gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Narrow Excitonic Lines in Core–Shell Nanorods With InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells Intersected by Basal Stacking Faults (2019)

Individual core–shell GaN nanorods (NRs) with InGaN quantum wells (QWs), lying in non‐polar, semi‐polar, and polar planes, are investigated by micro‐photoluminescence ( μ ‐PL) spectroscopy. Complementary transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal the presence of basal stacking faults (BSFs), which intersect the QWs. Narrow peaks of excitonic emission were detected at the NR tips, where the BSFs can both cross the semi‐polar QWs and penetrate through the thick polar well. In the NRs without the polar wells, the peaks appear in the blue spectral range only, while in the NRs with such wells, the peaks also appear in the green spectral range. Polarization resolved μ ‐PL measurements reveal the scattering of linear polarization degree among the narrow peaks, as well as among individual NRs, although the dominant polarization of the narrow lines was normal to the NR axis. In general, these findings are consistent with the origination of the narrow excitonic lines from the intersections of the BSFs with QWs of different types.
Imatinib mesylate impairs Flt3L-mediated dendritic cell expansion and antitumor effects in vivo (2004)

Appel et al[1][1] reported in January that the paradigmatic KIT, PDGFR, ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (STI571/Gleevec), known to induce potent antitumor effects in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, acts on nonmalignant hematopoietic cells,
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of 1‐(2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl)‐5‐ phenyluracil and ‐5‐benzyluracyl. Synthesis and Biological Properties. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Criteria for the development of social responsibility in future officers of the national guard of the Russian Federation (2020)

This article examines the key problem of the modern educational paradigm the problem of personal development. The author highlights several contradictions in this problem, one of which is the definition of development criteria. According to the author, the fundamental quality of a person is its social responsibility. The problem of social responsibility in society is now recognized by many as a potential danger to humanity, which is confirmed by the activity in the framework of research in this area. Therefore, the concept of social responsibility of the individual as a phenomenon in science has developed quite steadily. A serious problem of social responsibility is in the sphere of professional activity. You can often hear the following concepts: social responsibility of a doctor, social responsibility of a teacher, social responsibility of a scientist, social responsibility of a business, etc. However, the current socio-political situation forces us to talk about the social responsibility of the military. The analysis of scientific research shows that social responsibility is poorly developed among military personnel. The specifics of military professional activity of a serviceman require the development of their own criteria for evaluating its development. The analysis of the military professional activity of the future officer indicates the need to consider social responsibility in this category of persons from the position of its three criteria: attitude to activity, attitude to other people, attitude to oneself. This hypothesis was tested and proved as a result of the research. The study was conducted in three stages. At the first stage, a number of personal characteristics were identified that relate to the social responsibility of the individual. At the second stage, an expert survey was conducted to determine the level of manifestation of signs of social responsibility in a group of cadets with a high level of social responsibility. The final step was the factor analysis procedure, the results of which established that a high level of social responsibility of personality of future officer equally determine all three of its criteria: attitude to activity, attitude to other people, attitude to oneself.
PeMoZa submission to TAC 2008 (2008)

In this paper we describe the PeMoZa system participating to the fourth Recognizing of Textual Entailment (RTE) challenge. The major novelties with respect to our systems of the RTE3 challenge is the exploration on combining different data sets, coming from different challenges and from automatically acquired corpora.
AGO2 promotes tumor progression in KRAS-driven mouse models of non–small cell lung cancer (2021)

Lung cancer is the deadliest malignancy in the United States. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of cases and is frequently driven by activating mutations in the gene encoding the KRAS GTPase (e.g., <i>KRASG12D</i>). Our previous work demonstrated that Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-a component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-physically interacts with RAS and promotes its downstream signaling. We therefore hypothesized that AGO2 could promote <i>KRASG12D</i>-dependent NSCLC in vivo. To test the hypothesis, we evaluated the impact of <i>Ago2</i> knockout in the <i>KPC</i> (<i>LSL-Kras</i><sup><i>G12D/+</i></sup><i>;p53</i><sup><i>f/f</i></sup><i>;Cre</i>) mouse model of NSCLC. In KPC mice, intratracheal delivery of adenoviral Cre drives lung-specific expression of a stop-floxed <i>KRASG12D</i> allele and biallelic ablation of <i>p53</i> Simultaneous biallelic ablation of floxed <i>Ago2</i> inhibited KPC lung nodule growth while reducing proliferative index and improving pathological grade. We next applied the <i>KP</i><sup><i>Het</i></sup><i>C</i> model, in which the Clara cell-specific <i>CCSP</i>-driven Cre activates <i>KRASG12D</i> and ablates a single <i>p53</i> allele. In these mice, <i>Ago2</i> ablation also reduced tumor size and grade. In both models, <i>Ago2</i> knockout inhibited ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in tumor cells, indicating impaired KRAS signaling. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of <i>KPC</i> nodules and nodule-derived organoids demonstrated impaired canonical KRAS signaling with <i>Ago2</i> ablation. Strikingly, accumulation of pERK in KPC organoids depended on physical interaction of AGO2 and KRAS. Taken together, our data demonstrate a pathogenic role for AGO2 in KRAS-dependent NSCLC. Given the prevalence of this malignancy and current difficulties in therapeutically targeting KRAS signaling, our work may have future translational relevance.
Toremifene – a promising therapy for the prevention of prostate cancer and complications of androgen deprivation therapy (2006)

Deregulation of the estrogen axis in humans prompts a series of tissue-specific events. In the breast and prostate, alterations in estrogen signalling lead to genotypic and phenotypic molecular alterations that result in dysplastic cellular appearance, deregulated cell growth and carcinoma. In bone, decreased estrogen leads to increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, decreased bone mineral density and a significant fracture risk. Toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that exerts pharmacological activity in the breast, bone and prostate. An intense interest in developing this agent for prostate cancer chemoprevention is based on the reduction of premalignant and malignant prostate lesions in a transgenic model of prostate cancer. Biological and clinical activity was demonstrated in Phase II trials by the prevention of progression to prostate cancer in men with high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and through suppression of bone turnover biomarkers and increased bone mineral density in men on androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.
Supplementary Figure A from Coordinated Regulation of Cell Cycle Transcripts by p53-Inducible microRNAs, miR-192 and miR-215 (2023)

Supplementary Figure A from Coordinated Regulation of Cell Cycle Transcripts by p53-Inducible microRNAs, miR-192 and miR-215
A 10MHz piezoresistive MEMS resonator with high Q (2006)

A novel bulk mode MEMS resonator is presented where mechanical motion is detected using the piezoresistive properties of Si. The piezoresistive readout allows for a high transduction efficiency. The transconductance g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> obtained in this manner can be many times higher than the admittance Ym obtained in MEMS resonators that use capacitive read-out. By means of a small signal model it is shown that the transconductance is insensitive to geometric scaling, which allows for the realization of miniature high frequency MEMS resonators and oscillators without performance reduction. The piezoresistive detection method is experimentally validated using a 10MHz bulk acoustic mode resonator processed on SOI. Even for a transduction gap as large as 1.3 mum, it is shown that the transconductance can be as high as 90 muS combined with a Q-factor of 125.000.
auctions (theory) (2008)

Auction theory has undergone two waves of innovation. The first, which originated with Vickrey (1961) and was completed in the early 1980s, focused on single-item auctions. Results included: guiding principles such as revenue equivalence; the derivation of the optimal auction; and comparisons of first-price, second-price and English auctions. The second, influenced by Treasury and spectrum auctions, emerged in the 1990s and dealt particularly with multi-item auctions. Research has studied: static auctions, including pay-as-bid and uniform-price auctions; dynamic auctions such as simultaneous ascending and clock auctions; combinatorial auctions; and efficient auction design. Much progress has been made, but outstanding problems remain.
Antisense RNA Amplification for Target Assessment of Total mRNA from a Single Cell (2014)

This protocol describes how to amplify mRNA isolated from a single cell and then analyze its gene expression profile using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Single-cell analysis is advantageous over studies of cell populations because it allows identification of a range of normal physiological states expressed by different cells of the same cell type without the confounding effects of averaging that result from measuring physiological states of cell populations. This is especially important when addressing questions of physiology in tissues, which comprises many different cell types. However, a single cell does not contain enough mRNA for all of the expressed transcripts to be detected or measured by any current molecular biology techniques. The antisense RNA (aRNA) amplification method was developed to amplify the picogram amounts of mRNA found within a single cell to microgram amounts of aRNA after three rounds of amplification. This aRNA can then easily be analyzed by microarray or next-generation sequencing. These methods allow identification of all expressed mRNA species within a single cell, including previously unknown mRNAs or those mRNAs specifically affected by a certain treatment. mRNA species of interest identified by these techniques can be further analyzed by designing primers targeting these species and performing PCR. cDNA synthesized from RNA at any stage in the aRNA amplification procedure, including material directly from collected unamplified cells, can be analyzed using PCR. Regardless of downstream applications, single-cell aRNA amplification is a powerful tool for studying single-cell physiological dynamics.
Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emerging Roles as Cellular Messengers in Endocrinology: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement (2022)

During the last decade, there has been great interest in elucidating the biological role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly, their hormone-like role in cell-to-cell communication. The field of endocrinology is uniquely placed to provide insight into the functions of EVs, which are secreted from all cells into biological fluids and carry endocrine signals to engage in paracellular and distal interactions. EVs are a heterogeneous population of membrane-bound vesicles of varying size, content, and bioactivity. EVs are specifically packaged with signaling molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and are released via exocytosis into biofluid compartments. EVs regulate the activity of both proximal and distal target cells, including translational activity, metabolism, growth, and development. As such, EVs signaling represents an integral pathway mediating intercellular communication. Moreover, as the content of EVs is cell-type specific, it is a "fingerprint" of the releasing cell and its metabolic status. Recently, changes in the profile of EV and bioactivity have been described in several endocrine-related conditions including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The goal of this statement is to highlight relevant aspects of EV research and their potential role in the field of endocrinology.
Near-Infrared Lab-on-a-Chip Optical Biosensor with Micro Ring Resonator and Fourier Transform Spectrometer on SOI platform (2023)

We demonstrated the design and experimental results of the near-infrared lab-on-a-chip optical biosensor platform that monolithically integrates the micro-ring-resonator and the on-chip spectrometer on the SOI wafer with the limit of detection of 0.042 RIU.
Commitment-based business process modelling and enactment (2005)

Business process management faces challenges in dealing with business abnormalities and ever-changing business requirements. Traditional business process management approaches evolved from software engineering and workflow management where activities, messages and control logic are given prominence. The resulting models specify low-level details of execution and coordination. However, difficulties arise when modelling long-lived business transactions involving information updates and execution exceptions. To handle such situations, current approaches implement excessive activities without suitable abstractions, thereby arbitrarily fragmenting the business requirements.\n\nWe propose a commitment-based approach for business process modelling that formulates business processes as multiagent systems. Organizational structure and its effect on interactions are described using commitments and causality. Agents act as process executors and maintain the commitments made to each other. Updates and exceptions yield commitment operations under which processes are updated and reexecuted.\n\nOur approach brings commitment semantics into business modelling and enables agent collaboration for business process enactment. We derive commitment protocols from agent conversations and generate agent execution models. We also formalize our approach using the &amp;#928;-calculus and prove its correctness. To demonstrate the practical use of our approach, we formalize multiparty agreements with commitments and present algorithms on how to detect agreement conflicts and build satisfiable commitment sets.
Advances in intense femtosecond laser filamentation in air (2011)

This is a review of some recent development in femtosecond filamentation science with emphasis on our collective work. Previously reviewed work in the field will not be discussed. We thus start with a very brief description of the fundamental physics of single filamentation of powerful femtosecond laser pulses in air. Intensity clamping is emphasized. One consequence is that the peak intensity inside one or more filaments would not increase significantly even if one focuses the pulse at very high peak power even up to the peta-watt level. Another is that the clamped intensity is independent of pressure. One interesting outcome of the high intensity inside a filament is filament fusion which comes from the nonlinear change of index of refraction inside the filament leading to cross beam focusing. Because of the high intensity inside the filament, one can envisage nonlinear phenomena taking place inside a filament such as a new type of Raman red shift and the generation of very broad band supercontinuum into the infrared through four-wave-mixing. This is what we call by filamentation nonlinear optics. It includes also terahertz generation from inside the filament. The latter is discussed separately because of its special importance to those working in the field of safety and security in recent years. When the filamenting pulse is linearly polarized, the isotropic nature of air becomes birefringent both electronically (instantaneous) and through molecular wave packet rotation and revival (delayed). Such birefringence is discussed in detailed. Because, in principle, a filament can be projected to a long distance in air, applications to pollution measurement as well as other atmospheric science could be earned out. We call this filamentation atmospheric science. Thus, the following subjects are discussed briefly, namely, lightning control, rain making, remote measurement of electric field, microwave guidance and remote sensing of pollutants. A discussion on the higher order Kerr effect on the physics of filamentation is also given. This is a new hot subject of current debate. This review ends on giving our view of the prospect of progress of this field of filamentation in the future. We believe it hinges upon the development of the laser technology based upon the physical understanding of filamentation and on the reduction in price of the laser system.
Mechanistic cross-talk between DNA/RNA polymerase enzyme kinetics and nucleotide substrate availability in cells: Implications for polymerase inhibitor discovery (2020)

Enzyme kinetic analysis reveals a dynamic relationship between enzymes and their substrates. Overall enzyme activity can be controlled by both protein expression and various cellular regulatory systems. Interestingly, the availability and concentrations of intracellular substrates can constantly change, depending on conditions and cell types. Here, we review previously reported enzyme kinetic parameters of cellular and viral DNA and RNA polymerases with respect to cellular levels of their nucleotide substrates. This broad perspective exposes a remarkable co-evolution scenario of DNA polymerase enzyme kinetics with dNTP levels that can vastly change, depending on cell proliferation profiles. Similarly, RNA polymerases display much higher <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> values than DNA polymerases, possibly due to millimolar range rNTP concentrations found in cells (compared with micromolar range dNTP levels). Polymerases are commonly targeted by nucleotide analog inhibitors for the treatments of various human diseases, such as cancers and viral pathogens. Because these inhibitors compete against natural cellular nucleotides, the efficacy of each inhibitor can be affected by varying cellular nucleotide levels in their target cells. Overall, both kinetic discrepancy between DNA and RNA polymerases and cellular concentration discrepancy between dNTPs and rNTPs present pharmacological and mechanistic considerations for therapeutic discovery.
Use of χ As a Function of Volume Fraction of Rubber to Determine Crosslink Density by Swelling (2003)

Abstract A technique is described allowing a relatively simple determination of χ as a function of v r from swelling in heptane. A good measure of the true ν e of the cured elastomer at all values of v r was demonstrated by substituting this relationship for χ in the Flory-Rehner (F-R) equation. The relationship was established over a wide range of v r values by using samples that had the ν e of the cured elastomer determined by tensile retraction (TR). Applying this function to samples treated using the thiol probe method of Campbell gave an improved measure of the types of crosslinks present in sulfur-cured stocks. An identical equation describing χ as a function of v r in heptane was obtained with NR, EPDM and SBR containing up to a 0.31 volume fraction of carbon black (CB) and other fillers. The presence of up to 10 % of clay, talc, silica, resins or metal oxides in the CB had no noticeable effect on the relationship measured. However, when the filler contained about 50% silica a distinctly different slope in the relationship was found. The percent S 1 , S 2 and S x distribution measured was contrasted between measurements made by 13 C NMR, swelling with χ = constant or χ as a function of v r .
Neutrophils enhance early Trypanosoma brucei infection onset (2018)

In this study, Trypanosoma brucei was naturally transmitted to mice through the bites of infected Glossina morsitans tsetse flies. Neutrophils were recruited rapidly to the bite site, whereas monocytes were attracted more gradually. Expression of inflammatory cytokines (il1b, il6), il10 and neutrophil chemokines (cxcl1, cxcl5) was transiently up-regulated at the site of parasite inoculation. Then, a second influx of neutrophils occurred that coincided with the previously described parasite retention and expansion in the ear dermis. Congenital and experimental neutropenia models, combined with bioluminescent imaging, indicate that neutrophils do not significantly contribute to dermal parasite control and elicit higher systemic parasitemia levels during the infection onset. Engulfment of parasites by neutrophils in the skin was rarely observed and was restricted to parasites with reduced motility/viability, whereas live parasites escaped phagocytosis. To our knowledge, this study represents the first description of a trypanosome infection promoting role of early innate immunological reactions following an infective tsetse fly bite. Our data indicate that the trypanosome is not hindered in its early development and benefits from the host innate responses with the neutrophils being important regulators of the early infection, as already demonstrated for the sand fly transmitted Leishmania parasite.
PERORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY (POEM) FOR ACHALASIA: A EUROPEAN MULTICENTER SURVEY ABOUT CLINICAL PRACTICE (2019)

POEM is an established treatment for achalasia. However, the peri-operative management remain heterogeneous. Thus, we propose this survey was to assess the clinical practice in various European expert centers.
Hydrolysis of liquefied corn starch in a membrane reactor (1992)

The objective of this study was to develop a continuous hydrolysis process for the enzymatic saccharification of liquefied corn starch using a membrane reactor. A residence time distribution study confirmed that the membrane reactor could be modeled as a simple continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Kinetic studies indicated that the continuous reactor operated in the first-order region with respect to substrate concentration at substrate concentrations greater than 200 g/L. At a residence time of 1 h and an enzyme concentration of 1 g/L, the maximum reaction velocity (V(m)) was 3.86 g glucose/L min and the apparent Michaelis constant (K(m) (')) was 562 g/L. The K(m) (') value for the continuous reactor was 2-7 times greater than that obtained in a batch reactor.Kinetic data were fit to a model based on the Michaelis-Menten rate expression and the design equation for a CSTR. Application of the model at low reactor space times was successful. At space times of 6 min or less, the model predicted the reactor's performance reasonably well. Additional work on the detection and quantitation of reversion products formed by glucoamylase is required. Isolation, detection, and quantitation of reversion products by HPLC was difficult. Detailed analysis on the formation of these reversion products could lead to better reactor designs in the future.