gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bounded vector signatures and their applications (2011)

Although malleability is undesirable in traditional digital signatures, schemes with limited malleability properties enable interesting functionalities that may be impossible to obtain otherwise (e.g., homomorphic signatures). In this paper, we introduce a new malleable signature scheme called bounded vector signatures. The proposed scheme allows a user to sign a multi-dimensional vector of values, along with a description of the context within which the vector should be interpreted. The scheme includes a unique malleability property, which we refer to as the stretch property, that allows the components of the signed vector to be increased up to a pre-defined limit without access to the signing key. Decreasing these values, however, remains computationally infeasible. We prove the security of our construction under the strong RSA and decisional Diffie-Hellman assumptions in the random oracle model. Finally, we underscore the utility of bounded vector signatures by discussing their use in distributed systems security applications.
Porous Fibers Templated by Melt Blowing Cocontinuous Immiscible Polymer Blends (2021)

We report a scalable melt blowing method for producing porous nonwoven fibers from model cocontinuous polystyrene/high-density polyethylene polymer blends. While conventional melt compounding of cocontinuous blends typically produces domain sizes ∼1-10 μm, melt blowing these blends into fibers reduces those dimensions up to 35-fold and generates an interpenetrating domain structure. Inclusion of ≤1 wt % of a block copolymer compatibilizer in these blends crucially enables access to smaller domain sizes in the fibers by minimizing thermodynamically-driven blend coarsening inherent to cocontinuous blends. Selective solvent extraction of the sacrificial polymer phase yielded a network of porous channels within the fibers. Fiber surfaces also exhibited pores that percolate into the fiber interior, signifying the continuous and interconnected nature of the final structure. Pore sizes as small as ∼100 nm were obtained, suggesting potential applications of these porous nonwovens that rely on their high surface areas, including various filtration modules.
Bioinformatics and Molecular Insights to Anti-Metastasis Activity of Triethylene Glycol Derivatives (2020)

The anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities of triethylene glycol derivatives have been reported. In this study, we investigated their molecular mechanism(s) using bioinformatics and experimental tools. By molecular dynamics analysis, we found that (i) triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TD-10) and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TD-11) can act as inhibitors of the catalytic domain of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9) by binding to the S1' pocket of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the catalytic Zn ion binding site of MMP-7, and that (ii) TD-11 can cause local disruption of the secondary structure of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) dimer and exhibit stable interaction at the binding interface of VEGFA receptor R1 complex. Cell-culture-based in vitro experiments showed anti-metastatic phenotypes as seen in migration and invasion assays in cancer cells by both TD-10 and TD-11. Underlying biochemical evidence revealed downregulation of VEGF and MMPs at the protein level; MMP-9 was also downregulated at the transcriptional level. By molecular analyses, we demonstrate that TD-10 and TD-11 target stress chaperone mortalin at the transcription and translational level, yielding decreased expression of vimentin, fibronectin and hnRNP-K, and increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagen IV and E-cadherin) endorsing reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling.
Preserving a diffraction-limited beam in Ho:YAG laser using coherent polarization locking (2012)

We overcome several thermal issues present in Ho:YAG lasers by distributing the gain over a larger volume and achieve a diffraction-limited beam using coherent polarization locking. Increased single-pass absorption, suppression of output power saturation, and improvement in beam quality were shown using the coherent polarization locking technique as compared to a conventional Ho:YAG laser cavity with the same pump and cavity configuration. Ten watts of CW Ho:YAG laser power was generated with >96% coherent combining efficiency.
Abstract 20276: Tetralogy of Fallot With Hypoplastic Branch Pulmonary Arteries: Aggressive Patch Augmentation Improves Short-Term Geometry but Increases Risk of Late Re-Interventions (2014)

Introduction: When encountering hypoplastic branch pulmonary arteries (PA) during tetralogy of Fallot repair (TOF), strategies include: 1) patch augment to hilum (PATCH), 2) extending patches into proximal part only (EXTEND), or 3) leave native vessels uninstrumented in anticipation of growth (NATIVE). We tested outcomes for these opposing strategies. Methods: We studied all 434 TOF repairs (2000-12, excluding pulmonary atresia). Risk-adjusted models analyzed competing endstates of branch PA reintervention or death. PA growth was explored via repeated measures analysis of 2123 echo measurements. Subgroup analysis of children with branch PA Results: Overall survival was excellent (99%; 3 deaths). Mean freedom from catheter or surgical re-intervention to branch PAs at 10 years was 84%. In models risk-adjusted for baseline features (including PA size), PATCH augmentation of branch PAs was associated with significantly higher rates of re-intervention (75% freedom; p Branch PA In PATCH(28), EXTEND(60) and REPAIR(75) groups, freedom from re-intervention adjusted for BPA z-score was 60%, 70% and 80% respectively, and patient characteristics were similar (figure). More PATCH children had received PA stents (P=.04), but the majority of all groups had not (figure). Aggressive PATCH strategy was associated with decreased time-related branch PA growth (p=.02, 667 echos). Conclusions: Aggressive patch augmentation of branch PAs improves short-term geometry but may lead to late stenosis and higher rates of re-intervention. Hypoplastic branch PAs in TOF tend to grow well in their native state or with minimal surgical manipulation.
Transfer of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE St3 of Streptococcus thermophilus in Physiological Conditions Mimicking the Human Digestive Ecosystem (2023)

Metagenome analyses of the human microbiome suggest that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is frequent in these rich and complex microbial communities. However, so far, only a few HGT studies have been conducted <i>in vivo</i>. In this work, three different systems mimicking the physiological conditions encountered in the human digestive tract were tested, including (i) the TNO gastro-Intestinal tract Model 1 (TIM-1) system (for the upper part of the intestine), (ii) the ARtificial COLon (ARCOL) system (to mimic the colon), and (iii) a mouse model. To increase the likelihood of transfer by conjugation of the integrative and conjugative element studied in the artificial digestive systems, bacteria were entrapped in alginate, agar, and chitosan beads before being placed in the different gut compartments. The number of transconjugants detected decreased, while the complexity of the ecosystem increased (many clones in TIM-1 but only one clone in ARCOL). No clone was obtained in a natural digestive environment (germfree mouse model). In the human gut, the richness and diversity of the bacterial community would offer more opportunities for HGT events to occur. In addition, several factors (SOS-inducing agents, microbiota-derived factors) that potentially increase <i>in vivo</i> HGT efficiency were not tested here. Even if HGT events are rare, expansion of the transconjugant clones can happen if ecological success is fostered by selecting conditions or by events that destabilize the microbial community. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The human gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining normal host physiology and health, but its homeostasis is fragile. During their transit in the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria conveyed by food can exchange genes with resident bacteria. New traits acquired by HGT (e.g., new catabolic properties, bacteriocins, antibiotic resistance) can impact the gut microbial composition and metabolic potential. We showed here that TIM-1, a system mimicking the upper digestive tract, is a useful tool to evaluate HGT events in conditions closer to the physiological ones. Another important fact pointed out in this work is that Enterococcus faecalis is a good candidate for foreign gene acquisition. Due to its high ability to colonize the gut and acquire mobile genetic elements, this commensal bacterium could serve as an intermediate for HGT in the human gut.
Modes of Wear After Semiconstrained Total Elbow Arthroplasty (2008)

Multimodal wear in total elbow replacements can lead to osteolysis, aseptic loosening, and prosthetic and periprosthetic fracture necessitating revision surgery. Polyethylene wear and damage, as well as unintended metal-on-metal wear, contribute to the periprosthetic particulate burden, which is likely pathogenic in these processes.
Flow detection based on the spatial coherence of backscattered echoes (2014)

Power Doppler imaging is widely used in clinics for flow detection. However, its ability and sensitivity in slow flow detection is limited by thermal noise and clutter. In addition, its frame rate is limited due to the need for a large number of ensembles to obtain sufficient sensitivity in flow detection. Such a need may also result in flash artifacts during moderate tissue motion. We propose an alternative method of flow detection using the spatial coherence of backscatterred ultrasound echoes. The method produces similar or better signal quality of conventional power Doppler techniques, but enhances slow flow detection and frame rate. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method with both simulations and an in-vivo human thyroid study. The results are compared with conventional power Doppler slow-flow detection. It is shown that this method can detect approximately 30% slower flow than conventional power Doppler, or improves the frame rate by a factor of 3 without loss of image quality.
Selective Vectorization for Short-Vector Instructions (2009)

Multimedia extensions are nearly ubiquitous in today's general-purpose processors. These extensions consist primarily of a set of short-vector instructions that apply the same opcode to a vector of operands. Vector instructions introduce a data-parallel component to processors that exploit instruction-level parallelism, and present an opportunity for increased performance. In fact, ignoring a processor's vector opcodes can leave a significant portion of the available resources unused. In order for software developers to find short-vector instructions generally useful, however, the compiler must target these extensions with complete transparency and consistent performance. This paper describes selective vectorization, a technique for balancing computation across a processor's scalar and vector units. Current approaches for targeting short-vector instructions directly adopt vectorizing technology first developed for supercomputers. Traditional vectorization, however, can lead to a performance degradation since it fails to account for a processor's scalar resources. We formulate selective vectorization in the context of software pipelining. Our approach creates software pipelines with shorter initiation intervals, and therefore, higher performance. A key aspect of selective vectorization is its ability to manage transfer of operands between vector and scalar instructions. Even when operand transfer is expensive, our technique is sufficiently sophisticated to achieve significant performance gains. We evaluate selective vectorization on a set of SPEC FP benchmarks. On a realistic VLIW processor model, the approach achieves whole-program speedups of up to 1.35x over existing approaches. For individual loops, it provides speedups of up to 1.75x.
Effects of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms on phenprocoumon anticoagulation status (2004)

The presence of at least 1 CYP2C9*2 or *3 allele in phenprocoumon users is associated with an increased risk of severe overanticoagulation. Similar to warfarin and acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon had a lower dosage requirement in carriers of CYP2C9*2 or *3 compared with that in CYP2C9 wild-type subjects.
An AzTEC 1.1-mm survey for ULIRGs in the field of the Galaxy Cluster MS 0451.6−0305 (2009)

We have undertaken a deep ( 1.1 mJy) 1.1-mm survey of the z = 0.54 cluster MS 0451.6-0305 using the AzTEC camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We detect 36 sources with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) 3.5 in the central 0.10 deg 2 and present the AzTEC map, catalogue and number counts. We identify counterparts to 18 sources (50 per cent) using radio, mid-infrared, Spitzer InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) and Submillimetre Array data. Optical, near-and mid-infrared spectral energy distributions are compiled for the 14 of these galaxies with detectable counterparts, which are expected to contain all likely cluster members. We then use photometric redshifts and colour selection to separate background galaxies from potential cluster members and test the reliability of this technique using archival observations of submillimetre galaxies. We find two potential MS 0451-03 members, which, if they are both cluster galaxies, have a total star formation rate (SFR) of 100 M yr -1 -a significant fraction of the combined SFR of all the other galaxies in MS 0451-03. We also examine the stacked rest-frame mid-infrared, millimetre and radio emission of cluster members below our AzTEC detection limit, and find that the SFRs of mid-IR-selected galaxies in the cluster and redshift-matched field populations are comparable. In contrast, the average SFR of the morphologically classified late-type cluster population is nearly three times less than the corresponding redshift-matched field galaxies. This suggests that these galaxies may be in the process of being transformed on the red sequence by the cluster environment. Our survey demonstrates that although the environment of MS 0451-03 appears to suppress star formation in late-type galaxies, it can support active, dust-obscured mid-IR galaxies and potentially millimetre-detected LIRGs.
A Concept for a Novel Procedure for Mitral Valve Repair by Percutaneous Annuloplasty (2008)

Mitral valve regurgitation [1] (MVR) is a functional heart disease in which the valve does not close completely and causes blood to leak back into the left atrium. This condition increases the workload on the heart, and if left untreated, can lead to irreversible heart damage, cardiac arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. Annually, in the United States, more than 50 000 patients undergo mitral valve repair. The causes of MR can be either primary, due to an anatomical change of the valve apparatus, or secondary to ischemic heart disease and idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Currently, the intervention requires an open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Under such conditions, the patient is subjected to intra and post-operative trauma that can result in a mortality increase and that can prevent high risk individuals from undergoing the repair. A non-invasive percutaneous method would greatly reduce risks associated with a conventional surgery while increasing the potential candidates for repair. Introduced in this paper is a concept for a novel procedure that relies on a robotically-guided compliant catheter, fitted with an anchoring mechanism, intended to reshape the mitral-valve annulus to dimensions suitable for the effective support of the valve leaflets.
Learning Language and Multimodal Privacy-Preserving Markers of Mood from\n Mobile Data (2021)

Mental health conditions remain underdiagnosed even in countries with common\naccess to advanced medical care. The ability to accurately and efficiently\npredict mood from easily collectible data has several important implications\nfor the early detection, intervention, and treatment of mental health\ndisorders. One promising data source to help monitor human behavior is daily\nsmartphone usage. However, care must be taken to summarize behaviors without\nidentifying the user through personal (e.g., personally identifiable\ninformation) or protected (e.g., race, gender) attributes. In this paper, we\nstudy behavioral markers of daily mood using a recent dataset of mobile\nbehaviors from adolescent populations at high risk of suicidal behaviors. Using\ncomputational models, we find that language and multimodal representations of\nmobile typed text (spanning typed characters, words, keystroke timings, and app\nusage) are predictive of daily mood. However, we find that models trained to\npredict mood often also capture private user identities in their intermediate\nrepresentations. To tackle this problem, we evaluate approaches that obfuscate\nuser identity while remaining predictive. By combining multimodal\nrepresentations with privacy-preserving learning, we are able to push forward\nthe performance-privacy frontier.\n
PowerSGD: Practical Low-Rank Gradient Compression for Distributed Optimization (2019)

We study gradient compression methods to alleviate the communication bottleneck in data-parallel distributed optimization. Despite the significant attention received, current compression schemes either do not scale well or fail to achieve the target test accuracy. We propose a new low-rank gradient compressor based on power iteration that can i) compress gradients rapidly, ii) efficiently aggregate the compressed gradients using all-reduce, and iii) achieve test performance on par with SGD. The proposed algorithm is the only method evaluated that achieves consistent wall-clock speedups when benchmarked against regular SGD with an optimized communication backend. We demonstrate reduced training times for convolutional networks as well as LSTMs on common datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/epfml/powersgd.
High performance coded modulation and receiver design for the satellite and terrestrial channel (2001)

In the nonlinear satellite channel, bandwidth and power efficient transmission techniques are required, along with compensation for nonlinear distortion. Amplifier nonlinearity combined with pulse shaping results in intersymbol interference (ISI). Here we propose and examine the performance of several equalization techniques with coded modulation systems which are capable of achieving spectral efficiencies greater than 2 bits/sec/Hz. First, we derive the Maximum Likelihood sequence detector for a Volterra channel model, and compare its structure with receivers based on alternative nonlinear state model. As a suboptimal solution to this problem we assess the performance of Volterra and linear equalizer, and also ISI canceller for uncoded and trellis coded modulation (TCM). For (noninterleaved) TCM over the satellite channel, combined equalization and decoding is possible. We propose a novel reduced complexity Maximum Likelihood decoder for the Volterra channel model. Performance analysis for the proposed system is also given. Both the analysis and simulation results confirm the significant performance improvement. The application of turbo code to the satellite channel is also possible. We assess the performance of TTCM (turbo TCM) and propose a novel combined equalization and decoding scheme for TTCM. Performance comparison with the conventional (separate) Volterra type equalizer and the data predistorter is presented. As an extension of our research, we investigate an advanced receiver structure for the terrestrial DTV (digital TV) channel. Among several issues in the channel, error propagation problem in DFE (decision feedback equalizer) is mainly covered in this thesis. We propose a novel method which combines soft input DFE and SOVA TCM decoder to mitigate error propagation in DFE. The proposed scheme gives significant performance gain over the conventional DFE and TCM decoding scheme.
Comparison Study on Stage Performance of Centrifugal Compressors With Shrouded and Unshrouded Impellers (2021)

Abstract The shrouded and unshrouded impellers are two typical kinds of impellers, which are widely utilized in centrifugal compressors of various applications. Centrifugal compressors with unshrouded impellers are generally recognized to display inferior performance to the shrouded impellers with the same geometry. In this paper, a comparative experiment shows some results inconsistent with conventional cognition. Measured performance indicates that the peak efficiency of the centrifugal compressor with an unshrouded impeller is higher than the shrouded one, where the two impellers have the same geometry of meridional profile and blade central plane, and matched the same vaneless diffuser and volute. In order to explore the causes of this divergence, the effects of factors such as blade thickness, surface roughness of components, tip clearance and sealing leakage characteristics on performance are analyzed by CFD code. Numerical results show that reasonable reduction in the blade thickness and improvement on the surface quality of the impeller could effectively increase the peak efficiency and the choke mass flow rate of the shrouded impeller. The unshrouded impeller with arbitrary blade surfaces would be deformed under the action of centrifugal force to achieve a small tip clearance during operation, and then obtains higher efficiency at design speed. The research results are helpful to evaluate the performance potential and sensitive design parameters of shrouded and unshrouded impellers.
Hepatoprotective Dibenzocyclooctadiene and Tetrahydrobenzocyclooctabenzofuranone Lignans from Kadsura longipedunculata (2018)

Five new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, longipedlignans A-E (1-5), five new tetrahydrobenzocyclooctabenzofuranones (6-10), and 18 known analogues (11-28) were isolated from the roots of Kadsura longipedunculata. Compounds 6-10 are new spirobenzofuranoid-dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans. Their structures and absolute configurations were established using a combination of MS, NMR, and electronic circular dichroism data. Spirobenzofuranoids 6 and 15 showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl- p-aminophenol-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells with cell survival rates at 10 μM of 52.2% and 50.2%, respectively.
Enhanced Fluorescence Cyanide Detection at Physiologically Lethal Levels:  Reduced ICT-Based Signal Transduction (2005)

Three water-soluble fluorescent probes have been specifically designed to determine free cyanide concentrations up to physiologically lethal levels, >20 microM. The probes have been designed in such a way as to afford many notable sensing features, which render them unique with regard to signal transduction, photophysical characteristics, and their application to physiological cyanide determination and safeguard. The probes are readily able to reversibly bind free aqueous cyanide with dissociation constants around 4 microM3. Subsequent cyanide binding modulates the intramolecular charge transfer within the probes, a change in the electronic properties within the probes, resulting in enhanced fluorescence optical signals as a function of increased solution cyanide concentration. The ground-state chelation with cyanide produces wavelength shifts, which also enable the probes to sense cyanide in both an excitation and emission ratiometric manner, in addition to enhanced fluorescence signaling. This has enabled a generic cyanide sensing platform to be realized that is not dependent on fluorescent probe concentration, probe photodegradation, or fluctuations in the intensity of any employed excitation sources, ideal for remote cyanide sensing applications. Further, the >600 nm fluorescence emission of the probes potentially allows for enhanced fluorescence ratiometric cyanide sensing in the optical window of tissues and blood, facilitating their use for the transdermal monitoring of cyanide for mammalian safeguard or postmortem in fire victims, both areas of active research.