gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vela pulsar: single pulses analysis with machine learning techniques (2021)

ABSTRACT We study individual pulses of Vela (PSR B0833−45/J0835−4510) from daily observations of over 3 h (around 120 000 pulses per observation), performed simultaneously with the two radio telescopes at the Argentine Institute of Radioastronomy. We select four days of observations in 2021 January to March and study their statistical properties with machine learning techniques. We first use Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise clustering techniques, associating pulses mainly by amplitudes, and find a correlation between higher amplitudes and earlier arrival times. We also find a weaker (polarization dependent) correlation with the mean width of the pulses. We identify clusters of the so-called mini-giant pulses, with ∼10 times the average pulse amplitude. We then perform an independent study, with Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) clustering techniques. We use Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) reconstruction of the pulses to separate them clearly from the noise and select one of the days of observation to train VAE and apply it to the rest of the observations. We use SOM to determine four clusters of pulses per day per radio telescope and conclude that our main results are robust and self-consistent. These results support models for emitting regions at different heights (separated each by roughly a hundred km) in the pulsar magnetosphere. We also model the pulses amplitude distribution with interstellar scintillation patterns at the inter-pulses time-scale finding a characterizing exponent nISS ∼ 7–10. In the appendices, we discuss independent checks of hardware systematics with the simultaneous use of the two radio telescopes in different one-polarization/two-polarizations configurations. We also provide a detailed analysis of the processes of radio-interferences cleaning and individual pulse folding.
Microscope-integrated micromanipulator based on multiple VCSEL traps (2004)

The compactness of VCSELs (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers) provides them the ability to meet the demands of current biochip technologies. In earlier research, optical trapping of live biological cells and microspheres based on VCSEL array has been realized in the form of parallel static traps on a translation stage. In microfluidic systems (lab-on-a-chip devices), the background flow introduces complexity and uncertainty in velocity and force analysis on target microparticles, making the capability of transporting biological objects without moving sample highly desirable. Moreover independently controllable traps offer more flexibility in microparticle manipulation. In this paper, a microscope-integrated VCSEL trapping system capable of independent control and batch processing of microparticles is devised and demonstrated. Optical design considerations for keeping stable trapping performance while multiplexing are addressed. Both a single optical trap and a trap array can be controlled independently by tilting mirror while their relative depth can be adjusted without power loses in optical system. In the micromanipulator, a single VCSEL trap serves as a collector and distributor, while a VCSEL array provides the carrier for synchronous processing and small range shift. Potential improvement based on two independently controlled VCSEL arrays is discussed and related applications are investigated.
Compressive sensing in the EO/IR (2015)

We investigate the utility of compressive sensing (CS) to electro-optic and infrared (EO/IR) applications. We introduce the field through a discussion of historical antecedents and the development of the modern CS framework. Basic economic arguments (in the broadest sense) are presented regarding the applicability of CS to the EO/IR and used to draw conclusions regarding application areas where CS would be most viable. A number of experimental success stories are presented to demonstrate the overall feasibility of the approaches, and we conclude with a discussion of open challenges to practical adoption of CS methods.
Association of neuropsychiatric symptoms and sub-syndromes with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Asian elderly (2015)

The presence of NPS and sub-syndromes increase with increasing severities of cognitive impairment, and different neuropsychiatric syndromes are associated with specific impairment on cognitive domains in community-dwelling Asian elderly.
Infrared Optical Fibers for Sensors (2012)

At NRL, we are involved in the research and development of specialty infrared optical fibers, glasses, ceramics, and thin films. We have state-of-the-art facilities for making high purity chemicals and unique optical materials of high quality, which are being exploited in optical devices and systems for Navy and DoD applications. One of the core scientific areas that we have pioneered is based primarily on infrared (IR) transmitting glasses and fibers. The IR transmitting glasses are based on chalcogenide materials (S, Se, Te, and their alloys and compounds). One of our major accomplishments has been the purification of these elements and materials to levels well beyond the previous state-of-the-art. This has enabled us to reduce the absorption losses in these materials for both the mid-wave and long wave IR spectral regions. In addition to their use in bulk optics such as windows, we have developed these materials for optical fibers and their applications. The fibers and their applications can be split into two main groups, namely passive and active. In the case of passive fibers, they merely act as a light pipe, transferring infrared energy from one location to another. In the case of active fibers, they actually change the wavelength of light exiting the fiber. Some examples of both are highlighted below.
Electron-induced nucleophilic substitution reactions in organometallic systems (1981)

Electrolytically produced anion radicals of several organocobalt and organoiron compounds react rapidly with phosphine or phosphite nucleophiles and are reoxidized to the substitution products at the electrode or by the parent compounds.
Defibrillator Challenges for the New Millennium: (2000)

Although it has become clear that implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are effective, important challenges remain for the physician. Due to the limitations of available risk stratification tools, patient selection for primary sudden death prevention remains controversial in many populations. Additionally, the proliferation of device choices has led to challenges in matching the appropriate device to the individual patient: device size is balanced against longevity; the advantages of dual chamber systems is weighed against their increased complexity; physician and patient preferences in device implant site are constrained by site-dependent effects on defibrillation effectiveness and lead failure rates; and special consideration must be given to the patient with a preexisting pacemaker. After ICD placement, determination of appropriate follow-up frequency and methodology to assess device function must be considered. This article will review patient selection, device implant site selection, device-device interactions, single versus dual chamber ICD selection, and follow-up.
Advances in Photodynamic Therapy: Basic, Translational and Clinical (2008)

With today's focus on targeted and minimally invasive therapies, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now being studied and used to combat many disease states and to investigate critical biological questions. This groundbreaking resource brings you the latest advances in photodynamic therapy and offers you a solid understanding of the design, delivery and dosimetry of the three basic ingredients of PDT - photosensitizers, light and oxygen. The book covers novel areas of mechanistic and innovative translational approaches. Moreover, it gives you an overview of the important medical applications of PDT, including approved treatments, clinical trials, and investigated therapies for cancer and non-malignant diseases.
Two-Channel Monopulse Antenna Null Steering (2020)

Traditional dual-channel phase-monopulse and amplitude-monopulse antenna systems might electrically steer their difference-channel nulls by suitably adjusting characteristics of their constituent beams or lobes. A phase-monopulse systems' null might be steered by applying suitable relative phase shifts. An amplitude-monopulse systems' null might be steered by applying a suitable relative beam amplitude scaling. The steering of the null might be employed by a continuously mechanically-scanning antenna to stabilize the null direction over a series of radar pulses.
Modulation of Muscle Derived Cell Survival with N‐acetylcysteine and Dietyl Maleate: Implication for Muscle Cell Based Therapies (2010)

A major issue with cellular transplantation for cardiac repair has been the poor survival of transplanted cells. Cells that have increased survival under stressful conditions could result in improved function. We have previously shown that treating muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) with antioxidants improves functional cardiac repair, however one of the most abundant cells from skeletal muscle that have been used for cardiac repair is myoblasts. We hypothesize that by altering the level of antioxidants in myoblasts, we will see a similar influence on cell survival and cardiac repair. To examine this, we reduced levels of the antioxidant glutathione with diethyl maleate (DEM) and treated cells with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), which increases antixoidants. We have examined in vitro characteristics of survival, proliferation, and fusion. Treatment with NAC improved cell survival after oxidative stress compared to DEM and untreated cells. Treatment with DEM decreases fusion compared to NAC and control. Treatment with NAC is simple, inexpensive, and does not cause a permanent transformation of the cells, making this extremely attractive as a potential clinical treatment for cell therapy. This work was supported in part by the Cardiovascular Bioengineering Training Program T‐32 5T32HL076124‐05.
Progress and Limits of the Numerical Simulation of SiC Bulk and Epitaxy Growth Processes (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Production of functional IL-18 by different subtypes of murine and human dendritic cells (DC): DC-derived IL-18 enhances IL-12-dependent Th1 development (1998)

IL-18 is a recently described cytokine that shares biological activities with IL-12 in driving the development of Th1-type T cells. As dendritic cells (DC) are very potent inducers of T cell proliferation and differentiation we wondered whether they utilize IL-18 as a factor driving Th1 development. We demonstrate by Northern blot and reverse transcription-PCR that various subtypes of human and murine DC as well as the DC-line XS contain IL-18 mRNA. When supernatants of either enriched Langerhans cells (LC) or bone marrow-derived DC were analyzed for production of IL-18 protein, IL-18 production was detected in an IL-18-specific ELISA. To assess whether the IL-18 protein released by DC is functional, we performed a sensitive bioassay using the IL-18-dependent stimulation of concanavalin A-stimulated T cells. Both, supernatants from bone marrow-derived DC and enriched LC induced IFN-gamma production in the T cells. This production was partially inhibitable by addition of anti-IL-18 antiserum. In a TCR-transgenic mouse system we further demonstrate that DC-derived IL-18 potentiates IL-12-dependent Th1 development. Using DC derived from IL-12 knockout animals, we show that DC-derived IL-18 by itself is not capable of inducing Th1 cell differentiation. Together the data demonstrate that subtypes of DC are able to release functional IL-18 that is able to induce IFN-gamma production and Th1 differentiation in primed T cells.
Ultrasound shear wave attenuation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: performance of the revisited frequency-shift method with pre-clinical and human datasets (2023)

Assessment of ultrasound shear wave attenuation (SWA) can increase the accuracy of liver steatosis grading. Recent developments allowed to propose the revisited frequency shift method for SWA imaging. This method was tested on force-fed ducks for foie gras production (n = 6), and a feasibility study on patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH n = 27 + 13 healthy volunteers) was conducted. Liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) were available as reference standards. For the human study, shear wave dispersion (SWD) was also computed. A subset of participants had repeated measurements (&amp;lt;1-month) to assess repeatability. The mean SWA (coefficient of variation within the attenuation map) for healthy duck livers were 0.77 (0.66), 1.18 (0.22), and 1.52 Np/m/Hz (0.14), and for fatty duck livers they were higher at 3.13 (0.55), 3.16 (0.24), and 4.84 Np/m/Hz (0.23). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using biopsy as reference were compared for steatosis grades &amp;gt;0 (&amp;gt;S0), &amp;gt;S1, and &amp;gt;S2. SWA was as good as MRI-PDFF, and both were better than SWD for steatosis grading (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The repeatability of SWA was very good (mean intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97). In summary, SWA seems promising to become an ultrasound reference standard for steatosis grading in NASH.
Predicting Bucket-Filling Control Actions of a Wheel-Loader Operator Using a Neural Network Ensemble (2018)

Automatic bucket filling is an open problem since three decades. In this paper, we address this problem with supervised machine learning using data collected from manual operation. The range-normalized actuations of lift joystick, tilt joystick and throttle pedal are predicted using information from sensors on the machine and the prediction errors are quantified. We apply linear regression, k-nearest neighbors, neural networks, regression trees and ensemble methods and find that an ensemble of neural networks results in the most accurate predictions. The prediction root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of the lift action exceeds that of the tilt and throttle actions, and we obtain an RMSE below 0.2 for complete bucket fillings after training with as little as 135 bucket filling examples.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Liquid Phase Oxidation with Supported Metal Nanoparticles (2012)

Abstract Review: 206 refs.
Amyloid β 1-42 deposits do not lead to Alzheimer's neuritic plaques in aged dogs (1996)

In alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta (A beta) is deposited in senile plaques and amyloid angiopathy. Longer A beta peptides, which extend to residue 42 (A beta 42), have been suggested to be critical for the seeding of amyloid. Aged dogs develop cerebral vessel amyloid and parenchymal preamyloid lesions. Preamyloid in humans is related to senile plaques, whereas in dogs such progression is rare. We evaluated the composition of aged canine vessel amyloid and preamyloid both biochemically and immunohistochemically. The vessel amyloid extended mainly to residue 40 (A beta 40), while preamyloid contained a mixture of A beta 17-42 and A beta 42, with minimal A beta 40. Our results suggest other factors besides A beta 42 are important for neuritic plaque formation.
Inhibition of translation initiation complex formation by GE81112 unravels a 16S rRNA structural switch involved in P-site decoding (2016)

In prokaryotic systems, the initiation phase of protein synthesis is governed by the presence of initiation factors that guide the transition of the small ribosomal subunit (30S) from an unlocked preinitiation complex (30S preIC) to a locked initiation complex (30SIC) upon the formation of a correct codon-anticodon interaction in the peptidyl (P) site. Biochemical and structural characterization of GE81112, a translational inhibitor specific for the initiation phase, indicates that the main mechanism of action of this antibiotic is to prevent P-site decoding by stabilizing the anticodon stem loop of the initiator tRNA in a distorted conformation. This distortion stalls initiation in the unlocked 30S preIC state characterized by tighter IF3 binding and a reduced association rate for the 50S subunit. At the structural level we observe that in the presence of GE81112 the h44/h45/h24a interface, which is part of the IF3 binding site and forms ribosomal intersubunit bridges, preferentially adopts a disengaged conformation. Accordingly, the findings reveal that the dynamic equilibrium between the disengaged and engaged conformations of the h44/h45/h24a interface regulates the progression of protein synthesis, acting as a molecular switch that senses and couples the 30S P-site decoding step of translation initiation to the transition from an unlocked preIC to a locked 30SIC state.
Anti-Cancer Potential of Homemade Fresh Garlic Extract Is Related to Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2018)

The use of garlic and garlic-based extracts has been linked to decreased incidence of cancer in epidemiological studies. Here we examine the molecular and cellular activities of a simple homemade ethanol-based garlic extract (GE). We show that GE inhibits growth of several different cancer cells in vitro, as well as cancer growth in vivo in a syngeneic orthotopic breast cancer model. Multiple myeloma cells were found to be especially sensitive to GE. The GE was fractionated using solid-phase extractions, and we identified allicin in one GE fraction; however, growth inhibitory activities were found in several additional fractions. These activities were lost during freeze or vacuum drying, suggesting that the main anti-cancer compounds in GE are volatile. The anti-cancer activity was stable for more than six months in &minus;20 &deg;C. We found that GE enhanced the activities of chemotherapeutics, as well as MAPK and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, GE affected hundreds of proteins involved in cellular signalling, including changes in vital cell signalling cascades regulating proliferation, apoptosis, and the cellular redox balance. Our data indicate that the reduced proliferation of the cancer cells treated by GE is at least partly mediated by increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
Growth of curved graphene sheets on graphite by chemical vapor deposition (2009)

We report a synthesis route of a carbon-based structure, curved graphene sheet (CGS). The CGS grows by catalytic chemical vapor deposition autoselectively at the stacked bilayer edges of graphite support, providing an atomically smooth connection of the edges. We propose a growth mechanism based on Fe nanoparticle diffusion along the step edges, acting as a nanozipper. The work addresses with a simple experimental method, the edge engineering in graphene bilayer systems. The results may have a significant impact on the fabrication of new carbon nanostructures and their integration into nanoelectronics.
Kinetics of thrombomodulin release and endothelial cell injury by neutrophil‐derived proteases and oxygen radicals (2002)

Thrombomodulin is a transmembranous glycoprotein of endothelial cells. In vitro it is a marker of endothelial cell injury. In vivo the levels of serum thrombomodulin are regarded as a parameter of activity in vasculitides. The latter are pathophysiologically determined by neutrophil-derived inflammation and endothelial cell injury caused by secretion of proteases and hydrogen peroxide. It was the objective of this study to determine whether thrombomodulin is only a late marker of advanced endothelial cell injury or whether it indicates also earlier stages of cell alterations. Over 24 hr endothelial cell cultures were incubated with hydrogen peroxide or the neutrophil proteases proteinase-3, elastase and cathepsin G. The time-dependent increase of thrombomodulin in the supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot. In addition the viability (eosin, tetrazolium dye assay), detachment (crystal-violet assay), and apoptosis (4',6-diamine-2'-phenylindole-dihydrochloride assay) of the respective endothelial cells were determined for adherent and non-adherent cells. A rapid thrombomodulin increase was found under all experimental conditions. The additional immunoblotting analysis showed the pattern of proteolytic cleavage caused by the protease reactivity. In case of hydrogen peroxide the thrombomodulin increase was closely correlated with the loss of cell viability and lysis. The incubation of endothelial cells with the different proteases resulted in a time-dependent detachment of primarily viable cells. In addition to cell necrosis apoptotic cell death was found in the subgroup of detached endothelial cells after prolonged incubation over 24 hr with proteinase-3 (23%), elastase (31%), and cathepsin G (19%). In contrast, still adhering cells did not show any signs of necrosis or apoptosis. In summary these studies confirm in vitro that soluble thrombomodulin is not only a parameter of advanced endothelial cell destruction itself but also in addition an early marker of initial endothelial cell membrane changes induced by neutrophil derived proteases and oxygen radicals.
"Flow Visualization" Juxtaposed With "Visualization of Flow": Synergistic Opportunities Between Two Communities (Invited)" (2013)

Visualization is often employed as part of the simulation science pipeline. It is the window through which scientists examine their data for deriving new science, and the lens used to view modeling and discretization interactions within their simulations. We advocate that, as a component of the simulation science pipeline, itself must be explicitly considered as part of the Validation and Veri cation (V&V) process. But what does this mean in a research area that has two \disciplinary homes { visualization within the computer science / computational science area and \visualization of ow within the aeronautics community. Are aeronautics practitioners merely making use of algorithms developed within the community that have now become \standard through their incorporation into various tools, or rather does one nd both development of algorithms and their usage for studying fundamental and engineering uid mechanics in both communities, with possibly di erent focus. By narrowing the distance between research and development, and use of techniques, one is left with a fertile ground for insights, and for increasing the reliability of results through V&V. In this paper, we explore visualization from the perspective of the community and \visualization of ow from the perspective of the aeronautics community in an attempt to understand how both communities can interact synergistically to bring into the simulation science pipeline. We provide a brief review of the state-of-the-art in from the perspective of both communities, discuss advances in research areas such as color maps/perception and uncertainty about which the AIAA community should be aware, provide some observations from both perspectives on visualizations currently published in two of the communities’ representative journals (IEEE TVCG and AIAA Journal), and then conclude by highlighting some areas of possible synergistic interaction that might bene t both communities.