gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of race, smoking and immunoglobulin allotypes on IgG subclass concentrations (1997)

In previous studies we have demonstrated that serum IgG subclass concentrations are influenced by both race and periodontal disease diagnosis. Furthermore, we have shown that smoking habits modify the concentrations of some IgG subclasses in specific racial and diagnostic groups. In view of a large amount of data showing strong associations between immunoglobulin allotypes and IgG subclass concentrations we have investigated the effects of race, smoking and IgG allotype on IgG subclass concentration in a population of subjects with or without various forms of periodontitis. The results indicated that there are complex relationships between these factors in their effects on individual IgG subclass levels, and that effects unique to black or white subject groups, or to specific periodontal diagnostic groups and racial subgroups, were evident. In blacks with chronic adult periodontitis IgG1 was lower in smokers, while in generalized early-onset periodontitis patients IgG2 was lower in smokers. IgG4 was independently affected by gender (males higher), smoking (smokers lower) and GM23 (GM23 positive subjects higher), in black subjects only. In white subjects, complex relationships between smoking and allotypic markers were noted but no influence of periodontal diagnosis was found. White GM23 negative subjects who smoked had lower levels of IgG1 than GM23 positive subjects. White GM2 negative subjects who smoked had lower levels of IgG2, than did those who did not smoke. In contrast, smoking had no effect on IgG2 levels in GM2 positive subjects. Thus, in addition to immunoglobulin allotype, smoking is associated with IgG subclass concentrations; furthermore, in black subjects, periodontal diagnosis, gender and smoking all influence IgG subclass concentrations. These results demonstrate that genetic and environmental factors can interact to influence levels of individual subclasses.
Inflammation, Antiinflammatory Agents, and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Last 22 Years (2016)

Two basic discoveries spurred research into inflammation as a driving force in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The first was the identification of activated microglia in association with the lesions. The second was the discovery that rheumatoid arthritics, who regularly consume anti-inflammatory agents, were relatively spared from the disease. These findings led to an exploration of the inflammatory pathways that were involved in AD pathogenesis. A pivotal advance was the discovery that amyloid-β protein (Aβ) activated the complement system. This focused attention on anti-inflammatories as blockers of complement activation. More than 15 epidemiological studies have since showed a sparing effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in AD. A consistent finding has been that the longer the NSAIDs were used prior to clinical diagnosis, the greater the sparing effect. The reason has since emerged from studies of biomarkers such as amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and Aβ deposits in brain. They have established that the onset of AD commences at least a decade before cognitive decline permits clinical diagnosis. Such biomarker studies have revealed that a huge window of opportunity exists when application of NSAIDs, other anti-inflammatory agents, or complement activation blockers, could arrest further progress of AD, thus eliminating its manifestation. It can be anticipated that this principle will apply to many other chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation, discovered in AD more than 30 years ago, has now become a major field of brain research today. Inhibiting it may be the key to successful treatment of many chronic neurological disorders.
Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction Using Voxel Method (2004)

A Voxel grid method combined with cut cells has been developed for simulating two-dimensional unsteady, viscous, and incompressible flows with arbitrary boundaries. The volume of fluid (VOF) approach based on finite volume method (FVM) is employed to accurately discretize the governing equation in Voxel cells that are cut by irregular boundaries. The precision of solution in the cut cells is ensured by special discretizations near the embedded boundaries. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are validated by simulating viscous flow around a stationary cylinder. Moreover, in order to verify the ability of this method to simulate the flow fields with arbitrarily moving boundaries, the fluid-structure interaction of bluff body in forced oscillation and vortex-induced vibration are also investigated by employing Voxel method developed in this paper, Calculation results show that lock-in phenomenon in wind engineering, in which the vortex-shedding is synchronized with the vibration of cylinder, is consistent with experimental data, the cylinder resonance state caused by vortex-induced vibration is also in reasonable agreement with results calculated by Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) finite element method (FEM)
Experimental Validation of a Nonlinear Slip Control for 4-Wheel Drive Full Electric Vehicles (2022)

Electric vehicles are becoming widely adopted; besides environmental advantages, electric power trains present peculiar characteristics that pave the way for reconsidering classical vehicle dynamics control (e.g. ABS, TC) and improving their performance. In this paper, we propose an ABS/TC system for full electric vehicles with 4-wheel drive. The regulator is derived from a nonlinear brake-based slip control. We modelled the wheel dynamics with an augmented single-corner model that includes the transmission, a crucial element. The controller has been tuned in simulation on the identified grey-box model and validated with an instrumented vehicle on ice and snow. It shows good performance relieving the driver of limiting the slips. The wheels are kept controlled and the magnitude of the average acceleration is increased with respect to professional driver performance.
A phosphorylation site in Bruton's tyrosine kinase selectively regulates B cell calcium signaling efficiency by altering phospholipase C-γ activation (2004)

Loss of function of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) causes X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency in mice (xid). By using MS analysis and phosphopeptide-specific antibodies, we identified a tyrosine phosphorylation site (Y617) near the carboxyl terminus of the Btk domain from Btk expressed in 293T as well as DT-40 cells. Y617 is conserved in all Tec family kinases except murine Tec. Replacement of Y617 with a negatively charged glutamic acid (E) suppressed Btk-mediated phospholipase Cgamma2 activation and calcium response in DT-40 cells, whereas Akt activation was not affected. The Btk Y617E mutant could partially restore conventional B cell development and proliferation in Btk(-)/Tec(-) mice but failed to rescue CD5(+) B-1 cell development and the TI-II immune response to 2,4,6,-trinitrophenyl-Ficoll. These data suggest that Y617 phosphorylation or a negative charge at this site may down-regulate the function of Btk by selectively suppressing the B cell calcium signaling pathway.
Evaluation of Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement for Vanadium Added Spring Steel with Tensile Strength of 2 GPa Class (2014)

The susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement for vanadium added spring steel (9254 V) with a tensile strength of 2 GPa class was evaluated by conventional strain rate tensile tests (CSRT) and torsion tests, using smooth specimens respectively. In the CSRT evaluation, the maximum tensile stress decreased with an increment in the diffusible hydrogen content, especially over 5.5 massppm the maximum tensile stress tended to fall off to the lower limit of 1.1 GPa and the fracture appearance changed to fully intergranular.On the other hand, in the torsion tests, the maximum shear stress hardly exhibited any decrease until the hydrogen content reached 6 massppm, where the cracking trace changed from shear plane (transverse direction of the specimen) to a resolved tensile stress plane (45º against the shear plane); fractgraphically, from micro-void coalescence (MVC) to intergranular fracture, and the torsional strength began to decrease.The resistance to hydrogen embrittlement as regards the CSRT properties of 9254 V was superior to that of vanadium-free SAE9254 but with the same tensile strength. Although the superior performance for 9254 V is partially attributable to the reduction of phosphorous and sulfur contents, it should be noted that the addition of vanadium causes refining the prior austenite grains followed by an effective reduction of the intergranular segregation in phosphorus and sulfur, and probably hydrogen trapping at the vanadium carbide interface. However, there was no difference between 9254 V and SAE9254 as regards the torsion properties insusceptible to hydrogen compared with CSRT.
Renal Artery Stenosis: A Common, Treatable Cause of Renal Failure? (2001)

Chronic azotemic renovascular disease is common in patients with atherosclerosis. Its prevalence appears to be increasing in the aging population. How often it is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not yet certain. Some studies suggest that 10%-40% of elderly hypertensive patients with newly documented ESRD and no demonstrable primary renal disease have significant renal artery stenosis (RAS). Atherosclerotic vascular occlusive disease of the renal arteries does progress, but current rates of progression and occlusion are lower than those reported a decade ago. Methods of identifying patients whose renal function is at true risk from vascular occlusive disease and determining who will benefit from intervention remain elusive. The presence of RAS in an azotemic patient can be assessed with noninvasive and risk-free radiologic techniques, including Duplex doppler velicometry and magnetic resonance angiography. Functional tests that predict the change in renal function after revascularization are not yet available. However, a renal length of greater than 7.5 cm in the absence of renal cysts and a short history of renal functional deterioration indicate a good prognosis. Patients with recent deterioration in renal function, those with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis to a single functioning kidney, those with flash pulmonary edema, advanced chronic renal failure, or ESRD (who have much to gain), those with reversible azotemia during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) therapy, and those whose conditions cannot be managed medically should be considered for revascularization. Results from recent controlled clinical trials of the response to percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty (PTRA) and stenting indicate that improvement in blood pressure control or renal function is not a predictable outcome of renal revascularization. In azotemic groups, 25%-30% of patients achieve important recovery of renal function. Thus, significant progress has been made recently in determining whether RAS is a frequent, treatable cause of renal failure. The decision to recommend revascularization remains a difficult balance between the risks and expense of the procedure and the undoubted benefits that accrue if renal function is successfully stabilized.
Lipopolysaccharide에 의한 BV2 세포의 염증 반응에 대한 파 추출물의 저해 활성 (2011)

Microglia are central nervous system (CNS)-resident professional macrophages that function as the principal immune cells responding to pathological stimulations in the CNS. Activation of microglia, induced by various pathogens, protects neurons and maintains homeostasis in the CNS, but severe activation causes inflammatory responses secreting various neurotoxic molecules such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Allium fistulosum, a member of the onion family, is mainly cultivated for consumption, as well as medicinal use in Oriental medicine. It has been reported that A. fistulosum has various biological effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-fungus and anti-cholesterol synthesis, however there has been no research about the anti-inflammatory effects of A. fistulosum extracts. In this study, it was undertaken to explore the functions of A. fistulosum as a suppressor of neuronal inflammation by using BV2 microglia cells. As a result, it was found that four kinds of extracts of A. fistulosum effectively reduced the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both mRNA and protein levels, and also attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the mRNA level in BV2 stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, the extracts of A. fistulosum attenuated the release of NO markedly, as well as resulting in slight decreases of TNF-α and IL-6 production, the effects of which were most significant when treated with ethyl alcohol extract from the whole A. fistulosum. In conclusion, the data indicated that the anti-inflammatory actions of A. fistulosum against BV2 microglia cells is through the down-regulation of iNOS, COX2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and these effects are expected to help in the protection of nerve tissues by suppressions of neuronal inflammation in various neurodegenerative diseases.
Shot Leveling and Focusing with Interferometry for Optical Lithography of Sub-Half-Micron LSI (1993)

This paper presents a shot-by-shot leveling applied to an i-line stepper system. This shot leveler utilizes laser interferometry with a laser beam that has S -polarization and a large incident angle to the exposure surface of the LSI wafer. Thereby leveling and focusing accuracy is preserved regardless of the wafer surface condition under the photoresist. This system acquires interference fringe data with charge-coupled device (CCD) line image detector, and extracts the fringe frequency and phase information with a fast-Fourier-transformation (FFT). These correspond to the tilt and height information of the photoresist surface. The performance was evaluated with 4M-DRAM process wafers. Tilt and height measurement linearity was proved to be ±2 µrad and ±0.3 µm respectively, and total leveling control accuracy was proved to be better than ±7 µrad.
Flow-through electroporation of mammalian cells in decoupled flow streams using microcapillaries (2014)

We report on reversible electroporation of cells in a flow-through microfluidic device, whereby the required electric field is delivered through a set of integrated microcapillaries between a centre stream of cells and side streams of liquid electrolytes. The electrolytes are applied with a sine wave voltage and cells flow by the microcapillary openings encounter a burst of ac field with a duration and strength determined by their average speed and spatial proximity to the microcapillary openings, respectively. Effectiveness of the approach is presented through numerical simulations and empirical results on electroporation efficiency and cell viability against various flow rates (exposure time to the field) as well as frequencies and root-mean-square (rms) intensities of the field. High frequencies (80-400 kHz) and high intensities (e.g., 1.6 kV/cm, rms) are identified with increased electroporation efficiency 61% and viability 86% on average. These results suggest that the device demonstrated here with a simple design and robust operation offers a viable platform for flow-through electroporation.
Xentrivalpeptides A–Q: Depsipeptide Diversification in Xenorhabdus (2012)

Seventeen depsipeptides, xentrivalpeptides A-Q (1-17), have been identified from an entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus sp. Whereas the structure of xentrivalpeptide A (1) was determined after its isolation by NMR spectroscopy and the advanced Marfey's method, the structures of all other derivatives were determined using a combination of stable isotope labeling and detailed MS analysis.
Structural basis for RNA-regulated gene expression (2005)

and the serine protease domain positioned on top. The structure of the individual apple domains is represented by a novel topological motif. The FXI structure combined with our previous structural analysis of the Glycoprotein Ib receptor domain [1] allows us to construct a model of the activating ternary complex formed with thrombin.
Cell blade based H.264 video encoding engine for large scale video surveillance applications (2010)

Video surveillance has become one of the most important tools for public safety and security. In this paper, we present our new work on developing efficient parallel computing algorithms and schemes for implementing H.264 video encoder engine on Cell Broadband Engine (CBE) blade for high performance large scale video surveillance applications. Extending our previous work on H.264 video encoding on CBE, we have developed new parallel computing schemes in computational load partition, dynamic task scheduling, motion estimation, and mode selection. We partition the intensive H.264 video encoding computation load into four major functional modules, namely, the pre-processing module, the motion estimation module, the mode selection and transform/quantization module, and the Context Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) module. The task scheduler dynamically assigns a waiting computing task to a SPE as soon as it becomes available. Our new implementation has achieved more than 5X performance improvement to encode 32 standard-definition (SD 720x480 pixel resolution) H.264 video streams simultaneously at 30 frames per second with one Cell Blade that consists of 16 Synergistic Processor Elements (SPEs) and two control Power Processor Elements (PPEs) or 448 SD channels of H.264 video streams on a single chassis Cell Blade Center with 14 Cell Blades.
Adherence of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci onto Polyethylene Catheters in vitro and in vivo: A Study on the Influence of various Plasma Proteins (1991)

Bacterial adherence on PE catheters inserted into the carotid artery of rabbits was assessed at 5, 30, and 240 min after injection with bacteria of five coagulase-negative staphylococci (CN Staph). These studies revealed that CN Staph adhere onto PE catheters 5 min after injection with bacteria. At 240 min after injection with bacteria almost all catheters were sterile, indicating that initially adherent bacteria on PE catheters disappear with time. EM studies revealed high numbers of platelets and leukocytes and many fibrin deposits on the surface of the PE catheter. In addition, the adherence of the five test strains on PE catheters was determined in vitro. In these in vitro studies the bacteria and catheters were pretreated with either fibrinogen, fibronectin, albumin or citrated whole plasma or the liquid adherence medium was supplemented with these proteins or the adherence assay was done in citrated whole plasma. The presence of proteins in the adherence medium or pretreatment of the catheter or bacteria with either fibronectin, albumin or whole citrated plasma markedly inhibited bacterial adherence. In contrast, pretreatment of bacteria or both bacteria and catheters with fibrinogen enhanced bacterial adherence suggesting the presence of ligands for fibrinogen on the cell surface of CN Staph.
Qualitative Risk Assessment and HAZOP Study of a Glass Manufacturing Industry (2017)

In the recent years, many industries have realized that maintaining good occupational health and safety is as equally important in accordance to production requirement. Hence there has been much scope for the risk assessment in order to protect the workers’ health and safety at workplace. Risk assessment is a process where the Identified hazards are evaluated to determine the potential cause of an accident and further to reduce to the lowest reasonable risk level to protect worker’s health and safety. It is a part of risk management. Risk assessment can be categorized into Qualitative and Quantitative risk assessment which is being carried out using different techniques. In this paper, an attempt has been made to carry a Qualitative risk assessment i.e. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment and HAZOP study for the identified critical areas of a glass manufacturing industry. From the results obtained from this study, Physical Hazard is 47%, Ergonomic Hazard is 10%, Chemical Hazard is 9%, Electrical Hazard 2%, Biological Hazard 3%, Thermal Hazard is 29% etc. Risks are also categorized into Low, Medium and High risks which 12.09%, 45.05% and 42.06% respectively. Hazard analysis from the design intent for Silane and ethylene gas station is also studied using a HAZOP technique. Some of the control valves are suggested to install before the gas filter. ALOHA is also used to simulate the model to analyse the impact due to leakage from the various potential hole area in the natural gas pipeline. Leakage from the larger hole of about 324.51 sq.cm has shown the high hazardous zone - death to human beings i.e.12m down the line in the wind direction. However, periodical maintenance and monitoring of the Natural gas distribution pipelines along with Gas detection system and fire hydrant system with sprinklers can prevent the disaster.
The Modified Object Buffer: A Storage Management Technique for Object-Oriented Databases (1995)

Object-oriented databases store many small objects on disks.Disks perform poorly when reading and writing individual small objects.This thesis presents a new storage management architecture that substantially improves disk performance of a distributed object-oriented database system.The storage architecture is built around a large modified object buffer (MOB) that is stored in primary memory.The MOB provides volatile storage for modified objects.Modified objects are placed in the MOB instead of being immediately written out to disk.Modifications are written to disk lazily as the MOB fills up and space is required for new modifications.The MOB improves performance because even if an object is modified many times in a short period of time, the object has to be written out to disk only once.Furthermore, by the time an object modification has to be flushed from the MOB, many modifications to other objects on the same page may have accumulated.All of these modifications can be written to disk with a single disk write.This thesis evaluates the modified object buffer in combination with a number of disk layout policies that make different tradeoffs between read performance and write performance.The MOB has been implemented as part of the Thor object-oriented database.Results from simulations and from this implementation show that the MOB improves the performance of a read-optimized disk layout that preserves clustering by over 200%.As a result, the read-optimized disk layout consistently out-performs a write-optimized disk layout that does not preserve clustering.The readoptimized disk layout provides better overall performance on a wide range of workloads, including workloads that write a lot of data.Performance results also show that for typical object-oriented database access patterns, the modified object buffer architecture out-performs the traditional page based organization of server memory used in many databases and file systems.