gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic Osmolytes in the Brain of an Infant with Hypernatremia (1994)

Neurologic symptoms due to electrolyte disorders are common, occurring in patients with diarrhea, diabetes mellitus, head injury, renal failure, and many other disorders, especially in infants and the elderly. The clinical syndromes of dehydration and overhydration, often first detected in measurements of plasma sodium or osmolality, are among the most frequent causes of the neurologic symptoms, which include irritability, seizures, lethargy, and coma. There are multiple hormonal and neurogenic mechanisms to maintain total body water and the concentration of solutes (osmolality) within narrow limits. Interruption of these homeostatic mechanisms leads to the retention or loss of either water or solute; . . .
The underwater sounds produced by impacting snowflakes (1999)

In 1985, Scrimger [Nature 318, 647 (1985)] reported measurements of noise levels significantly above the ambient level for snow falling on a quiet freshwater lake. He examined only the time-averaged sound levels and did not report measurements of individual snowflake impacts. Subsequently, the noise produced by individual and multiple snowflake impacts was examined for a number of different snowfalls. The radiated acoustic signals generated by the impact of individual snowflakes upon a body of water have a remarkable similarity to each other and differ principally in the frequency of the emitted sound wave. The acoustic signal of a snowflake impact thus generates a characteristic signature for snowfall that is clearly distinct from other forms of precipitation noise. Various aspects of this signature suggest that the radiated acoustic waveform from a snowflake impacting with water is due to the entrainment of a gas bubble into the liquid, and the subsequent oscillation of this bubble as it establishes its equilibrium state. Various scenarios are presented for bubble entrainment and approximations to the amplitude of the radiated signal and the acoustic waveform are obtained.
Relevance of Spinal Cord Abnormalities to Clinical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: MR Imaging Findings in a Large Cohort of Patients (2013)

Spinal cord abnormalities have a strong effect on clinical disability in MS. MR imaging-derived UCCA was found to be the most significant spinal cord parameter for explaining EDSS score.
Using Carbazole as a Structural Modifier of CTAB-Templated Silicate Sol−Gel Thin Films (2003)

We report the use of organic additive carbazole as a structural modifier to change the mesophase of the mesostructured silicate cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-templated sol−gel thin films. The films were made by a dip-coating method on glass slides, which results in optical transparency. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns. For the small molar concentrations of carbazole (0.1−0.41) to CTAB, the films exhibit a two-dimensional hexagonal structure, which is also obtained for the films that do not have carbazole. As the molar concentration increases from 0.43 to 1.2, surprisingly the films acquire a lamellar structure with an extremely long-range order. This is an unusual result for the films prepared with CTAB, which always gives a hexagonal structure. We study the solvent effect to understand the cause of such a dramatic transformation in the films.
Streptococcal M Protein: A Multipotent and Powerful Inducer of Inflammation (2006)

Severe infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, an important human pathogen, are associated with massive inflammatory reactions in the human host. Here we show that streptococcal M protein interacts with TLR2 on human peripheral blood monocytes. As a consequence, monocytes express the cytokines IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha. This response is significantly increased in the presence of neutrophil-derived heparin-binding protein (HBP), which co-stimulates monocytes by interacting with CD11/CD18. Analysis of tissue biopsies from patients with necrotizing fasciitis revealed recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to the infectious site, combined with the release of HBP. The results show that M protein, in synergy with HBP, evokes an inflammatory response that may contribute to the profound pathophysiological consequences seen in severe streptococcal infections.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Vitamin E Analogues Inhibit Angiogenesis by Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Proliferating Endothelial Cells: The Role of Oxidative Stress (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Vitamin E Analogues Inhibit Angiogenesis by Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Proliferating Endothelial Cells: The Role of Oxidative Stress
A Manual on ASIC Front to Back End Design Flow (2006)

This paper presents a manual that covers the necessary design steps for a basic ASIC design flow. It is shown how the manual writing process is organized such that each chapter covers a certain step in the design flow. The manual has been written especially with practicality in mind and has been successfully applied to undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.
Controlled Self-assembly of Stem Cell Aggregates Instructs Pluripotency and Lineage Bias (2017)

Stem cell-derived organoids and other 3D microtissues offer enormous potential as models for drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Formation of stem/progenitor cell aggregates is common in biomanufacturing processes and critical to many organoid approaches. However, reproducibility of current protocols is limited by reliance on poorly controlled processes (e.g., spontaneous aggregation). Little is known about the effects of aggregation parameters on cell behavior, which may have implications for the production of cell aggregates and organoids. Here we introduce a bioengineered platform of labile substrate arrays that enable simple, scalable generation of cell aggregates via a controllable 2D-to-3D "self-assembly". As a proof-of-concept, we show that labile substrates generate size- and shape-controlled embryoid bodies (EBs) and can be easily modified to control EB self-assembly kinetics. We show that aggregation method instructs EB lineage bias, with faster aggregation promoting pluripotency loss and ectoderm, and slower aggregation favoring mesoderm and endoderm. We also find that aggregation kinetics of EBs markedly influence EB structure, with slower kinetics resulting in increased EB porosity and growth factor signaling. Our findings suggest that controlling internal structure of cell aggregates by modifying aggregation kinetics is a potential strategy for improving 3D microtissue models for research and translational applications.
Manipulation of BDNF Signaling Modifies the Experience-Dependent Plasticity Induced by Pure Tone Exposure during the Critical Period in the Primary Auditory Cortex (2013)

Sensory experience powerfully shapes cortical sensory representations during an early developmental "critical period" of plasticity. In the rat primary auditory cortex (A1), the experience-dependent plasticity is exemplified by significant, long-lasting distortions in frequency representation after mere exposure to repetitive frequencies during the second week of life. In the visual system, the normal unfolding of critical period plasticity is strongly dependent on the elaboration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes the establishment of inhibition. Here, we tested the hypothesis that BDNF signaling plays a role in the experience-dependent plasticity induced by pure tone exposure during the critical period in the primary auditory cortex. Elvax resin implants filled with either a blocking antibody against BDNF or the BDNF protein were placed on the A1 of rat pups throughout the critical period window. These pups were then exposed to 7 kHz pure tone for 7 consecutive days and their frequency representations were mapped. BDNF blockade completely prevented the shaping of cortical tuning by experience and resulted in poor overall frequency tuning in A1. By contrast, BDNF infusion on the developing A1 amplified the effect of 7 kHz tone exposure compared to control. These results indicate that BDNF signaling participates in the experience-dependent plasticity induced by pure tone exposure during the critical period in A1.
On-Line Mirror Surfacing Monitored by X-ray Shearing Interferometry and X-ray Scattering (2007)

We propose a novel fabrication scheme combining a mirror surfacing tool and an on‐line metrology instrument, the latter capable of controlling both figure and finish of an X‐ray mirror with an accuracy matching the challenging specifications of nanofocusing reflective optics for synchrotron and FEL X‐ray beams. This approach will be complementary to the present technologies. The paper reviews some recent achievements and presents pertinent examples of on‐line diagnostics performed at the ESRF BM05 beamline for which X‐rays prove to be a unique probe.
Rb Suppresses Collective Invasion, Circulation and Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells in CD44-Dependent Manner (2013)

Basal-like breast carcinomas (BLCs) present with extratumoral lymphovascular invasion, are highly metastatic, presumably through a hematogenous route, have augmented expression of CD44 oncoprotein and relatively low levels of retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. However, the causal relation among these features is not clear. Here, we show that Rb acts as a key suppressor of multiple stages of metastatic progression. Firstly, Rb suppresses collective cell migration (CCM) and CD44-dependent formation of F-actin positive protrusions in vitro and cell-cluster based lymphovascular invasion in vivo. Secondly, Rb inhibits the release of single cancer cells and cell clusters into the hematogenous circulation and subsequent metastatic growth in lungs. Finally, CD44 expression is required for collective motility and all subsequent stages of metastatic progression initiated by loss of Rb function. Altogether, our results suggest that Rb/CD44 pathway is a crucial regulator of CCM and metastatic progression of BLCs and a promising target for anti-BLCs therapy.
An Open-Source Framework for Air Guitar Games (2009)

This paper presents an open-source framework for developing guitar-based games using gesture interaction. The goal of this work was to develop a robust platform capable of providing seamless real time interaction, intuitive playability and coherent sound output. Each part of the proposed architecture is detailed and a case study is performed to exemplify its easiness of use. Some tests are also performed in order to validate the proposed platform. The results showed to be successful: all tested subjects could reach the objective of playing a simple song during a small amount of time and the most important, they were satisfied with the experience.
The roots of change: Cultivating equity and change across generations from healthy roots (2022)

Recent and ongoing challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic and reengagement with the pervasive issue of systemic racism in society and scientific communities have presented opportunities for many to reflect on their internal structures and practices related to equity. In the wake of these opportunities for reflection and action, many professional organizations and academic entities have issued collective public statements and commitments to climate assessment, cultural change, and structural transformation. For example, the American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB) and ASPB leadership made public assurances to address issues of inequity and promises to dismantle organizational practices and structures that reify systemic biases and oppression Advancing these commitments has not been without challenges, including the resistance that arises from challenging traditional practices, measures of success, and interpersonal negotiations that underlie lived commitments to change and the pursuit of equity.
Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from A First-Generation Multiplex Biomarker Analysis of Urine for the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from A First-Generation Multiplex Biomarker Analysis of Urine for the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
A 2D feature space representation of the optokinetic velocity signal (2016)

Early detection of visual dysfunction can lead to improved treatment outcomes. However, current standard visual acuity (VA) tests are subjective and impractical to apply in young children. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary reflexive movement of the eyes induced by a dynamic, patterned visual stimulus. OKN is characterized by alternating phases of slow stimulus tracking (pursuit), followed by quick refixation movements in the opposite direction to stimulus motion. The presence or absence of OKN may be used to indicate visual function. Previously we investigated an approach to measure the horizontal velocity component of the eye, in which OKN was indicated by large amplitude peaks corresponding to the characteristic quick refixation movements. In this paper, we used pre-peak and post-peak amplitudes to from a convenient and simple 2D feature space representation of the optokinetic signal. Video data (each lasting around 5 seconds) was obtained as a subject (N=1) viewed drifting patterns (randomly assigned directions) designed to elicit OKN under the conditions of visible drifting patterns (5 trials with LogMar = 1.0) and difficult to see drifting patterns (5 trials LogMar = 0.0). The resulting eye movement videos were subjectively analyzed by trained observers, which gave annotations indicating intervals containing OKN, eye blinks, and head movements. Results showed that the detected eye quick phases, represented by velocity peaks, were robustly correlated with the OKN annotations. A Wilicoxon test showed that the velocity of OKN peaks were statistically different from sources of noise in the videos. Trials without OKN signals, indicated that head movement and eye searching trials, can be differentiated from OKN trials. This feature based representation of optokinetic signals can be used as a basis for future work in which we will separate OKN signals, as we work towards approaches to measure visual acuity in young children.
Detection of hepatitis C viral RNA in serum of a patient with acute non A, non B hepatitis. (1991)

The sequence of serologic events in a patient with acute type C hepatitis associated with intravenous drug abuse is described. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid was detectable in serum during the acute episode of hepatitis, whereas antibody to the hepatitis C virus appeared later, after the acute illness had subsided. The patient developed chronic hepatitis with persistently elevated serum aminotransferase activities. Both hepatitis C viral ribonucleic acid and antibody to hepatitis C virus persisted in serum, together with elevated serum aminotransferases. Thus, detection of HCV RNA may be useful in the diagnosis of acute type C hepatitis, particularly in the absence of detectable antibody to the hepatitis C virus.
Nerve injury-induced tactile allodynia is mediated via ascending spinal dorsal column projections (2001)

Peripheral nerve injury produces signs of neuropathic pain including tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, sensory modalities which may be associated with different neuronal pathways. Studies of spinally-transected, nerve-injured rats have led to suggestions that thermal hyperalgesia may be mediated predominately through local spinal circuitry whereas ascending input to supraspinal sites is critical to the manifestation of tactile allodynia. Here, the nature of ascending spinal input mediating tactile allodynia was explored using selective spinal lesions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received L(5)/L(6) spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and ipsilateral or contralateral (relative to the SNL side) lesions including spinal hemisections and bilateral and unilateral dorsal column lesions. The rats were maintained in a sling and monitored for tactile allodynia by measuring withdrawal thresholds to probing with von Frey filaments 24 h after the hemisection. Rats receiving dorsal column lesions demonstrated no motor deficits while rats receiving spinal hemisection showed paralysis of the paw which nevertheless responded to strong noxious stimulation. Spinal hemisection ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to SNL completely abolished tactile allodynia while maintaining spinal nocifensive reflexes to noxious pinch. Bilateral and ipsilateral dorsal column lesions blocked tactile allodynia while contralateral dorsal column lesions did not. Administration of lidocaine into the nucleus gracilis ipsilateral to SNL also blocked tactile allodynia, but did not alter thermal hyperalgesia in SNL rats or increase thermal nociceptive responses in sham-operated rats. Lidocaine microinjected into the contralateral nucleus gracilis produced no changes in responses to tactile or thermal stimuli in either group. These results indicate that tactile allodynia after peripheral nerve injury is dependent upon inputs to supraspinal sites. Furthermore, it is apparent that afferent signals interpreted as tactile allodynia course through the ipsilateral dorsal columns and are relayed through the nucleus gracilis. This neuronal pathway is consistent with the interpretation that tactile allodynia pursuant to peripheral nerve injury is transmitted to the central nervous system by means of large diameter, myelinated fibers.
Indirect Formic Acid Fuel Cell Based on a Palladium or Palladium‐Alloy Film Separating the Fuel Reaction and Electricity Generation (2020)

Abstract An indirect fuel cell concept is presented herein, where a palladium‐based membrane (either pure Pd with 25 μm thickness or Pd 75 Ag 25 alloy with 10 μm thickness) is used to separate the electrochemical cell compartment from a catalysis compartment. In this system, hydrogen is generated from a hydrogen‐rich molecule, such as formic acid, and selectively permeated through the membrane into the electrochemical compartment where it is then converted into electricity. In this way, hydrogen is generated and converted in situ, overcoming the issues associated with hydrogen storage and presenting chemical hydrogen storage as an attractive and feasible alternative with potential application in future micro‐ and macro‐power devices for a wide range of applications and fuels.
Optical Demonstration of a Compliant Polymer Interface between Standard Fibers and Nanophotonic Waveguides (2015)

We demonstrate a peak transmission efficiency of -2.4dB between a standard optical fiber and a nanophotonic waveguide using a mechanically compliant polymer interface. We find a 1.5dB penalty over a 100nm bandwidth and all polarizations.
Colloidal micromotor in smectic A liquid crystal driven by DC electric field (2008)

Converting linear stimulus to rotation has endless examples in virtually all scales of the universe. One of the interesting examples is Quincke rotation, a spinning rotation of a dielectric sphere neutrally buoyant in an isotropic fluid caused by a unidirectional DC electric field. Recently Quincke rotation has been reported in liquid crystalline (LC) phases, and it was noted that spinning triggers a translational motion normal to the electric field and the rotation axis. In this work, we explain the translation of spinning spheres as a result of hydrodynamic interaction with the bounding walls. We also describe a unique orbiting motion: the spinning particles circumnavigate air inclusions in the liquid crystal. The effect is caused by an elastic entrapment of the spheres at tilted grain boundaries in the meniscus region in the smectic phase. This phenomenon can offer new types of microfluidic devices and micromotors.
A Three-Trocar Midline Approach to Laparoscopic-Assisted Colectomy (1998)

Several techniques have been described for the trocar placement in laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC). They share the placement of four or five trocars in different areas of the abdomen. A specimen extraction incision in these techniques generally incorporates only one or two trocar sites, and combined length of these incisions approximates the length of a limited laparotomy incision for open colectomy. In addition, intracorporeal communication between the surgeon and the first assistant, who usually works "against" the camera, is challenging and may actually prolong the procedure. We describe here a three-trocar midline approach to laparoscopic-assisted colectomy that allows incorporation of these trocar sites into a midline laparotomy approximately 3 inches long for "open" bowel resection and anastomosis. As a result, the total length of the abdominal wall incision is smaller and cosmesis is superior, while the relative simplicity of the technique, in comparison to complete laparoscopic colectomy, is emphasized. In this technique, the surgeon is much less dependent on the assistant's laparoscopic skills, allowing the laparoscopic part of the procedure to be performed by one surgeon assisted only by a camera operator.
Aggregation-Induced Folding of a De Novo Designed Polypeptide Immobilized on Gold Nanoparticles (2006)

This communication reports the first steps in the construction of a novel, nanoparticle-based hybrid material for biomimetic and biosensor applications. Gold nanoparticles were modified with synthetic polypeptides to enable control of the particle aggregation state in a switchable manner, and particle aggregation was, in turn, found to induce folding of the immobilized peptides.
Comparison of effective medium and multiple-scattering theories of predicting the ultrasonic properties of dispersions (1990)

Analytical expressions of the effective density and compressibility of a scattering medium derived using multiple-scattering theory (MST) and effective medium theory (EMT), assuming no R dependence, are compared. The EMT and MST are shown to be equivalent in the long wavelength limit. Differences between the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation predicted by the two theories, observed by earlier workers, can be attributed to the fact that simplified expressions for the scattering coefficient An were used in the EMT.
A close look at a systematic method for analyzing sets of security advice (2023)

Abstract We carry out a detailed analysis of the security advice coding method (SAcoding) of Barrera et al., which is designed to analyze security advice in the sense of measuring actionability and categorizing advice items as practices, policies, principles, or outcomes. The main part of our analysis explores the extent to which a second coder’s assignment of codes to advice items agrees with that of a first, for a dataset of 1013 security advice items nominally addressing Internet of Things devices. More broadly, we seek a deeper understanding of the soundness and utility of the SAcoding method, and the degree to which it meets the design goal of reducing subjectivity in assigning codes to security advice items. Our analysis results in suggestions for modifications to the coding tree methodology, and some recommendations. We believe the coding tree approach may be of interest for analysis of qualitative data beyond security advice datasets alone.