gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of PEMFC Electrocatalyst-Layer Surface and Interfacial Phenomena via Neutron Reflectivity (2006)

Neutron reflectivity (NR) is being used to measure simulated long-term behavior of idealized electrode interfacial structures in varying humidity environments. Nafion® ionomer dispersions were examined after deposition onto glassy carbon (GC) substrates before and after accelerated testing, and significant changes in the oxide content of GC and scattering length density of Nafion® were observed. Single layers of Nafion® and Nafion®/Pt bilayers on GC have also been investigated. Data was obtained for these samples with Nafion® 1100-EW films equilibrated in three different water vapor relative humidity (RH) environments - ambient ~10% H2O, 10% D2O, and 100% D2O. This data shows that a multilayer, in-situ NR model is needed to describe thin Nafion films when equilibrated with water vapor and is discussed in context of its implications on the oxygen reduction reaction and Pt-Nafion microelectrode studies.
Learning Cross-Modality Representations From Multi-Modal Images (2018)

Machine learning algorithms can have difficulties adapting to data from different sources, for example from different imaging modalities. We present and analyze three techniques for unsupervised cross-modality feature learning, using a shared autoencoder-like convolutional network that learns a common representation from multi-modal data. We investigate a form of feature normalization, a learning objective that minimizes cross-modality differences, and modality dropout, in which the network is trained with varying subsets of modalities. We measure the same-modality and cross-modality classification accuracies and explore whether the models learn modality-specific or shared features. This paper presents experiments on two public data sets, with knee images from two MRI modalities, provided by the Osteoarthritis Initiative, and brain tumor segmentation on four MRI modalities from the BRATS challenge. All three approaches improved the cross-modality classification accuracy, with modality dropout and per-feature normalization giving the largest improvement. We observed that the networks tend to learn a combination of cross-modality and modality-specific features. Overall, a combination of all three methods produced the most cross-modality features and the highest cross-modality classification accuracy, while maintaining most of the same-modality accuracy.
Characterizing Diodes for RF ESD Protection (2004)

A diode string as an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure for RF ICs is attractive because of its reduced total parasitic capacitance. This letter reports a comprehensive RF characterization of diodes for RF ESD protection, including S-parameters, parasitic capacitance, and resistance. It is found that a two- or three-diode string may be an optimal RF ESD protection solution due to the balanced overall performance, including ESD protection level, total size, and ESD-induced parasitic effects, etc. An optimized two-diode string for 5 kV ESD protection features a 108.5 fF parasitic capacitance at 2.4 GHz, and is 3680 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in size. The design was implemented in a commercial 0.35-μm BiCMOS technology.
INTERFACIAL DEFECTS IN NiO-ZrO2 (CaO) EUTECTIC (1990)

Lamellar interfaces in the NiO-ZrO2(CaO) directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) have been investigated using electron optical techniques. Several characteristic interfacial defects have been analyzed and discussed invoking geometric arguments. Special attention is given to the topographical defects and their structural and functional characteristics.
Fire retardant polymers: recent developments and opportunities (2007)

In this Feature Article, we discuss recent developments of flame retardant polymers. Three approaches are considered: (i) inherently flame retardant polymers, (ii) chemically modified polymers and (iii) flame retardants as additives for polymers. We have tried to show the new directions and concepts emerging in the field of flame retardancy. We have mainly focused our comments on flame retardants, nanofillers and surface treatment because very promising concepts appeared recently in the published literature. Synergistic aspects are also fully discussed.
Supplementary Table 2 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

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Metabolic Reprogramming and Inflammatory Response Induced by D-Lactate in Bovine Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Depends on HIF-1 Activity (2021)

Acute ruminal acidosis (ARA) occurs after an excessive intake of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and is characterized by the overproduction of D-lactate in the rumen that reaches the bloodstream. Lameness presentation, one of the primary consequences of ARA in cattle, is associated with the occurrence of laminitis and aseptic polysynovitis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are predominant cells of synovia and play a key role in the pathophysiology of joint diseases, thus increasing the chances of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased D-lactate levels and disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, pyruvates, and amino acids are observed in the synovial fluid of heifers with ARA-related polysynovitis prior to neutrophil infiltration, suggesting an early involvement of metabolic disturbances in joint inflammation. We hypothesized that D-lactate induces metabolic reprogramming, along with an inflammatory response, in bovine exposed FLS. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics revealed that D-lactate disrupts the metabolism of bovine FLS, mainly enhancing glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and galactose metabolism. The reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed an increased expression of metabolic-related genes, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α, glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1), L-lactate dehydrogenase subunit A (L-LDHA), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK-1). Along with metabolic disturbances, D-lactate also induced an overexpression and the secretion of IL-6. Furthermore, the inhibition of HIF-1, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB reduced the expression of IL-6 and metabolic-related genes. The results of this study reveal a potential role for D-lactate in bFLS metabolic reprogramming and support a close relationship between inflammation and metabolism in cattle.
Novel co-design of NAND flash memory and NAND flash controller circuits for sub-30nm low-power high-speed solid-state drives (SSD) (2008)

Three new circuit technologies, selective bit-line precharge scheme, advanced source-line program, and intelligent interleaving are proposed. By co-designing NAND flash memory and NAND controller circuits, both NAND and NAND controllers are best optimized. At sub-30nm generation, the SSD speed improves by 150% without a cost penalty or circuit noise. Keywords: SSD, NAND, Flash, controller
Characterization and beneficiation of Ethiopian kaolin for use in fabrication of ceramic membrane (2021)

Abstract Kaolin (china clay) is a rock material that is very rich in kaolinite. A kaolin ore from Debre Tabor, Ethiopia containing 59.2 wt% SiO 2 , 24.9 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 2.4 wt% Fe 2 O 3, and 8.22 wt% loss on ignition (LOI) was physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated for possible industrial use, especially for ceramic membrane fabrication. The leaching experiments were carried out using oxalic acid solutions as leaching reagents for the iron extraction process. The effect of acid concentration, reaction temperature, and contact time on iron leaching was investigated. It was determined that the rate of iron extraction increased with the oxalic acid concentration, leaching temperature, and contact time. A substantial reduction of iron oxide (2.4 to 0.36 wt%) from the raw kaolin was observed at operating conditions of 2.0 M oxalic acid, the temperature of 120 °C, and contact time of 120 min. A maximum kaolin whiteness index of 81.4% was achieved through this leaching process. Finally, the physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated kaolin raw material was used to fabricate a low - cost kaolin - based ceramic membrane. After firing at 1100 °C the ceramic membrane was found to have a mass loss of 11.04 ± 0.05%, water absorption of 8.9 ± 0.4%, linear shrinkage of 14.5 ± 0.05%. It was demonstrated to be chemically stable, having less than 3% mass loss in acid solution, and less than 1% mass loss in alkali solution. The newly developed membranes have thus properties comparable to commercial ceramic membranes.
Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (unionidae) (2007)

The objective of the present study was to determine acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, or chlorine to larval (glochidia) and juvenile mussels using the recently published American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. Toxicity tests were conducted with glochidia (24- to 48-h exposures) and juveniles (96-h exposures) of up to 11 mussel species in reconstituted ASTM hard water using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as a toxicant. Copper and ammonia tests also were conducted with five commonly tested species, including cladocerans (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia; 48-h exposures), amphipod (Hyalella azteca; 48-h exposures), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 96-h exposures), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas; 96-h exposures). Median effective concentrations (EC50s) for commonly tested species were >58 microg Cu/L (except 15 microg Cu/L for C. dubia) and >13 mg total ammonia N/L, whereas the EC50s for mussels in most cases were <45 microg Cu/L or <12 mg N/L and were often at or below the final acute values (FAVs) used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1996 acute water quality criterion (WQC) for copper and 1999 acute WQC for ammonia. However, the chlorine EC50s for mussels generally were >40 microg/L and above the FAV in the WQC for chlorine. The results indicate that the early life stages of mussels generally were more sensitive to copper and ammonia than other organisms and that, including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC, would lower the WQC for copper or ammonia. Furthermore, including additional mussel data in 2007 WQC for copper based on biotic ligand model would further lower the WQC.
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW ACROSS A COMPLIANT BLUFF BODY (2003)

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) code is constructed for solving flow across a three-dimensional deformable bluff body. In the present study, DNS of flow across rigid and compliant cylinders is performed to evaluate the code and the drag reduction effect with a compliant surface. The Strouhal number of shedding of the Karman vortex is calculated and it agrees well with that reported in the literature. Several cases changing the material properties of modelled compliant surface are calculated. It is shown that although the pressure drag is increased, the friction drag is reduced with compliant surface. This fact indicates that a compliant surface can be applied as a drag reduction device in friction drag dominant flows, such as flow around a huge ship.
Civil Helicopter Flight Operations Using Differential GPS (1985)

NASA Ames Research Center conducted a nonreal-time, Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) flight-test experiment using two coarse-acquisition (C/ A) code GPS receivers. The data were recorded concurrently at a fixed site and on board the NASA SH-3G test helicopter. The aircraft conducted several simulated mission operations, including terminal approach, while being tracked by radar and laser systems. After the flights, data recorded by the two GPS receivers and the trackers were analyzed to determine whether differential corrections could improve the navigation performance of the airborne GPS receiver. An airborne navigation error history was obtained by subtracting the reference “true” trajectory (derived from the tracking data) from the airborne GPS navigation solution. At the same time, differential GPS corrections were obtained by subtracting the ground-station GPS navigation solution from the true (surveyed) location of the ground receiver. Filtering was used to separate receiver-unique errors in the GPS data from the locally common (spatially correlated) GPS errors. The results show high correlation between airborne navigation errors and the differential corrections. The airborne navigation solution is shown to be much improved after the addition of the differential corrections. Efforts are continuing to develop a real-time differential data link between the ground station and the aircraft.
Activity of Human IgG and IgA Subclasses in Immune Defense Against Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B (2001)

Both IgG and IgA Abs have been implicated in host defense against bacterial infections, although their relative contributions remain unclear. We generated a unique panel of human chimeric Abs of all human IgG and IgA subclasses with identical V genes against porin A, a major subcapsular protein Ag of Neisseria meningitidis and a vaccine candidate. Chimeric Abs were produced in baby hamster kidney cells, and IgA-producing clones were cotransfected with human J chain and/or human secretory component. Although IgG (isotypes IgG1-3) mediated efficient complement-dependent lysis, IgA was unable to. However, IgA proved equally active to IgG in stimulating polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst. Remarkably, although porin-specific monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric IgA triggered efficient phagocytosis, secretory IgA did not. These studies reveal unique and nonoverlapping roles for IgG and IgA Abs in defense against meningococcal infections.
ELECTROSPUN PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS (2002)

ABSTRACT Electrospinning is a simple technique to form high surface area membranes using large static electric potentials. An application, taking advantage of such a high surface area, is a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell, wherein a chromophore molecule absorbs light before being oxidized to generate a photocurrent. We report functioning photovoltaic cells made from polyacrylonitrile fibers infused with the azo-dye, Congo Red in a liquid-junction cell assembly. Cell performance of the electrospun cells compared favorably to cells made by spin-coating thin films of polyacrylonitrile and Congo Red. Also reported are the effects of adding nanoparticles of titanium dioxide to the cells. Finally, the maximum amount of dye that can be incorporated into a fiber is presented.
Recognizing Architectural Distortion in Mammogram: A Multiscale Texture Modeling Approach with GMM (2011)

We propose a generative model for constructing an efficient set of distinctive textures for recognizing architectural distortion in digital mammograms. In the first layer of the proposed two-layer architecture, the mammogram is analyzed by a multiscale oriented filter bank to form texture descriptor of vectorized filter responses. Our model presumes that every mammogram can be characterized by a "bag of primitive texture patterns" and the set of textural primitives (or textons) is represented by a mixture of Gaussians which builds up the second layer of the proposed model. The observed textural descriptor in the first layer is assumed to be a stochastic realization of one (hard mapping) or more (soft mapping) textural primitive(s) from the second layer. The results obtained on two publicly available datasets, namely Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) and Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM), demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
764: Potential Preventative Actions of GCP™ Against Urogenital Cancers (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Monday, May 23, 2005, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 2005764: Potential Preventative Actions of GCP™ Against Urogenital Cancers Debra L. Bemis, Jillian Capodice, Ralph Buttyan, and Aaron E. Katz Debra L. BemisDebra L. Bemis More articles by this author , Jillian CapodiceJillian Capodice More articles by this author , Ralph ButtyanRalph Buttyan More articles by this author , and Aaron E. KatzAaron E. Katz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)34933-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "764: Potential Preventative Actions of GCP™ Against Urogenital Cancers." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 207 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 207 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Debra L. Bemis More articles by this author Jillian Capodice More articles by this author Ralph Buttyan More articles by this author Aaron E. Katz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Novel alkylresorcinol metabolites in human urine as potential exposure biomarkers for whole grain wheat and rye intake (270.6) (2014)

Biomarkers of dietary intake are prominent tools in nutritional research. Alkylresorcinol (AR) metabolites, 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5‐DHBA) and 3‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (3,5‐DHPPA), have been proposed as exposure biomarkers of whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intake. However, the profile of AR metabolites is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of ARs in mice and in humans, while further determining urinary pharmacokinetics of the novel AR metabolites to explore their potential as biomarkers of WG wheat intake. Utilization of LC‐MS approach resulted in ten AR metabolites (1‐10) identified in mice and in humans, including three phenolic acids and seven of their phase II conjugates. Among them, two novel metabolites were discovered, 5‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid (3,5‐DHPPTA) and 2‐(3,5‐dihydroxybenzamido)acetic acid (3,5‐DHBA glycine). The structures of these two metabolites were confirmed by comparing with authentic standards synthesized in house. In the pharmacokinetic study, a group of twelve volunteers followed a polyphenolic restricted diet for 4 d before ingesting WG wheat bread containing 61mg ARs. Urine samples were collected for 32 h, and AR metabolites were quantified with HPLC‐CEAD. The mean urinary excretion rates and mean t1/2 of 3,5‐DHPPTA, 3,5‐DHBA glycine, 3,5‐DHBA and 3,5‐DHPPA at each time point were determined. Our results suggest that 3,5‐DHPPTA and 3,5‐DHBA glycine may be utilized in combination with 3,5‐DHBA and 3,5‐DHPPA as potential biomarkers to increase the accuracy of recording WG wheat and rye intake in epidemiologic studies. Further validation of 3,5‐DHPPTA and 3,5‐DHBA glycine as potential biomarkers is warranted. Grant Funding Source : 1This work was partially supported by funding from USDA‐NIFA grant 2012‐38821‐20012 to S. Sang.
Introducing model inversion attacks on automatic speaker recognition (2022)

Model inversion (MI) attacks allow to reconstruct average per-class representations of a machine learning (ML) model's training data. It has been shown that in scenarios where each class corresponds to a different individual, such as face classifiers, this represents a severe privacy risk. In this work, we explore a new application for MI: the extraction of speakers' voices from a speaker recognition system. We present an approach to (1) reconstruct audio samples from a trained ML model and (2) extract intermediate voice feature representations which provide valuable insights into the speakers' biometrics. Therefore, we propose an extension of MI attacks which we call sliding model inversion. Our sliding MI extends standard MI by iteratively inverting overlapping chunks of the audio samples and thereby leveraging the sequential properties of audio data for enhanced inversion performance. We show that one can use the inverted audio data to generate spoofed audio samples to impersonate a speaker, and execute voice-protected commands for highly secured systems on their behalf. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first one extending MI attacks to audio data, and our results highlight the security risks resulting from the extraction of the biometric data in that setup.
DSP System Design Using Labview and Simulink: A Comparative Evaluation (2006)

LabVIEW and Simulink are two most widely used graphical programming environments for designing digital signal processing (DSP) systems. Unlike conventional text-based programming languages, such as C and MATLAB, graphical programming involves block-based code development, allowing a more efficient mechanism to build and analyze DSP systems. This paper presents a comparative evaluation between LabVIEW and Simulink in terms of a number of ease-of-use and functionality criteria. Twenty students taking a senior undergraduate DSP lab course were asked to perform the evaluation. The students' responses indicate that these two graphical environments provide more or less the same design features with LabVIEW having an edge over Simulink as far as graphical display/visualization and DSP hardware integration tools are concerned
A 16 by 32 wideband multichannel sounder at 5 GHz for MIMO (2004)

A wideband multichannel sounder with 16 simultaneous transmit channels and 32 switched receive elements in groups of 4 is presented. The sampling and processing requirements are discussed and some preliminary results are shown. In order to have a true wide-angle system two spherical arrays are applied. The element pattern of a dipole on sphere has been derived based on the exact solution in spherical harmonics.
Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists on Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Under Conditions of Singular Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion (1985)

Previous work has indicated that in long-term ovariectomized rats a potent antagonist to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) suppressed serum luteinizing hormone (LH) more successfully than follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The present studies examined whether the rise in serum FSH which occurs acutely after ovariectomy, or during the proestrous secondary surge, depends on GnRH. In Experiment A, rats were ovariectomized at 0800 h of metestrus and injected with (Ac-dehydro-Pro1, pCl-D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6, NaMeLeu7)-GnRH (Antag-I) at 1200 h of the same day, or 2 or 5 days later. Antag-I blocked the LH response completely, but only partially suppressed serum FSH levels. Experiment B tested a higher dose of a more potent antagonist [( Ac-3-Pro1, pF-D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6]-GnRH; Antag-II) injected at the time of ovariectomy. The analog suppressed serum LH by 79% and FSH by 30%. Experiment C examined the effect of Antag-II on the day of proestrus on the spontaneous secondary surge of FSH, as well as on a secondary FSH surge which can be induced by exogenous LH. Antag-II, given at 1200 h proestrus, blocked ovulation and the LH surge expected at 1830 h, as well as increases in serum FSH which occur at 1830 h and at 0400 h. Exogenous LH triggered a rise in FSH in rats suppressed by Antag-II. In Experiment D proestrous rats were injected with Antag-II at 1200 h and ovariectomized at 1530 h. By 0400 h the antag had suppressed FSH in controls, but in the ovariectomized rats, a vigorous FSH response occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)