gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matériaux polymères et développement durable (2010)

La seconde moitié du XXe siècle, appelée parfois « âge des plastiques », a connu un essor exponentiel des matériaux polymères dans tous les secteurs de l'activité industrielle. Si la production de polymères continue de croître aujourd'hui, tous les pays développés sont face à de nouveaux challenges en rapport avec la raréfaction des énergies fossiles et les problématiques du développement durable. De nombreux travaux de recherche conduits dans des écoles membres de la Fédération Gay-Lussac cherchent à apporter une contribution à ce domaine en explorant de nouveaux aspects de la science des polymères. Sont concernés : des réactions de polymérisation non conventionnelles, de nouveaux types de réseaux tridimensionnels, la valorisation de polymères naturels, les biocomposites et nano-biocomposites, la durabilité des pièces en polymère.&#13;\nThe second half of the 20th century, sometimes called "the plastic age", knew a boom of polymer materials in all the sectors of industrial activity. Nowadays, although polymer production is continuously growing, all the developed countries are facing new challenges regarding the rarefaction of fossil resources and the sustainable development. Many research works performed in the institutions affiliated to the Fédération Gay-Lussac aim to contribute to this field by exploring some new aspects of polymer science. They include: unusual polymerization reactions, new types of tri-dimensional networks, valorization of natural polymers, biocomposites and nano-biocomposites, durability of polymeric products.
Cytoplasmic metallothionein overexpression protects NIH 3T3 cells from tert-butyl hydroperoxide toxicity. (1994)

Metallothioneins (MT) are ubiquitous low molecular weight metal-binding proteins that may act as antioxidants. We examined the sensitivity of NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a plasmid containing mouse metallothionein-I gene (NIH3T3/MT) to the membrane permeant oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH). NIH3T3/MT cells had a 4-fold increase in intracellular metallothionein as compared to cells transfected with a plasmid containing an inverted gene (NIH3T3/TM). Newly expressed metallothionein appeared to be localized to the cytoplasm as determined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. NIH3T3/MT cells were 6 times more resistant than NIH3T3/TM cells to the cytotoxic effects of tBH. The antioxidant activity of NIH3T3/MT cells was greater than NIH3T3/TM cells, since exposure to tBH resulted in significantly less: (a) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and (b) fluorescence after loading cells with the oxidant-sensitive dye, 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Furthermore, homogenates of NIH3T3/MT cells were more capable of scavenging in vitro generated phenoxyl radicals as quantified by electron spin resonance detection. In contrast, overexpression of cytoplasmic MT did not protect against tBH-induced DNA damage, suggesting that subcellular location of MT is important for its function and that DNA damage is not a key determinant of cytotoxicity. These data provide direct support for an antioxidant role for MT, since physiologically relevant elevations in cytoplasmic MT interfere with tBH-induced cytotoxic peroxidation.
P068 Discovery of IBD3540: A Novel Gut-Restricted Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Inhibitor with Preclinical Anti-Colitis Activity (2022)

Abstract Background Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is robustly overexpressed in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and is a promising therapeutic target for IBD. We have previously published that systemically or enema administered small molecule GCPII inhibitors have efficacy in multiple mouse colitis models. While this is a highly encouraging activity profile for a candidate IBD drug, an oral dose route would be strongly preferred. Thus, here we develop and characterize a new class of GCPII inhibitors designed to be gut-restricted for oral administration, with the intention of selecting a lead inhibitor for further clinical development. Methods Anti-inflammatory secondary bile acids lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were conjugated to GCPII inhibitor, 2-PMPA, yielding three novel constructs. These conjugates were screened for oral activity in murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis, followed by detailed characterization of the most active inhibitor to: measure GCPII inhibition (IC50), confirm colon target engagement, evaluate plasma and colon pharmacokinetic profiles, compare efficacy versus standard-of-care agents, evaluate mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, confirm efficacy in a second colitis model (IL10-/-), and assess safety in standard preclinical assays. Results The deoxycholic acid 2-PMPA conjugate, IBD3540, was identified as the lead inhibitor (IC50 = 4nM). Oral IBD3540 was robustly efficacious in acute DSS colitis, where it dose-dependently inhibited colon GCPII, attenuated both gross disease activity index and blinded colon histopathology scores, and had improved efficacy relative to both sulfasalazine and tofacitinib when compared head-to-head. Mechanistically, we determined that IBD3540 attenuated pathogenic monocytic inflammation in the colon, as measured by flow cytometry, and also decreased colon pro-inflammatory cytokine content. We confirmed efficacy of IBD3540 in spontaneously occurring, chronic, IL10-/- colitis, where treatment initiated 4 weeks after the onset of colon inflammation improved multiple disease endpoints. Further, in preclinical safety screens, inclusive of CYP inhibition/induction assays, Eurofins SafetyScreen44TM, and AMES/hERG mutagenicity testing, no concerns were identified. Conclusion IBD3540 is a novel, gut-restricted, GCPII inhibitor with potent oral anti-colitis efficacy in both acute (DSS) and chronic (IL10-/-) mouse colitis models and a promising preclinical safety profile. Further development of this mechanistically unique candidate IBD drug is warranted.
Supplementary Methods and Materials from Genetic Variants of <i>VEGFA</i> and <i>FLT4</i> Are Determinants of Survival in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Sorafenib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SNP selection criteria, imputation and bioinformatic analyses&lt;/p&gt;
Resilient MPLS Rings using Segment Routing (2000)

This document describes the use of Segment Routing (SR) control plane
to setup LSP(s) for resilient MPLS ring networks. It specifies how
clockwise and anti-clockwise ring LSP(s) are signaled using SR IGP
protocol extensions, and how such ring LSP(s) are combined to achieve
ring protection.
Surface Chemistry and Interface Formation during the Atomic Layer Deposition of Alumina from Trimethylaluminum and Water on Indium Phosphide (2013)

The surface chemistry and the interface formation during the initial stages of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 from trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H2O on InP(100) were studied by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The effect of the ex situ surface cleaning by either H2SO4 or (NH4)2S was examined. It is shown that the native oxide on the InP surface consisted mainly of indium hydrogen phosphates with a P enrichment at the interface with InP. After a (NH4)2S treatment, S was present on the surface as a sulfide in both surface and subsurface sites. Exposure to TMA led to the formation of a thin AlPO4 layer, irrespective of the surface cleaning. The surface Fermi level of p-type InP was found to be pinned close to midgap after H2SO4 cleaning and moved only slightly further toward the conduction band edge upon TMA exposure, indicating that the AlPO4/InP interface was rather defective. (NH4)2S passivation led to a Fermi level position of p-type InP close to the conduction band edge. Hence, the InP surface was weakly inverted, which can be attributed to surface doping by S donors. TMA exposure was found to remove surface S, which was accompanied by a shift of the Fermi level to midgap, consistent with the removal of (part of) the S donors in combination with a defective AlPO4/InP interface. Further TMA/H2O ALD did not lead to any detectable changes of the AlPO4/InP interface and suggested simple overgrowth with Al2O3.
Lung Fibroblasts, Aging, and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2016)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aging-associated, progressive, and irreversible lung disease of unknown etiology, elusive pathogenesis, and very limited therapeutic options. The hallmarks of IPF are aberrant activation of alveolar epithelial cells and accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts along with excessive production of extracellular matrix. The linkage of aging with this disorder is uncertain, but a number of changes associated with aging, including telomere attrition, cell senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been revealed in IPF lungs. Also, aging seems to confer a profibrotic phenotype upon fibroblasts and to increase the severity of the fibrogenic response in non-IPF fibrotic lung disorders. Better knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking aging to IPF will advance understanding of its pathogenesis and may provide new therapeutic windows to treatment of this devastating disease.
Optic Disc Drusen in a Child (2013)

The complementary use of noninvasive imaging modalities such as fundus autofluorescence, red/green/blue separation, B-scan, and optical coherence tomography is important in confirming the diagnosis of ONHD in pediatric patients. They allow us to rule out more serious conditions and avoid unnecessary, costly, and invasive investigative procedures, relieving young patients and their families of potential financial and emotional burdens.
The effect of porphyrin ruffling on the intrinsic binding of carbon monoxide in iron(II) hybrid basket-handle porphyrins by multinuclear NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy (1992)

Carbonyl complexes of single-side hindered hemes, the ‘hybrid basket-handle’ porphyrins, have been investigated by 1H, 13C, 15N, 57Fe NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy in order to obtain information about the intrinsic properties of the Fe–C bond. The effect upon CO binding of severe distortion of the porphyrin skeleton that occurs in the more tightly packed structures, is discussed. Reduced ability of the iron atom to back-donate d-electrons to the π*-orbital of the CO ligand as a result of the distortion is suggested to be a mechanism for CO discrimination in these hemes. The 57Fe NMR resonance for the more encumbered structures is shifted by several hundred ppm to lower frequency while the 13C and 15N chemical shifts are very little affected. These data indicate that severe electronic changes occur at the ligand binding-site in the more encumbered structures but they are mainly located at the iron atom. Differences, between the looser and the tighter models, in binding of nitrogen ligands opposite to the carbonyl are reported and provide evidence that the CO affinity is reduced in the tighter complexes. This provides a novel way of probing CO binding and is based on the fact that formation of axial bonds in carbonyl iron(II) porphyrins is an allosteric process.
Engineering the Structure and Rheological Properties of P407 Hydrogels via Reverse Poloxamer Addition (2023)

Aqueous solutions of poloxamer 407 (P407), a commercially available and nontoxic ABA triblock polymer (PEO-PPO-PEO), undergo a solution-to-gel transition with increasing temperature and are promising candidates for injectable therapeutics. The gel transition temperature, modulus, and structure are all dictated by polymer concentration, preventing independent tuning of these properties. Here, we show that addition of BAB reverse poloxamers (RPs) to P407-based solutions dramatically alters the gelation temperature, modulus, and morphology. Gelation temperature and RP localization within the hydrogel are dictated by RP solubility. Highly soluble RPs increase gelation temperature and incorporate primarily into the micelle corona regions. Alternatively, RPs with low aqueous solubility decrease gelation temperature and associate within the micelle core and core-corona interface. These differences in RP localization have significant implications for the hydrogel modulus and microstructure. The ability to tune gelation temperature, modulus, and structure through RP addition allows for the design of thermoresponsive materials with specific properties that are unobtainable with neat P407-based hydrogels.
Demonstration of 1200V Scaled IGBTs Driven by 5V Gate Voltage with Superiorly Low Switching Loss (2018)

Functional trench-gated 1200V-10A class Si-IGBTs, designed based on a three dimensional (3D) scaling concept, were fabricated, and 5V gate voltage switching operation has been demonstrated for the first time. 33% reduction of turn-off loss and 100mV improvement of on-state voltage were achieved, while keeping 1.2kV forward blocking voltage.
3.3 kV 4H-SiC DMOSFET with Highly Reliable Gate Insulator and Body Diode (2017)

We investigated improvement ways of to overcome these reliability issues in a 3.3 kV 4H-SiC DMOSFET. JFET doping with (i) narrow width and (ii) deeper depth than that of the p-well region successfully reduced the electric field in the gate insulator and the on-voltage simultaneously. We achieved a low Ron of 26 mΩcm 2 at a Vg of +15 V and 150 °C. And highly reliable chips of 0.1 Fit were also achieved both at a positive and negative gate bias of +15 V/ -8 V with MTTF of intrinsic lifetime over 20 years at 3 MV/cm. BTI characterstics both in positive and negative biases also proved reliability over 20 years. The body diode showed stable behavior under forward current operation which is suitable for an external diode-less power module.
ArrayPipe: a flexible processing pipeline for microarray data (2004)

A number of microarray analysis software packages exist already; however, none combines the user-friendly features of a web-based interface with potential ability to analyse multiple arrays at once using flexible analysis steps. The ArrayPipe web server (freely available at www.pathogenomics.ca/arraypipe) allows the automated application of complex analyses to microarray data which can range from single slides to large data sets including replicates and dye-swaps. It handles output from most commonly used quantification software packages for dual-labelled arrays. Application features range from quality assessment of slides through various data visualizations to multi-step analyses including normalization, detection of differentially expressed genes, andcomparison and highlighting of gene lists. A highly customizable action set-up facilitates unrestricted arrangement of functions, which can be stored as action profiles. A unique combination of web-based and command-line functionality enables comfortable configuration of processes that can be repeatedly applied to large data sets in high throughput. The output consists of reports formatted as standard web pages and tab-delimited lists of calculated values that can be inserted into other analysis programs. Additional features, such as web-based spreadsheet functionality, auto-parallelization and password protection make this a powerful tool in microarray research for individuals and large groups alike.
Expression of viral and human dUTPase in Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated diseases (2002)

Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) catalyses the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate thus preventing the incorporation of uracil into replicating DNA. Previous studies of several virus models have suggested that viral dUTPases may be required for virus replication in resting cells whereas in proliferating cells cellular dUTPase may substitute for a mutant viral protein. Using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry, Epstein-Barr virus-associated non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases were studied for the expression of viral and human dUTPases. Oral hairy leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion of the tongue, is known to support EBV replication in the upper epithelial cell layers. In agreement with this, strong focal expression of EBV dUTPase was detected in the upper epithelial cell layers of oral hairy leukoplakia whereas expression of human dUTPase was confined to the basal proliferative cell compartment. Furthermore, in infectious mononucleosis tonsils, rare scattered small lymphoid cells expressed EBV dUTPase, consistent with the expression pattern of other EBV lytic cycle antigens. These findings are in agreement with the notion that EBV replicates in resting cells. Three EBV-associated tumours, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lacked detectable expression of EBV dUTPase, in agreement with the notion that EBV infection is largely latent in these tumours. By contrast, expression of human dUTPase was observed regularly in these tumours. These results suggest that EBV dUTPase may be a suitable target for anti-viral therapy and that inhibitors of human dUTPase should prove useful for the treatment of human tumours, including EBV-associated cancers.
SAGE Application in Hematological Research (2008)

Blood cells perform many important functions within the body, including homeostasis and host defense against various invading stimuli such as viral infection, cancer and autoimmune diseases. The subsets of leukocytes interact with each other through various surface molecules such as cytokine receptors, co-stimulation molecules and adhesion molecules. Over the last several years, accumulation of cDNA and genome databases has led to the accelerated identification of the molecules responsible for cell-cell interaction, cell activation and cell differentiation. In addition, technologies used in functional genomics, such as DNA microarray and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), have allowed us to analyze the expression of thousands of genes. The comprehensive analysis of gene expression is very useful to elucidate the function of cells, because characteristics of each cell type depend on the genes selectively expressed at various stages. The SAGE method, which is very quantitative, can cover the number of expressed genes that are unequaled by any other mammalian DNA microarray systems yet available. In order to molecularly define the subset and function of blood cells, we and other groups have performed SAGE in various types of hematipoietic cells. Here, we review the SAGE data obtained from the gene expression libraries made from various differentiation and activation stages of a broad range of blood cells, including phagocytes, T cells, B cells, platelets, reticulocytes and NK cells.
<title>Design in 3D geometry with the simultaneous multiple surface design method of nonimaging optics</title> (1999)

The Simultaneous Multiple Surfaces of Nonimaging Optics has been used successfully in the past for the synthesis of concentrators in two dimensions. In this paper we present a first approach to extend this design method to 3D geometry. As a first result, an aspheric lens without rotational symmetry that focus sharply two plane wavefronts at two points in 3D geometry is found, feature which cannot be obtained with an axisymmetric optical system with a finite number of optical surfaces.
Inhalation Therapy in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: An Update (2012)

Incremental gains in understanding the influence of various factors on aerosol delivery in concert with technological advancements over the past 2 decades have fueled an ever burgeoning literature on aerosol therapy during mechanical ventilation. In-line use of pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and nebulizers is influenced by a host of factors, some of which are unique to ventilator-supported patients. This article reviews the impact of various factors on aerosol delivery with pMDIs and nebulizers, and elucidates the correlation between in-vitro estimates and in-vivo measurement of aerosol deposition in the lung. Aerosolized bronchodilator therapy with pMDIs and nebulizers is commonly employed in intensive care units (ICUs), and bronchodilators are among the most frequently used therapies in mechanically ventilated patients. The use of inhaled bronchodilators is not restricted to mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, as they are routinely employed in other ventilator-dependent patients without confirmed airflow obstruction. The efficacy and safety of bronchodilator therapy has generated a great deal of interest in employing other inhaled therapies, such as surfactant, antibiotics, prostacyclins, diuretics, anticoagulants and mucoactive agents, among others, in attempts to improve outcomes in critically ill ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
The TetR‐type transcriptional regulator FasR of Corynebacterium glutamicum controls genes of lipid synthesis during growth on acetate (2010)

The addition of fatty acids to either Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis elicits an elaborate cellular response of the lipid metabolism. We found that in Corynebacterium glutamicum the expression of accD1 encoding the β-subunit of the essential acetyl-CoA carboxylase is repressed in acetate-grown cells without the addition of fatty acids. The TetR-type transcriptional regulator NCgl2404, termed FasR, was identified and deleted. During growth on acetate, but not on glucose, 17 genes are differentially expressed in the deletion mutant, among them accD1, and fasA and fasB both encoding fatty acid synthases, which were upregulated. Determination of the 5' ends of accD1, fasA, fasB and accBC together with the use of isolated FasR protein identified the FasR binding site, fasO, which is located within the accD1 and fasA transcript initiation site thus blocking transcription by RNA polymerase binding directly. The identified fasO motif is present in C. efficiens or C. diphtheriae, too, and it is actually similarly positioned in these bacteria within the 5' ends of the accD1 and fasA transcripts, and a fasR orthologue is also present. The identification of the FasR-fasO system in Corynebacteriaceae might indicate a conserved transcriptional control of the unique lipid synthesis in these mycolic acid-containing bacteria.
An ultrahigh-impedance superconducting thermal switch for interfacing superconductors to semiconductors and optoelectronics (2019)

A number of current approaches to quantum and neuromorphic computing use superconductors as the basis of their platform or as a measurement component, and will need to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Semiconductor systems are typically proposed as a top-level control in these architectures, with low-temperature passive components and intermediary superconducting electronics acting as the direct interface to the lowest-temperature stages. The architectures, therefore, require a low-power superconductor-semiconductor interface, which is not currently available. Here we report a superconducting switch that is capable of translating low-voltage superconducting inputs directly into semiconductor-compatible (above 1,000 mV) outputs at kelvin-scale temperatures (1 K or 4 K). To illustrate the capabilities in interfacing superconductors and semiconductors, we use it to drive a light-emitting diode (LED) in a photonic integrated circuit, generating photons at 1 K from a low-voltage input and detecting them with an on-chip superconducting single-photon detector. We also characterize our device's timing response (less than 300 ps turn-on, 15 ns turn-off), output impedance (greater than 1 MΩ), and energy requirements (0.18 fJ/um^2, 3.24 mV/nW).