gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematocrit as a predictor of significant injury after penetrating trauma (1997)

A study was undertaken to determine if there are differences in hematocrit (HCT) during the initial evaluation of patients with and without significant visceral intrathoracic or intraabdominal injury after penetrating trauma and, if so, the predictive value of this parameter. Sixty consecutive adults with potentially significant penetrating trauma who presented to an urban municipal trauma center during a 10-week period were studied. Diagnostic variables were recorded for all patients at risk for significant injury, defined as intrathoracic or intraabdominal injury requiring surgical intervention. Patients were ultimately grouped on the basis of operative findings or observation to discharge. Acquired variables included vital signs, initial HCT (HCT-0), HCT at 15 minutes (HCT-15), HCT at 30 minutes (HCT-30), and fluid administered. Twenty-one patients had significant injuries (INJ), and 39 did not (NO-INJ). INJ patients had lower HCT values than NO-INJ on presentation (35% +/- 6% and 41% +/- 5%, respectively). At presentation, a low HCT was predictive of significant injury, but a normal HCT did not preclude injury. The changes in HCT from arrival to 15 minutes, between INJ and NO-INJ patients, were similar (-1.5% +/- 3% and -0.6% +/- 3% respectively). Only when the decrease in HCT was > or =6.5% from presentation measurements was it predictive of injury. During the first 15 minutes a decrease in HCT of > or =6.5% had a positive predictive value and specificity of 1.0. The change in HCT between 15 and 30 minutes was less useful. There was a large difference between the amounts of fluid given to injured and uninjured patients, which may have been responsible for some of the differences in HCT between the two groups. These results show that HCT may have some diagnostic utility during the early management of penetrating trauma. Presentation with an HCT below normal, or an early decrease in HCT, is an indicator of potential injury. Although many patients with serious internal injuries do not manifest large decreases early after presentation, those who do have a high probability of internal injury. The lower the HCT, or the greater the decrease, the greater the probability that a significant injury exists.
Applicability of Solid-State Transformers in Today’s and Future Distribution Grids (2017)

Solid-state transformers (SSTs) are power electronic converters that provide isolation between a medium-voltage and a low-voltage (LV) system using medium-frequency transformers. The power electronic stages enable full-range control of the terminal voltages and currents and hence of the active and reactive power flows. Thus, SSTs are envisioned as key components of a smart grid. Various SST concepts have been proposed and analyzed in literature concerning technical aspects. However, several issues could potentially limit the applicability of SSTs in distribution grids. Therefore, this paper discusses four essential challenges in detail. It is found that SSTs are less efficient than low-frequency transformers (LFTs), yet their prospective prices are significantly higher. Furthermore, SSTs are not compatible with the protection schemes employed in today's LV grids, i.e., they are not drop-in replacements for LFTs. The limited voltage control range typically required in distribution grids can be provided by competing solutions, which do not involve power electronics (e.g., LFTs with tap changers), or by hybrid transformers, where the comparably inefficient power electronic stage processes only a fraction of the total power. Finally, potential application scenarios of SSTs (ac-dc, dc-dc, weight/space limited applications) are discussed. All considerations are distilled into an applicability flowchart for SST technology.
NS2 Protein of Hepatitis C Virus Interacts with Structural and Non-Structural Proteins towards Virus Assembly (2011)

Growing experimental evidence indicates that, in addition to the physical virion components, the non-structural proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are intimately involved in orchestrating morphogenesis. Since it is dispensable for HCV RNA replication, the non-structural viral protein NS2 is suggested to play a central role in HCV particle assembly. However, despite genetic evidences, we have almost no understanding about NS2 protein-protein interactions and their role in the production of infectious particles. Here, we used co-immunoprecipitation and/or fluorescence resonance energy transfer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy analyses to study the interactions between NS2 and the viroporin p7 and the HCV glycoprotein E2. In addition, we used alanine scanning insertion mutagenesis as well as other mutations in the context of an infectious virus to investigate the functional role of NS2 in HCV assembly. Finally, the subcellular localization of NS2 and several mutants was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Our data demonstrate molecular interactions between NS2 and p7 and E2. Furthermore, we show that, in the context of an infectious virus, NS2 accumulates over time in endoplasmic reticulum-derived dotted structures and colocalizes with both the envelope glycoproteins and components of the replication complex in close proximity to the HCV core protein and lipid droplets, a location that has been shown to be essential for virus assembly. We show that NS2 transmembrane region is crucial for both E2 interaction and subcellular localization. Moreover, specific mutations in core, envelope proteins, p7 and NS5A reported to abolish viral assembly changed the subcellular localization of NS2 protein. Together, these observations indicate that NS2 protein attracts the envelope proteins at the assembly site and it crosstalks with non-structural proteins for virus assembly.
Synthetic studies in the brefeldin series: asymmetric enamine-enal cycloaddition and intramolecular Nozaki reactions (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies in the brefeldin series: asymmetric enamine-enal cycloaddition and intramolecular Nozaki reactionsStuart L. Schreiber and Harold V. MeyersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 15, 5198–5200Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00223a053RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views960Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Circulating Biologically Active Adrenomedullin Predicts Organ Failure and Mortality in Sepsis (2019)

Bio-ADM could serve as a useful and objective biomarker to predict severity, organ failure, and 30-day mortality in septic patients.
FMT-PCCT: Hybrid Fluorescence Molecular Tomography—X-Ray Phase-Contrast CT Imaging of Mouse Models (2014)

The implementation of hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be a necessary development, not only for combining anatomical with functional and molecular contrast, but also for generating optical images of high accuracy. FMT affords highly sensitive 3-D imaging of fluorescence bio-distribution, but in stand-alone form it offers images of low resolution. It was shown that FMT accuracy significantly improves by considering anatomical priors from CT. Conversely, CT generally suffers from low soft tissue contrast. Therefore utilization of CT data as prior information in FMT inversion is challenging when different internal organs are not clearly differentiated. Instead, we combined herein FMT with emerging X-ray phase-contrast CT (PCCT). PCCT relies on phase shift differences in tissue to achieve soft tissue contrast superior to conventional CT. We demonstrate for the first time FMT-PCCT imaging of different animal models, where FMT and PCCT scans were performed in vivo and ex vivo, respectively. The results show that FMT-PCCT expands the potential of FMT in imaging lesions with otherwise low or no CT contrast, while retaining the cost benefits of CT and simplicity of hybrid device realizations. The results point to the most accurate FMT performance to date.
P-glycoprotein - A Novel Therapeutic Target for Immunomodulation in Clinical Transplantation and Autoimmunity? (2003)

P-glycoprotein, the human MDR1 gene product and cancer multidrug resistance-associated ATP-binding cassette transporter, is physiologically expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but its role in cellular immunity is only beginning to be elucidated. A role of P-glycoprotein in the secretion of several T cell- and antigen presenting cell-derived cytokines has been described, and additional functions of the molecule have been identified in lymphocyte survival and antigen presenting cell differentiation. Taken together, these findings provide compelling evidence that P-glycoprotein serves several distinct functions in the initiation of primary immune responses, and a critical role of the molecule in functional immune responses is now established. Here, we will review the current understanding of P-glycoprotein function in T cell activation and antigen presenting cell function, which are relevant to the fields of clinical transplantation and autoimmunity, and summarize the evidence for in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory actions of several known P-glycoprotein-inhibiting agents currently in clinical use for other indications. We suggest that it is the P-glycoprotein-inhibitory function of many of these agents that underly their immunoregulatory capacities. Thus, the established immunoregulatory function of P-glycoprotein and the availability of P-glycoprotein-inhibitory drugs raise the possibility that P-glycoprotein may represent a promising novel therapeutic target for immune modulation in acute and chronic allograft rejection, and cell-mediated autoimmune disorders.
Subzero‐Temperature Cathode for a Sodium‐Ion Battery (2016)

A subzero-temperature cathode material is obtained by nucleating cubic prussian blue crystals at inhomogeneities in carbon nanotubes. Due to fast ionic/electronic transport kinetics even at -25 °C, the cathode shows an outstanding low-temperature performance in terms of specific energy, high-rate capability, and cycle life, providing a practical sodium-ion battery powering an electric vehicle in frigid regions.
Retraction of “Tunable Plasmonic Nanoprobes for Theranostics of Prostate Cancer” (2017)

[This retracts the article on p. 3 in vol. 1, PMID: 21547151.].
Regulation of the chondrogenic phenotype in culture (2009)

In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of regenerative approaches to produce hyaline cartilage ex vivo that can be utilized for the repair or replacement of damaged or diseased tissue. It is clinically imperative that cartilage engineered in vitro mimics the molecular composition and organization of and exhibits biomechanical properties similar to persistent hyaline cartilage in vivo. Experimentally, much of our current knowledge pertaining to the regulation of cartilage formation, or chondrogenesis, has been acquired in vitro utilizing high-density cultures of undifferentiated chondroprogenitor cells stimulated to differentiate into chondrocytes. In this review, we describe the extracellular matrix molecules, nuclear transcription factors, cytoplasmic protein kinases, cytoskeletal components, and plasma membrane receptors that characterize cells undergoing chondrogenesis in vitro and regulate the progression of these cells through the chondrogenic differentiation program. We also provide an extensive list of growth factors and other extracellular signaling molecules, as well as chromatin remodeling proteins such as histone deacetylases, known to regulate chondrogenic differentiation in culture. In addition, we selectively highlight experiments that demonstrate how an understanding of normal hyaline cartilage formation can lead to the development of novel cartilage tissue engineering strategies. Finally, we present directions for future studies that may yield information applicable to the in vitro generation of hyaline cartilage that more closely resembles native tissue.
Learning Soft Mask Based Feature Fusion with Channel and Spatial Attention for Robust Visual Object Tracking (2020)

We propose to improve the visual object tracking by introducing a soft mask based low-level feature fusion technique. The proposed technique is further strengthened by integrating channel and spatial attention mechanisms. The proposed approach is integrated within a Siamese framework to demonstrate its effectiveness for visual object tracking. The proposed soft mask is used to give more importance to the target regions as compared to the other regions to enable effective target feature representation and to increase discriminative power. The low-level feature fusion improves the tracker robustness against distractors. The channel attention is used to identify more discriminative channels for better target representation. The spatial attention complements the soft mask based approach to better localize the target objects in challenging tracking scenarios. We evaluated our proposed approach over five publicly available benchmark datasets and performed extensive comparisons with 39 state-of-the-art tracking algorithms. The proposed tracker demonstrates excellent performance compared to the existing state-of-the-art trackers.
Modeling and simulation of EPON with sleep mode enabled using OPNET (2014)

Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are assumed to be green access technology; however, there is still big room to maximize its energy saving. Therefore, there are significant research efforts in industries and academia. To evaluate and compare different types of energy efficiency solutions in PON, mathematical models are already studied energy efficiency. However, mathematical models are complex and require simple assumptions; so that, simulation models are preferred to obtain big picture and detailed analysis of PON. One of the widely applied approaches to make PON energy efficient is sleep mode mechanism, in which some of the components in PON equipment are turned off whenever possible. However, sleep mode could deteriorate Quality of Service (QoS) performance of PON traffic (e.g. packet might experience delay, throughput might be reduced). Therefore, it is significantly important to take into consideration these QoS factors while proposing any sleep mode algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, to date, there are a few existing research efforts to understand energy saving and TCP traffic performance in PON at the same time. In this paper, we develop a novel simulation and modeling framework for Ethernet PON (EPON) with sleep mode capability using OPNET Modular; so that, all network traffic performance could be analyzed and wide range of results could be produced. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of TCP throughput under a very widely used sleep interval deciding algorithm used for TDM-PONs (e.g. EPON). Our findings show that depending on parameters used in sleep interval deciding algorithms and available traffic in EPON at a given time, sleep mode might affect TCP throughput remarkably.
New Type of Matrix Support for Bone Marrow Cell Cultures:In Vitro Culture and In Vivo Transplantation Experiments (2000)

A new type of bone marrow cell culture system was developed by using a highly porous substrate matrix, i.e., porous polyvinyl formal (PVF) resin. Murine bone marrow (BM) cells were cultured without the use of exogenous growth factors in a three-dimensional matrix support made of collagen coated porous PVF resin. To examine the optimal conditions for highest stromal cell density, short-term and long-term in vitro culture experiments using PVF were performed. In the short-term culture experiments, it was found that cubes of PVF (10 x 10 x 2 mm and 130 microm in pore size) coated with type I collagen with a seeding density of 2x10(7) BM cells offered the most appropriate culture conditions. In the long-term cultures, BM cells in PVF maintained their viability for up to 6 weeks. In another series of re-inoculation experiments, freshly isolated BM cells were inoculated onto the already developed stromal layer. In this study, a higher cell density of the stromal layer was obtained in the PVF culture compared with those in the control dish culture. Based upon the results of in vitro experiments, in vivo transplantation studies were also performed. Histologic examinations of the subcutaneously transplanted PVF with stroma revealed host derived hematopoiesis inside the PVF matrix. Moreover, survival of approximately 15% of the transplanted BM cells that were cultured in PVF were confirmed in X-ray irradiated recipients. From these results, it is suggested that PVF resin is a promising three-dimensional substrate for BM cell culture and that it can maintain hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells after transplantation.
Evolution of Metallicity in Vanadium Dioxide by Creation of Oxygen Vacancies (2017)

Finding ways to tune their states is the key to using correlated electron systems in device applications. The authors show how to cleanly generate an extremely oxygen-starved environment, which leads to the collapse of the insulating ground state in VO${}_{2}$, a prototypical correlated oxide. A nonvolatile metallic phase with unique optical properties is stabilized down to 2 K by oxygen vacancies, and the insulating phase plus intermediate-resistance states can be accessed reversibly via ``oxygen breathing''.
Graph learning by a set of automata. The nondeterministic case (2015)

Graph learning with automata is a basic task in many applications. Among such applications is formal model-based verification and testing of software and hardware systems, as well as network exploration including Internet and GRID. The model of a system or a network, in the final analysis, is reduced to an oriented graph of transitions with properties to be examined. In the recent years, the size of the real-life systems and networks and, consequently, the size of their graph models continuously grows. The problems arise when the graph learning by a single automaton (computer) either requires unacceptable long time, or the graph does not fit in the single computer memory, or both. Therefore, there is a task of parallel and distributed graph learning. This task is formalized as graph learning by a set of automata. The basis for such learning is graph traversal (traversing all its arcs accessible from the initial node). Automata can be generated in the initial node, move along the arcs of the graph according with their orientation and exchange messages through independent (of the graph) communication network. The total memory of the automata is used for storing the descriptions of the already traversed part of the graph. To move from node along an arc outgoing from it, the automaton should somehow identify this arc: indicate its number. In our paper "Graph learning by a set of automata" we proposed an algorithm of such traversal for deterministic graphs. The task is more complicated if the graph is nondeterministic. In such graph, to one arc number correspond, generally speaking, multiple arcs, one of which is chosen nondeterministically for traversal. To make the traversal possible, the following should be guaranteed: in unlimited number of experiments, each outgoing arc with the given number can be traversed. We call such nondeterminism fair. This paper covers the solution of the problem of traversal of fairly nondeterministic graphs.
Mitochondrial Toxicity of 2,5-Diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1 ,4-benzoquinone (1983)

2,5-Diaziridinyl-3,6-bis-(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ) is an antitumor agent characterized by lipid solubility and the ability to penetrate the central nervous system. Two human glioma-derived cell lines, SNB-1 and SNB-2, proved by microcytotoxicity assay to be sensitive to AZQ, were examined with transmission electron microscopy for morphologic changes induced by this drug. AZQ was used in two ways: a) dissolved with dimethylacetamide (aqueous) at concentrations of 25 and 50 micrograms/ml and b) solid (surface plated) at 3.1 and 6.2 micrograms/mm2. A time study from 30 minutes to 48 hours was performed. Selective mitochondrial destruction was noted after 8 hours of exposure to AZQ. After 12 hours, condensation of chromatin along the periphery of the nucleus and dilation of endoplasmic reticulum were two other cellular reactions observed. Thus in addition to the known alkylating activity of AZQ, it has significant mitochondrial toxicity. This antimitochondrial effect is possibly an important factor in the antiglioma cell cytotoxicity of AZQ.
Synthesis of Microcolin B, a Potent New Immunosuppressant Using an Efficient Mixed Imide Formation Reaction (1997)

Microcolin B, a potent new immunosuppressant isolated from blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula off the Venezuelan coast, has been made using a methyl-directed asymmetric hydrogenation reaction with rhodium on alumina catalyst on lactone 4 for the synthesis of the key (R,R)-2,4-dimethyloctanoic acid fragment 1. A new, direct mixed imide formation reaction was also developed for the production of the unusual prolylpyrrolen-2-one 2 portion of microcolin. The pentafluorophenyl ester of CBZ-proline 5 was reacted with the lithium imidate of lactam 6, providing the mixed imide in 80% yield. Coupling of acid 1 with the N-terminus of the tripeptide, followed by coupling with pyrrolylproline 2, gave microcolin B. The new mixed-imide forming reaction was also applied to a formal total synthesis of microcolin A. The pentafluorophenyl ester of TBS-protected cis-hydroxyproline was coupled with lactam 6, and the resultant imide was converted to the key pyrrolylproline made previously for microcolin A.
Risk Factors for Indinavir-Related Renal Colic in HIV Patients: Predictive Value of Indinavir Dose/Body Mass Index (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Nov 2004Risk Factors for Indinavir-Related Renal Colic in HIV Patients: Predictive Value of Indinavir Dose/Body Mass Index Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000141711.83321.20AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Risk Factors for Indinavir-Related Renal Colic in HIV Patients: Predictive Value of Indinavir Dose/Body Mass Index." The Journal of Urology, 172(5), pp. 2102–2103 © 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 5November 2004Page: 2102-2103 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...