gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decline in telomerase activity as a measure of tumor cell killing by antineoplastic agents in vitro. (1997)

Telomerase activity is frequently associated with the malignant phenotype, and it can be considered an almost ubiquitous tumor marker. In this study, we evaluated telomerase activity in telomerase-positive human tumor cell lines exposed in vitro to antineoplastic agents. The results show that drug-induced cell killing of tumor cells is associated with a decline in detectable telomerase activity. The decrease of telomerase activity levels paralleled cell growth impairment evaluated by cell count or by measurement of cell ability to convert tetrazolium salt to colored formazan [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay]. The observed telomerase activity remaining after treatment with antineoplastic agents is most likely to reflect activity from the remaining viable cells. When tumor cell lines resistant to the chemotherapeutic agents temozolomide or doxorubicin were treated with these compounds, no decline of telomerase activity or cell growth was observed. The results of the present study indicate that resistance of neoplastic cells to chemotherapeutic agents can be monitored by following telomerase activity. Moreover, the test can be performed with a limited number of neoplastic cells, such as those frequently obtained from tumor biopsies. These findings provide a rationale for developing new in vitro chemosensitivity assays, and detection of telomerase activity may be a novel marker of chemotherapy failure.
Design and realization of a miniature spindle test setup with active magnetic bearings (2007)

In this paper, the design and realization of a magnetically levitated high speed spindle for micro machining is presented. This spindle is built to investigate various micro machining processes. The main application is milling with extremely small diameter tools. The micro milling tools have a diameter in the range of 0.1 mm. To improve the milling accuracy extremely high rotational speeds are required. The spindle presented in this research is built to reach speeds over 200,000 rpm. The spindle is equipped with two radial bearings, one axial bearing and a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The radial bearings consist of permanent magnet biased homopolar active magnetic bearings. The axial bearing consists of reluctance type actuators in a differential driving mode. The motor is a commercially available permanent magnet motor, able to reach speeds over 250,000 rpm. This spindle is part of a micro factory, which is built in this research program. The first test results are presented.
High-current field emission electron source using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode (2009)

A high current density field emission source with high brightness could have many applications in science, medicine and engineering. High field emission current densities have been demonstrated from a large-area, Ar-ion irradiated, reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode, in a triode configuration. The RVC cathode contains many small nanowires, <50nm in diameter, that serve as excellent field emission tips. The field modification generated by a voltage applied to a grid electrode placed around the cathode increases emission at a given cathode potential. This triode configuration is robust and inexpensive.
Advanced mask CD MTT correction technique through improvement of CD measurement repeatability of CD SEM (2010)

In this study, the method to achieve the precise CD MTT (critical dimension mean to target) correction in manufacturing attenuated PSM (phase-shift mask) is investigated. There has been a growing demand for more precise Mask CD MTT control in recent years. The CD correction method has been developed and applied to meet the tighter CD MTT specification [1]. However, the efficiency of the CD correction is greatly affected by the repeatability of the CD measurement. The factors, which can have an influence on the CD measurement, are the fluctuations of the pattern profile and the electron current of the SEM. The conventional CD MTT correction method is basically to correct MoSi CD MTT by applying the additional dry etch for MoSi based on Cr CD value. Therefore, the repeatability of the Cr CD MTT is the crucial point for the accuracy of the final CD MTT correction. Although the Cr CD MTT is the crucial factor for the successful CD MTT correction, it has the fluctuation due to the Cr pattern profile. If the Cr pattern profile has low patterned angle after MoSi etch process, it can cause the focusing error in the CD measurement using CD SEM. Therefore, a method to improve the reliability of the Cr CD MTT should be developed. The IS and the normalized Delta CD concepts are adopted to obtain more reliable Cr CD MTT. The IS refer the variation of the Cr CD MTT according to the difference in CD values with CD measuring thresholds. The normalized Delta CD is obtained from the correlation of IS and Delta CD. Finally, the normalized Delta CD is applied to correct the MoSi CD MTT by dry etch process. The reduction of the Cr CD MTT fluctuation range is achieved by using the new CD correlation process including IS and the normalized Delta CD. Consequently, the final MoSi CD MTT is improved 60% of range by using the new CD correlation process.
How Tall is that Bar Chart? Virtual Reality, Distance Compression and Visualizations (2021)

As VR technology becomes more available, VR applications will be increasingly used to present information visualizations. While data visualization in VR is an interesting topic, there remain questions about how effective or accurate such visualization can be. One known phenomenon with VR environments is that people tend to unconsciously compress or underestimate distances. However, it is unknown if or how this effect will alter the perception of data visualizations in VR. To this end, we replicate portions of Cleveland and McGill's foundational perceptual visualization studies, in VR. Through a series of three studies we find that distance compression does negatively affect estimations of actual lengths (heights of bars), but does not appear to impact relative comparisons. Additionally, by replicating the position-angle experiments, we find that (as with traditional 2D visualizations) people are better at relative length evaluations than relative angles. Finally, by looking at these open questions, we develop a series of best practices for performing data visualization in a VR environment.
Molecular detection identified a type six secretion system in Campylobacter jejuni from various sources but not from human cases (2015)

This study questions the role of the T6SS in human diarrhoeal disease. Moreover this study did not identify a clear association of Camp. jejuni isolates harbouring T6SS with any of the niches tested. Our study highlights the need to establish the role of the T6SS in environmental survival or virulence.
Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Recovery and Potency of Antioxidants in Oat Fiber (1998)

The inhibitory activities toward the lipoxygenase action on linoleic acid were quantified and compared from different fractions derived from oat fiber. Based on these findings, a suitable procedure that yields a fraction with the high inhibitory activity was developed. The unit operations of the procedure involve alkali aqueous extraction followed by pH adjustment and separations of insoluble fiber particles from soluble extracts. The inhibitory activity was most effectively extracted into the solution using an extraction media with pH 10. By relowering the pH of the alkali aqueous extract, the inhibitory activity could be collected as a precipitate. Such a fraction comprised 7.2% of the fiber dry matter. Compared to the untreated oat fiber, the inhibitory activity was purified 17-fold and the yield of the activity was 125%. Such a fraction had high protein (88% w/w) and lipid (12%) contents, whereas the carbohydrate content (3%) was low. Keywords: Oat fiber; dioxygenation; antioxidants; aqueous extract
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Workshop on Building analysis datasets and gathering experience returns for security (2012)

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 2012 ACM Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security -- BADGERS'12. The BADGERS workshop is intended to encourage the development of Internet-scale security-related data collection and analysis initiatives. As such, the workshop is positioned at the confluence of computer security and general purpose large-scale data processing and aims at bringing together researchers, practitioners, system administrators, and security analysts active in the emerging domain of security-related data collection and analysis for Internet-scale computer systems and networks. By giving visibility to existing solutions, the workshop promotes and encourages the better sharing of data and knowledge. I expect that the increasing availability of tools and techniques to process large-scale data (aka "Big Data") will benefit computer security. The call for papers attracted 7 submissions from Asia, Europe, and the United States, each of which received at least three reviews from the program committee. The 4 accepted papers cover a variety of topics, including Internet-wide intrusion detection and vulnerability analysis, probing using darknets, and residential privacy in location-based social networks. In addition, the program includes keynote speeches by Samuel Weber on challenges for Big Data privacy and security and by Peter Mell on Big Data technologies for security research, and two invited talks describing realworld experiences with Big Data in industrial research lab settings. I hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for security researchers and developers.
RNA canonical and non-canonical base pairing types: a recognition method and complete repertoire (2002)

The problem of systematic and objective identification of canonical and non-canonical base pairs in RNA three-dimensional (3D) structures was studied. A probabilistic approach was applied, and an algorithm and its implementation in a computer program that detects and analyzes all the base pairs contained in RNA 3D structures were developed. The algorithm objectively distinguishes among canonical and non-canonical base pairing types formed by three, two and one hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), as well as those containing bifurcated and C-H.X...H-bonds. The nodes of a bipartite graph are used to encode the donor and acceptor atoms of a 3D structure. The capacities of the edges correspond to probabilities computed from the geometry of the donor and acceptor groups to form H-bonds. The maximum flow from donors to acceptors directly identifies base pairs and their types. A complete repertoire of base pairing types was built from the detected H-bonds of all X-ray crystal structures of a resolution of 3.0 A or better, including the large and small ribosomal subunits. The base pairing types are labeled using an extension of the nomenclature recently introduced by Leontis and Westhof. The probabilistic method was implemented in MC-Annotate, an RNA structure analysis computer program used to determine the base pairing parameters of the 3D modeling system MC-Sym.
Advanced intermediate frequency zero-crossing detection of bandpass filtered MSK signals (2003)

Short range communication systems such as Bluetooth deploy Gaussian frequency shift keying modulation which has been derived from minimum shift keying (MSK). The authors present and analyze an improved zero-crossing detector for MSK signals called a zero-crossing decorrelation detector. The impact of bandlimitation is taken into account.
Small-signal modeling of high power HBTs using the scaling approach (2002)

A systematic scaling approach for the modeling of high-power/large-size HBTs is presented. The measured S-parameters of a three elementary-cell HBT are compared to those obtained with the scaled model and the commonly used lumped equivalent circuit model. It is shown that a better fit to the measured S parameters is obtained when the scaled model is used. The interconnections and parasitics between elementary cells are accounted for based on the actual footprint of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Delay-Aware Optimization Framework for Proportional Flow Delay Differentiation in Millimeter-Wave Backhaul Cellular Networks (2018)

The next generation of cellular networks (5G) will provide dense millimeter-wave backhaul architectures to wirelessly forward heterogeneous data traffic in a multihop fashion. In this paper, we present a general optimization framework for the design of delay-aware (DA) policies in multihop wireless networks, providing proportional prioritization of traffic. We develop three throughput-optimal DA algorithms (BP-DA, BPE-DA, and HD-DA) for joint dynamic routing and dynamic link-scheduling problems with good to optimal average network delay performance. Our DA framework considers both the classical back-pressure (BP) and the recent heat-diffusion (HD) algorithms, since queue back-pressure algorithms are being considered for mmWave backhauling management. We provide analytical results for the throughput-optimality of the proposed policies and average delay minimization of HD-DA within the class of DA policies. These are policies that make decisions at each timeslot based only on current channel state, current network queue sizes, and flow priorities. We discuss the applications of our proposals to backhaul management of mmWave cellular networks in light of recent works in the literature. Finally, we present extensive simulations of our proposed algorithms, which confirm the theoretical results and show how the algorithms effectively differentiate data traffic in terms of delay while satisfying flow rate requirements.
Acoustic Echo And Noise Control - A Long Lasting Challenge (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Effect of Biopolymer on the Dewatering Characteristics of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Sludges (2006)

Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion of sludge is known to produce poorly dewatering sludges. Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the reasons for the poor dewatering. It was found that, during digestion, proteins and polysaccharides were released into solution, and that these could be linked to the deterioration in dewatering. The biopolymer release was accompanied by an increase in the monovalent-to-divalent (M/D) cation ratio. The degree to which the M/D caused deterioration of the sludges depended on the presence of iron in sludge. When the iron content was high, the release of protein and polysaccharides was low. When iron was low, the release of protein and polysaccharides increased linearly with the M/D ratio. The dose of conditioning chemicals, cationic polymer or ferric chloride, was related to the amount of colloidal biopolymer present in solution. The findings suggest that the addition of iron during the digestion process has the potential to produce better dewatering sludges.
Insights into the rich polymorphism of the Na+ ion conductor Na3PS4 from the perspective of variable-temperature diffraction and spectroscopy (2021)

Solid electrolytes are crucial for next generation solid state batteries and Na3PS4 is one of the most promising Na+ conductors for such applications. In this contribution, we present a detailed investigation of the evolution in structure and dynamics of Na3PS4 under the effect of temperature in the range 30 < T < 600 °C through combined experimental-computational analysis. Although x ray Bragg diffraction experiments indicate a second order phase transition from the tetragonal ground state (α, P-421c) to the cubic polymorph (β, I-43m), pair distribution function analysis in real space and Raman spectroscopy indicate remnants of tetragonal character in the range 250 < T < 500 °C which we attribute to dynamic local tetragonal distortions. The first order phase transition to the mesophasic high temperature polymorph (γ, Fddd) is associated with a sharp volume increase and the onset of liquid like diffusive dynamics for sodium-cations (translative) and thiophosphate-polyanions (rotational) evident by inelastic neutron- and Raman- spectroscopies, as well as pair-distribution function and molecular dynamics. These results shed light on the rich polymorphism in Na3PS4 and are relevant for a host of high performance materials deriving from the Na3PS4 structural archetype.
Replicating the Structure of a Crosslinked Polyferrocenylsilane Inverse Opal in the Form of a Magnetic Ceramic (2002)

Crosslinked polyferrocenylsilane inverse opals have been prepared by the thermal ring-opening polymerization of spirocyclic [1]silaferrocenophanes confined within the interstitial void spaces of silica crystal colloidal templates. These organometallic polymer inverse opals were converted to magnetic ceramic replicas through pyrolysis at 900 °C in high yields.
Compressed Gas Solvent Based Electrolytes for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices (2015)

The use of fluorinated compressed gas solvent based electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage devices is explored. These solvents have the potential to offer batteries and electrochemical double-layer capacitors significantly improved properties including higher voltage, higher power and wider operating temperature range. A thorough study of the conductivity and potential window behavior of a number of electrolytes has been done as well as exploration into the chemical reduction of these solvents. Using these data, both battery and electrochemical double-layer capacitor devices were fabricated. The devices show exceptional behavior down to -70 °C with equal or improved energy densities. These results warrant a much wider exploration of the use of these solvents in next generation electrochemical energy storage devices
Noninvasive elasticity imaging in small vessels: validation on tissue-mimicking phantoms (2004)

Non-invasive ultrasound elastography (NIVE) was recently introduced to characterize mechanical properties of superficial arteries. In this paper, the feasibility of NIVE for the purpose of studying small vessels in humans and small animals is investigated. The experiments were performed <i>in vitro </i>on vessel-mimicking phantoms of 1.5-mm lumen diameter and 1.5-mm wall thickness. Polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C) was used to create double layer vessel walls. The stiffness of the interior portion of the vessels was made softer. The vessels were insonified at 32 MHz with an ultrasound biomicroscope. Radial stress was applied within the lumen of the phantom by applying incremental static pressure steps with a column of a flowing mixture of water-glycerol. The Lagrangian speckle tissue model estimator was used to assess the 2D-strain tensor, and the composite Von Mises elastograms were then computed. The two-layer vessel walls were clearly identifiable. Strain values close to 3% were measured for the interior portion, whereas strains around 1% were noted for the stiffer outside layer. In conclusion, the feasibility of NIVE for small vessel elasticity imaging was demonstrated <i>in vitro</i>.
Performance Benchmarking of a Novel Magnet-Free Bearingless Synchronous Reluctance Slice Motor (2020)

This paper presents a novel bearingless synchronous reluctance slice motor topology that contains no permanent magnets. The rotor with two iron poles and flux barriers is levitated and rotated through a stator winding system with six coils wired as two three-phase systems. A constant rotor-oriented magnetization current is applied to generate a magnetic bias flux. The system can be controlled similar to a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous slice motor and provides passive stabilization of axial and tilting movements of the rotor. The motor topology is discussed in detail and a prototype implementation is presented. Its performance with regard to passive properties, achievable torque, controllability, and wide air gap suitability is benchmarked against two other designs that contain permanent magnets either in the rotor or the stator. A loss analysis of all topologies is performed and suitable application areas are identified. The proposed design provides an interesting alternative to existing bearingless slice motor topologies in applications that require high rotational speeds, high process or ambient temperatures, or a disposable low-cost rotor with short exchange intervals.
PCR-based detection of Bacillus anthracis using an integrated microfluidic platform (2011)

A highly-integrated PCR-based detection system has been developed for the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria. Nanofabricated fluidic cartridges were used to carry out SYBR Green-based fluorogenic PCR assays for the detection of Bacillus anthracis which incorporated the chromosomal BA813 locus as the target for amplification. Real-time PCR assay conditions and operating parameters were optimised to increase detection sensitivity. Optimisation of the system resulted in the detection of as few as 40 B. anthracis colony forming units (CFU) with an average time to detection of 60 min, inclusive of DNA purification and PCR amplification, and a dynamic range of 40 to 400,000 CFU. Real-time fluorescence curves were analysed using a simplified mathematical method to determine threshold cycle (Ct) values with comparable results to a statistically-based analysis algorithm. These results support the utility of the system for rapid, sensitive detection of B. anthracis as well as potential for quantitative determination of target cell concentration.
Combination Therapy with UV-4B and Molnupiravir Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Suppression (2023)

The host targeting antiviral, UV-4B, and the RNA polymerase inhibitor, molnupiravir, are two orally available, broad-spectrum antivirals that have demonstrated potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 as monotherapy. In this work, we evaluated the effectiveness of UV-4B and EIDD-1931 (molnupiravir's main circulating metabolite) combination regimens against the SARS-CoV-2 beta, delta, and omicron BA.2 variants in a human lung cell line. Infected ACE2 transfected A549 (ACE2-A549) cells were treated with UV-4B and EIDD-1931 both as monotherapy and in combination. Viral supernatant was sampled on day three when viral titers peaked in the no-treatment control arm, and levels of infectious virus were measured by plaque assay. The drug-drug effect interaction between UV-4B and EIDD-1931 was also defined using the Greco Universal Response Surface Approach (URSA) model. Antiviral evaluations demonstrated that treatment with UV-4B plus EIDD-1931 enhanced antiviral activity against all three variants relative to monotherapy. These results were in accordance with those obtained from the Greco model, as these identified the interaction between UV-4B and EIDD-1931 as additive against the beta and omicron variants and synergistic against the delta variant. Our findings highlight the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of UV-4B and EIDD-1931 combination regimens, and present combination therapy as a promising therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2.