gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF BOUNDARY INTEGRAL TECHNIQUES TO FLUID TRACKING AND MIXING (1996)

The application of boundary integral techniques to the study of mixing of viscous fluids is presented. Single Layer and Double Layer Representations for Stokes flows in bounded domains are formulated and numerical examples of mixing in selected geometrically-challenging two and three-dimensional problems are illustrated. Emphasis is given to the analysis of errors encountered in the point evaluation of the velocity field and the calculation of subsequent trajectories in time-perodic flows. It is shown that even though individual particle paths are sensitive to the accumulation of discretization errors, mixing templates can be calculated with reasonable accuracy. A simple error control formula is used that enables a systematic application of boundary integral methods to compute mixing patterns in time-periodic (chaotic) Stokes flows.
Selection of tetracycline and ampicillin resistance genes during long-term soil-copper exposure (2017)

Antibiotic resistance is an issue of paramount clinical concern. While the overuse of antibiotics is the much touted cause of the current resistance issue we face, the problem is in fact much more complex than that. The role of the environment and selection pressures present have been known to be contributing factors to the cycling and maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes for some time. The specific details of the link between the environment and clinical setting are still being elucidated and may prove to be vital in staving off the ever approaching post-antibiotic era we face. Metals in the environment, for example, could be a significant factor in the development of antibiotic resistance. Here, we assessed the contribution of elevated levels of copper on the selection of ampicillin and tetracycline resistance in soils. Tetracycline resistance genes, particularly those conferring resistance via efflux mechanisms, had higher relative abundances upon exposure to copper over time; whereas, ampicillin resistance genes showed marginal differences among treatments. Overall, the presence of copper into the environment does pose a risk with regards to the increase and maintenance of antibiotic resistance. The environment and metals present should be considered when devising policy to tackle the antibiotic resistance issue.
Figure S4 from α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Integrin Mediates Radioresistance of Prostate Cancer Cells through Regulation of Survivin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;cRGD PC-3&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 9 from Metabolomics Strategy Reveals Subpopulation of Liposarcomas Sensitive to Gemcitabine Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 148K, Supplemental Figure 9: dCK, CDA and DCTD expression levels vary in primary liposarcoma tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Application of back analysis in assessing the stability of an Indian tunnel (2017)

Prediction of rock mass behavior is one of the most difficult problems of rock engineering in spite of rapid strides made in the recent years in the field of geomechanics. The most promising way to overcome these difficulties seems to be by back analysis of the deformations observed in the tunnel during excavation. Field measurements are a very powerful tool not only for monitoring the stability of underground media, but also for designing structures. An Indian case history was selected for analysis to assess the rock mass behavior using the back analysis approach. The monitored deformations in the tunnel, which were of the order of 8.9% the tunnel diameter, were back analysed. The results of the analysis estimated shear strains upto 15.32% which is much greater than the estimated critical shear strain of 2.9%, indicating severe instability due to excavation. Also the comparison between calculated and measured displacements show good agreement.
Mutual injection locking of solid-state lasers (2004)

Mutual injection locking of solid-state lasers provides significant improvements over traditional, single-direction injection locking. While both methods reduce lasing threshold and improve beam quality, mutual injection locking overcomes the traditional method's limits.
Clonal success of piliated penicillin nonsusceptible pneumococci (2007)

Antibiotic resistance in pneumococci is due to the spread of strains belonging to a limited number of clones. The Spain(9V)-3 clone of sequence type (ST)156 is one of the most successful clones with reduced susceptibility to penicillin [pneumococci nonsusceptible to penicillin (PNSP)]. In Sweden during 2000-2003, a dramatic increase in the number of PNSP isolates was observed. Molecular characterization of these isolates showed that a single clone of sequence type ST156 increased from 40% to 80% of all serotype 14, thus causing the serotype expansion. Additionally, during the same time period, we examined the clonal composition of two serotypes 9V and 19F: all 9V and 20% of 19F isolates belonged to the clonal cluster of ST156, and overall approximately 50% of all PNSP belonged to the ST156 clonal cluster. Moreover, microarray and PCR analysis showed that all ST156 isolates, irrespective of capsular type, carried the rlrA pilus islet. This islet was also found to be present in the penicillin-sensitive ST162 clone, which is believed to be the drug-susceptible ancestor of ST156. Competitive experiments between related ST156 serotype 19F strains confirmed that those containing the rlrA pilus islet were more successful in an animal model of carriage. We conclude that the pilus island is an important biological factor common to ST156 isolates and other successful PNSP clones. In Sweden, a country where the low antibiotic usage does not explain the spread of resistant strains, at least 70% of all PNSP isolates collected during year 2003 carried the pilus islet.
Cross-layer optimization of coded wireless network (2010)

The network coding paradigm advocates that intermediate nodes should not only forward, but also process and combine packets, which has the potential to increase throughput and facilitate distributed operation of networks. This dissertation focuses on wireless networks, where network coding can be gracefully combined with and exploit the properties of the wireless networks. The goal is to design and evaluate algorithms and protocols, on top of given constructive network coding schemes, so as to fully exploit the network coding capabilities. The contributions of this dissertation are the joint optimization of (i) video streaming, (ii) rate control, and (iii) error correction, together with the underlying network coding mechanisms.
We first study video streaming over coded wireless networks. Our key insight is that, when the transmitted flows are video, network codes should be selected so as to maximize not only the network throughput but also the video quality. We propose video-aware opportunistic network coding schemes that take into account the importance and deadlines of video packets.
Second, we study rate control and scheduling. The key intuition is that network coding introduces network coded flows and new conflicts between nodes, which should be taken into account both in rate control and scheduling. We consider two types of traffic; video and TCP. In the case of video, its time-varying nature affects the underlying network coding opportunities. We observe that by delaying some scenes and by optimizing the rate allocation, we can create more network coding opportunities and thus improve video quality. In the case of TCP traffic, TCP flows do not fully exploit the network coding opportunities due to their bursty behavior and due to the fact that TCP is agnostic to network coding. In order to improve the performance of TCP flows over coded wireless networks, we propose a network-coding aware queue management scheme.
In the last part of this thesis, we combine inter- and intra-session network coding (I2NC). Our scheme, I2NC provides resilience to loss thanks to the error-correcting capabilities of intra-session network coding. Furthermore, it allows intermediate nodes to operate without the knowledge of the decoding buffers at their neighbors.
Deletion of pmp-4, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the human peroxisomal VLCFA transporter Abcd1, provides a useful model for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) (2013)

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 4th Spanish Worm Meeting, celebrado en Carmona (Sevilla) del 14 al 15 de marzo de 2013.-- et al.
A Test Circuit for Statistical Evaluation of $p-n$ Junction Leakage Current and its Noise (2012)

We develop a test circuit to evaluate statistical distributions of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> junction leakage currents for numerous samples in a very short time (0.1-10 fA, 28672 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> diodes in 0.77s). This test circuit is based on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel image sensor, which contains a current-to-voltage conversion function by a capacitor and amplifiers of voltage signals in each pixel. The test structure can be easily designed because of a small number of mask layer requirements (at least one poly-Si, one metal interconnect layer). Its simplicity has considerable benefits, such as an easy fabrication for the evaluation of various processes technologies without exceptional cares. We demonstrate that two normal distributions exist in the steady-state (time averaging) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">leak</sub> distributions, which have differing temperature dependencies. A distribution of the activation energy extracted from temperature dependence of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">leak</sub> is also revealed experimentally. Dynamic fluctuation of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">leak</sub> is confirmed to be measured, due to the execute pseudoparallel sampling among whole samples over a long recording time.
Physical Layer Performance (2002)

Introduction Cell Coverage Downlink Cell Capacity Capacity Trials 3GPP Performance Requirements Performance Enhancements References
Designing adaptive coded modulation for optical networks via achievable information rates (2017)

Achievable information rates are discussed as a tool to analyse and design optical networks. It is shown that the maximum throughput of the network and its dependency of different network parameters can be predicted with such a tool.
Identification of ester-linked ubiquitylation sites during TLR7 signalling increases the number of inter-ubiquitin linkages from 8 to 12 (2022)

The E3 ligase HOIL-1 forms ester bonds in vitro between ubiquitin and serine/threonine residues in proteins. Here, we exploit UbiSite technology to identify serine and threonine residues undergoing HOIL-1 catalysed ubiquitylation in macrophages stimulated with R848, an activator of the TLR7/8 heterodimer. We identify Thr12, Thr14, Ser20 and Thr22 of ubiquitin as amino acid residues forming ester bonds with the C-terminal carboxylate of another ubiquitin molecule. This increases from 8 to 12 the number of ubiquitin linkage types that are formed in cells. We also identify Ser175 of IRAK4, Ser136, Thr163 and Ser168 of IRAK2 and Thr141 of MyD88 as further sites of HOIL-1-catalysed ubiquitylation together with lysine residues in these proteins that also undergo R848-dependent ubiquitylation. These findings establish that the ubiquitin chains attached to components of myddosomes are initiated by both ester and isopeptide bonds. Ester bond formation takes place within the proline, serine, threonine-rich (PST) domains of IRAK2 and IRAK4 and the intermediate domain of MyD88. The ubiquitin molecules attached to Lys162, Thr163 and Ser168 of IRAK2 are attached to different IRAK2 molecules.
Sea of polymer pillars: compliant wafer-level electrical-optical chip I/O interconnections (2003)

An electrical-optical chip input-output (I/O) interconnection technology called sea of polymer pillars (SoPP) is presented. SoPP provides highly process-integrated and mechanically flexible (compliant) electrical-optical die-to-board interconnections that mitigate thermo-mechanical expansion mismatches. The I/O density of SoPP exceeds 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The compliance of the polymer pillars is shown to be 3-5 μm/mN. Approximately 50% input optical coupling efficiency into a volume grating coupler through a set of polymer pillars is demonstrated.
Influence of Chemical Additives upon Both Filtration and Electroosmotic Dehydration of a Kaolin Suspension (2000)

The filtration of a kaolin suspension and the electroosmosic dehydration of a formed cake are studied. The influence of chemical pretreatments upon these two stages is studied for various added compounds: salts, acids, coagulants, flocculants, and surfactants. The main parameters of the process, such as the cake specific resistance, the energy consumption, and the cake dryness, are compared. The added compounds influence the process parameters differently. The choice of an appropriate method of pretreatment depends on which of these process parameters is of interest to improve. However, with an appropriate pretreatment, electroosmotic dehydration allows cake dryness to be markedly increased at low energy consumption.
Electrical properties of InAs/InGaAs quantum-dot laser heterostructures: A threshold effect (2009)

We present differential current—voltage characteristics of InGaAs/GaAs laser structures with InAs quantum dots in a quantum well and without dots. In both cases, there is a drop in differential resistance at the lasing threshold, but in the case of the quantum-dot laser the drop is incomplete, without saturation of the voltage applied to the nonlinear part of the diode. The observed current voltage behaviour is interpreted qualitatively in terms of series-connected barriers (series barriers model).
A hardware-driven profiling scheme for identifying program hot spots to support runtime optimization (2003)

This paper presents a novel hardware-based approach for identifying, profiling, and monitoring hot spots in order to support runtime optimization of general-purpose programs. The proposed approach consists of a set of tightly coupled hardware tables and control logic modules that are placed in the retirement stage of a processor pipeline removed from the critical path. The features of the proposed design include rapid detection of program hot spots after changes in execution behavior, runtime-tunable selection criteria for hot spot detection, and negligible overhead during application execution. Experiments using several SPEC95 benchmarks, as well as several large WindowsNT applications, demonstrate the promise of the proposed design.
Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Characteristics Associated with Glaucoma in Community Living Older Adults: Prelude to a Screening Trial? (2016)

Retinal NFL thickness was associated with a new history of self-reported glaucoma 5 years later. A trial testing the usefulness of NFL as part of a screening battery for predicting glaucoma in those previously undiagnosed might lead to improved case finding and, ultimately, to diminishing the risk of visual field loss.
Mercury: A memory-constrained spatio-temporal real-time search on microblogs (2014)

This paper presents Mercury; a system for real-time support of top-k spatio-temporal queries on microblogs, where users are able to browse recent microblogs near their locations. With high arrival rates of microblogs, Mercury ensures real-time query response within a tight memory-constrained environment. Mercury bounds its search space to include only those microblogs that have arrived within certain spatial and temporal boundaries, in which only the top-k microblogs, according to a spatio-temporal ranking function, are returned in the search results. Mercury employs: (a) a scalable dynamic in-memory index structure that is capable of digesting all incoming microblogs, (b) an efficient query processor that exploits the in-memory index through spatio-temporal pruning techniques that reduce the number of visited microblogs to return the final answer, (c) an index size tuning module that dynamically finds and adjusts the minimum index size to ensure that incoming queries will be answered accurately, and (d) a load shedding technique that trades slight decrease in query accuracy for significant storage savings. Extensive experimental results based on a real-time Twitter Firehose feed and actual locations of Bing search queries show that Mercury supports high arrival rates of up to 64K microblogs/second and average query latency of 4 msec.
Navigation Reduces the Learning Curve in Resurfacing Total Hip Arthroplasty (2007)

Hip resurfacing is a novel technique with a substantial learning curve resulting in poor outcomes for many patients. We asked whether navigation would influence this learning curve and accuracy of implantation. Twenty medical students earning their degree in surgical technology participated in a randomized trial. We provided instruction about the surgical technique, including the use of conventional instrumentation, the use of a computed tomography-based planner for hip resurfacing, and a navigation system. The 20 students were then split into three groups undertaking these tasks in three different orders. Synthetic femurs replicated normal, osteoarthritis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and coxa valga. The mean error using the conventional method to insert a guidewire was 23 degrees; using the computed tomography plan method it was 22 degrees; and using navigation was 7 degrees. Students produced similar accuracy, even in their first attempt, on difficult anatomy when provided navigation. Motivated students rapidly achieved an expert level of accuracy when provided with navigation. Learning a conventional method first did not improve performance, even in difficult cases. Our data suggest navigation may play an important role in reducing the learning curve in hip resurfacing arthroplasty and other tasks in arthroplasty in which a high degree of accuracy is clinically important.
Infection by and protective immune responses against Plasmodium berghei ANKA are not affected in macrophage scavenger receptors A deficient mice (2006)

Our results do not reveal a function of SR-A I and II receptors in the Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection, both in the development of CM and parasitemia control. Moreover, these receptors appear not to be required for the establishment of a protective immune response against the malaria liver stages.
Superconducting Tunnel Junctions for X-ray Detection (2001)

We report the first demonstration of X-ray detection by using a Superconducting Tunnel Junction (STJ) with a microstrip-coil. The STJ was fabricated based on Nb/AYAIOx/Nb integration process technology using a 2Fm design rule. Magnetic field was applied into the STJ by the microstrip-coil to suppress the dc Josephson current instead of the conventional electromagnet. The output waveform was successfully observed by irradiation of 5.9 keV X-ray under a condition of microstrip-coil current of 20 mA at 0.4 K. Index Terms-microstrip-coil, Superconducting Tunnel Junction, X-ray detection.
Point-to-Point Communication in Integrated Satellite-Aerial 6G Networks: State-of-the-Art and Future Challenges (2021)

This paper surveys the literature on point-to-point (P2P) links for integrated satellite-aerial networks, which are envisioned to be among the key enablers of the sixth-generation (6G) of wireless networks vision. The paper first outlines the unique characteristics of such integrated large-scale complex networks, often denoted by spatial networks, and focuses on two particular space-air infrastructures, namely, satellites networks and high-altitude platforms (HAPs). The paper then classifies the connecting P2P communications links as satellite-to-satellite links at the same layer (SSLL), satellite-to-satellite links at different layers (SSLD), and HAP-to-HAP links (HHL). The paper surveys each layer of such spatial networks separately, and highlights the possible natures of the connecting links (i.e., radio-frequency or free-space optics) with a dedicated survey of the existing link-budget results. The paper, afterwards, presents the prospective merit of realizing such an integrated satellite-HAP network towards providing broadband services in under-served and remote areas. Finally, the paper sheds light on several future research directions in the context of spatial networks, namely large-scale network optimization, intelligent offloading, smart platforms, energy efficiency, multiple access schemes, distributed spatial networks, and routing.
Comparison of (2′-5′) Oligo-adenylate Synthetase and Interferon Blood-Levels in Mice Early After Viral Infection (1982)

The level of the IFN-induced enzyme (2'-5') oligo A synthetase in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined in mice at different times following virus infection. There was a significant increase (4-7-fold) of the enzyme level within less than 12 h after i.p. injection of either VSV (10(7) pfu) or Sindbis virus (2.10(4) pfu). The elevated level was maintained for about a week and then the activity returned to normal. There was, however, a marked difference in the pattern of serum level of IFN during infection by the two viruses; while in the mice infected by VSV, serum IFN was very high on the first day and declined to an undetectable level by the fourth day, in the mice infected with Sindbis virus, serum IFN was barely detectable at the first day and then increased towards the fourth day of infection. Antiviral antibodies could be detected in the serum only about a week after infection. We conclude that viral infection can result in a rapid elevation of (2'-5') oligo A synthetase in the PBMC, even when serum IFN remains low. Thus, quantitation of the enzyme level can be a useful diagnostic aid in viral infection particularly in the early stages and in cases in which antiviral antibodies and IFN can not be detected.