gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Order Reduction of Time-Delay Systems Using a Laguerre Expansion Technique (2014)

The demands for miniature sized circuits with higher operating speeds have increased the complexity of the circuit, while at high frequencies it is known that effects such as crosstalk, attenuation and delay can have adverse effects on signal integrity. To capture these high speed effects a very large number of system equations is normally required and hence model order reduction techniques are required to make the simulation of the circuits computationally feasible. This paper proposes a higher order Krylov subspace algorithm for model order reduction of time-delay systems based on a Laguerre expansion technique. The proposed technique consists of three sections i.e., first the delays are approximated using the recursive relation of Laguerre polynomials, then in the second part, the reduced order is estimated for the time-delay system using a delay truncation in the Laguerre domain and in the third part, a higher order Krylov technique using Laguerre expansion is computed for obtaining the reduced order time-delay system. The proposed technique is validated by means of real world numerical examples.
31-GHz single-carrier, 44.6-Gbps photonic wireless transmission using a wide-bandwidth high power photodetector and a pre-distortion technique (2016)

Single-carrier photonic wireless transmission at 31 GHz and 8.0 Gbaud with 64QAM is successfully achieved with error-free operation. A newly developed wide bandwidth high power photodetector and a pre-equalizing subsystem are presented.
&amp;alpha;-Methylprednisolone conjugated cyclodextrin polymer-based nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy (2008)

Jungyeon Hwang1, Kathleen Rodgers2, James C Oliver3, Thomas Schluep11Insert Therapeutics, Inc., Pasadena, CA, USA; 2Livingston Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; James C Oliver, Peptagen, Inc., Raleigh, NC USAAbstract: A glycinate derivative of &amp;amp;alpha;-methylprednisolone (MP) was prepared and conjugated to a linear cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) with a loading of 12.4% w/w. The polymer conjugate (CDP-MP) self-assembled into nanoparticles with a size of 27 nm. Release kinetics of MP from the polymer conjugate showed a half-life (t1/2) of 50 h in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and 19 h in human plasma. In vitro, the proliferation of human lymphocytes was suppressed to a similar extent but with a delayed effect when CDP-MP was compared with free MP. In vivo, CDP-MP was administered intravenously to mice with collagen-induced arthritis and compared with free MP. CDP-MP was administered weekly for six weeks (0.07, 0.7, and 7 mg/kg/week) and MP was administered daily for six weeks (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg/day). Body weight changes were minimal in all animals. After 28 days, a significant decrease in arthritis score was observed in animals treated weekly with an intermediate or high dose of CDP-MP. Additionally, dorsoplantar swelling was reduced to baseline in animals treated with CDP-MP at the intermediate and high dose level. Histological evaluation showed a reduction in synovitis, pannus formation and disruption of architecture at the highest dose level of CDP-MP. MP administered daily at equivalent cumulative doses showed minimal efficacy in this model. This study demonstrates that conjugation of MP to a cyclodextrin-polymer may improve its efficacy, leading to lower doses and less frequent administration for a safer and more convenient management of rheumatoid arthritis.Keywords: &amp;amp;alpha;-methylprednisolone (MP), cyclodextrin polymer (CDP), polymer conjugate (CDP-MP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR)
Climate change forecasting using data mining algorithms (2023)

Abstract Water management is very important for human life sustainability. Rainfall forecasting is one of the most important factors for the water management of an area. A forecast is simply a calculation of what happens in the future based on past information under the assumption that the pattern followed in the past would continue in the future also. This work aims at obtaining forecasting models for the time series data set using conventional models and computational models. Varanasi City's annual climate data for a total of 113 years is used for the analysis. Initially, the individual model is considered and used for forecasting. Later, hybrid models will be considered and a comparison between individual models and hybrid models would be obtained. The individual statistical models to be considered are moving average, exponential smoothing with one parameter, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The forecast is also done individually using the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and interpolation technique cubic spline. Finally, the best-chosen statistical models and the interpolation model are coupled with kNN to develop hybrid models and with these hybrid models, the forecast is done for the data. All the models will be compared and the best among them will be chosen.
Ion identity molecular networking for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the GNPS environment (2021)

Molecular networking connects mass spectra of molecules based on the similarity of their fragmentation patterns. However, during ionization, molecules commonly form multiple ion species with different fragmentation behavior. As a result, the fragmentation spectra of these ion species often remain unconnected in tandem mass spectrometry-based molecular networks, leading to redundant and disconnected sub-networks of the same compound classes. To overcome this bottleneck, we develop Ion Identity Molecular Networking (IIMN) that integrates chromatographic peak shape correlation analysis into molecular networks to connect and collapse different ion species of the same molecule. The new feature relationships improve network connectivity for structurally related molecules, can be used to reveal unknown ion-ligand complexes, enhance annotation within molecular networks, and facilitate the expansion of spectral reference libraries. IIMN is integrated into various open source feature finding tools and the GNPS environment. Moreover, IIMN-based spectral libraries with a broad coverage of ion species are publicly available.
Influence of a TiCl4Post-Treatment on Nanocrystalline TiO2Films in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2006)

In this study, the influence of the TiCl(4) post-treatment on nanocrystalline TiO(2) films as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells is investigated and compared to nontreated films. As a result of this post-treatment cell efficiencies are improved, due to higher photocurrents. On a microscopic scale TiO(2) particle growth on the order of 1 nm is observed. Despite a corresponding decrease of BET surface area, more dye is adsorbed onto the oxide surface. Although it seems trivial to match this finding with the improved photocurrent, this performance improvement cannot be attributed to higher dye adsorption only. This follows from comparison between incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and light absorption characteristics. Since the charge transport properties of the TiO(2) films are already more than sufficient without treatment, the increase in short circuit current density J(SC) cannot be related to improvements in charge transport either. Transient photocurrent measurements indicate a shift in the conduction band edge of the TiO(2) upon TiCl(4) treatment. It is concluded that the main contribution to enhanced current originates from this shift in conduction band edge, resulting in improved charge injection into the TiO(2).
Biopatterned CTLA4/Fc Matrices Facilitate Local Immunomodulation, Engraftment, and Glucose Homeostasis After Pancreatic Islet Transplantation (2016)

Pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) represents a potential therapy to circumvent the need for exogenous insulin in type 1 diabetes. However, PIT remains limited by lack of donor islets and the need for long-term multidrug immunosuppression to prevent alloimmune islet rejection. Our goal was to evaluate a local immunoregulatory strategy that sustains islet allograft survival and restores glucose homeostasis in the absence of systemic immunosuppression. Nanogram quantities of murine CTLA4/Fc fusion protein were controllably delivered within human acellular dermal matrix scaffolds using an inkjet-based biopatterning technology and cotransplanted with allogeneic islets under the renal capsule to create an immunoregulatory microenvironment around the islet allograft. We achieved long-term engraftment of small loads of allogeneic islet cells with 40% of MHC-mismatched mouse recipients maintaining sustained normoglycemia following pancreatic β-cell ablation by streptozotocin. Biopatterned CTLA4/Fc local therapy was associated with expansion of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells and shifts in cytokine production and gene expression from proinflammatory to regulatory profiles, thus substantially benefiting islet allografts survival and function. This study is a new paradigm for targeted therapies in PIT that demonstrates the favorable effects of immune alterations in the transplant milieu and suggests a unique strategy for minimizing systemic immunosuppression and promoting islet allograft survival.
Hydrodynamic Isotonic Fluid Delivery Ameliorates Moderate-to-Severe Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Kidneys (2017)

Highly aerobic organs like the kidney are innately susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which can originate from sources including myocardial infarction, renal trauma, and transplant. Therapy is mainly supportive and depends on the cause(s) of damage. In the absence of hypervolemia, intravenous fluid delivery is frequently the first course of treatment but does not reverse established AKI. Evidence suggests that disrupting leukocyte adhesion may prevent the impairment of renal microvascular perfusion and the heightened inflammatory response that exacerbate ischemic renal injury. We investigated the therapeutic potential of hydrodynamic isotonic fluid delivery (HIFD) to the left renal vein 24 hours after inducing moderate-to-severe unilateral IRI in rats. HIFD significantly increased hydrostatic pressure within the renal vein. When conducted after established AKI, 24 hours after I/R injury, HIFD produced substantial and statistically significant decreases in serum creatinine levels compared with levels in animals given an equivalent volume of saline <i>via</i> peripheral infusion (<i>P</i><0.05). Intravital confocal microscopy performed immediately after HIFD showed improved microvascular perfusion. Notably, HIFD also resulted in immediate enhancement of parenchymal labeling with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. HIFD also associated with a significant reduction in the accumulation of renal leukocytes, including proinflammatory T cells. Additionally, HIFD significantly reduced peritubular capillary erythrocyte congestion and improved histologic scores of tubular injury 4 days after IRI. Taken together, these results indicate that HIFD performed after establishment of AKI rapidly restores microvascular perfusion and small molecule accessibility, with improvement in overall renal function.
Microstructure and Properties of Self‐Reinforced Silicon Nitride (1993)

Problems associated with manufacturing Si 3 N 4 /SiC‐whisker composites have been overcome by developing selfreinforced Si 3 N 4 with elongated β‐Si 3 N 4 grains formed in situ from oxynitride glass. This Si 3 N 4 –Y 2 O 3 –MgO–SiO 2 –CaO‐based material has a flexure strength &gt;1000 MPa and fracture toughness &gt;8 MPa·m ½ . The optimum combination of mechanical properties has been obtained with Y 2 O 3 :MgO ratios ranging from 3:1 to 1:2, CaO contents ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 wt%, and Si 3 N 4 contents between 90 and 96 wt%.
Immune Responses and Protection against Experimental Challenge after Vaccination of Bison withBrucella abortusStrain RB51 or RB51 Overexpressing Superoxide Dismutase and Glycosyltransferase Genes (2009)

Vaccination is a tool that could be beneficial in managing the high prevalence of brucellosis in free-ranging bison in Yellowstone National Park. In this study, we characterized immunologic responses and protection against experimental challenge after vaccination of bison with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) or a recombinant RB51 strain overexpressing superoxide dismutase (sodC) and glycosyltransferase (wboA) genes (RB51+sodC,wboA). Bison were vaccinated with saline only or with 4.6 x 10(10) CFU of RB51 or 7.4 x 10(10) CFU of RB51+sodC,wboA (n = eight animals/treatment). Bison vaccinated with RB51 or RB51+sodC,wboA had greater (P < 0.05) antibody responses, proliferative responses, and production of gamma interferon to RB51 after vaccination than did nonvaccinates. However, bison vaccinated with RB51+sodC,wboA cleared the vaccine strain from draining lymph nodes faster than bison vaccinated with the parental RB51 strain. Immunologic responses of bison vaccinated with RB51+sodC,wboA were similar to responses of bison vaccinated with RB51. Pregnant bison were intraconjunctivally challenged in midgestation with 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain 2308. Bison vaccinated with RB51, but not RB51+sodC,wboA vaccinates, had greater protection from abortion, fetal/uterine, mammary, or maternal infection than nonvaccinates. Our data suggest that the RB51+sodC,wboA strain is less efficacious as a calfhood vaccine for bison than the parental RB51 strain. Our data also suggest that the RB51 vaccine is a currently available management tool that could be utilized to help reduce brucellosis in free-ranging bison.
Post-deployment usability (2011)

Despite the growing research on usability in the pre-development phase, we know little about post-deployment usability activities. To characterize these activities, we surveyed 333 full-time usability professionals and consultants working in large and small corporations from a wide range of industries. Our results show that, as a whole, usability professionals are currently not playing a substantial role in the post-deployment phase compared to other phases of user-centered design, but when they do, practitioners find their interactions quite valuable. We highlight opportunities in HCI research and practice to bridge this gap by working more closely with software support and maintenance teams. We also raise the need to understand what might be called 'usability maintenance,' that is, the process and procedures, by which usability is maintained after deployment.
Real-time tracking ATAK cells in vivo (52.1) (2011)

Abstract Background: Activated Targeted Killer (ATAK) cells are a cellular immunotherapy which protects neutropenic mice from invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis. However,the lifespan and distribution of ATAK cells into organs has not been determined in vivo. Methods: ATAK cells were stably transfected with a luminescence reporter system. Neutropenic mice were imaged by IVIS after administration of coelentrazine substrate. RT-PCR was used to confirm the luminescence results. Results: On day 1 after ATAK cell administration, livers, kidneys, and spleens were infiltrated by the ATAK cells. By day 3, cells had infiltrated more significantly into the spleen, and also spread into the lungs. By day 5, cell signal began to wane. By day 8, the day after neutrophil recovery, there was no detectable signal. By RT-PCR, viable cells were detected at 6 hours and 3 days after treatment. By day 5, no mRNA was detected. Mouse immunity to ATAK cells was detectable by ELISA and flow cytometry post-neutrophil recovery. Discussion: ATAK cells are viable and circulate widely into visceral organs in neutropenic mice, commensurate with their ability to protect mice from tissue invasive fungal infections. Hence the cells can provide protection during the critical neutropenic period yet the risk of engraftment is minimized by host-versus-graft affect after marrow recovery.
The influence of interfacial adhesion on the piezoelectric response of electroceramic/polymer composites (1985)

Abstract The nature of the interfacial adhesion in composites of electroceramics and polymers was found to exert a profound influence on the piezoelectric activity of PZT-polymer composites with 1–3 connectivity and perforated PZT-polymer composites with 3–1 and 3–2 connectivity patterns. Treatment of the electroceramic surface with coupling agents (e.g., organosilanes or organstitanates) apparently improves the interfacial adhesion sufficiently to provide more efficient stress transfer from the polymer to the PZT. The [gbar]h and [dbar]h coefficients of the composites with coupling agents are from 20 to 35% higher than those prepared without coupling agent.
Indirect Electrical-Control Through Heating of a GeTe Phase Change Switch and Its Application to Reflexion Type Phase Shifting (2023)

This paper presents a switch based on GeTe (Germanium-Telluride) phase-change material (PCM) suitable for millimeter-wave applications. A shunt configuration with indirect excitation through heating is proposed to facilitate the implementation process in integrated circuits and to reduce impact on RF signal. Electromagnetic simulations, from 50 GHz up to 70 GHz, of two parallel switches shunted a CPW transmission line (TL) show an overall ON-state resistance (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> ) of 3 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\Omega$</tex> with an OFF-state capacitance (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</inf> ) of 7.1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{fF}$</tex> . This leads to a high Figure-of-Merit with a cutoff frequency of 7.5 THz. The demonstrated performance is validated through the design of a reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS), where a 3-dB branch-line coupler is loaded with tunable-length lines using those shunt-switches. Simulation results of the RTPS show great precision in terms of phase tunability with an insertion loss (IL) less than 2.7 dB at 60 GHz.
Preparation of specific polyclonal antibodies to a C-C chemokine receptor, CCR1, and determination of CCR1 expression on various types of leukocytes (1996)

cDNA cloning has revealed the presence of at least three distinct human receptors for macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and RANTES: C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, 4, and 5. To clarify the physiological role of CCR1, we prepared specific antibodies to CCR1 by immunizing rabbits with recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fused with its NH2-terminal portion. The resultant antibodies stained positively 293 cells transfected with CCR1 cDNA but neither parental cells nor cells transfected with CXCR1 [interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor type A] cDNA, confirming its specificity. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes but not neutrophils express CCR1. Positive staining of transfectants, monocytes, and lymphocytes was inhibited by the GST protein fused with the NH2-terminal portion of CCR1, further indicating that this antibody recognized the NH2-terminal portion of CC CKR1. A majority of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, or CD16+ peripheral blood lymphocytes but not CD19+ lymphocytes expressed CCR1. Among CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD45RO+ cells expressed a larger number of CCR1 compared with CD45RO-. Moreover, CD34+ cells in human bone marrow as well as cord blood were uniformly stained with this antibody. Furthermore, the antibody inhibited calcium mobilization in CCR1 transfectants stimulated with human rMIP-1alpha, suggesting that its NH2-terminal portion is critically involved in ligand binding or signaling. Finally, the antibody partially inhibited monocyte chemotactic activities of human rMIP-1alpha, suggesting that CCR1 is a functional receptor for MIP-1alpha on human peripheral blood monocytes.
28 GHz propagation channel measurements for 5G microcellular environments (2018)

This paper presents results from several 28 GHz propagation channel measurement campaigns performed with a real-time channel sounder that is capable of performing directionally-resolved channel measurements in dynamic environments. We summarize the key results from three measurement campaigns; microcellular in a residential environment, stationarity region, and dynamic scatterers measurements in urban environments.
Increased Quantum Dot Loading by pH Control Reduces Interfacial Recombination in Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells (2015)

The power conversion efficiency of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) hinges on interfacial charge transfer. Increasing quantum dot (QD) loading on the TiO2 anode has been proposed as a means to block recombination of electrons in the TiO2 to the hole transport material; however, it is not known whether a corresponding increase in QD-mediated recombination processes might lead to an overall higher rate of recombination. In this work, a 3-fold increase in PbS QD loading was achieved by the addition of an aqueous base to negatively charge the TiO2 surface during Pb cation deposition. Increased QD loading improved QDSSC device efficiencies through both increased light absorption and an overall reduction in recombination. Unexpectedly, we also found increased QD size had the detrimental effect of increasing recombination. Kinetic modeling of the effect of QD size on interfacial charge transfer processes provided qualitative agreement with the observed variation in recombination lifetimes. These results demonstrate a robust method of improving QD loading, identify the specific mechanisms by which increased QD deposition impacts device performance, and provide a framework for future efforts optimizing the device architecture of QDSSCs.
Design and optimization of a fused‐silica microfluidic device for separation of trivalent lanthanides by isotachophoresis (2019)

Elemental analysis of rare earth elements is essential in a variety of fields including environmental monitoring and nuclear safeguards; however, current techniques are often labor intensive, time consuming, and/or costly to perform. The difficulty arises in preparing samples, which requires separating the chemically and physically similar lanthanides. However, by transitioning these separations to the microscale, the speed, cost, and simplicity of sample preparation can be drastically improved. Here, all fourteen non-radioactive lanthanides (lanthanum through lutetium minus promethium) are separated by ITP for the first time in a serpentine fused-silica microchannel (70 µm wide × 70 µm tall × 33 cm long) in <10 min at voltages ≤8 kV with limits of detection on the order of picomoles. This time includes the 2 min electrokinetic injection time at 2 kV to load sample into the microchannel. The final leading electrolyte consisted of 10 mM ammonium acetate, 7 mM α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the final terminating electrolyte consisted of 10 mM acetic acid, 7 mM α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, and 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone. Electrophoretic electrodes are embedded in the microchip reservoirs so that voltages can be quickly applied and switched during operation. The limits of detection are quantified using a commercial capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C<sup>4</sup> D) to calculate ITP zone lengths in combination with ITP theory. Optimization of experimental procedures and reproducibility based on statistical analysis of subsequent experimental results are addressed. Percent error values in band length and conductivity are ≤8.1 and 0.37%, respectively.