gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilizing neural network and critical band processing for speech enhancement (2017)

In speech enhancement, the optimal minimum mean square error (MMSE) short-time spectral amplitude estimator requires knowledge about the probability density functions of speech and noise in the short-time Fourier transform domain, for every signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). However, both of these quantities are unknown and are usually non-stationary in real- world scenario. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a speech enhancement approach based on a set of Neural Networks of which each Neural Network is developed particularly for a critical band and a predefined SNR. In this speech enhancement approach, the Neural Network simulates a set of gain functions which attempts to match human hearing and optimises a particular SNR. The Neural Networks are trained using one speech signal contaminated with pink noise. The trained Neural Networks are evaluated using a test set consisting of 28 noisy speech signals. The speech enhancement results are compared to a state of the art MMSE based speech enhancement technique in terms of four speech quality metrics namely noise reduction ratio (NRR), intelligibility frequency weighted segmental SNR (IFWSNRseg), perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and short-time objective intelligibility (STOI). Through the evaluation, the effectiveness of the Neural Networks can be observed.
Architectural Design, Interior Decoration, and Three-Dimensional Plumbing en Route to Multifunctional Nanoarchitectures (2007)

Ultraporous aperiodic solids, such as aerogels and ambigels, are sol-gel-derived equivalents of architectures. The walls are defined by the nanoscopic, covalently bonded solid network of the gel. The vast open, interconnected space characteristic of a building is represented by the three-dimensionally continuous nanoscopic pore network. We discuss how an architectural construct serves as a powerful metaphor that guides the chemist in the design of aerogel-like nanoarchitectures and in their physical and chemical transformation into multifunctional objects that yield high performance for rate-critical applications.
Novel in vitro perfusion model to study the interaction between coagulation and blood‐borne metastasis (2005)

The association between cancer and hemostasis has long been studied in cell culture, animal models, and cancer patients developing thrombosis. The variety of biologic mechanisms involved in malignancy and metastasis makes the understanding of the relative importance of each mechanism difficult. We have developed a novel in vitro perfusion model that allows for the isolated study of the interactions between tumor cells and components of the hemostatic system under normal physiologic conditions. Segments of denuded umbilical cord or saphenous vein are cut longitudinally and mounted in a perfusion chamber under sterile conditions. Human breast cancer cells are perfused for 24 h under venous flow conditions with either whole blood (WB), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma (PPP), or serum. Tissue samples are fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as with pan-cytokeratin. Morphometric analysis is performed to quantify cancer cell adhesion. With PRP, this model maintains normal human physiologic conditions for the duration of the experiment. It differentiates between previously characterized high and low metastatic breast cancer cell lines. In addition, different vein tissue types do not alter tumor cell attachment. This model appears to be an accurate representation of the pathophysiology of in vivo metastasis. This model may serve as a useful bridge between cell culture studies and animal models. It may be a useful tool to elucidate the role of selected hemostatic systems in blood-borne metastasis and may potentially serve as a screening tool for the development of antimetastatic pharmaceutical agents.
Bring it back, bring it back, don't take it away from me – the sorting receptor RER1 (2020)

The quote "bring it back, bring it back, don't take it away from me" from Queen's <i>Love of my life</i> describes the function of the sorting receptor RER1, a 23 kDa protein with four transmembrane domains (TMDs) that localizes to the intermediate compartment and the <i>cis</i>-Golgi. From there it returns escaped proteins that are not supposed to leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) back to it. Unique about RER1 is its ability to recognize its ligands through binding motifs in TMDs. Among its substrates are ER-resident proteins, as well as unassembled subunits of multimeric complexes that are retrieved back into the ER, this way guarding the full assembly of their respective complexes. The basic mechanisms for RER1-dependent retrieval have been already elucidated some years ago in yeast. More recently, several important cargoes of RER1 have been described in mammalian cells, and the <i>in vivo</i> role of RER1 is being unveiled by using mouse models. In this Review, we give an overview of the cell biology of RER1 in different models, discuss its controversial role in the brain and provide an outlook on future directions for RER1 research.
Dynamic Features of Transition States for β‐Scission Reactions of Alkenes over Acid Zeolites Revealed by AIMD Simulations (2020)

Abstract Zeolite‐catalyzed alkene cracking is key to optimize the size of hydrocarbons. The nature and stability of intermediates and transition states (TS) are, however, still debated. We combine transition path sampling and blue moon ensemble density functional theory simulations to unravel the behavior of C 7 alkenes in CHA zeolite. Free energy profiles are determined, linking π‐complexes, alkoxides and carbenium ions, for B 1 (secondary to tertiary) and B 2 (tertiary to secondary) β‐scissions. B 1 is found to be easier than B 2 . The TS for B 1 occurs at the breaking of the C−C bond, while for B 2 it is the proton transfer from propenium to the zeolite. We highlight the dynamic behaviors of the various intermediates along both pathways, which reduce activation energies with respect to those previously evaluated by static approaches. We finally revisit the ranking of isomerization and cracking rate constants, which are crucial for future kinetic studies.
A Scalable and Topology-Aware MPLS Data-Plane Monitoring System (2018)

This document describes features of an MPLS path monitoring system and
related use cases. Segment based routing enables a scalable and simple
method to monitor data plane liveliness of the complete set of paths
belonging to a single domain. The MPLS monitoring system adds features
to the traditional MPLS Ping and LSP Trace, in a very complementary
way. MPLS topology awareness reduces management and control plane
involvement of OAM measurements while enabling new OAM features.
Abstract 14278: Microglial Calcium Activity During Ischemic Stroke (2020)

Introduction: Ischemic stroke triggers waves of propagating action potentials followed by a loss of homeostatic ion gradients, known as cortical spreading depolarizations (SD). Our data indicate that microglia respond to SD by raising intracellular Ca 2+ , triggering a release of proinflammatory cytokines that may exacerbate post-stroke morbidity. Hypothesis: Inhibiting calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels may block microglial Ca2+ influx and activation to potentially provide therapeutic benefit in ischemic stroke. Methods: We generated a mouse line expressing the Ca2+ indicator GCaMP5 in cortical microglia. Using two-photon microscopy, we imaged microglia in vivo following physical stroke via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) or chemical stroke via 1M KCl solution application. Controls were compared to mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the inflammation of ischemic stroke. To study CRAC channels as a therapeutic target, we administered CM-EX-137, a CRAC channel blocker, and compared Ca2+ activity to controls. Results: We identified periodical Ca2+ waves in cortical microglia following MCAo (Fig. 1A), or localized KCl application (Fig. 1B-E). Further, when compared to controls, LPS-exposed mice expressed significantly greater microglial Ca2+ activity during KCl-triggered SD (Fig. 1C). Additionally, administration of CM-EX-137 effectively abolished the Ca2+ signals in the microglia and propagation of SD upon application of KCl (Fig. 1E). Conclusions: Blocking the Ca2+ influx into microglia after ischemic stroke may decrease the frequency of SD and reduce microglial activation, potentially leading to smaller stroke volumes and improved clinical outcomes. Figure 1: Microglial Ca 2+ after SD. (A) Ca 2+ transients in microglia after MCAo. (B) KCl-induced Ca 2+ activity in naïve microglia. (C) KCl-induced Ca 2+ activity after LPS. (D, E) KCl-induced Ca 2+ wave after (D) vehicle or (E) CM-EX-137 administration.
Silica particles convert thiol-containing molecules to disulfides (2023)

Synthetic amorphous silica is a common food additive and a popular cosmetic ingredient. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are also widely studied for their potential use in drug delivery and imaging applications because of their unique properties, such as tunable pore sizes, large surfaces areas, and assumed biocompatibility. Such a nanomaterial, when consisting of pure silicon dioxide, is generally considered to be inert, but in this study, we showed that oxidation yields for different compounds were facilitated by simply incubating aqueous solutions with pure silica particles in the dark. Three thiol-containing molecules, L-cysteine, glutathione, and D-penicillamine, were studied separately, and it was found that more than 95% of oxidation happened after incubating any of these compounds with mesoporous silica nanoparticles in the dark for a day at room temperature. Oxidation increased over incubation time and more oxidation was found for particles having larger surface areas. For nonporous silica nanoparticles, yields of oxidation were different based on structures of molecules, correlating with steric hindrance while accessing surfaces. We propose that the silyloxy radical on silica surfaces is what facilitates oxidation. Density functional theory calculations were conducted for total energy changes for reactions between different aqueous species and silicon dioxide surfaces. These calculations identified two most plausible pathways of lowest energy to generate SiO• radicals from water radical cations and •OH radicals, previously known to exist at water interfaces.
SAT-013 Segesterone Acetate (SA) Serum Levels with a Statistical Model of Continued Use of the SA/Ethinyl Estradiol (EE) Contraceptive Vaginal System (2020)

Abstract The novel, ring-shaped, contraceptive vaginal system (CVS; Annovera™), contains 103 mg of SA and 17.4 mg of EE, and delivers a mean dose of SA 0.15/EE 0.013 mg/day. The CVS was designed to last thirteen cycles in a 21 day-in/7 day-out regimen. Objectives of these analyses were to determine the amount of SA/EE remaining in the CVS after 13 cycles of use and to estimate the SA level in serum after 1 year of continuous use. Residual SA/EE levels from CVS used by women (n=18) for 13 cycles of 21/7 regimen in a phase 3 clinical trial were further analyzed in vitro. Hypothetical SA level in serum after 1 year of continuous use was estimated using data from 39 women who participated in a 13-cycle pharmacokinetic study of the 21/7 CVS regimen. The serum data were used to construct a statistical model for the change in serum SA concentrations from cycle 1 to cycle 13. The data from each individual subject was modeled to estimate the serum SA level based on days of use. Each subject’s model was then used to estimate the serum SA level after 364 days of continuous CVS use. The average of all 364-day values from valid models was then calculated. After 13 cycles of a 21/7 regimen, the amount of SA/EE remaining in the CVS was 61.7 mg/14.0 mg (60%/80% of the original SA/EE load), which established the release of 0.15 mg SA and 0.013 mg EE per day for a total of 273 days. The model predicted that the mean serum SA level after 364 days of continuous use was 71 pmol/L with a lower limit of the 90% CI of 52 pmol/L. A high percentage of SA/EE remained in the CVS after 13 cycles of use. Serum SA levels predicted by the model following 1 year of continuous use were similar to those previously observed (mean 73 pmol/L) at 1 year in a SA silicone implant trial in which there were no reported pregnancies at 1 year (Sivin et al, Contraception. 2004;69:137-144). No pregnancy or PK data with continuous use of the CVS is available at this time. Further study on the continuous use of the CVS is warranted.
Microlithographic lens for DUV scanner (2002)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Matsuyama and Y. Shibazaki, "Microlithographic lens for DUV scanner," in International Optical Design Conference, 2002 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2002), paper IMD4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Identification and SAR of Glycine Benzamides as Potent Agonists for the GPR139 Receptor (2015)

A focused high throughput screening for GPR139 was completed for a select 100K compounds, and new agonist leads were identified. Subsequent analysis and structure-activity relationship studies identified (S)-3-chloro-N-(2-oxo-2-((1-phenylethyl)amino)ethyl)benzamide 7c as a potent and selective agonist of hGPR139 with an EC50 = 16 nM. The compound was found to cross the blood-brain barrier and have good drug-like properties amenable for oral dosing in rat.
Reconstruction Technologies for Medical Imaging Systems (2006)

Medical imaging made immense advances in the last years. Beside new modalities the traditional imaging techniques and systems made rapid improvements. A good example is the improvements of Computerized Tomography (CT) with the introduction of large detector arrays. One of the important technological challenges of most medical imager is the reconstruction technology, which has to deal with complex imaging techniques and steadily increasing requirements. This chapter provides a brief insight into this field and discusses some technological aspects of reconstruction for CT.
High-Power and High-Beam-Quality Photonic-Crystal Lasers (2019)

Recent progress in photonic crystal lasers is described. 10W-class high-power and high-beam quality (M2~2) operation is successfully demonstrated using InGaAs/GaAs semiconductor systems. The extension to InGaN/GaN semiconductor systems is also discussed.
Kink-free analog circuit design with floating-body NFD/SOI CMOS: a current-steering D-A converter (2002)

Summary form only given. MOSFETs built on SOI have yielded superior performance in RF (>1 GHz) applications mainly because of the inherent device isolation afforded by the underlying oxide. However, the floating-body (FB) non-fully depleted (NFD) SOI MOSFET has not been seriously considered as an option for analog circuits since it suffers from the kink effect. In this paper, we present a novel approach to ensure kink-free operation of FB-NFD/SOI analog circuits, using it in the design of a 10-bit current-steering D-A Converter (DAC). SOISPICE-4.4, with its device models upgraded and refined for high-frequency analog applications, is used to simulate the DAC and verify the design approach.
Dynamic dependency analysis of ordinary programs (1992)

A quantitative analysis of program execution is essential to the computer architecture design process. With the current trend in architecture of enhancing the performance of uniprocessors by exploiting fine-grain parallelism, first-order metrics of program execution, such as operation frequencies, are not sufficient; characterizing the exact nature of dependencies between operations is essential. This paper presents a methodology for constructing the dynamic execution graph that characterizes the execution of an ordinary program (an application program written in an imperatibve language such as C or FORTRAN) from a serial execution trace of the program. It then uses the methodology to study parallelism in the SPEC benchmarks. We see that the prallelism can be bursty in nature (periods of lots of parallelism followed by periods of little parallelism), but the average parallelism is quite high, ranging from 13 to 23,302 operations per cycle. Exposing this parallelism requires renaming of both registers and memory, though renaming registers alone exposes much of this parallelism. We also see that fairly large windows of dynamic instructions would be required to expose this parallelism from a sequential instruction stream.
Search for proteins with similarity to the CFTR R domain using an optimized RDBMS solution, mBioSQL (2021)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) comprises ATP binding and transmembrane domains, and a unique regulatory (R) domain not found in other ATP binding cassette proteins. Phosphorylation of the R domain at different sites by PKA and PKC is obligatory for the chloride channel function of CFTR. Sequence similarity searches on the R domain were uninformative. Furthermore, R domains from different species show low sequence similarity. Since these R domains resemble each other only in the location of the phosphorylation sites, we generated different R domain patterns masking amino acids between these sites. Because of the high number of the generated patterns we expected a large number of matches from the UniProt database. Therefore, a relational database management system (RDBMS) was set up to handle the results. During the software development our system grew into a general package which we term Modular BioSQL (mBioSQL). It has higher performance than other solutions and presents a generalized method for the storage of biological result-sets in RDBMS allowing convenient further analysis. Application of this approach revealed that the R domain phosphorylation pattern is most similar to those in nuclear proteins, including transcription and splicing factors.
Periodic mesoporous organosilicas, PMOs: fusion of organic and inorganic chemistry ‘inside’ the channel walls of hexagonal mesoporous silica (1999)

C. Yoshina-Ishii, T. Asefa, N. Coombs, M. J. MacLachlan and G. A. Ozin, Chem. Commun., 1999, 2539 DOI: 10.1039/A908252B
On batch process control using feature extraction with application to a gravimetric blender (2014)

In this paper, a data-driven control approach for batch processes based on feature extraction is proposed. In this strategy, a model of the system dynamics is not needed and the issue of adapting to different operating conditions is recast into a simple controller design problem. Throughout the paper, the proposed algorithm will be described in detail with the help of an experimental gravimetric blender example.
RETRACTED: Deficiency of a novel gene, Yulink, predisposes to heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia (2018)

Heart failure is a major cardiovascular disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure is a disastrous cardiovascular phenomenon. However, few studies have examined the genetic background that determines susceptibility to heart failure and SCD. We found that deficiency of a newly identified gene, Yulink, promoted cardiac alternans in zebrafish cardiomyocytes, and genetic knockdown (KD) resulted in pericardial edema, decreased cardiac output, and premature ventricular contractions. Yulink KD morphants exhibited irregular action potentials, slower Ca<sup>2+</sup> reuptake, and alternans of Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients and action potential duration, which are hallmarks for SCD susceptibility in heart failure. Similarly, KD of Yulink in mouse cardiomyocytes disrupted Ca<sup>2+</sup> reuptake, reduced the expression of cardiac Serca2, and resulted in a reduction in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ activity. Expression of Serca2 was up-regulated by PPARγ agonists and down-regulated by PPARγ-short hairpin RNA KD, suggesting that Yulink regulates Serca2 expression through PPARγ. Finally, Yulink and Serca2 were down-regulated in ventricular samples of hearts from patients with heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Our results highlight the interaction of Yulink with PPARγ in regulating Serca2 expression and suggest a mechanistic role of the Yulink in the development of human heart failure and SCD.-Tsai, C.-T., Kuo, M.-W., Lin, J.-L., Yu, A. L., Yu, J. Deficiency of a novel gene, Yulink, predisposes to heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia.
The Role of Cell-Free Plasma DNA in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis (2015)

cfDNA can be considered a good prognostic marker of clinical outcome in septic patients. Its levels increase in case of AKI complicating sepsis, in particular if CRRT is needed, and are associated with poor outcome. Caspase-3, IL-6 and IL-18 levels are higher in septic patients and correlate to cfDNA concentrations.
Assessment of Iodine Contrast-To-Noise Ratio in Virtual Monoenergetic Images Reconstructed from Dual-Source Energy-Integrating CT and Photon-Counting CT Data (2022)

To evaluate whether the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of an iodinated contrast agent in virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) from the first clinical photon-counting detector (PCD) CT scanner is superior to VMI CNR from a dual-source dual-energy CT scanner with energy-integrating detectors (EID), two anthropomorphic phantoms in three different sizes (thorax and abdomen, QRM GmbH), in combination with a custom-built insert containing cavities filled with water, and water with 15 mg iodine/mL, were scanned on an EID-based scanner (Siemens SOMATOM Force) and on a PCD-based scanner (Siemens, NAEOTOM Alpha). VMI (range 40−100 keV) were reconstructed without an iterative reconstruction (IR) technique and with an IR strength of 60% for the EID technique (ADMIRE) and closest matching IR strengths of 50% and 75% for the PCD technique (QIR). CNR was defined as the difference in mean CT numbers of water, and water with iodine, divided by the root mean square value of the measured noise in water, and water with iodine. A two-sample t-test was performed to evaluate differences in CNR between images. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For VMI without IR and below 60 keV, the CNR of the PCD-based images at 120 and 90 kVp was up to 55% and 75% higher than the CNR of the EID-based images, respectively (p < 0.05). For VMI above 60 keV, CNRs of PCD-based images at both 120 and 90 kVp were up to 20% lower than the CNRs of EID-based images. Similar or improved performance of PCD-based images in comparison with EID-based images were observed for VMIs reconstructed with IR techniques. In conclusion, with PCD-CT, iodine CNR on low energy VMI (<60 keV) is better than with EID-CT.
Analysis of Coupling Properties of Antenna Array in JFT-2M (1992)

The coupling code based on a variational method is extended for a toroidal antenna array of fast wave current drive (FWCD) experiments. Each current strap of antenna model is separated by the solid septum to suppress the mutual coupling. Calculation explains well the coupling properties of four loop antenna array for FWCD experiments in JFT‐2M. The distribution of loading resistances of antenna array declines at the phase differences of 60 and 90 degrees, and waves at 120 degrees on a toroidal direction in the experiments and calculations. Down shift of toroidal refractive index (Nz) of coupled power is predicted in the case of a low electron density plasma. However, the possibility of suppressing the down shift of Nz spectrum by making the steep electron density gradient nearby plasma edge of showed by the calculation.