gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using a New, Autonomous, and Easy to Install Strain Sensor for Monitoring of Dynamic Loads on a Subsea BOP in Order to Reduce Conservatism and Increase Service Life of Subsea Equipment. (2020)

Abstract In recent years, monitoring of the subsea BOP in order to keep track of movements, loads, and fatigue accumulation on subsea wellheads has been performed. On the Norwegian Continental Shelf, more than 50% of the semisubmersible drilling rigs have equipment for measuring the motion and load on the subsea BOP. A typical setup is to have motion sensors installed and calculate the loads on the lower part of the BOP and the subsea structure from indirect methods where knowledge of system parameters such as tension, weights and drag coefficients is used to establish the loads. Direct measurement of the load using strain gauges or LVDT's has proven challenging due to time consuming installation, fragile measurement equipment, and difficulties finding suitable areas to mount the sensors. The objective of this paper is to present a novel sensor technology that allows for accurate measurement of strains in a wide measuring range. In contrast to existing measuring equipment this new sensor technology enables a compact, robust, and easy to install strain sensor. The new sensor is small enough to be mounted behind the bolts/ nuts on an 18 ¾″ BOP flange neck. The sensors can be used to increase the accuracy and reduce unnecessary conservatism in the measured wellhead loads. This can again reduce the need for expensive load reducing measures or disconnects. This paper will present the core principles of the new strain sensor. Laboratory tests showing the performance and accuracy of the sensor will be shown, and the benefits of this sensor versus existing technologies will be demonstrated. The introduction of this new sensor enables direct measurement of the loading on the subsea wellhead system. The new measuring process will be presented and compared with the traditional indirect measurement process. This comparison will illustrate where in the measuring process increased accuracy and reduced conservatism can be achieved, and then quantifying the improvements. Further, the paper will present results from use of the sensor in actual measurement campaigns from drilling operations in harsh environment on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The paper will present the findings from the first measuring campaigns using this new sensor technology. The measured results will be compared with the traditional indirect measurement method and the improvement, in terms of reduced conservatism and increased accuracy, will be shown. Then finally, the consequence in terms of reduction on measured extreme and fatigue load, will be presented. This paper will show how new sensor technology can be used to obtain more accurate and less conservative measurements of the loading on a subsea wellhead system in order to reduce the need for expensive load reducing measures.
Vacuum-ultraviolet absorption of hydrogenated and deuterated silanol groups and interstitial water molecules in amorphousSiO2 (2005)

Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) absorption cross sections of hydrogenated and deuterated silanol groups (SiOX, where $\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{H}$ or D) as well as interstitial water molecules $({\mathrm{X}}_{2}\mathrm{O})$ in amorphous $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ $(a\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2})$ were determined between photon energies of 7 and $8.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The absorption bands for the deuterated species are blueshifted compared to those for the hydrogenated ones by $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ as a result of a decrease in the zero-point energy associated with the OX groups. The VUV absorption of interstitial ${\mathrm{X}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ below $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ is blueshifted with respect to that of ${\mathrm{X}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ trapped in rare-gas solids due to the contribution of hydrogen bonding, and is $\ensuremath{\sim}1$ to 2 orders of magnitude stronger than that of SiOX groups.
Roles of Surface Te, Nb, and Sb Oxides in Propane Oxidation to Acrylic Acid over Bulk Orthorhombic Mo−V−O Phase (2005)

The outermost surfaces and subsurface layers of the orthorhombic (M1) Mo-V-O catalysts promoted with Te, Nb, and Sb oxide species at submonolayer surface coverage were examined by low-energy ion scattering (LEIS). This study indicated that the Nb oxide species was preferentially located at the topmost surface, while the subsurface Te and Sb concentrations declined gradually into the bulk. Although the original Mo-V-O catalyst was essentially unselective in propane oxidation to acrylic acid, significant improvement in the selectivity to acrylic acid was observed when Te, Nb, and Sb oxides were present as the surface species at submonolayer coverage. These findings further suggested that the formation of the surface V-O-M bonds (M = Nb, Te, or Sb) was highly beneficial for both the activity and selectivity of the orthorhombic Mo-V-O catalysts in propane oxidation to acrylic acid. The highest selectivity was observed when both Nb and Te (or Sb) oxide species were present at the surface. The selectivity trends established for the surface-promoted Mo-V-O catalyst parallel those found previously for the corresponding bulk Mo-V-M-O catalysts. These results further indicated that the introduction of surface metal oxide species is a highly promising method to prepare well-defined model catalysts for studies of the structure-activity/selectivity relationships as well as optimize the catalytic performance of the bulk mixed Mo-V-M-O catalysts for selective (amm)oxidation of propane.
Simulation of Tunneling Contact Resistivity in Non-polar AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures (2009)

We have evaluated the tunneling contact resistivity based on numerical calculation of tunneling current density across an AlGaN barrier layer in non-polar AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. In order to reduce the tunneling contact resistivity, we have introduced an n+-AlXGa1-XN layer between an n+-GaN cap layer and an i-AlGaN barrier layer. The tunneling contact resistivity has been optimized by varying Al composition and donor concentration in n+-AlXGa1-XN. Simulation results show that the tunneling contact resistivity can be improved by as large as 4 orders of magnitude, compared to the standard AlGaN/GaN heterostructure.
ChemInform Abstract: Venturing into Catalysis Based Natural Product Synthesis (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production, Trade, Prices, Exchange Rates and Equilibration in Large Experimental Economies (2005)

We study market equilibration in laboratory economies that are larger and more complex than any that have been studied experimentally to date. Complexity is derived from the fact that the economies are international in economic structure with multiple input, output, and foreign exchange markets in operation. The economies have twenty-one markets and due to the fact that they have roughly �fifty agents, the economies are characterized by several hundred equations. In spite of the complexity and interdependence of the economy, the results demonstrate the substantial power of the general equilibrium model of perfect competition to predict the direction of movement of market-level variables. Empirical patterns in the convergence process are explored and described.
Ideal Abstractions for Decision-Focused Learning (2023)

We present a methodology for formulating simplifying abstractions in machine learning systems by identifying and harnessing the utility structure of decisions. Machine learning tasks commonly involve high-dimensional output spaces (e.g., predictions for every pixel in an image or node in a graph), even though a coarser output would often suffice for downstream decision-making (e.g., regions of an image instead of pixels). Developers often hand-engineer abstractions of the output space, but numerous abstractions are possible and it is unclear how the choice of output space for a model impacts its usefulness in downstream decision-making. We propose a method that configures the output space automatically in order to minimize the loss of decision-relevant information. Taking a geometric perspective, we formulate a step of the algorithm as a projection of the probability simplex, termed fold, that minimizes the total loss of decision-related information in the H-entropy sense. Crucially, learning in the abstracted outcome space requires less data, leading to a net improvement in decision quality. We demonstrate the method in two domains: data acquisition for deep neural network training and a closed-loop wildfire management task.
Effects of the Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist Blarcamesine in a Murine Model of Fragile X Syndrome: Neurobehavioral Phenotypes and Receptor Occupancy (2021)

Abstract Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a disorder of synaptic development and function, is the most prevalent genetic form of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. FXS mouse models display clinically-relevant phenotypes, such as increased anxiety and hyperactivity. Despite their availability, so far advances in drug development have not yielded new treatments. Therefore, testing novel drugs that can ameliorate FXS’ cognitive and behavioral impairments is imperative. ANAVEX2-73 (blarcamesine) is a sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist with a strong safety record and preliminary efficacy evidence in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Rett syndrome, other synaptic neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. S1R’s role in calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function, cellular functions related to synaptic function, makes blarcamesine a potential drug candidate for FXS. Administration of blarcamesine in 2-month-old FXS and wild type mice for two weeks led to normalization in two key neurobehavioral phenotypes: open field test (hyperactivity) and contextual fear conditioning (associative learning). Furthermore, there was improvement in marble-burying (anxiety, perseverative behavior). It also restored pAkt and BDNF levels, two major signaling markers, in the hippocampus. Positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo autoradiographic studies, using the highly selective S1R PET ligand [18F]FTC-146, demonstrated the drug’s dose-dependent receptor occupancy. Subsequent analyses also showed a wide but variable brain regional distribution of S1Rs, which was preserved in FXS mice. Altogether, these neurobehavioral, biochemical, and imaging data demonstrate that the same doses that yield measurable receptor occupancy are effective for improving the synaptic and behavioral phenotype in FXS mice. The present findings support the viability of S1R as a therapeutic target in FXS, and the clinical potential of blarcamesine in FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Evolutionary dynamics of collaborative environments with heterogeneous agents (2009)

The seminal work of Maynard Prince and Price in 1973 laid the foundations in establishing the concept of evolutionary game stable strategies. It attempts to select strategies which are robust to evolutionary selection pressures. We observe that most of the literature as evolved is concentrated on single objective games. In this work we extend the notion of evolutionary stability to games with vector payoff functions. We illustrate that this notion of Multicriteria evolutionary stability, models a much larger class of interactions in social, economic and biological problems. Particular applications of interest are in autonomic wireless sensor networks and autonomic networked control systems. We present a multi-population replicator dynamics, which models the evolution of agent actions in a network with varying levels of selfishness. We observe that this model clearly demarks the regions of cooperation among these selfish agents. We provide analytical results on the dynamic stability of the replication. This clearly characterizes the aforementioned demarcations.
ChemInform Abstract: Specific Binding of Antibodies to DNA Through Combinatorial Antibody Libraries. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Utility-based power control for peer-to-peer cognitive radio networks with heterogeneous QoS constraints (2008)

Transmit-power control is a critical task in cognitive radio (CR) networks. In the present contribution, adherence to hierarchies between primary and secondary users in a peer-to-peer CR network is enabled through distributed power control. Hierarchies are effected by imposing minimum and maximum bounds on a quality-of-service (QoS) metric, such as communication rate. These bounds translate to signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints. Furthermore, a utility function captures each user's satisfaction with the received SINR. The novel power control strategy maximizes the total utility while respecting individual SINR constraints - a task recast as a convex optimization problem under a suitable relaxation. Sufficient conditions, realistic for practical CR networks, are provided to obtain the optimal power allocation from the solution of the relaxed problem. Finally, a low-overhead distributed algorithm for optimal power control is developed, and tested against competing alternatives via simulations.
Performance of WC–C peritectic and Ru–C eutectic fixed points (2019)

Abstract Two types of high-temperature fixed points (HTFPs) were evaluated by VNIIOFI, NIM, KRISS and NMIJ. WC–C peritectic point cells manufactured independently in different National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) were compared for the first time, and agreement of the melting temperatures for three high-quality cells at the level of 0.05 °C was demonstrated. This confirms, in conjunction with previous results that verified their long-term stability, high repeatability and reproducibility, the high potential of the WC–C cell as the highest-temperature reference point for radiation thermometry. The performance of the Ru–C eutectic fixed point was verified by evaluating Ru–C cells manufactured from 99.999% purity Ru materials from different manufacturers. These cells used considerably purer materials than those used in previous studies. New Ru–C cells were constructed from the best performing materials, and the t 90 values of these cells were measured at the four NMIs on their locally-realized ITS-90 scale. The values agreed within 0.25 °C among the four NMIs, and the t 90 value of Ru–C was determined to be 1953.64 °C with an expanded uncertainty of 0.20 °C. Both results confirmed that performance of WC–C and of Ru–C is comparable to or exceeds that of the HTFPs evaluated in the Consultative Committee for Thermometry’s HTFP project, and both fixed points have capability as a reference fixed points to be included in the future MeP -K in terms of thermodynamic temperature T .
Synthesis of novel acyclonucleosides containing pyridazine (2000)

Abstract This paper presents the synthesis of some novel acyclonucleosides involving pyrrolo[2,3‐ c ]pyridazine and 4‐hydroxybutyl side chain.
Design of computer experiments for open-loop control and robustness analysis of clutch-to-clutch shifts in automatic transmissions (1997)

The design of computer experiments is used to design an open-loop control for a clutch-to-clutch shift automatic transmission and to study the robustness of that control. The open-loop control design problem can be posed as an optimal control problem but because of the computational cost associated with each simulation and the complexity of the transmission model, classical results from optimal control theory are not a practically feasible approach for this problem. Likewise, due to the nonlinear, finite-time nature of this problem, existing approaches to robust analysis are not applicable. We apply the methods of design of experiments, surrogate modeling, and randomized algorithms for optimization to these problems and present some promising results.
2-stack 1D-1R Cross-point Structure with Oxide Diodes as Switch Elements for High Density Resistance RAM Applications (2007)

We have successfully integrated a 2-stack 8×8 array 1D-1R(one diode-one resistor) structure with 0.5um×0.5um cells in order to demonstrate the feasibility of high density stacked RRAM. p-CuO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</inf> /n-InZnO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</inf> heterojunction thin film was used for the first time as a oxide diode which shows increased current density of two orders over our previous p-NiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> /n-TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> oxide diode. And Ti-doped NiO was used for the storage node. No limitation to the number of stacks has been observed from our results. Cell and device properties of our cross-point structure 8×8 array are reported. In addition, all fabrication processes were done at room temperature without other dedicated facilities or processes allowing for compatibility with current CMOS technology. Bi-stable switching for 1D-1R memory was demonstrated for our 2-stack cross-point structures showing excellent behavior for both diode and storage nodes. The forward current density for p-CuO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</inf> /n-IZO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</inf> diodes was over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the operation voltage for the storage node with diode attached was around 3V.
Controlled growth and form of precipitating microsculptures (2017)

Controlled self-assembly of three-dimensional shapes holds great potential for fabrication of functional materials. Their practical realization requires a theoretical framework to quantify and guide the dynamic sculpting of the curved structures that often arise in accretive mineralization. Motivated by a variety of bioinspired coprecipitation patterns of carbonate and silica, we develop a geometrical theory for the kinetics of the growth front that leaves behind thin-walled complex structures. Our theory explains the range of previously observed experimental patterns and, in addition, predicts unexplored assembly pathways. This allows us to design a number of functional base shapes of optical microstructures, which we synthesize to demonstrate their light-guiding capabilities. Overall, our framework provides a way to understand and control the growth and form of functional precipitating microsculptures.
A murine genomic DNA fragment amplifies ouabain-induced Na,K-ATPase alpha/beta-subunit mRNA up-regulation and confers ouabain resistance. (1993)

Transfection of primate cells with a 6.4-kilobase murine genomic DNA fragment (called ouabain resistance gene or MOR6.5) has been shown previously to confer ouabain resistance (Levenson, R., Racaniello, V., Albritton, L., and Housman, D. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1489-1493). The mechanism by which this sequence can transfer ouabain resistance remains unclear. In order to further investigate this mechanism, we determined the full-length nucleotide sequence of MOR6.5. Other than mouse repetitive domains, this DNA does not have significant homology with any coding sequence in GenBank. Although potential open reading frames and polyadenylation signals were found, we were unable to detect an MOR6.5 transcript in CV-1 or COS-1 cells transfected with this DNA, either at early or late times following transfection. We show that in early passages of MOR6.5 transfectants which were under ouabain-selective pressure and still contained MOR6.5 DNA sequence, mRNAs for both alpha 1- and beta 1-subunits of the Na,K-ATPase were amplified approximately 10-fold, compared to parental CV-1 cells. These results suggest that MOR6.5 may rescue the cells from ouabain toxicity by inducing transient up-regulation of the messages for the Na,K-ATPase. This might prolong cell survival on ouabain until mutations in the alpha 1-subunit occur, which permanently reduce ouabain inhibition of the pump (Cantley, L. G., Zhou, X.-M., Cunha, M., Epstein, J., and Cantley, L. C. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17271-17278). Possible mechanisms for the up-regulation of transcription based on sequence similarities found between MOR6.5 and the 5'-flanking regions of alpha 1- and beta 1-subunit genes are discussed.
Immune evasion mediated by PD-L1 on glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (2018)

Binding of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) leads to cancer immune evasion via inhibition of T cell function. One of the defining characteristics of glioblastoma, a universally fatal brain cancer, is its profound local and systemic immunosuppression. Glioblastoma has also been shown to generate extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may play an important role in tumor progression. We thus hypothesized that glioblastoma EVs may be important mediators of immunosuppression and that PD-L1 could play a role. We show that glioblastoma EVs block T cell activation and proliferation in response to T cell receptor stimulation. PD-L1 was expressed on the surface of some, but not of all, glioblastoma-derived EVs, with the potential to directly bind to PD1. An anti-PD1 receptor blocking antibody significantly reversed the EV-mediated blockade of T cell activation but only when PD-L1 was present on EVs. When glioblastoma PD-L1 was up-regulated by IFN-γ, EVs also showed some PD-L1-dependent inhibition of T cell activation. PD-L1 expression correlated with the mesenchymal transcriptome profile and was anatomically localized in the perinecrotic and pseudopalisading niche of human glioblastoma specimens. PD-L1 DNA was present in circulating EVs from glioblastoma patients where it correlated with tumor volumes of up to 60 cm<sup>3</sup>. These results suggest that PD-L1 on EVs may be another mechanism for glioblastoma to suppress antitumor immunity and support the potential of EVs as biomarkers in tumor patients.
3D/2D model-to-image registration by imitation learning for cardiac procedures (2018)

Besides the proposed methods feasibility in a clinical environment, evaluation has shown good accuracy and high robustness indicating that it could be applied in image-guided interventions.
Simultaneous radar and communication emissions from a common aperture, Part II: Experimentation (2017)

In the companion paper the Far-Field Radiated Emission Design (FFRED) formulation was theoretically derived for the application of simultaneous generation of multi-function radar and communication emissions in the same spectrum from the same antenna array via a physically realizable MIMO transmit arrangement. Here the practical consequences of such a transmission scheme are considered by way of experimental measurements. The multi-function waveforms were implemented on an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) software-defined radar testbed comprised of four independent transmit channels. Experimental results from a compact range include beampattern measurements, radar waveform validation, and bit error rate analysis of the communication beam.