gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antihyperalgesic effects of the muscarinic receptor ligand vedaclidine in models involving central sensitization in rats (2001)

It is well established that muscarinic cholinergic agonists produce antinociceptive effects in a number of acute pain models. However, relatively little is known about the effects of muscarinic receptor agonists in models which involve central sensitization in pain pathways. The purpose of the present studies was to evaluate the effects of vedaclidine, a muscarinic receptor mixed agonist/antagonist across receptor subtypes, in models involving central sensitization. Vedaclidine (0.3-10 mg/kg s.c.) produced dose-related antihyperalgesic effects in the formalin test as well as a dose-related reversal of capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in rats. In the carrageenan test, vedaclidine (0.1-30 mg/kg) produced a dose-related reversal of both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia that were antagonized by the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine. In addition, the antihyperalgesic effects of vedaclidine in the carrageenan test were synergistic with the antihyperalgesic effects of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug ketoprofen, as demonstrated by isobolographic analysis. The present studies demonstrate that vedaclidine produces antihyperalgesic effects in models involving central sensitization, suggesting that vedaclidine, and potentially other muscarinic receptor agonists, may have clinical utility in the management of pain states involving central sensitization, such as neuropathic and inflammatory pain states.
Design of a fraction collector for capillary array electrophoresis (2002)

This paper describes a prototype instrument for high-throughput fraction collection with capillary array electrophoresis (CAE). The design of the system was based on a comprehensive collection approach, in which fractions from all capillaries were simultaneously collected in individual collection microwells in predefined time intervals. The location of the fractions in the microwells on the collection plate was determined by monitoring the individual zone velocities close to the end of each capillary. The collection microwell plate was fabricated from buffer-saturated agarose gel, which maintained permanent electrical contact with the separation capillaries during the collection process. Since the collection gel plate consisted of over 90% water, liquid evaporation from the collection wells was minimized. A 12-capillary array instrument was built with two-point detection using a side illumination scheme. The collection performance was demonstrated by reinjection of selected fractions of a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) separation. The identity of collected DNA fragments was confirmed by PCR and sequencing.
Thermodynamic evaluation of the liner and barrier properties of a single-phase interlayer for advanced Cu interconnections (2021)

Cu interconnection would face rapid increase in resistivity due to the thick double layer of Ta/TaN. In this paper, we propose a single interlayer having dual function of liner and barrier to replace Ta/TaN. Thermodynamic simulation was employed to explore suitable interlayer materials. Key parameters for material selections included T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> curve, Cu immiscibility with the interlayer, and interface reaction between the interlayer and SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . The results confirmed Co–Zr and Co–Ti alloys to be potential candidates for the interlayer as experimentally reported in our previous work.
Multiporige Zeolithe: Synthese und Anwendungen bei der Katalyse (2015)

Abstract In den letzten Jahren wurde intensiv an der Synthese multiporiger Zeolithe gearbeitet, die Kanäle verschiedener Größen in ihrer Kristallstruktur enthalten. Dieses Thema ist so faszinierend, weil Poren mit verschiedenen Größen die bevorzugte Diffusion von Reaktanten und Produkten durch verschiedene Kanalsysteme begünstigen und damit besondere katalytische Aktivitäten für spezifische chemische Vorgänge ermöglichen können. Hier beschreiben wir die interessantesten Entwicklungen zur rationalen Synthese multiporiger Zeolithe mit kleinen bis extragroßen Poren sowie Verbesserungen, die für relevante chemische Verfahren mit diesen multiporigen Zeolithen als Katalysatoren erhalten werden können.
<em>In vivo</em> Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System (2015)

The ability to probe defined neural circuits in awake, freely-moving animals with cell-type specificity, spatial precision, and high temporal resolution has been a long sought tool for neuroscientists in the systems-level search for the neural circuitry governing complex behavioral states. Optogenetics is a cutting-edge tool that is revolutionizing the field of neuroscience and represents one of the first systematic approaches to enable causal testing regarding the relation between neural signaling events and behavior. By combining optical and genetic approaches, neural signaling can be bi-directionally controlled through expression of light-sensitive ion channels (opsins) in mammalian cells. The current protocol describes delivery of specific wavelengths of light to opsin-expressing cells in deep brain structures of awake, freely-moving rodents for neural circuit modulation. Theoretical principles of light transmission as an experimental consideration are discussed in the context of performing in vivo optogenetic stimulation. The protocol details the design and construction of both simple and complex laser configurations and describes tethering strategies to permit simultaneous stimulation of multiple animals for high-throughput behavioral testing.
Modular Synthetic Platform for the Construction of Functional Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles: From Aqueous Catalysis to Photosensitization (2015)

Single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) are intriguing systems for multiple applications. In order to arrive at a controlled, but random, positioning of the different side groups to the polymer backbone, alternative synthetic routes have to be developed. Here, a general postpolymerization modification strategy of poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (pPFPA) is presented as a versatile method to rapidly access functional SCPNs. We first show that the sequential addition of a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based amine, acting as the supramolecular recognition motif, and water-soluble polyetheramine (Jeffamine) to pPFPA affords random copolymers that fold in water into SCPNs. The scope of the modular platform is illustrated by preparing two types of functional SCPNs. First, we prepared SCPNs designed for bio-orthogonal catalysis by attaching pendant mono(benzimidazoylmethyl)-bis(pyridylmethyl) (Bimpy), phenanthroline (Phen), or 2,2'-bipyridine (BiPy), ligands capable of binding either Cu(I) or Pd(II). The Bimpy- and Phen-containing SCPNs ligated to Cu(I) significantly accelerate azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions while Bipy-containing SCPNs ligated to Pd(II) efficiently catalyze depropargylation reactions. In all cases, reactions proceeded efficiently in phosphate buffer at a physiological pH and at low substrate concentrations. Next, the potential of SCPNs for photodynamic therapy was evaluated. Introducing porphyrins in SCPNs leads to novel photosensitizers that can produce singlet oxygen ((1)O2) upon photoirradiation. Additionally, by attaching both porphyrins and prodrug models, attached via (1)O2-cleavable amino-acrylate linker, to the SCPNs, we show that irradiation of the SCPNs results in a cascade reaction of (1)O2 generation followed by cleavage of the amino-acrylate linkers, releasing the drug model. The modular synthesis strategy reported here provides rapid and controlled access to SCPNs with tunable amounts of active units that fulfill different functions.
Future role of MR elastography in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2013)

Tissue engineering (TE) has been introduced for more than 25 years without a boom in clinical trials. More than 70 TE-related start-up companies spent more than $600 million/year, with only two FDA-approved tissue-engineered products. Given the modest performance in clinically approved organs, TE is a tenaciously promising field. The TE community is advocating the application of clinically driven methodologies in large animal models enabling clinical translation. This challenge is hindered by the scarcity of tissue biopsies and the absence of standardized evaluation tools, but can be negated through non-invasive assessment of growth and integration, with reduced sample size and low cost. Solving this issue will speed the transition to cost-efficient clinical studies. In this paper we: (a) introduce magnetic resonance elastography to the tissue-engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) community; (b) review recent MRE applications in TERM; and (c) discuss future directions of MRE in TERM. We have used MRE to study engineered tissues both in vitro and in vivo, where the mechanical properties of mesenchymally derived constructs were progressively monitored before and after tissues were implanted in mouse models. This study represents a stepping stone toward the applications of MRE in directing clinical trials with low cost and likely expediting the translation to more relevantly large animal models and clinical trials.
GaAs nanowires grown on Al-doped ZnO buffer layer (2013)

We report a pathway to grow GaAs nanowires on a variety of substrates using a combination of atomic layer deposition and metallo-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). GaAs nanowires were grown via MOVPE at 430–540 °C on an atomic-layer-deposited Al:ZnO buffer layer. The resulting nanowires were affected only by the properties of the buffer layer, allowing nanowire growth on a number of substrates that withstand ∼400 °C. The growth occurred in two phases: initial in-plane growth and subsequent out-plane growth. The nanowires grown exhibited a strong photoluminescence signal both at room temperature and at 12 K. The 12 K photoluminescence peak was at 1.47 eV, which was attributed to Zn autodoping from the buffer layer. The crystal structure was zincblende plagued with either twin planes or diagonal defect planes, which were related to perturbations in the seed particle during the growth. The used method combines substrates with variable properties to nanowire growth on a transparent and conductive Al:ZnO buffer layer.
Evaluation of two methods for reconfiguration of multivariable controllers in process control systems (2012)

In this paper two methods for the reconfiguration of multivariable decentralized controllers are evaluated for their feasibility in real life applications. As real-life case the air control system of a waste-to-energy plant in the pulp and paper industry is used. The first method is based on the factorization of the closed loop sensitivity transfer matrix and the second on degeneration factors of the closed loop system. The two candidate methods are evaluated by comparing their results with the results obtained from established interaction measures. Thereafter the reconfiguration of the control system is performed and subsequently re-assessed. The results show that both methods can be used to derive reasonable indications on how controllers can be reconfigured to achieve better performance of the closed loop system. It is also estimated that the performance of the air control system can be improved by 3% when a feed forward link is introduced in the current control structure.
A Palladium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Coupling Approach to π‐Conjugated Oligomers: Assembling Imidazole‐Based Materials from Imines and Acyl Chlorides (2011)

Just like tinkertoys: An alternative approach to access imidazole-containing π-conjugated materials is presented. The imidazole core was assembled at the same time as the oligomer by the palladium-catalyzed multicomponent coupling of imines, diimines, and di(acyl chloride)s, thus providing access to families of new conjugated materials, each formed in a one-step, catalytic reaction (see scheme; Ts=4-toluenesulfonyl). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Survey of the Photosynthetic Bacteria for Rhodanese (Thiosulfate: Cyanide Sulfur Transferase) Activity (1971)

Rhodanese activity was demonstrated in extracts from all three taxonomic families of photosynthetic bacteria, and this activity appeared to be uncorrelated with thiosulfate metabolism.
Chiral 1,4‐benzodiazepines. XII. Conformation in a solution of 7‐chloro‐5‐phenyl‐3(S)methyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepine (1983)

Abstract Deuterium labeled congeners of 7‐chloro‐5‐phenyl‐3(S)‐methyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2 H ‐1,4‐benzodiazepine ( 8 ), i.e., compounds 9 and 16‐18 were prepared and their lis‐nmr spectra run. For computational studies compounds 9 and 16 were chosen. The results of lis measurements revealed that 16 is present in more than 97% in the boat‐like conformation I (Scheme 3).
Disulfide-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles designed for two-photon-triggered drug release and imaging (2015)

We report a two-photon-actuated cancer cell killing system that kills the cancer cells via drug delivery through multifunctional mesoporous silica nanogates. Two-photon-sensitive mesoporous organosilica (M2PS) nanocarriers were synthesized via the co-condensation of a silica precursor and a two-photon electron donor. The nanogates were constructed using a fast one-pot process at room temperature on the drug-loaded M2PS nanoparticles (NPs) with the bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide precursor. One and two-photon-actuated cargo releases from the M2PS nanogates were successfully monitored in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the cellular uptake in MCF-7 cells was demonstrated via two-photon fluorescence imaging of the NPs, which were then applied successfully for drug delivery in cells.
Paternally inherited cis-regulatory structural variants are associated with autism (2018)

The genetic basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to consist of contributions from de novo mutations in variant-intolerant genes. We hypothesize that rare inherited structural variants in cis-regulatory elements (CRE-SVs) of these genes also contribute to ASD. We investigated this by assessing the evidence for natural selection and transmission distortion of CRE-SVs in whole genomes of 9274 subjects from 2600 families affected by ASD. In a discovery cohort of 829 families, structural variants were depleted within promoters and untranslated regions, and paternally inherited CRE-SVs were preferentially transmitted to affected offspring and not to their unaffected siblings. The association of paternal CRE-SVs was replicated in an independent sample of 1771 families. Our results suggest that rare inherited noncoding variants predispose children to ASD, with differing contributions from each parent.
A Free Energy Perturbation Approach to Estimate the Intrinsic Solubilities of Drug-like Small Molecules (2019)

Optimizing the solubility of small molecules is important in a wide variety of contexts, including in drug discovery where the optimization of aqueous solubility is often crucial to achieve oral bioavailability. In such a context, solubility optimization cannot be successfully pursued by indiscriminate increases in polarity, which would likely reduce permeability and potency. Moreover, increasing polarity may not even improve solubility itself in many cases, if it stabilizes the solid-state form. Here we present a novel physics-based approach to predict the solubility of small molecules, that takes into account three-dimensional solid-state characteristics in addition to polarity. The calculated solubilities are in good agreement with experimental solubilities taken both from the literature as well as from several active pharmaceutical discovery projects. This computational approach enables strategies to optimize solubility by disrupting the three-dimensional solid-state packing of novel chemical matter, illustrated here for an active medicinal chemistry campaign.
WATER LOSS OF CONFERENCE-PEARS DURING LONG TERM CA-STORAGE: PREDICTION AND PRACTICAL MEASURES (2005)

Conference is by far the most important variety in the Netherlands. It is expected that the production will increase in the next years. Noticeable is a demand in the market to have year round supply, which means a longer storage period is required. Up to now the maximum storage period of Conference-pears is 8 months in CA-storage. Limiting quality factor is shrivelling, especially at the neck of the pear, resulting in the so-called ¿slack necks¿. In research influence of different harvest factors is investigated in a specially designed system to force weight loss in a short time. Factors like growing area, season, harvesting time, orchard and pear size have their specific influence. Most important and independent from other factors is pear size, smaller pears have much more weight loss. Based on possibilities for prediction of weight loss at harvest, a specific apparatus was developed to measure weight loss in a very short time. In addition, during CA-storage the influence of bin packaging has been investigated to reduce weight loss. An important result is that weight loss could be reduced to levels that guarantee a longer storage period. As a result of this research, this packaging-system is being broadly applied nowadays for long term storage in the fruit industry.
Clostridium barkeri sp. n (1972)

Clostridium barkeri sp. n. has been described, and its relationship to other clostridia is discussed.
Electroluminescent measurement of the internal quantum efficiency of light emitting diodes (2009)

An experimental method is demonstrated for the determination of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in III-nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LED devices surrounded with an optically absorbing material have been fabricated to limit collected light to photons emitted directly from the quantum wells across a known fraction of the recombination area. The emission pattern for this device configuration was modeled to estimate the extraction efficiency. IQE can then be calculated from the measured input current and output power. This method was applied to c-plane InxGa1−xN-based LEDs emitting at 445 nm. Initial measurements estimate an IQE of 43%±1% at a current density of 7.9 A/cm2.
Fentanyl–Norfentanyl Concentrations During Transdermal Patch Application: LC–MS-MS Urine Analysis (2016)

Poklis and Backer published a survey of the concentrations of fentanyl and norfentanyl that could be expected in urine from patients using Duragesic<sup>®</sup>, a transdermal fentanyl patch. That study employed a relatively small number of patient data points and analysis by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. This work examines a larger population of patient positives for fentanyl and norfentanyl to determine whether more than a decade later the original report remains accurate in predicting the range and median levels of fentanyl and norfentanyl concentrations physicians can expect to see from their patients. Additionally, these data were transformed to develop a model that results in a near Gaussian distribution of urine drug test results. This retrospective approach was developed to transform and normalize urine drug testing results to provide a historical picture of expected patient values for this important analgesic. The resulting near Gaussian distribution is dose independent and as such should be of value to physicians in quickly assessing whether their patient is consistent with this historical population in the broad terms of this model. While this comparison alone is not definitive for adherence with a treatment regimen, together with patient interviews, prescription history and other clinical criteria, it can add an idea of expected patient values from urine drug testing.
High performance sub-20-nm-channel-length extremely-thin body InAs-on-insulator tri-gate MOSFETs with high short channel effect immunity and V<inf>th</inf> tunability (2013)

We have investigated the effects of vertical scaling and the tri-gate structure on electrical properties of extremely-thin-body (ETB) InAs-on-insulator (-OI) MOSFETs. It was found that body thickness (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">body</sub> ) scaling provides better SCEs control, whereas T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">body</sub> scaling causes the reduction of the mobility limited by channel thickness fluctuation (δT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">body</sub> ) scattering (μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fluctuation</sub> ). To achieve better SCEs control, the thickness of channel layer (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">channel</sub> ) scaling is more favorable than the thickness of MOS interface buffer layer (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">buffer</sub> ) scaling, indicating necessity of quantum well (QW) channel structure. Also, the Tri-gate ETB InAs-OI MOSFETs shows significant improvement of short channel effects (SCEs) control with small effective mobility (μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ) reduction. As a result, we have successfully fabricated sub-20-nm-L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> InAs-OI MOSFETs with good electrostatic with S.S. of 84 mV/dec, DIBL of 22 mV/V, and high transconductance (G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) of 1.64 mS/um. Furthermore, we have demonstrated wide-range threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) tunability in Tri-gate InAs-OI MOSFETs through back bias voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> ) control.
Topoisomerase II alpha and topoisomerase II beta genes: characterization and mapping to human chromosomes 17 and 3, respectively. (1992)

Human cells contain two topoisomerase II isozymes named topo II alpha and topo II beta. The complementary DNAs for both enzymes have been cloned. The topo II alpha and topo II beta complementary DNAs hybridized to unique sequences of human, rodent, and chicken DNAs in Southern blots. The human topo II alpha gene has previously been mapped to chromosome 17. We confirmed the chromosomal location of topo II alpha and mapped the topo II beta gene to chromosome 3. In addition, topo II beta exhibits genetic polymorphism as has been reported for topoisomerases I and II alpha.