gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased stability of polysomes in an Escherichia coli mutant with relaxed control of RNA synthesis. (1966)

When cells of Escherichia coli auxotrophs are starved for a required amino acid, the net synthesis of RNA ordinarily ceases at once.However, a fortuitously en- countered mutant continues to accumulate RNA, at a substantial fraction of the normal rate, when starved for methioninel or for various other amino acids,2 and this mutant has been designated2 as "relaxed" in the control of RNA synthesis (RCrel).The mechanism responsible for this control, and for its alteration in the relaxed mutant, has not yet been satisfactorily established.This problem, and our recent observation of a stimulatory effect of methionine on RNA synthesis in certain strains,3 has led us to explore the possibility that the level of free ribosomes (i.e., those not engaged in polysomes) might control by direct feedback the syn- thesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).This approach was encouraged by the recent report of Weber and DeMoss,4 which we have confirmed, that starvation of an E. coli auxotroph for a required amino acid results in a substantial shift of ribosomes from polysomes to the monosome peak.The present paper shows that in an RCrel strain, in contrast, a high polysome level is maintained during starvation for an amino acid.Following the completion of this work, we learned (personal com- munication) that similar observations have recently been made by Morris and DeMoss.5
Star couplers with gain using multiple erbium-doped fibers pumped with a single laser (1991)

An economical method for combining erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplifiers and star couplers, is presented. It involves simultaneously pumping EDFs placed at the input or output ports of the coupler with a single laser pump source distributed through the coupler itself. In this way, many amplifiers can share the cost of a single pump laser, and the need for individual pump/signal combiners is eliminated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of the Efficacy of Urine Cytology, Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 (NMP22), and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer (2009)

Purpose: We compared the efficacy of urine cytology, nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Washing urine samples from 156 patients were evaluated for the detection of bladder cancer. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was 106 patients with bladder cancer, group 2 was 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate without bladder cancer, and group 3 had gross hematuria without bladder cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology, NMP22, and FISH were compared. NMP22 positivity was defined as ≥10U/ml. FISH was done with the UroVysionR system and FISH positivity was defined as ≥2 abnormal urothelial cells with an abnormal signal from any out of 4 probes. Results: The overall sensitivity of urine cytology, NMP22, and FISH was 60.4%, 75.5%, and 84.9%, respectively (p<0.001). The overall specificity of cytology, NMP22, and FISH was 96.7%, 83.3%, and 93.3%, respectively (p=0.168). In group 3, the false-positive rates of cytology, NMP22, and FISH were 20.0%, 55.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. In these patients with gross hematuria, the false-positive rate with NMP22 was significantly higher than with cytology or FISH (p=0.004). The sensitivity of cytology, NMP22, and FISH in low-grade bladder cancer patients was 25.9%, 51.9%, and 77.8%, respectively, and that in pTa-1 bladder cancer patients was 40.6%, 65.6%, and 78.1%, respectively. In low-grade or in pTa-1 patients, the sensitivity of the three diagnostic tools was significantly different (low grade; p<0.001, pTa-1; p<0.001). Conclusions: FISH is more sensitive in low-grade bladder cancer than is urine cytology and can be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of primary and recurrent bladder cancer. NMP22 was affected by gross hematuria and thus has limitations for screening of bladder cancer. However, it can be used to follow-up bladder cancer. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:6-11)
OS06.2A Local immunotherapy of glioblastoma via AAV-mediated gene transfer of checkpoint inhibitors in combination with CAR-NK cells (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary brain tumor which is characterized by low immunogenicity of tumor cells and prevalent immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since expression of PD-L1 on GB cells has been described, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) may be a promising approach for GB treatment. However, systemic administration of CIs bears the risk of autoimmune-like side effects, while the intratumoral drug concentration reached may not be sufficient. METHODS We studied delivery of CIs through targeted Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) encoding an anti PD-1 immunoadhesin (aPD-1) as a novel approach towards local immunotherapy in the syngeneic GL261-HER2 glioma model. Tumor cell-specific delivery was achieved by targeting HER2 via a specific designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin). We investigated the effects of this strategy alone and in combination with local injection of HER2-specific CAR-NK cells (NK-92/5.28.z), which have already shown efficacy in preclinical GB models and are currently under investigation in the CAR2BRAIN phase I clinical trial. Furthermore, aPD-1 functionality and cellular response to viral transduction as well as compatibility of both therapy approaches has been evaluated in various in vitro models. RESULTS HER2-AAV transduction efficacy of GB cells correlated with HER2 expression level, while target cells did not show anti-viral responses upon transduction. After transduction with aPD-1 HER2-AAVs, aPD-1 immunoadhesin was secreted in a time-dependent manner, bound its target on PD-1-expressing cells and was able to re-activate T-cells due to PD-1 blockade. AAV-transduction did not interfere with CAR-NK cell mediated tumor cell lysis. Biodistribution studies in mice revealed the presence of aPD-1 up to 10 days after a single HER2-AAV injection. In subcutaneous GL261-HER2 tumors, local treatment with HER2-AAVaPD-1 or HER2-AAVIgG-Fc+ NK-92/5.28.z therapy had no significant effect, whereas combination therapy profoundly delayed tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Local therapy with aPD-1 encoding HER2-AAVs in combination with NK-92/5.28.z cells is a promising novel strategy for GB immunotherapy with the potential to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects.
Charon Mediates Immune Deficiency–Driven PARP-1–Dependent Immune Responses in Drosophila (2016)

Regulation of NF-κB nuclear translocation and stability is central to mounting an effective innate immune response. In this article, we describe a novel molecular mechanism controlling NF-κB-dependent innate immune response. We show that a previously unknown protein, termed as Charon, functions as a regulator of antibacterial and antifungal immune defense in Drosophila Charon is an ankyrin repeat-containing protein that mediates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent transcriptional responses downstream of the innate immune pathway. Our results demonstrate that Charon interacts with the NF-κB ortholog Relish inside perinuclear particles and delivers active Relish to PARP-1-bearing promoters, thus triggering NF-κB/PARP-1-dependent transcription of antimicrobial peptides. Ablating the expression of Charon prevents Relish from targeting promoters of antimicrobial genes and effectively suppresses the innate immune transcriptional response. Taken together, these results implicate Charon as an essential mediator of PARP-1-dependent transcription in the innate immune pathway. Thus, to our knowledge, our results are the first to describe the molecular mechanism regulating translocation of the NF-κB subunit from cytoplasm to chromatin.
Genes for prostaglandin d synthase and receptor as well as adenosine A2A receptor are involved in the homeostatic regulation of nrem sleep. (2004)

(1) Prostaglandin D2 is essential for the maintenance of the sleep state. (2) The adenosine and A2A receptor system is a link between the humoral and neural mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation. (3) Prostaglandin D2 plays a crucial role in the homeostatic regulation of NREM sleep. Finally, it may not be too far-fetched to say that prostaglandin D2 was most likely the endogenous sleep substance described by Piéron and Ishimori about 100 years ago, and possibly the sleep-inducing factor reported by Professor Jouvet and coworkers some twenty years ago.
High-performance 5-um 640 x 480 HgCdTe-on-sapphire focal plane arrays (1994)

A high-performance 5-μm 640 X 480 HgCdTe/CdTe/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> infrared focal plane array (FPA) that offers full TV-compatible resolution with excellent sensitivity at temperatures below 120 K has been developed. Mean FPA <i>D</i>* at 95 K and background of 10<sup>14</sup> photons/cm<sup>2</sup> s is background-limited at ~1 x 10<sup>12</sup> cm Hz<sup>1/2</sup>/W for the typical mean quantum efficiency of 60 to 70%. The key technology making this large, high-sensitivity device producible is the epitaxial growth of HgCdTe on a rugged CdTe-buffered sapphire substrate. Mean camera noise-equivalent temperature difference NEΔT of 13 mK has been achieved at ≤ 120 K operating temperature and 3.4- to 4.2-μm passband; this is about an order of magnitude better than similar currently available cameras, which use PtSi FPAs and require cooling to ≤ 77 K to maintain performance at low scene temperatures.
Biosynthesis of the pigments of life. The mystery of the cyclisation and ring D-inversion in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III (1994)

Abstract
Managing Faults for Distributed Workflows over Grids (2010)

Grid applications composed of multiple, distributed jobs are common areas for applying Web-scale workflows. Workflows over grid infrastructures are inherently complicated due to the need to both functionally assure the entire process and coordinate the underlying tasks. Often, these applications are long-running, and fault tolerance becomes a significant concern. Transparency is a vital aspect to understanding fault tolerance in these environments.
Excitons and exciton confinement in crystalline organic thin films grown by organic molecular-beam deposition (1995)

We study excitons in thin films of varying thickness of two organic molecular crystals grown by the ultrahigh-vacuum process of organic molecular-beam deposition; 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI). By using electroabsorption spectroscopy, low-temperature fluorescence, and absorption techniques, we find that nearly spatially symmetric charge-transfer/Wannier-like excitons are present in crystalline PTCDA films, and that these excitons can be confined in multilayer stacks of ultrathin layers of thicknesses ranging from 10 to 100 \AA{}. In PTCBI films, however, the exciton has a smaller radius, and thus much weaker spectral and electric-field dependences on layer thickness are observed. In addition, we present theoretical and experimental evidence showing that exciton-lattice interactions may be modified by the growth of ultrathin layers and the subsequent confinement of the charge-transfer excitons.
A High Injection Resonant Cavity Violet Light Emitting Diode Incorporating (Al,Ga)N Distributed Bragg Reflector (2001)

A vertical cavity violet LED has been designed and implemented which includes an optical resonator composed of an in-situ grown GaN/AlGaN DBR and a high reflectivity dielectric mirror. The structure incorporates an intracavity lateral current spreading layer based on a p++/n++ InGaN/GaN tunnel junction. Electroluminescence shows directional emission, with modal linewidths as narrow as 0.6 nm.
Inorganic electroluminescent displays: the impact of new materials (2004)

An overview of inorganic EL (iEL) flat panel displays (FPD) is presented. This includes a summary of the key points of iEL device operation and on overview of the impact of new phosphors and dielectric materials critical in EL device operation. This is followed by in-depth review of iEL devices and displays utilizing rare-earth-doped GaN and transition-metal-doped ZnS, in conjunction with high dielectric constant insulating layers. Next, a brief status of companies in the iEL field is given. Finally, speculative concepts on combining inorganic and organic light emitting materials are discussed.
Stabilized electrodes for lithium batteries (2023)

A structurally inhomogeneous lithium metal oxide material having the Formula (I): y[xLi2MO3•(1-x)LiM′O2]•(1-y)Li1+dM″2−dO4; wherein 0≤x≤1; 0<y<1; 0≤d≤0.33; and wherein the Li1+dM″2−dO4 component comprises a spinel structure, and each of the Li2MO3 and the LiM′2 components thereof comprise layered structures. Each of M, M′, and M″ independently comprises one or more metal ions. The composition of the material of Formula (I) varies across the electrode particles by changing at least one of x, y, d, M, M′ and M″. Electrodes, cells and batteries comprising the lithium metal oxide material are also described.
Redox Interfaces for Electrochemically Controlled Protein–Surface Interactions: Bioseparations and Heterogeneous Enzyme Catalysis (2017)

Redox-active materials are an attractive platform for engineering specific interactions with charged species by electrochemical control. We present nanostructured redox-electrodes, functionalized with poly(vinyl)ferrocene embedded in a carbon nanotube matrix, for modulating the adsorption and release of proteins through electrochemical potential swings. The affinity of the interface toward proteins increased dramatically following oxidation of the ferrocenes, and, due to the Faradaic nature of the organometallic centers, the electrodes were maintained at sufficiently low overpotentials to ensure the preservation of both protein structure and catalytic activity. Our system was selective for various proteins based on size and charge distribution, and exhibited fast kinetics (<120 s for a charge–discharge cycle) and high uptake capacities (>200 mg/g) under moderate overpotentials (+0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl), as well as remarkable stability for binding under ferrocene oxidation conditions. The preservation of bioactivity and protein structure at the interface indicates the potential for these redox-mediated surfaces to be used as heterogeneous supports for enzyme catalysis. This work draws on the molecular selectivity of ferrocene-functionalized materials toward organic anion groups, and demonstrates that these smart redox-active materials can be used for modulation of the macroscopic affinity of surfaces for charged biomacromolecules to enhance processes such as bioseparations, electrochemically controlled protein purification, biocatalysis, and electrochemically mediated drug release.
Image Enhancement using Entwined Auto-Encoder CNN with Nested Convolution Kernels (2021)

We present a novel method for image enhancement aimed at restoring or hallucinat- ing fine-grained natural image details while retaining well-detailed areas intact. To that end, we employ convolutional neural network trained using aligned patches from pairs of high- and low-quality images depicting the same scenery. Our training procedure includes our novel modulated retention loss which makes the learning concentrate on image areas requiring improvement, while retaining the rest. To address the problem of large-scale consistency of fine-grained details (for example, integrity of long hair strands), we propose the use of nested convolution kernels, which allows leveraging fractal self- similarity of feature maps produced from the input image. Our experiments show clear improvement of subjective quality of fine-grained details (human hair, garment fabric) in image areas which suffered from detail degradation. Objective quality measurements (using non-reference image quality metrics) show competitive performance of our method compared to the state-of-the-art image enhancement methods.
Genetic variant analysis of boys with Autism: A pilot study on linking facial phenotype to genotype (2017)

This work examines the validity of facial phenotypes as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) biomarkers in boys with essential autism. A family-based association analysis framework is presented that uses previously identified facially-delineated (FD) clusters to examine relationship between FD clusters and known ASD genes. The hypothesis is that there are certain genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), specific to the FD clusters. Although statistical significance was not established, the results identified some candidate SNPs unique to each of the FD clusters that could indicate an underlying etiological difference. Further, recommendations are provided for larger-scale studies that could utilize the analysis framework presented.
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing−Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for Protein Characterization (1998)

On-line combination of capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry is demonstrated for high-resolution analysis of model proteins, human hemoglobin variants, and Escherichia coli proteins. The acquisition of high-resolution mass spectra of hemoglobin beta chains allows direct identification of hemoglobin variants A and C, differing in molecular mass by 1 Da. Direct mass determination of cellular proteins separated in the CIEF capillary is achieved using their isotopic envelopes obtained from ESI-FTICR. The factors which dictate overall performance of CIEF-ESI-FTICR, including duty cycle, mass resolution, scan rate, and sensitivity, are discussed in the context of protein variants and cell lysates analyzed in this study.
[4-Tesla 1H MR spectroscopy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy]. (1991)

7 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and localized EEG-focus were investigated with a 4 Tesla whole body MR-scanner. Proton (1H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectra were analyzed quantitatively and compared to the healthy side. MRS allowed the differentiation of the following metabolites in 5 patients: N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine, phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholine, beta- and gamma-glutamate (GLU). To compare the results with those of an already evaluated normal population, these metabolites were measured also in parietal region. The standard deviation was 42-46% in the patients. Unfortunately, in the temporal region, the field homogeneity was worse than parietal and thus the spectral analysis less distinct especially for GLU with a standard deviation of 45% for NAA and 66% for GLU on the healthy side. Thus, no significant findings were seen on focus side. There was only a tendency to an elevation of glutamate and a reduction of N-acetyl-aspartate.
Ultra-Compact Multichannel Optical Components Based on PLC and MEMS Technologies (2003)

We propose multichannel optical components based on PLC and MEMS technologies. 12 channel optical switch arrays and VOA arrays have been successfully developed by integrating 2x2 cross type waveguides and MEMS micro-mirrors connected together by flip chip bonding.
Mechanistic Aspects of Ketene Formation Deduced from Femtosecond Photolysis of Diazocyclohexadienone, o-Phenylene Thioxocarbonate, and 2-Chlorophenol (2012)

The photochemistry of diazocyclohexadienone (1), o-phenylene thioxocarbonate (2), and 2-chlorophenol (3) in solution was studied using time-resolved UV-vis and IR transient absorption spectroscopies. In these three cases, the same product cyclopentadienyl ketene (5) is formed, and two different mechanistic pathways leading to this product are discussed: (a) rearrangement in the excited state (RIES) and (b) a stepwise route involving the intermediacy of vibrationally excited or relaxed carbene. Femtosecond UV-vis detection allows observation of an absorption band assigned to singlet 2-oxocyclohexa-3,5-dienylidene (4), and this absorption feature decays with an ∼30 ps time constant in hexane and acetonitrile. The excess vibrational energy present in nascent carbenes results in the ultrafast Wolff rearrangement of the hot species. IR detection shows that photoexcited o-phenylene thioxocarbonate (2) and 2-chlorophenol (3) efficiently form the carbene species while diazocyclohexadienone (1) photochemistry proceeds mainly by a concerted process.
[2.2](4,4′)Azobenzolophan (1990)

Einfach durch Reduktion von 1,2‐Bis(4‐nitrophenyl)ethan wurde das lange gesuchte [2.2]Azobenzolophan 1 hergestellt, dessen C  N = N  C‐Einheiten gemäß 1 H‐NMR‐ und UV/VIS‐Spektren gewinkelt vorliegen. Photochemisch erzeugtes cis,cis ‐ 1 isomerisiert 10 000mal langsamer zur trans,trans ‐ Form als das cis,trans ‐Isomer. magnified image
Ion-implanted complementary MOS transistors in low-voltage circuits (1972)

Ion-implanted complementary MOS integrated circuits which can operate at supply voltages less than 0.4 V have been fabricated. Their behavior will be described by a new theory of MOST characteristics which is valid near threshold.
Paul Sabatier et l’abbé Jean Baptiste Senderens, témoins lointains d’une « laïcité positive » (2010)

Paul Sabatier, professeur à la faculté des sciences de l’État à Toulouse, et l’abbé Jean Baptiste Senderens, professeur à l’institut catholique de Toulouse, en une époque où l’enseignement supérieur public et privé se faisaient la guerre et où la république française vota la loi de séparation des églises et de l’État, ont su passer outre ces évènements politiques pour collaborer et donner une production scientifique importante sur la catalyse hétérogène. C’est ensemble qu’ils reçurent le prix Jecker. Sabatier obtint, en partie grâce à ces travaux, le prix Nobel de chimie en 1912 avec Victor Grignard. Avec Senderens, il fut le tout premier acteur de ce qui est appelé depuis la laïcité positive.
Analyses of Differential Gene Expression in Genetic Hypertensive Rats by Microarray (2002)

We identified genes that were differentially expressed between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) using cDNA microarray analysis, and analyzed the correlation between these genes and hypertension. Twenty four genes were found to be up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated in SHR. We selected 11 genes (6 up-regulated genes: SAH, Hsp70, MCT1, RBP, IDI1, Prion; and 5 down-regulated genes: Thrombin, Dyn, SOD3, Ela1, Gst Y(b)) and subjected them to an F2 cosegregation analysis. One hundred five F2 rats were obtained from the same strains used for microarray analysis, and blood pressure was measured directly with a catheter implanted in the femoral artery. The genotypes of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and glutathione S-transferase Y(b) subunit significantly affected diastolic blood pressure in F2 rats, and these two genes are located near each other on chromosome 2. However, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in this region revealed that the QTL for diastolic blood pressure were from these two genes. Antihypertensive treatment with either enalapril or hydralazine only affected the expression level of Hsp70, which was up-regulated by hydralazine, probably through compensatory sympathetic activation. We were unable to associate the other 10 genes with hypertension in SHR. Based on these results, the identification of differentially expressed genes may not be an efficient method for selecting candidate genes for hypertension in the SHR-WKY system.