gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochanin A Protects against Acute Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats (2013)

Biochanin A (BCA) is an isoflavone found in red clover possessing multiple pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer ones. The present study aimed to assess its hepatoprotective potential at different doses in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. The effects on hepatic injury were explored by measuring serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the serum levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total proteins, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were determined. The metabolic capacity of the liver was assessed by measuring changes in cytochrome P450 2E1 activity. The underlying mechanisms were substantiated by measuring oxidative stress markers as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation, as well as inflammation markers such as nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and leukocyte-common antigen. The results were confirmed by histopathological examination, and the median lethal dose was determined to confirm the safety of the drug. BCA successively protected against CCl4-induced damage, normalizing many parameters to that of the control group. The study indicates that BCA possesses multimechanistic hepatoprotective activity that can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions.
Grating Inscription to Few-Mode Multi-Core Optical Fiber (2016)

Preliminary fiber Bragg grating inscription to 2LP-mode 4-core fiber is demonstrated to confirm feasibility for optical fiber sensing application. Clear Bragg reflection spectra for LP01 and LP11 are obtained individually using all fiber-optic few-mode multi-core input/output module.
Relationship between symptom severity and steroid variation in women with premenstrual syndrome: study on serum pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate, 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one. (1996)

The relationship between symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and serum levels of pregnenolone (Pe), pregnenolone sulfate (PS), 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (5 alpha-DHP), 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha- pregnan-20-one (5 alpha-THP), LH, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) was investigated during 2 consecutive menstrual cycles in 12 patients using daily measurements. Corresponding hormones were also measured during 1 cycle in 8 control women. Pe, PS, 5 alpha-DHP, and 5 alpha-THP showed a significant cyclicity within menstrual cycles and a high rate of correlation with P variation in both PMS patients and controls. No significant difference was found between PMS patients and controls in average serum concentrations of Pe, PS, 5 alpha-DHP, 5 alpha-THP, and LH during the luteal phase, whereas a significantly higher level of E2 and a lower level of P were observed in PMS patients. The variation in symptom scores was compared with that in hormone levels within each woman. The symptom peak showed a delay of 3-4 days after the serum P, Pe, 5 alpha-DHP, and 5 alpha-THP peaks. However, the plasma PS peak appeared on the same day or only 1 day before the symptom peak in PMS patients. When comparing the 2 cycles studied, more negative symptoms occurred in cycles with higher luteal phase E2, Pe, and PS concentrations, whereas higher luteal phase 5 alpha-DHP and 5 alpha-THP concentrations were associated with improved symptom ratings in PMS patients. These results suggest that the mentioned steroids are related to the severity of distressing symptoms in PMS patients.
The effects of channel correlation on maximal ratio combining performance in the presence of cochannel interferers (2004)

In this paper, we analyze the effects of channel correlation on the performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC) in receive antenna diversity systems. In the analysis, the channel is modelled as flat Rayleigh fading, slowly varying and an arbitrary number of cochannel interferers are assumed to be present. In an interference limited scenario, an exact closed form expression for signal to interference ratio (SIR) distribution is obtained for a dual antenna system. The degradation in the outage probability as a function of the correlation severity is investigated.
Benchtop fabrication of microfluidic systems based on curable polymers with improved solvent compatibility (2012)

This paper describes a general scheme to fabricate microchannels from curable polymers on a laboratory benchtop. Using the scheme described here, benchtop fabrication of SU-8 microfluidic systems was demonstrated for the first time, and their compatibility with organic solvents was demonstrated. The fabrication process has three major stages: 1) transferring patterns of microchannels to polymer films by molding, 2) releasing the patterned film and creating inlets and outlets for fluids, and 3) sealing two films together to create a closed channel system. Addition of a PDMS slab supporting the polymer film provided structural integrity during and after fabrication, allowing manipulation of the polymer films without fracturing or deformation. SU-8 channels fabricated according to this scheme exhibited solvent compatibility against continuous exposure to acetone and ethylacetate, which are incompatible with native PDMS. Using the SU-8 channels, continuous generation of droplets of ethylacetate, and templated synthesis of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles, both with stable size, were demonstrated continuously over 24 h, and at intervals over 75 days.
Expression of the Alzheimer’s Disease Mutations AβPP695sw and PSEN1M146I in Double-Transgenic Göttingen Minipigs (2016)

Mutations in the amyloid-β protein precursor gene (AβPP), the presenilin 1 gene (PSEN1) or the presenilin 2 gene (PSEN2) that increase production of the AβPP-derived peptide Aβ42 cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Rodent models of the disease show that further increase in Aβ42 production and earlier brain pathology can be obtained by coexpressing AβPP and PSEN1 mutations. To generate such elevated Aβ42 level in a large animal model, we produced Göttingen minipigs carrying in their genome one copy of a human PSEN1 cDNA with the Met146Ile (PSEN1M146I) mutation and three copies of a human AβPP695 cDNA with the Lys670Asn/Met671Leu (AβPPsw) double-mutation. Both transgenes were expressed in fibroblasts and in the brain, and their respective proteins were processed normally. Immunohistochemical staining with Aβ42-specific antibodies detected intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42 in brains from a 10- and an 18-month-old pig. Such accumulation may represent an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
REDUCE THE HAND-EFFECT BODY LOSS FOR LTE MOBILE ANTENNA IN CTIA TALKING AND DATA MODES (2013)

The reduction in the radiation efficiency of an antenna in a mobile handset due to user's hand effects in the talking and data modes is studied. A parameter called "body loss" is defined to evaluate the degradation of the radiation efficiency. A C-fed on-ground (OG) PIFA antenna, which can cover two typical LTE bands of 0.75 GHz-0.96 GHz and 1.7 GHz-2.1 GHz, is used to study the property of the hand-effect body loss in two CITA test positions: the talking and data modes. Three different positions of the proposed antenna in the talking mode are compared, and the position with the antenna located on the bottom of the mobile handset and facing the head is recommended for minimal body loss. A modified design with a smaller antenna width is proposed to reduce further the hand-effect body loss in the talking and data modes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroacetylenes: Synthesis of 1‐Nitro‐2‐(trialkylsilyl)acetylenes via Nitrodesilylation of Bis(trialkylsilyl)acetylenes. (1987)

Abstract The bissilylacetylenes (I) react with the nitronium salts (II) to produce the nitrosilylacetylenes (III) and/or (IV).
Least favorable compressed sensing problems for first-order methods (2011)

Compressed sensing (CS) exploits the compressibility of natural signals to reduce the number of samples required for accurate reconstruction. The cost for sub-Nyquist sampling has been computationally expensive reconstruction algorithms, including large-scale ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> optimization. Therefore, first-order optimization methods that exploit only the gradient of the reconstruction cost function have been developed; notable examples include iterative soft thresholding (IST), fast iterative soft thresholding algorithm (FISTA), and approximate message passing (AMP). The performance of these algorithms has been studied mainly in the standard framework of convex optimization, called the deterministic framework here. In this paper, we first show that the deterministic approach results in overly pessimistic conclusions that are not indicative of algorithm performance in practice. As an alternative to the deterministic framework, we second study the theoretical aspects of the statistical convergence rate, a topic that has remained unexplored in the sparse recovery literature. Our theoretical and empirical studies reveal several hallmark properties of the statistical convergence of first-order methods, including universality over the matrix ensemble and the least favorable coefficient distribution.
The influence of circadian rhythm and sleep on brain microstructure (2019)

Circadian rhythms govern many biological processes and sleep regulates brain homeostasis including plasticity. Diffusion-weighted MRI is sensitive to changes in tissue microstructure and reflects learning-dependent plasticity. Here, we aimed to assess the roles of circadian rhythmicity and sleep for brain diffusivity, particularly in relation to learning. DW-MRI was conducted at three time points (t0=0h, t1=3h and t2=13h). The wake group (n=18) was scanned twice in the morning and the following evening. The sleep group (n=17) was scanned twice in the evening, slept with a mobile EEG and returned the next morning. Participants completed a learning condition, including an object-location learning task with fMRI between t0-t1 and a control condition without learning. Both groups showed similar circadian effects on mean diffusivity (MD) in both conditions. Total brain tissue MD was lower in the evening than in the morning accompanied by a negative correlation between MD and time spent awake. Over time, the wake group showed a linear MD decrease the sleep group a quadratic trend with t0&gt;t1&lt;t2. Voxels with a higher MD decrease before sleep also showed a higher increase over sleep. This relationship was stronger in the control condition. Voxels with higher task-related activation during learning showed a higher sleep-related increase than in the control. Our analyses confirm an influence of circadian rhythm on brain diffusivity and emphasize the need for proper controls. Furthermore, our data support the idea of sleep as a homeostatic process effecting synaptic downscaling and indicate that sleep-regulated effects on brain microstructure differ after learning.
Development of Animal Models of Local Retinal Degeneration (2015)

Both methods induce highly reproducible degeneration of photoreceptors over a defined area, with complete preservation of the inner retinal neurons during the 3-month follow-up. They provide a reliable platform for studies of local retinal degeneration and development of therapeutic strategies in a wide variety of species.
GSK973 Is an Inhibitor of the Second Bromodomains (BD2s) of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Family (2020)

Pan-BET inhibitors have shown profound efficacy in a number of in vivo preclinical models and have entered the clinic in oncology trials where adverse events have been reported. These inhibitors interact equipotently with the eight bromodomains of the BET family of proteins. To better understand the contribution of each domain to their efficacy and to improve from their safety profile, selective inhibitors are required. This Letter discloses the profile of GSK973, a highly selective inhibitor of the second bromodomains of the BET proteins that has undergone extensive preclinical in vitro and in vivo characterization.
Nanoparticle Flow in Polymer Grafted Channels (2019)

A better\nunderstanding of the specifics of nanoparticle transport\nthrough channels with polymer coated walls is of great importance\nfor various biological, technological, and analytical processes. Here,\nwe study flow of bare and ligand-functionalized nanoparticles in channels\ngrafted with polymer brushes using dissipative particle dynamics.\nA dimensionless relationship is established between the ratio of the\nparticle and solvent mean velocities and the scaling factor that equals\nthe ratio of the particle size to the channel width reduced by the\nhydrodynamic thickness of a polymer brush. The simulated particle\nvelocity profiles are found to be in agreement with experiments on\nthe flow of polystyrene beads in hard-wall channels with the same\nscaling factor. The fact that the dimensions of particles and channels\nin simulations and experiments differed by 3 orders of magnitude confirms\nthat the simulation results can be used to model experimental systems\nof larger size, in particular, nanoparticle separation on polymer\ngrafted chromatographic columns.
A 640pW 32kHz switched-capacitor ILO analog-to-time converter for wake-up sensor applications (2020)

This paper presents the architecture and ultra-low power (ULP) implementation of a switched-capacitor injection-locked oscillator (SC-ILO) used as analog-to-time converter for wake-up sensor applications. Thanks to a novel injection-locking scheme based on switched capacitors, the SC-ILO architecture avoids the use of power-hungry constant injection current sources. The SC-ILO design parameters and transfer function, resulting from an analytical study, are determined, and used to optimize the design. The ULP implementation strategy regarding power consumption, gain, modulation bandwidth and output phase dynamic range is presented and optimized to be compatible with audio wake-up sensor application that require ultra-low power consumption but low dynamic range performances. This paper reports SC-ILO circuit experimental measurements, fabricated in a 22 nm FDSOI process. The measured chip exhibits a 129° phase-shift range, a 6kHz bandwidth leading to a 34.6dB-dynamic range for a power consumption of 640pW under 0.4V.
.pi.-Bond feedback interpreted from the binding energy of the "2p" electrons of phosphorus (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.pi.-Bond feedback interpreted from the binding energy of the "2p" electrons of phosphorusWayne E. Morgan, Wojciech J. Stec, Royal G. Albridge, and John R. Van WazerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 5, 926–930Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50099a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50099a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Metabolomic Study of Epichloë Endophytes for Screening Antifungal Metabolites (2022)

<i>Epichloë</i> endophytes, fungal endosymbionts of Pooidae grasses, are commonly utilized in forage and turf industries because they produce beneficial metabolites that enhance resistance against environmental stressors such as insect feeding and disease caused by phytopathogen infection. In pastoral agriculture, phytopathogenic diseases impact both pasture quality and animal production. Recently, bioactive endophyte strains have been reported to secrete compounds that significantly inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. A screen of previously described <i>Epichloë</i>-produced antifeedant and toxic alkaloids determined that the antifungal bioactivity observed is not due to the production of these known metabolites, and so there is a need for methods to identify new bioactive metabolites. The process described here is applicable more generally for the identification of antifungals in new endophytes. This study aims to characterize the fungicidal potential of novel, 'animal friendly' <i>Epichloë</i> endophyte strains NEA12 and NEA23 that exhibit strong antifungal activity using an in vitro assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation, followed by metabolite analysis, identified 61 metabolites that, either singly or in combination, are responsible for the observed bioactivity. Analysis of the perennial ryegrass-endophyte symbiota confirmed that NEA12 and NEA23 produce the prospective antifungal metabolites in symbiotic association and thus are candidates for compounds that promote disease resistance <i>in planta</i>. The "known unknown" suite of antifungal metabolites identified in this study are potential biomarkers for the selection of strains that enhance pasture and turf production through better disease control.
Comparison of projection and proximity printings--from UV to x ray (1990)

Projection and proximity printings are compared in terms of linewidth tolerance. Computer simulated exposure-defocus and gap-exposure diagrams are used to characterize the two techniques respectively. The depth of focus for projection printing in terms of the universal depth parameter k2 is evaluated as a function of the universal width parameter k1, for five long and short representative lithographic features, then three long features. Similarly, the depth of focus and working distance for proximity printing are evaluated for a O.25-jm system in x-ray and 2.5-,um system in uv and some preliminary comparison to experimental results is shown. The image contours and depth of focus of the two imaging techniques are compared. Proximity effects are present for both techniques. The distinction of working distance and depth of focus for proximity printing is observed for the first time. Against intuition, a shorter mask-to-wafer gap is not always better.
Reduction of anchor losses by etched slots in aluminum nitride contour mode resonators (2013)

This paper presents a new technique to increase the quality factor, Q, of AlN Contour Mode Resonators (CMRs). The technique uses etched slots in the body of AlN CMRs to reduce energy dissipation through the anchors. The reduction of the energy lost through the supporting anchors improves the device Q without altering its electromechanical coupling, k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . An almost 50% improvement in the Figure of Merit, FoM, defined as the product between Q and k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , has been measured in 220 MHz AlN CMRs.
Acute Urinary Retention in Female Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment (1983)

Acute urinary retention in female patients often is attributed to psychogenic disturbances. However, it is apparent that this problem may be the harbinger of significant organic illness. Our experience with 27 patients reveals that careful evaluation and appropriate treatment prevent further urological complications and aid in the diagnosis of underlying pathological conditions.
Enhancing the efficiency benefit of thermal barrier coatings for homogeneous charge compression ignition engines through application of a low-k oxide (2020)

Prior experiments reported by the authors have proven the hypothesis that achieving a dynamic temperature swing on the combustion chamber surface will lead to improved thermal and combustion efficiencies of the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. A thin layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia, roughly 150 μm, was plasma sprayed on the piston top. It led to markedly advanced ignition and heat release in the gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition engine, accompanied with reduced unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, improved combustion efficiency, and a higher thermal efficiency. A related computational study highlighted the critical role of coating thermal conductivity in achieving a desired dynamic response; hence, the second phase of experimental investigations focused on introducing structured porosity in the yttria-stabilized zirconia coating, as a means of reducing effective conductivity. Indeed, additional incremental improvements were observed, as well as limitations related to adverse effects of the surface roughness and the fuel interactions with the surface roughness and open pores. Erosion can also be a problem in a direct injection engine. Therefore, the third round of investigations focused on a material with a natively low conductivity (low-k), sprayed on the top of an Al piston in a relatively dense form, and in a way that yields a smooth surface. The objective was to capitalize on the low conductivity, while avoiding the pitfalls accompanying high-porosity formulations. The heat-storage capacity was limited by keeping the thickness relatively low. The results verify the paramount importance of thermal conductivity in the context of high “temperature swing” behavior and indicate a potential to improve the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine’s combustion efficiency roughly 1.5%, with the overall indicated efficiency improvement on the order of 5%, on a relative basis. In addition, the low-k oxide thermal barrier applied to the piston extended significantly the low-load homogeneous charge compression ignition operability limit.
The role of usability in the evaluation of accidents: human error or design flaw? (2012)

This article aims to highlight the role of consumer products companies in the heart and the extent of accidents involving these types of products, and as such undesired events take part as an agent in influencing decision making for the purchase of a product that nature on the part of consumers and users. The article demonstrates, by reference, interviews and case studies such as the development of poorly designed products and design errors of design can influence the usage behavior of users, thus leading to accidents, and also negatively affect the next image of a company. The full explanation of these types of questions aims to raise awareness, plan on a reliable usability, users and consumers in general about the safe use of consumer products, and also safeguard their rights before a legal system of consumer protection, even far away by the CDC--Code of Consumer Protection.