gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural tree network/vector quantization probability estimators for speaker recognition (2002)

A new classification system for text-independent speaker recognition is presented. This system combines the output probabilities of distortion-based classifiers and a discriminant-based classifier. The distortion-based classifiers are the vector quantization (VQ) classifier and Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The discriminant-based classifier is the neural tree network (NTN). The VQ and GMM classifiers provide output probabilities that represent the distortion between the observation and the model. Hence, these probabilities provide an intraclass measure. The NTN classifier is based on discriminant training and provides output probabilities that represent an interclass measure. Since, these two classifiers base their decision on different criteria, they can be effectively combined to yield improved performance. Two combining methods are evaluated for several speaker recognition tasks, including speaker verification and closed set speaker identification. The results show the both methods to yield advantages for the speaker recognition tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Frontal Affinity Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry Useful for Characterization of New Ligands for GPR17 Receptor (2010)

The application of frontal affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry (FAC-MS), along with molecular modeling studies, to the screening of potential drug candidates toward the recently deorphanized G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR17 is shown. GPR17 is dually activated by uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes, and is expressed in organs typically undergoing ischemic damage (i.e., brain, heart and kidney), thus representing a new pharmacological target for acute and chronic neurodegeneration. GPR17 was entrapped on an immobilized artificial membrane (IAM), and this stationary phase was used to screen a library of nucleotide derivatives by FAC-MS to select high affinity ligands. The chromatographic results have been validated with a reference functional assay ([(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assay). The receptor nucleotide-binding site was studied by setting up a column where a mutated GPR17 receptor (Arg255Ile) has been immobilized. The chromatographic behavior of the tested nucleotide derivatives together with in silico studies have been used to gain insights into the structure requirement of GPR17 ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Concerning Amino Acids and Peptides. Part 103. Concerning Cyclopeptides. Part 32. Synthesis of Enopeptin B from Streptomyces sp. RK‐1051. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research challenges on multi-layer and mixed-initiative monitoring and adaptation for service-based systems (2012)

Adaptation of complex service-based systems is one of the most challenging research problems for the Future Internet. A considerable effort has been dedicated in recent years to address this problem. However, there are still several important issues that call for concrete solutions. In this paper, we present a set of research challenges for muti-layer and mixed-initiative adaptation and monitoring that may guide the research in this area for the next 5-10 years.
Characteristics of Premature Ventricular Complexes as Correlates of Reduced Left Ventricular Systolic Function: Study of the Burden, Duration, Coupling Interval, Morphology and Site of Origin of PVCs (2011)

In addition to the PVC burden, other characteristics like a longer PVC duration, presence of nonsustained VT, multiform PVCs and right ventricular PVCs might be associated with cardiomyopathy.
Regulation of murine macrophage function by IL-4: IL-4 and IFN-gamma differentially regulate macrophage tumoricidal activation. (1993)

To understand the differential role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the process of macrophage tumoricidal activation, we investigated the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide in activated murine macrophages and the effects of those lymphokines on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated down-regulation. IFN-gamma and IL-4 increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production by different mechanisms because IL-4, unlike IFN-gamma, failed to overcome the LPS-hyporesponsiveness in C3H/HeJ mice. Moreover, only IFN-gamma synergized with LPS to induce nitric oxide production and blocked eicosanoid-mediated down-regulation. These differential effects of IFN-gamma and IL-4 on the select efferent cytolytic activities may be the result of an altered or different signal transduction pathway. Because potentiation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity by IFN-gamma has been previously documented, we next studied the role of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in alteration of enzymatic activity of PKC. Two lymphokines caused translocation of PKC from cytosol to membrane with different levels, providing a biochemical basis for explaining how two lymphokines lead to different phenotypic responses. Although treatment of macrophages with IFN-gamma and IL-4 gave rise to a similar enhancing effect on macrophage TNF-alpha production, these two lymphokines appeared to differentially regulate the overall functional state of macrophages for tumour cell killing capability. Additionally, this differential regulation seems to be accomplished in part by different biochemical events.
45nmHigh-k/Metal-Gate CMOS Technology forGPU/NPUApplications withHighest PFETPerformance (2007)

satisfy thecost/performance requirements simultaneously, Highest planar HK/MG PFET performance (IoN=howtointegrate PMOSFETinto thegate first isakey. In 790gAatIo 100nA, Vdd=IVandLg=33nm) has this paper, we addressed onthePMOSFETperformance beendemonstrated withagate-first dual-metal CMOS enhancement withthegate first process using state ofthe integrated process andproven byfunctional SRAM cell.art45nm-node high-performance process, whichis Integrating modernstressors without ILre-growth and optimized fordual-HK/MG stack. achieving bandedgeworkfunction without increasing TINVaretwomajorchallenges forgate-first HK/MG Device fabrication andperformance processes. Inthiswork,band-edge effective work Figure1 showsschematic illustration of CMOS function hasbeenachieved without increasing TIN. integration schemeadopted inthiswork,including Furthermore, withsuccessful integration ofstressHf-based gatedielectric, dualmetal gate electrode, e-SiGe, techniques likeSiGe-S/D, SMT andCESL,notonlySMTanddual-CESL (dual contact etch stoplayer). PFET performance was improved by30% butalsono TEM cross-section forLg=33nmalongwithSEM reliability degradation was observed. Finally, no top-view ofCMOS integrated SRAM cells areshownin degradation fromdecreasing poly-pitch also suggests itsFig.2. Excellent gate profile isespecially emphasized. goodscalability tonextgenerations. t-CESL
SiO2 Beads Decorated with SrO Nanoparticles for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Microwave Irradiation (2016)

Energy sources are necessary for human existence, comfort, and progress. Limited crude petroleum resources and increasing awareness of the environmental impacts of using fossil fuels motivate the search for new energy sources and alternate fuels. Herein, a low cost, fast, and green methodology for the synthesis of a hybrid solid base catalyst, strontium oxide coated millimetric silica beads (SrO@SiO2), is designed for the transesterification of cooking oil into biodiesel in a domestic microwave oven. The cost reduction is due to the effective utilization of the catalyst by the homogeneous dispersion of the active sites on the silica beads and their reusability. The catalyst synthesis process was optimized with respect to the amount of glass beads, microwave irradiation time, calcination time, and calcination temperature. Several methods for synthesizing SrO by minimizing energy consumption were investigated, and an optimized process for designing SrO@SiO2 was developed. The SrO@SiO2 catalyst produced under optimum conditions was characterized by TGA, XRD, FTIR, ICP, SEM, and TEM. XRD analysis indicated peaks typical of SrO alone. ICP analysis indicated 41.3 wt % deposition of SrO on silica beads. The novel solid base catalyst thus generated was used for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. Conversion values as high as 99.4 wt % in 10 s irradiation were observed from 1H NMR analysis using this composite catalyst, indicating the feasibility of economical biodiesel production from cooking oil waste in a very short time.
Physiological models for the analysis and synthesis of speech (2002)

In this paper the authors discuss the representation of a speech signal in terms of the properties of the vocal apparatus that generated it. This representation is interesting because it is in terms of parameters that are actually controlled in human speech production.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Factors Associated with Mortality in Transplant Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis (2010)

There are multiple variables associated with survival in transplant patients with IA. Understanding these prognostic factors may assist in the development of treatment algorithms and clinical trials.
Lessons learned from the history of rabies vaccination in Colombia using the one health approach (2023)

Canine and human rabies vaccination in Colombia began at the National Institute of Health in the second decade of the 20th century. The National Veterinary School (the National University of Colombia) also contributed to the vaccination and diagnosis of canines, in addition to the diagnosis of rabies in wildlife. A combination of international cooperation and, from the 1960s onwards, increased funding of several national institutions to support the production of animal vaccines served to further progress rabies research, vaccination campaigns and diagnosis in Colombia. The country’s success in controlling canine-transmitted rabies, resulting in an approximately 90% reduction in national human rabies cases, was recognised throughout the Americas; consequently, the activities were modelled in other nations of the region. Additionally, the Ministry of Health played a key role in controlling bovine outbreaks to minimise infection risk in animal carcasses for human consumption in northern Colombia. However, in 2000, the public laboratories for vaccine production for humans and animals were closed, creating a gap in cost-effective disease control strategies in the country. In reviewing the history of rabies control in Colombia through a One Health approach, we present some lessons learned and propose improvements for the country’s long-term rabies vaccination programmes through the integration of human and animal (both domestic and wild) activities in vaccine production and roll-out. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of engaging various government, academic, private, non-government agencies and general public stakeholders in rabies control and prevention programs, especially those in remote rural settings. Finally, we present a proposal to create the national One Health Strategic Action Plan to support the operationalization of a cross-sectoral integrated zoonoses control programme in Colombia.
Architecture and Implementation of an Interpolation Processor for Soft-Decision Reed–Solomon Decoding (2007)

Reed-Solomon codes are powerful error-correcting codes that can be found in many digital communications standards. Recently, there has been an interest in soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon codes, incorporating reliability information from the channel into the decoding process. The Koetter-Vardy algorithm is a soft-decision decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes which can provide several dB of gain over traditional hard-decision decoders. The algorithm consists of a soft-decision front end to the interpolation-based Guruswami-Sudan list decoder. The main computational task in the algorithm is a weighted interpolation of a bivariate polynomial. We propose a parallel architecture for the hardware implementation of bivariate interpolation for soft-decision decoding. The key feature is the embedding of both a binary tree and a linear array into a 2-D array processor, enabling fast polynomial evaluation operations. An field-programmable gate array interpolation processor was implemented and demonstrated at a clock frequency of 23 MHz, corresponding to decoding rates of 10-15 Mb/s
A Phase 1 Clinical Study of Intravenous Administration of PV701, an Oncolytic Virus, Using Two-Step Desensitization (2006)

This novel two-step desensitization improved patient tolerability compared with the previous regimen. Toxicities were predictable and manageable. PV701, the first oncolytic virus to enter phase 1 i.v. testing, continues to show single-agent activity, warranting planned phase 2 trials.
Cultivar-Dependent Expression of a Maize Lipoxygenase Responsive to Seed Infesting Fungi (2001)

Maize kernels are highly susceptible to Aspergillus spp. infection and aflatoxin (AF) contamination. Fatty acid signaling molecules appear to mediate the plant-fungal interaction by affecting the growth, development, and AF production of the fungus. In particular, fatty acid derivatives of the plant lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway are implicated in the Aspergillus spp.-seed interaction. The 9(S)-hydroperoxide derivative of linoleic acid promotes transcription of AF genes, whereas the 13(S)-hydroperoxide derivative decreases AF gene expression and production; both are sporulation factors. Our goal was to identify LOX genes responsive to Aspergillus spp. colonization and determine their specificities, 9(S)- or 13(S)-. Screening maize LOX expressed sequence tags (ESTs) identified one clone, cssap 92, which is highly expressed in Aspergillus spp.-infected seed susceptible to AF contamination and repressed in lines with resistance to AF contamination. The accumulation of cssap 92 transcript was similar during Fusarium spp. infection. The cDNA clone has 94% identity to the previously described L2 LOX gene from maize. Product-specificity analysis of the CSSAP 92 protein shows that it preferentially adds oxygen to carbon 9 of linoleic acid. Because 9(S)-hydroperoxy linoleic acid has been implicated as an aflatoxin-signaling molecule, it is possible that cssap 92 could be used as a biomarker that is indicative of AF resistance in maize lines.
Correction: Corrigendum: Matrix metalloproteinase 11 protects from diabesity and promotes metabolic switch (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 25140; published online: 29 April 2016; updated: 31 May 2016 In the PDF version of this Article, there is a typographical error in the Discussion section, “Human type 2 diabetes patients exhibited increased plasma levels of TIMP1 and TIMP237.” should read: “Human type 2 diabetes patients exhibited increased plasma levels of TIMP1 and TIMP235.
Abstract 16959: Interleukin-1 Blockade in Acute Decompensated Systolic Heart Failure: Results of the Anakinra in Decompensated Heart Failure Pilot Study (2015)

Background: The inflammatory response in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) may contribute to the progression of the disease, complication, and re-hospitalization. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in HF. We hypothesized that IL-1 blockade, with Anakinra (Kineret™, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum), would quench the acute inflammatory response in patients with ADHF. Methods: We randomized 30 patients with ADHF, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF&lt;40%), and elevated C reactive protein (CRP) levels (≥5 mg/l) to either Anakinra 100 mg twice daily for 3 days followed by once daily for 11 days or matching placebo, in a 1:1 double blinded fashion. We measured CRP and IL-6 plasma levels using high-sensitivity assays, daily for 5 days, and then again at 14 days and evaluated the area-under-the-curve (AUC) and interval change (delta). Results: Treatment with Anakinra was well tolerated: there were 7 adverse events in 6 patients treated with Anakinra and 12 in 10 patients treated with placebo (OR 0.33 [0.08-1.48, P=0.15). Two patients in the Anakinra group and 5 in the placebo group suspended treatment prematurely (OR 0.31 [0.05-1.93], P=0.21). When compared with placebo, Anakinra did not reduce the CRP-AUC at 4 days (primary endpoint) or at 14 days, while it significantly reduced the IL-6-AUC at 4 and 14 days (Table). Two patients in the Anakinra group and 3 patients in the placebo group experienced worsening HF or readmission for HF (OR 0.61 [0.09-4.34], P=0.62). In patients with paired baseline and day 14 echocardiograms (N=14), Anakinra was associated with a greater recovery in LVEF vs placebo (+10% [+3/+14] vs 0 [-16%/+5%], P=0.020, respectively). Conclusions: IL-1 blockade with Anakinra in patients with ADHF appears to be safe and is associated with a blunted inflammatory response. Further studies are warranted to determine whether this anti-inflammatory effect translates into improved clinical outcomes.
Human microRNA-299-3p decreases invasive behavior of cancer cells by downregulation of Oct4 expression and causes apoptosis (2017)

The results suggest that microRNA-299-3p is an interesting target for potential clinical use. It may be able to decrease invasive behaviour of carcinoma cells; or even kill these cells by causing apoptosis.
Antigen- and receptor-driven regulatory mechanisms. VIII. Suppression of idiotype-negative, p-azobenzenearsonate-specific T cells results from the interaction of an anti-idiotypic second-order T suppressor cell with a cross-reactive-idiotype-positive, p-azobenzenearsonate-primed T cell target. (1981)

The suppressor pathway that regulates the T cell response to p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-coupled cells has been studied. It has been found that the ability of anti-idiotypic second-order T suppressor cells (Ts2) to inhibit T cell-dependent delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses depended upon the presence of cross-reactive-idiotype (CRI)-bearing T cells present in ABA-primed mice. This suppressor T cell subset, termed Ts2, so exists with CRI-negative T cells that mediate DTH in vivo. It appears that antigen-activated CRI+ Ts3 require signals from the anti-CRI Ts2 subset to suppress DTH reactions in an idiotype-nonspecific manner. The relevance of these observations to a comprehensive scheme of T and B cell regulation is discussed.
Where does one stand: a biological account of preferred interpersonal distance (2015)

What determines how close you choose to stand to someone? Why do some people prefer farther distances than others? We hypothesized that an important factor is one's sensory sensitivity level, i.e. how sensitive one is to nearby visual stimulation, noise, touch or smell. This study characterizes the behavioral, hormonal and electrophysiological metrics of interpersonal distance (IPD) preferences in relation to levels of sensory sensitivity. Using both an ecologically realistic task and electroencephalogram (EEG), we found that sensory sensitivity levels predicted IPD preferences, such that the more sensitive one is the farther distance they prefer. Furthermore, electrophysiological evidence revealed that individuals with higher sensory sensitivity show more alpha suppression for approaching stimuli, strengthening the notion that early sensory cortical excitability is involved in one's social decision of how close to stand to another. The results provide evidence that a core human metric of social interaction is influenced by individual levels of sensory sensitivity.
Affinity and kinetic modulation of polyamide–DNA interactions byN‐modification of the heterocycles (2013)

Synthetic N-methyl imidazole and N-pyrrole containing polyamides (PAs) that can form "stacked" dimers can be programmed to target and bind to specific DNA sequences and control gene expression. To accomplish this goal, the development of PAs with lower molecular mass which allows for the molecules to rapidly penetrate cells and localize in the nucleus, along with increased water solubility, while maintaining DNA binding sequence specificity and high binding affinity is key. To meet these challenges, six novel f-ImPy*Im PA derivatives that contain different orthogonally positioned moieties were designed to target 5'-ACGCGT-3'. The synthesis and biophysical characterization of six f-ImPy*Im were determined by CD, ΔTM, DNase I footprinting, SPR, and ITC studies, and were compared with those of their parent compound, f-ImPyIm. The results gave evidence for the minor groove binding and selectivity of PAs 1 and 6 for the cognate sequence 5'-ACGCGT-3', and with strong affinity, Keq = 2.8 × 10(8) M(-1) and Keq = 6.2 × 10(7) M(-1), respectively. The six novel PAs presented in this study demonstrated increased water solubility, while maintaining low molecular mass, sequence specificity, and binding affinity, addressing key issues in therapeutic development.
Unsupervised decoder initialization for brain-machine interfaces using neural state space dynamics (2013)

One of the key elements in the design of neuro-motor Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) is the neural decoder design. In a biomimetic approach, the decoder is typically trained from concurrent recordings of neural and kinematic or motor imagery data. The non-availability of the latter data imposes a practical problem for patients with lost motor functions. An alternative approach is a biofeedback approach in which subjects are encouraged to `learn' an arbitrary mapping between neural activity and the external end effector. In this work, we propose an unsupervised decoder initialization scheme to be used in the biofeedback approach that alleviates the need for synchronized kinematic or motor imagery data for decoder training. The approach is totally unsupervised in that the recorded neural activity is directly used as training data for a decoder designed to provide `desirable' features in the decoded control signal. The decoder is trained from `spontaneous' neural data when the BMI subject is not engaged in any behavioral task, and we demonstrate its ability to generalize to neural data collected when the subject is in a different behavioral state.