gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bi-directional superluminal ring lasers without crosstalk and gain competition (2022)

In this paper, we present the experimental observation of simultaneous bi-directional superluminal lasing in a triangular ring cavity without gain competition and crosstalk as needed for realizing a gyroscope based on the Sagnac effect. The gain spectrum for each of the lasers is tailored to be a narrow dip on top of a broad gain using two stable isotopes of Rb. Specifically, we make use of 85Rb to produce a broad gain spectrum via the optically pumped Raman gain process and 87Rb to produce a narrow absorption spectrum via the optically pump Raman depletion process. A separate gain cell is used for the laser in each direction. Inferred from the simulation, the spectral sensitivity enhancements of the clock-wise and counter-clock-wise superluminal ring lasers are ∼362 and ∼505, respectively, with the imbalance attributed to differences in pump powers.
Microdose fluorescence imaging of ABY-029 on an operating microscope adapted by custom illumination and imaging modules (2016)

Fluorescence guided surgery has the potential to positively impact surgical oncology; current operating microscopes and stand-alone imaging systems are too insensitive or too cumbersome to maximally take advantage of new tumor-specific agents developed through the microdose pathway. To this end, a custom-built illumination and imaging module enabling picomolar-sensitive near-infrared fluorescence imaging on a commercial operating microscope is described. The limits of detection and system specifications are characterized, and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of the system in detecting ABY-029 is evaluated in a rat orthotopic glioma model following microdose injections, showing the suitability of the device for microdose phase 0 clinical trials.
Nonlinear compensation for stochastic matching (1999)

The performance of an automatic speech recognizer degrades when there exists an acoustic mismatch between the training and the testing conditions in the data. Though it is certain that the mismatch is nonlinear, its exact form is unknown. Tackling the problem of nonlinear mismatches is a difficult task that has not been adequately addressed before. We develop an approach that uses nonlinear transformations in the stochastic matching framework to compensate for acoustic mismatches. The functional form of the nonlinear transformation is modeled by neural networks. We develop a new technique to train neural networks using the generalized EM algorithm. This technique eliminates the need for stereo databases, which are difficult to obtain in practical applications. The new technique is data-driven and hence can be used under a wide variety of conditions without a priori knowledge of the environment. Using this technique, we show that we can provide improvement under various types of acoustic mismatch; in some cases a 72% reduction in word error rate is achieved.
Dissolution kinetics of a Si‐rich nanocomposite and its effect on osteoblast gene expression (2006)

Silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) has recently been proposed as a novel resorbable, bioactive, and mechanically compatible template for bone reconstruction. The effect of the physicochemical properties on the surface reactivity and dissolution kinetics of SCPC immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated and compared to that of bioactive glass (BG). Moreover, the stimulatory effect on osteoblast gene expression of SCPC was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and compared to that of hydroxyapatite (HA-200). Mercury porosimetry revealed that surface areas of SCPC particles containing 10 (SCPC10), 30 (SCPC30), and 50 (SCPC50) wt % Si-content were 14-, 18-, and 32-times higher than that of BG. Inductively coupled plasma analysis showed that after 192 h of immersion, Si-rich SCPC50 exhibited controlled bulk-dissolution and released 43.1 ppm Si, which was sixfold higher than that released from BG (7.7 ppm). Moreover, SCPC50 showed a rapid Ca-uptake from SBF and developed a surface apatite layer after only 2 h, whereas a similar layer was detected on BG after 8 days of immersion under the same experimental conditions. qRT-PCR revealed that osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression by osteoblast-like cells attached to Si-rich SCPC50 was significantly higher than that on HA-200 or polystyrene after 2 days in culture. This suggested a role of dissolved Si in stimulating the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast precursor cells. The favorable physiochemical and bioactivity properties of Si-rich SCPC nanocomposite indicate that SCPC can have wide applications as a synthetic bone graft for cell delivery applications in tissue engineering.
Thermal adsorption-enhanced atomic layer etching of Si3N4 (2017)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is an alternative method for nanopatterning in which atomic layers of material are removed by sequential self-limiting surface reactions. In this study, the authors report a new cyclic process for atomic layer etching of Si3N4 films achieved by alternating exposure steps of CH3F gas adsorption and Ar+ bombardment. Self-limiting etching characteristics of the ALE process are demonstrated as a function of both CH3F etchant flow rate and CH3F exposure time. From comparative studies on the amount of Si3N4 etched using the ALE mode versus pure Ar+ ion sputtering, it is found that the ALE process operates with an ALE synergy factor of ∼67% and also removes Si3N4 with better uniformity due to cooperative interactions between the self-limited CH3F chemisorption and the Ar+ ion sputtering. Based on both the chemical bonding changes following the CH3F etchant exposure and reaction product analyses during the Ar+ plasma step, possible etch reaction steps for the ALE Si3N4 process are proposed.
Congestion in heart failure: a circulating biomarker‐based perspective. A review from the Biomarkers Working Group of the Heart Failure Association, European Society of Cardiology (2022)

Congestion is a cardinal sign of heart failure (HF). In the past, it was seen as a homogeneous epiphenomenon that identified patients with advanced HF. However, current evidence shows that congestion in HF varies in quantity and distribution. This updated view advocates for a congestive-driven classification of HF according to onset (acute vs. chronic), regional distribution (systemic vs. pulmonary), compartment of distribution (intravascular vs. extravascular), and clinical vs. subclinical. Thus, this review will focus on the utility of circulating biomarkers for assessing and managing the different fluid overload phenotypes. This discussion focused on the clinical utility of the natriuretic peptides, carbohydrate antigen 125 (also called mucin 16), bio-adrenomedullin and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, ST2 (also known as interleukin-1 receptor-like 1), cluster of differentiation 146, troponin, C-terminal pro-endothelin-1, and parameters of haemoconcentration. The utility of circulation biomarkers on top of clinical evaluation, haemodynamics, and imaging needs to be better determined by dedicated studies. Some multiparametric frameworks in which these tools contribute to management are proposed.
Fuel nozzle assembly for use in turbine engines and methods of assembling same (2023)

A fuel nozzle for use with a turbine engine is described herein. The fuel nozzle includes a housing that is coupled to a combustor liner defining a combustion chamber. The housing includes an endwall that at least partially defines the combustion chamber. A plurality of mixing tubes extends through the housing for channeling fuel to the combustion chamber. Each mixing tube of the plurality of mixing tubes includes an inner surface that extends between an inlet portion and an outlet portion. The outlet portion is oriented adjacent the housing endwall. At least one of the plurality of mixing tubes includes a plurality of projections that extend outwardly from the outlet portion. Adjacent projections are spaced a circumferential distance apart such that a groove is defined between each pair of circumferentially-apart projections to facilitate enhanced mixing of fuel in the combustion chamber.
Modeling of a compact gas vortex lens for high-power lasers (2019)

With 3D steady-state fluid simulations, we show that a negative lens can be created from a rotating gas (vortex) in a compact structure. The gas flow is well described by a compressible Bernoulli principle assuming an adiabatic, ideal gas. The gas lens’ focal length can be varied by adjusting the mass flow rate. The dominant aberration is spherical. Transient simulations show a 60 μs time scale for switching of the focal length. The gas vortex lens allows operation of high-power lasers above the damage thresholds of conventional optics and, additionally, its self-healing design allows operation near gas breakdown thresholds without risk to the optical element.
Genital Infiltrations of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes, IgA+ and IgG+ Plasma Cells and Intra-Mucosal Lymphoid Follicles Associate With Protection Against Genital Chlamydiatrachomatis Infection in Minipigs Intramuscularly Immunized With UV-Inactivated Bacteria Adjuvanted With CAF01 (2019)

The development of a vaccine against genital chlamydia in women is advancing, and the evaluation of <i>in situ</i> immune responses following vaccination and challenge infections is crucial for development of a safe and protective vaccine. This study employs the sexually mature minipig model to characterize the genital <i>in situ</i> immune response to <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> infection in pigs previously immunized intramuscularly with UV-inactivated <i>C. trachomatis</i> serovar D (UV-SvD) adjuvanted/formulated with CAF01 adjuvant compared to a CAF01-alone control group. Pigs immunized with UV-SvD were significantly protected against vaginal challenge with <i>C. trachomatis</i> on day 3 post inoculation and showed significantly higher cervical infiltrations of approximately equal numbers of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells, and IgG<sup>+</sup> and IgA<sup>+</sup> plasma cells compared to adjuvant-alone immunized controls. These immunological signatures correspond to findings in mice and are similar to those described in female chlamydia patients. This proves important potential for the pig model in elucidating immunological <i>in situ</i> signatures in future translational research in chlamydia vaccinology.
Sustainability: Fundamentals-Based Approach to Paying It Forward (2023)

Sustainability has become a critical problem confronting the community. Ecological issues such as climate change and CO2 emissions, economical frictions such as energy supplies, and socio-political issues such as wars threaten growth and equity. How can technology help?
Deciphering the Mechanism of Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization of Ethylene Using Neodymocene Catalysts and Dialkylmagnesium (2015)

Ethylene polymerizations were performed in toluene using the neodymocene complex (C5Me5)2NdCl2Li(OEt2)2 or {(Me2Si(C13H8)2)Nd(μ-BH4)[(μ-BH4)Li(THF)]}2 in combination with n-butyl-n-octylmagnesium used as both alkylating and chain transfer agent. The kinetics were followed for various [Mg]/[Nd] ratios, at different polymerization temperatures, with or without ether as a cosolvent. These systems allowed us to (i) efficiently obtain narrowly distributed and targeted molar masses, (ii) characterize three phases during the course of polymerization, (iii) estimate the propagation activation energy (17 kcal mol–1), (iv) identify the parameters that control chain transfer, and (v) demonstrate enhanced polymerization rates and molar mass distribution control in the presence of ether as cosolvent. This experimental set of data is supported by a computational investigation at the DFT level that rationalizes the chain transfer mechanism and the specific microsolvation effects in the presence of cosolvents at the molecular scale. This joint experimental/computational investigation offers the basis for further catalyst developments in the field of coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP).
Explicit residual DPCM for screen contents coding (2014)

In this paper, we propose an explicit signaling of RDPCM scheme for a lossy intra-coded block, and achieve a significant coding gain over the HEVC Range Extension reference software in the screen contents coding. We define three RDPCM modes, and transmit the side information so that the best RDPCM mode can be applied to residual signals after all available angular directional predictions. Contexts for a CABAC coding is also designed for coding the overheads.
The number of falls recalled in the past year and balance confidence predict the frequency of injurious falls by unilateral lower limb prosthesis users (2022)

The results suggest that the number of falls recalled in the past year and balance confidence scores predict the number of injurious falls an LLP user will experience in the next 6 months.
Post-psychotic depression in schizophrenia. (2001)

Although a depressive state is known to occur following the resolution of an acute psychotic episode, little research has investigated its etiology, course, prognosis and treatment. Very often the depression is mistaken for an extrapyramidal-like syndrome--the secondary effect of antipsychotic medication--as a sense of inevitability assails both the patient and therapist. Post-psychotic depression, far from being an obscure and undefined clinical picture, has the characteristics of a clear-cut syndrome. Nevertheless, it was only recently referred to as a distinct entity in psychiatric classification systems. As a result, different researchers used varying criteria for the definition of the phenomenon, and the data collected in the different studies are therefore difficult to compare. We present a critical review of the data published to date, with emphasis on the importance of early recognition and treatment of post-psychotic depression.
La peste porcine africaine : un risque sanitaire majeur (2007)

Dans l'Union Européenne, la peste porcine africaine (PPA.) est absente à l'exception de la Sardaigne. Toutefois, l'introduction en 2007 de la P.P.A. en Géorgie, puis en Arménie, place ce risque sanitaire majeur aux portes de l'Union.
Longitudinal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms Compared to a Reference Cohort: Results of a Prospective Trial of the East German Study Group for Hematology and Oncology (OSHO) (2022)

Purpose: To assess humoral responses longitudinally and cellular immunogenicity following SARS-CoV-2-vaccination in patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies receiving checkpoint-inhibitors. Methods: This prospective multicenter trial of the East-German-Study-Group-for-Hematology-and-Oncology, enrolled 398 adults in a two (patients; n = 262) to one (controls; n = 136) ratio. Pre-vaccination, day 35 (d35), and day 120 (d120) blood samples were analyzed for anti-spike antibodies and d120 IL-2+IFNγ+TNFα+-CD4+- and CD8+-cells. Laboratories were blinded for patients and controls. Results: Patients belonged to the myeloid (n = 131), lymphoid (n = 104), and checkpoint-inhibitor (n = 17) cohorts. While d35 seroconversion was higher in controls (98%) compared to patients (68%) (p < 0.001), d120 seroconversion improved across all patient cohorts [checkpoint-inhibitors (81% to 100%), myeloid (82% to 97%), lymphoid (48% to 66%)]. CD4+- and CovCD8+-cells in the lymphoid (71%/31%) and control (74%/42%) cohorts were comparable but fewer in the myeloid cohort (53%, p = 0.003 /24%, p = 0.03). In patients with hematologic malignancies, no correlation between d120 humoral and cellular responses was found. A sizeable fraction of lymphoid patients demonstrated T-cell responses without detectable spike-specific-IgGs. Conclusions: Evidence of vaccine-elicited humoral and/or cellular immunogenicity in most patients is provided. Both humoral and cellular responses are crucial to determine which patients will generate/maintain immunity. The findings have implications on public health policy regarding recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 booster doses.
Association Free Energy of DNA Oligonucleotides from Expanded Ensembles (2010)

Expanded ensembles were used to obtain the association free energy, in which the number of ideal basepair contacts formed served as the order parameter, for DNA oligonucleotides of varying composition, chain length, and ionic strength. Although free energy profiles are unique to each sequence, all exhibit a pronounced response for low contact numbers dominated largely by an increase in system entropy. Short oligonucleotides with sequence periodicity exhibit a rather smooth free energy profile that increases in complexity as chain length increases. The complexity in non‐periodic sequences arises even in short oligonucleotides. Taking intact dsDNA with an extent of reaction ξ = 1.0, the maximum of the free energy profile appears at ξ≈0.1, representing two to four basepair contacts. In terms of chain length, the free energy barrier of longer oligonucleotides is higher and slightly narrower, due to the ensuant sharpness of the single‐to‐double stranded transition. Low ionic strength conditions induce an instability along the sugar‐phosphate backbone of DNA, resulting in a decrease of the free energy barrier toward molecular dissociation.
First-order goniospectrophotometric spectral modeling of isotropic and anisotropic colorant mixtures (2013)

Color modeling of translucent and opaque media commonly uses two-constant Kubelka-Munk (KM) turbid media theory. KM theory is designed for isotropic color systems that rely on absorption and scatter to produce an overall reflected color. KM theory has previously been considered inadequate to use with interference pigments (IPs) due to their specular reflected, angle-dependent color and anisotropic behavior. If, however, an IP's reflected color is considered to contribute to the background reflectance and not as a colorant in a mixture with a conventional colorant, KM theory can be used. KM theory was successfully implemented to predict the goniospectrophotometric, normalized spectral reflectance of conventional colorants and IP mixtures.
A Facile and Scaleable Synthesis of ABT-239, A Benzofuranoid H3 Antagonist (2004)

A facile and scaleable synthesis of a potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, ABT-239 (1), was developed starting from commercially available 4‘-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-carbonitrile (2). The synthesis comprised four chemical steps and a salt formation step with an overall yield of 40%. A highly selective monoiodination of a phenol was developed and used to prepare iodophenol (3b) in near quantitative yield using NIS in AcOH in the presence of a small amount of H2SO4. A Pd-catalyzed cross coupling reaction of the iodophenols (3b) with butyn-3-ol (4a) provided benzofuran (5) in one step in >80% yield, en route to 1. The new process required no chromatographic purification throughout the synthesis and was successfully demonstrated on scale-up to prepare 1.7 kg of the target ABT-239 (1).
Effects of heterocyclic-based head group modifications on the structure–activity relationship of tocopherol-based lipids for non-viral gene delivery (2016)

Gene therapy, a promising strategy for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, is greatly dependent on the development of efficient vectors. In this study, we designed and synthesized several tocopherol-based lipids varying in the head group region. Here, we present the structure-activity relationship of stable aqueous suspensions of lipids that were synthetically prepared and formulated with 1,2-dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) as the co-lipid. The physicochemical properties such as the hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, stability and morphology of these formulations were investigated. Interaction with plasmid DNA was clearly demonstrated through gel binding and EtBr displacement assays. Further, the transfection potential was examined in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a, hepatocarcinoma HepG2, human embryonic kidney and Chinese hamster ovarian cell lines, all of different origins. Cell-uptake assays with N-methylpiperidinium, N-methylmorpholinium, N-methylimidazolium and N,N-dimethylaminopyridinium head group containing formulations evidently depicted efficient cell uptake as observed by particulate cytoplasmic fluorescence. Trafficking of lipoplexes using an endocytic marker and rhodamine-labeled phospholipid DHPE indicated that the lipoplexes were not sequestered in the lysosomes. Importantly, lipoplexes were non-toxic and mediated good transfection efficiency as analyzed by β-Gal and GFP reporter gene expression assays which established the superior activity of lipids whose structures correlate strongly with the transfection efficiency.
A PDA-based Research Platform for Cochlear Implants (2007)

Currently researchers interested in developing new signal processing algorithms for commercially available cochlear implants must rely on coding these algorithms in low-level assembly language. We propose a personal digital assistant (PDA) based research platform for developing and testing in real-time new signal processing strategies for cochlear implants. Software development can be done either in C or in LabVIEW. The C implementation can be further optimized using Intel's primitive routines. In this paper, we report on the real-time implementation of a 16-channel noise-band vocoder algorithm, which is a similar algorithm used in commercially available implant processors. We further report on EEG recordings on the PDA acquired through a compact-flash data acquisition card.
Glass Dielectrics in Extreme High‐Temperature Environment (2016)

Thin and flexible glass ribbons can be rolled into a film capacitor structures for power electronic circuits. Glass has excellent electrical properties and is a leading candidate to replace polymer films for high‐temperature applications. The dielectric properties of a low‐alkali aluminoborosilicate glass were characterized up to temperatures of 400°C. Low‐field permittivity values of 6 with dielectric loss below 0.01 were found for temperatures below 300°C. The dielectric breakdown strength exceeded 5 MV/cm for temperature of 400°C and high‐field polarization measurements showed that glass has over 95% energy efficiency at temperatures of 200°C, which is a target temperature for high‐temperature power electronic circuits driven by wide bandgap semiconductor devices.
Charge Transport and Scaling in Molecular Wires (2004)

The scaling of conductance across metal−molecule−metal junctions consisting of self-assembled monolayers of dithiol molecular wire candidates is demonstrated through current−voltage measurements carried out by two experimental techniques. We show that scanning tunneling microscopy measurements on single molecules are correlated with crossed-wire measurements of ∼103 molecules. This implies that the conductance through a group of parallel molecules is a linear superposition of the individual molecular conductance. Our results also indicate that intermolecular charge hopping does not strongly contribute to charge transport in a self-assembled monolayer, an important factor for the design of future molecular-based devices.