gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Physical-Layer Technologies in VHF Data Link Communications (2020)

The VHF band has been widely used for aviation voice communication using analog communication systems for decades. However, due to fast increasing transportation and high usage of VHF channels, the band is becoming much more crowded, and use of analog waveforms will likely not maintain the required performance and quality of service in the future. Therefore, digital communication systems have been considered and studied due to their larger spectral efficiency. Notably, digital systems proposed for VHF are broadband VHF (B-VHF) using multi carrier-code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), and VHF data link modes 2 and 3 (VDL2/3) using differential 8-state phase shift keying (D8PSK) modulation. Compared to B-VHF, VDL2/3 has received more attention due to its simplicity and more constant amplitude waveform, yielding lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and hence better energy efficiency. Recently, advanced VHF digital link (A-VDL) was proposed for VHF [1]. This scheme enables use same platform as VDL except for the physical layer processing, including modulation. The proposed A-VDL, following digital video broadcasting satellite second-generation (DVB-S2) standard, uses amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) modulation with higher modulation order than VDL, hence providing higher spectral efficiency than VDL. Compared to the widely used quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), APSK is more resistant to amplifier amplitude and phase distortions. Thus, APSK has become of interest for satellite communications, as well as VHF communications in A-VDL. In this paper, we investigate other advanced technologies such as channel encoding techniques used in DVB-S2, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, more efficient standardized voice encoders, as well as better pulse shaping filters than the classical square-root raised-cosine (SRRC) filter used in VDL and A-VDL. Via simulations and analysis, we compare the proposed scheme's link margin, PAPR, and spectral efficiency compared to VDL and A-VDL, which both use Reed Solomon (RS) encoding. In addition, as another way of generating the same VDL waveforms (or possibly other single-carrier aeronautical band waveforms), we investigate the single-carrier type waveform used in cellular LTE and 5G uplink communication links: the discrete Fourier transform-spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), and discuss how we can take advantage of using the same LTE and 5G hardware resources.
Delineation of the proximal 3q microdeletion syndrome (2008)

Interstitial deletions of the proximal long arm of chromosome 3 are very rare and a defined clinical phenotype is not established yet. We report on the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular findings of a 20-month-old Hispanic male with a 2.5 Mb de novo deletion on q13.11q13.12. Up to now, this is the smallest deletion reported among patients with the proximal 3q microdeletion syndrome. The patient has distinct facial features including brachycephaly, broad and prominent forehead, flat nasal bridge, prominent ears, anteverted nose, tetralogy of Fallot, bilateral cryptorchidism, and peripheral skeletal abnormalities. To further delineate the proximal 3q deletion syndrome, the phenotype of our patient was compared with 10 other patients previously described. We found that ALCAM and CBLB are the only genes deleted in our patient and based on previously published data, we propose that the CBLB gene is responsible for the craniofacial phenotype in patients with deletions of proximal 3q region.
Statistical geometry of random fibrous networks, revisited: Waviness, dimensionality, and percolation (2004)

Waviness alters both geometric and mechanical properties of stochastic fibrous networks and significantly affects overall mechanical response, but few results are available in the literature on the subject. In this work, we explore the importance of the dimension of constituent fibers (1D vs 2D) in determination of percolation thresholds, and other fundamental statistical properties of fibers having geometric waviness, in adaptation of classical theories on random lattices to practical applications, including analysis of nanotube ropes and collagen bundles. Although the so-called “curl ratio” clearly affects the statistical properties, as evaluated by Kallmes and Corte a few decades ago, we have found some results in this classic work to be inaccurate for systems containing fibers of moderate waviness. Our main findings include the independence of the mean number of crossings with regard to waviness, as well as the nonlinear dependence of probability of intersection on waviness. Our investigation of percolation in wavy fiber networks reveals that the percolation threshold is significantly increased, with increasing curl ratio. In addition, several nontrivial results related to network properties of infinite straight lines are also described, some of which are believed to have wide applications in practice.
A dielectric resonator based millimeter-wave MIMO antenna array for hand-held devices (2015)

A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) dielectric resonator (DR) based, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) linear antenna array is presented. The array elements are cylindrical DR antennas (cDRAs) operating at 30 GHz with a bandwidth of at least 2 GHz. The MIMO antenna system consists of two, four-element arrays, each with a fixed beam direction which is electronically tilted to provide low field correlation. In particular, a passive microstrip-based feed network is designed to provide appropriate magnitude and phase excitations for beam tilting. The complete array is designed on a two-layer PCB and occupies 50 mm by 20 mm making it suitable for inclusion at the periphery of any portable device. The obtained gain levels were approximately 9 dBi for each MIMO antenna array.
Developing a Chemical and Structural Understanding of the Surface Oxide in a Niobium Superconducting Qubit (2022)

Superconducting thin films of niobium have been extensively employed in transmon qubit architectures. Although these architectures have demonstrated remarkable improvements in recent years, further improvements in performance through materials engineering will aid in large-scale deployment. Here, we use information retrieved from secondary ion mass spectrometry and electron microscopy to conduct a detailed assessment of the surface oxide that forms in ambient conditions for transmon test qubit devices patterned from a niobium film. We observe that this oxide exhibits a varying stoichiometry with NbO and NbO$_2$ found closer to the niobium film and Nb$_2$O$_5$ found closer to the surface. In terms of structural analysis, we find that the Nb$_2$O$_5$ region is semicrystalline in nature and exhibits randomly oriented grains on the order of 1-2 nm corresponding to monoclinic N-Nb$_2$O$_5$ that are dispersed throughout an amorphous matrix. Using fluctuation electron microscopy, we are able to map the relative crystallinity in the Nb$_2$O$_5$ region with nanometer spatial resolution. Through this correlative method, we observe that amorphous regions are more likely to contain oxygen vacancies and exhibit weaker bonds between the niobium and oxygen atoms. Based on these findings, we expect that oxygen vacancies likely serve as a decoherence mechanism in quantum systems.
Creation of multi-carrier millimeter-wave signal using Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator (2011)

In this paper, we propose a generation method for multicarrier MM/THz signals using the MZ-FCG.
Ranking expansion terms using partial and ostensive evidence (2002)

In this paper we examine the problem of ranking candidate expansion terms for query expansion. We show, by an extension to the traditional F4 scheme, how partial relevance assessments (how relevant a document is) and ostensive evidence (when a document was assessed relevant) can be incorporated into a term ranking function. We then investigate this new term ranking function in three user experiments, examining the performance of our function for automatic and interactive query expansion. We show that the new function not only suggests terms that are preferred by searchers but suggests terms that can lead to more use of expansion terms.
Preparation, characterization, and fabrication of uniform coated Y 2 O 2 S:RE3+up-converting phosphor particles for biological detection applications (2002)

The unique features of Up-Converting Phosphor Technology (UPTT) have been demonstrated in several particle-based biological assays in recent years. The core-shell structured up-converting phosphor reagents were developed as ultra sensitive labels for biological detection applications. Submicron yttrium oxysulfide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S) spheres co-doped with trivalent rare earth ion pairs (RE<sup>3+</sup>), e.g. Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup> and Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Tm<sup>3+</sup>, were prepared using homogenous precipitation followed by a series of fluidized bed processes. These particles are capable of emitting intense phosphorescence when excited by 950 or 980 nm infrared diode lasers, possessing anti-Stokes shifts greater than 150 nm. We encapsulated Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:RE<sup>3+</sup> particles with uniform silica shells to passivate the surface and to enhance the dispersibility. The surface of silica-coated particles was further modified with functionalized silanes to provide desired chemical groups (amino, thiol, or carboxyl) for covalent coupling to biomolecules. The functional group densities of the phosphor reagents were characterized using spectroscopic techniques. Fabricated up-converting phosphor reagents can be attached to biomolecules using standard bioconjugation techniques.
Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation Neuroprostheses for the Tetraplegic Hand (1988)

Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) of the C5 and C6 tetraplegic upper extremity has been shown to be a valid clinical tool for restoring controlled movement in the paralyzed hand. The current clinical system consists of a shoulder position transducer controlling an external microprocessor-based stimulator, which excites paralyzed muscle via the peripheral nerve using percutaneous leads or a multichannel, implantable stimulator. Tendon transfer surgery of paralyzed but innervated muscle may augment the neurologically deficient upper extremity by allowing the substitution of stronger motors or the addition of new motors where flaccid paralysis (dennervation) eliminates the usual muscle from a grasp pattern. Sensory feedback in the form of machine state and cognitive information can be provided to the normally innervated C5 dermatome skin by subcutaneous electrodes. C5- and C6-level tetraplegics using FNS can independently perform single-hand manipulative tasks at a level similar to that of subjects with intact C7 roots, although they lack the elbow control.
γ‐Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor Heterogeneity Is Increased by Alternative Splicing of a Novel β‐Subunit Gene Transcript (1991)

DNA sequences encoding two variants of a novel gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor beta subunit were isolated from an embryonic chicken whole-brain cDNA library and a chicken genomic library. The coding regions of these variants only differ from each other by the absence or presence of 12 bp in the region that encodes the presumed intracellular loop between transmembrane domains M3 and M4; the encoded subunits have been named beta 4 and beta 4', respectively. The predicted mature polypeptides are 72-77% identical to the previously characterized mammalian and chicken beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 subunits. Analysis of the beta 4-subunit gene reveals that the different transcripts encoding the two variants arise by the use of one of two 5'-donor splice sites that are separated by 12 bp. This is the first demonstration of alternative splicing of a GABAA receptor subunit gene transcript and represents a further mechanism for the generation of GABAA receptor heterogeneity.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5: Transduction Efficiency and Cell-Type Specificity in the Primate Retina (2003)

Gene transfer using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) has been effective for treating inherited retinal diseases in animal models. Further evaluation in primates must be performed prior to clinical application, however, because of the difference between the retina of the primate and those of other animals. Prior work has shown that AAV2 can transduce rod-photoreceptor and RPE cells in the non-human primate retina and that AAV5 is more efficient at transducing photoreceptor cells than AAV2 in the rodent retina. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of AAV5 in the non-human primate retina after subretinal injections of the vector to distinct anatomic retinal regions (superior, inferior, nasal, macula, temporal). rAAV5 led to a rapid onset of transgene expression (within 2 weeks), with expression persisting up to 10 months. Postoperative electrophysiology studies showed that global retinal function was preserved following gene transfer. Quantitative analysis of gene transfer demonstrated a maximum transduction efficiency of 22% in the injected areas. Evaluation of cell types using confocal microscopy and cone-specific antibodies revealed that AAV5, expressing reporter genes from the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter/enhancer, preferentially transduced rods. No significant differences were found in the regional tropism of AAV5 among the five areas injected despite variation in retinal topography. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the AAV5 receptor, PDGFR-A, is localized to the outer segments of rods but not cones providing a basis for the observed tropism. Our results support the utility of AAV5 for rod photoreceptor degeneration therapies.
3D gesture recognition using passive RFID tags (2013)

This paper investigates the application of passive UHF Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags for recognizing gestures in three dimensions. We experimentally assess the possibility to differentiate among predefined motions with a tag or object.We propose a novel method estimating and tracking the tag orientation in 3D based solely on the physical characteristic of the tag reply, using multiple reader antennas distributed around the interrogation zone. The results demonstrate a good potential, as even with simple data processing differentiation of simple gestures is possible. Our investigation therefore shows that the orientation information is available, and can be extracted using suitable data and signal processing techniques.
Purification of biologically active simian virus 40 small tumor antigen. (1983)

The simian virus 40 small tumor antigen (t antigen) gene has been cloned downstream from a hybrid Escherichia coli trp-lac promoter and a suitable ribosome binding site. A bacterial clone (865i) transformed by such a plasmid (pTR865) expresses this gene and, under optimal conditions, can produce greater than or equal to 5% of its total protein as t antigen. Soluble extracts of such a clone were relatively depleted in t antigen, which was found in the initial pellet fraction. The protein was recovered from this fraction in a significantly purified form by extraction with urea-containing buffer. After gel filtration of such t antigen-enriched solutions, highly purified protein was obtained. When either this fraction (freed of urea) or NaDodSO4 gel-purified 865i t antigen (rendered free of detergent) was injected into untransformed rat cells, dissolution of intracellular actin cable networks was observed.
Iridium Metal Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Blue-Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (2010)

A new series of cationic blue-emitting, heteroleptic iridium(III)-based metal complexes were systematically synthesized using two 4,6-difluorophenylpyridine ligands as well as one methyl- or n-butyl-substituted bisimidazolium salt carbene-type ligand. In degassed CH2Cl2, all complexes display highly efficient, blue phosphorescence (λmax ∼ 452 nm; emission quantum yield ∼ 0.30) at room temperature and also show blue emission in a thin film. The measured photophysical properties of the complexes have been rationalized with the help of quantum-chemical calculations. Because of the high solubility of the complexes, solution-processed devices, light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs), were made. The results showed that true blue emission and short turn-on time is achieved when an ionic conductor, tetrabutylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, was used as the matrix for the film containing the emitters. These iridium complexes and the described devices are the bluest materials ever reported and the first case of LEECs based on carbene ligands.
Biceps Brachii Tendon Ruptures: A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment of Proximal and Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures (2010)

The biceps brachii is a unique muscle with 2 proximal tendons and a single distal tendon. Although these tendons are part of the same muscle, they have significantly different functions. It is hypothesized that the long head of the biceps acts as a pain generator in the shoulder, though the biomechanical function is still under debate. Conversely, the distal biceps tendon is the major supinator of the forearm and serves a secondary flexor. As such, injuries to these tendons must be evaluated independently. Biceps brachii ruptures most often occur in middle-aged men following a traumatic event. Injuries to the long head of the biceps are primarily treated nonoperatively with adequate results. Injuries of distal tendon occur less often, but are receiving significant attention in the literature in regard to treatment options. Surgical repair of distal biceps ruptures is indicated in patients who want to restore supination strength and endurance. It is unclear which operative technique is superior, although the most recent data suggest increased strength of the cortical button repair. This article provides a comprehensive review of both proximal and distal biceps brachii ruptures in addition to our treatment algorithm.
DDX6 Represses Aberrant Activation of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (2017)

The innate immune system tightly regulates activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to avoid inappropriate expression. Pathological ISG activation resulting from aberrant nucleic acid metabolism has been implicated in autoimmune disease; however, the mechanisms governing ISG suppression are unknown. Through a genome-wide genetic screen, we identified DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6) as a suppressor of ISGs. Genetic ablation of DDX6 induced global upregulation of ISGs and other immune genes. ISG upregulation proved cell intrinsic, imposing an antiviral state and making cells refractory to divergent families of RNA viruses. Epistatic analysis revealed that ISG activation could not be overcome by deletion of canonical RNA sensors. However, DDX6 deficiency was suppressed by disrupting LSM1, a core component of mRNA degradation machinery, suggesting that dysregulation of RNA processing underlies ISG activation in the DDX6 mutant. DDX6 is distinct among DExD/H helicases that regulate the antiviral response in its singular ability to negatively regulate immunity.
ChemInform Abstract: M4C9+ (M: Ti, V): New Gas Phase Clusters. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Barcode-based calibration of a 1-D blur restoration pipeline (2010)

In high-speed printed media inspection environments, image restoration pipelines play a critical role in establishing and continually evaluating performance. A key role of such systems is to understand, mitigate (and possibly remove) artifacts introduced by motion blur. An approach is proposed that uses barcodes to help calibrate a one-dimensional blur restoration pipeline. Techniques are demonstrated whereby the structure of barcode markings may be leveraged to estimate motion blur parameters, even under extreme blur conditions or when the barcode is unknown. In addition, a framework for comparing blur estimation procedures based on barcode readability is introduced. These techniques can be applied independently of one another, but together form a set of useful tools for blur restoration pipeline calibration. Within this framework, it is shown that a low-complexity blur estimation strategy demonstrates performance competitive with state-of-the-art approaches in term of speed and accuracy.
A Potential Biomarker for Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2012)

Introduction: We investigated the ability of cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma and serum to serve as a biomarker for malignant mesothelioma (MM). Methods: Using miRNA microarrays, we profiled plasma samples from MM patients and healthy controls. miRNAs with significantly different abundance between cases and controls were validated in a larger series of MM patients and in an independent series of MM patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of candidate miRNAs were also quantified in MM tumor samples. Results: We compared cell-free miRNA profiles in plasma from MM patients with healthy controls. Reviewing 90 miRNAs previously reported to be associated with MM, we found that the levels of two miRNAs, miR-29c* and miR-92a, were elevated in plasma samples from MM patients. In addition, we identified 15 novel miRNAs present at significantly higher levels in the plasma of MM patients. Further analysis of candidate miRNAs by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that one of them, miR-625-3p, was present in significantly higher concentration in plasma/serum from MM patients and was able to discriminate between cases and controls, in both the original and the independent series of patients. MiR-625-3p was also found to be up-regulated in tumor specimens from a group of 18 MM patients, who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy. Conclusion: Our data confirm the potential of miR-29c* and miR92a as candidate tumor markers and reveal that miR-625-3p is a promising novel diagnostic marker for MM.
Unique metabolic strategies in Hadean analogues reveal hints for primordial physiology (2021)

Abstract Primordial microorganisms are postulated to have emerged in H 2 -rich alkaline Hadean serpentinite-hosted environments with homoacetogenesis as a core metabolism. However, investigation of two modern serpentinization-active analogues of early Earth reveals that conventional H 2 -/CO 2 -dependent homoacetogenesis is thermodynamically unfavorable in situ due to picomolar CO 2 levels. Through metagenomics and thermodynamics, we discover unique taxa capable of metabolism adapted to the habitat. This included a novel deep-branching phylum, “ Ca . Lithoacetigenota”, that exclusively inhabits Hadean analogues and harbors genes encoding alternative modes of H 2 -utilizing lithotrophy. Rather than CO 2 , these metabolisms utilize reduced carbon compounds detected in situ presumably serpentinization-derived: formate and glycine. The former employs a partial homoacetogenesis pathway and the latter a distinct pathway mediated by a rare selenoprotein – the glycine reductase. A survey of serpentinite-hosted system microbiomes shows that glycine reductases are diverse and nearly ubiquitous in Hadean analogues. “ Ca . Lithoacetigenota” glycine reductases represent a basal lineage, suggesting that catabolic glycine reduction is an ancient bacterial innovation for gaining energy from geogenic H 2 even under serpentinization-associated hyperalkaline, CO 2 -poor conditions. This draws remarkable parallels with ancestral archaeal H 2 -driven methyl-reducing methanogenesis recently proposed. Unique non-CO 2 -reducing metabolic strategies presented here may provide a new view into metabolisms that supported primordial life and the diversification of LUCA towards Archaea and Bacteria .