gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A machine learning-based real-time tumor tracking system for fluoroscopic gating of lung radiotherapy (2020)

To improve respiratory-gated radiotherapy accuracy, we developed a machine learning approach for markerless tumor tracking and evaluated it using lung cancer patient data. Digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) datasets were generated using planning 4DCT data. Tumor positions were selected on respective DRR images to place the GTV center of gravity in the center of each DRR. DRR subimages around the tumor regions were cropped so that the subimage size was defined by tumor size. Training data were then classified into two groups: positive (including tumor) and negative (not including tumor) samples. Machine learning parameters were optimized by the extremely randomized tree method. For the tracking stage, a machine learning algorithm was generated to provide a tumor likelihood map using fluoroscopic images. Prior probability tumor positions were also calculated using the previous two frames. Tumor position was then estimated by calculating maximum probability on the tumor likelihood map and prior probability tumor positions. We acquired treatment planning 4DCT images in eight patients. Digital fluoroscopic imaging systems on either side of the vertical irradiation port allowed fluoroscopic image acquisition during treatment delivery. Each fluoroscopic dataset was acquired at 15 frames per second. We evaluated the tracking accuracy and computation times. Tracking positional accuracy averaged over all patients was 1.03 ± 0.34 mm (mean ± standard deviation, Euclidean distance) and 1.76 ± 0.71 mm ([Formula: see text] percentile). Computation time was 28.66 ± 1.89 ms/frame averaged over all frames. Our markerless algorithm successfully estimated tumor position in real time.
Isolation and characterization of terpentecin, a new antitumor antibiotic. (1985)

A new antitumor antibiotic, terpentecin was isolated from the culture broth of strain MF730-N6. Strain MF730-N6, isolated from soil, was found to belong to the genus Kitasatosporia. The antibiotic was extracted with chloroform, purified by column chromatography using silica gel and Diaion HP-20 successively, and finally purified by high performance reverse-phase thin layer chromatography. The molecular formula of terpentecin was determined to be C20H28O6 (molecular weight, 364). The antibiotic inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and prolonged the survival period of mice bearing leukemia L-1210, P388 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.
Programmable VLSI systolic processors for neural network and matrix computations (1996)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 1525 (1996)Laboratoire d'architecture de processeurs Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-1525Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2017-05-12
Transient Changes in Hepatic Physiology That Alter Bilirubin and Bile Acid Transport May Explain Elevations in Liver Chemistries Observed in Clinical Trials of GGF2 (Cimaglermin Alfa) (2017)

GGF2 is a recombinant human neuregulin-1β in development for chronic heart failure. Phase 1 clinical trials of GGF2 were put on hold when transient elevations in serum aminotransferases and total bilirubin were observed in 2 of 43 subjects who received single doses of GGF2 at 1.5 or 0.378 mg/kg. However, aminotransferase elevations were modest and not typical of liver injury sufficient to result in elevated serum bilirubin. Cynomolgus monkeys administered a single 15 mg/kg dose of GGF2 had similar transient elevations in serum aminotransferases and bilirubin as well as transient elevations in serum bile acids. However, no hepatocellular necrosis was observed in liver biopsies obtained during peak elevations. When sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes were treated with GGF2 for up to 72 h at concentrations approximately 0.8-fold average plasma Cmax for the 0.378 mg/kg dose, no cytotoxicity was observed. Gene expression profiling identified approximately 50% reductions in mRNAs coding for bilirubin transporters and bile acid conjugating enzymes, as well as changes in expression of additional genes mimicking the interleukin-6-mediated acute phase response. Similar gene expression changes were observed in GGF2-treated HepG2 cells and primary monkey hepatocytes. Additional studies conducted in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes revealed a transient and GGF2 concentration-dependent decrease in hepatocyte bile acid content and biliary clearance of taurocholate without affecting biliary taurocholate efflux. Taken together, these data suggest that GGF2 does not cause significant hepatocellular death, but transiently modifies hepatic handling of bilirubin and bile acids, effects that may account for the elevations in serum bilirubin observed in the clinical trial subjects.
A Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of CHR-3996, an Oral Class I Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor in Refractory Solid Tumors (2012)

Taking the toxicity and PK/PD profile into consideration, the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) is 40 mg/d. At this dose, CHR-3996 has a favorable toxicologic, PK, and PD profile. CHR-3996 has shown preliminary clinical activity and should be evaluated in further clinical trials.
Adaptive analogue calibration technique to compensate electrode motion artefacts in biopotential recording (2020)

This study presents an adaptive analogue calibration method to compensate electrode–skin impedance mismatch during biopotential signal (electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and electromyogram) acquisition with enhanced immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The method continuously measures the variation of the impedance mismatch between the electrode–skin interfaces arising primarily due to motion artefacts, and thereafter compensate for the resulting distortions at the output. The compensation is done with the help a proportional–integral–derivative controller in the feedback loop, together with the acquisition of the biopotential signals. A common mode shunt feedback at the output attenuates the common mode EMI and reduces the common mode deviation. As compared to previously reported techniques, the proposed technique refutes any need for offline manual calibration and shows a significant improvement in EMI attenuation without interrupting the main system's operation. This study explains the proposed technique with the comprising blocks, illustrates the theoretical models and analyses, and evaluates the superior performances of the proposed method by comparing the responses with those obtained from the other EMI‐Immune electrode mismatch compensating front‐ends existing in the literature.
Passive Terahertz Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging (2022)

We demonstrate the capability of the THz frequency (submillimeter wavelength) band to perform nonline-of-sight imaging by reflection from common rough surfaces. Active bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements at 336 GHz show that surface roughness affects the strength, but not the width, of a specularly reflected beam of submillimeter-wavelength light. Uncooled passive direct-detection receivers built using high-frequency InP transistor technology achieve noise-equivalent temperature differences (NETD) ≤ 33 mK. One and two-dimensional, scanned single-pixel images made using such a passive receiver show that determination of the location, orientation, and pose of human targets can easily be made on surfaces whose specular component of reflectance is as low as 8%, without any algorithmic assistance. With such low instrumental NETD levels, the radiometric component of image quality is dominated by real fluctuations in the radiometric temperature of ordinary indoor backgrounds.
LOW TEMPERATURE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF PZT CERAMICS (2005)

ABSTRACT Since superlattice reflections in PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 ceramics have been observed clearly at low temperature by means of electron diffraction [1 Ragini Mishra, S. K., Pandey, D., Lemmens, H. and Van Tendeloo, G. 2001. Phys. Rev. B, 64: 054101 [CSA][Crossref] , [Google Scholar], 2 Dai, Y. R., Bao, P., Shen, H. M., Su, D., Zhu, J. S., Zhu, Y. P. and Wang, Y. N. 2003. Appl. Phys. Lett., 82: 109 [CSA][CROSSREF][Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], antiphase boundaries(APBs) and 180°-antiphase boundaries(180°-APBs) are suspected to appear. And the appearance of APBs and 180°-APBs will influence the fatigue property of the ceramics. Then low temperature fatigue behaviors of PbZr52Ti48O3 ceramics were investigated. The results suggest that the fatigue property were improved.
A Biological-Realtime Neuromorphic System in 28 nm CMOS using\n Low-Leakage Switched Capacitor Circuits (2014)

A switched-capacitor (SC) neuromorphic system for closed-loop neural coupling\nin 28 nm CMOS is presented, occupying 600 um by 600 um. It offers 128 input\nchannels (i.e. presynaptic terminals), 8192 synapses and 64 output channels\n(i.e. neurons). Biologically realistic neuron and synapse dynam- ics are\nachieved via a faithful translation of the behavioural equations to SC\ncircuits. As leakage currents significantly affect circuit behaviour at this\ntechnology node, dedicated compensation techniques are employed to achieve\nbiological-realtime operation, with faithful reproduction of time constants of\nseveral 100 ms at room temperature. Power draw of the overall system is 1.9 mW.\n
Thermal decomposition of chrysotile-containing wastes in a water vapor atmosphere (2010)

A simple thermal decomposition technique to convert asbestos-containing wastes (ACWs) into non-asbestos products has been developed by heating ACWs in a water vapor atmosphere. It was confirmed that cement slates containing 18 mass % chrysotile were converted into non-asbestos products by the thermal treatment in a water vapor atmosphere at 800°C for 2 h. In contrast, the thermal treatments in air required temperatures as high as 900°C to convert the cement slates into non-asbestos products. It should be noted that any chrysotile particles were not detected by the phase-contrast microscopic observation in the products after the thermal treatments in a water vapor atmosphere at temperatures beyond 800°C but three or less chrysotile particles remained after the thermal treatments in air at high temperatures beyond 900°C. In a water vapor atmosphere, ACWs were successfully converted into non-asbestos products at low temperatures below 800°C for 2 h by accelerated solid-state reactions between decomposed products of chrysotile and cement components to form calcium magnesium silicates. This technique may contribute to large-scale decomposition of ACWs with low energy consumption in comparison with the traditional melting method.
A Least-Squares Derivation of Output Error Feedback for Direct State Estimate Correction in Recurrent Neural Networks (2021)

Iterative least-mean square learning algorithms for recurrent neural networks, such as dynamic backpropagation, have been derived to adapt network weights, but do not directly correct the state estimate. The network estimate of the unknown system’s state is propagated without direct compensation. This paper proposes a more general least-mean square problem that produces both dynamic backpropagation weight adjustment and linear output error feedback state estimate correction. The resulting topology is that of an extended Kalman filter with a feedforward network generating the state predictions. The output error feedback eliminates the need to perform state estimate regulation indirectly through weight adjustments.
Dynamic control of an accelerometer bandwidth through tunable damping factor and effective moment of inertia (2018)

In this paper, we report the dynamic bandwidth control of an accelerometer by reducing both its quality factor and its effective inertia. The MEMS is coupled with two built-in resistors to tune the frequency response through a DC voltage. The conception, the fabrication and the electrical testing of the accelerometer are presented. The reduction of the effective moment of inertia is experimentally evidenced on the basis of an analytical model. To the best of our knowledge, such a control of the bandwidth including inertial effects has not been reported yet. This strategy does not impact the quasi-static gain of the device and may be operated in vacuum.
Genome Analysis of North American Small Ruminant Lentiviruses by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Enzyme Analysis (1995)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify portions of the gag and env structural genes of 8 ovine and 1 caprine lentivirus isolates of North American origin. Three sets of primers were used to amplify p16, p25, and N'-gp40 gene fragments, and 1 set, annealing highly conserved portions of long terminal repeat (LTR) among small ruminant lentiviruses, was used as a positive control. Variable PCR amplification efficiency was observed. Different stringency conditions of hybridization with specific DNA probes were used to maximize detection of the PCR product. The p25 primers detected all strains, the gp40 primers detected 1 ovine and the caprine strain, and the p16 primers detected only 1 ovine isolate. All strains were detected by LTR primers. Restriction endonuclease analysis of 5 amplified p25 and 2 N'-gp40 gene fragments revealed extensive heterogeneity among these North American small ruminant lentiviruses.
Silyl‐Substituted Tetrathia[7]helicenes: Synthesis, X‐ray Characterization and Reactivity (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 27/2007) (2007)

Abstract The cover picture shows the photochemical cyclization of silyl‐substituted trans ‐1,2‐bis(benzodithiophen‐2‐yl)ethenes into the corresponding silylated helicenes and the transformation of these into new halogenated helicenes. The picture underlines a peculiar aspect of the paper, that is, the high solubility of the above silylated trans alkenes, which is a consequence of the presence of the two silyl groups and results in a very fast and easy photocyclization that can be perfomed in solution by using a glass reactor with an immersion Hg lamp. The molecular packing of the trans alkenes in solution shows a long interplanar distance between two molecules, which accounts for its high solubility. The work is a collaboration between Milan and Parma Universities, whose Cathedrals are shown. Details are discussed in the article by E. Licandro et al. on p. 4499 ff.
Effect of pH on activities of novel beta-lactamases and beta-lactamase inhibitors against these beta-lactamases (1995)

The effects of acidic conditions on activities of seven beta-lactamases--TEM-1 (class A), KOXY (class A), IMP-1 (class B), AmpC (class C), MOX-1 (class C), OXA-5 (class D), and PSE-2 (class D)--and their inhibitors were measured. The enzymatic activities of KOXY, IMP-1, and MOX-1 at pH 5.8 were slightly lower than those at pH 7.5. However, the activities of PSE-2 and OXA-5 were greatly reduced at pH 5.8. All of the beta-lactamase inhibitors tested had poorer inhibitory activities at pH 5.8 than at pH 7.5 except clavulanic acid for TEM-1.
Prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections (2020)

Cataract and URE, two of the major causes of blindness and vision impairment, are reversible with treatment and thus promising targets to alleviate vision impairment in SSA.
Selection and characterization of a glucokinase-deficient mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila. (1982)

We have isolated a mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila that is resistant to inhibition of growth by the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose. The mutant exhibits a deficiency in a cytoplasmic glucokinase. This enzymatic defect and the attendant inability to convert 2-deoxyglucose to toxic phosphorylated derivatives is apparently the sole basis for the mutant phenotype since transport of glucose and 2-deoxyglucose is unimpaired; there is no elevation of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, which could decrease the level of toxic 2-deoxyglucose metabolites. Genetic analyses have shown that the mutant allele is recessive and inherited as a single Mendelian mutation. The glucokinase-deficient strain described here is useful for the selection of other mutants in this organism and for the investigation of various cellular processes initiated or modulated by glucose and its analogs. We have exploited the molecular defect in this strain to investigate the initial steps in the cyclic AMP-mediated repression of galactokinase gene expression which is caused by glucose.
An alkaline α-galactosidase transcript is present in maize seeds and cultured embryo cells, and accumulates during stress (2006)

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulate in many developing seeds and are degraded during seed germination. However, acidic α-galactosidase (AGAL) activity and subcellular location do not correlate with raffinose depletion; alkaline α-galactosidases (AGA) may be responsible for RFO hydrolysis in germinating seeds. Three cDNA clones for AGA / SEED IMBIBITION PROTEIN were obtained from the Pioneer Hi-Bred maize expressed sequence database. Two of the clones were expressed in Escherichia coli , and the recombinant proteins, when incubated with naturally occurring galactosides or p -nitrophenyl α-d-galactose, exhibited AGA activity with maximum catalysis at pH 7.5 (ZmAGA1) or pH 8.5 (ZmAGA3). No raffinose biosynthetic capacity was observed with either enzyme. Maximal α-galactosidase activity in mature dehydrated, germinating and germinated maize ( Zea mays ) seeds occurred at pH 7.5. ZmAGA1 was the sole family member detected in seeds and maize Hi-II, embryo-derived, callus cells. Its transcript accumulated when seed germination was interrupted by heat, cold or dehydration stress, but not in response to NaCl. Tissue prints localized transcripts to the scutellum or the embryo axis, depending on the stress applied. In maize Hi-II callus cells, transcripts accumulated when callus was subjected to heat stress (42 °C), during which ZmAGA1 transcript accumulation was further induced by sucrose. Galactosides in a variety of forms, including raffinose, partially repressed the sucrose-induced accumulation of transcript in heat-stressed callus.
Numerical and Experimental Assessment of a Solenoid Common-Rail Injector Operation with Advanced Injection Strategies (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The selection and tuning of the Fuel Injection System (FIS) are among the most critical tasks for the automotive diesel engine design engineers. In fact, the injection strongly affects the combustion phenomena through which controlling a wide range of related issues such as pollutant emissions, combustion noise and fuel efficiency becomes feasible. In the scope of the engine design optimization, the simulation is an efficient tool in order to both predict the key performance parameters of the FIS, and to reduce the amount of experiments needed to reach the final product configuration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work a complete characterization of a solenoid ballistic injector for a Light-Duty Common Rail system was therefore implemented in a commercially available one-dimensional computational software called GT-SUITE. The main phenomena governing the injector operation were simulated by means of three sub-models (electro-magnetic, hydraulic and mechanical).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The model was validated using experimental data obtained by a Zeuch’s method injection analyzer. To this end, the experimental injection rate profiles and injected volumes along with rail pressure profiles were acquired in several multi-event injector operation strategies pertaining to different engine operating conditions, typical of the NEDC operation. The use of different Energizing Time (ET) and Dwell Time (DT) values allowed the evaluation of the injector potential in applying advanced actuation strategies and the assessment of the model capability to simulate the injection system operation in challenging operating conditions such as close injection events.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
P263Endocardial and epicardial voltage amplitude measurements for myocardial scar detection: validation by delayed enhancement CMR in heart failure patients (2017)

Results: Age of the population was 66612 years; 66% of patients were male, 46% had ischemic heart disease and mean ejection fraction was 2669%. During echocardiography median sAV delay was 75626 ms, and median pAV delay was 148632 ms, leading to an offset of 73618 ms. These values differ substantially from the nominal AV settings of five major manufacturers. As can be seen in Figure The calculated optimal offset was 75625 based on IEGM values. Using Bland-Altman plot analysis the clinically acceptable correlation between echocardiography-and IEGM-generated AV offset delays showed good agreement. In 93% of patients differences in mean's variations were less than 30 ms and within 62 standard deviations of the mean. Furthermore, the optimal offset between sAV and pAV delays, obtained during echocardiography and from IEGM calculations, showed a good correlation (R20.62, P<0.001) (Figure Conclusion: Optimal AV delays are patient specific and differ from nominal device settings. Offset between sAV and pAV delay can be calculated using a new, simple IEGM based approach. In daily clinical practice this means that after sAV delay optimization, pAV delay can easily be calculated and subsequently programmed, reducing the time consuming nature of AV optimization.
Barrett: 1801–1821 (2014)

On 2 July 1801 the royal assent was given to the Act for the further encouragement of learning, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, by securing the copies and copyright of printed books, to the authors of such books, or their assigns for the time herein mentioned. The effect of this Act, the Copyright Act of 1801, was to extend copyright in printed books to include Ireland and to place Trinity's Library on an equal footing with those of the English and Scottish universities in that it was now entitled to receive a free copy of books published in the United Kingdom. It was fundamental in determining the development of the Library to the present day. From it derives much of Trinity's status as one of the great libraries of the world and from it also derive most of the problems of space and funding with which the College has had to grapple ever since.
Phase stability and grain growth in an Ag/Bi-2223 composite conductor prepared using fine-grained Bi-2223 as a precursor (1999)

We have investigated the stability and microstructural transformability of the Bi-2223 phase in a silver-sheathed monofilament composite tape fabricated using fine grained Bi/sub 1.7/Pb/sub 0.3/Sr/sub 1.9/Ca/sub 2.0/Cu/sub 3.0/O/sub y/ (Bi-2223) as the precursor powder. The fully formed Bi-2223 precursor was prepared using established procedures. The purpose of this study was to explore the prospects for growing textured, large-grain-size Bi-2223 from the fine-grained precursor by process parameter perturbations. These perturbations included thermal ramp up variations, programmed heat treatment temperature and oxygen pressure fluctuations, and parameter manipulations during cool-down. Our results show that the types of heat treatments used in conventional oxide-powder-in-tube (OPIT) processing do not facilitate Bi-2223 grain growth when the precursor powder is preconverted Bi-2223. We also observed that the Bi-2223 partially decomposed during conventional thermal ramp-up in 0.075 atm O/sub 2/, but that this decomposition can be inhibited by ramping up in a reduced oxygen pressure. A pathway was found for back-reacting the fine-grained Bi-2223 (to Bi-2212, Bi-2201 and nonsuperconducting secondary phases), then reforming large-grained Bi-2223 in a colony microstructure having some distinct differences from that produced during conventional OPIT processing.