gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous-phase reforming of Fischer-Tropsch alcohols over nickel-based catalysts to produce hydrogen: Product distribution and reaction pathways (2018)

Catalytic aqueous-phase reforming (APR) can be applied to process the organic compounds in the water fractions derived from the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. This work aimed at finding an active nickel-based catalyst to convert organic compounds typically found in FT-derived waters, such as alcohols, into hydrogen. In addition, this work aimed at proposing potential reaction pathways that explain the product distribution resulting from the APR of C1–C3 alcohols. Solutions with 5% mass fraction of either methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol or propan-2-ol in water were processed in APR at 230 °C and 3.2 MPa over different nickel-based catalysts in a continuous packed-bed reactor. Methanol was successfully reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide with conversions up to 60%. The conversion of C2–C3 alcohols achieved values in the range of 12% to 55%. The results obtained in the APR of C2–C3 alcohols suggest that in addition to reforming to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the alcohols underwent dehydrogenation and decarbonylation. The most stable catalyst, nickel-copper supported on ceria-zirconia, reached feedstock conversions between 20% and 60% and high hydrogen selectivity. Monometallic nickel supported on ceria-zirconia catalysts reached higher H2 yields; however, the yield of side products, such as alkanes, was also higher over the monometallic catalysts. Accordingly, ceria-zirconia nickel-based supported catalysts constitute suitable candidates to process the alcohols in the water fractions derived from the FT synthesis.
Laser-assisted photoporation: fundamentals, technological advances and applications (2016)

Laser-assisted photoporation is a promising technique that is receiving increasing attention for the delivery of membrane impermeable nanoscopic substances into living cells. Photoporation is based on the generation of localized transient pores in the cell membrane using continuous or pulsed laser light. Increased membrane permeability can be achieved directly by focused laser light or in combination with sensitizing nanoparticles for higher throughput. Here, we provide a detailed account on the history and current state-of-the-art of photoporation as a physical nanomaterial delivery technique. We first introduce with a detailed explanation of the mechanisms responsible for cell membrane pore formation, following an overview of experimental procedures for realizing direct laser photoporation. Next, we review the second and most recent method of photoporation that combines laser light with sensitizing NPs. The different mechanisms of pore formation are discussed and an overview is given of the various types of sensitizing nanomaterials. Typical experimental setups to achieve nanoparticle-mediated photoporation are discussed as well. Finally, we discuss the biological and therapeutic applications enabled by photoporation and give our current view on this expanding research field and the challenges and opportunities that remain for the near future.
STED super-resolution imaging of membrane packing and dynamics by exchangeable polarity-sensitive dyes (2021)

ABSTRACT Understanding the plasma membrane nano-scale organisation and dynamics in living cells requires microscopy techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution, permitting for long acquisition times, and that allow for the quantification of membrane biophysical properties such as lipid ordering. Among the most popular super-resolution techniques, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy offers one of the highest temporal resolutions, ultimately defined by the scanning speed. However, monitoring live processes using STED microscopy is significantly limited by photobleaching, which recently has been circumvented by exchangeable membrane dyes that only temporarily reside in the membrane. Here, we show that NR4A, a polarity-sensitive exchangeable plasma membrane probe based on Nile Red, permits the super-resolved quantification of membrane biophysical parameters in real time with high temporal and spatial resolution as well as long acquisition times. The potential of this polarity-sensitive exchangeable dye is showcased by live-cell real-time 3D-STED recordings of bleb formation and lipid exchange during membrane fusion, as well as by STED-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS) experiments for the simultaneous quantification of membrane dynamics and lipid packing, which correlate in model and live-cell membranes.
Crop growth model: Optimal Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Corn for Economic Returns and Environmental Sustainability (2023)

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> Even with the rapid advancement in environmental and crop sensing and transmission of data, crop growth models could fill the analytical gap to enable real-time decision-making for improved profitability and environmental sustainability. An example of a complex management situation needing improved predictions is nitrogen rate and timing for corn (Zea mays L.). Most of the existing decision support tools for N recommendation focus on yield response but fail to embrace biocomplexity and seek to predict systems with low predictability. Our approach seeks to manage the complexity by considering the effect of past and present weather and soil states, and the impact of the N application on the environment in a multi-year scale. To this end, the objective of this research is to compare N management strategies in corn fields using the crop growth model, Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM), and shed light on yield and environmental footprint, using the genetic, environmental, and management information, to manage system complexity. Eleven different N management strategies were evaluated using the environmental and economic indicators. This study provides estimates of yield, N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, and N leaching based on the different rates and timings of N application. It was found that the amount of nitrogen applied with-in the season and its interaction with the rainfall had a significant impact on the corn yield, N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, and N leaching. But splitting the amount of N application at different timings did not have a significant impact on either the economic or the environmental variables. Furthermore, the amount of N leached or N<sub>2</sub>O emitted had a significant impact on corn yield. Although this study was simulated on a field-scale, it could be extrapolated to regional, state, or country-level to help policymakers and stakeholders select the best strategies for improving yield and reducing the negative footprint of fertilizer application.
Three dimensionally configured SQUID vector gradiometers for biomagnetic measurement (2003)

We proposed a composite superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) gradiometer with an axial-type gradiometric pick-up coil and two planar-type gradiometric pick-up coils. Three gradiometers are built into a single module in orthogonal position to each other and the pick-up coils of two planar-type gradiometers are concentric. Therefore, the sensor can detect magnetic fields elicited by action currents in a living body as a quasi three-dimensional vector at a specific point. The outward form of the sensors is identical to our conventional axial-type gradiometric SQUID magnetometer. Therefore, the new sensor can be mounted on our conventional sensor array without large modification. We applied the new sensors to the SQUID magnetometer system for the spinal cord evoked magnetic fields and successfully measured the magnetic fields from the spinal cords from small animals.
(Invited) Development of CMOS-MEMS Cointegrated Pressure Sensor Using Minimal Fab Process (2020)

PVD-TiN metal gate PMOSFETs and CMOS ring oscillators have successfully been fabricated on circular diaphragms using the developed Minimal Fab CMOS-MEMS cointegrated gate-last process, and their electrical characteristics have systematically been investigated by changing applied pressures to the diaphragms. It was found that the drain current variation (dI d ) in the &lt;110&gt; channel PMOSFETs is larger than that in the &lt;100&gt; channel ones. The origin of dI d is the mechanical stress-induced mobility change. It was also confirmed that the oscillation frequency of the fabricated CMOS ring oscillator on a circular diaphragm changes from 372 to 405 kHz at different pressures of -30 and +30 kPa. This result implies that the fabricated CMOS-MEMS cointegrated sensor chip is operated as a pressure sensor. The developed CMOS-MEMS cointegrated pressure sensor is suitable for the application to the battery drive IoT sensor systems because the all CMOS integration of the sensor has a low-power consumption.
Role of epidermal γδ T‐cell‐derived interleukin 13 in the skin‐whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1 (2014)

Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite of ginsenoside Rg1. Although GF1 has several benefits for skin physiology, the effect of GF1 on skin pigmentation has not been reported. We found that a cream containing 0.1% GF1 showed a significant whitening effect on artificially tanned human skin after 8 weeks of application. However, GF1 did not inhibit mRNA expression of tyrosinase or dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) or cocultured NHEMs/normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Interestingly, GF1 enhanced production of interleukin 13 (IL-13) from human epidermal γδ T cells. IL-13 significantly reduced the mRNA expression and protein amount of both tyrosinase and DCT and reduced melanin synthesis activities in NHEMs, resulting in visible brightening of NHEM pellet. These results suggest that enhancement of IL-13 production by GF1 from epidermal γδ T cells might play a role in the skin-whitening effect of GF1 via the suppression of tyrosinase and DCT.
Piperonyl butoxide-mediated inhibition of cytochrome P450-catalysed insecticide metabolism: a rational approach (1999)

The inhibitory effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on cytochrome P450 was studied by theoretical methods. Binding conformations of PBO were obtained by the recently developed low-mode conformational search within the active site of cytochrome P450cam. Increased activity of PBO relative to other methylendioxyphenyl inhibitors was rationalized by its decreased conformational mobility and the steric block created by its long side-chain in the substrate access channel of the enzyme. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Single Cell Imaging of Nuclear Architecture Changes (2019)

The dynamic architecture of chromatin, the macromolecular complex comprised primarily of DNA and histones, is vital for eukaryotic cell growth. Chemical and conformational changes to chromatin are important markers of functional and developmental processes in cells. However, chromatin architecture regulation has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, novel approaches to assessing chromatin changes at the single-cell level are required. Here we report the use of FTIR imaging and microfluidic cell-stretcher chips to assess changes to chromatin architecture and its effect on the mechanical properties of the nucleus in immune cells. FTIR imaging enables label-free chemical imaging with subcellular resolution. By optimizing the FTIR methodology and coupling it with cell segmentation analysis approach, we have identified key spectral changes corresponding to changes in DNA levels and chromatin conformation at the single cell level. By further manipulating live single cells using pressure-driven microfluidics, we found that chromatin decondensation - either during general transcriptional activation or during specific immune cell maturation - can ultimately lead to nuclear auxeticity which is a new biological phenomenon recently identified. Taken together our findings demonstrate the tight and, potentially bilateral, link between extra-cellular mechanotransduction and intra-cellular nuclear architecture.
The use of high-intensity focused ultrasound for noninvasive surgery (1995)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can be used to destroy tissue invivo; recent applications of this modality to the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) have met with significant success. The lesions formed by focused ultrasound can be induced by both thermal and mechanical (cavitation) mechanisms. However, the relative contributions of these two mechanisms, under varied HIFU parameters, are often difficult to ascertain. Descriptions are presented of some simple experiments designed to elucidate the relative roles of cavitation and thermal effects in specific tissues; these tests were undertaken in turkey breast tissues, but seem to correlate well with previous invivo experiments in dogs and humans. The experiments indicate that cavitation, once induced, tends to shorten and broaden the thermally induced lesions, suggesting that the presence of free gas generated by the cavitation blocks passage of the ultrasound.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Enantioselective Deprotonation of 4‐Substituted Cyclohexanones by Chiral Bidentate Lithium Amides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fusobacterium nucleatumin colorectal carcinoma tissue and patient prognosis (2015)

The amount of F. nucleatum DNA in colorectal cancer tissue is associated with shorter survival, and may potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker. Our data may have implications in developing cancer prevention and treatment strategies through targeting GI microflora by diet, probiotics and antibiotics.
Clinical and biological characterization of skeletal muscle tissue biopsies of surgical cancer patients (2019)

Continued collaboration between researchers and cancer surgeons enables a more complete understanding of mechanisms of cancer-associated muscle atrophy. Standardization of biobanking practices, tissue manipulation, patient characterization, and classification will enhance the consistency, reliability, and comparability of future studies.
Predicting Stability of Slope by Amplitude and Coherence Using a Naïve Bayes Classifier (2023)

Abstract: Slope instability is a challenge in both mining and civil engineering industries. Current ap-proaches to slope stability analysis are mostly based on slope deformation data provided by mon-itoring equipment. This study proposes a new method to estimate slope stability using amplitude and coherence obtained from slope stability radar data. More than 160,000 data points from 10 slope failures were collected with GroundProbe’s slope stability radar systems. They were used as input dataset in a Naive Bayes model for classification into two groups of stable and unstable slopes. The classifications were conducted based on different range limit values for amplitude and coherence. The findings were validated against slope deformation behavior in each case. The results show that 91 percent of the data that are classified as unstable slope by the Naive Bayes Gaussian method belong to slope failure events and are categorized correctly. The coherence and amplitude range values proposed in this research can be utilized by mining operations to determine the stability of slopes in conjunction with slope deformation and inverse velocity data.
UQ eSpace (1991)

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the nutritional value of tropical browse legumes. The presence of possible deleterious substances in freeze-dried leaf meal produced from Leucaena leucoceohala, Calliandra calothrvsus, Albizia chinensis, Tiouana tiou, Acacia saliana and Gliricidia sepium was evaluated using female rats. Each of the legume leaf meals were included in a commercial rat diet at a level of 0.20. Rats fed the diets containing Leucaena leaf meal and Gliricidia leaf meal exhibited significantly reduced intakes. Apart from those fed the commercial diet the rats fed the experimental diets lost liveweight. Greatest liveweight losses were recorded in rats fed the diet containing Gliricidia (-5.8 g/d) and Calliandra (-2.2 g/d). Rats fed these diets also exhibited reduced foetal numbers. This parameter was also reduced in rats fed the diet containing Tipuana tipu. In a subsequent experiment, an investigation of the extent to which different methods of tannin estimation are reliable was made in order to evaluate the nutritional effects of tannins on feed quality of 12 species of tropical browse legumes. Large variation existed in total phenolic content of the species examined (2.3-20.0%, freeze dried). Drying at 60o C resulted in a lower total phenolic content in most species, but the extent of the depressions was highly variable (2.7-90.0%). Condensed tannin content was also variable between species depending on the analytical method. Acacia angustissima which did not register an anthocyanidin content using butanol-HCl method was found to have condensed tannins (6% DM) when assayed by vanillin-HCl.
The 1974 Congressional Initiative in Budget Making (1975)

While passage of Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 had been proclaimed a major advance in redressing congressional-presidential imbalance, knowledgeable participants and observers remain aware that passage of legislation itself does not guarantee congressional reassertion of leadership in fiscal matters without a corresponding performance. That a compromise between House and Senate versions of legislation was forthcoming became known on June 5, 1974, when Conference Committee announced reaching agreement. Supported by a massive staff effort, conferees had labored long to reconcile HR 7130, passed December 5, 1973, with a Senate version of March 22, 1974. After passage by House on June 18 and by Senate on June 21 and a delayed enrollment, it became Public Law 93-344 (88 Stat 297). Senator Sam Irvin, chairman of Government Operations Committee and Senate Floor Manager, had proclaimed this measure to be most important piece of legislation with which he was involved in his culminating 20-year career in Senate and the finest example of legislative process at work that I have witnessed.' While need for congressional budget reform had been recognized for decades, a major impetus during 20-month congressional struggle with procedural reform was its concern for recouping * The new Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, heralded by some as most important budget reform measure since Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, has objective of enabling Congress to gain a better control over spending priorities and other aspects of budget process. It provides for new congressional institutions, an improved analytical capability, a revised timetable with fiscal year shifted to begin October 1, and a demand on President to furnish additional budget data. It further curtails President's authority to withhold appropriations. Its new Budget Committees, assisted by a new Congressional Budget Office, are to take lead in establishing target relationship between appropriation totals and revenue expectations early in each session and then lead in reaffirming congressional position, once appropriation totals are known just before beginning of new fiscal year. It also requires an overt congressional approval of any appropriation rescissions. New officials, tasked with carrying out Act, concur in difficulty of this undertaking because of stringent time limitations, complexity of forces to be reconciled, and scope of decisions to be made.
RENEW: Programmable and Observable Massive MIMO Networks (2018)

Massive MIMO is one of the key technologies in 5G wireless broadband, capable of delivering substantial improvements in capacity of next-generation wireless networks. However, due to its inherent complexity, its operation, reconfiguration, and enhancement present significant challenges and risks. In this paper we present RENEW, a fully programmable and observable massive MIMO network. We present the architectural design for full programmability at every layer of the wireless stack, from the radio hardware, including PHY and MAC layer configurations, all the way up to the network core functionality using network function virtualization. We also present mechanisms to enable observability at every layer of the stack. These include various indicators in the radio and core access network, hence enabling effective monitoring, troubleshooting, and performance evaluation of the network at large.
Cytotoxic T Cell Responses against Mesothelioma by Apoptotic Cell-pulsed Dendritic Cells (2004)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an uncommon tumor largely confined to the thoracic cavity, which is resistant to conventional therapies, therefore prompting an intensive search for effective treatment alternatives. This study focuses on dendritic cell (DC) vaccination for malignant pleural mesothelioma and evaluates the in vitro efficacy of antigen-loaded DC-based vaccines for the induction of major histocompatibility complex Class I-restricted antimesothelioma cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. The source of tumor-associated antigens for HLA-A2(+) DCs from healthy donors was apoptotic HLA-A2(-) mesothelioma cells either lacking or expressing heat shock protein 70 according to whether tumor cells were heat shocked or not before ultraviolet-mediated apoptosis. Our results show that both apoptotic preparations were equivalent regarding the responsiveness of DCs to combined treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and poly(inosinic-cytidylic) acid, as determined by similar increased expression of costimulatory molecules and interleukin-12 production. However, only DCs loaded with apoptotic heat shock protein 70-expressing cells were found to be potent in vitro inducers of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against HLA-A2(+) mesothelioma cells. Such elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes also exhibit cytotoxic activity against an HLA-A2(+) melanoma cell line, suggesting recognition of shared antigens. These findings therefore carry the potential of offering an alternative, promising approach for the therapy of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.
The Deposition of Ru and RuO2 Films for DRAM Electrode (2010)

Ru and RuO2 films were deposited from Torus, a blend of RuO4. At low hydrogen dose RuO2 films were deposited at 200ºC. With sufficient dosing of hydrogen, Ru films were obtained; either a high enough hydrogen pressure or plasma was used. Process temperatures between 100ºC and 250ºC were explored. At 100ºC the process behaves like ALD, while at 200ºC thermal decomposition is dominating. Above 200ºC the decomposition of RuO4 increases rapidly. The deposited films are smooth and with low impurities.