gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Odd Leaf Out: Improving Visual Recognition with Games (2011)

A growing number of projects are solving complex computational and scientific tasks by soliciting human feedback through games. Many games with a purpose focus on generating textual tags for images. In contrast, we introduce a new game, Odd Leaf Out, which provides players with an enjoyable and educational game that serves the purpose of identifying misclassification errors in a large database of labeled leaf images. The game uses a novel mechanism to solicit useful information from players' incorrect answers. A study of 165 players showed that game data can be used to identify mislabeled leaves much more quickly than would have been possible using a computer vision algorithm alone. Domain novices and experts were equally good at identifying mislabeled images, although domain experts enjoyed the game more. We discuss the successes and challenges of this new game, which can be applied to other domains with labeled image datasets.
Interfacial crosslinking and diffusion via extensional rheometry (2002)

Abstract When a coextruded multilayer sheet is pulled in a uniaxial extensional rheometer the interfacial area per unit volume increases, amplifying interfacial effects. To investigate interfacial reaction, a pair of functional and miscible polyethylenes were co‐extruded into multilayer sheets (256 layers). One polyethylene contained 8 wt% glycidyl methacrylate comonomer the other 4 wt% anhydride grafts. The extensional force to pull the molten multilayer sheet was measured via a rotating clamp extensional rheometer (RME, Rheometric Scientific). Owing to the reaction in the interfacial region before and during the extension, the measured extensional force increased dramatically. The interfacial stress was extracted and correlated to the extent of interfacial crosslinking. The rate of interfacial crosslinking was found to exceed the rate of area generation at extension rates &lt; 0.01 s −1 . By annealing samples and then stretching them, the growth rate of the interlayer was determined, and a diffusion coefficient estimated.
Sound, Mixtures, and Learning: A Perspective on CASA (2003)

Offers a vision of the sound organization problem and describes the multisource decoder idea.
Multi-User Active RIS Communications: Joint Power, Gain and Phase Shifts Optimization (2022)

In this paper, we address the problem of optimizing the users' transmit power jointly with the amplification factors and phase shifts of an active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) where each element is optimized individually. We consider a multi-user uplink scenario with inter-user interference. The non-convex problem of maximizing the sum-rate is transformed into a convex one using the multi-variate Taylor expansion and solved using the Lagrangian and gradient descent methods to provide a suboptimal solution in return for a feasible complexity. Numerical results show that active RISs with each amplification factor optimized individually effectively outperform passive ones in fading and highly interfering situations.
Electromagnetic Fields on the Seafloor: Magnetotelluric Soundingand Motional Induction (1997)

Natural electromagnetic fields in the oceans are induced by both external, ionospheric and magnetospheric, electric current systems and by the dynamo interaction of ocean water currents with the earth&apos;s geomagnetic field. The effects of these two sources divide naturally at a period near the inertial value (about 1 day at mid-latitudes). At shorter periods, external sources dominate both the electric and magnetic fields and, except for the ocean tides, it is difficult to detect motionally-induced electromagnetic fields. In this period range, seafloor data may be utilized for magnetotelluric sounding of the electrical conductivity of the oceanic lithosphere and mantle. By contrast, at periods longer than a few days where the horizontal length scale of the water velocity field is large compared to the water depth, motional induction is predominant in the horizontal electric field and dwarfs all external contributions at periods longer than about a week, depending on location. The motional horizontal electric field is proportional to the vertically-integrated, seawater conductivity weighted horizontal water velocity, which is very nearly the depth-averaged (barotropic) velocity in most places. Because of their inherent spatial averaging properties, electric field measurements are finding increasing use in physical oceanography where the barotropic velocity is of interest. Motional magnetic fields are much weaker than the horizontal electric components, and have not been detected away from intense boundary currents at long periods. This means that outside of energetic current regimes, the geomagnetic depth sounding method is usable in the deep ocean to very long periods. In addition to the conventional (horizontal electric and triaxial magnetic field) components, it is feasible to measure the vertical electric field in the ocean.
Mice strain differences in small animal PET [11C]-PiB and [18F]-Florbetaben imaging of {beta}-amyloid plaques (2013)

1764 Objectives To investigate the contribution of strain differences on the β-amyloid specific [11C]-PiB and [18F]-Florbetaben ([18F]-FBB) signal in small animal PET. Methods Studies were performed on 22-25mth BRI1-42 (n=6) and APPPS1-21 (n=6) mice, and their respective littermate controls (C57B/6J n=7, B6C3 n=6). To evaluate β-amyloid burden, mice from each strain underwent; a) 60min dynamic scans after an i.v bolus of [11C]-PiB (8.8±0.56MBq, S.A 90.7±1.2 GBq/μmol), and b) 15 or 25min static scans following an i.v injection of [18F]-FBB and an uptake period of 35min (7.5±0.34MBq and 3.9±0.18MBq for APPPS1-21 and BRI1-42 mice respectively, S.A 127.5 ± 67.2 GBq/ μmol). PET data was reconstructed using OSEM2D (4 subsets, 16 iterations). The data was not corrected for attenuation and scatter.Relevant VOI’s were delineated through registration of PET/CT images with a predefined mouse brain VOI template and tracer uptake was quantified through standardized uptake value (SUV). Results Both [11C]-PiB and [18F]-FBB demonstrated significant uptake in APPPS1-21 mice with the highest significance revealed in the hippocampus (p=0.0002 and p Conclusions The strain investigated is of paramount importance to successful β-amyloid imaging.
Training effect of a virtual reality haptics-enabled dynamic hip screw simulator (2015)

We found a significant training effect on the VR DHS simulator in improving objective performance metrics of naïve surgical trainees. Patient safety, an important priority, was not compromised.
Decrease in cerebral inositols in rats and humans (1993)

Rats with portacaval shunts and humans with hepatic encephalopathy show severe myo-inositol depletion in the brain. The portacaval-shunted rat may therefore be a useful model for the investigation of neurochemical pathways containing myoinositol, which are modulated not only in hepatic encephalopathy but also in diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.
HARPOON: An Obfuscation-Based SoC Design Methodology for Hardware Protection (2009)

Hardware intellectual-property (IP) cores have emerged as an integral part of modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs. However, IP vendors are facing major challenges to protect hardware IPs from IP piracy. This paper proposes a novel design methodology for hardware IP protection using netlist-level obfuscation. The proposed methodology can be integrated in the SoC design and manufacturing flow to simultaneously obfuscate and authenticate the design. Simulation results for a set of ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits and the advanced-encryption-standard IP core show that high levels of security can be achieved at less than 5% area and power overhead under delay constraint.
Determinants of the brain‐specific expression of the rat aldolase C gene: ex vivo and in vivo analysis (1993)

A 115-bp promoter fragment of the aldolase C gene is sufficient for conferring neural cell specificity on a reporter gene, in cultured PC12 cells and in transgenic mice. In vitro DNase I protection experiments detected two footprints on the promoter, termed boxes A/A', and B. The 5' A/A' box contains overlapping Sp1 and Krox20/Krox24 binding sites; it binds Sp1 in fibroblasts (box A') and a different complex in brain (box A). Any deletion or mutation of this box that impairs protein recognition also suppresses promoter activity. The replacement of box A/A' by a Sp1 consensus binding site results in the loss of the brain specificity of expression in transgenic mice. Further 3', box B is composed of a 5' direct repeat and a 3' GC box consisting of overlapping Sp1 and Krox20/Krox24 binding sites. Mutation of the direct repeat subregion appears to be more deleterious for the promoter activity than mutation of the G+C-rich subregion.
Detection of body position changes on the surface ECG (2003)

Changes in body position are sometimes mistaken for myocardial ischemia during ECG monitoring in the coronary care unit. Two different methods for detecting body position changes based on spatial and scalar approaches are investigated. These methods have been tested in two databases containing controlled body position changes, and ischemic episodes, respectively. The results show that reliable detection is possible in more than 90% of the cases.
Photoluminescence and scintillation of TlBr crystals at low temperatures (2019)

Abstract The photoluminescence and X-ray-induced radioluminescence properties of TlBr crystals were analyzed. We compared the samples cut from two parts of the crystal that are empirically known to be appropriate and inappropriate for semiconductor detectors. In the X-ray-induced radioluminescence spectra, two bands were observed at 490 and 650 nm for both the samples. We observed an additional band at 560 nm only for the inappropriate part of the crystal. We observed an emission band at 520 nm in the photoluminescence spectra of both the samples and attributed this to some defects near the surface on which photoexcitation occurs. Interestingly, an emission band at 560 nm appeared after thermal cycle from room temperature to 5 K and back to room temperature. Assuming that the thermal cycle introduced some distortions in the sample, the emission band at 560 nm could be related to lattice defects, such as dislocation, that are relevant to distortion.
Steam conversion of glycerol on Ni and Au-Ni catalysts (2010)

During primary screening, catalysts which enable production of syngas or hydrogen from glycerol with high yields under soft conditions were revealed. Nickel and nickel-gold catalysts on various supports support were studied in the reaction of steam conversion of glycerol. Nickel catalysts on acidic supports (F-Al2O3 and B2O3-Al2O3) were ascertained to provide 73% selectivity toward H2 at temperatures as low as 520°C, glycerol conversion amounting to 48%, which allows one to consider these catalysts to be applicable for H2 production from glycerol. 30% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst produced according to the original sol-gel procedure allows one to obtain syngas with a composition suitable for methanol production at relatively low temperatures (520–570°C) and almost complete glycerol conversion. A strongly pronounced synergetic effect was ascertained for 0.27% Au-0.09% Ni/Al2O3. Glycerol conversion on this catalyst at 570°C attains 67%; the composition of the resultant gas mixture is applicable for methanol production.
Regularization of Synchronized Chaotic Bursts (2001)

The onset of regular bursts in a group of irregularly bursting neurons with different individual properties is one of the most interesting dynamical properties found in neurobiological systems. In this paper we show how synchronization among chaotically bursting cells can lead to the onset of regular bursting. In order to clearly present the mechanism behind such regularization we model the individual dynamics of each cell with a simple two-dimensional map that produces chaotic bursting behavior similar to biological neurons.
Ultra-Thin Ferroelectric Films Modified by Bi 2 SiO 5 (2002)

In this study, we succeeded in obtaining films with excellent ferroelectric properties by introducing a dielectric material, Bi 2 SiO 5 (BSO), in typical ferroelectrics such as Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BIT), SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT), and PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 (PZT). By adding Bi 2 SiO 5 with a mol ratio from 0.05 to 0.4, crystallization temperatures of the films were lowered by 150 to 200°C and the surface of the crystallized films became very flat. Furthermore, the ferroelectric properties of these films were almost the same, or even better, than those of the original materials. Because of these excellent properties, very thin (13 to 25 nm thick) ferroelectric capacitors were successfully fabricated, in which the polarization was well saturated at an applied voltage of 0.5 V. Remnant polarization and coercive field for BSO added BIT, SBT and PZT were 20 w C/cm 2 and 100kV/cm, Pr=7 w C/cm 2 and 45kV/cm, Pr=22 w C/cm 2 and 38kV/cm, respectively.
Molecular specificity in photoacoustic microscopy by time-resolved transient absorption (2014)

We have recently harnessed transient absorption, a resonant two-photon process, for ultrahigh resolution photoacoustic microscopy, achieving nearly an order of magnitude improvement in axial resolution. The axial resolution is optically constrained due to the two-photon process unlike traditional photoacoustic microscopy where the axial resolution is inversely proportional to the frequency bandwidth of the detector. As a resonant process, the arrival time of the two photons need not be instantaneous. Systematically recording the signal as a function of the delay between two pulses will result in the measurement of an exponential decay whose time constant is related to the molecular dynamics. This time constant, analogous to the fluorescence lifetime, but encompassing nonradiative decay as well, can be used to differentiate between molecular systems with overlapping absorption spectra. This is frequently the situation for closely related yet distinct molecules such as redox pairs. In order to enable the measure of the exponential decay, we have reconfigured our transient absorption ultrasonic microscopy (TAUM) system to incorporate two laser sources with precisely controlled pulse trains. The system was tested by measuring Rhodamine 6G, an efficient laser dye where the molecular dynamics are dominated by the fluorescence pathway. As expected, the measured exponential time constant or ground state recovery time, 3.3±0.7 ns, was similar to the well-known fluorescence lifetime, 4.11±0.05 ns. Oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin are the quintessential pair whose relative concentration is related to the local blood oxygen saturation. We have measured the ground state recovery times of these two species in fully oxygenated and deoxygenated bovine whole blood to be 3.7±0.8 ns and 7.9±1.0 ns, respectively. Hence, even very closely related pairs of molecules may be differentiated with this technique.
Characterizing the short-latency evoked response to intracortical microstimulation across a multi-electrode array (2022)

<i>Objective.</i>Persons with tetraplegia can use brain-machine interfaces to make visually guided reaches with robotic arms. Without somatosensory feedback, these movements will likely be slow and imprecise, like those of persons who retain movement but have lost proprioception. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) has promise for providing artificial somatosensory feedback. ICMS that mimics naturally occurring neural activity, may allow afferent interfaces that are more informative and easier to learn than stimulation evoking unnaturalistic activity. To develop such biomimetic stimulation patterns, it is important to characterize the responses of neurons to ICMS.<i>Approach.</i>Using a Utah multi-electrode array, we recorded activity evoked by both single pulses and trains of ICMS at a wide range of amplitudes and frequencies in two rhesus macaques. As the electrical artifact caused by ICMS typically prevents recording for many milliseconds, we deployed a custom rapid-recovery amplifier with nonlinear gain to limit signal saturation on the stimulated electrode. Across all electrodes after stimulation, we removed the remaining slow return to baseline with acausal high-pass filtering of time-reversed recordings.<i>Main results.</i>After single pulses of stimulation, we recorded what was likely transsynaptically-evoked activity even on the stimulated electrode as early as ∼0.7 ms. This was immediately followed by suppressed neural activity lasting 10-150 ms. After trains, this long-lasting inhibition was replaced by increased firing rates for ∼100 ms. During long trains, the evoked response on the stimulated electrode decayed rapidly while the response was maintained on non-stimulated channels.<i>Significance.</i>The detailed description of the spatial and temporal response to ICMS can be used to better interpret results from experiments that probe circuit connectivity or function of cortical areas. These results can also contribute to the design of stimulation patterns to improve afferent interfaces for artificial sensory feedback.
Functionalizing micro-3D-printed protein hydrogels for cell adhesion and patterning (2016)

The extracellular matrix has been shown to profoundly influence both cell morphology and numerous cellular processes - including adhesion, differentiation, and alignment - through a range of chemical, mechanical, and topographical features. In these studies, we investigate a versatile platform for functionalizing micro-3D-printed (μ-3DP) protein hydrogels via multiphoton excitation of benzophenone-biotin, a photoactivatable ligand capable of reacting with the hydrogel matrix, which is subsequently linked to a biotinylated cell-adhesive peptide through a NeutrAvidin® bridge. This functionalization strategy is potentially applicable to a broad range of hydrogel platforms, enabling biomolecules to be precisely patterned at specified locations within 3D materials. As proof-of-concept of this strategy's utility, we demonstrate that chemical modifications can be made to μ-3DP protein hydrogels that enable Schwann cells to be patterned without altering the mechanical or topographical properties of the hydrogel to an extent that influences SC cell adhesion. The ability to independently control potential cellular cues within in vitro cellular microenvironments is essential to investigating decoupled effects of biomaterial properties on cell-matrix interactions. In addition, we demonstrate feasibility for generating arbitrary immobilized chemical gradient profiles, a result that opens important opportunities for understanding and controlling haptotactic behaviors, such as directed migration, that are key to various tissue regeneration applications.
NKG2D–MICA Interaction: A Paradigm Shift in Innate Recognition (2018)

International audience
Separated at Birth (1999)

To the Editor: Cryptococcus neoformans produces a phenol oxidase (laccase) that can synthesize melanin from a variety of substrates. A clinical isolate of C. neoformans was grown in the presence of...
TRAMP (2010)

Though partially automated, developing schema mappings remains a complex and potentially error-prone task. In this paper, we present TRAMP (TRAnsformation Mapping Provenance), an extensive suite of tools supporting the debugging and tracing of schema mappings and transformation queries. TRAMP combines and extends data provenance with two novel notions, transformation provenance and mapping provenance, to explain the relationship between transformed data and those transformations and mappings that produced that data. In addition we provide query support for transformations, data, and all forms of provenance. We formally define transformation and mapping provenance, present an efficient implementation of both forms of provenance, and evaluate the resulting system through extensive experiments.
A novel non-invasive electrical synchrony method to improve cardiac resynchronization therapy responders (2020)

Abstract Introduction Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has emerged as an important treatment for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (EF) despite optimal pharmacological therapy. Some studies showed non-responders rate near 30%. Nowaday there is no gold standard method for selection, evaluation and follow up on this group of patients. Multiple techniques used and operator dependence made echocardiogram failed. Synchromax 2 is a device designed to evaluate non-invasive electrical synchrony. It is fast, reproducible and non-operator dependent. Synchromax was evaluated and correlated with other techniques in previous studies. Objective Evaluate CRT response rate guided by electrical synchrony during the device implantation and follow up. Material and methods 43 patients were evaluated in an institution in Buenos Aires. A ICD-CRT was implanted in all patients due dilated cardiomyopathy, low EF (less than 35%) and left bundle branch block (LBBB). Non-invasive electrical synchrony evaluation (Synchromax 2) was performed in all patients in baseline condition, during device implantation and the follow up. Synchrony index and curves were analyzed. Curve type 4 and index between 0,4 and 0,7 were considered synchronous. Curve type 6 and 10 and index more than 0.7 were considered disynchronous. Interventricular intervals were modified to achieve the best curve and synchrony index. Super responders were considered when EF increased &amp;gt;50%. Baseline and 6 month after implantation echocardiogram were performed. Results Mean age 64 years. 39% females. Non-coronary dilated cardiomyopathy was main aetiology (63,1%). EF baseline average was 27%. A baseline index more than 0,7 was in 73,3% of the patients. Curve 6 was the most frequent (55,2%). Follow up average EF was 39% (increased 12%), the super responders rate was 18,6% (8 patients). Type 4 curve and index between 0,4 and 0,7 were achieved in 28 cases (65,1%). EF increased from 23% (baseline) to 42% (follow up). Average 19%. Type 4 curve was not achieved in 15 patients (34,9%). In this group, EF increased from 29% (baseline) to 34% (follow up). Average 5%. Conclusion Electrical synchrony evaluation using Synchromax 2 during ICD-CRT device implantation improves responders rate. When synchronous type 4 curve is achieved EF improves significantly. If type 4 curve is not found results will be unsuccessfully. Synchromax is fast, simple and non-operator dependent. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Low power high speed UWB modem (2009)

With many emerging technologies focusing on high speed data delivery at short distance, power consumption of the UWB modem must be optimized for it to be a competitive solution. We show that we can trade extra link margin with savings on power consumption effectively by changing the constraint length of convolutional code and using QPSK when operating at data rates 320 Mbps and up. We also present a new link adaptation algorithm using this flexibility, which provides 33% savings on power at LLR and Decoder blocks.
Recent Reviews. 46 (1997)

Reviews are listed in order of appearance in the sources indicated. In multidisciplinary review journals, only those reviews which fall within the scope of this Journal are included. Sources are listed alphabetically in three categories: regularly issued review journals and series volumes, contributed volumes, and other monographs. Titles are numbered serially, and these numbers are used for reference in the index. Major English-language sources of critical reviews are covered. Encyclopedic treatises, annual surveys such as Specialist Periodical Reports, and compilations of symposia proceedings are omitted. This installment of Recent Reviews covers principally the middle part of the 1997 literature. Previous installment: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62(14), 4886-94. These Recent Review articles are now also available in a database form on the ACS Organic Division WWW site http://www.organic.emory.edu/acsorg/