gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Cross-modal Contrastive Features for Video Domain Adaptation (2021)

Learning transferable and domain adaptive feature representations from videos is important for video-relevant tasks such as action recognition. Existing video domain adaptation methods mainly rely on adversarial feature alignment, which has been derived from the RGB image space. However, video data is usually associated with multi-modal information, e.g., RGB and optical flow, and thus it remains a challenge to design a better method that considers the cross-modal inputs under the cross-domain adaptation setting. To this end, we propose a unified framework for video domain adaptation, which simultaneously regularizes cross-modal and cross-domain feature representations. Specifically, we treat each modality in a domain as a view and leverage the contrastive learning technique with properly designed sampling strategies. As a result, our objectives regularize feature spaces, which originally lack the connection across modalities or have less alignment across domains. We conduct experiments on domain adaptive action recognition benchmark datasets, i.e., UCF, HMDB, and EPIC-Kitchens, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our components against state-of-the-art algorithms.
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Fluorescein, Rose Bengal, Lissamine Green, and a New Dye Mixture for Ocular Surface Staining (2007)

Purpose. Sodium fluorescein is considered the premier dye for corneal staining and, similarly, rose bengal (RB) for conjunctival staining. A mixture of 1% fluorescein and 1% rose bengal has been reported as advantageous in daily practice. Mixtures of lissamine green with other ocular stains have not been reported. The purposes of this study were to review the clinical staining characteristics of fluorescein, rose bengal, and lissamine green in controlled dose and concentration and determine whether optimal staining of the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva are possible by using dye mixtures. Methods. Sixteen 10-μL solutions of fluorescein, rose bengal, lissamine green, and their mixtures were evaluated. Fourteen subjects with a diagnosis of dry eye were tested for staining with various combinations of the dyes. Examination of staining was made by using standard clinical practices. Results. A mixture of 2% fluorescein and 1% rose bengal was the most efficacious staining mixture for the cornea and conjunctiva, but moderate to marked discomfort was reported. The mixture of 2% fluorescein and 1% lissamine green did not result in discomfort and provided optimal corneal and conjunctival staining with only slightly less efficacy than 2% fluorescein and 1% rose bengal; 2% and 3% lissamine green produced burning and discomfort. The fluorescent characteristics of fluorescein were not significantly altered by the addition of 1% lissamine green. The preferred mixture for simultaneous and efficacious staining of the cornea and conjunctiva without an adverse sensation was 2% fluorescein and 1% lissamine green. Conclusions. A mixture of 2% fluorescein and 1% lissamine green offers excellent simultaneous corneal and bulbar conjunctival staining and could replace the use of individual dyes for ocular staining and contact lens practice.
Structure and Energetics of Dislocations at Micro‐Structured Complementary Interfaces Govern Adhesion (2013)

Abstract Highly enhanced adhesion can be achieved between surfaces patterned with complementary micro‐channel structures. An elastic material, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), is used to fabricate such surfaces by molding into a silicon master with micro‐channel profiles patterned by photolithography. For each pair of complementary surfaces, dislocation defects are observed in the form of visible striations, where ridges fail to fully insert into the channels, and the rotational misalignment angle was found to be the key factor controlling the dislocation distribution and adhesion strength. Adhesion between complementary interfaces, as measured by energy release rate required to propagate an interfacial crack, can be enhanced by up to 30 times compared to a flat control depending on the misalignment angle. The ability to control the orientation and periodicity of dislocation patterns by changing misalignment angle makes this system eminently controllable. This system could be a useful experimental tool in assisting research on geometry ‐ controlled adhesion, while providing a test‐bed for stability theories of interacting dislocations and crack fronts.
Entropy minimization based robust algorithm for adaptive networks (2012)

In this paper, the problem of estimating the impulse responses of individual nodes in a network of nodes is dealt. It was shown by the previous work in literature that when the nodes can interact with each other, fusion based adaptive filtering approaches are more effective than handling nodes independently. Here we are proposing the use of entropy functional based optimization in the adaptive filtering stage. We tested the new method on networks under Gaussian and ε-contaminated Gaussian noise. The results show that the proposed method achieves significant improvements in the error rates in case of ε-contaminated noise.
GaAs-based superluminescent diodes with window-like facet structure for low spectral modulation at high output powers (2016)

We demonstrate a GaAs-based superluminescent diode (SLD) based on the incorporation of a window-like back facet into a self-aligned stripe structure in order to reduce the effective facet reflectivity. This allows the realisation of SLDs with low spectral modulation depth (SMD) at high power spectral density (PSD), without the application of anti-reflection coatings to either facet. This approach is therefore compatible with ultra-broadband gain active elements. We show that 30 mW output power can be attained in a narrow bandwidth, corresponding to 2.2 mW nm -1 PSD with only 5% SMD, centred about 990 nm. We discuss the design criteria for high power and low SMD and the deviation from a linear dependence of SMD on output power, resulting from Joule heating in the self-aligned stripe.
In vitro modulatory effects of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol on the rabbit phagocytic cells (2009)

Ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol belong to the antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine for, among others, rabbit otitis, respiratory or skin diseases treatment. In the study ciprofloxacin (Polfa, Grodzisk) and water soluble chloramphenicol (Sigma) at clinically relevant concentrations were tested on their impact on inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, tumor necrosis factor-α production and the intracellular level of cAMP in the phagocytic cells isolated from rabbit blood. Both antibiotics exhibited some modulatory effects on the studied parameters.
Abstract 1728: Single cell RNA-seq analysis reveals a role of pro-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages in driving prostate cancer progression (2022)

Abstract Genomic amplification and increased expression of C-MYC are found in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (HGPIN) and primary prostate adenocarcinoma. What role C-MYC plays in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer remains unclear. A genetically engineered mouse model with a high level of human C-MYC protein expression under a probasin promoter (Hi-Myc model) was developed that captures prostate cancer progression from hyperplasia at 6-week-old, to HGPIN at 3-6 month-old, and ultimately to invasive adenocarcinoma at 8-month-old. Applying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, we have carefully studied the temporal transcriptional change in MYC-expressing tumor-initiating cells and the tumor-infiltrating immune cells to understand the cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms by which C-MYC promotes the transition from HGPIN to invasive prostate cancer. We have identified a particular type of luminal cells, Prom1+ L1 cells, as the likely tumor initiating cells in the Hi-Myc model. The MYC-expressing L1 tumor initiating cells were more abundant and cycling more often in the invasive cancer at 8-month-old, compared to the pre-invasive stage. Interestingly, significant infiltration of novel M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlated with the histologic tumor progression from HGPIN to invasive cancer. Targeting TAMs with anti-CSF1R antibody delayed prostate cancer progression and invasion, which appears to be independent of CD8 T-cells. Mechanistically, TAMs expressed a high level of IL-1b, which stimulated Hi-Myc prostate cell proliferation in an organoid co-culture system. More importantly, depleting IL-1b with a neutralizing antibody slowed prostate cancer progression in Hi-Myc mice. Lastly, we found that increased macrophage gene expression was associated with higher Gleason scores and worse disease-free survival in a TCGA clinical patient cohort. In summary, we have identified a molecular mechanism involving pro-inflammatory TAMs and IL-1b in driving early prostate cancer progression in a MYC-driven prostate cancer model, opening a potential therapeutic avenue to target TAMs and pro-inflammatory cytokine in preventing early prostate cancer progression. Citation Format: Jimmy L. Zhao, Joseph Chan, Max Land, Perianne Smith, Anuradha Gopalan, Michael Haffner, Dana Pe'er, Charles Sawyers. Single cell RNA-seq analysis reveals a role of pro-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages in driving prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1728.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Controlling Regimes during Lean Oxidation of Methane and Propylene on Pt/Al2O3 Monolithic Reactors (2011)

The performance of a catalytic reactor is bounded by the kinetic regime at low temperature (or before light-off) and the mass-transfer-controlled regime at high temperature. Pore diffusion may also be significant at intermediate temperature. We utilize the recently developed criteria (Joshi, S. Y.; Harold, M. P.; Balakotaiah, V. Chem. Eng. Sci.2010, 65, 1729–1747) to characterize the controlling regimes during lean oxidation of CH4 and C3H6 in Pt/Al2O3 monolithic reactors. First, we determine the global kinetics of lean oxidation of CH4 and C3H6 in a Pt/Al2O3 monolithic catalyst. We also present a method for estimation of the effective diffusivity of the limiting reactant and the external mass-transfer coefficient under reacting conditions. Further, we characterize the relative contributions of chemical kinetics, washcoat diffusion, and external mass transfer as a function of the various catalyst design and operating parameters. The analysis reveals that methane oxidation is kinetically controlled over a wide range of temperatures (350–600 °C) whereas propylene oxidation has a more classical transition between the kinetic and mass-transfer-controlled regimes. We use the bench-scale results to analyze the impact of various design and operating variables on transitions between the controlling regimes.
Increased Mitochondrial DNA Content in Saliva Associated with Head and Neck Cancer (2005)

Alterations of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been described in human tumors and in other tissues in association with smoking exposure. We did quantitative PCR of cytochrome c oxidase I (Cox I) and cytochrome c oxidase II (Cox II) genes on oral rinse samples obtained from 94 patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and a control group of 656 subjects. Mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA in saliva from HNSC patients and controls in relationship to smoking exposure, ethanol intake, and tumor stage were examined. Mean levels of Cox I and Cox II in saliva samples were significantly higher in HNSC patients: Cox I, 0.076 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.06-0.09] and Cox II, 0.055 (95% CI, 0.04-0.07) in comparison with controls Cox I, 0.054 (95% CI, 0.05-0.06), P < 0.0001 and Cox II, 0.046 (95% CI, 0.04-0.05), P = 0.003 (t test). MtDNA levels were elevated in primary tumors when compared with matched, pretreatment saliva and significant correlation was noted (Cox I, r = 0.30, P = 0.005 and Cox II r = 0.33, P = 0.002, respectively, Pearson's correlation). On univariate analysis, smoking, age, HNSC diagnosis, and advanced stage of HNSC were associated with higher level of mtDNA content in saliva. Multivariate analysis showed a significant and independent association of HNSC diagnosis, age, and smoking with increasing mtDNA/nuclear DNA for Cox I and Cox II. mtDNA content alteration is associated with HNSC independently of age and smoking exposure, can be detected in saliva, and may be due to elevation in mtDNA content in primary HNSC.
Effects of perfluorochemical evaporative properties on oxygenation during partial liquid ventilation (2006)

The effects of PLV are directly influenced by the evaporative property of the PFC liquid. With no replacement over 4 h, PLV effects could be maintained with utilizing a PFC liquid with low, rather than high, vapor pressure. PFC with high vapor pressure has a high loss rate and low residual volume that causes poor maintenance on oxygenation during PLV. Therefore, measuring PFC loss rate is important in future studies and clinical application of PLV.
Conformational Epitope-Specific Broadly Neutralizing Plasma Antibodies Obtained from an HIV-1 Clade C-Infected Elite Neutralizer Mediate Autologous Virus Escape through Mutations in the V1 Loop (2016)

A preventive vaccine to protect against HIV-1 is urgently needed. HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins are targets of neutralizing antibodies and represent a key component for immunogen design. The mapping of epitopes on viral envelopes vulnerable to immune evasion will aid in defining targets of vaccine immunogens. We identified novel conformational epitopes on the viral envelope targeted by broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies elicited in natural infection in an elite neutralizer infected with HIV-1 clade C. Our data extend our knowledge on neutralizing epitopes associated with virus escape and potentially contribute to immunogen design and antibody-based prophylactic therapy.
Humidification of inspired gases in the critically ill (2000)

Humidification of inspired gases is common practice in intensive care units. We review the histological and functional effects of over and under humidification. The debate over the definition of 'ideal' humidification continues. Some authors recommend fully saturated gas at 37°C, whilst others claim that gas at 32-34°C more closely approximates normal physiology. Loss of heat through the lungs is not a significant problem for the adult patient. There is no additional benefit in using inhalational strategies to rewarm hypothermic patients. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of the devices available for humidifying inspired gases, including the relatively new active heat and moisture exchangers. Although these devices have potential advantages over hot water humidifiers in terms of cost, complexity and infection risk, clinical trials are still awaited. The choice of humidifier should be tailored to the individual patient's needs. Some patients require a greater degree of humidification than can be provided by heat and moisture exchangers. Patients on medical intensive care units are more likely to fall into this group than those on surgical units. Tracheal tube obstruction can occur with any method of humidification, but is more likely with heat and moisture exchanger devices than with hot water humidifiers.
Unravelling the Dependence of Hydrogen Oxidation Kinetics on the Size of Pt Nanoparticles by in Operando Nanoplasmonic Temperature Sensing (2014)

We use a noninvasive nanoscale optical-temperature measurement method based on localized surface plasmon resonance to investigate the particle size-dependence of the hydrogen oxidation reaction kinetics on model supported Pt nanocatalysts at atmospheric pressure in operando. With decreasing average nanoparticle size from 11 down to 3 nm, the apparent reaction activation energy is found to increase from 0.5 up to 0.8 eV. This effect is attributed to an increase of the fraction of (100)-facet and edge and corner sites and their increasingly important role in the reaction with decreasing particle size.
Synthesis and validation of nondiagonal accommodation matrices for error-corrective assembly (2002)

A methodology is described by which erroneous contact configurations for a given task are used to synthesize an appropriate accommodation matrix (either diagonal or nondiagonal) such that the motions which result from contact with the environment are error corrective. The methodology is verified by the synthesis and experimental validation of a nondiagonal accommodation matrix sufficient for an error-corrective place-in-detent robotic assembly operation, an operation that fails if a diagonal accommodation matrix is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Worst-Case Performance Optimization Based Design Approach to Robust Symbol-Level Precoding for Downlink MU-MIMO (2019)

This paper addresses the optimization problem of symbol-level precoding (SLP) in the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) wireless system while the precoder's output is subject to partially-known distortions. In particular, we assume a linear distortion model with bounded additive noise. The original signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) -constrained SLP problem minimizing the total transmit power is first reformulated as a penalized unconstrained problem, which is referred to as the relaxed robust formulation. We then adopt a worst-case design approach to protect the users' intended symbols and the targeted constructive interference with a desired level of confidence. Due to the non-convexity of the relaxed robust formulation, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the block coordinate ascent-descent method. We show through simulation results that the proposed robust design is flexible in the sense that the CI constraints can be relaxed so as to keep a desirable balance between achievable rate and power consumption. Remarkably, the new formulation yields more energy-efficient solutions for appropriate choices of the penalty parameter, compared to the original SLP problem.
Towards the Prediction of Global Solution State Properties for Hydrogen Bonded, Self‐Associating Amphiphiles (2018)

Through this extensive structure-property study we show that critical micelle concentration correlates with self-associative hydrogen bond complex formation constant, when combined with outputs from low level, widely accessible, computational models. Herein, we bring together a series of 39 structurally related molecules related by stepwise variation of a hydrogen bond donor-acceptor amphiphilic salt. The self-associative and corresponding global properties for this family of compounds have been studied in the gas, solid and solution states. Within the solution state, we have shown the type of self-associated structure present to be solvent dependent. In DMSO, this class of compound show a preference for hydrogen bonded dimer formation, however moving into aqueous solutions the same compounds are found to form larger self-associated aggregates. This observation has allowed us the unique opportunity to investigate and begin to predict self-association events at both the molecular and extended aggregate level.
Design of oversampled uniform DFT filter banks with reduced inband aliasing and delay constraints (2002)

Subband adaptive filters have been proposed to avoid the drawbacks of slow convergence and high computational complexity associated with time domain adaptive filters for acoustic echo cancellation. Subband processing introduces transmission delays caused by the filter bank and signal degradations due to aliasing effects. One efficient way to reduce the aliasing effects is to allow a higher sample rate than critically needed in the subbands and thus reduce subband signal degradation. We suggest a design method, for a uniform DFT filter bank with any over sampling factor, where the total filter bank group delay may be specified, and where the aliasing and magnitude/phase distortions are minimized.
Discovery of highly insecticidal synthetic spinosyn mimics – CAMD enabled de novo design simplifying a complex natural product (2018)

Simplifying complex natural products: Computer modeling-based design leads to highly insecticidal, chemically simpler synthetic mimics of the spinosyn natural products that are active in the field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tetrahydroquinoline-Capped Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor SW-101 Ameliorates Pathological Phenotypes in a Charcot–Marie–Tooth Type 2A Mouse Model (2021)

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. SW-100 (<b>1a</b>), a phenylhydroxamate-based HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i) bearing a tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) capping group, is a highly potent and selective HDAC6i that was shown to be effective in mouse models of Fragile X syndrome and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). In this study, we report the discovery of a new THQ-capped HDAC6i, termed SW-101 (<b>1s</b>), that possesses excellent HDAC6 potency and selectivity, together with markedly improved metabolic stability and druglike properties compared to SW-100 (<b>1a</b>). X-ray crystallography data reveal the molecular basis of HDAC6 inhibition by SW-101 (<b>1s</b>). Importantly, we demonstrate that SW-101 (<b>1s</b>) treatment elevates the impaired level of acetylated α-tubulin in the distal sciatic nerve, counteracts progressive motor dysfunction, and ameliorates neuropathic symptoms in a CMT2A mouse model bearing mutant <i>MFN</i>2. Taken together, these results bode well for the further development of SW-101 (<b>1s</b>) as a disease-modifying HDAC6i.
High-throughput optical thickness and size characterization of 2D materials (2018)

We describe a method using simple optical microscopy and image processing that simultaneously characterizes thousands of nanosheets in a sample area on the order of 1 mm2. Including data acquisition and processing, both the number of atomic layers and the lateral sizes of all sheets can be obtained within a few hours-approximately 100 times faster than with previous methods, such as atomic force microscopy. This is achieved by normalizing the optical image based on substrate brightness, which eliminates inhomogeneities usually limiting optical techniques. Ultimately, the method enables robust statistical analysis of populations of nanosheet materials. We demonstrate the utility of this method by examining fractions made from a sample of graphene oxide (GO) made using an emulsion-based method. Beyond providing the morphological composition of the samples, the reported method is sensitive enough to provide information about the oxidation level of a population of GO sheets and, correspondingly, optical constants of the material.