gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolith-based 68Ga processing: a new strategy for purification to facilitate direct radiolabelling methods (2016)

The post-processing of <sup>68</sup>Ga generator eluate by means of a novel high capacity cation-exchange silica monolith column has been validated in this work.
Histological insights into the pathogenesis of post‐Roux‐en‐Y hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (2014)

This case highlights the potential multifactorial pathogenesis of symptomatic hypoglycaemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Lipospheres as a Vaccine Carrier System: Effects of Size, Charge, and Phospholipid Composition (1992)

This study describes a new fat-based vehicle (liposphere) that has been developed as a carrier for vaccines. Manufacture of lipospheres is accomplished by gently melting neutral fat in the presence of phospholipid and antigen, and then dispersing the melted mixture in an aqueous suspension by vigorous shaking. Upon cooling of this mixture a phospholipid-stabilized solid hydrophobic fat core containing antigen forms spontaneously. A typical composition of the lipid phase of the lipospheres consists of a neutral fat, such as tristearin or ethylstearate, and a phospholipid such as lecithin. A recombinant malaria antigen, R32NS 1, containing epitopes derived from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum, was incorporated in lipospheres together with lipid A as an adjuvant. After intramuscular injection of the formulation in rabbits, high levels of specific IgG antibodies to the antigen were still present 12 weeks after primary immunization. Several chemical and physical parameters that might be expected to influence the liposphere vaccine formulation were investigated. The particle size distribution of lipospheres depended on the fat to phospholipid (F/PL) molar ratio, and the immune response to liposphere-encapsulated R32NSI was also dependent on the F/PL ratio. For F/PL ratios of &lt; or = 0.75 most of the lipospheres had an average diameter of less than 10 micrometers, while at F/PL ratios of &gt; or = 2.5 approximately 80 % of the particles had an average size of 73 micrometers. Among the ratios tested, a maximal level of IgG antibody production was obtained at a F/PL ratio of 0.75, while at larger ratios decreased antibody production was observed. The effects of antigen dose and phospholipid composition were also examined.
Phytate Dephosphorylation Products Also Act as Potent Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization (2022)

Phytate has been classified as an anti-nutrient, but there are no adverse effects from the consumption of a balanced diet with 1 to 2 g of daily phytate (inositol-hexaphosphate, InsP6) as a calcium magnesium salt, the form naturally present in grains. Furthermore, recent research has shown that phytate consumption may prevent pathological calcifications, such as kidney stones and cardiovascular calcifications. However, many endogenous and exogenous enzymes can hydrolyze phytate to lower inositol phosphates (InsPs) that also have biological activity. We performed a controlled hydrolysis of phytate and identified the products (InsPs) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The total level of all InsPs was measured using a non-specific methodology. In addition, we evaluated the effects of the InsP6 hydrolysates on calcium oxalate crystallization using scanning electron microscopy and measuring the time needed for the induction of crystallization. Our results indicate that InsP6 and its hydrolysis products functioned as effective inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization. Thus, even though InsP6 is hydrolyzed after consumption, the enzymatic products also have the potential to reduce pathological calcifications. Finally, although it is useful to measure the overall level of InsPs in biological fluids, such as urine, there is a need to develop simple analytical methods to quantify the level of individual InsPs.
Structure of 1,1':2,2'-bis(oxybismethylene)ferrocene (1992)

C 14 H 14 FeO 2 cristallise dans P2 1 /n avec a=12.884, b=12.012, c=14.442A, β=101.45°, Z=8; affinement jusqu'a R=4.75%. La molecule cristallise de telle sorte que les deux ponts oxybismethylene soient dans une conformation endo-exo. En comparant celle-ci avec celle d'autres ferrocenes pontes, on constate que cette geometrie provient d'une interaction dipole-dipole favorable entre les oxygene des ether.
Mitigating Intra-Cell Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO: A Rate Splitting Approach (2022)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MaMIMO) has become an integral part of the fifth-generation (5G) standard, and is envisioned to be further developed in beyond 5G (B5G) networks. With a massive number of antennas at the base station (BS), MaMIMO is best equipped to cater prominent use cases of B5G networks such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) or combinations thereof. However, one of the critical challenges to this pursuit is the sporadic access behaviour of a massive number of devices in practical networks that inevitably leads to the conspicuous pilot contamination problem. Conventional linearly precoded physical layer strategies employed for downlink transmission in time division duplex (TDD) MaMIMO would incur a noticeable spectral efficiency (SE) loss in the presence of this pilot contamination. In this paper, we aim to integrate a robust multiple access and interference management strategy named rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) with TDD MaMIMO for downlink transmission and investigate its SE performance. We propose a novel downlink transmission framework of RSMA in TDD MaMIMO, devise a precoder design strategy and power allocation schemes to maximize different network utility functions. Numerical results reveal that RSMA is significantly more robust to pilot contamination and always achieves a SE performance that is equal to or better than the conventional linearly precoded MaMIMO transmission strategy.
Time-to-Event Genome-Wide Association Study for Incident Cardiovascular Disease in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2023)

The data point to novel and known genomic regions associated with incident CVD among individuals with T2D.
Methane Disintegration by Water Vapor in a Hot Chamber heated by Using a Microwave Steam Torch (2019)

An analysis of the behaviors of water and methane in a hot chamber indicates that methane and water molecules mutually help to disintegrate each other. Oxygen atoms from water disintegrate methane, and methane also self-dissociates. A substantial dissociation of methane by these processes occurs at chamber temperatures higher than T = 1500 K. Methyl (CH3) from these dissociations is very instrumental for the disintegration of water molecules. Meanwhile, the majority of methyl molecules undergo disintegration by oxygen atom, producing an abundance of formaldehyde (CH2O), which self-dissociates immediately to carbon monoxide and hydrogen molecules. Hydroxyl (OH) may convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide at a very high temperature of T = 1900 K. An experimental observation shows that methane dissociates in a hot steam chamber heated by a microwave torch. Methane disintegrates completely at temperature higher than 1200 °C (= 1480 K) without any catalyst, as expected from the analytical study.
Linear Equalizers for Flat Rayleigh MIMO Channels (2006)

We consider linear detectors for MIMO systems, i.e., multi-antenna systems where linear equalizers are employed to remove spatial interference. We analyze the behavior of linear equalizers through outage probability. The MMSE equalizer was found to behave in unexpected ways. Contrary to the usual intuition, the performance of MMSE and zero-forcing equalizers may not coincide at high-SNR. This is especially true at low spectral efficiencies, where the MMSE equalizer may achieve full spatial diversity.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and outcome in Merkel cell carcinoma, a virus-associated cancer (2012)

An intense immune infiltrate, enriched in T cells, is associated with the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare skin cancer. High tumor-infiltrating T-cell counts are associated with favorable survival regardless of the tumor MCPyV status. Hence, boosting host immune functions might constitute a new approach for the treatment of MCC.
Performances of a Butterfly-Packaged External Cavity Laser Diode with CRIGF Mirror (2019)

Wavelength-stabilized, low-linewidth lasers are commonly fabricated nowadays using external-cavity diode lasers (ECDL), often using bulk diffraction optics in the Littrow [1] or Littman [2] configurations. However, with the development of field applications, there is a strong demand for small-size, low-footprint, low-linewidth, robust laser sources. Several sources were demonstrated using VBG [3] gratings or planar integrated waveguides [4]. Here, we report on an alternative design of compact wavelength-stabilized ECDL where wavelength selection is ensured by a sub-wavelength grating reflector called a Cavity Integrated Grating Filter (CRIGF) [5]. The demonstration is in the 850 nm range for Ce clocks applications but the concept is generic CRIGF can work in many wavelength ranges.
Sub-quarter micron copper interconnects through dry etching process and its reliability (2002)

Copper is the major candidate material of post-Al alloys in deep sub-micron region, because of low resistivity and long electromigration lifetime. Recently, ion milling and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) have been applied to fine Cu interconnects, and these techniques can avoid the difficulty of etching Cu caused by hardly subliming etching-products. However, these are not necessarily the well-established technique for ULSI process. Our approach is modification of the high temperature dry etching, which includes the self-aligned passivation technique. In this work, we have formed TiN/Cu/TiN multilayered interconnects of sub-quarter micron width using the modified dry etching technique, and evaluated the resistance to electromigration damage (EMD).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Parametry tranzystorów GaN HEMT - wyniki I etapu projektu PolHEMT (2015)

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
Resolving the Generalized Bas-Relief Ambiguity by Entropy Minimization (2007)

It is well known in the photometric stereo literature that uncalibrated photometric stereo, where light source strength and direction are unknown, can recover the surface geometry of a Lambertian object up to a 3-parameter linear transform known as the generalized bas relief (GBR) ambiguity. Many techniques have been proposed for resolving the GBR ambiguity, typically by exploiting prior knowledge of the light sources, the object geometry, or non-Lambertian effects such as specularities. A less celebrated consequence of the GBR transformation is that the albedo at each surface point is transformed along with the geometry. Thus, it should be possible to resolve the GBR ambiguity by exploiting priors on the albedo distribution. To the best of our knowledge, the only time the albedo distribution has been used to resolve the GBR is in the case of uniform albedo. We propose a new prior on the albedo distribution : that the entropy of the distribution should be low. This prior is justified by the fact that many objects in the real-world are composed of a small finite set of albedo values.
“In situ” Generated “HCl” — An Efficient Catalyst for Solvent‐Free Hantzsch Reaction at Room Temperature: Synthesis of New Dihydropyridine Glycoconjugates. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inhibitory Effect of Oolong Tea on the Oxidative State of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (2003)

In the present study, we investigated the anti-oxidant activity of oolong tea in an oxidation model using human low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Oolong tea suppressed the oxidation of LDL induced by 2-2'-azobis 4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyvaleronitrile (V70) in a dose-dependent manner, that is, it prolonged the lag time to 114.3%, 138% and 199.9% as compared with the control group at 0.5 microg/ml, 1.0 microg/ml, and 2.5 microg/ml, respectively. We also determined the scavenging effect of oolong tea on active oxygen radicals using the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trapping agent. The intensity of the ESR signals for the DMPO-OOH adduct formed by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction system with DMPO decreased in the presence of oolong tea. The IC(50) of oolong tea was 19.9 microg/ml. These findings suggested that oolong tea has beneficial effects on health related to its anti-oxidative action.
Autonomously Navigating a Surgical Tool Inside the Eye by Learning from Demonstration (2020)

A fundamental challenge in retinal surgery is safely navigating a surgical tool to a desired goal position on the retinal surface while avoiding damage to surrounding tissues, a procedure that typically requires tens-of-microns accuracy. In practice, the surgeon relies on depth-estimation skills to localize the tool-tip with respect to the retina in order to perform the tool-navigation task, which can be prone to human error. To alleviate such uncertainty, prior work has introduced ways to assist the surgeon by estimating the tool-tip distance to the retina and providing haptic or auditory feedback. However, automating the tool-navigation task itself remains unsolved and largely unexplored. Such a capability, if reliably automated, could serve as a building block to streamline complex procedures and reduce the chance for tissue damage. Towards this end, we propose to automate the tool-navigation task by learning to mimic expert demonstrations of the task. Specifically, a deep network is trained to imitate expert trajectories toward various locations on the retina based on recorded visual servoing to a given goal specified by the user. The proposed autonomous navigation system is evaluated in simulation and in physical experiments using a silicone eye phantom. We show that the network can reliably navigate a needle surgical tool to various desired locations within 137 microns accuracy in physical experiments and 94 microns in simulation on average, and generalizes well to unseen situations such as in the presence of auxiliary surgical tools, variable eye backgrounds, and brightness conditions.
5′,5′‐O‐Dinucleosid‐α‐hydroxybenzylphosphonsäureester als lipophile, potentielle Prodrugs von 2′,3′‐Didesoxythymidin (ddT) (1993)

Phosphorylierte und phosphonylierte Derivate des antiviral aktiven Nucleosid‐Analogons 2′,3′‐Didesoxythymidin (ddT) lassen sich aus den Dinucleosid‐α‐hydroxybenzylphosphonsäureestern 1 freisetzen: In Abhängigkeit vom Substituenten des Benzylrestes tritt entweder Phosphonat‐Phosphat‐Umlagerung oder eine direkte Spaltung ein. Damit könnten die Verbindungen 1 prinzipiell als Prodrugs phosphorylierter oder phosphonylierter Nucleoside dienen. Ar = Aryl. magnified image
Efficient Methodologies for 3-D TCAD Modeling of Emerging Devices and Circuits (2012)

Over the past decade, 3-D process simulation, which is central to the 3-D Technology Computer-Aided Design (3-D TCAD) approach, has severely limited the scope and applicability of TCAD to circuits with a small number of field-effect transistors, owing to its prohibitively high computational costs for large layouts. Due to rapidly changing process recipes and shorter production cycles in the industry, design-time optimization and iterative layout-3-D TCAD exploration for yield-critical or yield-characterizing circuits, such as static random-access memories (SRAMs), ring oscillators, and others, is currently impossible in a practical time frame. In this paper, we architect a novel layout/process/device-independent TCAD methodology in the Sentaurus tool suite to overcome the process simulation barrier for accurate 3-D TCAD structure generation. We adopt an automated structure synthesis (SS) approach, thereby bypassing the need for repetitive 3-D process simulations for different layouts or different versions of the same layout. Results for 32-nm bulk process simulations versus SS and 32-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) hardware measurements versus corresponding synthesized structures indicate that the method is an excellent substitute to 3-D process simulation of large layouts, with extremely favorable time and memory scaling behavior. Finally, the robustness and scalability of the proposed abstractions are highlighted through the synthesis of 22-nm SOI 6T FinFET SRAMs and ring oscillator structures.
Development of a Gas-Tight External Casing Patch Using Direct Hydraulic Expansion of Standard Casing to Achieve a Permanent Load Bearing Connection (2005)

Abstract This paper describes the design, development and testing of an External Casing Patch system for installation in an offshore well to repair damaged 9 5/8 inch casing. The casing repair was required to have an effective metal-to-metal seal to hold lift gas injection pressure together with the potential for increasing levels of H2S during the life of the well. The expansion technique used pressures in excess of 20,000 psi to compliantly expand the casing into an external ‘profiled overshot’. The paper also describes the development of a method of generating and controlling such hydraulic pressure downhole. In addition to theoretical calculations, full scale laboratory testing of the mechanical and the hydraulic sealing properties of the connection have been performed in qualifying the Casing Patch for well deployment. Tests were performed on samples of casing taken from a candidate well to support the theoretical calculations. A means of making a downhole load-bearing casing connection, with load rating above 200 tons and pressure differential rating of 2,700 psi gas, has been demonstrated. A connection design has been developed that connects directly to a cut casing stub, and therefore does not require back off of casing connections. The case history presented shows that this technique of connecting tubulars in a well bore has application in remedial work on older or damaged completions, and also as contingency for new wells where a casing string may not reach TD due to differential sticking, swollen shales etc. Further development of the technique of direct high-pressure expansion is discussed in relation to the design of ultra-deep and slim wells, where the technique employed may broaden the options for completion design, particularly in HPHT wells where the design envelope is challenging.
Chronic Superoxide Signaling in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) is Essential For Goldblatt Hypertension (2010)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral cardiovascular tissues are implicated in the pathogenesis of Goldblatt (two kidney one clip, 2K1C) hypertension. We identified an imbalance between ROS generation and oxidant scavenging in the RVLM of Goldblatt rats. In 2K1C rats, the RVLM exhibited increased mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits. With a role in sympathetic activity generation, we tested whether chronic superoxide scavenging in RVLM would affect Goldblatt hypertension. In Wistar rats (male, 150–180g) superoxide dismutase was over expressed (Ad‐CMV‐CuZnSOD) chronically using an adenoviral vector 3 weeks after renal artery clipping. In 2K1C rats, the elevated AP and heart rate returned to control values one week after transfection, was maintained for 3 weeks and associated with decreased low frequency spectra of systolic blood pressure variability. We confirmed both reduced ROS levels and the presence of CuZnSOD in RVLM neurons immunohistochemically. No changes in arterial pressure were observed in control rats receiving Ad‐CMV‐eGFP in the RVLM. Thus, chronic superoxide signaling in the RVLM of the Goldblatt model is essential for the hypertension. Supported by CAPES and British Heart Foundation.
CCR5 Chemokine Receptor Mediates Recruitment of MHC Class II-Positive Langerhans Cells in the Mouse Corneal Epithelium (2021)

PURPOSE. To characterize the chemokines and chemokine receptors that mediate the effect of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, on the recruitment of MHC class II+Langerhans cells (LCs) in the corneal epithelium. METHODS. A standard model for corneal LC recruitment, application of cautery to the central corneal surface was used, and the differential gene expression levels of a panel of chemokines and chemokine receptors were determined by RNase protection assay. Chemokine receptor-knockout mice were used to evaluate the recruitment of MHC class II+LCs to the corneal epithelium. To determine the sensitivity of selected chemokines to IL-1 and TNF-a stimulation, the chemokine gene expression pattern was analyzed after blockade of IL-1 and TNF receptors. RESULTS. CCR1, -2, and -5 were overexpressed in corneas after cauterization. Topical administration of soluble TNF receptor I and IL-1 receptor antagonist, which abrogated corneal LC recruitment, significantly suppressed the gene transcription levels of the ligands of CCR1 and/or -5, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β. The recruitment of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+LC was significantly suppressed in CCR5-/-mice and blockade of RANTES and MIP-1β, but not in CCRI-/-, CCR2-/-/MIP-1α-/-, or MIP-1α-/-mice. The evaluation of epithelial CD11c+LC cells by confocal microscopy revealed coexpression for CCR5 primarily among B7-(CD80-/CD86 ) subsets of these LCs but not among the mature B7+subsets of CD1 1c+LCs. CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that CCR5 plays a critical role in mediating recruitment and mobilization of MHC class II+LCs into the corneal epithelium. Targeting CCR5 and its ligands may be a new strategy for modulating immunity.
RAND Review: Vol. 32, No. 3, Fall 2008 (2008)

The cover story offers 12 suggestions for the new U.S. president; other pieces discuss education and health in China and India, health policy models, the U.S. Postal Service mailbox monopoly, a green U.S. Army, and political reform in the Arab world.
Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Post Cytotoxic Therapy—Retrospective Analysis of the Patients Treated in Poland from 2005 to 2022 (2023)

Acute P./myeloid leukemia post cytotoxic therapy (AML-pCT) is rare complication of cancer treatment in childhood. The objective of the study was to identify clinical characteristics and provide an analysis of the outcomes in pediatric AML-pCT. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 40 children with AML-pCT, treated from 2005 to 2020 within the Polish Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Study Group. The most common primary malignancies were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (32.5%) and brain tumors (20%). The median latency period was 2.9 years (range: 0.7-12.9). Probabilities of overall (OS), event-free (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) in the whole cohort were 0.49 ± 0.08, 0.43 ± 0.08, and 0.64 ± 0.10, respectively. Significant improvements in outcomes were observed in patients treated from 2015-2022 (two induction cycles followed by stem cell transplantation-SCT in 69% of patients) compared to 2005-2014 (four induction cycles followed by SCT in 49% of patients). The probability of EFS increased from 0.30 ± 0.10 to 0.67 ± 0.12 (<i>p</i> = 0.07) and RFS increased from 0.46 ± 0.11 to 1.0 (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The poorest outcome (OS and EFS 0.25 ± 0.20) was in AML post brain tumor, mainly due to deaths from toxicities. To conclude, treatment results achieved in patients with AML-pCT treated from 2015-2022, with two induction cycles followed by immediate SCT, were better than those reported by other authors, and comparable to the results in de novo AML.