gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of Decamethylferrocene and Decamethylferrocenium Hexafluorophosphate in Supercritical Trifluoromethane (2004)

The diffusion coefficients of decamethylferrocene (Fe(Cp*)2) and decamethylferrocenium hexafluorophosphate (Fe(Cp*)2PF6) in supercritical trifluoromethane (CHF3) were measured at a temperature of 323.15 K, as a function of density, with tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) as the supporting electrolyte, using a voltammetric technique on a platinum microelectrode. The diffusion in subcritical CHF3 was also studied, to analyze the differences in the behavior of both solutes in the low- and high-density regions. Application of the Oldham, Cardwell, Santos, and Bond theory allowed the effect of ion pairing on the limiting current to be considered. The density dependence of the diffusion coefficients of the different species has been discussed on the basis of the continuum hydrodynamic model and the clustering of solvent around solute molecules in the low-density supercritical region. The predictions of the compressible continuum model for the case of the diffusion of the free ions and the ion pair also have been discussed.
Self-Supervised Learning of Point Clouds via Orientation Estimation (2020)

Point clouds provide a compact and efficient representation of 3D shapes. While deep neural networks have achieved impressive results on point cloud learning tasks, they require massive amounts of manually labeled data, which can be costly and time-consuming to collect. In this paper, we leverage 3D self-supervision for learning downstream tasks on point clouds with fewer labels. A point cloud can be rotated in infinitely many ways, which provides a rich label-free source for self-supervision. We consider the auxiliary task of predicting rotations that in turn leads to useful features for other tasks such as shape classification and 3D keypoint prediction. Using experiments on ShapeNet and ModelNet, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art. Moreover, features learned by our model are complementary to other self-supervised methods and combining them leads to further performance improvement.
Prostanoid receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.2 (2021)

Prostanoid receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Prostanoid Receptors [694]) are activated by the endogenous ligands prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2 , PGF2α, PGH2, prostacyclin [PGI2] and thromboxane A2. Differences and similarities between human and rodent prostanoid receptor orthologues, and their specific roles in pathophysiologic conditions are reviewed in [448]. Measurement of the potency of PGI2 and thromboxane A2 is hampered by their instability in physiological salt solution; they are often replaced by cicaprost and U46619, respectively, in receptor characterization studies.
NFAT5 expression in bone marrow-derived cells enhances atherosclerosis and drives macrophage migration (2012)

We have identified NFAT5 in BM-derived cells as a positive regulator of atherosclerotic lesion formation and macrophage function in the vasculature.
Poly(ethylene glycol) Embedded Potassium Tribromide (PEG.KBr3) as a Recyclable Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols (2011)

An efficient metal free polyethylene glycol wrapped potassium tribromide [PEG.KBr3] has been developed for the first time by using host−guest chemistry. The prepared reagent is found to be an efficient, stable, cost-effective, and recyclable catalyst for the oxidation of a variety of primary, secondary, 1,2 diols, and α-hydroxy to the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, and 1,2-diketones respectively, in high to excellent yields by using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
SKF 104353, a high affinity antagonist for human and guinea pig lung leukotriene D4 receptor, blocked phosphatidylinositol metabolism and thromboxane synthesis induced by leukotriene D4. (1987)

SKF 104353 (2(S)-hydroxyl-3(R)-carboxyethylthio)-3-[2-(8-phenyloctyl) phenyl] propanoic acid) is a synthetic structural analog of leukotrienes D4 and E4 (LTD4, LTE4). This compound binds to guinea pig and human lung LTD4 receptors with affinities (Ki) of 5 +/- 2 and 10 +/- 3 nM, respectively. The Ki values of a reference compound, FPL 55712, were 2200 and 4500 nM, respectively, approximately 400- and 500-fold less effective than SKF 104353. LTD4- and LTE4-induced biosynthesis of thromboxane B2 has been shown to be mediated by LTD4 receptors in guinea pig lung in vitro. SKF 104353 did not induce synthesis of TxB2 in this system at concentrations of 1-20 microM. When SKF 104353 and increasing concentrations of LTD4 were incubated with guinea pig lung, the dose response curve of LTD4-induced TxB2 biosynthesis was shifted to the right with a -log[KB] = 8.4 +/- 0.2. LTD4-induced phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis in guinea pig lung has been shown to be the major signal transduction mechanism. In this system, SKF 104353 (1-20 microM) did not promote PI hydrolysis. Pretreatment of the [3H]myo-inositol-labeled guinea pig lung with SKF 104353 shifted the LTD4-induced PI hydrolysis dose response curve to the right, indicating that SKF 104353 inhibited LTD4 receptor-mediated intracellular second messenger formation. These results demonstrate that SKF 104353 is a high affinity, specific LTD4 receptor antagonist. It inhibited LTD4-induced PI hydrolysis and TxB2 biosynthesis in guinea pig lung. SKF 104353 may prove to be an important research tool for research on the activities of leukotrienes and of value therapeutically in the treatment of leukotriene-mediated diseases.
Continuous manufacturing – the Green Chemistry promise? (2019)

Continuous manufacturing and Green Chemistry, are two promising approaches to synthesis with underutilized potential that are gaining traction by the wider pharmaceutical community. We review Green Chemistry advances resulting when transitioning to continuous manufacturing with focus on Green Chemistry elements inherent in flow chemistry and related separation processes. Case studies of continuous manufacturing represented by the F3 (Flexible, Fast, and Future) project, cGPM manufacturing at Eli Lilly, and the MIT pharmaceuticals on demand projects provide examples of Green Chemistry advances realised. Throughout the review, Green Chemistry advances are identified in terms of the pertinent principles of Green Chemistry. A count of the occurrences of the different principles of Green Chemistry reveals that the principle of prevention greatly overshadows all other principles.
Why Do Sulfone-Containing Polymer Photocatalysts Work So Well for Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution from Water? (2022)

Many of the highest-performing polymer photocatalysts for sacrificial hydrogen evolution from water have contained dibenzo[<i>b</i>,<i>d</i>]thiophene sulfone units in their polymer backbones. However, the reasons behind the dominance of this building block are not well understood. We study films, dispersions, and solutions of a new set of solution-processable materials, where the sulfone content is systematically controlled, to understand how the sulfone unit affects the three key processes involved in photocatalytic hydrogen generation in this system: light absorption; transfer of the photogenerated hole to the hole scavenger triethylamine (TEA); and transfer of the photogenerated electron to the palladium metal co-catalyst that remains in the polymer from synthesis. Transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements, combined with molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations, show that the sulfone unit has two primary effects. On the picosecond timescale, it dictates the thermodynamics of hole transfer out of the polymer. The sulfone unit attracts water molecules such that the average permittivity experienced by the solvated polymer is increased. We show that TEA oxidation is only thermodynamically favorable above a certain permittivity threshold. On the microsecond timescale, we present experimental evidence that the sulfone unit acts as the electron transfer site out of the polymer, with the kinetics of electron extraction to palladium dictated by the ratio of photogenerated electrons to the number of sulfone units. For the highest-performing, sulfone-rich material, hydrogen evolution seems to be limited by the photogeneration rate of electrons rather than their extraction from the polymer.
Learning Structures of Negations from Flat Annotations (2015)

We propose a novel method to learn negation expressions in a specialized (medical) domain. In our corpus, negations are annotated as 'flat' text spans. This allows for some infelicities in the mark-up of the ground truth, making it less than perfectly aligned with the underlying syntactic structure. Nonetheless, the negations thus captured are correct in intent, and thus potentially valuable. We succeed in training a model for detecting the negated predicates corresponding to the annotated negations, by re-mapping the corpus to anchor its 'flat' annotation spans into the predicate argument structure. Our key idea-re-mapping the negation instance spans to more uniform syntactic nodes-makes it possible to re-frame the learning task as a simpler one, and to leverage an imperfect resource in a way which enables us to learn a high performance model. We achieve high accuracy for negation detection overall, 87%. Our re-mapping scheme can be constructively applied to existing flatly annotated resources for other tasks where syntactic context is vital.
<title>Recent advances in femtosecond laser technology: capabilities and limits</title> (1995)

In the past five years, there has been a revolution in the field of ultrafast laser technology. Femtosecond lasers are now simple and turn-key, with output powers orders of magnitude higher than were available only a decade ago. Nonlinear frequency conversion techniques can be used to generate femtosecond pulses through the visible and infrared, and high field effects allow this range to be extended to the far-IR and x-ray regions of the spectrum. New measurement techniques have also been devised, which can extract the complete waveform of a femtosecond pulse, allowing the complete determiniation of both the amplitude and phase of pulses as short as only a few optical cycles. Finally, the pulse generation mechanisms close to the fundamental limits of operation of these systems have been understood.
Transient CFD Heat Transfer Simulation Model of Air-Cooled Battery Packs (2020)

Battery packs can be used to provide emergency during power outages to allow ride-through until restoration of backup power or alternatively, provide sufficient uptime allow the system to backup or save data and records and a safe shutdown. Using battery packs also contributes to more robust power design and higher immunity to power disturbance. Heat transfer in each battery cell as well battery packs remains a challenge because of the complex multi-physics phenomenon and heat transfer paths. temperatures rise with heat generated during both charging and discharging processes. A validated transient heat model can enable real-time temperature monitoring as well achieve better battery thermal management. A full flow and thermal transient simulation was built to investigate the heat transfer phenomenon during the discharging of forced air-cooled battery packs. This transient model is verified with experimental testing and could provide temperature predictions of air-cooled battery packs various battery powers and working conditions.
Ultrashort courses of adjuvant breast radiotherapy (2011)

In accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), the most commonly used fractionation schemes include 340 or 385 centigrays delivered in a twice daily administration. A further progression of the APBI literature has been the recent interest in extremely short courses of adjuvant radiotherapy, usually delivered by intraoperative radiotherapy techniques. This newer area of single-fraction radiotherapy approaches remains highly contentious. In particular, the recently reported TARGIT trial has been the subject of both praise and scorn, and a critical examination of the trial data and the underlying hypotheses is warranted. Short-term outcomes of the related Italian ELIOT approach have also been reported. Although the assumptions of linear quadratic formalism are likely to hold true in the range of 2 to 8 grays, equating different schedules beyond this range is problematic. A major problem of current single-fraction approaches is that the treatment doses are chosen empirically, or are based on tolerability, or on the physical dose delivery characteristics of the chosen technology rather than radiobiological rationale. This review article summarizes the current data on ultrashort courses of adjuvant breast radiotherapy and highlights both the promise and the potential pitfalls of the abbreviated treatment.
Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO - A Survey (2016)

Hybrid multiple-antenna transceivers, which combine large-dimensional analog pre/postprocessing with lower-dimensional digital processing, are the most promising approach for reducing the hardware cost and training overhead in massive MIMO systems. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the various incarnations of such structures that have been proposed in the literature. We provide a taxonomy in terms of the required channel state information (CSI), namely whether the processing adapts to the instantaneous or the average (second-order) CSI; while the former provides somewhat better signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SNIR), the latter has much lower overhead for CSI acquisition. We furthermore distinguish hardware structures of different complexities. Finally, we point out the special design aspects for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies.
Structure-activity correlations of melanotropin peptides in model lipids by tryptophan fluorescence studies (1993)

Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were employed in the study of the structure and interactions of alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) and its analogs, [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH (MSH-I) and Ac-[Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10]-alpha-MSH(4-10)-NH2 (MSH-II). In aqueous buffer, the fluorescence parameters of the single tryptophan of alpha-MSH and MSH-I were similar and did not allow any distinction between these molecules. On the other hand, the tryptophan fluorescence of MSH-II was notably different, reflecting its cyclic lactam turn structure. In the presence of acidic lipid vesicles, the fluorescence properties of the peptides were different, indicating structural changes on incorporation of the peptide into the liquid-crystalline phase of the lipid. No evidence of interaction was observed in the presence of the neutral lipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). The association constants for lipid-peptide interactions were compared for binding isotherms which either neglected or accounted for electrostatic effects through Gouy-Chapman potential functions. The relative order of association constants in either treatment was MSH-II > MSH-I > alpha-MSH. These results parallel the reported biological activities that show increased potencies and prolongation of response for the analogs, MSH-II and MSH-I, as compared to the native hormone, alpha-MSH. Time-resolved fluorescence results showed that the fluorescence decay of melanotropins is best described by triple-exponential kinetics. In the lipid-peptide complex, there was a change in the relative concentrations of the components, with the intermediate-lifetime component predominating compared to those in solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lighting gel filters as an alternative for low-cost optical system design in point-of-care applications (2021)

Optical characterization of lighting gel filters demonstrates their viability as low-cost alternatives to dielectric and colored glass filters, with the potential for significant advantage in fluorescence and point-of-care diagnostics applications.
Fluorescence Tags-Based Inspection of Barrier Coatings for Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Polymer Packages (2008)

Yadong Zhang, Yu-Zhong Zhang , David C. Miller, Jacob A. Bertrand, Ronggui Yang, Martin L. Dunn, Steven M. George and Y. C. Lee DARPA Center for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biochemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 Invitrogen/Molecular Probes, Inc. Eugene, OR 97402
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Exposure with Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated (rurioctocog alfa pegol) and Other Parenteral Therapies Indicated for the Pediatric Population: History and Safety (2018)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an inert, water soluble polymer, used for decades in pharmaceuticals. Although PEG is considered safe, concerns persist about the potential adverse effects of long-term exposure to PEG-containing therapies, specifically in children, following the introduction of PEGylated recombinant factor products used for the treatment of hemophilia. Given the absence of long-term surveillance data, and to evaluate the potential risk, we estimated PEG exposure in the pediatric population receiving US Food and Drug Administration-approved parenteral therapies with pediatric indications. We used a range of pediatric weights and doses based on prescribing information (PI) or treatment guidelines. PIs and reporting websites were searched for information about adverse events (AEs). For a child weighing 50 kg on the highest prophylactic dose of a FVIII product, the range of total PEG exposure was 40&amp;ndash;21,840 mg/year; for FIX products, the range was 13&amp;ndash;1342 mg/year; and for other products, the range was 383&amp;ndash;26,743 mg/year, primarily as a derivative excipient. No AE patterns attributable to PEG were found for any of these products, including potential renal, neurological, or hepatic AEs. Our analyses suggest the pediatric population has had substantial exposure to PEG for several decades, with no evidence of adverse consequences.
Pyridines via solid-supported [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization (2006)

The formation of pyridines via a crossed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition has been achieved on a solid-support for the first time.
Cadaver Computed Tomography as a Tool for Teaching Anatomy: an Update (2010)

Cadaver dissection has been the mainstay of anatomy instruction. However, advances in clinical imaging have made familiarity with cross‐sectional anatomy crucial. Additionally, clinical relevance in the preclinical curriculum is key in generating student enthusiasm. In order to facilitate these goals, high resolution computed tomography was performed on all cadavers used in gross anatomy. Multiplanar and 3D reconstructions were performed on 50 cadavers over two years. Specific reconstructions of skeletal, aerodigestive, and vascular systems were done, as well as any anatomic variants or postsurgical changes. The CT scans were read by a radiologist. Students were given access to all of the studies and instructed on how to use a DICOM viewer. CT images were included on the examinations. Student groups were required to identify a structure of interest in their cadaver, research the clinical significance of this finding, and illustrate the finding with a CT image. Introducing the principles of imaging early in medical school may facilitate the transfer of knowledge from the dissection laboratory to its clinical application. The ability to identify anatomic variants and pathology a priori allows for focused dissection in select cadavers. We have found cadaver computed tomography to be a valuable addition to traditional dissection in teaching anatomy.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Nonclinical Development of Next-generation Site-specific HER2-targeting Antibody–drug Conjugate (ARX788) for Breast Cancer Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4 illustrates clinical chemistry changes in ALT and AST levels in male and female monkeys after repeat dose administration of ARX788. ARX788 was administered by intravenous infusion to cynomolgus monkeys at doses of 3.3 mg/kg/dose, 10 mg/kg/dose, or 15 mg/kg/dose once every 3 weeks for 4 total doses. The control group was administered placebo on the same repeat dose schedule. The animals treated with 15 mg/kg/dose did not receive the third and fourth doses due to unexpected mortality and toxicity observed after the second dose. ALT levels in male (A) and female (B) monkeys, and AST levels in male (C) and female (D) monkeys, were measured before dosing and at multiple time points throughout the study.&lt;/p&gt;
Silicon Photonic Transceiver Circuits With Microring Resonator Bias-Based Wavelength Stabilization in 65 nm CMOS (2014)

Photonic interconnects are a promising technology to meet the bandwidth demands of next-generation high-performance computing systems. This paper presents silicon photonic transceiver circuits for a microring resonator-based optical interconnect architecture in a 1 V standard 65 nm CMOS technology. The transmitter circuits incorporate high-swing ( 2V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> and 4V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> ) drivers with nonlinear pre-emphasis and automatic bias-based tuning for resonance wavelength stabilization. An optical forwarded-clock adaptive inverter-based transimpedance amplifier (TIA) receiver trades off power for varying link budgets by employing an on-die eye monitor and scaling the TIA supply for the required sensitivity. At 5 Gb/s operation, the 4V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> transmitter achieves 12.7 dB extinction ratio with 4.04 mW power consumption, excluding laser power, when driving wire-bonded modulators designed in a 130 nm SOI process, while a 0.28 nm tuning range is obtained at 6.8 μW/GHz efficiency with the bias-based tuning scheme implemented with the 2V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> transmitter. When tested with a wire-bonded 150 fF p-i-n photodetector, the receiver achieves -9 dBm sensitivity at a BER=10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> and consumes 2.2 mW at 8 Gb/s. Testing with an on-die test structure emulating a low-capacitance waveguide photodetector yields 17 μA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> sensitivity at 10 Gb/s and more than 40% power reduction with higher input current levels.
The Intrinsic Durability of Aortic Valve ECM in Absence of Cellular Maintenance (2008)

In the last two decades, decellularized native aortic valve (AV) has been investigated as tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) replacements due to their potential to develop into a viable valve.[1] Decellularization removes major immunogenic cellular components. After repopulated with recipient’s cells, TEHV can be readily used because of the necessary functional design.[2] However, several problems with this approach have been identified, such as insufficient cell infiltration, mechanical deterioration, formation of fibrous sheath on implantation, and reduced orifice area after surgery.[3]
Micro Capillary Flow of Magnetic Fluid and Flow Control using Magnetic Field (2006)

This paper reports the experimental research on micro-visualization of the growth process of cluster formation of ferromagnetic nano-particles in a water-based magnetic fluid on micro capillary flow. The purpose of this research is to observe the characteristics of primary clusters in micro capillary flow. The thermal behaviour of ferromagnetic nano-particles in micro capillary flow was observed through micro-visualization using the optical dark-field microscope system and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) data processing system. Real-time visualization of primary clusters in a water-based magnetic fluid on micro capillary flow was carried out. Furthermore, the effect of magnetic field on the mixing process of using a water-based magnetic fluid in micro capillary flow was investigated.