gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatic-aberration-corrected diffractive lenses for ultra-broadband focusing (2016)

We exploit the inherent dispersion in diffractive optics to demonstrate planar chromatic-aberration-corrected lenses. Specifically, we designed, fabricated and characterized cylindrical diffractive lenses that efficiently focus the entire visible band (450 nm to 700 nm) onto a single line. These devices are essentially pixelated, multi-level microstructures. Experiments confirm an average optical efficiency of 25% for a three-wavelength apochromatic lens whose chromatic focus shift is only 1.3 μm and 25 μm in the lateral and axial directions, respectively. Super-achromatic performance over the continuous visible band is also demonstrated with averaged lateral and axial focus shifts of only 1.65 μm and 73.6 μm, respectively. These lenses are easy to fabricate using single-step grayscale lithography and can be inexpensively replicated. Furthermore, these devices are thin (<3 μm), error tolerant, has low aspect ratio (<1:1) and offer polarization-insensitive focusing, all significant advantages compared to alternatives that rely on metasurfaces. Our design methodology offers high design flexibility in numerical aperture and focal length, and is readily extended to 2D.
Spinel optics for high energy lasers (2019)

Transparent magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) ceramic has excellent transmission from the UV to mid-wave IR. It is rugged with strength that is 5x that of glass. Spinel is being developed as a sensor window for numerous military platforms. At the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), we have focused on process developments to facilitate wider acceptance of spinel for various applications. These developments include purification of spinel to reduce the absorption and scattering losses for use as an exit aperture on High Energy Laser (HEL) systems and various cost-effective densification methods to reduce manufacturing costs. In this paper, we will provide an update on some of the ongoing spinel activities at NRL.
Heterogeneous reactions of HOI on substrates of atmospheric importance (1999)

Experiments have been conducted in a Knudsen cell flow reactor in order to investigate the heterogeneous interaction of HOI on water ice and sulfuric acid at temperatures relevant to the lower stratosphere. They reveal a nonreactive uptake on ice whose rate is temperature independent in the range 180–200 K, whereas a negative temperature dependence has been observed in the range 195–250 K on liquid sulfuric acid. Two processes take place at the interface, namely, decomposition of HOI resulting in the formation of I 2 and partial loss of HOI in the condensed phase without the apparent formation of a product. This latter fraction of HOI could not be retrieved by conversion to ICl or IBr upon addition of HCl or HBr. The heterogeneous reactions of HOI with alkali salts at ambient temperature have also been studied. HOI is found to interact reactively with KBr with an uptake coefficient γ = (6±2) × 10 −2 . I 2 is observed as the main product, but IBr has also been detected at a branching ratio of approximately 6:1. Implications for atmospheric chemistry are briefly discussed.
New Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 4β-O-Propenylpodophyllotoxin Ethers (1999)

Abstract 4β-0-Propenylethers of podophyllotoxin 3a-e were prepared from 4-chIoro-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin 2 and allylic alcohols. Cytotoxicity of these compounds against KB cells is reported.
A one-layer model of laser-induced fluorescence for diagnosis of disease in human tissue: applications to atherosclerosis (1989)

This paper describes a general model of tissue fluorescence which can be used both to: 1) determine chemical and physical properties of the tissue, and 2) design an optimal algorithm for clinical diagnosis of tissue composition. This model is based on a picture of tissue as a single, optically thick layer, in which fluorophores and absorbing species are homogeneously distributed. As a specific example, the model is applied to the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) of normal and atherosclerotic human aorta using 476 nm excitation. Methods for determining the relevant attenuation and fluorescence lineshapes are detailed, and these lineshapes are used to apply the model to data from 148 samples. The model parameters are related to the concentrations of the major arterial chromophores: structural proteins, hemoglobin and ceroid. In addition, the model parameters are used to derive diagnostic algorithms for the presence of atherosclerosis. Utilizing a binary classification scheme, the presence or absence of pathology was determined correctly in 88 percent of cases.
Rotational spectra and structures of the OC– and H3N–HCN–HF trimers: Coaxial mixing nozzle for reactive species (1990)

Rotational spectra are reported for several isotopic species of the OC–and H3N–HCN–HF heterotrimers, detected with a pulsed nozzle, Fourier transform, Balle/Flygare microwave spectrometer. Rotational constants for the main isotopic species of the OC trimer are a B0 of 615.574 MHz and DJ of 251 Hz, and for H3N, a symmetric top, a B0 of 1067.161 MHz and DJ and DJK of 0.40 and 63 kHz. Their structures are composites of those reported for the X–HCN and HCN–HF dimers. They are effectively axially symmetric but have some shrinkage from the distances in the dimers. The shrinkages found in r1, the c.m. to c.m. distance for X–HCN are 0.070 and 0.098 Å for X=OC and H3N, respectively, and in r2 for HCN–HF, 0.033 and 0.027 Å. The 14N and H–F hyperfine interactions in OC–HCN–HF are the same as those reported for the HCN–HF dimer. Detection of the X=OC and H3N trimers out of the many species possible required care in their generation. Both were favored by the strongly bonded HCN–HF subunit. The OC–HCN–HF was further enhanced by using a high concentration of CO in the gas expansion. For H3N–HCN–HF a coaxial mixing nozzle was developed to avoid the formation of NH4F(s). The selectivity and simplicity of the nozzle should be helpful in extending the range of species observable with pulsed nozzles.
Optimal biphasic waveforms for internal defibrillation using a 60 muF capacitor. (2002)

The optimal capacitance for defibrillation is calculated to be 40 to 80 muF by theoretical models, assuming a heart chronaxie of 2 to 4 ms and a mean impedance of 40 ohms. The 60 muF capacitor is optimal for providing maximum defibrillation efficacy, which can reduce defibrillation energy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the optimal tilt to maximize defibrillation efficacy in a 60/60 muF biphasic waveform and to compare these waveforms with an optimized 60/15 muF waveform. The defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) were evaluated for five different 60/60 muF biphasic waveforms having 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% phase 1 tilt and a 60/15 muF biphasic waveform having 50% phase 1 tilt with a hot can electrode system in 15 pigs (20+/-2 kg). Phase 2 pulse widths were held constant at 3 ms in all waveforms. The DFT was measured by 'down-up, down-up' technique and was random in each waveform. The DFT energy in 60/60 muF waveforms (40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%) and a 60/15 muF waveform (50%) were 6.9*, 6.9*, 7.1*, 7.8*, 8.4* and 6.0, respectively (*P<0.05 versus 60/15 muF waveform). A phase 1 tilt of 40% to 50% maximizes defibrillation efficacy for biphasic waveforms using 60/60 muF capacitors. Additionally, switching to a 15 muF capacitor for phase 2 can further reduce the DFT energy.
Fas and Fas ligand expression is elevated in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma (2002)

Data from the current study indicate that Fas/Fas ligand is elevated in prostatic malignancy, suggesting that Fas-mediated apoptosis may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Preparation Methods of V‐Mg‐O Catalysts on Their Catalytic Properties for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions Mediated by a New Class of Bicyclic Bisphosphinites. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data Supplement from Comprehensive Biomarker Analysis and Final Efficacy Results of Sorafenib in the BATTLE Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene sets associated with sensitivity.&lt;/p&gt;
Using Self-Assembled Monolayers To Understand α8β1-Mediated Cell Adhesion to RGD and FEI Motifs in Nephronectin (2011)

Nephronectin is an extracellular matrix protein that interacts with the α8β1 integrin receptor and plays a role in tissue and organ development, though the motifs that mediate adhesion to the receptor remain unclear. This paper describes the use of self-assembled monolayers to study the adhesion of α8β1-presenting cells to the RGD and DLFEIFEIER ligands in nephronectin and found that both ligands can independently mediate cell adhesion through nonoverlapping binding sites on the integrin. Peptide truncation experiments showed FEI to be the minimal binding sequence within the DLFEIFEIER sequence, and adhesion experiments with peptides that include both the RGD and FEI sequences demonstrate that the two peptides bind synergistically to the receptor. Finally, a peptide array was used to establish a strict requirement for the glutamate residue of FEI and tolerance of other aromatic and hydrophobic residues in the first and third positions, respectively. This work provides an enhanced understanding of the binding of nephronectin with α8β1 and identifies a peptide ligand that can be used for targeting the α8β1 integrin.
Data from Molecular Imaging of the Efficacy of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors in Living Subjects (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α)/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions are crucial for proper folding of proteins involved in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors block Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions in part by preventing ATP binding to Hsp90. The importance of isoform-selective Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions in determining the sensitivity to Hsp90 was examined using 293T human kidney cancer cells stably expressing split &lt;i&gt;Renilla&lt;/i&gt; luciferase (RL) reporters. Interactions between Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 in the split RL reporters led to complementation of RL activity, which was determined by bioluminescence imaging of intact cells in cell culture and living mice using a cooled charge-coupled device camera. The three geldanamycin-based and seven purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors led to different levels of inhibition of complemented RL activities (10–70%). However, there was no isoform selectivity to both classes of Hsp90 inhibitors in cell culture conditions. The most potent Hsp90 inhibitor, PU-H71, however, led to a 60% and 30% decrease in RL activity (14 hr) in 293T xenografts expressing Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 split reporters respectively, relative to carrier control–treated mice. Molecular imaging of isoform-specific Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions and efficacy of different classes of Hsp90 inhibitors in living subjects have been achieved with a novel genetically encoded reporter gene strategy that should help in accelerating development of potent and isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibitors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):216–26]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A revolutionary optical hyper data center using ultra-high data rate laser communications (2020)

LyteLoop is developing data storage in motion using Petabyte per second data rate optical communications in 4 domains: space, fiber, and two free space vacuum cavities. The amount of data in the world is expanding exponentially. 90% of the world’s data has been created in the last 2 years. 4-5% of the world’s power is currently being used by data storage and computing. We need more efficient methods of data storage. Physical sites can be subject to attack, and to local laws. Data storage that avoids these constraints is desirable. This is a revolutionary approach to data storage, using optical communications as a base. Data is not stored in an object. It is stored in motion between objects. The speed of light is fast, so to store data in motion we need very high data rates, and very long paths. LyteLoop has had an operating system using fiber and is currently building a free-space storage prototype. The current fiber system stores &gt; 1 GByte, using 2000 Km of fiber, and is allowing us data center like writing and retrieval experience. Multiple patents have been filed, and some granted. One of the patent-pending concepts is called angle multiplexing, a method of dramatically increasing path length over a free-space path among multiple optical apertures. Another patent pending concept is the savings that will occur because we can have optical loops in a single location.
Friction Reducers Fresh Rheological Insights Married to Performance (2014)

Abstract Rheological experiments have been conducted with commercial and experimental friction reducers indicating certain profiles are advantageous for performance. In these profiles the factors of time and concentration are important in predicting the maximum performance window. These windows become apparent without the use of sophisticated rheological instrumentation. The viscosity profile of a friction reducer is dependent on factors such as polymer charge, charge distribution, molecular weight, polymer concentration, solvent properties, specific shear rate and time. Often it is difficult to measure properties such as molecular weight and viscosity, both quite sensitive to the specific test method and many assumptions are made. In this study, the viscosity of the system depends on the shear history, concentration, and time of measurement. Most traditional viscosity methods assume a thermodynamic definition of polymer configuration. This assumption is valid for measurement of friction reduction after significant duration. However, in a hydraulic fracture, this time may not be realized during the volumetric transfer of the fluid from the pumps to the perforations. In a recirculating friction loop measurement, the friction reduction performance of an ideal candidate rapidly increases and then sometimes diminishes with recirculation time. A possible correspondence between this phenomenon can be linked to the measurement conducted in this study. Shear rate sweeps were conducted on a variety of synthetic polymers with a Couette rheometer and a microchip rheometer. Variables studied were polymer type, concentration, shear history, time, solvent, make-down procedure, and atmosphere. Both inverse emulsion and dry friction reducers were studied. Friction reduction was measured on a once through system. From this study, ideal friction reducer candidates can be selected by simply and rapidly examining the rheological profile and rheological nuances realized when conducting the measurements. When choosing an ideal friction reducer, it must perform rapidly and maintain the necessary friction reduction required for the time frame needed.
Abstract 3521: Glutamine metabolic inhibition synergizes with L-asparaginase in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (2018)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Though it accounts for about 10% of pediatric cancers, it is disproportionately responsible for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. MYCN is amplified in 20% of neuroblastomas and correlates with adverse outcome. MYCN is involved in the maintenance of cancer stem cells, as well as in driving tumor cell growth, proliferation and tumorigenesis. Attempts to inhibit MYCN directly have been largely unsuccessful. MYCN is known to drive tumor cell reliance on glutamine for cellular metabolism. 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) is a well-characterized glutamine analogue that inhibits glutamine metabolism by irreversibly inactivating multiple glutamine-utilizing enzymes. DON was well tolerated in a previous phase I clinical trial in pediatric patients, but it has never been systematically tested in neuroblastoma patients. We show that MYCN-amplification confers sensitivity to DON therapy in in vitro models of neuroblastoma, and that DON administered by intraperitoneal injection twice weekly significantly reduces flank tumor volume in orthotopic mouse models of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (mean tumor volume 1715 mm3 vs. 207 mm3 in control animals, p-value = 0.00017 by t-test). We have also developed an orally bioavailable DON prodrug, JHU083, and we found that this drug administered orally three times weekly was similarly able to suppress neuroblastoma tumor growth in mice (mean tumor volume 1,115 mm3 vs. 217 mm3 in control animals, p-value = 0.0000088 by t-test). In metabolic flux experiments, tracing glutamine and glucose donation of 13C and 15N via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, DON prevents asparagine synthesis, depleting intracellular asparagine levels by 40% compared to control treated cells (p-value = 0.006). DON combined with L-asparaginase synergistically inhibits growth of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines (CI = 0.25 by the Chou-Talalay method, indicating strong synergy; p-value = 0.00011). We conclude that DON depletes cellular pools of asparagine, and combination therapy with DON and L-asparaginase synergistically inhibits the growth of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. These studies provide the preclinical justification for potential clinical trials for the use of DON or DON prodrugs in combination with L-asparaginase as new therapeutic options for patients with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Micah J. Maxwell, Brad Poore, Allison Hanaford, Jesse Alt, Rana Rais, Barbara S. Slusher, Charles G. Eberhart, Eric H. Raabe. Glutamine metabolic inhibition synergizes with L-asparaginase in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3521.
Quantification of Large Deformation with Punching in Dual Phase Steel and Change of its Microstructure –Part II: Local Strain Mapping of Dual Phase Steel by a Combination Technique of Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Digital Image Correlation Methods (2016)

To evaluate heterogeneous strain distribution developed by pre-deformations in dual phase (DP) steel accurately, a combinational technique of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) methods was newly introduced in this study. A good correlation is established between kernel average misorientation calculated by EBSD and local equivalent strain measured by DIC in ferrite matrix of DP steels regardless of the difference in deformation process, which means that an EBSD orientation map can be easily converted into an applicative strain map by employing the individual correlation formula. This new technique reveals that very large strain region is locally formed within dozens of micrometer from the punched edge in a punched DP steel. On the other hand, hard martensite grains dispersed in DP steel remarkably promote the heterogeneity of strain distribution in ferrite matrix. As a result, the large strain region is also developed in the form of bands in a cold-rolled DP steel by only 60% thickness reduction at least, as if it is affected by the distribution and morphology of martensite grains. In addition, the local strain mapping demonstrates that the equivalent strain of the large strain band in cold-rolled material is comparable to that of the heavily deformed edge in punched one. The very large strain band in ferrite matrix is characterized by ultrafine grained structure, which leads to the possibility for the losing ductility in ferrite matrix and the martensite cracking.
Inhibition of Comt with tolcapone slows progression of polycystic kidney disease in the more severely affected PKD/Mhm (cy/+) substrain of the Hannover Sprague-Dawley rat (2013)

BACKGROUND: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human inherited diseases. Modifier genes seem to modulate the disease progression and might therefore be promising drug targets. Although a number of modifier loci have been already identified, no modifier gene has been proven to be a real modifier yet. METHODS: Gene expression profiling of two substrains of the Han:SPRD rat, namely PKD/Mhm and PKD/US, both harboring the same mutation, was conducted in 36-day-old animals. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt) was identified as a potential modifier gene. A 3-month treatment with tolcapone, a selective inhibitor of Comt, was carried out in PKD/Mhm and PKD/US (cy/+) animals. RESULTS: Comt is localized within a known modifier locus of PKD (MOP2). The enzyme encoding gene was found upregulated in the more severely affected PKD/Mhm substrain and was hence presumed to be a putative modifier gene of PKD. The treatment with tolcapone markedly attenuated the loss of renal function, inhibited renal enlargement, shifted the size distribution of renal cysts and retarded cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis development in affected (cy/+) male and female PKD/Mhm and PKD/US rats. CONCLUSIONS: Comt has been confirmed to be the first reported modifier gene for PKD and tolcapone offers a promising drug for treating PKD.
Spreading sequences for multi-carrier CDMA systems (1997)

The paper contains an analysis of the basic criteria for the selection of spreading sequences for the multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems with spectrum spreading in the frequency domain. It is shown that the time-domain crosscorrelation function between the spreading sequences is not a proper interference measure for the asynchronous MC-CDMA users. Therefore the spectral correlation function is introduced and, together with the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the dynamic range of the corresponding multi-carrier waveforms, is used for the evaluation of MC-CDMA sequences. Some well-known classes of sequences, such as Walsh and Gold sequences, as well as orthogonal Gold and Zadoff-Chu (1972) sequences, are evaluated with respect to the aforementioned basic criteria. It is also shown that the multi-carrier spread spectrum waveforms based on the (multilevel) Huffman sequences have the lower PAPR than a single sine wave.