gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiation of autoimmunity by a reactive metabolite of a lupus-inducing drug in the thymus. (1999)

Drug-induced lupus is a side effect of deliberate ingestion of various medications, but its etiology, underlying mechanisms, and pathogenesis are puzzling. In vivo metabolic transformation of lupus-inducing drugs to reactive products explains how a heterogeneous set of drugs can mediate the same disease syndrome. Evidence has accumulated that drugs are transformed by extracellular oxidation from reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase produced when neutrophils are activated, maximizing the in situ accumulation of reactive drug metabolites within lymphoid compartments. The metabolite of procainamide, procainamide hydroxylamine, displays diverse biologic properties, but no apparent autoimmune effect has been observed. However, when procainamide hydroxylamine was introduced into the thymus of young adult normal mice, a delayed but robust autoimmune response developed. Disruption of central T-cell tolerance by intrathymic procainamide hydroxylamine resulted in the production of chromatin-reactive T cells that apparently drove the autoantibody response in the periphery. Drug-induced autoantibodies in this mouse model were remarkably similar to those in patients with procainamide-induced lupus. Therefore, this system has considerable promise to provide insight into the initiating events in drug-induced lupus and may provide a paradigm for how other xenobiotics might induce systemic autoimmunity.
An UWB relative location system (2004)

This paper describes an UWB location system that employs relative location principles to provide enhanced location performance in wireless networks. The system takes advantage of peer-to-peer range measurements between the devices and their neighbors. The collective range information is used to jointly estimate the location of the devices in the network providing enhanced performance.
Restored Impulse Response of Finite-Range Image Deblurring Filter (1975)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. A. Tichenor and J. W. Goodman, "Restored Impulse Response of Finite-Range Image Deblurring Filter," Appl. Opt. 14, 1059-1060 (1975) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Unitary Approximate Message Passing for Matrix Factorization (2022)

We consider matrix factorization (MF) with certain constraints, which finds wide applications in various areas. Leveraging variational inference (VI) and unitary approximate message passing (UAMP), we develop a Bayesian approach to MF with an efficient message passing implementation, called UAMPMF. With proper priors imposed on the factor matrices, UAMPMF can be used to solve many problems that can be formulated as MF, such as non negative matrix factorization, dictionary learning, compressive sensing with matrix uncertainty, robust principal component analysis, and sparse matrix factorization. Extensive numerical examples are provided to show that UAMPMF significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of recovery accuracy, robustness and computational complexity.
Fixed bed carbonaceous fuel gasifier (1967)

While a great deal of behavior analytic research has focussed on studying current contingencies, the amount of work done in the area of conditioning history is spotty, at best. Weiner (1964, 1969) conducted history research with human subjects, but little has followed in either the human or the nonhuman literature. Some direction can also be found in the literature studying the effects of conditioning on drug effects (e.g., Barrett, 1977; Urbain, Poling, Millam, & Thompson, 1978). However, "behavioral history" or "conditioning history" has not been a fully-developed area within behavior analysis. It is suggested that empirical work on history effects might have implications for (a) better understanding human-nonhuman behavioral differences and similarities, (b) clinical applications, especially where clients are resistant to behavioral change, and (c) theoretical assumptions in behavior analysis in relation to both basic and applied concerns.
Visible Light‐Mediated Conversion of Alcohols to Bromides by a Benzothiadiazole‐Containing Organic Photocatalyst (2019)

Abstract The search for metal‐free, stable and high effective photocatalysts with sufficient photo‐redox potentials remains a key challenge for organic chemists. Here, we present a benzothiadiazole‐containing molecular organic photocatalyst with redox potentials of −1.30 V and +1.64 V vs . SCE. The singlet state lifetime is 13 ns. Direct conversion from aliphatic alcohols to bromides has been conducted with the designed organic photocatalyst under visible light irradiation with high efficiency and selectivity. The catalytic efficiency of the novel benzothiadiazole‐based photocatalyst is comparable with the state‐of‐art metal and non‐metal catalysts. Furthermore, advanced photophysical studies including time‐resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy offer a powerful support for photo‐induced electron transfer from photocatalyst to the reactive substrates. Lastly, no photo‐bleaching effect is observed, demonstrating the high stability and recyclable of the designed organic photocatalyst. magnified image
Plasma-Based Dynamic Stall Control and Modeling on an Aspect-Ratio-One Wing (2021)

Quasi-static and dynamic stall control experiments, using dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators, were performed on a square-tipped aspect-ratio-one wing, with a NACA 0015 profile, under harmonic pitching, at a Reynolds number of . Relatively low and relatively high pulse-modulated reduced excitation frequencies were introduced at the leading edge; the former produced the largest poststall lift improvements, whereas the latter produced the highest maximum lift. A reduced frequency, based on laminar separation bubble shedding, was enlisted to explain the differences between the two results. Under conditions of dynamic pitching, evidence of a dynamic stall vortex was absent, due to its interaction with the strong tip vortices, consistent with prior experimental and numerical investigations. As a general rule, performance benefits produced by excitation under quasi-static conditions were reproduced under harmonic pitching. Low-order dynamic stall and dynamic stall control models, based on a modified version of the Goman–Khrabrov delta-wing concept, were evaluated. Model constants were obtained from quasi-static data sets, and a single baseline dynamic case was employed to determine the time constants. The model produced excellent results for both baseline and controlled cases, which was attributed to similar lift and stall mechanisms exhibited by delta and rectangular low-aspect-ratio planforms.
Non-Contact Rolling Bond Stiffness Characterization of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Particles (2011)

Two techniques, based on a contact lateral pushing and a noncontact base excitation, were utilized to characterize the adhesion behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) particles. The micro-spherical PVP particles deposited on silicon substrates were excited by an ultrasonic transducer and the transient particle response was acquired by an interferometer. The natural frequencies of the particle rocking motion were extracted by comparing the vibrational spectra of the particles to those of the substrate. The obtained frequencies were then used to determine the work of adhesion of the contact. Rolling resistance moment-based lateral pushing experiments were also conducted on similar PVP particles. The resulting slopes of force–displacement curves were utilized to obtain the work of adhesion. The work of adhesion results determined from the noncontact measurements and lateral pushing measurements were in good agreement. In order to characterize the particle/substrate adhesion bond, different contact modes (i.e., rigid contact, neck-shaped contact, and an equivalent torsional spring) in the contact area were considered. For each case, the expected natural frequencies of the rocking motion were extracted from the slopes of force–displacement curves obtained in the contact lateral pushing experiments. The existence of all possible modes of the particle/substrate bond was verified because all expected natural frequencies were observed in the noncontact acoustic measurements.
A Portable Albumin Binder from a DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library (2008)

Die Bindung an Plasmaproteine verbessert die pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften anderenfalls kurzlebiger Moleküle. Ein niedermolekularer Albuminbinder wurde genutzt, um die Halbwertszeiten zweier verbreiteter Kontrastmittel im Blutkreislauf zu erhöhen. Die Verbindung steigert die Leistungsfähigkeit von Fluorescein bei der angiographischen Analyse der Netzhaut im Mausmodell (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z704936_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The nucleophilic 5-endo-trig cyclization of gem-difluoroolefins with homoallylic functional groups: syntheses of ring-fluorinated dihydroheteroaromatics (2000)

gem-Difluoroolefins bearing homoallylic tosylamido, hydroxy, or mercapto groups undergo intramolecular nucleophilic substitution of the nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur with loss of fluorine via a 5-endo-trig process, leading to 2-fluoro-2-pyrrolines, 5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrofurans, or -thiophenes in high yields.
Mask stretching for next generation lithography masks (2001)

Next generation lithography tools, such as X-ray, ion, or electron beam lithography equipment set different standards for mask fabrication. A thin film membrane is now the carrier of the pattern to be copied on a substrate. Systematic aberrations are inevitable due to heat distortion during exposure and other influences. The possibility of integrating an active correction system in the mask is investigated and the mechanics for the elastic in-plane stretching of the mask are developed. Equations that relate actuator displacements to the displacement of a finite number of measurement points (or precision points) are derived for in-plane actuation of the mask membrane. A large-scale experimental model as well as a finite-element model was used to demonstrate the validity of this method.
Ultrathin Al2O3 Protective Layer to Stabilize the Electrochromic Switching Performance of Amorphous WOx Thin Films (2023)

Abstract Electrochromic materials play a key role in smart windows, displays or anti‐glare rear‐view mirrors. Tungsten oxide is an intensely studied representative due to its extraordinary coloring performance. For commercial use, however, further optimization of the general cycle stability as well as the protection against external factors, such as moisture, is a still ongoing focus of research. In this study, the stabilization of the electrochromic switching performance of tungsten oxide is investigated using an ultrathin optimized Al 2 O 3 protective coating, grown by atomic layer deposition. Amorphous tungsten oxide (a‐WO x ) thin films are prepared by reactive radio‐frequency sputtering. The composition as well as electronic structure of the pure a‐WO x films is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochromic properties of the multilayer system are investigated in a nonaqueous electrolyte as well as in an electrolyte containing 10 vol% water. On the basis of these results, the stabilizing effect on the electrochromic switching characteristics of a‐WO x by the use of the additional thin Al 2 O 3 protective layer is evident. It is shown that degradation and ageing of a‐WO x due to moisture can be prevented and coloration efficiencies of 50.4 cm 2 C −1 can be achieved at 630 nm.
Characterization of the Unfolding Process of Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D Synthase (2003)

We found that low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl, <0.75 M) or urea (<1.5 M) enhanced the enzyme activity of lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS) maximally 2.5- and 1.6-fold at 0.5 M GdnHCl and 1 M urea, respectively. The catalytic constants in the absence of denaturant and in the presence of 0.5 M GdnHCl or 1 m urea were 22, 57, and 30 min(-1), respectively, and the K(m) values for the substrate, PGH(2), were 2.8, 8.3, and 2.3 microm, respectively, suggesting that the increase in the catalytic constant was mainly responsible for the activation of L-PGDS. The intensity of the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum at 218 nm, reflecting the beta-sheet content, was also increased by either denaturant in a concentration-dependent manner, with the maximum at 0.5 M GdnHCl or 1 M urea. By plotting the enzyme activities against the ellipticities at 218 nm of the CD spectra of L-PGDS in the presence or absence of GdnHCl or urea, we found two states in the reversible folding process of L-PGDS: one is an activity-enhanced state and the other, an inactive state. The NMR analysis of L-PGDS revealed that the hydrogen-bond network was reorganized to be increased in the activity-enhanced state formed in the presence of 0.5 M GdnHCl or 1 m urea and to be decreased but still remain in the inactive intermediate observed in the presence of 2 M GdnHCl or 4 M urea. Furthermore, binding of the nonsubstrate ligands, bilirubin or 13-cis-retinal, to L-PGDS changed from a multistate mode in the native form of L-PGDS to a simple two-state mode in the activity-enhanced form, as monitored by CD spectra of the bound ligands. Therefore, L-PGDS is a unique protein whose enzyme activity and ligand-binding property are biphasically altered during the unfolding process by denaturants.
Activation of Adenosine 2A Receptors Preserves Structure and Function of Podocytes (2007)

Adenosine 2A receptor (A(2A)R) activation was recently shown to be renoprotective in diabetic nephropathy. A(2A)R are found in glomeruli and have been shown to associate with the podocyte cytoskeletal protein alpha-actinin-4, but the effect of their activation on podocyte structure and function is unknown. Podocyte injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice with puromycin aminonucleoside, and the selective A(2A)R agonist ATL313 was found to attenuate the resulting albuminuria and foot process fusion. The selective A(2A)R antagonist ZM241385 reversed the effects of ATL313. In vitro, A(2A)R mRNA and protein were expressed in a conditionally immortalized podocyte cell line, and A(2A)R-like immunoreactivity co-localized with the actin cytoskeleton. Treatment with ATL313 also blocked the increased podocyte permeability to albumin and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton that accompanied puromycin aminonucleoside-induced injury in vitro. ATL313 was ineffective, however, in the presence of the A(2A)R antagonist and in A(2A)R-deficient podocytes. It was concluded that A(2A)R activation reduces glomerular proteinuria, at least in part, by preserving the normal structure of podocyte foot processes, slit diaphragms, and actin cytoskeleton.
Discovery of TNP-470 and Other Angiogenesis Inhibitors (1997)

Most types of cancer chemotherapy, either currently available or in development, are cytotoxic in that they are designed to kill rapidly growing tumor cells. Because many normal tissues contain stem cells that also proliferate rapidly (e.g., bone marrow, hair follicles, intestines), these types of agents often cause many side effects, and thus, their clinical effectiveness is limited. For this reason, many in the cancer field have begun to pursue different approaches.
S-nitrosoglutathione inhibits α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and ligand binding in pulmonary artery (2005)

Endogenous nitric oxide donor compounds (S-nitrosothiols) contribute to low vascular tone by both cGMP-dependent and -independent pathways. We have reported that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction via a cGMP-independent mechanism likely involving S-nitrosylation of its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) system. Because catecholamines, like 5-HT, constrict lung vessels via a GPCR coupled to G(q), we hypothesized that S-nitrosothiols modify the alpha1-adrenergic GPCR system to inhibit pulmonary vasoconstriction by receptor agonists, e.g., phenylephrine (PE). Rat pulmonary artery rings were pretreated for 30 min with and without an S-nitrosothiol, either GSNO or S-nitrosocysteine (CSNO), and constricted with sequential concentrations of PE (10(-8)-10(-6) M). Effective cGMP-dependence was tested in rings pretreated with soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors {either 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or LY-83583} or G kinase inhibitor (KT-5823), and a thiol reductant [dithiothreitol (DTT)] was used to test reversibility of S-nitrosylation. Both S-nitrosothiols attenuated the PE dose response. The GSNO effect was not prevented by LY-83583, ODQ, or KT-5823, indicating cGMP independence. GSNO inhibition was reversed by DTT, consistent with S-nitrosylation or other GSNO-mediated cysteine modifications. In CSNO-treated lung protein, the alpha1-adrenergic receptor was shown to undergo S-nitrosylation in vitro using a biotin switch assay. Studies of alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtype expression and receptor density by saturation binding with 125I-HEAT showed that GSNO decreased alpha1-adrenergic receptor density but did not alter affinity for antagonist or agonist. These data demonstrate a novel cGMP-independent mechanism of reversible alpha1-adrenergic receptor inhibition by S-nitrosothiols.
Effects of hydrochloric acid on duodenal and jejunal mucosal permeability in the rat (1989)

The effects of various concentrations of hydrochloric acid (1, 5, 10, and 100 mM) on mucosal permeability and acid disappearance (H+-dis) in duodenum and jejunum were studied in anesthetized rats. Mucosal permeability was assessed by measuring blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-labeled EDTA (ED-Cl). Luminal alkalinization (LA) and H+-dis were determined by backtitration. ED-Cl was stable during saline perfusion and was not affected by changes in intestinal blood flow. Basal ED-Cl was four times higher in duodenum than in jejunum. Mucosal permeability of both duodenum and jejunum was not altered by 1 mM HCl. However, 5 mM HCl induced a 3.3-fold increase (P less than 0.001) in ED-Cl in jejunum but was without effect in duodenum. A 15-fold increase in ED-Cl was obtained in jejunum and a doubling (P less than 0.001) in ED-Cl was observed in duodenum when HCl concentration was increased to 10 mM HCl. One hundred millimolar HCl induced large increases of ED-Cl in both segments. The twofold increase of ED-Cl in response to 10 mM HCl in duodenum was completely reversible, whereas ED-Cl in jejunum was three to four times higher (P less than 0.05) than preacid levels 60 min after cessation of acid perfusion. The net increase in jejunal ED-Cl obtained after acid exposure was closely correlated (r = 0.99) with the net increase in LA, indicating leakage of interstitial fluid into the luminal solution. LA (saline perfusion) and H+-dis (HCl perfusion) were significantly higher in duodenum than in jejunum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular basis for governing the morphology of type-I collagen fibrils by Osteomodulin (2018)

Abstract Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) proteins have an important role in the organization of the extracellular matrix, especially in the formation of collagen fibrils. However, the mechanism governing the shape of collagen fibrils is poorly understood. Here, we report that the protein Osteomodulin (OMD) of the SLRP family is a monomeric protein in solution that interacts with type-I collagen. This interaction is dominated by weak electrostatic forces employing negatively charged residues of OMD, in particular Glu284 and Glu303, and controlled by entropic factors. The protein OMD establishes a fast-binding equilibrium with collagen, where OMD may engage not only with individual collagen molecules, but also with the growing fibrils. This weak electrostatic interaction is carefully balanced so it modulates the shape of the fibrils without compromising their viability.
Advanced Electrochemical Gas Sensors Employing Novel Designs and Electrolytes (2011)

Abstract not Available.
ALS Patient Stem Cells for Unveiling Disease Signatures of Motoneuron Susceptibility: Perspectives on the Deadly Mitochondria, ER Stress and Calcium Triad (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a largely sporadic progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motoneurons (MNs) whose specific etiology is incompletely understood. Mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP/TDP-43) and C9orf72, have been identified in subsets of familial and sporadic patients. Key associated molecular and neuropathological features include ubiquitinated TDP-43 inclusions, stress granules, aggregated dipeptide proteins from mutant C9orf72 transcripts, altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, dysregulated calcium homeostasis, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and an unfolded protein response (UPR). Such impairments have been documented in ALS animal models; however, whether these mechanisms are initiating factors or later consequential events leading to MN vulnerability in ALS patients is debatable. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable tool that could resolve this "chicken or egg" causality dilemma. Relevant systems for probing pathophysiologically affected cells from large numbers of ALS patients and discovering phenotypic disease signatures of early MN susceptibility are described. Performing unbiased 'OMICS and high-throughput screening in relevant neural cells from a cohort of ALS patient iPSCs, and rescuing mitochondrial and ER stress impairments, can identify targeted therapeutics for increasing MN longevity in ALS.
PHOTOLABILE A1-ADENOSINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS AS "CAGED" ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PROBES. (1991)

5'-Ether derivatives of the potent adenosine agonist N<sup>6</sup>-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) were designed as "caged" ligands for the activation of A<sub>1</sub>-adenosine receptors following <i>in situ</i> photolysis. The synthesis involved a 2',3'-diol protection scheme using the acid labile ethoxymethynyl group. Generation of CPA was demonstrated chromatographically and in a bioassay measuring the inhibition of synaptic potentials in the rat hippocampus.
PMD (preferential metal deposition) aluminum process for 16 giga-bit DRAM and beyond (2002)

The scale-down of ULSI devices has been increasing the importance of CMP process not only in logic but also in DRAM back-end processes. The utilization of CMP process in DRAM integration resulted in same depths of contact and via holes, and their actual depths ended up being deeper in comparison to the conventional planarizations. Although there are various techniques to fill these deep contacts, the need for the preceding barrier layer as a diffusion barrier and metal reliability enhancement in Si to metal contact and via application has delayed the implementation of the selective CVD-Al process. The present work reports a novel integration technique, named Al-PMD (preferential metal deposition), for complete filling of deep and small contacts and via holes by selective CVD-Al process.
Berichtigung: Primary and Secondary Aminophosphines as Novel P‐Stereogenic Building Blocks for Ligand Synthesis (2011)

In dieser Zuschrift wurde fr die Hydrierung von N-(3,4-Dihydronaphthalin-2-yl)acetamid ein falscher Enantiomerenberschuss
Brief announcement (2012)

Many modern network designs incorporate "failover" paths into routers' forwarding tables. We initiate the theoretical study of such resilient routing tables.