gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible nitric oxide synthase and guinea‐pig ileitis induced by adjuvant (1995)

We sought to establish a model of inflammatory bowel disease by augmenting the activity of the local immune system with Freund's complete adjuvant, and to determine if inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and peroxynitrite formation accompanied the inflammatory condition. In anaesthetized guinea-pigs, a loop of distal ileum received intraluminal 50% ethanol followed by Freund's complete adjuvant. Control animals were sham operated. When the animals were killed 7 or 14 days later, loop lavage fluid was examined for nitrite and PGE(2) levels; mucosal levels of granulocyte and macrophages were estimated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, respectively. Cellular localization if iNOS and peroxynitrite formation were determined by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibodies directed against peptide epitopes of mouse iNOS and nitrotyrosine, respectfully. Adjuvant administration resulted in a persistent ileitis, featuring gut thickening, crypt hyperplasia, villus tip swelling and disruption, and cellular infiltration. Lavage levels of PGE(2) and nitrite were markedly elevated by adjuvant treatment. Immunoreactive iNOS and nitrotyrosine bordered on detectability in normal animals but were markedly evident with adjuvant treatment at day 7 and particularly day 14. Immunohistochemistry suggested that enteric neurons and epithelia were major sites of iNOS activity and peroxynitrite formation. We conclude that local administration of adjuvant establishes a chronic ileitis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase may contribute to the inflammatory process.
Deep Unfolding-Enabled Hybrid Beamforming Design for mmWave Massive MIMO Systems (2023)

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is a key enabler for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications systems, but HBF optimizations are often non-convex and of large dimension. In this paper, we propose an efficient deep unfolding-based HBF scheme, referred to as ManNet-HBF, that approximately maximizes the system spectral efficiency (SE). It first factorizes the optimal digital beamformer into analog and digital terms, and then reformulates the resultant matrix factorization problem as an equivalent maximum-likelihood problem, whose analog beamforming solution is vectorized and estimated efficiently with ManNet, a lightweight deep neural network. Numerical results verify that the proposed ManNet-HBF approach has near-optimal performance comparable to or better than conventional model-based counterparts, with very low complexity and a fast run time. For example, in a simulation with 128 transmit antennas, it attains 98.62% the SE of the Riemannian manifold scheme but 13250 times faster.
Near-field millimeter-wave imaging with 77-GHz-band monostatic-radar module (2013)

For near-field millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging with high spatial resolution to detect invisible surface cracks with a width of less than 0.2 mm in concrete structures covered with material, we have developed a 77-GHz-band monostatic-radar module containing hybrid integrated radio frequency circuit, direct current and intermediate frequency one, and a guided tapered slot antenna with beam focused in near-field region. An imaging experiment with the module using near-field MMW imaging system based on a raster scanning provides an image with high spatial resolution enough to identify an invisible surface crack with a width of 0.1-mm in a concrete sample even though an image reconstruction technique has not been employed.
Renewable acrylonitrile production (2017)

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a petroleum-derived compound used in resins, polymers, acrylics, and carbon fiber. We present a process for renewable ACN production using 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), which can be produced microbially from sugars. The process achieves ACN molar yields exceeding 90% from ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate (ethyl 3-HP) via dehydration and nitrilation with ammonia over an inexpensive titanium dioxide solid acid catalyst. We further describe an integrated process modeled at scale that is based on this chemistry and achieves near-quantitative ACN yields (98 ± 2%) from ethyl acrylate. This endothermic approach eliminates runaway reaction hazards and achieves higher yields than the standard propylene ammoxidation process. Avoidance of hydrogen cyanide as a by-product also improves process safety and mitigates product handling requirements.
Conformational studies of oligomeric oxetane-based dipeptide isosteres derived fromL-rhamnose orD-xylose (2005)

Conformational investigations have been undertaken on oligomers (dimers, tetramers, hexamers) of five closely related oxetane-based dipeptide isosteres. All the oligomers were subjected to a range of studies by NMR, FT-IR and CD spectroscopy. The oligomers derived from methyl 2,4-anhydro-5-azido-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5-deoxy-L-rhamnonate 'monomer' all exhibited evidence of ordered conformations in chloroform and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) solution. 5-Acetamido and N-methylamide derivatives of the L-rhamnonate 'monomer', along with a 'dimer' lacking silyl protection at C-3, were synthesized to ascertain the role of intramolecular interactions. This led to the conclusion that, for the L-rhamnonate oligomers, steric interactions govern the conformational preference observed. The equivalent silyl-protected D-lyxonate oligomers gave ordered CD spectra in TFE solution, but NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy in chloroform solution suggested an irregular, non-hydrogen bonded system. The remaining silyl-protected 6-deoxy-L-altronate, 6-deoxy-D-gulonate and D-fuconate oligomers appear to be characterized by their lack of ordered conformation in TFE and chloroform solution.
High Molecular Weight Kininogen Regulates Prekallikrein Assembly and Activation on Endothelial Cells: A Novel Mechanism for Contact Activation (1998)

Abstract The consequences of assembling the contact system of proteins on the surface of vascular cells has received little study. We asked whether assembly of these proteins on the surface of cultured human endothelial cells (HUVECs) results in the activation of prekallikrein (PK) and its dependent pathways. Biotinylated PK binds specifically and reversibly to HUVECs in the presence of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) (apparent Kd of 23 ± 11 nmol/L,Bmax of 1.7 ± 0.5 × 107 sites per cell [mean ± SD, n = 5 experiments]). Cell-associated PK is rapidly converted to kallikrein. Surprisingly, the activation of cell-associated HK•PK complexes is entirely independent of exogenous factor XII (Km = 30 nmol/L,Vmax = 12 ± 3 pmol/L/min in the absencevKm = 20 nmol/L,Vmax = 9.2 ± 2.1 pmol/L/min in the presence of factor XII). Rather, kallikrein formation is mediated by an endothelial cell-associated, thiol protease. Cell-associated HK is proteolyzed during the course of prekallikrein activation, releasing kallikrein from the surface. Furthermore, activation of PK bound to HK on HUVECs promotes kallikrein-dependent activation of pro-urokinase, resulting in the formation of plasmin. These results indicate the existence of a previously undescribed, factor XII-independent pathway for contact factor activation on HUVECs that regulates the production of bradykinin and may contribute to cell-associated plasminogen activation in vivo.
Abstract 38: Exosomes Secreted From Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells Can Transfer Their Contents to Proximal Tubule, Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Cells (2013)

Exosomes are 50-90 nm extracellular membrane particles that may mediate trans-cellular communication between cells and tissues. We have previously found that urinary exosomes contain miRNA that are biomarkers for salt sensitivity and inverse salt sensitivity of blood pressure. We also found that urinary exosomes contain dopamine 1 receptor and G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4. We have also shown that exosomes can transfer between cultured human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC). Here, we further explored RPTC-to-RPTC exosomal transfer using 5 RPTC lines containing exosomes that were fluorescently labelled with either exosomal-specific marker CD63-EGFP or CD9-mCherry. Transfer between RPTCs was confirmed by co-culturing CD63-EGFP and CD9-mCherry stable RPTC clones and performing live confocal microscopy. Dual color time-lapse videos reveal unique cellular secretion and uptake patterns for exosomes and eventual accumulation into the multi-vesicular body. We hypothesized that proximal tubule-derived exosomes could also be taken up by the distal tubule (DT). Five DT and 3 collecting duct (CD) cell lines were isolated and immortalized by infecting with hTert-containing lentiviral particles. DT cells were isolated from human kidney by collagenase digestion and biotinylated lectin or immuno-magnetic affinity separation (using dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) or anti-Tamm-Horsfall protein antibody). CD cells were similarly isolated with anti-L1CAM antibody. Using sterile-filtered cell culture supernatant from 3 different CD9-mCherry RPTC lines, all 5 DT cell lines showed exosome transfer at 24 hours as measured by microplate fluorometry (10,406 ± 1132 SEM RFU above background, p&lt;0.0001, n=30). Similarly, all 3 CD cell lines showed significant exosome transfer (8773 ± 1558 SEM RFU, p&lt;0.0001, n=18). CD63-EGFP exosomes from 2RPTC lines also transferred to all of the DT cell lines (1713 ± 1131 RFU above background, p&lt;0.0001, n=30) and CD cell lines (1007 ± 315 RFU, p&lt;0.01, n=18). In conclusion, intra-nephron cellular exosomal transfer is demonstrated in RPTCs and between RPTCs and distal tubule and collecting duct cells. This proximal to distal nephron transfer may represent a new trans-cellular communication within the human kidney.
A new current limit circuit for smart discrete devices (2002)

A new current limit circuit with a sensitivity level down to approximately 100 mV is proposed in this paper. The new circuit has been integrated with a collector-gate clamped IGBT. The circuit concept, device structure, fabrication and characteristics are discussed in detail. The new current limit clamped IGBT is to be primarily used in automotive ignition applications.
NC-Audit: Auditing for Network Coding Storage (2012)

Abstract—Network coding-based storage has recently received a lot of attention in the network coding community. Independently, another body of work has proposed integrity checking schemes for cloud storage, none of which, however, is customized for network coding storage or can efficiently support repair. In this work, we bridge the gap between these currently disconnected bodies of work, and we focus on the (novel) advantage of network coding for integrity checking. We propose NC-Audit – a remote data integrity checking scheme, designed specifically for network coding-based storage cloud. NC-Audit provides a unique combination of desired properties: (i) efficient checking of data integrity (ii) efficient support for repairing failed nodes (iii) full support for modification of outsourced data and (iv) protection against information leakage when checking is performed by a third party. The key ingredient of the design of NC-Audit is a novel combination of SpaceMac, a homomorphic MAC scheme for network coding, and NCrypt, a novel CPA-secure encryption scheme that is compatible with SpaceMac. Our evaluation of a Java implementation of NC-Audit shows that an audit costs the storage node and the auditor only a few milliseconds of computation time, and lower bandwidth than prior work. I.
Probing Nanocrystal Optical Properties in the Limit of Single Nanocrystals (2023)

The Bawendi lab has been at the forefront of the synthesis and characterization of the fundamental photo-physics of quantum confined systems for the past three decades. During this DoE project, our progress has been enabled by both our expertise in single nanocrystal (NC) photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy as well as our extensive knowledge of the synthetic optimization of various NC semiconductors - all of this forming an efficient feedback loop between characterization and synthesis. Our research in this project has focused on the development and application of novel single emitter optical tools for the characterization of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) which are semiconducting NCs with size-tunable quantum confined electronic structure. CQDs have had a significant commercial impact as display technologies. They are also commercially available as fluorescent biological markers. CQDs are being investigated as a potential material for photovoltaic or optical sensing applications and as emerging optical quantum materials. We have focused on the fundamental understanding of the optical properties of NCs through the development of novel spectroscopic methods at the single emitter level, including understanding how synthetic and environmental heterogeneities influence NC properties. A major advance in our research has been the development of novel photon resolved correlation spectroscopies that allow us to extract the physics of photo-excited single NCs with unprecedented time and spectral resolution from the photon stream of individual NCs.
Overexpression of ZAKβ in human osteosarcoma cells enhances ZAKα expression, resulting in a synergistic apoptotic effect (2018)

ZAK is a mixed lineage kinase involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and hypertrophic growth. ZAKα isoform of ZAK is associated with tumorigenesis, but the function of ZAKβ is not yet known. In H9c2 cells, ZAKβ was found to ameliorate the apoptotic effect induced by ZAKα. However, in osteosarcoma cells, ZAKβ elevates the apoptotic effect induced by ZAKα. In this study, we show that similar to ZAKα, the ZAKβ induces apoptosis and decreases cell viability. Interestingly, the expression of ZAKβ is dependent on ZAKα expression, and ZAKβ further enhances ZAKα expression and results in synergistic enhancement of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells.
Prevention of sudden cardiac death beyond the ICD: Have we reached the boundary or are we just burning the surface? (2014)

Preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major unsolved problem in contemporary medical practice. As the most common cause of SCD, treatment for ventricular arrhythmias is the target area of interest in research field. While implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) effectively decreases death from ventricular arrhythmias in highly selected patients, risk of inappropriate shocks, mortality from frequent therapy, chance of failing in abortion of arrhythmias despite having a defibrillator, and our inability to recognize which of several hundreds of thousands of patients at risk for sudden death but do not meet current criteria for defibrillator, limit ICD effectiveness. In this article, a brief review of mechanism leading to SCD, the existing evidence for a defibrillator and the lacunae in present guidelines for patients clearly at risk for sudden death but without proven benefit from a defibrillator are presented in Section I. Following this, interventional approaches, both catheter-based and general measures that may serve as adjuncts to a defibrillator in preventing this all too common catastrophic end event, are summarized in Section II.
Antibody-drug conjugates: integrated bioanalytical and biodisposition assessments in lead optimization and selection (2018)

Therapies based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have delivered an impressive success in the clinics due to their exquisite specificity, potential for agonistic or antagonistic responses, tunable effector function, and optimal pharmacokinetic properties. Building on these inherent antibody properties, the design and development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with improved or gained therapeutic activity and safety has been successfully demonstrated in oncological applications. There is enormous potential for this new type of hybrid biologics but there are also significant engineering, manufacturing and bioanalytical challenges. In this manuscript, we highlight the range and diversity of assays that are critical to characterize the individual components of ADCs-linker, carrier, and payload. We discuss a series of in vitro and in vivo preclinical experimental approaches we implemented to characterize two anti-inflammatory steroid bearing ADCs, and an ADC bearing a modified glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor/glucagon receptor co-agonist peptide.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY SYNCHRONIZATION IN INFANTS (2000)

We investigate the phase synchronization of heartbeat and respiration in a group of healthy infants. Having presented and compared two quantitative measures of synchronization, we conclude that one of these measures — the conditional probability index — allows reliable detection of synchronous epochs of different order n:m and, thus, makes possible an automatic processing of large data sets. In our analysis of experimental time series, we have found numerous epochs of phase synchronization. It turned out that the average degree of synchronization varies with the age of the newborns.
Semaglutide Treatment and Renal Function in the SUSTAIN 6 Trial (2018)

Semaglutide is a new GLP-1 analog for the once-weekly treatment of T2D. This post-hoc analysis assessed the effect of semaglutide on renal function by baseline eGFR in the SUSTAIN 6 trial. Overall, mean eGFR decreased from baseline to week 104 across all treatment groups and subgroups, with the largest decreases in subjects with normal renal function or mild renal impairment (Figure). Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio decreased with increasing renal impairment for semaglutide 1.0 mg, but not other treatment groups (Table). AEs related to acute renal failure were generally higher with increasing baseline renal impairment, except with semaglutide 1.0 mg vs. placebo. New or worsening nephropathy was lower with both doses of semaglutide vs. placebo (Table). No renal-related safety issues were observed with semaglutide regardless of baseline renal function in SUSTAIN 6. Disclosure T. Vilsbøll: Advisory Panel; Self; Amgen Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, AstraZeneca, MSD K.K., Sanofi, Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Amgen Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, AstraZeneca, MSD K.K., Sanofi, Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Amgen Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, AstraZeneca, MSD K.K., Sanofi, Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S. J. Gumprecht: Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca. Consultant; Self; Bayer AG. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Bioton, Berlin-Chemie AG, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S, Polfa Tarchomin S.A., Polpharma. R.J. Silver: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, AstraZeneca. T. Hansen: None. J. Pettersson: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. J.P. Wilding: Other Relationship; Self; Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc., Merck &amp; Co., Inc..
Dynamics of the Fluorescence Intensity during Fiber Bragg Gratings Inscription in SMF28 and Pure Silica Core Fiber using 800 nm Fs Radiation (2016)

Blue florescence measured during FBG inscription with a fs-IR laser in SMF-28 and pure silica core (PSC) fiber correlates well with type-I grating formation but decreases in Ge-doped fibers and increases in PSC fiber.
Engineered Interleaved Random Glass Fiber Composites Using Additive Manufacturing: Effect of Mat Properties, Resin Chemistry, and Resin-Rich Layer Thickness (2023)

Standard lay-up fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) suffer from poor out-of-plane properties and delamination resistance. While advanced manufacturing techniques (e.g., interleaving, braiding, and z-pinning) increase delamination resistance in FRCs, they typically result in significant fabrication complexity and limitations, increased manufacturing costs, and/or overall stiffness reduction. In this work, we demonstrate the use of facile digital light processing (DLP) technique to additively manufacture (AM) random glass FRCs with engineered interleaves. This work demonstrates how vat photo-polymerization techniques can be used to build composites layer-by-layer with controlled interleaf material, thickness, and placement. Note that this engineering control is almost impossible to achieve with traditional manufacturing techniques. A range of specimens were printed to measure the effect of interleaf thickness and material on tensile/flexural properties as well as fracture toughness. One important observation was the ≈60% increase in interlaminar fracture toughness achieved by using a tough resin material in the interleaf. The comparison between AM and traditionally manufactured specimens via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) highlighted the limitation of AM techniques in achieving high mat consolidation. In other words, the volume fraction of AM parts is limited by the wet fiber mat process, and engineering solutions are discussed. Overall, this technique offers engineering control of FRC design and fabrication that is not available with traditional methods.
SwarmVision (2013)

A platform of exploratory networked robotic cameras was created, utilizing an aesthetic approach to experimentation. Initiated by research in autonomous swarm robotic camera behavior, SwarmVision is an installation consisting of multiple Pan-Tilt-Zoom cameras on rails positioned above spectators in an exhibition space, where each camera behaves autonomously based on its own rules of computer vision and control. Each of the cameras is programmed to detect visual information of interest based on a different algorithm, and each negotiates with the other two, influencing what subject matter to study in a collective way. The emergent behaviors of the system illustrate an ongoing process of scene
Macrophage Role in the Anti-Prostate Cancer Response to One Class of Antiangiogenic Agents (1998)

Linomide is unique among the antiangiogenic agents tested, in that it inhibits the stimulatory effects of TAMs on tumor angiogenesis without eliminating their antiangiogenic effects, and may thus prove to be more effective against prostate cancer.
All-dielectric transformation medium mimicking a broadband converging lens (2018)

Radio waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) may potentially increase spectrum efficiency and channel capacity based on their extra rotational degree of freedom. However, due to their divergence characteristics, vortex waves are not suitable to transmit over a long distance in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave domains. In this paper, a transformation optics (TO) based all-dielectric converging lens is proposed. The beam divergence angle of the vortex wave passing through the lens can be decreased from 25° to 9°. The transformed material parameters of the converging lens are determined by solving Laplace's equation subject to specific boundary conditions. Far-field antenna radiation patterns as well as near-field helical phase and electric field amplitude distributions obtained from numerical simulations are reported, demonstrating the broadband characteristics of the proposed microwave lens. Moreover, the all-dielectric compact lens design comprised by a graded permittivity profile can be fabricated by additive manufacturing technology, which greatly facilitates the potential development and application of vortex wave based wireless communications.