gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of driving mode on RTD-fluxgate performances [magnetometers] (2004)

We present analytical and experimental results on fluxgate magnetometers that make use of a readout technique based on residence times. Our approach, exploiting the inherent nonlinear character of the bistable core dynamics, is based on the time domain characterization of the transitions between the two saturation states of the hysteresis loop that is inherent in the ferromagnetic core dynamics. This readout technique can be implemented with bias signals, either sinusoidal or triangular, having lower amplitude and frequency than those used in conventional fluxgate processing schemes, thus reducing the device power requirements. The efficacy of this strategy is shown through an analytical approach and via experimental results which suggest guidelines for optimal device design and realization. The experiments have been carried out on a miniaturized laboratory fluxgate prototype; this device shows numerous desirable characteristics, including very good sensitivity and resolution, as well as ease of operation and a very low cost.
Compact Modeling of the Transient Carrier Trap/Detrap Characteristics in Polysilicon TFTs (2015)

An investigation of the carrier trapping influence on device characteristics in poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) is reported. Particular focus is laid on the transient characteristics, which is influenced by the carrier trapping during the device operation. On the basis of these features, a compact model for TFT-circuit simulation has been developed, which considers the dynamically changing time constant of the carrier trapping in the framework of a complete surface-potential description, thus enabling modeling the dynamically varying trapped carrier density. The compact model is verified against measured characteristics of repeated switching.
Predicting microbial growth (2014)

Integration of a plethora of genomic and biochemical data enables large-scale prediction of cellular functions
On the Feasibility of Distributed Beamforming in Wireless Networks (2007)

Energy efficient communication is a fundamental problem in wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of a distributed beamforming approach to this problem, with a cluster of distributed transmitters emulating a centralized antenna array so as to transmit a common message signal coherently to a distant base station. The potential SNR gains from beamforming are well-known. However, realizing these gains requires synchronization of the individual carrier signals in phase and frequency. In this paper we show that a large fraction of the beamforming gains can be realised even with imperfect synchronization corresponding to phase errors with moderately large variance. We present a master-slave architecture where a designated master transmitter coordinates the synchronization of other (slave) transmitters for beamforming. We observe that the transmitters can achieve distributed beamforming with minimal coordination with the base station using channel reciprocity. Thus, inexpensive local coordination with a master transmitter makes the expensive communication with a distant base station receiver more efficient. However, the duplexing constraints of the wireless channel place a fundamental limitation on the achievable accuracy of synchronization. We present a stochastic analysis that demonstrates the robustness of beamforming gains with imperfect synchronization, and demonstrate a tradeoff between synchronization overhead and beamforming gains. We also present simulation results for the phase errors that validate the analysis
Investigation of Real-Valued Spreading Sequences for DSSS and PSSS (2021)

This paper investigates signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance and hardware complexity of real-valued spreading sequences, which have all sequence coefficients defined in the real domain (). These particular sequences can be employed for both direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and parallel sequence spread spectrum (PSSS). The simulation results reveal that real-valued sequences allow reducing the resulting peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in PSSS systems. Moreover, the cyclic-autocorrelation mainlobe amplitude maximization does not bring any advantages in DSSS and PSSS. Thus, more effort can be spent generating sequences with other specific characteristics than searching for the optimal sequence with respect to cyclic-autocorrelation mainlobe. Employing real-valued sequences gives a new dimension for optimization. The domain of possible sequences is probably unlimited, and parameters like power consumption, chip area, PAPR can be directly optimized at the sequence coefficients level.
Structural analysis of cancer-relevant TCR-CD3 and peptide-MHC complexes by cryoEM (2022)

Abstract The recognition of antigenic peptide-MHC (pMHC) molecules by T-cell receptors (TCR) initiates the T-cell mediated immune response. Structural characterization is key for understanding the specificity of TCR-pMHC interactions and informing the development of therapeutics. Despite the rapid rise of single particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM), x-ray crystallography has remained the preferred method for structure determination of TCR-pMHC complexes. Here, we report cryoEM structures of two distinct full-length α/β TCR-CD3 complexes bound to their pMHC ligand, the cancer-testis antigen HLA-A2/MAGEA4 (230-239). We also determined cryoEM structures of pMHCs containing MAGEA4 (230-239) peptide and the closely related MAGEA8 (232-241) peptide in the absence of TCR, which provided a structural explanation for the MAGEA4 preference displayed by the TCRs. These findings provide insights into the TCR recognition of a clinically relevant cancer antigen and demonstrate the utility of cryoEM for high-resolution structural analysis of TCR-pMHC interactions.
Abstract MP257: Dual Actions Of β 2 Ar-agonism Confer Protection Against Heart Failure And Renal Dysfunction Via Inotropic And Lusitropic Effects And Normalized Cholesterol Homeostasis In A Mouse Model Of Alport Syndrome (2021)

Background: Col4a3 -/- Alport mice present a model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) wherein etiological relationships have been established between hypertension, pulmonary edema, inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction and underlying abnormalities of elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression, excess LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubules. HFpEF is characteristically unresponsive to pharmacological intervention. Here, we tested the hypothesis that selective β 2 -Adrenoceptor (β 2 AR) modulation with salbutamol, a short-acting β 2 AR agonist, could alleviate symptoms of CKD and simultaneously augment cardiac function. Secondarily, we investigated the mechanism of actions of such β 2 AR-mediated therapeutics on cardiac and renal functions. Methods: Alport mice were injected intraperitoneally with salbutamol or DMSO vehicle as a single bolus of 200μg/dose in short-term studies or daily with 100 μg/dose for 2 weeks long-term. Cardiac and renal functions, cAMP levels, in vivo renal tubular LDL-C uptake and renal histology were evaluated post-injection. In vitro mechanistic studies were performed in HK-2, Alport dog smooth muscle and tubular epithelial cells differentiated from Alport patient-derived iPSCs. Protein-protein interactions were studied using co-immunoprecipitation experiments and LDL-C uptake was measured by live-cell imaging. Results: Short-term, salbutamol improved renal function in parallel with decreased LDLR levels and reduced uptake of LDL-C into renal tubules. Long-term, cardiac diastolic function assessed by isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), filling pressures (E/E’), and myocardial performance index, and systolic function reflected by ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output improved significantly in parallel with increased cardiac cAMP. Mechanistically, in the kidney, salbutamol activated IDOL and hence lysosomal ubiquitination and degradation of LDLR via a novel β 2 AR-mediated, cAMP-independent pathway involving the Rac1/Cdc42 β 1 PixGEF. β 1 Pix reversibly sequesters IDOL into a complex with LDLR, thereby blocking the degradation pathway. β 2 AR stimulation dissipates the complex reactivating IDOL-mediated LDLR degradation thereby re-establishing LDL-C homeostasis and renal function. Using flow cytometry in HEK293T cells, ectopic expression of bPix stabilized membrane LDLR, sensitive to IDOL- but not PCSK-mediated degradation. Conclusions: β 2 AR agonism represents a potential treatment strategy to alleviate progression of CKD and heart failure associated with HFpEF phenogroup 3.
<title>Conditional artificial dielectrics: optically controlled microstrip structures</title> (1993)

Artificial dielectric materials are dielectrics in which other dielectrics or conductors are embedded to achieve different, effective dielectric properties. In the experiment, transmission lines embedded with suspended GaAs crystallites were used. The effective dielectric constant was changing upon illuminating the strip-line with light.
Frequency and phenotypic spectrum of germline mutations in POLE and seven other polymerase genes in 266 patients with colorectal adenomas and carcinomas (2014)

In a number of families with colorectal adenomatous polyposis or suspected Lynch syndrome/HNPCC, no germline alteration in the APC, MUTYH, or mismatch repair (MMR) genes are found. Missense mutations in the polymerase genes POLE and POLD1 have recently been identified as rare cause of multiple colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, a condition termed polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis (PPAP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical relevance and phenotypic spectrum of polymerase germline mutations. Therefore, targeted sequencing of the polymerase genes POLD1, POLD2, POLD3, POLD4, POLE, POLE2, POLE3 and POLE4 was performed in 266 unrelated patients with polyposis or fulfilled Amsterdam criteria. The POLE mutation c.1270C>G;p.Leu424Val was detected in four unrelated patients. The mutation was present in 1.5% (4/266) of all patients, 4% (3/77) of all familial cases and 7% (2/30) of familial polyposis cases. The colorectal phenotype in 14 affected individuals ranged from typical adenomatous polyposis to a HNPCC phenotype, with high intrafamilial variability. Multiple colorectal carcinomas and duodenal adenomas were common, and one case of duodenal carcinoma was reported. Additionally, various extraintestinal lesions were evident. Nine further putative pathogenic variants were identified. The most promising was c.1306C>T;p.Pro436Ser in POLE. In conclusion, a PPAP was identified in a substantial number of polyposis and familial colorectal cancer patients. Screening for polymerase proofreading mutations should therefore be considered, particularly in unexplained familial cases. The present study broadens the phenotypic spectrum of PPAP to duodenal adenomas and carcinomas, and identified novel, potentially pathogenic variants in four polymerase genes.
Reovirus infection triggers inflammatory responses to dietary antigens and development of celiac disease (2017)

Viral infections have been proposed to elicit pathological processes leading to the initiation of T helper 1 (T<sub>H</sub>1) immunity against dietary gluten and celiac disease (CeD). To test this hypothesis and gain insights into mechanisms underlying virus-induced loss of tolerance to dietary antigens, we developed a viral infection model that makes use of two reovirus strains that infect the intestine but differ in their immunopathological outcomes. Reovirus is an avirulent pathogen that elicits protective immunity, but we discovered that it can nonetheless disrupt intestinal immune homeostasis at inductive and effector sites of oral tolerance by suppressing peripheral regulatory T cell (pT<sub>reg</sub>) conversion and promoting T<sub>H</sub>1 immunity to dietary antigen. Initiation of T<sub>H</sub>1 immunity to dietary antigen was dependent on interferon regulatory factor 1 and dissociated from suppression of pT<sub>reg</sub> conversion, which was mediated by type-1 interferon. Last, our study in humans supports a role for infection with reovirus, a seemingly innocuous virus, in triggering the development of CeD.
New Synthetic Routes for 1‐Benzyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane and 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane‐1‐acetic Acid Ethyl Ester, Important Starting Materials for Metal‐Coded DOTA‐Based Affinity Tags. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enzyme Catalyzed 2-D Polymerization of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives on a Langmuir-Blodgett Through (1992)

Previous studies have shown that polymeric materials may be synthesized from substituted phenols and aromatic amine compounds through a Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme catalyzed reaction in the bulk. We have developed a novel approach for this enzyme mediated polymer synthesis which involves in-situ polymerization using a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Here, the LB technique is used to organize and manipulate the reactants during polymerization at the molecular level. This methodology provides direct control over the resulting structure, order and orientation of the final polymeric material. This enhanced control leads to improved processability, tensile strength, and functional properties for the polymers. This new synthetic approach and the resultant ordered polymer product can form the basis for intelligent material design. Langmuir-Blodgett, Horseradish peroxidase, Aromatic amine, Enzyme, Phenol.
Opportunities and Risks of Using Heliox in Your Clinical Practice (2006)

Helium-oxygen mixture (heliox) has been advocated for clinical use since 1934, and there has been a growing array of clinical applications. Until recently, administering heliox has required jury-rigging by modifications and/or extension of available devices not designed for use with heliox. This paper reviews devices required to administer heliox and considers how devices designed to deliver air and/or oxygen have been adapted for use with heliox. Use of devices outside of their design limits adds risk and liability, whereas using Food-and-Drug-Administration cleared devices for heliox administration reduces the risk and liability.
Bound states in the continuum in low-contrast fiber Bragg gratings (2017)

In typical waveguides and optical fibers, light is confined through total internal reflection or through photonic bandgaps. Bound states in the continuum (BICs) confine light through destructive interference and promise many unique applications, yet they have never been found in optical fibers. Here, we show the existence of BICs in fibers with periodic Bragg gratings. Importantly, we find such BICs to persist even with the very small grating index contrasts that are available in typical fiber Bragg gratings. With numerical simulations and an analytical two-mode coupling analysis, we show that these BICs arise from the coupling between a high-quality-factor band and a low-quality-factor band. This finding opens the possibility of guiding light with BICs in optical fibers and their applications in fiber filters, sensors, and lasers.
EM Design Technology for Topside Antenna System Integration (2001)

ABSTRACT Topside Antenna System Integration is one of the most important technology challenges for future Navy ship designs. This is due to dual mission requirements of increasing capability while reducing the overall signatures of a ship. Often these two goals are in conflict. Because of these conflicting design issues, new and innovative techniques are required. In order to maximize performance, accurate numerical modeling and simulation are required. By using modeling and simulation tools a thorough investigation of system performance can be obtained. This information can then be used to make informed design decisions. This paper describes the design procedure and engineering tools used for Navy topside antenna system integration. The approach is an iterative process by which topside designs and antenna system architectures can be analyzed and performance assessed.
Multilayer metamaterials with mixed ferromagnetic domain core and antiferromagnetic domain wall structure (2023)

Magnetic nano-objects possess great potential for more efficient data processing, storage and neuromorphic type of applications. Using high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy synthetic antiferromagnets in the form of multilayer-based metamaterials we purposely reduce the antiferromagnetic (AF) interlayer exchange energy below the out-of-plane demagnetization energy, which controls the magnetic domain formation. As we show via macroscopic magnetometry as well as microscopic Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, in this unusual magnetic energy regime, it becomes possible to stabilize nanometer scale stripe and bubble textures consisting of ferromagnetic (FM) out-of-plane domain cores separated by AF in-plane Bloch-type domain walls. This unique coexistence of mixed FM/AF order on the nanometer scale opens so far unexplored perspectives in the architecture of magnetic domain landscapes as well as the design and functionality of individual magnetic textures, such as bubble domains with alternating chirality.
Measurement of the weak charged current structure in semileptonic b-hadron decays at the Z peak (1995)

The neutrino energy spectrum in semileptonic b-hadron decays with identified energetic electrons and muons has been measured. The observed relative energy sharing between the neutrino and the cahrged lepton is found to be well described with a W± polarization obtained from a free b-quark decay model with a (Vf-A)×(Vf-A) decay structure. The alternative of a (V+A)×(Vf-A) decay structure is excluded with a significance of more than 6 standard deviations. The possibility that hadronic corrections to the b-hadron decay destroy any W± polarization is disfavored by more than 3 standard deviations.
A decade-long silent ground subsidence hazard culminating in a metropolitan disaster in Maceió, Brazil (2021)

Ground subsidence caused by natural or anthropogenic processes affects major urban areas worldwide. Sinkhole formation and infrastructure fractures have intensified in the federal capital of Maceió (Alagoas, Brazil) since early 2018, forcing authorities to relocate affected residents and place buildings under demolition. In this study, we present a 16-year history (2004-2020) of surface displacement, which shows precursory deformations in 2004-2005, reaching a maximum cumulative subsidence of approximately 200 cm near the Mundaú Lagoon coast in November 2020. By integrating the displacement observations with numerical source modelling, we suggest that extensive subsidence can be primarily associated with the removal of localized, deep-seated material at the location and depth where salt is mined. We discuss the accelerating subsidence rates, influence of severe precipitation events on the aforementioned geological instability, and related hazards. This study suggests that feedback destabilization mechanisms may arise in evaporite systems due to anthropogenic activities, fostering enhanced and complex superficial ground deformation.
Redundancy resolution of manipulators through torque optimization (1987)

Methods for resolving kinematic redundancies of manipulators by the effect on joint torque are examined. When the generalized inverse is formulated in terms of accelerations and incorporated into the dynamics, the effect of redundancy resolution on joint torque can be directly reflected. One method chooses the joint acceleration null-space vector to minimize joint torque in a least squares sense; when the least squares is weighted by allowable torque range, the joint torques tend to be kept within their limits. Contrasting methods employing only the pseudoinverse with and without weighting by the inertia matrix are presented. The results show an unexpected stability problem during long trajectories for the null-space methods and for the inertia-weighted pseudoinverse method, but more seldom for the unweighted pseudoinverse method. Evidently, a whiplash action develops over time that thrusts the endpoint off the intended path, and extremely high torques are required to overcome these natural movement dynamics.
Robust chest x-ray quality assessment using convolutional neural networks and atlas regularization (2020)

The quality of chest radiographs is a practical issue because deviations from quality standards cost radiologists' time, may lead to misdiagnosis and hold legal risks. Automatic and reproducible assessment of the most important quality figures on every acquisition can enable a radiology department to measure, maintain, and improve quality rates on an everyday basis. A method is proposed here to automatically quantify the quality according to the aspects of (i) collimation, (ii) patient rotation, and (iii) inhalation state of a chest PA radiograph by localizing a number of anatomical features and calculating some quality figures in accordance with international standards. The anatomical features related to these quality aspects are robustly detected by a combination of three convolutional neural networks and two probabilistic anatomical atlases. An error analysis demonstrates the accuracy and robustness of the method. The implementation proposed here works in real time (less than a second) on a CPU without any GPU support.
1123 Finite Element Model of Human Spine for Idiopathic Scoliosis Analysis : Model Characteristics of Vertebral Column with Skeletal Soft Tissues (2000)

The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis is still unknown. The effects of limitation of spinal mobility in forward flexion on the development of scoliosis was studied in experimental animals. The spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae of young female rats were sutured together to make persistent limitation in the forward flexion of the spine. These findings indicated that the experimentally produced scoliosis was structural. This experimental study suggested that a limitation in the spinal mobility in forward flexion has a causative effect on the development and progress of idiopathic scoliosis. The finite element method is one of the useful methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of complex structural components. In this report, the finite element model of human spne with skeletal soft tissues is presented to describe the composite structure of human spine. The validation of the spine model is confirmed to compare the result of the clinical experiment with the analytical result by finite element model.
A 400MHz random-cycle dual-port interleaved DRAM with striped-trench capacitor (2005)

We present a 400MHz random-cycle dual-port interleaved 1.5V DRAM macro with fully sense-signal-loss compensating technologies based on noise-element breakdowns, a striped trench capacitor cell and write-before-sensing by a decoded write-bus circuit technique. The IC is implemented in a 0.15 /spl mu/m CMOS logic process.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Total TNT Concentration in NESST Formulations. (1997)

Abstract : The method is presented for the accurate determination of trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration in NESST (nonhazardous explosive for security training and testing) samples. The technique involves chloroform solvent extraction of sand adsorbed TNT, followed by quantitative analysis using liquid state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The concentration of TNT is determined by comparison of integrated peak intensities using an appropriate reference compound. Samples # KTN-01-AA and # N-01-AA were found to contain 7.1 +/- 0.2% TNT and 5.3 +/- 0.2% TNT, respectively.