gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Photosynthesis: From Molecular Catalysts for Light‐driven Water Splitting to Photoelectrochemical Cells (2011)

DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00966.x In Photochemistry and Photobiology Vol 87(5) pp. 946–964 an erratic structure was published. The polyoxometallate structure in Figure 19 is not that of catalyst 23, but that of the Co-derivative described in reference 131. A corrected Figure is provided below: Light-driven water oxidation catalyzed by 23 in the presence of PS 14 is described in the following reference:
Data on dielectric strength heterogeneity associated with printing orientation in additively manufactured polymer materials (2018)

The following data describe the dielectric performance of additively manufactured polymer materials printed in various orientations for four common additive manufacturing techniques. Data are presented for selected commercial 3D printing materials fabricated using four common 3D printing techniques: Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Polymer Jetting (PolyJet). Dielectric strengths are compiled for the listed materials, based on the ASTM D139 standard. This article provides data related to "Dielectric Strength Heterogeneity Associated with Printing Orientation in Additively Manufactured Polymer Materials" [1].
Enhanced susceptibility of cancer cells to oncolytic rhabdo-virotherapy by expression of Nodamura virus protein B2 as a suppressor of RNA interference (2018)

Antiviral responses are barriers that must be overcome for efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. In mammalian cells, antiviral responses involve the interferon pathway, a protein-signaling cascade that alerts the immune system and limits virus propagation. Tumour-specific defects in interferon signaling enhance viral infection and responses to oncolytic virotherapy, but many human cancers are still refractory to oncolytic viruses. Given that invertebrates, fungi and plants rely on RNA interference pathways for antiviral protection, we investigated the potential involvement of this alternative antiviral mechanism in cancer cells. Here, we detected viral genome-derived small RNAs, indicative of RNAi-mediated antiviral responses, in human cancer cells. As viruses may encode suppressors of the RNA interference pathways, we engineered an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus variant to encode the Nodamura virus protein B2, a known inhibitor of RNAi-mediated immune responses. B2-expressing oncolytic virus showed enhanced viral replication and cytotoxicity, impaired viral genome cleavage and altered microRNA processing in cancer cells. Our data establish the improved therapeutic potential of our novel virus which targets the RNAi-mediated antiviral defense of cancer cells.
Photoionization-pumped x-ray lasers using ultrashort-pulse excitation (1992)

Recent advances in the production of ultrashort x-ray pulses by using femtosecond laser-produced plasmas coupled with the development of terawatt ultrashort-pulse lasers may make possible ultrashortpulse photoexcited x-ray lasers. I examine the creation of a population inversion on the K-alpha transition of neon at 1.5 nm by using the photoionization scheme first suggested by Duguay and Rentzepis in 1967. It is shown that this laser can be produced by using a pump laser of ~ 10 J in 50 fs, provided that a sufficiently bright laser-produced plasma x-ray source can be created. Recent experimental and theoretical results are discussed that verify the potential feasibility of this scheme.
Stability analysis of multiple-robot control systems (1989)

In a space telerobotic service scenario, cooperative motion and force control of multiple robot arms are of fundamental importance. Three paradigms to study this problem are proposed. They are distinguished by the set of variables used for control design. They are joint torques, arm tip force vectors, and an accelerated generalized coordinate set. Control issues related to each case are discussed. The latter two choices require complete model information, which presents practical modeling, computational, and robustness problems. Therefore, focus is on the joint torque control case to develop relatively model independent motion and internal force control laws. The rigid body assumption allows the motion and force control problems to be independently addressed. By using an energy motivated Lyapunov function, a simple proportional derivative plus gravity compensation type of motion control law is always shown to be stabilizing. The asymptotic convergence of the tracing error to zero requires the use of a generalized coordinate with the contact constraints taken into account. If a non-generalized coordinate is used, only convergence to a steady state manifold can be concluded. For the force control, both feedforward and feedback schemes are analyzed. The feedback control, if proper care has been taken, exhibits better robustness and transient performance.
Using semantic and syntactic graphs for call classification (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a new data representation format for language processing, the syntactic and semantic graphs (SSGs), and show its use for call classification in spoken dialog systems. For each sentence or utterance, these graphs include lexical information (words), syntactic information (such as the part of speech tags of the words and the syntactic parse of the utterance), and semantic information (such as the named entities and semantic role labels). In our experiments, we used written language as the training data while computing SSGs and tested on spoken language. In spite of this mismatch, we have shown that this is a very promising approach for classifying complex examples, and by using SSGs it is possible to reduce the call classification error rate by 4.74% relative.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of O‐(2‐Arylphenyl)hydroxylamines to Aryldihydroazepinones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Photovoltaic Module Materials and Design on Module Deformation Under Load (2019)

Static structural finite element models of an aluminum-framed crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) module and a glass-glass thin film PV module were constructed and validated against experimental measurements of deflection under uniform pressure loading. Parametric analyses using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) were performed to propagate simulation input uncertainties related to module material properties, dimensions, and manufacturing tolerances into expected uncertainties in simulated deflection predictions. This exercise verifies the applicability and validity of finite element modeling for predicting mechanical behavior of solar modules across architectures and enables computational models to be used with greater confidence in assessment of module mechanical stressors and design for reliability. Sensitivity analyses were also performed on the uncertainty quantification data sets using linear correlation coefficients to elucidate the key parameters influencing module deformation. This information has implications on which materials or parameters may be optimized to best increase module stiffness and reliability, whether the key optimization parameters change with module architecture or loading magnitudes, and whether parameters such as frame design and racking must be replicated in reduced-scale reliability studies to adequately capture full module mechanical behavior.
Basic Study on Hydrogen Separation and Compression Characteristics by Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (2006)

Fuel cells (FC) can hardly react a hundred percent of fuel, because the cell potential becomes zero if all of the fuel is consumed at FC. Therefore a small amount of fuel is released from FC, even when pure H2 gas is used as fuel. If the space, where the exhaust H2 is released, is closed up such as the space of deep underground or undersea, the released amount of H2 may be restricted to an allowable level. The depleted H2 can be recovered by the hydrogen separation pump (HSP) such as proposed here. When we supply electricity to the polymer electrolyte by an external power source, H2 can easily be separated and pumped up from anode to cathode according to the principle of “concentration cell". In this study we have preliminarily tested the HSP, and our experimental results show that the HSP can work as a good separation and compression pump of exhausted hydrogen from FC. The typical cell potential was 100mV for HSP at our experimental condition of current density of 0.49A/cm2 and H2 treatment ratio of 98%.
Dual-Polarization Dual-Coverage Reflectarray for Space Applications (2006)

A breadboard of a three-layer printed reflectarray for dual polarization with a different coverage in each polarization has been designed, manufactured, and tested. The reflectarray consists of three layers of rectangular patch arrays separated by a honeycomb and backed by a ground plane. The beam shaping for each polarization is achieved by adjusting the phase of the reflection coefficient at each reflective element independently for each linear polarization. The phase shift for each polarization is controlled by varying either the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$x$</tex> or <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$y$</tex> patch dimensions. The dimensions of the rectangular patches are optimized to achieve the required phase shift for each beam at central and extreme frequencies in the working band. The reflectarray has been designed to produce a contoured beam for a European coverage in H-polarization in a 10% bandwidth, and a pencil beam to illuminate the East Coast in North America in V-polarization. The measured radiation patterns show that gain requirements are practically fulfilled in a 10% bandwidth for both coverages, and the electrical performances of the breadboard are close to those of a classical dual gridded reflector.
Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the evaluation and early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (2021)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with high mortality mainly due to pre-existing liver disease and delay in diagnosis, limiting treatment options. Currently, the state-of-the-art diagnostic metric for HCC is LiRADS (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System), a qualitative image assessment based on the bolus transit characteristics of microbubbles that stratifies liver tumors suspected for HCC. However, with contrast-enhanced ultrasound, liver tumor perfusion can be quantifiably characterized to identify abnormal arterial flow after an initial portal venous and hepatic arterial flow reduction in the liver, which are typical features of HCCs. The image intensity in a region of interest (ROI) in the HCC is used to form a time-intensity curve (TIC) of the bolus transit (wash-in/washout). A lognormal curve is fitted to the TIC and parameters related to blood flow in the tumor are extracted. Respiratory gating and motion compensation are applied to the video loops before forming the TIC to remove noise and improve the accuracy of the HCC perfusion measurements. Parametric images of the rise time and peak intensity provide an HCC classification algorithm. Utilizing this approach, we provide an improvement to the LiRADS method for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of HCC.
A Novel, Nonpeptidic, Orally Active Bivalent Inhibitor of Human β-Tryptase (2018)

β-Tryptase is released from mast cells upon degranulation in response to allergic and inflammatory stimuli. Human tryptase is a homotetrameric serine protease with 4 identical active sites directed toward a central pore. These active sites present an optimized scenario for the rational design of bivalent inhibitors, which bridge 2 adjacent active sites. Using (3-[1-acylpiperidin-4-yl]phenyl)methanamine as the pharmacophoric core and a disiloxane linker to span 2 active sites we have successfully produced a novel bivalent tryptase inhibitor, compound 1a, with a comparable profile to previously described inhibitors. Pharmacological properties of compound 1a were studied in a range of in vitro enzymic and cellular screening assays, and in vivo xenograft models. This non-peptide inhibitor of tryptase demonstrated superior activity (IC50 at 100 pmol/L tryptase = 1.82 nmol/L) compared to monomeric modes of inhibition. X-ray crystallography validated the dimeric mechanism of inhibition, and 1a demonstrated good oral bioavailability and efficacy in HMC-1 xenograft models. Furthermore, compound 1a demonstrated extremely slow off rates and high selectivity against-related proteases. This highly potent, orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of human tryptase will be an invaluable tool in future studies to explore the therapeutic potential of attenuating the activity of this elusive target.
New estimates of sound speed in water at high pressure (1990)

Measured travel times of acoustic pulses, propagated across a 3000-km section of the north Pacific Ocean, are inconsistent with travel times predicted with the internationally accepted algorithm for the speed of sound in water. The sound-speed algorithm predicts a speed that is too fast at oceanic pressures found below about 1-km depth. An accurate algorithm of sound speed is important for deriving large-scale temperatures from measurements of acoustic travel time across oceans. Accurate estimates of the large-scale thermal field are important for better understanding the ocean's role in determining weather, climate, and the distributions of marine organisms.
Expectation-Conjugate Gradient: An Alternative to EM (2002)

We show a close relationship between bound optimization (BO) algorithms such as Expectation-Maximization and direct optimization (DO) algorithms such as gradient-based methods for parameter learning. We identify analytic conditions under which BO algorithms exhibit QuasiNewton convergence behavior, and conditions under which these algorithms possess poor, first-order convergence. In particular, for the EM algorithm we show that if a certain measure of the proportion of missing information is small, then EM exhibits Quasi-Newton behavior; when it is large, EM converges slowly. Based on this analysis, we present a new Expectation-Conjugate-Gradient (ECG) algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation, and report empirical results, showing that, as predicted by the theory, ECG outperforms EM in certain cases.
Holographic 3D multi-spot two-photon excitation for fast optical stimulation in brain (2017)

We report here a holographic high speed accessing microscope of sensory-driven synaptic activity across all inputs to single living neurons in the context of the intact cerebral cortex. This system is based on holographic multiple beam generation with spatial light modulator, we have demonstrated performance of the holographic excitation efficiency in several in vitro prototype system. 3D weighted iterative Fourier Transform method using the Ewald sphere in consideration of calculation speed has been adopted; multiple locations can be patterned in 3D with single hologram. Standard deviation of intensities of spots are still large due to the aberration of the system and/or hologram calculation, we successfully excited multiple locations of neurons in living mouse brain to monitor the calcium signals.
Control of Innate Immune Activation by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Other Coronaviruses (2021)

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents a public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. After the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 in 2002, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, this is the third outbreak of a highly pathogenic zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) that the world has witnessed in the last 2 decades. Infection with highly pathogenic human CoVs often results in a severe respiratory disease characterized by a delayed and blunted interferon (IFN) response, accompanied by an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines. This indicates that CoVs developed effective mechanisms to overcome the host innate immune response and promote viral replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we describe the key innate immune signaling pathways that are activated during infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other well studied pathogenic CoVs. In addition, we summarize the main strategies that these viruses employ to modulate the host immune responses through the antagonism of IFN induction and effector pathways.
Structural analysis of TL genes of the mouse. (1985)

Three Tla region-specific probes have been generated from the BALB/c genomic cosmid clone C6.3. One probe, pTL1, corresponds to 3' sequences of a thymus leukemia (TL)-encoding gene, whereas pTL2 and pTL3 detect noncoding flanking sequences. The TL specificity of pTL1 was demonstrated by studies of RNA from thymocytes of TL+ and TL- mouse strains and from TL+ and TL- leukemias; presence/absence of pTL1+ transcripts correlated with presence/absence of TL antigens detected serologically. Nine Tla haplotypes were defined by restriction fragment polymorphism with pTL1, and the number of TL genes has been estimated to be greater than or equal to 4 in Tlaa, Tlac and Tlae mice, greater than or equal to 3 in Tlad mice, and greater than or equal to 2 in Tlab and Tlaf mice. A TL-encoding gene (C25.1) from the C57BL/6TL+ leukemia ERLD has been cloned and sequenced, and the exon/intron organization of C25.1 has been deduced from the structure of pTL1+ cDNA clones and from the known organization of H-2 genes. The major structural differences between TL and H-2 genes are in exons coding for the cytoplasmic domain.
Synthesis of Bis(arylethynyl)pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles and Effect of Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Their Photophysical Behavior (2018)

3,6-Bis(arylethynyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles were synthesized through a two-step procedure involving double direct alkynylation of the electron-rich core followed by Sonogashira coupling. In comparison with the parent tetraarylo-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles and benzo-fused pyrrolopyrroles, these new dyes showed moderately redshifted absorption. Almost all derivatives showed positive fluorescence solvatochromism and, for the first time, red-emitting pyrrolopyrroles were obtained. Computational studies revealed that, in most cases, there is negligible change in the geometry between ground and excited states. Interestingly, there was a fundamental difference between pyrrolopyrroles possessing electron-withdrawing substituents at positions 2 and 5 and their analogs lacking these substituents. The former dyes behaved like dipolar chromophores with the lowest excited state both one-photon and two-photon allowed, which corresponds to intramolecular charge transfer occurring along the branches perpendicular to the pyrrolopyrrole long axis. In compounds lacking electron-withdrawing substituents at positions 2 and 5, intramolecular charge transfer took place along the long axis of pyrrolopyrrole and consequently the one-photon transitions are not two-photon allowed. Despite displaying quadrupolar core-to-peripheral intramolecular charge transfer, these derivatives showed two-photon absorption cross sections in the NIR1 region comparable to tetraaryl-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles lacking π-expansion (up to about 500 GM).
Extrinsically derived TNF is primarily responsible for limiting antiviral CD8+ T cell response magnitude (2017)

TNF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells. As a consequence of the widespread expression of its receptors (TNFR1 and 2), TNF plays a role in many important biological processes. In the context of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, TNF has variably been implicated in mediating immunopathology as well as suppression of the immune response. Although a number of cell types are able to produce TNF, the ability of CD8+ T cells to produce TNF following viral infection is a hallmark of their effector function. As such, the regulation and role of CD8+ T cell-derived TNF following viral infection is of great interest. Here, we show that the biphasic production of TNF by CD8+ T cells following in vitro stimulation corresponds to distinct patterns of epigenetic modifications. Further, we show that a global loss of TNF during IAV infection results in an augmentation of the peripheral virus-specific CD8+ T cell response. Subsequent adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that this attenuation of the CD8+ T cell response was largely, but not exclusively, conferred by extrinsic TNF, with intrinsically-derived TNF making only modest contributions. In conclusion, TNF exerts an immunoregulatory role on CD8+ T cell responses following IAV infection, an effect that is largely mediated by extrinsically-derived TNF.
High altitude is associated with pTau deposition, neuroinflammation, and myelin loss (2022)

Mammals are able to adapt to high altitude (HA) if appropriate acclimation occurs. However, specific occupations (professional climbers, pilots, astronauts and other) can be exposed to HA without acclimation and be at a higher risk of brain consequences. In particular, US Air Force U2-pilots have been shown to develop white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI. Whether WMH are due to hypoxia or hypobaria effects is not understood. We compared swine brains exposed to 5000 feet (1524 m) above sea level (SL) with 21% fraction inspired O<sub>2</sub> (FiO<sub>2</sub>) (Control group [C]; n = 5) vs. 30,000 feet (9144 m) above SL with 100% FiO<sub>2</sub> group (hypobaric group [HYPOBAR]; n = 6). We performed neuropathologic assessments, molecular analyses, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western Blotting (WB), and stereology analyses to detect differences between HYPOBAR vs. Controls. Increased neuronal insoluble hyperphosphorylated-Tau (pTau) accumulation was observed across different brain regions, at histological level, in the HYPOBAR vs. Controls. Stereology-based cell counting demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.01) in pTau positive neurons between HYPOBAR and C in the Hippocampus. Higher levels of soluble pTau in the Hippocampus of HYPOBAR vs. Controls were also detected by WB analyses. Additionally, WB demonstrated an increase of IBA-1 in the Cerebellum and a decrease of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the Hippocampus and Cerebellum of HYPOBAR vs. Controls. These findings illustrate, for the first time, changes occurring in large mammalian brains after exposure to nonhypoxic-hypobaria and open new pathophysiological views on the interaction among hypobaria, pTau accumulation, neuroinflammation, and myelination in large mammals exposed to HA.