gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of a multifunctional and multispectral optical sensor for automotive applications using surface mountable planar optical interconnect (2010)

In this paper we present the design and fabrication of a low cost surface mountable planar optical interconnect and the integration in a low-cost multifunctional and multispectral CMOS vision sensor (MFOS) to detect critical environmental parameters (fog, rain, twilight) providing, at the same time, information on the driving scenario (oncoming vehicles, VRUs in night conditions). The project ADOSE addresses research challenges in the area of accident prevention; the focus is on functional, performance and cost limits of current sensors and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for their extensive market penetration. The 3D structure of the interconnect makes it possible to guide collimated light to dedicated detection regions on a CMOS imager, thus making a virtual partition of the sensitive imager area in sub-areas, usually not needed by the applications requiring the frontal view monitoring, possible. Therefore one imager chip can be used for several sensing and imaging functions. The optical system can be passively assembled and is surface mountable resulting in low cost fabrication.
Lenalidomide inhibits the proliferation of CLL cells via a cereblon/p21WAF1/Cip1-dependent mechanism independent of functional p53 (2014)

Lenalidomide has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), even though it is not cytotoxic for primary CLL cells in vitro. We examined the direct effect of lenalidomide on CLL-cell proliferation induced by CD154-expressing accessory cells in media containing interleukin-4 and -10. Treatment with lenalidomide significantly inhibited CLL-cell proliferation, an effect that was associated with the p53-independent upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(WAF1/Cip1) (p21). Silencing p21 with small interfering RNA impaired the capacity of lenalidomide to inhibit CLL-cell proliferation. Silencing cereblon, a known molecular target of lenalidomide, impaired the capacity of lenalidomide to induce expression of p21, inhibit CD154-induced CLL-cell proliferation, or enhance the degradation of Ikaros family zinc finger proteins 1 and 3. We isolated CLL cells from the blood of patients before and after short-term treatment with low-dose lenalidomide (5 mg per day) and found the leukemia cells were also induced to express p21 in vivo. These results indicate that lenalidomide can directly inhibit proliferation of CLL cells in a cereblon/p21-dependent but p53-independent manner, at concentrations achievable in vivo, potentially contributing to the capacity of this drug to inhibit disease-progression in patients with CLL.
Wireless device-to-device communications with distributed caching (2012)

We introduce a novel wireless device-to-device (D2D) collaboration architecture that exploits distributed storage of popular content to enable frequency reuse. We identify a fundamental conflict between collaboration distance and interference and show how to optimize the transmission power to maximize frequency reuse. Our analysis depends on the user content request statistics which are modeled by a Zipf distribution. Our main result is a closed form expression of the optimal collaboration distance as a function of the content reuse distribution parameters. We show that if the Zipf exponent of the content reuse distribution is greater than 1, it is possible to have a number of D2D interference-free collaboration pairs that scales linearly in the number of nodes. If the Zipf exponent is smaller than 1, we identify the best possible scaling in the number of D2D collaborating links. Surprisingly, a very simple distributed caching policy achieves the optimal scaling behavior and therefore there is no need to centrally coordinate what each node is caching.
ChemInform Abstract: A TRANSLACTONIZATION ROUTE TO MACROCYCLIC LACTONES (1978)

Abstract Einwirkung von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure auf das aus der Sävure (Ia) erhältliche Lacton (Ib)′führt unter Ringerweiterung zum 12gliedrigen Lacton (II); analog liefern das Diol (Id), zugänglich ebenfalls aus (Ia) über die Stufe (Ic), und das (Ib):‐Homologe (IV) die Lactone (III) (1 : lcis/trans‐Isomerengemisch) bzw. (V).
Role of an Atypical Cadherin Gene, Cdh23 in Prepulse Inhibition, and Implication of CDH23 in Schizophrenia (2021)

We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an endophenotype of schizophrenia, on mouse chromosome 10 and reported Fabp7 as a candidate gene from an analysis of F2 mice from inbred strains with high (C57BL/6N; B6) and low (C3H/HeN; C3H) PPI levels. Here, we reanalyzed the previously reported QTLs with increased marker density. The highest logarithm of odds score (26.66) peaked at a synonymous coding and splice-site variant, c.753G>A (rs257098870), in the Cdh23 gene on chromosome 10; the c.753G (C3H) allele showed a PPI-lowering effect. Bayesian multiple QTL mapping also supported the same variant with a posterior probability of 1. Thus, we engineered the c.753G (C3H) allele into the B6 genetic background, which led to dampened PPI. We also revealed an e-QTL (expression QTL) effect imparted by the c.753G>A variant for the Cdh23 expression in the brain. In a human study, a homologous variant (c.753G>A; rs769896655) in CDH23 showed a nominally significant enrichment in individuals with schizophrenia. We also identified multiple potentially deleterious CDH23 variants in individuals with schizophrenia. Collectively, the present study reveals a PPI-regulating Cdh23 variant and a possible contribution of CDH23 to schizophrenia susceptibility.
Consistent Disaster Recovery for Microservices: the CAB Theorem (2017)

How do you backup a Microservice? You dump its database. How do you backup an entire application decomposed into microservices? In this paper we discuss the tradeoff between the availability and consistency of a microservice-based architecture, when the backup of the entire system is being performed.
Prevalence and Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency in Critically Ill Cancer Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (2020)

Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in cancer patients and a risk factor for morbidity and mortality during critical illness. This single-center retrospective study analyzed 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in critically ill cancer patients (n = 178; hematologic, n = 108; solid, n = 70) enrolled in a prospective ICU registry. The primary analysis was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and the severe deficiency (≤12 ng/mL). Secondary analyses included risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and its impact on ICU, hospital, and 1-year mortality. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency was 74% (95% CI: 67-80%) and 54% (95% CI: 47-61%). Younger age, relapsed/refractory disease, and a higher sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After adjusting for relapsed/refractory disease, infection, the SOFA score, and the early need for life-supporting interventions, severe vitamin D deficiency was an independent predictor of hospital mortality (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.03-4.72, <i>p</i> = 0.04) and 1-year mortality (OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.50-7.71, <i>p</i> < 0.01), but not of ICU mortality. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill cancer patients requiring ICU admission, but its impact on short-term mortality in this group is uncertain. The observed association of severe vitamin D deficiency with the post-ICU outcome warrants clinical consideration and further study.
Amplified detection of chemicals using photoluminescence and interferometry from a porous silicon chip: detection of nitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene in air (1999)

The detection of nitroaromatic molecules by porous silicon films has been explored using direct and indirect detection methods. In the direct method, detection is achieved by monitoring the photoluminescence of a nanocrystalline porous Si films upon exposure to the analyte of interest. Photoluminescence is quenched upon adsorption of the nitroaromatic, presumably via an electron transfer mechanism. For nitrobenzene a detection limit of 350 ppm (after an exposure time of &lt; 2 minutes) was observed. For 2,4-dinitrotoluene, a much lower detection limit of 250 ppb (after an exposure time of &lt; 6 minutes) was obtained. Both the detection limit and the response time of the material can be lowered by the use of a catalyst (PtO<SUB>2</SUB> at 250 degree(s)C) in the carrier gas line upstream of the porous silicon detector. The enhanced sensitivity comes from catalytic oxidation of the nitroaromatic to NO<SUB>2</SUB>, which irreversibly oxidizes the surface of the porous Si, providing an integrating function. The demonstrated limit for NO<SUB>2</SUB> detection is 70 ppb. A complementary detection technique involving measurement of spectral shifts of a porous Si film Fabry-Perot interferometer upon oxidation will also be presented.
M-COPA suppresses endolysosomal Kit-Akt oncogenic signalling through inhibiting the secretory pathway in neoplastic mast cells (2017)

Gain-of-function mutations in Kit receptor tyrosine kinase result in the development of a variety of cancers, such as mast cell tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), acute myeloid leukemia, and melanomas. The drug imatinib, a selective inhibitor of Kit, is used for treatment of mutant Kit-positive cancers. However, mutations in the Kit kinase domain, which are frequently found in neoplastic mast cells, confer an imatinib resistance, and cancers expressing the mutants can proliferate in the presence of imatinib. Recently, we showed that in neoplastic mast cells that endogenously express an imatinib-resistant Kit mutant, Kit causes oncogenic activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt) pathway and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) but only on endolysosomes and on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), respectively. Here, we show a strategy for inhibition of the Kit-PI3K-Akt pathway in neoplastic mast cells by M-COPA (2-methylcoprophilinamide), an inhibitor of this secretory pathway. In M-COPA-treated cells, Kit localization in the ER is significantly increased, whereas endolysosomal Kit disappears, indicating that M-COPA blocks the biosynthetic transport of Kit from the ER. The drug greatly inhibits oncogenic Akt activation without affecting the association of Kit with PI3K, indicating that ER-localized Kit-PI3K complex is unable to activate Akt. Importantly, M-COPA but not imatinib suppresses neoplastic mast cell proliferation through inhibiting anti-apoptotic Akt activation. Results of our M-COPA treatment assay show that Kit can activate Erk not only on the ER but also on other compartments. Furthermore, Tyr568/570, Tyr703, Tyr721, and Tyr936 in Kit are phosphorylated on the ER, indicating that these five tyrosine residues are all phosphorylated before mutant Kit reaches the plasma membrane (PM). Our study provides evidence that Kit is tyrosine-phosphorylated soon after synthesis on the ER but is unable to activate Akt and also demonstrates that M-COPA is efficacious for growth suppression of neoplastic mast cells.
The effects of in-utero tobacco-toxin exposure on the respiratory system in children (2006)

Although many women attempt to quit during pregnancy and effective interventions are available, ultimately the respiratory health of future generations will depend upon effective public health and tobacco control measures designed to prevent smoking uptake by youth and in particular girls and young women.
Acoustofluidic Separation of Proteins Using Aptamer-Functionalized Microparticles (2021)

We propose an acoustofluidic method for the triseparation of proteins conjugated with aptamer-coated microparticles inside a microchannel. Traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) produced from a slanted-finger interdigital transducer (SFIT) are used to separate the protein-loaded microparticles of different sizes via the TSAW-driven acoustic radiation force (ARF). The acoustofluidic device consists of an SFIT deposited onto a piezoelectric lithium niobate substrate and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel on top of the substrate. The TSAWs propagating on the substrate penetrate into the sample fluid flow, where the human protein-conjugated microparticles are suspended, inside the PDMS microchannel. The microparticles are subjected to the TSAW-driven ARF with varying magnitude depending on their size and thus flow along different streamlines, leading to triseparation of the proteins. In this work, we used two different-sized streptavidin-functionalized polystyrene (PS) microparticles to capture two kinds of aptamers (apt15 and aptD17.4), which were labeled with a respective biotin molecule at one end. The biotin ends of the aptamers were attached to the microparticles through streptavidin-biotin linkage, whereas the free ends of the aptamers were used to capture their target proteins of thrombin (th) and immunoglobulin E (IgE). The resultant PS-apt15-th and PS-aptD17.4-IgE complexes, as well as mCardinal2, were used for experimental demonstration of acoustofluidic triseparation of the human proteins. We achieved simultaneous separation of proteins of three kinds (th, IgE, and mCardinal2) for the first time via the TSAW-driven ARF in the proposed acoustofluidic device.
Laterally-scaled Si/SiGe n-MODFETs with in situ and ion-implanted p-well doping (2004)

In order to fulfill their potential for enhanced performance, MODFETs must be scaled, both laterally and vertically. However, lateral scaling is particularly challenging because well and/or halo doping can lead to dopant incorporation in the 2D channel which can significantly degrade the mobility. Recently, we have demonstrated a technique for growing Si/SiGe n-MODFET layer structures with buried p-well doping while retaining an undoped channel region. In this paper, we describe the operation of laterally-scaled Si/SiGe n-MODFETs with buried in situ and ion-implanted p-well doping. We show that the devices have improved subthreshold behavior, greatly improved self-gain and improved speed-power product compared with undoped controls.
Lubrication Performance of Sunflower Oil Reinforced with Halloysite Clay Nanotubes (HNT) as Lubricant Additives (2022)

This study evaluates the tribological performance of nanolubricants of a vegetable oil (sunflower oil) reinforced with different concentrations of environmentally-friendly nanoparticles of halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs). Tribological characterization was performed under different conditions to determine its effect on the nanolubricants’ performance and optimal HNT concentration. The tribological performances under low and high contact pressures were analyzed with a block-on-ring tribometer following the ASTM G-077-05 standard procedure. The extreme pressure (EP) properties of the nanolubricants were determined with a T-02 four-ball tribotester according to the ITeE-PIB Polish method for testing lubricants under scuffing conditions. In addition, the lubrication performance of the newly-developed vegetable oil-based nanolubricants was evaluated in an industrial-type application through a tapping torque test. The results indicated that at a low contact pressure 1.5 wt.% HNTs/sunflower oil provided the best tribological behavior by decreasing the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear volume loss by 29 and 70%, respectively. For high contact pressures, 0.05 wt.% HNTs lowered COF and wear by 55% and 56%, respectively. The load-carrying capacity increased by 141% with 0.10 wt.% HNTs compared to the sunflower oil. A high tapping torque efficiency was obtained with HNTs that can prolong tool life in the machining process. Therefore, this study suggests that HNTs/sunflower oil could be used as green lubricants for industrial applications.
Enhanced evaporation from a highly strained Si crystal surface (2000)

We observed enhanced evaporation from regions of a single crystal silicon surface subject to very large local strain. The strain was created across narrow breaks in silicon carbide films produced by change of phase due to annealing. The films were grown in an amorphous form on a (111) Si substrate at 600 °C by hydrogen plasma sputtering. Annealing the SiC/Si structure at temperatures above 850 °C, resulted in contraction due to recrystallization, giving breaks in the film which approximately followed the 〈112〉 crystal axes of the Si substrate. We found that the silicon immediately beneath a break in a film was preferentially removed leaving a deep ditch. An enhancement of evaporation of at least 2 orders of magnitude and a corresponding decrease in activation energy were found from the dependence of the effect on film thickness and annealing temperature.
Supplementary Figures from RIP1–HAT1–SIRT Complex Identification and Targeting in Treatment and Prevention of Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Serendipity and Rational Design of One-Dimensional Doubly Stranded Chains with Nanometric Cavities Based on AgI Coordination Chemistry (2002)

Spontaneous and cooperative self-assembly processes allowed the preparation of two complexes {[AgL12][X]}n [X = CF3SO3, (3a); X = BF4, (3b)] in quantitative yields, identified as 1-D doubly stranded chains. The X-ray molecular structures of 3a,b are reported. Complexes 3a,b are isostructural and crystallize in the triclinic unit cell. The structures of 3a and 3b show the formation of a one-dimensional coordination polymer exhibiting as an outstanding feature the presence of infinite chained metallomacrocycles with nanometric cavities. Interestingly, NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry suggest that the identified elemental sub-unit [AgL12]+ is the key building block which self-assembles to provide the inorganic polymers 3a,b. The effect of weakly coordinating counteranions and the assembling ligand L1 on the supermolecule design are presented and discussed. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Fine De Novo Sequencing of a Fungal Genome Using only SOLiD Short Read Data: Verification on Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 (2013)

The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has dramatically increased the throughput, speed, and efficiency of genome sequencing. The short read data generated from NGS platforms, such as SOLiD and Illumina, are quite useful for mapping analysis. However, the SOLiD read data with lengths of <60 bp have been considered to be too short for de novo genome sequencing. Here, to investigate whether de novo sequencing of fungal genomes is possible using only SOLiD short read sequence data, we performed de novo assembly of the Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 genome using only SOLiD read data of 50 bp generated from mate-paired libraries with 2.8- or 1.9-kb insert sizes. The assembled scaffolds showed an N50 value of 1.6 Mb, a 22-fold increase than those obtained using only SOLiD short read in other published reports. In addition, almost 99% of the reference genome was accurately aligned by the assembled scaffold fragments in long lengths. The sequences of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes and clusters, whose products are of considerable interest in fungal studies due to their potential medicinal, agricultural, and cosmetic properties, were also highly reconstructed in the assembled scaffolds. Based on these findings, we concluded that de novo genome sequencing using only SOLiD short reads is feasible and practical for molecular biological study of fungi. We also investigated the effect of filtering low quality data, library insert size, and k-mer size on the assembly performance, and recommend for the assembly use of mild filtered read data where the N50 was not so degraded and the library has an insert size of ∼2.0 kb, and k-mer size 33.
Physiological ROI Definition by Image Subtraction (1991)

Quantitative analysis of functional images requires a strategy for reducing to tractable size the overwhelming amount of numeric data contained therein. Region-of-interest (ROI) selection is the most widely used means of image-data reduction, but it has many limitations. Spatial bias, introduced by selection of regions as being "of interest," is probably the greatest limitation of ROI analyses. Change-distribution analysis is a new data-analysis strategy that eliminates this a priori selection bias in a way that can increase the sensitivity, specificity, and localization precision. All image pixels are surveyed for changes from the control condition. Only areas of change are sampled and contribute to statistical analysis. Change-distribution analysis has been validated for within-subject pairs of images, but it is potentially applicable in a wide variety of imaging protocols.
THERMAL DEGRADATION AND TOXICITY ASPECTS OF VARIOUS POLYMERIC MATERIALS. (1971)

proportional to surface area-to-volumn ratios. However, for aluminum, copper, arsenic, and cadmium, the amount of acetic acid addition, and therefore resultant final pH, seemed to override the effect of surface area to volume.
18F-FGln PET/CT guided surgical biopsy and resection in patient with brain tumors (2020)

410 Purpose: MRI alone has its limitations for target selection in biopsy or resection in newly diagnosed and pretreated pediatric brain tumor patients. 18F-(2S, 4R) 4-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) PET imaging is considered to identify metabolically active glioma tissue. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with 18F-FGln-PET in targeted surgical interventions for brain tumors.
 Methods: In 46 cases with lesions suspicious of a growing brain tumor on MRI, either newly diagnosed or after antitumoral treatment led to 18F-FGln-PET imaging for target selection prior to stereotactic biopsy, navigated open biopsy or navigated microsurgical tumor resection. Indications for 18F-FGln-PET imaging were visualization of metabolic active tumor tissue within diffuse tumors or pretreated lesions as well as depicting their extent and characteristics. Histopathologic diagnoses were made in all cases (21 high-grade gliomas, 14 metastases to the brain, 3 lymphomas, 2 germ cell tumors, 2 necrotic tissue after radiotherapy, 2 meningeomas, 1 hemangioblastoma and 1schwannoma).
 Results: 18F-FGln-PET integration in surgery was feasible in all patients using stereotaxy or neuronavigation. Sensitivity for tumor detection was 42/46(SUVmax>1.5). 18F-FGln-PET was false positive in two pretreated patients. Differences in SUVmax between high-grade gliomas (5.18±1.14), metastases (3.11±1.68), and primary brain lymphomas (7.01±1.39) were significant (P < 0.05). These differences were also significant at pairwise analysis. The time activity curve (TAC) of dynamic 18F-FGln PET/CT in the three groups of malignant tumors show that lymphomas with a rapid increase in the early phase (0~5min.pi), and a consistent in the middle (5~15min.pi) and late phase (15~30min.pi); the high-grade gliomas with a low level in the initial phase, a slow increase in the middle and late phase; the metastases with a slow increase in the first and middle phase, and a consistent in late phase.
 Conclusions: 18F-FGln-PET imaging is helpful for target selection and can be integrated in surgical guidance. 18F-FGln-PET image-guided surgical targeting yielded histological diagnosis with decent specificity and high sensitivity in brain tumor patients. Our results warrant further evaluation of 18F-FET-PET imaging for surgical guidance. High-grade gliomas, metastases, and lymphomas may be distinguished on the basis of measured 18F-FGln uptake and TAC. Higher uptake of 18F-FGln is a significant feature of primary brain lymphomas.