gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient Melting of a Metal Plate by a Penetrating Plasma Arc (1987)

A study was performed on the heat transfer and the fluid flow during transient melting of a metal plate subjected to stationary, penetrating plasma-arc heating. An integral method of solution was used for this simplified, first-order simulation of plasma-arc metal processing. The results of the study reveal the importance of the workpiece thickness, plasma-penetrating hole size, and gravity on the melting process and the molten fluid flow. The study also shows that plasma-arc metal processing seems to be a low-efficiency manufacturing process with only 7 percent of the plasma energy contributing to the melting.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A triggered a fast-to-slow muscle fiber-type conversionviaregulating FoxO1 in myocytes (2022)

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the main bioactive component of safflower and has been reported to have significant health-promoting abilities. However, the regulation of HSYA on different types of skeletal myofibers is largely unknown. Here, <i>in vitro</i> experiments found that the water extract of safflower could significantly increase MyHC I, MB and Tnni1 mRNA expression while downregulating MyHC IIb mRNA expression. Furthermore, HSYA triggered fast-to-slow fiber-type switching and increased gene expression related to mitochondrial biosynthesis both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Autodock analyses proved that FoxO1 is a potential target of HSYA, and qRT-PCR and western blotting further showed that HSYA significantly promoted the activation of the FoxO1 signaling pathway. Additionally, the levels of PGC1α, downstream of FoxO1, also significantly increased after HSYA treatment. Together, our findings suggested that HSYA triggered a fast-to-slow myofiber-type shift through the FoxO1 signaling pathway.
Interactive global illumination in complex and highly occluded environments (2003)

Global illumination algorithms have traditionally been very time consuming and were only suitable for off-line computations. Recent research in realtime ray tracing has improved global illumination performance to allow for illumination updates at interactive rates. However, both the traditional off-line and the new interactive systems show significant limitations when dealing with realistically complex scenes containing millions of surfaces, thousands of light sources, and a high degree of occlusion.In this paper, we present an importance sampling technique that has specifically been designed for such environments. Our method maintains a rough estimate of the importance of each light source with respect to the current view using a crude path tracing step. This estimate is then used to focus computations to the most important light sources. In addition to speeding up the computation our approach minimizes the working set of the ray tracer by only touching geometry that is relevant to the current view. This allows us to directly and efficiently render scenes such as entire buildings with many thousand of light sources at interactive rates with full global illumination.
Ionizing Radiation Induced Luminescence (2022)

Luminescent materials for ionizing radiation measurements consist of the host material and the dopant for luminescence centers. Interaction probabilities of ionizing radiation depend on the species of ionizing radiation and matter under investigation. In some research, the scintillation light yield is calculated by the area intensity of the radioluminescence spectrum, and this is generally incorrect because radioluminescence intensity is not a quantitative but a qualitative value. This chapter describes the model of scintillation, which sometimes contains thermal energy dissipation, but it does not consider that a significant amount of carrier is stored at trapping centers. In storage luminescence, such as thermally stimulated luminescence and optically stimulated luminescence explained in this chapter, analysis is done by the rate equation. The chapter introduces common characterization techniques for ionizing radiation induced luminescence phenomena. Transmittance and absorbance measurements are common characterization techniques for phosphors, because we can obtain the absorption bands of materials by this measurement.
British Asian narratives of urban space (2007)

Ethnic segregation is at the centre of debates about ‘race’ and ‘difference’, integration and citizenship in multicultural Britain. This paper critically examines discourses of segregation and challenges interpretations based on cultural ‘otherness’, normative assumptions about patterns of social and spatial integration and the ‘whiteness’ of the city. Drawing on research in Leeds and Bradford, the paper presents insights into how British Asians perceive, and make sense of, the spaces in which they are living and through which they are being enjoined to disperse. Their narratives of the city reveal multiple readings of ethnic segregation, the multi‐ethnic inner city and the suburbs.
Reach Extension with Lattice Precoding for Optical PAM Transmission in Data Center Networks (2017)

We apply an improved version of Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP), called lattice precoding (LP), to intensity modulation & direct detection (IM/DD) in short-reach optical fiber communications for data center network (DCN). We show that LP offers a significant gain greater than 6 dB over conventional methods and reach expansion by up to 21%.
Nearfield threshold criteria for structure determination of weak phase objects (1993)

The common computations of wave phenomena, in particular, of diffraction suffer from several drawbacks which are in- herent to the approximations applied. These are circumvented when replacing Kirchhoff s formula by the Chapman-Kolmo- gorov equation. The discrete analogue of this new representation of Huygens' principle is a physically based, one-step, ex- plicit algorithm which may be realized as a electrical network, a correlated random walk, or a cellular automaton.
Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at s=7 TeV (2012)

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.
How can AI Automate End-to-End Data Science? (2019)

Data science is labor-intensive and human experts are scarce but heavily involved in every aspect of it. This makes data science time consuming and restricted to experts with the resulting quality heavily dependent on their experience and skills. To make data science more accessible and scalable, we need its democratization. Automated Data Science (AutoDS) is aimed towards that goal and is emerging as an important research and business topic. We introduce and define the AutoDS challenge, followed by a proposal of a general AutoDS framework that covers existing approaches but also provides guidance for the development of new methods. We categorize and review the existing literature from multiple aspects of the problem setup and employed techniques. Then we provide several views on how AI could succeed in automating end-to-end AutoDS. We hope this survey can serve as insightful guideline for the AutoDS field and provide inspiration for future research.
Exploring the limits of semiconductor-laser-based optical frequency combs (2019)

We report a study on the performance limits of stabilized optical frequency combs from semiconductor mode-locked diode lasers. Operating characteristics such as the number of comb lines, comb tooth linewidth, the physical parameters that affect the independent control of pulse repetition rate and offset frequency, and the potential for self-stabilization, are explored.
Digital AI Based Formulation Development Platform for Crankcase Lubricants (2022)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In lubricating and specialty oil industries, blending is routinely used to convert a finite number of distillation cuts produced by a refinery into a large number of final products matching given specifications regarding viscosity, flash point, pour point or other properties of interest. To find the right component ratio for a blend, empirical or semi-empirical equations linking blend characteristics to those of the individual components are used.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Mathematically, the problem of finding the right blend composition boils down to solving a system of equations, often non-linear ones, linking the desired properties of the blend with the properties and percentage of the blend components.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This approach can easily be extended to crankcase lubricants, in which case major blend constituents are base oils, additive packages, and viscosity index improvers. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools allow accurate predictions of the basic physicochemical properties of such blends. This allows one to speed up formulation development as the number of test blends and the amount of testing can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, formulation price optimization is possible, taking into account available raw material inventories, shared use of certain raw materials across a number of finished products, etc. There also are tools for price capping that allow blenders to counter risks associated with supply disruptions and price volatility.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;After completing the “virtual” formulation development, the candidate lubricant properties are fed into the engine tribology simulation block that allows predictions of advanced properties, such as performance in mandatory API and/or ACEA engine test sequences. With the current state-of-the-art, only fuel economy and wear protection can be predicted with sufficient accuracy, for instance the top ring wear (TRW) in Cummins ISM test or Sequence VI FEI. The effect of friction modifiers is factored in using empirical quantifiers for the friction modifier efficacy, depending on which the asperity-asperity friction contribution obtained using the EHD tribology simulations is adjusted. Other difficult to predict properties - cleanliness, cam wear, tappet wear, soot, carbon deposits, etc - require co-processing of large amounts of experimental data and application cases. This is where machine-learning algorithms come handy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the present communication, the application of AI tools is demonstrated with a focus on ACEA 2021 engine oil development. The AI Formulator Assistant software developed by SBDA using the industry standard CRISP-DM (CRoss Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) platform keeps record of all tests - including failed ones - and uses this information to continuously improve its predictive power.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Versatile Auxiliary Regressor with Generative Adversarial network (VAR+GAN) (2018)

Being able to generate constrained samples is one of the most appealing applications of the deep generators. Conditional generators are one of the successful implementations of such models wherein the created samples are constrained to a specific class. In this work, the application of these networks is extended to regression problems wherein the conditional generator is restrained to any continuous aspect of the data. A new loss function is presented for the regression network and also implementations for generating faces with any particular set of landmarks is provided.
A Unique Temporary Bond Solution Based on a Polymeric Material Tacky at Room Temperature and Highly Thermally Resistant Application Extension from 3D-SIC to FO-WLP (2017)

Among the technological developments pushed by the adoption of Through Silicon Vias and 3D Stacked IC technologies, wafer thinning on a temporary carrier has become a critical element in device processing over the past years. First generation of adhesive materials enabled the integration of the first devices at the expense of capping the thermal budget. Hence new generation materials are being explored to overcome this limitation and further bring the process complexity down.
Analysis of tetra- and hepta-nucleotides motifs promoting -1 ribosomal frameshifting in Escherichia coli (2014)

Programmed ribosomal -1 frameshifting is a non-standard decoding process occurring when ribosomes encounter a signal embedded in the mRNA of certain eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes. This signal has a mandatory component, the frameshift motif: it is either a Z_ZZN tetramer or a X_XXZ_ZZN heptamer (where ZZZ and XXX are three identical nucleotides) allowing cognate or near-cognate repairing to the -1 frame of the A site or A and P sites tRNAs. Depending on the signal, the frameshifting frequency can vary over a wide range, from less than 1% to more than 50%. The present study combines experimental and bioinformatics approaches to carry out (i) a systematic analysis of the frameshift propensity of all possible motifs (16 Z_ZZN tetramers and 64 X_XXZ_ZZN heptamers) in Escherichia coli and (ii) the identification of genes potentially using this mode of expression amongst 36 Enterobacteriaceae genomes. While motif efficiency varies widely, a major distinctive rule of bacterial -1 frameshifting is that the most efficient motifs are those allowing cognate re-pairing of the A site tRNA from ZZN to ZZZ. The outcome of the genomic search is a set of 69 gene clusters, 59 of which constitute new candidates for functional utilization of -1 frameshifting.
A Wideband, Quasi-Isotropic, Kilometer-Range FM Energy Harvester for Perpetual IoT (2019)

Unlike conventional energy harvesters that are tuned to individual frequencies and are directional, the proposed wideband (23% fractional bandwidth), omnidirectional system harvests from all FM towers in vicinity. Hence, it does not require each sensor node to be carefully aligned to any one source and makes itself suited for mass-deployment applications such as precision agriculture and structural health monitoring. It harvests as much as 923 μW on a rooftop at 1.54 km from an FM tower while retaining omnidirectionality partly thanks to the proposed antenna, which has a wider bandwidth and a higher measured gain (2.0 dBi) than the commercial reference wideband antenna. It achieves competitive efficiency (56%) and sensitivity (-17 dBm) while retaining wideband operation rather than being specifically optimized to individual frequencies. The system (fabricated on low-cost FR4) harvested outside ambient FM energy indoors at the same 1.54-km location to power a wireless sensor node without needing to shut down periodically.
Devices for an integrated Silicon Photonics platform (2015)

In this paper we present details of an integrated modulator /driver combination to achieve up to 30Gb/s, with an extinction ratio in excess of 4dB, as well as a novel fabrication tolerant multiplexer.
Safe multi-agent motion planning via filtered reinforcement learning (2022)

We study the problem of safe multi-agent motion planning in cluttered environments. Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning-based motion planners only provide approximate safety enforcement. We propose a safe reinforcement learning algorithm that leverages single-agent reinforcement learning for target regulation and a subsequent convex optimization-based filtering that ensures the collective safety of the system. Our approach yields a safe, real-time implementable multi-agent motion planner that is simpler to train and enforces safety as hard constraints. Our approach can handle state and control constraints on the agents, and enforce collision avoidance among themselves and with static obstacles in the environment. Numerical simulations and hardware experiments show the efficacy of the approach.
Fast detection of coherent signals using pre-conditioned root-MUSIC based on Toeplitz matrix reconstruction (2015)

This paper presents a fast approach for detecting coherent signals encountered in mul-tipath propagation environment. The developed approach utilizes a Toeplitz matrix reconstruction method along with DOA estimation using Root-MUSIC. The proposed approach exhibits several features such as robustness, high accuracy, and computational efficiency. Nevertheless, the primary advantage of the proposed Toeplitz-based de-correlation scheme is the fast detection of the maximum possible number of coherent signals, without the need of iteration and re-estimation.
Coercivity and magnetization process versus dipolar coupling in Ni80Fe20/Cu/Co/Cu spin valves (1994)

The elaboration of four different sample types, namely, isolated NiFe or Co layers in their Cu environment and full, exchange decoupled, [Cu/NiFe/Cu/Co/Cu] periods with either the Co or NiFe layers in the vicinity of the free surface has allowed for a detailed study of the magnetization process of the constitutive layers of one period of a ‘‘hard–soft’’-type spin valve. The domain distribution and magnetization fluctuations within domains have been monitored by Kerr microscopy. The experiments point to a strong influence of dipolar coupling on the properties of the soft permalloy layer, with a dramatic increase of the NiFe film coercive field with respect to the corresponding quantity in an isolated NiFe layer. The macromagnetization fluctuations detected in the NiFe layer appear most likely linked to fluctuations of low amplitude occurring in the Co layer in the vicinity of the NiFe coercive field.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Novel Chemosensitive Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers to Targeted Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2.6MB, Genome-wide association with in vitro chemosensitivity to targeted regimens: FRB (A), FXB (B), FRC (C), and FXC (D). Association of SNPs with the inhibition ratio was tested by linear regression analysis. P-values of &lt; 0.001 are indicated by red dots. FRB, FOLFIRI + bevacizumab; FXB, FOLFOX + bevacizumab; FRC, FOLFIRI + cetuximab; FXC, FOLFOX + cetuximab.&lt;/p&gt;
Experiments directed towards synthesis of complex glycosphinogolipids: Ganglioganglioside GQ1b1 (1994)

Abstract
MOCVD-grown InAs/GaAs quantum dots (2003)

We discuss a growth technique for producing a high quality quantum dot (QD) ensemble that has both high QD density and low defect density. The growth conditions under which the QDs nucleate, are optimized to form high density QDs with few defects, however, it is very difficult to prevent coalescence completely. Pausing the AsH<sub>3</sub> flow for a few seconds after nucleation allows surface adatoms to migrate from poly-crystalline defect sites where the bond strengths are weak to crystalline QD sites. We will discuss statistical analysis based on atomic force microscope (AFM) images, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and electroluminescence (EL) to characterize the effects of AsH<sub>3</sub> pauses on the QD density and crystallographic shape. Ground state PL from capped QDs is measured at 1.38 &mu;m with a 40 meV linewidth. We demonstrate lasing from the first excited state under room-temperature pulsed characteristics.
Solid freeform fabrication as a method for creation of structures with multiple materials (2003)

Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) methods enable the creation of new structures with multiple materials. While the ability to put any material in any location during the building process allows the freedom to create most any combination, it does not readily suggest the best combination for a given task. The performance demands of a structural member differ from those of a sensor and hence would have different criteria for optimal structures. The methods used herein begin to show how the interaction of the different materials impacts their performance experimentally and can be modeled to determine preferred structures. In this work structures were formed by SFF comprising multiple materials with two areas examined: metal-ceramic monoliths and embedded polymer sensors within composite structures. The Metal-ceramic monoliths consisted of a SFF ceramic preform which was subsequently infiltrated with metal resulting in a graded structure, pure ceramic on one side and nearly pure metal on the other. These structures showed improved toughness over pure ceramic structures when tested in bending. Different metal-ceramic interface gradings were modeled based on the experimental samples, including variations of ceramic content. The model showed that the optimal structure was dependent on the orientation during mechanical testing, or application, as well as the ceramic content of the monolith. Embedded poly vinylidene fluoride (PVF2) sensors were used to monitor internal stresses in composite systems. The PVF2 sensors were shown to be capable of detecting damage over the range light tapping to severe impact. More importantly the sensors were able to detect barely visible impact damage (BVID), which can lead to deterioration of mechanical performance without visible evidence. Additionally the PVF2 sensors were used to monitor cure of epoxy systems by sensing the modulus of the matrix. It was shown that for a fixed impact level the sensor response varied as the relative modulus of matrix to sensor changed. Modeling confirmed that when the sensor modulus is much higher than the matrix the stress level in the sensor is higher. The model also showed that the stress level in the sensor is dependent on the geometry and loading, with smaller sensors performing better.
Improved affinity AFP-specific T cell receptor for hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Meeting abstracts We have previously demonstrated that an improved affinity TCR generated against NYESO-1 has shown remarkable efficacy in clinical studies in multiple myeloma ([NCT01352286][1]). The same TCR is also being tested in synovial sarcoma ([NCT01343043][2]), melanoma ([NCT01350401][3])
Shaped 3D microcarriers for adherent cell culture and analysis (2018)

Standard tissue culture of adherent cells is known to poorly replicate physiology and often entails suspending cells in solution for analysis and sorting, which modulates protein expression and eliminates intercellular connections. To allow adherent culture and processing in flow, we present 3D-shaped hydrogel cell microcarriers, which are designed with a recessed nook in a first dimension to provide a tunable shear-stress shelter for cell growth, and a dumbbell shape in an orthogonal direction to allow for self-alignment in a confined flow, important for processing in flow and imaging flow cytometry. We designed a method to rapidly design, using the genetic algorithm, and manufacture the microcarriers at scale using a transient liquid molding optofluidic approach. The ability to precisely engineer the microcarriers solves fundamental challenges with shear-stress-induced cell damage during liquid-handling, and is poised to enable adherent cell culture, in-flow analysis, and sorting in a single format.