gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple approach of combined passive and active shimming for in vivo MR spectroscopy of the brain (2005)

High magnetic fields increase the sensitivity and dispersion in MR spectroscopy. Due to stronger susceptibility-induced effects, strategies for optimal shimming are of increasing importance at higher field. The problem of shim requirements which exceeded the active shim capabilities of our system by far was overcome by combined passive and active shimming. Optimal shimming enabled 1H MR spectroscopy in the primary visual cortex V1 of the macaque monkey brain. Methods: Measurements were done on a 7T/60cm Bruker Biospec system, temporarily equipped with a Siemens AC44 gradient insert. MR setup and anesthesia were described previously [1]. Based on the shim field requirements as determined via FASTMAP field mapping, small pieces of μ-metal sheet were mounted on a plastic tube (length 34cm, diameter 25cm). Accuracy and reproducibility was achieved by a well defined positioning of the passive shims with respect to the magnet iso-center and the monkey head (Fig.1/2). After crude adjustment of all second order shim terms by passive shimming, the remaining shim requirements were within the dynamic range of the active shim device for the regarded brain region. Optimal shimming of all first and second order terms was done with FASTMAP on a 1cm3 cube volume in visual cortex, before the linear shim terms were refined locally for the MR spectroscopy voxel (yellow box, Fig.3)[2]. Results: Depending on the monkey anatomy and head rotation, required shim fields of the two critical second order shims Z2 and X2-Y2 were found to (1000±200) and (600±300) of the available shim fields. By passive shimming it was possible to cancel the major field distortions and to reduce the shim requirements to the dynamic range of the active shims. Passive shimming was reproducible between experiment days and no further modifiactions were needed. No eddy current effects nor heating was observed in any of the MR spectroscopy or imaging experiments. With combined shimming, linewidths of 11.5-12.5Hz for water and 10-11Hz for the Cr+PCr resonance at 3ppm were reproducibly achieved in 5x1.6x5mm3 MR spectroscopy voxels in V1 (Fig.3/4). The spectral separation of creatine and phosphocreatine was possible and 10+ metabolites were quantified. Discussion: Even strong limitations of the active shim power can be overcome by combined passive and active shimming. This might be of high practical relevance for high field MR setups of limited shim power and/or shimming of body regions which require high shim fields.
Al2O3 Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondria‐Mediated Cell Death and Upregulate the Expression of Signaling Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2012)

An increase in the broad usage of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (ANPs) in the food and agricultural sectors may produce rare hazards for human health. The objective of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of ANPs in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. Cell viability, cellular uptake, morphology, and gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were analyzed. The results indicate that ANPs have a significant and dose-dependent effect on cytotoxicity. Control cells showed a characteristic, homogeneous nuclear staining pattern, whereas ANP-exposed cells showed abnormal nuclear morphological changes such as condensation or fragmentation. An early characteristic of apoptosis was observed in ANP-treated cells. Further confirmation of cell death in hMSCs was observed through increased expression of chosen signaling genes and also decreased expression of Bcl-2 during mitochondria-mediated cell death. Although they provide great advantages in food and agricultural products, the chronic and acute toxicity of ANPs still needs to be assessed carefully.
Three-dimensional Observation of Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions during Myofibrillogenesis of Embryonic Heart Tube (2005)

We performed 3D observation of myofibril formation, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions of whole-mounted chicken embryonic heart tube by means of confocal scanning microscopy (CSLM).
History of NAMRI and NAMRC (2019)

Under the concept of "Industry 4.0", production processes will be pushed to be increasingly interconnected, information based on a real time basis and, necessarily, much more efficient.In this context, capacity optimization goes beyond the traditional aim of capacity maximization, contributing also for organization's profitability and value.Indeed, lean management and continuous improvement approaches suggest capacity optimization instead of maximization.The study of capacity optimization and costing models is an important research topic that deserves contributions from both the practical and theoretical perspectives.This paper presents and discusses a mathematical model for capacity management based on different costing models (ABC and TDABC).A generic model has been developed and it was used to analyze idle capacity and to design strategies towards the maximization of organization's value.The trade-off capacity maximization vs operational efficiency is highlighted and it is shown that capacity optimization might hide operational inefficiency.
Light affects motility and infectivity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2008)

Response to changes in light conditions involves a variety of receptors that can modulate gene expression, enzyme activity and/or motility. For the study of light-regulated effects of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, we used a global analysis approach - proteomics - and compared the protein patterns of dark- and light-grown bacteria. These analyses revealed a significant reduction of FlaA and FlaB - proteins of the flagellum - when the cells were grown in light. The light effect was confirmed by SDS-PAGE with isolated flagella. Quantitative PCR experiments showed a 10-fold increase of the transcription level of flaA, flaB and flaC within 20 min after the transfer from light to darkness. Electron microscopy revealed that these molecular events result in a light-induced reduction of the number of flagella per cell. These changes have major physiological consequences regarding motility, which is considerably reduced with exposure to light. The inhibitory effect of light on the motility is not unique to A. tumefaciens and was also seen in other species of the Rhizobiaceae. Previous studies suggested that the flagella function is significant for bacteria-plant interactions and bacterial virulence. In our studies, light reduced the attachment of A. tumefaciens to tomato roots and the virulence of the bacteria in a cucumber infection assay.
H/sup infinity / observer based force control without force sensor (2002)

The authors propose the force control of a robot manipulator without a force sensor. The proposed force control system is realized by an H/sup infinity / acceleration controller and a H/sup infinity / force observer. The H/sup infinity / acceleration controller regulates the actuator of the robot manipulator by the acceleration control command omega /sup cmd/. The H/sup infinity / force observer estimates the imposed force to the actuator. Both H/sup infinity / systems are designed by the mixed sensitivity H/sup infinity / control design method. The experimental results show the response characteristics of both the force sensor feedback force control and the H/sup infinity / force observer based force control. It is shown that the system regulates force well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biomechanical determinants of elite rowing technique and performance (2014)

In rowing, the parameters of injury, performance, and technique are all interrelated and in dynamic equilibrium. Whilst rowing requires extreme physical strength and endurance, a high level of skill and technique is essential to enable an effective transfer of power through the rowing sequence. This study aimed to determine discrete aspects of rowing technique, which strongly influence foot force production and asymmetries at the foot-stretchers, as these are biomechanical parameters often associated with performance and injury risk. Twenty elite female rowers performed an incremental rowing test on an instrumented rowing ergometer, which measured force at the handle and foot-stretchers, while three-dimensional kinematic recordings of the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar-pelvic joints were made. Multiple regression analyses identified hip kinematics as a key predictor of foot force output (R(2) = 0.48), whereas knee and lumbar-pelvic kinematics were the main determinants in optimizing the horizontal foot force component (R(2) = .41). Bilateral asymmetries of the foot-stretchers were also seen to significantly influence lumbar-pelvic kinematics (R(2) = 0.43) and pelvic twisting (R(2) = 0.32) during the rowing stroke. These results provide biomechanical evidence toward aspects of technique that can be modified to optimize force output and performance, which can be of direct benefit to coaches and athletes.
Optically Tunable Third Harmonic Generation in a Conducting Oxide Film (2022)

We demonstrate actively tunable third harmonic generation (THG) in zinc oxide, increasing THG by 600%. This is done using an interband pump, generating free carriers to increase Kerr nonlinearities, and enhancing fields through permittivity reduction.
Hepatic organoids for microfluidic drug screening (2014)

We introduce the microfluidic organoids for drug screening (MODS) platform, a digital microfluidic system that is capable of generating arrays of individually addressable, free-floating, three-dimensional hydrogel-based microtissues (or 'organoids'). Here, we focused on liver organoids, driven by the need for early-stage screening methods for hepatotoxicity that enable a "fail early, fail cheaply" strategy in drug discovery. We demonstrate that arrays of hepatic organoids can be formed from co-cultures of HepG2 and NIH-3T3 cells embedded in hydrogel matrices. The organoids exhibit fibroblast-dependent contractile behaviour, and their albumin secretion profiles and cytochrome P450 3A4 activities are better mimics of in vivo liver tissue than comparable two-dimensional cell culture systems. As proof of principle for screening, MODS was used to generate and analyze the effects of a dilution series of acetaminophen on apoptosis and necrosis. With further development, we propose that the MODS platform may be a cost-effective tool in a "fail early, fail cheaply" paradigm of drug development.
Coverage Performance in Multistream MIMO-ZFBF Heterogeneous Networks (2017)

We study the coverage performance of multiantenna [multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)] communications in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Our main focus is on open-loop and multistream MIMO zero-forcing beamforming at the receiver. Network coverage is evaluated adopting tools from stochastic geometry. Besides fixed-rate transmission (FRT), we also consider adaptive-rate transmission (ART) while its coverage performance, despite its high relevance, has so far been overlooked. On the other hand, while the focus of the existing literature has solely been on the evaluation of coverage probability per stream, we target coverage probability per communication link-comprising multiple streams-which is shown to be a more conclusive performance metric in multistream MIMO systems. This, however, renders various analytical complexities rooted in statistical dependence among streams in each link. Using a rigorous analysis, we provide closed-form bounds on the coverage performance for FRT and ART. These bounds explicitly capture impacts of various system parameters including densities of BSs, SIR thresholds, and multiplexing gains. Our analytical results are further shown to cover popular closed-loop MIMO systems, such as eigen-beamforming and space-division multiple access. The accuracy of our analysis is confirmed by extensive simulations. The findings in this paper shed light on several important aspects of dense MIMO HetNets: first, increasing the multiplexing gains yields lower coverage performance; second, densifying network by installing an excessive number of low-power femto BSs allows the growth of the multiplexing gain of high-power, low-density macro-BSs without compromising the coverage performance; and third, for dense HetNets, the coverage probability does not increase with the increase of deployment densities.
Renew (2022)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) technology uses a very large number of antennas at base stations to significantly increase efficient use of the wireless spectrum. Thus, mMIMO is considered an essential part of 5G and beyond. However, developing a scalable and reliable mMIMO system is an extremely challenging task, significantly hampering the ability of the research community to research nextgeneration networks. This "research bottleneck" motivated us to develop a deployable experimental mMIMO platform to enable research across many areas. We also envision that this platform could unleash novel collaborations between communications, computing, and machine learning researchers to completely rethink next-generation networks.
NMR Evidence of a Long Exchange Lifetime for the Coordinated Water in Ln(III)-Bis(methyl amide)-DTPA Complexes (Ln = Gd, Dy) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNMR Evidence of a Long Exchange Lifetime for the Coordinated Water in Ln(III)-Bis(methyl amide)-DTPA Complexes (Ln = Gd, Dy)Silvio Aime, Mauro Botta, Mauro Fasano, Silvia Paoletti, P. Lucio Anelli, Fulvio Uggeri, and Mario VirtuaniCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 21, 4707–4711Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00099a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00099a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tv-RIO1 – an atypical protein kinase from the parasitic nematode Trichostrongylus vitrinus (2008)

This study provides the first insights into the RIO1 protein kinases of nematodes, and a foundation for further investigations into the biochemical and functional roles of this molecule in biological processes in parasitic nematodes.
Tooth micro-hardness changes after applying bioactive glass-containing, anti-microbial sealants (2012)

This presentation was presented at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Pacific Division 93rd Annual Meeting in Boise, Idaho.
It was also presented at the American Association for Dental Research Annual Conference in 2012 (AADR).
Radiologic features poorly predict clinical outcomes in knee osteoarthritis (2002)

Radiographic and clinical progressions of the disease are significantly associated but the clinical relevance of the association is questionable.
Demonstration of Tunable and Reconfigurable Optical Nyquist Channel Aggregation of QPSK-to-16QAM and BPSK-to-4PAM Using Nonlinear Wave Mixing and a Kerr Frequency Comb (2019)

A tunable and reconfigurable optical Nyquist channels aggregation is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed method two aggregate lower order modulation formats into a single higher order one. Two 16 Gbaud QPSK Nyquist pulses aggregated to a 16 QAM Nyquist pulse.
Adaptive FPGAs: High-Level Architecture and a Synthesis Method (2006)

This paper presents preliminary work exploring adaptive field programmable gate arrays (AFPGAs). An AFPGA is adaptive in the sense that the functionality of subcircuits placed on the chip can change in response to changes observed on certain control signals. We describe the high-level architecture which adds additional control logic and SRAM bits to a traditional FPGA to produce an AFPGA. We also describe a synthesis method that identifies and resynthesizes mutually exclusive pieces of logic so that they may share the resources available in an AFPGA. The architectural feature and its associated synthesis method helps reduce circuit size by 28% on average and up to 40% on select circuits
Tunability of liquid-infused silicone materials for biointerfaces (2018)

The ability to control the properties of bio-inspired liquid-infused surfaces is of interest in a wide range of applications. Liquid layers created using oil-infused polydimethylsiloxane elastomers offer a potentially simple way of accomplishing this goal through the adjustment of parameters such as curing agent ratio and oil viscosity. In this work, the effect of tuning these compositional parameters on the properties of the infused polymer are investigated, including infusion dynamics, stiffness, longevity in the face of continuous liquid overlayer removal, and resistance to bacterial adhesion. It is found that that curing agent concentration appears to have the greatest impact on the functionality of the system, with a lower base-to-curing agent ratio resulting in both increased longevity and improved resistance to adhesion by Escherichia coli. A demonstration of how these findings may be implemented to introduce patterned wettability to the surface of the infused polymers is presented by controlling the spatial arrangement of bacteria. These results demonstrate a new degree of control over immobilized liquid layers and will facilitate their use in future applications.
Block Copolymers via ROMP – Awakening the Sleeping Beauty (2004)

Abstract This paper on recent developments in block copolymerisation using ring‐opening metathesis polymerisation summarizes about 60 publications and discusses current trends.
Co-Crystals of Caffeine and Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acids:  Unusual Formation of the Carboxylic Acid Dimer in the Presence of a Heterosynthon (2007)

A group of caffeine-containing co-crystals of hydroxy-2-naphthoic acids were synthesized and analyzed via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR analysis. The imidazole-carboxylic acid synthon was observed in co-crystals involving 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. In the case of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, the co-crystal exhibits a hydrogen-bonded carboxylic acid dimer in the presence of a hydroxyl-caffeine heterosynthon.
Ratios of dijet production cross sections as a function of the absolute difference in rapidity between jets in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ (2012)

Abstract A study of dijet production in proton–proton collisions was performed at $\sqrt{s}=7\mbox{~TeV}$ for jets with p T &gt;35 GeV and | y |&lt;4.7 using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2010. Events with at least one pair of jets are denoted as “inclusive”. Events with exactly one pair of jets are called “exclusive”. The ratio of the cross section of all pairwise combinations of jets to the exclusive dijet cross section as a function of the rapidity difference between jets |Δ y | is measured for the first time up to |Δ y |=9.2. The ratio of the cross section for the pair consisting of the most forward and the most backward jet from the inclusive sample to the exclusive dijet cross section is also presented. The predictions of the Monte Carlo event generators pythia 6 and pythia 8 agree with the measurements. In both ratios the herwig++ generator exhibits a more pronounced rise versus |Δ y | than observed in the data. The BFKL-motivated generators cascade and hej+ariadne predict for these ratios a significantly stronger rise than observed.
Analysis of Musical Instrument Sounds by Source-Filter-Decay Model (2007)

This paper proposes a way of modelling the time-varying spectral energy distribution of musical instrument sounds. The model consists of an excitation signal, a body response filter, and a loss filter which implements a frequency-dependent decay. The three parts are further represented with a linear model which allows controlling the number of parameters involved. A method is proposed for estimating all the model parameters jointly, taking into account additive noise. The method is evaluated by measuring its accuracy in representing 33 musical instruments and by testing its usefulness in extracting the melodic line of one instrument from a polyphonic audio signal.
Design considerations of an animal PET scanner utilizing ESO scintillators and position sensitive PMTs (2002)

Various parameters relevant to the design of a small scale PET scanner were studied both experimentally and by computer simulation. LSO (cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate) was compared with EGO, using a position sensitive PMT (PSPMT). (Compared to EGO, LSO has 8 times faster decay time, 4 times the scintillation light output, but 14% lower attenuation coefficient for 511 keV photons). The experiments with EGO and LSO involved: the crystal identification on the face of a PSPMT, measurement of the coincidence line-spread functions, and measurement of the sensitivity above the electronic noise. The resulting coincidence images clearly resolved each LSO crystal. EGS4 Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the efficiency, singles rate and mispositioning due to the depth of interaction for PET scanners with various sizes of LSO and EGO.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tin oxide transparent thin-film transistors (2004)

A SnO2 transparent thin-film transistor (TTFT) is demonstrated. The SnO2 channel layer is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and then rapid thermal annealed in O2 at 600°C. The TTFT is highly transparent, and enhancement-mode behaviour is achieved by employing a very thin channel layer (10–20 nm). Maximum field-effect mobilities of 0.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 are obtained for enhancement- and depletion-mode devices, respectively. The transparent nature and the large drain current on-to-off ratio of 105 associated with the enhancement-mode behaviour of these devices may prove useful for novel gas-sensor applications.
Closure to “Discussions of ‘Railway Overhead Contact Systems, Catenary-Pantograph Dynamics for Power Collection at High Speeds’” (1968, ASME J. Eng. Ind., 90, p. 700) (1968)

Much of my discussion of the authors' companion paper No. 68-RR-1, is equally applicable to this paper, which illustrates one significant point that seems to have been almost completely ignored, except for someone's foresight, when constructing the mathematical model.Upon reference to Fig. 10, it will be observed that an almost insignificant, increase in catenary damping would have been sufficient to prevent, complete loss of contact under the assumed conditions.Since means are now available 3 for providing almost any desired percentage of critical damping in electric power system catenaries, I think it particularly unfortunate that the authors should have permitted some inhibition or oversight to prevent them from inquiring how much damping might have been required to maintain a minimum contact force of, say, 20 lb while operating an 8-car train under otherwise identical conditions.