gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammostrat as an immunohistochemical multigene assay for prediction of early relapse risk in the TEAM pathology study. (2012)

516 Background: Some postmenopausal patients with hormone sensitive early breast cancer remain at high risk of relapse despite endocrine therapy, and might benefit additionally from adjuvant chemotherapy. The challenge is to prospectively identify such patients. The Mammostrat test uses five immunohistochemical markers to stratify patients regarding recurrence risk, and may inform treatment decisions. We tested the efficacy of this panel in the TEAM trial. Methods: Pathology blocks from 4598 TEAM patients were collected and TMAs constructed. The cohort was 47% node positive and 36% were also treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Triplicate 0.6mm 2 TMA cores were stained and positivity for p53, HTF9C, CEACAM5, NDRG1, SLC7A5 assessed. Cases were assigned a Mammostrat risk score, and distant relapse free (DRFS) and disease free survival (DFS) analysed. Results: In multivariate regression analyses, corrected for conventional clinicopathological markers, Mammostrat provided significant additional information on DRFS after endocrine therapy in ER positive node negative patients (N=1226) not receiving chemotherapy (p=0.004). Further analyses in all patients not exposed to chemotherapy, irrespective of nodal status (N=2559) and in the entire cohort (N=3837) showed Mammostrat scores provide additional information on DRFS in these groups (p=0.001 and p&lt;0.0001 respectively; multivariate analyses). No differences were seen between the two endocrine treatment regimens. Conclusions: The Mammostrat score predicts DRFS for both exemestane and tamoxifen-exemestane treated patients irrespective of nodal status and chemotherapy. The ability of this test to provide additional outcome data following treatment provides further evidence for its’ utility in risk stratification of ER positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
Pairing of Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae (Mueller, 1935) (Trematoda) In vitro, in the Chick and on the Chorioallantois (1972)

Bernard Fried, Thomas M. Roberts, Pairing of Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae (Mueller, 1935) (Trematoda) In vitro, in the Chick and on the Chorioallantois, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 58, No. 1 (Feb., 1972), pp. 88-91
Supplementary Tables from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 1-15&lt;/p&gt;
Camless Engine Control for a Robust Unthrottled Operation (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Substantial improvements in engine fuel efficiency, torque and reduction of emissions are available with camless actuation capable of continuous control of engine valve lift, duration and timing. A phenomenological model has been developed for an unthrottled operation that is key to efficiency gain. An adaptive nonlinear controller has been designed to coordinate intake valve lift and duration by using high sampling rate intake manifold pressure and flow sensors. The driver torque demand is satisfied, while pumping losses are minimized. Simulation results for a 4 cylinder 2.0 L engine demonstrate event-to-event tracking and cylinder-to-cylinder balancing. The controller corrects for variations in effective flow areas (e.g. valve deposits), induction ram effects, and temperature.&lt;/div&gt;
Abstract 2137: JAK2 as a novel therapeutic target in anaplastic thyroid cancer (2017)

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is rare (1.3%) and represents arguably the most lethal human malignancy with 1-year survival rates of only 10%. There are currently no effective treatments for the majority of patients, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutics to manage this disease. Objective: To validate the functional importance of JAK2 as a therapeutic target in ATC. Methods: In this study, we have used siRNA knockdown to interrogate the JAK2 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in ATC. We investigated the mechanism of action and cell death, and assayed for migration and invasion, in vitro. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was also utilized for drug testing, whereby 1x106 Cal62 ATC cells were on-planted to the chick embryo membrane. Two days post on-plant, CAM models were treated with the vehicle (DMSO) or lestaurtinib to measure outcomes including tumor volume and vascularity. Results: We identified the JAK2 inhibitor lestaurtinib as an inhibitory agent controlling cell line proliferation at submicromolar mean inhibitory concentrations. Immunoblotting revealed the inhibition of phosphorylation of the downstream signaling molecule STAT5 in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of Cal62 cells resulted in a decrease in cell migration using the scratch-wound assay. The anti-proliferative effective of lestaurtinib did not cause apoptosis, autophagy or cell senescence. CAM models treated with a 4 uM dose of lestaurtinib showed a significant decrease in both tumor volume and vascularity. Conclusions: Lestaurtinib was found to provide potent control of ATC cell proliferation and migration, and was also found to decrease tumor growth and vascularity in a CAM model. Knockout studies are underway to confirm that the anticancer effect of this drug is indeed mediated through JAK2 signaling. If validated, JAK2 represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of aggressive thyroid cancers. Citation Format: Nicole C. Pinto, Kara Ruicci, Stephenie Prokopec, Karlee Searle, Matthew Lowerison, John Yoo, Kevin Fung, Danielle MacNeil, Hon S. Leong, Alessandro Datti, Paul C. Boutros, John W. Barrett, Anthony C. Nichols. JAK2 as a novel therapeutic target in anaplastic thyroid cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2137. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2137
An Influence of Superheat Upon the Spray Configurations of Superheated Liquid Jets (1966)

Technical Briefs An Influence of Superheat Upon the Spray Configurations of Superheated Liquid Jets John H. Lienhard John H. Lienhard Mechanical Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information John H. Lienhard Mechanical Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. J. Basic Eng. Sep 1966, 88(3): 685-687 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3645940 Published Online: September 1, 1966 Article history Received: October 23, 1965 Online: November 3, 2011
Dental Health and the Type of Antipsychotic Treatment in Inpatients with Schizophrenia. (2015)

The results suggest that patients with schizophrenia maintained on atypicals have better dental health than patients treated with typicals or with a combination of both. From an oral health perspective, monotherapy with atypicals is superior to both typical and atypical/typical treatments. Although the choice between typical and atypical antipsychotic agents is based mainly on clinical psychiatric efficacy, the benefit of atypicals with regard to dental health should be taken into consideration in clinician's decision making.
Chiral Ligands (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Soret Coefficient in Nonionic Microemulsions: Concentration and Structure Dependence (2013)

Here we investigate the thermal diffusion behavior of the nonionic microemulsion water/n-decane/pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5). We study the dependence of the Soret coefficient on the structure and composition by infrared thermal diffusion Rayleigh scattering. The form and size of the microemulsion structure is characterized by dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering. The system was examined in the one-phase region between the emulsification failure boundary and the near critical boundary, where oil swollen nanostructures stabilized by an amphiphilic surfactant film are dispersed in a continuous water phase. The size and shape of these structures as well as the interfacial properties of microemulsions can be varied by changing temperature and composition, which allows a systematic study of their influence on the thermal diffusion properties. In addition, we analyze the relationship between the Soret coefficient and the temperature dependence of the interfacial tension as proposed by A. Parola and R. Piazza (Eur. Phys. J. E 2004, 15, 255-263) and find reasonable agreement for spherical microemulsion droplets.
Study of the Mechanical Stress Impact on Silicide Contact Resistance by 4-Point Bending (2019)

In this work, externally applied mechanical stress impact on silicide contact resistance is studied by in-situ probing in four-point bending (4pb)of a circular transmission line model (CTLM)test structure. Much less stress impact on silicide contact resistance is found compared to the stress impact on n-Si mobility. Stress impact on two silicide contacts (Ti/n-Si and La/n-Si)is studied and different behavior is observed due to the Schottky barrier difference. To explain the phenomenon, a TCAD model of CTLM is implemented and compared with the silicide diode measurement. The shifts of band energy level contribute to the change of Schottky barrier height and hence induce the contact resistance variation.
Geometric Theory of Heat from Souriau Lie Groups Thermodynamics and Koszul Hessian Geometry: Applications in Information Geometry for Exponential Families (2016)

We introduce the Symplectic Structure of Information Geometry based on Souriau&amp;rsquo;s Lie Group Thermodynamics model, with a covariant definition of Gibbs equilibrium via invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its moment space, defining physical observables like energy, heat, and moment as pure geometrical objects. Using Geometric (Planck) Temperature of Souriau model and Symplectic cocycle notion, the Fisher metric is identified as a Souriau Geometric Heat Capacity. Souriau model is based on affine representation of Lie Group and Lie algebra that we compare with Koszul works on G/K homogeneous space and bijective correspondence between the set of G-invariant flat connections on G/K and the set of affine representations of the Lie algebra of G. In the framework of Lie Group Thermodynamics, an Euler-Poincar&amp;eacute; equation is elaborated with respect to thermodynamic variables, and a new variational principal for thermodynamics is built through an invariant Poincar&amp;eacute;-Cartan-Souriau integral. The Souriau-Fisher metric is linked to KKS (Kostant-Kirillov-Souriau) 2-form that associates a canonical homogeneous symplectic manifold to the co-adjoint orbits. We apply this model in the framework of Information Geometry for the action of an affine Group for exponentiel families, and provide some illustration of use cases for multivariate Gaussian densities. Information Geometry is presented in the context of seminal work of Fr&amp;eacute;chet and his Clairait-Legendre equation. Souriau model of Statistical Physics is validated as compatible with Balian gauge model of thermodynamics. We recall the precursor work of Casalis on affine group invariance for natural exponential families.
Numerical interpretation of thermal desorption spectra of hydrogen from high-carbon ferrite-austenite dual-phase steel (2023)

The peak in the thermal desorption spectra of hydrogen from a high-carbon ferrite-austenite dual-phase steel shifts to the high-temperature side as the amount of charged hydrogen increases. However, the hydrogen-trapping state and the peak formation process are unclear. We interpreted the spectra by reproducing them using the previously reported model. Introducing a diffusion barrier from the ferrite phase to the austenite phase and excluding hydrogen entering the austenite phase shows that the peak is attributed to the carbide trap site when the amount of charged hydrogen is comparatively small and hydrogen trapped by the interface trap site increasingly influences the peak as the amount of charged hydrogen increases. We also found that the thickness dependence of the peak for the interface trap site could be attributed to a different reason than the conventional diffusion-determining process.
A Note on the Construction of Counterfactuals and the G-computation Formula (2005)

Robins' causal inference theory assumes existence of treatment specific counterfactual variables so that the observed data augmented by the counterfactual data will satisfy a consistency and a randomization assumption. In this paper we provide an explicit function that maps the observed data into a counterfactual variable which satisfies the consistency and randomization assumptions. This offers a practically useful imputation method for counterfactuals. Gill &amp; Robins [2001]'s construction of counterfactuals can be used as an imputation method in principle, but it is very hard to implement in practice. Robins [1987] shows that the counterfactual distribution can be identified from the observed data distribution by a G-computation formula under an additional identifiability assumption. He proves this for discrete variables. Gill &amp; Robins [2001] prove the G-computation formula for continuous variables under some continuity assumptions and reformulation of the consistency and the randomization assumptions. We prove that if treatment is discrete (which deals with a less general case compared with Gill &amp; Robins [2001], then Robins' G-computation formula holds under the original consistency, randomization assumptions and a generalized version of the identifiability assumption.
An unsupervised approach to prepositional phrase attachment using contextually similar words (2000)

Prepositional phrase attachment is a common source of ambiguity in natural language processing. We present an unsupervised corpus-based approach to prepositional phrase attachment that achieves similar performance to supervised methods. Unlike previous unsupervised approaches in which training data is obtained by heuristic extraction of unambiguous examples from a corpus, we use an iterative process to extract training data from an automatically parsed corpus. Attachment decisions are made using a linear combination of features and low frequency events are approximated using contextually similar words.
An ensemble model based on early predictors to forecast COVID-19 health care demand in France (2022)

Short-term forecasting of the COVID-19 pandemic is required to facilitate the planning of COVID-19 health care demand in hospitals. Here, we evaluate the performance of 12 individual models and 19 predictors to anticipate French COVID-19-related health care needs from September 7, 2020, to March 6, 2021. We then build an ensemble model by combining the individual forecasts and retrospectively test this model from March 7, 2021, to July 6, 2021. We find that the inclusion of early predictors (epidemiological, mobility, and meteorological predictors) can halve the rms error for 14-d–ahead forecasts, with epidemiological and mobility predictors contributing the most to the improvement. On average, the ensemble model is the best or second-best model, depending on the evaluation metric. Our approach facilitates the comparison and benchmarking of competing models through their integration in a coherent analytical framework, ensuring that avenues for future improvements can be identified.
Lack of Association between Group B Meningococcal Disease and Autoimmune Disease (2007)

Our findings suggest that invasive disease caused by GBM is not associated with autoimmune diseases in humans for up to 31 years after meningococcal disease and should lessen concerns regarding the development of a capsular-based GBM vaccine.
The Profile of Executive Functioning in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Disproportionate Deficits in Inhibitory Control (2012)

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) represents a group of individuals who are highly likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although aMCI is typically conceptualized as involving predominantly deficits in episodic memory, recent studies have demonstrated that deficits in executive functioning may also be present, and thorough categorization of cognitive functioning in MCI may improve early diagnosis and treatment of AD. We first provide an extensive review of neuropsychology studies that examined executive functioning in MCI. We then present data on executive functioning across multiple sub-domains (divided attention, working memory, inhibitory control, verbal fluency, and planning) in 40 aMCI patients (single or multiple domain) and 32 normal elderly controls (NECs). MCI patients performed significantly worse than NECs in all 5 sub-domains, and there was impairment (>1.0 SD below the mean of NECs) in all sub-domains. Impairment on each test was frequent, with 100% of MCI patients exhibiting a deficit in at least one sub-domain of executive functioning. Inhibitory control was the most frequently and severely impaired. These results indicate that executive dysfunction in multiple sub-domains is common in aMCI and highlights the importance of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation for fully characterizing the nature and extent of cognitive deficits in MCI.
Highly efficient nonradiative energy transfer mediated light harvesting in water using aqueous CdTe quantum dot antennas (2010)

We present light harvesting of aqueous colloidal quantum dots to nonradiatively transfer their excitonic excitation energy efficiently to dye molecules in water, without requiring ligand exchange. These as-synthesized CdTe quantum dots that are used as donors to serve as light-harvesting antennas are carefully optimized to match the electronic structure of Rhodamine B molecules used as acceptors for light harvesting in aqueous medium. By varying the acceptor to donor concentration ratio, we measure the light harvesting factor, along with substantial lifetime modifications of these water-soluble quantum dots, from 25.3 ns to 7.2 ns as a result of their energy transfer with efficiency levels up to 86%. Such nonradiative energy transfer mediated light harvesting in aqueous medium holds great promise for future quantum dot multiplexed dye biodetection systems.
Magnetically driven anisotropic structural changes in the atomic laminateMn2GaC (2016)

Inherently layered magnetic materials, such as magnetic ${M}_{n+1}A{X}_{n}$ (MAX) phases, offer an intriguing perspective for use in spintronics applications and as ideal model systems for fundamental studies of complex magnetic phenomena. The MAX phase composition ${{M}_{n}}_{+1}A{X}_{n}$ consists of ${M}_{n+1}{X}_{n}$ blocks separated by atomically thin $A$-layers where $M$ is a transition metal, $A$ an A-group element, $X$ refers to carbon and/or nitrogen, and $n$ is typically 1, 2, or 3. Here, we show that the recently discovered magnetic $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{2}\mathrm{GaC}$ MAX phase displays structural changes linked to the magnetic anisotropy, and a rich magnetic phase diagram which can be manipulated through temperature and magnetic field. Using first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, an essentially one-dimensional (1D) interlayer plethora of two-dimensioanl (2D) Mn-C-Mn trilayers with robust intralayer ferromagnetic spin coupling was revealed. The complex transitions between them were observed to induce magnetically driven anisotropic structural changes. The magnetic behavior as well as structural changes dependent on the temperature and applied magnetic field are explained by the large number of low energy, i.e., close to degenerate, collinear and noncollinear spin configurations that become accessible to the system with a change in volume. These results indicate that the magnetic state can be directly controlled by an applied pressure or through the introduction of stress and show promise for the use of $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{2}\mathrm{GaC}$ MAX phases in future magnetoelectric and magnetocaloric applications.
3D Characterization of the Refractive-Index and Residual-Stress Distributions in Optical Fibers (2012)

For the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the refractive-index and residual-stress distributions of photonic crystal fibers are measured. Changes of 2.3×10−5 in index and 0.4 MPa in stress are resolvable.
Recent progress of nitride-based light emitting devices (2003)

We review the recent progress of nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and discuss the relation between dislocation density and quantum efficiency. We also discuss how to improve the external quantum efficiency of nitride-based LEDs. Secondly, the group-III nitride laser diodes (LDs), which emit from near-ultraviolet to pure-blue, are reviewed. Reducing threading dislocations can increase the lifetime of nitride LDs. Using the epitaxial lateral overgrowth technique, a dislocations density of the order of 105 cm−2 has been obtained. The relation between the lifetime of nitride LDs and the density of dislocations is discussed. Finally, near-ultraviolet LDs and pure-blue LDs are described. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Real Time Indirect Nanoplasmonic in Situ Spectroscopy of Catalyst Nanoparticle Sintering (2013)

Catalyst deactivation by sintering significantly reduces\nproductivity\nand energy efficiency of the chemical industry and the effectiveness\nof environmental cleanup processes. It also hampers the introduction\nof novel energy conversion devices such as fuel cells. The use of\nexperimental techniques that allow the scrutiny of sintering in situ\nat high temperatures and pressures in reactive environments is a key\nto alleviate this situation. Today, such techniques are, however,\nlacking. Here, we demonstrate by monitoring the sintering kinetics\nof a Pt/SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; model catalyst under such conditions in real\ntime that indirect nanoplasmonic sensing (INPS) has the potential\nto fill this gap. Specifically, we show an unambiguous correlation\nbetween the optical response of the INPS sensor and catalyst sintering.\nThe obtained data are analyzed by means of a kinetic model accounting\nfor the particle-size-dependent activation energy of the Pt detachment.\nOstwald ripening is identified as the main sintering mechanism.
Ragweed Pollen Allergy: Burden, Characteristics, and Management of an Imported Allergen Source in Europe (2018)

Ambrosia artemisiifolia, also known as common or short ragweed, is an invasive annual flowering herbaceous plant that has its origin in North America. Nowadays, ragweed can be found in many areas worldwide. Ragweed pollen is known for its high potential to cause type I allergic reactions in late summer and autumn and represents a major health problem in America and several countries in Europe. Climate change and urbanization, as well as long distance transport capacity, enhance the spread of ragweed pollen. Therefore ragweed is becoming domestic in non-invaded areas which in turn will increase the sensitization rate. So far 11 ragweed allergens have been described and, according to IgE reactivity, Amb a 1 and Amb a 11 seem to be major allergens. Sensitization rates of the other allergens vary between 10 and 50%. Most of the allergens have already been recombinantly produced, but most of them have not been characterized regarding their allergenic activity, therefore no conclusion on the clinical relevance of all the allergens can be made, which is important and necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for ragweed pollen allergy but fails to impact on the course of allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causative and disease-modifying treatment of allergy with long-lasting effects, but currently it is based on the administration of ragweed pollen extract or Amb a 1 only. In order to improve ragweed pollen AIT, new strategies are required with higher efficacy and safety.