gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) (2014)

To identify characters in an image, the LabVIEW software needs to be trained to identify each character. The optical character recognition (OCR) function using Vision Assistant offers an excellent procedure to train the software to recognize the imaged characters. This chapter talks about an OCR VI, which performs real-time character identification. It demonstrates the use of OCR function to identify characters from an imaged printed paper. To use the OCR function, a character set file having trained character information is required. The chapter shows the character identification results when the main VI is executed. To identify characters in the image display, a ROI is placed around the character set to be identified.
Size tunable visible and near-infrared photoluminescence from vertically etched silicon quantum dots (2011)

Corrugated etching techniques were used to fabricate size-tunable silicon quantum dots that luminesce under photoexcitation, tunable over the visible and near infrared. By using the fidelity of lithographic patterning and strain limited, self-terminating oxidation, uniform arrays of pillar containing stacked quantum dots as small as 2 nm were patterned. Furthermore, an array of pillars, with multiple similar sized quantum dots on each pillar, was fabricated and tested. The photoluminescence displayed a multiple, closely peaked emission spectra corresponding to quantum dots with a narrow size distribution. Similar structures can provide quantum confinement effects for future nanophotonic and nanoelectronic devices.
Menstrual Cycle Effects on the Neurohumoral and Autonomic Nervous Systems Regulating the Cardiovascular System (2002)

Gonadal hormones may affect homeostatic mechanisms regulating the cardiovascular system. We investigated this relationship at five different crucial hormonal time points along the menstrual cycle. Eight eumenorrheic healthy subjects underwent a battery of autonomic tests, hemodynamics, and volume-regulatory hormone measurements. Fluid-regulatory hormones, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone increased along the luteal phase (P = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively), whereas rest supine-corrected hematocrit declined in the course of the menstrual cycle (P = 0.001). Plasma norepinephrine decreased from 1.4 +/- 0.2 to 0.95 +/- 0.1 nmol/liter (P < 0.02) [early follicular (EF) to late follicular]. Thereafter, concentrations gradually returned to EF levels. Lf to Hf domain ratio (spectral analysis of electrocardiogram) showed a difference from that of norepinephrine. The cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity increased significantly along the luteal phase (P = 0.04). The dose of isoproterenol required to increase heart rate (HR) 15 beats per minute was 0.19 +/- 0.04 microg during the EF time point, and it increased to 0.39 +/- 0.06 microg during the late luteal time point (P = 0.05). However, blood pressure, HR, and their responses to orthostatic stress remained unchanged. Fluctuations in the ovarian hormones along the menstrual cycle are associated with unchanged blood pressure and HR, despite the significant variations in the different homeostatic mechanisms regulating the cardiovascular system.
Phenotypic screening with deep learning identifies HDAC6 inhibitors as cardioprotective in a BAG3 mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (2022)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by reduced cardiac output, as well as thinning and enlargement of left ventricular chambers. These characteristics eventually lead to heart failure. Current standards of care do not target the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with genetic forms of heart failure, driving a need to develop novel therapeutics for DCM. To identify candidate therapeutics, we developed an in vitro DCM model using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) deficient in B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3). With these BAG3-deficient iPSC-CMs, we identified cardioprotective drugs using a phenotypic screen and deep learning. From a library of 5500 bioactive compounds and siRNA validation, we found that inhibiting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) was cardioprotective at the sarcomere level. We translated this finding to a BAG3 cardiomyocyte-knockout (BAG3<sup>cKO</sup>) mouse model of DCM, showing that inhibiting HDAC6 with two isoform-selective inhibitors (tubastatin A and a novel inhibitor TYA-018) protected heart function. In BAG3<sup>cKO</sup> and BAG3<sup>E455K</sup> mice, HDAC6 inhibitors improved left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced left ventricular diameter at diastole and systole. In BAG3<sup>cKO</sup> mice, TYA-018 protected against sarcomere damage and reduced <i>Nppb</i> expression. Based on integrated transcriptomics and proteomics and mitochondrial function analysis, TYA-018 also enhanced energetics in these mice by increasing expression of targets associated with fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate the power of combining iPSC-CMs with phenotypic screening and deep learning to accelerate drug discovery, and they support developing novel therapies that address underlying mechanisms associated with heart disease.
Eddy Current Measurement of Case Hardened Depth of Steel Components (2008)

Steel components are often subjected to a hardening process in which the surface gets hardened in order to improve resistance to wear. This introduces a casehardened layer. Various steel components have different requirements for the case depth. It is necessary to develop a nondestructive tool to monitor case depth for quality control. The case hardening process produces changes in the microstructure. As a result, the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability in the casehardened region are different from those in the substrate. This makes it possible to determine case depth using eddy current method. In this paper, multi-frequency eddy current and pulsed eddy current methods will be investigated to measure case hardened steel components. Results and recommendations will be provided showing comparison between measured and actual case depths.
Slip at polymer–polymer interfaces: Rheological measurements on coextruded multilayers (2002)

Polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), with closely matched viscosity, were coextruded into 8, 32, and 64 alternating layers. The apparent steady shear viscosity of these multilayer samples was measured with an in-line slit rheometer and with a parallel-plate rheometer. In both cases the apparent viscosity decreased with the number of layers providing strong evidence for interfacial slip. The velocity difference across the interface (interfacial slip velocity) versus shear stress, ΔVI(τ) was calculated from the apparent viscosity measurements. ΔVI(τ) showed sigmoidal behavior: a region of very low slip (&amp;lt; 10−3 μm) at low shear stress, a strongly increasing region at τ &amp;gt; 103 Pa followed by a linear region ΔVI=τ/β∞. These data could be fit with a modified Ellis model. The same function fit the different number of layers and both slit and parallel-plate data indicating ΔVI(τ) is a material property of the PP/PS pair. Slip was also observed in PS/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and PP/aPA (amorphous nylon) pairs. Addition of a premade P(S-b-EE) diblock copolymer to the PP/PS pair was able to suppress the interfacial slip but only after enough time for sufficient block copolymers to diffuse to the interfaces. The in situ formed graft copolymer of maleated PP with aPA at the interface of the PP/aPA pair directly suppressed the slip. Our results are in qualitative agreement with the theory of Furukawa (1989) and de Gennes (1992), which predicts fewer chain entanglements near the interface between two immiscible polymers, and thus a narrow region (∼ interfacial width) with lower viscosity. This lower viscosity is the cause of apparent interfacial slip. Goveas and Fredrickson (1998) extended these ideas to calculate the slip in a symmetric bilayer where both bulk and interface are Newtonian. Their results are in qualitative agreement with our observation but predict a stronger slip. Our results also indicate that the anomalously low viscosity reported by a number of researchers for immiscible polymer blends is due to interfacial slip. Blends of PP and PS show similar negative viscosity deviations to those reported but only at τ &amp;gt; 2000 Pa. No negative deviations were found for linear viscoelastic (low-stress) measurements.
Clinical outcomes and markers of treatment response in a randomized phase II study of androgen deprivation therapy with or without palbociclib in RB-intact metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). (2020)

5573 Background: Targeted therapies based on tumor molecular markers are not currently used in mHSPC. Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, blocked proliferation and promoted G1 arrest in a Rb-and Cyclin D-dependent manner in preclinical models of HSPC. We hypothesized that co-targeting AR (ADT) and cell cycle (palbociclib) would improve outcomes in mHSPC pts. Methods: mHSPC pts with Rb intact tumors based on IHC of metastatic tumor biopsy were stratified and randomized (1:2) to Arm A: ADT or Arm B: ADT+ palbociclib (125mg 3 weeks on, 1 week off). Primary endpoint was confirmed PSA RR (≤ 4 ng/mL) after 28 weeks of therapy. Secondary endpoints included safety/tolerability, PFS, PSA and radiographic RR. Metastatic biopsy and primary tumors were subjected to whole exome and transcriptomic sequencing where available. CTC’s were enumerated at various time points. Results: 72 eligible pts (median age 67 years, PSA 73ng/mL) with newly diagnosed mHSPC were registered and underwent biopsy. 97% retained RB expression (IHC). 62 pts were stratified by disease extent and early initiation of ADT, and randomized. 60 pts initiated therapy (Arm A: 20; Arm B: 40). Adverse events were reported previously. 80% of pts (Arm A: 16/20, Arm B: 32/40; p = 0.87) on both arms met primary PSA endpoint (≤4ng/mL at 28 weeks). PSA undetectable rate at 28 weeks was Arm A: 50% (10/20) and Arm B: 43% (17/40; p = 0.5). Measurable disease RR: Arm A: 89% and Arm B: 89%. 12-month biochemical PFS was Arm A 69% (95%CI: 44-85%), Arm B 74% (95%CI: 57-85%). 41 patients on trial underwent sequencing of metastatic biopsy and 10 patients had matched primary prostate tumor sequencing results. CCND1 amp, 8q gain, PTEN and KMT2C mutations were each observed in metastatic, but not paired prostate primary tumors. TP53, PIK3 pathway (PIK3CA, AKT1, PTEN) mutations and 8q gains were associated with reduced PSA PFS [HR (95%CI): 3.0 (1.2-7.2), p = 0.018; 3.2(1.03-10),p = 0.044; 4.96 (1.8-12), p = 0.001, respectively]. Pretreatment CTCs were associated with lower PSA CR (p = 0.04) and shorter PFS (12-month PFS: 58% vs. 86%, p = 0.031). Conclusions: A tissue based biomarker preselected trial is feasible in mHSPC. ADT + palbociclib did not impact outcomes. Pretreatment CTC counts, TP53 and PIK3 pathway mutations, and 8q gain may offer prognostic value in mHSPC. Support: Movember-PCF Challenge Award, Pfizer. Clinical trial information: NCT02059213 .
Synthesis and Application of Water‐Soluble NHC Transition‐Metal Complexes (2012)

We provide an overview on the state-of-the-art in transition-metal complexes formed with water-soluble NHC ligands. Paths to introducing water solubility by ligand design are elucidated and some general properties of water-soluble NHC complexes are highlighted. The enhanced hydrophilicity of water-soluble catalysts offers advantages in applications. While studies based on C-C coupling reactions still dominate the field, recent reports show water-soluble NHC complexes can be applied in metathesis and hydrogenation reactions and turn out to be among the best performing catalysts known. Nevertheless, wide areas of this young field remain to be investigated, offering great potential for future research.
On-chip monopole antennas using pre-deformed cantilevers (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel monopole antenna made of an out-of-plane pre-deformed cantilever beam caused by high residual stress. The proposed antenna has the following advantages: 1) radiating element is perpendicular to the plane of the wafer and is isolated from the lossy substrate by a ground plane. Thus, it can achieve high efficiency even with low-resistivity silicon substrates; 2) the fabrication process is fully compatible with conventional integrated circuit (IC) process which ensures low fabrication cost; 3) relatively wide bandwidth can be obtained from a monopole structure (more than 16%); 4) it can be fabricated on flexible substrates due to the very small anchor of the cantilever beam. Experimental results of the proposed antenna geometry and its full-wave numerically calculated radiation characteristics are presented in this paper.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Acute Heart Failure with a Supranormal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (2022)

In this study, only 2.5% of patients were classified as HFsnEF. HFsnEF was primarily characterized by female sex, lower natriuretic peptides and a higher risk of non-CV death.
Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control of IPMSM drives using a minimum time ramp trajectory method at voltage and current limits (2013)

This paper presents the voltage and current limited operation of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) using deadbeat, direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC). A commanded air-gap torque and stator flux can be achieved by the end of each PWM period using DB-DTFC. However, it may take several PWM periods to achieve a desired air-gap torque that is physically infeasible in one step due to voltage limits. In that case, the torque and flux command trajectories operating over multiple periods can be developed to achieve deadbeat torque and flux response for every PWM period. The torque and flux command trajectories can be developed in different shapes depending on desired objectives. In this paper, a minimum time ramp trajectory method is proposed to achieve both simple real time implementation and fast and stable transient dynamics of IPMSM drives. Simulation and experimental results for the minimum time ramp trajectory method for an IPMSM drive are presented.
Dry and Direct Deposition of Aerosol-Synthesized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Thermophoresis (2017)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show great potential as an active material in electronic and photonic devices, but their applicability is currently limited by shortcomings in existing deposition methods. SWCNTs can be dispersed from liquid solutions; however, their poor solubility requires the use of surfactants and ultrasonication, causing defects and degradation in device performance. Likewise, the high temperatures required by their chemical vapor deposition growth limit substrates on which SWCNTs can be directly grown. Here, we present a systematic study of the direct deposition of pristine, aerosol-synthesized SWCNTs by thermophoresis. The density of the deposited nanotube film can be continuously adjusted from individual, separated nanotubes to multilayer thin films by changing the deposition time. Depending on the lateral flow inside the thermophoretic precipitator, the angular distribution of the deposited SWCNT film can be changed from uniform to nonuniform. Because the substrate is kept at nearly ambient temperature, deposition can be thus carried out on practically any flat substrate with high efficiencies close to unity. The thermophoretic terminal velocity of SWCNTs, determined by aerosol loss measurements, is found to be approximately one-third of the usual prediction in the free molecular regime and shows a weak dependence on the nanotube diameter. As a demonstration of the applicability of our technique, we have used thermophoretic deposition in the fabrication of carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with uniform electrical properties and a high, over 99.5%, yield.
Experimental DNA-Binding and Computer Modelling Studies on an Analogue of the Anti-Tumour Drug Amsacrine (1988)

The DNA-binding properties of the anti-cancer drug amsacrine and a 9-aminoacridine analogue substituted at the 4 position with a 4-methanesulphonanilido-group, have been examined by means of unwinding, melting and equilibrium binding experiments. These find that the latter compound is at least as effective as a DNA-binder and intercalator as amsacrine itself. Molecular modelling and energetic calculations have confirmed this, and have produced plausible intercalation geometries. These show that there are subtle differences in the low-energy minor groove arrangements adopted by the substituents of the two drugs. Speculation is advanced that these differences may be relevant to the marked differences in cytotoxicity shown by the two compounds.
Synthesis of 2-Cyanamino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile (1993)

w -The nucleophilic displacement of bmmo, alkylthio and alkylsul-phony1 groups from pyridine systems by cyanamide is studied in order to obtain a previously unreported 2-cyanaminopyridine-3-carbonimle.A one-step synthesis of the same compound by cyclization in basic medium of the non-isolated Michael adduct of (a-1.3-diphenylpropenone and pmpanedinihile is also described.Following the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-apyrimidin-7(8H)-ones from a,P-unsaturated esters previously reported,' our group has been engaged in the synthesis of pyridoI2.3-dlpyrimidines(4) from a$-unsaturated ketones.Our strategy requires the synthesis of 2-cyanaminopyridine-3-carbonimle (3) which, to the best of our knowledge, is not described in the literature. 3Scheme 1In the first place, its synthesis can be pursued by nucleophilic displacement in a suitable pyridine substrate (2) (X must be an appropriate leaving group for SNAr reactions).reproducible.These two reagents were suggested by Prof.
DigiLens holographic photopolymers for wide angle AR waveguides (2020)

Augmented reality is still in its infancy and is projected to grow substantially over the next few years. Grating-based waveguides are now established as the key enabling display technology for merging the physical and digital worlds in implementations as diverse as near eye displays, auto HUDs and large-scale retail displays. Despite significant design effort, delivering wide field-of-view (FoV) color, daylight-compatible brightness and ultra-compact glasses-like form factors at an acceptable price remain major development hurdles for consumer AR displays. The form factor challenge is only partially met using thin waveguides; current picture generation units, comprising the microdisplay beam splitter and projection optics, are increasingly seen as too bulky to satisfy the aesthetic requirements of consumer eyewear, while traditional input, fold and output grating architectures occupy too much waveguide real estate. Brightness and power consumption are compromised by losses of typically 95% incurred in coupling light from a picoprojector into a waveguide. DigiLens is prototyping a compact wide angle, full-color laser-illuminated consumer AR waveguide based on its Integrated Dual Axis (IDA) waveguide architecture which uses Digilens’s proprietary Switchable Bragg Grating (SBG) technology. An IDA waveguide multiplexes beam expansion and extraction gratings using a high index modulation holographic LC-photopolymer material system optimized for wide angle multiplex grating applications. A 50-degree diagonal FoV, full-color, low-cost IDA waveguide lens was demonstrated at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas (January 2020). As shown in Figure 1, DigiLens’s current waveguide display range includes helmet (25&deg; diagonal), smart glass (30&deg; diagonal) and head-worn (50&deg; diagonal) color waveguide displays.
Successive Decode-and-Forward Relaying with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2022)

The key advantage of successive relaying (SR) networks is their ability to mimic the full-duplex (FD) operation with half-duplex (HD) relays. However, the main challenge that comes with such schemes is the associated inter-relay interference (IRI). In this work, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-enhanced SR network, where one RIS is deployed near each of the two relay nodes to provide spatial suppression of IRI, and to maximize the gain of desired signals. The resultant max-min optimization problem with joint phase-shift design for both RISs is first tackled via the semidefinite programming (SDP) approach. Then, a lower-complexity solution suitable for real-time implementation is proposed based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). Numerical results demonstrate that even relatively small RISs can provide significant gains in achievable rates of SR networks, and the proposed PSO scheme can achieve a near optimal performance.
Optimum Windows for Image Registration (1981)

Two-dimensional cross-correlation techniques are applied to the problem of image registration under the assumption of small geometric distortion. Optimum window functions are derived for two performance measures of interest: peak-to-sidelobe ratio and mean-square registration error. The latter is examined in terms of the contribution caused by noise and the contribution caused by geometric distortion. A generalized Lagrange multiplier approach is used to derive approximate solutions assuming random images. The case of Gaussian autocorrelation functions is examined in detail. Results of applying the theoretically derived window functions to real data are presented, showing significant improvement in correlator performance.
Synthesis of spherical core‐shell poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) particles for use in vascular embolization: Study of morphological and molecular modifications during shell formation (2015)

Transarterial vascular embolization and chemoembolization has become common medical procedures, where partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) beads remains as one of the most used embolic agent materials. Although synthetic, PVA cannot be synthesized by direct polymerization and must be obtained by chemical modification of another polymer, usually poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc). The aim of the present work is to synthesize spherical core‐shell PVAc/PVA particles and study the morphological and molecular modifications during shell formation. The polymer particles where produced in two stages, where first the PVAc core was obtained by suspension polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and then the PVA shell synthesized through hydrolysis. Spherical PVAc particles were successfully produced and isolated using an optimized suspension polymerization process. During the shell formation, it was shown that none of the conditions used affected the overall morphology of the particles although changes in the final size distribution could be observed. However, it was possible to identify the process variables and reaction condition that affect the molecular weight averages and polydispersities of the final copolymer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2237–2244, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Stereochemical Control of Splice Modulation in FD-895 Analogues (2023)

Highly functionalized skeletons of macrolide natural products gain access to rare spatial arrangements of atoms, where changes in stereochemistry can have a profound impact on the structure and function. Spliceosome modulators present a unique consensus motif, with the majority targeting a key interface within the SF3B spliceosome complex. Our recent preparative-scale synthetic campaign of 17<i>S</i>-FD-895 provided unique access to stereochemical analogues of this complex macrolide. Here, we report on the preparation and systematic activity evaluation of multiple FD-895 analogues. These studies examine the effects of modifications at specific stereocenters within the molecule and highlight future directions for medicinal chemical optimization of spliceosome modulators.
Robot-assisted screw fixation in a cadaver utilizing magnetic resonance imaging–based synthetic computed tomography: toward radiation-free spine surgery. Illustrative case (2023)

MRI-based sCT yielded results comparable to those of rCT in both morphometric analysis and robot-assisted lumbosacral screw placement in a cadaver study.