gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early experience with transurethral needle ablation of large prostates. (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA(R)) performed on benign hyperplastic prostates > 60 gms. Patients and methods: Ten patients with bilobar hyperplasia and without a large middle lobe received one TUNA(R) Treatment. The mean age was 67.5 years (range 56-80) and the mean prostatic weight was 76.89 (range 62-98 gms). Symptom scores, quality of life (QOL), maximum and average flow rates were measured before and 1,3, and 6 months post treatment. RESULTS: After 6 months patients showed mean improvements in symptom scores (19.9 to 12.11), maximum flow rates (8.63 mL/sec to 12.75 mL/sec) and QOL (4.2 to 2.33). Recurrence of symptoms occurred in one patient at 13 months post TUNA(R) and he was retreated. One patient developed urinary retention and received a TURP. CONCLUSIONS: Short term results in this small group of patients indicate that TUNA(R) is a safe technique for individuals with large prostates and in this small group of patients resulted in reduced symptoms, high patient satisfaction and acceptable morbidity.
Evaluation of the Sphincter Pharyngoplasty (1992)

The results of the sphincter pharyngoplasty were evaluated in 139 patients with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) who demonstrated active velar elevation. All patients underwent perceptual speech evaluation and lateral phonation radiographic study; select patients underwent multiview videofluoroscopic, flexible nasendoscopic, and pressure-flow studies. All but one patient demonstrated improvement and 109/139 (78.42%) demonstrated resolution of VPI. Sixteen of thirty failed pharyngoplasties were revised. Revision was successful in 8/16 patients yielding an overall success rate of 117/139 (84.17%). Success rate was 67.65 percent for patients managed during the first 5 years and improved to 84.78 percent for patients managed during the last 5 years of this 15-year series. Analysis revealed that younger patients were treated more successfully than older patients, large velopharyngeal areas were treated as successfully as smaller ones, and circular closure patterns were treated more successfully than coronal patterns. The primary cause of failure was insertion of the flap below the point of attempted velopharyngeal contact.
Characterization of transient process phenomena using a temperature-tolerant metallurgy (1984)

Characterization of transient processes such as gettering, damage annealing, and rapid thermal treatments is a difficult problem, particularly in terms of identifying and understanding the physical processes involved. In this letter, a technique is described in which the aluminum metal layer in a conventional integrated-circuit structure is replaced by tungsten-silicide (WSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ). Since WSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is stable at processing temperatures, this technique allows one to anneal finished devices and to study the effect of single or multiple heat treatments upon device performance. Such devices serve as a vehicle for characterizing and understanding the high-temperature processes. We demonstrate here the stability of WSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> during high-temperature anneals and discuss various experiments that such a technique allows.
THE USE OF PARTIAL UPDATE SCHEMES TO REDUCE INTER-CHANNEL COHERENCE IN ADAPTIVE STEREOPHONIC ACOUSTIC ECHO CANCELLATION (2003)

The use of partial update adaptive filters for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation is investigated. The MMax-NLMS algorithm is studied in this context and its inherent robustness to subsampling of the tap-input vector is demonstrated. It is proposed to employ the subsampling of the tap input vector, that is intrinsic to partial update schemes, to decorrelate the two tap-input vectors of the stereo adaptive structure thereby enhancing convergence. We investigate the trade-off between improvement in convergence due to decorrelation of the two tap-input vectors and degradation in convergence due to subsampling in the MMax-NLMS partial update scheme. The exclusive MMax-NLMS (XM-NLMS) is proposed which approximates the joint optimization of these factors and simulation results are presented. I. INTRODUCTION Direct application of adaptive filters to the problem of stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC) is known to be ineffective due to the high coherence between the two input signals. This has led to several approaches to the problem that involve techniques to decorrelate the two input signals using, for example, non-linear processing [1] or additive signals [2]. Furthermore, the computational complexity of stereophonic echo cancellers can be high because the number of taps can be large and also because the use of least-squares-based algorithms is often preferred in order to obtain sufficient levels of cancellation. Therefore, there exists a dual motivation to develop algorithms which have improved convergence performance due to reduction of interchannel coherence whilst maintaining computational complexity to be as low as possible for practical reasons. In partial update adaptive filtering, the tap-input vector is subsampled so that only a subset of filter taps is updated at each iteration [3] [4]. The aim of this work is to investigate whether such subsampling can bring a reduction in the inter-channel coherence of the tap-input vectors that results in improved convergence. The problem has been structured as a joint optimization of two scores - one describing the inter-channel coherence between the tap-input vectors and the other describing the ‘closeness’ of the tap selection to that of the MMax-NLMS scheme. In this context, the ideal tap selection is therefore one which selects the elements of the tap input vectors such that the inter-channel coherence is minimized whilst maximizing their L1 norm. A brief discussion of MMax-NLMS is presented in Section II. We shall look at the effect of decorrelation in Section III. Section IV presents XM-NLMS algorithm while Section V concludes the present work and discusses the ongoing research work.
In situ diffuse reflectance spectroscopy investigation of low-temperature-grown GaAs (2002)

We have utilized in situ diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to monitor both the substrate temperature transient and the epilayer absorption during low-temperature (LT) GaAs molecular-beam epitaxy. We have found a significant increase of the sub-band-gap absorption from LT GaAs. The magnitude of absorption at 1.2 eV correlates well with the concentration of arsenic antisite defects. The incorporation rate of arsenic antisites appears uniform despite a substrate temperature transient due to the effusion cell radiation heating. The influence of absorption spectra change on the accuracy of DRS temperature measurement is also discussed. This study shows that DRS can be used for both growth temperature measurement and real-time nonstoichiometry monitoring.
Mixed-Resistance Diffusion Kinetics in Fixed-Bed Adsorption under Constant Pattern Conditions (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed-Resistance Diffusion Kinetics in Fixed-Bed Adsorption under Constant Pattern ConditionsRobert D. Fleck Jr., Donald J. Kirwan, and Kenneth R. HallCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1973, 12, 1, 95–99Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160045a016https://doi.org/10.1021/i160045a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display Using Film Substrate (2012)

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Blind esophageal brushing offers a safe and accurate method to monitor inflammation in children and young adults with eosinophilic esophagitis (2018)

Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) require frequent evaluation of mucosal inflammation via endoscopy. Instead of endoscopy, mucosal evaluation in adults with esophageal cancer and candidiasis is achieved using a cytology brush inserted through a nasogastric tube (NGT). We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in children and young adults scheduled for routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) where in Phase 1, we performed esophageal brushing through the endoscope under direct visualization and in Phase 2, we inserted the brush through a Cortrak® NGT prior to endoscopy. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) measured by ELISA in the samples extracted from brushes was validated as the sensitive biomarker. We collected 209 esophageal brushing samples from 94 patients and we found that EDN in brushing samples collected via EGD or NGT was significantly higher in patients having active EoE (n = 81, mean EDN 381 mcg/mL) compared with patients having gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 31, mean EDN 1.9 mcg/mL, P = 0.003), EoE in remission (n = 47, mean EDN 3.7 mcg/mL, P = 0.003), or no disease (n = 50, mean EDN 1.1 mcg/mL, P = 0.003). EDN at a concentration of ≥10 mcg/mL of brushing sample was found to accurately detect active EoE. NGT brushing did not cause any significant adverse effects. We concluded that blind esophageal brushing using an NGT is a fast, less invasive, safe, and well-tolerated technique compared with EGD to detect and monitor EoE inflammation using EDN as the sensitive biomarker.
Cloud Datacenter SDN Monitoring (2018)

Cloud customers require highly reliable and performant leased datacenter infrastructure to deliver quality service for their users. It is thus critical for cloud providers to quickly detect and mitigate infrastructure faults. While much is known about managing faults that arise in the datacenter physical infrastructure (i.e., network and server equipment), comparatively little has been published regarding management of the logical overlay networks frequently employed to provide strong isolation in multi-tenant datacenters.
Exploiting SSD parallelism to accelerate application launch on SSDs (2011)

Using an optimised application prefetcher to accelerate the application launch on solid-state drives (SSDs) by exploiting the SSD parallelism is proposed. The proposed prefetcher was implemented on the Linux OS and achieved a 37% reduction of prefetcher execution time, which corresponds to an 18% reduction of application launch time.
A Comparison of High-Resolution Melting Analysis With Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Mutation Scanning (2005)

High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) was compared with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) for mutation scanning of common mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. We amplified (polymerase chain reaction under conditions optimized for melting analysis or dHPLC) 26 previously genotyped samples with mutations in exons 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 17b, and 21, including 20 different genotypes. Heterozygous mutations were detected by a change in shape of the melting curve or dHPLC tracing. All 20 samples with heterozygous mutations studied by both techniques were identified correctly by melting (100% sensitivity), and 19 were identified by dHPLC (95% sensitivity). The specificity of both methods also was good, although the dHPLC traces of exon 7 consistently revealed 2 peaks for wild-type samples, risking false-positive interpretation. Homozygous mutations could not be detected using curve shape by either method. However, when the absolute temperatures of HRMA were considered, G542X but not F508del homozygotes could be distinguished from wild type. HRMA easily detected heterozygotes in all single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) classes (including A/T SNPs) and 1-or 2-base-pair deletions. HRMA had better sensitivity and specificity than dHPLC with the added advantage that some homozygous sequence alterations could be identified. HRMA has great potential for rapid, closed-tube mutation scanning.
Compact radiation detector (2023)

An apparatus for detecting radiation is provided. In embodiments, at least one sensor is disposed on a surface of a wafer-like substrate. At least one sensor medium is fixed relative to the substrate, optically or electrically coupled to the sensor, and separated from the sensor by no more than the substrate thickness. An electronic signal-processing circuit is connected to the sensor and configured to produce an output when the sensor is stimulated by a product of an interaction between the sensor medium and impinging radiation. The sensor is configured to collect, from the sensor medium, charge and/or light produced within the sensor medium by interactions with impinging radiation.
Nature-Inspired High-Directivity Microstrip Antennas: Fractals and Genetics (2016)

High directivity single element patch antennas with broadside directivity are preferred to array antennas since it avoids the need for a complex feeding network. Two examples of high-directive microstrip antennas synthesized by fractals and genetic algorithm optimization are compared in this paper. Both simulated and measured results show the potential of fractals and genetic algorithms to design non-intuitive antennas having broadside and high-directivity performance with a single microstrip element. Said elements are useful for hot-spots.
Characterization of Rat Alveolar Type II Cells in vitro by Immunological, Biochemical, and Morphological Criteria (1986)

Using an anti-rat surfactant apoprotein antiserum which specifically reacts with cytoplasmic structures in alveolar type II cells on histopathology sections of rat lung, we have examined the immunoreactivity of pulmonary type II cells in vitro. Single cell suspensions of lung tissue were prepared from male Fischer 344 rats by intratracheal elastase digestion according to standard published methods. Cytocentrifuged preparations of the resulting cell suspensions revealed that approximately 40% of the cells stained positive for surfactant apoprotein using an immunoperoxidase staining technique. Without further cell fractionation steps, the cell suspensions were plated at colonial densities in growth medium. The cells that attached after 24 hours of incubation and at daily intervals were analyzed for surfactant apoprotein immunoreactivity as well as for proliferation, morphology, and phospholipid biosynthesis. The percentage of immunopositive cells increased with time from 75% at day 1 to 94% at 4 days after plating. This increase was paralleled by a linear increase in the number of immunopositive cells, which expanded into cell colonies. During the initial 5 days in vitro, the immunopositive cells retained their epithelial morphology and contained cytoplasmic osmiophilic bodies. Phospholipid biosynthesis by the isolated lung cells was analyzed and the data revealed that the rate of incorporation of 14C-choline into phosphatidylcholine increased with time in culture. These studies indicated that the anti-rat surfactant apoprotein antisera can be used to identify and quantitate functional alveolar type II cells in vitro. Thus the specific antisera may facilitate studies of type II cells undergoing various environmental alterations both in vivo and in vitro.
4.-8. März 2019 (2019)

After creation of a new b-tree, the ordinary course of database updates and index maintenance causes waves of node splits. Thus, a new index may at first speed up database query processing but then the first “wave of misery” requires effort for frequent node splits and imposes spikes of buffer pool contention and of I/O. Waves of misery continue over multiple instances although eventually the waves widen, flatten, and spread further apart. Free space in each node left during index creation fails to prevent the problem; it merely delays the onset of the first wave. We have found a theoretically sound way to avoiding these waves of misery as well as some simple and practical means to reduce their amplitude to negligible levels. Experiments demonstrate that these techniques are also effective. Waves of misery occur in databases and in key-value stores, in primary and in secondary b-tree indexes, after load operations, and after b-tree reorganization or rebuild. The same remedies apply with equal effect.
Suprathreshold temporal-frequency discrimination in the fovea and the periphery (1994)

To address the question of whether temporal-frequency information in the fovea and the periphery is processed in fundamentally different ways we measured temporal-frequency-discrimination thresholds for spatiotemporally narrow-band stimuli presented at suprathreshold contrast. Temporal-frequency-discrimination thresholds are similar (within a factor of 2) at the fovea and at 30 degrees in the periphery. We use a line-element approach and three spatiotemporally separable temporal mechanisms to model foveal and peripheral data with the same degree of fidelity. These findings suggest that not only are the front-end temporal mechanisms in the fovea and periphery likely to be similar but also the way in which their outputs are combined at more central sites is the same.
Hydrogen-Doping-Enabled Boosting of the Carrier Mobility and Stability in Amorphous IGZTO Transistors (2022)

This study investigated the effect of hydrogen (H) on the performance of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-Sn oxide (<i>a</i>-In<sub>0.29</sub>Ga<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.11</sub>Sn<sub>0.25</sub>O) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Ample H in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)-derived SiO<sub>2</sub> can diffuse into the underlying <i>a</i>-IGZTO film during the postdeposition annealing (PDA) process, which affects the electrical properties of the resulting TFTs due to its donor behavior in the <i>a</i>-IGZTO. The <i>a</i>-In<sub>0.29</sub>Ga<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.11</sub>Sn<sub>0.25</sub>O TFTs at the PDA temperature of 400 °C exhibited a remarkably higher field-effect mobility (μ<sub>FE</sub>) of 85.9 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, a subthreshold gate swing (SS) of 0.33 V/decade, a threshold voltage (<i>V</i><sub>TH</sub>) of -0.49 V, and an <i>I</i><sub>ON/OFF</sub> ratio of ∼10<sup>8</sup>; these values are superior compared to those of unpassivated <i>a</i>-In<sub>0.29</sub>Ga<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.11</sub>Sn<sub>0.25</sub>O TFTs (μ<sub>FE</sub> = 23.3 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, SS = 0.36 V/decade, and <i>V</i><sub>TH</sub> = -3.33 V). In addition, the passivated <i>a</i>-In<sub>0.29</sub>Ga<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.11</sub>Sn<sub>0.25</sub>O TFTs had good stability against the external gate bias duration. This performance change can be attributed to the substitutional H doping into oxygen sites (H<sub>O</sub>) leading to a boost in <i>n</i><sub>e</sub> and μ<sub>FE</sub>. In contrast, the beneficial H<sub>O</sub> effect was barely observed for amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (<i>a</i>-IGZO) TFTs, suggesting that the hydrogen-doping-enabled boosting of <i>a</i>-IGZTO TFTs is strongly related to the existence of Sn cations. Electronic calculations of V<sub>O</sub> and H<sub>O</sub> using density functional theory (DFT) were performed to explain this disparity. The introduction of SnO<sub>2</sub> in <i>a</i>-IGZO is predicted to cause a conversion from shallow V<sub>O</sub> to deep V<sub>O</sub> due to the lower formation energy of deep V<sub>O</sub>, which is effectively created around Sn cations. The formation of H<sub>O</sub> by H doping in the IGZTO facilitates the efficient connection of atomic states forming the conduction band more smoothly. This reduces the effective mass and enhances the carrier mobility.
Recent advances in silicon carbide MOSFET power devices (2010)

Emerging silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET power devices promise to displace silicon IGBTs from the majority of challenging power electronics applications by enabling superior efficiency and power density, as well as capability to operate at higher temperatures. This paper reports on the recent progress in development of 1200V SiC power MOSFETs. Two different chip sizes were fabricated and tested: 15A (0.225cm×0.45cm) and 30A (0.45cm×0.45cm) devices. First, the 30A MOSFETs were packaged as discrete components and static and switching measurements were performed. The device blocking voltage was 1200V and typical on-resistance was less than 50 mΩ with gate-source voltages of 0V and 20V, respectively. The total switching losses were 0.6 mJ, over five times lower than the competing devices. Next, a buck converter was built for evaluating long-term stability of the MOSFETs and typical switching waveforms are presented. Finally, the 15A MOSFETs were used for fabrication of 150A all-SiC modules. The module on-resistance values were in the range of 10 mQ, resulting in the best-in-class on-state voltage values of 1.5V at nominal current. The module switching losses were 2.3 mJ during turn-on and 1 mJ during turn-off, also significantly better than competing designs. The results validate performance advantages of the SiC MOSFETs, moving them a step closer to power electronics applications.
Developmental differences in the immortalization of lung fibroblasts by telomerase (2003)

The role of ambient (21%) and physiological oxygen (2-5%) in the immortalization of fetal vs. adult human lung fibroblasts was examined. Growth in low oxygen and antioxidants extended the lifespan of both fetal and adult strains. As the ectopic expression of telomerase could immortalize adult lung fibroblasts cultured in ambient oxygen, the lifespan-shortening effects of 21% oxygen must have been largely limited to telomeres. By contrast, fetal lung fibroblasts could not be immortalized in ambient oxygen in spite of telomere elongation by telomerase, suggesting more widespread oxidative damage. The long-term culture requirements for the immortalization of WI-38 fetal lung fibroblasts included supplementation with N-(tert) butyl hydroxylamine, dexamethasone, zinc and vitamin B12, in addition to growth in physiological oxygen. The mechanisms regulating telomere shortening remain controversial. The present results suggest that both end-replication and oxidative damage events contribute to telomere shortening in lung fibroblasts in vitro. These observations emphasize the need for better analytical techniques to distinguish whether the correlation of short telomeres with disease and mortality in humans reflects the consequences of increased proliferation, telomere shortening as a result of oxidative damage or some combination of these processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroboration and Hydrozirconation of tert.‐Butylimino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinoborane. (1986)

Abstract If H 3 B ‐ THF is used in the hydroboration of the title compound (I) the reaction proceeds to give the four‐membered ring (II) as the main product.