gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaN Ring Oscillators Operational at 500 °C Based on a GaN-on-Si Platform (2022)

A study of GaN for high temperature (HT, up to 500 °C) digital circuits was conducted. A HT-robust GaN-on-Si technology based on enhancement-mode p-GaN-gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and depletion-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs was proposed and used to implement different digital circuit configurations, namely E/D-mode and E/E-mode (E: enhancement, D: depletion). The E/D-mode inverter was found to offer significantly better performance in terms of voltage swing, noise margin, and gain, across temperature and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\textit {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> scaling. As calculated from E/D-mode ring oscillators (ROs) with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{G}=2\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , a RO exhibited a propagation delay ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}_{p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of < 1.48 ns/stage at 500 °C. The best RO achieved <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}_{p} &lt; 0.18$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ns/stage at 25 °C. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed technology sets a new boundary of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}_{p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> vs. <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{G}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in wide band gap digital logic, and is operational at the highest reported temperature (500 °C) of a GaN digital circuit. The results reflect the promising potential of the proposed technology for emerging HT applications at 500 °C and beyond.
Fluorescence from cover and basal scales of Morpho sulkowskyi and Papilio xuthus butterflies (1996)

Fluorescence from the cover and basal scales on a wing of the male Morpho sulkowskyi butterfly was investigated using microspectrophotometry (MSP). From these scales, two fluorescence peaks were observed with a different intensity ratio between the cover and the basal scales. The fluorescence spectrum from the cover scale had a peak around 440 nm, which was stronger than a peak around 490 nm, while the intensities of these peaks were reversed in the basal scale. In addition to this butterfly, fluorescence from the wing of the male Papilio xuthus butterfly was studied with a result that there was no distinct difference in the fluorescence spectra between the cover and the basal scales. On the basis of these results, a possibility to use the MSP method as a tool for the classification of the butterfly is briefly described. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Wrist-Gathered Acceleration Data and their Correlation with Physical Activity in the Elderly (2014)

Estimating physical activity in the elderly from wrist-gathered acceleration data was studied. Thirty individuals (65+ years) were video-recorded while wearing a wrist device and going about their normal activities within their regular living environment for four hours each. Acceleration data were summarized into an activity value [via the “differential signal magnitude” (DSM) method] and compared to metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values determined by video analysis for each time period (“epoch”). Different sampling rates and epoch sizes were evaluated. Sampling at 4 Hz and using 60-second epochs provided the best results, with a moderate Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.58 between DSM activity values and MET values. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for classifying each minute of data as active (MET >= 2.0) versus moderately active (MET > 1.2 and < 2.0) was 0.87 (sensitivity 80%, specificity 79%). DSM activity values (sampling at 4 Hz) were compared to the widely known signal magnitude area (SMA) values (requiring low-pass filtering and sampling at 40 Hz), with an excellent correlation of 0.994.
A static characteristic analysis of proposed bi-directional dual active bridge DC-DC converter (2014)

Recently, the power supply network with energy storage devices such as battery has been focused. This network topology uses bi-directional isolated DC-DC converter of low or medium capacity is required for the diversification of power supply network. The dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter is one of the effective bi-directional isolated DC-DC converters. However, the circuit has some instinct problems such as degradation of power efficiency and the occurrence of the surge in light-load operation. In this paper, we have been done a static characteristic analysis and highly power-efficient technique for DAB DC-DC Converter at light load. Also the analysis results and the proposed technique are verified with some experimental results.
Evaluation of Nicotine Pharmacokinetics and Subjective Effects following Use of a Novel Nicotine Delivery System (2017)

The combination of nicotine and lactic acid with the P3L device shows potential over existing nicotine delivery systems by delivering nicotine with kinetics close to published data on conventional cigarettes and without exogenous carrier substances as used in current electronic nicotine delivery systems. Altogether, the PK profile, subjective effects, and safety profile obtained in this study suggest P3L is an innovative nicotine delivery product that will be acceptable to adult smokers as an alternative to cigarettes.
Active contour extraction method using partial shape constraint contour model (2000)

In this paper, we propose a contour extraction method that uses the partial shape constraint contour model and is based on knowledge about the structure of the heart. This method detects the positions of annuli at the bases of the valves in a tomographic ultrasound image of the left ventricle from image patterns and creates a contour model under partial constraints based on these positions. Because a model that constrains the partial position of a contour is used instead of the conventional statistical model of the entire contour, contours can be accurately extracted even for statistically few shapes and without having to learn the contour shapes. The proposed method uses clinical images to show that it is possible to reduce incorrect contour extractions compared to when the partial shape constraint contour model is not used. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(14): 20–28, 2000
Precise, reproducible nano-domain engineering in lithium niobate crystals (2015)

We present a technique for domain engineering the surface of lithium niobate crystals with features as small as 100 nm. A film of chromium (Cr) is deposited on the lithium niobate surface and patterned using electron beam lithography and lift-off and then irradiated with a wide diameter beam of intense visible laser light. The regions patterned with chromium are domain inverted while the uncoated regions are not affected by the irradiation. With the ability to realize nanoscale surface domains, this technique could offer an avenue for fabrication of nano-photonic and phononic devices.
Structure and Properties of PHA/Clay Nano‐Biocomposites Prepared by Melt Intercalation (2008)

Abstract PHA‐based nano‐biocomposites have been prepared by melt intercalation. Two main PHAs, poly(hydroxybutyrate) and poly(hydroxybutyrate ‐co‐ hydroxyvalerate) have been studied. Structural characterizations were conducted by advanced techniques like SAXS and TEM. A recent method has determined the degree of clay intercalation and dispersion using solid‐state NMR. Well intercalated small tactoids (3–10 layers) homogeneously dispersed into the polymer are obtained when good PHA–clay affinity exists, i.e., with organo‐modified MMT. In the case of non‐modified MMT, microcomposites are evidenced. Crystallization, mechanical, and thermal properties have been correlated to the materials structures. magnified image
Off-DNA DNA-Encoded Library Affinity Screening (2019)

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is emerging as a key element of the small molecule discovery toolbox. Conventional DEL screens (i.e., on-DNA screening) interrogate large combinatorial libraries via affinity selection of DNA-tagged library members that are ligands of a purified and immobilized protein target. In these selections, the DNA tags can materially and undesirably influence target binding and, therefore, the experiment outcome. Here, we use a solid-phase DEL and droplet-based microfluidic screening to separate the DEL member from its DNA tag (i.e., off-DNA screening), for subsequent in-droplet laser-induced fluorescence polarization (FP) detection of target binding, obviating DNA tag interference. Using the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) as a proof-of-concept target in a droplet-scale competition-binding assay, we screened a 67 100-member solid-phase DEL of drug-like small molecules for competitive ligands of DDR1 and identified several known RTK inhibitor pharmacophores, including azaindole- and quinazolinone-containing monomers. Off-DNA DEL affinity screening with FP detection is potentially amenable to a wide array of target classes, including nucleic acid binding proteins, proteins that are difficult to overexpress and purify, or targets with no known activity assay.
Excitonic singlet-triplet ratios in molecular and polymeric organic materials (2003)

A simple technique employing reverse bias measurements of photoluminescent efficiency is described to determine the excitonic singlet-triplet formation statistics of electroluminescent organic thin films. Using this method, the singlet fractions in thin films of two organic emissive materials commonly used in organic light emitting devices, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum $({\mathrm{Alq}}_{3})$ and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), are found to be $(20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)%$ and $(20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)%,$ respectively. Results are confirmed using a sensitive synchronous detection scheme. We discuss other measurements and the current understanding of exciton formation statistics in polymeric and small molecular weight organic electroluminescent materials.
A Compact, Camera-Based, Human-Machine Interface (1999)

BULLSEYE is a flexible, computer input device that operates by generating and analyz- ing the image of known ''props'' at 60 Hz to determine position, orientation, and user- controlled internal state variables. The compact device, containing both the camera and processing engine, has been built and fielded. This paper provides an overview of the concept and hardware, then examines the problems and design strategies associ- ated with the interrelated areas of the environment, prop design, and color detection.
A Randomized Controlled Phase Ib Trial of the Malaria Vaccine Candidate GMZ2 in African Children (2011)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00703066.
Effects of electroacupuncture on apoptotic pathways in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia (2013)

In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic properties of electroacupuncture (EA) in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Treatment with 2 Hz EA (1 mA) resulted in a markedly reduced infarct area after stroke, particularly in the middle region of the brain. Treatment with EA resulted in a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells identified by Hoechst 33342 and TUNEL staining. According to the results of the analysis for proteins involved in apoptosis, treatment with EA resulted in a significantly reduced expression of death receptor (DR)5. Among the members of the Bcl‑2 family, a higher expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑xL was observed in the rats treated with EA, compared with the untreated rats with MCAO. As regards the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, a higher expression of anti-apoptotic cIAP‑1 and ‑2 was also detected in the cortex of the EA‑treated rats. Using western blot analysis, we observed that activated caspase‑3 was only significantly arrested by EA treatment in the rats with MCAO; however, according to the results of the caspase assay, the activities of caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9 were markedly inhibited by EA treatment. These results suggest that treatment with EA exerts anti‑apoptotic effects in cerebral ischemia in a rat model of MCAO and that these effects are associated with the inhibition of the DR and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
Antifungal Principles ofBaccharis pedunculata (1995)

Four compounds including a flavone, an acetylenic lactone, a prenylated coumarin, and a 3-methyl ether flavone were isolated from the dichloromethane leaf extract of Baccharis pedunculata (Mill.) Cabr. (Asteraceae). The latter three compounds were identified to be responsible for the antifungal activity against some human pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi. The most active compound, lachnophyllum lactone, an acetylenic lactone, showed a very high toxicity (LD50 2 micrograms/ml) against human keratinocytes.
Honeydew-Producing Hemipterans in Florida Associated withNylanderia fulva(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an Invasive Crazy Ant (2013)

Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Formicidae) is an invasive pest ant that has been reported in Florida, Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi. Workers tend various honeydew producing hemipterans in Florida landscapes and natural areas. We sought to understand the seasonal foraging activities of N. fulva and its relationship with honeydew producing hemipterans. Twenty-two hemipteran species were collected from 15 different plant hosts sampled in Florida from Jul 2010 to Jul 2012. The relative density of hemipterans on 4 plant species [live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill; Fagales: Fagaceae), holly (Ilex cornuta Lindl; Aquifoliales: Aquifoliaceae), magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.; Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae), and sugarberry (Celtis laevigata Willd.; Urticales: Ulmaceae)] was compared to the relative density of N. fulva at the base or stem of the selected plants. The number of N. fulva and hemipterans on each plant species was positively correlated from spring through fall. Both N. fulva and hemipteran populations increased from May to Sep and decreased from Oct to Apr. In addition, Cinara juniperivora (Wilson) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on southern red cedar and Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on magnolia were covered with carton shelters presumably constructed by N. fulva, suggesting that this ant potentially protects certain hemipterans species.
Insights into Diffusion Mechanisms in P2 Layered Oxide Materials by First-Principles Calculations (2014)

Significant progress has been made in Na-intercalation compounds for rechargeable Na batteries. P2 NaxMO2 layered oxides have been shown to have high capacity, good cyclability, and improved rate capability. In this study, we investigate the diffusion mechanisms in P2 NaxCoO2 using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and nudged elastic band calculations. We identify the Na diffusion mechanisms in P2 NaxCoO2 at nondilute Na concentrations and illustrate the strong effect of Na–Na interactions on Na diffusion. Our computational results demonstrate that P2 sodium layered oxides are fast Na ionic conductors over a wide range of Na concentrations and are promising cathode materials with high rate capabilities.
<title>Pixel-level data fusion: from algorithm to chip</title> (1991)

Pixel level image processing algorithms have to work with noisy sensor data to extract spatial features. This often required the use of operators which amplify high frequency noise. One method of dealing with this problem is to perform image smoothing prior to any use of spatial differentiation. Such spatial smoothing results in the spread of object characteristics beyond the object boundaries. Identification of discontinuities and explicit use of these as boundaries for smoothing has been proposed as a technique to overcome this problem. This approach has been used to perform cooperative computations between multiple descriptions of the scene, e.g., fusion of edge and motion field for a given scene. This approach is extended to multisensor systems. The discontinuities detected in the output of one sensor are used to define regions of smoothing for a second sensor. For example, the depth discontinuities present in laser radar can be used to define smoothing boundaries for infrared focal plane arrays. The authors have recently developed a CMOS chip (28 X 36) which performs this task in real time. This chip consists of a resistive network and elements that can be switched ON or OFF, by loading a suitable bit pattern. The bit pattern for the control of switches can be generated from the discontinuities found in the output of sensor #1. The output of sensor #2 is applied to the resistive network for data smoothing. If all the switches are held in conducting state, this chip performs the usual data smoothing. However, if switches along object boundaries are turned OFF, a region for bounded smoothing is created. In this chip, information from a third sensor data (e.g., intensity data from laser radar) can be incorporated in the form of a map of 'confidence in data.' The results obtained with this chip using synthetic data and other potential applications of this chip are described.
Using root cause analysis to handle intrusion detection alarms (2003)

Aufgrund einer kontinuierlich steigenden Anzahl von Hacker-Angriffen auf die Informationssysteme von Firmen und Institutionen haben Intrusion Detection Systeme als eine neue Sicherheitstechnologie an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese Systeme überwachen Computer, Netzwerke sowie andere Ressourcen und erzeugen Alarme, wenn Sicherheitsverletzungen entdeckt werden. Leider erzeugen die heutigen Intrusion Detection Systeme im Allgemeinen sehr viele zumeist falsche Alarme. Dies wirft das Problem auf, wie mit dieser Flut falscher Alarme umzugehen ist. Die vorliegende Dissertation präsentiert einen neuen Lösungsansatz für dieses Problem.Von zentraler Bedeutung für diesen Lösungsansatz ist die Vorstellung, dass jeder Alarm eine eindeutige Ursache besitzt. Diese Dissertation macht die Beobachtung, dass ein paar Dutzend Ursachen für über 90% der Alarme verantwortlich sind. Auf diese Beobachtung aufbauend, wird folgende zweistufige Methode für den Umgang mit Intrusion Detection Alarmen vorgeschlagen: Der erste Schritt identifiziert Ursachen, die viele Alarme erzeugen, und der zweite Schritt entfernt diese Ursachen, wodurch die zukünftige Alarmlast zumeist stark gesenkt wird.Alternativ können Alarme, die eine nicht sicherheitsrelevante Ursache besitzen, durch Filter automatisch entfernt werden. Um das Aufdecken von Alarmursachen zu unterstützen, stellen wir eine neue Data Mining Methode zum Clustern von Alarmen vor. Die Grundlage für diese Methode besteht darin, dass sich die meisten Ursachen in Alarmgruppen mit charakteristischen strukturellen Eigenschaften manifestieren. Wir formalisieren diese strukturellen Eigenschaften und stellen eine Clustering Methode vor, die Alarmgruppen mit diesen Eigenschaften findet. Im Allgemeinen ermöglichen es solche Alarmgruppen, die zugrunde liegenden Alarmursachen zu identifizieren. Daran anschließend können die identifizierten Ursachen eliminiert oder falsche Alarme herausgefiltert werden. In beiden Fällen sinkt die Zahl der Alarme, die in Zukunft noch ausgewertet werden müssen.Die vorgestellte Methode zum Umgang mit Alarmen wird in Experimenten mit Alarmen aus 16 verschiedenen Intrusion Detection Installationen getestet. Diese Experimente bestätigen, dass es die beschriebene Alarm Clustering Methode sehr einfach macht Ursachen aufzudecken. Außerdem zeigen die Experimente, dass die Alarmlast um durchschnittlich 70% gesenkt werden kann, wenn auf die identifizierten Alarmursachen in angemessener Weise reagiert wird.
Study on Air-to-Ground multipath channel and mobility influences in UAV based broadcasting (2018)

In this paper, we present the study results on the possible multipath channel models for UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) based broadcasting. In UAV based communications, the channel models consider only the path losses, the received signal strength and the conditions for Rayleigh/Ricean channel but present no multipath profiles for A2G(air-to-ground) channel, while multipath channel models in A2G channel is necessary for UAV based broadcasting to analyze reception performances. Thus according to the decision criterion of Rayleigh/Ricean channel in the UAV communication, we tried to combine approximately this criterion with DVB-T2 multipath channel models of terrestrial broadcasting. We also discussed on the preparations for the influences of yaw and tilt in UAV based broadcasting.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATIDE AND 16α‐HALOGENATED STEROIDS (1982)

Abstract Das aus dem Ketosteroid Epiandrosteron (I) mit Isoamylnitrit (II) zugängliche α‐Ketoxim (III) wird mit NH3/NaOCl in das Diazoketon (IV) übergefühxt, das sich mit den Halogenwasserstoffen (V) zu den α‐Halogenketosteroiden (VI) zersetzen läßt; diese können teilweise auch direkt aus dem Enolacetat (VII) mit N‐Halogensuccinimiden (VIII) dargestellt werden.
Recommendations for the delivery of therapeutic exercise for people with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis. An international consensus study from the OARSI Rehabilitation Discussion Group (2022)

The breadth of
Functionalized Surface Arrays for Spatial Targeting of Immune Cell Signaling (2006)

The effect of surface topography and chemistry on cellular response is of fundamental importance, especially where living systems encounter device surfaces as in medical implants, tissue engineering, and cell-based sensors. To understand these biological processes on surfaces, there is a widespread interest in tailored surface-active materials produced by a combination of surface chemistry coupled to advanced patterning processes. We utilize self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as molecular templates with submicrometer-scale spatial resolution to engage and cluster IgE receptors on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) mast cells. Bioactive templates consisted of gold arrays on silicon with patterns from 1 mum down to 45 nm. These gold arrays served as molecular tethering sites, enabling covalent binding of functionalized self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols. The free ends of the monolayers were functionalized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl(DNP)-caproate-based ligands which interact specifically with anti-DNP IgE bound to its high affinity cell surface receptor, FcepsilonRI on RBL mast cells. Present results on structures 1 mum down to 600 nm in size indicate that these ligand-immobilized patterned arrays can function as a powerful tool for visualization and systematic characterization of cell membrane involvement in IgE receptor-mediated immune cell signaling.