gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Power Assist System for Sinusoidal Motions Utilizing Mechanical Elastic Elements -Theoretical Investigation and Experimental Verification of Robustness- (2008)

In this paper, we conducted theoretical investigation and experimental verification of robustness on a power assist system that utilizes stiffness optimization of a mechanical elastic element. This power assist system amplifies torque of its operator and optimizes the stiffness automatically to minimize torque of an actuator in the case of sinusoidal motions. The theoretical investigation clarified physical meanings of all terms of the controller, which realizes the torque amplification and the automatic stiffness optimization. Some experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed power assist system even when some physical parameters of the controlled object are not known precisely.
Tetraspanin CD151 regulates α6β1 integrin adhesion strengthening (2003)

The tetraspanin CD151 molecule associates specifically with laminin-binding integrins, including alpha6beta1. To probe strength of alpha6beta1-dependent adhesion to laminin-1, defined forces (0-1.5 nN) were applied to magnetic laminin-coated microbeads bound to NIH 3T3 cells. For NIH 3T3 cells bearing wild-type CD151, adhesion strengthening was observed, as bead detachment became more difficult over time. In contrast, mutant CD151 (with the C-terminal region replaced) showed impaired adhesion strengthening. Static cell adhesion to laminin-1, and detachment of beads coated with fibronectin or anti-alpha6 antibody were all unaffected by CD151 mutation. Hence, CD151 plays a key role in selectively strengthening alpha6beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion to laminin-1.
Clover - Measuring the CMB B-mode polarization (2007)

We describe the objectives, design and predicted&#13;\nperformance of Clover, a fully-funded, UK-led experiment to&#13;\nmeasure the B-mode polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave&#13;\nBackground (CMB). Three individual telescopes will operate at 97, 150 and 225 GHz, each populated by up to 256 horns. The detectors, TES bolometers, are limited by unavoidable photon noise, and coupled to an optical design which gives very low systematic errors, particularly in cross-polarisation. The telescopes will sit on three-axis mounts on a site in the Atacama Desert. The angular resolution of around 8´ and sky coverage of around 1000 deg2 provide multipole coverage of 20&lt;ℓ&lt;1000. Combined with the high sensitivity, this should allow the B-mode signal to be measured (or constrained) down to a level corresponding to a tensor-to-scalar ratio of r = 0.01, providing the emission from polarised foregrounds can be subtracted. This&#13;\nin turn will allow constraints to be placed on the energy scale of inflation, providing an unprecedented insight into the early history of the Universe.
Abstract 549: The IgG4 hinge with CD28 transmembrane domain mediates CAR dimerization and improves the activity of glypican 1-targeted CAR T cells in pancreatic cancer (2022)

Abstract Low antigen density has been suggested as a major cause of insufficient antitumor activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The impact of the hinge and the transmembrane (TM) domain on modulating CAR T cell reactivity is important to investigate. Here, we isolated a camel nanobody D4 recognizing glypican 1 (GPC1), a cell surface proteoglycan that is expressed in pancreatic cancer. We constructed a series of D4 4-1BBζ CARs differing only by their hinge (CD8 or IgG4) and TM (CD8 or CD28). D4 CARs containing a mutated IgG4 hinge and the CD28 TM, but not CD8 hinge with either TM, formed dimers in human T cells and resulted in improved stability of the CAR extracellular domain in a 3D structure model. The CAR dimerization increased phosphorylation of T cell signaling molecules, activated non-canonical NF-κB signaling after antigen stimulation. Consequently, the D4-IgG4 hinge-CD28TM CAR T cells triggered the most cytokine secretion and showed the best reactivity against low GPC1-expressing pancreatic tumor cells among all the D4 CARs in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, a CAR with mutations of the two cysteine residues in the IgG4 hinge disrupted CAR dimerization, damaged the formation of TM, and resulted in the loss of improved reactivity. Furthermore, adding extra spacers of CH3 or CH2CH3 between IgG4 hinge and CD28TM CAR attenuated the CAR activity. By optimizing the hinge and TM, our data indicated that 4-1BBζ CAR T cell activity can be optimized against low antigen density tumors. Citation Format: Nan Li, Dan Li, Jiajia Pan, Raul Cachau, Mitchell Ho. The IgG4 hinge with CD28 transmembrane domain mediates CAR dimerization and improves the activity of glypican 1-targeted CAR T cells in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 549.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Chemotherapy Acts as an Adjuvant to Convert the Tumor Microenvironment into a Highly Permissive State for Vaccination-Induced Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1120K, Effect of chemotherapy on the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)&lt;/p&gt;
Ultrahigh Green and Red Optical Gain Cross Sections\nfrom Solutions of Colloidal Quantum Well Heterostructures (2020)

Optical gain in solution, which provides high photostability as a result of\ncontinuous regeneration of the gain medium, is extremely attractive for\noptoelectronic applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate amplified\nspontaneous emission (ASE) in solution with ultralow thresholds of 30\nmikroJ/cm2 in red and of 44 mikroJ/cm2 in green from engineered colloidal\nquantum well (CQW) heterostructures. For this purpose, CdSe/CdS core/crown\nCQWs, designed to hit the green region, and CdSe/CdS/CdxZn1-xS\ncore/crown/gradient-alloyed shell CQWs, further tuned to reach the red region\nby shell alloying, were employed to achieve high-performance ASE in the\nvisible. The net modal gain of these CQWs reaches 530 cm-1 for the green and\n201 cm-1 for the red, two orders of magnitude larger than those of colloidal\nquantum dots (QDs) in solution owing to intrinsically larger gain\ncross-sections of these CQWs. To explain the root cause for ultrahigh gain\ncoefficient in solution, we show that for the first time that the gain\ncross-sections of these CQWs is 3.3x10-14 cm2 in the green and 1.3x10-14 cm2 in\nthe red which are two orders magnitude larger compared to those of CQDs. These\nfindings confirm the extraordinary prospects of these solution-processed CQWs\nas solution-based optical gain media in lasing applications.\n
Primary Prevention of Sudden Death With Implantable Defibrillator Therapy in Patients With Cardiac Disease (2001)

S udden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health problem in North America, responsible for approximately 400 000 deaths annually. Most episodes of SCD in ambulatory populations result from ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 3 whereas bradyarrhythmias may be important in some populations, notably hospitalized patients with advanced heart failure 4 (Figure A prior article in this series by Zipes and Wellens 2 provides a detailed review of the pathogenesis of SCD, its underlying causes, and treatment strategies.
Digital Circuit Optimization via Geometric Programming (2005)

This paper concerns a method for digital circuit optimization based on formulating the problem as a geometric program (GP) or generalized geometric program (GGP), which can be transformed to a convex optimization problem and then very efficiently solved. We start with a basic gate scaling problem, with delay modeled as a simple resistor-capacitor (RC) time constant, and then add various layers of complexity and modeling accuracy, such as accounting for differing signal fall and rise times, and the effects of signal transition times. We then consider more complex formulations such as robust design over corners, multimode design, statistical design, and problems in which threshold and power supply voltage are also variables to be chosen. Finally, we look at the detailed design of gates and interconnect wires, again using a formulation that is compatible with GP or GGP.
Unsupervised segmentation of conversational transcripts (2009)

Abstract Contact centers provide dialog‐based support to organizations to address various customer‐related issues. We have observed that calls at contact centers mostly follow well‐defined patterns. Such call flows could specify how an agent should proceed in a call, handle objections, persuade customers, follow compliance issues, etc., and could also help to structure the operational process of call handling. Automatically identifying such patterns in terms of distinct segments from a collection of transcripts of conversations would improve productivity of agents as well as enable easy verification of whether calls comply with guidelines. Call transcripts from call centers typically tend to be noisy owing to the noise arising from agent/caller distractions, and errors introduced by the speech recognition engine. Such noise makes classical text segmentation algorithms such as TextTiling, which work on each transcript in isolation, very inappropriate. But such noise effects become statistically insignificant over a corpus of similar calls. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to segment conversational transcripts in an unsupervised way utilizing corpus level information of similar call transcripts. We show that our approach outperforms the classical TextTiling algorithm and also describes ways to improve the segmentation using limited supervision. We discuss various ways of evaluating such an algorithm. We apply the proposed algorithm to a corpus of transcripts of calls from a car reservation call center and evaluate it using various evaluation measures. We apply segmentation to the problem of automatically checking the compliance of agents and show that our segmentation algorithm considerably improves the precision. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Longer-term RBC transfusion reduction in the phase III MEDALIST study of luspatercept in patients (pts) with lower-risk MDS with ring sideroblasts (RS). (2020)

7518 Background: MEDALIST (NCT02631070) is a randomized, placebo (PBO)-controlled, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of luspatercept, a first-in-class erythroid maturation agent, in pts with anemia due to lower-risk MDS (LR-MDS) with RS (Fenaux &amp; Platzbecker et al. NEJM. 2020;382:140-51). Methods: Pts were aged ≥ 18 years; had IPSS-R-defined Very low-, Low-, or Intermediate-risk MDS with RS; were refractory, intolerant, or unlikely to respond to ESAs; and required RBC transfusions (≥ 2 units/8 weeks in the 16 weeks prior to randomization). 229 pts were randomized 2:1 to luspatercept (1.0 mg/kg, titration to 1.75 mg/kg) or PBO subcutaneously every 3 weeks. This analysis evaluates long-term transfusion burden reduction with luspatercept in all pts in the MEDALIST trial. Results: As of July 1, 2019, 77/153 (50.3%) and 11/76 (14.5%) pts in the luspatercept and PBO arms, respectively, achieved ≥ 50% RBC transfusion burden reduction for ≥ 24 weeks ( P &lt; 0.0001). The median longest single response episode was 131.6 weeks with luspatercept, and not estimable with PBO due to pts stopping treatment. In Weeks 9–24, mean change from baseline in RBC units transfused was −3.0 (95% CI −3.9, −2.1) vs +0.4 (95% CI −0.6, 1.4) in the luspatercept vs PBO arms. In Weeks 33–48, mean change in RBC units transfused in the luspatercept arm was −4.9 (95% CI −5.9, −3.9). In Weeks 1–24, mean number of transfusion visits was 5.9 vs 9.5 in the luspatercept vs PBO arms. Risk of recurrent transfusion visits in Weeks 1–24 for luspatercept vs PBO was 0.699 (95% CI 0.597, 0.819; P &lt; 0.0001). Mean number (least squares [LS] mean) of RBC units transfused/48 weeks during Weeks 1–48 was 22.89 (23.28) vs 35.98 (35.20) in luspatercept vs PBO arms (LS mean difference −11.92 [95% CI −15.55, −8.28]; P &lt; 0.0001). The mean number (LS mean) of RBC transfusion events over 48 weeks was 12.95 (13.14) vs 19.54 (19.15) in the luspatercept vs PBO arms (LS mean difference −6.00 [95% CI −8.16, −3.85]; P &lt; 0.0001). LS mean change from baseline in serum ferritin was −2.7 µg/L vs +226.5 µg/L in luspatercept vs PBO (LS mean difference −229.1 µg/L; P = 0.0024) in Weeks 9–24; and −72.0 µg/L vs +247.4 µg/L in Weeks 33–48 (LS mean difference −319.5 µg/L; P = 0.0294). In Weeks 1–24, 38/127 (29.9%) vs 5/65 (7.7%) pts ( P = 0.0005) achieved major HI-E response per IWG 2018 criteria in luspatercept vs PBO arms, respectively. Conclusions: Luspatercept demonstrated clinical efficacy in pts with LR-MDS with RS and was associated with significant reductions in RBC transfusions (≥ 50%) and serum ferritin. Clinical trial information: NCT02631070 .
Plasmonic waveguides cladded by hyperbolic metamaterials (2014)

Strongly anisotropic media with hyperbolic dispersion can be used for claddings of plasmonic waveguides (PWs). In order to analyze the fundamental properties of such waveguides, we analytically study 1D waveguides arranged from a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) in a HMM-Insulator-HMM (HIH) structure. We show that HMM claddings give flexibility in designing the properties of HIH waveguides. Our comparative study on 1D PWs reveals that HIH-type waveguides can have a higher performance than MIM or IMI waveguides.
Supplementary Data - Materials and Methods from Epigenetically Regulated Chromosome 14q32 miRNA Cluster Induces Metastasis and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data - Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Exploiting Web Search Engines to Search Structured Information (2009)

The response to daptomycin of three strains of Staphylococcus aureus (one of which was methicillin-resistant) and a strain of Enterococcus faecalis was investigated by continuous turbidimetric monitoring. Daptomycin caused partial inhibition of bacterial growth at concentrations well below those suppressing growth overnight. The activity of the drug was more than 200-fold greater in the presence of a physiological concentration of calcium (2.5 mmol/l) than in its absence. Variants present in cultures inhibited by daptomycin were shown to exhibit decreased susceptibility to the drug and the susceptibility declined further on repeat exposure; however, there was a slow but incomplete reversion to susceptibility on sequential subculture in drug-free broth. Resistance was difficult to induce when the concentration of calcium in the broth exceeded 2.5 mmol/l.
All-optical three-dimensional electron pulse compression (2014)

We propose an all-optical, three-dimensional electron pulse compression scheme in which Hermite-Gaussian optical modes are used to fashion a three-dimensional optical trap in the electron pulse's rest frame. We show that the correct choices of optical incidence angles are necessary for optimal compression. We obtain analytical expressions for the net impulse imparted by Hermite-Gaussian free-space modes of arbitrary order. Although we focus on electrons, our theory applies to any charged particle and any particle with non-zero polarizability in the Rayleigh regime. We verify our theory numerically using exact solutions to Maxwell's equations for first-order Hermite-Gaussian beams, demonstrating single-electron pulse compression factors of $&gt;10^{2}$ in both longitudinal and transverse dimensions with experimentally realizable optical pulses. The proposed scheme is useful in ultrafast electron imaging for both single- and multi-electron pulse compression, and as a means of circumventing temporal distortions in magnetic lenses when focusing ultrashort electron pulses.
First Steps in the Development of an Expertise-Based Anthroposophic Complex Intervention for Oncological Treatment in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study (2020)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a prototype of an anthroposophic complex intervention (CI) for oncological patients in primary care. Methods: Standardized methods for the development of CIs were used. Qualitative data were collected among professionals (n = 44) working in 3 Dutch anthroposophic primary care centers. The following topics were discussed in interviews and panel discussions (n = 12): treatment phases, treatment dimensions, treatment goals, and content of the indicated treatments and therapies. In a multidisciplinary focus group (n = 23) completeness and comprehensibility of the CI, and integration in daily practice were addressed. Subsequently, the developed CI was tested on face validity (n = 21) and compared with conventional guidelines. Results: Professionals reached consensus about 4 oncological treatment phases, 4 anthroposophic treatment dimensions, and twelve general treatment goals. The following anthroposophic therapies were found to be suited for oncological patients in primary care: medication (eg, mistletoe preparations); nursing (eg, external embrocation); physiotherapy (eg, rhythmic massage); eurythmy therapy; dietetics; art therapy; and counseling. The content of each therapy must be tailored to the individual. Comparison with existing guidelines demonstrated added value and the ability to fit with conventional care. Discussion: Strengths of the developed CI prototype are its focus on primary care, its practical applicability, the use of validated research methods, and the check on face validity in 2 other Dutch anthroposophic primary care centers. Limitations are that no systematic literature review was done and patient experiences were not collected. Conclusions: An applicable prototype of an anthroposophic CI for oncological patients in primary care was developed. To complete the development of this CI, a systematic review of the literature is needed, feasibility should be tested, patient experiences need to be collected, and implementation should be initiated and monitored. Finally, development of a patient decision aid (PtDA) and a decision-making tool (DMT) are recommended.
An average-case analysis of the k-nearest neighbor classifier for noisy domains (1997)

This paper presents an average-case analysis of the fc-nearest neighbor classifier (k-NN). Our analysis deals with m-of-n// concepts, and handles three types of noise: relevant attribute noise, irrelevant attribute noise, and class noise. We formally compute the expected classification accuracy of fc-NN after a certain fixed number of training instances. This accuracy is represented as a function of the domain characteristics. Then, the predicted behavior of fc-NN for each type of noise is explored by using the accuracy function. We examine the classification accuracy of fc-NN at various noise levels, and show how noise affects the accuracy of fc-NN. We also show the relationship between the optimal value of k and the number of training instances in noisy domains. Our analysis is supported with Monte Carlo simulations.
Spin freezing into a disordered state in CaFeTi2O6 synthesized under high pressure (2018)

Double perovskites exhibit a variety of interesting phenomena due to numerous combinations of cation orderings and distortions. $\mathrm{CaMnT}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ and $\mathrm{CaFeT}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ are the only two discovered double perovskites that have the columnar type A-site ordering associated with the ${a}^{+}{a}^{+}{c}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ titling system. The former perovskite, synthesized recently, has a polar structure below ${T}_{c}$ and shows an unusual ferroelectricity. The latter, while synthesized decades ago, received less investigation. Here, we have synthesized $\mathrm{CaFeT}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ under high pressure and carried out thorough characterizations through measurements of x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), second harmonic generation (SHG), dc and ac magnetization, M\"ossbauer spectra, resistivity, thermoelectric power, and specific heat. Although the structural refinement of the XRD pattern cannot distinguish two possible tetragonal phases, SHG measurements help to rule out the possibility of a polar structure observed in $\mathrm{CaMnT}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$. Fitting the paramagnetic susceptibility to a Curie-Weiss law gives a negligible Weiss constant. The weak exchange interaction gives way to a dipole-dipole interaction and single-ion anisotropy. An anomaly at 1.2 K in the specific heat is too broad for a magnetic transition, but suggestive of a spin-ice-like state as in the pyrochlores. M\"ossbauer spectroscopy shows two distinct iron sites, as expected for the crystal structure. Both sites are occupied by high-spin $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}^{2+}$ as indicated by the isomer shift. The sharply different temperature dependence of the quadrupole splitting at the two iron sites can be well explained based on the local structural distortions from the refinement of XRD patterns. The line broadening associated with long spin-relaxation times is observed at 6 K as the spin freezing transition is approached from high temperatures.
Macroeconomic Inefficiencies are Ruining My ED Shift (2003)

It is no secret to anyone working in emergency medicine that our national health care non-system is again spiraling down toward a cyclic nadir. Hospitals in many urban areas are filled to capacity, and this has begun to spill backward into emergency departments. Like dominoes, ED gridlock causes prehospital divert that rolls from hospital to hospital across the community on busy days. Those of us who have been in the specialty long enough have seen this before. What causes this recurrent crisis? Is there anything emergency medicine can do?
(R)-(+)-Cyclohexyl(2-anisyl)methylphosphine (2001)

(R) [52885-02-6] C14H21OP (MW 236.29) InChI = 1S/C14H21OP/c1-15-13-10-6-7-11-14(13)16(2)12-8-4-3-5-9-12/h6-7,10-12H,3-5,8-9H2,1-2H3/t16-/m1/s1 InChIKey = NKAHLKJKYXHCFT-MRXNPFEDSA-N (S) [35144-03-7] InChI = 1S/C14H21OP/c1-15-13-10-6-7-11-14(13)16(2)12-8-4-3-5-9-12/h6-7,10-12H,3-5,8-9H2,1-2H3/t16-/m0/s1 InChIKey = NKAHLKJKYXHCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N (±) [36293-81-9] InChI = 1S/C14H21OP/c1-15-13-10-6-7-11-14(13)16(2)12-8-4-3-5-9-12/h6-7,10-12H,3-5,8-9H2,1-2H3 InChIKey = NKAHLKJKYXHCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (ligand for transition metal catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes;2 reagent for asymmetric Wittig3 and Baylis–Hillman reactions4) Alternate Name: (+)-CAMP. Preparative Method: by hydrogenation (5% Rh/C) of optically pure (2-anisyl)phenylmethylphosphine oxide5 followed by reduction of the phosphine oxide with Trichlorosilane.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: readily oxidized to the phosphine oxide and should be handled under N2 or Ar. This reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
Improving the efficiency of electrodeionization by means of magnetic ion exchange resins (2004)

Magnetic micro ion exchangers have been used in an electrodeionization cell within a magnetic field to prevent demixing of the ion exchange filling in the diluate chamber. Initial studies showed that the electrical resistance is an appropriate parameter to characterize the homogeneity of the mixed bed. In order to describe the effect of the magnetic field on magnetic ion exchangers, the electrical resistance of the cell has been determined prior to electrodeionization experiments. Experiments were conducted within and outside a magnetic field to evaluate the improvements. (orig.)