gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum Cerenkov Radiation: Spectral Cutoffs and the Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum (2016)

We show that the well-known Cerenkov effect contains new phenomena arising from the quantum nature of charged particles. The Cerenkov transition amplitudes allow coupling between the charged particle and the emitted photon through their orbital angular momentum and spin, by scattering into preferred angles and polarizations. Importantly, the spectral response reveals a discontinuity immediately below a frequency cutoff that can occur in the optical region. Near this cutoff, the intensity of the conventional Cerenkov radiation (CR) is very small but still finite, while our quantum calculation predicts exactly zero intensity above the cutoff. Below that cutoff, with proper shaping of electron beams (ebeams), we predict that the traditional CR angle splits into two distinctive cones of photonic shockwaves. One of the shockwaves can move along a backward cone, otherwise considered impossible for conventional CR in ordinary matter. Our findings are observable for ebeams with realistic parameters, offering new applications including novel quantum optics sources, and opening a new realm for Cerenkov detectors involving the spin and orbital angular momentum of charged particles.
Synthesis and surface characterization of copoly(imide alkyl ether)s containing pendant fluoroalkyl groups (2014)

ABSTRACT A series of copoly(imide alkyl ether)s were synthesized to explore surface migration of fluorinated alkyl ether blocks (AEFO)s. Mechanical and surface properties of solution cast, thermally imidized films were determined. Incorporation of the AEFO oligomers at loading levels up to 5 wt % resulted in a slight decrease (usually less than 10%) in tensile modulus. Surface migration of the AEFOs raised the advancing water contact angle from approximately 80° to above 95° for the copolymer systems. The composition at which addition of more AEFO further increased water contact angle values was related to the number of fluorine atoms in the perfluorinated side chains. Surface excess concentration of the AEFO at different loading levels was calculated from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. At higher AEFO loading levels, the surface excess concentration was relatively constant suggesting formation of stable structures within the bulk similar to micelle formation in surfactant solutions. Based on these results, it was determined that surface saturation occurred with the fluorinated AEFO species at loading levels as low as 1 wt % engendering changes in surface properties while retaining the bulk imide properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41538.
Nanoelectromechanical systems face the future (2001)

In The late 1950s visionary physicist Richard Feynman issued a public challenge by offering $1000 to the first person to create an electrical motor "smaller than 1/64th of an inch". Much to Feynman's consternation the young man who met this challenge, William McLellan, did so by investing many tedious and painstaking hours building the device by hand using tweezers and a microscope (figure 1).
Membrane Potential-Dependent Effects of SC-36602, a New Class I Antiarrhythmic Agent on Cardiac Action Potentials (1987)

The in vitro electrophysiological properties of a new class I antiarrhythmic agent, SC-36602, were evaluated by recording action potentials (APs) from guinea pig papillary muscle. SC-36602 and its (+) and (-) enantiomers (10(-6)-10(-4) M) caused a concentration- and only slight frequency-dependent depression of Vmax (maximum rate of rise of the AP). At stimulation rates of 30, 60, 120, and 200 pulses/min, SC-36602 (10(-4) M) reduced Vmax to 64 +/- 2.2, 62 +/- 2.8, 60 +/- 2.4, and 58 +/- 2.7% of control, respectively, and significantly shortened effective refractory period (ERP) (20-40%). The rate constants for onset of block of Vmax during trains of stimuli at 1 or 3.3 Hz were similar (approximately 0.2 AP-1). Slow recovery from Vmax block following a stimulus train recorded in tissue depolarized by 10 mM [K+]o Tyrode's solution was enhanced following exposure to SC-36602. The normalized relationship between Vmax and membrane potential was shifted 3 and 12 mV in the hyperpolarizing direction at stimulation frequencies of 0.2 and 1 Hz, respectively. These results suggest that SC-36602 would preferentially depress conduction in depolarized tissue in vivo.
Projector and Backprojector for Iterative CT Reconstruction with Blobs using CUDA (2011)

Aiming at modeling the systems geometry correctly accounting for the major effects influencing image quality within an iterative reconstruction framework we want to achieve this within reasonable processing times. This principle objective led us to using blobs for imagerepresentation and a dedicated GPU hardware implementation. Making extensive use of the texture interpolation capabilities of CUDA and implementing an asymmetric projector/backprojector pair we achieve reasonable processing times and good system modeling at the same time.We conclude from the above results that using GPUs and adequate implementations of the projectors, iterative reconstruction using blobsfor image representation becomes feasible. This, along with avoiding re-sampling, will allow us to apply detailed system modeling for enhanced resolution/noise tradeoff.
Two-phase oxidation of toluene derivatives by dioxygen using the 3-cyano-1-decylquinolinium ion as a photocatalyst (2016)

The two-phase photocatalytic oxidation of toluene by O<sub>2</sub> occurred efficiently using the 3-cyano-1-decylquinolinium ion in toluene with H<sub>2</sub>O to produce the oxygenated products in the organic phase and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the aqueous phase.
Physics-based encapsulation in embedded software for distributed sensing and control applications (2003)

Spatial Aggregation abstracts data arising from distributed embedded sensing and control applications as a set of so-called spatio-temporal objects. Locality and continuity in the underlying physics of a problem domain give rise to spatially coherent and temporally contiguous objects in an appropriate metric space. Once parameterized by physical properties such as location, intensity (e.g., light, temperature, pressure), and motion (e.g., velocity), these objects can be aggregated and abstracted into more abstract descriptions. Applications are written as the creation and transformation of these abstract objects. We illustrate how these objects naturally arise from applications such as distributed sensing and actuation, and use an air-jet table system to demonstrate how such a physics-based encapsulation modularizes the design of sensing and control software. Unlike in traditional software design, where objects and operations are defined mathematically and possess a semantics independent of possible implementations, the objects in distributed embedded software are defined by the physics of the application, algorithmic considerations, and task requirements, as well as optimization criteria. The air-jet table example demonstrates that the grouping and abstraction of actuation devices are determined by laws of motion, the type of force allocation algorithms used, and the desired performance of the controller; this encapsulation greatly simplifies the design and implementation of a force allocation algorithm for the system and improves software modularity. Based on our practical experiences in designing several massively distributed sensing and actuation systems, we present a set of recommendations for distributed embedded software modeling and design.
Poly[trans-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)vinylene]: a low band-gap polymer with rapid redox switching capabilities between conducting transmissive and insulating absorptive states (1995)

trans-Bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)vinylene is synthesized and electrochemically polymerized to give poly[trans-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)vinylene](PBEDOT-V) which exhibits a band gap of 1.4 eV and can be rapidly switched between insulating deep purple absorptive and highly conducting light blue transmissive states.
Intrinsic Magnetism of Grain Boundaries in Two-Dimensional Metal Dichalcogenides (2013)

Grain boundaries (GBs) are structural imperfections that typically degrade the performance of materials. Here we show that dislocations and GBs in two-dimensional (2D) metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) can actually improve the material by giving it a qualitatively new physical property: magnetism. The dislocations studied all display a substantial magnetic moment of ∼1 Bohr magneton. In contrast, dislocations in other well-studied 2D materials are typically nonmagnetic. GBs composed of pentagon-heptagon pairs interact ferromagnetically and transition from semiconductor to half-metal or metal as a function of tilt angle and/or doping level. When the tilt angle exceeds 47°, the structural energetics favor square-octagon pairs and the GB becomes an antiferromagnetic semiconductor. These exceptional magnetic properties arise from interplay of dislocation-induced localized states, doping, and locally unbalanced stoichiometry. Purposeful engineering of topological GBs may be able to convert MX2 into a promising 2D magnetic semiconductor.
A dynamic slot assignment scheme for slave-to-slave and multicast-like communication in Bluetooth personal area networks (2004)

Bluetooth is a radio technology for wireless personal area networking (WPAN) operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band. The Bluetooth MAC protocol is based on the master/slave concept wherein any communication between slave devices has to go through the master. While this model provides for simplicity, it incurs longer delay between any two slave devices due to far from optimal packet forwarding, the use of double the bandwidth, and also it wastes additional energy at the master. Moreover, if more than two devices want to communicate as a group, this can only be achieved by either multiple unicast transmissions or a piconet-wide broadcast, clearly resulting in inefficiency. We propose a novel dynamic slot assignment (DSA) scheme whereby the master device dynamically assigns slots to slaves so as to allow them to communicate directly with each other without master intervention. This proposed mechanism also provides for quality of service (QoS) requests, and multi-device conversation by which a multicast-like communication is implemented within a piconet. Through extensive simulation, we observe that this mechanism greatly enhances Bluetooth performance in terms of delay and throughput while incurring extremely low overhead.
ElectroDermis (2019)

Wearables have emerged as an increasingly promising interactive platform, imbuing the human body with always-available computational capabilities. This unlocks a wide range of applications, including discreet information access, health monitoring, fitness, and fashion. However, unlike previous platforms, wearable electronics require structural conformity, must be comfortable for the wearer, and should be soft, elastic, and aesthetically appealing. We envision a future where electronics can be temporarily attached to the body (like bandages or party masks), but in functional and aesthetically pleasing ways. Towards this vision, we introduce ElectroDermis, a fabrication approach that simplifies the creation of highly-functional and stretchable wearable electronics that are conformal and fully untethered by discretizing rigid circuit boards into individual components. These individual components are wired together using stretchable electrical wiring and assembled on a spandex blend fabric, to provide high functionality in a robust form-factor that is reusable. We describe our system in detail- including our fabrication parameters and its operational limits-which we hope researchers and practitioners can leverage. We describe a series of example applications that illustrate the feasibility and utility of our system. Overall, we believe ElectroDermis offers a complementary approach to wearable electronics-one that places value on the notion of impermanence (i.e., unlike tattoos and implants), better conforming to the dynamic nature of the human body.
Treatment, short‐term outcomes, and costs associated with larynx cancer care in commercially insured patients (2017)

2c. Laryngoscope, 128:91-101, 2018.
Manufacturing and characterization of in-situ alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu by laser powder bed fusion (2020)

Biofunctionalization of Ti6Al4V alloy with metallic agents like Ag or Cu is a promising approach to add antibacterial properties and thus to reduce the risk of implant failure. This research investigates the in-situ alloying of Ti6Al4V(ELI) with 3 at.% Cu powders using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). The morphology and geometrical characteristics of the single tracks and layers were studied. Laser powers of 170 W and 340 W, and scanning speeds ranging from 0.4 to 1.4 m/s and 0.8–2.8 m/s were implemented. Single track results showed balling effect and humping at high scanning speeds, 1.4 m/s and 1.6 m/s, for each laser powder respectively. Conversely, keyhole formation occurred at lower scanning speeds of 0.4–0.6 m/s for 170 W laser power, and below and 0.8 m/s for 340 W laser power. For both laser powers, single layers resulted in smoother surfaces at lower scanning speeds. These results were used for the development of optimal process parameters for 3D cubes with 99.9 % density. Optimal process parameters were found for 170 W and 340 W laser powders at 0.7−0.9 and 1.0–1.2 m/s scanning speeds, respectively. In-situ alloying by L-PBF was challenging and a homogeneous distribution of Cu within the alloy was hard to achieve. The increase in laser power from 170 to 340 W resulted in small increase in homogenization. Microstructural analyses after stress-relieving treatment showed the presence of α’ and β phases, as well as CuTi2 intermetallic precipitates. The finer microstructure together with CuTi2 intermetallic precipitates resulted in an increase in hardness. This study demonstrates the potential for printing in-situ alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)- 3 at.% Cu for biomedical applications. However, further studies are required to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial properties.
Cooperative Folding of Linear Poly(dimethyl siloxane)s via Supramolecular Interactions (2017)

The synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers are reported based on linear poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and chiral, pendant benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs). The copolymers differ in degree of polymerization (DP) and BTA graft density. Characterization of the bulk materials at room temperature reveals that the BTAs aggregate in a helical fashion via threefold hydrogen-bond formation within the PDMS matrix. A significant degree of hydrogen bonding persists up to 180 °C, regardless of DP and BTA content. Analysis of the solution behavior by <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectroscopy indicates that BTA aggregation occurs in CDCl<sub>3</sub> , a solvent normally suppressing aggregation. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in 1,2-dichloroethane shows strong CD effects and reveals that increasing the DP and decreasing the BTA graft density results in an increase in the cooperativity of the BTA aggregation. Dynamic light scattering indicates the formation of particles with sizes of 400 nm. This is the first time that polymers with pendant BTAs show a sharp transition between a nonaggregated and aggregated state, a behavior similar to the one observed for "free" BTAs. The cooperative aggregation is attributed to the strong phase-segregation between the PDMS backbone and the BTAs, in combination with a high propensity of these polymers to form multichain aggregates.
Coupled-field description of zero-average dispersion management (1999)

Using a coupled-field formalism and a standard perturbation analysis, we analyze a dispersion-managed system under zero-average dispersion conditions. A nonlinear integral equation in the spectral domain allows the determination of the critical strength parameter of a two-step dispersion map. Higher-order correction terms confirm the difference observed in the pulse shapes in each fiber and comparisons with fully numerical results reveal a good agreement. The existence of an antisymmetric dispersion-managed soliton is also confirmed.
Selective blockade of lysophosphatidic acid LPA3receptors reduces murine renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (2003)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) released during ischemia has diverse physiological effects via its G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3 (formerly Edg-2, -4, and -7). We tested the hypothesis that selective blockade of LPA receptors affords protection from renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. By real-time PCR, LPA1-3 receptor mRNAs were expressed in mouse renal cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla with the following rank order LPA3 = LPA2 > LPA1. In C57BL/6 mice whose kidneys were subjected to ischemia and reperfusion, treatment with a selective LPA3 agonist, oleoyl-methoxy phosphothionate (OMPT), enhanced injury. In contrast, a dual LPA1/LPA3-receptor antagonist, VPC-12249, reduced I/R injury, but this protective effect was lost when the antagonist was coadministered with OMPT. Interestingly, delaying administration of VPC-12249 until 30 min after the start of reperfusion did not alter its efficacy significantly. We conclude that VPC-12249 reduces renal I/R injury predominantly by LPA3 receptor blockade and could serve as a novel compound in the treatment of ischemia acute renal failure.
Numerical adaptive delta modulation-a technique for digital signal representation in ASIC applications (2002)

A fully digital adaptive delta modulation (ADM), called numerical adaptive delta modulation (NADM), is discussed. In contrast to conventional ADM systems, both step size adaptation and integration are performed numerically by an arithmetic logic unit. The hardware realization of the NADM is made up almost completely of logical gates. Hence the system is well suited to circuit integration. Since the clock frequency of the system is equal to the sampling rate, the power consumption is at a minimum. As an application example, the NADM system is used for speech signal transmission in a neural stimulator for electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Paper 21: The Effect of Preemptive Pudendal Nerve Blockade on Postoperative Pain Following Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The role of preemptive analgesia in relieving pain following transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery has not yet been investigated. We aimed to assess the effect of preemptive pudendal nerve blockade on pain and consumption of narcotic analgesia following transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients undergoing transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive pudendal block with either bupivacaine 0.25% or placebo (normal saline 0.9%) immediately before surgery. All surgeries were performed transvaginally, under general anesthesia induced by intravenous fentanyl 2μg/kg and propofol 2mg/kg. All patients received postoperative intravenous hydromorphone patient controlled analgesia. Patients were asked to report on their pain intensity 1, 3, 5, 7, 18 and 24 hours postoperatively, using a validated visual analogue pain scale from 0–10. Analgesic requirements were consistently recorded at 3, 7, 18 and 24 hours after surgery. Main outcome measures included postoperative pain severity, and hydromorphone consumption. RESULTS: One hundred and ten patients enrolled in the study, of which 106 were randomized, and 102 received preemptive pudendal block analgesia, 51 with bupivacaine 0.25% and 51 with normal saline. The 2 patient groups did not differ in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, surgical procedures, anesthetic dose, total blood loss, operative time, surgical and medical complications. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in mean postoperative pain scores (1 hour: 4.63 vs. 4.80; 3 hours: 3.71 vs. 3.87; 5 hours: 2.89 vs. 3.10; 7 hours: 2.85 vs. 3.12; 18 hours: 3.22 vs. 3.47; 24 hours: 3.23 vs. 3.12), and consumption of intravenous hydromorphone (0–3 hours: 1.84 vs. 1.77 mg; 4–7 hours: 1.19 vs. 1.20 mg; 8–18 hours: 2.89 vs. 2.35 mg). Additional boluses of hydromorphone (18% vs. 18%) and ketoralac (12% vs. 8%), as well as mean oral hydrocodone (10.6 vs. 12.7mg) and ibuprofen (630 vs. 762 mg) consumption in the first 24 hours after surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in mean total hospital stay between the 2 patient groups (39.6 vs. 37.3 hours). There were no complications directly related to the pudendal nerve blockade in any of the study patients. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive pudendal nerve blockade does not affect postoperative pain intensity or the consumption of narcotic analgesia following pelvic reconstructive surgery.
Prevalence of Autoantibodies to the p53 Protein in Autoimmune Hepatitis (2002)

The target antigens of anti-nuclear autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are poorly characterised. Since antibodies to the p53 nuclear protein have been reported in various autoimmune diseases, we have assessed the prevalence of these antibodies in patients with AIH (n = 45), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 60), hepatitis B (n = 22), hepatitis C (n = 55), and in a control group of subjects with various non-liver diseases (n = 56). A significant proportion of patients with AIH (31%) had elevated levels of autoantibodies to the p53 protein. In contrast, the prevalence of these antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis (8%) and viral hepatitis (6%) was similar to that in the control group (4%). The clinical features of the anti-p53 seropositive AIH patients were similar to those of the seronegative ones. Thus, the prevalence of p53 autoantibodies in AIH is higher than in other forms of chronic hepatitis, and may be useful in differential diagnosis.
<title>Handheld ultrasound array imaging device</title> (1999)

A handheld ultrasound imaging device, one that weighs less than five pounds, has been developed for diagnosing trauma in the combat battlefield as well as a variety of commercial mobile diagnostic applications. This handheld device consists of four component ASICs, each is designed using the state of the art microelectronics technologies. These ASICs are integrated with a convex array transducer to allow high quality imaging of soft tissues and blood flow in real time. The device is designed to be battery driven or ac powered with built-in image storage and cineloop playback capability. Design methodologies of a handheld device are fundamentally different to those of a cart-based system. As system architecture, signal and image processing algorithm as well as image control circuit and software in this device is deigned suitably for large-scale integration, the image performance of this device is designed to be adequate to the intent applications. To elongate the battery life, low power design rules and power management circuits are incorporated in the design of each component ASIC. The performance of the prototype device is currently being evaluated for various applications such as a primary image screening tool, fetal imaging in Obstetrics, foreign object detection and wound assessment for emergency care, etc.
Reflections from early-career researchers on the past, present and future of doctoral education (2022)

Shannon Mason, Maude Lévesque, Charity Meki-Kombe, Sophie Abel, Corina Balaban, Roxana Chiappa, Martin Grund, Biandri Joubert, Gulfiya Kuchumova, Lilia Mantai, Joyce Main, Puleng Motshoane, Jing Qi, Ronel Steyn, Gaoming Zheng, Reflections from early-career researchers on the past, present and future of doctoral education, Towards a Global Core Value System in Doctoral Education, pp. 241-256