gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
8-W-Peak Self-Pulsating Photonic-Crystal Surface Emitting Laser with Ring-Shaped Saturable Absorber (2019)

We develop a self-pulsating photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser with a ring-shaped saturable absorber inside the current injection region, and realize self-pulsation with a peak power of 8W, a pulse width of less than 100ps, and a beam divergence angle of 0.5°.
Exchange between interstitial oxygen molecules and network oxygen atoms in amorphousSiO2studied byO18isotope labeling and infrared photoluminescence spectroscopy (2011)

Amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ ($a$-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$) thermally annealed in an oxygen atmosphere incorporates oxygen molecules (O${}_{2}$) in interstitial voids. When the thermal annealing is performed in $^{18}\mathrm{O}$${}_{2}$ gas, interstitial $^{18}\mathrm{O}$${}_{2}$ as well as interstitial $^{16}\mathrm{O}$$^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$${}_{2}$ are formed due to the oxygen exchange with the $a$-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ network. The ${a}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{g}(v=0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}(v=1)$ infrared photoluminescence band of interstitial ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ was utilized to quantitatively analyze the oxygen exchange, taking into account the influences of common network modifiers in synthetic $a$-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ (SiOH, SiF, and SiCl groups). The presence of network modifiers does not significantly change the average rate of $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ transfer from interstitial ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ to the $a$-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ network and its activation energy, suggesting that the network modifiers themselves do not serve as preferential oxygen exchange sites. When the concentration of SiOH groups is low, the oxygen exchange rate is distributed, indicating that only a small part of the network oxygen atoms participates in the oxygen exchange. However, the distribution of the oxygen exchange rate is distinctly narrow in the sample with high SiOH concentration. It is attributed to the redistribution of the network $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ atoms and the modification of the $a$-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ network topology caused by reactions with mobile interstitial water molecules, which are transiently formed by dehydroxylation of paired SiOH groups. The activation energy for the average oxygen exchange rate is larger than that of the permeation of interstitial ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ in $a$-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$. Furthermore, the average exchange-free diffusion length of interstitial ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ below 900 ${}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$C ($\ensuremath{\gtrsim}$1 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m) is far larger than the scale of the interstitial voids in $a$-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ ($\ensuremath{\lesssim}$1 nm). These observations confirm that the oxygen exchange is not necessarily involved in the permeation of interstitial ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.
Thermomechanical processing of Ag-clad Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} superconductors (1993)

Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} (2212) powders were synthesized by solid-state reaction, loaded into Ag tubes, and processed into tapes by various combinations of drawing, rolling, and heat treatment. Critical current densities at 4.2 K of greater than 10{sup 5} A/cm{sup 2} were achieved from microstructures consisting of large, highly textured 2212 grains. Optimal microstructures were produced by specific mechanical-working conditions and heat-treatment schedules that incorporated solid-state and partial-melt sintering. The relationships between processing, microstructure, and critical current density will be discussed.
Mean shift and optimal prediction for efficient object tracking (2002)

A new paradigm for the efficient color-based tracking of objects seen from a moving camera is presented. The proposed technique employs the mean shift analysis to derive the target candidate that is the most similar to a given target model, while the prediction of the next target location is computed with a Kalman filter. The dissimilarity between the target model and the target candidates is expressed by a metric based on the Bhattacharyya coefficient. The implementation of the new method achieves real-time performance, being appropriate for a large variety of objects with different color patterns. The resulting tracking, tested on various sequences, is robust to partial occlusion, significant clutter, target scale variations, rotations in depth, and changes in camera position.
Data from Detection of T790M, the Acquired Resistance <i>EGFR</i> Mutation, by Tumor Biopsy versus Noninvasive Blood-Based Analyses (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The T790M gatekeeper mutation in the &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; is acquired by some &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;-mutant non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) as they become resistant to selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). As third-generation EGFR TKIs that overcome T790M-associated resistance become available, noninvasive approaches to T790M detection will become critical to guide management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; As part of a multi-institutional Stand-Up-To-Cancer collaboration, we performed an exploratory analysis of 40 patients with &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;-mutant tumors progressing on EGFR TKI therapy. We compared the T790M genotype from tumor biopsies with analysis of simultaneously collected circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; T790M genotypes were successfully obtained in 30 (75%) tumor biopsies, 28 (70%) CTC samples, and 32 (80%) ctDNA samples. The resistance-associated mutation was detected in 47% to 50% of patients using each of the genotyping assays, with concordance among them ranging from 57% to 74%. Although CTC- and ctDNA-based genotyping were each unsuccessful in 20% to 30% of cases, the two assays together enabled genotyping in all patients with an available blood sample, and they identified the T790M mutation in 14 (35%) patients in whom the concurrent biopsy was negative or indeterminate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Discordant genotypes between tumor biopsy and blood-based analyses may result from technological differences, as well as sampling different tumor cell populations. The use of complementary approaches may provide the most complete assessment of each patient's cancer, which should be validated in predicting response to T790M-targeted inhibitors. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(5); 1103–10. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Global infrastructure protection system1 (2001)

The development of new classes of distributed applications such as telephony, remote video, and virtual reality introduces new quality requirements that make inadequate even the current best-effort service model provided by international networks. Re
Recoverable Versus Unrecoverable Degradations of Gas Turbines Employed in Five Natural Gas Compressor Stations (2015)

Gas turbines (GT), like other prime movers, experience wear and tear over time, resulting in decreases in available power and efficiency. Further decreases in power and efficiency can result from erosion and fouling caused by the airborne impurities the engine breathes in. To counteract these decreases in power and efficiency, it is a standard procedure to “wash” the engine from time to time. In compressor stations on gas transmission systems, engine washes are performed off-line and are scheduled in such intervals to optimize the maintenance procedure. This optimization requires accurate prediction of the performance degradation of the engine over time. A previous paper demonstrated a methodology for evaluating various components of the GT gas path, in particular, the air compressor side of the engine since it is most prone to fouling and degradation. This methodology combines gas path analysis (GPA) to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters over the engine cycle followed by parameter estimation based on the Bayesian error-in-variable model (EVM) to filter the data of possible noise due to measurement errors. The methodology quantifies the engine-performance degradation over time, and indicates the effectiveness of each engine wash. In the present paper, the methodology was extended to assess both recoverable and unrecoverable degradations of five GT engines employed on TransCanada's pipeline system in Canada. These engines are: three GE LM2500+, one RR RB211-24G, and one GE LM1600 GTs. Hourly data were collected over the past 4 years, and engine health parameters were extracted to delineate the respective engine degradations. The impacts of engine loading, site air quality conditions, and site elevation on engine-air-compressor isentropic efficiency are compared between the five engines.
A contiguous Not I restriction map of band q22.3 of human chromosome 21. (1992)

A contiguous high-resolution NotI restriction map of the distal region of the long arm of human chromosome 21 was constructed by three strategies: linking clones to identify adjacent pieces of DNA, partial digestion to identify neighboring fragments, and cell line polymorphisms to prove identity or adjacency of DNA fragments. Twenty-nine single-copy DNA probes and five linking clone probes were used to determine the order of 30 Not I fragments, covering 10 megabases of DNA in band q22.3. Smaller Not I fragments occur preferentially in this region, suggesting that band q22.3 is unusually rich in genes, since Not I sites occur almost exclusively in CpG islands. Comparison of the physical map and genetic maps in this region reveals a 10-fold higher than average recombination frequency.
Macrophages utilize a bet-hedging strategy for antimicrobial activity in phagolysosomal acidification (2018)

Abstract Microbial ingestion by a macrophage results in the formation of an acidic phagolysosome but the host cell has no information on the pH susceptibility of the ingested organism. This poses a problem for the macrophage and raises the fundamental question of how the phagocytic cell optimizes the acidification process to prevail. We analyzed the dynamical distribution of phagolysosomal pH in murine and human macrophages that had ingested live or dead Cryptococcus neoformans cells, or inert beads. Phagolysosomal acidification produced a range of pH values that approximated normal distributions, but these differed from normality depending on ingested particle type. Analysis of the increments of pH reduction revealed no forbidden ordinal patterns, implying that phagosomal acidification process was a stochastic dynamical system. Using simulation modeling, we determined that by stochastically acidifying a phagolysosome to a pH within the observed distribution, macrophages sacrificed a small amount of overall fitness to gain the benefit of reduced variation in fitness. Hence, chance in the final phagosomal pH introduces unpredictability to the outcome of the macrophage-microbe, which implies a bet-hedging strategy that benefits the macrophage. While bet hedging is common in biological systems at the organism level, our results show its use at the organelle and cellular level.
Modeling of Integrated Renewable Hydrogen Energy Systems for Remote Applications (2005)

TRNSYS was chosen as a viable platform for performing simulations on the proposed SHES. The main components of the energy system are a photovoltaic array, PEM electrolyzer, PEM fuel cell, battery, pressurized hydrogen storage unit, controller, and electric load. The simulation code was customized in order to model the specific characteristics of proposed system components. A realistic load profile, with a daily peak of 10 kW and daily average of 2.5 kW, was chosen as an example application for the renewable energy produced by the SHES system, and system components have been designed and optimized to meet this load with zero percent system downtime. Results from simulations of two cases, one with a battery array storage capacity of 125 Ah and one with 1905 Ah, demonstrate that a system trade-off exists among size of the PV array, hydrogen storage capacity, and battery array storage capacity. A system with a smaller battery array storage capacity requires a larger PV array and hydrogen storage tank to support the system’s electricity requirements, and may be more costly. The details of this cost analysis, along with the potential to store oxygen produced by the electrolyzer and the use of metal hydrides to store hydrogen, have been left until a system cost optimization is conducted.
Applications of Flow Control to Wing High-Lift Leading Edge Devices on a Commercial Aircraft (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0656.vid Active flow control was applied to the leading edge region of a representative future short/medium-range twin-engine airplane to improve aerodynamic performance during high-lift operations. The study is aimed at enhanced lift over the practical angle of attack range, including stall, and at reduced drag. These benefits translate to airplane performance improvements, such as longer range or larger payload. Various flow control applications were explored using Computational Fluid Dynamics and the aerodynamic performance enhancements were benchmarked against the baseline configuration. The computational analyses are used to quantify aerodynamic benefits, as well as the input required for actuation. The results were used in a system integration study for identifying potential practical implementations, which are described in a companion paper. Combined with the integration analysis, the objective of this project is to identify the most promising flow control candidates that potentially provide material net airplane level enhancements using onboard fluidic sources. Depending on the implementation of active flow control, the current study indicates that up to 1.5% net improvement in L/D at takeoff and 4% increase in maximum lift during landing are potentially achievable, after accounting for factors of system integration.
Substantial Recoverable Energy Storage in Percolative Metallic Aluminum‐Polypropylene Nanocomposites (2013)

Abstract Chemisorption of the activated metallocene polymerization catalyst derived from [ rac ‐ethylenebisindenyl]zirconium dichlororide (EBIZrCl 2 ) on the native Al 2 O 3 surfaces of metallic aluminum nanoparticles, followed by exposure to propylene, affords 0–3 metal‐isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites. The microstructures of these nanocomposites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Electrical measurements show that increasing the concentration of the filler nanoparticles increases the effective permittivity of the nanocomposites to ϵ r values as high as 15.4. Because of the high contrast in the complex permittivities and conductivities between the metallic aluminum nanoparticles and the polymeric polypropylene matrix, these composites obey the percolation law for two‐phase composites, reaching maximum permittivities just before the percolation threshold volume fraction, v f ≈ 0.16. This unique method of in situ polymerization from the surface of metallic Al particles produces a new class of materials that perform as superior pulse‐power capacitors, with low leakage current densities of ≈10 −7 –10 −9 A/cm 2 at an applied field of 10 5 V/cm, low dielectric loss in the 100 Hz–1 MHz frequency range, and recoverable energy storage as high as 14.4 J/cm 3 .
Demo hour (2016)

Interactivity is a unique forum of the ACM CHI conference that showcases more than 50 cutting-edge demonstrations and inspirational interactive installations from the diverse group of researchers, designers, and artists that make up the CHI community. These works were chosen to engage audiences intellectually, imaginatively, and physically to create a critical discourse for the future of HCI. Julie R. Williamson, Amanda M. Williams, Sean White, and Cesar Torres, CHI 2016 Interactivity Chairs
Amelioration of established Sendai viral pneumonia in the nude mouse using a monoclonal antibody to the virus fusion protein. (1989)

The pathological effect of parainfluenza type I (Sendai virus) is known to be a bronchopneumonia, which becomes a chronic pneumonia in the immunodeficient athymic (nude) mouse. The severity of this established chronic pneumonia can be dramatically altered by providing the nude mouse with humoral monoclonal antibodies which are neutralizing, and are directed against the fusion protein, of the virus. The alveolitis, which is a significant part of the pathology, is suppressed due to a reduction (greater than 90%) in the number of virus-infected alveolar macrophages present in the alveoli. This clearly identifies the infected alveolar macrophage as the primary effector cell in the pathogenesis of alveolitis caused by parainfluenza virus type I. The implications of using virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, which have little immunomodulatory toxicity, in the treatment of viral pneumonias are discussed.
Understanding Fluid Complexity and Reservoir Connectivity Using Downhole Fluid Analysis in Wilcox Formation Gulf of Mexico (2016)

Abstract The development of the Wilcox formation in the Gulf of Mexico is constantly pushing technical boundaries in the oil industry. Here, ultra-deepwater wells are needed to target ultra-high pressure sub-salt reservoirs that are up to 32,000 ft below sea level. Innovative evaluation techniques and processes that could reduce reservoir uncertainties are key from prospect evaluation through field appraisal and development. In particular, detailed description of reservoir properties, fluid characterization and connectivity assessment in this challenging environment are extremely valuable. An operator is extensively utilizing wireline formation tester measurements and downhole fluid analysis (DFA), and has implemented a workflow to assess reservoir connectivity using DFA data, asphaltene nanoscience, and geochemistry in a multi-well context. The coupling of vertical and lateral fluid gradient measurements from DFA and thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of the reservoir fluids represents a powerful new method for connectivity assessment. This includes use of novel asphaltene science and the Flory-Huggins-Zuo equation of state to model equilibrium asphaltene concentration gradients in petroleum reservoirs. The workflow has been successfully implemented in all the operator's Wilcox fields to appraise both vertical connectivity of reservoir sands within individual wells and lateral connectivity throughout the field, and identify potential production challenges associated with non-equilibrated fluids. These workflows hinge on the application of the latest formation testing technology to help acquire the nearly pristine formation fluid samples required for such DFA field studies and real-time decision-making in characterizing reservoirs.
Joint channel estimation and pilot allocation in underlay cognitive MISO networks (2014)

Cognitive radios have been proposed as agile technologies to boost the spectrum utilization. This paper tackles the problem of channel estimation and its impact on downlink transmissions in an underlay cognitive radio scenario. We consider primary and cognitive base stations, each equipped with multiple antennas and serving multiple users. Primary networks often suffer from the cognitive interference, which can be mitigated by deploying beamforming at the cognitive systems to spatially direct the transmissions away from the primary receivers. The accuracy of the estimated channel state information (CSI) plays an important role in designing accurate beamformers that can regulate the amount of interference. However, channel estimate is affected by interference. Therefore, we propose different channel estimation and pilot allocation techniques to deal with the channel estimation at the cognitive systems, and to reduce the impact of contamination at the primary and cognitive systems. In an effort to tackle the contamination problem in primary and cognitive systems, we exploit the information embedded in the covariance matrices to successfully separate the channel estimate from other users' channels in correlated cognitive single input multiple input (SIMO) channels. A minimum mean square error (MMSE) framework is proposed by utilizing the second order statistics to separate the overlapping spatial paths that create the interference. We validate our algorithms by simulation and compare them to the state of the art techniques.
Star‐Like Structure of Oligocarbonate‐Fluorene End‐Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) ABA Triblock Copolymers Below the Gel Point (2015)

Summary ABA‐type oligocarbonate‐fluorene end‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) s form micelles with star‐like correlations in dilute solutions where water solvates the middle (B) poly(ethylene oxide) block. Using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), the star‐arm aggregation number and arm radius of gyration were characterized by Benoit's star‐polymer form factor under θ‐solvent conditions and by Alessandrini and Cargnano's renormalization group theory in good solvent. Model‐independent SANS Zimm plots provide the radius of gyration, micelle aggregation number, and second virial coefficient ( A 2 ) as a function of temperature. In comparison to unfunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) A 2 is consistent with predictions for self‐assembling polymers below the gelation point with a theta temperature of ≈ 75 °C.
Cavitation and Crazing in Rod-Containing Nanocomposites (2011)

Addition of nanoparticles to a polymer can drastically affect the mechanical properties and structure of the nanocomposite. Here we investigate the nucleation and growth of voids that precede craze formation and the early crazing itself by use of coarse-grained Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate the role of deformation rate, local density, local rod orientation, nonaffine displacements, and local elastic moduli. We observe that for both pure polymers and nanocomposites, regions of low local elastic modulus are more prone to failure. Additionally, it is found that Voronoi volume can anticipate void formation and that it is also a predictor of failure, particularly in composites. After the onset of crazing, it is found that nanorods incorporated into the crazes rapidly orient themselves to match the direction of the polymer fibrils, but nanorods in bulk regions remain randomly oriented. We further find that attractive rods resist incorporation into the developing crazes and that this effect is stronger with increasing rod length.
Intervento su Un nuovo catalogo di storici ellenistici (P. Oxy. LXXI, 4808). Tavola rotonda. (2013)

Two notes on the typology of the document.
A distributed opportunistic scheduling protocol for multi-channel wireless ad-hoc networks (2012)

The topic of opportunistic scheduling for wireless ad-hoc networks has been studied for single-channel networks in several recent works. Since now many wireless systems provide multiple channels for data transmission, this problem is of practical interest for networks with multiple channels. In this paper, we study the problem of opportunistic scheduling for one type of ad-hoc networks where the wireless spectrum can be divided into multiple independent sub-channels for better efficiency. We start with a naive multi-channel protocol where the scheduling scheme is working independently from sub-channel to sub-channel. We show that the naive protocol can only marginally improve the system throughput. We then develop a protocol to jointly consider the opportunistic scheduling behavior across multiple sub-channels. We characterize the optimal stopping rule and present several bounds for the system throughput of the multi-channel protocol. We show that by joint optimization of the scheduling scheme across multiple sub-channels, the proposed protocol improves the system throughput considerably in contrast to that of single-channel systems.