gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Main chain acid-degradable polymers for the delivery of bioactive materials (2023)

Novel main chain acid degradable polymer backbones and drug delivery systems comprised of materials capable of delivering bioactive materials to cells for use as vaccines or other therapeutic agents are described. The polymers are synthesized using monomers that contain acid-degradable linkages cleavable under mild acidic conditions. The main chain of the resulting polymers readily degrade into many small molecules at low pH, but remain relatively stable and intact at physiological pH. The new materials have the common characteristic of being able to degrade by acid hydrolysis under conditions commonly found within the endosomal or lysosomal compartments of cells thereby releasing their payload within the cell. The materials can also be used for the delivery of therapeutics to the acidic regions of tumors and other sites of inflammation.
Analysis of Tapered Roller Bearing Stiffness (1997)

Abstract This paper presents a computational model and analysis of tapered roller bearing stiffness. A five degree of freedom model is coupled with a spindle model and implemented in a computer code. The predicted results are verified by other published data. The importance of proper modeling of the spindle and bearing interaction is identified. A sensitivity analysis of the bearing stiffness in terms of geometric and operational parameters is presented.
Response to Comment on “Extended-resolution structured illumination imaging of endocytic and cytoskeletal dynamics” (2016)

Sahl et al in their Comment raise criticisms of our work that fall into three classes: image artifacts, resolution criteria, and comparative performance on live cells. We explore each of these in turn.
19.3% Efficiency on P-Type Silicon Solar Cells by Pulsion® Plasma-Immersion Implantation (2013)

IBS and INES have recently demonstrated the strong relevance of the plasma-immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique to realise high efficiency silicon solar cells. The fabrication process, developed on 239 cm2 p-type Cz-Si wafers, gives performances similar to those of classical ion beam implantation, with an efficiency improvement of 0.7% absolute with respect to classical POCl3-based emitters. Repeatability and robustness of the developed process have been validated. We give some information describing the different steps to achieve the homogeneous n-emitters by pulsed-PIII and present characterisation results showing which cell parameters are better than that of standard cells. Both high throughput and low cost of the immersion-plasma equipment would seriously challenge technologies developed by other companies in the ion-implantation field devoted to the PV market. Investigations to realise BSF, advanced emitters or IBC cells by this technique are now included in the roadmap.
Premortem autophagy determines the immunogenicity of chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death (2012)

One particular strategy to render anticancer therapies efficient consists of converting the patient's own tumor cells into therapeutic vaccines, via the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). One of the hallmarks of ICD dwells in the active release of ATP by cells committed to undergo, but not yet having succumbed to, apoptosis. We observed that the knockdown of essential autophagy-related genes (ATG3, ATG5, ATG7 and BECN1) abolishes the pre-apoptotic secretion of ATP by several human and murine cancer cell lines undergoing ICD. Accordingly, autophagy-competent, but not autophagy-deficient, tumor cells treated with ICD inducers in vitro could induce a tumor-specific immune response in vivo. Cancer cell lines stably depleted of ATG5 or ATG7 normally generate tumors in vivo, and such autophagy-deficient neoplasms, upon systemic treatment with ICD inducers, exhibit the same levels of apoptosis (as monitored by nuclear shrinkage and caspase-3 activation) and necrosis (as determined by following the kinetics of HMGB1 release) as their autophagy-proficient counterparts. However, autophagy-incompetent cancers fail to release ATP, to recruit immune effectors into the tumor bed and to respond to chemotherapy in conditions in which autophagy-competent tumors do so. The intratumoral administration of ecto-ATPase inhibitors increases extracellular ATP concentrations, re-establishes the therapy-induced recruitment of dendritic cells and T cells into the tumor bed, and restores the chemotherapeutic response of autophagy-deficient cancers. Altogether, these results suggest that autophagy-incompetent tumor cells escape from chemotherapy-induced (and perhaps natural?) immunosurveillance because they are unable to release ATP.
ExPLoit: Extracting Private Labels in Split Learning (2023)

Split learning is a popular technique used to perform vertical federated learning, where the goal is to jointly train a model on the private input and label data held by two parties. To preserve privacy of the input and label data, this technique uses a split model trained end-to-end, by exchanging the intermediate representations (IR) of the inputs and gradients of the IR between the two parties. We propose ExPLoit - a label-leakage attack that allows an adversarial input-owner to extract the private labels of the label-owner during split-learning. ExPLoit frames the attack as a supervised learning problem by using a novel loss function that combines gradient-matching and several regularization terms developed using key properties of the dataset and models. Our evaluations on a binary conversion prediction task and several multi-class image classification tasks show that ExPLoit can uncover the private labels with near-perfect accuracy of up to 99.53%, demonstrating that split learning provides negligible privacy benefits to the label owner. Furthermore, we evaluate the use of gradient noise as a defense and show that the protection against our attack comes at the cost of a significant loss in model utility. Our findings underscore the need for better privacy-preserving training techniques for vertically split data.
Modeling and synthesis of the interdigital/stub composite right/left-handed artificial transmission line (2009)

10833264 composite right/left handed structures interdigital/stub structures artificial transmission line interdigital capacitor shorted stub inductor CAD GUI design procedure
Facile Electrodeposition and Aging to Generate 3-Dimensional α -MnO 2 Battery Cathodes (2022)

Conventional tape casting forms 2-dimensional (2D) electrodes containing active material, conductive additive, and binder with restricted ion access as electrodes increase in thickness. To improve the transport properties, 3D architectures were developed using electrodeposition to ensure contact between the active material with the substrate, and provide enhanced electrolyte access. This paper investigates electrodeposition of cryptomelane ( α -MnO 2 ) as a model cathode material to efficiently accommodate (de)lithation and increase areal capacity vs conventional 2D coatings. Electodeposited samples on titantium (Ti) foil substrates were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and show a linear increase of the average oxidation of Mn (3.5–3.8) and active mass loading (1.27–9.9 mg) with deposition and aging times (0–120 min). The initial deposition is amorphous and forms the crystalline material during the elevated temperature aging step. The active material, α -MnO 2 , was also deposited on C-cloth and these cathodes at deposition times of 3, 6, and 9 min deliver 9, 36, and 69% higher areal capacities, respectively, at 0.2 mA cm −2 compared to conventional 2D electrodes with a mass loading equal to the 3 min sample. These results demonstrate the benefit of α -MnO 2 within a porous architecture providing enhanced transport properties.
Narrow band imaging evaluation of duodenal villi in patients with and without celiac disease: A prospective study (2019)

NBI facilitates accurate, non-invasive evaluation of duodenal villi. Its high NPV renders it especially useful for foregoing biopsies of histopathologically normal duodenal mucosa.
Britain Since 1945 (2005)

This is the fifth edition of what has become the standard textbook on contemporary British political history since the end of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Second World War. The new and improved edition of this important book brings the picture to the present by including the following additions: * a new chapter on Tony Blair's administration including analysis of the London Mayoral elections* new material on john Major in the light of the memoirs of Major, Norman Lamont and new work on the Labour party at this time* updated statistical data and tables* in-depth coverage of the 1990s and the start of the twenty-first century. This authoritative chronological survey discusses domestic policy and politics in particular, but also covers external and international relations and will doubtless be a major part of the course reading of any student of British history since 1945.
First Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of the Important Biogenetic Intermediates, (+)-Polyneuridine and (+)-Polyneuridine Aldehyde, as Well as 16-Epi-vellosimine and Macusine A (2006)

The first enantiospecific total synthesis of the alkaloids 16-epi-vellosimine (1), (+)-polyneuridine (2), (+)-polyneuridine aldehyde (3), and macusine A (4) is reported. The key oxidation was accomplished with the Corey-Kim reagent to provide the important biogenetic intermediates, 16-epi-vellosimine (1) and polyneuridine aldehyde (3), the latter of which is required for the conversion of the sarpagan skeleton into the ajmalan system in the biosynthesis of quebrachidine. [reaction: see text].
Interleukin-10 Overexpression Promotes Fas-Ligand-Dependent Chronic Macrophage-Mediated Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (2009)

These findings mimic the human disease chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and may also promote further understanding of the pathobiology of related conditions such as acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
A Flexible Role -based Secure Messaging Service: Exploiting IBE Technology in a Health Care Trial (2003)

IBE, secure messaging, RBAC, access control, health care, security, privacy The management of confidential and sensitive information is a major problem for people and organisations. Dynamic organisations require secure solutions to protect confidential documents against unauthorised access and to cope with changes to people's roles and permissions. Solutions based on traditional cryptographic systems and PKI show their limitations, in terms of flexibility and manageability. This paper describes an innovative technical solution in the area of role-based secure messaging that exploits Identifier-based Encryption (IBE) technology. It illustrates the advantages over a similar approach based on traditional cryptography and PKI. It discusses a few open issues. A secure messaging system based on our technology has been fully implemented and it is currently used in a trial with a major European health service organization.
Real-Time Prediction of Neurally Mediated Syncope (2015)

Neurally mediated syncope (NMS) patients suffer from sudden loss of consciousness, which is associated with a high rate of falls and hospitalization. NMS negatively impacts a subject's quality of life and is a growing cost issue in our aging society, as its incidence increases with age. In this paper, we present a solution for prediction of NMS, which is based on the analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) alone. Several parameters extracted from ECG and PPG, associated with reflectory mechanisms underlying NMS in previous publications, were combined in a single algorithm to detect impending syncope. The proposed algorithm was evaluated in a population of 43 subjects. The feature selection, distance metric selection, and optimal threshold were performed in a subset of 30 patients, while the remaining data from 13 patients were used to test the final solution. Additionally, a leave-one-out cross-validation scheme was also used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm yielding the following results: sensitivity (SE)--95.2%; specificity (SP)--95.4%; positive predictive value (PPV)--90.9%; false-positive rate per hour (FPRh)-0.14 h(-1), and prediction time (aPTime)--116.4 s.
Single sensor boost converter-based maximum power point tracking algorithms (2011)

Two new maximum power point tracking algorithms are presented: the input voltage sensor, and duty ratio maximum power point tracking algorithm (ViSD algorithm); and the output voltage sensor, and duty ratio maximum power point tracking algorithm (VoSD algorithm). The ViSD and VoSD algorithms have the features, characteristics and advantages of the incremental conductance algorithm (INC); but, unlike the incremental conductance algorithm which requires two sensors (the voltage sensor and current sensor), the two algorithms are more desirable because they require only one sensor: the voltage sensor. Moreover, the VoSD technique is less complex; hence, it requires less computational processing. Both the ViSD and the VoSD techniques operate by maximising power at the converter output, instead of the input. The ViSD algorithm uses a voltage sensor placed at the input of a boost converter, while the VoSD algorithm uses a voltage sensor placed at the output of a boost converter.
The HIV-2 genotype and the HIV-1 syncytium-inducing phenotype are associated with a lower virus replication in dendritic cells (2000)

During sexual transmission, HIV infects the mucosal dendritic cells and is transferred to CD4 T cells. Whether HIV variants of a particular genetic (sub)type or phenotype selectively infect dendritic cells (DC) or are preferentially transferred to T cells remains highly controversial. To avoid the cumbersome use of primary dendritic cells, in vitro dendritic cell models were generated from precursors, either hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) or monocytes (MO). Productive infection in the dendritic cells and transfer of the virus to T cells was assessed for a range of HIV variants. HPC-derived dendritic cells (HPC-DC) were more susceptible to HIV-1 than to HIV-2 isolates. The HIV-1 group O strains were more productive in HPC-DC than group M, but amongst the latter, no subtype-related difference was observed. Both non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) and SI HIV isolates and lab strains could productively infect HPC-DC, albeit with a different efficiency. Adding blocking antibodies confirmed that both CCR-5 and CXCR-4 co-receptors were functional. Biological HIV-1 clones of the NSI/R5 phenotype infected more readily HPC-DC than SI/X4 clones. MO-derived dendritic cells were, however, more exclusive in their preference for NSI/R5 clones. Some HIV variants, that did not grow readily in HPC-DC alone, could be rescued by adding resting or pre-activated T cells. The present data show that HIV-2 isolates and SI clones replicate less in model-DC, but no preference for a particular HIV-1 subtype was evident. Co-culture with T cells could “correct” a limited growth in dendritic cells. Clearly, both intrinsic dendritic cell susceptibility and enhancement by T cells are explained only partly by HIV genotype and phenotype. The in vitro dendritic cell models seem useful tools to further unravel interactions between HIV, DC, and T cells. J. Med. Virol. 60:300–312, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Lyapunov Theory for Finite-Sample Guarantees of Asynchronous Q-Learning and TD-Learning Variants (2021)

This paper develops an unified framework to study finite-sample convergence guarantees of a large class of value-based asynchronous reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. We do this by first reformulating the RL algorithms as \textit{Markovian Stochastic Approximation} (SA) algorithms to solve fixed-point equations. We then develop a Lyapunov analysis and derive mean-square error bounds on the convergence of the Markovian SA. Based on this result, we establish finite-sample mean-square convergence bounds for asynchronous RL algorithms such as $Q$-learning, $n$-step TD, TD$(λ)$, and off-policy TD algorithms including V-trace. As a by-product, by analyzing the convergence bounds of $n$-step TD and TD$(λ)$, we provide theoretical insights into the bias-variance trade-off, i.e., efficiency of bootstrapping in RL. This was first posed as an open problem in (Sutton, 1999).
Local Structure and Relaxation in Solid-State NMR:  Accurate Measurement of Amide N−H Bond Lengths and H−N−H Bond Angles (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLocal Structure and Relaxation in Solid-State NMR: Accurate Measurement of Amide N−H Bond Lengths and H−N−H Bond AnglesM. Hohwy, C. P. Jaroniec, B. Reif, C. M. Rienstra, and R. G. GriffinView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Magnetic Resonance Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 13, 3218–3219Publication Date (Web):March 21, 2000Publication History Received27 April 1999Revised18 October 1999Published online21 March 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9913737https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9913737rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1043Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Elements,Hamiltonians,Mathematical methods,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Imaging of Human Lens Capsules with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome by Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) (2015)

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is an age-related condition characterized by the production and accumulation of extracellular fibrillary material in the anterior segment of the eye. PEX predisposes for several pathological conditions, such as glaucoma and complications during and after cataract surgery. The pathogenesis of PEX is not yet fully understood. It is multifactorial with genetics and ageing as contributing factors. We aimed to study the proteome in aqueous humor (AH) in PEX in order to increase the knowledge about its pathophysiology. Therefore, we developed sampling techniques and evaluated separation methods necessary for analyzing small sample volumes. Other objectives were to study the lens capsule in eyes with PEX regarding small molecules, and to investigate the association between PEX and cataract surgery in a population-based 30-year follow-up study.Samples of AH from eyes with PEX and control eyes were collected during cataract surgery. In pooled, and individual samples, various liquid based separation techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry were utilized. For quantitation, various methods for labeling, and label free techniques were applied. Lens capsules were collected from some of the patients, and analysed by imaging mass spectrometry. A cohort of 1,471 elderly individuals underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at baseline. Medical information was obtained by questionnaires, and from medical records. Incident cases of cataract surgery were identified by review of medical records. In the initial study, several techniques were explored for protein detection, and a number of proteins were identified as differentially expressed. In the individually labelled samples, changes in the proteome were observed. Eyes with PEX contained higher levels of proteins involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and coagulation, suggesting that these mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis in PEX. The levels of β/γ-crystallins were significantly increased in PEX, which is a novel finding. In the lens capsules from individuals with PEX, changes in the lipid composition was observed with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. These changes remain to be elucidated. By multivariate analysis, lens opacities were the first, and PEX the second most important predictor for cataract surgery, the later accounting for a 2.38-fold increased risk for cataract surgery.
Inducing electron spin coherence in GaAs quantum well waveguides: spin coherence without spin precession (2005)

Electron spin coherence is induced via light-hole transitions in a quantum well waveguide without a DC magnetic field. The spin coherence is detected through effects of quantum interference in spectral domain nonlinear optical response.
Implementing a scalable XML publish/subscribe system using relational database systems (2004)

An XML publish/subscribe system needs to match many XPath queries (subscriptions) over published XML documents. The performance and scalability of the matching algorithm is essential for the system when the number of XPath subscriptions is large. Earlier solutions to this problem usually built large finite state automata for all the XPath subscriptions in memory. The scalability of this approach is limited by the amount of available physical memory. In this paper, we propose an implementation that uses a relational database as the matching engine. The heavy lifting part of evaluating a large number of subscriptions is done inside a relational database using indices and joins. We described several different implementation strategies and presented a performance evaluation. The system shows very good performance and scalability in our experiments, handling millions of subscriptions with moderate amount of physical memory.
MP62-09 CAN MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI IMPROVE OUR ABILITY TO PREDICT EARLY BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY IN CONTEMPORARY PATIENTS? RESULTS FROM A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS (2020)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy (RP) is usually recommended in patients with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) who have an expected survival of !15 years. However, salvage therapy can be considered for some patients because of the heterogeneity of the very high-risk group.
SIG « Paysages bocagers ». Un outil pour l'étude des paysages bocagers et l'aide à la décision (2005)

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