gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tapered laser rods as a means of minimizing the path length of trapped barrel mode rays (2023)

By tapering the diameter of a flanged barrel laser rod over its length, the maximum trapped path length of a barrel mode can be dramatically reduced, thereby reducing the ability of the trapped spontaneous emission to negatively impact laser performance through amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Laser rods with polished barrels and flanged end caps have found increasing application in diode array end-pumped laser systems. The polished barrel of the rod serves to confine diode array pump light within the rod. In systems utilizing an end-pumping geometry and such polished barrel laser rods, the pump light that is introduced into one or both ends of the laser rod, is ducted down the length of the rod via the total internal reflections (TIRs) that occur when the light strikes the rod's barrel. A disadvantage of using polished barrel laser rods is that such rods are very susceptible to barrel mode paths that can trap spontaneous emission over long path lengths. This trapped spontaneous emission can then be amplified through stimulated emission resulting in a situation where the stored energy available to the desired lasing mode is effectively depleted, which then negatively impacts the laser's performance, a result that is effectively reduced by introducing a taper onto the laser rod.
New Conjectural Lower Bounds on the Optimal Density of Sphere Packings (2006)

Sphere packings in high dimensions interest mathematicians and physicists and have direct applications in communications theory. Remarkably, no one has been able to provide exponential improvement on a hundred-year-old lower bound on the maximal packing density due to Minkowski in d-dimensional Euclidean space ℝ d . The asymptotic behavior of this bound is controlled by 2-d in high dimensions. Using an optimization procedure that we introduced earlier [Torquato and Stillinger 02] and a conjecture concerning the existence of disordered sphere packings in ℝd, we obtain a conjectural lower bound on the density whose asymptotic behavior is controlled by 2-0.77865... d , thus providing the putative exponential improvement of Minkowski's bound. The conjecture states that a hard-core nonnegative tempered distribution is a pair correlation function of a translationally invariant disordered sphere packing in ℝ d for asymptotically large d if and only if the Fourier transform of the autocovariance function is nonnegative. The conjecture is supported by two explicit analytically characterized disordered packings, numerical packing constructions in low dimensions, known necessary conditions that have relevance only in very low dimensions, and the fact that we can recover the forms of known rigorous lower bounds. A byproduct of our approach is an asymptotic conjectural lower bound on the average kissing number whose behavior is controlled by 20.22134... d , which is to be compared to the best known asymptotic lower bound on the individual kissing number of 20.2075... d . Interestingly, our optimization procedure is precisely the dual of a primal linear program devised by Cohn and Elkies [Cohn and Elkies 03] to obtain upper bounds on the density, and hence has implications for linear programming bounds. This connection proves that our density estimate can never exceed the Cohn– Elkies upper bound, regardless of the validity of our conjecture.
Developments in understanding and applying prebiotics in research and practice—an ISAPP conference paper (2019)

This summary of the workshop discussions indicates potential avenues for expanding the range of prebiotic substrates, delivery methods to enhance health benefits for the end consumer and guidance to better elucidate their activities in human studies.
Latest results from the SEMATECH Berkeley extreme ultraviolet microfield exposure tool (2009)

Microfield exposure tools (METs) continue to play a dominant role in the development of extreme ultraviolet resists. One of these tools is the 0.3 numerical aperture SEMATECH Berkeley MET operating as a resist and mask test center. Here the authors present an update on this tool, summarizing the latest test and characterization results. They provide an update on the long-term aberration stability of the tool and present line-space imaging in chemically amplified photoresist down to the 20nm half-pitch level. Although resist development has shown substantial progress in the area of resolution, line edge roughness (LER) remains a significant concern. In this manuscript the authors further present a summary of recent LER performance results and consider the effect of mask contributors to the LER observed from the SEMATECH Berkeley MET.
10  Gbit/s Delay Modulation Using a Directly Modulated DFB Laser for a TWDM PON With Converged Services [Invited] (2014)

A 10&#xA0;Gbit/s transmission with delay modulation is demonstrated using directly modulated lasers for time- and wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM PONs), and error-free performance is achieved over 20&#xA0;km standard single-mode fiber with a small dispersion penalty. Delay modulation can also mitigate the crosstalk from the TWDM PON downstream signals to the coexisting RF video signal because of its small power spectral density at low frequencies. The carrier-to-crosstalk ratio of the RF video signal is improved by about 10&#xA0;dB using delay modulation, instead of non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation, for 10&#xA0;Gbit/s downstream transmissions in a TWDM PON. Furthermore, using lowpass-filtered 2.5&#xA0;Gbit/s NRZ modulation and bandpass-filtered 10&#xA0;Gbit/s delay modulation, dual-rate transmission is demonstrated for converged services in a TWDM PON. Experimental results exhibit 37.7 and 25.7&#xA0;dB power budgets, respectively, for simultaneous 2.5 and 10&#xA0;Gbit/s transmissions over 20&#xA0;km standard single-mode fiber.
Elliptic and Hyperelliptic Curves: a Practical Security Analysis. (2013)

Motivated by the advantages of using elliptic curves for discrete logarithm-based public-key cryptography, there is an active research area investigating the potential of using hyperelliptic curves of genus 2. For both types of curves, the best known algorithms to solve the discrete logarithm problem are generic attacks such as Pollard rho, for which it is well-known that the algorithm can be sped up when the target curve comes equipped with an efficiently computable automorphism. In this paper we incorporate all of the known optimizations (including those relating to the automorphism group) in order to perform a systematic security assessment of two elliptic curves and two hyperelliptic curves of genus 2. We use our software framework to give concrete estimates on the number of core years required to solve the discrete logarithm problem on four curves that target the 128-bit security level: on the standardized NIST CurveP256, on a popular curve from the Barreto-Naehrig family, and on their respective analogues in genus 2.
Spectral distortion in diffuse molecular luminescence tomography in turbid media (2009)

The influence of tissue optical properties on the shape of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission spectra propagating through multiple centimeters of tissue-like media was investigated. Fluorescence emission spectra measured from 6 cm homogeneous tissue-simulating phantoms show dramatic spectral distortion which results in emission peak shifts of up to 60 nm in wavelength. Measured spectral shapes are highly dependent on the photon path length and the scattered photon field in the NIR amplifies the wavelength-dependent absorption of the fluorescence spectra. Simulations of the peak propagation using diffusion modeling describe the experimental observations and confirm the path length dependence of fluorescence emission spectra. Spectral changes are largest for long path length measurements and thus will be most important in human tomography studies in the NIR. Spectrally resolved detection strategies are required to detect and interpret these effects which may otherwise produce erroneous intensity measurements. This observed phenomenon is analogous to beam hardening in x-ray tomography, which can lead to image artifacts without appropriate compensation. The peak shift toward longer wavelengths, and therefore lower energy photons, observed for NIR luminescent signals propagating through tissue may readily be described as a beam softening phenomenon.
Carbohydrate-Assisted Combustion Synthesis To Realize High-Performance Oxide Transistors (2016)

Owing to high carrier mobilities, good environmental/thermal stability, excellent optical transparency, and compatibility with solution processing, thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on amorphous metal oxide semiconductors (AOSs) are promising alternatives to those based on amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and low-temperature (<600 °C) poly-silicon (LTPS). However, solution-processed display-relevant indium-gallium-tin-oxide (IGZO) TFTs suffer from low carrier mobilities and/or inferior bias-stress stability versus their sputtered counterparts. Here we report that three types of environmentally benign carbohydrates (sorbitol, sucrose, and glucose) serve as especially efficient fuels for IGZO film combustion synthesis to yield high-performance TFTs. The results indicate that these carbohydrates assist the combustion process by lowering the ignition threshold temperature and, for optimal stoichiometries, enhancing the reaction enthalpy. IGZO TFT mobilities are increased to >8 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) on SiO2/Si gate dielectrics with significantly improved bias-stress stability. The first correlations between precursor combustion enthalpy and a-MO densification/charge transport are established.
Platform for Establishing Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Selected Reaction Monitoring-Based Mass Spectrometry Peptide Assays (2010)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an attractive alternative to quantification of proteins by immunoassays, particularly for protein biomarkers of clinical relevance. Reliable quantification requires that the MS-based assays are robust, selective, and reproducible. Thus, the development of standardized protocols is essential to introduce MS into clinical research laboratories. The aim of this study was to establish a complete workflow for assessing the transferability and reproducibility of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays between clinical research laboratories. Four independent laboratories in North America, using identical triple-quadrupole mass spectrometers (Quantum Ultra, Thermo), were provided with standard protocols and instrumentation settings to analyze unknown samples and internal standards in a digested plasma matrix to quantify 51 peptides from 39 human proteins using a multiplexed SRM assay. The interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 10% for 25 of 39 peptides quantified (12 peptides were not quantified based upon hydrophobicity) and exhibited CVs less than 20% for the remaining peptides. In this report, we demonstrate that previously developed research platforms for SRM assays can be improved and optimized for deployment in clinical research environments.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae delays the onset of apoptosis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (2006)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) infection results in recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the urethral lumen. Recent work from our laboratory demonstrated that N. gonorrhoeae resists killing and replicates within PMNs. In this study, we examined the effect of gonococci on PMN viability. Using both transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy, we observed nuclear condensation after 6 h in PMNs that were resting or challenged with opsonized zymosan particles (OPZ). In contrast, N. gonorrhoeae delayed nuclear condensation in PMNs for 12 h (13% apoptotic PMNs vs. 90% for resting and 94% for OPZ-stimulated PMNs). Additionally, DNA fragmentation was reduced in PMNs challenged with gonococci for 12 h (28% apoptosis vs. 52% for resting and 98% for OPZ-stimulated PMNs). However, 74% of PMNs challenged with gonococci had condensed nuclei and 67% had fragmented DNA after 24 h. Caspase activity (total caspase, caspase-3/7, caspase-9) was reduced at 4 h and mitochondrial integrity was preserved at 2 h in PMNs challenged with N. gonorrhoeae. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that mRNA levels of X-IAP and cIAP-2 remained high after challenge with gonococci, but were downregulated in OPZ-stimulated PMNs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that N. gonorrhoeae delayed apoptosis in PMNs, perhaps as a strategy to allow intracellular replication.
Motionless-head parallel-readout optical-disk system: experimental results (1995)

The motionless-head parallel-readout optical-disk system is designed to read out two-dimensional bit planes that are stored as one-dimensional Fourier-transform computer-generated holograms distributed radially on the disk active surface. Such a system, when built at full scale, could offer several potential advantages: high data-transfer rates of 1 Gbyte/s and higher, low access times of less than 15 ms, low retrieval times (the time required to read the entire memory) of less than 25 ms, and simple optical implementation. The experimental results of a scaled-down implementation of the system are presented.
Diaminocarbene‐ and Fischer‐Carbene Complexes of Palladium and Nickel by Oxidative Insertion: Preparation, Structure, and Catalytic Activity. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Parallel Programming of an Ionic Floating-Gate Memory Array for Scalable Neuromorphic Computing (2019)

Neuromorphic computers could overcome efficiency bottlenecks inherent to conventional computing through parallel programming and read out of artificial neural network weights in a crossbar memory array. However, selective and linear weight updates and &lt;10nA read currents are required for learning that surpasses conventional computing efficiency. We introduce an ionic floating-gate memory array [1] based upon a polymer redox transistor connected to a volatile conductive-bridge memory (CBM). Selective and linear programming of a transistor array is executed in parallel by overcoming the bridging threshold of the CBMs. Synaptic weight readout with currents &lt;10nA is achieved by diluting the conductive polymer in an insulating channel to decrease the conductance. The redox transistors endure &gt; 10 9 ‘read-write’ operations and support &gt; 1MHz ‘read-write’ frequencies. [1] Fuller et. al. Science , 2019 (in press)
A Versatile Automated Platform for Micro-scale Cell Stimulation Experiments (2013)

Study of cells in culture (in vitro analysis) has provided important insight into complex biological systems. Conventional methods and equipment for in vitro analysis are well suited to study of large numbers of cells (≥105) in milliliter-scale volumes (≥0.1 ml). However, there are many instances in which it is necessary or desirable to scale down culture size to reduce consumption of the cells of interest and/or reagents required for their culture, stimulation, or processing. Unfortunately, conventional approaches do not support precise and reproducible manipulation of micro-scale cultures, and the microfluidics-based automated systems currently available are too complex and specialized for routine use by most laboratories. To address this problem, we have developed a simple and versatile technology platform for automated culture, stimulation, and recovery of small populations of cells (100 - 2,000 cells) in micro-scale volumes (1 - 20 μl). The platform consists of a set of fibronectin-coated microcapillaries ("cell perfusion chambers"), within which micro-scale cultures are established, maintained, and stimulated; a digital microfluidics (DMF) device outfitted with "transfer" microcapillaries ("central hub"), which routes cells and reagents to and from the perfusion chambers; a high-precision syringe pump, which powers transport of materials between the perfusion chambers and the central hub; and an electronic interface that provides control over transport of materials, which is coordinated and automated via pre-determined scripts. As an example, we used the platform to facilitate study of transcriptional responses elicited in immune cells upon challenge with bacteria. Use of the platform enabled us to reduce consumption of cells and reagents, minimize experiment-to-experiment variability, and re-direct hands-on labor. Given the advantages that it confers, as well as its accessibility and versatility, our platform should find use in a wide variety of laboratories and applications, and prove especially useful in facilitating analysis of cells and stimuli that are available in only limited quantities.
Robust structured interference rejection combining (2005)

The problem of suppressing interference and jamming in a wireless communications receiver is a fundamental one. Many existing algorithms for this task are based on prewhitening of the received data so that the interference appears as white noise, and a conventional detector can be applied. However, such methods, in general, need to know the structure of the interference signal (for example, the rank of its autocorrelation matrix, m). The classical approach to the latter problem is either to assume that m is fixed (known), or to use rank detection techniques to estimate m first and then apply prewhitening in an adaptive fashion. This is suboptimal for two reasons: First, information is discarded when one takes a decision on m; second, no optimal rank detection methods exist. We present a new approach to the problem that circumvents the estimation of m. The key idea is to use a trained mixture model ("mixture of experts") to describe the received data, where each mixture component is associated with a particular rank, m. The optimal receiver for this model consists of a bank of detectors (one for each possible m) whose outputs are combined. One can think of this scheme as a way of taking "soft decisions" on the rank, m. Via numerical examples, we show that the new method significantly outperforms methods based on rank detection, at a modest increase in complexity.
Intercalation of aminophenyl- and pyridinium-substituted porphyrins into zirconium hydrogen phosphate: evidence for substituent-derived orientational selectivity (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntercalation of aminophenyl- and pyridinium-substituted porphyrins into zirconium hydrogen phosphate: evidence for substituent-derived orientational selectivityRonald M. Kim, John E. Pillion, David A. Burwell, John T. Groves, and Mark E. ThompsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 21, 4509–4516Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00073a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00073a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association between Physical Activity and Retinal Microvascular Signs: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (2010)

In this cross-sectional analyzes, higher levels of physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence of retinal microvascular abnormalities.
Automatic Transmit Power Control for Mobile Communication Channel (1994)

When we apply the automatic transmit power control (ATPC) to mobile radio communication channel, where fast fading may happen, it is important to follow the fast fading. Prediction of signal level using past data is effective for this purpose. In predicting signal level, the prediction on signal amplitude is difficult, since the amplitude is subjected to an acute angle shaped fading. This paper proposes a new method of the ATPC. In this method, received signal is demodulated into the inphase and quadrature components, and prediction is made on these components. In addition to this, we propose an algorithm where the predicted control never follow too deeply the fading: the prediction and control is frozen when the fading depth becomes deep under a threshold level. Computer simulation is made under some fading conditions assuming the Japanese PHs (Personal Handy System). The computer simulation results show that the proposed method can cope with fading faster than a conventional method does.
Novel Large-Area Attachment for High-Temperature Power Electronics Module Application (2017)

Soft soldering is still the standard bonding method in order to provide a large void-free joining area in power electronics module applications. Ag sintering has been proven for small-area die attach applications to increase junction temperature and reliability. In this paper, we explore silver sintering technology further for large-area high-temperature substrate bonding in order to enable full benefits of SiC power semiconductors in terms of higher junction temperature, higher power density and higher reliability.
Supplementary Figure S2 from H3B-6527 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNA-seq analysis of 24 CCLE HCC cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
A Smith-Purcell free electron laser based on an X-band photoinjector (2003)

Summary form only given. A Smith-Purcell free electron laser (SPFEL) involves the interaction of an electromagnetic (EM) wave, a periodic grating structure, an electron beam propagating parallel to the plane of the grating and normal to the grating rulings, and an optical cavity. The authors describe plans for a detailed experimental and theoretical study of a SPFEL The source of the electron beam will be the X-band photoinjector under development at LLNL (Landahl et al., 1998). This source was originally designed for the optimum production of coherent radiation at frequencies up to I THz; the device produces relativistic (5 MeV) electron bunches with sub-ps duration. Therefore, the X-band RF gun would be ideally suited to generate high power (MW) pulses of radiation, via the coherent SPFEL.