gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innate-like NKp30 + CD8 + T cells armed with TCR/CAR target tumor heterogeneity (2021)

Intratumoral heterogeneity is frequently associated with tumor immune escape, with MHC-class I and antigen expression loss rendering tumor cells invisible to T cell killing, representing a major challenge for the design of successful adoptive transfer protocols for cancer immunotherapy. While CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell recognition of tumor cells is based on the detection of MHC-peptide complexes via specific T cell receptors (TCRs), Natural Killer (NK) cells detect tumor-associated NK ligands by an array of NK receptors. We have recently identified a population of innate-like CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells marked by the expression of NKp30, a potent natural cytotoxicity activating NK receptor, whose tumor ligand, B7H6, is frequently upregulated on several cancer types. Here, we harnessed the dual-recognition potential of NKp30<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, by arming these cells with TCRs or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (ErbB2, or HER2), a tumor-associated target overexpressed in several malignancies. HER2-specific NKp30<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells killed not only HER2-expressing target cell lines, but also eliminated tumor cells in the absence of MHC-class I or antigen expression, making them especially effective in eliminating heterogeneous tumor cell populations. Our results show that NKp30<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells equipped with a specific TCR or CAR display a dual capacity to recognize and kill target cells, combining the anti-tumor activity of both CD8<sup>+</sup> T and NK cells. This dual-recognition capacity allows these effector cells to target tumor heterogeneity, thus improving therapeutic strategies against tumor escape.
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (1978)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) develops in virtually all patients affected with multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN II), a disease inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The thyroid tumor cells secrete calcitonin (CT) and the detection of elevated plasma levels (>300 pg/ml) of this hormone in MEN II kindred members strongly suggests the presence of MTC even though it may not be evident clinically. Intravenously administered calcium ion (Ca(++)) and pentagastrin (Pg) are potent CT secretagogues which are of particular value in establishing the early diagnosis of MTC. In evaluating seven kindreds with MEN II, we detected 90 patients with MTC. Depending on the method of diagnosis, they could be divided into three categories: Group 1; patients with no clinical evidence of MTC whose undetectable basal plasma calcitonin levels became elevated following intravenous Ca(++) or Pg, Group II; patients with no clinical evidence of MTC who had elevated basal plasma CT levels, and Group III; patients with clinically evident MTC. At the time of diagnosis of MTC, the patients in Group I were younger (20.5 +/- 1.9 years) than the patients in Group II (32.5 +/- 4.7 years, p < 0.005) and Group III (34.3 +/- 2.0, p < 0.00005). The incidence of residual MTC, as indicated by an elevated plasma CT level following provocative testing postoperatively, was less frequent in patients diagnosed biochemically ([6/34]; Group I, 4/26 and Group II, 2/8) than in those diagnosed clinically (Group III, 15/26, p < 0.002). Furthermore, regional nodes were involved less often in patients diagnosed biochemically ([5/28]; Group I, 2/22 and Group II, 3/6) than in those diagnosed clinically (Group III, 15/24, p < 0.02). Distant metastases were only evident in Group III patients. Patients with MEN II who had the diagnosis of MTC established biochemically rather than clinically, had a more favorable pathological stage of disease at the time of thyroidectomy. This was especially true if the biochemical diagnosis had been by provocative testing.
Primer on gadolinium chemistry (2009)

Gadolinium is widely known by all practitioners of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but few appreciate the basic solution chemistry of this trivalent lanthanide ion. Given the recent linkage between gadolinium contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, some basic chemistry of this ion must be more widely understood. This short primer on gadolinium chemistry is intended to provide the reader the background principles necessary to understand the basics of chelation chemistry, water hydration numbers, and the differences between thermodynamic stability and kinetic stability or inertness. We illustrate the fundamental importance of kinetic dissociation rates in determining gadolinium toxicity in vivo by presenting new data for a novel europium DOTA-tetraamide complex that is relatively unstable thermodynamically yet extraordinarily inert kinetically and also quite nontoxic. This, plus other literature evidence, forms the basis of the fundamental axiom that it is the kinetic stability of a gadolinium complex, not its thermodynamic stability, that determines its in vivo toxicity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1240-1248. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acid peptidase activity released from in vitro produced porcine embryos: A candidate marker to predict developmental competence (2008)

The ability to efficiently create high quality embryos, competent to produce normal viable offspring in vitro, facilitates diverse technological advancements in animal agriculture and assisted reproduction. Current methods for evaluation of embryos are predominantly based on morphological characteristics which are prone to potential bias of the scorer. Metabolic and genetic markers have also been explored for quality assessment, but they are cost prohibitive or require longer periods of time for evaluation. We hypothesized that secreted enzymes could provide another means of embryo quality assessment. In this report, we provide evidence that medium conditioned by porcine embryos often has proteolytic activity that operates in acidic conditions (acid peptidase activity or APA). The APA could be inhibited by pepstatin A, suggesting that the activity is derived from one or more aspartic peptidases. We also provide evidence that single embryos, incubated for as few as 24 hr, released enough APA that it was possible to measure it accurately at day 5 of culture. We also observed that such activity on day 6 could be positively correlated with advanced developmental stage and embryo quality. In addition, those embryos that were graded identically by morphological evaluations often differed in the amount of APA--with some being significantly higher than the experimental threshold value. Therefore, the APA of embryos might serve as an additional marker for evaluation of embryos.
Impact of geometric variability on compressor repeating-stage performance (2003)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003.
Phospholipase C-148: Chromosomal Location and Deletion Mapping of Functional Domains (1988)

The binding of various agonists to their specific cell-surface receptors rapidly induces the formation of two second-messenger molecules derived from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Berridge 1984). The production of these second-messenger molecules is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes (Berridge 1987). Evidence has accumulated that would suggest the existence of a number of immunologically distinct enzymes with phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC activities (Hoffman and Majerus 1982; Bennett and Crooke 1987; Katan and Parker 1987; Rebecchi and Rosen 1987; Ryu et al. 1987a,b). We have recently purified, cloned, and expressed one of these PLC subtypes, which we refer to as PLC-148 (Stahl et al. 1988). PLC-148 mRNA is expressed in most cell types and is present as a single-copy gene. A comparison of the PLC-148 amino acid sequence with those present in the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) data base revealed significant homology between PLC-148 and the nonreceptor protein...
Simplifying products of fractional powers of powers (2013)

Most computer algebra systems incorrectly simplify z -- z /√ w 2 1/ w 3 -- w √ w 2 to 0 rather than to 0/0. The reasons for this are: The default simplification does not succeed in simplifying the denominator to 0. There is a rule that 0 is the result of 0 divided by anything that does not simplify to either 0 or 0/0. . Many of these systems have more powerful optional transformation and general purpose simplification functions. However that is unlikely to help this example even if one of those functions can simplify the denominator to 0, because the input to those functions is the result of default simplification, which has already incorrectly simplified the overall ratio to 0. Try it on your computer algebra systems! This article describes how to simplify products of the form w α ( w β1 ) λ1 ... ( w β n ) λ n correctly and well, where w is any real or complex expression and the exponents are rational numbers. It might seem that correct good simplification of such a restrictive expression class must already be published and/or built into at least one widely used computer-algebra system, but apparently this issue has been overlooked. Default and relevant optional simplification was tested with 86 examples on 5 systems with n = 1. Using a spectrum from the most serious flaw being a result that is not equivalent to the input somewhere to the least serious being not rationalizing a denominator when that does not cause a more serious flaw, the overall percentage of most flaw types is alarming.
18 (2014)

Badawi, Omar1; Lowery, Ashleigh2; Hassan, Erkan1; Sedeh, Reza3; Raghavan, Usha3; Elgort, Daniel3 Author Information
Sustainable Tumor-Suppressive Effect of iPSC-Derived Rejuvenated T Cells Targeting Cervical Cancers (2020)

Immunotherapy utilizing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has great potential. Functionally rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can survive long-term as young memory T cells in vivo, with continuous tumor eradication. Banking of iPSCs as an unlimited "off-the-shelf" source of therapeutic T cells may be feasible. To generate safer iPSCs, we reprogrammed human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) E6-specific CTLs by Sendai virus vector without cotransduction of SV40 large T antigen. The iPSCs efficiently differentiated into HPV16-specific rejuvenated CTLs that demonstrated robust cytotoxicity against cervical cancer. The tumor-suppressive effect of rejuvenated CTLs was stronger and more persistent than that of original peripheral blood CTLs. These rejuvenated HPV16-specific CTLs provide a sustained tumor-suppressive effect even for epithelial cancers and constitute promising immunotherapy for cervical cancer.
Spectrally Shaped DP-16QAM Super-Channel Transmission with Multi-Channel Digital Back-Propagation (2015)

The achievable transmission capacity of conventional optical fibre communication systems is limited by nonlinear distortions due to the Kerr effect and the difficulty in modulating the optical field to effectively use the available fibre bandwidth. In order to achieve a high information spectral density (ISD), while simultaneously maintaining transmission reach, multi-channel fibre nonlinearity compensation and spectrally efficient data encoding must be utilised. In this work, we use a single coherent super-receiver to simultaneously receive a DP-16QAM super-channel, consisting of seven spectrally shaped 10GBd sub-carriers spaced at the Nyquist frequency. Effective nonlinearity mitigation is achieved using multi-channel digital back-propagation (MC-DBP) and this technique is combined with an optimised forward error correction implementation to demonstrate a record gain in transmission reach of 85%; increasing the maximum transmission distance from 3190 km to 5890 km, with an ISD of 6.60 b/s/Hz. In addition, this report outlines for the first time, the sensitivity of MC-DBP gain to linear transmission line impairments and defines a trade-off between performance and complexity.
Chinese Evaluative Information Analysis (2012)

Together with the ever-growing amount of Chinese web data, the number of opinions voiced by Chinese users is rapidly increasing, and analyzing them is an important task. This paper introduces a Chinese Evaluative Information Analyzer (CEIA) and proposes a method to improve its performance. We use evaluative information as a unifying term for the information about attitudes, opinions, sentiments and so on. This paper makes three contributions: (i) CEIA can identify and analyze a more diverse and richer set of evaluative information than previous studies for Chinese; (ii) to implement the system, we constructed an original annotated corpus for Chinese evaluative information and built a large sentiment dictionary; (iii) we introduce syntactic dependency, semantic class and distance features to improve the evaluative information extraction. The performance of the system and the effectiveness of the newly introduced features are evaluated in a series of experiments on our Chinese evaluative information corpus. Title and Abstract in Chinese dddddddd dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd dddddddddCEIAddddddddddddddddddddddddddd dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd dddddidddddddddCEIAdddddddddddddddddddddd dddiidddddCEIAdddddddddddddddddddddddddddd dddddiiiddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd ddddddd
Ultra High Voltage SiC Power Devices and Its Impact on Future Power Delivery System (2014)

Wide bandgap semiconductor based power devices have the capability to reach higher voltage, higher frequency and higher temperature compared with silicon based power devices. These capabilities have the potential to revolutionize the way we deliver and manage power in the future. This paper reviews the progress of ultra high vltage SiC power devices with a focus on how it will enable the next generation power delivery systems.
Enhanced visual detection of pesticides using gold nanoparticles (2009)

The presence of parts per billion (ppb) levels of chlorpyrifos (O,O-Diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate) and malathion (S-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate), two common pesticides found in the surface waters of developing countries, have been visually detected using gold nanoparticles. Visual detection of the presence of pesticide is possible when the color change occurring by the adsorption of pesticides on gold nanoparticles is enhanced by sodium sulfate. The method presented here is simple and there is no need of sample preparation or preconcentration. The response occurs within seconds and the color change is very clear. The detection is possible if chlorpyrifos and malathion are present up to a concentration of 20 and 100 ppb, respectively. The method shows great potential for on-site pesticide monitoring. The method is also applicable as a qualitative technique for the performance evaluation of various household water filters, which claim pesticide removal.
Diversity and Evolution of Coral Fluorescent Proteins (2008)

GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FPs) are the key color determinants in reef-building corals (class Anthozoa, order Scleractinia) and are of considerable interest as potential genetically encoded fluorescent labels. Here we report 40 additional members of the GFP family from corals. There are three major paralogous lineages of coral FPs. One of them is retained in all sampled coral families and is responsible for the non-fluorescent purple-blue color, while each of the other two evolved a full complement of typical coral fluorescent colors (cyan, green, and red) and underwent sorting between coral groups. Among the newly cloned proteins are a "chromo-red" color type from Echinopora forskaliana (family Faviidae) and pink chromoprotein from Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae), both evolving independently from the rest of coral chromoproteins. There are several cyan FPs that possess a novel kind of excitation spectrum indicating a neutral chromophore ground state, for which the residue E167 is responsible (numeration according to GFP from A. victoria). The chromoprotein from Acropora millepora is an unusual blue instead of purple, which is due to two mutations: S64C and S183T. We applied a novel probabilistic sampling approach to recreate the common ancestor of all coral FPs as well as the more derived common ancestor of three main fluorescent colors of the Faviina suborder. Both proteins were green such as found elsewhere outside class Anthozoa. Interestingly, a substantial fraction of the all-coral ancestral protein had a chromohore apparently locked in a non-fluorescent neutral state, which may reflect the transitional stage that enabled rapid color diversification early in the history of coral FPs. Our results highlight the extent of convergent or parallel evolution of the color diversity in corals, provide the foundation for experimental studies of evolutionary processes that led to color diversification, and enable a comparative analysis of structural determinants of different colors.
Advances in lithium niobate photonics: development status and perspectives (2022)

Lithium niobate (LN) has experienced significant developments during past decades due to its versatile properties, especially its large electro-optic (EO) coefficient. For example, bulk LN-based modulators with high speeds and a superior linearity are widely used in typical fiber-optic communication systems. However, with everincreasing demands for signal transmission capacity, the high power and large size of bulk LN-based devices pose great challenges, especially when one of its counterparts, integrated silicon photonics, has experienced dramatic developments in recent decades. Not long ago, high-quality thin-film LN on insulator (LNOI) became commercially available, which has paved the way for integrated LN photonics and opened a hot research area of LN photonics devices. LNOI allows a large refractive index contrast, thus light can be confined within a more compact structure. Together with other properties of LN, such as nonlinear/acousto-optic/pyroelectric effects, various kinds of high-performance integrated LN devices can be demonstrated. A comprehensive summary of advances in LN photonics is provided. As LN photonics has experienced several decades of development, our review includes some of the typical bulk LN devices as well as recently developed thin film LN devices. In this way, readers may be inspired by a complete picture of the evolution of this technology. We first introduce the basic material properties of LN and several key processing technologies for fabricating photonics devices. After that, various kinds of functional devices based on different effects are summarized. Finally, we give a short summary and perspective of LN photonics. We hope this review can give readers more insight into recent advances in LN photonics and contribute to the further development of LN related research.
Recent Advances in Thermoplastic Puncture-Healing Polymers (2009)

Self-healing materials provide a route for enhanced damage tolerance in materials for aerospace applications. In particular, puncture-healing upon impact has the potential to mitigate significant damage caused by high velocity micrometeoroid impacts. This type of material also has the potential to improve damage tolerance in load bearing structures to enhance vehicle health and aircraft durability. The materials being studied are those capable of instantaneous puncture healing, providing a mechanism for mechanical property retention in lightweight structures. These systems have demonstrated healing capability following penetration of fast moving projectiles -- velocities that range from 9 mm bullets shot from a gun (approx.330 m/sec) to close to micrometeoroid debris velocities of 4800 m/sec. In this presentation, we report on a suite of polymeric materials possessing this characteristic. Figure 1 illustrates the puncture healing concept. Puncture healing in these materials is dependent upon how the combination of a polymer's viscoelastic properties responds to the energy input resulting from the puncture event. Projectile penetration increases the temperature in the vicinity of the impact. Self-healing behavior occurs following puncture, whereby energy must be transferred to the material during impact both elastically and inelastically, thus establishing two requirements for puncture healing to occur: a.) The need for the puncture event to produce a local melt state in the polymer material and b.) The molten material has to have sufficient melt elasticity to snap back and close the hole. 1,2 Previous ballistic testing studies revealed that Surlyn materials warmed up to a temperature approx.98 C during projectile puncture (3 C higher than it s melting temperature). 1,2 The temperature increase produces a localized flow state and the melt elasticity to snap back thus sealing the hole. Table 1 lists the commercially polymers studied here, together with their physical properties. The polymers were selected based on chemical structure, tensile strengths, tensile moduli, glass transition temperature, melting temperatures, and impact strength. The thermal properties of the polymers were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). Mechanical properties were assessed by a Sintech 2W instron according to ASTM D1708 or D638 at crosshead speeds of 5.08 cm/min. 7.6 cm x 7.6 cm panels of the different materials were prepared and ballistic testing was performed at various temperatures. The panels were shot with a .223 caliber semiautomatic rifle from a distance of 23 meters at various temperatures. Chronographs were used to measure initial and final bullet velocity. Temperatures at the site of impact were measured using a FLIR ThermaCAM S60 thermal camera. A Vision Research model Phantom 9 high speed video camera was used to capture high speed video footage of ballistics testing.
Effects of Cardiac Complications on Cardiovascular Events in Japanese High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Subanalysis of the CASE-J Trial (2009)

Cardiac complications are independent predictors for cardiovascular events in Japanese high-risk hypertensive patients. In particular, LVH is related to cerebrovascular events and IHD is related to cardiac death and other cardiac events.