gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Multi-Band Power Amplifier Employing Reconfigurable Matching and Biasing Networks (2010)

This paper presents a highly efficient multi-band power amplifier (PA) with a novel reconfigurable configuration. It consists of band-switchable matching networks (BS-MNs) and a biasing network (BS-BN) that are available for multi-band operation. BS-MNs with a susceptance block (SB) require a shorter transmission line (TL) than those without the SB at some target impedances. This paper theoretically derives the relationships of the required TL lengths for the BS-MN with or without the SB and the target impedances. The required TL lengths at the target impedances are evaluated numerically in order to discuss the advantages of the proposed configuration. The BS-BN employing switches for band switching can supply DC power to an amplification device without additional DC power dissipation because the DC bias current does not flow through the switches. Numerical analyses confirm that a BS-BN can be configured with low loss in multiple bands. Based on the proposed configuration, a 1/1.5/1.9/2.5-GHz quad-band reconfigurable PA is designed and fabricated employing RF microelectro mechanical systems switches and partitioned low temperature co-fired ceramics substrates. The fabricated 1W-class PA achieves a high output power of greater than 30dBm and a maximum power added efficiency of over 40% in all operating modes.
Le cartilage articulaire peut-il se régénérer ? (1998)

peer reviewed
Salvation of S. S. Surge Tank for HTHP Loop (2008)

As constituents of nuclear industry, we all know the significance of the stringent specification to the practical level on the manufacture of nuclear components. More so for the primary system of High Temperature High Pressure Loop (HTHP) situated at Water &amp; Steam Chemistry Division (WSCD). The pressurizing of the system is done by heating through immersion heaters provided in the surge tank. The surge tank, at its rated condition, has steam on the top, above the water level. The surge tank has got a l5 0 NB size nozzle at the bottom dished end. A 1500 # flange is welded to this nozzle. The heater unit of the surge tank is connected to this flange. The heater unit consists of a 150 NB, 1500 # blind flange (tube sheet) with eight number of SS U-type immersion heater pins welded to it. Welding of stainless steel heater pin is a demanding task. The task becomes even greater when the job involves welding of 16 pins with a triangular pitch of 25 mm, such as those for the high temperature &amp; pressure loop. Actually, the tank was manufactured by a private firm. During final leak testing, it was found that there were leaks through the heater pins to sleeve welding in three of the heater pins. They could not rectify the leak. Subsequently, the rectification of the weld was referred to CWD. A novel technique was developed and due care was taken to weld the heater pins. The tank was successfully salvaged and tested hydrostatically at 170 bars and pneumatically at 7 bars. The method of fabrication of heater assembly, problems anticipated, problems encountered and measures taken to solve them are dealt with.
Surface Oxidation of Graphene Oxide Determines Membrane Damage, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cytotoxicity in Macrophages in a Pulmonary Toxicity Model (2018)

While two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) is used increasingly in biomedical applications, there is uncertainty on how specific physicochemical properties relate to biocompatibility in mammalian systems. Although properties such as lateral size and the colloidal properties of the nanosheets are important, the specific material properties that we address here is the oxidation state and reactive surface groups on the planar surface. In this study, we used a GO library, comprising pristine, reduced (rGO), and hydrated GO (hGO), in which quantitative assessment of the hydroxyl, carboxyl, epoxy, and carbon radical contents was used to study the impact on epithelial cells and macrophages, as well as in the murine lung. Strikingly, we observed that hGO, which exhibits the highest carbon radical density, was responsible for the generation of cell death in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells as a consequence of lipid peroxidation of the surface membrane, membrane lysis, and cell death. In contrast, pristine GO had lesser effects, while rGO showed extensive cellular uptake with minimal effects on viability. In order to see how these in vitro effects relate to adverse outcomes in the lung, mice were exposed to GOs by oropharyngeal aspiration. Animal sacrifice after 40 h demonstrated that hGO was more prone than other materials to generate acute lung inflammation, accompanied by the highest lipid peroxidation in alveolar macrophages, cytokine production (LIX, MCP-1), and LDH release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Pristine GO showed less toxicity, whereas rGO had minimal effects. We demonstrate that the surface oxidation state and carbon radical content play major roles in the induction of toxicity by GO in mammalian cells and the lung.
The Total Synthesis of the Annonaceous Acetogenin, Muricatetrocin C (2002)

The total synthesis of the potential antitumour agent muricatetrocin C has provided an ideal stage for the exploitation and development of new chemistry. A convergent synthetic strategy has been realised incorporating three distinct pieces of methodology, these include a highly diastereoselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction to construct the butenolide terminus, an oxygen to carbon rearrangement to install the trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran ring and a spatial desymmetrisation process to afford the anti-diol unit.
The Synthesis of (3,5-DI-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-(3-pyridylalkyl)-ethersvia1-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl Pyridinium Salts. (1998)

Abstract The rearrangement of 1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl pyridinium salts under basic conditions is described. A method for the synthesis of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-(3-pyridylalkyl)-ethers is elaborated.
Deep-UV reflection control for patterning dielectric layers (1998)

This paper describes the results of CD control studies on a dielectric layer that has both dense &amp; isolated trenches and dense contact holes. Both top and bottom anti-reflective coatings were explored as well as the standard process without ARC. All wafers had a standard logic technology process flow and had been through Chemical-Mechanical Planarization prior to patterning. Stepper exposure conditions were varied in the form of partial coherence to obtain maximum depth of focus and exposure latitude. The results of this study were characterized in the form of a CD process window in which Exposure Dose was plotted vs. Defocus for all the 3 patterns i.e. dense &amp; isolated trenches and dense contact holes. The effect of BARC etch was also explored.
ESL design and HW/SW co-verification of high-end software defined radio platforms (2007)

Multiple wireless technologies are converging to run on personal handhelds. The plethora of communication standards next to the cost issues of deeper submicron processing require handheld platforms to shift from sets of multiple application specific ICs (ASICs) to multi-purpose Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) on which Software Defined Radios (SDR) are run. SDR design faces hard real-time processing and data transfer latency constraints. Designing SDR under stringent time-to-market (cost), energy and real-time processing constraints requires the help of advanced Electronic System-Level (ESL) design methodologies. This paper demonstrates an integrated ESL design flow built on advanced ESL tools to design SDR platforms for handhelds. We share the experience from creation of a high-level virtual platform model down to hardware/software (HW/SW) co-verification of a large scale SoC (5 million gates+). Incremental RTL verification based on co-simulation and co-emulation is also presented.
Elevated PDK1 Expression Drives PI3K/AKT/MTOR Signaling Promotes Radiation-Resistant and Dedifferentiated Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2020)

Resistance to radiotherapy (IR), with consequent disease recurrence, continues to limit the efficacy of contemporary anticancer treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in late stage. Despite accruing evidence implicating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cancer-promoting hypoxia, cancerous cell proliferation and radiotherapy-resistance, it remains unclear which molecular constituent of the pathway facilitates adaptation of aggressive HCC cells to tumoral stress signals and drives their evasion of repeated IR-toxicity. This present study investigated the role of PDK1 signaling in IR-resistance, enhanced DNA damage repair and post-IR relapse, characteristic of aggressive HCC cells, while exploring potential PDK1-targetability to improve radiosensitivity. The study employed bioinformatics analyses of gene expression profile and functional protein-protein interaction, generation of IR-resistant clones, flow cytometry-based ALDH activity and side-population (SP) characterization, siRNA-mediated loss-of-PDK1function, western-blotting, immunohistochemistry and functional assays including cell viability, migration, invasion, clonogenicity and tumorsphere formation assays. We showed that the aberrantly expressed PDK1 characterizes poorly differentiated HCC CVCL_7955, Mahlavu, SK-HEP1 and Hep3B cells, compared to the well-differentiated Huh7 or normal adult liver epithelial THLE-2 cells, and independently activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Molecular ablation of PDK1 function enhanced susceptibility of HCC cells to IR and was associated with deactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Additionally, PDK1-driven IR-resistance positively correlated with activated PI3K signaling, enhanced HCC cell motility and invasiveness, augmented EMT, upregulated stemness markers ALDH1A1, PROM1, SOX2, KLF4 and POU5F1, increased tumorsphere-formation efficiency and suppressed biomarkers of DNA damage-RAD50, MSH3, MLH3 and ERCC2. Furthermore, the acquired IR-resistant phenotype of Huh7 cells was strongly associated with significantly increased ALDH activity, SP-enrichment, and direct ALDH1-PDK1 interaction. Moreover, BX795-mediated pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 synergistically enhances the radiosensitivity of erstwhile resistant cells, increased Bax/Bcl-2 apoptotic ratio, while suppressing oncogenicity and clonogenicity. We provide preclinical evidence implicating PDK1 as an active driver of IR-resistance by activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, up-modulation of cancer stemness signaling and suppression of DNA damage, thus, projecting PDK1-targeting as a putative enhancer of radiosensitivity and a potential new therapeutic approach for patients with IR-resistant HCC.
Free-electron interactions with van der Waals heterostructures: a source of focused X-ray radiation (2023)

The science and technology of X-ray optics have come far, enabling the focusing of X-rays for applications in high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy, imaging, and irradiation. In spite of this, many forms of tailoring waves that had substantial impact on applications in the optical regime have remained out of reach in the X-ray regime. This disparity fundamentally arises from the tendency of refractive indices of all materials to approach unity at high frequencies, making X-ray-optical components such as lenses and mirrors much harder to create and often less efficient. Here, we propose a new concept for X-ray focusing based on inducing a curved wavefront into the X-ray generation process, resulting in the intrinsic focusing of X-ray waves. This concept can be seen as effectively integrating the optics to be part of the emission mechanism, thus bypassing the efficiency limits imposed by X-ray optical components, enabling the creation of nanobeams with nanoscale focal spot sizes and micrometer-scale focal lengths. Specifically, we implement this concept by designing aperiodic vdW heterostructures that shape X-rays when driven by free electrons. The parameters of the focused hotspot, such as lateral size and focal depth, are tunable as a function of an interlayer spacing chirp and electron energy. Looking forward, ongoing advances in the creation of many-layer vdW heterostructures open unprecedented horizons of focusing and arbitrary shaping of X-ray nanobeams.
The Quest for the Ideal Base: Rational Design of a Nickel Precatalyst Enables Mild, Homogeneous C–N Cross-Coupling (2020)

Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions using soluble organic bases have provided a solution to the many issues associated with heterogeneous reaction conditions. Still, homogeneous C–N cross-coupling approaches cannot yet employ bases as weak and economical as trialkylamines. Furthermore, organic base-mediated methods have not been developed for Ni(0/II) catalysis, despite some advantages of such systems over analogous Pd-based catalysts. We designed a new air-stable and easily prepared Ni(II) precatalyst bearing an electron-deficient bidentate phosphine ligand that enables the cross-coupling of aryl triflates with aryl amines using triethylamine (TEA) as base. The method is tolerant of sterically-congested coupling partners, as well as those bearing base- and nucleophile-sensitive functional groups. With the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we determined that the electron-deficient auxiliary ligands decrease both the pKa of the Ni-bound amine and the barrier to reductive elimination from the resultant Ni(II)–amido complex. Moreover, we determined that precluding Lewis acid-base complexation between the Ni catalyst and the base, due to steric factors, is important for avoiding catalyst inhibition.
Concise Enantioselective Syntheses of (+)-L-733,060 and (2S,3S)-3-Hydroxypipecolic Acid by Cobalt(III)(salen)-Catalyzed Two-Stereocenter Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Azido Epoxides (2013)

An efficient synthesis of the 2,3-disubstituted piperidines (+)-L-733,060 and (2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>)-3-hydroxypipecolic acid (≥99% ee) in high optical purity from commercially available starting materials is described. The strategy involves a cobalt-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution of a racemic azido epoxide with two stereocenters and an intramolecular reductive cyclization as key reactions.
Propionate induces the release of granules from bovine neutrophils (2013)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced by bacterial fermentation in the rumen of cattle and are the primary energy source in ruminants. Propionate is one of the main SCFA and it can exert multiple effects on the inflammatory process and neutrophil function via calcium (Ca(2+)) release, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular pH changes. However, currently no evidence has shown whether propionate can induce granule release from bovine neutrophils. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of propionate on granule release and to evaluate the expression of two G-protein coupled receptors-GPR41 and GPR43-that are activated by propionate. Neutrophil degranulation was assessed by quantifying the release of the neutrophil enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoferrin, and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) as markers of azurophil, specific granules, and gelatinase granules, respectively. Isolated bovine neutrophils were treated with millimolar concentrations of propionate (0.3, 3 and 30mM), and the cell-free supernatants were recovered. The stimulation of neutrophils with 0.3mM propionate induced the release of lactoferrin and MMP-9 as revealed by ELISA and gelatin zymography, respectively. Propionate at 30mM induced the release of MPO as demonstrated using an enzymatic assay. The role of intracellular Ca(2+) influx and the signaling pathways that may regulate the propionate effect on granules release were also determined. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real-time PCR were performed to analyze the expression of GPR41 and GPR43 mRNA in bovine neutrophils. Both mRNA were detected, whereas the expression of GPR43 was higher than that of GPR41, and the synthetic agonists for this receptor, phenylacetamides 1 and 2, caused an increase in intracellular Ca(2+), lactoferrin, and MMP-9 release. These results support that propionate-induced granule release is mediated by intracellular Ca(2+) influx and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK 1/2. We also propose a potential role of GPR43 in propionate-induced granule release from bovine neutrophils that may be involved in regulatory effects of propionate in the innate immune response in cattle.
Ultrasonic Devulcanization of Precipitated Silica-Filled Silicone Rubber (2001)

Abstract This investigation involves the recycling of precipitated silica-filled silicone rubber using a continuous ultrasonic reactor. The processing conditions utilized in devulcanization of the filled systems were similar to those in our previous work on unfilled systems. Significant differences were observed in devulcanization of unfilled and filled systems. A decrease in gel fraction and crosslink density was sufficient for devulcanized silica-filled silicone rubber to be reprocessed and revulcanized. The cure behavior of silicone rubber and the mechanical properties of virgin, and revulcanized rubber were measured. Results showed that unfilled silicone rubbers gave no change in vulcanizate mechanical properties after revulcanization. However, in the filled rubbers there was a decrease in the mechanical properties of revulcanizates. In order to achieve an improvement in the properties, devulcanized filled rubbers were blended with virgin filled rubber in various proportions. The obtained results indicated a considerable enhancement of the performance characteristics of these blend vulcanizates.
Mutations in COL8A2, the Gene Encoding the α2 Chain of Type VIII Collagen, Cause Two Forms of Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy (2002)

Conference Abstract| July 01 2002 Mutations in COL8A2, the Gene Encoding the α2 Chain of Type VIII Collagen, Cause Two Forms of Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy Graeme C. M. Black; Graeme C. M. Black 1Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.2 University Department of Medical Genetics, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester, UK. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Susmito Biswas; Susmito Biswas 1Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.2 University Department of Medical Genetics, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester, UK. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Francis L. Munier; Francis L. Munier 3 Hôpital Jules Gonin, Ave. de France, Lausanne, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Edwin. M. Stone; Edwin. M. Stone 4 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa, US. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Richard Bonshek; Richard Bonshek 1Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar David McLeod David McLeod 1Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (2002) 103 (s47): 69P–70P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs103069Pb Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Graeme C. M. Black, Susmito Biswas, Francis L. Munier, Edwin. M. Stone, Richard Bonshek, David McLeod; Mutations in COL8A2, the Gene Encoding the α2 Chain of Type VIII Collagen, Cause Two Forms of Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 July 2002; 103 (s47): 69P–70P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs103069Pb Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2002 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society2002 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Active VSWR Robustness Comparison for Different Phase Combining Topologies (2021)

This paper presents a comparative study on the resilience to load variations brought by combining structures for amplifier topologies. Three out-of-phase four-way combining topologies based on Wilkinson combiners, 90° and 180° hybrid couplers are compared with a conventional in-phase four-way combining topology based on Wilkinson combiners. An experimental evaluation is conducted using a load-pull bench for the characterization of printed circuit board (PCB) demonstrators operating at 2.45 GHz with a VSWR up to 5:1. Measurement results point out the superiority of the out-of-phase combining topologies providing reduced performance variations under load pulling. It is demonstrated that these topologies have a higher resilience to unpredictable load variations, with reduced gain, efficiency, and output power variations. For all the considered out-of-phase combining demonstrators, the gain variation is reduced by more than 1.5 dB at 1 dB compression point compared to the conventional in-phase combining demonstrator.
Stable Hysteresis-Free MoS2 Transistors With Low-k/High-k Bilayer Gate Dielectrics (2020)

Hysteresis-free and low-voltage operation are essential for low-power-consumption electronics. Herein, MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> transistors configured with bilayer-stacked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/poly (vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) gate dielectric are demonstrated, which leverages the advantages of the hysteresis-free characteristic of PMMA and high-k property of P(VDF-TrFE). The trap density and the threshold voltage of the devices can be reduced to 7.0× 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> · eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and -2.2 V, respectively. Moreover, the devices maintain stable performance under bias stress conditions. The devices present negligibly changed transfer and output characteristics over 101 cycling tests, indicating excellent stability. The bilayered dielectric engineering strategy provides a promising avenue to achieve hysteresis-free low-power operation in 2D materials based transistors with high stability.