gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra-arterial nitroglycerin as directed acute treatment in experimental ischemic stroke (2016)

These results demonstrate that acute IA GTN is neuroprotective in experimental ischemic stroke and warrants further study as a potentially new stroke therapy.
Prenatal detection of 46,XY,rec(5),dup q, inv(5)(p13q33) using DNA analysis, flow cytometry, and in situ hybridization to supplement classical cytogenetic analysis (1988)

Distinguishing between balanced and unbalanced chromosome complements segregating from parental rearrangements may be difficult using only classical cytogenetic techniques if banding morphology is similar under both expectations. In these situations, supplementing cytogenetic analysis with molecular genetic techniques and flow cytometry may provide increased diagnostic accuracy. To illustrate this, we present a case in which similar band pattern morphology would be expected for both the balanced carrier (heterozygote) and the recombinant dup q chromosome complements segregating from a mother with a balanced inversion [46,XX,inv(5)(p13q33)]. The parents came to Northwestern for consultation after receiving conflicting interpretations of their first amniotic fluid cultures. An ultrasound examination was said to be normal. They inquired whether there were ways to increase their confidence that the complement was unbalanced. Their reluctance to terminate the pregnancy was due to a 6-year history of infertility. After extensive counselling, the couple elected repeat amniocentesis. Further cytogenetic analysis of repeat amniotic fluid cultures by G-banding and R-banding, molecular genetic analysis with highly polymorphic DNA probes, and quantitative flow cytometry were performed. Results agreed that an unbalanced fetal complement was present. Southern blot analysis with a 5p marker definitively demonstrated a lack of maternal 5p material in the fetus, and in situ hybridization showed a 5q marker at either end of the recombinant chromosome. Flow cytometry was consistent with this interpretation. Because of the advanced gestational age, the parents elected to terminate based on cytogenic results of the second amniocentesis, rather than to wait another 1-2 weeks for results of other methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
5.6 A 400×400-Pixel 6μm-Pitch Vertical Avalanche Photodiodes CMOS Image Sensor Based on 150ps-Fast Capacitive Relaxation Quenching in Geiger Mode for Synthesis of Arbitrary Gain Images (2019)

The intensive development of Single-photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) based CMOS image sensors (CIS) continues, with rapid progress [1-6]. Yet, due to unestablished quenching operation [5,6], realization of SPADs onto a CIS alongside conventional pixel circuitry has been a fundamental challenge.
[Current and new therapeutic options in inborn errors of metabolism]. (2020)

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) represent a vast group of orphan genetic disorders associated with enzyme deficiencies, substrates accumulation and products depletion. For several decades, the cornerstone of life-saving therapies in IEM was based on extreme manipulations of the nutritional intakes. Such outstanding dietary engineering is still relevant today, but new therapeutic avenues have emerged last years, based on better pathophysiological understanding and technological advances. In this paper, we summarize current and new therapeutic options in the field of IEM.
Solution structures of cyclic melanocortin agonists and antagonists by NMR (2003)

The melanocortin receptors are involved in many physiological functions, including pigmentation, sexual function, feeding behavior, and energy homeostasis, making them potential targets for drugs to treat obesity, sexual dysfunction, etc. Understanding the conformational basis of the receptor-ligand interactions is crucial to the design of potent and selective ligands for these receptors. The solution structures of the cyclic melanocortin agonists, partial agonist, and antagonists MTII, VJH085, SHU9119, MK5, and MK9 were determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy at pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C in water (90% H(2)O/10% D(2)O). The overall backbone structures of these cyclic alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) analogues around the message sequence (His(6)-D-Phe(7)/D-Nal(2')(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)) were similar and reasonably well defined. beta-Turns spanning His(6) and D-Phe(7)/D-Nal(2')(7) were identified in all analogues, and an amphiphilic molecular surface was obtained for the message sequence residues in most structures within the NMR ensembles. The beta-turn, which most closely resembles a type II beta-turn, leads to stacking between the aromatic rings of His(6) and D-Phe(7) in MTII and VJH085. However, no aromatic stacking between His(6) and D-Nal(2')(7) was found in structures of the D-Nal(2')(7)-containing analogues. The difference in the side-chain dispositions of His(6) and D-Nal(2')(7) may be responsible for the reduced potency or antagonist activity of the D-Nal(2')(7)-containing analogues. In addition, our results suggest that the side-chain orientations may also modulate the receptor selectivity. The information found in this study will be useful for the further design of ligands for melanocortin receptors.
Lignin peroxidase is involved in the biobleaching of manganese-less oxygen-delignified hardwood kraft pulp by white-rot fungi in the solid-fermentation system (2004)

Biobleaching of manganese-less oxygen-delignified hardwood kraft pulp (E-OKP) by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and P. chrysosporium was examined in the solid-state fermentation system. P. sordida YK-624 possessed a higher brightening activity than P. chrysosporium, increasing pulp brightness by 13.4 points after seven days of treatment. In these fermentation systems, lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity was detected as the principle ligninolytic enzyme, and manganese peroxidase and laccase activities were scarcely detected over the course of treatment of E-OKP by either fungus. Moreover, a linear relationship between brightness increase and cumulative LiP activity was observed under all tested culture conditions with P. sordida YK-624 and P. chrysosporium. These results indicated that LiP is involved in the brightening of E-OKP by both white-rot fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Design Based on Inclusion Chemistry. Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of a New Family of Lacunar Schiff Base Complexes with Promise as Broad‐Range Host Molecules. (1988)

Abstract The preparation of the new family of complexes (V) is shown in the scheme.
Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and magnetism of cobalt-, nickel- and zinc-containing [M4(OH)3(H2O)2(α-SiW10O36.5)2]13− (M = Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) (2021)

Interaction of the trilacunary 9-tungstosilicate [A-α-SiW<sub>9</sub>O<sub>34</sub>]<sup>10-</sup> with cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii) ions in pH 9 aqueous medium at room temperature led to the formation of the respective M<sub>4</sub>-containing heteropolytungstates [M<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>(α-SiW<sub>10</sub>O<sub>36.5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>13-</sup> (M = Co<sup>2+</sup> (1), Ni<sup>2+</sup> (2), and Zn<sup>2+</sup> (3)). Polyanions 1-3 were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. Electrochemical studies showed that the Co<sup>2+</sup> ions in 1 can be oxidized to Co<sup>3+</sup> and the CVs of the W<sup>VI</sup> centers of the polyanions feature well-defined and chemically reversible reduction waves. Magnetic measurements on 1 and 2 showed paramagnetism with complex ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. A model was presented for extracting the exchange constants for the magnetic exchange interaction.
Area, delay, power, and cost trends for metal-programmable structured ASICs (MPSAs) (2009)

As integrated circuits are scaled to finer process geometries, the risk involved with the increased design effort and high NRE costs becomes too great for some applications. FPGAs offer one solution, but for high performance, high volume, or low power applications, FPGAs may not be suitable. For some of these applications, structured ASICs may provide a better solution. Structured ASICs share many of the same characteristics as FPGAs, but consume less power, are more dense, and can run faster. Despite these advantages, structured ASICs have not yet achieved the level of popularity some had predicted. There are several possible reasons, including unfamiliar technology, immature CAD, and claimed advantages which have not yet been concretely demonstrated. In much the same way that it has helped improve FPGA adoption, we believe that an increased public research effort can begin to address many of these issues. This paper takes a step in this direction by investigating metal-programmable structured ASICs, or MPSAs. We determine the area, delay, and power trends and quantify the cost advantages of MPSAs relative to cell based ICs (CBICs) for a wide range of possible MPSA logic architectures and layout assumptions. In particular, we quantify the impact of the number of user-defined metal mask layers on these metrics. Results suggest the number of these programmable layers should be as small as possible for most MPSAs, unless very large die sizes are required.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Ureas from CO2 and Diamines by a Pure CeO2 Catalyst Using a 2‐Propanol Solvent. (2013)

ChemInformVolume 44, Issue 41 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Ureas from CO2 and Diamines by a Pure CeO2 Catalyst Using a 2-Propanol Solvent. Masazumi Tamura, Masazumi Tamura Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKensuke Noro, Kensuke Noro Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMasayoshi Honda, Masayoshi Honda Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorYoshinao Nakagawa, Yoshinao Nakagawa Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKeiichi Tomishige, Keiichi Tomishige Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this author Masazumi Tamura, Masazumi Tamura Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKensuke Noro, Kensuke Noro Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMasayoshi Honda, Masayoshi Honda Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorYoshinao Nakagawa, Yoshinao Nakagawa Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKeiichi Tomishige, Keiichi Tomishige Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 September 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201341138Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue41October 8, 2013 RelatedInformation
Fractionation and characterization of starch granules using field-flow fractionation (FFF) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (2019)

Starch is one of the main carbohydrates in food; it is formed by two polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin. The granule size of starch varies with different botanical origins and ranges from less than 1 μm to more than 100 μm. Some physicochemical and functional properties vary with the size of the granule, which makes it of great interest to find an efficient and accurate size-based separation method. In this study, the full-feed depletion mode of split-flow thin cell fractionation (FFD-SF) was employed for a size-based fractionation of two types of starch granules (corn and potato) on a large scale. The fractionation efficiency (FE) of fraction-a for corn and potato granules was 98.4 and 99.4%, respectively. The FFD-SF fractions were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM) and gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF). The respective size distribution results were in close agreement for the corn starch fractions, while they were slightly different for the potato starch fractions. The thermal properties of FFD-SF fractions were analyzed, and the results for the potato starch showed that the peak temperature of gelatinization (T<sub>p</sub>) slightly decreases as the size of the granules increases. Additionally, the enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) increases when the granule size increases and shows negative correlation with the gelatinization range (ΔT).
Aerosol Synthesis and Reactivity of Thin Oxide Shell Aluminum Nanoparticles via Fluorocarboxylic Acid Functional Coating (2013)

There is currently a need for low oxide content nanoaluminum as a component in high‐energy‐density fuels. A gas‐phase passivation coating of perfluoropentanoic acid on in situ generated bare nanoaluminum accomplished in an aerosol stream and resulting in an air‐stable product is demonstrated. Transmission electron microscopy inspection demonstrates a 1–2 nm coating layer, and thermogravimetric analysis reveals an 80% active fuel content, an increase of 17% from untreated product. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms both the presence of the fluorocarboxylic acid on the aluminum surface and the thinner coating layer compared with the untreated case. A bridge bonding coordination between the carboxylate group and aluminum is indicated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The coated product demonstrates reduced ignition temperature in thermite combinations for temperature‐jump fine wire combustion tests and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy verifies formation of AlF 3 in burned product.
Splitting frequency components of error signal in narrowband active noise control system design (2013)

A narrowband active noise control (NANC) structure is often applied to reduce undesired noise when multiple tones have close frequencies. A parallel ANC structure is proposed for separating undesired harmonics into a series of adaptive filters. Since the input signal of each adaptive filter has only one harmonic component, a second-order finite impulse response (FIR) filter is sufficient for processing the undesired noise. Therefore, the presented parallel structure for NANC system is greatly simplified. Based on the input signal frequency, a bank of bandpass filters splits the frequency components of the error signal to update the corresponding adaptive filters in the parallel NANC structure, each of which is computationally very simple and unaffected by time delay. A new performance index for a parallel NANC is also proposed. The increased convergence speed obtained by the proposed method is first confirmed by theoretical analysis. Computer simulations are then performed to confirm the enhancement.
Preparation and transmission of low-loss azimuthally polarized pure single mode in multimode photonic band gap fibers (2012)

We demonstrate the preparation and transmission of the lowest loss azimuthally polarized TE₀₁₋ like mode in a photonic band gap (PBG) fiber. Using the nature of the mode and the properties of the band gap structure we construct a novel coupler that operates away from the band gap's center to enhance the differential losses and facilitate the radiative loss of hybrid fundamental fiber modes. Remarkably, even though the coupler is highly multimoded, a pure azimuthally polarized mode is generated after only 17 cm. Theoretical calculations verify the validity of this technique and accurately predict the coupling efficiency. The generation and single mode propagation of this unique azimuthally polarized, doughnut shaped mode in a large hollow-core fiber can find numerous applications including in optical microscopy, optical tweezers, and guiding particles along the fiber.
Electron-induced fragmentation mechanisms in organic monomers and their implications for photoresist optimization for EUV lithography (2021)

Secondary electrons generated during the Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) process are predominantly responsible for inducing important patterning chemistry in photoresist films. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the electron-induced fragmentation mechanisms involved in EUV-resist systems to improve their patterning performance. To facilitate this understanding, mechanistic studies were carried out on simple organic EUV-resist monomers, methyl isobutyrate (MIB) and methacrylic acid (MAA), both in the condensed and gas phases. Electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) studies on MIB in the condensed phase showed desorption peaks at around 2 and 9 eV electron energies. The gas-phase study on MIB showed that the monomer followed the dissociative ionization (DI) fragmentation pathway, under single collision conditions, which opened up at electron energies above about 11 eV. No signs of dissociative electron attachment (DEA) were detected for MIB in the gas phase under single collision conditions. However, DEA was an active process in MAA in the gas phase under single collision conditions at around 2 eV, showing that slight modifications of the molecular structures of photoresists may serve to sensitize them to certain electron-induced processes.
Long-haul terabit transmission (2272km) employing digitally pre-distorted quad-carrier PM-16QAM super-channel (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate long-haul WDM transmission of 36GBaud four-subcarrier Terabit PM-16QAM super-channel. Digital pre-distortion enables ~50% reach improvement for both LAPSCF and SSMF fiber-types, with maximum recorded reach of 2272km and 949km, respectively.
Incorporation of heparin-binding proteins into preformed dextran sulfate-chitosan nanoparticles (2016)

Abstract: Incorporation of proteins into dextran sulfate (DS)-chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (DSCS NPs) is commonly performed using entrapment procedures, in which protein molecules are mixed with DS and CS until particle formation occurs. As DS is an analog of heparin, the authors examined whether proteins could be directly incorporated into preformed DSCS NPs through a heparin binding domain-mediated interaction. The authors formulated negatively-charged DSCS NPs, and quantified the amount of charged DS in the outer shell of the particles. The authors then mixed the DSCS NPs with heparin-binding proteins (SDF-1α, VEGF, FGF-2, BMP-2, or lysozyme) to achieve incorporation. Data show that for DSCS NPs containing 100 nmol charged glucose sulfate units in DS, up to ~1.5 nmol of monomeric or ~0.75 nmol of dimeric heparin-binding proteins were incorporated without significantly altering the size or zeta potential of the particles. Incorporation efficiencies of these proteins were 95%–100%. In contrast, serum albumin or serum globulin showed minimal incorporation (8% and 4%, respectively) in 50% physiological saline, despite their large adsorption in water (80% and 92%, respectively). The NP-incorporated SDF-1α and VEGF exhibited full activity and sustained thermal stability. An in vivo aerosolization study showed that NP-incorporated SDF-1α persisted in rat lungs for 72 h (~34% remaining), while free SDF-1α was no longer detectable after 16 h. As many growth factors and cytokines contain heparin-binding sites/domains, incorporation into preformed DSCS NPs could facilitate in vivo applications of these proteins. Keywords: polyelectrolyte complex, polysaccharide, glycan, glycosaminoglycan
Towards the Adoption of OMG Standards in the Development of SOA-Based IoT Systems (2020)

A common feature of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the high heterogeneity, regarding network protocols, data formats, hardware and software platforms. Aiming to deal with such a degree of heterogeneity, several frameworks have applied the Model-Driven Development (MDD) to build IoT applications. On the software architecture viewpoint, the literature has shown that the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a promising style to address the interoperability of entities composing these solutions. Some features of IoT make it challenging to analyze the impact of design decisions on the SOA-based IoT applications behavior. Thus, it is a key requirement to simulate the model to verify whether the system performs as expected before its implementation. Although the literature has identified that the SOA style is suitable for addressing the interoperability, existing modelling languages do not consider SOA elements as first-class citizens when designing IoT applications. Furthermore, although existing MDD frameworks provide modeling languages comprising well-defined syntax, they lack execution semantics, thus, are not suitable for model execution and analysis. This work aims at addressing these issues by introducing IoTDraw. The framework provides a fully OMG-compliant executable modeling language for SOA-based IoT systems; thus, its specifications can be implemented by any tool implementing OMG standards.
Signal Integrity Characterization of Channels With Asymmetric Via Stubs (2020)

The characterization of the signal integrity (SI) performance of differential high-speed channels that have an imbalance due to mismatched via stub length is investigated. The impact of the asymmetric stubs are characterized with regards to impedance matching, differential-to-common mode conversion and intra-pair skew computation. Simulations for the short and long differential vias are carried out in both the frequency-domain and the time-domain with a back-drilling tolerance of ±10 mils for the residual stubs. It is shown that there is a 9 Ω differential impedance variation, over -40dB mode conversion loss above 5GHz and 2~3 ps of intra-pair skew is introduced. An example is illustrated to show the impact of the stub asymmetry for the high-speed channel with a time-domain eye simulation at 40 Gbps data rate. It is shown that the short imbalanced differential via with a 20 mil stub asymmetry has the eye diagram degradation in the peak-peak jitter that doubles the jitter for the channel with vias with equal-length residual stubs.
Thermal decomposition of silver acetate in silver paste for solar cell metallization: An effective route to reduce contact resistance (2013)

A screen printed silver/metallic glass (MG) paste formulated with Ag acetate resulted in a specific contact resistance in the range of 0.6–0.7 mΩ·cm2 on both the n- and p-type Si emitters of interdigitated back-contact solar cells. Silver nanocrystallites resulting from thermally decomposed Ag acetate prevented the Al MG frits from directly interacting with the Si emitter, thus reducing the amount of Al diffused into the Si emitters, and subsequently, the contact resistance. A photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 20.3% was achieved using this technique.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REDUCTIVE DECYCLIZATIONS OF SEMIBULLVALENE (1985)

Abstract Das Semibullvalen (I) wird mit Kalium zum Dianion (II) reduziert; mit Na‐K erhält man bei anschließender Protonierung (III) und (IV) bzw. (III)‐(VI).