gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immediate versus delayed repair of partial mastectomy defects in breast conservation (2009)

There has been progress in the identification of factors that confer important risk for the development of breast cancer. The factors include: heritable mutations in susceptibility genes; exposure to therapeutic radiation during breast development (as for Hodgkin's disease survivors who received therapeutic radiation to the chest); and histologic lesions, including LCIS and atypical hyperplasias. Testing for mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast ovarian cancer susceptibility genes has become part of the established care of breast cancer patients. Genetic information from BRCA1/2 testing is used to help healthy at-risk women to avoid breast and/or ovarian cancer, and ultimately to avoid death from those cancers. Data accumulated over the past decade have provided evidence that breast cancer surveillance can be improved with the addition of breast MRI, that prophylactic oophorectomy substantially reduces the risk of ovarian cancer and, when performed before menopause, can reduce the risk of breast cancer as well, and that prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of breast cancer by more than 90%. It has been observed that approximately 80% of BRCA1-associated breast cancers are negative for ER, PR and HER2 (so-called triple negative) and cluster with basal-like breast cancers by DNA microarray, while 80% of BRCA2-associated breast cancers are ER + and PR + , but HER2 negative, and luminal. These data are surprising given the close relationships between these genes in their DNA repair activities, and raise some concern that hormonal interventions will not successfully reduce the risk of BRCA1-associated breast cancers. Other strategies may be necessary to reduce breast cancer risk for this group. Genetic information has been shown to have important implications for women with breast cancer as well. Women with strong family histories of breast and/or ovarian cancer, and women diagnosed before age 40 may consider testing at the time of breast cancer diagnosis if they would use the information to make treatment decisions. Some women choose bilateral mastectomies over breast-conserving treatment if they learn that their risk of second primary breast cancer exceeds 50%, and if their prognosis from the original breast cancer is good. Some women opt for oophorectomy as part of the management of their ER + breast cancer if they are premenopausal mutation carriers (and could participate in TEXT).
Radar Gesture Recognition System in Presence of Interference using Self-Attention Neural Network (2019)

Gesture recognition provides an easy, convenient and intuitive way of remotely controlling several consumer electronics devices such as audio devices, television sets, projector or gaming consoles. In recent years, radar sensors have been shown to be effective sensing modality to sense and recognize fine-grained dynamic finger-gestures in watch or smartphone and thus offers an user-friendly human-computer interface in ultrashort range applications. However, hand-gesture recognition from a farther distance such as to control consumer devices like TV or projector pose challenge particularly arising due to interferences from multiple humans in the field of view. In this paper, we present a novel unguided spatio-Doppler attention mechanism to enable hand-gesture recognition in presence of multiple humans using a low power, compact 60-GHz FMCW radar operated in 500MHz ISM frequency band. The spatio-Doppler mechanism in 2D deep convolutional neural network with long short term memory (2D CNN-LSTM) makes use of the range-Doppler images and range-angle images. We experimentally present the classification accuracy of 94.75% of our proposed system on test dataset using eight gestures, namely wave, push forward, pull, left swipe, right swipe, clockwise rotate, anti-clockwise rotate, cross, in presence of interfering people, such as walking or arbitrary movements.
Ageing and Cancer: The Telomere and Telomerase Connection (2001)

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes. Telomerase, a cellular reverse transcriptase, helps stabilize telomere length in human stem, reproductive and cancer cells by adding TTAGGG repeats onto the telomeres. Each time a telomerase-negative cell divides some telomeric sequences are lost. When telomeres are short, cells enter an irreversible growth arrest state called replicative senescence. In most instances cells become senescent before they can become cancerous, thus the growth arrest induced by short telomeres may be a potent anti-cancer mechanism. Since most cancers express telomerase, maintenance of telomere stability is likely to be required for the long-term viability of tumours. Inhibition of telomerase results in gradual erosion of telomeres followed by cessation of proliferation or apoptosis, and thus may be a promising target for cancer therapy. Introduction of the telomerase catalytic protein component into telomerase-silent cells is sufficient to restore telomerase activity and extend cellular life span. However, cells with introduced telomerase are not cancer cells since they have not accumulated the other changes needed to become cancerous. This indicates that telomerase-induced telomere length manipulations may have utility for tissue engineering and for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic diseases including cancer.
Unusually high coercivity at room temperature in CoFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ nanoparticles (2003)

Summary form only given. Preparing high coercivity CoFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ nanoparticles suitable for high-density recording is still a challenge. The theoretical values for a random system of spherical, non-interacting single-domain CoFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ particles with cubic anisotropy have been predicted to be: M/sub s/ (300 K)=80.8 emu/gm, H/sub c/(300 K)=5.3 kOe and M/sub r//M/sub s/=0.83. Here, for the first time, we report the synthesis of CoFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ nanoparticles of about 40 nm with unusual high coercivity of 4.3 kOe at room temperature (RT).
Improving the Accuracy and Speed of Support Vector Machines (1996)

Support Vector Learning Machines (SVM) are finding application in pattern recognition, regression estimation, and operator inversion for ill-posed problems. Against this very general backdrop, any methods for improving the generalization performance, or for improving the speed in test phase, of SVMs are of increasing interest. In this paper we combine two such techniques on a pattern recognition problem. The method for improving generalization performance (the &amp;quot;virtual support vector&amp;quot; method) does so by incorporating known invariances of the problem. This method achieves a drop in the error rate on 10,000 NIST test digit images of 1.4% to 1.0%. The method for improving the speed (the &amp;quot;reduced set&amp;quot; method) does so by approximating the support vector decision surface. We apply this method to achieve a factor of fifty speedup in test phase over the virtual support vector machine. The combined approach yields a machine which is both 22 times faster than the original machine, and which has ...
γ-Fe2O3 Nanocrystalline Microspheres with Hybrid Behavior of Battery-Supercapacitor for Superior Lithium Storage (2015)

Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanocrystalline microspheres (MNMs) self-assembled with 52 nm nanocrystals bridged with FeOOH around grain boundaries were formed by solvothermal reaction and thermal oxidation. The unique architecture endows the MNMs with the lithium storage behavior of a hybrid battery-supercapacitor electrode: initial charge capacity of 1060 mAh g(-1) at the 100 mA g(-1) rate, stable cyclic capacity of 1077.9 mAh g(-1) at the same rate after 140 cycles, and rate capability of 538.8 mAh g(-1) at 2400 mA g(-1). This outstanding performance was attributed to the nanocrystal superiority, which shortens the Li(+) diffusion paths. The mechanism of this hybrid anode material was investigated with experimental measurements and structural analysis. The results indicate that at the first discharge, the MNM nanocrystal microsphere, whose structure can buffer the volume change that occurs during lithiation/delithiation, goes through four stages: Li(+) insertion in cation vacancies, spinel-to-rocksalt transformation, Li(+) intercalation of Li(1.75+x)Fe2O3 nanocrystals, and interfacial Li storage around nanocrystal boundaries. Only the latter two stages were reversible at and after the second charging/discharging cycle, exhibiting the hybrid behavior of a battery-supercapacitor with superior lithium storage.
Agents on the Web: Ontologies for Agents (1997)

When we need to find the cheapest airfare, we call our travel agent, Betsi, at Prestige Travel. We are able to communicate with Betsi because we all speak the same language, English, and we all understand the basic elements of the subject matter under discussion, such as tickets, planes, destinations, departure times, and fares. But, suppose it is after hours and we are all busy, so we would instead like our software agent to contact Betsi’s software agent and arrange our flights. None of our agents understands English, so how can they communicate? Ontologies may be the answer. “What are ontologies?” An ontology is a computational model of some portion of the world. It is often captured in some form of a semantic network—a graph whose nodes are concepts or individual objects and whose arcs represent relationships or associations among the concepts. Properties and attributes, constraints, functions, and rules that govern the behavior of the concepts augment the semantic network.
Sampling and processing for compressive holography [Invited] (2011)

Compressive holography applies sparsity priors to data acquired by digital holography to infer a small number of object features or basis vectors from a slightly larger number of discrete measurements. Compressive holography may be applied to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) images from two-dimensional (2D) measurements or to reconstruct 2D images from sparse apertures. This paper is a tutorial covering practical compressive holography procedures, including field propagation, reference filtering, and inverse problems in compressive holography. We present as examples 3D tomography from a 2D hologram, 2D image reconstruction from a sparse aperture, and diffuse object estimation from diverse speckle realizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexaisopropoxyditungsten and Dodecaisopropoxytetratungsten: W2(O‐iPr)6 and W4(O‐iPr)12. Part 2. Studies of Cluster Dynamics and the Equilibrium Between the 12‐Electron Cluster and Two Metal‐Metal Triple Bonds. A Symmetry‐Allowed (π2 s + π2 s) Cycloaddition Reaction and Comparisons with the Chemistry of Cyclobutadiene. (1989)

Abstract The dynamic behavior and the interconversion of the 12‐electron cluster (I) and the metal‐metal triply bonded compound (II) are investigated.
Effects of unweighting on gait kinematics during walking on a lower-body positive-pressure treadmill in patients with hip osteoarthritis (2021)

Unweighting by the LBPP treadmill decreased pain in the hip OA group but did not drastically alter the gait kinematics compared with that in the control group. Therefore, regarding the use of the LBPP treadmill for patients with hip OA, clinicians should consider the benefits of pain reduction rather than the kinematic changes.
Long‐acting and extended‐release implant and nanoformulations with a synergistic antiretroviral two‐drug combination controls HIV‐1 infection in a humanized mouse model (2021)

The HIV pandemic has affected over 38 million people worldwide with close to 26 million currently accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART). A major challenge in the long-term treatment of HIV-1 infection is nonadherence to ART. Long-acting antiretroviral (LA-ARV) formulations, that reduce dosing frequency to less than once a day, are an urgent need that could tackle the adherence issue. Here, we have developed two LA-ART interventions, one an injectable nanoformulation, and the other, a removable implant, for the delivery of a synergistic two-drug ARV combination comprising a pre-clinical nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), Compound I, and the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine. The nanoformulation is poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide)-based and the implant is a copolymer of ω-pentadecalactone and <i>p-</i>dioxanone, poly(PDL-<i>co</i>-DO), a novel class of biocompatible, biodegradable materials. Both the interventions, packaged independently with each ARV, released sustained levels of the drugs, maintaining plasma therapeutic indices for over a month, and suppressed viremia in HIV-1-infected humanized mice for up to 42 days with maintenance of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. These data suggest promise in the use of these new drugs as LA-ART formulations in subdermal implant and injectable mode.
A parallel Steiner heuristic for wirelength estimation of large net populations (2002)

The authors discuss techniques to produce Steiner trees for a large population of nets, e.g., 1000 to 5000 nets, in parallel. This problem arises in iterative-improvement layout strategies that perturb not just a single placed object, but a few thousand objects simultaneously. Such strategies are the focus of work on mapping large placement problems onto massively parallel computers. The authors present a new heuristic that computes Steiner trees for an arbitrary number of nets, each with an arbitrary number of terminals, in essentially constant time given sufficient data-parallel machine resources and a constant distribution of net sizes. Experiments on a Connection Machine demonstrate that it is possible to create good Steiner trees for a few thousand nets in a few hundred milliseconds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Late complex tensile fracturing interacts with topography at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (2023)

Volcanic eruptions are often preceded by episodes of in ation and emplacement of magma along tensile fractures. Here we study the 2021 Tajogaite-Cumbre Vieja eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, and present evidence for tensile fractures dissecting the new cone during the terminal stage of the eruption. We use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations, together with drone images and time-lapse camera data, to determine the timing, scale and complexities associated with a fracturing event, which is diverging at a topographic ridge. By comparing the field dataset with analogue models, we further explore the details of lens-shaped fractures that are characteristic for faults diverging at topographic highs and converging at topographic lows. The observations made at Cumbre Vieja and in our models are transferrable to other volcanoes and add further evidence that topography is substantially affecting the geometry and complexity of fractures and magma pathways, and the locations of eruptions.
Two Phases of Inflammatory Mediator Production Defined by the Study of IRAK2 and IRAK1 Knock-in Mice (2013)

The roles of IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)2 and IRAK1 in cytokine production were investigated using immune cells from knock-in mice expressing the TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) binding-defective mutant IRAK2[E525A] or the catalytically inactive IRAK1[D359A] mutant. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), the IRAK2-TRAF6 interaction was required for the late (2-8 h) but not the early phase (0-2 h) of il6 and tnfa mRNA production, and hence for IL-6 and TNF-α secretion by TLR agonists that signal via MyD88. Loss of the IRAK2-TRAF6 interaction had little effect on the MyD88-dependent production of anti-inflammatory molecules produced during the early phase, such as Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1, and a modest effect on IL-10 secretion. The LPS/TLR4-stimulated production of il6 and tnfa mRNA and IL-6 and TNF-α secretion was hardly affected, because the Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) signaling pathway was used instead of the IRAK2-TRAF6 interaction to sustain late-phase mRNA production. IRAK1 catalytic activity was not rate limiting for il6, tnfa, or il10 mRNA production or the secretion of these cytokines by BMDMs, but IFN-β mRNA induction by TLR7 and TLR9 agonists was greatly delayed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from IRAK1[D359A] mice. In contrast, IFN-β mRNA production was little affected in pDCs from IRAK2[E525A] mice, but subsequent IFN-α mRNA production and IFN-α secretion were reduced. IFN-β and IFN-α production were abolished in pDCs from IRAK1[D359A] × IRAK2[E525A] double knock-in mice. Our results establish that the IRAK2-TRAF6 interaction is rate limiting for the late, but not the early phase of cytokine production in BMDM and pDCs, and that the IRAK2-TRAF6 interaction is needed to sustain IκB-inducing kinase β activity during prolonged activation of the MyD88 signaling network. [corrected]
Single molecule white emission by intra- and inter-molecular charge transfer (2020)

White emission in single molecules constructed with intra- and inter-molecular charge transfer.
Computer Aided-Design for robust UHF RFID antenna (2010)

International audience
Selective stalling of human translation through small-molecule engagement of the ribosome nascent chain (2017)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here, we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34, mediated by the sequence of the nascent chain within the exit tunnel. We further show that PF-06446846 reduces plasma PCSK9 and total cholesterol levels in rats following oral dosing. Using ribosome profiling, we demonstrate that PF-06446846 is highly selective for the inhibition of PCSK9 translation. The mechanism of action employed by PF-06446846 reveals a previously unexpected tunability of the human ribosome that allows small molecules to specifically block translation of individual transcripts.
Diodelike response of high‐latitude plasma in magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling in the presence of field‐aligned currents (1992)

The dynamic processes in the plasma along high‐latitude field lines plays an important role in ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling process. We have created a time‐dependent, large‐scale simulation of these dynamics parallel to the geomagnetic field lines from the ionosphere well into the magnetosphere. The plasma consists of hot e − and H+ of magnetospheric origin and low‐energy e −, H+, and O+ of ionospheric origin. Including multiple electron species, a major improvement to the model, has allowed us for the first time to simulate the upward current region properly and to dynamically simulate the diodelike response of the field‐line plasma to the parallel currents coupling the ionosphere and magnetosphere. It is shown that return currents flow with small resistance, while upward currents produce kilovolt‐sized potential drops along the field, as concluded from satellite observations. The kilovolt potential drops are due to the effect of the converging magnetic field on the high‐energy magnetospheric electrons.
Combustion Noise of Auxiliary Power Units (2005)

Noise from auxiliary power units (APU) is an important contributor to the overall level of ramp noise. Currently, ramp noise is regulated by international governing bodies as well as by individual airport. A significant component of APU noise is combustion noise. In this study, the unique spectral shape of APU combustion noise is identified. It is found that the spectral shape is the same regardless of engine size, power setting and directivity. Also, it is practically the same as that of open flame combustion noise. The frequency at the peak of the combustion noise spectrum is found to lie in the narrow range between 250 to 350 Hz. The peak sound pressure level of a given APU varies as the square of the fuel consumption rate. In the literature, suggestions have been made concerning a second combustion noise mechanism arising from the passage of hot entropy spots through the exhaust nozzle or constriction. In this investigation, no evidence has been found to indicate the existence of a second APU combustion noise component.
Design of pattern-specific mask grating for giving the effect of an off-axis illumination (2008)

In order to realize the effect of pattern-specific off-axis illumination under the conventional circular illumination, the illumination method using a mask grating formed on the top side of a photo mask was evaluated and improved. Contrary to an off-axis illumination, it could provide the locally different off-axis illumination depending on the pattern shape defined on the bottom side of a mask. The structure of the mask grating was determined from the feature characteristics of the mask pattern and its performance was evaluated with the simulated Bossung curves.
Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition/open flow thallium annealing route to epitaxial Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 thin films (1994)

Phase-pure epitaxial Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 thin films have been grown on single crystal (110) LaAlO3 substrates using an improved metal-organic chemical vapor deposition process. First, Ba-Ca-Cu-Ox precursor films are grown on LaAlO3 (110) substrates using Ba(hfa)2⋅tet, Ca(hfa)2⋅tet, and Cu(hfa)2 (hfa=hexafluoroacetylacetonate; tet=tetraglyme) as volatile metalorganic precursors. Thallium is then incorporated into the films during a post-anneal in the presence of a Tl2O3, BaO, CaO, CuO powder mixture at 820 °C for 12 h in a flowing 10% O2/Ar atmosphere. The films have a transport-measured Tc=115 K and Jc=1.5×105 A/cm2 (80 K), while magnetic hysteresis measurements yield Jc=6×105 A/cm2 (77 K). Preliminary surface resistance measurements give Rs=0.35 mΩ at 5 K, 10 GHz.
Trifluoromethyloxadiazoles: inhibitors of histone deacetylases for control of Asian soybean rust (2020)

Fungal class II HDACs are potential target enzymes for the control of at least some biotrophic crop diseases, in particular Asian soybean rust. As with any novel mode-of-action, class II HDAC fungicides would offer the potential to control fungal isolates that show reduced sensitivity toward existing commercial fungicides.
Aliovalent-Doping Effects on the Surface Activity of Mesoporous CeO2 toward Nerve Agent Simulant DMMP Decomposition (2022)

Aliovalent doping is frequently used as a strategy to modify the chemical and physical behavior of fluorite-type CeO2. Ceria has been proven to be active toward room-temperature decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a chemical warfare agent simulant. Here, we systematically explore how alio-doping influences the interaction between mesoporous CeO2 and DMMP molecules at room temperature and under ambient conditions. We dope mesoporous CeO2 with 10, 20, and 30% Y3+ and perform in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and ex situ solid-state 31P NMR to understand surface speciation after exposing the mesoporous metal oxides to DMMP. We also monitor the reaction product methanol via mass spectrometry. All the measurements consistently show that doping with Y3+ gradually impedes the reactivity of mesoporous CeO2 toward DMMP decomposition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and CO adsorption infrared indicate that Y3+ doping may cause decreased activity of mesoporous CeO2 by increasing hydroxylation and limiting the exposure of the active (111) surface. La3+- and Gd3+-doped mesoporous CeO2 also display similar decreased activity toward DMMP decomposition compared with pure mesoporous CeO2, implying a general trend of impact of alio-doping on CeO2 interacting with DMMP. We conclude that control of surface hydroxylation and preferred crystal surface exposure are key toward improving the performance of CeO2 toward DMMP dissociation.