gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential partitioning of plasma membrane proteins into the Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeleton fraction during concanavalin A-induced receptor redistribution (1989)

The plasma membrane proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum were characterized with respect to their partitioning into the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton fraction of the cell during concanavalin A-induced capping. Two fractions of plasma membrane-associated concanavalin A were identified; one that immediately associated with the cytoskeleton fraction via cell surface glycoproteins, and one that partitioned with the cytoskeleton only after extensive cell surface glycoprotein cross-linking. Three major classes of polypeptides were found in the plasma membrane that differed with respect to their partitioning properties into the cytoskeleton fraction. The temporal order of association of the polypeptides with the cytoskeleton during concanavalin A-induced capping corresponded to the strength of their association with the cytoskeleton fraction as determined by pH and ionic strength elution from unligated cytoskeletons.
Comments on "Improved Accuracy Pseudo-Exponential Function Generator With Applications in Analog Signal Processing (2009)

Recently a new CMOS current-mode pseudo-exponential function generator circuit was reported by Popa. The entire analysis and exponential function generator circuit, given in Popa's paper, is based on a current-squaring circuit module. In this comment paper we show that the current-squarer circuit, presented in Popa's paper, does not work as a current squarer. Consequently the pseudo-exponential generator also does not work as described in Popa's paper. We present a detailed mathematical analysis in this paper to derive its actual operation. Simulation results of the circuit module using Mentor Graphics custom IC design tool set, in a TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process, are also shown in this paper. Simulation results match the behavior predicted by mathematical analysis.
Increased RNA editing in maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental disease (2020)

The etiology of major neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism is unclear, with evidence supporting a combination of genetic factors and environmental insults, including viral infection during pregnancy. Here we utilized a mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) with the viral mimic PolyI:C infection during early gestation. We investigated the transcriptional changes in the brains of mouse fetuses following MIA during the prenatal period, and evaluated the behavioral and biochemical changes in the adult brain. The results reveal an increase in RNA editing levels and dysregulation in brain development-related gene pathways in the fetal brains of MIA mice. These MIA-induced brain editing changes are not observed in adulthood, although MIA-induced behavioral deficits are observed. Taken together, our findings suggest that MIA induces transient dysregulation of RNA editing at a critical time in brain development.
Cell Surface Carbohydrates Are Markers of Differentiation in Human Oral Epithelium (1991)

Carbohydrates of the epithelial cell membrane are involved in cell-cell and cell-substrate interaction, and changes are seen in relationship to cell differentiation and neoplastic transformation. The terminal part of carbohydrate structures carried on oral epithelial cells often expresses antigens of the ABO and Lewis blood group systems. The expression of these antigens are in oral mucosa genetically regulated by the A, B, H, Lewis, and secretor genes with subsequent correspondence between the blood group antigens expressed on erythrocytes and on oral epithelial cells. Variation in expression of carbohydrates is also seen in relationship to terminal differentiation in that blood group antigens and their immediate precursor structures are sequentially expressed on cells during their pathway through the epithelium. Various organs and tissues differ in their expression of cell surface carbohydrates. In oral mucosa, a close relationship is seen between the type of tissue differentiation and expression of blood group antigen; keratinized, nonkeratinized, and junctional epithelium all show different patterns of carbohydrate expression.
Urethritis in white men--a microbiological appraisal. (1977)

The incidence of infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas has been assessed in White men with urethritis who were attending a Johannesburg clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Infection with N. gonorrhoeae was demonstrated in 54% of 212 patients with urethritis. C. trachomatis was isolated from 37% of patients with non-gonococcal urethritis, and from 25% with proven gonococcal infection. Although T-mycoplasmas were isolated significantly more often from patients with urethritis (41%) than from controls (23%) (P less than 0,05) their role in the aetiology of urethritis is uncertain.
Experimental Hot Test Results from a Compact Metamaterial Slow Wave Structure (2017)

The University of New Mexico (UNM) has been studying the design of a high power microwave (HPM) slow wave structure (SWS) to generate > 100 MW of power in L-band in a very compact size. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> The unit cell of the metamaterial SWS is based on two oppositely-oriented circular, broadsidecoupled split ring resonators (SRRs) and 14 rings were ultimately used. The SRRs provide negative permeability and inserting the structure in waveguide that is below cutoff for the frequency being generated provides negative permittivity, thus yielding a branch of the dispersion curve with negative slope. HFSS was used to calculate the dispersion relation and the double negative behavior was corroborated using a parameter extraction technique proposed by Tretyakov. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> In addition, a crudely manufactured structure was experimentally cold-tested and these results also agreed with the HFSS simulations and the results from the parameter extraction technique.
A parallel signal processing technique using MOS current-mode analog circuits for smart image sensors (2002)

A parallel signal processing technique using MOS current-mode analog circuits for three-dimensional smart image sensors is proposed. The designed signal processing circuits for contour extraction require 79 transistors for each pixel. Prototype CMOS integrated circuits have been designed and the typical operation has been simulated by the SPICE program. The CMOS current-mode analog circuits are particularly suitable for the implementation of specific kinds of image processing such as linear special filtering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Meningitis and bacteraemia due to Listeria monocytogenes in compromised hosts (1981)

The clinical history of 3 adult patients infected by Listeria monocytogenes is presented. One patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia developed purulent meningitis; the 2 others had chronic renal failure and were undergoing routine haemodialysis. Of the latter, one developed meningitis and the other bacteraemia after receiving 2 blood transfusions. Immuno-suppression, or the underlying disease of the hosts, probably played a role in permitting the infection to establish itself. The rural environment may also have been conducive to the transfer of this particular, rarely infectious, micro-organism to these patients.
Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Multi−Agent Cooperation (2007)

Recent rapid advances in technology mean that robots are being used for an ever widening range of tasks. While traditional robotics tasks have typically involved robots operating individually, there is now an increasing need for development of techniques that may be useful for cooperation between robots, in other words for multi-agent cooperation. This field requires robust and versatile solutions since robots must typically operate in noisy and uncertain environments. Robot football is an increasingly popular academic discipline worldwide. The challenges offered by robot football are numerous, and solutions to robot football problems often apply to a wider range of robotics applications. This makes robot football an ideal testbed for the study of multi-agent cooperation problems. In this thesis, two areas of multi-agent cooperation are approached within the framework of robot football: collision planning and path planning. Artificial neural networks are applied to specific problems in each of these areas, and in both cases lead to an increase in performance. In the case of path planning, a novel approach is proposed. All experiments are undertaken within the simulator developed for the FIRA robot football simulation league. The results of these experiments indicate that machine learning techniques are well suited to solving multi-agent cooperation problems. Certain machine learning techniques are particularly suitable for certain types of problems. Machine learning techniques outperform non-learning techniques in a number of cases, and there is extensive scope for machine learning techniques to be applied to a wider range of collision and path planning problems, and to multi-agent collaboration problems in general.
Clinical characteristics of migraine concordant monozygotic twin pairs (2009)

The difference between migraine with and without aura is not explained entirely by genetical factors: 12 genetically identical twin pairs were discordant for the aura. The headache phase in migraine with and without aura is very similar, but not identical. Probably there are several and different liability loci for the migraine aura and the migraine headache. The distribution of these several loci along with acquired factors will decide whether the phenotype is migraine with or without aura.
Biodegradable PLGA Microspheres as a Sustained Release System for a New Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Antagonist (2006)

A sustained release poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere delivery system to treat prostate cancer for a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists, LXT-101 was prepared and evaluated in the paper. LXT-101 microspheres were prepared from PLGA by three methods: (1) double-emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation technique, (2) single-emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation technique, and (3) S/O/O (solid-in-oil-in-oil) method. The microspheres were investigated on drug loading, particle size, surface morphology and in vitro release profiles. An accelerated release approach was also established in order to expedite the evaluation periods. The in vivo evaluation of the microspheres was made by monitoring testosterone levels after subcutaneous administration to rats. The LXT-101 PLGA microspheres showed smooth and round surfaces according to a scanning electron microscopic investigation, and average particle size of ca. 30 mum according to laser diffractometry. The drug encapsulation efficiency of microspheres was influenced by LA/GA ratio of PLGA, salt concentrations, solvent mixture and preparation methods. Moreover, LA/GA ratio of PLGA, different preparation methods and different peptide stabilizers affected in vitro release of drugs. In vivo study, the testosterone levels were suppressed to castration up to 42 d as for the 7.5 mg/kg dose. And in vivo performance of LXT-101 microspheres was dose-dependent. The weights of rat sexual organs decreased and histopathological appearance of testes had little changes after 4-month microspheres therapy. This also testified that LXT-101 sustained release microspheres could exert the efficacy to suppress the testosterone level to castration with little toxicity. In conclusion, the PLGA microspheres could be a well sustained release system for LXT-101.
Retinal Prostheses (2017)

Artificial vision is restoring sight by electrical stimulation of the visual system at the level of retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate body, or occipital cortex. The development of artificial vision began with occipital cortex prosthesis; however, retinal prosthesis has advanced faster in recent years. Currently, multiple efforts are focused on finding the optimal approach for restoring vision through an implantable retinal microelectrode array system. Retinal prostheses function by stimulating the inner retinal neurons that survive retinal degeneration. In these devices, the visual information, gathered by a light detector, is transformed into controlled patterns of electrical pulses, which are in turn delivered to the surviving retinal neurons by an electrode array. Retinal prostheses are classified based on where the stimulating array is implanted (ie, epiretinal, subretinal, suprachoroidal, or episcleral). Recent regulatory approval of 2 retinal prostheses has greatly escalated interest in the potential of these devices to treat blindness secondary to outer retinal degeneration. This review will focus on the technical and operational features and functional outcomes of clinically tested retinal prostheses. We will discuss the major barriers and some of the more promising solutions to improve the outcomes of restoring vision with electrical retinal stimulation.
A Computational Investigation of Sooting Limits of Spherical Diffusion Flames (2007)

Limiting conditions for soot particle inception in spherical diffusion flames were investigated numerically. The flames were modeled using a one-dimensional, time accurate diffusion flame code with detailed chemistry and transport and an optically thick radiation model. Seventeen normal and inverse flames were considered, covering a wide range of stoichiometric mixture fraction, adiabatic flame temperature, and residence time. These flames were previously observed to reach their sooting limits after 2 s of microgravity. Sooting-limit diffusion flames with residence times longer than 200 ms were found to have temperatures near 1190 K where C/O = 0.6, whereas flames with shorter residence times required increased temperatures. Acetylene was found to be a reasonable surrogate for soot precursor species in these flames, having peak mole fractions of about 0.01.
Summary Statement: Overview of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Spine Fusion (2002)

An international panel of experts was assembled to assess the state of the field of bone morphogenetic proteins and their use for spine fusion. This article summarizes key working definitions and terms that form a framework on which to evaluate the state of the field.
Human activeness recognition by variety of rare sounds (2016)

This paper proposes a method of recognizing human activeness (i.e. being present in the room and doing something) with a single microphone. We focus on the statistical characteristics of sounds in daily situations: the sounds generated by humans are of a relatively small amount, compared with those generated by machines. Based on this observation, we propose an activeness recognition method by accumulating information on "rare sounds" extracted by unsupervised learning techniques. Also, to acquire robustness for rare environmental noises such as rain drops, the proposed method extracts "variety of rare sound" (VoRS) measures for activeness recognition. The experimental result shows the robustness of the proposed method.
Design principle of gene expression used by human stem cells: implication for pluripotency (2004)

Human embryonic stem cells (ESC) are undifferentiated and are endowed with the capacities of self-renewal and pluripotential differentiation. Adult stem cells renew their own tissue, but whether they can transdifferentiate to other tissues is still controversial. To understand the genetic program that underlies the pluripotency of stem cells, we compared the transcription profile of ESC with that of progenitor/stem cells of human hematopoietic and keratinocytic origins, along with their mature cells to be viewed as snapshots along tissue differentiation. ESC gene profiles show higher complexity with significantly more highly expressed genes than adult cells. We hypothesize that ESC use a strategy of expressing genes that represent various differentiation pathways and selection of only a few for continuous expression upon differentiation to a particular target. Such a strategy may be necessary for the pluripotency of ESC. The progenitors of either hematopoietic or keratinocytic cells also follow the same design principle. Using advanced clustering, we show that many of the ESC expressed genes are turned off in the progenitors/stem cells followed by a further down-regulation in adult tissues. Concomitantly, genes specific to the target tissue are up-regulated toward mature cells of skin or blood.
ESR evidence for disordered magnetic phase from ultra-small carbon nanotubes embedded in zeolite nanochannels (2010)

A multi-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) study provides evidence for the occurrence of low temperature ferromagnetic/spin-glass behavior in aligned arrays of sub-nanometer single walled carbon nanotubes confined in zeolite nano-channels, owing to sp2-type non-bonding carbon associated localized states with density of ~3 x 1019 /g. Features related to the much anticipated conduction ESR are not detected. In the paramagnetic phase, the ESR linewidth is found to be weakly dependent on microwave frequency.
Effects of a Gastric-Retentive Extended-Release Bile Acid Sequestrant on Esophageal Erosions in Patients With Persistent GERD: Exploratory Analysis From a Phase 2B Study of IW-3718 (2018)

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic medical disorder, characterized by symptoms and/or complications resulting from the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Approximately 30% of patients with GERD have erosive esophagitis (EE). IW-3718 is an investigational gastricretentive extended-release bile acid sequestrant designed to improve GERD symptoms by binding bile acids in the stomach and upper duodenum. The effects of IW-3718 on esophageal erosions were analyzed in a subgroup of patients with evidence of EE who participated in a recent phase 2b study of IW-3718 in patients with persistent GERD. Persistent GERD patients continue to suffer heartburn and regurgitation symptoms despite ongoing proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of GERD, taking a daily labeled dose of PPI, and experiencing GERD symptoms ≥4 days per week were randomized to receive IW-3718 (500 mg, 1000 mg, and 1500 mg) or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. Patients continued their PPI dose regimen throughout the study. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at baseline and study investigators graded patients’ EE according to the Los Angeles classification scale. Patients with EE Grade C or D at baseline were required to have a repeat EGD at Week 8 (end of study) and their EE grading was compared to baseline. Proportions of patients showing improved EE grade were compared (IW-3718 vs placebo) using a 2-sided Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of 147 randomized patients with evidence of EE, 11 had Grade C or D erosions at baseline; 10 of these patients (7 IW-3718; 3 placebo) had Week-8 EGD results. In addition, 2 patients (1 IW-3718; 1 placebo) with lower baseline grading also underwent a repeat EGD. Of the 8 IW-3718-treated patients with Week-8 EGD results, 7 (87.5%) showed an improved EE grade and 1 was unchanged; in the placebo group 1 (25.0%) improved from C to B, and 3 were unchanged or worsened (see Table) (P=0.07, IW-3718 [all doses combined] vs placebo). Conclusion: These are the first available clinical results examining the effect of a novel extended-release formulation of a gastric-retentive, bile acid sequestrant on reflux-induced EE. Despite the limitations of low patient numbers and very limited data for patients with milder EE, preliminary data from this randomized, double-blind controlled study suggest IW-3718 did not exacerbate the severity of EE and may have contributed to improvement.393 Figure 1 No Caption available.
Recent progress of large size and low dislocation bulk GaN growth (2020)

Large size and low dislocation density bulk gallium nitride (GaN) crystals were successfully grown by original acidic ammonothermal method SCAAT&trade; (Super Critical Acidic Ammonia Technology). It enabled us to obtain extremely high crystallinity true bulk GaN. In this article, 2-inch size non-polar m-plane GaN and nearly 4-inch size polar c-plane GaN were demonstrated. The dislocation and stacking fault density of m-plane GaN were in the range of 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> and 0 to 5 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of X-ray rocking curve (XRC) on (10-12) plane was 6.4 arcsec. The dislocation density of c-plane GaN was in the range of 10<sup>3</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. The off-angle distribution of nearly 4-inch size c-plane GaN was &plusmn;0.006&deg; in the span of 80 mm. The types of dislocations in the c-plane GaN were identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation. Hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) growth on the SCAA&trade; c-plane seed was carried out and obtained 2-inch wafer. The crystallinity was comparable to SCAAT&trade; seed; FWHM of XRC was less than 10 arcsec and off-angle distribution was &plusmn;0.017&deg;.
Foliar Delivery of siRNA Particles for Treating Viral Infections in Agricultural Grapevines (2021)

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a globally spreading viral infection that causes major economic losses by reducing crop yield, plant longevity and berry quality, with no effective treatment. Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is the most severe and prevalent GLD strain. Here, we evaluated the ability of RNA interference (RNAi), a non-GMO gene-silencing pathway, to treat GLRaV-3 in infected Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines. We synthesized lipid-modified polyethylenimine (lmPEI) as a carrier for long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA, 250-bp-long) that targets RNA polymerase and coat protein genes that are conserved in the GLRaV-3 genome. Self-assembled dsRNA-lmPEI particles, 220 nm in diameter, displayed inner ordered domains spaced 7.3±2 nm from one another, correlating to lmPEI wrapping spirally around the dsRNA. The particles effectively protected RNA from degradation by ribonucleases, and Europium-loaded particles applied to grapevine leaves were detected as far as 60-cm from the foliar application point. In three field experiments, a single dose of foliar administration knocked down GLRaV-3 titer, and multiple doses of the treatment kept the viral titer at baseline and triggered recovery of the vine and berries. This study demonstrates RNAi as a promising platform for treating viral diseases in agriculture.