gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anthropological Study of Shain Library: Uses, Perceptions, and Recommendations (2009)

In the spring of 2009 professor Benoit’s Applied Anthropology class conducted a comprehensive study on Connecticut College’s Shain Library. The class met with the library staff multiple times before deciding how to tackle the project. The research question posed was, how do students use and perceive the library? Does the library satisfy student’s needs, and if not what changes could be implemented to better the student body? The class began by submitting a proposal of our project to the Institutional Review Board, and then proceeded with the investigation. Though the topic as a whole is an examination of Shain Library each member of the class took on a specific aspects of the research. The topics covered range from study habits such as multitasking to how students utilize library resources outside of the library. The class created a DVD of their research and presented their findings to the library staff. This is the complete report of the research to compliment the DVD presentation.
Kinetics of Reactive Absorption of Carbon Dioxide with Solutions of Aniline in Nonaqueous Aprotic Solvents (2006)

Kinetics of reactive absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) with solutions of aniline in commercial nonaqueous aprotic solvents, namely, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, and m-xylene was studied in stirred cell and model stirred contactor at 303 ± 1 K and atmospheric pressure. CO2 partial pressure was varied from 0.57 to 1 atm, and the concentration of liquid-phase reactant aniline was varied from 0.75 to 5 kmol/m3. In the case of all four solvents used, the reaction appeared to be first order with respect to CO2. The reaction order with respect to aniline was found to be −0.5, 1, 2, and 2.5 in the case of acetonitrile, MEK, toluene, and m-xylene, respectively. The intrinsic kinetic rate constants at 303 ± 1 K were found to be 1.40 × 102 (kmol/m3)0.5/s, 4.90 × 10-1 1/((kmol/m3) s), 2.02 × 10-1 1/((kmol/m3)2 s), and 2.45 × 10-2 1/((kmol/m3)2.5 s), in the case of acetonitrile, MEK, toluene, and m-xylene, respectively, as solvents.
Self‐calibration method for radial GRAPPA/k‐t GRAPPA (2007)

Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA), an important parallel imaging technique, can be easily applied to radial k-space data by segmenting the k-space. The previously reported radial GRAPPA method requires extra calibration data to determine the relative shift operators. In this work it is shown that pseudo-full k-space data can be generated from the partially acquired radial data by filtering in image space followed by inverse gridding. The relative shift operators can then be approximated from the pseudo-full k-space data. The self-calibration method using pseudo-full k-space data can be applied in both k and k-t space. This technique avoids the prescans and hence improves the applicability of radial GRAPPA to image static tissue, and makes k-t GRAPPA applicable to radial trajectory. Experiments show that radial GRAPPA calibrated with pseudo-full calibration data generates results similar to radial GRAPPA calibrated with the true full k-space data for that image. If motion occurs during acquisition, self-calibrated radial GRAPPA protects structural information better than externally calibrated GRAPPA. However, radial GRAPPA calibrated with pseudo-full calibration data suffers from residual streaking artifacts when the reduction factor is high. Radial k-t GRAPPA calibrated with pseudo-full calibration data generates reduced errors compared to the sliding-window method and temporal GRAPPA (TGRAPPA).
How to fight production incidents? (2022)

Production incidents in today's large-scale cloud services can be extremely expensive in terms of customer impacts and engineering resources required to mitigate them. Despite continuous reliability efforts, cloud services still experience severe incidents due to various root-causes. Worse, many of these incidents last for a long period as existing techniques and practices fail to quickly detect and mitigate them. To better understand the problems, we carefully study hundreds of recent high severity incidents and their postmortems in Microsoft-Teams, a large-scale distributed cloud based service used by hundreds of millions of users. We answer: (a) why the incidents occurred and how they were resolved, (b) what the gaps were in current processes which caused delayed response, and (c) what automation could help make the services resilient. Finally, we uncover interesting insights by a novel multi-dimensional analysis that correlates different troubleshooting stages (detection, root-causing and mitigation), and provide guidance on how to tackle complex incidents through automation or testing at different granularity.
Evaluation of phenotypic, functional and molecular characteristics of porcine mesenchymal stromal/stem cells depending on donor age, gender and tissue source (2016)

The biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are influenced by donor age, gender and/or tissue sources. The present study investigated the cellular and molecular properties of porcine mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissues (adipose & dermal skin) and sex at different ages (1 week & 8 months after birth) with similar genetic and environmental backgrounds. MSCs were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, CD90 and Oct3/4 expression, in vitro differentiation ability, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, telomeric properties, cell cycle status and expression of senescence (IL6, c-myc, TGFβ, p53 and p21)- and apoptosis (Bak and Bcl2)-related proteins. An age-dependent decline in AP activity and adipogenesis was observed in all MSCs, except for male A-MSCs. CD90 expression did not change, but SA-β-Gal activity increased with advancement in age, except in A-MSCs. Telomeric properties were similar in all MSCs, whereas expression levels of Oct3/4 protein declined with the advancement in age. p21 expression was increased with increase in donor age. Male derived cells have shown higher IL6 expression. The expression of p53 was slightly lower in MSCs of dermal tissue than in adipose tissue. Bak was expressed in all MSCs regardless of age, but up regulation of Bcl2 was observed in DS-MSCs derived at 1 week after birth. In conclusion, adipose tissue-derived MSCs from young female individuals were found to be more resistant to senescence under in vitro culture conditions.
Improvement of Wheat Straw Conversion into Biogas by High Voltage Electrical Discharge Pretreatment (2011)

Anaerobic digestion process is achieved through several stages: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. For organic matter degradation, the rate-limiting step is the hydrolysis. In order to improve hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion performance, one possibility is to use cell lyse pretreatments. Several pretreatments can be considered: mechanical, thermal or chemical treatments. The aim of these treatments is to solubilise organic compounds and/or to destroy tridimensional molecular structure (lignin or cellulose), and especially refractory compounds, in order to make them more biodegradable. Time of digestion can thus be reduced and biogas production can be increased. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of high voltage electrical discharge pretreatments on wheat straw by evaluating its impact on matter solubilisation (TDS, VDS and sCOD/tCOD ratio) and subsequent methane production.
Leveraging Photometric Consistency over Time for Sparsely Supervised\n Hand-Object Reconstruction (2020)

Modeling hand-object manipulations is essential for understanding how humans\ninteract with their environment. While of practical importance, estimating the\npose of hands and objects during interactions is challenging due to the large\nmutual occlusions that occur during manipulation. Recent efforts have been\ndirected towards fully-supervised methods that require large amounts of labeled\ntraining samples. Collecting 3D ground-truth data for hand-object interactions,\nhowever, is costly, tedious, and error-prone. To overcome this challenge we\npresent a method to leverage photometric consistency across time when\nannotations are only available for a sparse subset of frames in a video. Our\nmodel is trained end-to-end on color images to jointly reconstruct hands and\nobjects in 3D by inferring their poses. Given our estimated reconstructions, we\ndifferentiably render the optical flow between pairs of adjacent images and use\nit within the network to warp one frame to another. We then apply a\nself-supervised photometric loss that relies on the visual consistency between\nnearby images. We achieve state-of-the-art results on 3D hand-object\nreconstruction benchmarks and demonstrate that our approach allows us to\nimprove the pose estimation accuracy by leveraging information from neighboring\nframes in low-data regimes.\n
Ultrasensitive label-free DNA analysis using an electronic chip based on carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays (2003)

We report the detection of DNA PCR amplicons using an ultrasensitive label-free electronic technique based on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanoelectrode arrays embedded in an SiO(2) matrix. Specific PCR amplicons are reliably detected using electrochemical (EC) methods through allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. The inherent guanine bases in the DNA amplicon target of [Formula: see text] bases serve as signal moieties with the aid of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) mediators, providing an amplified anodic current associated with the oxidation of guanine groups at the nanoelectrode surface. The reduced size and density of the nanoelectrode array provided by MWNTs dramatically improves the sensitivity of EC detection. In addition, the abundant guanine bases in target DNA produce a large signal. Less than [Formula: see text] target amplicons can be detected on a microspot, approaching the sensitivity limit of conventional laser-based fluorescence techniques. This method also eliminates the labelling requirement and makes the measurements much simpler. This platform can be employed for developing highly automated electronic chips with multiplex nanoelectrode arrays for quick DNA analysis.
On the space complexity of randomized synchronization (1993)

The "wait-free hierarchy" defines a deterministic nization primitives in randomized computation, and that its structure differs from that of the deterministic "wait-free hierarchy."
Session summary (1991)

This session focussed on robustness in speech recognition. The first two papers considered the effects of working with a population of real users in telephone-services environments, while the final two papers looked at front-end technologies, namely microphone arrays and representations of acoustic information.
Hybrid InGaAsP-InP Mach-Zehnder Racetrack Resonator for Thermooptic Switching and Coupling Control (2005)

An InGaAsP-InP optical switch geometry based on electrical control of waveguide-resonator coupling is demonstrated. Thermooptic tuning of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer integrated with a racetrack resonator is shown to result in switching with ON-OFF contrast up to 18.5 dB. The optical characteristics of this unique design enable a substantial reduction of the switching power, to a value of 26 mW in comparison with 40 mW for a conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch. Modulation response measurements reveal a 3 dB bandwidth of 400 kHz and a rise time of 1.8 micros, comparing favorably with current state-of-the-art thermooptic switches.
Characterization of Dendritic Polymer-Modified Porous Silica Particles Using Size Exclusion Chromatography (2001)

Abstract Dendritic polymer-modified porous silica particles prepared by poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer synthesis reaction were characterized by elementary analysis (EA) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). EA demonstrated the successful alternate growth of dendritic layers on the particles. The phased growth of polymer moieties by cascade reactions filled pores on silica particle, and decreased Mlims. It was found that the pore-size distribution can be controlled by the generation number and the reaction conditions.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients on Chronic Dialysis (2021)

In patients with ESKD, prasugrel compared with others reduced risk of death possibly by reducing risk for coronary revascularizations and without worsening gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Future trials are imperative to compare efficacy and safety of P2Y12-Is in patients with ESKD.
Lysyl residue 47 is near the subunit ATP-binding site of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. (1984)

The ATP analog 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA) inactivates dodecameric glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli with concomitant labeling of one site/subunit (Foster, W.B., Griffith, M.J., and Kingdon, H.S. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 882-886). Cyanogen bromide cleavage of the FSBA-inactivated enzyme in 70% HCOOH produced a large peptide (Mr congruent to 4600) in approximately 75% yield containing N epsilon-4-carboxybenzenesulfonyl (CBS) lysine. The CBS-peptide was purified by high performance liquid chromatography on the basis of its relatively high UV absorbance at 246 nm (delta epsilon congruent to 19,000 M-1 cm-1). The appearance of the labeled peptide coincided with the loss of a peptide (lacking tyrosine and tryptophan) from the unmodified, active enzyme; the CBS-peptide also could be distinguished from cysteine-containing peptides labeled with thionitrobenzoate and from the adenylylated peptide. The identical peptide was labeled when the unadenylylated enzyme was inactivated with FSBA in the absence or presence of Mn2+ or Mg2+ (+/- L-glutamate) or when the enzyme was adenylylated. Conformational differences among these enzyme forms therefore are not detected by affinity labeling of ATP sites. The FSBA-labeled peptide spans residues 9-48 from the N-terminal end of the subunit polypeptide chain, and sequence analysis by automated Edman degradation revealed that CBS-lysine was at position 47. Thus, lysyl residue 47 appears to be near the subunit gamma-phosphate-binding site for ATP in the native glutamine synthetase structure. The primary structure of the CBS-labeled peptide is presented.
Modeling the impact of local and distant electrode configuration on the stimulation pattern in micrometer-size neural probes (2009)

Electrical deep brain stimulation is a valuable last resort for the treatment of severe brain disorders when pharmaceutical drugs have proven to be ineffective for a particular patient. A major challenge of DBS is to achieve a high selectivity to allow efficient local stimulation of desired brain regions while minimizing side effects in neighboring regions., For discrimination at a single neuron level, we need electrodes of the same size of magnitude as that of the neurons which are in the 5 to 10 mum range. Exploration of the optimum configuration of a multitude of these microelectrodes requires finite element modeling (FEM) as an important tool for understanding the field distribution from these microelectrodes. Based on simulations in a 3D-FEM of a 10-contact 50-mum contact-size neural probe, we can show that configuring the neighboring electrodes around a stimulation electrode can be used for increasing field penetration depth into tissue. In addition, we investigate field asymmetry effects based on surrounding electrodes and the probe edge.
An Algorithm for Parallel Reconstruction of Jointly Sparse Tensors with Applications to Hyperspectral Imaging (2017)

A wide range of Compressive Sensing (CS) frameworks have been proposed to address the task of color and hyperspectral image sampling and reconstruction. Methods for reconstruction of jointly sparse vectors that leverage joint sparsity constraints such as the Multiple Measurement Vector (MMV) approach have been shown to outperform Single Measurement Vector (SMV) frameworks. Recent work has shown that exploiting joint sparsity while simultaneously preserving the high-dimensional structure of the data results in further performance improvements. We introduce a parallelizable extension of a previously proposed serial tensorial MMV approach which, like its predecessor, exploits joint sparsity constraints multiple data dimensions simultaneously, but that is parallelizable in nature. We demonstrate empirically that the proposed method provides better reconstruction fidelity of hyperspectral imagery and that it is also more computationally efficient than the current state of the art.
Tertiary Contact Formation in α-Synuclein Probed by Electron Transfer (2005)

To explore tertiary contact formation in alpha-synuclein, a natively unfolded protein implicated in Parkinson's disease, we have measured the rates of reaction between a powerful electron donor, the tryptophan (W) triplet excited state, and an acceptor, 3-nitro-tyrosine (Y(NO2)) in six different variants, probing loop sizes between 15 and 132 residues. Electron transfer rates decrease with loop size with the fastest contact time of 140 ns for the N-terminal pair and the slowest of 1.2 mus for the N- to C-terminal pair. Diffusion coefficients ranging from approximately 2 x 10-6 to approximately 10-5 cm2 s-1 were extracted from simultaneous fits of the W to Y(NO2) electron (triplet excited state) and energy transfer (singlet excited state) kinetics.
Prevention of Acute GVHD by Ex Vivo Expanded Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Regulatory T Cells (Treg) (2015)

We previously showed that adoptive transfer of 3 million Treg per kilogram recipient body weight could reduce the risk of acute GVHD (aGVHD) (39% vs. 61%, p-0.05; Blood 117:1061) in recipients of double UCBT. We hypothesized that control of GVHD was suboptimal, likely related to the low ratio of Treg to T cells in the UCB graft (i.e., 0.3:1.0). Our group previously demonstrated optimal murine GVHD control with Treg:Teffector ratio ≥ 1:1. A genetically modified K562 cell line, termed KT64/86, that expressed CD64, a high affinity Fc receptor loaded with anti-CD3 antibody, and CD86, the natural ligand of CD28/CTLA-4, was used to manufacture higher doses of Treg from a single UCB unit, that retained the CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ CD127- phenotype and had potent in vitro and in vivo (murine xenogeneic) suppression of T cell proliferation. Using this methodology, we performed a phase I dose escalation trial starting with 3 million donor Treg/kg. Patients who were candidates for nonmyeloablative double UCBT were eligible. Ten patients received Cy50/FLU200/TBI200 nonmyeloablative conditioning with sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppression. Thawed Tregs underwent a single CD25 positive selection and were cultured for 18 ±1 days in the presence of KT64/86 (1:1) supplemented with 300 units/mL rhIL-2; cultures were restimulated with KT64/86 on day 12. In the dose escalation, 3 to 100 million Tregs/kg were infused on day +1 and patients monitored for infusional toxicity and GVHD. Fifteen concurrent patients received same treatment regimen but no Treg served as controls for clinical endpoints. The median age of Treg-treated patients was 62 (r:45-69), 5 were male, 6 had acute leukemia, 4 had CLL/lymphoma. The median infused combined nucleated and CD3+ cell doses of the UCB graft were 4 x10e7 (r:4-9) and 16.5 x 10e6 (r:14-18), respectively. None had a severe adverse event with the infusion. One Treg treated patient developed a skin rash on day +16; biopsy was equivocal for engraftment syndrome to be conservative we considered as aGVHD. Thus, the incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD by day +100 was 10% (95% CI, 0-28%) as compared to 53% (95% CI, 27-79%) in the controls (p=.04, Figure). One patient developed grade 3 late gastrointestinal aGVHD in the Treg group (day 119). Engraftment was similar between Treg (90%, 95% CI, 74-99%) and control (87%, 95% CI, 65-98%) groups (p=.92). The median follow-up is too short for assessment of chronic GVHD and relapse. In summary, we 1) demonstrated the ability to consistently manufacture Treg doses up to 100 x10 e6/kg which allows for Treg: T effector ratio of up to 7:1, and 2) observed a remarkably low risk of aGVHD. This promising result is the first clear demonstration that ex vivo expanded UCB Treg are potent suppressors of aGVHD in humans and sets the stage for a future pivotal clinical trial that will assess the clinical impact of Treg GVHD prophylaxis on immune recovery and risk of leukemia relapse.
A 5-Axis Calibration Stage for Depth-of-Interaction-Correcting Scintillation Crystals (2020)

New laser-induced optical-barrier technology designed to reduce depth-of-interaction blurring requires a new calibration approach. Calibration by using a collimated beam of gamma rays to acquire a mean detector response function is important for maximum-likelihood estimation of interaction location. We have designed and built a 5-axis calibration stage to meet this need. The calibration system is able to move independently in 3 linear and 2 rotational dimensions to allow for complete control of collimated beam position and direction. This allows us to simulate gamma rays coming through a pinhole from any angle in the field of view. The need for precision in the movements between positions of the system motivated the use of a probe to map out the detector. Collision detection and automation in the software simplifies and speeds up the calibration process.
Role of genomics in cardiovascular medicine (2010)

As all branches of science grow and new experimental techniques become readily accessible, our knowledge of medicine is likely to increase exponentially in the coming years. Recently developed technologies have revolutionized our analytical capacities, leading to vast knowledge of many genes or genomic regions involved in the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases, which are often associated with other genetic syndromes, coronary artery disease and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. The knowledge-base of the genesis of cardiovascular diseases is likely going to be further revolutionized in this new era of genomic medicine. Here, we review the advances that have been made over the last several years in this field and discuss different genetic mechanisms that have been shown to underlie a variety of cardiovascular diseases.
Cu–Cu Bonding Using Selective Cobalt Atomic Layer Deposition for 2.5-D/3-D Chip Integration Technologies (2020)

The feasibility of using selective thermal cobalt metal (Co) atomic layer deposition (ALD) as high density Cu-Cu interconnect bonding is demonstrated at a low temperature (200 °C) and with minimal surface pretreatment. A Cu/Gap/Cu structure, which emulates 3-D ICs stacking is fabricated. Cobalt ALD showing seamless interconnection between copper (Cu) pads with 30-μm pitch is demonstrated with greater than 90% yield through electrical measurements, SEM inspection, EDS, and focused ion beam (FIB) cross section.section.
Highly efficient in-plane channel drop filter in a two-dimensional heterophotonic crystal (2005)

Improvements in the channel drop efficiency of an in-plane drop filter in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab are presented, using a device consisting of two photonic crystal slabs with different lattice constants. It is theoretically shown that drop efficiencies much higher than the maximum of 25% for a conventional configuration are achievable when utilizing reflections at the photonic crystal heterostructure interface. Additionally, the higher drop efficiency is found to be less sensitive to structural fluctuations. Drop operations with efficiencies of more than 80% are experimentally demonstrated by the fabricated devices.