gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthese neuer azamakrocyclischer Metallkomplexe und Untersuchung ihrer Wechselwirkung mit Biomolekülen (2003)

Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde 1,4-Dihydronicotinamid kovalent mit einem Lewis-sauren azamacrocyclischen Zn(II)-Komplex funktionalisiert. Dabei wurde der Abstand zwischen dem redoxaktiven Dihydropyridin und der koordinativen Bindungsstelle systematisch variiert, so dass insgesamt vier NADH-Modellverbindungen synthetisiert wurden. Durch potentiometrische pH-Titration konnte gezeigt werden, dass die dargestellten NADH-Modellverbindungen unter physiologischen Bedingungen Riboflavintetraacetat reversibel koordinieren können. Der Elektronentransfer zwischen den beiden Redoxcofaktoren wurde UV/VIS-spektroskopisch untersucht. Dabei wurde beobachtet, dass die Redoxreaktion durch die Metall-Ligand - Koordination signifikant beschleunigt wird, wobei sich eine deutliche Abstandsabhängigkeit zwischen Dihydronicotinamid und Bindungsstelle ergibt. Welchen Einfluss die Koordination an ein Lewis-acides Metallzentrum auf die Redoxeigenschaften des Flavins besitzt, wurde durch cyclovoltammetrische Untersuchungen von 10-Butyl-flavin in Gegenwart eines hydrophoben Zn(II)-Cyclen - Derivats untersucht. Die Messungen ergaben eine signifikante Stabilisierung des Flavohydroquinon-Anions um 700 mV. Durch Immobilisierung von Zink(II)-Cyclen konnte ein Polymer erhalten werden, das hohe Affinitäten zu Verbindungen mit einer Imid-Funktionalität zeigt. Dieses Polymer eignet sich zur Bindung von Flavinen wie Riboflavin (Vitamin B 2) und Riboflavintetraacetat. In wässriger Lösung konnte mit Hilfe des dargestellten Polymers Riboflavin quantitativ bestimmt werden. Auch die Bindung von Zink(II)-Cyclen gegenüber Kreatinin, einer für die medizinische Diagnostik wichtigen Substanz, wurde untersucht. Die potentiometrische Titration ergab eine Bindungskonstante von logK = 6.8 in Wasser. Das Bindungsmotiv konnte außerdem durch die Röntgenstruktur eines Cokristalls belegt werden.
High Resolution Electron Microscopy of Incommensurate Superlattices (1981)

Diffraction patterns of crystals having long period superlattices are described by their matrix lattice reflections, M = ha* + kb* + lc*, and a set of satellite reflections S appearing around each matrix reflection, which are characterized by S = m 1 a* + m 2 b* + m 3 c*. For usual superstructures the m's become rational numbers but for certain superstructures they are irrational. The latter are called the incommensurate superstructures. Crystal structure analysis by the conventional diffraction methods is based on perfectly periodic structures and generally cannot be applied to the crystals having the irrational superstructure periodicities. This paper deals with the study of such crystals using the high resolution lattice imaging method and the types of information obtained are discussed. It was intended that the study not only supplement the information on statistically averaged structures obtained from diffraction data but also provide further understanding of the incommensurate structures.
Assessment of Refueling Hose Visibility (2012)

Abstract : A quantitative assessment of aerial refueling hose visibility was conducted by the 711 HPW/RHCV in response to a request from the Aerial Refueling Systems Advisory Group (ARSAG) and the Naval Air Systems Command, Fuel Containment and Aerial Refueling Systems (NAWCAD). The objective of this effort was to determine the visibility (contrast) of six different refueling hoses varying by color and markings including one never-used new hose and five with obvious signs of usage. The primary variable measured was the contrast between the markings and the hose under several illumination and viewing geometries as well as assessments made for other spectral band sensors. Additional subjective assessments were made of images captured using NVG, SWIR and LWIR sensors of each of the hoses samples. Results demonstrated that contrast between the refueling hose samples and markings are dependent on the viewing and illumination geometry, with the new, ?unused? hose sample markings at a much higher contrast ratio than the other five used samples. A discussion regarding the implications of these findings to other real-world conditions causing contrast degradation during aerial refueling is presented. Recommendations for further evaluations to assist in the determination of standards for minimum allowable contrast of refueling hose markings before cleaning or replacement are discussed.
Crosswell electromagnetic induction between two widely spaced horizontal wells: Coiled-tubing conveyed data collection and 3D inversion from a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia (2015)

Summary This paper describes the results of a crosswell electromagnetic (known also as DeepLook EM) induction survey between two widely spaced horizontal wells with associated 3D inversion results. The project was designed to map oil and water saturations in a naturally fractured reservoir located in Saudi Arabia. The survey was conducted between a ∼ 1 kilometer (km) long horizontal water injector and a ∼ 1 km long horizontal producer. The two wellbores are drilled at an average distance of 1.3 km apart in the reservoir. The coiled-tubing (CT) deployed system operated at a very low noise resulting in an extremely high-quality data set. 3D inversion yielded a resistivity distribution consistent with large volumes of swept reservoir within fracture corridors. The inversion also revealed significant unswept reservoir volume in between the wells. The described survey is the first of its kind in the industry.
MAPK Activation Predicts Poor Outcome and the MEK Inhibitor, Selumetinib, Reverses Antiestrogen Resistance in ER-Positive High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2015)

High pMAPK is independently prognostic and may underlie antiestrogen failure. Data support further evaluation of fulvestrant and selumetinib in ER-positive HGSOC. The MAPK-activated HGSOC signature may help identify MEK inhibitor responsive tumors.
Synthesis of the C1-C11 Segment of Tedanolide via Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction (2002)

The successful construction of complex natural products depends to a large extent on how efficiently key intermediates can be generated. Here we report our efforts towards the first total synthesis of tedanolide (1), employing Evans’ aldol methodology in combination with a vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction (VMAR) and Sharpless’ asymmetric dihydroxylation. This protocol allows for rapid access to its numerous chiral centers.
Physiological Monitoring Of Front-Line Caregivers For Cv-19 Symptoms: Multi-Resolution Analysis & Convolutional-Recurrent Networks (2021)

Due to easy transmission of the COVID-19, a crucial step is the effective screening of the front-line caregivers are one of the most vulnerable populations for early signs and symptoms, resembling the onset of the disease. Our aim in this paper is to track a combination of biomarkers in our ubiquitous experimental setup to monitor the human participants’ operating system to predict the likelihood of the viral infection symptoms during the next 2 days using a mobile app, and an unobtrusive wearable ring to track their physiological indicators and self-reported symptoms. we propose a multi-resolution signal processing and modeling method to effectively characterize the changes in those physiological indicators. In this way, we decompose the 1-D input windowed time-series in multi-resolution (i.e. 2-D spectro-temporal) space. Then, we fitted our proposed deep learning architecture that combines recurrent neural network (RNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) to incorporate and model the sequence of multi-resolution snapshots in 3-D time-series space. The CNN is used to objectify the underlying features in each of the 2D spectro-temporal snapshots, while the RNN is utilized to track the temporal dynamic behavior of the snapshot sequences to predict the patients’ COVID-19 related symptoms. As the experimental results show, our proposed architecture with the best configuration achieves 87.53% and 95.12% average accuracy in predicting the COVID-19 related symptoms.
Divide and Concatenate: A Scalable Hardware Architecture for Universal MAC. (2003)

We present a cryptographic architecture optimization technique called divide-and-concatenate based on two observations: (i) the area of a multiplier and associated data path decreases exponentially and their speeds increase linearly as their operand size is reduced. (ii) in hash functions, message authentication codes and related cryptographic algorithms, two functions are equivalent if they have the same collision probability property. In the proposed approach we divide a 2w-bit data path (with collision probability 2 ) into two w-bit data paths (each with collision probability 2 ) and concatenate their results to construct an equivalent 2w-bit data path (with a collision probability 2 ). We applied this technique on NH hash, a universal hash function that uses multiplications and additions. When compared to the 100% overhead associated with duplicating a straightforward 32-bit pipelined NH hash data path, the divide-and-concatenate approach yields a 94% increase in throughput with only 40% hardware overhead. The NH hash associated message authentication code UMAC architecture with collision probability 2 that uses four equivalent 8-bit divide-and-concatenate NH hash data paths yields a throughput of 79.2 Gbps with only 3840 FPGA slices when implemented on a Xilinx XC2VP7-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). 1. Motivation In the past, most cryptographic algorithms have been developed to run fast on general-purpose processors. More recently, dedicated cryptographic hardware is being developed and deployed to match the &amp;gt;10 Gbps wire speed requirements. In this paper we will investigate scalable hardware architectures for cryptographic algorithms.
Scale-up of multi feed fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of pretreated wheat straw to ethanol (2015)

A major remaining issue with second-generation bioethanol production is the difficulty of reaching high enough titers to facilitate an overall economical process. Utilization of approximately 20% pretreated insoluble lignocellulosic material in the process is necessary to reach an often mentioned ethanol concentration of 4-5% (w/w). The viscosity at this solids concentration becomes higher than what is easily attainable in most reactor set-ups. We have designed a fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) process for ethanol production from pretreated wheat straw up to 21% water insoluble solids in a stirred tank reactor. In addition to feeding of solids at different time points, feeding of fresh cells at different time points was found to be beneficial for the process. The fed cells were adapted to the toxic environment by pre-cultivation in the liquid fraction from the pretreatment. Enzyme addition at different time points did however not improve the process, compared to addition of the same total amount in the beginning of the fed-batch. The effectiveness of the optimized process has been proven at demonstration scale in a 10 m3 SSCF reactor, reaching ethanol concentrations of 5% (w/w). A further increase was hindered by the toxicity of the medium, lowering the cells’ fermentation capacity. We have previously shown that strong flocculation can increase the ability of yeast to ferment toxic lignocellulose hydrolysates [1]. We therefore created strongly flocculating xylose fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and are currently investigating these in the SSCF process.[1] Westman et al. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2014.
The diffusion model based task remapping for distributed real-time systems (2002)

A fault-tolerant architecture for loosely coupled distributed real-time systems is considered and a distributed task management method that aims at network-wide fault tolerance, compatible with flexible resource utilization is proposed. The task management method includes a checkpoint data transfer mechanism and an adaptive task remapping mechanism. A policy of task remapping is based on the thermodynamic diffusion model, in which tasks are diffused among sound nodes and global balance is achieved by several repetitions of local load sharing. Convergence to this steady state is theoretically ensured. The protocol of the proposed task remapping algorithm, the two-phase diffusion algorithm, is completely distributed and weakly synchronized; each node starts the same algorithm periodically, without waiting for any messages, but waits for messages from neighboring nodes during execution of the algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
LPPS Thin Film: A Hybrid Coating Technology Between Thermal Spray and PVD for Functional Thin Coatings and Large Area Applications (2007)

Abstract With the new development of the LPPS Thin-Film technology (LPPS-TF), which is a special modification of conventional LPPS using reduced chamber pressures below 10 mbar, a new window has been opened to deposit uniform and dense thin layers onto large areas in short coating times. This spray process will allow the access to new market areas and will be able to bridge the gap between conventional thin film (&amp;lt; 1 - 10 µm) deposition using PVD/CVD processes and thick (&amp;gt; 50 - 200 µm) thermally sprayed layers. This paper presents the status of the LPPS-Thin Film technology as a hybrid coating process between thermal spray and vapor deposition and gives an overview of potential applications for functional thin coatings and large area coverage.
Equine travellers to the Olympic Games in Hong Kong 2008: A review of worldwide challenges to equine health, with particular reference to vector‐borne diseases (2007)

The past 10-20 years have seen exponential growth in the volume of trade in horses and equine germplasm; and the extent of global horse movements has increased significantly in the last 4 years. In preparing for the transport of elite Olympic horses to Hong Kong in 2008, it will be very important to be as fully informed as possible of the disease situation in both the exporting and importing country, import and re-entry requirements, as well as having a vaccination strategy to protect against particular diseases. In this context the review describes the equine vector-borne disease situation in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America and provides estimates of the number of horse movements between these countries, as well as information on import requirements and vaccination strategies.
Effect of Entrance Condition on Frictional Losses and Transition to Turbulence (2002)

In studying the fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels, various claims have been made regarding transition at Reynolds numbers significantly below 2300. As a first step in identifying the reasons for such early transition, the effect of entrance geometry on the pressure drop and transition to turbulence is studied experimentally in a conventional channel of 1.9 cm inner diameter. Four types of entrance conditions have been studied with flow of oil in a closed loop. The experimental results show the effect of entrance conditions on local friction factor, hydrodynamic developing length, and transition Reynolds number. The study will be extended to microchannels in the future.
Koordination von Ethylen an einen Komplex mit M‐M‐Dreifachbindung: Bis(η2‐ethylen)hexakis(neopentyloxy)diwolfram (1987)

Die erste Addition eines einfachen Olefins an ein M‐M‐Mehrfachbindungssystem gelang bei der Umsetzung von [W 2 (OCH 2 t Bu) 6 ] mit Ethylen in Hexan bei 0°C. Das NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisierte, instabile 1 :2‐Addukt [W 2 (OCH 2 t Bu) 6 (CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 ] ist am besten als Dimetallabicyclopropyl zu beschreiben, in dem die Ringe senkrecht zueinander stehen. Gleichung (a) zeigt die Addition schematisch. magnified image
A guide for managing patients with stage I NSCLC: deciding between lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge, SBRT and ablation—part 3: systematic review of evidence regarding surgery in compromised patients or specific tumors (2022)

A systematic, comprehensive summary of evidence regarding resection extent in compromised patients and favorable tumors with attention to aspects of applicability, uncertainty and effect modifiers provides a foundation for a framework for individualized decision-making.
Motivation and synthesis of the FIAC experiment: Reproducibility of fMRI results across expert analyses (2006)

The Functional Imaging Analysis Contest (FIAC) culminated in the FIAC Workshop held at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping in Toronto in 2005. This special issue summarizes various analyses used by contestants with a single functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, a cortical-language study using sentence repetition. The results from the cognitive neuroscientists who developed the test-base language study, and report their data analysis, are complemented by expert analyses of the same test-base data by most of the major groups actively developing fMRI software packages. Analyses include many variants of the general linear model (GLM), cutting-edge spatial- and temporal-wavelets, permutation-based, and ICA approaches. A number of authors also include surface-based approaches. Several articles describe the important emerging areas of diagnostics for GLM analysis, multivariate predictive modeling, and functional connectivity analysis. While the FIAC did not achieve all of its goals, it helped identify new activation regions in the test-base data, and more important, through this special issue it illustrates the significant methods-driven variability that potentially exists in the literature. Variable results from different methods reported here should provide a cautionary note and motivate the Human Brain Mapping community to explore more thoroughly the methodologies they use for analyzing fMRI data.
Maximum-Entropy Progressive State Aggregation for Reinforcement Learning (2021)

We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm based on an adaptive state aggregation scheme defined by a progressively growing set of codevectors placed in the joint state-action space according to a maximum-entropy vector quantization scheme. The proposed algorithm constitutes a two-timescale stochastic approximation algorithm with: (a) a fast component that executes a temporal-difference learning algorithm, and (b) a slow component, based on an online deterministic annealing algorithm, that adaptively partitions the state-action space according to a dissimilarity measure that belongs to the family of Bregman divergences. The proposed online deterministic annealing algorithm is a competitive-learning neural network that shows robustness with respect to the initial conditions, requires minimal hyper-parameter tuning, and provides online control over the performance-complexity trade-off. We study the convergence properties of the proposed methodology and quantify its performance in simulated experiments. Finally, we show that the generated codevectors can be used as training samples for sparse and progressively more accurate Gaussian process regression.
The staging of renal cell carcinoma (2008)

Knowledge of renal cell carcinoma staging is necessary for clinicians to accurately counsel patients. Several adjuvant trials rely on these staging systems for patient selection criteria. Continued refinements in the tumor, nodes, metastasis system and integrated staging systems should ultimately lead to improved care.
Installation Effects on the Flow and Noise of an Under-the-Wing Mounted Dual Stream Jet (2005)

It is known experimentally that a jet mounted under a wing generates more noise than the same jet in isolation. The excess noise is referred to as installation noise. Installation noise is largely of aerodynamic origin. The principal mechanism is believed to be the impact of the downwash of the wing-flap on the jet flow. The downwash causes the jet to deflect downward and to distort laterally. This brings about an increase in turbulence in the jet. The increase in the level of turbulence, in turn, leads to the emission of additional noise. The modeling and computation of the downwash, the distorted jet flow and the excess noise radiation are the objectives of this investigation. It will be shown that calculated results at high frequencies compare well with experimental measurements. I. Introduction T is known experimentally, since the late seventies, that a jet installed under a wing of an aircraft radiates more noise than the same jet in a stand-alone condition. The excess noise is the propulsion-airframe integration noise or commonly referred to as installation noise. When a jet is placed near a wing, there is an increase in noise in the flyover directions because of the reflection of sound by the wing. Here, installation noise includes not merely the noise increase due to the reflection of sound by the wing. The major part of this noise is generated aerodynamically by the nonlinear interaction between the flow around the wing-flap and the jet. In this work, our primary interest is to model and to predict installation noise of aerodynamic origin. Installation noise increases not only the total aircraft noise in the fly-over plane but also in the sideline directions. It is especially important during landings and take-offs when the flaps are down. During the eighties, a number of experiments were carried out trying to quantify the characteristics and intensity of installation noise
Performance of the ATLAS muon trigger in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8$$ s = 8 TeV (2015)

The performance of the ATLAS muon trigger system is evaluated with proton-proton collision data collected in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. It is primarily evaluated using events containing a pair of muons from the decay of [Formula: see text] bosons. The efficiency of the single-muon trigger is measured for muons with transverse momentum [Formula: see text] GeV, with a statistical uncertainty of less than 0.01 % and a systematic uncertainty of 0.6 %. The [Formula: see text] range for efficiency determination is extended by using muons from decays of [Formula: see text] mesons, [Formula: see text] bosons, and top quarks. The muon trigger shows highly uniform and stable performance. The performance is compared to the prediction of a detailed simulation.
Production and characterization of antibodies against sterigmatocystinO‐methyltransferase (1993)

Abstract Polyclonal antibodies against the 40 kDa sterigmatocystin O‐methyltransferase (ST‐OMT) were produced after immunizing rabbits with the purified enzyme. Immunoblot analysis of the crude enzyme preparation from Aspergillus parasiticus strain 163 revealed one band corresponding to ST‐OMT (∼40 kDa) as well as several other protein bands without enzymatic activity. The antiserum was further purified by passing the ammonium sulfate precipitation‐cut IgG through a column that was armed with proteins isolated from DEAE‐Sephadex gel filtration fraction with immunoreactivity but containing no enzyme activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the purified antibodies, after the subtractive affinity chromatography, reacted primarily with one major (∼ 40 kDa) and two minor protein bands of 40–46 kDa size proteins when large amounts of the crude extracts were used. At low protein concentration, only one immunoreactive band of 40 kDa was observed for the crude enzyme preparation. Using the purified antiserum, an indirect ELISA was established for the enzyme detection. Analysis of various fungal extracts showed that the purified antiserum was highly specific for the enzyme. The purified antiserum has also been used successfully for screening the cDNA library in cloning the gene for the enzyme and in monitoring the enzyme produced in Escherichia coli in which this gene (omt‐1) was expressed. Keywords: SterigmatocystinST‐O‐methyltransferaseAspergillus flavusAspergillus parasiticusaflatoxinantibodies