gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluid Dynamics of Vascular Disease in Animal Models (2018)

Recent applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applied to the cardiovascular system have demonstrated its power in investigating the impact of hemodynamics on disease initiation, progression, and treatment outcomes. Flow metrics such as pressure distributions, wall shear stresses (WSS), and blood velocity profiles can be quantified to provide insight into observed pathologies, assist with surgical planning, or even predict disease progression. While numerous studies have performed simulations on clinical human patient data, it often lacks prediagnosis information and can be subject to large intersubject variability, limiting the generalizability of findings. Thus, animal models are often used to identify and manipulate specific factors contributing to vascular disease because they provide a more controlled environment. In this review, we explore the use of CFD in animal models in recent studies to investigate the initiating mechanisms, progression, and intervention effects of various vascular diseases. The first section provides a brief overview of the CFD theory and tools that are commonly used to study blood flow. The following sections are separated by anatomical region, with the abdominal, thoracic, and cerebral areas specifically highlighted. We discuss the associated benefits and obstacles to performing CFD modeling in each location. Finally, we highlight animal CFD studies focusing on common surgical treatments, including arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and pulmonary artery grafts. The studies included in this review demonstrate the value of combining CFD with animal imaging and should encourage further research to optimize and expand upon these techniques for the study of vascular disease.
On-chip polarization rotator for type I second harmonic generation (2019)

We demonstrate a polarization rotator integrated at the output of a GaAs waveguide producing type I second harmonic generation (SHG). Form-birefringent phase matching between the pump fundamental transverse electric (TE) mode near 2.0 µm wavelength and the signal fundamental transverse magnetic (TM) mode efficiently generates light at 1.0 µm wavelength. A SiN waveguide layer is integrated with the SHG device to form a multifunctional photonic integrated circuit. The polarization rotator couples light between the two layers and rotates the polarization from TM to TE or from TE to TM. With a TE-polarized 2.0 µm pump, type I SHG is demonstrated with the signal rotated to TE polarization. Passive transmission near 1.0 µm wavelength shows ∼80% polarization rotation across a broad bandwidth of ∼100 nm. By rotating the signal polarization to match that of the pump, this SHG device demonstrates a critical component of an integrated self-referenced octave-spanning frequency comb. This device is expected to provide crucial functionality as part of a fully integrated optical frequency synthesizer with resolution of less than one part in 1014.
Radiomic features derived from pre-operative multi-parametric MRI of prostate cancer are associated with Decipher risk score (2019)

Decipher, a genomic test, is used to predict the likelihood of metastasis and prostate cancer (PCa) specific mortality based on expression patterns of 22 RNA markers from radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. It has been shown to be strongly correlated with metastasis-free prognosis and has been integrated with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. However, Decipher is expensive and tissue destructive. Radiomic features refer to the high-throughput computational texture or shape features extracted from radiographic scans. Radiomic features derived from multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of prostate cancer have been shown to be associated with clinically significant PCa. In this study, we sought to evaluate whether radiomic features derived from T2-weighted MRI (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps of the prostate could distinguish different Decipher risk groups (low, intermediate and high). We also explored correlations between Decipher risk associated radiomic features and features relating to gland morphology on corresponding digitized surgical specimens. A retrospectively acquired, de-identified cohort of 70 PCa patients (N = 74 lesions) who underwent 3T mpMRI prior to RP and Decipher tests after RP were used in this study. The Decipher risk score, ranging from 0 to 1, was used to categorize patients into low/intermediate (<i>D</i><sub>1</sub>) and high (<i>D</i><sub>2</sub>) risk groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was trained (N = 37 lesions) using radiomic features selected via elastic-net regularization to predict the Decipher risk groups. The model was evaluated on a hold-out test set (N = 37 lesions) and resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0:80. Our model outperformed the prediction using PIRADS v2 (AUC = 0:67), but showed comparable performance with Gleason Grade Group (GGG) (AUC = 0:80). We observed that the best discriminating radiomic features were correlated with gland morphology and gland packing on corresponding histopathology (R = 0.43, p &lt; 0.05).
Postanoxic T Lymphocyte–Endothelial Cell Interactions Induce Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production and Neutrophil Adhesion (2000)

The objective of this study was to define the influence of postanoxic T-lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions on anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R)-induced neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC monolayers were exposed to 60 minutes of anoxia, followed by 24 hours of reoxygenation, wherein freshly isolated human T lymphocytes were added at 6 hours during reoxygenation. After an additional 18 hours of incubation (ie, total of 24 hours of reoxygenation), the T-cell/endothelial cell (TC/EC) coculture media were collected and added to naive HUVEC monolayers incubated with neutrophils. Although the A/R-conditioned media per se had no effect on neutrophil adhesion, the media from TC/EC cocultures significantly increased the adhesion response. This enhanced adhesive interaction was associated with significant increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in the TC/EC coculture media and was accompanied by a pronounced increase in endothelial E-selectin expression. Treatment of the TC/EC coculture media with anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IL-8 antibodies reduced the media-induced neutrophil adhesion response. The enhanced neutrophil adhesion and the elevated medium levels of TNF-alpha, but not IL-8, were markedly reduced by inserts that prevented direct TC/EC contact and by monoclonal antibodies directed against vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) or very late antigen-4 (VLA-4). Collectively, these findings show that VLA-4-/VCAM-1-mediated interactions between T lymphocytes and postanoxic endothelial cells stimulates TNF-alpha production, which in turn elicits endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and a corresponding increase in neutrophil adhesion.
Strengthening of 304L Stainless Steel by Addition of Yttrium Oxide and Grain Refinement during Selective Laser Melting (2019)

This study investigates the role of submicron yttrium oxide on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of selective laser melted 304L oxide dispersion strengthening (ODS) nanocomposite. 304L SS powder and a mixture of 304L SS powder and yttria nanoparticles were used as two feedstocks for fabricating parts using selective laser melting (SLM) process. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a homogenous distribution of Si-Mn-O nanoparticles in the SLM 304L matrix and Y-Si-O nanoparticles in the SLM 304L ODS alloy. Electron backscatter diffraction images imply that the addition of yttria disrupts the formation of large columnar grains in SLM 304L, resulting in the formation of finer equiaxed grains. The average microhardness values increased from 240 HV in SLM 304L to 305 HV in SLM 304L ODS alloy, due to the combined effects of grain refinement and dispersion hardening.
Comparing informativeness of an NLG chatbot vs graphical app in diet-information domain (2022)

Visual representation of data like charts and tables can be challenging to understand for readers. Previous work showed that combining visualisations with text can improve the communication of insights in static contexts, but little is known about interactive ones. In this work we present an NLG chatbot that processes natural language queries and provides insights through a combination of charts and text. We apply it to nutrition, a domain communication quality is critical. Through crowd-sourced evaluation we compare the informativeness of our chatbot against traditional, static diet-apps. We find that the conversational context significantly improved users' understanding of dietary data in various tasks, and that users considered the chatbot as more useful and quick to use than traditional apps.
C-block: A system for learning motor plans with perceptual consequences (2020)

International audience
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkynylation reactions of oxabenzonorbornadienes (2012)

Oxabenzonorbornadienes were found to be suitable substrates for asymmetric hydroalkynylation reactions. Catalyzed by the complex of [Ir(COD)Cl](2) and (R)-SYNPHOS, oxabenzonorbornadienes and terminal alkynes could react smoothly to give the alkynylated products in moderate to good yields (up to 93% yield) and enantioselectivities (up to 85% ee).
Colorful Squaraines Dyes for Efficient Solution-Processed All Small-Molecule Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells (2018)

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) exhibit highly promising applications to develop integrated photovoltaics and power-generating windows. However, the development of ST-OSCs is significantly lagging behind opaque OSCs, especially for all small-molecule ST-OSCs. Here, four unique squaraines dyes (IDPSQ, SQ-BP, D-BDT-SQ, and AzUSQ) were successfully used as donors in ST-OSCs, whose colors can be tuned from purple to blue, green, and dark green, respectively. While using ultrathin Ag as a transparent electrode, the ST-OSCs fabricated using IDPSQ:PC<sub>71</sub>BM, SQ-BP:PC<sub>71</sub>BM, D-BDT-SQ:PC<sub>71</sub>BM, and AzUSQ:PC<sub>71</sub>BM yield power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 2.96, 4.36, 4.91, and 1.71%, respectively, and their colors are purple, cyan, brown, and light brown, respectively. Compared to their opaque OSCs (PCEs of 3.95, 5.45, 5.84, and 1.91%, respectively), the reduction in the PCEs are as low as 25, 20, 16, and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, each of these ST-OSCs exhibit good average visible transmittance (AVT) of 25-30%, favorable CIE color coordinates, and a color rendering index (CRI) of 71-97%. Finally, by changing the thickness of the Ag electrode, an impressive PCE of 4.9% along with an AVT of 25% and a CRI of 97% can be obtained in D-BDT-SQ:PC<sub>71</sub>BM-based ST-OSCs, which is the highest PCE among all small-molecule ST-OSCs.
Muting-Based Partially Non-Orthogonal Block Diagonalization in Multiuser MIMO with Limited Channel State Information Feedback (2011)

This paper investigates a precoding method in downlink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission employing multiple base station (BS) cooperation where the sets of user equipment basically feedback the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) only to the nearest BS, but the users near the cell edge additionally feedback the instantaneous CSI to the second nearest BS among the cooperating BSs. The proposed precoding method is categorized into multi-cell processing, in which the transmission information sent to a user is shared by the cooperating BSs in order to utilize fully the degrees of freedom of the spatial channel, and is based on block diagonalization of the channel matrix. However, since some elements of the channel matrix are unknown, we allow inter-user interference to users with limited instantaneous CSI feedback. More specifically, in the proposed method, the elements corresponding to the unknown instantaneous CSI in the overall channel matrix are muted by setting these elements to zero, and the standard generation procedure of the block diagonalization precoding matrix is performed on the muted channel matrix. The proposed method efficiently utilizes the degrees of freedom of the spatial channel compared to the case with full orthogonal transmission at the cost of increased inter-user interference. Simulation results show that the proposed method decreases the transmission power for a given capacity requirement compared to the case with full orthogonal transmission.
Measurement of the Thermal Diffusivity of a Tire Compound By Mean of Infrared Optical Technique (2012)

A new technique for the determination of the thermal diffusivity of a tyre compound is proposed. The diffusivity is defined as the ratio between the thermal conductivity and the product of the specific heat and density. This technique is based on infrared measurement and successive analysis of the tyre cooling. Tyre samples were heated up by a laser at constant power rate and the heating and the next cooling of the tyres were registered versus time by mean of thermocouples and infrared cameras. Determination of the thermal diffusivity was thus estimated by mean of home-made model. The research activity was carried out in the laboratories of the department of Mechanics and Energetics of the University of Naples Federico II, in cooperation with the Combustion Institute of the CNR in Naples. © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.
Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Systems and Storage (2011)

It is our great pleasure to present the proceedings of SYSTOR 2011, the Fourth Annual International Systems and Storage Conference taking place at IBM Research, Haifa, Israel. SYSTOR has grown from a one day event to a three day international conference, attracting students, researchers and practitioners from Israel and overseas. We are confident that this year's conference continues to increase the reputation and influence of SYSTOR with a set of excellent papers covering a wide range of topics, from virtualization techniques and data centers, energy-management and reliability, to multi-core and distributed systems issues and, of course, storage.

The SYSTOR 2011 call for papers attracted a total of 53 submissions, with 42 to the research track, 8 to the industrial track and 3 to the work in progress track. We were able to accept 14 research track papers and 2 industrial track papers in a competitive and rigorous review process, resulting in an overall acceptance rate of 30%. A best paper and best student paper were selected by the program committee and awards will be presented at the conference.
The Application of Ti Precursor Solutions to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

The deposition of TiO2 particles on transparent conducting glass of fluorine doped SnO2 (FTO) film in a solution containing Ti precursors such as Ti oxyhydroxide, titanyl, and peroxo Ti complexe was performed. UV irradiation of the solution led to linking between the TiO2 particles and adhesion to the FTO film at room temperature. We applied this process for the improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell performance. The dark currents were suppressed by the deposited TiO2 all over the mesoporous TiO2 layers and FTO films. The electron life time measurements indicated a decrease in recombination reactions in the electrode-electrolyte interface.
A phase I trial of riluzole and sorafenib in patients with advanced solid tumors and melanoma. (2012)

TPS3112 Background: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. Over 60% of human melanomas express this cell surface glutamate receptor and excitation of GRM1 results in the activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Riluzole, an oral GRM1 blocking agent, results in growth arrest of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported that administration of riluzole to melanoma patients suppressed activity of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways in paired tumor samples (Yip Clin Cancer Res 2009). In preclinical studies, the efficacy of riluzole was attenuated in melanoma cells harboring BRAFV600E mutations, but sorafenib, a RAF kinase inhibitor, enhanced the effect of riluzole on these cells. The combination of riluzole and sorafenib was additive or synergistic in both BRAF mutant and BRAF wildtype melanoma cells in vitro and in BRAF wildtype cells in a xenograft model (Lee HJ Clin Cancer Res 2011). We thus designed a phase I trial to test the combination of riluzole with sorafenib in patients with solid tumors and advanced melanoma. Methods: The primary objective of this trial is identification of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). An expansion cohort at the MTD is planned for patients with advanced melanoma to examine the correlation of clinical or radiographic response with signaling through the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways and with GRM1 receptor status of individual tumors. Eligible patients must have advanced solid tumors (phase I) or stage III unresectable/stage IV melanoma with biopsiable tumor (expansion cohort) and ECOG PS ≤ 2. Riluzole will be administered at 100 mg twice daily combined with sorafenib beginning at 200 mg daily and escalating in subsequent cohorts at 200 mg increments. Correlative studies: Tumors will be assessed for BRAF and NRAS mutational status. Pretreatment tumor blocks will be examined for GRM1 receptor status by immunohistochemistry. Pre and post treatment levels of pERK and pAKT will be measured in paired tumor samples to assess effects of treatment on MAPK and PI3K signaling. Limited sampling pharmacokinetic studies will be performed. Progress: Accrual to three cohorts is complete without DLT. Accrual to the final planned cohort is in progress.
High-Repetition-Frequency Low-Noise Fiber Ring Lasers Mode-Locked With Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

We demonstrate high-repetition-frequency low-noise passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring lasers using single-walled carbon nanotubes as saturable absorbers. Pulses with a fundamental pulse repetition frequency of 200 MHz and 124-fs width are generated from a ring laser cavity. By substantially simplifying the cavity with a component that integrates multiple functions into a single device, the fundamental pulse repetition frequency could be increased to 447 MHz with pulsewidths of 270 fs.
Preparation of Mesoporous Submicrometer Silica Capsules via an Interfacial Sol–Gel Process in Inverse Miniemulsion (2012)

Mesoporous silica capsules with submicrometer sizes were successfully prepared via the interfacial hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in inverse miniemulsion by using hydrophilic liquid droplets as template. The inverse miniemulsions containing pH-controlled hydrophilic droplets were first prepared via sonication by using poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P(E/B)-PEO) or SPAN 80 as surfactant. TEOS was directly introduced to the continuous phase of an inverse miniemulsion. The silica shell was formed by the deposition of silica on the surface of droplets. The formation of capsule morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mesoporous structure was verified by nitrogen sorption measurements. The specific surface area could be tuned by the variation of the amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and TEOS, and the pore size by the amount of CTAB. The influences of synthetic parameters on the particle size and morphology were investigated in terms of the amount of CTAB, pH value in the droplets, TEOS amount, surfactant amount, and type of solvent with low polarity. A formation mechanism of silica capsules was proposed.
On the parameters used in finite element modeling of compound peripheral nerves (2018)

We performed a systematic investigation of the effects of values and methods for modeling the perineurium and endoneurium on thresholds for neural stimulation and block. These results provide guidance for future modeling studies, including parameter selection, data interpretation, and comparison to experimental results.
Low Voltage, Hysteresis Free, and High Mobility Transistors from All-Inorganic Colloidal Nanocrystals (2012)

High-mobility solution-processed all-inorganic solid state nanocrystal (NC) transistors with low operation voltage and near-zero hysteresis are demonstrated using high-capacitance ZrO(x) and hydroxyl-free Cytop gate dielectric materials. The use of inorganic capping ligands (In(2)Se(4)(2-) and S(2-)) allowed us to achieve high electron mobility in the arrays of solution-processed CdSe nanocrystals. We also studied the hysteresis behavior and switching speed of NC-based field effect devices. Collectively, these analyses helped to understand the charge transport and trapping mechanisms in all-inorganic NCs arrays. Finally, we have examined the rapid thermal annealing as an approach toward high-performance solution-processed NCs-based devices and demonstrated transistor operation with mobility above 30 cm(2)/(V s) without compromising low operation voltage and hysteresis.
Spectral diagnosis of human coronary artery: a clinical system for real-time analysis (1995)

In vitro studies have shown that normal and abnormal human coronary artery segments can be differentiated on the basis of their Raman spectra. A compact near infrared Raman spectroscopy system has been constructed for in vivo measurement of the biochemical composition of human coronary artery. A 500 mW air-cooled diode laser generates 830 nm excitation light which is delivered via a fiber optic probe to the arterial wall. Scattered light is collected by the same optical probe and delivered to a f/1.8 imaging spectrograph, which disperses the light onto a liquid-nitrogen-cooled deep-depletion CCD detector. A spectral model has been developed to quantify the protein, lipid and calcium mineral content in coronary artery wall. Raman spectra with sufficiently high S/N for extracting biochemical information can be collected in less than one second. In vivo studies during open heart surgery are currently being conducted which will establish near infrared Raman techniques as a real- time diagnostic tool.
Systems Research Center. (1985)

The Systems Research Center (SRC) at the University of Maryland, College Park, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., is a new forum for fundamental research and education in systems engineering. Established by a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant in 1985, the SRC is developing advances in design methods and software systems that innovatively address the challenges of productivity and competitiveness facing American industry. At the same time, the Center is training a new generation of systems engineers in an environment that is designed to both expand intellectual frontiers and achieve important reaearch objectives.