gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dual polarized near-field focusing plate at microwave frequencies providing sub-wavelength focusing in two dimensions (2011)

In this work we introduce a novel near-field focusing plate able to provide sub-wavelength focusing in both directions, parallel to the plate, as well as for both polarizations of the illuminating plane wave at microwave frequencies. Two similar designs are proposed: the first one is made of a thick metallic plate, whereas the second one is made of a thin copper plate fabricated on top of a Rogers 5880 dielectric substrate. The focusing behavior of these structures is analyzed with Ansys HFSS and CST Microwave Studio full-wave simulators.
Al-2.12 Block Copolymer (Bcp) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Open‐tubular capillary columns with a porous layer of monolithic polymer for highly efficient and fast separations in electrochromatography (2006)

Open-tubular columns for CEC separations having inner-wall coated with a thin layer of porous monolithic polymer have been studied. A two-step process including (i) UV-initiated polymerization leading to a layer of porous poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), and (ii) UV-initiated grafting of ionizable monomers appear to be well suited for the preparation of these columns. The thickness of the porous polymer layer is controlled by the percentage of monomers in the polymerization mixture and/or length of the irradiation time. The layer thickness significantly affects retention, efficiency, and resolution in open-tubular CEC. Under optimized conditions, column efficiencies up to 400,000 plates/m can be achieved. Use of higher temperature and application of pressure enables a significant acceleration of the open-tubular CEC separations.
Tremelimumab: A monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4—In combination with subtotal ablation (trans catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or cryoablation) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). (2016)

4073 Background: Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to CTLA-4 expressed on the surface of activated T lymphocytes and results in inhibition of B7-CTLA-4-mediated downregulation of T-cell activation. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency (RFA) and cryoablation (CA) have been shown to induce a peripheral immune response which may enhance the effect of anti-CTLA4 treatment. Methods: Patients with HCC [Childs Pugh A/B7; BCLC B/C; ECOG 0/1; post-sorafenib (BCLC stage C only)] or refractory BTC were enrolled in a study of Tremelimumab combined with subtotal TACE, RFA or CA performed on week 6. All BTC patients received RFA in combination with tremelimumab. Tumor biopsies were performed at baseline and at time of RF/TACE. Results: 41 pts enrolled (32 HCC, 9 BTC). Characteristics: M:F 31:10; Median age 54(range 42-76); In HCC pts cirrhosis present in 22pts, BCLC Stage B/C: 9/23; Hepatitis B/C/neg: 5/18/9. 14 pts received TACE, 19 underwent RFA (inc all 9 BTC pts), 5 CA during week 6 of tremelimumab therapy. 3 pts did not receive an ablative procedure (due to PD). No DLT encountered. Most common toxicity was pruritus. Of N = 17 pts evaluable for response outside of TACE/RFA-treated lesion 4 (23.5%) achieved confirmed partial responses. 10 of 12 pts with quantifiable HCV experienced a marked reduction in viral load. 6-week tumor biopsies showed clear increase in CD8+ T cells only in pts showing a clinical response. Flow cytometry of PBMC revealed statistically significant changes in CD4/Treg and CD8/Treg ratio only in patients showing clinical response. Median PFS for evaluable HCC population was 5.7m. Conclusions: Tremelimumab in combination with subtotal TACE, RFA or CA in patients with advanced HCC and BTC is safe and leads to the accumulation of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood in responding patients. Encouraging clinical activity seen with objective confirmed responses, PFS 5.7m and possibly surrogate reductions in HCV viral load. Clinical trial information: NCT01853618.
Bioactive phenolic compounds of cowpeas (Vigna sinensis L). Modifications by fermentation with natural microflora and with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 (2004)

Abstract In this work we have determined the phenolic composition of raw cowpeas ( Vigna sinensis L) of the variety Carilla by HPLC/PAD/MS and have studied the effect of fermentation, both spontaneous and with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, on the phenolic compounds. This variety contains mainly ferulic and p ‐coumaric acids esterified with aldaric acids, together with the cis and trans isomers of the corresponding free acids. Hydroxybenzoic acids such as gallic, vanillic, p ‐hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic were also found, along with flavonols such as a myricetin glucoside, mono‐ and diglycosides of quercetin and a quercetin diglycoside acylated with ferulic acid. Fermentation, both spontaneous and inoculated, modifies the content of phenolic compounds, but differently in each case. The antioxidant activity as free radical‐scavenging activity has also been evaluated. Fermentation followed by heating has been shown to be a very effective process to increase the functionality of this variety of V sinensis . For this reason, this cowpea variety could be used as an ingredient to obtain high value‐added flours. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Following Septic Arthritis of the Native Knee (2021)

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Acute Congestive Heart Failure and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (2000)

Congestive heart failure is prevalent in the elderly; recurrent hospital admissions for acute deterioration is a major health care problem. We examined tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in 31 congestive heart failure patients who were admitted to the hospital due to acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Blood samples were taken within 24 hours of admission and at the time of discharge after recovery. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were also measured in 10 stable congestive heart failure outpatients and 16 healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor alpha level at admission was higher than at time of discharge (4.6Â+/-1.9 vs. 3.4Â+/-1.1 (rg/mL, p is less than 0.02). Mean tumor necrosis factor alpha level of stable congestive heart failure outpatient was 2.6Â+/-0.7 rg/mL healthy controls had significantly lower tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (1.7Â+/-0.7 rg/mL) than congestive heart failure patients (p is less than 0.01). tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were highest among acute congestive heart failure patients. Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha appears to be related to the exacerbation of congestive heart failure and may be a marker for deterioration. (c) 2000 by CVRR, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Pivalate/Oxone: An Improved Promoter System for Aryl Transfer via Organo‐Bismuth Reagents. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human α1a-Adrenergic Receptor Gene (1997)

We recently cloned cDNAs encoding three subtypes of human alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1ARs), alpha1a, alpha1b, and alpha1d (Schwinn, D. A., Johnston, G. L., Page, S. O., Mosley, M. J., Wilson, K. H., Worman, N. P., Campbell, S., Fidock, M. D., Furness, L. M., Parry-Smith, D. J., Peter, B., and Bailey, D. S. (1995) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 272, 134-142) and demonstrated predominance of alpha1aARs in many human tissues (Price, D. T., Lefkowitz, R. J., Caron, M. G., Berkowitz, D., and Schwinn, D. A. (1994) Mol. Pharmacol. 45, 171-175). Several lines of evidence indicate that alpha1aARs are important in clinical diseases such as myocardial hypertrophy and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, we initiated studies to understand mechanisms underlying regulation of alpha1aAR gene transcription. A genomic clone containing 6.2 kb of 5'-untranslated region of the human alpha1aAR gene was recently isolated. Ribonuclease protection and primer extension assays indicate that alpha1aAR gene transcription occurs at multiple initiation sites with the major site located 696 base pairs upstream of the ATG, where a classic initiator sequence is located. Transfection of luciferase reporter constructs containing varying amounts of 5'-untranslated region into human SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells indicate that a region extending 125 base pairs upstream from the main transcription initiation site contains full alpha1aAR promoter activity. Furthermore, distinct activator and suppressor elements lie 2-3 and 3-5 kilobase pairs upstream, respectively. Although the alpha1aAR promoter contains neither TATA or CAAT elements, gel shift mobility assays targeting three GC boxes immediately upstream of the main transcription initiation site confirm binding of Sp1. Activity of the alpha1aAR promoter is cell-specific, demonstrating highest activity in cells endogenously expressing alpha1aARs. The human alpha1aAR gene also contains several cis regulatory elements, including several insulin and cAMP response elements. Consistent with these observations, we provide the first evidence that treatment of SK-N-MC cells with insulin and cAMP elevating agents leads to an increase in alpha1aAR expression. In conclusion, these data represent the first characterization of the alpha1aAR gene; our findings should facilitate further studies designed to understand mechanisms regulating alpha1AR subtype-specific expression in healthy and diseased human tissue.
Submit papers online via Manuscript Central: mc.manuscriptcentral/jstqe-leos. (2009)

Copyright: It is the policy of the IEEE to own the copyright to the technical contributions it publishes on behalf of the interest of the IEEE, its authors, and their employers, and to facilitate the appropriate reuse of this material by others. To comply with the U.S. Copyright Law, authors are required to sign an IEEE copyright transfer form before publication. The author is also required to upload the Electronic Copyright form online after their paper has been accepted.
Regulation of interleukin-1 activity is enhanced by cooperation between the interleukin-1 receptor type II and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein. (2004)

Auteur(s) : John E. Sims and Dirk E. Smith Amgen, 51 University Street, Seattle, WA 98101 Acepted on 03 April 2001 The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) possesses profound inflammatory activities (see 1 for review). Local production of IL-1, in response to injury or infection, initially induces chemokine secretion, adhesion molecule expression and vasodilation, resulting in trafficking of leukocytes to the affected area as well as their activation. Production of nitrogen and oxygen radicals aids [...]
VHF NEMS-CMOS piezoresistive resonators for advanced sensing applications (2014)

This work reports on top-down nanoelectromechanical resonators, which are among the smallest resonators listed in the literature. To overcome the fact that their electromechanical transduction is intrinsically very challenging due to their very high frequency (100 MHz) and ultimate size (each resonator is a 1.2 μm long, 100 nm wide, 20 nm thick silicon beam with 100 nm long and 30 nm wide piezoresistive lateral nanowire gauges), they have been monolithically integrated with an advanced fully depleted SOI CMOS technology. By advantageously combining the unique benefits of nanomechanics and nanoelectronics, this hybrid NEMS-CMOS device paves the way for novel breakthrough applications, such as NEMS-based mass spectrometry or hybrid NEMS/CMOS logic, which cannot be fully implemented without this association.
Pulsed Laser Ablation Synthesis of Diamond Molecules in Supercritical Fluids (2010)

Nanocarbon materials have been synthesized by pulsed laser ablation (532 nm; 52 J/cm2; 7 ns; 10 Hz) of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in adamantane-dissolved supercritical xenon at a temperature T = 290.2 K and pressure p = 5.86 MPa. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of the products revealed the presence of hydrocarbons possessing sp3 hybridized bonds also found in diamond structures. The synthesis of diamantane was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The same measurements also indicate the possible synthesis of other diamondoids up to octamantane. Thus, laser ablation in supercritical fluids is proposed as one practical method of synthesizing diamondoids.
Deep Learning for Predicting CD-SEMS of NEMS Devices (2022)

This paper presents an AI model that predicts the process output from photolithography and plasma etching based on CD-SEM data. This contrasts with physics-based models that are used in conventional TCAD tools. A large dataset was generated consisting of nanostructure CD-SEMs (&#x007E;150,000) from outcomes of an ASML DUV lithography stepper and an Oxford Cobra ICP plasma etcher. The AI model is an Image-to-Image Translation deep learning algorithm that learns from a training set of the CD-SEMs. This deep learning model enables an evolving TCAD model in which layouts can be actively modified as data from the cleanroom is collected continuously. This model can be helpful to improve yield and device homogeneity and performance, hence time to market, for advanced sub-micron NEMS and MEMS. This nature of this dataset ensures the applicability of the presented algorithms to academic and industrial cleanrooms.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Therapeutic Implications of a Human Neutralizing Antibody to the Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RON), a c-MET Family Member (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Therapeutic Implications of a Human Neutralizing Antibody to the Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RON), a c-MET Family Member
High field dielectric properties of polymer-glass laminate (2016)

Fluorene-polyester was coated on low alkali boroaluminosilicate glass to prepare a laminate with stable and uniform polymer coating. The dielectric properties of the laminate were investigated. Aside from the noticeable improvement in the breakdown strength, the Weibull modulus of the laminate was substantially increased with coating, over a wide temperature range. The permittivity of the laminate was influences by the existence of an interface and the loss was maintained as low as that of the pristine glass.
Regulation of TCR signaling and CARD11 by the kinesin GAKIN (50.16) (2010)

Abstract Lymphocyte signaling from the T cell receptor (TCR) to NF-κB is required for mounting an appropriate immune response and is regulated at multiple steps. One such regulatory mechanism involves the activation and synapse recruitment of protein signaling complexes, including one that contains CARD11, a multi-domain scaffold protein required for TCR signaling to NF-κB. To identify novel regulators of CARD11, we conducted an expression-cloning screen that yielded the kinesin family member, guanylate kinase-associated kinesin (GAKIN). We show that GAKIN is a novel inhibitor of NF-κB activation that can interact with CARD11 in a signal dependent manner, can compete with Bcl10 for CARD11 association, and may regulate the dynamic localization of CARD11 to the immunological synapse. This study indentifies GAKIN as a novel component of the TCR to NF-κB pathway and reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism for controlling the strength or duration of T cell signaling.
Cutaneous Closure After Cardiac Operations (1997)

With the host factors controlled by pairing staples and sutures in each patient, we demonstrated a similar incidence of infection but a significantly lower incidence of total wound complications with intradermal suture closure than with staple closure.
Quantification of pulmonary vein morphology using centerline tracking (2012)

The assessment of left atrial and pulmonary vein morphology has important applications in the context of atrial fibrillation, a condition in which the atria of the heart beat rapidly and irregularly. Following ablation therapy, a treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation, reverse structural remodeling has been demonstrated with decreases in both left atrial size and pulmonary vein diameters. Most techniques for assessment of pulmonary vein morphology, however, consist of manual measurements made on cross-sectional images or volume renderings, thereby limiting the ability to fully quantify the 3D structure of the veins. In this work, we propose a method to quantify the 3D morphology of the pulmonary veins by computing the cross-sectional area along the entire extent of the vein. A centerline is tracked along the vein and oblique image slices are extracted at each point along the curve. The overall method requires only minimal manual interaction during the data pre-processing steps and is demonstrated on each of the four pulmononary veins in five subjects scanned with CT imaging prior to ablation therapy.
Approximating the smallest grammar (2002)

We consider the problem of finding the smallest context-free grammar that generates exactly one given string of length n. The size of this grammar is of theoretical interest as an efficiently computable variant of Kolmogorov complexity. The problem is of practical importance in areas such as data compression and pattern extraction.The smallest grammar is known to be hard to approximate to within a constant factor, and an o(logn/log logn) approximation would require progress on a long-standing algebraic problem [10]. Previously, the best proved approximation ratio was O(n1/2) for the Bisection algorithm [8]. Our main result is an exponential improvement of this ratio; we give an O(log (n/g*)) approximation algorithm, where g* is the size of the smallest grammar.We then consider other computable variants of Kolomogorov complexity. In particular we give an O(log2 n) approximation for the smallest non-deterministic finite automaton with advice that produces a given string. We also apply our techniques to "advice-grammars" and "edit-grammars", two other natural models of string complexity.
Methylation of cyclin D2 is observed frequently in pancreatic cancer but is also an age-related phenomenon in gastrointestinal tissues. (2003)

The promoter region of cyclin D2 undergoes age-related methylation in multiple tissues, but aberrant methylation is more often detected in tissues and juice samples of pancreatic cancer than in normal tissues. The detection of cyclin D2 methylation in pancreatic juice may aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Molecular Basis and Clinical Application of Growth-Factor-Independent In Vitro Myeloid Colony Formation in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (2020)

We have originally reported that colony-forming units granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) formation is an in vitro feature of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and a strong predictor for short survival. Elucidation of the molecular basis underlying this in vitro phenomenon could be helpful to define molecular features that predict inferior outcome in patients. We studied the correlation between the mutational landscape and spontaneous colony formation in 164 samples from 125 CMML patients. As compared to wildtype samples, spontaneous in vitro CFU-GM formation was significantly increased in samples containing mutations in <i>NRAS</i>, <i>CBL</i> and <i>EZH2</i> that were confirmed as independent stimulatory factors by multiple regression analysis. Inducible expression of mutated <i>RAS</i> but not <i>JAK2</i> was able to induce growth factor independence of Ba/F3 cells. Whereas high colony CFU-GM growth was a strong unfavorable parameter for survival (<i>p</i> < 0.00001) and time to transformation (<i>p</i> = 0.01390), no single mutated gene had the power to significantly predict for both outcome parameters. A composite molecular parameter including <i>NRAS/CBL/EZH2</i>, however, was predictive for inferior survival (<i>p</i> = 0.00059) as well as for increased risk of transformation (<i>p</i> = 0.01429). In conclusion, we show that the composite molecular profile <i>NRAS/CBL/EZH2</i> derived from its impact on spontaneous in vitro myeloid colony formation improves the predictive power over single molecular parameters in patients with CMML.
Quantitation of constant and variable region genes for mouse immunoglobulin λ. chains (1976)

We have synthesized and characterized cDNA complementary to purified mRNA derived from the lambda chain producing myeloma tumor, RPC-20. This cDNA is of sufficinet length to encode the constant region and a major portion of the variable region sequence of the lambda gene. In addition, the expected range of cross-hybridization of this lambda probe has been shown to extend to several different members of the closely related lambda subgroup, as well as to a member of the lambda subgroup represented by MOPC-315. Since there are a minimum of seven known members of the common lambda subgroup in addition to MOPC-315, these sequences, in accordance with the germ line hypothesis, must be represented by a minimum of eight variable region genes. Using the RPC-20 cDNA probe and hybridization kinetic analysis, this sequence was found to be represented as approximately two copies per haploid genome in DNA derived from a variety of k-and lambda-producing tumors and normal tissue. Inasmuch as the cross-hybridization range of the probe has been assessed and a minimum size of the lambda subgroup determined, this observation tends to rule out separate germ line genes corresponding to each individual lambda light chain variant. Certain reservations about these conclusions are discussed.