gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Al 2 O 3 –B 4 C–Al Composite Material Systems via Pressureless Infiltration Methods (2009)

Modification of the Al 2 O 3 –Al system's chemistry via the addition of B 4 C is described and is shown to result in fully dense structures via wetting techniques at high temperatures, without the need for pressure‐assisted infiltration. The relationships between the surface area of boron carbide and alumina powders, the effectiveness of infiltration, the material chemistry following infiltration, and the resulting mechanical properties of Al 2 O 3 –B 4 C–Al composites are evaluated. Additional approaches, including the incorporation of aluminum metal powder as an additional wetting agent before infiltration, are described in conjunction with a variation of both the surface areas and the volumetric ratios of inert Al 2 O 3 to reactive B 4 C phases. These methods can provide the means to achieve low‐cost metal matrix composites in both vacuum and argon infiltration environments, and represent an approach that enables the generation of articles with complex geometries, requiring minimal secondary finishing treatment.
Two xanthones from Root Bark of Calophyllum inophyllum. (1995)

Two new xanthones, named caloxanthones A and B, were isolated from the root bark of Calophyllum inophyllum, in addition to known xanthones (macluraxanthone and 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone) and (−)-epicatechin. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, in particular, by 2D NMR techniques.
In vivomolecular microimaging of pulmonary aspergillosis (2012)

The early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is challenging. Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is a new technique that allows in vivo imaging of the lung microstructure during bronchoscopy. In this study, we investigated the ability of FCFM to detect a fluorescent peptide-tracer bound to Aspergillus fumigatus in experimental IPA in 13 immunosuppressed, non-neutropenic rats. Subpleural IPA microabscesses were imaged through a transthoracic window using FCFM in vivo after i.v. injection of the c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH2([FITC]) peptide (n = 7) or saline. Results were compared to 10 immunosuppressed, non-infected rats and to six immunosuppressed Geosmithia argillacea-infected rats with and without i.v. injection of the peptide. The peptide in vitro specifically labeled A. fumigatus grown under biofilm growth conditions but not G. argillacea. In vivo, FCFM showed a local infiltration of fluorescent host cells in both Aspergillus and Geosmithia infections. Lung/inner thoracic wall fluorescence intensity ratio (FI) did not differ before and after peptide administration on healthy lung areas, on non-specific inflammatory areas, or on Geosmithia micro-abscesses. In contrast, FI increased from 1.05 without peptide to 1.83 after peptide injection on Aspergillus micro-abscesses (p < 0.0001). In peptide-injected rats, FI from IPA foci was higher than from non-specific inflammation or from Geosmithia abscesses (p ≤ 0.002). Using c(CGGRLFPC)-NH2([FITC]) peptide, FCFM allows the in vivo specific imaging of pulmonary aspergillosis. These data provide the basis for the in vivo diagnosis of human pulmonary aspergillosis using alveolar confocal endomicroscopy.
Silicon photonic integrated circuit for co-packaging with switch ASIC (2021)

Data center IP traffic is doubling every 2.5 years, driving the need to scale connectivity bandwidth on a similar cadence. At higher data rates the electrical link reach shrinks but energy efficiency does not improve significantly. Co-packaging optics close to ASICs enables data throughput scaling by reducing the SERDES power and hence overall power due to shorter electrical channels. Despite the advantages, co-packaging optics next to electronics can be challenging. This paper reviews Intel’s advancements in demonstrating industry’s first fully operational Silicon Photonic integrated circuit co-packaged with switch ASICs, describing in detail component level, integrated photonic integrated circuit (PIC) level, and transceiver module level design and performance.
Kinetics of coal pyrolysis (1989)

This report contains results of a coordinated, multi-laboratory investigation of coal devolatilization. Data is reported pertaining to the devolatilization for bituminous coals over three orders of magnitude in apparent heating rate (100 to 100,000 + {degree}C/sec), over two orders of magnitude in particle size (20 to 700 microns), final particle temperatures from 400 to 1600{degree}C, heat transfer modes ranging from convection to radiative, ambient pressure ranging from near vacuum to one atmosphere pressure. The heat transfer characteristics of the reactors are reported in detail. It is assumed the experimental results are to form the basis of a devolatilization data base. Empirical rate expressions are developed for each phase of devolatilization which, when coupled to an awareness of the heat transfer rate potential of a particular devolatilization reactor, indicate the kinetics emphasized by a particular system reactor plus coal sample. The analysis indicates the particular phase of devolatilization that will be emphasized by a particular reactor type and, thereby, the kinetic expressions appropriate to that devolatilization system. Engineering rate expressions are developed from the empirical rate expressions in the context of a fundamental understanding of coal devolatilization developed in the course of the investigation. 164 refs., 223 figs., 44 tabs.
Candidate Biomarkers for Genetic and Clinicopathological Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer (2013)

The recent increase in the frequency of endometrial cancer has emphasized the need for accurate diagnosis and improved treatment. The current diagnosis is still based on conventional pathological indicators, such as clinical stage, tumor differentiation, invasion depth and vascular invasion. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying endometrial cancer have gradually been determined, due to developments in molecular biology, leading to the possibility of new methods of diagnosis and treatment planning. New candidate biomarkers for endometrial cancer include those for molecular epigenetic mutations, such as microRNAs. These biomarkers may permit earlier detection of endometrial cancer and prediction of outcomes and are likely to contribute to future personalized therapy for endometrial cancer.
Human-Aware Robot Task Planning with Robot Execution Time Estimation (2022)

When robots work with humans for a collaborative task, they need to plan their actions while taking humans’ actions into account. The state-of-the-art optimization-based human-aware task planner plans robot actions by prioritizing the actions that are parallel to the human's actions. However, the limitation of this approach is that the robot execution time for each action, which is an important parameter for the optimization problem, is fixed. In this paper, we investigate how online robot execution time estimation can increase the time efficiency of such a human-aware task planner. We propose a direct time estimation method and an analytical time estimation method. An integrated task and trajectory planning framework is also presented. Experiments show that online robot execution time estimation increases the time efficiency of the collaborative task. Moreover, the results of the direct time estimation method are more accurate than those of the analytical method.
Terahertz Polarimetric Sensing for Linear Encoder Based on a Resonant-Tunneling-Diode and CFRP polarizing plates (2019)

We report the first experimental results on the linear encoder based on a resonant-tunneling-diode (RTD) and a periodic linear array of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates as a scale. By using polarization dependent reflection signal, we were able to detect the incremental position in a non-contact manner.
Development of frequency-analysis equipment capable of judging propagation direction of conductive EMI (2014)

Power electronics (PE) are an important technology for energy saving. However, PE apparatuses may emit electromagnetic interference (EMI) originated from the switching operation of power semiconductor devices. When EMI occurs in a system that includes many PE apparatuses, it is not easy to determine which one is the noise source. This paper applies high-speed sampling and signal-processing technologies to a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to develop a frequency-analysis equipment that can judge the propagation direction of conductive EMI from 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Validity and usefulness of the proposed frequency analyzer is confirmed experimentally.
FTIR characterization of scaled-up photonic crystal structures (2003)

Micron-scale, two-dimensional photonic crystal devices fabricated using standard microelectronics technology can be used as a step in the development of sub-micron-scale devices. Transmission and reflection spectra are obtained for micron-scale devices using FTIR microspectroscopy.
Comments on "On Conjoint Analysis and Quantal Choice Models" (1980)

Two points touched upon in the Madansky paper (this issue) could use
elaboration, and a third point needs to be introduced. The first point is
sufficiently obvious to those who work on the theoretical aspects of
measurement theory, but perhaps it is not so obvious to those with
applied proclivities.
Altered miRNA expression patterns in Tff2 knock-out mice correlate with cellular pathways of neoplastic development and caloric metabolism (2012)

The trefoil peptide family, consisting in mammals of three members namely TFF1, 2 and 3, plays a cytoprotective role in epithelial cells of various tissues, mainly in the digestive tract. Tff1, Tff2 or Tff3 knock-out mouse models developed various kinds of gastrointestinal impairment. microRNAs are known to be novel gene regulators. We aimed to investigate the physiological role of such miRNAs in Tff2 knock-out mice. Whole miRNome profiling and in silico analysis were performed for Tff2-KO and WT mice. Our latest data explored the role of miRNAs in the regulatory cascades and molecular processes of Tff2-/- mice. As much as 6% of the Tff2-KO mice miRNome was significantly dys-regulated. Further in silico analysis suggests that the respective dys-regulated part of the miRNome is involved in human pathological processes, including pancreatic, colorectal and basal cell cancer. Additionally, the dys-regulated miRNome targets pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism and adipocytokine signaling. The latter links deficient caloric maintenance in Tff2 and previous observation in Tff3-KO mice with miRNAs. In summary, our proof-of-concept study indicates that miRNAs may play an important role in the regulatory processes of the trefoil peptide family, especially in the regulation of cancer-related cascades.
ChemInform Abstract: EIN NEUES VERFAHREN ZUR EPIMERISIERUNG VON ALPHA‐AMINO‐AETHERN (1972)

Abstract Die Isomerisierung von α‐Aminoäthem wird anhand des bicyclischen VeF treters (I) untersucht, der bei der Behandlung mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff (oder auch mit Chloroform) in Gegenwart von Methanol über Addukte und Spaltprodukte (II)‐(IV) zu einem Gemisch aus dem Ausgangsmaterial (I) und dem Isomeren (V) führt, die beide mit Acetanhydrid zu (VII) gespalten werden.
CLEAR CONCEPT OF ROAD ENVIRONMENT IN THE FUTURE (1981)

The main goal of the road environmental concept is to decrease the material loss and the number of injured persons and fatalities in cases when a vehicle leaves the road. In order to achieve this in reasonable and financially acceptable terms, a free zone outside the pavement margin has been designed for safe vehicle control maintenance. This paper discusses some of the initial results of the investigations on which the concept has been based and actual tendencies have been applied. The publication of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Guide for Selecting, Locating and Designing Traffic Barriers has served as an information source for the application of this concept. Some specific examples of barriers which should be eliminated in order to make the road environment safer (trees, safety posts, slope of embankment etc) have been given and a short reference list has been added. (TRRL)
Modeling and Validation of Damped Plexiglas Windows for Noise Control (2003)

Windows are a significant path for structure-borne and air-borne noise transmission in general aviation aircraft. In this paper, numerical and experimental results are used to evaluate damped plexiglas windows for the reduction of structure-borne and air-borne noise transmitted into the interior of an aircraft. In contrast to conventional homogeneous windows, the damped plexiglas windows were fabricated using two or three layers of plexiglas with transparent viscoelastic damping material sandwiched between the layers. Transmission loss and radiated sound power measurements were used to compare different layups of the damped plexiglas windows with uniform windows of the same nominal thickness. This vibro-acoustic test data was also used for the verification and validation of finite element and boundary element models of the damped plexiglas windows. Numerical models are presented for the prediction of radiated sound power for a point force excitation and transmission loss for diffuse acoustic excitation. Radiated sound power and transmission loss predictions are in good agreement with experimental data. Once validated, the numerical models were used to perform a parametric study to determine the optimum configuration of the damped plexiglas windows for reducing the radiated sound power for a point force excitation.
Inhibition of Bacterial Virulence: Drug‐Like Molecules Targeting the Salmonella enterica PhoP Response Regulator (2012)

Two-component signal transduction (TCST) is the predominant signaling scheme used in bacteria to sense and respond to environmental changes in order to survive and thrive. A typical TCST system consists of a sensor histidine kinase to detect external signals and an effector response regulator to respond to external changes. In the signaling scheme, the histidine kinase phosphorylates and activates the response regulator, which functions as a transcription factor to modulate gene expression. One promising strategy toward antibacterial development is to target TCST regulatory systems, specifically the response regulators to disrupt the expression of genes important for virulence. In Salmonella enterica, the PhoQ/PhoP signal transduction system is used to sense and respond to low magnesium levels and regulates the expression for over 40 genes necessary for growth under these conditions, and more interestingly, genes that are important for virulence. In this study, a hybrid approach coupling computational and experimental methods was applied to identify drug-like compounds to target the PhoP response regulator. A computational approach of structure-based virtual screening combined with a series of biochemical and biophysical assays was used to test the predictability of the computational strategy and to characterize the mode of action of the compounds. Eight compounds from virtual screening inhibit the formation of the PhoP-DNA complex necessary for virulence gene regulation. This investigation served as an initial case study for targeting TCST response regulators to modulate the gene expression of a signal transduction pathway important for bacterial virulence. With the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to current antibiotics, targeting TCST response regulators that control virulence is a viable strategy for the development of antimicrobial therapeutics with novel modes of action.
Nonparametric modeling of single neuron (2008)

Nonlinear dynamic models were built with Volterra Lagurre kernel method to characterize the input-output properties of single hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Broadband Poisson random impulse trains with a 2 Hz mean frequency, which include the majorities of the spike patterns in behaving rats, were used to stimulate the Schaffer collaterals. Corresponding random-interval post-synaptic potential (PSP) and spike train data were recorded from the cell bodies using whole-cell recording technique and then analyzed with the nonlinear dynamic model. The model consists of two major components, i.e., a feedforward three order Volterra kernel model characterizing the transformation of presynaptic stimulations to pre-threshold PSPs, and a feedback one order Volterra kernel model capturing the spike-triggered after-potential. Results showed that the model could predict 1) the sub-threshold PSPs trace with a normalized mean square error around 10% and 2) the spikes with accuracy higher than 80%.
Detection of and compensation for blocked elements using large coherent apertures: ex vivo studies (2016)

When imaging with ultrasound through the chest wall, it is not uncommon for parts of the array to get blocked by ribs, which can limit the acoustic window and significantly impede visualization of the structures of interest. With the development of large-aperture, high-element-count, 2-D arrays and their potential use in transthoracic imaging, detecting and compensating for the blocked elements is becoming increasingly important. We synthesized large coherent 2-D apertures and used them to image a point target through excised samples of canine chest wall. Blocked elements are detected based on low amplitude of their signals. As a part of compensation, blocked elements are turned off on transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx), and point-target images are created using: coherent summation of the remaining channels, compounding of intercostal apertures, and adaptive weighting of the available Tx/Rx channel-pairs to recover the desired k-space response. The adaptive compensation method also includes a phase aberration correction to ensure that the non-blocked Tx/Rx channel pairs are summed coherently. To evaluate the methods, we compare the point-spread functions (PSFs) and near-field clutter levels for the transcostal and control acquisitions. Specifically, applying k-space compensation to the sparse aperture data created from the control acquisition reduces sidelobes from -6.6 dB to -12 dB. When applied to the transcostal data in combination with phase-aberration correction, the same method reduces sidelobes only by 3 dB, likely due to significant tissue induced acoustic noise. For the transcostal acquisition, turning off blocked elements and applying uniform weighting results in maximum clutter reduction of 5 dB on average, while the PSF stays intact. Compounding reduces clutter by about 3 dB while the k-space compensation increases clutter magnitude to the non-compensated levels.
Evaluation of a Dual-Channel Full Dynamic Range Compression System for People with Sensorineural Hearing Loss (1992)

This article describes an evaluation of an in the ear hearing aid, which applies fast-acting full dynamic range compression independently in two frequency bands. This can compensate for the loudness recruitment typically associated with sensorineural hearing loss. The crossover frequency between the two bands and the gain and compression ratio in each band are programmable to suit the individual patient. Twenty subjects with moderate sensorineural hearing loss were tested in a counterbalanced order using the aid programmed as a linear amplifier (condition L) and as a two-band compressor (condition C). All subjects were fitted binaurally. Subjects were also tested without hearing aids (condition U) and using the hearing aids that they normally wore (condition Own). Speech intelligibility was measured in quiet at three sound levels (50, 65, and 80 dB SPL), and speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in 12-talker babble were measured under monaurally and binaurally aided conditions, with the speech and babble both coincident and spatially separated. In condition C, speech intelligibility in quiet was high at all sound levels. Speech intelligibility at the two lower levels decreased in condition L, and decreased still further in conditions Own and U. Condition C gave, on average, better speech intelligibility in babble (lower SRTs) than conditions L, Own, or U. The advantage of condition C over condition L varied across subjects and was correlated with the dynamic range for tones at high frequencies; small dynamic ranges were associated with greater benefit from compression. A significant advantage for binaural aiding was found both when the speech and noise were spatially separated and when they were coincident. The binaural advantage was similar for the C and L conditions, indicating that the independent compression at the two ears did not adversely affect the use of binaural cues. Questionnaires on the subjects' experiences with the aids in everyday life indicated that they generally preferred condition C over condition L.
Total Syntheses of the Tylophora Alkaloids Cryptopleurine (Ia), (‐)‐Antofine (Ib), (‐)‐Tylophorine (Ic), and (‐)‐Ficuseptine C (Id). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optimal Mode Selection by Cross-Layer Decomposition in D2D Cellular Networks (2020)

Direct communication among user equipments, called Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, is envisioned in academia and industry to enhance future cellular networks for increased spectral efficiency. Mode selection considers the question which links should be offloaded to use direct communication mode and is one of the core questions in D2D research. In this work, we ask the question which information needs to be exchanged between a remote mode selection controller and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to allow optimal operation without the burden of a full-fledged cross-layer optimization. We formulate mode selection as utility maximization with cross-layer decomposition and solve it using the Generalized Benders Decomposition technique. The result is a nested offloading structure, in which the network controller regularly updates its mode selection decision while in the meantime, the network operates in a particular fashion, gathering information to enable better future mode selection decisions. We show that the proposed structure allows achieving an optimal mode selection configuration within a finite number of optimization steps for any non-negative utility function. Due to our general network model, the solution is applicable to a variety of system set-ups, including overlay and underlay D2D, with and without power control and single or multi-antenna systems.
An Analytical Theory of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Hall Plates with Four Contacts and a Single Mirror Symmetry (2018)

This work gives an analytical theory of the signal-to-thermal-noise ratio (SNR) of classical Hall plates with four contacts at small magnetic field. In contrast to previous works, the symmetry of the Hall plates is reduced to only a single mirror axis, whereby the average of potentials of the two output contacts off this mirror axis differs from the average of potentials at the two supply contacts on the mirror axis, i.e. the output common mode differs from 50%. Surprisingly, at fixed power dissipated in the Hall plate, the maximum achievable SNR is only 9% smaller for output common modes of 30% and 70% when compared to the overall optimum at output common modes of 50%. The theory is applied to Vertical Hall effect devices with three contacts on the top surface and one contact being the buried layer in a silicon BiC-MOS process. Geometries are found with large contacts and only a moderate loss in SNR.