gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Induces Healing in a Canine Long-Bone Segmental Defect Model (1994)

An ulnar segmental defect model was used in adult male dogs to examine the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (recombinant human Osteogenic Protein-1 [rhOP-1]; Creative Biomolecules, Hopkinton, Massachusetts) on new bone induction and healing, and to test the mechanical strength of healed 2.5-cm segmental bone defects. The rhOP-1 composites consisted of a carrier of 500 mg of demineralized, guanidine-extracted, insoluble bovine bone matrix (collagen carrier), reconstituted with rhOP-1. Six animals received 1200 micrograms rhOP-1 unilaterally and were killed at 12 weeks for torsional load-to-failure testing using the contralateral side as a control. Two further animals received varying amounts of rhOP-1 bilaterally and were studied histologically. All defect sites receiving rhOP-1 were completely bridged radiographically by eight weeks. A control composite, containing no rhOP-1, failed to induce new bone formation at any time. Histologically, rhOP-1-treated sites examined at 16 weeks had formation of new cortical and cancellous bone, with normal appearing marrow elements in the reconstituted medullary canal. The torsional strength of the rhOP-1-implanted ulnae averaged 72% of control (range, 30-99%). The angular deformation to failure averaged 92% of control (range, 39-122%). The energy absorption to failure averaged 67% of control (range, 27-111%). This study demonstrates the efficacy of rhOP-1 in healing segmental osteoperiosteal defects in a canine model.
Aero engine health management system architecture design using multi-criteria optimization (2013)

A design process for system architecture design using multi-criteria optimization is described using a case study of an aero engine health management (EHM) system. The EHM system functional operations need to be deployed in order to satisfy their operational attribute requirements within the constraints of resource limitations. Considering the large discrete search space of decision variables and many-objective functions and constraints, an evolutionary multi-objective genetic algorithm along with a progressive preference articulation (PPA) technique, is used for solving the optimization problem. Using the PPA technique, the industrial decision maker is able to identify the most significant design constraints ("hot spots") and experiment with changing goals for objectives, in order to arrive at a satisfactory non-dominated solutions that takes account of domain knowledge.
Globalization, Urban Change and Urban Policies in Britain and France (2013)

In The Great Transformation the eminent economic historian Karl Polanyi proposed the following thesis: the idea of a self-adjusting market implied a stark Utopia. Such an institution could not exist for any length of time without annihilating the human and natural substance of society; it would have physically destroyed man and transformed his surroundings into a wilderness. Inevitably, society took measures to protect itself, but whatever measures it took impaired the self-regulation of the market, disorganized industrial life, and thus endangered society in yet another way. It was this dilemma which forced the development of the market system into a definite groove and finally disrupted the social organization based upon it. (Polanyi 1957:3–4)
Effective Electronic and Ionic Conductivities of Dense EV-Designed NMC-Based Positive Electrodes using Fourier Based Numerical Simulations on FIB/SEM Volumes (2020)

Experimental conductivity measurements, obtained on NMC 532 -based electrodes with markedly different porosities and made with percolating and non-percolating CB/PVdF phase, are compared with full-field numerical predictions. These ones are based on segmented nanotomography images and phase bulk properties and contain no tunable parameter. A good agreement between the calculated and measured transport properties is observed. 3D current density fields give insights on the microstructure impacts on the current density distribution. Ionic transport is dominated by low tortuosity micrometric channels. Results also highlight the presence of “dead areas” in porosity that are crossed by a very low ionic current showing that, at high rate, the effective porosity may reduce to the micrometric pore network. For electronic conductivity, the CB/PVdF mixture percolation threshold is evaluated at 6%–7% in volume. Even below this key value threshold, CB/PVdF aggregates significantly improve electronic conductivity by forming gateways between NMC clusters thus minimising the constriction resistances between them. The size of the representative volume element relative to electronic and ionic conductivities is also investigated.
Comparison and evaluation of correspondence finding methods in 3D measurement systems using fringe projection (2010)

Three different methods to realize point correspondences in 3D measurement systems based on fringe projection are described and compared concerning accuracy, sensitivity, and handling. Advantages and disadvantages of the three techniques are discussed. A suggestion is made to combine the principles in order to achieve an improved completeness of the measurements. The principle of a virtual image point raster which is the basis of the combination of the methods is explained. A model to describe the random error of a 3D point measurement for the three methods is established and described. Simulations and real measurements confirm this error model. Experiments are described and results are presented.
On the Reliability of LTE Random Access: Performance Bounds for\n Machine-to-Machine Burst Resolution Time (2017)

Random Access Channel (RACH) has been identified as one of the major\nbottlenecks for accommodating massive number of machine-to-machine (M2M) users\nin LTE networks, especially for the case of burst arrival of connection\nrequests. As a consequence, the burst resolution problem has sparked a large\nnumber of works in the area, analyzing and optimizing the average performance\nof RACH. However, the understanding of what are the probabilistic performance\nlimits of RACH is still missing. To address this limitation, in the paper, we\ninvestigate the reliability of RACH with access class barring (ACB). We model\nRACH as a queuing system, and apply stochastic network calculus to derive\nprobabilistic performance bounds for burst resolution time, i.e., the worst\ncase time it takes to connect a burst of M2M devices to the base station. We\nillustrate the accuracy of the proposed methodology and its potential\napplications in performance assessment and system dimensioning.\n
[Demonstration of a bacterial structure in two human mediators: a sleep facilitating factor and a monokine]. (1983)

A monoclonal anti-MDP antibody was found to bind to "Slow Wave Sleep" factor. This result confirms that this factor is a muramyl peptide and furthermore shows that it contains a structure characteristic of the synthetic adjuvant and of the bacterial cell wall, i.e. an acetylated muramic acid bound to L-alanine. This antibody was also shown to specifically inhibit a biological activity of a purified human monokine which induces fever. Because of these results and other recent observations we propose that a bacterial structure is present in certain mammalian mediators.
G protein–coupled receptor modulation with pepducins: moving closer to the clinic (2011)

At the 2nd Pepducin Science Symposium held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on November 4-5, 2010, investigators working in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) research convened to discuss progress since last year's inaugural conference. This year's symposium focused on increasing knowledge of the structure and function of this ubiquitous superfamily of membrane receptors and their potential modulation for disease treatment. Presentations also focused on how GPCR mechanisms might be exploited to treat diseases with pepducins, novel synthetic lipopeptide pharmacophores that modulate heptahelical GPCR activity. While the multiple roles of GPCRs in physiological and pathophysiological processes offer significant opportunities for novel drug development, the global nature of their activity challenges drug-specific and validated target identification. This year's conference highlighted advances in understanding of GPCR agonist and antagonist ligand-binding motifs, their ligand-independent functions, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and evolving unique methods to probe GPCR structure and function. Study results summarized at the meeting also provided evidence for evolving views of how signaling mechanisms work through these receptors.
Bioequivalence Assessment of Domperidone Maleate Tablets in Healthy Korean Volunteers (2003)

The bioequivalence of two tablet formulations of 12.72mg domperidone maleate (Sinil tablets vs. Janssen Korea Motilium- tablets) was assessed in healthy Korean volunteers after oral administration in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were collected at spccified time intervals, and plasma concentration was measured as the amount of domperidone base using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of and were determined from plasma concentration-time profile of two formulations. Any significant statistical differences were not observed between these two formulations. On the evaluation of bioequivalence according to Korea Food and Drug Administration Guideline, 90％ confidence limits after logmithmic transformation fell within the acceptable range (log 0.8∼log 1.25). Based on these data, it can be concluded that two domperidone maleate tablets showed comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, which means that the Sinil tablet is bioequivalent to the Janssen Korea Motilium-M.
Novel Test Approach for Evaluating and Modelling Barrier Properties of Food Contact Materials Against Mineral Oil Contaminants (2016)

Abstract A method for testing the mineral oil barrier properties of packaging materials has been developed as a response for the concerns on contamination of food by mineral oil compounds. The aim was to provide an efficient tool to evaluate packaging materials with respect to this. The method is a modification of the so‐called cup test using model compounds comparable with mineral oil components with different length and configuration of the hydrocarbon chain. The model compounds are introduced in the gas phase as penetrants. The absorbed amounts, which have migrated through the barrier, are analysed from a food simulant or powdered sugar. The method has been validated for coated and non‐coated boards. Compared with folding boxboard without polymer coating, polyethylene terephthalate‐coated board reduces the amount of the C16 compound in food simulant after 7‐day tests by a factor of 30. An extended migration model describing sorption mechanisms to both food simulant and fibres in the packing material has been developed. The model simulations for folding boxboard indicate that fibres absorb a significant proportion of the compounds when molecular weight increases. This retards the migration significantly compared with the speed expected by diffusion mechanism only. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Distributed Global Optimization by Annealing (2019)

The paper considers distributed global minimization of a nonconvex function. We study a first-order consensus + innovations type algorithm that incorporates decaying additive Gaussian noise for annealing to converge to the set of global minima under certain technical assumptions. The paper presents simple methods for verifying that the required technical assumptions hold and illustrates it with a distributed target-localization application.
Trust Issues in COTS: The Challenges and Emerging Solution (2020)

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, such as microcontrollers, processors, and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) increasingly constitute the hardware backbone for modern electronic systems, including internet of things (IoT) devices. However, distributed untrusted supply chain of these components make counterfeiting and malicious alterations of these components easy and wide-spread phenomenon. In this paper, we address the various trust issues in COTS and present a list of promising design and verification solutions to address them.
SIGNALING CIRCUITS (1998)

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Suppression of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury by ACE2-like carboxypeptidase B38-CAP in COVID-19 mouse model (2021)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a receptor for cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, and recombinant soluble ACE2 protein inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection as a decoy. ACE2 is the carboxypeptidase to degrade angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin 1-7 and improves the pathologies of cardiovascular disease and acute lung injury. To address whether the carboxypeptidase enzymatic activity of ACE2 is protective against COVID-19, we investigated the effects of B38-CAP, an ACE2-like enzyme, on SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury. Expression of ACE2 protein was significantly downregulated in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. Recombinant S1 domain or receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein also directly downregulated ACE2 expression and elevated Ang II levels and considerably worsened acid-induced lung injury in hamsters. Treatment with B38-CAP downregulated Spike RBD-induced high Ang II levels, severe inflammation and pulmonary edema through its ACE2-like enzymatic activity. Consistently, elevated cytokine mRNA levels and impaired lung functions were improved by B38-CAP treatment. Moreover, in SARS-CoV-2-infected humanized ACE2 transgenic mice, B38-CAP significantly improved the pathologies of lung injury, alleviated the cytokine storms and downregulated viral RNA levels. These results provide the first experimental in vivo evidence that increasing ACE2-like enzymatic activity is a potential and powerful therapeutic strategy for lung pathologies in COVID-19.
MicroRNA-126-3p/5p and Aortic Stiffness in Patients with Turner Syndrome (2022)

Background: Turner Syndrome (TS) is a relatively rare X-chromosomal disease with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify whether the circulating miR-126-3p/5p are involved in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in TS. Methods: Using the RT-qPCR, the abundance levels of miR-126-3p and miR-126-5p were determined in 33 TS patients and 33 age-matched healthy volunteers (HVs). Vascular screening, including the assessment of blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, aortic deformation, arterial distensibility, and arterial elastance, was conducted in TS patients and HVs. Results: The abundance levels of miR-126-3p and miR-126-5p were significantly higher in TS patients compared to HVs (p < 0.0001). Within the TS cohort, miR-126-3p/5p correlated significantly with aortic deformation (r = 0.47, p = 0.01; r = 0.48, p < 0.01) and arterial distensibility (r = 0.55, p < 0.01; r = 0.48, p < 0.01). In addition, a significant negative correlation was demonstrated between miR-126-3p and arterial elastance (r = −0.48, p = 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that miR-126-3p and miR-126-5p separated the tested groups with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: The abundance levels of miR-126-3p and miR-126-5p were significantly higher in TS patients compared to HVs. Within the TS cohort, a lower abundance level of miR-126-3p and miR-126-5p was linked with a significantly higher aortic stiffness.
Strength Optimization of Thermally Bonded Spunbond Nonwovens (2007)

Recent research on all aspects of thermally point bonded nonwovens has led to considerable improvements in the understanding of material requirements for these nonwovens, the changes that occur during bonding and the resultant deterioration of the mechanical properties of the nonwoven materials. This paper addresses how one may use a bicomponent fiber technology to overcome the shortcomings of the thermal bonding and obtain high strength spunbond fabrics. In particular, we present the utility of islands-in-the-sea (I/S) bicomponent fibers for optimizing the strength of thermally bonded fabrics. To examine the role of various bonding temperatures on the fabric performance, pre-consolidated webs were formed and subsequently, thermally bonded. Thus, any influence introduced by potential variations in the structure was minimized. Point-bonded bicomponent samples made up of nylon-6 (N6) as the islands and low density polyethylene (PE) as the sea showed great promise with respect to their mechanical properties, suggesting that the use of bicomponent fibers can be beneficial for strength optimization of thermally bonded spunbond nonwovens.
Inhibition of Insulin Signaling in Endothelial Cells by Protein Kinase C-induced Phosphorylation of p85 Subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) (2011)

The regulation of endothelial function by insulin is consistently abnormal in insulin-resistant states and diabetes. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation has been reported to inhibit insulin signaling selectively in endothelial cells via the insulin receptor substrate/PI3K/Akt pathway to reduce the activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). In this study, it was observed that PKC activation differentially inhibited insulin receptor substrate 1/2 (IRS1/2) signaling of insulin's activation of PI3K/eNOS by decreasing only tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2. In addition, PKC activation, by general activator and specifically by angiotensin II, increased the phosphorylation of p85/PI3K, which decreases its association with IRS1 and activation. Thr-86 of p85/PI3K was identified to be phosphorylated by PKC activation and confirmed to affect IRS1-mediated activation of Akt/eNOS by insulin and VEGF using a deletion mutant of the Thr-86 region of p85/PI3K. Thus, PKC and angiotensin-induced phosphorylation of Thr-86 of p85/PI3K may partially inhibit the activation of PI3K/eNOS by multiple cytokines and contribute to endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders.
Cationic isomerization polymerization of β‐methylstyrene and allylbenzene (1964)

Abstract The structure of cationically obtained poly‐β‐methylstyrene and polyallylbenzene has been investigated by high resolution infrared spectroscopy. These studies indicate that under cationic conditions β‐methylstyrene polymerizes by a conventional 1,2 mechanism, whereas allylbenzene partly isomerizes to β‐methylstyrene prior to propagation and probably gives a “copolymer” of rearranged and unrearranged units.
Good Times For Wireless Research (2020)

Wireless communications has been one of the major success stories of engineering, and as a field of research, its future might be even brighter than its past. The field will need many breakthroughs to achieve the grand vision of next-generation networks, and hence, it is important to empower thousands of researchers. One of the challenges is how do we empower experiment-based wireless research at a scale and speed not possible today. In this paper, we briefly discuss the challenges faced by the experiment-based wireless research and ongoing efforts to address those challenges.
Basin-scale acoustic communication: a feasibility study using tomography m-sequences (2002)

Tomography transmissions made over a 3250 km path in the North Pacific as part of the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) program are analyzed as data communications signals in order to estimate the rate and reliability of very long range undersea telemetry. The ATOC tomography signal is a phase-encoded maximal-length shift-register sequence transmitted at 37.5 symbols per second using a 75 Hz carrier. It may be interpreted as a BPSK data signal at 37.5 bits per second, or as a direct sequence spread spectrum signal with a spreading rate 1023 (the m-sequence period) and a resulting data rate of 1 bit every 27 seconds. The multipath arrivals observed at the receiver span nearly 8 seconds, with the majority of the energy occupying the last two seconds. The data are processed using an adaptive multi-channel decision feedback equalizer with integrated phase tracking and Doppler compensation. Equalization of the signal on one hydrophone is sufficient to extract the low-rate spread spectrum modulation, while joint use of all twenty hydrophone channels provides near symbol-rate communications. The excellent results may be attributed to the short term stability (several minutes) of the deep-ocean sound channel at low frequencies.
Methods for excluding cliff swallows from nesting on highway structures. (2009)

Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) are colonially breeding migratory birds that frequently nest on highway structures. Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, nesting control methods cannot harm swallows or active nests. This causes problems and delays for structures and maintenance divisions of many departments of transportation. Two aversion strategies, bioacoustic deterrents and surface modifications, were evaluated for their effect on cliff swallow nesting behavior. The bioacoustic deterrents (BC) consisted of sonic devices that broadcast 8 unique recordings of alarm and distress calls. Surface modification consisted of plastic sheeting with a low coefficient of friction. In year 1, surface modifications with high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheeting were mounted on the vertical surfaces at typical nesting locations. Twenty-eight bridges in the Sacramento Valley of California were used to test the aversion strategies, using a 22 factorial design with 7 replicates. In year 2, silicone-based paint and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, commonly called Teflon) sheeting were evaluated as surface modifications. Nine bridges were divided into three treatment groups: control (no treatment), silicone paint, and PTFE. In year 3, 15 bridges were divided into three treatment groups: control (no treatment), PTFE, and PTFE+BC. Each year, completed nests were counted on a weekly basis for several months. In year 1, both broadcast calls and HDPE treatments reduced the number of nests built at a site, but neither treatment nor the combination completely stopped nesting. In year 2, swallows were able to complete nests on silicone paint, but did not successfully complete any nests on PTFE. Silicone paint was determined to be an ineffective surface modification. In year 3, nests were completed at all control sites, and several PTFE and PTFE+BC sites. Nests built at sites with PTFE or PTFE+BC were never started on the PTFE sheeting itself, but instead on the bare concrete and next to the sheeting or at a location where sheeting had peeled away from the surface. Altogether, these tests indicated that only PTFE was wholly effective in preventing cliff swallows from building on a treated surface, however nests were still completed at non-covered locations on the bridge surface or at locations of failed sheeting attachment. Broadcast calls (BC) reduced the number of completed nests by delaying the onset of building, but did not stop nest construction altogether.
Subspace Locally Competitive Algorithms (2020)

We introduce subspace locally competitive algorithms (SLCAs), a family of novel network architectures for modeling latent representations of natural signals with group sparse structure. SLCA first layer neurons are derived from locally competitive algorithms, which produce responses and learn representations that are well matched to both the linear and non-linear properties observed in simple cells in layer 4 of primary visual cortex (area V1). SLCA incorporates a second layer of neurons which produce approximately invariant responses to signal variations that are linear in their corresponding subspaces, such as phase shifts, resembling a hallmark characteristic of complex cells in V1. We provide a practical analysis of training parameter settings, explore the features and invariances learned, and finally compare the model to single-layer sparse coding and to independent subspace analysis.