gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Prediction of Doubly-Dispersive Channels for Pulse-Shaped OTFS using 2D-ConvLSTM (2022)

In this paper, we investigate the ability of recurrent neural networks to perform channel predictions for orthogonal time frequency and space modulation (OTFS). Due to 2D orthogonal precoding, OTFS promises high time-frequency (TF) diversity which turns out to enable robust communication even in high mobility scenarios. To exploit high diversity gain, knowledge of accurate channel state information (CSI) is essential. In OTFS, the CSI can directly be estimated in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. Vehicular channels however are considered to be doubly-dispersive and therefore require a channel estimation on a per frame basis. This motivates the investigation of short-term channel prediction. We propose a scheme to estimate the channel coefficients collected on vehicular trajectory and predict them into the future using 2D-convolutional long short-term memory network (2D-ConvLSTM). First numerical results show that a prediction of the channel coefficients is possible.
The Hydrolysis of the Prostaglandin Analog Prodrug Bimatoprost to 17-Phenyl-trinor PGF 2 α by Human and Rabbit Ocular Tissue (2003)

Bimatoprost (Lumigan), the ethyl amide derivative of the potent prostaglandin FP agonist 17-phenyl-trinor PGF(2alpha), has been reported to be a member of a pharmacologically unique class of ocular hypotensive agents. To confirm that bimatoprost, which is intrinsically active as an FP prostaglandin agonist, is also a prostaglandin analog prodrug, the hydrolysis of bimatoprost by ocular tissues was studied by incubating solutions containing bimatoprost with either human or rabbit ocular tissue. The ethyl amide group of bimatoprost was hydrolyzed by rabbit and human cornea, iris/ciliary body and Thasclera to produce the expected carboxylic acid product, 17-phenyl-trinor PGF(2alpha). The rate of hydrolysis by human and rabbit cornea and iris/ciliary body is similar, whereas the rate of hydrolysis by the sclera is slower in humans than in rabbits. These studies show that human and rabbit ocular tissue (cornea, iris/ciliary body and sclera) can convert bimatoprost to the potent prostaglandin FP agonist 17-phenyl-trinor PGF(2alpha). Separate in vitro studies clearly show that both bimatoprost and 17-phenyl-trinor PGF(2alpha) have affinity for and are agonists at the human FP receptor. Taken together, the data strongly suggests that the ocular hypotensive effect of bimatoprost can be attributed to its activity as a prostaglandin receptor agonist either directly or through its role as a prostaglandin agonist prodrug.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVENIENT NEW PROCEDURES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ETHOXYTHIOCARBONYL DERIVATIVES OF AMINO ACIDS (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Xanthogenat (I) entsteht mit Chlorkohlensäureethylester (II) das Substitutionsprodukt (III), das mit weiterem (I) zum Thioanhydrid (IV) reagiert.
Wild-type sTREM2 blocks Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity, while the Alzheimer’s R47H mutant does the opposite (2020)

Abstract Missense mutations (e.g. R47H) of the microglial receptor TREM2 increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the soluble ectodomain of wild-type TREM2 (sTREM2) appears to protect in vivo, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We show that Aβ oligomers bind to TREM2, inducing shedding of sTREM2. Wild-type sTREM2 inhibits Aβ oligomerization, fibrillization and neurotoxicity, and disaggregates preformed Aβ oligomers and protofibrils. In contrast, the R47H AD-risk variant of sTREM2 is less able to bind and disaggregate oligomeric Aβ, but rather promotes Aβ protofibril formation and neurotoxicity. Thus, in addition to mediating phagocytosis, wild-type TREM2 may protect against amyloid pathology by Aβ-induced release of sTREM2 that blocks Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity; while R47H sTREM2 promotes Aβ aggregation into neurotoxic forms, which may explain why the R47H variant gene increases AD risk several fold.
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Stimulates Proliferation but Suppresses the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Differentiation of Cultured Granulosa Cells from Small Antral and Preovulatory Rat Follicles1 (2000)

In addition to pituitary gonadotropins and paracrine factors, ovarian follicle development is also modulated by oocyte factors capable of stimulating granulosa cell proliferation but suppressing their differentiation. The nature of these oocyte factors is unclear. Because growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) enhanced preantral follicle growth and was detected in the oocytes of early antral and preovulatory follicles, we hypothesized that this oocyte hormone could regulate the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells from these advanced follicles. Treatment with recombinant GDF-9, but not FSH, stimulated thymidine incorporation into cultured granulosa cells from both early antral and preovulatory follicles, accompanied by increases in granulosa cell number. Although GDF-9 treatment alone stimulated basal steroidogenesis in granulosa cells, cotreatment with GDF-9 suppressed FSH-stimulated progesterone and estradiol production. In addition, GDF-9 cotreatment attentuated FSH-induced LH receptor formation. The inhibitory effects of GDF-9 on FSH-induced granulosa cell differentiation were accompanied by decreases in the FSH-induced cAMP production. These data suggested that GDF-9 is a proliferation factor for granulosa cells from early antral and preovulatory follicles but suppresses FSH-induced differentiation of the same cells. Thus, oocyte-derived GDF-9 could account, at least partially, for the oocyte factor(s) previously reported to control cumulus and granulosa cell differentiation.
Distributed transmit beamforming: challenges and recent progress (2009)

Distributed transmit beamforming is a form of cooperative communication in which two or more information sources simultaneously transmit a common message and control the phase of their transmissions so that the signals constructively combine at an intended destination. Depending on the design objectives and constraints, the power gains of distributed beamforming can be translated into dramatic increases in range, rate, or energy efficiency. Distributed beamforming may also provide benefits in terms of security and interference reduction since less transmit power is scattered in unintended directions. Key challenges in realizing these benefits, however, include coordinating the sources for information sharing and timing synchronization and, most crucially, distributed carrier synchronization so that the transmissions combine constructively at the destination. This article reviews promising recent results in architectures, algorithms, and working prototypes which indicate that these challenges can be surmounted. Directions for future research needed to translate the potential of distributed beamforming into practice are also discussed.
Standard Liquid Fuel for Industrial Boilers from Used Wood (2018)

The purpose of the research was to validate if the fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) from used wood would meet the specifications set by the standard EN 16900-2017 for industrial boilers. Commercial used wood Class C was used for fast pyrolysis. According to physical characterization studies, the dominant material groups were (virgin) wood (i.e. no visible coatings) (58 wt%) and chemically treated wood (41 wt%). The share of plastics was 0.7 wt%. The contents of heavy metals were not significant. No bromine was observed and the content of chlorine was =0.05 wt%. Prior pyrolysis studies, the sample was grinded, dried, and sieved. Plastic fraction was separated to over 0.98 mm sieve fraction. The main fraction having particle size of 0.55 - 0.98 mm containing wood was tested in one experiment and a mixture of plastic fraction (over 0.98 mm) and wood fraction (0.55 - 0.98 mm) was tested in two other experiments. The fines below 0.55 mm were removed; Pb was found only in this finest fraction. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor (1 kg/h). Organic yields were lower (42 - 47 wt%) than with sawdust (62 wt%) but at the same level than those with stored forest residues (46 wt%). The side products char and gases are combusted for process energy in commercial integrated process. The liquid product had a high water content, which resulted in a spontaneous phase separation. The phases were mixed together, and a part of water was gently removed to obtain a single phase product with a water content of 21 wt%. The liquid product was a homogenous fluid, which in most cases met the demands of the EN standard and hence can be used in industrial boilers. All product met the specifications for REACH.
Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of three vinyl chloride-induced DNA lesions: 1,N6-ethenoadenine, 3,N4-ethenocytosine, and 4-amino-5-(imidazol-2-yl)imidazole (1993)

The mutagenic and genotoxic properties of 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilon Ade), 3,N4-ethenocytosine (epsilon Cyt), and 4-amino-5-(imidazol-2-yl)imidazole (beta) were investigated in vivo. The former two modified bases are known DNA adducts formed by the human carcinogen vinyl chloride; beta is formed by pyrimidine ring-opening of epsilon Ade. Chemically synthesized deoxyhexanucleotides containing epsilon Ade and beta, d[GCT-(epsilon A)GC], and d[GCT(beta)GC], respectively, were described previously [Biochemistry (1987) 26, 5626-5635]. epsilon Cyt was inserted into an oligonucleotide, d[GCTAG(epsilon C)], by a mild enzymatic synthetic procedure, which avoided exposure of the base to alkaline conditions. 3,N4-Etheno-2'-deoxycytidine 3',5'-bisphosphate coupled with reasonable efficiency (30-40%) to the 3'-nucleoside of an acceptor pentamer, d(GCTAG), in a reaction catalyzed by T4 RNA ligase in the presence of ATP. Each of the three modified hexanucleotides and an unmodified control were inserted into a six-base gap positioned at a known site in the genome of bacteriophage M13-NheI. A nick was placed in the DNA strand opposite that containing the single DNA lesions, enabling the formation of singly adducted single-stranded genomes by denaturation. After transfection of the adducted phage DNAs into Escherichia coli, each of the adducts was found to be genotoxic. The most toxic lesion was beta, which reduced survival of the genome by 97%. epsilon Cyt and epsilon Ade reduced survival by 90% and 65%, respectively. An examination of the surviving phage populations revealed that each of the three adducts was mutagenic. The least mutagenic lesion was epsilon Ade (0.1% of the survivors were mutant), which showed primarily A-->G transitions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Suppression of Adaptive Responses to Targeted Cancer Therapy by Transcriptional Repression (2017)

Acquired drug resistance is a major factor limiting the effectiveness of targeted cancer therapies. Targeting tumors with kinase inhibitors induces complex adaptive programs that promote the persistence of a fraction of the original cell population, facilitating the eventual outgrowth of inhibitor-resistant tumor clones. We show that the addition of a newly identified CDK7/12 inhibitor, THZ1, to targeted therapy enhances cell killing and impedes the emergence of drug-resistant cell populations in diverse cellular and <i>in vivo</i> cancer models. We propose that targeted therapy induces a state of transcriptional dependency in a subpopulation of cells poised to become drug tolerant, which THZ1 can exploit by blocking dynamic transcriptional responses, promoting remodeling of enhancers and key signaling outputs required for tumor cell survival in the setting of targeted therapy. These findings suggest that the addition of THZ1 to targeted therapies is a promising broad-based strategy to hinder the emergence of drug-resistant cancer cell populations.<b>Significance:</b> CDK7/12 inhibition prevents active enhancer formation at genes, promoting resistance emergence in response to targeted therapy, and impedes the engagement of transcriptional programs required for tumor cell survival. CDK7/12 inhibition in combination with targeted cancer therapies may serve as a therapeutic paradigm for enhancing the effectiveness of targeted therapies. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(1); 59-73. ©2017 AACR.</i><i>See related commentary by Carugo and Draetta, p. 17</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1</i>.
Supplementary Figure S2 from A Phase I/II Trial of HER2 Vaccine–Primed Autologous T-Cell Infusions in Patients with Treatment Refractory HER2–Overexpressing Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Overall survival in relation to clinical response in individual patient after T cell infusions.&lt;/p&gt;
Rethinking data-driven networking with foundation models (2022)

Foundational models have caused a paradigm shift in the way artificial intelligence (AI) systems are built. They have had a major impact in natural language processing (NLP), and several other domains, not only reducing the amount of required labeled data or even eliminating the need for it, but also significantly improving performance on a wide range of tasks. We argue foundation models can have a similar profound impact on network traffic analysis, and management. More specifically, we show that network data shares several of the properties that are behind the success of foundational models in linguistics. For example, network data contains rich semantic content, and several of the networking tasks (e.g., traffic classification, generation of protocol implementations from specification text, anomaly detection) can find similar counterparts in NLP (e.g., sentiment analysis, translation from natural language to code, out-of-distribution). However, network settings also present unique characteristics and challenges that must be overcome. Our contribution is in highlighting the opportunities and challenges at the intersection of foundation models and networking.
High Efficient OLEDs and Their Application to Lighting (2008)

Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is one of the strongest candidates for the next generation solid state lighting alternative to conventional incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps. There are still a lot of issues to overcome in order to commercialize OLED lighting, but a number of elemental technologies indispensable for OLED lighting such as high efficiency, long lifetime at high luminance and large area uniform emission have been developed.
1876: Ureteroscopic Management of Symptomatic Renal Calculi: Do Ureteral Access Sheaths Improve Stone Free Rates? (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Wednesday, May 12, 2004, 8:00am- 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041876: Ureteroscopic Management of Symptomatic Renal Calculi: Do Ureteral Access Sheaths Improve Stone Free Rates? James O. L'Esperance, W. Patrick Springhart, Wesley Ekeruo, Michaella E. Maloney, Yeh Hong Tan, Matthew D. Young, Charles G. Marguet, Ganesh V. Raj, David M. Albala, and Glenn M. Preminger James O. L'EsperanceJames O. L'Esperance More articles by this author , W. Patrick SpringhartW. Patrick Springhart More articles by this author , Wesley EkeruoWesley Ekeruo More articles by this author , Michaella E. MaloneyMichaella E. Maloney More articles by this author , Yeh Hong TanYeh Hong Tan More articles by this author , Matthew D. YoungMatthew D. Young More articles by this author , Charles G. MarguetCharles G. Marguet More articles by this author , Ganesh V. RajGanesh V. Raj More articles by this author , David M. AlbalaDavid M. Albala More articles by this author , and Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)39068-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1876: Ureteroscopic Management of Symptomatic Renal Calculi: Do Ureteral Access Sheaths Improve Stone Free Rates?." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), pp. 495–496 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 495-496 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information James O. L'Esperance More articles by this author W. Patrick Springhart More articles by this author Wesley Ekeruo More articles by this author Michaella E. Maloney More articles by this author Yeh Hong Tan More articles by this author Matthew D. Young More articles by this author Charles G. Marguet More articles by this author Ganesh V. Raj More articles by this author David M. Albala More articles by this author Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
An Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of S-(-)-Fenpropimorph (1994)

First enantioselective synthesis of S-(-)-1-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl]propyl-cis-3,5-dimethylmorpholine (6), biologically active enantiomer of the systematic fungicide fenpropimorph, is reported. It comprises reacting 4-tert-butylbenzylbromide with methyldiethylmalonate, decarbethoxylation of 2 into racemic 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropionic acid ethylester (3) in DMSO in the presence of alkali, then Pseudomonas sp. lipase catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic 3 into S-(+)-acid (4), base-catalyzed racemization and recycling of the R-(-)-ester 3, acylation of cis-3,5-dimethylmorpholine, and final reduction of the intermediary amide 5 to provide enantiomerically pure S-(-)-6.
Cognitive processing in Chinese literate and illiterate subjects: An fMRI study (2005)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) were used to map brain activation during language tasks. While previous studies have compared performance between alphabetic literate and illiterate subjects, there have been no such data in Chinese-speaking individuals. In this study, we used fMRI to examine the effects of education on neural activation associated with silent word recognition and silent picture-naming tasks in 24 healthy right-handed Chinese subjects (12 illiterates and 12 literates). There were 30 single Chinese characters in the silent word recognition task and 30 meaningful road-signs in the silent picture-naming task. When we compared literate and illiterate subjects, we observed education-related differences in activation patterns in the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus and both sides of the superior temporal gyrus for the silent word recognition task and in the bilateral inferior/middle frontal gyrus and left limbic cingulated gyrus for the silent picture-naming task. These results indicate that the patterns of neural activation associated with language tasks are strongly influenced by education. Education appears to have enhanced cognitive processing efficiency in language tasks.
Grote: Group Testing for Privacy-Preserving Face Identification (2023)

This paper proposes a novel method to perform privacy-preserving face identification based on the notion of group testing, and applies it to a solution using the Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (CKKS) homomorphic encryption scheme. Securely computing the closest reference template to a given live template requires K comparisons, as many as there are identities in a biometric database. Our solution, named Grote, replaces element-wise testing by group testing to drastically reduce the number of such costly, non-linear operations in the encrypted domain from K to up to 2\sqrtK . More specifically, we approximate the max of the coordinates of a large vector by raising to the α-th power and cumulative sum in a 2D layout, incurring a small impact in the accuracy of the system while greatly speeding up its execution. We implement Grote and evaluate its performance.
Combining Whole-Genome Sequencing and Multimodel Phenotyping To Identify Genetic Predictors of Salmonella Virulence (2020)

<i>Salmonella</i> comprises more than 2,600 serovars. Very few environmental and uncommon serovars have been characterized for their potential role in virulence and human infections. A complementary <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> systematic high-throughput analysis of virulence was used to elucidate the association between genetic and phenotypic variations across <i>Salmonella</i> isolates. The goal was to develop a strategy for the classification of isolates as a benchmark and predict virulence levels of isolates. Thirty-five phylogenetically distant strains of unknown virulence were selected from the <i>Salmonella</i> Foodborne Syst-OMICS (SalFoS) collection, representing 34 different serovars isolated from various sources. Isolates were evaluated for virulence in 4 complementary models of infection to compare virulence traits with the genomics data, including interactions with human intestinal epithelial cells, human macrophages, and amoeba. <i>In vivo</i> testing was conducted using the mouse model of <i>Salmonella</i> systemic infection. Significant correlations were identified between the different models. We identified a collection of novel hypothetical and conserved proteins associated with isolates that generate a high burden. We also showed that blind prediction of virulence of 33 additional strains based on the pan-genome was high in the mouse model of systemic infection (82% agreement) and in the human epithelial cell model (74% agreement). These complementary approaches enabled us to define virulence potential in different isolates and present a novel strategy for risk assessment of specific strains and for better monitoring and source tracking during outbreaks.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Salmonella</i> species are bacteria that are a major source of foodborne disease through contamination of a diversity of foods, including meat, eggs, fruits, nuts, and vegetables. More than 2,600 different <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars have been identified, and only a few of them are associated with illness in humans. Despite the fact that they are genetically closely related, there is enormous variation in the virulence of different isolates of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Identification of foodborne pathogens is a lengthy process based on microbiological, biochemical, and immunological methods. Here, we worked toward new ways of integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approaches into food safety practices. We used WGS to build associations between virulence and genetic diversity within 83 <i>Salmonella</i> isolates representing 77 different <i>Salmonella</i> serovars. Our work demonstrates the potential of combining a genomics approach and virulence tests to improve the diagnostics and assess risk of human illness associated with specific <i>Salmonella</i> isolates.
Improved correlation of human Q fever incidence to modelled C. burnetii concentrations by means of an atmospheric dispersion model (2015)

By adding meteorological information the correlation between modelled concentration and observed incidence improved, despite using three simple emission profiles. Although additional information is needed - especially regarding emission data - these results provide a basis for the use of ADMs to predict and to visualize the spread of airborne pathogens during livestock, industry and even bio-terroristic related outbreaks or releases to a surrounding human population.