gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale AM-FM for lesion phenotyping on age-related macular degeneration (2009)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual loss in the United States and is a growing public health problem. The presence and severity of AMD in current epidemiological studies is detected by the grading of color stereoscopic fundus photographs. The purpose of this study was to show that a mathematical technique, amplitude-modulation frequency modulation (AM-FM) can be used to generate multi-scale features for classifying pathological structures, such as drusen, on a retinal image. AM-FM features were calculated for N=120 40times40 regions from 5 retinal images presenting with age-related macular degeneration. The results show that with this technique, drusen can be differenced from normal retinal structures by more than three standard deviations using the AM-FM histograms. In addition, by using different color spaces highly accurate classification of structures of the retina is achieved. These results are the first step in the development of an automated AMD grading system.
The SLAC high-density 3He target polarized by spin-exchange optical plumbing (1993)

A new high‐density 3He target polarized by spin exchange with optically pumped rubidium vapor has recently been used at the Stanford Linear Accelerator in an experiment to measure the longitudinal spin‐dependent structure function of the neutron. The 3He target operated at a density of 2.3×1020 atoms/cm3 in a 30 cm long scattering region with polarizations between 30% and 40% measured with NMR techniques. Target cells with several day spin‐relaxation times were developed in order to achieve these polarizations.
Formation of Scalemic Aziridines via the Nucleophilic Opening of Aziridines (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteFormation of Scalemic Aziridines via the Nucleophilic Opening of AziridinesStephen C. Bergmeier and Punit P. SethView Author Information Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 8, 2671–2674Publication Date (Web):April 18, 1997Publication History Received10 December 1996Published online18 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo962307fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo962307fbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1008Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aziridines,Organic compounds,Organometallic reactions,Reagents,Ring opening reactions Get e-Alerts
Diversity Synthesis via C−H Bond Functionalization:  Concept-Guided Development of New C-Arylation Methods for Imidazoles [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 10580−10585]. (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionDiversity Synthesis via C−H Bond Functionalization: Concept-Guided Development of New C-Arylation Methods for Imidazoles [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 10580−10585].Bengü Sezen and Dalibor SamesView Author Information 06/21/2006Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 25, 8364Publication Date (Web):June 21, 2006Publication History Published online21 June 2006Published inissue 1 June 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0699642https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0699642correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2286Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (16 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specific DNA Binding of a Potential Transcriptional Regulator, Inosine 5′-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase-Related Protein VII, to the Promoter Region of a Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase I-Encoding Operon Retrieved from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Strain ΔH (2008)

Two methyl coenzyme M reductases (MCRs) encoded by the mcr and mrt operons of the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus DeltaH are expressed in response to H(2) availability. In the present study, cis elements and trans-acting factors responsible for the gene expression of MCRs were investigated by using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and affinity particle purification. A survey of their operator regions by EMSA with protein extracts from mrt-expressing cultures restricted them to 46- and 41-bp-long mcr and mrt upstream regions, respectively. Affinity particle purification of DNA-binding proteins conjugated with putative operator regions resulted in the retrieval of a protein attributed to IMP dehydrogenase-related protein VII (IMPDH VII). IMPDH VII is predicted to have a winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif and two cystathionine beta-synthase domains, and it has been suspected to be an energy-sensing module. EMSA with oligonucleotide probes with unusual sequences showed that the binding site of IMPDH VII mostly overlaps the factor B-responsible element-TATA box of the mcr operon. The results presented here suggest that IMPDH VII encoded by MTH126 is a plausible candidate for the transcriptional regulator of the mcr operon in this methanogen.
FUEL PROCESSING CATALYSIS FOR MICROCHANNEL APPLICATIONS: METHANOL STEAM REFORMING AND SELECTIVE CO METHANATION (2005)

In agreement with previous works, Pd/ZnO catalysts have been demonstrated as being selective for the methanol steam reforming reaction, which is due to the unique nature of the PdZn alloy formation upon reduction conditions higher than >350C.The effects of crystallite size, use of high surface area alumina support, Pd:Zn ratio, and Pd loadings were shown to affect the activity and selectivity to the methanol steam reforming reaction.By using a 9%Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, with a Pd:Zn ratio of 0.38, performance was found to be similar to that of a commercial CuZnAl catalyst.Unlike their CuZnAl counterpart, PdZnAl catalysts are stable at much higher temperatures, thus, the benefits of increased kinetics due to higher operating temperature are realized.Selective CO methanation as a strategy for CO removal in micro fuel processing applications was investigated over Ru-based catalysts.Ru loading, pretreatment and reduction conditions, and choice of support were shown to affect catalyst activity, selectivity, and stability.Even operating at a space-hourly-velocity as high as of 13,500 hr -1 , a 3%Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was able to lower CO in a reformate to less than 100 ppm over a wide temperature range from 240 o C to 285 o C, while keeping hydrogen consumption of <10%.v
Major Intraoperative Neurologic Monitoring Deficits in Consecutive Pediatric and Adult Spinal Deformity Patients at One Institution (2010)

Primary NM scoliosis and revision sagittal plane deformities appear to carry greatest incidence of NMCs during surgical intervention. Most observed NMCs did not result in a permanent neurologic deficit. Neuromonitoring should be assessed throughout the entire surgical procedure. This study may aid surgeons and patients to better assess neurologic risks related to spinal deformity surgery.
Molecular Structure Effects on the Secondary Relaxation and Impact Strength of a Series of Polyester Copolymer Glasses (1998)

The secondary relaxations of a series of glassy copolymers based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT) involve cooperative motions of the cyclohexylene rings. The cooperativity gives rise to longer range motions which create significant volume fluctuations that can facilitate macroscopic shear yielding. Comparison of the secondary loss peaks and activation energies by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy between the copolyesters and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene 2,5-dimethylterephthalate) indicates that the secondary relaxation of the copolyesters involve motions of the cyclohexylene ring. Dipolar rotational spin−echo 13C NMR confirmed large amplitude motions of the cyclohexylene ring faster than 10 kHz at 300 K. By examining feasible ring conformations, we conclude that transitions between chair and twist−boat conformations are possible for trans-cyclohexylene rings and cis-rings that prefer chair conformations. (Cis-rings that reside in boat conformations are more restricted.)
Knowledge-based variable selection for learning rules from proteomic data (2009)

Knowledge-based variable selection even with a sparsely-populated resource such as the EPO-KB increases overall performance of rule-learning for disease classification from high-dimensional proteomic mass spectra.
Genetic Controls of Photooxidant Tolerance (2019)

The classical genetic studies utilized mutant biotypes that were resistant to one or more photooxidant stress. Superficially, one would expect that a plant possessing high levels of any mechanism that quenches active oxygen species should be tolerant of all photooxidant stresses. The constitutive or induced levels of a plethora of stress tolerance pathways, so common in the genetic studies, must have a yield penalty, both in ideal growing conditions and when only a photooxidative stress is applied, because too many genes are activated. The genetic analysis of crosses between resistant and susceptible biotypes/strains/crosses, correlated with measurements of a variety of stress protective mechanisms, together with the use of gene probes and engineering, could teach much more than can be learned without genetics. The types of photooxidant stresses a plant may encounter can arbitrarily be divided into acute and chronic. Interspecific differences in resistance to sulfur dioxide stress have been shown in a large number of species.
Role of Pfs47 in the dispersal of ancestral Plasmodium falciparum malaria through adaptation to different anopheline vectors (2023)

<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria originated when <i>Plasmodium praefalciparum</i>, a gorilla malaria parasite transmitted by African sylvan anopheline mosquitoes, adapted to humans. Pfs47, a protein on the parasite surface mediates <i>P. falciparum</i> evasion of the mosquito immune system by interacting with a midgut receptor and is critical for <i>Plasmodium</i> adaptation to different anopheline species. Genetic analysis of 4,971 <i>Pfs47</i> gene sequences from different continents revealed that Asia and Papua New Guinea harbor <i>Pfs47</i> haplotypes more similar to its ortholog in <i>P. praefalciparum</i> at sites that determine vector compatibility, suggesting that ancestral <i>P. falciparum</i> readily adapted to Asian vectors. Consistent with this observation, Pfs47-receptor gene sequences from African sylvan malaria vectors, such as <i>Anopheles moucheti</i> and <i>An. marshallii</i>, were found to share greater similarity with those of <i>Asian</i> vectors than those of vectors of the African <i>An. gambiae</i> complex. Furthermore, experimental infections provide direct evidence that transformed <i>P. falciparum</i> parasites carrying <i>Pfs47</i> orthologs of <i>P. praefalciparum</i> or <i>P. reichenowi</i> were more effective at evading the immune system of the Asian malaria vector <i>An. dirus</i> than <i>An. gambiae</i>. We propose that high compatibility of ancestral <i>P. falciparum</i> Pfs47 with the receptors of Asian vectors facilitated the early dispersal of human malaria to the Asian continent, without having to first adapt to sub-Saharan vectors of the <i>An. gambiae</i> complex.
Low-voltage GaN:Er green electroluminescent devices (2000)

Green light emission has been measured from Er-doped GaN electroluminescent devices (ELDs) at an applied bias as low as 5 V. The GaN–Er ELDs were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy on Si (111) substrates. We have achieved this low-voltage operation (ten-fold reduction in optical turn-on voltage) by using heavily doped (∼0.01 Ω cm) Si substrates and by decreasing the GaN–Er layer thickness to several hundred nanometers. A simple device model is presented for the indium tin oxide/GaN–Er/Si/Al ELD. This work demonstrates the voltage excitation efficiency of Er3+ luminescent centers and the compatibility of GaN rare earth-doped ELDs with low-voltage drive circuitry.
Spatial distribution of transcript changes in the maize primary root elongation zone at low water potential (2008)

The analysis indicates that fundamentally different signaling and metabolic response mechanisms are involved in the response to water stress in different regions of the maize primary root elongation zone.
Detecting the skewness of data from the five-number summary and its application in meta-analysis (2023)

For clinical studies with continuous outcomes, when the data are potentially skewed, researchers may choose to report the whole or part of the five-number summary (the sample median, the first and third quartiles, and the minimum and maximum values) rather than the sample mean and standard deviation. In the recent literature, it is often suggested to transform the five-number summary back to the sample mean and standard deviation, which can be subsequently used in a meta-analysis. However, if a study contains skewed data, this transformation and hence the conclusions from the meta-analysis are unreliable. Therefore, we introduce a novel method for detecting the skewness of data using only the five-number summary and the sample size, and meanwhile, propose a new flow chart to handle the skewed studies in a different manner. We further show by simulations that our skewness tests are able to control the type I error rates and provide good statistical power, followed by a simulated meta-analysis and a real data example that illustrate the usefulness of our new method in meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine.
MAP kinase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle A novel dual specificity enzyme showing homology to yeast protein kinases involved in pheromone‐dependent signal transduction (1992)

MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) was purified 30,000-fold to homogeneity from extracts of rabbit skeletal muscle and shown to be a monomeric protein of apparent molecular mass 44 kDa. MAPKK activated the 42 kDa isoform of MAP kinase by phosphorylation of Thr-183 and Tyr-185, and phosphorylated itself slowly on tyrosine, threonine and serine residues, establishing that it is a 'dual specificity' protein kinase. Peptide sequences from MAPKK were homologous to other protein serine/threonine kinases, especially to the subfamily that includes yeast protein kinases that lie upstream of yeast MAP kinase homologues in the pheromone-dependent mating pathways.
A New Sock Electrode for Recording Epicardial Activation from the Human Heart: One Size Fits All (1987)

Simultaneous recording of epicardial activation from multiple sites during open heart surgery is essential for studying unstable ventricular arrhythmias. A previously described sock electrode array for this purpose requires custom‐woven nylon sock material and expensive machined button electrodes. The limited compiiance and elasticity of nylon requires that a new sock be individually fitted for each heart. Despite careful fitting, 17–20% of electrodes do not make satisfactory epicardial contact in dogs. Further, electrodes frequently dislodge from the sock and wires break at the button electrode solder joint. Recognizing these limitations, we formed a new sock from Xspan* tubular dressing material and devised electrodes that attach securely to the sock. In six dogs. 90%± 3% of electrodes made satisfactory contact using the same Xspan* sock. significantly (p &lt; .01) more than with the nylon sock despite far less labor. The same size X span* sock with 60 snap electrodes was used to record from 27 human hearts of widely different dimensions. Satisfactory epicardial contact was obtained in 90%± 14% of electrodes in the 18 patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome (WPW) and 75%± 15% of electrodes in the nine patients with coronary artery disease. In no case did an accessory pathway fail to conduct following sock placement. The hemodynamic effect of the Xspan* sock was evaluated in four dogs and was found to be minimal. Both the Xspan* sock and the snap electrodes are easily made from inexpensive, readily available materials. The same Xspan* sock accommodates o wide range of heart sizes, and the electrodes supported by the Xspan* sock record significantly better and with less dislodgement and wire breakage than previous socks.
Ohmic Contact for C-face n-Type 4H-SiC with Reduced Graphite Precipitation (2006)

The characteristics of Ni, Monel (Ni-Cu alloy, Ni55mol%-Cu45mol%), Monel/Si, Ni/Ti/Ni and Mo electrodes were studied for ohmic contact to C-face N-type 4H-SiC. Low contact resistivity (ρC) was not compatible with reduction of graphite precipitation in the case of Ni, Monel, Ni/Ti/Ni, and Mo electrodes. Monel/Si achieved less graphite precipitation and low ρC, which is enough to apply for actual rectifier, because a Monel/Si electrode forms a silicide without reaction between the deposits and the substrate.
Optical coherence tomography using bessel beams (2011)

We demonstrate that the sidelobes of a Bessel function generated by an axicon were suppressed by more than 20 dB over 5 mm depth of focus in a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography using a single mode fiber. We also show a rotational image in biological tubular <i>in vivo</i> samples with 2.5 &#956;m axial resolution, 8 &#956;m lateral resolution, and 5 mm depth of focus using a custom-designed axicon.
This and that: management of Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary vein stenosis in an infant—a case report (2021)

The combination of TOF and pulmonary vein stenosis is not common, but when these lesions co-occur, they present a significant dilemma in determining the timing of surgery in order to optimize the odds of a successful outcome. This case demonstrates that serial catheter-based procedures can be valuable tools in minimizing pre-operative risk factors and highlights one strategy in determining timing of definitive surgical repair.
Abstract SY04-04: Vitamin D receptor stromal reprogramming suppresses pancreatitis and enhances pancreatic cancer therapy (2014)

Abstract The poor clinical outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is attributed to intrinsic chemoresistance and a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. Conversion of quiescent to activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) is thought to drive the severe stromal reaction that characterizes PDA. Here we reveal that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in activated human pancreatic tumor stroma as well as in in vivo models of pancreatitis, a known risk factor for PDA. Notably, treatment with the VDR ligand calcipotriol markedly reduced inflammation and fibrosis during pancreatitis and a more pronounced form of the disease developed in VDR knockout mice. We show that VDR acts as a master transcriptional regulator of PSCs to reprise the quiescent state such that ligand-induced stromal remodeling increased intratumoral gemcitabine levels 5-fold and reduced tumor volume. This work describes a molecular strategy through which epigenomic reprogramming of pancreatic tumor stroma rescues/fosters a robust chemotherapeutic response and advocates a reevaluation of vitamin D therapy for PDA. Citation Format: Ronald M. Evans. Vitamin D receptor stromal reprogramming suppresses pancreatitis and enhances pancreatic cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY04-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY04-04
Phenserine, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, attenuates impaired learning of rats in a 14-unit T-maze induced by blockade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (1998)

The present study evaluated the interaction of the glutamatergic and acetylcholinergic systems in memory formation, with an overall emphasis on developing multi-system approaches for treating age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer' s disease. Specifically, we used a 14-unit T-maze to investigate whether phenserine (PHEN), a long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, could overcome a learning deficit in rats induced by the NMDA receptor antagonist, 3-(+/-) 2-carboxypiperzin-4-yl) propyl phosphonic acid (CPP). Prior to drug treatment, 3-month-old male Fischer-344 rats were trained to criterion (13 of 15 shock avoidances) in a straight runway. Twenty-four hours later, rats were given i.p. injections of saline (SAL), CPP (9 mg/kg) + SAL or CPP + PHEN (0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 mg/kg) and received 15 massed training trials in a 14-unit T-maze. CPP significantly increased the number of errors made in the maze relative to controls, and phenserine significantly reduced the number of errors made relative to rats receiving CPP only, with the lowest dose being the most effective. These results provide further support of phenserine's potent, cognitive-enhancing properties, and suggest that combined modulation of glutamatergic and acetylcholinergic systems may be of potential benefit in developing new pharmacotherapies for Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline.