gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Interpretable Deep Blind Image Deblurring Via Algorithm Unrolling (2020)

Blind image deblurring remains a topic of enduring interest. Learning based approaches, especially those that employ neural networks have emerged to complement traditional model based methods and in many cases achieve vastly enhanced performance. That said, neural network approaches are generally empirically designed and the underlying structures are difficult to interpret. In recent years, a promising technique called algorithm unrolling has been developed that has helped connect iterative algorithms such as those for sparse coding to neural network architectures. In this article, we propose a neural network architecture based on this idea. We first present an iterative algorithm that may be considered as a generalization of the traditional total-variation regularization method in the gradient domain. We then unroll the algorithm to construct a neural network for image deblurring which we refer to as Deep Unrolling for Blind Deblurring (DUBLID). Key algorithm parameters are learned with the help of training images. Our proposed deep network DUBLID achieves significant practical performance gains while enjoying interpretability and efficiency at the same time. Extensive experimental results show that DUBLID outperforms many state-of-the-art methods and in addition is computationally faster.
A Fast Finite Element Model Taking Into Account 3-D Effects for the Optimal Design of Micro-Hybrid Starters (2014)

This paper presents a fast design method taking into account 3-D effects in a reinforced brushed dc motor used as starter in automotive application. Because of their low cost and simplicity, reinforced starters are used in micro-hybrid vehicles. The specific geometry of such devices induces an axial component of the flux which cannot be accounted for by 2-D models. 3-D finite element (FE) models are suitable for this purpose but their excessive need of CPU time complicates their use in an automatic optimization procedure. We propose to identify the overhang effects by using an adapted and corrected 2.5-D FE model which is validated by 3-D computations and experiments. Finally, the 2.5-D model is implemented in a multiobjective optimization procedure.
Systemic Distribution and Tumor Localization of Adoptively Transferred Lymphocytes in Mice: Comparison with Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model (2002)

The mechanisms by which tumors are able to evade cellular immune responses are still largely unknown. It is likely, however, that the initial recruitment of lymphocytes to tumor vessels is limited by cell retention in normal tissue, which results in a low flux of these cells into the tumor vasculature. We grew MCaIV (mouse mammary carcinoma) tumors in the leg of SCID mice and injected 111In-oxine-labeled, primed T lymphocytes directed against the tumor intravenously. The systemic distribution of cells in normal organs was similar between mice injected with primed and control lymphocyte populations, except for a delayed clearance of primed lymphocytes from the lungs. Kinetics of lymphocyte localization to the tumor were identical between the primed and control lymphocyte populations. Splenectomy before the injection of primed lymphocytes increased delivery of cells to the lungs and liver after 1 hour with no significant improvement in tumor localization. Within 24 to 168 hours after injection, localization of cells in the liver of splenectomized mice was higher than in the control group. However, no significant difference in tumor localization was observed between groups. A physiologically based compartmental model of lymphocyte distribution predicted the compartmental sequestration and identified model parameters critical for experimental planning and therapeutic optimization.
Flowing electrolyte fuel cell with improved performance and stability (2023)

A flowing electrolyte fuel cell system design (DHCFC-Flow) is provided. The use of a flowing oxygen-saturated electrolyte in a fuel cell offers a significant enhancement in the cell performance characteristics. The mass transfer and reaction kinetics of the superoxide/peroxide/oxide ion (mobile oxygen ion species) in the fuel cell are enhanced by recirculating an oxidizing gas-saturated electrolyte. Recirculating oxygen-saturated electrolyte through a liquid channel enhances the maximal current observed in a fuel cell. The use of a oxygen saturated electrolyte ensures that the reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction are fast and the use of convection ameliorates concentration gradients and the diffusion-limited maximum current density. The superoxide ion is generated in situ by the reduction of the oxygen dissolved in the gaseous electrolyte. Also, a dual porosity membrane allows the uniform flow of fuel (e.g., methane) on the fuel side, without allowing phase mixing. The capillary pressure for liquid intrusion into the gas phase and vice versa is quite large, estimated to be 1-10 psi. This makes it easier to control the fluctuations in gas/liquid velocity which might otherwise lead to phase mixing and the loss of fuel cell performance. In one variation, a dual-porosity membrane structure is incorporated in the system to allow uniform flow of fuel and prevent mixing of fuel with a liquid electrolyte.
New cytokinin metabolites in IPT transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants (2003)

Two novel cytokinin metabolites were identified in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants containing the bacterial IPT gene under the transcriptional control of a heat-regulated promoter. After cyclic heat-shock treatment, the endogenous cytokinin concentrations were elevated up to 100-fold compared to the wild-type plants. More then 20 different cytokinin metabolites were found, with zeatin-type cytokinins being the most abundant. The metabolic inactivation of these compounds occurred predominantly through N-glucosylation. No significant accumulation of isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins, and only a small increase in dihydrozeatin metabolites, was observed. Subsequent studies of the abundant, unidentified conjugates revealed the presence of zeatin and dihydrozeatin diglucoside conjugates. Structural analysis, utilizing electrospray-liquid tandem mass spectrometry, identified these as a zeatin-O-glucoside-9-glucoside and dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside-9-glucoside, respectively. A third unknown metabolite, was tentatively identified as a phosphorylated form of zeatin-9-glucoside. The biological activity of these compounds in three cytokinin bioassays was low. A comparison of the cytokinin pattern in transgenic and wild-type plants indicates that these specific metabolites accumulate as a consequence of enhanced cytokinin biosynthesis, and are probably involved in the homeostatic mechanisms that control endogenous cytokinin levels.
Evaluation of a preclinical photon-counting CT prototype for pulmonary imaging (2018)

The purpose of this study was to investigate a preclinical spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) prototype compared to conventional CT for pulmonary imaging. A custom-made lung phantom, including nodules of different sizes and shapes, was scanned with a preclinical SPCCT and a conventional CT in standard and high-resolution (HR-CT) mode. Volume estimation was evaluated by linear regression. Shape similarity was evaluated with the Dice similarity coefficient. Spatial resolution was investigated via MTF for each imaging system. In-vivo rabbit lung images from the SPCCT system were subjectively reviewed. Evaluating the volume estimation, linear regression showed best results for the SPCCT compared to CT and HR-CT with a root mean squared error of 21.3 mm<sup>3</sup>, 28.5 mm<sup>3</sup> and 26.4 mm<sup>3</sup> for SPCCT, CT and HR-CT, respectively. The Dice similarity coefficient was superior for SPCCT throughout nodule shapes and all nodule sizes (mean, SPCCT: 0.90; CT: 0.85; HR-CT: 0.85). 10% MTF improved from 10.1 LP/cm for HR-CT to 21.7 LP/cm for SPCCT. Visual investigation of small pulmonary structures was superior for SPCCT in the animal study. In conclusion, the SPCCT prototype has the potential to improve the assessment of lung structures due to higher resolution compared to conventional CT.
Effects of Diffusion of Hydrogen and Oxygen on Electrical Properties of Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor, In-Ga-Zn-O (2012)

We found that device-quality thin films of amorphous oxide semiconductor, a-In-Ga-Zn-O, unintentionally include high-density hydrogens over 1020 cm−3 but the electron concentration remains low at ∼1015 cm−3 in as-deposited states. The hydrogens exist in the form of hydroxyl group –OH, but most of them are inactive as an electron donor, which is explained by charge compensation due to incorporation of excess oxygens. Although their diffusions are fast compared with those in crystalline ZnO, but oxygen can diffuse only 20 nm even at 400°C. Hydrogen diffusion is much faster, and easily hydrogenizes a thin channel of a thin-film transistor.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS IN TRANSITION‐METAL DIMERS. 14. BINUCLEAR COPPER(II) SCHIFF BASE COMPOUNDS OF SALICYLALDEHYDE WITH AROMATIC POLYAMINES (1978)

Abstract Die temperaturabhängigen magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten und die EPR‐Spektren der aus entsprechenden Schiffschen Basen, Kondensationsprodukte von Salicylaldehyd und m‐ oder p‐Phenylendiamin oder 2,2′,6,6′‐Tetraaminobiphenyl, und Metall(II)‐ Ionen dargestellten Zweikernkomplexen (I)‐(III) werden ermittelt und im Hinblick auf antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkungen diskutiert.
β-Hairpin of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Bound to an Aggregation Inhibitor (2016)

In type 2 diabetes, the formation of islet amyloid consisting of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is associated with reduction in β-cell mass and contributes to the failure of islet cell transplantation. Rational design of inhibitors of IAPP amyloid formation has therapeutic potential, but is hampered by the lack of structural information on inhibitor complexes of the conformationally flexible, aggregation-prone IAPP. Here we characterize a β-hairpin conformation of IAPP in complex with the engineered binding protein β-wrapin HI18. The β-strands correspond to two amyloidogenic motifs, 12-LANFLVH-18 and 22-NFGAILS-28, which are connected by a turn established around Ser-20. Besides backbone hydrogen bonding, the IAPP:HI18 interaction surface is dominated by non-polar contacts involving hydrophobic side chains of the IAPP β-strands. Apart from monomers, HI18 binds oligomers and fibrils and inhibits IAPP aggregation and toxicity at low substoichiometric concentrations. The IAPP β-hairpin can serve as a molecular recognition motif enabling control of IAPP aggregation.
Sensorless Digital Peak Current Controller for Low-Power DC-DC SMPS Based on a Bi-Directional Delay Line (2007)

Peak current mode control is challenging to implement in integrated dc-dc converters for sub 1 W applications due to the need for an integrated high-bandwidth, low-noise current sensor. The analog sensor must typically consumes less than a few hundred micro-amps while amplifying the current through the high-side switch, which has frequency components extending into the ten's of MHz. Sensorless current mode control (SCM) eliminates the need for an explicit current sensor by reconstructing the inductor current from the system input/output voltages and the PWM signal pulse-width. In this work, a bidirectional delay line based digital SCM scheme is proposed. The inductor current is mapped onto the bi-directional delay line whose propagation delay tracks the inductor current slopes. An integrated digital current observer designed in a 0.18 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS process is compared to a benchmark analog current sensor operating at 2 MHz and fabricated in the same process. The digital current observer consumes 168 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> A, or 20% less then the benchmark at I <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><sub>out</sub></i> = 100 mA, while avoiding signal-to-noise degradation at light loads. A prototype of the digital current sensor operating at 1 MHz is demonstrated on a CPLD platform.
The effect of femoral attachment location on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: graft tension patterns and restoration of normal anterior–posterior laxity patterns (2004)

The issue of the best place to attach an anterior cruciate ligament graft to the femur is controversial, and different anatomic or isometric points have been recommended. It was hypothesised that one attachment site could be identified that would be best for restoring normal anterior-posterior laxity throughout the range of knee flexion. It was also hypothesised that these different attachment sites would cause different graft tension patterns during knee flexion. Using six cadaver knees, an isometric point was found 3 mm distal to the posterior edge of Blumensaat's line, at the 10:30-11:00 o'clock position in right knees, at the antero-proximal edge of the anatomic ACL attachment. Anterior-posterior laxity was measured at +/-150 N draw force at 20-120 degrees flexion with the knee intact and after anterior cruciate ligament transection. The graft was placed at the isometric point, and AP laxity was restored to normal at 20 degrees flexion, then measured at other angles. Graft tension was measured throughout, and also during passive flexion-extension. This was repeated for four other graft positions around the isometric point in every knee. Laxity was restored best by grafts tensioned to a mean of 9 +/- 14 N, positioned isometrically and 3 mm posterior to the isometric point. Their tension remained low until terminal extension. Grafts 3 mm anterior to the isometric point caused significant overconstraint, and had higher tension beyond 80 degrees knee flexion. Small changes in attachment site had large effects on laxity and tension patterns. These results support an isometric/posterior anatomic femoral graft attachment, which restored knee laxity to normal from 20 to 120 degrees flexion and did not induce high graft tension as the knee flexed. Grafts attached to the roof of the intercondylar notch caused overconstraint and higher tension in the flexed knee.
A Simple One‐Pot, Three‐Component, Catalytic, Highly Enantioselective Isoxazolidine Synthesis. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Contact properties of high-mobility, air-stable, low-voltage organic n-channel thin-film transistors based on a naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (2013)

Air-stable bottom-gate, top-contact n-channel organic transistors based on a naphthalene diimide exhibiting electron mobilities up to 0.8 cm2/Vs at low voltages were fabricated. Transistors with channel lengths of 1 μm show a transconductance of 60 mS/m, but are significantly limited by the contact resistance. Transmission line measurements in combination with contact resistance models were applied to investigate this influence. Both contact resistance and contact resistivity are proportional to the inverse gate overdrive voltage. Organic complementary ring oscillators were fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate showing record signal delays down to 17 μs at a supply voltage of 2.6 V.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Anellated Bis‐Crown Ethers. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrochemical energy storage device (2023)

Electrochemical energy storage devices utilize ionic conducting electrolyte solution to carry charge between positive and negative electrodes. The electrolyte solutions use a mixture of solvent and salt and additional components, or additives, for improved electrochemical stability of the device. In an exemplary embodiment, an electrochemical device includes an electrolyte and housing to provide a pressurized condition for the electrolyte, and electrodes in contact with the electrolyte.
A Chinese version of the Rheumatology Attitudes Index is a valid and reliable measure of learned helplessness in patients with SLE (2002)

Despite the prognostic importance of learned helplessness (LH) in rheumatic diseases, there are no validated measures of LH in Chinese or other Asian languages. We therefore assessed the validity of a Chinese translation of the Rheumatology Attitudes Index (CRAI; a widely used measure of LH) and its Helplessness (CHS) and Internality (CIS) subscales in patients with SLE. Chinese-speaking SLE patients (n = 69) completed identical, self-administered questionnaires containing the CRAI and assessing demographic/socio-economic variables twice within 2 weeks. SLE activity, damage and quality of life were assessed using the BILAG, SLICC/ACR Damage Index and SF-36 respectively. Scale psychometric properties were assessed through Cronbach's alpha, intra-class correlations, quantifying test-retest differences, factor analysis and known-groups construct validity. Internal consistency and reliability were acceptable, with Cronbach's alpha for the CHS, CIS and CRAI being 0.70, 0.69 and 0.74, respectively. Mean differences in test-retest scores spanned 1.6-2.4% of possible scale ranges and intra class correlations ranged from 0.72 to 0.88. Factor analysis identified two major factors corresponding to the CHS and CIS subscales of the CRAI. Eight of 10 a priori hypotheses relating the CRAI and CHS to demographic, disease and quality of life variables were confirmed, supporting the construct validity of these scales. The CRAI and its helplessness subscale are valid and reliable measures of learned helplessness in Chinese-speaking SLE patients.
Ocena stabilności termicznej kompozycji otrzymanych z nienasyconych poli(estrouretanów) sieciowanych styrenem (2007)

Poli(estrouretany uzyskano w reakcji nienasyconych oligo(alkilenoestro)dioli z 4,4`-diizocyjanianem difenylometanu. Oligomerole otrzymano w wyniku polikondensacji bezwodnika kwasu ftalowego, kwasu adypinowego z glikolem etylenowym i cis-2-buten-1,4-diolem. Proces syntezy poli(estrouretanow) prowadzono metodą prepolimerową zmieniając stosunek molowy grup [NCO/OH] w zakresie od 2/1 do 1/2.
Supplementary Figure 1 from SYD985, a Novel Duocarmycin-Based HER2-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Shows Antitumor Activity in Uterine Serous Carcinoma with HER2/Neu Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Exposure of all nine cell lines to scalar concentrations of ADC for a total of 3 days. IC50 dose response curves of SYD985, T-DM1 and ADC isotype control in all 9 primary USC cell lines with differential HER2 expression tested in vitro (i.e., three with HER2 3+ expression, two with HER2 2+ expression and four with HER2 1+ expression) at 3 days.&lt;/p&gt;
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Cysteine Proteinase (Periodontain) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (1999)

Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation of the periodontium manifested by recruitment of neutrophils, which can degranulate, releasing powerful proteinases responsible for destruction of connective tissues, and eventual loss of tooth attachment. Although the presence of host proteinase inhibitors (serpins) should minimize tissue damage by endogenous proteinases, this is not seen clinically, and it has been speculated that proteolytic inactivation of serpins may contribute to progression of the disease. A major pathogen associated with periodontal disease is the Gram-negative anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis, and in this report, we describe a novel proteinase that has been isolated from culture supernatants of this organism that is capable of inactivating the human serpin, alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, the primary endogenous regulator of human neutrophil elastase. This new enzyme, referred to as periodontain, belongs to the cysteine proteinase family based on inhibition studies and exists as a 75-kDa heterodimer. Furthermore, periodontain shares significant homology to streptopain, a proteinase from Streptococcus pyogenes, and prtT, a putative proteinase from P. gingivalis. Clearly, the presence of this enzyme, which rapidly inactivates alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, could result in elevated levels of human neutrophil elastase clinically detected in periodontal disease and should be considered as a potential virulence factor for P. gingivalis.
Effect of Ser-129 Phosphorylation on Interaction of α-Synuclein with Synaptic and Cellular Membranes (2011)

In the healthy brain, less than 5% of α-synuclein (α-syn) is phosphorylated at serine 129 (Ser(P)-129). However, within Parkinson disease (PD) Lewy bodies, 89% of α-syn is Ser(P)-129. The effects of Ser(P)-129 modification on α-syn distribution and solubility are poorly understood. As α-syn normally exists in both membrane-bound and cytosolic compartments, we examined the binding and dissociation of Ser(P)-129 α-syn and analyzed the effects of manipulating Ser(P)-129 levels on α-syn membrane interactions using synaptosomal membranes and neural precursor cells from α-syn-deficient mice or transgenic mice expressing human α-syn. We first evaluated the recovery of the Ser(P)-129 epitope following either α-syn membrane binding or dissociation. We demonstrate a rapid turnover of Ser(P)-129 during both binding to and dissociation from synaptic membranes. Although the membrane binding of WT α-syn was insensitive to modulation of Ser(P)-129 levels by multiple strategies (the use of phosphomimic S129D and nonphosphorylated S129A α-syn mutants; by enzymatic dephosphorylation of Ser(P)-129 or proteasome inhibitor-induced elevation in Ser(P)-129; or by inhibition or stable overexpression of PLK2), PD mutant Ser(P)-129 α-syn showed a preferential membrane association compared with WT Ser(P)-129 α-syn. Collectively, these data suggest that phosphorylation at Ser-129 is dynamic and that the subcellular distribution of α-syn bearing PD-linked mutations, A30P or A53T, is influenced by the phosphorylation state of Ser-129.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Effects of HER Family–targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Densitometry for Figure 1D&lt;/p&gt;
Precautions in Parental Counselling for Identification Audiometry (1977)

Hearing conservation programs are often plagued with a lack of follow-through at the conclusion of identification audiometry. The procedures and results of the Lincoln Institute's hearing conservation program are reported. The results indicate some of the inherent problems associated with screening techniques. In addition, they help demonstrate the need for precautions in informing parents of such results. These precautions in parental counselling must not only be conservative in nature, but also ensure parental co-operation and understanding. These precautions chiefly stem from the lack of personal contact that is possible from mass screenings. Without personal contact, an indirect form of counselling results. This type of counselling must express tact and yet be persuasive enough to generate concern for the necessary confirmation of the hearing impairment.