gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle-enhanced spectral photoacoustic tomography: effect of oxygen saturation and tissue heterogeneity (2016)

Molecular imaging for breast cancer detection, infectious disease diagnostics and preclinical animal research may be achievable through combined use of targeted exogenous agents – such as nanoparticles – and spectral Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT). However, tissue heterogeneity can alter fluence distributions and acoustic propagation, corrupting measured PAT absorption spectra and complicating in vivo nanoparticle detection and quantitation. Highly absorptive vascular structures represent a common confounding factor, and variations in vessel hemoglobin saturation (SO2) may alter spectral content of signals from adjacent/deeper regions. To evaluate the impact of this effect on PAT nanoparticle detectability, we constructed heterogeneous phantoms with well-characterized channel-inclusion geometries and biologically relevant optical and acoustic properties. Phantoms contained an array of tubes at several depths filled with hemoglobin solutions doped with varying concentrations of gold nanorods with an absorption peak at 780 nm. Both overlying and target network SO2 was tuned using sodium dithionite. Phantoms were imaged from 700 to 900 nm using a custom PAT system comprised of a tunable pulsed laser and a research-grade ultrasound system. Recovered nanoparticle spectra were analyzed and compared with results from both spectrophotometry and PAT data from waterimmersed tubes containing blood and nanoparticle solutions. Results suggested that nanoparticle selection for a given PAT application should take into account expected oxygenation states of both target blood vessel and background tissue oxygenation to achieve optimal performance.
The Rising and Receding Fortunes of Electrochemists (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTThe Rising and Receding Fortunes of ElectrochemistsReginald M. Penner and Yury GogotsiCite this: ACS Nano 2016, 10, 4, 3875–3876Publication Date (Web):April 26, 2016Publication History Published online26 April 2016Published inissue 26 April 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.6b02404https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02404editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4625Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (615 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Electrical energy,Electrochemistry,Ions,Layers,Solar energy Get e-Alerts
Detection of gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8 levels with different laboratory and chair-side methods (2009)

Immunofluorometric assay and dentoAnalyzer can detect MMP-8 from GCF samples and these methods are comparable. Using Western immunoblot, it was confirmed that IFMA and dentoAnalyzer can detect activated 55 kDa MMP-8 species especially in periodontitis-affected GCF. dentoAnalyzer is among the first quantitative MMP-8 chair-side testing devices in periodontal and peri-implant diagnostics and research.
Asymmetrical Flexible Tethering of Spine Growth in an Immature Bovine Model (2002)

Anterolateral tethering of the spine creates kyphosis and scoliosis in this rapidly growing bovine model. The spinal tether limited motion primarily in lateral flexion. However, total lateral bending motion returned to levels comparable with control motion segments after removal of the tether. This method of spine growth modulation may provide a possible treatment for the correction of spine deformities without arthrodesis in patients who are skeletally immature. The exact mechanisms of growth modulation and the effects of tethering on disc function and integrity are unknown and deserve further study.
MDM2 Inhibition Enhances Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy by Increasing IL15 and MHC Class II Production (2023)

MDM2-inhibition represents a novel strategy to enhance IL15 and MHC-II-production, which disrupts the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. On the basis of our findings, a clinical trial combining MDM2-inhibition with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma is planned.
Ultrasonic modulation of high-speed water jets (2018)

Improving the performance of high-speed water jets is necessary for extending their use in mining and underground applications. From the analysis of the impact of a water jet on the material surface one can show that pulsed jets provide an effective method for cutting or fragmentation of hard and brittle materials. Modulation of the continuous high-speed jet represents one of the most promising methods for generating pulsed jets. In this paper, a brief summary of theoretical models, which attempt to describe the behaviour of the modulated jet after leaving the nozzle, is presented followed by some aspects of the ultrasonic modulation of high-speed continuous water jets. Preliminary tests to evaluate the effectiveness of modulated water jets were performed using aluminum, copper and cast iron samples. The jet was modulated by the vibrations of a piezoelectric transducer and velocity transformer (horn) at 15 kHz.
Abstract 070: Superoxide And Hydrogen Peroxide Differentially Modulate Mouse Afferent Arteriolar Myogenic Responses Via Protein Kinase C And Protein Kinase G And Their Coupling To Membrane Potential (2014)

Background: Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate normal myogenic responses (MRs) of afferent arterioles (Affs), oxidative stress contribute to impaired MRs in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and thereby to barotrauma. The mechanisms underlying these apparently conflicting reports are unclear. MRs depend on reductions in membrane potential (Em) that activate voltage-operated calcium channels to raise intracellular [Ca 2+ ]. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that MRs are increased by superoxide (O 2 .- ) and reduced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) through differential signaling via protein kinase C (PKC) - and protein kinase G (PKG) - dependent changes in Em. Methods: MRs were assessed from changes in luminal diameter of mouse individual isolated perfused Affs (n = 5-6 per group) with change in perfusion pressure (PP) from 40 to 80 mmHg. The effects of O 2 .- and H 2 O 2 on the MR were assessed after incubation with 1 μM paraquat (PQ increases O 2 .- ) or incubation with 10 μM H 2 O 2 . O 2 .- with PP was assessed from PEG-SOD inhibitable ethidium:dihydroethidium fluorescence, and H 2 O 2 from PEG-catalase (CAT) inhibitable H 2 DCFDA fluorescence and Em from DiBAC 4 (3) fluorescence. Results: 1. PQ increased O 2 .- with PP by 32 ± 4% (P&lt;0.001) and MR by 140 ± 33% (P&lt;0.01) (prevented by PEG-SOD), but H 2 O 2 reduced MR by 50 ± 2% (P&lt;0.0001) (prevented by PEG-CAT). 2. The PP-induced fall in Em was increased by PQ (PQ -19 ± 2% vs vehicle -4 ± 1%, P&lt;0.001), but was reversed by H 2 O 2 (H 2 O 2 +16 ± 1% vs vehicle -4 ± 1%, P&lt;0.001). 3. Inhibition of PKC with 3 μM of Gö6983 blocked the reduction in Em with PQ (PQ -19 ± 2% vs PQ+ Gö6983 -2 ± 2%, P&lt;0.01), while inhibition of PKG with 30 μM of Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS blocked the increase in Em with H 2 O 2 (H 2 O 2 +16 ± 2% vs H 2 O 2 +Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS -2 ± 1%, P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: O 2 .- signals via PKC to depolarize the Em and thereby to activate the MR whereas H 2 O 2 signals via PKG to hyperpolarize the Em and thereby to inhibit the MR. Thus, O 2 .- and H 2 O 2 signaling via specific G-protein-coupled changes in Em may explain the differential effects of ROS on MRs.
An original and rigorous approach to the design of microwave active circuit (2002)

The real frequency technique (RFT) is an efficient numerical method to design matching networks of microwave active circuits. It provides several advantages over most of the usual techniques. Directly including measured scattering and noise parameter data, it does not require any rational functions or circuit models. Moreover, neither a pre-determined matching circuit topology is necessary. The described method also allows designing stability-guaranteed broadband circuits when employing potentially unstable transistors. With the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, the RFT can be applied to simultaneously optimize transducer power gain, input and output VSWRs, noise figure and group delay of a multistage microwave active circuit. Applications as different as low-noise amplifiers, active filters or broadband amplifiers are possible.
Neutralizing immunity in vaccine breakthrough infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants (2022)

Summary Virus-like particle (VLP) and live virus assays were used to investigate neutralizing immunity to Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in 239 samples from 125 fully vaccinated individuals. In uninfected, non-boosted individuals, VLP neutralization titers to Delta and Omicron were reduced 2.7-fold and 15.4-fold, respectively, compared to wild-type (WT), while boosted individuals (n=23) had 18-fold increased titers. Delta breakthrough infections (n=39) had 57-fold and 3.1-fold titers whereas Omicron breakthrough infections (n=14) had 5.8-fold and 0.32-fold titers compared to uninfected non-boosted and boosted individuals, respectively. The difference in titers (p=0.049) was related to a higher proportion of moderate to severe infections in the Delta cohort (p=0.014). Correlation of neutralizing and spike quantitative antibody titers was decreased with Delta or Omicron compared to WT. Neutralizing antibodies in Delta and Omicron breakthrough infections increase overall, but the relative magnitude of increase is greater in more clinically severe infection and against the specific infecting variant.
Segmentation of speech using speaker identification (2002)

This paper describes techniques for segmentation of conversational speech based on speaker identity. Speaker segmentation is performed using Viterbi decoding on a hidden Markov model network consisting of interconnected speaker sub-networks. Speaker sub-networks are initialized using Baum-Welch training on data labeled by speaker, and are iteratively retrained based on the previous segmentation. If data labeled by speaker is not available, agglomerative clustering is used to approximately segment the conversational speech according to speaker prior to Baum-Welch training. The distance measure for the clustering is a likelihood ratio in which speakers are modeled by Gaussian distributions. The distance between merged segments is recomputed at each stage of the clustering, and a duration model is used to bias the likelihood ratio. Segmentation accuracy using agglomerative clustering initialization matches accuracy using initialization with speaker labeled data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pdxdc1 modulates prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in the mouse (2017)

Current antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia all target the dopamine D2 receptor. Although these drugs have serious side effects and limited efficacy, no novel molecular targets for schizophrenia treatment have been successfully translated into new medications. To identify novel potential treatment targets for schizophrenia, we searched for previously unknown molecular modulators of acoustic prepulse inhibition (PPI), a schizophrenia endophenotype, in the mouse. We examined six inbred mouse strains that have a range of PPI, and used microarrays to determine which mRNA levels correlated with PPI across these mouse strains. We examined several brain regions involved in PPI and schizophrenia: hippocampus, striatum, and brainstem, found a number of transcripts that showed good correlation with PPI level, and confirmed this with real-time quantitative PCR. We then selected one candidate gene for further study, Pdxdc1 (pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain containing 1), because it is a putative enzyme that could metabolize catecholamine neurotransmitters, and thus might be a feasible target for new medications. We determined that Pdxdc1 mRNA and protein are both strongly expressed in the hippocampus and levels of Pdxdc1 are inversely correlated with PPI across the six mouse strains. Using shRNA packaged in a lentiviral vector, we suppressed Pdxdc1 protein levels in the hippocampus and increased PPI by 70%. Our results suggest that Pdxdc1 may regulate PPI and could be a good target for further investigation as a potential treatment for schizophrenia.
Natural nanoparticules against cancer: mature dendritic cell-derived exosomes (2011)

Deep insight on Natural nanoparticules against cancer: mature dendritic cell-derived exosomes.
Zr-Porphyrin Metal–Organic Framework-Based Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Membranes for Efficient Dye Removal (2021)

The self-cleaning ability and reusability of a membrane are critical in practical applications because they can severely affect the lifespan and the separation efficiency of the membranes. In this work, hydrophilic Zr-porphyrin metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different dimensions (2D or 3D) were embedded in the polyamide active layer to develop a self-cleaning membrane with enhanced separation performance. Zr-porphyrin MOF (3D) with excellent photocatalytic activity and uniform 1D open triangular channels can not only endow this membrane with visible-light photocatalytic ability for the degradation of organic dyes deposited on the membrane surface but also provide additional transport channels leading to a high membrane permeate flux. The optimum membrane exhibits a superior water permeate flux of 110.4 L m–2 h–1 (threefold higher than the pristine thin-film composite membrane) while maintaining very high dye rejection (close to 100%) for five dyes (anionic dyes: Congo red, Direct red 23, and Reactive Black 5 and cationic dyes: methylene blue and rhodamine B) and an outstanding photocatalytic degradation self-cleaning ability (the recovery of water permeate flux exceeds 97% after 4 cycles). Overall, this study may offer new inspiration for designing and tuning Zr-porphyrin MOF-based self-cleaning membranes with excellent dye removal ability.
Electromagnetic Compliance Issues of Project Oculus (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Project Oculus, an experimental configurable sensor platform for deploying airborne sensors on a C-130 aircraft, is currently in its pre-flight testing phase. The electronics driving the platform are available commercially off the shelf (COTS) and as such are not automatically rated to comply with stringent military electromagnetic standards as defined in MIL-STD-461. These COTS electronics include efficient switching power converters, variable frequency motor drives (VFD), and microprocessor based equipment, all of which can present electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues. Even in a design where EMI issues were not considered up front, it is often possible to bring the overall configuration into compliance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Switching and digital clock signals produce both conducted and radiated noise emissions. Long cable runs and enclosure apertures become noise transmitting antennas. Large switching currents place noise on the power lines causing interference with other equipment. These problems became apparent during initial EMI compliance testing. This publication will outline the shielding and filtering techniques used to resolve these problems in preparation for flight testing and evaluation.&lt;/div&gt;
Topology optimization and experimental verification of compact E‐plane waveguide filters (2019)

Abstract This article presents a numerical method to design compact E‐plane waveguide filters. The key feature of the proposed method is that the conducting layout of the filters is automatically determined based on a desired filter characteristic. This extreme level of design freedom is obtained using the numerical optimization technique called topology optimization. The filters are complex in shape but easy to mass‐produce with low‐cost conventional methods. The method is verified experimentally by measurement of responses similar to the numerical predictions.
Comparative performance limits of MOSFET, MESFET and MODFET digital circuits (2002)

Using the static transfer curves derived from analytical drain current and threshold voltage models for short-channel MOSFETs, MESFETs and MODFETs, the FET scaling limits in CMOS and E/D MOSFET (NMOS), MESFET, and MODFET DCFL digital circuits are determined as 0.025 mu m, 0.05 mu m, 0.075 mu m, and 0.075 mu m (respectively) from noise margin considerations. The corresponding delay times of ring oscillators using these minimum length devices are shown to be 6.37 ps, 5.07 ps. 2.44 ps and 2.61 ps, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Differentiation of Australian isolates ofMycobacterium paratuberculosisusing pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (1997)

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was a useful tool for strain typing of M paratuberculosis, and could be used to study the transmission of strains in Australia.
OpenFab (2013)

3D printing hardware is rapidly scaling up to output continuous mixtures of multiple materials at increasing resolution over ever larger print volumes. This poses an enormous computational challenge: large high-resolution prints comprise trillions of voxels and petabytes of data and simply modeling and describing the input with spatially varying material mixtures at this scale is challenging. Existing 3D printing software is insufficient; in particular, most software is designed to support only a few million primitives, with discrete material choices per object. We present OpenFab, a programmable pipeline for synthesis of multi-material 3D printed objects that is inspired by RenderMan and modern GPU pipelines. The pipeline supports procedural evaluation of geometric detail and material composition, using shader-like fablets , allowing models to be specified easily and efficiently. We describe a streaming architecture for OpenFab; only a small fraction of the final volume is stored in memory and output is fed to the printer with little startup delay. We demonstrate it on a variety of multi-material objects.
A Survey of Defensive Deception: Approaches Using Game Theory and Machine Learning (2021)

Defensive deception is a promising approach for cyber defense. Via defensive deception, a defender can anticipate and prevent attacks by misleading or luring an attacker, or hiding some of its resources. Although defensive deception is garnering increasing research attention, there has not been a systematic investigation of its key components, the underlying principles, and its tradeoffs in various problem settings. This survey focuses on defensive deception research centered on game theory and machine learning, since these are prominent families of artificial intelligence approaches that are widely employed in defensive deception. This paper brings forth insights, lessons, and limitations from prior work. It closes with an outline of some research directions to tackle major gaps in current defensive deception research.
Enhanced Fuel Decomposition in the Presence of Colloidal Functionalized Graphene Sheet-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles (2020)

Experiments and simulations were used to demonstrate that decorating functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) with platinum nanoparticles (Pt@FGS) stabilized these particles. Addition of these particles to liquid hydrocarbon fuels was observed to significantly affect decomposition under supercritical conditions at a pressure of 4.75 MPa and temperatures from 753 to 803 K. The suspension of only 50 ppmw Pt@FGS in the fuel (equivalent to adding 10 ppmw Pt) enhanced fuel conversion rates (by up to 24%) with a major effect on specific product yields. The production of low-molecular-weight species increased in the pyrolysis products (with the hydrogen yield increasing by a factor of 12.5). ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations supported a mechanism in which synergy between Pt and FGS catalyzed dehydrogenation during n-C12H26 pyrolysis. The highest conversion rates and greatest yields of hydrogen and low-molecular-weight species were observed for fuels containing Pt@FGS particles rather than those containing either FGSs or Pt-clusters alone. Analysis of the platinum decorated FGSs post reaction indicated no deterioration of the composite particles.
Analysis of a combined radial-axial magnetic bearing for a high-speed drive system (2010)

High-speed and high-power-density drives are attracting much interest in today's industry, e.g. for applications with mesoscale gas turbine generator systems or turbocompressors for fuel cells. In all high-speed machinery the bearing is a key component. Therefore, this paper presents the analysis of an active magnetic bearing suitable for a permanent magnet machine, being part of a high-speed electrical drive system. The focus is on the detailed analysis of the magnetic forces, the coupling between the different axes and the verification of the theoretical considerations by means of 3D-FEM simulations. The analysis of the bearing forces is needed to implement the position control to the prototype of the bearing system, which already has been built. (6 pages)
Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing Research and Development in Europe (2004)

Abstract : This report is a review of additive/subtractive manufacturing techniques in Europe. Otherwise known as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), this approach has resided largely in the prototyping realm, where the methods of producing complex freeform solid objects directly from a computer model without part-specific tooling or knowledge started. But these technologies are evolving steadily and are beginning now to encompass related systems of material addition, subtraction, assembly, and insertion of components made by other processes. Furthermore, these various additive/subtractive processes are starting to evolve into rapid manufacturing techniques for mass-customized products, away from narrowly defined rapid prototyping. Taking this idea far enough down the line, and several years hence, a radical restructuring of manufacturing as we know it could take place. Not only would the time to market be slashed, manufacturing itself would move from a resource base to a knowledge base and from mass production of single use products to mass customized, high value, life cycle products. At the time of the panel's visit, the majority of SFF research and development in Europe was focused on advanced development of existing SFF technologies by improving processing performance, materials, modeling and simulation tools, and design tools to enable the transition from prototyping to manufacturing of end use parts. Specific examples include: laser sintering of powders, direct metal deposition and laser fusion of powders, and ink jet printing techniques. Truly integrated layer-by-layer additive/subtractive processes under development are limited; European emphasis was on creating an entire process chain to create new business models.