gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of ultraviolet‐B‐induced wrinkle formation by an elastase‐inhibiting herbal extract: implication for the mechanism underlying elastase‐associated wrinkles (2006)

Our results indicate that herbal extracts with an ability to inhibit fibroblast-derived elastase may prove to be effective as anti-wrinkling agents, confirming the important role of elastase in UV-B-induced wrinkle formation.
On biorthogonal nonuniform filter banks and tree structures (2002)

This paper concerns biorthogonal nonuniform filter banks. It is shown that a tree structured filter bank is biorthogonal if it is equivalent to a tree structured filter bank whose matching constituent levels on the analysis and synthesis sides are themselves biorthogonal pairs. We then show that a stronger statement can be made about dyadic filter banks in general: That a dyadic filter bank is biorthogonal if both the analysis and synthesis banks can be decomposed into dyadic trees. We further show that these decompositions are stability and FIR preserving. These results, derived for filter banks having filters with rational transfer functions, thus extend some of the earlier comparable results for orthonormal filter banks.
Genomic variations define divergence of water/wildlife‐associated Campylobacter jejuni niche specialists from common clonal complexes (2011)

Although the major food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni has been isolated from diverse animal, human and environmental sources, our knowledge of genomic diversity in C. jejuni is based exclusively on human or human food-chain-associated isolates. Studies employing multilocus sequence typing have indicated that some clonal complexes are more commonly associated with particular sources. Using comparative genomic hybridization on a collection of 80 isolates representing diverse sources and clonal complexes, we identified a separate clade comprising a group of water/wildlife isolates of C. jejuni with multilocus sequence types uncharacteristic of human food-chain-associated isolates. By genome sequencing one representative of this diverse group (C. jejuni 1336), and a representative of the bank-vole niche specialist ST-3704 (C. jejuni 414), we identified deletions of genomic regions normally carried by human food-chain-associated C. jejuni. Several of the deleted regions included genes implicated in chicken colonization or in virulence. Novel genomic insertions contributing to the accessory genomes of strains 1336 and 414 were identified. Comparative analysis using PCR assays indicated that novel regions were common but not ubiquitous among the water/wildlife group of isolates, indicating further genomic diversity among this group, whereas all ST-3704 isolates carried the same novel accessory regions. While strain 1336 was able to colonize chicks, strain 414 was not, suggesting that regions specifically absent from the genome of strain 414 may play an important role in this common route of Campylobacter infection of humans. We suggest that the genomic divergence observed constitutes evidence of adaptation leading to niche specialization.
Shoulder-Surfing Resistant Authentication Using Pass Pattern of Pattern Lock (2017)

We study an authentication method using secret figures of Pattern Lock, called pass patterns. In recent years, it is important to prevent the leakage of personal and company information on mobile devices. Android devices adopt a login authentication called Pattern Lock, which achieves both high resistance to Brute Force Attack and usability by virtue of pass pattern. However, Pattern Lock has a problem that pass patterns directly input to the terminal can be easily remembered by shoulder-surfing attack. In this paper, we propose a shoulder-surfing resistant authentication using pass pattern of Pattern Lock, which adopts a challenge & response authentication and also uses users' short-term memory. We implement the proposed method as an Android application and measure success rate, authentication time and the resistance against shoulder surfing. We also evaluate security and usability in comparison with related work.
PolyPack: an automated online packing service for optimal antivirus evasion (2009)

Packers have long been a valuable tool in the toolbox of offensive users for evading the detection capabilities of signature-based antivirus engines. However, selecting the packer that results in the most effective evasion of antivirus engines may not be a trivial task due to diversity in the capabilities of both antivirus and packers. In this paper, we propose the creation of an online automated service, called PolyPack, that uses an array of packers and antivirus engines as a feedback mechanism to select the packer that will result in the optimal evasion of the antivirus engines. Towards understanding the utility and efficacy of such a service, we construct an implementation of PolyPack which employs 10 packers and 10 popular antivirus engines. We show that PolyPack provides 258 % more effective evasion of antivirus engines than using an average packer and out-evades the best evaluated packer (Themida) for over 40 % of the binary samples. 1
The Effect of Coating Density on Functional Properties of SiNx Coated Implants (2019)

Ceramic coatings may be applied onto metallic components of joint replacements for improved wear and corrosion resistance as well as enhanced biocompatibility, especially for metal-sensitive patients. Silicon nitride (SiN<sub>x</sub>) coatings have recently been developed for this purpose. To achieve a high coating density, necessary to secure a long-term performance, is however challenging, especially for sputter deposited SiN<sub>x</sub> coatings, since these coatings are insulating. This study investigates the time-dependent performance of sputter-deposited SiN<sub>x</sub> based coatings for joint applications. SiN<sub>x</sub> coatings with a thickness in the range of 4.3-6.0 µm were deposited by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering onto flat discs as well as hip heads made of CoCrMo. SiN<sub>x</sub> compositional analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed N/Si ratios between 0.8 and 1.0. Immersion of the flat disks in fetal bovine serum solution over time as well as short-term wear tests against ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) discs showed that a high coating density is required to inhibit tribocorrosion. Coatings that performed best in terms of chemical stability were deposited using a higher target power and process heating.
Variable Gap-Reluctance Linear Motor With Application to Linear Resonance Compressors (2001)

Abstract Variable gap-reluctance linear motors operate on the principle of electromagnetic attraction across an air gap between a moving armature and a stator and coil, which minimizes reluctance or stored magnetic energy. The direction of motion, force and magnetic field are aligned and are perpendicular to the air gap. When the air gap and corresponding stroke are moderate, large amounts of force and power can be delivered from a compact design. Several sizes of a new variable gap-reluctance linear motor design have been developed, characterized and applied. Practical application is demonstrated for linear resonance diaphragm refrigerant and gas compressors. A leaf spring suspension is used to dynamically match the motor to the resonance compressor load. Analysis and experimental results are combined to develop and characterize both the basic motor and integrated compressor designs.
Release of ATP from retinal pigment epithelial cells involves both CFTR and vesicular transport (2004)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) faces the photoreceptor outer segments and regulates the composition of the interstitial subretinal space. ATP enhances fluid movement from the subretinal space across the RPE. RPE cells can themselves release ATP, but the mechanisms and polarity of this release are unknown. The RPE expresses the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and CFTR is associated with ATP release in other epithelial cells. However, an increasing number of reports have suggested that the exocytotic pathway contributes to release. In the present study, we examined the involvement of CFTR and the vesicular pathway in ATP release from RPE cells. Release from cultured human ARPE-19 cells and across the apical membrane of fresh bovine RPE cells in an eyecup was studied. A cAMP cocktail to activate CFTR triggered ATP release from fresh and cultured RPE cells. Release from both RPE preparations was largely prevented by the broad-acting blocker glibenclamide and the specific thiazolidinone CFTR inhibitor CFTR-172. The block by CFTR-172 was enhanced by preincubation and prevented ATP release with 3.5 microM IC(50). The rise in intracellular Ca(2+) accompanying hypotonic challenge was prevented by CFTR-172. The vesicular transport inhibitor brefeldin A prevented ATP release after stimulation with both hypotonic and cAMP conditions, suggesting vesicular insertion was also involved. These results show an intimate involvement of CFTR in ATP release from RPE cells which can autostimulate receptors on the apical membrane to modify Ca(2+) signaling. The requirement for both CFTR and vesicular transport pathways suggests vesicular insertion of CFTR may underlie the release of ATP.
Inhomogeneous two-Dimensional Model for Analysis of Microstrip Discontinuities (1990)

The paper proposes a new approach to two-dimensional modeling of microstrip circuits of arbitrary shapes. A new model was developed to be used for finite- difference time-domain (FD-TD) analysis. Characteristic feature of the new model is its inhomogeneity i.e. dependence of the parameters in a particular point of the two-dimensional space on the distance of that point from the strip's edge. Examples of FD-TD analysis based on the new model are shown.
Can We Make Small Molecules Lean? Optimization of a Highly Lipophilic TarO Inhibitor (2017)

We describe our optimization efforts to improve the physicochemical properties, solubility, and off-target profile of 1, an inhibitor of TarO, an early stage enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for wall teichoic acid (WTA) synthesis. Compound 1 displayed a TarO IC<sub>50</sub> of 125 nM in an enzyme assay and possessed very high lipophilicity (clogP = 7.1) with no measurable solubility in PBS buffer. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies resulted in a series of compounds with improved lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) consistent with the reduction of clogP. From these efforts, analog 9 was selected for our initial in vivo study, which in combination with subefficacious dose of imipenem (IPM) robustly lowered the bacterial burden in a neutropenic Staphylococci murine infection model. Concurrent with our in vivo optimization effort using 9, we further improved LLE as exemplified by a much more druglike analog 26.
Toll-like receptor 7-induced immune response to cutaneous West Nile virus infection (2009)

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 response represents a vital host-defence mechanism in a murine model of systemic West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Here, we investigated the role of the TLR7-induced immune response following cutaneous WNV infection. We found that there was no difference in susceptibility to WNV encephalitis between wild-type and TLR7(-/-) mice upon intradermal injection or infected mosquito feeding. Viral load analysis revealed similar levels of WNV RNA in the peripheral tissues and brains of these two groups of mice following intradermal infection. There was a higher level of cytokines in the blood of wild-type mice at early stages of infection; however, this difference was diminished in the blood and brains at later stages. Langerhans cells (LCs) are permissive to WNV infection and migrate from the skin to draining lymph nodes upon intradermal challenge. Our data showed that WNV infection of TLR7(-/-) keratinocytes was significantly higher than that of wild-type keratinocytes. Infection of wild-type keratinocytes induced higher levels of alpha interferon and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and IL-12, which might promote LC migration from the skin. Co-culture of naïve LCs of wild-type mice with WNV-infected wild-type keratinocytes resulted in the production of more IL-6 and IL-12 than with TLR7(-/-) keratinocytes or by cultured LCs alone. Moreover, LCs in the epidermis were reduced in wild-type mice, but not in TLR7(-/-) mice, following intradermal WNV infection. Overall, our results suggest that the TLR7 response following cutaneous infection promotes LC migration from the skin, which might compromise its protective effect in systemic infection.
Reflection of waveguided X-rays in two-dimensional nanostructures (2002)

The internal reflection of an excited X-ray waveguide mode in a synthetic nanostructure, defined by electron-beam lithography, has been measured. In this device, the X-ray beam is first coupled into a conventional vertical thin-film waveguide structure and then reflected laterally at the quasi-one-dimensional edge of the waveguiding layer. The reflectivity of the quasi-one-dimensional interface has been recorded under simultaneous excitation of the (vertical) waveguide mode. The experiment constitutes an important step towards the production of a coherent nanometre-sized X-ray point source by two-dimensionally defined waveguide structures.
VRP09 Reduction of Corneal Scarring Following Blast and Burn Injuries to Cornea Using siRNAs Targeting TGFb and CTGF (2013)

Abstract : Blast and burn injuries to the eye caused by explosions during combat operations or terrorist attacks are devastating injuries, and in eyes that can be saved, the major causes of vision impairment are excessive corneal scarring and neovascularization. Unfortunately, no approved drugs have been shown to improve vision outcome in eyes with these types of corneal injuries. However, decades of clinical experience and laboratory research have shown that the key to improving vision outcome is to improve the quality of corneal wound healing.(1), (2), (3) Our overall objective was to develop new drugs that use the emerging technology of RNA-interference (RNAi) to reduce vision impairment following corneal injuries by reducing expression of genes that stimulate formation of corneal scar (corneal haze).(4) We reported previously that corneal scarring is primarily up-regulated by the actions of transforming growth factor beta (TGFb), which stimulates corneal cells by binding to the TGFb type II receptor (TGFbRII) and inducing expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).(5) CTGF then directly up-regulates synthesis of collagen scar and induces transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Our approach was to design and test small interfering RNAs (siRNA) that will selectively reduce the level of expression of these three key proteins that stimulate corneal scar formation, and thereby, reduce vision loss.
Efficiency analysis of helium-cooled MAS DNP: case studies of surface-modified nanoparticles and homogeneous small-molecule solutions (2021)

Despite the growing number of successful applications of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR in structural biology and materials science, the nuclear polarizations achieved by current MAS DNP instrumentation are still considerably lower than the theoretical maximum. The method could be significantly strengthened if experiments were performed at temperatures much lower than those currently widely used (∼100 K). Recently, the prospects of helium (He)-cooled MAS DNP have been increased with the instrumental developments in MAS technology that uses cold helium gas for sample cooling. Despite the additional gains in sensitivity that have been observed with He-cooled MAS DNP, the performance of the technique has not been evaluated in the case of surfaces and interfaces that benefit the most from DNP. Herein, we studied the efficiency of DNP at temperatures between ∼30 K and ∼100 K for organically functionalized silica material and a homogeneous solution of small organic molecules at a magnetic field B0 = 16.4 T. We recorded the changes in signal enhancement, paramagnet-induced quenching and depolarization effects, DNP build-up rate, and Boltzmann polarization. For these samples, the increases in MAS-induced depolarization and DNP build-up times at around 30 K were not as severe as anticipated. In the case of the surface species, we determined that MAS DNP at 30 K provided ∼10 times higher sensitivity than MAS DNP at 90 K, which corresponds to the acceleration of experiments by multiplicative factors of up to 100.
Drosophila Pur-α binds to trinucleotide-repeat containing cellular RNAs and translocates to the early oocyte (2012)

Pur-α was identified as a DNA-binding protein with high affinity for the single-stranded PUR-motif (GGN)n. Bound to DNA, Pur-α can both activate and repress transcription. In addition, Pur-α binds to RNA and may participate in nuclear RNA export as well as transport of cytoplasmic neuronal mRNP granules. The heritable trinucleotide-repeat expansion disease Fragile X associated Tremor and Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) leads to interaction of Pur-α with mutant, abnormally long r(CGG)n stretches, which appears to titrate the protein away from its physiologic mRNA targets into nuclear RNA-protein aggregates. We examined the function of Drosophila Pur-α and demonstrate that the protein accumulates in the growing oocyte early in oogenesis. Co-purifying proteins reveal that Pur-α is part of transported mRNP complexes, analogous to its reported role in nerve cells. We analyzed the subcellular localization of mutant GFP-Pur-α fusion proteins where either nucleic acid binding or dimerization, or both, were prevented. We propose that association with mRNAs occurs in the nucleus and is required for nuclear export of the complex. Furthermore, efficient translocation into the oocyte also requires RNA binding as well as dimerization. RNA binding assays demonstrate that recombinant Drosophila Pur-α can bind r(CGG) 4 with higher affinity than previously thought. Related sequences, such as r(CAG) 4 and the consensus sequence of the opa-repeat r(CAG) 3CAA, can also associate with Pur-α in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA target spectrum of Pur-α may therefore be larger than previously anticipated.
Electrostatic and Electrochemical Nature of Liquid-Gated Electric-Double-Layer Transistors Based on Oxide Semiconductors (2010)

The electric-double-layer (EDL) formed at liquid/solid interfaces provides a broad and interdisciplinary attraction in terms of electrochemistry, photochemistry, catalysts, energy storage, and electronics because of the large interfacial capacitance coupling and its ability for high-density charge accumulation. Much effort has recently been devoted to the fundamental understanding and practical applications of such highly charged EDL interfaces. However, the intrinsic nature of the EDL charging, whether it is electrostatics or electrochemistry, and how to distinguish them are far from clear. Here, by combining electrical transport measurements with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we studied the charging mechanisms of highly charged EDL interfaces between an ionic liquid and oxide semiconductor, ZnO. The direct measure for mobile carriers from the Hall effect agreed well with that from the capacitance-voltage integration at 1 Hz, implying that the pseudocapacitance does not contribute to carrier transport at EDL interfaces. The temperature-frequency mapping of EIS was further demonstrated as a "phase diagram" to distinguish the electrostatic or electrochemical nature of such highly charged EDL interfaces with densities of up to 8 × 10(14) cm(-2), providing a guideline for electric-field-induced electronic phenomena and a simple method for distinguishing electrostatic and electrochemical charging in EDLTs not only based on a specific oxide semiconductor, ZnO, but also commonly applicable to all types of EDL interfaces with extremely high-density carrier accumulation.
Ionic Liquid and Petrochemistry: A Patent Survey (2014)

Industrial applications of ionic liquids in petrochemistry have been reviewed through the US and EP granted patents published from 1990 to 2010. A Chemical Abstracts search on the STN host retrieved about 300 patents, about 130 of them found relevant and are fully analysed in this chapter. This survey has been divided into six thematic sections: new formulations and methods of fabrication for an improved use of ionic liquids; separation processes using ionic liquids; use of ionic liquids as additives with specific properties; use of ionic liquids as both acidic catalysts and solvents; applications of ionic liquids as solvents of catalytic systems; and ionic liquids and biopolymers. Our study has been complemented by a short description of the emerging areas concerning ionic liquids using the patent applications published during the past five years.
Are we using oxycodone appropriately? A utilisation review in a UK tertiary care centre: Table 1 (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the utilisation of oxycodone in a tertiary care centre based in the North of England serving a population of 330 000. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective study which gathered data from October 2011 to March 2012. Medical notes were screened to determine the prevalence of oxycodone use during the study period. The medication histories were determined; once the reason for oxycodone initiation was established, it was interpreted and classified as either appropriate or inappropriate. <h3>Results</h3> During the study period, a total of 51 patients were taking oxycodone; one patient was lost to follow-up. General practitioners were found to be the most common group responsible for initiating oxycodone (22 patients, 44%), followed by specialist palliative care nurses (11 patients, 22%). Other prescribers included palliative care consultants (nine patients, 18%); hospital doctors (seven patients, 14%) and a site-specific specialist nurse (one patient, 2%). Of the 50 patients, 17 (34%) were considered to be using oxycodone inappropriately. The most frequent reason for inappropriate use was initiating oxycodone without initially trying morphine. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Oxycodone is initiated inappropriately in a significant number of palliative care patients and should only be used as a second-line strong opioid or if morphine is not suitable or cannot be tolerated. The specialist palliative care team should be consulted for advice in cases of complex pain management.