gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study of the Factors Relating Field Failures and Dependencies (2011)

Changing source code in large software systems is complex and requires a good understanding of dependencies between software components. Modification to components with little regard to dependencies may increase have an adverse impact on the quality of the latter, i.e., increase their risk to fail. We conduct an empirical study to understand the relationship between the quality of components and the characteristics of their dependencies such as their frequency of change, their complexity, number of past failures and like. Our study has been conducted on two large software systems: Microsoft VISTA and ECLIPSE. Our results show that components that have outgoing dependencies to components with higher objectoriented complexity tend to have fewer field failures for VISTA, but the opposite relation holds for ECLIPSE. Likewise, other notable observations have been made through our study that (a) confirm that certain characteristics of components increase the risk of their dependencies to fail and (b) some of the characteristics are projectspecific while some were also found to be common. We expect that such results can leveraged to provide new directions for research in defect prediction, test prioritization and related research fields that utilize code dependencies in their empirical analysis. Additionally, these results provide insights to engineers on the potential reliability impacts of new component dependencies based upon the characteristics of the component.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Poroviscoelastic Response of Engineered and Native Ligament (2008)

Experiments on explanted soft tissue and collagen gels [1], and the theory of soft tissue mechanics [2], indicate that the important mechanisms by which soft collagenous tissues deform and develop stress include elasticity, viscoelasticity and poroelasticity. These contributions to the mechanical response are directly modulated by the content and morphology of collagen, elastin, other molecules such as proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, and fluid, which is water. Our engineered collagenous constructs demonstrate histological and mechanical characteristics of native tendon and ligament of different levels of maturity. In order to evaluate whether the constructs have optimal mechanical function for implantation and utility for regenerative medicine, the relation must be established between the content and morphology of collagen and elastin, and the elastic, viscoelastic and poroelastic response of the engineered collagenous constructs at these different developmental levels.
Evolution of hollow nanostructures in hybrid Ce1−xCuxO2under droplet confinement leading to synergetic effects on the physical properties (2017)

The paper discusses a successful strategy for tuning the hollow, porous or even solid morphologies of pure and Cu<sup>2+</sup>-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures. The reaction of nanodroplets at the interface in miniemulsions is significantly affected by the concentration of dopants. The growth mechanism is both reaction- as well as diffusion-controlled, which finally determines the particular morphology. With a varying degree of dopant concentration and quantum confinement, the concentration of Ce<sup>3+</sup> available on the surface of the nano-droplets and -particles is found to change quite appreciably. This immediately leads to modulation in the physical properties, such as ferromagnetism or absorption. The significant red shift in the absorption spectra and associated broadband visible photoluminescence opens newer applications for the present material in visible optoelectronic devices.
Plasma inhomogeneities near the electrodes of a capacitively-coupled radio-frequency discharge containing dust particles (2011)

\n Small plasma spheroids are evidenced and analyzed in front of the electrodes of a capacitively-coupled radio-frequency discharge in which dust particles are growing. These regions are characterized by a spherical shape, a slightly enhanced luminosity and are related to instabilities induced by the presence of dust particles. Several types of behaviors are identified and particularly their chaotic appearance or disappearance and their rotational motion along the electrode periphery. Correlations with the unstable behavior of the global plasma glow are performed. These analyses are obtained thanks to high-speed imaging which is the only diagnostics able to evidence these plasma spheroids.\n
Tunable WDM-PON System With Centralized Wavelength Control (2015)

We report on the state of the art and future prospects and challenges of optical access networks. Details on a recent field demonstration of a novel tunable WDM-PON system with novel T-SFP+ modules will be presented. Furthermore, the concept of centralized wavelength control of the optical network unit wavelengths will be explained as well as different realization options of pilot-tone based communication channels. Finally, a control concept for tuning the DS-DBR laser will be shown.
1023 (2015)

Copyright © by 2015 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Arterial delivery of genetically labelled skeletal myoblasts to the murine heart: Long-term survival and phenotypic modification of implanted myoblasts (1996)

The ability to replace damaged myocardial tissue with new striated muscle would constitute a major advance in the treatment of diseases that irreversibly injure cardiac muscle cells. The creation of focal grafts of skeletal muscle has been reported following the intramural injection of skeletal myoblasts into both normal and injured myocardium. The goals of this study were to determine whether skeletal myoblast-derived cells can be engrafted into the murine heart following arterial delivery. The murine heart was seeded with genetically labeled C2C12 myoblasts introduced into the arterial circulation of the heart via a transventricular injection. A transventricular injection provided access to the coronary and systemic circulations. Implanted cells were characterized using histochemical staining for beta-galactosidase, immunofluorescent staining for muscle-specific antigens, and electron microscopy. Initially the injected cells were observed entrapped in myocardial capillaries. One week after injection myoblasts were present in the myocardial interstitium and were largely absent from the myocardial capillary bed. Implanted cells underwent myogenic development, characterized by the expression of a fast-twitch skeletal muscle sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA1) and formation of myofilaments. Four months following injection myoblast-derived cells began to express a slow-twitch/cardiac protein, phospholamban, that is normally not expressed by C2C12 cells in vitro. Most surprisingly, regions of close apposition between LacZ labeled cells and native cardiomyocytes contained structures that resembled desmosomes, fascia adherens junctions, and gap junctions. The cardiac gap junction protein, connexin43, was localized to some of the interfaces between implanted cells and cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these findings suggest that arterially delivered myoblasts can be engrafted into the heart, and that prolonged residence in the myocardium may alter the phenotype of these skeletal muscle-derived cells. Further studies are necessary to determine whether arterial delivery of skeletal myoblasts can be developed as treatment for myocardial dysfunction.
The proportion of fetal nucleated red blood cells in maternal blood: estimation by FACS analysis. (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) among enriched NRBCs and to evaluate the effectiveness of enriching NRBCs in maternal blood using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to separate NRBCs. The origin of enriched NRBCs was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods. Y-specific signals were observed in 4.6 +/- 1.5 per cent of the enriched cells from 14 of 16 (87.5 per cent) pregnant women who gave birth to boys. In this series, the specificity of the fetal sex diagnosis was 100 per cent, the sensitivity 88 per cent, and the negative predictive value 86 per cent. Fetal NRBCs are present in maternal blood and FACS has the potential to enrich fetal NRBCs. Fetal cells were estimated to be enriched more than 10,000-fold in the first trimester and more than 100-fold in the third trimester. Average frequencies of fetal cells in maternal blood were 8.1 x 10(-5) and 1.6 x 10(-5) in the first trimester and the second/third trimesters. However, most of the NRBCs in maternal blood are maternal in origin.
PAI-1-derived peptide EEIIMD prevents impairment of cerebrovasodilation by augmenting p38 MAPK upregulation after cerebral hypoxia/ischemia (2010)

Babies are frequently exposed to cerebral hypoxia and ischemia (H/I) during the perinatal period as a result of stroke, problems with delivery, or postdelivery respiratory management. The sole approved treatment for acute stroke is tissue type plasminogen activator. H/I impairs pial artery dilation (PAD) induced by hypercapnia and hypotension, the impairment aggravated by type plasminogen activator and attenuated by the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-derived peptide EEIIMD. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a family of at least three kinases, ERK, p38, and JNK, is upregulated after H/I and ERK contribute to impaired cerebrovasodilation. This study determined the roles of p38 and JNK MAPK in the impairment of dilation post-H/I in pigs equipped with a closed cranial window and the relationship between alterations in MAPK isoforms and EEIIMD-mediated cerebrovascular protection. Cerebrospinal fluid-phosphorylated (activated) p38 MAPK, but not JNK MAPK, was increased after H/I, an effect potentiated by intravenous EEIIMD administered 1 h postinjury. PAD in response to hypercapnia and hypotension was blunted by H/I, but dilation was maintained by EEIIMD. PAD was further impaired by the p38 antagonist SB-203580 but unchanged by the JNK antagonist SP-600125. Isoproterenol-induced PAD was unchanged by H/I, EEIIMD, SB-203580, and SP-600125. These data indicate that postinjury treatment with EEIIMD attenuated impaired cerebrovasodilation post-H/I by upregulating p38 but not JNK. These data suggest that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-based peptides and other approaches to upregulate p38 may offer a novel approach to increase the benefit-to-risk ratio of thrombolytic therapy for diverse central nervous system disorders associated with H/I.
Airborne GNSS-R Wind Retrievals Using Delay–Doppler Maps (2012)

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reflectometry has emerged recently as a promising remote sensing tool to retrieve various geophysical parameters of the Earth's surface. GNSS-reflected signals, after being received and processed by the airborne or spaceborne receiver, are available as delay correlation waveforms or as delay-Doppler maps (DDMs). In the case of a rough ocean surface, those characteristics can be related to the rms of the L-band limited slopes of the surface waves and, from there, to the surface wind speed. The raw GNSS-reflected signal can be either processed in real time by the receiver or recorded and stored on board and postprocessed in a laboratory. The latter approach leveraging a software receiver allows more flexibility while processing the raw data. This work analyzes DDMs obtained as a result of processing of the data collected by the Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger/software receiver on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gulfstream-IV jet aircraft. Thereafter, the DDMs were used to retrieve surface wind speed employing several different metrics that characterize the DDM extent in the Doppler frequency-delay domain. In contrast to previous works in which winds have been retrieved by fitting the theoretically modeled curves into measured correlation waveforms, here, we do not rely on any model for the determination. Instead, the approach is based on a linear regression between DDM observables and the wind speeds obtained in simultaneous GPS dropsonde measurements.
Regioselective acetylation of 7-deacetylforskolin with 11C-acetyl chloride (1996)

Reaction conditions were studied to control the acetylating position on 7-deacetylforskolin using [11C]acetyl chloride. In a preliminary study using non-labeled acetyl chloride, pyridine, lutidine, triethylamine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) were tested as the base in the acetylation. Pyridine was effective in selective acetylation to yield forskolin in any solvent, and DBU was effective for 1-acetyl-7-deacetylforskolin. Among toluene, dichloromethane and dichloroethane, toluene was the most suitable as the solvent for the selective acetylation of the 7-OH group to give forskolin with any base. In the selectivity of acetylation with [11C]acetyl chloride, more [11C]forskolin was obtained than [11C]1-acetyl-7-deacetylforskolin (70:30) in the presence of pyridine in toluene. [11C]1-Acetyl-7-deacetylforskolin was preferentially synthesized with DBU in dichloromethane, and the ratio of [11C]1-acetyl-7-deacetylforskolin to [11C]forskolin was 98:2. For the yield of the [11C]acetylated product, DBU in dichloromethane was also suitable to obtain [11C]1-acetyl-7-deacetylforskolin. However, that of pyridine in toluene did not confer any advantages upon the yield of [11C]forskolin compared with DMAP in toluene.
Formation of Surface Methoxy Groups on H-Zeolites from Methanol. A Quantum Chemical Study (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of Surface Methoxy Groups on H-Zeolites from Methanol. A Quantum Chemical StudyC. M. Zicovich-Wilson, P. Viruela, and A. CormaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 35, 13224–13231Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100035a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100035a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
New building blocks for efficient and highly diastereoselective polyol production—synthesis and utility of (R ′,R ′,S,S ) and (S′,S′,R,R)-2,3-butane diacetal protected butane tetrol derivatives (1999)

The efficient synthesis of aldehydes derived from 2,3-butane diacetal protected butane tetrols (S′,S′,R,R)-5 and (R′,R′,S,S)-6 and their utility in the controlled synthesis of polyhydroxylated materials through highly diastereoselective Lewis acid mediated addition reactions of allyltributylstannane and silyl enol ether nucleophiles is described.
Acetate reprograms gut microbiota during alcohol consumption (2022)

Liver damage due to chronic alcohol use is among the most prevalent liver diseases. Alcohol consumption frequency is a strong factor of microbiota variance. Here we use isotope labeled [1-<sup>13</sup>C] ethanol, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics in ethanol-feeding and intragastric mouse models to investigate the metabolic impacts of alcohol consumption on the gut microbiota. First, we show that although stable isotope labeled [1-<sup>13</sup>C] ethanol contributes to fatty acid pools in the liver, plasma, and cecum contents of mice, there is no evidence of ethanol metabolism by gut microbiota ex vivo under anaerobic conditions. Next, we observe through metatranscriptomics that the gut microbiota responds to ethanol-feeding by activating acetate dissimilation, not by metabolizing ethanol directly. We demonstrate that blood acetate concentrations are elevated during ethanol consumption. Finally, by increasing systemic acetate levels with glyceryl triacetate supplementation, we do not observe any impact on liver disease, but do induce similar gut microbiota alterations as chronic ethanol-feeding in mice. Our results show that ethanol is not directly metabolized by the gut microbiota, and changes in the gut microbiota linked to ethanol are a side effect of elevated acetate levels. De-trending for these acetate effects may be critical for understanding gut microbiota changes that cause alcohol-related liver disease.
Conducting Network Research in Large-Scale Platforms: Avoiding Pitfalls in PlanetLab (2014)

Performing distributed experimentation in an Internet-like scale is essential for the introduction of innovative protocols, applications, and techniques in future networks. In the past, having access to different servers in different locations in the world used to be a very hard task. This scenario has changed in recent years with the introduction of Planet Lab, a distributed laboratory with 1000+ servers spread in the five continents for developing experiments and measurements in a planetary scale. However, Planet Lab currently has some limitations that sometimes prevent researchers to perform reliable experiments. This paper presents a large-scale measurement study in Planet Lab aiming at shedding some light into the availability of resources for performing experimental research on it. Results show that users should take extra care when designing and deploying experiments in Planet Lab, due to high instability and heterogeneity of the available resources.
Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated on AlN Substrates Prepared by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2012)

AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) were fabricated on AlN substrates. The AlN substrates were prepared by growing thick hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE)-AlN layers on bulk AlN substrates prepared by physical vapor transport (PVT). After growing an LED structure, the PVT-AlN substrates were removed by mechanical polishing. This process allowed the fabrication of DUV-LEDs on HVPE-AlN substrates with high crystalline quality and DUV optical transparency. The DUV-LEDs exhibited a single emission peaking at 268 nm through the HVPE-AlN substrates. The output power as high as 28 mW was obtained at an injection current of 250 mA.
Multiphoton ionization studies of IR multiphoton dissociation: direct carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage in methanol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiphoton ionization studies of IR multiphoton dissociation: direct carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage in methanolD. S. Bomse, S. Dougal, and R. L. WoodinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 12, 2640–2646Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100403a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tubular reabsorption rates for myoglobin in the isolated perfused rat kidney (1986)

The renal handling of myoglobin has been studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Myoglobin was freely filtered. Reabsorption by the renal tubules showed saturation kinetics with a relatively low maximum rate of reabsorption (Tmax) of 27-30 micrograms min-1 g-1 wet wt. at a perfusate concentration of 70-80 micrograms/ml. Myoglobin reabsorption is therefore much less than that reported for immunoglobulin light chain or lysozyme in this model. Large increases in sodium and water excretion produced by omission of oncotic agent from the perfusate did not alter the kinetics of myoglobin reabsorption. The use of bovine serum albumin as oncotic agent in the perfusate prevented the tubular reabsorption of myoglobin. Small amounts of albumin are filtered by the isolated perfused kidney and it is postulated that this albumin interferes with tubular reabsorption of myoglobin.
Convergent Evolution in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Creates a Variant Soup from Which New COVID-19 Waves Emerge (2023)

The first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic were mainly characterized by recurrent mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein at residues K417, L452, E484, N501 and P681 emerging independently across different variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta). Such homoplasy is a marker of convergent evolution. Since Spring 2022 and the third year of the pandemic, with the advent of Omicron and its sublineages, convergent evolution has led to the observation of different lineages acquiring an additional group of mutations at different amino acid residues, namely R346, K444, N450, N460, F486, F490, Q493, and S494. Mutations at these residues have become increasingly prevalent during Summer and Autumn 2022, with combinations showing increased fitness. The most likely reason for this convergence is the selective pressure exerted by previous infection- or vaccine-elicited immunity. Such accelerated evolution has caused failure of all anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies, including bebtelovimab and cilgavimab. While we are learning how fast coronaviruses can mutate and recombine, we should reconsider opportunities for economically sustainable escape-proof combination therapies, and refocus antibody-mediated therapeutic efforts on polyclonal preparations that are less likely to allow for viral immune escape.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of an original arabinofuranosyl cluster: optimization of the enzymatic conditions (2012)

The evaluation of a mutated glycosidase as a major, renewable and eco-friendly partner of the glycosylation reaction allowed the one step synthesis of the arabinofuranosyl cluster 4 in 38% yield. Our mutated biocatalyst was able to perform coupling to a multivalent bulky substituent with 80% yield on each arm and pave the way for the further development of enzymatic means of ligation of carbohydrates onto organic scaffolds.