gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics of Water-Mediated Interactions of a Linear Benzimidazole−Biphenyl Diamidine with the DNA Minor Groove (2009)

DB921 has a benzimidazole-biphenyl system with terminal amidines that gives the compound a linear conformation with a radius of curvature that does not match the DNA minor groove shape. Surprisingly, the compound binds in the groove with an unusually high equilibrium constant [Miao, Y.; Lee, M. P. H.; Parkinson, G. N.; Batista-Parra, A.; Ismail, M. A.; Neidle, S.; Boykin, D. W.; Wilson, W. D. Biochemistry 2005, 44, 14701-14708]. X-ray crystallographic analysis of DB921 bound to -AATT- in d(CGCGAATTCGCG)(2) showed that the benzimidazole is in position to directly interact with bases at the floor of the groove, while the phenylamidine of DB921 forms indirect contacts with the bases through an interfacial water. The DB921-water pair forms a curved, flexible module with a high K(a) (or a low K(d)) value of binding. To better understand the dynamics of the DB921-DNA complex and how water can be used in the design of compounds to recognize DNA, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the complex was conducted. In addition to the X-ray conformation, some significantly variant, dynamic conformations, which had additional interfacial water molecules between DB921 and DNA, appeared in the MD simulation. The benzimidazole contacts remained relatively constant through the entire simulation. The biphenylamidine end of the bound molecule, however, undergoes much larger changes in orientation relative to the floor of the groove as well as variations in the type of water interactions. The results provide an understanding of how water couples the linear DB921 compound to the minor groove for tight binding, without a large unfavorable contribution to the entropy of binding.
Marangoni transport in lipid nanotubes (2005)

We give a simple picture of transient and stationary transport in lipid nanotubes connecting two vesicles, when a difference of membrane tension is imposed at time t = 0, either by pressing one vesicle with a micro-fiber, or by adding a surplus of membrane lipid. The net result is a transport of membrane from the tense towards the floppy vesicle. In the early stage, the tube remains cylindrical, and the gradient of surface tension gives rise to two opposite flows of the internal liquid: a Marangoni flow towards the direction of high tension, and a Poiseuille flow (induced by Laplace pressures) in the opposite direction. At longer time, the tube reaches a stationary state, where curvature and Laplace pressure are balanced. Marangoni flows dominate for giant vesicles, where Laplace pressure is negligible.
Learning the Intrinsic Dimensions of the Timit Speech Database with Maximum Variance Unfolding (2009)

Modern methods for nonlinear dimensionality reduction have been used extensively in the machine learning community for discovering the intrinsic dimension of several datasets. In this paper we apply one of the most successful ones maximum variance unfolding on a big sample of the well known speech benchmark TIMIT. Although MVU is not generally scalable, we managed to apply to 1 million 39-dimensional points and successfully reduced the dimension down to 15. In this paper we apply some of the state-of-the-art techniques for handling big datasets. The biggest bottleneck is the local neighborhood computation. For 300 K points it took 9 hours while for 1 M points it took 3.5 days. We also demonstrate the weakness of MFCC representation under the k-nearest neighborhood classification since the error rate is more than 50%.
Influence of Three Specimen Fixation Modes on the Micro-tensile Bond Strength of Adhesives to Dentin (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate in how far the way the specimen is fixed to the testing device influences the micro-tensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin. Compared to a flat jig, a notched jig enables the specimen to be aligned easier and more accurately perpendicular to the interface, thereby concentrating better the tensile stress at the actual interface. A notched jig yielded a significantly higher bond strength and the graphs showed more uniform fracture curves. On the other hand, fixation of the specimen at their top and bottom guarantees a perfect perpendicular fixation to the interface, following the specimen's length-axis. The stress-time graphs revealed a completely different stress-distribution pattern. A failure closer to the dentin-composite interface was more often seen and the coefficient of variance was the lowest. Therefore, this completely newly designed top-bottom set-up produced the most reliable bond strength data.
Distinct patterns of heavy chain variable region subgroup use by human monoclonal autoantibodies of different specificity. (1988)

Using a panel of antibodies specific for H and L chain variable region subgroups, a panel of human monoclonal cold agglutinin (CA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies were analyzed. The vast majority of the two types of autoantibodies utilized VkIII L chains, many of which probably derive from the Humkv325 gene. However, while most RFs (77%) utilized VHI H chains, all the CAs used VHII subgroup H chains. These results are consistent with a model of autoantibody generation, wherein binding specificity is H chain defined in a set of antibodies that use a multipotential L chain.
A New Class of Associative Polymer for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications (2015)

Abstract Fluids used in stimulation are designed to open fractures and transport proppant along the length of the fracture. As a consequence, the rheological behavior of that fluid is very carefully designed. Throughout the past years many systems have been developed to achieve a subtle balance of properties in which the fluid initially develops a specified viscosity in the fracture, followed by rapid fluid rheology breaking and fracture cleanup at the end of the operation. In addition, a good fluid loss control is of key importance for treatment efficiency as well as for the prevention of formation damage. Current grades of derivatized guars show improved cleanup versus native guars but are still not fully satisfactory. In addition, polymer free systems based on viscoelastic surfactants (VES) have raised considerable interest due to their ease of cleanup leaving no residues in the fractures. Nevertheless, these systems still need high active concentrations to develop rheology at elevated temperature and in hard water conditions. Alternative systems based on synthetic polymers have shown increasing interest over the past years for Oil and Gas applications but their utilization as rheology modifiers in stimulation fluids are still limited. Most of their application is in polymer flooding (EOR) or friction reduction. Associative polymers based on polyacrylamide derivatives can demonstrate dramatically enhanced rheological performance over standard hydrophilic polymers. Hydrophobic associations behave like crosslinking points providing improved Proppant suspension. These crosslinking points are physical associations and can easily be disrupted just like VES with dilution or in the presence of hydrocarbons or surfactants and leave little to no residues in a Proppant pack. In order to meet challenging Oil and Gas rheological performance targets focusing on high temperature efficiency, associative polymers are here prepared using the Micellar polymerization process. This process consists of the aqueous polymerization of hydrophilic monomers in presence of micelles containing hydrophobic monomers and yields hydrophilic polymers bearing a small amount of hydrophobic groups with multiple hydrophobic monomers per group. The amounts of groups as well as the number of hydrophobes per group are can be tuned to meet rheology targets. In addition, coupling this process with a controlled radical polymerization technique affords associative polymers of significantly higher performance through the reduction of chain to chain compositional heterogeneities which are known to be a significant limitation of the Micellar polymerization process. The present study demonstrates that primary rheological performance can be met up to very high temperatures using this unique process. In addition, fluid-loss control data as well as a preliminary assessment of cleanup are presented and discussed versus classical gelling systems.
Weld strength and heat-affected zone size in friction welded NFA and CostE (2021)

Friction welding (FW) enables joining of dissimilar metals parts up to the limits of their strength. CostE and NFA are two high-temperature steel alloys used in land-based power generation. These alloys were joined with FW, and the effect of process parameters on post-welded structure and tensile strength was studied. Weld energy primarily determined the heat-affected zone (HAZ) thickness in both alloys. The highest joint efficiencies – up to 96% – resulted from contact strengthening of thin NFA HAZ regions, but too thin of a HAZ resulted in an unreliable joint. Conversely, thick HAZ regions consistently lowered the weld strength. Optimal welding conditions occur with sufficient energy to create a full bond but not so much to notably lower weld strength.
ChemInform Abstract: Neobulgarones A—F from Cultures of Neobulgaria pura, New Inhibitors of Appressorium Formation of Magnaporthe grisea (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peak Tracking Algorithm for Galileo-Based Positioning in Multipath Fading Channels (2007)

Line-of-sight (LOS) delay estimation with high accuracy is a pre-requisite for reliable location via satellite systems. The future European satellite positioning system, Galileo, uses spread-spectrum signals modulated via binary-offset-carrier (BOC) modulation. The receiver for a BOC-modulated spread spectrum signal has to cope not only with multipath effects, but also with possible lost of lock due to additional peaks in the envelope of the correlation function. Traditionally, code tracking is implemented at the receiver side via feedback delay locked loops. Feedforward methods have also been presented as alternatives for increased delay estimation accuracy, especially for short-delay multipaths. The increase in the delay estimation accuracy is typically counter-balanced by a faster mean time to lose lock (MTLL). In this paper we introduce a new algorithm, namely the peak tracking (PT) algorithm, which combines the feedback technique with the feedforward technique, in such a way that it increases the delay estimation accuracy while preserving a good MTLL.
Multi-Numerology Multiplexing and Inter-Numerology Interference Analysis for 5G (2019)

Fifth generation (5G) radio access technology (RAT) is expected to flexibly serve multiple services with extremely diverse requirements. One of the steps taken toward fulfilling this vision of the 5G-RAT is an introduction of the multi-numerology concept, where multiple frame structures with different subcarrier spacings coexist in one frequency band. Though efficient in providing the required flexibility, this approach introduces a new kind of interference into the system known as inter numerology interference (INI). This study is geared toward analyzing the INI problem considering a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (CP-OFDM) system and exposing the factors contributing to it through mathematical analyses. In-depth discussion of various critical issues concerning multi-numerology system such as frequency domain multiplexing and time domain symbol alignment for mixed numerologies is presented. Based on the findings of the conducted analyses, the paper highlights some approaches for minimizing INI in the system. The developed mathematical analysis is finally verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Processability of Atypical WC-Co Composite Feedstock by Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (2019)

Processing of tool materials for cutting applications presents challenges in additive manufacturing (AM). Processes must be carefully managed in order to promote the formation of favourable high-integrity 'builds'. In this study, for the first time, a satelliting process is used to prepare a WC<sub>M</sub>-Co (12 wt.% Co) composite. Melting trials were undertaken to evaluate the consolidation behaviour of single tracks within a single layer. Tracks with continuous and relatively uniform surface morphology were obtained. These features are essential for high-quality AM builds in order to encourage good bonding between subsequent tracks within a layer which may reduce porosity within a 3D deposition. This study elucidates the formation of track irregularities, melting modes, crack sensitivity, and balling as a function of laser scanning speed and provides guidelines for future production of WC<sub>M</sub>-Co by laser powder-bed fusion.
Space-Division Multiplexing for PON Applications (2016)

The spatial degrees of freedom afforded in few-mode and/or multi-core fibers can potentially be utilized to improve the performance of passive-optical networks. Optical and signal-processing techniques for managing crosstalk for PON in a cost-effective manner are presented.
Diels-Alder Polymers. Polyimides from a Biscyclopentadienone and Bismaleimides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDiels-Alder Polymers. Polyimides from a Biscyclopentadienone and BismaleimidesF. W. Harris and J. K. StilleCite this: Macromolecules 1968, 1, 5, 463–464Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60005a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Robust Microfluidic Technology and New Lipid Composition for Fabrication of Curcumin-Loaded Liposomes: Effect on the Anticancer Activity and Safety of Cisplatin (2019)

Curcumin exhibits potent anticancer activity via various mechanisms, but its in vivo efficacy has been hampered by poor solubility. Nanotechnology has been employed to deliver curcumin, but most of the reported systems suffered from low drug loading capacity and poor stability. Here, we report the development and optimization of a liposomal formulation for curcumin (Lipo-Cur) using an automated microfluidic technology. Lipo-Cur exhibited a mean diameter of 120 nm with a low polydispersity index (<0.2) and superior loading capacity (17 wt %) compared to other reported liposomal systems. Lipo-Cur increased the water solubility of curcumin by 700-fold, leading to 8-20-fold increased systemic exposure compared to the standard curcumin suspension formulation. When coadministered with cisplatin to tumor-bearing mice, Lipo-Cur augmented the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in multiple mouse tumor models and decreased the nephrotoxicity. This is the first report demonstrating the dual effects of curcumin enabled by a nanoformulation in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of a chemo-drug in animal models under a single and low dose administration.
Human‐enteric‐coronaviruslike particles (CVLP) with different epidemiological characteristics (1985)

One hundred fifty-six diarrheic and 115 control stools collected throughout a year from nonhospitalized children were examined by electron microscopy in Haut-Ogooué, Gabon; 65.2% of the controls and 38.5% of the diarrheics were found to contain coronavirus particles (CVLP). In both diarrheic and control groups the CVLP prevalences showed a seasonal variation whereas significant variation of prevalence with age was observed only in the controls. Thus, the CVLP in controls were significantly more abundant in children over 2 years old (76% vs 48%, P less than .01) and more frequently observed during the months of rainy seasons (75% vs 54%, P less than .02). On the other hand, the higher prevalence of CVLP in diarrheics over 2 years old was not significant (48% vs 36%, P = .20), whereas a significantly lower prevalence of CVLP during the months of rainy seasons was observed in this group (27% vs 50%, P less than .01). Studies of the climatological factors in this equatorial climate showed a parallel cyclical variation of parameters representing rainfall, temperature, as well as relative humidity. We were not able to distinguish which of these factors was influencing more directly the prevalence of CVLP.
Improvement of emission uniformity by using micro-cone patterned PDMS film (2014)

Micro-patterned PDMS film was fabricated and combined with LED chip on board (COB) package to improve the emission uniformity of LED chip. The micro scale patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) was used as a mold to fabricate micro-cone patterned PDMS (MC-PDMS) film. A strong scattering effect from this MC-PDMS film can be verified by the high haze ratio and the Bi-directional Transmission effect. The angle dependent color temperature measurement system was used to measure the ΔCCT of COB with and without MC-PDMS. The measurement results indicate that the ΔCCT was reduced from 1025K to 428K. This improvement can effectively eliminate the yellow ring effect of LED chip. This technology can be thus considered as a cost-effective way for the next generation of light source packages.
Content-Adaptive Motion Compensated Frequency Selective Extrapolation for error concealment in video communication (2010)

If digital video data is transmitted over unreliable channels such as the internet or wireless terminals, the risk of severe image distortion due to transmission errors is ubiquitous. To cope with this, error concealment can be applied on the distorted data at the receiver. In this contribution we propose a novel spatio-temporal error concealment algorithm, the Content-Adaptive Motion Compensated Frequency Selective Extrapolation. The algorithm operates in two stages, whereas at first the motion in a distorted sequence is estimated. After that, a model of the signal is generated for concealing the distortion. The novel algorithm is based on an already existent error concealment algorithm. But by adapting the model generation to the content of a sequence, the novel algorithm is able to exploit the remaining information, which is still available in the distorted sequence, more effectively compared to the original algorithm. In doing so, a visually noticeable gain of up to 0.51 dB PSNR compared to the underlying algorithm and more than 3 dB compared to other error concealment algorithms can be achieved.
Biosynthesis of Proopiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides in Prohormone Convertase 2 and 7B2 Null Mice (2003)

Prohormone convertases (PCs) are thought to represent the major proteinases involved in the biosynthetic processing of peptide hormone precursors to bioactive peptide products. The maturation of PC2 requires the aid of a helper protein, 7B2, in order for the zymogen to become an active enzyme species. The 7B2 and PC2 nulls should thus be functionally equivalent with regard to deficits in precursor processing. In this article, we have examined this proposition through the study of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) biosynthesis and granule content in both null models. RIA data indicate that both PC2 and 7B2 nulls lack pituitary alpha-MSH; interestingly, 7B2 nulls are still able to generate beta-endorphin from beta-lipotropin, whereas PC2 nulls contain little if any beta-endorphin. Labeling experiments demonstrate a build-up of POMC, high molecular weight intermediates, and intact ACTH, as well as the disappearance of alpha-MSH, in both null models. Electron microscopy of neurointermediate lobe melanotrophs reveals the presence of a significantly greater number of secretory granules in both 7B2 and PC2 nulls compared with wild-type controls. However, PC2 null melanotrophs contain twice as many granules as 7B2 null melanotrophs. Another difference between the two null models is a relatively enhanced accumulation of precursors in the PC2 null compared with the 7B2 null; these include not only PC2 substrates, but also presumed PC1 substrates. These data indicate that the two nulls are not phenotypically equivalent.
Multistable Topological Mechanical Metamaterials (2022)

Concepts from quantum topological states of matter have been extensively utilized in the past decade in creating mechanical metamaterials with topologically protected features, such as one-way edge states and topologically polarized elasticity. Maxwell lattices represent a class of topological mechanical metamaterials that exhibit distinct robust mechanical properties at edges/interfaces when they are topologically polarized. Realizing topological phase transitions in these materials would enable on-and-off switching of these edge states, opening unprecedented opportunities to program mechanical response and wave propagation. However, such transitions are extremely challenging to experimentally control in Maxwell topological metamaterials due to mechanical and geometric constraints. Here we create a Maxwell lattice with bistable units to implement synchronized transitions between topological states and demonstrate dramatically different stiffnesses as the lattice transforms between topological phases both theoretically and experimentally. By combining multistability with topological phase transitions, for the first time, this metamaterial not only exhibits topologically protected mechanical properties that swiftly and reversibly change, but also offers a rich design space for innovating mechanical computing architectures and reprogrammable neuromorphic metamaterials. Moreover, we design and fabricate a topological Maxwell lattice using multi-material 3D printing and demonstrate the potential for miniaturization via additive manufacturing. These design principles are applicable to transformable topological metamaterials for a variety of tasks such as switchable energy absorption, impact mitigation, wave tailoring, neuromorphic metamaterials, and controlled morphing systems.