gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers with a Hand-Held DBD Plasma Generator (2012)

In cold plasma medicine, anti-inflammatory, anti-itch, antimicrobic, ultraviolet, and other therapeutic modalities are combined within one treatment. Two types of cold plasma can be discerned: direct (dielectric barrier discharge [DBD]) and indirect plasma. DBD generates a low-temperature plasma under atmospheric pressure. The PlasmaDerm VU-2010 device is a noninvasive active medical intervention that does not come into direct contact with skin. For our medical application, a nonequilibrium, weakly ionized, physical DBD plasma is generated by the application of high voltages across small gaps; the electrode is covered by a dielectric. The skin itself acts as the second electrode. Chronic leg ulcers are a major problem among the elderly. The prevalence corresponds to 2-4% of the population. Eighty percent of chronic leg ulcers are caused by varicosis. In general, 3 phases of wound healing (cleaning of the wound ground, granulation, and epithelialization) can be discerned as disturbed in chronic venous leg ulcers. Wound debridement, modern wound dressings, and compression hosiery comprise methods of standard care. Despite these measures, leg ulcers often persist. Additional plasma treatment may have the potential to facilitate wound healing by disinfection, stimulation of tissue regeneration and microcirculation, and acidification of the wound environment. We are currently conducting an ongoing clinical trial with the PlasmaDerm VU-2010 device to assess the safety, applicability, and efficacy of plasma treatment for chronic venous leg ulcers. So far, no adverse effects of plasma treatment have been reported, pointing toward a positive outcome of our study.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Cyano‐2‐butenyl Group: A New Type of Protecting Group in Oligonucleotide Synthesis via Phosphoramidite Approach. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On Microphone-Array Beamforming From a MIMO Acoustic Signal Processing Perspective (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Although many microphone-array beamforming algorithms have been developed over the past few decades, most such algorithms so far can only offer limited performance in practical acoustic environments. The reason behind this has not been fully understood and further research on this matter is indispensable. In this paper, we treat a microphone array as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and study its signal-enhancement performance. Our major contribution is fourfold. First, we develop a general framework for analyzing performance of beamforming algorithms based on the acoustic MIMO channel impulse responses. Second, we study the bounds for the length of the beamforming filter, which in turn shows the performance bounds of beamforming in terms of speech dereverberation and interference suppression. Third, we address the connection between beamforming and the multiple-input/output inverse theorem (MINT). Finally, we discuss the intrinsic relationships among different classical beamforming techniques and explain, from the channel condition perspective, what the prerequisites are for those techniques to work. </para>
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Gypsetin, Deoxybrevianamide E, Brevianamide E, and Tryprostatin B: Novel Constructions of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A gradient descent implementation of adaptive pulse compression (2016)

Gradient descent is an iterative method of determining the minima or maxima of a function. The algorithm can be used to solve a linear system of equations when the computational cost of a matrix inverse is too expensive for an application. Here, gradient descent is applied to Adaptive Pulse Compression (APC), yielding the GraD-APC algorithm. Specifically, a unit-gain constrained version of GraD-APC with optimal step size is derived for use with frequency modulated (FM) waveforms, particularly for cases in which the waveform time-bandwidth product is large enough to prohibit practical use of the original matrix inverse based APC. The range-profile estimation of GraD-APC is compared to that of fully adaptive APC using both simulated and experimentally measured data.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN WASHINGTON, D.C. (1973)

The occurrence of RSV infection and disease was examined with respect to patient age, immunologic status, race and sex. The peak incidence of RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia was observed at 2 months of age. Thereafter the incidence of these diseases decreased with increasing age, more rapidly for bronchiolitis than for pneumonia. Each of 75 patients who had RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia during the first 3 months of life possessed neutralizing antibody in his serum during the acute phase of illness. In most instances the level of this antibody, presumably of maternal origin, was moderately high. In contrast, 15 of 57 infants who developed RSV bronchiolitis at 4–7 months of age lacked detectable antibody in their acute phase serum. This finding casts some doubt upon the essential role of serum antibody in RSV bronchiolitis. The serum CF antibody response to RSV was impaired in infants 1–3 months of age. The level of acute phase serum neutralizing antibody was inversely related to the height of the serum complement-fixation antibody response during convalescence, suggesting that maternally derived antibody may have suppressed the immunologic response of some infants. The clinical consequences of RSV infection in infancy did not appear to be influenced by race. The same proportion of males and females with respiratory tract disease yielded RSV; however, significantly more boys were admitted to the hospital for RSV pneumonia, bronchiolitis, croup and pharyngitis-bronchitis.
<title>Run-time reconfigurable 2D discrete wavelet transform using JBits</title> (2001)

With the growth in high performance multimedia applications, specialized hardware for certain tasks is desirable. While ASICs provide a solution addressing performance, they are unable to provide an optimal solution for a given problem instance. FPGAs can be used with run-time reconfiguration to dynamically customize a circuit. Optimizations leading to faster circuits and reduced logic can result. The paper discusses the implementation of a run-time parameterizable 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform core using the JBits tool suite. The motivation for such a core is discussed, as well the benefits afforded by dynamic circuit specialization.
Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology (2019)

Factors governing aerosol deposition and targeting in the lung - physiology of the airways, Anthony J. Hickey and David C. Thompson, pharmacology of therapeutic aerosols, David C. Thompson, targeting by deposition, Igor Gonda, drug targeting to the lung - chemical and biochemical considerations, Peter A. Crooks methods of generation, administration, and characterization of aerosols - theoretical principles and devices used to generate aerosols for research, Keng H. Leong, the design and development of inhalation drug delivery systems, Paul J. Atkins, et al, aerosol-filling equipment for the preparation of pressurized pack pharmaceutical formulations, Christophe Sirand, et al, methods of aerosol particle size characterization, Anthony J. Hickey, summary of common approaches to pharmaceutical aerosol administration, Anthony J. Hickey clinical aspects of aerosol administration and future perspectives - therapeutic aerosols - an overview from a clinical perspective, F. Charles Hiller, aerosolized pentamidine for treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, A. Bruce Montgomery, modulated drug therapy with inhalation aerosols, Ralph W. Niven.
Biliatresone treatment of pregnant mice causes changes in bile metabolism and liver inflammation in their offspring (2023)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims Biliary atresia is a neonatal disease characterized by bile duct and liver damage, fibrosis, inflammation and abnormal bile metabolism. It appears to result from a prenatal exposure that spares the mother and affects the fetus. Our aim was to define the phenotype in neonatal mice after maternal exposure to low-dose biliatresone, a plant toxin implicated in biliary atresia in livestock. Methods Pregnant mice were treated orally with low-doses of biliatresone. Histological changes, bile acid profiles and immune profiles were analyzed in postnatal day 5 and 21 pups born to treated mothers. Results The pups of mothers treated with this dose of biliatresone had no evidence of significant liver or ductular injury or fibrosis at postnatal day 5 or 21 and they grew normally. However, serum levels of glycocholic acid were elevated at postnatal day 5, suggesting altered bile metabolism, and bile metabolism became increasingly abnormal through postnatal day 21, with enhanced glycine conjugation of bile acids. There was also immune cell activation observed in the liver at postnatal day 21. Conclusion Prenatal exposure to low doses of an environmental toxin can cause liver inflammation and aberrant bile metabolism even in the absence of histological changes. Lay summary Prenatal exposure to low doses of an environmental toxin can cause changes in bile metabolism in neonatal mice.
Reinvention of Light Microscopy: Array Microscopy and Ultrarapidly Scanned Virtual Slides for Diagnostic Pathology and Medical Education (2005)

The electronic patient health record concept can be taken even further by expanding its scope to include patient healthcare-related education information. This might be accomplished by appending a personal electronic health education portfolio to each electronic health record. Tools would be developed to assist patientsin navigating between the information in their linked electronic health records and their personal health education portfolios. Using mass customization techniques, patient information could be continuously updated on an individualized basis. Another futuristic concept is the development of on-line patient self-evaluations. Patient proficiency testing could be used to evaluate the patient’s current capacity for self-help to manage his own healthcare in light of his health status, his environment, and other relevant information.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for left ventricle segmentation (2017)

Left ventricle (LV) segmentation is crucial for quantitative cardiac function analysis. Manual segmentation of the endocardium and epicardium is highly cumbersome; physicians limit delineation to the end-diastolic and end-systolic phases. A fully automated system could provide an analysis of cardiac morphology for all phases in a much shorter time. Most of the current LV segmentation methods are semi-automated and require error prone manual initialization. A fully-automated LV segmentation method would expedite the functional analysis of the LV, reduce subjectivity and improve patient experience. We automatically segment the LV wall in cardiac MRI images with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). This algorithm first calculates the probability of a pixel belonging to the LV wall or background and then generates a label based on those probabilities without manual initialization. We then compare these results to the results obtained with another DCNN initialization method using Gabor filters. With Gabor DCNN we obtain an accuracy of 0.97, specificity of 0.984, sensitivity of 0.841 and mean accuracy of 0.902. This shows that Gabor filters perform better than random filters in the DCNN for LV segmentation.
How cool is floating PV? A state-of-the-art review of floating PV's potential gain and computational fluid dynamics modeling to find its root cause (2023)

The noticeable rise in electricity demand, environmental concerns, and the intense land burden has led to installing PV systems on water bodies to create floating photovoltaic (FPV). Of all market niches, FPV is the one developing the fastest. Along with some of its well-documented merits comes a claim that FPV modules operate at a lower temperature than their ground-mounted counterparts (GPVs). This claim is essential due to the performance loss of PV modules at high operating temperatures. Some literature claims that FPVs are so well-cooled that they maintain around 10% higher efficiencies. However, this cooling is poorly quantified, and the root cause remains unclear in the industry. In this paper, an extensive review of all the latest published literature and white paper advertisements was analyzed. The gains in energy yield coming from different root causes range from 0.11% to 31.29%! This proves the point of lack of clarity of potential gain of FPV. The paper then analyses four possible explanations for this cooling effect and its root causes. The FPV performance parameters are isolated and systematically investigated through physics-based finite element modeling. The impacts of wind velocity, wind direction, water temperature, relative humidity, air temperature, proximity to water, tilt angle, and others are evaluated and explained. The outcomes dictate that FPV is cooled largely through wind convection. But the increase in efficiency is below the anticipated values, ranging from 0.5% to 3%.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA‐Directed Alkylating Agents. Part 4. 4‐Anilinoquinoline‐Based Minor Groove Directed Aniline Mustards. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Making air traffic surveillance more reliable: a new authentication framework for automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast (ADS‐B) based on online/offline identity‐based signature (2014)

Abstract Automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast is an emerging surveillance technology for the future “e‐enabled” aircrafts, which will make it possible for aircrafts to share their location data with neighboring aircrafts, ground controllers, and other interested parties. In order to provide the automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast communications with a high level of accuracy and integrity, a reliable authentication mechanism is required. So far, however, very few cryptographic solutions have been offered to achieve this in the literature. Even existing solutions have faced the following challenges: (i) the authentication solutions based on regular digital signature require complex management of public‐key infrastructureell; and (ii) signing messages exchanged or broadcast frequently in aircraft‐to‐aircraft and aircraft‐to‐ground communication modes can cause a computational bottleneck easily. In order to address these challenges, we take a fresh approach to building up an authentication framework by introducing a new online/offline identity‐based signature scheme. Our scheme will resolve the public‐key infrastructure management issue by using the identities of aircrafts as public keys and will achieve a high efficiency through online/offline signature generation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Users’ Beliefs in Text-Based Linguistic Interaction (2020)

Linguistic interaction between humans and machines is one of the most challenging fields in the development of next-generation User Interfaces. In this work, we investigate the role of beliefs about the interlocutor in human-computer linguistic interaction. First, we introduced an experimental setup that makes use of filtered and post-processed web content to generate a realistic, generic linguistic interaction. Then, we collected dialogues from two different sets α and β, corresponding to users being unaware or aware of the artificial nature of the interlocutor, respectively. The results thus obtained, analyzed using a standard t-test procedure (N=30), demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the two sets in some of the linguistic features selected, i.e., sentence length and the number of adjectives, providing further insights to expand some of the evidence previously found in the literature.
Antidepressive effects of the κ-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin A in a rat model of anhedonia (2012)

Salvinorin A (SalvA), the hallucinogenic derivative of the plant Salvia divinorum, is a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist that may also have antidepressant properties. Chronic mild stress (CMS) was applied to male and female Long-Evans rats to model anhedonia common in depression. The progressive loss in preference for a sucrose solution over plain water, a measure of anhedonia, and locomotor activity were monitored for 7 weeks. Because antidepressant medications often modify reproductive functions, endocrine glands and hormone-sensitive tissues were assessed at necropsy after the conclusion of the behavioral protocol. Three weeks of CMS exposure led to a decrease in sucrose preference. CMS was continued for 3 additional weeks and animals were randomly assigned to treatment with 1 mg SalvA/kg body weight or to a vehicle control group. The results indicate that SalvA reversed anhedonia whereas control animals continued to show a suppressed preference for the sucrose solution. In addition, no change in sucrose preference was observed in nonstressed rats that were exposed to the same dosage of SalvA. The results indicate that SalvA is an effective antidepressant agent when administered chronically to rats showing symptoms of depression similar to those observed in humans.
Differential free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1/GPR40) signalling is associated with gene expression or gelatinase granule release in bovine neutrophils (2016)

Fatty acids have been recognized as regulators of immune function in addition to their known metabolic role. Long-chain fatty acids bind free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)-1/GPR40, which is expressed on bovine neutrophils, and increase responses such as granule release and gene expression. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms governing the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IL-8, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 granule release in FFAR1/GPR40 agonist-stimulated neutrophils. Our results showed that natural (oleic and linoleic acid) and synthetic (GW9508) FFAR1/GPR40 agonists increased ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and Akt phosphorylation, and that the FFAR1/GPR40 antagonist GW1100 reduced these responses. We evaluated the levels of IκBα, a component of the classical activation pathway of the transcription factor NF-κB, and we observed IκBα reduction after stimulation with FFAR1/GPR40 agonists, an effect that was inhibited by GW1100 or the inhibitors UO126, SB203580 or LY294002. FFAR1/GPR40 agonists increased COX-2 and IL-8 expression, which was inhibited by GW1100 and an NF-κB inhibitor. Finally, the FFAR1/GPR40 agonist-induced MMP-9 granule release was reduced by GW1100 and UO126. In conclusion, FFAR1/GPR40 agonists differentially stimulate neutrophil functions; COX-2 and IL-8 are expressed after FFAR1/GPR40 activation via NF-κB, IκBα reduction is FFAR1/GPR40- and PI3K/MAPK-dependent, and MMP-9 granule release is FFAR1/GPR40- and ERK1/2-dependent.
Customized multiphotonics nanotools for bioapplications: soft organic nanodots as an eco-friendly alternative to quantum dots (2009)

Quantum dots have been shown to provide a particularly effective approach to bright nano-objects for bioimaging due to their unique optical properties, including their robust and size-dependent fluorescence. However these "hard" nanoparticles raised a number of questions related to toxicity, biocompatibility and/or environmental issues. In that context, we have developed a new class of "soft" fully organic alternative nanoparticles (i.e. organic nanodots). Our approach relies on the confinement of a large number of organic chromophores within spherical nano-objects of controlled size and structure, by embedding them within non-toxic and biocompatible dendrimeric architectures. This highly modular strategy yielded organic nanodots of different sizes, colors and nature (lipophilic and hydrophilic). In contrast with quantum dots (QDs), their emission color does not depend on their size, but only on the nature of their constituting chromophoric subunits and their relative arrangement. Several series of nanodots of few nanometers in diameter have been studied, exhibiting exceptional one and two-photon brightness and often outperforming the best quantum dots. Nanodots offer major promises for bio and nanophotonics.
Cripto regulates skeletal muscle regeneration and modulates satellite cell determination by antagonizing myostatin (2012)

Skeletal muscle regeneration mainly depends on satellite cells, a population of resident muscle stem cells. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying satellite cell activation is still largely undefined. Here, we show that Cripto, a regulator of early embryogenesis, is a novel regulator of muscle regeneration and satellite cell progression toward the myogenic lineage. Conditional inactivation of cripto in adult satellite cells compromises skeletal muscle regeneration, whereas gain of function of Cripto accelerates regeneration, leading to muscle hypertrophy. Moreover, we provide evidence that Cripto modulates myogenic cell determination and promotes proliferation by antagonizing the TGF-β ligand myostatin. Our data provide unique insights into the molecular and cellular basis of Cripto activity in skeletal muscle regeneration and raise previously undescribed implications for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Towards a circular economy for plastic packaging wastes – the environmental potential of chemical recycling (2020)

Plastic packaging waste faces increasingly stringent sustainability targets such as recycling rates of 55% imposed by the European Commission. To realize the vision of a circular economy, chemical recycling is advocated as a large-scale avenue to decrease fossil resource depletion and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this work, we develop a theoretical model for chemical recycling technologies assuming ideal performance. The theoretical model allows us to compute the minimal environmental impacts for chemical recycling technologies and compare them to real-case benchmark waste treatments. Thereby, we robustly identify chemical recycling technologies that will not result in environmental benefits, since their minimal environmental impacts are already higher than those of current benchmark waste treatments. In this way, we show that PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS should not be recycled chemically to refinery feedstock or fuel products and rather be treated by mechanical recycling and energy recovery in cement kilns in order to reduce global warming impacts. In contrast, chemical recycling to monomers or value-added products could potentially reduce global warming impacts compared to all benchmark waste treatments by up to 4.3 kg CO2-eq per kg treated PET packaging waste. By analyzing 75 waste treatment scenarios for 5 environmental impacts, our analysis offers guidance to stakeholders involved in chemical recycling to identify the most promising as well as the least promising chemical recycling technologies.