gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-external-cavity Semiconductor Laser on a Silicon Chip - a Miniaturized, Continuously Tunable, Narrow-linewidth Laser for Coherent Lidar (1995)

Successful large-scale introduction of coherent-lidar/remote-sensing techniques in environmental monitoring is hindered currently by the relatively high cost of continuously tunable, narrow-linewidth laser sources, as well as their relative bulkiness that preclude their installations in confined spaces. While semiconductor lasers are currently massed-produced at low cost, the requirements of narrow-linewidth and continuously tunable necessitates coupling the laser diode to an external cavity grating which makes its cost very high. In this paper, we describe a new technology that has evolved in the past year, that uses silicon micromachining technology to implement a miniaturized, lost cost, continuously tunble, highly coherent, micro External- Cavity semiconductor Laser (micro-ECL). The entire optical system is built on a silicon chip measuring less than 0.3cm square, and on-chip micromotors are used to drive the grating reflector for continuous wavelength tuning. The semiconductor laser can also be made to emit very short, wavelength tunable pulses by simply electrically driving the laser diode. A schematic of the micro-ECL is shown in Fig. 1.
Latex : A Document Preparation System (1985)

This user's guide and reference for the LaTeX computer typesetting system has been revised to document features available in release LaTeX2e.
ChemInform Abstract: Interactions of Laulimalide, Peloruside, and Their Derivatives with the Isoforms of β‐Tubulin (2013)

Abstract Review: 43 refs.
A Solid 500 Sun Compound Concentrator PV Design (2006)

SolFocustrade is developing two generations of photovoltaic concentrator systems, both based on reflective Cassegrain-like architectures. Generation 1 is being readied for manufacturing, and is poised for roll out to test fields this year. Generation 2, a solid dielectric system, is under joint development by SolFocus and PARC, with prototype components under evaluation. The status of generation 1 is presented for background, and we discuss technical aspects of generation 2
Controlling Complex Coacervation via Random Polyelectrolyte Sequences (2019)

The utilization of chemical sequence control in polymeric materials is key to enabling material design on par with biomacromolecular systems. One important avenue for scalable sequence-controlled polymers leverages the random copolymerization of distinct monomers, with the statistical distribution of the monomeric sequence arising from reaction kinetics following a first-order Markov process. Here we utilize the framework of the random phase approximation (RPA) to develop a theory for the phase behavior of symmetric polyelectrolyte coacervates whose chemical sequences are dictated by simple statistical distributions. We find that a high charge "blockiness" within the random sequences favors the formation of denser and more salt-resistant coacervates while simultaneously increasing the width of the two-phase region. We trace these physical effects to the increased cooperativity of Coulomb interactions that results from increased charge blockiness in oppositely charged polyelectrolytes.
Dose reduction in small animal imaging using a modified phosphor screen (2012)

494 Objectives Dose reduction is a key area of interest for preclinical longitudinal studies. Through hardware adaptation, it is possible to achieve significant dose savings with minimal compromises in resolution. This work seeks to characterize the dose savings that result by reassessing the phosphor screen used in microCT. Methods The phosphor screens provided on many small animal imaging systems are designed to acquire data at high resolution at the cost of higher dose. A thicker phosphor screen was developed to fit into an existing commercial imaging system. This adaptation provides improved sensitivity with slight degradations in resolution (~2x). Dose reduction was assessed using 30 wild type mice (15 standard, 15 low dose) imaged with 2 dosimeters surgically implanted with 1 located at the base of the neck and the other in the abdomen. CT protocols were created using a 360 degree acquisition with 1 projection per degree of rotation for standard and low dose scans. The standard protocol used X-ray tube settings of 80 kVp @ 0.5 mA with a 225 ms exposure time while the low dose protocol used settings of 80 kVp @ 0.2 mA with a 50 ms exposure time with noise characteristics matched between protocols. Results Significant dose savings are seen with the adapted detector. Dose reduction averaged >14x for the abdomen and >13.5x for skin. The average dose in the abdomen was reduced from 13.8 cGy to 0.97 cGy and from 15.9 cGy to 1.2 cGy for skin. Conclusions Significant dose savings can be realized with minor modification to the microCT detector. Previous studies (Osborne, et. al.) have shown that protocol optimization can reduce dose by > 2x. Additional modifications to CT hardware can yield an additional 12x-14x reduction in dose. Combining both optimizations can lead to dose savings of > 20x from typical scan protocols. Research Support Dosimeters for the study provided by Siemens Medical Solutions, USA
FPGA-based Monte Carlo Computation of Light Absorption for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy (2009)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of treating cancer that combines light and light-sensitive drugs to selectively destroy cancerous tumours without harming the healthy tissue. The success of PDT depends on the accurate computation of light dose distribution. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations can provide an accurate solution for light dose distribution, but have high computation time that prevents them from being used in treatment planning. To alleviate this problem, a hardware design of an MC simulation based on the gold standard software in biophotonics was implemented on a large modern FPGA. This implementation achieved a 28-fold speedup and 716-fold lower power-delay product compared to the gold standard software executed on a 3 GHz Intel Xeon 5160 processor. The accuracy of the hardware was compared to the gold standard using a realistic skin model. An experiment using 100 million photon packets yielded a light dose distribution that diverged by less than 0.1 mm. We also describe our development methodology, which employs an intermediate hardware description in SystemC prior to Verilog coding that led to significant design effort efficiency.
<title>Hybrid local Born/Rytov Fourier migration method</title> (1998)

Two efficient Fourier migration methods termed the extended local Born Fourier (ELBF) method and the extended Rytov Fourier (ELRF) method have been developed recently for imaging complex 3D structures. They are recursive methods based on local applications of Born and Rytov approximations within each extrapolation interval. The ELBF method becomes unreliable when the lateral slowness variations are large and/or the frequency is high, while the ELRF method is reliable for such cases. However, the ELRF method is approximately 30-40% slower than the ELBF method because the ELRF method requires one more computational step where exponentials of complex numbers are calculated than the ELBF method and propose an implementation scheme using variable extrapolation intervals to make the ELBF method reliable for all lateral slowness variations and frequencies. The size of the extrapolation interval depends on the lateral slowness variations within a given extrapolation region and the frequency, and consequently, the computational time of the ELBF method with variable extrapolation intervals increases with the lateral slowness variation and frequency. To take advantage of the faster computational speed of the ELBF method compared to the ELRF method and the better stability of the ELRF method compared to the ELBF method, we propose a hybrid local Born/Rytov Fourier migration method. In the hybrid method, the ELBF method is used for regions with small lateral slowness variations and/or low frequencies, otherwise, the ELRF method is used. Migrations of two synthetic datasets for complex structures using the ELBF method with variable extrapolation intervals and the hybrid method demonstrate that the quality of images obtained using these two methods is comparable to that of images obtained using the ELRF method. Comparison of computational times for migrations using different methods shows that the ELBF method with variable extrapolation intervals takes much more computational time than the ELRF method but the hybrid method saves more than 10% of the computational time required by the ELRF method.
A DAF‐16/FoxO3a‐dependent longevity signal is initiated by antioxidants (2013)

The precise mechanisms of antioxidant-mediated longevity are poorly understood. We show that an antioxidant treatment can extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) through the nuclear translocation of the forkhead box O transcription factor (FoxO) homolog DAF-16. This pathway was found to involve 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) and serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1), distinct from the known oxidative stress-mediated mechanism in which FoxO3a translocation is regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and mammalian sterile 20-like kinase-1 (MST-1). The differences in the mechanisms of FoxO activation by antioxidants and oxidants result in differences in FoxO phosphorylation and target gene expression. Based on these results, we found that a combination of early antioxidant treatment and late oxidant treatment is most effective for lifespan extension in C. elegans.
Higher affinity antibodies elicit more potent ADCC (2006)

1172 Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is believed to be a major anti-tumor mechanism of some anti-cancer antibodies. However, the factors that regulate the magnitude of ADCC are incompletely understood. Herein, we describe the relationship between antibody affinity and ADCC. A series of human IgG1 antibodies was created from the anti-HER2/neu C6.5 scFv and its affinity mutants. The scFv affinities range from 10-7 to 10-11 M, and the IgG1 antibodies retain the affinities of the scFv from which they were derived. The apparent affinity (e.g., avidity) of the antibodies ranged from nearly 10-10 M (the lowest affinity variant) to almost 10-11 M (the other variants). The IgG molecules were tested for their ability to elicit ADCC in vitro against three tumor cell lines with differing levels of HER2/neu expression using unactivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors as the effector cells. There is a clear influence of affinity on ADCC, with higher levels of peak cytotoxicity as apparent affinity approaches 10-11 M, and an affinity-dependent increase in cytotoxicity at lower antibody concentrations and lower effector: target ratios. These antibodies elicit more cytotoxicity against tumor cells expressing high levels of HER2/neu than against cells expressing lower amounts of HER2/neu. These findings justify the examination of high affinity antibodies for ADCC promotion, although the impaired tumor targeting associated with high affinity may be an important confounding factor in the design of unconjugated anti-tumor antibodies.
Pf4 phage induce cell wall stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2019)

International audience
Reversible Photoredox Switching of Porphyrin-Bridged Bis-2,6-di-tert-butylphenols (2011)

Porphyrin derivatives bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol substituents at their 5,15-positions undergo reversible photoredox switching between porphyrin and porphodimethene states as revealed by UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal analyses. Photoredox interconversion is accompanied by substantial variations in electronic absorption and fluorescence emission spectra and a change of conformation of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle from planar to roof-shaped. Oxidation proceeds only under photoillumination of a dianionic state prepared through deprotonation using fluoride anions. Conversely, photoreduction occurs in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Transient absorption spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy were applied to investigate the processes in photochemical reaction, and radical intermediates were characterized. That is, photooxidation initially results in a phenol-substituent-centered radical, while the reduction process occurs via a delocalized radical state involving both the macrocycle and 5,15-substituents. Forward and reverse photochemical processes are governed by different chemical mechanisms, giving the important benefit that conversion reactions are completely isolated, leading to better separation of the end states. Furthermore, energy diagrams based on electrochemical analyses (cyclic voltammetry) were used to account for the processes occurring during the photochemical reactions. Our molecular design indicates a simple and versatile method for producing photoredox macrocyclic compounds, which should lead to a new class of advanced functional materials suitable for application in molecular devices and machines.
d-Amino Acid Containing, High-Affinity Inhibitors of Recombinant Human Calpain I (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTd-Amino Acid Containing, High-Affinity Inhibitors of Recombinant Human Calpain I†Sankar Chatterjee, Zi-Qiang Gu, Derek Dunn, Ming Tao, Kurt Josef, Rabindranath Tripathy, Ron Bihovsky, Shobha E. Senadhi, Teresa M. O'Kane, Beth Ann McKenna, Satish Mallya, Mark A. Ator, Donna Bozyczko-Coyne, Robert Siman, and John P. MallamoView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 15, 2663–2666Publication Date (Web):June 20, 1998Publication History Received16 January 1998Published online20 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm980035yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm980035yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Contactless Slipring System based on rotating magnetic field principle for rotary applications (2013)

This paper presents a Contactless Slipring System (CSS) based on rotating magnetic field theory for transferring electrical power to a rotatable shaft. Besides the analytical expressions, a 3-D FEM (Finite Element Model) is developed for simulation study, and a practical circuit is built for system verification and performance evaluation. A method of canceling the rotational torque associated with the rotating magnetic field is proposed and practically verified by testing the prototype system. It has been shown that the proposed system can transfer power up to about 950W to the load at the secondary circuit with a practically achievable quality factor Qs of 5. The FEM simulation and practical results show that unlike the conventional rotating transformer solution, the added magnetic shield increases the power transfer capability by 20%. The uncompensated power receivable at the secondary is 157 VA and 198 VA for the cases without and with aluminum shield respectively.
Femtosecond Er-Doped All-Fiber Laser with High-Density Well-Aligned Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thin-Film Saturable Absorber (2022)

We have studied the ultrafast saturation behavior of a high-density well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes saturable absorber (HDWA-SWCNT SA), obtained by a high-pressure and high-temperature treatment of commercially available single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and related it to femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser performance. We have observed the polarization dependence of a nonlinear optical saturation, along with a low saturation energy level of <1 fJ, limited to the detector threshold used, and the ultrafast response time of <250 fs, while the modulation depth was approximately 12%. We have obtained the generation of ultrashort stretched pulses with a low mode-locking launching threshold of ~100 mW and an average output power of 12.5 mW in an erbium-doped ring laser with the hybrid mode-locking of a VDVA-SWNT SA in combination with the effects of nonlinear polarization evolution. Dechirped pulses with a duration of 180 fs were generated, with a repetition rate of about 42.22 MHz. The average output power standard deviation was about 0.06% RMS during 3 h of measurement.
Role of the miR-301a/Fra-2/GLIPR1 axis in lung cancer cisplatin resistance (2023)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancerrelated mortality worldwide. Platinum-based chemotherapy represents the main treatment, despite about the 70% of tumors are intrinsically resistant. Deciphering the mechanisms of platinum-resistance is urgently needed.
Lithium air battery having a cross-linked polysiloxane separator (2023)

A lithium-air battery includes a lithium anode; an air cathode; and a separator between the lithium anode and an air cathode the separator including a cross-linked polysiloxane.
Hypertensive/Microvascular Disease and COPD: a Case Control Study (2016)

Hypertensive/microvascular disease is more common and more severe in patients with COPD. This is likely to contribute to the associated increase in cardiac risk.
Fluorotetrahydroquinolines from Diethyl 2-Fluoromalonate Ester (2014)

A short series of fluorotetrahydroquinolines was synthesised in two steps from diethyl fluoromalonate and appropriate ortho-nitrobenzyl bromide precursors.
Through-silicon vias enable next-generation SiGe power amplifiers for wireless communications (2008)

We feature a 0.35-µm SiGe BiCMOS technology (SiGe 5PAe) that is optimized for power amplifier (PA) applications. The key feature of this technology is a novel low-inductance ground to the package using through-silicon vias (TSVs) that results in a competitive solution for future multiband and multimode PA integration. The tungsten-filled, multifinger, bar-shaped TSV delivers more than a 75% reduction in inductance compared to a traditional wirebond. This enables higher frequency applications with a roughly 20% reduction in die area without compromising the technology reliability for use conditions in a low-cost plastic QFN (quad flat no leads) package. In this paper we demonstrate the commercial feasibility of the TSV, its RF performance, its reliability, and its usefulness in a demanding WiMAX® (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) PA application.
The JAK1 Inhibitor Upadacitinib Has No Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol: A Study in Healthy Female Subjects (2018)

Upadacitinib is a novel selective oral Janus kinase 1 (JAK) inhibitor being developed for treatment of several inflammatory diseases. Oral contraceptives are anticipated to be a common concomitant medication in the target patient populations. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of multiple doses of upadacitinib on the pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel in healthy female subjects. This phase I, single-center, open-label, 2-period crossover study evaluated the effect of multiple doses of 30 mg once daily extended-release upadacitinib on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (0.03/0.15 mg; administered alone in period 1 and on day 12 of a 14-day regimen of upadacitinib in period 2) in 22 healthy female subjects. The ratios (90% confidence intervals) for maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity following administration of ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel with upadacitinib compared with administration of ethinylestradiol/ levonorgestrel alone were 0.96 (0.89-1.02) and 1.1 (1.04-1.19), respectively, for ethinylestradiol, and 0.96 (0.87-1.06) and 0.96 (0.85-1.07), respectively, for levonorgestrel. The harmonic mean terminal half-life for ethinylestradiol (7.7 vs 7.0 hours) and levonorgestrel (37.1 vs 33.1 hours) was similar in the presence and absence of upadacitinib. Ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel were bioequivalent in the presence and absence of upadacitinib. Therefore, upadacitinib can be administered concomitantly with oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol or levonorgestrel.
An algebraic geometric approach to the identification of a class of linear hybrid systems (2004)

We propose an algebraic geometric solution to the identification of a class of linear hybrid systems. We show that the identification of the model parameters can be decoupled from the inference of the hybrid state and the switching mechanism generating the transitions, hence we do not constraint the switches to be separated by a minimum dwell time. The decoupling is obtained from the so-called hybrid decoupling constraint, which establishes a connection between linear hybrid system identification, polynomial factorization and hyperplane clustering. In essence, we represent the number of discrete states n as the degree of a homogeneous polynomial p and the model parameters as factors of p. We then show that one can estimate n from a rank constraint on the data, the coefficients of p from a linear system, and the model parameters from the derivatives of p. The solution is closed form if and only if n/spl les/4. Once the model parameters have been identified, the estimation of the hybrid state becomes a simpler problem. Although our algorithm is designed for noiseless data, we also present simulation results with noisy data.
Parent vessel occlusion for vertebrobasilar fusiform and dissecting aneurysms. (2003)

In this series, PVO for chronic fusiform and acute dissecting aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system proved to be a useful therapeutic endovascular technique. Long-term outcomes suggest that patients with aneurysms involving only one vertebral artery, where complete thrombosis can be achieved, have better clinical outcomes than those who have aneurysms involving the basilar artery or both vertebral arteries, where complete thrombosis cannot achieved by using PVO.
Diagnostic Value of Isoproterenol Testing in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (2014)

Ventricular arrhythmogenicity during isoproterenol testing is highly sensitive (sensitivity, 91.4%) for the diagnosis of ARVC, particularly in its early stages.