gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid fat content determination using ultrasonic velocity measurements (1987)

Summary The ultrasonic group velocity has been measured through 0–20% mass fraction samples of tristearin, tripalmitin, trilaurin and 1‐oleodipalmitin suspended in paraffin oil at 25°C and 1 MHz. For tristearin, tripalmitin and trilaurin there is an increase of about 3.1 m/sec per 1% increase in insoluble triglyceride in suspension. For trilaurin and 1‐oleodipalmitin there is a slight decrease in velocity with increasing soluble triglyceride. The technique may, therefore, prove useful for determination of solubilities of triglycerides in suspension, as well as for determining solid fat contents. For the tristearin/paraffin oil suspensions there is a good correlation between the solid content added and that predicted by a theoretical formula available in the literature (correlation = 0.998 for twenty samples). The reproducibility of the solid fat content determination is 0.2%, the accuracy is about 0.6%. The technique is easily automated, cheap, accurate, rapid and non‐intrusive and should, therefore, prove useful both as an in‐line quality control monitoring device and as a new instrumental technique for research applications.
Physiological Consequences of Cellular Water Deficits (1983)

This chapter elaborates on water deficit levels and some important fundamentals of cell and tissue-water relations. It deals with physiological consequences of water stress and analyzes effects of water deficits on crop productivity in terms of carbon dioxide assimilation and the partition of assimilates into harvestable yield, integrated over the growing season. The chapter discusses the underlying physiological changes elicited by water stress within the reference frame of crop assimilation whenever possible. It also discusses expansive growth because it is the basis of the development of the assimilation surface. The chapter presents two key processes underlying expansive growth: cell wall and protein synthesis. It describes the more direct stress effects on assimilation rates in leaves in relation to stomatal behavior. The chapter highlights pertinent to crop productivity as affected by water supply. Transpiration is an unavoidable consequence of the maximization of carbon dioxide assimilation by plants.
Al-2.92 Phase Transition (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
A Design Concept for an Aluminum Sport Utility Vehicle Frame (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As part of the joint government/industry Partnership for a New Generation Vehicle (PNGV), Ford Motor Company, with the support of Alcan Aluminum Corporation and The Budd Company, conducted a feasibility study of the design and high volume manufacturing of a lightweight aluminum sport utility vehicle frame. The specific objective of the study was to assess the capability of an aluminum frame to achieve equivalent performance to the 2002 Ford Explorer frame, but at a 40% weight reduction.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), it was determined that if a design was constrained to the same section size as the production steel frame, the maximum weight savings that can be realized by use of aluminum is approximately 20%. However, if the side rail sections between the front and rear suspension points can be modestly increased, the aluminum frame can match the production steel frame in static bending and torsional stiffness and have greater normal mode frequencies than the production steel frame. In addition, this allows for an approximate 40% reduction in weight compared to the production steel frame.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Preliminary analysis also indicates an aluminum frame with the gage required to achieve the desired stiffness needed for ride, handling and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) will probably have excellent energy absorption during frontal impacts.&lt;/div&gt;
A Procedure for Qualitative Study of Light Level Variations and System Performance (1978)

The use of visibility levels (VL) as a method of design and evaluation of room lighting systems in work spaces is analyzed. The procedure used here is a modification of the Lumen 2 computer program. Several alternative power-budgeted lighting designs are evaluated to demonstrate the process. This analysis includes: calculation of classical footcandles, calculation of ESI footcandles, a plotting of VL for typical younger workers, and a similar plotting for typical older workers. Possible modifying factors related to subjective impressions of visual clarity are also discussed.
Vision-based single-stroke character recognition for wearable computing (2001)

Particularly when compared to traditional tools such as a keyboard or mouse, wearable computing data entry tools offer increased mobility and flexibility. Such tools include touch screens, hand gesture and facial expression recognition, speech recognition, and key systems. We describe a new approach for recognizing characters drawn by hand gestures or by a pointer on a user's forearm captured by a digital camera. We draw each character as a single, isolated stroke using a Graffiti-like alphabet. Our algorithm enables effective and quick character recognition. The resulting character recognition system has potential for application in mobile communication and computing devices such as phones, laptop computers, handheld computers and personal data assistants.
Expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in human hair follicles and PPAR alpha involvement in hair growth (2000)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, have recently been described as potent key regulators of epidermal development. As 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, retinoic acid and triiodothyronine are known to exert effects on skin and hair follicle growth through similar receptors, we decided to investigate both the expression pattern of the PPAR alpha, -delta and -gamma subtypes and their role in human hair follicles. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, we established that PPAR alpha, -delta and -gamma were expressed in both dermal and epithelial human hair follicle cells. Additionally, we evaluated the dose effect of clofibrate, a PPAR alpha ligand, on the survival of human hair follicles in culture. A beneficial effect was observed within a narrow range of concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2H,3′H‐Spiro[benzofuran‐3,2′‐naphthoquinones]. (2014)

Abstract Novel spiroheterocycles are prepared by an unprecedented Pd‐catalyzed spirocyclization.
Un estudio sobre la potestad de desahucio administrativo: metodología, fines y conclusiones de una investigación doctoral (2012)

Se exponen las lineas principales de la tesis doctoral titulada «La potestad de desahucio administrativo», reflejando la metodologia, los fines y las conclusiones alcanzadas. Dicho trabajo doctoral ha recibido en fechas recientes el Premio del Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica a la mejor tesis doctoral de Derecho Administrativo leida en Universidades espanolas.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Pentagastrin- Toxin Conjugate Designed for a Targeted Prodrug Monotherapy of Cancer (2008)

A novel carbamate prodrug 2 containing a pentagastrin moiety was synthesized. 2 was designed as a detoxified analogue of the highly cytotoxic natural antibiotic duocarmycin SA (1) for the use in a targeted prodrug monotherapy of cancers expressing cholecystokinin (CCK-B)/gastrin receptors. The synthesis of prodrug 2 was performed using a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of bromide 6, followed by a radical cyclisation to give the pharmacophoric unit 10, coupling of 10 to the DNA-binding subunit 15 and transformation of the resulting seco-drug 3b into the carbamate 2 via addition of a pentagastrin moiety.
A new oral model of free fatty acid kinetics to assess lipolysis in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (2023)

Assessing free fatty acids (FFAs) kinetics and the role of insulin and glucose on FFA lipolysis and disposal may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Some models have been proposed to describe FFA kinetics during an intravenous glucose tolerance test and only one during an oral glucose tolerance test. Here, we propose a model of FFA kinetics during a meal tolerance test and use it to assess possible differences in postprandial lipolysis in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and individuals with obesity without type 2 diabetes (ND). We studied 18 obese ND and 16 T2D undergoing three meal tolerance tests (MTT) on three occasions (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). We used plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations collected at breakfast to test a battery of models and selected the best one based on physiological plausibility, ability to fit the data, precision of parameter estimates, and the Akaike parsimony criterion. The best model assumes that the postprandial suppression of FFA lipolysis is proportional to the above basal insulin, while FFA disposal is proportional to FFA concentration. It was used to compare FFA kinetics in ND and T2D along the day. The maximum lipolysis suppression occurred significantly earlier in ND than T2D (39 ± 6 min vs. 102 ± 13 min, 36 ± 4 min vs. 78 ± 11 min, and 38 ± 6 min vs. 84 ± 13 min, <i>P</i> < 0.01, at breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively), making lipolysis significantly lower in ND than T2D. This is mainly attributable to the lower insulin concentration in the second group. This novel FFA model allows to assess lipolysis and insulin antilipolytic effect in postprandial conditions.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> In this study, we propose a new mathematical model able to quantify postprandial FFA kinetics and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in both subjects with obesity without type 2 diabetes (ND) and subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Results show that the slower postprandial suppression of lipolysis in T2D contributes to the higher free fatty acid (FFA) concentration that, in turn, may contribute to hyperglycemia.
Effect of tooth temperature on the dentin bonding durability of a self-curing adhesives: The discrepancy between the laboratory setting and inside the mouth (2021)

A two-bottle self-curing universal adhesive (Tokuyama Universal Bond; Tokuyama Dental) that does not require a long waiting time or light curing after application of the bonding material has been developed. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of tooth and adhesive temperature during the bonding procedure on the effectiveness of dentin bonding. The results showed that the tooth temperature affected the effectiveness of the dentin bonding; therefore, to determine the precise bonding ability in the laboratory, the temperature of the tooth must be raised until it is the same as that of the oral cavity. In addition, the temperature of the material did not affect bonding effectiveness; this result confirms that it does not matter whether the refrigerated product is used soon after its removal from the refrigerator or after it reaches room temperature in the clinic.
Effect on vein graft intimal hyperplasia of nuclear factor-kB decoy transfection using the second generation of HVJ vector. (2007)

NF-kB binding activity in vein grafts increases after implantation, and transfection of NF-kB decoy before implantation may reduce IH through the inhibition of ICAM-1 expression.
Three factors underlying incorrect in silico predictions of essential metabolic genes (2008)

The results presented herein indicate genes that cannot be correctly predicted as essential have commonalities in different organisms. These elucidated failure modes can be used to better understand the biology of individual organisms and to improve future predictions.
Radon-Based Structure from Motion without Correspondences (2005)

We present a novel approach for the estimation of 3D-motion directly from two images using the Radon transform. We assume a similarity function defined on the cross-product of two images which assigns a weight to all feature pairs. This similarity function is integrated over all feature pairs that satisfy the epipolar constraint. This integration is equivalent to filtering the similarity function with a Dirac function embedding the epipolar constraint. The result of this convolution is a function of the five unknown motion parameters with maxima at the positions of compatible rigid motions. The breakthrough is in the realization that the Radon transform is a filtering operator: If we assume that images are defined on spheres and the epipolar constraint is a group action of two rotations on two spheres, then the Radon transform is a convolution/correlation integral. We propose a new algorithm to compute this integral from the spherical harmonics of the similarity and Dirac functions. The resulting resolution in the motion space depends on the bandwidth we keep from the spherical transform. The strength of the algorithm is in avoiding a commitment to correspondences, thus being robust to erroneous feature detection, outliers, and multiple motions. The algorithm has been tested in sequences of real omnidirectional images and it outperforms correspondence-based structure from motion.
Haskell a language for modern times (2017)

interview Share on Haskell a language for modern times Author: Mihai Maruseac University of Massachusetts Boston University of Massachusetts BostonView Profile Authors Info & Claims XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for StudentsVolume 24Issue 1Fall 2017 pp 64–66https://doi.org/10.1145/3123764Published:14 September 2017Publication History 0citation250DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads250Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Selective activation of the M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor achieved by allosteric potentiation (2009)

The forebrain cholinergic system promotes higher brain function in part by signaling through the M(1) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). During Alzheimer's disease (AD), these cholinergic neurons degenerate, therefore selectively activating M(1) receptors could improve cognitive function in these patients while avoiding unwanted peripheral responses associated with non-selective muscarinic agonists. We describe here benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA), a highly selective allosteric potentiator of the M(1) mAChR. BQCA reduces the concentration of ACh required to activate M(1) up to 129-fold with an inflection point value of 845 nM. No potentiation, agonism, or antagonism activity on other mAChRs is observed up to 100 microM. Furthermore studies in M(1)(-/-) mice demonstrates that BQCA requires M(1) to promote inositol phosphate turnover in primary neurons and to increase c-fos and arc RNA expression and ERK phosphorylation in the brain. Radioligand-binding assays, molecular modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicate that BQCA acts at an allosteric site involving residues Y179 and W400. BQCA reverses scopolamine-induced memory deficits in contextual fear conditioning, increases blood flow to the cerebral cortex, and increases wakefulness while reducing delta sleep. In contrast to M(1) allosteric agonists, which do not improve memory in scopolamine-challenged mice in contextual fear conditioning, BQCA induces beta-arrestin recruitment to M(1), suggesting a role for this signal transduction mechanism in the cholinergic modulation of memory. In summary, BQCA exploits an allosteric potentiation mechanism to provide selectivity for the M(1) receptor and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cognitive disorders.
Echo reduction in low-frequency calibration using complex cepstrum (1976)

The complex cepstrum technique was investigated for possible use in removing echoes caused by early reflections when low-frequency, peaked-response transducers are calibrated using transient signals. Synthetic measurement data produced by a J9 projector driven with a damped sinusoidal pulse and a pressure release reflection are shown. Real measurement data from a low-frequency line array driven by a single-cycle sinusoid with complex surface and bottom reflections are also shown. In both cases, the echoes were successfully removed using the complex cepstrum technique. Data were digitized directly and stored on digital magnetic tape. Oversampling was reduced by sifting to achieve the correct sampling rate required by the complex cepstrum method. [Supported in part by the Naval Electronic Systems Command.]
Spectral splitting planar solar concentrator: experimental testing of a design aiming at dye sensitized solar cells (2014)

We present a new solar concentrator concept. This concept is based on spectral splitting. It implies reflective, refractive and diffractive elements that allow two spectrally differentiated beams to reach different and/or unmatched lattice solar cells. The aimed geometrical concentration factor is 5&times; and the theoretical optical efficiency of that concentrator concept reaches theoretically 82%. The following study will discuss the concept of such a solar concentrator. A practical application to dye sensitized solar cells is given. The manufacturing and design of the element is then exposed. Those elements have been tested in the laboratory. Good agreements with theoretical simulations are demonstrated.
Consensus-Based Recommendations on Priority Activities to Address Acute Kidney Injury in Children (2022)

Existing evidence across observational study supports further efforts to increase knowledge related to AKI in childhood. Significant gaps of knowledge may be addressed by focused efforts.
Indoor Localization by Fusing a Group of Fingerprints Based on Random Forests (2018)

Indoor localization is becoming critical to empower Internet of Things for various applications, such as asset tracking, autonomous parking, virtual reality, context awareness, condition monitoring, geolocation, smart manufacturing, as well as smart cities. It is well known that indoor localization based on some single fingerprints is rather susceptible to the changing environment. The efficiency of building single fingerprints from one localization system is also low. Recently, we first proposed a group of fingerprints (GOOF) based localization to improve the efficiency of building fingerprints, and then proposed an efficient fusion algorithm, namely, multiple classifiers multiple samples (MUCUS), to improve the accuracy of localization. However, the main drawbacks of MUCUS are the low localization efficiency and low accuracy when all classifiers show poor performance simultaneously. In this paper, based on the aforementioned GOOF, we propose a sliding window aided mode-based (SWIM) fusion algorithm to balance the localization accuracy and efficiency. SWIM first adopts windowing and sliding techniques to improve the localization efficiency, and then obtains a more accurate estimate by minimizing the entropy of multiple classifiers or multiple samples. This can guarantee our estimator to be robust to changing environment and larger noise level. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms through simulations and real experimental data via two universal software radio peripheral platforms.
3‐Benzimidazol‐2‐yl‐1H‐indazoles as Potent c‐ABL Inhibitors (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
System Analysis of Wildfire‐Water Supply Risk in Colorado, USA with Monte Carlo Wildfire and Rainfall Simulation (2021)

Water supply impairment from increased contaminant mobilization and transport after wildfire is a major concern for communities that rely on surface water from fire-prone watersheds. In this article we present a Monte Carlo simulation method to quantify the likelihood of wildfire impairing water supplies by combining stochastic representations of annual wildfire and rainfall activity. Water quality impairment was evaluated in terms of turbidity limits for treatment by modeling wildfire burn severity, postfire erosion, sediment transport, and suspended sediment dilution in receiving waterbodies. Water supply disruption was analyzed at the system level based on the impairment status of water supply components and their contributions to system performance. We used this approach to assess wildfire-water supply impairment and disruption risks for a system of water supply reservoirs and diversions in the Front Range Mountains of Colorado, USA. Our results indicate that wildfire may impair water quality in a concerning 15.7-19.4% of years for diversions from large watersheds. Reservoir impairment should be rare for off-network reservoirs-ranging from at most 0.01% of years for large reservoirs to nearly 2% of years for small reservoirs. System redundancy meaningfully reduced disruption risk for alternative conveyance routes (4.3-25.0% reduction) and almost eliminated disruption risk for a pair of substitutable terminal sources (99.9% reduction). In contrast, dependency among reservoirs on a conveyance route nearly doubled risk of disruption. Our results highlight the importance of considering water system characteristics when evaluating wildfire-water supply risks.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Shifting the Balance of Activating and Inhibitory Natural Killer Receptor Ligands on <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> Melanoma Lines with Vemurafenib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Vemurafenib and Batimastat modulate the expression of NK cell ligands by melanoma cells.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF (.+‐.)‐AKLAVINONES. APPLICATION OF THE STEREOCONTROLLED “ZIPPER” BICYCLO‐CYCLIZATION REACTION (1985)

Abstract Die ausgehend von dem Naphthol (I) synthetisierten Schlüsselverbindungen (II) werden der "Zipper"‐Bicyclocyclisierung (Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert) unter Anwendung von KH‐Krypto?x 222 als Base unterworfen.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLISCHE VERBINDUNGEN 12. MITT. DREISTUFEN‐SYNTH. VON 6A‐THIA‐THIOPHTEN AUS GAMMA‐PYRON (1972)

Abstract Das aus 7‐Pyron (I) mit P 2 S 5 in siedendem Benzol dargestellte Pyranthion (II) geht unter der Einwirkung von Na 2 S in Dimethylsulfoxid bei 25T′ in das Oxadithiapentalen (III) über.