gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Optimal Offline Permutation Algorithm on the Hierarchical Memory Machine, with the GPU Implementation (2013)

The Hierarchical Memory Machine (HMM) is a theoretical parallel computing model that captures the essence of computation on CUDA-enabled GPUs. The offline permutation is a task to copy numbers stored in an array a of size n to an array b of the same size along a permutation P given in advance. A conventional algorithm can complete the offline permutation by executing b[p[i]] ← a[i] for all i in parallel, where an array p stores the permutation P. This conventional algorithm simply performs three rounds of memory access for reading from a, reading from p, and writing in b. The main contribution of this paper is to present an optimal offline permutation algorithm running in O(n/w + L) time units using n threads on the HMM with width w and latency L. We also implement our optimal offline permutation algorithm on GeForce GTX-680 GPU and evaluate the performance. Quite surprisingly, our optimal offline permutation algorithm achieves better performance than the conventional algorithm in most permutations, although it performs 32 rounds of memory access. For example, the bit-reversal permutation for 4M float (32-bit) numbers can be completed in 780ms by our optimal permutation algorithm, while the conventional algorithm takes 2328ms. We can say that the experimental results of this paper provide a good example of GPU computation showing that a complicated but ingenious implementation with a larger constant factor in computing time can outperform a much simpler conventional algorithm.
Determination of cocaine and heroin vapor pressures using commercial and illicit samples (2000)

The establishment of drug vapor pressure reference values provides valuable information in the development of vapor sensing devices for drug detection. The purpose of this work was to determine equilibrium headspace vapor pressures for commercial and illicit drug samples for use in such applications. Samples of cocaine, both free base and hydrochloride forms, and heroin hydrochloride were evaluated. The procedure used to measure the vapor pressures was a modification of a previously published method. Vapor pressure values at 20 degrees C previously reported for cocaine free base range from 0.37 x 10(-7) to 1.20 x 10(-7) Torr. The vapor pressure value determined in this study was 2.96 x 10(-7) Torr. It is likely that the discrepancies are due to differences in experimental conditions, varying sources of samples, and uncertainty in the methodologies. When the values were compared for commercial (99% purity) and illicit (unknown purity) sources of cocaine free base, there were no statistical differences in the projected room temperature (20 degrees C) vapor pressure values. However, the commercial and illicit samples of cocaine hydrochloride did show statistical differences. Although no comparison was made with the vapor pressure values for a pure, commercial sample, the vapor pressures of heroin hydrochloride (81% purity) at various temperatures were determined using the method developed for cocaine and are reported in this paper.
System Electrothermal Transient Analysis of a High Current (40A) Synchronous Step Down Converter (2019)

Abstract In this paper, we detailed the system electrothermal transient co-design modeling and silicon validation effort that led to the industry’s first highly efficient, highest power density (40A) synchronous step-down converter. The device was designed in an innovative multichip module (MCM) low-profile LQFN packaging technology. By integrating the control and drive circuitry with two discrete N-channel power MOSFETs, significant reduction in system on-resistance, RDS(ON), was achieved. The validity of the co-design electrothermal modeling methodology was assessed by comparing directly to silicon thermal measurements made on an evaluation module (EVM) which comprises the inductor, capacitor, and other essential components. Correlation between simulation and laboratory measurements on the integrated solution will be discussed.
Crystalline silicon germanium films grown on crystalline silicon substrates by solid phase crystallization (2015)

We researched on crystalline silicon–germanium films (c-SiGe) for bottom cells of silicon-based multijunction solar cells. We conducted the epitaxial crystal growth of SiGe with approximately 75% Ge fraction due to solid phase crystallization (SPC) from amorphous silicon–germanium (a-SiGe) precursors on n-type (100) Si substrates. We evaluated the preparation conditions of a-SiGe precursors for the SPC epitaxial growth. The epitaxial growth was successfully conducted and (100)-oriented c-SiGe films were formed. The epitaxial growth was effectively promoted in the a-SiGe precursors prepared at the substrate temperature from 250 to 300 °C, but is not sufficiently promoted in the a-SiGe precursors prepared below 250 °C. The density of a-SiGe precursors is relatively low at the substrate temperature below 250 °C, and the low-density structures cause the impurity incorporation from the air-exposed surface. The impurities are probably the main cause of disturbance of the epitaxial growth. On the other hand, the random crystallization occurred in the SPC of the a-SiGe precursors prepared at 350 °C. The precursors have the slightly crystallized structure and are not suitable for the SPC.
Preoperative nomograms incorporating magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for prediction of insignificant prostate cancer (2011)

• Existing models incorporating magnetic resonance data, clinical data and %BC+ for predicting the probability of insignificant PCa were validated. • All MR-inclusive models performed significantly better than the base clinical model.
Two-Photon Absorbing Nanocrystal Sensors for Ratiometric Detection of Oxygen (2009)

Two nanocrystal-osmium(II) polypyridyl (NC-Os(II)PP) conjugates have been designed to detect oxygen in biological environments. Polypyridines appended with a single free amine were linked with facility to a carboxylic acid functionality of a semiconductor NC overlayer to afford a biologically stable amide bond. The Os(II)PP complexes possess broad absorptions that extend into the red spectral region; this absorption feature makes them desirable acceptors of energy from NC donors. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the NC to the Os(II)PP causes an enhanced Os(II)PP emission with a concomitant quenching of the NC emission. Owing to the large two-photon absorption cross-section of the NCs, FRET from the NC to the Os(II)PP can be established under two-photon excitation conditions. In this way, two-photon processes of metal polypyridyl complexes can be exploited for sensing. The emission of the NC is insensitive to oxygen, even at 1 atm, whereas excited states of both osmium complexes are quenched in the presence of oxygen. The NC emission may thus be used as an internal reference to correct for fluctuations in the photoluminescence intensity signal. These properties taken together establish NC-Os(II)PP conjugates as competent ratiometric, two-photon oxygen sensors for application in biological microenvironments.
Supplementary Table S3 from Breast Cancer Cell–Derived GM-CSF Licenses Regulatory Th2 Induction by Plasmacytoid Predendritic Cells in Aggressive Disease Subtypes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3. Cytokine measurements in primary breast tumor (Tum) and juxtatumor (Juxta) supernatants.&lt;/p&gt;
Substrate-thinned indium gallium arsenide/indium phosphide focal plane arrays for imaging from the visible through the near infrared (2003)

Summary form only given. A high-performance camera, based on a 320/spl times/240 element array of indium gallium arsenide (In/sub .53/Ga/sub .47/As) photodiodes, has been specially fabricated to allow detection of light from the visible through the near infrared (0.5 /spl mu/m to 1.7 /spl mu/m). The overall structures of the starting epitaxial wafers and the final focal plane array are shown.
If Homogalacturonan Were a Side Chain of Rhamnogalacturonan I. Implications for Cell Wall Architecture (2003)

Pectin, an important cell wall component of dicotyledonous plants, is probably the most complex macromolecule in nature. Here, we critically summarize the large amount of data on pectin structure. An alternative model for the macromolecular structure of pectin is put forward, together with ideas on how pectins are integrated into the plant cell wall.
Efficient Heat Transfer Approximation for the Chip-on-Substrate Problem (1996)

An analytically based approximate solution is presented for the thermal resistance of an axisymmetric heat source mounted on a conductive substrate with bottom- and top-side convective cooling of the substrate. The approximation closely matches an exact solution for bottom-side convective cooling and reference finite element solutions for top-side and both-side cooling over broad ranges of substrate thickness (10−4 ≤ t* ≤ 104 and 10−2 ≤ t* ≤ 102), substrate outer radius (1 ≤ b* ≤ 100) and convective Blot numbers (10-4 to 102). With bottom-side cooling, a minimum in the thermal resistance can occur over a wide range of substrate thicknesses. The approximate solution possesses simplicity and ease of computation as compared to exact or computational solutions for many microelectronic applications.
Treatment of Crohn’s disease with certolizumab pegol (2007)

Biologic therapies have revolutionized the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Targeting TNF-alpha with monoclonal antibodies has changed the therapeutic landscape for tackling refractory and complicated CD. Intravenous use of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha is, however, limited by the occurrence of adverse events, infusion reactions, infectious complications, aggravation of heart failure, the occurrence of neurological demyelinating conditions and induction of rare malignancies. The incremental development of next-generation TNF-alpha antibodies and binding proteins through antibody-engineering techniques has followed, with the aim of producing efficacious drugs that are less expensive to produce, have a convenient route of administration and have fewer side effects. Certolizumab pegol (CDP870, Cimzia) is an engineered humanized anti-TNF-alpha antibody Fab fragment that minimizes the protein component and is conjugated to polyethylene glycol. Clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe active CD. Reported adverse events in the clinical trial program have been largely of mild-to-moderate severity, and occurred at similar frequencies in the active-treatment and placebo groups. Certolizumab pegol will be a useful addition to the armamentarium of biologic agents that can be used for the long-term treatment of CD.
ChemInform Abstract: Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Cells Using Graphitized Mesophase‐Pitch‐Based Carbon Fiber Anodes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diethoxymethyl: A Useful Nitrogen-Protecting Group for Lactams and Amides (1995)

Treatment of the lactams 3a-e and the amide 3f with triethyl orthoformate leads to the N-diethoxymethyl substituted derivatives 4a-f. Additionally, the indolinones 3a and 3b can react at the lactam α-position to give the reaction products 2 and 5, respectively. The diethoxymethyl group can be easily removed by subsequent treatment with trifluoroacetic acid and NaOH.
Conformational polymorphism in peptidic and nonpeptidic drug molecules (1996)

Macrolide ligands that bind FK506 binding proteins and cyclosporins that a bind cyclophilins are chemically dissimilar but can share a number of structural and biological properties. Both families of ligands have very different conformations in the free state compared to those adopted when complexed with their binding protein. These transformations involve twisting from cis to trans about specific amide bonds, which result in significant changes in the hydrogen-bonding capabilities of the molecular surfaces. The three-dimensional structure of a new cyclosporin-like ligand (SDZ214 - 103) is described in the free crystalline state and bound to cyclophilin, and is shown to have a very different conformation from cyclosporin A in the free crystal, but a very similar conformation when bound to cyclophilin.
Applications of Menthol in Synthetic Chemistry (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of Menthol in Synthetic ChemistryHeiko Oertling, Aurélia Reckziegel, Horst Surburg, and Heinz-Juergen BertramView Author Information Symrise GmbH & Co. KG, Mühlenfeldstrasse 1, D-37603 Holzminden, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5, 2136–2164Publication Date (Web):May 9, 2007Publication History Received24 October 2006Published online9 May 2007Published inissue 1 May 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068409fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068409fresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4173Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cyclization,Molecular structure,Reaction products,Reagents,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Mechanical and optical effects of elastomer interaction in polypropylene modification: Ethylene-propylene rubber, poly-(ethylene-co-octene) and styrene-butadiene elastomers (2012)

The interaction between binary combinations of three different elastomer classes commonly applied in impact modification of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied. Blends based on a homogeneous ethylene-propylene (EP) random copolymer (EP-RACO) and a heterophasic EP impact copolymer comprising ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) with different external elastomer types, one homogeneous ethylene-1-octene copolymer (EOC), and two hydrogenated styrenebutadiene-styrene triblock copolymers (SEBS) with different styrene content, were prepared. The phase morphology, mobility as a function of temperature, mechanical and optical properties were studied. Special effects could be achieved for the combination of two different elastomer types. The results clearly demonstrate the possibility to achieve attractive property combinations in ternary systems consisting of a crystalline PP matrix and two different types of elastomer, EPR or EOC on the one hand and SEBS on the other hand. A combination of density matching and compatibilization effects allows reaching good low temperature impact strength together with a transparency close to matrix level when selecting a butadiene-rich SEBS type.
Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Preterm Newborns with EarlyOnset Sepsis: A Case-Control Study (2021)

Sepsis is a major concern in neonatology, but there are no reliable biomarkers for its early diagnosis. The aim of the study was to compare the metabolic profiles of plasma and urine samples collected at birth from preterm neonates with and without earlyonset sepsis (EOS) to identify metabolic perturbations that might orient the search for new early biomarkers. All preterm newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were eligible for this proof-of-concept, prospective case-control study. Infants were enrolled as "cases" if they developed EOS, and as "controls"if they did not. Plasma samples collected at birth and urine samples collected within 24 h of birth underwent untargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis using mass spectrometry coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied. Of 123 eligible newborns, 15 developed EOS. These 15 newborns matched controls for gestational age and weight. Metabolomic analysis revealed evident clustering of the cases versus controls, with the glutathione and tryptophan metabolic pathways markedly disrupted in the former. In conclusion, neonates with EOS had a metabolic profile at birth that clearly distinguished them from those without sepsis, and metabolites of glutathione and tryptophan pathways are promising as new biomarkers of neonatal sepsis.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition Reactions of Allyl Stannanes to an Indolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1,2‐b]isoquinoline Imminium Salt. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Three-Dimensional Opal-Like Silica Foams (2006)

The synthesis of novel meso-/macroporous SiO2 monoliths by combining a nano-building-blocks-based approach with the confined geometry of a tailored air-liquid foam structure is described. The resulting macrostructure in which ordered close-packed colloidal silica nanoparticles constitute the monolith's scaffolds very closely resembles the tailored periodic air-liquid foam template. The void spaces between adjacent particles create textural mesoporosity; therefore, the as-prepared silica networks are characterized by hierarchical porosity at the macroscopic and mesoscopic length scales. The fine-tuning of both the liquid foam's fraction and the bubble size allows a rational design over the macroscopic cell morphologies (shape, Plateau border's length, and width). Striking results of this approach are the weak shrinkage of the as-synthesized opal-like scaffolds during the thermally induced sintering process and, in contrast with previous studies, the formation of closed-cell structures. Particle organization and the foam film surface roughness are investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), showing the influence of the liquid flow, within the foams' Plateau borders and films, on the final assemblies.
Accurate kinetic parameter estimation during progress curve analysis of systems with endogenous substrate production (2011)

We have identified an error in the published integral form of the modified Michaelis-Menten equation that accounts for endogenous substrate production. The correct solution is presented and the error in both the substrate concentration, S, and the kinetic parameters Vm , Km , and R resulting from the incorrect solution was characterized. The incorrect integral form resulted in substrate concentration errors as high as 50% resulting in 7-50% error in kinetic parameter estimates. To better reflect experimental scenarios, noise containing substrate depletion data were analyzed by both the incorrect and correct integral equations. While both equations resulted in identical fits to substrate depletion data, the final estimates of Vm , Km , and R were different and Km and R estimates from the incorrect integral equation deviated substantially from the actual values. Another observation was that at R = 0, the incorrect integral equation reduced to the correct form of the Michaelis-Menten equation. We believe this combination of excellent fits to experimental data, albeit with incorrect kinetic parameter estimates, and the reduction to the Michaelis-Menten equation at R = 0 is primarily responsible for the incorrectness to go unnoticed. However, the resulting error in kinetic parameter estimates will lead to incorrect biological interpretation and we urge the use of the correct integral form presented in this study.
A new antenna array architecture with hybrid beamforming for broadband satellite communications (2023)

In this paper, an antenna array architecture for broadband space communications with overlapped square subarrays is proposed. Analog and digital beamforming are performed consecutively at subarray level and across all subarrays. Subarrays are considered at digital beamforming level as large radiating elements, and thus the spacing between adjacent subarrays is not sufficient to prevent from interference. This leads to the creation of grating lobes. Overlapping methodologies have been studied in the literature and is an effective solution to mitigate this non-desired grating lobes. An overlapping strategy is proposed in this paper and can be seen as a shift by half the size of a subarray along 2-D. This enables a total mitigation of odd grating lobes. A comparison is made to benchmark this architecture performance compared to other existing strategies.
AFLIBERCEPT FOR THE TREATMENT OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENTS (2015)

Switching to aflibercept from ranibizumab or bevacizumab resulted in a reduction in the height of PED and central subfield thickness, but a trend toward worse visual acuity 1 year after the switch.
CBMT-08. COMPARISON OF THREE METABOLIC PET RADIOTRACERS IN GLIOBLASTOMA: CELL CULTURE AND ANIMAL STUDIES (2018)

INTRODUCTION: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging modality used to visualize and define tumors based on their molecular characteristics and may play an important role in diagnosis and response assessment in glioblastoma patients. We have reported [18F]DASA-23 as a novel radiotracer for the measurement of aberrantly-expressed pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in glioblastoma. PKM2 represents an attractive target for PET imaging due to lack of expression in the healthy brain and key role in the glycolytic reprogramming of glioblastoma. We compared the uptake dynamics and in vivo performance of [18F]DASA-23 to that of established radiotracers ([18F]FDG and [18F]FDOPA). Human U87 glioblastoma cells were studied for the uptake experiments and were also orthotopically implanted into nude mice (N=4) for in vivo microPET/CT dynamic imaging with the three radiotracers. Finally, a separate cohort of mice (N=6) was evaluated with [18F]DASA-23 microPET/CT before and one week post-initiation of vehicle or temozolomide chemotherapy (70 mg/kg, oral, 5 days per 28-day cycle). Data are reported as mean±SD. The cellular uptake at 60 minutes post-addition of radioactivity was 10.5 ± 0.5 %uptake/mg protein for [18F]DASA-23, which was significantly greater than that of [18F]FDG (1.94 ± 0.1, p<0.0001) and [18F]FDOPA (1.2 ± 0.1, p<0.0001). In the animal imaging studies at 30 minutes post-injection of radioactivity, [18F]DASA-23 clearly delineated the tumors from the surrounding healthy brain tissue and had a significantly higher tumor-to-brain ratio compared to that of [18F]FDG and [18F]FDOPA (4.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.2 ± 0.2 [p=0.0005] and 2.6 ± 0.2 [p<0.0001], respectively). In another cohort of mice, the percent change in the [18F]DASA-23 tumor-to-brain ratio from pre-treatment to one week post-treatment was significantly reduced in the temozolomide compared to the vehicle group (p=0.004). These studies highlight the benefit of PET imaging with [18F]DASA-23 over other radiotracers ([18F]FDG and [18F]FDOPA) and suggest the potential to detect early response to temozolomide therapy with [18F]DASA-23.