gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of CXCR4-Positive Gastric Cancer Stem Cells (2015)

Diffuse-type solid tumors are often composed of a high proportion of rarely proliferating (i.e., dormant) cancer cells, strongly indicating the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) Although diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) patients have a poor prognosis due to high-frequent development of peritoneal dissemination (PD), it is limited knowledge that the PD-associated CSCs and efficacy of CSC-targeting therapy in diffuse-type GC. In this study, we established highly metastatic GC cell lines by in vivo selection designed for the enrichment of PD-associated GC cells. By microarray analysis, we found C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) can be a novel marker for highly metastatic CSCs, since CXCR4-positive cells can grow anchorage-independently, initiate tumors in mice, be resistant to cytotoxic drug, and produce differentiated daughter cells. In clinical samples, these CXCR4-positive cells were found from not only late metastasis stage (accumulated ascites) but also earlier stage (peritoneal washings). Moreover, treatment with transforming growth factor-β enhanced the anti-cancer effect of docetaxel via induction of cell differentiation/asymmetric cell division of the CXCR4-positive gastric CSCs even in a dormant state. Therefore, differentiation inducers hold promise for obtaining the maximum therapeutic outcome from currently available anti-cancer drugs through re-cycling of CSCs.
Reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of a protein-based pneumococcal vaccine in Gambian children aged 2–4 years: A phase II randomized study (2015)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been successful in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease but effectiveness has been challenged by replacement of vaccine serotypes with non-vaccine serotypes. Vaccines targeting common pneumococcal protein(s) found in most/all pneumococci may overcome this limitation. This phase II study assessed safety and immunogenicity of a new protein-based pneumococcal vaccine containing polysaccharide conjugates of 10 pneumococcal serotypes combined with pneumolysin toxoid(dPly) and pneumococcal histidine triad protein D(PhtD) (PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30) in African children. 120 Gambian children (2-4 years, not previously vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae) randomized (1:1) received a single dose of PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 or PCV13. Adverse events occurring over 4 d post-vaccination were reported, and blood samples obtained pre- and 1-month post-vaccination. Serious adverse events were reported for 6 months post-vaccination. Solicited local and systemic adverse events were reported at similar frequency in each group. One child (PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 group) reported a grade 3 local reaction to vaccination. Haematological and biochemical parameters seemed similar pre- and 1-month post-vaccination in each group. High pre-vaccination Ply and PhtD antibody concentrations were observed in each group, but only increased in PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 vaccinees one month post-vaccination. One month post-vaccination, for each vaccine serotype ≥96.2% of PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 vaccinees had serotype-specific polysaccharide antibody concentrations ≥0.20µg/mL except serotypes 6B (80.8%) and 23F (65.4%), and ≥94.1% had OPA titres of ≥8 except serotypes 1 (51.9%), 5 (38.5%) and 6B (78.0%), within ranges seen in PCV13-vaccinated children. A single dose of PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 vaccine, administered to Gambian children aged 2-4 y not previously vaccinated with a pneumococcal vaccine, was well-tolerated and immunogenic.
Semantic 3D Reconstruction with Continuous Regularization and Ray\n Potentials Using a Visibility Consistency Constraint (2016)

We propose an approach for dense semantic 3D reconstruction which uses a data\nterm that is defined as potentials over viewing rays, combined with continuous\nsurface area penalization. Our formulation is a convex relaxation which we\naugment with a crucial non-convex constraint that ensures exact handling of\nvisibility. To tackle the non-convex minimization problem, we propose a\nmajorize-minimize type strategy which converges to a critical point. We\ndemonstrate the benefits of using the non-convex constraint experimentally. For\nthe geometry-only case, we set a new state of the art on two datasets of the\ncommonly used Middlebury multi-view stereo benchmark. Moreover, our\ngeneral-purpose formulation directly reconstructs thin objects, which are\nusually treated with specialized algorithms. A qualitative evaluation on the\ndense semantic 3D reconstruction task shows that we improve significantly over\nprevious methods.\n
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, ICINCO 2011, Volume 2, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 28 - 31 July, 2011 (2011)

International audience
More Activated Cardiac Mitochondrial‐dependent Apoptotic Pathway in Obese Zucker Rats (2007)

The cardiac mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway was more activated in obese Zucker rats than in lean rats, which may provide one possible apoptotic mechanism for developing heart failure in obesity.
A Prodrug Approach to Improve the Physico-Chemical Properties and Decrease the Genotoxicity of Nitro Compounds (2011)

In therapeutics research, the nitro compounds are part of an important group of drugs with multiple pharmacological activities. However, in drug design, the inclusion of a nitro group in a molecule changes the physico-chemical and electronic properties and is associated with increased mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In addition, several studies have related the relationship between the antimicrobial and/or anti-protozoal activity and the mutagenic effect to reduction of the nitro group. This work reviews the toxicity of nitro compounds and shows how the use of prodrugs can increase the biological activity and decrease the genotoxicity of nitro compounds, without any modification in nitro reduction behavior, but rather by physico-chemical improvement. Examples are given of metronidazole and nitrofurazone prodrugs. Keywords: Prodrugs, nitro-compounds, metronidazol, nitrofurazone, genotoxicity, physico-chemical properties, nitroheterocyclic compounds, half-life, nitroimidazoles, Chagas disease
Measurement of the vibrational response of porcine lungs to low-frequency underwater sound (1994)

Because of their high compliance, the lungs are probably more susceptible to injury from low-frequency underwater sound than any other part of the anatomy. Therefore, it is desirable to have a complete understanding of the vibrational response of the lungs to underwater sound. The NIVAMS (noninvasive vibration amplitude measurement system) was used to measure the response of the lungs of an animal model (domestic pigs) to low-frequency underwater sound. NIVAMS uses continuous wave ultrasound to measure lung vibrational displacement amplitudes invivo. Advantages of the NIVAMS are that it is noninvasive (no surgery is required to make the measurements) and that it is nonintrusive (the motion is unaltered by the measurement process). Displacements were measured in two locations, between the ribs and upward through the diaphragm. A PUBA (porcine underwater breathing apparatus) was developed to allow measurements to be made below the water surface. Displacements measurements were found to be significantly larger than the particle motions associated with the acoustic pressure driving the air filled lungs. Multiple resonances were found in the response curves. The necessity for the use of live, intact subjects was demonstrated by differences in the response curves for other conditions. [Research supported by ONR.]
Self-assembling short immunostimulatory duplex RNAs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity (2022)

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the need for broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. Here we describe a new class of self-assembling immunostimulatory short duplex RNAs that potently induce production of type I and type III interferon (IFN-I and IFN-III). These RNAs require a minimum of 20 base pairs, lack any sequence or structural characteristics of known immunostimulatory RNAs, and instead require a unique sequence motif (sense strand, 5'-C; antisense strand, 3'-GGG) that mediates end-to-end dimer self-assembly. The presence of terminal hydroxyl or monophosphate groups, blunt or overhanging ends, or terminal RNA or DNA bases did not affect their ability to induce IFN. Unlike previously described immunostimulatory small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), their activity is independent of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8, but requires the RIG-I/IRF3 pathway that induces a more restricted antiviral response with a lower proinflammatory signature compared with immunostimulant poly(I:C). Immune stimulation mediated by these duplex RNAs results in broad-spectrum inhibition of infections by many respiratory viruses with pandemic potential, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63, and influenza A virus in cell lines, human lung chips that mimic organ-level lung pathophysiology, and a mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These short double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) can be manufactured easily, and thus potentially could be harnessed to produce broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics.
Quantitative x-ray microanalysis and thickness determination using ζ factor (1996)

X-ray absorption in quantitative x-ray microanalysis of thin specimens may be corrected without knowledge of thickness when the extrapolation method or the differential x-ray absorption (DXA) method is used. However, there is an experimental limitation involved in each method. In this study, a method is proposed to overcome such a limitation. The method is developed by introducing the ζ factor and by combining the extrapolation method and DXA method. The method using the ζ factor, which is called the ζ-DXA method in this study, is applied to diffusion-couple experiments in the Ni-Al system. For a thin specimen where incident electrons are fully transparent, the characteristic x-ray intensity generated from a beam position, I, may be represented as I = (NρW/A)Qωaist.
STEROID-HORMONE PRODUCTION AND RECEPTORS IN RELATION TO KI-67, P53, S-PHASE FRACTION AND PLOIDY IN EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-TUMORS (1995)

In this investigation, the in vitro production of progesterone and estradiol in ovarian tissues was studied for the first time in relation to the immunohistochemical expression of steroid hormone receptors, Ki-67, p53, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction. Ovarian tissue from 44 women was examined. Steroid receptors were found more frequently in normal than in tumor ovaries. A substantial focal staining heterogeneity was demonstrated. Mucinous tumors were always progesterone receptor negative. Furthermore, the Ki-67 index was negatively correlated to the progesterone production of the tumor ovaries. Among the malignant tumors, all the high producers of progesterone expressing PR were low proliferating, diploid and p53-negative.
Achieving Narrow FWHM and High EQE Over 38% in Blue OLEDs Using Rigid Heteroatom‐Based Deep Blue TADF Sensitized Host (2021)

Abstract Simultaneously obtaining high efficiency and deep blue emission in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains a challenge. To overcome the demands associated with deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, two deep blue TADF materials namely, DBA–BFICz and DBA–BTICz, are designed and synthesized by incorporating oxygen‐bridged boron (DBA) acceptor with heteroatoms, oxygen and sulphur‐based donors, BFICz and BTICz, respectively. Both TADF materials show deep blue photoluminescence emissions below 450 nm by enhancing the optical band gap over 2.8 eV through deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of heteroatom based donor moieties. At the same time, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of both TADF materials remain over 94%. The TADF device with DBA–BFICz as an emitter exhibits a good external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 33.2%. Since both new TADF materials show deep blue emissions and high efficiencies, hyperfluorescence (HF) OLED devices are fabricated using ν‐DABNA as a fluorescence dopant. DBA–BFICz as a TADF sensitized host in HF–OLED reveals an outstanding EQE of 38.8% along with narrow full width at half maximum of 19 nm in the bottom emission pure blue OLEDs. This study provides an approach to develop deep blue TADF emitters for highly efficient OLEDs.
D2.1 5G Security: Current Status and Future Trends (2020)

This Deliverable presents the current security landscape of 5G networks, as well as the evolution of requirements and trends in 5G security. It includes a summary of the 5G threat landscape, the 5G networks classification criteria and their threat taxonomy; a description of security requirements of 5G systems, divided into domain-specific use cases, and the elicitation of security requirements from relevant stakeholders in 5G; the current status of 5G networks, the solutions state for securing 5G systems, the standardization effort in the domain of 5G security, the relevant 5G projects, and open source initiatives; and a description of future trends and technologies in 5G networks, their limitations, and gaps related to the security of 5G networks. This deliverable aims to provide a basis for the identification of use cases and the development of 5G security enablers in INSPIRE-5Gplus.
A Top-Down Approach to Architecting CPI Component Performance Counters (2007)

Software developers can gain insight into software-hardware interactions by decomposing processor performance into individual cycles-per-instruction components that differentiate cycles consumed in active computation from those spent handling various miss events. Constructing accurate CPI components for out-of-order superscalar processors is complicated, however, because computation and miss event handling overlap. The authors' counter architecture, using an analytical superscalar performance model, handles overlap effects more accurately than existing methods
Vegetation Sensing Using GPS Interferometric Reflectometry: Experimental Results With a Horizontally Polarized Antenna (2016)

Measurement of vegetation state is required both for modeling and for satellite data validation. GPS Interferometric Reflectometry (GPS-IR) is a passive microwave remote sensing technique that has been applied to several applications, such as sensing soil moisture, snow depth, ocean roughness and wind speed, and vegetation growth. Previous studies proposed that geodetic GPS data could be used to measure vegetation biophysical parameters, for example, vegetation height and vegetation water content (VWC). However, the measurement range and accuracy are limited because the geodetic GPS antenna is designed to suppress reflections. In this paper, the antenna design for vegetation sensing via GPS-IR is discussed. Then, a customized dipole antenna is developed specifically for vegetation sensing. A field experiment is conducted at Boulder, CO, USA to evaluate the performance of the proposed antenna. The GPS metric, which is the normalized signalto-noise ratio (SNR) amplitude Anorm,shows a linear relationship with in situ measurements of VWC over a range of 0-6 kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is much greater than the range from the geodetic data (0-1.0 kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The sensitivity of Anorm to VWC change is -0.11 (W/W)/(kg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), and the average measurement error of VWC is ~12.4%. Thus, the horizontally polarized antenna is suitable for vegetation monitoring in most environments, including agricultural settings. The effects of soil moisture on GPS SNR amplitude are also documented, but these are minor compared to the decrease in amplitude resulting from vegetation growth.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐DIPLODIALIDE B AND A (1981)

Abstract Die beiden Steroid‐Hydroxylase‐Inhibitoren Diplodialid B (VII) und Diplodialid A (VIII) werden, wie aufgezeigt, durch Umsetzung des Aldehyds (I) mit dem Li‐enolat (II) dargestellt.
Perpendicular orientation of block-co-polymer on controlled neutralization layer (2013)

We have prepared and analyzed neutralization layer material to perform perpendicular morphology of Poly (styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA) as Block-Co-Polymers (BCPs). Neutralization layer surface property is optimized by changing hydrophilicity. We have evaluated two types of neutralization layer material. First one is graft type polymer which makes chemical bonding to substrate. The other is crosslink type polymer which becomes insoluble to organic solvent by thermal crosslink reaction. We checked neutralization function by changing film thickness of the neutralization layer under PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA. Regarding to graft type, it was found that when the film thickness of neutralization layer is over 2.3 nm, PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA forms perpendicular morphology on appropriate neutralization layer. Similarly, regarding to crosslink type, it was found that when the film thickness of neutralization layer is over 1.9 nm, PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA forms perpendicular morphology on appropriate neutralization layer. Finally, we will show lamella and cylinder patterns changing L<sub>0</sub> of PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA on neutralization layer.
Moleküle und biologische Mechanismen des Süß‐ und Umamigeschmacks (2011)

Abstract Unsere Wertschätzung für Nahrungsmittel ist weitgehend auf die Auslösung der Geschmacksempfindungen “süß” und “umami” zurückzuführen. Mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf Naturstoffen wird dieser Aufsatz einen Überblick über jene Stoffe geben, die die Geschmackseindrücke “süß” oder “umami” hervorrufen und modulieren. Es wird diskutiert, wie die Wechselwirkung dieser Moleküle mit dem oralen Süß‐ oder Umamigeschmacksrezeptor die Rezeptorzellen anregt, Neurotransmitter abzusondern, um neurale Aktivität hervorzurufen, die an die Großhirnrinde weitergeleitet wird und süßen bzw. umami Geschmack übermittelt. Neue Befunde zeigen auch, dass süßer Geschmack für die Homöostase des Energiehaushalts metabolisch relevant und mit dem appetitiven ingestiven Verhalten verknüpft ist.
RETRACTED ARTICLE:Endocrine disruptors induce perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of human pluripotent stem cell derivatives (2017)

Persistent exposure to man-made endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal endocrine development may lead to disruption of metabolic homeostasis contributing to childhood obesity. Limited cellular platforms exist to test endocrine disrupting chemical-induced developmental abnormalities in human endocrine tissues. Here we use an human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based platform to demonstrate adverse impacts of obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in the developing endocrine system. We delineate the effects upon physiological low-dose exposure to ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals including, perfluoro-octanoic acid, tributyltin, and butylhydroxytoluene, in endocrine-active human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived foregut epithelial cells and hypothalamic neurons. Endocrine disrupting chemicals induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, perturb NF-κB, and p53 signaling, and diminish mitochondrial respiratory gene expression, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP levels. As a result, normal production and secretion of appetite control hormones, PYY, α-MSH, and CART, are hampered. Blocking NF-κB rescues endocrine disrupting chemical-induced aberrant mitochondrial phenotypes and endocrine dysregulation, but not ER-stress and p53-phosphorylation changes.Harmful chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system and hormone regulation have been associated with obesity. Here the authors apply a human pluripotent stem cell-based platform to study the effects of such compounds on developing gut endocrine and neuroendocrine systems.
Sea urchin fertilization during a KC-135 parabolic flight. (1999)

For long-term exposure to space it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms for altered physiological functions. We have chosen the sea urchin system to study the effects of microgravity on various cellular processes visible during fertilization and subsequent development. We report here on experiments performed on NASA's KC-135 during parabolic flight trajectories to validate procedures to be implemented as part of the first Aquatic Research Facility Space Shuttle experiment on STS-77.
Miniaturized Magnetic Nitrogen DC Microplasmas (2004)

This paper explores the use of miniaturized magnets to enhance the parameters of dc microplasmas. The microplasmas are powered by thin coaxial electrodes and are enhanced by a coaxial magnetron configuration machined from niobium composite magnets. At operating pressures of 1-4 torr, a glow region that is confined to the volume directly over the cathode, forms a traditional magnetron-type annular ring. Three coaxial magnets, ranging in total size from 3.2 to 7.2 mm in outside diameter generate measured magnetic fields up to 3030 G. The magnetic field structure is profiled with a small Hall probe and is modeled by finite-element analysis. The plasma currents for various applied voltages are measured, and the plasma breakdown/termination voltages are determined. In nitrogen ambients at 1.2 torr and 370-V bias, the current changes from 9.3 mA in the absence of a magnetic field to 17.6 mA with the addition of the largest magnet. The sheath region decreases with the addition of the magnetic structures, illustrating an effect on the Debye length and, therefore, the local plasma density. The dimensions of the sheath are found to vary radially within the annular microplasma. The smallest sheath corresponds to the region of highest magnetic field over the south pole for the largest magnetic configuration. This effect is used to generate a microplasma in SF/sub 6/ on a silicon wafer producing a localized etch. The etch rate in the region of the brightest glow is three times greater than the weakest etch rate, allowing spatially localized etch selectivity without masking.
Transmission-type photonic crystal devices with efficient input/output interfaces (2002)

The FDTD simulation of transmission type functional optical devices based on photonic crystals are presented. Special interfaces that improve the transmission efficiency and/or the beam profile are also discussed.
Rare earth zirconium oxide buffer layers on metal substrates (2023)

A laminate article comprises a substrate and a biaxially textured (RE.sub.x A.sub.(1-x)).sub.2 O.sub.2-(x/2) buffer layer over the substrate, wherein 0<x.ltoreq.0.70 and RE is selected from the group consisting of La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. A is selected from the group consisting of Zr.sup.+4, Ce.sup.+4, Sn.sup.+4, and Hf.sup.+4. The (RE.sub.x A.sub.(1-x)).sub.2 O.sub.2-(x/2) buffer layer can be deposited using sol-gel or metal-organic decomposition. The laminate article can include a layer of YBCO over the (RE.sub.x A.sub.(1-x)).sub.2 O.sub.2-(x/2) buffer layer. A layer of CeO.sub.2 between the YBCO layer and the (RE.sub.x A.sub.(1-x)).sub.2 O.sub.2-(x/2) buffer layer can also be include. Further included can be a layer of YSZ between the CeO.sub.2 layer and the (RE.sub.x A.sub.(1-x)).sub.2 O.sub.2-(x/2) buffer layer. The substrate can be a biaxially textured metal, such as nickel. A method of forming the laminate article is also disclosed.