gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Proton Beam Therapy System Dedicated to Spot-Scanning Increases Accuracy with Moving Tumors by Real-Time Imaging and Gating and Reduces Equipment Size (2014)

This simulation study demonstrated that the RGPT was able to improve the dose distribution markedly for moving tumors without very large treatment time extension. The proton beam therapy system dedicated to spot-scanning with a gating function for real-time imaging increases accuracy with moving tumors and reduces the physical size, and subsequently the cost of the equipment as well as of the building housing the equipment.
LRP-2 controls the localization of C. elegans SYS-1/beta-catenin (2019)

The polarity of the C. elegans P7.p cell divisions is controlled by the Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry pathway (Green et al., 2008; Minor et al., 2013). This pathway includes the β-catenin-like proteins SYS-1 and WRM-1, POP-1/TCF, and the Nemo-like-kinase, LIT-1 (reviewed by Mizumoto and Sawa, 2007). The Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry pathway ensures different ratios of SYS-1 to POP-1, controlling the differential transcription of Wnt target genes between daughters of an asymmetric cell division. Because our genetic data indicate an antagonism between LRP-2 and LIN-17 similar to that between CAM-1 and VANG-1 and LIN-17 (Minor and Sternberg, 2019), we wanted to determine if LRP-2 can control the asymmetric localization of SYS-1 between the daughter cells of P7.p during anaphase of the first cell division. The initial establishment of vulval polarity can be observed through the localization of VENUS::SYS-1 (VNS::SYS-1), localized in a high (P7.pa)/low (P7.pp) pattern in the wild-type worm, reciprocal to the localization of POP-1/TCF (Phillips et al., 2007; Green et al., 2008). It was previously reported (Green et al. 2008) that VNS::SYS-1 asymmetry in P7.p daughter cells is often lost in lin-17(n671) and lin-18(e620) mutants. These mutants display two aberrant patterns of VNS::SYS-1 localization as well as the wild-type pattern, though less frequently. The two deviant localization patterns include one in which both P7.pa and P7.pp express equal amounts of VNS::SYS-1 and a reversed VNS::SYS-1 pattern in which P7.pp is enriched with VNS::SYS-1. By observing VNS::SYS-1 localization in a lin-17(n671); lrp-2(gk272) background we see that the aberrant localization of SYS-1 is suppressed to a similar degree to that of lin-17(n671); cam-1(gm122) and lin-17(n671); vang-1(ok1142). This observation confirms LRP-2 controls vulval cell polarity by antagonizing LIN-17 in a similar fashion to CAM-1 and VANG-1, and that the effect of LRP-2 is at the level of P7.p rather than its progeny.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Ynolates via Reductive Lithiation Using Flow Microreactors. (2014)

Abstract The in situ generated ynolates are subsequently reacted with carbonyl compounds.
ESWL and cavitation bubble dynamics. (1991)

For a period of several months the authors have had the opportunity to use a Dornier XL1 experimental lithotripter. With this device a detailed investigation of the role of acoustic cavitation in stone commination, has been undertaken using facsimile stones made of plaster of Paris. These results will be presented as well as studies of the nonlinear bubble dynamics of cavitation bubbles produced by the experimental lithotripter. [We acknowledge the Dornier Corporation for the use of the experimental lithotripter as well as support in part by the NIH.]
Dynamic Culturing of Smooth Muscle Cells in Tubular Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering (2010)

Porous, tubular, flexible, and elastic poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) scaffolds (length 8 cm and inner diameter 3 mm) for vascular tissue engineering were prepared by means of a dip-coating and particulate leaching procedure. Using NaCl as porogen, scaffolds with an average pore size of 110 μm and a porosity of 85% were obtained. Before leaching the salt, the structures were made creep-resistant by means of crosslinking at 25 kGy gamma irradiation. To increase the efficiency of cell seeding, the scaffolds were provided with a microporous outer layer of 0.2 mm with an average pore size of 28 μm and a porosity of 65% (total wall thickness 1 mm). Human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded in these scaffolds with an efficiency of 43%, as determined after 24 h cell adhesion. SMCs were cultured in the scaffolds up to 14 days under stationary conditions or under pulsatile flow conditions in a bioreactor (pressure 70-130 mmHg, 69 pulsations/min, and average wall shear rate 320 s(-1)). Although SMCs proliferated under both conditions, cell numbers were three to five times higher in case of dynamic culturing. This was qualitatively confirmed by means of histology. Also, in terms of mechanical properties, the dynamically cultured constructs performed better than the statically cultured constructs. After culturing for 14 days, the maximum tensile strengths of the constructs, determined in the radial direction, had increased from 0.16 MPa (unseeded scaffold) to 0.48 MPa (dynamic culturing) and 0.38 MPa (static culturing). The results of this study indicate that a potentially useful medial layer for tissue-engineered vascular grafts can be prepared by dynamic culturing of human SMCs seeded in porous tubular poly(trimethylene carbonate) scaffolds.
Determination of linkage positions in peracetylated (methyl) xylo-oligosaccharides with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1993)

Distinction between the linkage types 1-->2, 1-->3 and 1-->4 of xylobioses can be achieved on the basis of the unimolecular decomposition spectra of the oxonium ions of the per-O-acetylated methyl glycosides. The spectra of the oxonium ions of various unbranched xylotri-, tetra- and pentaoses allow determination of the linkage position between the xylose residues. This indicates that in unbranched peracetylated xylo-oligosaccharides the linkage between the xylose residues at the non-reducing end can be determined.
Identifying genetic networks underlying myometrial transition to labor (2005)

These results implicate the myometrium as an essential regulator of endocrine hormone (cortisol and progesterone synthesis) and signaling pathways (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP stimulation) that direct quiescence via the transcriptional upregulation of both novel and previously associated regulators. With term activation, we observe the upregulation of cytoskeletal remodeling mediators (intermediate filaments), cell junctions, transcriptional regulators, and the coordinate downregulation of negative control checkpoints of smooth muscle contractile signaling. This analysis provides new evidence of multiple parallel mechanisms of uterine contractile regulation and presents new putative targets for regulating myometrial transformation and contraction.
Engineered RBCs Encapsulating Antigen Induce Multi-Modal Antigen-Specific Tolerance and Protect Against Type 1 Diabetes (2022)

Antigen-specific therapies that suppress autoreactive T cells without inducing systemic immunosuppression are a much-needed treatment for autoimmune diseases, yet effective strategies remain elusive. We describe a microfluidic Cell Squeeze<sup>®</sup> technology to engineer red blood cells (RBCs) encapsulating antigens to generate tolerizing antigen carriers (TACs). TACs exploit the natural route of RBC clearance enabling tolerogenic presentation of antigens. TAC treatment led to antigen-specific T cell tolerance towards exogenous and autoantigens in immunization and adoptive transfer mouse models of type 1 diabetes (T1D), respectively. Notably, in several accelerated models of T1D, TACs prevented hyperglycemia by blunting effector functions of pathogenic T cells, particularly in the pancreas. Mechanistically, TACs led to impaired trafficking of diabetogenic T cells to the pancreas, induced deletion of autoreactive CD8 T cells and expanded antigen specific Tregs that exerted bystander suppression. Our results highlight TACs as a novel approach for reinstating immune tolerance in CD4 and CD8 mediated autoimmune diseases.
The Naked Mole Rat Genome Resource: facilitating analyses of cancer and longevity-related adaptations (2014)

We analyzed the annotation of this new improved assembly and identified candidate genomic adaptations which may have contributed to the evolution of the naked mole rat's extraordinary traits, including in regions of p53, and the hyaluronan receptors CD44 and HMMR (RHAMM). Furthermore, we developed a freely available web portal, the Naked Mole Rat Genome Resource (http://www.naked-mole-rat.org), featuring the data and results of our analysis, to assist researchers interested in the genome and genes of the naked mole rat, and also to facilitate further studies on this fascinating species.
Constitutive and inducible expression of drug metabolizing enzymes in cultured human keratinocytes (1995)

Drug metabolizing enzymes, particularly those involved in the metabolism of carcinogenic chemicals, were characterized in cultured human keratinocytes. Using immunoblotting experiments, we analysed the expression of phase I enzymes, cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and NADPH reductase, and phase II enzymes, phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoform pi, in the presence of either classical inducers (i.e. 3-methylcholanthrene, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, phenobarbital, and clofibrate) or all-trans retinoic acid (RA). This study has shown that the expression of CYP1A1 and UGT is concomitantly induced by 3-methylcholanthrene, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and RA, and that of NADPH reductase is only enhanced by phenobarbital and RA. In contrast, the expression of GST pi was not affected by the inducers. Using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we have demonstrated that the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and RA on CYP1A1 expression correlate with an increase of CYP1A1 mRNA level. Our results indicate that, with the exception of clofibrate, xenobiotics and RA differentially modulate the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes.
Self-Crosslinking Rubber/Rubber and Rubber/Thermoplastic Blends: A Review (2001)

Abstract Blends of two or more polymers having appropriate reactive groups can be crosslinked through condensation or substitution reactions in the absence of crosslinking chemicals when molded at high temperatures for prolonged times. When at least one of the two polymers is a rubber, such blends are called “self-crosslinking rubber blends.” Self-crosslinking rubber/rubber blends included in this review are binary CSM/ENR, ENR/XNBR, CR/ENR, ENR/Zn-SEPDM, CSM/XNBR and CR/XNBR blends, and ternary CR/XNBR/ENR and CSM/XNBR/ENR blends. Self-crosslinking thermoplastic/rubber blends include binary PVC/XNBR, PVC/ENR, PVC/NBR, PVC/HNBR, PAA/CR and PAA/ENR blends, and a ternary PVC/ENR/XNBR blend. The formation of crosslinks in self-crosslinking blends is manifested in the rise of the rheometer torque with time. Solvent swelling studies and dynamic mechanical analysis support the self-crosslinking behavior of the blends. The extent of crosslinking depends on the amount and reactivity of the functional groups of the two blend components, the time and temperature of the reaction. In general, the self-crosslinked rubber/rubber blends behave like conventional rubber vulcanizates with respect to physical properties and can be reinforced by fillers. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to identify the chemical structures formed during self-crosslinking, allowing the elucidation of the mechanism of self-crosslinking.
Antitumor activity of the novel human breast cancer growth inhibitor, mammary-derived growth inhibitor-related gene, MRG. (1997)

A novel human tumor growth inhibitor was identified by differential cDNA sequencing. The predicted amino acid sequence of this tumor-suppressing factor has a significant sequence homology to mouse mammary-derived growth inhibitor and thus was named mammary-derived growth inhibitor-related gene (MRG). MRG was found to be expressed in normal and benign human breast tissues but not in breast carcinomas. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated a stage-specific MRG expression as follows. MRG was barely detectable in breast carcinomas, showed partial and weak expression in benign hyperplasia, but was expressed at a high level in normal breast epithelial cells. To determine if MRG can modulate in vivo growth of human breast cancers, we transfected a full-length MRG cDNA into MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and studied the orthotopic growth of MRG transfectants versus control transfectants in the mammary fat pad of athymic nude mice. Overexpression of MRG in human breast cancer cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in an orthotopic nude mouse model. These results suggest that MRG has tumor-suppressing activity, and the loss of MRG expression may be involved in the development and progression of breast cancer.
Near-field acoustical imaging with boundary arrays (1992)

High-resolution acoustical imaging requires the use of short-duration (wideband) pulses for good resolution in range, and two-dimensional (2-D) transducer arrays for good resolution and scanning in both lateral directions. However, 2-D arrays often contain an impractically large number of elements, so it is important to find sparse 2-D arrays which can perform as well as densely populated 2-D arrays. Boundary arrays are a particular class of sparse arrays which have elements located only on the boundary of some planar region. Signal processing techniques have been developed that effectively fill in the missing elements in the interior of the boundary array. These techniques were originally proposed in the context of narrowband imaging of far-field scenes. The techniques are applied to near-field imaging with wideband pulses. Simulations indicate that the methods are effective in this context also, and thus 2-D boundary arrays can produce high-quality images in acoustical imaging applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Medium- to High-Throughput SNP Genotyping Using VeraCode Microbeads (2009)

Recent breakthroughs in multiplexed SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping technology have enabled global mapping of the relationships between genetic variation and disease. Discoveries made by such whole-genome association studies often spur further interest in surveying more focused subsets of SNPs for validation or research purposes. Here we describe a new SNP genotyping platform that is flexible in assay content and multiplexing (up to 384 analytes), and can serve medium- to high-throughput applications. The Illumina BeadXpress platform supports the GoldenGate Genotyping Assay on digitally inscribed VeraCode microbeads to allow streamlined workflow, rapid detection, unparalleled data reproducibility and consistency. Thus, it is a highly valuable tool for biomarker research and validation, pharmaceutical development, as well as the development of molecular diagnostic tests.
Antitumor IgE Adjuvanticity: Key Role of FcεRI (2009)

Working with C57BL/6 mouse tumor models, we had previously demonstrated that vaccination with IgE-coated tumor cells can protect against tumor challenge, an observation that supports the involvement of IgE in antitumor immunity. The adjuvant effect of IgE was shown to result from eosinophil-dependent priming of the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. The protective effect is likely to be mediated by the interaction of tumor cell-bound IgE with receptors, which then trigger the release of mediators, recruitment of effector cells, cell killing and tumor Ag cross-priming. It was therefore of utmost importance to demonstrate the strict dependence of the protective effect on IgE receptor activation. First, the protective effect of IgE was confirmed in a BALB/c tumor model, in which IgE-loaded modified VV Ankara-infected tumor cells proved to be an effective cellular vaccine. However, the protective effect was lost in Fc(epsilon)RIalpha(-/-) (but not in CD23(-/-)) knockout mice, showing the IgE-Fc(epsilo)nRI interaction to be essential. Moreover, human IgE (not effective in BALB/c mice) had a protective effect in the humanized knockin mouse (Fc(epsilon)RIalpha(-/-) hFc(epsilon)RIalpha(+)). This finding suggests that the adjuvant effect of IgE could be exploited for human therapeutics.
N-Acetyldopamine dimers from Oxya chinensis sinuosa attenuates lipopolysaccharides induced inflammation and inhibits cathepsin C activity (2022)

<i>Oxya chinensis sinuosa</i> (rice field grasshopper) is an edible insect with numerous health beneficial properties, traditionally being used to treat many ailments in Korea and other countries. <i>O. chinensis sinuosa</i> has been used from centuries, however, a little is known about the chemical functionality of its bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory and cathepsin C inhibitory activities of <i>N</i>-acetyldopamine dimer (2R, 3S)-2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-acetylamino-7-(<i>N</i>-acetyl-2″-aminoethyl)-1,4-benzodioxane (DAB1) isolated from <i>O. chinensis sinuosa</i>. Results showed that DAB1 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediator (iNOS, COX-2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and curtailed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα in lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. Additionally, DAB1 inhibited cathepsin C activity at the cellular level, supported by <i>in vitro</i> assay (Ki, 71.56 ± 10.21 µM and Kis, 133.55 ± 18.2 µM). Moreover, combinatorial molecular simulation and binding free energy analysis suggested a significant stability and binding affinity of cathepsin C-DAB1 complex via formation of hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with the catalytic residues (Gln228, Thr379, Asn380, and Hie381). Also, essential dynamics analysis showed DAB1 induced non-functional motions in cathepsin C structure. Collectively, DAB1 was concluded as anti-inflammatory and cathepsin C inhibiting agent and could be used in the drug development against respective diseases.
High Performance and Subambient Silicon Microchannel Cooling (2006)

Abstract High performance single-phase Si microchannel coolers have been designed and characterized in single chip modules in a laboratory environment using either water at 22°C or a fluorinated fluid at temperatures between 20 and −40°C as the coolant. Compared to our previous work, key performance improvements were achieved through reduced channel pitch (from 75 to 60 microns), thinned channel bases (from 425 to 200 microns of Si), improved thermal interface materials, and a thinned thermal test chip (from 725 to 400 microns of Si). With multiple heat exchanger zones and 60 micron pitch microchannels with a water flow rate of 1.25lpm, an average unit thermal resistance of 15.9Cmm2∕W between the chip surface and the inlet cooling water was demonstrated for a Si microchannel cooler attached to a chip with Ag epoxy. Replacing the Ag epoxy layer with an In solder layer reduced the unit thermal resistance to 12.0Cmm2∕W. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of −30°C and 60 micron pitch microchannels with an Ag epoxy thermal interface layer, the average unit thermal resistance was 25.6Cmm2∕W. This fell to 22.6Cmm2∕W with an In thermal interface layer. Cooling &amp;gt;500W∕cm2 was demonstrated with water. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of −30°C, a chip with a power density of 270W∕cm2 was cooled to an average chip surface temperature of 35°C. Results using both water and a fluorinated fluid are presented for a range of Si microchannel designs with a channel pitch from 60 to 100 microns.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL PREPARATION OF TRANSITION‐METAL CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH 1,1,2,2‐TETRAFLUORO‐1,2‐DISILACYCLOBUTENES AS LIGANDS (1982)

Abstract Durch photochemische Reaktion des Disilacyclobutens (I) mit Metallcarbonylverbindungen werden Komplexe mit fünfgliedriger Disilametalla‐Struktur erhalten.
The bipolar assembly domain of the mitotic motor kinesin-5 (2013)

An outstanding unresolved question is how does the mitotic spindle utilize microtubules and mitotic motors to coordinate accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis? This process depends upon the mitotic motor, kinesin-5, whose unique bipolar architecture, with pairs of motor domains lying at opposite ends of a central rod, allows it to crosslink microtubules within the mitotic spindle and to coordinate their relative sliding during spindle assembly, maintenance and elongation. The structural basis of kinesin-5's bipolarity is, however, unknown, as protein asymmetry has so far precluded its crystallization. Here we use electron microscopy of single molecules of kinesin-5 and its subfragments, combined with hydrodynamic analysis plus mass spectrometry, circular dichroism and site-directed spin label electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, to show how a staggered antiparallel coiled-coil 'BASS' (bipolar assembly) domain directs the assembly of four kinesin-5 polypeptides into bipolar minifilaments.
Broadband Wired and Wireless Access System with Novel Sub-Nyquist Sampling-Rate ADC Receiver (2020)

To meet the broadband requirement of future wired and wireless access systems, we proposed the delay-division-multiplexing scheme with sub-Nyquist sampling ADC to simplify the user receivers without performance degradation. We successfully demonstrated both broadband multi-users OFDMA-PONs and 60-GHz OFDM 2x2 MIMO wireless systems.
Introducer Design Concepts for an Epicardial Parallel Wire Robot (2021)

Introducer mechanisms demonstrate feasibility in facilitating the robot's deployment on the epicardium. Pericardium insertion forces and procedure times are consistent and reasonable.
Progress Report on Standards and Technology–Audio (2014)

One of the most exciting developments to take place in the past several years in the field of audio is the emergence of compelling and practical next-generation immersive audio solutions. These were first developed as solutions for the theatrical market and are now seeing strong interest in key areas such as broadcast and consumer electronics.
Minimal Preoperative Degenerative Arthritis May Not Predict Poor TKA Outcome (2015)

Although most orthopedic surgeons presume that patients with more severe degenerative osteoarthritis are better candidates for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), few data have compared outcomes based on the extent of radiographic osteoarthritis. The authors tested the hypothesis that patients with minimal radiographic osteoarthritis would have worse outcomes compared with a matched cohort with severe osteoarthritis. The authors identified 29 patients (31 knees) with minimal degenerative changes who underwent TKA between 2000 and 2004. The authors identified a matched cohort with severe osteoarthritis. Mean follow-up was 5 years (range, 2-10 years). Preoperative knee scores were 63 and 59 in patients with minimal osteoarthritis and severe osteoarthritis, respectively. Postoperative knee scores were 89 and 93, respectively. Preoperative function scores were 57 and 56 in patients with minimal osteoarthritis and severe osteoarthritis, respectively. Postoperative function scores increased to 79 and 72, respectively. Of 31 patients in the minimal osteoarthritis group, 26 (84%) had mild or no pain at the time of last follow-up, whereas 5 (16%) had moderate or severe pain. In the group with severe osteoarthritis, 25 of 31 patients (81%) had mild or no pain at the time of last follow-up, whereas 6 (19%) had moderate or severe pain. In the group with minimal osteoarthritis, 6 of 31 knees (19%) had a complication. Only 1 of 31 knees (3.1%) in the matched cohort had a complication. Fewer than 1% of patients undergoing TKA at the authors' institution had minimal preoperative radiographic osteoarthritis. These patients had a higher risk of complications, but similar pain relief, function, and overall satisfaction compared with a matched group with severe arthritis.