gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resilience to Transformation and Inherent Genetic and Functional Stability of Adult Neural Stem Cells Ex vivo (2007)

Recent observations have suggested that extensive culturing of adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) by exploiting the NeuroSphere assay might select for aggressive cell clones, endowed with neoplastic potential, that overgrow the rest of the native stem cells. However, a detailed study of the propensity of ANSCs to transform has never been thoroughly undertaken. Here, we report the first demonstration that ANSCs can be propagated in vitro for over a year, maintaining a strikingly stable profile with regard to self-renewal, differentiation, growth factor dependence, karyotype, and molecular profiling. Most importantly, the long-term culturing of ANSCs did not result in the formation of tumors in vivo, even when ANSCs were transduced with Myc and Ras oncogenes. The cancer resistance could depend on specific mechanisms aimed at protecting ANSCs and preserved by optimal nonstressful culture conditions. In conclusion, besides a plentiful and safe source of cells for therapeutic applications, ANSCs provide an ideal model to study aging and cancer in the context of stemness.
Methods for Objective and Subjective Evaluation of Zero-Client Computing (2019)

Zero clients are hardware-based devices without a central processing unit (CPU) that deliver virtual desktops (VDs) from remote computing systems to users. We measured the performance of applications accessed through zero clients to study the feasibility of using this approach to provide a desktop-pc experience across a network. Performance evaluation is complicated because monitoring software cannot be downloaded to the zero clients. Therefore, we introduce a new methodology and metric to measure zero-client VD performance that is based on network-traffic analysis. We conducted objective and subjective studies to determine the sensitivity of application-specific metrics to different network conditions. The results show that the packet loss rate (PLR) impacts zero-client performance for some applications such as video streaming. Subjective tests showed a greater user sensitivity to the PLR for video streaming than for image viewing or Skype. A strong correlation was found between the objective and subjective measurements but the rate at which these measurements changed with increasing PLR differed depending on the application.
Eye Gaze for Consumer Electronics: Controlling and commanding intelligent systems (2015)

Over the last several years, there has been much research and investigation on finding new ways to interact with the smart systems that currently form an integral part of our lives. One of the most widely researched fields in human?computer interaction (HCI) has been the use of human eye gaze as an input modality to control and command intelligent systems. For example, gaze-based schemes for hands-free input to computers for text entry/scrolling/pointing was proposed as early as in 1989 for disabled persons [1]. In the field of commercial applications, gaze-based interactions have brought immersive experiences in the world of virtual gaming and multimedia entertainment [2]. Eye gaze is also a significant feature for detecting the attention and intent of an individual. For example, gaze tracking could be implemented in a car to detect driver consciousness or in a smartphone to switch operations by sensing user attentiveness.
An Autonomous Negotiating Agent Framework with Reinforcement Learning Based Strategies and Adaptive Strategy Switching Mechanism (2021)

Despite abundant negotiation strategies in literature, the complexity of automated negotiation forbids a single strategy from being dominant against all others in different negotiation scenarios. To overcome this, one approach is to use mixture of experts, but at the same time, one problem of this method is the selection of experts, as this approach is limited by the competency of the experts selected. Another problem with most negotiation strategies is their incapability of adapting to dynamic variation of the opponent's behaviour within a single negotiation session resulting in poor performance. This work focuses on both, solving the problem of expert selection and adapting to the opponent's behaviour with our Autonomous Negotiating Agent Framework. This framework allows real-time classification of opponent's behaviour and provides a mechanism to select, switch or combine strategies within a single negotiation session. Additionally, our framework has a reviewer component which enables self-enhancement capability by deciding to include new strategies or replace old ones with better strategies periodically. We demonstrate an instance of our framework by implementing maximum entropy reinforcement learning based strategies with a deep learning based opponent classifier. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our agent against state-of-the-art negotiators under varied negotiation scenarios.
Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//silicon inversion-base transistors: theory of operation (1992)

A theoretical study of the device characteristics of the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//silicon inversion-base transistor (BICFET) is presented. This transistor uses the space charge of holes in a modulation-doped inversion channel to control vertical electron transport. This study is of interest not only because of the unique interaction of transport mechanisms in the BICFET but also because the BICFET is very well suited to the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si system, and offers substantial performance advantages over the BJT. The device characteristics presented are based on a numerical and analytical analysis using the drift-diffusion formalism. The effects that quantum confinement and non-semi-classical transport have on this structure are presented. The authors conclude with a comparison between the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si BICFET and Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si HBT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A sheath‐flow nanospray interface for capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (2004)

We have developed a novel sheath-flow interface for low-flow electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS). The interface is composed of two capillaries. One is a tapered fused-silica ESI emitter suitable for microliter and nanoliter flow rate electrospray and the other is a tail-end gold-coated CE separation column that is inserted into the emitter. A sheath liquid is supplied between the column and the emitter capillaries. The gold coating and the sheath liquid are used as the conducting media for ESI and the CE circuit. This novel design was initially evaluated by an infusion ESI-MS analysis of the most common antiretroviral dideoxynucleosides, followed by CE/MS coupling analysis of several antidepressant drugs. With infusion studies, the effects of the sheath liquid and the sample flow rates on detection sensitivity and signal stability were investigated. For an emitter with an internal diameter of 30 microm, the optimum flow rates for the sheath and the sample were 200 and 300 nL/min, respectively. The main improvement of this approach in comparison with conventional sheath liquid approaches using an ionspray interface is the gain in sensitivity. Sensitivities were three times better for dideoxynucleosides analyzed by infusion and 12 times higher for antidepressant drugs analyzed by CE/MS with this interface compared with ionspray. The emitter is durable, disposable, and simple to fabricate.
A 225 μm ${}^{2}$ Probe Single-Point Calibration Digital Temperature Sensor Using Body-Bias Adjustment in 28 nm FD-SOI CMOS (2018)

An embedded digital temperature sensor based on a single-ended probe is implemented in a 28 nm fully depleted siliconon-insulator process. The nMOS-only ring-oscillator probe uses singlepoint calibration based on body-bias tuning of its well for process compensation. Nonlinearity compensation is implemented on-chip in custom digital logic, resulting in an area-efficient (225 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per probe, 11 482 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the full system) sensor while achieving -1.4 °C/ +1.3 °C accuracy using 2.0 nJ/sample and maintaining functionality over a 0.62-1.2 V range, making it suitable for temperature monitoring in digital systems-on-chip.
Challenges with optically transparent patch antennas for small satellites (2010)

This paper reviews the properties of TC's and analyzes the feasibility of various materials, such as ITO, to be implemented as patch antennas for placement on small satellite solar panels. With the help of an expression that better models the skin depth and non-uniform current distribution of microstrip patch antennas, it is possible to predict the efficiency of thin depositions for TCs. A study is conducted in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 10 GHz frequencies, using different TC thicknesses, to compare the effects on antenna efficiency and surface resistance. In the case of ITO, with a deposition thickness of 1.2 μm, we are able to achieve efficiencies of up to 40% from 5 to 7 GHz, but these antennas are unpractically efficient below 5 GHz.
Pheochromocytoma Is Characterized by Catecholamine-Mediated Myocarditis, Focal and Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis, and Myocardial Dysfunction (2016)

This first systematic CMR study characterizing the cardiac phenotype in pheochromocytoma showed that cardiac involvement was frequent and, for some variables, persisted after curative surgery. These effects surpass those of hypertensive heart disease alone, supporting a direct role of catecholamine toxicity that may produce subtle but long-lasting myocardial alterations.
Large-scale monolithic integration technologies for InP-based transmitters and receivers (1998)

We discuss approaches to achieving large scale InP-based optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) and photonic integrated circuits (PICs). For the last several years, we have developed such platform integration technologies, with a recent success being the demonstration of a 16x16 InGaAs/InP imaging array consisting of 272 field effect transistors and 256 p-i-n detectors. Both growth and processing of the platform structure are simple and robust, allowing for large-scale integration of optical and electronic devices. Other components which have been demonstrated using this versatile receiver/focal plane array technology have been very high sensitivity switched photodiode receivers, and coherent optical receivers. The transmitter technology consists of a modified twin waveguide structure which allows for fault tolerant fabrication of photonic integrated circuits employing any combination of lasers, optical amplifiers, modulators and waveguides. The extremely high yield and simplicity of processing of such InP-based LSI circuits suggests that the scale of optoelectronic integration in this important materials system has reached a new, and highly useful level of sophistication.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane) based liquid crystals (1986)

Abstract A novel set of low molecular weight copolymers have been synthesized which were based on the attachment of mesogenic groups to the terminal points of oligomer backbones. The placement of the groups at the end of the chains apparently allowed a second phase to form more easily than if the groups were attached along the backbone as pendant groups. The nature of the coupler or spacer was determined to influence whether the end groups crystallized or formed liquid crystallinity. The observation of liquid crystallinity was found to depend primarily on the relative concentration of mesogen to backbone molecular weight. Depending upon the specific coupler, there existed two critical values of molecular weight between which mesophase behavior was observed. Below a certain value, the end groups were found to crystallize. Above another critical value, there was no measureable second phase. Liquid crystallinity was only observed when the molecular weight was intermediate between the two critical values.
Overview of the RHIC e-Lens Superconducting Magnet Power Supply System (2013)

A new superconducting solenoid magnet was installed in the yellow ring of RHIC before Run 13 as part of the elens project. The second solenoid superconducting magnet will be installed in RHIC after Run 13 is over. There are 6 power supplies required for the solenoid, fringe and antifringe coils for both magnets. Commercial off the shelf unipolar power supplies are used to power the solenoid, fringe and anti-fringe coils. There are 24 corrector power supplies required for both magnets. Custom built 50A bipolar power supplies are used to power the correctors. Quench protection and quench detection have also been installed in this power supply system. In addition, 4 new phase shift power supplies have been installed in RHIC which are needed for the new e-lens system. These phase shift power supplies have been installed across the yellow focusing and defocusing arcs as well as the blue focusing and defocusing arcs from sector 8 to sector 10. Power Supply technology, control system, connections, the quench detection/protection system, and status will be presented.
Plant-Extract-Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Origanum vulgare L. Extract and Their Microbicidal Activities (2018)

Plant-mediated green synthesis of nanomaterials has been increasingly gaining popularity due to its eco-friendly nature and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using an aqueous solution of Saudi Origanum vulgare L. plant extract as a bioreducing agent. The as-synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated the formation of crystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) AgNPs. Additionally, FT-IR study confirmed that the O. vulgare L. extract not only functioned as a bioreductant but also stabilized the surface of the AgNPs by acting as a capping agent. Moreover, the effect of the amount of the plant extract on the size and the antimicrobial activity of the NPs was also assessed. It was found that with increasing amounts of plant extract, the size of the NPs was decreased. Moreover, as-synthesized AgNPs as well as O. vulgare L. plant extract were separately tested to examine their antimicrobial activities. The activities were tested against various bacterial and fungal microorganisms including Shigella sonnei, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternate, Paecilomyces variotii, Phialophora alba, and so on. These results evidently show that the inclusion of O. vulgare L. extracts improves the solubility of AgNPs, which led to a significant enhancement in the toxicity of the NPs against the assessed microorganisms.
Effects of Bilirubin on Neutrophil Responses in Newborn Infants (2012)

These findings suggest that bilirubin suppresses inflammation and increases antioxidant enzyme generation in activated neonatal neutrophils. The unexpected increases in NOX-1 and COX-2 expression may represent an early response, with physiologic effects mitigated by increased antioxidant activity. Further studies will be needed to define levels of bilirubin that optimize its protective effects, while minimizing potential inflammatory toxicity.
Design and Synthesis of A3 Adenosine Receptor Ligands, 3′‐Fluoro Analogues of Cl‐IB‐MECA (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multi-physics circuit network performance model for CPV modules/systems (2011)

Advanced empirical models have been developed to analyze or predict the performance of flat-plate or concentrator photovoltaic modules/systems in the outdoor environment [1]. These models typically rely on the use of empirical equations driven by several coefficients which are empirically determined through regression analysis of large sets of experimental data collected in the field. For instance, the performance model developed by Sandia Laboratories can be used to predict the performance of a photovoltaic module/system under varying (direct normal) irradiance, air mass, ambient temperature or wind speed. As the model empirically-determined coefficients are derived from averaged data sets (filtering out most transient effects), it is not always possible to link these coefficients to specific module design parameters. Moreover, since the detailed internal module wiring configuration is typically neglected, these empirical models cannot be used to accurately predict the performance of modules/systems when modules are partially shadowed. To overcome this limitation, specific models have been developed for predicting the non-linear effect of partial shading on PV systems [2,3]. This paper presents a generalized multi-physics performance model relying on the use of physical equations and elementary electrical circuit network models. This model can be used for predicting, comparing or analyzing the performance of concentrated photovoltaic modules or systems. The model is particularly useful for predicting the impact of a design change in the module/system materials, wiring configuration, solar cell type, or of the concentrator optics. Following a presentation of the model architecture, a first example presents how this performance model can be effectively used to optimize the module internal wiring configuration in order to minimize the impact of receiver current mismatch an reduce string losses at the system level. The model can also be used to determine the impact of shorts/opens defects on module performance. This performance model can also be used to determine the optimum method for binning and placing an array of individual receivers onto the backplane of micro-cell based concentrator photovoltaic modules [4,5]. A second example illustrates how the model can be easily extended through the use of high level analytical equations in order to perform multi-physics simulations. The impact of thermal expansion on the performance of a CPV module is studied using semi-empirical optical throughput equations of the CPV module optics coupled to thermal equations. Finally, a last example highlights the intrinsic capability of the model to accurately predict the non-linear effect of partial shading. Experimental data are presented to support these analyses.
The importance of RT-qPCR primer design for the detection of siRNA-mediated mRNA silencing (2011)

Our data suggest that using primers flanking the siRNA-mediated cleavage site in RT-qPCR-based measurements of mRNA knockdown in vivo can lead to false positive results. This is particularly relevant where high concentrations of siRNA are introduced, particularly via intratumoural injection, as the siRNA may be co-purified with the RNA and interfere with downstream enzymatic steps. Based on these results, using primers flanking the siRNA target site should be avoided when measuring knockdown of target mRNA by real-time RT-qPCR.
Newly Developed Correlations to Predict the Rheological Parameters of High-Bentonite Drilling Fluid Using Neural Networks (2020)

High-bentonite mud (HBM) is a water-based drilling fluid characterized by its remarkable improvement in cutting removal and hole cleaning efficiency. Periodic monitoring of the rheological properties of HBM is mandatory for optimizing the drilling operation. The objective of this study is to develop new sets of correlations using artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the rheological parameters of HBM while drilling using the frequent measurements, every 15 to 20 min, of mud density (MD) and Marsh funnel viscosity (FV). The ANN models were developed using 200 field data points. The dataset was divided into 70:30 ratios for training and testing the ANN models respectively. The optimized ANN models showed a significant match between the predicted and the measured rheological properties with a high correlation coefficient (R) higher than 0.90 and a maximum average absolute percentage error (AAPE) of 6%. New empirical correlations were extracted from the ANN models to estimate plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (Y<sub>P</sub>), and apparent viscosity (AV) directly without running the models for easier and practical application. The results obtained from AV empirical correlation outperformed the previously published correlations in terms of R and AAPE.
Abstract A22: Identification of a novel protein that blocks the Rag-Ragulator interaction and inhibits mTORC1 (2015)

Abstract mTORC1 controls key pathways that maintain cell viability, including translation, ribosome biogenesis and autophagy. Amino acids are a crucial input to mTORC1 activation, resulting in the recruitment of the complex to the surface of lysosomal membrane. The kinase activity of mTORC1 is subsequently turned on at the lysosome downstream of growth factor signaling. mTORC1 is brought to the lysosome by the Rag GTPases, which are tethered to the membrane by their lysosomal scaffold and guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Ragulator. We have identified a novel regulator of mTORC1 activity that inhibits mTORC1 through binding to the Ragulator. This binding prevents the interaction between the Ragulator and its only known substrate, the Rag GTPases, both in cells and in vitro. This disruption of the Rag-Ragulator interaction results in impaired mTORC1 activation by amino acids. However, the novel Ragulator-interacting protein is not regulated by amino acids; it behaves as a link that integrates another signal transduction pathway that inhibits mTORC1 regardless of the presence of amino acids. Citation Format: Lawrence D. Schweitzer, David M. Sabatini. Identification of a novel protein that blocks the Rag-Ragulator interaction and inhibits mTORC1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A22.
Soft Hydrogels Featuring In-Depth Surface Density Gradients for the Simple Establishment of 3D Tissue Models for Screening Applications (2017)

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are gaining increasing interest for use in drug development pipelines due to their closer resemblance to human tissues. Hydrogels are the first-choice class of materials to recreate in vitro the 3D extra-cellular matrix (ECM) environment, important in studying cell-ECM interactions and 3D cellular organization and leading to physiologically relevant in vitro tissue models. Here we propose a novel hydrogel platform consisting of a 96-well plate containing pre-cast synthetic PEG-based hydrogels for the simple establishment of 3D (co-)culture systems without the need for the standard encapsulation method. The in-depth density gradient at the surface of the hydrogel promotes the infiltration of cells deposited on top of it. The ability to decouple hydrogel production and cell seeding is intended to simplify the use of hydrogel-based platforms and thus increase their accessibility. Using this platform, we established 3D cultures relevant for studying stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and neural and cancer models.
Human and mouse gene structure (2000)

We describe a novel analytical approach to gene recognition based on cross-species comparison We first undertook a comparison of orthologous genomic look from human and mouse, studying the extent of similarity in the number, size and sequence of exons and introns We then developed an approach for recognizing genes within such orthologous regions, by first aligning the regions using an iterative global alignment system and then identifying genes based on conservation of exonic features at aligned positions in both species The alignment and gene recognition are performed by new programs called GLASS and ROSETTA, respectively ROSETTA performed well at exact identification of coding exons in 117 orthologous pairs tested.