gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phonon-Like Light Scattering in Polycrystalline Carbon Structures (2012)

A new type of inelastic light scattering in a disordered condensed matter is considered, in which, contrary to the conventional Raman scattering with fixed frequencies of vibrations, a shift of vibrational band positions is observed under variation of the excitation radiation frequency. This phonon-like scattering is inherent to intermediate states of the matter characterized by a ``smeared'' zone structure at the transition from individual non-correlated molecules of an amorphous material to a highly correlated structural state in single crystals. In particular, for different carbon structures, the intermediate structural statesbetween graphite and diamond include some shares of sp2 and sp3 hybridizations. A defect band and additional ones (D and Ad bands, respectively) have been clearly detected in the Raman spectra of such carbon forms. The bands have a doublet frame with the "redistribution" of intensities between components of the doublet (at 1350 and 1375 cm–1) in different structural modifications of graphite sensitive to the local environment of the correspondingchemical groups and to physical factors like pressure, temperature, and ionic implantation. The deconvolution of the composite bands into individual components has been performed through the subtraction spectra calculation. The origin of doublets and limitations of the applicability of a coupled double resonance concept are discussed. To determine the nature of the considered Raman bands, their fine structure and asymmetry are analyzed and compared with the behavior of similar bands in diamond-like hydrocarbon films and carbon metastable phases under high pressure.
Decel Grid Effects on Ion Thruster Grid Erosion (2008)

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is currently assessing the applicability of the 25-cm Xenon Ion Propulsion System (XIPS) as part of an effort to infuse low-cost technically mature commercial ion thruster systems into NASA deep space missions. Since these mission require extremely long thruster lifetimes to attain the required mission DeltaV, this paper is focused on understanding the dominate wear mechanisms that effect the life of the XIPS three-grid system. Analysis of the XIPS three-grid configuration with JPL's CEX3D grid erosion model shows that the third ldquodecelrdquo grid effectively protects the accel grid from pits and grooves erosion that is commonly seen with two-grid ion thruster grid systems. For a three-grid system, many of the charge-exchange ions created downstream of the grid plane will impact the decel grid at relatively low energies ( ~25 V), instead of impacting the accel grid at high energies ( ~200 V), thus reducing overall erosion. JPL's CEX3D accurately predicts the erosion patterns for the accel grid, although it appears to overpredict the pits and grooves erosion rates due, mainly, to uncertainties in incident energies and angles for sputtering ions and since it does not account for local redeposition of sputtered material. Since the model accurately simulates the erosion pattern but tends to overpredict the erosion rates for both the two- and three-grid sets, this comparative analysis clearly shows how the decel grid significantly suppresses the erosion of the downstream surface of the accel grid as observed in experimental tests. The results also show that the decel grid has a relatively small effect on barrel erosion (erosion of the aperture wall) and erosion of the upstream surface of the accel grid. Decreasing the accel grid voltage of the XIPS can reduce barrel (and total) erosion of the accel grid and should be considered for high-DeltaV missions.
Impact of partitioning on the performance of decomposition methods for AC Optimal Power Flow (2015)

The optimization problems in power systems become larger and larger due to the increased number of variables from distributed generation and flexible loads. Hence, there has been growing interest in decomposition methods that facilitate distributed decision making. However, limited effort has been spent on the actual implementation of decomposition methods including determining how to partition the problem and what information to exchange among subproblems, which may greatly impact the efficiency of decomposition methods. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of partitioning on the convergence speed of decomposition methods for solving the AC Optimal Power Flow problem. In addition, we propose a speed-up method for the Optimality Condition Decomposition by adding a correction term to refine the search direction. Simulations on the IEEE-30 system show that the convergence speed of the decomposition method can be significantly improved by using a proper partition of the system and the correction term.
Numerical Analysis of Mild Combustion Regimes Under Air and Oxyfuel Conditions (2017)

Reactive structures of hot diluted methane counter-flow diffusion flames have been characterized under air-fuel and oxy-fuel combustion condition, by using a standard OPPDIF code with a WSGGM model and a validated detail chemical mechanism. The result shows the gaseous radiation makes the peak temperature be lower and the distributions of temperature change greatly. Characteristic of vanishing of pyrolytic region and increasing of thickness of heat release zones are investigated in detail. The reason for these is the overlap of zones for the positive heat release and the negative heat release. Meanwhile, the combustion regions are established based on Xf –Tf –ΔT sketch map. The results show that MILD combustion is easier to be achieved under oxy-fuel conditions but it is also easier to blown off. Moreover, reaction pathways for feedback combustion and MILD combustion under both air- and oxy-fuel conditions are analyzed. The chemical reaction rate decreases one order of magnitude under MILD combustion. Also, the decreasing of the production of OH and H and the addition of CO2 makes the C1 branch the C2 branch changes greatly under both conditions for MILD combustion.
Disorders of Cobalamin and Folate Metabolism (2016)

Cobalamin C deficiency (cblC) and related disorders of intracellular cobalamin metabolism may present at any time from the prenatal period through adolescence/adulthood and are due to deficiency of the cobalamin cofactors adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin. Chronic complications of cblC depend on the age at presentation and may include poor growth, renal dysfunction, neuropsychiatric manifestations, intellectual disability, strokes, progressive leukoencephalopathy and spinal cord degeneration, psychiatric manifestations and executive function deficits, and optic nerve and retinal anomalies. While less common than in isolated MMA, acute metabolic decompensation may occur in cblC patients due to accumulation of methylmalonic acid and associate metabolites and should be managed as in isolated MMA in conjunction with a metabolic consultant. The most common inborn error of folate (vitamin B9) metabolism relevant for adult patients is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency. Manifestations are primarily neurological, but the disorder may present in a substantial number of adults with psychiatric symptoms. Early recognition with adequate treatment is crucial.
Field-driven ultrafast sub-ns programming in W\Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>\Ti\CuTe-based 1T1R CBRAM system (2012)

We optimize a 90nm-wide CuTe-based 1T1R CBRAM cell for highly controlled and ultrafast programming by engineering Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> electrolyte and Ti buffer layers of appropriate density and thickness resp. By means of electrical and ab initio modeling, we demonstrate that switching is mainly controlled by field-driven motion of Cu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> species. Sub-ns programming is allowed by strong ionic-hopping barrier reduction over short insulating gap. Complete picture of conductance and switching phenomenology is shown in the entire operation range.
CPU-Based Real-Time Surface and Solid Voxelization for Incomplete Point Cloud (2014)

This paper presents a surface and solid voxelization approach for incomplete point cloud datasets. Voxelization stands for a discrete approximation of 3-D objects into a volumetric representation, a process which is commonly employed in computer graphics and increasingly being used in computer vision. In contrast to surface voxelization, solid voxelization not only set those voxels related to the object surface but also those voxels considered to be inside the object. To that end, we first approximate the given point set, usually describing the external object surface, to an axis-aligned voxel grid. Then, we slice-wise construct a shell containing all surface voxels along each grid-axis pair. Finally, voxels inside the constructed shell are set. Solid voxelization results from the combination of all slices, resulting in a watertight and gap-free representation of the object. The experimental results show a high performance when voxelizing point cloud datasets, independently of the object's complexity, robust to noise, and handling large portions of data missing.
Multi-Cylinder Opposed Piston Transient and Exhaust Temperature Management Test Results (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In a recent paper, Opposed-Piston 2-Stroke Multi-Cylinder Engine Dynamometer Demonstration [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] published at the SAE SIAT in India in January 2015, Achates Power presented work related to the first ever opposed piston multi-cylinder engine fuel economy demonstration while meeting US 2010 emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results showed that the research 4.9L three cylinder engine was able to achieve 43% brake thermal efficiency at the best point and almost 42% on average over the 12 modes of the SET cycle. The results from this test confirmed the modelling predictions and carved a very robust path to a 48% best BTE and 46.6% average over the cycle for a production design of this engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With the steady state performance and emissions results achieved, it was time to explore other attributes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this second paper, the OP engine transient capabilities were assessed by testing the engine performance and emissions response under a typical transient maneuver: 25% to 100% load step at low and constant engine speed. It can be seen that during such transition, it is possible to control both NOx and Soot with a minimal torque lag.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Additionally, this paper will present the ability of the OP engine to manage exhaust temperatures. It is shown that the air system control flexibility and robust combustion system that Achates Power developed for the OP engine can be used to achieve high exhaust gas temperatures for a diesel engine at idle-like speeds and loads. In this initial exercise, it is shown that close to 500°C engine out temperature can be achieved at 1100RPM with no torque output.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure S3 from Integrated Human and Murine Clinical Study Establishes Clinical Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3 depicts the overall survival of the total study population.&lt;/p&gt;
Russian guidelines for the management of COPD: algorithm of pharmacologic treatment (2018)

The high prevalence of COPD together with its high level of misdiagnosis and late diagnosis dictate the necessity for the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in order to improve the management of this disease. High-quality, evidence-based international CPGs need to be adapted to the particular situation of each country or region. A new version of the Russian Respiratory Society guidelines released at the end of 2016 was based on the proposal by Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease but adapted to the characteristics of the Russian health system and included an algorithm of pharmacologic treatment of COPD. The proposed algorithm had to comply with the requirements of the Russian Ministry of Health to be included into the unified electronic rubricator, which required a balance between the level of information and the simplicity of the graphic design. This was achieved by: exclusion of the initial diagnostic process, grouping together the common pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures for all patients, and the decision not to use the letters A-D for simplicity and clarity. At all stages of the treatment algorithm, efficacy and safety have to be carefully assessed. Escalation and de-escalation is possible in the case of lack of or insufficient efficacy or safety issues. Bronchodilators should not be discontinued except in the case of significant side effects. At the same time, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) withdrawal is not represented in the algorithm, because it was agreed that there is insufficient evidence to establish clear criteria for ICSs discontinuation. Finally, based on the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease statement, the proposed algorithm reflects and summarizes different approaches to the pharmacological treatment of COPD taking into account the reality of health care in the Russian Federation.
sSupplementary Legends for Figures 1-5 from microRNA-205 Regulates HER3 in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

sSupplementary Legends for Figures 1-5 from microRNA-205 Regulates HER3 in Human Breast Cancer
To Zip or not to Zip: effective resource usage for real-time compression (2013)

Real-time compression for primary storage is quickly becoming widespread as data continues to grow exponentially, but adding compression on the data path consumes scarce CPU and memory resources on the storage system. Our work aims to mitigate this cost by introducing methods to quickly and accurately identify the data that will yield significant space savings when compressed.The first level of filtering that we employ is at the data set level (e.g., volume or file system), where we estimate the overall compressibility of the data at rest. According to the outcome, we may choose to enable or disable compression for the entire data set, or to employ a second level of finer-grained filtering. The second filtering scheme examines data being written to the storage system in an online manner and determines its compressibility.The first-level filtering runs in mere minutes while providing mathematically proven guarantees on its estimates. In addition to aiding in selecting which volumes to compress, it has been released as a public tool, allowing potential customers to determine the effectiveness of compression on their data and to aid in capacity planning. The second-level filtering has shown significant CPU savings (up to 35%) while maintaining compression savings (within 2%).
Shedding light on topical drug uptake (2018)

Linked Article:Alex et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1342–1350.
A context-sensitive-chunk BPTT approach to training deep LSTM/BLSTM recurrent neural networks for offline handwriting recognition (2015)

We propose a context-sensitive-chunk based back-propagation through time (BPTT) approach to training deep (bidirectional) long short-term memory ((B)LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN) that splits each training sequence into chunks with appended contextual observations for character modeling of offline handwriting recognition. Using short context-sensitive chunks in both training and recognition brings following benefits: (1) the learned (B)LSTM will model mainly local character image dependency and the effect of long-range language model information reflected in training data is reduced; (2) mini-batch based training on GPU can be made more efficient; (3) low-latency BLSTM-based handwriting recognition is made possible by incurring only a delay of a short chunk rather than a whole sentence. Our approach is evaluated on IAM offline handwriting recognition benchmark task and performs better than the previous state-of-the-art BPTT-based approaches.
Caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 form heterooligomeric complexes in atrial cardiac myocytes that are required for doxorubicin-induced apoptosis (2007)

Caveolae are 50- to 100-nm invaginations of the plasma membrane. Caveolins are the structural protein components of caveolar membranes. The caveolin gene family is composed of three members: caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and caveolin-3. Caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are coexpressed in many cell types, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. In contrast, caveolin-3 expression is essentially restricted to skeletal and smooth muscle cells as well as cardiac myocytes. While the interaction between caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 has been documented previously, the reciprocal interaction between endogenous caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 and their functional role in cell types expressing both isoforms have yet to be identified. Here we demonstrate for the first time that caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 are coexpressed in mouse and rat cardiac myocytes of the atria but not ventricles. We also found that caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 can interact and form heterooligomeric complexes in this cell type. Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer agent, but its use is limited by the possible development of cardiotoxicity. Using caveolin-1- and caveolin-3-null mice, we show that both caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 expression are required for doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in the atria through activation of caspase 3. Together, these results bring new insight into the functional role of caveolae and suggest that caveolin-1/caveolin-3 heterooligomeric complexes may play a key role in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in the atria.
Electrically pumped mode-locked vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers (1993)

We demonstrate what is to our knowledge the first electrically pumped mode-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The lasing threshold current is 15 mA with a 1% output coupler. The output pulse width is 80 ps at a repetition rate of 1 GHz.
Fast-Transient Radiation-Hardened Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator for Space Applications (2021)

This article presents a fast-transient radiation-hardened low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator integrated in a standard 0.6-μm BiCMOS technology for space and other harsh radiation environment applications. The fabricated LDO consumes 150- μA quiescent current at 6-A maximum output current. An LDO voltage of 300 mV which corresponds to an ultralow R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS(ON)</sub> resistance of 500 mΩ is realized by accurate modeling. A separate fast-transient response circuit under narrow-bandwidth condition is proposed to improve the output voltage transient speed. It operates from an input voltage range of 2.8-5.5 V and provides an output voltage of 2.5 V, with output voltage accuracy of ±2%. The proposed LDO achieves a successful line regulation of 1 mV/V, and a load regulation of 2.16 mV/A. Effective radiation-hardened layout techniques are applied to realize high area-efficient LDO chip, whose total area including pads is 5.35 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which represents only about one-third area of similar radiation-hardened products. Furthermore, a special set of total ionizing dose (TID) experiments and single-event latch-up (SEL) experiments were performed. The measurement results show that the LDO can tolerate up to a TID of 150 krad (Si) and SEL immunity at a linear energy transfer (LET) of 99.8 MeV/(mg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) with proposed layout design.
Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Intramolecular [4 + 4] Cycloadditions: 5. The Type II Reaction in the Synthesis of Bicyclo[5.3.1]undecadienes (1991)

The preparation and type II intramolecular [4 + 4] cycloaddition of a bis-diene is described in connection with studies on the synthesis of taxol (1), crispolide (2), and vulgarolide (3). The required bis-diene is prepared by a carboalumination of an alkyne, giving an iodide which is then coupled in the presence of palladium to a vinyltin to give a stereodefined diene. Elaboration of this system involves the reaction of 2-lithio-1, 3-butadiene with a dienal to give a bis-1,3-diene tethered at the terminus of one diene and the internal position of the other. Cycloaddition of this bis-diene mediated by a nickel(0)/tri-o-biphenyl phosphite catalyst provides a bicyclo[5.3.1]undecadiene, a ring system common to a variety of complex molecules.
A new binocular approach to the treatment of Amblyopia in adults well beyond the critical period of visual development (2010)

This provides the basis for a new treatment of amblyopia, one that is purely binocular and aimed at reducing suppression as a first step.
Versatile Mesoporous Microblocks Prepared by Pattern‐Induced Cracking of Colloidal Films (2023)

Mesoporous microparticles have the potential to be used in various fields, such as energy generation, sensing, and the environmental field. Recently, the process of making homogeneous microparticles in an economical and environmentally friendly way has gained much attention. Herein, rectangular mesoporous microblocks of various designs are produced by manipulating the fragmentation of colloidal films consisting of micropyramids while controlling the notch angles of pyramidal edges. During calcination of the colloidal films, cracks are generated in the valleys of micropyramids acting as notches, and the angle of notches can be controlled by the prepattern underneath the micropyramids. By changing the location of notches with sharp angles, the shape of microblocks can be controlled with excellent uniformity. After detaching the microblocks from substrates, mesoporous microparticles of various sizes with multiple functions are easily produced. This study demonstrates anti-counterfeiting functions by encoding the rotation angles of rectangular microblocks of various sizes. In addition, the mesoporous microparticles can be utilized for separating desired chemicals mixed with chemicals of different charges. The method of fabricating size-tunable functionalized mesoporous microblocks can be a platform technology to prepare special films and catalysts and for environmental applications.