gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lidar and radiosonde measurements of coastal atmospheric refraction (1994)

During the period June to October 1993, a series of measurements were carried out during Project VOCAR to investigate the properties of the coastal atmosphere over the southern California coastal zone, including the offshore Sea Test Range operated by the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, Point Mugu, California. During summer, this region is frequented by persistent and strong radio/radar ducting conditions, in a refractive environment similar to those which impact Fleet operations in certain weather regimes worldwide. Characterization of the variability of refractive conditions in the lower atmosphere is a key element of the VOCAR study. Measurements at Point Mugu were made with a number of remote and direct sensing techniques, providing an opportunity to examine their respective capabilities to determine atmospheric refraction and related properties for radar/radio performance assessment applications. Some early results are presented from comparisons of refractive profiles from radiosonde data and an atmospheric lidar.
Identification of a Novel Dimer Stabilization Region in a Plant bZIP Transcription Activator (1992)

We have carried out deletion analyses of a tobacco transcription activator, TGA1a, in order to define its functional domains. TGA1a belongs to the basic-region-leucine zipper (bZIP) class of DNA-binding proteins. Like other proteins of this class, it binds to its target DNA as a dimer, and its bZIP domain is necessary and sufficient for specific DNA binding. A mutant polypeptide containing the bZIP domain alone, however, shows a lower DNA-binding affinity than the full-length TGA1a. The C-terminal portion of TGA1a, which is essential for the higher DNA-binding affinity, contains a polypeptide region that can stabilize dimeric forms of the protein. This polypeptide region is designated the dimer stabilization (DS) region. Under our in vitro conditions, TGA1a derivatives with the DS region and those without the region do not form a detectable mixed dimer. This result indicates that in addition to the leucine zipper, the DS region can serve as another determinant of the dimerization specificity of TGA1a. In fact, the DS region, when fused to another bZIP protein, C/EBP, can inhibit dimer formation between the fusion protein and native C/EBP, whereas each of these can form homodimers. Such a portable determinant of dimerization specificity has potential application in studies of DNA-binding proteins as well as in biotechnology.
HeartWare miniature axial-flow ventricular assist device: design and initial feasibility test. (2009)

Pulsatile ventricular assist devices have successfully provided circulatory support for many patients throughout the past quarter century; however, persistent complications have hindered expanded clinical application of this technology. Although the use of smaller, continuous-flow ventricular assist device pumps has reduced the frequency and severity of some adverse events, design enhancement may further improve outcomes for patients who require long-term left ventricular support. One new product, the HeartWare, Inc., miniature ventricular assist device, features a wide-bladed rotor design in an axial-flow pump with a strong, passively suspended magnetic rotor. The operating range of 16,000 to 28,000 rpm can provide up to 10 L/min of flow. The wide blades portend minimal cellular trauma.This new device has not yet been approved for use in human beings. As a test, we implanted it in a calf, and we continuously monitored the device's performance and the hemodynamic results over 30 days. No mechanical failure occurred, and no thrombi were noted upon explantation of the device. The animal's circulation was stable during the test period, and no end-organ abnormalities were found upon autopsy. The potential benefits of this miniature ventricular assist device are its increased availability to a broader patient population, a lower risk of infection, simplified implantation procedures, and improved durability. Further in vivo testing is planned. Herein, we discuss the unique design of the HeartWare miniature ventricular assist device, our feasibility study of its performance, and the possibilities for its use in human beings.
Bulk Micromachined 6H-SiC High-g Piezoresistive Accelerometer Fabricated and Tested (2002)

High-g accelerometers are needed in certain applications, such as in the study and analysis of high-g impact landings and projectiles. Also, these accelerometers must survive the high electromagnetic fields associated with the all-electric vehicle technology needed for aerospace applications. The choice of SiC is largely due to its excellent thermomechanical properties over conventional silicon-based accelerometers, whose material properties inhibit applicability in high electromagnetic radiation and high temperatures (&gt;150 C) unless more complex and sometimes costly packaging schemes are adopted. This work was the outcome of a NASA Glenn Research Center summer internship program, in collaboration with Cornell University and the Munitions Directorate of the U.S. Air Force in Eglin, Florida. It aimed to provide the enabling technology infrastructure (modeling, fabrication, and validation) for the implementation of SiC accelerometers designed specifically for harsh environments.
The Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Cdc6-2 Protein, the Putative Helicase Loader, Dissociates the Minichromosome Maintenance Helicase (2008)

The Cdc6-1 and -2 proteins from the archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus were previously shown to bind the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase. It is shown here that Cdc6-2 protein dissociates the MCM complex. This observation supports the hypothesis that the Cdc6-2 protein functions as a helicase loader.
Scanning Force Microscopy of Small Ligand−Nucleic Acid Complexes:  Tris(o-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) as a Test for a New Assay (1997)

An understanding of DNA−ligand interactions at the molecular level is important for the design of new drugs and probes that can recognize specific DNA sequences and structural motifs. Interestingly, determining the mode-of-binding of a DNA ligand is not always straightforward due to uncertainties inherent in traditional assays. We have recently reported an exciting new assay utilizing scanning force microscopy (SFM) that can discern whether a ligand binds to DNA by intercalative or nonintercalative modes [Coury et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996, 93, 12283−12286]. Visualization of individual DNA molecules by SFM and observation of ligand-induced lengthening provides direct evidence for intercalation. Metal complexes of polypyridyl ligands have been extensively studied as new probes of DNA structure and function because they exist as chiral molecules with the potential of enantioselective recognition of DNA. The binding mode of even the most widely studied of the members of this group, tris(o-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) (Ru(phen)32+), remains somewhat controversial due in large part to its low binding affinity. We report here the use of Ru(phen)32+ as a test of our new assay toward the studies of weakly-binding ligands and to resolve the ambiguity surrounding the mode-of-binding of Δ and Λ-Ru(phen)32+. Experiments reported here reveal that the experimental conditions of our assay do not preclude the binding of Ru(phen)32+ to DNA and that NO lengthening occurs. Our findings are consistent with the view that Ru(phen)32+ binds to duplex nucleic acids through nonintercalative modes.
Nanoparticles with photoinduced precipitation for the extraction of pollutants from water and soil (2015)

Nanotechnology may offer fast and effective solutions for environmental clean-up. Herein, amphiphilic diblock copolymers are used to develop a platform of photosensitive core-shell nanoparticles. Irradiation with ultraviolet light removes the protective layer responsible for colloidal stability; as a result, the nanoparticles are rapidly and irreversibly converted to macroscopic aggregates. The associated phase separation allows measuring the partitioning of small molecules between the aqueous phase and nanoparticles; data suggests that interactions are enhanced by decreasing the particle size. Adsorption onto nanoparticles can be exploited to efficiently remove hydrophobic pollutants from water and contaminated soil. Preliminary in vivo experiments suggest that treatment with photocleavable nanoparticles can significantly reduce the teratogenicity of bisphenol A, triclosan and 17α-ethinyl estradiol without generating obviously toxic byproducts. Small-scale pilot experiments on wastewater, thermal printing paper and contaminated soil demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials Of Tuina/Massage (STRICTOTM): Extending the CONSORT statement (2023)

The working group hopes that the STRICTOTM, in conjunction with both the CONSORT statement and extension for nonpharmacologic treatment, can improve the reporting quality and transparency of Tuina/Massage clinical research.
Oceanapins A–F, Unique Branched Ceramides Isolated from the Haplosclerid Sponge Oceanapia cf. tenuis of the Coral Sea (1994)

Abstract A series of ceramides, called oceanapins A–F ( 2–7 ), which are unique for branching at both the sphingosine and fatty‐acid chains, have been isolated as pure compounds from the haplosclerid sponge Oceanapia cf. tenuis of the Coral Sea. Following acid hydrolysis, both the fatty‐acid and the sphingosine portions were obtained separately, which allowed their unequivocal structural definition. The absolute configuration was secured via protection of C(1′)–OH and Mosher's esterification at C(3′)–OH of the oceanapins.
Hydrodeoxygenation Model Compounds γ-Heptalactone and γ-Nonalactone: Density from 293 to 473 K and H2 Solubility from 479 to 582 K (2020)

Determining the H2 solubility in model compounds that represent lignocellulose derivatives is valuable for the study of upgrading processes such as hydrodeoxygenation. In this work, γ-heptalactone and γ-nonalactone are studied as model compounds at conditions relevant to hydrodeoxygenation. The solubility of H2 in the lactones was determined in the range of 479 to 582 K and 3 to 10 MPa. The solubility measurements were performed in a continuous flow setup based on the visual observation of the bubble point. Furthermore, the densities of the lactones were measured in order to provide the necessary data for the solubility calculations. The density measurements were performed from 293 to 373 K and from 0.16 to 9.9 MPa in a vibrating tube density meter. Using the measurements, a model of the density as a function of temperature and pressure was developed, obtaining average relative deviations on the order of 0.1%. Similarly, the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the Boston-Mathias modification was used to predict the H2 solubility in the lactones. A temperature-dependent model of the symmetric binary parameter of the equation of state was regressed from the data in order to improve the predictions.
Advanced Morphologic Analysis for Diagnosing Allograft Rejection (2018)

Allograft rejection remains a significant concern after all solid organ transplants. Although qualitative morphologic analysis with histologic grading of biopsy samples is the main tool employed for diagnosing allograft rejection, this standard has significant limitations in precision and accuracy that affect patient care. The use of endomyocardial biopsy to diagnose cardiac allograft rejection illustrates the significant shortcomings of current approaches for diagnosing allograft rejection. Despite disappointing interobserver variability, concerns about discordance with clinical trajectories, attempts at revising the histologic criteria and efforts to establish new diagnostic tools with imaging and gene expression profiling, no method has yet supplanted endomyocardial biopsy as the diagnostic gold standard. In this context, automated approaches to complex data analysis problems-often referred to as "machine learning"-represent promising strategies to improve overall diagnostic accuracy. By focusing on cardiac allograft rejection, where tissue sampling is relatively frequent, this review highlights the limitations of the current approach to diagnosing allograft rejection, introduces the basic methodology behind machine learning and automated image feature detection, and highlights the initial successes of these approaches within cardiovascular medicine.
Elastic modulus of posts and the risk of root fracture (2009)

The definition of an optimal elastic modulus for a post is controversial. This work hypothesized that the influence of the posts' elastic modulus on dentin stress concentration is dependent on the load direction. The objective was to evaluate, using finite element analysis, the maximum principal stress (sigma(max)) on the root, using posts with different elastic modulus submitted to different loading directions. Nine 3D models were built, representing the dentin root, gutta-percha, a conical post and the cortical bone. The softwares used were: MSC.PATRAN2005r2 (preprocessing) and MSC.Marc2005r2 (processing). Load of 100 N was applied, varying the directions (0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees) in relation to the post's long axis. The magnitude and direction of the sigma(max) were recorded. At the 45 degrees and 90 degrees loading, the highest values of sigma(max) were recorded for the lowest modulus posts, on the cervical region, with a direction that suggests debonding of the post. For the 0 degrees loading, the highest values of sigma(max) were recorded for higher modulus posts, on the apical region, and the circumferential direction suggests vertical root fracture. The hypothesis was accepted: the effect of the elastic modulus on the magnitude and direction of the sigma(max) generated on the root was dependent on the loading direction.
Unifying Genericity: Combining the Benefits of Virtual Types and Parameterized Classes (1999)

. Generic types in programming languages are most often supported with various forms of parametric polymorphism, i.e. functions on types. Within the framework of object-oriented languages, virtual types present an alternative where specic types are derived from generic ones using inheritance rather than function application. While both mechanisms are statically safe and support basic genericity, they have very dierent typing properties, each of them providing for the description of useful relationships, which are not expressible with the other. In this paper we present, through the use of examples, a mechanism for describing generic classes: structural virtual types. This mechanism is essentially a merger of parameterized classes and virtual types and includes the bene ts of both, in particular retaining mutual recursion and covariance of virtual types as well as the function-like nature of parameterized classes. 1 Introduction The term genericity in our use covers the ...
Digging deeper: Buried layers and interfaces studied by modified total electron yield and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2022)

We report on the soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of thin film capacitors using a modified total electron yield detection mode. This mode utilizes two ammeters instead of one as commonly employed in the classical total electron yield scheme to measure photocurrents of devices under soft x-ray irradiation. The advantage of this configuration over the surface sensitive classical total electron yield mode is that it can provide information from buried layers and interfaces up to a thickness equal to the penetration depth of soft x-rays. The method can be easily adapted to existing synchrotron end stations. We investigate dielectric capacitors with dissimilar electrodes to assess the feasibility of the modified total electron yield method. Furthermore, in operando soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements are performed on ferroelectric capacitors under bias and using two ammeters. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the external and internal photoemission processes and their distribution in thin film capacitors under an external bias condition. The proposed detection method opens the way to perform electronic and chemical state analyses of the buried interfaces and layers in various devices like multiferroic tunnel junctions, memristive devices, etc., during operation under an applied bias.
One step microwave-assisted synthesis of nanocrystalline WOx–ZrO2 acid catalysts (2016)

One-step microwave synthesis allows one to tune WO<sub>x</sub> species and ZrO<sub>2</sub> polymorphs showing different activities in acid reactions.
<title>Pulsed-laser-deposited coatings for stiction and wear reduction in MEMS devices</title> (1999)

A wide variety of thin layer coatings have been reported for inhibiting the occurrence of post-release stiction in MEMS. Hydrophobic coatings such as self-assembled monolayers perform this function very well, but have a limited lifetime due to eventual generation of wear-induced damage. On the other hand, metallic oxides with superior wear resistance are hydrophilic in character, making them prone to stiction in humid environments. This paper describes the investigation of several dielectric materials as potential candidates for hydrophobic coatings with good wear resistant properties. Films were grown using a combination of vacuum deposition techniques, including enhanced variations of pulsed laser deposition. Contact angle and hardness measurements were performed on flat single crystal wafers for evaluation of film properties, and initial trials on a lateral friction test structure developed at Sandia National Laboratories were performed.
Notice of Removal: Insight into the plasma membrane resealing and calcium signaling dynamics of sonoporation (2017)

Removed.
Peroxide Sensors for the Fission Yeast Stress-activated Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway (2001)

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe stress-activated Sty1p/Spc1p mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase regulates gene expression through the Atf1p and Pap1p transcription factors, homologs of human ATF2 and c-Jun, respectively. Mcs4p, a response regulator protein, acts upstream of Sty1p by binding the Wak1p/Wis4p MAP kinase kinase kinase. We show that phosphorylation of Mcs4p on a conserved aspartic acid residue is required for activation of Sty1p only in response to peroxide stress. Mcs4p acts in a conserved phospho-relay system initiated by two PAS/PAC domain-containing histidine kinases, Mak2p and Mak3p. In the absence of Mak2p or Mak3p, Sty1p fails to phosphorylate the Atf1p transcription factor or induce Atf1p-dependent gene expression. As a consequence, cells lacking Mak2p and Mak3p are sensitive to peroxide attack in the absence of Prr1p, a distinct response regulator protein that functions in association with Pap1p. The Mak1p histidine kinase, which also contains PAS/PAC repeats, does not regulate Sty1p or Atf1p but is partially required for Pap1p- and Prr1p-dependent transcription. We conclude that the transcriptional response to free radical attack is initiated by at least two distinct phospho-relay pathways in fission yeast.
5G-Enabled Smart Manufacturing -- A booklet by 5G-SMART (2022)

In this booklet the most important learnings and key results of 5G-SMART in the area of smart manufacturing are summarized.
Thermostability of Subpopulations of H2N3 Influenza Virus Isolates from Mallard Ducks (2010)

Maintenance of avian influenza virus in waterfowl populations requires that virions remain infectious while in the environment. Temperature has been shown to negatively correlate with persistence time, which is the duration for which virions are infectious. However, thermostability can vary between isolates regardless of subtype, and it is not known whether this variation occurs when host and geographic location of isolation are controlled. In this study, we analyzed the thermostabilities of 7 H2N3 viruses isolated from mallard ducks in Alberta, Canada. Virus samples were incubated at 37 degrees C and 55 degrees C, and infectivity titers were calculated at different time points. Based on the rate of infectivity inactivation at 37 degrees C, isolates could be grouped into either a thermosensitive or thermostable fraction for both egg- and MDCK-grown virus populations. Titers decreased more rapidly for isolates incubated at 55 degrees C, and this loss of infectivity occurred in a nonlinear, 2-step process, which is in contrast with the consensus on thermostability. This suggests that stock samples contain a mixture of subpopulations with different thermostabilities. The rate of decrease for the sensitive fraction was approximately 14 times higher than that for the stable fraction. The presence of subpopulations is further supported by selection experiments and plaque purification, both of which result in homogenous populations that exhibit linear decreases of infectivity titer. Therefore, variation of thermostability of influenza virus isolates begins at the level of the population. The presence of subpopulations with high thermostability suggests that avian viruses can persist in water longer than previously estimated, thus increasing the probability of transmission to susceptible hosts.
On the electromagnetic fields produced by marine frequency domain controlled sources (2009)

In recent years, marine controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) has found increasing use in hydrocarbon exploration due to its ability to detect thin resistive zones beneath the seafloor. Although it must be recognized that the quantitative interpretation of marine CSEM data over petroleum-bearing formations will typically require 2-D surveys and 2-D or 3-D modelling, the use of the 1-D approximation is useful under some circumstances and provides considerable insight into the physics of marine CSEM. It is the purpose of this paper to thoroughly explore the 1-D solutions for all four fundamental source types—vertical and horizontal, electric and magnetic dipole (VED, HED, VMD and HMD)—using a set of canonical reservoir models that encompass brine to weak to strong hydrocarbon types. The paper introduces the formalism to solve the Maxwell equations for a 1-D structure in terms of independent and unique toroidal and poloidal magnetic modes that circumscribe the salient diffusion physics. Green's functions for the two modes from which solutions for arbitrary source current distributions can be constructed are derived and used to obtain the electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by finite VED, HED, VMD and HMD sources overlying an arbitrary 1-D electrical structure. Field behaviour is analysed using the Poynting vector that represents the time-averaged flow of energy through the structure and a polarization ellipse decomposition of the triaxial seafloor EM field that is a complete field description. The behaviour of the two EM modes using unimodal VED and VMD sources is presented. The paper closes by extending these results to the bimodal HED and HMD sources.