gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Orchestration of Host and Remote Shared Memory for Memory Intensive Workloads (2020)

Since very few contributions to the development of an unified memory orchestration framework for efficient management of both host and remote idle memory have been made, we present Valet, an efficient approach to orchestration of host and remote shared memory for improving performance of memory intensive workloads. The paper makes three original contributions. First, we redesign the data flow in the critical path by introducing a host-coordinated memory pool that works as a local cache to reduce the latency in the critical path of the host and remote memory orchestration. Second, Valet utilizes unused local memory across containers by managing local memory via Valet host-coordinated memory pool, which allows containers to dynamically expand and shrink their memory allocations according to the workload demands. Third, Valet provides an efficient remote memory reclaiming technique on remote peers, based on two optimizations: (1) an activity-based victim selection scheme to allow the least-active-block of data to be selected for serving the eviction requests and (2) a migration protocol to move the least-active-block of data to less-memory-pressured remote node. As a result, Valet can effectively reduce the performance impact and migration overhead on local nodes. Our extensive experiments on both NoSQL systems and Machine Learning (ML) workloads show that Valet outperforms existing representative remote paging systems by up to 282 × throughput improvement and up to 98% latency decrease over conventional OS swap facility for big data and ML workloads, and by up to 5.3 × throughput improvement and up to 80% latency decrease over the state-of-the-art remote paging systems. Valet is open sourced at https://github.com/git-disl/Valet.
The transition from a TEM-like mode to a plasmonic mode in parallel-plate waveguides (2011)

We describe subwavelength-resolved measurements of the broadband terahertz field propagating inside a finite-width parallel-plate waveguide. We observe a transition in the spatial mode of the waveguide, in which the energy distribution shifts from the waveguide center to the edges with increasing frequency. This transition is surprisingly abrupt, and depends sensitively on the gap between the waveguide plates. These results may have important implications for a variety of terahertz experiments as well as in the design of optical systems and components in the visible and near-infrared regimes, which rely on plasmonic wave guiding.
Multimode Storage and Retrieval of Microwave Fields in a Spin Ensemble (2014)

Quantum computing promises to tackle computational problems that are intractable with classical computers. Researchers demonstrate that spin ensembles can store quantum information over longer times than previously achieved, a significant step toward a quantum memory.
Hard X-ray multi-projection imaging for single-shot approaches (2018)

Obtaining 3D information from a single X-ray exposure at high-brilliance sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) [1] or diffraction-limited storage rings [2], allows the study of fast dynamical processes in their native environment. However, current X-ray 3D methodologies are either not compatible with single-shot approaches because they rely on multiple exposures, such as confocal microscopy [3, 4] and tomography [5, 6]; or they record a single projection per pulse [7] and are therefore restricted to approximately two-dimensional objects [8]. Here we propose and verify experimentally a novel imaging approach named X-ray multi-projection imaging (XMPI), which simultaneously acquires several projections without rotating the sample at significant tomographic angles. When implemented at high-brilliance sources it can provide volumetric information using a single pulse. Moreover, XMPI at MHz repetition XFELs could allow a way to record 3D movies of deterministic or stochastic natural processes in the micrometer to nanometer resolution range, and at time scales from microseconds down to femtoseconds.
Freeze concentration of fruit juices (1984)

Concentration of aqueous foods such as fruit juices, milk, beer, wine, coffee, and tea, is a major unit operation in the food industry. Technically feasible processes that are commercially available for the concentration of liquid foods include evaporation, freeze concentration, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration. Evaporation is considered to be the most economical and most widely used method of concentration. However, it is not suited for food products with very delicate flavors. Commercial processes for the concentration of such products by membrane separation techniques are not yet available. As compared to the conventional evaporation processes, concentration by freezing is potentially a superior and economic process for aroma-rich liquid foods. In the past, the process, however, was seldom used because of the investment cost and the considerable loss of concentrate in the withdrawn ice, and hence, the quality. Recent technological developments have minimized these two drawbacks associated with the earlier freeze concentration processes. In the coming decade, freeze concentration is seen as a potentially attractive method for the concentration of aroma-rich liquid foods, including fruit juices, coffee, tea, and selected alcoholic beverages. In this article, several aspects of the theoretical considerations behind freeze concentration of fruit juices, the development of new and cheaper designs, and commercially available freeze concentration processes are reviewed. The economics of the process and its application to several other areas of the food industry are also discussed.
Sheet Membrane Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator (2013)

A document describes a sheet membrane spacesuit water membrane evaporator (SWME), which allows for the use of one common water tank that can supply cooling water to the astronaut and to the evaporator. Test data showed that heat rejection performance dropped only 6 percent after being subjected to highly contaminated water. It also exhibited robustness with respect to freezing and Martian atmospheric simulation testing. Water was allowed to freeze in the water channels during testing that simulated a water loop failure and vapor backpressure valve failure. Upon closing the backpressure valve and energizing the pump, the ice eventually thawed and water began to flow with no apparent damage to the sheet membrane. The membrane evaporator also serves to de-gas the water loop from entrained gases, thereby eliminating the need for special degassing equipment such as is needed by the current spacesuit system. As water flows through the three annular water channels, water evaporates with the vapor flowing across the hydrophobic, porous sheet membrane to the vacuum side of the membrane. The rate at which water evaporates, and therefore, the rate at which the flowing water is cooled, is a function of the difference between the water saturation pressure on the water side of the membrane, and the pressure on the vacuum side of the membrane. The primary theory is that the hydrophobic sheet membrane retains water, but permits vapor pass-through when the vapor side pressure is less than the water saturation pressure. This results in evaporative cooling of the remaining water.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Terpene‐Based Chiral Bis‐α‐aminooximes and the Corresponding Macrocycles: X‐Ray Structure of a Ring‐Fused 5,7‐Dioxa‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotrideca‐3,8‐diene Derivative. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Perceived risk profile and treatment optimization in heart failure: an analysis from BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in chronic heart failure (2021)

Patients in whom clinicians did not give a reason why up-titration was missed were older and had more co-morbidities. Patients in whom up-titration was achieved did not have excess adverse events. However, from these observational findings, the pattern of subsequent adverse events among patients in whom up-titration was missed cannot be determined.
Promotional Effect of Cu₂S–ZnS Nanograins as a Shell Layer on ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Boosting Visible Light Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution (2020)

The construction of systematically designed heterostructures with different integrated functionalities in a well-oriented nanoarchitecture is an efficient strategy for attaining high-performance photocatalysts. In this work, a heterostructural platform of ZnO–ZnS–Cu₂S core–shell nanorod (NR) arrays is prepared as a photocatalyst for efficient H₂ evolution using visible light. The fabrication is a three-step process involving solution growth of a ZnO NR array, followed by reactive sputtering of Cu₂O, and then a sulfidation reaction. Addition of a ZnS interlayer to the ZnO–Cu₂S core–shell arrays further extends the visible light absorbance range and promotes effective charge carrier separation. More importantly, the transition of Cu₂O into Cu₂S ensures the effective interaction of the core–shell assembly with the ZnS-based interface, thereby creating a valuable energy-level configuration and spectral bands that allow accurate separation of the photogenerated charge carrier. The effective H₂ evolution in response to visible light irradiation is 436 μmol h–¹ g–¹ for the ZnO–ZnS–Cu₂S (8 h) NR arrays, which is 2.55 and 1.61 times higher than that achieved with ZnO–Cu₂O and ZnO–Cu₂S photocatalytic NR arrays, respectively. The pollutant degradation rate for ZnO–ZnS–Cu₂S (8 h) NR arrays under visible light irradiation is 7.8, 2.7, and 1.6 times higher than that achieved with pristine ZnO, ZnO–Cu₂O, and ZnO–Cu₂S core–shell structures, respectively. These visible light-responsive core–shell heterostructures show promising reuse properties and maintain their stability during use.
Control of Kerr-microresonator optical frequency comb by a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2019)

A technique to integrate key functions of a Kerr-microresonator optical frequency comb into one device, i.e., a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder interferometer (DP-MZI), is proposed. In the technique, a DP-MZI enables the control of carrier envelope offset frequency (f<sub>ceo</sub>), as well as repetition frequency (f<sub>rep</sub>), in addition to generating a stable dissipative Kerr soliton. In experiments, influences on f<sub>ceo</sub> and f<sub>rep</sub> by pump frequency and power modulation via a DP-MZI are investigated, followed by a demonstration of long-term full stabilization of a microresonator soliton comb to a fiber-based optical frequency comb. As another example demonstration, timing jitter of a microresonator soliton comb is significantly suppressed by referencing to a fiber through a two-wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer (TWDI).
A numerical absorbing boundary condition for 3D edge‐based finite‐element analysis of very low‐frequency fields (1995)

Abstract The numerical absorbing boundary condition (NABC) approach in conjunction with the three‐dimensional edge‐based formulation of the finite‐element method (FEM) is applied to the problem of very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic radiation and scattering. The key step in the NABC approach is to derive linear relationships that link the values of the field along the boundary edges to those at the neighboring ones. Derived via a robust SVD‐based scheme, these linear relationships are satisfied, to within a certain tolerance, by all of the outgoing weve components. They can thus be used in lieu of the FEM equations employing the usual absorbing boundary conditions for the boundary edges. Although the NABC approach provides a simple way to derive an accurate local boundary condition for mesh truncation at an arbitrary frequency, it appears to be the only viable absorbing boundary condition at VLF, because the conventional absorbing boundary conditions are almost as reflecting as perfectly conducting magnetic walls at these frequencies. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Supplementary Table 2 from Cross-Species Functional Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Identifies a Critical Role for CLCF1 and IL-6 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 27K, Onto-Express Analysis for Functional Pathways&lt;/p&gt;
Electrically Induced Color Changes in Polymer‐Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2013)

Large-scale color changes (100s of nm) in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with a negative dielectric anisotropy are presented. Reflection peak tuning is enabled with DC electric fields through a unique peak splitting behavior. This simple approach can be applied in a variety of photonic applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
On the performance and cost of some PRAM models on CMP hardware (2008)

The Parallel Random Access Machine is a very strong model of parallel computing that has resisted cost-effective implementation attempts for decades. Recently, the development of VLSI technology has provided means for indirect on-chip implementation, but there are different variants of the PRAM model that provide different performance, area and power figures and it is not known how their implementations compare to each others. In this paper we measure the performance and estimate the cost of practical implementations of four PRAM models including EREW, Limited Arbitrary CRCW, Full Arbitrary CRCW, Full Arbitrary Multioperation CRCW on our Eclipse chip multiprocessor framework. Interestingly, the most powerful model shows the lowest relative cost and highest performance/area and performance/power figures.
Evaluation of halomethylated poly(methylphenylsilane)s as electron-beam resists (1997)

Polysilane analogues of halomethylated poly(styrene)s, chloromethylated and bromomethylated poly(methylphenylsilane), have been prepared from the parent polymer by reaction with the appropriate halomethyl methyl ether. The polymers undergo a single-stage crosslinking reaction when irradiated with 20 kV electrons. As electron beam resists they operate in negative-working mode but their performance is poor in comparison to the corresponding poly(styrene) derivatives. The low lithographic sensitivities and attainable contrasts are shown to arise as a consequence of a competitive chain scission reaction which in the case of the bromomethylated system increases with increasing bromomethyl content. The radiation chemistries of the systems are rationalised in terms of modifications of the crosslinking and scission mechanisms that are thought to operate in the corresponding resists based on poly(chloromethylstyrene-stat-styrene).
In-situ Electrical Measurements on Thick Film Dielectrics (1993)

In this paper, it is shown that the so-called in-situ electrical measurement technique is a valuable tool for understanding failure mechanisms in thick film dielectrics. The technique makes it possible to measure important electrical characteristics of thick film dielectric systems in the temperature range from room temperature up to 900°C. This information is essential to understand failure mechanisms and to optimise the system with respect to quality and reliability. Mainly two electrical properties have been investigated: (i) the electrical resistance of the dielectric as a function of temperature and (ii) the spontaneous electromotive force occurring at higher temperatures between two metal layers with the dielectric in between. A significant result of the work is the observation of a close correlation between the leakage current measured through the dielectric at elevated temperatures, and the ability of the dielectric to resist shorting and blistering effects during the preparation of circuits. Secondly, from in-situ voltage measurements, it was confirmed that the mixed metallurgy system Au(bottom)-dielectric-Ag(top) acts at 850°C as a spontaneous battery, and the battery voltage (i.e., the spontaneous electromotive force) was measured. Depending on the type of dielectric, a battery voltage up to 200 mV between the two metal layers was observed. As a result of this spontaneous electromotive force, blistering occurs. The battery voltage was shown to be much smaller in unmixed metallurgy systems with Ag(bottom)-dielectric-Ag(top) or Au(bottom)-dielectric-Au(top). However, if an external voltage of 300 mV is applied to such a system during a temperature profile up to 850°C, blisters can also be induced. This shows unambiguously that blistering is a voltage driven effect.
The medicinal chemist's toolbox for late stage functionalization of drug-like molecules (2015)

The advent of modern C-H functionalization chemistries has enabled medicinal chemists to consider a synthetic strategy, late stage functionalization (LSF), which utilizes the C-H bonds of drug leads as points of diversification for generating new analogs. LSF approaches offer the promise of rapid exploration of structure activity relationships (SAR), the generation of oxidized metabolites, the blocking of metabolic hot spots and the preparation of biological probes. This review details a toolbox of intermolecular C-H functionalization chemistries with proven applicability to drug-like molecules, classified by regioselectivity patterns, and gives guidance on how to systematically develop LSF strategies using these patterns and other considerations. In addition, a number of examples illustrate how LSF approaches have been used to impact actual drug discovery and chemical biology efforts.
Fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite thin films for planar solar cells via pulsed laser deposition (2016)

We report on fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite thin films using a hybrid method consisting of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of lead iodide and spin-coating of methylammonium iodide. Smooth and highly crystalline CH3NH3PbI3 thin films have been fabricated on silicon and glass coated substrates with fluorine doped tin oxide using this PLD-based hybrid method. Planar perovskite solar cells with an inverted structure have been successfully fabricated using the perovskite films. Because of its versatility, the PLD-based hybrid fabrication method not only provides an easy and precise control of the thickness of the perovskite thin films, but also offers a straightforward platform for studying the potential feasibility in using other metal halides and organic salts for formation of the organic-inorganic perovskite structure.
Mixed Micelles of Anionic−Nonionic and Anionic−Zwitterionic Surfactants Analyzed by Pulsed Field Gradient NMR (2000)

The micellar composition of two binary surfactant systems, that is, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/pentaethylene glycol monodecyl ether (C10E5) and SDS/lauryl amido propyl betaine (LAPB), has been analyzed by pulsed gradient spin−echo NMR (FT-PGSE NMR). The experimental data have been compared to theoretical predictions based on the regular solution theory that takes into account the nonideal mixing of the surfactant pairs. Although good agreement between experiment and theory is observed for the SDS/C10E5 pair, some discrepancy is noted for the LAPB/SDS system, particularly at a high molar fraction of SDS.
Electric Properties of the Y-Ba-Cu-O/Ag Interface (1988)

The energy gap parameter 2 Δ induced in Ag, evaporated on an Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) film, was determined by a quasi-particle tunneling experiment for a YBCO/Ag/PbO x /Pb junction. The energy gap 2 Δ was as large as 35 mV at 4 K and decreased almost linearly with an increase in temperature, vanishing at about 45 K. The same type of junction with a larger tunnel conductance showed a tunnel-type Josephson characteristic below the critical temperature of Pb.
Sample-Efficient Learning of Deformable Linear Object Manipulation in the Real World Through Self-Supervision (2021)

Deformable object manipulation has potential for a wide range of real-world applications, but is still largely unsolved due to the complex dynamics and difficulty of state estimation. Learning-based approaches have recently accelerated progress, but generally depend heavily on large simulated datasets, human demonstrations or both. In this study, we propose a novel sample-efficient learning approach to deformable linear object manipulation (e.g. rope) that can be applied directly to the real world, without requiring any simulated or human demonstration data. We transform the observation and action space into a canonical image representation, allowing us to leverage the spatial structure preserving abilities of fully-convolutional networks to learn image-based predictive models. We name our approach Canonical Visual Forward model (CaVFM). We pair this learning approach with self-supervised data collection and learning on a real robot, and demonstrate its effectiveness at goal reaching tasks with only 1,000 samples of real-world data. Our method out-performs prior methods in this extreme low-data regime, without suffering performance loss when larger datasets are available.
HLA Class I Binding Motifs Derived from Random Peptide Libraries Differ at the COOH Terminus from Those of Eluted Peptides (1997)

Recombinant HLA-A2, HLA-B8, or HLA-B53 heavy chain produced in Escherichia coli was combined with recombinant beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) and a pool of randomly synthesised nonamer peptides. This mixture was allowed to refold to form stable major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I complexes, which were then purified by gel filtration chromatography. The peptides bound to the MHC class I molecules were subsequently eluted and sequenced as a pool. Peptide binding motifs for these three MHC class I molecules were derived and compared with previously described motifs derived from analysis of naturally processed peptides eluted from the surface of cells. This comparison indicated that the peptides bound by the recombinant MHC class I molecules showed a similar motif to naturally processed and presented peptides, with the exception of the peptide COOH terminus. Whereas the motifs derived from naturally processed peptides eluted from HLA-A2 and HLA-B8 indicated a strong preference for hydrophobic amino acids at the COOH terminus, this preference was not observed in our studies. We propose that this difference reflects the effects of processing or transport on the peptide repertoire available for binding to MHC class I molecules in vivo.
Complementary GaAs junction-gated heterostructure field effect transistor technology (1994)

The first circuit results for a new GaAs complementary logic technology are presented. The technology allows for independently optimizable p- and nchannel transistors with junction gates. Excellent loaded gate delays of 179 ps at 1.2 V and 319 ps at 0.8 V have been demonstrated at low power supply voltages. A power-delay product of 8.9 fJ was obtained at 0.8 V.
Facile Preparation of Helical Ladder-type Polymers with Fused Phenoxathiine Rings (2004)

Abstract Poly(3-chiral methylsulfinyl-1,2-phenyleneoxide) was synthesized, and the regioselective intramolecular ring-closing of the pendant sulfoxide on the polymer formed the corresponding helical ladder structure comprising of a fused phenoxathiine ring. The CD of the ladder polymer gave a Cotton effect which was caused by the chirality of the pendant group.