gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug-coated Balloons – Potential Coronary Vascular Applications (2011)

One of the most innovative fields in modern medical research is the percutaneous transluminal treatment of vascular disease. During the last few decades considerable advances have been made in intravascular interventions for the treatment of coronary and peripheral arterial disease. However, long-term outcome remains an area of concern in many applications. Restenosis is still a challenge in endovascular medicine and has thus been referred to as the Achilles’ heel of percutaneous intervention. Therefore, novel strategies have been developed to overcome this problem. These include drug-eluting stents and the more recently introduced non-stent-based local drug delivery systems, in particular the drug-coated balloon. The results of several pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that short-term exposure of injured arteries to paclitaxel delivered from regular angioplasty balloons may be sufficient to reduce late lumen loss and restenosis rates during the critical period after angioplasty of diseased coronary and peripheral arteries. Although the number of published trials and patients treated is still limited, the available data seem to prove that restenosis inhibition by immediate drug release is feasible. This article reviews the potential applications of the drug-coated balloon in coronary vascular disease.
A Mathematical Model of Ultra-Thin Catalyst Layer in PEFC (2007)

A mathematical model for an ultra-thin catalyst layer in PEFCs is introduced. It utilizes Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations. Calculated polarization curves are shown to compare favourably with published experimental data for ultra-thin catalyst layers. Aspects of current conversion, reactant, current distribution, and catalyst utilization are explored. The effect of catalyst layers thickness on the Pt utilization is discussed. This study gives us a better understanding of transport and reaction at the mesoscopic scale and it furnishes the directions for optimization of this type of catalyst layer.
Measurement of Young's modulus of primary cilia by using optical tweezers (2007)

Most renal tubular epithelial cells possess primary cilia that protrude into the tubular lumen, where they are exposed to urine flow. The cilia of the epithelia curve with the urine flow within the renal tubules. The primary cilium of renal epithelium has been assumed to be a mechano-sensor of the urine flow. However, the mechanical characteristics of the cilium of an each cell are not well assessed. In this study, we measured Young's modulus of each primary cilium by using optical tweezers. First, we developed a system to manipulate each primary cilium of living tubular epithelial cells in situ by using optical tweezers. We adopted flexible-substratum technique to visualize individual micron-sized primary cilia of the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines. Through the use of the flexible-substratum technique, the primary cilia of MDCK cells could be clearly imaged from the side. We showed that we could apply minute force to polystyrene microspheres stuck on the tip of the cilia by using optical tweezers. The Young's modulus of each primary cilium was successfully examined by measuring the displacement of the microsphere. We concluded that this methodology enables us to manipulate each primary cilium minutely and to estimate the elasticity of an individual primary cilium.
Obesity and Breast Cancer Metastasis across Genomic Subtypes (2022)

Understanding how risk factors for metastasis interact may help in tailoring care plans and surveillance among patients with breast cancer.
Conserved Structural Mechanisms for Autoinhibition in IpaH Ubiquitin Ligases (2011)

The IpaH family of novel E3 ligase (NEL) enzymes occur in a variety of pathogenic and commensal bacteria that interact with eukaryotic hosts. We demonstrate that the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) substrate recognition domains of different IpaH enzymes autoinhibit the enzymatic activity of the adjacent catalytic novel E3 ligase domain by two distinct but conserved structural mechanisms. Autoinhibition is required for the in vivo biological activity of two IpaH enzymes in a eukaryotic model system. Autoinhibition was retro-engineered into a constitutively active IpaH enzyme from Yersinia pestis by introduction of single site substitutions, thereby demonstrating the conservation of autoregulatory infrastructure across the IpaH enzyme family.
Pharmacological characterization and antidiabetic activity of a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue conjugated to an antithrombin III ‐binding pentasaccharide (2015)

These data show that d-Ala(8) GLP-1(Lys(37) ) pentasaccharide exerts significant antidiabetic actions and has a projected pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile that merits further evaluation in humans for a possible once-weekly dosing regimen.
Cache-aided millimeter wave Ad-Hoc networks (2018)

In this paper, we Investigate the performance of cache enabled millimeter wave (mmWave) ad-hoc network, where randomly distributed nodes are supported by a cache memory. Specifically, we study the optimal caching placement at the desirable mmWave node using a network model that accounts for the uncertainties in node locations and blockages. We then characterize the average success probability of content delivery. As a desirable side effect, certain factors like the density of nodes and increased antenna gain, can significantly increase the cache hit ratio in mmWave networks. However, a trade-off between the cache hit probability and the average successful content delivery probability with respect to the density of nodes is presented.
Navigating through Dense Annotation Spaces (2008)

Pattern matching, or querying, over annotations is a general purpose paradigm for inspecting, navigating, mining, and transforming annotation repositories—the common representation basis for modern pipelined text processing frameworks. Configurability of such frameworks and expressiveness of feature structure-based annotation schemes account for the ‘high density ’ of some such annotation repositories. This particular characteristic makes challenging the design of a pattern matching engine, capable of interpreting (or impos-ing) flat patterns over an arbitrarily dense annotation lattice. We present an approach where a finite state device carries out the application of (compiled) grammars over what is, in effect, a linearized ‘projection ’ of a unique route through the lattice; a route derived by a mix of static pattern (grammar) analysis and interpretation of navigational directives within the extended grammar formalism. Our approach achieves a mix of finite state scanning and lattice traversal for expressive and efficient pattern matching in dense annotations stores. 1. Dense Annotation Spaces Recent years have seen a strong trend towards evolving no-tions of robust and scalable architectures for natural lan-guage processing, crucially utilizing annotation-based rep-resentation for recording, and transmitting, results of indi-vidual component analysis (Cunningham and Scott, 2004). Beyond the generalized view of annotation formats de-veloped in (Bird and Liberman, 2001), annotation-based representational schemes have evolved to support complex data models and multiply-layered annotation-based analy-ses over the same corpus. For instance, to address some issues of reusability, interoperability and portability, (Hahn et al., 2007) at JULIE Lab1 have developed a comprehen-sive annotation type system capturing document structure and meta-information, together with linguistic information at morphological, syntactic and semantic levels. This nat-urally will result in multiple annotations over the same text spans. Orthogonally, initiatives like the NSF project on Unified Linguistic Annotation (ULA) and the Linguis-tic Annotation Framework (LAF) developed within ISO2
Association of expression of ERG oncoprotein with development of disease recurrence and prostate cancer-specific mortality. (2012)

e15207 Background: ETS-Related Gene (ERG) protein is present in approximately half of prostate cancer (PCa) specimens and correlates with TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement. ERG oncogenic activation is believed to be a causal genomic alteration in a significant portion of PCa, its prognostic value in disease progression remains uncertain. This study evaluated ERG levels at radical prostatectomy (RP) to determine if it was predictive of earlier relapse or prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). Methods: From 1954-1997, 1004 consecutive patients underwent RP at Virginia Mason Medical Center in Seattle. Recurrence was confirmed by tissue diagnosis or radiographic signs. Death certificates confirmed PCSM. Patients without tissue were excluded. 34 patients with metastases or PCSM were matched to patients without recurrence at a 1:2 ratio. Paraffin embedded tissue was stained with two anti-ERG monoclonal antibodies, clone 9FY (Furustao et al., PCPD, 2010) and clone EPR3864 (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA). A pathologist evaluated the nuclear expression intensity using a 4-point scale. Statistical analysis was performed on SAS. Results: Mean follow up was 10.26 yrs.Antibody 9FY detected ERG in 10/16 (62.5%) PCSM and 24/44 (54.6%) no recurrence patients. Cancer expression intensity was higher from patients that developed recurrent disease, 0.99 vs 1.59 (p = 0.0265) and PCSM 2.09 (p = 0.0002). Antibody EPR3864 detected ERG in 11/17 (64.7%) PCSM and 26/48 (52.1%) no recurrence patients. Cancer expression intensity was higher from patients that developed recurrent disease, 0.97 vs 1.64 (p = 0.011) and PCSM, 2.30 (p &lt; 0.0001). The two antibodies were independent of PSA and grade and were highly correlated with each other (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: ERG expression at time of surgery was prognostic for the development of disease recurrence and PCSM. Previous studies have shown an increased lifetime risk of PCSM with ERG expression in a surveillance cohort. This is the first report linking PCSM to ERG expression in men treated with surgery. ERG scoring may be a useful metric to identify patients who would benefit from adjuvant treatment or closer follow-up, allowing more accurate individual patient treatment plans.
<title>Fast beam steering cholesteric diffractive devices</title> (1999)

Electrically-controlled diffractive gratings are developed on the basis of cholesteric liquid crystal confined between two transparent non-patterned electrodes. The electrodes are coated with alignment layers providing either planar or homeotropic anchoring. For planar alignment the applied electric field causes reorientation of initial (zero field) planar state and creates 1D modulated structures in the plane of the cell. The modulations occur via two distinct scenarios: (1) nucleation and expansion of `stripes' and (2) undulation of quasinematic layers in the plane normal to the cell's plates. the process (2) is faster since it does not require overcoming an energy barrier. In cells with homeotropic surface alignment modulated structures exist without applied voltage. Magnetic field is used to provide uniform orientation of these structures. Confocal microscope studies and 2D computer simulations are carried out to reveal the fine structure of the diffractive gratings.
Water Supply System Rehabilitation (1987)

This report was prepared to assist practicing engineers meet the challenge of rehabilitating old drinking water systems, many of which have been in existence for over 100 years and are deteriorating for a variety of reasons. Water systems inventory is covered first. Problems associated with different types of facilities are discussed separately including rehabilitation and maintenance of wells, water supply dams and reservoirs, water pumping station rehabilitation, water treatment plant rehabilitation, water main breaks, distribution system testing and rehabilitation techdniques, piping system cleaning, and rehabilitation and maintenance of steel water storage tanks. Special sections are included on preventative maintenance and financing rehabilitation projects.
Computer generated holograms for carbon nanotube arrays (2013)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes are highly diffractive structures in the optical regime. Their metallic character and large scattering cross-section allow their usage as diffractive elements in Fraunhofer holograms. This work elaborates some important features of the far field diffraction patterns produced from periodic arrays of nanotubes. A theoretical approach for the interaction of arrays of nanotubes with light is presented and a computer generated hologram is calculated by means of periodical patterns. Based on the results, fabrication of carbon nanotube arrays (in holographic patterns) was performed. Experimentally measured diffraction patterns were in good agreement with the calculations.
H-dibaryon and hypernucleus formation in theΞ−12Creaction at rest (2000)

Stopped-${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\mathrm{C}$ reactions have been investigated with respect to H-dibaryon and hypernucleus formation with a scintillating fiber detector. Out of $5.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ tagged ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ particles via the ${(K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{,K}^{+})$ reaction we obtained 72 stopping ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ events with ${6.7}_{\ensuremath{-}1.4}^{+1.1}$ background events after imposing kinematic constraints. Hypernuclear production has been studied by observing free \ensuremath{\Lambda} decays in the stopped-${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ reactions. From the observed \ensuremath{\Lambda} momentum spectrum, we have found the hypernuclear production rates to be $18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}13,$ $65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6,$ and $17\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12%$ for double/twin-\ensuremath{\Lambda} hypernucleus, single-\ensuremath{\Lambda} hypernucleus, and no hypernucleus cases, respectively. With the same sample, we set upper limits on R (stopped-${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{C}\mathrm{HX}$ /stopped-${\ensuremath{\Xi}}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{C}$ all) for $H$ decaying into $\ensuremath{\Lambda}n,$ ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p,$ and $\ensuremath{\Lambda}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ for $H$ masses just below $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ mass threshold and for $H$ lifetime range ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}&lt;~{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{H}&lt;~{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8} \mathrm{s}.$ The upper limits on $R$ are $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1--0.2,$ assuming all of the $H$ decay into each decay mode. Our results give a tight constraint on the existence of the bound $H,$ in comparison with the theoretical estimates of Aerts and Dover, albeit with different target nuclei.
MAP1LC3B overexpression protects against Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type-1-induced defective autophagy in vitro (2015)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, and some patients with HPS develop pulmonary fibrosis, known as HPS-associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP). We have previously reported that HPSIP is associated with severe surfactant accumulation, lysosomal stress, and alveolar epithelial cell type II (AECII) apoptosis. Here, we hypothesized that defective autophagy might result in excessive lysosomal stress in HPSIP. Key autophagy proteins, including LC3B lipidation and p62, were increased in HPS1/2 mice lungs. Electron microscopy demonstrated a preferable binding of LC3B to the interior of lamellar bodies in the AECII of HPS1/2 mice, whereas in wild-type mice it was present on the limiting membrane in addition to the interior of the lamellar bodies. Similar observations were noted in human HPS1 lung sections. In vitro knockdown of HPS1 revealed increased LC3B lipidation and p62 accumulation, associated with an increase in proapoptotic caspases. Overexpression of LC3B decreased the HPS1 knockdown-induced p62 accumulation, whereas rapamycin treatment did not show the same effect. We conclude that loss of HPS1 protein results in impaired autophagy that is restored by exogenous LC3B and that defective autophagy might therefore play a critical role in the development and progression of HPSIP.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Tertiary Nitrogen Compounds to N‐Oxides by Molecular Oxygen—Aldehyde System in the Absence of Metal Catalyst. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 3448: Dasatinib attenuates Src pathway signaling and combined with veliparib and carboplatin potently inhibits tumor growth in a preclinical model of TNBC (2019)

Abstract Background: The combination of a poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor with a DNA-damaging agent has shown promise in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, not all patients respond to this combination (Rugo HS et al. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2016). The Src protein kinase modulates multiple cancer cell properties and plays a key role in tumorigenic processes. However, Src inhibitors as single agents have shown limited effects in solid tumors (Finn RS et al. Clinical Cancer Research. 2011). In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of the Src inhibitor dasatinib, the PARP inhibitor veliparib, and the DNA-damaging agent carboplatin in TNBC cells in vitro and tumors in vivo to try to identify the combination with the most clinical potential. Methods: The KRAS/BRAF-mutated TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, was used in this study. For in vitro studies, proliferation, cellular apoptosis, and 3D on-top clonogenic growth were measured, tube formation assays and western blot analysis were performed. For in vivo studies, a xenograft model was used to examine treatment responses, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Results: Surprisingly, treatment with the combination of veliparib plus carboplatin led to an increase in Src phosphorylation. Importantly, addition of dasatinib attenuated Src overexpression induced by veliparib plus carboplatin and further inhibited the downstream signaling of Src, thereby enhancing the antitumor efficacy of veliparib plus carboplatin. In an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model, the triple combination of dasatinib with veliparib plus carboplatin showed greater tumor growth inhibitory effects compared with single agents or double combinations. No systemic toxicity was observed in mice treated with the triple combination. Conclusions: Here, we provide novel evidence that veliparib combined with carboplatin drives Src activation in the preclinical model tested. Moreover, we provide provocative in vitro and in vivo data highlighting the potential for increasing therapeutic efficacy by combining dasatinib with veliparib and carboplatin in patients with KRAS/BRAF-mutated TNBC. Citation Format: Yuliang Sun, Xiaoqian Lin, Jennifer C. Aske, Casey Williams, Mark Abramovitz, Brian Leyland-Jones. Dasatinib attenuates Src pathway signaling and combined with veliparib and carboplatin potently inhibits tumor growth in a preclinical model of TNBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3448.
A framework for automated tumor detection in thoracic FDG pet images using texture-based features (2009)

This paper proposes a novel framework for tumor detection in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images. A set of 8 second-order texture features obtained from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) across 26 offsets, together with uptake value was used to construct a feature vector at each voxel in the data. Volume of Interest (VOI) samples from 42 images (7 patients with 6 gates each), marked by a radiologist, representing 5 distinct anatomy types and pathology were used to train a logit boost classifier. A ten-fold cross-validation showed a true positive rate of 96%and a false positive rate of 8% for tumor classification. The test dataset consisted of 50 times 50 times 40 representative VOIs from gated PET images of 3 patients. The classifier was run on the test data, followed by an SUV-based thresholding and elimination of noise using connected component analysis. The method detected 10/12 (83%) tumors while detecting an average of 20 false positive structures.
Coordination Chemistry of Stable Radicals:  Homolysis of a Titanium−Oxygen Bond (2002)

Thermolysis of Cp2TiCl(TEMPO) (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) at 60 degrees C in a benzene/CCl4 mixture generates Cp2TiCl2. Kinetic studies implicate a mechanism involving the reversible cleavage of a Ti-O bond to generate the TEMPO radical and Cp2TiCl, which is trapped by CCl4 to give Cp2TiCl2. The rate of this reaction is strongly inhibited by added TEMPO and increases with increasing CCl4 concentration, indicating that the coupling of TEMPO to Cp2TiCl is faster than chloride atom abstraction from CCl4.
Distributed Inference over Decision Tree Ensembles on Clusters of FPGAs (2019)

Given the growth in data inputs and application complexity, it is often the case that a single hardware accelerator is not enough to solve a given problem. In particular, the computational demands and I/O of many tasks in machine learning often require a cluster of accelerators to make a relevant difference in performance. In this article, we explore the efficient construction of FPGA clusters using inference over Decision Tree Ensembles as the target application. The article explores several levels of the problem: (1) a lightweight inter-FPGA communication protocol and routing layer to facilitate the communication between the different FPGAs, (2) the data partitioning and distribution strategies maximizing performance, (3) and an in depth analysis on how applications can be efficiently distributed over such a cluster. The experimental analysis shows that the resulting system can support inference over decision tree ensembles at a significantly higher throughput than that achieved by existing systems.
Parallelsynthese von Sialyl-Lewis-X-Mimetika an fester Phase – ein Zugang zu Fucopeptid-Bibliotheken (1998)

Eine neuartige Ankergruppe, p-(Acyloxymethyl)benzylidenacetal (p-AMBA), ermöglicht die zweiseitige Funktionalisierung von glycosylierten Aminosäurederivaten und damit die rasche Festphasenparallelsynthese von Fucopeptiden als Sialyl-Lewis-X-Mimetika [Gl. (a); PEG-PS=Polyethylenglycol-Pfropfcopolymer]. Dies lieferte neue Mimetika gegen P-Selektin mit IC50-Werten im unteren μM-Bereich.