gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated anatomy detection in CT localizer images (2015)

In this paper we present a system for the automated detection of multiple anatomies in computer tomography (CT) localizer images. The proposed method employs classification cascades for the fast and accurate localization of individual anatomies. In order to facilitate the joint localization of multiple anatomies, their geometric relations are described in terms of a probabilistic model. This gives rise to a part-based detection approach which allows for the consolidation of multiple detections and the prediction of missed anatomies. The performance of the approach is quantitatively evaluated on a comprehensive set of 737 CT localizer images for five individual and three combined anatomies.
Phenotypic characterization of human cytolytic T lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture. (1981)

Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)-activated T cells were analyzed according to the expression of various cell surface markers by the specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated in the MLR. CTL were found exclusively in a population of MLR-activated T cells that lacked detectable Fc gamma R but that expressed a surface antigen recognized by the 4F2 monoclonal antibody. In contrast, CTL were found in both the Ia-positive and Ia-negative cells after MLR activation. Thus, the specific CTL generated in the allogeneic MLR can be identified and isolated by virtue of the expression of a particular cell surface marker.
Thermal-Mechanical Stress Modeling of Copper Chip-to-Substrate Pillar Connections (2010)

The thermal stress induced by the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between a silicon integrated circuit and an organic substrate is an important reliability issue for chip-to-substrate connections. Copper pillar chip-to-substrate connections, including solder-capped and all-copper pillars, are potential replacements for solder balls with underfill in flip-chip applications. The thermal stresses associated with copper pillar connections are a function of the shape, dimensions, and materials for copper pillars and their associated chip and substrate terminations. In this paper, the design of the copper pillar, chip-to-substrate connections has been studied using finite element analysis. A 3-D, half generalized plane deformation slice model is used to study the static thermal stress at elevated temperature. The design parameters include the shape and material of the pads at the terminus of the copper pillars and the nature of supporting collar around the pillar. The modeling results show that a chip-pad helps to lower the maximum thermal stress within the silicon die. Moreover, a supporting collar around the copper pillars serves to decrease the maximum thermal stress on the silicon die. A high-modulus polymer collar around the copper pillar serves to lower the stress at the pillar-to-chip-pad junction and increase the stress within the center of the pillar. The maximum thermal stress within the die was lowered from 160 MPa to 100 MPa by increasing the elastic modulus of the collar from 1.2 GPa to 11.8 GPa.
Antenna and Propagation Parameters Modeling Live Networks (2011)

In radio network performance evaluations it is of interest to use simulation environments that represent realistic networks. In this paper two widely used simulation environments are benchmarked against live network path gain measurements. Some parameter adjustments are done to fit the simulation environments to the measured path gain and cell isolation statistics. The need to modify base station antenna model parameters to match the intra-site cell isolation in real networks is identified and elaborated. In particular an increase of maximum attenuation to 35 dB, introduction of mechanical tilt and reduction of vertical beam width are needed. In addition some adjustments are done to better represent the assumed traffic distribution with 80% indoor users and expected propagation losses resulting in a path gain level on par with the measured network.
Analog/Mixed Signal IP DFx from a Foundry perspective (2019)

Foundries are enabling fabless chip design companies to meet market demand of highly integrated devices for mobile applications, FPGAs and advanced network infrastructure products. Foundries makes significant investments in the development of advanced technology nodes to ensure future customer demands are met. This implies that fab utilization is of high importance. The importance of DFx to accelerate technology bring up and to enable fast customer volume ramp up cannot be argued. However, how much DFx should be included in a foundry IP portfolio can be debated. The foundry DFT team work as intermediary between customers and IP providers. Some DFT methodologies used to identify design and manufacturing constraints can be viewed as overkill and not compatible in an IP ecosystem, while other DFT features are missing and these gaps need to be addressed. A definite balance between expectations from customers for DFx features, and collaterals and features offered by IP providers need to be in place to ensure competitive IP offerings.
Uninterrupted administration of edoxaban vs vitamin K antagonists in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: Rationale and design of the ELIMINATE‐AF study. (2018)

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at an approximately 0.5% to 3% increased risk of thromboembolism during and immediately after catheter ablation. Treatment guidelines recommend periprocedural oral anticoagulation plus unfractionated heparin during ablation. Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are the only non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants for which there are randomized controlled trials assessing uninterrupted anticoagulation in patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF. Edoxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is noninferior vs warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism with less major bleeding in patients with nonvalvular AF. The ELIMINATE-AF (Evaluation of Edoxaban Compared With VKA in Subjects Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation) trial is a multinational, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, blinded-endpoint evaluation (PROBE) study to assess the safety and efficacy of once-daily edoxaban 60 mg (30 mg in patients indicated for a dose reduction) vs vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with nonvalvular AF undergoing catheter ablation (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02942576). A total of 560 patients are planned for randomization to edoxaban or VKA (2:1 ratio) to obtain 450 patients fully compliant with the protocol. Patients will complete 21 to 28 days of anticoagulation prior to the ablation and a 90-day post-ablation period. The primary efficacy endpoint is the composite of all-cause death, stroke, and major bleeding. The primary safety endpoint is major bleeding. A magnetic resonance imaging substudy will assess the incidence of silent cerebral lesions post-ablation. ELIMINATE-AF will define the efficacy and safety of edoxaban for uninterrupted oral anticoagulation during catheter ablation of AF.
Yield enhancement prediction with statistical process simulations in an advanced poly-emitter complementary bipolar technology (2002)

This paper presents an approach for yield enhancement using TCAD tools in a state-of-the-art custom IC fabrication process. We have shown that yield can be correctly predicted, which allows the use of TCAD tools for yield enhancement. The proposed methodology proved to be significantly faster and more cost-effective than the traditional approach involving fabline experiments. As the most important part of this work, we identified reasons for yield loss in an advanced poly-emitter complementary bipolar technology, and predicted a 15% yield improvement with a change in the process flow, which was confirmed by the measured results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemical doping of individual semiconducting carbon-nanotube ropes (2000)

We report the effects of potassium doping on the conductance of individual semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube ropes. We are able to control the level of doping by reversibly intercalating and de-intercalating potassium. Potassium doping changes the carriers in the ropes from holes to electrons. Typical values for the carrier density are found to be $\ensuremath{\sim}100$--1000 electrons/$\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}.$ The effective mobility for the electrons is ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\sim}20$--60 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ a value similar to that reported for the hole effective mobility in nanotubes [R. Martel et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2447 (1998)].
Growth phase-dependent production of a cell wall-associated elastinolytic cysteine proteinase by Staphylococcus epidermidis (2004)

Staphylococcus epidermidis, a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative bacterium is a predominant inhabitant of human skin and mucous membranes. Recently, however, it has become one of the most important agents of hospital-acquired bacteriemia, as it has been found to be responsible for surgical wound infections developed in individuals with indwelling catheters or prosthetic devices, as well as in immunosupressed or neutropenic patients. Despite their medical significance, little is known about proteolytic enzymes of S. epidermidis and their possible contribution to the bacterium's pathogenicity; however, it is likely that they function as virulence factors in a manner similar to that proposed for the proteases of Staphylococcus aureus. Here we describe the purification of a cell wall-associated cysteine protease from S. epidermidis, its biochemical properties and specificity. A homology search using N-terminal sequence data revealed similarity to staphopain A (ScpA) and staphopain B (SspB), cysteine proteases from S. aureus. Moreover, the gene encoding S. epidermidis cysteine protease (Ecp) and a downstream gene coding for a putative inhibitor of the protease form an operon structure which resembles that of staphopain A in S. aureus. The active cysteine protease was detected on the bacterial cell surface as well as in the culture media and is apparently produced in a growth phase-dependent manner, with initial expression occurring in the mid-logarithmic phase. This enzyme, with elastinolytic properties, as well as the ability to cleave alpha1PI, fibrinogen and fibronectin, may possibly contribute to the invasiveness and pathogenic potential of S. epidermidis.
Towards the integration of process and quality control using multi-agent technology (2011)

The paper introduces a vision on the design of distributed manufacturing control systems using the multi-agent principles to enhance the integration of the production and quality control processes. It is highlighted how agent technology may enforce interaction of manufacturing execution system and distributed control system, enhancing the exploitation of the available information at the quality control and process control levels. A specific focus is made on a suitable engineering methodology for the design and realization of such concept. Innovation is also presented at the level of adaptive process control and self-optimizing quality control, with examples related to a home appliance production line.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Biodegradable Thermosensitive Polymeric Micelles: Toward a Targeted Nanomedicine Suitable for Image-Guided Drug Delivery (2009)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been receiving great attention lately due to their various biomedical applications, such as in MR imaging and image guided drug delivery. However, their systemic administration still remains a challenge. In this study, the ability of biodegradable thermosensitive polymeric micelles to stably encapsulate hydrophobic oleic-acid-coated SPIONs (diameter 5−10 nm) was investigated, to result in a system fulfilling the requirements for systemic administration. The micelles were composed of amphiphilic, thermosensitive, and biodegradable block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide dilactate] (mPEG-b-p(HPMAm-Lac2)). The encapsulation was performed by addition of one volume of SPIONs in THF to nine volumes of a cold aqueous mPEG-b-p(HPMAm-Lac2) solution (0 °C; below the cloud point of the polymer), followed by rapid heating of the resulting mixture to 50 °C, to induce micelle formation (“rapid heating” procedure). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements revealed that ∼200 nm particles (PDI = 0.2) were formed, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that clusters of SPIONs were present in the core of the micelles. A maximum loading of 40% was obtained, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning of the samples demonstrated that the SPION-loaded micelles had high r2 and r2* relaxivities. Furthermore, the r2* values were found to be at least 2-fold higher than the r2 values, confirming the clustering of the SPIONs in the micellar core. The particles showed excellent stability under physiological conditions for 7 days, even in the presence of fetal bovine serum. This, together with their ease of preparation and their size of ∼200 nm, makes these systems highly suitable for image-guided drug delivery.
Polar and steric effects in hydrogen abstraction by dialkylamine cation radicals (1968)

The high selectivity observed in the chlorination of methyl decanoate by N-chlorodialkylamines is due to the inductive effect of the methoxycarbonyl group and a (ω– 1) effect which seems to be steric. This second effect occurs also in the chlorination of n-heptane, in which the methylene at position 2 is more reactive than the others, and it is increased by use of an N-chlorodialkylamine with higher steric requirement.
Cov2MS: An Automated and Quantitative Matrix-Independent Assay for Mass Spectrometric Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein (2022)

The pandemic readiness toolbox needs to be extended, targeting different biomolecules, using orthogonal experimental set-ups. Here, we build on our Cov-MS effort using LC-MS, adding SISCAPA technology to enrich proteotypic peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein from trypsin-digested patient samples. The Cov<sup>2</sup>MS assay is compatible with most matrices including nasopharyngeal swabs, saliva, and plasma and has increased sensitivity into the attomole range, a 1000-fold improvement compared to direct detection in a matrix. A strong positive correlation was observed with qPCR detection beyond a quantification cycle of 30-31, the level where no live virus can be cultured. The automatable sample preparation and reduced LC dependency allow analysis of up to 500 samples per day per instrument. Importantly, peptide enrichment allows detection of the N protein in pooled samples without sensitivity loss. Easily multiplexed, we detect variants and propose targets for Influenza A and B detection. Thus, the Cov<sup>2</sup>MS assay can be adapted to test for many different pathogens in pooled samples, providing longitudinal epidemiological monitoring of large numbers of pathogens within a population as an early warning system.
EF-Tu From Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Is an Immunogenic Surface-Exposed Protein Targeted by Bactericidal Antibodies (2018)

Non-typeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (NTHi), a commensal organism in pre-school children, is an opportunistic pathogen causing respiratory tract infections including acute otitis media. Adults suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are persistently colonized by NTHi. Previous research has suggested that, in some bacterial species, the intracellular elongation factor thermo-unstable (EF-Tu) can moonlight as a surface protein upon host encounter. The aim of this study was to determine whether EF-Tu localizes to the surface of <i>H. influenzae</i>, and if such surface-associated EF-Tu is a target for bactericidal antibodies. Using flow cytometry, transmission immunoelectron microscopy, and epitope mapping, we demonstrated that EF-Tu is exposed at the surface of NTHi, and identified immunodominant epitopes of this protein. Rabbits immunized with whole-cell NTHi produced significantly more immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against EF-Tu than against the NTHi outer membrane proteins D and F as revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Chemical cleavage of NTHi EF-Tu by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) followed by immunoblotting showed that the immunodominant epitopes were located within the central and C-terminal regions of the protein. Peptide epitope mapping by dot blot analysis further revealed four different immunodominant peptide sequences; EF-Tu<sup>41-65</sup>, EF-Tu<sup>161-185</sup>, EF-Tu<sup>221-245</sup>, and EF-Tu<sup>281-305</sup>. These epitopes were confirmed to be surface-exposed and accessible by peptide-specific antibodies in flow cytometry. We also analyzed whether antibodies raised against NTHi EF-Tu cross-react with other respiratory tract pathogens. Anti-EF-Tu IgG significantly detected EF-Tu on unencapsulated bacteria, including the Gram-negative <i>H. parainfluenzae, H. haemolyticus, Moraxella catarrhalis</i> and various Gram-positive <i>Streptococci</i> of the oral microbiome. In contrast, considerably less EF-Tu was observed at the surface of encapsulated bacteria including <i>H. influenzae</i> serotype b (Hib) and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (e.g., serotype 3 and 4). Removal of the capsule, as exemplified by Hib RM804, resulted in increased EF-Tu surface density. Finally, anti-NTHi EF-Tu IgG promoted complement-dependent bacterial killing of NTHi and other unencapsulated Gram-negative bacteria as well as opsonophagocytosis of Gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that NTHi EF-Tu is surface-exposed and recognized by antibodies mediating host innate immunity against NTHi in addition to other unencapsulated respiratory tract bacteria.
COX-2–PGE2 Signaling Impairs Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration and Associates with TNF Inhibitor Responsiveness in Ulcerative Colitis (2018)

Our work indicates that COX-2-PGE<sub>2</sub> signaling could be a novel target for the management of PNRs to TNF inhibitors. We additionally demonstrate that COX-2-PGE<sub>2</sub> signaling has dual functions during tissue repair and normal lineage differentiation, explaining in part the lack of response to TNF inhibitors among PNRs. FUND: This work was funded by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Lundbeck Foundation, the Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, NIH Grants, Aase and Ejnar Danielsen's Foundation and the A.P. Møller Foundation.
Physically interactive story environments (2000)

Most interactive stories, such as hypertext narratives and interactive movies achieve an interactive “feel” by allowing the user to choose among multiple story paths. In this paper we discuss physically interactive environments with narrative structure in which the ability to choose among multiple story lines is replaced with having users, first, interact with the story characters in small, local “windows” of the narrative and, second, actively engage their bodies in movement. In particular, we found that compelling interactive narrative story systems can be perceived as highly responsive, engaging, and interactive even when the overall story has a single-path structure, in what we call a “less-choice, more-responsiveness” approach to the design of story-based interactive environments. We have also observed that unencumbering, rich sensor technology can facilitate user immersion in the experience as the story progresses—users can act as they typically would without worrying about manipulating a computer interface. To support these arguments, the paper describes the physical setup, the interactive story, the technology, and the user experience of four projects developed at the MIT Media Laboratory: KidsRoom, It/I, Personal Aerobics Trainer, and Swamped!
Improving Performance and Cyclability of Zinc–Silver Oxide Batteries by Using Graphene as a Two Dimensional Conductive Additive (2014)

In this article, the use of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a high-surface-area conductive additive for enhancing zinc-silver oxide (Zn-Ag2O) batteries is reported for the first time. Specific capacity, rate capability and cyclability are all improved with the addition of 5% thermally reduced graphene oxide to the electrode. It is shown that the rGO morphology becomes more beneficial as the active materials tend toward the nanoscale. The combination results in a better utilization of the active material, which in turn improves the specific capacity of the zinc-silver oxide batteries by ca. 50%, as a result of the more intimate contact with the nano (∼50 nm) electrode particles. The resulting rGO network also creates a high-surface-area conducting template for ZnO electrodeposition upon discharge, significantly reducing the overall particle size of the ZnO deposit, thus inhibiting the formation of dendrites, and increasing the number of achievable cycles from 4 to >160 with a basic cellulose separator. The morphology of the electrodes and its electrochemical parameters are studied as a function of cycling.
Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Platinum on YSZ Substrates Using Microcontact Printed SAMs (2007)

Using (methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum and oxygen as precursors, has been deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the surfaces of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a solid oxide electrolyte, as well as on oxide-covered silicon. Ex situ analyses have been carried out to examine the properties of both as-deposited and postannealed films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that there are no detectable impurities in the as-deposited films, and four-point probe measurements show that the resistivity for a film is as low as . The use of area-selective ALD to deposit patterned has also been investigated. By coating these same substrates with octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), ALD can be successfully blocked. Furthermore, it is shown that by transferring the ODTS SAMs to the substrates by microcontact printing using patterned stamps, platinum thin films are grown selectively on the SAM-free surface regions. Features with sizes as small as have been deposited by this combined method; the resolution is limited by the printed pattern and, likely, can be achieved at dimensions significantly smaller than a micrometer.
A Programmable System to Perform the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1988)

An automated system is described that performs the cyclic temperature changes required for enzymatic amplification of specific DNA segments in vitro using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). During pcr, oligonucleotide primer molecules are bound at low temperature to templates of heat-denatured DNA and extended on their 3' end using a thermostable DNA polymerase. The DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and extension is repeated several times under program control to accumulate a large number of identical copies of the DNA sequence between the primers. A microcomputer system controls the flow of 96 degrees C and 37 degrees C water through a 24-well sample holder so that the temperature in the samples in the holder varies as required for DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and DNA polymerization. The microcomputer automatically performs multiple thermal cycles and is sufficiently flexible that the temperature profile can be varied from cycle to cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Europium (S,S)‐Ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐disuccinate as a Chiral Lanthanide Shift Reagent for Aqueous Solutions. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.