gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward the mammalian transcript map (1999)

The advances which made positional cloning possible are now a decade old. Positional cloning has become easier over this period because resources have improved. This started with shared gridded large-insert genomic libraries, has continued with gridded cDNA libraries, Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequencing and mapping, and is moving into later stages of gene and gene product characterisation and of course genome sequencing. It is clear that it must get easier still because few Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) have yet been cloned. With the large regions involved in QTL hunts, the key resource is a comprehensive, richly annotated transcript map as a source of candidate genes. Since some tissues or developmental stages are more easily studied in particular species, the best transcript map will be a composite of mammalian maps. In mouse our priority is to make a high quality physical map. We are making a well anchored second-generation Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) map, from which a sequence-ready Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) map can be derived in parallel with transcript mapping.
Vaccines against cervical cancer (2004)

Cervical cancer and precancerous lesions of the genital tract are a major threat to women's health worldwide. Although the introduction of screening tests to detect cervical cancer and its precursor lesions has reduced overall cervical cancer rates in the developed world, the approach was largely unsuccessful for developing countries, primarily due to a lack of appropriate infrastructures and high costs. Annually, 470,000 cervical cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide, of which 80% occur in developing countries. Despite advances in treatment of cervical cancer, approximately half of the women afflicted with the disease will die. Over 20 years of dedicated research has provided conclusive evidence that a subset of human papillomaviruses are the aetiological agents for cervical cancer. Finding a viral origin for this disease provided the basis to fight cervical cancer using prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination. Both vaccine approaches are reviewed here, with an emphasis on recent clinical data.
All Single-Mode Synchronously Mode locked Erbium-Ytterbium Fiber Laser Pumped with a Nd:YAG Laser (1993)

All-optical active mode locking is currently of great interest for the generation of high-repetition rate pulse trains [1] and in all-optical clock-recovery circuits [2] , which are some of the key components of ultra-high bit rate communication systems [3] . Though active mode locking has been known for some 30 years [4] , only recently has the advent of high-quality single-mode rare-earth-doped fibers [5] enabled the replacement of the electronic modulator with its all-optical equivalent. In this technique an optical control pulse is used to periodically perturb the phase of the fiber (or waveguide) laser via cross-phase modulation. By the generation of side-bands the laser modes of the signal may then be locked to produce an all-optical equivalent of FM mode locking.
Internet use by patients in an inflammatory bowel disease specialty clinic (2007)

Over half of patients in an IBD clinic used the internet to gather IBD-specific information. Use was inversely associated with age and positively correlated with education level. There was no income association. These findings suggest web-based IBD information may become increasingly important in the future.
TNF-α and LPA promote synergistic expression of COX-2 in human colonic myofibroblasts: role of LPA-mediated transactivation of upregulated EGFR (2013)

Synergistic COX-2 expression induced by TNF-α and LPA involves Src/MMP-mediated transactivation of EGFR and downstream p42/44 MAPK activation in human colonic myofibroblasts. Enhanced EGFR expression induced by TNF-α promotes GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation in colonic myofibroblasts, providing an important mechanism for stromal COX-2 over-expression that may predispose to the development of colitis-associated cancer.
Self-Healable Antifreeze Hydrogel Based on Dense Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding (2021)

The random amphiphilic copolymers containing a large fraction (35–50 mol %) of ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) that can dimerize using a quadruple hydrogen bonding were synthesized to produce antifreeze and dynamic hydrogels. Directional packing of the UPy–UPy dimers provides nanosized aggregates, and the effective gap distance between the aggregates is narrow enough to inhibit the water crystallization by the confinement effect. The characteristic dimensions such as the aggregate size and gap distance depend on the polymer concentration and the UPy fraction in the polymers. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent dynamics of UPy allows the hydrogels to form the frozen structure at a lower temperature, while the injectability and self-healing property were achieved at room temperature. The antifreeze hydrogels also exhibit negligible cytotoxicity and thus expands the applicable area including the drug storage and cell cryopreservation.
Study And Application Of Laser Created X-Ray Sources (1986)

Laser produced X-ray spectra are studied both theoretically and experimentally in the range 0.1-5 keV for laser wavelengths &lambda; = 0.26 &mu;m and &lambda; = 0.53 &mu;m. The X-ray conversion efficiencies in various spectral ranges are presented. It is possible to obtain from a laser plasma source a well characterized X-ray spectra. As an example of application, the exposure of P.B.S. resist is studied both in the XUV and soft X-ray ranges.
Cyclic Emitter with Tetraphenylsilane and Tetraphenylethene Units Exhibiting Tunable Color Emissions (2017)

A novel cyclic emitter composed of tetraphenylsilane and tetraphenylethene backbone was successfully synthesized through a convenient homocoupling procedure. The optical and thermal properties of t...
Formal verification of complex coherence protocols using symbolic state models (1998)

Directory-based coherence protocols in shared-memory multiprocessors are so complex that verification techniques based on automated procedures are required to establish their correctness. State enumeration approaches are well-suited to the verification of cache protocols but they face the problem of state space explosion, leading to unacceptable verification time and memory consumption even for small system configurations. One way to manage this complexity and make the verification feasible is to map the system model to verify onto a symbolic state model (SSM). Since the number of symbolic states is considerably less than the number of system states, an exhaustive state search becomes possible, even for large-scale sytems and complex protocols. In this paper, we develop the concepts and notations to verifiy some properties of a directory-based protocol designed for non-FIFO interconnection networks. We compare the verification of the protocol with SSM and with the Stanford Mur φ, a verification tool enumerating system states. We show that SSM is much more efficient in terms of verification time and memory consumption and therefore holds that promise of verifying much more complex protocols. A unique feature of SSM is that it verifies protocols for any system size and therefore provides reliable verification results in one run of the tool.
Continuous detection and recognition of actions of interest among actions of non-interest using a depth camera (2017)

This paper presents a human action recognition approach using a depth camera for situations when actions of interest are performed in a continuous and random manner among actions of non-interest. The developed approach first performs detection of actions of interest by separating actions of interest from actions of non-interest in an on-the-fly manner and then classifies the detected actions of interest. Skeleton joint positions from depth images are used to achieve the detection of actions of interest. Recognition of detected actions of interest is then achieved by fusing the outcome of two classifiers, one classifier using skeleton joint positions and the other classifier using depth images. A continuous dataset consisting of actions of interest associated with the smart TV application is collected and made publicly available. The results obtained by applying the developed approach to this dataset indicate its effectiveness in detecting and recognizing actions of interest from continuous data streams.
Electric-Field-Induced Coherent Control of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers (2022)

Enabling scalable and energy-efficient control of spin defects in solid-state media is desirable for realizing transformative quantum information technologies. Exploiting voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy, we report the coherent manipulation of nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}$-V) centers by spatially confined magnetic stray fields produced by a proximate resonant magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Remarkably, the coherent coupling between $\mathrm{N}$-V centers and the MTJ can be systematically controlled by a dc bias voltage, allowing for appreciable electrical tunability in the presented hybrid system. In comparison with current state-of-the-art techniques, the demonstrated $\mathrm{N}$-V-based quantum operational platform exhibits significant advantages in scalability, device compatibility, and energy efficiency, further expanding the role of $\mathrm{N}$-V centers in a broad range of quantum computing, sensing, and communications applications.
Detektion verdeckter Anomalien im Bettungsbereich von Abwasserrohren mit einem Mikrowellen-Rückstreusensor (Detection of Hidden Anomalies around Sewer Pipes by Means of a Microwave Back-Scattering Sensor) (2003)

Abstract Am IITB wurde ein Mikrowellen-Rückstreusensor entwickelt, der es gestattet, Hohlräume und Leckage-Schäden bis ca. 30 cm hinter der Rohrwand qualifiziert zu detektieren. Als einfaches ,CW-Radar′ kann er auch bei kleinen Nennweiten immer mitgeführt werden. Die patentierte Antennenanordnung erlaubt als Gürtel eine schnelle Rundum-Erfassung des Bettungsbereichs. Der Sensor wurde sowohl in einem realen Abwasserkanal als auch bei der Kanal-Sanierung mit Linern mit gutem Erfolg erprobt.
Advances in field-portable ion trap GC/MS instrumentation (2012)

The rapid and accurate detection and identification of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals can be critical to the protection of military and civilian personnel. The use of gas chromatography (GC) - mass spectrometry (MS) can provide both the sensitivity and selectivity required to identify unknown chemicals in complex (i.e. real-world) environments. While most widely used as a laboratory-based technique, recent advances in GC, MS, and sampling technologies have led to the development of a hand-portable GC/MS system that is more practical for field-based analyses. The unique toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (TMS) used in this instrument has multiple benefits related to size, weight, start-up time, ruggedness, and power consumption. Sample separation is achieved in record time (~ 3 minutes) and with high resolution using a state-of-the-art high-performance low-thermal-mass GC column. In addition to providing a system overview highlighting its most important features, the presentation will focus on the chromatographic and mass spectral performance of the system. Results from exhaustive performance testing of the new instrument will be introduced to validate its unique robustness and ability to identify targeted and unknown chemicals.
Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy, Technique and Applications (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Flash Recycling of Graphite Anodes (2022)

The ever-increasing production of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will result in a staggering accumulation of waste when they reach their end of life. A closed-loop solution, with effective recycling of spent LIBs, will lessen both the environmental impacts and economic cost of their use. Presently, <5% of spent LIBs are recycled and the regeneration of graphite anodes has, unfortunately, been mostly overlooked despite the considerable cost of battery-grade graphite. Here, an ultrafast flash recycling method to regenerate the graphite anode is developed and valuable battery metal resources are recovered. Selective Joule heating is applied for only seconds to efficiently decompose the resistive impurities. The generated inorganic salts, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese, can be easily recollected from the flashed anode waste using diluted acid, specifically 0.1 m HCl. The flash-recycled anode preserves the graphite structure and is coated with a solid-electrolyte-interphase-derived carbon shell, contributing to high initial specific capacity, superior rate performance, and cycling stability, when compared to anode materials recycled using a high-temperature-calcination method. Life-cycle-analysis relative to current graphite production and recycling methods indicate that flash recycling can significantly reduce the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission while turning anode recycling into an economically advantageous process.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia– Initiating Cells Require Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 (2016)

This work defines EZH2 as a selective vulnerability for CML cells and their LICs, regardless of BCR-ABL1 mutational status. Our findings provide an experimental rationale for improving disease eradication through judicious use of EZH2 inhibitors within the context of standard-of-care TKI therapy. Cancer Discov; 6(11); 1237-47. ©2016 AACR.See related article by Scott et al., p. 1248This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1197.
The effect of spatial structure on binocular contrast perception (2022)

To obtain a single percept of the world, the visual system must combine inputs from the two eyes. Understanding the principles that govern this binocular combination process has important real-world clinical and technological applications. However, most research examining binocular combination has relied on relatively simple visual stimuli and it is unclear how well the findings apply to real-world scenarios. For example, it is well-known that, when the two eyes view sine wave gratings with differing contrast (dichoptic stimuli), the binocular percept often matches the higher contrast grating. Does this winner-take-all property of binocular contrast combination apply to more naturalistic imagery, which include broadband structure and spatially varying contrast? To better understand binocular combination during naturalistic viewing, we conducted psychophysical experiments characterizing binocular contrast perception for a range of visual stimuli. In two experiments, we measured the binocular contrast perception of dichoptic sine wave gratings and naturalistic stimuli, and asked how the contrast of the surrounding context affected percepts. Binocular contrast percepts were close to winner-take-all across many of the stimuli when the surrounding context was the average contrast of the two eyes. However, we found that changing the surrounding context modulated the binocular percept of some patterns and not others. We show evidence that this contextual effect may be due to the spatial orientation structure of the stimuli. These findings provide a step toward understanding binocular combination in the natural world and highlight the importance of considering the effect of the spatial interactions in complex stimuli.
High-precision atmospheric oxygen measurement comparisons between a newly built CRDS analyzer and existing measurement techniques (2019)

Abstract. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are tightly coupled in land biosphere CO2–O2 exchange processes, whereas they are not coupled in oceanic exchange. For this reason, atmospheric oxygen measurements can be used to constrain the global carbon cycle, especially oceanic uptake. However, accurately quantifying small (∼1–100 ppm) variations in O2 is analytically challenging due to the very large atmospheric background which constitutes about 20.9 % (∼209 500 ppm) of atmospheric air. Here we present a detailed description of a newly developed high-precision oxygen mixing ratio and isotopic composition analyzer (Picarro G2207) that is based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) as well as to its operating principles; we also demonstrate comprehensive laboratory and field studies using the abovementioned instrument. From the laboratory tests, we calculated a short-term precision (standard error of 1 min O2 mixing ratio measurements) of &lt; 1 ppm for this analyzer based on measurements of eight standard gases analyzed for 2 h, respectively. In contrast to the currently existing techniques, the instrument has an excellent long-term stability; therefore, calibration every 12 h is sufficient to get an overall uncertainty of &lt; 5 ppm. Measurements of ambient air were also conducted at the Jungfraujoch high-altitude research station and the Beromünster tall tower in Switzerland. At both sites, we observed opposing and diurnally varying CO2 and O2 profiles due to different processes such as combustion, photosynthesis, and respiration. Based on the combined measurements at Beromünster tower, we determined height-dependent O2:CO2 oxidation ratios varying between −0.98 and −1.60; these ratios increased with the height of the tower inlet, possibly due to different source contributions such as natural gas combustion, which has a high oxidation ratio, and biological processes, which have oxidation ratios that are relatively lower.
The DNA Replication Machinery as Therapeutic Targets (2019)

In all organisms, the DNA replication machinery is responsible for accurate and efficient duplication of the chromosome. Inhibitors of replication proteins are commonly used in anti-cancer and anti-viral therapies. This Research Topic will examine the normal functions of replication proteins and strategies to target each step during the replication process including helicases, replication and lesion bypass DNA polymerases, topoisomerases and DNA repair enzymes. Articles will discuss current strategies to develop drugs targeting DNA replication proteins as well as future outlooks and needs.
Reduced-size circular polarized antenna for 434MHz RFID systems using meandered bowtie elements with a novel quadrifilar feed (2015)

A meander-line antenna fed in quadrifilar fashion for circular polarized (CP) operation is presented. The antenna and feed network are designed to operate in the 434 MHZ RFID/ISM band (432-435 MHz in this application). The four bowtie elements are fed by a 180 power splitter and 90 degree phase shifters to achieve circularly polarized radiation. Initial measurements show good performance in the 432-435 MHz band, with an axial ratio of 0.72 dB at 434 MHz. The CP performance was demonstrated in a 2×1 and 4×1 array with measured axial ratios of 1.5 and 2 dB, respectively. A 3 dB beam width of 65° and 48° for the 3×1 and 4×1 array was also achieved, respectively.
Dynamic data type refinement methodology for systematic performance-energy design exploration of network applications (2006)

Network applications are becoming increasingly popular in the embedded systems domain requiring high performance, which leads to high energy consumption. In networks is observed that due to their inherent dynamic nature the dynamic memory subsystem is a main contributor to the overall energy consumption and performance. This paper presents a new systematic methodology, generating performance-energy trade-offs by implementing dynamic data types (DDTs), targeting network applications. The proposed methodology consists of: (i) the application-level DDT exploration; (ii) the network-level DDT exploration; and (iii) the Pareto-level DDT exploration. The methodology, supported by an automated tool, offers the designer a set of optimal dynamic data type design solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is tested on four representative real-life case studies. By applying the second step, it is proved that energy savings up to 80% and performance improvement up to 22% (compared to the original implementations of the benchmarks) can be achieved. Additional energy and performance gains can be achieved and a wide range of possible trade-offs among our Pareto-optimal design choices are obtained, by applying the third step. We achieved up to 93% reduction in energy consumption and up to 48% increase in performance.
Hybrid-integrated coherent receiver using silica-based PLC technology (2012)

We present a hybrid-integrated coherent receiver module using flip-chip technology for coupling a silica-based 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> -hybird planar lightwave circuit (PLC) chip to a spot-size converter integrated waveguide photodiode (SSC-WG-PD) array chip for a balanced photodiode (BPD) and interconnecting with a dual-channel transimpedance amplifier (TIA).
<title>Nonlinear image restoration algorithm with artifact reduction</title> (1994)

The distribution of edge values for an image of a general scene often has a sharp peak with a long tail. This property which can be well described by a Lorentzian probability function has been used to develop an efficient non-linear image restoration algorithm for reducing the various artifacts that often arise in the restored images. The algorithm starts with a Wiener filter solution which is used to model the edge image by the Lorentzian function so that the likelihood of the image can be estimated. A non-linear correction term is then introduced which increases this image likelihood under the mean square error (MSE) criterion. This process ensures that the resulting image retains its sharpness while reducing the noise and ringing artifacts. An iterative procedure has been developed to implement this method. Computer simulated results show that the algorithm is robust in reducing artifacts and easily implemented. The algorithm also possesses a superresolution capability due to the highly nonlinear property of the correction term.
A spectroscopic study of the reaction products dihydroxyacetone with aminoacids (1977)

solutions or suspensions obtained, were dialysed giving brown 'pigments' (melanoidins) which were subjected to instrumental analysis. Visible absorption spectra of' their water solutions have no special features, while u.v. spectra show at best a slight maximum around 310-330 nm. I.R. spectra of all the products studied show broad bands around 3400, 1600 and 1400 cm-L All these melanoidins exhibit a strong Electron Spin Resonance (E.S.R.) signal. The E.S.R. spectra recorded in the solid state are single lines of 6-12 gauss linewidth, centred around g=2, which correspond to rather inert unpaired electrons since they can be observed in water solution as well. These data suggest that the reaction products of DHA with aminoacids, are conjugated polymers. The mechanism of skin tanning by DHA is discussed in view of these results.