gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric materials for electrolyte gated transistor applications (2021)

In this review, the recent progress of different types of electrolyte dielectric materials for electrolyte gated transistors (EGTs) is summarized, along with the structures and operation of EGTs and their relevant applications.
Insight into thermo-mechanical enhancement of polymer nanocomposites coated microsand proppants for hydraulic fracturing (2022)

The present work reports the fabrication of ultra-high strength microsand proppants (100 mesh) through a polymer nanocomposite dual coating approach and gives insight into their thermo-mechanical reinforcements. The dual coating can be of 3D-cross-linked poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate)/divinylbenzene) (PS-PMMA/DVB) porous network and thermally cross-linked epoxy with graphene nanosheets. The inner layer of PS-PMMA/DVB was prepared using bulk polymerization of styrene (S) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) at 70 °C with a free radical initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The outer layer was prepared by mixing epoxy resin, a cross-linker, and commercial graphene (CG) followed by thermally curing the mixture. The dual-coated microsand proppants exhibited enhanced mechanical characteristics of elastic modulus (E) as high as 7.78 GPa, hardness (H) of 0.35 GPa, and fracture toughness (K<sub>c</sub>) of 3.19 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup> along with largely improved thermal properties. Moreover, the dual-coated microsand proppants exhibit a very high-stress resistance up to 14000 psi, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the highest stress resistance value attained for the modified sand-based proppants so far.
An indefensible budget (2005)

If a half-trillion dollar military budget lands on Capitol Hill and no one seems to hear, does it make a sound? You bet.
Economic evaluation of an absorbable antibiotic envelope for prevention of cardiac implantable electronic device infection (2020)

A strategy of Env+SoC was not economically favourable compared with SoC alone, and the opportunity cost of widescale implementation should be considered. Future work is required to develop validated risk stratification tools to identify patients at greatest risk of CIED infection. The value proposition of Env+SoC improves when applying this intervention to patients at greatest infection risk.
Extraction of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids and Proteins from the Agarophyte Gelidium corneum Using Pulsed Power Techniques (2023)

<i>Gelidium corneum</i> (syn. <i>sesquipedale</i>) is an industrially and ecologically important species of red alga used for the production of high-quality agar. However, the species is also of growing interest for the production of other valuable compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), with potential cosmeceutical and biomedical applications. Novel methods using two pulsed power techniques, high-voltage electrical discharges (HVED) and pulsed electrical fields (PEF), were evaluated for efficacy of MAA extraction. Algal suspensions were prepared at two ratios (1:20 and 1:40 <i>w</i>:<i>v</i>). Four different extraction protocols were compared: (i) high-voltage electrical discharges, (ii) pulsed electric fields, (iii) maceration at room temperature, and (iv) maceration at 50 °C. The algae were treated in three states: freshly harvested, dried, and powdered. HVED and PEF treatments were effective when performed on fresh algae, and in particular the HVED treatment resulted in yields of MAAs twenty times higher than the control: 0.81 ± 0.05 mg/g<sub>Dry Weight (DW)</sub> vs. 0.037 ± 0.002 mg/g<sub>DW</sub>. This effect was not observed to the same extent when the algae were dried or powdered, although HVED remained the most selective method overall.
The Na‐G Ion Channel Is Transcribed from a Single Promoter Controlled by Distinct Neuron‐ and Schwann Cell‐Specific DNA Elements (1999)

Na-G is a putative sodium (or cationic) channel expressed in neurons and glia of the PNS, in restricted neuronal subpopulations of the brain, and in several tissues outside the nervous system, like lung and adrenal medulla. To analyze the mechanisms underlying tissue-specific expression of this channel, we isolated the 5' region of the corresponding gene and show that Na-G mRNA transcription proceeds from a single promoter with multiple initiation sites. By transgenic mice studies, we demonstrate that 600 bp containing the Na-G proximal promoter region and the first exon are sufficient to drive the expression of a beta-galactosidase reporter gene in neurons of both CNS and PNS, whereas expression in Schwann cells depends on more remote DNA elements lying in the region between -6,500 and -1,050 bp upstream of the main transcription initiation sites. Crucial elements for lung-specific expression seem to be located in the region between -1,050 and -375 bp upstream of the promoter. Using in vivo footprint experiments, we demonstrate that several sites of the Na-G proximal promoter region are bound specifically by nuclear proteins in dorsal root ganglion neurons, as compared with nonexpressing hepatoma cells.
Bliss: Specifying Declarative Service Protocols (2014)

BSPL, the Blindingly Simple Protocol Language, is a recent approach for declaratively expressing service communication protocols that involves only two main constructs: a way to specify a message as an atomic protocol and a way to compose protocols. BSPL supports the Local State Transfer architectural style for decentralized service enactment. BSPL offers significant gains in expressing protocols (i.e., specifications) that decouple participants in service engagements (i.e., agents) as much as possible given the causal constraints induced from the information exchanged by them. Importantly, BSPL relies exclusively on how appropriate information flows are induced from the specification. This paper proposes Bliss, a conceptual model for interaction that is based on information flow. The idea behind Bliss is to incrementally develop the information needed to complete the social object that a protocol computes. Bliss yields simple steps to help ensure that the resulting protocol adequately captures the given requirements with respect to the social object.
Ka-band GaN power amplifier MMIC chipset for satellite and 5G cellular communications (2015)

Ka-band gallium nitride (GaN) power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with 2 W driver Amplifier (DRA) MMIC and 8 W high power amplifier (HPA) MMIC have been developed. These MMICs are demonstrated using a 0.15 um GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology on silicon carbide (SiC) substrate. At 28 GHz, the three-stage DRA MMIC in-fixture exhibits 25.8 dB of small signal gain and 33.1 dBm of continuous wave (CW) output power, which is sufficient to drive a HPA MMIC. The three-stage HPA MMIC achieves 23.5 dB of small signal gain, a CW output power of 39 dBm, and power added efficiency (PAE) of 26.6% at 28 GHz. The chip areas of the DRA MMIC and HPA MMIC are 4.08 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 11.22 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively.
Synthetic bile acid derivatives inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells (2004)

As previously demonstrated, the synthetic bile acid derivatives mediate anti-proliferative properties in a variety of human cancer cells. In the present study, the effects of the synthetic derivatives of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), HS-1030 and HS-1183, and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), HS-1199 and HS-1200, on the proliferation of HT-29 human colon cancer cells were investigated. Whereas UDCA and CDCA had no effect on the growth of cells in the concentration ranges we have tested, HS-1199 and HS-1200 completely inhibited cell proliferation, while HS-1030 and HS-1183 showed weak inhibitory activities. Simultaneous estimation of cell cycle parameters and apoptosis by flow cytometry showed that the synthetic bile acid derivatives produced the arrest of cell cycle progression at the G1 phase and ensuing increase of sub-G1 fraction, which resulted in the induction of apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by observation of cleavages of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed decreased expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6 proteins. In addition, the synthetic bile acid derivatives markedly induced the level of Cdk inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1, in a p53-independent manner. Furthermore, the exposure of cells to the synthetic bile acid derivatives resulted in a decrease in the level of pRb and enhanced binding between pRb and E2F-1. Based on these data, these synthetic bile acid derivatives may serve as potential lead compounds in the treatment of colon cancer.
Investigation of the mechanism of retraction of the cell margin and rearward flow of nodules during mitotic cell rounding. (1997)

We have studied two types of cell motility directed toward the cell center: retraction of the cell margin and rearward flow of small cytoplasmic nodules during mitotic cell rounding in Potoroo tridactylis kidney (PtK2) cells by time-lapse video microscopy, drug treatments, and photoactivation of fluorescence. Nodules flow rearward on thin, actin-rich fibers (retraction fibers) exposed as the cell margin retracts. Retraction of the cell margin and rearward flow of nodules require intact actin filaments, but are insensitive to an inhibitor of myosin function (butanedione monoxime). Using photoactivation of fluorescence marking, we have determined that actin filaments in the majority of retraction fibers remain stationary while the cell margin retracts and nodules flow rearward. The pointed ends of retraction fiber actin filaments face the cell center. We argue that nodule motility is driven by a novel actin-based force that perhaps also partially contributes to retraction of the cell margin during cell rounding at mitosis.
Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Caucasians: New Inherited Variant (1964)

A new inherited variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase having both a lowered enzyme activity and an altered electrophoretic mobility was discovered in two unrelated American families, one of Irish and the other of German ancestry. Family studies of the trait indicate that it is due to a sexlinked gene.
Validation of the Total Cerebrovascular Disease Burden Scale in a Community Sample (2016)

The total CeVD burden scale is associated with cognition and dementia in a community sample. Longitudinal studies are required to establish the predictive ability of this scale.
Radical-cured block copolymer modified thermosets (2011)

Poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP-PEO) diblock copolymers were synthesized and added at 4 wt % to 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (BisGMA), a monomer that cures using free radical chemistry. In separate experiments, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) was combined as a secondary monomer with BisGMA and the monomers were loaded with 4 wt % PEP-PEO. The diblock copolymers self-assembled into well-dispersed spherical micelles with PEP cores and PEO coronas. No appreciable change in the final extent of cure of the thermosets was caused by the addition of diblock copolymer, except in the case of BisGMA, where the addition of the block copolymer increased extent of cure by 12%. Furthermore, the extent of cure was increased by 29% and 37% with the addition of 25 and 50 wt % PEGDMA, respectively. Elastic modulus and fracture resistance were also determined, and the values indicate that the addition of block copolymers does not significantly toughen the thermoset materials. This finding is surprising when compared with the large increase in fracture resistance seen in block copolymer-modified epoxies, and an explanation is proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Fatty acid‐mediated signalling between two Pseudomonas species (2012)

We report the identification of fatty acids as mediators of intercellular signalling in Pseudomonas putida, and between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. putida. Tetradecanoic acid and fatty acids of similar chain length are present in supernatants of these strains and activate population density-dependent expression of ddcA, a gene involved in corn seed and root colonization by P. putida KT2440. Consistently, significant amounts of these compounds were also found in corn root exudates. The signalling pathway involves the two-component regulatory system formed by RoxS and RoxR, which had been previously shown to control expression of ddcA and of a set of genes related to the redox balance of P. putida cells. Production of the fatty acid signal in P. aeruginosa is under the control of the LasI/LasR and RhlI/RhlR quorum sensing systems. Our data indicate that in terms of cell-cell communication, P. putida KT2440 employs mechanisms closer to those of plant pathogens such as Xanthomonas spp. and fungi like Candida, which also rely on fatty acid derivatives.
Is food safety a real concern in Mexico and Colombia? A preliminary report on a survey of small producers, retailers and consumers (2017)

Abstract Data that capture the impact of unsafe food in Mexico and Colombia are not readily available, yet are vital for well‐informed decisions to be taken towards reducing the problem. Using hierarchical cluster analyses, analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) and chi‐square tests, we analyzed 460 responses from small producers, retailers and consumers about food concerns and willingness to produce, sell or buy health‐certified food in these two countries. Food that is free of virus and bacteria was of concern to all respondents, and a small percentage reported suffering from food‐related illness. There has been investment in food‐safety certification, but the impact of this remains unknown. Producers and restaurants are far more interested in obtaining certification than are retailers. Consumers are willing to buy certified food even if it is expensive. This could provide an incentive to invest in food safety and spread its benefits.
Comparison of Reaction-Diffusion and Atomistic Trap-Based BTI Models for Logic Gates (2013)

In deeply scaled CMOS technology, time-dependent degradation mechanisms (TDDMs), such as Bias Temperature Instability (BTI), have threatened the transistor performance, hence the overall circuit/system reliability. Two well-known attempts to model BTI mechanism are the reaction-diffusion (R-D) model and the Atomistic trap-based model. This paper presents a thorough comparative analysis of the two models at the gate-level in order to explore when their predictions are the same and when not. The comparison is done by evaluating degradation trends in a set of CMOS logic gates (e.g., INV, NAND, NOR, etc.) while considering seven attributes: 1) gate type, 2) gate drive strength, 3) input frequency, 4) duty factor, 5) non-periodicity, 6) instant degradation versus long-term aging, and 7) simulation CPU time and memory usage. The simulation results show that two models are in consistency in terms of the gate degradation trends w.r.t. the first four attributes (gate type, input frequency, etc.). For the rest of the attributes, the workload-dependent solution of the Atomistic trap-based model is superior from the point of non-periodicity and instant degradation, while the R-D model gets advantageous in case of long-term aging, and simulation CPU time and memory usage due to its lite AC periodic and duty factor dependent solution.
Preparation and Properties of High-Quality a-Si Films with a Super Chamber : Separated Ultra-High Vacuum Reaction Chamber (1987)

A separated ultra-high vacuum (UHV) reaction chamber system, called the super chamber, has been newly developed. A background pressure of 10 -9 Torr was obtained, and the impurity concentrations of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon in an a-Si film fabricated in the super chamber were 2×10 18 cm -3 , 1×10 17 cm -3 , and 2×10 18 cm -3 , respectively. The space charge density and the ESR spin density of the a-Si film were 5×10 14 cm -3 and 2×10 15 cm -3 , respectively. These values were much lower than those for films fabricated in a conventional chamber. The ratio of the light-induced degradation in the photoconductivity of the a-Si film was also small compared with that of conventional a-Si films. A conversion efficiency of 11.7% was obtained for a glass/textured TCO/pin/Ag a-Si solar cell, whose i-layer was fabricated in the super chamber.
Factores de riesgo de diarrea infantil en una comunidad rural de chiapas, mexico. Una estrategia de intervencion (1990)

During 3 weeks of surveillance, 63 children with diarrhea and 48 control children were identified. Analysis of 29 neighborhood-matched case-control pairs showed that children with diarrhea were more likely than their controls to have had a mother with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the onset of the child's diarrhea
Rhomboid proteins in the chloroplast envelope affect the level of allene oxide synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana (2012)

Rhomboids are intra-membrane serine proteases whose sequences are found in nearly all organisms. They are involved in a variety of biological functions in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Localization assays revealed that two Arabidopsis thaliana rhomboid-like proteases (AtRBL), AtRBL8 and AtRBL9, are targeted to the chloroplast. Using transgenic plants expressing epitope-tagged AtRBL9, we localized AtRBL9 to the chloroplast inner envelope membrane, with both its N- and C-termini facing the stroma. Mass spectrometry analyses confirmed this localization, and suggested that this is also the case for AtRBL8. Both are proteins of very low abundance. The results of size-exclusion chromatography implied that AtRBL9 forms homo-oligomers. In search of a putative function, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed on wild-type and double-knockout plants, lacking both AtRBL8 and AtRBL9, using the iTRAQ method. Of 180 envelope proteins, the level of only a few was either increased or decreased in the mutant line. One of the latter, allene oxide synthase, is involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis. This observation provides an explanation for the recently reported aberration in flower morphology that is associated with the loss of AtRBL8.
Nematode selenoproteome: the use of the selenocysteine insertion system to decode one codon in an animal genome? (2005)

Selenocysteine (Sec) is co-translationally inserted into selenoproteins in response to codon UGA with the help of the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element. The number of selenoproteins in animals varies, with humans having 25 and mice having 24 selenoproteins. To date, however, only one selenoprotein, thioredoxin reductase, has been detected in Caenorhabditis elegans, and this enzyme contains only one Sec. Here, we characterize the selenoproteomes of C.elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae with three independent algorithms, one searching for pairs of homologous nematode SECIS elements, another searching for Cys- or Sec-containing homologs of potential nematode selenoprotein genes and the third identifying Sec-containing homologs of annotated nematode proteins. These methods suggest that thioredoxin reductase is the only Sec-containing protein in the C.elegans and C.briggsae genomes. In contrast, we identified additional selenoproteins in other nematodes. Assuming that Sec insertion mechanisms are conserved between nematodes and other eukaryotes, the data suggest that nematode selenoproteomes were reduced during evolution, and that in an extreme reduction case Sec insertion systems probably decode only a single UGA codon in C.elegans and C.briggsae genomes. In addition, all detected genes had a rare form of SECIS element containing a guanosine in place of a conserved adenosine present in most other SECIS structures, suggesting that in organisms with small selenoproteomes SECIS elements may change rapidly.
Binocular coordination and reading performance during smartphone reading in intermittent exotropia (2018)

A significant increase in the proportion of monocular viewing in the intermittent exotropia group suggests that an appropriate viewing distance should be advised so that users can maintain binocular coordination when viewing a smartphone.
Source localization using piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (2006)

Accurate localization of objects in an area has many important applications such as speaker localization and in self-reconfigurable networks systems. Methods using cross-correlation at audio and ultrasonic frequencies are prone to false or inaccurate results for partial signal or in the presence of reverberation and noise. In this paper we propose two methods for localization of piezoelectric transducers by direction estimation using onset detection. This paper explores the basis of direction estimation and localization, as well as system modelling. The first method is based on a harmonic analysis of the signal. The second method developed uses wavelet filtering and time domain analysis. Experimental results are presented, where it is shown that these techniques allow a very powerful detection algorithm and requires small computation and low cost hardware.
Long wavelength photosensitizers related to chlorins and bacteriochlorins for use in photodynamic therapy (1992)

A series of long wavelength photosensitizers related to chlorins and bacteriochlorins has been synthesized from the Diels–Alder reaction of protoporphyrin III dimethyl ester 6, or protoporphyrin II dimethyl ester 29. These porphyrins were prepared either by copper(II)-promoted cyclization of the corresponding a,c-biladienes or by following the modified MacDonald dipyrromethane approach. To eliminate the possibility of isomer formation in synthesis of so-called ‘benzoporphyrin derivatives’ and also to understand structure–activity relationships among various photosensitizers, Diels–Alder reactions were also performed on 13,17-bis(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2,3,8,12,18-pentamethyl-7-vinylporphyrin 21 and 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-13,17-bis(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2,7,12,18-tetra-methyl-8-vinylporphyrin 22.
Photoexcitation of Si-Si Radiative Surface States in Nanocrystallites (1998)

Recently, intrinsic localized excitonic radiative surface states belonging to interacting dangling bonds of expanded, unstrained Si-Si dimers on the surface of nanocrystallites have been predicted. Those are connected, via a potential barrier, to the nonradiative delocalized excitonic states on the unexpanded, strained dimer. We present a theoretical analysis of the photoexcitation pathways involved in populating the radiative states. We include both direct above barrier, and indirect excitation from the photoexcited delocalized excitonic states via quantum tunneling and thermal activation. Our calculation gives an enhancement in the efficiency for sizes below a critical size of 1.4 nm, the size for which the outer trapped states become stable against tunneling and thermal activation. It is as if the material were changed from an indirect gap to a somewhat direct gap material. The results show that the photoluminescence exhibits a large Stokes shift resulting from the expansion of the radiative dimers. Moreover, the emission bandwidth is found to be quite wide especially for the ultra small crystallites (0.8 nm) where it encompasses nearly all of the visible spectrum, and the near infrared. Spectra simulated over size distributions are presented.