gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of NK1knockout mice to analyze substance P-induced edema formation (1999)

The mechanisms involved in tachykinin-induced neurokinin-1 (NK(1)) receptor-mediated edema formation have been studied in anesthetized wild-type and NK(1) knockout mice. Intradermally injected substance P (30-300 pmol), NK(1) agonists septide (3-30 pmol) and GR-73632 (3-30 pmol), and the mast cell-degranulating agent, compound 48/80 induced dose-dependent edema in wild-type skin, measured by the accumulation of intravenously injected (125)I-labeled albumin. Septide was 3-10x more potent than substance P. The tachykinins were inactive in knockout mice, but compound 48/80 induced a significantly greater edema (P < 0.05) than that observed in paired wild-type mice. Capsaicin (which releases endogenous neuropeptides) and exogenous tachykinins induced edema formation, which was reduced by the mast cell amine histamine H(1) antagonist mepyramine (P < 0.05). These findings confirm that tachykinins mediate edema formation via the NK(1) receptor and provide direct evidence that the septide-sensitive binding site is on the NK(1) receptor. Furthermore, results suggest that edema induced by the tachykinins, although totally dependent on NK(1) receptor-mediated mechanism, contains a mast cell-dependent component. The evidence is in keeping with an NK(1) receptor on mast cells.
30 Years of Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2018)

Over the past 30 years, significant commercial and academic progress has been made on Li-based battery technologies. From the early Li-metal anode iterations to the current commercial Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the story of the Li-based battery is full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. This review will discuss the main roles of material science in the development of LIBs. As LIB research progresses and the materials of interest change, different emphases on the different subdisciplines of material science are placed. Early works on LIBs focus more on solid state physics whereas near the end of the 20th century, researchers began to focus more on the morphological aspects (surface coating, porosity, size, and shape) of electrode materials. While it is easy to point out which specific cathode and anode materials are currently good candidates for the next-generation of batteries, it is difficult to explain exactly why those are chosen. In this review, for the reader a complete developmental story of LIB should be clearly drawn, along with an explanation of the reasons responsible for the various technological shifts. The review will end with a statement of caution for the current modern battery research along with a brief discussion on beyond lithium-ion battery chemistries.
Modeling Hippocampal Nonlinear Dynamic Transformations with Principal Dynamic Modes (2006)

A new modeling approach of hippocampal nonlinear dynamics is presented. It is based on Principal Dynamics Modes (PDMs) derived from the Volterra kernels quantifying the hippocampal transformations. The approach is illustrated using data obtained from acute hippocampal slice preparations and from behaving rats performs a memory task. The resulting PDM models are comparable in performance to the Volterra models and require significantly less representational and implementational overhead
Macrophage Delivery of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drug to the Brain in a Murine Model of NeuroAIDS (2009)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) shows variable blood-brain barrier penetration. This may affect the development of neurological complications of HIV infection. In attempts to attenuate viral growth for the nervous system, cell-based nanoformulations were developed with the focus on improving drug pharmacokinetics. We reasoned that ART carriage could be facilitated within blood-borne macrophages traveling across the blood-brain barrier. To test this idea, an HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE) rodent model was used where HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages were stereotactically injected into the subcortex of severe combined immunodeficient mice. ART was prepared using indinavir (IDV) nanoparticles (NP, nanoART) loaded into murine bone marrow macrophages (BMM, IDV-NP-BMM) after ex vivo cultivation. IDV-NP-BMM was administered i.v. to mice resulting in continuous IDV release for 14 days. Rhodamine-labeled IDV-NP was readily observed in areas of HIVE and specifically in brain subregions with active astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neuronal loss. IDV-NP-BMM treatment led to robust IDV levels and reduced HIV-1 replication in HIVE brain regions. We conclude that nanoART targeting to diseased brain through macrophage carriage is possible and can be considered in developmental therapeutics for HIV-associated neurological disease.
Pulsed Electrical Discharges : Principles and Application to Extraction of Biocompounds (2011)

In N.LEBOVKA, E. VOROBIEV, F. CHEMAT, Enhancing Extraction Processes in the Food Industry, CRC Press, Boca Ranton, chap. 5
Fluorinated Tertiary Thio- and Selenoethers from the Reaction of Sulfenyl or Selenenyl Chloride with Perfluoropropene Dimers in the Presence of Alkali Fluoride (1987)

Abstract Perfluoro(1,1-dimethylbutanide) anion generated from hexafluoropropene dimers and alkali fluorides in dry N,N-dimethylformamide, reacts with arenesulfenyl or areneselenenyl chloride to give the corresponding aryl perfluoro(1,1-dimethylbutyl) sulfides or selenides in low to good yields.
Measurement and analysis of input current noise in chopper amplifiers (2012)

This paper explains how the charge injection and clock feed-through of MOSFET switches causes significant input currents and current noise in chopper amplifiers. The current noise can be modeled as a form of shot noise with a white power spectral density (PSD). Both the input current and its noise PSD increase linearly with the chopping frequency. This has been verified by measurements on identical chopper amplifiers with different types of input choppers. Some design guidelines are proposed, as well as a low-noise input chopper based on a reduced-swing (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</inf> /2) bootstrapped clock driver.
A microstrip-coil integration on superconducting tunnel junctions for X-ray detection (2001)

We report the first demonstration of X-ray detection by using a Superconducting Tunnel Junction (STJ) with a microstrip-coil. The STJ was fabricated based on Nb/Al/AlO/sub x//Nb integration process technology using a 2 /spl mu/m design rule. Magnetic field was applied into the STJ by the microstrip-coil to suppress the dc Josephson current instead of the conventional electromagnet. The output waveform was successfully observed by irradiation of 5.9 keV X-ray under a condition of microstrip-coil current of 20 mA at 0.4 K.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Extraction of Renal and Ureteral Calculi from 100 Patients (1984)

A percutaneous nephrostomy tract was used as a conduit to the kidney and ureter for extraction of 149 calculi in 100 patients. A variety of grasping and fragmentation techniques under fluoroscopic and endoscopic control were used to extract calculi in 88 per cent of the patients. With experience, operator efficiency and rate of stone extraction increased from 76 per cent early in the series to 91 per cent in the most recent patients, and the incidence of complications decreased from 17 to 5 per cent. Percutaneous removal of upper tract urinary calculi appears to be an appropriate alternative to an open operation in most patients with symptomatic urolithiasis.
Running injuries and orthotics : review article (2006)

lIgObjective:l/Ig To review the literature with respect to the influence of foot orthotics on the treatment of running injuries and to discuss the biomechanical functioning of orthotics during running. Data sources:l/Ig This paper was written based on peer-reviewed published literature. (Source: PubMed and SportDiscus. Search terms: orthotic, running, injury, and pertinent variants of each. Dates: all data inclusive to the end of 2005). 
lBRglIgConclusions:l/Ig The reported success rate of orthotic intervention in relieving running injury and pain varies from 25%-95% and is generally over 70%. However, randomised control studies that control for confounding factors are still required to fully evaluate the efficacy of orthotic use in running. Recent studies have challenged the previously accepted function of orthotics in aligning the skeleton, suggesting that orthotics result in minimal changes in skeletal movement. New concepts, such as reducing muscle activity, decreasing joint loading and increasing cushioning, have been proposed as potential functions of orthotics in addressing running injuries. Some of the latest studies are starting to address these concepts but additional data are still required before definitive conclusions can be established.
Multi-point optimal design for diffuser cascades of centrifugal compressors (2000)

The ‘multi-point design’ approach for single airfoils in aeronautical engineering is introduced into the optimal design for diffuser cascades of centrifugal compressors. Genetic algorithms are used to solve the multi-point problem. The proposed approach is applied to a ‘two-point design’ of a real diffuser cascade. The numerical results show that a group of optimal blade profiles can be obtained, from which the designer can select performance compromises for the two given design condition points.
Hybrid large mode area photonic crystal fiber for distributed spectral filtering and single-mode operation (2011)

The properties of a large mode area Yb-doped double-cladding hybrid photonic crystal fiber, with antisymmetric high-index inclusions, have been analyzed. Simulations, carried out through a finite-element based modal solver, and experimental measurements have demonstrated the narrow spectral filtering capability of this fiber, with a passband of about 80 nm in the Yb gain region. Moreover, high-order mode suppression has been demonstrated with a proper air-hole size. Finally, the stress-induced birefringence due to the Ge-doped rods used as high-index insets has been investigated, accounting for the polarization-maintaining behaviour of the manufactured fiber.
Predictive Cloud Computing with Big Data: Professional Golf and Tennis Forecasting [Application Notes] (2015)

Major Golf and Grand Slam Tennis tournaments such as Australian Open, The Masters, Roland Garros, United States Golf Association (USGA), Wimbledon, and United States Tennis Association (USTA) United States (US) Open provide real-time and historical sporting information to immerse a global fan base in the action. Each tournament provides realtime content, including streaming video, game statistics, scores, images, schedule of play, and text. Due to the game popularities, some of the web servers are heavily visited and some are not, therefore, we need a method to autonomously provision servers to provide a smooth user experience. Predictive Cloud Computing (PCC) has been developed to provide a smart allocation/deallocation of servers by combining ensembles of forecasts and predictive modeling to determine the future origin demand for web site content. PCC distributes processing through analytical pipelines that correlate streaming data, such as scores, media schedules, and player brackets with a future-simulated tournament state to measure predicted demand spikes for content. Social data streamed from Twitter provides social sentiment and popularity features used within predictive modeling. Data at rest, such as machine logs and web content, provide additional features for forecasting. While the duration of each tournament varies, the number of origin website requests range from 29,000 to 110,000 hits per minute. The PCC technology was developed and deployed to all Grand Slam tennis events and several major golf tournaments that took place in 2013 and to the present, which has decreased wasted computing consumption by over 50%. We propose a novel forecasting ensemble that includes residual, vector, historical, partial, adjusted, cubic and quadratic forecasters. In addition, we present several predictive models based on Multiple Regression as inputs into several of these forecasters. We conclude by empirically demonstrating that the predictive cloud technology is able to forecast the computing load on origin web servers for professional golf and tennis tournaments.
Nanowire-based multifunctional antireflection coatings for solar cells (2014)

Organic (P3HT/PCBM) solar cells are coated with ZnO nanowires as antireflection coatings and show up to 36% enhancement in efficiency. The improvement is ascribed to an effective refractive index which results in Fabry-Perot absorption bands which match the polymer band-gap. The effect is particularly pronounced at high light incidence angles. Simultaneously, the coating is used as a UV-barrier, demonstrating a 50% reduction in the rate of degradation of the polymers under accelerated lifetime testing. The coating also allows the surface of the solar cell to self-clean via two distinct routes. On one hand, photocatalytic degradation of organic material on ZnO is enhanced by the high surface area of the nanowires and quantified by dye degradation measurements. On the other, the surface of the nanowires can be functionalized to tune the water contact angle from superhydrophilic (16°) to superhydrophobic (152°), resulting in self-cleaning via the Lotus effect. The multifunctional ZnO nanowires are grown by a low cost, low temperature hydrothermal method, compatible with process limitations of organic solar cells.
Genomic Distribution of Maize Facultative Heterochromatin Marked by Trimethylation of H3K27 (2013)

Trimethylation of histone H3 Lys-27 (H3K27me3) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during plant and animal development. We characterized the genome-wide distribution of H3K27me3 in five developmentally distinct tissues in maize (Zea mays) plants of two genetic backgrounds, B73 and Mo17. There were more substantial differences in the genome-wide profile of H3K27me3 between different tissues than between the two genotypes. The tissue-specific patterns of H3K27me3 were often associated with differences in gene expression among the tissues and most of the imprinted genes that are expressed solely from the paternal allele in endosperm are targets of H3K27me3. A comparison of the H3K27me3 targets in rice (Oryza sativa), maize, and Arabidopsis thaliana provided evidence for conservation of the H3K27me3 targets among plant species. However, there was limited evidence for conserved targeting of H3K27me3 in the two maize subgenomes derived from whole-genome duplication, suggesting the potential for subfunctionalization of chromatin regulation of paralogs. Genomic profiling of H3K27me3 in loss-of-function mutant lines for Maize Enhancer of zeste-like2 (Mez2) and Mez3, two of the three putative H3K27me3 methyltransferases present in the maize genome, suggested partial redundancy of this gene family for maintaining H3K27me3 patterns. Only a portion of the targets of H3K27me3 required Mez2 and/or Mez3, and there was limited evidence for functional consequences of H3K27me3 at these targets.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Sulfonamide-Containing Bradykinin hB2 Receptor Antagonists. 2. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of α,α-Cycloalkylglycine Sulfonamides (2007)

Recently we reported on the design and synthesis of a novel class of selective nonpeptide bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonists (J. Med. Chem. 2006, 3602-3613). This work led to the discovery of MEN 15442, an antagonist with subnanomolar affinity for the human B2 receptor (hB2R), which also displayed significant and prolonged activity in vivo (for up to 210 min) against BK-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig at a dose of 300 nmol/kg (it), while demonstrating only a slight effect on BK-induced hypotension. Here we describe the further optimization of this series of compounds aimed at maximizing the effect on bronchoconstriction and minimizing the effect on hypotension, with a view to developing topically delivered drugs for airway diseases. The work led to the discovery of MEN 16132, a compound which, after intratracheal or aerosol administration, inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, BK-induced bronchoconstricton in the airways, while showing minimal systemic activity. This compound was selected as a preclinical candidate for the topical treatment of airway diseases involving kinin B2 receptor stimulation.
Genetic dissection of the fuzzless seed trait in Gossypium barbadense (2017)

Cotton fibres are single-celled trichomes arising from the epidermal cells of the seed coat and may be either long (lint) or very short (fuzz). The dominant fuzzless N1 of Gossypium hirsutum is a defective allele of the At-subgenome homoeolog of MYB25-like, but the genetic components underlying the recessive fuzzless trait from G. barbadense (Gb) are unknown. We have identified five genetic loci, including a major contributing locus containing MYB25-like_Dt, associated with Gb fuzzless seeds based on genotyping of fuzzy and fuzzless near isogenic lines (NILs) from an interspecies cross (G. barbadense × G. hirsutum). At 3 d post-anthesis when fuzz fibres are initiating, expression of MYB25-like_Dt was significantly lower in fuzzless NILs than in fuzzy seeded NILs, while higher MYB25-like_Dt expression was associated with more seed fuzz across different cotton genotypes. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of MYB25-like homoeoalleles in cottons showing different fibre phenotypes and their crossing progeny indicated that both MYB25-like_At and MYB25-like_Dt are associated with lint development, and that fuzz development is mainly determined by the expression level of MYB25-like_Dt at ~3 d post-anthesis. Expression of Gb fuzzless seeds depends on genetic background and interactions amongst the multiple loci identified. MYB25-like_Dt is one of the best candidates for N2.
A novel imaging based Nomogram for predicting post-surgical biochemical recurrence and adverse pathology of prostate cancer from pre-operative bi-parametric MRI (2020)

The National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Department of Defense.
The analysis of a center-fed helical microstrip antenna mounted on a dielectric-coated circular cylinder using the reciprocity theorem (2002)

The propagation and radiation characteristics of the tape helix with a conducting core and dielectric substrate have been investigated previously. The analysis techniques developed earlier either assume that the helix is infinite in extent or is being end-fed. In this paper, we consider a center-fed helical microstrip antenna of finite length. The reciprocity approach, originally introduced by Werner, Martin, Mittra and Zmyslo (see IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1999), is applied here in order to conveniently derive expressions for the far-zone radiation patterns of this helical microstrip structure.
Bis[(methylsulfanyl)carbonyl]disulfane (2012)

The title compound, C(4)H(6)O(2)S(4), was prepared by repeating, with subtle improvements, a multi-step route originally described by Mott & Barany [J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 (1984) ▶, pp. 2615-2621]. The title compound was obtained for the first time as a crystalline material. The two [(methyl-sulfan-yl)carbon-yl]sulfenyl moieties are essentially perpendic-ular to each other, each approximately planar (r.m.s. deviations of 0.02 and 0.01 Å) and with a C-S-S-C torsion angle = 90.99 (6)°, which compares well with the theoretical value of 90°.
Superoxide mediates endotoxin-induced platelet-endothelial cell adhesion in intestinal venules (2003)

Platelets have been implicated in the pathogenesis of different diseases of the vascular system, including atherosclerosis, sepsis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, relatively little is known about the factors that regulate the interactions between circulating platelets and the vessel wall. The objective of this study was to define the contribution of superoxide to LPS-induced platelet-endothelial cell (P/E) adhesion in murine intestinal venules. The adhesion of rhodamine-6G-labeled murine platelets was monitored by intravital fluorescence microscopy. Four hours after LPS administration in control [wild-type (WT)] mice, an approximately 10-fold increase in P/E adhesion was detected. This response did not result from LPS-induced platelet activation. The LPS-induced P/E adhesion was greatly attenuated in NAD(P)H oxidase-deficient mice and in WT mice rendered neutropenic with anti-neutrophil serum, whereas the response was unchanged in WT mice receiving a CD18 blocking MAb or in CD18-deficient mice. A chimeric form of MnSOD that exhibits the binding properties of extracellular SOD also attenuated the LPS-induced response in WT mice. These findings indicate that neutrophil-derived superoxide plays a major role in the modulation of endotoxin-induced P/E adhesion.
Detection of Early-Stage Enterprise Infection by Mining Large-Scale Log Data (2014)

Recent years have seen the rise of more sophisticated attacks including advanced persistent threats (APTs) which pose severe risks to organizations and governments by targeting confidential proprietary information. Additionally, new malware strains are appearing at a higher rate than ever before. Since many of these malware are designed to evade existing security products, traditional defenses deployed by most enterprises today, e.g., anti-virus, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, often fail at detecting infections at an early stage. We address the problem of detecting early-stage infection in an enterprise setting by proposing a new framework based on belief propagation inspired from graph theory. Belief propagation can be used either with "seeds" of compromised hosts or malicious domains (provided by the enterprise security operation center -- SOC) or without any seeds. In the latter case we develop a detector of C&amp;C communication particularly tailored to enterprises which can detect a stealthy compromise of only a single host communicating with the C&amp;C server. We demonstrate that our techniques perform well on detecting enterprise infections. We achieve high accuracy with low false detection and false negative rates on two months of anonymized DNS logs released by Los Alamos National Lab (LANL), which include APT infection attacks simulated by LANL domain experts. We also apply our algorithms to 38TB of real-world web proxy logs collected at the border of a large enterprise. Through careful manual investigation in collaboration with the enterprise SOC, we show that our techniques identified hundreds of malicious domains overlooked by state-of-the-art security products.
Large margin semi-tied covariance transforms for discriminative training (2009)

We discuss the applicability of large margin techniques to the problem of estimating linear transforms for discriminative training of a semi-tied covariance (STC) model. Since STC models are good proxies for full-covariance (FC) Gaussian models, the idea is to combine the benefit of the latest discriminative training techniques and the modeling advantage of FC Gaussians at a much lower computational cost. We study the interaction of these transforms with feature-space and model-space discriminative training on state-of-the-art speaker adapted systems built for a large-scale Arabic broadcast news transcription task.
Xylitol based phase selective organogelators for potential oil spillage recovery (2017)

Xylitol based cost effective and easily synthesizable phase selective gelators were developed for strong gelation ability for different crude oils, wide range of refinery products and reported for their potential application in oil spillage recovery.