gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIXED CULTURE CONDITIONS OF NOVEL AEROBIC DENITRIFYING BACTERIA (2002)

Aerobic denitrifying bacteria were isolated from soil and water. The ammonia could be aerobically oxidized to nitrates, then aerobically reduced to molecular nitrogen. The culture conditions of the mixed denitrifying bacteria were studied. The mixture of NaHCO 3 and CH 3COONa was proved to be the optimal carbon source, with their mass concentration both being 0.25 g L -1. The optimal mass concentration of nitrogen (NH 4) 2SO 4 was 0.2 g L -1. pH 7～10 and 30 ℃ were the favorable conditions for mixed denitrifying bacteria. With these conditions, the ammonia could be removed by over 98% in 30 h and the maximum biomass reached 2.9 g L -1. The biomass was increased by 31.0% using fed-batch culture strategy. Fig 6, Tab 4, Ref 11
Cost-effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents With Obesity (2016)

Bariatric surgery incurs substantial initial cost and morbidity. We found that surgery could be a cost-effective treatment for adolescents with severe obesity if assessed over a time horizon of 5 years. Our study underscores the need for long-term clinical trials in adolescents with at least 5 years of follow-up data that capture financial and quality-of-life end points.
Portable software for multiprocessor systems (1992)

In this article we describe Prelude, a programming language and accompanying system support for writing portable parallel programs for multiprocessor architectures. Prelude allows the programmer to separate the description of the computation to be performed by a program from the description of how that computation is to be mapped onto a machine. This makes it easier to tune the performance of a program on a particular machine and also simplifies porting a program to new architectures.
SIMS image processing methods for petroleum cracking catalyst characterization (1990)

This study is important as it highlights a change in patient demand from one of highest efficacy to possibly one with the greatest safety profile and quickest recovery time. Newer treatment technologies such as energy-based devices (radiofrequency, laser and magnetic therapy) have shown to have lower success rates but may be favourable for some women. This supports the need for further research in these areas.
Impact of the State of Charge Estimation on Model Predictive Control Performance in a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Accounting for Equivalent Fuel Consumption and Battery Capacity Fade (2019)

Reduction of fuel consumption, carbon footprint as well as increasing the lifetime of powertrain components of electrified vehicle, such as battery, has been recognized as a significant challenge of our century. Model predictive control strategy (MPC) is considered as a way to tackle this issue efficiently. This optimization-based control strategy selects the best control action by anticipating the system expected response. As the main contribution, this paper provides the impact of the State of Charge (SoC) estimation by the Battery Management System (BMS) on the performance of a MPC through the cost function pareto front study accounting for the equivalent fuel consumption and the battery capacity fade during the charge sustaining (CS) mode. MPC demonstrates abilities to reduce the equivalent fuel consumption and battery capacity fade respectively by 1% and 49% compared to an On Off thermostat control strategy when the battery is in charge sustaining mode. Moreover, the results show that the SoC estimation by a BMS impacts slightly the fuel efficiency and battery lifetime when MPC is the control strategy. However, the accuracy of the vehicle linear speed prediction has more influence than the precision of the SoC provided by the BMS on the MPC performance.
Wet Clean Induce Pattern Collapse Mechanism Study (2012)

Pattern collapse phenomenon was first time observed in BEOL application with the integration of ultra low-k film scheme. With the dimension and pitch shrinkage, the pattern collapse defects are getting worse during wet clean process. In this study, the line collapse defects can be significantly reduced by adding surfactant solution to the rinse liquid. Moreover, higher aspect ratio (&gt;4) will also deteriorate the collapse window. In addition, the kink or bowing trench profile will induce localized stress at the interface. Accordingly, optimization of both wet clean and dry etch process are the successful keys to solve line collapse issue toward future generation and beyond.
Measurement of parallel ion energy distribution function in PISCES plasma (1987)

The PISCES facility is used to conduct controlled plasma-surface interaction experiments. Plasma parameters typical of those found in the edge plasmas of major fusion confinement experiments are produced. In this work, the energy distribution of the ion flux incident on a material surface is measured using a gridded energy analyzer in place of a material sample. The full width at half maximum energy distribution of the ion flux is found to vary from 10 eV to 30 eV both hydrogen and deuterium plasmas. Helium plasmas have a much lower FWHM energy spread than hydrogen and deuterium plasmas. The FWHM ion energy spread is found to be linearly related to the electron temperature. The most probable ion energy is found to be linearly related to the bias applied to the energy analyzer. Other plasma parameters have a weak influence upon the energy distribution of the ion flux. Two possible physical mechanisms for producing the observed results are introduced and suggestions for further work are made. The impact of the reported measurements on the materials experiments conducted in the PISCES facility are discussed and recommendations for future experiments are made. 11 refs., 13 figs.
Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff in Multi-Antenna Multi-Relay Networks: Improvements and Some Optimality Results (2009)

This paper investigates the benefits of Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying in the setup of multi-antenna wireless networks. The concept of Random Sequential (RS) relaying is previously introduced in the literature and showed that it achieves the maximum diversity gain in a general multi-antenna network. Here, we show that random unitary matrix multiplication at the relay nodes empowers the RS scheme to achieve a better Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff (DMT) as compared to the traditional AF relaying. First, we study the case of a multi-antenna full-duplex single-relay two-hop network, for which we show that the RS achieves the optimum DMT. Applying this result, we derive a new achievable DMT for the case of multi-antenna half-duplex parallel relay network. Interestingly, it turns out that the DMT of the RS scheme is optimum for the case of multi-antenna two parallel non-interfering half-duplex relays. Next, we show that random unitary matrix multiplication also improves the DMT of the Non-Orthogonal AF relaying scheme in the case of a multi-antenna single relay channel. Finally, we study the general case of multi-antenna full-duplex relay networks and derive a new lower-bound on its DMT using the RS scheme.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Three Cationic Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Materials Based on Lead Fluoride (2010)

Three rare examples of extended inorganic materials possessing a cationic charge on the host have been successfully synthesized hydrothermally. The first structure consists of two-dimensional lead fluoride [Pb9F16]2+ sheets with perchlorate anions occupying the interlayer space. The material is a higher symmetry polytype of our previously reported lead fluoride nitrate Pb3F5·NO3. Two new isoreticular layered metal−organic frameworks have also been discovered with cationic lead fluoride [Pb2F2]2+ layers pillared by 3- and 4-carbon chain alkylenedisulfonate molecules. Each structure was characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability increases with the alkylene chain length of the linker molecule. The syntheses require the addition of perchloric acid to the reaction mixture. An improved synthesis for our previously reported lead fluoride polytype pillared by ethanedisulfonate in terms of increased yield and purity was also realized using perchloric acid.
An Implemented Formalism for Computing Linguistic Presuppositions and Existential Commitments (1995)

We rely on the strength of linguistic and philosophical perspectives in constructing a framework that offers a unified explanation for presuppositions and existential commitment. We use a rich ontology and a set of methodological principles that embed the essence of Meinong's philosophy and Grice's conversational principles into a stratified logic, under an unrestricted interpretation of the quantifiers. The result is a logical formalism that yields a tractable computational method that uniformly calculates all the presuppositions of a given utterance, including the existential ones.
Overview of Cytogenetic Chromosome Analysis (2004)

This unit provides a brief overview of cytogenetic analysis of interphase ansd metaphase chromosomes. It includes a description of the methods provided in the units that follow.
Friction is just the beginning (2015)

Dynamic sealing systems are recognised as consumers of power mainly because of the friction that comes into play in the sealing interface. But this is not the only story, as seal auxiliary systems consume power, and energy is also lost through leakage in production processes. This article identifies high-energy utilisation sealing systems and presents strategies used to minimise power losses.
Dark-field chest X-ray imaging for the assessment of COVID-19-pneumonia (2022)

Dark-field imaging complements and improves conventional radiography for the visualisation and detection of COVID-19-pneumonia.
Nanometer scale pattern replication using electron beam direct patterned SiO2 as the etching mask (1991)

Because of its unique properties and well-established processing techniques, SiO2 has wide application in the integrated circuit industry. The ability to directly pattern SiO2 with nanometer resolution by electron beam irradiation is therefore of great importance in the fabrication of both ultrasmall conventional and quantum devices. In this letter we demonstrate the replication of trenches with feature sizes as small as 10 nm into polycrystalline silicon and single-crystal and via reactive ion etching by using electron beam direct patterned SiO2 as the mask.
Visualization of the catalytic reactions in the fuel cells using THz Chemical Microscope (2013)

THz Chemical Microscope can visualize the work function shift of the catalytic electrodes in fuel cells. We observed the variation of the terahertz wave intensity at the cathode and anode under fuel cell operation. From this result, TCM is a valuable tool for investigation and evaluation of the catalytic electrode and electrolyte in fuel cells.
Mutations in the human RAX homeobox gene in a patient with anophthalmia and sclerocornea (2003)

Anophthalmia and microphthalmia are among the most common ocular birth defects and a significant cause of congenital blindness. The etiology of anophthalmia and microphthalmia is diverse, with multiple genetic mutations associated with each of these conditions, along with potential environmental causes. Based on findings that mutations in the Rx/Rax homeobox genes in mice and fish lead to defects in retinal development and result in animal models of anophthalmia, we screened 75 individuals with anophthalmia and/or microphthalmia for mutations in the human RAX gene. We identified a single proband from this population who is a compound heterozygote for mutations in the RAX gene. This individual carries a truncated allele (Q147X) and a missense mutation (R192Q), both within the DNA-binding homeodomain of the RAX protein, and we have characterized the biochemical properties of these mutations in vitro. Parents and grandparents of the proband were found to be carriers without visible ocular defects, consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This is the first report of genetic mutations in the human RAX gene.
Analysis of Decomposed Layer Appearing on the Surface of Barium Strontium Titanate (1999)

Chemical states and structures of thin degenerated layers grown on the surface of (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 (BST) films are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that decomposition occurred as a result of the air exposure and also as a result of annealing. A careful study of a Ba 3d peak in the XPS spectrum reveals that Ba in BST crystal easily decomposes out of the perovskite phase and makes BaCO 3 or barium oxides, whereas no significant change occurs in Sr, or Ti oxides. This degenerated layer can be removed by nitric acid treatment. It was also found that the surface BST becomes rather stable against exposure to air compared with the original one after the nitric acid treatment.
Enhancement of Raman Spectra Obtained at Low Signal-To-Noise Ratios: Matched Filtering and Adaptive Peak Detection (1985)

Two methods of Raman spectral peak enhancement are described. The matched-filter approach employs an optimal filter to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio at its output. The impulse response of the matched filter is the reversed version of the profile of the spectral peak to be enhanced; therefore, the effectiveness of the matched filter depends on a priori knowledge of the peak's shape. The adaptive peak detector (APD) utilizes a filter having a time-varying impulse response. APD performance is relatively insensitive to peak shape, but is instead contingent on a number of user-specified parameters. Background is provided to acquaint the reader with signal processing terminology, and practical guidelines are given for computationally inexpensive computer implementations of both techniques. Examples are shown which demonstrate the effects of these two enhancement methods on simulated Raman spectra.
SASLedger: A Secured, Accelerated Scalable Storage Solution for Distributed Ledger Systems (2021)

Blockchain technology provides a “tamper-proof distributed ledger” for its users. Typically, to ensure the integrity and immutability of the transaction data, each node in a blockchain network retains a full copy of the ledger; however, this characteristic imposes an increasing storage burden upon each node with the accumulation of data. In this paper, an off-chain solution is introduced to relieve the storage burden of blockchain nodes while ensuring the integrity of the off-chain data. In our solution, an off-chain remote DB server stores the fully replicated data while the nodes only store the commitments of the data to verify whether the off-chain data are tampered with. To minimize the influence on performance, the nodes will store data locally at first and transfer it to the remote DB server when otherwise idle. Our solution also supports accessing all historical data for newly joined nodes through a snapshot mechanism. The solution is implemented based on the Hyperledger Fabric (HLF). Experiments show that our solution reduces the block data for blockchain nodes by 93.3% compared to the original HLF and that our advanced solution enhances the TPS by 9.6% compared to our primary solution.
áèëêïñîÉñãêâá îòãÖáÖÉéãêâÉê ÜáîòãÖá áéàÊáíÉãîãê óéñãÊÖëîááîò áîï (2011)

This paper describes a prototype demonstrating a new operating system (called Parallax) for the new generation many- core servers. The operating system is designed to address scaling, resource monitoring, dynamic configuration, and self-repair of many-core chip based servers to support distributed computational tasks. The operating system is implemented in assembler language for efficiency and supports C/C++ programming interfaces for high-level programming. The Parallax operating system is based on the DIME network computing model supporting distributed network-centric computing architecture. A parallel signaling network overlay over a network of von Neumann stored program control (SPC) computing nodes is utilized to implement dynamic fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management of both the nodes and the network based on business priorities, workload variations and latency constraints.
Simultaneous and independent label swapping of multiple WDM channels in an all-optical packet-switched network using PPLN waveguides as wavelength converters (2002)

We demonstrate simultaneous and independent label swapping and wavelength conversion of multiple WDM channels at 10 Gb/s using PPLN waveguides as lambda-shifters. Our method is bit-rate, label length, and format independent
Supplemental Table S7 A. from The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S7 A. Selected somatic mutation calls and Sanger validation results&lt;/p&gt;
Heterologous expression of the atypical tetracycline chelocardin reveals the full set of genes required for its biosynthesis (2020)

We identified previously unknown genes in the CHD cluster, which were shown to be essential for chelocardin biosynthesis by expression of the full biosynthetic gene cluster in S. albus as heterologous host. When comparing to oxytetracycline biosynthesis, we observed that the CHD gene cluster contains additional enzymes not found in gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of typical tetracyclines (such as oxytetracycline). This finding probably explains the different chemistries and modes of action, which make CHD/CD-CHD valuable lead structures for clinical candidates. Even though the CHD genes are derived from a rare actinomycete A. sulphurea, the yield of CHD in the heterologous host was very good. The corrected nucleotide sequence of the CHD gene cluster now contains all gene products required for the production of CHD in a genetically amenable heterologous host, thus opening new possibilities towards production of novel and potent tetracycline analogues with a new mode of action.
Impedance of a large circular loop antenna in a magnetoplasma (1986)

The input impedance of a large circular loop antenna with arbitrary orientation in a cold magnetoplasma is calculated by using a transmission line theory. New impedance resonances for antennas of finite size in a magnetoplasma in the frequency region below and near the electron cyclotron frequency are indicated theoretically. The resonance peak of the impedance at the lower hybrid resonance frequency is also predicted to exist for arbitrarily oriented antennas of finite size. The experiments on the impedance of a large circular loop antenna are carried out for the cases of normal and parallel orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the plane of the loop immersed in a radio frequency-generated laboratory plasma. The newly predicted impedance resonances for the antenna of finite size are observed. It is also shown that the measured impedances agree fairly well with the calculated ones.
Recurrent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 spike deletion H69/V70 and its role in the Alpha variant B.1.1.7 (2021)

We report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike ΔH69/V70 in multiple independent lineages, often occurring after acquisition of receptor binding motif replacements such as N439K and Y453F, known to increase binding affinity to the ACE2 receptor and confer antibody escape. In vitro, we show that, although ΔH69/V70 itself is not an antibody evasion mechanism, it increases infectivity associated with enhanced incorporation of cleaved spike into virions. ΔH69/V70 is able to partially rescue infectivity of spike proteins that have acquired N439K and Y453F escape mutations by increased spike incorporation. In addition, replacement of the H69 and V70 residues in the Alpha variant B.1.1.7 spike (where ΔH69/V70 occurs naturally) impairs spike incorporation and entry efficiency of the B.1.1.7 spike pseudotyped virus. Alpha variant B.1.1.7 spike mediates faster kinetics of cell-cell fusion than wild-type Wuhan-1 D614G, dependent on ΔH69/V70. Therefore, as ΔH69/V70 compensates for immune escape mutations that impair infectivity, continued surveillance for deletions with functional effects is warranted.
Intestinal regulation of suppression of tumorigenicity 14 (ST14) and serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type -1 (SPINT1) by transcription factor CDX2 (2018)

The type II membrane-anchored serine protease, matriptase, encoded by suppression of tumorgenicity-14 (ST14) regulates the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier in concert with its inhibitor, HAI-1 encoded by serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type -1 (SPINT1). The balance of the protease/inhibitor gene expression ratio is vital in preventing the oncogenic potential of matriptase. The intestinal cell lineage is regulated by a transcriptional regulatory network where the tumor suppressor, Caudal homeobox 2 (CDX2) is considered to be an intestinal master transcription factor. In this study, we show that CDX2 has a dual function in regulating both ST14 and SPINT1, gene expression in intestinal cells. We find that CDX2 is not required for the basal ST14 and SPINT1 gene expression; however changes in CDX2 expression affects the ST14/SPINT1 mRNA ratio. Exploring CDX2 ChIP-seq data from intestinal cell lines, we identified genomic CDX2-enriched enhancer elements for both ST14 and SPINT1, which regulate their corresponding gene promoter activity. We show that CDX2 displays both repressive and enhancing regulatory abilities in a cell specific manner. Together, these data reveal new insight into transcriptional mechanisms controlling the intestinal matriptase/inhibitor balance.
Influence of material swelling on surface roughness in diamond turning of single crystals (2001)

The effect of material swelling on the surface roughness in ultraprecision diamond turning has been investigated. Experimental results from the power spectrum analysis indicate that the profile of the tool marks is distorted by the effect of swelling of the materials being cut. A good correlation exists between the surface roughness and the amount of swelling that has occurred in the machined layer. Radically different surface roughness profiles were obtained when machining aluminium and copper single crystals with the same cutting plane and tool shape. The difference in the machining behaviour could not be accounted for by elastic recovery alone but could be explained by considering the plastic deformation induced in the machined layer.
Receptor subtypes Y1 and Y5 mediate neuropeptide Y induced feeding in the guinea‐pig (2002)

1. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most potent stimulants of food intake. It has been debated which receptor subtype mediates this response. Initially Y(1) was proposed, but later Y(5) was announced as a 'feeding' receptor in rats and mice. Very little is known regarding other mammals. The present study attempts to characterize the role of NPY in feeding behaviour in the distantly related guinea-pig. When infused intracerebroventricularly, NPY dose-dependently increased food intake. 2. PYY, (Leu(31),Pro(34))NPY and NPY(2 - 36) stimulated feeding, whereas NPY(13 - 36) had no effect. These data suggest that either Y(1) or Y(5) receptors or both may mediate NPY induced food intake in guinea-pigs. 3. The Y(1) receptor antagonists, BIBO 3304 and H 409/22 displayed nanomolar affinity for the Y(1) receptor (K(i) values 1.1+/-0.2 nM and 5.6+/-0.9 nM, respectively), but low affinity for the Y(2) or Y(5) receptors. When guinea-pigs were pretreated with BIBO 3304 and H 409/22, the response to NPY was inhibited. 4. The Y(5) antagonist, CGP 71683A had high affinity for the Y(5) receptor (K(i) 1.3+/-0.05 nM) without having any significant activities at the Y(1) and Y(2) receptors. When CGP 71683A was infused into brain ventricles, the feeding response to NPY was attenuated. 5. The present study shows that NPY stimulates feeding in guinea-pigs through Y(1) and Y(5) receptors. As the guinea-pig is very distantly related to the rat and mouse, this suggests that both Y(1) and Y(5) receptors may mediate NPY-induced hyperphagia also in other orders of mammals.