gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on the microscopical and macroscopical effects of hydrogenation on the performance of multicrystalline solar cells (2002)

The grains in the multicrystalline materials used nowadays are typically in the order of a mm or more. In the present study the improvement of different materials (Eurosolare material and EMC material from Sumitomo Sitix) is studied. The method of hydrogenation used consists of a hydrogenation in an RF-plasma. The treatment is from the front or back side of the substrate. The beneficial effect of hydrogenation is illustrated by I-V-measurements under AM1.5 illumination, dark I-V measurements and extraction of minority carrier lifetime by the microwave-detected photoconductive decay method. The measurement on the full solar cell reveals only macroscopic and hence lumped consequences of the hydrogenation. Additional insight was gained from measurements on small mesa-type diodes. In this way we can discriminate between diodes with a grain boundary running through the active device and devices fully contained within one grain. This allows one to split the effects of the hydrogenation on the grain boundaries and the intra-grain defects. Dark I-V-measurements and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) were used to characterize the diodes in the Eurosolare material. The DLTS-spectra revealed a broad band for the diodes with a grain boundary running through them. This peak completely disappeared on samples which received a direct H-plasma treatment from the front side.
Dispersion of nondegenerate nonlinear refraction in semiconductors (2016)

We use our recently developed beam-deflection technique to measure the dispersion of the nondegenerate nonlinear refraction (NLR) of direct-gap semiconductors. The magnitude and sign of the NLR coefficient n<sub>2</sub>(ωa; ωb) are determined over a broad spectral range for different values of nondegeneracy. In the extremely nondegenerate case, n<sub>2</sub>(ωa; ωb) is positively enhanced near the two-photon absorption (2PA) edge and is significantly larger than its degenerate counterpart, suggesting applications for nondegenerate all-optical switching. At higher photon energies within the 2PA regime, n<sub>2</sub>(ωa; ωb) switches sign to negative over a narrow wavelength range. This strong anomalous nonlinear dispersion provides large phase modulation of a femtosecond pulse with bandwidth centered near the zero-crossing frequency. The measured nondegenerate dispersion closely follows our earlier predictions based on nonlinear Kramers-Kronig relations [Sheik-Bahae et. al, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 30, 249 (1994)].
Eavesdropping at the speed of light: distributed acoustic sensing of baleen whales in the Arctic (2022)

In a post-industrial whaling world, flagship and charismatic baleen whale species are indicators of the health of our oceans. However, traditional monitoring methods provide spatially and temporally undersampled data to evaluate and mitigate the impacts of increasing climatic and anthropogenic pressures for conservation. Here we present the first case of wildlife monitoring using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). By repurposing the globally-available infrastructure of sub-sea telecommunication fiber optic (FO) cables, DAS can (1) record vocalizing baleen whales along a 120~km FO cable with a sensing point every 4~m, from a protected fjord area out to the open ocean; (2) estimate the 3D position of a vocalizing whale for animal density estimation; and (3) exploit whale non-stereotyped vocalizations to provide fully-passive conventional seismic records for subsurface exploration. This first example's success in the Arctic suggests DAS's potential for real-time and low-cost monitoring of whales worldwide with unprecedented coverage and spatial resolution.
Interconnect enhancements for a high-speed PLD architecture (2002)

As programmable logic grows more viable for implementing full design systems, performance has become a primary issue for programmable logic device architectures. This paper presents the high-level design of Dali, a PLD architecture specifically aimed at performance-driven applications. We will present significant portions of the background research that contributed to our architectural decisions, an overview of the core routing architecture and benchmarking experiments used to evaluate the prototype device.
Immunomodulation of Breast Cancer via Tumor Antigen Specific Th1 (2009)

It has long been assumed that the immune system plays a role in tumor eradication, however, scant clinical evidence exists to support that hypothesis. In recent years, as the immune system and its specific effector cells are better defined, convincing data supporting immune surveillance is emerging. Several studies have shown that an "immune signature" in the tumor microenvironment is associated with a superior outcome in a variety of cancer types. Moreover, studies have suggested that T cells found in high density within the tumor parenchyma are also correlated with a survival benefit. The type of adaptive immune response implicated in improved cancer outcomes is a type 1 response. That is, adaptive immunity associated with T cells that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, which can not only support a proliferative antigen specific T cell response but also enhance "cross priming" by activating antigen presenting cells local to the tumor site. There are many methods available that will allow the development of clinical reagents designed to stimulate Th1 immunity; either by in vitro or in vivo manipulation. Clinical trials of a variety of immunotherapeutic strategies indicate that the generation of tumor antigen specific Th1 may be beneficial in inhibiting the growth of common solid tumors.
Data from Inhibition of JNK Sensitizes Hypoxic Colon Cancer Cells to DNA-Damaging Agents (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; We showed previously that in HT29 colon cancer cells, modulation of hypoxia-induced stress signaling affects oxaliplatin cytotoxicity. To further study the significance of hypoxia-induced signaling through JNK, we set out to investigate how modulation of kinase activities influences cellular responses of hypoxic colon cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In a panel of cell lines, we investigated effects of pharmacologic and molecular inhibition of JNK on sensitivity to oxaliplatin, SN-38, and 5-FU. Combination studies for the drugs and JNK inhibitor CC-401 were carried out &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Hypoxia-induced JNK activation was associated with resistance to oxaliplatin. CC-401 in combination with chemotherapy demonstrates synergism in colon cancer cell lines, although synergy is not always hypoxia specific. A more detailed analysis focused on HT29 and SW620 (responsive), and HCT116 (nonresponsive) lines. In HT29 and SW620 cells, CC-401 treatment results in greater DNA damage in the sensitive cells. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, potentiation of bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and the combination by JNK inhibition was confirmed in HT29-derived mouse xenografts, in which tumor growth delay was greater in the presence of CC-401. Finally, stable introduction of a dominant negative JNK1, but not JNK2, construct into HT29 cells rendered them more sensitive to oxaliplatin under hypoxia, suggesting differing input of JNK isoforms in cellular responses to chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings demonstrate that signaling through JNK is a determinant of response to therapy in colon cancer models, and support the testing of JNK inhibition to sensitize colon tumors in the clinic. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4143–52. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
INVESTIGATION ON COLLAPSE MECHANISM OF SUPER-DEEP VERTICAL SHAFT (2006)

超大深度地下開発のアプローチとなる超大深度立坑は，その重要性を再認識されつつある．しかし，国内石炭産業の縮小に伴い，深度1,000m級の立坑はほぼ20年以上施工されていない．筆者らは超大深度立坑技術の継承と，定量的な立坑設計技術の確立を目的として，過去に施工された超大深度立坑の技術文献調査，およびかつて施工に従事された技術者からの聞き取り調査を実施し，立坑工事において発生する蓋然性の高い崩壊形態を調査した．その結果，立坑における崩壊のほとんどは高抜けと異常地圧による覆工破損の二つに分類されることが明らかとなった．さらに，その発生状況を検証したところ，この二つの現象は同じ原因により発生するものと判断された．
Clinical implications of next‐generation sequencing‐based panel tests for malignant ovarian tumors (2020)

Precision medicine based on cancer genomics is being applied in clinical practice. However, patients do not always derive benefits from genomic testing. Here, we performed targeted amplicon exome sequencing-based panel tests, including 160 cancer-related genes (PleSSision-160), on 88 malignant ovarian tumors (high-grade serous carcinoma, 27; endometrioid carcinoma, 15; clear cell carcinoma, 30; mucinous carcinoma, 6; undifferentiated carcinoma, 4; and others, 6 (immature teratoma, 1; carcinosarcoma, 3; squamous cell carcinoma, 1; and mixed, 1)), to assess treatment strategies and useful biomarkers for malignant ovarian tumors. Overall, actionable gene variants were found in 90.9%, and druggable gene variants were found in 40.9% of the cases. Actionable BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants were found in 4.5% of each of the cases. ERBB2 amplification was found in 33.3% of mucinous carcinoma cases. Druggable hypermutation/ultramutation (tumor mutation burden ≥ 10 SNVs/Mbp) was found in 7.4% of high-grade serous carcinoma, 46.7% of endometrioid carcinoma, 10% of clear cell carcinoma, 0% of mucinous carcinoma, 25% of undifferentiated carcinoma, and 33.3% of the other cancer cases. Copy number alterations were significantly higher in high-grade serous carcinoma (P < .005) than in other histologic subtypes; some clear cell carcinoma showed high copy number alterations that were correlated with advanced stage (P < .05) and worse survival (P < .01). A high count of copy number alteration was associated with worse survival in all malignant ovarian tumors (P < .05). Our study shows that targeted agents can be detected in approximately 40% of malignant ovarian tumors via multigene panel testing, and copy number alteration count can be a useful marker to help assess risks in malignant ovarian tumor patients.
Membrane Sampling Separates Naphthenic Acids from Biogenic Dissolved Organic Matter for Direct Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (2022)

Oil sands process waters can release toxic naphthenic acids (NAs) into aquatic environments. Analytical techniques for NAs are challenged by sample complexity and interference from naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM). Herein, we report the use of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer membrane for the on-line separation of NAs from DOM and use direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to yield meaningful qualitative and quantitative information with minimal sample cleanup. We compare the composition of membrane-permeable species from natural waters fortified with a commercial NA mixture to those derived from weak anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results show that SPE retains a wide range of carboxylic acids, including biogenic DOM, while permeation through PDMS was selective for petrogenic classically defined NAs (C<i><sub>n</sub></i>H<sub>2<i>n</i>+<i>z</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub>). A series of model compounds (log <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub> ∼1-7) were used to characterize the perm-selectivity and reveal the separation is based on hydrophobicity. This convenient sample cleanup method is selective for the O<sub>2</sub> class of NAs and can be used prior to conventional analysis or as an on-line analytical strategy when coupled directly to mass spectrometry.
Simultaneous All Port Operation of 4-Array SOA Module with Wavelength-Insensitive Parallel Optical Coupling Scheme (2012)

We have realized a wavelength-insensitive parallel optical lens coupling scheme simultaneous driving of all 4 SOAs up to 300 mA in a 4-array integrated SOA module. We improved loss variance over the wide wavelength range and thermal degradation in a module gain.
Characterization Technique for Advanced Materials for Lithium Batteries in an SEM (2020)

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful instrument to provide nanoscale surface detail and chemical information on a wide range of materials The development of a new generation of lithium batteries needs advanced material like ceramic electrolytes, sulfite electrolytes, polymers, transition metal oxide, and lithium metal. These materials present various challenges for high quality results in an SEM: poor electronic and thermic conductivity, element migration [3] and phase change under an electron beam, high sensitivity to humidity or oxygen.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin governs alcohol-related liver disease in mice and humans (2020)

Cirrhotic ALD patients with AAT concentrations less than 120 mg/dL displayed an increased risk for death/liver transplantation. Both <i>hAAT-Tg</i> mice and AAT-treated wt animals showed protection from ethanol-induced liver injury. AAT could reflect a treatment option for human ALD, especially for alcoholic hepatitis.
Inhibition of leukemia growth by a recombinant gelonin conjugate of anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody (2007)

4114 The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is overexpressed in blasts of the majority of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and B-lymphoid leukemia patients. Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the juxtamembrane region and point mutations in the kinase domain of FLT3 are found in ~37% of AML patients and are associated with a poor prognosis. We have recently developed a fully human monoclonal antibody (IMC-EB10) which binds with high affinity to FLT3 receptor on human leukemia cells. In the present study, a recombinant gelonin conjugate of the anti-FLT3 antibody was prepared that allows for the release of the gelonin toxin inside the antigen-positive cells. The EB10-Gelonin conjugates were stable in buffers. The conjugate retained the binding and internalizing capabilities of the antibody. EB10-Gelonin selectively killed FLT3-expressing leukemia cells with an IC50 of 0.1 nM and 0.4 nM for SEM-K2 and HL60 cells (both positive for FLT3) and 500 nM for JM1 (negative for FLT3). A gelonin conjugate with a control anti-VE-cadhelin antibody was not active in these cell lines (IC50s ~600 nM for SEM-K2 and 1000 nM for MOLM-14 cells). Prelinimary data show that reatment with the EB10-Gelonin conjugate (4 mg/kg, once weekly x 2) significantly inhibited leukemia growth and increased mouse survival in a SEM-K2 xenograft leukemia model in NOD-SCID mice.
The Medicinal Chemistry of Chalcones as Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Agents (2022)

Tuberculosis (TB), a highly fatal infectious disease, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that has inflicted mankind for several centuries. In 2019, the staggering number of new cases reached 10 million resulting in 1.2 million deaths. The emergence of multidrug-resistance- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a global concern that requires the search for novel, effective, and safer short-term therapies. Nowadays, among the few alternatives available to treat resistant-Mtb strains, the majority have limitations, which include drug-drug interactions, long-term treatment, and chronic induced toxicities. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop new anti-Mtb agents to achieve health policy goals to mitigate the disease by 2035. Among the several bioactive anti-Mtb compounds, chalcones have been described as the privileged scaffold useful for drug design. Overall, this review explores and analyzes 37 chalcones that exhibited anti-Mtb activity described in the literature up to April 2021 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC<sub>90</sub>) values inferior to 20 μM and selective index superior to 10. In addition, the correlation of some properties for most active compounds was evaluated, and the main targets for these compounds were discussed.
Metamorphosis of the Mixed Phase PtRu Anode Catalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells After Exposure of Methanol:In-situ and Ex-situ Characterizations (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Carbon Dioxide–Enhanced CT-Guided Placement of Aortic Stent-Grafts: Feasibility in an Animal Model (2010)

CO(2)-enhanced CT fluoroscopy permits the precise placement of infrarenal aortic stent-grafts in an animal model.
Implementation and performance of position sensorless PMSM control in industrial drives (2014)

In recent years there has been increasing acceptance of position sensorless control in industrial products. This paper discusses the implementation and performance of a position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control over the full speed range in a PMSM drive. Experimental results with a commercial drive which utilizes a sensorless scheme are presented in the paper.
Principles of wound healing (2011)

Acute wounds normally heal in an orderly and efficient manner, and progress smoothly through the four distinct, but overlapping phases of wound healing: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling (Figure 23.1). In contrast, chronic wounds will similarly begin the healing process, but will have prolonged inflammatory, proliferative, or remodelling phases, resulting in tissue fibrosis and in non-healing ulcers. The process of wound healing is complex and involves a variety of specialized cells, such as platelets, macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells. These cells interact with each other and with the extracellular matrix. In addition to the various cellular interactions, healing is also influenced by the action of proteins and glycoproteins, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, inhibitors, and their receptors. Each stage of wound healing has certain milestones that must occur in order for normal healing to progress. In order to identify the differences inherent in chronic wounds that prevent healing, it is important to review the process of healing in normal wounds
112.1: Invited Paper : Electrofluidic Imaging Films for Brighter, Faster, and Lower‐Cost e‐Paper (2013)

Abstract We report advances in bistable ‘electrofluidic imaging film’ for e‐Paper, an approach which transposes colored ink in 10's of ms to the front of, or behind, a porous white film. The electrofluidic imaging film requires no pixel borders or ink‐microencapsulation, allowing &gt;90% reflective area. We have demonstrated that this reflective area, coupled with a proprietary engineered reflector, results in RGBW operation that provides SNAP (newsprint) quality color. Furthermore, this new approach is also the first electrowetting‐style front‐plane technology that can be integrated with simple non‐aligned lamination. We have also demonstrated microreplication and other low‐cost methods to fabricate the imaging film, and have begun creating sealed matrix‐addressed modules using LCD‐compatible processes.
Improving the quality of care of patients with asthma: the example of patients with severely symptomatic disease (2001)

The increasing economic burden of asthma care is incurred partly by patients with more severe symptoms. However, little is known about the characteristics of these severe asthma patients. This study examined sociodemographic, disease-specific characteristics and health care utilization that are related to asthma disease severity, for the purpose of identifying areas for treatment improvement. A total of 2927 asthma patients (12 years or older), who were continuously enrolled in one of three participating health plans for a 6-month study period and who responded to an asthma survey, were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the sociodemographic, disease-specific characteristics and health care utilization by asthma severity. About 25% of the patients reported experiencing severe asthma symptoms. They were more likely to be African-Americans, Hispanics, women, patients with less than a college education, residents in the south-west, current smokers, and those receiving care from non-specialists. Severe asthmatics reported having less of an understanding of the clinical manifestation of asthma and the means to manage asthma exacerbation. Outpatient contacts did not differ significantly between severe and other patients, although their utilization of emergency room and inpatient care was significantly greater. This study suggests that a significant proportion of asthma patients is experiencing severe symptoms and barriers other than access to care prevent appropriate control of asthma. Poor control appears to be related to smoking, deficits in knowledge about self-care, not receiving medical care from a specialist, and inadequate use of medications.
Implementation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity rules for a large-scale biologically realistic model of the hippocampus (2012)

A large-scale computational model of the hippocampus should consider plasticity at different time scales in order to capture the non-stationary information processing behavior of the hippocampus more accurately. This paper presents a computational model that describes hippocampal long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) and short-term plasticity implemented in the NEURON simulation environment. The LTP/LTD component is based on spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). The short-term plasticity component modifies a previously defined deterministic model at a population synapse level to a probabilistic model that can be implemented at a single synapse level. The plasticity mechanisms are validated and incorporated into a large-scale model of the entorhinal cortex projection to the dentate gyrus. Computational expense of the added plasticity was also evaluated and shown to increase simulation time by less than a factor of two. This model can be easily included in future large-scale hippocampal simulations to investigate the effects of LTP/LTD and short-term plasticity in conjunction with other biological considerations on system function.
Microelectrochemical Investigation of Hydrogen Absorption and Dissolution Behavior of MnS Inclusions in Carbon Steel (2011)

Microelectrochemical polarization and silver decoration techniques were performed on the small area with and without MnS inclusions. MnS inclusions were found to be partially dissolved in the potential range from 0.15 to -0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3.33 M KCl) in a boric-borate buffer (pH 8.45) with 10 mM NaCl, whereas the entire surface of the inclusions was dissolved below and above this potential range. Silver deposition occurred only on and around MnS inclusions below -0.2 V, which generally corresponded to the stable region of hydrogen sulfide ions. When MnS inclusions partially dissolved, silver deposition occurred only in the dissolved area. The dissolution species from MnS inclusions seems to promote hydrogen absorption reaction.
KINETIC SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF STREPTOMYCIN SULFATE (2014)

Kinetic method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of streptomycin. The method is based on the oxidation of the drug with the mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate to form a yellow colored product. Two methods are adopted for the determination process, the initial rate method and fixed time, absorbance difference method. Both the method followed Beer's law in the range of 4 g ml -1 -72 g ml -1 . The linear regression equation of initial rate and fixed time (absorbance difference) method was evaluated to be Rate () = -1.026 10 -6 + 5.93 10 -4 C and A = -1.6310 -3 + 8.010 -3 C. The limit of detection of initial rate method and fixed time method was obtained to be 0.011 and 0.50, respectively while limit of quantitation upon calculation came out to be 0.032 and 1.5 for initial rate and fixed time absorbance difference methods, respectively. Another important study in the proposed method is the activation parameter study which was done at four different temperatures i.e 298 K, 303 K, 308 K and 313 K. Using the elevated temperature various activation parameters such as change in enthalpy ( H), change in entropy ( S) and Gibbs free energy ( G) was calculated and obtained to be -34.41 kJ mol -1 , -143.16 and -77.059 10 3 kJ, respectively. Probable mechanism of the reaction has been mentioned in the text.