gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneously induced magnetic anisotropy in an ultrathin Co/MoS2 heterojunction (2020)

Magnetic anisotropy (MA) is a material preference that involves magnetization aligned along a specific direction and provides a basis for spintronic devices. Here we report the first observation of strong MA in a cobalt-molybdenum disulfide (Co/MoS<sub>2</sub>) heterojunction. Element-specific magnetic images recorded with an X-ray photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) reveal that ultrathin Co films, of thickness 5 monolayers (ML) and above, form micrometer (μm)-sized domains on monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> flakes of size tens of μm. Image analysis shows that the magnetization of these Co domains is oriented not randomly but in directions apparently correlated with the crystal structure of the underlying MoS<sub>2</sub>. Evidence from micro-area X-ray photoelectron spectra (μ-XPS) further indicates that a small amount of charge is donated from cobalt to sulfur upon direct contact between Co and MoS<sub>2</sub>. As the ferromagnetic behavior found for Co/MoS<sub>2</sub> is in sharp contrast with that reported earlier for non-reactive Fe/MoS<sub>2</sub>, we suggest that orbital hybridization at the interface is what makes Co/MoS<sub>2</sub> different. Our report provides micro-magnetic and micro-spectral evidence that consolidates the knowledge required to build functional heterojunctions based on two-dimensional (2D) materials.
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments (2009)

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 5th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS Conference on Virtual Execution Environments (VEE'09). This year's conference continues the VEE tradition of being the premier forum for presentation of research results on all aspects of virtualization.

VEE is unique in that it brings together diverse elements of virtualization research, most notably operating system virtualization and virtual machines for programming languages. Reflecting the broad scope of these communities, VEE is again being co-located with ASPLOS, a cross-disciplinary conference that spans programming language, operating system, and architecture research. Since 2007, VEE has had two program chairs - one each from the operating systems and programming languages communities. The program committee also reflects a balanced representation of these two communities.

The call for papers attracted 40 submissions, from which the program committee accepted 14 papers for presentation at the conference. The committee evaluated the technical contribution of each submission as well as its general accessibility to the VEE audience. Papers were judged on significance, originality, relevance, correctness, and clarity. Papers in new areas or novel approaches were especially encouraged. The resulting program has operating system-oriented papers outnumbering those with a languages focus by approximately two to one.
Lignin Valorization by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Fractionation of Lignocellulose to Yield Monophenolic Compounds (2019)

Abstract Invited for this month's cover is the group of Joseph S. M. Samec at Stockholm University together with Duangamol Tungasmita from Chulalongkorn University. The image shows cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalyst on nitrogen‐doped carbon support outperforming the noble‐metal‐based competitors. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201802497 .
Data reduction for human protein index (1983)

In a general sense, proteins constitute the working parts of cells; thus, the spectrum of proteins present in a particular cell type reflects and in some sense defines the functional properties of the cell. Until recently, it has not been feasible to inventory the proteins of cells and tissues because of the technical problems associated with resolving and detecting thousands of separate polypeptides. The introduction, however, of two-dimensional electrophoresis (iso- electric-focusing in 9 M urea + 2% NP-40 detergent, followed by perpendicular electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate) has made it possible to identify and quantitate thousands of proteins in submilligram samples. The technique offers the possibility of extending pathology to the molecular level by providing a general tool for observing differences in the molecular composition of normal and abnormal cells and tissues. The net result of vigorous application of this approach would constitute the Human Protein Index, a catalog of the human proteins, their functions, sites and times of expression, biochemical properties, etc.
Day-of-injury CT as an index to pre-injury brain morphology: Degree of post-injury degenerative changes identified by CT and MR neuroimaging (1993)

A detailed case study is presented in which pre-injury CT scan findings are compared and contrasted with post-injury CT and MR results in a case of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The day-of-injury scan represented an adequate estimate of pre-injury morphological status based on cross-sectional area measurements of the ventricular system. By comparing pre-injury CT measurements with those obtained on the day of injury, 2 days post-injury and 16 months post-injury via assessing cross-sectional area of select ventricular regions (e.g. anterior and temporal horns, body and third ventricle) it was demonstrated that the TBI induced over a 50% ventricular expansion. Such ventricular expansions are felt to provide some index into diffuse axonal injury which may provide a means of eventually quantifying the degree of structural damage secondary to TBI. This analysis also demonstrated that there were no significant differences between selected cross-sectional ventricular areas in the 15 day and 16 month post-injury MR scans. This finding suggests that the degenerative effects of TBI have a rapid onset and are becoming readily apparent by 15 days post-injury. Thus, early imaging may provide a good index of long-term morphological outcome in TBI.
Data from Improved Efficacy of Tafasitamab plus Lenalidomide versus Systemic Therapies for Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL: RE-MIND2, an Observational Retrospective Matched Cohort Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Purpose:&lt;p&gt;In RE-MIND2 (NCT04697160), patient-level outcomes from the L-MIND study (NCT02399085) of tafasitamab plus lenalidomide were retrospectively compared with patient-level matched observational cohorts treated with National Cancer Care Network (NCCN)/European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)-listed systemic therapies for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Data were collected from health records of eligible patients aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed DLBCL who had received ≥2 systemic therapies for DLBCL (including ≥1 anti-CD20 therapy). Patients from L-MIND were matched with patients from the RE-MIND2 observational cohort using estimated propensity score-based 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, balanced for nine covariates. The primary analysis compared tafasitamab plus lenalidomide with patients who received any systemic therapy for R/R DLBCL (pooled in one cohort) or bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) or rituximab plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (R-GemOx; as two distinct cohorts). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included treatment response and time-to-event outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;In RE-MIND2, 3,454 patients were enrolled from 200 sites in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Strictly matched pairs of patients consisted of tafasitamab plus lenalidomide versus systemic therapies pooled (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 76 pairs), versus BR (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 75 pairs), and versus R­GemOx (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 74 pairs). Significantly prolonged OS was reported with tafasitamab plus lenalidomide versus systemic pooled therapies [hazard ratios (HR): 0.55; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0068], BR (HR: 0.42; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), and R-GemOx (HR: 0.47; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0003).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;RE-MIND2, a retrospective observational study, met its primary endpoint, demonstrating prolonged OS with tafasitamab plus lenalidomide versus BR and R-GemOx.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/doi/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-1626" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Cherng and Westin, p. 3908&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Electro-osmotic Pumping of Methanol/Water Mixtures for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications (2006)

We present experimental investigations of porous glass electroosmotic pumping of methanol/water mixture to study the feasibility of electroosmotic pump applications for direct methanol fuel cells. We first measure electroosmotic mobility of deionized water and pure methanol and evaluate pump pressure, flow rate, and current.
Uplink Pilot and Data Power Control for Single Cell Massive MIMO Systems\n with MRC (2015)

This paper considers the jointly optimal pilot and data power allocation in\nsingle cell uplink massive MIMO systems. A closed form solution for the optimal\nlength of the training interval is derived. Using the spectral efficiency (SE)\nas performance metric and setting a total energy budget per co- herence\ninterval the power control is formulated as optimization problems for two\ndifferent objective functions: the minimum SE among the users and the sum SE.\nThe optimal power control policy is found for the case of maximizing the\nminimum SE by converting it to a geometric program (GP). Since maximizing the\nsum SE is an NP-hard problem, an efficient algorithm is developed for finding\nKKT (local maximum) points. Simulation results show the advantage of optimizing\nthe power control over both pilot and data power, as compared to heuristic\npower control policies.\n
Fabrication of 4H-SiC Floating Junction Schottky Barrier Diodes (Super-SBDs) and their Electrical Properties (2006)

4H-SiC floating junction Schottky barrier diodes (Super-SBDs) were fabricated. It was found that their properties are closest to the theoretical limitation, defined by the relationship between specific on-state resistance and breakdown voltage of 4H SiC-unipolar devices. They have a p-type floating layer designed as line-and-spacing. The specific on-state resistances of Super-SBDs with a few micrometers of spacing width were found to be nearly equal to those of conventional SBDs without p-type floating layer. The breakdown voltages of Super-SBDs were higher than those of conventional SBDs. Accordingly the properties of Super-SBDs have improved the trade-off between specific on-state resistance and breakdown voltage, and the highest value to date for Baliga’s Figure of Merit (BFOM) has been obtained.
Characterizing electronic and atomic structures for amorphous and molecular metal oxide catalysts at functional interfaces by combining soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering (2020)

Amorphous thin film materials and heterogenized molecular catalysts supported on electrode and other functional interfaces are widely investigated as promising catalyst formats for applications in solar and electrochemical fuels catalysis. However the amorphous character of these catalysts and the complexity of the interfacial architectures that merge charge transport properties of electrode and semiconductor supports with discrete sites for multi-step catalysis poses challenges for probing mechanisms that activate and tune sites for catalysis. This minireview discusses advances in soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering that provide opportunities to resolve interfacial electronic and atomic structures, respectively, that are linked to catalysis. This review discusses how these techniques can be partnered with advances in nanostructured interface synthesis for combined soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering analyses of thin film and heterogenized molecular catalysts. These combined approaches enable opportunities for the characterization of both electronic and atomic structures underlying fundamental catalytic function, and that can be applied under conditions relevant to device applications.
Spectral Properties of Liquid-Core Bragg Fibers (2009)

We demonstrate significant shifting of the fundamental bandgap of a hollow-core Bragg fiber by systematically filling the core with liquids of various refractive indices. Comparison with theory demonstrates the importance of considering material dispersion.
Steam System Energy Conservation Measures (2010)

This software requires inputs of simple system inventory information and calculates the energy and cost benefits of various retrofit opportunities. This tool includes energy conservation measures for: fixing steam leaks. This tool calculates energy savings, demand reduction, cost savings, and building life cycle costs including: simple payback, discounted payback, net-present value, and savings to investment ratio. In addition this tool also displays the environmental benefits of a project.
x11 performance increase, x6.9 endurance enhancement, 93% energy reduction of 3D TSV-integrated hybrid ReRAM/MLC NAND SSDs by data fragmentation suppression (2012)

A 3D through-silicon-via (TSV) -integrated hybrid ReRAM/multi-level-cell (MLC) NAND solid-state drives' (SSDs') architecture is proposed for PC, server and smart phone applications. NAND-like interface (I/F) and sector-access overwrite policy are proposed for the ReRAM. Furthermore, intelligent data management algorithms are proposed. The proposed algorithms suppress data fragmentation and excess usage of the MLC NAND by storing hot data in the ReRAM. As a result, 11 times performance increase, 6.9 times endurance enhancement and 93% write energy reduction are achieved compared with the conventional MLC NAND SSD. Both ReRAM write and read latency should be less than 3μs to obtain these improvements. The required endurance for ReRAM is 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> . 3D TSV interconnects reduce the energy consumption by 68%.
C1orf194 deficiency leads to incomplete early embryonic lethality and dominant intermediate Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease in a knockout mouse model (2020)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy and shows clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in C1orf194 encoding a Ca2+ regulator in neurons and Schwann cells have been reported previously by us to cause CMT disease. In here, we further investigated the function and pathogenic mechanism of C1or194 by generating C1orf194 knockout (KO) mice. Homozygous mutants of C1orf194 mice exhibited incomplete embryonic lethality, characterized by differentiation abnormalities and stillbirth on embryonic days 7.5-15.5. Heterozygous and surviving homozygous C1orf194 KO mice developed motor and sensory defects at the age of 4 months. Electrophysiologic recordings showed decreased compound muscle action potential and motor nerve conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve of C1orf194-deficient mice as a pathologic feature of dominant intermediate-type CMT. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed demyelination and axonal atrophy in the sciatic nerve as well as swelling and loss of mitochondrial matrix and other abnormalities in axons and Schwann cells. A histopathologic examination showed a loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and muscle atrophy. Shorter internodal length between nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures was detected in the sciatic nerve of affected animals. These results indicate that C1orf194 KO mice can serve as an animal model of CMT with a severe dominant intermediate CMT phenotype that can be used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the disease and evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
Integrated diagnostics: a conceptual framework with examples (2010)

With the advent of digital pathology, imaging scientists have begun to develop computerized image analysis algorithms for making diagnostic (disease presence), prognostic (outcome prediction), and theragnostic (choice of therapy) predictions from high resolution images of digitized histopathology. One of the caveats to developing image analysis algorithms for digitized histopathology is the ability to deal with highly dense, information rich datasets; datasets that would overwhelm most computer vision and image processing algorithms. Over the last decade, manifold learning and non-linear dimensionality reduction schemes have emerged as popular and powerful machine learning tools for pattern recognition problems. However, these techniques have thus far been applied primarily to classification and analysis of computer vision problems (e.g., face detection). In this paper, we discuss recent work by a few groups in the application of manifold learning methods to problems in computer aided diagnosis, prognosis, and theragnosis of digitized histopathology. In addition, we discuss some exciting recent developments in the application of these methods for multi-modal data fusion and classification; specifically the building of meta-classifiers by fusion of histological image and proteomic signatures for prostate cancer outcome prediction.
Cellular uptake and nuclear binding of insulin in human cultured lymphocytes: evidence for potential intracellular sites of insulin action. (1977)

Human cultured lymphocytes (IM-9) were used to demonstrate that insulin can enter the intact cell and bind to the nucleus. When these lymphocytes were incubated with 125I-labeled insulin, specific cellular uptake reached a maximum within 2 min and remained at a plateau for 90 min or longer. Partially purified nuclei from such cells contained approximately 15-20% of the total cellular radioactivity. Nuclei freed of all other cellular fractions (by washing the partially purified nucleic with Triton X-100) bound approximately 7% of the total cellular radioactivity. In contrast to the rapid uptake of labeled insulin into the intact cell, specific binding to the nucleus was half-maximal after 5 min of incubation and maximal after 90 min. Both the cellular uptake and subsequent nuclear binding of labeled insulin were progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of unlabeled hormone. Independent evidence for the nuclear binding of insulin was obtained by preparing autoradiographs of lymphocytes incubated for various times with labeled insulin. Such preparations strongly suggest that insulin binds to the plasma membrane, enters the cytosol, and then binds to the nucleus.
A global approach to nonholonomic motion planning (2005)

The kinematic path planning problem of a nonholonomic system can be posed as a point-to-point control problem of a nonlinear system. This system has the property that it is not locally stabilizable but is globally controllable. The authors present a new algorithm for constructing a feasible path between specified initial and final configurations. The algorithm iteratively warps the entire path until all the constraints are satisfied. Polyhedral constraints in both configuration and nonconfiguration spaces (possibly nonconvex) can also be incorporated in this framework. The algorithm is based on the assumption that the system is usually controllable about a nontrivial trajectory, which is true for many cases. An initial trajectory is iteratively warped until the desired final configuration is reached. Examples of a front-wheel driven car and of tractors with one, two, and three trailers are included to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Targeting TRIP13 in Wilms Tumor with Nuclear Export Inhibitors (2022)

ABSTRACT Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. Despite improvements in the overall survival, relapse occurs in ~15% of patients with favorable histology WT (FHWT). Half of these patients will succumb to their disease. Identifying novel targeted therapies in a systematic manner remains challenging in part due to the lack of faithful preclinical in vitro models. We established ten short-term patient-derived WT cell lines and characterized these models using low-coverage whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing, which demonstrated that these ex-vivo models faithfully recapitulate WT biology. We then performed targeted RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens and identified the nuclear export genes ( XPO1 and KPNB1 ) as strong vulnerabilities. We observed that these models are sensitive to nuclear export inhibition using the FDA approved therapeutic agent, selinexor (KPT-330). Selinexor treatment of FHWT suppressed TRIP1 3 expression, which was required for survival. We further identified in vitro and in vivo synergy between selinexor and doxorubicin, a chemotherapy used in high risk FHWT. Taken together, we identified XPO1 inhibition with selinexor as a potential therapeutic option to treat FHWTs and in combination with doxorubicin, leads to durable remissions in vivo .
In vitro evaluation of new surface coatings for extracorporeal circulation (1999)

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) exposes blood to large, foreign surfaces. This exposure may activate the cellular and humoral inflammatory systems, resulting in inflammatory reactions and organ dysfunction. Coating the inner surfaces of the bypass circuit may help alleviate these side-effects. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of two new surface treatments on blood cell and complement activation. Oxygenator and tubing sets coated with synthetic polymers (n = 7) or heparin (n = 7) were compared to uncoated sets (n = 7) in an in vitro model of CPB. The circuits were run at 4 l/min and recirculated for 120 min. The inflammatory response was assessed at regular intervals by platelet counts, and activation of complement, leucocytes and platelets. We found that the median platelet counts decreased from 127 to 122 x 10(9)/l (not significant, NS) in the synthetic polymer sets, from 96 to 88 x 10(9)/l (NS) in the heparin-coated sets, and from 93 to 54 x 10(9)/l (p < 0.01) in the uncoated sets after 2 h of recirculation. There were significant differences in platelet counts between the coated sets and the uncoated set at end of experiments (p < 0.05). Beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) concentrations increased in the synthetic polymer sets from 166 to 352 ng/ml (p < 0.01), in the heparin coated sets from 336 to 1168 ng/ml (p < 0.01), and in the uncoated sets from 301 to 3149 ng/ml (p < 0.01) after 2 h of recirculation. The differences in BTG at termination of the experiments were significant among all three sets (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations in the synthetic polymer sets increased from 63 to 86 micrograms/l (p < 0.01), in the heparin-coated sets from 90 to 208 micrograms/l (p < 0.01), and in the uncoated sets from 122 to 513 micrograms/l (p < 0.01) after 2 h of recirculation. The differences in MPO at termination of the experiments were significant among all three groups (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences at termination of the experiments among the three sets regarding complement activation as measured by C3 activation products and the terminal complement complex. We conclude that in the current in vitro model of a CPB circuit, the synthetic polymer coating and the heparin coating caused significantly less platelet loss and granulocyte and platelet activation than the uncoated surface (p < 0.05). The synthetic polymer coating caused significantly less granulocyte and platelet activation than the heparin coating (p < 0.05). There was moderate complement activation within each group, but no significant differences among the three groups.
Laser and transistor material on Si substrate (2017)

In this work we study Ge structures grown on silicon substrates. We use photoluminescence and photoreflectance to determine both direct and indirect gap of Ge under tensile strain. The strain is induced by growing the Ge on an InGaAs buffer layer with variable In content. The band energy levels are modeled by a 30 band k·p model based on first principles calculations. Characterization techniques show very good agreement with the calculated energy values.