gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Rift Valley Fever: veterinary aspects and impact for human health]. (2009)

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arboviral zoonosis affecting a wide range of animal species as well as humans. Clinical incidence in domestic ruminants is high with infection causing abortions in pregnant animals and high mortality rates in newborns. In humans, clinical disease appears in about 50% of infected individuals. Human illness is characterized by dengue-like symptoms with severe complications including encephalitis, retinitis, hemorrhagic fever and death occurring in 1 to 3% of cases. During epidemic outbreaks, transmission between animals or from animals to humans is mainly by direct contact with infected biological material. Under these conditions, mosquito transmission probably plays a greater role in maintaining the enzootic cycle and initiating epizootic and epidemic outbreaks during the periods of heavy rainfall. The last epidemic outbreak of RVF in Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Sudan in 2006-2007 killed more than 4,000 ruminants and 600 humans. After confirmed diagnosis of one human case in 2007 in Comoros, an epidemiological survey was carried out in ruminant livestock in Mayotte. Results indicated that the RVF virus has been circulating on the island since 2005. In addition, serum samples collected from patients presenting dengue-like symptoms confirmed approximately 10 cases of human infection in 2007-2008. These results suggest low-level circulation of the RVF virus in Mayotte with weak impact on human and animal health. An assessment of future risk for the island is presented.
From Returns to Tweets and Back: An Investigation of the Stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (2017)

A sizeable percentage of investors are using social media to obtain information about companies (Cogent Research [2008]). As a consequence, social media content about firms may have an impact on stock prices (Hachman [2011]). Various studies utilize social media content to forecast stock market-related factors such as returns, volatility, or trading volume. The objective of this article is to investigate whether a bidirectional intraday relationship between stock returns and volatility and tweets exists. The study analyzed 150,180 minute-by-minute stock price and tweet data for the 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average over a random 13-day interval from June 2 to June 18, 2014 using a BEKK-MVGARCH methodology. Findings indicate that 87% of stock returns are influenced by lagged innovations of the tweets data, but there is little evidence to support that the direction is reciprocal, with only 7% of tweets being influenced by lagged innovations of the stock returns. Results further show that the lagged innovations from 40 percent of stock returns affect the current conditional volatility of the tweets, while 73 percent of tweets affect the current conditional volatility of stock returns. Moreover, there is strong evidence to suggest that the volatility originating from the returns to the tweets persists for 33 percent of stocks; the volatility originating from the tweets to the returns persists for 73 percent of stocks. Last, 53 percent of stocks exhibit both immediate and persistent impacts from returns to tweets, while 90 percent of stocks exhibit both immediate and persistent impacts from tweets to returns. These results may help traders achieve superior returns by buying and selling individual stocks or options. Also, asset and mutual fund managers may benefit by developing a social media strategy.
Recommended reading for IR research students (2005)

The Strategic Workshop on Information Retrieval at Lorne (SWIRL 2004) was held in Lorne, Australia, from 8-10 December 2004, sec http://www.cs.mu.oz/~alistair/swirl2004/ for further information. A total of 38 international and Australian researchers and Australian graduate students took part.
Session details: Session 3: From the Trenches (invited) (2003)

No abstract available.
Innervation of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles of the female rat (2003)

In humans, the pelvic floor skeletal muscles support the viscera. Damage to innervation of these muscles during parturition may contribute to pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Unfortunately, animal models that are suitable for studying parturition-induced pelvic floor neuropathy and its treatment are rare. The present study describes the intrapelvic skeletal muscles (i.e., the iliocaudalis, pubocaudalis, and coccygeus) and their innervation in the rat to assess its usefulness as a model for studies of pelvic floor nerve damage and repair. Dissection of rat intrapelvic skeletal muscles demonstrated a general similarity with human pelvic floor muscles. Innervation of the iliocaudalis and pubocaudalis muscles (which together constitute the levator ani muscles) was provided by a nerve (the "levator ani nerve") that entered the pelvic cavity alongside the pelvic nerve, and then branched and penetrated the ventromedial (i.e., intrapelvic) surface of these muscles. Innervation of the rat coccygeus muscle (the "coccygeal nerve") was derived from two adjacent branches of the L6-S1 trunk that penetrated the muscle on its rostral edge. Acetylcholinesterase staining revealed a single motor endplate zone in each muscle, closely adjacent to the point of nerve penetration. Transection of the levator ani or coccygeal nerves (with a 2-week survival time) reduced muscle mass and myocyte diameter in the iliocaudalis and pubocaudalis or coccygeus muscles, respectively. The pudendal nerve did not innervate the intrapelvic skeletal muscles. We conclude that the intrapelvic skeletal muscles in the rat are similar to those described in our previous studies of humans and that they have a distinct innervation with no contribution from the pudendal nerve.
Ladderlike Oligomers; Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding, Push-Pull Character, and Electron Affinity (2000)

Symmetrical 2,5-bis(2-aminophenyl)pyrazines have been synthesized by application of the Stille coupling strategy. These cotrimers feature three important properties, namely strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding, push-pull character, and high electron affinity. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds has been confirmed by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The hydrogen bond strength can be increased by substituting the amino groups with stronger electron-withdrawing functionalities. Despite the anticipated enhanced pi-conjugation through planarization, a hypsochromic shift was observed in the UV/Vis spectra, explained by a decrease in push-pull character. The electron affinity of the cotrimers was deduced from the first reduction potentials measured by cyclic voltammetry and is related to the electron-withdrawing character of the amino substituents. The results obtained have been compared with those of the corresponding 4-aminophenyl analogues and show that intramolecular hydrogen bonds can be used to design polymers with enhanced pi conjugation as well as a high electron affinity.
Efficient Bifunctional Nanocatalysts by Simple Postgrafting of Spatially Isolated Catalytic Groups on Mesoporous Materials (2007)

Hard graft pays off for Henry: An efficient acid–base bifunctional mesoporous catalyst was prepared by one-step post-synthesis grafting of aminoorganoalkoxysilane groups on mesoporous silica (see picture). The catalyst led to yields of over 99 % in the Henry reaction (nitroaldol condensation) of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and nitromethane to form nitrostyrene.
Dynamics of Photoexcitations in Ti3C2Tz, Mo2Ti2C3Tz, and Nb2CTz 2D MXenes (2022)

MXenes are intrinsically metallic 2D materials. We apply optical pump-THz probe and optical pump-optical probe spectroscopy to unravel the relationships between MXene chemistry, structure, and nature and dynamics of photoexcitations in three MXenes with different chemistries, Ti <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> , Mo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Ti <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , and Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> CT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> .
p-Channel, n-Channel Thin Film Transistors and p−n Diodes Based on Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Networks (2004)

This paper demonstrates the use of arrays of networks of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and electrical breakdown procedures for building thin film transistors (TFTs) that have good, reproducible performance and high current output. Channel length scaling analysis of these TFTs indicates that the resistance at the source/drain contacts is a small fraction of the device resistance, in the linear regime. When measured with the channel exposed to air or coated by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), these transistors operate in the unipolar p mode. By spin-coating the polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) on the channel region, these transistors can be switched to operate in the unipolar n mode. Patterning the exposure of a single channel to PMMA and PEI yields p−n diodes. These results indicate that SWNT-TFTs can provide the building blocks of complex complementary circuits for a range of applications in macroelectronics, sensors, and other systems.
Stabilizing Dynamic Controllers for Hybrid Systems: A Hybrid Control Lyapunov Function Approach (2014)

This paper proposes a dynamic controller structure and a systematic design procedure for stabilizing discrete-time hybrid systems. The proposed approach is based on the concept of control Lyapunov functions (CLFs), which, when available, can be used to design a stabilizing state-feedback control law. In general, the construction of a CLF for hybrid dynamical systems involving both continuous and discrete states is extremely complicated, especially in the presence of non-trivial discrete dynamics. Therefore, we introduce the novel concept of a hybrid control Lyapunov function, which allows the compositional design of a discrete and a continuous part of the CLF, and we formally prove that the existence of a hybrid CLF guarantees the existence of a classical CLF. A constructive procedure is provided to synthesize a hybrid CLF, by expanding the dynamics of the hybrid system with a specific controller dynamics. We show that this synthesis procedure leads to a dynamic controller that can be implemented by a receding horizon control strategy, and that the associated optimization problem is numerically tractable for a fairly general class of hybrid systems, useful in real world applications. Compared to classical hybrid receding horizon control algorithms, the proposed approach typically requires a shorter prediction horizon to guarantee asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, which yields a reduction of the computational burden, as illustrated through two examples.
Amiloride inhibits murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation: evidence for a Ca2+ requirement for commitment. (1980)

The effect of amiloride (an inhibitor of passive Na+ transport in many tissues) on the differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells was investigated. Amiloride completely blocked the dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO)-induced erythroid differentiation of cells at a concentration (10 microgram/ml) that did not affect cell proliferation. Amiloride also prevented the decrease in cell volume normally observed afte a 20-hr exposure to Me2SO. The ratio of total cell Na+ to total cell water was essentially the same for control cells, Me2SO-treated cells, and cells treated with Me2SO plus amiloride. However, cells treated for 24 hr with Me2SO had a rate of Ca2+ uptake that was twice that of untreated cells and a similarly higher Ca2+ content. Addition of amiloride plus Me2SO prevented both the increase in Ca2+ uptake rate and the increase in Ca2+ content. Cells grown in the presence of Me2SO plus amiloride initiated differentiation immediately after removal of amiloride or addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (1 microgram/ml). Addition of sufficient ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to reduce free extracellular Ca2+ to submicromolar levels prevented Me2SO-induced differentiation while only slightly affecting cell proliferation. These results suggest that an increase in in the Ca2+ level is an essential step in Me2SO induction, that amiloride either directly or indirectly inhibits this process, and that Me2SO has an early effect on cells that is necessary for differentiation and is not mimicked by A23187.
Hydro-MRT chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (1997)

Hydro-MRI is a very reliable modality in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. In the differentiation of Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis, hydro-MRI seems to be a promising imaging procedure.
Study of methodology for gain-switched holmium-doped fiber laser combined with Q-switched Thulium-doped fiber laser (2017)

Pulsed fiber laser operating at 2000 nm is of great interest in applications such as LIDAR system using very low atmospheric absorption bands, material processing for transparent plastics, etc. Thulium- and holmium-doped silicate glass fibers have been the best choice as a gain medium for the fiber lasers. In particular, a holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL) has drawn much attention because it opened up the possibility to extend the operating wavelength beyond 2100 nm. The pump source of the HDFL has been typically a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) due to the availability of high power at 1950 nm where the HDF has the maximum absorption. A gain-switched HDFL is the pulsed fiber laser built on the same architecture. The pump source, in this case, has been either a Q-switched TDFL pump by a continuous wave (CW) laser at 793 nm or another gain-switched TDFL pumped by a pulsed laser at 1550 nm. Such cascaded pumping scheme leads the laser configuration to be complicated having redundant optical components [1, 2]. We proposed a couple of methodologies for integrating the gain-switched HDFL and the Q-switched TDFL on a single laser cavity. The main idea here is to let the HDF, the saturable absorber of the Q-switched TDFL, be the gain at the same time in the cavity, thereby being a gain-switched HDFL. One of proposed methods to realize the idea appears in Fig. 1(a). The laser consists of a ring cavity with a linear section. The TDF and HDF are in the ring cavity, and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG, reflection at 1950 nm), a variable optical attenuator and a fiber mirror are in the linear section. In the Q-switched TDFL configuration, the HDF functions as a saturable absorber. The FBG determines the lasing wavelength of 1950 nm at the highest level of attenuation (no reflection from the fiber mirror), which is for case (i) in Fig. 1(b). Very stable output pulses are observed in this case. The lasing wavelength jumps up to the wavelength of 2008 nm at the middle level of attenuation, which corresponds to case (ii) in Fig. 2(b). This is because the effective thulium gain at 2008 nm gets higher than that at 1950 nm. In the meantime, output pulses become unstable due to the low modulation depth of the HDF at the wavelength. At the lowest level of attenuation, the laser operates at two different wavelengths as shown in case (iii) in Fig. 2(b): one is at 1987 nm and the other is at 2013 nm. The attenuator can control the distance of separation, which can be understood by considering the spectral emission and absorption profiles of TDF and HDF. The shorter wavelength (1987 nm) is expected to be from the Q-switched TDFL and the longer wavelength (2013 nm) the gain-switched HDFL. In this presentation, we will introduce two methods for integrating gain-switched holmium-doped fiber laser and Q-switched thulium-doped fiber laser and describe their experimental results.
Theoretical model for a cloudy-channel laser communications experiment (2003)

The authors presents a simplified system model for an experiment to collect the optical channel characterization data for high data rate ground to low-Earth-orbit optical communications system through clouds. The experiment consists of a 1550-nm ground-to-space shuttle uplink and a round-trip link where the signal photons are transmitted up to the space shuttle and back down to the ground. The system is designed to operate with thin to intermediate thickness clouds in the communications channel. The results of calculated link margins and system requirements are presented.
Core-Shell Nanostars for Multimodal Therapy and Imaging (2016)

The coupling of diagnostic capability and effective therapy in a single multifunctional nanomedicine is desirable but remains challenging. Here, we developed multifunctional nanoparticles consisting of a gold nanostar (AuNS) core with a shell of metal-drug coordination polymer (CP). The AuNS core enabled plasmonic photothermal effect and two-photon photoluminescence (TPL), while the CP shell of gadolinium and gemcitabine monophosphate allowed chemotherapy and MRI imaging. The AuNS@CP nanoparticles exhibited a strong <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> contrast signal and could monitor the localization of nanoparticles in vivo through noninvasive MR imaging, while intravital TPL imaging could be used to study nanoparticle behavior in tumors at the microscopic level. The combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
Characterization of polarization-sensitive MKID arrays to be deployed in BLAST-TNG (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have held promise as the focal plane sensing elements in large-format imaging arrays for over a decade and have now found application in several ground-based instruments. In this presentation, we discuss the first implementation of MKIDs for a suborbital instrument in the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope – The Next Generation (BLAST-TNG), a suborbital imaging array designed to study the role magnetic fields play in star formation and bridge the angular scales between Planck’s low resolution all-sky maps and ALMA’s ultra-high resolution narrow fields. BLAST-TNG is scheduled to launch from Antarctica in December 2018. This experiment will utilize 8 times as many polarization sensitive detectors and will have 16 times greater mapping speed compared to its predecessor BLASTpol. This will also be a demonstration for future MKID instruments for ground based telescopes, e.g. TolTEC arrays on the LMT, as well as proposed space based missions. We have built three, large-format MKID arrays for BLAST-TNG. Each monolithic 100mm diameter array is sensitive to a different waveband centered at 250 micron, 350 micron, or 500 micron; together comprising 3318 individual polarization-sensitive detectors. The detector arrays are read out with high levels of multiplexing, with each microwave feedline addressing between 466 and 938 unique resonators depending on the array. Designing for space-like low photon loads, polarization-sensitivity, different frequency bands, and 275 mK operation all pose unique challenges. We address these challenges by employing feedhorn-coupled, dual-polarization sensitive pixels fabricated from TiN/Ti multilayers that combine high responsivity, high uniformity, low loss, and a tunable superconducting Tc. Here, we present the detailed design and fabrication of these arrays, which includes an optimized quarter wavelength silicon backshort for each band realized by micromachining a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer, aluminum patching of the TiN/Ti absorbing inductor to increase response and tune the effective optical coupling impedance, and a semi-automated layout scheme to make a stepper-compliant lithography process that tiles identical stepper images across the array and then trims them individually to minimize their frequency scatter and crosstalk. This results in high quality, easily reconfigurable, and uniform arrays of MKIDs. We show measurements that demonstrate high pixel yield, > 98% polarization isolation, and a noise equivalent power (NEP) limited by photon noise at the expected in-flight photon load.
Flat access and mobility architecture: An IPv6 distributed client mobility management solution (2011)

The use of centralized mobility management approaches - such as Mobile IPv6 - poses some difficulties to operators of current and future networks, due to the expected large number of mobile users and their exigent demands. All this has triggered the need for distributed mobility management alternatives, that alleviate operators' concerns allowing for cheaper and more efficient network deployments. This paper proposes a distributed mobility solution, based on Mobile IPv6 and the use of Cryptographic Generated Addresses. We analytically compare the solution to Mobile IPv6, and derive in which scenarios it performs best.
Ionic Liquid Development for Absorption Heat Pump Applications (2014)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a unique class of solvents with many potential applications, including absorption heating/cooling. Due to the large number of possible combinations of cations and anions, it is possible to tune the IL to obtain the required properties for the application of interest. Many ILs are very hydrophilic, while even the most hydrophobic ILs often absorb significant amounts of water. The presence of water in an IL can have a large effect on the system properties. For instance, a small amount of dissolved water often leads to a dramatic reduction in the viscosity of the mixture. Dissolved water also affects the ionic conductivity of ILs and alters the solvation power of ILs for both polar and non-polar solutes. Knowledge of the phase diagram of these IL/water mixtures therefore is essential when designing absorption heating systems. Measuring isotherms often requires time consuming and/or expensive experiments, and does not necessarily lead to a deeper understanding of the molecular level interactions responsible for water-IL interactions. In contrast, molecular simulations are relatively inexpensive to perform, allowing one to screen potential ILs for a given application. Simulation also provides a detailed picture of how water and a given IL interact, thereby providing insight more » into ways of designing an IL to have a desired water solubility. Toward this end, atomistic-level Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been performed to predict isotherms for a variety of IL/water mixtures. The simulations predict that exchanging some of the IL cations with a small metal cation can lead to an increase in the hydrophilicity of the IL, which impacts the capacity of the fluid and the enthalpy of mixing. Molecular dynamics simulations, which unlike Monte Carlo simulations capture timedependent properties, were also carried out to estimate the relative viscosities of the solutions. « less
Detection Tasks and Decision Thoery for Quantum Limited Imagery (1989)

Signal detection theory is an approach to predicting imaging system performance through the calculation of the performance of an ideal or Bayesian observer for some model task. 1 By calculating the ideal-observer performance over a range of system design parameters, the effect of those parameters on image quality can be quantified. Implicit in this approach to image assessment is the assumption that ideal performance is relevant to the performance of the human observer, so that a system optimized for the ideal observer will likewise be optimized for the human observer, given an appropriate display strategy. Also implicit is the assumption that the model task is representative of the tasks that are to be performed in the "real world".