gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and characterization of a balloon-borne diffraction-limited submillimeter telescope platform for BLAST-TNG (2018)

The Next Generation Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST-TNG) is a submillimeter mapping experiment planned for a 28 day long-duration balloon (LDB) flight from McMurdo Station, Antarctica during the 2018-2019 season. BLAST-TNG will detect submillimeter polarized interstellar dust emission, tracing magnetic fields in galactic molecular clouds. BLAST-TNG will be the first polarimeter with the sensitivity and resolution to probe the ∼0.1 parsec-scale features that are critical to understanding the origin of structures in the interstellar medium. With three detector arrays operating at 250, 350, and 500 &mu;m (1200, 857, and 600 GHz), BLAST-TNG will obtain diffraction-limited resolution at each waveband of 30, 41, and 59 arcseconds respectively. To achieve the submillimeter resolution necessary for its science goals, the BLAST-TNG telescope features a 2.5 m aperture carbon fiber composite primary mirror, one of the largest mirrors flown on a balloon platform. Successful performance of such a large telescope on a balloon-borne platform requires stiff, lightweight optical components and mounting structures. Through a combination of optical metrology and finite element modeling of thermal and mechanical stresses on both the telescope optics and mounting structures, we expect diffractionlimited resolution at all our wavebands. We expect pointing errors due to deformation of the telescope mount to be negligible. We have developed a detailed thermal model of the sun shielding, gondola, and optical components to optimize our observing strategy and increase the stability of the telescope over the flight. We present preflight characterization of the telescope and its platform.
Imaging Enterobacterales infections in patients using pathogen-specific positron emission tomography (2021)

<i>Enterobacterales</i> represent the largest group of bacterial pathogens in humans and are responsible for severe, deep-seated infections, often resulting in sepsis or death. They are also a prominent cause of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections, and some species are recognized as biothreat pathogens. Tools for noninvasive, whole-body analysis that can localize a pathogen with specificity are needed, but no such technology currently exists. We previously demonstrated that positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-d-sorbitol (<sup>18</sup>F-FDS) can selectively detect <i>Enterobacterales</i> infections in murine models. Here, we demonstrate that uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-FDS by bacteria occurs via a metabolically conserved sorbitol-specific pathway with rapid in vitro <sup>18</sup>F-FDS uptake noted in clinical strains, including MDR isolates. Whole-body <sup>18</sup>F-FDS PET/computerized tomography (CT) in 26 prospectively enrolled patients with either microbiologically confirmed <i>Enterobacterales</i> infection or other pathologies demonstrated that <sup>18</sup>F-FDS PET/CT was safe, could rapidly detect and localize <i>Enterobacterales</i> infections due to drug-susceptible or MDR strains, and differentiated them from sterile inflammation or cancerous lesions. Repeat imaging in the same patients monitored antibiotic efficacy with decreases in PET signal correlating with clinical improvement. To facilitate the use of <sup>18</sup>F-FDS, we developed a self-contained, solid-phase cartridge to rapidly (<10 min) formulate ready-to-use <sup>18</sup>F-FDS from commercially available 2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-d-glucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) at room temperature. In a hamster model, <sup>18</sup>F-FDS PET/CT also differentiated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia from secondary <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> pneumonia-a leading cause of complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. These data support <sup>18</sup>F-FDS as an innovative and readily available, pathogen-specific PET technology with clinical applications.
The Role of Defects in the Formation of Mesoporous Silica Fibers, Films, and Curved Shapes (1998)

The main goal of this research news article is to describe how different kinds of topological defects that exist in a silicate liquid crystal seed can initiate and direct the growth of particular forms of mesoporous silica. This avenue of investigation emerged from the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and polarized optical microscopy (POM) studies of hexagonal mesoporous silica fibers, films, and curved shapes, which delineated the essential relations between synthesis conditions, morphology, bulk and surface mesostructure, and optical birefringence textures.[1–3] While SEMs of faceted mesoporous silica first appeared in 1992,[4] the recognition, understanding, and significance of morphogenesis of mesoporous silica with curved shapes emerged in a series of papers from our laboratory.
Cell receptors for the mammalian reovirus. IV. Reovirus-specific cytolytic T cell lines that have idiotypic receptors recognize anti-idiotypic B cell hybridomas. (1985)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc) cell lines specific for reovirus type 3 lysed an uninfected B cell hybridoma line, 87.92.6, that expresses and secretes an anti-idiotypic antibody that reacts with an anti-viral hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody, 9BG5. Monoclonal anti-idiotype 87.92.6 was shown by fluorescence analysis to specifically bind to reovirus Tc and to block reovirus-specific Tc from killing reovirus-infected target cells or the 87.92.6 hybridoma. An anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody, M17, interfered with Tc-mediated lysis of reovirus-infected targets and the 87.92.6 cells, indicating the similarity of cellular interactions mediated by LFA-1 structures when Tc bind to virally infected targets or 87.92.6 targets. Together with studies in which anti-H2 or monoclonal idiotypic antibodies were found to interfere with reovirus-specific Tc recognition of virally infected or 87.92.6 targets, these experiments indicate that some reovirus-specific Tc have conformations in their receptor that can be recognized by anti-idiotype.
Extended gain bandwidth low ripple hybrid Raman-parametric amplifier design for PON applications (2012)

A hybrid Raman-OPA amplifier with 190 nm bandwidth, and &#60;4dB gain ripple is described. We also show that inclusion of the forth order dispersion coefficient is critical for the correct optimization of the gain bandwidth of the hybrid amplifier.
LETMD1 Regulates Phagocytosis and Inflammatory Responses to Lipopolysaccharide via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and NF-κB Activation in Macrophages (2020)

LETM1 domain-containing protein 1 (LETMD1), also known as HCCR-1, is a mitochondrial protein and is known to regulate p53 and STAT3 activities in cancer cells. In this study, we present, for the first time (to our knowledge), data indicating that LETMD1 suppresses multiple immune responses in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells and mouse primary macrophages. Attenuation of LETMD1 expression with specific small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA constructs enhanced LPS-induced expressions of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. In addition, LETMD1 attenuation caused potentiation of phagocytosis as well as migration in a macrophage-like cell line, U937. These enhancing effects were associated with altered activation of signaling adaptors (such as NF-κB, MAPKs, p53, and JAK-STAT) involved in TLR4 signaling. Especially, LETMD1 selectively regulated TLR4-induced NF-κB activation via MyD88 but not via TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF). Attenuation of LETMD1 expression caused mitochondrial hyperpolarization and subsequent decrease in ATP production and increase in mitochondrial/cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium levels. LETMD1 attenuation also enhanced LPS-induced expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, the main producer of cellular ROS in phagocytes, through augmenting IFN regulatory factor 1. Accordingly, treatment with ROS scavenger, NOX2 suppressing agents, or calcium chelators resulted in suppression of LPS-induced cytokine production as well as NF-κB activation in cells with LETMD1 attenuation. These findings reveal a previously unknown function of LETMD1 and provide evidences showing LETMD1 negatively regulates macrophage functions by modulating mitochondrial function, subsequent ROS generation, and NF-κB activation.
Analisi di Melt ad alta risoluzione (High Resolution Melt Analysis, HRMA): nuovo metodo di screening per il gene PKD2 in famiglie con malattia autosomica dominante del rene policistico (2012)

La malattia autosomica dominante del rene policistico è la principale causa genetica di insufficienza renale cronica e presenta un’incidenza di circa 1:1000 nati vivi. è riconducibile per l’85% a mutazioni in PKD1 e per il restante 15% in PKD2. L’ADPKD è caratterizzata da reni bilateralmente ingranditi e numerose cisti. Attualmente, l’ecografia è il metodo di screening preferenzialmente utilizzato per la diagnosi di ADPKD. Poiché la formazione delle cisti renali è un processo etàdipendente, la diagnosi ecografica può produrre risultati falsi negativi in soggetti giovani. Di conseguenza, il test genetico risulta un valido aiuto nei casi in cui la diagnostica per immagine non sia chiara, in particolar modo nei soggetti giovani e nello screening dei potenziali donatori consanguinei. Questo lavoro propone la messa a punto di un metodo di screening genetico basato sull’analisi di Melt ad alta risoluzione (HRMA) del gene PKD2. L’HRMA consiste nell’amplificazione della sequenza di interesse in presenza di un fluoroforo che si intercala al DNA a doppio filamento e sfrutta la diversa temperatura di Melt delle sequenze nucleotidiche e il loro differente comportamento di dissociazione, durante la denaturazione termica. Ogni amplicone è caratterizzato da un andamento e una temperatura di Melt caratteristici e sequenza-specifici; pertanto, amplificati che differiscono nella loro sequenza sono caratterizzati da profili diversi che li rendono distinguibili e permettono l’individuazione di variazioni. Per ciascun amplicone di PKD2 si sono messi a punto le condizioni di amplificazione e il range di analisi HRM, in modo da individuare le condizioni migliori, le più riproducibili e le maggiormente utili ed efficaci per la ricerca di mutazione e lo studio di polimorfismi. Sperimentalmente, la messa a punto delle condizioni ottimali è stata eseguita valutando complessivamente i dati eseguendo l’analisi su controlli sani wildtype, precedentemente sequenziati. Durante la fase di messa a punto si sono valutati: il livello di amplificazione, la quantità e la qualità di amplificato prodotto, ovvero l’assenza di aspecifici di amplificazione e l’unicità del picco di Melt. Tutte le dodici variazioni precedentemente identificate tramite il sequenziamento diretto sono state rivelate e individuate anche dall’analisi con HRM, evidenziando una concordanza del 100% tra i due metodi. Dal nostro punto di vista e sulla base dei risultati ottenuti, si può concludere che l’analisi con HRM può essere considerata un ottimo strumento di screening per la ricerca di mutazioni per il gene PKD2, in quanto presenta facilità nella preparazione dei campioni, velocità di analisi, costo ridotto, efficacia, sensibilità e specificità idonee per la ricerca di varianti note e non note in questo gene.
A Second Pilus Type in Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Prevalent in Emerging Serotypes and Mediates Adhesion to Host Cells (2008)

Analysis of publicly available genomes of Streptococcus pneumoniae has led to the identification of a new genomic element containing genes typical of gram-positive pilus islets (PIs). Here, we demonstrate that this genomic region, herein referred to as PI-2 (consisting of pitA, sipA, pitB, srtG1, and srtG2) codes for a second functional pilus in pneumococcus. Polymerization of the PI-2 pilus requires the backbone protein PitB as well as the sortase SrtG1 and the signal peptidase-like protein SipA. Presence of PI-2 correlates with the genotype as defined by multilocus sequence typing and clonal complex (CC). The PI-2-positive CCs are associated with serotypes 1, 2, 7F, 19A, and 19F, considered to be emerging serotypes in both industrialized and developing countries. Interestingly, strains belonging to CC271 (where sequence type 271 is the predicted founder of the CC) contain both PI-1 and PI-2, as revealed by genome analyses. In these strains both pili are surface exposed and independently assembled. Furthermore, in vitro experiments provide evidence that the pilus encoded by PI-2 of S. pneumoniae is involved in adherence. Thus, pneumococci encode at least two types of pili that play a role in the initial host cell contact to the respiratory tract and are potential antigens for inclusion in a new generation of pneumococcal vaccines.
Oxidative Polymerizabilities of Substituted Aromatic Amines in Aqueous Solutions of Iron Chelates (1969)

酸素共存下,p-フェニレンジアミン(PD)とアニリソ(An)を銅ピリジン系で反応させると,ポリ(アゾフェニレン)の生成が抑制され,4,4'-ジアミノアゾベンゼン(2量体)が生成してくる。2量体の収率は反応温度が高いほど大きく,触媒(銅ピリジン)濃度に逆比例するが,系のモル比[An]/[PD]=1.0において極大を示す。2量体生成に及ぼすアニリン以外のモノアミン添加効果は塩基度の順序(p-トルイジン>アニリン>p-ニトロアニリン)となる。
Kinetics of successive seeding of monodisperse polystyrene latexes. I - Initiation via potassium persulfate. II - Azo initiators with and without inhibitors (1986)

The polymerization kinetics of monodisperse polystyrene latexes with diameters of 1 micron are studied. The monodisperse latexes were prepared by the successive seeding method using 1 mM K2S2O8 with an 8 percent emulsifier surface coverage and 0.5 mM K2S2O8 with a 4 percent emulsifier surface coverage, and the kinetics were measured in a piston/cylinder dialometer. The data reveal that the polymerization rate decreases with increasing particle size; and the surface charge decreases with increasing particle size. The effects of initiators (AIBN and AMBN) and inhibitors (NH24SCN, NaNO2, and hydroquinone) on the product monodispersity and polymerization kinetics of latexes with diameters greater than 1 micron are investigated in a second experiment. It is observed that hydroquinone combined with AMBN are most effective in reducing nucleation without causing flocculation. It is noted that the kinetic transition from emulsion to bulk is complete for a particle size exceeding 1 micron in which the polymerization rate is independent of the particle size.
Relationship between Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea and Intestinal Microbiome Composition (2023)

Background and Aim: Fluoropyrimidines (FPs) are key drugs in many chemotherapy regimens; however, recipients are often prone to diarrhea due to gastrointestinal toxicity. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier function by FPs leads to dysbiosis, which may exacerbate intestinal epithelial cell damage as a secondary effect and trigger diarrhea. However, despite studies on chemotherapy-induced changes in the intestinal microbiome of humans, the relationship between dysbiosis and diarrhea is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and the intestinal microbiome. Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective observational study. Twenty-three patients who received chemotherapy, including FPs as first-line chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, were included. Stool samples were collected before the start of chemotherapy and after one cycle of treatment to analyze intestinal microbiome composition and perform PICRUSt predictive metagenomic analysis. Results: Gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 7 of 23 patients (30.4%), diarrhea was observed in 4 (17.4%), and nausea and anorexia were observed in 3 (13.0%). In 19 patients treated with oral FPs, the α diversity of the microbial community decreased significantly following chemotherapy only in the diarrheal group. At the phylum level, the diarrheal group showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes and a significant increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes with chemotherapy (p = 0.013 and 0.011, respectively). In the same groups, at the genus level, Bifidobacterium abundance was significantly decreased (p = 0.019). In contrast, in the non-diarrheal group, Actinobacteria abundance increased significantly with chemotherapy at the phylum level (p = 0.011). Further, Bifidobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, and Dorea abundance significantly increased at the genus level (p = 0.006, 0.019, and 0.011, respectively). The PICRUSt predictive metagenomic analysis revealed that chemotherapy caused significant differences in membrane transport in KEGG pathway level 2 and in 8 KEGG pathway level 3, including transporters and oxidative phosphorylation in the diarrhea group. Conclusion: Organic-acid-producing bacteria seem to be involved in diarrhea associated with chemotherapy, including FPs.
DEVELOPING PHOTOACTIVATED LOCALIZATION MICROSCOPY (PALM) (2007)

In conventional biological imaging, diffraction places a limit on the minimal xy distance at which two marked objects can be discerned. Consequently, resolution of target molecules within cells is typically coarser by two orders of magnitude than the molecular scale at which the proteins are spatially distributed. Photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) optically resolves selected subsets of protect fluorescent probes within cells at mean separations of <25 nanometers. It involves serial photoactivation and subsequent photobleaching of numerous sparse subsets of photoactivated fluorescent protein molecules. Individual molecules are localized at near molecular resolution by determining their centers of fluorescent emission via a statistical fit of their point-spread-function. The position information from all subsets is then assembled into a super-resolution image, in which individual fluorescent molecules are isolated at high molecular densities. In this paper, some of the limitations for PALM imaging under current experimental conditions are discussed.
Electrotactile touch surface by using transparent graphene (2012)

In this work we present a flexible Electrostatic Tactile (ET) surface/display realized by using new emerging material graphene. The graphene is transparent conductor which successfully replaces previous solution based on indium-thin oxide (ITO) and delivers more reliable solution for flexible and bendable displays. The electrostatic tactile surface is capable of delivering programmable, location specific tactile textures. The ET device has an area of 25 cm2, and consists of 130 μm thin optically transparent (>76%) and mechanically flexible structure overlaid unobtrusively on top of a display. The ET system exploits electro vibration phenomena to enable on-demand control of the frictional force between the user's fingertip and the device surface. The ET device is integrated through a controller on a mobile display platform to generate fully programmable range of stimulating signals. The ET haptic feedback is formed in accordance with the visual information displayed underneath, with the magnitude and pattern of the frictional force correlated with both the images and the coordinates of the actual touch in real time forming virtual textures on the display surface (haptic virtual silhouette). To quantify rate of change in friction force we performed a dynamic friction coefficient measurement with a system involving an artificial finger mimicking the actual touch. During operation, the dynamic friction between the ET surface and an artificial finger stimulation increases by 26% when the load is 0.8 N and by 24% when the load is 1 N.
Compositionally tuned hybridization of n-type Ag0 : Ag2Se under ambient conditions towards excellent thermoelectric properties at room temperature (2023)

Compositionally tuned hybridization of n-type Ag 0 : Ag 2 Se is achieved under ambient conditions via an aqueous synthetic approach in the absence of surfactants towards excellent thermoelectric properties at room temperature.
GERMINATION RATE OF PENNISETUM GLAUCUM SEEDLING IN FUCTION OF SALINE STRESS, GROWTH AND BIOMASS OF AERIAL PART AND ROOT (2019)

Millet is an annual cycle plant, with C4 metabolism, tolerant to water deficit, and it is cultivated in regions with scarcity of rain. The objective was to evaluate the germination of the millet seedling in function of saline stress, growth and biomass of the aerial part and the root system. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates, with the unit being represented by seeds of millet. The treatments were constituted by solutions with addition of NaCl corresponding to 2.337, 4.674 and 7.011 g/L, respectively for the electrical conductivities 4.0; 8.0; 12.0 dS/m and 0 dS/m (distilled water) as control. The millet cultivar used in this experiment was the IPA Bulk 1BF. The mean germination rate of seedlings in relation to control salinity level was higher than 90%, while for level of 12 dS.m-1 salinity there was no germination. The fitted model presented a high coefficient of determination (pseudo-R²= 90.96%) and low sum of squares of residuals (SSR=0.26). The beta regression model proved to be an appropriate option to analyse the millet seedling germination rate after 72 hours in function of salinity level, length of the root system and dry mass of the aerial part.
Analysis of dispersion and impedance properties of infrared impedance surfaces (2013)

A stratified structure which supports the propagation of infrared surface waves is designed. The dispersion and impedance characteristics of the surface waves are studied in detail for an array of square patches. The field propagation of basic TE and TM modes at different frequencies are studied. The impedance of the unit cell is evaluated for the frequency of 28.24 THz (λ=10.6 μm).
A critical assessment of experimental investigation of dynamic recrystallization of metallic materials (2020)

Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) often takes place during hot deformation of metallic materials, which then exerts significant influence on the final microstructures and mechanical properties of the formed components. A considerable number of published papers related to DRX, however, suffer from non-negligible flaws originating from inappropriate experimental design. In this paper, the sources of these flaws are critically assessed, including the misinterpretation of DRX mechanisms, the strain localization on tested samples, the neglected post dynamic recrystallization and possible phase transformations which mask the real hot deformation microstructure. Solutions to eliminate or quantify these disturbing factors during DRX studies are suggested, yielding more accurate approaches to investigate DRX behaviour of metallic materials.
All‐Carbon Electronic Devices Fabricated by Directly Grown Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes (2010)

A simple method for fabrication of all carbon CNT-rGO devices was developed, where the individual long-aligned SWCNT directly grew by CVD to connect with rGO electrodes scratched by non-metal objects.