gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femoral antetorsion after calcar‐guided short‐stem total hip arthroplasty: A cadaver study (2021)

Calcar-guided short stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA) permit surgeons to successfully reconstruct postoperative femoroacetabular offset, accurately restore leg length, and adequately re-establish a wide range of caput-collum-diaphyseal angles. However, their effect on femoral antetorsion is less known. Indeed, controlling antetorsion of the femoral stem can be challenging because of the differences in individual femoral geometry and curvature. Therefore, we investigated if calcar-guided short-stem THA alters femoral antetorsion and compared it with conventional-stem THA. Using 12 Thiel-fixed, full-body cadaver specimens from donors without known hip disorders, we compared an uncemented calcar-guided femoral short-stem prosthesis with an uncemented conventional straight-stem prosthesis. In a paired study setup, each specimen received a calcar-guided short stem on one side and a conventional stem on the other. On the acetabular side, all specimens received a press-fit, monobloc acetabular cup. Femoral antetorsion angles were measured using the Waidelich method, and pre- and post-operative angles of both sides were recorded. The mean preoperative femoral antetorsion angles were similar in both groups (24.8° ± 7.5° vs. 23.8° ± 6.1°, p = 0.313). Mean postoperative femoral antetorsion angles were 23.0° ± 5.5° in short-stem and 13.5° ± 7.1° in conventional-stem hips. Short-stem hips had a small but nonsignificant difference in femoral antetorsion angles pre- and post-operatively (1.8° ± 3.2°, p = 0.109), while the difference for conventional-stem hips was much larger and highly significant (10.3° ± 5.8°, p < 0.001). Calcar-guided short-stem THA effectively restores femoral antetorsion. However, how this affects long-term clinical outcomes and complications warrants further exploration.
3D printing of drug-eluting bioactive multifunctional coatings for orthopedic applications (2023)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is implemented for surface modification of titanium alloy substrates with multilayered biofunctional polymeric coatings. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymers were embedded with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and vancomycin (VA) therapeutic agents to promote osseointegration and antibacterial activity, respectively. PCL coatings revealed a uniform deposition pattern of the ACP-laden formulation and enhanced cell adhesion on the titanium alloy substrates as compared to the PLGA coatings. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed a nanocomposite structure of ACP particles showing strong binding with the polymers. Cell viability data showed comparable MC3T3 osteoblast proliferation on polymeric coatings as equivalent to positive controls. <i>In vitro</i> live/dead assessment indicated higher cell attachments for 10 layers (burst release of ACP) as compared to 20 layers (steady release) for PCL coatings. The PCL coatings loaded with the antibacterial drug VA displayed a tunable release kinetics profile based on the multilayered design and drug content of the coatings. Moreover, the concentration of active VA released from the coatings was above the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, demonstrating its effectiveness against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacterial strain. This research provides a basis for developing antibacterial biocompatible coatings to promote osseointegration of orthopedic implants.
Discerning the differential molecular pathology of proliferative middle ear lesions using Raman spectroscopy (2015)

Despite its widespread prevalence, middle ear pathology, especially the development of proliferative lesions, remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Diagnostic evaluation is still predicated upon a high index of clinical suspicion on otoscopic examination of gross morphologic features. We report the first technique that has the potential to non-invasively identify two key lesions, namely cholesteatoma and myringosclerosis, by providing real-time information of differentially expressed molecules. In addition to revealing signatures consistent with the known pathobiology of these lesions, our observations provide the first evidence of the presence of carbonate- and silicate-substitutions in the calcium phosphate plaques found in myringosclerosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy to not only provide new understanding of the etiology of these conditions by defining objective molecular markers but also aid in margin assessment to improve surgical outcome.
A comparison of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents, IRC-110160 and STX140. (2008)

IRC-110160 is a potent inhibitor of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the potency of IRC-110160 was unaffected by the over-expression of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. IRC-110160 and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (STX140) induced apoptosis in a similar timeframe in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but only STX140 caused G2/M arrest in these cells. In the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model 300 mg/kg p.o. (daily) of IRC-110160 and 20 mg/kg p.o. STX140 (daily) both completely inhibited tumour growth; however some toxicity was observed with IRC-110160. After 28 days of daily dosing STX140 (20 mg/kg p.o.) had minimal effect on the white blood population of mice with tumours. The masking of STX140 from white blood cells may be due to its interaction with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) in the red blood cells. In contrast to STX140, IRC-110160 does not inhibit CAII. These studies highlight the activity of two orally bioavailable anti-cancer agents one of which, STX140, may offer a significant clinical advantage over existing drugs as a common dose limiting factor, haemotoxicity, may be minimised.
Enantioselective Sulfoxidation as a Probe for a Metal-Based Mechanism in H2O2-Dependent Oxidations Catalyzed by a Diiron Complex (1999)

The catalytic properties of the diiron complex 1, Fe(2)OL(4)(H(2)O)(2)(ClO(4))(4) with L = (-)-4,5-pinenebipyridine, a chiral bipyridine derivative, have been investigated. Complex 1 efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of aryl sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides by hydrogen peroxide, with yields ranging from 45 to 90% based on the oxidant. Furthermore the reactions were enantioselective and produced a mixture of sulfoxide enantiomers with significant enantiomeric excesses. The largest ee value (40%) was found in the case of p-bromophenyl methyl sulfide. Optimal ee's were obtained in polar solvents and at low temperature (below 0 degrees C), when the excess of the oxidant was limited. The observation of (i) a saturation kinetics with respect to both sulfide and H(2)O(2) concentrations, (ii) a linear Hammett correlation of the initial V(max) values with sigma(p) values, for a series of p-substituted aryl methyl sulfides, (iii) iron-peroxo complexes, characterized by light absorption and Raman resonance spectroscopies, during reaction of complex 1 with H(2)O(2), and (iv) a saturation kinetics with respect to sulfide during oxidation of sulfide into sulfoxide by the iron-peroxo complexes led us to propose that the iron-peroxo moiety is the actual oxygen atom donor to the substrate, thus explaining the enantioselective control of the catalytic reaction. These data demonstrate that oxidations by non heme diiron complexes can proceed through metal-based pathways and can thus be made stereoselective.
Optical Tomography by Digital Holographic Microscopy (2009)

Optical tomography provides three-dimensional data of the measured specimen, while quantitative phase imaging enables measuring the induced phase-shifts. Combining those two technologies makes possible to get three-dimensional refractive index reconstruction. This can be achieved by introducing a scan in the measurement process, which can be done in several ways. We present and compare results of tomographic measurements, taken either in angle-scanning or wavelength-scanning approach, respectively in transmission or in reflection microscopy, in the framework of digital holographic microscopy.
Ultrashort Near-Infrared Fiber-Optic Sensors for Carbon Dioxide Detection (2015)

In this paper, we report a fiber-optic carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) near-infrared (IR) absorption sensor with only 8-cm sensing length that is coated with nanoporous metalorganic framework material Cu-BTC (BTC = benzene-1,3, 5-tricarboxylate). The multimode optical fiber was etched by hydrofluoric acid to remove the cladding and part of the core, resulting in larger evanescent field to sense the near-IR absorption induced by the adsorbed CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The Cu-BTC thin film with 100 nm thickness was then grown onto the ethced core through a stepwise layer-by-layer method. Our real-time measurement results show that the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> detection limit is better than 500 ppm and the overall response time is 40 s for absorption and 75 s for desorption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest near-IR fiber-optic sensor for CO2 detection at 1.57-μm wavelength.
EFFECT OF IMPLANT POSITION ON ULNOHUMERAL LOAD TRANSFER IN TOTAL ELBOW ARTHROPLASTY (2008)

This study investigated the effect of the articulation position on joint load transfer in total elbow arthroplasty. To quantify loading, an adjustable humeral component, instrumented with a load cell, was developed to measure ulnohumeral loads in-vitro. Computer guidance was implemented to accurately place the linked articulation into eight cadaveric elbows. Axial compression and bending about the flexion axis produced the greatest loads during simulated active elbow flexion. An anteriorly malpositioned flexion-extension axis resulted in increased joint loads during flexion. Translational positional errors were more influential than rotational position on articular loading. To quantify the relationship between total elbow arthroplasty position and elbow joint loading. Eight cadaveric upper extremities were tested using a motion-controlled testing device, which simulated muscle activity. Computer guidance was employed to accurately position a linked implant consisting of a custom-designed adjustable humeral component and commercial ulnar component. The testing apparatus was instrumented with a six-degree-of-freedom load cell to measure axial and bending loads. Seven implant positions were tested including anterior-posterior translation (−5.0, −2.5, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 mm) and internal-external rotation (−5, 0, 5°) during supinated and pronated flexion. The resultant joint force decreased for all prosthetic hinge positions as elbow flexion increased (p An anteriorly malpositioned flexion-extension axis resulted in an increase in joint loading during flexion and should be avoided during elbow arthroplasty. This is the first reported study to measure the effect of elbow prosthesis positioning on joint loading. The knowledge gained about joint loads should improve future prosthetic designs and treatment options. Funding: Canadian Institute for Health Research. Please contact author for graphs and/or diagrams.
Regulation of Cardiolipin Remodeling in Human Lymphoblasts (2013)

Background Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X‐linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TAZ gene. The TAZ gene product, tafazzin, is responsible for remodeling Cardiolipin (CL) with the necessary acyl species. TAZ mutations can result in cardiomyopathy. Monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase‐1 (MLCL AT‐1) is another enzyme capable of CL remodeling. Objective To examine if MLCL AT‐1 complements tafazzin in the remodeling of CL. Methods Lymphoblasts from normal or BTHS patients were transfected with TAZ and/or MLCL AT‐1 RNAi or an MLCL AT‐1 carrying plasmid. TAZ and MLCL AT‐1 gene expression were analyzed. Other analyses included measuring CL mass, MLCL AT‐1 enzyme activity and radiolabelling studies. Our studies also include using BN PAGE to analyse mitochondrial complexes in normal and BTHS lymphoblasts. Results MLCL AT‐1 gene expression increased when TAZ was knocked down. Expression of MLCL AT‐1 elevated CL levels, increased [1‐ 14 C] Linoleic acid incorporation into CL and raised MLCL AT‐1 enzyme activity in normal and BTHS cells in which TAZ was knocked down. The double knockdown results are not lower than TAZ knockdown alone. Results show that MLCL AT‐1 over‐expression is able to elevate mitochondrial complex I formation in BTHS lymphoblasts. Conclusion MLCL AT‐1 over‐expression may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to treat BTHS. Funding: CIHR, Barth Syndrome Foundations of USA and Canada
Utility of T2* Gradient-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Routine Imaging of Ischemic Stroke (2001)

P27 Objective: To determine the utility of routine T2* weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: One hundred stroke patients with CT scans negative for hemorrhage were prospectively evaluated with T1, T2, FLAIR, and T2* weighted gradient-echo imaging. Results: Ten T2* scans showed evidence of prior hemorrhage, 9 asymptomatic. Seven had abnormalities seen only on T2* imaging. Three had evidence of blood products on T2 as well as T2* (1 subacute). In one patient, a T2* done 2 hours after giving tPA showed abnormality consistent with amyloid angiopathy. She had a subsequent hemorrhagic complication. Discussion: Ten percent of our patients with negative CT scans showed evidence of prior hemorrhage on MRI. Seven percent showed abnormality consistent with hemorrhage only on T2* imaging. T2* sequences are rapidly obtained and readily available on most existing scanners with no additional hardware or software requirements. The information obtained may not be available clinically or with other imaging studies and may alter both acute and chronic management decisions. Conclusion: While our sample size is small, our data indicate that T2* gradient-echo MRI may a valuable tool in the routine imaging evaluation of ischemic stroke.
An ontology for transitions in physical dynamic systems (1998)

Physical systems often exhibit complex nonlinear behaviors. To simplify behavioral analysis, we often introduce abstractions to hide details and more easily generate the dominant behaviors of a system. Given a system operating at multiple scales of time and space, we define equivalence relations over the set of system behaviors. Consequently, the entire domain of operation is partitioned into patches, called modes, with similar continuous behaviors. Discrete transitions move the system from one mode to another. Overall, subtle interactions between the continuous behaviors and discrete transitions require the development of a hybrid modeling and analysis paradigm. This paper presents a taxonomy of transitions and their accompanying modes: mythical, pinnacle, interior, boundary, and sliding behaviors, and synthesizes the transition conditions for the behaviors to develop a unified semantics and an efficient, self-consistent simulation algorithm for dynamic systems.
Multiple elements and auto-repression regulate Rox1, a repressor of hypoxic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1995)

The ROX1 gene encodes a heme-induced repressor of hypoxic genes in yeast. Using RNA blot analysis and a ROX1/lacZ fusion construct that included the ROX1 upstream region and only the first codon, we discovered that Rox1 represses its own expression. Gel-retardation experiments indicated that Rox1 was capable of binding to its own upstream region. Overexpression of Rox1 from the inducible GAL1 promoter was found to be inhibitory to cell growth. Also, we found that, as reported previously, Hap1 is partially responsible for heme-induction of ROX1, but, in addition, it also may play a role in ROX1 repression in the absence of heme. There is a second repressor of anaerobic ROX1 expression that requires the general repressor Tup1/Ssn6 for its function.
Shrinkage void formation and its effect on freeze and thaw processes of lithium and lithium-fluoride for space applications (1991)

The effects of shrinkage void forming during freezing of lithium and lithium fluoride on subsequent thaw processes are investigated using a numerical scheme that is based on a single (solid/liquid) cell approach. Results show that a void forming at the wall appreciably reduces the solid-liquid interface velocity, during both freeze and thaw, and causes a substantial rise in the wall temperature during thaw. However, in the case of Li, the maximum wall temperature was much lower than the melting temperature of PWC-11, which is used as the structure material in the SP-100 system. Hence, it is concluded that a formation of hot spots is unlikely during the startup or restart of the SP-100 system.
Synthesis and processing of RNA in <italic>Lemna</italic>: Characterization by gel electrophoresis (1973)

The synthesis and processing of rapidly labelled RNAs from Lemna perpusilla 6746 was followed by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, as the first step in a study of the changes which occur with environmental changes. Two RNAs with high apparent molecular weights of 2.8 M and 2.3 M were detected. Time-course study results were consistent with the idea that the 2.8 M was cleaved to form 2.3 M RNA and “excess” RNA with a molecular weight of 0.5 M. The latter had a far lower turnover than the 2.3 M RNA. Another rapidly labelled RNA which has not been described before in plants, had an apparent weight of 1.2 M. This was followed by labelling the 1.4 M component, then the light rRNA (0.7 M), and finally the heavy rRNA (1.3 M). A relatively large amount of high molecular weight, polydisperse RNA was synthesized under steadystate conditions. Incubation of plants on distilled water reduced synthesis of 1.2 M RNA, while other components were less affected. The processing of rRNA precursors was also slowed.
Pixel weighted average strategy for depth sensor data fusion (2010)

This paper introduces a new multi-lateral filter to fuse low-resolution depth maps with high-resolution images. The goal is to enhance the resolution of Time-of-Flight sensors and, at the same time, reduce the noise level in depth measurements. Our approach is based on the joint bilateral upsampling, extended by a new factor that considers the low reliability of depth measurements along the low-resolution depth map edges. Our experimental results show better performances than alternative depth enhancing data fusion techniques.
Gamete Binding and Fusion (2011)

Fertilization is a stepwise process that starts before the actual gamete binding and fusion. Spermatozoa travel through the female reproductive system and respond to chemotaxis and thermotaxis to reach the oocyte. In most mammals, zona pellucida (ZP) glycoprotein ZPC is the primary sperm receptor that mediates sperm-ZP binding and acrosomal exocytosis (AE). During AE, the outer acrosomal membrane, already primed for AE during capacitation, fuses with the plasma membrane and undergoes vesiculation. The acrosomal matrix (AM) is exposed and dispersed in a step-wise manner. Sperm-ZP penetration is supported by sperm motility and by enzymatic activity of the hypothetical egg coat “lysin”, an acrosomal protease that digests the fertilization slit. Acrosin has been considered as a zona lysin candidate. However, male mice lacking the Acr gene are fertile. Recently, researchers have been focusing on the 26S proteasome as a mammalian and non-mammalian egg coat lysin. Following zona penetration, spermatozoa reach the perivitelline space and adhere to and fuse with the oolemma. Tetraspanin superfamily members CD9 and CD81 appear to act as sperm receptors on the oolemma, possibly supported by integrins and other elements within the cortical tetraspanin web. IZUMO, a member of immunoglobulin superfamily is a sperm ligand candidate for oolemma tetraspanins. Both CD9 and IZUMO are essential for gamete adhesion and fertility in the mouse. However, there is no evidence yet supporting the involvement of IZUMO and CD9 in sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion. After sperm-oolemma fusion, the fertilizing spermatozoon is incorporated into the ooplasm, a process aided by oocyte cortex microfilaments.
New results on miniaturised annular arrays built using ultrasound micromachining (2003)

Fabrication and test of a 2 mm diameter 4 channel annular array is described. Comparison between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted admittance of the transducer elements is reported. The theoretical 3D finite element analysis is finally used to identify the electrically measured vibration mode of the device.
ChemInform Abstract: HOST‐GUEST COMPLEXATION. 30. QUINQUARYL AND BIS(UREA) BINDERS (1984)

Abstract Die neuen 20gliedrigen Ringsysteme (Ia)‐(ld‐), (IIa), (IIb) sowie die offenkettige Modellverbindung (III) werden synthetisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer konformativen und Bindungseigenschaften (gegenüber Alkalimetall‐, Ammonium‐ und Alkylammonium‐pikraten; Bestimmung der Assoziationskonstanten und den Freien Energien der Bindung) eingehend untersucht.
Sparse distributed memory for experience-based robot manipulation (2009)

Sparse distributed memory (SDM) is a mathematical technique based on the properties of high-dimensional space for storing and retrieving large binary patterns. This model has been proposed for cerebellar functions, and has been used in simple visual and linguistic applications to date. This paper presents an SDM for robotic applications, especially for storing and recognising mobile manipulation actions of a 6-DOF robot arm. Sequences of events are stored as subjective experiences and are later used to guide robot arm behaviour based on its memory content. Several simple manipulation tasks, such as lift and place a wastebin from and on the floor, push an object aside on a table-top, and draw shapes in the air are analysed under different operation modes. The robot system shows good reproduction abilities of task-dependent arm trajectories based on sparse distributed memory. Moreover, the content-addressable, associative memory even predicts the residual arm trajectory of a task if the arm is placed somewhere close to a learnt trajectory.
HIV-1 vaccine design through minimizing envelope metastability (2018)

SUMMARY Overcoming envelope metastability is crucial to trimer-based HIV-1 vaccine design. Here, we present a coherent vaccine strategy by minimizing metastability. For ten strains across five clades, we demonstrate that gp41 ectodomain (gp41 ECTO ) is the main source of envelope metastability by replacing wild-type gp41 ECTO with BG505 gp41 ECTO of the uncleaved prefusion-optimized (UFO) design. These gp41 ECTO -swapped trimers can be produced in CHO cells with high yield and high purity. Crystal structure of a gp41 ECTO -swapped trimer elucidates how a neutralization-resistant tier 3 virus evades antibody recognition of the V2 apex. UFO trimers of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses and UFO trimers containing a consensus-based ancestral gp41 ECTO suggest an evolutionary root of the metastability. Gp41ECTO-stabilized trimers can be readily displayed on 24- and 60-meric nanoparticles, with incorporation of additional T cell help illustrated for a hyperstable 60-mer. In mice and rabbits, gp140 nanoparticles induced more effective tier 2 neutralizing antibody response than trimers with statistical significance. HIGHLIGHTS gp41 is the main source of HIV-1 envelope metastability BG505 gp41 of the UFO design stabilizes gp140 trimers of diverse subtypes gp41 stabilization facilitates gp140 nanoparticle assembly and improves production Nanoparticles elicit tier 2 neutralizing antibodies more effectively than trimers