gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Many flow asymptotics for TCP with ECN/RED (2003)

We briefly review the dynamics of TCP when combined with explicit congestion notification/ECN/REDrandom early detection (ECN/RED). Under the assumption that ECN/RED is utilized at the bottleneck, the TCP congestion control algorithm dynamically adjusts the size of the congestion window (the amount of unacknowledged packets in the network per round-trip) by the following mechanism. In a round-trip, if all the packets transmitted are not marked, then the size of the congestion window is increased by one packet for the next round-trip. On the other hand, if at least one packet is marked in the roundtrip, the congestion window is halved. The probability that the router will mark packets in the buffer depends on the average queue length of the time of packet arrival. The average queue length is calculated by an exponential average filter with large memory to prevent RED from reacting too fast. As a result, consecutive incoming packets into RED are marked with almost identical probability. With these dynamics in mind, we construct a simple discrete-time model which captures basic features of the interaction between TCP and ECN/RED.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐aza‐crown Ethers via Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Positive Role of the Mammalian TBPIP/HOP2 Protein in DMC1-mediated Homologous Pairing (2004)

In meiosis, homologous recombination preferentially occurs between homologous chromosomes rather than between sister chromatids, which is opposite to the bias of mitotic recombinational repair. The TBPIP/HOP2 protein is a factor that ensures the proper pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. In the present study, we found that the purified mouse TBPIP/HOP2 protein stimulated homologous pairing catalyzed by the meiotic DMC1 recombinase in vitro. In contrast, TBPIP/HOP2 did not stimulate homologous pairing by RAD51, which is another homologous pairing protein acting in both meiotic and mitotic recombination. The positive effect of TBPIP/HOP2 in the DMC1-mediated homologous pairing was only observed when TBPIP/HOP2 first binds to double-stranded DNA, not to single-stranded DNA, before the initiation of the homologous pairing reaction. Deletion analyses revealed that the C-terminal basic region of TBPIP/HOP2 is required for efficient DNA binding and is also essential for its homologous pairing stimulation activity. Therefore, these results suggest that TBPIP/HOP2 directly binds to DNA and functions as an activator for DMC1 during the homologous pairing step in meiosis.
Polymers for Concrete Modification – Interactions and Application Properties (2013)

Concrete is globally the most widely used construction material featuring outstanding properties as e.g. high mechanical strength, global availability, low cost and high durability if properly made. However, concrete exhibits also numerous intrinsic drawbacks as e.g. low tensile strength, poor elasticity, in many cases poor adhesion to various substrates and the formation of cracks and thus reduced durability. Many if not all of these drawbacks can be compensated by the addition of environmentally friendly water-based polymer dispersions. This article focuses on the fundamental understanding of the interaction of polymers with the other components in concrete, and its impact on the properties of latex-modified concrete (LMC), such as rheology, mechanical properties, adhesion, abrasion resistance etc. As a practical example the application of LMC in North American bridge deck overlays is discussed. Special attention is thereby paid to concrete mix designs, performance enhancement and the durability of these materials in the field.
Supplemental Figure legends from A Synthetic Lethal Screen Reveals Enhanced Sensitivity to ATR Inhibitor Treatment in Mantle Cell Lymphoma with ATM Loss-of-Function (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure legends. Supplemental Figure 1. Kinase selectivity profile of ATRi. Supplemental Figure 2. Screening of inhibitors in cellular γ-H2AX assay in U2OS cells. Supplemental Figure 3. Flow cytometry profiles assessing γ-H2AX response to compare antimetabolite combinations with a fixed concentration of ATRi in U2OS cells. Supplemental Figure 4. γ-H2AX response and cell viability following ATRi treatment in U2OS cells. Supplemental Figure 5. In vivo pharmacokinetics and γ-H2AX pharmacodynamics of ATRi in GRANTA-519 (ATM mut) MCL tumor xenograft model.&lt;/p&gt;
Co-immunization with adenosine deaminase rescues age-associated impairment of SARS-COV-2 synDNA vaccine-induced responses (2021)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a global pandemic claiming over 2 million lives and infecting over 100 million people. Elderly patients display increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Vaccine candidates have been studied and deployed in the clinic. However, age-associated immune deficits are known to cause sub-optimal responses, and the longevity of vaccine-induced responses is under investigation. Germinal center follicular helper T cells (TFH) promote affinity maturation of B cell receptors and memory B cell differentiation and are defined by expression of adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1). We investigated the adjuvant properties of plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase (pADA) in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 spike synDNA antigens. Young and aged mice were immunized with plasmid-encoded spike (pS) alone or co-immunized with pS and pADA and cellular and humoral responses were evaluated. When immunized with pS alone, aged mice had decreased spike-binding IgG and neutralization titers. However, young and aged animals co-immunized with pADA had similar humoral responses. We observed similar trends in serum antibody affinity as measured by SPR. pADA co-immunization also rescued age-associated decreases in spike-specific IFNy secretion in the spleens and lungs of co-immunized aged mice as measured by ELISpot. Finally, preliminary data analysis indicates that co-immunization with pADA significantly impacts viral load in a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that pADA enhances antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity in aged mice and supports further study of this molecule as an immunoadjuvant for vaccines targeting elderly populations.
Optimized photonics: from on-chip nonclassical light sources to circuits (2018)

Quantum emitters in semiconductors, such as quantum dots and color centers, have been used to demonstrate nonclassical light sources with high purity, indistinguishability, and efficiency. Further improvements can be achieved by employing photonics optimization techniques.
Chameleon: Application Controlled Power Management with Performance Isolation (2004)

In this paper, we present Chameleon—an application controlled dynamic voltage and frequency scaling approach for reducing energy consumption in mobile processors that see multimedia workloads. Our approach exports the entire responsibility of power management to the application level. Since multimedia applications impose soft real-time constraints, a key goal of our approach is to reduce energy consumption of such applications without degrading performance. We propose an operating system interface that can be used by Chameleon-aware applications to achieve energy savings and demonstrate its effectiveness for three common applications—a video decoder, a video conferencing tool, and a web browser. We implement our approach in the Linux kernel running on a Sony Transmeta laptop. Our experiments show that, compared to the traditional system-wide CPU voltage scaling approaches, our technique can achieve up to 34 − 50% energy savings while delivering comparable or better performance to applications, and Chameleon is also more effective at scheduling a mix of concurrent applications with diverse energy needs.
Synthesis, Opioid Receptor Binding, and Bioassay of Naltrindole Analogues Substituted in the Indolic Benzene Moiety (1998)

A series of analogues of the delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (1) possessing a phenyl, phenoxy, or benzyloxy group at the 4'-, 5'-, 6'-, or - 7'-positions (4-15) and a 2-(2-pyridinyl)ethenyl group at the 5'-position (16) on the indolic benzene ring were synthesized through Fischer indolization of naltrexone. Compounds 4-16 were evaluated for their affinities in opioid receptor binding assays in rat or guinea pig brain membranes and for their opioid antagonist and agonist activities in vitro on the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparations. All of the compounds displayed delta selectivity in binding to the delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors. The binding potencies of most of the compounds at the delta, mu, and kappa sites, however, were lower than that of 1. Among positional isomers, the 7'-substituted compounds in general had higher affinities than 6'-, 5'-, or 4'-substituted analogues, indicating that bulky groups are tolerated better at the 7'-position than at other positions. The affinity of the compounds were also determined at putative subtypes of the delta and kappa receptors: deltacx-1 (mu-like), deltacx-2 (delta-like), and the kappa2b site in an attempt to identify subtype selective agents. Although none were identified, the data revealed a different rank-order of potency beteween mu vs deltacx-1, deltacx-2 vs delta, and the kappa2b vs mu, delta, and kappa1. The antagonist potencies of the compounds in the MVD were in agreement with their binding affinities at the delta site in rat brain membrane. The most potent member of the series, the 7'-phenoxy compound 14, binds to the delta site with a Ki of 0.71 nM, shows >40-fold delta over mu and delta over kappa binding selectivity, and exhibits delta receptor antagonist potency in the MVD with a Ke of 0.25 nM, properties which are comparable to the delta receptor affinity and antagonist potency of naltrindole (Ki = 0.29 nM, Ke = 0. 49 nM). Interestingly, many members of the series were found to possess significant partial to full agonist activities in the MVD (6, 9, 10, 13, 16) or GPI (6, 11, 14, 15). Among the compounds studied, the highest agonist activity in the MVD was displayed by 16 (IC50 = 220 nM), and the highest agonist activity in the GPI was displayed by 14 (IC50 = 450 nM). The overall affinity and activity profile of compound 14 is, therefore, that of a nonpeptide ligand possessing mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist properties. Recently there has been considerable interest in such compounds possessing mu agonist/delta antagonist activities because of their potential therapeutic usefulness as analgesics with low propensity to produce tolerance and dependence side effects. The results of the present study suggest that morphinan derivatives related to 16 and 14 may provide useful leads for the development of potent nonpeptide ligands possessing delta agonist or mixed delta antagonist/mu agonist activities.
Intratumoral heterogeneity as a source of discordance in breast cancer biomarker classification (2016)

Intratumoral biomarker heterogeneity may impact breast cancer classification accuracy, with implications for clinical management. Both manually confirmed biomarker heterogeneity and misclassification of biomarker status by automated image analysis contribute to discordant biomarker status between TMA cores. Given that manually confirmed heterogeneity is uncommon (<10 % of cases), large studies are needed to study the impact of heterogeneous biomarker expression on breast cancer classification and outcomes.
Comment on “Explanation of the Inverse Doppler Effect Observed in Nonlinear Transmission Lines” (2006)

A Comment on the Letter by Alexander B. Kozyrev and Daniel W. van der Weide, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 203902 (2005). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Received 5 August 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.069402©2006 American Physical Society
Parallel eyes (2016)

Our research explores how humans can understand and develop viewing behaviors with mutual paralleled first person view sharing in which a person can see others' first person video perspectives as well as their own perspective in realtime. We developed a paralleled first person view sharing system which consists of multiple video see-through head mounted displays and an embedded eye tracking system. With this system, four persons can see four shared first person videos of each other. We then designed a simple chasing game with our view sharing system and studied the human behavior. Our results show that people can develop their viewing behaviors to understand their own physical embodiment and spatial relationship with others in complex situations. Our Insights derived from Parallel Eyes will contribute to building design experience in paralleled view sharing and exploring augmentation of human embodiment.
Dopamine receptor subtypes modulate olfactory bulb γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (1999)

The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor is the predominant Cl- channel protein mediating inhibition in the olfactory bulb and elsewhere in the mammalian brain. The olfactory bulb is rich in neurons containing both GABA and dopamine. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are also highly expressed in this brain region with a distinct and complementary distribution pattern. This distribution suggests that dopamine may control the GABAergic inhibitory processing of odor signals, possibly via different signal-transduction mechanisms. We have observed that GABAA receptors in the rat olfactory bulb are differentially modulated by dopamine in a cell-specific manner. Dopamine reduced the currents through GABA-gated Cl- channels in the interneurons, presumably granule cells. This action was mediated via D1 receptors and involved phosphorylation of GABAA receptors by protein kinase A. Enhancement of GABA responses via activation of D2 dopamine receptors and phosphorylation of GABAA receptors by protein kinase C was observed in mitral/tufted cells. Decreasing or increasing the binding affinity for GABA appears to underlie the modulatory effects of dopamine via distinct receptor subtypes. This dual action of dopamine on inhibitory GABAA receptor function in the rat olfactory bulb could be instrumental in odor detection and discrimination, olfactory learning, and ultimately odotopic memory formation.
Frequency-Domain Electrothermal Impedance Spectroscopy of an Actively Switching Power Semiconductor Converter (2019)

This paper develops impedance spectroscopy for characterizing transient heat transfer in assembled power semiconductor converter systems. The method addresses limits associated with traditional methods, for e.g., data sheet transient thermal impedance curves are step responses that only characterize the junction-to-case spatial-domain segment. The presented method utilizes an actively switching semiconductor as a controlled modulator of dynamic loss (heat) injections, along with multiple temperature measurements, to form spatial electrothermal impedance frequency response function (FRF) models. Complementary investigations of numerical and analytical modeling methods yield a general, compact thermal model template, for interpreting measured FRFs. A pulsewidth modulated power converter with integrated die and heat sink temperature sensing was characterized with the spectroscopy method. Obtained ambient-referred and relative FRFs describe transient heat transfer, including fast (die-level) and slow (sink-level) modes, over frequency decades with coherence. The FRFs were parameterized and interpreted using the derived compact thermal model.
Distributed automation for back-feed network power restoration (2009)

SMART grid refers to electric power systems that enhance grid reliability and efficiency by automatically anticipating and responding to system disturbances. To achieve smart grid at the power distribution system level, various automatic technologies have been attempted in the areas of system metering, protection, and control. Within these technologies, automated power restoration is an important part of the Smart Grid puzzle. This paper presents an on-line method for the automated power restoration application previously described. The developed method conducts an analysis to achieve backfeed power restoration, i.e., healthy load zones that have lost power will be restored through their boundary tie switching devices from neighboring sources, and no reconfiguration beyond the tie devices will be considered. The back-feed restoration should not overload any part of the back-feeding network. (5 pages)
THE INFLUENCE OF ROTATOR CUFF DISEASE ON THE RESULTS OF SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY FOR PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS (2002)

This study demonstrates that minimally retracted or nonretracted rotator cuff tears that are limited to the supraspinatus tendon do not appreciably affect most shoulder-specific outcome parameters in shoulder arthroplasty performed for the treatment of primary osteoarthritis. Conversely, fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus and, less importantly, subscapularis musculature adversely affects many of these parameters.
Neural Oracle Search on N-BEST Hypotheses (2020)

In this paper, we propose a neural search algorithm to select the most likely hypothesis using a sequence of acoustic representations and multiple hypotheses as input. The algorithm provides a sequence level score for each audio-hypothesis pair that is obtained by integrating information from multiple sources, such as the input acoustic representations, N-best hypotheses, additional 1st-pass statistics, and unpaired textual information through an external language model. These scores are then used to map the search problem of identifying the most likely hypothesis to a sequence classification problem. The definition of the proposed algorithm is broad enough to allow its use as an alternative to beam search in the 1st-pass or as a 2nd-pass, rescoring step. This algorithm achieves up to 12% relative reductions in Word Error Rate (WER) across several languages over state-of-the-art baselines with relatively few additional parameters. We also propose the use of a binary classifier gating function that can learn to trigger the 2nd-pass neural search model when the 1-best hypothesis is not the oracle hypothesis, thereby avoiding extra computation.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Ylidenebenzenesulfonamides from Thioxoheterocycles and Phenylsulfonyl Azides. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pathogen-induced expression of a cecropin A-melittin antimicrobial peptide gene confers antifungal resistance in transgenic tobacco (2005)

Expression of defensive genes from a promoter that is specifically activated in response to pathogen invasion is highly desirable for engineering disease-resistant plants. A plant transformation vector was constructed with transcriptional fusion between the pathogen-responsive win3.12T promoter from poplar and the gene encoding the novel cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptide (CEMA) with strong antimicrobial activity. This promoter-transgene combination was evaluated in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) for enhanced plant resistance against a highly virulent pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. Transgene expression in leaves was strongly increased after fungal infection or mechanical wounding, and the accumulation of CEMA transcripts was found to be systemic and positively correlated with the number of transgene insertions. A simple and efficient in vitro regeneration bioassay for preliminary screening of transgenic lines against pathogenic fungi was developed. CEMA had strong antifungal activity in vitro, inhibiting conidia germination at concentrations that were non-toxic to tobacco protoplasts. Most importantly, the expression level of the CEMA peptide in vivo, regulated by the win3.12T promoter, was sufficient to confer resistance against F. solani in transgenic tobacco. The antifungal resistance of plants with high CEMA expression was strong and reproducible. In addition, leaf tissue extracts from transgenic plants significantly reduced the number of fungal colonies arising from germinated conidia. Accumulation of CEMA peptide in transgenic tobacco had no deleterious effect on plant growth and development. This is the first report showing the application of a heterologous pathogen-inducible promoter to direct the expression of an antimicrobial peptide in plants, and the feasibility of this approach to provide disease resistance in tobacco and, possibly, other crops.
Improving Text-to-SQL Semantic Parsing with Fine-grained Query Understanding (2022)

Most recent research on Text-to-SQL semantic parsing relies on either parser itself or simple heuristic based approach to understand natural language query (NLQ). When synthesizing a SQL query, there is no explicit semantic information of NLQ available to the parser which leads to undesirable generalization performance. In addition, without lexical-level fine-grained query understanding, linking between query and database can only rely on fuzzy string match which leads to suboptimal performance in real applications. In view of this, in this paper we present a general-purpose, modular neural semantic parsing framework that is based on token-level fine-grained query understanding. Our framework consists of three modules: named entity recognizer (NER), neural entity linker (NEL) and neural semantic parser (NSP). By jointly modeling query and database, NER model analyzes user intents and identifies entities in the query. NEL model links typed entities to schema and cell values in database. Parser model leverages available semantic information and linking results and synthesizes tree-structured SQL queries based on dynamically generated grammar. Experiments on SQUALL, a newly released semantic parsing dataset, show that we can achieve 56.8% execution accuracy on WikiTableQuestions (WTQ) test set, which outperforms the state-of-the-art model by 2.7%.
An Optical Switch-Based Self-Restored WDM-PON Architecture against Fiber Faults (2010)

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple self-restored architecture for WDM passive optical network (PON) by only adding a novel 2×2 optical switch design in each optical networking unit (ONU). By using the proposed protection architecture, the affected traffic will be restored immediately against fiber fault in the feeder and distributed fibers. Moreover, the performance of proposed self-survivable WDM-PON is also discussed and analyzed.