gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation criteria and performance comparison of actuators for bluff-body flow control (2014)

Active flow control (AFC) relies on actuators’ control authority as a primary enabling technology for flow manipulation. The requirements from the actuation systems are revisited and tools for critical evaluation of actuators are offered. The application in mind is boundary layer separation control. Effective yet robust methods for coupling the excitation to unstable flow modes should be experimented. The recent introduction of the SaOB (steady Suction and Oscillatory Blowing) actuator concept to AFC and the use of similar no-moving parts oscillators have the potential to be both effective at higher speeds and overall efficient. To be accepted by industry, system efficiency should always be assessed, not only the improvement in aerodynamic performance. A few performance based criteria for comparing different actuation concepts are presented and discussed. The first criterion is the actuator conversion efficiency, from input energy (electric or fluidic) to mechanical energy. The second criterion evaluates the actuator based on its force or momentum generation capability as it operates in still fluid, while considering its weight, volume and power consumption. An additional, application dependent, criterion is the Aerodynamic Figure of Merit, an energy efficiency criterion, based on the improvement of the controlled performance (e.g., lift to drag ratio, wind turbine power production or drag reduction efficiency) of a certain application, when the power consumption (and possibly also the weight) of the actuation system are taken into account. Relevant recent separation control data are presented, compared and discussed. It was found that Piezo fluidic actuation is effective at low speeds while SaOB actuation is preferred at higher speeds. Mechanical or electromagnetic actuators are less effective mainly due to excessive weight while DBD Plasma actuators are orders of magnitude less efficient (0.1%). A minimal actuation efficiency requirement based on CFD results is also outlined.
Discrepancies in the Time Course of Sleep Stage Dynamics, Electroencephalographic Activity and Heart Rate Variability Over Sleep Cycles in the Adaptation Night in Healthy Young Adults (2021)

The results suggest the distinct vulnerability of the autonomic adaptation processes within the central nervous system in young healthy subjects while sleeping in a sleep laboratory for the first time.
Interaction Analysis of MRP1 with Anticancer Drugs Used in Ovarian Cancer: In Silico Approach (2022)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major therapeutic challenges that limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic response resulting in poor prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC). The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a membrane-bound ABC transporter involved in cross resistance to many structurally and functionally diverse classes of anticancer drugs including doxorubicin, taxane, and platinum. In this study, we utilize homology modelling and molecular docking analysis to determine the binding affinity and the potential interaction sites of MRP1 with Carboplatin, Gemcitabine, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and Topotecan. We used AutoDock Vina scores to compare the binding affinities of the anticancer drugs against MRP1. Our results depicted Carboplatin < Gemcitabine < Topotecan < Doxorubicin < Paclitaxel as the order of binding affinities. Paclitaxel has shown the highest binding affinity whereas Carboplatin displayed the lowest affinity to MRP1. Interestingly, our data showed that Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Topotecan bind specifically to Asn510 residue in the transmembrane domains 1 of the MRP1. Our results suggest that Carboplatin could be an appropriate therapeutic choice against MRP1 in OC as it couples weakly with Carboplatin. Further, our findings also recommend opting Carboplatin with Gemcitabine as a combinatorial chemotherapeutic approach to overcome MDR phenotype associated with recurrent OC.
Trends in Mobile Radio Channels-Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation [From the Guest Editors] (2011)

This special issue is composed of eight articles, which provide an overview of state-of-the-art research in mobile radio channels.
Dual-energy micro-CT for quantifying the time-course and staining characteristics of ex-vivo animal organs treated with iodine- and gadolinium-based contrast agents (2017)

Chemical staining of soft-tissues can be used as a strategy to increase their low inherent contrast in X-ray absorption micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), allowing to obtain fast three-dimensional structural information of animal organs. Though some staining agents are commonly used in this context, little is known about the staining agents' ability to stain specific types of tissues; the times necessary to provide a sufficient contrast; and the effect of staining solution in distorting the tissue. Here we contribute to studies of animal organs (mouse heart and lungs) using staining combined with dual-energy micro-CT (DECT). DECT was used in order to obtain an additional quantitative measure for the amount of staining agents within the sample in 3D maps. Our results show that the two staining solutions used in this work diffuse differently in the tissues studied, the staining times of some tens of minutes already produce high-quality micro-CT images and, at the concentrations applied in this work, the staining solutions tested do not cause relevant tissue distortions. While one staining solution provides images of the general morphology of the organs, the other reveals organs' features in the order of a hundred micrometers.
Table S4 from Organoid Profiling Identifies Common Responders to Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S4&lt;/p&gt;
Three-dimensional coupled-wave model for square-lattice photonic crystal lasers with transverse electric polarization: A general approach (2011)

A general coupled-wave model is presented for square-lattice photonic crystal (PC) lasers with transverse-electric polarization. This model presents a realistic treatment of the full three-dimensional structure of typical laser devices by incorporating the surface emission and high-order coupling effects. Numerical examples based on our model are presented for various PC structures with different air-hole shapes. The accuracy of the results is verified using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations. Using this model, we demonstrate that the PC lattice with asymmetric air holes can give rise to a high-output power, efficient device.
Scattering by a thin and flat elliptic object: How the conformal mapping approach allows addressing numerical issues (2015)

In this work, we are interested in modeling the propagation of an ultrasonic field in the complex trabecular bone structure. For this purpose, we use a simplified formulation, based on a representation of the bone tissue as thin and flat elliptic scatterers. With an ultrasonic inspection frequency of 1 MHz, the largest dimension of the ellipse is about half a wavelength, while the smallest dimension is 7–10 times smaller. The computation of the scattered field is based on a modal decomposition, generalized to the case of scatterers of arbitrary geometry (Chati et al., “Modal theory applied to the acoustic scattering by elastic cylinders of arbitrary cross section,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2004). Due to the very thin and flat geometry, this approach suffers huge numerical difficulties that require the use of enhanced precision and very long computation times. In this paper, we illustrate these issues. An alternative has been proposed (Liu et al., “Conformal mapping for the Helmholtz equation: Acoustic wave scattering by a two dimensional inclusion with irregular shape in an ideal fluid,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 2012), based on a conformal mapping of the ellipse. We compare the two formulations and show how the conformal mapping allows reducing drastically the numerical issues resulting from the standard approach.
Perspectives of Using Sewage Sludge Char in CO2 Sequestration on Degraded and Brownfield Sites (2023)

One of the greatest challenges humankind currently faces is global warming, mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Here we have attempted to show how thermal conversion products, specifically from the pyrolysis of biomass wastes such as sewage sludge, can be used effectively and equivalently to sequester CO2 in brownfield and degraded areas. Scenarios were devised that showed the significant potential for CO2 sequestration in the form of biochar from sewage sludge deposited on degraded and brownfield areas. With the current amount of sludge production, such sludge could even be used in its entirety as a raw material in pyrolysis processes, where, in addition to the biochar, the heat necessary for drying the sludge could be generated and high-energy gas and liquid fractions could be obtained, which could be used to produce alternative fuels. It is therefore important to consider both the potential for CO2 sequestration on degraded and brownfield sites and the potential for sludge disposal in Europe as viable options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable waste management practices.
Pubertal development and testicular function in the male growth hormone-deficient rat (1990)

The pubertal development of a novel GH-deficient mutant, the dwarf rat, has been evaluated. The establishment of normal spermatogenic function within small testes suggests that GH plays no role in spermatogenic function during puberty and adult life. However, a reduction in testicular size may reflect a reduced Sertoli cell population, suggesting that GH may be of importance in prepubertal testicular development. Furthermore, marked differences between the homozygous dwarf rat and homozygous GH-deficient mouse mutants (e.g. Snell, Ames, pygmy and little mutants) have been demonstrated. It would appear that the GH deficiency in the rat mutant is far more specific for GH than those hitherto described in the mouse. In contrast to Snell dwarf mice mutants, pituitary and serum concentrations of FSH and LH are normal throughout pubertal development in the dwarf rat. Both spermatogenic function and seminal vesicle function develop normally, whilst in Snell dwarf mice spermatogenic function develops late in life and seminal vesicles remain infantile. Serum and testicular concentrations of androgen are also normal in dwarf rats. Homozygous dwarf rats have been shown to be fertile in previous studies; however, our observations suggest that despite spermatogenesis being qualitatively and quantitatively normal when assessed histologically, reduced testicular size seen in dwarf rats would lead to a reduced daily sperm output in these animals. The dwarf rat represents a mutant in which the consequences of the selective depletion of GH may be studied on various endocrine systems. The reproductive axis appears to be only partially affected, at an early age, by GH deficiency.
P4‐351: A PLASMA PHOSPHOLIPID BIOMARKER PROFILE FOR DETECTING PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CAN BE MODIFIED BY ORAL INTAKE OF NUTRIENTS THAT INCREASE PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS (2014)

Synapse loss and dysfunction characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been linked to the degeneration of neuronal membranes and increased breakdown of membrane phospholipids. Recent studies have demonstrated lower plasma levels of several phospholipid species in AD and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects compared with those in healthy individuals. Most interestingly, Mapstone (2014, Nat Med) validated a prognostic biomarker panel of 10 plasma lipids that could predict conversion to MCI/AD within 2-3 years with >90% accuracy. The lower levels of these lipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine species, could reflect altered phospholipid metabolism in the brain and periphery. We tested in drug-naïve patients with very mild to mild AD, a nutritional intervention (Souvenaid®, 125mL, taken once daily) containing a specific nutrient combination in a 24-week, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-country trial. Baseline and 24-week plasma samples of patients taking either the investigational or control product were analyzed for lipid profiles at the Kansas Lipidomics Research Center using ESI-MS/MS. Five of the 7 measured phosphatidylcholine species described by Mapstone, were significantly increased following the 24-week treatment with the nutrient combination. Plasma concentration (μM; mean (s.d.)) among patients taking the investigational product increased as follows: phosphatidylcholine diacyl (PCaa)-C36:6: +0.66 (0.79); PCaa-C38:0: +1.42 (2.00); PCaa-C38:6: +81.14 (36.74); PCaa-C40:6: +33.58 (16.95); phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl (PCae)-C40:6: +3.27 (1.88); (all P<0.001, change from baseline using paired t-test; and all P<0.0001, investigational vs. control product using ANCOVA). These results indicate that a biomarker profile reflecting disturbed phospholipid metabolism and perhaps indicative of early neurodegeneration can be modified in AD by providing nutrients which rate-limit phospholipid biosynthesis. These nutrients are substrates in the Kennedy pathway which synthesizes the phospholipids present in synaptic membranes and could thus ameliorate synaptic degeneration in AD. Previous observations from the same study indicate that this nutritional intervention improves memory performance (Scheltens, 2012, JAD), and preserves brain network organization in AD patients (de Waal, 2014, PLoS One), which both may result from enhanced formation of synaptic membranes. Our findings suggest that the nutritional intervention may also be useful in asymptomatic subjects with a plasma lipid profile prognostic of AD. Souvenaid is a registered trademark of N.V. Nutricia.
Suggesting friends using the implicit social graph (2010)

Although users of online communication tools rarely categorize their contacts into groups such as "family", "co-workers", or "jogging buddies", they nonetheless implicitly cluster contacts, by virtue of their interactions with them, forming implicit groups. In this paper, we describe the implicit social graph which is formed by users' interactions with contacts and groups of contacts, and which is distinct from explicit social graphs in which users explicitly add other individuals as their "friends". We introduce an interaction-based metric for estimating a user's affinity to his contacts and groups. We then describe a novel friend suggestion algorithm that uses a user's implicit social graph to generate a friend group, given a small seed set of contacts which the user has already labeled as friends. We show experimental results that demonstrate the importance of both implicit group relationships and interaction-based affinity ranking in suggesting friends. Finally, we discuss two applications of the Friend Suggest algorithm that have been released as Gmail Labs features.
Nanotextured Organic Light Emitting Diode Based Chemical Sensor (2009)

In this paper we present the design, fabrication and development of an optical, label free chemical sensor technology based on the portable "lab-on-a-chip" format. This sensor technology employs the use of nanotextured thin film surfaces packaged in a stacked vertical array format functioning as organic light emitting diodes (OLED's). The intensity of emitted light from OLED's is modulated as a function of the analyte concentration. The OLEDs were fabricated in a layer by layer configuration with an indium tin oxide anode and an aluminum cathode and TPD as a hole transport layer and AIQ3 as an electron transport layer. ITO/TPD/AlQ3/Al sandwich OLEDs were converted into sensors by converting the cathode (Al) surface into an active sensing area. The prototype sensor performance was evaluated in the detection of two aliphatic hydrocarbons-ethanol and methanol. The detection sensitivity was found to be in the lower parts per million (ppm). The limit of detection for ethanol was 1 ppm and that for methanol was 10 ppm. Chemical detection was achieved upon the comparison of turn-on voltages and the intensities of the output light from the OLED when chemical was being injected onto the cathode surface, with that of a standard OLED turn-on voltage and intensity. The modulation in these two parameters with respect to the standard was determined as a measure of detection of the two chemical species.
Single-cell stimulation and electroporation using a novel 0.18 &#x00B5; CMOS chip with subcellular-sized electrodes (2010)

In drug screening and pharmaceutical research, high-throughput systems that are able to perform single-cell measurements are highly desired. Micro-electrode arrays try to answer this need but still suffer from significant drawbacks such as a small amount of electrodes and the inability to address single cells. Here, we present a novel multi-transistor array chip with 16,384 subcellular-sized electrodes based on 0.18 µm CMOS technology. We show that single-cell stimulation is possible by applying voltage pulses on the electrode to stimulate the cells lying on top. Electroporation of the cell membrane is observed using the whole-cell patch clamp technique and fluorescent dye-based live imaging. This technology could be used for high-throughput, single-cell manipulations for the purpose of large-scale drug screening and the investigation of fundamental cell processes.
Comparison of thermal and microwave‐activated polymerization of ε‐caprolactone with titanium tetrabutylate as catalyst (1996)

Abstract Thermal and microwave‐activated ring‐opening polymerization at 180°C in the presence of titanium tetrabutylate at different ε‐caprolactone/titanium tetrabutylate molar ratios were compared. A special equipment was developed to control polymerization in the microwave field and to simultaneously monitor viscosity build‐up as well as changes in microwave powers corresponding to input, reflection and transmission. Conversion, measured by means of viscosity build‐up, and number‐average molecular weight of poly(ε‐caprolactone) were similar for both processes and did not indicate advantages relating to the use of microwave irradiation.
Time-resolved optical investigation of spatially indirect excitons in GaAs/GaSb quantum dots (1996)

Summary form only given. Self-organized quantum dots formed under Stranski-Krastanav growth has been an active area of quantum structure research. Traditional quantum dots grown with III-V materials usually have a normal band lineup, where the electron and hole are confined within the dot, and spatially direct excitons are observed in these structures. Highly strained material systems such as GaSb/GaAs exhibit a staggered band lineup, where electrons and holes are spatially separated. In this paper, we report on the time-resolved optics characterizations of spatially indirect excitons in GaSb-GaAs quantum dots.
Supplementary Figure S3 from RG7386, a Novel Tetravalent FAP-DR5 Antibody, Effectively Triggers FAP-Dependent, Avidity-Driven DR5 Hyperclustering and Tumor Cell Apoptosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization and optimization of RG7386 dosing in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from A Randomized Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T with Concurrent versus Sequential Abiraterone Acetate plus Prednisone in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This phase II open-label study evaluated the effect of concurrent or sequential administration of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA + P) on sipuleucel-T manufacture and immune responses in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; mCRPC patients received sipuleucel-T followed by AA + P 1 day (concurrent) or 10 weeks (sequential) after the first sipuleucel-T infusion. AA + P treatment continued for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was cumulative antigen presenting cell (APC) activation, and secondary endpoints included cumulative APC number and total nucleated cell counts. Additional endpoints included &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; peripheral immune responses to sipuleucel-T (T-cell responses, T-cell proliferation, humoral responses, and antigen spread) as well as safety.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Sixty-nine mCRPC patients were enrolled, with 35 and 34 patients randomized to the concurrent and sequential arms, respectively. &lt;i&gt;Ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; APC activation was significantly greater at the second and third infusions compared with baseline in both arms (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), indicative of an immunologic prime-boost effect. In both arms, sipuleucel-T product parameter profiles and peripheral immune responses were consistent with previously conducted sipuleucel-T phase III trials. Antigen spread was similarly observed in both arms and consistent with the other immunologic endpoints.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These data suggest that sipuleucel-T can be successfully manufactured during concurrent administration of AA + P without blunting immunologic effects or altering immune parameters that correlate with sipuleucel-T's clinical benefit. Combination of these agents was well tolerated, with no new safety signals emerging. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(17); 3862–9. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Probe-based ultrahigh-density storage technology (2008)

Ultrahigh storage densities can be achieved by using a thermomechanical scanning-probe-based data-storage approach to write, read back, and erase data in very thin polymer films. High data rates are achieved by parallel operation of large two-dimensional arrays of cantilevers that can be batch fabricated by silicon-surface micromachining techniques. The very high precision required to navigate the storage medium relative to the array of probes is achieved by microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based x and y actuators. The ultrahigh storage densities offered by probe-storage devices pose a significant challenge in terms of both control design for nanoscale positioning and read-channel design for reliable signal detection. Moreover, the high parallelism necessitates new dataflow architectures to ensure high performance and reliability of the system. In this paper, we present a small-scale prototype system of a storage device that we built based on scanning-probe technology. Experimental results of multiple sectors, recorded using multiple levers at 840 Gb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and read back without errors, demonstrate the functionality of the prototype system. This is the first time a scanning-probe recording technology has reached this level of technical maturity, demonstrating the joint operation of all building blocks of a storage device.
Laser light-scattering system for studying cell volume regulation and membrane transport processes (1993)

A simple and relatively inexpensive device utilizing laser light scattering for the study of volume regulatory behavior and membrane transport phenomena in cells cultured on or affixed to a rigid substrate is described in detail. Validation of the method is provided by study of cell types with known volume regulatory responses. The method we describe has numerous advantages over currently available techniques used to monitor cell volume changes. These advantages include 1) the ability to rapidly detect and quantify small cell volume changes on-line, 2) the ability to maintain natural cell morphology, cell surface contacts, and cell-to-cell interactions, 3) the ability to easily control solution temperature and gas and solute composition, and 4) the ability to perform multiple perturbations in a single experiment. The light-scattering system we describe can be modified to allow for simultaneous measurement of light-scattering signals and fluorescence emission from intracellular ion-sensitive probes and membrane potential dyes. In addition, our method may be useful for the study of apical and basolateral membrane transport processes in epithelial monolayer cell cultures.