gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference Investigations of Active Communications and Passive Earth Exploration Services in the THz Frequency Range (2012)

At Terahertz (THz) frequencies, passive space-borne Earth exploration services may be interfered by upcoming active communication applications. Aiming for coexistent use of the THz band by both active and passive applications, this paper identifies critical scenarios where interference can possibly occur. Atmospheric attenuation simulations are used along with appropriate propagation models to account for correct scenario-specific wave propagation conditions. Furthermore, distance-dependent measurements of the path loss are taken at 300 GHz. The atmospheric attenuation and propagation models are then employed in order to simulate possible interference powers for the individual reference scenarios under worst case-conditions. Based on existing data for the maximum allowed interference, guidelines for appropriate system specifications of active THz hardware (e.g., transmit power constraints) are developed and achievable system performances are evaluated. Countermeasures against potential interference are discussed. Thus, any interference can be anticipated and compensated for already in the early design phase of THz communication systems.
Demonstration of a sub-picosecond x-ray streak camera (1996)

A novel design, magnetically focused, x-ray streak camera was designed and tested using sub-20 fs soft-x-ray pulses generated by high harmonic emission in a gas. The temporal resolution of the camera was demonstrated to be under 0.9 ps throughout the ultraviolet to soft-x-ray wavelength region. Our streak camera represents the fastest x-ray detector developed to date.
ChemInform Abstract: THE GROWTH AND REDUCTION OF DUPLEX OXIDE FILMS ON COPPER (1985)

Abstract Aufgrund ihres kinetischen und kapazitativen Verhaltens werden in alkalischer Lösung 4 verschiedene anodische Oxid‐Spezies identifiziert.
Interface reactions at TiN/HfSiON gate stacks: Dependence on the electrode structure and deposition method (2007)

We systematically investigated intrinsic and extrinsic thermal reactions at TiN/HfSiON gate stacks. The formation of an ultrathin TiO2 interlayer was found to be an intrinsic reaction at the metal/insulator interface, but growth of SiO2 underlayers between HfSiON and Si substrates, which determines the electrical thickness of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices, depends on the structure and deposition method of the gate electrodes. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) grown TiN electrodes covered with W overlayers exhibited excellent thermal stability at up to 1000 1C. Formation of ultrathin TiO2 interlayers reduced gate leakage current (Ig), and growth of the oxide underlayer was suppressed by less than a few angstroms even for 1000 1C annealing. In contrast, we found that halogen impurities within CVD-grown metal electrodes enhance interface SiO2 growth, resulting in deterioration of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) versus Ig characteristics of the gate stacks.
Hydrogen gas sensor based on metal oxide nanoparticles decorated graphene transistor (2015)

In this work, in order to enhance the performance of graphene gas sensors, graphene and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are combined to be utilized for high selectivity and fast response gas detection. Whether at the relatively optimal temperature or even room temperature, our gas sensors based on graphene transistors, decorated with SnO2 NPs, exhibit fast response and short recovery times (∼1 seconds) at 50 °C when the hydrogen concentration is 100 ppm. Specifically, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy are employed to explore the interface properties between graphene and SnO2 NPs. Through the complimentary characterization, a mechanism based on charge transfer and band alignment is elucidated to explain the physical originality of these graphene gas sensors: high carrier mobility of graphene and small energy barrier between graphene and SnO2 NPs have ensured a fast response and a high sensitivity and selectivity of the devices. Generally, these gas sensors will facilitate the rapid development of next-generation hydrogen gas detection.
Femto-Joule, high-speed planar GaAs E-JFET logic (1977)

Selective ion implantation was utilized to fabricate planar integrated circuits with GaAs enhancement-mode junction field-effect transistors (=E-JFET). A nine-stage ring oscillator was fabricated and served as a test vehicle for assessing the speed-power product for digital applications. Correlation of experimental results with theoretical predictions revealed femto-Joule switching characteristics of short-channel devices with LSI capability. The GaAs depletion-mode metal semiconductor field-effect transistor (=D-MESFET) logic gate performance and IC capability were compared with those of the E-JFET.
Performance of Twelve Different Equations of State for Natural Gas and Hydrogen Blends (2022)

Abstract The aspiration for blending hydrogen (H2) into natural gas (NG) in gas transmission systems is high and is happening globally. However, the principal properties of the blended mixtures and their thermodynamic derivatives can significantly vary depending on the Equation of State (EOS) employed. There is a need to arrive at the best performing EOS for the prediction of the blended mixtures from low to high concentration of H2 in the blend with NG. Twelve different EOS were evaluated against measured data found in the open literature of pure H2, binary mixtures with alkanes and mixtures with NG. Three measured properties were found, namely density, speed of sound and isobaric heat capacity (Cp) in the range of pressures up to 50 MPa and temperatures in the range of −20°C to +80°C and H2 concentration up to 88%(mole). The total number of measured data points are 629 for pure H2 and 1788 for Binaries and NG mixtures with H2. Performance of each EOS is based on the average of the absolute error (deviation%) between predicted vs. measured parameters. These were: density, which represents the principal performance of the EOS with respect the basic formulation of P, ρ and T, the speed of sound, which represents a thermodynamic derivative with respect to entropy, and isobaric heat capacity which represents a thermodynamic derivative with respect to enthalpy. All other thermodynamic derivatives can be related to these three parameters (e.g., J.T coefficient, isochoric heat capacity, enthalpy, internal energy,, compressibility factor and Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, etc.). Transport properties predictions are based on other empirical and semi-empirical correlations that are independent of the EOS and hence were not considered. It was found that, for the most part and for pure H2, GERG2008 EOS performed best in predicting the above three principal parameters followed by AGA8. For Binary and NG mixtures with H2, again GERG2008 was found to be the best performing EOS for all ranges of P and T, while the second-best performer is BWRS in the range of 0.1–3 MPa and AGA8 in the range of 3–25 MPa, respectively.
Learning to Rank Using an Ensemble of Lambda-Gradient Models (2010)

Abstract We describe the system that won Track 1 of the Yahoo! Learning to Rank Challenge.Keywords: Learning to Rank, Gradient Boosted Trees, Lambda Gradients, Web Search 1. Introduction and Summary The Yahoo! Learning to Rank Challenge, Track 1, was a public competition on a Ma-chine Learning for Information Retrieval task: given a set of queries, and given a set ofretrieved documents for each query, train a system to maximize the Expected ReciprocalRank (Chapelle et al.,2009) on a blind test set, where the training data takes the formof a feature vector x 2R d with label y2Y; Yf0;1;2;3;4g(a more positive numberdenoting higher relevance) for each query/document pair (the original, textual data wasnot made available). The Challenge setup, background information, and results have beenextensively covered elsewhere and we refer toChapelle and Chang(2011) for details. Inthis paper we summarize the work that resulted in the winning system. 1 We limit the workdescribed in this paper to the work done speci cally for the Challenge; the work was doneover a four week period prior to the end of the Challenge.Our approach used a linear combination of twelve ranking models, eight of which werebagged LambdaMART boosted tree models, two of which were LambdaRank neural nets,and two of which were MART models using a logistic regression cost. LambdaRank isa method for learning arbitrary information retrieval measures; it can be applied to anyalgorithm that learns through gradient descent (Burges et al.,2006). LambdaRank is alistwise method, in that the cost depends on the sorted order of the documents. We brieysummarize the ideas here, where the x
Identification of a Blue Photoluminescent Composite Material from a Combinatorial Library (1998)

A quaternary combinatorial masking strategy was used in conjunction with photolithography to generate compositionally diverse thin-film phosphor libraries containing 1024 different compositions on substrates 2.5 centimeters square. A parallel imaging system and scanning spectrophotometer were used to identify and characterize compositions in the library with interesting luminescent behavior. Optimal compositions were identified with the use of gradient libraries, in which the stoichiometry of a material was varied continuously. This process led to the identification of an efficient blue photoluminescent composite material, Gd3Ga5O12/SiO2. Experimental evidence suggests that luminescence in this material may arise from interfacial effects between SiO2 and Gd3Ga5O12.
Surfactant Behavior of Ionic Liquids Involving a Drug: From Molecular Interactions to Self-Assembly (2014)

Aggregates formed in an aqueous medium by three ionic liquids CnMImIbu made up of 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cation (n = 4, 6, 8) and ibuprofenate anion are investigated. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, and atom-scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to shed light on the main interactions governing the formation of the aggregates and their composition. At high concentration, mixed micelles are formed with a composition that depends on the imidazolium alkyl chain length. For the shortest alkyl chain, micelles are mainly composed of ibuprofenate anions with some imidazolium cations intercalated between the anions. Upon increasing the alkyl chain length, the composition of the aggregates gets enriched in imidazolium cations and aggregates of stoichiometric composition are obtained. Attractive interactions between these aggregates led to the formation of larger aggregates. As suggested by molecular simulations, these larger aggregates might constitute the early stage of phase separation. Transitions from micelles to vesicles or ribbons are observed due to dilution effects and changes in the chemical composition of the aggregates. We also show that aggregation can be probed using simple microscopic quantities such as radial distribution functions and average solvation numbers.
Ikääntyneen väestön hyvinvointi, terveys, toimintakyky ja palveluiden saanti ennen vanhuspalvelulain voimaantuloa: ATH-tutkimuksen tuloksia (2014)

Vanhuspalvelulain tarkoituksena on ”tukea ikääntyneen väestön hyvinvointia, terveyttä, toimintakykyä ja itsenäistä suoriutumista” ja ”parantaa iäkkään henkilön mahdollisuutta&#13;\nsaada laadukkaita sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluja sekä ohjausta muiden tarjolla olevien palvelujen käyttöön yksilöllisten tarpeittensa mukaisesti ja riittävän ajoissa&#13;\nsilloin, kun hänen heikentynyt toimintakykynsä sitä edellyttää”. &#13;\nYksi tapa seurata lain tarkoitusten toteutumista on toistuvat iäkkäälle väestölle tehtävät kyselytutkimukset, joissa iäkkäiden kokemuksia monipuolisesti kuvaavia tietoja&#13;\nkootaan sekä ennen lain voimaantuloa että sen jälkeen. Lain vaikutusten arviointia varten kerätyt tiedot saadaan THL:n Alueellisesta terveys- ja hyvinvointitutkimuksesta&#13;\n(ATH, www.thl.fi/ath). Tässä luvussa kuvataan ikääntyneen väestön tilannetta koko maassa ennen lain voimaantuloa. Tiedot perustuvat 63 vuotta täyttäneitä suomalaisia&#13;\nedustavaan otokseen (22 731 henkilöä). Heistä 63 prosenttia vastasi kyselyyn syyskuun 2012 ja kesäkuun 2013 välisenä aikana.
Tribological Study of Brush Scrubbing in Post-Chemical Mechanical Planarization Cleaning in Non-porous Ultralow-k Dielectric∕Cu Interconnects (2011)

Damage reduction during planarization is strongly required to avoid scratch generation and variation of electrical properties of low-k dielectrics that can lead to yield loss in an integrated circuit after implementation of an ultralow-k dielectric in Cu damascene interconnects. Three brush scrubbing conditions were found to realize high shear force for good particle removal. Having analyzed contact characteristics on an advanced non-porous ultralow-k dielectric fluorocarbon, brush scrubbing at a high rotation rate with a low down pressure is proposed to satisfy both sufficient particle removal efficiency and damage reduction during post chemical mechanical planarization cleaning. Tribological effects of down pressure and brush rotation rate on scratch and electrical properties of the ultralow-k fluorocarbon film are explored. To reduce the damage generated by the brush scrubbing process on the ultralow-k dielectric, it is important to make use of the effect of fluid flow by increasing the brush rotation rate at a low down pressure in advanced Cu interconnects in future.
Algebraic Optimization of Computations over Scientific Databases (1993)

Although scientific data analysis increasingly requires access and manipulation of large quantities of data, current database technology fails to meet the needs of scientific processing in a number of areas. To overcome acceptance problems among scientific users, database systems must provide performance and functionality comparable to current combinations of scientific programs and file systems. Therefore, we propose extending the concept of a database query to include numeric computation over scientific databases. In this paper, we examine the specification of an integrated algebra that includes traditional database operators for pattern matching and search as well as numeric operators for scientific data sets. Through the use of a single integrated algebra, we can perform automatic optimization on scientific computations, realizing all of the traditional benefits of optimization. We have experimented with a prototype optimizer which integrates sets, time series and spectra data types and operators on those types. Our results demonstrate that scientific database computations using numeric operators on multiple data types can’be effectively optimized and permit performance gains that could not be realized without the integration, This research has been performed in collaboration with the Space Grant College at the University of Colorado at Boulder, where the results are being applied to the analysis of experimental data from satellite observations. 1.
Comparative Long-term Adverse Effects Elicited by Invasive Group B and C Meningococcal Infections (2011)

This study does not support the hypothesis that MenB infection may predispose to autoimmunity. MenC infections are associated with a higher prevalence of arthritis and migraine headaches. No evidence of antibody-associated pathology was detected at long-term follow-up.
SIP response of artificial biofilms (2008)

Abstract In recent years, research into the use of geophysical methods for monitoring microbial activity within the subsurface has advanced. One of the most promising methods, induced polarization (IP), has indirectly shown sensitivity to changes in the presence of microbial cells and especially biofilms. The aim of this study is to conclusively show, and quantify if possible, the effect of biofilm accumulation on IP signals. To ensure the controlled formation of biofilm we created an “artificial” alginate gel biofilm, which was introduced into an experimental column at varying amounts. The IP response was measured throughout. Our initial results showed that the IP method is sensitive to biofilm accumulation, after a certain point, and could potentially be used to monitor such microbial structures remotely. Further research with real biofilms under more natural conditions is needed to validate our results.
Slot Die Coating and Conversion of LZO on Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Ni-W Substrates With and Without a Very Thin Seed Layer in Low Vacuum (2007)

Slot die coating and conversion of La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> (LZO) buffer layers were performed on rolling assisted biaxially textured Ni-W with and without thin Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> seed layers. The slot die coating, drying and processing were all performed using reel to-reel systems. The slot die coated LZO precursor films were then reacted under a variety of conditions and the texture and morphology development were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The conversion conditions were optimized to produce the highest degree of texture in the LZO films. This paper will describe the equipment used for depositing the LZO films and describe the texture and morphology of LZO films optimized for supporting the growth of high Ic (>300 amps per centimeter width) YBCO superconducting films.
Providing a Prescription of School Choice to Improve Mississippi's K-12 Educational System: A Dose of Education Savings Accounts Mixed with Charter Schools and Private School Vouchers (2016)

This thesis investigates the research surrounding school choice programs, such as charter schools, private school vouchers, and education savings accounts (ESAs). My research investigates academic effects, fiscal effects, impact upon low-income and minority students, parental involvement and satisfaction, and public opinion of school choice programs. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to answer my central research question of, “What is the ideal school choice picture for Mississippi,” with two goals in mind: 1.) To “rescue” children currently trapped within underperforming schools without the means to transfer to a higher quality school. 2.) To “reform” the K-12 educational system in Mississippi by creating more quality alternatives, providing fiscal savings that can be reinvested into traditional public schools, and to help provide low-income and minority families with the means to choose the best educational route that will prepare their children to become educated and productive members of society. My research focuses on existing sources and investigates the findings of various school choice studies to discover the effects of various programs. I also interviewed the Senate and House chairs of Mississippi’s Education Committees as well as staffers from two school choice foundations located in Mississippi. Attempts to interview school choice opponents in Mississippi were unsuccessful. My research shows that while academic results for school choice programs are often mixed, there does exist significant evidence of improvements for both low-income and minority students. The research also shows nearly universal fiscal savings for states as well as increased parental satisfaction, parental involvement, and public support for school choice programs. Finally, my conclusion is that school choice programs will not solve Mississippi’s continuing educational woes, but they provide an opportunity to help struggling students as well as provide one avenue of reform that can help improve Mississippi’s K-12 educational system. The conclusion of this thesis proposes that Mississippi continue expanding its charter school program while also expanding its special-needs ESA program to cover all K-12 students to provide a private school voucher component as well as funds that can be used to cover any educational expense including tutoring, therapy, online courses, or college savings.
Preliminary Studies on the Transformation of Nitrosugars into Branched Chain Iminosugars:  Synthesis of 1,4-Dideoxy-4-C-hydroxymethyl- 1,4-imino-pentanols (2007)

A novel promising strategy for the transformation of nitrosugars into branched pyrrolidines, based on double Henry reaction with formaldehyde followed by reductive ring closure, allowed the first enantiospecific synthesis of a 4-C-hydroxymethyl branched derivative of the well-known glycosidase inhibitor 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-pentanol. This strategy also afforded a new route to some other interesting derivatives, such as N-hydroxy, N-propyloxy, and imino derivatives, a new kind of compounds with promising biological properties. [reaction: see text].
wing blister, A New Drosophila Laminin α Chain Required for Cell Adhesion and Migration during Embryonic and Imaginal Development (1999)

We report the molecular and functional characterization of a new alpha chain of laminin in Drosophila. The new laminin chain appears to be the Drosophila counterpart of both vertebrate alpha2 (also called merosin) and alpha1 chains, with a slightly higher degree of homology to alpha2, suggesting that this chain is an ancestral version of both alpha1 and alpha2 chains. During embryogenesis, the protein is associated with basement membranes of the digestive system and muscle attachment sites, and during larval stage it is found in a specific pattern in wing and eye discs. The gene is assigned to a locus called wing blister (wb), which is essential for embryonic viability. Embryonic phenotypes include twisted germbands and fewer pericardial cells, resulting in gaps in the presumptive heart and tracheal trunks, and myotubes detached from their target muscle attachment sites. Most phenotypes are in common with those observed in Drosophila laminin alpha3, 5 mutant embryos and many are in common with those observed in integrin mutations. Adult phenotypes show blisters in the wings in viable allelic combinations, similar to phenotypes observed in integrin genes. Mutation analysis in the eye demonstrates a function in rhabdomere organization. In summary, this new laminin alpha chain is essential for embryonic viability and is involved in processes requiring cell migration and cell adhesion.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Chemical and Enzymatic Technologies for (S)‐1,4‐Benzodioxanyl‐2‐carboxypiperazine Intermediate in the Synthesis of (S)‐Doxazosin Mesylate. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.