gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interdigitated rear contact solar cells with amorphous silicon heterojunction emitter (2010)

Thin layers of intrinsic and doped amorphous silicon have been used as the emitter in a processing scheme to form heterojunction interdigitated back contact (HJ-IBC) solar cells. Such processing involved depositing the emitter across the wafer, and subsequent patterning to define the base and emitter regions. Average cell efficiencies of 14.6% have been achieved (with a best cell efficiency of 15.2%), with average short circuit current densities as high as 37.8 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (maximum 39.1 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), demonstrating the potential of such a solar cell structure. However, the open circuit voltage and fill factor values are lower than could be expected. The reasons behind this are discussed, as are proposed solutions to further enhance the cell performance.
Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty: Results in the first consecutive 3,000 patients (1994)

Excimer laser angioplasty can be safely and effectively applied, even in a variety of complex lesions not well suited for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. These types may include aorto-ostial, long lesions, total occlusions crossable with a wire, diffuse disease and vein grafts. Most recent data show a trend for the selection of predominantly complex lesions and a reduction in the incidence of perforation. This procedure may broaden the therapeutic window for the interventional treatment of selected complex coronary artery disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Factors Affecting Regioselectivity in the Intramolecular Diyl Trapping Reaction (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dendrimer-platinate (1999)

A polyamidoamine (PAMAM®) dendrimer generation 3.5 with a sodium carboxylate surface was conjugated to cisplatin giving a dendrimer-platinate (dendrimer-Pt; 20–25 wt% platinum) which was highly water soluble and released platinum slowly in vitro. In vivo the dendrimer-Pt and cisplatin were equi-active i.p. against i.p. L1210, and at high dose dendrimer-Pt given i.p. showed activity against i.p. B16F10 whereas cisplatin did not. Additionally, when administered i.v. to treat a palpable s.c. B16F10 melanoma, the dendrimer-Pt displayed antitumor activity whereas cisplatin was inactive. Measurement of platinum levels in blood and tissues after i.v. injection of cisplatin (1 mg/kg) or dendrimer-Pt (15 mg/kg)—the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of these compounds—showed selective accumulation of the dendrimer-Pt in solid tumor tissue by the EPR effect (a 50-fold increase in area under curve compared with cisplatin). The dendrimer-Pt was also less toxic (3− toi 5-fold) than cisplatin and thus has potential for further investigation as a novel antitumor approach.
Characterization of cellulase from E. coli BPPTCC-EGRK2 (2018)

Cellulase enzymes are widely used in various industries such as detergent industry, bioethanol, animal feed, textile and paper. This research focused on characterization of cellulase produced from Eschericia coli BPPT-CC EgRK2, which is a recombinant that can produce protein enzymes endo- β-1,4-glucanase. Eschericia coli BPPT-CC EgRK2 was cultured in 1 litre liquid medium Luria Bertani. Because the bacteria is intracellular, sonication is needed for cell disruption to get the cellulase enzyme. The enzyme activity was then analyzed by CMC substrate at different concentration. The protein content analysis was carried out using Bradford method; the molecular weight analysis was done using SDS-PAGE; while the enzyme kinetics was plotted using Michaelis-Menten model. Our results showed the highest enzyme activity was 2.403 U/ml and the protein concentration was 5.352 mg/ml. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) for CMC substrate hydrolysis were 0.07 μmol/ml and 2.49 μmol/ml/sec, respectively. The cellulase molecular weight was 58 kDa using SDS-PAGE with 7.5% stacking gel. The results indicated that Eschericia coli BPPT-CC EgRK2 is a promising renewable source for cellulase production for industrial application.
The structure of TTHA0988 fromThermus thermophilus, a KipI–KipA homologue incorrectly annotated as an allophanate hydrolase (2011)

The Thermus thermophilus protein TTHA0988 is a protein of unknown function which represents a fusion of two proteins found almost ubiquitously across the bacterial kingdom. These two proteins perform a role regulating sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, where they are known as KipI and KipA. kipI and kipA genes are usually found immediately adjacent to each other and are often fused to produce a single polypeptide, as is the case with TTHA0988. Here, three crystal forms are reported of TTHA0988, the first structure to be solved from the family of `KipI-KipA fusion' proteins. Comparison of the three forms reveals structural flexibility which can be described as a hinge motion between the `KipI' and `KipA' components. TTHA0988 is annotated in various databases as a putative allophanate hydrolase. However, no such activity could be identified and genetic analysis across species with known allophanate hydrolases indicates that a misannotation has occurred.
Additive Effect of Palladium on the Catalytic Activity of In/TiO2–ZrO2 for the Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide in the Presence of Water Vapor (1997)

Abstract The additive effect of noble metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ir) on the catalytic activity of In/TiO2–ZrO2 for the selective reduction of NO with propene in the presence of water vapor was investigated. Although NO reduction activity of In/TiO2–ZrO2 was inhibited drastically by coexisting water vapor, the addition of palladium was capable of depressing the retarding effect. The presence of both indium and palladium was necessary for the enhancement of NO reduction activity, and this was accounted for by a synergistic effect between palladium and indium. Optimum indium and palladium loadings were at 2—5 wt% and 0.005 wt%, respectively. It is suggested that the NO reduction on Pd/In/TiO2–ZrO2 by propene proceeds via the following consecutive steps: the formation of oxygenated intermediates by the reaction of propene with oxygen on palladium, a spillover of the intermediates from palladium to indium and reaction between the intermediates and NO2 to form N2 on indium.
Entangled-photon six-state quantum cryptography (2002)

We have implemented the 'six-state' quantum cryptography protocol using polarization-entangled photon pairs, in which the polarization of each photon of a pair is measured in one of three randomly chosen bases. For a given amount of eavesdropping, this protocol results in a larger error rate than in four- or two-state protocols, but reduces the number of key-producing events. We have experimentally investigated several incoherent eavesdropping strategies, and verified the predicted enhancement in error rate. However, we demonstrate that for low error rates, the efficiency for secret key generation is higher when using the four-state protocol.
IL-21 ALTERS IMMUNE REGULATION AND PROMOTES TH17 IN ALLORESPONSE (2008)

Koulmanda, M; Hanidziar, D; Fan, Z; Kroemer, A; Xiao, X; Strom, T B. Author Information
1P1-L05 High Speed 3D Measurement Module using Profile Sensor : The Study of Distortion Correction Method using a Flat Panel LCD and OpenCV(Future of Optronics) (2012)

We have developed an intelligent CMOS sensor named Profile Sensor with sampling rate at 3200Hz of X and Y projection images. The Profile Sensor is a unique CMOS area image sensor aimed at high-speed position sensing by detecting projection images of X and Y-axes. We have constructed a stereo sensing module by using two pieces of Profile Sensor and confirmed the characteristics of the Profile Sensor for high-speed three-dimensional position detection of multi spots by using LEDs or reflectors as a target patterns. We have demonstrated the sensor has high speed and high accurate position measurement capability and the intelligent sensing technique can be useful for industrial and amusement applications.
Activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and fatty acid transacylase is essential but not sufficient for thrombin-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation (2008)

Thrombin is a potent stimulant of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in inflammatory conditions, leading to pathological thickening of vascular walls in atherosclerosis and airway remodeling in asthma. Cell proliferation requires the formation and remodeling of cell membrane phospholipids (PLs), involving the activation of PL-metabolizing enzymes. Yet, the role of specific PL-metabolizing enzymes in SMC proliferation has hardly been studied. To bridge this gap, in the present study, we investigated the role of key enzymes involved in PL metabolism, the PL-hydrolyzing enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and the PL-synthesizing enzyme lysophosphatidic acid-fatty acid transacylase (LPAAT), in thrombin-induced proliferation of bovine aortic SMCs (BASMCs). Concomitantly with the induction of BASMC proliferation, thrombin activated cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2-alpha), expressed by selective release of arachidonic acid and mRNA expression, as well as LPAAT, expressed by nonselective incorporation of fatty acid and mRNA expression. Specific inhibitors of these enzymes, arachidonyl-trifluoromethyl-ketone for cPLA2 and thimerosal for LPAAT, suppressed their activities, concomitantly with suppression of BASMC proliferation, suggesting a mandatory requirement for cPLA2 and LPAAT activation in thrombin-induced SMC proliferation. Thrombin acts through the protease-activated receptor (PAR-1), and, accordingly, we found that thrombin-induced BASMC proliferation was suppressed by the PAR-1 inhibitor SCH-79797. However, the PAR-1 inhibitor did not prevent thrombin-induced mRNA expression of cPLA2 and LPAAT, implying that the activation of cPLA2 and LPAAT is essential but not sufficient for thrombin-induced proliferation of BASMCs.
Enhanced Thermal Map Prediction and Floor Plan Optimization in Electronic Devices Considering Sub-Continuum Thermal Effects (2011)

In current and next-generation semiconductor electronic devices, sub-continuum heat transfer effects and non-uniform power distribution across the die surface lead to large temperature gradients and localized hot spots on the die. These hot spots can adversely affect device performance and reliability. In this work, we propose an enhanced method for thermal map prediction that considers sub-continuum thermal transport effects and show their impact in floor plan optimization. Sub-continuum effects are expressed in terms of an effective thermal conductivity. We introduce and calibrate a 2D thermal model of the die for fast simulation of thermal effects under non-uniform power generation scenarios. The calibrated 2D model is then used to study the impact of the effective thermal conductivity on the thermal map prediction and floor plan optimization. Results show that sub-continuum effects radically change both the predicted thermal performance and the optimal floor plan configurations.
Psychoacoustic optimization of a robust feedback active noise controller for headphones (2021)

Broadband time-invariant feedback (FB) controllers can be designed to cancel unwanted noise components with a single error microphone on each side of a headphone. This paper presents an optimization routine based on the genetic algorithm (GA) approach to set the boundaries for a mixed-sensitivity H<sub>∞</sub> controller. The FB controllers are designed with the different target functions, sound pressure level (SPL), perceived loudness and perceived sharpness based on test signals with different spectral characteristics. The optimization for loudness and SPL shows proper results, while the optimization for sharpness can only be recommended to a limited extent.
Endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations following radiosurgery. (1993)

Embolization can be used after radiosurgery to assist in the management of those AVMs that have not responded to initial treatment.
Incorporation of an Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Motif in the Side Chain of 4-Aminoquinolines Enhances Activity against Drug-Resistant P. falciparum (2006)

Previous data showing that several chloroquine analogues containing an intramolecular hydrogen-bonding motif were potent against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum led to the exploration of the importance of this motif. A series of 116 compounds containing four different alkyl linkers and various aromatic substitutions with hydrogen bond accepting capability was synthesized. The series showed broad potency against the drug-resistant W2 strain of P. falciparum. In particular, a novel series containing variations of the alpha-aminocresol motif gave eight compounds with IC50 values more potent than 5 nM against the W2 strain. Such simple modifications, significantly altering the pKa and sterics of the basic side chain in chloroquine analogues, may prove to be part of a strategy for overcoming the problem of worldwide resistance to affordable antimalarial drugs.
Low-dimensional chaos and high-dimensional behavior in the switching charge-density-wave conductorNbSe3 (1993)

We study the dynamics of the switching charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ in the presence of combined dc and ac electric fields. At a driving frequency of 20 MHz, the dynamics are both low-dimensional and chaotic, while at lower drive frequencies (5 MHz) high-dimensional dynamics are observed. Analysis of the time series provides Lyapunov exponents, and an estimate for the number of active degrees of freedom for the low-dimensional chaotic behavior. The principal nonlinearity which gives rise to the low-dimensional chaos in switching CDW's is shown to be the hysteresis in the depinning transition, rather than the interaction between two frequencies.
A platform for creating efficient, robust, and resilient peer-to-peer systems (2010)

The rapid growth of communication environments such as the Internet has spurred the development of a wide range of systems and applications based on peer-to-peer ideologies. As these applications continue to evolve, there is an increasing effort towards improving their overall performance. This effort has led to the incorporation of measurement-based adaptivity mechanisms and network awareness into peer-to-peer applications, which can greatly increase peer-to-peer performance and dependability. Unfortunately, these mechanisms are often vulnerable to attack, making the entire solution less suitable for real-world deployment. In this dissertation, we study how to create robust systems components for adaptivity, network awareness, and responding to identified threats. These components can form the basis for creating efficient, high-performance, and resilient peer-to-peer systems.
Molecular epitaxy of pseudomorphic Ge1−ySny(y= 0.06–0.17) structures and devices on Si/Ge at ultra-low temperatures via reactions of Ge4H10and SnD4 (2017)

A low-pressure CVD technique was specifically developed to prepare a new class of pseudomorphic Ge1−ySny layers, with an Sn content up to 17% on Ge-buffered Si(100) wafers. The growth is conducted via reactions of SnD4 and the recently deployed Ge4H10 custom precursor, whose large molecular weight and enhanced reactivity enables depositions at unprecedented ultra-low temperatures (150 °C–200 °C), and at pressures akin to those typically employed in solid/gas-source MBE. The thicknesses of the layers far exceed the critical limits predicted by thermodynamic considerations and are either comparable to, or larger than, those observed for MBE-grown samples. This is validated by modeling of the thickness versus the composition for the fully strained and partially relaxed alloys produced in this work relative to the MBE and CVD-grown analogs reported in the literature. Furthermore, the practical relevance of the technique was demonstrated by creating highly doped n-type alloys, which were then used as active layers to fabricate degenerate pn junctions. It was also found that the strained films gradually relax with increasing thickness, providing new types of strain-free material with enhanced optical quality relative to those produced by standard CVD methods, as evidenced by the photoluminescence studies. The strain relaxation mechanism appears to be similar to that observed in CVD-grown samples, with no sign of epitaxial breakdown or precipitous degradation of the bulk crystallinity or surface morphology, in spite of the low growth temperatures employed. Finally, we note that this method represents the first example of a chemically driven route that delivers materials with the desirable properties afforded by MBE, while offering the potential for those practical applications inherent to large-scale CVD.
GW24-e2927 Low dose quantitative myocardial CT perfusion with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction: a microspheres validation study (2013)

Objectives We validated the effectiveness of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR, GE Healthcare (GE)) for minimising image noise in low dose quantitative myocardial perfusion (MP) imaging against microspheres MP measurement. Methods Iodinated contrast (Isovue 370, 0.7 mgI × kg -1 ) was injected at 3 to 4 mls-1 into 68 ± 25 kg normal pigs via an ear vein and the heart was scanned using a GE Discovery 750HD scanner with a prospectively ECG triggered dynamic protocol (Snapshot Pulse (SSP), GE): axial scan every 1–2 heart beats for 22 scans using 140 kV, 0.35 s gantry period and 80 mA (normal dose). MP measurement was repeated with the x-ray tube current reduced to 20 mA (low dose). The normal- and low-dose SSP images were reconstructed using filtered backprojection (FBP) (SSP80) and both FBP (SSP20FBP) and ASIR (SSP20ASIR) respectively. All images were corrected for beam hardening from which MP maps were generated using CT Perfusion (GE). After the CT perfusion studies, fluorescent microspheres were injected into the left atrial appendage of the heart to measure MP. Mean MP measured with microspheres and the three CT image sets in 45 segments from the lateral, apical and septal wall in 15 slices from three pigs were compared using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Effective dose (ED) of each SSP protocol was estimated from the dose-length product provided by the scanner. Results SSP80 images exhibited the highest correlation with microspheres (R = 0.69) compared to SSP20ASIR (R = 0.60) and SSP20FBP (R = 0.57). SSP80 images also showed the smallest difference in mean MP from microspheres and narrowest limits of agreement with microspheres (7.0 and -32.9 to 46.8 ml × min -1 × 100g -1 (80)) compared to SSP20ASIR (11.3 and -35.3 to 57.8 (93)) and SSP20FBP (15.7 and -32.8 to 64.1 (97)). ED of the SSP80 and SSP20 protocols were 4.5 and 1.1 mSv respectively. Conclusions Noise in low dose SSP images reconstructed with FBP was excessive which led to less accurate and reproducible MP estimation with CT Perfusion but such errors could be reduced with ASIR. With the proposed image acquisition and reconstruction approaches, MP measurement with low dose CT Perfusion is a feasible alternative to MRI and SPECT for studying ischemic heart disease.
Genetics of type II glycogenosis: Assignment of the human gene for acid α-glucosidase to chromosome 17 (1979)

We have studied somatic cell hybrids between thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.75) deficient mouse cells and human diploid fibroblasts for the expression of human acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20). A deficiency in this enzyme is associated with the type II glycogenosis or Pompe disease. All 30 somatic cell hybrids selected in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium expressed human acid alpha-glucosidase and galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6) and retained human chromosome 17; counterselection of the same hybrids in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine resulted in the growth of hybrids that concordantly lost the expression of human acid alpha-glucosidase and galactokinase as well as human chromosome 17. Hybrids between thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells and fibroblasts from a patient with Pompe disease that contained human chromosome 17 were found not to express human acid alpha-glucosidase. Because we have already shown that hybrids between mouse peritoneal macrophages and GM54VA simian virus 40-transformed human cells selectively retain human chromosome 17 and lose all other human chromosomes, we tested 13 independent mouse macrophage x GM54VA hybrid clones, including two that retained human chromosome 17 and no other human chromosomes, for the expression of human acid alpha-glucosidase and galactokinase. All 13 hybrid clones were found to express these human enzymes. Thus, we conclude that the gene coding for human acid alpha-glucosidase is located on human chromosome 17.
Comparison of EBV DNA viral load in whole blood, plasma, B‐cells and B‐cell culture supernatant (2013)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome quantitation in whole blood is used widely for therapeutic monitoring of EBV-associated disorders in immunosuppressed individuals and in patients with EBV-associated lymphoma. However, the most appropriate biological material to be used for EBV DNA quantitation remains a subject of debate. This study compare the detection rate and levels of EBV DNA from whole blood, plasma, enriched B-cells, and B-cell short-term culture supernatant using quantitative real-time PCR. Samples were collected from 33 subjects with either HIV infection or B-cell lymphoma. Overall, EBV DNA was detected in 100% of enriched B-cell samples, in 82% of B-cell culture supernatants, in 57% of plasma, and 42% of whole blood samples. A significant correlation for EBV viral load was found between enriched B-cell and B-cell culture supernatant material (ρ = 0.92; P < 0.0001), but no significant correlation existed between EBV DNA levels in whole blood and enriched B-cells (ρ = -0.02; P = 0.89), whole blood and plasma (ρ = 0.24; P = 0.24), or enriched B-cells and plasma (ρ = 0.08; P = 0.77). Testing of enriched B-cells appeared to be the most sensitive method for detection of EBV DNA as well as for exploration of the cellular reservoir. Quantitation of EBV DNA in plasma and B-cell culture supernatant may be of interest to assess EBV reactivation dynamics and response to treatment as well as to decipher EBV host-pathogen interactions in various clinical scenarios.
Refined genetic mapping of juvenile‐onset neuronal ceroid‐lipofuscinosis on chromosome 16 (1993)

Conclusion We propose that the most likely location for CLN3 is within the interval between loci D16S297 and D16S57 on the proximal portion of the short arm of chromosome 16. The position of the CLN3 gene could be further refined by the use of new polymorphic markers isolated within this interval. We have preliminary data indicating strong linkage disequilibrium with the disease for two markers, D16S298 and D16S299, and we find no recombination between these loci in the CEPH pedigrees (Thompson, Callen, Mitchison and Gardiner, unpublished). We therefore have a good indication that within our expected interval CLN3 is within close proximity of the locus D16S298/299.
28.2: Color Sequential LC Display Using High Reliable Oxide Semiconductors with Monochrome Electronic Paper Function (2011)

Abstract We prototyped a 6.0‐in. color sequential XGA LCD using an oxide semiconductor. A color sequential LCD has lower power consumption than a color filter LCD because light use efficiency is better. We utilize the low I off of the oxide semiconductor and make frame rate lower, which leads to the lower power consumption of drivers. The color sequential LCD can have a monochrome electronic paper function with a white backlight on.