gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High precision temperature- and energy-dependent refractive index of GaAs determined from excitation of optical waveguide eigenmodes (1990)

A GaAs-Al0.22Ga0.78As heterostructure was prepared and used as a multimode optical waveguide. Propagation constants for individual modes were measured by exciting one mode at a time via real-space surface grating couplers, and the resulting eigenmode distributions were used to obtain the refractive index of GaAs at a matrix of temperatures and photon energies spanning 40 K&amp;lt;T&amp;lt;300 K and 1.40 eV&amp;lt;hν&amp;lt;1.50 eV. Values for dn/dT and the extrapolated refractive index at T=0 K were also obtained. The dominant error source in these measurements was uncertainty in the angular placement of the sample. These measurements agree well with the few pre-existing temperature-dependent measurements, but are an order of magnitude more precise.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Characterization of the Methylation Patterns in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Viral DNA in Head and Neck Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Characterization of the Methylation Patterns in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Viral DNA in Head and Neck Cancers
Transmission Protocol for Cooperative MIMO with Full Rate: Design and Analysis (2007)

In this paper, we propose two different types of cooperative transmission protocols, referred to as spatial multiplexing with receive diversity (SMRD), that can support a full rate, i.e., one symbol transmission per each time slot. We show that the BER performance can be significantly improved with a proper design of SMRD under the AF (amplify-and-forward) mode of relaying, when there is no interference among all symbols transmitted in the same time slot. Furthermore, we consider a more practical implementation of SMRD with successive interference cancellation (SIC) to deal with co-channel interference. Our simulation result shows that the proposed transmission protocol achieves 6 dB gain over the case of noncooperation (direct transmission) without any bandwidth expansion.
Optomagnets in nonmagnetic plasmonic nanostructures: erratum (2021)

This erratum amends two errors in Opt. Lett.46, 613 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.411108.
Single cell RNAseq uncovers a robust transcriptional response to morphine by oligodendrocytes (2018)

SUMMARY Molecular and behavioral responses to opioids are thought to be primarily mediated by neurons, although there is accumulating evidence that other cell types also play a role in drug addiction. To investigate cell-type-specific opioid responses, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the nucleus accumbens of mice following acute morphine treatment. Differential expression analysis uncovered robust morphine-dependent changes in gene expression in oligodendrocytes. We examined the expression of selected genes, including Cdkn1a and Sgk1 , by FISH, confirming their induction by morphine in oligodendrocytes. Further analysis using RNAseq of FACS-purified oligodendrocytes revealed a large cohort of morphine-regulated genes. Importantly, the affected genes are enriched for roles in cellular pathways intimately linked to oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, including the unfolded protein response. Altogether, our data shed light on a novel, morphine-dependent transcriptional response by oligodendrocytes that may contribute to the myelination defects observed in human opioid addicts.
Supplementary Figure Legends from AXL Inhibition Improves the Antitumor Activity of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (2023)

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Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Postoperative Adjuvant Chemoradiation Improves Survival (1997)

Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy significantly improves survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the head, neck, or uncinate process of the pancreas. Based on these survival data, standard adjuvant chemoradiation therapy appears to be indicated for patients treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the head, neck, or uncinate process of the pancreas. Intensive therapy conferred no survival advantage over standard therapy in this analysis.
Massive MIMO goes Sub-GHz: Implementation and Experimental Exploration\n for LPWANs (2020)

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks operating in the unlicensed bands are being\ndeployed to connect a rapidly growing number of Internet-of-Things devices.\nWhile the unlicensed sub-GHz band offers favorable propagation for long-range\nconnections, measurements show that the energy consumption of the nodes is\nstill mostly dominated by the wireless transmission affecting their autonomy.\nWe investigate the potential benefits of deploying massive MIMO technology to\nincrease system reliability and at the same time support low-energy devices\nwith good coverage at sub-GHz frequencies. The impact of different antenna\nconfigurations and propagation conditions is analyzed. Both actual average\nexperienced array gain and channel hardening are examined. The assessment\ndemonstrates the effect of channel hardening as well as the potential benefits\nof the experienced array gain. These measurements serve as a first assessment\nof the channel conditions of massive MIMO at sub-GHz frequencies and are, to\nthe best of our knowledge, the first of its kind.\n
Resonant carrier scattering by core-shell nanoparticles for thermoelectric power factor enhancement (2012)

We theoretically investigate the use of energetically sharp resonances of core-shell nanoparticles embedded in semiconductors to selectively scatter carriers and thereby enhance the thermoelectric power factor and figure of merit. Appropriate selection of materials for the core-shell band structure can lead to the formation of quasi-bound states inside the nanoparticles, which strongly scatter carriers near these energy levels, making sharp features in the energy-dependent electron relaxation time. We find that the power factor of PbTe at 80 K is enhanced by more than 80% when core-shell nanoparticles of 3 nm core diameter and 1.5 nm shell width are introduced with density 1 × 1018 cm−3.
Ten-year Experience with Cyclosporine as Primary Immunosuppression in Recipients of Renal Allografts (1991)

Cyclosporine has been used as primary immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients in our unit for the past decade. The overall clinical experience and long-term effects of the agent are reviewed. There were 461 consecutive recipients of kidney grafts; 379 received grafts from cadaver donors (CAD) and 82 from living related donors (LRD). Four separate clinical protocols were used sequentially using progressively decreasing doses of CyA; azathioprine was added in group 4 recipients of LRD grafts, and in patients receiving secondary CAD grafts (group 5). The patient mortality rate was less than 5%, with sepsis being the prime contributor. The majority of kidney grafts were lost within the first 2 months after operation; those that never functioned were found almost invariably to have been irreversibly rejected. During the subsequent years of follow-up, attrition of CAD grafts was significantly greater than LRD grafts. In contrast, the attrition rate of primary and secondary CAD grafts was the same after the first 3 months, emphasizing the importance of early immunologic graft destruction. Primary nonfunction occurred in 49% of CAD kidneys and 17% of LRD grafts; however 71% of initially nonfunctioning LRD grafts never functioned at all compared to 34% of CAD grafts, the majority of such organs undergoing fulminate rejection. Individual graft loss after 1 year was almost inevitably due to chronic rejection; there were no differences in long-term allograft function among the treatment groups. Although CyA has improved overall results of kidney transplantation, chronic rejection remains a major unresolved problem.
Enhanced gaseous natural convection from micro-scale fin structures using acoustic stimulation (2010)

This paper investigates the effect of acoustic stimulation on natural convection heat transfer in micro-scale fin structures. Enhancement of heat transfer from electronic components enclosed within compact geometries is a key goal in thermal management. Among the techniques to enhance heat transfer, extended surface is a simple approach to achieve the goal. However, micro scale fin heat sinks have little effect on natural convection heat transfer. Previous work has shown that heat transfer via flow-induced vibration in a micro fin array can be enhanced, but only in a forced convection scheme with high flow rates. Acoustic stimulation has also been investigated in boiling and we extend this method of stimulation to enhance gaseous natural convection. The acoustic stimulation is generated using a speaker placed close to the micro fin array device. Waves of varying amplitude and frequency are generated and device surface temperatures recorded along with the speaker velocities, measured using Laser Doppler Velocimetry. The results obtained suggest that natural convection heat transfer can be enhanced using acoustic stimulation in micro-scale fin structures where the fins contribute negligible effect on overall heat transfer, and the enhancement varies with fin geometries. The results indicate that gaseous natural convection is feasible as a thermal management scheme in micro fin structures for low heat flux applications. Future works will be devoted to finding the resonance frequency of natural convection in micro-scale fin structures that can enhance heat transfer dramatically with little additional power consumption.
Robocasting of porous alumina hollow fibre monoliths by non-solvent induced phase inversion (2021)

3D printed hollow fibre structures are of interest for different separation processes. However, the preparation of such structures using robocasting is not evident due to their poor self-supporting properties after printing. We propose a method based upon non-solvent induced phase inversion to overcome this issue, and use this method for preparing porous alumina hollow fibre structures. The method uses a paste that contains alumina powders, polyetherimide as polymeric binder and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent, that is extruded through a concentric nozzle. A humid atmosphere is used to further solidify these extruded hollow fibres enabling the printing of both hollow 2D patterns and 3D monolithic structures. The resulting green samples are mechanically strong and can be easily handled without any shape deformation before thermal treatment.
High data rate few-mode transmission over graded-index single-mode fiber using 850 nm single-mode VCSEL (2019)

A few-mode transmission system is proposed using 850 nm single-mode VCSEL based transceivers over graded-index single-mode fibers for high data rate data center applications. A graded-index single-mode fiber that supports two mode groups at 850 nm window with a high modal bandwidth of 48.3 GHz·km is realized for the first time. 25 Gb/s transmission experiments using a 850 nm single-mode VCSEL over such fiber demonstrate that the system can support a link distance up to 1.5 km. Additionally, link model analysis provides more insights on how fiber and single-mode VCSEL parameters impact the system performance.
Temperature dependence of magnetoresistive output of pseudo spin valves with Co2Fe(Al1−xSix) Heusler alloys and a Ag spacer (2013)

We investigated the temperature dependence of magnetoresistive (MR) outputs of current-perpendicular-to-plane pseudo spin valves with Co2FeAl1−xSix (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Heusler alloy ferromagnetic layers and a Ag spacer layer to optimize x. The MR ratios at room temperature do not show x dependence, while the MR ratios measured at 5 K showed strong x dependence; the largest resistance change-area product ΔRA = 21 mΩ·μm2 was obtained for x = 1 and ΔRA decreased with decreasing x. The results apparently contradicts with the theoretical prediction that the highest spin polarization is attained for x = 0.5. The discrepancy is due to the structural origin that the L21 order is obtained only in the Co2FeSi alloy film.
Energy Aware Persistence (2016)

Next generation byte addressable nonvolatile memories (NVMs) such as PCM, Memristor, and 3D X-Point are attractive solutions for mobile and other end-user devices, as they offer memory scalability as well as fast persistent storage. However, NVM's limitations of slow writes and high write energy are magnified for applications that require atomic, consistent, isolated and durable (ACID) persistence. For maintaining ACID persistence guarantees, applications not only need to do extra writes to NVM but also need to execute a significant number of additional CPU instructions for performing NVM writes in a transactional manner. Our analysis shows that maintaining persistence with ACID guarantees increases CPU energy up to 7.3x and NVM energy up to 5.1x compared to a baseline with no ACID guarantees. For computing platforms such as mobile devices, where energy consumption is a critical factor, it is important that the energy cost of persistence is reduced.
Stakeholder and Constraint-Driven Innovation of a Novel, Lever-Propelled, All-Terrain Wheelchair (2013)

The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a low-cost, all-terrain, lever-propelled wheelchair designed primarily for use in developing countries. LFC technology was conceived because 70 percent of wheelchair users in these markets live in rural areas and no currently available mobility aid enables them to travel long distances on rough terrain and maneuver in tight, indoor confines. Because developing world markets impose constraints on cost, durability, and performance, a novel solution was required to satisfy stakeholder requirements. The key innovation behind the LFC is its single speed, variable mechanical advantage lever drivetrain. The user effectively changes gear by shifting his hands along the levers; grasping near the ends increases torque, while grasping near the pivots enables a larger angular displacement with every stroke, which increases speed. The drivetrain is made from low-cost bicycle parts found throughout the developing world, which enables the LFC to be sold for $200 and be repairable anywhere. During three user trials in East Africa, Guatemala, and India, stakeholder feedback was used to refine the chair between trials, resulting in a device 9.1 kg (20 lbs) lighter, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) narrower, and with a center of gravity 12.7 cm (5 in) lower than the first iteration. Survey data substantiated increases in performance after successive iterations. Quantitative biomechanical performance data were also measured during the Guatemala and India trials, which showed the LFC to be 76 percent faster and 41 percent more efficient during a common daily commute, and able to produce 53 percent higher peak propulsion force compared to conventional, pushrim-propelled wheelchairs. The LFC offers comparable performance at less than one-twentieth the cost of off road wheelchairs available in the rich world. Stakeholder feedback and the highly-constrained environment for which the LFC was created drove the technology towards a novel, innovative solution that offers a competitive advantage in both developing and developed markets. The paper concludes with a description of how the LFC is a “constraint-driven innovation.” This idea ties together the theories of “disruptive innovation” and “reverse innovation,” and may be used as a design tool for engineers striving to create technologies that have global impact.
DIP Test Socket Characterization for 300°C (2013)

Demonstrating functional reliability testing of high temperature electronic devices for long lifetime at 300°C requires electrical test fixtures with even better reliability. Advances in complexity of SiC devices and the need for increased accelerated tests motivate the need for a reliable test fixture at high temperature. The design, fabrication and testing of a prototype test board using commercially available materials shows stability beyond 2000 hours. The approach uses an alumina circuit board with thick film conductors interconnecting an array of BeNi contacts to surface pads. The pads are connected to high temperature wires using spring loaded contacts so that the circuit board may be removed.
Study on the IGBT Short Circuit Type II Behavior Considering the Plasma Effect (2022)

The second type of short-circuit (SC II) of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) considering the plasma is thoroughly studied in this article. The measurement and device simulation were performed for 1.2 kV IGBTs. Since the SC II is the failure during the IGBT conduction mode, the existing plasma within the IGBT plays an important role in IGBT SC II behavior. The first focus of this article is to understand the composition of the current peak at the beginning of the SC II, which is produced by the Miller-effect during the desaturation process and the sweep-out of the internal plasma. Further, the induced voltage caused by the current decay after the current peak is investigated. The interaction between current decay and the IGBT internal physical mechanism is discussed under different test conditions.
The FGFR4-G388R Polymorphism Promotes Mitochondrial STAT3 Serine Phosphorylation to Facilitate Pituitary Growth Hormone Cell Tumorigenesis (2011)

Pituitary tumors are common intracranial neoplasms, yet few germline abnormalities have been implicated in their pathogenesis. Here we show that a single nucleotide germline polymorphism (SNP) substituting an arginine (R) for glycine (G) in the FGFR4 transmembrane domain can alter pituitary cell growth and hormone production. Compared with FGFR4-G388 mammosomatotroph cells that support prolactin (PRL) production, FGFR4-R388 cells express predominantly growth hormone (GH). Growth promoting effects of FGFR4-R388 as evidenced by enhanced colony formation was ascribed to Src activation and mitochondrial serine phosphorylation of STAT3 (pS-STAT3). In contrast, diminished pY-STAT3 mediated by FGFR4-R388 relieved GH inhibition leading to hormone excess. Using a knock-in mouse model, we demonstrate the ability of FGFR4-R385 to promote GH pituitary tumorigenesis. In patients with acromegaly, pituitary tumor size correlated with hormone excess in the presence of the FGFR4-R388 but not the FGFR4-G388 allele. Our findings establish a new role for the FGFR4-G388R polymorphism in pituitary oncogenesis, providing a rationale for targeting Src and STAT3 in the personalized treatment of associated disorders.
The Mechanical Properties of Polyimide Films after Exposure to High pH (1992)

Wiring failures linked to insulation damage have drawn much attention in the aerospace industry and concerns have developed regarding the stability and safety of polyimide insulated electrical wire. Several polyimides were selected for evaluation for resistance to degradation by various aqueous alkaline solutions. The polyimides included commercially available films such as KAPTON®, APICAL®, LaRC™-TPI(Thermoplastic Polyimide) and UPI- LEX®R and S, as well as a number of experimental films prepared at NASA Langley Research Center, including LaRC™-ITPI(Isomeric Thermoplastic Polyimide) and LaRC™-CPI(Crystalline Polyimide). Thermally imidized films were studied for their retention of mechanical properties after exposure to high pH solutions under stressed conditions.
Fast transients and rate models (2014)

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ChemInform Abstract: New Advances in Titanium‐Mediated Free Radical Reactions (2013)

Abstract Review: 163 refs.
Activated RhoA/Rho Kinase Impairs Erectile Function After Cavernous Nerve Injury in Rats (2010)

Data suggest that RhoA/rho kinase up-regulation in response to cavernous nerve injury contributes to penile vasculature dysfunction after cavernous nerve injury. Thus, the RhoA/rho kinase pathway may be a suitable target for treating post-radical prostatectomy erectile dysfunction.
SHARK (System for coronagraphy with High order Adaptive optics from R to K band): a proposal for the LBT 2nd generation instrumentation (2014)

This article presents a proposal aimed at investigating the technical feasibility and the scientific capabilities of high contrast cameras to be implemented at LBT. Such an instrument will fully exploit the unique LBT capabilities in Adaptive Optics (AO) as demonstrated by the First Light Adaptive Optics (FLAO) system, which is obtaining excellent results in terms of performance and reliability. The aim of this proposal is to show the scientific interest of such a project, together with a conceptual opto-mechanical study which shows its technical feasibility, taking advantage of the already existing AO systems, which are delivering the highest Strehl experienced in nowadays existing telescopes. Two channels are foreseen for SHARK, a near infrared channel (2.5-0.9 um) and a visible one (0.9 – 0.6 um), both providing imaging and coronagraphic modes. The visible channel is equipped with a very fast and low noise detector running at 1.0 kfps and an IFU spectroscopic port to provide low and medium resolution spectra of 1.5 x 1.5 arcsec fields. The search of extra solar giant planets is the main science case and the driver for the technical choices of SHARK, but leaving room for several other interesting scientific topics, which will be briefly depicted here.
The Production of Apparent Image Bifurcation (1976)

It is well known that x-ray focal spots with split-intensity distributions can produce radiographs exhibiting image bifurcations. The authors observed such bifurcations in optical analogue images which were produced with both split- and uniform-intesity focal spots. The bifurcations observed with the split focal spot were real, while those observed with the uniform focal spot were not observed in photometer scans of the object. The authors explain these bifurcations by a consideration of the response function of the eye.
Modeling Bubble Flow and Current Density Distribution in an Alkaline Electrolysis Cell (2009)

The effect of bubbles on the current density distribution over the electrodes of an alkaline electrolyzer cell is studied using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. Model includes Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase flow methodology to model the multiphase flow of Hydrogen and Oxygen with water and the behavior of each phase is accounted for using first principle. Hydrogen/Oxygen evolution, flow field and current density distribution are incorporated in the model to account for the complicated physics involved in the process. Fluent 6.2 is used to solve two-phase flow and electrochemistry is incorporated using UDF (User Defined Function) feature of Fluent. Model is validated with mesh refinement study and by comparison with experimental measurements. Model is found to replicate the effect of cell voltage and inter-electrode gap (distance between the electrodes) on current density accurately. Further, model is found to capture the existence of optimum cell height. The validated model is expected to be a very useful tool in the design and optimization of alkaline electrolyzer cells.
Performance and scalability of a highly optimized rainfalling watershed algorithm (1998)

The modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin (Ub) is an important event that underlies protein stability and function in eukaryotes. Protein ubiquitylation is a dynamic and reversible process; attached Ub can be removed by deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), a heterogeneous group of cysteine proteases that cleave proteins precisely at the Ub-protein bond. Two families of DUBs have been identified previously. Here, we describe new, highly specific Ub iso-peptidases, that have no sequence homology to known DUBs, but which belong to the OTU (ovarian tumour) superfamily of proteins. Two novel proteins were isolated from HeLa cells by affinity purification using the DUB-specific inhibitor, Ub aldehyde (Ubal). We have named these proteins otubain 1 and otubain 2, for OTU-domain Ubal-binding protein. Functional analysis of otubains shows that the OTU domain contains an active cysteine protease site.