gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in the Perception of Online Higher Education During COVID -19 Pandemic (2022)

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous countries introduced severe restrictions for social interaction, work, education and travelling. Education was abruptly transferred to online environment, without preparation time for taking into consideration the learning needs of students, generated by their personality, learning style, ICT skills and gender. As such, the perception of the higher education quality might have been impacted by this emergency online learning. The current paper aims to identify if the sudden experience of online education generated by pandemic is differently perceived by students of different genders. For this, the results of a quantitative research deployed on students from Bucharest University of Economic Studies, after one year of experiencing online learning, were analysed and interpreted in the light of previous research in the field. These results point to the fact that there are differences between genders in what concerns the time required by online learning and the perception of future perspectives of employment, as a result of the received online education.
The D2Q2 Framework: On the Relationship and Combination of Language Modelling and TF-IDF. (2013)

Language Modelling (LM) and TF-IDF are two retrieval models with different foundations. There have been efforts aiming at establishing the relationship between these models, and whether one includes the other. Whether their combination could yield a third and better model is an open research question. This paper revisits the foundations of LM and TF-IDF and explores how these models’ bare structures relate and how these structures can be combined. We begin with the premise that TF-IDF is the P (d|q)/P (d) side of retrieval, which complements the common view that LM is P (q|d)/P (q). Next, a hybrid framework based on the decomposition of the product of the two sides, P (d|q)/P (d) · P (q|d)/P (q), is developed. This leads to the D2Q2 family of models, which joins the inner components of LM and TF-IDF instead of combining their scores. This paper provides new insights into the relationship between LM and TF-IDF, and experimental results show that the D2Q2 models perform comparably to competitive baselines.
Improved Coherency-Based Wide-Band Equivalents for Real-Time Digital Simulators (2010)

This paper introduces an approach which enables very large power systems to be modeled on real-time electro-magnetic transients (EMT) digital simulators. This is achieved using an improved wide-band multi-port equivalent, which reduces a large power network into a small manageable equivalent model that preserves wide-band behaviors. The low-frequency or electromechanical transients are captured with a transient stability analysis (TSA) type electromechanical equivalent derived using coherency-based reduction techniques. The high-frequency behavior is accurately captured by placing in parallel with the TSA equivalent, a passive frequency dependant network equivalent (FDNE). The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing the approach with detailed electromagnetic simulations of a modified version of the New England 39-bus test system that includes an HVDC infeed. The power of the method is demonstrated by the real-time electromagnetic transient simulation of a large 2300-bus 139-generator system.
An investigation of radioactive yttrium (90Y) for the treatment of chronic knee effusions (1970)

The use of radioactive yttrium (90Y) silicate and yttrium resin as suitable substances for the treatment of chronic knee effusions has been discussed. The leakage of radioisotope following intraperitoneal injections into Fischer rats has been followed and shown to be greater with the silicate preparation than with the resin. Similar results were obtained following intra-articular injection into the knee joints of a series of patients with chronic rheumatoid effusions. There was a rapid removal of both preparations from the synovial fluid to the lining of the joints, but the silicate preparation then leaked to other parts of the body. The resin remained localised, as indicated by low blood, urine and faeces activities and by long-term whole-body profile scanning. We therefore consider the resin to be the most suitable substance for clinical use.
An Optimal Distributed Routing Algorithm using Dual Decomposition Techniques (2008)

We consider the routing problem in wireline, packet-switched communication networks. We cast our optimal routing problem in a multicommodity network flow optimization framework. Our cost function is related to the congestion in the network, and is a function of the flows on the links of the network. The optimization is over the set of flows in the links corresponding to the various destinations of the incoming traffic. We separately address the single commodity and the multicommodity versions of the routing problem. We consider the dual problems, and using dual decomposition techniques, we provide primal-dual algorithms that converge to the optimal solutions of the problems. Our algorithms, which are subgradient algorithms to solve the corresponding dual problems, can be implemented in a distributed manner by the nodes of the network. For online, adaptive implementations of our algorithms, the nodes in the network need to utilize 'locally available information' like estimates of queue lengths on outgoing links. We show convergence to the optimal routing solutions for synchronous versions of the algorithms, with perfect (noiseless) estimates of the queueing delays. Every node of the network controls the flows on the outgoing links using the distributed algorithms. For both the single commodity and multicommodity cases, we show that our algorithm converges to a loop-free optimal solution. Our optimal solutions also have the attractive property of being multipath routing solutions.
Dendritic Polyurea Polymers (2015)

Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2015, 36, 138–150 In the original version of the above paper, Scheme 5 is reproduced twice and appears in place of Scheme 10. The correct version of Scheme 10 looks as follows:
Recombinant Sialyltransferase Infusion Mitigates Infection-Driven Acute Lung Inflammation (2019)

Inappropriate inflammation exacerbates a vast array of chronic and acute conditions with severe health risks. In certain situations, such as acute sepsis, traditional therapies may be inadequate in preventing severe organ damage or death. We have previously shown cell surface glycan modification by the circulating sialyltransferase ST6Gal-1 regulates <i>de novo</i> inflammatory cell production via a novel extrinsic glycosylation pathway. Here, we show that therapeutic administration of recombinant, bioactive ST6Gal-1 (rST6G) mitigates acute inflammation in a murine model mimicking acute exacerbations experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition to suppressing proximal neutrophil recruitment at onset of infection-mediated inflammation, rST6G also muted local cytokine production. Histologically, exposure with NTHI, a bacterium associated with COPD exacerbations, in rST6G-treated animals revealed consistent and pronounced reduction of pulmonary inflammation, characterized by smaller inflammatory cuffs around bronchovascular bundles, and fewer inflammatory cells within alveolar walls, alveolar spaces, and on pleural surfaces. Taken together, the data advance the idea that manipulating circulatory ST6Gal-1 levels has potential in managing inflammatory conditions by leveraging the combined approaches of controlling new inflammatory cell production and dampening the inflammation mediator cascade.
Volumetric Benchmarking of Error Mitigation with Qermit (2022)

The detrimental effect of noise accumulates as quantum computers grow in size. In the case where devices are too small or noisy to perform error correction, error mitigation may be used. Error mitigation does not increase the fidelity of quantum states, but instead aims to reduce the approximation error in quantities of concern, such as expectation values of observables. However, it is as yet unclear which circuit types, and devices of which characteristics, benefit most from the use of error mitigation. Here we develop a methodology to assess the performance of quantum error mitigation techniques. Our benchmarks are volumetric in design, and are performed on different superconducting hardware devices. Extensive classical simulations are also used for comparison. We use these benchmarks to identify disconnects between the predicted and practical performance of error mitigation protocols, and to identify the situations in which their use is beneficial. To perform these experiments, and for the benefit of the wider community, we introduce Qermit - an open source python package for quantum error mitigation. Qermit supports a wide range of error mitigation methods, is easily extensible and has a modular graph-based software design that facilitates composition of error mitigation protocols and subroutines.
Strain-Compensated InGaAsP Superlattices for Defect Reduction of InP Grown on Exact-Oriented (001) Patterned Si Substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2018)

We report on the use of InGaAsP strain-compensated superlattices (SC-SLs) as a technique to reduce the defect density of Indium Phosphide (InP) grown on silicon (InP-on-Si) by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Initially, a 2 μm thick gallium arsenide (GaAs) layer was grown with very high uniformity on exact oriented (001) 300 mm Si wafers; which had been patterned in 90 nm V-grooved trenches separated by silicon dioxide (SiO₂) stripes and oriented along the [110] direction. Undercut at the Si/SiO₂ interface was used to reduce the propagation of defects into the III-V layers. Following wafer dicing; 2.6 μm of indium phosphide (InP) was grown on such GaAs-on-Si templates. InGaAsP SC-SLs and thermal annealing were used to achieve a high-quality and smooth InP pseudo-substrate with a reduced defect density. Both the GaAs-on-Si and the subsequently grown InP layers were characterized using a variety of techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD); atomic force microscopy (AFM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI); which indicate high-quality of the epitaxial films. The threading dislocation density and RMS surface roughness of the final InP layer were 5 × 10⁸/cm² and 1.2 nm; respectively and 7.8 × 10⁷/cm² and 10.8 nm for the GaAs-on-Si layer.
On the interdependence of routing and data compression in multi-hop sensor networks (2002)

We consider a problem of broadcast communication in a multi-hop sensor network, in which samples of a random field are collected at each node of the network, and the goal is for all nodes to obtain an estimate of the entire field within a prescribed distortion value. The main idea we explore in this paper is that of jointly compressing the data generated by different nodes as this information travels over multiple hops, to eliminate correlations in the representation of the sampled field. Our main contributions are: (a) we obtain, using simple network flow concepts, conditions on the rate/distortion function of the random field, so as to guarantee that any node can obtain the measurements collected at every other node in the network, quantized to within any prescribed distortion value; and (b), we construct a large class of physically-motivated stochastic models for sensor data, for which we are able to prove that the joint rate/distortion function of all the data generated by the whole network grows slower than the bounds found in (a). A truly novel aspect of our work is the tight coupling between routing and source coding, explicitly formulated in a simple and analytically tractable model---to the best of our knowledge, this connection had not been studied before.
Logical operator tradeoff for local quantum codes (2010)

We study the structure of logical operators in local D-dimensional quantum codes, considering both subsystem codes with geometrically local gauge generators and codes defined by geometrically local commuting projectors. We show that if the code distance is d, then any logical operator can be supported on a set of specified geometry containing \tilde d qubits, where \tilde d d^{1/(D-1)} = O(n) and n is the code length. Our results place limitations on partially self-correcting quantum memories, in which at least some logical operators are protected by energy barriers that grow with system size. We also show that for any two-dimensional local commuting projector code there is a nontrivial logical "string" operator supported on a narrow strip, where the operator is only slightly entangling across any cut through the strip.
Analysis of the sensitization profile towards allergens in central Africa (2003)

The striking differences regarding sensitization to grass pollen and mite allergens between African and European patients revealed by recombinant allergen-based testing emphasize the need for component-resolved allergy testing to optimize allergy prevention and therapy in different populations.
Process performance for Axcelis MC3 300 mm implanter (2003)

The process performance of the Axcelis Technologies MC3, medium current implanter for 300 mm wafers, is reviewed. The MC3 is based on an evolutionary design approach. It uses proven beam transport, electrostatic scanning, beam parallelism, and energy purity schemes based on the successful 8250/sub HT/ design. Metals contamination, beam parallelism, energy purity, particles, and dose uniformity and repeatability are reviewed. The results show that metals contamination, parallelism, and particle contamination are better than those for the 8250/sub HT/. Energy purity, dose repeatability and uniformity are similar to the ones achieved with 8250/sub HT/.
A study of pneumatic muscle technology for possible assistance in mobility (2002)

Pneumatic muscles, in an actuation paradigm, provide a new form of technology which can be used to facilitate and provide strength or mobility assistance. This paper concentrates on how such a system as a balloon which expands within an enclosed sheath surface highly compliant in one direction (radial) and highly noncompliant in the orthogonal direction (axial) can be utilized to provide rehabilitation assistance. The actuator described herein has the unique advantages of having the largest ratio of power/weight and power/volume as compared to hydraulic or electric motor analogs which would perform this function. Studies on the nonlinearities of the composite system under consideration are conducted. As a totally integrated assemblage, the approach here is to treat the actuator like any rigid material substance and to determine both the equivalent Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.
Host−Guest Interactions in Pure-Silica and Aluminosilicate Sodalites Containing Ethylene Glycol as a Guest Molecule (1997)

Four sodalite materials with Si/Al ratios of ∞, 23.0, 11.0, and 5.7 are synthesized from essentially nonaqueous media in which ethylene glycol is acting both as a solvent and as a structure-directing agent. Elemental and thermal analyses, X-ray powder diffraction, multinuclear MAS NMR, and vibrational spectroscopies are employed to extensively investigate the host−guest interactions in as-synthesized materials. It is found that the hydrogen-bonding feature of the ethylene glycol molecules encapsulated within the β-cages of sodalites is strongly affected by the Al content in the framework. The overall results of this study lead us to conclude that the molecular conformation of ethylene glycol in the pure-silica β-cage may be tGg‘ stabilized only by one intramolecular hydrogen bond, while that of the guest molecule in the β-cage with a Si/Al ratio of 5 is gGg‘ stabilized by one strong hydrogen bond to the framework in addition to one intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Supply-Chain Optimisation (2001)

This paper starts by describing a study that was undertaken to assess the state of the art in supply chain optimisation tools and software available. Our goals were to evaluate industry trends as well as academic trends in this dynamic and quickly growing field. Our conclusions for industry trends are that industry leaders would rather purchase technology than go through the development process. Also, flexibility is on the rise in industry, leading to easier integration. Academic research, on the other hand, is likely to address limitations of the basic and optimisation-based ERP systems, the integration of the different phases of a product life cycle, and focus in the area of interconnected industrial supply chain networks. After familiarising the reader with the tools and players in the supply-chain optimisation area, we focus on a potential growth area in this field that simultaneously addresses inventory and transportation logistic issues. We motivate the need to study this area with the help of a simple example and then briefly list a set of issues that would need to be addressed to effectively research this sub-field.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of 301 large colorectal neoplasias: outcome and learning curve from a specialized center in Europe (2018)

Correction to: Endoscopic submucosal dissection of 301 large colorectal neoplasias: outcome and learning curve from a specialized center in EuropeEndosc Int Open 2018; 06(11): E1340-E1348DOI: 10.1055/a-0733-3668
Investigating the keyhole behavior by using x-ray and optical depth measurement techniques (2014)

In deep-penetration laser welding processes, the shape of the keyhole determines both the incoupling efficiency of the laser radiation and the dynamics of the melt flow. The instability in its shape is responsible for the generation of defects including pores and melt ejections and is therefore closely correlated to the weld quality. The shape of the keyhole and its dynamic behavior is strongly influenced by welding parameters and material properties. In order to detect the shape of the keyhole and its stability during the welding process, online diagnostics are of great interest. A low coherence interferometry method known as Inline Coherent Imaging (ICI) was shown to be a suitable means to measure the optical path length in the keyhole with a temporal resolution better than 1 ms [1]. Such systems take benefit of the fact, that the keyhole is filled with vapor and therefore transparent for a wide range of wavelengths. Especially the welding depth of stable processes can be measured with good accuracy. In unstable processes such as welding of aluminum-magnesium alloys, we observe strong fluctuations in the indicated depth. To investigate the correlation of measured fluctuations with keyhole instabilities, the laser-welding process was observed with a high speed X-ray transmission imaging system during the optical depth measurement. It was seen that an unstable keyhole generates significantly more pores then a stable keyhole. With the X-ray system, the keyhole depth and width were analyzed with a frame-rate of 1 kHz. The ICI system was used at a sampling rate of more than 10 kHz. The depth measurement results of both systems were correlated to the generation of pores, which are clearly visible in the X-ray records. Different signal analyzing methods for the ICI signal will be presented and discussed. We show that ICI allows detection of keyhole instabilities and with it pore formation and melt pool ejections.
Optofluidic Circular Grating Distributed Feedback Dye Laser (2009)

We demonstrate a surface emitting optofluidic dye laser using a second order circular grating distributed feedback resonator. The optofluidic dye laser offers a low-cost and integrated coherent light source for lab-on-a-chip spectroscopy systems.
3D Full-Maxwell Simulations of Very Fast Transients in GIS (2011)

This study presents a detailed analysis of very fast electromagnetic transients (VFTs) initiated by disconnector switching operations in gas insulated switchgears (GIS). The results of the full-Maxwell electromagnetic simulations performed on real-life GIS geometries along with the modeling details are presented. The verification of the simulation results was performed by comparison against both measurements and circuit-equations-based transient simulations with the aim to quantify the achieved simulations' accuracy. The obtained results show a highly accurate shape and acceptably accurate amplitude prediction of dominant VFT waves in GIS, allowing for better understanding of the VFT phenomenon and a significant reduction of the product development time and prototyping costs.
Apoptosis Induction of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells by Ethyl Alcohol Extract of Hizikia fusiforme (2009)

Hizikia fusiforme is a kind of brown edible seaweed that mainly grows in the temperate seaside areas of the northwest pacific, including Korea, Japan and China, and has been widely used as a health food for hundreds of years. Recently, H. fusiforme has been known to exert pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticoagulant activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of H. fusiforme in malignant cells have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of ethyl alcohol extract of H. fusiforme (EAHF) on the anti-proliferative effects of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were investigated. EAHF treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition by including apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells, which could be proved by MTT assay, DAPI staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analysis. In MDA-MB-231 cells, the increase in apoptosis induced by EAHF treatment correlated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. EAHF treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and a concomitant inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, -catenin, phospholipase- protein and DNA fragmentation factor 45/inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of H. fusiforme.
Beamformer Design Methods for Radio Astronomical Phased Array Feeds (2011)

A major emphasis in current radio astronomy instrumentation research is the use of phased array feeds (PAF) to provide radio telescopes with larger fields of view. One of the challenges of PAF systems is the design of beamformers that provide sufficient sensitivity and known, stable beam pattern structure. High sensitivity has been achieved with the maximum sensitivity beamformer without regard to beam pattern shape. Deterministic beamformers provide the desired pattern shape control, but suffer from a significant reduction in sensitivity. We present a hybrid beamforming method, which balances the tradeoff between high sensitivity and precise beam pattern shape control. A comparison of each of these beamforming methods, using measured data, confirms the advantage of the hybrid approach. The pattern distortions introduced by modeled beamformers can be mitigated with a transformation step, but ultimately it is shown that PAF beamformer design is best done using measured calibrators. A PAF calibration vector quality metric based on minimum description length is also introduced.
(Invited) Heterogeneous Integration Packaging Challenges for Artificial Intelligence (2020)

As semiconductor and system scaling has saturated, heterogeneous integration of disparate components in a singular electronic package has become increasingly important. A variety of new packaging techniques are being developed for heterogeneous integration. These techniques include multiple-chip packages incorporating high-density laminated substrates, inter-chip bridges, silicon interposers, and three-dimensional chip stacking. This talk will compare and contrast these varied techniques and identify the associated challenges. These challenges include fine-pitch interconnects, new materials, complex assembly, thermal management, and test and reworkability, among others. Implications to tool development, test protocols, and simulation techniques will also be discussed.