gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential role of nuclear PD-L1 expression in cell-surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells as a prognostic marker in cancer patients (2016)

Although circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for cancer, determining their prognostic role in cancer patients undergoing treatment is a challenge. We evaluated the prognostic value of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in CTCs in colorectal and prostate cancer patients undergoing treatment. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 62 metastatic colorectal cancer patients and 30 metastatic prostate cancer patients. CTCs were isolated from the samples using magnetic separation with the cell-surface vimentin(CSV)-specific 84-1 monoclonal antibody that detects epithelial-mesenchymal transitioned (EMT) CTCs. CTCs were enumerated and analyzed for PD-L1 expression using confocal microscopy. PD-L1 expression was detectable in CTCs and was localized in the membrane and/or cytoplasm and nucleus. CTC detection alone was not associated with poor progression-free or overall survival in colorectal cancer or prostate cancer patients, but nuclear PD-L1 (nPD-L1) expression in these patients was significantly associated with short survival durations. These results demonstrated that nPD-L1 has potential as a clinically relevant prognostic biomarker for colorectal and prostate cancer. Our data thus suggested that use of CTC-based models of cancer for risk assessment can improve the standard cancer staging criteria and supported the incorporation of nPD-L1 expression detection in CTCs detection in such models.
Magnetic Anisotropy and Stress-Dependent Epoxy Wetting in FeNi-Based Metal Amorphous Nanocomposites (2023)

Recently developed FeNi-based metal amorphous nanocomposites (MANCs) used in high-speed motors (HSMs) exhibit reduced eddy current losses while maintaining good mechanical properties and glass-forming abilities. Magnetic anisotropy in (Fe70Ni30)80Nb4B14Si2 amorphous magnetic ribbon (AMR) in the as-cast state and upon conventional (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {CA}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and strain (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {SA}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) annealing heat treatment is investigated. From ribbon samples in as-cast condition, quenched in stress from planar flow casting (PFC) induced as-cast curvature derived uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Stress relief by conventional furnace annealing at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {CA}} &gt;$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 350 °C achieved isotropic properties in the bulk. Annealing about the primary crystallization temperature, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {CA}} \sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 450 °C, resulted in the formation of both face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) nanocrystallites and evolution to isotropic bulk magnetic properties confirming the random anisotropy model. In samples strain annealed at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {SA}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 440 °C at various tensions, relatively large controlled induced uniaxial anisotropy is achieved. The largest magnetic anisotropy occurs in annealing under the stress of 250 MPa yielding an anisotropy field of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.1\times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/m. Surface anisotropy observed by the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) differs from bulk anisotropy due to image contrast from closure domains. Epoxy coatings are important for improved bonding, mechanical properties, and resistivity in tape-wound MANC cores for HSMs. Using a sessile droplet method, the equilibrium contact angle of an epoxy droplet on a tensile stress-annealed MANC exhibits stress-dependent surface energies. Anisotropic wetting in FeNi-based MANC heat treated at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {CA}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 440 °C mimics surface magnetic anisotropy observed by MOKE.
Formation of Metal Oxide Particles in Atomic Layer Deposition During the Chemisorption of Metal Chlorides: A Review (2005)

Abstract As has been known for a decade, metal oxide particles can form in a single reaction of gaseous metal chlorides with solid oxides. This is an undesirable effect in the fabrication of thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD). This work reviews the experimental results related to the metal oxide particle formation and the mechanisms suggested to account for it. The suggested mechanisms cannot explain the observations, but systematic analysis of the possible reaction paths delivers one reaction mechanism candidate, based on a reaction between surface chlorine groups and the hydroxyl groups of gaseous metal hydroxychloride intermediates. The consequences of the proposed mechanism are discussed.
A Complexity Scalable H.264/Avc Encoder For Mobile Terminals (2008)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008
Ab initioinvestigation of carbon-related defects in silicon (1993)

Ab initio total-energy calculations based on the local-density-functional, pseudopotential, and supercell approximations are performed to investigate carbon defects in silicon. The geometry and the formation energy of substitutional and impurity-vacancy defects are studied including the relaxation of nearest and next-nearest neighbors. Results for substitutional carbon appear to be consistent with a recently suggested reinterpretation of the available experimental formation energy data. Results for the interaction energy between a carbon atom and a silicon vacancy predict a small binding energy of 0.19 eV.
QUANTUM YIELDS OF TRIPLET AND O2(1∆g) FORMATION OF 4‐THIOURIDINE IN WATER AND ACETONITRILE (1990)

The quantum yield of triplet formation, Φ T , and that of the photosensitized formation of singlet molecular oxygen, Φ ∆ , were determined for a rare nucleoside, 4‐thiouridine (4t‐Urd), in water and in acetonitrile, using singlet molecular oxygen phosphorescence, laser‐induced optoacoustics and time‐resolved thermal lensing. These yields, Φ T and Φ ∆ , the latter in aerated solutions, were found to be, respectively, in water: 0.67 ± 0.17 and 0.18 ± 0.04 and in acetonitrile: 0.61 ± 0.15 and 0.50 ± 0.20. The fraction of the 4t‐Urd triplet molecules quenched by oxygen leading to singlet molecular oxygen, S ∆ , was calculated to be between 0.7 and unity in both solvents, this value being indicative of a ππ* character for the lowest triplet state of 4t‐Urd.
Contructing Ensembles of ASR Systems Using Randomized Decision Trees (2006)

Building multiple automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems and combining their outputs using voting techniques such as ROVER is an effective technique for lowering the overall word error rate. A successful system combination approach requires the construction of multiple systems with complementary errors, or the combination will not outperform any of the individual systems. In general, this is achieved empirically, for example by building systems on different input features. In this paper, we present a systematic approach for building multiple ASR systems in which the decision tree state-tying procedure that is used to specify context-dependent acoustic models is randomized. Experiments carried out on two large vocabulary recognition tasks, MALACH and DARPA EARS, illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Schottky Barrier Diodes for Millimeter Wave SiGe BiCMOS Applications (2006)

For the first time, a high performance, low leakage Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with cutoff frequency above 1.0 THz in a 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for millimeter-wave application is described. Device optimization has been evaluated by varying critical process and layout parameters such as, anode size, cathode depth, cathode resistivity, junction tailoring, and guardring optimization is investigated
Phase-locking in quantum cascade laser arrays (2009)

A monolithic coupling scheme for mid-infrared InP-based quantum cascade laser arrays is presented. The tree-shaped resonator exhibits phase-locking, which leads to in-phase emission from the coupled branches and a high level of modal control
A Study of a Modern Transonic Fan Rotor in a Low Reynolds Number Regime for a Small Turbofan Engine (2013)

In this paper, Reynolds effects on a modern transonic low-aspect-ratio fan rotor (Baseline) and the re-designed (optimized) rotor performance are presented with application to a small turbofan engine. The re-design has been done using an in-house numerical optimization system in Honda and the confirmation of the performance was carried out using DLR’s TRACE RANS stage code, assessed with respect to experimental data obtained from a small scale compressor rig in Honda. The baseline rotor performance is evaluated at two Reynolds number conditions, a high Reynolds condition (corresponding to a full engine scale size) and a low Reynolds number condition (corresponding to the small scale compressor rig size), using standard ISA conditions. The performance of the optimized rotor was evaluated at the low Reynolds number condition. The CFD results show significant discrepancies in the rotor efficiency (about 1% at cruise) between these two points due to the different Reynolds numbers. The optimized rotor’s efficiency is increased compared to the baseline. A unique negative curvature region close to the leading edge on the pressure surface of the optimized rotor is one of the reasons why the optimized rotor is superior to the baseline.
CTH17-5: Multiple Relay Channels with Asymmetric Transmit Side Information (2006)

In this paper we investigate the effect of asymmetric side information in discrete memoryless relay channels. The capacity of the degraded relay channel is known when side information at both the source and relay is identical. However, in many naturally interesting cases the source and relay may not have, or may not be able to exploit, exactly the same side information. This may occur either when side information is privileged information that is available only at one of the nodes (e.g. watermarking problems) or when the relay does not have the ability to collect or utilize full information about channel state and/or interference. In this paper we calculate capacity expressions for degraded discrete memoryless relay channels where the source and relay do not have identical side information. As a special case we consider the case where the relay has no side information. We consider causal as well as non-causal side information, and show an upper bound for the difference between capacities for various cases.
Clinical Trial of Therapeutic Blockade of CTLA4 with Ipilimumab in Patients with Relapse of Malignancy Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation. (2007)

Abstract Relapse/progression of malignancy (RM) is an important cause of treatment failure and death following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). CTLA-4 is an important negative regulator of effector T-cell activation. CTLA-4 inhibition has demonstrated potent anti-cancer effects in animal models, and in patients with some solid tumors. CTLA-4 blockade following allo-HCT may potentially augment graft-versus-malignancy but GVHD may also possibly be increased. We report the safety and preliminary efficacy of a dose-escalation study of a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody targeting CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) in patients with RM following allo-HCT. Eligibility criteria included allo-HCT ≥90 days previously, &amp;gt; 50% donor T-cell chimerism, no prior grade 3/4 GVHD, no prophylaxis/therapy for GVHD for ≥ 6 weeks. Patients received a single dose of ipilimumab over 90 min. DLI at a dose of 5 × 10e6 CD3 cells/kg was allowed 8 weeks following ipilimumab if no GVHD occurred and RM was present. A total of 29 patients were treated at four centers (23M, 6F; median age 43 (21–65); Hodgkins disease [HD] =14 Myeloma [MM]=6, CML=2, CLL=2, AML=2, NHL=1, Renal Ca =1, Breast Ca=1; 19 related donors, 10 unrelated; 6 myeloablative, 23 RICT).(4 at dose-level 1 [DL1] 0.1 mg/kg, 3 at 0.33 mg/kg [DL2], 4 at 0.66 mg/kg [DL3], 3 at 1.0 mg/kg [DL4] and 15 at 3.0 mg/kg [DL5]). Eight patients had failed prior DLI. Median time between BMT and ipilimumab was 366 d (125–2368). Dose-limiting toxicity was not encountered. No patient developed clinically significant GVHD within 90 days following ipilimumab alone. Three possible immune adverse events were documented: grade 3 polyarthropathy 14 weeks following ipilimumab, and 6 weeks post DLI, which resolved with corticosteroid therapy, (AML, DL1); grade 1 hyperthyroidism with thyroid-stimulating antibody 6 weeks post ipilimumab (CLL, DL3). Grade 2 pneumonitis responsive to corticosteroids (HD, DL5). Ten patients received DLI after ipilimumab. Three patients developed objective evidence of disease response after ipilimumab alone: PR in a patient with mantle cell NHL lasting 3m [DL4]; ongoing CR in a two patients with HD [DL5]. Two of these patients had failed prior DLI. Three additional patients demonstrated possible anti-cancer effects (MR in a HD patient, reduction of PB and BM blasts in AML, DL1; maintenance of molecular remission in a CML patient given ipilimumab alone for 3.5 yrs despite stopping imatinib, DL1). This study shows that doses of ipilimumab (up to 3.0 mg/kg) can safely be administered to patients with RM following allo-HCT without inducing/exacerbating GVHD while inducing regressions of malignancy including durable CR in some patients.
Asymmetric Organic Synthesis. Radical Cyclizations of Chiral Enamides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Organic Synthesis. Radical Cyclizations of Chiral EnamidesArthur G. Schultz, Peter R. Guzzo, and Deanne M. NowakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 24, 8044–8050Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00129a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00129a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Molecular Imaging of Living Subjects (2010)

Molecular imaging (MI) of living subjects is an emerging field that aims to study molecular and cellular events in the intact living animal and human. These events can be as simple as location(s) of a specific population of cells, or levels of a given protein receptor on the surface of cells. In addition, it is possible to study more complex events such as the interaction of two intracellular proteins, cellular metabolic flux, or transcription of a set of genes when one cell type comes into contact with another cell type. In contrast to molecular processes studied in intact cells outside the living subject (e.g., with light microscopy techniques), it is much more difficult to longitudinally study the same processes in intact living subjects where most cells are located within deep tissues. It is the hope of many MI researchers that most of biology will eventually be able to be studied in the intact living subject instead of having to remove tissues/cells for further analysis, as is now commonly done. This will allow the study of simple and complex processes whilst cells reside in their native environment with all molecular feedback loops fully intact.
Face Recognition Using SVM Fed with Intermediate Output of CNN for Face Detection (2005)

We present a face recognition method using support vector machines which utilize intermediate output of convolutional neural networks for face detection.Face detection process carry out the functions both of detecting faces in input image with complexbackground and of generating the feature vector implicitly representing shape information and spatial arrangement of facial components to supply to support vector machines. Our experiments show that robustness to size variability from 0.8 to 1.2 (relative size in units of area for reference face),demonstrating 100 % recognition with 0 % false acceptance rate for 600images of 20people. 1
The effect of animation, dual view, difference layers, and relative re-layout in hierarchical diagram differencing (2011)

We present a new system for visualizing and merging differences in diagrams that uses animation, dual views, a storyboard, relative re-layout, and layering. We ran two user studies investigating the benefits of the system. The first user study compared pairs of hierarchical diagrams with matching node positions. The results underscore that naïve dual-view visualization is undesirable. On the positive side, participants particularly liked the dual-view with difference layer technique. The second user study focused on diagrams with partially varying node positions and difference visualization and animation. We found evidence that both techniques are beneficial, and that the combination was preferred.
Picosecond optical breakdown accompanied by supercontinuum generation in CO2 gas (1993)

We report optical breakdown (OB) threshold power (P OB ) under different focusing conditions of 1 ps, 593nm laser pulses in various pressures of CO 2 gas.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Nakijiquinones (2001)

The Her-2/Neu receptor tyrosine kinase is vastly overexpressed in about 30% of primary breast, ovary, and gastric carcinomas. The nakijiquinones are the only naturally occurring inhibitors of this important oncogene, and structural analogues of the nakijiquinones may display inhibitory properties toward other receptor tyrosine kinases involved in cell signaling and proliferation. Here, we describe the first enantioselective synthesis of the nakijiquinones. Key elements of the synthesis are (i) the reductive alkylation of a Wieland-Miescher-type enone with a tetramethoxyaryl bromide, (ii) the oxidative conversion of the aryl ring into a p-quinoid system, (iii) the regioselective saponification of one of the two vinylogous esters incorporated therein, and (iv) the selective introduction of different amino acids via nucleophilic conversion of the remaining vinylogous ester into the corresponding vinylogous amide. The correct stereochemistry and substitution patterns are completed by conversion of two keto groups into a methyl group and an endocyclic olefin via olefination/reduction and olefination/isomerization sequences, respectively. This synthesis route also gave access to analogues of nakijiquinone C with inverted configuration at C-2 or with an exocyclic instead of an endocyclic double bond. Investigation of the kinase-inhibiting properties of the synthesized derivatives revealed that the C-2 epimer 30 of nakijiquinone C is a potent and selective inhibitor of the KDR receptor, a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in tumor angiogenesis. Molecular modeling studies based on the crystal structure of KDR and a model of the ATP binding site built from a crystal structure of FGF-R revealed an insight into the structural basis for the difference in activity between the natural product nakijiquinone C and the C-2 epimer 30.
CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM:Molecular Genetics (1999)

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is an adaptation of photosynthesis to limited availability of water or CO2. CAM is characterized by nocturnal CO2 fixation via the cytosolic enzyme PEP carboxylase (PEPC), formation of PEP by glycolysis, malic acid accumulation in the vacuole, daytime decarboxylation of malate and CO2 re-assimilation via ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO), and regeneration of storage carbohydrates from pyruvate and/or PEP by gluconeogenesis. Within this basic framework, the pathway exhibits an extraordinary range of metabolic plasticity governed by environmental, developmental, tissue-specific, hormonal, and circadian cues. Characterization of genes encoding key CAM enzymes has shown that a combination of transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational regulatory events govern the expression of the pathway. Recently, this information has improved our ability to dissect the regulatory and signaling events that mediate the expression and operation of the pathway. Molecular analysis and sequence information have also provided new ways of assessing the evolutionary origins of CAM. Genetic and physiological analysis of transgenic plants currently under development will improve our further understanding of the molecular genetics of CAM.
The role of the electrostatic potential, electric field and electric field gradient on the acidity of AFI and CHA zeotypes (2000)

We consider the role of short- and long-range interactions in determining the acidity of microporous solids. Within the context of an interatomic forcefield approach and a correct treatment of long-range electrostatics we demonstrate the role of the electrostatic potential, electric field and electric field gradient in determining the vibrational frequency of a Brønsted acid centre. We demonstrate the applicability of these concepts for AlPO4-5, AlPO4-34, SSZ-24 and SSZ-13, in whose unit cells a single Brønsted acid site was introduced in the four different oxygens. Furthermore, we show, by using the energy required to elongate the OH bond—essentially the first stage of proton transfer—as a measure of acidity, how the vibrational frequency is related to the acid strength.