gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A digitally driven pixel circuit with current compensation for AMOLED microdisplays (2014)

Abstract A novel digitally driven pixel circuit for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays is proposed and evaluated. This circuit supports both pulse width modulation and pulse density modulation digital drive approaches. Only three transistors and one capacitor are required per pixel for the proposed circuit. A current mirror is used to compensate for the pixel current changes that occur because of the degradation of the OLEDs over time. The compensation current depends on the potential of the common cathode, the properties of the current mirror, and the Width/Length ( W / L ) ratio of the drive transistor. The proposed digital pixel circuit also has advantages in circuit layout compared with analog pixel circuits.
Gentamicin and Vancomycin Do Not Impair Experimental Fracture Healing (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gentamicin or vancomycin impair experimental fracture healing in rats. Forty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, receiving either 1.5 mg/kg of gentamicin intramuscularly twice daily for 3 weeks (n = 15), 25 mg/kg of vancomycin intraperitoneally twice daily for 3 weeks (n = 14), or no treatment (n = 12), starting 7 days after production of closed, nondisplaced, bilateral femoral fractures. The mean 30 minute serum concentrations of gentamicin and vancomycin were 4.5 microg/mL and 35.1 microg/mL, respectively. Biomechanical and radiographic studies were used to evaluate fracture healing. Torsional strength testing of fracture callus exposed to gentamicin and vancomycin was similar (437 and 424 N-mm, respectively) to controls (334 N-mm). Radiographs showed similar healing in control animals (Goldberg score, 2.3) compared with rats treated with gentamicin and vancomycin (Goldberg score, 2.6 in both groups). Results of this study do not show impaired healing of experimental fractures after exposure to gentamicin or vancomycin (such as has been reported after exposure to quinolones).
Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes and cagA gene in a series of 383 H. pylori-positive patients (2000)

Most H. pylori strains found in patients with PUD possess the vacA s1 genotype and the cagA gene. Patients with this type of H. pylori strain but without PUD might be at higher risk of developing PUD. In contrast, the risk for PUD might be significantly decreased in those patients who are infected by H. pylori strains with the vacA s2 genotype lacking the cagA gene.
Improvement of Named Entity Tagging by Machine Learning (2004)

A Named Entity (NE) is a word, or sequence of words that can be classified as a name of a person, organization, location, date, time, percentage or quantity. Named entities can be valuable in several natural language applications. For instance, automatic text summarization systems can be enriched by using NEs, as they provide important cues for identifying relevant segments in text. Other uses of NE taggers are in the fields of information retrieval (i.e. more accurate Internet search engines), information extraction, automatic speech recognition, question answering and machine translation. There has been a considerable amount of work that aims to improve the performance of NE taggers, however most of these efforts are targeted to build handcrafted NE taggers. While handcrafted systems can achieve good performance they have several disadvantages, such as the need of rebuilding the NE tagger in order to port it to new domains. This proposal presents a research project for building an automated method, based on machine learning, that facilitates the portability of handcrafted NE taggers. The hypothesis underlying this proposal is that the coverage of NE taggers can be increased using machine learning techniques, without the need of rebuilding the linguistic resources of the NE tagger. One motivation for this research is that the task of building a training set is faster and easier than building the linguistic resources for the handcrafted systems. Preliminary results presented here show that it is feasible to prove the correctness of the hypothesis.
Unusual Solvent Effects on Optical Properties of Bi-Icosahedral Au25 Clusters (2017)

Temperature-dependent and time-resolved absorption measurements were carried out to understand the influence of solvent hydrogen bonding on the optical properties of bi-icosahedral [Au25(PPh3)10(C6S)5Cl2]2+ (bi-Au25) clusters. Theoretical calculations have shown a low energy absorption maximum that is dominated by the coupling of the two Au13 icosahedra, as well as a high energy absorption arising from the individual Au13 icosahedra that make up the bi-Au25 clusters. Temperature-dependent absorption measurements were carried out on bi-Au25 in aprotic (toluene) and protic (ethanol and 2-butanol) solvents to elucidate the cluster–solvent hydrogen bonding interactions. In toluene, both the low and high energy absorption bands shift to higher energies consistent with electron–phonon interactions. However, in the protic solvents, the low energy absorption shows a zigzag trend with decreasing temperature. In contrast, the high energy absorption in protic solvents shifts monotonically to higher energy similar to that of toluene. Also at the temperature where the zigzag trend was observed, new absorption peaks emerged at higher energy region. The results are attributed to the hydrogen bonding of the solvent with Au–Cl leading to a disruption of the coupling of icosahedra, which is reflected in unusual trends at the low energy absorption. However, at the transition temperature, the hydrogen bonding solvents distort the icosahedrons so much so that the symmetry of Au13 icosahedron is lifted leading to new absorption peaks at high energy. The transition happens at the dynamic crossover temperature where the solvent attains high density liquid status. Femtosecond time-resolved absorption measurements have shown similar dynamics for bi-Au25 in ethanol and toluene with slower vibrational cooling in ethanol. However, the nanosecond transient measurements show significantly longer lifetime for bi-Au25 in ethanol that suggest the solvent does have an influence on the exciton recombination.
High‐throughput Screening of Mouse Knockout Lines Identifies True Lean and Obese Phenotypes (2008)

We developed a high-throughput approach to knockout (KO) and phenotype mouse orthologs of the 5,000 potential drug targets in the human genome. As part of the phenotypic screen, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology estimates body-fat stores in eight KO and four wild-type (WT) littermate chow-fed mice from each line. Normalized % body fat (nBF) (mean KO % body fat/mean WT littermate % body fat) values from the first 2322 lines with viable KO mice at 14 weeks of age showed a normal distribution. We chose to determine how well this screen identifies body-fat phenotypes by selecting 13 of these 2322 KO lines to serve as benchmarks based on their published lean or obese phenotype on a chow diet. The nBF values for the eight benchmark KO lines with a lean phenotype were > or =1 s.d. below the mean for seven (perilipin, SCD1, CB1, MCH1R, PTP1B, GPAT1, PIP5K2B) but close to the mean for NPY Y4R. The nBF values for the five benchmark KO lines with an obese phenotype were >2 s.d. above the mean for four (MC4R, MC3R, BRS3, translin) but close to the mean for 5HT2cR. This screen also identifies novel body-fat phenotypes as exemplified by the obese kinase suppressor of ras 2 (KSR2) KO mice. These body-fat phenotypes were confirmed upon studying additional cohorts of mice for KSR2 and all 13 benchmark KO lines. This simple and cost-effective screen appears capable of identifying genes with a role in regulating mammalian body fat.
Mapping the multimodal action of melamine-poly(aluminium phosphate) in the flame retardancy of polyamide 66 (2014)

Multimodal action and synergism of melamine poly(aluminum phosphate) in the flame retardancy of polyamide 66.
Numerical Simulation of Spacing Effects on the Flow Past Two 2:1 Rectangular Cylinders in Tandem at Re = 200 (2012)

The time-periodic flow over two rectangular cylinders in infinite medium is numerically investigated in this paper using the newly developed multidomain pseudospectral method. The two cylinders are arranged in tandem and both with length-to-width aspect ratio of 2; the incoming flow is assumed to be laminar and uniform, and the Reynolds number based on the cylinder width and the freestream velocity is fixed at 200.Computations are focusing on the effects of S, the ratio between the streamwise spacing of two cylinders (gap length) and the cylinder width, on the vortex shedding formations, evolving patterns and related aerodynamic performances of cylinders within the range 1 ≤ S ≤ 10. Numerical results reveal that as S increases, there exists a critical value, Scr = 5, at which the mean drag coefficients of both cylinders behave notable jumps, and the root-mean-square values of lift and drag coefficients reach maxima. Meanwhile, the vortices behind the two cylinders are shedding in anti-phase mode at Scr, and their evolving patterns are further analyzed and interpreted.
Basic considerations and topologies of switched-mode assisted linear power amplifiers (1997)

This paper presents a combined power amplifier system consisting of a linear amplifier unit with a switched-mode (class D) current dumping stage arranged in parallel. With this topology, the fundamental drawback of conventional linear power amplifiers-the high loss-is avoided. Compared to a pure class D (switching) amplifier, the presented system needs no output filter to reduce the switching frequency harmonics. This filter (usually of multistage type) generally deteriorates the transient response of the system and impairs the feedback loop design. Furthermore, the low-frequency distortions of switching amplifiers caused by the interlock delay of their power transistors are avoided with the presented switched-mode assisted linear amplifier system. This can be considered as a master-slave system with a guiding linear amplifier and a supporting class D slave unit. The paper describes the operating principle of the system, analyzes the fundamental relationships for the circuit design, and presents simulation results. Finally, various further topologies of switched-mode assisted linear amplifiers are given.
Object detection neural network improves Fourier ptychography reconstruction (2020)

High resolution microscopy is heavily dependent on superb optical elements and superresolution microscopy even more so. Correcting unavoidable optical aberrations during post-processing is an elegant method to reduce the optical system's complexity. A prime method that promises superresolution, aberration correction, and quantitative phase imaging is Fourier ptychography. This microscopy technique combines many images of the sample, recorded at differing illumination angles akin to computed tomography and uses error minimisation between the recorded images with those generated by a forward model. The more precise knowledge of those illumination angles is available for the image formation forward model, the better the result. Therefore, illumination estimation from the raw data is an important step and supports correct phase recovery and aberration correction. Here, we derive how illumination estimation can be cast as an object detection problem that permits the use of a fast convolutional neural network (CNN) for this task. We find that faster-RCNN delivers highly robust results and outperforms classical approaches by far with an up to 3-fold reduction in estimation errors. Intriguingly, we find that conventionally beneficial smoothing and filtering of raw data is counterproductive in this type of application. We present a detailed analysis of the network's performance and provide all our developed software openly.
[(Cp−CMe2−Flu)2Ln]-[Li(ether)n]+ (Ln = Y, La):  Complexes with Unusual Coordination Modes of the Fluorenyl Ligand and the First Examples of Bis-Ansa Lanthanidocenes (2003)

Salt metathesis reactions between LnCl3(THF)n (Ln = Y, La) and 1 equiv of the dilithium salt of the isopropylidene-bridged ligand [Flu−CMe2−Cp]Li2 (Flu = fluorenyl), in diethyl ether solution, led to the isolation of new ionic metallocene complexes, [(Cp−CMe2−Flu)2Ln]-[Li(ether)n]+ (ether = Et2O, THF; Ln = Y, n = 4, 2; Ln = La, n = 2, 3), which contain two chelating ligand units per metal center. The ionic complex 2 presumably originates from ligand redistribution in the primary formed heteroleptic ate complex [(Cp−CMe2−Flu)YCl2]-[Li(ether)4]+ (1) upon crystallization. Complex 2 was selectively prepared on using 2 equiv of [Cp−CMe2−Flu]Li2 vs YCl3(THF)3.5. The solid-state structures of 2 and 3 were established by X-ray diffraction studies. Three polymorphic varieties of 2 were identified and all shown to correspond to a fully dissociated ion pair with the formula [(η3:η5-Flu−CMe2−Cp)(η1:η5-Flu−CMe2−Cp)Y]-[Li(Et2O)(THF)3]+ (2). The fluorenyl ligands in 2 show an unprecedented η1 bonding mode and a rare η3 bonding mode involving, respectively, a carbon atom of a phenyl ring and the bridgehead carbon atom of the central ring and the two adjacent carbon atoms of one six-membered ring. DFT computations carried out on the anionic fragment of 2 corroborated the nature of these bonding modes. Only the last exocyclic η3-bonding mode is observed for the fluorenyl moieties in complex 3, which features an associated ion-pair structure with the formula [(η3:η5-Flu−CMe2−Cp)2La]-[Li(OEt2)2]+. For comparison purposes, the isopropylidene-bridged bis(indenyl) complex [(Ind−CMe2−Ind)2Y]-[Li(THF)4]+ (4) was synthesized by a salt metathesis procedure and characterized by X-ray diffraction. In contrast to fluorenyl-containing complexes 2 and 3, only the cyclopentadienyl rings of the indenyl moieties coordinate to yttrium in 4. Ionic complexes 2−4 constitute the first structurally characterized examples of bis-ansa lanthanidocenes.
The Canary in the Coal Mine: Biomaterial Implants to Monitor Cancer Recurrence (2020)

Synthetic biomaterials implanted in the body induce a foreign body reaction characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. In this issue of <i>Cancer Research</i>, Oakes and colleagues used biomaterial implants and their associated immunologic activity to develop a "metastasis sensor" for detection of tumor burden at distal sites. A scoring system was developed from computational analysis of gene expression patterns from implant biopsies that could predict the presence of tumor. This unexpected use of biomaterials for early detection of cancer provides a more accurate systemic sampling compared with blood or liquid biopsies and alleviates the need for inefficient imaging and biopsy sampling from potential metastatic target tissues.<i>See related article by Oakes et al., p. 602</i>.
Structural effects of myelin proteolipid apoprotein on phospholipids: a Raman spectroscopic study (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural effects of myelin proteolipid apoprotein on phospholipids: a Raman spectroscopic studyW. Curatolo, S. P. Verma, J. D. Sakura, D. M. Small, G. G. Shipley, and D. F. H. WallachCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 9, 1802–1807Publication Date (Print):May 2, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 2 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00602a035https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00602a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Silk Biomaterials in Combination with Extracellular Matrix Coatings for Bladder Tissue Engineering with Primary and Pluripotent Cells (2013)

Silk-based biomaterials in combination with extracellular matrix (ECM) coatings were assessed as templates for cell-seeded bladder tissue engineering approaches. Two structurally diverse groups of silk scaffolds were produced by a gel spinning process and consisted of either smooth, compact multi-laminates (Group 1) or rough, porous lamellar-like sheets (Group 2). Scaffolds alone or coated with collagen types I or IV or fibronectin were assessed independently for their ability to support attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of primary cell lines including human bladder smooth muscle cells (SMC) and urothelial cells as well as pluripotent cell populations, such as murine embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. AlamarBlue evaluations revealed that fibronectin-coated Group 2 scaffolds promoted the highest degree of primary SMC and urothelial cell attachment in comparison to uncoated Group 2 controls and all Group 1 scaffold variants. Real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses demonstrated that both fibronectin-coated silk groups were permissive for SMC contractile differentiation as determined by significant upregulation of α-actin and SM22α mRNA and protein expression levels following TGFβ1 stimulation. Prominent expression of epithelial differentiation markers, cytokeratins, was observed in urothelial cells cultured on both control and fibronectin-coated groups following IHC analysis. Evaluation of silk matrices for ESC and iPS cell attachment by alamarBlue showed that fibronectin-coated Group 2 scaffolds promoted the highest levels in comparison to all other scaffold formulations. In addition, real time RT-PCR and IHC analyses showed that fibronectin-coated Group 2 scaffolds facilitated ESC and iPS cell differentiation toward both urothelial and smooth muscle lineages in response to all trans retinoic acid as assessed by induction of uroplakin and contractile gene and protein expression. These results demonstrate that silk scaffolds support primary and pluripotent cell responses pertinent to bladder tissue engineering and that scaffold morphology and fibronectin coatings influence these processes.
Boolean satisfiability and equivalence checking using general binary decision diagrams (2002)

It is shown how general binary decision diagrams (BDDs), i.e., BDDs where input variables are allowed to appear multiple times along any path in the BDD, can be used to check for Boolean satisfiability. This satisfiability checking strategy is based on an input smoothing operation on general BDDs. Various input smoothing strategies for general BDDs are developed. In order to verify the equivalence of two functions f/sub 1/ and f/sub 2/, f/sub 1/(+)f/sub 2/ is checked for satisfiability. Using general BDDs different implementations of a 16*16 multiplier, a modified Achilles' heel function and a complex add-shift function were verified. It was not possible to construct OBDDs for any of the three functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polynomial-size nonobtuse triangulation of polygons (1991)

We describe methods for triangulating polygonal regions of the plane so that no triangle has a large angle.
Cytokinin fluoroprobe reveals multiple sites of cytokinin perception at plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (2020)

Plant hormone cytokinins are perceived by a subfamily of sensor histidine kinases (HKs), which via a two-component phosphorelay cascade activate transcriptional responses in the nucleus. Subcellular localization of the receptors proposed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane as a principal cytokinin perception site, while study of cytokinin transport pointed to the plasma membrane (PM)-mediated cytokinin signalling. Here, by detailed monitoring of subcellular localizations of the fluorescently labelled natural cytokinin probe and the receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (CRE1/AHK4) fused to GFP reporter, we show that pools of the ER-located cytokinin receptors can enter the secretory pathway and reach the PM in cells of the root apical meristem, and the cell plate of dividing meristematic cells. Brefeldin A (BFA) experiments revealed vesicular recycling of the receptor and its accumulation in BFA compartments. We provide a revised view on cytokinin signalling and the possibility of multiple sites of perception at PM and ER.
Plasticizing Li single-ion conductors with low-volatility siloxane copolymers and oligomers containing ethylene oxide and cyclic carbonates (2015)

Copolymerized (CPP) and oligomeric (OP) plasticizers containing ethylene oxide and cyclic carbonate units.
Doing Better Than UCT: Rational Monte Carlo Sampling in Trees (2011)

UCT, a state-of-the art algorithm for Monte Carlo tree sampling (MCTS), is based on UCB, a sampling policy for the Multi-armed Bandit Problem (MAB) that minimizes the accumulated regret. However, MCTS differs from MAB in that only the final choice, rather than all arm pulls, brings a reward, that is, the simple regret, as opposite to the cumulative regret, must be minimized. This ongoing work aims at applying meta-reasoning techniques to MCTS, which is non-trivial. We begin by introducing policies for multi-armed bandits with lower simple regret than UCB, and an algorithm for MCTS which combines cumulative and simple regret minimization and outperforms UCT. We also develop a sampling scheme loosely based on a myopic version of perfect value of information. Finite-time and asymptotic analysis of the policies is provided, and the algorithms are compared empirically.
Glucose Sensor Based on a Solid Electrolyte Cell Using Sodium Ion Conductor (1994)

Abstract A glucose sensor was developed based on a solid electrolyte cell as a transducer. The sensor element uses a sodium ion conductor (NASICON) as a solid electrolyte and a Pt-layer with immobilized GOD as a sensing electrode. EMF of the sensor varies logarithmically with glucose concentration from 5 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−3 M, following Nernst’s equation (−53 mV/dec). The sensing mechanism as well as the interface of potential formation were investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Total Syntheses of Epothilone A and C Based on Alkyne Metathesis. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE MEDIATED AEROBIC OXIDATION OF THIOLS: A SIMPLE AND CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF DISULPHIDES (2002)

ABSTRACT Cobalt phthalocyaninetetrasulphonamide/tetrasodium salt of cobalt tetrasulphophthalocyanine catalyzed oxidation with molecular oxygen form a simple, efficient and environmentally acceptable synthetic tool for the oxidation of thiols to disulphides in excellent yields, under mild conditions and without any side reactions.