gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized power modules for silicon carbide MOSFET (2016)

An Integrated Power Board technology was used to construct a 3D power module. This packaging is suitable for use of WBG devices as it reduces the inductive parasitics to the strict minimum, with a 2nH loop inductance in our 1.2kV/80A SiC prototype using SiC MOSFETs. The packaging presents virtually no parasitics or necessity for slowing down the commutation, which is oscillation-free. The conducted emissions of the 3D module are more than halved in comparison to those of a bespoke wire-bonded, EMI-optimised module.
Synthesis of speed-independent circuits from algebraic specifications (2003)

The authors propose a novel method for the synthesis of asynchronous speed-independent circuits that communicate using handshaking protocols. The circuit's behavior is specified through a collection of properties. Each property is expressed algebraically and describes a partial view of the required behavior. The global behavior is obtained by the Boolean product of the algebraic expressions. Classical techniques of race-free synthesis are then adapted to take into account external environments (users) which do not necessarily respect the fundamental mode hypothesis. The method is illustrated by a dual-rail code queue element that communicates using a four-cycle signaling protocol on both the input-data and the output-data interconnections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Contour-based joint clustering of multiple segmentations (2011)

We present an unsupervised, shape-based method for joint clustering of multiple image segmentations. Given two or more closely-related images, such as nearby frames in a video sequence or images of the same scene taken under different lighting conditions, our method generates a joint segmentation of the images. We introduce a novel contour-based representation that allows us to cast the shape-based joint clustering problem as a quadratic semi-assignment problem. Our score function is additive. We use complex-valued affinities to assess the quality of matching the edge elements at the exterior bounding contour of clusters, while ignoring the contributions of elements that fall in the interior of the clusters. We further combine this contour-based score with region information and use a linear programming relaxation to solve for the joint clusters. We evaluate our approach on the occlusion boundary data-set of Stein et al.
Triptan‐induced latent sensitization: A possible basis for medication overuse headache (2009)

Triptans represent the treatment of choice for moderate and severe migraine headaches. However, triptan overuse can lead to an increased frequency of migraine headache. Overuse of these medications could induce neural adaptations that result in a state of latent sensitization, which might increase sensitivity to migraine triggers. The latent sensitization could provide a mechanistic basis for the transformation of migraine to medication overuse headache.
Initial experiments on Mercury, a 100 J /10 ns /10 Hz /10% efficiency diode pumped solid-state laser (2002)

We report the activation of four 80 kW diode arrays, fabrication of four full aperture (4 × 6 × 0.75 cm) S-FAP slabs, an average power Pockels cell, transmitted wavefront, and gain measurements on the Mercury laser system.
An Electron-Deficient Discotic Liquid-Crystalline Material (2001)

Hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarboxy triimide 1 was synthesized and fully characterized using NMR, IR, UV/vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. DSC and polarization microscopy showed compound 1 to be liquid crystalline over a large temperature range, while its specific mesophase (Col(ho)) could be determined via X-ray scattering experiments. Although the first reduction potential of 1 could not be measured directly, two closely related reference compounds 4 and 5 featured low first reduction potentials, suggesting the suitability of 1 as an acceptor material in photoinduced electron-transfer processes. The latter was confirmed via photoinduced absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy on mixed films of 1 and poly(3-hexylthiophene)
High resolution optoelectronic retinal prosthesis (2009)

Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight in patients with retinal degeneration by delivering pulsed electric currents to retinal neurons via an array of microelectrodes. Most implants use inductive or optical transmission of information and power to an intraocular receiver, with decoded signals subsequently distributed to retinal electrodes through an intraocular cable. Surgical complexity could be minimized by an "integrated" prosthesis, in which both power and data are delivered directly to the stimulating array without any discrete components or cables. We present here an integrated retinal prosthesis system based on a photodiode array implant. Video frames are processed and imaged onto the retinal implant by a video goggle projection system operating at near-infrared wavelengths (~ 900 nm). Photodiodes convert light into pulsed electric current, with charge injection maximized by specially optimized series photodiode circuits. Prostheses of three different pixel densities (16 pix/mm<sup>2</sup>, 64 pix/mm<sup>2</sup>, and 256 pix/mm<sup>2</sup>) have been designed, simulated, and prototyped. Retinal tissue response to subretinal implants made of various materials has been investigated in RCS rats. The resulting prosthesis can provide sufficient charge injection for high resolution retinal stimulation without the need for implantation of any bulky discrete elements such as coils or tethers. In addition, since every pixel functions independently, pixel arrays may be placed separately in the subretinal space, providing visual stimulation to a larger field of view.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5 from Mice Lacking <i>bi-1</i> Gene Show Accelerated Liver Regeneration (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-5 from Mice Lacking &lt;i&gt;bi-1&lt;/i&gt; Gene Show Accelerated Liver Regeneration
Essential-coupling-path models for non-contact EMI in switching power converters using lumped circuit elements (2003)

This paper proposes a simple lumped circuit modeling approach for describing noncontact EMI coupling mechanisms in switching power converters. The resulting model assumes a minimum number of noise sources and contains essential coupling paths that allow easy physical interpretations. Essentially, all capacitive couplings are represented by an equivalent noise voltage source and six coupling impedances, whereas all inductive couplings are represented by an equivalent noise current source and three coupling impedances. The resulting coupled noise appears as currents flowing into the terminals of the line-impedance-stabilization-network (LISN). The equivalent voltage source can be conveniently approximated as the switching-node-to-zero voltage, which is typically a rectangular pulse of a few hundred volts. The equivalent current source can be modeled as the current flowing around a loop containing the equivalent voltage source and parasitics such as winding capacitance of the power transformer, the snubber capacitance and connection inductances. Also, the coupling impedances can be estimated by making simplifying assumptions about the geometry of the components and tracks, or by direct measurements. Simulations and experiments verify how inductive and capacitive couplings through each path may produce substantial EMI measured by the LISN. Being based on a lumped circuit approach, the proposed model is easy to apply in practice for understanding, diagnosing and approximating EMI behaviors.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate signals glucose availability to mTORC1 (2020)

Abstract In response to nutrients, the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase regulates cell growth by setting the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. To be active, mTORC1 requires the environmental presence of amino acids and glucose, which provide the building blocks for the biosynthesis of most macromolecules. While a mechanistic understanding of amino acid sensing by mTORC1 is emerging, how glucose activates mTORC1 remains mysterious. Here, we used metabolically engineered human cells to identify glucose-derived metabolites required to activate mTORC1. We find that mTORC1 senses a metabolite downstream of the aldolase and upstream of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase steps of glycolysis and pinpoint dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) as the key molecule. In cells expressing a triose kinase, the synthesis of DHAP from dihydroxyacetone is sufficient to activate mTORC1 even in the absence of glucose. Genetic perturbations in the GATOR-Rag signaling axis abrogate glucose sensing by mTORC1. DHAP is the glycolytic metabolite along with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) that has the greatest fold-change between cells in high and low glucose. DHAP is a precursor for lipid synthesis, a process under the control of mTORC1, which provides a potential rationale for the sensing of DHAP by mTORC1.
Final results of a translational phase l study assessing a QOD schedule of the potent AKT inhibitor MK-2206 incorporating predictive, pharmacodynamic (PD), and functional imaging biomarkers. (2011)

3001^ Background: MK-2206 is a novel allosteric inhibitor of all 3 isoforms of AKT, which are targets implicated in malignant progression. Methods: The investigational agent MK-2206 was given orally QOD to patients (pt) with advanced solid tumors. PD studies of AKT and downstream protein phosphorylation (p) were carried out in tumor biopsies and platelet-rich plasma with MesoScale Discovery (MSD) ELISA, and hair follicles with immunofluorescence. Tumor biopsies were sequenced with Sequenom Oncocarta panel for putative predictive biomarkers and stained with IHC for PTEN expression. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were conducted. Results: 71 pt (37 M; median age 59y; ECOG PS 0/1: 22/49) received MK-2206 at 30, 60, 75, 90 mg QOD. G3 rash (n=6) was dose limiting at 75-90 mg QOD, establishing MTD at 60mg QOD. Four MTD expansion cohorts were then undertaken: paired tumor biopsies (n=14), functional imaging (n=13), ovarian cancer (n=11) and castration resistant prostate cancer (n=14). MK-2206 related toxicities included rash, nausea, fatigue, and hyperglycemia. C-peptide levels increased on MK-2206. No G5 toxicities were seen. PK was dose proportional. Steady state trough MK-2206 concentrations ≥60mg QOD were above those required for both pAKT inhibition and antitumor activity in preclinical models. PD studies in patients treated at the MTD demonstrated that on commencement of MK-2206: 1) pAKT was inhibited in all on-treatment tumor biopsies (p=.002); 2) pAKT, pPRAS40, and pGSK3β were suppressed in platelet-rich plasma from 3h to 48h (all p<.05); 3) pPRAS40 was inhibited 6h to day 15 in hair follicles (p=.03). Median tumor DWI apparent diffusion coefficients increased significantly in 4 pt at day 7 and 2 pt at Day 21 of MK-2206, supporting intratumoral necrosis; DCE-MRI and MRS did not change post MK-2206. 9 pt had RECIST stable disease >4 months with minor responses in 3 pt and CA125 declines observed. Conclusions: MK-2206 can safely induce significant and sustained AKT pathway blockade at the MTD with early signs of clinical activity observed.
Fine compactified moduli of enriched structures on stable curves (2016)

Enriched structures on stable curves over fields were defined by Maino in the late 1990s, and have played an important role in the study of limit linear series and degenerating jacobians. In this paper we solve three main problems: we give a definition of enriched structures on stable curves over arbitrary base schemes, and show that the resulting fine moduli problem is representable; we show that the resulting object has a universal property in terms of Néron models; and we construct a compactification of our stack of enriched structures.
Quantitative Analysis of Active Oxygen Species by Potentiometry (2007)

ブロモ鉄(III)[メソテトラ(3-チエニル)ポルフィリン]([FeBr(ttp)])に 1-メチルイミダゾール(Im)を軸配位させ，6 配位錯体を形成させた．これをグラッシーカーボン電極上に電解重合により修飾し，Fe ポルフィリン修飾電極を作製した．この修飾電極は活性酸素種(ROS)の一種であるスーパーオキシドアニオンラジカル(O2-•)の検出に利用でき，O2-• センサーとして働く．本研究では，この O2-• センサーを用いて，ポテンショメトリーによる O2-• の定量検出を行った．測定系において O2-• を発生させると，電位は卑方向へとシフトした．続いてスーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(SOD)を添加すると O2-• 発生前の電位に戻ることより，O2-• を定性的に検出できることが示された．また，ポテンショメトリーによる O2-• の検出はネルンスト式に従うため，O2-• を定量的に検出できることが明らかとなった．さらに，妨害物質となりうる過酸化水素(H2O2)や尿酸を添加しても電位のシフトはほとんど観測されず測定対象とならないことから，選択度の高い測定法であることが明らかになった．特にアンペロメトリーでは測定が難しい極めて低い O2-• 濃度(7×10-7 M)でも検出可能であることが示された．
Path Optimization Techniques for Trusted Routing in Tactical Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (2008)

Isr develops, applies and teaches advanced methodologies of design and analysis to solve complex, hierarchical, heterogeneous and dynamic prob-lems of engineering technology and systems for industry and government. Isr is a permanent institute of the university of maryland, within the
A Robust Approach to Enhance Tumor-selective Accumulation of Nanoparticles (2011)

While nanoparticles have shown great promise as drug carriers in cancer therapy, their effectiveness is critically dependent on the structural characteristics of the tumor vasculature. Here we demonstrate that several agents capable of inducing vascular responses akin to those observed in inflammatory processes enhance the accumulation of nanoparticles in tumors. The vascular-active agents tested in this study included a bacterium, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and microtubule-destabilizing drugs. Using radiolabeled nanoparticles, we show that such agents can increase the tumor to blood ratio of radioactivity by more than 20-fold compared to nanoparticles alone. Moreover, vascular-active agents dramatically improved the therapeutic effect of nanoparticles containing radioactive isotopes or chemotherapeutic agents. This resulted in cures of animals with subcutaneous tumors and significantly prolonged the survival of animals with orthotopic brain tumors. In principle, a variety of vascular-active agents and macromolecular anticancer formulations can be combined, which makes this approach broadly applicable and particularly suited for the treatment of patients who have failed standard therapies.
Real-time virtual object insertion (2005)

We present a system to insert virtual objects into real image sequences in real time. The system consists of offthe- shelf hardware (a camera connected to a Pentium PC) and software to (a) automatically select and track region features despite changes in illumination, (b) estimate threedimensional position and orientation of surface patches relative to an inertial reference frame despite individual pointfeatures appearing and disappearing, (c) insert a texturemapped virtual object into the scene so as to make it appear to be part of the scene and moving with it. This is all done in real time. The multi-thread C++ code, which is readily interfaced with a frame grabber as well as Matlab for development, will be made available to the public at the demonstration.
Supplementary Figure 2 from PD-1 Expression on Peripheral Blood Cells Increases with Stage in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients and Is Rapidly Reduced after Surgical Tumor Resection (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 5296K, Lymphocyte gating strategy. A. Leukocytes were gated as described in Supplemental Figure 1. B. T Cells were identified as CD3+ lymphocytes and NK cells as (CD3- CD56+) lymphocytes. C. T cells were sub-divided by CD4 and CD8 expression. D. CD8+ T cells were divided into subsets of Naive (CD45RA+ CD62L+), Effector (CD45RA+ CD62L-), Central Memory (CD45RA- CD62L+), and Effector Memory (CD45RA- CD62L-). E. CD4+ T Cells were sub-divided as for CD8+ T cells. F. B cells were identified as CD19+ lymphocytes. G. NK Cells were further divided into CD56bright and CD56dim phenotypes. H. B Cells were sub-divided into Naive (CD20+ CD27-), Memory (CD20+ CD27+), and plasmacytoid (CD20- CD27+). Fully differentiated plasma cells fall outside these gates because they are CD45-.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 3657: 6-(Het)aryl-7-Deazapurine Ribonucleosides as Potent Novel Cytostatic Agents that Interfere with RNA Synthesis (2010)

Abstract A series of 33 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides bearing an alkyl, aryl or hetaryl group in position 6 and H, F or Cl atom in position 7 was successfully synthesized. Significant cytostatic effects against both hematological and solid tumor cell lines were found for most of these compounds under in vitro conditions. The most potent were 7-H and 7-F derivatives of 6-furyl-/ 6-thienyl-7-deazapurine ribosides displaying nanomolar GIC50 values (comparable to gemcitabine or clofarabine) in several cancer cell lines. Intracellular phosphorylation to mono- and tri-phosphates and consequent inhibition of RNA synthesis, but not DNA synthesis, were demonstrated in preliminary studies of metabolism and mechanism of action. One of the most active compounds (6-thienyl-7-F-7-deazapurine riboside) was tested for in vivo toxicology in mice, and dose limiting toxicities were weight lost and leucopenia. However, the compound demonstrated highly significant antitumor activity at doses equivalent to MTD and ½ MTD, and afforded the extension of survival in treated mice bearing P388D1 leukemia (p&amp;lt;0.001 compared to untreated animals). Antitumor effect was comparable to doxorubicin in P388D1 model. Interestingly, the intraperitoneal administration of the compound resulted in good local control of intraperitoneally transplanted tumors. Supported by grants awarded by the Czech Ministry of Education (MSM 6198959216 and LC07017). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3657.
Dynamic monitoring of beating periodicity of stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes as a predictive tool for preclinical safety assessment (2011)

Microelectronic monitoring of stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte beating provides a high throughput, quantitative and predictive assay system that can be used for assessment of cardiac liability earlier in the drug discovery process. The convergence of stem cell technology with microelectronic monitoring should facilitate cardiac safety assessment.
Endogenous and exogenous metabolites in exhaled breath condensate in asthma (2012)

Profile of metabolites in different biological fluids reflects the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human organism initiated by internal and external factors. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis can provide information about the state of metabolic processes in the respiratory tract. Aim: To investigate various metabolites in EBC in asthma patients and healthy controls. Methods: EBC was collected from 20 asthma patients and 30 healthy subjects using an ECoScreen condenser. Metabolites were determined in EBC using gas-chromatography - mass-spectrometry method (GC-MS) and identified in NIST-2005 library. Results: There were found semi-volatile metabolites (SVMs) in EBC in asthma patients and healthy subjects. SVMs belong to different classes of chemical compounds: saturated fatty acids (SFAs), hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols and alkaloids.The limit of compounds detection was 0.1-10 ppb. 18 SVMs are presented in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB): 13 endogenous metabolites and 5 exogenous metabolites. SVMs were determined earlier in the blood, urine, but there is still no information in HMDB about these metabolites in EBC. The most representative group consisted of 12 SFAs, 11 of them are endogenous metabolites. The content of stearic and palmitic acids in EBC of patients with asthma was significantly decreased in compared with healthy. We found negative correlations between SFAs in EBC and spirometry parameters (FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) (p Conclusion: The pathological process in the respiratory tract changes the expression of SFAs in EBC, indicating the involvement of these metabolites in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Micro–mesoporous iron oxides with record efficiency for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: morphology driven catalysis for the degradation of organic contaminants (2015)

A template-free solid-state synthesis of a highly organized and morphologically controlled iron(<sc>iii</sc>)oxide micro–mesoporous Fenton catalyst is reported.
Correlation effects and spin-orbit interactions in two-dimensional hexagonal 5d transition metal carbides, Ta n+1 C n (n = 1,2,3) (2013)

Density functional calculations are used to investigate the electronic structure of two-dimensional 5d tantalum carbides with honeycomb-like lattice structures. We focus on changes in the low-energy bands near the Fermi level with dimensionality. We find that the Ta 5d states dominate, but the extended nature of the wavefunctions makes them weakly correlated. The carbide sheets are prone to long range magnetic order. We evaluate the stability of these states to enhanced electron--electron interactions through a Hubbard U correction. Lastly, we find spin orbit interactions strongly renormalize the band structure for n=2, but play a minor role in n=1 and 3.
Holotomography versus X-ray grating interferometry: A comparative study (2013)

X-ray phase-contrast imaging techniques are used at synchrotron facilities to visualize tiny density variations in bulk samples. They overcome the limitations of other non-destructive methods, which often provide insufficient spatial and/or density resolution. Holotomography (HT) and X-ray grating interferometry (XGI) are among the most powerful phase-contrast techniques. Here, we show a direct comparison of HT versus XGI. We find that XGI excels in fidelity of the density measurements and is more robust against low-frequency artifacts, while HT is superior in spatial resolution. This study gives indications for applications and developments of phase-contrast imaging.
Non-negative Matrix Factorization: A blind sources separation method to unmix fluorescence spectra (2009)

Fluorescent imaging in diffusive media is an emerging modality for medical applications. Here, we use spectrally resolved measurements in order to separate several fluorescence sources. It is useful to filter parasite signal (such as the intrinsic biological tissues fluorescence, called autofluorescence) or enable the multiplexing of several fluorophores. A spectroscopic approach, based on the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method, is explored to unmix overlapping spectra and thus isolate the specific fluorescence signals. This blind source separation method treats specific fluorescences (due to the various fluorophores) as different sources to separate; it only needs initial spectra, updated over iterations thanks to the classical gradient descent method. Fluorescence contributions of Alexa750 and ICG have been satisfactorily isolated on experimental data.
Automated Permission Model Generation for Securing SDN Control-Plane (2019)

An important consideration in software-defined networks (SDNs), is that one SDN application, through a bug or API misuse, can break an entire SDN. While previous works have tried to mitigate such concerns by implementing access control mechanisms (permission models) for an SDN controller, they commonly require serious manual efforts in creating a permission model. Moreover, they do not support flexible permission models, and they are often tightly coupled with a specific SDN controller. To address such limitations, we introduce an automated permission generation and verification system called VOGUE. A distinguishing aspect of VOGUE is that it automatically generates flexible permission models and yet is completely separated from the SDN controller implementation. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we implement a prototype, evaluate its completeness and soundness, and examine its performance. In addition, to show the effectiveness of VOGUE, we demonstrate its use cases and security impact to SDN in the context of popular SDN controllers.