gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of the feasibility of sampling the ice plumes at Enceladus for biomarkers of extraterrestrial life (2021)

Enceladus, an icy moon of Saturn, is a compelling destination for a probe seeking biosignatures of extraterrestrial life because its subsurface ocean exhibits significant organic chemistry that is directly accessible by sampling cryovolcanic plumes. State-of-the-art organic chemical analysis instruments can perform valuable science measurements at Enceladus provided they receive sufficient plume material in a fly-by or orbiter plume transit. To explore the feasibility of plume sampling, we performed light gas gun experiments impacting micrometer-sized ice particles containing a fluorescent dye biosignature simulant into a variety of soft metal capture surfaces at velocities from 800 m ⋅ s<sup>-1</sup> up to 3 km ⋅ s<sup>-1</sup> Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of the capture surfaces demonstrates organic capture efficiencies of up to 80 to 90% for isolated impact craters and of at least 17% on average on indium and aluminum capture surfaces at velocities up to 2.2 km ⋅ s<sup>-1</sup> Our results reveal the relationships between impact velocity, particle size, capture surface, and capture efficiency for a variety of possible plume transit scenarios. Combined with sensitive microfluidic chemical analysis instruments, we predict that our capture system can be used to detect organic molecules in Enceladus plume ice at the 1 nM level-a sensitivity thought to be meaningful and informative for probing habitability and biosignatures.
Design Technology Co-Optimization (2016)

The goal of DFM can be seen as improving the design’s resilience to systematic and random yield limiters by leveraging process knowledge beyond DRC in a stable and well characterized process. In contrast, the goal of design technology co-optimization (DTCO) is to optimize key elements of both the process and the design definition early in the technology node to maximize the design value of new technology features (e.g., local interconnect), minimize unnecessary design diversity to allow comprehensive assessment of layout-dependent process effects without handicapping designers, drive circuit-relevant yield learning by focusing silicon experiments on features that matter to the designers, and minimize the risk of major changes late in the technology node by facilitating continuous exchange of information during the process and design development. DTCO is not a solution or a tool in itself; it is a process to help manage the complexity of ramping advanced-technology nodes by identifying scaling bottlenecks early and exploring means to overcome them without overburdening either the design or the process side of the technology. The biggest challenge for DTCO is that the most fundamental decisions are made with the least amount of data at the beginning of the technology development cycle. Mitigating the risk of making wrong decisions by maintaining multiple options and “downselecting” as data becomes available is cost and time prohibitive.
Optimization of Picosecond Laser Parameters for Surface Treatment of Composites Using a Design of Experiments (DOE) Approach (2018)

Based on guidelines from the Federal Aviation Administration, research supported by the NASA Advanced Composites Project is investigating methods to improve process control for surface preparation and pre-bond surface characterization on aerospace composite structures. The overall goal is to identify high fidelity, rapid, and reproducible surface treatments and surface characterization methods to reduce the uncertainty associated with the bonding process. The desired outcome is a more reliable bonded airframe structure, and to reduce time to achieve certification. In this work, a design of experiments (DoE) approach was conducted to determine optimum laser ablation conditions using a pulsed laser source with a nominal pulse width of 10 picoseconds. The laser power, frequency, scan speed, and number of passes (1 or 2) were varied within the laser system operating boundaries. Aerospace structural carbon fiber reinforced composites (Torayca® 3900-2/T800H) were laser treated, then characterized for contamination, and finally bonded for mechanical testing. Pre-bond characterization included water contact angle (WCA) using a handheld device, ablation depth measurement using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and silicone contamination measurement using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In order to accommodate the large number of specimens in the DoE, a rapid-screening, double cantilever beam (DCB) test specimen configuration was devised based on modifications to ASTM D5528. Specimens were tested to assess the failure modes observed under the various laser surface treatment parameters. The models obtained from this DoE indicated that results were most sensitive to variation in the average laser power. Excellent bond performance was observed with nearly 100% cohesive failure for a wide range of laser parameters. Below about 200 mW, adhesive failure was observed because contamination was left on the surface. For laser powers greater than about 600 mW, large amounts of fiber were exposed, and the failure mode was predominately fiber tear.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Head‐to‐Tail Linked Azo Dyes for Nonlinear Optical Applications. (1990)

Abstract Two pathways are described for the synthesis of dipolar, main‐chain azo dye oligomers.
Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Latexes (2010)

A nanolatex copolymer (25−30 nm) of an imidalozium bromide acrylate is reported that provides stable waterborne dispersions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and thermally and electrically conducting coatings that adhere to plastics. This approach to dispersing SWCNT leaps past previous reports by providing stabilization and binder functions simultaneously. Resulting films exhibit 10-fold anisotropy in both thermal and electrical conductivity and appear free of interfacial phonon scattering problems. The electrically conducting networks assembled upon film formation provide a new route to priming plastics for electrodeposition in addition to providing simple antistatic layer formulations. The efficacy of these nanolatexes is assigned to the imidazolium and bromide components shown in other studies to have an affinity for graphene surfaces.
An update on catalytic reforming (1996)

The UOP Platforming process is a catalytic reforming process in widespread use throughout the petroleum and petrochemical industries. Since the first unit went onstream in 1949, the process has become a standard feature in refineries worldwide. Over the years, significant improvements have been made in process catalysts and process design. The most recent improvement is the combination of a catalyst called R-72 with a new patented flow scheme, R-72 staged loading, which gives significantly higher yields and provides increased catalyst stability. In this article, the authors describe two types of Platforming processes and the new R-72 staged loading scheme.
Chronic hereditary pancreatitis. (1994)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Threshold of hearing for swimming Bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) (2013)

Hearing thresholds for three pairs of 1 m long Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) were measured utilizing operant conditioning procedure with a food reward and a staircase psychophysical technique. Fish, swimming at 1–4 m/s, quickly learned to approach the feed when they heard a sound. Measurements were made at the Tuna Research and Conservation Center (Stanford University) in a 9.14 m diameter, 1.65 m deep indoor cylindrical tank. The acoustic stimulus was produced by radially oriented piezoelectric line sources centered at the bottom of the tank, which produced a circumferentially uniform sound field. The acoustics of the tank was thoroughly characterized for both acoustic pressure and particle motion using hydrophones and two neutrally buoyant accelerometers with response axes oriented in the radial and vertical directions. Thresholds, expressed in terms of pressure and particle acceleration, were obtained at six sinusoidal frequencies between 325 Hz and 800 Hz, a range that was limited by source and tank acoustics. The lowest mean threshold for the three fish pairs, expressed in terms of acoustic pressure, was 83 dB re 1 µPa at 500 Hz. [Work supported in part by ONR/CNR Challenge Grant: “Mitigation of flow noise effects by fish.”]
Growth of heteroepitaxial Si1−x−yGexCy alloys on silicon using novel deposition chemistry (1995)

We report heteroepitaxial growth of diamond-structured Si1−x−yGexCy alloys on (100)Si substrates. Introduction of C into the diamond lattice is kinetically favored by low-temperature (470 °C) interactions of C(SiH3)4, a novel C–H free carbon precursor, with mixtures of SiH4 and GeH4 using ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition techniques. Film thicknesses of 100 to 110 nm with 4–6 at. % C as indicated by Rutherford backscattering carbon resonance spectroscopy were obtained. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed crystalline alloy phase formation with no detectable SiC precipitation. Secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed pure and highly homogeneous films. In situ annealing at 675 °C resulted in heteroepitaxial films with relatively few defects.
The macrocyclic lactone oxacyclododecindione reduces fibrosis progression (2023)

<b>Background:</b> Renal fibrosis is one of the most important triggers of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and only a very limited number of therapeutic options are available to stop fibrosis progression. As fibrosis is characterized by inflammation, myofibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, a drug that can address all these processes might be an interesting therapeutic option. <b>Methods:</b> We tested <i>in vivo</i> in an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in C57BL/6 mice and in kidney tubular epithelial cells (TEC) (HK2 cell line and primary cells) whether the natural product oxacyclododecindione (Oxa) reduces fibrosis progression in kidney disease. This was evaluated by Western blot, mRNA expression, and mass spectrometry secretome analyses, as well as by immunohistochemistry. <b>Results:</b> Indeed, Oxa blocked the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker proteins and reduced renal damage, immune cell infiltration, and collagen expression and deposition, both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Remarkably, the beneficial effects of Oxa were also detected when the natural product was administered at a time point of established fibrotic changes, a situation close to the clinical situation. Initial <i>in vitro</i> experiments demonstrated that a synthetic Oxa derivative possesses similar features. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although open questions such as possible side effects need to be investigated, our results indicate that the combination of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Oxa make the substance a promising candidate for a new therapeutic approach in fibrosis treatment, and thus in the prevention of kidney disease progression.
Synthesis of 5-Fluoroalkylated Pyrimidine Nucleosides via Negishi Cross-Coupling (2008)

5-Fluoroalkylated pyrimidine nucleosides (1) have potential as therapeutic agents and molecular imaging agents targeting HSV1-tk suicide gene therapy. Thus, straightforward preparation of 5-fluoroalkylated nucleoside derivatives has been developed. Reported herein are the first examples of Pd-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling of 3-N-benzoyl-3',5'-di-O-benzoyl-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (2a) and 3-N-benzoyl-3',5'-di-O-benzoyl-5-iodo-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinouridine (2b) with unactivated Csp(3) fluoroalkylzinc bromides. This paper demonstrates the first synthesis of six 5-fluoroalkyl-2'-deoxypyrimidine nucleoside derivatives with three to five methylene chain lengths (5). Furthermore, this methodology has been extended to create a series of 13 5-alkyl-substituted nucleosides, including the target nucleosides 5 and 5-silyloxypropyl and 5-cyanobutyl derivatives.
Toward computerized efficient estimation in infinite-dimensional models (2016)

Despite the risk of misspecification they are tied to, parametric models continue to be used in statistical practice because they are accessible to all. In particular, efficient estimation procedures in parametric models are simple to describe and implement. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said of semiparametric and nonparametric models. While the latter often reflect the level of available scientific knowledge more appropriately, performing efficient inference in these models is generally challenging. The efficient influence function is a key analytic object from which the construction of asymptotically efficient estimators can potentially be streamlined. However, the theoretical derivation of the efficient influence function requires specialized knowledge and is often a difficult task, even for experts. In this paper, we propose and discuss a numerical procedure for approximating the efficient influence function. The approach generalizes the simple nonparametric procedures described recently by Frangakis et al. (2015) and Luedtke et al. (2015) to arbitrary models. We present theoretical results to support our proposal, and also illustrate the method in the context of two examples. The proposed approach is an important step toward automating efficient estimation in general statistical models, thereby rendering the use of realistic models in statistical analyses much more accessible.
Cross-Reactive Antibodies Prevent the Lethal Effects of Staphylococcus Aureus Superantigens (1999)

The exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A-E and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1, which are associated with serious diseases, including food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, are termed superantigens (SAgs). To examine whether common antigenic epitopes were present and whether vaccination with 1 bacterial SAg could protect against challenge with a different SE or TSST-1, mice were vaccinated with SEA, SEB, SEC1, or TSST-1 individually or in combination. Mice injected with a single toxin developed high antibody titers against other SAgs. Marked improvement in survival was observed when immunized mice were challenged with a heterologous toxin. Mice vaccinated with a mixture of toxins were fully protected against 1 or multiple toxin challenges, indicating no interference effects of multivalent vaccinations. More importantly, higher titers were found against each SAg with the multivalent vaccination than with injection with a single SAg. Thus, immunizations with 1 SAg can induce cross-protective antibodies to heterologous SAgs, and multicomponent vaccination can enhance antibody responses against each bacterial SAg.
Is prevention of childhood asthma possible? Allergens, infections and animals (2002)

What we know: Epidemiological studies have identified a number of factors associated with increased incidence of asthma. These include allergen sensitisation and exposure, reduced exposure to infections and to farm animals in early childhood, and maternal smoking. These factors may represent "true" risk factors for asthma or may be merely associated factors that do not in themselves cause asthma. The "hygiene hypothesis" has been proposed as one mechanism by which infections may protect against asthma. Current recommendations for the primary prevention of asthma include exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy and infancy, and reducing the levels of house-dust mite in some environments. What we need to know: What are the mechanisms by which specific risk factors and prevention strategies lead to or protect from asthma? How do genetic and environmental factors interact to increase the risk of asthma?
Dartmouth internet security testbed (DIST: building a campus-wide wireless testbed (2009)

We describe our experiences in deploying a campus-wide wireless security testbed. The testbed gives us the capability to monitor security-related aspects of the 802.11 MAC layer in over 200 diverse campus locations. We describe both the technical and the social challenges of designing, building, and deploying such a system, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the largest such testbed in academia (with the UCSD’s Jigsaw infrastructure a close competitor). In this paper we focus on the testbed setup, rather than on the experimental data and results. 1
Thoracoscopic Techniques for the Treatment of Scoliosis: Early Results in Procedure Development (2002)

Although these techniques are still in early development, the initial results for our thoracoscopic techniques are promising. With experience, surgical times are decreasing and fusion and curve correction rates are improving. With further evolution, patients should realize shortened hospitalizations, decreased rehabilitation times, and decreased levels of postoperative pain. This is a technically demanding procedure that requires demonstrated skills in endoscopic discectomy and fusion.
Capsular Gene Typing of Streptococcus agalactiae Compared to Serotyping by Latex Agglutination (2012)

We evaluated three different PCR-based capsular gene typing methods applied to 312 human and bovine Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) isolates and compared the results to serotyping results obtained by latex agglutination. Among 281 human isolates 27% could not be typed by latex agglutination. All 312 isolates except 5 could be typed by the three PCR methods combined. Two of these methods were multiplex assays. Among the isolates that were typeable by both latex agglutination and capsular gene typing, 94% showed agreement between the two methods. However, each of the PCR methods showed limitations. One of the methods did not include all 10 recognized serotypes, one misidentified eight isolates of serotypes Ib and IV as serotype Ia, and one did not distinguish between serotypes VII and IX. For five isolates that showed aberrant patterns in the capsular gene typing, long-range PCR targeting the cps operon disclosed large insertions or deletions affecting the cps gene cluster. A sensitive flow cytometric assay based on serotype-specific antibodies applied to 76 selected isolates that were nontypeable by latex agglutination revealed that approximately one-half of these did express capsular polysaccharide. A procedure for convenient and reliable capsular gene typing to be included in epidemiological and surveillance studies of S. agalactiae is proposed.
Λ0 Polarization In pp→p[sub f]p[sub s]Λ[sup 0]anti]-Λ[sup 0] At 800-GeV/c (2007)

Abstract
Thermal and Electrical Designs of RF 3D Module Based on Si Interposers with Redundant TSVs (2016)

Thermal and electrical designs were performed to implement a 3D T/R (Transmit/Receive)-module based on the Si interposers. Two types of 3D module structures were compared with respect to the thermal performance and manufacturability. The FEM simulations were conducted to check the feasibility of the Si interposers as the heat spreader in the 3D module. Two kinds of sintered silver pastes having the advantage of low temperature process were considered as a TIM (Thermal Interface Material) for the 3D module. Test vehicles with the adhesives were prepared, and their thermal performances were measured under the condition of the DC power consumption of 28W. The vertical transitions with redundant TSVs and solder bumps were designed to increase the yield of the 3D module. The effects of the open failure of the redundant TSVs on the electrical performance of the vertical transitions were simulated.
ReI Tricarbonyl Complexes as Coordinate Covalent Inhibitors for the SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Cysteine Protease (2021)

Since its outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the quality of life and cost hundreds-of-thousands of lives worldwide. Based on its global spread and mortality, there is an urgent need for novel treatments which can combat this disease. To date, the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup> ), which is also known as the main protease, is considered among the most important pharmacological targets. The vast majority of investigated 3CL<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors are organic, non-covalent binders. Herein, the use of inorganic, coordinate covalent binders is proposed that can attenuate the activity of the protease. Re<sup>I</sup> tricarbonyl complexes were identified that demonstrate coordinate covalent enzymatic inhibition of 3CL<sup>pro</sup> . Preliminary studies indicate the selective inhibition of 3CL<sup>pro</sup> over several human proteases. This study presents the first example of metal complexes as inhibitors for the 3CL<sup>pro</sup> cysteine protease.
Chalcogenide glasses containing tellurium for IR fiber optics (1994)

We have fabricated stable chalcogenide glasses containing up to 35 at. % tellurium and these glasses do not exhibit crystallization upon reheating up to the fiber draw temperature. The physical properties such as Tg, packing density, and Vickers Hardness decreases while the mass density and CTE increase with Te content and these are attributed to the weaker delocalized metallic-bonding character introduced with Te. We have drawn unclad fibers with a minimum attenuation of 0.11 dB/m at 6.6 micrometers which represents the lowest loss reported for a chalcogenide glass containing high levels of Te. Preliminary core/clad fibers have been drawn with a minimum loss of 0.7 dB/m at 6.6 micrometers . Improvements in glass quality and processing will lead to lower losses. We also present data demonstrating the use of unclad fibers for evanescent sensing of numerous organic and inorganic liquids and their mixtures in the 3-12 micrometers region.
Adenosine Receptors and Drug Discovery in the Cardiovascular System (2019)

The signaling nucleoside adenosine is produced intra- and extracellularly under physiologic and, more importantly, under pathologic conditions. Adenosine modulates cellular functions involved in injury, metabolic derangement, energy perturbations, and inflammation. The biologic effects of adenosine are mediated by four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) family: A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR and A3AR. In the cardiovascular (CV) system, adenosine and its receptors are intricately involved in the regulation of myocardial contraction, heart rate, sympathetic control, conductivity, vascular tone, cardiac and vascular growth, inflammation, injury and apoptosis. As such, the modulation of the adenosinergic system has therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, ischemic heart diseases, and heart failure. Nevertheless, despite the many years of investigation and experimentation only a few drugs targeting the adenosinergic system were developed and actually have reached clinical application. This chapter outlines the unique role adenosine plays in the CV system in physiology, pathology, and potentially therapeutic pharmacology. It also presents an updated review of the different adenosine receptors ligands, and their clinical potential in different CVDs.
Serological, genetic and clinical associations with increased health‐care resource utilization in inflammatory bowel disease (2017)

In patients with IBD who required at least one emergency department visit or hospitalization, anti-CBir1 antibody status may be a useful biomarker of HRU when formulating management strategies to reduce disease complications and resource utilization.
Resistance fluctuations in ballistic transport through one-dimensional channels (1992)

We have observed resistance fluctuations in the ballistic regime in short one-dimensional (1D) samples, fabricated by a focused ion beam, and studied their dependences on T and on the number of parallel 1D channels in the sample. We attribute the fluctuations to quantum interference of electrons scattered from the ion-beam-induced imperfections in the boundaries defining the 1D channels. We also observe a drastic reduction of the fluctuations in multiple-channel samples, suggestive of correlation between the channels.