gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load Variation Reduction by Aggregation in a Community of Rooftop PV Residences (2019)

This paper performs computational studies and develops control schemes for a virtual power plant (VPP) network formed by a community of homes with rooftop solar PV generation, and battery energy storage. Appropriate control and scheduling of the battery operations, and peer-peer power flow between the homes provide a possible solutions for reducing the higher costs and uncertainties brought to grid by high solar PV penetration. The residential community studied here includes twelve homes categorized into four types depending on whether they have energy storage or rooftop solar PV panels. The homes exchange power among themselves, and the real-time electricity rate and the energy assignment for each are decided based on their individual bidding schemes. The homes benefit due to the lower electricity rate enabled by this aggregation, as compared with that available from the utility grid. In this work, the PV generation and load consumption for the different types of homes are calculated from building models. Simulation studies demonstrate that the advantages of the proposed transactive power flow include lower maximum power demand as well as reduced peak-peak power on the duck curve.
Full Cryptanalysis of LPS and Morgenstern Hash Function. (2008)

Collisions in the LPS cryptographic hash function of Charles, Goren and Lauter have been found by Zemor and Tillich [16], but it was not clear whether computing preimages was also easy for this hash function. We present a probabilistic polynomial time algorithm solving this problem. Subsequently, we study the Morgenstern hash, an interesting variant of LPS hash, and break this function as well. Our attacks build upon the ideas of Zemor and Tillich but are not straightforward extensions of it. Finally, we discuss fixes for the Morgenstern hash function and other applications of our results.
Conservation Laws in Biochemical Reaction Networks (2017)

We study the existence of linear and nonlinear conservation laws in biochemical reaction networks with mass-action kinetics. It is straightforward to compute the linear conservation laws as they are related to the left null-space of the stoichiometry matrix. The nonlinear conservation laws are difficult to identify and have rarely been considered in the context of mass-action reaction networks. Here, using the Darboux theory of integrability, we provide necessary structural (i.e., parameter-independent) conditions on a reaction network to guarantee the existence of nonlinear conservation laws of a certain type. We give necessary and sufficient structural conditions for the existence of exponential factors with linear exponents and univariate linear Darboux polynomials. This allows us to conclude that nonlinear first integrals only exist under the same structural condition (as in the case of the Lotka--Volterra system). We finally show that the existence of such a first integral generally implies that the system is persistent and has stable steady states. We illustrate our results by examples.
The evolution of bicontinuous polymeric nanospheres in aqueous solution (2016)

Complex polymeric nanospheres in aqueous solution are desirable for their promising potential in encapsulation and templating applications. Understanding how they evolve in solution enables better control of the final structures. By unifying insights from cryoTEM and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we present a mechanism for the development of bicontinuous polymeric nanospheres (BPNs) in aqueous solution from a semi-crystalline comb-like block copolymer that possesses temperature-responsive functionality. During the initial stages of water addition to THF solutions of the copolymer the aggregates are predominantly vesicles; but above a water content of 53% irregular aggregates of phase separated material appear, often microns in diameter and of indeterminate shape. We also observe a cononsolvency regime for the copolymer in THF-water mixtures from 22 to 36%. The structured large aggregates gradually decrease in size throughout dialysis, and the BPNs only appear upon cooling the fully aqueous dispersions from 35 °C to 5 °C. Thus, the final BPNs are ultimately the result of a reversible temperature-induced morphological transition.
Self-Supervised Training Enhances Online Continual Learning (2021)

In continual learning, a system must incrementally learn from a non-stationary data stream without catastrophic forgetting. Recently, multiple methods have been devised for incrementally learning classes on large-scale image classification tasks, such as ImageNet. State-of-the-art continual learning methods use an initial supervised pre-training phase, in which the first 10% - 50% of the classes in a dataset are used to learn representations in an offline manner before continual learning of new classes begins. We hypothesize that self-supervised pre-training could yield features that generalize better than supervised learning, especially when the number of samples used for pre-training is small. We test this hypothesis using the self-supervised MoCo-V2, Barlow Twins, and SwAV algorithms. On ImageNet, we find that these methods outperform supervised pre-training considerably for online continual learning, and the gains are larger when fewer samples are available. Our findings are consistent across three online continual learning algorithms. Our best system achieves a 14.95% relative increase in top-1 accuracy on class incremental ImageNet over the prior state of the art for online continual learning.
Preparation of 2,4‐Disubstituted Imidazoles: 4‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole (2004)

Abstract 4‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole Benzamidine hydrochloride 4‐Methoxyphenacyl bromide
Broad-Spectrum Heavily Mutated Monoclonal Antibody Isolated from COVID-19 Convalescent Vaccinee with Capacity to Neutralize SARS-CoV2 Variants Ranging from B.1 to BQ.1.1 (2023)

The increasing prevalence of the highly antibody-evasive Omicron sublineages increases the risk of breakthrough infections and leaves high-risk and vulnerable immunocompromised individuals with no effective options for prophylactic or therapeutic antibody treatments. Here, we report a heavily mutated anti-RBD monoclonal antibody, Acovimab, directed against a site in the receptor-binding motif (RBM) region of the CoV2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), that possesses very broad and highly potent neutralizing activity against CoV2 variants, including many Omicron variants. This antibody is derived from the IGHV1-58*01 germline sequence and possesses a relatively high level of mutation (15.5% of the VH aa sequence), which is unusual for anti-RBD antibodies. Neutralizing activity was very potent (IC50s range of 1-9 ng/ml) for early Omicron subvariants that possess an unmutated F486 residue and is retained but less potent (IC50s of 200-650 ng/ml) for more resistant Omicron subvariants which contain the F486V mutation (BA4/5, BA4.6, and BQ1.1), but is lost for the later ultra-resistant variants that contain F486S (XBB) or F486P (XBB.1.5) mutations. Based on these specificities, it is predicted that Acovimab by itself should protect against CoV2 infections other than those caused by the XBB/XBB.1.5 family. Acovimab also shows strong synergy in neutralization when combined with Sotrovimab, which neutralizes all Omicron variants, including XBB.1.5. Plasma from subjects with hybrid immunity (induced by vaccination + infection) possessed low levels of XBB.1.5 RBM-targeting plasma-neutralizing antibodies, and these also neutralized synergistically when combined with Sotrovimab. These results suggest potentially novel immunotherapeutic options for treating most of the CoV2 variants responsible for current infections.
Directional x-ray dark-field imaging (2010)

We introduce a novel x-ray imaging approach that yields information about the local texture of structures smaller than the image pixel resolution inside an object. The approach is based on a recently developed x-ray dark-field imaging technique, using scattering from sub-micron structures in the sample. We show that the method can be used to determine the local angle and degree of orientation of bone, and fibers in a leaf. As the method is based on the use of a conventional x-ray tube we believe that it can have a great impact on medical diagnostics and non-destructive testing applications.
Experience with a Semantically Cognizant Internet White Pages Directory Tool1 (2001)

As wide area networking technology and interconnection improve, an increasingly important problem is allowing users to navigate through the vast array of network accessible resources. In this paper we discuss experience with one technique we have developed in this regard, applied to a specific resource class. We have built a prototype tool that provides a simple Internet white pages directory facility. Given the name of a user and a rough description of where the user works (e.g., the company name or city), the tool attempts to locate telephone and electronic mailbox information about that user. Measurements indicate that the scope of the directory is upwards of 1,147,000 users in 1,929 administrative domains, yet the tool does not require the type of global cooperation that many existing or proposed directory services require, namely, running special directory servers at many sites around the Internet. We accomplish this by building an understanding of the semantics of this particular resource discovery application into the algorithms that support searches, allowing the tool to make aggressive use of existing sources of relatively unstructured information. Being able to make use of such information is important in heterogeneous, administratively decentralized environments, where global agreement about highly structured information formats is difficult to achieve. At present, the tool utilizes information from USENET news messages, the Domain Naming System, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, and the finger protocol, as well as a variety of information about the meaning of and relationships between these information sources. Other sources of resource information (such as the CCITT X.500 directory service) can easily be incorporated into the tool as they become available. The tool achieves good response time through the use of parallel queries. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh 1 This material is based upon work supported in part by NSF cooperative agreement DCR-8420944, and by a grant from AT&T Bell Laboratories.
Droplet Evolution from a Single Hydrophobic Pore in the Diffusion Media of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Conceptual Analysis (2023)

Maintaining a well-balanced water distribution is crucial for the operation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The water distribution depends to a large extent on the ease of liquid water transport in the diffusion media (DM) and in the flow field (FF) on the cathode side and, especially, on processes in boundary regions between these media. In this article, the droplet dynamics at the DM-FF interface are studied by a mechano-hydrodynamic pore model. The presented treatment allows droplet detachment to be rationalized, in dependence of pore radius and air flow velocity. Large pore radius and high air flow velocity favor droplet detachment during an earlier stage of growth, at which the contact line of the droplet remains pinned at the pore opening while the droplet volume expands during growth. We evaluate the trend of detachment time and detachment height of a droplet. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of the air flow velocity on the time-averaged liquid pressure at the pore exit. The physics governing the flooding behavior of the pore is discussed. The presented model-based analyses provide theoretical insights into material properties and operating conditions that improve water removal.
Phase I trial of autologous cMET-directed CAR-t cells administered intravenously in patients with melanoma & breast carcinoma. (2020)

10035 Background: Advanced relapsed/refractory melanoma and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer are lethal diseases for which effective therapies are limited. We conducted a pilot phase I clinical trial (NCT03060356) to establish the safety and feasibility of intravenous autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy targeting cMET, a cell-surface antigen that is highly expressed in these cancers. Methods: Subjects had metastatic or unresectable melanoma (Mel) or triple-negative breast cancer (BC) with ≥30% expression of cMET on archival tissue or screening biopsy. Eligible subjects had measurable disease and progression on at least 1 prior therapy. Patients (pts) received up to 6 doses (1x10 8 total T-cells per dose) of RNA electroporated anti-cMET CAR T cells over a 2-week period without antecedent lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Subjects underwent pre- and post-infusion biopsies. The primary objective was to determine feasibility and safety of treatment. Results: 77 subjects (39 mel, 38 BC) were prescreened for tumor cMET expression and 37 (17 mel, 20 BC) met the eligibility threshold. Seven pts (4 BC, 3 Mel) received cMET-directed CAR T infusions on study. Mean age was 50 years (35-64); median (M) ECOG 0 (0-1); M prior lines of chemotherapy/immunotherapy were 4/0 for BC pts and 1/3 for Mel pts. 6 of 7 pts received all planned CAR T cell infusions, and 1 received 5 infusions. 5 pts experienced grade (G) 1 or G 2 toxicity that was possibly or definitely related to study. Toxicities occurring in ≥1 pt included: anemia (n = 3), fatigue (n = 2), and malaise (n = 2). No G ≥3 toxicities or cytokine release syndrome were observed. No pts discontinued therapy due to toxicity. Best response was stable disease in 4 pts (2 BC, 2 Mel) and PD in 3 pts (2 BC, 1 Mel). Messenger RNA signals corresponding to CAR T cells were detected by RT-PCR in the peripheral blood of all pts during the infusion period and in 2 pts after the infusion period. 6 pts underwent baseline biopsy and 4 pts underwent post-infusion biopsy. Immunohistochemical stains of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD163, L26, PD1, PDL1, Foxp3, Ki67, Granzyme B and Phospho-S6 were performed on pre- and post-treatment tissue biopsies and are being evaluated. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of RNA-electroporated cMET-directed CAR T cells was safe and feasible. Future directions include examination of this target using a lentiviral construct in combination with lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03060356.
Chlamydia trachomatis as a possible agent of human autoimmune diseases. (1989)

A high percentage of patients (61.2%), suspected of having rheumatoid factor and autoimmune diseases, were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Patients with significantly high titres (greater than 256) against Ct (53.8%), also had a significant high level of antinuclear factor and anti DNA. Complement fractions, C3, C4 and the immunoglobulins, IgG, IgA and IgM, were also found in high levels. No cases of rheumatoid factor or autoimmune disease were diagnosed in a control group of patients. The results indicate that patients infected with Ct may develop rheumatic or connective-tissue diseases.
INFLUENZA A AND B VIRUS INFECTION IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN DURING THE YEARS 1957–19761 (1979)

Influenza A virus activity was demonstrated in infants and young children from metropolitan Washington, DC during each of 19 successive August-July respiratory disease years, and during 17 of these years at least 2% of hospitalized respiratory disease patients yielded an influenza A or B virus and/or showed an influenza A or B serum complement-fixing (CF) antibody response. Between October 1957 and July 1976, 14.3% of 860 croup patients and 5.3% of a total of 5655 hospitalized respiratory patients, including croup patients, showed evidence of influenza A or B infection. The mean period of hospitalization with either virus was about 8 days, though serious infection with influenza A virus was 4.5 times more common than with influenza B virus. Both influenza viruses were detected more frequently in respiratory disease outpatients than in respiratory disease inpatients. Patients with serious influenza A virus infections were especially likely to have croup (particularly during the H3N2 era), to be seen during December through February, and to be black male infants. During the peak month of a composite of 13 consecutive influenza A virus outbreaks, influenza A virus infection was demonstrated in 67.6% of croup patients and in 35.6% of all hospitalized respiratory patients including croup patients. During the peak month of a composite of 6 consecutive influenza B virus outbreaks, influenza B virus infection was demonstrated in 36.0% of croup patients and in 10.8% of all hospitalized respiratory disease patients including croup patients.
Large Pore Mesoporous Silica and Organosilica Nanoparticles for Pepstatin A Delivery in Breast Cancer Cells (2019)

(1) Background: Nanomedicine has recently emerged as a new area of research, particularly to fight cancer. In this field, we were interested in the vectorization of pepstatin A, a peptide which does not cross cell membranes, but which is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin D, an aspartic protease particularly overexpressed in breast cancer. (2) Methods: We studied two kinds of nanoparticles. For pepstatin A delivery, mesoporous silica nanoparticles with large pores (LPMSNs) and hollow organosilica nanoparticles (HOSNPs) obtained through the sol⁻gel procedure were used. The nanoparticles were loaded with pepstatin A, and then the nanoparticles were incubated with cancer cells. (3) Results: LPMSNs were monodisperse with 100 nm diameter. HOSNPs were more polydisperse with diameters below 100 nm. Good loading capacities were obtained for both types of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were endocytosed in cancer cells, and HOSNPs led to the best results for cancer cell killing. (4) Conclusions: Mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles with large pores or cavities are promising for nanomedicine applications with peptides.
Pars plana vitrectomy with peripheral retinotomy after injection of preoperative intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator: a modified procedure to drain massive subretinal haemorrhage (2006)

The technique seems safe and effective for treating massive SRH. However, visual recovery is limited by the underlying macular pathology. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, other than age-related macular degeneration, may be another cause of massive SRHs.
High performance direct organic fuel cell using the acetone/isopropanol liquid organic hydrogen carrier system (2020)

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) systems offer a very interesting option for hydrogen storage in the existing infrastructure for common fuels. Technically most attractive is the direct use of LOHC-bound hydrogen in a low-temperature PEM fuel cell. Here, the isopropanol/acetone LOHC system is suggested to produce electricity from a condensable liquid without CO2 emissions. A high-performance direct isopropanol fuel cell using a vaporizer and a commercial fuel cell test system is demonstrated. For the first time backpressure is used to enhance the performance. The self-fabricated GDEs combined with a Nafion composite membrane achieved a power density of 203 mW cm−2 for Isopropanol/Air operation at 300 kPa absolute and 85 °C. By increasing the operation temperature to 100 °C a peak power density of 254 mW cm−2 is achieved, exceeding the highest reported values for isopropanol fuel cells operated with air by over 80%. The observed increase in performance can be attributed to the higher reaction rate of the electrooxidation of isopropanol at the anode side during pressurized conditions and to the reduced acetone-poisoning of the Pt-Ru catalyst at elevated temperatures.
131 RENAL DENERVATION FOR RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: SAFETY AND RESPONSE RATE AT 6 MONTHS IN A UK POPULATION (2013)

Introduction Renal denervation (RDN) is a new, safe but expensive interventional treatment for patients with resistant hypertension. The early studies have shown a high response rate (&gt;10 mm Hg drop in systolic BP) in up to 84% at 6 months. Whether this can be extrapolated to a UK population is unknown. Table 1 Baseline Baseline characteristics by BP response at 1 month Demographics All Patients (n=13) Responders (n=7) Non-responders (n=6) p= Age (years) 56.9±3.4 59.0±4.5 54.5±5.4 0.53 Male gender 46% (6/13) 29% (2/7) 67% (4/6) 0.04 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) 69.3±5.1 66.3±5.7 72.8±9.4 0.57 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 32.7±1.8 33.0±2.5 32.5±2.9 0.89 Number of medications 5.6±0.6 5.1±0.7 6.2±1.1 0.44 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 189.6±5.7 197.1±9.7 180.8±2.7 0.15 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 99.0±4.5 98.0±5.1 100.2±8.2 0.84 Methods Patients with a clinic blood pressure (cBP) of &gt;160 mm Hg despite taking ≥3 antihypertensive medications were identified from a specialist hypertension clinic in the South-West of England as eligible for RDN. Prior to treatment secondary causes of hypertension were excluded and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) performed to ensure suitable renal artery anatomy. RDN was performed under conscious sedation using a Symplicity (Medtronic) ablation catheter. Patients reviewed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post RDN with measurement of cBP and renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR). MRA was repeated 6 months to assess for development of renal artery stenosis. Results 13 patients underwent RDN with a mean of 5.6±0.2 ablations per artery (range 4–8). At 1 month post RDN 54% (7/13) of patients had responded (BP reduction of &gt;10 mm Hg), falling to 44% (4/9) of patients at 6 months. Figure 1 The mean change in BP (all patients) was −4.8±6.1 mm Hg at 1 month and −6.0±11.6 mm Hg at 6 months. In the patients that responded to RDN at 1 month, the mean reduction in BP was −23.8±3.4 mm Hg at 1 month and −36.0±12.6 mm Hg at 6 months. Following RDN 1 patient experienced a drop in CBP associated with postural hypotensive symptoms; all antihypertensive medications were discontinued, but a subsequent rise in cBP allowed careful reintroduction of drug therapy. There were no other procedural-related adverse events. There was no significant change in mean eGFR. MRA at 6 months did not demonstrate the development of renal artery stenosis post RDN. All data presented as mean±SE of mean. Conclusions Our results reinforce the finding that whilst RDN provides a significant improvement in cBP in some patients, a significant proportion of those treated will fail to respond. Great care is needed in monitoring BP following the procedure prior to restarting anti-hypertensive medication. Further research to establish evidence of sympathetic over-activity as a therapeutic target prior to RDN may be useful in predicting responders. Outcomes of procedural success will also be important to establish cause of potential failure to respond to RDN.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,5‐Dimethylpyrroles with Quinones. Synthesis of New Pyrrolylquinones Dyes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.