gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved gain-spectrum measurement scheme using two potential laser media and a streak camera (2001)

A two-crystal, pump and probe scheme is established allowing the evaluation of potential laser materials with unknown gain and loss properties. Using a streak camera coupled to a spectrograph, the time-resolved gain or loss spectra are obtained using a probe light from an identical gain crystal. This method facilitates the evaluation of preliminary laser materials in a variety of wavelength regions. A new ultraviolet tunable amplification medium, Ce3+:LiSr0.8Ca0.2AlF6, is demonstrated to possess a broad gain spectrum of 18 nm, utilizing this newly proposed scheme.
Statistical modeling of a multi-drop source synchronous bus (2003)

Using the source synchronous switching technique, high data rates can be achieved on the system board. When designing a source synchronous board, the goal is to minimize the variations in the differential delay between the data and strobe lines. This delay is often affected by jitter caused by power supply noise, cross talk, reflections and other signal integrity violations. This paper investigates the inter-relationships between electrical parameters in a printed circuit board to the physical manufacturing parameters for a source synchronous bus. Using sensitivity functions and statistical distributions of the physical parameters, the variations of the electrical parameters are computed. The correlation matrix between the electrical parameters can be used to understand the sensitivity of various electrical and physical parameters for the performance of the bus. This information can be used for redesigning boards by accounting for manufacturing variations.
The cortical signature of symptom laterality in Parkinson's disease (2017)

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often present with unilateral motor symptoms that eventually spread to the other side. This symptom lateralization is diagnostically important, as it serves to distinguish PD from other motor disorders with overlapping symptom profiles. Further, recent studies have shown that the side of symptom onset is important for prognosis, as there are differences in the rate of disease progression and the incidence of secondary symptoms between right- and left-dominant (RD, LD) patients. Physiologically, previous studies have shown asymmetrical decline in structure and metabolism throughout the basal ganglia, although connecting this directly to motor function has been difficult. To identify the neurophysiological basis of symptom laterality in PD, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) during left- and right-hand movement paradigms in patients with PD who exhibited either RD or LD symptomatology. The beta oscillations serving these movements were then imaged using beamforming methods, and we extracted the time series of the peak voxel in the left and right primary motor cortices for each movement. In addition, each patient's symptom asymmetry was quantitated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), which allowed the relationship between symptom asymmetry and neural asymmetry to be assessed. We found that LD patients had stronger beta suppression during movement, as well as greater post-movement beta rebound compared to patients with RD symptoms, independent of the hand that was moved. Interestingly, the asymmetry of beta activity during right-hand movement uniquely correlated with symptom asymmetry, such that the more LD the symptom profile, the more left-lateralized (i.e., contralateral to movement) the beta response; conversely, the more RD the symptom profile, the more right-lateralized (i.e., ipsilateral to movement) the beta response. This study is the first to directly probe the relationship between symptom asymmetry and the laterality of neural activity during movement in patients with PD, and suggests that LD patients have a fundamentally different and more "healthy" oscillatory pattern relative to RD patients.
Multi-modal chip-based fluorescence and quantitative phase microscopy for studying inflammation in macrophages (2018)

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy benefits from high-sensitivity, low background noise, low photo-toxicity and high-contrast imaging of sub-cellular structures close to the membrane surface. Although, TIRF microscopy provides high-contrast imaging it does not provide quantitative information about morphological features of the biological cells. Here, we propose an integrated waveguide chip-based TIRF microscopy and label-free quantitative phase imaging (QPI). The evanescent field present on top of a waveguide surface is used to excite the fluorescence and an upright microscope is used to collect the signal. The upright microscope is converted into a Linnik-type interferometer to sequentially extract both the quantitative phase information and TIRF images of the cells. Waveguide chip-based TIRF microscopy benefits from decoupling of illumination and collection light path, large field of view imaging and pre-aligned configuration for multi-color TIRF imaging. The proposed multi-modal microscopy is used to study inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on rat macrophages. The TIRF microscopy showed that LPS inflammatory molecule disrupts the cell membrane and causes cells to significantly expand across a substrate. While, QPI module quantified changes in the sub-cellular content of the LPS challenged macrophages, showing a net decrease in its maximum phase values.
A Scalable Solution Route to Porous Networks of Nanostructured Black Tungsten (2021)

This paper studied the feasibility of a new solution-processed method to manufacture black tungsten nanostructures by laser conversion of tungsten hexacarbonyl precursor on the Inconel 625 substrate under argon atmosphere at ambient pressure. The results show that sublimation of the precursor can be prevented if the decomposition temperature (>170 °C) is achieved using the laser heating method. Three different laser powers from 60-400 W were used to investigate the role of laser parameters on the conversion. It was found that lower laser power of 60 W resulted in a mixture of unconverted precursor and converted tungsten. Higher laser powers >200 W resulted in α-W (BCC) in one step without further heat treatment. Different oxygen concentrations from 0.5 ppm to 21 vol% were used in the laser canister to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration on the conversion. It was found that the hard vacuum (>10<sup>-4</sup> torr) or hydrogen is not necessary to obtain α-W (BCC). The solar absorptance varied from 63-97%, depending on the amount of precursor deposited on the substrate and oxygen content in the laser canister. This solution-based laser conversion of tungsten precursor is a scalable method to manufacture tungsten coatings for high-temperature applications.
Analysis of Genomic Imprinting of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 in Colorectal Cancer (2000)

Genomic imprinting of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been shown to play an important role in the development of Wilms' tumor and adult cancers including lung and esophageal cancer. Although IGF2 has been reported to be overexpressed in colorectal cancer, the status of this gene has not been fully elucidated. To clarify genomic imprinting of IGF2 in colorectal cancer, we examined loss of imprinting (LOI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in surgically resected tissues by utilizing Apa1 polymorphism. Of 46 patients with colorectal cancer, 2 exhibited (2/15, 13%) LOH among 15 patients who were heterozygous for IGF2 DNA in nontumorous tissues. Four (4/12, 33%) patients showed LOI of IGF2 gene among informative patients. In these patients, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry revealed that IGF2 mRNA is overexpressed in tumorous tissues, compared to nontumorous tissues. Of 15 patients in whom IGF2 was immunohistochemically more highly expressed in tumorous than in normal tissues, there were 2 with LOH and 4 with LOI. The results of the present study suggest that LOI of IGF2 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Cyclized Copolymer of Methacrylic Anhydride and an Application to Photoresist with Photo-Acid Generator. (1999)

The cyclized copolymerization of methacrylic anhydride with N phenyldimethacryl- amide and methacrylonitrile was carried out. The polymer consists of six-membered cyclic acid anhydride and five-membered imide ring. The cyclic acid anhydride was hydrolyzed by generated acid catalyst from photo-acid generator (PAG). The hydrolyzed copolymer is dissolved in an alkaline solution. We applied this copolymer with PAG to photoresist based on the chemical amplified system and obtained good patterns of positive- tone image.
Explicit models of motions to understand protein side-chain dynamics (2022)

Nuclear magnetic relaxation is widely used to probe protein dynamics. For decades, most analyses of relaxation in proteins have relied successfully on the model-free approach, forgoing mechanistic descriptions of motions. Model-free types of correlation functions cannot describe a large carbon-13 relaxation dataset in protein sidechains. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to design explicit models of motion and solve Fokker-Planck diffusion equations. These models of motion provide better agreement with relaxation data, mechanistic insight and a direct link to configuration entropy.
Prediction of humoral and cellular immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination by TTV load in kidney transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients (2023)

Plasma TTV loads at the time of first vaccination in immunosuppressed individuals may be useful to predict individual vaccine-specific immune responses.
Effects of Transendocardial Stem Cell Injection on Ventricular Proarrhythmia in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Results from the POSEIDON and TAC-HFT Trials (2017)

Abstract Transendocardial stem cell injection in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) improves left ventricular function and structure but has ill-defined effects on ventricular arrhythmias. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) implantation is not proarrhythmic. Post hoc analyses were performed on ambulatory ECGs collected from the POSEIDON and TAC-HFT trials. Eighty-eight subjects (mean age 61 ± 10 years) with ICM (mean EF 32.2% ± 9.8%) received treatment with MSC (n = 48), Placebo (n = 21), or bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) (n = 19). Heart rate variability (HRV) and ventricular ectopy (VE) were evaluated over 12 months. VE did not change in any group following MSC implantation. However, in patients with ≥ 1 VE run (defined as ≥ 3 consecutive premature ventricular complexes in 24 hours) at baseline, there was a decrease in VE runs at 12 months in the MSC group (p = .01), but not in the placebo group (p = .07; intergroup comparison: p = .18). In a subset of the MSC group, HRV measures of standard deviation of normal intervals was 75 ± 30 msec at baseline and increased to 87 ± 32 msec (p =.02) at 12 months, and root mean square of intervals between successive complexes was 36 ± 30 msec and increased to 58.2 ± 50 msec (p = .01) at 12 months. In patients receiving MSCs, there was no evidence for ventricular proarrhythmia, manifested by sustained or nonsustained ventricular ectopy or worsened HRV. Signals of improvement in ventricular arrhythmias and HRV in the MSC group suggest a need for further studies of the antiarrhythmic potential of MSCs.
Safety and early satisfaction assessment of patients seeking nonsurgical rhinoplasty with filler (2017)

Outcomes of this study, with the limitation of a non-comparative open-label study, show that surgical remodeling of the nose, with the use of a 20-mg/mL smooth, cohesive, and viscous HA filler, is a safe and predictable technique, with a high degree of satisfaction for the patients.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Patients With Acute Brain Ischemia at 3 T (2009)

Despite lower SNR at comparable PI factors, DWI-BLADE sequences acquired using the 12-channel coil are preferable in most instances, as compared with DWI-EPI sequences, because of the absence of susceptibility artifacts and subsequently improved depiction of ischemic lesions in the brainstem and cerebellum. With the 32-channel coil, recently FDA approved, DWI-BLADE acquired with an iPAT = 2 provides comparable SNR without bulk susceptibility artifacts as compared with the DWI-EPI sequences acquired for clinical routine to date and has the potential to replace the standard DWI technique for special indications like DWI of the cerebellum and the brainstem or in presence of metallic implants or hemorrhage.
Forensic characterization of pirated movies: digital cinema cam vs. optical disc rip (2014)

A large portion of pirate movies illegally shared over the Internet is either a camcorded copy of a projection in a digital cinema or is directly ripped from optical discs such as DVDs and Blu-ray discs. In this paper, we introduce a classifier that automatically discriminates between these two types of piracy in an effort to provide tools that help streamlining the whole forensic analysis process. This oracle relies on tell-tale visual artifacts that reveal the occurrence of camcording. We survey three alternate discriminative features relating to temporal flicker, color gamut, and edge orientation and detail how to combine them to obtain accurate classification. Experiments conducted on a large corpus of real pirated movies clearly demonstrate the feasibility of such classification.
Robust thalamic nuclei segmentation from T1-weighted MRI (2023)

Accurate segmentation of thalamic nuclei, crucial for understanding their role in healthy cognition and in pathologies, is challenging to achieve on standard T1-weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to poor image contrast. White-matter-nulled (WMn) MRI sequences improve intrathalamic contrast but are not part of clinical protocols or extant databases. Here, we introduce Histogram-based polynomial synthesis (HIPS), a fast preprocessing step that synthesizes WMn-like image contrast from standard T1w MRI using a polynomial approximation. HIPS was incorporated into our Thalamus Optimized Multi-Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) pipeline, developed and optimized for WMn MRI. HIPS-THOMAS was compared to a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based segmentation method and THOMAS modified for T1w images (T1w-THOMAS). The robustness and accuracy of the three methods were tested across different image contrasts, scanner manufacturers, and field strength. HIPS-synthesized images improved intra-thalamic contrast and thalamic boundaries, and their segmentations yielded significantly better mean Dice, lower percentage of volume error, and lower standard deviations compared to both the CNN method and T1w-THOMAS. Finally, using THOMAS, HIPS-synthesized images were as effective as WMn images for identifying thalamic nuclei atrophy in alcohol use disorders subjects relative to healthy controls, with a higher area under the ROC curve compared to T1w-THOMAS (0.79 vs 0.73).
Mesoscopic bar magnet based on ε-Fe2O3 hard ferrite (2016)

Ferrite magnets have a long history. They are used in motors, magnetic fluids, drug delivery systems, etc. Herein we report a mesoscopic ferrite bar magnet based on rod-shaped ε-Fe2O3 with a large coercive field (>25 kOe). The ε-Fe2O3-based bar magnet is a single crystal with a single magnetic domain along the longitudinal direction. A wide frequency range spectroscopic study shows that the crystallographic a-axis of ε-Fe2O3, which corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the bar magnet, plays an important role in linear and non-linear magneto-optical transitions, phonon modes, and the magnon (Kittel mode). Due to its multiferroic property, a magnetic-responsive non-linear optical sheet is manufactured as an application using an ε-Fe2O3-based bar magnet, resin, and polyethylene terephthalate. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the large coercive field property, we demonstrate that a mesoscopic ε-Fe2O3 bar magnet can be used as a magnetic force microscopy probe.
Spatially resolved texture and microstructure evolution of additively manufactured and gas gun deformed 304L stainless steel investigated by neutron diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction (2018)

In this study, we report the characterization of a 304L stainless steel cylindrical projectile produced by additive manufacturing. The projectile was compressively deformed using a Taylor Anvil Gas Gun, leading to a huge strain gradient along the axis of the deformed cylinder. Spatially resolved neutron diffraction measurements on the HIgh Pressure Preferred Orientation time-of-flight diffractometer (HIPPO) and Spectrometer for Materials Research at Temperature and Stress diffractometer (SMARTS) beamlines at the Los Alamos Neutron Science CEnter (LANSCE) with Rietveld and single-peak analysis were used to quantitatively evaluate the volume fractions of the α , γ , and ε phases as well as residual strain and texture. The texture of the γ phase is consistent with uniaxial compression, while the α texture can be explained by the Kurdjumov–Sachs relationship from the γ texture after deformation. This indicates that the material first deformed in the γ phase and subsequently transformed at larger strains. The ε phase was only found in volumes close to the undeformed material with a texture connected to the γ texture by the Shoji–Nishiyama orientation relationship. This allows us to conclude that the ε phase occurs as an intermediate phase at lower strain, and is superseded by the α phase when strain increases further. We found a proportionality between the root-mean-squared microstrain of the γ phase, dominated by the dislocation density, with the α volume fraction, consistent with strain-induced martensite α formation. Knowledge of the sample volume with the ε phase from the neutron diffraction analysis allowed us to identify the ε phase by electron back scatter diffraction analysis, complementing the neutron diffraction analysis with characterization on the grain level.
A Block-based Simulation Tool for the Enhancement of TCP/UDP Protocols (1995)

In this work, we have developed a functional block-based simulation model for TCP/UDP protocols, with which we can easily add, modify, and remove various parts of the functional blocks to design a new TCP based transport protocol for multimedia services. In initial experiments, several modifications on TCP, UDP, and FDDI protocols are made, and their performances, such as end-to-end delay and packet loss probability, are measured for a multimedia multiparty conferencing environment.
Abstract 14173: Activation of Cellular Immunity in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Results of the Multicenter IPAC Registry (2011)

Introduction: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Cellular immunity is downregulated during normal pregnancy and reset during the peripartum ...
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON POLYETHER ANTIBIOTICS. 6. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF MONENSIN. 3. STEREOCONTROLLED TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF MONENSIN (1979)

Abstract Die Aldolkondensation der "ljnken" (I) und "rechten" Struktureinheit (II) von Monensin (V) gelingt in Gegenwart der Verbindung (III); Ausb. und Verhältnis der gebildeten diastereomeren Aldole (IVa) und (IVb) sind abhängig von der Reaktionstemp. (untersuchter Bereich Obis ‐78°C).
Transponder aggregator based on silicon photonics technologies for next generation CDC-ROADM systems (2012)

In this paper, we introduce our research activities for 8-degree CDC-ROADM systems with silicon photonics technology. We develop transponder aggregator (TPA) which is add/drop parts in CDC-ROADM systems and realizes CDC function between multiple input/output fibers and multiple transponders. After a brief review of the CDC-ROADM technologies for dynamic network systems, the TPA module details are described.
Polarization-dependent loss in long-period fiber gratings: Modal birefringence (2003)

Modal birefringence significantly influences the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). A new method has been developed for measuring PDL in LPFGs based on resonant wavelength separation. Measurement results for two different types of LPFGs, ultraviolet-induced and carbon dioxide-laser-induced, are given.
On-Line Clearance: A Useful Tool for Monitoring the Effectiveness of the Reuse Procedure (2003)

Reprocessing of a dialyzer for repeated use in the same patient is widely practiced. The dialyzer fiber bundle volume (FBV) is monitored as an indicator of the dialyzer's suitability for continued use, with standards for reprocessed dialyzers requiring a FBV of greater than 80% of a new dialyzer to be maintained. We have used on-line measurement of clearance of sodium (OLC module, Fresenius Medical Care, Walnut Creek, CA) to assess small molecule clearance changes during and between treatments for a group of 29 chronic hemodialysis patients who reused high flux polysulfone dialyzers (F80, Fresenius Medical Care, Lexington, MA) reprocessed using citric acid and heat (95 degrees C). Data pertaining to the initial, 5th, 10th, and 15th uses were analyzed and showed that, within a single dialysis session, there was a trend for the clearance to reduce throughout the treatment (p < 0.001). Overall, there was also a trend for clearances to decline with increasing number of reuses (p < 0.008). Changes in FBV occurred, but such changes remained within the guidelines suggested by standards. It is concluded that on-line clearance measurements provide a simple noninvasive method to monitor dialyzer performance over each use and between uses.
Decorin Evokes Protracted Internalization and Degradation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor via Caveolar Endocytosis (2005)

Decorin inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by down-regulating its tyrosine kinase activity, thereby blocking the growth of a variety of transformed cells and tumor xenografts. In this study we provide evidence that decorin directly binds to the EGFR causing its dimerization, internalization, and ultimately its degradation. Using various pharmacological agents to disrupt clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, we demonstrate that decorin evokes a protracted internalization of the EGFR primarily via caveolar-mediated endocytosis. In contrast to EGF, decorin targets the EGFR to caveolae, but not to early or recycling endosomes. Ultimately, however, both EGF- and decorin-induced pathways converge into late endosomes/lysosomes for final degradation. Thus, we have discovered a novel biological mechanism for decorin that could explain its anti-proliferative and anti-oncogenic mode of action.
Multiple-frequency acoustic wave devices for chemical sensing and materials characterization in both gas and liquid phase (1991)

A chemical sensor (1) includes two or more pairs of interdigital electrodes (10) having different periodicities. Each pair is comprised of a first electrode (10a) and a second electrode (10b). The electrodes are patterned on a surface of a piezoelectric substrate (12). Each pair of electrodes may launch and receive various acoustic waves (AW), including a surface acoustic wave (SAW), and may also launch and receive several acoustic plate modes (APMs). The frequencies associated with each are functions of the transducer periodicity as well as the velocity of the particular AW in the chosen substrate material. An AW interaction region (13) exists between each pair of electrodes. Circuitry (20, 40) is used to launch, receive, and monitor the propagation characteristics of the AWs and may be configured in an intermittent measurement fashion or in a continuous measurement fashion. Perturbations to the AW velocity and attenuation are recorded at several frequencies and provide the sensor response.