gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tipranavir, a Non‐Peptidic Protease Inhibitor for Multi‐Drug Resistant HIV (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Protease Approaches to Identifying and Developing PI Leads Characteristics of Tipranavir Fragment-Based Lead Development? Summary References
Bipedal Navigation Planning over Rough Terrain using Traversability Models (2023)

We present a planning framework designed for humanoid navigation over challenging terrain. This framework is designed to plan a traversable, smooth, and collision-free path using a 2.5D height map. The planner is comprised of two stages. The first stage consists of an A* planner which reasons about traversability using terrain features. A novel cost function is presented which encodes the bipedal gait directly into the graph structure, enabling natural paths that are robust to small gaps in traversability. The second stage is an optimization framework which smooths the path while further improving traversability. The planner is tested on a variety of terrains in simulation and is combined with a footstep planner and balance controller to create an integrated navigation framework, which is demonstrated on a DRC Boston Dynamics Atlas robot.
Deep learning for prostate zonal segmentation robust to multicenter data (2023)

Prostate zonal segmentation is an important step for automated PCa diagnosis, MRI-guidedradiotherapy and focal treatment planning. Here we proposed a multi-channel U-Net for automatic prostate zonal segmentation, able to include multiple MRI sequences. Using a small, multicenter, multiparametric MRI dataset, we investigated its robustness towards the acquisition protocol and whether additional imaging sequences improve segmentation performance. Our results show that T2-weighted imaging alone is sufficient for successful prostate zonal segmentation. Despite using a small multicenter dataset, the models were robust towards the acquisition protocol and the performance was comparable to that obtained with larger datasets from a single institute.
Materials Compatibility and Organic Build-Up during Ozone-Based Cleaning of Semiconductor Devices (2001)

As integrated circuits keep on shrinking, micro-contamination needs further to be controlled, such as particles, metallic and organic species left on the wafer surface. Nowadays the use of ozonated chemistries in cleaning processes is gaining interest since the cleaning processes are urging towards more environmentally friendly processes . However the generation and transport of ozone may lead to contamination into the cleaning solutions. This work looks at some organic and inorganic species introduced in deionized water (DIW) when processing with ozone.
Tumor microenvironment associated with increased pretreatment density of activated PD-1+ LAG-3+/− TIM-3− CD8+ T cells facilitates clinical response to axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) in patients (pts) with large B-cell lymphoma. (2020)

3022 Background: Axi-cel is a US and EU-approved autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for pts with relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphoma after ≥ 2 prior therapies. In ZUMA-1 (NCT02348216), the objective response rate was 83% (58% complete response rate; Locke et al. Lancet Oncol. 2019). T cell-related biology (Immunosign 21; Immunoscore) measured pretreatment in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was associated with response to axi-cel (Rossi et al. AACR 2018. #LB-016; Rossi et al. AACR 2019. #CT153). This expanded analysis characterized the pretreatment TME immune contexture and examined associations between immune cell subsets and response. Methods: In ZUMA-1, pts received axi-cel at a target dose of 2.0 × 10 6 CAR T cells/kg. Archival pretreatment tumor biopsy samples were analyzed by multiplex immunohistochemistry (Brightplex). Two panels were developed and applied to assess T cell (CD3, CD8, FoxP3, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3) and myeloid cell (CD11b, CD14, CD15, LOX1, S100A9, CD68) subsets (n = 14 total). The association between T cell and myeloid cell subset density, prespecified immune scores (Immunosign 21; Immunoscore), and objective response was evaluated. T test values were based on Brightplex analysis. Results: Pretreatment tumor biopsy samples from 18 pts were analyzed (14 objective responders and 4 nonresponders). The pretreatment TME comprised all major myeloid and T cell subsets, with diverse distribution across samples analyzed. The median TME density of monocytes (CD11b+ CD15− CD14+; 1215 cells/mm 2 ) and macrophages (CD68+; 530 cells/mm 2 ) was greater than that of the total CD8+ T cell subset (312 cells/mm 2 ). The pretreatment Immunosign 21 and Immunoscore scores associated positively with the density of all major T cell subsets and some myeloid subsets. The density of activated CD8+ T cells (PD-1+ LAG-3+/− TIM-3−) was most significantly associated with clinical response versus other T cell subsets. The density of nonactivated CD8+ T cells (PD-1− LAG-3− TIM-3−) and exhausted CD8+ T cells (PD-1+ LAG-3+ TIM-3+) were not significantly associated with response. Additional characterization of the immune contexture and correlative analysis of cell subsets will be presented. Conclusions: These results suggest that a TME associated with increased density of activated PD-1+ LAG-3+/− TIM-3− CD8+ T cells, measurable pretreatment, facilitates clinical response in pts post–axi-cel.
Synthetic studies on cell-surface glycans. 65. Highly stereoselective synthesis of ganglioside GD3 (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies on cell-surface glycans. 65. Highly stereoselective synthesis of ganglioside GD3Yukishige Ito, Masaaki Numata, Mamoru Sugimoto, and Tomoya OgawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 22, 8508–8510Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00204a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (371 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparative evaluation of modulation methods of a three-phase buck+boost PWM rectifier. Part II: Experimental verification (2008)

This paper presents experimental results of a comparative evaluation of two different modulation methods for a three-phase buck+boost PWM rectifier. The measurements, which are performed on a 5 kW digital signal processor controlled prototype, verify the analytical calculations and simulations in part I and identify one modulation method to be clearly superior regarding the input filter capacitor voltage ripple and the DC link inductor ripple values. Finally, also the EMC noise emission levels are comparatively analysed for the modulation methods.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐HALOGENO‐3‐MORPHOLINOTHIETAN 1,1‐DIOXIDES, REACTIVITY IN BASE PROMOTED ELIMINATION AND RING CLEAVAGE (1974)

Abstract Die 4,4‐Dimethyl‐thietandioxide (I) (Halogen in cis‐ oder in trans‐Stellung) spalten beim Erhitzen in Na‐Äthoxid/Äthanol Halogenwasserstoff unter Bildung des Thietens (II) ab [das bei der sauren Hydrolyse in das Keton (III) übergeht], während die 3‐ Phenyl‐thietandioxide (IV) und (VIII) mit einfach methylsubstituierter bzw. unsubstituierter 4‐Position beim Erhitzen in wässrigem Dioxan in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin Ringspaltungsreaktionen unter Bildung der Produkte (V)‐(VII) bzw. (IX) und (X) eingehen.
Equivalence of multiwave coupled-wave theory and modal theory for periodic-media diffraction (1978)

The equivalence of generalized multiwave coupled-wave theory and rigorous modal theory for describing diffraction by volume periodic structures is established. The detailed connection between these theories is presented. The coupled-wave approach, which provides simple formulation and good physical insight, may thus also be used to obtain exact results.
Electron capture and emission properties of interface states in thermally oxidized and NO-annealed SiO2/4H-SiC (2008)

Postoxidation annealing in nitric oxide (NO) results in a significant reduction of electronic states at SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces. Measurements of electron trapping dynamics at interface states in both thermally oxidized and NO annealed SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces were performed using constant-capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy (CCDLTS) and double-CCDLTS. We show that the interface state density in as-oxidized samples consists of overlapping distributions of electron traps that have distinctly different capture cross sections. The dominant trap distributions, centered at Ec−0.24 eV with σ∼7×10−19 cm2, and at Ec−0.46 eV with σ∼4×10−17 cm2 are passivated by NO annealing. The remaining interface states all have capture cross sections in the range 10−19−10−21 cm2.
A New Sulfo-Siab Synthesis (1988)

Abstract N-sulfosuccinimidyl-(4-iodoacetyl)-amincbenzoate (sulfo-SIAB) was prepared in a 54% overall yield from N-chloroacetylbenzoic acid.
Prospects for gene therapy in ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency and other urea cycle disorders (1995)

Abstract Although individually inborn errors of metabolism are rare, collectively they contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in the pediatric age group. There are several reasons why, out of these inborn errors of metabolism, urea cycle disorders have emerged as potentially good candidates for the development of gene therapy. Studies have initially focused on ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) deficiency in part because there are mouse models of this disease and in part because this disease is particularly resistant to current therapies. Both in vivo and ex vivo approaches to gene therapy are being developed for the treatment of urea cycle disorders. Ex vivo gene therapy is appealing because of the long‐term expression that can be achieved, but there are clear limitations to this approach. In vivo gene therapy using adenoviral vectors is attractive for several reasons, including the fact that the virus can be administered by intravenous injection, the high levels of expression observed after a single injection, and the rapidity of that expression. Studies of transgene expression in the mouse models of OCT deficiency (OCTD) have been encouraging, but have also provided evidence that the immune system may be involved in mediating two limiting aspects of this technology, transient gene expression and inflammation. Although deletions in adenoviral early genes should limit adenoviral late gene expression and subsequent viral replication, there is in vitro and in vivo evidence of late gene expression after infection with adenoviruses deleted of some of the early genes. Future studies will focus on systematically defining the components of the virus that are recognized by the immune system and mutating these gene products. The development of an approach to gene therapy that safely, stably, and efficiently transduces gene expression holds the promise of revolutionizing the treatment of inborn errors of urea synthesis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin-2 Functionalized Nanocapsules for T Cell-Based Immunotherapy (2016)

A major demand on immunotherapy is the direct interference with specific immune cells in vivo. In contrast to antibody-engineered nanoparticles to control dendritic cells function, targeting of T cells for biomedical applications still remains an obstacle as they disclose reduced endocytic activities. Here, by coupling the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the surface of hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules, we demonstrated a direct and specifc T cell targeting in vitro and in vivo by IL-2 receptor-mediated internalization. For this purpose, defined amounts of azide-functionalized IL-2 were linked to alkyne-functionalized hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules via copper-free click reactions. In combination with validated quantification of the surface-linked IL-2 with anthracen azide, this method allowed for engineering IL-2-functionalized nanocapsules for an efficient targeting of human and murine T cell populations with various IL-2 receptor affinities. This nanocapsule-mediated technique is a promising strategy for T cell-based immunotherapies and may be translated to other cytokine-related targeting systems.
Application of Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) to a Mechanical Structure with a Variety of Transfer Paths (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In a typical mechanical product such as an automobile or construction machinery, it is important to identify deformation modes, for which experiments and analyses can result in significant improvements. It is also important to consider how to improve the structure with high rigidity by using a technique such as the strain energy method in conventional design and development. However, the abovementioned method often generates conflicting results with regard to weight saving and cost reduction of development requirements. Transfer path analysis (TPA) using the finite element method (FEM) is an effective way to reduce noise and vibration in the automobile with respect to these issues. TPA can reveal the transfer path from the input to the response of the output point and the contribution of the path, and to efficiently consider improved responses. TPA using FEM was applied to a mechanical structure with a variety of transfer paths, and evaluated the contribution of the vibration transfer path toward improving ride comfort. Analysis revealed the contribution of the partial structure of a vibration transmission path not found in the conventional technique. A comparison of analytical solutions revealed the differences between TPA and the conventional strain energy method. Studying the improvements in the structure based on these results led to a reduction in output points. This paper discusses the mechanism of vibration response and response reduction, their effectiveness, and issues regarding the future developments of TPA.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Trattamento delle epifisiolisi del femore prossimale (2010)

Riassunto L’epifisiolisi del femore prossimale e uno scivolamento della testa femorale a livello della cartilagine di accrescimento cervicocefalica, fenomeno definito dagli AA. anglosassoni slipped capital femural epiphysis. Il trattamento consiste nell’impedire la progressione dello slittamento e nel prevenire l’improvviso scivolamento in toto, il cui rischio maggiore e la necrosi della testa femorale. Le differenti classificazioni permettono di prevedere le difficolta di osteosintesi cervicocefalica, l’importanza dello spostamento e i rischi di ischemia cefalica iatrogena in seguito alla trazione sugli elementi vascolari. Il trattamento piu spesso utilizzato e l’inserimento di una vite cervicocefalica per via percutanea senza riduzione dello spostamento. Puo essere proposta un’osteosintesi preventiva del lato controlaterale sano. Le due complicanze principali sono la necrosi ischemica della testa femorale e la condrolisi. Nelle sequele degli scivolamenti a elevato spostamento sono state proposte delle osteotomie. Nelle osteotomie cervicali possono pero presentarsi disturbi vascolari della testa femorale.
Development of a Directly Patterned Low-Surface-Energy Polymer Brush in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2009)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a sustainable solvent because it is nonflammable, exhibits a relatively low toxicity, and is naturally abundant. As a selective, nonpolar solvent, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is an ideal fit for the development of low-surface-energy polymers. The development of directly patterned poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) brushes in scCO2 was investigated. PTFEMA, in particular, was selected over other fluorinated polymers because of its very high electron-beam (e-beam) sensitivity. PTFEMA brushes were grown on silicon substrates via controlled surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization of TFEMA. Surface analysis techniques including ellipsometry, contact-angle goniometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the thickness, hydrophilicity, roughness, and chemical composition of the polymer brushes. PTFEMA brushes were directly patterned in a single step using e-beam lithography and were processed in an environmentally benign scCO2 solvent. Tapping-mode AFM imaging confirmed the successful e-beam patterning and development of these brushes. The sensitivity of PTFEMA brushes toward direct patterning with the e-beam, followed by scCO2 development, was studied and compared to development in tetrahydrofuran solvent. Using this direct-patterning method, followed by dry development in scCO2, highly resolved nanostructured polymer brush lines down to 78 nm could be prepared. This method can be generalized to prepare fluorinated low-surface-energy polymer brush surfaces in a single step for various applications.
Clinical and functional correlates of a dopamine D3 receptor polymorphism (1995)

Abstract This is a review of our research on dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) gene polymorphism in psychiatric patients. We found that heterozygosity at a diallelic Ball polymorphic site in the first exon of the DRD3 gene was associated with schizophrenia, as did another group (Mant et al. , 1994). However others did not reproduce our findings and raised doubts about a possible role of the DRD3 in schizophrenia. More recently, we found that homozygosity for allele 2 at the same site was associated with lower cortisol and ACTH responses to apomorphine. We had also previously reported lower ACTH and cortisol responses to apomorphine in paranoid schizophrenics compared to controls (Mokrani et al. , in press). This suggests that DRD3 polymorphisms might be associated with functional differences that could secondarily influence the expression of schizophrenia, in spite of the lack of clear association with schizophrenia. More generally, classical association studies may be limited in their power to prove or disprove minor gene effects in schizophrenia because the disorder is heterogeneous and various genes may have additive effects in different patients. Biological measures that are closer to gene effects may be a better way to test candidate genes than the association with a complex clinical phenotype.
Rapid and complete coronary arterial tree visualization with magnetic resonance imaging: feasibility and diagnostic performance (2005)

The combination of an imaging sequence with an intrinsically high contrast (SSFP) and a sophisticated navigator technique (affine transformation) resulted in high quality, high resolution imaging of the whole coronary arterial tree within a short examination duration. Robustness and diagnostic accuracy may allow for a routine application in the near future.
Neutralization of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates by the broadly reactive anti-V3 monoclonal antibody, 447-52D (1994)

Human monoclonal antibody 447-52D binds to the V3 determinant of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 external glycoprotein. Its binding requires the expression of the GPxR sequence at the center of the V3 domain. HIV-1 variants that are adapted to replication in T-lymphoid cell lines and express this sequence motif are efficiently neutralized by the antibody (M. K. Gorny, A. J. Conley, S. Karwowska, A. Buchbinder, J.-Y. Xu, E. A. Emini, S. Koenig, and S. Zolla-Pazner, J. Virol. 66:7538-7542, 1992). In the present study, the antiviral activity of 447-52D was further defined with regard to its ability to mediate neutralization of primary HIV-1 clinical isolates. Again, the antibody was found to potently neutralize those isolates that expressed the binding sequence. We confirmed that this determinant is commonly expressed by virus isolates belonging to the subtype (clade) B sequence classification. As such, 447-52D may be useful for prophylactic and immunotherapeutic intervention. In addition, the study demonstrated that neutralization of primary HIV-1 isolates is possible if mediated by an appropriate antibody.
Three Dimensional Rigid Body Spring Modeling and its Application for Human Joints (2020)

Three dimensional Rigid Body Spring Modeling was applied for stress analysis of multiarticular joints such as the wrist, elbow and ankle joint. Geometric bone models were constructed using normal CT data with a 1 to 2 mm slice interval. Articular surface mesh models were constructed automatically by calculating the mid-points between two articulating bone surfaces. In the wrist radio-carpal joint under neutral loading condition, stress was concentrated on the volar side of the joint. The force distribution of radio-ulno-carpal joint was consistent with previous experimental results. In the elbow joint, ulnar-radial loading ratio of seven to three seemed reasonable in order to get equal stress distribution in both radio-humeral and ulno-humeral joints. This model has much promise in solving multi-articular joint problems. An easy modeling procedure, simple formulation, and short calculation time enable this model to be applied to very complex structures—structures for which even FEA cannot easily be applied. However, further experimental studies will need to be performed in order to achieve complete validation of this method.