gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Pro-$2$ Identities of $2\times2$ Linear Groups (2019)

Let $\hat{F}$ be a free pro-$p$ non-abelian group, and let $Δ$ be a commutative Noetherian complete local ring with a maximal ideal $I$ such that $\textrm{char}(Δ/I)=p&gt;0$. In [Zu], Zubkov showed that when $p\neq2$, the pro-$p$ congruence subgroup $$GL_{2}^{1}(Δ)=\ker(GL_{2}(Δ)\overset{Δ\toΔ/I}{\longrightarrow}GL_{2}(Δ/I))$$ admits a pro-$p$ identity, i.e., there exists an element $1\neq w\in\hat{F}$ that vanishes under any continuous homomorphism $\hat{F}\to GL_{2}^{1}(Δ)$. In this paper we investigate the case $p=2$. The main result is that when $\textrm{char}(Δ)=2$, the pro-$2$ group $GL_{2}^{1}(Δ)$ admits a pro-$2$ identity. This result was obtained by the use of trace identities that originate in PI-theory.
Through-Silicon-Via Design with Clustering Structure and Adaptive Through-Silicon-Via Control for Three-Dimentional Solid-State-Drive Boost Converter System (2012)

This paper presents a through-silicon-via (TSV) design methodology for three-dimentional solid-state-drive (3D-SSD) system with the 20 V boost converter. Although TSV technologies give compact packaging and high performance compared to the conventional wire-bonding technology, the parasitic resistors and capacitors of TSVs may cause the performance degradation. Additionally, since the number of the activated NAND chip is dynamically changed as access patterns from real processor, the optimum design point for the boost converter is also moved according to the situation. Then, the clustering method with two different sizes of Cu-TSVs and the adaptive TSV number controlling technique for polycrystalline silicon TSVs are proposed to reduce the parasitic resistors and capacitors. With the cluster structure and Cu-TSVs, the performance of the proposed 3D-SSD is improved by ∼10%. Furthermore, the adaptive TSV number controller enhances the performance up to 2 times higher for poly-Si TSV case by reducing the parasitic elements due to TSVs.
Highly transparent films from carboxymethylated microfibrillated cellulose: The effect of multiple homogenization steps on key properties (2010)

Abstract We produced microfibrillated cellulose by passing carboxymethylated sulfite‐softwood‐dissolving pulp with a relatively low hemicellulose content (4.5%) through a high‐shear homogenizer. The resulting gel was subjected to as many as three additional homogenization steps and then used to prepare solvent‐cast films. The optical, mechanical, and oxygen‐barrier properties of these films were determined. A reduction in the quantity and appearance of large fiber fragments and fiber aggregates in the films as a function of increasing homogenization was illustrated with optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Film opacity decreased with increasing homogenization, and the use of three additional homogenization steps after initial gel production resulted in highly transparent films. The oxygen permeability of the films was not significantly influenced by the degree of homogenization, whereas the mean tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and strain at break were increased by two or three extra homogenization steps. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The Conserved U G Pair in the 5′ Splice Site Duplex of a Group I Intron Is Required in the First but Not the Second Step of Self-Splicing (1989)

Group I self-splicing introns have a 5' splice site duplex (P1) that contains a single conserved base pair (U.G). The U is the last nucleotide of the 5' exon, and the G is part of the internal guide sequence within the intron. Using site-specific mutagenesis and analysis of the rate and accuracy of splicing of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I intron, we found that both the U and the G of the U.G pair are important for the first step of self-splicing (attack of GTP at the 5' splice site). Mutation of the U to a purine activated cryptic 5' splice sites in which a U.G pair was restored; this result emphasizes the preference for a U.G at the splice site. Nevertheless, some splicing persisted at the normal site after introduction of a purine, suggesting that position within the P1 helix is another determinant of 5' splice site choice. When the U was changed to a C, the accuracy of splicing was not affected, but the Km for GTP was increased by a factor of 15 and the catalytic rate constant was decreased by a factor of 7. Substitution of U.A, U.U, G.G, or A.G for the conserved U.G decreased the rate of splicing by an even greater amount. In contrast, mutation of the conserved G enhanced the second step of splicing, as evidenced by a trans-splicing assay. Furthermore, a free 5' exon ending in A or C instead of the conserved U underwent efficient ligation. Thus, unlike the remainder of the P1 helix, which functions in both the first and second steps of self-splicing, the conserved U.G appears to be important only for the first step.
Adsorption of rare earth metals (Sr2+ and La3+) from aqueous solution by Mg-aminoclay–humic acid [MgAC–HA] complexes in batch mode (2015)

The recoveries of Sr<sup>2+</sup> and La<sup>3+</sup> as rare earth metals (REMs) were studied using Mg-aminoclay–humic acid [MgAC–HA] complexes prepared by self-assembled precipitation, <italic>i.e.</italic>, [HA] intercalation into layered [MgAC].
The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) gate: A time-resolved study (2005)

The two-step energy-transfer process in a self-assembled complex comprising a cationic conjugated polymer (CCP) and a dsDNA is investigated by using pump-dump-emission spectroscopy and time-correlated single-photon counting; energy is transferred from the CCP to an ethidium bromide (EB) molecule intercalated into the dsDNA through a fluorescein molecule linked to one terminus of the DNA. Time-dependent anisotropy measurements indicate that the inefficient direct energy transfer from the CCP to the intercalated EB results from the near orthogonality of their transition moments. These measurements also show that the transition moment of the fluorescein spans a range of angular distributions and lies between that of the CCP and EB. Consequently, the fluorescein acts as a fluorescence resonance energy-transfer gate to relay the excitation energy from the CCP to the EB.
Relationships Between Operational Conditions and Nitrogen Removal and Media Biofilm Accumulation in an IFAS Process Demonstration Study (2009)

Relationships Between Operational Conditions and Nitrogen Removal and Media Biofilm Accumulation in an IFAS Process Demonstration StudyRecent changes in discharge regulations limiting the six James River (VA) Basin treatment plants operated by the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) to an aggregate mass discharge of total nitrogen (TN) to 6,000,000 lbs/year by January 1, 2011 has prompted implementation of a strategy to reduce discharges from each of the six treatment plants. At the 16.7 MGD James River Wastewater Treatment...Author(s)Pusker RegmiGary SchafranBob RutherfordDavid WaltripRick BaumlerWes ThomasCharles BottSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 22 - On-Line Monitoring and New Analysis for Process ControlDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2009ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20090101)2009:16L.1011;1-DOI10.2175/193864709793956491Volume / Issue2009 / 16Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)1011 - 1030Copyright2009Word count286Subject keywordsBiofilm carriersIFAS
Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes (2006)

The current worldwide research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been facilitated by unique physico-chemical properties and wide opportunities the CNTs offer for the new field of nanotechnology. The recent studies have shown that, for the efficient use of CNT structural properties, particularly in the engineering of multi-functional materials, the CNTs need to be chemically modified by attachment of functional groups for improving the solubility, processing and compatibility with host materials. While responding to the application needs, chemical modification of carbon nanotubes has quickly emerged as a new research frontier, which is fascinating from not only applied but also fundamental standpoint by permitting studies of chemical reactivity in relation to the nanoscale size and shape of confined structures.
Threshold Voltage Characteristics of Superconductor Gate nMOSFET at 4.2 K (1996)

We propose a high mobility superconductor gate nMOSFET using undoped Si as the substrate. We have studied superconducting NbN gate nMOSFETs fabricated on p-type Si, undoped Si and n-type Si substrate, respectively. The nMOSFETs on undoped Si and n-type Si have operated properly at 4.2 K. The transconductance of nMOSFETs on undoped Si substrate is higher than that of nMOSFET on p-type Si. The difference in transconductance is attributed to the difference of impurity density in channels. The observed threshold voltages of NbN gate nMOSFETs on p-type Si, undoped Si and n-type Si have little difference at 4.2K.
Interference-aware routing and spectrum allocation for millimeter wave backhaul in urban picocells (2015)

The exponential growth in demand for mobile data requires significant increases in spatial reuse, motivating an evolution towards picocellular architectures with densely deployed base stations. Providing backhaul for such a network is a key challenge, because of the high access link rates, and the cost and difficulty of running optical fiber to base stations that might be opportunistically placed on lampposts and rooftops. Wireless backhaul using millimeter (mm) wave spectrum is therefore an attractive and flexible approach, given the plentiful availability of spectrum and the possibility of synthesizing highly directive, steerable links. In this paper, we formulate and investigate the problem of joint resource allocation and routing on such a mm wave backhaul network, providing a linear programming formulation that accounts for mutual interference across simultaneously active links. While the number of variables grows exponentially in network size, it is possible to prune the problem size so that it is manageable for moderately sized networks. Numerical results and design implications are briefly discussed.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Radiotherapy Induces Innate Immune Responses in Patients Treated for Prostate Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Heatmap visualization of significantly dysregulated metabolites following RT.&lt;/p&gt;
Piezoelectric-driven Turntable with High Positioning Accuracy (2nd Report) (1989)

In the 1st report, it has been shown that a newly developed piezoelectric-driven turntable moved by the “inchworm” function is capable of positioning accuracy with less than 4.8×10-7 rad (0.1 arcsec) for a range of π/2. And it also has the following advantages ; (1) operable in a vacuum environment, (2) non-magnetic material construction, (3) small heat generation, (4) compactness. However, there were some problems for practical use, such as the reliability of the piezoelectric actuator and wear of the clamping parts. In the present report, it has been shown that the developed piezoelectric-driven turntable can be used continuously for a long period of time, over 2 000 hrs, by improving the piezoelectric actuator and by appropriate clamp clearance selection.
TP5, a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive CDK5/p25: A Novel Therapeutic Approach against Glioblastoma (2020)

We examined the efficacy of selective inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in glioblastoma by TP5. We analyzed its impact in vitro on CDK5 expression and activity, cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle. DNA damage was analyzed using the expression of γH2A.X and phosphorylated ATM. Its tolerance and efficacy were assessed on in vivo xenograft mouse models. We showed that TP5 decreased the activity but not the expression of CDK5 and p35. TP5 alone impaired cell viability and colony formation of glioblastoma cell lines and induced apoptosis. TP5 increased DNA damage by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ATM, leading to G1 arrest. Whereas CDK5 activity is increased by DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide and irradiation, TP5 was synergistic with either temozolomide or irradiation due to an accumulation of DNA damage. Concomitant use of TP5 and either temozolomide or irradiation reduced the phosphorylation of ATM, increased DNA damage, and inhibited the G2/M arrest induced by temozolomide or irradiation. TP5 alone suppressed the tumor growth of orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model. The treatment was well tolerated. Finally, alone or in association with irradiation or temozolomide, TP5 prolonged mouse survival. TP5 alone or in association with temozolomide and radiotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for glioblastoma.
Epigenetic Protection of Vertebrate Lymphoid Progenitor Cells by Dnmt1 (2020)

DNA methylation is a universal epigenetic mechanism involved in regulation of gene expression and genome stability. The DNA maintenance methylase DNMT1 ensures that DNA methylation patterns are faithfully transmitted to daughter cells during cell division. Because loss of DNMT1 is lethal, a pan-organismic analysis of DNMT1 function is lacking. We identified new recessive dnmt1 alleles in medaka and zebrafish and, guided by the structures of mutant proteins, generated a recessive variant of mouse Dnmt1. Each of the three missense mutations studied here distorts the catalytic pocket and reduces enzymatic activity. Because all three DNMT1 mutant animals are viable, it was possible to examine their phenotypes throughout life. The consequences of genome-wide hypomethylation of DNA of somatic tissues in the Dnmt1 mutants are surprisingly mild but consistently affect the development of the lymphoid lineage. Our findings indicate that developing lymphocytes in vertebrates are sensitive to perturbations of DNA maintenance methylation.
Data Center Workload Placement for Energy Efficiency (2007)

Data center costs for computer power and cooling have been steadily increasing over the past decade. Much work has been done in recent years on understanding how to improve the delivery of cooling resources to IT equipment in data centers, but little attention has been paid to the optimization of heat production by considering the placement of application workload. Because certain physical locations inside the data center are more efficient to cool than others, this suggests that allocating heavy computational workloads onto those servers that are in more efficient places might bring substantial savings. This paper explores this issue by introducing a workload placement metric that considers the cooling efficiency of the environment. Additionally, results from a set of experiments that utilize this metric in a thermally isolated portion of a real data center are described. The results show that the potential savings is substantial and that further work in this area is needed to exploit the savings opportunity.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry Approaches to the Regioselective Synthesis of Spiro Heterobicyclic Rings Using Iodine as a New and Efficient Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2011)

Abstract The reaction of aryl aldehydes, urea or thiourea and barbituric acid derivatives leads to spiropyrimidine barbituric compounds under microwave conditions in the presence of iodine only without any solvent.
Thorough QT study of the effect of intravenous amisulpride on QTc interval in Caucasian and Japanese healthy subjects (2016)

Amisulpride has a plasma concentration-dependent effect on the QTc interval. The proposed therapeutic dose for management of PONV does not lead to a prolongation of QTcF above the threshold of regulatory concern, while such effect could not be excluded for the supratherapeutic dose.
Inorganic Halide Scintillators (2022)

Scintillation detectors consisting of a scintillator material that is optically coupled to a photosensitive detector are widely used for detection and measurement of energetic photons such as X-rays and gamma-rays. The discovery and use of scintillator materials can be traced back to 1896 with Calcium tungstate, which was used following the discovery of the X-ray. This chapter describes the basic characteristics of halide materials and crystal growth techniques for halide scintillators and review of the discovered novel ternary and quaternary halide scintillators and new material design approach. There are various techniques to prepare single crystals of halides, and among them, few techniques are suitable for production of single crystals with a large dimension for use in scintillation crystal-based ionizing radiation detectors. Study of mixed-anion halide scintillators shows that they have potential as a new material design technique to improve scintillation properties.
Performance analysis of several generations of flat-panel x-ray imagers based on polycrystalline silicon TFTs (2013)

Active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) have become ubiquitous in medical imaging environments. AMFPIs are based on two-dimensional pixelated arrays coupled to various x-ray converter materials that provide either indirect or direct detection of the incident x-ray radiation. However, the capabilities of this technology are severely constrained by the underlying solid-state properties of the amorphous silicon semiconductor material employed in the thin-film transistors present in each array pixel. The considerably higher electron and hole mobilities of polycrystalline silicon, a semiconductor material that (like amorphous silicon) is well suited to fabrication of transistors for large area electronics, provide the potential to overcome these constraints by increasing the overall gain of the system relative to the electronic additive noise. To explore this potential, a series of prototype arrays based on increasingly complex pixel designs employing polycrystalline silicon transistors is under development by our collaboration. The designs include several generations of active pixel arrays that incorporate sophisticated pixel-level amplifier circuits with the goal of improving imaging performance. In this paper, an initial analysis of the noise and DQE performance of selected prototype pixel circuit designs will be presented. The results are based on a combination of Monte Carlo -based circuit simulations and cascaded systems analysis, supplemented with information obtained from measurements performed on poly-Si transistors. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the potential for, and challenges associated with, the creation of single photon counting arrays based on poly-Si TFTs.
<title>Experimental characterization and model validation of the quasi-static performance of piezoceramic telescopic actuators</title> (2001)

The piezoelectric telescopic actuation architecture capitalizes upon an internally leveraged amplification technique to produce large actuation forces with amplified displacements. This building-block type actuator consists of interconnected concentric, cascaded cylinders with end cap joints that allow for a telescopic type motion. The internal amplification scheme and building-block nature of the telescopic design allow for efficient, densely packed actuators that yield a high work output for a given volume. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the quasi-static force-deflection performance of three unique telescopic prototypes, each manufactured by different means, from various materials, and in distinct geometries. To accurately predict the observed behavior of this architecture, a full three-dimensional numerical model was constructed for each prototype and was used to revise a previously derived analytical model. These models were refined to include extra compliance factors to account for observed actuation losses, focusing primarily on the bonding layer effects. The revised models captured more accurately the complex actuator behavior observed in the experiments and characterized better the loss mechanisms in the telescopic actuation architecture.
Impact of sequence type and field strength (1.5, 3, and 7T) on 4D flow MRI hemodynamic aortic parameters in healthy volunteers (2020)

Data from all sequences could be acquired and resulting images showed sufficient quality for further analysis. However, the variability of the measurements of peak velocity, flow volumes, and WSS was higher when comparing field strengths/sequences as the equivalence limits defined by the intraobserver assessments.
Propagation of viruses on micropatterned host cells (2003)

We have developed a technique to characterize the in vitro propagation of viruses. Microcontact printing was used to generate linear arrays of alkanethiols on gold surfaces, which served as substrates for the patterned culture of baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was added to unpatterned cell reservoirs adjacent to the patterned cells and incubated, setting in motion a continuously advancing viral infection into the patterned cells. At different incubation times, multiple arrays were chemically fixed to stop the viral propagation. Viral propagation distances into the patterned cells were determined by indirect immunofluorescent labeling and visualization of the VSV surface glycoprotein (G). The infection spread at approximately 50 microm/h in the 140-microm lines. Moreover, different temporal stages of the infection process were simultaneously visualized along individual lines. These stages included initiation of infection, based on G protein expression; cell-cell fusion, based on virus-induced clustering of cell nuclei; and cytoskeletal degradation, based on localized release of cells from the surface. This work sets a foundation for parallel, high-throughput characterization of viral and cellular processes.
Real-time Language Recognition using Hyperdimensional Computing on Phase-change Memory Array (2021)

In this demo, we show how Hyperdimensional(HD) computing can be used to recognize the language of a user-input sentence. Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) [1] is one promising brain-inspired computing approach that relies on representing entities using high dimensional (up to 10,000 dimensions) vectors called hypervectors. Similar to the brain, where representations are given by thousands of randomly originated neurons, a set of (pseudo)random quasi-orthogonal hypervectors forms the basis in the HDC framework. These hypervectors are then combined and compared using a well-defined set of algebraic operations to derive representations for composite entities and to find similarities, respectively.
Evidence for tumor necrosis factor- alpha involvement in the optimal induction of class I allospecific cytotoxic T cells. (1990)

Abstract We have investigated the functional interaction between IL-2 and TNF on the generation of alloreactive CTL. The study was performed by using primary mixed cultures of lymphocytes from a MHC-recombinant sibling identical for MHC class II Ag (DR, DP, DQ) and displaying MHC class I disparity. Our data show that MHC class I disparity can trigger the induction of TNF receptor without promoting significant TNF production. Addition of exogenous TNF at the sensitizing phase of the primary mixed lymphocyte reaction did not result in CTL activation. However, when simultaneously added with IL-2, TNF could promote an optimal induction of cytotoxic T cell generation. The enhanced lytic ability of MHC class-I primed CTL by TNF was associated with a selective up-regulation of Tac Ag and subsequent amplification of cell proliferation. Furthermore, TNF was also found to induce a considerable increase in IL-2-induced intracellular benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine thiobenzylester-esterase activity by MHC class I-primed cells. TNF did not affect the expression of LFA1, CD2, CD4, and CD8, molecules that are associated with CTL-target interactions, on responder cells. These results extend our earlier observations on the role of class I MHC molecules that may function to transduce activation signals and suggest that TNF may be a potent mediator involved in the IL-2-induced acquisition of optimal lytic competence by precursor cytotoxic T cells.