gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly (112)-Oriented CuInS2 Thin Films Deposited by a One-Stage RF Reactive Sputtering Process (2002)

We demonstrate the first one-stage growth of CuInS2 films by radio frequency (RF) reactive sputtering with a Cu–In alloy target and H2S gas. High quality films of good adhesion can be sputtered either on bare float glass at a minimum substrate temperature of 400°C or on Mo- or ZnO-coated float glass at a relatively low temperature of 200°C. X-ray diffraction results revealed that the films sputtered on the bare, Mo- or ZnO-coated float glass substrates are highly (112) oriented. Typically the as-deposited films are slightly Cu-rich as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The surface morphology and homogeneity of the layers were as well analyzed by atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy.
Deep Sequencing of the Human Retinae Reveals the Expression of Odorant Receptors (2017)

Several studies have demonstrated that the expression of odorant receptors (ORs) occurs in various tissues. These findings have served as a basis for functional studies that demonstrate the potential of ORs as drug targets for a clinical application. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first evaluation of the mRNA expression of ORs and the localization of OR proteins in the human retina that set a stage for subsequent functional analyses. RNA-Sequencing datasets of three individual neural retinae were generated using Next-generation sequencing and were compared to previously published but reanalyzed datasets of the peripheral and the macular human retina and to reference tissues. The protein localization of several ORs was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The transcriptome analyses detected an average of 14 OR transcripts in the neural retina, of which <i>OR6B3</i> is one of the most highly expressed ORs. Immunohistochemical stainings of retina sections localized OR2W3 to the photosensitive outer segment membranes of cones, whereas OR6B3 was found in various cell types. OR5P3 and OR10AD1 were detected at the base of the photoreceptor connecting cilium, and OR10AD1 was also localized to the nuclear envelope of all of the nuclei of the retina. The cell type-specific expression of the ORs in the retina suggests that there are unique biological functions for those receptors.
Interactions between PMIPv6 and MIPv6: scenarios and related issues (2008)

The scenarios where Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) and Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
protocols interact with each other need special considerations. An
analysis of all the scenarios that involve this interaction is
necessary in order to provide guidelines to PMIPv6 protocol design and
applicability. This document describes all identified possible
scenarios, which require an interaction between PMIPv6 and MIPv6 and
discusses all issues related to these scenarios. Solutions to enable
these scenarios are also described.Requirements Language The key
words MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD,
SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL in this document
are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[b]thieno‐ and Benzo[b]furano[2,3‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole‐5‐, ‐7‐ and ‐5,7‐dione. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Generation of Adaptive Immune Responses Following Influenza Virus Challenge is Not Compromised by Pre-Treatment with the TLR-2 Agonist Pam2Cys (2015)

Immunostimulatory agents provide a new category of anti-microbial agents that activate the host's innate immune system allowing control of viral and/or bacterial infections. The TLR-2 agonist PEG-Pam2Cys has been shown to mediate potent anti-viral activity against influenza viruses when administered prophylactically (1). Here, we demonstrate that the treatment of mice with PEG-Pam2Cys does not compromise their ability to generate adaptive immune responses following subsequent challenge with influenza virus. The antibody induced in mice pre-treated with Pam2Cys possessed hemagglutination-inhibiting activities and the CD8(+) T-cell responses that were elicited provided protection against heterologous viral challenge. In the absence of an effective influenza vaccine, an agent that provides immediate protection against the virus and does not compromise the induction of influenza-specific immunity on exposure to infectious virus provides an opportunity for population immunity to be achieved through natural exposure to virus.
Ambipolar field-effect transistor based on organic-inorganic hybrid structure (2007)

The authors developed an ambipolar field-effect transistor (FET) based on an organic-inorganic hybrid structure that consisted of an indium zinc oxide and pentacene double layer fabricated on a SiO2∕n++-Si substrate. Although the FETs based on an indium zinc oxide or pentacene single layer only showed unipolar FET characteristics, the hybrid FET showed definite ambipolar FET characteristics. The authors obtained a highly saturated field-effect hole and electron mobilities of 0.14 and 13.8cm2∕Vs. Furthermore, the authors demonstrated electroluminescence from hybrid FETs using tetracene as an emitting layer. The authors’ success shows that the hybridization of organic and inorganic materials opens up a new field in electronics.
Topotactic condensation of layer silicates with ferrierite-type layers forming porous tectosilicates (2014)

Five different hydrous layer silicates (HLSs) containing fer layers (ferrierite-type layers) were obtained by hydrothermal syntheses from mixtures of silicic acid, water and tetraalkylammonium/tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxides. The organic cations had been added as structure directing agents (SDA). A characteristic feature of the structures is the presence of strong to medium strong hydrogen bonds between the terminal silanol/siloxy groups of neighbouring layers. The five-layered silicates differ chemically only with respect to the organic cations. Structurally, they differ with respect to the arrangement of the fer layers relative to each other, which is distinct for every SDA-fer-layer system. RUB-20 (containing tetramethylammonium) and RUB-40 (tetramethylphosphonium) are monoclinic with stacking sequence AAA and shift vectors between successive layers 1a0 + 0b0 + 0.19c0 and 1a0 + 0b0 + 0.24c0, respectively. RUB-36 (diethyldimethylammonium), RUB-38 (methyltriethylammonium) and RUB-48 (trimethylisopropylammonium) are orthorhombic with stacking sequence ABAB and shift vectors 0.5a0 + 0b0± 0.36c0, 0.5a0 + 0b0 + 0.5c0 and 0.5a0 + 0b0± 0.39c0, respectively. Unprecedented among the HLSs, two monoclinic materials are made up of fer layers which possess a significant amount of ordered defects within the layer. The ordered defects involve one particular Si-O-Si bridge which is, to a fraction of ca. 50%, hydrolyzed to form nests of two ≡Si-OH groups. When heated to 500-600 °C in air, the HLSs condense to form framework silicates. Although all layered precursors were moderately to well ordered, the resulting framework structures were of quite different crystallinity. The orthorhombic materials RUB-36, -38 and -48, general formula SDA4Si36O72(OH)4, which possess very strong hydrogen bonds (d[O···O] ≈ 2.4 Å), transform into a fairly or well ordered CDO-type silica zeolite RUB-37. The monoclinic materials RUB-20 and -40, general formula SDA2Si18O36(OH)2OH, possessing medium strong hydrogen bonds (d[O···O] ≈ 2.65 Å) are transformed into poorly ordered framework silicates. Some rules of thumb can be established concerning the successful zeolite synthesis via a topotactic condensation of layered precursors. Favourably, the precursor (i) possesses already a well ordered structure without defects, (ii) contains strong inter-layer hydrogen bonds and does not contain strong intra-layer hydrogen bonds and (iii) contains a suitable cation. The nature of the organic cation (size, geometry, flexibility, thermal stability) plays a key role in the formation of a microporous tectosilicate with well ordered structure. RUB-36 which meets these criteria yields a well ordered condensation product (RUB-37).
Recombinant human antibodies: linkage of an Fab fragment from a combinatorial library to an Fc fragment for expression in mammalian cell culture (1993)

The combinatorial phage library approach to immunoglobulin repertoire cloning recently made it possible to isolate gene fragments encoding human immunoglobulin G1 Fabs binding with high affinity to specific antigens. Here we describe the construction of genes encoding whole human anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies based on one of these gene fragments and the efficient expression of these constructs by co-transfection of separate heavy and light chain vectors into a Chinese hamster ovary cell line constitutively expressing a viral transactivator protein. This system will be generally useful for the rapid analysis of recombinant antibodies derived from combinatorial libraries.
Progress Towards the Total Synthesis of Bengazole A, an Antifungal Natural Product from a Marine Sponge Jaspis sp. (1998)

Bengazole A is a highly potent antifungal agent from a marine sponge of the genus Jaspis sp. The structure of bengazole A contains a bis-(oxazolyl)methanol moiety which is an unprecedented motif among natural products. In addition, bengazole A is the only known marine natural product that contains a C5 monosubstituted oxazole. This dissertation research describes work towards the total synthesis of bengazole A and the development of new synthetic methodology.Chapter 2 details the initial work on the synthesis of bengazole A including the attempted synthesis of the undescribed 2-formyloxazoline. While efforts to prepare a 2- formyloxazoline were unsuccessful, a novel oxidative rearrangement of 2-methyloxazoline to a dihydrooxazinone was discovered.Chapter 3 develops the methodology of the oxazoline-dihydrooxazinone oxidative rearrangement, describes the chemistry of 3-unsubstituted dihydrooxazinones, and utilizes the oxidative rearrangement for the synthesis of optically pure (S)-tert-leucine. The mechanism of the oxidative rearrangement was investigated by kinetic studies, isolation of an intermediate, and 13C labeling studies. These studies led to refinement of the proposed mechanism of reaction.Chapter 4 describes the preparation of an advanced intermediate incorporating C1-­C9 of bengazole A by taking advantage of the ambident nucleophilicity of 2-lithiooxazole with preferential C4 addition to aldehydes. The aldehyde used in the synthesis, a precursor to the bengazole side chain, C1-C6, was prepared from the inexpensive sugar D-galactose.Chapter 5 outlines a synthetically useful preparation of C5 monosubstituted oxazoles for incorporation in the last stage of bengazole A synthesis. The methodology allows selective deprotonation-electrophilic addition at C5 of 2-methylthiooxazole for the construction of 5-substituted oxazoles. The methylthio group is then conveniently removed by reductive desulfurization with Raney nickel.
Gaussian and exponential lateral connectivity on distributed spiking neural network simulation (2019)

We measured the impact of long-range exponentially decaying intra-areal lateral connectivity on the scaling and memory occupation of a distributed spiking neural network simulator compared to that of short-range Gaussian decays. While previous studies adopted short-range connectivity, recent experimental neurosciences studies are pointing out the role of longer-range intra-areal connectivity with implications on neural simulation platforms. Two-dimensional grids of cortical columns composed by up to 11 M point-like spiking neurons with spike frequency adaptation were connected by up the 30 G synapses using short- and long-range connectivity model.s The MPI processes composing the distributed simulator were run on up to 1024 hardware cores, hosted on a 64 nodes server platform. The hardware platform was a cluster of IBM NX360 M5 16-core compute nodes, each one containing two Intel Xeon Haswell 8-core E5-2630 v3 processors, with a clock of 2.40 G Hz, interconnected through an Infiniband network, equipped with 4xQDR switches.
Platinum‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement Reactions: Generating Structural Diversity by a Uniform Mechanism (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cooperation of endothelin-1 signaling with melanosomes plays a role in developing and/or maintaining human skin hyperpigmentation (2015)

Skin hyperpigmentation is characterized by increased melanin synthesis and deposition that can cause significant psychosocial and psychological distress. Although several cytokine-receptor signaling cascades contribute to the formation of ultraviolet B-induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation, their possible involvement in other types of skin hyperpigmentation has never been clearly addressed. Since our continuous studies using skin specimens from more than 30 subjects with ethnic skin diversity emphasized a consistent augmentation in the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor (Endothelin B receptor, ET-B) in hyperpigmented lesions, including senile lentigos (SLs), the precise function of ET-1 signaling was investigated in the present study. In line with previous studies, ET-1 significantly induced melanogenesis followed by increases in melanosome transport in melanocytes and in its transfer to keratinocytes while inhibition of ET-B function substantially depressed melanogenic ability in tissue-cultured SLs. Additionally, in agreement with a previous report that the formation of autophagosomes rather than melanosomes is stimulated according to starvation or defective melanosome production, ET-1 was found to remarkably augment the expression of components necessary for early melanosome formation, indicating its counteraction against autophagy-targeting melanosome degradation in melanocytes. Despite the lack of substantial impact of ET-1 on keratinocyte melanogenic functions, the expression of ET-1 was enhanced following melanosome uptake by keratinocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that ET-1 plays a substantial role in the development and/or maintenance of skin hyperpigmentation in reciprocal cooperation with increased melanosome incorporation.
Polymerization of propylene with the [ArN(CH2)3NAr]TiCl2 (Ar = 2,6-i Pr2C6H3) complex using R3Al/Ph3CB(C6F5)4 (R = Me, Et,iBu) as cocatalyst (1998)

Polymerization of propylene was conducted at 0 ∼ 150°C with the [ArN(CH2)3NAr]TiCl2 (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) complex using a mixture of trialkylaluminium (AIR3, R = methyl, ethyl and isobutyl) and Ph3CB(C6F5)4 as cocatalyst. When AlMe3 or AlEt3 was employed, atactic polypropylene (PP) was selectively produced, whereas the use of Al(iBu)3 gave a mixture of atactic and isotactic PP. The isotactic index (I.I.; weight fraction of isotactic polymer) depended strongly upon the polymerization temperature, and the highest I.I. was obtained at ca. 40°C. The 13C NMR analysis of the isotactic polymer suggests that the isotactic polymerization proceeds by an enantiomorphic-site mechanism. It was also demonstrated that the present catalyst shows a very high regiospecificity.
Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection Treated with Debridement and Prosthesis Retention (1997)

Debridement and retention of the prosthesis was the initial treatment modality in 30 patients with 33 Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) who presented to the Mayo Clinic between 1980 and 1991. Treatment failure, defined as relapse of S. aureus PJI or occurrence of culture-negative PJI during continuous antistaphylococcal therapy, occurred in 21 of 33 prosthetic joints. The 1-year and 2-year cumulative probabilities of treatment failure were 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36%-71%) and 69% (95% CI, 52%-86%), respectively. A median of 4 additional surgical procedures (range, 1-9) were required to control the infection in the 21 prosthetic joints for which treatment failed. Prostheses that were debrided >2 days after onset of symptoms were associated with a higher probability of treatment failure than were those debrided within 2 days of onset (relative risk, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.6-10.3). These data suggest that debridement and retention of the prosthesis as the initial therapy for PJI due to S. aureus is associated with a high cumulative probability of treatment failure and that the probability of treatment failure may be related to the duration of symptoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Diamino Benzo[b]thiophene Derivatives as a Novel Class of Active Site Directed Thrombin Inhibitors. Part 6. Further Focus on the Contracted C4′‐Side Chain Analogues. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interference management enablers for 5G radio access networks (2016)

Inter-cell Interference can be seen as a huge challenge towards meeting the high capacity and coverage targets, as envisioned in 5G era. To this end, factors like the expected high density of access nodes reusing the same spectrum, the diverse sources of interference from heterogeneous access technologies, flexible wireless backhauling and the consideration of multiple 5G services with different KPIs can have strong impact on the way interference management is handled. This paper discusses three key interference management drivers, as good candidates for service-tailored optimization, which aimed improving users' performance in terms of cell-edge throughput, providing energy-efficiency aware resource management and minimizing the signalling overhead using BS clustering and context-awareness.
Nonimaging Optics (2015)

Abstract In illumination and other applications, light must be transferred from a source to a target by optical means, without the need to form an image of such source. Moreover, there is often the need to explicitly avoid image formation, and accomplish with additional goals such as maximum transfer of light (high efficiency), reduced optics size and costs, precribed illuminance patterns or uniformity in the delivered light beams. The branch of optics that specializes in these types of problems is called nonimaging optics, and was initiated in the mid 1960s. Since then it has progressed in the development of methods and devices and widened its applications enormously. This chapter explains nonimaging optics theoretical background first, and then proceeds with the explanation of main types of design problems and design methods utilized in this expertise field. Some practical applications for nonimaging designs are shown in the last section.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Swing-Up of a Rotary Inverted Pendulum (2004)

This paper presents the experimental implementation of a gradient-based nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithm to the swing-up control of a rotary inverted pendulum. The key attribute of the NMPC algorithm used here is that it only seeks to reduce the error at the end of the prediction horizon rather than finding the optimal solution. This reduces the computation load and allows real-time implementation. We discuss the implementation strategy and experimental results. In addition to NMPC based swing-up control, we also present results from a gradient based iterative learning control, which is the basis our NMPC algorithm.
Ellipsometric analysis of built-in electric fields in semiconductor heterostructures (1987)

Measurements of Franz–Keldysh (FK) effects in GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures by variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry are reported. The measured FK effects are due to the built-in band bending at the surface and heterointerfaces, with no externally applied bias or modulating voltage. The polarity of the FK line shape indicates whether the field is uniform or nonuniform (inhomogeneous) in the direction along the growth axis, while the linewidth is determined by the peak field strength. This information can be used to characterize the doping concentration in the AlxGa1−xAs layer.
Nextel 610 And 650 Fiber Reinforced Porous Alumina-Yag Matrix Composites (2008)

A two-phase matrix consisting of alumina particles bonded with YAG was reinforced with NextelTM 610 cloth or NextelTM 650 tows. The use of a solution-derived YAG as a second phase in the matrix was intended to coat fibers as well. However, due to the small amount of YAG allowed in the matrix during composite processing, YAG was not homogeneously distributed throughout the matrix and filled only a small fraction of the porosity. Segregation of yttrium was observed at all alumina grain boundaries in the matrix. The stress-strain behavior of the composites was compared to that of composites that did not contain the YAG second phase. In all cases the YAG-containing composites gave higher ultimate stresses and greater strains to failure than the all-alumina composites when processed at 1200°C. Composite strength of the alumina-YAG matrix composites was likely increased by minimizing either fiber degradation or matrix densification. Nextel 650 fiber-reinforced composites heat treated at 1200°C for 100 h had the same reduced strength, due to severe fiber degradation.
Rapid Morphological and Cytoskeletal Response to Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages (2019)

The FLUMIAS (Fluorescence-Microscopic Analyses System for Life-Cell-Imaging in Space) confocal laser spinning disk fluorescence microscope represents a new imaging capability for live cell imaging experiments on suborbital ballistic rocket missions. During the second pioneer mission of this microscope system on the TEXUS-54 suborbital rocket flight, we developed and performed a live imaging experiment with primary human macrophages. We simultaneously imaged four different cellular structures (nucleus, cytoplasm, lysosomes, actin cytoskeleton) by using four different live cell dyes (Nuclear Violet, Calcein, LysoBrite, SiR-actin) and laser wavelengths (405, 488, 561, and 642 nm), and investigated the cellular morphology in microgravity (10<sup>-4</sup> to 10<sup>-5</sup> g) over a period of about six minutes compared to 1 g controls. For live imaging of the cytoskeleton during spaceflight, we combined confocal laser microscopy with the SiR-actin probe, a fluorogenic silicon-rhodamine (SiR) conjugated jasplakinolide probe that binds to F-actin and displays minimal toxicity. We determined changes in 3D cell volume and surface, nuclear volume and in the actin cytoskeleton, which responded rapidly to the microgravity environment with a significant reduction of SiR-actin fluorescence after 4-19 s microgravity, and adapted subsequently until 126-151 s microgravity. We conclude that microgravity induces geometric cellular changes and rapid response and adaptation of the potential gravity-transducing cytoskeleton in primary human macrophages.