gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Study of Pore Structure and Mechanical Property Change of Tight Sand Due to Thermochemical Treatment (2019)

Abstract The demand for unconventional gas is rapidly increasing to provide enough energy to maintain sustainable growth for industrial countries. Even oil producers can develop UG to be directed to internal industrial and power consumptions. As Unconventional gas reservoirs are located in deep high-stress formations, one of the critical challenges gas producers are facing is to develop a cost effective stimulation method that can reduce production cost to lower than Break-even. In this paper a novel stimulation method, based on thermochemicals, is introduced. Thermochemicals when injected in tight reservoirs generate localized pressure-pulses, which result in creating microfractures, improve permeability and increase stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Tight core samples were treated with thermochemicals and the impact on mechanical properties were studied. Generated localized pressure was clearly detected during Coreflood treatment. Microstructural and mineralogical properties were also investigated using microscopy and spectroscopy. CT-scan, micro CT-Scan, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and ultrasonic velocities were measured pre and post treatment. Results showed creation of fractures and microfractures, which resulted in improved rock conductivity. Results show that, micro-factures are created inside the used sample due to the in-situ generation of heat and pressure. The density of those micro-factures is strong function of the chemical concentration and the injected volume. Creation of micro-factures leads to improve the formation conductivity and reduce the capillary forces, therefore, enhances the hydrocarbon recovery. The outcome of this study is to understand the impact of thermochemical treatment on rock integrity. The ultimate objective is to establish a relationship between the injected chemicals and the alterations of formation properties such as permeability and porosity. This work will serve as a baseline for designing and conducting thermochemical operations for hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this study a novel stimulation technique to increase stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is presented. In basins with excessive tectonic stresses, the current novel treatment can become an enabler to deeply stimulate well stages which otherwise left untreated. A new methodology is developed to lower fracturing cost and increase unconventional gas production. A better connectivity reduces the required number of hydraulic fracturing-stages.
Shigella Spa32 Is an Essential Secretory Protein for Functional Type III Secretion Machinery and Uniformity of Its Needle Length (2002)

The Shigella type III secretion machinery is responsible for delivering to host cells the set of effectors required for invasion. The type III secretion complex comprises a needle composed of MxiH and MxiI and a basal body made up of MxiD, MxiG, and MxiJ. In S. flexneri, the needle length has a narrow range, with a mean of approximately 45 nm, suggesting that it is strictly regulated. Here we show that Spa32, encoded by one of the spa genes, is an essential protein translocated via the type III secretion system and is involved in the control of needle length as well as type III secretion activity. When the spa32 gene was mutated, the type III secretion complexes possessed needles of various lengths, ranging from 40 to 1,150 nm. Upon introduction of a cloned spa32 into the spa32 mutant, the bacteria produced needles of wild-type length. The spa32 mutant overexpressing MxiH produced extremely long (>5 microm) needles. Spa32 was secreted into the medium via the type III secretion system, but secretion did not depend on activation of the system. The spa32 mutant and the mutant overexpressing MxiH did not secrete effectors such as Ipa proteins into the medium or invade HeLa cells. Upon introduction of Salmonella invJ, encoding InvJ, which has 15.4% amino acid identity with Spa32, into the spa32 mutant, the bacteria produced type III needles of wild-type length and efficiently entered HeLa cells. These findings suggest that Spa32 is an essential secreted protein for a functional type III secretion system in Shigella spp. and is involved in the control of needle length. Furthermore, its function is interchangeable with that of Salmonella InvJ.
Contactless Gas Mixture Measurements Using Distributed and Synchronized Low-Cost Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar Sensors (2019)

In a multitude of industrial processes, various sensing technologies are employed to monitor gaseous substances. However, many traditional sensor types are not suitable for operation under harsh environmental conditions. Radar-based time-of-flight permittivity measurements have been proposed as alternative but suffer from high cost and limited accuracy in highly cluttered industrial plants. We propose a novel concept that utilizes two synchronized low-cost frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar sensors for a direct transmission measurement with increased robustness and accuracy. A prototype based on fully-integrated millimeter-wave radar transceivers was realized and multiple measurements demonstrate a significant improvement to previously published techniques due to higher signal-to-noise ratio and compensation of systematic setup induced errors.
Table S3 from Identification of Recurrent <i>FGFR3–TACC3</i> Fusion Oncogenes from Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3. Specific mutations identified in HER2, KRAS and BRAF genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Joint Scheduling and Power Adaptation in NOMA-Based Fog-Radio Access Networks (2018)

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising technology for 5G that enables each resource unit to simultaneously serve multiple users. This work evaluates the potential benefit of joint scheduling and power adaptation in NOMA- based downlink in Fog-Radio Access Networks (FRAN). We consider the downlink of a FRAN, where the Fog Access Points (FAPs) are connected to central cloud baseband units (BBUs) through capacity-constrained fronthaul links. The FAPs adopt a two-user NOMA scheme, within each resource block (RB), to serve a common set of users. The paper formulates an optimization problem which maximizes a network-wide {rate-based utility} function subject to fronthaul- capacity constraints, so as to determine both the user- to-FAP assignment and the power levels of the users served by each FAP. The main contribution of the paper is solving this mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem using a two- step centralized-distributed approach, which is aligned with FRAN operation that {aims to} %relies on partially shifting the network control to the FAPs so as to overcome delays due to fronthaul rate constraints. The assignment step is first solved at the centralized BBU pool by reformulating the problem such that the Hungarian algorithm is applicable. The power {adaptation} is then solved at every FAP using a barrier method. Simulation results show that the proposed NOMA-based algorithm outperforms conventional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) algorithms, even with stringent fronthaul limitations. The proposed algorithm further shows an appreciable {performance trade-off} between the rate and fairness metrics.
Oblivious Network RAM and Leveraging Parallelism to Achieve Obliviousness (2015)

Abstract. Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a cryptographic primitive that allows a trusted CPU to securely access untrusted memory, such that the access patterns reveal nothing about sensitive data. ORAM is known to have broad applications in secure processor design and secure multi-party computation for big data. Un-fortunately, due to a logarithmic lower bound by Goldreich and Ostrovsky (Jour-nal of the ACM, ’96), ORAM is bound to incur a moderate cost in practice. In particular, with the latest developments in ORAM constructions, we are quickly approaching this limit, and the room for performance improvement is small. In this paper, we consider new models of computation in which the cost of obliv-iousness can be fundamentally reduced in comparison with the standard ORAM model. We propose the Oblivious Network RAM model of computation, where a CPU communicates with multiple memory banks, such that the adversary ob-serves only which bank the CPU is communicating with, but not the address offset within each memory bank. In other words, obliviousness within each bank comes for free—either because the architecture prevents a malicious party from
Immune modulatory mechanisms of lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 (IRM12P.656) (2015)

Abstract Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 (LANCL2) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic, infectious and immune-mediated diseases. We previously demonstrated that directly targeting LANCL2 through treatment with abscisic acid or 61610 results in efficacious anti-inflammatory responses during DSS-induced colitis however molecular mechanisms underlying this immunomodulatory function remain elusive. Here we report for the first time the use of LANCL2-deficient mice to investigate the mechanism of action and cell specificity of the protein. At the cellular level, bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM), RAW cells, and gastric epithelial cells express comparable levels of basal LANCL2 mRNA. LPS-mediated inflammation in BMDM increased both mRNA and protein levels of LANCL2 that peaked 6 hours post-challenge and subsequently returned to normal levels after 12 hours. Similarly, DSS-induced colitis induced expression of LANCL2 in the colons of wild-type (WT) mice and correlated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the absence of LANCL2 did not cause significant alterations in infiltrating cellular phenotypes however LANCL2-deficiency permitted exaggerated IL17 and IFNγ expression in colonic tissue when compared to WT counterparts at day 7 post-challenge. In conclusion, our findings indicate that LANCL2 is a novel regulator of inflammation that functions predominantly at the molecular level to down-regulate excessive inflammatory responses.
Stochastic and Centrifuge Modelling of Jointed Rock (1990)

Abstract : This Executive Summary presents the major results in the three research areas: Fracturing of Jointed Rock, Centrifuge Testing of Jointed Rock and Stochastic Modelling of Jointed Rock. A separate volume of this final report is devoted to each of these research areas, namely, Volume I: 'Fracturing of Fractured Rock', Volume II: 'Centrifuge Modelling of Jointed Rock', Volume III, 'Stochastic and Topological Fracture Geometry Model'. Research in area I resulted in the discovery of a new fracture coalescence mode and in an analytical model for this. Research in area II led to a more accurate recognition of arching and to an appropriate predictive model; it also showed to which extent centrifuge modelling can be applied to discontinue. Finally, research in area III led to a stochastic fracture geometry model which can accurately represent actual fracture trace geometries and the sequential genesis of fractures; this model was incorporated in a new topological slope stability model.
Atmospheric laser communication system with wide-angle tracking and adaptive compensation (2005)

An adaptive laser communication system capable of minimizing the impact of atmospherically induced tip-tilt and defocus distortions and tracking an optical antenna mounted on a mobile platform is presented. The laser communication system consists of two independently operating adaptive optical transceivers mounted on wide angle pan-tilt gimbals that each transmit and receive optical data propagating on a single bidirectional laser beam. Each optical antenna incorporates a 3-channel tip-tilt and defocus adaptive mirror constructed at the Army Research Laboratory. The adaptive mirror control system of each optical transceiver is based on phase control of the outgoing wavefront by stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization of the optical power received by the other optical transceiver. A tracking capability of an optical transceiver mounted on a mobile platform is implemnted by using the pan-tilt control signals of each adaptive mirror to define signals that drive the pan-tilt axes of the gimbal on which the adaptive mirror is mounted. System performance in the presence of laboratory generated turbulence is characterized and reported. Results demonstrate that the adaptive laser communication system can reduce signal fading induced by atmospheric tip-tilt distortions and improve the concentration of laser beam energy delivered to each optical transceiver and therefore reduce system bit error rates.
The Importance of Alkynyl Chain Presence for the Activity of Adenine Nucleosides/Nucleotides on Purinergic Receptors (2011)

The first demonstrations in the early seventies that adenosine had marked effects in the cerebral cortex, which were independent of its role in intermediary metabolism and could be antagonised by methylxanthines, were followed by the observations that other purine derivatives, notably ATP, may also play a critical role in cell function. In 1978 Burnstock first introduced the terms Pl for the nucleoside receptors and P2 for the nucleotide receptors, based on the most fundamental divisions of purine receptors between those for nucleosides such as adenosine and those for nucleotides such as ATP. At present, the P1 (adenosine) receptor family presents 4 subtypes, while the P2 (ATP, ADP and UTP) receptor family has been divided into P2X ionotropic receptors and P2Y metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). While knowledge on the purinergic receptor pharmacology was increasing, the development of potent and selective ligands for these receptors has been a target of medicinal chemistry research for several decades. In particular, synthesis of 2-substituted adenosines was carried out in many laboratories starting from seventies aimed at finding adenosine derivatives more resistant than the parent nucleoside to rapid uptake into cells, to deamination by adenosine deaminase, and to phosphorylation by adenosine kinase. In the present review the synthesis of alkynyl derivatives of adenine, adenosine, N-alkylcarboxamidoadenosine, and adenine nucleotides, which have been tested on purinergic receptors, will be summarized. Furthermore, the contribution of chemistry, molecular modelling, and pharmacology to the development of structure-activity relationships in this class of purinergic receptor ligands will be outlined.
Maximizing Lifetime of Broadcasting in Ad Hoc Networks by Distributed Transmission Power Adjustment (2006)

Broadcasting in wireless ad hoc networks can be implemented by assigning appropriate transmission power to devices, such that the resulting transmission ranges yield network connectivity. The strategy used for setting and updating transmission power has great influence on the lifetime of broadcasting. We present a distributed algorithm for maximizing lifetime. The algorithm performs periodic update of transmission power, taking into account the residual energy levels of the devices. A device having a short remaining lifetime attempts to reduce its transmission power, provided that the broadcast infrastructure can be maintained by increasing the power of some other devices for which the expected lifetime is longer. The algorithm does not break network connectivity between devices in the process of updating transmission power. Moreover, our algorithm is characterized by its small message and computational overhead. We present a simulation study to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm. Our results show that the algorithm is able to prolong significantly lifetime
Structural and Chemical Analysis of the Zirconia–Veneering Ceramic Interface (2015)

The interfacial interaction of veneering ceramic with zirconia is still not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize morphologically and chemically the zirconia-veneering ceramic interface. Three zirconia-veneering conditions were investigated: 1) zirconia-veneering ceramic fired on sandblasted zirconia, 2) zirconia-veneering ceramic on as-sintered zirconia, and 3) alumina-veneering ceramic (lower coefficient of thermal expansion [CTE]) on as-sintered zirconia. Polished cross-sectioned ceramic-veneered zirconia specimens were examined using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (Feg-SEM). In addition, argon-ion thinned zirconia-veneering ceramic interface cross sections were examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) at high resolution. Finally, the zirconia-veneering ceramic interface was quantitatively analyzed for tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation and residual stress using micro-Raman spectroscopy (µRaman). Feg-SEM revealed tight interfaces for all 3 veneering conditions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) disclosed an approximately 1.0-µm transformed zone at sandblasted zirconia, in which distinct zirconia grains were no longer observable. Straight grain boundaries and angular grain corners were detected up to the interface of zirconia- and alumina-veneering ceramic with as-sintered zirconia. EDS mapping disclosed within the zirconia-veneering ceramic a few nanometers thick calcium/aluminum-rich layer, touching the as-sintered zirconia base, with an equally thick silicon-rich/aluminum-poor layer on top. µRaman revealed t-ZrO2-to-m-ZrO2 phase transformation and residual compressive stress at the sandblasted zirconia surface. The difference in CTE between zirconia- and the alumina-veneering ceramic resulted in residual tensile stress within the zirconia immediately adjacent to its interface with the veneering ceramic. The rather minor chemical elemental shifts recorded in the veneering ceramic did not suffice to draw definitive conclusions regarding potential chemical interaction of the veneering ceramic with zirconia. Sandblasting damaged the zirconia surface and induced phase transformation that also resulted in residual compressive stress. Difference in CTE of zirconia versus that of the veneering ceramic resulted in an unfavorable residual tensile stress at the zirconia-veneering ceramic interface.
Optical Superchirality in a Perfect Lattice of Three-dimensional Nano-holes with High Q-factor and large area (2018)

We demonstrate a lattice of 3D chiral plasmonic nano-holes, with strong relative optical circular dichroism ~0.5 and high Q-factor up to 45. The area of the lattice can be fabricated to 1cm2 with nearly perfect consistency of every unit cell. We show that this CD enhancement is due to the interaction between the chiral response of the chiral holes and the scattering modes of the lattice.
Stereoselective Conversion of Dihydropyran and Glycals to 1-Azido-2-halo Derivatives Using NIS/NBS-TMSN3 (2011)

Dihydropyran and glycals are readily converted to the corresponding trans-2-deoxy-2-haloazide derivatives in excellent yields within a few minutes using NIS/NBS-TMSN3 at rt in the absence of any catalyst. The use of stoichiometric amounts of the reagents under mild experimental conditions together with the simplicity of the reaction protocol is the notable feature of this transformation.
New and Scalable Access to Karrikin (KAR1) and Evaluation of Its Potential Application on Corn Germination (2018)

Karrikin (KAR 1 ), also named ‘karrikinolide’, was isolated in 2004 from smoke water and identified as a very potent germination stimulant as well as controlling early seedling development for a large variety of plant species. We reported herein an unprecedented and scalable synthesis of Karrikin (KAR 1 ) based on an elegant and efficient 6‐ endo ‐dig cyclization. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of KAR 1 on corn seeds germination, we carried out additional studies on the uptake of this butenolide into corn seeds, and the main soil chemiodynamic properties ( i.e ., persistence and mobility) were calculated or estimated. Finally, we provided a rationalization of the experimental results by building a homology model of corn KAI2, using as template the X‐ray of the KAI2 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana .
A phase I trial of a modified, dose intensive FAMTX regimen (High dose 5-fluorouracil + doxorubicin + high dose methotrexate + leucovorin) with oral uridine rescue (1996)

In this modified FAMTX regimen, oral Ur administration allowed for dose-intensification of 5-FU, with a 33% increase in the MTD of 5-FU on the Adria cycles and a 45% increase in the MTD of 5-FU dose on the non-Adria cycles.
An Information-Diversification and Phase-Offset-Precoding Method for Asynchronous Multiuser OFDM Systems (2018)

This paper investigates multiuser OFDM systems in which multiple users (transmitters) transmit signal to a common receiver at the same time. We assume the users adopt non-orthogonal signalling (i.e., the signals of different users are carried on all subcarriers of OFDM). We consider a simple, non-iterative, detector that works well under near-power balanced condition - the conventional SIC (successive interference cancellation) only works well under the power-imbalanced situation. For our detector, however, symbol misalignment and carrier frequency offsets (CFO) among packets of different users may lead to degradation of decoding performance. To overcome such performance degradation, we put forth the idea of spreading bit information across multiple adjacent subcarriers to achieve diversification. To ensure good BER performance, we realize this idea using an analytical-based precoding scheme at the transmitters, consisting of two parts: 1) a convolutional information-diversifying precoder, followed by 2) a phase-offset precoder. At the receiver side, we use a non-iterative belief propagation (BP) algorithm to optimally decode information from multiple users. Simulation results show that for a two-user BPSK (QPSK) system, our precoding method brings about 1.5dB (1.5 dB) BER gain compared with the non-precoded scheme.
Polarization-dependent coherent phonon spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2010)

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are caused by mutations in molecules expressed at the neuromuscular junction. We report clinical, structural, ultrastructural, and electrophysiologic features of 4 CMS patients with 6 heteroallelic variants in AGRN, encoding agrin. One was a 7.9-kb deletion involving the N-terminal laminin-binding domain. Another, c.4744G>A - at the last nucleotide of exon 26 - caused skipping of exon 26. Four missense mutations (p.S1180L, p.R1509W, p.G1675S, and p.Y1877D) expressed in conditioned media decreased AChR clusters in C2C12 myotubes. The agrin-enhanced phosphorylation of MuSK was markedly attenuated by p.Y1877D in the LG3 domain and moderately attenuated by p.R1509W in the LG1 domain but not by the other 2 mutations. The p.S1180L mutation in the SEA domain facilitated degradation of secreted agrin. The p.G1675S mutation in the LG2 domain attenuated anchoring of agrin to the sarcolemma by compromising its binding to heparin. Anchoring of agrin with p.R1509W in the LG1 domain was similarly attenuated. Mutations of agrin affect AChR clustering by enhancing agrin degradation or by suppressing MuSK phosphorylation and/or by compromising anchoring of agrin to the sarcolemma of the neuromuscular junction.
Integrative Therapies for People with Interstitial Lung Disease, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2011)

There have been minimal evidence-based studies on the role of ­complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with interstitial lung disease. Clinical experience demonstrates that patients often use complementary and alternative medical approaches independently without medical advice or guidance. The use of CAM, while biologically plausible, may unknowingly expose the patient to harmful side effects with or without interactions with their prescribed medications. Further research is necessary to determine the role of CAM in patients with interstitial lung diseases.