gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose titration of FITC-D for optimal measurement of enteric inflammation in broiler chicks (2015)

Traditionally, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been used in foodstock animals to reduce enteric inflammation and maintain intestinal homeostasis, thus improving growth and performance. Due to increasing restrictions regarding the use of AGP however, precise and high throughput enteric inflammation models and markers to search for effective alternatives are urgently needed. In this paper, oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d, 3-5 kDa) and its passage into blood was used as a marker for tight junction permeability. In experiement 1, broilers were assigned to a control group, a group which received 24 h feed restriction (FR), or a group which received dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (0.75% in water for 5 d), and each group then underwent an oral gavage of FITC-d 2.5 h before sample collection on d10. FITC-d in serum and intestinal samples (duodenum and ceca) were found to be higher (P<0.05) after FR than in the DSS and control groups. In experiment 2, FR was evaluated for its effect on mucosal leakage and an oral dose of FITC-d of 0.5, 1.1, or 2.2 mg/chick was used to measure the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability at 6 d of age. The amount of FITC-d remaining in the duodenal tissue of the control birds increased with dose, only the 1.1 mg FITC-d/chick dose resulted in differences (P<0.05) between the control and FR groups. No differences were noted between the control and FR groups, regardless of FITC-d dosage in cecal recovery of FITC-d. Additionally, FR increased FITC-d serum levels when compared to the control group and in a dose-dependent manner. Experiment 3 compared serum levels after administration of 0.55 and 1.1 mg/chick doses of FITC-d in birds treated with FR, rye-based diet (RBD), and DSS. Intestinal sections were collected for FITC-d recovery in the 1.1 mg dosage group. All inflammation treatments significantly increased serum FITC-d levels at both doses. Only FR resulted in increased (P<0.05) FITC-d recovery from duodenum, ileum, and ceca. In conclusion, FR, DSS, and RBD affected GIT tight junction integrity, suggesting their value for enteric inflammation models, and FITC-d may be a good indicator of permeability.
Effects of Neuro-Developmental Treatment and Orthoses on Knee Flexion During Gait: A Single-Subject Design (1990)

The interactive effects of neuro-developmental treatment and inhibitive ankle-height orthoses on gait were examined via a single-subject research design. Knee flexion during gait at initial contact, mid-stance, heel-off, and mid-swing were measured in a 2-year-old girl with diplegia by use of a goniometer and freeze-frame videography. During the treatment and treatment/orthoses phases, a decrease in excessive knee flexion was noted. Changes in trend over time were greater in the 3-week treatment phase than in the 3-week treatment/orthoses phase. Changes in level at the initiation of the treatment/orthoses phase were greater than in the treatment phase. The described neuro-developmental treatment activities were conducted correctly 92% of the time according to an independent observer. The interrater reliability of goniometric data measured by videography was .93 using intraclass correlation coefficients. The results of this study suggest that both methods of treatment can be used to decrease excessive knee flexion during gait in a child with diplegia.
Playing log(N)-Questions over Sentences (2019)

We propose a two-agent game wherein a questioner must be able to conjure discerning questions between sentences, incorporate responses from an answerer, and keep track of a hypothesis state. The questioner must be able to understand the information required to make its final guess, while also being able to reason over the game's text environment based on the answerer's responses. We experiment with an end-to-end model where both agents can learn simultaneously to play the game, showing that simultaneously achieving high game accuracy and producing meaningful questions can be a difficult trade-off.
A Simple Interferometric Method for Measuring the Fidelity of Phase Conjugated Beams (1991)

Abstract One of the most interesting properties of the process of nonlinear optical phase conjugation is the capability of compensating for aberrations. The quality of compensation can be determined by investigation of the wavefront. A simple interferometric method for measuring fidelity of phase conjugated beams which allows a quantitative evaluation with respect to the phase distribution is described. This method was used to investigate the quality of phase conjugation by four-wave mixing in saturable absorbers. Illustrative examples are presented for the case of a phase conjugating and an ordinary mirror.
Insights into the Topotactic Conversion Process from Layered Silicate RUB-36 to FER-type Zeolite by Layer ReassemblSilicate RUB-36 to FER-type Zeolite by Layer Reassembly (2013)

Insights into the Topotactic Conversion Process from Layered Silicate RUB-36 to FER-type Zeolite by Layer ReassemblSilicate RUB-36 to FER-type Zeolite by Layer Reassembly
Integrated high power VCSEL systems (2016)

High power VCSEL systems are a novel laser source used for thermal treatment in industrial manufacturing. These systems will be applied in many applications, which have not used a laser source before. This is enabled by the unique combination of efficiency, compactness and robustness. High power VCSEL system technology encompasses elements far beyond the VCSEL chip itself: i.e. heat sinks, bonding technology and integrated optics. This paper discusses the optimization of these components and processes specifically for building high-power laser systems with VCSEL arrays. New approaches help to eliminate components and process steps and make the system more robust and easier to manufacture. New cooler concepts with integrated electrical and mechanical interfaces have been investigated and offer advantages for high power system design. The bonding process of chips on sub-mounts and coolers has been studied extensively and for a variety of solder materials. High quality of the interfaces as well as good reliability under normal operation and thermal cycling have been realized. A viable alternative to soldering is silver sintering. The very positive results which have been achieved with a variety of technologies indicate the robustness of the VCSEL chips and their suitability for high power systems. Beam shaping micro-optics can be integrated on the VCSEL chip in a wafer scale process by replication of lenses in a polymer layer. The performance of VCSEL arrays with integrated collimation lenses has been positively evaluated and the integrated chips are fully compatible with all further assembly steps. The integrated high power systems make the application even easier and more robust. New examples in laser material processing and pumping of solid state lasers are presented.
Tunnel magnetoresistance in II-VI/III-V heterostructure Ga/sub 1-x/Mn/sub x/As/ZnSe/Ga/sub 1-x/Mn/sub x/As magnetic tunnel junctions (2005)

Films for magnetic tunnel junctions (MJT) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method using interconnected III-V and II-VI growth chambers without breaking ultrahigh vacuum. A very high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in the fully epitaxial Ga/sub 1-x/Mn/sub x/As/ZnSe/Ga/sub 1-x/Mn/sub x/As MTJ is reported.
A new method to achieve RF linearity in SOI nanowire MOSFETs (2011)

Our experiments show that linearity can be achieved if transistors are designed to operate in the one-dimensional ballistic transport regime in the quantum capacitance limit. We report third order intercept points (IIP3) of around -13dBm at maximum transconductance under these particular transport and device operation conditions, meeting the requirements for state-of-the-art mobile communication systems. The advantage of our approach becomes most apparent when normalizing the IIP3 values with power at maximum transconductance. In this case we were able to show that more than 10dB improvement over devices operating in the velocity saturation regime is achieved. Our findings make our approach an excellent candidate for low power applications in the early stages of RF receivers when linearity is critical.
On the Resiliency of Randomized Routing Against Multiple Edge Failures (2016)

We study the Static-Routing-Resiliency problem, motivated by routing on the Internet: Given a graph G = (V,E), a unique destination vertex d, and an integer constant c &gt; 0, does there exist a static and destination-based routing scheme such that the correct delivery of packets from any source s to the destination d is guaranteed so long as (1) no more than c edges fail and (2) there exists a physical path from s to d? We embark upon a study of this problem by relating the edge-connectivity of a graph, i.e., the minimum number of edges whose deletion partitions G, to its resiliency. Following the success of randomized routing algorithms in dealing with a variety of problems (e.g., Valiant load balancing in the network design problem), we embark upon a study of randomized routing algorithms for the Static-Routing-Resiliency problem. For any k-connected graph, we show a surprisingly simple randomized algorithm that has expected number of hops O(|V|k) if at most k-1 edges fail, which reduces to O(|V|) if only a fraction t of the links fail (where t &lt; 1 is a constant). Furthermore, our algorithm is deterministic if the routing does not encounter any failed link.
Affective video segment retrieval for consumer generated videos based on correlation between emotions and emotional audio events (2009)

A novel affective video segment retrieval method based on the correlation between emotion and emotional audio events (EAEs) is presented. The proposed method focuses on retrieving three types of affective video segments, joy, sadness and excitement, by utilizing correlations between emotions and EAEs. The correlation between these emotions and EAEs is investigated by a subjective evaluation. The proposed method detects EAEs and rates each EAE in terms of emotion levels. The EAEs are detected by using the generalized state-space model (GSSM) and low-level audio features. Experiments conducted on consumer generated videos (CGVs) show that the proposed EAE detection outperforms conventional HMM and GMM based methods in terms of accuracy, the agreement rate of the retrieved affective video segments reaches 73.3%.
Highly nonlinear fiber-based lumped fiber Raman amplifier for CWDM transmission systems (2005)

The highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF)-based lumped fiber Raman amplifiers (LRAs) for four- and eight-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) transmission systems have been investigated. By using the developed LRA, the four-channel CWDM transmission over conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) with the length of 150 km has been successfully achieved.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Arylomycin-Based Gram-Negative Antibiotic GDC-5338 (2019)

We report herein an efficient, stereocontrolled, and chromatography-free synthesis of the novel broad spectrum antibiotic <b>GDC-5338</b>. The route features the construction of a functionalized tripeptide backbone, a high-yielding macrocyclization via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, and the late-stage elaboration of key amide bonds with minimal stereochemical erosion. Through extensive reaction development and analytical understanding, these key advancements allowed the preparation of <b>GDC-5338</b> in 17 steps, 15% overall yield, >99 A % HPLC, and >99:1 dr.
On the Interaction Between Power-Aware Computer-Aided Design Algorithms for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (2005)

As Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) power consumption continues to increase, lower power FPGA circuitry, architectures, and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools need to be developed.Before designing low-power FPGA circuitry, architectures, or CAD tools, we must first determine where the biggest gains (in terms of energy reduction) are to be made and whether these gains are cumulative.In this thesis, we focus on FPGA CAD tools.Specifically, we describe a new power-aware CAD flow for FPGAs that was developed to answer the above questions.Estimating energy using very detailed post-route power and delay models, we determine the gains obtained by our power-aware technology mapping, clustering, placement, and routing algorithms and investigate how each gain behaves when the algorithms are applied concurrently.The individual energy reductions of the power-aware technology-mapping, clustering, placement, and routing algorithms were 7.6%, 12.6%, 3.0%, and 2.6% respectively.The majority of the overall energy reduction was achieved during the technology mapping and clustering stages of the power-aware FPGA CAD flow.In addition, the gains were mostly cumulative when the individual power-aware CAD algorithms were applied concurrently with overall energy reductions of 22.6%.
Toward intimacy: family planning and sexuality concerns of physically disabled women. 2nd ed. (1978)

This is a handbook regarding all aspects of sexuality for disabled women of all ages. The book attempts to help these women accept themselves and their disability. It also tries to encourage them to accept their sexuality as a normal part of their lives. Discussions include: 1) sexual and other intimate relationships with partners; 2) feelings concerning the health care system; 3) family planning; 4) the menstrual cycle; and 5) relationships with parents. Pictures present possible positions for disabled women to use in sexual intercourse.
New Low-Dimensional Molecular Metals: Single-Crystal Electrical Conductivity of Nickel Phthalocyanine Iodide (1978)

Single crystals of NiPcI(1.0) (Pc = phthalocyanine), which are composed of one-dimensional stacks of (NiPc)(+0.33) molecules and chains of I(3)(-) molecules, exhibit metallic electrical conductivity in the stacking direction. At room temperature the mean free path of the carrier is 3.3 to 8.2 angstroms.
Structure and mechanism of chalcone synthase-like polyketide synthases (2001)

Polyketide synthases (PKS) produce an array of natural products with different biological activities and pharmacological properties by varying the starter and extender molecules that form the final polyketide. Recent studies of the simplest PKS, the chalcone synthase (CHS)-like enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, anthocyanin pigments, and antimicrobial phytoalexins, have yielded insight on the molecular basis of this biosynthetic versatility. Understanding the structure-function relationship in these PKS provides a foundation for manipulating polyketide formation and suggests strategies for further increasing the scope of polyketide biosynthetic diversity.
Paralyzed Diaphragm (2015)

Diaphragmatic dysfunction may be unilateral or bilateral, with symptoms ranging from dyspnea only on extreme exertion to ventilator dependence. The etiology, treatment, and prognosis are quite different in unilateral and bilateral paralysis. A paralyzed hemidiaphragm may occur in isolation or as part of a systemic disease, whereas bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis usually occurs as a result of a traumatic or neuromuscular degenerative process. This review covers clinical evaluation, investigative studies, and management of diaphragmatic dysfunction. Figures show diaphragmatic motion during respiration, a postoperative radiograph from a 55-year-old woman who underwent left upper lobectomy, a postoperative radiograph of a 70-year-old man who underwent left upper lobectomy for removal of a peripheral 3 cm lesion, three chest radiographs of a 25-year-old man with a residual anterior mediastinal mass after treatment for germ cell tumor, chest radiograph showing left diaphragmatic paralysis in a breast cancer patient with malignant adenopathy involving the left phrenic nerve near the left main pulmonary artery, several parallel rows of sutures placed in the muscular portion and central tendon of the diaphragm and tied with the aid of a knot pusher, a laparoscopic mapping probe held onto the left diaphragm with suction and which receives electrical stimuli from an external clinical station, an electrode implant device that houses the electrode in the needle and is placed into the diaphragm tangentially, and the diaphragm pacing system programmed for conditioning and attached via percutaneously placed diaphragm electrodes in a spinal cord-injured child for early conditioning and weaning from the ventilator. Tables list causes of isolated diaphragmatic paralysis, general causes of unilateral and bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, and differential diagnosis of elevated hemidiaphragm on chest radiograph. A video shows current technique of laparoscopic diaphragm pacemaker insertion. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, 1 video, and 22 references
Enantiomeric 2',3'-dideoxycytidine derivatives are potent human immunodeficiency virus inhibitors in cell cultures. (1994)

2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-DDC) and its 5-fluoro derivative (beta-L-5-F-DDC) have been stereospecifically synthesized by a multi-step reaction sequence from L-xylose and their anti-HIV properties examined. Among these two L-enantiomers, the hitherto unknown beta-L-5-F-DDC emerged as a potent anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 compound in different cell culture systems, with selectivity indices similar or superior to those of the currently licensed drug DDC which has the natural beta-D configuration.
High electron mobility in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on bulk GaN substrates (2000)

Dislocation-free high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates. Hall measurements performed in the 300 K–50 mK range show a low-temperature electron mobility exceeding 60 000 cm2/V s for an electron sheet density of 2.4×1012 cm−2. Magnetotransport experiments performed up to 15 T exhibit well-defined quantum Hall-effect features. The structures corresponding to the cyclotron and spin splitting were clearly resolved. From an analysis of the Shubnikov de Hass oscillations and the low-temperature mobility we found the quantum and transport scattering times to be 0.4 and 8.2 ps, respectively. The high ratio of the scattering to quantum relaxation time indicates that the main scattering mechanisms, at low temperatures, are due to long-range potentials, such as Coulomb potentials of ionized impurities.
Mask process matching using a model based data preparation solution (2015)

Process matching is the ability to precisely reproduce the signature of a given fabrication process while using a different one. A process signature is typically described as systematic CD variation driven by feature geometry as a function of feature size, local density or distance to neighboring structures. The interest of performing process matching is usually to address differences in the mask fabrication process without altering the signature of the mask, which is already validated by OPC models and already used in production. The need for such process matching typically arises from the expansion of the production capacity within the same or different mask fabrication facilities, from the introduction of new, perhaps more advanced, equipment to deliver same process of record masks and/or from the re-alignment of processes which have altered over time. For state-of-the-art logic and memory mask processes, such matching requirements can be well below 2nm and are expected to reduce below 1nm in near future. In this paper, a data preparation solution for process matching is presented and discussed. Instead of adapting the physical process itself, a calibrated model is used to modify the data to be exposed by the source process in order to induce the results to match the one obtained while running the target process. This strategy consists in using the differences among measurements from the source and target processes, in the calibration of a single differential model. In this approach, no information other than the metrology results is required from either process. Experimental results were obtained by matching two different processes at Photronics. The standard deviation between both processes was of 2.4nm. After applying the process matching technique, the average absolute difference between the processes was reduced to 1.0nm with a standard deviation of 1.3nm. The methods used to achieve the result will be described along with implementation considerations, to help assess viability for model driven data solutions to play a role in future, critical mask matching efforts.
Computational Aspects of Correlation Power Analysis. (2015)

Abstract. Since the discovery of simple power attacks, the cryptographic research community has developed significantly more advanced attack methods. The idea behind most algorithms remains to perform a statistical analysis by correlating the power trace obtained when executing a cryptographic primitive to a key-dependent guess. With the advancements of cryptographic countermeasures, it is not uncommon that sophisticated (higher-order) power attacks require computation on many millions of power traces in order to find the desired correlation. In this paper, we study the computational aspects of calculating the most widely used correlation coefficient: the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. We study various time-memory trade-off techniques which apply specifically to the cryptologic setting and present methods to extend already completed computations using incremental versions. Moreover, we show how this technique can be applied to second-order attacks, reducing the attack cost significantly when adding new traces to an existing dataset. We also present methods which allow one to split the potentially huge trace set into smaller, more manageable chunks in order to reduce the memory requirements. Our concurrent implementation of these techniques highlights the benefits of this approach as it allows efficient computations on power measurements consisting of hundreds of gigabytes on a single modern workstation.
Supporting Energy-Efficient Computing on Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Architectures (2017)

Modern high performance computing and cloud computing infrastructures often leverage Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) to provide accelerated, massively parallel computational power. This performance gain, however, may also introduce higher energy consumption. The energy challenge has become more and more pronounced when the system scales. To address this challenge, we propose Archon, a framework for supporting energy-efficient computing on CPU-GPU heterogeneous architectures. Specifically, Archon takes user's programs as input, automatically distribute the workload between CPU and GPU, and dynamically tunes the distribution ratio at runtime for an energy-efficient execution. Experiments have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Archon, and the results show that it can achieve considerable energy savings at runtime, without significant efforts from the programmers.
Effects of temperature on UASB digestion of wastewater from a millproducing recovered fiberbased board (2015)

Effects of temperature on UASB digestion of wastewater from a millproducing recovered fiberbased board