gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand-Targeted Drug Delivery (2017)

Safety and efficacy constitute the major criteria governing regulatory approval of any new drug. The best method to maximize safety and efficacy is to deliver a proven therapeutic agent with a targeting ligand that exhibits little affinity for healthy cells but high affinity for pathologic cells. The probability of regulatory approval can conceivably be further enhanced by exploiting the same targeting ligand, conjugated to an imaging agent, to select patients whose diseased tissues display sufficient targeted receptors for therapeutic efficacy. The focus of this Review is to summarize criteria that must be met during design of ligand-targeted drugs (LTDs) to achieve the required therapeutic potency with minimal toxicity. Because most LTDs are composed of a targeting ligand (e.g., organic molecule, aptamer, protein scaffold, or antibody), spacer, cleavable linker, and therapeutic warhead, criteria for successful design of each component will be described. Moreover, because obstacles to successful drug design can differ among human pathologies, limitations to drug delivery imposed by the unique characteristics of different diseases will be considered. With the explosion of genomic and transcriptomic data providing an ever-expanding selection of disease-specific targets, and with tools for high-throughput chemistry offering an escalating diversity of warheads, opportunities for innovating safe and effective LTDs has never been greater.
Effect of Surface Pretreatment on Galvanic Attack of Coated Al Alloy Panels (2015)

A test assembly consisting of a coated and scribed aluminum alloy 7075-T6 panel galvanically connected to uncoated through-hole noble fasteners has recently been utilized to quantify corrosion attack during corrosion testing in laboratory chambers. In this work, the corrosion morphology and extent of attack of Al alloy panels with five different surface pretreatments prior to painting and scribing were compared after exposure to ASTM B117 with galvanic connection to uncoated stainless steel fasteners. The nature of the attack for samples with different surface pretreatment samples was found to exhibit two different trends: they either penetrated deeply into the substrate at the scribes or spread out under coatings. The galvanic currents between the coated Al alloy panel and the bare 316 stainless steel fasteners were monitored during 21 days exposure in an ASTM B117 chamber. The current trends measured for different surface pretreatment panels were consistent with optical profilometry (OP) results. However, the galvanic current and OP techniques both underestimated the extent of corrosion attack because of local H2 evolution and undercut attack, respectively. The results from both techniques were modified to compensate for these deficiencies. Acceleration factors associated with the galvanic interaction for the different surface pretreatment panels were determined.
FOXP3 and Its Cofactors as Targets of Immunotherapies (2019)

Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a “master regulator” of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are a subset of T cells that can suppress the antigen-specific immune reaction and that play important roles in host tolerance and immune homeostasis. It is well known that FOXP3 forms complexes with several proteins and can be regulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation. As a consequence, the PTMs change the stability of FOXP3 and its capability to regulate gene expression, and eventually affect Treg activity. Although FOXP3 per se is not an ideal drug target, deacetylases, acetyltransferases, kinases, and other enzymes that regulate the PTMs of FOXP3 are potential targets to modulate FOXP3 and Treg activity. However, FOXP3 is not the only substrate for most of these enzymes; thus, unwanted “on target/off FOXP3” side effects must be considered when inhibitors to these enzymes are used. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the study of FOXP3 cofactors and PTM proteins, and potential clinical applications in autoimmunity and cancer immunity.
Analysis of the Shortest Queue First service discipline with two classes (2014)

To address the problem of buffer bloat causing latency for time sensitive flows in the Internet, we introduce the Shortest Queue First (SQF) algorithm. This service discipline consists of serving the flow with the least number of backlogged bytes in a buffer. Considering a system with two flows and
Abstract 146: Endothelial-Specific Expression Of CIDEC Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Vascular And Metabolic Dysfunction (2022)

Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like effector C (CIDEC), originally identified to be a lipid-droplet associated protein in adipocytes, positively associates with insulin sensitivity. Recently, we discovered that it is expressed abundantly in human endothelial cells (ECs) and regulates vascular function in obesity. The present study was designed to characterize the physiological effects and molecular actions of endothelial CIDEC in the control of vascular phenotype and whole-body glucose homeostasis. To achieve this, we generated a humanized mouse model expressing endothelial-specific human CIDEC (E-CIDECtg). E-CIDECtg mice exhibited protection against HFD-impaired glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, these mice displayed improved insulin signaling and eNOS activation, enhanced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, and improved vascularization of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart. Mechanistically, we identified a novel interplay of CIDEC-VEGFA-VEGFR2 that reduced VEGFA and VEGFR2 ubiquitin-mediated degradation thereby increasing VEGFR2 activation. Overall, our results demonstrate a protective role of endothelial CIDEC against obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction, in part, by modulation of VEGF signaling. These data suggest that CIDEC may be considered as a potential future therapeutic target for mitigating obesity-related cardiometabolic disease.
Reduced-complexity bandwidth-constrained distributed estimation for wireless sensor networks (2007)

While elegant in form, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for heavily bandwidth-constrained distributed estimation in Gaussian noise is computationally expensive to implement. We consider an alternative estimator for this case which requires far less computational complexity, yet performs close to the MLE under the same operating conditions.
Architecture of ultra-high porous honeycombs prepared from core-shell nanocellulose : Structure and mechanical performance (2014)

Architecture of ultra-high porous honeycombs prepared from core-shell nanocellulose : Structure and mechanical performance
RG1-VLP and Other L2-Based, Broad-Spectrum HPV Vaccine Candidates (2021)

Licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines contain virus-like particles (VLPs) self-assembled from L1 major-capsid proteins that are remarkably effective prophylactic immunogens. However, the induced type-restricted immune response limits coverage to the included vaccine types, and costly multiplex formulations, restrictive storage and distribution conditions drive the need for next generation HPV vaccines. Vaccine candidates based upon the minor structural protein L2 are particularly promising because conserved N-terminal epitopes induce broadly cross-type neutralizing and protective antibodies. Several strategies to increase the immunological potency of such epitopes are being investigated, including concatemeric multimers, fusion to toll-like receptors ligands or T cell epitopes, as well as immunodominant presentation by different nanoparticle or VLP structures. Several promising L2-based vaccine candidates have reached or will soon enter first-in-man clinical studies. RG1-VLP present the HPV16L2 amino-acid 17-36 conserved neutralization epitope "RG1" repetitively and closely spaced on an immunodominant surface loop of HPV16 L1-VLP and small animal immunizations provide cross-protection against challenge with all medically-significant high-risk and several low-risk HPV types. With a successful current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) campaign and this promising breadth of activity, even encompassing cross-neutralization of several cutaneous HPV types, RG1-VLP are ready for a first-in-human clinical study. This review aims to provide a general overview of these candidates with a special focus on the RG1-VLP vaccine and its road to the clinic.
Mobius (2012)

Mobile application development is challenging for several reasons: intermittent and limited network connectivity, tight power constraints, server-side scalability concerns, and a number of fault-tolerance issues. Developers handcraft complex solutions that include client-side caching, conflict resolution, disconnection tolerance, and backend database sharding. To simplify mobile app development, we present Mobius, a system that addresses the messaging and data management challenges of mobile application development. Mobius introduces MUD (Messaging Unified with Data). MUD presents the programming abstraction of a logical table of data that spans devices and clouds. Applications using Mobius can asynchronously read from/write to MUD tables, and also receive notifications when tables change via continuous queries on the tables. The system combines dynamic client-side caching (with intelligent policies chosen on the server-side, based on usage patterns across multiple applications), notification services, flexible query processing, and a scalable and highly available cloud storage system. We present an initial prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. Even in our initial prototype, remote read and write latency overhead is less than 52% when compared to a hand-tuned solution. Our dynamic caching reduces the number of messages by a factor of 4 to 8.5 when compared to fixed strategies, thus reducing latency, bandwidth, power, and server load costs, while also reducing data staleness.
Direct En Face Imaging of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects by Velocity-Encoded Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Patients Evaluated for Possible Transcatheter Closure (2008)

Background— Atrial septal defect (ASD) flow can be measured indirectly by velocity-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance (veCMR) of the pulmonary artery and aorta. Imaging the secundum ASD en face could potentially enable direct flow measurement and provide valuable information about ASD size, shape, location, and proximity to other structures. Methods and Results— Forty-four patients referred for possible transcatheter ASD closure underwent a comprehensive standard evaluation, including transesophageal and/or intracardiac echocardiography and invasive oximetry. CMR was performed in parallel and included direct en face veCMR after an optimal double-oblique imaging plane was determined that accounted for ASD flow direction and cardiac-cycle interatrial septal motion. ASD flow measured by direct en face veCMR correlated better with invasive oximetry than indirect (pulmonary artery and aorta) veCMR ( r =0.80 versus r =0.66). Additionally, 95% limits of agreement were narrower (�3.9 versus �5.1 L/min). En face veCMR determined that defects usually were eccentrically shaped (major/minor axis length &gt;1.5) rather than circular, with 16% having extreme eccentricity (major/minor &gt;2.0). Overall, ASD size by both veCMR and intracardiac echocardiography correlated with final device size; however, in small to medium defects (&lt;3 cm 2 ) and extremely eccentric defects, veCMR correlated better with final device size than did intracardiac echocardiography. Importantly, CMR identified additional information in 9 patients (20%) that altered clinical management. Specifically, en face veCMR detected additional defects (n=3), large ASD with insufficient rim tissue (n=2), and sinus venosus defect with anomalous pulmonary vein (n=1). Cine and/or morphological imaging detected interrupted inferior vena cava (n=2) and sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (n=1). Conclusions— En face veCMR with an optimized imaging plane can determine ASD flow, size, and morphology. CMR provided information incremental to comprehensive standard evaluation that altered clinical management in 20% of patients.
Optimization of hot melt extrusion parameters for sphericity and hardness of polymeric face-cut pellets (2016)

The aim of this study was to formulate face-cut, melt-extruded pellets, and to optimize hot melt process parameters to obtain maximized sphericity and hardness by utilizing Soluplus(®) as a polymeric carrier and carbamazepine (CBZ) as a model drug. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to detect thermal stability of CBZ. The Box-Behnken design for response surface methodology was developed using three factors, processing temperature ( °C), feeding rate (%), and screw speed (rpm), which resulted in 17 experimental runs. The influence of these factors on pellet sphericity and mechanical characteristics was assessed and evaluated for each experimental run. Pellets with optimal sphericity and mechanical properties were chosen for further characterization. This included differential scanning calorimetry, drug release, hardness friability index (HFI), flowability, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, and fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy. TGA data showed no drug degradation upon heating to 190 °C. Hot melt extrusion processing conditions were found to have a significant effect on the pellet shape and hardness profile. Pellets with maximum sphericity and hardness exhibited no crystalline peak after extrusion. The rate of drug release was affected mainly by pellet size, where smaller pellets released the drug faster. All optimized formulations were found to be of superior hardness and not friable. The flow properties of optimized pellets were excellent with high bulk and tapped density.
Kelvin probe force microscopy for local characterisation of active nanoelectronic devices (2015)

Frequency modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy (FM-KFM) is the method of choice for high resolution measurements of local surface potentials, yet on coarse topographic structures most researchers revert to amplitude modulated lift-mode techniques for better stability. This approach inevitably translates into lower lateral resolution and pronounced capacitive averaging of the locally measured contact potential difference. Furthermore, local changes in the strength of the electrostatic interaction between tip and surface easily lead to topography crosstalk seen in the surface potential. To take full advantage of the superior resolution of FM-KFM while maintaining robust topography feedback and minimal crosstalk, we introduce a novel FM-KFM controller based on a Kalman filter and direct demodulation of sidebands. We discuss the origin of sidebands in FM-KFM irrespective of the cantilever quality factor and how direct sideband demodulation enables robust amplitude modulated topography feedback. Finally, we demonstrate our single-scan FM-KFM technique on an active nanoelectronic device consisting of a 70 nm diameter InAs nanowire contacted by a pair of 120 nm thick electrodes.
Performance evaluation of the 5‐Ring GE Discovery MI PET/CT system using the national electrical manufacturers association NU 2‐2012 Standard (2019)

Compared to other PET/CT models, the extended axial FOV improved the overall PET performance of the 5-ring GE Discovery MI scanner. This system offers the potential to reduce scan times or injected activities through increased sensitivity.
Ground Color as a Peach Maturity Index (1985)

Abstract Changes in peach ground color were analysed over the periods of growth, maturation, and ripening for an early, mid-season, and late maturing cultivar. Color was measured with a tristimulus colorimeter in Hunter “L”, “a”, “b” coordinates. Ground color progressions over time were similar for the 3 cultivars. All color coordinates increased during the 3 weeks prior to harvest, with the “a” coordinate showing the largest rate of change with time. Ground color also was compared with a trial series of 6 uniformly spaced color references. High correlations between color reference selection and measured “a” value demonstrated the feasibility of a ground color reference maturity index even when color matches were not exact. Effects of packing house operations on ground color were investigated. Removal of fuzz by brushing had little effect on measured color, whereas wetting of the brushed surface caused a distinct decrease in lightness (“L” value) but little change in chromaticity (“a” and “b” value).
Hyaluronidase Increases Electrogene Transfer Efficiency in Skeletal Muscle (2002)

Electrogene transfer (EGT) of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the treatment of muscle disorders and for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. We report here that preinjecting hyaluronidase (HYAse) significantly increases the gene transfer efficiency of muscle EGT. Three constructs encoding mouse erythropoietin (pCMV/mEPO), secreted alkaline phosphatase (pCMV/SeAP), and luciferase (pGGluc) were electroinjected intramuscularly in BALB/c mice and rabbits with and without HYAse pretreatment. Preinjection 1 or 4 hr before EGT increased EPO gene expression by about 5-fold in mice and maintained higher gene expression than plasmid EGT alone. A similar increment in gene expression was observed on pretreatment with HYAse and electroinjection of pCMV/mEPO into rabbit tibialis muscle. The increment of gene expression in rabbits reached 17-fold on injection of plasmid pCMV/SeAP and 24-fold with plasmid pGGluc. Injection of a plasmid encoding beta-galactosidase (pCMV/beta gal/NLS) and subsequent staining with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside indicated that HYAse increased the tissue area involved in gene expression. No irreversible tissue damage was observed on histological analysis of treated muscles. HYAse is used in a variety of clinical applications, and thus the combination of HYAse pretreatment and muscle EGT may constitute an efficient gene transfer method to achieve therapeutic levels of gene expression.
Freely Deformable Liquid Metal Grids as Stretchable and Transparent Electrodes (2017)

A new structure of stretchable and transparent metal-grid electrodes is described, where a liquid metal alloy, eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) is employed as a stretchable conducting material. By a “roll-painting and lift-off” technique based on photolithography, stretchable EGaIn-grids with the linewidth of 20 μm and the line pitch of 400-1000 μm are produced, providing the transmittance of 75%-88% with the sheet resistance less than 2.3 Q/square. Powered by the freely deformable nature of the liquid phase conductor, the EGaIn-grid provides stable conductivity under highly stretched condition up to 40%, as well as high reliability against cyclic deformation. By combining the EGaIn-grid with a homogeneous and transparent poly(3,4-thylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrensulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer in a hybrid manner, we can construct highly stretchable and uniformly conducting transparent electrodes. The hybrid PEDOT:PSS/EGaIn-grid electrodes can be utilized as electrodes for a stretchable inorganic electroluminescence device with a ZnS phosphor-elastomer composite as the emission layer, which maintains uniform and stable emission under highly and repeatedly stretched conditions.
Electrogenic Single‐Species Biocomposites as Anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells (2017)

Integration of electrogenic microorganisms remains a challenge in biofuel cell technology. Here, synthetic biocomposites ("artificial biofilms") are proposed. Bacteria (Shewanella oneidensis) are embedded in a hydrogel matrix (poly(vinyl alcohol)) via wet- and electrospinning, creating fibers and nonwoven gauzes. The bacteria remain viable and metabolically active. The performance is compared to S. oneidensis suspension cultures and "natural" biofilms. While lower than with the suspension cultures, the power output from the fuel cells with the artificial biofilms is higher than with the natural one. Handling, reproducibility, and stability are also better. Artificial biofilms can therefore contribute to resolving fundamental issues of design, scale up, and monosepsis in biofuel cell technology.
Automated Image Data Preprocessing with Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Data preparation, i.e. the process of transforming raw data into a format that can be used for training effective machine learning models, is a tedious and time-consuming task. For image data, preprocessing typically involves a sequence of basic transformations such as cropping, filtering, rotating or flipping images. Currently, data scientists decide manually based on their experience which transformations to apply in which particular order to a given image data set. Besides constituting a bottleneck in real-world data science projects, manual image data preprocessing may yield suboptimal results as data scientists need to rely on intuition or trial-and-error approaches when exploring the space of possible image transformations and thus might not be able to discover the most effective ones. To mitigate the inefficiency and potential ineffectiveness of manual data preprocessing, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning framework to automatically discover the optimal data preprocessing steps for training an image classifier. The framework takes as input sets of labeled images and predefined preprocessing transformations. It jointly learns the classifier and the optimal preprocessing transformations for individual images. Experimental results show that the proposed approach not only improves the accuracy of image classifiers, but also makes them substantially more robust to noisy inputs at test time.
New materials for Plasmonics: Designs and Applications from Flat Optics to Quantum Nanophotonics (2016)

We will review the list of alternative plasmonic materials and provide a focused discussion on transition metal nitrides for refractory plasmonics. Nanostructures made of alternative plasmonic materials and their performance will be presented.
Robust detection of soft errors using delayed capture methodology (2010)

With the scaling of technology node and voltage levels, the susceptibility of logic to soft errors is increasing. Hence it is very important to take care of soft errors in the combinational logic along with those in the sequential elements. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to detect the presence of soft errors in both combinational and sequential logic. In this method, flip-flops are grouped and parity is computed for each group twice - once at the input of the flip-flops and next at the output. Later, the parity at the inputs and outputs is compared to detect the presence of soft errors. The effectiveness of the technique is shown through experimental results.
Sophi@Webinar the Advanced E-Learning Platform of the Photovoltaic European Research Infrastructure FP7-SOPHIA Project (2014)

FP7-SOPHIA project coordinated by CEA-INES, is the European research infrastructure project which brings together 20 European PV RTD Organizations and associations like EPIA, EUREC and DerLab to strengthen and optimize the research capabilities.in the field of PV technologies. The tight and frequent interaction among toplevel experts of the SOPHIA consortium is essential to realize the necessary collaborative network. On the other hand the huge quantity of research areas of common interest, joint to plenty of equipment and procedures currently utilized demand combinations of disciplines and top-class scientists are not available at a single research institute. Sustaining the training programme by a more traditional in-person and on-site approach constitutes a threat given the constraints on financial budgets and time availability of the experts. To address these needs SOPHIA has developed on-line solution: SOPHi@webinar, the e-learning platform of FP7-SOPHIA project requires no more than a set of interconnected computers with suitable software and hardware.