gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Base Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis of Tricarbonyl(η6‐arene) chromium Complexes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clustering in a Continuum Percolation Model (1997)

We study properties of the clusters of a system of fully penetrable balls, a model formed by centering equal-sized balls on the points of a Poisson process. We develop a formal expression for the density of connected clusters of k balls (called k -mers) in the system, first rigorously derived by Penrose [15]. Our integral expressions are free of inherent redundancies, making them more tractable for numerical evaluation. We also derive and evaluate an integral expression for the average volume of k -mers.
Embedded thermocouples for CMC engine components (2017)

Nickel-based super alloys have been the mainstay for gas turbine components comprising the hot section. However, due to their superior thermomechanical properties, SiC-SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC) are replacing nickel-based superalloy components. This requires that the CMC components be instrumented to determine structural integrity. Traditional wire thermocouples report reliable data but are not suited for the conditions in the gas turbine engine since they affect gas flow and vibrational modes during operation. Thin-film thermocouples provide a true surface temperature measurement but there are reliability issues with thin-film thermocouples such as selective oxidation, dewetting, and metallurgical changes as well as small diffusional distances. Sensors utilizing the bulk semiconducting properties of SiC in the CMC have been developed. High purity sputtered platinum is coupled with SiC in the base CMC to form a new class of thermocouples which produced thermoelectric powers of 250uV/°K at ~1000°C. These thermocouples are able to survive high temperature by using sputtered diffusion barrier coatings. Performance of this new class of thermocouples will be presented and the potential for embedded thermocouples for advanced CMC will be discussed.
Design Framework for Privacy-Aware Demand-Side Management With Realistic Energy Storage Model (2021)

Demand-side management (DSM) is a process by which the user demand patterns are modified to meet certain desired objectives. Traditionally, DSM was utility-driven, but with an increase in the integration of renewable sources and privacy-conscious consumers, it also becomes a “consumer-driven” process. Promising theoretical studies have shown that privacy can be achieved by shaping the user demand using an energy storage system (ESS). In this paper, we present a framework for utility-driven DSM while considering the user privacy and the ESS operational cost due to its energy losses and capacity degradation. We propose an ESS model using a circuit-based and data-driven approach that can be used to capture the ESS characteristics in control strategy designs. We measure privacy leakage using the Bayesian risk of a hypothesis testing adversary and present a novel recursive algorithm to compute the optimal privacy control strategy. Further, we design an energy-flow control strategy that achieves the Pareto-optimal trade-off between privacy leakage, deviation of demand from a DSM target profile, and the ESS cost. With numerical experiments using real household data and an emulated lithium-ion battery, we show that the desired level of privacy and demand shaping performance can be achieved while reducing the ESS degradation.
Hydrogen Permeation through TiN Coated Stainless Steel. (II). (1994)

TiN膜には水素透過に対する大きな障壁効果があり, 水素透過下流側にTiN膜厚が1.0μmの試料の定常水素透過流量qsはステンレス鋼基板と比べ, 500℃で20%, 400℃で約3%であり, 室温への外挿値では約5桁の水素放出低減が見込まれる.また, この値は基板の持つ水素透過上流側の表面酸化状態変化によるステンレス鋼試料の水素透過流量への影響を避けるため, 水素透過上流側にPdを成膜して安定な測定を行った結果である.
Key Factors for Insulator–Superconductor Transition in FeSe Thin Films by Electric Field (2016)

Insulator-like FeSe epitaxial thin films were grown at three different growth conditions (i.e., at Fe flux rates = 2, 4, and 6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Pa under a constant Se flux rate), and the superconducting properties induced by electric double-layer transistors (EDLTs) were investigated in relation to the crystal/defect structures of the FeSe channels. The maximum critical temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) of 35 K was obtained for the FeSe channel grown at the intermediate Fe flux rate. The other EDLTs (i.e., grown at a higher and a lower Fe flux rates, respectively) exhibited lower T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of ≈20 K, which were in the underand the overdoped states, respectively, as confirmed by Hall effect measurements. The underdoped state of the channel grown at the higher rate is explained by electron traps at surface pits. This study revealed that high crystallinity and atomically flat surfaces are the key factors to achieving the optimum doping level and inducing the high T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> in insulator-like FeSe EDLTs.
LOSS FACTOR OF THE PARTIALLY COVERED SANDWICH BEAM (1997)

本研究では粘弾性層をコアとしたサンドイッチばりについて, 粘弾性層を部分的に装着した場合の損失係数を支持条件・振動次数を変化させて検討した. その結果, 拘束層の弾性係数と粘弾性層のせん断弾性係数との関係により支持条件によらず低次の振動モードでは部分的にサンドイッチ構造とした場合に高い損失係数が現れるものの, 高次振動ではこのような部分被覆効果は生じないことが明らかとなった. また, 複数の粘弾性層を装着した場合の損失係数についても検討した.
Image de soi et bien-être (2005)

<titre>R&#233;sum&#233;</titre> L&#8217;ann&#233;e scolaire 2003-2004 a &#233;t&#233; l&#8217;occasion pour des professeurs de coll&#232;ge, d&#8217;initier un projet qui a pris un sens particulier gr&#226;ce &#224; la collaboration d&#8217;animateurs de pr&#233;vention sant&#233;. Par le biais d&#8217;un travail autour de l&#8217;autoportrait, l&#8217;objectif &#233;tait de faire &#233;voluer l&#8217;image que les adolescents avaient d&#8217;eux-m&#234;mes, tout en leur faisant acqu&#233;rir des techniques artistiques et informatiques. Cette aventure humaine a semble-t-il permis &#224; un grand nombre d&#8217;&#233;l&#232;ves de vivre une exp&#233;rience &#233;panouissante dont ils ont pu prendre conscience &#224; travers la verbalisation suscit&#233;e par le groupe et l&#8217;&#233;tayage des pr&#233;venteurs.
A theoretical study of spontaneous ignition of fuel jets in an oxidizing ambient with emphasis on hydrogen jets (2008)

An analysis was performed for the spontaneous ignition of a hydrogen (or other gaseous fuel) jet emanating from a slot into an oxidizing ambient (e.g., air). A similarity solution of the flow field was obtained. This was combined with the species and energy conservation equations, which were solved using activation energy asymptotics. Limits of spontaneous ignition were identified as functions of slot width, flow rate, and temperatures of the hydrogen jet and ambient gas. Two scenarios are examined: a cool jet flowing into a hot ambient and a hot jet flowing into a cool ambient. For both scenarios, ignition is favored with an increase of either the ambient temperature or the hydrogen supply temperature. Moreover, for the hot ambient scenario, a decrease in fuel Lewis number also promotes ignition. The Lewis number of the oxidizer only has a weak effect on ignition. Because spontaneous ignition is very sensitive to temperature, ignition is expected to occur near the edge of the jet if the hydrogen is cooler than the ambient gas and near the centerline if the hydrogen is hotter than the ambient gas.
IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL HOST FACTORS THAT REDUCE CELL DAMAGE INDUCED BY THE BACTERIAL PORE‐FORMING TOXIN STREPTOLYSIN O (2018)

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) expresses a multitude of virulence factors with diverse properties and modes of action that act in concert to overcome host innate immune defense mechanisms. Pore forming toxin (PFT) streptolysin O (SLO) is a well‐characterized virulence factor produced by nearly all GAS clinical isolates that promotes dermal necrosis, phagocytic cell dysfunction, and increased mortality during invasive infection. To increase our understanding of how SLO modulates host cell biology, we conducted a high‐throughput genetic screen in human cells to discover novel host factors required for SLO cytotoxicity. We applied a technique that was previously used to discover a role for plekstrin‐homology domain containing protein7 (PLEKHA7) in mediating cytotoxicity of a related bacterial PFT, staphylococcal α‐toxin (Popov et al. PNAS 2015). In the present study, haploid human cells (HAP1) carrying knockout alleles in essentially all genes through insertional mutagenesis were intoxicated with SLO for the live/dead genetic screen. Several screen hits, i.e. gene deletions most enriched in the surviving cell pool, were validated using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate HAP1 knockout (Δ) subclone cell lines. Multiple gene candidates that modulate susceptibility to SLO were validated, including sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), which plays a key role in cholesterol homeostasis. SREBP2 KO cells demonstrated increased survival after intoxication with purified SLO and upon live GAS infection. We proceeded to further characterize membrane alterations due to SREBP2 deletion and the effect on SLO membrane binding, and discovered an increase in membrane fluidity with concomitant reduction in cholesterol and lipid raft domains in the plasma membrane of SREBP2 KO cells, and a decrease in SLO binding to the membrane of SREBP2 KO cells. Finally, we screened for potential pharmacological inhibitors of SREBP2 that could potentially mirror the phenotype observed in the genetic knockout, and discovered two pharmacological agents, including the naturally occurring triterpenoid betulinic acid, that reproduced the phenotype in wild‐type cells. Betulinic acid has been examined in multiple therapeutic fields including cancer and immunology, and could potentially be repurposed as a drug intervention during severe GAS infection. Potential advantages of this adjunctive therapy include (a) reduced development of bacterial resistance, since it is the virulence mechanism and not the viability of the pathogen that is targeted, and (b) avoiding perturbations of the normal microflora (and their attendant health benefits), a concern of conventional broad‐spectrum antibiotic therapy. Support or Funding Information UCSD Graduate Training Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology: T32 GM007752 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
A dual refrigerator assembly for cryogen-free superconducting magnet applications (1995)

Reliable refrigeration is critical to the viability of cryogen-free superconducting magnets. The servicing of a refrigerator coldhead must not interrupt the magnet operation. A dual refrigerator coldhead assembly is described in this paper which enables the disconnection of a coldhead for servicing while a second coldhead provides continuous cooling. The two-stage Balzers UCH-130 coldheads are thermally connected to the cryostat thermal shield at the first stage and to the superconducting magnet at the second stage. The assembly includes high-T/sub c/ superconducting current leads heat stationed between the first and second stages of the coldheads in order to minimize the heat leak to the magnet. Vibration isolation components minimize the transmission of the coldhead vibration to the magnet and the thermal shield. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of the dual refrigerator assembly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mitigation of mechanical fracture of polycrystalline silicon structure in MEMS capacitive microphones (2013)

Micro-machined capacitive microphones, currently well sought-after owing to increasing proliferation of handheld electronic devices, contain two parallel diaphragms that are made of thin-film polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) - a relatively brittle material. Without sound process and fabrication controls, undesirable repercussions such as elevated production costs and unacceptable device yield levels may occur. This paper describes our experience in the microfabrication of capacitive microphones and proposed solution to minimize the risks of thin polysilicon diaphragms mechanical failure. We found the unintended presence of buried oxide keyholes beneath a polysilicon layer as the leading cause of thin-film rupture when the substrate was processed at elevated temperatures as part of downstream process procedures. We believe the keyholes were formed as a result of the “bread-loafing” effect and the reduction in keyhole size was verified as a contributing factor to minimizing the possibility of material rupture, which leads to better device yield.
What is the Role of Systemic Conditions and Options for Manipulation of Bone Formation and Bone Resorption in Rotator Cuff Tendon Healing and Repair? (2017)

Rotator cuff pathology is a significant cause of shoulder pain. Operative repair of rotator cuff is an established standard of care for these patient, however, failure of the procedure is common. Systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypocholesteremia, thyroid disease, and smoking significantly affect the outcomes of rotator cuff repair and have significant implications for the management of these patients. Diabetes mellitus has been proposed to damage tendons through non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen with advanced glycation end product formation and impaired microcirculation. Hypocholesteremia may lead to fatty infiltration and subsequent pro-inflammatory degenerative enzymatic degeneration. Thyroid disease may disrupt tendon homeostasis through the alteration of collagen production and the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Lastly, smoking inhibits tendon healing through the induction of hypovascularity and hypoperfusion. Understanding of the implications these systemic conditions have on the outcomes is important in the management of rotator cuff disease.
Privacy of Personal Information (2022)

Each online interaction with an external service creates data about the user that is digitally recorded and stored. These external services may be credit card transactions, medical consultations, census data collection, voter registration, etc. Although the data is ostensibly collected to provide citizens with better services, the privacy of the individual is inevitably put at risk. With the growing reach of the Internet and the volume of data being generated, data protection and, specifically, preserving the privacy of individuals, have become particularly important. In this article we discuss the data privacy concepts using two fictitious characters, Swara and Betaal, and their interactions with a fictitious entity, namely Asha Hospital.
Degradación de la hojarasca en un pastizal oligotrófico mediterráneo del centro de la Península Ibérica (2002)

ResumenSe estudia la descomposicin de la hojarasca de gramneas (Bromus madritensis L. y B. tectorum L.), leguminosas herbceas (Trifolium angustifolium L., T. arvense L
The Secrecy Resilience of Access Control Policies and Its Application to Role Mining (2022)

We propose a notion that we call the secrecy resilience of an access control policy that, to our knowledge, has not been explored in prior work. We seek to capture with this notion the property inherent to an access control policy that measures its resistance to disclosure. We motivate and then propose a definition for secrecy resilience that is based on the notion of entropy from information theory. We focus on policies expressed in Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and contrast RBAC from the access matrix from the standpoint of secrecy resilience. We observe that similar to other objectives such as the minimization of the number of roles, an RBAC policy with the best secrecy resilience can be a desirable objective of bottom-up role-mining, with which we seek to compute an RBAC policy given as input an access matrix. We have carried out an empirical assessment of several role-mining algorithms from the standpoint of secrecy resilience for two underlying distribution-events pairs each of which captures a kind of best-case from the standpoint of a defender. Towards carrying out the empirical assessment, we make an additional contribution to role-mining: we propose new reductions for the two problems of minimizing the number of roles and the number of edges, and discuss the manner in which our reductions are superior to reductions in existing work.
Antisolvent Precipitation for Metal Recovery from Citric Acid Solution in Recycling of NMC Cathode Materials (2022)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used everywhere today, and their recycling is very important. This paper addresses the recovery of metals from NMC111 (LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) cathodic materials by leaching followed by antisolvent precipitation. Ultrasound-assisted leaching of the cathodic material was performed in 1.5 mol L−1 citric acid at 50 °C and at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 20 g/L. Nickel(II), manganese(II) and cobalt(II) were precipitated from the leach liquor as citrates at 25 °C by adding an antisolvent (acetone or ethanol). No lithium(I) precipitation occurred under the experimental conditions, allowing for lithium separation. The precipitation efficiencies of manganese(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) decreased according to the order Mn &gt; Co &gt; Ni. The precipitation efficiency increased when a greater volume of antisolvent to the leachate was used. A smaller volume of acetone than ethanol was needed to reach the same precipitation efficiency in accordance with the difference in the dielectric constants of ethanol and acetone and their associated solubility constants. After adding two volumes of acetone into one volume of the leach liquor, 99.7% manganese, 97.0% cobalt and 86.9% nickel were recovered after 120 h, leaving lithium in the liquid phase. The metal citrates were converted into metal oxides by calcination at 900 °C.
Mechanical Stress and Defect Formation in Device Processing (2006)

In this work we address the problem of estimating the mechanical stress and the related risk of crystal defect generation in a complex device process. The validity of numerical calculations of the mechanical stress developed in the device process flow is assessed by comparing the simulation results with the electrical measurements of test structures designed to monitor the dislocations formation and of other silicon strain sensitive structures. The results show that based upon numerical calculations it is possible to define mechanical stress criteria for preventing defect generation. By using this sort of criteria, potentially dangerous process variations can be easily identified. This method is quite general and can be applied to any device process flow. On the other hand, by comparing the electrical results of structures prone to defect generation and of stress-sensitive transistors with a non-critical geometry for defect generation, it is shown that after defect nucleation the elastic stress in non-critical structures and the defect- related failure fraction in critical structures may evolve into opposite directions. Therefore, suitable stress criteria are needed at all the levels in the process flow where crystal damage may cause defect nucleation. In this study it is also pointed out that a high temperature stress release annealing can be beneficial for stress reduction and defect prevention, but its position in the process flow is critical.
Computational Study of Band-Crossing Reactions (2004)

A numerical study of band-crossing reactions is conducted using a quasi-one-dimensional (1-D) computational model that accounts for species bulk advection, electromigration velocities, diffusion, and chemical reaction. The model is used to simulate chemical reactions between two initially distinct sample zones, referred to as "bands," that cross each other due to differences in electromigration velocities. The reaction is described in terms of a single step, reversible mechanism involving two reactants and one product. A parametric study is first conducted of the behavior of the species profiles, and results are interpreted in terms of the Damko/spl uml/hler number and of the ratios of the electromigration velocities of the reactant and product. Computed results are then used to explore the possibility of extracting forward and backward reaction rates based on time resolved observation of integral moments of species concentrations. In particular, it is shown that in the case of fast reactions, robust estimates can be obtained for high forward rates, but that small reverse rates may not be accurately observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Rutamycin B via Suzuki Macrocyclization. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Rotation-Resilient Wireless Charging System for Lightweight Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (2018)

This paper presents a rotation-resilient wireless charging system with a reversely wound receiver that supports efficient charging for lightweight autonomous underwater vehicles. By employing a two-part reversely wound receiver coil structure, the total mutual inductance of the proposed coil structure remains relatively constant when rotational misalignment between the transmitter and receiver coils occurs, thereby ensuring wireless charging power is nearly continuous during rotational misalignment. Finite element analysis was performed with ANSYS Maxwell to verify the proposed coil structure. Double-sided LCC compensation topology was applied and circuit analysis was conducted via a mesh current method. A prototype of the rotation-resilient wireless charging system with the proposed coil structure was built and tested. Experimental results are well-matched to simulations, demonstrating that the system can deliver 745 Watts at a dc-dc efficiency of 86.19% when the system is fully aligned, and efficient under worst-case rotational misalignment.
Enhanced surface flashover strength in vacuum of polymethylmethacrylate by surface modification using atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (2014)

Polymer materials, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), are widely used as insulators in vacuum. The insulating performance of a high-voltage vacuum system is mainly limited by surface flashover of the insulators rather than bulk breakdown. Non-thermal plasmas are an efficient method to modify the chemical and physical properties of polymer material surfaces, and enhance the surface insulating performance. In this letter, an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge is used to treat the PMMA surface to improve the surface flashover strength in vacuum. Experimental results indicate that the plasma treatment method using Ar and CF4 (10:1) as the working gas can etch the PMMA surface, introduce fluoride groups to the surface, and then alter the surface characteristics of the PMMA. The increase in the surface roughness can introduce physical traps that can capture free electrons, and the fluorination can enhance the charge capturing ability. The increase in the surface roughness and the introduction of the fluoride groups can enhance the PMMA hydrophobic ability, improve the charge capturing ability, decrease the secondary electron emission yield, increase the surface resistance, and improve the surface flashover voltage in vacuum.