gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Lithographic Patterning on Current Distribution in Electrodeposition: Experimental Study and Mass‐Transfer Effects (1993)

The effect of lithographic patterning on electrodeposit thickness uniformity was investigated in a series of experiments. Copper was electrodeposited from an acid‐sulfate solution onto a specially patterned cathode under controlled agitation provided by a reciprocating paddle. The thickness nonuniformity resulting from a difference in "active‐area‐density" between adjacent zones was measured by profilometry. At current densities far below the mass‐transfer limit, the thickness distributions agreed well with predictions from a recently developed secondary‐current‐distribution model, in which each zone is treated as a continuum. Since this "secondary" model was found to be insufficient to describe behavior at higher current densities, it was extended to include a simple treatment of mass transfer. The resulting "tertiary" model better described the observed behavior. It was discovered that the influence of mass transfer can either decrease or increase the nonuniformity, depending on the importance of radially enhanced diffusion at individual features.
Real Time System for Practical Acoustic Monitoring of Global Ocean Temperature. Volume 3 (1994)

Abstract : Work continues on all GAMOT Tasks as described in ARPA Grant No: MDA972-93-1-004. (1) Task A. Task A work remains on schedule and we have completed the following work: We are writing a new eigenray finder for use in identifying the paths which sound take from sources to the surface suspended acoustic receivers; A theoretical investigation has been conducted which has found that it is possible that ray theory can be extended to acoustic frequencies below 100 Hz; A new parabolic approximation to the acoustic wave equation has been developed. Unlike all previous parabolic approximations, the new approximation predicts delays of acoustic pulses with little error; The acoustic multipaths from the Kaneohe source have been identified at one SOSUS station using a ray tracing algorithm called ZRAY. This was a breakthrough since this is the furthest, 4000 km, that ray theory has been successfully used to understand acoustic propagation in the ocean; (2) Task B. Task B tasks and deliverables are on schedule. We have completed writing of a manuscript detailing the travel time anomaly estimates using a reduced gravity model of the northeast Pacific. We have designed an acoustic tomography assimilation method for a similar model but with spatially variable density. The plan for monitoring the Pacific Ocean for long term change is contained in the Task B section; (3) Task C. Fabrication of ten operational SSARs is continuing. Two units are being prepared for a test cruise at the AUTEC Range in August and two units are being prepared for testing in the Pacific in November. No significant delays or problems ahve been encountered; and (4) Task D. The 70 Hz source proposal was submitted to ARPA on April 19, 1994. No action has yet been taken on the proposal
Hybrid total hip arthroplasty: 7- to 10-year results. (1996)

One hundred fifty consecutive hybrid total hip arthroplasties in 139 patients were performed using an uncemented hemispheric porous coated acetabular component (HGP-I) with screws and a femoral component (Precoat) cemented with contemporary cementing technique. The average patient age was 67 years (range, 39-85 years). No patients were lost to followup. Eighty-six patients (91 hips) were alive for an average clinical followup of 103 months (range, 84-127 months); 81 hips had corresponding radiographic analysis. The average Harris hip score preoperatively was 47 points and increased to 88 points at followup. Ninety-five percent of patients had absent or slight pain. Aseptic loosening occurred in 2 femoral components (1.3%), 1 of which was revised for secondary osteolysis. Both hips had suboptimal cement mantles (C-2 or D grades). No femoral osteolysis was seen in stable components. Two acetabular components migrated; 1 secondary to preoperative irradiation osteonecrosis and 1 secondary to a bulk autogenous graft. Acetabular osteolysis without loosening developed in 2 patients (1.3%). Using revision and radiographic loosening as the end point, the probability of both components surviving 10 years was 96.9%, 98.6% for the acetabular component, and 98.4% for the femoral component. These results show that hybrid total hip arthroplasty offers excellent clinical function and exceptional 10-year survivorship.
High-current, low-cost field emission triode using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode (2010)

A simple, macroscale field-emission triode was assembled using a single 3.8 mm diameter Ar+-ion irradiated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode. The irradiation process results in random carbon nanostructures on the surface of the RVC, providing effective, low-field emission sites. The use of RVC results in a self-ballasting cathode. The grid electrode further increases local field enhancement on the cathode surface, increasing the extracted current over what is produced in diode mode. The anode electric field required to produce 0.1 μA/cm2 was measured to decrease from 0.9 to 0.65 V/μm with 300 V applied to the grid electrode. With 2.1 V/μm, and 300 V applied to the grid, the limits of our power supply were reached, and a current density of 16.0 mA/cm2 and a current of 1.82 mA from a single cathode were measured. Semiconductorlike emission properties, showing three regions of operation, were observed. In region III the cathode emits from a large number of sites, producing a total beam that is readily focused to a small spot size with ordinary electron optics. This low-cost, robust configuration, machined without microfabrication processes or lithography, makes very-high total current in single field-emission triodes possible.
Context-sensitive synaptic plasticity and temporal-to-spatial transformations in hippocampal slices (1997)

Hippocampal slices are used to show that, as a temporal input pattern of activity flows through a neuronal layer, a temporal-to-spatial transformation takes place. That is, neurons can respond selectively to the first or second of a pair of input pulses, thus transforming different temporal patterns of activity into the activity of different neurons. This is demonstrated using associative long-term potentiation of polysynaptic CA1 responses as an activity-dependent marker: by depolarizing a postsynaptic CA1 neuron exclusively with the first or second of a pair of pulses from the dentate gyrus, it is possible to "tag" different subpopulations of CA3 neurons. This technique allows sampling of a population of neurons without recording simultaneously from multiple neurons. Furthermore, it reflects a biologically plausible mechanism by which single neurons may develop selective responses to time-varying stimuli and permits the induction of context-sensitive synaptic plasticity. These experimental results support the view that networks of neurons are intrinsically able to process temporal information and that it is not necessary to invoke the existence of internal clocks or delay lines for temporal processing on the time scale of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.
Biophysical Characterization of CD6—TCR/CD3 Interplay in T Cells (2018)

Activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) on the T cell through ligation with antigen-MHC complex of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) is an essential process in the activation of T cells and induction of the subsequent adaptive immune response. Upon activation, the TCR, together with its associated co-receptor CD3 complex, assembles in signaling microclusters that are transported to the center of the organizational structure at the T cell-APC interface termed the immunological synapse (IS). During IS formation, local cell surface receptors and associated intracellular molecules are reorganized, ultimately creating the typical bull's eye-shaped pattern of the IS. CD6 is a surface glycoprotein receptor, which has been previously shown to associate with CD3 and co-localize to the center of the IS in static conditions or stable T cell-APC contacts. In this study, we report the use of different experimental set-ups analyzed with microscopy techniques to study the dynamics and stability of CD6-TCR/CD3 interaction dynamics and stability during IS formation in more detail. We exploited antibody spots, created with microcontact printing, and antibody-coated beads, and could demonstrate that CD6 and the TCR/CD3 complex co-localize and are recruited into a stimulatory cluster on the cell surface of T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate, for the first time, that CD6 forms microclusters co-localizing with TCR/CD3 microclusters during IS formation on supported lipid bilayers. These co-localizing CD6 and TCR/CD3 microclusters are both radially transported toward the center of the IS formed in T cells, in an actin polymerization-dependent manner. Overall, our findings further substantiate the role of CD6 during IS formation and provide novel insight into the dynamic properties of this CD6-TCR/CD3 complex interplay. From a methodological point of view, the biophysical approaches used to characterize these receptors are complementary and amenable for investigation of the dynamic interactions of other membrane receptors.
Duration and reasons for changing the first antiretroviral therapy: an 8-year follow-up (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Failure of first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces both the duration and the chances of viral control in subsequent regimens, due to cross-resistance and common toxicity between and within classes of antiretroviral drugs. <h3>Purpose</h3> To measure the duration of the first HAART prescribed in a population of HIV infected patients and to address factors leading to therapy changes. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Retrospective, observational study which included HIV-infected patients over 18 with no previous HAART and who started their therapy in a regional hospital between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2008. The follow-up lasted until 31 December 2010. A descriptive analysis was performed and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to assess the duration of the first HAART. <h3>Results</h3> 58 patients started a HAART and only in 12 of them (20.58%) no changes had been performed by the end of the study period. Median time until first change of HAART was 509 days, up to 721 days if cases of treatment simplification were excluded from the analysis. Treatment-related adverse events were the main cause for switching therapy (24.14%), followed by treatment simplification (21.42%), and voluntary withdrawal (7%). Immunological, virological or clinical failures were linked to change in only three cases. Most frequent adverse reactions were dyslipidaemia (35.7%), hepatotoxicity (21.4%), and digestive intolerance (14.3%). Study subjects received 18 different initial HAART regimes; most of them (n=32, 55%) started a protease inhibitor-based HAART, followed by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen (n=22, 38%) and therapy with three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (n=4, 7%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Duration of the first HAART remains short, especially considering it is supposed to be the longest therapy, since, currently, this treatment is expected to be chronic. Adverse events are the main cause of withdrawal, so their prevention and mitigation should be one of the cornerstones of our activity as pharmacists.
Impairment of T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells by immunosuppressive drugs reveals involvement of calcineurin and NF-κB in immunological synapse formation (2006)

A stable supramolecular cluster in T cells at the contact site of APCs, the immunological synapse (IS), is essential for full T cell activation. Failure of IS maturation, as determined by defective relocalization of the TCR/CD3 complex at the T cell/APC contact site, is linked with T cell hyporesponsiveness. The effects of clinically used immunosuppressants on these critical events, however, are undefined. Here, we show that treatment of T cells with cyclosporin A, FK506, and dexamethasone, which are known to inhibit calcineurin and NF-kappaB, respectively, but not rapamycin, the inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, selectively prevented TCR/CD3 relocalization into the IS, while relocalization of adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins as well as T cell/APC conjugate formation remained unaltered. The involvement of calcineurin and NF-kappaB in IS maturation was confirmed by using specific inhibitors of these molecules (FR901725, gossypol, SN50). FK778, as an inhibitor of DNA replication and also TCR/CD3-activated tyrosine kinases, globally abrogated cytoskeletal, adhesion, and signaling molecule relocalization, thereby preventing formation of an IS at an earlier, immature stage along with impaired, antigen-specific T cell/APC conjugate formation. Collectively, blocking IS formation at distinct stages may mediate effects on T cell activation of currently used immunosuppressants, apart from their capacity to block gene transcription, cytokine signaling, and DNA replication. Furthermore, these data imply novel functions of calcineurin and NF-kappaB for successful IS maturation.
Sustainable Polymers: Sustainable Polysulfides for Oil Spill Remediation: Repurposing Industrial Waste for Environmental Benefit (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 6/2018) (2018)

In article number 1800024 Justin Chalker and co-workers prepare a sustainable oil sorbent from waste cooking oil and sulfur, a by-product of petroleum refining. The sorbent absorbs crude oil upon contact and forms an aggregate that can be removed by skimming or filtration. The oil can be recovered by mechanical compression and the polymer can be re-used. The study is an advance in waste valorisation and environmental remediation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Regioselective Synthesis of Tepoxalin, 3‐(5‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐1‐(4‐ methoxyphenyl)‐3‐pyrazolyl)‐N‐hydroxy‐N‐methylpropanamide, and Related 1,5‐Diarylpyrazole Antiinflammatory Agents. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Početak Nacionalnog programa ranog otkrivanja raka dojke (Beginning of the National Cancer Breast Screening Programe) (2006)

Vec godinama cekamo na pocetak nacionalnog programa prevencije i ranog otkrivanja raka, pa konacno možemo biti zadovoljni jer je Ministarstvo zdravstva i socijalne skrbi pokrenulo «Nacionalni program prevencije i ranog otkrivanja raka dojke» za sve žene u dobi 50-69 godina, mamografijom svake druge godine. Organizacija programa je povjerena zavodima za javno zdravstvo. Svaki zavod je imenovao koordinatora za svoju županiju, odnosno za Grad Zagreb.
Consumption factor: A figure of merit for power consumption and energy efficiency in broadband wireless communications (2011)

In this paper, we present a universal figure of merit, the Consumption Factor (CF), that may be used to judge the power efficiency of any communications device or link. We derive expressions for the CF that account for the power efficiency of components in a homodyne transmitter, as this transmitter architecture will typify many future mm-Wave and massively broadband™ systems [1]. The CF is defined as the maximum ratio of data rate to consumed power as a function of the transceiver subsystem and channel parameters, and offers a way for circuit designers and communication engineers to optimize and compare designs of different radios. We show also how CF may be extended to other transmitter architectures beyond the homodyne architecture. As "green radios" and higher efficiency wireless devices become critical for the reduction of wasted power and improved battery life in very broadband communication systems, the analysis presented here gives a mathematical framework from which comparison and optimization of transmitter-receiver designs can be performed. This paper also provides a parametric study that shows how the analysis can be used to optimize spectral efficiency, and how to adjust an operating link set point for an operational signal-noise-ratio that achieves optimum data rates for a given consumed power level. The new methodology shows how the efficiencies and gains of different components in a radio circuit impact the CF, including antennas, power amplifiers, and mixers. The results show that the efficiency of components on the signal path of a transmitter closest to the point at which information is transmitted, such as the antenna, have the greatest impact on the CF. A follow-on study will show the impact of receiver components and channel conditions on the CF.
Novel in vivo imaging shows up-regulation of death receptors by paclitaxel and correlates with enhanced antitumor effects of receptor agonist antibodies (2006)

Susceptibility to apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is mediated through cognate death receptor signaling. We hypothesized that auto-amplification of this apparatus would enhance antitumor effects in vivo and could be optimized using the results obtained from novel imaging techniques. We therefore imaged mice bearing human colorectal cancer (Colo205) tumor xenografts with HGS-ETR1 and HGS-ETR2 agonist antibodies to TRAIL receptor-1 (TRAIL-R1) and TRAIL-R2, respectively, after radiolabeling the antibodies. Paclitaxel significantly increased in vivo expression of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 in a time-dependent manner. The imaging results were confirmed by immunoblots for steady-state protein levels (>20-fold increase in TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 levels in tumor xenografts by 48 h after paclitaxel administration). TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 mRNA expression did not change, suggesting that these effects were posttranscriptional. Sequential treatment with paclitaxel followed by HGS-ETR1 or HGS-ETR2 after 48 h resulted in markedly enhanced antitumor activity against Colo205 mouse xenografts. Our experiments suggest that sequential taxane treatment followed by TRAIL-R agonist antibodies could be applied in the clinic, and that novel imaging techniques using radiolabeled receptor antibodies may be exploitable to optimize sequence timing and patient selection.
Micro manipulator array for nano-bioelectronics era (2006)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on micro manipulator arrays for nano-bioelectronic applications. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the special features of a micro manipulator array using a novel MEMS-based structures; the demonstration of direct physical control of the interaction between yeast cells and silica particles in liquid for the first time; the adsorption of the particle to the cell was demonstrated using vibrational energy; and Joule heating energy according to external excitation. These results of these tests show a potential impact in medical fields such as physical antibiotics and cell treatments and next generation bio-electronics schemes.
Resonance Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate increased brain kynurenine pathway activity in samples from patients with neurodegenerative disease (2018)

Resonance Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to assess increased kynurenine pathway activity in brain samples from Alzheimer’s patients and age-matched controls. Increased activity was seen in areas of the brain involved in Alzheimer’s disease.
Topology exploration for energy efficient intra-tile communication (2007)

With technology nodes scaling down, the energy consumed by the on-chip intra-tile interconnects is beginning to have a significant impact on the total chip energy. The energy-optimal sectioned bus (ESB) template is an energy efficient architecture style for on-chip communication between components. To achieve minimum energy operation, the netlist topology of the ESB bus should however be optimized accordingly. In this paper we present a strategy for the definition of an energy optimal netlist for the ESB bus. An initial floorplanning stage provides information about the eventual lengths of the interconnect wires and a subsequent exploration step defines the optimal topology for the communication architecture. We motivate that a star topology generated using wire length prediction can be up to a factor 4 more energy efficient compared to standard linear bus topologies.
Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies druggable dependencies in TP53 wild-type Ewing sarcoma (2018)

Ewing sarcoma is a pediatric cancer driven by EWS-ETS transcription factor fusion oncoproteins in an otherwise stable genomic background. The majority of tumors express wild-type <i>TP53</i>, and thus, therapies targeting the p53 pathway would benefit most patients. To discover targets specific for <i>TP53</i> wild-type Ewing sarcoma, we used a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening approach and identified and validated <i>MDM2</i>, <i>MDM4</i>, <i>USP7,</i> and <i>PPM1D</i> as druggable dependencies. The stapled peptide inhibitor of MDM2 and MDM4, ATSP-7041, showed anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in multiple mouse models. The USP7 inhibitor, P5091, and the Wip1/<i>PPM1D</i> inhibitor, GSK2830371, decreased the viability of Ewing sarcoma cells. The combination of ATSP-7041 with P5091, GSK2830371, and chemotherapeutic agents showed synergistic action on the p53 pathway. The effects of the inhibitors, including the specific USP7 inhibitor XL-188, were rescued by concurrent <i>TP53</i> knockout, highlighting the essentiality of intact p53 for the observed cytotoxic activities.
Use of a prognostic pathway signature for colorectal cancer comprised of EGFR/COX2 and imatinib drug target activation to predict occult metastasis in M0 CRC (2009)

4042 Background: Development of distant metastasis is the main cause of death among CRC patients. Approximately 30% of CRC patients initially staged M0-N0 die from tumor recurrence. Previously, we determined that members of EGFR/PDGFR/cAbl/cKit pathways were hyperactivated in hepatic synchronous CRC metastasis compared to primary tumor. In order to determine if this signature was a distinguished repertoire of the early stage primary tumor, we analyzed 58 CRC M0 at the moment of the diagnosis that upon 5 yr follow-up had differing disease progressions. Methods: All tissues were immediately snap frozen after surgery. Reverse phase protein microarray (RPMA) was performed using microdissected material to generate multiplexed pathway profiling. For each sample 75 different endpoints were analyzed. Results: Statistical comparison of the 75 endpoints in 8 M0 patients who progressed to M1 and 50 patients who remained M0 regardless of initial staging, revealed a number of signaling proteins whose activation/phosphorylation were elevated and subsumed in a linked pathway. Specifically COX2 and c-Kit/PDGFR/Notch were highly activated in the 8 patients with occult metastasis. A prognostic pathway signature comprised of 13 interlinked molecules was developed. Univariate, ROC and Kaplan-Meier analysis of this signature revealed a statistically significant prognostic signature with an AUC of 0.87 and a 95% confidence interval. Conclusions: A signaling portrait of 13 interlinked proteins provided a strong prognostic indicator for metastasis regardless of stage. This signature was comprised of the phosphorylation/activation of growth factor receptors, including the entire suite of Gleevec targets. A large number of these prognostic signature components were previously found activated in the metastatic lesions themselves which indicates a potential functional role of this linked protein network in metastatic progression and maintenance. If validated in larger study sets, clinical trials to test Gleevec therapy combined with Cox2 /EGFR inhibitors to prevent/delay development of distant metastasis in patients with M0 should be considered. [Table: see text]