gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiparametric in vivo ultrasound shear wave viscoelastography on farm-raised fatty duck livers: human radiology imaging applied to food sciences (2020)

Nine mulard ducks that were being raised for foie gras (steatosis) production went through in vivo shear wave (SW) elastography imaging of their liver during the force-feeding period to investigate changes in liver tissue characteristics. A total of 4 imaging sessions at an interval of 3 to 4 d were conducted at the farm on each animal. Three ducks were sacrificed at the second, third, and fourth imaging sessions for histopathology analysis of all animals at these time points. Six SW elastography parameters were evaluated: SW speed, SW attenuation, SW dispersion, Young's modulus, viscosity, and shear modulus. Shear waves of different frequencies propagate with different phase velocities. Thus, SW speed and other dependent parameters such as Young's modulus, viscosity, and shear modulus were computed at 2 frequencies: 75 and 202 Hz. Each parameter depicted a statistically significant trend along the force-feeding process (P-values between 0.001 and 0.0001). The fat fraction of the liver increased over the 12-day period of feeding. All parameters increased monotonically over time at 75 Hz, whereas modal relations were seen at 202 Hz. Shear wave dispersion measured between 75 and 202 Hz depicted a plateau from day 5. Based on this validation, proposed imaging methods are aimed to be used in the future on naturally fed ducks and geese.
Simulation of ablation arcs in realistic nozzles (2008)

Self-consistent modelling of arcs in circuit breakers is very valuable since it does not require any empirical input and thus enables simulations of arcs with arbitrary shapes and arcing modes. A self-consistent CFD arc model with physically sound radiation description is developed and applied in this work to simulate ablation controlled arcs in cylindrical and non-cylindrical nozzles. The impact of the nozzle shape on the arc pressure and voltage is shown. The model is validated by comparisons to experimental data for cylindrical nozzles and an industrial high voltage circuit breaker. The model is capable of predicting the measured quantities with less then 20% error.
Specific and Label‐Free Sensing of Prostate‐Specific Antigen (PSA) from an Ultrasmall Drop of Diluted Human Serum with the Meta‐Nano‐Channel Silicon Field‐Effect Biosensor (2023)

Abstract Self‐use tests are the future of medical diagnostics. Hence, there is a need for low‐cost, simple‐to‐use sensing of multiple analytes from ultrasmall physiological samples. The Meta‐Nano‐Channel (MNC) field‐effect biosensor is employed for sensing of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). The novelty of the MNC biosensor is: (1) it allows to optimize the coupling between the electrostatics of the biological interactions and the readout current, and (2) it allows to electrostatically affect the biological complexes postinteraction. These attributes yield an optimized and tunable sensing performance. The MNC biosensor is fabricated in a high‐volume silicon chip factory for this research, and an excellent repeatability and robustness in an environment of 1:100 diluted serum is demonstrated. Specific and label‐free PSA sensing is demonstrated from ultrasmall 0.5 µL drops of 1:100 diluted serum with a limit‐of‐detection of 1 fg mL −1 , and excellent linearity over a concentration range of six orders of magnitude. Importantly, the attributes of the MNC biosensor allow for a tunable sensitivity and a tunable dynamic range.
The problems that generate the rationality debate are too easy, given what our economy now demands (2003)

Stanovich &amp; West (S&amp;W), following all relevant others, define the rationality debate in terms of human performance on certain well-known problems. Unfortunately, these problems are very easy. For that reason, if System 2 cognition is identified with the capacity to solve them, such cognition will not enable humans to meet the cognitive demands of our technological society. Other profound issues arise as well.
Identification of Membrane Protein Associated with Sucrose Transport Into Cells of Developing Soybean Cotyledons (1988)

The photolyzable sucrose derivative 6'-deoxy-6'-(4-azido-2-hydroxy)-benzamidosucrose (6'-HABS), competitively inhibited the influx of [(14)C] sucrose into protoplasts from developing soybean (Glycine max L. Merr cv Wye) cotyledons. Photolysis of (125)I-labeled 6'-HABS in the presence of 10 millimolar dithiothreitol and microsomal preparations from developing soybean cotyledons led to label incorporation into a moderately abundant membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of about 62 kilodalton (kD) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 62 kD protein was partially protected from labeling by the inclusion of 100 millimolar sucrose in the photolysis medium and also by the inclusion of 10 millimolar phenyl alpha-d-thioglucopyranoside. Glucose, raffinose, or phenyl alpha-d-3-deoxy-3-fluoroglucopyranoside did not afford even partial protection from labeling. When the photolyzable moiety of 6'-HABS was attached to 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose and (125)I labeled, the resulting photoprobe did not label the 62 kD protein above background. The labeled protein at 62 kD is therefore apparently a specific, sucrose binding protein. Sucrose influx into cotlyedons of less than 25 milligrams fresh weight (approximately 10 days after flowering) occurred by passive processes, but metabolically dependent uptake became dominant over the next 5 to 7 days of development. Both the Coomassie staining protein at 62 kD and label incorporation at that position in analysis of membrane proteins appeared concomitant with the onset of active sucrose influx. Polyclonal antibodies to the purified 62 kD protein bound specifically to a protein in the plasmalemma of thin sections prepared from cotyledons and density stained with colloidal gold-protein A. The results suggest that the 62 kD membrane protein is associated with sucrose transport and may be the plasmalemma sucrose transporter.
M-GCN: Multi-Branch Graph Convolution Network for 2D Image-based on 3D Model Retrieval (2020)

2D image based 3D model retrieval is a challenging research topic in the field of 3D model retrieval. The huge gap between two modalities - 2D image and 3D model, extremely constrains the retrieval performance. In order to handle this problem, we propose a novel multi-branch graph convolution network (M-GCN) to address the 2D image based 3D model retrieval problem. First, we compute the similarity between 2D image and 3D model based on visual information to construct one cross-modalities graph model, which can provide the original relationship between image and 3D model. However, this relationship is not accurate because of the difference of modalities. Thus, the multi-head attention mechanism is employed to generate a set of fully connected edge-weighted graphs, which can predict the hidden relationship between 2D image and 3D model to further strengthen the correlation for the embedding generation of nodes. Finally, we apply the max-pooling operation to fuse the multi-graphs information and generate the fusion embeddings of nodes for retrieval. To validate the performance of our method, we evaluated M-GCN on the MI3DOR dataset, Shrec 2018 track and Shrec 2014 track. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.
Computer graphics and geometric ornamental design (2002)

Horror Vacui: A tendency, sometimes characterized as medieval or primitive, to fill all the available pictorial space with decorative or other motifs, as if “afraid of a vacuum. ” [10] 1
Technology Evolution and Capacity Growth in Undersea Cables (2020)

We examine the technology evolution that fueled exponential cable capacity growth over the last decades. We are at a critical point when transmission technology is mature and approaching fundamental limits. What is the path forward?
A Study of Inhomogeneous Schottky Diodes on n-Type 4H-SiC (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression in HMC-1 cells: differential regulation of gene product expression by recombinant interleukin-4. (1993)

Cytokine-activation pathways in mast cells are supposed to play a significant role in host defense mechanisms and allergic reactions. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a well-characterized regulator of growth and function of mast cells. The human mast cell line HMC-1 was established from a patient suffering from mast cell leukemia and was shown to expose IL-4 binding sites. In the present study, the effects of recombinant human (rh) IL-4 and other rh cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8) on expression of cytokine mRNA in HMC-1 cells were examined by Northern blot analysis using oligonucleotide probes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 beta transcripts were found to be expressed constitutively in HMC-1 cells, whereas transcripts for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could not be detected. Of all cytokines tested, rhIL-4 was found to down-regulate IL-1 beta mRNA expression and formation of immunoreactive IL-1 beta protein in HMC-1 cells. The effect of IL-4 on IL-1 beta gene product expression was time- and dose-dependent (maximum effects obtained with 100 U/mL of rhIL-4). No effect of IL-4 on expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in HMC-1 cells was observed. These results raise the possibility that human mast cells are a source of both TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. Furthermore, our study provides evidence that IL-4 regulates IL-1 beta gene product expression in HMC-1 cells. The HMC-1 cell line should be a useful tool for studying cytokine activation pathways in human mast cells.
Nanomaterial Building Blocks Based on Spider Silk–Oligonucleotide Conjugates (2014)

Self-assembling protein nanofibrils are promising structures for the "bottom-up" fabrication of bionanomaterials. Here, the recombinant protein eADF4(C16), a variant of Araneus diadematus dragline silk ADF4, which self-assembles into nanofibrils, and short oligonucleotides were modified for site-specific azide-alkyne coupling. Corresponding oligonuleotide-eADF4(C16) "click" conjugates were hybridized in linear or branched fashion according to the designed complementarities of the DNA moieties. Self-assembly properties of higher ordered structures of the spider silk-DNA conjugates were dominated by the silk component. Assembled β-sheet rich conjugate fibrils were similar in appearance to fibrils of unmodified eADF4(C16) but enabled the specific attachment of neutravidin-modified gold nanoparticles on their surface directed by complementary biotin-oligonucleotides, providing the basis for functionalization of such conjugates.
Imaging of fluorescence in highly scattering media (1997)

Two one-speed radiation transport equations coupled by a dynamic equation for the distribution of fluorophore electronic states are used to model the migration of excitation photons and emitted fluorescence photons. The conditions for producing appreciable levels of fluorophore in the excited state are studied, with the conclusion that minimal saturation occurs under the conditions applicable to tissue imaging. This simplifies the derivation of the frequency response and of the imaging operator for a time-harmonic excitation source. Several factors known to influence the fluorescence response-the concentration, mean lifetime and quantum yield of the fluorophore, and the modulation frequency of the excitatory source-are examined. Optimal sensitivity conditions are obtained by analyzing the fluorescence source strength as a function of the mean lifetime and modulation frequency. The dependence of demodulation of the fluorescent signal on the above factors is also examined. In complementary studies, transport-theory-based operators for imaging fluorophore distributions in a highly scattering medium are derived. Experimental data were collected by irradiating a cylindrical phantom containing one or two fluorophore-filled balloons with continuous wave laser light. The reconstruction results show that qualitatively and quantitatively good images can be obtained, with embedded objects accurately located and the fluorophore concentration correctly determined.
Millimeter Wave Sensor For On-Line Inspection Of Thin Sheet Dielectrics (2023)

A millimeter wave sensor is provided for non-destructive inspection of thin sheet dielectric materials. The millimeter wave sensor includes a Gunn diode oscillator (GDO) source generating a mill meter wave electromagnetic energy signal having a single frequency. A heater is coupled to the GDO source for stabilizing the single frequency. A small size antenna is coupled to the GDO source for transmitting the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal to a sample material and for receiving a reflected millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal from the sample material. Ferrite circulator isolators coupled between the GDO source and the antenna separate the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal into transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components and a detector detects change in both amplitude and phase of the transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components. A millimeter wave sensor is provided for non-destructive inspection of thin sheet dielectric materials. The millimeter wave sensor includes a Gunn diode oscillator (GDO) source generating a mill meter wave electromagnetic energy signal having a single frequency. A heater is coupled to the GDO source for stabilizing the single frequency. A small size antenna is coupled to the GDO source for transmitting the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal to a sample material and for receiving a reflected millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal from the sample material. Ferrite circulator isolators coupled between the GDO source and the antenna separate the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal into transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components and a detector detects change in both amplitude and phase of the transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components.
Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) and Poly (L-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Degradable Polymer Sponges Attenuate Astrocyte Response and Lesion Growth in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury (2007)

This study evaluated the response of rat brain to 2 degradable polymers (poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)), two common materials in tissue engineering. PLGA has been extensively studied in the brain for controlled drug release as injectable microspheres and is generally accepted as biocompatible in that capacity. Biocompatibility in other forms and for different functions in the brain has not been widely studied. PCL was chosen as an alternative to PLGA for its slower degradation and less-acidic pH upon degradation. Porous scaffolds were made from both polymers and implanted into rat cerebral cortex for 1 and 4 weeks. Morphology, defect size, activation of microglia (OX-42) and astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), infiltration of activated macrophages (major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II), and ingrowth of neurons (beta-tubulin type III (Tuj-1)) and progenitor cells (nestin) were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence. PCL induced a lower inflammatory response than PLGA, as demonstrated by lower MHC-II and GFAP expression and greater ingrowth. Both polymers alleviated astrocytic activation and prevented enlargement of the defect. Tuj-1-, nestin-, and GFAP-positive cells were observed growing on both polymers at the peripheries of the sponge implants, demonstrating their permissiveness to neural ingrowth. These findings suggest that both polymers attenuate secondary death and scarring and that PCL might have advantages over PLGA.
Superlattices of YBa2Cu3O7−δ/PrBa2Cu3O7−δ grown by the pulsed organometallic beam epitaxy method (1993)

We report on the growth of YBa2Cu3O7−δ/PrBa2Cu3O7−δ superlattices by pulsed organometallic beam epitaxy technique. X-ray diffraction and analytical high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements show high-quality superlattice crystalline structures are being grown. Electrical measurements of these layered oxides have also shown very promising results. This work demonstrates the capabilities of pulsed organometallic chemical vapor deposition as an alternative method for growing high temperature superconducting oxides in a controlled manner.
The cages, dynamics, and structuring of incipient methane clathrate hydrates (2011)

Interest in describing clathrate hydrate formation mechanisms spans multiple fields of science and technical applications. Here, we report findings from multiple molecular dynamics simulations of spontaneous methane clathrate hydrate nucleation and growth from fully demixed and disordered two-phase fluid systems of methane and water. Across a range of thermodynamic conditions and simulation geometries and sizes, a set of seven cage types comprises approximately 95% of all cages formed in the nucleated solids. This set includes the ubiquitous 5(12) cage, the 5(12)6(n) subset (where n ranges from 2-4), and the 4(1)5(10)6(n) subset (where n also ranges from 2-4). Transformations among these cages occur via water pair insertions/removals and rotations, and may elucidate the mechanisms of solid-solid structural rearrangements observed experimentally. Some consistency is observed in the relative abundance of cages among all nucleation trajectories. 5(12) cages are always among the two most abundant cage types in the nucleated solids and are usually the most abundant cage type. In all simulations, the 5(12)6(n) cages outnumber their 4(1)5(10)6(n) counterparts with the same number of water molecules. Within these consistent features, some stochasticity is observed in certain cage ratios and in the long-range ordering of the nucleated solids. Even when comparing simulations performed at the same conditions, some trajectories yield swaths of multiple adjacent sI unit cells and long-range order over 5 nm, while others yield only isolated sI unit cells and little long-range order. The nucleated solids containing long-range order have higher 5(12)6(2)/5(12) and 5(12)6(3)/4(1)5(10)6(2) cage ratios when compared to systems that nucleate with little long-range order. The formation of multiple adjacent unit cells of sI hydrate at high driving forces suggests an alternative or addition to the prevailing hydrate nucleation hypotheses which involve formation through amorphous intermediates.
Improvements in the modulation amplitude of submicron gratings produced in n-InP by direct photoelectrochemical etching (1985)

The modulation amplitude of gratings produced by maskless etching techniques decreases rapidly at spatial frequencies &amp;gt;500 mm−1. This has limited the usefulness of these techniques for producing the submicron gratings required for distributed feedback lasers. We report improvements as large as a factor of 100 in the direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of gratings in n-InP which were accomplished by changing the composition and concentration of the electrolyte solutions. Measurements on the PEC etching characteristics of n-InP in HF, HCl, HBr, and H2SO4 solvents are presented.
Potential of Ordered Mesoporous Silica for Oral Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs (2011)

The use of ordered mesoporous silica is one of the more recent and rapidly developing formulation techniques for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Their large surface area and pore volume make ordered mesoporous silica materials excellent candidates for efficient drug loading and rapid release. While this new approach offers many promising advantages, further research is still necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and to improve our scientific insight into the behavior of this system. In this review, the significant developments to date are presented and research challenges highlighted. Aspects of downstream processability are discussed in view of their special bulk powder properties and unique pore architecture. Lastly, perspectives for successful oral dosage form development are presented.
Preclinical toxicology and safety pharmacology of the first-in-class GADD45β/MKK7 inhibitor and clinical candidate, DTP3 (2019)

Aberrant NF-κB activity drives oncogenesis and cell survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and many other cancers. However, despite an aggressive effort by the pharmaceutical industry over the past 30 years, no specific IκBα kinase (IKK)β/NF-κB inhibitor has been clinically approved, due to the multiple dose-limiting toxicities of conventional NF-κB-targeting drugs. To overcome this barrier to therapeutic NF-κB inhibition, we developed the first-in-class growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible (GADD45)β/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK)7 inhibitor, DTP3, which targets an essential, cancer-selective cell-survival module downstream of the NF-κB pathway. As a result, DTP3 specifically kills MM cells, <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, ablating MM xenografts in mice, with no apparent adverse effects, nor evident toxicity to healthy cells. Here, we report the results from the preclinical regulatory pharmacodynamic (PD), safety pharmacology, pharmacokinetic (PK), and toxicology programmes of DTP3, leading to the approval for clinical trials in oncology. These results demonstrate that DTP3 combines on-target-selective pharmacology, therapeutic anticancer efficacy, favourable drug-like properties, long plasma half-life and good bioavailability, with no target-organs of toxicity and no adverse effects preclusive of its clinical development in oncology, upon daily repeat-dose administration in both rodent and non-rodent species. Our study underscores the clinical potential of DTP3 as a conceptually novel candidate therapeutic selectively blocking NF-κB survival signalling in MM and potentially other NF-κB-driven cancers.
Synthesis and Molecular Characterization of a New Molecularly-ordered Layered Silicate Material (2012)

International audience