gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate grain size and orientation of Cu and Cu–Ni foils used for the growth of graphene films (2011)

Graphene growth on Cu foils by catalytic decomposition of methane forms predominantly single-layer graphene films due to the low solubility of carbon in Cu. On the other hand, graphene growth on Cu–Ni foils can result in the controlled growth of few-layer graphene films because of the higher solubility of carbon in Ni. One of the key issues for the use of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition for device applications is the influence of defects on the transport properties of the graphene. For instance, growth on metal foil substrates is expected to result in multidomain graphene growth because of the presence of grains within the foil that exhibit a variety of surface terminations. Therefore, the size and orientation of the grains within the metal foil should influence the defect density of the graphene. For this reason, we have studied the effect of total anneal time and temperature on the orientation and size of grains within Cu foils and Cu–Ni alloy foils with a nominal concentration of 90/10 by weight. The graphene growth procedure involves preannealing the foil in a H2 background followed by the graphene growth in a CH4/H2 atmosphere. Measurements of the substrate grain size have been performed with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These results show typical lateral dimensions ranging from a few millimeters up to approximately a centimeter for Cu foils annealed at 1030 °C for 35 min and from tens of microns up to a few hundred microns for the 90/10 Cu–Ni foils annealed at 1050 °C for times ranging from 45 to 90 min. The smaller grains within the Cu–Ni foils are attributed to the higher melting point of the Cu–Ni alloy. The crystallographic orientation within each substrate grain was studied with electron backscatter diffraction, and shows that the preferred orientation for the Cu foil is primarily toward the (100) surface plane. For the 90/10 Cu–Ni foils, the orientation of the surface of the grains is initially toward the (110) plane and shifts into an orientation midway between the (100) and (111) planes as the anneal time is increased.
A Wood‐Strand Material for Wind Erosion Control: Effects on Total Sediment Loss, PM10 Vertical Flux, and PM10 Loss (2009)

Fugitive dust from eroding land poses risks to environmental quality and human health, and thus, is regulated nationally based on ambient air quality standards for particulate matter with mean aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm (PM10) established in the Clean Air Act. Agricultural straw has been widely used for rainfall-induced erosion control; however, its performance for wind erosion mitigation has been less studied, in part because straw is mobile at moderate wind velocities. A wood-based long-strand material has been developed for rainfall-induced erosion control and has shown operational promise for control of wind-induced erosion and dust emissions from disturbed sites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of both agricultural straw and wood-strand materials in controlling wind erosion and fugitive dust emissions under laboratory conditions. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to compare wood strands of several geometries to agricultural wheat straw and bare soil in terms of total sediment loss, PM10 vertical flux, and PM10 loss. Results indicate that the types of wood strands tested are stable at wind speeds of up to 18 m s(-1), while wheat straw is only stable at speeds of up to 6.5 m s(-1). Wood strands reduced total sediment loss and PM10 emissions by 90% as compared to bare soil across the range of wind speeds tested. Wheat straw did not reduce total sediment loss for the range of speeds tested, but did reduce PM10 emissions by 75% compared to a bare soil at wind speeds of up to 11 m s(-1).
On stabilized finite element methods for the Stokes problem in the small time step limit (2006)

Abstract Recent studies indicate that consistently stabilized methods for unsteady incompressible flows, obtained by a method of lines approach may experience difficulty when the time step is small relative to the spatial grid size. Using as a model problem the unsteady Stokes equations, we show that the semi‐discrete pressure operator associated with such methods is not uniformly coercive. We prove that for sufficiently large (relative to the square of the spatial grid size) time steps, implicit time discretizations contribute terms that stabilize this operator. However, we also prove that if the time step is sufficiently small, then the fully discrete problem necessarily leads to unstable pressure approximations. The semi‐discrete pressure operator studied in the paper also arises in pressure‐projection methods, thereby making our results potentially useful in other settings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Bioluminescence evaluation of efficacy of oncolytic treatment with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (2009)

e14536 Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor that arises from multipotent cells of the pleura. Chemotherapy and radiation have very limited therapeutic effects, and average survival time after diagnosis varies between 10 and 16 months. Immunotherapy, gene therapy (oncolytic viral therapy), and photodynamic therapy offer alternative treatment options, with promising results in animal studies. In the following study, the oncolytic efficacy of Newcastle disease virus (NDV(F3aa)-GFP) on MPM is tested and investigated by bioluminescence imaging. Methods: NDV(F3aa)-GFP was tested for viral cytotoxicity at different multiplicities of infection (MOI) against several mesothelioma cell lines in vitro by analyzing release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase. For in vivo studies, MSTO 211H cells were transduced with firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase (FLuc)- encoding cDNAs (MSTO td 211H). Tumor-bearing animals (1e 7 cells injected intrapleurally) were treated with either single or multiple doses of NDV(F3aa)-GFP (1e 7 plaque-forming units) at different time points (days 1, 3, and 10) and followed by bioluminescence imaging. Results: Mesothelioma cell lines exhibited susceptibility to NDV lysis in the following order of sensitivity: MSTO 211H&gt;MSTO td 211H&gt;H-2452&gt;VAMT&gt;JMN. The cell lines H-2052, H-2373, and HMESO were not sensitive to viral treatment. In vivo studies with MSTO td 211H cells showed complete response to viral therapy in &gt;75% of the animals, resulting in eradication of tumor detected by bioluminescence imaging at day 10 after treatment. Control animals were sacrificed after 23 days due to tumor burden, while &gt;72% of the virally treated animals survived &gt;50 days after tumor injection. No signs of toxicity were observed in the treatment group. In addition, multiple treatment showed a significantly better response compared with single treatment (p=0.005). Conclusions: NDV appears to be an efficient viral oncolytic agent in therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma in a murine model, and warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
General Microwave‐Assisted Protocols for the Expedient Synthesis of Quinoxalines and Heterocyclic Pyrazines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Image Restoration Using Total Variation Regularized Deep Image Prior (2019)

In the past decade, sparsity-driven regularization has led to significant improvements in image reconstruction. Traditional regularizers, such as total variation (TV), rely on analytical models of sparsity. However, increasingly the field is moving towards trainable models, inspired from deep learning. Deep image prior (DIP) is a recent regularization framework that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture without data-driven training. This paper extends the DIP framework by combining it with the traditional TV regularization. We show that the inclusion of TV leads to considerable performance gains when tested on several traditional restoration tasks such as image denoising and deblurring.
The two-domain architecture of LAMP2A within the lysosomal lumen regulates its interaction with HSPA8/Hsc70 (2022)

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a unique proteolytic pathway, in which cytoplasmic proteins recognized by HSPA8/Hsc70 (heat shock protein 8) are transported into lysosomes for degradation. LAMP2A (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A) recruits the substrate/chaperone complex to the lysosome membrane. The structure of LAMP2A comprises a large lumenal domain composed of two homologous subdomains (N-domain and C-domain, both with the β-prism fold), a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Although the homophilic interaction between LAMP2A molecules and the interaction between HSPA8 and LAMP2A have been suggested, whether the interactions are direct or mediated by other molecules has remained to be elucidated. We investigated the interactions by using expanded genetic code technologies that generate photo-crosslinking and/or steric hindrance at specified interfaces in mammalian cells. The results suggested that LAMP2A molecules assemble by facing each other with one side of the β-prism in their C-domains. We also detected the photo-crosslinking between the cytoplasmic tail of LAMP2A and HSPA8, revealing this direct interaction. We found that the truncation of the N-domain reduced the amount of HSPA8 that coimmunoprecipitates with LAMP2A. Our present results suggest that the two-domain architecture of the lumenal domains of LAMP2A underlies the interaction with HSPA8 at the cytoplasmic surface of the lysosome.
Abstract 2133: In vivo efficacy of PSMA ADC in castration-resistant prostate cancer. (2013)

Abstract Docetaxel treatment prolongs survival of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa); however, the overall survival advantage still remains low. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have proven to be a viable approach for targeting cytotoxic agents to tumor cells to increase efficacy and minimize negative side effects. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed by CRPCa cells and neovasculature surrounding non-prostatic solid tumors, and is currently under investigation as a therapeutic target. The objective of our studies was to evaluate the efficacy of an investigational agent, PSMA ADC, consisting of a fully human anti-PSMA antibody linked to monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) to inhibit CRPCa in a preclinical setting. LuCaP 96CR, a model of CRPCa, was used in our study. Animals bearing subcutaneous LuCaP 96CR were treated for four weeks, once weekly with PSMA-ADC or with PSMA antibody and free MMAE. PSMA ADC significantly decreased tumor volumes in the high-PSMA expressing LuCaP 96CR. Tumor volume (TV) of the ADC treated groups were only 10-14% of TV in the control group and only 2-3% at the time of sacrifice. The inhibition of tumor growth was more pronounced with the PSMA ADC treatment than with the unconjugated antibody and free MMAE. The inhibitory effects lasted for six weeks after cessation of the treatment when the animals were sacrificed. Importantly, no significant negative side effects were associated with the PSMA ADC treatment. The effects of PSMA ADC on additional xenografts with moderate and low PSMA expression, including those derived from soft tissue and bone metastases, are currently under investigation. We also performed a gene expression analysis of 24 LuCaP xenografts that reflect the highly diverse and heterogeneous nature of PCa in patients. This analysis revealed associations between the expression of PSMA and a number of genes involved in glutamate and glutamate decarboxylase pathways (i.e., glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1 and GLUD2; and GAD1 respectively) suggesting potential pathways associated with PSMA function. In summary PSMA ADC possesses potent antitumor activity in the LuCaP 96CR model with no significant negative side effects. Furthermore, correlates of PSMA expression may suggest a biological role of PSMA within the tumor environment influencing survival, proliferation and migration of tumor cells by alterations in the glutamatergic pathway. Evaluation of PSMA ADC efficacy in additional clinically relevant LuCaP models is ongoing, as well as investigation of the biology of PSMA in CRPCa. Citation Format: Vincent A. DiPippo, Holly M. Nguyen, Robert L. Vessella, Ilsa M. Coleman, Peter S. Nelson, William C. Olson, Eva Corey. In vivo efficacy of PSMA ADC in castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2133. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2133
All-Fiber Format Compression of Frequency Chirped Pulses in Air-Guiding Photonic Crystal Fibers (2004)

Air-cored, photonic band-gap crystal fibers exhibiting low nonlinearity and anomalous chromatic dispersion in spectral ranges inaccessible to conventional fibers can be used in the realization of all-fiber-format pulse compressors with unprecedented peak powers and wavelength diversity. Linear compression of inherently chirped and prestretched pulses by factors ranging from 20 to 80 around 1.0 and 1.5 microm have allowed generation of pulses as short as 163 fs. The results show that totally integrated femtosecond fiber laser sources can be realized throughout the visible and near-infrared and point to the possibility of megawatt peak and tens of watt average in-fiber power levels.
Synchronous Monitoring of Cement Hydration and Polymer Film Formation Using 1H-Time-Domain-NMR with T2 Time-Weighted T1 Time Evaluation: A Nondestructive Practicable Benchtop Method (2021)

The interactions between latex and cement are still not completely understood. In this work, we would like to address the temporal changes in cement hardening and latex film formation. For this reason, the hydration process and the film formation were simultaneously monitored. This scientific issue is even more challenging as a nondestructive quantitative analysis of the film formation process is not available yet. Here, we report on simultaneous monitoring of the latex film formation and the phase development in cementitious systems via <sup>1</sup>H-time-domain-NMR for the first time. The obtained results were validated using classical analytical methods, such as in situ X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence (Rietveld analysis), and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Dynamic characteristics model of bi-directional DC-DC converter using state-space averaging method (2012)

In the fields of using green energy such as EV power system and the PV system, the bi-directional DC-DC converter, which is used to control the charge and discharge of batteries, is now attracting more and more attention. In the bi-directional DC-DC converter for the battery charger, the response characteristics and stability of one are key points for the performance of the whole system. However, it is complex to analyze the dynamic characteristics and control design, because both of forward direction mode and reverse direction mode of the converter have to be considered. In this paper, the simplified dynamic model of the bi-directional DC-DC converter is presented. Transfer functions of the converter are derived by using the state-space averaging method. And, the frequency characteristics of the converter for both of buck mode and boost mode are discussed. Finally, experimental results are shown to confirm the validity of the proposed dynamic model of the converter.
DISCUSSION. A COMPARISON BETWEEN PRESTRESSED-CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER REPEATED LOADING. (1963)

Paper was exceedingly well documented, it was inevitable that there were certain details which were not given but on which information was of interest. Was anything known of the fatigue characteristics of the steel? Was anything known of the fatigue characteristics of concrete in compression?
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Facilitated Suzuki Reactions: Application to 2‐Heterocyclic Boronates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of embedded memory and logic based on pattern constructs (2011)

Design rules become ineffective for interfacing layout design and manufacturing when complex lithography sources are used for sub-20nm patterning. Experiments demonstrate feasibility of a construct-based design that facilitates control of process capabilities and captures layout dependent variations. Results for early 14nm patterning experiments are shown for logic and memory circuits.
76-Gb/s Highly Spectrally Efficient 22 MIMO 60-GHz RoF System Employing I/Q Imbalance Compensation (2013)

A 2×2 OFDM-MIMO RoF system with high spectral efficiency is experimentally demonstrated at 60 GHz. 76.4-Gb/s data transmission over 25-km fiber and 3.5-m wireless distance was achieved by using zero-forcing, I/Q-mismatch compensation and bit-loading algorithms.
A General and Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,2-cis-Hexofuranosides from 1,2-trans-Thiofuranosyl Donors (2000)

The general formation of 1,2-trans-thioglycofuranosides derived from D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose was readily accomplished starting from the corresponding alkyl glycofuranosides via per-O-acetyl-hexofuranoses as key synthons. Glycosidation of ethyl or phenyl perbenzylated 1,2-trans-thiofuranosides afforded disaccharides containing a nonreducing 1,2-cis-hexofuranosyl unit, i.e. α-D-galactosyl, α-D-glucosyl or β-D-mannosyl, with interesting diastereoselectivities. Activation of the thiofuranosyl donors was performed by N-iodosuccinimide and a catalytic amount of tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Value-based healthcare delivery through metabolomics-based personalized health platform (2020)

Type 2 diabetes is routinely identified in clinical practice by tests that rely on a hyperglycemic index. However, people at risk for developing type 2 diabetes may not present with hyperglycemia. We identified several underlying risks for type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and associated co-morbidities, using a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based analysis of blood metabolites, in participants with normoglycemia and no clinical symptoms. Personalized lifestyle recommendations, including diet, exercise, and nutritional supplement recommendations, were conveyed to these participants by a web-based platform, and after 100 days of following their recommendations, these participants reported reductions in the health risks associated with type 2 diabetes and associated diseases. Our comprehensive metabolite-based assay can be used for type 2 diabetes risk stratification, and our personalized lifestyle recommendation system could be deployed as a preventative treatment option to improve health outcomes, reduce the incidence of chronic disease, and live healthier lives in an evidence-based way.
Bidentate N,O‐Prolinate Ruthenium Benzylidene Catalyst Highly Active in RCM of Disubstituted Dienes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A heuristic method for statistical digital circuit sizing (2006)

In this paper we give a brief overview of a heuristic method for approximately solving a statistical digital circuit sizing problem, by reducing it to a related deterministic sizing problem that includes extra margins in each of the gate delays to account for the variation. Since the method is based on solving a deterministic sizing problem, it readily handles large-scale problems. Numerical experiments show that the resulting designs are often substantially better than one in which the variation in delay is ignored, and often quite close to the global optimum. Moreover, the designs seem to be good despite the simplicity of the statistical model (which ignores gate distribution shape, correlations, and so on). We illustrate the method on a 32-bit Ladner-Fischer adder, with a simple resistor-capacitor (RC) delay model, and a Pelgrom model of delay variation.
Selective inhibition of topoisomerases from Pneumocystis carinii compared with that of topoisomerases from mammalian cells (1994)

Type I and II topoisomerase activities were partially purified from Pneumocystis carinii. The catalytic (strand-passing) activities of both enzymes were selectively inhibited by members of a series of dicationic-substituted bis-benzimidazoles compared with those of topoisomerases of mammalian (calf thymus) origin. The most active inhibitors of the parasite enzymes were also highly effective in an in vivo animal model of P. carinii pneumonia. Selected dicationic-substituted bis-benzimidazoles also strongly inhibited the induction of the topoisomerase I- and II-mediated cleavable complex, suggesting that the biologically active DNA minor groove-binding molecules inhibit the enzyme-DNA binding step of the topoisomerase reaction sequence. The apparent selectivities for the parasite enzymes and the low levels of toxicity to mammalian cells for the biologically active bis-benzimidazoles suggest that these compounds hold promise as effective therapeutic agents in the treatment of a life-threatening AIDS-related disease, P. carinii pneumonia.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVENIENT PREPARATIONS OF 1,2,3,4,5‐PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENE AND 1‐ETHYL‐2,3,4,5‐TETRAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENE (1976)

Abstract Butyl‐(2)‐tig1at (I), dargestellt mit 93 bzw. 89% Ausbeute durch Veresterung der Tiglinsäure oder durch Reaktion von Tigloylchloridt mit Butanol‐(2), wird zu dem Cyclopentenon (II) cyclisiert , das mit Methyllithium und Dehydratation des dabei entstehenden Alkohols nach bekannten Methoden zu der Pentamethyltitelverbindung (III) reagiert.
Comparison of Outer-Membrane Protein Subtypes and Biotypes of Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae Type b (1981)

Journal Article Comparison of Outer-Membrane Protein Subtypes and Biotypes of Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Get access Stephen J. Barenkamp, Stephen J. Barenkamp Division of Infectious Diseases, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Stephen J. Barenkamp, Washington University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 14871, St. Louis, Missouri 63178. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert S. Munson, Jr., Robert S. Munson, Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dan M. Granoff Dan M. Granoff Division of Infectious Diseases, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 144, Issue 5, November 1981, Page 480, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/144.5.480 Published: 01 November 1981