gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging axon regeneration within synthetic nerve conduits (2019)

While axons within the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate following injury, those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do, although not in a clinically satisfactory manner as only a small proportion of axons exhibit long-distance regeneration. Moreover, functional recovery is hampered by excessive axonal sprouting and aberrant reinnervation of target tissue. In order to investigate the mechanisms governing the regrowth of axons following injury, previous studies have used lesion paradigms of peripheral nerves in rat or mouse models, and reagents or cells have been administered to the lesion site through nerve conduits, aiming to improve early-stage regeneration. Morphological analysis of such in vivo experiments has however been limited by the incompatibility of synthetic nerve conduits with existing tissue-clearing and imaging techniques. We present herein a novel experimental approach that allows high-resolution imaging of individual axons within nerve conduits, together with quantitative assessment of fiber growth. We used a GFP-expressing mouse strain in a lesion model of the sciatic nerve to describe a strategy that combines nerve clearing, chemical treatment of chitosan nerve conduits, and long working distance confocal microscopy with image processing and analysis. This novel experimental setup provides a means of documenting axon growth within the actual conduit during the critical initial stage of regeneration. This will greatly facilitate the development and evaluation of treatment regimens to improve axonal regeneration following nerve damage.
Cationic surface polymerization of 1,3-divinylimidazolid-2-one for immobilization on silica gel particles (1999)

The cationic polymerization of the bifunctional monomer 1,3-divinylimidazolid-2-one (BVH) is initiated by triphenylmethylium/silica hybrid particles in toluene or 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) as solvents. Novel poly-BVH/silica hybrid particles are obtained by this procedure. The degree of surface functionalization can be controlled by the BVH concentration and the solvent used. The cationic polymerization of BVH on the surface of silica particles is strongly determined by proton transfer reactions to the monomer. Therefore, the BVH polymer network on the silica particle contains methyl groups and double bonds among the urea units.
Document Image Restore via SPADE-based Super-Resolution Network (2023)

With the development of deep learning technology, various structures and research methods for super-resolution restoration of natural images and document images have been introduced. In particular, a number of recent studies have been conducted and developed in image restoration using generative adversarial network. Super-resolution restoration is ill-posed problem because of some complex restraints such as a lot of high-resolution images being restored for the same low-resolution image and also difficulty in restoring noises like edges, light smudging, and blurring. In this study, we utilized the spatially adaptive de-normalization (SPADE) structure for document image restoration to solve previous problems such as edge unclearness, hardness to catch features of texts, and the image color transition. Consequently, it can be confirmed that the edge of the character and the ambiguous stroke are restored more clearly when contrasting with the other previously suggested methods. Also, the proposed method’s PSNR and SSIM scores are geting 8% and 15% higher, respectively, compared to the previous methods.
Up‐regulation of Bax Protein in Degenerating Retinal Ganglion Cells Precedes Apoptotic Cell Death after Optic Nerve Lesion in the Rat (1997)

Retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells as a consequence of optic nerve lesion has been shown to fulfil the criteria of apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the time course of ganglion cell apoptosis following intraorbital crushing of the optic nerve in adult rats using morphological criteria and applying a terminal transferase technique (TUNEL) for in situ detection of DNA strand breaks. In addition, we examined expression patterns of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X and the cell death-promoting protein Bax in retinae after crushing the optic nerve. Apoptotic nuclei were detected in the ganglion cell layer in the first 3 weeks after optic nerve crush, with a peak after 6 days. Bcl-2 and Bcl-X proteins were expressed in ganglion cells at low levels. Expression of Bcl-2 decreased further during the days following crush. Bcl-X expression was initially increased, followed by a decline over the following days. In contrast, Bax protein, which was expressed in most ganglion cells at moderate baseline levels, was sharply increased as early as 30 min after crush, reached peak levels after 3 days, and remained up-regulated for at least 1 week thereafter. Double labelling for Bax and TUNEL in retinal sections, however, did not reveal colocalization of the two signals in individual retinal ganglion cells, consistent with the idea that increases in Bax precede apoptosis after optic nerve lesion. Thus, retinal ganglion cell death might be prevented by ablation of Bax protein in these cells, or by up-regulation of Bax-antagonists such as Bcl-2 or Bcl-X.
Methods and apparatus for multi-resolution replication of files in a parallel computing system using semantic information (2023)

Techniques are provided for storing files in a parallel computing system using different resolutions. A method is provided for storing at least one file generated by a distributed application in a parallel computing system. The file comprises one or more of a complete file and a sub-file. The method comprises the steps of obtaining semantic information related to the file; generating a plurality of replicas of the file with different resolutions based on the semantic information; and storing the file and the plurality of replicas of the file in one or more storage nodes of the parallel computing system. The different resolutions comprise, for example, a variable number of bits and/or a different sub-set of data elements from the file. A plurality of the sub-files can be merged to reproduce the file.
Evaluation of High Frequency Vibration of a Coupling Structure by Statistical Modal Analysis (2005)

This paper presents an evaluation method of coupling structures for high frequency vibration by Statistical Modal Analysis. For low frequency domains where the modal analysis is effective, Substructure Synthesis Method (SSM) has been studied as a modeling technique for coupling structures. However, with modal analysis based on finite element models, it becomes difficult to maintain the accuracy with increased frequency. Additionally, Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) has not been established yet as a method of high precision for the prediction of noise and vibration because of the assumptions and approximations. From this point of view, a statistical method using modal analysis (called Statistical Modal Analysis; SMA) was proposed. However, the SMA only applies to a flat plate and a L-form structure. In this paper, the SMA is applied to a coupling structure that is part of the Gas Heat Pump Outdoor Unit. As a result, it is shown that the SMA is applicable and effective to analyze the complex and coupling structure vibration.
Cloning, functional expression, and mRNA tissue distribution of the rat 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor gene. (1990)

G protein-coupled receptors comprise a family of genes that share significant sequence similarity. We have screened a rat genomic library under low stringency hybridization conditions with the coding portion of the hamster beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene to isolate new members of this gene family. We show that one of these clones, clone D, codes for a 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) binding site since: 1) it possesses an intronless open reading frame encoding a protein with seven putative transmembrane domains and 89% amino acid identity with the human 5-HT1A receptor (G21); 2) when transfected into Ltk- cells, it expresses a ligand-binding site with the pharmacology of the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, including 5-HT- and spiroxatrine-displaceable binding of 8-hydroxy-(2-(N,N-di[2,3-3H]propylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (KH = 0.8 nM). We further show that clone D encodes a functional receptor because its binding site interacts with G proteins and because it mediates agonist-induced inhibition of basal and stimulated cAMP accumulation in transfected GH4C1 pituitary cells. Finally, we have analyzed the tissue distribution of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in rat brain and have found that 5-HT1A mRNA is present with the expected distribution of the 5-HT1A receptor (highest in septum and hippocampus) but is present as three RNA species (3.9, 3.6, and 3.3 kilobases). These studies represent the first characterization of receptor function and brain distribution of the cloned rat 5-HT1A receptor.
Cephalosporins with the (E)‐Thiovinyl Linker with Pyrimidine at C‐3 Position Exhibiting Potent Activities Against Gram‐Positive Strains. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effects of magnetic doping and temperature dependence of phonon dynamics inCaFe1−xCoxAsFcompounds (x=0, 0.06, and 0.12) (2009)

We report detailed measurements of composition as well as temperature dependence of the phonon density of states in a new series of FeAs compounds with composition ${\text{CaFe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x}\text{AsF}$ $(x=0,0.06,0.12)$. The electronic-structure calculations for these compounds show that bands near the Fermi level are mainly formed by $\text{Fe}\text{ }3d$ states, which is quite different from other 122 and 1111 FeAs compounds where both Fe and As are believed to be related to superconductivity. The difference in electronic structure for fluorine-based compounds may cause phonon spectra to behave differently as a function of composition and temperature in comparison with our previous phonon studies on parent and superconducting $M{\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ $(M=\text{Ba},\text{Ca},\text{Sr})$. The composition as well as temperature dependence of phonon spectra for ${\text{CaFe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x}\text{AsF}$ $(x=0,0.06,0.12)$ compounds have been measured using time-of-flight IN4C and IN6 spectrometers at Institut Laue Langevin, France. The comparison of phonon spectra at 300 K in these compounds shows that acoustic phonon modes up to 12 meV harden in the doped compounds in comparison to the parent CaFeAsF. While intermediate-energy phonon modes from 15 to 25 meV are also found to shift toward high energies only in the 12% Co-doped CaFeAsF compound. The experimental results for ${\text{CaFe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x}\text{AsF}$ $(x=0,0.06,0.12)$ are quite different from our previous phonon studies on parent and superconducting $M{\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ $(M=\text{Ba},\text{Ca},\text{Sr})$ where low-energy acoustic phonon modes do not react with doping, while the phonon spectra in the intermediate range from 15 to 25 meV are found to soften in these compounds. We argue that stronger spin phonon interaction play an important role in the emergence of superconductivity in these compounds. The lattice dynamics of ${\text{CaFe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x}\text{AsF}$ $(x=0,0.06,0.12)$ compounds is also investigated using the ab initio as well as shell-model phonon calculations. We show that the nature of the interaction between the Ca and the Fe-As layers in CaFeAsF compounds is quite different compared to our previous studies on ${\text{CaFe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$.
The TV in Your Pocket: Development of Liquid‐Crystal Materials for the New Millennium (2013)

New liquid crystals with very low viscosity, good mesophase behavior, and high reliability are necessary to achieve the breakthrough from flat computer monitors to large displays for television. Fluorine plays a decisive role not only because of the polarity it induces in organic molecules but also because of its low polarizability and weak propensity for ion solvation. In addition, subtle stereoelectronic effects in fluorine-containing liquid crystals influence material properties and allow these to be tuned to some extent to achieve the desired outcome. Some fairly sophisticated chemistry is required that is normally ruled out in the specialty chemicals industry because of cost. The television display market is now entering a phase of saturation. The broad availability of the internet has led to an ever increasing tendency for mobile products. Tablet PCs and smartphones require touch-panel functionality and low power consumption. New LCD modes with high-performance liquid crystals and additional components, such as polymerizable materials, can be used in such products.
Cardiac imaging at 7 tesla: Single‐ and two‐spoke radiofrequency pulse design with 16‐channel parallel excitation (2013)

Two-spoke pTX excitation has been successfully demonstrated in the human heart at 7T, with improved image quality and reduced RF pulse energy when compared with B1 (+) shimming.
Practical Dynamic SC-Flip Polar Decoders: Algorithm and Implementation (2020)

SC-Flip (SCF) is a low-complexity polar code decoding algorithm with improved performance, and is an alternative to high-complexity (CRC)-aided SC-List (CA-SCL) decoding. However, the performance improvement of SCF is limited since it can correct up to only one channel error (ω = 1). Dynamic SCF (DSCF) algorithm tackles this problem by tackling multiple errors (ω ≥ 1), but it requires logarithmic and exponential computations, which make it infeasible for practical applications. In this work, we propose simplifications and approximations to make DSCF practically feasible. First, we reduce the transcendental computations of DSCF decoding to a constant approximation. Then, we show how to incorporate special node decoding techniques into DSCF algorithm, creating the Fast-DSCF decoding. Next, we reduce the search span within the special nodes to further reduce the computational complexity. Following, we describe a hardware architecture for the Fast-DSCF decoder, in which we introduce additional simplifications such as metric normalization and sorter length reduction. All the simplifications and approximations are shown to have minimal impact on the error-correction performance, and the reported Fast-DSCF decoder is the only SCF-based architecture that can correct multiple errors. The Fast-DSCF decoders synthesized using TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology can achieve a 1.25, 1.06 and 0.93 Gbps throughput for ω ∈ {1, 2, 3}, respectively. Compared to the state-of-the-art fast CA-SCL decoders with equivalent FER performance, the proposed decoders are up to 5.8× more area-efficient. Finally, observations at energy dissipation indicate that the Fast-DSCF is more energy-efficient than its CA-SCL-based counterparts.
The leukocyte β1 integrins (1995)

We summarize publications appearing in the past year on the blood cell beta 1 integrins VLA-1 through -6, including characterization of their ligand interactions, activation epitopes, signaling mechanisms, cellular distribution, and in vivo relevance. These studies extend our understanding of the beta 1 integrins, and continue to underscore their importance in leukocyte biology, which derives from their central role in mechanisms of cellular adhesion, growth, and differentiation.
Waveguide to microstrip transition at 235 GHz (2010)

In his paper a transition from a WR-3 rectangular waveguide to an 85 ¿m wide microstrip line is presented. The transition is a low-cost transition fabricated in a standard lithography process on 5mil thick Rogers RO3003 material. Measurement results will be given and problems, especially those caused by fabrication tolerances with respect to the wavelength, will be discussed.
Shallow Water Flow Prediction From Seismic Analysis of Multicomponent Seismic Data (2000)

Introduction Shallow Water Flows (SWF) are recognized as one of the primary hazards todeepwater drilling operations in the Gulf of Mexico. These hazards have costthe oil industry an estimated $200MM in the last few years. Future occurrenceshave the potential to result in well failures and significant discharges ofsubsurface fluids into the ocean. At present, most operators choose to drillthrough these hazards with a modest investment in identification beforedrilling, and mitigate the hazard at significant expense if one is encountered. The occurrence of SWF has been identified as one of the top five challengesbeing faced in deepwater exploration and production. According to a report from Fugro Geoservices, Inc. approximately 70% of all deepwater wells haveexperienced SWF. A method for pre-drill delineation of sands that are close to failure, andthus likely to exhibit shallow water flows, would be most advantageous inselecting optimal drilling locations and in developing cost-effective wellplans. The current method of identifying SWF involves pre-drill hazard studiesutilizing conventional and high-resolution seismic data to identify the zonesthat might produce SWF. The high incidence of SWF mitigation events indeepwater wells shows that the existing techniques do not provide the neededresolution or accuracy to prevent SWF. At present, no robust seismic method for accurately identifying andcharacterizing these hazards exists. Operators do not have the option to avoidthe hazard instead of mitigating the problem after it has started. A newseismic analysis method is required that will permit operators to avoid thehazard and decrease the risk of well failures before the well is drilled. An accurate understanding of the physical properties and deformationalbehavior of shallow water flow (SWF) sands is essential to thecharacterization, prediction and interpretation of these stratigraphic unitsusing seismic data. To date, there have been very few core and log formationevaluation measurements taken in these shallow intervals because they are notof economic interest. The purpose of this paper is to address what is currentlyknown about the physical properties and rock mechanics of these veryunconsolidated formations, and to demonstrate how these properties can be usedto identify and characterize SWF intervals pre-drill.
Absorption of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Rats Using a Mucoadhesive Buccal Patch (1997)

AbstractMucoadhesive buccal patches were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using rats for release of thyrotropin-releasing homne (TRH). TRH (10% w/w) was incorporated into mucoadhesive buccal patches that were custom coformulated with silicone and organic polymers (Dow Coming, Midland, MI) and its release profile was characterized in vitro using a modified Franz diffusion cell. TRH released into pH = 7.0 phosphate buffered saline at 37°C under sink conditions was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Release of TRH in vitro from the buccal patches was rapid during the first 2 hr, with 51% of the total amount of TRH incolporated into the patches released after 24 hr. HPLC analysis indicated that TRH extracted from buccal patches thermally stressed at 40°, 55°, and 70°C showed negligible degradation after 6 months. In contrast, an aqueous TRH solution stored at 70°C showed degradation of TRH as soon as 10 days following incubation at this temperature. TRH patches placed on the buccal mucosa of anesthetized rats demonstrated rapid stimulation and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary. Thirty minutes after patch application, plasma concentrations of TSH fluctuated but remained approximately 4–to 7-fold greater than baseline (prior to patch application) TSH concentrations. Therefore, this preliminary study has demonstrated that physiologically active TRH was released from the TRH mucoadhesive buccal patches and systemically absorbed. Thus, the TRH mucoadhesive buccal patches may represent a convenient delivery system for therapeutic peptides.
Analysis of H-2 gene regulation of the response of T lymphocytes to insulin using synthetic antigenic determinants and anti-idiotypes (1981)

Analysis of H-2 gene regulation of the response of T lymphocytes to insulin using synthetic antigenic determinants and anti-idiotypes was published in Basic and clinical aspects of immunity to insulin on page 59.
The Isometric Self-Organizing Map for 3D Hand Pose Estimation. (2006)

We propose an isometric self-organizing map (ISO-SOM) method for nonlinear dimensionality reduction, which integrates a self-organizing map model and an ISOMAP dimension reduction algorithm, organizing the high dimension data in a low dimension lattice structure. We apply the proposed method to the problem of appearance-based 3D hand posture estimation. As a learning stage, we use a realistic 3D hand model to generate data encoding the mapping between the hand pose space and the image feature space. The intrinsic dimension of such nonlinear mapping is learned by ISOSOM, which clusters the data into a lattice map. We perform 3D hand posture estimation on this map, showing that the ISOSOM algorithm performs better than traditional image retrieval algorithms for pose estimation. We also show that a 2.5D feature representation based on depth edges is clearly superior to intensity edge features commonly used in previous methods.
Isolation of Antiosteoporotic Compounds from Seeds of Sophora japonica (2014)

Chemical investigation of Sophora japonica seeds resulted in the isolation of seven metabolites identified as: genistin (1), sophoricoside (2), sophorabioside (3), sophoraflavonoloside (4), genistein 7,4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyransoide (5), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 6)β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and rutin (7). Compounds 1, 2 and 5 showed significant estrogenic proliferative effect in MCF-7 cell in sub-cytotoxic concentration range. Compounds 1 and 2 showed minimal cell membrane damaging effect using LDH leakage assay. Accordingly, compound 2 (sophoricoside, (SPH)) was selected for further in-vivo studies as a potential anti-osteoporosis agent. The anti-osteoporotic effect of SPH was assessed in ovarectomized (OVX) rats after oral administration (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) for 45 days compared to estradiol (10 µg/kg) as a positive control. Only in a dose of 30 mg/kg, SPH regained the original mechanical bone hardness compared to normal non-osteoporotic group. However, SPH (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to normal level. Treatment with SPH (30 mg/kg) increased the level of ALP to be higher than normal group. SPH (15 mg/kg) did not significantly increase the serum level of osteocalcin (OC) compared to OVX group. On the other hand, treatment with SPH (30 mg/kg) significantly increased the level of OC to 78% higher than normal non-ovarectomized animals group. In addition, SPH (15 mg/kg) decreased the bone resorption marker, acid phosphatase (ACP) to normal level and SPH (30 mg/kg) further diminished the level of serum ACP. Histopathologically, sophoricoside ameliorated the ovarectomy induced osteoporosis in a dose dependent manner. The drug showed thicker bony trabeculae, more osteoid, and more osteoblastic rimming compared to OVX group.
Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3Thin Film Fabricated on Heterogeneous Under-Layer of Pt and SiO2in High Density Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FeRAM) Capacitor (2003)

We investigated a Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) thin film applied in ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) capacitor where under-layered structure was made up of patterned Pt/IrO2/Ir electrodes separated by inter-electrode dielectric (IED) SiO2. This capacitor structure is one of the promising candidates for realizing high density FeRAMs. The PZT film grown on IED-SiO2 appeared to have Pb-deficient pyrochlore phase due to significant Pb-diffusion into IED-SiO2, which would make a detrimental effect on PZT film in the capacitor region where the PZT film was grown on isolated Pt electrode, even though growth condition for perovskite PZT film with strong (111) preferred orientation was made when the film was deposited on continuous Pt electrode.