gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical investigation of Raputia simulans Kallunki (2008)

The genus Raputia Aubl. comprises 10 species of neotropical Rutaceae in the subtribe Cuspariinae. R. simulans Kallunki occurs in the upper Amazon basin of Brazil, Colombia and Peru [1]. Due to the rarity of the genus and the complicated taxonomy amongst similar genera (Raputia and Neoraputia), no actual phytochemical study of the genus Raputia has been reported so far. We report herein the investigation of the dichloromethane extract of the roots of R. simulans, which has led to the isolation of mainly indole type alkaloids. The isolation procedure was performed using HPLC and sephadex columns while the structure determination was based on 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Both monomers and dimers were isolated, bearing one and two indole moieties, respectively. Bisindole alkaloids appear to be common in some tropical plants of the Annonaceae and the Rutaceae family [2] [3]. One new simple indole with a non-fused furane ring was isolated, 5-(4-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-1H-indole (1), along with the previously isolated 7-(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-indole (2) [4], and the indole-5-carbaldehyde (3). The latter is referred as natural product for the first time.
Recent Advances in TOYOTA FCHV-adv Fuel Cell System (2010)

Toward the mass introduction start in 2015, Toyota continues efforts to overcome the remaining technical challenges for the commercialization of the TOYOTA FCHV. The cold start capability is one of the main issues among such challenges. An excess amount of water in fuel cells hinders the cold start, because the water turns into ice. On the other hand, when there is a lack of water in fuel cells, the initial FC output decreases. To resolve the issue of the cold start capability, the AC impedance measurement was employed for estimating the water content in the FC stack. Based on this, the water management system was developed, and it became possible to start up the FCHV at temperatures down to -30{degree sign}C.
Aggregation of Nitrido–Metal Complexes: The Example of [(η5‐C5Me5)Mo(N)Cl2] (1995)

The reactive nitridomolybdenum(VI) fragment 1 is available from the reaction of [CpMo2Cl6] with azides. Aggregation occurs in different ways depending on the conditions to afford compounds containing six-membered rings with either localized or delocalized metal–nitrogen multiple bonds. The nature and structure of the products indicates that 1 has a nucleophilic nitrido ligand.
Acoustic synthesis of training data for speech recognition in living room environments (2002)

Despite continuous progress in robust automatic speech recognition acoustic mismatch between training and test conditions is still a major problem. Consequently, large speech collections must be conducted in many environments. An alternative approach is to generate training data synthetically by filtering clean speech with impulse responses and/or adding noise signals from the target domain. We compare the performance of a speech recognizer trained on recorded speech in the target domain with a system trained on suitably transformed clean speech. In order to obtain comparable results, our experiments are based on two channel recordings with a close talk and a distant microphone which produce the clean signal and the target domain signal respectively. By filtering and adding noise we obtain error rates which are only 10% higher for natural number recognition and 30% higher for a command recognition task compared to training with target domain data.
A Miniaturized Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator with Integrated Rotary Blood Pump: Preclinical In Vivo Testing (2011)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can achieve sufficient gas exchange in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. A highly integrated extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (HEXMO) was developed to reduce filling volume and simplify management. Six female pigs were connected to venovenous HEXMO with a total priming volume of 125 ml for 4 hours during hypoxemia induced by a hypoxic inspired gas mixture. Animals were anticoagulated with intravenous heparin. Gas exchange, hemodynamics, hemolysis, and coagulation activation were examined. One device failed at the magnetic motor coupling of the integrated diagonal pump. In the remaining five experiments, the oxygenation increased significantly (arterial oxygen saturation [SaO2] from 79 ± 5% before HEXMO to 92% ± 11% after 4 hours) facilitated by a mean oxygen transfer of 66 ± 29 ml/dl through the oxygenator. The CO2 elimination by the HEXMO reduced arterial PaCO2 only marginal. Extracorporeal blood flow was maintained at 32% ± 6% of cardiac output. Hemodynamic instability or hemolysis was not observed. The plasmatic coagulation was only mildly activated without significant platelet consumption. The HEXMO prototype provided sufficient gas exchange to prevent hypoxemia. This proof of concept study supports further development and design modifications to increase performance and to reduce coagulation activation for potential long-term application.
Resilient Design of 5G Mobile-Edge Computing Over Intermittent mmWave Links (2019)

Two enablers of the 5th Generation (5G) of mobile communication systems are the high data rates achievable with millimeter-wave radio signals and the cloudification of the network's mobile edge, made possible also by Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). In 5G networks, user devices may exploit the high capacity of their mobile connection and the computing capabilities of the edge cloud to offload computational tasks to MEC servers, which run applications on devices' behalf. This paper investigates new methods to perform power- and latency-constrained offloading. First, aiming to minimize user devices' transmit power, the opportunity to exploit concurrent communication links between the device and the edge cloud is studied. The optimal number of channels for simultaneous transmission is characterized in a deterministic and a probabilistic scenario. Subsequently, blocking events that obstruct millimeter-wave channels making them `intermittent' are considered. Resource overprovisioning and error-correcting codes against asymmetric block erasures are proposed to jointly contrast blocking and exploit multi-link communications' diversity. The asymmetric block-erasure channel is characterized by a study of its outage probability. The analysis is performed in a framework that yields closed-form expressions. These, together with corroborating numerical results, are intended to provide reference points and bounds to optimal performance in practical applications.
Question Answering over Knowledge Bases by Leveraging Semantic Parsing and Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning. (2020)

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) is an important task in Natural Language Processing. Existing approaches face significant challenges including complex question understanding, necessity for reasoning, and lack of large training datasets. In this work, we propose a semantic parsing and reasoning-based Neuro-Symbolic Question Answering(NSQA) system, that leverages (1) Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) parses for task-independent question under-standing; (2) a novel path-based approach to transform AMR parses into candidate logical queries that are aligned to the KB; (3) a neuro-symbolic reasoner called Logical Neural Net-work (LNN) that executes logical queries and reasons over KB facts to provide an answer; (4) system of systems approach,which integrates multiple, reusable modules that are trained specifically for their individual tasks (e.g. semantic parsing,entity linking, and relationship linking) and do not require end-to-end training data. NSQA achieves state-of-the-art performance on QALD-9 and LC-QuAD 1.0. NSQA's novelty lies in its modular neuro-symbolic architecture and its task-general approach to interpreting natural language questions.
The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ (2013)

The recently described cribellate gradungulid Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997 is endemic to the Great Otway National Park (Victoria, Australia) and known from only one male and a few juvenile specimens. In a recent survey we recorded 47 specimens at several localities across the western part of the Great Otway National park. Our field data suggest that this species is dependant on the microclimate in the hollows of old myrtle beech trees since other hollow trees were very much less inhabited. Furthermore, we describe the female for the first time and study the male palpal organ by using X-ray microtomography. The female genitalia are characterized by eight spermathecae which are grouped in two quartets. The spermophor resembles the general organization of gradungulids, but is similar to Kaiya Gray, 1987 by a convoluted appearance within the embolus. The muscle 30 is located in the cymbium and resembles the organization of other non-entelegyne Araneomorphae.
High-average-power, quasi-three-level, diode-pumped solid-state lasers (1998)

Summary form only given. The physics, design principles, and implementing technologies of quasi three level (Q3L) diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs) (Yb:YAG, Tm:YAG, Ho:YAG) are outlined, using Yb:YAG as the defining example. Three distinct Yb:YAG DPSSL architectures are in development: the axially pumped active thin disk, the transversely pumped multipass rod, and the end-pumped rod or zig-zag slab.
Bayesian Image Recovery for Dendritic Structures Under Low Signal-to-Noise Conditions (2009)

Experimental research seeking to quantify neuronal structure constantly contends with restrictions on image resolution and variability. In particular, experimentalists often need to analyze images with very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In many experiments, dye toxicity scales with the light intensity; this leads experimentalists to reduce image SNR in order to preserve the viability of the specimen. In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach for estimating the neuronal shape given low-SNR observations. This Bayesian framework has two major advantages. First, the method effectively incorporates known facts about 1) the image formation process, including blur and the Poisson nature of image noise at low intensities, and 2) dendritic shape, including the fact that dendrites are simply-connected geometric structures with smooth boundaries. Second, we may employ standard Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques for quantifying the posterior uncertainty in our estimate of the dendritic shape. We describe an efficient computational implementation of these methods and demonstrate the algorithm's performance on simulated noisy two-photon laser-scanning microscopy images.
<title>Inverse approach to the calculation of elasticity maps for magnetic resonance elastography</title> (1998)

Acoustic shear waves of low frequency can be detected and measured using a phase contrast based magnetic resonance imaging technique called MR Elastography or correlation or phase measurement based echo ultrasound techniques. Spatio- temporal variations of displacements caused by the propagating waves can be used to estimate local values of the elasticity of the object being imaged. The currently employed technique for estimating the elasticity from the wave displacement maps, the local frequency estimator (LFE), has fundamental resolution limits and also has problems with shadowing and other refraction-related artifacts. These problems can be overcome with an inverse approach using Green's function integrals which directly solve the wave equation problem for the propagating wave. The complete measurements of wave displacements as a function of space and time over the object of interest obtained by the above techniques make possible an iterative approach to inversion of the wave equation to obtain elasticity and attenuation maps. The speed of convergence of such an iterative method can be improved by using LFE as the initial guess for the object function. This article describes the proposed and evaluates the improvements over the LFE for simulated data and in-vivo breast measurements.
Feedback Reduction in Uplink MIMO OFDM Systems by Chunk Optimization (2007)

The performance of multiuser MIMO systems can be significantly increased by channel-aware scheduling and signal processing at the transmitters based on channel state information. In the multipleantenna uplink multicarrier scenario, the base station decides centrally on the optimal signal processing and spectral power allocation as well as scheduling. An interesting challenge is the reduction of the overhead in order to inform the mobiles about their transmit strategies. In this work, we propose to reduce the feedback by chunk processing and quantization. We maximize the weighted sum rate of a MIMO OFDM MAC under individual power constraints and chunk size constraints. An efficient iterative algorithm is developed and convergence is proved. The feedback overhead as a function of the chunk size is considered in the rate computation and the optimal chunk size is determined by numerical simulations for various channel models. Finally, the issues of finite modulation and coding schemes as well as quantization of the precoding matrices are addressed.
Implementation of a high speed time resolved error detector utilising a high speed FPGA (2011)

We demonstrate a time-resolved bit error rate detector utilising a field programmable gate array. The proposed detector offers 93 ps resolution operating at 10.7 Gb/s and allows for all the data received to contribute to the measurement allowing low bit error rates to be measured at high speed. Via synchronisation of both the detector and a high speed scope, the bit error rate and the corresponding individual eyes are identified. The operation of the detector is demonstrated by characterising a fast switching tuneable laser.
A comparison of methods for determining urea distribution volume for routine use in on-line monitoring of haemodialysis adequacy (2008)

When investigating the effect of different treatment strategies on dialysis efficiency, any estimate of V can be used provided it is constant, as K is the relevant parameter. When frequent supervision of actual dialysis dose is required, the greatest consistency between K(OCM)t/V and the reference, Kt/V(D), over time is achieved with V(BIS).
Paracrine factors produced by bone marrow stromal cells induce apoptosis and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells (2010)

The reactive bone stromal microenvironment initially is hostile to PCa cells producing widespread apoptosis. Activation of transdifferentiation in a subset of apoptotic resistant cells may support phenotypic adaptation during disease progression in bone, eventually favoring lethal disease.
Band Gain-Clamped Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier by Using Optical Feedback Method (2004)

We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated an S band gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which provides an operation range from 1480 to 1520 nm by using an optical feedback method. The behavior and performance of gain clamping in S band have also been investigated experimentally under different operation conditions.
Genetic analysis of tropical maize inbred lines for resistance to maize lethal necrosis disease (2017)

Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease is a recent outbreak in eastern Africa and has emerged as a significant threat to maize production in the region. The disease is caused by the co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and any member of potyviridae family. A total of 28 maize inbred lines with varying levels of tolerance to MLN were crossed in a half-diallel mating design, and the resulting 340 F<sub>1</sub> crosses and four commercial checks were evaluated under MLN artificial inoculation at Naivasha, Kenya in 2015 and 2016 using an alpha lattice design with two replications. The objectives of the study were to (i) investigate the magnitude of general combining ability variance (σ<sub>GCA</sub> <sup>2</sup>) and specific combining ability variance (σ<sub>SCA</sub> <sup>2</sup>) and their interaction with years; (ii) evaluate the efficiencies of GCA based prediction and hybrid performance by means of a cross-validation procedure; (iii) estimate trait correlations in the hybrids; and (iv) identify the MLN tolerant single cross hybrids to be used as female parents for three-way cross hybrids. Results of the combined analysis of variance revealed that both GCA and SCA effects were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits except for ear rot. For MLN scores at early and late stages, GCA effects were 2.5-3.5 times higher than SCA effects indicating that additive gene action is more important than non-additive gene action. The GCA based prediction efficiency for MLN resistance and grain yield accounted for 67-90% of the variations in the hybrid performance suggesting that GCA-based prediction can be proposed to predict MLN resistance and grain yield prior to field evaluation. Three parents, CKDHL120918, CML550, and CKLTI0227 with significant GCA effects for GY (0.61-1.21; <i>P</i> < 0.05) were the most resistant to MLN. Hybrids "CKLTI0227 × CML550", "CKDHL120918 × CKLTI0138", and "CKDHL120918 × CKLTI0136" ranked among the best performing hybrids with grain yield of 6.0-6.6 t/ha compared with mean yield of commercial check hybrids (0.6 t/ha). The MLN tolerant inbred lines and single cross hybrids identified in this study could be used to improve MLN tolerance in both public and private sector maize breeding programs in eastern Africa.
[Phosphorus characteristics in leachate from soils irrigated with livestock wastewater]. (2005)

Phosphorus fractions could enter water body from surface runoff and leachate due to excessive irrigation of centralized farm wastewater. Organic P is more mobile than inorganic P in the soil profile and represents a significant proportion of P present in leachate from irrigated farm soils. A set of parallel experiments were conducted to compare the characteristics of organic phosphorus in leachate. The experiment was established in a complete randomized block design with nine replicates. The plots received different combinations of P fertilizer and different rates of pig slurry, i. e. 100, 200,300, 400 t x (hm2 x a)(-1), accordingly, the phosphorus was added to the plots was 6.2, 12.4, 19.2, 24.8 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1), respectively. Leachate was collected over a year period and analyzed for different P fractions. Physico-chemical fractionation of P in leachate indicated that the majority of the P loss from the irrigated soil occurred in unreactive particulate (77% - 90%) P forms. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of eight leachate samples indicated that unreactive P was mainly comprised of monoester and diester forms of organic P. The presence of phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activity in leachate resulted in hydrolysis of 9% - 29% of total unreactive P (TUP), indicating that some of the monoesters and diesters can be eventually hydrolyzed into inorganic P forms during P transport. To the treatment P45 + F200, enzyme hydrolysis showed that 33% of the TUP was present as labile monoester P (LMP), followed by 17% as inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) and 9% as diesters (phospholipids and nucleic acids). The results suggest that LMP, IHP and diesters are an important component of organic P leaching from the irrigated soil. The identification of these organic P forms will improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their release from soils, so that specific mitigation strategies can be implemented at the P source.
Divided Granule (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Adaptive processing for MIMO radar realistic non perfectly orthogonal waveforms (2014)

MIMO radar is a promising concept and many theoretical studies have demonstrated its interest, especially for possible improvements in term of target detection and localization. The colored transmission makes it possible to extract each waveform and form the transmission beam by digital processing on the reception side. One strong limitation of this technique is that waveforms cannot be perfectly separated in practice, because of the intrinsic lack of orthogonality of the waveforms family or hardware defaults. In case of conventional radar processing, this badly impacts the performance on target detection. In this paper, we introduce another approach to perform the estimation of target detection and localization based on adaptive processing such as Capon estimation. We define the techniques especially for MIMO radar configurations and we use them on realistic signals, taking into account the properties of non perfect orthogonality of the transmitted MIMO waveforms. We compare the results of the different methods to establish to which extent the performance in target detection can be improved. In some conditions, all sidelobes can be suppressed.
Quantification of Fat Infiltration in Thigh and Calf Muscles in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy: Comparison of Three MRI Methods (2010)

The development of non-invasive measures of the degree and progression of muscle involvement is essential for clinical trials in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) patients. In this study, three quantitative MRI measures of muscular fat infiltration are compared with regard to applicability for longitudinal studies. A very high linear correlation is observed between fat infiltration according to the 2-point Dixon method and quantitative T2 values (R2 = 0.95). Fat infiltration according to SSFP histogram analysis exhibit a lower linear correlation with T2 values (R2 = 0.88). Dixon or T2 mapping techniques may be promising quantitative tools to study the pattern and involvement of fat infiltration longitudinally.
ChemInform Abstract: The Aza‐Achmatowicz Reaction: Facile Entry into Functionalized Piperidinones (2015)

Abstract Review: [60 refs.
Study of a Miniaturized Soft Bending Actuator for Surgical Endoscopy (2018)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished