gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-Induced Graphene for Flexible and Embeddable Gas Sensors (2019)

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has received much attention since it enables simple and rapid synthesis of porous graphene. This work presents a robust direct-write LIG-based gas sensor, which senses gases based on thermal conductivity, similar to a katharometer sensor. The gas sensors are fabricated by lasing polyimide substrates with a 10.6 μm CO<sub>2</sub> laser to synthesize LIG. This enables the formation of flexible gas sensors which could be incorporated on a variety of surfaces. High surface area and thermal conductivity of the LIG results in rapid response times for all studied gases. The gas sensors are also embedded in cement to form a refractory composite material. These sensors are used to determine composition of various gas mixtures, such as N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, which are the most abundant gaseous species in flue gas. Thus, LIG based embeddable sensors could be incorporated in composites to enable electronically functional construction materials.
Inhaled Nanoformulated mRNA Polyplexes for Protein Production in Lung Epithelium (2019)

Noninvasive aerosol inhalation is an established method of drug delivery to the lung, and remains a desirable route for nucleic-acid-based therapeutics. In vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA has broad therapeutic applicability as it permits temporal and dose-dependent control of encoded protein expression. Inhaled delivery of IVT-mRNA has not yet been demonstrated and requires development of safe and effective materials. To meet this need, hyperbranched poly(beta amino esters) (hPBAEs) are synthesized to enable nanoformulation of stable and concentrated polyplexes suitable for inhalation. This strategy achieves uniform distribution of luciferase mRNA throughout all five lobes of the lung and produces 101.2 ng g −1 of luciferase protein 24 h after inhalation of hPBAE polyplexes. Importantly, delivery is localized to the lung, and no luminescence is observed in other tissues. Furthermore, using an Ai14 reporter mouse model it is identified that 24.6% of the total lung epithelial cell population is transfected after a single dose. Repeat dosing of inhaled hPBAE-mRNA generates consistent protein production in the lung, without local or systemic toxicity. The results indicate that nebulized delivery of IVT-mRNA facilitated by hPBAE vectors may provide a clinically relevant delivery system to lung epithelium. Keywords: biomaterials; gene delivery; inhalation; messenger RNA; topology
Design study to investigate the effect of curvature on gradient coil performance for localized regions of interest (2012)

Abstract In this study, a boundary element method has been implemented to design and analyze the performance of curved gradient coil geometries as a function of the degree of curvature over all three axes, with designs varying continuously from planar to full cylindrical. It was found that there is a monotonic increase in gradient performance with degree of curvature with little gain beyond half‐cylindrical coil geometries for a specific region of interest located 10 cm above the coil surface. The efficiencies of the half‐cylindrical geometry coils are 0.76 mT m −1 A −1 , 0.71 mT m −1 A −1 , and 0.76 mT m −1 A −1 for the x ‐, y ‐, and z ‐gradient axes, respectively, when scaled to 800 μH inductance. The gradient coils presented in this study would serve as anatomically specific gradient channels to be used in conjunction with larger, whole‐body coils to comprise a 6‐channel hybrid system. The function of these channels could include the ability to provide very high performance diffusion tensor imaging in a specified volume of tissue such as the breast, prostate, or posterior regions of the brain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 41B: 62–71, 2012
Low Frequency Active Power Oscillation Damping Using a MMCVSC HVDC link (2017)

This paper investigates the use of MMC HVDC for low frequency active Power Oscillations Damping (POD). The advantage of the MMC topology is that it the converter has an inherent energy storage capability and some of this capability can be used to store or release energy corresponding to active power oscillations without affecting the HVDC voltage level. The proposed MMC POD controller has been validated by PSCAD simulations. Results from the simulation studies reveal that the MMC can be used for low frequency active power oscillations damping.
An instrument for quantifying heterogeneous ice nucleation in multiwell plates using infrared emissions to detect freezing (2018)

Abstract. Low concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are thought to be important for the properties of mixed-phase clouds, but their detection is challenging. Hence, there is a need for instruments where INP concentrations of less than 0.01 L−1 can be routinely and efficiently determined. The use of larger volumes of suspension in drop assays increases the sensitivity of an experiment to rarer INPs or rarer active sites due to the increase in aerosol or surface area of particulates per droplet. Here we describe and characterise the InfraRed-Nucleation by Immersed Particles Instrument (IR-NIPI), a new immersion freezing assay that makes use of IR emissions to determine the freezing temperature of individual 50 µL droplets each contained in a well of a 96-well plate. Using an IR camera allows the temperature of individual aliquots to be monitored. Freezing temperatures are determined by detecting the sharp rise in well temperature associated with the release of heat caused by freezing. In this paper we first present the calibration of the IR temperature measurement, which makes use of the fact that following ice nucleation aliquots of water warm to the ice–liquid equilibrium temperature (i.e. 0 ∘C when water activity is ∼1), which provides a point of calibration for each individual well in each experiment. We then tested the temperature calibration using ∼100 µm chips of K-feldspar, by immersing these chips in 1 µL droplets on an established cold stage (µL-NIPI) as well as in 50 µL droplets on IR-NIPI; the results were consistent with one another, indicating no bias in the reported freezing temperature. In addition we present measurements of the efficiency of the mineral dust NX-illite and a sample of atmospheric aerosol collected on a filter in the city of Leeds. NX-illite results are consistent with literature data, and the atmospheric INP concentrations were in good agreement with the results from the µL-NIPI instrument. This demonstrates the utility of this approach, which offers a relatively high throughput of sample analysis and access to low INP concentrations.
Neurophysiological and Subjective Analysis of VR Emotion Induction Paradigm (2022)

The ecological validity of emotion-inducing scenarios is essential for emotion research. In contrast to the classical passive induction paradigm, immersive VR fully engages the psychological and physiological components of the subject, which is considered an ecologically valid paradigm for studying emotion. Several studies investigate the emotional responses to different VR tasks or games using subjective scales. However, little research regards VR as an eliciting material, especially when systematically analyzing emotional processes in VR from a neurophysiological perspective. To fill this gap and scientifically evaluate VR's ability to be used as an active method for emotion elicitation, we investigate the dynamic relationship between explicit information (subjective evaluations) and implicit information (objective neurophysiological data). A total of 28 participants are enlisted to watch eight VR videos while their SAM/IPQ scores and EEG data are recorded simultaneously. In ecologically valid scenarios, the subjective results demonstrate that VR has significant advantages for evoking emotion in arousal-valence. This conclusion is backed by our examination of objective neurophysiological evidence that VR videos effectively induce high-arousal emotions. In addition, we obtain features of critical channels and frequency oscillations associated with emotional valence, thereby validating previous research in more lifelike circumstances. In particular, we discover hemispheric asymmetry in the occipital region under high and low emotional arousal, which adds to our understanding of neural features and the dynamics of emotional arousal. As a result, we successfully integrate EEG and VR to demonstrate that VR is more pragmatic for evoking natural feelings and is beneficial for emotional research. Our research has set a precedent for new methodologies of using VR induction paradigms to acquire a more reliable explanation of affective computing.
Peptide lipidation stabilizes structure to enhance biological function (2013)

Medicines that decrease body weight and restore nutrient tolerance could improve human diabetes and obesity treatment outcomes. We developed lipid-acylated glucagon analogs that are co-agonists for the glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors, and stimulate weight loss and plasma glucose lowering in pre-diabetic obese mice. Our studies identified lipid acylation (lipidation) can increase and balance in vitro potencies of select glucagon analogs for the two aforementioned receptors in a lipidation site-dependent manner. A general capacity for lipidation to enhance the secondary structure of glucagon analogs was recognized, and the energetics of this effect quantified. The molecular structure of a lipid-acylated glucagon analog in water was also characterized. These results support that lipidation can modify biological activity through thermodynamically-favorable intramolecular interactions which stabilize structure. This establishes use of lipidation to achieve specific pharmacology and implicates similar endogenous post-translational modifications as physiological tools capable of refining biological action in means previously underappreciated.
Polymorphic Variation of the Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase 1 Gene Predicts Outcome in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (2010)

Preliminary results from this pilot genetic study of patients undergoing surgery for DDD suggests that the T allele at rs998259 of GCH1 may be associated with improved outcomes 1 year following surgery.
Positron emission tomography has a high negative predictive value for progression or early relapse for patients with residual disease after first-line chemotherapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (2008)

In the HD15 trial of the German Hodgkin Study Group, the negative predictive value (NPV) of positron emission tomography (PET) using [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was evaluated. A total of 817 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive BEACOPP-based chemotherapy. After completion of chemotherapy, residual disease measuring more than or equal to 2.5 cm in diameter was assessed by PET in 311 patients. The NPV of PET was defined as the proportion of PET(-) patients without progression, relapse, or irradiation within 12 months after PET review panel. The progression-free survival was 96% for PET(-) patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 94%-99%) and 86% for PET(+) patients (95% CI, 78%-95%, P = .011). The NPV for PET in this analysis was 94% (95% CI, 91%-97%). Thus, consolidation radiotherapy can be omitted in PET(-) patients with residual disease without increasing the risk for progression or early relapse compared with patients in complete remission. The impact of this finding on the overall survival at 5 years must be awaited. Until then, response adapted therapy guided by PET for HL patients seems to be a promising approach that should be further evaluated in clinical trials. This trial is registered at http://isrctn.org study as #ISRCTN32443041.
Quantum cryptography for optical networks: A systems perspective (2005)

In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time, the coexistence architectures which enable quantum cryptographic systems to use the emerging optical network infrastructure. A vision of a future network that combines classical optical communications with ultra-low power quantum signals over a shared, reconfigurable fiber infrastructure is illustrated. We have used a fiber quantum key distribution (QKD) system to experimentally measure the effective QKD throughput for various types of optical switch elements, including opto-mechanical, lithium niobate, and 2D MEMS. We have investigated QKD coexistence with a commercial EDFA-amplified DWDM system using the experimental setup. These results are an important first step for scaling QKD beyond dedicated point-to-point fiber links and provide a context for understanding the applicability of QKD to the broader optical networking environment.
Multisymbol data compression using a binary arithmetic coder (2002)

A multisymbol data compression method using a binary arithmetic coder (BAC) is proposed. After representing symbols into a binary format, each bit is sequentially coded by the BAC using a chain rule. The proposed method provides a slightly better compression ratio and much faster processing time than Witten&apos;s multisymbol arithmetic coder.
Keynote speeches [2 full artcile presentations] (2013)

Presents the full-length article "Low Energy Silicon Solution toward Smart and Sustainable Society" by Toshiaki Masuhara. The abstract follows: Low-voltage technology solutions for future IT systems are discussed. New SOTB CMOS transistors with small variation for Vth and Ion, new non-volatile memories for cache and data storage, atom switch for logic reconfiguration, and new carbon interconnect are discussed. Also presents the article "Low-Power Ultrahigh-Speed Wireless Communication with Short-Millimeter-Wave CMOS Technology" by Minoru Fujishima. The abstract follows: Recently, short-distance high-speed wireless communication using a 60 GHz band has been studied for mobile application. To realize higher-speed wireless communication while maintaining low power consumption for mobile application D-band (110-170 GHz) is promising since it can potentially provide a wider frequency band. Thus, we have studied D-band CMOS circuits to realize lowpower ultrahigh-speed wireless communication. In the D-band, however, since no sufficient device model is provided, research generally has to start from device modeling. In this paper, a 10 Gbps wireless transceiver with a power consumption of 98 mW is demonstrated using the 135 GHz band, where the architecture is optimized to realize both low power and high data transfer rate.
Vasculitis: Molecular Imaging by Targeting the Inflammatory Enzyme Myeloperoxidase (2011)

Molecular imaging targeting MPO can be a useful biomarker to noninvasively detect and confirm inflammation in vasculitis by using a murine model of Kawasaki disease.
Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cortisol to Sulfate of Dehydroepiandrosterone Molar Ratio Associated With Clinical Response to l-Theanine as Augmentation of Antipsychotic Therapy in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder Patients (2011)

These preliminary results indicate that circulating BDNF and cortisol-to-DHEAS*100 molar ratio may be involved in the beneficial clinical effects of L-theanine as augmentation of antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients.
The Transition to a Colonial Economy: Weavers, Merchants and Kings in South India, 1720–1800. ByPrasannan Parthasarathi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. xii + 165 pp. Figures, tables. Cloth, $55.00. ISBN 0–521–57042–5. (2002)

The Transition to a Colonial Economy: Weavers, Merchants and Kings in South India, 1720–1800. ByPrasannan Parthasarathi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. xii + 165 pp. Figures, tables. Cloth, $55.00. ISBN 0–521–57042–5. - Volume 76 Issue 2
Minimal residual disease detection in mantle cell lymphoma: methods and significance of four-color flow cytometry compared to consensus IGH-polymerase chain reaction at initial staging and for follow-up examinations (2008)

The sensitivity of four-color flow cytometry is comparable to that of IGH-polymerase chain reaction at initial staging but is less sensitive at follow-up after immuno-chemotherapy. Both techniques are highly valuable methods for accurate initial staging.
Modelling and characterisation of a VOA with different shutter thickness (2003)

In this work, we study the effect of the shutter thickness on the optical attenuation in an optomechanical variable optical attenuator. Both experimental and simulation results show a maximum in the received optical field with the shutter displacement, which increases at large shutter thickness. This behaviour has not been reported or analysed before.
Integrated analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in molecular subtypes of breast cancer (2013)

Aberrant DNA methylation of CpG islands, CpG island shores and first exons is known to play a key role in the altered gene expression patterns in all human cancers. To date, a systematic study on the effect of DNA methylation on gene expression using high resolution data has not been reported. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of MethylCap-sequencing data and Affymetrix gene expression microarray data for 30 breast cancer cell lines representing different breast tumor phenotypes. As well-developed methods for the integrated analysis do not currently exist, we created a series of four different analysis methods. On the computational side, our goal is to develop methylome data analysis protocols for the integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data on the genome scale. On the cancer biology side, we present comprehensive genome-wide methylome analysis results for differentially methylated regions and their potential effect on gene expression in 30 breast cancer cell lines representing three molecular phenotypes, luminal, basal A and basal B. Our integrated analysis demonstrates that methylation status of different genomic regions may play a key role in establishing transcriptional patterns in molecular subtypes of human breast cancer.
Manipulating the Bioenergetics of Alloreactive T Cells Causes Their Selective Apoptosis and Arrests Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2011)

Cells generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by glycolysis and by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite the importance of having sufficient ATP available for the energy-dependent processes involved in immune activation, little is known about the metabolic adaptations that occur in vivo to meet the increased demand for ATP in activated and proliferating lymphocytes. We found that bone marrow (BM) cells proliferating after BM transplantation (BMT) increased aerobic glycolysis but not OXPHOS, whereas T cells proliferating in response to alloantigens during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) increased both aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS. Metabolomic analysis of alloreactive T cells showed an accumulation of acylcarnitines consistent with changes in fatty acid oxidation. Alloreactive T cells also exhibited a hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increased superoxide production, and decreased amounts of antioxidants, whereas proliferating BM cells did not. Bz-423, a small-molecule inhibitor of the mitochondrial F(1)F(0) adenosine triphosphate synthase (F(1)F(0)-ATPase), selectively increased superoxide and induced the apoptosis of alloreactive T cells, which arrested established GVHD in several BMT models without affecting hematopoietic engraftment or lymphocyte reconstitution. These findings challenge the current paradigm that activated T cells meet their increased demands for ATP through aerobic glycolysis, and identify the possibility that bioenergetic and redox characteristics can be selectively exploited as a therapeutic strategy for immune disorders.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Baseline Plasma Tumor Mutation Burden Predicts Response to Pembrolizumab-based Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Development and validation of a plasma-based panel for mutation detection and assessment of TMB.&lt;/p&gt;
Chemorheological studies on a thermoset PU/clay nanocomposite system (2007)

Chemorheology of neat polyurethane (PU) system, composed of a diisocyanate and a polyol, and a PU/clay nanocomposite system with an organoclay 5 phr was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the polymerization behavior of both systems. The PU/clay nanocomposite system showed a faster polymerization rate than neat PU system. The rheological property change during isothermal and dynamic polymerization of both systems was measured using a rheometer to analyze chemorheology of them. A viscosity function that can describe viscosity change of a thermoset resin system during polymerization was adopted to analyze the viscosity data obtained from the rheometer. The PU/clay nanocomposite system had shorter gelation time than neat PU system. Structural analyses of the PU/clay nanocomposite were performed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM).
Comparison of PET reconstruction resolution recovery and post-reconstruction deconvolution for partial volume effect correction (PVC) in PET (2010)

International audience
DATA‐DRIVEN ANALYSIS OF EMOTION IN TEXT USING LATENT AFFECTIVE FOLDING AND EMBEDDING (2012)

Submitted to Special Issue on “ Computational Approaches to Analysis of Emotion in Text ” Guest editors: Diana Inkpen and Carlo Strapparava Initial publication: NAACL‐HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text , June 5, 2010, Los Angeles, CA Though data‐driven in nature, emotion analysis based on latent semantic analysis still relies on some measure of expert knowledge to isolate the emotional keywords or keysets necessary to the construction of affective categories. This makes it vulnerable to any discrepancy between the ensuing taxonomy of affective states and the underlying domain of discourse. This paper proposes a more general strategy which leverages two separate semantic levels: one that encapsulates the foundations of the domain considered, and one that specifically accounts for the overall affective fabric of the language. Exposing the emergent relationship between these two levels advantageously informs the emotion classification process. Empirical evidence suggests that this approach is promising for automatic emotion analysis in text. This bodes well for its deployability in a variety of applications, such as sentiment prediction.
Active Nanophotonics [Scanning the Issue] (2020)

Being able to manipulate and control light flows at small scales holds the promise to open groundbreaking opportunities for a variety of technologies. Consider, for instance, the challenges currently faced in the world of computing: as data rates and processing demands increase worldwide at an exponential rate, we are facing unsustainable increases in energy consumption associated with data centers and streaming providers. To address these challenges, optical computing and communications offer an interesting alternative to electronic-based systems. Using light for these purposes, however, is hindered by the fact that photons are not easily squeezed to volumes beyond the diffraction limit, i.e., below the wavelength scale, which would be required both to enable lowenergy computation at sufficiently high speeds and to match the degree of integration density available in electronic systems. Today, the field of optoelectronics, which combines highdensity electronic devices to process the data and low-energy data transport enabled by light, is growing at a very fast pace.