gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reviews of books (1972)

MAN AND HIS HABITAT. ESSAYS PRESENTED TO EMYR ESTYN EVANS, edited by R. H. Buchanan, Emrys Jones and Desmond McCourt. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971. xi + 279 pp. £5.50. A SYSTEMATIC GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND, by Desmond Gillmor. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan, 1971. 214 pp. £1.05. L'IRLANDE. 1, MILIEU ET HISTOJRE, by J. Guiffan, J. Verrière and P. Rafroidi. Paris: Armand Colin, 1970. 320 pp. AIR TEMPERATURE IN IRELAND, 1931–1960. Dublin: Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1971. 68 pp. 35p. MONTHLY, SEASONAL AND ANNUAL, MEAN AND EXTREME VALUES OF DURATION OF BRIGHT SUNSHINE IN IRELAND, 1931–1960. Dublin: Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1971. 26 pp. 15p. THE APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL TECHNIQUES TO PHYSICAL PLANNING. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1971. 163 pp. £2.00. AN TSUIRBHEIREACHT AR GHAELTACHT NA GAILLIMHE/THE GALWAY GAELTACHT SURVEY. Galway: University College, Social Sciences Research Centre, 1969. Volume 1, 81 pp. Volume 2, 44 figures. TRANSPORTATION IN DUBLIN. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research), No Date. 48 pp. £1. THE CORK SUB‐REGIONAL PLANNING STUDY, by F. B. Gillie. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1971. 125 pp. £1.50. CORK: AN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF CORK, by Peter Dovell. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1971. 42 pp. 50p. THE SPADE IN NORTHERN AND ATLANTIC EUROPE, edited by Alan Gailey and Alexander Fenton. Belfast: Ulster Folk Museum and Institute of Irish Studies, 1970. xiii + 257 pp. £1.65. DESERTED MEDIEVAL VILLAGES, edited by Maurice Beresford and John G. Hurst. London: Lutterworth Press, 1971. 340 pp. £8.00. REGIONAL ARCHAEOLOGIES: ULSTER, by L. N. W. Flanagan. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1970. 56 pp. 90p. IRISH PASSENGER STEAMSHIP SERVICES. Volume 2: SOUTH OF IRELAND, by D. B. McNeill. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1971. 240 pp. £2.50. THREE HUNDRED YEARS OF IRISH PRINTED MAPS. Belfast: Ulster Museum, 1972. 32 pp. JOURNAL OF THE KERRY ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, No. 4, 1971. 194 pp. Not on public sale. JOURNAL OF THE OLD ATHLONE SOCIETY, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1970–71. 76 pp. 75p. GEOLOGY OF BELFAST AND THE LAGAN VALLEY, by P. I. Manning, J. A. Robbie and H. E. Wilson. H.M. Stationery Office, 1970. 242 pp. £2. MAP REVIEW GEOLOGY OF NORTHERN IRELAND, Sheet 36 (Belfast). 1:63,360. 1966 GEOLOGY OF BELFAST AND DISTRICT. 1:21,120. 1971. Both published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, for the Institute of Geological Sciences.
Bibenzyl synthesis in Cannabis sativa L. (2021)

This study focuses on the biosynthesis of a suite of specialized metabolites from Cannabis that are known as the 'bibenzyls'. In planta, bibenzyls accumulate in response to fungal infection and various other biotic stressors; however, it is their widely recognized anti-inflammatory properties in various animal cell models that have garnered recent therapeutic interest. We propose that these compounds are synthesized via a branch point from the core phenylpropanoid pathway in Cannabis, in a three-step sequence. First, various hydroxycinnamic acids are esterified to acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) by a member of the 4-coumarate-CoA ligase family (Cs4CL4). Next, these CoA esters are reduced by two double-bond reductases (CsDBR2 and CsDBR3) that form their corresponding dihydro-CoA derivatives from preferred substrates. Finally, the bibenzyl backbone is completed by a polyketide synthase that specifically condenses malonyl-CoA with these dihydro-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA derivatives to form two bibenzyl scaffolds: dihydropiceatannol and dihydroresveratrol. Structural determination of this 'bibenzyl synthase' enzyme (CsBBS2) indicates that a narrowing of the hydrophobic pocket surrounding the active site evolved to sterically favor the non-canonical and more flexible dihydro-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA substrates in comparison with their oxidized relatives. Accordingly, three point mutations that were introduced into CsBBS2 proved sufficient to restore some enzymatic activity with an oxidized substrate, in vitro. Together, the identification of this set of Cannabis enzymes provides a valuable contribution to the growing 'parts prospecting' inventory that supports the rational metabolic engineering of natural product therapeutics.
Novel Adaptive Antenna Array Based on Robust Semidefinite Programming (2008)

In this paper, a novel robust adaptive beamformer is proposed based on semidefinite programming (SDP) and worst- case optimization. With the SDP formulation, the array output power and magnitude response can be expressed as linear functions. New constraints on magnitude response are introduced in the adaptive array. The proposed method can flexibly control the robust response region with a specific beamwidth and response ripple. In practical applications, the array suffers from having not only steering direction error, but also many other array imperfections. To make the adaptive beamformer robust against all kinds of array imperfections, the worst-case optimization technique is proposed to reconstruct the beamformer. By minimizing the array output power with respect to the worst-case effect of array imperfections, the resultant beamformer possesses superior robustness against arbitrary array imperfections. Since the constraints on magnitude response are inequality constraints, most of them are inactive in the optimization process so that few degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the adaptive beamformer are consumed. Consequently, the resultant beamformer has high performance on signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) improvement. Simple implementation, flexible performance control as well as significant SINR enhancement support the practicability of the proposed method.
Photochemical Release of Hydropersulfides (2022)

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) have received significant interest in the field of redox biology because of their intriguing biochemical properties. However, because RSSH are inherently unstable, their study is challenging, and as a result, the details of their physiological roles remain ill-defined. Herein, we report strategies to release RSSH utilizing photoremovable protecting groups. RSSH protection with the well-established <i>p</i>-hydroxyphenacyl (<i>p</i>HP) photoprotecting group resulted in inefficient RSSH photorelease along with complex chemistry. Therefore, an alternative precursor was examined in which a self-immolative linker was inserted between the <i>p</i>HP group and RSSH, providing nearly quantitative RSSH release following photolysis at 365 nm. Inspired by these results, we also synthesized an analogous precursor derivatized with 7-diethylaminocoumarin (DEACM), a visible light-cleavable photoprotecting group. Photolysis of this precursor at 420 nm led to efficient RSSH release, and in vitro experiments demonstrated intracellular RSSH delivery in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
3,4‐Dihydroisocoumarins, a New Class of Ant Trail Pheromones (1992)

The common garden ant, Lasius niger, marks its paths with isocoumarin (R)-1. The structures of other isocoumarins from related ant species were elucidated by synthesis and mass spectrometric studies. The substances were tested for biological activity by means of trail-following tests and electroantennograms.
A cognitive performance task for evaluation of human performance based on an extended Fitts' law paradigm (2002)

Summary form only given. A task involving an extension of the classical Fitts' law paradigm in a multidimensional sense is discussed. This type of task investigates the tradeoffs of speed to accuracy as humans perform tracking tasks. The Fitts' law paradigm is ideal for this research in the sense that it includes a metric to evaluate task difficulty as well as a measure of capacity (or baud rate) in the accomplishment of a task. Thus, a stressor may affect the capacity to perform a task (in a temporal sense) as well as increase the amount of errors that occur. Another advantage of using an extended Fitts' law paradigm is from the information contained in the errors. In this task, six types of errors illustrate when and what breaks down. Analysis of these errors indicates how the capacity is compromised as the subjects are exposed to multiple stress situations. Data from both a learning study and an exhaustion study on G stressors were obtained and used in the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Activation of L3T4+ Helper T Cells Assisting the Generation of Anti-Tumor Lyt-2+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: Requirement of 1a-Positive Antigen-Presenting Cells for Processing and Presentation of Tumor Antigens (1987)

The present study investigates the mechanisms of the recognition of tumor antigens by L3T4+ helper T cells responsible for the generation of Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II (Ia) antigen-negative syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma. Treatment of X5563-immunized spleen cells with anti-L3T4 antibody plus complement (C) diminished the generation of Lyt-2+ anti-X5563 CTL. Since the contribution of L3T4+ cells was completely replaced by the addition of exogenous lymphokines, it was demonstrated that L3T4+ cells functioned as helper T cells assisting the generation of anti-X5563 CTL responses. Elimination of Ia-positive accessory cells (AC) from X5563-immunized spleen cells resulted in the abrogation of CTL generation, whereas the addition of exogenous lymphokines to AC-depleted X5563 immunized spleen cells restored the CTL response. The addition of anti-self Ia antibody to the culture also eliminated CTL responses. These observations demonstrated the requirement of Ia-positive AC for and the involvement of self Ia antigens in the activation of helper T cells. Moreover, use of tumor cells pretreated with paraformaldehyde to cultures of X5563-immunized spleen cells or adding back of AC pretreated with chloroquine to cultures of AC-depleted immune spleen cells failed to generate CTL responses. Finally, the addition of exogenous lymphokines to the above cultures resulted in appreciable restoration of CTL responses. Taken collectively, these results indicate that L3T4+ helper T cells are activated with tumor antigens processed and presented by Ia-positive AC.
Immunisation durant la grossesse avec le vaccin DCaT (2021)

Une étude canadienne portant sur les enfants (< 17 ans) hospitalisés en raison de la coqueluche entre 1999 et 2015 a révélé que les nourrissons de moins de 2 mois présentaient la plus forte incidence d’admission à l’hôpital (116,40; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 85,32–147,49
Hyperuniform Long-Range Correlations are a Signature of Disordered Jammed Hard-Particle Packings (2011)

We show that quasi-long-range (QLR) pair correlations that decay asymptotically with scaling r(-(d+1)) in d-dimensional Euclidean space R(d), trademarks of certain quantum systems and cosmological structures, are a universal signature of maximally random jammed (MRJ) hard-particle packings. We introduce a novel hyperuniformity descriptor in MRJ packings by studying local-volume-fraction fluctuations and show that infinite-wavelength fluctuations vanish even for packings with size and shape distributions. Special void statistics induce hyperuniformity and QLR pair correlations.
Amorphus globosus in a White Galloway cattle. (2016)

In this article, a case of an amorphus globosus is presented. A three years old White Galloway dam gave birth in her second pregnancy a normal calf and a malformed amorphic co-twin. The malformed co-twin was slightly flattened with an ovoid covered by white hairy skin form of 21.0x10.0x6.0 cm in size and a weight of 1600 g. The present case had an umbilical cord like structure of 20 cm in length and 2-3 cm in diameter. A small opening, resembling am oral structure, contain a tongue-like structure with lips and three milk teeth. Histological examination showed a solid mass of connective tissue, skeletal muscles, lymph, arterial vessel and glandular units and focal by cartilage tissue. The radiography clearly showed lower-upper jaw, small bone similar to a tail-like-structure and a cartilage tissue. The inbreeding coefficient of the case was 6.25% due to a common ancestor on the maternal and paternal side. This is the first report on amorphus globosus in White Galloway cattle including pathological, histopathological, radiological findings and pedigree analysis.
STUDY OF THE PHOTOINITIATED CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF 3,4-EPOXY-1-BUTENE (2001)

Abstract The photopolymerization of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (1) was investigated using Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy (FT-RTIR). The effects of photoinitiator structure and concentration and light intensity on the photopolymerization were investigated. Compared to related epoxide monomers, 1 was shown to be more reactive and this was ascribed to stabilization of the growing cationic chain end by the double bond during the ring-opening polymerization. Epoxide 1 was also shown to be useful as a reactive diluent in the photopolymerization of multifunctional epoxides and was observed to accelerate the polymerization of less reactive epoxy monomers. Keywords: 3,4-Epoxy-1-buteneCationic photopolymerizationCationic ring-opening polymerizationEpoxidesOnium salt photoinitiatorsVinyl oxirane ACKNOWLEDGMENT Financial support of this work was gratefully received from Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tennessee.
Two-dimensional nanosheets of bimetallic chalcogenide-tagged nitrogen-doped carbon as a cathode for high-performance and durable zinc-ion capacitors (2022)

As a cathode in aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs), nitrogen-doped carbon with a 2D bimetallic chalcogenide (NbMo 6 S 8 /NC) was used. The assembled ZIC demonstrated exceptional electrochemical stability and energy efficiency over thousands of charge–discharge cycles.
Lower Leg Trajectory Error: A novel optimization parameter for designing passive prosthetic feet (2015)

Roll-over geometry, a leading design objective for passive prosthetic feet, does not provide enough information to find the lower leg segment orientation in the laboratory reference frame. The physical behavior of a prosthetic foot adds a constraint which makes finding this orientation possible. A novel optimization parameter for prosthetic feet that incorporates both the roll-over geometry and the orientation of the lower leg, the Lower Leg Trajectory Error, is introduced. Ground reaction forces and locations of the center of pressure from published gait data for physiological, able-bodied walking are applied to a biologically inspired conceptual prosthetic foot to calculate the resulting lower leg trajectory from foot flat to toe off. The stiffnesses of this conceptual foot are optimized using the Lower Leg Trajectory Error. To further investigate the role of roll-over geometry and physical behavior, the lower leg trajectories of the optimized foot, a rigid foot with roll-over geometry identical to this optimized foot, and a rigid foot with physiological roll-over geometry are compared.
Would Magnonic Circuits Outperform CMOS Counterparts? (2022)

In the early stages of a novel technology development, it is difficult to provide a comprehensive assessment of its potential capabilities and impact. Nevertheless, some preliminary estimates can be drawn and are certainly of great interest and in this paper we follow this line of reasoning within the framework of the Spin Wave (SW) based computing paradigm. In particular, we are interested in assessing the technological development horizon that needs to be reached in order to unleash the full SW paradigm potential such that SW circuits can outperform CMOS counterparts in terms of energy consumption. In view of the zero power SWs propagation through ferromagnetic waveguides, the overall SW circuit power consumption is determined by the one associated to SWs generation and sensing by means of transducers. While current antenna based transducers are clearly power hungry recent developments indicate that magneto-electric (ME) cells have a great potential for ultra-low power SW generation and sensing. Given that MEs have been only proposed at the conceptual level and no actual experimental demonstration has been reported we cannot evaluate the impact of their utilization on the SW circuit energy consumption. However, we can perform a reverse engineering alike analysis to determine ME delay and power consumption upper bounds that can place SW circuits in the leading position. To this end, we utilize a 32-bit Brent-Kung Adder (BKA) as discussion vehicle and compute the maximum ME delay and power consumption that could potentially enable a SW implementation able to outperform its 7nm CMOS counterpart. We evaluate different BKA SW implementations that rely on conversion- or normalization-based gate cascading and consider continuous or pulsed SW generation scenarios. Our evaluations indicate that 31nW is the maximum transducer power consumption for which a 32-bit Brent-Kung SW implementation can outperform its 7nm CMOS counterpart in terms of energy consumption.
Principles of MEMS (2005)

Abstract Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is a technology defining mechanical structures fabricated with IC processing. This article provides an introduction to MEMS technology, characterizes problems with its commercialization, provides examples of MEMS processes and introduces basic sensing principles.
Localization of 23Na+ in a DNA Quadruplex by High-Field Solid-State NMR (2000)

Monovalent cations such as Na+, K+, and NH4+ are known to stabilize DNA quadruplexes formed of guanine-quartets. Such structures readily form from the guanine-rich repeat sequences found in telomeres, the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. We present a solid-state NMR approach for studying ions associated with G-quartets based on the direct NMR observation of 23Na+ ion resonances and report new methods for studying quadrupolar nuclei in biological solids. In the tetraplex forming oligonucleotide d(TG4T), high-field (17.6 T) NMR spectra cleanly resolve three distinct classes of sodium ions. A high-resolution 2D-MQMAS spectrum established the assignment of an amorphously broadened signal at −19 ppm (relative to 0.1 M NaCl) to surface-bound Na+ ions. Two-dimensional nutation spectroscopy was used to indicate the relative size of the quadrupole coupling for each line, while a standard exchange experiment established a correlation between surface (−19 ppm) and channel-bound (6.8 ppm) Na+ ions. Finally, free sodium ions are observed at 0 ppm. This work demonstrates the utility of high field spectroscopy in combination with a suite of 2D solid-state NMR experiments for resolving and assigning multiple Na+ sites in [d(TG4T)]4.
Clinicopathological characteristics associated with BRAFK601E and BRAFL597 mutations in melanoma (2015)

BRAF mutations at codons L597 and K601 occur uncommonly in melanoma. Clinical and pathological associations of these mutations were investigated in a cohort of 1119 patients with known BRAF mutation status. A BRAF mutation was identified in 435 patients; Mutations at L597 and the K601E mutation were seen in 3.4 and 3.2% of these, respectively. K601E melanomas tended to occur in male patients, a median age of 58 yr, were generally found on the trunk (64%) and uncommonly associated with chronically sun-damaged (CSD) skin. BRAF L597 melanomas occurred in older patients (median 66 yr), but were associated with CSD skin (extremities or head and neck location - 73.3%, P = 0.001). Twenty-three percent of patients with V600E- and 43% of patients with K601E-mutant melanomas presented with nodal disease at diagnosis compared to just 14% of patients with BRAF wild-type tumors (P = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively). Overall, these mutations represent a significant minority of BRAF mutations, but have distinct clinicopathological phenotypes and clinical behaviors.
Contemporary Approaches to the Discovery and Development of Broad-Spectrum Natural Product Prototypes for the Control of Coronaviruses (2021)

The pressing need for SARS-CoV-2 controls has led to a reassessment of strategies to identify and develop natural product inhibitors of zoonotic, highly virulent, and rapidly emerging viruses. This review article addresses how contemporary approaches involving computational chemistry, natural product (NP) and protein databases, and mass spectrometry (MS) derived target-ligand interaction analysis can be utilized to expedite the interrogation of NP structures while minimizing the time and expense of extraction, purification, and screening in BioSafety Laboratories (BSL)3 laboratories. The unparalleled structural diversity and complexity of NPs is an extraordinary resource for the discovery and development of broad-spectrum inhibitors of viral genera, including <i>Betacoronavirus</i>, which contains MERS, SARS, SARS-CoV-2, and the common cold. There are two key technological advances that have created unique opportunities for the identification of NP prototypes with greater efficiency: (1) the application of structural databases for NPs and target proteins and (2) the application of modern MS techniques to assess protein-ligand interactions directly from NP extracts. These approaches, developed over years, now allow for the identification and isolation of unique antiviral ligands without the immediate need for BSL3 facilities. Overall, the goal is to improve the success rate of NP-based screening by focusing resources on source materials with a higher likelihood of success, while simultaneously providing opportunities for the discovery of novel ligands to selectively target proteins involved in viral infection.
Mapping tissue water T1 in the liver using the MOLLI T1 method in the presence of fat, iron and B0 inhomogeneity (2018)

Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) T<sub>1</sub> mapping sequences can be useful in cardiac and liver tissue characterization, but determining underlying water T<sub>1</sub> is confounded by iron, fat and frequency offsets. This article proposes an algorithm that provides an independent water MOLLI T<sub>1</sub> (referred to as on-resonance water T<sub>1</sub> ) that would have been measured if a subject had no fat and normal iron, and imaging had been done on resonance. Fifteen NiCl<sub>2</sub> -doped agar phantoms with different peanut oil concentrations and 30 adults with various liver diseases, nineteen (63.3%) with liver steatosis, were scanned at 3 T using the shortened MOLLI (shMOLLI) T<sub>1</sub> mapping, multiple-echo spoiled gradient-recalled echo and <sup>1</sup> H MR spectroscopy sequences. An algorithm based on Bloch equations was built in MATLAB, and water shMOLLI T<sub>1</sub> values of both phantoms and human participants were determined. The quality of the algorithm's result was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient between shMOLLI T<sub>1</sub> values and spectroscopically determined T<sub>1</sub> values of the water, and by linear regression analysis. Correlation between shMOLLI and spectroscopy-based T<sub>1</sub> values increased, from r = 0.910 (P < 0.001) to r = 0.998 (P < 0.001) in phantoms and from r = 0.493 (for iron-only correction; P = 0.005) to r = 0.771 (for iron, fat and off-resonance correction; P < 0.001) in patients. Linear regression analysis revealed that the determined water shMOLLI T<sub>1</sub> values in patients were independent of fat and iron. It can be concluded that determination of on-resonance water (sh)MOLLI T<sub>1</sub> independent of fat, iron and macroscopic field inhomogeneities was possible in phantoms and human subjects.