gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optimal single/concurrent link MAC scheme for a single-hop MIMO network (2011)

It is generally accepted that enabling concurrent links via the use of multi antenna techniques is an effective means of improving throughput in a MANET. Several MAC protocols (i.e. MIMA MAC, and SPACEMAC) have even been introduced in the literature specifically to increase the number of concurrent links. Recent work, however, has shown that this is not universally true. Given a MIMO enabled network, there are easily produced topologies where a single link MAC will outperform a concurrent MAC, which motivates the need for a MAC scheme that could choose between single link and concurrent link operation as the dynamics of the system changes. In this paper we present a novel MIMO MAC design that can adaptively switch between a single link scheme and a concurrent link scheme. Our design objective is to improve the link throughput by guaranteeing each link's throughput to be no less than that achievable via a single link MAC protocol. To demonstrate our design principle, we first present an idealized derivation where all network information is perfectly known at all nodes. Then as a realistic implementation, we further present a practical MAC protocol that uses distributed handshaking and imperfect channel estimation to run the adaptive switching function. Simulation results validate that our design's link throughput is greater than or equal to a single link MAC's throughput with 2% - 12% outage probabilities. Moreover, the proposed MAC's ergodic link throughput is 20%-30% higher than single link MAC and MIMA-MAC's counterparts.
Supplementary Figures from Isolation of T-Cell Receptors Specifically Reactive with Mutated Tumor-Associated Antigens from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Based on CD137 Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;These figures present data describing the recognition of neoantigens by T cells and TCRs not presented in the main body of the text.&lt;/p&gt;
A Statistical Model for Rigid Image Registration Performance: The Influence of Soft-Tissue Deformation as a Confounding Noise Source (2019)

Soft-tissue deformation presents a confounding factor to rigid image registration by introducing image content inconsistent with the underlying motion model, presenting non-correspondent structure with potentially high power, and creating local minima that challenge iterative optimization. In this paper, we introduce a model for registration performance that includes deformable soft tissue as a power-law noise distribution within a statistical framework describing the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) in registration performance. The model incorporates both cross-correlation and gradient-based similarity metrics, and the model was tested in application to 3D-2D (CT-to-radiograph) and 3D-3D (CT-to-CT) image registration. Predictions accurately reflect the trends in registration error as a function of dose (quantum noise), and the choice of similarity metrics for both registration scenarios. Incorporating soft-tissue deformation as a noise source yields important insight on the limits of registration performance with respect to algorithm design and the clinical application or anatomical context. For example, the model quantifies the advantage of gradient-based similarity metrics in 3D-2D registration, identifies the low-dose limits of registration performance, and reveals the conditions for which the registration performance is fundamentally limited by soft-tissue deformation.
Ultrasonics of food (1998)

Ultrasound is well suited to the study of food materials because of the possibility of noninvasive and safe implementation which is ideal for hygienic application. New advances in the understanding of the interaction between the soft solids which comprise many foods and ultrasound mean that new data and new insights into foods have been gained using ultrasound measurement techniques. Studies of complex food materials have challenged theories of ultrasound propagation, resulting in significant theoretical developments of general importance. This review covers the use of low power ultrasound to study food materials. Both pulse echo and continuous wave interferometry are covered and the theory of ultrasound scattering in soft heterogeneous media discussed. Foods to which the ultrasound technique has been applied range from eggs through margarine to chocolate.
Hsp27 Regulates Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Metastasis, and Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer (2013)

Defining the mechanisms underlying metastatic progression of prostate cancer may lead to insights into how to decrease morbidity and mortality in this disease. An important determinant of metastasis is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the mechanisms that control the process of EMT in cancer cells are still emerging. Here, we report that the molecular chaperone Hsp27 (HSPB1) drives EMT in prostate cancer, whereas its attenuation reverses EMT and decreases cell migration, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Mechanistically, silencing Hsp27 decreased IL-6-dependent STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and STAT3 binding to the Twist promoter, suggesting that Hsp27 is required for IL-6-mediated EMT via modulation of STAT3/Twist signaling. We observed a correlation between Hsp27 and Twist in patients with prostate cancer, with Hsp27 and Twist expression each elevated in high-grade prostate cancer tumors. Hsp27 inhibition by OGX-427, an antisense therapy currently in phase II trials, reduced tumor metastasis in a murine model of prostate cancer. More importantly, OGX-427 treatment decreased the number of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a phase I clinical trial. Overall, this study defines Hsp27 as a critical regulator of IL-6-dependent and IL-6-independent EMT, validating this chaperone as a therapeutic target to treat metastatic prostate cancer.
Lithium-Ion Battery Lifetime Extension With Positive Pulsed Current Charging (2023)

Some studies verified that the pulsed current charging technique could extend the battery lifetime and improve the charging performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, some researchers are skeptical of this opinion because their studies have not found any advantages of pulsed current charging over conventional constant current (CC) charging. Positive pulsed current (PPC), the most common pulsed current mode, was selected for the investigation in this work. The effect of the PPC with various parameters, including the duty cycle, amplitude, and frequency, on the performance and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries, are investigated by experiments. According to the experimental results, the charging speed, charging capacity, and maximum rising temperature are mainly determined by the duty cycle and amplitude of the PPC. The battery lifetime with PPC under the frequency range from 0.05 Hz to 2 kHz has been verified to be extendable. Moreover, the battery lifetime extension can even be over 100% under a specific frequency PPC compared with CC charging. This is the first work that summarizes the law of the pulse frequency on battery lifetime extension. In the future, the pulsed current is expected to be used in fast charging technologies without compromising battery lifetime.
Targeted Mutagenesis ofArabidopsis thalianaUsing Engineered TAL Effector Nucleases (2013)

Custom TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) are increasingly used as reagents to manipulate genomes in vivo. Here, we used TALENs to modify the genome of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. We engineered seven TALENs targeting five Arabidopsis genes, namely ADH1, TT4, MAPKKK1, DSK2B, and NATA2. In pooled seedlings expressing the TALENs, we observed somatic mutagenesis frequencies ranging from 2-15% at the intended targets for all seven TALENs. Somatic mutagenesis frequencies as high as 41-73% were observed in individual transgenic plant lines expressing the TALENs. Additionally, a TALEN pair targeting a tandemly duplicated gene induced a 4.4-kb deletion in somatic cells. For the most active TALEN pairs, namely those targeting ADH1 and NATA2, we found that TALEN-induced mutations were transmitted to the next generation at frequencies of 1.5-12%. Our work demonstrates that TALENs are useful reagents for achieving targeted mutagenesis in this important plant model.
p-Phosphonic acid calix[8]arene mediated synthesis of ultra-large, ultra-thin, single-crystal gold nanoplatelets (2019)

Single-crystal Au nanoplatelets, as large as 28 μm in cross section and as thin as 6 nm, are generated by bubbling hydrogen gas into an aqueous solution of HAuCl4 in the presence of p-phosphonic acid calix[8]arene, which acts as both a catalyst and stabiliser. The use of the ultrathin Au nanoplatelets in oxygen gas sensing has also been established.
Comparative study of stress inducing layers to produce kerfless thin wafers by the Slim-cut technique (2013)

The decrease in wafer thickness seen as a route to cost reductions has raised a growing interest in techniques that allow the preparation of thin wafers without kerf loss. The Slim-cut process [1] is one of these new techniques and comprises mainly three stages: a stress layer deposition step on the top of a monocrystalline silicon sample, a heating step necessary to induce the stress on the silicon sample and detach a thin silicon layer, and a third step to clean the stress-inducing layer to obtain a silicon foil adapted to the fabrication of solar cells. One of the major problems of this technology consists in finding a stress layer that induces a sufficiently high contraction in order to achieve a rupture of the silicon without contamination of the foil. In this work we present a comparison between thin foils obtained by Slim-cut, using three different stress layers: i) a double screen printed Silver/Aluminum layer, ii) a dispensed epoxy paste, iii) an electrodeposited Nickel metallization. Results on lifetime measurements indicate that some of the stress layers, although capable of inducing large stress, severely degrade lifetime of the foil.
2356 (2017)

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Microarray technology has produced large volumes of gene expression data profiling differences in gene expression in a vast array of conditions, much of which is publicly available. Methods to query these data for similarities in patterns of gene regulation are limited to comparisons between preannotated groups. In response, we developed openSESAME to find experiments where a set of genes is similarly coregulated without regard to experimental design. An important application of openSESAME is drug repositioning: if a pattern associated with disease is reversed by a given drug, the drug might target disease-related processes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Experiments from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were normalized, signature-association (SA) scores computed for each sample, experiments assigned enrichment scores, and ANOVAs used to assign significance to experimental variables automatically extracted from GEO. SA scores were also generated for hundreds of publicly available signatures, and pairwise correlations used to create a relevance network. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Using signatures of estrogen and p63, we recovered relevant experimental variables, and with the network approach, we recovered previously reported associations between disease states and/or drug treatments. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: openSESAME has the potential to illuminate “dark data” and discover novel relationships between drugs and diseases on the basis of common patterns of differential gene expression.
On the use of low-frequency normal modes to enforce collective movements in refining macromolecular structural models (2004)

As more and more structures of macromolecular complexes get solved in different conditions, it has become apparent that flexibility is an inherent part of their biological function. Normal mode analysis using simplified models of proteins such as the elastic network model has proved very effective in showing that many of the structural transitions derived from a survey of the Protein Data Bank can be explained by just a few of the lowest-frequency normal modes. In this work, normal modes are used to carry out medium- or low-resolution structural refinement, enforcing collective and large-amplitude movements that are beyond the reach of existing methods. Refinement is carried out in reciprocal space with respect to the normal mode amplitudes, by using standard conjugate-gradient minimization. Several tests on synthetic diffraction data whose mode concentration follows the one of real movements observed in the Protein Data Bank have shown that the radius of convergence is larger than the one of rigid-body refinement. Tests with experimental diffraction data for the same protein in different environments also led to refined structural models showing drastic reduction of the rms deviation with the target model. Because the structural transition is described by very few parameters, over-fitting of real experimental data is easily detected by using a cross-validation test. The method has also been applied to the refinement of atomic models into molecular envelopes and could readily be used to fit large macromolecular complex rearrangements into cryo-electron microscopy-reconstructed images as well as small-angle x-ray scattering-derived envelopes.
The Michael Addition of Sulfur Anions to β,β-Substituted Nα-Formyl-α, β-Dehydroamino Acid Esters (1988)

Abstract The addition of lithium benzylthiolates to Nα,-formyl-α,β-dehydro-α-amino acid esters gave protected Nα-formyl-β-S-benzyl-β,β-dialkylcysteine esters. Hydrolysis and Nα-protection produced β,β-dialkyl-cysteines which can be used for peptide synthesis.
P207 Daycase medical thoracoscopy and pleurodesis: outcomes and cost effectiveness (2021)

<h3>Aim</h3> To assess the feasibility and safety of talc pleurodesis performed as part of daycase medical thoracoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> Conventionally, medical thoracoscopy with talc pleurodesis involves inpatient stay. In our institution this happens as a daycase procedure with patients admitted on the day of procedure. We use a Richard Wolf<sup>®</sup>5 mm mini thoracoscope through a 5.5 mm port. At the end of the procedure eligible cases have talc poudrage, followed by insertion of indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) through the same port instead of a surgical drain. The IPC is then attached to an underwater seal and suction applied for 4 hours before the drain is capped off and the patient discharged. District nurses are asked to drain the IPC daily for the first 5 days. Once the drain output is &lt;150 ml, the frequency is progressively reduced to once a week. The drain is removed after two consecutive dry taps (&lt;50 ml) one week apart. Patients were reviewed at 2 weeks in the ambulatory care unit for results and suture removal. <h3>Results</h3> Between April 2019 and June 2020, 42 patients underwent thoracoscopy of which 40 patients underwent day case thoracoscopy with pleurodesis. However, 2/40 patients required a short duration unplanned admission. All patients were followed up for 70 days. One patient in conventional thoracoscopy group required surgical intervention for pleural infection. There were 4 deaths in the day case cohort compared to 9 deaths in the conventional thoracoscopy cohort within 70 days. Median time to removal of IPC was 14 days and IPC was successfully removed in 35 patients by the end of 70 days. Three patients had continuing drainage at day 70, one patient died with drain in situ and another chose to leave the drain in situ despite cessation of drainage. Overall rate of successful cessation of drainage was 90% (36/40). An initial estimated cost-analysis showed the procedure to be largely cost neutral for the local healthcare economy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study suggests that thoracoscopy and talc poudrage can be performed safely as a day case procedure. Further data is needed for longterm outcomes and cost effectiveness.
Nutritional and Physicochemical Characteristics of Dietary Fiber Enriched Pasta (2001)

The relationship between pasta texture and physicostructural characteristics was determined in relation to potential starch degradation and subsequent glucose release. Pastas with added soluble and insoluble dietary fiber ingredients were evaluated in relation to biochemical composition, cooking properties, and textural characteristics. Results show that both the type and amount of added fiber influence the overall quality of both raw and cooked pasta. Glucose release may be significantly reduced by the addition of soluble dietary fiber.
Differences in internalization and intracellular processing of interleukin-1 associated with the two forms of interleukin-1 receptor found in B-cells and T-cells (1991)

There are at least two classes of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor, namely p80, and 80 kDa single-chain protein found in T-cells, fibroblasts and many other cell types, and p68, a 68 kDa protein expressed in B-cells and macrophages. The to classes of IL-1 receptor show distinct differences in their substrate-binding site and molecular properties. In this study we show that the kinetics of IL-1 internalization and the consequences of ligand processing in the two subtypes of IL-1 receptor are also very different. The Raji cell line was used as a source of the p68 form of the IL-1 receptor, whereas the YT cell line was used as a source of p80 receptor. Under conditions of steady-state binding the IL-1 was equally distributed between cell-surface and intracellular sites in YT cells, compared with predominantly cell-surface binding (85%) in Raji cells. The mechanism of IL-1 processing was also different in the two cell types. In Raji cells 60% of internalized IL-1 was released from the cells in an intact form, whereas the remainder was degraded. All of the IL-1 extruded from YT cells was intact. The kinetics of IL-1 release was faster in Raji cells, with a half-time of 4.5 h compared with over 15 h in YT cells. SDS/PAGE analysis of internalized IL-1 in Raji cells revealed that the ligand was sequentially processed to trichloroacetic acid-soluble products. The YT receptor-ligand complex was resistant to dissociation at pH 5, whereas that in Raji cells rapidly dissociated at this pH. Treatment of Raji cells with the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine inhibited the degradation of IL-1 without having any effect on the amount of intact IL-1 in the intracellular compartments. From these data we conclude that the pathways of internalization, intracellular trafficking and overall processing of IL-1 are different for p68 IL-1 receptors compared with p80. This could have direct consequences for IL-1 action and IL-1 receptor regulation in the cell.
Basilar, skull and facial fractures in 2nd row occupants by crash type with a focus on side and rear impacts (2022)

While basilar skull fractures are rare in 2<sup>nd</sup> row occupants, at 0.083% in rear and 0.044% in side impacts, they represent 53.9% of 2<sup>nd</sup> row occupants with a skull fracture and serious injury in rear impacts and 20.3% in side impacts. The mechanism of injury is different in rear and side impacts, but frequently involves multi-impact crashes, severe impacts, intrusion into the seating area and head impact on hard surfaces.
Location, Proximity, Affinity – The key factors in FaaS (2020)

The Function-as-a-Service paradigm emerged not only as a pricing technique, but also as a programming model promising to simplify developing to the cloud. Interestingly, while placing functions across hosts under the service platform is believed to be flexible, currently the available platforms pay little attention to co-locate connected functions, or data with the respective processing function in order to improve performance. Even though the local function invocation and data access might be an order of magnitude faster than their remote intra-cloud counterparts. In this paper, we therefore propose a Function-asa- Service platform design that reaps the performance benefits of co-location. We build the platform on WebAssembly, a secure and flexible tool for efficient local function invocations, and on a distributed in-memory database, which allows arbitrary data placement. On top we advocate smart placement strategies for function executions and data, decoupled from the functions. Hence we envision good horizontal scaling of functions while keeping the experienced processing latency to that of a single machine case.
Simple Methodology for Deriving Continuous Shorelines from Imagery: Application to Rivers (2012)

A methodology is developed to extract and process shoreline data, the interface between land and water, identified from imagery. Initially, image pixels containing water (water points) and pixel locations of the land/water interface (edge points) are extracted from an image using either a supervised, threshold approach or a newly developed, automated texture-based analysis. Both are described and demonstrated. Subsequently applied is a procedure for processing these edge and water point locations to obtain oriented and ordered shoreline coordinates. The described methodology has several advantages: (1) shoreline processing is independent of imagery source and resolution, that is, specification of search directions based on image resolution or desired shoreline resolution is unnecessary and (2) a need for additional postprocessing of remote-sensed data or extracted-edge data are obviated, that is, edge data need not be of high quality or vectorized. Details of the entire methodology, including algorithms for water and edge point extraction from imagery and specifics of the processing applied to obtain an ordered, oriented shoreline, are presented. Execution of the complete shoreline extraction algorithm is demonstrated independently by application to sections of the East Pearl River, Mississippi, and the Kootenai River, Idaho. A quantitative performance measure of the ability of the algorithm to produce realistic-ordered, oriented shoreline coordinates from a set of edge and water point data extracted from imagery results in RMS errors of 1 m or less or two times the ground sample distance of the imagery.
Extended Turndown, Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Combustion System (2010)

Flexibility is key to the future success of gas turbines for power generation. As renewable energy becomes more widely used the need for reliable, flexible standby power generation will increase. Gas turbines which are able to operate efficiently and in emissions compliance from extended low load to base load will have a significant advantage in meeting this need. Fuel costs and availability are of increasing concern. A gas turbine which is able to flexibly operate with a wide range of fuels, without the need for a diluent such as water or nitrogen, will provide added value to the operators of these machines. Carbon emissions are also of growing environmental concern, and the abatement of such emissions is likely to become of increasing monetary value. A fuel flexible combustor able to operate flexibly on both decarbonized fuel and natural gas will be well positioned to take commercial advantage of the situation. A combustion system is described and demonstrated which meets the goals set forth above. The system is simply retrofittable into existing E/F-class frame machines. The combustor is comprised of a dry lean premixed system without the need for diluents to control emissions. The operating principle of the new combustor is described. A full scale rig test program was undertaken to validate the new design and these results are presented. Results are shown with low emissions operation at 15–25% engine load. Combustor performance with a range of fuel blends up to 60% hydrogen, all with emissions below 9ppm of NOx and CO, is presented.