gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure your cloud workloads with IBM Secure Execution for Linux on IBM z15 and LinuxONE III (2020)

With the growth of IBM Z and LinuxONE in the cloud, customers are expecting their workloads and data to have the same levels of security, isolation, and privacy as running on-premise. In order to achieve these levels of trust, the IBM z15 and LinuxONE III provide the IBM Secure Execution for Linux facility, which isolates customers’ data from each other, as well as from the cloud administrators. Unlike other solutions in the industry, IBM Secure Execution does not require remote attestation, thus simplifying the deployment of applications into the protected environment. Also, unlike some other solutions in the industry, the integrity of data is protected end-to-end, that is, from the boot image on disk to memory as it is paged by the hypervisor and throughout execution. The isolation and integrity are provided by hardware and trusted firmware known as the ultravisor. In this article, we describe the security model of IBM Secure Execution, the functionality of the hardware and ultravisor, as well as the required changes to the hypervisor in order to support protected virtual machines.
Full-Duplex Communication for ISAC: Joint Beamforming and Power Optimization (2022)

Beamforming design has been widely investigated for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems with full-duplex (FD) sensing and half-duplex (HD) communication. To achieve higher spectral efficiency, in this paper, we extend existing ISAC beamforming design by considering the FD capability for both radar and communication. Specifically, we consider an ISAC system, where the BS performs target detection and communicates with multiple downlink users and uplink users reusing the same time and frequency resources. We jointly optimize the downlink dual-functional transmit signal and the uplink receive beamformers at the BS and the transmit power at the uplink users. The problems are formulated under two criteria: power consumption minimization and sum rate maximization. The downlink and uplink transmissions are tightly coupled due to both the desired target echo and the undesired interference received at the BS, making the problems challenging. To handle these issues in both cases, we first determine the optimal receive beamformers, which are derived in closed forms with respect to the BS transmit beamforming and the user transmit power, for radar target detection and uplink communications, respectively. Subsequently, we invoke these results to obtain equivalent optimization problems and propose efficient iterative algorithms to solve them by using the techniques of rank relaxation and successive convex approximation (SCA), where the adopted relaxation is proven to be tight. In addition, we consider a special case under the power minimization criterion and propose an alternative low complexity design. Numerical results demonstrate that the optimized FD communication-based ISAC brings tremendous improvements in terms of both power efficiency and spectral efficiency compared to the conventional ISAC with HD communication.
Genetic variation at the Th2 immune gene IL13 is associated with IgE‐mediated paediatric food allergy (2017)

We show for the first time, in two independent cohorts, that IL13 polymorphism rs1295686 (in complete linkage disequilibrium with functional variant rs20541) is associated with challenge-proven food allergy.
P‐112: Sunlight Readable Bistable Electrowetting Displays for Indicators and Billboards (2011)

Abstract adt's electrowetting displays are designed for bistability (“green”) and capable of all backlight modes (reflective, transflective and transmissive). Compared to LED indicators, our pixels draw no power and are sunlight readable. Using CMY stacks we achieved a superior color gamut and high reflectivity (both topics are essential for electronic billboards).
Demonstration of a Broadband Microwave Imager using Spectral Hole Burning as a Narrowband Image Sieve (2005)

We present broadband microwave imaging that uses Fourier optical beamforming to project squinted broadband images into a spectral hole burning material from which independent narrowband images are read, de-squinted, and summed into broadband microwave images.
Volume-controllable Solder Bumping Technology to Package Substrate Using Injection Molded Solder for Fine-pitch Flip Chip (2023)

It is challenging to successfully bond large Si chips onto a package substrate with fine-pitch solder bumps. Relatively large pad coplanarity of a package substrate causes open joints or solder bridges. We propose a new solder deposition approach that controls solder volume on each pad, aiming to achieve a 40 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> pitch joining of a large Si chip with a chip size of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$29 \ \mathrm{x} \ 12$</tex> mm onto a package substrate. In the new approach, the thickness of the resist mask is locally modified in addition to the resist opening width. This allows a wider range of solder volume to be deposited on individual pads, thereby compensating for larger pad coplanarity. In this study, we measured the surface profile of package substrates under various conditions. Then, we investigated the effect of pad density and exposure dose on resist thickness and examined whether the combination of the variable resist thickness and variable opening diameter could compensate for the surface topography of package substrates. We also report solder deposition results.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC ICE ACCRETION (1979)

Time-dependence enters into calculations of ice accretion on objects primarily through terms dependent on the initial conditions and size and geometry of the object. A numerical technique to include the time-dependence is described here as well as simulation of complex situations where the conditions vary, for example, along a helicopter rotor blade. Some results of varying droplet sizes, velocity, and droplet distributions are presented. These indicate the general dependence of ice accretion on these parameters as well as illustrate the utility of numerical techniques in seeing how these effects can influence the rates of ice accretion for particular initial conditions. /Authors/
Hybrid Problems in Smart Matter Control (1999)

this paper, some of the challenges associated with creating such hybrid control systems for large numbers of components will be discussed along with some of our initial work in this area
Table S1 from Immunotherapy of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Subgroup Analysis of the CA209-538 Clinical Trial for Rare Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Histological diagnoses&lt;/p&gt;
High sensitivity of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors to the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 alone and in combination with platinum drugs (2008)

Whereas target-specific drugs are available for treating ERBB2-overexpressing and hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, no tailored therapy exists for hormone receptor- and ERBB2-negative ("triple-negative") mammary carcinomas. Triple-negative tumors account for 15% of all breast cancers and frequently harbor defects in DNA double-strand break repair through homologous recombination (HR), such as BRCA1 dysfunction. The DNA-repair defects characteristic of BRCA1-deficient cells confer sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition, which could be relevant to treatment of triple-negative tumors. To evaluate PARP1 inhibition in a realistic in vivo setting, we tested the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 in a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for BRCA1-associated breast cancer. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with AZD2281 inhibited tumor growth without signs of toxicity, resulting in strongly increased survival. Long-term treatment with AZD2281 in this model did result in the development of drug resistance, caused by up-regulation of Abcb1a/b genes encoding P-glycoprotein efflux pumps. This resistance to AZD2281 could be reversed by coadministration of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor tariquidar. Combination of AZD2281 with cisplatin or carboplatin increased the recurrence-free and overall survival, suggesting that AZD2281 potentiates the effect of these DNA-damaging agents. Our results demonstrate in vivo efficacy of AZD2281 against BRCA1-deficient breast cancer and illustrate how GEMMs of cancer can be used for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutics and for testing ways to overcome or circumvent therapy resistance.
Analysis of the Effects of the Thai Power Development Plan 2015 on Air Quality from 2016 to 2036 (2016)

Air pollution is a serious issue that affects many parts of the world, Southeast Asia in particular. Nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and other emissions have negative impacts on human health as well as overall environmental quality. The major sources in Thailand are open burning and fossil fuel combustion, i.e. in vehicles, energy use in industries and power generation. Given increasing actual and projected GDP growth, subsequent increases in energy consumption are inevitable. The power generation system must grow and expand as well to meet changes in demand from industrial, commercial, and residential customers. The Ministry of Energy of Thailand has published the Power Development Plan 2015 (PDP 2015) to outline policies and goals of the growing power generation and transmission systems throughout the nation. Notably, the plan involves increasing the use of coal-fired generation. Using both the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies Model (GAINS) and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), we have compared two different emissions scenarios: one with standard emission control technology, and another with maximum feasible emission controls. The effectiveness of emission control technology varied by region and pollutant. The greatest increase in air quality was located around the Rayong province in central Thailand. For PM10 in the northern Thailand, however, emission control technologies did little to improve the air quality because the main source of pollutant, biomass burning, was left unabaited. This forecast of air quality can show possible impacts from future emissions in Thailand and regions that may benefit from added emission control technology in the future.
Supercapacitor flywheel for high power electrochemical sources (2004)

In the paper it is discussed on the performances of an electrochemical supercapacitor and battery hybrid power source for on-board applications. The system is analytically represented by means of a double time scale model, which is experimentally validated on a 80 V prototype using a pulsing load. Focusing on interrelations among battery, supercapacitor and load, power peaks, internal losses and lifecycle issues are discussed with the aim to define criteria and design directives for battery and supercapacitor integration in a compact and light system.
Transport properties of Cu-O chains inSr2CuO3+δ (1995)

High-pressure oxidation of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ with $\ensuremath{\delta}&lt;0.1$ has produced samples with metallic chains as well as those with small-polaron behavior. The paramagnetic susceptibility evolves with increasing $\ensuremath{\delta}$ from a primarily Bonner-Fisher temperature dependence to a Curie-Weiss behavior for small-polaron samples and a strongly mass-enhanced Pauli paramagnetism for the metallic samples. Samples of intermediate oxidation exhibited a smooth transition from metallic behavior at low temperatures to small-polaron behavior at higher temperatures. The small low-temperature Seebeck coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$ of the metallic samples exhibited a negative enhancement characterized by a hump at approximately 75 K typical of acoustic-phonon drag; there was no evidence for an $\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$ like that of the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ planes of the superconductive cuprates, which have an enhancement with a ${T}_{max}\ensuremath{\approx}140$ K that we have associated with vibronic states derived from dynamic pseudo-Jahn-Teller deformations of the Cu sites inside large correlation polarons. These data support the suggestion that an enhancement with a ${T}_{max}\ensuremath{\approx}140$ K found for the chains in Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.96}$ is the result of a strong elastic coupling to the superconductive Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sheets and is not an intrinsic property of the chains.
The application of conducting polymers to a biorobotic fin propulsor (2007)

Conducting polymer actuators based on polypyrrole are being developed for use in biorobotic fins that are designed to create and control forces like the pectoral fin of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). It is envisioned that trilayer bending actuators will be used within, and as, the fin's webbing to create a highly controllable, shape morphing, flexible fin surface, and that linear conducting polymer actuators will be used to actuate the bases of the fin's fin-rays, like an agonist-antagonist muscle pair, and control the fin's stiffness. For this application, trilayer bending actuators were used successfully to reproduce the cupping motion of the sunfish pectoral fin by controlling the curvature of the fin's surface and the motion of its dorsal and ventral edges. However, the speed of these large polymer films was slow, and must be increased if the fin's shape is to be modulated synchronously with the fin's flapping motion. Free standing linear conducting polymer films can generate large stresses and strains, but there are many engineering obstacles that must be resolved in order to create linear polymer actuators that generate simultaneously the forces, displacements and actuation rates required by the fin. We present two approaches that are being used to solve the engineering challenges involved in utilizing conducting polymer linear actuators: the manufacture of long, uniform ribbons of polymer and gold film, and the parallel actuation of multiple conducting polymer films.
Jaw movements and muscle activity during mastication in growing rabbits (1989)

To investigate the biomechanical effects of juvenile growth changes in the rabbit masticatory apparatus a comparison was made of mastication in just-weaned and adult animals. Mandibular movements in two planes were registered by cineradiography. Masticatory muscle activity was recorded by fine-wire electromyography. The same pattern of unilateral mastication was present in the two ages. The most important changes in the jaw movements are 1) a decrease of jaw opening speed and chewing frequency and an increase in jaw opening time, 2) a decrease in maximum gape in soft food and an unaltered gape in small-particle hard food, and 3) an increase in lateral jaw excursion, mainly due to a more pronounced movement of the jaw to the balancing side (lingual phase). The contraction patterns were basically similar in the two ages. The higher chewing frequency in young animals was attained by a larger degree of overlap between opening and closing muscle activities. Young animals used relatively more EMG activity to chew hay, the hardest food. The changes in opening speed, gape, and chewing frequency are consistent with earlier predictions from the morphological changes, and so is the extra activity needed to chew hard food. The increase in lateral excursion was not predicted. It is suggested to be caused by cheek teeth wear, making possible smooth occlusal guidance of the jaw at the balancing side. Some of the changes in juvenile morphology can be viewed as adaptations to a changing diet.
Synthesizing Programs with Continuous Optimization (2022)

Automatic software generation based on some specification is known as program synthesis. Most existing approaches formulate program synthesis as a search problem with discrete parameters. In this paper, we present a novel formulation of program synthesis as a continuous optimization problem and use a state-of-the-art evolutionary approach, known as Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy to solve the problem. We then propose a mapping scheme to convert the continuous formulation into actual programs. We compare our system, called GENESYS, with several recent program synthesis techniques (in both discrete and continuous domains) and show that GENESYS synthesizes more programs within a fixed time budget than those existing schemes. For example, for programs of length 10, GENESYS synthesizes 28% more programs than those existing schemes within the same time budget.
Novel, real-time measurements of VOCs using a Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS) (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important in a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including air quality, biogeochemistry, hydrology, plant and animal physiology, human health, and petrochemistry. Generally, these measurements are performed with expensive laboratory-based mass spectrometers, slow gas chromatographs, non-speciated flame- or photo-ionization detectors, or insensitive Fourier transform infrared spectrometers. Laser-based spectrometers based upon cavity enhanced techniques like cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) would in principle provide significant advantages over these methods in sensitivity, speed of response, simplicity, stability, and portability, as has been demonstrated in the last decade for the quantification of simple molecules like carbon dioxide, methane, or ammonia.&amp;amp;#160; However, the majority of these instruments are based upon narrowly tunable lasers.&amp;amp;#160; These lasers cannot tune across the broad spectral features, characteristic of VOCs.&amp;amp;#160; In this paper we present a novel CRDS instrument based upon a broadband laser source that can in principle span more than hundred nanometers.&amp;amp;#160; We show early measurements of ethylene oxide and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) at parts per billion and even parts per trillion levels.&amp;amp;#160; Though our initial work has focused on measurements of hazardous air pollutants, there is future potential for speciated detection of other VOCs as well as greenhouse gases. These systems can be deployed on a bench-top and/or vehicle, and with per-second measurement intervals, are ideal for correlation with weather data for accurate source attribution. The analyzers are being developed to meet indoor and outdoor air quality requirements and may be deployed near sources (stack or fenceline monitoring) or far from sources (community monitoring).&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Magnetically Shielded Miniature Hall Thruster: Performance Assessment and Status Update (2014)

The magnetically shielded miniature Hall thruster, originally tested at the University of California, Los Angeles, underwent performance validation experiments at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The thruster was operated over a range of discharge voltages, from 150 V – 300V, and currents, from 1 A – 2.3 A. It was discovered that the thruster operated in two distinct modes which were dependent on the thruster’s temperature: a “jet” mode and a “diffuse” mode. At the nominal condition of 275 V and 1.2 A in the jet mode, a thrust of approximately 12 – 13 mN was measured by a thrust stand with an anode efficiency of approximately24%. At the same nominal conditions, the diffuse mode showed a thrust of 11 – 12 mN and an anode efficiency of approximately 21%. Characterization of the plume in both operating modes was accomplished using a shielded Faraday probe, a retarding potential analyzer, and an ExB probe. Discharge current oscillations on the order of 2.5 – 4 times the mean current were observed during jet mode operation, while the oscillations in the diffuse mode were on the order of 20% of the mean current. Results from the plume characterization, post-operation discharge channel inspection, and discharge oscillations, combined with the temperature-dependent mode shift, suggest that changes to the magnetic field strength and topology caused by saturation of the thruster’s magnetic circuit may be occurring at elevated operating temperatures.
Range synthesis for 3D environment modeling (2004)

This paper examines a novel method we have developed for computing range data in the context of mobile robotics. Our objective is to compute dense range maps of locations in the environment, but to do this using intensity images and very limited range data as input. We develop a statistical learning method for inferring and extrapolating range data from a combination of a single video intensity image and a limited amount of input range data. Our methodology is to compute the relationship between the observed range data and the variations in the intensity image, and use this to extrapolate new range values. These variations can be efficiently captured by the neighborhood system of a Markov random field (MRF) without making any strong assumptions about the kind of surfaces in the world. Experimental results show the feasibility of our method.
Regulation of virulence and antibiotic resistance by two-component regulatory systems inPseudomonas aeruginosa (2008)

The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa ubiquitously inhabits soil and water habitats and also causes serious, often antibiotic resistant, infections in immunocompromised patients (e.g. cystic fibrosis). This versatility is mediated in part by a large repertoire of two-component regulatory systems that appear instrumental in the regulation of both virulence processes and resistance to antimicrobials. Major two-component regulatory system proteins demonstrated to regulate these diverse processes include PhoP-PhoQ, GacA-GacS, RetS, LadS, and AlgR, among others. Here, we summarize the current body of knowledge of these and other two-component systems that provides insight into the complex regulation of virulence and resistance in P. aeruginosa.
Perpetual Motion: Generating Unbounded Human Motion (2020)

The modeling of human motion using machine learning methods has been widely studied. In essence it is a time-series modeling problem involving predicting how a person will move in the future given how they moved in the past. Existing methods, however, typically have a short time horizon, predicting a only few frames to a few seconds of human motion. Here we focus on long-term prediction; that is, generating long sequences (potentially infinite) of human motion that is plausible. Furthermore, we do not rely on a long sequence of input motion for conditioning, but rather, can predict how someone will move from as little as a single pose. Such a model has many uses in graphics (video games and crowd animation) and vision (as a prior for human motion estimation or for dataset creation). To address this problem, we propose a model to generate non-deterministic, \textit{ever-changing}, perpetual human motion, in which the global trajectory and the body pose are cross-conditioned. We introduce a novel KL-divergence term with an implicit, unknown, prior. We train this using a heavy-tailed function of the KL divergence of a white-noise Gaussian process, allowing latent sequence temporal dependency. We perform systematic experiments to verify its effectiveness and find that it is superior to baseline methods.