gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE SWIFT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE (1995)

Deployment of a full intelligent transportation system (ITS), which provides all user services will take many years to evolve and may require a national ITS architecture to be developed to ensure compatibility and seamless operation. Meanwhile, several operational field tests are underway targeting various subsets of the ITS user services. A subset containing services pertaining to the delivery of traffic and traveler services information to users seems to be the most promising for early deployment. One of the operational tests targeting such services is SWIFT (Seattle Wide-area Information For Travelers). The SWIFT project started in January 1995 in the Seattle Metropolitan area with the specific goal of testing the feasibility of employing an FM subcarrier communication link to deliver information to travelers. Specifically, SWIFT utilizes an advanced 19 Kbps FM subcarrier broadcast medium for the delivery of transportation information as well as personal paging information. The SWIFT system architecture is described in this paper. SWIFT is an advanced traveler information system (ATIS), which provides the following user services: pre-trip travel information, en-route driver information, route guidance, traveler services information, ride matching and reservation, en-route transit information, and personal paging. An FM receiver module that receives, processes, and generates the data stream is attached to the user devices, where user interactions and processing occur. Three devices have been targeted for the SWIFT project: 1) a SEIKO message watch, 2) a Delco car radio, and 3) a portable personal digital assistant (PDA). The level of functionality and capability differs from one device to the other.
Nonfaradaic Nanoporous Electrochemistry for Conductometry at High Electrolyte Concentration (2015)

Nanoporous electrified surfaces create a unique nonfaradaic electrochemical behavior that is sensitively influenced by pore size, morphology, ionic strength, and electric field modulation. Here, we report the contributions of ion concentration and applied ac frequency to the electrode impedance through an electrical double layer overlap and ion transport along the nanopores. Nanoporous Pt with uniform pore size and geometry (L2-ePt) responded more sensitively to conductivity changes in aqueous solutions than Pt black with poor uniformity despite similar real surface areas and enabled the previously difficult quantitative conductometry measurements at high electrolyte concentrations. The nanopores of L2-ePt were more effective in reducing the electrode impedance and exhibited superior linear responses to not only flat Pt but also Pt black, leading to successful conductometric detection in ion chromatography without ion suppressors and at high ionic strengths.
Ultrathin Optical Fibers as Tools in Atom Optics (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. Russell, S. N. Chormaic, K. Deasy, M. Morrissey, A. Watkins, M. Frawley, and R. Schmidt, "Ultrathin Optical Fibers as Tools in Atom Optics," in Frontiers in Optics 2009/Laser Science XXV/Fall 2009 OSA Optics & Photonics Technical Digest, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper FMG3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Predicting Average Void Fraction and Void Fraction Uncertainty in Fixed Beds of Poly Lobed Particles (2019)

Random packed beds of cylindrical, trilobic, and quadrilobic particles in cylindrical and biperiodic containers are numerically studied using Grains3D, a code based on the discrete element method (DEM) that resolves all inelastic collisions and dynamically simulates the loading of packed beds. Particle initial position and orientation are random to mimic industrial or laboratory packing procedures, so that the same simulation repeated again yields a different packed bed structure and thus a different average void fraction. These ”in silico” experiments aim at being able to optimize particle shape in heterogeneous catalysis, in particular with respect to the corresponding bed void fraction that is a critical parameter for pressure drop prediction. These “in silico” experiments are deterministic and accurate but with differences due to the loading procedure. In this paper, we first present our assessment of the uncertainty on average void fraction induced by (i) the initial random position and orientation of inserted particles and (ii) the insertion zone size. Next we investigate the effect of particle shape, namely cylindrical, trilobic, and quadrilobic on the average void fraction as a function of particle length and diameter, and of the container type. Simple correlations are proposed that very well describe the simulations within the aforementioned uncertainty related to the packing procedure. Although the beds made with cylindrical particles are markedly denser, the beds made of the trilobic and quadrilobic particles have a statistically identical void fraction.
Rotational MEMS mirror with latching arm for silicon photonics (2015)

We present an innovative rotational MEMS mirror that can control the direction of propagation of light beams inside of planar waveguides implemented in silicon photonics. Potential applications include but are not limited to optical telecommunications, medical imaging, scan and spectrometry. The mirror has a half-cylinder shape with a radius of 300 μm that provides low and constant optical losses over the full angular displacement range. A circular comb drive structure is anchored such that it allows free or latched rotation experimentally demonstrated over 8.5° (X-Y planar rotational movement) using 290V electrostatic actuation. The entire MEMS structure was implemented using the MEMSCAP SOIMUMPs process. The center of the anchor beam is designed to be the approximate rotation point of the circular comb drive to counter the rotation offset of the mirror displacement. A mechanical characterization of the MEMS mirror is presented. The latching mechanism provides up to 20 different angular locking positions allowing the mirror to counter any resonance or vibration effects and it is actuated with an electrostatic linear comb drive. An innovative gap closing structure was designed to reduce optical propagation losses due to beam divergence in the interstitial space between the mirror and the planar waveguide. The gap closing structure is also electrostatically actuated and includes two side stoppers to prevent stiction.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly α‐Selective Hydrolysis of α,β‐Epoxyalcohols Using Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride. (2010)

Abstract The ring opening proceeds at the normally believed disfavored α‐position leading to arabino‐ or lyxo‐configured triols with the full retention of the stereoconfiguration.
Physical Channel Structures and Cell Search Method for Scalable Bandwidth for OFDM Radio Access in Evolved UTRA Downlink (2007)

This paper proposes physical channel structures and a cell search method for OFDM based radio access in the Evolved UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) downlink, which supports multiple scalable transmission bandwidths from 1.25 to 20 MHz. In the proposed physical channel structures, the central sub-carrier of the OFDM signal is located on the frequency satisfying the 200-kHz raster condition regardless of the transmission bandwidth of the cell site. Moreover, the synchronization channel (SCH) and broadcast channel (BCH), which are necessary for cell search, are transmitted in the central part of the entire transmission spectrum with a fixed bandwidth. In the proposed cell search method, a user equipment (UE) acquires the target cell in the cell search process in the initial or connected mode employing the SCH and possibly the reference signal, which are transmitted in the central part of the given transmission bandwidth. After detecting the target cell, the UE decodes the common control information through the BCH, which is transmitted at the same frequency as the SCH, and identifies the transmission bandwidth of the cell to be connected. Computer simulations show the fast cell search performance made possible by using the proposed SCH structure and the cell search method.
synaptotagmin mutants reveal essential functions for the C2B domain in Ca2+-triggered fusion and recycling of synaptic vesicles in vivo. (2001)

Synaptotagmin has been proposed to function as a Ca(2+) sensor that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis, whereas the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex is thought to form the core of a conserved membrane fusion machine. Little is known concerning the functional relationships between synaptotagmin and SNAREs. Here we report that synaptotagmin can facilitate SNARE complex formation in vitro and that synaptotagmin mutations disrupt SNARE complex formation in vivo. Synaptotagmin oligomers efficiently bind SNARE complexes, whereas Ca(2+) acting via synaptotagmin triggers cross-linking of SNARE complexes into dimers. Mutations in Drosophila that delete the C2B domain of synaptotagmin disrupt clathrin AP-2 binding and endocytosis. In contrast, a mutation that blocks Ca(2+)-triggered conformational changes in C2B and diminishes Ca(2+)-triggered synaptotagmin oligomerization results in a postdocking defect in neurotransmitter release and a decrease in SNARE assembly in vivo. These data suggest that Ca(2+)-driven oligomerization via the C2B domain of synaptotagmin may trigger synaptic vesicle fusion via the assembly and clustering of SNARE complexes.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals (2022)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTDiagnostic and Therapeutic RadiopharmaceuticalsCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyDepartment of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United StatesMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445, Christa E. MüllerChrista E. MüllerPharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyMore by Christa E. Müllerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-6624, and Salvatore Bongarzone*Salvatore BongarzoneTechnical Research and Development, Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis Company, via Ribes 5, Colleretto Giacosa 10010, Italy*[email protected]More by Salvatore Bongarzonehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1309-3045Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2022, 65, 19, 12497–12499Publication Date (Web):September 15, 2022Publication History Received24 August 2022Published online15 September 2022Published inissue 13 October 2022https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01403https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01403editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2022 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views9310Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural Stem Cells Derived by Small Molecules Preserve Vision (2013)

The NSCs derived from hESC by small molecules can be generated efficiently and provide an unlimited supply of cells for the treatment of some forms of human outer retinal degenerative diseases. The capacity of NSCs migrating into inner retina offers a potential as a vehicle to delivery drugs/factors to treat inner retinal disorders.
Constructing Better Partial SumsBased on Energy- MaximumCriterion forFastEncoding ofVQ (2006)

Inavector quantization (VQ)framework, oneof thekeyproblems initspractical applications istheencoding speed. InordertospeedupVQ encoding process, itismost important toavoidcomputing unnecessary k-dimensional (k-D) realEuclidean distances fortheobviously unlikely candidate codewords. Themean,thevariance andthetwopartial sumsofa k-Dvector havealready beenproposed astheeffective features in theprevious worksinordertorealize arejection totheunlikely codeword byusing just alittle computational cost. Itisclear that themeanandthevariance ofak-Dvector areconstant butthe twopartial sumsofak-Dvector arenotconstant depending on howtheyhavebeenconstructed. Therefore, howtoconstruct two better partial sumsforfastVQ encoding becomesimportant. Instead ofusingfixed thefirst halfvector andthesecondhalf vector criterion thathasbeenintroduced intheprevious works, thispaperproposes a new energy-maximum criterion to construct twobetter partial sumsforak-Dvector. Mathematical analysis andexperimental results confirmed thattheproposed criterion ismuchmoreeffective forfast VQ encoding compared tothefixed criterion usedintheprevious works. Inaddition, itis veryeasytousetheenergy-maximum criterion inpractice.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Neuroblastoma-Associated F1174L ALK Mutation Causes Resistance to an ALK Kinase Inhibitor in ALK-Translocated Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The Neuroblastoma-Associated F1174L ALK Mutation Causes Resistance to an ALK Kinase Inhibitor in ALK-Translocated Cancers
HIV mRNA Vaccines—Progress and Future Paths (2021)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an mRNA-based vaccine relies on the host's cells to manufacture protein immunogens which, in turn, are targets for antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. mRNA-based vaccines have been the subject of research for over three decades as a platform to protect against or treat a variety of cancers, amyloidosis and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss mRNA-based approaches for the generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to HIV. We examine the special immunological hurdles for a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T cell responses to HIV. Lastly, we outline an mRNA-based HIV vaccination strategy based on the immunobiology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.
Mapping epitopes of monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 integrase with limited proteolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2000)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used extensively in the biochemical analysis of proteins. Molecular identification of a specific epitope can enhance our understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of a protein. We recently developed a protein footprint technique for mapping mAb epitopes that employs limited proteolysis followed by peptide analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Here we describe the rational for the technique and illustrate its use in mapping the epitopes of two mAbs that bind to the C-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase. The results provide a plausible explanation for the fact that one mAb inhibits enzyme activity while the second does not. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 55: 308–318, 2000
Towards Practical Minimum-Entropy Universal Decoding (2005)

Minimum-entropy decoding is a universal decoding algorithm used in decoding block compression of discrete memoryless sources as well as block transmission of information across discrete memoryless channels. Extensions can also be applied for multiterminal decoding problems, such as the Slepian-Wolf source coding problem. The 'method of types' has been used to show that there exist linear codes for which minimum-entropy decoders achieve the same error exponent as maximum-likelihood decoders. Since minimum-entropy decoding is NP-hard in general, minimum-entropy decoders have existed primarily in the theory literature. We introduce practical approximation algorithms for minimum-entropy decoding. Our approach, which relies on ideas from linear programming, exploits two key observations. First, the 'method of types' shows that that the number of distinct types grows polynomially in n. Second, recent results in the optimization literature have illustrated polytope projection algorithms with complexity that is a function of the number of vertices of the projected polytope. Combining these two ideas, we leverage recent results on linear programming relaxations for error correcting codes to construct polynomial complexity algorithms for this setting. In the binary case, we explicitly demonstrate linear code constructions that admit provably good performance.
Additive Effect of Carbon Nanohorn on Grease Lubrication Properties (2005)

Recently, applications of the carbon nanohorn (CNH) have become of great interest in various industrial fields. The load carrying capacity and wear resistance of lithium soap grease containing CNH and heat-treated CNH (HT-CNH) were studied using a Falex friction tester, and compared with those of grease containing reference carbon materials such as graphite, cluster diamond (CD), and graphite cluster diamond (GCD). The load carrying capacity of the greases with carbon materials was always higher than that of the base grease. The greases with CNH and HT-CNH had the same or higher seizure load than those with CD and GCD. In particular, the grease with HT-CNH exhibited good load carrying capacity even at a low concentration of 1 mass%. The grease with 3 or more mass% graphite had the highest seizure load of all greases in this study. The grease with HT-CNH showed the best wear resistance of all greases in this study. The wear resistance of the grease with other solid lubricants was the same or inferior to that of the base grease.
Essential role for acid sphingomyelinase-inhibited autophagy in melanoma response to cisplatin (2016)

The sphingolipid metabolising enzyme Acid Sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) has been recently shown to inhibit melanoma progression and correlate inversely to tumour grade. In this study we have investigated the role of A-SMase in the chemo-resistance to anticancer treatmentusing mice with melanoma allografts and melanoma cells differing in terms of expression/activity of A-SMase. Since autophagy is emerging as a key mechanism in tumour growth and chemo-resistance, we have also investigated whether an action of A-SMase in autophagy can explain its role. Melanoma sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in terms of cell viability/apoptosis, tumour growth, and animal survival depended directly on the A-SMase levels in tumoural cells. A-SMase action was due to inhibition of autophagy through activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine restored sensitivity to cisplatin of tumours expressing low levels of A-SMase while no additive effects were observed in tumours characterised by sustained A-SMase levels. The fact that A-SMase in melanomas affects mTOR-regulated autophagy and plays a central role in cisplatin efficacy encourages pre-clinical testing on the modulation of A-SMase levels/activity as possible novel anti-neoplastic strategy.
The cholesterol metabolite 27 hydroxycholesterol facilitates breast cancer metastasis through its actions on immune cells (2017)

Obesity and elevated circulating cholesterol are risk factors for breast cancer recurrence, while the use of statins, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors widely used for treating hypercholesterolemia, is associated with improved disease-free survival. Here, we show that cholesterol mediates the metastatic effects of a high-fat diet via its oxysterol metabolite, 27-hydroxycholesterol. Ablation or inhibition of CYP27A1, the enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in 27-hydroxycholesterol biosynthesis, significantly reduces metastasis in relevant animal models of cancer. The robust effects of 27-hydroxycholesterol on metastasis requires myeloid immune cell function, and it was found that this oxysterol increases the number of polymorphonuclear-neutrophils and γδ-T cells at distal metastatic sites. The pro-metastatic actions of 27-hydroxycholesterol requires both polymorphonuclear-neutrophils and γδ-T cells, and 27-hydroxycholesterol treatment results in a decreased number of cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup>T lymphocytes. Therefore, through its actions on γδ-T cells and polymorphonuclear-neutrophils, 27-hydroxycholesterol functions as a biochemical mediator of the metastatic effects of hypercholesterolemia.High cholesterol is a risk factor for breast cancer recurrence. Here the authors show that cholesterol promotes breast cancer metastasis via its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) that acts on immune myeloid cells residing at the distal metastatic sites, thus promoting an immune suppressive environment.
The estrogen receptor-alpha A908G (K303R) mutation occurs at a low frequency in invasive breast tumors: results from a population-based study (2019)

Abstract Introduction Evidence suggests that alterations in estrogen signaling pathways, including estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), occur during breast cancer development. A point mutation in ER-α (nucleotide A908G), producing an amino acid change from lysine to arginine at codon 303 (K303R) results in receptor hypersensitivity to estrogen. This mutation was initially reported in one-third of hyperplastic benign breast lesions, although several recent studies failed to detect it in benign or malignant breast tissues. Methods We screened 653 microdissected, newly diagnosed invasive breast tumors from patients in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study of breast cancer in African American and white women in North Carolina, for the presence of the ER-α A908G mutation by using single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and 33P-cycle sequencing. Results We detected the ER-α A908G mutation in 37 of 653 (5.7%) breast tumors. The absence of this mutation in germline DNA confirmed it to be somatic. Three tumors exhibited only the mutant G base at nucleotide 908 on sequencing, indicating that the wild-type ER-α allele had been lost. The ER-α A908G mutation was found more frequently in higher-grade breast tumors (odds ratio (OR) 2.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 7.34, grade II compared with grade I), and in mixed lobular/ductal tumors (OR 2.10; 95% CI 0.86 to 5.12) compared with ductal carcinomas, although the latter finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion This population-based study, the largest so far to screen for the ER-α A908G mutation in breast cancer, confirms the presence of the mutant in invasive breast tumors. The mutation was associated with higher tumor grade and mixed lobular/ductal breast tumor histology.