gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing quality-of-information in cost-sensitive sensor data fusion (2011)

This paper investigates maximizing quality of information subject to cost constraints in data fusion systems. We consider data fusion applications that try to estimate or predict some current or future state of a complex physical world. Examples include target tracking, path planning, and sensor node localization. Rather than optimizing generic network-level metrics such as latency or throughput, we achieve more resource-efficient sensor network operation by directly optimizing an application-level notion of quality, namely prediction error. This is done while accommodating cost constraints. Unlike prior cost-sensitive prediction/regression schemes, our solution considers more complex prediction problems that arise in sensor networks where phenomena behave differently under different conditions, and where both ordered and unordered prediction attributes are used. The scheme is evaluated through real sensor network applications in localization and path planning. Experimental results show that non-trivial cost savings can be achieved by our scheme compared to popular cost-insensitive schemes, and a significantly better prediction error can be achieved compared to the cost-sensitive linear regression schemes. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Decentralized Aggregation for Energy-Efficient Federated Learning via D2D Communications (2023)

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a distributed machine learning (ML) technique to train models without sharing users’ private data. In this paper, we introduce a decentralized FL scheme that is called federated learning empowered overlapped clustering for decentralized aggregation (FL-EOCD). The introduced FL-EOCD leverages device-to-device (D2D) communications and overlapped clustering to enable decentralized aggregation, where a cluster is defined as a coverage zone of a typical device. The devices located on the overlapped clusters are called bridge devices (BDs). In the proposed FL-EOCD scheme, a clustering topology is envisioned where clusters are connected through BDs, so as the aggregated models of each cluster is disseminated to the other clusters in a decentralized manner without the need for a global aggregator or an additional hop of transmission. To evaluate our proposed FL-EOCD scheme as opposed to baseline FL schemes, we consider minimizing the overall energy-consumption of devices while maintaining the convergence rate of FL subject to its time constraint. To this end, a joint optimization problem, considering scheduling the local devices/BDs to the CHs and computation frequency allocation, is formulated, where an iterative solution to this joint problem is devised. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FL-EOCD algorithm over FL conventional schemes in terms of energy consumption, latency, and convergence rate.
Magnetic field ion mitigation for EUV light sources (2005)

Fast ions from laser-produced EUV plasma are expected to significantly damage the collector mirror, which is located near the plasma in a EUV light source. Ion sputtering of the multilayer structure may be the main damage mechanism but layer boundary mixing and surface roughness increase are also observed from a Xe plasma exposure experiment. The magnetic field ion mitigation technology was evaluated in order to extend the collector mirror lifetime. A coil pair that produces a maximum static magnetic field of 0.6 T on the coil axis was used for magnetic confinement of ions. Liquid Xe jets of 10 to 30 micron mater in diameter were used as a plasma target. Spatial distributions and energy distributions of ions were measured with Faraday cups and time-of-flight measurements respectively. The effectiveness of the magnetic field ion mitigation was evaluated by measuring the erosion rate with a quartz crystal microbalance. A significant decrease of the Faraday cup signal was monitored by applying a magnetic field of 0.6 T. Though target size dependence on magnetic field effectiveness was observed, measured erosion rate was reduced to less than 10% by applying 0.6-T magnetic field in the case of 10-micron mater Xe jet and 300-mJ Nd:YAG laser irradiation.
AVFSM (2016)

A finite state machine (FSM) is responsible for controlling the overall functionality of most digital systems and, therefore, the security of the whole system can be compromised if there are vulnerabilities in the FSM. These vulnerabilities can be created by improper designs or by the synthesis tool which introduces additional don't-care states and transitions during the optimization and synthesis process. An attacker can utilize these vulnerabilities to perform fault injection attacks or insert malicious hardware modifications (Trojan) to gain unauthorized access to some specific states. To our knowledge, no systematic approaches have been proposed to analyze these vulnerabilities in FSM. In this paper, we develop a framework named Analyzing Vulnerabilities in FSM (AVFSM) which extracts the state transition graph (including the don't-care states and transitions) from a gate-level netlist using a novel Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) based approach and quantifies the vulnerabilities of the design to fault injection and hardware Trojan insertion. We demonstrate the applicability of the AVFSM framework by analyzing the vulnerabilities in the FSM of AES and RSA encryption module. We also propose a low-cost mitigation technique to make FSM more secure against these attacks.
Nonpathogenic Bacteria Affecting Oviposition Behavior in the Onion Fly12 (1982)

Journal Article Nonpathogenic Bacteria Affecting Oviposition Behavior in the Onion Fly Get access J. A. Hough, J. A. Hough 3 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York 14456 3 Department of Entomology. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. J. Eckenrode, C. J. Eckenrode 3 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York 14456 3 Department of Entomology. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. E. Harman G. E. Harman 4 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York 14456 4 Department of Seed and Vegetable Sciences. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 11, Issue 3, 1 June 1982, Pages 585–589, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/11.3.585 Published: 01 June 1982 Article history Received: 07 May 1981 Published: 01 June 1982
Performance Characterization of Hitachi HD-2300A STEM with Dual-EDS Configuration (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Robotic Optical Coherence Tomography of Human Subjects with Posture-Invariant Head and Eye Alignment in Six Degrees of Freedom (2023)

Ophthalmic optical coherence tomography (OCT) has achieved remarkable clinical success but remains sequestered in ophthalmology specialty offices. Recently introduced robotic OCT systems seek to expand patient access but fall short of their full potential due to significant imaging workspace and motion planning restrictions. Here, we present a next-generation robotic OCT system capable of imaging in any head orientation or posture that is mechanically reachable. This system overcomes prior restrictions by eliminating fixed-base tracking components, extending robot reach, and planning alignment in six degrees of freedom. With this robotic system, we show repeatable subject imaging independent of posture (standing, seated, reclined, and supine) under widely varying head orientations for multiple human subjects. For each subject, we obtained a consistent view of the retina, including the fovea, retinal vasculature, and edge of the optic nerve head. We believe this robotic approach can extend OCT as an eye disease screening, diagnosis, and monitoring tool to previously unreached patient populations.
Connecting post-pulsing electrical and microstructural features in GeTe-based inline phase change switches (2018)

Plan view scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the microstructural connections to device resistance in inline phase change switch devices. It was revealed that massive structural changes occur in GeTe during switching, most notably the formation of an assembly of voids along the device centerline and large GeTe grains on either side of an “active region.” Restructuring of this variety was tied to changes in ON-state resistance with increasing pulse number, where initially porous and fine-grained (10-20 nm) GeTe was converted to large crystalline domains comprising the majority of the RF gap (400-700 nm). A phenomenological model for this microstructure is presented in which the OFF pulse melts a given width of GeTe, and upon cooling crystalline material outside the melt region acts as a template for an inward-propagating crystalline growth front. The voids observed along the device centerline were correlated to increasing OFF state resistance and a relatively stable ON state with increasing pulse number via a series resistance model. As a result of this analysis, OFF state resistance was suggested as an early indicator of device reliability. An improved GeTe deposition process was implemented to limit void formation, which is shown to have a more stable OFF-state resistance with increasing pulse number.
Targeted delivery of ribavirin improves outcome of murine viral fulminant hepatitis via enhanced anti-viral activity (2006)

Side effects of interferon–ribavirin combination therapy limit the sustained viral response achievable in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Coupling ribavirin to macromolecular carriers that target the drug to the liver would reduce systemic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hemoglobin–ribavirin conjugate (HRC 203) in murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3) induced viral hepatitis. HRC 203 had greater anti-viral activity on both isolated hepatocytes and macrophages, whereas both ribavirin and HRC 203 inhibited production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by macrophages. In vivo , untreated MHV-3–infected mice all developed clinical and biochemical signs of acute viral hepatitis and died by day 4 post infection. Livers recovered from untreated infected mice showed greater than 90% necrosis. In contrast, survival was enhanced in both ribavirin- and HRC 203–treated mice with a marked reduction in biochemical [ALTmax 964 ± 128 IU/L (ribavirin); 848 ± 212 IU/L (HRC 203)] and histological evidence of hepatic necrosis (&lt;10% in ribavirin/HRC 203 vs. 90% in untreated controls). Clinically, HRC 203–treated mice behaved normally, in contrast to ribavirin-treated mice, which developed lethargy and abnormal fur texture. In conclusion , targeted delivery of ribavirin to the liver alters the course of MHV-3 infection as demonstrated by prolonged survival, improved behavior, and reduced signs of histologically evident disease, as well as inhibition of viral replication and production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro . (Hepatology 2006;43:581–591.)
A New Solution to Eliminate Free Surface Related Multiples in Multicomponent Streamer Recordings (2014)

Summary We present a new method for the elimination of free surface related multiples in marine seismic data. The method can be applied to datasets that contain both pressure and vertical component of particle velocity recordings. It is based on using a time domain finite difference propagator to generate equivalent data that would be recorded if the free surface above the source and receiver level were replaced by a halfspace with the properties of the water layer, so that all upgoing events radiate outwards instead of being reflected by the sea surface. The interaction with the unknown subsurface geology is taken into account through the use of exact boundary conditions along the acquisition level where we use the recorded data as Green’s functions.
The Clinical Utility of Whole Blood Versus Plasma Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Assays for Monitoring Therapeutic Response (2010)

When treating CMV disease, enhanced detection of residual viremia using a whole blood real-time PCR does not seem to offer significant clinical advantages nor allows for better prediction of recurrence of CMV viremia or disease. The treat-to-negative paradigm may not hold true when such assays are used.
Motexafin gadolinium: a redox active drug that enhances the efficacy of bleomycin and doxorubicin. (2001)

The effect of motexafin gadolinium (MGd), a redox mediator, on tumor response to doxorubicin (Dox) and bleomycin (Bleo) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. MES-SA human uterine sarcoma cells were studied in vitro using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide viability assay. Rif-1, a murine fibrosarcoma cell line, was studied using a clonogenic survival assay. Tumor growth delay assays were performed using the EMT-6 murine mammary sarcoma cell line in BALB/c mice. MGd (25-100 microM) produced dose-dependent enhancement of Bleo cytotoxicity to MES-SA cells. The IC(50) for Bleo was reduced by approximately 10-fold using 100 microM MGd. In clonogenic assays using Rif-1 cells, MGd enhanced the activity of Bleo approximately 1000-fold. This effect was shown to be mediated, in part, by MGd inhibition of potentially lethal damage repair. MGd enhanced the tumor response to bleomycin and Dox in vivo. MGd had no significant effect on the systemic exposure to Dox (expressed in terms of the plasma area under the curve, 0-24 h) and did not increase Dox myelosuppression. MGd enhanced the effectiveness of the redox active drugs, Bleo and Dox.
Crafting a Java virtual machine in silicon (2001)

The aJile family of low-power, single-chip, embedded Java microcontrollers provides an efficient platform for embedded and real-time Java execution. The aJile CPU hardware provides direct support for the entire JVM instruction set and thread model, obviating the need for a Java interpreter or just-in-time compiler, as well as the traditional RTOS. aJile's hardware technology also supports multiple JVM contexts executing on the same CPU, enhancing safety and security by guaranteeing space and time allotments for multiple Java applications. Combined with a Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) runtime and a back-end target build tool, these technologies allow the development of real-time embedded applications entirely in Java.
Implementation of automated fine-granularity locking in a persistent programming language (2000)

To gain broader acceptance, Persistent Programming Languages (PPL) need a better integration of the transaction paradigm. Much like database systems, computations should all run in the context of a transaction; the transactional properties should be applied to all objects irrespective of their type and lifetime, and they must be enforced automatically via safe and efficient mechanisms. This requires lock managers that can cope with the requirement for automated locking in a PPL. This paper reports our design and implementation of such lock managers and the accompanying machinery that a PPL must incorporate to automate locking. Our innovative ingredients for an efficient lock management recipe are a close collaboration with the memory manager of the PPL and the sharing of lock data structures of equal value between locked objects. Sharing such lock values has numerous benefits: it makes the space consumption of locking negligible and independent of the number of locks, which frees transactions of any restriction on the volume of locks that they can use; it eliminates the need for expensive book-keeping of locks by transactions; and it enables the use of both non-blocking synchronization and memorization techniques for whole locking operations. These features combine to achieve fast lock acquisition for the non-blocking cases (6 RISC instructions), and make releasing locks practically free. The impact of lock management techniques and automated locking strategy on the performance of a PPL are analysed based on measurements of various lock managers integrated into PJama, a JavaTM Virtual Machine (JVM) which provides orthogonal persistence. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demonstration and Partial Characterization of 22-nm HBsAg and Dane Particles of Subtype HBsAg/ady (1979)

The present paper describes the demonstration of d, y, w, and r HBsAg determinants in one serum. It was shown that there are two populations of HBsAg particles: HBsAg/ad and HBsAg/ady. All complete Dane particles were of subtype HBsAg/ady. Further characterization of HBsAg/ady particles did not reveal morphologic differences when they were compared with HBsAg/ad and HBsAg/ay particles. An HBsAg/ady phenotype may be the result of a double infection with hepatitis B viruses or exchanges of DNA sequences that determine HBsAg/ay and HBsAg/ad to form a new genotype.
The Effect of Intraoperative Blood Glucose Management on Postoperative Blood Glucose Levels in Noncardiac Surgery Patients (2015)

A higher intraoperative glucose level is associated with a higher postoperative glucose level. Intraoperative hyperglycemia increases the odds for postoperative hyperglycemia. Adequate intraoperative glucose management by initiating insulin infusion when glucose level exceeds 140 mg/dL to prevent hyperglycemia is associated with lower postoperative glucose levels and fewer incidences of postoperative hyperglycemia. However, patient- and procedure-specific variable interactions make the relationship between intraoperative and postoperative glucose levels complicated.
Integrated Systems in the More-Than-Moore Era: Designing Low-Cost Energy-Efficient Systems Using Heterogeneous Components (2011)

Moore's law has provided a metronome for semiconductor technology over the past four decades. However, when CMOS transistor feature size and interconnect dimensions approach their fundamental limits, aggressive scaling will no longer play a significant role in performance improvement. How should the semiconductor industry provide new value in each generation of products in such a scenario? While Moore's law driven scaling has traditionally focused on improving computation performance (through faster clock frequencies and recently, more parallelism) and memory capacity, electronic systems of the future will provide value by being multi-functional. We envision that integrated systems of the future will perform diverse functions (in addition to traditional computation, storage and communication) such as real-time sensing, energy harvesting, and on-chip testing, to name a few. Enabling such diverse functionality with high performance, high reliability and a low energy budget in a single system requires a radical shift in the principles of system design and integration. Instead of focusing on improving the performance of traditional digital CMOS circuits or exploring nanotechnologies for Silicon and CMOS replacements, we espouse cohesive design and integration of multiple device technologies and diverse components in a single heterogeneous system that is high-performance, energy-efficient and reliable. The authors describe how heterogeneity in on-chip components can yield a high overall efficiency that goes beyond of what Moore's Law promises to provide.
An architecture for near-data processing systems (2016)

Near-data processing is a promising paradigm to address the bandwidth, latency, and energy limitations in today's computer systems. In this work, we introduce an architecture that enhances a contemporary multi-core CPU with new features for supporting a seamless integration of near-data processing capabilities. Crucial aspects such as coherency, data placement, communication, address translation, and the programming model are discussed. The essential components, as well as a system simulator, are realized in hardware and software. Results for the important Graph500 benchmark show a 1.5x speedup when using the proposed architecture.
Size of liquid metal particles influences actuation properties of a liquid crystal elastomer composite (2020)

Composites of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) that are electrically conductive have the potential to function as soft "artificial muscle" actuators that can be reversibly stimulated with electrical Joule-heating. Conductivity can be achieved by embedding the LCE with droplets of an alloy of gallium and indium that is liquid at room temperature. These soft artificial muscles are capable of >50% reversible actuation with an applied load. The key to actuation at high loadings of liquid metal (LM) is that the droplets deform with the surrounding matrix. By controlling the size of LM droplets through simple processing techniques, we show that the actuator properties of the LM-LCE muscle can be tuned. For example, composites with smaller liquid metal particles (ca. 10 μm or less) are stiffer than those with larger liquid metal particles (ca. >100 μm) and are capable of greater force output. However, smaller particles reduce actuation strain and composites with large particles exhibit significantly greater stroke length. Such tunability in actuation properties permits the fabrication of specialized soft artificial muscles, where processing of the composite controls actuation strain and actuation force.
Chiral Amplification in Columns of Self-Assembled N,N′,N″-Tris((S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide in Dilute Solution (2000)

Abstract Remarkable control of chirality within a long and stable columnar self-assembly of N,N′,N″-Tris((S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide in dilute solution is achieved by strong, unidirectional hydrogen bonding and cooperative side-chain interactions; IR and CD-spectroscopy have been used to elucidate these features.
Prenyltransferase Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers (2001)

Radiation therapy is frequently used in the treatment of a number of different tumors. However, the effectiveness of radiotherapy is limited by the ability of normal tissues adjacent to tumors to tolerate radiation in the doses required to kill or sterilize tumor cells. This limitation is compounded by the presence in tumors of radiation-resistant cells that may arise as a result of environmental factors, such as hypoxic regions in tumors, the expression of growth factors that can reduce radiation sensitivity, or tumor cell intrinsic radiation resistance that may be imparted through the activation of certain oncogenes. Ras oncogenes in particular may contribute to radiation resistance, because they have been shown to increase radiation resistance in many experimental systems, and are mutated in an estimated 30% of all human tumors. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has also been implicated in increased radiation resistance and is over-expressed in certain tumors, particularly glioblastomas.
Exploiting phenyl embraces and π-stacking in the assembly of arrays of tetraphenylphosphonium p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (2004)

Phenyl embraces involving tetraphenylphosphonium cations feature in complexes of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene where a phenyl ring of a cation is included in the cavity of the calixarene. The overall structures are based on pseudo-polymorphic supramolecular arrays and their formation is templated or induced by lanthanide ions.