gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Modulates Fibroblast-Mediated Matrix Contraction and Collagen Production In Vitro (2003)

MMPs are produced during Tenon's capsule fibroblast-mediated collagen lattice contraction. Broad-spectrum MMP inhibition significantly reduced matrix contraction and production without cell toxicity. Future clinical use of MMP inhibitors may be possible, because MMP inhibition significantly reduces fibroblast functions associated with contractile scarring.
A structured fixed-rate vector quantizer derived from a variable-length scalar quantizer. I. Memoryless sources (1993)

A low-complexity, fixed-rate structured vector quantizer for memoryless sources is described. This quantizer is referred to as the scalar-vector quantizer (SVQ), and the structure of its codebook is derived from a variable-length scalar quantizer. Design and implementation algorithms for this quantizer are developed and bounds on its performance are provided. Simulation results show that performance close to that of the optimal entropy-constrained scalar quantizer is possible with the fixed-rate quantizer. The SVQ is also robust against channel errors and outperforms both Lloyd-Max and entropy-constrained scalar quantizers for a wide range of channel error probabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Turbulent Spectral Bias of Individual Realization of LDV (1991)

Abstract : Numerical studies on spectral estimates including the velocity bias in LDV signal processing are investigated with the three methods for spectral analysis. Particle arrival time statistics are modelled as a doubly stochastic Poisson process which is a conditionally Poisson process with intensity functions given velocity fields. Extended assessments of spectral estimators are scrutinized with varying the data densities, turbulent intensities and Reynolds correlations. (Author)
High-efficiency and low-loss dielectric metasurfaces on a gallium nitride platform (2018)

Epitaxial GaN on sapphire is a promising material platform for low-loss, nonlinear and active metasurfaces at visible wavelengths. We experimentally demonstrate high efficiency dielectric metasurfaces with beam bending and polarization splitting functionalities on this platform.
Current practices for QSP model assessment: an IQ consortium survey (2022)

Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) modeling is increasingly applied in the pharmaceutical industry to influence decision making across a wide range of stages from early discovery to clinical development to post-marketing activities. Development of standards for how these models are constructed, assessed, and communicated is of active interest to the modeling community and regulators but is complicated by the wide variability in the structures and intended uses of the underlying models and the diverse expertise of QSP modelers. With this in mind, the IQ Consortium conducted a survey across the pharmaceutical/biotech industry to understand current practices for QSP modeling. This article presents the survey results and provides insights into current practices and methods used by QSP practitioners based on model type and the intended use at various stages of drug development. The survey also highlights key areas for future development including better integration with statistical methods, standardization of approaches towards virtual populations, and increased use of QSP models for late-stage clinical development and regulatory submissions.
Illumination design patterns for homogenization and color mixing (2019)

Abstract In illumination optics, color mixing is a key design task, but the realization can be a challenge. While tunable light sources based on multiple LEDs are commonplace, color homogenization is just as important for white LEDs, due to their spatial and angular color variation. In this tutorial, we first look at color mixing from an abstract, phase space-based viewpoint. From there, we derive a taxonomy of color mixing problems: How is the multi-color light source composed? What kind of homogeneity is required in the target? How is the homogenization influenced by source and target étendue? We categorize these problems and we present a toolbox: A selection of optical design elements, e.g. mixing rods and fly’s eye arrays, and we show for each design pattern how it fits into the taxonomy.
Silicon Photonic Components and Networks (2011)

Significant progress in silicon photonics has led to flattop filters, polarization independence, low power modulators and switches, and low dark current germanium detectors. Future challenges reside in implementing silicon photonic networks.
Reciprocal Screw-Based Force-Closure of Cable-Driven Closed Chains (2011)

Extensive research has been conducted in force-closure analysis of single rigid-bodied cable-driven platforms, and very recently of cable-driven open chains. However, force-closure analysis of cable-driven closed chains is still an open question. For the case of an n-DOF closed chain driven by cables, two important questions arise: (i) How can force-closure analysis be carried out for a given cable routing configuration while retaining the geometric insights of the problem? (ii) Are n+1 cables sufficient to fully constrain the entire closed chain? This paper will address these issues and propose a systematic and novel approach based on the reciprocal screw theory. The proposed methodology can analyze closed chains with arbitrary cable routings and the analysis shows that an n-DOF closed chain requires a minimum of n+1 cables to fully constrain it.
Removal of chlorinated and non-chlorinated alkanes in a trickle-bed biofilter (1998)

Increasing restrictions in emissions from a variety of industrial settings demand low cost removal of dilute contaminants in air. Many of these contaminants such as volatile organic components (VOCs) and sulfur compounds are biodegradable and can be removed from air streams via biofiltration. The simplest form of biofiltration consists of compost-based systems. More advanced systems designed for unique contaminants are biofilters with bioactive structured packing operating in trickle-bed mode. These advanced systems rely on a microbial consortium capable of degrading the contaminants of concern and the consortium usually is isolated or enriched from a more complex microbial mixture. This paper describes the use of a trickle-bed reactor seeded with a microbial consortium enriched from a methanotrophic culture. The microbial consortium has been found to degrade chlorinated alkanes as the sole carbon source. Degradation rates of alkane mixtures are presented for the trickle-bed as well as results from batch cultures experiments designed to study degradation of various chlorinated and non-chlorinated VOCs.
A New Synchronous Current Regulator and an Analysis of Current-Regulated PWM Inverters (1986)

Detailed models are presented for the stationary and synchronous sine-triangle current regulators. Analytical and test results are compared for purposes of model verification and regulator evaluation. The results demonstrate the limitations of the two most often used current regulators and the robustness of the synchronous current regulator. The stationary sine-triangle and hysteretic current regulators are shown to have steady-state characteristics that depend on slip, operating frequency, and motor impedance. In contrast the synchronous regulator, because it lacks these dependencies, exhibits ideal steady-state current regulator characteristics without sacrificing bandwidth. Moreover, the complexities traditionally associated with the synchronous regulator are overcome with a simple equivalent implementation.
Pendent Polyimides using Mellitic Acid Dianhydride. IV. Effect of Increased Zirconium-Pendent Group Content on Polymer Properties (2008)

For co-polyimides (PIs) of mellitic acid dianhydride, 1,3-aminophenoxybenzene and 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride, Zr-pendent group content could be increased to 50% (mol) improving atomic oxygen (AO) resistance while retaining good film properties. Spectral data are consistent with expected structures. Intrinsic viscosities of 0.54—0.60 dL g —1 and average molecular weights of 111 000—122 000 g mol — 1 estimated from gel permeation chromatography confirm the polymeric nature of co-polyamic acid precursors. Nuclear magnetic resonance integrations and amounts of thermogravimetric analysis residue verify pendent group concentrations. Increasing Zr-pendent group concentration from 10 to 50% (mol) caused glass transition temperatures to increase (198—245 ° C), decomposition temperatures to decrease (518—455 ° C), and the number of film layers able to be fabricated prior to crack formation to decrease (10 to 8). These numbers of layers were much higher than those for other PIs with comparable Zr-pendent group concentrations. Increased pendent group concentration caused the amount of protective oxide layer formed upon AO exposure to increase.
Type I Interferon Receptor Deficiency Prevents Murine Sjögren’s Syndrome (2013)

In Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), inherent glandular defects, autoimmunity, and mononuclear cell infiltration within the salivary glands cause reduced salivation leading to xerostomia. Excessive production of type I interferons (IFN), triggered by environmental and genetic factors, is considered pathogenic in this disorder. However, whether type I IFN production is causative or an outcome of the disease process is not known. To address this question, we introduced a deficiency of interferon alpha receptor 1 (Ifnar1) into B6.Aec1Aec2 mice, which are known to have the genetic loci necessary for developing a SS-like disorder. This new mouse strain, B6.Aec1Aec2Ifnar1 (-/-), lacking type I IFN-mediated signaling, was characterized for pilocarpine-induced salivation, the presence of serum autoantibodies, sialoadenitis, and dacryoadenitis. Compared with the B6.Aec1Aec2Ifnar1 (+/+) (wild-type) mice, the B6.Aec1Aec2Ifnar1 (-/-) (knockout) mice had significantly lower mononuclear cell infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands. The knockout mice were completely protected from salivary gland dysfunction. Surprisingly, they had a robust autoantibody response comparable with that of the wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that, in the absence of type I IFN-mediated signaling, systemic autoantibody responses can be dissociated from glandular pathology. Our study suggests that, in genetically susceptible individuals, the type I IFN pathway can instigate certain features of SS.
Effects of Thymoquinone–Fatty Acid Conjugates on Cancer Cells (2009)

4-Acylhydrazones and 6-alkyl derivatives of thymoquinone (TQ) were tested for growth inhibition of human HL-60 leukemia, 518A2 melanoma, KB-V1/Vbl cervix, and MCF-7/Topo breast carcinoma cells. Unsaturated side chains conferred greater activities than equally long saturated chains. The number of C==C bonds was less decisive than chain length. The 6-hencosahexaenyl conjugate 3 e was most active in all resistant tumor cells, with IC(50) (72 h) values as low as 30 nM in MCF-7/Topo cells. The conjugates are likely to operate by mechanisms different from that of TQ. For instance, 3 e induced distinct caspase-independent apoptosis in HL-60 and 518A2 cells concomitant with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and a subsequent rise in the levels of reactive oxygen species.
A molecular water-oxidation catalyst derived from ruthenium diaqua bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA molecular water-oxidation catalyst derived from ruthenium diaqua bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid)Francois P. Rotzinger, Shekhar Munavalli, Pascal Comte, James K. Hurst, Michael Graetzel, Fu Jann Pern, and Arthur J. FrankCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 22, 6619–6626Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00256a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00256a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1398Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of internal crack propagation in silicon due to permeable pulse laser irradiation: study on processing mechanism of stealth dicing (2010)

Stealth dicing (SD) is an innovative dicing method developed by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. In the SD method, a permeable nanosecond laser is focused inside a silicon wafer and scanned horizontally. A thermal shock wave propagates every pulse toward the side to which the laser is irradiated, then a high dislocation density layer is formed inside the wafer after the thermal shock wave propagation. In our previous study, it was concluded that an internal crack whose initiation is a dislocation is propagated when the thermal shock wave by the next pulse overlaps with this layer partially. In the experimental result, the trace that a crack is progressed gradually step by step was observed. In this study, the possibility of internal crack propagation by laser pulses was investigated. A two-dimensional thermal stress analysis based on the linear fracture mechanics was conducted using the stress distribution obtained by the axisymmetric thermal stress analysis. As a result, the validity of the hypothesis based on a heat transfer analysis result previously presented was supported. Also it was concluded that the internal crack is propagated by at least two pulses.
HyU: Hybrid Unmixing for longitudinal in vivo imaging of low signal-to-noise fluorescence (2023)

The expansion of fluorescence bioimaging toward more complex systems and geometries requires analytical tools capable of spanning widely varying timescales and length scales, cleanly separating multiple fluorescent labels and distinguishing these labels from background autofluorescence. Here we meet these challenging objectives for multispectral fluorescence microscopy, combining hyperspectral phasors and linear unmixing to create Hybrid Unmixing (HyU). HyU is efficient and robust, capable of quantitative signal separation even at low illumination levels. In dynamic imaging of developing zebrafish embryos and in mouse tissue, HyU was able to cleanly and efficiently unmix multiple fluorescent labels, even in demanding volumetric timelapse imaging settings. HyU permits high dynamic range imaging, allowing simultaneous imaging of bright exogenous labels and dim endogenous labels. This enables coincident studies of tagged components, cellular behaviors and cellular metabolism within the same specimen, providing more accurate insights into the orchestrated complexity of biological systems.
Ancient origin of fucosylated xyloglucan in charophycean green algae (2021)

The charophycean green algae (CGA or basal streptophytes) are of particular evolutionary significance because their ancestors gave rise to land plants. One outstanding feature of these algae is that their cell walls exhibit remarkable similarities to those of land plants. Xyloglucan (XyG) is a major structural component of the cell walls of most land plants and was originally thought to be absent in CGA. This study presents evidence that XyG evolved in the CGA. This is based on a) the identification of orthologs of the genetic machinery to produce XyG, b) the identification of XyG in a range of CGA and, c) the structural elucidation of XyG, including uronic acid-containing XyG, in selected CGA. Most notably, XyG fucosylation, a feature considered as a late evolutionary elaboration of the basic XyG structure and orthologs to the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes are shown to be present in Mesotaenium caldariorum.
Real Time Phonon Dephasing Kinetics In Calcite (1988)

The dephasing time of the 1086 cm<sup>-1</sup> mode in calcite has been measured as a function of temperature using a new innovative single shot streak camera technique that measures the phonon dephasing rate in real time. Phonon-phonon interaction models have been proposed and tested to explain the temperature dependence of the experimentally measured dephasing time. It is found that multiphonon splitting and scattering processes involving at least four phonons substantially contribute to the dephasing of the 1086 cm<sup>-1</sup> mode in calcite.
Mathematical Modeling of Ultradeep Sequencing Data Reveals that Acute CD8 + T-Lymphocyte Responses Exert Strong Selective Pressure in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques but Still Fail To Clear Founder Epitope Sequences (2010)

The prominent role of antiviral cytotoxic CD8(+) T-lymphocytes (CD8-TL) in containing the acute viremia of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and SIV) has rationalized the development of T-cell-based vaccines. However, the presence of escape mutations in the acute stage of infection has raised a concern that accelerated escape from vaccine-induced CD8-TL responses might undermine vaccine efficacy. We reanalyzed previously published data of 101,822 viral genomes of three CD8-TL epitopes, Nef(103-111)RM9 (RM9), Tat(28-35)SL8 (SL8), and Gag(181-189)CM9 (CM9), sampled by ultradeep pyrosequencing from eight macaques. Multiple epitope variants appeared during the resolution of acute viremia, followed by the predominance of a single mutant epitope. By fitting a mathematical model, we estimated the first acute escape rate as 0.36 day(-1) within escape-prone epitopes, RM9 and SL8, and the chronic escape rate as 0.014 day(-1) within the CM9 epitope. Our estimate of SIV acute escape rates was found to be comparable to very early HIV-1 escape rates. The timing of the first escape was more highly correlated with the timing of the peak CD8-TL response than with the magnitude of the CD8-TL response. The transmitted epitope decayed more than 400 times faster during the acute viral decline stage than predicted by a neutral evolution model. However, the founder epitope persisted as a minor population even at the viral set point; in contrast, the majority of acute escape epitopes were completely cleared. Our results suggest that a reservoir of SIV infection is preferentially formed by virus with the transmitted epitope.
Distributed resource allocation in full-duplex cellular networks with partial spectrum overlap (2018)

The feasibility of resource allocation schemes is a major challenge in the practical implementation of wireless systems. Decentralized resource allocation is one such feasibility requirement, as it yields optimized schemes when no centralized processing is possible. This paper evaluates one particular type of decentralized interference management schemes in a full-duplex (FD) cellular network. Consider an FD cellular network that allows flexible partial overlap between the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) frequency channel. The channel overlap generates self-interference, cross-mode interference and intra-mode interference. The performance of the system becomes, therefore, a function of the powers allocated at each base station (BS)-user pair, and the fraction of spectrum overlap between the DL and UL of each communicating pair. The paper considers the problem of maximizing a network-wide utility function subject to power constraints, so as to appropriately fine-tune the spectrum overlap and the transmit powers in a distributed manner across the network. The paper proposes solving the problem using the externalities approach, which can be implemented in a distributed fashion with a reasonable amount of information exchange between the network entities. The paper further examines three types of utility functions: the sum of log-rate, the network spectral efficiency, and the energy efficiency, so as to clearly describe the trade-off between the achieved rate, the consumed power, and UL/DL fairness in the FD setup. Simulation results highlight the convergence of the proposed distributed algorithm, and illustrate its performance under different utilities as compared to centralized solutions for various networks scenarios.
Enhanced aggregability of human red blood cells by diving. (1998)

In vitro studies have shown that mild pressure increases red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. Enhanced RBC aggregation in pathologic states can drive the circulation into stasis. This investigation examined the effects of pressure on RBC aggregation in human volunteers. The hypothesis tested is that RBC aggregation is increased during hyperbaric exposure. Eleven subjects participated in dives to 300 feet of seawater (fsw) in a man-rated chamber complex. Blood samples were taken at the surface, at 66 fsw, and at 300 fsw. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures one-way analysis of variance for a complete randomized design. Statistical significance was achieved at P < 0.05. Data are expressed as mean +/- SEM. The median aggregate size (number of RBC/aggregate) of RBCs was significantly increased at depth. At a shear stress of 0.1 dyne/cm2, median aggregate size was 12.0 +/- 2.1, 33.0 +/- 7.3, and 48.8 +/- 10.8 at the surface, at 66 fsw, and at 300 fsw, respectively. These results show that mild pressure increases RBC aggregation in the human circulation.
FoxO1 regulates allergic asthmatic inflammation through regulating polarization of the macrophage inflammatory phenotype (2016)

Inflammatory monocyte and tissue macrophages influence the initiation, progression, and resolution of type 2 immune responses, and alveolar macrophages are the most prevalent immune-effector cells in the lung. While we were characterizing the M1- or M2-like macrophages in type 2 allergic inflammation, we discovered that FoxO1 is highly expressed in alternatively activated macrophages. Although several studies have been focused on the fundamental role of FoxOs in hematopoietic and immune cells, the exact role that FoxO1 plays in allergic asthmatic inflammation in activated macrophages has not been investigated. Growing evidences indicate that FoxO1 acts as an upstream regulator of IRF4 and could have a role in a specific inflammatory phenotype of macrophages. Therefore, we hypothesized that IRF4 expression regulated by FoxO1 in alveolar macrophages is required for established type 2 immune mediates allergic lung inflammation. Our data indicate that targeted deletion of FoxO1 using FoxO1-selective inhibitor AS1842856 and genetic ablation of FoxO1 in macrophages significantly decreases IRF4 and various M2 macrophage-associated genes, suggesting a mechanism that involves FoxO1-IRF4 signaling in alveolar macrophages that works to polarize macrophages toward established type 2 immune responses. In response to the challenge of DRA (dust mite, ragweed, and Aspergillus) allergens, macrophage specific FoxO1 overexpression is associated with an accentuation of asthmatic lung inflammation, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of FoxO1 by AS1842856 attenuates the development of asthmatic lung inflammation. Thus, our study identifies a role for FoxO1-IRF4 signaling in the development of alternatively activated alveolar macrophages that contribute to type 2 allergic airway inflammation.