gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of Molybdenum Oxide for Industrial Solar Cells (2020)

Abstract Molybdenum oxide thin films are successfully deposited using spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD), a tool designed for high‐throughput industrial film growth. The structural and optical properties of the film are evaluated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. To demonstrate the applicability of molybdenum oxide in industrial settings the films are applied as hole‐selective silicon heterojunction contacts for solar cells. When paired with intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layers, implied open‐circuit voltages of 699 mV are achieved. The carrier transport is unaffected by low‐temperature contact anneals up to 300 °C with contact resistivities of ≈ 10 mΩ cm 2 . Finally, the optical performance of silicon solar cells featuring different front hole‐selective heterojunction structures are simulated. It is shown that the generation current density of heterojunction solar cells can be significantly increased with the addition of SALD molybdenum oxide contacts.
416 Analysis of interaction between grouser and soil using DEM (Distinct Element Method) (2009)

In design of tracked vehicles that run on non-pavement road or soft ground, it is important to analyze the interaction between a machine and soil. In this research, attention is focused on the interaction under front-idler, that is, traction soil by a grouser in driving system. To validate the interaction simulation between a grouser and soil by using DEM soil model, 3-dimensional traction simulations and experiments were carried out. Comparing the results of the simulations and experiments, soil behavior and qualitative tendency of traction resistance conformed well. Therefore, it could be found that the soil model is validated.
Iron-Strapped Porphyrins with Carboxylic Acid Groups Hanging over the Coordination Site: Synthesis, X-ray Characterization, and Dioxygen Binding (2017)

A series of myoglobin active site analogues were synthesized and characterized to investigate the dioxygen binding effects of a flexible distal strap over the coordination site. These four synthetic models differ mostly by the shape and polarity of their cavities and also possibly by motion of the distal strap attached to two of the meso carbon atoms. Each of the four models has an intramolecular nitrogen base that axially binds the iron(II) cation inside the porphyrin, but they differ either by the nature of the distal strap or by its mobility. The overhanging distal group is either a generally apolar ethyl malonate group or a polar malonic acid group which is also a strong H-bond donor. It is shown that, in the ferrous complex 2b bearing such an overhung malonic acid group in close proximity to the iron atom, the equilibrium rate for dioxygen binding is significantly enhanced in comparison to that of its ester precursor. In the case of the analogous complex 1b bearing a more mobile distal strap, one of the carboxylic acid groups binds the iron(II) cation, leading to a six-coordinate ferrous complex. Unexpectedly, this complex proved to be high-spin (S = 2) as shown by solid-state magnetic measurements. Whereas this unprecedented complex still binds dioxygen, the formation of the intramolecular six-coordinate complex precluded the measurement of its dioxygen affinity through direct quantitative gas titration monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. However, in this case, the determination of the kinetic rate constants for dioxygen binding and dissociation by laser flash photolysis allowed the evaluation of the equilibrium rate. Together with three previous X-ray structures of iron complexes in the ααββ conformation, the structure of the cavity and the shape of the relaxed distal strap are also discussed with the consideration of the resolution of X-ray structures of two different free-base ligands in the ααββ conformation, with one bearing the ethyl malonate group and the second one bearing the malonic acid group. A third X-ray structure of the analogous ligand with the overhanging ethyl malonate group in the αβαβ series allows a direct comparison of the distal strap in both geometries. This work reveals that the compound with the overhanging carboxylic acid group which cannot directly interact with the ferrous heme exhibits an increased dioxygen affinity by 2 orders of magnitude versus its ester precursor.
Effects of Postetching Treatment on Molecular-Pore-Stacking/Cu Interconnects for 28 nm Node and Beyond (2011)

The effects of postetching treatment (PET) using carbon-containing gas on molecular-pore-stacking (MPS)/Cu interconnects were investigated. By using this technology, a 5% reduction in wiring capacitance was obtained as a result of the hardening of exposed MPS at the trench bottom. Via-chain yield improvement was also confirmed as a result of eliminating of etching residues in via-holes. These results indicate that high production yield and reliability can be obtained by PET for 28-nm-node complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices and beyond.
GreenCharge: Managing RenewableEnergy in Smart Buildings (2013)

Distributed generation (DG) uses many small on-site energy harvesting deployments at individual buildings to generate electricity. DG has the potential to make generation more efficient by reducing transmission and distribution losses, carbon emissions, and demand peaks. However, since renewables are intermittent and uncontrollable, buildings must still rely, in part, on the electric grid for power. While DG deployments today use net metering to offset costs and balance local supply and demand, scaling net metering for intermittent renewables to a large fraction of buildings is challenging. In this paper, we explore an alternative approach that combines market-based electricity pricing models with on-site renewables and modest energy storage (in the form of batteries) to incentivize DG. We propose a system architecture and optimization algorithm, called GreenCharge, to efficiently manage the renewable energy and storage to reduce a building's electric bill. To determine when to charge and discharge the battery each day, the algorithm leverages prediction models for forecasting both future energy demand and future energy harvesting. We evaluate GreenCharge in simulation using a collection of real-world data sets, and compare with an oracle that has perfect knowledge of future energy demand/harvesting and a system that only leverages a battery to lower costs (without any renewables). We show that GreenCharge's savings for a typical home today are near 20%, which are greater than the savings from using only net metering.
P1‐063: Significant Improvement in Memory and Quality of Life After Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation: A Randomized, Controlled, Single‐Blind Pilot Study With Dementia (2016)

Previous mouse-model investigations of photobiomodulation (PBM) for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have demonstrated biomarker reductions, improved behavior. This is the first human study to investigate the effects of PBM on memory and quality of life (QoL) issues associated with dementia/AD. This was a randomized, single-blind, controlled study of 12 weeks of PBM with a 4-week no-treatment follow-up in 19 participants with impaired memory who responded to a local newspaper advertisement. In-clinic treatment with an 810 nm, light-emitting diode (LED) combined transcranial and intranasal PBM device (total power 515 mW) or sham equivalent was delivered 2x/week for 2 weeks, then weekly for 10 weeks. On non-clinic days during the treatment phase, participants self-administered treatment at home with an 810 nm intranasal device (13 mW) or sham equivalent. Memory and cognition were assessed using MMSE and ADAS-cog at Baseline, at Week 12; and follow-up after 4 weeks of no treatment. Mean(SD) baseline MMSE and ADAS-cog scores were 18.4(9.37) and 32.1(21.41) in the active group, (n=13, 10M, 3F) compared with 25.8(4.36) and 14.8(7.91) in the sham group (n=6, 5M, 1F). Since these were significantly different (p<0.1 for both), data were analyzed by baseline MMSE. In the baseline MMSE 0-24 subgroup, Week 12 scores were significantly improved for the 8 participants on active treatment: MMSE increased 2.00 points (p=0.03, 2-tailed) and ADAS-cog decreased 5.00 points (p=0.03). The only sham participant in this subgroup dropped out before post-baseline assessment. Slight declines in performance were noted at follow-up after 4 weeks of no treatment. In the baseline MMSE 25-30 subgroup, mean changes at Week 12 in MMSE and ADAS-cog were 1.80 and -2.27 in the active group (n=5), versus 1.50 and -3.67 in the sham group (n=5). None of the within-group or between-group comparisons were statistically significant for this milder group. Qualitative feedback from participants and caregivers in the active group reported better sleep, fewer angry outbursts and decreased anxiety, and wandering. No adverse events related to treatment were reported. The large significant improvements in cognitive functioning, QoL and lack of adverse events suggest that PBM therapy may show promise in treatment of individuals experiencing dementia/AD.
A dynamic control of human telomerase holoenzyme (2019)

ABSTRACT Human telomerase functions in maintaining genome stability by adding telomeric repeats to the termini of linear chromosomes. Past studies have revealed profound insights into telomerase functions. However, low abundance of functional telomerase and difficulty in quantifying its activity leave partially characterized its thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Using a newly developed method to count individual extension products, we demonstrate that human telomerase holoenzymes contain fast- and slow-acting catalytic sites. Surprisingly, both active sites become inactive after two consecutive rounds of catalysis. The fast active sites turn off ~40-fold quicker than the slow ones and exhibit higher affinity to substrates. In dimeric enzymes, the two sites work in tandem with the faster site functioning before the slower one. In monomeric enzymes, the active sites also perform single-run catalysis. Interestingly, the inactive enzymes can be reactivated by intracellular telomerase-activating factors (iTAFs) available in multiple cell types. Together, the single-run catalysis and the iTAF-triggered reactivation serve as a novel control circuit to ensure that the telomerase holoenzymes are dynamically controlled to match their number of active sites with the number of telomeres they extend. Such exquisite kinetic control of telomerase activity is expected to play important roles in cell division and ageing.
On the relationships between user profiles and navigation sessions in virtual communities: A data-mining approach (2004)

In this paper the analysis and Data-Mining of a large data-set related to a very popular Italian Virtual Community is presented. The Community is constituted by more than half-million registered users, each characterized by a unique nickname and a pe
Supplemental Video 1 from Visualization of Activated T Cells by OX40-ImmunoPET as a Strategy for Diagnosis of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (2023)

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Effect of Leupeptin, a Protease Inhibitor, on Induction of BladderTumors in Rats by N-Butyl-N- (4-hydroxybutyl ) nitrosamine23 (1976)

Leupeptin, isolated from Actinomycetes, is a potent and specific inhibitor of proteases. We found that the administration of leupeptin enhanced that size of urinary bladder tumors induced in rats by the oral administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN). BBN was given as a 0.05% solution in the drinking water for 6 weeks, and then animals were fed a diet with or without 0.1% leupeptin for 30 weeks. The average weight of the bladders with tumors in rats fed a leupeptin diet was about eight times that of rats on a diet without leupeptin, though the incidences and average numbers of tumors in the bladders were similar in the two groups.
Photoresist dissolution into a CO 2 compatible salt and CO 2 solution: investigation of processing conditions (2007)

New lithographic techniques are being implemented to help further reduce feature sizes in microelectronics. A technique for the development of standard extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresists in a carbon dioxide compatible salt (CCS) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) solution is being investigated to reduce line edge roughness and image collapse of high aspect ratio features.<sup>1,2</sup> To understand the kinetics and overall mechanism of photoresist dissolution into the high pressure CCS/scCO<sub>2</sub> solution, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was previously used to measure the effects of temperature, pressure, and density on the photoresist removal rate.<sup>3,4 </sup>In this paper, the effects of a CO<sub>2</sub> drying step before development and an adhesive coating on the photoresist removal rate and the formation of residual photoresist droplets were studied at 50°C and 5000 psi. The results implied that neither the CO<sub>2</sub> drying step nor the HMDS coating had an effect on the bulk photoresist removal rate. It was also found that using an HMDS adhesive coating reduces residual photoresist droplet size on the substrate due to the lower substrate / photoresist surface energy.
Annexin A2 mediates collagen VI secretion, pulmonary elasticity, and bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis (2013)

The annexins are an evolutionarily conserved family of phospholipid-binding proteins of largely unknown function. We observed that the AnxA2(-/-) lung basement membrane specifically lacks collagen VI (COL6), and postulated that ANXA2 directs bronchial epithelial cell secretion of COL6, an unusually large multimeric protein. COL6 serves to anchor cells to basement membranes and, unlike other collagens, undergoes multimerization prior to secretion. Here, we show that AnxA2(-/-) mice have reduced exercise tolerance with impaired lung tissue elasticity, which was phenocopied in Col6a1(-/-) mice. In vitro, AnxA2(-/-) fibroblasts retained COL6 within intracellular vesicles and adhered poorly to their matrix unless ANXA2 expression was restored. In vivo, AnxA2(-/-) bronchial epithelial cells underwent apoptosis and disadhesion. Immunoprecipitation and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that ANXA2 associates with COL6 and the SNARE proteins SNAP-23 and VAMP2 at secretory vesicle membranes of bronchial epithelial cells, and that absence of ANXA2 leads to retention of COL6 in a late-Golgi, VAMP2-positive compartment. These results define a new role for ANXA2 in the COL6 secretion pathway, and further show that this pathway establishes cell-matrix interactions that underlie normal pulmonary function and epithelial cell survival.
Thermal Expansion, Anharmonicity and Temperature‐Dependent Raman Spectra of Single‐ and Few‐Layer MoSe2 and WSe2 (2014)

We report the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of single- and few-layer MoSe2 and WSe2 in the range 77-700 K. We observed linear variation in the peak positions and widths of the bands arising from contributions of anharmonicity and thermal expansion. After characterization using atomic force microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the temperature coefficients of the Raman modes were determined. Interestingly, the temperature coefficient of the A(2)(2u) mode is larger than that of the A(1g) mode, the latter being much smaller than the corresponding temperature coefficients of the same mode in single-layer MoS2 and of the G band of graphene. The temperature coefficients of the two modes in single-layer MoSe2 are larger than those of the same modes in single-layer WSe2. We have estimated thermal expansion coefficients and temperature dependence of the vibrational frequencies of MoS2 and MoSe2 within a quasi-harmonic approximation, with inputs from first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We show that the contrasting temperature dependence of the Raman-active mode A(1g) in MoS2 and MoSe2 arises essentially from the difference in their strain-phonon coupling.
Filamentous phage assembly: membrane insertion of the major coat protein. (1981)

The assembly of filamentous bacteriophages has been studied in cells infected by wild-type and mutant phage; host mutants defective in bacteriophage assembly have also been isolated. Phage assembly takes place at the membrane, and requires insertion of the viral major coat protein. We present data on the physiology of this process and on the effects of amino acid sequence variations near to the coat protein amino terminus on membrane insertion, processing, and phage assembly.
Design of Materials with Extreme Elastic or Thermoelastic Properties Using Topology Optimization (2005)

Isotropic composites with extremal elastic or thermoelastic properties are designed using a two or three-phase topology optimization method. The elastic composites are made of two different material phases and the thermoelastic composites are made of of two different material phases and a void phase. The composite microstructures are restricted to one length-scale. The topology optimization method is used to find the distribution of material phases that extremizes an objective function (e.g., shear modulus or thermal expansion coefficient) subject to constraints, such as isotropy and volume fractions of the constituent phases, within a periodic base cell. The effective properties of the material structures are found using a numerical homogenization method based on a finite-element discretization of the base cell. The optimization problem is solved using sequential linear programming. The design method is first used to design two-phase composites with extremal values of bulk and shear moduli. The properties of the optimal composites are quite far away from theoretical bounds which is explained by the fact that we only allow one length-scale of the microstructure. Then the design method is used to design three-phase materials with extremal thermal expansion coefficients. For this case, the obtained thermal expansion coefficients are very close to theoretical bounds. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how materials with effective negative thermal expansion coefficients can be obtained by mixing two phases with positive thermal expansion coefficients and void.
Stretchable Graphene Transistors with Printed Dielectrics and Gate Electrodes (2011)

With the emergence of human interface technology, the development of new applications based on stretchable electronics such as conformal biosensors and rollable displays are required. However, the difficulty in developing semiconducting materials with high stretchability required for such applications has restricted the range of applications of stretchable electronics. Here, we present stretchable, printable, and transparent transistors composed of monolithically patterned graphene films. This material offers excellent mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, capable of use as semiconducting channels as well as the source/drain electrodes. Such monolithic graphene transistors show hole and electron mobilities of 1188 ± 136 and 422 ± 52 cm(2)/(V s), respectively, with stable operation at stretching up to 5% even after 1000 or more cycles.
Developing a Functional Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Microbial Nanoculture System Using Dimethylallylamine (2020)

Here, a novel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microbial culture system was investigated. Bacteria were encapsulated in functional and semipermeable membranes, mimicking the cell microenvironment and facilitating mass transport for interrogating microbial dynamics, thereby overcoming one of the major challenges associated with commercially available PDMS such as Sylgard 184. The hydrophobic nature and lack of control in the polymer network in Sylgard 184 significantly impede the the tunability of the transport and mechanical properties of the material as well as its usage as an isolation chamber for culturing and delivering microbes. Therefore, a novel PDMS composition was developed and functionalized with dimethylallylamine (DMAA) to alter its hydrophobicity and modify the polymer network. Characterization techniques including NMR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and sol-gel process were utilized to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the newly fabricated membranes. Furthermore, the DMAA-containing polymer mixture was used as a proof of concept to generate hydrodynamically stable microcapsules and cultivate <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells in the functionalized capsules. The membrane exhibited a selective permeability to tetracycline, which diffused into the capsules to inhibit the growth of the encapsulated microbes. The functionality achieved here with the addition of DMAA, coupled with the high-throughput encapsulation technique, could prove to be an effective testing and diagnostic tool to evaluate microbial resistance, growth dynamics, and interspecies interaction and lays the foundation for <i>in vivo</i> models.
Syndecan-4 Is Increased in Osteoarthritic Knee, but Not Hip or Shoulder, Articular Hypertrophic Chondrocytes (2019)

Even if chondrocytes clusters are seen in OA knee, hip and shoulder cartilage and hypertrophic differentiation appears in knee and hip OA articular chondrocytes, syndecan-4 synthesis only increased in knee. These findings suggest the presence of biochemical difference between articular cartilage according to their location and that syndecan-4 could be a biochemical marker specific for knee OA.
A physics-based heterojunction bipolar transistor model for integrated circuit simulation (2002)

The purpose of this research effort was to derive a physics-based dc model for a Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT). The dc model was then linearized to arrive at a small-signal model that accurately predicts the device's electrical behavior at microwave frequencies. This new model offers features not found in previous analytical or physics-based HBT models such as consideration of a cylindrical emitter-base geometry and is direct implementation into SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). The device model parameters were determined from a knowledge of the device material, geometry, and fabrication process. The model was then developed by using semiconductor physics to calculate modified parameters for the existing SPICE bipolar junction transistor (BJT) model.
New Drilling Technology Reduces Torque and Drag by Drilling a Smooth and Straight Wellbore (2003)

Abstract Torque and drag can be critical issues in drilling directional wells especially in extended reach drilling (ERD). During well planning, torque and drag must be projected to ensure the rig's rotating and hoisting equipment are adequately sized and to evaluate the limits for slide-oriented drilling motors. Depending upon formations, typical open hole friction factors (FF) used in simulation range from 0.22 in oil base mud to 0.35 in water based mud. These friction factors are scaled to a higher value than those measured in the field in order to account for tortuosity created by drilling assemblies. A new drilling technology has been developed with the objective to reduce torque and drag by drilling a smooth and straight wellbore. The technology involves extended-gauge bit design with a matched steerable motor system or a point-the-bit rotary steerable system. Friction factor was studied for North Sea's wells drilled by the conventional motor systems and by new drilling systems. Significant reductions in the actual friction factors and the tortuosity index have been seen from the wells drilled by the new drilling systems.