gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Villous B Cells of the Small Intestine Are Specialized for Invariant NK T Cell Dependence (2008)

B cells are important in mucosal microbial homeostasis through their well-known role in secretory IgA production and their emerging role in mucosal immunoregulation. Several specialized intraintestinal B cell compartments have been characterized, but the nature of conventional B cells in the lamina propria is poorly understood. In this study, we identify a B cell population predominantly composed of surface IgM(+) IgD(+) cells residing in villi of the small intestine and superficial lamina propria of the large intestine, but distinct from the intraepithelial compartment or organized intestinal lymphoid structures. Small intestinal (villous) B cells are diminished in genotypes that alter the strength of BCR signaling (Bruton tyrosine kinase(xid), Galphai2(-/-)), and in mice lacking cognate BCR specificity. They are not dependent on enteric microbial sensing, because they are abundant in mice that are germfree or genetically deficient in TLR signaling. However, villous B cells are reduced in the absence of invariant NK T cells (Jalpha18(-/-) or CD1d(-/-) mice). These findings define a distinct population of conventional B cells in small intestinal villi, and suggest an immunologic link between CD1-restricted invariant NK T cells and this B cell population.
Genotet: An Interactive Web-based Visual Exploration Framework to Support Validation of Gene Regulatory Networks (2014)

Elucidation of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is a fundamental goal in biology, and one of the most important components of TRNs are transcription factors (TFs), proteins that specifically bind to gene promoter and enhancer regions to alter target gene expression patterns. Advances in genomic technologies as well as advances in computational biology have led to multiple large regulatory network models (directed networks) each with a large corpus of supporting data and gene-annotation. There are multiple possible biological motivations for exploring large regulatory network models, including: validating TF-target gene relationships, figuring out co-regulation patterns, and exploring the coordination of cell processes in response to changes in cell state or environment. Here we focus on queries aimed at validating regulatory network models, and on coordinating visualization of primary data and directed weighted gene regulatory networks. The large size of both the network models and the primary data can make such coordinated queries cumbersome with existing tools and, in particular, inhibits the sharing of results between collaborators. In this work, we develop and demonstrate a web-based framework for coordinating visualization and exploration of expression data (RNA-seq, microarray), network models and gene-binding data (ChIP-seq). Using specialized data structures and multiple coordinated views, we design an efficient querying model to support interactive analysis of the data. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our framework through case studies for the mouse immune system (a dataset focused on a subset of key cellular functions) and a model bacteria (a small genome with high data-completeness).
Structural, Optical, and Field Emission Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Films Grown by Helical Resonator Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1998)

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films have been prepared by helical resonator plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH 4 and H 2 mixtures. Films with various physical properties were obtained from different deposition conditions. The structural and optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films were more sensitive to the substrate bias than the substrate temperature. This reflects that the energetic ion bombardment modified the films more effectively than the thermal energy. The a-C:H films deposited with no bias applied show characteristics of polymeric films with a large content of C–H bond while the a-C:H films deposited as a function of the substrate temperature at a bias of 40 W show characteristics ranging from diamond-like carbon (DLC) to graphitic nature with a significantly reduced C–H bond. From elastic recoil detection analysis, the hydrogen content in the films also significantly reduced with an increase of substrate temperature at a bias of 40 W. The field emission from bare Si emitters and a-C:H coated Si emitters has been examined in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The field emission characteristic of the a-C:H coated Si emitters is better than that of the bare Si emitters. For the a-C:H coated Si emitters, the emission current of the a-C:H coated (at 150°C/40 W) Si emitters is higher than the that of the a-C:H coated (at 260°C/40 W) Si emitters. This difference in field emission characteristic is attributed to the structural and optical properties as well as hydrogen content.
Carbazole-Based Donor−Acceptor Compounds:  Highly Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles (2007)

Carbazole-based donor-acceptor compounds 1,2-dicyano-trans-1,2-bis-4-(carbazolyl)phenylethylene (1) and 1,2-dicyano-trans-1,2-bis-4-(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazolyl)phenylethylene (2) were synthesized. 1 and 2 show negative solvatochromic absorption behavior, but show both positive and negative solvatochromic behavior in the fluorescence spectra. In a water/THF mixture, 1 as well as 2 aggregate into 50-150 nm nanoparticles. The emission of nanoparticles of the new types of fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) 1 and 2 is much higher than that of either 1 or 2 in solution.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 5 from Supramolecular Nanoparticles That Target Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Overcome Insulin Resistance and Exert Pronounced Antitumor Efficacy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 314K, Characterization of PI103-cholesterol conjugated (S1); Characterization of PI828-cholesterol conjugated (S2); Characterization of PI103-cholesterol conjugate (S3); Synthesis and characterization of PI103-encapsulated nanoparticles (S4); In vivo efficacy of PI828-SNPs in 4T1 breast cancer BALB/c mice bearing 8 day old subcutaneous tumors (S5).&lt;/p&gt;
Figure S3 from PET Imaging of TIGIT Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3. MALDI-MS of TIGITAb and DFO-TIGITAb demonstrating successful bioconjugation.&lt;/p&gt;
Cartilage repair in osteoarthritic patients: utopia or real opportunity? (2009)

As medical advances lengthen average life expectancy, osteoarthritis (OA) will become a larger public health problem - not only because it is a manifestation of aging but also because it usually takes many years to reach clinical relevance. OA is already one of the ten most disabling diseases in industrialized countries. The huge financial burden emphasizes the acute need for new and more effective treatments for articular cartilage defects, especially since there are few disease modifying drugs or treatments for OA. There is no cure for OA and the management of OA is largely palliative, focusing on the alleviation of symptoms. Recent longitudinal non-controlled trials suggest that autologous chondrocyte transplantation techniques, which are indicated for young people with traumatic cartilage defects, could also be used in degenerative defects of elderly people with OA. This report discusses this therapeutic opportunity in view of some recently published data.
Dual-Polarized Wideband Low-Sidelobe Slot Array Antenna for V-Band Wireless Communications (2023)

A dual-polarized wideband low-sidelobe slot array antenna for wireless communication systems in the V-band is proposed in this work. The Taylor distribution is applied with each radiating slot as a tapering unit in both polarizations. A compact <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> element subarray is designed to achieve stable amplitude and phase distribution among elements with two sets of integrated compact wideband unequal power dividers for the E- and H-planes inside the subarray. Then, two layers of orthogonally polarized feeding networks with unequal E-plane T-junction power dividers are used to connect the subarrays to two standard waveguides WR-15 as input ports. The prototype of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> elements is fabricated and measured in an anechoic chamber. The maximum measured gain is 25.3 and 25.4 dBi for V- and H-polarization, respectively. The overlapped impedance bandwidth is from 57 to 66.4 GHz with reflection coefficiencies below −10 dB, and the isolation between two input ports is around 35 dB. Sidelobe levels of both polarizations are below −22 dB with good agreement with the simulations.
Navier-Stokes Computation of Pitch-Damping Coefficients Using Steady Coning Motions (2004)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
The role of surface chemistry in serum protein corona-mediated cellular delivery and gene silencing with lipid nanoparticles (2019)

Delivery of genetic medicines, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is a promising approach towards the treatment of diseases, such as solid tumors. However, in vitro and in vivo nanoparticle delivery efficiency is influenced by the formation of a protein corona in biological media. In this study, we have formulated four types of EnCore nanoparticles (F1 to F4) with a similar composition, but different polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated lipid chain lengths (carbon 14 vs. carbon 18) and molar ratios (6% vs. 3%). These LNPs showed dramatic differences in cellular delivery and transfection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in the absence and presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). The presence of proteins inhibited the cellular uptake of C18 (3%) nanoparticles, while it facilitated the cellular uptake of C14 nanoparticles. Among the adsorbed proteins from FBS, apolipoprotein E, but not apolipoprotein A1, affected the cellular uptake of the carbon 14 LNPs. Additionally, surface PEG was one of the determinants for the protein corona amount and composition. Finally, different serum to LNP volume ratios resulted in different protein enrichment patterns. Overall, the results showed a correlation between surface chemistry of LNPs and the protein corona composition suggesting a potential use for targeted delivery.
Towards an adaptive execution of applications in heterogeneous embedded networks (2010)

Embedded networks are emerging in many application fields, such as the automotive or building and factory automation sector. Compared to other distributed systems, embedded networks offer a new challenge for developers: heterogencity and resource constraints. The nodes contained in these networks can differ greatly w.r.t. their storage, processing and sensing/acting capabilities, ranging from very simple sensor devices with very limited resources over programmable logic controllers to very powerful nodes such as PCs. In order to achieve an efficient execution of applications running on such a network, a middleware is required that automatically adapts the embedded network to the requirements of the installed applications. In this paper, we will present a model driven development approach that allows the specification of application requirements, and a corresponding middleware solution that supports the automatic adaptation of the application execution based on these requirements and the characteristics of the underlying hardware.
The COSMO Skymed Solar Array (2006)

COSMO-SkyMed Constellation allows to use a Earth Observation Satellites System in order to guarantee peculiar operations for both commercial/civil and military applications. In this context, the EPS architecture and design have a role of utmost importance. As far as the power generation is concerned, the use of high efficiency TJ solar cells represents the best solution in terms of "delivered power/mass ratio". The qualification campaigns, performed by CESI and EMCORE at solar cell level and by Galileo Avionica at assembly and sub-assembly level, show that all the components, material and processes used on the PVA are reliable for the COSMO-SkyMed mission
Mass production and industrial applications of graphene materials (2017)

Abstract Graphene is considered a promising material for industrial application based on the intensive laboratory-scale research in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering, and biology over the last decade. Many companies have thus started to pursue graphene materials on a scale of tons (for the flake material) or hundreds of thousands of square meters (for the film material) for industrial applications. Though the graphene industry is still in its early stages, very significant progress in mass production and certain industrial applications has become obvious. In this report, we aim to give a brief review of the mass production of graphene materials for some industrial applications and summarize some features or challenges for graphene in the marketplace.
Topological stereochemistry. 8. Experimental studies on the hook and ladder approach to molecular knots: synthesis of a topologically chiral cyclized hook and ladder (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTopological stereochemistry. 8. Experimental studies on the hook and ladder approach to molecular knots: synthesis of a topologically chiral cyclized hook and ladderDavid M. Walba, Qun Yi Zheng, and Kevin SchillingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 15, 6259–6260Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00041a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00041a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Spread-spectrum path diversity in a shadowed Rician fading land-mobile satellite channel (1993)

The effects of two types of path diversity techniques, namely selection diversity and maximal ratio combining, on the bit error probability are investigated for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) transmission in a land mobile satellite channel using coherent binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation. It is assumed that the channel consists of a log-normally shadowed line-of-sight signal plus Rayleigh distributed multipath signals. The bit error probability is evaluated for light, average, and heavy shadowing. The performance is also measured in terms of the outage probability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Observation of a four-spin solid effect (2022)

The two-spin solid effect (2SSE) is one of the established continuous wave dynamic nuclear polarization mechanisms that enables enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals. It functions via a state-mixing mechanism that mediates the excitation of forbidden transitions in an electron-nuclear spin system. Specifically, microwave irradiation at frequencies ω<sub>μw</sub> ∼ ω<sub>0S</sub> ± ω<sub>0I</sub>, where ω<sub>0S</sub> and ω<sub>0I</sub> are electron and nuclear Larmor frequencies, respectively, yields enhanced nuclear spin polarization. Following the recent rediscovery of the three-spin solid effect (3SSE) [Tan et al., Sci. Adv. 5, eaax2743 (2019)], where the matching condition is given by ω<sub>μw</sub> = ω<sub>0S</sub> ± 2ω<sub>0I</sub>, we report here the first direct observation of the four-spin solid effect (4SSE) at ω<sub>μw</sub> = ω<sub>0S</sub> ± 3ω<sub>0I</sub>. The forbidden double- and quadruple-quantum transitions were observed in samples containing trityl radicals dispersed in a glycerol-water mixture at 0.35 T/15 MHz/9.8 GHz and 80 K. We present a derivation of the 4SSE effective Hamiltonian, matching conditions, and transition probabilities. Finally, we show that the experimental observations agree with the results from numerical simulations and analytical theory.
Safety in offshore engineering an academic course covering safety in offshore wind (2011)

Offshore projects are known for their challenging conditions, generally leading to high risks. Therefore no offshore project can go without a continuous and extensive assessment on safety issues. The Delft University of Technology is currently developing a course Safety in Offshore which deals with the entire scope of safety aspects that are to be taken into account in the offshore industry. This course is offered within the Offshore Engineering Master curriculum and is scheduled to commence in April 2012. Next to general safety awareness, the analyses and verification methods of safety aspects are presented throughout the different phases of offshore projects: design, fabrication, installation, operation and decommissioning. Focus points of this course are: tools for safety analyses (e.g. Hazid, FMEA, safety cases), provisions for validation (e.g. guidelines, certification), communication and interfaces between disciplines. The main goals of this course are to create awareness of safety topics in the offshore industry and provide an overview of the different safety topics within various disciplines. Additionally the course will provide tools for safety analyses as well as knowledge on implementation and control. This paper briefly outlines the content of the course Safety in Offshore while focusing strongly on its application within the offshore wind industry.
Improved Localization Precision and Angular Resolution of a Cylindrical, Time-Encoded Imaging System From Adaptive Detector Movements (2021)

To the first order, the localization precision and angular resolution of a cylindrical, time-encoded imaging (c-TEI) system is governed by the geometry of the system. Improving either measure requires increasing the mask radius or decreasing the detector diameter, both of which are undesirable. We propose an alternative option of repositioning the detector within the mask to increase the detector-to-mask distance in the direction of a source, thereby improving the localization precision and angular resolution in that direction. Since the detector-to-mask distance only increases for a small portion of the field of view (FOV), we propose implementing adaptive imaging where one leverages data collected during the measurement to optimize the system configuration. This article utilizes both simulations and experiments to set upper bounds on the potential gain from adaptive detector movements for one and two sources in the FOV. When only one source is present, adaptive detector movements can improve the localization precision and angular resolution by 20&#x0025; for a source at 90 cm and by 32&#x0025; for a far-field source. When two sources are present, adaptive detector movements can improve localization precision and angular resolution by up to 50&#x0025; for sources that are &#x007E;10&#x00B0; apart (90 cm from the system). We experimentally verify these results through maximum likelihood estimation of the source position(s) and image reconstruction of point sources that are close together. As a demonstration of an adaptive imaging algorithm, we image a complex arrangement of special nuclear material at the Zero Power Physics Reactor facility at Idaho National Laboratory.
Synthese von Imidazolidin‐Derivaten aus Dicyanessigsäureestern (1990)

Synthesis of Imidazolidine Derivatives from Dicyanoacetates By nucleophilic additions of amino acids to one cyano group of salts of alkyl dicyanoacetates 1 followed by ring‐cyclisation reactions the 4‐imidazolidinone derivatives 3, 5 are obtained.
Physical-chemical characterization and bond strength to zirconia of dental adhesives with different monomer mixtures and photoinitiator systems light-activated with poly and monowave devices (2022)

<b>Introduction:</b> Bonding to crystalline zirconia is currently a challenge. Properly cured adhesives are crucial to optimize this bond, and that in turn is influenced by the initial mobility of the system, as well as by the reactivity of the initiators. <b>Aim:</b> This study aimed to characterize adhesives containing monomer mixtures of different viscosities and double and triple photoinitiator systems; and to evaluate the bonding to Y-TZP zirconia, when adhesives were light-activated with monowave or polywave light-curing units (LCU). <b>Materials and methods:</b> Adhesives were formulated at a 1:1 weight proportion of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA or Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA. To these mixtures 0.5 wt% of CQ, 0.5-1.0 wt% of DABE, 0.5-1.0 wt% of DPIHP, or 0.5-1.0 wt% of TAS-Sb were added and used as photoinitiator systems. A total of ten adhesives were prepared. Resin composite cylinders were cemented on zirconia slices and 6000 thermal cycles were performed. Degree of conversion (DC), sorption (SO) and solubility (SL) after 7 days of water storage, and microshear bond strength (µSBS) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (<i>α</i> = 0.05). <b>Results:</b> Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA combined with either CQ/DABE or CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb presented the highest DC, and no significant differences were observed for LCUs (<i>p</i> = .298). CQ/DABE < CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb ≈ CQ/DABE/DPIHP and the polywave LCU showed smaller overall SO (<i>p</i> < .05). Bis-GMA/TEGDMA with CQ/DABE cured with the polywave LCU presented the lowest SO. SL varied as follows: CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb < CQ/DABE/DPIHP < CQ/DABE (<i>p</i> < .001). For µSBS, only the factor photoinitiator system was significant (<i>p</i> = .045). All mean values were above 30 MPa, with higher values being observed for BIS-GMA/TEGDMA and CQ/DABE. <b>Conclusion:</b> It can be concluded that the adhesive containing CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb as coinitiator of Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA mixtures produced a material with higher DC and lower SL, while bond strength values were similar to the ones obtained by CQ/DABE.