gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A MAC solution for distributed coordination of 5G LAA operator networks and fair coexistence with WLAN in unlicensed spectrum (2016)

Acquiring more spectral resources is a key enabler for the envisioned high data rates of next generation mobile networks. Licensed-assisted access (LAA) to the vast and free-of-charge unlicensed spectrum has been therefore receiving tremendous interest, especially with the advancements in small cells and carrier aggregation. We propose a novel 5G MAC solution for fair and efficient coexistence with WLAN and other 5G operator networks in unlicensed spectrum (5G-U). A UE-centric joint association and channel selection algorithm maximizes the achievable long-term rates. Neighboring LPNs of the same 5G-U network opportunistically form per-channel disjoint radio access clusters (RACs). During an active sensing phase, RACs discover their potential interferers and `contend-to-coordinate' their self-allocation of the unlicensed channel. A self-allocated RAC dynamically optimizes its coexistence frames with WLAN to achieve the estimated soft airtime share over the coordination frame. We generalize the simple sequential inhibition model, which has been shown to accurately model the carrier sense multiple access, to capture the impact of longer LAA bursts as well as the priority access mode in the downlink simulations. Results with single-LPN RACs show substantial coexistence throughput gains compared to two different models of LTE-LAA. Additional gains are realized with multi-LPN RACs in dense deployment and high channel occupancy scenarios.
A CMOS 10kpixel baseline-free magnetic bead detector with column-parallel readout for miniaturized immunoassays (2012)

The specific detection of anti-bodies or proteins in a point-of-care setting remains an unsolved technological challenge. While laboratory instruments rely on enzymatic labels and require complex, difficult-to-miniaturize optics, devices using super-paramagnetic labels have emerged as an attractive alternative for point-of-care systems [1]. The key challenge for all magnetic-bead detection systems [2-5] is the presence of a large measurement “baseline.” Since beads are paramagnetic, a polarization field must be applied in order to excite a magnetic response. This response is ~1000× smaller than the polarization field, necessitating a combination of calibration, reference sensors [2], and temperature stabilization [5] to reject the polarization field. In addition to a low and stable baseline, a practical system should have low measurement time and large sensing area to reduce biological variations [6].
Pancreatic and biliary secretion are both altered in cystic fibrosis pigs (2012)

The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are commonly involved in cystic fibrosis (CF), and acidic, dehydrated, and protein-rich secretions are characteristic findings. Pancreatic function studies in humans have been done by sampling the jejunal fluid. However, it has been difficult to separately study the function of pancreatic and biliary systems in humans with CF, because jejunal fluid contains a mixture of bile and pancreatic fluids. In contrast, pancreatic and biliary ducts open separately into the porcine intestine; therefore, biliary and pancreatic fluid can be individually analyzed in CF pigs. We studied newborn wild-type (WT) and CF pigs and found that CFTR was localized to the pancreatic ducts. We collected bile and pancreatic fluid and analyzed pancreatic enzymes with activity assays and immunoblot. Pancreatic enzyme expression was significantly decreased in CF compared with WT pigs. The volume and pH of pancreatic fluid were significantly lower and protein concentration was >5-fold higher in CF pigs. Secretin stimulation increased pancreatic fluid volume and pH in WT, but not CF, pigs. Baseline bile volume did not differ between WT and CF pigs, but volume did not increase in response to secretin in CF pigs. Bile pH was lower and protein concentration was twofold higher in CF pigs. These results indicate that pancreatic and biliary secretions are altered in CF pigs. Abnormal pancreatic and biliary secretion in CF may have important implications in disease pathogenesis.
PD52-03 MULTI-PARAMETRIC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF MULTI-FOCAL PROSTATE CANCER UNMASKS INTRA-PROSTATIC GENOMIC HETEROGENEITY AND NOVEL RADIO-GENOMIC CORRELATES: RESULTS OF THE SMARTER PROSTATE INTERVENTIONS AND THERAPEUTICS (SPIRIT) STUDY (2020)

fit an elastic-net penalized Cox regression model with these 242 features, which was applied to all patients. The Cox model output a risk score for each patient. This process was termed "Histotyping". The concordance index (c-index) of Histotyping and Decipher in BCRfree survival were compared.
Data from CD47 Enhances <i>In Vivo</i> Functionality of Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Artificial antigen-presenting cells, aAPC, have successfully been used to stimulate antigen-specific T-cell responses &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; as well as &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Although aAPC compare favorably with autologous dendritic cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, their effect &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; might be diminished through rapid clearance by macrophages. Therefore, to prevent uptake and minimize clearance of aAPC by macrophages, thereby increasing &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; functionality, we investigated the efficiency of “don't eat me” three-signal aAPC compared with classical two-signal aAPC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To generate “don't eat me” aAPC, CD47 was additionally immobilized onto classical aAPC (aAPC&lt;sup&gt;CD47+&lt;/sup&gt;). aAPC and aAPC&lt;sup&gt;CD47+&lt;/sup&gt; were analyzed in &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; human primary T-cell and macrophage cocultures. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; efficiency was compared in a NOD/SCID T-cell proliferation and a B16-SIY melanoma model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; This study demonstrates that aAPC&lt;sup&gt;CD47+&lt;/sup&gt; in coculture with human macrophages show a CD47 concentration–dependent inhibition of phagocytosis, whereas their ability to generate and expand antigen-specific T cells was not affected. Furthermore, aAPC&lt;sup&gt;CD47+&lt;/sup&gt;-generated T cells displayed equivalent killing abilities and polyfunctionality when compared with aAPC-generated T cells. In addition, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies demonstrated an enhanced stimulatory capacity and tumor inhibition of aAPC&lt;sup&gt;CD47+&lt;/sup&gt; over normal aAPC in conjunction with diverging biodistribution in different organs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data for the first time show that aAPC functionalized with CD47 maintain their stimulatory capacity &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and demonstrate enhanced &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; efficiency. Thus, these next-generation aAPC&lt;sup&gt;CD47+&lt;/sup&gt; have a unique potential to enhance the application of the aAPC technology for future immunotherapy approaches. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(9); 2075–83. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
New multi-rod linear actuator for direct-drive, wide mechanical bandpass applications (2003)

In this paper, a new multi-rod linear actuator is presented. This actuator has been developed for high thrust density and wide mechanical bandpass applications. The multi-air-gap concept is first illustrated and explained. Its advantages are highlighted thanks to finite-element method optimizations. Next, the multi-rod prototype technology is discussed. Lastly, experimental measurements for prototype forces are provided.
A phase-field model for simulation of the laser cladding process using a discontinuous viscosity variable and its approximation by finite element method (2004)

The use of numerical simulation for predicting energy and mass transport in the laser cladding process provides a substantially improved understanding of the process, as well as the potential for significant efficiency during process development. This paper describes the development of a model, whose main features include a phase-field variable for the modeling of the powder layer and the surrounding atmosphere, and a discontinuous viscosity function for the representation of the solid/liquid interface.
Theory of Fruit Firmness Sorting by Impact Forces (1987)

ABSTRACT THE impact forces of fruit striking a rigid surface were considered as a means for nondestructive determination of firmness. Impact forces were simulated with a simple elasticity model. Shape characteristics were evaluated as firmness predictors for variations in elasticity, mass, radius of curvature, and contact speed. The time characteristic (peak force)/(time to peak force squared) was sensitive to elasticity and relatively insensitive to fruit size. Frequency characteristics in the range 250 to 340 Hz exhibited a threshold relationship with elasticity and moderate sensitivity to size. All characteristics were sensitive to the speed at contact. Performance of several filter circuits to sense the designated frequency components was simulated. A Chebyshev filter gave better response than a biquad filter.
Effects of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria on human dendritic cells (2009)

Oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria do not differ qualitatively in how they program DCs. DC-derived MCP-1 induced in response to oral commensal bacteria may play a role, at least in part, in the maintenance of oral tissue integrity by attracting monocytes.
Human Mesenchymal Stem‐Cell Behaviour On Direct Laser Micropatterned Electrospun Scaffolds with Hierarchical Structures (2012)

Direct laser machining and electrospinning are utilized to obtain a bi-layered hybrid scaffold with hierarchical topographical features to mimic extracellular matrix-like microenvironment of cells. Adult bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are cultured in vitro in these hybrid scaffolds, and cell orientation, proliferation, viability, and differentiation are evaluated. The results show that this novel hybrid scaffold not only supports cell growth like traditional scaffolds, but also elicits positive responses from the cells, like lineage commitment and alignment, which are essential features of future scaffolds.
AKT/mTOR signaling modulates resistance to endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition in metastatic breast cancers (2023)

Endocrine therapy (ET) in combination with CDK4/6 inhibition is routinely used as first-line treatment for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. However, 30-40% of patients quickly develop disease progression. In this open-label multicenter clinical trial, we utilized a hypothesis-driven protein/phosphoprotein-based approach to identify predictive markers of response to ET plus CDK4/6 inhibition in pre-treatment tissue biopsies. Pathway-centered signaling profiles were generated from microdissected tumor epithelia and surrounding stroma/immune cells using the reverse phase protein microarray. Phosphorylation levels of the CDK4/6 downstream substrates Rb (S780) and FoxM1 (T600) were higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) compared to responders (p = 0.02). Systemic PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in tumor epithelia and stroma/immune cells was detected in patients with PD. This activation was not explained by underpinning genomic alterations alone. As the number of FDA-approved targeted compounds increases, functional protein-based signaling analyses may become a critical component of response prediction and treatment selection for MBC patients.
Evaluation of torsional oscillations in paper machine sections (2004)

Torsional oscillations greatly affect performance and determine the bandwidth (BW) and damping of speed loops. Backlash due to gear reducers can also contribute to the triggering of oscillations, especially when the drive runs at very low load torque. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of these effects in typical electro-mechanical drive trains applied to paper machine sections. The cases evaluated consider torsional oscillations in two-mass and three-mass systems, and the effect of shaft diameter and length on the resonance frequencies of three typical paper machine sections. Time domain response plots are evaluated to show the effect of speed response overshoot, reducer backlash, and step or ramp speed commands. Based on these results, mechanical design guidelines are given for the most significant drive train components in order to minimize torsional oscillations of the speed controlled drive system.
Estimation of quantum mechanical and polysilicon depletion effects for ultrathin silicon dioxide gate dielectric (1999)

This paper presents a simple methodology to estimate the impact of inversion layer quantization and polysilicon-gate depletion effects on ultra-thin silicon-dioxide gate dielectric. We have used process and device simulation to determine the physical oxide thickness from the measured capacitance data, and the corresponding effective gate oxide thickness at inversion was computed from the simulation data obtained with an without the quantum mechanical and polysilicon depletion effects. The simulation result indicate that the effective gate oxide thickness is significantly higher than the physically grown oxide thickness due to inversion layer quantization and polysilicon depletion effects. The increase in oxide thickness is strongly dependent on the supply voltage and is more than 0.6 nm at 1 V. We have also measured the gate- leakage current for the same devices with gate oxide thickness less than 3 nm. Our data also show that in order to maintain a leakage current >= 1 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for 1 V operation, the effective gate oxide thickness must be >= 2.2 nm.
Multidetector CT of the Pancreas and Bile Duct System (2001)

Multidetector CT of the Pancreas and Bile Duct SystemValue of Curved Planar ReformationsMatilde Nino-Murcia1 2, R. Brooke Jeffrey, Jr.1, Christopher F. Beaulieu1, King C. P. Li1 and Geoff D. Rubin1Audio Available | Share
Prevalence of pulmonary vein disconnection after anatomical ablation for atrial fibrillation: consequences of wide atrial encircling of the pulmonary veins (2005)

Anatomically guided circumferential PV ablation results in apparently coalescent but electrically incomplete lesions with residual conduction in 45% of PVs. Wide encircling of the PVs was associated with left atrial macrore-entry in 20% of patients.
Effect of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites on Endothelial Permeability: Role of Nitric Oxide and Iron (1999)

Objective: We evaluated the effects of the xanthine oxidase (XO)-derived reactive oxygen metabolites on the permeability of bovine pulmonary arteryendothelial monolayers and examined how iron and nitric oxide (NO) participate in these changes in permeability. Methods: Permeability was measured using a cell-column chromatographic method in which monolayers were exposed to combinations of agents. Results: Exposure of monolayers to a superoxide/peroxide generator, xanthine (X, 0.1 mM)/XO (25 mU/mL), increased solute permeability after 10 minutes, but the same dose of either X or XO alone did not. Exposure of monolayers to peroxide (0.1 mM) also increased permeability, but only after 70 minutes. This X/XO permeability was attenuated by either catalase, superoxide dismutase, methionine (1 mM), an oxy-radical scavenger, or desferrioxamine (0.1 mM), an iron chelator. Spermine NONOate (SNO), an NO donor, attenuated X/XO permeability at 0.1 mM, but this protection was not significant at 0.01 or 1 mM. Spermine NONOate (0.1 mM) did not alter the permeability produced by 0.1 mM peroxide. L-N5-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine (10 µM), an NO synthase inhibitor, completely blocked peroxide-, and partially attenuated X/XO-mediated permeability. However, 3-morphosynodiomine (SIN-1, 1 mM) plus catalase (1,000 U/mL), a peroxynitrite generator, did not alter permeability. Conclusions: Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase permeability involves peroxide, superoxide, oxy-radicals, and iron. Endogenous NO may regulate peroxide-, but not superoxide-mediated permeability. The protective effects of exogenous NO on the X/XO permeability may represent interactions between superoxide, peroxide, and cell surface-bound iron.
Non‐existence of a positive correlation between urinary levels of α1 ‐microglobulin and ulinastatin in patients with Parkinson's disease (1996)

Abstract Urinary levels of a,‐microglobulin (αlM) and of ulinastatin (UT) and the αlM/UT ratio did not differ significantly between age‐matched controls and patients with Parkinson's disease, and among subdivided groups based on Yahr's stages in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, these indexes did not correlate with Yahr's stages. Although αlM and UT levels did not correlate in patients with Parkinson's disease, a positive correlation was observed in the control group. The non‐existence of a positive correlation between αlM and UT levels distinguishes Parkinson's disease from other neuropsychiatric diseases such as dementia (Alzheimer‐type and vascular dementia), schizophrenia and mood disorder.
Impaired Activity of the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System in Transgenic Mice Expressing ALS/Dementia-Linked Mutant UBQLN2 (P02.170) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To further explore the pathogenic mechanism of UBQLN2-mediated ALS and ALS/dementia and the effect of mutant UBQLN2 on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).
Overexpression of the αvβ6 integrin in cervical squamous cell carcinoma is a prognostic factor for decreased survival (2007)

Abstract Cervical squamous cell carcinomas are composed histologically of tumour cell islands surrounded by varying amounts of tumour stroma, the amount and composition of which are influenced by local TGF‐β 1 . TGF‐β 1 is secreted in an inactive complex with latency‐associated peptide (LAP). Both LAP and the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin are important ligands for the integrin receptor αvβ6. While αvβ6 is only weakly expressed by normal epithelia, it is up‐regulated in different carcinomas where it generally reflects a more aggressive phenotype. In cervical cancer, the expression of αvβ6 has not thus far been investigated. Given the ability of αvβ6 both to activate TGF‐β 1 and to interact with fibronectin, we studied correlations between the expression of these components and disease parameters in a large cohort of cervical cancer specimens. We analysed αvβ6 expression using immunohistochemistry in primary cervical squamous carcinomas of FIGO stage IA to IIB patients and correlated the findings with formerly investigated fibronectin and TGF‐β 1 expression and clinico‐pathological parameters. αvβ6 expression was also examined in cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and lymph node metastases. αvβ6 was only weakly expressed in normal epithelium but clearly up‐regulated in CIN lesions. In carcinomas, strong expression of αvβ6 in tumour cells correlated with different clinico‐pathological parameters and with worse overall and disease‐free survival. Furthermore, αvβ6 expression correlated positively with TGF‐β 1 mRNA expression as well as with fibronectin expression. Overexpression of αvβ6 in cervical squamous carcinomas is an unfavourable prognostic factor. This might reflect an increased capacity of αvβ6‐expressing tumour cells to migrate in a fibronectin‐rich ECM and/or to activate TGF‐β 1 at the tumour/stroma interface, both of which processes may contribute to cervical cancer progression. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Sub-Nyquist Radar: Principles and Prototypes (2019)

In the past few years, new approaches to radar signal processing have been introduced which allow the radar to perform signal detection and parameter estimation from much fewer measurements than that required by Nyquist sampling. These systems - referred to as sub-Nyquist radars - model the received signal as having finite rate of innovation and employ the Xampling framework to obtain low-rate samples of the signal. Sub-Nyquist radars exploit the fact that the target scene is sparse facilitating the use of compressed sensing (CS) methods in signal recovery. In this chapter, we review several pulse-Doppler radar systems based on these principles. Contrary to other CS-based designs, our formulations directly address the reduced-rate analog sampling in space and time, avoid a prohibitive dictionary size, and are robust to noise and clutter. We begin by introducing temporal sub-Nyquist processing for estimating the target locations using less bandwidth than conventional systems. This paves the way to cognitive radars which share their transmit spectrum with other communication services, thereby providing a robust solution for coexistence in spectrally crowded environments. Next, without impairing Doppler resolution, we reduce the dwell time by transmitting interleaved radar pulses in a scarce manner within a coherent processing interval or slow time. Then, we consider multiple-input-multiple-output array radars and demonstrate spatial sub-Nyquist processing which allows the use of few antenna elements without degradation in angular resolution. Finally, we demonstrate application of sub-Nyquist and cognitive radars to imaging systems such as synthetic aperture radar. For each setting, we present a state-of-the-art hardware prototype designed to demonstrate the real-time feasibility of sub-Nyquist radars.
Metal artifacts in computed tomography for radiation therapy planning: dosimetric effects and impact of metal artifact reduction (2017)

A significant and increasing number of patients receiving radiation therapy present with metal objects close to, or even within, the treatment area, resulting in artifacts in computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is the most commonly used imaging method for treatment planning in radiation therapy. In the presence of metal implants, such as dental fillings in treatment of head-and-neck tumors, spinal stabilization implants in spinal or paraspinal treatment or hip replacements in prostate cancer treatments, the extreme photon absorption by the metal object leads to prominent image artifacts. Although current CT scanners include a series of correction steps for beam hardening, scattered radiation and noisy measurements, when metal implants exist within or close to the treatment area, these corrections do not suffice. CT metal artifacts affect negatively the treatment planning of radiation therapy either by causing difficulties to delineate the target volume or by reducing the dose calculation accuracy. Various metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods have been explored in terms of improvement of organ delineation and dose calculation in radiation therapy treatment planning, depending on the type of radiation treatment and location of the metal implant and treatment site. Including a brief description of the available CT MAR methods that have been applied in radiation therapy, this article attempts to provide a comprehensive review on the dosimetric effect of the presence of CT metal artifacts in treatment planning, as reported in the literature, and the potential improvement suggested by different MAR approaches. The impact of artifacts on the treatment planning and delivery accuracy is discussed in the context of different modalities, such as photon external beam, brachytherapy and particle therapy, as well as by type and location of metal implants.