gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Idea (2016)

IoT enabled smart environments are expected to proliferate significantly in the near future, particularly in the context of monitoring services for wellness living, patient healthcare and elderly care. Timely maintenance of failed sensors is of critical importance in such deployments to ensure minimal disruption to monitoring services. However, maintenance of large and geographically spread deployments can be a significant challenge. We present Idea that significantly increases the vtime-before-repair for a smart home deployment, thereby reducing the maintenance overhead. Specifically, our approach leverages the facts that (a) there is inherent sensor redundancy when combinations of sensors monitor activities of daily living (ADLs) in smart environments, and (b) the impact of each sensor failure depends on the activities being monitored and the functional redundancy afforded by rest of the heterogeneous sensors available for detecting the activities. Consequently, Idea identifies homes that need to be fixed based on expected degradation in ADL detection performance, and optimizes maintenance scheduling accordingly. We demonstrate that our approach leads to 3--40 times fewer maintenance personnel than a scheme in which failed sensors are fixed without considering their impact.
Increased expression of apoptotic markers in melanoma (2003)

Extensive labelling for the apoptotic markers calcium channel receptor P2X(7) and caspase-3 and telomerase activity was co-localized at a similar intensity in areas affected by superficial spreading melanoma obtained from 80 patients. Labelling for each of these markers also extended 2 microm from the melanoma into the keratinocyte layer of the adjacent normal epidermis. Conversely, the calcium-regulating receptors P2X(1-3) and P2Y(2) (found in normal but not neoplastic skin) were fully de-expressed within 2 microm of the melanoma but fully expressed beyond that distance. The cell adhesion protein E-cadherin (also only present in normal skin) was progressively de-expressed from a point 2 microm from the melanoma until full de-expression within the lesion. These results show that telomerase-induced proliferation and defensive apoptosis are co-localized and simultaneous processes in melanoma tissue. Melanoma cell proliferation appears to overwhelm the apoptotic defence, perhaps due to the anti-apoptotic effects of telomerase. In addition, keratinocyte regulation of the epidermis and dermis is severely compromised by the loss of E-cadherin and P2X(1-3) and P2Y(2) receptors, resulting in a lesion that is aggressive and malignant.
Entropy-SGD: biasing gradient descent into wide valleys* (2019)

Abstract This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm called Entropy-SGD for training deep neural networks that is motivated by the local geometry of the energy landscape. Local extrema with low generalization error have a large proportion of almost-zero eigenvalues in the Hessian with very few positive or negative eigenvalues. We leverage upon this observation to construct a local-entropy-based objective function that favors well-generalizable solutions lying in large flat regions of the energy landscape, while avoiding poorly-generalizable solutions located in the sharp valleys. Conceptually, our algorithm resembles two nested loops of SGD where we use Langevin dynamics in the inner loop to compute the gradient of the local entropy before each update of the weights. We show that the new objective has a smoother energy landscape and show improved generalization over SGD using uniform stability, under certain assumptions. Our experiments on convolutional and recurrent networks demonstrate that Entropy-SGD compares favorably to state-of-the-art techniques in terms of generalization error and training time.
Construction of a 18F‐FDG PET normative database of Japanese healthy elderly subjects and its application to demented and mild cognitive impairment patients (2009)

An age-matched normative database can be applied to the evaluation of single subjects, and the application of a mixed database of males and females is viable. Normative databases are useful for detecting dementia diseases and their MCI.
NeuTex: Neural Texture Mapping for Volumetric Neural Rendering (2021)

Recent work has demonstrated that volumetric scene representations combined with differentiable volume rendering can enable photo-realistic rendering for challenging scenes that mesh reconstruction fails on. However, these methods entangle geometry and appearance in a "black-box" volume that cannot be edited. Instead, we present an approach that explicitly disentangles geometry--represented as a continuous 3D volume--from appearance--represented as a continuous 2D texture map. We achieve this by introducing a 3D-to-2D texture mapping (or surface parameterization) network into volumetric representations. We constrain this texture mapping network using an additional 2D-to-3D inverse mapping network and a novel cycle consistency loss to make 3D surface points map to 2D texture points that map back to the original 3D points. We demonstrate that this representation can be reconstructed using only multi-view image supervision and generates high-quality rendering results. More importantly, by separating geometry and texture, we allow users to edit appearance by simply editing 2D texture maps.
scCVD Diamond Membrane based Microdosimeter for Hadron Therapy (2018)

Hadron therapy is an innovative mode of radiotherapy (RT) for cancer treatment which enables tumor cells to be more effectively destroyed than conventional RT using photons. The precise knowledge of the lineal energy of particles is used in the field of microdosimetry (MKM model) as a fundamental parameter in the prediction of the relative biological efficiency (RBE) of clinical beams. Based on single‐crystal CVD (scCVD) super‐thin diamond membranes obtained using deep Ar/O 2 plasma etching, prototypes of solid‐state microdosimeters for lineal energy measurements are produced at the Diamond Sensors Laboratory of CEA‐LIST. The response of a diamond membrane microdosimeter to single projectiles is investigated in ion microbeams. The microdosimeter is irradiated using a raster scanning method and the charge transport properties of the device are determined with sub‐micron precision by measuring the charge collection efficiency (CCE), the μSVs 3D spatial definition and the pulse‐height spectra. A prototype of this novel microdosimeter is then tested in a 100 MeV therapeutic proton beam at the Institute Curie − Proton Therapy Centre in Orsay. All results effectively demonstrate the great potential for this device to be used for studies of the RBE in clinical applications.
An inductive-coupling link for 3D integration of a 90nm CMOS processor and a 65nm CMOS SRAM (2009)

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) system integration of a commercial processor and a memory by using inductive coupling. A 90 nm CMOS 8-core processor, back-grinded to a thickness of 50 mum, is mounted face down on a package by C4 bump. A 65 nm CMOS 1 MB SRAM of the same thickness is glued on it face up, and the power is provided by conventional wire-bonding. The two chips under different supply voltages are AC-coupled by inductive coupling that provides a 19.2 Gb/s data link. Measured power and area efficiency of the link is 1 pJ/b and 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Gbps, which is 1/30 and 1/3 in comparison with the conventional DDR2 interface respectively.
Miniaturized UV Fluorescence Collection Optics Integrated with Ion Trap Chips (2010)

For practical quantum computing, it will be necessary to detect the fluorescence from many trapped ions. We describe a design and integration approach using microoptics to couple this fluorescence into an array of optical fibers.
Carrier mobility characteristics of (100), (110), and (551) oriented atomically flattened Si surfaces for fin structure design of multi-gate metal–insulator–silicon field-effect transistors (2014)

This paper reports on the carrier mobility characteristics of (100), (110), and (551) oriented atomically flattened Si surfaces for the fin structure design of multi-gate metal–insulator–silicon FETs (MuGFETs). At the atomic scale flatness level, the hole mobility is sensitive at the relatively high effective electric field region around 1 MV/cm and the hole mobility improvement is more than the that of electron. On the flattened (551) surface, both electron and hole mobility values are higher than those of the (110) surface. The mobility-based MuGFET assessment on speed and noise margin is proposed, and its result indicates that the (551) facet (100) top surfaces fin type has the best figure-of-merit of all the investigated combinations of fin types at the intermediate facet height to top surface width ratio of 1.2 to 7.5.
Multi-Core Fibers for Space Division Multiplexing Transmission (2018)

Multi-core fibers (MCFs) and few-mode fibers (FMFs) are expected as a good candidate for overcoming the capacity limit of a current optical communication system. This paper reviews the classification and recent works of MCFs, FMFs and few-mode multi-core fibers for space division multiplexing transmission. In addition, design concept and characteristics of a single-mode 37-core fiber, which has largest core number so far, are presented. Here, tradeoff requirements such as core count, Aeff, inter-core crosstalk, and cladding diameter are discussed.
Inverter topology with integrated on-load tap change for grid-connection of renewable electric energy sources (2014)

Inverter topology with integrated on-load tap change for grid-connection of renewable electric energy sources
The northeast glucose drift: Stratification of post-breakfast dysglycemia among predominantly Hispanic/Latino adults at-risk or with type 2 diabetes (2021)

US Department of Agriculture (Grant #2018-33800-28404), a seed grant from the industry board fees of the NSF Engineering Research Center for Precise Advanced Technologies and Health Systems for Underserved Populations (PATHS-UP) (Award #1648451), and the Elsevier foundation.
Prostate‐tumor targeting of gene expression by lentiviral vectors containing elements of the probasin promoter (2004)

Lv-ARR(2)PB may be an ideal vector for prostate-tumor targeting and for persistent, hormone-enhanced expression of a therapeutic gene to treat slow growing prostate tumors.
Pumping fluids in microfluidic systems using the elastic deformation of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2007)

This paper demonstrates a methodology for storing and pumping fluids that provide a useful capability for microfluidic devices. It uses microfluidic screw valves to isolate fluids in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microcompartments, in which the pressure of the liquid is stored in the elastic deformation of the walls and ceiling of the compartments. Fluids can be stored under pressure in these structures for months. When the valves are opened, the walls and ceiling push the fluid out of the compartments into microfluidic channels. The system has five useful characteristics: (i) it is made using soft lithographic techniques; (ii) it allows multiple reagents to be preloaded in devices and stored under pressure without any additional user intervention; (iii) it makes it possible to meter out fluids in devices, and to control rates of flow of fluids; (iv) it prevents the user from exposure to potentially toxic reagents; and (v) it is hand-operated and does not require additional equipment or resources.
Simulation of Rarefied Gas Transport and Profile Evolution in Nonplanar Substrate Chemical Vapor Deposition (1994)

A simulation model is presented for nonplanar CVD over device feature scale structures. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method is used to describe the rarefied gas transport in a localized region above the feature. A new approach is outlined to simulate the evolution of the film profile which provides dynamic step‐coverage performance and microstructural detail of the growing film. The method allows simulations of nonequilibrium effects resulting from rarefaction of the gas above surface features. Results of a parametric study are presented for deposition within a long narrow trench and a cylindrical contact hole. The parameters investigated include the reactive sticking coefficient, the surface mobility of the adsorbed reactants, the Knudsen number (the ratio of the mean‐free path to the feature scale), the feature aspect ratio and feature geometry. A sample calculation is presented for deposition over a square hole structure to demonstrate the extension to realistic three‐dimensional structures.
Are cationic antimicrobial peptides also ‘double-edged swords’? (2008)

The present view focuses on the possibility that cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) might, in addition to their killing effects due to permeabilization of microbial membranes, also function similarly to beta-lactam antibiotics to activate nascent autolytic wall enzymes, leading to bacteriolysis. Since the massive release of microbial cell wall components is a major cause of postinfectious sequelae, the in vivo process of bacteriolysis must be controlled. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, CAMPs might be useful as an alternative to antibiotics. However, they should be used with caution, since they might also function as a 'double-edged sword' by injuring both the bacteria and host.
Limits of pulse shortening in solitary lasers (1992)

The influence of dispersive pulse-broadening effects on femtosecond pulse formation in solid-state lasers has been investigated. Empirical formulas are derived from computer simulations, which permits the estimation of the magnitude of performance-limiting effects in practical solid-state systems.
Nonisothermal kinetic analysis of the chemiluminescence from tetramethyl‐1,2‐dioxetane (1981)

Abstract A computerized method is given for the evaluation of Arrhenius parameters which describe the chemiluminescent decomposition of tetramethyl‐1,2‐dioxetane. The parameters were determined in several solvents by linear regression methods and the equation ln ln \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ [(\sum\nolimits_0^\infty I - \sum\nolimits_0^t I)/(\sum\nolimits_0^\infty I - \sum\nolimits_0^t I - \sum\nolimits_0^{t + \Delta t} I)] = \ln\, (A_1 \Delta t) - E_1 /RT$\end{document} , where I refers to photons counted by increments of Δ t , and E 1 and A are the first‐order Arrhenius parameters. The average of E 1 and log A 1 (s −1 ) from this method from six runs in CCl 4 with initial concentrations of 4.9 × 10 −5 ‐8.45 × 10 −4 M were 27.21 ± 0.88 kcal/mol (113.7 ± 3.7 kJ/mol) and 13.88 ± 0.50, respectively. Simulated curves of chemiluminescence versus time were obtained with the use of a computer program and an auxiliary plotter.
Use of a mutant cell line to study the kinetics and function of O-linked glycosylation of low density lipoprotein receptors. (1988)

A rapidly reversible defect in protein O-glycosylation exhibited by a line of mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was used to study the kinetics and function of O-glycosylation of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The mutant line, genotype LDLD, cannot synthesize UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine under normal culture conditions and, therefore, cannot add mucin-type O-linked oligosaccharides to proteins. The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine pools in LDLD cells can be filled rapidly when N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the culture medium, thus restoring normal synthesis of O-linked carbohydrates. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling experiments were used to show that (i) the first step in the O-glycosylation of LDL receptors can occur posttranslationally; (ii) after O-linked sugar-deficient LDL receptors reach the cell surface, they are not subject to subsequent O-linked sugar addition, suggesting that they do not return to compartments in which O-glycosylation takes place; (iii) O-linked carbohydrate chains on the LDL receptor itself are required for normal stability and function; and (iv) the instability of the O-linked sugar-deficient LDL receptor is due to proteolytic cleavage and the release into the medium of the bulk of the NH2-terminal extracellular domain of the receptor. It appears that O-glycosylation of the LDL receptor and several other cell surface glycoproteins permits stable cell-surface expression by preventing proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domains of these proteins.
Behavioral Pathways Explaining Oral Health Disparity in Children (2010)

Policymakers' understanding of and ability to reduce health disparities are pivotal for health promotion worldwide. This study aimed to verify the behavioral pathways leading to oral health disparities. Oral examinations were conducted for 1782 randomly selected preschoolers (3-6 yrs), and 1576 (88.4%) participants were followed up after 12 months. Parents were surveyed on their knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practices (P) regarding their children's oral health homecare (infant feeding, diet, and oral hygiene) and dental attendance. Structural equation modeling substantiated the links between specific KAs and corresponding practices, while generic KA did not affect practices. KAP pathways partly explained the ethnic and socio-economic disparities in oral health. Deprivation had a direct effect (not mediated by KA) on dental attendance, but not on oral health homecare. Ethnicity directly influenced oral health homecare practices, but not dental attendance. These behavioral pathways, furthering our understanding of health disparity, may have practical implications for health promotion and policy-making.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Radical Addition on a Heteroaromatic Nitrogen. A Convenient Access to New Pyrimidine Derivatives. (2010)

Abstract Radicals generated on the side chain of 2‐ or 4‐N‐alkylamino‐4,6‐ or 2,6‐dichloropyrimidines can cyclize via the nitrogen or the carbon atom of the pyrimidine ring depending on its position and on whether an acetyl or a Boc group is present.
Role of programmed cell death in carcinogenesis. (1993)

Cells possess within their repertoire of genetic programs the ability not only to proliferate and be functionally active, but also to activate and undergo a process of self-induced destruction. This process, called programmed cell death, involves a genetic reprogramming of the cell that results in an energy-dependent cascade of biochemical and morphological changes within the cell that result in its death and elimination. Activation of this programmed death process is controlled by a series of endogenous cell-type-specific signals. In addition, a variety of exogenous cell-damaging treatments (e.g., radiation, chemicals, and viruses) can activate this pathway if sufficient injury to the cell occurs. Because a cell must undergo a series of molecular changes to acquire the malignant phenotype and because these changes are often induced by agents or treatment that damage the cell over an extended period of time, anything that enhances the survival of initiated/damaged cells will promote the carcinogenic process. This paper presents an overview of the regulation and mechanism of programmed cell death and how derangement of this regulation may be involved in carcinogenesis.
Polarimetric analysis of mm-wave propagation for advanced beamforming applications (2015)

Pencil-beam forming techniques based on large antenna arrays are becoming a crucial asset to cope with the very high throughput density requirements and high path-loss constraints of future millimeter-wave gigabit-wireless applications. Directional, polarimetric 60 GHz indoor measurements are used in the present work to modify and calibrate a 3D ray tracing model and in particular to tune the embedded effective-roughness diffuse scattering model. The potential of polarimetric beamforming is then evaluated through system simulation in simple, reference cases using the ray tracing model as a propagation-prediction engine.
Open-Vessel Microwave-Mediated [2+2+2]-Cyclotrimerization Reactions (2009)

[2+2+2]-Cyclotrimerization reactions often suffer from low reaction rates and low chemoselectivity. We are reporting a solution to both problems through the use of open-vessel conditions for microwave-mediated cyclotrimerization reactions.
TU‐A‐12A‐04: Quantitative Texture Features Calculated in Lung Tissue From CT Scans Demonstrate Consistency Between Two Databases From Different Institutions (2014)

Purpose: To evaluate the consistency of computed tomography (CT) scan texture features, previously identified as stable in a healthy patient cohort, in esophageal cancer patient CT scans. Methods: 116 patients receiving radiation therapy (median dose: 50.4Gy) for esophageal cancer were retrospectively identified. For each patient, diagnostic‐quality pre‐therapy (0‐183 days) and post‐therapy (5‐120 days) scans (mean voxel size: 0.8mm×0.8mm×2.5mm) and a treatment planning scan and associated dose map were collected. An average of 501 32×32‐pixel ROIs were placed randomly in the lungs of each pre‐therapy scan. ROI centers were mapped to corresponding locations in post‐therapy and planning scans using the displacement vector field output by demons deformable registration. Only ROIs with mean dose &lt;5Gy were analyzed, as these were expected to contain minimal post‐treatment damage. 140 texture features were calculated in pre‐therapy and post‐therapy scan ROIs and compared using Bland‐Altman analysis. For each feature, the mean feature value change and the distance spanned by the 95% limits of agreement were normalized to the mean feature value, yielding normalized range of agreement (nRoA) and normalized bias (nBias). Using Wilcoxon signed rank tests, nRoA and nBias were compared with values computed previously in 27 healthy patient scans (mean voxel size: 0.67mm×0.67mm×1mm) acquired at a different institution. Results: nRoA was significantly (p&lt;0.001) larger in cancer patients than healthy patients. Differences in nBias were not significant (p=0.23). The 20 features identified previously as having nRoA&lt;20% for healthy patients had the lowest nRoA values in the current database, with an average increase of 5.6%. Conclusion: Despite differences in CT scanner type, scan resolution, and patient health status, the same 20 features remained stable (i.e., low variability and bias) in the absence of disease changes for databases from two institutions. Identification of these features is the first step towards quantifying radiation‐induced changes between preand post‐therapy scans. Supported, in part, by NIH Grant Nos. S10 RR021039, and P30 CA14599, the Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research, Imaging Research Institute, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, and The Institute for Translational Medicine Pilot Award, The University of Chicago.
Energy-Efficient Pulse-Based Convolution for Near-Sensor Processing (2020)

Near-sensor convolution engines have many applications in Internet-of-Things. Pulsed unary processing has been recently proposed for high-performance and energy-efficient processing of data using simple digital logic. In this work, we propose a low-cost, high-performance, and energy-efficient near-sensor convolution engine based on pulsed unary processing. The proposed engine removes the necessity of using costly analog-to-digital converters. Synthesis results show that the proposed pulse-based design significantly improves the hardware cost and energy consumption compared to the conventional fixed-point binary and also to the stochastic computing-based designs.