gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of Rat Tracheal Epithelium: Changes in Gap Junctions During Specific Phases of the Cell Cycle (1982)

Uninjured mitotically inactive tracheal epithelium has virtually no gap junctions. When the epithelium is stimulated to proliferate synchronously through a single wave of DNA synthesis and cell division, study of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas by conventional transmission electron microscopy reveals that gap junctions are formed by the end of the DNA synthetic (S) phase. During the period of mitosis (M), the gap junctions disappear and are not again observed as the superficial cells undergo mucous and ciliary differentiation and normal pseudostratified architecture is restored. If the regenerative cells are continuously stimulated so they go through at least one additional S phase, gap junctions begin to reappear in G1 and reach peak numbers at the end of the second S phase. The correlation of the appearance of gap junctions in regenerating tracheal epithelium with a specific phase of the cell cycle and the absence of these junctions in cells in other phases of the cycle and in the differentiated progeny cells suggests that this surface feature plays a role in control of mitotic activity.
Simple mucin-type Tn and sialosyl-Tn carbohydrate antigens in salivary gland carcinomas (1993)

Mucin-type Tn and sialosyl-Tn may be regarded as markers of a glandular differentiation pattern in salivary gland carcinomas. The cellular location of the antigen-antibody complex indicates that they are synthesized and secreted from the tumor cells into saliva or serum.
Discussion: Recent Common Ancestors of all Present-Day Individuals (1999)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
The Characteristics of Polysilicon Oxide Grown on Amorphous Silicon Deposited from Disilane (1997)

The characteristics of polysilicon oxide (polyoxide) grown on amorphous silicon deposited from disilane as the silicon source are reported on. The rate of amorphous silicon deposition from disilane is comparable to that of polysilicon deposition from silane. Moreover, the obtained polyoxide has the desirable electrical characteristics of lower leakage current and higher breakdown field than those of polyoxide grown on polysilicon deposition from silane, urgently needed for nonvolatile memory application. At the same time, the grown polysilicon oxides have lower electron trapping rates and larger charge-to-breakdown ( Q bd ), both attributable to their smoother polyoxide/polysilicon-1 interface than those of polyoxides grown on polysilicon deposition from silane.
Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models of Human Intestine (2018)

Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models of human intestine have been developed and used to study intestinal physiology and pathophysiology. In this article, we review this field and describe how microfluidic Intestine Chips offer new capabilities not possible with conventional culture systems or organoid cultures, including the ability to analyze contributions of individual cellular, chemical, and physical control parameters one-at-a-time; to coculture human intestinal cells with commensal microbiome for extended times; and to create human-relevant disease models. We also discuss potential future applications of human Intestine Chips, including how they might be used for drug development and personalized medicine.
Highly-oriented PVD Ruthenium Liner for Low-resistance Direct-plated Cu Interconnects (2007)

Low-resistance Cu damascene interconnects have been developed with highly oriented PVD-Ru/TaN liner using a direct-plated Cu process. Texture of the direct-plated Cu on the Ru/TaN is strongly correlated with Ru(002) orientation, enriching Cu(lll) texture comparable with a conventional plated-Cu film on seed-Cu/Ta/TaN. The resistivity of 0.2μm-wide direct-plated Cu lines with the highly (002)-oriented Ru/TaN liner at 20K is 12.4% lower than that of conventional Cu lines with Ta/TaN liner, meaning that the reduction of the resistivity in Cu lines with Ru liner at RT was achieved by smaller interface scattering besides the lower bulk resistivity of Ru than Ta. The orientation control of Ru liner is a key factor for the low-resistance Cu interconnects needed for scaled-down ULSI interconnects.
Methanothermobacter tenebrarum sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic, thermophilic methanogen isolated from gas-associated formation water of a natural gas field (2012)

A thermophilic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen, strain RMAS(T), was isolated from gas-associated formation water of a gas-producing well in a natural gas field in Japan. Strain RMAS(T) grew solely on H(2)/CO(2) but required Casamino acids, tryptone, yeast extract or vitamins for growth. Growth of strain RMAS(T) was stimulated by acetate. Cells were non-motile, straight rods (0.5×3.5-10.5 µm) and occurred singly or in pairs. Bundles of fimbriae occurred at both poles of cells and the cell wall was thick (approximately 21 nm, as revealed by ultrathin section electron microscopy). Strain RMAS(T) grew at 45-80 °C (optimum, 70 °C), at pH 5.8-8.7 (optimum, pH 6.9-7.7) and with 0.001-20 g NaCl l(-1) (optimum, 2.5 g NaCl l(-1)). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH(T) was most closely related to the isolate (95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of morphological, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is clear that strain RMAS(T) represents a novel species of the genus Methanothermobacter, for which we propose the name Methanothermobacter tenebrarum sp. nov. The type strain is RMAS(T) ( = DSM 23052(T) = JCM 16532(T) = NBRC 106236(T)).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles Using Polymer‐Supported Reagents. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data compression with inline compression metadata (2023)

Techniques for handling data compression in which metadata that indicates which portions of data are compressed are which portions of data are not compressed are disclosed. Segments of a buffer referred to as block groups store compressed blocks of data along with uncompressed blocks of data and hash blocks. If a block group includes a block that is a hash of another block in the block group, then the other block is considered to be compressed. If the block group does not include a block that is a hash of another block in the block group, then the blocks in the block group are uncompressed. The hash function to generate the hash is selected to prevent “collisions,” which occur when the data being stored in the buffer is such that it is possible for a hash block and an uncompressed block to be the same.
Puroindoline allele diversity in Canadian and northern US hard spring wheat varieties differing in kernel hardness (2008)

Kernel hardness, one of the most important factors in determining the end-use suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is largely influenced by puroindoline proteins a (PINA) and b (PINB). Soft texture is wildtype (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a) with hard texture being determined by either Pina-D1 gene deletion or point mutations in Pinb-D1a. The objectives of this study were to determine kernel hardness indices (HI) and Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allelic diversity in a diverse set of 81 Canadian (representing eight wheat classes) and 49 US hard spring wheat varieties. Varieties were grouped into two experimental sets grown in replicated trials in 2004–2006 at Saskatoon, SK. Variation existed among varieties with HI means ranging from 21.7 (CDC Zorba) to 72.7 (AC Morse) in exp. 1 and from 25.0 (HY320) to 66.1 (Norlander) in exp. 2. Only AC Andrew, CDC Zorba, and Red Fife were soft kernel textured and carried the wildtype Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a alleles. The majority of Canadian varieties were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b (69%), while a greater frequency of US varieties was Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a (55%). Only four varieties, all from Quebec-based breeding programs, carried the Pinb-D1c allele. On average, varieties with the Pina-D1b allele had significantly harder kernels than those carrying the Pinb-D1b mutation. Durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) varieties, included as hard-kernelled controls, possessed significantly harder kernels (average HI = 71.2) than spring wheat varieties with Pina-D1b (65.3). Varieties carrying Pina-D1b (null PINA) were harder than those carrying hardness mutations at the Pinb-D1 locus, but considerable overlap in hardness was evident among genotypic classes. This work represents the first extensive Pin genotyping combined with HI phenotyping survey of Canadian wheat varieties, which is expected to aid breeders in understanding how Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allele composition is currently associated with kernel hardness across Canadian wheat classes. Key words: Triticum aestivum, kernel hardness, puroindolines
Development of a Versatile Corrosion Inhibitor for Multiple Oil and Gas Operating Environments (2019)

Abstract Corrosion inhibition is often the preferred choice of internal corrosion control of carbon steel pipelines and downhole tubulars for many oil and gas operators. The selection of a corrosion inhibitor (CI) is often system dependent because a CI that performs well under one set of conditions may not always do so under another. Thus, throughout the world a huge number of CI products are available and deployed to attend to the wide and varied operating environments encountered in the oil and gas industry to mitigate carbon steel corrosion. Consequently, this often requires operators to have to handle numerous chemical products to treat different fields and/or to replace CIs for the same asset as the field conditions change over time. Since this can pose challenges to operators from a logistical viewpoint, it is advantageous for a CI to have a wide window of operability in order to help reduce the number of products an operator must manage. An R&amp;D effort focused on the development of a highly versatile CI product which has been specifically formulated using a unique backbone of chemistries to inhibit carbon steel corrosion in a broad range of operating environments. Furthermore, the CI has beneficial product attributes to enable it to be handled and applied in many regions of the world via various application methods. Through several examples, this paper demonstrates the high level of corrosion inhibition performance and adaptability of the newly developed continuous CI product under several simulated field laboratory testing conditions including at low and high wall shear stress, using sweet and sour gas mixtures and differing brine compositions and temperatures. The new product also demonstrates favorable physical and secondary properties in terms of low foaming and emulsion tendency, good product stability at various temperatures as well as passing key assessments for application via umbilical and downhole capillaries.
Evaluation of maduramicin and alborixin in a SCID mouse model of chronic cryptosporidiosis (1995)

Two polyether ionophores, maduramicin and alborixin, were evaluated for anticryptosporidial activity in a severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mouse model of cryptosporidiosis. Groups of SCID mice were inoculated with 10(6) oocysts of bovine origin by oral gavage. Maduramicin or alborixin was administered beginning 4 weeks postinfection at 3 mg/kg of body weight per day. Maduramicin treatment resulted in a 96% reduction in fecal parasite load over the 3-week treatment period (P < 0.003). This reduction correlated with decreases in tissue parasite loads observed in histological sections of the small intestine (P < 0.000002) and the colon (P < 0.000006). A significant decrease in oocyst shedding was also observed after a 3-week treatment with alborixin (71% reduction, P < 0.01). Maduramicin was also evaluated in a relapsing model of cryptosporidiosis in which the infection was observed to recur after treatments were discontinued. Some toxicity, as demonstrated by weight loss, was observed with both maduramicin and alborixin. Both drugs exhibited significant anticryptosporidial activities with concomitant moderate toxicity. These polyether ionophores should be valuable as positive controls in compound evaluation studies and as lead compounds for chemical optimization (modification).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of O‐Arylhydroxylamines. A Novel Acid‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of O‐Aryl‐N‐acetoacetylhydroxylamines to Benzofurans. (1987)

Abstract The O‐arylhydroxylamines (I) rearrange in the presence of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and TFA to produce the benzofuran amides (IIa) ‐ (IId), (IIf), (III), (IV) and (VII).
Coupled-mode theory for general free-space resonant scattering of waves (2007)

We present a universal coupled-mode-theory treatment of free-space scattering of waves from resonant objects. The range of applicability of the presented approach is fairly broad: it can be used for almost any linear wave system, as long as the resonant scatterer has either three-dimensional (3D) spherical or 2D cylindrical symmetry, or else is sufficiently smaller than the resonant wavelength of the incident wave. The presented framework, while being intuitive and analytically simple, can nevertheless provide quantitatively very accurate modeling of scattering cross sections, absorption cross sections, and many other quantities of interest. We illustrate this approach by showing how it applies to the particular examples of scattering of light from spherically symmetric resonant objects and atoms, and scattering of neutrons off nuclei.
A heuristic approach for embedding communication patterns in an interconnection cached parallel processing network (2002)

The problem of identifying whether a graph has a bounded l-contraction for a given integer l is known to be NP-complete for l>2. The authors describe a heuristic approach based on simulated annealing to approximate the solution of this problem. Performance results of their algorithm on graphs representing classical topologies (e.g. trees, grids, hypercubes and cube connected cycles), are presented as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In situ structures of periplasmic flagella reveal a distinct cytoplasmic ATPase complex in Borrelia burgdorferi (2018)

ABSTRACT Periplasmic flagella are essential for the distinct morphology and motility of spirochetes. A flagella-specific Type III secretion system (fT3SS) composed of a membrane-bound export apparatus and a cytosolic ATPase complex is responsible for the assembly of the periplasmic flagella. Here, we combine cryo-electron tomography and mutagenesis approaches to characterize the fT3SS machine in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi . We define the fT3SS machine by systematically characterizing mutants lacking key component genes. We discover that a distinct cytosolic ATPase complex is attached to the flagellar C-ring through multiple spoke-like linkers. The ATPase complex not only strengthens structural rigidity of the C-ring, but also undergoes conformational changes in concert with flagellar rotation. Our studies provide structural framework to uncover the unique mechanisms underlying assembly and rotation of the periplasmic flagella and may provide the bases for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against several pathogenic spirochetes.
In vivo studies of fullerene-based materials using endohedral metallofullerene radiotracers (1999)

Biodistribution studies of a water-soluble radioactive metallofullerene compound have been conducted using BALB/c mice. To this end, a sample containing Hox@C82 (x = 1, 2) was purified and derivatized to prepare the water-soluble metallofullerol, Hox@C82(OH)y. This metallofullerol was then neutron-activated (165Ho[n,gamma]166Ho) to prepare the 166Hox@C82(OH)y analog as a radiotracer, which was monitored, after intravenous administration, for up to 48 hours by using dissection radioanalysis, and its biodistribution was compared with a control compound, Na2[166Ho(DTPA)(H2O)]. Results showed selective localization of the 166Hox@C82(OH)y tracer in the liver but with slow clearance, as well as uptake by bone without clearance. In contrast, excretion of the control compound was nearly quantitative after 1 hour. The fate of 166Ho was also explored by a metabolism study of 166Hox@C82(OH)y in Fischer rats. Results indicated 20% excretion of intact 166Hox@C82(OH)y within 5 days. The present findings demonstrate the feasibility of using water-solubilized metallofullerene radiotracers to monitor the fate of fullerene-based materials in animals, and suggest that water-solubilized fullerene materials, in general, may be useful components in drug design.
Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Aliphatic Alcohols. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Myocardial involvement in children with post-COVID multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance based multicenter international study—the CARDOVID registry (2021)

The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT04455347, registered on 01/07/2020, retrospectively registered.
Thermodynamic analysis of .beta.-turn formation in Pro-Ala, Pro-Gly, and Pro-Val model peptides in methylene chloride (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic analysis of .beta.-turn formation in Pro-Ala, Pro-Gly, and Pro-Val model peptides in methylene chlorideGui Bai Liang, Christopher J. Rito, and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 11, 4440–4442Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00037a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00037a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSELENIUM CHEMISTRY, CONVERSION OF KETONES TO ENONES BY SELENOXIDE SYN ELIMINATION (1975)

Abstract Verlauf und Grenzen der Umwandlung von Ketonen in Enone durch Selenylierung und darauffolgende Selenoxid‐Eliminierung werden an vielen Beispielen untersucht.
Abstract 3011: MicroRNA expression profiles in benign and aggressive canine mast cell tumors (2010)

Abstract Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) 18-24 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression primarily by targeting mRNAs according to the degree of complementarity with their 3’ untranslated region (UTR). MiRNAs are often dysregulated in cancer, suggesting they play a role in tumorigenesis. Canine mast cell tumors (MCT) are a common cutaneous tumor of dogs whose biological behavior varies from relatively benign disease that is cured with surgical excision to aggressive, locally invasive, highly metastatic disease that is poorly responsive even to multimodality therapy. We hypothesize that high grade MCTs possess a unique miRNA expression signature distinct from that found in benign MCTs and that this contributes to their aggressive behavior. In this study, we sought to determine which miRNAs are differentially expressed in benign and aggressive canine MCT. Methods: Total RNA was isolated by the Trizol (Invitrogen) method from 12 biologically low grade (surgical cure) and 12 biologically high grade (patient died from MCT disease). Mature miRNA expression analysis of preamplified cDNA was done using TaqMan Low Density Arrays (TLDAs), interrogating the expression profile of 378 miRNAs, 151 of whose mature sequences are 100% conserved between human and dog (Sanger miRBase release 12). Normalization was performed with the small nuclear RNA U6 and microRNA expression was calculated utilizing the comparative Ct method. Statistical analysis was performed with RealTime Statminer software (Integromics). P-values of &amp;lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The expression of specific miRNAs was significantly different in biologically low grade and high grade MCTs. 51 miRNAs were differentially expressed in high grade versus low grade tumors (p&amp;lt;0.05). MiRNAs with known importance in human tumorigenesis, including several members of the miR 17-92 cluster (hsa-miR-17, −18a, −18b) and its paralog, the miR-106b-25 cluster (hsa-miR-106b, −93, −25) were significantly overexpressed in high grade tumors as compared to low grade tumors. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that specific miRNAs contribute to the biologically aggressive canine MCT phenotype. Hierarchical clustering revealed distinct miRNA expression signatures in high grade tumors compared to low grade tumors. Characterization of miRNA expression in canine MCTs will facilitate our understanding the biology of this disease and has the potential to identify diagnostic/prognostic factors and targets for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3011.
Discovery of VU6028418: A Highly Selective and Orally Bioavailable M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist (2021)

Herein, we report the SAR leading to the discovery of VU6028418, a potent M<sub>4</sub> mAChR antagonist with high subtype-selectivity and attractive DMPK properties <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> across multiple species. VU6028418 was subsequently evaluated as a preclinical candidate for the treatment of dystonia and other movement disorders. During the characterization of VU6028418, a novel use of deuterium incorporation as a means to modulate CYP inhibition was also discovered.