gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In VivoEvaluation of Limiting Brain Penetration of Probes for α2C-Adrenoceptor Using Small-Animal Positron Emission Tomography (2010)

To evaluate in vivo brain penetration of α(2C)-adrenoceptor (α(2C)-AR) antagonists as a therapeutic agent, we synthesized two new (11)C-labeled selective α(2C)-AR antagonists 4-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)methyl-2-aryl-7-methoxybenzofuran ([(11)C]MBF) and acridin-9-yl-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amine ([(11)C]JP-1302) as α(2C)-AR-selective positron emission tomography (PET) probes. The radiochemical yield, specific activity, and radiochemical purity of these probes was appropriate for injection. To evaluate whether the brain penetration of these probes is related to the function of two major drug efflux transporters, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), we performed PET studies using wild-type and P-gp/Bcrp knockout mice. In wild-type mice, the radioactivity level after injection with [(11)C]MBF initially increased and effluxed immediately from the brain, whereas that with [(11)C]JP-1302 was distributed throughout the brain. However, the regional distribution of radioactivity after injection with [(11)C]JP-1302 in the brain was different from that of α(2C)-ARs. In P-gp/Bcrp knockout mice, uptake of [(11)C]MBF was approximately 3.7-fold higher and that of [(11)C]JP-1302 was approximately 1.6-fold higher than those in wild-type mice. These results indicate that brain penetration of the two PET probes was affected by modulation of P-gp and Bcrp functions.
High frequency resonant SEPIC converter with wide input and output voltage ranges (2008)

This document presents a resonant SEPIC converter and control method suitable for high frequency (HF) and very high frequency (VHF) dc-dc power conversion. The proposed design features high efficiency over a wide input and output voltage range, up-and-down voltage conversion, small size, and excellent transient performance. In addition, a resonant gate drive scheme is presented which provides rapid startup and low-loss at HF and VHF frequencies. The converter regulates the output using an on-off control scheme modulating at a fixed frequency. This control method enables fast transient response and efficient light load operation while providing controlled spectral characteristics of the input and output waveforms. An experimental prototype has been built and evaluated. The prototype converter, built with two commercial vertical MOSFETs, operates at a fixed switching frequency of 20 MHz, with an input voltage range of 3.6V to 7.2V, an output voltage range of 3V to 9V and an output power rating of up to 3W. The converter achieves higher than 80% efficiency across the entire input voltage range at nominal output voltage, and maintains good efficiency across the whole operating range.
Breaking the Invulnerability of Cancer Stem Cells: Two-Step Strategy to Kill the Stem-like Cell Subpopulation of Multiple Myeloma (2013)

In multiple myeloma, the presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSC) that are responsible for tumor metastasis and relapse has been proven. Evidently, for achieving complete response, new therapeutic paradigms that effectively eradicate both, CSCs and bulk cancer populations, need to be developed. For achieving that goal, an innovative two-step treatment combining targeting of thymidine de novo synthesis pathway and a nanoirradiation by the Auger electron emitting thymidine analogue (123/125)I-5-iodo-4'-thio-2'-deoxyuridine ((123/125)I-ITdU) could be a promising approach. The pretreatment with thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd, 1 μmol/L for 1 hour) efficiently induced proliferation and terminal differentiation of isolated myeloma stem-like cells. Moreover, FdUrd stimulation led to a decreased activity of a functional CSC marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The metabolic conditioning by FdUrd emerged to be essential for enhanced incorporation of (125)I-ITdU (incubation with 50 kBq/2 × 10(4) cells for 4 days) and, consequently, for the induction of irreparable DNA damage. (125)I-ITdU showed a pronounced antimyeloma effect on isolated tumor stem-like cells. More than 85% of the treated cells were apoptotic, despite activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Most important, exposure of metabolically conditioned cells to (125)I-ITdU resulted in a complete inhibition of clonogenic recovery. This is the first report showing that pretreatment with FdUrd sensitizes the stem-like cell compartment in multiple myeloma to apoptosis induced by (125)I-ITdU-mediated nanoirradiation of DNA.
Real Time Tomographic Reflection with Ultrasound: Stationary and Hand-Held Implementations (2000)

Our objective is to permit in situ visualization of ultrasound images so that direct handeye coordination can be employed during invasive procedures. A method is presented that merges the visual outer surface of a patient with a simultaneous ultrasound scan of the patient&amp;apos;s interior. The method combines a flat-panel monitor with a half-silvered mirror such that the image on the monitor is reflected precisely at the proper location within the patient. The ultrasound image is superimposed in real time on the patient merging with the operator&amp;apos;s hands and any invasive tools in the field of view. Instead of looking away from the patient at an ultrasound monitor, the operator sees through skin and underlying tissue as if it were translucent. Two working prototypes have been constructed, demonstrating independence of viewer location and requiring no special apparatus to be worn by the operator. The method could enable needles and scalpels to be manipulated with direct hand-eye coordination un...
Msn2/4 regulate expression of glycolytic enzymes and control transition from quiescence to growth (2017)

Nutrient availability and stresses impact a cell's decision to enter a growth state or a quiescent state. Acetyl-CoA stimulates cell growth under nutrient-limiting conditions, but how cells generate acetyl-CoA under starvation stress is less understood. Here, we show that general stress response factors, Msn2 and Msn4, function as master transcriptional regulators of yeast glycolysis via directly binding and activating genes encoding glycolytic enzymes. Yeast cells lacking Msn2 and Msn4 exhibit prevalent repression of glycolytic genes and a significant delay of acetyl-CoA accumulation and reentry into growth from quiescence. Thus Msn2/4 exhibit a dual role in activating carbohydrate metabolism genes and stress response genes. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which starvation-induced stress response factors may prime quiescent cells to reenter growth through glycolysis when nutrients are limited.
Homologous type II collagen induces chronic and progressive arthritis in mice (1986)

Native mouse type II collagen was used for immunization of DBA/1 mice. Arthritis developed exclusively in male animals and was characterized by a variable and delayed onset, a slow and progressive development, and frequent exacerbations of disease in several joints including those that were previously affected. Titers of anti-type II collagen autoantibodies were found not to correlate well with arthritis development. It appears that experimental arthritis induced with homologous type II collagen resembles rheumatoid arthritis in humans, both in certain clinical features and in the lack of correspondence between anti-type II collagen autoantibody titers and disease symptoms.
Parkin is associated with actin filaments in neuronal and nonneural cells (2000)

Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding parkin are responsible for autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). However, little information is known about the function and distribution of parkin. We generated antibodies to two different peptides of parkin. By Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, we found that parkin is a 50-kd protein that is expressed in neuronal processes and cytoplasm of selected neurons in the basal ganglia, midbrain, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. Unlike ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein, parkin labeling was not found in Lewy bodies of four sporadic Parkinson disease brains. Parkin was colocalized with actin filaments but not with microtubules in COS1 kidney cells and nerve growth factor-induced PC12 neurons. These results point to the importance of the cytoskeleton and associated proteins in neurodegeneration.
Reaction product of 3,3-dichloro-2-methylpropenal and piperidine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction product of 3,3-dichloro-2-methylpropenal and piperidineJames B. Ellern, Robert E. Ireland, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 17, 3056–3057Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00957a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00957a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward coordinated sensor motion for classification: An example of intrusion detection using Bayes risk (2011)

In this paper we propose a framework for optimal coordinated sensor motion using the Bayes risk. For the purpose of illustration, we address an intrusion detection problem, which is cast as a binary hypothesis testing problem. We consider two distinct hypotheses or classes for moving targets. They are classified as threat or safe, depending on the future target trajectory entering or not entering a specified area of interest. The principal contribution of our work is a formal analysis, under various simplifying assumptions, of how Bayes risk can used to generate sensor motion control laws. We propose the use of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) state estimate and covariance as the summary statistic for the sensor observations. Thus the novelty of our approach lies in combining the classification and estimation problems formally, leading to an optimal coordinated sensor motion control algorithm.
Establishing a reproducible approach for the controllable deposition and maintenance of plants cells with 3D bioprinting (2022)

Abstract Capturing cell-to-cell and cell-to-environment signals in a defined 3 dimensional (3D) microenvironment is key to study cellular functions, including cellular reprogramming towards tissue regeneration. A major challenge in current culturing methods is that these methods cannot accurately capture this multicellular 3D microenvironment. In this study, we established the framework of 3D bioprinting with plant cells to study cell viability, cell division, and cell identity. We established long-term cell viability for bioprinted Arabidopsis root cells and soybean meristematic cells. To analyze the large image datasets generated during these long-term viability studies, we developed an open source high-throughput image analysis pipeline. Furthermore, we showed the cell cycle re-entry of the isolated Arabidopsis and soybean cells leading to the formation of microcalli. Finally, we showed that the identity of isolated cells of Arabidopsis roots expressing endodermal markers maintained longer periods of time. The framework established in this study paves the way for a general use of 3D bioprinting for studying cellular reprogramming and cell cycle re-entry towards tissue regeneration.
Abstract 2769: Impaired Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization Contributes to Exercise Intolerance in Barth Syndrome (2007)

Objective s: Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mutation in the TAZ gene characterized by cardiolipin deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction and cardio-skeletal myopathy. We hypothe- sized that abnormal skeletal muscle oxygen (O 2 ) utilization contributes to exercise intolerance in BTHS. Methods : Boys with BTHS (n=13) and healthy male controls (n=7) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with continuous metabolic and EKG monitoring. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an indirect measure of tissue O 2 saturation and index of skeletal muscle O 2 utilization, was applied to the vastus lateralis during exercise. Cardiac function in BTHS was assessed by echocardiography and serum BNP to examine the relationship between resting cardiac function and exercise capacity in BTHS. Results : Age (16±5 vs 13±3 years; p=0.22), BMI (17±3 vs. 20±5; p=0.14) and BSA (1.0±0.5 vs 1.2±0.6 m 2 ; p=0.3) were not different between BTHS and controls. BTHS had lower peak VO 2 (19±6 vs. 52±6 ml/kg/min, p &lt; 0.001), lower % of predicted peak VO 2 (40±10% vs. 115±12%, p=0.0004), lower peak work rate (58±18 vs. 205±69 watts, p=0.0004), and lower peak O 2 pulse (4.6±1.6 vs. 14±6 ml O 2 /kg/beat, p&lt; 0.00001) than controls. Peak HR in BTHS was lower but remained within normal peak predicted rate (172±14 vs. 197±11 bpm, p=0.001). Vastus lateralis tissue O 2 saturation at peak exercise decreased from baseline in controls as expected (-18±16%, p&lt;0.001) but paradoxically increased from baseline in BTHS (+17±14%, p&lt;0.03, p=0.0005 BTHS vs. controls) indicating impaired muscle O 2 utilization. Absolute (r= - 0.70, p&lt;0.0001) and percent (r= - 0.70, p&lt;0.001) change in NIRS from baseline was negatively associated with peak VO 2 . There was no correlation between peak VO 2 and resting EF (55±7%; r=0.12), SF (30±4%; r= -.26), myocardial performance index (0.4±0.1; r= -.3) or serum BNP (232±381; r=0.1). Conclusion : O 2 consumption during exercise in BTHS is severely reduced and caused, at least in part, by impaired skeletal muscle O 2 utilization. Resting cardiac function is not related to O 2 consumption in BTHS but cardiac dysfunction during exercise in BTHS is not excluded without further studies. Mitochondrial dysfunction likely mediates skeletal muscle O 2 utilization deficits during exercise in BTHS.
Plaque Echolucency May Play a Critical Role in Predicting Cerebral Embolization in Patients Undergoing Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting (2011)

Introduction Despite ongoing studies, the relationship of plaque echomorphology with increased risk of stroke in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) remains elusive. The aim of this study is to examine whether carotid plaque echolucency is associated with greater plaque instability as determined by the quantification of captured embolic debris in CAS patients. Methods A total of 41 consecutive CAS patients with high-grade carotid stenosis were prospectively evaluated. B-mode images for 21 patients were available for analysis. Plaque echolucency was determined by grayscale median (GSM), a computer-assisted measure of echogenicity. Images were standardized with a GSM value of 0–5 for the vessel lumen and 185–195 for the adventitia. Echolucent (EL) plaques were defined by GSM &lt; 25, and echogenic (EG) plaques were defined by GSM ≥ 25. Protective filters were visualized by stereomicroscopy along three perpendicular axes and quantified through video imaging software. Because of heterogeneity in particle shape, individual particle sizes were determined by greatest length. Results Mean GSM was 45.5, and 10% plaques were echolucent. Particulate debris was detected in all filters. Plaques with lower GSM were associated with a greater number of particles (EL: 33.5 ± 10.6 particles, EG: 14.0 ± 10.3 particles; p = 0.02). Echolucent plaques also demonstrated particles of greater size: maximum size (EL: 3490 ± 1954 μm, EG: 1026 ± 1186 μm; p = 0.015) and number of particles &gt;1000 μm (EL: 3.5 ± 2.1 particles, EG: 0.7 ± 1.4 particles; p = 0.019). Conclusions Echolucent carotid plaques, as determined by GSM, may cause increased embolization of greater-sized embolic debris during CAS. Our study confirms previous findings that suggest that a GSM cut-off point of 25 may be linked with the release of more embolic debris. Therefore, increased plaque echolucency may place patients at greater risk for perioperative embolic events, making patients with such lesion characteristics more likely to experience postprocedural neurologic complications.
Ultrafast Studies Designed to Test the Fundamental Statistical Assumptions Underlying Chemical Reactivity in Liquids (1986)

Stochastic theories based on the Langevin or Fokker-Planck equations for describing chemical reactions break down when fluctuations associated with collisions no longer look completely random. This occurs on the picosecond or femtosecond timescale, and consequently, new general dynamical theories for explaining fundamental processes in chemical reactions are needed for ultrafast timescales. The breakdown of stochastic descriptions will be illustrated experimentally and several alternative theoretical approaches for ultrafast phenomena will be discussed.
Silvered conical-bottom 96-well plates: enhanced low volume detection and the metal-enhanced fluorescence volume/ratio effect (2019)

Many diagnostic fluorescence assays are limited by sensitivity (signal/noise) and minimum sample volume requirements. Herein we report a new, silvered conical-bottom 96-well plate platform used to increase the detectability from very small volumes of micromolar concentrations of fluorophores. This technology employs the principles of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), which is the process by which fluorescence emission is amplified in the near-field of plasmonic nanoparticles. By combining the MEF effect with the advantages of a small volume conical well, we report and characterize detectable emission from fluorescent solutions down to 3 microliters in volume. We report enhancement factors for fluorescein and Rhodamine 6G and correlate these factors to the synchronous scattering spectra of the silvered conical wells. Subsequently, we determine corrected enhancement factors and discuss enhancement in terms of the MEF volume ratio effect and per mole of enhanced fluorophore. The research reported herein sets the foundation for future development of even more powerful MEF-based diagnostic assays.
Integrated surface-micromachined z-axis frame microgyroscope (2003)

We report the first integrated surface-micro machined z-axis frame microgyroscope fabricated in the Analog Devices Modular-MEMS process using 6 /spl mu/m thick polysilicon as the structural material and 5 V 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process. This vibratory microgyroscope, which operates in vacuum, measures the z-axis rotation rate by sensing the induced Coriolis acceleration using capacitive sensing. The amplitude of drive motion was estimated to be 2 /spl mu/m. The frame gyroscope mechanically decouples the drive and sense motion for stable operation. Integration of circuits and mechanical structures on the same substrate allowed signal sensing with low parasitics. The surface micromachined integrated z-axis frame gyroscope fabricated at Analog Devices has a measured noise floor of 0.05 deg/s//spl radic/Hz and a scale factor of 0.33 mV/deg/sec at 70 mtorr ambient pressure.
Prevalence of RFC1 -mediated spinocerebellar ataxia in a North American ataxia cohort (2020)

In a large undiagnosed ataxia cohort from North America, biallelic pathogenic repeat expansion in <i>RFC1</i> was observed in 3.2%. Testing should be strongly considered in patients with ataxia, especially those with CANVAS or neuropathy.
Amblyopia: site unseen (2001)

The site of the amblyopic deficit has been keenly sought for the past half century. Controversy has raged concerning whether it is retinal or cortical. Neurophysiologists and clinicians have provided compelling evidence to support their respective cases. Its resolution in terms of a primary cortical deficit is relatively recent and provides an interesting insight into the working of science. Currently, another controversy is beginning concerning which cortical areas are affected in amblyopia. Only time will tell if this new debate proves as interesting as its retinal counterpart. This review concentrates on where the site of the amblyopic deficit resides. It intentionally bypasses the issue of the nature of the deficit, an issue worthy of a separate review.
Phosphorus removal from Everglades agricultural area runoff by submerged aquatic vegetation/limerock treatment technology: an overview of research (2001)

The 1994 Everglades Forever Act mandates the South Florida Water Management District and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection to evaluate a series of advanced treatment technologies to reduce total phosphorus (TP) in Everglades Agricultural Area runoff to a threshold target level. A submerged aquatic vegetation/limerock (SAV/LR) treatment system is one of the technologies selected for evaluation. The research program consists of two phases. Phase I examined the efficiency of SAV/LR treatment system for TP removal at the mesocosm scale. Preliminary results demonstrate that this technology is capable of reducing effluent TP to as low as 10 microg/L under constant flows. The SAV component removes the majority of the influent soluble reactive P, while the limerock component removes a portion of the particulate P. Phase II is a multi-scale project (i.e., microcosms, mesocosms, test cells and full-size wetlands). Experiments and field investigations using various environmental scenarios are designed to (1) identify key P removal processes; (2) provide management and operational criteria for basin-scale implementation; and (3) provide scientific data for a standardized comparison of performance among advanced treatment technologies.
Tenofovir alafenamide is associated with improved alanine aminotransferase and renal safety compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (2022)

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a novel prodrug of tenofovir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. We aimed to evaluate the impact of switching to TAF on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and renal safety. We also described the indications of switching to TAF. Consecutive adult CHB patients switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) dominant therapy to TAF for more than 12 months were identified retrospectively. A subgroup of patients newly switched to TAF was prospectively invited to perform transient elastography examination and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The time of switching to TAF was defined as baseline. Among 393 patients in the retrospective cohort, the median ALT at month 12 was significantly lower (21.0 [16.0-29.9] U/L vs. 25.0 [19.0-34.0] U/L; p < 0.001) and ALT normalization rate was higher (89.9% vs. 83.7%; p = 0.037) than those at baseline. Estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased from 12 months before baseline and then increased from baseline to month 12 significantly (69.7 ± 22.0 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> vs. 68.5 ± 21.5 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> vs. 69.2 ± 21.5 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> , p = 0.002 (-12 m vs. baseline), p = 0.004 (baseline vs. 12 m)). In the prospective cohort, 103 patients switched to TAF because of age > 60 years (63.1%), bone diseases (54.4%), and renal alteration (42.7%). TAF is associated with ALT improvement and better renal safety than TDF dominant therapy in CHB patients. Most CHB patients switched to TAF because of advanced age, followed by bone disease and renal alteration.