gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency-Modulation (FM) Technology as a Method for Improving Speech Perception in Noise for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (2006)

Almost half of the population with multiple sclerosis (MS) complains of difficulty hearing, despite having essentially normal pure-tone thresholds. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of frequency-modulation (FM) technology utilization on speech perception in noise for adults with and without MS. Sentence material was presented at a constant level of 65 dBA Leq from a loudspeaker located at 0 degrees azimuth. The microphone of the FM transmitter was placed 7.5 cm from this loudspeaker. Multitalker babble was presented from four loudspeakers positioned at 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees, and 315 degrees azimuths. The starting presentation level for the babble was 55 dBA Leq, The level of the noise was increased systematically in 1 dB steps until the subject obtained 0% key words correct on the IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers) sentences. Test results revealed significant differences between the unaided and aided conditions at several signal-to-noise ratios.
C1q-Mediated Repression of Human Monocytes Is Regulated by Leukocyte-Associated Ig-Like Receptor 1 (LAIR-1) (2014)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal function of both the innate and the adaptive immune system, leading to a loss of tolerance to self-antigens. Monocytes are a key component of the innate immune system and are efficient producers of multiple cytokines. In SLE, inappropriate activation of monocytes is thought to contribute to the loss of self-tolerance. In this study, we demonstrate that type 1 interferon (IFN) production by CpG-challenged monocytes can be suppressed by C1q through activating leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), which contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs). The phosphorylation of LAIR-1 and the interaction of LAIR-1 with SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) were enhanced after LAIR-1 engagement by C1q. Moreover, engagement of LAIR-1 by C1q inhibited nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF5 in CpG-stimulated monocytes. These data suggest a model in which LAIR-1 engagement by C1q helps maintain monocyte tolerance, specifically with respect to Toll-like receptor-9-mediated monocyte activation.
InGaN Laser Diode Mini-Arrays (2011)

We demonstrate the operation of high-power InGaN laser diode "mini-arrays" consisting of three or five stripes in a common p-contact configuration and compare the results with a single stripe emitter. We observed the following sequence of maximum output powers: 1.1 W for a single emitter, 2.5 W for a three emitter array, and 0.55 W for a five emitter array. The devices emitted light at 408–412 nm wavelength range. The most promising high-power laser diode design turned out to be a three stripe solution. The five stripe "mini-array" suffers from overheating, which causes the device to thermally roll-over at relatively low optical power. In addition to the high power operation, the three stripe device has good spectral characteristics accompanied by very reasonable differential efficiency making it a good candidate for ultra-high optical power systems like laser projectors.
The effect of vascular peptide bioregulator on microcirculation in the brain cortex of old rats (2016)

Using a TV device to study brain microcirculation, we found that after a course of vascular peptide bioregulator the density of microvascular network of pia matter of old rats (22-24 months) sensomotor cortex increased about 2,5-2,8 times compared to control old rates; and noradrenaline-induced constriction reactions and acetylcholine-induced dilative reactions of the pial arterioles increased significantly. This perfusion in the tissue of the cerebral cortex is not increased, but the degree of blood oxygen saturation in the microvasculature of this tissue region raised.
Oral Valganciclovir as a Preemptive Treatment for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in CMV-Seropositive Liver Transplant Recipients (2015)

Oral valganciclovir is feasible as a preemptive treatment for CMV infection in liver transplant recipients with stable graft function.
Monolithic optoelectronic switch integrating a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor and a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (2002)

Monolithic arrays of optical switches based on the integration of GaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with heterojunction phototransistors form a flexible two-dimensional switching fabric that is useful for a variety of applications in parallel optical processing. VCSEL-based optical switches with high optical gain and contrast can perform digital logic as well as amplification and memory functions, while binary switch nodes can spatially re-route the optical signal paths at high speed in a multi-stage optical switching network. These switches can also be integrated with heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) to form a high speed (GB/s) electrical-to-optical (O-to-E or E-to-O) interface to VLSI electronics, thus providing simple communication between the optical switching network and the electronic control and processing functions. We describe below the first monolithic demonstration of an optoelectronic switch integrating an HBT with a VCSEL, achieving low modulation current, high current gain, and efficient electrical-to-optica1 conversion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
S0119 CD163 A gatekeeper for susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (2016)

It is estimated that in North America and Europe, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) results in combined losses of $6 million per day. The virus replicates in macrophages, induces prolonged viremia, and animals become persistently infected. Infection by PRRSV predisposes animals to other bacterial and viral pathogens. Young and growing pigs exhibit pneumonia, diarrhea, and mortality of 12 to 15%. Sows and gilts have reproductive failure, late abortion, early farrowing, increased number of mummies, and decreased litter size. Boars have low libido, fever, and low sperm count. Vaccines have not effectively controlled the virus. As with many pathogens, numerous candidates have been proposed to be the receptor for viral entry into the host cell. The most popular receptor candidates for PRRSV have included heparin sulfate, SIGLEC1, VIM, CD151, CD209, and CD163. To determine if these candidate receptors were indeed involved, we first created SIGLEC1−/− animals by homologous recombination and somatic cell nuclear transfer, and challenged them with a Type II (North American) PRRSV. The SIGLEC1−/− animals were not resistant to infection. Next, we created CD163−/− pigs by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and challenged these pigs with a different Type II PRRSV strain. In contrast to SIGLEC1−/− animals, the CD163−/− pigs were resistant to the challenge. When the CD163−/− animals were created, other edits in additional animals were introduced that were predicted to modify the structure of CD163. We are working toward in vitro and in vivo challenge experiments with these additional genotypes, with both Type I (European) and Type II strains of PRRSV. This line of research has identified a gatekeeper for PRRSV infection (CD163) and possibly provided an on-farm solution to an otherwise incurable and economically devastating disease.
660 Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with molecular responses following treatment with an individualized neoantigen vaccine regimen (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Individualized neoantigen cancer vaccines aim to benefit patients by generating strong, durable neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells. Previous data showed extended overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who achieved a molecular response (MR) versus those who did not after individualized neoantigen vaccination in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab.<sup>1</sup> We report updated OS and analysis of clinicopathologic features of patients achieving a MR. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with metastatic CRC, non-small cell lung cancer, or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma who had received routine chemotherapy were treated in a Phase 1/2 first-in-human study (NCT03639714). The vaccine regimen consisted of sequential administrations of chimpanzee adenovirus and self-amplifying mRNA (samRNA) vectors encoding 20 patient-specific neoantigens in combination with nivolumab (IV 480 mg Q4W) and ipilimumab (SC 30 mg). <h3>Results</h3> Thirteen of 29 patients treated had CRC. Six of these 13 had stable disease (SD) and 7 had progressive disease (PD) per RECIST v1.1. Six patients achieved a MR defined as ≥ -30% reduction in ctDNA. Patients with a MR had prolonged overall survival (OS) compared to patients without a MR (see Table 1). MR was not associated with primary tumor location, presence of liver metastases, or <i>RAS</i> mutations and patients with a MR were not enriched for higher tumor mutation burden (TMB), PD-L1, or T cell inflamed gene expression profiles (GEP), and had similar baseline ctDNA values based on variant allele frequency (VAF) (p-value=0.18) (table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients who achieved MR had extended OS compared with those patients without MR. Patients with a MR were not enriched based on primary or metastatic tumor site or known correlates of response to checkpoint inhibitors. The lower baseline VAF observed in patients with a MR may be reflective of VAF in early metastatic disease. A subsequent, ongoing randomized study is evaluating individualized neoantigen vaccine in the 1L maintenance setting (NCT05141721). <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We thank patients and their families for participating in this clinical study and Bristol-Myers Squibb for supply of nivolumab and ipilimumab. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> NCT03639714 <h3>Reference</h3> Catenacci <i>et al</i>. Clinical outcomes and immune responses in a phase I/II study of personalized, neoantigen-directed immunotherapy in patients with advanced MSS-CRC, GEA and NSCLC. European Society of Medical Oncology Annual Meeting 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1345 <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> This study was reviewed and approved by institutional review boards at participating clinical sites and all patients gave informed consent before taking part in this clinical study.
50 GHz quantum photonic storage in a cavity-protected rare-earth ensemble (2016)

We demonstrate ultrafast transfer of a broadband photonic qubit to a dense rare-earth ensemble cavity protected against decoherence due to inhomogeneous broadening. Storage in highly coherent superradiant collective states enables long-lived memories and optical-to-microwave conversion.
Platelet‐dependent accumulation of leukocytes in sinusoids mediates hepatocellular damage in bile duct ligation‐induced cholestasis (2007)

Platelets play an important role in BDL-induced liver injury by promoting leukocyte recruitment and deteriorating microvascular perfusion. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that cholestasis-induced accumulation of platelets is mediated by P-selectin. Thus, targeting platelet accumulation may be a useful strategy against liver damage associated with obstructive jaundice.
FGF‐2 enhances TGF‐β1‐induced periosteal chondrogenesis (2004)

The use of periosteum as a cell source for the in vitro engineering of grafts for articular cartilage repair requires the development of methods to obtain high viable cell numbers in the early stages of culture. In this study, we demonstrate that the addition of a mitogen, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), during the early stage of the in vitro culture of periosteum in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), significantly enhances cell proliferation, which results in increased neo-cartilage formation at later stages. Periosteal explants were cultured in vitro within alginate or agarose based gels in the presence of either FGF-2 for the first week, TGF-beta1 for the first 2 weeks, FGF-2 and TGF-beta1 for the first week and first 2 weeks respectively, or no added factors. Consistent with previous studies, periosteum derived neo-chondrogenesis occurred only in the presence of TGF-beta1. The neo-cartilage was found to contain cartilage specific proteoglycans and Type-II collagen as determined by safranin-O and immunohistochemical staining respectively. Further medium supplementation with FGF-2 stimulated early cell proliferation (>3 fold higher total DNA content per explant at day 10). This resulted in a marked increase in the size of the cultured explants and in the total area of the explant staining positive for safranin-O (from around 50% to 85%, (p<0.05)) after 6 weeks culture. The ability to generate significant quantities of neo-cartilage within a biocompatible and biodegradable matrix such as alginate, which lacks the immunogenicity of agarose, could open new pathways to utilizing such constructs in articular cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Exploiting Workload Cycles for Orchestration of Virtual Machine Live Migrations in Clouds (2016)

Virtual machine live migration in cloud environments aims at reducing energy costs and increasing resource utilization. However, its potential has not been fully explored because of simultaneous migrations that may cause user application performance degradation and network congestion. Research efforts on live migration orchestration policies still mostly rely on system level metrics. This work introduces an Application-aware Live Migration Architecture (ALMA) that selects suitable moments for migrations using application characterization data. This characterization consists in recognizing resource usage cycles via Fast Fourier Transform. From our experiments, live migration times were reduced by up to 74% for benchmarks and by up to 67% for real applications, when compared to migration policies with no application workload analysis. Network data transfer during the live migration was reduced by up to 62%.
Sucrose-Assisted Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-Substituted NiFe2O4Nanocrystals (2016)

Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> ZnxFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> nanoparticles (x = 0.0 -1.0) were successfully prepared via sucrose-assisted autocombustion method. Thermal analysis measurements indicated that the ferrite nanoparticles could be synthesized in this self-propagating combustion process. The microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The crystallite sizes obtained using Scherrer's equation are in the range 25-35 nm. An appropriate cation distribution was suggested based on the structural and magnetic measurements. The increase in the saturation magnetization with increasing Zn-content up to x = 0.4 and its subsequent decrease was discussed in the view of entire cation distribution. The decrease in the coercivity with increasing Zn content was attributed to the change in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
Resistance of actin to cleavage during apoptosis (1997)

A small number of cellular proteins present in the nucleus, cytosol, and membrane fraction are specifically cleaved by the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like family of proteases during apoptosis. Previous results have demonstrated that one of these, the cytoskeletal protein actin, is degraded in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells upon serum withdrawal. Extracts from etoposide-treated U937 cells are also capable of cleaving actin. It was assumed that cleavage of actin represented a general phenomenon, and a mechanism coordinating proteolytic, endonucleolytic, and morphological aspects of apoptosis was proposed. We demonstrate here that actin is resistant to degradation in several different human cells induced to undergo apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli, including Fas ligation, serum withdrawal, cytotoxic T-cell killing, and DNA damage. On the other hand, cell-free extracts from these cells and the ICE-like protease CPP32 were capable of cleaving actin in vitro. We conclude that while actin contains cleavage sites for ICE-like proteases, it is not degraded in vivo in human cells either because of lack of access of these proteases to actin or due to the presence of other factors that prevent degradation.
Selection of rat hepatoma cells defective in hormone-regulated production of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA. (1981)

We have been studying the mechanism of glucocorticoid hormone action by using mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-infected rat hepatoma cells as a model system. J2.17, a clonal cell line that contains one MMTV provirus, induces tyrosine aminotransferase (TyrATase; L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.5), viral RNA, and the cell surface viral glycoprotein gp52 in response to dexamethasone. Using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and a rabbit antiserum directed against gp52, we selected a cell population that displays a reduced hormone-mediated increase in cell surface gp52. Fourteen clones of this population were assayed for induction of viral gp52 and RNA and of cellular TyrATase. The results of these assays revealed that the clones display a variety of responses to hormone. One clone has retained wild-type responses of both TyrATase and gp52. Six clones exhibit coordinately reduced or abolished responses of both markers. Seven clones show normal induction of TyrATase but reduced or undetectable induction of gp52. These latter clones exhibit reduced production of MMTV RNA and thus may represent a unique class of variants defective in the regulation of MMTV gene expression.
Topoisomerase I inhibition and peripheral nerve injury induce DNA breaks and ATF3-associated axon regeneration in sensory neurons (2021)

Although axonal damage induces rapid changes in gene expression in primary sensory neurons, it remains unclear how this process is initiated. The transcription factor ATF3, one of the earliest genes responding to nerve injury, regulates expression of downstream genes that enable axon regeneration. By exploiting ATF3 reporter systems, we identify topoisomerase inhibitors as ATF3 inducers, including camptothecin. Camptothecin increases ATF3 expression and promotes neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons in vitro and enhances axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve crush in vivo. Given the action of topoisomerases in producing DNA breaks, we determine that they do occur immediately after nerve damage at the ATF3 gene locus in injured sensory neurons and are further increased after camptothecin exposure. Formation of DNA breaks in injured sensory neurons and enhancement of it pharmacologically may contribute to the initiation of those transcriptional changes required for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Point Cloud Hand–Object Segmentation Using Multimodal Imaging with Thermal and Color Data for Safe Robotic Object Handover (2021)

This paper presents an application of neural networks operating on multimodal 3D data (3D point cloud, RGB, thermal) to effectively and precisely segment human hands and objects held in hand to realize a safe human-robot object handover. We discuss the problems encountered in building a multimodal sensor system, while the focus is on the calibration and alignment of a set of cameras including RGB, thermal, and NIR cameras. We propose the use of a copper-plastic chessboard calibration target with an internal active light source (near-infrared and visible light). By brief heating, the calibration target could be simultaneously and legibly captured by all cameras. Based on the multimodal dataset captured by our sensor system, PointNet, PointNet++, and RandLA-Net are utilized to verify the effectiveness of applying multimodal point cloud data for hand-object segmentation. These networks were trained on various data modes (XYZ, XYZ-T, XYZ-RGB, and XYZ-RGB-T). The experimental results show a significant improvement in the segmentation performance of XYZ-RGB-T (mean Intersection over Union: 82.8% by RandLA-Net) compared with the other three modes (77.3% by XYZ-RGB, 35.7% by XYZ-T, 35.7% by XYZ), in which it is worth mentioning that the Intersection over Union for the single class of hand achieves 92.6%.
A Route to Nonfunctionalized and Functionalized Poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles:  Preparation in Miniemulsion (2007)

The miniemulsion process has been applied for the preparation of poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles. In the first step a miniemulsion is prepared from n-butylcyanoacrylate in hydrochloric acid solution using sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant. In the second step, a base solution is added to initiate polymerization, and the polymeric particles are formed. Using amines or amino acids as initiators allowed the convenient functionalization of the polymer particles' surface. The influence of surfactant concentration and sonication time on particle size and size distribution has been studied as well as the influence of pH, concentration, and amount of initiator on the particle size and the distribution of the molar mass of the polymer. The detected pH dependence of the particles' ζ potential shows the presence of carboxyl groups on the particles' surface after the initiation with amino acids. GPC and NMR measurements indicate a covalent bonding of the amino acid to the polymer.
Operational and structural A‐stage improvements for high‐rate carbon removal (2020)

Biosorption of organics is investigated at two sites in order to optimize operation and infrastructure for carbon removal and redirection in upstream, high-rate processes. Sufficient process temperature and stable mixed liquor solids concentration were established as the key impact parameters for the process performance. Improved COD removal was achieved by either substantially enhanced aeration (elevated metabolic state) or by enhanced flocculation capability (dosed chemicals). Separation and thickening of organics are typically operated as continuous-flow processes. The optimization of performance parameters led to a new A-stage process named alternating activated adsorption. The AAA process is presented as a novel configuration linking biosorption and thickening capabilities in an alternating scheme without mechanical equipment. The performance data from its first trial indicate benefits from process dynamics including high organics capture rates and thickening capabilities reaching solid concentrations higher than 40 g(TSS)/L. COD removal could be increased further by adding biologically generated polymer, that is waste sludge from B-stage. © 2020 Water Environment Federation PRACTITIONERS POINTS: Enhanced preliminary treatment helps to increase capacity and energy efficiency. Low RAS rates, SRT control, aeration, high temperatures, and metal dosing are key performance parameters for removal rates and energy efficiency. The Triple-A process offers new possibilities for A-stage in terms of performance increase and flexibility showing similar or better results compared with conventional A-stage. Adding B-sludge improved COD and nutrient removal rates. High preliminary removal rates of COD and N foster sidestream processes.