gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spray-on anti-soiling coatings that exhibit high transparency and mechanical durability (2014)

A superhydrophobic (SH) surface has many characteristics, one of which is its self-cleaning, anti-soiling functionality, that are desirable across various industries. A transparent, self-cleaning surface utilizes the right combination of surface chemistry and roughness that force water droplets to form high water contact angles (CA). This in turn allows droplets to easily roll off and pick up dirt and debris across the surface. In theory this is simple but in practice this can be very difficult as superhydrophobicity and optical transparency are competitive. We have developed a simple, spray-on coating based on functionalized SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles that can easily be applied to surfaces whose application requires high transparency including, but not limited to, optical sensors, photovoltaics, sights, and lenses. In addition, these coatings exhibit practical mechanical and environmental durability that allow prolonged use of the coatings in harsh environments.
A Functional Arginine Residue in Rabbit‐Muscle Aldolase (1976)

Rabbit muscle aldolase is irreversibly modified by the arginine-selective alpha-dicarbonyl, phenylglyoxal, loss of activity correlating with the unique modifications of one arginine residue per subunit, as determined by amino acid analysis, and (7-14C)phenylglyoxal incorporation. The affinity of the modified enzyme for dihydroxyacetone phosphate is significantly reduced while substantial protection against inactivation is afforded by fructose 1,6-disphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate or phosphate ion. The nature of the substrate C-1 phosphate binding site in this enzyme is discussed in the light of these and other results.
Forced Oscillations in a Mixed-Compression Inlet at Mach 3.5 for Pulse Detonation Engine Systems (2005)

The effects of oscillatory backpressure on the air induction system for pulse detonation engines were examined for a two-dimensional, mixed-compression configuration at a freestream Mach number of 3.5. The pressure perturbations at the diffuser exit were produced by injecting air through four ports located at the corners of the exit cross section. The frequency, coupling of the ports and airflow rates through the ports were varied, simulating the operation of detonation tubes. A terminal normal shock in the diffuser oscillated in the excited inlet, causing large pressure fluctuation amplitudes at some locations. Large injection mass flows resulted in inlet flow oscillations throughout the inlet, increased the spillage, yet did not cause inlet unstart.
Evidence for a dynamic phase transition in[Co/Pt]3magnetic multilayers (2008)

A dynamic phase transition (DPT) with respect to the period $P$ of an applied alternating magnetic field has been observed previously in numerical simulations of magnetic systems. However, experimental evidence for this DPT has thus far been limited to qualitative observations of hysteresis loop collapse in studies of hysteresis-loop area scaling. Here, we present significantly stronger evidence for the experimental observation of this DPT in a ${[\text{Co}(4\text{ }\text{\AA{}})/\text{Pt}(7\text{ }\text{\AA{}})]}_{3}$-multilayer system with strong perpendicular anisotropy. We applied an out-of-plane time-varying (sawtooth) field to the ${[\text{Co}/\text{Pt}]}_{3}$ multilayer in the presence of a small additional constant field, ${H}_{b}$. We then measured the resulting out-of-plane magnetization time series to produce nonequilibrium phase diagrams (NEPDs) of the cycle-averaged magnetization, $Q$, and its variance, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}(Q)$, as functions of $P$ and ${H}_{b}$. The experimental NEPDs are found to strongly resemble those calculated from simulations of a kinetic Ising model under analogous conditions. The similarity of the experimental and simulated NEPDs, in particular the presence of a localized peak in the variance ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}(Q)$ in the experimental results, constitutes strong evidence for the presence of this DPT in our magnetic multilayer samples. Technical challenges related to the hysteretic nature and response time of the electromagnet used to generate the time-varying applied field precluded us from extracting meaningful critical scaling exponents from the current data. However, based on our results, we propose refinements to the experimental procedure which could potentially enable the determination of critical exponents in the future.
Rate of Transacylation between 2′ and 3′-O-L-PhenyIalanyIadenosine (1981)

The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra of 2'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine and 3'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine in deuterated phosphate buffer were analyzed. The transacylation between these two isomers was studied by saturation transfer experiments on H1' proton resonances and the transacylation rate was directly determined to be 0.76 s-1 at pD 6.9 and 25 degrees C. This transacylation rate is appreciably slower than the rate of polypeptide chain elongation, suggesting the presence of enzymatic activity for the transacylation of aminoacyl-tRNA in protein biosynthesis.
THE EVOLUTION OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY TRAGIC LITERATURE (HAMLET, SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS, SHAKESPEARE, WORDSWORTH, KEATS, ELIOT, CONRAD) (1984)

In nineteenth-century England uncertainty about the value of life precipitated a belief that life is tragic. The first chapter of this study examines the new "tragic sense" which preoccupied nineteenth-century writers--its causes and its distinctive characteristics--and the connections between ancient and modern tragic literature. Chapter II focuses on Hamlet as the first victim of the modern disease of self-consciousness, the principal subject of modern tragic literature, foregrounding a continuing emphasis on Hamlet's influence in the nineteenth century and demonstrating that Hamlet ultimately provides modern characters with an example of how to break the bonds of introspection and resolve their crises. As Chapter III illustrates, self-consciousness reached the epidemic stage in the early nineteenth century, when it manifests itself most clearly in the poetry of Wordsworth. The evolution of Wordsworth's tragic poetry is revealed first in two narratives ("Michael," The Excursion, Book I), where the most profound tragic resonances are deflected, and then in two lyrics ("Resolution and Independence," the "Immortality Ode"), where full tragic response could no longer be averted. Chapter IV traces the progression of Keats, spurred by the examples of Shakespeare and Wordsworth, from a poet of escapist romance to tragic poet. Chapter V studies George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss as a tragic novel, its heroine, Maggie Tulliver, confronting many of the problems (e.g., man's separation from the natural world, the difficulty of adapting to an impersonal industrial world) dramatized in Wordsworth's poems. In addition, it is shown how Eliot used the narrator's role to comment on the tragic nature of Maggie's life. Similarly, in Conrad's Lord Jim, the subject of Chapter VI, a narrator (Marlow) helps shape our perception of Jim. This novel severely challenges the adaptability of the tragic to the modern world: the complex ambiguities of Jim's case lead Marlow to question the very possibility of purpose in modern life. Ultimately, however, Marlow sees through Jim that purpose must be self-determined. Jim refuses to accept life as absurd; his persistent struggle to validate life's meaning makes him, for all his errors, a tragic hero.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2-(1-Alkylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl]acetamide Derivatives as Novel Antihypertensive Agents (2012)

We synthesized and evaluated the inhibitory activity of a series of 2-(1-alkylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl]acetamide derivatives against T-type Ca(2+) channels. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the position of the amide structure was important for the potent inhibitory activity toward T-type Ca(2+) channels. In addition, the introduction of an appropriate substituent on the pendant benzene ring played a crucial role for the selectivity towards T-type Ca(2+) channels over L-type Ca(2+) channels and the potent bradycardic activity of these derivatives. Oral administration of N-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2-(1-{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl]ethyl}piperidin-4-yl)acetamide (4f), which had superior selectivity for T-type Ca(2+) channels over L-type Ca(2+) channels, lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats without inducing reflex tachycardia, which is often caused by traditional L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers.
Imaging the effect of acupuncture needling on human connective tissue in vivo (2004)

The therapeutic effects of acupuncture have been known fro thousands of years. However, only recently have there been significant attempts to understand the underlying mechanism and provide a scientific basis behind these effects. In this paper, ultra-sound based motion estimation techniques are used in order to understand the effect of acupuncture. It is expected that the understanding of the mechanism of acupuncture will establish the latter in the western world as a valid alternative for treatment of certain pathologies. In vivo ultrasonic imaging using a System FiVe (Vingmed) at 7.5 MHz was performed on the thigh muscle of four human subjects at different stages of needle motion, which included rotation or no rotation (depending on the case), and downward and upward movement using a computer-controlled acupuncture needling instrument based on Langevin et al. (2002) and Langevin et al. (2001). Zero, four, eight and 16 full (360/spl deg/) needle rotations using a disposable stainless steel needle (0.25 mm in diameter) were applied and compared to the cases without rotation. Displacements were estimated using the ultrasonic radio-frequency data, and crosscorrelation techniques were utilized as previously described in elastography by H.M. Langevin and J.A. Yandow (2002) with a 2mm window and a window overlap of 60%. Seventy RF scans were acquired continuously during each experiment at the rate of 13.2 frames/s. Cine-loop displacement images were generated off-line during and between the different needle movement. We found that tissue displacement could be estimated using only the stimulus caused by the needle movement. Tissue displacement amplitude increased by up to five-fold during needle rotation. Rotation also had a significant effect on tissue displacement during downward (P<0.001) and upward (P<0.05). This technique therefore provided successful mapping and quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal tissue behavior during acupuncture needle manipulation, and may become a valuable tool for future studies of acupuncture's mechanism of action.
THE CEMENT MANTLE IN FEMORAL IMPACTION ALLOGRAFTING (1997)

An analysis of the cement mantle obtained with the Exeter impaction allografting system at one centre showed that it was either deficient or absent in almost 47% of Gruen zones. We therefore examined the mantle obtained using this system at another hospital and compared the results with those from the CPT and Harris Precoat Systems at other centres. The surgical indications for the procedure and the patient details were broadly similar in all four hospitals. There was some variation in the frequency of use of cortical strut allografts, cerclage wires and wire mesh to supplement the impaction allograft. Analysis of the cement mantles showed that when uncertain Gruen zones were excluded, the incidence of zones with areas of absence or deficiency of the cement was 47% and 50%, respectively, for the two centres using the Exeter system, 21% for the CPT system and 18% for the Harris Precoat system. We measured the difference in size between the proximal allograft impactors and the definitive prosthesis for each system. The Exeter system impactors are shorter than the definitive prosthesis and taper sharply so that the cavity created is inadequate, especially distally. The CPT proximal impactors are considerably longer than the definitive prosthesis and are designed to give a mantle of approximately 2 mm medially and laterally and 1.5 mm anteriorly and posteriorly. The Harris Precoat proximal impactors allow for a mantle with a circumference of 0.75 mm in the smaller sizes and 1 mm in the larger. Many reports link the longevity of a cemented implant to the adequacy of the cement mantle. For this reason, femoral impaction systems require careful design to achieve a cement mantle which is uninterrupted in its length and adequate in its thickness. Our results suggest that some current systems require modification.
Blockade of 5-HT-mediated enteric slow EPSPs by BRL 24924: gastrokinetic effects (1989)

Two types of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor, 5-HT1P and 5-HT3, have been identified physiologically on enteric neurons impaled by intracellular microelectrodes. Activation of 5-HT1P receptors evokes a long-lasting membrane depolarization associated with an increased input resistance, whereas stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors results in a brief depolarization during which the input resistance falls. Slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in myenteric type II-hyperpolarizing afterpotential (AH) neurons have been demonstrated to be mediated by 5-HT1P receptors. The current experiments were done to determine whether the substituted benzamide, BRL 24924, is a specific antagonist at 5-HT1P receptors and can be used as a probe to investigate the role played by serotoninergic neurons in the control of gastrointestinal motility. Intracellular microelectrodes were used to analyze the effects of BRL 24924 on guinea pig myenteric neurons. Microejection of BRL 24924 mimicked neither the long-lasting nor the brief response to 5-HT; however, BRL 24924 (0.5-1.0 microM) reversibly antagonized both the long-lasting 5-HT1P receptor-mediated responses of myenteric neurons to 5-HT and 5-HT-mediated slow EPSPs. A greater than 10-fold higher concentration of BRL 24924 was required to reduce the short-lived responses mediated by 5-HT3 receptors. BRL 24924 did not affect the response of myenteric neurons to substance P. These results indicate that BRL 24924 is primarily a 5-HT1P antagonist. Unlike other 5-HT1P agonists or antagonists, BRL 24924 did not block the binding of 5-[3H]HT to 5-HT1P receptors. This observation suggests that specific antagonism of physiological responses to 5-HT by BRL 24924 may be the result of an action on the coupling of the 5-HT1P receptor to its effector mechanism. BRL 24924 (0.5-1 mg/kg) and another 5-HT1P antagonist, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (5 mg/kg), significantly increased the rate of emptying of a 51Cr-labeled liquid meal from the murine stomach. In contrast, the 5-HT3 antagonist, ICS 205-930 (0.1-0.5 mg/kg), did not affect the rate of gastric emptying. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that intrinsic inhibitory neurons of the murine stomach are activated by serotoninergic axons acting through 5-HT1P receptors. Antagonism of an excitatory drive to neurons in a relaxant pathway may thus explain the gastrokinetic effects of BRL 24924.
Transmission of Bordetella pertussis to Young Infants (2007)

This study provides solid evidence that among infants for whom a source case was identified, household members were responsible for 76%-83% of transmission of Bordetella pertussis to this high-risk group. Vaccination of adolescents and adults in close contact with young infants may thus eliminate a substantial proportion of infant pertussis if high coverage rates can be achieved.
β‐ENDORPHIN: SYNTHESIS AND RADIOLIGAND BINDING ACTIVITY OF ANALOGS CONTAINING CYSTINE BRIDGES (1981)

Two analogs of human beta-endorphin containing cystine bridges between positions 21 and 26 or 14 and 26 have been synthesized and their radioligand binding activity using rat brain membranes has been determined. Both peptides showed three to four times the binding activity of human beta-endorphin.
An ADMM-Net for Data Recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks (2020)

Data collection plays an important role in wireless sensor networks. Recovery of spatio-temporal data from incomplete sensing data is vital to the network lifetime. Many works have utilized the spatial and temporal correlations to achieve satisfactory data recovery results. However, these methods introduce large computational overhead at the fusion center. In this paper, we develop an ADMM-Net framework for correlated spatio-temporal data recovery. Both the spatial correlation and temporal correlation of sensing data are considered in a convex optimization problem, which is solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. We then unfold the ADMM algorithm into a fixed-length neural network that reduces the iterations dramatically and does not require additional location information of nodes. Experimental results on a realworld dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve faster convergence speed than the baseline ADMM algorithm with slight accuracy loss.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Enterobacter aerogenes signal peptidase II (lsp) gene (1990)

In Escherichia coli, prolipoprotein signal peptidase is encoded by the lsp gene, which is organized into an operon consisting of ileS, lsp, and three open reading frames, designated genes x, orf-149, and orf-316. The Enterobacter aerogenes lsp gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The nucleotide sequence of the Enterobacter aerogenes lsp gene and a part of its flanking sequences were determined. A high degree of homology was found between the E. coli ileS-lsp operon and the corresponding genes in Enterobacter aerogenes. Furthermore, the same five genes which constitute an operon in E. coli were found in Enterobacter aerogenes in the same order.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Acetalation—Acetylation of Sugars and Related Derivatives with Enolacetates under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exploiting Statistical Dependencies in Sparse Representations for Signal Recovery (2012)

Signal modeling lies at the core of numerous signal and image processing applications. A recent approach that has drawn considerable attention is sparse representation modeling, in which the signal is assumed to be generated as a combination of a few atoms from a given dictionary. In this work we consider a Bayesian setting and go beyond the classic assumption of independence between the atoms. The main goal of this paper is to introduce a statistical model that takes such dependencies into account and show how this model can be used for sparse signal recovery. We follow the suggestion of two recent works and assume that the sparsity pattern is modeled by a Boltzmann machine, a commonly used graphical model. For general dependency models, exact MAP and MMSE estimation of the sparse representation becomes computationally complex. To simplify the computations, we propose greedy approximations of the MAP and MMSE estimators. We then consider a special case in which exact MAP is feasible, by assuming that the dictionary is unitary and the dependency model corresponds to a certain sparse graph. Exploiting this structure, we develop an efficient message passing algorithm that recovers the underlying signal. When the model parameters defining the underlying graph are unknown, we suggest an algorithm that learns these parameters directly from the data, leading to an iterative scheme for adaptive sparse signal recovery. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on real-life signals-patches of natural images-where we compare the denoising performance to that of previous recovery methods that do not exploit the statistical dependencies.
Stereospecific reaction of 3-methoxy-4-chloro-7-aminoisocoumarin with crystalline porcine pancreatic elastase (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific reaction of 3-methoxy-4-chloro-7-aminoisocoumarin with crystalline porcine pancreatic elastaseEdgar F. Meyer Jr., Leonard G. Presta, and R. RadhakrishnanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 13, 4091–4093Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00299a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00299a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Blockchains for Business Process Management - Challenges and Opportunities (2018)

Blockchain technology offers a sizable promise to rethink the way interorganizational business processes are managed because of its potential to realize execution without a central party serving as a single point of trust (and failure). To stimulate research on this promise and the limits thereof, in this article, we outline the challenges and opportunities of blockchain for business process management (BPM). We first reflect how blockchains could be used in the context of the established BPM lifecycle and second how they might become relevant beyond. We conclude our discourse with a summary of seven research directions for investigating the application of blockchain technology in the context of BPM.
Molecular MRI of Intracranial Thrombus in a Rat Ischemic Stroke Model (2010)

EP-2104R-enhanced MRI successfully identifies intracranial thrombus in a rat embolic stroke model.