gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cholesterol and Sugar on the Penetration of Glycodendrimeric Phenylporphyrins into Biomimetic Models of Retinoblastoma Cells Membranes (2010)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered one efficient treatment against retinoblastoma. The specificity of a photosensitizer and its penetration into cancerous cells are crucial for achieving tumor necrosis. The selection of photosensitizers such as porphyrin derivatives by tumor cells thus depends to a large extent on their ability to interact with the biological membrane. In this work, we have studied by surface pressure measurements and fluorescence spectroscopy the interaction between three newly synthesized dendrimeric phenylporphyrins and monolayers or liposomes with increasing cholesterol content mimicking the retinoblastoma cell membrane. The morphology of phospholipid-cholesterol-porphyrin mixed monolayers was also analyzed by Brewster angle microscopy. The results showed that the increase in cholesterol content in the model membranes had almost no effect on the effective penetration of the drugs into the lipid layers. Conversely, the chemical structure of the glycodendrimeric phenylporphyrins and the presence of sugar moieties especially appeared to play a crucial role. Although the non-glycoconjugated phenylporphyrin penetrated to a greater extent than glycodendrimeric ones into the liposome membrane, this could be achieved at a high lipid/porphyrin ratio only. Glycodendrimeric porphyrins exhibited improved surface properties compared to the non-glycoconjugated derivative and could penetrate into lipid layers even at low lipid/porphyrin ratios and high surface pressures. Our work highlights the role in the passive diffusion of porphyrins into biomimetic cancer cell membranes, of complex interactions among the lipid molecules, the sugar moieties, and the hydrophobic macrocycle of the porphyrins.
A Tensorial Affine Projection Algorithm (2021)

The affine projection algorithm (APA) represents a popular choice in system identification scenarios, especially with correlated input signals. In this paper, we address the multilinear identification problem, in the framework of multiple-input single-output systems. The main challenge consists of a large parameter space, which can be efficiently reshaped into a tensorial form. The proposed tensor-based APA is tailored for the identification of such multilinear forms, since it combines the solutions provided by the individual (shorter) filters. Simulation results indicate the appealing performance of this algorithm.
Effect of network mesh size and swelling to the drug delivery from pH responsive hydrogels (2019)

ABSTRACT pH responsive hydrogels are ideal platforms for numerous therapeutic delivery applications, including oral delivery, as they are capable of overcoming the many barriers that must be considered when creating an effective drug delivery system. Understanding of the innate hydrogel network structure and its swelling behavior at environmentally relevant conditions is vital for designing hydrogel network capable of effective controlled drug release. Herein, we explored how to expand traditional techniques of swelling and pore characterization to gain better insight into the performance of anionic microparticles composed of the poly(methyl methacrylate‐ co ‐acrylic acid) with varying molar percentage of 10, 20, and 30 mol% of MMA, for controlled release of low‐molecular‐weight drugs. By evaluating these carrier systems at environmental conditions, we can observe changes in swelling and pore size of the anionic hydrogel networks as a function of MMA, which was then correlated with the release profiles of the small‐molecular‐weight drug sodium nitrate. With the correlation of the swelling behavior of the networks and the release profiles, we demonstrated how the expansion of swelling parameters at relevant pH values provides further incite for evaluating for the optimal blend for controlled release. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48767.
Mortality after multivessel revascularisation involving the proximal left anterior descending artery (2022)

SYNTAXES: NCT03417050; SYNTAX: NCT00114972.
A Novel Control Allocation Method for Yaw Control of Tailless Aircraft (2020)

Tailless aircraft without vertical stabilisers typically use drag effectors in the form of spoilers or split flaps to generate control moments in yaw. This paper introduces a novel control allocation method by which full three-axis control authority can be achieved by the use of conventional lift effectors only, which reduces system complexity and control deflection required to achieve a given yawing moment. The proposed method is based on synthesis of control allocation modes that generate asymmetric profile and lift induced drag whilst maintaining the lift, pitching moment and rolling moment at the trim state. The method uses low order models for aerodynamic behaviour characterisation based on thin aerofoil theory, lifting surface methodology and ESDU datasheets and is applied to trapezoidal wings of varying sweep and taper. Control allocation modes are derived using the zero-sets of surrogate models for the characterised aerodynamic behaviours. Results are presented in the form of control allocations for a range of trimmed sideslip angles up to 10 degrees optimised for either maximum aerodynamic efficiency (minimum drag for a specific yawing moment) or minimum aggregate control deflection (as a surrogate observability metric). Outcomes for the two optimisation objectives are correlated in that minimum deflection solutions are always consistent with efficient ones. A configuration with conventional drag effector is used as a reference baseline. It is shown that, through appropriate allocation of lift based control effectors, a given yawing moment can be produced with up to a factor of eight less aggregate control deflection and up to 30% less overall drag compared to use of a conventional drag effector.
Magnetic Block Ionomer Complexes for Potential Dual Imaging and Therapeutic Agents (2012)

Magnetic block ionomer complexes (MBICs) containing a combination of therapeutic and imaging agents are of great interest for delivering drugs and tracking their biodistribution with magnetic resonance imaging. With an aim to develop nanocarriers with high drug loadings that integrate magnetic nanoparticles into one system, we herein report antibiotic-laden MBICs based on assembly of poly(ethylene oxide-b-acrylate) (PEO-b-PAA) ionomers with nanomagnetite and gentamicin. The polymer was bound to the magnetic nanoparticle surfaces via ligand adsorption of the PAA block, thereby creating a double corona structure with a nonionic PEO shell and an ionic region rich in PAA. The portion of carboxylates that were not bound to the magnetite provided binding sites for drug loading via ionic complexation. PEO was chosen as a block copolymer segment to improve biocompatibility and aid in dispersion through interparticle steric repulsion. Intensity average diameters increased from 34 to 62 nm upon adding the drug, suggesting that the particles formed small clusters. Zeta potentials decreased from approximately −40 without gentamicin to approximately −10 mV with the drug, indicating that the drug effectively localized the charges in the MBIC cores. Approximately 35 wt % of the encapsulated gentamicin was released under physiological conditions within 10 h, and this was followed by slower release of another 7% by 18 h. The solid magnetite core serves as a multifunctional substrate for block ionomers to stably adsorb, thus acting as a pseudo-crosslinking site in the complexes that enhances their stability. Complexes between PEO-b-PAA and gentamicin without magnetite instantaneously dissociate in saline buffer. When the same copolymer was adsorbed onto magnetite, subsequent complexation with gentamicin resulted in stable complexes that withstood media with physiological ionic strength.
Study Design and Rationale of a Dose‐Ranging Trial of LX4211, a Dual Inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2, in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy (2013)

Sodium-glucose cotransporters 1 (SGLT1) and 2 (SGLT2) are the major cellular transporters responsible for gastrointestinal (GI) glucose absorption and renal glucose reabsorption, respectively. LX4211, a dual inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2, reduces glucose absorption from the GI tract and enhances urinary glucose excretion. Although several SGLT2-selective inhibitors have been tested in large phase 2 studies, dual inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2 is novel at this stage of drug development, and it has implications for clinical-trial design. In this article, we describe the design and rationale of a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LX4211 in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy. The primary endpoint is the change in glycated hemoglobin A1c from baseline to week 12. Secondary endpoints include the proportion of subjects achieving a glycated hemoglobin A1c value of <7%, change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose (as part of an oral glucose tolerance test), body weight, and blood pressure. Safety is evaluated with particular focus on hypoglycemia, GI symptoms, and incidence of genitourinary tract infections.
Wastewater GHG Accounting Protocols as Compared to the State of GHG Science (2016)

Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting protocols have addressed emissions from wastewater conveyance and treatment using a variety of simplifying methodologies. While these methodologies vary to some degree by protocol, within each protocol they provide consistent tools for organizational entities of varying size and scope to report and verify GHG emissions. Much of the science supporting these methodologies is either limited or the protocols have failed to keep abreast of developing GHG research. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the sources of direct GHG emissions (both those covered and not covered in current protocols) from wastewater handling; provides a review of the wastewater-related methodologies in a select group of popular protocols; and discusses where research has out-paced protocol methodologies and other areas where the supporting science is relatively weak and warrants further exploration.
Conditional Handover in 5G - Principles, Future Use Cases and FR2 Performance (2022)

This paper elaborates on Conditional Handover (CHO) - a mobility feature designed in Release 16 of 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), aimed at improving the reliability of handover in cellular networks. CHO has turned out to be a successful feature and attracted several other areas of mobile networks, where increased reliability is also desirable (e.g. Non-Terrestrial Networks or Integrated Access Backhaul). This paper explains the principles of CHO, describes its future use in vertical areas and provides performance results showing the gains CHO may offer to 5G systems at higher frequency bands. Our simulative analysis was focused on the handover in Frequency Range 2 (FR2) and CHO recovery procedure. Results have shown that also at higher frequencies CHO can substantially reduce the mobility failures compared to baseline handover of Release 15. Moreover, it has been verified that CHO recovery can be a useful means to allow faster reconnection to the network after a failure. In certain scenarios CHO Recovery usage ratio was found to exceed 80%. The paper also outlines the future research and standardization directions in the area of CHO which appears to be a solid candidate for further development in 3GPP Release 18 and beyond.
Specific COVID-19 Symptoms Correlate with High Antibody Levels against SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Lasting immunity will be critical for overcoming COVID-19. However, the factors associated with the development of high titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs and how long those Abs persist remain incompletely defined. In particular, an understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 symptoms and anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs is limited. To address these unknowns, we quantified serum anti-SARS- CoV-2 Abs in clinically diverse COVID-19 convalescent human subjects 5 wk (<i>n</i> = 113) and 3 mo (<i>n</i> = 79) after symptom resolution with three methods: a novel multiplex assay to quantify IgG against four SARS-CoV-2 Ags, a new SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibition assay, and a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing assay. We then identified clinical and demographic factors, including never-before-assessed COVID-19 symptoms, that consistently correlate with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels. We detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs in 98% of COVID-19 convalescent subjects 5 wk after symptom resolution, and Ab levels did not decline at 3 mo. Greater disease severity, older age, male sex, higher body mass index, and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score correlated with increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels. Moreover, we report for the first time (to our knowledge) that COVID-19 symptoms, most consistently fever, body aches, and low appetite, correlate with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels. Our results provide robust and new insights into the development and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs.
Wide-scale surface measurement using white light interferometry and atomic force microscopy (1998)

A variety of technical applications require surface roughnesses to be measured and characterized over a wide range of scale. In order to meet these requirements it is inevitable to combine different measurement techniques by using an assembled PSD. As an example the white light interferometry (WLI) is compared to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) by measuring a binary grating. The results show a good correspondence of the profiles and power spectral densities (PSD). Furthermore, rough surfaces are measured by WLI and AFM and combined by means of the PSD in a wide range of scale covering up to 5 orders of magnitude. It will be shown, that in some cases only the combined PSD will give the right results to describe the surface by a model PSD. It turns out that either the fractal or the ABC-model are very well suited.
Up-regulation of MUC1 in mammary tumors generated in a double-transgenic mouse expressing human MUC1 cDNA, under the control of 1.4-kb 5? MUC1 promoter sequence and the middle T oncogene, expressed from the MMTV promoter (2001)

In this study we examined the regulation of expression of the human MUC1 gene in vivo, by developing MUC1 transgenic mice. The data showed that epithelial-specific expression of MUC1 can be directed by just 1.4 kb of 5' flanking sequence using MUC1 cDNA as a reporter gene in vivo. Furthermore, high levels of MUC1 expression were seen in the lactating mammary gland and in spontaneous mammary tumors generated by crossing the MUC1 transgenics with mice transgenic for the polyoma middle T oncogene under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. This pattern of expression in epithelial tissues is comparable to the expression of MUC1 in humans and also to the expression pattern in another transgenic mouse line developed with a 10.6-kb genomic MUC1 fragment. This study confirmed that MUC1 is a compact gene and demonstrated that the 1.4-kb 5' sequence not only directs epithelial-specific expression of MUC1 in vivo but also contains the elements governing the up-regulation observed during lactation and in malignancy.
Immunoglobulin deficiency as an indicator of disease severity in patients with COVID-19 (2020)

Despite the pandemic status of COVID-19, there is limited information about host risk factors and treatment beyond supportive care. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) could be a potential treatment target. Our aim was to determine the incidence of IgG deficiency and associated risk factors in a cohort of 62 critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to two German ICUs (72.6% male, median age: 61 yr). Thirteen (21.0%) of the patients displayed IgG deficiency (IgG < 7 g/L) at baseline (predominant for the IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses). Patients who were IgG-deficient had worse measures of clinical disease severity than those with normal IgG levels (shorter duration from disease onset to ICU admission, lower ratio of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and higher levels of ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and serum creatinine). Patients who were IgG-deficient were also more likely to have sustained lower levels of lymphocyte counts and higher levels of ferritin throughout the hospital stay. Furthermore, patients who were IgG-deficient compared with those with normal IgG levels displayed higher rates of acute kidney injury (76.9% vs. 26.5%; <i>P</i> = 0.001) and death (46.2% vs. 14.3%; <i>P</i> = 0.012), longer ICU [28 (6-48) vs. 12 (3-18) days; <i>P</i> = 0.012] and hospital length of stay [30 (22-50) vs. 18 (9-24) days; <i>P</i> = 0.004]. Univariable logistic regression showed increasing odds of 90-day overall mortality associated with IgG-deficiency (odds ratio 5.14, 95% confidence interval 1.3-19.9; <i>P</i> = 0.018). IgG deficiency might be common in patients with COVID-19 who are critically ill, and warrants investigation as both a marker of disease severity as well as a potential therapeutic target.
Scalable Wide-band Audio Codec based on Frequency Domain Linear Prediction (2007)

This paper proposes a technique for wide-band audio applications based on the predictability of the temporal evolution of Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) sub-band signals. An input audio signal is first decomposed into 64 frequency sub-band signals using QMF decomposition. The temporal envelopes in critically sampled QMF sub-bands are approximated using frequency domain linear prediction applied over relatively long time segments (e.g. $1000$ ms). Line Spectral Frequency parameters related to autoregressive models are computed and quantized in each frequency sub-band. The sub-band residual signals are quantized in the frequency domain using a split Vector Quantization (VQ) technique. In the decoder, the sub-band signal is reconstructed using the quantized residual and the corresponding quantized envelope. Finally, application of inverse QMF reconstructs the audio signal. Even with simple quantization techniques and without any psychoacoustic model, the proposed audio coder provides encouraging results on objective quality tests.
RidgeBase: A Cross-Sensor Multi-Finger Contactless Fingerprint Dataset (2022)

Contactless fingerprint matching using smartphone cameras can alleviate major challenges of traditional fingerprint systems including hygienic acquisition, portability and presentation attacks. However, development of practical and robust contactless fingerprint matching techniques is constrained by the limited availablity of large scale real-world datasets. To motivate further advances in contactless fingerprint matching across sensors, we introduce the RidgeBase benchmark dataset. RidgeBase consists of more than 15,000 contactless and contact-based fingerprint image pairs acquired from 88 individuals under different background and lighting conditions using two smartphone cameras and one flatbed contact sensor. Unlike existing datasets, RidgeBase is designed to promote research under different matching scenarios that include Single Finger Matching and Multi-Finger Matching for both contactless-to-contactless (CL2CL) and contact-to-contactless (C2CL) verification and identification. Furthermore, due to the high intra-sample variance in contactless fingerprints belonging to the same finger, we propose a set-based matching protocol inspired by the advances in facial recognition datasets. This protocol is specifically designed for pragmatic contactless fingerprint matching that can account for variances in focus, polarity and finger-angles. We report qualitative and quantitative baseline results for different protocols using a COTS fingerprint matcher (Verifinger) and a Deep CNN based approach on the RidgeBase dataset. The dataset can be downloaded here: https://www.buffalo.edu/cubs/research/datasets/ridgebase-benchmark-dataset.html
Noninvasive imaging of hemorrhage‐induced global ischemia with a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase coupled to hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF1α) (2009)

Hemorrhagic shock leads to global ischemia, but available blood is distributed unevenly to the body's organs and it is generally accepted that blood is shunted to those organs that maintain critical functions. The organs that become most ischemic and their role in hemorrhagic shock, however, have not been determined. We used the recently described, genetically engineered mouse FVB.129S6‐Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(HIF1α/luc) Kael/J* (Jackson Laboratories) which has a luciferase gene fused to the region of HIF1α that binds to von Hippel‐Lindau protein in an oxygen‐dependent manner generating a reporter that can be used to monitor oxygen availability in intact tissues. Thus more light would be emitted from ischemic tissue. To determine if this mouse could be used to identify organs affected by hemorrhagic shock, 40 per cent of the calculated blood volume was removed via the submaxillary vein, and the mice were injected with luciferin, anesthetized with isoflurane, and imaged in the Xenogen IVIS 100 Imaging system as a function of time after hemorrhage. The ventral surface of these mice exhibited increased light emitted from the region of the intestine that was most prominent at 3‐6 h after hemorrhage but still evident at 72 h. This technique should allow more detailed studies of those tissues most affected by hemorrhagic shock. *Safran, M.,et. al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006;103:105‐110.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ANATOLIAN CAROB POD (CERATONIA SILIQUA L.): SUGARS, AMINO AND ORGANIC ACIDS, MINERALS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS (2007)

ABSTRACT Carob pod is the fruit of the carob tree ( Ceratonia siliqua L. Fabaceae). The fruit and its products, sold both in large stores and local markets, contribute strongly to the diet of people living in the Mediterranean areas of Europe and Turkey. This study reports the composition of carob pods sampled in West and South Anatolia. Sucrose (437.3 mg/g dry weight), glucose (395.8 mg/g dry weight) and fructose (42.3 mg/g dry weight) were the major sugars identified and quantified in the fruit. Total phenolics (13.51 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g dry weight), proanthocyanidin (0.36 mg GAE/g dry weight), gallotannins (0.41 catechin equivalents [CE]/g dry weight) and flavanols (3.21 mg CE/g dry weight protein) content of the fruit were also determined. Gallic acid (3.27 mg/g dry weight) was the most abundant phenolic acid present in all three phenolic fractions (free, ester and glycoside) isolated from pods. Aspartic acid (18.25 mg/g dry weight protein) was the predominant amino acid in the pod protein fraction. Eight minerals were quantified in the fruit. Among the analyzed major minerals, K (9.70 mg/g dry weight) was the most abundant element present, and the pods were richer in Ca than in P and Mg. Levels of trace minerals were comparable to other plant species. The data are discussed in terms of the nutritional value of the carob pod. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The use of carob fruit and its food products in Turkey has been increasing in recent years. However, knowledge about the composition of carob fruit pod produced in Turkey as well as in Mediterranean countries is lacking. The present work describes a composition scale and the advantages to food technologists and consumers who use the fruit and its fruit products in their diets. The results of the study can also aid in the assessment of adequate compositional information for further studies.