gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BMP Regulation of the Mouse Connexin43 Promoter in Osteoblastic Cells and Embryos (2003)

We examined BMP regulation of the gap junction gene Gjal (Cx43alpha1) using a series of lacZ reporter constructs containing up to 6.7 kbs of mouse Cx43alpha1 promoter sequence. Using transient transfection assays, we showed that BMP2, BMP4, and GDF5, but not BMP6 or BMP7, can modulate Cx43alpha1 promoter activity in the osteosarcoma cell line ROS17/2.8. Positive regulatory elements were found at the proximal and distal ends of the 6.7 kb promoter fragment, while negative regulatory elements were found in the intervening region. Comparison of Cx43alpha1 promoter sequences from the human vs. mouse showed five regions with significant sequence conservation, two of which contained Smad binding elements in conjunction with a BMP response element. Analysis of a transgenic mouse line containing a Cx43alpha1 promoter driven lacZ reporter construct revealed lacZ expression in the developing joints, an expression pattern similar to that previously reported for Gdf5. LacZ expression was also observed in axial regions of the skeletal anlage, which in situ hybridization analysis confirmed as sites of Gdf5 transcript expression. When the Cx43alpha1 promoter driven lacZ transgene was bred into the brachypodism mouse Gdf5(bpJ)(bp) harboring a Gdf5 loss of function mutation, lacZ expression was extinguished. This was observed in homozygous and heterozygous bp animals, suggesting that Cx43alpha1 promoter regulation by GDF5 is subject to haploinsufficiency. Overall, these observations are consistent with recent studies by others indicating a role for Cx43alpha1 in osteogenesis and osteoblastic function during mouse development.
Neurosurgery and Medical Management of Severe Head Injury (2018)

Management of the patient with moderate to severe brain injury in any environment can be time consuming and resource intensive. In the austere or hostile environment, the challenges to deliver care to this patient population are magnified. These guidelines have been developed by acknowledging commonly recognized recommendations for neurosurgical and neuro-critical care patients and augmenting those evaluations and interventions based on the experience of neurosurgeons, trauma surgeons, and intensivists who have delivered care during recent coalition conflicts.
[Morphologic plasticity as a component of cognition]. (1997)

Two recent developmental genetics studies suggest an important role for transcription factors of the homeodomain protein class in the morphogenesis of cerebral structures and the form and extent of the various domains that constitute the nervous system (Krumlauf, 1994; Rubenstein and Puelles, 1994). Our team recently took a look at the hypothesis that the same transcription parameters have a function in axonal growth and recognition of paths and targets. It has been shown that cortical or spinal medullary neurons are capable of responding, by a change in axonal growth rate, to regulation of the activity of certain transcription factors (Prochiantz and Théodore, 1995). This demonstration was facilitated by a particular property of the DNA binding region of the transcription factors. This property consists in crossing plasmic membranes and addressing cell nuclei directly (Prochiantz, 1996). The homeodomain proteins are expressed not only during development but also in adulthood. It is possible that their continuous expression or reactivation may be associated with the morphological changes in neurons observed in the mature nervous system. The latter hypothesis will be discussed on the basis of our current knowledge of the expression and role of the transcription factors. The authors will draw some conclusions regarding the possibility of considering these nuclear factors as agents of cerebral plasticity and as targets of potential pharmacological value.
Simulation of head‐gradient‐coil induced electric fields in a human model (2012)

A finite difference method was used to simulate the electric fields induced in the model by a gradient wire pattern. The pattern simulated corresponded to a design used to perform peripheral nerves stimulation experiments. The size (187.8, 169.02, and 150.24 cm tall) and position (brain and neck mode) of the model, relative to the magnet, as well as the voxel dimensions (3, 6, and 9 mm) of the model were varied to assess the effect on the simulation. The locations of stimulation reported from an experiment were classified according to nerve branch and compared with the peak-simulated electric fields. Model size and location affected the magnitude of the electric field, but not the position. Model resolution affected the location of the peak field. For the smallest resolution investigated, the nerves affected by the locations of peak stimulations in the model correlated to the frequency of stimulation in experiments. Although adequate resolution is required in order to assess the electric fields induced by gradient coil operation, the simulation of electric fields may be useful in evaluating gradient coil design prior to construction.
Role of trivalent La and Nd dopants in lattice distortion and oxygen vacancy generation in cerium oxide nanoparticles (2006)

Nanocrystalline Ce1−xRExO2−y (RE=La and Nd) powders were synthesized with a controlled size in the range of 3–5nm using microemulsion technique. The nanoceria retains its cubic fluorite structures for the complete doping range. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies showed that the lattice distortion increased with the doping amount and was found to be higher for La-doped samples compared to the Nd doping. Spatial correlation model used for Raman analysis suggested increased defect concentration for the doped samples compared to nanoceria.
Auto-Correlation Wavelet Support Vector Machine and Its Applications to Regression (2005)

A support vector machine (SVM) with the autocorrelation of compactly supported wavelet as kernel is proposed in this paper. It is proved that this kernel is an admissible support vector kernel. The main advantage of the auto-correlation of a compactly supported wavelet is that it satisfies the translation invariant property, which is very important for signal processing. Also, we can choose a better wavelet from different choices of wavelet families for our auto-correlation wavelet kernel. Experiments on signal regression show that this method is better than the existing SVM function regression with the scalar wavelet kernel, the Gaussian kernel, and the exponential radial basis function kernel It can be easily extended to other applications such as pattern recognition by using this newly developed auto-correlation wavelet SVM.
Head-to-Head Comparison of 68Ga-P16-093 and 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT in Patients With Primary Prostate Cancer (2023)

68 Ga-P16-093 PET/CT exhibited higher tumor uptake and potentially better tumor detection capability than 68 Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT, which suggested that 68 Ga-P16-093 may be more suitable in the diagnosis and staging of primary PCa patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Metabolic Products of Microorganisms. Part 262. The Absolute Configuration of Sphydrofuran, a Widespread Metabolite from Streptomycetes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope: BLAST (2007)

The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) is a suborbital surveying experiment designed to study the evolutionary history and processes of star formation in local galaxies (including the Milky Way) and galaxies at cosmological distances. The BLAST continuum camera, which consists of 270 detectors distributed between three arrays, observes simultaneously in broadband (30%) spectral windows at 250, 350, and 500 microns. The optical design is based on a 2 m diameter telescope, providing a diffraction-limited resolution of 30' at 250 microns. The gondola pointing system enables raster mapping of arbitrary geometry, with a repeatable positional accuracy of 30'; postflight pointing reconstruction to <5' rms is achieved. The onboard telescope control software permits autonomous execution of a preselected set of maps, with the option of manual override. On this poster, we describe the primary characteristics and measured in-flight performance of BLAST. BLAST performed a test flight in 2003 and has since made two scientifically productive long-duration balloon flights: a 100 hour flight from ESRANGE (Kiruna), Sweden to Victoria Island, northern Canada in 2005 June; and a 250 hour, circumpolar flight from McMurdo Station, Antarctica in 2006 December. The BLAST collaboration acknowledges the support of NASA through grants NAG5-12785, NAG5-13301, and NNGO-6GI11G, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Innovation Trust, the Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium, the Fondo Institucional para la Investigacion of the University of Puerto Rico, and the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs.
Erratum: A protein-truncating R179X variant in RNF186 confers protection against ulcerative colitis (2016)

Nature Communications 7 Article number: 12342 (2016); Published 9 August 2016; Updated 13 September 2016 The HTML version of this Article incorrectly listed the authors of the UK IBD Genetics Consortium and the NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium individually in the main author list. This has now been corrected in the HTML; the PDF version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.
Integration of a PQ:PMMA holographic memory device into the hybrid opto-electronic correlator for shift, scale, and rotation invariant target recognition (2021)

The hybrid optoelectronic correlator (HOC) combines optical and electronic signal processing to achieve the same functionality as traditional optical correlators but without the need for dynamic materials. Here we propose and demonstrate the integration of a PQ:PMMA holographic memory device (HMD) into the HOC as a high-speed all-optical database for reference images. Using a PQ:PMMA HMD for one of the inputs eliminates one of the key speed limitations in the HOC. The observed correlation signal agrees with simulations but highlights the need for high quality holographic substrates in this application.
Silica-Based Stimuli-Responsive Systems for Antitumor Drug Delivery and Controlled Release (2022)

The administration of cytotoxic drugs in classical chemotherapy is frequently limited by water solubility, low plasmatic stability, and a myriad of secondary effects associated with their diffusion to healthy tissue. In this sense, novel pharmaceutical forms able to deliver selectively these drugs to the malign cells, and imposing a space-time precise control of their discharge, are needed. In the last two decades, silica nanoparticles have been proposed as safe vehicles for antitumor molecules due to their stability in physiological medium, high surface area and easy functionalization, and good biocompatibility. In this review, we focus on silica-based nanomedicines provided with specific mechanisms for intracellular drug release. According to silica nature (amorphous, mesostructured, and hybrids) nanocarriers responding to a variety of stimuli endogenously (e.g., pH, redox potential, and enzyme activity) or exogenously (e.g., magnetic field, light, temperature, and ultrasound) are proposed. Furthermore, the incorporation of targeting molecules (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) that interact with specific cell membrane receptors allows a selective delivery to cancer cells to be carried out. Eventually, we present some remarks on the most important formulations in the pipeline for clinical approval, and we discuss the most difficult tasks to tackle in the near future, in order to extend the use of these nanomedicines to real patients.
Gene Expression Profiling with Cre-Conditional Pseudorabies Virus Reveals a Subset of Midbrain Neurons That Participate in Reward Circuitry (2017)

The mesolimbic dopamine pathway receives inputs from numerous regions of the brain as part of a neural system that detects rewarding stimuli and coordinates a behavioral response. The capacity to simultaneously map and molecularly define the components of this complex multisynaptic circuit would thus advance our understanding of the determinants of motivated behavior. To accomplish this, we have constructed pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains in which viral propagation and fluorophore expression are activated only after exposure to Cre recombinase. Once activated in Cre-expressing neurons, the virus serially labels chains of presynaptic neurons. Dual injection of GFP and mCherry tracing viruses simultaneously illuminates nigrostriatal and mesolimbic circuitry and shows no overlap, demonstrating that PRV transmission is confined to synaptically connected neurons. To molecularly profile mesolimbic dopamine neurons and their presynaptic inputs, we injected Cre-conditional GFP virus into the NAc of (anti-GFP) nanobody-L10 transgenic mice and immunoprecipitated translating ribosomes from neurons infected after retrograde tracing. Analysis of purified RNA revealed an enrichment of transcripts expressed in neurons of the dorsal raphe nuclei and lateral hypothalamus that project to the mesolimbic dopamine circuit. These studies identify important inputs to the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and further show that PRV circuit-directed translating ribosome affinity purification can be broadly applied to identify molecularly defined neurons comprising complex, multisynaptic circuits.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The mesolimbic dopamine circuit integrates signals from key brain regions to detect and respond to rewarding stimuli. To further define this complex multisynaptic circuit, we constructed a panel of Cre recombinase-activated pseudorabies viruses (PRVs) that enabled retrograde tracing of neural inputs that terminate on Cre-expressing neurons. Using these viruses and Retro-TRAP (translating ribosome affinity purification), a previously reported molecular profiling method, we developed a novel technique that provides anatomic as well as molecular information about the neural components of polysynaptic circuits. We refer to this new method as PRV-Circuit-TRAP (PRV circuit-directed TRAP). Using it, we have identified major projections to the mesolimbic dopamine circuit from the lateral hypothalamus and dorsal raphe nucleus and defined a discrete subset of transcripts expressed in these projecting neurons, which will allow further characterization of this important pathway. Moreover, the method we report is general and can be applied to the study of other neural circuits.
The molecular structure of (±)-8α, 9β, 10β, 11α-tetrahydroxy -8, 9, 10, 11 - tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene; an X-ray crystallographic analysis (1981)

Journal Article The molecular structure of (±)-8α, 9β, 10β, 11α-tetrahydroxy -8, 9, 10, 11 - tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene; an X-ray crystallographic analysis Get access S. Neidle, S. Neidle 1Cancer Research Campaign Biomolecular Structure Research Group, Department of Biophysics, University of London King's College26-29 Drury Lane, London WC2B 5RL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.S. Cooper, C.S. Cooper 2Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer HospitalFulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. Ribeiro O. Ribeiro 2Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer HospitalFulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carcinogenesis, Volume 2, Issue 5, 1981, Pages 445–449, https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/2.5.445 Published: 01 January 1981 Article history Published: 01 January 1981 Received: 10 February 1981 Accepted: 04 March 1981
Genetics of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Carney Complex and Other Familial Lentiginoses (2000)

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS, #175200) and Carney complex (CNC, OMIM#160980) are the two most common multiple neoplasia syndromes associated with lentiginosis. Both disorders are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and they have recently been elucidated at the molecular level. PJS and CNC share manifestations with Cowden syndrome (or Cowden disease) (CS, OMIM#158350) and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRR, OMIM#153480). The endocrine tumors of CS and PJS, which could classify these disorders as variant types of multiple endocrine neoplasias (MENs), are not present in most CS and BRR patients, but lentigines are shared by PJS, CNC and BRR. The serine-threonine kinase STK11 (or LKB1), located on 19p13, is mutated in more than half of all PJS kindreds. The R1alpha subunit of c-AMP-dependent protein kinase A, located on 17q22-24, is mutated in 40% of CNC kindreds. The protein phosphatase PTEN is mutated in most cases of CS and in almost 50% of BRR kindreds, despite significant clinical heterogeneity in these syndromes. The molecular elucidation of the lentiginoses and their related syndromes identifies new pathways of growth control and cellular regulation that are important for endocrine signaling, tumorigenesis, cutaneous function and embryonic development.
Development of laboratory and animal model systems for HIV-1 encephalitis and its associated dementia (1997)

The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 encephalitis and its associated dementia revolves around sustained viral replication in cells of mononuclear phagocyte origin (brain macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and microglia). Macrophage secretory factors play important roles in facilitating monocyte trafficking into the brain, in regulating productive viral replication, and in producing neurotoxic responses. To study these events, we constructed an artificial blood-brain barrier (BBB) to assay monocyte transendothelial migration and developed an animal model system for HIV-1 encephalitis to ascertain the role that virus-infected mononuclear phagocytes play in disease pathogenesis. The BBB model was composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes placed on opposite sides of a porous membrane. Monocyte activation, not HIV-1 infection per se, was the central event affecting monocyte BBB migration. Many of the pathological features of HIV-1 encephalitis were reproduced in SCID mice stereotactically inoculated with virus-infected monocytes. These included widespread astrogliosis, apoptosis of neurons, dendritic damage, and macrophage/microglial activation. Such laboratory and animal model systems are being used to ascertain the pathogenic potential of virus-infected macrophages in brain and ways to curb such injurious effects.
Snapshot‐CEST: Optimizing spiral‐centric‐reordered gradient echo acquisition for fast and robust 3D CEST MRI at 9.4 T (2018)

Gradient echo (GRE)-based acquisition provides a robust readout method for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) at ultrahigh field (UHF). To develop a snapshot-CEST approach, the transient GRE signal and point spread function were investigated in detail, leading to optimized measurement parameters and reordering schemes for fast and robust volumetric CEST imaging. Simulation of the transient GRE signal was used to determine the optimal sequence parameters and the maximum feasible number of k-space lines. Point spread function analysis provided an insight into the induced k-space filtering and the performance of different rectangular reordering schemes in terms of blurring, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and relaxation dependence. Simulation results were confirmed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of healthy subjects. Minimal repetition time (TR) is beneficial for snapshot-GRE readout. At 9.4 T, for TR = 4 ms and optimal flip angle close to the Ernst angle, a maximum of 562 k-space lines can be acquired after a single presaturation, providing decent SNR with high image quality. For spiral-centric reordered k-space acquisition, the image quality can be further improved using a rectangular spiral reordering scheme adjusted to the field of view. Application of the derived snapshot-CEST sequence for fast imaging acquisition in the human brain at 9.4 T shows excellent image quality in amide and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), and enables guanidyl CEST detection. The proposed snapshot-CEST establishes a fast and robust volumetric CEST approach ready for the imaging of known and novel exchange-weighted contrasts at UHF.
Internal Quantum Efficiency for III-Nitride–Based Blue Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

The III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have popularly penetrated into the market of the visible light communication, lighting, sensing, and display illumination. The electrons are supplied by the n-GaN layer, while the holes are injected from the p-GaN layer. It is well known that electrons and holes are not synchronized in the transport due to the fact that electrons are more mobile than holes. The layer that can make electrons &quot;cold&quot; is named as the electron cooler (EC), electron injector or electron reservoir layer. The hole injection is also affected by the doping efficiency of the p-GaN layer. To increase the hole concentration in the p-GaN layer, we have also proposed a hole modulator. Insufficient hole injection is also reflected by the nonuniform hole distribution in the multiple quantum wells. A most effective way to reduce the valence band discontinuity between the quantum well and the quantum barrier is to replace the GaN quantum barriers with InGaN quantum barriers.
Recent segmental and gene duplications in the mouse genome (2003)

Our results provide an initial analysis of the recently duplicated sequence and gene content of the mouse genome. Many of these duplicated loci, as well as regions identified to be involved in potential sequence misassignment errors, will require further mapping and sequencing to achieve accuracy. A Genome Browser database was set up to display the identified duplication content presented in this work. This data will also be relevant to the growing number of investigators who use the draft genome sequence for experimental design and analysis.
Field electron emission from individual carbon nanotubes of a vertically aligned array (2002)

Field electron emission behavior of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), that are elements of a vertically aligned array grown on a Si wafer, were analyzed with a scanning anode field emission microscope. The electron emission of each MWNT followed the conventional Fowler–Nordheim field emission mechanism after their apexes were freed from the erratic adsorption species using a conditioning process at room temperature. The conditioning process led to stable emission currents and reduced their variations ΔI/I to less than 30% between different MWNTs of the array. This opens the possibility for using MWNTs in an array as independent electron sources for massively parallel microguns.