gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Safer Retinal Surgery through Chance Constraint Optimization and Real-Time Geometry Estimation (2021)

Safely navigating a surgical tool to a desired location on the surface of the retina during retinal surgery relies on extreme precision and surgical skills. Damage to the delicate retinal tissue often occurs. Previous work demonstrated an approach for robot-assisted navigation in eye surgery using imitation learning and optimal control. To further enhance safety, we present a framework that combines real-time eye geometry estimation and chance-constrained optimal control to bound the probability for tissue damage during autonomous robotic navigation. A neural network is trained to predict the relative location of 3-D points on the retina with respect to the current tool-tip position through expert demonstrations. During inference, a local geometry of the retina is estimated using weighted least squares formulation based on these learned predictions and then employed as a probabilistic collision chance constraint in an optimal control framework. The proposed approach is experimentally validated using a phantom silicone eye suitable for vein cannulation testing. We statistically demonstrate that the network predictions become more accurate as the surgical tool approaches closer to the retinal surface and that the measured mean errors along the lateral directions for navigating to a given point or for a vessel-following task are below 0.1 mm. These results indicate that the proposed technique could serve as a basis to further develop robot-assisted retinal microsurgery with enhanced safety.
Technologies for very high bandwidth electrical interconnects between next generation VLSI circuits (2002)

The evolution of VLSI technology asks for an increasing bandwidth of the interconnects between IC's and other system elements. For short interconnects, electrical signal lines still maintain the highest capacity and speed. In order to keep up with the increasing speed and density requirements, thin film multi-chip modules will have to be increasingly used. The capabilities and limitations of such interconnects are discussed. In order to push back some of these limitations, the third dimension will have to be used as well, resulting in 3D stacks, such as the Ultra-Thin Chip Stacking (UTCS) technology proposed.
Influence of Cation Type on Ionic Aggregates in Precise Ionomers (2013)

We report atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of model ionomers with precise spacing between charged groups (polyethylene-co-acrylic acid). We explore different counterion types, neutralization levels, and spacer lengths between acid groups and provide a thorough analysis of the resulting ionic aggregate morphologies. Structure factors computed from the simulations are in good agreement with previous experimental X-ray scattering data, which provides strong validation of the simulation methods. Aggregate morphologies range from small spherical aggregates to string-like shapes and large percolated networks. The unexpected morphologies of the ionic aggregates suggest the need for a novel interpretation of scattering data for these materials. We quantify cation–anion and oxygen–hydrogen association, the two interactions primarily responsible for aggregate formation, and report detailed information pertaining to local structures around cations. This information is difficult to obtain experimentally and may have important consequences for ion transport.
Rapid characterization of polyalcohols by silylation and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2007)

A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry method for rapidly enumerating hydroxyl groups in analytes is described, and applied to some common polyalcohols (erythritol, mannitol and xylitol). Polyalcohols were derivatized with trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSI) either separately or as mixtures, and were analyzed, without chromatographic separation or purification. The mass spectra revealed consecutive peaks that are separated by 72 m/z units as a consequence of displacement of one hydroxyl hydrogen atom by one TMS group. The number of observed peaks was used to confirm the number of hydroxyl groups in each analyte.
5G Wireless Access of the Future (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. Dahlman, "5G Wireless Access of the Future," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper Th3A.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Lapatinib-induced annexin A6 upregulation as an adaptive response of triple-negative breast cancer cells to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2018)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a major oncogene in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the use of EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is associated with poor response and acquired resistance. Understanding the basis for the acquired resistance to these drugs and identifying biomarkers to monitor the ensuing resistance remain a major challenge. We previously showed that reduced expression of annexin A6 (AnxA6), a calcium-dependent membrane-binding tumor suppressor, not only promoted the internalization and degradation of activated EGFR but also sensitized TNBC cells to EGFR-TKIs. Here, we demonstrate that prolong (>3 days) treatment of AnxA6-low TNBC cells with lapatinib led to AnxA6 upregulation and accumulation of cholesterol in late endosomes. Basal extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation was EGFR independent and significantly higher in lapatinib-resistant MDA-MB-468 (LAP-R) cells. These cells were more sensitive to cholesterol depletion than untreated control cells. Inhibition of lapatinib-induced upregulation of AnxA6 by RNA interference (A6sh) or withdrawal lapatinib from LAP-R cells not only reversed the accumulation of cholesterol in late endosomes but also led to enrichment of plasma membranes with cholesterol, restored EGFR-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and sensitized the cells to lapatinib. These data suggest that lapatinib-induced AnxA6 expression and accumulation of cholesterol in late endosomes constitute an adaptive mechanism for EGFR-expressing TNBC cells to overcome prolong treatment with EGFR-targeted TKIs and can be exploited as an option to inhibit and/or monitor the frequently observed acquired resistance to these drugs.
MXene aerogel for efficient photothermally driven membrane distillation with dual-mode antimicrobial capability (2021)

A MXene-based composite aerogel enabling highly efficient photothermally driven membrane distillation with dual-mode anti-biofouling properties make it highly appealing for solar-driven desalination.
Transition Metal Complexes with Sulfur Ligands. 130.1 Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the Sulfur-Rich Ruthenium Hydride Complexes [Ru(H)(PR3)(‘S4')]- and the η2-H2 Complex [Ru(H2)(PCy3)(‘S4')] (R = Ph, iPr, Cy; ‘S4'2- = 1,2-Bis((2-mercaptophenyl)thio)ethane(2−)) (1998)

Hydride and eta(2)-H(2) ruthenium complexes with sulfur-rich coordination spheres were synthesized. Substitution of either DMSO or PPh(3) in [Ru(DMSO)(PR(3))('S(4)')] and [Ru(PPh(3))(2)('S(4)')] by hydride anions from LiAlH(4) or NaBEt(3)H yielded [Ru(H)(PR(3))('S(4)')](-) complexes (R = (i)Pr, Ph, Cy; 'S(4)'(2)(-) = 1,2-bis((2-mercaptophenyl)thio)ethane(2-)). They were isolated as [Li(THF)(Et(2)O)][Ru(H)(PR(3))('S(4)')] (R = (i)Pr (1a), Cy (1b), Na[Ru(H)(PCy(3))('S(4)')].2BEt(3).0.5DMSO (2a), and the solvent-free Na[Ru(H)(PPh(3))('S(4)')].2BEt(3) (2b). X-ray structure determinations of 1a.0.5Et(2)O and 1b.Et(2)O showed that in both complexes pseudooctahedral [Ru(H)(PR(3))('S(4)')](-) anions are bridged to pseudotetrahedral [Li(THF)(Et(2)O)] cations via the hydride ligand and one thiolate donor of the 'S(4)'(2)(-) ligand (crystal data: 1a, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 1401.6(2) pm, b = 1045.2(3) pm, c = 2590.6(4) pm, beta = 95.04(1) degrees, V = 3.780(1) nm(3), Z = 4; 1b, triclinic, P&onemacr;, a = 1264.2(1) pm, b = 1322.9(3) pm, c = 1569.5(2) pm, alpha = 88.96(1) degrees, beta = 83.48(1) degrees, gamma = 62.16(1) degrees, V = 2.3042(6) nm(3), Z = 2). Short intramolecular C-H.H-Ru contacts ( approximately 230 pm) between the hydride ligands, phosphine substituents, and lithium-coordinated Et(2)O molecules indicate "unconventional" hydrogen bonds. They potentially help to decrease the hydridic character of the hydride ligand to such an extent that no structural hydride trans influence can be observed in the solid state. In solution at room temperature, all hydride complexes 1a-2b rapidly release H(2) or HD, when treated with CH(3)OH or CD(3)OD. Low-temperature (1)H and (2)H NMR spectroscopy between -20 and -80 degrees C showed that initially eta(2)-H(2) or eta(2)-HD complexes form. Their formation explains the observed scrambling between protons and hydride ligands, which requires a heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen. A 1:1:1 triplet at delta = -6.5 ppm ((1)J(HD) = 32 Hz, (2)J(PH) = 5 Hz) and a relaxation time of T(1)(min) = 4 ms (-60 degrees C, 270 MHz) firmly established the formation of the eta(2)-dihydrogen complexes. The reversibility of H(2) release and uptake by [Ru(PCy(3))('S(4)')] fragments and the heterolytic cleavage of H(2) in [Ru(eta(2)-H(2))(PCy(3))('S(4)')] was further ascertained by the reaction of [Ru(DMSO)(PCy(3))('S(4)')] with H(2) in the presence of NaOMe, yielding the [Ru(H)(PCy(3))('S(4)')](-) anion. The relevance of the complexes and their reactions for the heterolytic H(2) activation at the transition metal sulfur sites of hydrogenases is discussed.
Surface roughness and in-plane texturing in sputtered thin films (1998)

Real surfaces are not flat on an atomic scale. Studying the effects of roughness on microstructural evolution is of relevance because films are sputtered onto nonideal surfaces in many applications. To this end, amorphous rough substrates of two different morphologies, either elongated mounds or facets, were fabricated. The microstructural development of films deposited onto these surfaces was examined. In particular, the development of a preferred crystallographic orientation in the plane of growth in 400 nm thick Mo films grown on the rough substrates was studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron diffraction, and high resolution x-ray diffraction (using φ scans in the symmetric grazing incidence x-ray scattering geometry with a synchrotron light source). It was found that the degree of texturing was dependent upon the type of roughness and its orientation during deposition. By limiting the average oblique angle of incident adatom flux, rough surfaces slowed the development of in-plane texture. Comparison between experimental data and theoretical predictions showed that a recent analytical model is able to reasonably predict the degree of texturing in films grown onto these surfaces.
Development of Transient Absorption Ultrasonic Microscopy (2011)

We have developed a novel hybrid imaging modality, Transient Absorption Ultrasonic Microscopy, that integrates nonlinear absorption with photoacoustic detection to achieve high resolution absorption imaging. Basic principles and recent progress will be discussed.
Measurement of prompt charged-particle production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV (2021)

The differential cross-section of prompt inclusive production of long-lived charged particles in proton-proton collisions is measured using a data sample recorded by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of ${\\sqrt{s} = 13\\,\\mathrm{TeV}}$. The data sample, collected with an unbiased trigger, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of ${5.4\\,\\mathrm{nb}^{-1}}$. The differential cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity in the ranges ${p_\\mathrm{T} \\in [0.08, 10)\\,\\mathrm{GeV}\\,c^{-1}}$ and ${\\eta \\in [2.0, 4.8)}$ and is determined separately for positively and negatively charged particles. The results are compared with predictions from various hadronic-interaction models.
Evaluating Content Based Image Retrieval Techniques With The One Million Images Clic Test Bed (2007)

Pattern recognition and image recognition methods are commonly developed and tested using testbeds, which contain known responses to a query set. Until now, testbeds available for image analysis and content-based image retrieval (CBIR) have been scarce and small-scale. Here we present the one million images CEA-List Image Collection (CLIC) testbed that we have produced, and report on our use of this testbed to evaluate image analysis merging techniques. This testbed will soon be made publicly available through the EU MUSCLE Network of Excellence.
Abstract 1351: Lauryn Werner (2022)

Abstract Clinical studies have linked usage of progestins (synthetic progesterone) to breast cancer risk. However, little is understood regarding the role of native progesterone (P4), signaling through the progesterone receptor (PR), in breast tumor formation. Recently, we reported a link between PR and immune signaling pathways, showing that P4/PR can repress type I interferon signaling pathways. Given these findings, we sought to investigate whether P4/PR drive immunomodulation in the mammary gland and promote tumor formation. To determine the effect of P4 on immune cell populations in the murine mammary gland, mice were treated with P4 or placebo pellets for 21 days. We found that mice treated with P4 exhibited changes in the mammary gland indicative of an inhibited immune response compared to placebo-treated mice. To assess the effect of PR overexpression on mammary gland tumor development as well as immune cell populations in the mammary gland, a transgenic mouse model was used in which PR is overexpressed throughout the entire mouse. Immune cell populations were assessed in the mammary glands by flow cytometry, which revealed decreased numbers of various immune cell populations. Transgenic mice were also monitored for mammary gland tumor development over a 2-year timespan. Following development of mammary gland tumors, immune cell populations in the tumors and spleens of transgenic and control mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Upon long-term monitoring, we determined that multi-parous PR overexpressing mice developed significantly more mammary gland tumors than control mice. Additionally, tumors from PR overexpressing mice contained fewer infiltrating immune cells, and RNA sequencing analysis of tumor samples revealed that immune-related gene signatures were lower in tumors from PR overexpressing mice as compared to control mice. Finally, we utilized syngeneic mammary gland tumor models to evaluate the effect of P4 on the growth of PR+ mammary gland tumors in vivo, which revealed that P4 promoted tumor growth and decreased immune cell infiltration of PR+ mammary gland tumors. Together, these findings offer a novel mechanism of P4-driven mammary gland tumor development and provide rationale in investigating the usage of anti-progestin therapies to promote immune-mediated elimination of mammary gland tumors. Citation Format: Lauryn Rose Werner, Katelin A. Gibson, Merit L. Goodman, Dominika E. Helm, Katherine R. Walter, Sean M. Holloran, Gloria M. Trinca, Richard C. Hastings, Howard H. Yang, Ying Hu, Junping Wei, Gangjun Lei, Xiao-Yi Yang, Rashna Madan, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Mary A. Markiewicz, Prabhakar Chalise, Margaret L. Axelrod, Justin M. Balko, Kent W. Hunter, Zachary C. Hartman, Carol A. Lange, Christy R. Hagan. Lauryn Werner [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1351.
Hyperspectral target detection in a whitened space utilizing forward modeling concepts (2010)

This paper addresses the issue of radiance domain target detection in hyperspectral imagery based on forward modeling of a target reflectance spectrum. The work focuses on taking advantage of generated target spaces and how to incorporate them into a detection scheme. Analysis was performed in a whitened space where lack-of-fit issues can be magnified. From this, two types of detectors were generated, one based on utilizing all vectors in a target space and another, similar detector, utilizing all target space vectors in a lower dimensional space. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results show that the new detectors perform better than previously implemented methodologies.
Cyclohexyl EDTA monoanhydride (2023)

The present invention relates to new rigid chelating structures, to methods for preparing these materials, and to their use in preparing radiometal labeled immunoconjugates. These new chelates include cyclohexyl EDTA monohydride, the transforms of cyclohexyl DTPA and TTHA and derivatives of these cyclohexyl polyaminocarboxylate materials.
Anomalous Output Conductance in N-Polar GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (2012)

An anomalous output conductance that resembled short-channel effects was observed in long-channel N-polar GaN-channel/AlGaN-back-barrier/GaN-buffer high electron mobility transistors. The phenomenon could not be reasonably explained by drain-induced barrier lowering, leakage currents, or impact ionization events. We propose that the output conductance was caused by the ionization of a donorlike hole trap state at the negatively polarized AlGaN-back-barrier/GaN-buffer interface that shifted the threshold voltage at the drain side of the gate, where a high-field depletion region developed beyond current saturation. No evidence of increased output conductance or related device performance degradation was apparent under small-signal high-frequency conditions. The output conductance was suppressed by introducing photogenerated holes that compensated the traps. The effect of several typical back-barrier designs on the dc output conductance was examined.
Avian influenza at animal‐human interface: One‐health challenge in live poultry retail stalls of Chakwal, Pakistan (2020)

This study provides evidence of co-circulation of H9 virus in poultry and exposure of butchers in the LPRSs, which poses a continued threat to public health. We suggest regular surveillance of AIVs in occupationally exposed butchers and birds in LPRSs.
Data from AXL Inhibition Improves the Antitumor Activity of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a member of the TYRO3, AXL, and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase MER family and plays pleiotropic roles in cancer progression. AXL is expressed in immunosuppressive cells, which contributes to decreased efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that AXL inhibition could serve as a strategy to overcome resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)–cell therapy. To test this, we determined the impact of AXL inhibition on CD19-targeted CAR T (CART19)–cell functions. Our results demonstrate that T cells and CAR T cells express high levels of AXL. Specifically, higher levels of AXL on activated Th2 CAR T cells and M2-polarized macrophages were observed. AXL inhibition with small molecules or via genetic disruption in T cells demonstrated selective inhibition of Th2 CAR T cells, reduction of Th2 cytokines, reversal of CAR T-cell inhibition, and promotion of CAR T-cell effector functions. AXL inhibition is a novel strategy to enhance CAR T-cell functions through two independent, but complementary, mechanisms: targeting Th2 cells and reversing myeloid-induced CAR T-cell inhibition through selective targeting of M2-polarized macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Circumventing the far-field diffraction limit in optical nanopatterning (2013)

The far-field diffraction limit prevents patterning of structures closer than about half the wavelength of light. I will present recently developed techniques that can circumvent this limit and thereby enable optical nanopatterning.
Amplicons as Vaccine Vectors (2006)

HSV-1 amplicon vectors efficiently transduce cultured antigen-presenting cells (APC), including both human and murine dendritic cells as well as primary human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. Helper-free amplicons have been shown to be especially well-suited for this purpose, since they do not impair the antigen-presenting functions of these target cells. In vivo, amplicon vectors have been used in preclinical studies aimed at the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, as well as vaccines for Alzheimer's disease, and selected microbial pathogens. Studies in small animal model systems have shown that ex vivo transduction of irradiated tumor cells with amplicon vectors encoding immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-2 or GM-CSF can elicit protective responses against a tumor challenge. In an experimental model for cancer immunotherapy, direct transduction of preformed tumors with vectors encoding CD40L resulted in slowed tumor growth or tumor eradication. Other studies have examined the ability of amplicons to elicit immune responses against encoded antigens, and have shown that strong cellular immune responses can be generated against amplicon encoded HIV-1 antigens in mice. Thus, amplicon vectors have shown significant promise as vaccine vectors in a range of settings. These promising initial findings highlight the need to perform additional studies, including experiments to evaluate the immunogenicity of amplicon vectors in additional animal models, possibly including nonhuman primates. Overall, amplicon vectors offer compelling advantages when compared to other vaccine-delivery platforms, which include the capacity to incorporate a very large transgene payload and the potential to efficiently transduce mucosal surfaces. It will be important to design future studies to directly test and exploit these features of the amplicon system. The next few years therefore promise to be an exciting and important period in the development of amplicons as vaccine vectors.
Amino acid sequence of flagellin of Bacillus subtilis 168. II. Tryptic peptides from maleylated flagellin. (1976)

Fifteen pure peptides, ranging in length from 2 to 141 residues, were isolated from the tryptic digest of maleylated flagellin. Studies of these peptides in conjunction with the data on the eight cyanogen bromide peptides described earlier (Chang, J. Y., DeLange, R. J., Shaper, J. H., and Glazer, A. N. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 695-700) established the order of three of the CNBr peptides at the NH2 terminus and of three at the COOH terminus of flagellin.