gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B lymphocyte alterations accompany abatacept resistance in new-onset type 1 diabetes (2019)

Costimulatory interactions control T cell activation at sites of activated antigen-presenting cells, including B cells. Blockade of the CD28/CD80/CD86 costimulatory axis with CTLA4Ig (abatacept) is widely used to treat certain autoimmune diseases. While transiently effective in subjects with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), abatacept did not induce long-lasting immune tolerance. To elucidate mechanisms limiting immune tolerance in T1D, we performed unbiased analysis of whole blood transcriptomes and targeted measurements of cell subset levels in subjects from a clinical trial of abatacept in new-onset T1D. We showed that individual subjects displayed age-related immune phenotypes ("immunotypes") at baseline, characterized by elevated levels of B cells or neutrophils, that accompanied rapid or slow progression, respectively, in both abatacept- and placebo-treated groups. A more pronounced immunotype was exhibited by a subset of subjects showing poor response (resistance) to abatacept. This resistance immunotype was characterized by a transient increase in activated B cells (one of the cell types that binds abatacept), reprogrammed costimulatory ligand gene expression, and reduced inhibition of anti-insulin antibodies. Our findings identify immunotypes in T1D subjects that are linked to the rate of disease progression, both in placebo- and abatacept-treated subjects. Furthermore, our results suggest therapeutic approaches to restore immune tolerance in T1D.
Constant pressure high throughput membrane permeation testing system (2023)

The disclosure relates to a membrane testing system for individual evaluation of a plurality of planar membranes subjected to a feed gas on one side and a sweep gas on a second side. The membrane testing system provides a pressurized flow of a feed and sweep gas to each membrane testing cell in a plurality of membrane testing cells while a stream of retentate gas from each membrane testing cell is ported by a retentate multiport valve for sampling or venting, and a stream of permeate gas from each membrane testing cell is ported by a permeate multiport valve for sampling or venting. Back pressure regulators and mass flow controllers act to maintain substantially equivalent gas pressures and flow rates on each side of the planar membrane throughout a sampling cycle. A digital controller may be utilized to position the retentate and permeate multiport valves cyclically, allowing for gas sampling of different membrane cells over an extended period of time.
ESD protection in a mixed-voltage interface and multirail disconnected power grid environment in 0.50- and 0.25-μm channel length CMOS technologies (1995)

On-chip ESD protection for semiconductor chips with mixed-voltage interface applications and internal multiple power bus architecture is discussed. ESD robustness in shallow trench isolation 0.50- and 0.25-/spl mu/m channel-length CMOS technologies is demonstrated using novel ESD structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High pre-treatment serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with poor outcome in small-cell lung cancer (1998)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important regulator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Increased serum VEGF concentrations (S-VEGF) have been found in patients with various types of human cancer, including cancer of the lung. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of S-VEGF in cancer is unknown. We measured S-VEGF, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in sera taken from 68 untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) at the time of diagnosis. The patients were treated with 6 cycles of cisplatin and etoposide, and were randomly assigned to receive recombinant interferon, leukocyte interferon or neither. S-VEGF ranged from 70 to 1738 pg/ml (mean, 527 pg/ml). The patients who achieved partial or complete response to treatment had lower pre-treatment S-VEGF than the non-responding patients (p = 0.0083, Mann-Whitney test). High (>527 pg/ml) S-VEGF was associated with poor survival (p = 0.012, Log Rank Test), and all 3-year survivors had lower than mean pre-treatment S-VEGF. In a multivariate analysis, S-VEGF and stage were the only independent prognostic factors, and the estimated 3-year survival of the patients with limited stage disease and low pretreatment S-VEGF (n = 17, 25% of all patients) was 41% (p = 0.0055, log rank test). These data show that high pretreatment S-VEGF is associated with poor response to treatment and unfavourable survival in patients with SCLC treated with combination chemotherapy with or without interferon.
The impact of myocardial compressibility on organ-level simulations of the normal and infarcted heart (2021)

Myocardial infarction (MI) rapidly impairs cardiac contractile function and instigates maladaptive remodeling leading to heart failure. Patient-specific models are a maturing technology for developing and determining therapeutic modalities for MI that require accurate descriptions of myocardial mechanics. While substantial tissue volume reductions of 15-20% during systole have been reported, myocardium is commonly modeled as incompressible. We developed a myocardial model to simulate experimentally-observed systolic volume reductions in an ovine model of MI. Sheep-specific simulations of the cardiac cycle were performed using both incompressible and compressible tissue material models, and with synchronous or measurement-guided contraction. The compressible tissue model with measurement-guided contraction gave best agreement with experimentally measured reductions in tissue volume at peak systole, ventricular kinematics, and wall thickness changes. The incompressible model predicted myofiber peak contractile stresses approximately double the compressible model (182.8 kPa, 107.4 kPa respectively). Compensatory changes in remaining normal myocardium with MI present required less increase of contractile stress in the compressible model than the incompressible model (32.1%, 53.5%, respectively). The compressible model therefore provided more accurate representation of ventricular kinematics and potentially more realistic computed active contraction levels in the simulated infarcted heart. Our findings suggest that myocardial compressibility should be incorporated into future cardiac models for improved accuracy.
Blur Detection Sensitivity Increases in Children Using Orthokeratology (2021)

Ortho-K treatment increased the children's level of blur detection sensitivity, which may have contributed to their good visual acuity.
In vivo stem cell function of interleukin-3-induced blast cells (1991)

Abstract The treatment of mice with high doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) results in an enrichment of primitive hematopoietic progenitors. Using this procedure, we obtained a new class of murine hematopoietic colonies that had very high secondary plating efficiencies in vitro and could differentiate into not only myeloid cells but also into lymphoid lineage cells. The phenotypes of interleukin-3 (IL-3) induced blast colony cells were Thy-1-positive and lineage-marker-negative. We examined whether these blast colony cells contained primitive hematopoietic stem cells in vivo and could reconstitute hematopoietic tissues in lethally irradiated mice. Blast colony cells could generate macroscopic visible spleen colonies on days 8 and 12, and 5 x 10(3) blast cells were sufficient to protect them from lethally irradiation. It was shown that 6 or 8 weeks after transplantation of 5 x 10(3) blast cells, donor male cells were detected in the spleen and thymus of the female recipients but not in the bone marrow by Southern blot analysis using Y-encoded DNA probe. After 10 weeks, bone marrow cells were partially repopulated from donor cells. In a congenic mouse system, donor-derived cells (Ly5.2) were detected in the thymus and spleen 6 weeks after transplantation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses showed that B cells and macrophages developed from donor cells in the spleen. In the thymus, donor-derived cells were found in CD4, CD8 double-positive, single-positive, and double-negative populations. Reconstitution of bone marrow was delayed and myeloid and lymphoid cells were detected 10 weeks after transplantation. These results indicate that IL-3-induced blast cells contain the primitive hematopoietic stem cells capable of reconstituting hematopoietic organs in lethally irradiated mice.
Toward individually addressable nanometer-size surface pixels: ultrathin dendrimer films as resists for scanning probe lithography (1999)

Scanning probe lithography (SPL) has recently been shown to be a versatile technique for patterning semiconductor surfaces. The intense electric field emanating from the scanning probe tip can be used for the patterning of carbon- based self-assembled monolayers and thin films, as well as the anodization or field-enhanced oxidation of passivated metal surfaces. We have been investigating the use of monolayers and ultra-thin films made from dendritic polymers as resists for SPL. Dendrimer films have ben prepare by both covalent and ionic binding to the wafer surface. Silicon wafers were treated with dendritic chlorosilanes to afford self-assembled monolayer from the functionalized dendrons. Ionically bound dendrimer films were prepared by treating an aminopropylsilane-modified wafer surface with a dendritic carboxylic acid. These ultra-thin dendrimer films were characterized by atomic force microscopy, contact angle goniometry, and optical ellipsometry. The dendrimer films were shown to be effective resist for SPL, and we have patterned negative tone oxide images onto dendrimer modified wafer surfaces. Pattern transfer can be achieved by a selective wet etch resulting in the formation of positive tone images.
HTR6 and SSTR3 ciliary targeting relies on both IC3 loops and C-terminal tails (2020)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common pharmacological target in human clinical practice. To perform their functions, many GPCRs must accumulate inside primary cilia, microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusions working as cellular antennae. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPCR ciliary targeting remain poorly understood. Serotonin receptor 6 (HTR6) and somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3) are two brain-enriched ciliary GPCRs involved in cognition and pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Although the third intracellular loops (IC3) of HTR6 and SSTR3 suffice to target non-ciliary GPCRs to cilia, these IC3s are dispensable for ciliary targeting of HTR6 and SSTR3 themselves, suggesting these GPCRs contain additional ciliary targeting sequences (CTSs). Herein, we discover and characterize novel CTSs in HTR6 and SSTR3 C-terminal tails (CT). These CT-CTSs (CTS2) act redundantly with IC3-CTSs (CTS1), each being sufficient for ciliary targeting. In HTR6, RKQ and LPG motifs are critical for CTS1 and CTS2 function, respectively, whereas in SSTR3 these roles are mostly fulfilled by AP[AS]CQ motifs in IC3 and juxtamembrane residues in CT. Furthermore, we shed light on how these CTSs promote ciliary targeting by modulating binding to ciliary trafficking adapters TULP3 and RABL2.
How automated systems can (and do) fail (1996)

Journal Article How automated systems can (and do) fail Get access Dennis A. Tribble, PHARM. D. Dennis A. Tribble, PHARM. D. Manager of Technical Support Baxa Corporation, 13760 E. Arapahoe Road, Englewood CO 80112. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 53, Issue 21, November 1996, Pages 2622–2627, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/53.21.2622 Published: 01 November 1996
Ceramic Superconductors (1989)

The problem of electronic transport in oxides is reviewed briefly. The situation in the main-group oxides is contrasted with that in the rare-earth oxides. In Ba1-xKxBiO3, for example, introduction of mixed valence allows superconductivity to compete with the charge-density wave stable in the "single-valent" stoichiometry; and in ferromagnetic EuO, oxidation leads to small-polaron conduction, but reduction gives a metal-semiconductor transition below the Curie temperature. The d-block transition-metal oxides are of intermediate character; in these oxides, either localized magnetic moments or charge-density waves may compete with superconductivity. However, an abrupt transition from antiferromagnetic order to high-critical-temperature (Tc) superconductivity, such as that found in some copper oxides, is not observed in oxides where a single-band model is clearly applicable. The special features that allow for a two-band model in the high-Tc oxide superconductors are emphasized. In addition, attention is called to a thermal-expansion mismatch between A-O and B-O bonds in structures related to the ABO3 perovskites, and the relationship of the electronic and structural features is pointed out. These special features provide the necessary framework for a strong-coupling theory of superconductivity.
Scatter plot of the mean coefficient of variation (CV) for the four blood sampling conditions versus the overall CV. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Both miR-769-3p and miR-135a* showed a higher overall CV as compared to their average CV within each of the four conditions indicating a condition specific abundance of both miRNAs.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure from CD20-Targeted Therapy Ablates <i>De Novo</i> Antibody Response to Vaccination but Spares Preestablished Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure from CD20-Targeted Therapy Ablates &lt;i&gt;De Novo&lt;/i&gt; Antibody Response to Vaccination but Spares Preestablished Immunity
Simultaneous temporal resolution of cardiac and respiratory motion in MR imaging. (1995)

This method allows for simultaneous resolution of cardiac and respiratory motion cycles and helps provide a more physiologic view of the effects of cardiac and respiratory variations.
Relationship between DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Endometrial Cancer (2011)

Some cases of endometrial cancer are associated with a familial tumor and are referred to as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome). Lynch syndrome is thought to be induced by germline mutation of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. An aberration in the MMR gene prevents accurate repair of base mismatches produced during DNA replication. This phenomenon can lead to an increased frequency of errors in target genes involved in carcinogenesis, resulting in cancerization of the cell. On the other hand, aberrant DNA methylation is thought to play a key role in sporadic endometrial carcinogenesis. Hypermethylation of unmethylated CpG islands in the promoter regions of cancer-related genes associated with DNA repair leads to the cell becoming cancerous. Thus, both genetic and epigenetic changes are intricately involved in the process through which cells become cancerous. In this review, we introduce the latest findings on the DNA mismatch repair pathway in endometrial cancer.
Delayed, Progressive Multivessel Occlusion After Resection of a Recurrent Glioma (2022)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common primary brain tumors with an aggressive natural history consistent with a median survival of less than two years. Most clinical research has primarily focused on improving overall survival through aggressive cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy. However, far less clinical guidance has been given for unexpected instances of neurologic decline following safe glioma resection in the setting of vascular etiology. Here, we report a 50-year-old man who presented to our clinic with a seizure. His preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a left hippocampal glioblastoma. Ten months following total resection, the patient presented again with rapid loss of vision and hemorrhagic papilledema. An MRI demonstrated a recurrence of his glioma, which was partially resected with no complications. Eight days after surgery, the patient suddenly became unresponsive and imaging revealed moderate blood in the resection cavity, which was evacuated in the operating room. Follow-up scans showed a posterior cerebral artery infarction, and two days later, a middle cerebral artery infarction, upon which care was withdrawn. We do not propose a mechanism by which this delayed ischemia occurred, especially as the middle cerebral artery was not damaged during surgery, however, we note that delayed ischemia may be one mechanism of damage following glioma resection, which should be studied further to improve patient outcomes.
Role of Copper Oxide Layer on Pool Boiling Performance With Femtosecond Laser Processed Surfaces (2017)

Copper pool boiling surfaces are tested for pool boiling enhancement due to femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP). FLSP creates self-organized micro/nanostructures on metallic surfaces and creates highly wetting and wicking surfaces with permanent surface features. In this study two series of samples were created. The first series consists of three flat FLSP copper surfaces with varying microstructures and the second series is an open microchannel configuration with laser processing over the horizontal surfaces of the microchannels. These microchannels range in height from 125 microns to 380 microns. Each of these surfaces were tested for pool boiling performance. It was found that all the processed surfaces except one resulted in a decrease in critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient compared to an unprocessed surface. It was found that the laser fluence parameter had a significant role in whether there was an increase in CHF or HTC. A cross sectioning technique was employed to study the different layers of the microstructure and to understand how FLSP could have a negative effect on the CHF and HTC. It was found that a thick oxide layer forms during the FLSP process of copper in an open-air atmosphere. The thickness and uniformity of the oxide layer is highly dependent on the laser fluence. A low fluence sample results in an inconsistent oxide layer of nonuniform thickness and subsequently an increase in CHF and HTC. A high laser fluence sample results in a uniformly thick oxide layer which increases the thermal resistance of the sample and allows for a premature CHF and decrease in HTC.
Integrated micro-optical systems fabricated by replication technology (1998)

Optical microsystems formed by the planar integration of micro-optical elements on a transparent slab are of considerable interest as compact, robust microsystems for applications in sensors and optical instruments. In a typical such microsystem [1], a sequence of micro-optical elements are arranged on one surface of a slab substrate which folds the optical paths between the elements by reflection at the opposite surface (Fig. 1). A major advantage of this approach is the ability to fabricate all micro-optical elements as one block, thus avoiding subsequent positioning and alignment steps. This can readily be achieved by the use of ‘planar’ (micrometer relief) micro-optical elements. Most commonly they are fabricated in a fused silica slab either as binary optical elements, by conventional multiple resist lithography and etching steps [1], or as continuous-relief elements, by techniques such as direct laser or e-beam writing or halftone lithography followed by transfer into the slab material by proportional etching [2].
Ethical and policy issues relating to progenitor-cell-based strategies for prevention of atherosclerosis (2007)

Potential uses of progenitor-cell-based strategies for preventing atherosclerosis must be considered in the context of a range of social and ethical issues.
Prevalence of Refractive Errors in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease Study (2013)

The prevalence of myopia in Singapore adults is lower compared with the younger "myopia" generation in Singapore. The prevalence of astigmatism and mean AL have been increasing significantly within the past 12 years in the Chinese population. Chinese adults had higher prevalence of myopia, high myopia, astigmatism, as well as the longer AL compared with non-Chinese adults in Singapore.
Evolution of Cathodic Characteristics (Water and Oxygen Transport) in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Cultural Sustainability: A Framework for Relationships, Understanding, and Action (2019)

Abstract In recent years, the term “cultural sustainability” has appeared widely in folk-loristics and related disciplines. This essay frames its key intellectual inspirations and provides a provisional definition of the term as an area of practice. It also adumbrates a set of principles for evaluating cultural sustainability efforts and a pathway for enacting them.
Abstract 9346: Imbalance Between Plasma Serotonin and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate is a Novel Therapeutic Target of Statins in Patients with Early Atherosclerosis (2010)

Background: Serotonin derived from enterochromaffin cells is incorporated to platelets and modulates vascular tone. Conversely, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive lipid responsible...
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Chloro‐5‐cyano‐2‐dimethylamino‐6H‐1,3‐oxazin‐6‐one from the Salts of Alkyl Dicyanoacetates and Some of Its Reactions. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Study on Perceptually Coherent Distance Measures for Color Schemes (2011)

There has been extensive research on finding distance measures between individual colors which conform to the human visual system color perception. With the recent advent of using and naming color combinations by abstract concepts (classic, romantic), this paper addresses the new problem of computing distances between such combinations, which are referred to as color schemes. In addition, the paper proposes an algorithm to compute the distance measure which is shown to be competitive compared to various state of the art distance measures adapted to the problem at hand. In particular, the proposed distance measure, referred to as the Color-based Earth Mover's Distance (CEMD) embeds the CIEDE2000 color difference formula into the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). The CEMD performance in computing distances is evaluated through a color scheme retrieval framework. Quantitatively, it is shown that the CEMD provides in general the highest precision at K as compared with the EMD and a distance based on Fisher Vector representations of color schemes, which we refer to as FD. Qualitatively, it is shown that retrieved color schemes are more similar to the query scheme when the CEMD is employed as compared with the EMD and FD. Qualitative results on image ranking by concept using the CEMD are shown to be better than those obtained using tags.
Functional and Evolutionary Insights from the Genomes of Three Parasitoid Nasonia Species (2010)

We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.