gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Level Languages Implementation and Analysis of 3D Navier-Stokes Solvers (2011)

Abstract In this work we introduce PRIN-3D (PRoto-code for Internal flows modeled by Navier-Stokes equations in 3-Dimensions), a new high level algebraic language (Matlab ® ) based code, by discussing some fundamental aspects regarding its basic solving kernel and by describing the design of an innovative advection scheme. The main focus was on designing a memory and computationally efficient code that, due to the typical conciseness of the Matlab coding language, could allow for fast and effective implementation of new models or algorithms. Innovative numerical methods are discussed in the paper. The pressure equation is derived with a quasi-segregation technique leading to an iterative scheme obtained within the framework of a global preconditioning procedure. Different levels of parallelization are obtainable by exploiting special pressure variable ordering patterns that lead to a block-structured Poisson-like matrix. Moreover, the new advection scheme has the potential of a controllable artificial diffusivity. Preliminary results are shown including a fully three-dimensional internal laminar flow evolving in a relatively complex geometry and a 3D methane-air flame simulated with the aid of libraries based on the Flamelet model.
Technology Update: MPD Widens Offshore Drilling Capabilities (2015)

Technology Update The second of a two-part series, this article presents an update on several managed-pressure drilling (MPD) technologies in use offshore. Approximately one-half of all offshore conventional oil and gas resources are known or thought to be undrillable with conventional, open-to-atmosphere circulating fluids systems for safety, economic, and/or technical reasons. In deeper water, pressure on exposed formations created by a tall column of annulus returns in marine risers grossly overbalances many reservoirs, resulting in a higher proportion of undrillable prospects. Many offshore drilling programs experience a slow rate of penetration and instances of stuck pipe, kicks, and lost circulation, which collectively account for about one-third of all the nonproductive time on drilling projects. As the elapsed time increases, so does the cost per foot drilled and the probability of other things going wrong, creating a temptation for taking short cuts to save time and money. If drilling difficulties lead to the use of excessive casing strings, the result may be reaching total depth with too small a hole for a productive well. An inherent weakness associated with the hydraulics of conventional circulating fluids systems has become more troublesome. In the face of unexpected downhole pressure environments and wellbore instability, the only way to influence the wellbore pressure profile as drilling progresses is to change the circulating rate (mud pump speed), which influences the equivalent mud weight (EMW). The only means of applying backpressure to increase the wellbore pressure profile is to close the blowout preventer (BOP). Consequently, the primary well-control barrier is limited to the hydrostatic pressure applied to exposed formations. The root concepts of the hydraulics of conventional drilling were founded in the Spindletop field in Beaumont, Texas, circa 1901. The “Spindletop gushers” were initially a time of celebration. However, resulting wasted resources, fires, and lawsuits prompted a need to drill into the reservoir without experiencing a blowout. The solution was to drill with weighted fluids, literally mud from a cattle pond at the time. Although drilling fluids technology has come a long way, conventional offshore drilling programs still view the hydraulics of the circulating fluids system essentially the same way— and we still commonly refer to drilling fluid as mud.
Integrated Exertion—Understanding the Design of Human–Computer Integration in an Exertion Context (2022)

Human–computer interaction (HCI) is increasingly interested in supporting exertion experiences so more people can benefit from physical activity. So far, most systems have focused on sensing and presenting information to the user via screens to support the exertion experience. Interestingly, emerging technology can also act on the exerting user's body based on sensed information, granting researchers the potential to develop technology that not only “presents” but also “acts” on information throughout an integrated exertion experience. As a result, design opportunities surrounding computing machinery as contextually aware exertion partners are now available. However, there are currently no frameworks to guide the design of human–computer integration in an exertion context. To contribute to closing this gap, we designed three eBike systems to investigate different forms of integration with the exerting user and we studied the resulting user experiences. Based on the results of these three case studies, we present the first framework, including associated design tactics, to offer guidance on how to design human–computer integration in an exertion context.
High-barrier rectifying contacts on undoped ZnO films with (NH4)2Sxtreatment owing to Fermi-level pinning (2009)

We report on the formation of high-barrier Ti and Ni contacts to (NH4)2Sx-treated ZnO films grown by pulsed-laser deposition. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the position of the Zn 3d core-level peak at the (NH4)2Sx-treated ZnO surface is the same as that at the Ti/(NH4)2Sx-treated ZnO or Ni/(NH4)2Sx-treated ZnO interfaces, suggesting the occurrence of Fermi-level (EF) pinning and the formation of a barrier height of ∼2.7 eV. From the photoluminescence and XPS measurements, it is suggested that a high Zn-vacancy density might cause the ZnO EF to be pinned close to the Zn-vacancy defect level at approximately 0.7 eV above the valence band maximum. In addition, the discrepancy in barrier-height values obtained from XPS and current–voltage measurements suggests the formation of S–Zn surface dipoles with S atoms on the surfaces.
Groupe Néphrologie verte de la SFNDT : premières réflexions (2023)

Preserving the environment is becoming a universal priority. Human activities must be redesigned to best adapt them to available resources and to reduce their deleterious impact on the planet. The Green Nephrology Group of the “Société française de néphrologie, dialyse et transplantation” (SFNDT) has started a reflection on these issues, in particular on dialysis, a vital treatment but with high carbon production, associated with high water consumption. The data available on these points are presented such as, among others, the collection of indicators and action plans, the recycling of waste from water treatment, the reduction of dialysate flow, the reuse and regeneration of spent dialysate as well as calculations of carbon emission by dialysis activity. Architectural experiences are reported as well as the regulatory constraints applying to manufacturers and organizations in the sector. Potential solutions require the mobilization of all stakeholders, ranging from patients to health authorities, including caregivers, pharmacists, technicians, nephrologists and facility managers. They will be formalized very soon in a guide being prepared by the SFNDT Green Nephrology Group.
Novel thermal based current sharing control of parallel converters (2005)

This paper describes the study and implementation of a new thermal based load sharing method for parallel converters. The current sharing loop controller using small signal modeling and stability analysis is reviewed. The effect of variation of components within their tolerance on the temperature of two parallel buck converters is presented. The same control method is extended to design the temperature-based current sharing loop. The algorithm details, the controller design and the implementation process for the thermal based current sharing control are discussed. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated.
$óJ5HVROXWLRQ0LFURDFFHOHURPHWHU6\VWHP with A Second-2UGHU -˚5HDGRXW&LUFXLWU\ (2008)

This paper reports a 2 nd order electromechanical sigma-delta accelerometer system. Accelerometer is fabricated using Dissolved Wafer Process, and has a structural thickness of 15om. A large proof mass is used to decrease the mechanical noise of the accelerometer and 306 fingers per side are used to increase the sensitivity and operation range of the accelerometer. In order to obtain a high resolution, low noise accelerometer system, a fully differential, closed loop, oversampled sigma-delta capacitive readout circuit is designed and implemented. The chip includes a switched-capacitor charge integrator and a comparator, and can be used in either open-loop or closed-loop mode. The readout circuit has more than 115dB dynamic range and can resolve less than 3aF/o Hz. A digital filtration and decimation circuitry is also implemented to signal process the output bit stream of the readout circuit. The �� -�˚�VHFRQGorder closed loop readout circuit consumes 16mW power from a 5 V supply and the complete accelerometer system has a 0.3% non-linearity in
Association analysis for quantitative traits by data mining: QHPM. (2002)

Previously, we have presented a data mining-based algorithmic approach to genetic association analysis, Haplotype Pattern Mining. We have now extended the approach with the possibility of analysing quantitative traits and utilising covariates. This is accomplished by using a linear model for measuring association. We present results with the extended version, QHPM, with simulated quantitative trait data. One data set was simulated with the population simulator package Populus, and another was obtained from GAW12. In the former, there were 2-3 underlying susceptibility genes for a trait, each with several ancestral disease mutations, and 1 or 2 environmental components. We show that QHPM is capable of finding the susceptibility loci, even when there is strong allelic heterogeneity and environmental effects in the disease models. The power of finding quantitative trait loci is dependent on the ascertainment scheme of the data: collecting the study subjects from both ends of the quantitative trait distribution is more effective than using unselected individuals or individuals ascertained based on disease status, but QHPM has good power to localize the genes even with unselected individuals. Comparison with quantitative trait TDT (QTDT) showed that QHPM has better localization accuracy when the gene effect is weak.
Synchronized Oscillations in Networks of Neuron Analogue Circuits (1984)

A simplified circuit analogue of a nerve cell is introduced here. This circuit is based on modulation of a voltage-controlled oscillator by signals entering through a circuit analogue of a chemical synapse. Phase locking of frequency-encoded information is described, and it is shown that large networks can sustain stable spatial patterns of phase-locked behaviour.
Cloud Computing and Consumer Electronics: A Perfect Match or a Hidden Storm? [Soapbox] (2012)

Cloud computing has emerged strongly into the consumer domain. As industry competes to gain market share from the rapidly growing multitudes of cloud-IT users, both network and data center infrastructures will grow more rapidly than anticipated driven bv new thin-client CE devices. The challenge for the designers of new devices and associated applications and services will be how to minimize the digital waste in terms of unnecessary data transport and network storage. Energy is a key mantra here - new devices need to be network savvy and designed to optimize data transport and storage in a wider resource context and time frame than in the past.
Aqueous Stability of SB 210661: Kinetics and Primary Degradation Mechanisms of anN-Hydroxyurea-containing 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor (1998)

SB 210661, (S)-N-hydroxy-N-[2,3-dihydro-6-(2,6-difluorophenylmethoxy)-3-benzo furanyl]urea, is a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase. Its aqueous stability was primarily evaluated to support development of analytical methods and formulations. The results also add to the growing database on the stability of N-hydroxyurea compounds. Comparison of the stability of SB 210661 with that of two other N-hydroxyurea-containing compounds, zileuton and Abbott-79175, supported a common primary degradative pathway at pH > 5 and different degradative pathways at pH < 5. The pathway at pH > 5 is consistent with the hydrolysis of the N-hydroxyurea group, whereas for SB 210661, the pathway at pH < 5 is consistent with specific acid-catalysed nucleophilic displacement of the N-hydroxyurea group by water.
Novel Bioartificial Liver Support System: Preclinical Evaluation (1999)

Preclinical safety and efficacy evaluation of a novel bioartificial liver support system (BLSS) was conducted using a D-galactosamine canine liver failure model. The BLSS houses a suspension of porcine hepatocytes in a hollow fiber cartridge with the hepatocytes on one side of the membrane and whole blood flowing on the other. Porcine hepatocytes harvested by a collagenase digestion technique were infused into the hollow fiber cartridge and incubated for 16 to 24 hours prior to use. Fifteen purpose-bred male hounds, 1-3 years old, 25-30 kg, were administered a lethal dose, 1.5 g/kg, of D-galactosamine. The animals were divided into three treatment groups: (1b) no BLSS treatment (n = 6); (2b) BLSS treatment starting at 24-26 h post D-galactosamine (n = 5); and (2c) BLSS treatment starting at 16-18 h post D-galactosamine (n = 4). While maintained under isoflurane anesthesia, canine supportive care was guided by electrolyte and invasive physiologic monitoring consisting of arterial pressure, central venous pressure, extradural intracranial pressure (ICP), pulmonary artery pressure, urinary catheter, and end-tidal CO2. All animals were treated until death or death-equivalent (inability to sustain systolic blood pressure > 80 mmHg for 20 minutes despite massive fluid resuscitation and/or dopamine administration), or euthanized at 60 hours. All animals developed evidence of liver failure at 12-24 hours as evidenced by blood pressure lability, elevated ICP, marked hepatocellular enzyme elevation with microscopic massive hepatocyte necrosis and cerebral edema, elevated prothrombin time, and metabolic acidosis. Groups 2b and 2c marginally prolong survival compared with Group 1b (pairwise log rank censored survival time analysis, p = 0.096 and p = 0.064, respectively). Since survival times for Groups 2b and 2c are not significantly different (p = 0.694), the groups were combined for further statistical analysis. Survival times for the combined active treatment Groups 2b and 2c are significantly prolonged versus Group 1b (p = 0.047). These results suggest the novel BLSS reported here can have a significant impact on the course of liver failure in the D-galactosamine canine liver failure model. The BLSS is ready for Phase I safety evaluation in a clinical setting.
Local and Target-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exert Opposing Effects on the Dendritic Arborization of Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivo (2002)

The dendritic and axonal arbors of developing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are exposed to two sources of BDNF: RGC dendrites are exposed to BDNF locally within the retina, and RGC axons are exposed to BDNF at the target, the optic tectum. Our previous studies demonstrated that increasing tectal BDNF levels promotes RGC axon terminal arborization, whereas increasing retinal BDNF levels inhibits RGC dendritic arborization. These results suggested that differential neurotrophic action at the axon versus dendrite might be responsible for the opposing effects of BDNF on RGC axonal versus dendritic arborization. To explore this possibility, we examined the effects of altering BDNF levels at the optic tectum on the elaboration of RGC dendritic arbors in the retina. Increasing tectal BDNF levels resulted in a significant increase in dendritic branching, whereas neutralizing endogenous tectal BDNF with function-blocking antibodies significantly decreased dendritic arbor complexity. Thus, RGC dendritic arbors react in opposing manners to retinal- versus tectal-derived BDNF. Alterations in retinal BDNF levels, however, did not affect axon terminal arborization. Thus, RGC dendritic arborization is controlled in a complementary manner by both local and target-derived sources of BDNF, whereas axon arborization is modulated solely by neurotrophic interactions at the target. Together, our results indicate that developing RGCs modulate dendritic arborization by integrating signals from discrete sources of BDNF in the eye and brain. Differential integration of spatially discrete neurotrophin signals within a single neuron may therefore finely tune afferent and efferent neuronal connectivity.
Effects of Mechanical Vibration Factors on Size and Shape of Solid Particles in JIS AC4CH Aluminum Alloy Semi-Solid Slurry (2015)

In semi-solid forming processes for metals, it is important to make slurries with fine, round solid particles. In this study, we investigated the effects of mechanical vibration on the size and shape of solid particles. The slurry was prepared by pouring molten AC4CH aluminum alloy into a vibrating stainress container, and the vibration of the container was controlled. The solid particles in the slurry became finer and rounder with increasing acceleration amplitude at the same frequency, or with decreasing frequency at the same acceleration amplitude. However, at the same velocity amplitude and different frequency and acceleration amplitude, the solid particles formed a dendritic structure at high or low frequencies. The solid particles were the finest and roundest at a frequency of 50 Hz. The calculation results for the particle diameter and the particle roundness also showed that the solid particles became finer and rounder with increasing velocity amplitude. Additionally, the shapes of solid particles were affected by the frequency and displacement amplitude. Mechanical vibration with a frequency and displacement amplitude above certain threshold values produced fine, round solid particles. Slurry containing sufficiently fine, round particles was obtained by applying mechanical vibration at 50 Hz with an acceleration amplitude higher than 49.0 m/s2.
Brain structure anomalies in autism spectrum disorder—a meta‐analysis of VBM studies using anatomic likelihood estimation (2011)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive developmental disorders with characteristic core symptoms such as impairments in social interaction, deviance in communication, repetitive and stereotyped behavior, and impaired motor skills. Anomalies of brain structure have repeatedly been hypothesized to play a major role in the etiopathogenesis of the disorder. Our objective was to perform unbiased meta-analysis on brain structure changes as reported in the current ASD literature. We thus conducted a comprehensive search for morphometric studies by Pubmed query and literature review. We used a revised version of the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach for coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging results. Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps were applied to compare the localization of the obtained significant effects to histological areas. Each of the significant ALE clusters was analyzed separately for age effects on gray and white matter density changes. We found six significant clusters of convergence indicating disturbances in the brain structure of ASD patients, including the lateral occipital lobe, the pericentral region, the medial temporal lobe, the basal ganglia, and proximate to the right parietal operculum. Our study provides the first quantitative summary of brain structure changes reported in literature on autism spectrum disorders. In contrast to the rather small sample sizes of the original studies, our meta-analysis encompasses data of 277 ASD patients and 303 healthy controls. This unbiased summary provided evidence for consistent structural abnormalities in spite of heterogeneous diagnostic criteria and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) methodology, but also hinted at a dependency of VBM findings on the age of the patients.
Influence of platform switching on crestal bone resorption (2008)

Purpose: Numerous studies have shown that crestal bone resorption around the implant was related to the location of the implant abutment junction(IAJ). Recently it was hypothesized that platform switching termed the inward horizontal repositioning of the IAJ might limit bone resorption around the implants. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of platform switching on crestal bone resorption. Materials and Methods: The crestal bone loss of 65 external hex implants in 26 patients were radiographically measured at crown placement and follow-up examinations. 23 standard implants(non-platform switching group, NP) were connected with the matching abutments and 42 wide implants(platform switching group, PS) were connected with the 1 mm smaller diameter abutments. Results: There was significant difference of crestal bone loss between NP group and PS group. For implants in the NP group, mean crestal bone loss was 1.18±0.68 mm at crown placement and 1.42±0.41 mm at follow-up. The meal bone loss in PS group was 0.47±0.52 mm at crown placement and 0.60±0.65 mm at follow-up. When the crestal bone changes according to placement depths of implants were compared, subcrestal position of IAJ had a sig- nificantly less bone loss in PS group, but it was not in NP group. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that platform switching technique might decrease crestal bone loss around the implants. Additionally, when the IAJ of implant was placed 1 mm deeper in the alveolar bone, the effect of platform switching on bone loss was enhanced. (J Korean Acad Periodontol 2008;38:135-142)
Internal regularity and quantization of gene parameters (2006)

Th e origin and function of introns in eukaryotic cells has rised much attention since their discovery in 1977. However, none of the opposing theories is universally recognized today. We have elaborated a new approach and methodology to study the origin of genes and introns using analysis and comparison of gene numerical parametres and their internal regularity. Exon dimensions, intron coordinates, sizes of gene exon rows, etc. were investigated. Our aim was to demonstrate that the structures of primeval gene precursors originating at the very early stage of evolution were regular and periodic, and that this regularity was retained partially also in the structures of modern contemporary genes and the corresponding proteins. Th e ability to determine the size of the gene quantum and to quantize the gene numerical parameters for the most regular modern gene structures gave support for this new approach. In this article we describe new principles and a method of analysis of gene internal regularity, demonstrate the internal regularity of some gene segments, and determine the numerical values of their quanta.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Preparation of Functionalized Arylzinc Compounds by the Reaction of Zinc/Silver‐Graphite with Aryl Iodides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.