gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments utilizing two coupled TRIGA-type reactors (1974)

An experimental study has been performed on a coupled-core system consisting of two reactors each of which can be made critical by itself, coupled neutronically by a graphite thermal column. Both steady-state and transient measurements were performed on the system. The steady-state measurement consisted of measuring the coupling coefficient between the two reactors. Also, series of measurements were performed while one of the cores was far subcritical and the coupling between the two cores was varied between 1.6 x 10{sup -2} and 1.6 x 10{sup -5} cents by the insertion of a water gap and from 1.6 x 10{sup -2} cents to 6.0 x 10{sup -4} cents by the insertion of a cadmium sheet between the cores. The transient portion of the study was performed by pulsing one of the reactors (the Illinois Advanced TRIGA) and following the pulse into the passive core (the Low Power Reactor Assembly). The first pulse series measured the pulse as it emerged from the thermal column and propagated through the water, where no fuel was present. This provided an analysis of the neutron source to the passive core. The second pulse series was performed with the passive core far subcritical (k{sub eff} {approx_equal} 0.94)more » and investigated the effects on the transient coupling of the insertion of water gaps of up to 9 inches or a cadmium sheet ({sigma}T = 3.2) between the two cores. Spatial measurements of the pulse in the far subcritical assembly also were performed. The third series of pulses investigated the characteristics of the pulse in the passive core when it was subcritical, just critical, and supercritical, The effects on the FWHM of the pulse in the passive core and on the delay time between the peak of the pulse in the TRIGA and the passive core were measured for the passive core having a k{sub eff} from 0.936 to 1.0015 and the initial period of the pulse in TRIGA varying from 15.6 {+-} .7 ms to 3.58 {+-} .05 ms. The FWHM increased from 13.5 {+-} 0.5 ms to 18.8 {+-} 0.5 ms and delay times increased from 3.6 {+-} 0.3 ms to 8.0 {+-} 0.3 ms with the increase in k{sub eff}. The delay time decreased from 9.1 {+-} 0.3 ms to 7.4 {+-} 0.3 ms during the decrease in the initial period of the pulse. A series of pulses was also run to measure the spatial effects on the pulse in a critical core. A one-energy group point-reactor kinetics model was successfully used to describe the behavior of the system. The transient coupling coefficient between the two reactors in this model was described by a constant factor with a time displacement, which was the pulse propagation time through the connecting thermal column. The parameters found from this model agree well with those previously calculated in other studies by Miley and Doshi or those measured in the steady state. Additional models for spatial effects and for a time-dependent coupling coefficient in the transient mode were tested with the data. (author)« less
Ceramic Foams Coated with Zeolite Crystals (2005)

Ceramic foams can be used as filters, dust collectors, light weight components and catalyst carriers. They can be produced by a variety of techniques. The performance of ceramic foams will be strongly improved when their mechanical properties are improved. For this reason, we produced ceramic foams both by a modified reaction bonded (RB) replica technique and by gel casting. With both methods, reticulated foam structures with enhanced mechanical strength were obtained. Zeolites are a special type of materials that are characterized by high catalytic properties. They can be brought on a structured carrier by dip and slurry coating. Nevertheless, in situ coating has as main advantage that the support is used as the base for nucleation. This results in the formation of a chemical bond between the zeolite crystals and the support. The goal of this contribution is twofold: at first we demonstrate how Al2O3 foams with improved mechanical strength can be produced both by the modified RB-alumina replica technique and by gel casting. Secondly, it is shown that these ceramic foams can be coated with (silicalite) zeolite crystals by insitu crystallization from a precursor sol. The two-layer material combinations have been characterized with FESEM, XRD, CT (computer assisted tomography), IA (Image Analysis) and by mechanical tests.
Nano sensor design for hydrogen detection (2009)

In this work, we present the design parameters and optimization of the nanoscale gap interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) for hydrogen gas sensing. In order to extract important design parameters and understand the sensor performance, numerical analysis has been carried out for calculating the electric potential, electrical field and surface charge distribution on the IDEs. The results show that the strength of the electrical field drops with the increase in distance from IDEs depending on the gap spacing and finger width of the electrodes. Based on the sensing mechanism of our sensor, the current distribution inside the sensing film is calculated showing that the thin sensing film could result in fast response due to the uniform electrical field distribution. Effects of the gap spacing and width on the sensing performance were investigated numerically. The optimized design of IDEs with 50 nm in gap and 1,000 nm in width shows that the change of electrical field in the thickness direction is much reduced for a given 120 nm-thick sensing layer on top of the IDEs. It is expected that this design responds better to hydrogen induced conductivity change on top surface and leads to shorter response time.
Controlling the Dissolution Rate of Hydrophobic Drugs by Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes with Different Levels of Carboxylation (2019)

We present the anti-solvent precipitation of hydrophobic drugs griseofulvin (GF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in the presence of carboxylated carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs). The aqueous dispersed f-CNTs were directly incorporated into the drug particles during the precipitation process. f-CNTs with different levels of carboxylation were tested where the hydrophilicity was varied by altering the C:COOH ratio. The results show that the hydrophilic f-CNTs dramatically enhanced the dissolution rate for both drugs, and the enhancement corresponded to the hydrophilicity of f-CNTs. The time to reach 80% dissolution (t80) reduced from 52.5 min for pure SMZ to 16.5 min when incorporated f-CNTs that had a C:COOH ratio of 23.2 were used, and to 11.5 min when the ratio dropped to 16. A corresponding decrease was observed for SMZ for the above-mentioned f-CNTs. The study clearly demonstrates that it is possible to control the dissolution rate of hydrophobic drugs by altering the level of carboxylation of the incorporated CNTs.
Unsymmetrical n-Channel Semiconducting Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimides Assembled via Hydrogen Bonds (2003)

Abstract Organic field-effect transistors have been fabricated from novel naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimides with unsymmetrical substitution. Two of these show distinct electron mobility, providing the first evidence that hydrogen bonding can be a means of producing a semiconducting morphology from organic compounds.
A Win Prediction Model for IT Outsourcing Bids (2014)

Information technology service providers (ITSPs) compete to win high-valued outsourcing contracts by designing and proposing bids to potential clients. The bids are complex in both their technological components and service level agreements. Several factors in addition to price play a critical role in determining whether a deal is won or lost. Our research mission is to discover which factors deals correlate with winning contracts in a competitive setting and build a win prediction model to prioritize scarce sales resources to deals that are likely to be won. By doing so, an ITSP can increase the effectiveness of its sales force and increase its contract win rate.
Sidestream RAS Fermentation for Stable Bio-P Combined with Short Cut Nitrogen Removal in an A/B Process (2018)

It is well known that soluble organic carbon (sCOD), especially in the form of volatile fatty acids (VFA), is critical to achieving reliable enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. Consistent and reliable EBPR in systems treating wastewaters deficient in sCOD may be accomplished by the addition of VFA and sCOD – rich fermentate produced by the fermentation of primary sludge, return / waste activated sludge (RAS / WAS), or other suitable carbon sources. The solids retention time (SRT) of fermenters being used to supplement carbon in sidestream EBPR processes must be controlled such that complex organics are hydrolyzed into simpler fractions, which are then converted into soluble organic carbon, including but not limited to short chain VFAs (i.e. SCVFA) via acidogenesis and acetogenesis, while also preventing methanogenesis from occurring (Skalsky and Daigger, 1995). Perhaps the most widely employed sidestream EBPR processes involve sidestream RAS fermentation using several different configurations (J. Barnard et al., 2010; Vollertsen et al., 2006). These systems typically divert 5 – 30% of the RAS flow in an activated sludge process to an anaerobic, sidestream bioreactor, with hydraulic residence times (HRTs) in the range of 16 – 48 h. These HRTs may be reduced by the addition of supplemental carbon derived from the fermentation of a portion of the primary sludge. While there are several papers available in the literature detailing the operation and optimization of fermenters fed with primary sludge, little information is available about the performance of fermentation processes that employ sludge generated in high rate activated sludge (HRAS) systems. This study was carried out at a pilot plant operating an A/B type process and involved fermentation of a portion of the WAS from a HRAS A-stage process to add soluble carbon to a sidestream EBPR process receiving a portion of the RAS from B-stage. The goal was to achieve biological phosphorus removal and optimize performance in the sidestream reactor while utilizing supplemental carbon from the A-stage WAS fermenter.
Hybrid plasma polymerized membranes from organosilicon precursors for gas separation (1999)

International audience
Vertical etching of thick SiO2 using C2F6-based reactive ion beam etching (1995)

Anisotropic etching of deep SiO2 has been obtained using electron cyclotron resonance–reactive ion beam etching with C2F6 gas. The influence of total gas pressure and gas flow rate on the profile control and the roughness due to the etching have been determined. The sidewall angle of etched profile can be tailored by adjusting the processing conditions, and it is found that a sidewall angle of 90° for an etching of deepness around 18 μm is obtained at a pressure of 1.0 mTorr and a gas flow rate of 35 sccm. Low roughness has also been achieved for a pressure of 1.0 mTorr with the gas flow rate ranging from 25 to 40 sccm. Here, the scanning electron microscope and the scanning tunneling microscope have been used to study the etched profile and the roughness, respectively.
Silicon film thickness and material dependence of "reverse short channel effect" for SOI NMOSFETs (2002)

Reverse Short Channel Effect (RSCE) effect in SOI devices is observed and is found dependent on silicon overlayer thickness. No correlation between MDD implant dose and RSCE is observed. RSCE is found to depend on material quality. All result can be explained by the dopant (boron) pile-up at the source-drain model.
New insights into genetic susceptibility of COVID-19: an ACE2 and TMPRSS2 polymorphism analysis (2020)

This study suggested that ACE2 or TMPRSS2 DNA polymorphisms were likely associated with genetic susceptibility of COVID-19, which calls for a human genetics initiative for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.
Adaptive Cascade Control of a Brake-By-Wire Actuator for Sport Motorcycles (2014)

In this paper, a cascade control architecture for a brake-by-wire system suitable for motor racing applications is described. The system is composed of an electromechanical actuator, i.e., an electric motor, a transmission, a master cylinder, and a traditional hydraulic brake (pipe and caliper). Starting from a control-oriented model, a cascade control is proposed. An inner-loop controls the position; an outer the pressure. The outer loop features an adaptation mechanism to cope with the intrinsic time-varying nonlinearity of the position-pressure relationship. The stability and robustness of the pressure loop are proven. Extensive experimental validation, conducted on an instrumented motorbike on a test circuit by a professional rider, shows the performance of the system.
General Approach to 2,3‐Dibenzyl‐γ‐butyrolactone Lignans: Application to the Total Synthesis of (±)‐5′‐Methoxyyatein, (±)‐5′‐Methoxyclusin, and (±)‐4′‐Hydroxycubebinone (2010)

Abstract The total synthesis of natural lignans 5′‐methoxyyatein ( 1 ), 5′‐methoxyclusin ( 2 ), and 4′‐hydroxycubebinone ( 3 ), in racemic form, has been achieved by a newly developed strategy, wherein lithium naphthalenide induced decyanation was employed as a key operation to establish the essential trans configuration of the butyrolactone ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Hexahydrophenazines by Treatment of Dimeric Nitrosochlorides with 1,2‐Diaminoarenes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Interferometers with self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror for testing aspherical and cylindrical surfaces</title> (1996)

Self-pumped phase-conjugate mirrors (SPPCM) on the base of photorefractive crystals are able to produce the phase- conjugate replica of an incoming wave. That is within certain limits independent of the incoming wave front. One conclusion of that is the possibility of aberration compensation in interferometers. Hence the application of SPPCM offers new possibilities for interferometric tests, especially in fields where classical methods reach their limits. We have built up an phase-shifting interferometer for testing cylindrical and aspherical surfaces incorporating a SPPCM. The optics for generating the wave front adapted to the surface under test is placed in the entrance arm of the interferometer. For testing aspherical surfaces we used a computer-generated hologram. The SPPCM is located in the reference arm. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new approach and present the results of testing such surfaces.
P‐181: Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Sensitizer of Hyperfluorescence OLED by Adding Blocking Group (2020)

In this work, two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, TrzCN and t‐TrzCN were synthesized to study effect of blocking group at acceptor unit in yellow hyperfluorescence system Two TADF materials were designed to prevent Dexter energy transfer by integrating t‐butyl substituted triazine, nitrile electron withdrawing unit and diindolocarbazole electron donating unit. By comparing these two materials, we could confirm the effect of blocking group. In 20% TADF and 0.5% TBRb doped devices, TrzCN TADF sensitizer without t‐butyl group material with TBRb fluorescence device showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.8%. The t‐TrzCN TADF sensitizer with t‐butyl group material showed maximum external quantum efficiency 17.6%.
Analysis of regional congenital cardiac surgical outcomes in Florida using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2009)

A regional consortium of congenital heart surgery centres in Florida under the framework of the Children's Medical Services has allowed for inter-institutional collaboration with the goal of quality improvement. This experience demonstrates, first, that the database maintained by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons can provide the framework for regional analysis of outcomes, and second, that voluntary regional collaborative efforts permit the pooling of data for such analysis.
Review of Methods for Real-Time Loss Minimization in Induction Machines (2010)

This paper reviews and compares available techniques for minimizing power loss of induction motors. It identifies a separate category of loss minimization techniques (LMTs) - hybrid LMTs. Techniques have different convergence rates, parameter dependence, and convergence errors. Offline techniques are introduced and real-time techniques are detailed. Real-time LMTs are divided into model-based, physics-based, and hybrid categories. Application of a real-time LMT to a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is examined. Simulation and experimental results verify the characteristics of each category of real-time LMTs. Sensitivity of real-time LMTs to motor parameters is discussed. It is shown that techniques can be chosen based on application-specific requirements and that hybrid LMTs balance partial parameter independence and fast convergence to achieve the best overall performance.
Phase II trial of oral suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) unresponsive to conventional therapy (2005)

6571 Background: Epigenetic modulation of genes controlling apoptosis and differentiation is an attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapies. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an oral inhibitor of class I and II histone deacetylases, induces apoptosis of malignant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell lines and Sezary Syndrome (SS) patients’ cells at clinically achievable doses. Methods: Thirty-seven advanced, refractory CTCL patients were treated with three oral dosing regimens of SAHA in a Phase II opened label trial. Results: Ten of 37 (27%) of patients, including 3 with large cell transformed tumors and 7 with SS, achieved a PR as evaluated by a physician global assessment score (> 50% reduction in disease burden). Lymphadenopathy decreased by more than 50% in 15 of 26 pts (58%), and pruritus in 21 of 31 pts (68%). Thirteen patients discontinued for progressive disease, and ten withdrew for adverse events of fatigue, anemia, rash, cutaneous neuropathy, leukopenia, weight loss (1 each), prior DVT with pulmonary embolism (2 pts), or thrombocytopenia (3 pts). The most common toxicities irrespective of grade were fatigue (27) or GI symptoms including diarrhea (21), nausea (19), dysguesia (17), dry mouth (14), and decreased appetite (13). Thrombocytopenia occurred in 21 of 37 pts (57%) at Gr 1 = 13, Gr 2 = 1, Gr 3 =3 and Gr 4 = 4 pts. Conclusions: Oral SAHA produced clinically meaningful partial responses (skin, nodes and blood) in 10 of 37 advanced, heavily pre-treated CTCL patients associated with decreased pruritus. The dosing regimen of 400 mg daily is undergoing confirmatory study in a phase IIb trial. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck Merck Aton
Mammalian adaptation of influenza A(H7N9) virus is limited by a narrow genetic bottleneck (2015)

Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus is associated mainly with the exposure to infected poultry. The factors that allow interspecies transmission but limit human-to-human transmission are unknown. Here we show that A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) influenza virus infection of chickens (natural hosts) is asymptomatic and that it generates a high genetic diversity. In contrast, diversity is tightly restricted in infected ferrets, limiting further adaptation to a fully transmissible form. Airborne transmission in ferrets is accompanied by the mutations in PB1, NP and NA genes that reduce viral polymerase and neuraminidase activity. Therefore, while A(H7N9) virus can infect mammals, further adaptation appears to incur a fitness cost. Our results reveal that a tight genetic bottleneck during avian-to-mammalian transmission is a limiting factor in A(H7N9) influenza virus adaptation to mammals. This previously unrecognized biological mechanism limiting species jumps provides a measure of adaptive potential and may serve as a risk assessment tool for pandemic preparedness.
Micro-Mixing Lean-Premix System for Ultra-Low Emission Hydrogen/Syngas Combustion (2010)

The focus of this project was to develop the next generation of fuel injection technologies for environmentally friendly, hydrogen syngas combustion in gas turbine engines that satisfy DOE's objectives of reducing NOx emissions to 3 ppm. Building on Parker Hannifin's proven Macrolamination technology for liquid fuels, Parker developed a scalable high-performing multi-point injector that utilizes multiple, small mixing cups in place of a single conventional large-scale premixer. Due to the small size, fuel and air mix rapidly within the cups, providing a well-premixed fuel-air mixture at the cup exit in a short time. Detailed studies and experimentation with single-cup micro-mixing injectors were conducted to elucidate the effects of various injector design attributes and operating conditions on combustion efficiency, lean stability and emissions and strategies were developed to mitigate the impact of flashback. In the final phase of the program, a full-scale 1.3-MWth multi-cup injector was built and tested at pressures from 6.9bar (100psi) to 12.4bar (180psi) and flame temperatures up to 2000K (3150 F) using mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas as fuel with nitrogen and carbon dioxide as diluents. The injector operated without flash back on fuel mixtures ranging from 100% natural gas to 100% hydrogen and emissions were shown to be insensitive to combustor pressure. NOx emissions of 3-ppm were achieved at a flame temperature of 1750K (2690 F) when operating on a fuel mixture containing 50% hydrogen and 50% natural gas by volume with 40% nitrogen dilution and 1.5-ppm NOx was achieved at a flame temperature of 1680K (2564 F) using only 10% nitrogen dilution. NOx emissions of 3.5-ppm were demonstrated at a flame temperature of 1730K (2650 F) with only 10% carbon dioxide dilution. Finally, 3.6-ppm NOx emissions were demonstrated at a flame temperature over 1600K (2420 F) when operating on 100% hydrogen fuel with 30% carbon dioxide dilution. Superior operability was demonstrated for the hydrogen-natural gas fuel. The micro-mixing fuel injectors show great promise for use in future gas turbine engines operating on hydrogen, syngas or other fuel mixtures of various compositions, supporting the Department of Energy goals related to increased energy diversity while reducing greenhouse gases.
Influences of nitridation on tunneling barrier change and charge trapping caused by electrical stress (2003)

By analyzing the change in the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling current as a result of the modulations of both the cathode field and the barrier shape at the tunneling interface caused by electrical stress, the charge trapping modulating the cathode field as well as the barrier change resulting from the charge trapping within the tunneling distance are determined quantitatively. The influence of nitridation on the barrier change and the charge trapping is examined. It is found that nitridation reduces the barrier change and the charge trapping significantly.