gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Develops in CC Chemokine Receptor 7‐deficient Mice with Altered T‐cell Responses (2006)

CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is involved in the initiation of immune responses by mediating the migration of naïve T cells and mature dendritic cells to T-cell-rich zones of secondary lymphoid organs where antigen presentation occurs. To address whether CCR7 plays a role in the development of autoimmunity, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in CCR7-deficient mice on a C57BL/6 background (CCR7(-/-)) using the neuroantigen, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 amino acid peptide (MOG((35-55))) and Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTX). CCR7(-/-) mice acquired disease with an intensity similar to wild-type littermates. MOG((35-55))-specific lymphocyte responses were dominant in the spleen of CCR7(-/-) mice, rather than in lymph nodes as observed in wild-type mice. These results indicate that effective immune responses (with altered kinetics) can develop in the absence of CCR7 but develop in the spleen rather than lymph nodes as CCR7 is necessary for T and dendritic cells to enter lymph nodes.
Fast converging auction-based resource allocation for QoE-driven wireless video streaming (2016)

Quality-of-Experience (QoE)-driven centralized resource allocation approaches for video streaming have been studied intensively but require the availability of utility information about the video content and channel conditions of all users at the central optimization entity to perform an optimal allocation. On the other hand, the practical application of game-theory-based decentralized resource allocation approaches for potentially selfish users has been limited so far. This is mainly because the varying network conditions and the delay constraints for wireless multimedia communications require low-complexity methods with fast convergence. We propose an auction-based radio resource allocation method which is shown to converge within a bounded number of iterations. The achieved allocation maximizes the average QoE over all users, while the users are maximizing their own payoff. The users pay a price for the requested resources which is defined on the utility scale. The proposed game-theory framework is compatible with cross-layer optimization approaches, as the resources are abstracted to provide an interface between the application and the lower layers. We implement the proposed resource allocation scheme in a simulated LTE uplink environment with multiple video streaming users. Experimental results confirm the derived properties and additionally show that, unlike state-of-the-art decentralized resource allocation schemes, our proposed auction is scalable, as the number of iterations to converge decreases with an increasing number of participating users.
Luminescence kinetics of chromophores attached to the ends of a flexible polymer chain (2000)

We studied the effect of the size of a polymer molecule, of the type of its motion in solution, and of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of its spectra on the luminescence kinetics of chromophores attached to the ends of a polymer chain.
Rebind Capability in DHCPv6 Reconfigure Messages (2012)

This document updates RFC 3315 to allow the Rebind message type to
appear in the Reconfigure Message option of a Reconfigure message,
which allows DHCPv6 servers to instruct clients to perform a Rebind
operation as well as a Renew operation. The document also clarifies
how a DHCPv6 client responds to a received Reconfigure message.
Real-Time Microscope-Integrated OCT to Improve Visualization in DSAEK for Advanced Bullous Keratopathy (2015)

MIOCT is a valuable tool for the corneal surgeon, allowing for DSAEK to be successfully performed even when the surgical microscope view is limited from severe corneal edema, as is often the case in patients with advanced bullous keratopathy. By using MIOCT, these patients can benefit from the advantages of DSAEK despite a clinically opaque cornea, which would otherwise be treated with a penetrating keratoplasty.
Longitudinal Monitoring of Antibody Responses against Tumor Cells Using Magneto-nanosensors with a Nanoliter of Blood (2017)

Each immunoglobulin isotype has unique immune effector functions. The contribution of these functions in the elimination of pathogens and tumors can be determined by monitoring quantitative temporal changes in isotype levels. Here, we developed a novel technique using magneto-nanosensors based on the effect of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) for longitudinal monitoring of total and antigen-specific isotype levels with high precision, using as little as 1 nL of serum. Combining in vitro serologic measurements with in vivo imaging techniques, we investigated the role of the antibody response in the regression of firefly luciferase (FL)-labeled lymphoma cells in spleen, kidney, and lymph nodes in a syngeneic Burkitt's lymphoma mouse model. Regression status was determined by whole body bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The magneto-nanosensors revealed that anti-FL IgG2a and total IgG2a were elevated and sustained in regression mice compared to non-regression mice (p < 0.05). This platform shows promise for monitoring immunotherapy, vaccination, and autoimmunity.
Oseltamivir Population Pharmacokinetics in the Ferret: Model Application for Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study Design (2015)

The ferret is a suitable small animal model for preclinical evaluation of efficacy of antiviral drugs against various influenza strains, including highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Rigorous pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) assessment of ferret data has not been conducted, perhaps due to insufficient information on oseltamivir PK. Here, based on PK data from several studies on both uninfected and influenza-infected groups (i.e., with influenza A viruses of H5N1 and H3N2 subtypes and an influenza B virus) and several types of anesthesia we developed a population PK model for the active compound oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) in the ferret. The ferret OC population PK model incorporated delayed first-order input, two-compartment distribution, and first-order elimination to successfully describe OC PK. Influenza infection did not affect model parameters, but anesthesia did. The conclusion that OC PK was not influenced by influenza infection must be viewed with caution because the influenza infections in the studies included here resulted in mild clinical symptoms in terms of temperature, body weight, and activity scores. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine that administration of a 5.08 mg/kg dose of oseltamivir phosphate to ferret every 12 h for 5 days results in the same median OC area under the plasma concentration-time curve 0-12 h (i.e., 3220 mg h/mL) as that observed in humans during steady state at the approved dose of 75 mg twice daily for 5 days. Modeling indicated that PK variability for OC in the ferret model is high, and can be affected by anesthesia. Therefore, for proper interpretation of PK/PD data, sparse PK sampling to allow the OC PK determination in individual animals is important. Another consideration in appropriate design of PK/PD studies is achieving an influenza infection with pronounced clinical symptoms and efficient virus replication, which will allow adequate evaluation of drug effects.
IFITm1 Is a Tight Junction Protein That Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry (2012)

This study defines IFITM1 as an ISG effector with action against HCV entry. Design of therapy regimens to enhance IFITM1 expression should improve the virologic response among HCV patients undergoing treatment with type I IFN.
Multi-functionalized herringbone carbon nanofiber for anodes of lithium ion batteries (2017)

Herringbone carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) are prepared for use as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). HCNFs are prepared using a Ni-Fe catalyst and subsequently multi-functionalized with oxygen using the Hummers' method, and then with both oxygen and nitrogen-containing 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UHP) moieties, which endow the HCNFs with the ability to form quadruple hydrogen bonds (QHBs). The as-prepared HCNFs are, on average, 13 μm in length and 100 nm in diameter, with a highly graphitic structure. The oxidized HCNFs (Ox-HCNFs) obtained by Hummers' method are partially exfoliated, having double-bladed saw-like structures that extend in the direction of the graphite planes. QHBs are formed between the HCNFs after functionalization with the UHP moieties. The final surface-modified HCNFs (N-Ox-HCNFs) have more electrochemical sites, shorter Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion lengths, and additional electron pathways compared with the as-prepared HCNF and Ox-HCNF. The introduction of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups improves the performance of LIBs: a high charge capacity of 763 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>-1</sup>, excellent rate capability (a capacity of 402 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 3 A g<sup>-1</sup>), and near 100% capacity retention after 300 cycles are reported.
Joint design of vector quantizers and RCPC channel codes for Rayleigh fading channels (2002)

We study the performance of joint source and channel codes designed to minimize end-to-end distortion over a Rayleigh fading channel. We consider two joint code designs. The first joint code uses a sequential design: a standard vector quantizer (VQ) source code is designed for a perfect channel (noiseless and distortionless) and then an RCPC channel code is optimized relative to the VQ and the channel statistics. The second design jointly optimizes a channel optimized VQ (COVQ) and an RCPC channel code through an iterative design process. We consider both hard-decision and soft-decision decoding for the channel codes. In both designs the bit allocation between the source and channel codes is optimized. At this optimal bit allocation, the performance of the iterative joint design and the simpler sequential design are nearly the same over the range of SNR values that we considered. Both code designs outperform standard COVQ and by up to 6 dB, and this performance improvement is most pronounced at low SNRs.
Prognostic Impact of Immunoglobulin Kappa C (IGKC) in Early Breast Cancer. (2021)

We studied the prognostic impact of tumor immunoglobulin kappa C (<i>IGKC</i>) mRNA expression as a marker of the humoral immune system in the FinHer trial patient population, where 1010 patients with early breast cancer were randomly allocated to either docetaxel-containing or vinorelbine-containing adjuvant chemotherapy. HER2-positive patients were additionally allocated to either trastuzumab or no trastuzumab. Hormone receptor-positive patients received tamoxifen. <i>IGKC</i> was evaluated in 909 tumors using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the influence on distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was examined using univariable and multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier estimates. Interactions were analyzed using Cox regression. <i>IGKC</i> expression, included as continuous variable, was independently associated with DDFS in a multivariable analysis also including age, molecular subtype, grade, and pT and pN stage (HR 0.930, 95% CI 0.870-0.995, <i>p</i> = 0.034). An independent association with DDFS was also found in a subset analysis of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) (HR 0.843, 95% CI 0.724-0.983, <i>p</i> = 0.029), but not in luminal (HR 0.957, 95% CI 0.867-1.056, <i>p</i> = 0.383) or HER2-positive (HR 0.933, 95% CI 0.826-1.055, <i>p</i> = 0.271) cancers. No significant interaction between <i>IGKC</i> and chemotherapy or trastuzumab administration was detected (P<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.855 and 0.684, respectively). These results show that humoral immunity beneficially influences the DDFS of patients with early TNBC.
Manufacturing of polymer light-emitting device structures (2006)

The gravure printing technique is currently under investigation as a possible method for the roll-to-roll production of OLEDs in the 6th framework EU funded project entitled ROLLED - "Roll-to-roll manufacturing technology for flexible OLED devices and arbitrary size and shape displays". The objective in the project is to fabricate an entire OLED structure by using roll-to-roll manufacturing methods and to examine, how the commercial production could be set up and integrated into an existing printing process. In order to attain a roll-to-roll compatibility, all the materials, inks and device structures need to be suitable for printing. Since, such OLED device structures are very sensitive to moisture and oxygen, high barrier materials to be applied as wet chemical coatings on transparent polymer films such as PET by common roll-to-roll coating techniques have been investigated. The barrier films on their respective substrates act as front and back side encapsulation materials, where the front side encapsulation material is to be used as a transparent and flexible substrate for OLED fabrication. The transmission rates to be achieved for both front and back side encapsulation for oxygen and water vapour are 5 mg m<sup>-2</sup>day<sup>-1</sup> (corresponding to 7 cm<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-2</sup>day<sup>-1</sup> for O<sub>2</sub>). In this paper, we show how light-emitting devices manufactured by gravure printing operate compared to the ones manufactured by traditional methods. Furthermore, we present recent results on the development of ITO nanoparticle coatings, cathode inks and flexible barrier materials.
Hybrid 10-Gb/s, 2.5-Gb/s, 64-QAM, and AM-VSB high-capacity wavelength-division-multiplexing transport systems using SMF and LEAF fibers (2002)

A four-wavelength high-capacity hybrid wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) system separately over 100-km standard single-mode fiber and nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber of large effective area fiber is demonstrated. The WDM wavelengths contain one 10-Gb/s signal, one 2.5-Gb/s signal, one 64-quadrature amplitude modulator signal of 110 channels, and one amplitude module with vestigial sideband signal of 80 channels. Satisfaction of a huge variety of receiving requirements and reduction of fiber nonlinearities-induced degradations by controlling channel powers are also considered. Such a hybrid WDM system would be attractive for multiservice trunk applications in advanced transport systems for providing both CATV and telecommunication services.
Detection of halitosis in breath: Between the past, present, and future (2017)

To develop a new generation of diagnostics for halitosis, replacing the subjective organoleptic assessment, a series of exhaled breath analyzers has been developed and assessed. All three devices rely on the assessment of exhaled volatile sulfuric compounds (VSCs), which are mainly generated in and emitted from the oral cavity, contributing to the malodor. Portable, on-site and easy to use, these devices have potential for non-invasive diagnosis of halitosis. However, global assessment of exhaled VSCs alone has two main drawbacks: (i) the absence of VSCs does not rule out halitosis; (ii) non-sulfuric volatile compounds that could be biomarkers of systemic diseases, found in up to 15% of halitosis cases, are neglected. In this article, we review and discuss progress to date in the field of oral/exhaled volatile compounds as potential non-invasive diagnostics for halitosis. We will briefly describe the generation of these compounds both from local (oral) and distal (extra-oral) sources. In addition, we debate the different analytical approaches in use and discuss the potential value of bio-inspired artificially intelligent olfaction in diagnosing and classifying oral and systemic diseases by analyzing exhaled breath.
Room electromagnetics (2007)

In analogy with the established discipline of room acoustics, various aspects of diffuse wideband microwave propagation in a room are treated. It is shown that an equivalent to Sabine's equation for reverberation time in a room is valid for the completely diffused field, depending only on the volume, the surface area, and an effective absorption coefficient. An exponential decay of the power as a function of the delay is a consequence of the assumptions. Furthermore, the concept of a reverberation distance is also valid. This is the distance from a transmitting antenna where the received diffuse, randomly scattered power equals the direct line-of-sight received power, such that the diffuse power dominates for distances larger than the reverberation distance. A number of measurements in a large room support the theory with an effective absorption coefficient of 0.5. The power delay profiles around the room from a transmitter in the ceiling vary only in the first arriving part of the impulse, whereas the tail, being dominated by the diffuse field, has the same power level for a given delay and the same decay rate all over the room. It is also a consequence of the theory that the diffuse fields incident on an antenna are uniformly distributed in angle.
Aerodynamic Influence Coefficients from the Unsteady Transonic Small Disturbance Equation for Aeroelastic Analysis (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3949.vid A methodology to compute the transonic aerodynamic influence coefficients from the unsteady transonic small disturbance (TSD) equation is presented. Solution of the unsteady TSD equation is performed using a finite-difference discretization with a time-domain approximate-factorization algorithm. The aerodynamic influence coefficients are computed as a function of Mach number and reduced frequency by performing a linearization of the unsteady TSD equation about a steady-state solution which captures the nonlinear behavior of the transonic flow. The unsteady transonic aerodynamic influence coefficients matrices are integrated into NASTRAN using Direct Matrix Input for use in static aeroelastic and flutter analyses. Validation of the predicted aerodynamics is performed on a rectangular wing as well as the F5 wing planform.
Blistering in carbon‐fiber‐filled fluorinated polyimide (2010)

Abstract A blistering study was performed on a fluorinated polyimide resin and its carbon‐fiber composite in an effort to determine the blister‐formation temperature and the influence of blisters on composite performance. The fluorinated resin and carbon‐fiber composite exhibit higher glass‐transition (435–455°C) and decomposition temperatures (above 520°C) than similar polyimide resins and their carbon‐fiber composites currently used. Two techniques were used to determine moisture‐induced blister formation. A transverse extensometer with quartz lamps as a heating source measured thickness expansion, as did a thermomechanical analyzer as a function of temperature. Both methods successfully measured the onset of blister formation with varying amounts of absorbed moisture (up to 3 wt%) in the samples. The polyimide resin exhibited blister temperatures ranging from 225 to 362°C, with 1.7–3.0 wt% absorbed moisture, and the polyimide composite had blister temperatures from 246 to 294°C with 0.5–1.5 wt% moisture. The blistering effects of the polyimide composites were found to have little correlation with modulus. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Separation of bacteria with imprinted polymeric films (2012)

Separation of compounds out of complex mixtures is a key issue that has been solved for small molecules by chromatography. However, general methods for the separation of large bio-particles, such as cells, are still challenging. We demonstrate integration of imprinted polymeric films (IPF) into a microfluidic chip, which preferentially capture cells matching an imprint template, and separate strains of cyanobacteria with 80-90% efficiency, despite a minimal difference in morphology and fluorescence, demonstrating its general nature. It is currently thought that the imprinting process, conducted while the polymer cures, transfers chemical information of the cell's external structure to the substrate. Capture specificity and separation can be further enhanced by orienting the imprints parallel to the flow vector and tuning the pH to a lower range.
Production of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes at High Pressure (1999)

Using a graphite rod with a hole filled with the powder of a mixture of Y−Ni alloy and graphite as anode, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with 50%−70% purity were produced in quantity of tens of grams a day under the arc conditions of 40−60 A d.c. and helium pressure of 2 atm. If calcium−nickel was used as catalyst instead of yttrium−nickel, high yields of SWCNTs can also be produced in large quantities, although the yield was slightly less than that of yttrium−nickel. The samples were characterized by SEM, HREM, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the SWCNTs produced with yttrium−nickel as catalyst had the same structures as those obtained from laser-ablation with Co−Ni as catalyst. SWCNTs with smaller diameters were found when calcium−nickel was used as catalyst, proving that the diameter of SWCNTs is dependent on the properties of the metal catalysts. Furthermore, high helium pressure can lead to a high yield of SWCNTs. Our results suggested a formation mechanism of SWCNTs and the roles played by nickel and yttrium or calcium element.
Minimizing prion risk without compromising the microbial composition of biofilms grown in vivo in a human plaque model (2004)

Several in situ models allow generation of plaque in the oral cavity, followed by recovery of intact biofilms for experimentation. Approaches allowing plaque formation on natural tooth surfaces are most valuable, but present a possible infection risk to volunteers wearing plaque-collecting devices, particularly with respect to prions. Hypochlorite treatment of biological material, as an adjunct to autoclaving, reduces infection risk without compromising biofilm composition and should be adopted in all future studies using plaque-generating devices incorporating enamel, where there is a potential prion threat, and further investigated in other biological hard tissues.
Treatment of Patients with Chronic Type B Hepatitis and Concurrent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with a Combination of Interferon Alpha and Azidothymidine: A Pilot Study (1989)

Six patients with chronic type B hepatitis and concurrent infection with the immunodeficiency virus were treated with 600 mg azidothymidine (AZT)/day and 3 X 10(6) units of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) every other day for a total of 4 months. None of the patients treated lost the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV-DNA concentrations were not significantly influenced by this treatment. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was also not affected except for a transient rise in CD 4-positive cells in 2 individuals, who had initially low CD 4-positive cells. Treatment did not influence the presence of HIV-Ag in the serum. In conclusion, a combination therapy of IFN and AZT does not seem to be beneficial at the doses given and the time involved.