gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The small-molecule chk1 inhibitor, PD-321852, causes synergistic depletion of chk1 protein and clonogenic death when combined with gemcitabine in colorectal and pancreatic tumor cells (2006)

4911 Chk1 is a protein kinase that has been implicated as a key regulator of cell cycle progression and DNA repair. Inhibitors of chk1 (e.g., UCN-01) have been shown to selectively potentiate the cytotoxic actions of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor cells, in some circumstances, and are under development as therapeutic agents. In this study, we examined the ability of PD-3218521, a new, small-molecule chk1 inhibitor with an in vitro IC50 of 5nM, to potentiate gemcitabine (Gem)-induced loss of clonogenicity in a panel of colorectal and pancreatic cancer cell lines. In most cell lines, 300 nM was the highest concentration of PD-321852 that was non-toxic when given by itself for 24 hr. When this “threshold” concentration of PD-321852 was combined with Gem in SW620 colorectal and BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cells, it enhanced clonogenic death by about 25-fold in each cell line, as compared to a 3-fold enhancement that was obtained with a comparable (threshold) concentration of UCN-01 (100 nM). Although UCN-01 and PD-321852 were each able to cause elevated levels of cdc25A protein, as expected following chk1 inhibition, this effect on cdc25A did not correlate with potentiation of cytotoxicity. For example, Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells did demonstrate substantially elevated levels of cdc25A after chk1 inhibition, but were minimally sensitized to Gem by PD-321852 (less than 2-fold). Surprisingly, we observed that when PD-321852 was combined with Gem under conditions resulting in synergistic cytotoxicity, it caused a dramatic depletion of chk1 protein, as indicated by Western blot analysis. The loss of chk1 signal was mitigated by incubation with a proteasome inhibitor (LLnL), supporting the conclusion that it reflected a real decline in chk1 protein content, rather than a change in antibody reactivity. In contrast, only a slight loss of chk1 protein could be detected after treatment with UCN-01, and this required use of toxic concentrations of that agent. In addition, Panc-1 cells, which were minimally sensitized to Gem by PD-321852, were relatively resistant to the effects of PD-321852 on chk1 protein levels. Thus, it appeared to be the loss of chk1 protein, rather than the inhibition of chk1 and subsequent deregulation of cdc25A, that correlated with the synergistic effects of PD-321852 on Gem-induced cytotoxicity. We are currently investigating the mechanism(s) of PD-321852-mediated chk1 repression and the relationship between drug-induced loss of chk1 and potentiation of cytotoxicity. 1Palmer et al. 2004. Eur J Cancer Suppl 2:20.
Use of Electrocardiographic Analysis for Investigation of Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens (1991)

This study was conducted (at high altitude [1969 meters]) to determine whether chicks predisposed to cardiac failure and ascites could be identified and followed during growout with non-invasive electrocardiographic (ECG) techniques. ECG recordings were made on 40 chicks at 1 week of age. All recordings were analyzed by quantifying the amplitude in millivolts of the R-, S-, and T-waves in each of the recordings. During the study, ascites-related mortality was 40%, with the majority of the deaths occurring between 5 and 8 weeks of age. Chicks exhibiting moderate-to-severe right ventricular hypertrophy, as identified by ECG analysis at 1 week of age, were predisposed to development of ascites. Thus, the variability in ascites-related mortality observed in field cases may be directly related to the number of predisposed chicks at the time of placement in the broiler house.
Improving axial resolution in SIM using deep learning (2020)

Structured Illumination Microscopy is a widespread methodology to image live and fixed biological structures smaller than the diffraction limits of conventional optical microscopy. Using recent advances in image up-scaling through deep learning models, we demonstrate a method to reconstruct 3D SIM image stacks with twice the axial resolution attainable through conventional SIM reconstructions. We further evaluate our method for robustness to noise &amp; generalisability to varying observed specimens, and discuss potential adaptions of the method to further improvements in resolution.
Sandwich‐Type Germanotungstates: Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Dimeric Polyoxoanions [M4(H2O)2 (GeW9O34)2]12‐ (M: Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+). (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of external mass-transfer resistance on facilitated transport (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of external mass-transfer resistance on facilitated transportRichard D. Noble, J. Douglas Way, and Laurel A. PowersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1986, 25, 3, 450–452Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i100023a025https://doi.org/10.1021/i100023a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Oxygen Scavenging by Ta Spacers in Double-MgO Free Layers for Perpendicular Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random-Access Memory (2016)

Magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) stacks with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) based on spin-transfer torque (STT) are expected to be used in the next generation of high speed, low power, memory applications. As device dimensions are scaled down, the total PMA of the MgO/CoFeB system is increased by embedding CoFeB between two MgO layers. We compare the properties of a continuous free layer versus a composite design in which a Ta insertion layer is introduced into the free layer, the latter being the design of choice in the literature. We used transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling to determine the role the Ta spacer plays as an oxygen scavenger. Our results indicate that optimal control of the oxygen content and diffusion are important for the thermal robustness and PMA of the free layers embedded between two MgO layers.
Noise at high frequency operation of InP/InGaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistors (1990)

A theoretical study of the high-frequency noise characteristics of InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors is carried out. The calculations take into account the high-frequency dependence of the base noise current and the correlation of different currents contributing to the collector noise current. The high current gain and the excess noise observed in the input noise current could cause some limitations for low-level wideband applications. Scaling the emitter size is required to reduce the excess high-frequency noise. This can be done in the InP/InGaAs system without degrading its performance due to the low surface recombination velocity. Very high DC current gain could reduce the bandwidth where the noise remains low.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Population density and ‘slave raiding’—The case of the middle belt of Nigeria (1969)

The expansion of the Sokoto Caliphate into the lands of the diverse non-Muslim peoples of the Middle Belt area is a familiar theme in the nineteenth-century history of the Central Sudan. As the Middle Belt is known to have an overall lower population density than adjoining areas to the north and south, the explanation has been proposed that this was due to slave raiding by Muslim states. A study of the history of this area does not support this overall view, even though it might be accepted with reference to limited areas. areas. It can be shown, moreover that in certain localities populations were actually enhanced as a result of the consolidation of Muslim power, while others, currently of extremely low density, were completely unaffected. If the factors affecting population in this area are to be understood, reference to over-simplified causes such as slave raiding must be shunned. Geographical and biological factors influencing population growth may be more fertile areas of enquiry.
Avalanche Breakdown Design Parameters in GaN (2013)

We have studied the avalanche breakdown design parameters of GaN n+/p and p+/n junctions in the voltage range of 1.2 to 12 kV using numerical simulations and analytical calculations. Important analytical models regarding the relationships between breakdown voltages, depletion width, maximum junction electric field and doping concentrations have been extracted which shows very high consistency with the results from numerical simulations. These analytical models can be used as guidelines in the designing of GaN high voltage power devices. The multiplication factors M n and M p have also been obtained and the analytical models have been extracted. The results showed that in GaN, n+/p junction is better than p+/n for the main voltage blocking junction due to a sharper avalanche current increase.
Large area visible arrays: performance of hybrid and monolithic alternatives (2002)

CMOS-based imaging system-on-chip (i-SoC) technology is successfully producing large monolithic and hybrid FPAs that are superior in many respects to competing CCD-based imaging sensors. The hybrid approach produces visible 2048 by 2048 FPAs with <6 e- read noise and quantum efficiency above 80% from 400 nm to 920 nm; 4096 by 4096 mosaics are now being developed. The monolithic approach produces visible 12-bit imaging system-on-chips such as a 1936 by 1088 with higher quantum efficiency than mainstream CCDs, <25 e- read noise, <0.02% fixed pattern noise, automatic identification and replacement of defective pixels, black-level clamping, total power dissipation of only 180 mW, and various programmable features. Several successors having &ge;12 Mpixels are in development. In both cases low-light-level performance is boosted by coupling the sensors to image intensifiers.
Characterization of the Phase Composition of Nanosized Lithium Titanates Synthesized by Inductive Thermal Plasma (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments
Effect of in Vivo Deuteration on Structure of Switchgrass Lignin (2017)

Biomass deuteration is an effective engineering method that can be used to provide key insights into understanding of biomass recalcitrance and the complex biomass conversion process. In this study, production of deuterated switchgrass was accomplished by growing the plants in 50% D2O under hydroponic conditions in a perfusion chamber. Cellulolytic enzyme lignin was isolated from deuterated switchgrass, characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and compared with its protiated control sample to determine the effect of in vivo deuteration on the chemical structure of lignin. FTIR results showed that D2O can be taken up by the roots and transported to the leaves, and deuterium was subsequently incorporated into hydroxyl and alkyl groups in the plant and its lignin through photosynthesis. According to GPC results, deuterated lignin had slightly higher molecular weight, presumably due to isotope effects. 31P and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR results revealed that lignin in the deuterated biomass preserved its native physicochemical characteristics. The conserved characteristics of the deuterated lignin show its great potential applications for structural and dynamic studies of lignocellulose by techniques such as neutron scattering.
Artifact suppression of SSFP cine sequences at 3T using a novel automatic 3D shimming algorithm (2013)

Methods A total of 20 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo a clinically indicated CMR in normal sinus rhythm and able to perform apnea were prospectively enrolled to be scanned in a 3T system (MAGNETOM Verio, Siemens, Germany). Frequency scout images were acquired in two and four chamber views and the frequency offset associated with least banding artifacts involving the heart was manually set (Figure 1) for the acquisition of short and long axis segmented cine SSFP images covering the entire ventricular volumes (bandwidth of 700-750 Hz/ pixel and echo spacing of 3.4 ms). The same sequences were then repeated with the offset reset to 0 Hz (only change made) but with the use of a novel 3D shimming algorithm restricted to the heart (instead of the entire FOV) based on a patient specific GRE fieldmap previously generated (WIP Siemens, Germany). Images were blindly evaluated for segmental function (normal vs. abnormal), and the presence of artifacts within the heart (none, minor or important the latter meaning that at least one myocardial segment could not be assessed). Ventricular volumes were also blindly mea-
Supplementary Figures from An Antibody Targeting ICOS Increases Intratumoral Cytotoxic to Regulatory T-cell Ratio and Induces Tumor Regression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-9&lt;/p&gt;
Realization of a Spatially Multiplexed MIMO System (2006)

Multi-antenna systems can provide improvements in wireless systems increasing spectral efficiency, reliability, range, and system capacity. Herein we show how some of the potentials of MIMO systems can be realized on a simple radio hardware platform by utilizing advanced real-time signal processing and coding. We present a real-time implementation of a 2 by 2 MIMO system employing spatial multiplexing to achieve high spectral efficiency in an indoor non-line-of-sight environment operating in the 1800 MHz range. Well-known processing and coding techniques are employed and our contributions lie in: discussing implementational aspects and solutions often overlooked but critical for high-performance operation; demonstrating the degree to which the simple baseband AWGN model can be used to accurately model/predict the MIMO system on the current hardware; and demonstrating the feasibility of real-time spatial multiplexing achieving up to 15 bps/Hz on a 2 by 2 system in a realistic indoor environment with off-the-shelf radio hardware.
On the (In)Tractability of Reinforcement Learning for LTL Objectives (2022)

In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in devising reinforcement-learning algorithms for optimizing linear temporal logic (LTL) objectives and LTL-like objectives. Despite these advancements, there are fundamental limitations to how well this problem can be solved. Previous studies have alluded to this fact but have not examined it in depth. In this paper, we address the tractability of reinforcement learning for general LTL objectives from a theoretical perspective. We formalize the problem under the probably approximately correct learning in Markov decision processes (PAC-MDP) framework, a standard framework for measuring sample complexity in reinforcement learning. In this formalization, we prove that the optimal policy for any LTL formula is PAC-MDP-learnable if and only if the formula is in the most limited class in the LTL hierarchy, consisting of formulas that are decidable within a finite horizon. Practically, our result implies that it is impossible for a reinforcement-learning algorithm to obtain a PAC-MDP guarantee on the performance of its learned policy after finitely many interactions with an unconstrained environment for LTL objectives that are not decidable within a finite horizon.
Successful interventional management of catastrophic coronary arterial air embolism during atrial fibrillation ablation (2015)

Air embolism is a well-recognized complication associated with interventional cardiac procedures, including electrophysiologic studies and ablations.1–4 Much less common is air embolization leading to immediate cardiogenic shock requiring resuscitation, especially in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory.5–8 There have been several anecdotal reports of cardiogenic shock caused by massive coronary artery air embolism not related to EP procedures in the literature.9–13 However, the true incidence of air embolism in the EP laboratory remains unclear, possibly owing to underreporting or underdetecting, since most of these cases have a relatively benign clinical course and do not require urgent, resuscitative treatment.
Extensive developmental and metabolic alterations in cybrids Nicotiana tabacum (+ Hyoscyamus niger) are caused by complex nucleo‐cytoplasmic incompatibility (2001)

The genetic basis of multiple phenotypic alterations was studied in cell-engineered cybrids Nicotiana tabacum (+ Hyoscyamus niger) combining the nuclear genome of N. tabacum, plastome of H. niger and recombinant mitochondria. The plants possess a complex, maternally inheritable syndrome of nucleo-cytoplasmic incompatibility, severely affecting growth, metabolism and development. In vivo, the syndrome was manifested as: late germination of seeds; dramatic decrease of chlorophyll and carotenoids in cotyledons and leaves; altered morphology of cotyledons, leaves and flowers; and dwarfism. The leaf phenotype depended on light intensity. In 'green flowers' (an extreme phenotype), homeotic function B was downregulated. In vitro, the incompatibility syndrome was restricted to the pigment deficiency of cotyledons. Electron microscopy revealed perturbations in the differentiation of chloroplasts and palisade parenchyma cells in bleached leaves. The pigment deficiency accompanied by retarded growth is discussed as a result of plastome-genome incompatibility, whereas other features are likely to be due to nucleo-mitochondrial incompatibilities.
Supplementary Table 1 from The Transcription Factor ZNF217 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target during Breast Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 50K, Human microarray summary. Summary of correlations between ZNF217 and selected genes from ChIP-chip and gene expression microarray datasets. ZNF217 expression levels correlated with expression of K19 and K8/18, genes that have ZNF217 enriched at their promoters, in human breast cancer cell lines, tumors, and after knockdown in MCF7 cells&lt;/p&gt;
Modeling, simulation, testing, and measurements of wireless communication systems: A laboratory based approach (2009)

Several challenges such as inter-operability, global seamless connectivity, and spectral crowding became more of a concern after the tremendous growth in wireless industry and the diversity in wireless systems and standards. Software defined radio (SDR) is envisioned to be a promising solution for all these challenges. From the point of education, all these challenges along with the introduction of new concepts such as SDR necessitate the establishment of new platforms where students can model, simulate and test wireless systems from various aspects. This paper gives an overview of a laboratory course incorporating the use of SDR capable devices. A brief description of all the laboratory experiments is included, whereas only one of the experiments focusing on synchronization in wireless systems is discussed in detail due to space limitations.
A microfluidic platform for characterizing the structure and rheology of biofilm streamers (2022)

Biofilm formation is the most successful survival strategy for bacterial communities. In the biofilm lifestyle, bacteria embed themselves in a self-secreted matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which acts as a shield against mechanical and chemical insults. When ambient flow is present, this viscoelastic scaffold can take a streamlined shape, forming biofilm filaments suspended in flow, called streamers. Streamers significantly disrupt the fluid flow by causing rapid clogging and affect transport in aquatic environments. Despite their relevance, the structural and rheological characterization of biofilm streamers is still at an early stage. In this work, we present a microfluidic platform that allows the reproducible growth of biofilm streamers in controlled physico-chemical conditions and the characterization of their biochemical composition, morphology, and rheology <i>in situ</i>. We employed isolated micropillars as nucleation sites for the growth of single biofilm streamers under the continuous flow of a diluted bacterial suspension. By combining fluorescent staining of the EPS components and epifluorescence microscopy, we were able to characterize the biochemical composition and morphology of the streamers. Additionally, we optimized a protocol to perform hydrodynamic stress tests <i>in situ</i>, by inducing controlled variations of the fluid shear stress exerted on the streamers by the flow. Thus, the reproducibility of the formation process and the testing protocol make it possible to perform several consistent experimental replicates that provide statistically significant information. By allowing the systematic investigation of the role of biochemical composition on the structure and rheology of streamers, this platform will advance our understanding of biofilm formation.
Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine: An Important First Step of Searching for Evidence to Prevent COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) (2020)

Extreme intense respiratory disorder coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the infection that causes coronavirus illness 2019 (Covid-19), has created an overall pandemic.The interference of its spread relies upon a blend of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic intercessions.Beigel., et al. have given in the Journal the principal report of a powerful treatment for Covid-19, coming about because of a thoroughly structured and led clinical trial [1].