gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underwater fin swimming in women with reference to fin selection. (2003)

Underwater swimmers use fins, which provide thrust to overcome drag and propel the diver. The type of fin used has been shown to affect diver performance, however data are lacking for women. The oxygen consumption (VdotO2) of swimming as a function of speed, velocity as a function of kick frequency, maximal speed (v), maximal VdotO2 and the maximal thrust were determined for 8 female divers swimming at 1.25 m depth in a 60 m annular pool. VdotO2 increased as a function of v as; 0.52 + -0.485 V + 2.85 V2 (r2 = 0.996) and 0.12 + 1.52 V +1.275 V2 (r2 = 0.999) for high (5 fins) and low (3 fins) groupings, respectively. Splits, vents and flanges did not significantly affect VdotO2. Kick frequency increased linearly with v, with unique slopes for each fin. Maximal VdotO2 was not affect by fin type (1.46 +/- 0.05 l/min). Velocities that could be stained aerobically were 0.60 +/- 0.02 m/sec on average, with the most flexible fin higher (0.71 m/sec). Maximal v averaged 0.87 +/- 0.03 m/sec, with the most rigid fin lower (0.77 m/sec). Maximal thrust was not affected by fin and averaged 104 +/- 9 N. It can be concluded that female divers preferred the most flexible fins, which were also the most economical. This is most likely due to low leg power, which could also explain the absence of differences in maximal thrust and velocity.
Data Flow in the Smart City: Open Data Versus the Commons (2018)

Abstract Much of the recent excitement around data, especially ‘Big Data,’ focuses on the potential commercial or economic value of data. How that data will affect people isn’t much discussed. People know that smart cities will deploy Internet-based monitoring and that flows of the collected data promise to produce new values. Less considered is that smart cities will be sites of new forms of citizen action—enabled by an ‘economy’ of data that will lead to new methods of collectivization, accountability, and control which, themselves, can provide both positive and negative values to the citizenry. Therefore, smart city design needs to consider not just measurement and publication of data but also the implications of city-wide deployment, data openness, and the possibility of unintended consequences if data leave the city.
Improved reactive power sharing with adaptive droop control in islanded microgrids (2016)

Appropriate control strategies for power sharing between multiple generation units operating in parallel are required to create a stable AC microgrid bus. In this paper, we explore the droop control strategy, implemented by power electronics units, to maintain a stable AC bus voltage without the need for a separate (central) communication layer. In particular, our suggested control method is based on adaptive control. Fundamentally in microgrids, due to the effects of feeder and line impedance, the droop control method is subject to real and reactive power coupling and steady-state reactive power sharing errors, and in particular for complex microgrid configurations, the reactive power sharing poses certain challenges. To improve the reactive power sharing equalization, an enhanced adaptive strategy has been utilized to calculate a droop coefficient for reactive power control, where the reactive power error has been compensated through the injection of small real power disturbances. Root locus analysis of a representative microgrid has been undertaken to confirm that stable solutions are feasible.
Field experiments on low-rate turbo coding and soft-decision decoding for broadband packet DS-CDMA wireless access in reverse link (2005)

This paper investigates the practical effects of low-rate turbo coding and its soft-decision decoding considering the influence of path timing detection, channel estimation, and pre-decoder level adjustment for broadband packet DS-CDMA in the reverse link in a real multipath Rayleigh fading channel. Field experiments are conducted in an urban environment using the implemented broadband DS-CDMA transceiver at the average vehicular speed of approximately 30 km/h. The experimental results elucidate that accurate path timing detection and channel estimation of each packet frame are achieved by taking advantage of the dedicated pilot channel for the use of low-rate turbo coding (i.e., actual spreading factor value of data channel is nearly one). We clarify that by employing turbo coding with the coding rate of R = 1/8, the required average received signal energy per bit-to-interference plus background noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub b//I/sub o/) at the average packet error rate (PER) of 10'2 is decreased by approximately 1.0 to 1.5 dB compared to that with R = 1/2. Furthermore, we show that the additional improvements by reducing R to 1/16 are small assuming the same chip rate and employing two-branch antenna diversity reception associated with coherent Rake combining for broadband DS-CDMA with a 40-MHz bandwidth.
P‐glycoprotein increases the efflux of the androgen dihydrotestosterone and reduces androgen responsive gene activity in prostate tumor cells (2003)

Androgen responsiveness may be modulated by P-gp in prostate cancer cells. The biological consequences of increased P-gp expression are decreased androgen accumulation and a corresponding decrease in androgen-regulated transcriptional activity and PSA gene expression.
Associations Between Anticholinergic Burden and Adverse Health Outcomes in Parkinson Disease (P3.349) (2016)

Objectives: The primary objectives of our study were to determine if inpatient anticholinergic burden in Parkinson disease (PD) was associated with a diagnosis of fracture and delirium. Secondary objectives were to examine whether anticholinergic burden increased the risk of emergency department (ED) visit and inpatient readmission within 30-days of discharge. Background: Medications used in the treatment of cardiovascular, genitourinary, and psychiatric conditions have anticholinergic effects in the brain. PD patients are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of anticholinergic medications due to disease-related disruption of central cholinergic pathways. Pharmacoepidemiology data in PD are limited. Methods: We examined dispensed medications, diagnoses, and readmission in a cohort of 16,302 PD inpatients admitted to hospitals subscribed to Cerner Health Facts, an electronic medical record platform, between 2000 and 2011. Anticholinergic burden was assessed using the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS). Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute the odds of fracture and delirium compared to ARS score = 0 for categories of anticholinergic burden. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the 30-day ED visit and inpatient readmission risk associated with increasing anticholinergic burden. Results: Use of non-PD medications with moderate to very strong anticholinergic potential was common (57.8[percnt]). Individuals with the highest ARS score (≥4) had an increased odds of fracture (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.04, 95[percnt] CI: 1.60-2.59) and delirium (AOR: 1.61, 95[percnt] CI: 1.08-2.40) compared to those with no anticholinergic burden. Similarly, individuals with the highest ARS score were at increased risk of ED visit (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.32, 95[percnt] CI: 1.10-1.58) and inpatient readmission (AHR: 1.16, 95[percnt] CI: 1.01-1.33) within 30-days of discharge. Conclusions: We found a positive association between increased anticholinergic burden and adverse health outcomes among individuals with PD. Additional studies are needed to better understand the risks of anticholinergic medications in PD.
Curriculum Management and CEAB Outcome Reporting: Recent Activities at the University of British Columbia (2013)

Since 2010, the departments of Civil Engineering, and Electrical and Computer Engineering have partnered in the development of a program assessment protocol aimed at determining how well graduating students achieve independently created Program Learning Goals (PLGs). More recently, the departments are working together to prepare for CEAB Accreditation visits in 2014. This has been a fruitful partnership in part because of the very different undergraduate engineering programs offered by the two departments.This paper reports the curriculum management approach that has emerged from the collaboration between the twoengineering departments, data that has been collected to test hypothesized assessment protocols, and results from a pilot data collection process developed for CEAB outcomes and continual improvement purposes. The paper highlights the management approach, which is based on the conceptualization of the engineering programs as socio-curricular systems, the development of PLG indices, and results from the pilot CEAB outcomes reporting that involves the collection of triangulated data, i.e. the collection of data from the faculty perspective, the student perspective, and the perspective of the Professional Engineering community.
Comparison of SLICF with C4 for flip chip bonding with Au, Cu, Pd and Ag studs with SAC solder (2013)

Flip Chip (FC) interconnects for 3D, 2.5D and wafer level packaging (WLP) are fast becoming a common package for high performance applications. One of key challenges identify in assembly lie in the fine pitch of FC interconnect to the substrate. This paper looks into an instantaneous fluxless bonding techniques of solid liquid interdiffusion by compressive force (SLICF) to form FC joints of Au, Cu, Pd coated Cu (Pd-Cu) and Ag with lead free SnAgCu (SAC) solder. The bumped chip with SAC solder bumps is then FC bonded onto the Au, Cu, Pd-Cu and Ag studs with macroscopic and microscopic analysis using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX) is performed to identify the intermetallics with its joint integrity assessed. Poor interconnect observed for Cu and Pd-Cu studs with plasma cleaning. Both Au and Ag demonstrated to be a good candidate to enable WLP interconnect for production for fine pitch FC applications. Ag provides a good alternative to Au for low cost flip chip technology as Ag provides a lower intermetallic growth rate than Au. Further process optimization is needed to enhance the reliability.
A study on fire prediction method using air quality measurement sensors of smart indoor parking lot (2021)

We proposed a technology for predicting the degree of fire anomaly by machine learning using the air quality sensor of the indoor parking lot. Recently, artificial intelligence models for early detection of fires in parking spaces are being developed. In order to develop an artificial intelligence model, it is necessary to first collect air quality sensor data when a fire occurs. In this study, it was found that CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , PM2.5, and VOC have a major influence on fire through fire tests using air quality sensors. In this paper, an autoencoder-based anomaly detection method was used for fire prediction, and when the collected data exceeds the threshold, the risk of fire is predicted to be high.
Reconstituted fusion liposomes for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo (2000)

With reference to the publication of the Offer Memorandum today, Brill and De Gruyter jointly announce that de Gruyter is making a recommended public offer to all Securityholders for all Securities at an Offer Price of EUR 27.50 per Security (cum dividend).
A Real-Time Ultraviolet Radiation Imaging System Using an Organic Photoconductive Image Sensor (2018)

We have developed a real time ultraviolet (UV) imaging system that can visualize both invisible UV light and a visible (VIS) background scene in an outdoor environment. As a UV/VIS image sensor, an organic photoconductive film (OPF) imager is employed. The OPF has an intrinsically higher sensitivity in the UV wavelength region than those of conventional consumer Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CIS) or Charge Coupled Devices (CCD). As particular examples, imaging of hydrogen flame and of corona discharge is demonstrated. UV images overlapped on background scenes are simply made by on-board background subtraction. The system is capable of imaging weaker UV signals by four orders of magnitude than that of VIS background. It is applicable not only to future hydrogen supply stations but also to other UV/VIS monitor systems requiring UV sensitivity under strong visible radiation environment such as power supply substations.
A Constraint-Based Control Architecture for Acting and Reasoning in Autonomous Robots (1995)

In this paper we will address several architectural decisions in defining a software control architecture for mobile robots. Our system is a collection of control primitives that enables the development of simulations or control algorithms for autonomous agents. Its computational capabilities are determined by an object-oriented constraint-based architecture. We discuss how high level knowledge, skills, goal-driven and reactive behavior are integrated within such an architecture. Our goal is to design a framework that enables the merging of classic and reactive implementation ideas. We will show, that each such type of control can be implemented in our system. The issues of task decomposition and granularity are given special attention, as they lie at the basis of our architecture. We discuss two learning methods supported by our system. The first is based on environment exploration, while the second copes with skill acquisition. Our robot, cyclops , is a LEGO mini-robot based on the 6...
Reducing RFID reader load with the meet-in-the-middle strategy (2012)

When tag privacy is required in radio frequency identification (ID) system, a reader needs to identify, and optionally authenticate, a multitude of tags without revealing their IDs. One approach for identification with lightweight tags is that each tag performs pseudo-random function with his unique embedded key. In this case, a reader (or a back-end server) needs to perform a brute-force search for each tag-reader interaction, whose cost gets larger when the number of tags increases. In this paper, we suggest a simple and efficient identification technique that reduces readers computation to O(√N log N) without increasing communication cost. Our technique is based on the well-known "meet-in-the- middle" strategy used in the past to attack symmetric ciphers.
Mapping the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect toward MACS J0717.5+3745 with NIKA (2016)

Measurement of the gas velocity distribution in galaxy clusters provides insight into the physics of mergers, through which large scale structures form in the Universe. Velocity estimates within the intracluster medium (ICM) can be obtained via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect, but its observation is challenging both in term of sensitivity requirement and control of systematic effects, including the removal of contaminants. In this paper we report resolved observations, at 150 and 260 GHz, of the SZ effect toward the triple merger MACS J0717.5+3745 ( z = 0.55), using data obtained with the NIKA camera at the IRAM 30 m telescope. Assuming that theSZ signal is the sum of a thermal (tSZ) and a kinetic (kSZ) component and by combining the two NIKA bands, we extract for the first time a resolved map of the kSZ signal in a cluster. The kSZ signal is dominated by a dipolar structure that peaks at −5.1 and + 3.4 σ , corresponding to two subclusters moving respectively away and toward us and coincident with the cold dense X-ray core and a hot region undergoing a major merging event. We model the gas electron density and line-of-sight velocity of MACS J0717.5+3745 as four subclusters. Combining NIKA data with X-ray observations from XMM-Newton and Chandra , we fit this model to constrain the gas line-of-sight velocity of each component, and we also derive, for the first time, a velocity map from kSZ data (i.e. that is model-dependent). Our results are consistent with previous constraints on the merger velocities, and thanks to the high angular resolution of our data, we are able to resolve the structure of the gas velocity. Finally, we investigate possible contamination and systematic effects with a special care given to radio and submillimeter galaxies. Among the sources that we detect with NIKA, we find one which is likely to be a high redshift lensed submillimeter galaxy.
A New Dual-Frequency Liquid Crystal Lens with Ring-and-Pie Electrodes and a Driving Scheme to Prevent Disclination Lines and Improve Recovery Time (2011)

A new liquid crystal lens design is proposed to improve the recovery time with a ring-and-pie electrode pattern through a suitable driving scheme and using dual-frequency liquid crystals (DFLC) MLC-2048. Compared with the conventional single hole-type liquid crystal lens, this new structure of the DFLC lens is composed of only two ITO glasses, one of which is designed with the ring-and-pie pattern. For this device, one can control the orientation of liquid crystal directors via a three-stage switching procedure on the particularly-designed ring-and-pie electrode pattern. This aims to eliminate the disclination lines, and using different drive frequencies to reduce the recovery time to be less than 5 seconds. The proposed DFLC lens is shown effective in reducing recovery time, and then serves well as a potential device in places of the conventional lenses with fixed focus lengths and the conventional LC lens with a single circular-hole electrode pattern.
Functional Characterization of the Antibiotic Resistance Reservoir in the Human Microflora (2009)

To understand the process by which antibiotic resistance genes are acquired by human pathogens, we functionally characterized the resistance reservoir in the microbial flora of healthy individuals. Most of the resistance genes we identified using culture-independent sampling have not been previously identified and are evolutionarily distant from known resistance genes. By contrast, nearly half of the resistance genes we identified in cultured aerobic gut isolates (a small subset of the gut microbiome) are identical to resistance genes harbored by major pathogens. The immense diversity of resistance genes in the human microbiome could contribute to future emergence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens.
Power and speed-efficient code transformation of multimedia algorithms for RISC processors (2002)

The upcoming multimedia processing applications will require high memory bandwidth. We estimate that a software reference implementation of an MPEG-4 video decoder typically requires 200 Mtransfers/s to memory to decode 1 CIF (352/spl times/288) video object plane (VOP) at 30 frames/s. This imposes a high penalty in terms of power but also performance. However, we also show that we can heavily improve on the memory accesses and data transfers, without sacrificing speed (even gaining about 10% on cache misses and cycles for a DEC Alpha), by aggressive code transformations. For this purpose, we have applied an extended version of our data transfer and storage exploration methodology, partly supported in the ATOMIUM environment, which was originally developed for custom hardware implementations.
The utility of prostate MRI within active surveillance: description of the evidence (2021)

Abstract Purpose We present an overview of the literature regarding the use of MRI in active surveillance of prostate cancer. Methods Both MEDLINE ® and Cochrane Library were queried up to May 2020 for studies of men on active surveillance with MRI and later confirmatory biopsy. The terms studied were ‘prostate cancer’ as the anchor followed by two of the following: active surveillance, surveillance, active monitoring, MRI, NMR, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, and multiparametric MRI. Studies were excluded if pathologic reclassification (GG1 → ≥ GG2) and PI-RADS or equivalent was not reported. Results Within active surveillance, baseline MRI is effective for identifying clinically significant prostate cancer and thus associated with fewer reclassification events. A positive initial MRI (≥ PI-RADS 3) with GG1 identified at biopsy has a positive predictive value (PPV) of 35–40% for reclassification by 3 years. MRI possessed a stronger negative predictive value, with a negative MRI (≤ PI-RADS 2) yielding a negative predictive value of up to 85% at 3 years. Surveillance MRI, obtained after initial biopsy, yielded a PPV of 11–65% and NPV of 85–95% for reclassification. Conclusion MRI is useful for initial risk stratification of prostate cancer in men on active surveillance, especially if MRI is negative when imaging is obtained during surveillance. While useful, MRI cannot replace biopsy and further research is necessary to fully integrate MRI into active surveillance.
Subsea Rotating Control Head Shop Testing – A Key Step to Assure Subsea Reliability (2004)

Abstract Several deepwater drilling-related and environmental issues have dictated a need for the development of a Subsea Rotating Control Head (RCH). Such a tool may also be referred to as a Subsea Rotating Control Diverter. It’s purpose is to effect more precise pressure management by enabling annulus returns containment, diversion, and/or backpressure to be applied on the wellbore in a subsea environment. Practical applications of such a tool generally fit within the IADC definition of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and include:Alternatative technology to current industry practice of Pumping and Dumping sometimes huge quantities of a heavy viscous mud to the seafloor as a means of overbalancing relatively shallow-to-the-mudline geohazards (abnormally pressured aquifers, gas) when establishing subsea top holes, drilling without a marine riser.For the practice of dual gradient riserless drilling where mud and cuttings may be returned to the rig, this were a subsea RCH diverts returns to a subsea pump.For cost effective riserless drilled exploratory "throw-a-way" or "punch &amp; go" wellbores. Here a subsea RCH with ROV operated choke enables greater wellbore pressure than the mud gradient itself would impart. More precise pressure management is achieved with the pre-selected drilling fluid, resulting in a simplified casing program and deeper open hole.As a component required in a proposed Rierless Top Hole Drilling Package for casing less wellbores when collecting scientific cores in deep water.And, when deployed within a subsea BOP, marine riser, or riser gas handler, function as a subsea annulus barrier, enabling the practice of several variations of dual gradient deepwater drilling. Given the importance of reliability of subsea equipment in general, shop tests that mimic subsea conditions are warranted. Such test results confirm or otherwise quantify a design’s fitness-for-purpose.
Can Jannie verify? Usability of display-equipped RFID tags for security purposes (2013)

The recent emergence of RFID tags capable of performing public key operations enables a number of new applications in commerce (e.g., RFID-enabled credit cards) and security (e.g., ePassports and access-control badges). While the use of public key cryptography in RFID tags mitigates many difficult security issues, certain important usability-related issues remain, particularly when RFID tags are used for financial transactions or bearer identification. In this paper, we focus exclusively on techniques with user involvement for secure user-to-tag authentication, transaction verification, reader expiration and revocation checking, as well as pairing of RFID tags with other personal devices. Our approach is based on two factors: (1) recent advances in hardware and manufacturing have made it possible to mass-produce inexpensive passive display-equipped RFID tags, and (2) high-end RFID tags used in financial transactions or identification are attended by a human user (typically, their owner). Our techniques rely on user involvement coupled with on-tag displays to achieve better security and privacy. Since user acceptance is a crucial factor in this context, we conducted comprehensive user studies to assess usability of all considered methods. This paper reports on our findings.