gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive assessment of patient-specific aortic haemodynamics from four-dimensional flow MRI data (2017)

We introduce a parameter estimation framework for automatically and robustly personalizing aortic haemodynamic computations from four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging data. The framework is based on a reduced-order multiscale fluid-structure interaction blood flow model, and on two calibration procedures. First, Windkessel parameters of the outlet boundary conditions are personalized by solving a system of nonlinear equations. Second, the regional mechanical wall properties of the aorta are personalized by employing a nonlinear least-squares minimization method. The two calibration procedures are run sequentially and iteratively until both procedures have converged. The parameter estimation framework was successfully evaluated on 15 datasets from patients with aortic valve disease. On average, only 1.27 ± 0.96 and 7.07 ± 1.44 iterations were required to personalize the outlet boundary conditions and the regional mechanical wall properties, respectively. Overall, the computational model was in close agreement with the clinical measurements used as objectives (pressures, flow rates, cross-sectional areas), with a maximum error of less than 1%. Given its level of automation, robustness and the short execution time (6.2 ± 1.2 min on a standard hardware configuration), the framework is potentially well suited for a clinical setting.
A High-speed Vertical Transition for Multi-layer A1N Carrier Boards Designed by Time-domain Reflectometry (2019)

High density, high speed photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have large numbers of closely spaced DC and RF contacts, which must be connected in the package. The use of multilayer carrier boards to interface between the contacts and the package gives high performance and high density. In order to be effective as a packaging solution, these multi-layer carrier boards need high-speed electrical channels with good performance. Also, the boards usually need high thermal conductivity to manage the heat. Co-fired aluminium nitride (A1N) has the needed high thermal conductivity. However, there are no designs of multi-layer high-speed channels in the literature for co-fired A1N. Therefore, this article presents a high-speed multi-layer channel for co-fired A1N and its measured results. Two transmission lines were designed that showed a measured loss of ≈ 0.09dBmm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at 40GHz. The vertical transition allows for arbitrary planar rotations of the channel and showed a measured 3 dB bandwidth of 33 GHz and small penalties in the eye diagram with a 44 Gbits <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> signal. The channels showed crosstalk below -30 dB.
Crack‐Tip Transformation Zones in Toughened Zirconia (1990)

Transformation zones surrounding cracks in several toughened magnesia‐partially‐stabilized zirconia ceramics are characterized by optical interference measurements of surface uplift and by Raman microprobe spectroscopy. The measurements demonstrate that the volume fraction of transformation is nonuniform within the zone and that the extent of the frontal zone is approximately the same as that of the wake. Results are used to evaluate the crack‐tip shielding stress intensity factor and to compare with the measured fracture toughness.
Frequency-Domain Multichannel Signal Enhancement: Minimum Variance Vs. Minimum Correlation (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing of semiconductor chips and systems - paradigm shifts, and semiconductor industry consequences (2010)

Dramatic changes and paradigm shifts are presently occurring in the area of electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing of semiconductor chips and systems which may have significant influence on the semiconductor industry. New semiconductor chip tests that have traditionally been regarded as system level events are now being proposed as requirements on semiconductor chips. As these changes are occurring, the consequences on the semiconductor industry, semiconductor chips, and systems are still to be understood in the future.
EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Ultrasound Elastography.Part 2: Clinical Applications (2013)

The clinical part of these Guidelines and Recommendations produced under the auspices of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology EFSUMB assesses the clinically used applications of all forms of elastography, stressing the evidence from meta-analyses and giving practical advice for their uses and interpretation. Diffuse liver disease forms the largest section, reflecting the wide experience with transient and shear wave elastography . Then follow the breast, thyroid, gastro-intestinal tract, endoscopic elastography, the prostate and the musculo-skeletal system using strain and shear wave elastography as appropriate. The document is intended to form a reference and to guide clinical users in a practical way.
Polarized light extraction in m-plane GaN light-emitting diodes by embedded photonic-crystals (2011)

The polarization-preserving property of photonic crystals (PhCs) is combined to the superior extraction efficiency of embedded PhCs to enhance polarized light emission in m-plane GaN light-emitting diodes. As guided modes in m-plane GaN are mostly polarized along the a-direction (E⃗∥a⃗), their efficient extraction is achieved by one-dimensional embedded PhCs also aligned to the a-direction. A better diffraction efficiency is obtained by air-gap PhCs which required the growth of high quality, defect-free, m-plane GaN coalesced over the embedded air-grooves.
Heterogeneous coagulant potential of emicizumab in neonatal factor VIII–deficient plasma (2022)

The in vitro coagulant potentials of emicizumab in the neonate-HA model were more heterogeneous than those recorded in the adult-HA model.
Molecular Characterization of Pancreatic Neoplasms (2008)

Molecular analyses of neoplasms of the pancreas, coupled with careful histopathologic examination has helped refine the classification of pancreatic neoplasia. A number of molecularly and histologically distinct subtypes of pancreatic neoplasms have been identified and, importantly, many of these subtypes have important clinical implications. For example, most of the solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms harbor mutations in the beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1), and, as a result, most solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms have an abnormal nuclear pattern of labeling with antibodies to the beta-catenin protein. Clinically, patients with a solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm have a much better prognosis than do patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Therefore, the immunolabeling of a pancreatic biopsy for the beta-catenin protein can help identify patients with low-risk neoplasms. It is clear that the time is now ripe for a new modern classification of neoplasms of the pancreas; a classification that does not abandon gross and microscopic pathology, but which instead integrates molecular findings with gross, microscopic, and clinical findings.
Mixed-Initiative Cyber Security: Putting humans in the right loop (2009)

Abstract. Organizations and their computer infrastructures have grown intertwined in complex relationships through mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations, and cooperative service delivery. Consequently, defensive actions and policy changes by one organization may have far-reaching negative consequences on the partner organizations. Human-centric and machine-centric approaches are insufficient for defending the security of today&amp;apos;s increasingly complex computer infrastructures. The former are slow but highly adaptive, while the latter are fast but highly specialized. We believe the solution lies in mixed-initiative defenses combining the complementary qualities of both human- and machine-based approaches. We describe the Cooperative Infrastructure Defense (CID), a new cyberdefense paradigm designed to unify complex-adaptive swarm intelligence, logical rational agents, and human insight. CID will enable cooperative defense of infrastructure through situational awareness using visualization, security policy dialogue between humans and agents, shared initiative in solving cyber problems, and a foundation for building trust between humans and agents within and between organizations.
Real-time prediction of Poisson’s ratio from drilling parameters using machine learning tools (2021)

Rock elastic properties such as Poisson's ratio influence wellbore stability, in-situ stresses estimation, drilling performance, and hydraulic fracturing design. Conventionally, Poisson's ratio estimation requires either laboratory experiments or derived from sonic logs, the main concerns of these methods are the data and samples availability, costs, and time-consumption. In this paper, an alternative real-time technique utilizing drilling parameters and machine learning was presented. The main added value of this approach is that the drilling parameters are more likely to be available and could be collected in real-time during drilling operation without additional cost. These parameters include weight on bit, penetration rate, pump rate, standpipe pressure, and torque. Two machine learning algorithms were used, artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). To train and test the models, 2905 data points from one well were used, while 2912 data points from a different well were used for model validation. The lithology of both wells contains carbonate, sandstone, and shale. Optimization on different tuning parameters in the algorithm was conducted to ensure the best prediction was achieved. A good match between the actual and predicted Poisson's ratio was achieved in both methods with correlation coefficients between 0.98 and 0.99 using ANN and between 0.97 and 0.98 using ANFIS. The average absolute percentage error values were between 1 and 2% in ANN predictions and around 2% when ANFIS was used. Based on these results, the employment of drilling data and machine learning is a strong tool for real-time prediction of geomechanical properties without additional cost.
Physical, Electrochemical, and Solvent Permeation Properties of Amphiphilic Conetwork Membranes Formed through Interlinking of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Graft-Poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate] with Telechelic Poly(ethylene glycol) and Small Molecular Weight Cross-Linkers (2022)

We report the preparation of dense and porous amphiphilic conetwork (APCN) membranes through the covalent interconnection of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-<i>graft</i>-poly[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PVDF-<i>g</i>-PDMAEMA) copolymers with telechelic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or α,α-dichloro<i>-p</i>-xylene (XDC). The dense APCN membranes exhibit varying solvent swelling and mechanical properties depending on the compositions and overall crystallinity. The crystallinity of both PVDF (20-47%) and PEG (9-17%) is significantly suppressed in the dense APCNs prepared through the interconnection of PVDF-<i>g</i>-PDMAEMA with reactive PEG as compared to the APCN membranes (48-53%) prepared with XDC as well as mechanical blend of PVDF-<i>g</i>-PDMAEMA plus nonreactive PEG. The dense APCN membranes exhibit a good transport number of monovalent ions and ionic conductivity. The APCN membrane interconnected with PEG and containing binary ionic liquids exhibits a room-temperature lithium ion conductivity of 0.52 mS/cm. On the other hand, APCN ultrafiltration (UF) membranes exhibit organic solvent-resistant behavior. The UF membrane obtained by interconnecting PVDF-<i>g</i>-PDMAEMA with telechelic PEG shows low protein fouling propensity, higher hydrophilicity, and water flux as compared to membranes prepared using XDC as the interconnecting agent. The significant effect of the covalent interconnection of the amphiphilic graft copolymers with telechelic PEG or XDC on the overall properties provides a good opportunity to modulate the properties and performance of APCN membranes.
Silicon nanomembrane based photonic crystal waveguide array for wavelength-tunable true-time-delay lines (2012)

We demonstrate a four-channel on-chip true-time-delay module based on a photonic crystal waveguide array. Using the photonic crystal taper to minimize the coupling loss, the delay lines with 1–3 mm long photonic crystal waveguides can operate up to a group index ng ∼ 23 without significant loss. The large group velocity dispersion enables continuous and wavelength-tunable time delays. Measurements show a highly linear phase-frequency relation, highest time delay up to 216.7 ps, and large tuning ranges of 58.28 ps, 115.74 ps, and 194.16 ps for 1–3 mm delay lines. The chip-scale true-time-delay module occupies only 0.18 mm2 area and can provide ±44.38° steering for an X-band phased-array-antenna.
Initial growth mode of Au on Ag(110) studied with first-principles calculations (1992)

We studied the initial growth mode of Au on Ag(110) using first-principles total energy calculations. We found that a recently observed bilayer growth mode in this system is not energetically favorable and thus may not be an equilibrium process. The most favorable initial growth process up to 1 monolayer Au coverage is found to proceed via subsurface substitution, which is an interesting growth mode for a metal-on-metal system.
Contact De-electrification of Electrostatically Charged Polymers (2012)

The contact electrification of insulating organic polymers is still incompletely understood, in part because multiple fundamental mechanisms may contribute to the movement of charge. This study describes a mechanism previously unreported in the context of contact electrification: that is, "contact de-electrification", a process in which polymers charged to the same polarity discharge on contact. Both positively charged polymeric beads, e.g., polyamide 6/6 (Nylon) and polyoxymethylene (Delrin), and negatively charged polymeric beads, e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) and polyamide-imide (Torlon), discharge when the like-charged beads are brought into contact. The beads (both with charges of ∼±20 μC/m(2), or ∼100 charges/μm(2)) discharge on contact regardless of whether they are made of the same material, or of different materials. Discharge is rapid: discharge of flat slabs of like-charged Nylon and Teflon pieces is completed on a single contact (∼3 s). The charge lost from the polymers during contact de-electrification transfers onto molecules of gas in the atmosphere. When like-charged polymers are brought into contact, the increase in electric field at the point of contact exceeds the dielectric breakdown strength of the atmosphere and ionizes molecules of the gas; this ionization thus leads to discharge of the polymers. The detection (using a Faraday cup) of charges transferred to the cup by the ionized gas is compatible with the mechanism. Contact de-electrification occurs for different polymers and in atmospheres with different values of dielectric breakdown strength (helium, argon, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfur hexafluoride): the mechanism thus appears to be general.
Optical links for cryogenic focal plane array readout (1993)

An optical link can provide an interface channel for the focal-plane array that is immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can lower the heat load on the dewar. Our approach involves the use of fiber-optics and an on-focal-plane optical modulator to provide an interface to the focal-plane array (FPA). The FPA drives the modulator with an electrical signal. We evaluated specially fabricated AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) optical modulators, operating near 840 nm, for analog modulation, and we have used the results to calculate the performance of an optical interface link using experimentally determined device parameters. Link noise and dynamic range for an analog link were estimated from a separate experiment using pigtailed fiber components. The performance of the MQW modulator system is compared to alternative strategies. Significant improvement in performance in comparison to conventional electronic interfaces appears to be possible.
Activation of LXRs prevents bile acid toxicity and cholestasis in female mice (2007)

We propose that LXRs have evolved to have the dual functions of maintaining cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis by increasing cholesterol catabolism and, at the same time, preventing toxicity from bile acid accumulation.
Development of anti-thrombotic vaccine against human S100A9 in rhesus monkey (2021)

In post-stroke patients, a decreased adherence to antiplatelet drugs is a major challenge in the prevention of recurrent stroke. Previously, we reported an antiplatelet vaccine against S100A9 in mice, but the use of Freund's adjuvant and the difference in amino acid sequences in epitopes between mice and humans were problematic for clinical use. Here, we redesigned the S100A9 vaccine for the common sequence in both humans and monkeys and examined its effects in cynomolgus monkeys with Alum adjuvant. First, we assessed several candidate epitopes and selected 102 to 112 amino acids as the suitable epitope, which could produce antibodies. When this peptide vaccine was intradermally injected into 4 cynomolgus monkeys with Alum, the antibody against human S100A9 was successfully produced. Anti-thrombotic effects were shown in two monkeys in a mixture of vaccinated serum and fresh whole blood from another cynomolgus monkey. Additionally, the anti-thrombotic effects were partially inhibited by the epitope peptide, indicating the feasibility of neutralizing anti-thrombotic effects of produced antibodies. Prolongation of bleeding time was not observed in vaccinated monkeys. Although further studies on increasing the effect of vaccine and safety are necessary, this vaccine will be a promising approach to improve adherence to antiplatelet drugs in clinical settings.
An NS module for simulation of HSDPA (2006)

We have implemented functionality from the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) mode as an extension to ns-2 (the Network Simulator version 2). Ns-2 is a well-known simulation platform frequently used in network research. It includes detailed models of transport protocols, queueing strategies, etc. The code is open source, which is in line with the research ideal that results and methods should be made available both for validation of results and for further studies. We see a need for our simulator because mobile cellular systems are merging with the wired Internet creating an all-IP network. This surfaces problems related to TCP performance, Quality of Service, user behaviour to name a few. Modelling of high-speed cellular networks, from an Internet point of view, is therefore needed. When the current TCP/IP protocol suite was designed, assumptions were made about the delay and loss characteristics of the underlying links. The initial wireless IP networks suffered from problems in situations when the assumptions were not met and numerous solutions have been proposed. To answer questions related to the TCP/IP protocol suite our module is fitted with detailed models of TCP and factors which will have a significant impact on its performance. Our simulator is therefore a system-level simulator. It does not do exact modelling of the link layer. Instead models of the link layer that captures the behaviours essential to upper layers are used. We believe that the upper layers will have a greater impact on the problems we want to study than the lower layers. The purpose of this report is to describe the models used in our simulator. For better understanding of our models, we also include descriptions of the system modelled. This report is not a manual for performing simulations with our simulator. The work on this simulator was started by Ulf Bodin.
Using High Performance Computing to Examine the Processes of Neurogenesis Underlying Pattern Separation and Completion of Episodic Information (2014)

Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus region of the brain is a neurobiological process that is believed to contribute to the brain's advanced abilities in complex pattern recognition and cognition. Here, we describe how realistic scale simulations of the neurogenesis process can offer both a unique perspective on the biological relevance of this process and confer computational insights that are suggestive of novel machine learning techniques. First, supercomputer based scaling studies of the neurogenesis process demonstrate how a small fraction of adult-born neurons have a uniquely larger impact in biologically realistic scaled networks. Second, we describe a novel technical approach by which the information content of ensembles of neurons can be estimated. Finally, we illustrate several examples of broader algorithmic impact of neurogenesis, including both extending existing machine learning approaches and novel approaches for intelligent sensing.
An Evaluation of Avian Influenza Virus Whole Genome Sequencing Approaches Using Nanopore Technology (2023)

As exemplified by the global response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, whole genome sequencing played an important role in monitoring the evolution of novel viral variants and provided guidance on potential antiviral treatments. The recent rapid and extensive introduction and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Europe, North America and elsewhere raises the need for similarly rapid sequencing to aid in appropriate response and mitigation activities. To facilitate this objective, we investigated a next generation sequencing platform that uses a portable nanopore sequencing device to generate and present data in real time. This platform offers the potential to extend in-house sequencing capacities to laboratories that may otherwise lack resources to adopt sequencing technologies requiring large benchtop instruments. We evaluated this platform for routine use in a diagnostic laboratory. In this study we evaluated different primer sets for the whole genome amplification of influenza A virus and evaluated five different library preparation approaches for sequencing on the nanopore platform using the MinION flow-cell. A limited amplification procedure and a rapid procedure were found to be best among the approaches taken.
CuH‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroamidation of Vinylarenes (2018)

Abstract A CuH‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroamidation reaction of vinylarenes has been developed using readily accessible 1,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐ones as electrophilic amidating reagents. This method provides a straightforward and efficient approach to synthesize chiral amides in good yields with high levels of enantiopurity under mild conditions. Moreover, this transformation tolerates substrates bearing a broad range of functional groups.