gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Operation Mode of a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cell with an Asymmetrical Surface Condition II (1991)

A new operation mode which has two substrates with different surface interaction characteristics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture with a large spontaneous polarization, a large tilt angle, and an N * ·Sc * transition, is experimentally studied. Measuring optical properties of the developed cell shows that the new operation mode provides black and white images even when the cell is thick (3-6 µm).
Sequence-selective DNA binding with cell-permeable oligoguanidinium–peptide conjugates (2015)

Conjugation of a short peptide fragment from a bZIP protein to an oligoguanidinium tail results in a DNA-binding miniprotein that selectively interacts with composite sequences containing the peptide-binding site next to an A/T-rich tract. In addition to stabilizing the complex with the target DNA, the oligoguanidinium unit also endows the conjugate with cell internalization properties.
Rate and decoding power constrained video coding scheme for mobile multimedia players (2005)

Power dissipation, data rate, and processing time are crucial constraints for embedded multimedia devices. We present a video coding solution given the constraints of bit rate and decoding power dissipation. Coupled with a small dedicated video internal memory at a decoder, the coding scheme is designed for the best operational rate-distortion and decoding power cost trade off. It can substantially decrease the data traffic to the external memory at decoder. A decrease in data traffic to the external memory at decoder will result in faster real-time processing and power savings. The encoder, given the prior knowledge of the decoder's dedicated video internal memory management scheme, optimally regulates its choice of motion compensated predictors to reduce the decoder's external memory accesses. This video coding scheme can be used in any standard or proprietary encoder to generate a compliant output stream decodable by a standard general purpose processor-based or dedicated hardware-based decoder with power restriction. Simulation results show that with a relatively small dedicated internal memory, our scheme may reduce the power dissipation significantly while keeping the comparable picture quality.
Cell surface antigen of human neuroblastomas is related to nuclear antigen of normal cells. (1985)

The localization of MC25, an antigen first detected on the surface of human neuroblastoma cells, was determined in cultured cells and tissues. Neuroblastoma cell lines (15/17) express the antigen on the surface and in the cytoplasm (scMC25+), whereas 156/160 cell lines derived from other normal and malignant human cell types are scMC25-. However, MC25 is found in the nucleus of scMC25- cells (nMC25+), presenting a discrete granular pattern. In scMC25+/nMC25- neuroblastoma lines, apparent antigen shifting from the cell surface/cytoplasm to the nucleus accompanies variant formation, which represents a transition in the neuronal differentiation program of these cells. Results of immunohistochemical studies with human tissues parallel the findings with cultured cells. Almost all cell types are scMC25-/nMC25+; basal cells of the epidermis are the only cells constitutively expressing cMC25; and a population of neurons are the only scMC25-/nMC25- cells. Alternative localization of MC25 to different cellular compartments and antigen shifting are reminiscent of the behavior of certain developmentally regulated antigens in Drosophila and Xenopus.
Nanoaggregates Derived from Amyloid-beta and Alpha-synuclein Characterized by Sequential Quadruple Force Mapping (2021)

Overlapping of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is associated with the formation of hetero-oligomers derived from amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein. However, the structural identity of the hetero-oligomer has yet to be elucidated, particularly at high resolution. Here, with atomic force microscopy, the surface structure of hetero-oligomer was examined with four AFM tips tethering one of the selected antibodies recognizing N-terminus or C-terminus of each peptide. All aggregates were found to be hetero-oligomers, and probability of recognizing the termini is higher than that for the homo-oligomers, suggesting that the termini of the former have a greater tendency to be located at the surface or the termini have more freedom to be recognized, probably through loose packing. The methodology in this study provides us with a new approach to elucidate the structure of such aggregates at the single-molecule level, allowing the exploration of other intrinsically disordered proteins frequently found in nature.
Mobile vocabulometer (2020)

Vocabulary acquisition is the basis of learning a language, and using flashcards applications is a popular method for learners to memorize the meaning of unknown words. Unfortunately, this method alone is not effective for learners to remember the meaning of words when they appear in sentences. To solve this, we developed the Mobile Vocabulometer which allows users to acquire new vocabulary with context-based learning. Based on the correlation between comprehension and interests, we use the learning materials that adapt to users' interests and language skills. This system harnesses the power of the original Vocabulometer, and modifies it to be effective for mobile learning. An experiment on Japanese university students showed that, overall, learners achieved better results compared to using a simple flashcard application. This result indicates that this system provides a significant advantage over context-free learning systems.
Microhabitats with emergent plants counterbalance the negative effects of fish presence on diving beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) diversity in urban ponds (2022)

Aquatic plants are important prey refuges for aquatic organisms, and their species richness is positively related with aquatic invertebrate species richness. Yet, it is unclear how the quantity of refuges, i.e. aquatic vegetation cover, affect aquatic invertebrate assemblages and their habitat use under different levels of predation risk (e.g. in the presence or absence of fish), nor at different scales (i.e. microhabitat and pond scales). Here, we investigated how provision of refuges affects diving beetle (Dytiscidae) species richness and abundance in the presence and absence of fish predators. We sampled diving beetles (Dytiscidae) with 1-L activity traps and estimated emergent plant cover at both the pond and microhabitat scales. We found that plant cover affected dytiscid populations differently: At the pond scale, dytiscid presence was positively correlated with increasing plant cover, both with and without fish, indicating the importance of emergent plants for aquatic biodiversity. At the microhabitat scale, dytiscid species richness and abundance were positively correlated with increasing plant cover in ponds with fish, but there was no such relationship in ponds without fish, emphasizing that the level of predation risk can alter prey species’ use of prey refuges. Our findings provide evidence that the availability of both vegetated and non-vegetated microhabitats can benefit aquatic invertebrates. We suggest maintaining variation in the provision of emergent plant cover, to retain high habitat heterogeneity in urban ponds and to enhance freshwater biodiversity.
E.S.R. and ENDOR of an α-chloro radical in X-irradiated 5-chlorodeoxyuridine single crystals (1976)

The most prominent radical formed from X-irradiation of the nucleic acid constituent analogue 5-chlorodeoxyuridine at room temperature is shown to be an α-chloro radical formed by hydrogen addition to C6. The E.S.R. analysis of the 35Cl hyperfine interaction combined with theoretical simulation of the spin hamiltonian yields tensor components axx =46·98 MHz, ayy =-10·98 MHz and azz =-17·01 MHz with a quadrupole coupling constant of eqQ=72 MHz. The principal g-tensor values are gxx =2·0012, gyy =2·00862 and gzz =2·00687. Three additional hyperfine interactions in the radical are observed combining E.S.R. and ENDOR spectroscopy. Besides the two nearly equivalent β-protons on C6 with principal values of 103·39 MHz and 110·12 MHz, there is hyperfine interaction with the 14N nucleus of nitrogen N3 (axx =9·81 MHz, ayy =azz ≃ 0 MHz) and with the proton of the hydrogen bonded to N3. The latter interaction has tensor components of 2·65 MHz, -10·80 MHz and -8·09 MHz as obtained from ENDOR data. The chlorine hyperfine coupling parameters are related to those observed in other α-chloro radicals. The mechanism of the formation of the radical in 5-chlorodeoxyuridine is discussed briefly.
Probing single-particle structures beyond the proton drip line (2007)

International audience
Direct measurements of the dynamics of self-guided femtosecond laser filaments in air (2006)

Imaging of femtosecond laser filaments is accomplished by utilizing a recently developed diagnostic which is not damaged by the filaments and which greatly reduces the nonlinearities in the detection system. This calibrated detection system allows quantities such as the filament energy and fluence distribution to be determined with greater detail, accuracy, and confidence than was previously possible. The diagnostic is placed on a rail so that filament images can be obtained at a large number of positions along the propagation path. It is found that filaments formed from 450-fs pulses carry higher fluence and propagate farther than filaments formed from 50-fs pulses.
Experimental Trypanosoma brucei infections selectively suppress both interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2 receptor expression (1987)

Experimental infections with Trypanosoma brucei AnTat 1.1.E not only account for a suppression of interleukin 2 (IL 2) production, but also induce an impairment of IL 2 receptor expression. Indeed, lymph node cells derived from infected mice failed to express IL 2 receptors following mitogenic stimulation as compared to normal controls. This impairment was not attributed to a modulation of the number of T cells and was not caused by the presence of living parasites. Furthermore, the basal level of IL 2 receptor expression could not be re-established through the exogenous supply of recombinant IL 2. This impairment of receptor expression was found to be mediated by suppressive cells that affect the relative number of receptor-positive cells as well as the mean receptor density. On the other hand, the mitogen-induced secretion of other T cell-derived lymphokines was not inhibited during infection, indicating that the severe suppression of IL 2 regulation was not attributed to a total paralysis of the T cell responsiveness.
Process Development and Pilot-Plant Synthesis of (S)-tert-Butyl 1-Oxo-1-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropylamino)propan-2-ylcarbamate: Studies on the Scale-Up of Kulinkovich–Szymoniak Cyclopropanation (2012)

A practical and scalable synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 1-oxo-1-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropylamino)propan-2-ylcarbamate, an intermediate in the manufacture of a lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 inhibitor, is described. The titled compound is prepared via an efficient one-pot, two-step telescoped sequence starting from readily available materials. A modified Kulinkovich–Szymoniak cyclopropanation of a nitrile followed by in situ amide formation with an activated carboxylic acid derivative afforded the target product in about 50% overall isolated yield and >97% purity.
CD4 + -T-Cell and CD20 + -B-Cell Changes Predict Rapid Disease Progression after Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Macaques (1998)

Simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6PD (SHIV89.6PD) was pathogenic after intrarectal inoculation of rhesus macaques. Infection was achieved with a minimum of 2,500 tissue culture infectious doses of cell-free virus stock, and there was no evidence for transient viremia in animals receiving subinfectious doses by the intrarectal route. Some animals experienced rapid progression of disease characterized by loss of greater than 90% of circulating CD4+ T cells, sustained decreases in CD20+ B cells, failure to elicit virus-binding antibodies in plasma, and high levels of antigenemia. Slower-progressing animals had moderate but varying losses of CD4+ T cells; showed increases in circulating CD20+ B cells; mounted vigorous responses to antibodies in plasma, including neutralizing antibodies; and had low or undetectable levels of antigenemia. Rapid progression led to death within 30 weeks after intrarectal inoculation. Plasma antigenemia at 2 weeks after inoculation (P < or = 0.002), B- and T-cell losses (P < or = 0.013), and failure to seroconvert (P < or = 0.005) were correlated statistically with rapid progression. Correlations were evident by 2 to 4 weeks after intrarectal SHIV inoculation, indicating that early events in the host-pathogen interaction determined the clinical outcome.
Spectral density response functions for modulated polarimeters (2015)

Conventional imaging devices are often compared using their optical transfer functions (OTFs) in space and their impulse responses in time. Modulated polarimeters cannot be directly compared this way, since they are frequency multiplexed. Here we define a spectral density response function that describes how the spectral density matrix of the Stokes parameters for an object transfers through a modulated polarimeter. This response function facilitates the objective comparison of polarimeters in a way that is analogous to the OTF for conventional imaging systems. The spectral density response is used to calculate a Wiener filter for a rotating analyzer polarimeter as an example of filter optimization for modulated polarimetry.
UNDERSTANDING STANDARD OFDM WIMAX SIGNAL ACCESS IN RADIO OVER FIBER SYSTEM (2009)

Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has attracted much industry and research interest to extend the wireless cell coverage and reduce the cost by using the distributed remote antenna units (RAUs). However, the efiective transmission flber length in the RoF systems would be limited due to the time division duplex (TDD) mode used in the practical WiMAX access. Here, we study the transmission limitations and performances of the standard WiMAX signal for RoF systems. The throughputs and packet-losses at difierent flber lengths are also investigated and analyzed. Besides, in order to increase the emitting power of the RAUs, a robust TDD switching mechanism is proposed in each RAU for RoF system.
MALDI‐TOF MS: an upcoming tool for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms (2013)

MALDI-TOF MS profiling for microorganism detection has already been demonstrated in the 1990s, but has evolved to the first-line identification method in many laboratories just during the past five years. While this application of MALDI-TOF MS has proven its broad applicability, accuracy, robustness, and cost-effectiveness it is of particular interest to expand the capabilities of the mass spectrometric platform. Resistance detection is the most desirable further application of MALDI-TOF MS in microbiology, but maybe also the most challenging. Different approaches have been published regarding diverse antibiotic drugs and distinct microorganism classes. The current review shall give an overview about the developments of the recent years and their potential to get transformed in clinical useful assays in the future.
BIGART 2019 – adapting to the future (2019)

Once again, an ACTA ONCOLOGICA Symposium was devoted to biological image-guided adaptive radiotherapy (BIGART) and its related activities, and once again, about 200 clinicians and scientists were g...
3D MRI of explanted sheep hearts with submillimeter isotropic spatial resolution: comparison between diffusion tensor and structure tensor imaging (2021)

This study demonstrated the feasibility of high-resolution MRI for studying the myocyte and myolaminar architecture of sheep hearts. We presented the results of STI on three whole sheep ex vivo hearts and demonstrated a good correspondence between DTI and STI.
Electric field measurement with Electro-Optic sensor of high power W-band gyrotron (2016)

We present electric field measurement with Electro-Optic (EO) sensor of high power W-band gyrotron. EO sensors serve as minimally invasive field receivers as compared to metal-based electronic field probes. A rectangular waveguide WR-10 for W-band is used in order to calibrate the probe since the field strength inside the waveguide can be accurately calculated based on the output power measured by RF power meter. Then, the performance of the sensor is evaluated by high power W-band gyrotron and its measurement result of power is compared with that of calorimeter.
Early expression of a β1‐adrenergic receptor and catecholamines in Xenopus oocytes and embryos (1997)

From a Xenopus stage 11 cDNA library, we have cloned a gene, termed X-beta1AR, whose sequence is highly homologous to that of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor. As shown by RT-PCR assay, X-beta1AR RNA is present in the mature oocyte, decreases after fertilization up to stage 6 and then gradually increases during gastrulation. Binding studies performed with radiolabeled ligands reveal that X-beta1AR RNA is translated into the receptor protein. Furthermore, noradrenaline and adrenaline are also detected in oocytes and early embryos. The concomitant presence of beta1-adrenergic receptors and catecholamines suggest that this ligand-receptor couple could play a role in the very early stages of embryonic development.
Supplemental Figure 3 from BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Enhance Efficacy and Disrupt Resistance to AR Antagonists in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;De-recruitment of BRD2/3/4 from the SRSF1 and U2AF1 promoter by JQ1.&lt;/p&gt;
Ge-on-Si Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Low-Cost Photodetectors (2015)

The development of low-thermal-budget Ge-on-Si epitaxial growth for the fabrication of low-cost Ge-on-Si devices is highly desirable for the field of silicon photonics. At present, most Ge-on-Si growth techniques require high growth temperatures, followed by cyclic annealing at temperatures > 800°C, often for a period of several hours. Here, we present a low-temperature (400°C) low-cost plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) Ge-on-Si growth study and, subsequently, fabricate a high-speed zero-bias 12.5-Gb/s waveguide integrated photodetector with a responsivity of 0.1 A/W at a wavelength of 1550 nm. This low-energy device demonstrates the feasibility of the PECVD method for the fabrication of low-cost low-thermal-budget Ge-on-Si devices.
Using molecular chemokine adjuvants to target the germinal center reaction and enhance HIV-specific humoral responses to DNA immunogens in the mucosa or the periphery (2017)

Abstract The germinal center (GC) is a dynamic cellular substructure found in lymphoid organs where follicular helper T cells (TFH) provide the necessary proliferation stimuli and cytokine signaling that promote antibody classs-witching and affinity maturation of B cell receptors. DNA vaccines have demonstrated great potential as vaccine immunogens and in vivo electroporation (EP) has enhanced this immunogenicity. The ability to deliver plasmid encoded molecular adjuvants to direct immune responses is an advantage of the DNA platform. Mucosa-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC, or CCL28) is secreted by epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces, it signals through CC-chemokine receptors 10 and 3 (CCR10 and CCR3) which are expressed on IgA+ plasma cells, TH17 cells, and mucosa-resident antigen presenting cells. IL-12 is a T cell stimulating cytokine that promotes a helper-T cell phenotype. Mice were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with either consensus HIV-1 env DNA alone or DNA plus molecular MEC or IL-12 delivered by in vivo EP. Fourteen days post vaccination, animals were sacrificed and spleens and draining lymph nodes were harvested for flow cytometric analysis. Both MEC and IL-12 significantly increased antigen-specific GC B cells (B220+CD138−Igm−IgD−PNA+CXCR5+gp120+) (11.1% and 8.91% respectively, compared to 6% with DNA alone). Antigen specific isotype- ELISA confirmed that MEC increases IgA in serum (900ng/ml compare to 600ng/ml with DNA alone) and fecal extracts (27ng/ml compared to 22ng/ml), while IL-12 increases IgG in serum alone (2200ng/ml compared to 1300ng/ml with DNA alone). These data indicate that molecular adjuvants can be used to specifically direct immune responses to the mucosa or the periphery.
Influence of Substitutional Atoms on the Solubility Limit of Carbon in B.c.c. Iron (2012)

No clear-cut information is available with regard to the effect of foreign atoms on the solubility limit of C in b.c.c. iron despite many previous studies. Against this backdrop, the influence of substitutional atoms (Mn, Cr, P, Si, Al) on the solubility limit of C in b.c.c. iron in equilibrium with cementite was investigated in low-carbon steels at a temperature of 700°C. In detail, the C solubility limit was determined from internal friction measurements combined with infrared analysis of C using a high-frequency combustion technique. It has been clarified that Mn, Cr, and Al hardly change the C solubility limit, whereas P and Si increase it. The thermodynamical calculation indicates that, under para equilibrium Si increases the C solubility limit and Mn hardly changes it, while under ortho equilibrium Mn and Si decrease it. However, the present experimental condition was verified to be close to ortho form. The discrepancy between the experiments and the calculations seems to come from the fact that: 1) single solute C atoms and the C atoms combined as Substitute-C complex are not distinguished experimentally, and 2) in the regular solution model, the non-uniform distribution of C atoms around alloying atoms is not introduced into the entropy term, which is something that should be studied further in the future.
Picosecond studies of the temperature dependence of homogeneous and inhomogeneous vibrational linewidth broadening in liquid acetonitrile (1984)

The temperature dependence of homogeneous and inhomogeneous vibrational linewidth broadening is reported for the symmetric CH3-stretching vibration in acetonitrile over its entire liquid range at P=1 atm. A selective excite-and-probe vibrational dephasing experiment based on transient stimulated Raman scattering in high laser depletion is used to measure the homogeneous dephasing times T2. The separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening processes is accomplished using the combined results of isotropic spontaneous Raman studies and selective picosecond vibrational dephasing experiments. As a function of temperature, the relative contributions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening are shown to change significantly in opposing directions. Agreement between experiment and theory supports previous suggestions that homogeneous broadening is caused by rapidly varying processes which affect the vibration via short range repulsive forces. The results also suggest that inhomogeneous broadening is caused by slowly varying local density sites which interact with the vibration through long range attractive forces.
Can You Fool Me? Towards Automatically Checking Protocol Gullibility. (2008)

Abstract – We consider the task of automatically evaluating protocol gullibility, that is, the ability of some of the participants to subvert the protocol without the knowledge of the others. We explain how this problem can be formalized as a game between honest and manipulative participants. We identify the challenges underlying this problem and outline several techniques to address them. Finally, we describe the design of a preliminary prototype for checking protocol gullibility and show that it can uncover vulnerabilities in the ECN protocol. 1.