gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational investigation of multi-phase flow effects on the performance of the steam turbine exhaust hood (2020)

In this research work, a computational modeling of multi-phase flow through an asymmetric exhaust hood is presented. The three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations along with the standard [Formula: see text] turbulent model and the Eulerian–Eulerian multi-phase equations were solved. The coupling of the last stage turbine blades and the exhaust hood has been carried out using the actuator disc model, which is less computationally demanding. The finite volume-based commercial computational fluid dynamics solver, ANSYS FLUENT, is used for the present numerical simulations. The effects of wetness on the flow structure and the pressure recovery capacity of a steam turbine exhaust hood have been investigated. One of the salient findings is that the pressure recovery capacity of a steam turbine exhaust hood enhances due to wetness effects. Wetness-induced turbulence damping is noted to be playing a crucial role in the enhancement of pressure recovery capacity of an exhaust hood.
Comparative anticoagulant activity and influence on thrombin generation of dextran derivatives and of a fucoidan fraction (1998)

CMDBS compounds are synthetic dextran derivatives with a random distribution of glucosyl units substituted with carboxymethyl, benzylamide, sulfonate, and sulfate groups. Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds. CMDBS and fucoidans exhibit anticoagulant activity which depends on their chemical composition and molecular weight. Tested with purified proteins, these compounds catalyse thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) inhibition mainly via heparin cofactor II (HCII). We investigated the mechanism involved in the anticoagulant activity of these polysaccharides relative to that of heparin. Three CMDBS with different chemical compositions were studied to evaluate the effect of sulfate and sulfonate groups on the anticoagulant activity. The fucoidan fraction was extracted from the brown seaweed Ascophylum nodosum. The clotting assays (activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, prothrombin time) were significantly prolonged in the presence of CMDBS and fucoidan, which were less active than heparin. To investigate the action mechanism of these polysaccharides, thrombin generation tests (TGT) were performed on human plasma in the presence of several CMDBS and a fucoidan fraction. The results showed an inhibition of thrombin generation in contact-activated plasma in the presence of both polysaccharides, with a prolonged lag phase preceding the burst of thrombin generation. In thromboplastin-activated plasma, thrombin generation was inhibited by CMDBS and fucoidan, with a prolonged lag phase only in the presence of CMDBS. The data obtained with each polysaccharide, compared to those obtained with heparin (our study) and hirudin (published data), led to hypothesize that fucoidan could act, like heparin, by forming complexes with the inhibitor (although antithrombin (AT) in the case of heparin, and HCII for fucoidan), while CMDBS could act, like hirudin, by forming complexes with thrombin.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Construction of the Hydroquinoline Ring System. Diastereodivergent Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted cis‐Decahydroquinolines. (2010)

Abstract Straightforward, diastereodivergent approaches to 2,5‐disubstituted cis‐decahydroquinolines are developed which allow the synthesis of the alkaloid pumiliotoxin C (VIII) and diastereomers [cf.
Directly coupled chromatography-atomic spectroscopy. Part 2. Directly coupled liquid chromatography-atomic spectroscopy. A review (1987)

L. Ebdon, S. Hill and R. W. Ward, Analyst, 1987, 112, 1 DOI: 10.1039/AN9871200001
A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings (2022)

The GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by clinicians and researchers to determine the glycemic effects of prescribed and investigational treatments.
Abstract 3631: Modulation of monocyte- and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis and cytotoxicity (ADCP/ADCC) by Fc engineering of therapeutic antibodies (2014)

Abstract Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies contribute to elimination of tumor cells by different mechanisms including blocking of receptor signaling, induction of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and induction of adaptive immunity. FcγR-expressing monocytes and macrophages have recently been identified as important immune effectors contributing to the activity of monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Therefore, we analyzed the FcγR-dependent effector functions mediated by both cell subsets upon treatment with glycoengineered (GE) antibodies (having enhanced FcγRIIIa (CD16a) binding affinity), wild-type (WT), and Fc-mutated antibodies that lack binding to FcγRs (P329G LALA mutation). Trastuzumab, cetuximab, rituximab and ofatumumab were used as WT antibodies, whereas GE trastuzumab, GA201 (targeting EGFR) and GA101 (targeting CD20) were used as GE antibodies. To better reflect the plasticity of myeloid lineage cells we evaluated the activities on classical and non-classical/intermediate monocytes, M1 and M2c macrophages. We found that GE and WT antibodies displayed comparable binding and induced similar monocyte/macrophage-mediated ADCC and ADCP in absence of unspecific endogenous IgGs. Interestingly, in their presence, i.e. in a situation that more closely mimics physiological conditions, GE antibodies displayed significantly superior binding and induced higher levels of ADCC/ADCP compared to WT antibodies. Data collected by imaging further indicated that the degree of phagocytized cells is higher and faster in presence of GE antibodies and that M2c macrophages perform serial phagocytosis by engulfing 2-3 tumor cells. Fc-mutated P329G LALA variant showed no binding and no functional activity. A direct comparison of the three anti-CD20 antibodies (GA101, rituximab and ofatumumab), pointed out that GA101 mediated significantly stronger elimination of tumor cells further underscoring the relevance of combination of both glycoengineering and cell death induction for monocyte/macrophage-mediated killing of tumor cells. These data show, for the first time that, in addition to enhancing NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), glycoengineering also enhances monocyte and macrophage cytotoxic and phagocytic activities through enhanced binding to FcγRIIIa under conditions that more closely resemble the physiological setting. Citation Format: Herter Sylvia, Christian Klein, Martina Birk, Thomas Weber, Pablo Umana, Marina Bacac. Modulation of monocyte- and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis and cytotoxicity (ADCP/ADCC) by Fc engineering of therapeutic antibodies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3631. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3631
Distributed Intelligence (2017)

The ability to incorporate intelligence in even small devices and to make use of contextual information from widely deployed sensors has already begun to change management paradigms. As edge computing and IoT become more prevalent, systems will increasingly consist of cooperating, heterogeneous, distributed, autonomous elements. Architectures for cognitive, collaborative systems are evolving to deal with such complex environments. Concepts from multi-agent systems and autonomic computing are being applied to cope with the scope and breadth of large collections of interacting devices and services. Technologies for security and access control must evolve as well. Policy-based mechanisms are widely used and have been very successful in protecting information and controlling access to systems and services. They tend to rely, however, on a centralized infrastructure and on the automated enforcement of directives. Newer paradigms are being investigated that allow policy structures to be more dynamic and contextual, while still preserving the desired levels of control. We will present trends in the evolution of architectures for distributed, federated systems, and the technologies for managing them.
Is an Extended 20-Core Prostate Biopsy Protocol More Efficient than the Standard 12-Core? A Randomized Multicenter Trial (2013)

Our findings suggest that there is no significant advantage in using a 20-core biopsy protocol vs 12-core protocol during an initial prostate biopsy.
Mechanism of inhibition of Na+-bile acid cotransport during chronic ileal inflammation in rabbits (1998)

In the chronically inflamed ileum, unique mechanisms of alteration of similar transport processes suggest regulation by different immune-inflammatory mediator pathways. In a rabbit model of chronic ileitis, we previously demonstrated that Na+-glucose cotransport was inhibited by a decrease in the cotransporter numbers, whereas Na+-amino acid cotransport was inhibited by a decrease in the affinity for the amino acid. In this study, we demonstrated that Na+-bile acid cotransport was reduced in villus cells from the chronically inflamed ileum. In villus cell brush-border membrane vesicles from the chronically inflamed ileum, Na+-bile acid cotransport was reduced as well, suggesting a direct effect at the cotransporter itself. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Na+-bile acid cotransport was inhibited by both a decrease in the affinity as well as a decrease in the maximal rate of uptake of the bile acid. Analysis of steady-state mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels of the Na+-bile acid cotransporter also demonstrated some reduction during chronic ileitis. Thus, in the chronically inflamed ileum, the mechanisms of inhibition of Na+-glucose, Na+-amino acid, and Na+-bile acid cotransport are different. These data suggest that different cotransporters are uniquely altered either secondary to their intrinsic differences or by different immune-inflammatory mediators during chronic ileitis.
Damage from proton irradiation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1997)

Damage resulting from irradiating oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers became significant (threshold shift /spl ap/20%, peak power degradation /spl ap/20%) at fluence levels approaching 1/spl times/10/sup 13/ protons/cm/sup 2/. The threshold current shifted to higher values, and the peak light output power decreased. Forward-current annealing led to partial recovery of the performance of two of the three lasers for which annealing was attempted. Recent results on proton-implanted devices are summarized in a table.
Silicon-organic hybrid fabrication platform for integrated circuits (2012)

The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic cover materials constitutes the Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) fabrication platform, which shows innovative functionality for the making of integrated optical circuits. We report on experimental demonstrations of essential building blocks for transceivers, while relying only on well-known SOI processing steps and simple post processing of the organic materials.
Measurement uncertainty of time-based and voltage-based wheatstone bridge readout circuits (2015)

We investigate the uncertainty of a time-based approach to read out Wheatstone bridge circuits and we compare it to the classical voltage-based approach. The time-based approach utilizes electrical discharge time when the resistive sensor is connected to a charged capacitor. We compare both approaches based on measurement uncertainty models. Analytical equations are given and calculated for two integrated circuits (IC), Acam PS09 (time-based) and Texas Instruments ADS1220 (voltage-based). Expected value and measurement uncertainty are derived for both IC and parameters sorted by effect size on measurement uncertainty. Both models yield a measurement uncertainty in the range of 0.01% for a relative resistance change r=1E-2.
Phosphatidylserine Receptors Enhance SARS-CoV-2 Infection: AXL as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19 (2021)

Phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors are PS binding proteins that mediate uptake of apoptotic bodies. Many enveloped viruses utilize this PS/PS receptor mechanism to adhere to and internalize into the endosomal compartment of cells and this is termed apoptotic mimicry. For viruses that have a mechanism(s) of endosomal escape, apoptotic mimicry is a productive route of virus entry. We evaluated if PS receptors serve as cell surface receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and found that the PS receptors, AXL, TIM-1 and TIM-4, facilitated virus infection when low concentrations of the SARS-CoV-2 cognate receptor, ACE2, was present. Consistent with the established mechanism of PS receptor utilization by other viruses, PS liposomes competed with SARS-CoV-2 for binding and entry. We demonstrated that this PS receptor enhances SARS-CoV-2 binding to and infection of an array of human lung cell lines and is an under-appreciated but potentially important host factor facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry.
Targeting the Mycobacterium ulcerans cytochrome bc1:aa3 for the treatment of Buruli ulcer (2018)

Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical skin disease that is most commonly found in children from West and Central Africa. Despite the severity of the infection, therapeutic options are limited to antibiotics with severe side effects. Here, we show that M. ulcerans is susceptible to the anti-tubercular drug Q203 and related compounds targeting the respiratory cytochrome bc<sub>1</sub>:aa<sub>3</sub>. While the cytochrome bc<sub>1</sub>:aa<sub>3</sub> is the primary terminal oxidase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the presence of an alternate bd-type terminal oxidase limits the bactericidal and sterilizing potency of Q203 against this bacterium. M. ulcerans strains found in Buruli ulcer patients from Africa and Australia lost all alternate terminal electron acceptors and rely exclusively on the cytochrome bc<sub>1</sub>:aa<sub>3</sub> to respire. As a result, Q203 is bactericidal at low dose against M. ulcerans replicating in vitro and in mice, making the drug a promising candidate for Buruli ulcer treatment.
Deformation Analysis of Tripods under Static and Dynamic Loads (2009)

The deformation of tripods may significantly affect high precision measurements. Therefore it is necessary to have profound knowledge about the effect of static and dynamic loads (magnitude and temporal progress). This may be e.g. vertical deformations or torsions induced by mounting a tacheometer and executing automatic measurement processes. The effects are dependent on the stability of these ‘accessories’, which often are provided in a wide bandwith by the manufacturer, starting from a lowcost tripod up to a highend tripod for industrial measurements. This study investigates the effect of static and dynamic loads on different types of tripods and shortly outlines the reasonable application in relation to different measurement tasks and accuracy requirements. The work is a cooperation between TU Vienna and Leica Geosystems AG. For a priori theoretical simulations a Finite Element model of a tripod is created to design the experimental investigations. Because of the complexity of the mechanical system, the model is firstly restricted to the simulation of vertical static loadings. For the investigations of height stability, different sensors are evaluated. Considering measuring accuracy and capability for automatisation, it is decided to use a Leica DNA03
Piparazzi: a test program generator for micro-architecture flow verification (2004)

Because of their complexity, modern microprocessors need new tools that generate tests for micro-architectural events. Piparazzi is a test generator, developed at IBM, that generates (architectural) test programs for microarchitectural events. Piparazzi uses a declarative model of the micro-architecture and the user's definition of the required event to create an instance of a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). It then uses a dedicated CSP solver to generate a test program that covers the specific event. We show how Piparazzi yields significant improvements in covering micro-architectural events, by describing its technology and by exhibiting experimental results. Piparazzi has already been successful in finding both functional and performance bugs that could only be discovered using an exact micro-architectural model of the processor.
Characterisation and expression of a PP1 serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PfPP1) from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum: demonstration of its essential role using RNA interference (2002)

The high sequence similarity of PfPP1 with other PP1 members suggests conservation of function. Phenotypic gene knockdown studies using siRNA confirmed its essential role in the parasite. Detailed studies of PfPP1 and its regulation may unravel the role of reversible protein phosphorylation in the signalling pathways of the parasite, including glucose metabolism and parasitic cell division. The use of siRNA could be an important tool in the functional analysis of Apicomplexan genes.
Morphology and micromechanical deformation behavior of SB‐block copolymers. II. Influence of molecular architecture of asymmetric star block copolymers (2002)

Abstract The influence of molecular architecture on morphology, mechanical properties, and micromechanical deformation behavior of asymmetric styrene/butadiene star block copolymers is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and uniaxial tensile testing. In contrast to diblock copolymers, star block copolymers having 74% polystyrene (PS) show a lamellar morphology. Furthermore, tapered asymmetric star block copolymers having a PS core reveal additional PS domains inside the PB lamellae not observed in untapered star block copolymers. The introduction of tapered sequences in star block copolymers results in a significant improvement of tensile properties due to the increased interfacial width between the phases as well as differences in morphology. The investigated star block copolymers show a homogeneous plastic deformation of PS lamellae. This mechanism is called thin‐layer yielding of PS lamellae. The lamellae are locally deformed via inhomogeneous necking and drawing. Lamellae which are not oriented parallel to the load direction are twisted to the deformation direction. Neat star block copolymers (without tapered chains) exhibit a premature failure of PS lamellae arising from the decreased interfacial width, which results in a decrease of their ultimate strain. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 701–713, 2002
Abstract TP263: Whole Brain Screening of Cellular and Molecular Changes After Stroke (2016)

Objective: Recovery can occur after stroke in both human and animals, and this is attributed in part by rewiring of neural connections in areas adjacent to or remotely connected to the infarct. As stroke can cause brain-wide network changes, it is important to interrogate regenerative processes in the whole brain after stroke. In this study we use a high resolution 3D whole brain imaging technique called CLARITY to visualize the cellular and structural changes in stroke mice during recovery. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the CLARITY procedure will provide a more detailed and complete visualization of post-stroke regenerative processes in the whole brain. Material/Methods: We used C57Bl6 WT mice with 10-12 weeks of age. Ischemic stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion using an intraluminal suture. Mice were sacrificed at different time points (Post-stroke day 1, 7, 14 and 28) and brains were processed with the CLARITY protocol. Brains were immunostained repeatedly with antibodies for neurons, glia, oligodendrocytes, microglia/macrophages and blood vessels. Results: Stroke brains collected at different post-stroke timepoints became optically transparent after the CLARITY process. Interestingly, the ischemic area turned transparent for all timepoints except post-stroke day 7 and 28. At this time point the ischemic area remains opaque after CLARITY process, suggesting that the cellular composition at this timepoint is resistant to the CLARITY treatment. Immunostaining with MAP2 demonstrates labeling of neuronal processes in the whole brain. Current studies investigate other cell types and cellular processes, such as glial scarring (GFAP), microglia/macrophage accumulation (CD68) and angiogenesis (Collagen IV) to map the reorganization at the cellular level with high resolution in 3D whole brain. Conclusion: Stroke brains can be made optically transparent after the CLARITY process. This allows high resolution whole brain 3D imaging to probe for the cellular and molecular mechanisms during stroke recovery.
Abstracts from the 11th Symposium on Experimental Rhinology and Immunology of the Nose (SERIN 2017) (2017)

Introduction: There are few data available regarding natural history of local allergic rhinitis (LAR). We previously reported the results of the first 5-years of follow-up observing a similar rate of development of systemic allergic rhinitis (AR) in both LAR patients and healthy controls. Objective: To explore the natural history of a population with LAR and the development of AR and comorbidities over a 10 year period. Methods: A cohort of 194 patients with LAR of recent onset (<18 months) and 130 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively evaluated in a 10-year follow-up study (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016). All participants provided informed consent and ethic committee of the hospital approved the study. Clinical-demographic questionnaire, spirometry, SPT and specific IgE (sIgE) to aeroallergens were evaluated yearly. Nasal allergen provocation tests (NAPT) with D. pteronyssinus (DP), Alternaria, Olea europea, and grass pollen were performed at baseline, and after 5 and 10 years. Results: A total of 151 patients (78%) and 90 controls (69%) completed the study. At baseline, most patients had moderate-tosevere persistent-perennial rhinitis. Conjunctivitis (52%) and asthma (19%) were the main comorbidities, and DP the most frequent sensitizing aeroallergen (51.1%). During the 10 years of evaluation 21 new cases of asthma (12.5%, P = 0.007) and 17 new cases of conjunctivitis (10%, P = 0.067) were diagnosed. After 10 years of evolution a similar rate of development of AR was detected in patients and healthy controls (11.3 vs 10%, P = 0.761). In 5 patients, conversion to systemic atopy occurred in the last year of evaluation (3%). Conclusions: LAR is a well-differentiated clinical entity with a low rate of development of systemic atopy.
Field Evaluation of Transgenic Corn Containing a Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Insecticidal Protein Gene Against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1996)

Twelve independently transformed lines of transgenic corn (Zea mays L.) expressing the CryIA(b) insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were field tested to evaluate their resistance to the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Silks of the primary (=top) ears of transgenic [CryIA(b) positive] and isoline control plants [no CryIA(b) protein] were artificially infested with first-instar H. zea larvae and the length of ear penetration was measured after 19 d. Eight of the 12 lines had significantly less ear damage than their respective isoline controls; 3 transgenic lines reduced H. zea feeding damage by &amp;gt; 75% and stunted surviving H. zea larvae. Concentration of the CryIA(b) protein (μg/g fresh weight) in silks of the transgenic lines, determined using ELISA, ranged from 0.0 to 1.28 μg/g. Within transgenic lines, there was a weak (P &amp;lt; 0.06) negative relationship between the concentration of CryIA(b) protein in fresh silks and the length of H. zea ear penetration.