gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water Dynamics and Retrogradation of Ultrahigh Pressurized Wheat Starch (2006)

The water dynamics and retrogradation kinetics behavior of gelatinized wheat starch by either ultrahigh pressure (UHP) processing or heat are investigated. Wheat starch completely gelatinized in the condition of 90, 000 psi at 25 degrees C for 30 min (pressurized gel) or 100 degrees C for 30 min (heated gel). The physical properties of the wheat starches were characterized in terms of proton relaxation times (T2 times) measured using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and evaluated using commercially available continuous distribution modeling software. Different T2 distributions in both micro- and millisecond ranges between pressurized and heated wheat starch gels suggest distinctively different water dynamics between pressurized and heated wheat starch gels. Smaller water self-diffusion coefficients were observed for pressurized wheat starch gels and are indicative of more restricted translational proton mobility than is observed with heated wheat starch gels. The physical characteristics associated with changes taking place during retrogradation were evaluated using melting curves obtained with differential scanning calorimetry. Less retrogradation was observed in pressurized wheat starch, and it may be related to a smaller quantity of freezable water in pressurized wheat starch. Starches comprise a major constituent of many foods proposed for commercial potential using UHP, and the present results furnish insight into the effect of UHP on starch gelatinization and the mechanism of retrogradation during storage.
Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Hesperetin Derivatives. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Data from Colocalization of the Tetraspanins, CO-029 and CD151, with Integrins in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Impact on Cell Motility (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma have a poor prognosis due to the extraordinary high invasive capacity of this tumor. Altered integrin and tetraspanin expression is suggested to be an important factor. We recently reported that after protein kinase C activation, colocalization of α6β4 with the tetraspanin CO-029 strongly supports migration of a rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The finding led us to explore whether and which integrin-tetraspanin complexes influence the motility of human pancreatic tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Integrin and tetraspanin expression of pancreatic and colorectal adenocarcinoma was evaluated with emphasis on colocalization and the impact of integrin-tetraspanin associations on tumor cell motility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The majority of pancreatic and colorectal tumors expressed the α2, α3, α6, β1, and β4 integrins and the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, CD81, CD151, and CO-029. Expression of α6β4 and CO-029 was restricted to tumor cells, whereas α1, α2, α3, α6, β1, and CD9, CD81, CD151 were also expressed by the surrounding stroma. CD63, CD81, and β1 expression was observed at comparably high levels in healthy pancreatic tissue. α3β1 frequently colocalized and coimmunoprecipitated with CD9, CD81, and CD151, whereas α6β4 colocalized and coimmunoprecipitated mostly with CD151 and CO-029. Notably, protein kinase C activation strengthened only the colocalization of CD151 and CO-029 with β4 and was accompanied by internalization of the integrin-tetraspanin complex, decreased laminin 5 adhesion, and increased cell migration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; α6β4 is selectively up-regulated in pancreatic and colorectal cancer. The association of α6β4 with CD151 and CO-029 correlates with increased tumor cell motility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A low-profile high-gain SIW slot antenna using anisotropic zero-index metamaterial coating (2013)

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a low-profile high-gain metamaterial-assisted slot antenna is presented. Particularly, a subwavelength end-loaded dipole array is designed to realize the required anisotropic zero-index property for the 5.8 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band. This metamaterial coating, which operates based on the leaky mode it supports, is applied to a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) fed slot antenna. The resulting antenna is only 0.12λ thick, all while accomplishing a broadside gain higher than 10 dBi and a front-to-back ratio larger than 26 dB, which is ~7 dB and ~10 dB higher than that of the SIW fed slot alone. The -10 dB impedance bandwidth, which is more than 9%, is maintained the same with or without the presence of the metamaterial coating.
Air Exposure Effect on LiFePO[sub 4] (2007)

International audience
Layered Belief Propagation for Low-Complexity Large MIMO Detection Based on Statistical Beams (2019)

This paper proposes a novel layered belief propagation (BP) detector with a concatenated structure of two different BP layers for low-complexity large multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) detection based on statistical beams. To reduce the computational burden and the circuit scale on the base station (BS) side, the two-stage signal processing consisting of slow varying outer beamformer (OBF) and group-specific MU detection (MUD) for fast channel variations is effective. However, the dimensionality reduction of the equivalent channel based on the OBF results in significant performance degradation in subsequent spatial filtering detection. To compensate for the drawback, the proposed layered BP detector, which is designed for improving the detection capability by suppressing the intra- and inter-group interference in stages, is introduced as the poststage processing of the OBF. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of our proposed method in terms of the bit error rate (BER) performance and the computational complexity.
Triggering triggers and burying barriers to customizing software (2012)

General-purpose software applications are usually not tailored for a specific user with specific tasks, strategies or preferences. In order to achieve optimal performance with such applications, users typically need to transition to an alternative efficient behavior. Often, features of such alternative behaviors are not initially accessible and first need to be customized. However, few research works formally study and empirically measure what drives a user to customize. In this paper, we describe the challenges involved in empirically studying customization behaviors, and propose a methodology for formally measuring the impact of potential customization factors. We then demonstrate this methodology by studying the impact of different customization factors on customization behaviors. Our results show that increasing exposure and awareness of customization features, and adding social influence can significantly affect the user's customization behavior.
Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline (2019)

<b>Background:</b> The American Thoracic Society, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored this new practice guideline on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). The document includes recommendations on the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) as well as isoniazid-resistant but rifampin-susceptible TB.<b>Methods:</b> Published systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and a new individual patient data meta-analysis from 12,030 patients, in 50 studies, across 25 countries with confirmed pulmonary rifampin-resistant TB were used for this guideline. Meta-analytic approaches included propensity score matching to reduce confounding. Each recommendation was discussed by an expert committee, screened for conflicts of interest, according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.<b>Results:</b> Twenty-one Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes questions were addressed, generating 25 GRADE-based recommendations. Certainty in the evidence was judged to be very low, because the data came from observational studies with significant loss to follow-up and imbalance in background regimens between comparator groups. Good practices in the management of MDR-TB are described. On the basis of the evidence review, a clinical strategy tool for building a treatment regimen for MDR-TB is also provided.<b>Conclusions:</b> New recommendations are made for the choice and number of drugs in a regimen, the duration of intensive and continuation phases, and the role of injectable drugs for MDR-TB. On the basis of these recommendations, an effective all-oral regimen for MDR-TB can be assembled. Recommendations are also provided on the role of surgery in treatment of MDR-TB and for treatment of contacts exposed to MDR-TB and treatment of isoniazid-resistant TB.
Zuma-6: Phase 1-2 multicenter study evaluating safety and efficacy of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel; KTE-C19) in combination with atezolizumab in patients with refractory diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (2017)

TPS7572 Background: Approximately 1/3 of patients with DLBCL, the most common type of B-cell lymphoma, will become refractory to standard combination chemotherapy and have uniformly poor clinical outcomes (Crump, ASCO 2016). Axi-cel (autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T cell therapy) has shown promising response rates in patients with refractory DLBCL compared with standard approaches, although some patients do not respond or progress after an initial response (Locke, Mol Ther 2016). Expression of PD-L1 on DLBCL cells and activation-dependent expression of PD-1 on CAR T cells after infusion led to the hypothesis that PD-1 pathway blockade may augment the activity of axi-cel and result in improved clinical outcomes. This study will evaluate safety and efficacy of axi-cel when given with atezolizumab (anti–PD-L1 antibody), delivered sequentially, in patients with refractory DLBCL. Methods: Phase 1 will enroll ~3-9 patients to estimate the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. Phase 2 will enroll ~22 patients to evaluate safety and efficacy, with a primary endpoint of complete response (CR) rate (Cheson 2007). Secondary endpoints include key efficacy outcomes such as objective response rate (CR+partial response [PR]), duration of response, progression-free and overall survival, and safety and biomarker outcomes. Eligible adult patients will have received prior adequate therapy (including anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and an anthracycline-based regimen) and have an ECOG PS of 0-1 and adequate bone marrow and organ function. Patients with a history of Richter transformation, transformed follicular lymphoma, CNS disease, or active infection are not eligible. Patients will receive fludarabine 30 mg/m 2 /d and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 /d × 3 d, followed by a single infusion of axi-cel (target dose, 2 × 10 6 anti-CD19 CAR T cells/kg) followed by atezolizumab 1200 mg given every 21 d for 4 doses (phase 1, first dose to occur 21, 14, and 1 d after axi-cel infusion in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The study opened to accrual in September 2016. Clinical trial information: NCT02926833.
Low-Complexity Transcoding of Inter Coded Video Frames from H.264 to H.263 (2006)

The presented work addresses the reduction of computational complexity for transcoding of interframes from H.264 to H.263 baseline profiles maintaining the quality of a full search approach. This scenario aims to achieve fast backward compatible interoperability inbetween new and existing video coding platforms, e.g. between DVB-H and UMTS. By exploiting side information of the H.264 input bitstream the encoding complexity of the motion estimation is strongly reduced. Due to the possibility to divide a macroblock (MB) into partitions with different motion vectors (MV), one single MV has to be selected for H.263. It will be shown, that this vector is suboptimal for all sequences, even if all existing MVs of a MB of H.264 are compared as candidate. Also motion vector refinement with a fixed ½-pel refinement window as used by transcoders throughout the literature is not sufficient for scenes with fast movement. We propose an algorithm for selecting a suitable vector candidate from the input bitstream and this MV is then refined using an adaptive window. Using this technique, the complexity is still low at nearly optimum rate-distortion results compared to an exhaustive full-search approach.
Development of a Be-CuCrZr Bonding Process and Material Characterization. (2006)

Abstract not provided.
Autonomic tone is impaired by prolonged bedrest and sympathetic tone before bedrest predicts tolerance to tilt after bedrest (2002)

Microgravity-induced orthostatic intolerance continues to be a primary concern of the human space program. Reduced autonomic tone has been shown to contribute to this phenomenon. However, the techniques that have been utilized for quantitating autonomic tone are limited. In this paper, we present an improved, noninvasive method for quantitating distinctly parasympathetic and /spl beta/-sympathetic tone and demonstrate its validity with respect to postural changes. We then apply the method to data collected from 20 human subjects before and after exposure to simulated microgravity (16-day head down bedrest). Statistical analyses show that parasympathetic and /spl beta/-sympathetic tone are both impaired by bedrest and reduced 0-sympathetic tone before bedrest can predispose subjects to presyncope following bedrest.
Fundamental Studies on C-H Activation for Alkane Fuel Cell Applications. (1995)

Abstract : The objective of this project was to develop new chemistry that could be applied to an efficient fuel cell operating directly on organic fuels under ambient or near-ambient conditions. The report summarizes scientific accomplishments, including the discoveries that (a) soluble metal complexes offer potential advantages over traditional metal surfaces for hydrocarbon oxidation, although simultaneously optimizing the rate and potential for such oxidations (as is needed for fuel cell application) is a significant challenge that has not yet been solved; (b) direct four-electron reduction of O2 has been achieved by a catalyst capable of multiple electron transfer; and (c) a new liquid feed fuel cell that operates directly on organic fuels such as methanol, and that includes a superacidic surfactant as an important component, has achieved levels of performance that significantly improve on previous work. Also included are bibliographic information for approximately 60 publications, presentations and patents resulting from work under this grant. jg p.1
Internal Oxides as Templates for Surface Oxide Layers With High Emission Coefficient and Optimised Barrier Properties (2013)

FeCrAl alloys are known for their excellent oxidation resistance at temperatures as high as 1200°C. The oxidation limited lifetime of thin-walled FeCrAlY heating elements is governed by the depletion of the aluminium reservoir from the bulk alloy as a result of alumina scale growth, whereby the lifetime is known to strongly decrease with increasing temperature. The present investigation aims at obtaining a heating element lifetime extension by increasing the emissivity of the growing alumina scales because this would allow using a lower heating element temperature without decreasing the usable heat output. For this purpose, the oxidation mechanisms of a Zr doped FeCrAlY alloy as function of time, temperature, composition and component thickness were investigated using a combination of experimental techniques such as thermogravimetry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam technique, sputtered neutrals mass spectrometry and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The emissivity of the oxide scales was determined by measuring the reflectivity of oxidized specimens as a function of wavelength and correlated with the oxide scale morphologies as a function of initial alloy composition and pretreatment procedure. The results showed that an increased emissivity of the alumina scales as a result of a change in oxide morphology (i.e. wavy scale/alloy interface and incorporation of the Zr-oxide precipitates across the oxide scale) can be obtained by suitable Zr-doping of the alloy. The emissivity value during long term exposure at high temperatures is, however, adversely affected by depletion of Zr in the bulk alloy, especially in thin components. Increase of Zr content in the alloy showed a positive effect on the oxide scale emissivity but an adverse effect in terms of oxidation kinetics. The adverse effect, however, hardly occurs in very thin components due to the limited Zr reservoir. Therefore, an optimized high Zr content might be a promising concept for obtaining higher oxide scale emissivities and thus increased life times of thin foil heating elements typically with a thickness in the range of 50–200 µm. Pretreatment of the alloys in a H2–H2O containing atmosphere (low pO2) resulted in an increased emissivity, probably due to an increased Fe (and Cr) content in the outer part of the alumina scale. Resistance heating tests for a number of selected thin heating element foils (50 µm) revealed the suitability of increasing emissivity of alumina surface scales for life time extension. A short term (1 h, 7 h) pre-treatment at 1050°C in H2/H2O resulted in a lower oxidation rate during the subsequent air exposure at the same temperature. A similar effect was obtained by a very short (~15 minutes) air pre-treatment at 1200°C. Thus, although both pre-treatments did not substantially affect oxide scale emissivities, they offer the potential for obtaining longer life times due to reduced Al depletion kinetics.
A Rational Chemical Intervention Strategy To Circumvent Bioactivation Liabilities Associated with a Nonpeptidyl Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist Containing a 2-Amino-4-arylthiazole Motif (2007)

The current study examined the bioactivation potential of a nonpeptidyl thrombopoietin receptor agonist, 1-(3-chloro-5-((4-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)pyridine-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (1), containing a 2-carboxamido-4-arylthiazole moiety in the core structure. Toxicological risks arising from P450-catalyzed C4-C5 thiazole ring opening in 1 via the epoxidation-->diol sequence were alleviated, since mass spectrometric analysis of human liver microsome and/or hepatocyte incubations of 1 did not reveal the formation of reactive acylthiourea and/or glyoxal metabolites, which are prototypic products derived from thiazole ring scission. However, 4-(4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazol-2-amine (2), the product of hydrolysis of 1 in human liver microsomes, hepatocytes, and plasma, underwent oxidative bioactivation in human liver microsomes, since trapping studies with glutathione led to the formation of two conjugates derived from the addition of the thiol nucleophile to 2 and a thiazole- S-oxide metabolite of 2. Mass spectral fragmentation and NMR analysis indicated that the site of attachment of the glutathionyl moiety in both conjugates was the C5 position in the thiazole ring. Based on the structures of the glutathione conjugates, two bioactivation pathways are proposed, one involving beta-elimination of an initially formed hydroxylamine metabolite and the other involving direct two-electron oxidation of the electron-rich 2-aminothiazole system to electrophilic intermediates. This mechanistic insight into the bioactivation process allowed the development of a rational chemical intervention strategy that involved blocking the C5 position with a fluorine atom or replacing the thiazole ring with a 1,2,4-thiadiazole group. These structural changes not only abrogated the bioactivation liability associated with 1 but also resulted in compounds that retained the attractive pharmacological and pharmacokinetic attributes of the prototype agent.
An Efficient Large Scale Synthesis of 2-Methoxytetrahydrophenanthridine. (1998)

Abstract A practical and high yielding synthesis of 2-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrophenanthridine suitable for large-scale preparation is described.
Synthesis of 9-[1-(Substituted)-3-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine Derivatives as Possible Antiviral Agents (2005)

Acyclic N 9 adenine nucleosides substituted at C-1′ position were prepared by the Mitsunobu reaction of 1-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-4-pivaloylbutan-1,2,4-triol (5) with adenine. Pivaloyl hydroxyl was modified to the phosphonomethoxy derivatives, and the tert-butyldimethylsilyl hydroxyl was converted to methoxy, azido, amino, fluoro, and α-hydroxyethyl and was eliminated to give vinyl. The resulting phosphonic acids were converted to prodrugs also.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYZED REDUCTION OF POLYMER-BOUND NITROARENES (2002)

ABSTRACT Deposition of palladium as a catalyst on polymer beads, such as Merrifield resin or TentaGel, allows the reduction of polymer-bound 4-nitro benzoate to the corresponding anilines with dilute hydrazine hydrate solution in DMF at room temperature.
Supplementary Figure from Multifunctional mRNA-Based CAR T Cells Display Promising Antitumor Activity Against Glioblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Multifunctional mRNA-Based CAR T Cells Display Promising Antitumor Activity Against Glioblastoma
The Importance of the Mechanisms by Which Insulin Regulates Meal-Associated Liver Glucose Uptake in the Dog (2021)

Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) is critical for maintaining normal postprandial glucose metabolism. Insulin is clearly a key regulator of HGU, but the physiologic mechanisms by which it acts have yet to be established. This study sought to determine the mechanisms by which insulin regulates liver glucose uptake under postprandial-like conditions (hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and a positive portal vein-to-arterial glucose gradient). Portal vein insulin infusion increased hepatic insulin levels fivefold in healthy dogs. In one group (<i>n</i> = 7), the physiologic response was allowed to fully occur, while in another (<i>n</i> = 7), insulin's indirect hepatic effects, occurring secondary to its actions on adipose tissue, pancreas, and brain, were blocked. This was accomplished by infusing triglyceride (intravenous), glucagon (portal vein), and inhibitors of brain insulin action (intracerebroventricular) to prevent decreases in plasma free fatty acids or glucagon, while blocking increased hypothalamic insulin signaling for 4 h. In contrast to the indirect hepatic effects of insulin, which were previously shown capable of independently generating a half-maximal stimulation of HGU, direct hepatic insulin action was by itself able to fully stimulate HGU. This suggests that under hyperinsulinemic/hyperglycemic conditions insulin's indirect effects are redundant to direct engagement of hepatocyte insulin receptors.