gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolving from a hydrocarbon-based to a sustainable economy: Starting with a case study for Iran (2021)

Environmental and socioeconomic challenges facing many hydrocarbon-rich nations could help them evolve from hydrocarbon-based (black) into renewables-based (green) economies. In this paper, we present a case study for application of this Black Into Green (BIG) method for Iran. We show that with international cooperation Iran could indefinitely meet its energy and freshwater needs by leveraging large-scale renewable energy harvesting systems integrated with seawater pumped storage hydropower, reverse osmosis desalination, and enhanced distribution systems. This BIG transition could be facilitated by allocating a significant portion of Iran’s potential hydrocarbon-based income to acquire, develop, and deploy renewable energy technology that utilizes Iran’s immense solar and wind energy potential. Our analysis shows that developing just 1% of identified sites would provide over 30 TWh of annual renewable electricity generation and storage, and 221 million m3/day of renewably-powered desalination capacity to meet the freshwater needs of over 85% of its population. In addition to providing renewable energy design and manufacturing technology, the international community could also work with Iran to help evolve its nuclear power program toward small modular reactors for baseload power generation. Such an arrangement would contribute to regional and global security, and greatly reduce the Middle East’s carbon emissions of which Iran is the largest emitter. Results from this holistic approach could then serve as a model for the world economy to work with other resource-rich nations to reduce their environmental impact while modernizing their economies and helping them achieve the socioeconomic goals outlined in the UN’s Brundtland report.
A phase 3 randomized, multicenter, double-blind study to evaluate the safety of upadacitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in adolescent and adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in Japan (Rising Up): An interim 24-week analysis (2021)

The results were generally consistent with those of previous reports; no new safety risks were detected.
Research Note: Avian Leukosis Retroviral Genes are not Detected in Geese (1993)

Genomic DNA from four strains of geese was analyzed for the presence of endogenous viral elements using a probe that can detect over 20 Rous-associated endogenous viral genes (ev genes) in chickens, as well as a probe and protocol that detects endogenous avian viruses (EAV). Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA did not reveal any ev genes in DNA of 15 geese from Chinese, Synthetic, or two Embden goose strains. Even under low stringency conditions, using a probe that covered most of the polymerase (pol) gene of the Rous-associated virus (RAV) and that revealed EAV elements in a chicken without ev genes, no viral loci were evident in goose DNA.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLOADDITIONS OF ELECTRON POOR OLEFINS TO 2‐ARYL‐1‐PYRROLINIUM SALTS (1981)

Abstract Bei der gemeinsamen Photolyse mit den Acrylverbindungen (II) erhält man aus den Phenylpyrrolinium‐Salze (I) die Addukte (III), die sich zu den Endprodukten (IV) umlagem.
<title>Multi-point fiber optic hydrogen sensor system for detection of cryogenic leaks in aerospace applications</title> (2001)

This paper describes progress in the development of a multi-point fiber optic micro sensor (optrode) based on a hydrogen gas sensitive chemistry immobilized in an optically transparent porous substrate. The hydrogen sensitive chemistry is fully reversible and has demonstrated a response to hydrogen gas in the range of 0% to 10% with a resolution of 0. 1 % and a response time of ?5 seconds measured at a gas flow rate of 1 cc/mm. The optical signature of the optrode in the visible spectrum varies proportionally to the local hydrogen gas concentration. The multi-point hydrogen sensing system uses temperature compensated hydrogen optrodes mounted at the tip of optical fibers. The hydrogen optrodes are distributed at multiple locations along a fiber optic cable-based network. A multi-channel optoelectronic sensor readout unit monitors the hydrogen and temperature response of the individual optrodes in real time and communicates this information via a serial communication port to a remote laptop computer.
The whats and hows of programmers' foraging diets (2013)

One of the least studied areas of Information Foraging Theory is diet: the information foragers choose to seek. For example, do foragers choose solely based on cost, or do they stubbornly pursue certain diets regardless of cost? Do their debugging strategies vary with their diets? To investigate "what" and "how" questions like these for the domain of software debugging, we qualitatively analyzed 9 professional developers' foraging goals, goal patterns, and strategies. Participants spent 50% of their time foraging. Of their foraging, 58% fell into distinct dietary patterns - mostly in patterns not previously discussed in the literature. In general, programmers' foraging strategies leaned more heavily toward enrichment than we expected, but different strategies aligned with different goal types. These and our other findings help fill the gap as to what programmers' dietary goals are and how their strategies relate to those goals.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases in the Nervous System: Their Principal Functions in Neuronal-glial Metabolic Interaction and Neuro-metabolic Disorders (2012)

Metabolism is involved directly or indirectly in all processes conducted in living cells.The brain, popularly viewed as a neuronal-glial complex, gets most of its energy from the oxygen-dependent metabolism of glucose, and the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) plays a key regulatory role during the oxidation of glucose.Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (also called PDC kinase or PDK) is a kinase that regulates glucose metabolism by switching off PDC.Four isoforms of PDKs with tissue specific activities have been identified.The metabolisms of neurons and glial cells, especially, those of astroglial cells, are interrelated, and these cells function in an integrated fashion.The energetic coupling between neuronal and astroglial cells is essential to meet the energy requirements of the brain in an efficient way.Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in the PDKs and/or neuron-astroglia metabolic interactions are associated with the development of several neurological disorders.Here, the authors review the results of recent research efforts that have shed light on the functions of PDKs in the nervous system, particularly on neuron-glia metabolic interactions and neuro-metabolic disorders.
Användningen av mjukvaruplattformar för projektledning och planering (2005)

Uppsatsen behandlar hur projektledare och projektplanerare anvander sig av datorprogram som ar avsedda for att hjalpa till i ett projekt.
Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory, Diffusion Maps and their applications to Clustering and Biclustering (2014)

In this paper, we describe an algorithm FARDiff (Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Dif- fusion) which combines Diffusion Maps and Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory to do clustering on high dimensional data. We describe some applications of this method and some problems for future research.
Oxyanion Adsorptions by Mono-, Di-, and Triamino-Functionalized MCM-48 (2003)

Abstract MCM-48 is functionalized with mono-, di-, and triamino-silanes without destruction of the mesoporous structure in order to efficiently remove chromate and arsenate in aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacities achieved 160 and 182 mg/g-adsorbent for chromate and arsenate, respectively, when triamino-functionalized MCM-48 was applied. The diamino-functionalized MCM-48 adsorbed much larger amounts of chromate and arsenate: 119 and 122 mg/g-adsorbent, respectively, than did diamino-functionalized fumed silica: 79.3 and 90.7 mg/g-adsorbent. The superiority arose from the large surface area of functionalized MCM-48. At the adsorption saturation, no clear difference was found in oxyanion/N stoichiometries among the mono-, di-, and triamino-functionalized MCM-48. On the other hand, the distribution coefficient, Kd, depended on the kind of silane fixed on MCM-48. It exceeded 2 × 105 when the concentration of oxyanions was low. The adsorbent by triamino-silylation showed the largest Kd; it was three or ten times higher than that of the adsorbent by monoamino-silylation for arsenate and chromate adsorptions, respectively. Although the adsorption capacity of diamino-functionalized MCM-48 was reduced to be 47% at 50 °C, it still adsorbed a large amount of arsenate.
Nonpolar optical scattering of positronium in magnesium fluoride (2005)

We report the results of the analysis of the temperature broadening of the momentum distribution of delocalized positronium (Ps) in magnesium fluoride in terms of the optical deformation-potential scattering model (long-wavelength optical phonons). The Ps optical deformation-potential coupling constant ${D}_{o}$ in $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been determined to be $(1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}∕\mathrm{cm}$. We also show that the Ps momentum distribution is sensitive to second-order phase transitions in those crystals where optical deformation-potential scattering is allowed in one and forbidden in another crystalline phase.
Ultrastructural and electron-immunocytochemical characterization of cells in epiretinal membranes. (1990)

Electron-immunocytochemical staining for three intermediate filament (IF) proteins, keratin (K), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and vimentin (V), and for the macrophage marker, EBM/11 (E), was performed on epiretinal membranes obtained during vitrectomies performed for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), postdetachment macular puckers (PDMPs), idiopathic macular puckers (IMPs), or macular puckers associated with other disease processes. The ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characteristics of the cells were compared. Unstained cells outnumbered stained cells for each of the markers in almost all membranes. Six cell types, based on ultrastructure, were found in the majority of epiretinal membranes: 1) polarized cells with microvilli on the free border and foot processes anchoring them to extracellular matrix that consistently stained negative for all of the immunocytochemical markers; 2) spindle-shaped fibroblastlike cells that were generally negative for all markers, but rarely positive for V; 3) large undifferentiated cells with large, lightly stained nuclei and little cytoplasm that frequently expressed one of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins; 4) poorly differentiated cells that contained numerous mitochondria and frequently expressed one of the IF proteins; 5) undifferentiated, pigment-laden cells that rarely stained for any of the above IF proteins, but occasionally showed K or V positivity in a portion of the cell, suggesting that they may be losing or acquiring these proteins, and that rarely expressed GFAP; and 6) small, round, mononuclear cells with short processes that were sometimes, but not always, positive for E and that were consistently negative for K, V, and GFAP. In addition to these morphologic types, transitional cells demonstrating features of two or more of the above cell types were seen, suggesting that phenotypic changes between the various cell types can occur. The amount of extracellular matrix in epiretinal membranes showed a correlation with disease process (PVR greater than PDMP greater than IMP), and a negative correlation with the percentage of cells expressing a highly differentiated polarized morphology and with the percentage of cells staining for IF proteins. These data suggest that both cell morphology and IF protein expression may be dependent in part on microenvironment and that neither alone can be used to identify unequivocally the derivation of particular cells found in epiretinal membranes. The integration of ultrastructural and immunocytochemical data may provide a more accurate determination of the cell of origin and of phenotypic changes that have occurred. In some cases, however, both ultrastructural and IF protein composition taken together are insufficient for the precise identification of all cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Disrupters of the Thymidylate Synthase Homodimer Accelerate Its Proteasomal Degradation and Inhibit Cancer Growth. (2021)

Drugs that target human thymidylate synthase (hTS) are widely used in anti-cancer therapy. However, treatment with classical substrate-site-directed TS inhibitors induces its over-expression and the development of drug resistance. We thus pursued an alternative strategy that led to the discovery of TS-dimer disrupters that bind at the monomer-monomer interface and shift the dimerization equilibrium of both the recombinant and the intracellular protein toward the inactive monomers. We performed a structural, spectroscopic and kinetic investigation of the effects of these small molecules andthe best one, E7, accelerates the proteasomal degradation of hTS in cancer cells. E7 showed a superior anticancer profile to fluorouracil in a mouse model of human pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Thus, over sixty years after the discovery of the first TS prodrug inhibitor, fluorouracil, E7 breaks the link between TS inhibition and enhanced expression in response, providing a strategy to fight drug-resistant cancers.
Analysis of outcomes and predictors of long-term survival following resection for retroperitoneal sarcoma (2019)

High-grade tumours indicated poor OS, while vascular involvement, positive surgical resection margins, and histologic grade are the most important predictors of DFS. Although multimodal treatment strategies are progressively established, surgical resection remains the mainstay in the majority of patients with RPS, even in cases with vascular involvement.
Sensorless Force Control Based on H.INF. Control Theory. (1992)

This paper proposes the new force control without force sensor. The proposed system is designed by Hm control theory. Generally, The force sensor is usually used on the force control system. However, according to both the performance of force sensor and the condition of target environ ment, the force sensor can not be mounted to the robot manipulator.
Tantalum Borollide Trichloride:  A Versatile Entry into Tantalum Borollide Complexes (1998)

The reaction of Li2[C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]·THF with 2 equiv of AlCl3 and 1 equiv of TaCl5 gives mononuclear [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]TaCl3 (1) in 47% yield. Alkylation of 1 with 3 equiv of MeMgCl gives methylated species in conjunction with the triple decker complex [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]Me2Ta[μ-C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]TaMe4 (2). Monoalkylation is possible with LiCH(SiMe3)2 to give [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]TaCl2[CH(SiMe3)2] (3) which contains a Ta−Cα−H agostic interaction. Addition of H2NAr (Ar = 2,6-iPr2-C6H3) and triethylamine to 1 affords [C4H4B-NH(CHMe2)2]Ta(NAr)Cl2 (4). When 2 equiv of acetone are added to 1, the result is [C4H4B-NH(CHMe2)2]TaCl3[Me2C(O)CH2C(O)Me] (5). Reaction with LiCp* (Cp* = C5Me5) gives Cp*[C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]TaCl2 (6). Reduction of 6 with Mg under an atmosphere of CO produces Cp*[C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]Ta(CO)2 (7) which can be protonated with [H(OEt2)2][B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] to form {Cp*[C4H4B-NH(CHMe2)2]Ta(CO)2}{[B(C6H3(CF3)2)4]} (8). Reaction of 1 with excess LiCp‘ (Cp‘ = C5H4Me) affords Cp‘2[η2-C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]TaCl (10) in which the borole ligand is η2-bound. Addition of Li[C5H5B-R] to 1 results in the formation of [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2][C5H5B-R]TaCl2 (11, R = Ph; 12, R = NMe2). Methylation of 11 affords [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2][C5H5B-Ph]TaMe2 (14), which reacts with H2 in the presence of PMe3 to give [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2][C5H5B-Ph]Ta(PMe3)2 (16). For PEt3, the product is [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2][C5H5B-Ph]Ta(H)2PEt3 (17). Reduction of 1 in the presence of PMe3 under nitrogen gives {[C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2](Me3P)2ClTaN}2 (18). Under an argon atmosphere the reduced product is [C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]Ta(PMe3)3Cl (19). Complex 19 reacts with hydrogen to give the asymmetric dinuclear complex [([C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]Ta(H)(PMe3)Cl)μ-H([C4H4B-N(CHMe2)2]Ta(PMe3)2Cl) (20). The crystallographic characterization of complexes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 is also presented. These data give important insight into the metal−borollide relationship under a variety of ligand environments and different oxidation states. They also allow for an estimation of the contribution from the possible resonance forms.
Socioeconomic Inequalities and Vaccine Uptake: An Umbrella Review Protocol (2022)

The effectiveness of immunization is widely accepted: it can successfully improve health outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases. In the era of pandemics, there is a pressing need to identify and understand the factors associated with vaccine uptake amongst different socioeconomic groups. The knowledge generated from research in this area can be used to inform effective interventions aimed at increasing uptake. This umbrella systematic review aims to determine whether there is an association between socioeconomic inequalities and rate of vaccine uptake globally. Specifically, the study aims to determine whether an individual's socioeconomic status, level of education, occupation, (un)-employment, or place of residence affects the uptake rate of routine vaccines. The following databases will be searched from 2011 to the present day: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane CENTRAL, Science Citation Index (Web of Science), DARE, SCOPUS (Elsevier), and ASSIA (ProQuest). Systematic reviews will be either included or excluded based on a priori established eligibility criteria. The relevant data will then be extracted, quality appraised, and narratively synthesised. The synthesis will be guided by the theoretical framework developed for this review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Equity extension (PRISMA-E) guidance will be followed. This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022334223.
Impingement Heat Transfer Under Linearly Stretched Arrays of Holes (2003)

Impingement heat transfer for linearly stretched arrays of holes is investigated. In real engine configurations, impingement arrays are not always square with evenly spaced holes both in streamwise and spanwise direction. They are primarily directed to hot spot locations thus producing nonsquare arrays. In this study, the spacing between the holes increases in both the streamwise and spanwise direction simulating the stretching of the hole arrays downstream. Two different arrays are investigated with the first array having uniform diameter holes through the array placed in a stretched format. The second array has holes placed in the same locations with increasing diameter along the streamwise direction. The measured heat transfer coefficients for these arrays are then predicted using existing impingement heat transfer correlations based on regular evenly spaced arrays. Results show that the published correlations over-predict the effect of cross-flow. Also, the correlation was extrapolated for this study due to lack of information for extremely strong cross-flow effects. All measurements were obtained using the transient liquid crystal technique.
Measuring Impedance with Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (2022)

Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) can be used to measure circuit impedances similar to those measured by a vector network analyzer (VNA). We describe a measurement setup and calibration method to compare VNA and SSTDR measurements of a complex load from 0.1 MHz to 100 MHz for the former and near DC to 96 MHz for the later. The impedance for the SSTDR measurements closely match the VNA and ideal impedance magnitude values from 10 MHz to 65 MHz, where the SSTDR signal has enough spectral power to create an accurate reflected signal. These initial measurements show the feasibility of using the SSTDR approach to measure impedance.
Preparation of polarized molecules using coherent infrared multicolor ladder excitation (2010)

A density matrix treatment is presented for a general process of preparing polarized molecules through their coherent interaction with two or more infrared photons of different frequencies, each tuned to cause a transition between real levels. This process, which might be called infrared stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, allows complete population transfer to selected rotational-vibrational levels and controls the direction of the rotational angular momentum vector J of the molecule with the possibility of preparing higher moments of the J spatial distribution. HCl molecules in a supersonic molecular beam are considered as a candidate system. Theory predicts that under collision-free conditions two infrared laser pulses of microsecond duration and milliwatt power are able to achieve complete population transfer and alignment of HCl (v=2, J=2, and M=0) for mutually parallel excitation and HCl (v=2, J=2, and M=+/-1) for mutually perpendicular excitation. Orientation of the HCl (v=2, J=2, and M=+/-2) can also be achieved using two circularly polarized pulses of the same helicity. For simplicity, our treatment ignores nuclear spin depolarization, which would be the case for molecules such as (12)C(16)O and (12)C(16)OO(2). Polarized molecules in higher vibrational levels can be prepared using additional infrared pulses.
Regulation of pentose utilisation by AraR, but not XlnR, differs in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus niger (2011)

Filamentous fungi are important producers of plant polysaccharide degrading enzymes that are used in many industrial applications. These enzymes are produced by the fungus to liberate monomeric sugars that are used as carbon source. Two of the main components of plant polysaccharides are L-arabinose and D-xylose, which are metabolized through the pentose catabolic pathway (PCP) in these fungi. In Aspergillus niger, the regulation of pentose release from polysaccharides and the PCP involves the transcriptional activators AraR and XlnR, which are also present in other Aspergilli such as Aspergillus nidulans. The comparative analysis revealed that the regulation of the PCP by AraR differs in A. nidulans and A. niger, whereas the regulation of the PCP by XlnR was similar in both species. This was demonstrated by the growth differences on L-arabinose between disruptant strains for araR and xlnR in A. nidulans and A. niger. In addition, the expression profiles of genes encoding L-arabinose reductase (larA), L-arabitol dehydrogenase (ladA) and xylitol dehydrogenase (xdhA) differed in these strains. This data suggests evolutionary changes in these two species that affect pentose utilisation. This study also implies that manipulating regulatory systems to improve the production of polysaccharide degrading enzymes, may give different results in different industrial fungi.