gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Communications and Jamming in Multi-Antenna Multi-Carrier Cognitive Radio Systems (2021)

With the increasing number of wireless communication systems and the demand for bandwidth, the wireless medium has become a congested and contested environment. Operating under such an environment brings several challenges, especially for military communication systems, which need to guarantee reliable communication while avoiding interfering with other friendly or neutral systems and denying the enemy systems of service. In this work, we investigate a novel application of Rate-Splitting Multiple Access(RSMA) for joint communications and jamming with a Multi-Carrier(MC) waveform in a multiantenna Cognitive Radio(CR) system. RSMA is a robust multiple access scheme for downlink multi-antenna wireless networks. RSMA relies on multi-antenna Rate-Splitting (RS) at the transmitter and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) at the receivers. Our aim is to simultaneously communicate with Secondary Users(SUs) and jam Adversarial Users(AUs) to disrupt their communications while limiting the interference to Primary Users(PUs) in a setting where all users perform broadband communications by MC waveforms in their respective networks. We consider the practical setting of imperfect CSI at transmitter(CSIT) for the SUs and PUs, and statistical CSIT for AUs. We formulate a problem to obtain optimal precoders which maximize the mutual information under interference and jamming power constraints. We propose an Alternating Optimization-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers(AOADMM) based algorithm for solving the resulting non-convex problem. We perform an analysis based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions to determine the optimal jamming and interference power thresholds that guarantee the feasibility of problem and propose a practical algorithm to calculate the interference power threshold. By simulations, we show that RSMA achieves a higher sum-rate than Space Division Multiple Access(SDMA).
Uniparental propagation of mitochondrial DNA in mouse-human cell hybrids. (1980)

The retention of the two parental mitochondrial DNAs has been investigated in a large number of mouse-human cell hybrids segregating either mouse or human chromosomes, by using a highly sensitive and specific method for detection of the DNA; the results have been correlated with the karyotype and isozyme marker pattern in the same hybrid lines. In all the hybrids examined, a consistent pattern was observed for the type of mitochondrial DNA retained: the mitochondrial DNA of the parent whose chromosomes were segregated from the nucleus was undetectable or present in marginal amounts. This was true also of hybrids containing a complete set of the segregating chromosomes in the total or a large fraction of the cell population.
Intake Of Water-soluble Protein During An Interval Of Repeated Strenuous Exercises Can Improve Serum Myoglobin Levels (2009)

Many athletes consume protein both immediately after exercise and before sleeping to build up the body and to recover from strenuous exercise. Little is known about the effects of protein supplementation during exercise because protein can have a bitter taste. Recently, athletes have been consuming a sports drink containing good tasting and rapidly absorbed water-soluble protein, without evidence of any obvious benefit. PURPOSE: To determine whether intake of water-soluble protein during exercise has a favorable effect on muscle damage, performance, and soreness. METHODS: Japanese trained male athletes (n=7) performed two sessions of high intensity cycle ergometer exercise. In each session, subjects did five repetitions of 10 s of maximal intensity riding interrupted by 50 s of resting. Subjects consumed protein (14.1 g/400 mL) either during exercise or immediately after exercise. Blood lactic acid, serum myoglobin, CK, and LDH were measured pre- and post-exercise. Perceived muscle soreness and psychological mood change (Profile of Mood State: POMS) were investigated. RESULTS: Serum myoglobin, CK, and LDH increased significantly 2 h after exercise. Intake of water-soluble protein during exercise (relative to protein intake after exercise) decreased myoglobin, CK, and LDH. POMS scores (fatigue, total scores) were also improved. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to supplementation after exercise, supplementation during exercise attenuated post-exercise muscle damage and fatigue. The results suggest that ingestion of protein during exercise may be important.
Sensitivity of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors to cis-hydroxyproline, an inhibitor of collagen production. (1981)

The growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors was depressed by cis-hydroxyproline (CHP). This growth arrest appeared to be related to the ability of CHP to inhibit the deposition of basement membrane collagen as based on the following observations: (a) in vitro and in vivo, tumor cells synthesized type IV collagen, the collagen uniquely localized in basement membranes; (b) in vitro, the inhibition of tumor cell growth was preceded by a specific decrease in collagen accumulation with no effect on non-collagen protein synthesis; (c) a transplantable N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumor accumulated no type IV collagen as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence. The growth of this tumor was not influenced by CHP; (d) an established human mammary tumor cell line, MCF-7, did not accumulate type IV collagen and was not inhibited by CHP. At the doses which effectively blocked the growth of primary N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors, CHP and no toxic effects, and serum prolactin levels were not altered. The inhibitory effect was thus apparently due to the direct action of CHP upon the accumulation of collagen in cells which required type IV collagen production for continued growth.
Operation mechanism of organic electrochemical transistors as redox chemical transducers (2021)

Designing OECTs to amplify chemical redox reactions reliably requires: (1) separating reaction from the OECT (2) operating the OECT potentiometrically (3) utilizing non-polarizable gate electrode (4) maximizing transconductance of channel material.
BBr3 as a boron source in plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2019)

Boron is a difficult material to use in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) reactor due to its high melting point as a pure compound. Consequently, there is interest in exploring alternative sources for B in MBE. In this paper, the authors detail the construction and operation of a novel BBr3 injection system for plasma-assisted MBE growth and show results for BGaN thin films grown using readily available low purity BBr3 as a proof of concept for the source. The BBr3 system enables the growth of coherent BGaN films with a concentration up to 3% B on the group III site and thicknesses up to 280 nm as determined by high resolution x-ray diffraction. Atom probe tomography and secondary ion mass spectroscopy results of a B0.03Ga0.97N film indicate a high level of Br impurity on the order of 1 × 1019 atoms/cm3 and atmospheric contamination consistent with a low purity source. BBr3 is successful as a B source for high crystal quality BGaN films; however, the Br incorporation from the source limits the applications for this material.
Selective area laser photodeposition of transparent conductive SnO2 films (1989)

The deposition of SnO2 films has been demonstrated using an ArF (193 nm) excimer laser to drive the photochemical reactions of mixed SnCl4 and N2 O vapors. Without any annealing, films 100 nm thick grown on room-temperature substrates have resistivities as low as 0.04 Ω cm. The optical band gap of 3.20 eV and transmission cutoff wavelength of 330 nm compare favorably with the best films obtained using alternate higher temperature techniques. Subsequent annealing does not increase the film’s conductivity. Selective area growth of 10-μm-wide lines has been performed using proximity printing. The maximum temperature excursion during the laser pulse is estimated to be 300–400 °C.
Smoking modulates different secretory subpopulations expressing SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the nasal and bronchial airways (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity are influenced by viral entry (VE) gene expression patterns in the airway epithelium. The similarities and differences of VE gene expression (ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL) across nasal and bronchial compartments have not been fully characterized using matched samples from large cohorts. Gene expression data from 793 nasal and 1673 bronchial brushes obtained from individuals participating in lung cancer screening or diagnostic workup revealed that smoking status (current versus former) was the only clinical factor significantly and reproducibly associated with VE gene expression. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was higher in smokers in the bronchus but not in the nose. scRNA-seq of nasal brushings indicated that ACE2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in club and C15orf48<sup>+</sup> secretory cells while TMPRSS2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in keratinizing epithelial cells. In contrast, these ACE2 and TMPRSS2 modules were highly expressed in goblet cells in scRNA-seq from bronchial brushings. Cell-type deconvolution of the gene expression data confirmed that smoking increased the abundance of several secretory cell populations in the bronchus, but only goblet cells in the nose. The association of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with smoking in the bronchus is due to their high expression in goblet cells which increase in abundance in current smoker airways. In contrast, in the nose, these genes are not predominantly expressed in cell populations modulated by smoking. In individuals with elevated lung cancer risk, smoking-induced VE gene expression changes in the nose likely have minimal impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection, but in the bronchus, smoking may lead to higher viral loads and more severe disease.
Riboprobe assay for HDV RNA: A sensitive method for the detection of the HDV genome in clinical serum samples (1990)

We have used a new hybridization assay for the detection of the genome of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in serum using a strand-specific RNA probe obtained by transcription of a recombinant riboprobe. This assay was tested on a panel of 30 sera from HBsAg carriers with hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) in the liver. The riboprobe assay detected HDV RNA in the serum of 83% of the patients, while 63% were positive using the DNA hybridization assay. HDAg was detected in 73% of the same sera by immunoblotting. The riboprobe assay was also compared to other assays on serial samples from an experimentally infected chimpanzee. These results demonstrate that the Northern blot assay using the RNA probe is more sensitive than the homologous DNA probe for the detection of HDV in serum and is also more sensitive than the immunoblot assay for HDAg. The riboprobe assay is the most sensitive of currently available methods to measure HD viremia.
Multiple scattering in dispersions, for long wavelength thermoacoustic solutions (2014)

Thermoacoustic scattering is a principal scattering mechanism in the ultrasonic characterisation of water-continuous colloids. Thermal effects are particularly important in highly concentrated systems, where non-propagational thermal fields surrounding the disperse particles overlap. For low concentrations, the single sphere solution of Epstein and Carhart has become a popular tool for determining the particle size distribution. However, for small particle sizes it suffers from ill-conditioning that can make the solution numerically unstable. This problem has been resolved, by Harlen et. al. (2001, SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 61 1906-1931), who obtained an asymptotic solution for low concentrations that is valid when the particle diameter is small compared to the wavelength. In this paper we will use this asymptotic method to calculate the effects of multiple scattering that occur at higher concentrations. We use the addition translation theorem to calculate the effects of multiple scattering between a pair of spheres of different sizes and show how this affects the close-field scattering pattern.
Dynamic membrane projection lithography [Invited] (2011)

We present dynamic membrane projection lithography as a method to create three dimensional metallic traces in hemispherical cavities. The technique entails directional evaporation through perforations in a membrane covering a hemispherical unit-cell cavity. The sample is positioned on a rotating stage and tilted with respect to the incident evaporated beam, such that the traces are deposited on the interior face of the cavity. A simple self-aligned version and a more general two-step fabrication version are presented. Furthermore, by incorporating a fixed shutter, both closed-loop and split-loop structures are demonstrated.
Synthesis and Opioid Activity of Conformationally Constrained Dynorphin A Analogues. 2. Conformational Constraint in the “Address” Sequence, (1997)

A constrained analogue of the opioid peptide dynorphin A (Dyn A) cyclized in the "message" sequence was designed which may be compatible with the helical conformation proposed by Schwyzer (Biochemistry 1986, 25, 4281-4286) as the conformation Dyn A adopts at kappa opioid receptors. On the basis of molecular modeling with AMBER, we prepared the lactam cyclo-[D-Asp2,Dap5]Dyn A-(1-13)NH2 (1; Dap = alpha, beta-diaminopropionic acid) containing a four-atom bridge between positions 2 and 5 as a possible constraint compatible with an alpha-helix, along with the homologues with five-(2) and six-atom (3) bridges containing Dab (alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid) and Orn, respectively, in position 5. All of the cyclic peptide analogues exhibited high binding affinity for both kappa and mu receptors and high potency in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) assay. As ring size increased, a trend in receptor selectivity from slightly kappa selective (compound 1) to nonselective for kappa vs mu (compound 2) to slightly mu selective (compound 3) was observed in the radioligand binding assays. The results in the GPI for antagonism of these peptides by naloxone paralleled the results of the binding assays and indicated that compound 1 preferentially interacted with kappa receptors in this tissue. Novel byproducts were also obtained from the cyclization reactions with HBTU (2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) and characterized as [D-Asp2,X(Tmg)5]Dyn A-(1-13)NH2 (where X = Dap, Dab, or Orn and Tmg = tetramethylguanidinium). All of the Tmg linear byproducts bound with high affinity to kappa and mu receptors and also exhibited potent agonist activity in the GPI. Circular dichroism spectra of compound 1 and the parent peptide Dyn A-(1-13)NH2 determined in 80% trifluoroethanol at 5 degrees C were consistent with some alpha-helical content in the peptides; comparison of the delta epsilon at 222 nm suggested that compound 1 possessed slightly higher helical content than Dyn A-(1-13)NH2 under these experimental conditions. The cyclic Dyn A analogues 1-3 described here represent the first Dyn A analogues constrained in the "message" sequence with demonstrated high affinity and potency at kappa receptors.
Sound Appeal (2013)

Abstract The totality of the sensory experience of eating is amazingly complex, mediated as it is through all the senses. This chapter focuses on one aspect of the total sensory experience, noisiness. In the case of crispy-crunchy-crackly foods, the sounds made by food should be as much a part of the experience of eating as color, taste, smell, and mouthfeel. Crispy, crunchy, and crackly sounds are sensorially distinct in relation to other sensory attributes. It is also notoriously difficult to get people to agree on the differences among crispness, crunchiness, and crackliness. However, research has indicated some fundamental sound differences among crispness, crunchiness, and crackliness. Crunchiness tends to emit lower frequencies, while crisp has high notes. Crackliness appears to combine features of both crispiness and crunchiness. For instance, pork crackling will break in the mouth with a considerable crunch; however, as chewing proceeds, crisp notes are generated. One study also confirmed that that the universal definition of crispness is the rate and intensity of sound pulses produced in the mouth.
Электромиостимуляция как альтернатива физической тренировке у пациентов с ХОБЛ (2018)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unable to do physical exercises included into standard pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a good alternative for such patients as it does not aggravate shortness of breath. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of short-term NMES of the quadriceps femoris muscle on the physical activity of patients with COPD. Our prospective open randomized study was carried out in 36 patients distributed into two groups. The main group was administered NMES for 10 days. On day 10 clinical and functional parameters, as well as adverse events, were evaluated. On admission to hospital, the groups did not differ in terms of the studied parameters. Following the treatment course, the main group significantly improved their step count and electromyography results (418.5 (86.0; 815.0) vs. 226.7 (48.0; 660.0), p = 0.02, and 463.0 (122; 804) vs. 210.5 (64; 481), p = 0.0001, respectively). The patients scored much less on the Mmrc and Borg scales and the 34.0) vs. 28.4 (26.0; 34.0), p = 0.00007; 2.7 (2.0; 4.0) vs. 3.1 (3.0; 4.0), p = 0.03; and 6.3 (5.0; 7.0) vs. 7.2 (6.0; 9.0), p = 0.0002, respectively. No adverse events were registered in the main group. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that shortterm NMES of the quadriceps femoris muscle improves physical activity, the quality of life and ability to do physical exercise in patients with COPD providing them with a good alternative to standard rehabilitation programs.
Electro-optic shocks from blowout laser wakefields (2010)

Laser wakefield accelerators operating in the blowout regime exhibit unique forward scattering characteristics. When a cavitation region is formed, the drive pulse excites currents in the electron sheath that lead to conical emission of harmonic radiation in the near-forward direction. Theoretical expressions for the spectral-angular distribution in the far field are derived. These expressions allow for arbitrary temporal profiles of both the laser pulse and the sheath density. The characteristics of the emission can be related to key characteristics of the accelerating structure. The theoretical results are compared with the results of the experiment.
Influence of Surface Conditioning and Passivation Schemes on the Internal Rear Reflectance of Bulk Silicon Solar Cells (2010)

The substrate thickness of bulk silicon solar cells is decreasing and will be decreasing even further in the future due to cost reasons. The reduction of substrate thickness using a full aluminum metallization on the rear causes problems because of increasing bowing of the cells due to mechanical stress during firing. In addition, the moderate quality of the Al back surface field (BSF) results in lower cell performance as one uses thinner substrates. Rear emitter passivated bulk silicon solar cells (PERC) can be a solution to these issues. Besides the elimination of the bowing, they offer two important features. The surface recombination velocity is decreased and the internal rear reflectance is enhanced. Both lead to improved cell performance. To distinguish their influence, in this contribution the rear reflectance of various test structures is compared. Since for PERC cells decoupled surfaces are necessary to be able to reach good passivation properties, the influence of the surface treatment is studied. In addition the influence of various dielectric and dielectric/metal stacks is characterized. An increased rear reflectance increase of about 2 – 3 % is observed if the rear surface is polished compared to a textured surface. An additional increase of reflectance of about 3% is observed when using aluminum on top of the dielectric stacks reaching values of up to 99 %.
Identification of a cell surface ligand for NKp30 (134.20) (2009)

Abstract We have identified a common gene structure found in all known members of the CD28 family and have used this conserved structure to include the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp30 as a CD28 family member. Soluble forms of NKp30 specifically bound to the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell-line K562 and inhibited cytolysis by the human NK line NK-92. This suggested the presence of a functional counter-structure for NKp30 on the surface of K562 and we employed a proteomic approach to identify this molecule. Our analysis identified an unannontated gene specifically from K562 lysates, which when transfected into P815 cells conveyed NKp30-specific binding activity and sensitivity to NKp30-mediated cytolysis by NK cells. The predicted protein and gene structure of this molecule suggested it was a member of the B7 family and we therefore designated it B7h6. Expression analysis suggested limited expression on normal tissues but expression was apparent on a subset of tumor lines and expression correlated well with sensitivity to NKp30-mediated cytolysis further supporting the notion that this molecule serves as a functional counter-structure for NKp30.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Additions Catalyzed by KF on a Natural Phosphate Support. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Optical Vault: a Reconfigurable Optical Bottle Beam for Photophoretic Trapping of Absorbing Macro-particles (2015)

Trapping and manipulating particles with light is a technique that has been widely studied for optical tweezers, acting under the gradient force. During the last years there has been a grown in the number of works dedicated to the study of a different type of optical force, capable of trapping and manipulating absorbing macroparticles: the photophoretic force [1, 2]. When an absorbing particle is illuminated, it absorbs part of the energy of the input light field, being this energy redistributed along the particle surface in form of heat. If the particle is inside a medium, e.g. a gas, the radiated heat will increase the kinetic energy and momentum of the particles of that medium and they will transfer their momentum to the absorbing particle. If that particle is illuminated evenly, it will receive an asymmetric transfer of momentum from the gaseous particles and will be pushed away from the light source, being this effect known as photophoretic force. In contrast, if the particle is illuminated symmetrically in all directions, the amount of momentum transfer received from the gas will be also symmetric and, as a consequence, it will remain at a permanent position. In other words, the particle will be 3D trapped. To illuminate a particle symmetrically, the light beam must form an optical bottle, i.e. a region of ideally null intensity surrounded in all directions by regions of higher intensity [3].
Supplementary Table 2 from Nanoparticle-Delivered Suicide Gene Therapy Effectively Reduces Ovarian Tumor Burden in Mice (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Nanoparticle-Delivered Suicide Gene Therapy Effectively Reduces Ovarian Tumor Burden in Mice