gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A wideband dual frequency printed dipole antenna using a parasitic element (2004)

In this paper, a wideband dual frequency printed dipole antenna using a parasitic element is proposed. This antenna is designed and fabricated at the adjacent dual frequency bands (PCS: 1750-1870 MHz; and IMT-2000: 1920-2170 MHz). It may be used as an antenna at the base station.
Current-induced Out-of-plane Spin Accumulation on the (001) Surface of the IrMn3 Antiferromagnet (2019)

Current-induced spin textures in antiferromagnets (AFMs) are of great importance and interest, not only for a detailed understanding of the underlying physical phenomena, but also for magnetization switching using AFMs in spintronics. Direct visualization of such spin textures in AFMs has remained elusive, however. This study uses a scanning photovoltage microscope to image current-induced spin accumulation in (001)- and (111)-oriented IrMn${}_{3}$. In contrast to the conventional spin Hall phenomena, significant out-of-plane spin accumulation is observed at the top surface in the (001) case. This work promotes AFM-based devices exploiting spin-orbit torque without a magnetic field.
Chemistry of Boron Nitride Nanosheets (2015)

Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are an exemplary member of the graphene-analogous 2D nanomaterial family (Golberg et al. 2010, Lin 2012a, Lu et al. 2012, Pakdel et al. 2012, Song et al. 2013). However, BNNSs had not captured much interest from scientists until graphene was exfoliated from graphite in 2004 by Novoselov et al. (2004). Shortly thereafter, BNNSs were exfoliated from hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by the same group of researchers (Novoselov et al. 2005). In both cases, the preparations were achieved via mechanical exfoliation by simply using a piece of adhesive tape, that is, the Scotch tape method. Sharing a nearly identical geometrical structure to graphene, BNNSs also have superb mechanical strength and high thermal conductivity. However, BNNSs have an intrinsically wide bandgap (~4-6 eV) in comparison to conductive graphene. These property differences make BNNSs potentially useful in applications where graphene may not be desirable. For example, BNNSs are attractive for use as thermally conductive but electrically insulating fillers for14.1 Introduction 367 14.2 eoretical Investigations of BNNS Chemistry 37014.2.1 Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Pristine BNNSs and BNNRs 370 14.2.2 Defects and Doping 370 14.2.3 Edge Modication of BNNRs 375 14.2.4 Surface Modications 37714.3 Experimental Investigations of BNNS Chemistry 383 14.3.1 Direct Liquid Dispersion: Solvents and Melts 383 14.3.2 Noncovalent Chemistry: Surfactants and Polymers 385 14.3.3 Ionic Chemistry: Lewis Acid-Base Interactions 389 14.3.4 Covalent Chemistry: Basal Plane Functionalization and Others 389 14.3.5 Decoration with Inorganic Nanoparticles 392 14.3.6 Conjugates with Biomolecules 396 14.3.7 Doping 39714.4 Summary 400 References 401polymer or ceramic composites, thermal radiators, deep ultraviolet light emitter and lasers, and nanoelectronic devices. As h-BN is nicknamed white graphite, the monolayer BNNSs are often referred to as white graphene (Zeng et al. 2010, Liu et al. 2011).
Bill Lang’s contributions to acoustics at the International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) and to IBM in general (2005)

Although Bill Lang’s accomplishments and key roles in national and international standards and in the formation of INCE are widely recognized, sometimes it has to be remembered that for nearly 35 years he also had a ‘‘day job’’ at the IBM Corporation. His achievements at IBM were no less significant and enduring than those in external standards and professional societies. This paper will highlight some of the accomplishments and activities of Bill Lang as an IBM noise control engineer, the creator of the IBM Acoustics Lab in Poughkeepsie, the founder of the global Acoustics program at IBM, and his many other IBM leadership roles. Bill was also a long-serving IBM manager, with the full set of personnel issues to deal with, so his people-management skills were often called into play. Bill ended his long and fruitful IBM career at a high point. In 1988, he took an original idea of his to the top of IBM executive management, which led directly to the formation of the IBM Academy of Technology, today the preeminent body of IBM top technical leaders from around the world.
Botulinum Neurotoxins B and E Translocate at Different Rates and Exhibit Divergent Responses to GT1b and Low pH (2012)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs, serotypes A-G) are the most deadly substances known. Here, we investigated how BoNT/E, a serotype that causes human botulism, translocates into the cytosol of neurons. Analogous to BoNT/B, BoNT/E required binding of the coreceptor, GT1b, to undergo significant secondary structural changes and transform into a hydrophobic protein at low pH. These data indicate that both serotypes act as coincidence detectors for both GT1b and low pH, to undergo translocation. However, BoNT/E translocated much more rapidly than BoNT/B. Also, BoNT/E required only GT1b, and not low pH, to oligomerize, whereas BoNT/B required both. In further contrast to the case of BoNT/B, low pH alone altered the secondary structure of BoNT/E to some degree and resulted in its premature inactivation. Hence, comparison of two BoNT serotypes revealed that these agents exhibit both convergent and divergent responses to receptor interactions, and pH, in the translocation pathway.
Photoreactive Nitrile Hydratase: The Photoreaction Site Is Located on the Subunit (1996)

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. N-771 exists in active and inactive forms. The inactive NHase is immediately activated by light irradiation and changes to the active form. To characterize the photoreactive center, the inactive NHase was denatured by 6 M urea, and two kinds of subunits (alpha and beta) were separated and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. In a manner similar to the native NHase, the isolated alpha subunit showed two absorption peaks at 280 and 370 nm, which were diminished by light irradiation. However, irradiation failed to elicit the appearance of absorption peaks at around 400 nm and at 710 nm, which were characteristic of the activated enzyme. The beta subunit seemed not to possess any photoreactive chromophore because its absorption spectrum was not altered by light irradiation. Neither of the subunits showed NHase activity before and after light irradiation, but the inactive NHase was reconstituted by incubating the two subunits together in the dark at 4 degrees C for 1 h. Light irradiation of the beta subunit did not affect subsequent complex formation or NHase activity. However, the irradiated alpha subunit could not assemble with the beta subunit, and no activity was recovered. These results demonstrate that the chromophore(s) responsible for the photoactivation of NHase are entirely located on the alpha subunit, and imply that light irradiation induces conformational change of the alpha subunit.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Aspects of the Chemistry of Nitro Compounds (2013)

Abstract Review: ca. 50 refs.
Quality of Isolated Pig Islets is Improved Using Perfluorohexyloctane for Pancreas Storage in a Split Lobe Model (2013)

Pancreas transportation between donor center and islet production facility is frequently associated with prolonged ischemia impairing islet isolation and transplantation outcomes. It is foreseeable that shipment of pig pancreases from distant centralized biosecure breeding facilities to institutes that have a long-term experience in porcine islet isolation is essentially required in future clinical islet xenotransplantation. Previously, we demonstrated that perfluorohexyloctan (F6H8) is significantly more efficient to protect rat and human pancreata from ischemically induced damage compared to perfluorodecalin (PFD). To evaluate the effect of F6H8 on long-term stored pig pancreases in a prospective study, we utilized the split lobe model to minimize donor variability. Retrieved pancreases were dissected into the connecting and splenic lobe, intraductally flushed with UW solution and immersed alternately in either preoxygenated F6H8 or PFD for 8-10 h. Prior to pancreas digestion, the intrapancreatic pO2 and the ratio of ATP-to-inorganic phosphate was compared utilizing 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Isolated islets were cultured for 2-3 days at 37°C and subjected to quality assessment. Pancreatic lobes stored in preoxygenated F6H8 had a significantly higher intrapancreatic pO2 compared to pancreata in oxygen-precharged PFD (10.11 ± 3.87 vs. 1.64 ± 1.13 mmHg, p < 0.05). This correlated with a higher ATP-to-inorganic phosphate ratio (0.30 ± 0.04 vs. 0.14 ± 0.01). No effect was observed concerning yield and purity of freshly isolated islets. Nevertheless, a significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin response, increased viability and postculture survival (57.2 ± 5.7 vs. 39.3 ± 6.4%, p < 0.01) was measured in islets isolated from F6H8-preserved pancreata. The present data suggest that F6H8 does not increase islet yield but improves quality of pig islets isolated after prolonged cold ischemia.
Staring infrared imaging spectroradiometer (1995)

A design approach for developing a staring-dispersive infrared imaging spectroradiometer utilizing a fiber-optic image formatter to simultaneously capture, at rates greater then 100 Hz, 256 high-resolution spectral images of a 2D scene is described. Detailed performance analyses confirm that the spectral radiance within the image scene can be measured to high absolute accuracy. The proposed low-risk prototype, based on commercial off-the-shelf components to minimize the development risk, can be cost-effectively upgraded to a final field instrument through replaceable optical, calibration, and detector modules. Producibility of the design, as described by mechanical layouts and manufacturing drawings of the optical, fiber-optic, and dispersive elements, has been confirmed by independent component manufacturers. The rugged design is sufficiently compact for use in high-performance military aircraft, and can be applied to numerous civilian applications such as environmental cleanup, mineral surveys, vegetation monitoring, and combustion analysis.
A Speech Distortion and Interference Rejection Constraint Beamformer (2011)

Signals captured by a set of microphones in a speech communication system are mixtures of desired and undesired signals and ambient noise. Existing beamformers can be divided into those that preserve or distort the desired signal. Beamformers that preserve the desired signal are, for example, the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer that is supposed, ideally, to reject the undesired signal and reduce the ambient noise power, and the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer that reduces the interference-plus-noise power. The multichannel Wiener filter, on the other hand, reduces the interference-plus-noise power without preserving the desired signal. In this paper, a speech distortion and interference rejection constraint (SDIRC) beamformer is derived that minimizes the ambient noise power subject to specific constraints that allow a tradeoff between speech distortion and interference-plus-noise reduction on the one hand, and undesired signal and ambient noise reductions on the other hand. Closed-form expressions for the performance measures of the SDIRC beamformer are derived and the relations to the aforementioned beamformers are derived. The performance evaluation demonstrates the tradeoffs that can be made using the SDIRC beamformer.
Consistent Modeling of Operational State Data in YANG (2015)

This document proposes an approach for modeling configuration and
operational state data in YANG [RFC6020] that is geared toward network
management systems that require capabilities beyond those typically
envisioned in a NETCONF-based management system. The document presents
the requirements of such systems and proposes a modeling approach to
meet these requirements, along with implications and design patterns
for modeling operational state in YANG.
Novel Non‐Benzimidazole chk2 Kinase Inhibitors. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
AGC on Android Devices for GNSS (2021)

In the recent years, the threat of radio frequency interference (RFI) to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers has been increasing due to an escalating number of RFI related GNSS issues, and enhanced complexity of jammers and spoofers. This poses significant integrity threats to various systems that depend on GNSS measurements for navigation and guidance. One of the most versatile methods to detect such instances of spoofing is the use of Automatic Gain Control (AGC) measurements provided by GNSS receivers. AGC is indicative of the change in thermal noise levels observed by the frontend of the receiver, thus it can be used to detect presence of RFI. If AGC is coupled with the carrier to noise ratio density (??/????) values of visible GNSS satellites, it is possible to gain insight into which specific constellations or satellites may have been spoofed. Although AGC has been available in some commercial GNSS receivers and customized frontends for some time, the introduction of raw GNSS measurements in Android 7 has recently allowed it to be accessible in some smartphones as well. This study looks at AGC measurements from multiple smartphone models which have different GNSS chipsets, assesses their behavior under RFI, points out the current limitations, and proposes future improvements that would assist in its usage as a GNSS RFI indicator. Furthermore, the paper discusses the future of AGC measurements that would assist in broadening their applications to all GNSS receivers.
Long-term carrier-envelope-phase-stable few-cycle pulses by use of the feed-forward method (2012)

The feed-forward technique has recently revolutionized carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization, enabling unprecedented values of residual phase jitter. Nevertheless, its demonstrations have hitherto remained in a proof-of-principle state. Here we show that pulse quality and power issues can be solved, leading to few-cycle pulses with good beam quality. Making use of stable interferometers, we achieve day-long CEP-stable operation of the setup. Out-of-loop RMS phase noise amounts to less than 30 mrad in 20 s, with more than 24 h of CEP-locked operation being demonstrated.
Comparative transcriptome and translatome analysis in contrasting rice genotypes reveals differential mRNA translation in salt-tolerant Pokkali under salt stress (2018)

Under salt stress, Pok is more efficient in maintaining cell wall integrity, detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS), translocating molecules and maintaining photosynthesis. The present study confirmed the known salt stress-associated genes and also identified a number of putative new salt-responsive genes. Most importantly, the study revealed that the translational regulation under salinity plays an important role in salt-tolerant Pok, but such regulation was less evident in the salt-sensitive IR29.
Relationship between Child Sexual Abuse, Psychiatric Disorders and Infectious Diseases: A Matched-Cohort Study (2020)

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been strongly associated with a range of psychological and physical problems in childhood and adulthood, such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and infectious diseases. Despite the strength of these associations, no studies to date have investigated psychobiological processes that might underlie the relationship between CSA and physical health problems occurring during childhood, such as infectious diseases. The goal of the current study is to evaluate PTSD as a potential mediator between CSA and the occurrence of infectious diseases among children and adolescents. Furthermore, we postulate that PTSD plays a specific role as an indicator of chronic stress during childhood, in comparison to other mental disorders, such as anxious and non-anxious disorders (e.g., depression). Via a prospective matched-cohort design, administrative data were used to document PTSD, anxious and non-anxious disorders, and infectious diseases. The sample size was 882 persons with a substantiated report of sexual abuse and 882 matched controls. Negative binomial regressions revealed that CSA is associated with a greater number of anxious diseases diagnoses that, in turn, predict more infectious diseases diagnoses. These findings highlight the importance of preventing and intervening among sexually abused youth with anxious disorder symptoms to limit negative outcomes on physical health.
Appendix: Random Variables (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: A.1 Review of Univariate Random Variables, A.2: Some Common Probability Distributions
3D-Printed Labware for High-Throughput Immobilization of Enzymes (2020)

In continuous flow biocatalysis, chemical transformations can occur under milder, greener, more scalable, and safer conditions than conventional organic synthesis. However, the method typically involves extensive screening to optimize each enzyme's immobilization on its solid support material. The task of weighing solids for large numbers of experiments poses a bottleneck for screening enzyme immobilization conditions. For example, screening conditions often require multiple replicates exploring different support chemistries, buffer compositions, and temperatures. Thus, we report 3D-printed labware designed to measure and handle solids in multichannel format and expedite screening of enzyme immobilization conditions. To demonstrate the generality of these advances, alkaline phosphatase, glucose dehydrogenase, and laccase were screened for immobilization efficiency on seven resins. The results illustrate the requirements for optimization of each enzyme's loading and resin choice for optimal catalytic performance. Here, 3D-printed labware can decrease the requirements for an experimentalist's time by >95%. The approach to rapid optimization of enzyme immobilization is applicable to any enzyme and many solid support resins. Furthermore, the reported devices deliver precise and accurate aliquots of essentially any granular solid material.
Delayed expression of apoptosis in human lymphoma cells undergoing low-dose taxol-induced mitotic stress (2003)

The links between low-dose range taxol-induced mitotic arrest and the subsequent engagement of apoptosis are important for identifying the routes to therapeutic action. Here we have investigated the timing of cell-cycle perturbation and cell death responses following continuous exposure to clinically relevant drug concentrations (1–20 nM). Following 8 h of exposure to taxol, the cell line DoHH2 (p53 wild type) exhibited mitotic arrest and engagement of apoptosis, whereas the cell line SU-DHL-4 (p53 mutant) breached cell-cycle arrest with progression to an abnormal cycle and a 24 h delay in the engagement of apoptosis. Imaging showed equivalent dysfunction of mitotic spindles in both cell lines. The results of kinetic analyses indicated that although cell death may occur at different stages of progression through mitosis and subsequent cell cycles, the overall kinetics of cell death relate to the rate of arrival at a critical event window in the cell cycle. We propose a simple model of low-dose taxol-induced cell death for cycling populations in which mitotic stress acts as a primary trigger for apoptosis with equivalent but potentially delayed outcomes. This view provides a rationale for the clinical effectiveness of this agent, independent of the initial capacity of the tumour cell to engage apoptosis due, for example, to mutant p53 expression. The results provide a perspective for the design of combination regimens that include low-dose taxol and a component that may disturb mitotic delivery.
Analysis of Serine Codon Conservation Reveals Diverse Phenotypic Constraints on Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein Evolution (2013)

Serine is encoded by two divergent codon types, UCN and AGY, which are not interchangeable by a single nucleotide substitution. Switching between codon types therefore occurs via intermediates (threonine or cysteine) or via simultaneous tandem substitutions. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 2 to 3% of the global population. The highly variable glycoproteins E1 and E2 decorate the surface of the viral envelope, facilitate cellular entry, and are targets for host immunity. Comparative sequence analysis of globally sampled E1E2 genes, coupled with phylogenetic analysis, reveals the signatures of multiple archaic codon-switching events at seven highly conserved serine residues. Limited detection of intermediate phenotypes indicates that associated fitness costs restrict their fixation in divergent HCV lineages. Mutational pathways underlying codon switching were probed via reverse genetics, assessing glycoprotein functionality using multiple in vitro systems. These data demonstrate selection against intermediate phenotypes can act at the structural/functional level, with some intermediates displaying impaired virion assembly and/or decreased capacity for target cell entry. These effects act in residue/isolate-specific manner. Selection against intermediates is also provided by humoral targeting, with some intermediates exhibiting increased epitope exposure and enhanced neutralization sensitivity, despite maintaining a capacity for target cell entry. Thus, purifying selection against intermediates limits their frequencies in globally sampled strains, with divergent functional constraints at the protein level restricting the fixation of deleterious mutations. Overall our study provides an experimental framework for identification of barriers limiting viral substitutional evolution and indicates that serine codon-switching represents a genomic "fossil record" of historical purifying selection against E1E2 intermediate phenotypes.
Role of junction depth in light emission from silicon p-i-n leds (2013)

We present a study of lateral silicon p-i-n light-emitting diodes, fabricated on SOI substrates. The p+ and n+ junctions were varied between conventional and ultra-shallow, utilizing pure-B and pure-P doping techniques. The impact of junction changes on both current-voltage behavior and light emission is discussed, based on experimental results and device modeling. The results stipulate that only a balanced carrier injection leads to efficient light emission and that uniform light emission across the intrinsic region can be obtained with a well-chosen p-i-n architecture.
Electro-optic characterization of synthesized infrared-visible light fields (2022)

The measurement and control of light field oscillations enable the study of ultrafast phenomena on sub-cycle time scales. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) is a powerful field characterization approach, in terms of both sensitivity and dynamic range, but it has not reached beyond infrared frequencies. Here, we show the synthesis of a sub-cycle infrared-visible pulse and subsequent complete electric field characterization using EOS. The sampled bandwidth spans from 700 nm to 2700 nm (428 to 110 THz). Tailored electric-field waveforms are generated with a two-channel field synthesizer in the infrared-visible range, with a full-width at half-maximum duration as short as 3.8 fs at a central wavelength of 1.7 µm (176 THz). EOS detection of the complete bandwidth of these waveforms extends it into the visible spectral range. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we use the sub-cycle transients to inject carriers in a thin quartz sample for nonlinear photoconductive field sampling with sub-femtosecond resolution.