gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonance-enhanced dielectric sensing of chemical and biological species (2023)

A dielectric sensing method and apparatus are provided for detection and classification of chemical and biological materials. Resonance patterns of a sample within a resonator are detected for identifying a shift in resonance frequency and a change of line width before and after introduction of the sample. The identified shift in resonance frequency and change of line width are used for determining a complex dielectric constant of the sample for the material detection and classification. A degree of selectivity at any excitation frequency is enabled for the dielectric sensing method from the manner in which the complex dielectric constant of a material affects the resonance pattern of the resonator with respect to shift in resonance frequency and the change in line width. By selecting the excitation frequencies to generally correspond to one of the resonance frequencies of the sample material under test, the degree of selectivity and the sensitivity of detection are enhanced.
Nutritional dependence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors in skeletal muscle: measurement by light microscopic autoradiography. (1993)

To determine the cellular location, capacity, and nutritional sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors, we measured the in vitro binding of [125I]-IGFs to skeletal muscle using light microscopic autoradiography. Muscle was collected from 8-month lambs that had received high or low nutrition diets (3% and 1.25% of body weight/day in pellets, respectively). Half of each group had also received growth hormone (0.25 mg/kg/day). Cryosections were incubated with [125I]-IGF alone or with unlabeled IGF-1, IGF-2, or insulin to characterize binding sites as probable Type 1 IGF, Type 2 IGF, or insulin receptors. [125I]-IGF-1 was found to bind to blood vessels and Type 1 receptors in connective tissue (p < or = 0.001), but not to muscle fiber or nerves. In muscle from 6-month lambs that were fed or fasted, [125I]-IGF-1 bound to Type 1 receptors in connective tissue (p < or = 0.01 fed; p < or = 0.05 fasted) and muscle fiber (p < or = 0.05). The binding to connective tissue was also greater in fasted than in fed animals (p < or = 0.05). Binding of [125I]-IGF-2 to the Type 2 receptor was located in blood vessels and connective tissue (p < or = 0.01) and did not alter with fasting. Therefore, these experiments have demonstrated that Type 1 and Type 2 receptors vary in their distribution and nutritional sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
Robotic Peripheral Vascular Intervention With Drug-Coated Balloons is Feasible and Reduces Operator Radiation Exposure: Results of the Robotic-Assisted Peripheral Intervention for Peripheral Artery Disease (RAPID) Study II (2020)

These data demonstrate the safety and feasibility of using a robotic-assisted platform for treating femoropopliteal lesions with rapid-exchange interventional devices, and show 96.9% reduction in radiation exposure for the primary operator.
Dot pattern generation using thick sinusoidal phase grating under Gaussian beam illumination (2019)

Far-field dot pattern generation is analyzed for a Gaussian beam source that illuminates a sinusoidal phase grating which is placed at a certain distance behind the beam waist. We obtain a bigger field of view with more numbers of points using a Gaussian beam in comparison to a plane wave illumination because of the initial curvature of the Gaussian beam. Light propagation modeling through the sinusoidal grating is carried out using different approximations for a thin and thick phase grating. Using thin element approximation (TEA), the complex field is carried out with low computational effort and accuracy. We compare TEA with more accurate methods, such as FFT-BPM and FDTD methods. For thin phase gratings, TEA can be used but for thick gratings, FDTD method is the only valid option. For thick phase gratings, the effect of reflection from phase grating on the field modulation increases and we use FDTD method to find the correct far field pattern distribution.
Reduced Plasma Kallistatin Is Associated With the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease, and Kallistatin Treatment Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Mice (2018)

Background Kallistatin exerts beneficial effects on organ injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the role of kallistatin in atherosclerosis is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ), atherosclerotic plaques of apoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and endothelial activation. Methods and Results Plasma kallistatin levels were analyzed in 453 patients at different stages of CAD . Kallistatin levels were significantly lower in patients with CAD and negatively associated with CAD severity and oxidative stress. Human kallistatin cDNA in an adenoviral vector was injected intravenously into apoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice after partial carotid ligation, with or without nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N<sup>ω</sup>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) or sirtuin 1 inhibitor (nicotinamide). Kallistatin gene delivery significantly reduced macrophage deposition, oxidative stress, and plaque volume in the carotid artery, compared with control adenoviral injection. Kallistatin administration increased endothelial nitrous oxide synthase, sirtuin 1, interleukin-10, superoxide dismutase 2, and catalase expression in carotid plaques. The beneficial effects of kallistatin in mice were mitigated by N<sup>ω</sup>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or nicotinamide. Furthermore, human kallistatin protein suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α-induced NADPH oxidase activity and increased endothelial nitrous oxide synthase and sirtuin 1 expression in cultured human endothelial cells. These effects were also abolished by N<sup>ω</sup>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or nicotinamide. Conclusions This was the first study to demonstrate that reduced plasma kallistatin levels in patients are associated with CAD severity and oxidative stress. Kallistatin treatment prevents carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice by stimulating the sirtuin 1/endothelial nitrous oxide synthase pathway. These findings indicate the potential protective effects of kallistatin on atherosclerosis in human subjects and mouse models.
A cross-layer metric for application-constrained MAC-aware capacity optimization (2014)

This paper introduces a new cross-layer design metric called Application-Constrained MAC-Aware Capacity (ACMAC). ACMAC considers outage capacity, MAC layer and application layer Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements to derive the lower and upper bounds of the transmission rate. Theoretical derivation of this metric demonstrates the importance of considering different layers of the network. Further, we show how to use ACMAC as a cross layer optimization criterion to generate frameworks for selecting different parameters such as transmit rate, channel or route selection in wireless networks. Our simulation results show that ACMAC is very accurate in predicting network performance such as throughput while satisfying QoS parameters like Packet Error rate (PER).
Spherical nanoindentation and deformation mechanisms in freestanding GaN films (2007)

In this work, spherical nanoindentation—with nanoindenter radius of 1 or 13.5μm—was used to explore the deformation behavior of GaN freestanding films with two orientations, C (basal) and A (prismatic), grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. For the C plane, all the results shown herein and most of those in the literature can be explained by invoking the activation of basal slip alone. The wide distribution of pop-in stresses in the C plane is believed to depend on initial surface and/or near surface defect concentrations. By converting the nanoindentation load-displacement data to indentation stress-strain curves and comparing those for the A and C planes after the pop-ins, we conclude that basal slip is also implicated in the deformation of the A plane. The elastic moduli, determined from spherical nanoindentation, depend on the indenter size. In the C plane repeated spherical nanoindentations, to the same stress, result in reversible, hysteretic loops that are attributed to the formation of incipient kink bands and/or the to-and-fro motion of mobile dislocation walls.
The development of a HAMstring InjuRy (HAMIR) index to mitigate injury risk through innovative imaging, biomechanics, and data analytics: protocol for an observational cohort study (2022)

The most appropriate strategies for reducing risk of HSI are likely multi-factorial and depend on risk factors unique to each athlete. This study will be the largest-of-its-kind (1200 player-years) to gather detailed information on index and recurrent HSI, and will be the first study to simultaneously investigate the effect of morphological, biomechanical and clinical variables on risk of HSI in collegiate football athletes. The quantitative HAMIR index will be formulated to identify an athlete's propensity for HSI, and more importantly, identify targets for injury mitigation, thereby reducing the global burden of HSI in high-level American football players. Trial Registration The trial is prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05343052; April 22, 2022).
The Temperature-Regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cmaX-cfrX-cmpX Operon Reveals an Intriguing Molecular Network Involving the Sigma Factors AlgU and SigX (2020)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a highly adaptable Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, notably due to its large number of transcription regulators. The extracytoplasmic sigma factor (ECFσ) AlgU, responsible for alginate biosynthesis, is also involved in responses to cell wall stress and heat shock via the RpoH alternative σ factor. The SigX ECFσ emerged as a major regulator involved in the envelope stress response via membrane remodeling, virulence and biofilm formation. However, their functional interactions to coordinate the envelope homeostasis in response to environmental variations remain to be determined. The regulation of the putative <i>cmaX-cfrX-cmpX</i> operon located directly upstream <i>sigX</i> was investigated by applying sudden temperature shifts from 37°C. We identified a SigX- and an AlgU- dependent promoter region upstream of <i>cfrX</i> and <i>cmaX</i>, respectively. We show that <i>cmaX</i> expression is increased upon heat shock through an AlgU-dependent but RpoH independent mechanism. In addition, the ECFσ SigX is activated in response to valinomycin, an agent altering the membrane structure, and up-regulates <i>cfrX-cmpX</i> transcription in response to cold shock. Altogether, these data provide new insights into the regulation exerted by SigX and networks that are involved in maintaining envelope homeostasis.
Reconstruction and Analysis of the Acoustic Transfer Matrix of a Reheat Flame From Large-Eddy Simulations (2017)

Lean premix technology is widely spread in gas turbine combustion systems, allowing modern power plants to fulfill very stringent emission targets. These systems are, however, also prone to thermoacoustic instabilities, which can limit the engine operating window. The thermoacoustic analysis of a combustor is thus a key element in its development process. An important ingredient of this analysis is the characterization of the flame response to acoustic fluctuations, which is straightforward for lean-premixed flames that are propagation stabilized, since it can be measured atmospherically. Ansaldo Energia’s GT26 and GT36 reheat combustion systems feature a unique technology where fuel is injected into a hot gas stream from a first combustor, which is propagation stabilized, and auto-ignites in a sequential combustion chamber. The present study deals with the flame response of mainly auto-ignition stabilized flames to acoustic and temperature fluctuations for which a CFD system identification approach is chosen. The current paper builds on recent works, which detail and validate a methodology to analyze the dynamic response of an auto-ignition flame to extract the Flame Transfer Function (FTF) using unsteady Large-Eddy Simulations (LES). In these studies, the flame is assumed to behave as a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) or Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) system. The analysis conducted in GT2015-42622 qualitatively highlights the important role of temperature and equivalence ratio fluctuations, but these effects are not separated from velocity fluctuations. Hence, this topic is addressed in GT2016-57699, where the flame is treated as a multi-parameter system and compressible LES are conducted to extract the frequency-dependent FTF to describe the effects of axial velocity, temperature, equivalence ratio and pressure fluctuations on the flame response. For lean-premixed flames, a common approach followed in the literature assumes that the acoustic pressure is constant across the flame and that the flame dynamics are governed by the response to velocity perturbations only, i.e., the FTF. However this is not necessarily the case for reheat flames that are mainly auto-ignition stabilized. Therefore, in this paper we present the full 2 × 2 transfer matrix of a predominantly auto-ignition stabilized flame and hence describe the flame as a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system. In addition to this, it is highlighted that in presence of temperature fluctuations the 2 × 2 matrix can be extended to a 3 × 3 matrix relating the primitive acoustic variables as well as the temperature fluctuations across the flame. It is shown that only taking the FTF is insufficient to fully describe the dynamic behavior of reheat flames.
Spatial and temporal expression of surfactant proteins in hyperoxia-induced neonatal rat lung injury (2006)

The increased expression of SP-A mRNA under hyperoxia can be attributed, at least in part, to an induction of mRNA and protein expression in bronchial Clara cells. The expanded role of Clara cells in the defence against hyperoxic injury suggests that they support alveolar type 2 cell function and may play an important role in the supply of surfactant proteins to the lower airways.
514 A Functional Ultrasound Brain-Machine Interface: Real-Time Decoding of Eight Movement Directions (2023)

INTRODUCTION: Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) can be transformative for people living with chronic paralysis. By translating brain signals into computer commands, BMIs can bypass neurological impairments, enabling users to control computers, robots, and more. State-of-the-art BMIs have already made this future a reality in limited clinical trials. However, these BMIs requires inserting highly invasive electrodes into the brain. Device degradation limits longevity to 3-5 years and the field of view of brain activity is small. These factors limit BMI’s widespread adoption. The next generation of BMIs must be longer lasting, less invasive, and scalable. Functional ultrasound neuroimaging (fUSI) is a recently developed technique that meets these criteria. METHODS: We collected data from two nonhuman primates (NHPs). We used real-time fUSI to measure activity in the posterior parietal cortex, an important area for motor planning. We fed this fUSI data into real-time machine learning classifiers to predict the monkey’s intended movement direction and control a behavioral task in real-time. RESULTS: We could predict the monkey’s intended movement direction significantly above chance level (binomial test, p&lt;0.001 for 2- and 8-directions) using the real-time fUSI-BMI. Most direction misclassifications were for neighboring directions (permutation test, p&lt;0.001). The most important voxels for decoding eye movements were within small subpopulations of the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). We found that these LIP subpopulations had a stable encoding of movement direction and the NHPs could accurately control the task more than 40 days after training the decoder model. CONCLUSIONS: This work establishes, for the first time, the feasibility of a real-time ultrasound-based BMI and we have begun translating this work into human applications. This work contributes to the next generation of high-performing, yet minimally-invasive, BMIs that can restore function to patients with neurological impairments.
Architectural Support for Cognitive Processing (2017)

The guest editors introduce the articles in the special issue on cognitive architectures.
Cyclooxygenase-2 is overexpressed in human cervical cancer. (2001)

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important target for preventing epithelial malignancies. Little is known, however, about the expression of COX-2 in gynecological malignancies. By immunoblot analysis, COX-2 was detected in 12 of 13 cases of cervical cancer but was undetectable in normal cervical tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed COX-2 in malignant epithelial cells. COX-2 was also expressed in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The mechanism by which COX-2 is up-regulated in cervical cancer is unknown. Because the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is commonly overexpressed in cervical cancer, we investigated whether EGF could induce COX-2 in cultured human cervical carcinoma cells. Treatment with EGF markedly induced COX-2 protein, COX-2 mRNA, and stimulated COX-2 promoter activity. The induction of COX-2 by EGF was suppressed by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activity, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, overexpressing dominant-negative forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38, and c-Jun blocked EGF-mediated induction of COX-2 promoter activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that deregulation of the EGF receptor signaling pathway may lead to enhanced COX-2 expression in cervical cancer.
Spectrally flat and broadband double-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifiers (2007)

We study theoretically and experimentally spectrally flat and broadband double-pumped fiber-optical parametric amplifiers (2P-FOPAs). Closed formulas are derived for the gain ripple in 2P-FOPAs as a function of the pump wavelength separation and power, and the fiber non-linearity and fourth order dispersion coefficients. The impact of longitudinal random variations of the zero dispersion wavelength (lambda(0)) on the gain flatness is investigated. Our theoretical findings are substantiated with experiments using conventional dispersion shifted fibers and highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs). By using a HNLF having a low variation of lambda0 we demonstrate high gain and flat spectrum (25 +/- 1.5 dB) over 115 nm.
Why Textbook ElGamal and RSA Encryption Are Insecure (Extended Abstract) (2000)

We present an attack on plain ElGamal and plain RSA encryption. The attack shows that without proper preprocessing of the plaintexts, both ElGamal and RSA encryption are fundamentally insecure. Namely, when one uses these systems to encrypt a (short) secret key of a symmetric cipher it is often possible to recover the secret key from the ciphertext. Our results demonstrate that preprocessing messages prior to encryption is an essential part of both systems.
Urinary bladder endocervicosis: a case report and review of the literature. (1996)

Endocervicosis, a mucinous analogue of endometriosis, is a rare, non-neoplastic mullerian lesion that may involve the urinary bladder. This lesion has only recently been described in the pathologic literature and, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been previously reported in the urologic literature. It is a benign lesion that clinically may be confused with a malignant tumor. Histologically, it must be differentiated from an adenocarcinoma. We report one recent case of urinary bladder endocervicosis in a 34-year old female who presented with urinary urgency and frequency secondary to a 3.5 cm mass in the posterior wall of the bladder. This was treated by partial cystectomy with complete resolution of her symptoms. The literature on endocervicosis and related mullerian lesions of the urinary bladder is reviewed.
A Pyrene-4,5,9,10-Tetraone-Based Covalent Organic Framework Delivers High Specific Capacity as a Li-Ion Positive Electrode (2022)

Electrochemically active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, improving the specific capacities of COF-based electrodes requires materials with increased conductivity and a higher concentration of redox-active groups. Here, we designed a series of pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone COF (PT-COF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composites (denoted as PT-COFX, where <i>X</i> = 10, 30, and 50 wt % of CNT) to address these challenges. Among the composites, PT-COF50 achieved a capacity of up to 280 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> as normalized to the active COF material at a current density of 200 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, which is the highest capacity reported for a COF-based composite cathode electrode to date. Furthermore, PT-COF50 exhibited excellent rate performance, delivering a capacity of 229 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 5000 mA g<sup>-1</sup> (18.5C). Using <i>operando</i> Raman microscopy the reversible transformation of the redox-active carbonyl groups of PT-COF was determined, which rationalizes an overall 4 e<sup>-</sup>/4 Li<sup>+</sup> redox process per pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone unit, accounting for its superior performance as a Li-ion battery electrode.
Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Adults: An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline (2020)

<b>Background:</b> This guideline addresses the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). It represents a collaborative effort among the American Thoracic Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax.<b>Methods:</b> Systematic reviews were performed for six questions. The evidence was discussed, and then recommendations were formulated by a multidisciplinary committee of experts in the field of interstitial lung disease and HP using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.<b>Results:</b> The guideline committee defined HP, and clinical, radiographic, and pathological features were described. HP was classified into nonfibrotic and fibrotic phenotypes. There was limited evidence that was directly applicable to all questions. The need for a thorough history and a validated questionnaire to identify potential exposures was agreed on. Serum IgG testing against potential antigens associated with HP was suggested to identify potential exposures. For patients with nonfibrotic HP, a recommendation was made in favor of obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for lymphocyte cellular analysis, and suggestions for transbronchial lung biopsy and surgical lung biopsy were also made. For patients with fibrotic HP, suggestions were made in favor of obtaining BAL for lymphocyte cellular analysis, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy, and surgical lung biopsy. Diagnostic criteria were established, and a diagnostic algorithm was created by expert consensus. Knowledge gaps were identified as future research directions.<b>Conclusions:</b> The guideline committee developed a systematic approach to the diagnosis of HP. The approach should be reevaluated as new evidence accumulates.
An area-reduced scheme for modulo 2/sup n/-1 addition/subtraction (2005)

In this paper, we present a versatile area-reduced scheme for modulo 2/sup n/-1 adders and subtracters using a MUX-based increment/decrement algorithm. A FPGA-based comparison of the proposed modulo adder and the conventional modulo adder designs is carried out. The implementation results show that the proposed adder reduces the area close to 30% compared with the modulo adder of Bayoumi et al. The delay and the power are also reduced around 10%. In addition, it is also shown that the proposed design requires less hardware resources than the parallel-prefix modulo adder of Kalampoukas et al. while providing a comparable operation speed.