gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underlying Disease Stress Augments Plasma and Tissue Adrenomedullin (AM) Responses to Endotoxin: Colocalized Increases in AM and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase within Pancreatic Islets1 (1999)

Rapid onset metabolic impairments accompany the initiation of the acute phase response to many disease stresses, whereas more chronic metabolic perturbations may prolong the recovery period. In the present experiment the application of a mild endotoxin challenge [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] alone or additive to a chronic subclinical parasitic infection (Sarcocystis cruzi; LPS + PI) in calves was used as a model to investigate and define a dynamic axis coordinated between adrenomedullin (AM) and nitric oxide in response to immune challenge. Plasma AM and NO2/NO3 concentration responses after LPS (0.45 microg/kg, iv) were rapid in onset and of higher magnitude and longer duration in PI + LPS calves than in those challenged with LPS alone. The post-LPS increase in plasma insulin was significantly greater in PI + LPS than in LPS; following refeeding of calves, insulin secretion was most blunted in PI + LPS calves, consistent with the inhibitory effects of NO and AM on insulin secretion. A more chronic response to the immune challenge (organ specific) was in evidence in tissues harvested 24 h after LPS challenge. Where lung and liver showed no immunostaining for inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), iNOS immunostaining was present in the pancreas, localized to islets only. The percentages of iNOS-immunopositive cells in islets were 1.7%, 21%, 6.7%, and 24% for control (C; saline infused), PI, LPS, and PI + LPS calves, respectively. AM immunostaining was not evident in the liver and was present, but not differentially affected by treatment, in airway epithelium in the lung. The number of islet cells with positive immunostaining for AM was increased in LPS, PI, and PI + LPS calves. The percentages ofAM-immunopositive cells in islets were 8%, 27%, 20%, and 33% for C, PI, LPS, and PI + LPS, respectively. Immunostaining for AM and iNOS was colocalized with cells positive for pancreatic polypeptide. By triple label confocal fluorescence immunocytochemistry, colocalization of intense AM and iNOS immunostaining was confirmed in peripheral islet cells. A weaker, more diffuse iNOS signal was also apparent in insulin-containing cells in PI + LPS. We conclude that chronic low level infection potentiates the severity of metabolic perturbations that arise with additive sudden onset immune challenge, as can occur with bacterial toxins. These metabolic disturbances are reflected in and possibly mediated by early onset increases in plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, insulin, and AM and up-regulated iNOS activity. These acute complications rapidly progress into a more chronic state characterized by diminished insulin response to feeding stimulus and colocalized increases in pancreatic islet AM and iNOS. The pancreatic responses in AM and iNOS may play a major role in mediating prolonged disturbances in nutrient use by tissues through their influences on temporal patterns of pancreatic hormone secretion during chronic illness.
Achieving Time Domain Transmission Sensing with Fully Passive UHF RFID Tags (2018)

International audience
Applications That Participate in Their Own Defense (APOD) (2003)

Abstract : The goal of the APOD project was to give software applications an increased resistance against malicious attack even when they run in an environment that is not completely secured. We call any such application enabled. Note that defense enabling is less ambitious than building a secure system: rather than protect the entire system, defense enabling concentrates on the survival and integrity of essential applications, possibly sacrificing other parts of the system to the attacker. Defense enabling also gives priority to some security properties over others: we are much more concerned with defending the integrity of an application's data than its confidentiality. Defense enabling is representation of a relatively recent trend in computer security, often called survivability or 3rd generation security. Several factors distinguish the APOD approach to survivability from others. First, dynamic adaption is a key theme of our approach. Intrusions cause changes in the system, and a survivable system much cope with these changes. As a consequence, defense enabled applications must be very agile and will make use of the flexibility possible in today's dynamic, networked environments. Second, a defense enabled application has a defense strategy that is typically application an mission specific. Such strategies complement and go beyond traditional approaches to security in which protection mechanisms are typically not aware of the applications they aim to protect. Third, defense enabling builds the defense in middleware, intermediate between the application and the networks and operating systems on which the application runs. Defense strategies implemented in middleware can be reused relatively easily in the context of other applications because they are only loosely coupled to the application.
Role of a Novel Excipient Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-histidine) in Retention of Physical Stability of Insulin at Aqueous/Organic Interface (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-histidine) diblock copolymer (PEG-polyHis), can stabilize insulin, at the aqueous/methylene chloride interface formed during the microencapsulation process. Insulin aggregation at this interface was monitored spectrophotometrically at 276 nm. The effects of protein concentration, pH of the aqueous medium, and the presence of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in methylene chloride (MC) on insulin aggregation were observed. For the 2.0 mg/mL insulin solutions in phosphate buffer (PB), the effect of addition of Pluronic F-127 as a positive control and addition of PEG-polyHis as a novel excipient in PB was also evaluated at various insulin/polymeric excipient weight ratios. The conformation of insulin protected by PEG-polyHis and recovered after interfacial exposure was evaluated via circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Greater loss in soluble insulin was observed with increasing insulin concentrations. pH 6.0 was selected for optimal ionic interactions between insulin and PEG-polyHis based on zeta potential and particle size studies. pH 4.5 and 7.4 (no ionic complexation between insulin and PEG-polyHis) were selected as controls to compare the stabilization effect of PEG-polyHis with that at pH 6.0. Incubation of PEG-polyHis with insulin at pH 6.0 drastically reduced protein aggregation, even in the presence of PLGA. PEG-polyHis and F-127 reduced insulin aggregation in noncomplexing pH conditions pointing to the role played by PEG in modulation of insulin adsorption at the interface. Far-UV (205-250 nm) CD study revealed negligible qualitative effects on soluble insulin's secondary structure after interfacial exposure. RP-HPLC and size-exclusion HPLC showed no deamidation of insulin or formation of soluble high molecular weight transformation products respectively. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry confirmed the results from chromatographic procedures. Radioimmunoassay carried out on select samples showed that recovered soluble insulin had retained its immunoreactivity. An experimental method to simulate interfacial denaturation of proteins was designed for assessment of protein stability at the interface and screening for novel protein stabilizers. Understanding and manipulation of such polyelectrolyte-insulin complexation will likely play a role in insulin controlled delivery via microsphere formulation(s).
Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin in Ionic Liquids (2010)

Beech lignin was oxidatively cleaved in ionic liquids to give phenols, unsaturated propylaromatics, and aromatic aldehydes. A multiparallel batch reactor system was used to screen different ionic liquids and metal catalysts. Mn(NO(3))(2) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [EMIM][CF(3)SO(3)] proved to be the most effective reaction system. A larger scale batch reaction with this system in a 300 mL autoclave (11 g lignin starting material) resulted in a maximum conversion of 66.3 % (24 h at 100 degrees C, 84x10(5) Pa air). By adjusting the reaction conditions and catalyst loading, the selectivity of the process could be shifted from syringaldehyde as the predominant product to 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ). Surprisingly, the latter could be isolated as a pure substance in 11.5 wt % overall yield by a simple extraction/crystallization process.
Differential Susceptibility of German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Sexes and Nymphal Age Classes to Insecticides (1993)

Journal Article Differential Susceptibility of German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Sexes and Nymphal Age Classes to Insecticides Get access Philip G. Koehler, Philip G. Koehler Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles A. Strong, Charles A. Strong Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard S. Patterson, Richard S. Patterson Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven M. Valles Steven M. Valles Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 86, Issue 3, 1 June 1993, Pages 785–792, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/86.3.785 Published: 01 June 1993 Article history Received: 17 August 1992 Accepted: 11 January 1993 Published: 01 June 1993
SPARKLE Work Package 1: Specification of Phrasal Parsing. Final Report (1997)

This deliverable provides details of the corpus annotation scheme, associates evaluation scheme and the development of annotated test corpora for the various parsers.
An Energy-Efficient PUF Design (2016)

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) take advantage of the effect of process variation on hardware to obtain their unclonability. Traditional PUF design only focuses on the analog signals of circuits. An arbiter PUF, for example, generates responses by racing delay signals. Implementations of such PUFs usually employ large area and power consumption while providing very low throughput.
[Heterozygous mutation in KCNQ1 cause Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]. (2005)

The result suggested that not only homozygous mutations or compound heterozygous mutations in KCNQ1 could cause Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome, the single heterozygous mutation may also cause Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome.
Entropy-driven surface segregation in block copolymer melts (1993)

Surface segregation in thin films of symmetric polyolefin diblock copolymers containing a lamellar microstructure, cast on a variety of substrates, has been investigated. In all cases, the conformationally smaller block preferentially segregated to both the solid and air interfaces even though the surface energy of the solid substrate always exceeded that of the block copolymer. These results indicate an entropically driven surface segregation effect that we attribute to block conformational asymmetry.
Propagation of sonic booms in the thermosphere (1978)

A nonlinear theory for the long-range propagation of sonic booms through the thermosphere has been developed. A realistic atmosphere is employed, and consideration is given to such factors as nonlinear stretching and decay of the wave, the effects of the caustic, the winds, the linear acoustic attenuation, and the increase in Mach number due to the decreasing density at high altitudes. Detailed results are presented for the case of the Concorde SST in straight, level, and steady flight at 17.5 km and a velocity of Mach 2. We predict maximum ground level pressures of 0.3 Pa with an N-wave “period” of about 10 s. The sound level is a minimum along the flight track with the maximum signal strength occurring about 300 km off the flight track. The strongest received signal travels initially downward and reflects off the surface of the ocean to thermosphere. The wave turns around at an altitude of 160 km and is returned back to the ground at a horizontal distance of 320 km from the launch point. The acoustic Mach number of the wave never exceeds 0.2. Ninety percent of the wave's energy is attenuated below 100 km, with 99% attenuated by the time the wave reaches the turning point.
Automatic detection and clustering of the breast microcalcifications in three dimensions (1992)

A method for the automatic detection and the three dimensional localization of clustered microcalcifications is described. It is based on the analysis of two mammograms: one is the craniocaudal view and the other is the mediolateral view. Both mammograms are digitized with 400 dpi, their resolution allows us to have 16 pixels per millimeter, and to detect small microcalcifications (125 micrometer). The basic detection algorithm allows the correct detection of microcalcifications (MC) in the range of 90 % and even more for 2D clusters. The clusters (CL) detected on each mammogram are matched and their position is given in 3D by using a continuous deformation model of the breast tissues during their compression in the mammographic system. Clusters containing 3 or more microcalcifications can be isolated and positionned in the breast tissues. Their precise localization based on the deformation model can be used to guide the needle for biopsies.
Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Building Block for the Formation of Carboxylic Acids by Formal Catalytic Hydrocarboxylation (2013)

Doppelrolle für Rhodium: Für die direkte Synthese von Carbonsäuren aus nicht-aktivierten Olefinen oder Alkoholen, CO2 und H2 wurde ein effektives katalytisches System gefunden. Detaillierte Analysen und Markierungsstudien ergaben, dass der Gesamtprozess der Hydrocarboxylierung einfacher Olefine aus einer Kombination der umgekehrten Wassergasreaktion (rWGS) mit einem Hydroxycarbonylierungsschritt resultiert, die beide jeweils durch einen Rh-Katalysator vermittelt werden. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detection of water-ice transition using a lead zirconate titanate/brass transducer (2002)

We have examined experimentally and theoretically the resonance frequency of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)/brass unimorph disk transducer with a water (ice) layer on the brass surface. We showed that the flexural resonance frequency decreased with the presence of a water layer and the decrease in resonance frequency increased with an increasing water amount. Upon lowering the temperature, the freezing transition of the deposited water layer was detected when the resonance frequency of the transducer increased abruptly at the freezing temperature. In contrast to water, an ice layer increased the resonance frequency and the increase in the resonance frequency increased with the ice layer thickness. Theoretically, an analytic expression for the flexural resonance frequency of a unimorph transducer in the presence of an ice (water) layer on the brass surface was obtained in terms of the Young’s moduli, densities, and thickness of the PZT, brass, and ice (water) layers. The theoretical predictions were shown to agree with the experimental results.
3132 Contact with an Unknown Inclined Plane with Sliding Mode Control and Angle Detection using Vision (2007)

In recent years, intelligent robots that work automatically have become required. Conventional robots have been used in specific environments, but these new robots are going to be used in universal environments that are not constant. For that reason, it is necessary for a robot to be able to recognize diverse outside environments. In this study, we attach two visual sensors, which are CCD cameras, and one force sensor to a robot to provide information on the outside environment. To contact an unknown inclined plane perpendicularly, it is necessary to detect the position and the angle of the plane. In general, the three-dimensional position of a target is obtained by stereo analysis, but there is no technique to detect an unknown inclined plane. So we propose a new method of angle detection using vision. Also, because it is necessary to have flexible contact, it is essential to use a universal force controller. For this force controller we use an impedance controller together with a sliding mode controller that has outstanding robustness. A contact task was carried out using the proposed control system, and the practicability of this method was verified..
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation at the C‐4 Position of an Azetidin‐2‐one Ring by Intermolecular Radical Coupling Reactions: A Route to Tribactams (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Random encounters and amoeba locomotion drive the predation of Listeria monocytogenes by Acanthamoeba castellanii (2022)

Predatory protozoa play an essential role in shaping microbial populations. Among these protozoa, <i>Acanthamoeba</i> are ubiquitous in the soil and aqueous environments inhabited by <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. Observations of predator-prey interactions between these two microorganisms revealed a predation strategy in which <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> assemble <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in aggregates, termed backpacks, on their posterior. The rapid formation and specific location of backpacks led to the assumption that <i>A. castellanii</i> may recruit <i>L. monocytogenes</i> by releasing an attractant. However, this hypothesis has not been validated, and the mechanisms driving this process remained unknown. Here, we combined video microscopy, microfluidics, single-cell image analyses, and theoretical modeling to characterize predator-prey interactions of <i>A. castellanii</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and determined whether bacterial chemotaxis contributes to the backpack formation. Our results indicate that <i>L. monocytogenes</i> captures are not driven by chemotaxis. Instead, random encounters of bacteria with amoebae initialize bacterial capture and aggregation. This is supported by the strong correlation between experimentally derived capture rates and theoretical encounter models at the single-cell level. Observations of the spatial rearrangement of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> trapped by <i>A. castellanii</i> revealed that bacterial aggregation into backpacks is mainly driven by amoeboid locomotion. Overall, we show that two nonspecific, independent mechanisms, namely random encounters enhanced by bacterial motility and predator surface-bound locomotion, drive backpack formation, resulting in a bacterial aggregate on the amoeba ready for phagocytosis. Due to the prevalence of these two processes in the environment, we expect this strategy to be widespread among amoebae, contributing to their effectiveness as predators.
Indicator dilution models for the quantification of microvascular blood flow with bolus administration of ultrasound contrast agents (2010)

Indicator dilution methods have a long history in the quantification of both macro- and microvascular blood flow in many clinical applications. Various models have been employed in the past to isolate the primary pass of an indicator after an intravenous bolus injection. The use of indicator dilution techniques allows for the estimation of hemodynamic parameters of a tumor or organ and thus may lead to useful diagnostic and therapy monitoring information. In this paper, we review and discuss the properties of the lognormal function, the gamma variate function, the diffusion with drift models, and the lagged normal function, which have been used to model indicator dilution curves in different fields of medicine. We fit these models to contrast-enhanced ultrasound time-intensity curves from liver metastases and the ovine corpora lutea. We evaluate the models' performance on the image data and compare their predictions for hemodynamic-related parameters such as the area under the curve, the mean transit time, the full-width at half-maximum, the time to the peak intensity, and wash-in time. The models that best fit the experimental data are the lognormal function and the diffusion with drift.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Genetic Mutation of p53 and Suppression of the miR-17∼92 Cluster Are Synthetic Lethal in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer due to Upregulation of Vitamin D Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3. Transcriptional profiling of HBEC30KT and HBEC30KT-shTP53 identifies context-dependent de-repression of the miR-17~92 targetome after p53 loss driven by target genes of the miR-17-92 polycistron.&lt;/p&gt;
Aliasing error in digital holography (1976)

The use of the discrete Fourier transform in digital holography introduces aliasing error in the reconstructed image. Spectrum shaping to reduce dynamic range may also result in a serious increase in aliasing error. The effect of aliasing in digital holography is analyzed. It is proposed that the bandwidth be constrained when shaping the image spectrum. Experimental results show the approach to be quite effective.
Existence of a unique quasi-stationary distribution in stochastic reaction networks (2020)

In the setting of stochastic dynamical systems that eventually go extinct, the quasi-stationary distributions are useful to understand the long-term behavior of a system before evanescence. For a broad class of applicable continuous-time Markov processes on countably infinite state spaces, known as reaction networks, we introduce the inferred notion of absorbing and endorsed sets, and obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a quasi-stationary distribution within each such endorsed set. In particular, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a globally attracting quasi-stationary distribution in the space of probability measures on the set of endorsed states. Furthermore, under these conditions, the convergence from any initial distribution to the quasi-stationary distribution is exponential in the total variation norm.
Clinical and genetic factors associated with increased risk of severe liver toxicity in a monocentric cohort of HIV positive patients receiving nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (2018)

According to our findings HCV coinfection and ABCB1 rs1045642 SNP represent independent determinants of severe liver toxicity related to nevirapine. This genetic evaluation could be included as toxicity assessment in HIV-1-positive subjects treated with nevirapine.