gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and acoustic noise insensitive Brillouin random fiber laser based on polarization-maintaining random fiber grating (2019)

Thermal and acoustic noises are crucial to the long-term stability of fiber lasers, as it introduces the fluctuation of optical path length on laser cavity, and hence imposing undesirable intensity noise and frequency drift, particularly for a random fiber laser with distributed Rayleigh scattering feedback from a long length fiber. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a thermal and acoustic noise insensitive Brillouin random fiber laser by utilizing the random feedback from a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber-based random grating. A theoretical model is developed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to analyze environmental perturbation on the randomly induced refractive index modulation via a PM random grating. Both the theory and experiments show that the scattered optical intensity of the PM random fiber grating exhibits a weak dependence on the temperature fluctuation and the acoustic noise perturbation compared to that of the Rayleigh scattering from hundreds of meters of PM fibers, leading to the Brillouin random lasing radiation with a 20 dB relative intensity noise suppression in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1 kHz.
Enhancing Parameter-Free Frank Wolfe with an Extra Subproblem (2020)

Aiming at convex optimization under structural constraints, this work introduces and analyzes a variant of the Frank Wolfe (FW) algorithm termed ExtraFW. The distinct feature of ExtraFW is the pair of gradients leveraged per iteration, thanks to which the decision variable is updated in a prediction-correction (PC) format. Relying on no problem dependent parameters in the step sizes, the convergence rate of ExtraFW for general convex problems is shown to be ${\cal O}(\frac{1}{k})$, which is optimal in the sense of matching the lower bound on the number of solved FW subproblems. However, the merit of ExtraFW is its faster rate ${\cal O}\big(\frac{1}{k^2} \big)$ on a class of machine learning problems. Compared with other parameter-free FW variants that have faster rates on the same problems, ExtraFW has improved rates and fine-grained analysis thanks to its PC update. Numerical tests on binary classification with different sparsity-promoting constraints demonstrate that the empirical performance of ExtraFW is significantly better than FW, and even faster than Nesterov's accelerated gradient on certain datasets. For matrix completion, ExtraFW enjoys smaller optimality gap, and lower rank than FW.
Synthesis of murine leukemia virus plus strong stop DNA initiates at a unique site. (1982)

The 5'-terminal segment of plus strong stop DNA has been isolated from an endogenous virion reverse transcription reaction and characterized. The plus strong stop DNA is shown to initiate with the sequence 5'AATGAAAGA.... The 5'-terminal nucleotide is a deoxyribonucleotide. No residual protein or RNA moiety was found attached to the plus strong stop DNA. Thus, the mechanism which primes plus strand synthesis is still unclear. No evidence for multiple initiation sites or heterogeneous starts is observed. This data indicates that the initiation of plus strong stop DNA synthesis by the virion RNA-dependent DNA polymerase is a precise event which occurs at a unique site on the retrovirus genome.
Abstract 1787: ImmTACs: Bi-functional reagents for redirected tumour cell killing (2011)

Abstract The human immune system can theoretically identify malignant cells by inspecting cell surface Class I HLA -peptide complexes for the presence of disease-associated epitopes. Indeed, many cancer patients generate CD8 cyto-toxic T cell responses to tumour-associated antigens; the majority of patients, however, fail to clear tumours since T cell avidity for self-antigens tends to be weak, and cancer cells employ escape mechanisms for avoiding destruction by T cells. To overcome these issues, we have engineered novel, bi-functional protein therapeutics termed ImmTACs (Immune Mobilising mTCR Against Cancer) which re-direct the immune system to target and destroy tumour cells with a high degree of potency and specificity. An ImmTAC comprises a high affinity ‘monoclonal’ T cell Receptor (mTCR) targeting a cancer-associated HLA-peptide complex, fused to an anti-CD3 scFv domain which activates an anti-tumour T cell response. We demonstrate that ImmTACs against a number of different cancer-associated antigens can target and kill tumour cells expressing as few as 10-20 epitopes per cell with pico-Molar potency. ImmTACs preferentially activate effector memory CD8 T cells, resulting in secretion of multiple cytokines and tumour cell killing; a single activated T cell can kill multiple antigen positive tumour cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reagents are able to inhibit tumour growth in mouse xenograft models. In vitro ImmTAC potency translates to a dose of less than 1mg in humans, representing a significant advance over existing targeted anti-cancer therapies. Currently we are conducting a phase I dose-escalation trial and Phase 0 exploratory trial using ImmTAC-gp100 in late stage melanoma patients. In summary, ImmTACs offers a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of various cancers with the potential to provide major benefits over current treatments including reduction in dose to sub-mg quantities and an improved safety profile. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1787. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1787
A Guide to Early Irish Law (1990)

Journal Article A Guide to Early Irish Law Get access Kelly Fergus, A Guide to Early Irish Law. Early Irish Law Series vol. 3. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1988. xxiv, 358 pp. £16.00. F.W. Harris F.W. Harris Mineola, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 34, Issue 4, October 1990, Pages 420–422, https://doi.org/10.2307/845834 Published: 01 October 1990
Supplementary Tables S1-S4 from Pathway-Enriched Gene Signature Associated with 53BP1 Response to PARP Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Molecular features of breast cancer cell line panel with doubling time, receptor status, gene cluster status, breast cancer subtypes, and mutation status; Supplementary Table S2: IC50 values for each PARP inhibitor with SD for replicate experiments; Supplementary Table S3: Fold-change differences in IC50 values between talazoparib versus olaparib, and olaparib versus veliparib; Supplementary Table S4. Mutated genes in triple-negative breast cancer patients with druggable potential&lt;/p&gt;
Complement inhibitor CSMD1 acts as tumor suppressor in human breast cancer (2016)

Human CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) is a membrane-bound complement inhibitor suggested to act as a putative tumor suppressor gene, since allelic loss of this region encompassing 8p23 including CSMD1 characterizes various malignancies. Here, we assessed the role of CSMD1 as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that human breast tumor tissues expressed CSMD1 at lower levels compared to that in normal mammary tissues. The decreased expression of CSMD1 was linked to a shorter overall survival of breast cancer patients. We also revealed that expression of CSMD1 in human breast cancer cells BT-20 and MDA-MB-231 significantly inhibited their malignant phenotypes, including migration, adhesion and invasion. Conversely, stable silencing of CSMD1 expression in T47D cells enhanced cancer cell migratory, adherent and clonogenic abilities. Moreover, expression of CSMD1 in the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells diminished their signaling potential as well as their stem cell-like properties as assessed by measurement of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In a xenograft model, expression of CSMD1 blocked the ability of cancer cells to metastasize to secondary sites in vivo, likely via inhibiting local invasion but not the extravasation into distant tissues. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the role of CSMD1 as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer.
Molecular assemblies of the catalytic domain of SOS with KRas and oncogenic mutants (2021)

Ras is regulated by a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son of Sevenless (SOS), which facilitates the exchange of inactive, GDP-bound Ras with GTP. The catalytic activity of SOS is also allosterically modulated by an active Ras (Ras-GTP). However, it remains poorly understood how oncogenic Ras mutants interact with SOS and modulate its activity. Here, native ion mobility-mass spectrometry is employed to monitor the assembly of the catalytic domain of SOS (SOS<sup>cat</sup>) with KRas and three cancer-associated mutants (G12C, G13D, and Q61H), leading to the discovery of different molecular assemblies and distinct conformers of SOS<sup>cat</sup> engaging KRas. We also find KRas<sup>G13D</sup> exhibits high affinity for SOS<sup>cat</sup> and is a potent allosteric modulator of its activity. A structure of the KRas<sup>G13D</sup>•SOS<sup>cat</sup> complex was determined using cryogenic electron microscopy providing insight into the enhanced affinity of the mutant protein. In addition, we find that KRas<sup>G13D</sup>-GTP can allosterically increase the nucleotide exchange rate of KRas at the active site more than twofold compared to KRas-GTP. Furthermore, small-molecule Ras•SOS disruptors fail to dissociate KRas<sup>G13D</sup>•SOS<sup>cat</sup> complexes, underscoring the need for more potent disruptors. Taken together, a better understanding of the interaction between oncogenic Ras mutants and SOS will provide avenues for improved therapeutic interventions.
The MHC class I–like Fc receptor promotes humorally mediated autoimmune disease (2004)

The MHC class I family-like Fc receptor, FcRn, is normally responsible for extending the life span of serum IgG Ab's, but whether this molecule contributes to autoimmune pathogenesis remains speculative. To determine directly whether this function contributes to humoral autoimmune disease, we examined whether a deficiency in the FcRn heavy chain influences autoimmune arthritis in the K/BxN mouse model. FcRn deficiency conferred either partial or complete protection in the arthritogenic serum transfer and the more aggressive genetically determined K/BxN autoimmune arthritis models. The protective effects of an FcRn deficiency could be overridden with excessive amounts of pathogenic IgG Ab's. The therapeutic saturation of FcRn by high-dose intravenous IgG (IVIg) also ameliorated arthritis, directly implicating FcRn blockade as a significant mechanism of IVIg's anti-inflammatory action. The results suggest that FcRn is a potential therapeutic target that links the initiation and effector phases of humoral autoimmune disease.
Carbohydrate-binding protein CLEC14A regulates VEGFR-2– and VEGFR-3–dependent signals during angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis (2016)

Controlled angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are essential for tissue development, function, and repair. However, aberrant neovascularization is an essential pathogenic mechanism in many human diseases, including diseases involving tumor growth and survival. Here, we have demonstrated that mice deficient in C-type lectin family 14 member A (CLEC14A) display enhanced angiogenic sprouting and hemorrhage as well as enlarged jugular lymph sacs and lymphatic vessels. CLEC14A formed a complex with VEGFR-3 in endothelial cells (ECs), and CLEC14A KO resulted in a marked reduction in VEGFR-3 that was concomitant with increases in VEGFR-2 expression and downstream signaling. Implanted tumor growth was profoundly reduced in CLEC14A-KO mice compared with that seen in WT littermates, but tumor-bearing CLEC14A-KO mice died sooner. Tumors in CLEC14A-KO mice had increased numbers of nonfunctional blood vessels and severe hemorrhaging. Blockade of VEGFR-2 signaling suppressed these vascular abnormalities and enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing CLEC14A-KO mice. We conclude that CLEC14A acts in vascular homeostasis by fine-tuning VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 signaling in ECs, suggesting its relevance in the pathogenesis of angiogenesis-related human disorders.
Air-ground channel characterization for unmanned aircraft systems: The mountainous environment (2015)

● Accurate AG channel models important to UAS - Dual-band, SIMO AG channel measurements ● Mountainous flight tests → large database for modeling path loss, fading, dispersion, correlations - Log-distance model for path loss - K-factors ∼14 dB in L-band & 29.5 dB in C-band - Avg RMS-DS 10 ns w/max 174 ns - Channels in two bands uncorrelated - Channels in same band highly correlated
ChemInform Abstract: Carbenes and the O‐H Bond: Bicycloalkylidenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flexible solid state lithium batteries based on graphene inks (2011)

Different formulations of solution-processable graphene have been characterised as electrode materials for use in electrochemical energy storage devices. Graphene was fabricated by chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide (GO), and modified with either p-type (e.g. polyaniline) or n-type anionic groups (poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS−) and poly[2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)-1,4-ethynylphenylene-alt-1,4-ethynylphenylene] sodium salt (PPE-SO3−) anion). Solutions of these graphene compounds were deposited on charge collecting electrodes and used as battery cathodes. Electrodes using the anionically-modified graphene inks containing anatase titanate (TiO2) nanoparticles show improved performance over pristine graphene ink as well as the p-type conducting polymer modified ones. In addition, the open circuit voltage of batteries based on TiO2 has been boosted over 3 V with good cyclability when mixed with the graphene ink. Combined with a polymer electrolyte, this work suggests a feasible route towards fully printable rechargeable lithium batteries based on graphene inks. This approach is both versatile and scalable and is adaptable to a wide variety of applications.
Serum protein immunogenicity: Implications for liver xenografting (2000)

The objectives of this study were threefold: (i) assess immunogenicity of donor plasma proteins following hepatic xenotransplantation, (ii) identify potential immunogens, and (iii) consider the implications of antibody formation against these plasma proteins in xenograft survival. We studied liver and heart xenografts in a concordant combination, hamster to rat. All grafts were examined at necropsy for evidence of rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition. Cardiac xenografts were placed in recipients who had, or had not, been sensitized with hamster serum. Hepatic xenografts were placed in naive recipients to see if antibodies to hamster serum proteins could be eluted from the rejecting organ. Sera of immunized rats were examined for the presence of anti-hamster antibodies by immunoelectrophoresis and by Western blotting following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separation of hamster serum. Antibodies in sera of immunized rats were compared with those eluted from rejecting livers. Candidate antigens were identified by tandem mass spectrometry, sequence analysis, and reference to protein databases. Results showed that sera of immunized rats recognized a minimum of four different antigens in hamster serum by immunoelectrophoresis, and a minimum of seven by the more sensitive SDS-PAGE Western blot. IgG eluted from rejecting livers bound three of seven candidate antigens recognized by sera of the immunized animals. Sequence analysis searches revealed proteinase inhibitors in each of the three SDS-PAGE bands common to the above samples. All of these candidate proteinase inhibitor immunogens share a common catabolic fate, uptake via the lipoprotein-related protein (LRP/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (CD91). Sensitization to hamster serum proteins hastened cardiac xenograft rejection in 30-50% of recipients (depending on sensitization protocol). Vascular deposition of rat IgG occurred in all rejecting xenografts. Antibody binding to proteinase inhibitors could disturb their functional activity and contribute to the pathogenesis of delayed xenograft rejection.
In-vitro anti Myxovirus Activity and Mechanism of Antiinfluenzavirus Activity of Polyoxometalates PM-504 and PM-523 (1996)

Sixty polyoxometalates were examined for anti-influenza A virus (FluV-A) activity in vitro. Two of the most potent and least cytotoxic compounds, PM-504 K 9 H 5 (Ge 2 Ti 6 W 18 O 77 )16H 2 O] and PM-523 (iPrNH 3 ) 6 H [PTi2W 10 O 38 (O 2 )9H 2 O 2 ] were selected for further studies. Examination of the antiviral effects of PM-504 and PM-523 against other human ortho- and paramyxoviruses revealed that both compounds had broad spectrum antimyxovirus activities. From a time of addition study and FACS analysis for influenza A virus infected cells, the compounds were found not to inhibit binding of virus to MDCK cells. However, these compounds inhibited haemolysis of chicken erythrocytes by virus and also inhibited fluorescence dequenching of octadecylrhodamine B-labelled virus after binding to cells. This indicates that these polyoxometalates inhibited fusion of the virus envelope to the cellular membrane.
Active learning of quantum system Hamiltonians yields query advantage (2023)

Hamiltonian learning is an important procedure in quantum system identification, calibration, and successful operation of quantum computers. Through queries to the quantum system, this procedure seeks to obtain the parameters of a given Hamiltonian model and description of noise sources. Standard techniques for Hamiltonian learning require careful design of queries and $O({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$ queries in achieving learning error $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ due to the standard quantum limit. With the goal of efficiently and accurately estimating the Hamiltonian parameters within learning error $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ through minimal queries, we introduce an active learner that is given an initial set of training examples and the ability to interactively query the quantum system to generate new training data. To ensure applicability on near-term quantum hardware, the active learner operates in batch mode as opposed to sequentially, proposing batches of queries to be made during learning. We formally specify and experimentally assess the performance of this Hamiltonian active learning (HAL) algorithm for learning the six parameters of a two-qubit cross-resonance Hamiltonian on four different superconducting IBM quantum devices. Compared with standard techniques for the same problem and a specified learning error, HAL achieves more than a $95%$ reduction in queries required, and upwards of $33%$ reduction over a sequential active learner. Moreover, with access to prior information on a subset of Hamiltonian parameters and given the ability to select queries with linearly (or exponentially) longer system interaction times during learning, HAL can exceed the standard quantum limit and achieve Heisenberg (or super-Heisenberg) limited convergence rates during learning.
Modeling domain behavior in magneto-optic recording (1990)

Two methods of modeling the domain behavior during the magneto-optic write process are reviewed and contrasted. One model divides the medium into discrete cells and attempts to find a domain configuration which minimizes the energy. The second model assumes that the wall is continuous and finds the domain configuration which minimizes the pressure everywhere on the wall. The predictions of the models are compared. An ad hoc model for the nucleation process is also presented.
Design and Synthesis of a Peptide That Binds Specific DNA Sequences through Simultaneous Interaction in the Major and in the Minor Groove (2001)

Durch gleichzeitige Wechselwirkung mit der großen und der kleinen Furche der DNA kann eine bifunktionelle Modellverbindung an doppelsträngige DNA binden (siehe Bild); diese Modellverbindung wird durch Verknüpfung der basischen Region eines b-ZIP-Proteins (GCN4) an ein mit dem Antibiotikum Distamycin verwandtes Tripyrrol gebildet. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Survival of Campylobacter jejuni 11168H in Acanthamoebae castellanii Provides Mechanistic Insight into Host Pathogen Interactions (2022)

<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide but is rarely transferred between human hosts. Although a recognized microaerophile, the majority of <i>C. jejuni</i> are incapable of growing in an aerobic environment. The persistence and transmission of this pathogen outside its warm-blooded avian and mammalian hosts is poorly understood. <i>Acanthamoebae</i> species are predatory protists and form an important ecological niche with several bacterial species. Here, we investigate the interaction of <i>C. jejuni</i> 11168H and <i>Acanthamoebae castellanii</i> at the single-cell level. We observe that a subpopulation of <i>C. jejuni</i> cells can resist killing by <i>A. castellanii,</i> and non-digested bacteria are exocytosed into the environment where they can persist. In addition, we observe that <i>A. castellanii</i> can harbor <i>C. jejuni</i> 11168H even upon encystment. Transcriptome analyses of <i>C. jejuni</i> interactions revealed similar survival mechanisms when infecting both <i>A. castellanii</i> and warm-blooded hosts. In particular, nitrosative stress defense mechanisms and flagellum function are important as confirmed by mutational analyses of <i>C. jejuni</i> 11168H. This study describes a new host-pathogen interaction for <i>C. jejuni</i> and confirms that amoebae are transient hosts for the persistence, adaptability, and potential transmission of <i>C. jejuni</i>.
Building a Robust Hybrid III-V-on-Silicon Transceiver (2015)

We review our recent progress in hybrid silicon microring lasers and photodetectors for a hybrid transceiver. High-temperature continuous-wave lasing and high-speed operation in both lasers and photodetectors are demonstrated.
Misalignment-tolerant surface-normal low-voltage modulator for optical interconnects at 1.55 µm (2004)

We introduce an electroabsorption modulator architecture that combines desirable properties of conventional waveguide designs (e.g. low-voltage operation and optical bandwidth) and surface-normal designs (e.g. misalignment tolerance). Results for an InP/InGaAsP implementation are presented.
Efficient analog architectures for DCT processing (2010)

This paper presents for the first time full analog design of three different algorithms for 8 × 8 two Dimensional (2-D) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), using current-mode analog modules. The operation of each processor is explained with block diagrams and circuit diagrams. All these three structures need no memory. Next, three algorithms which are implemented in analog domain, are compared with respect to the number of transistors and power dissipation. Finally, the architecture with matrix simplification is chosen for simulation as it needs only 2752 transistors and dissipates less power, compared to other two architectures. The entire analog 2-D DCT processor has been implemented and laid out in UMC 0.18- μm technology. The post layout simulation results show that average PSNR is 25.6 dB, maximum power dissipation is 5.67 mW and transform speed is less than 70 nS.