gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraporous Single Phase Iron Oxide−Silica Nanostructured Aerogels from Ferrous Precursors (2004)

Monoliths of iron oxide-silica aerogel nanocomposites have been synthesized using a novel synthesis route which consists of impregnating silica wet gels with anhydrous iron(II) precursors followed by ethanol supercritical drying of the gels. The process yields aerogels exhibiting high porosity, large surface areas (approximately 900 m2/g), rather low densities (approximately 0.6 g/cm3), and a homogeneous distribution of single-phase maghemite, gamma-Fe2O3, nanoparticles with average sizes in the 7-8 nm range. Remarkably, the gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are obtained in the as-dried state without the need of postannealing. The nanoparticles are mostly superparamagnetic at room temperature but become blocked in a ferrimagnetic state at lower temperatures.
Tolerance induction towards cardiac allografts under costimulation blockade is impaired in CCR7‐deficient animals but can be restored by adoptive transfer of syngeneic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2011)

Deficiency of transplant recipients for the chemokine receptor CCR7 was originally described to slightly increase the survival time of vascularized solid organ grafts, probably due to a reduced priming of alloreactive T cells. Using a model of allotolerance induction by donor-specific splenocyte transfusion (DST) in combination with anti-CD40L mAb-mediated costimulation blockade (CSB), we show here a striking failure of CCR7-deficient (CCR7(-/-) ) recipients to tolerate cardiac allografts. Furthermore, in addition to the recently described lack of Treg, CCR7(-/-) mice were found to harbor significantly reduced numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) within peripheral as well as mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs), but not the bone marrow or spleen. pDCs had previously been suggested to function as tolerogenic APC during allograft transplantation, and a single transfer of syngeneic WT pDCs, but not conventional DCs, was indeed sufficient to rescue graft survival in DST+CSB-treated CCR7(-/-) recipients in a dose-dependent manner. We therefore conclude that the nearly complete absence of pDCs within LNs of CCR7(-/-) mice prevents the successful induction of DST+CSB-mediated allotolerance, leading to the observed acute rejection of cardiac allografts under tolerizing conditions.
Broad betacoronavirus neutralization by a stem helix–specific human antibody (2021)

The spillovers of betacoronaviruses in humans and the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlight the need for broad coronavirus countermeasures. We describe five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cross-reacting with the stem helix of multiple betacoronavirus spike glycoproteins isolated from COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Using structural and functional studies, we show that the mAb with the greatest breadth (S2P6) neutralizes pseudotyped viruses from three different subgenera through the inhibition of membrane fusion, and we delineate the molecular basis for its cross-reactivity. S2P6 reduces viral burden in hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 through viral neutralization and Fc-mediated effector functions. Stem helix antibodies are rare, oftentimes of narrow specificity, and can acquire neutralization breadth through somatic mutations. These data provide a framework for structure-guided design of pan-betacoronavirus vaccines eliciting broad protection.
Silicon carbide (SiC) top-down nanowire electromechanical resonators (2009)

We report experimental realization of very thin suspended SiC nanowires (NWs), with widths as small as 20 nm, via top-down lithography-nanomachining processes. This enables very high frequency (VHF) nanoscale electromechanical resonators with remarkable performance (e.g., resonance frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ~100 MHz, and quality factor Q>1000) at room temperature. Radio-frequency (RF) characterization of these resonators is achieved by engineering efficient magnetomotive signal transduction into a new compact apparatus, and by enhancing capacitive detection with impedance-matching circuits. Novel designs of top-down SiC NWs with multiple coupling gates lead to demonstrations of devices with versatile and advanced functions in both resonant and static operations.
Avalanche-mode High Frame Rate, Low Light CMOS Single Photon Image Sensors (2016)

Our recent progress in CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensors will be presented. We will highlight areas where these can compete with existing low-light imaging technologies using examples from superresolution microscopy.
Data from Deep Morphology Learning Enhances <i>Ex Vivo</i> Drug Profiling-Based Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Drug testing in patient biopsy-derived cells can identify potent treatments for patients suffering from relapsed or refractory hematologic cancers. Here we investigate the use of weakly supervised deep learning on cell morphologies (DML) to complement diagnostic marker-based identification of malignant and nonmalignant cells in drug testing. Across 390 biopsies from 289 patients with diverse blood cancers, DML-based drug responses show improved reproducibility and clustering of drugs with the same mode of action. DML does so by adapting to batch effects and by autonomously recognizing disease-associated cell morphologies. In a &lt;i&gt;post hoc&lt;/i&gt; analysis of 66 patients, DML-recommended treatments led to improved progression-free survival compared with marker-based recommendations and physician's choice–based treatments. Treatments recommended by both immunofluorescence and DML doubled the fraction of patients achieving exceptional clinical responses. Thus, DML-enhanced &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; drug screening is a promising tool in the identification of effective personalized treatments.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;We have recently demonstrated that image-based drug screening in patient samples identifies effective treatment options for patients with advanced blood cancers. Here we show that using deep learning to identify malignant and nonmalignant cells by morphology improves such screens. The presented workflow is robust, automatable, and compatible with clinical routine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/bloodcancerdiscov/article/doi/10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-3-6-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Investigation of the Resistivity and Emissivity of a Pellicle Membrane for EUV Lithography (2022)

A pellicle is a thin membrane structure that protects an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask from contamination during the exposure process. However, its limited transmittance induces unwanted heating owing to the absorption of EUV photons. The rupture of the EUV pellicle can be avoided by improving its thermal stability, which is achieved by improving the emissivity of the film. However, the emissivity data for thin films are not easily available in the literature, and its value is very sensitive to thickness. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of emissivity on structural parameters, such as thickness, surface roughness, and grain size. We found a correlation between resistivity and emissivity using theoretical and experimental approaches. By changing the grain size of the Ru thin film, the relationship between resistivity and emissivity was experimentally verified and confirmed using the Lorentz-Drude model. Finally, we present a method to develop an EUV pellicle with better thermal stability that can withstand high-power EUV light sources.
Pulsed laser ablation of calcified tissue: physical mechanisms and fundamental parameters (1990)

Based upon a consideration of the morphology of calcified tissue, a two component picture of ablation is postulated in which the soft connective tissue matrix is vaporized and entrains and removes the hard calcium salts. The dependence of the ablation process on laser irradiance, fluence and wavelength is discussed, including estimates of optimal ranges of those parameters for practical applications.
HARQ Buffer Management: An Information-Theoretic View (2015)

A key practical constraint on the design of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) schemes is the size of the on-chip buffer that is available at the receiver to store previously received packets. In fact, in modern wireless standards such as LTE and LTE-A, the HARQ buffer size is one of the main drivers of the modem area and power consumption. This has recently highlighted the importance of HARQ buffer management, that is, of the use of buffer-aware transmission schemes and of advanced compression policies for the storage of received data. This work investigates HARQ buffer management by leveraging information-theoretic achievability arguments based on random coding. Specifically, standard HARQ schemes, namely Type-I, Chase Combining, and Incremental Redundancy, are first studied under the assumption of a finite-capacity HARQ buffer by considering both coded modulation, via Gaussian signaling, and Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM). The analysis sheds light on the impact of different compression strategies, namely the conventional compression log-likelihood ratios and the direct digitization of baseband signals, on the throughput. The optimization of coding blocklength is also investigated, highlighting the benefits of HARQ buffer-aware transmission scheme.
Concurrent Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Leiomyoma in the Same Kidney: Previously Unreported Association (2010)

We present an unusual case of concurrent occurrence of a multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma and a leiomyoma in the same kidney of a patient with no evident clinical symptoms. A 38-year-old man was found incidentally to have a cystic right renal mass on computed tomography. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed under a preoperative diagnosis of cystic renal cell carcinoma. Histology revealed a multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma and a leiomyoma. This is the first report of this kind of presentation.
Dynamic and static phantoms for evaluation of digital subtraction angiographic systems. (1985)

Two types of phantoms were developed with which to evaluate the overall performance of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) systems. A dynamic phantom, called a "fish bone" phantom, consists of polyethylene tubes that simulate blood vessels with various lesions, such as stenoses, ulcers, and aneurysms. With this phantom, washout curves were obtained representing the relationship between iodine content and time. It will be useful for qualitative assessment of DSA images, evaluation of different image-processing schemes, and studies of blood flow analysis. A static phantom, called a "C-D" phantom, can be used for measurement of quantitative contrast-detail (C-D) diagrams and for daily monitoring of DSA systems. This was constructed of tubes of seven different diameters (2.15-0.28 mm) and 14 different concentrations of contrast medium (100%-1.1% Renografin-76 [meglumine and sodium diatrizoate]). The C-D diagrams were determined from an observer performance study using C-D phantom images obtained at four different DSA settings.
Straightforward Assembly of Phenylimidazoquinoxalines via a One-Pot Two-Step MCR Process (2012)

An efficient multicomponent-based methodology providing a new entry into a medicinally important complex heterocyclic core is presented. The strategy is very general and able to endow target compounds with the highest possible number of diversity points. Notably, four new chemical bonds and two aromatic rings are formed in a one-pot fashion.
Targeted pH switched europium complexes monitoring receptor internalisation in living cells (2021)

We report the design and evaluation of pH responsive luminescent europium(iii) probes that allow conjugation to targeting vectors to monitor receptor internalisation in cells. The approach adopted here can be used to tag proteins selectively and to monitor uptake into more acidic organelles, thereby enhancing the performance of time-resolved internalisation assays that require pH monitoring in real time.
Absorption measurements of the second overtone band of NO in ambient and combustion gases with a 18-µm room-temperature diode laser (1997)

We describe the development of a room-temperature diode sensor for in situ monitoring of combustion-generated NO. The sensor is based on a near-IR diode laser operating near 1.8 mum, which probes isolated transitions in the second overtone (3, 0) absorption band of NO. Based on absorption cell data, the sensitivity for ambient atmospheric pressure conditions is of the order of 30 parts in 10(6) by volume for a meter path (ppmv-m), assuming a minimum measurable absorbance of 10(-5). Initial H(2) -air flame measurements are complicated by strong water vapor absorption features that constrain the available gain and dynamic range of the present detection system. Preliminary results suggest that detection limits in this environment of the order of 140 ppmv-m could be achieved with optimum baseline correction.
Session 13 overview: Energy-efficient RF systems: RF & wireless subcommittees (2015)

There is an increasing demand for energy efficient and very small wireless solutions for different applications such as IoT, wearable and wireless sensors. The papers presented in this session focus on various circuit and architecture techniques to demonstrate highly integrated low-power RF systems. Four papers present BLE RF system solutions. The other four papers demonstrate very-low-power techniques like receiver-based FLL, wake-up radio, extreme low duty-cycle regimes and RF energy harvesting.
Toxicity and Repellency of <I>Tephrosia candida</I> to Larval and Adult Diaprepes Root Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2003)

Leaves of the tropical legume Tephrosia candida DC deterred feeding by adults of the Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), compared with leaves of Citrus macrophylla Wester, a common citrus rootstock, or T. vogelii Hook. f. When larvae were placed in pots containing plants of the three species for 28 d in a growth chamber, larval survival and weight gain were significantly reduced in pots containing plants of T. candida compared with larvae in pots with C. macrophylla or T. vogelii. Diet incorporation of lyophilized roots of T. candida into an artificial diet increasingly inhibited the growth of larvae and increased larval mortality with increased concentration of roots, whereas roots from C. macrophylla or T. vogelii had no effect compared with the diet-only control. T. candida, but not T. vogelii, contains at least one constituent that acts as an antifeedant toward adult D. abbreviatus and as a toxicant toward larvae. No antifeedant effect of roots of T. candida toward larvae was observed in no-choice pot tests or in a diet incorporation bioassay. In pots, larval feeding damage to roots of T. candida was evident. In the diet incorporation assay, 97% of larvae survived 29 d on a diet of cellulose powder (a nutritionally inert filler) despite losing weight. We conclude that decreased survival and weight gain of larvae-fed fresh or lyophilized roots of T. candida were the result of ingestion of a toxicant and not deterrence from feeding.
Adversarial Examples that Fool both Computer Vision and Time-Limited\n Humans (2018)

Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples: small changes\nto images can cause computer vision models to make mistakes such as identifying\na school bus as an ostrich. However, it is still an open question whether\nhumans are prone to similar mistakes. Here, we address this question by\nleveraging recent techniques that transfer adversarial examples from computer\nvision models with known parameters and architecture to other models with\nunknown parameters and architecture, and by matching the initial processing of\nthe human visual system. We find that adversarial examples that strongly\ntransfer across computer vision models influence the classifications made by\ntime-limited human observers.\n
Time Course and Mechanism of Alterations in Proton Relaxation During Liver Regeneration in the Rat (1985)

We studied the proton T1 and T2, water and lipid content of regenerating rat liver from 1 to 7 days after 70% hepatectomy. Liver from normal and sham-operated animals and splenic tissue from all animals were studied as controls. In vivo proton spectroscopy and imaging of liver was performed in a separate group of control and posthepatectomy rats. The T2 of regenerating liver, but not of sham or normal control liver, was prolonged. Changes in T1, relative to normal tissue, were found in liver and spleen of both operated groups. Lipid content, assessed both by extraction of tissue samples and by in vivo spectroscopy, was increased in regenerating tissue but not in controls. Water content was similarly increased in regenerating liver tissue. Changes in water and lipid content appeared to contribute to the alterations in proton relaxation which we observed.
Adaptive body bias for reducing impacts of die-to-die and within-die parameter variations on microprocessor frequency and leakage (2003)

Measurements on a 150 nm CMOS test chip show that on-chip bidirectional adaptive body biasing compensates effectively for die-to-die parameter variation to meet both frequency and leakage requirements. An enhancement of this technique to correct for within-die variations triples the accepted die count in the highest frequency bin.
Reconfigurable Single/Multi-Band Filtering Power Divider Based on Quasi-Bandpass Sections (2016)

A new class of adaptive Wilkinson-type filtering power divider that simultaneously exhibits single/multi-band operation, frequency tuning, and controllable number of passbands is reported. It exploits the incorporation of single/multi-band quasi-bandpass sections into the input/output terminals of the power divider, whose quarter-wavelength-long transmission-line segments are reused as impedance inverters between the quasi-bandpass stages. In this manner, bandpass-type transfer functions are realized at the output nodes along with the power-distribution functionality. For experimental validation, a reconfigurable dual-band prototype that features tunable passbands in the range 0.8-1.2 GHz is designed, manufactured, and tested.
An Overview of Comics Research in Computer Science (2017)

A wide variety of research about comics has been proposed in the recent years. One of the main focuses of researchers in document image analysis is about comics content analysis and segmentation such as balloons, text or panels. Research about user interaction or content generation has also been proposed. However, as these parts have been covered by different research fields (document image analysis, multimedia, artificial intelligence, human computer interaction, etc.) with different sets of values. We propose in this paper an overview about the previous research about comics in computer science. We will state what have been done and which are the main outlooks of current research.
A probabilistic framework for forecasting maize yield response to agricultural inputs with sub-seasonal climate predictions (2023)

Abstract Crop yield results from the complex interaction between genotype, management, and environment. While farmers have control over what genotype to plant and how to manage it, their decisions are often sub-optimal due to climate variability. Sub-seasonal climate predictions embrace the great potential to improve risk analysis and decision-making. However, adequate frameworks integrating future weather uncertainty to predict crop outcomes are lacking. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields are highly sensitive to weather anomalies, and very responsive to plant density (plants m −2 ). Thus, economic optimal plat density is conditional to the seasonal weather conditions and can be anticipated with seasonal prospects. The aims of this study were to (i) design a model that describes the yield-to-plant density relationship (herein termed as yield–density) as a function of weather variables, and provides probabilistic forecasts for the economic optimum plant density (EOPD), and (ii) analyze the model predictive performance and sources of uncertainty. We present a novel approach to enable decision-making in agriculture using sub-seasonal climate predictions and Bayesian modeling. This model may inform crop management recommendations and accounts for various sources of uncertainty. A Bayesian hierarchical shrinkage model was fitted to the response of maize yield–density trials performed during the 2010–2019 period across seven states in the United States, identifying the relative importance of key weather, crop, and soil variables. Tercile forecasts of precipitation and temperature from the International Research Institute were used to forecast EOPD before the start of the season. The variables with the greatest influence on the yield–density relationship were weather anomalies, especially those variables indicating months with above-normal temperatures. Improvements on climate forecasting may also improve forecasts on yield responses to management, as we found reduced bias and error (by a factor &gt;10), and greater precision (e.g. R 2 increased from 0.26 to 0.32) for cases where weather forecasts matched observations. This study may contribute to the development of decision-support tools that can trigger discussions between farmers and consultants about management strategies and their associated risks.
Comparison of Preoperative Radiographs and Intraoperative Findings of Fixation of Hemispheric Porous-Coated Sockets (2001)

The most predictive radiographic findings for early diagnosis of loosening of a hemispheric porous-coated cup were progression of radiolucent lines more than two years after the operation and any new radiolucent line of 1 mm or wider that appeared more than two years postoperatively. Sequential anteroposterior and lateral radiographs are necessary to assess the time of onset and progression of radiolucent lines in order to identify loose hemispheric porous-coated cups accurately.
Pre-activated LentiKat ® -hydrogels for covalent binding of enzymes (2002)

A mild new enzyme immobilisation technique using pre-activated poly (vinylalcohol) hydrogel (LentiKats ® ) as an immobilisation matrix was developed. This new technique is based on the following procedure: First chitosan is entrapped in LentiKats ® as nondissolved small particles according the standard method (Jekel et al. 1998). Subsequently, the aminogroups of chitosan are activated with glutardialdehyde. After removing non reacted glutardialdehyde in a washing step, LentiKats ® are incubated with the enzyme solution. The enzyme molecules diffuse into the hydrogel matrix and are covalently bound. As model reaction we use the enantioselective synthesis of optically active (R)-cyanohydrins.
Path Loss in an Urban Peer-to-Peer Channel for Six Public-Safety Frequency Bands (2013)

We provide path loss data and models for a peer-to-peer wireless channel for an urban environment in six public safety bands, for simultaneous transmission to five spatially separated receiving sites. Results are from measurements in Denver, Colorado. The six frequencies at which we measured are (in MHz) 430, 750, 905, 1834, 2400, and 4860. Both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions were covered, and we quantify path loss exponents and linear-fit standard deviations as functions of frequency and location. Line-of-sight results agree with prior work, but non-line-of-sight exponents, from 3.6-7.3, are generally larger than in most other references.