gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong ultraviolet emission from non-polar AlGaN/GaN quantum wells grown overr-plane sapphire substrates (2003)

GaN and GaN/Al0.25Ga0.75N multiple quantum wells (MQWs) over c- and r-plane sapphire substrates have been grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A comparative study of photoluminescence (PL) in GaN epitaxial layers and AlGaN/GaN MQWs on these two types of substrates is reported. At low excitation levels, the measured room temperature PL signal in GaN layers grown over r-plane sapphire was more than order of magnitude lower than in GaN on c-plane substrates. In contrast, the emission intensity from AlGaN/GaN MQWs grown over r-plane substrates was almost 30 times stronger than in the structures grown over c-plane sapphire. Furthermore, with excitation power density up to 1 MW/cm2, the PL peak position for the non-polar MQWs kept completely stable whereas the one for the c-plane structures exhibited a blue shift as large as 250 meV. We attribute this large difference in the ultraviolet emission intensity to the suppression of a strong quantum Stark effect in the AlGaN/GaN MQWs on the r-plane sapphire. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of Fuel Cell Vehicles Equipped with Compressed Hydrogen Storage Systems from a Road Accident Safety Perspective (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The potential impact of real world accident scenarios on fuel cell vehicles equipped with a compressed hydrogen storage system is analyzed from a component point of view. Even though hydrogen compressed gas tanks can sustain very high loads, in this study a simplification is made. It is investigated to what extent different real world accident scenarios with conventional vehicles have caused deformation of the vehicle in the area where a hydrogen tank would have been integrated in a fuel cell vehicle. The study is based on accident data from the GIDAS (German In-Depth Accident Study) database. Deformation matrices for each passenger car in the database are defined over a deformation grid largely independent of vehicle type and shape. The matrices are combined to statistically analyze the occurrence of deformations in selected regions of a vehicle. The concept of cumulative frequencies is extended to two dimensional deformation matrices defined over a set of accident cases and a new algorithm is applied to calculate the cumulative frequency matrix which is discussed for the GIDAS sample. In addition, accidents which resulted in an intrusion up to an area where the compressed gas tank would likely be located are further investigated with respect to the situation in which they happened.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Rediscovering the Schulze−Hardy Rule in Competitive Adsorption to an Air−Water Interface (2009)

The ratio of divalent to monovalent ion concentration necessary to displace the surface-active protein, albumin, by lung surfactant monolayers and multilayers at an air-water interface scales as 2(-6), the same concentration dependence as the critical flocculation concentration (CFC) for colloids with a high surface potential. Confirming this analogy between competitive adsorption and colloid stability, polymer-induced depletion attraction and electrostatic potentials are additive in their effects; the range of the depletion attraction, twice the polymer radius of gyration, must be greater than the Debye length to have an effect on adsorption.
90 Gb/s hybrid integrated photoreceiver module with high speed 1.5 µm-band QD-SOA (2016)

We investigated fundamental characteristics of a hybrid integrated photoreceiver module with a 1.5 µm-band quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) and conventional pin-photodiode (pin-PD) as a first stage. The results indicated the photoreceiver integrated with a QD-SOA and QD-PD has the potential to be operated for signals over 100 Gb/s.
Aberration-based design example for freeform optical designs with base off-axis conics (2021)

In this paper, we show, via a design example, how to leverage the parameters of a base off-axis conic to design freeform optical systems using the full-field display driven aberration-based design method discussed in [1]. Off-axis conic sections are often considered when designing unobscured or non-axisymmetric systems, including as base surfaces for freeform optics [2-8]. Likewise, design methods that use nodal aberration theory and full-field displays to gain insight into the aberrations of freeform systems have been demonstrated to be effective at generating starting points and performing designs (e.g., [1, 9-11]). However, in these aberration-based design methods, a central consideration is the correction of coma and astigmatism, which often involves the introduction of orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma terms (i.e.,, Z5/Z6 and Z7/Z8 for the Fringe Zernike polynomials). These terms are often major contributors to freeform departures, thus reducing or eliminating the need for orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma may improve interferometric testability estimates based on the magnitude of freeform departures. Consequently, in this paper, we leverage the parameters of base off-axis conics to follow the aberration-based design method without the use of additional orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma terms. While an off-axis conic is not exactly equivalent to a sphere plus astigmatism and coma, it is shown via a design example that re-designing with base off-axis conic parameters from the start can yield a new design that achieves equivalent optical performance without orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma. When these design methods are coupled with design methods aimed at reducing surface departures, significant improvements in interferometric testability estimates can be achieved, including when compared to fitting freeform surfaces designed with base spheres with the best-fit off-axis conic after optimization. For comparison, the design study in this paper is conducted twice: once using base off-axis conics with Fringe Zernike sag departure terms (excluding Zernike astigmatism and coma), and once using base spheres with Fringe Zernike sag departure terms (including Zernike astigmatism and coma).
Visible-Blind Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Ultra-Violet Detectors Based on Epitaxially Laterally Overgrown Gallium Nitride (2001)

Visible-blind metal–semiconductor–metal ultra-violet detectors based on epitaxially laterally overgrown gallium nitride were fabricated. I–V measurement showed good Schottky contact and very low dark current, which was only 723 nA at 10 V and 544.8 pA at 3 V. The photocurrent spectrum showed a cut-off wavelength at 366 nm and an ultraviolet/visible ratio of three orders of magnitude. The responsivity is 0.05 A/W at 5 V bias.
Moderne NMR‐Pulsexperimente: eine graphische Beschreibung der Entwicklung von Spinsystemen (1990)

Abstract Viele moderne Methoden, mit denen die Leistungsfähigkeit der NMR‐Spektroskopie verbessert wurde, sind von den Anwendern bereitwillig angenommen worden. Einige der bekanntesten unter diesen Techniken sind die eindimensionalen Methoden der Polarisationsverstärkung und des spektralen Editierens (INEPT und DEPT) sowie mehrere zweidimensionale Experimente, z. B. die Korrelationsspektroskopie (COSY) und die Kern‐Overhauser‐Effekt‐Spektroskopie (NOESY). Die meisten dieser Methoden können nicht im Rahmen des Modells klassischer Magnetisierungsvektoren beschrieben, wohl aber mit Hilfe des Dichteoperatorformalismus verstanden werden. Dies bereitet allerdings manchem Anwender Schwierigkeiten, die zum Teil auf die schwerfällige Schreibweise zurückzuführen sind, die es kaum ermöglicht, mit einem Blick die wichtigen Merkmale zu erkennen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Satz von graphischen Vorschriften beschrieben, mit dem für eine Vielzahl von Experimenten die Wirkung einer Sequenz von Radiofrequenzpulsen auf ein Spinsystem erläutert werden kann. Die Graphen geben eine knappe Beschreibung des Netzwerkes der Spins, die durch skalare und dipolare Wechselwirkungen gekoppelt sind, sowie vom Zustand des Spinsystems, ausgedrückt durch Produktoperatoren, und veranschaulichen vor allem die Umwandlungen von einem Zustand zum nächsten, die durch die Radiofrequenzpulse, die chemischen Verschiebungen und die skalaren Kopplungen verursacht werden. Der graphische Ansatz ermöglicht es auch, die Wirkung eines Phasencyclus, der Mehrquantenfiltration, der Kreuzrelaxation (Overhauser‐Effekt) und der kreuzkorrelierten Relaxation darzustellen.
Identification of Specific Ligand–Receptor Interactions That Govern Binding and Cooperativity of Diverse Modulators to a Common Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Allosteric Site (2014)

A common metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) allosteric site is known to accommodate diverse chemotypes. However, the structural relationship between compounds from different scaffolds and mGlu5 is not well understood. In an effort to better understand the molecular determinants that govern allosteric modulator interactions with mGlu5, we employed a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and computational modeling. With few exceptions, six residues (P654, Y658, T780, W784, S808, and A809) were identified as key affinity determinants across all seven allosteric modulator scaffolds. To improve our interpretation of how diverse allosteric modulators occupy the common allosteric site, we sampled the wealth of mGlu5 structure-activity relationship (SAR) data available by docking 60 ligands (actives and inactives) representing seven chemical scaffolds into our mGlu5 comparative model. To spatially and chemically compare binding modes of ligands from diverse scaffolds, the ChargeRMSD measure was developed. We found a common binding mode for the modulators that placed the long axes of the ligands parallel to the transmembrane helices 3 and 7. W784 in TM6 not only was identified as a key NAM cooperativity determinant across multiple scaffolds, but also caused a NAM to PAM switch for two different scaffolds. Moreover, a single point mutation in TM5, G747V, altered the architecture of the common allosteric site such that 4-nitro-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (VU29) was noncompetitive with the common allosteric site. Our findings highlight the subtleties of allosteric modulator binding to mGlu5 and demonstrate the utility in incorporating SAR information to strengthen the interpretation and analyses of docking and mutational data.
Photonic Crystal Structures and Applications: Perspective, Overview, and Development (2006)

In this paper, we present an overview of milestone achievements in the research and development of photonic crystal structures and their perspective applications. We highlight challenges in the analysis techniques, device design, efficient coupling techniques, and fabrication and characterization techniques for both planar and three-dimensional structures. We discuss extensively progress to date to overcome various aspects in the available modeling and simulation tools as well as the necessary fabrication procedures to produce functional photonic crystal structures and devices. Hence, the goal of the work presented in this paper is to present key building blocks, which will in turn facilitate the full utilization of the unique spatial and temporal properties of photonic crystal structures
Une révolution bureaucratique britannique ? (2008)

L’article a pour point de départ un puzzle : comment rendre compte des transformations des comportements routiniers de groupes, d’organisations et d’individus en Grande-Bretagne ? À partir d’une analyse précise des interdépendances entre État et marché et du rôle de l’État dans la création du marché tirée de Weber et de Polanyi, nous proposons de reprendre et d’adapter la notion de révolution bureaucratique avancée par Weber. Nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle la révolution bureaucratique britannique se traduit par le fait que l’État joue un rôle essentiel dans le changement social en créant des règles, des institutions qui orientent dans la durée le comportement des acteurs. L’exemple de la santé est ensuite mobilisé pour identifier des mécanismes précis qui exercent leur influence sur une durée d’une dizaine d’années, à savoir l’introduction de dispositifs de concurrence (sanction récompense) d’une part, d’audit et d’inspection d’autre part. Si notre interprétation est pertinente, on peut envisager que les effets de cette révolution bureaucratique s’exercent dans d’autres contextes que celui de la Grande-Bretagne.
Symetrie et entrelacs de courbes reelles algebriques (2000)

Une courbe reelle algebrique x de degre d est l'ensemble des zeros dans cp 2 d'un polynome homogene de degre d en les coordonnees homogenes z 0 : z 1 : z 2. Dans ce travail on ne considere que les courbes lisses, autrement dit les courbes issues d'un polynome p depourvu de singularites dans c 3 0. Nous regardons dans cp 2 l'involution 1 : z 0 : z 1 : z 2 z 0 : z 1 : z 2 qui induit sur le plan projectif reel rp 2 la seule involution non triviale a isotopie equivariante pres. Une courbe x est dite symetrique si x = x. Presque toutes les conjectures formulees sur les courbes reelles algebriques depuis le debut du siecle - fausses dans le cas general - sont vraies dans le cadre des courbes symetriques. Dans le premier chapitre on construit, a l'aide de la partie reelle x r et de la partie miroir x r une courbe y qui habite la surface reglee f 2. Nous etudions les liens entre les courbes x r et y r et interdisons des configurations symetriques de (m-1)-schemas reels de degre 9 et 10. Dans le deuxieme chapitre nous examinons le cas des (m-2)-courbes de degre pair et prouvons dans le cadre symetrique un theoreme analogue a celui de karlamov. Le troisieme chapitre est consacre a l'etude des pinceaux de coniques ou nous degageons un theoreme d'alternance comparable a celui du pinceau de droites de fiedler. Nous appliquons un pinceau de coniques symetriques pour interdire des configurations symetriques de schemas comptant un maximum d'ovales. Dans le quatrieme chapitre on s'interesse a la topologie des courbes reelles algebriques par le biais de la theorie des nuds. A une configuration orientee d'ovales d'une courbe reelle algebrique separante muni du choix d'une droite reelle orientee on associe un entrelacs slice dans la sphere s 3. Par cette approche nous esperons utiliser les techniques d'obstructions d'entrelacs slices pour obtenir de nouvelles restrictions topologiques sur les courbes reelles separantes. Enfin, en annexe de ces resultats, nous joignons une preuve tres visuelle et simplifiee du theoreme de vogel qui transforme tout diagramme d'entrelacs en un diagramme de tresse fermee.
Recombinant toxins containing the variable domains of the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody to the interleukin-2 receptor kill malignant cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1992)

We have previously shown that the variable domains of the monoclonal antibody anti-Tac [anti-Tac(Fv)] can be fused to derivatives of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) or diphtheria toxin (DT) to produce recombinant immunotoxins that kill interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor- bearing cells. We now report that two of these single-chain recombinant immunotoxins, anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL and DT388-anti-Tac(Fv), are cytotoxic toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In anti-Tac(Fv)- PE40KDEL, anti-Tac(Fv) is genetically fused to the amino terminus of PE40KDEL, a recombinant form of PE which contains amino acids 253–608 of PE and the -KDEL mutation at the carboxyl terminus. In DT388-anti- Tac(Fv), anti-Tac(Fv) is fused to the carboxyl terminus of the first 388 amino acids of DT. PBMCs from 14 patients were incubated with the recombinant toxins for 60 hours, and [3H]-leucine incorporation was measured. Anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL was cytotoxic to 7 of the 14 patient samples, with half-maximal inhibition of protein synthesis (IC50) achieved at 1.2 to 9 ng/mL (1.8 to 13 x 10(-11) mol/L). DT388-anti- Tac(Fv) was cytotoxic to 11 of the 14 samples, with IC50s ranging from less than 1 to 250 ng/mL. DT388-IL-2, in which the first 388 amino acids of DT are attached to IL-2, was marginally cytotoxic toward only 4 of 13 CLL samples tested with IC50s ranging from 100 to 550 ng/mL. Trypan blue staining of cells from several patients indicated that inhibition of protein synthesis correlated with cell death. Binding assays using [3H]-anti-Tac indicated that the CLL cells from nine of the patients contained between 400 and 2,500 sites per cell. Cells from another patient, which were resistant to both anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL and DT388-anti-Tac(Fv), had less than 100 sites per cell. We conclude that anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL and DT388-anti-Tac(Fv) can kill CLL cells which have low numbers of IL-2 receptors, and should be investigated further for therapy of this disease.
Electrical characterization of silicon diodes formed by laser annealing of implanted dopants (2003)

Near-ideal n + p and p + n diodes have been fabricated with excellent uniformity by implanting 5 keV As + and BF 2 + , respectively, and applying high-power excimer laser annealing for dopant activation. Four types of electrical measurements have been used to understand the conditions necessary for fabricating both reproducible I-V characteristics and junction depths: diode I-V characteristics, contact resistance measurements, CV-doping profiling of the p + n diode junction depth, and implanted polysilicon resistor measurement to monitor the laser beam uniformity.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 4‐Alkylprolines by Intramolecular Radical Cyclization of Chiral Serine Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CFD-Based Analysis and Design of Biomimetic Flexible Propulsor for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (2007)

his work is part of a research program designed to develop a maneuvering propulsor for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV’s) based on the mechanical design and performance of fish fin. Fish are notable for their ability to maneuver and to accurately position themselves even in highly unsteady flows. Fish can maneuver in tight spaces and accelerate and decelerate quickly from rest or low speed with the same propulsion system. Also, fish fins are remarkable fluid control devices with supporting bony elements that are under active muscular control. In addition to muscular actuation at the base of the fin which governs overall fin position, fish fins possess a bilaminar design that allows active control of propulsor surface curvature (Lauder et al., 2005). This paper will focus on hydrodynamic analyses of bluegill sunfish’s pectoral fin which were carried out to guide the design of a flexible propulsor for AUV’s.
Geometric Data Augmentation Based On Feature Map Ensemble (2021)

Deep convolutional networks have become the mainstream in computer vision applications. Although CNNs have been successful in many computer vision tasks, it is not free from drawbacks. The performance of CNN is dramatically degraded by geometric transformation, such as large rotations. In this paper, we propose a novel CNN architecture that can improve the robustness against geometric transformations without modifying the existing backbones of their CNNs. The key is to enclose the existing backbone with a geometric transformation (and the corresponding reverse transformation) and a feature map ensemble. The proposed method can inherit the strengths of existing CNNs that have been presented so far. Furthermore, the proposed method can be employed in combination with state-of-the-art data augmentation algorithms to improve their performance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using standard datasets such as CIFAR, CUB-200, and Mnist-rot-12k.
Consensus Definition and Prediction of Complexity in Transurethral Resection or Bladder Endoscopic Dissection of Bladder Tumours (2020)

Ten senior urologists were interrogated to develop a predictive model based on factors from which they could anticipate complex transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT). Complexity was defined by consensus. Panel members then used a five-point Likert scale to grade those factors that, in their opinion, drove complexity. Consensual factors were highlighted through two Delphi rounds. Respective contributions to complexity were quantitated by the median values of their scores. Multivariate analysis with complexity as a dependent variable tested their independence in clinical scenarios obtained by random allocation of the factors. The consensus definition of complexity was "any TURBT/En-bloc dissection that results in incomplete resection and/or prolonged surgery (>1 h) and/or significant (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) perioperative complications". Logistic regression highlighted five domains as independent predictors: patient's history, tumour number, location, and size and access to the bladder. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed good discrimination (AUC = 0.92). The sum of the scores of the five domains adjusted to their regression coefficients or Bladder Complexity Score yielded comparable performance (AUC = 0.91, C-statistics, <i>p</i> = 0.94) and good calibration. As a whole, preoperative factors identified by expert judgement were organized to quantitate the risk of a complex TURBT, a crucial requisite to personalise patient information, adapt human and technical resources to individual situations and address TURBT variability in clinical trials.
Severe Ocular Complications Associated With Wearing of Contact Lens in Japan (2021)

The major cause of serious contact lens-associated ocular complications was microbial keratitis, and P. aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba were the major pathogens in Japan.
Electrostatic Separator for Beneficiation of Lunar Soil (2010)

A charge separator has been constructed for use in a lunar environment that will allow for separation of minerals from lunar soil. In the present experiments, whole lunar dust as received was used. The approach taken here was that beneficiation of ores into an industrial feedstock grade may be more efficient. Refinement or enrichment of specific minerals in the soil before it is chemically processed may be more desirable as it would reduce the size and energy requirements necessary to produce the virgin material, and it may significantly reduce the process complexity. The principle is that minerals of different composition and work function will charge differently when tribocharged against different materials, and hence be separated in an electric field.