gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Phase II Study of Lutetium-177–Labeled Anti-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Monoclonal Antibody J591 for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To assess the efficacy of a single infusion of radiolabeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 (lutetium-177; &lt;sup&gt;177&lt;/sup&gt;Lu) by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, measurable disease response, and survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In this dual-center phase II study, two cohorts with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer received one dose of &lt;sup&gt;177&lt;/sup&gt;Lu-J591 (15 patients at 65 mCi/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, 17 at 70 mCi/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) with radionuclide imaging. Expansion cohort (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 15) received 70 mCi/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; to verify response rate and examine biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Forty-seven patients who progressed after hormonal therapies (55.3% also received prior chemotherapy) received &lt;sup&gt;177&lt;/sup&gt;Lu-J591. A total of 10.6% experienced ≥50% decline in PSA, 36.2% experienced ≥30% decline, and 59.6% experienced any PSA decline following their single treatment. One of 12 with measurable disease experienced a partial radiographic response (8 with stable disease). Sites of prostate cancer metastases were targeted in 44 of 47 (93.6%) as determined by planar imaging. All experienced reversible hematologic toxicity, with grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurring in 46.8% (29.8% received platelet transfusions) without significant hemorrhage. A total of 25.5% experienced grade 4 neutropenia, with one episode of febrile neutropenia. The phase I maximum tolerated dose (70 mCi/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) resulted in more 30% PSA declines (46.9% vs. 13.3%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.048) and longer survival (21.8 vs. 11.9 months, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03), but also more grade 4 hematologic toxicity and platelet transfusions. No serious nonhematologic toxicity occurred. Those with poor PSMA imaging were less likely to respond.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A single dose of &lt;sup&gt;177&lt;/sup&gt;Lu-J591 was well tolerated with reversible myelosuppression. Accurate tumor targeting and PSA responses were seen with evidence of dose response. Imaging biomarkers seem promising. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 5182–91. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Structured Convolution Matrices for Energy-efficient Deep learning (2016)

We derive a relationship between network representation in energy-efficient neuromorphic architectures and block Toplitz convolutional matrices. Inspired by this connection, we develop deep convolutional networks using a family of structured convolutional matrices and achieve state-of-the-art trade-off between energy efficiency and classification accuracy for well-known image recognition tasks. We also put forward a novel method to train binary convolutional networks by utilising an existing connection between noisy-rectified linear units and binary activations.
DCT based interpolation filter for motion compensation in HEVC (2012)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) draft standard has a challenging goal to improve coding efficiency twice compare to H.264/AVC. Many aspects of the traditional hybrid coding framework were improved during new standard development. Motion compensated prediction, in particular the interpolation filter, is one area that was improved significantly over H.264/AVC. This paper presents the details of the interpolation filter design of the draft HEVC standard. The coding efficiency improvements over H.264/AVC interpolation filter is studied and experimental results are presented, which show a 4.0% average bitrate reduction for Luma component and 11.3% average bitrate reduction for Chroma component. The coding efficiency gains are significant for some video sequences and can reach up 21.7%.
Public-key Cryptography from Different Assumptions - A Multi-bit Version (2013)

International audience
Publisher Correction: COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 25th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Workgroup (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Experimental study of the effect of turbulence on rise time and waveform of spark-produced N waves. (1991)

Typical measured sonic boom rise times are two to five times longer than rise times calculated using molecular relaxation theory [J. Kang, Ph. D. thesis, Pennsylvania State Univ. (May 1991); A. D. Pierce and V. W. Sparrow, NASA First Annual High-Speed Research Workshop, Williamsburg, Virginia, May 1991]. Pierce etal. have proposed that the difference is due to atmospheric turbulence. A model experiment has been set up to study the influence of turbulence on waveform and rise time of spark-produced N waves. The N waves propagate through turbulence generated by a plane jet. The model turbulence is scaled down from atmospheric turbulence by approximately the same factor as the model N wave is scaled down from the sonic boom. Our experiments show that passage through the turbulence produces a wide variety of changes in the N waveform. Spiked and rounded N waves are observed, and average rise time is increased by a factor of about 2. A tentative observation based on data obtained so far is that turbulence never decreases rise time. [Work supported by NASA.]
Separate intracellular pathways for insulin receptor recycling and insulin degradation in isolated rat adipocytes (1983)

To gain insight into the sequence of events that follow endocytotic uptake of insulin receptor complexes, we have examined the interrelationship between the degradative pathway of the insulin ligand and the recycling pathway of the insulin receptor. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and other nonamphoteric amines were found to selectively impair insulin receptor recycling while leaving the insulin-degradative pathway intact. In contrast, low concentrations of the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine markedly inhibited intracellular insulin degradation but had little or no affect on the recycling of internalized receptors. Thus, we conclude: (1) that insulin dissociates from its receptor after endocytotic uptake and both receptor and ligand follow a separate intracellular pathway; and (2) that receptor recycling and insulin degradation can be selectively inhibited by Tris and chloroquine, respectively, highlighting the potential usefulness of these agents as intracellular probes in the study of receptor-ligand metabolism.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Chelation as a Vehicle for Low‐Temperature Semiconductor Element and Polymer Deposition (2020)

Abstract The stabilization of silicon(II) and germanium(II) dihydrides by an intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) ligand, PB , i Pr 2 P(C 6 H 4 )BCy 2 (Cy=cyclohexyl) is reported. The resulting hydride complexes [PB{SiH 2 }] and [PB{GeH 2 }] are indefinitely stable at room temperature, yet can deposit films of silicon and germanium, respectively, upon mild thermolysis in solution. Hallmarks of this work include: 1) the ability to recycle the FLP phosphine‐borane ligand ( PB ) after element deposition, and 2) the single‐source precursor [PB{SiH 2 }] deposits Si films at a record low temperature from solution (110 °C). The dialkylsilicon(II) adduct [PB{SiMe 2 }] was also prepared, and shown to release poly(dimethylsilane) [SiMe 2 ] n upon heating. Overall, this study introduces a “closed loop” deposition strategy for semiconductors that steers materials science away from the use of harsh reagents or high temperatures.
Detection of Soluble ST2 in Human Follicular Fluid and Luteinized Granulosa Cells (2013)

Follicular fluid (FF) contains various cytokines that are involved with folliculogenesis, some of which have been shown to be associated with oocyte quality and the implantation potential of a resulting embryo. Several IL-1 family members have previously been identified in FF. This study investigates a newly identified member of the family, IL-33, and its receptor ST2, comparing values to those of FF Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)--a known predictor of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) success. FF was collected from patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) at oocyte retrieval to analyse IL-33 and sST2 expression in human follicles. sST2, but not IL-33, is highly increased in the FF compared to plasma levels (up to 7.9-fold), with higher levels in larger follicles (p<0.05). Furthermore, we identify that human luteinised granulosa cells are one possible source of the FF sST2, as these cells express and secrete sST2 when cultured ex vivo. FF associated with oocytes which when fertilised develop into good quality embryos have higher sST2 levels than those which are graded average (p<0.01). These embryos were transferred to the patient and levels of FF sST2 compared between successful and unsuccessful ICSI cycles. However unlike G-CSF, sST2 levels cannot be used to predict cycle outcome.
Chemical Synthesis of an Erythropoietin Glycoform Containing a Complex‐type Disialyloligosaccharide (2012)

New and improved: New reaction conditions for tert-Boc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis make acid-labile sialyloligosaccharyl peptide α-thioesters accessible. To demonstrate this, a sialyloligosaccharyl-erythropoietin glycoform (see picture) with 166 amino acid residues was synthesized.
Ensemble Monte Carlo for III-V and Si n-channel FinFETs considering non-equilibrium degenerate statistics and quantum-confined scattering (2016)

Particle-based ensemble semi-classical Monte Carlo (MC) methods employ quantum corrections (QCs) to address quantum confinement and degenerate carrier populations to model tomorrow's ultra-scaled MOSFETs. Here we present new approaches to quantum confinement and carrier degeneracy effects in a three-dimensional (3D) MC device simulator, and illustrate their significance through simulation of n-channel Si and III-V FinFETs. Original contributions include our treatment of far-from-equilibrium degenerate statistics and QC-based modeling of surface-roughness scattering, as well as considering quantum-confined phonon and impurity scattering in 3D. Typical MC simulations approximate degenerate carrier populations as Fermi distributions to model the Pauli-blocking (PB) of scattering to occupied final states. To allow for increasingly far-from-equilibrium non-Fermi carrier distributions in ultra-scaled devices, we instead generate the final-state occupation probabilities used for PB by sampling the local carrier populations as a function of energy and energy valley. This process is aided by the use of fractional carriers or sub-carriers, which minimizes classical carrier-carrier scattering. Quantum confinement effects are addressed through quantum-correction potentials (QCPs) generated from Schrödinger-Poisson solvers, as commonly done. However, we use our valley- and orientation-dependent QCPs not just to redistribute carriers in real space, or even among energy valleys, but also to calculate confinement-dependent phonon, impurity, and surface-roughness scattering rates. FinFET simulations are used to illustrate how, collectively, these quantum effects can substantially reduce and even eliminate otherwise expected benefits of In$_{\text{0.53}}$Ga$_{\text{0.47}}$As FinFETs over otherwise identical Si FinFETs, despite higher thermal velocities in In$_{\text{0.53}}$Ga$_{\text{0.47}}$As.
Single-Photon Tracking for High-Speed Vision (2018)

Quanta Imager Sensors provide photon detections at high frame rates, with negligible read-out noise, making them ideal for high-speed optical tracking. At the basic level of bit-planes or binary maps of photon detections, objects may present limited detail. However, through motion estimation and spatial reassignment of photon detections, the objects can be reconstructed with minimal motion artefacts. We here present the first demonstration of high-speed two-dimensional (2D) tracking and reconstruction of rigid, planar objects with a Quanta Image Sensor, including a demonstration of depth-resolved tracking.
An Approximate Solution for Symbol-Level Multiuser Precoding Using Support Recovery (2019)

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity method to approximately solve the SINR-constrained optimization problem of symbol-level precoding (SLP). First, assuming a generic modulation scheme, the precoding optimization problem is recast as a standard non-negative least squares (NNLS). Then, we improve an existing closed-form SLP (CF-SLP) scheme using the conditions for nearly perfect recovery of the optimal solution support, followed by solving a reduced system of linear equations. We show through simulation results that in comparison with the CF-SLP method, the improved approximate solution of this paper, referred to as ICF-SLP, significantly enhances the performance with a negligible increase in complexity. We also provide comparisons with a fast-converging iterative NNLS algorithm, where it is shown that the ICF-SLP method is comparable in performance to the iterative algorithm with a limited maximum number of iterations. Analytic discussions on the complexities of different methods are provided, verifying the computational efficiency of the proposed method. Our results further indicate that the ICF-SLP scheme performs quite close to the optimal SLP, particularly in the large system regime.
The antimalarial amodiaquine causes autophagic-lysosomal and proliferative blockade sensitizing human melanoma cells to starvation- and chemotherapy-induced cell death (2013)

Pharmacological inhibition of autophagic-lysosomal function has recently emerged as a promising strategy for chemotherapeutic intervention targeting cancer cells. Repurposing approved and abandoned non-oncological drugs is an alternative approach to the identification and development of anticancer therapeutics, and antimalarials that target autophagic-lysosomal functions have recently attracted considerable attention as candidates for oncological repurposing. Since cumulative research suggests that dependence on autophagy represents a specific vulnerability of malignant melanoma cells, we screened a focused compound library of antimalarials for antimelanoma activity. Here we report for the first time that amodiaquine (AQ), a clinical 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial with unexplored cancer-directed chemotherapeutic potential, causes autophagic-lysosomal and proliferative blockade in melanoma cells that surpasses that of its parent compound chloroquine. Monitoring an established set of protein markers (LAMP1, LC3-II, SQSTM1) and cell ultrastructural changes detected by electron microscopy, we observed that AQ treatment caused autophagic-lysosomal blockade in malignant A375 melanoma cells, a finding substantiated by detection of rapid inactivation of lysosomal cathepsins (CTSB, CTSL, CTSD). AQ-treatment was associated with early induction of energy crisis (ATP depletion) and sensitized melanoma cells to either starvation- or chemotherapeutic agent-induced cell death. AQ displayed potent antiproliferative effects, and gene expression array analysis revealed changes at the mRNA (CDKN1A, E2F1) and protein level (TP53, CDKN1A, CCND1, phospho-RB1 [Ser 780]/[Ser 807/811], E2F1) consistent with the observed proliferative blockade in S-phase. Taken together, our data suggest that the clinical antimalarial AQ is a promising candidate for repurposing efforts that aim at targeting autophagic-lysosomal function and proliferative control in malignant melanoma cells.
A quantum mechanical approach to the kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction reaction H2O2 + •OH → HO2 + H2O (2005)

Abstract The kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction from H 2 O 2 by • OH has been modeled with MP2/6‐31G*//MP2/6‐31G*, MP2‐SAC//MP2/6‐31G*, MP2/6‐31+G**//MP2/6‐31+G**, MP2‐SAC// MP2/6‐31+G**, MP4(SDTQ)/6‐311G**//MP2/6‐31G*, CCSD(T)/6‐31G*//CCSD(T)/6‐31G*, CCSD(T)/6‐31G**//CCSD(T)/6‐31G**, CCSD(T)/6‐311++G**//MP2/6‐31G* in the gas phase. MD simulations have been used to generate initial geometries for the stationary points along the potential energy surface for hydrogen abstraction from H 2 O 2 . The effective fragment potential (EFP) has been used to optimize the relevant structures in solution. Furthermore, the IEFPCM model has been used for the supermolecules generated via MD calculations. IEFPCM/MP2/6‐31G* and IEFPCM/CCSD(T)/6‐31G* calculations have also been performed for structures without explicit water molecules. Experimentally, the rate constant for hydrogen abstraction by • OH drops from 1.75 × 10 −12 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 in the gas phase to 4.48 × 10 −14 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 in solution. The same trend has been reproduced best with MP4 (SDTQ)/6‐311G**//MP2/6‐31G* in the gas phase (0.415 × 10 −12 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ) and with EFP (UHF/6‐31G*) in solution (3.23 × 10 −14 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 502–514, 2005
A Review of Steel Scrap Melting in Molten Iron‐Carbon Melts (2019)

In the current economic climate, the recycling of steel scrap is become one of the most interesting tasks for the optimization of integrated steel plants. Steelmaking aspects such as jet/bath interaction, slag formation or foaming, lime dissolution as well as slag/metal reactions have received more attention in recent years than the melting and dissolution phenomena of steel scrap in molten steel baths. Since the dynamic modeling of steelmaking processes ‐ especially the Linz Donawitz oxygen steelmaking process (LD) ‐ is becoming more important, interest in the melting and dissolution behaviour is increasing. Several researchers have investigated the complex transactions of coupled heat and mass transfer in the past. Small‐scale experiments are carried out under conditions where only mass transfer or heat transfer were considered. A few authors have reported on pilot‐scale investigations or commercial converters. The coupled heat and mass transfer has also been analyzed by several authors in mathematical models and numerical simulations. The present paper reviews the research on steel scrap melting and dissolution done in the last 50 years. A summary of all reported heat and mass transfer coefficients will be given and the differences between natural and forced convection will be explained. In addition, an overview of recently published numerical simulation describing the problem will give an outlook for future work.
Two Distinct Regions of Loss on Chromosome Arm 4q in Primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2000)

<h3>Objective</h3> To more clearly define the frequency and the regions of chromosome arm 4q loss in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. <h3>Design</h3> A retrospective microsatellite analysis of DNA from previously microdissected primary tumor samples. <h3>Setting</h3> Academic medical center. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> One hundred primary tumor samples from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity on the long arm of chromosome 4. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival for 97 patients for whom clinical data were available. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare survival, and logistic regression was used to search for associations between clinical tumor characteristics and 4q status. <h3>Results</h3> Analysis of 33 polymorphic microsatellite markers identified 51 samples (51%) exhibiting loss of heterozygosity of 4q in at least 1 locus. Eighteen tumors revealed loss at all informative markers, indicating monosomy or complete deletion of 4q. Thirty-three tumors displayed partial loss of heterozygosity and delineated 2 minimal areas of loss at 4q2324 and 4q2829. Eleven tumors displayed loss solely at the 4q2324 region, 13 tumors displayed deletions confined to the 4q2829 region, and 9 tumors displayed selective loss at both regions. A separate analysis in a subset of 94 primary head and neck tumors was done to further delineate the minimal area of chromosomal loss at 4q2324. Analysis of 8 markers in this region allowed us to identify the smallest region of loss between markers<i>D4S2986</i>and<i>D4S1564</i>(a distance of 2 centimorgans). Review of the clinical records of 97 patients revealed no statistically significant association between 4q status and any clinical variable, including survival. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results confirm a high frequency of chromosome arm 4q loss in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and might demarcate 2 novel putative suppressor loci involved in progression of this carcinoma.
Early Detection and Correction of Cerebral Desaturation With Noninvasive Oxy-Hemoglobin, Deoxy-Hemoglobin, and Total Hemoglobin in Cardiac Surgery: A Case Series (2022)

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rS o 2 ) obtained from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides valuable information during cardiac surgery. The rS o 2 is calculated from the proportion of oxygenated to total hemoglobin in the cerebral vasculature. Root O3 cerebral oximetry (Masimo) allows for individual identification of changes in total (ΔcHbi), oxygenated (Δ o 2 Hbi), and deoxygenated (ΔHHbi) hemoglobin spectral absorptions. Variations in these parameters from baseline help identify the underlying mechanisms of cerebral desaturation. This case series represents the first preliminary description of Δ o 2 Hbi, ΔHHbi, and ΔcHbi variations in 10 cardiac surgical settings. Hemoglobin spectral absorption changes can be classified according to 3 distinct variations of cerebral desaturation. Reduced cerebral oxygen content or increased cerebral metabolism without major blood flow changes is reflected by decreased Δ o 2 Hbi, unchanged ΔcHbi, and increased ΔHHbi Reduced cerebral arterial blood flow is suggested by decreased Δ o 2 Hbi and ΔcHbi, with variable ΔHHbi. Finally, acute cerebral congestion may be suspected with increased ΔHHbi and ΔcHbi with unchanged Δ o 2 Hbi. Cerebral desaturation can also result from mixed mechanisms reflected by variable combination of those 3 patterns. Normal cerebral saturation can occur, where reduced cerebral oxygen content such as anemia is balanced by a reduction in cerebral oxygen consumption such as during hypothermia. A summative algorithm using rS o 2 , Δ o 2 Hbi, ΔHHbi, and ΔcHbi is proposed. Further explorations involving more patients should be performed to establish the potential role and limitations of monitoring hemoglobin spectral absorption signals.
Analytic solutions for optimized ellipsometric measurements of interfaces and surface layers in thin film structures (1993)

Abstract The maximum experimental sensitivity in ellipsometric measurements for samples that include a composite (two-layer) film on a substrate is treated with mathematical generality. A detailed theoretical computation is made for a system consisting of a moderately thick film on a substrate and including either an interface layer between the film and substrate or a thin surface layer on top of the moderately thick film. Analytical conditions for the sensitivity of p or s wave suppression are determined. For the air/SiO 2 /Si system a numerical calculation is performed to determine the optimum sensitivity for interfacial layer studies.