gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Additive Fabrication and the Mechanisms of Nucleation and Growth in Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Greedy Sparsity-Constrained Optimization (2012)

Sparsity-constrained optimization has wide applicability in machine learning, statistics, and signal processing problems such as feature selection and compressive Sensing. A vast body of work has studied the sparsity-constrained optimization from theoretical, algorithmic, and application aspects in the context of sparse estimation in linear models where the fidelity of the estimate is measured by the squared error. In contrast, relatively less effort has been made in the study of sparsity-constrained optimization in cases where nonlinear models are involved or the cost function is not quadratic. In this paper we propose a greedy algorithm, Gradient Support Pursuit (GraSP), to approximate sparse minima of cost functions of arbitrary form. Should a cost function have a Stable Restricted Hessian (SRH) or a Stable Restricted Linearization (SRL), both of which are introduced in this paper, our algorithm is guaranteed to produce a sparse vector within a bounded distance from the true sparse optimum. Our approach generalizes known results for quadratic cost functions that arise in sparse linear regression and Compressive Sensing. We also evaluate the performance of GraSP through numerical simulations on synthetic data, where the algorithm is employed for sparse logistic regression with and without $\ell_2$-regularization.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Endo -Selective Epoxide-Opening Cascades: Formal Synthesis of (−)-Brevisin (2015)

[Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂ is as an effective catalyst for endo-selective cyclizations and cascades of epoxy-(E)-enoate alcohols, thus enabling the synthesis of oxepanes and oxepane-containing polyethers from di- and trisubstituted epoxides. Syntheses of the ABC and EF ring systems of (−)-brevisin via all endo-diepoxide-opening cascades using this method constitute a formal total synthesis and demonstrate the utility of this methodology in the context of the synthesis of marine ladder polyether natural products.
Harmonic state space feedback control for AC/DC power converters (2017)

For complying with power distributor regulations, the PWM rectifiers have to address the line current harmonic mitigation problem. Conventional solutions involve either an adequate control strategy like resonant controller or additional hardware such as passive or active filters. In this work we take advantage of a harmonic description for the rectifiers in order to propose a robust optimal state feedback control that solves the line current harmonic mitigation while not measuring it. The performance of the proposed control is compared with an established approach, comparative simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control strategy.
Recombinant bacteriophage LysKB317 endolysin mitigates Lactobacillus infection of corn mash fermentations (2020)

Exogenously added LysKB317 endolysin is functional in conditions typically found in fuel ethanol fermentations tanks and may be developed as an alternative to antibiotics for contamination control during fuel ethanol fermentations.
Mitigating Signaling Requirements For MIMO with Frequency Domain Packet Scheduling (2007)

MIMO techniques in the spatial division multiplexing (SDM) mode have demonstrated tremendous performance potential when a single user link is considered. Recent studies have shown that frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) can provide a significant gain when combined with SDM (SDM-FDPS) by exploiting the multi-user diversity gain over frequency as well as the spatial domains. However, the increased signaling requirements in both uplink and downlink may prevent its practical use. In this paper several effective approaches are identified for reducing the signaling requirements for SDM-FDPS while still maintaining acceptable performance. Results show that the performance loss can be kept within 10% for a uplink signaling reduction of 88% and a downlink signaling reduction of 30%.
Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of 13-S-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid (13-S-HODE) (1990)

A new method of preparation of optically active 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) is described. The key chemical step involves the coupling of methyl Z-10-iododec-9-enoate and tri-n-butyl(3(S)-dimethyl-tert-butylsilyloxy)-oct-l-enylstannane using a palladium (II) catalyst. The stannane is readily prepared from 3(S)-oct-l-yn-3-ol and various methods of producing this optically active material are described. In particular the enantioselective hydrolysis of (±)-3-acyloxyoct-l-ynes using an isolated enzyme is reported and this work is compared with results obtained using a whole cell system. Using the lipase from Mucor miehei a small advantage (in terms of the rate of the hydrolysis and the enantioselectivity of the process) is gained by using a chloroalkanoate instead of the corresponding ester possessing an isosteric methyl group in place of the halogen atom. However the best method for kinetic resolution of a racemic 3-acyloxyoct-l-yne involves the use of bakers' yeast (Glänzer, 1987). The new synthesis of 13-S-HODE compares favourably with pre-existing routes in terms of efficiency and overall yield.
Multilevel inverter by cascading industrial VSI (2002)

In this paper, the modularity concept applied to medium-voltage adjustable speed drives is addressed. First, the single-phase cascaded voltage-source inverter that uses series connection of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) H-bridge modules with isolated DC buses is presented. Next, a novel three-phase cascaded voltage-source inverter that uses three IGBT triphase inverter modules along with an output transformer to obtain a 3-p.u. multilevel output voltage is introduced. The system yields in high-quality multistep voltage with up to four levels and low dv/dt, balanced operation of the inverter modules, each supplying a third of the motor rated kVA. The concept of using cascaded inverters is further extended to a new modular motor-modular inverter system where the motor winding connections are reconnected into several three-phase groups, either six-lead or 12-lead connection according to the voltage level, each powered by a standard triphase IGBT inverter module. Thus, a high fault tolerance is being achieved and the output transformer requirement is eliminated. A staggered space-vector modulation technique applicable to three-phase cascaded voltage-source inverter topologies is also demonstrated. Both computer simulations and experimental tests demonstrate the feasibility of the systems.
Ectodomain Shedding and Intramembrane Cleavage of Mammalian Notch Proteins Are Not Regulated through Oligomerization (2004)

Intramembrane cleaving proteases such as site 2 protease, gamma-secretase, and signal peptide peptidase hydrolyze peptide bonds within the transmembrane domain (TMD) of signaling molecules such as SREBP, Notch, and HLA-E, respectively. All three enzymes require a prior cleavage at the juxtamembrane region by another protease. It has been proposed that removing the extracellular domain allows dissociation of substrate TMD, held together by the extracellular domain or loop. Using gamma-secretase as a model intramembrane cleaving protease and Notch as a model substrate, we investigated whether activating and inactivating mutations in Notch modulate gamma-secretase cleavage through changes in oligomerization. We find that although the Notch epidermal growth factor repeats can promote dimer formation, most surface Notch molecules in mammalian cells are monomeric as are constitutively active or inactive Notch1 proteins. Using a bacterial assay for TM dimerization, we find that the isolated TMD of Notch and amyloid precursor protein self-associate and that mutations affecting Notch cleavage by gamma-secretase cleavage do not alter TMD dimerization. Our results indicate that ligand-induced reversal of controlled TMD dimerization by the Notch extracellular domain is unlikely to underlie the regulatory mechanism of intramembranous cleavage.
Biased Complement Diversity Selection for Effective Exploration of Chemical Space in Hit-Finding Campaigns (2019)

The success of hit-finding campaigns relies on many factors, including the quality and diversity of the set of compounds that is selected for screening. This paper presents a generalized workflow that guides compound selections from large compound archives with opportunities to bias the selections with available knowledge in order to improve hit quality while still effectively sampling the accessible chemical space. An optional flag in the workflow supports an explicit complement design function where diversity selections complement a given core set of compounds. Results from three project applications as well as a literature case study exemplify the effectiveness of the approach, which is available as a KNIME workflow named Biased Complement Diversity (BCD).
Design of Three-Spatial-Mode Ring-Core Fiber (2014)

We investigate the fiber parameters which meet the design conditions for effectively three-spatial-mode transmission and low bending loss in a ring-core fiber for mode-division multiplexing transmission. We also clarify the effective area and the difference of the effective index while satisfying the design conditions.
High throughput cell sorter based on lensfree imaging of cells (2015)

Introduction: The trend towards digitization of healthcare promises a future of improved, insight driven, more economical and patient-centered care models. Besides digitization of health records, it has spurred massive research in nano- and bioMEMS devices that sense health related parameters in a compact format. A myriad of devices including innovative CMOS FET structures, nanophotonic and nanomechanical structures, nanowires and nanopores[1,2,3] are being explored as suitable sensors for bio-molecules in ultralow concentrations. Large scale integration offered by silicon technology becomes indispensable when analyzing large amounts of different bio-entities. The most compelling example is the sequencing of DNA with CMOS based platforms. Millions of sensing sites are required to cover the informative genetic aberrations of the human genome, that in total contains 3 billion base pairs. Silicon CMOS technology has been the enabling technology[4,5] to reduce the cost of analysis to a few 100 USD per analysis. Equal emphasis should be put on scaling the fluidic networks required to prepare samples towards those molecular detection devices in order to speed up the total analysis time starting directly from patient material. Figure 1 shows such a silicon microfluidic chip[6], to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's), those SNP aberrations are important e.g. for analyzing cancer subtypes, drug response prediction.
The inhibitory effects of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone on the population spike, evoked in the rat hippocampal CA1 stratum pyramidale in vitro, can be blocked selectively by epiallopregnanolone (2000)

The progesterone metabolites allopregnanolone (Allo, 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) and pregnanolone (Preg, 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one) enhance the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) action through a distinct site on the GABAA-receptor. Their 3beta-isomers epiallopregnanolone (Epiallo, 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) and epipregnanolone (Epipreg, 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one), do not have these effects on GABAA-receptors. We have studied the interaction between Allo/Preg and their 3beta-isomers on action potentials in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. The Schaffer collaterals were stimulated electrically in CA1 striatum radiatum and the population spike (POPSP) was recorded in stratum pyramidale. A 0.5-nL droplet of drug was applied locally onto stratum oriens-pyramidale via a pressure pipett. Muscimol (Mus) (12.5 fmol), Allo and Preg (6.25 fmol) caused a reversible inhibition of POPSP. On the other hand, 6.25 fmol Epiallo had no significant effect on POPSP compared with the vehicle control. Combined Epiallo and Allo application caused a dose-dependent reduction of the Allo inhibition of POPSP. A full blockage was seen at a molar ratio of 1:1. Epiallo also blocked the Preg inhibition of POPSP, when the two drugs were combined in a molar ratio of 1:1. Epiallo did not block the Mus inhibition of POPSP, when the two drugs were combined at a molar ratio of 1:2. Bath perfusion of 12.5 microM Epiallo blocked the inhibition of 6.25 fmol Allo on POPSP, but not the inhibition caused by 12.5 fmol Mus. Epipreg did not block the inhibition of Allo and Preg on POPSP, when it was combined with the two latter drugs at a molar ratio of 1:1. Our data suggest that the steroid modulation of the GABAA transmitted inhibition of the CA1 pyramidal neurones is selectively and dose dependently blocked by Epiallo, the 3beta-hydroxy-isomer of Allo, but not by Epipreg, the 3beta-hydroxy-isomer of Preg.
A Phase I, first-in-human, open label, dose escalation study of MGD007, a humanized gpA33 × CD3 dual-affinity re-targeting (DART®) protein in patients with relapsed/refractory metastatic colorectal carcinoma (2014)

Meeting abstracts Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third-most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S., and the third-most common cause of cancer death. There were 136,830 new cases of CRC and 50,310 deaths due to CRC in 2014. For patients with unresectable metastatic disease, initial therapy
The Effect of Emerging Traffic Patterns on High Speed Wireless LANs (2015)

As average packet sizes in wireless networks shrink and data rates increase, the fundamental CSMA mechanism in the 802.11 protocol family is put under stress. With the emerg- ing 802.11ax standard, the carrier sensing mechanism is low- ering the efficiency of the protocol to the level of random access (ALOHA), and as future-generation 802.11 standards emerge, CSMA-based protocols will fall below this level. In this paper we make two main contributions to the litera- ture. First, we will extend previous analysis to examine more closely the quality of the information obtained from channel sensing, in particular the probability of this infor- mation being incorrect and the correlation between true and sensed channel state. Second, we examine how to use this analysis to improve existing CSMA-based protocols, in par- ticular the 802.11 protocol family. (Less)
Myosin in Cultured Fibroblasts (1974)

Abstract Myosin has been identified in three independently derived cell lines of fibroblasts: normal rat kidney cells, mouse 3T3 cells, and mouse L cells. A quantitative two-step procedure for its extraction from as little as 200 mg of cultured fibroblasts (wet weight) has been developed. Myosin constitutes from 0.5 % to over 3 % of the total fibroblast protein. Cell fractionation suggests that the myosin principally resides in the cytoplasm. One virus-transformed, normal rat kidney cell line contained one-half of the myosin of its NRK parent. Treatment of L cells during culture with N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and theophylline had no effect on their myosin content. Actin and tubulin were identified in L cells.
Process Capability and Elastomer Stamp Lifetime in Micro Transfer Printing (2016)

Elastomer stamp based micro assembly or micro-transfer printing is a practical method for heterogeneous integration of micro-scale devices onto non-native substrates. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of stamp lifetime on performance and assess the useful lifetime of a stamp, both key metrics for using this technology in a manufacturing environment. We also review the performance of micro transfer-printing in several applications where >99% print yields and precise placement has been demonstrated.
The cost‐effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle intervention in the treatment of obesity (2019)

Phentermine is the cost-effective pharmacologic weight-loss strategy. Although semaglutide is the most effective, it is not cost-effective because of its high price.
Real-Time System for Adaptive Video Streaming Based on SVC (2007)

This paper presents the integration of scalable video coding (SVC) into a generic platform for multimedia adaptation. The platform provides a full MPEG-21 chain including server, adaptation nodes, and clients. An efficient adaptation framework using SVC and MPEG-21 digital item adaptation (DIA) is integrated and it is shown that SVC can seamlessly be adapted using DIA. For protection of packet losses in an error prone environment an unequal erasure protection scheme for SVC is provided. The platform includes a real-time SVC encoder capable of encoding CIF video with a QCIF base layer and fine grain scalable quality refinement at 12.5 fps on off-the-shelf high-end PCs. The reported quality degradation due to the optimization of the encoding algorithm is below 0.6 dB for the tested sequences.
Smart Tracers for Geothermal Reservoir Assessment (2014)

Abstract not provided
Efficient computation of the Pareto boundary for the MISO interference channel with perfect CSI (2010)

We consider the two-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) interference channel and the rate region which is achieved when the receivers treat the interference as additive Gaussian noise and the transmitters have perfect channel state information (CSI). We propose a computationally efficient method for calculating the Pareto boundary of the rate region. We show that the problem of finding an arbitrary Pareto-optimal rate pair, along with its enabling beamforming vector pair, can be cast as a sequence of second-order cone programming (SOCP) feasibility problems. The SOCP problems are convex and they are solved very efficiently using standard off-the-shelf (namely, interior-point) algorithms. The number of SOCP problems that must be solved, for the computation of a Pareto-optimal point, grows only logarithmically with the desired accuracy of the solution.
Post-mortem high-resolution MRI of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis (2001)

We used high-resolution MRI to study the post-mortem appearance of spinal cord multiple sclerosis in relation to histopathology and low-resolution images. Fifty-nine 3 cm long formalin-fixed spinal cord specimens from 19 multiple sclerosis patients and three controls were studied. Clinical characteristics of each patient were reviewed. High-field MRI consisted of proton-density weighted spin-echo imaging with an in-plane resolution of 80 microm. Specimens were also imaged at 1.0 T, with 1 mm pixel resolution. After MRI, the specimens were cut at 5 mm intervals and stained for myelin (Luxol fast blue/cresyl violet) and axons (Bodian method). Two observers scored the MRIs for abnormalities and divided them into (i) well-delineated areas of high signal intensity (SI) and (ii) poorly defined areas of mildly increased SI. Abnormalities were scored semiquantitatively, white matter and grey matter separately. In 81 sections the total area of abnormalities per section was measured on both histopathology sections and on matched high-field MRIs. Abnormalities ranged from just a few abnormal areas to complete involvement of the spinal cord specimen. Patients with an aggressive disease course had more abnormalities than patients with a mild or intermediate disease course. Areas of mildly increased SI were seen in all specimens, and were often found around focal high-SI lesions. However, in six patients, areas of mildly increased SI were the predominant finding on the MRIs, correlating with a primary progressive disease course. Histopathologically, high-SI areas correlated with complete demyelination, while mildly increased SI corresponded with partial demyelination. All areas scored as abnormal by the neuropathologist were also found on the MRIs, and sizes measured using both methods correlated well (r = 0.85, P<0.01). On conventional MRIs, abnormalities could be recognized fairly well. However, better differentiation could be made between high-SI and mildly increased SI abnormalities on the 4.7 T images. In conclusion, high-resolution MRI revealed a great range of abnormalities in spinal cord multiple sclerosis, which related to disease course during life. Furthermore, we found very good correlation between the extent of abnormalities shown by histopathology and the SI changes on proton-density MRIs, mainly relating to demyelination revealed histopathologically.
[Paper] Low-light Color Reproduction by Selective Averaging in Multi-aperture Camera with Bayer Color-filter Low-noise CMOS Image Sensors (2015)

We have demonstrated effectiveness of the selective averaging with a multi-aperture camera for reducing image sensor noise such as random telegraph signal (RTS) noise and large dark current shot noise. In this paper, noise reduction capability in color reproduction with the proposed method is studied by simulation, where we assume an ultra-high-sensitivity 2 x 2-aperture color camera. In the prototype camera, which is being developed, low-noise Bayer color-filter 0.18um CMOS image sensors based on the folding-integration and cyclic column ADCs with 1280 x 1024 effective pixels are utilized. The synthetic F-number is 0.6. Simulation shows that the effective noise in terms of the peak of noise in histogram is reduced from 1.44 electrons to 0.74 electrons, and RTS noise and large dark current shot noise are successfully removed. Color reproduction errors are quantitatively evaluated. The root-mean-square errors of blue, green, red, and white in the CIE-xy color space becomes approximately a half after the selective averaging.
Peer Instruction: A User's Manual (1997)

I. OVERVIEW. 1. Introduction. 2. Peer Instruction. 3. Motivating the Students. 4. A Step-by-Step Guide to Preparing for a Peer Instruction Lecture. 5. Sample Lecture. 6. Epilogue. II. RESOURCES. 7. Mechanics Baseline Test. 8. Force Concept Inventory. 9. Questionnaire Results. 10. Reading Quizzes. 11. Concept Tests. 12. Conceptual Exam Questions. Appendix: Disk Instructions. Index.
Can the Activated Carbon that is Currently Used in the NBC Protective Wear Be Replaced (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.