gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Agonist Surrobody Simultaneously Activates Death Receptors DR4 and DR5 to Induce Cancer Cell Death (2015)

Death receptors of the TNF family are found on the surface of most cancer cells and their activation typically kills cancer cells through the stimulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The endogenous ligand for death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5) is TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL (Apo2L). As most untransformed cells are not susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, death receptor activators have emerged as promising cancer therapeutic agents. One strategy to stimulate death receptors in cancer patients is to use soluble human recombinant TRAIL protein, but this agent has limitations of a short half-life and decoy receptor sequestration. Another strategy that attempted to evade decoy receptor sequestration and to provide improved pharmacokinetic properties was to generate DR4 or DR5 agonist antibodies. The resulting monoclonal agonist antibodies overcame the limitations of short half-life and avoided decoy receptor sequestration, but are limited by activating only one of the two death receptors. Here, we describe a DR4 and DR5 dual agonist produced using Surrobody technology that activates both DR4 and DR5 to induce apoptotic death of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and also avoids decoy receptor sequestration. This fully human anti-DR4/DR5 Surrobody displays superior potency to DR4- and DR5-specific antibodies, even when combined with TRAIL-sensitizing proapoptotic agents. Moreover, cancer cells were less likely to acquire resistance to Surrobody than either anti-DR4 or anti-DR5 monospecific antibodies. Taken together, Surrobody shows promising preclinical proapoptotic activity against cancer cells, meriting further exploration of its potential as a novel cancer therapeutic agent.
Super-resolution Using Flow Estimation in Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging (2019)

Ultrasound localization microscopy offers new radiation-free diagnostic tools for vascular imaging deep within the tissue. Despite its high spatial resolution, low microbubble concentrations dictate the acquisition of tens of thousands of images, over the course of several seconds to tens of seconds, to produce a single super-resolved image. To address this limitation, sparsity-based approaches have recently been proposed to significantly reduce the total acquisition time, by resolving the vasculature in settings with considerable microbubble overlap. Here, we report on initial results of improving the spatial resolution and visual vascular reconstruction quality of sparsity-based super-resolution ultrasound imaging from low frame-rate acquisitions, by exploiting the inherent kinematics of microbubbles' flow. Our method relies on simultaneous tracking and sparsity-based detection of individual microbubbles.
Is Fasting Leptin Associated With Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic I n d i v i d u a l s (1999)

dent of the effects of hyperinsulinemia and adiposity is an important unanswered question. We examined the relationship between the rate of insulin-mediated glucose uptake and serum leptin concentrations among nondiabetic men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — A cross-sectional analysis was perf o rm e d among 49 young to middle-aged men and women who participated in the Miami Community Health Study. All participants had measures of insulin resistance (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), postchallenge insulin levels, fasting serum leptin levels, and several measures of adiposity. R E S U LT S — The rate of insulin-mediated glucose uptake (M in milligrams per kilogram per minute) was significantly associated with leptin concentrations in both men (r = 20.83; P , 0.001) and women (r = 20.59; P , 0.001). M was also inversely related to percent body fat and to the 2-h insulin area under the curve (AUC). After covariate adjustment for sex, perc e n t body fat, and AUC, leptin remained a significant correlate of M (P = 0.04). C O N C L U S I O N S — C ro s s - s e c t i o n a l l y, leptin was significantly associated with insulin re s i stance in this nondiabetic sample of men and women. There may be a diff e rent physiological mechanism to explain the leptin/insulin resistance association apart from the insulin/adiposity link. Confirm a t o ry evidence awaits the results of clinical trials.
Receptors for secretin, helodermin, VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), PHI and GRF (growth hormone releasing factot) in the rat pancreas (1985)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
In situcontrolled and conformal coating of polydimethylsiloxane foams with silver nanoparticle networks with tunable piezo-resistive properties (2022)

Nanoparticle-polymer composites hold promise in enabling material functionalities that are difficult to achieve otherwise, yet are hampered to date by the scarce control and tunability of the nanoparticle collective properties on the polymer surface, especially for polymer foams featuring a complex three-dimensional pore network. Here we report on the controlled and conformal <i>in situ</i> coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foams with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with surface coverage finely tunable over a large range, from 0 to 75%, <i>via</i> the one-step room temperature reduction of AgF directly on the PDMS surface. This enables the design of AgNP electrical networks on the PDMS foam surface with piezo-resistive properties tunable up to a factor of 1000. We leveraged the control of the piezoresistive properties of the AgNP electrical network formed on PDMS foams to fabricate flexible and wearable pressure sensors with sensitivity of 0.41 kPa<sup>-1</sup>, an operation range >120 kPa, and a detection limit of 25 Pa. As a proof-of-concept application in wearable biomedical electronics, we successfully used the sensors to monitor the real-time radial artery pulse wave on the human wrist of a young male with high resolution.
Baker's Yeast Adenlate Kinase (1983)

The diastereomers of adenosine 5′‐ O ‐(1‐thiotriphosphate) ATPαS) and adenosine 5′‐ O ‐(2‐thiotriphosphate) (ATPβS) were used to determine the stereochemical mode of coordination of Mg 2+ to ATP when bound in the yeast adenylate kinase complex. ATPαS isomer A is the preferred substrate either in the presence of Mg 2+ or Cd 2+ ; ratios of the rate of reaction at infinite concentration of substrate, V , for A to B isomers of ATPαS with Mg 2+ were 457/51.4 = 8.9 and with Cd 2+ 124/12.8 = 9.7. Thus there is no reversal of stereospecificity on substituting Cd 2+ for Mg 2+ and this supports the view that metal does not chelate with the α‐P. In contrast the V ratios of ATPβS(A) to ATPβS(B) with Mg 2+ were 1.33/0.15 = 8.9 and with Cd 2+ 0.18/5.1 = 0.035. Thus this reversal of stereospecificity when Cd 2+ is substituted for Mg 2+ (in view of the fact that Mg 2+ binds to O and Cd 2+ to S) leads to the conclusion that a metal chelation must occur via the β‐phosphate. Since the enzyme prefers MgATPβS(A) and CdATPβS(B) (both isomers have Δ‐screw sense) to MgATPβS(B) and CdATPβS(A) (both isomers have Δ‐screw sense) and Mg 2+ also coordinates with the γ‐phosphate (by analogy with other adenylate kinase isozymes), the interpretation is that baker' yeast adenylate kinase binds MgATP as Δ, β, γ. The fluorescence of the two residues of yeast adenylate kinase has been used to investigate conformational changes of the enzyme on binding its substrates. Fluorescene is maximal at 334 nm (λ exx 295 nm, pH 7.5) and is reduced 10% with no shift in λ max in the presence of ATP and reduced a further 15% on the addition of Mg 2+ or other metal acitvators to E‐ATP. In contrast non‐activating metals such as Ba 2+ and Sr 2+ increase quenching only slightly. With ITP, UTP, CTP, GTP the quenching is 4.1%, 5.2%, 8.7% and 6.6% with or without Mg 2+ . Differential conformational changes of yeast adenylate kinase on binding MgATP, ATP, and other nucleotides are shown by (a) fluorescence changes, (b) previously reported kinetic and binding studied and (c) by the fact that the K m for AMP in the presence of MgATP is 17 times less than in the presence of MgGTP. These differential conformational changes result in differing tendencies of AMP to bind to the enzyme. Ultraviolet difference spectra obtained on binding of ATP to the enzyme (shoulder at 271 nm and peak at 276 nm) have been compared with the difference spectra of the interaction of ATP, adenosine and 1‐methyl adensoine respectiively with methyl mercuric hydroxide and formaldehyde. On the basis of these comparisons, the shoulder at 271 nm reflects the interaction of N(1) and the peak at 276 nm the interaction of tthe 6‐amino group of ATP with the enyzme. The following mechanism of reaction is proposed: upon binding MgATP the enzyme undergoes a conformational change which closes the active‐site crevice by bringing the two lobes closer, expelling water from the crevice. AMP is bound with higher affinity and the α‐oxygen and the α‐oxygen attacks the γ‐phosphate of ATP in a nucleophilic reaction.
Locally Decodable Codes From Nice Subsets of Finite Fields and Prime Factors of Mersenne Numbers (2008)

A k-query locally decodable code (LDC) encodes an n-bit message x as an N-bit codeword $C(x)$, such that one can probabilistically recover any bit $x_i$ of the message by querying only k bits of the codeword $C(x)$, even after some constant fraction of codeword bits has been corrupted. The major goal of LDC related research is to establish the optimal trade-off between length and query complexity of such codes. Recently vast improvements in upper bounds for the length of LDCs were achieved via constructions that rely on existence of certain special (“nice”) subsets of finite fields. In this work we extend the constructions of LDCs from “nice” subsets. We argue that further progress on upper bounds for LDCs via these methods is tied to progress on an old number theory question regarding the size of the largest prime factors of Mersenne numbers. Specifically, we show that every Mersenne number $m=2^t-1$ that has a prime factor $p>m^\gamma$ yields a family of $k(\gamma)$-query LDCs of length $\exp(n^{1/t})$. Conversely, if for some fixed k and all $\epsilon>0$ one can use the “nice” subsets technique to obtain a family of k-query LDCs of length $\exp(n^\epsilon)$, then infinitely many Mersenne numbers have prime factors larger than currently known.
0.12 µm Optical Lithography Performances Using an Alternating Deep UV Phase Shift Mask (1998)

Manufacturing the next generation of devices will demand lithographic capability in the sub-0.18 µm range. The phase shift mask (PSM) is a key emerging technology which is thought to extend 248 nm optical lithography. Using the Levenson PSM technique allows us to improve resolution by as much as 50% at gate level. This paper describes the lithographic performances of the Shipley UV5 photoresist on SiO x N y bottom antireflective coating (BARC), using alternating PSM and an ASM/90 Deep UV stepper. Critical dimension (CD) measurement was done on an OPAL 7830i metrology scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results on sub-0.18 µm design rules are presented as follows. –The first part concerns experimental conditions: masks, process conditions, anti-reflective substrates, etching and metrology are discussed. –The second part concerns lithographic performances: process linearity from 0.12 µm to 0.18 µm, 0.12 µm isolated line process latitudes of 7% energy latitude for 0.8 µm depth of focus (DOF) have been exhibited. Finally we try to evaluate the proximity effect and the ultimate resolution of this technology.
Patents, economics, and pandemics (2020)

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly killed hundreds of thousands across an unprepared world, destroyed the livelihoods of millions, and cost trillions of dollars, nations must now expand their mindsets and focus not only on overcoming the next phases but also on long-range strategies—for this and for future pandemics. The world needs a permanent preparedness enterprise to engage in a sustained effort to avert pandemics, and provide for the affordable and widespread administration of vaccines and therapies when they are discovered.
Tunable and Broadband Plasmonic Absorption via Dispersible Nanoantennas with Sub‐10 nm Gaps (2013)

Plasmonic nanoparticles have traditionally been associated with relatively narrow absorption profiles. But, for many of the most exciting potential applications for these particles, such as solar energy applications, broadband absorption is desirable. By utilizing on-wire lithography, nanostructures which absorb light through the visible and near-IR portions of the electromagnetic spectrum can be synthesized.
Droplet microfluidics platform for highly sensitive and quantitative detection of malaria-causing plasmodium parasites based on enzyme activity measurement (2012)

We present an attractive new system for the specific and sensitive detection of the malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites. The system relies on isothermal conversion of single DNA cleavage–ligation events catalyzed specifically by the Plasmodium enzyme topoisomerase I to micrometer-sized products detectable at the single-molecule level. Combined with a droplet microfluidics lab-on-a-chip platform, this design allowed for sensitive, specific, and quantitative detection of all human-malaria-causing Plasmodium species in single drops of unprocessed blood with a detection limit of less than one parasite/μL. Moreover, the setup allowed for detection of Plasmodium parasites in noninvasive saliva samples from infected patients. During recent years malaria transmission has declined worldwide, and with this the number of patients with low-parasite density has increased. Consequently, the need for accurate detection of even a few parasites is becoming increasingly important for the continued combat against the disease. We believe that the presented droplet microfluidics platform, which has a high potential for adaptation to point-of-care setups suitable for low-resource settings, may contribute significantly to meet this demand. Moreover, potential future adaptation of the presented setup for the detection of other microorganisms may form the basis for the development of a more generic platform for diagnosis, fresh water or food quality control, or other purposes within applied or basic science.
A Design of Low-Projection SCMA Codebooks for Ultra-Low Decoding Complexity in Downlink IoT Networks (2023)

This paper conceives a novel sparse code multiple access (SCMA) codebook design which is motivated by the strong need for providing ultra-low decoding complexity and good error performance in downlink Internet-of-things (IoT) networks, in which a massive number of low-end and low-cost IoT communication devices are served. By focusing on the typical Rician fading channels, we analyze the pair-wise error probability of superimposed SCMA codewords and then deduce the design metrics for multi-dimensional constellation construction and sparse codebook optimization. For significant reduction of the decoding complexity, we advocate the key idea of projecting the multi-dimensional constellation elements to a few overlapped complex numbers in each dimension, called low projection (LP). An emerging modulation scheme, called golden angle modulation (GAM), is considered for multi-stage LP optimization, where the resultant multi-dimensional constellation is called LP-GAM. Our analysis and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed LP codebooks (LPCBs) including one-shot decoding convergence and excellent error rate performance. In particular, the proposed LPCBs lead to decoding complexity reduction by at least 97% compared to that of the conventional codebooks, whilst owning large minimum Euclidean distance. Some examples of the proposed LPCBs are available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/ethanlq/SCMA-codebook</uri> .
Early Casualties in Five PV Plants in France: A Sustainability Perspective on Complete PV Fault Diagnostics for Revamping (2020)

In this paper, we present the key findings of a complete diagnostic study on five utility-scale PV plants of an overall 29 MW installed capacity, which were inaugurated and have been operating in France the last 7 years. The diagnostic measurements were implemented by means of drone-based aerial infrared (IR) imaging, coupled with auxiliary ground-based I-V tracing and visual inspections. On this basis, we performed detailed fault classification and power analysis, where we uncovered several early reliability issues and failures on both module and system/balanceof-system (BOS) level. Today, the majority of PV modules being decommissioned with such failures, simply enter the waste stream and are either disposed as waste (in their majority) or recycled. In our case, nearly 80% of these failures were identified as repairable, whereas the associated power losses were quantified and (where applicable) fully recovered. In such way, we also highlight importance of the sustainability perspective and, thus, of streamlined endof-life (EoL) management, in PV operations and maintenance (O&amp;M).
Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Correlation of Ionic Conductivity with Nanoscale Morphology and Counterion Volume (2017)

The impact of the chemical structure on ion transport, nanoscale morphology, and dynamics in polymerized imidazolium-based ionic liquids is investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray scattering, complemented with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Anion volume is found to correlate strongly with <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>-independent ionic conductivities spanning more than 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, a systematic increase in alkyl side chain length results in about one decade decrease in <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>-independent ionic conductivity correlating with an increase in the characteristic backbone-to-backbone distances found from scattering and simulations. The quantitative comparison between ion sizes, morphology, and ionic conductivity underscores the need for polymerized ionic liquids with small counterions and short alkyl side chain length in order to obtain polymer electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity.
The Fight against Poliovirus Is Not Over (2023)

Poliovirus (PV), the virus that causes both acute poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome, is classified within the Enterovirus C species, and there are three wild PV serotypes: WPV1, WPV2 and WPV3. The launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988 eradicated two of the three serotypes of WPV (WPV2 and WPV3). However, the endemic transmission of WPV1 persists in Afghanistan and Pakistan in 2022. There are cases of paralytic polio due to the loss of viral attenuation in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), known as vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). Between January 2021 and May 2023, a total of 2141 circulating VDPV (cVDPV) cases were reported in 36 countries worldwide. Because of this risk, inactivated poliovirus (IPV) is being used more widely, and attenuated PV2 has been removed from OPV formulations to obtain bivalent OPV (containing only types 1 and 3). In order to avoid the reversion of attenuated OPV strains, the new OPV, which is more stable due to genome-wide modifications, as well as sabin IPV and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, is being developed and offers promising solutions for eradicating WP1 and VDPV.
High Resolution Spintronics Probe-Array Technology Solutions for Very Near-Field Scanning (2021)

New integrated high-resolution Spintronics Probe-Array at nanometric and micronic scales are proposed for very-near field (VNF) scanning and OTA-testing of electronic circuits and radiating systems. The proposed technology solutions lead to small dimensions (micrometric range), reduced cost, and high magnetic field sensitivity at room temperature with tunability through smart-adaptive-biasing control. The measured performances exhibit improvements in terms of accuracy and thermal stability outperforming state of the art sensors based on SQUID techniques, Josephson junctions or loops-based technologies. Porting of chemically functionalized Spintronics into advanced FD-SOI platforms is proposed as an enabler of hybrid interferometric Thermal-Electromagnetic sensing based on unified analog-digital image-correlators using ASIC-System on a Chip (ASIC-SoC) integration solutions.
What Controls the Hybridization Thermodynamics of Spherical Nucleic Acids?* (2020)

The\nhybridization of free oligonucleotides to densely packed, oriented\narrays of DNA modifying the surfaces of spherical nucleic acid (SNA)–gold\nnanoparticle conjugates occurs with negative cooperativity; i.e.,\neach binding event destabilizes subsequent binding events. DNA hybridization\nis thus an ever-changing function of the number of strands already\nhybridized to the particle. Thermodynamic quantification of this behavior\nreveals a 3 orders of magnitude decrease in the binding constant for\nthe capture of a free oligonucleotide by an SNA conjugate as the fraction\nof pre-hybridized strands increases from 0 to ∼30%. Increasing\nthe number of pre-hybridized strands imparts an increasing enthalpic\npenalty to hybridization that makes binding more difficult, while\nsimultaneously decreasing the entropic penalty to hybridization, which\nmakes binding more favorable. Hybridization of free DNA to an SNA\nis thus governed by both an electrostatic barrier as the SNA accumulates\ncharge with additional binding events and an effect consistent with\nallostery, where hybridization at certain sites on an SNA modify the\nbinding affinity at a distal site through conformational changes to\nthe remaining single strands. Leveraging these insights allows for\nthe design of conjugates that hybridize free strands with significantly\nhigher efficiencies, some of which approach 100%.
An Automation Framework for Benchmarking and Optimizing Performance of Remote Desktops in the Cloud (2017)

In the current trend of moving everything into the cloud, cloud-based remote desktops are not an exception. Benchmarking virtual remote desktops for performance optimization is an important task for the successful development and deployment planning of virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) used to deliver remote desktops. This task is very challenging at cloud scale because of rapid evolution of VDI software architectures with a very large number of remote desktops to be managed. In this paper, we present a new framework for evaluating VDI performance that has the capabilities of simulating real world VDI workloads and measuring important performance metrics at scale. Its design aims to provide facilities to easily automate the performance benchmarking tasks and the flexibility of adapting to changes in VDI software architecture, which are two major limitations of the existing solution. For evaluation, we present performance results of this framework.