg of GaM-MCF orally. Serial serum samples were collected and serum gallium concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Gallium was rapidly absorbed (T(max) of 4 h), and a mean C(max) of 0.90 or 1.8 microg/mL was achieved in foals receiving 20 or 40 mg/kg respectively. Marked variability existed in C(max) among foals: only half of the foals receiving 20 mg/kg attained serum concentrations of >0.7 microg/mL, a level suggested to be therapeutic against R. equi by previous studies. Mean elimination half-life was 32.8 or 32.4 h for foals receiving 20 or 40 mg/kg respectively. The results of this study suggest that at least 30 mg/kg orally every 24 h should be considered in future pharmacodynamic and efficacy studies.
RecA-mediated sequence homology recognition as an example of how searching speed in self-assembly systems can be optimized by balancing entropic and enthalpic barriers (2014)

Ideally, self-assembly should rapidly and efficiently produce stable correctly assembled structures. We study the tradeoff between enthalpic and entropic cost in self-assembling systems using RecA-mediated homology search as an example. Earlier work suggested that RecA searches could produce stable final structures with high stringency using a slow testing process that follows an initial rapid search of ∼9-15 bases. In this work, we will show that as a result of entropic and enthalpic barriers, simultaneously testing all ∼9-15 bases as separate individual units results in a longer overall searching time than testing them in groups and stages.
Effect of La Crosse Virus Infection on Insemination Rates in Female Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) (2006)

Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) females orally infected with La Crosse virus after ingesting an infectious bloodmeal were compared for mating efficiency with females that ingested a noninfectious bloodmeal. After 14-d extrinsic incubation to allow for dissemination of the infection, all females were offered a second noninfectious bloodmeal and were placed in cages with age-matched males for 5 d. After 6 d, insemination rates were determined by detection of sperm in the spermathecae. Insemination rates of the La Crosse virus-infected females were significantly greater than in uninfected females.
Direct Attachment of Microbial Organisms to Material Surfaces Through Sequence‐Specific DNA Hybridization (2012)

A new technique is reported for the attachment of synthetic DNA strands to the surfaces of microbial organisms. This gives algal, bacterial, and fungal cells the ability to bind to complementary strands extending from patterned surfaces that can be produced on platforms such as microfluidic devices. The ability of this method to establish complex 2- and 3-dimensional cocultures comprising multiple organism types is also presented.
Bone sarcomas: ESMO–PaedCan–EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (2018)

Casali, Paolo Giovanni; Bielack, Stefan S.; Abecassis, N.; Aro, Hannu; Bauer, Sebastian; Biagini, Roberto; Bonvalot, Sylvie; Boukovinas, Ioannis P.; Bovee, Judith V. M. G.; Brennan, Bernadette M. D.; Brodowicz, Thomas; Broto, Javier Martín; Brugières, Laurence; Buonadonna, Angela; De Álava, Enrique; Dei Tos, Angelo; García-Del-Muro, Xavier F.; Dileo, Palma; Dhooge, Catharina R. M.; Eriksson, Mikael; Fagioli, Franca; Fedenko, Alexander; Ferraresi, Virginia; Ferrari, Andrea; Ferrari, Stefano; Frezza, Anna Maria; Gaspar, Nathalie; Gasperoni, Silvia; Gelderblom, Hans J.; Gil, Thierry; Grignani, Giovanni; Gronchi, Alessandro; Haas, Rick LM.; Hassan, A. Bass; Hecker-Nolting, Stefanie; Hohenberger, Peter; Issels, Rolf Dieter; Joensuu, Heikki T.; Jones, Robin; Judson, Ian Robert; Jutte, Paul; Kaal, Suzanne E. J.; Kager, L. H.; Kasper, Bernd; Kopeckova, Kateřina; Krákorová, Dagmar; Ladenstein, Ruth Lydia; Le Cesne, Axel L.; López Pousa, Antonio; Lugowska, Iwona; Merimsky, Ofer; Montemurro, Michael; Morland, Bruce J.; Pantaleo, Maria Abbondanza; Piana, Raimondo; Picci, Piero; Piperno-Neumann, Sophie; Reichardt, Peter; Robinson, Martin H.; Rutkowski, Piotr; Safwat, Akmal Ahmed; Schöffski, Patrick; Sleijfer, Stefan; Stacchiotti, Silvia; Strauss, Sandra J.; Sundby Hall, Kirsten; Unk, Mojca; Van Coevorden, Frits; Van Der Graaf, Winette T. A.; Whelan, Jeremy S.; Wardelmann, Eva; Zaikova, Olga; Blay, Jean-Yves
Signal control of hematopoietic stem cell fate: Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog as the usual suspects (2008)

Although Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways have been implicated in self-renewal and proliferation in vivo, modulation of these pathways alone does not result in substantive expansion of hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo. In addition to these signaling pathways, Bcl-2 family members may have an important role in inducing survival in hematopoietic stem cells both in vivo and ex vivo. Understanding the complex relationship between these unique signaling pathways is essential to achieve successful ex-vivo expansion toward enhanced hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-based therapies.
Yank: enabling green data centers to pull the plug (2013)

Balancing a data center’s reliability, cost, and carbon emissions is challenging. For instance, data centers designed for high availability require a continuous flow of power to keep servers powered on, and must limit their use of clean, but intermittent, renewable energy sources. In this paper, we present Yank, which uses a transient server abstraction to maintain server availability, while allowing data centers to “pull the plug ” if power becomes unavailable. A transient server’s defining characteristic is that it may terminate anytime after a brief advance warning period. Yank exploits the advance warning—on the order of a few seconds—to provide high availability cheaply and efficiently at large scales by enabling each backup server to maintain “live ” memory and disk snapshots for many transient VMs. We implement Yank inside of Xen. Our experiments show that a backup server can concurrently support up to 15 transient VMs with minimal performance degradation with advance warnings as small as 10 seconds, even when VMs run memory-intensive interactive web applications. 1
Keynote: The Benefits of Low Cost Accelerometers for GNSS Anti-Spoofing (2017)

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are integral to aviation navigation and precise landings. It will be fundamental to many other safety of life applications such as railway and autonomous vehicles. To truly protect these systems and maintain safety, we need to not just address nominal hazards but also deliberate threats such as spoofing. Many methods have been proposed to address spoofing. A natural suggestion is to compare GNSS with other independent sensors, particularly inertial sensors. This paper develops a GNSS spoof monitoring methodology that uses comparisons with an inertial sensor. The methodology differs from prior methods developed and uses comparisons of accelerometers and GNSS acceleration (rather than position or velocity). This structure keeps the two instruments independent which makes it a steady state test and allows for tests over time. This paper develops and examines the use of acceleration from low cost sensors to detect GNSS spoofing in safety of life applications. We examine if there are suitably random accelerations and whether low inertial sensors can provide useful comparison to GNSS. Then we examine how we can use these measurements to provide robust spoof detection. First, we examine whether there are adequate signals from the vehicle and whether they are sufficiently measurable by both GNSS and low cost accelerometers. The conjecture is that it is difficult for malicious spoofer to predict and hence replicate the accelerations experienced by these vehicles. For example, an aircraft experiences random accelerations due to wind gusts as well as semi-random accelerations due to configurations changes (flap, landing gear position). Similarly, a railcar may experience potentially random accelerations along-track and in the vertical direction. Measurements from flight tests show that there are often significant and unique accelerations that can be measured by both GNSS and consumer grade accelerometer. In cryptographic terms, the acceleration information can provide a “one time pad” that is difficult for most spoofers to determine. To reasonably compare accelerations, the measurements from GNSS and the accelerometer need to be aligned. Accelerometers measure in the body frame while GNSS provides results in inertial or local frames. GNSS is used to estimate the body frame and align the two measurements. While the alignment is not exact, the results indicate that it may be generally sufficient for approach. Next, having an unpredictable and high frequency acceleration signature allows for the development of robust spoof detection monitoring. Guiding principles in the initial design are simplicity and low false alert rates. High false alert rate will cause high unavailability and, even worse, general distrust of the system. Hence, the paper develops a simple statistically based test for detection. It demonstrates the performance of the test method on the flight test data collected.