gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A metric for evaluating speech recognizer output based on human-perception model (2015)

Word error rate or character error rate are usually used as the metrics for evaluating the accuracy of speech recognition. These are naturally-defined objective metrics and are helpful for comparing recognition methods fairly. However the overall performance of the recognition systems and the usefulness of the results are not necessarily considered. To address this problem, we study and propose a metric which replicates human-annotated scores using their perception to the recognition results. The features that we use are the numbers of insertion errors, deletion errors, and substitution errors in the characters and the syllables. In addition we studied the numbers of consecutive errors, the misrecognized keywords, and the locations of errors. We created models using linear regression and random forest, predicted human-perceived scores, and compared them with the actual scores using Spearman’s rank-based correlation. According to our experiments the correlation of human perceived scores with character error rates is 0.456, while those with the predicted scores by using a random forest of 10 features is 0.715. The latter is close to the averaged correlation between the scores of the human subjects, 0.765, which suggests that we can predict the human-perceived scores using those features and that we can leverage human perception model for evaluating speech recognition performance. The important factors (features) for the prediction are the numbers of substitution errors and consecutive errors.
Rear surface passivation of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cell and 2D simulation study (2008)

Rear surface passivation by deposited intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si) buffer layer in interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells significantly improves open circuit voltage (V<inf>OC</inf>) and short circuit current (J<inf>SC</inf>) but can lead to very low fill factor (FF) with an &#x201C;S&#x201D; shape J-V curve. In this paper, methods to optimize IBC-SHJ solar cell with improved FF are discussed and guided by two-dimensional numerical modelling. Two approaches to improve FF by modifying the buffer layer are evaluated: (1) increased conductivity, or (2) reduced band gap. Experimental results show that replacing the intrinsic a-Si layer in emitter with lightly doped p-type a-Si layer greatly improves fill factor, which is consistent with modelling prediction. However, the V<inf>OC</inf> and JSC are limited by the high recombination velocity of the unpassivated gap between the emitter and contact strips. The importance of gap passivation to achieve high efficiency in the IBC-SHJ structure was verified by 2D device simulation. The band gap of the intrinsic buffer layers have been reduced by changing the deposition conditions without substantially decreasing the passivation quality.
Performance Evaluation of Navy's Tactical Network using OPNET (2006)

The U.S. Navy's automated digital network system (ADNS) serves as the WAN interface that connects mobile units to the tactical network over a satellite communication link. ADNS is a key component providing transport services to mission-critical network messages. This study develops a simulation test bed to investigate the performance of ADNS Increment III. Several test scenarios were developed for this study. The performance of video and audio applications is presented. Test results suggest that QoS is required at the core routers to improve the network performance.
ChemInform Abstract: A New One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols: TiCl3/t‐BuOOH‐Mediated Radical Hydroxymethylation of Imines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plasma response to nanoparticle growth (2018)

The influence of nanoparticle growth on the plasma characteristics is studied by analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of several argon lines. It appears that some lines are promoted in dusty areas while other ones have an enhanced emission in dust-free regions like the void. This effect is related to the spatial dependence of the electron energy distribution: the particularly small electron energy in dust-free regions of a dusty plasma results in enhanced excitation of certain argon energy levels from metastable atoms.
A fine-grained taxonomy of tables on the web (2010)

We propose a classification taxonomy over a large crawl of HTML tables on the Web, focusing primarily on those tables that express structured knowledge. The taxonomy separates tables into two top-level classes: a) those used for layout purposes, including navigational and formatting; and b) those containing relational knowledge, including listings, attribute/value, matrix, enumeration, and form. We then propose a classification algorithm for automatically detecting a subset of the classes in our taxonomy, namely layout tables and attribute/value tables. We report on the performance of our system over a large sample of manually annotated HTML tables on the Web.
Threadlike Piezoelectric Sensors Based on Ferroelectrets and Their Application in Washable and Breathable Smart Clothing (2023)

Abstract Ferroelectrets, featuring strong piezoelectric activity, flexibility, lightweight, and low cost, are advanced material and have attractive prospects for various sensors and actuators. However, large‐scale production of ferroelectret‐based devices and their straightforward implementation in complicated structures remain difficult tasks. In this study, a novel self‐shielding threadlike piezoelectric pressure sensor based on irradiation cross‐linked polypropylene (IXPP) ferroelectrets with a symmetric coaxial structure, named Ferroelectret Coaxial Sensor (FCS), is designed, prepared, and characterized. Besides, such sensors with a length of up to 300 m are successfully produced by an industrial continuous production line, confirming that the fabrication procedure is compatible with it and that the FCS can be mass‐produced in the future. The results show that the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient up to 55 pC/N is achieved in the FCS, which is around four times of magnitude higher than those of commercially available piezo‐cables made of poly (vinylidene fluoride). Smart carpets and wristers weaved with an integrated FCS, that can be produced by an industrial production line, are sensitive, flexible/stretchable, washable, and breathable, demonstrating great potential in motion recognition for health care. A laboratory prototype of traffic sensors based on the FCS indicates its capability in speed meauring and dynamic weighing for vehicles. This study will greatly promote applications of ferroelectrets in wearable devices, smart housing, intelligent transportation, etc.
Disease Activity Indices for Pouchitis: A Systematic Review (2021)

Development and validation of a specific pouchitis disease activity index is needed given that existing instruments are not valid, reliable, or responsive.
Acoustic noise and echo cancellation microphone system for videoconferencing (1995)

Acoustic noise and echo cancellation using two adaptive filters and the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is the most effective technique of reducing acoustic noises and echoes in a hands-free telephone system. Unfortunately, high order filters are required in this traditional structure, which results in high cost, slow convergence, and high excess mean-square and numerical errors. The paper presents a new acoustic noise and echo cancellation microphone (ANECM) system, which consists of two closely-spaced directional microphones pointing in opposite directions and two low order adaptive filters. By using two highly correlated microphone signals, the ANECM system provides satisfied performance at much lower cost than the traditional techniques. To test and perfect the design, computer simulations were conducted based on real data collected from a typical conference room.
A Study of Mesh-Fed Slot Film Cooling (2009)

This investigation demonstrates the potential improvement in adiabatic film effectiveness that can be achieved through the use of mesh-fed surface slot film cooling. Mesh, or in-wall network, cooling is composed of fairly compact arrays of pedestals sized to fit within the limited wall thickness of a turbine airfoil. When the coolant discharge from such a mesh is along a shallow ramp to the airfoil aerodynamic surface (ie. like an angled film hole), the resulting film effectiveness from this combined geometry can be very high. The in-wall mesh network acts as the structural means for obtaining the slot geometry. In this study, flat plate warm wind tunnel testing has been conducted on two mesh-fed film geometries and compared against data for a row of axial round film holes, as well as a row of shaped diffuser film holes. The mesh-fed geometries are composed of pedestal arrays with height-to-diameter ratios of 0.2 exiting onto 20-degree inclines to the surface. The mesh slot exit film blowing ratios tested ranged from M = 0.1 to 0.7, while round and shaped film hole conditions covered 0.5 to 1.2. The mesh-fed film effectiveness results indicate a performance greater than that of shaped diffuser holes, but less than that of a more idealistic two-dimensional slot film geometry. The mesh-fed film effectiveness was as much as 25% higher than that for shaped holes in the near-hole region of x/Ms &amp;lt; 50, and up to 100% greater in the downstream region of x/ms &amp;gt; 50.
Large Signal Modeling of High Efficiency SiGe HBTs for Power Amplifier Applications (2007)

Large-signal compact modeling of SiGe HBTs integrated into a new IBM BICMOS technology geared towards high-efficiency power amplifiers is described. The technology exhibits a record 73% PAE at 5.75 GHz in class AB operation. A scalable HiCUM model (high current model) is developed to accurately model the DC, small-signal and large-signal characteristics. Results of DC, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> characteristics, output power, PAE and AM-PM performance of the device are discussed in detail.
Comparative study of two Atomic Layer Etching processes for GaN (2019)

International audience
Real-time robust estimation of breathing rate from PPG using commercial-grade smart devices (2020)

In this work, we present a solution for an accurate and real-time monitoring of breathing rate (BR) from photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal on both smartphone and smartwatch. Respiration induces multiple modulations in a PPG signal which are difficult to extract from low-quality PPG signal collected using consumer devices. We present an effective method of validating the breathing signal data which is evaluated and compared on an open dataset. The solution is also implemented as a smartphone and smartwatch app to provide an on-device real-time BR, and evaluated on multiple subjects. For the demonstration, we shall show breathing rate and breathing pattern both on smartphone and smartwatch, which can be visualized in real-time on a dashboard.
Development of Pyroprocess Integrated Inactive Demonstration Facility (2012)

PRIDE (PyRoprocess Integrated inactive DEmonstration facility) has been developed in Korea as a cold test facility to implement the pyroprocessing technology. The important role of PRIDE is to integrate the whole unit process in one continuous operation to achieve the engineering-scale viability of pyroprocessing. This can provide valuable information to solve the interface problems involved in entire processes. PRIDE consists of a large scale argon atmospheric cell, cell equipment, and utility systems. This paper introduces the major features of the PRIDE facility, such as an argon supply system, cell operating equipment, and a safety related system. In PRIDE, the key technology will be tested and demonstrated using depleted uranium with surrogate materials.
Longitudinal control of heavy vehicles with air brake actuation delays (1997)

We present adaptive nonlinear longitudinal controllers designed for automated commercial heavy vehicles (CHVs), which take into account the large actuator delays inherent in the air braking system. After a description of the dynamics of air brakes and delay sources, we present a new controller designed using the backstepping technique. We conclude with a simulation results which illustrate the effectiveness of our controller.
Model Identification for Spinning Reserve Management (2006)

This paper presents a model which facilitates the allocation of spinning reserve in a power network which includes a large HVDC infeed. The basic area control model of the power system is developed and subsequently fine-tuned using a non-linear optimization procedure. The model is then used to evaluate the frequency control performance in the face of a known load forecast considering NERC performance standards
HPLC ANALYSIS OF 4′,5′‐MONOADDUCT FORMATION IN CALF THYMUS DNA and SYNTHETIC POLYNUCLEOTIDES TREATED WITH UVA and 8‐METHOXYPSORALEN (1985)

Abstract— 8‐methoxypsoralen monoadduct formation in calf thymus DNA irradiated with subbands of ultraviolet A light has been quantitated by HPLC analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysates of the DNA. Normalization of the yield of monoadducts for the variation in source output and the absorptivity of 8‐MOP at each of the irradiating wavelengths showed that the 4′,5′‐furan monoadduct was the principal photoproduct and the efficiency of its formation was independent of irradiating wavelength. Synthetic polynucleotides irradiated with ultraviolet A light demonstrated a base composition and sequence dependence for 8‐MOP photoreactivity: (poly(dAdT.dAdT) &gt; poly(dA.dT) &gt; poly(dGdC.dGdC) in both the B and Z forms &gt; pofy(dT).
Protocol Stack Options in Heterogeneous Aeronautical Networks (2008)

In the future the amount of air traffic as well as the total data traffic volume of aeronautical communication will significantly increase. A single terrestrial technology alone will likely not be able to manage this challenge but satellite communication systems will serve as complement to direct air to ground data links. The future air traffic management (ATM) will thus consist of highly heterogeneous networks consisting of diverse technologies. It is highly important to design the network protocol stack in a way that allows interoperability of all involved networks while being transparent to the end users and providing the required levels of QoS performance, especially in the presence of transport layer protocols like TCP. This paper presents three different protocol stack alternatives dealing with the mentioned issues, investigates their advantages and disadvantages and proposes a protocol stack fitting the needs of ATM communications.
Abstract 235: Molecular Signature Of Cardiomyogenic c-kit-positive Bone Marrow Cells (2014)

Conflicting results have been reported concerning the ability of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells (c-kit-BMCs) to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo. We have raised the possibility that c-kit-BMCs may constitute a functionally heterogeneous pool, containing cells with different cardiomyogenic potential. To test this hypothesis, clonal analysis of individual c-kit-BMCs was introduced to track in vivo the progeny derived from a single founder cell. By employing viral gene-tagging, only a limited fraction of clonal c-kit-BMC was found to be able to generate cardiomyocytes in the acutely infarcted heart. On this basis, c-kit-BMC-derived clones were classified as myogenic or non-myogenic. The gene profile of these two categories of cells was studied by RNA-sequencing to determine whether myogenic c-kit-BMCs had a distinct molecular signature. Genes that showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) expression difference of at least 2-fold among cell groups were included in the analysis; 1243 genes were upregulated and 493 genes were downregulated in myogenic c-kit-BMCs when compared with non-myogenic c-kit-BMCs. An additional comparison involved freshly isolated c-kit-BMCs. 2512 genes were upregulated in myogenic c-kit-BMCs and 1844 genes were downregulated in this cell group. These results were subjected to functional annotation using gene ontology for the identification of molecular pathways showing different state of activation or repression in myogenic BMCs. The affected transcripts in myogenic c-kit-BMCs involved mostly signal transduction and muscle development including cardiac muscle. Similarly, a set of genes implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis were more represented in myogenic c-kit-BMCs, possibly reflecting the proficiency of this cell class to form vessels in the microenvironment of the infarcted heart. Our findings document that myogenic clonal c-kit-BMCs have a distinct molecular signature that differs from that of non-moygenic and non-expanded c-kit-BMCs. On this basis, c-kit-BMCs with high cardiomyogenic ability can be prospectively isolated and employed clinically for the treatment of patients with cardiac diseases.
YcfR (BhsA) InfluencesEscherichia coliBiofilm Formation through Stress Response and Surface Hydrophobicity (2007)

DNA microarrays revealed that expression of ycfR, which encodes a putative outer membrane protein, is significantly induced in Escherichia coli biofilms and is also induced by several stress conditions. We show that deletion of ycfR increased biofilm formation fivefold in the presence of glucose; the glucose effect was corroborated by showing binding of the cyclic AMP receptor protein to the ycfR promoter. It appears that YcfR is a multiple stress resistance protein, since deleting ycfR also rendered the cell more sensitive to acid, heat treatment, hydrogen peroxide, and cadmium. Increased biofilm formation through YcfR due to stress appears to be the result of decreasing indole synthesis, since a mutation in the tnaA gene encoding tryptophanase prevented enhanced biofilm formation upon stress and adding indole prevented enhanced biofilm formation upon stress. Deleting ycfR also affected outer membrane proteins and converted the cell from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, as well as increased cell aggregation fourfold. YcfR seems to be involved in the regulation of E. coli K-12 biofilm formation by decreasing cell aggregation and cell surface adhesion, by influencing the concentration of signal molecules, and by interfering with stress responses. Based on our findings, we propose that this locus be named bhsA, for influencing biofilm through hydrophobicity and stress response.
Parametrization of the regular equivalences of the canonical controller (2007)

We study control problems for linear systems in the behavioral framework. Our focus is a class of regular controllers that are equivalent to the canonical controller. The canonical controller is a particular controller that is guaranteed to be a solution whenever a solution exists. However, it has been shown that in most cases, the canonical controller is not regular. The main result of the paper is a parametrization of all regular controllers that are equivalent to the canonical controller. The parametrization is then used to solve two control problems. The first problem is related to designing a regular controller that uses as few control channels as possible. The second problem is to design a regular controller that satisfies a predefined input-output partitioning constraint. In both problems, based on the parametrization, we present algorithms that does the controller design.
Neurosurgical implications of Carney complex (2000)

Because of the surgical comorbidity associated with cardiac myxoma and/or Cushing's syndrome, recognition of Carney complex has important implications for perisurgical patient management and family screening. Study of the genetics of Carney complex and of the biological abnormalities associated with the tumors may provide insight into the general pathobiological abnormalities associated with the tumors may provide insight into the general pathobiological features of pituitary adenomas and NSTs.
An Optimized Quality Control Procedure for Hematology Analyzers with the Use of Retained Patient Specimens (1988)

The authors propose guidelines for the use of retained patient specimens for the quality control of multichannel hematology analyzers. They demonstrate that control limits for patient specimen replicates may be derived from the long-term standard deviations (s) of commercial whole blood controls. They then use computer stimulation of the Coulter multichannel hematology instrument to determine power functions of various procedures using retained specimens. These power functions show that the use of three patient specimens and +/- 2 s limits are optimal for the detection of systematic error. They recommend that three different, previously analyzed normal range specimens be periodically analyzed, e.g., at eight-hour intervals. The differences between the current and original measurements should then be calculated and compared with their +/- 2 s limits. If at least two of the three differences for any directly measured parameter exceed the +/- 2 s limits, there will be a high probability of significant analytic error. Because the power functions of the derived red blood cell parameters, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration demonstrate relatively low error detection capabilities, the authors recommend that these parameters not be monitored with the retained patient specimen procedure.
Mismatched earrings : The immune system in motion (2022)

Mismatched EarringsThe immune system in motion Dear Rector, thank you for the introduction.Thank you to all those present here, and for those watching online, reading, or watching at a later date.In the next 30-40 minutes, we'll go on a journey together, to connect Elves, Batman, science fiction, and scientific fact; in the context of immunology.I'll tell you a little about my work on studying immune cells in motion.It goes without saying that when I say "my work", this is work done together with colleagues, students, and collaborators.The past years have been extremely unique, in recent history.The last couple of years have brought immunology to the fore.The global pandemic has made everyone an ''armchair immunologist''.Never has there been so much attention on this field.We have all been fed so much information about vaccines and the workings of the immune system-some true and some not.From an academic perspective, the pandemic has highlighted how astounding our immune system is, and how little we truly know about it: For example, why do some vaccines work better than others?Why do some people get severe COVID or long COVID, while others have no symptoms at all?
SAuth (2013)

Password-based authentication is the dominant form of access control in web services. Unfortunately, it proves to be more and more inadequate every year. Even if users choose long and complex passwords, vulnerabilities in the way they are managed by a service may leak them to an attacker. Recent incidents in popular services such as LinkedIn and Twitter demonstrate the impact that such an event could have. The use of one-way hash functions to mitigate the problem is countered by the evolution of hardware which enables powerful password-cracking platforms.
Mobility management in next generation mobile networks (2013)

In this demo we propose a novel architecture suitable for deployment in future mobile networks based on the distributed mobility management (DMM) paradigm. In DMM, the IP anchoring point gets closer to users, with the aim to flatten the architecture and to truly enable the fixed/mobile convergence. DMM allows operators to tackle the explosion of data traffic without burdening the core part of the network, offering a common IP framework for mobility and heterogeneous access. As a use case scenario, this demo has shown a possible deployment for a content delivery network's nodes, in order to exploit the DMM benefits.