gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Open-Label Randomized Comparison of Olanzapine Versus Risperidone in the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia (2006)

Our open-label, small-scale comparative study suggests that both risperidone and olanzapine appear to be efficacious antipsychotic medications in COS, with a slight nonsignificant advantage of olanzapine in the dropout rate.
Critical Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Diabetes (2005)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in several immunoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study we examined the role of MIF in the development of immunoinflammatory diabetes induced in susceptible strains of mice by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. We found that MIF protein was significantly elevated in islet cells during the development of diabetes, and that targeting MIF activity with either neutralizing antibody or the pharmacological inhibitor (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester, markedly reduced clinical and histopathological features of the disease, such as hyperglycemia and insulitis. Lymphocytes from mice treated with the MIF inhibitors exhibited reduction of both islet antigen-specific proliferative responses and adhesive cell-cell interactions. Neutralization of MIF also down-regulated the ex vivo secretion of the proinflammatory mediators, TNF-alpha, interferon-gamma, and nitric oxide, while augmenting that of the antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10. This study provides the first in vivo evidence for a critical role for MIF in the immune-mediated beta-cell destruction in an animal model of human type 1 diabetes mellitus and identifies a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of this disease in humans that is based on the selective inhibition of MIF activity.
Radar Image Using Subspace Tracking Based High-Resolution Algorithm for Road-Edge Detection (2005)

In this paper, a new method of detecting road-edges using millimeter-wave radar is proposed. The radar image is calculated with multiple signal classification algorithm which is based on subspace tracking technique of bi-iteration singular value decomposition. Both accuracy and robustness are obtained in the radar image. Therefore, we can easily extract road-edges using conventional Hough transform. The experimental results demonstrate a possibility of applying it into the road-edge detection system.
An ICPT-Supercapacitor Hybrid System for Surge-Free Power Transfer (2007)

This paper presents a technique for the suppression of voltage transients through the use of dynamically reconfigurable supercapacitor (SC) banks. The technique requires a minimum of two SC banks to transfer power from a mains supply to load in complete isolation. The banks are operated independently as energy-storing elements in one of the three states of charging, discharging, or idling, and transition of banks from one state to another with isolation is realized dynamically by inductively coupled power-transfer technology with no physical contacts. The proposed technique has no direct connection between the mains supply and load at any given moment, and power transfer takes place in complete isolation with built-in protection for both common- and differential-mode transients. Sizing of the banks with respect to various types of SCs and system parameters is analyzed. Comparisons between simulations and experimental results of two prototype systems, subjected to combination transient surges specified by IEC61000-4-5 standard, are presented with a discussion to show the validity of the proposed concept and its suitability for uninterruptible power systems and emergency power supplies.
Privacy Preserving Multiset Union with ElGamal Encryption. (2008)

Abstract. The privacy preserving multiset union (PPMU) protocol allows a set of parties, each with a multiset, to collaboratively compute a multiset union secretly, meaning that any information other than union is not revealed. We propose an efficient PPMU protocol, using multiplicative homomorphic property of ElGamal encryption over Fq[x]/f(x) where q is a prime and f(x) is an irreducible polynomial over Fq. The protocol involves a constant number of rounds and improves the computation and communication complexities of the scheme proposed by Kissner and Song. We also prove the security of the protocol in the random oracle model.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: current management and future perspectives (2015)

Pregnancy is associated with marked physiological changes challenging the cardiovascular system. Among the more severe pregnancy associated cardiovascular complications, peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening heart disease emerging towards the end of pregnancy or in the first postpartal months in previously healthy women. A major challenge is to distinguish the peripartum discomforts in healthy women (fatigue, shortness of breath, and oedema) from the pathological symptoms of PPCM. Moreover, pregnancy-related pathologies such as preeclampsia, myocarditis, or underlying genetic disease show overlapping symptoms with PPCM. Difficulties in diagnosis and the discrimination from other pathological conditions in pregnancy may explain why PPCM is still underestimated. Additionally, underlying pathophysiologies are poorly understood, biomarkers are scarce and treatment options in general limited. Experience in long-term prognosis and management including subsequent pregnancies is just beginning to emerge. This review focuses on novel aspects of physiological and pathophysiological changes of the maternal cardiovascular system by comparing normal conditions, hypertensive complications, genetic aspects, and infectious disease in PPCM-pregnancies. It also presents clinical and basic science data on the current state of knowledge on PPCM and brings them in context thereby highlighting promising new insights in diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches and management.
Modern Artificial Neural Networks: Is Evolution Cleverer? (2023)

Machine learning tools, particularly artificial neural networks (ANN), have become ubiquitous in many scientific disciplines, and machine learning-based techniques flourish not only because of the expanding computational power and the increasing availability of labeled data sets but also because of the increasingly powerful training algorithms and refined topologies of ANN. Some refined topologies were initially motivated by neuronal network architectures found in the brain, such as convolutional ANN. Later topologies of neuronal networks departed from the biological substrate and began to be developed independently as the biological processing units are not well understood or are not transferable to in silico architectures. In the field of neuroscience, the advent of multichannel recordings has enabled recording the activity of many neurons simultaneously and characterizing complex network activity in biological neural networks (BNN). The unique opportunity to compare large neuronal network topologies, processing, and learning strategies with those that have been developed in state-of-the-art ANN has become a reality. The aim of this review is to introduce certain basic concepts of modern ANN, corresponding training algorithms, and biological counterparts. The selection of these modern ANN is prone to be biased (e.g., spiking neural networks are excluded) but may be sufficient for a concise overview.
"Technological and Metallurgical Aspects in Cold-Working of Commercially-Pure Copper" (1981)

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Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Hybrid VLC-RF Networks with Imperfect Channel State Information (2020)

This paper proposes a general framework for the energy efficiency analysis of a hybrid visible light communication (VLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) wireless system, in which both VLC and RF subsystems utilize non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. The proposed framework is based on realistic communication scenarios as it takes into account the mobility of users and assumes imperfect channel-state information (CSI). In this context, tractable closed-form expressions are derived for the corresponding average sum-rate of NOMA-VLC and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)- VLC. It is shown extensively that incurred CSI errors have a considerable impact on the average energy efficiency of both NOMA-VLC and OFDMA-VLC systems. Hence, they should be taken into detailed account in the design of practical systems. We further demonstrate that the average energy efficiency of the hybrid NOMA-VLC-RF system outperforms the NOMA-VLC system under imperfect CSI. Respective computer simulations corroborate the derived analytic results, and interesting theoret- ical and practical insights are provided, which will be useful in the effective design and deployment of conventional VLC and hybrid VLC-RF systems
Diabetic retinopathy and other ocular complications (2015)

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common and specific ocular complication of diabetes, and is the leading cause of visual loss in working-aged adults in the developed world. Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have shown that optimal control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids can reduce the risk of development and progression of retinopathy. Timely treatment with laser photocoagulation and increasingly, the appropriate use of intraocular administration of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors can prevent visual loss in vision-threatening retinopathy, particularly diabetic macular edema. Since visual loss may not be present in the earlier stages of retinopathy, regular screening of persons with diabetes is essential to enable early intervention. Diabetes is also associated with other ocular conditions, such as cataract and retinal vascular occlusions, which can lead to visual impairment. Physicians managing persons with diabetes should therefore be aware of these conditions to ensure prompt diagnosis, early referral and treatment.
Electronic Structure of ZnSb2O6 with Trirutile-Type Structure. (2000)

Electronic structure of ZnSb2O6 was investigated using the discrete variational (DV)-Xα method on the model cluster [Zn5Sb10O56] 52-. In the calculation, the band gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied MO (LUMO) was 3.80 eV. In the valence band, Sb-O and Zn-O bondings are considered to be not perfectly ionic but partially covalent because of the hybridization of O 2p orbitals with Sb 5sp and Zn 3d orbitals. Furthermore, ZnSb2O6 crystal is expected to have a large electron mobility because Sb 5s orbitals are dominant at the bottom of the conduction band. The calculated net charges are +1.48e for Zn, -1.20e for O and +3.02e for Sb. The bond overlap populations are calculated to be 0.09 and 0.29 for Zn-O and Sb-O bondings, respectively. These results show that Sb-O bonding is more covalent than Zn-O bonding in ZnSb2O6 crystal.
ANALYSIS OF EXPLANTED ACETABULAR COMPONENTS MADE OF HIGHLY CROSSLINKED POLYETHYLENE (2006)

Introduction: Irradiation crosslinking of UHMWPE has been developed as an improvement over conventional UHMWPE to provide improved wear resistance, demonstrated during in-vitro studies as well as in early clinical results [1, 2]. The analysis of explants made of highly crosslinked UHMWPE yields valuable information about their clinical utility. Material: 26 explanted highly crosslinked UHMWPE inlays (Durasul, Zimmer) from various sources were surgically retrieved and analyzed. All inlays articulated with 28 mm CoCr heads except one (32 mm) and had an implantation time from 3 to 43 months (mean 14 months). The reasons for revision were: 9 for infection, 2 for ossification, 4 for luxation, 2 for pain, 4 for bone fracture and 5 for aseptic loosening. Results: On all explants, scratches on the articulation area as well as machining marks were visible; the latter have sometimes been smoothed out in the loaded area. There were no signs of delamination or oxidation. The loaded area, analyzed by SEM, exhibits microscopic changes in the morphology which have been reported to be potential microcracks [3]. When analyzed by TEM, it was seen that these surface features are ripples and folds, which are induced by normal adhesive-abrasive wear behavior and have a maximum size of 5 m [4]. Mechanisms like folding are reported also from conventional UHMWPE [5]. In order to separate wear from deformation, the shape memory behavior of UHMWPE was employed. After thermal treatment, smoothed machining marks were observed to recover. After about two years in-vivo, some of the machining marks in the loaded area do not recover, which indicates that minimal wear in the range of the height of the machining marks (approx. 10 m) has occurred. In comparison, after this time, 200–600 m of wear would be expected for conventional UHMWPE [6]. Conclusions: The findings from the retrievals showed that there is no adverse wear or material failures due to delamination or cracks at 3 to 43 months. The accumulated scratches are due to the fact that the wear of this highly crosslinked polyethylene is very small. The scratches do not polish out over time as with conventional UHMWPE and do not show adverse effects on the long-term behaviour of the implant. These results are consistent with the performed in-vitro studies.
Tunable mid-infrared, high-energy femtosecond laser source for glyco-prtein structure analysis (2006)

We have developed a mid-infrared femtosecond laser source with high stability and optical system for glycol-protein structure analysis. The DFG (difference frequency generation) light was irradiated to the SLeX proton added ion to a photo-dissociate it
Capillarity-driven thinning dynamics of entangled polymer solutions (2022)

We analyze the capillarity-driven thinning dynamics of entangled polymer solutions described by the Doi-Edwards-Marrucci-Grizzuti (DEMG) model and the Rolie-Poly (RP) model. Both models capture polymer reptation, finite rates of chain retraction and finite extensibility of single polymer molecules, while differing slightly in their final form regarding to the convective constraint release. We calculate numerically the filament thinning profiles predicted by the two models with realistic entanglement densities, assuming cylindrical filament shapes and no fluid inertia. Both results reveal an early tube-reorientation regime, followed by a brief intermediate elasto-capillary regime, and finally a finite-extensibility regime close to the pinch-off singularity. The results presented in this work reveal two critical features in the transient extensional rheology of entangled polymer solutions that have been reported from previous experimental studies, but are poorly described by the widely-used FENE-P model. First, the relaxation time obtained from capillary breakup extensional rheometry is notably smaller than that from steady-shear rheometry. Their ratio can be expressed as a universal function of the entanglement state and the polymer concentration, which agrees well with the experimental data for a range of entangled polymer solutions. Second, the filament thinning dynamics at sufficiently high polymer concentrations are governed by the tube reorientation at intermediate strain-rates, and the apparent extensional viscosity shows a noticeably rate-thinning response. We finally evaluate the filament thinning dynamics of aqueous polyethylene oxide solutions (1 MDa) over dilute and entangled regimes. As the concentration increases, the profiles deviate from the well-studied exponential-thinning trends beyond the entangled threshold, becoming increasingly power-law in character.
Linking contact tracing with genomic surveillance to deconvolute SARS-CoV-2 transmission on a university campus (2022)

Contact tracing and genomic data, approaches often used separately, have both been important tools in understanding the nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Linked analysis of contact tracing and sequence relatedness of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from a regularly sampled university environment were used to build a multilevel transmission tracing and confirmation system to monitor and understand transmission on campus. Our investigation of an 18-person cluster stemming from an athletic team highlighted the importance of linking contact tracing and genomic analysis. Through these findings, it is suggestive that certain safety protocols in the athletic practice setting reduced transmission. The linking of traditional contact tracing with rapid-return genomic information is an effective approach for differentiating between multiple plausible transmission scenarios and informing subsequent public health protocols to limit disease spread in a university environment.
Abstract 13845: Intramural Delivery of Pitavastatin Using a Novel Composite Drug Delivery System (Nanoparticle and Pulse Wave Infusion Catheter) Attenuates Neointima Formation after Balloon Injury in Porcine Coronary Arteries (2012)

Background: We recently reported the local intramural delivery and retention of nanoparticle (NP) for 4 weeks into wire-induced injured murine femoral arteries with a 5-minute incubation of NP by t...
The Genomic Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Rat Major Histocompatibility Complex (2004)

We have determined the sequence of a 4-Mb interval on rat chromosome 20p12 that encompasses the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This is the first report of a finished sequence for a segment of the rat genome and constitutes one of the largest contiguous sequences thus far for rodent genomes in general. The rat MHC is, next to the human MHC, the second mammalian MHC sequenced to completion. Our analysis has resulted in the identification of at least 220 genes located within the sequenced interval. Although gene content and order are well conserved in the class II and class III gene intervals as well as the framework gene regions, profound rat-specific features were encountered within the class I gene regions, in comparison to human and mouse. Class I region-associated differences were found both at the structural level, the number, and organization of class I genes and gene families, and, in a more global context, in the way that evolution worked to shape the present-day rat MHC.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Substituted‐α‐[(Trimethylsilyl)oxy]acrylonitriles from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes. (1986)

Abstract Aus den Aldehyden (I) erhält man mit Trimethylsilylcyanid die Cyanhydrin‐ether (II); durch Einwirkung von DBU wird die Doppelbindung verlagert, es entstehen die Isomere (III).
System modeling studies in iterative X-ray CT reconstruction (2008)

Iterative reconstruction shows potential for noise reduction and resolution improvements in X-ray CT. The forward projection operator is a key modeling choice in every iterative reconstruction method. The operator may be expressed in terms of the basis functions corresponding to a continuous representation of the image space. In this paper, we study three system models describing the mapping from image to sinogram space: the square pixel/cubic voxel basis, the Kaiser-Bessel ldquoblobrdquo function proposed by Lewitt, and DeMan & Basu's computationally efficient distance-driven method. We compare their behavior in reconstruction of synthetic phantoms and helical scan data in two and three dimensions.
Control of colloidal placement by modulated molecular orientation in nematic cells (2016)

Colloids self-assemble into various organized superstructures determined by particle interactions. There is tremendous progress in both the scientific understanding and the applications of self-assemblies of single-type identical particles. Forming superstructures in which the colloidal particles occupy predesigned sites and remain in these sites despite thermal fluctuations represents a major challenge of the current state of the art. We propose a versatile approach to directing placement of colloids using nematic liquid crystals with spatially varying molecular orientation preimposed by substrate photoalignment. Colloidal particles in a nematic environment are subject to the long-range elastic forces originating in the orientational order of the nematic. Gradients of the orientational order create an elastic energy landscape that drives the colloids into locations with preferred type of deformations. As an example, we demonstrate that colloidal spheres with perpendicular surface anchoring are driven into the regions of maximum splay, whereas spheres with tangential surface anchoring settle into the regions of bend. Elastic forces responsible for preferential placement are measured by exploring overdamped dynamics of the colloids. Control of colloidal self-assembly through patterned molecular orientation opens new opportunities for designing materials and devices in which particles should be placed in predesigned locations.
Fever, Diarrhea, and Severe Disease Correlate with High Persistent Antibody Levels against SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Lasting immunity will be critical for overcoming the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, factors that drive the development of high titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and how long those antibodies persist remain unclear. Our objective was to comprehensively evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a clinically diverse COVID-19 convalescent cohort at defined time points to determine if anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist and to identify clinical and demographic factors that correlate with high titers. Using a novel multiplex assay to quantify IgG against four SARS-CoV-2 antigens, a receptor binding domain-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibition assay, and a SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay, we found that 98% of COVID-19 convalescent subjects had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies five weeks after symptom resolution (n=113). Further, antibody levels did not decline three months after symptom resolution (n=79). As expected, greater disease severity, older age, male sex, obesity, and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score correlated with increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. We demonstrated for the first time that COVID-19 symptoms, namely fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and low appetite, correlated consistently with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. Our results provide new insights into the development and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.