gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of red blood cell aggregability in a flow-chamber by computerized image analysis (1994)

A system for direct observation and video recording of red blood cells (RBC) under flow, and computerized analysis of their aggregability was constructed. A narrow-gap flow-chamber was designed, in which a blood sample is subjected to controllable fl
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Dinitro Derivatives of Sesquiterpene Lactone Achillin (2003)

An unexpected dinitro derivative (2) of sesquiterpene lactone achillin (1), isolated from the aerial part of Achillea micrantha Wild., was formed when this compound was exposed to gaseous NOCl in CHCl 3 .This derivative was transformed into dinitrocarbonic acid (3) in pyridine in 30 minutes and in quantitative yield.The structures of these compounds were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis.
Assessing the completeness of infant and childhood immunizations within a provincial registry populated by parental reporting: A study using linked databases in Ontario, Canada (2020)

The analytic cohort to assess DHIR data completeness included 2,657 children. Overall UTD coverage (all vaccines assessed) was 82.0% in the DHIR and 67.6% in EMRPC. UTD coverage was higher in the DHIR for all vaccines assessed individually, with the exception of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (difference = 0.3%). After excluding two EMRPC sites with irregularities in immunization data, the difference in overall UTD coverage between systems decreased from 14.4% to 6.6% INTERPRETATION: These results validate the use of DHIR for coverage assessment but also suggest that bidirectional exchange of immunization information has the potential to increase immunization data completeness in both systems.
Phosphorylative inactivation of rifampicin by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (1994)

Rifampicin was inactivated by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum to yield two products designated RIP-3 and RIP-4. The full structures of RIP-3 and RIP-4 were determined to be 21-(O-phosphoryl) rifampicin and 3-formyl-21-(O-phosphoryl) rifamycin SV, respectively, but neither product had any antimicrobial activity.
From Disease Proteomics to Biomarker Development-Establishment of Antibody Proteomics Technology and Exploration of Cancer-related Biomarkers- (2010)

Molecular biomarkers are keys to the development of new diagnostic protocols and therapies. Recently, significant research effort has been devoted to the development of these biomarkers using various approaches. Perhaps the most promising approach is disease proteomics. This method involves analyzing and identifying changes in the expression pattern at the protein level in the diseased condition (disease-related proteins) by using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis analysis (2D-DIGE). In the case of disease proteomics, hundreds of candidate disease-related proteins can be identified at a time. Therefore, how to pick the really valuable proteins up from a number of candidate drug targets is the most important issue to be solved worldwide. Here, we introduce a novel approach, termed "antibody proteomics", which addresses this issue. Using antibody proteomics it is possible to identify a variety of disease-related proteins by 2D-DIGE and simultaneously prepare monoclonal antibodies to these proteins by using a phage antibody library. The advantage of this technology is that the target proteins are identified in a high-throughput manner. Our approach relies on the fact that tissue microarray analysis can evaluate the relationship between disease-related proteins and disease progression, based on clinical and pathological information. In this review, we discussed the development and application of antibody proteomics and gave an overview of future work.
Alpha particle effects on the reversed field mirror (1977)

Particle orbits for the field reversed mirror are studied based on an analogy with the spherical vortex configuration. (MHR)
Doubly robust Kalman smoothing by controlling outlier sparsity (2010)

Coping with outliers contaminating dynamical processes is of major importance in various applications because mismatches from nominal models are not uncommon in practice. This paper develops a novel smoothing algorithm that is robust to outliers simultaneously present in the measurements and in the state dynamics. Outliers are handled through auxiliary unknown variables that are jointly estimated along with the state based on the least-squares criterion regularized with the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm to effect sparsity control. Attractive features of the novel doubly robust Kalman smoother include: i) ability to handle both types of outliers; ii) universality to unknown nominal noise and outlier distributions; iii) flexibility to encompass maximum a-posteriori optimal estimators, and also exhibit reliable performance under nominal conditions; and iv) improved performance relative to competing alternatives, as corroborated via simulated tests.
Seasonality OF Respiratory Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

We propose that a reservoir of respiratory viruses in clumps of micro-sized dust exists in tropospheric clouds from which virions can be seasonally released into the lower atmosphere and thence to ground level. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Seasonal Influenza and Human Para Influenza Virus (HPIV) are all diseases that fall in this category, including SARS-CoV-2. The seasonal incidence of disease at ground level would appear to be patchy over distance scales that are largely dictated by viral-laden dust cloud size modulated by scales of atmospheric turbulence. This could produce clustering of cases in space and time that has given rise to ‘contagion’ concepts of community spread and of superspreaders.
Globally coherent short duration magnetic field transients and their effect on ground based gravitational-wave detectors (2017)

International audience
Dynamic Neighbor Cell List Management for Handover Optimization in LTE (2011)

Self-optimization of the neighbor cell list (NCL) is expected to improve handover performance and reduce the need for site surveys. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) has introduced automatic neighbor relation (ANR), which enables a base station to manage neighbor cells on the basis of measurements made by mobiles. Because the radio coverage changes during network operations, it is essential to immediately update the NCL to improve handover performance, especially when the number of measured neighbor cells exceeds the upper limit of NCL size. In this paper, we propose a dynamic NCL management scheme to enhance NCL convergence and alleviate missing neighbor problems. The proposed scheme gives higher priority to newly detected neighbor cells over existing cells and ensures fast and accurate NCL updates after radio coverage changes. According to the LTE network simulations, the proposed scheme provides 70% faster recovery of the average radio link failure rate due to the missing neighbors compared with the non-prioritized scheme. It was also confirmed that the duration of missing neighbors is reduced by 39% on average.
Random, Statistical, Alternating, and Periodic Copolymers (2017)

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated.
MEDICION DE FRACCION DE VOLUMEN DE GAS Y TASA DE FLUJO CON SISTEMA DE ABRAZADERA Y DETECCION SONAR EN APLICACIONES INDUSTRIALES (2005)

Se describe una tecnologia de medicion de tipo abrazadera y de deteccion sonar para la medicion simultanea de la tasa de flujo volumetrico y la velocidad del sonido del flujo. La tecnologia expuesta utiliza tecnicas de procesamiento de generacion sonar para realizar dos mediciones independientes que caracterizan el flujo del proceso, cada una de ellas adecuada para flujos unicos y de multifase. Primeramente el medidor entrega el flujo volumetrico midiendo la velocidad a la que las presiones generadas por el flujo en condiciones normales convectan en un arreglo de sensores abrazados a la caneria de proceso. Por otra parte, el medidor entrega informacion de composicion al medir la velocidad a la que se propagan las ondas de sonido normalmente a traves del flujo de proceso utilizando los mismos sensores de abrazadera. Medir la velocidad del sonido de un flujo de proceso utilizando esta tecnica sonar es analogo a medir la densidad del flujo de proceso y ademas tiene muchas aplicaciones basadas en su composicion. Un ejemplo basico de esto es utilizar la velocidad de sonido del proceso para medir con precision la cantidad de gases atrapados en mezclas continuas de liquido.
Engineering the synthesis of silica–gold nano-urchin particles using continuous synthesis (2014)

Compared to freestanding nanoparticles, supported nanostructures typically show better mechanical stability as well as ease of handling. Unique shapes such as core–shells, raspberries and crescents have been developed on supported materials to gain improved chemical and optical properties along with versatility and tunability. We report the formation of hyper-branched gold structures on silica particles, silica–gold nano-urchin (SGNU) particles. Kinetic control of crystallization, fast mass transfer as well as a bumped surface morphology of the silica particles are important factors for the growth of gold branches on the silica support. Using a microfluidic platform, continuous synthesis of SGNUs is achieved with increased reaction rate (less than 12 min of residence time), better controllability and reproducibility than that obtained in batch synthesis. The hyper-branched gold structures display surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly (2004)

Electrostatic assembly of multilayered thin films through sequential adsorption of polyions in layer-by-layer fashion utilizes the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged molecules. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of multilayers of flexible polyelectrolytes around a charged spherical particle. Our simulations establish that the charge reversal after each deposition step is a crucial factor for the steady layer growth. The multilayers appear to be nonequilibrium structures.
Systematic Study of Surface Chemistry and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Tertiary Current Distribution Model for Copper Electrochemical Deposition (2006)

We present a two-dimensional, transient, tertiary current-distribution model for copper electrochemical deposition, with detailed surface chemistry kinetics for the model system of copper deposition with three representative additives; polyethylene glycol, bis-(sodium sulfopropyl) disulfide, and hydrogen chloride. Values of kinetic parameters are extracted from statistically designed rotating-disk-electrode experiments using a transport-reaction model of the experimental system. The resulting surface chemistry description is combined with fundamental conservation laws, including transient mass transport, momentum transport, and potential distribution, to form the tertiary current distribution model. Two-dimensional finite element simulations of this model provide new insight into causes of film thickness variations across the wafer, including large potential variations originating from the initial seed-layer thickness (terminal effect), a nonuniform mass-transport boundary-layer thickness resulting from cell geometry, and fluctuations in the additive concentrations. An application of pulse plating is also explored. The surface chemistry and the tertiary current distribution models could potentially form useful tools for design and optimization of copper electrochemical deposition processes.
Evaluation of APMP and BCTMP for market pulps from South American eucalyptus (1999)

Eucalyptus grows fast, and it has been used in mechanical pulping for years. However, its wood is darker than North American aspen. To be used for tissue and printing and writing grades, the eucalyptus pulp will have to reach brightnesses of 85% ISO or higher. In this study, E. grandis from Argentina and E. grandis and E. saligna from Paraguay were used as sources of fiber. Pulps were produced by two processes, APMP (alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping) and BCTMP (CTMP with post bleaching). These two processes were compared for energy consumption, pulp property development, effluent characteristics, and post bleachability. The pulps from the three fiber sources were similar in the way they responded to changes in process conditions. All three demonstrated good potential for high-brightness grades. The APMP and CTMP processes are comparable in energy consumption, pulp strength development, and effluent loading. However, BCTMP produced more COD discharge than did APMP at the same final brightness. Furthermore, it was difficult to bleach the CTMP pulp to 85% ISO, but the APMP pulp could be bleached to 89% ISO when the bleaching chemicals were properly distributed over two stages of chip impregnation.
A Classification of Contour Deformities after Bariatric Weight Loss: The Pittsburgh Rating Scale (2005)

The Pittsburgh Rating Scale is a validated measure of contour deformities after bariatric weight loss. This scale may have applications in preoperative planning and evaluating surgical outcomes.
ON-Resistance in Vertical Power FinFETs (2019)

This paper presents the first analytical model for the ON-resistance (RON) in vertical power FinFETs. The model allows to extract the channel mobility and series resistance and to separate the current conduction through the bulk fin channel and the accumulation-mode metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) channel. The model was validated by experiments and simulations. The extracted series resistance was verified by measuring a diode fabricated in the same wafer with the FinFETs. At the same time, simulations using the extracted channel mobility and series resistance agreed well with the experiments. The model was then used to analyze a 1200 V GaN vertical power FinFET. The main RON component was identified to be from the drift layer and the substrate, while the gate-modulated channel resistance only accounts for ~13% of the total device RON. Our model enables parameter extraction from the dc characteristics of a single device, and therefore, provides a fast and easy way to understand, analyze, and design vertical power FinFETs. Our model can also be adjusted to allow for fast and accurate parameter extraction in other power transistors with a vertical gate-modulated channel, such as trench MOSFETs.
AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF SOLUTES FROM FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE) ASSISTED BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD (2008)

ABSTRACT Aqueous nonthermal extraction was performed from thin and coarse fennel gratings of seven different sizes in order to obtain extracts, which could be used as natural food preservatives (antioxidants). A moderate pulsed electric field (PEF) with different intensities, E = 0–600 V/cm, and number of pulses, n = 0–850, was used to electropermeabilize the cell membranes and to accelerate the following extraction. The optimal parameters of PEF were found for each size of grating to maximize the yield of solutes. Extract turbidity and color were evaluated. Additionally, the thermal extraction from coarse gratings was studied at different temperatures (60–90C). The concentration of vitamins C and E in extracts, obtained with thermal and PEF treatments, was estimated. The PEF treatment was more effective for coarse gratings (the juice yield increased from 60 to 98%, and the obtained extracts were less turbid and less colored) than for thin gratings. Furthermore, extracts obtained from coarse gratings treated by PEF contained more vitamins C and E than extracts obtained by thermal extraction. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Researches presented in this article should find their entire practical application in the field of food industries. They will permit preparation of fennel extracts, used as food preservatives (antioxidants), by PEF‐assisted aqueous extraction, which preserves better antioxidant substances. Extracts should be of good quality and the energy consumption should be reasonable.
Capacity of the discrete-time AWGN channel under output quantization (2008)

We investigate the limits of communication over the discrete-time additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, when the channel output is quantized using a small number of bits. We first provide a proof of our recent conjecture on the optimality of a discrete input distribution in this scenario. Specifically, we show that for any given output quantizer choice with K quantization bins (i.e., a precision of log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> K bits), the input distribution, under an average power constraint, need not have any more than K + 1 mass points to achieve the channel capacity. The cutting-plane algorithm is employed to compute this capacity and to generate optimum input distributions. Numerical optimization over the choice of the quantizer is then performed (for 2-bit and 3-bit symmetric quantization), and the results we obtain show that the loss due to low-precision output quantization, which is small at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as expected, can be quite acceptable even for moderate to high SNR values. For example, at SNRs up to 20 dB, 2-3 bit quantization achieves 80-90% of the capacity achievable using infinite-precision quantization.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships in 2‐Aminodiphenylsulfides Against Trypanothione Reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low-cost In-ground Soil Moisture Sensing with Radar Backscatter Tags (2021)

Despite decades of research confirming the benefits, most farms do not incorporate soil moisture sensing into their irrigation practices. Soil moisture sensing can be broken into two broad approaches, both of which have drawbacks. In situ sensors are installed in the ground, tend to be difficult to deploy and maintain, and have high costs. Remote-sensing based approaches use radars to infer soil moisture from surface reflection properties. While completely wireless, remote sensing suffers from lower resolution and accuracy compared to in situ sensing. We propose a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of both. This paper introduces the idea of using inexpensive in situ backscatter tags with above-ground radars, which enables completely wireless soil moisture measurements with high-accuracy and high-resolution. Our key idea is introducing a simple, power efficient modulation scheme that enables commodity radars to easily detect and range the underground tag. We have benchmarked our approach against oven-based, industry-standard ground-truth measurements and demonstrated that, at a realistic depth and across several types of soil, we achieve a 90th percentile error of 3.4%, which is the same accuracy as state-of-the-art in situ sensors. We also demonstrate that our approach works with similar accuracy at a real farm.
Two Inactive Fragments of the Integral RNA Cooperate To Assemble Active Telomerase with the Human Protein Catalytic Subunit (hTERT) In Vitro (1999)

We have mapped the 5' and 3' boundaries of the region of the human telomerase RNA (hTR) that is required to produce activity with the human protein catalytic subunit (hTERT) by using in vitro assembly systems derived from rabbit reticulocyte lysates and human cell extracts. The region spanning nucleotides +33 to +325 of the 451-base hTR is the minimal sequence required to produce levels of telomerase activity that are comparable with that made with full-length hTR. Our results suggest that the sequence approximately 270 bases downstream of the template is required for efficient assembly of active telomerase in vitro; this sequence encompasses a substantially larger portion of the 3' end of hTR than previously thought necessary. In addition, we identified two fragments of hTR (nucleotides +33 to +147 and +164 to +325) that cannot produce telomerase activity when combined separately with hTERT but can function together to assemble active telomerase. These results suggest that the minimal sequence of hTR can be divided into two sections, both of which are required for de novo assembly of active telomerase in vitro.
Motivations and methods for text simplification (1996)

Long and complicated sentences prove to be a stumbling block for current systems relying on NL input. These systems stand to gain from methods that syntactically simplify such sentences. To simplify a sentence, we need an idea of the structure of the sentence, to identify the components to be separated out. Obviously a parser could be used to obtain the complete structure of the sentence. However, full parsing is slow and prone to failure, especially on complex sentences. In this paper, we consider two alternatives to full parsing which could be used for simplification. The first approach uses a Finite State Grammar (FSG) to produce noun and verb groups while the second uses a Supertagging model to produce dependency linkages. We discuss the impact of these two input representations on the simplification process.
Cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with ethylene over methyltrioxorhenium supported on ZnAl2O4 as a heterogeneous catalyst (2020)

A new heterogeneous catalyst system for the cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with ethylene was investigated based on methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) grafted on the spinel-type mesoporous ZnAl2O4 in the absence of chloride for the first time. NH3 TPD spectra revealed that the number of Lewis acid sites of ZnAl2O4 decreased significantly after MTO grafting, thereby demonstrating that the Lewis acid sites of the ZnAl2O4 support are involved in the binding to MTO. Notably, the MTO grafted on ZnAl2O4 catalyst exhibited a good catalytic activity, producing only the desired cross-metathesis products of 1-decene and methyl 9-decenoate.