gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Sensitivity Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Serum Estrone and Estradiol (2008)

High-sensitivity measurement of serum estrogens is important in adult and pediatric endocrinology and oncology. We developed a high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for simultaneous measurement of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2). Aliquots of 200 muL of serum were spiked with internal standard, extracted, derivatized with dansyl chloride, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using 2-dimensional chromatographic separation. Total imprecision for the method was less than 11%; the limit of quantitation was 1 pg/mL. Reference intervals were established with samples from more than 900 healthy postmenopausal women, men, girls, and boys. Concentrations of estrogens in children reached adult levels by Tanner stage 3. In men and postmenopausal women, the median concentrations of total estrogens (E1 + E2) were 39 and 22 pg/mL, and the median E2/E1 ratios were 0.98 and 0.55, respectively. The method requires a small sample volume and has adequate sensitivity and specificity for analyzing estrogens in samples from postmenopausal women, men, and children.
LOSS OF FIXATION OF THE VOLAR LUNATE FACET FRAGMENT IN FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL PART OF THE RADIUS (2004)

The stability of comminuted fractures of the distal part of the radius with volar fragmentation is determined not only by the reduction of the major fragments but also by the reduction of the small volar lunate fragment. The unique anatomy of this region may prevent standard fixation devices for distal radial fractures from supporting the entire volar surface effectively. It is preferable to recognize the complexity of the injury prior to the initial surgical intervention and to plan accordingly.
Suppression of Ionic Liquid Gate-Induced Metallization of SrTiO3(001) by Oxygen (2013)

Ionic liquid gating of three terminal field effect transistor devices with channels formed from SrTiO3(001) single crystals induces a metallic state in the channel. We show that the metallization is strongly affected by the presence of oxygen gas introduced external to the device whereas argon and nitrogen have no effect. The suppression of the gating effect is consistent with electric field induced migration of oxygen that we model by oxygen-induced carrier annihilation.
Detecting Printed and Handwritten Partial Copies of Line Drawings Embedded in Complex Backgrounds (2009)

The partial copy is a kind of copy produced by cropping parts of original materials. Illegal users often use this technique for plagiarizing copyrighted materials. In addition, original parts are not necessarily copied intact but may be modified by various techniques, and embedded into other materials, which make the detection quite difficult. In this paper, we propose a method of copyright protection applicable to partial copies aiming at the protection of line drawings such as comics. In order to cope with handwritten partial copies, we apply local feature matching with a database of copyrighted line drawings. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only performs good for detecting printed copies of line drawings, but also has effectiveness on the detection of handwritten ones, even if partial copies are embedded in complex backgrounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Mammalian Topoisomerase II Inhibitory Activity of 1‐Cyclopropyl‐6,8‐ difluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐7‐(2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐pyridinyl)‐4‐oxo‐3 ‐ quinolinecarboxylic Acid (I) and Related Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Decades, Four Places and Four Concepts (2014)

Abstract Review: in peptide chemistry
Preparation of poly(1,4‐phenylene)s by electro‐oxidative polymerization (1995)

Abstract The effect of substituents on the electropolymerization of benzene derivatives and the redox properrties of the corresponding polymers were determined using Brown's substituent constants (σ + ). Electron‐donating groups lower the oxidation potential by which increase in the current efficiency was observed. However, stabilization of the produced cation radicals by the electron‐donating groups resulted in a decrease in the polymerization efficiency. The appropriate values of σ + for the efficient polymerization ranged near −1.5.
In Situ TEM Observation of Electrochemical Lithiation of Sulfur Confined within Inner Cylindrical Pores of Carbon Nanotubes (2015)

Lithium insertion into sulfur confined within 200 nm cylindrical inner pores of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was monitored in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This electrochemical reaction was initiated at one end of the S‐filled CNTs. The material expansion during lithiation was accommodated by the expansion into the remaining empty pore volume and no fracture of the CNT walls was detected. A sharp interface between the initial and lithiated S was observed. The reaction front was flat, oriented perpendicular to the confined S cylinder, and propagated along the cylinder length. Lithiation of S in the proximity of conductive carbon proceeded at the same rate as the one in the center of the pore, suggesting the presence of electron pathways at the Li 2 S/S interface. Density of states calculations further confirmed this hypothesis. In situ electron diffraction showed a direct phase transformation of S into nanocrystalline Li 2 S without detectable formation of any intermediates, such as polysulfides and LiS. These important insights may elucidate some of the reaction mechanisms and guide the improvements in the design of C–S nanocomposites for high specific energy Li–S batteries. The proposed use of conductive CNTs with tunable pore diameter as cylindrical reaction vessels for in situ TEM studies of electrochemical reactions proved to be highly advantageous and may help to resolve the ongoing problems in battery technology.
Near-Zero-Index Metamaterial Lens Combined With AMC Metasurface for High-Directivity Low-Profile Antennas (2014)

A high-gain reduced-profile antenna is designed by combining the effects of a near-zero-index volumetric metamaterial lens and an artificial magnetic conducting (AMC) ground plane. The AMC/metalens antenna design presented here has 20% reduced height over an equivalent metalens antenna with conventional metallic ground plane at the cost of reduced peak directivity and pattern bandwidth. Both the metamaterial unit cells and the mushroom-type AMC structure are designed independently and retuned in the presence of the other for optimal performance. The lens collimates the electromagnetic radiation of a dipole feed by refraction as well as via a Fabry-Perot cavity effect, with resulting gain and patterns that are better than either mechanism can achieve individually. Full wave simulations of the entire metamaterial and AMC structure with a feed dipole agree well with measurements of the fabricated design.
PGD2-CRTH2 Pathway Promotes Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis (2012)

Urinary excretion of lipocalin-type PGD(2) synthase (L-PGDS), which converts PG H(2) to PGD(2), increases in early diabetic nephropathy. In addition, L-PGDS expression in the tubular epithelium increases in adriamycin-induced nephropathy, suggesting that locally produced L-PGDS may promote the development of CKD. In this study, we found that L-PGDS-derived PGD(2) contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis via CRTH2-mediated activation of Th2 lymphocytes. In a mouse model, the tubular epithelium synthesized L-PGDS de novo after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). L-PGDS-knockout mice and CRTH2-knockout mice both exhibited less renal fibrosis, reduced infiltration of Th2 lymphocytes into the cortex, and decreased production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Furthermore, oral administration of a CRTH2 antagonist, beginning 3 days after UUO, suppressed the progression of renal fibrosis. Ablation of IL-4 and IL-13 also ameliorated renal fibrosis in the UUO kidney. Taken together, these data suggest that blocking the activation of CRTH2 by PGD(2) might be a strategy to slow the progression of renal fibrosis in CKD.
The London Position Statement of the World Congress of Gastroenterology on Biological Therapy for IBD With the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation: Pregnancy and Pediatrics (2010)

Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have similar rates of fertility to the general population, but have an increased rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with the general population, which may be worsened by disease activity. Infertility is increased in those undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in pregnancy is considered to be low risk and compatible with use during conception in men and women and during pregnancy in at least the first two trimesters. Infliximab (IFX) and certolizumab pegol are also compatible with breastfeeding, but safety data for adalimumab (ADA) are awaited. The safety of natalizumab during pregnancy is unknown. For children with Crohn's disease (CD), IFX is effective at inducing and maintaining remission. Episodic therapy is not as effective as scheduled infusions. Disease duration in children does not appear to affect the efficacy of IFX. IFX promotes growth in prepubertal and early pubertal Crohn's patients. It is also effective for the treatment of extraintestinal manifestations. ADA is effective for children with active CD and for maintaining remission, even if they have lost response to IFX, although there are fewer data. Vaccination of infants exposed to biological therapy in utero should be given at standard schedules during the first 6 months of life, except for live-virus vaccines such as rotavirus. Inactivated vaccines may be safely administered to children with IBD, even when immunocompromised.
Self-Defeating Personality Disorder (1995)

The clinical utility of the DSM-II-R-proposed diagnostic category self-defeating personality disorder (SDPD) was assessed through the presentation of prototypic case histories to American and British psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. The most frequent diagnoses assigned were SDPD and personality disorder not otherwise specified; no alternative diagnoses were consistently provided. More than one in two professionals reported treating patients with a condition similar to the SDPD cases, and approximately 65% of these patients were reported to be female. American and British nonpatients were also assessed through the administration of an SDPD self-report questionnaire. The results suggest that the reported high prevalence of SDPD in the practitioners' patients is not a result of the expression of a general personality trait, and the reported greater incidence of SDPD in women is not a reflection of a normal, culturally learned, female behavior pattern.
Parallel Deep Neural Network Training for Big Data on Blue Gene/Q (2016)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently been shown to significantly outperform existing machine learning techniques in several pattern recognition tasks. DNNs are the state-of-the-art models used in image recognition, object detection, classification and tracking, and speech and language processing applications. The biggest drawback to DNNs has been the enormous cost in computation and time taken to train the parameters of the networks-often a tenfold increase relative to conventional technologies. Such training time costs can be mitigated by the application of parallel computing algorithms and architectures. However, these algorithms often run into difficulties because of the cost of inter-processor communication bottlenecks. In this paper, we describe how to enable Parallel Deep Neural Network Training on the IBM Blue Gene/Q (BG/Q) computer system. Specifically, we explore DNN training using the data-parallel Hessian-free 2nd order optimization algorithm. Such an algorithm is particularly well-suited to parallelization across a large set of loosely coupled processors. BG/Q, with its excellent inter-processor communication characteristics, is an ideal match for this type of algorithm. The paper discusses how issues regarding programming model and data-dependent imbalances are addressed. Results on large-scale speech tasks show that the performance on BG/Q scales linearly up to 4,096 processes with no loss in accuracy. This allows us to train neural networks using billions of training examples in a few hours.
ER Effects on One-Sided Pattern Electrodes Sloping from a Shear Flow (2003)

We proposed one-sided pattern electrodes sloping from a shear flow as a new method to apply voltage to electrorheological (ER) fluids that change their rheology with an electric field. In this paper, we report ER effect with spiral form of one-sided pattern electrodes sloping from a shear flow.
Dynamic covalent chemistry in polymer networks: a mechanistic perspective (2019)

A selection of dynamic chemistries is highlighted, with a focus on the reaction mechanisms of molecular network rearrangements, and on how mechanistic profiles can be related to the mechanical and physicochemical properties of polymer materials.
An ultra-small three dimensional computational microscope (2014)

We present a computational approach that allows one to create microscopic images in 3D through a miniature, rigid cannula. Light rays propagate from one end of the cannula to the other resulting in a complex intensity distribution. This distribution is unique to the position of the source of the rays. By applying appropriate calibration and utilizing a nonlinear optimization algorithm, we computationally reconstructed images of objects with a minimum feature size of ∼5 μm. Preliminary experiments indicate that the sensitivity of the imaging technique can be as small as 100 nm in the transverse plane and ∼1 μm in the longitudinal direction. Since the cannula is only 14.7 mm long and 200 μm in diameter, this allows for highly miniaturized microscopes that utilize no optics and no scanning. Furthermore, since the images are obtained with just a single frame (no scanning), fast image acquisition is also feasible.
Transparent combination of rule-based and data-driven approaches in a speech understanding architecture (2003)

We describe a domain-independent semantic interpretation architecture suitable for spoken dialogue systems, which uses a decision-list method to effect a transparent combination of rule-based and data-driven approaches. The architecture has been implemented and evaluated in the context of a medium-vocabulary command and control task.
Effects of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogs on cis‐platinum‐induced spermatogenic damage (1988)

In order to test the hypothesis that pretreatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs might ameliorate cytotoxic drug-induced testicular damage, mature male Wistar rats were pretreated for 2 weeks with a GnRH superactive agonist or a pure GnRH antagonist prior to, and for 1 week after, a 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of cis-platinum. Despite inhibition of testicular function by both GnRH analogs prior to cis-platinum administration, there was no evidence of protection or enhanced recovery of spermatogenesis at 6 and 12 weeks after cis-platinum treatment, and spermatogenesis was significantly further depressed at both time-points by both GnRH agonist and antagonist pretreatment. This suggests that pretreatment with GnRH analogs in the rat does not protect spermatogenesis from cis-platinum-induced testicular damage within up to two spermatogenic cycles and that hypogonadism at the time of cytotoxic drug treatments may aggravate testicular damage.
In vitro phamacology of MK‐996, a new potent and selective angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonist (1994)

Abstract MK‐996 (N‐((4′‐((5,7‐Dimethyl‐2‐ethyl‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)methyl) (1,1′‐biphenyl)‐2‐yl) sulfonylbenzamide) interacted in a competitive manner with rabbit aortic angiotensin II (All) receptors as determined by Scatchard analysis of specific binding of [ 125 l]‐Sar 1 lle 8 ‐All. MK‐996 also exhibited high affinity at All receptors in several tissues from different animal species (K i = 0.1–0.4 nM). In vitro functional assays utilizing All‐induced aldosterone release in rat adrenal cortical cells demonstrated further that MK‐996 acts as a competitive, high affinity antagonist of All (pA 2 = 10.3) and lacks agonist activity. MK‐996 also potently inhibited All‐induced contractile response in isolated rabbit aorta and pulmonary artery with a reduction in maximal response. The specificity of MK‐996 for All receptors was demonstrated by its lack of activity (IC 50 &gt; 1 μM) in several other receptor binding assays and its inability to affect in vitro functional responses produced by other agonists. MK‐996 demonstrated a very high selectivity for the AT 1 compared to AT 2 receptor subtype (AT 2 IC 50 ≥ 2 μM). Direct binding studies using [ 3 H]‐MK‐996 in rat adrenal indicated specific binding of [ 3 H]‐MK‐996 is saturable and of high affinity (K d = 0.47 nM). The specific [ 3 H]‐MK‐996 binding in rat adrenal represents binding to pharmacologically relevant AT 1 receptors as demonstrated by the similar K i values for various All agonists and antagonists in inhibiting specific 3 H‐MK‐996 and [ 125 l]‐All binding to AT 1 receptors. Dissociation rate studies of specific [ 3 H]‐MK‐996 binding indicated a t1/2 of 103 min. This slow dissociation may account for the reduction in maximal responses to All in MK‐996 treated isolated blood vessels.
Validation of MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper database optimized for anaerobic bacteria: The ENRIA project (2018)

Within the ENRIA project, several 'expertise laboratories' collaborated in order to optimize the identification of clinical anaerobic isolates by using a widely available platform, the Biotyper Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Main Spectral Profiles (MSPs) of well characterized anaerobic strains were added to one of the latest updates of the Biotyper database db6903; (V6 database) for common use. MSPs of anaerobic strains nominated for addition to the Biotyper database are included in this validation. In this study, we validated the optimized database (db5989 [V5 database] + ENRIA MSPs) using 6309 anaerobic isolates. Using the V5 database 71.1% of the isolates could be identified with high confidence, 16.9% with low confidence and 12.0% could not be identified. Including the MSPs added to the V6 database and all MSPs created within the ENRIA project, the amount of strains identified with high confidence increased to 74.8% and 79.2%, respectively. Strains that could not be identified using MALDI-TOF MS decreased to 10.4% and 7.3%, respectively. The observed increase in high confidence identifications differed per genus. For Bilophila wadsworthia, Prevotella spp., gram-positive anaerobic cocci and other less commonly encountered species more strains were identified with higher confidence. A subset of the non-identified strains (42.1%) were identified using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The obtained identities demonstrated that strains could not be identified either due to the generation of spectra of insufficient quality or due to the fact that no MSP of the encountered species was present in the database. Undoubtedly, the ENRIA project has successfully increased the number of anaerobic isolates that can be identified with high confidence. We therefore recommend further expansion of the database to include less frequently isolated species as this would also allow us to gain valuable insight into the clinical relevance of these less common anaerobic bacteria.
A polyantigenic genotype 1a/1b consensus hepatitis C virus DNA vaccine induces broadly reactive HCV-specific cellular immune responses in both mice and non-human primates (VAC7P.985) (2014)

Abstract Chronic HCV is a surreptitious disease that can lead to cirrhosis and cancer decades following infection. Each year, 3-4 million individuals are infected. However, there are currently no vaccines available to prevent chronic HCV infection. From patients who acutely resolve (A.R.) infection, a strong and broadly reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is associated with viral clearance. With in vivo electroporation (E.P.), DNA vaccines induce strong CTL responses, making them well suited for an HCV vaccine. Our vaccine strategy maximizes recipients' opportunity to induce a broad T cell response with genotype 1a/1b consensus sequences of multiple HCV antigens. Immunogenicity of the HCV vaccine was assessed in mice and non-human primates (NHP). Animals were immunized three times, two weeks apart for mice and six weeks apart for NHP as an intramuscular injection followed by E.P. In mice, interferon-γ (IFNγ) responses spanned all HCV antigens and with total values exceeding 6,000 spot-forming units per million mononuclear cells (SFU) within both the spleen and liver by IFNγ ELIspot. Similarly in NHP, immune responses up to 4,680 SFU per million PBMCs were detectable by IFNγ ELISpot. Flow cytometry revealed HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses by cytokine staining and significant frequencies of cytolytic CTL compared to baseline. Here, we have demonstrated the magnitude and breadth of HCV-specific immune responses elicited by an HCV DNA vaccine in mice and NHP.
Comparison of Sequencing Based CNV Discovery Methods Using Monozygotic Twin Quartets (2015)

This study showed that ERDS and CNVnator provide good performance on whole genome sequencing data with respect to CNV consistency across families, CNV breakpoint resolution and CNV call specificity. The intersection of the calls from the two tools would be valuable for CNV genotyping pipelines.
Neural Network-Based Estimation of Distortion Sensitivity for Image Quality Prediction (2018)

Due to its computational simplicity, the PSNR is a popular and widely used image quality measure, although it correlates poorly with perceived visual quality. Distortion sensitivity, a reference image specific property, can be used to compensate for the lack of perceptual relevance of the PSNR. Based on the functional mapping between perceptual and computational quality a deep convolutional neural network is used to estimate patchwise distortion sensitivity. The local estimates are used for an imagewise perceptual adaptation of the PSNR. The performance of the proposed estimation approach is evaluated on the LIVE and TID2013 databases and shows comparable or superior performance as compared to benchmark image quality measures.
Monitoring of Spinal Cord Stimulation Evoked Potentials during Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Surgery (1991)

Repair of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm involves a significant risk of ischemic injury to the spinal cord. Standard monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials, which relies upon peripheral nerve stimulation, becomes nonspecific and insensitive during this surgery when aortic cross-clamping produces lower extremity ischemia causing a peripheral conduction block. Techniques for the insertion of percutaneous epidural electrodes, developed originally for pain management, have been adapted to this setting to permit direct stimulation of the spinal cord for intraoperative monitoring of evoked potentials. The clinical outcome in patients monitored by this technique has been consistent with evoked potential findings.