gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEMEditor: a Virtual Reality System to Enhance Accuracy and Precision of Digital Elevation Models. (2003)

A single-phase electrical supply is normally used to energize the electrodes of the belt worn by the subject for medical impedance tomography. In the process, the supply is switched from one adjacent pair of electrodes to the next, so that all such pairs are energized in turn. However, if a three-phase voltage of constant amplitude were to be employed, with electrodes uninterruptedly connected to the lines of the supply in phase sequence around the periphery, and the current flowing through each electrode were to be simultaneously measured, it will be shown that, in principle, data of higher utility would result. This paper examines that possibility, and considers the field spatial harmonics arising in consequence of the electrode geometry. Expressions are obtained for the magnitude of those harmonics in close proximity to the surface of the belt, from which the spatial harmonic components of the applied field at deeper levels can be calculated. It is shown that if bar electrodes are employed, the spatial harmonic composition of the field is critically dependent on the ratio of the width of the electrodes to the width of the gaps between them.
Coenzyme B12 can be produced by engineered Escherichia coli under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions (2014)

Coenzyme B12 (Vitamin B12 ) is one of the most complex biomolecules and an essential cofactor required for the catalytic activity of many enzymes. Pseudomonas denitrificans synthesizes coenzyme B12 in an oxygen-dependent manner using a pathway encoded by more than 25 genes that are located in six different operons. Escherichia coli, a robust and suitable host for metabolic engineering was used to produce coenzyme B12 . These genes were cloned into three compatible plasmids and expressed heterologously in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Real-time PCR, SDS-PAGE analysis and bioassay showed that the recombinant E. coli expressed the coenzyme B12 synthetic genes and successfully produced coenzyme B12 . However, according to the quantitative determination by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, the amount of coenzyme B12 produced by the recombinant E. coli (0.21 ± 0.02 μg/g cdw) was approximately 13-fold lower than that by P. denitrificans (2.75 ± 0.22 μg/g cdw). Optimization of the culture conditions to improve the production of coenzyme B12 by the recombinant E. coli was successful, and the highest titer (0.65 ± 0.03 μg/g cdw) of coenzyme B12 was obtained. Interestingly, although the synthesis of coenzyme B12 in P. denitrificans is strictly oxygen-dependent, the recombinant E. coli could produce coenzyme B12 under anaerobic conditions.
DNA methylation markers as a triage test for identification of cervical lesions in a high risk human papillomavirus positive screening cohort (2018)

Objective triage strategies are required to prevent unnecessary referrals for colposcopy in population-based screening programs using primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing. We have identified several DNA methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity for detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (CIN2+) in women referred for colposcopy. Our study assessed diagnostic potential of these methylation markers in a hrHPV-positive screening cohort. All six markers (JAM3, EPB41L3, C13orf18, ANKRD18CP, ZSCAN1 and SOX1) showed similar association across histology in the hrHPV-positive cohort when compared to the Dutch cohort (each p > 0.15). Sensitivity for CIN2+ was higher using methylation panel C13orf18/EPB41L3/JAM3 compared to the other 2 panels (80% vs. 60% (ANKRD18CP/C13orf18/JAM3) and 63% (SOX1/ZSCAN1), p = 0.01). For CIN3+ all three methylation panels showed comparable sensitivity ranging from 68% (13/19) to 95% (18/19). Specificity of SOX1/ZSCAN1 panel (84%, 167/200) was considerably higher compared to ANKRD18CP/C13orf18/JAM3 (68%, 136/200, p = 2 × 10<sup>-5</sup> ) and C13orf18/EPB41L3/JAM3 (66%, 132/200, p = 2 × 10<sup>-7</sup> ). High negative predictive value (NPV) (91-95% and 96-99%) was observed for CIN2+ and CIN3+, for all three methylation panels, while positive predictive value (PPV) varied from 25 to 40% for CIN2+ and 15-27% for CIN3+. Interestingly, 118/235 samples were negative for all six markers (including 106 controls (89.8%), 6 CIN1 (5.1%), 5 CIN2 (4.2%) and 1 CIN3 (0.8%)). Methylation results from both independent cohorts were comparable as well as high sensitivity for detection of cervical cancer and its high-grade precursors in hrHPV-positive population. Our study therefore validates these methylation marker panels as triage test either in hrHPV-based or abnormal cytology-based screening programs.
A 77-GHz FMCW radar transceiver sourced through a 19-GHz SiGe Colpitts oscillator (2009)

An integrated 19-GHz Colpitts oscillator for a 77-GHz FMCW automotive radar frontend application is presented. The Colpitts oscillator has been realized in a fully differential circuit architecture. The VCO's 19 GHz output signal is buffered with an emitter follower stage and used as a LO signal source for a 77-GHz radar transceiver architecture. The LO frequency is quadrupled and amplified to drive the switching quad of a Gilbert-type mixer. As the quadrupler-mixer chip is required to describe the radar-sensor it is introduced, but the main focus of this paper aims the design of the sensor's LO source. In addition, the VCO-chip provides a divide-by-8 stage. The divider is either used for on-wafer measurements or later on in a PLL application.
A hardware efficient lithium-ion cell balancing technique utilizing low-volume hybrid DC-DC converter (2017)

This paper introduces a novel battery cell balancing technique for portable applications, where multiple series connected lithium-ion battery cells are utilized. The equal discharge of the battery cells are achieved through a simple modification of a hybrid step-down dc-dc converter, where only an additional resonant inductor is required. Hybrid converters, combining switched-capacitor and inductor based topologies, are gaining popularity in battery powered portable applications due to their attractive features, such as improvement in efficiency and reduction in passive output filter components, compared to a conventional step-down buck converter. By inserting a resonant inductance between the stacked battery cells, equal discharge of multiple cells are provided. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the introduced cell balancing technique in a 98.1 % Efficiency 5W (@5V, 1A Output) hybrid step-down dc-dc converter.
Microwave measurement of shot noise in resonant tunneling diodes (1997)

The room temperature shot noise of a resonant tunneling diode was determined from microwave measurements as a function of bias. An AlAs/GaAs structure with multiple quasibound well states and asymmetric barrier thicknesses was investigated over a bias regime exceeding the first resonance. In contrast to results for single well state devices, significant noise suppression below the classical limit was also observed for bias ranges beyond the first resonance level. This suppression can be explained by competition between the first and second resonance levels for the thick barrier on the emitter side and due to predominately single barrier tunneling in the reverse polarity.
Local Immunosuppression for Vascularized Composite Allografts: Application of Topical FK506-TyroSpheres in a Nonhuman Primate Model (2020)

Transplantation of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) provides a means of restoring complex anatomical and functional units following burns and other disfigurement otherwise not amenable to conventional autologous reconstructive surgery. While short- to intermediate-term VCA survival is largely dependent on patient compliance with medication, the myriad of side effects resulting from lifelong systemic immunosuppression continue to pose a significant challenge. Topical immunosuppression is therefore a logical and attractive alternative for VCA. Current formulations are limited though, by poor skin penetration but this may be mitigated by conjugation of immunosuppressive drugs to TyroSpheres for enhanced delivery. Therefore, we investigated the topical application of FK506-TyroSpheres (in the form of a gel dressing) in a clinically relevant nonhuman primate VCA model to determine if allograft survival could be prolonged at reduced levels of maintenance systemic immunosuppression. Six Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-mismatched cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) served as reciprocal donors and recipients of radial forearm fasciocutaneous flaps. Standard Bacitracin ointment and FK506-TyroSpheres were applied every other day to the VCAs of animals in groups 1 (controls, n = 2) and 2 (experimental, n = 4), respectively, before gradual taper of systemic FK506. Clinical features of VCA rejection still developed when systemic FK506 fell below 10 ng/ml despite application of FK506-TyroSpheres and prolonged VCA survival was not achieved. However, unwanted systemic FK506 absorption was avoided with TyroSphere technology. Further refinement to optimize local drug delivery profiles to achieve and maintain therapeutic delivery of FK506 with TyroSpheres is underway, leveraging significant experience in controlled drug delivery to mitigate acute rejection of VCAs.
P1–361: Improved interpretation of amyloid tracer kinetic data through model‐based analysis (2013)

Tracer kinetic approaches such as stable-isotope labeled kinetics have been proposed to measure production and clearance rates of amyloid 1. In this experimental medicine study, timecourse data on CSF tracer kinetics and ELISA-based total CSF Aβ were obtained under unaltered, mild and potent production inhibition in healthy human. Mechanistic pathway model-based analysis approaches were compared with statistical approaches to enhance understanding of the utility and interpretation of tracer kinetic data. Subjects (n=5/arm) received single doses of placebo, low or high dose BACE inhibitor (MK-8511) with 13 C-labelled leucine infused from 5 to 15 hours post-dose. Serial plasma and lumbar CSF samples were obtained for determination of drug concentration, total Aβ, and fraction of leucine and Aβ labeled. Fraction-label incorporation up-slope and newly generated Aβ were determined. Additionally data were fit to a mechanistic amyloid pathway model which included terms for the major steps of the amyloid pathway (precursor production, amyloid brain production and distribution to the lumbar CSF sampling site). The ELISA-based total Aβ data exhibited a larger drug effect than the fraction-label up-slope in both BACE arms. Mean (90% CI) total Aβ AUC 12–24hr ratios relative to baseline were 0.76 (0.65, 0.86) and 0.40 (0.33, 0.48) for low and high doses, respectively, while the corresponding changes in up-slope vs placebo were 0.88 (0.76, 1.03) and 0.67 (0.53, 0.84). The model was able to simultaneously account for the timecourses of total Aβ, fraction labeled Aβ, and newly generated Aβ with a single drug action (inhibition of BACE) suggesting no disconnect in the level of brain production inhibition implied by the differing effect sizes noted above. Simulations predicted that the up-slope was dependent on factors beyond level of production inhibition such as timing of the 13 C-leucine infusion. Tracer kinetic approaches have the potential to enhance understanding of the dynamics of the amyloid pathway. The up-slope measure appears to under-estimate the level of brain production inhibition during BACE treatment. Model-based analysis accounting for tracer dynamics throughout the amyloid pathway enhances interpretation of data and allows for more accurate estimation of drug effects. Ref 1: Bateman et al, 2006 Nat. Med.
Study on Risk Identification and Prevention of Power Transformer Based on Sampling Inspection Theory (2014)

Power transformer is one of the key equipment for power grid, and its quality has important effects to the security, stability and economic operation of the power grid. The government sampling inspection pass rate of 10kV power transformer is less than 80% in China, which causes serious impact to the product quality and brings serious security risks. It has great significance to study on the risk identification and prevention method. In this paper, the sampling inspection theoretical analysis of power transformer is carried out with the mathematical statistics and probability theory. Its application in the quality risk identification is studied on. The risk prevention effect of the sampling inspection is studied based on game theory. It is used both on the large scale power transformer and distribution transformer. The sampling inspection has the characteristics such as flexibility, randomness, science, and economics. It can be used in large range with flexible way, especially for the difficult test items. Random is the foundation for the scientific sampling inspection. The approach determines that it can reflect the population quality level with small cost, which has obvious economic benefits. In practice, sampling inspection should focus on the key aspects, including the design of sampling inspection plan, the selection of the sampling mode, the cost and the corresponding punishment.
Chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis (CEPS) using omniligases and selective peptiligases Efficient biocatalysts for assembling linear and cyclic peptides and protein conjugates (2016)

The large-scale chemical manufacture of peptides with a length exceeding ca. 30 amino acids is still a huge challenge. Using chemical approaches such as solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) synthetic yields decrease significantly with increasing peptide chain length. The crude purity and overall yield can be dramatically improved using a fragment condensation strategy. Unfortunately, chemical fragment condensation leads to epimerization (except of Gly and Pro residues) and native chemical ligation is often not feasible (no Cys present) and difficult to scale-up due to the thioester instability. Alternatively, enzymes can be used for peptide fragment condensation without any epimerization. To minimize the intrinsic hydrolytic activity of enzymes, peptide coupling enzymes can be improved by protein engineering. Recently, we described the discovery of peptiligase, an efficient biocatalyst for assembling linear and cyclic peptides. Herein, we describe the further engineering of peptiligase to improve the enzyme's synthetic efficiency, substrate scope and activity. Several peptiligase variants with a unique substrate specificity were found. By combining multiple positive mutations, a variant called omniligase was obtained that can couple virtually any peptide sequence. The application of specific peptiligases and omniligase for the synthesis of linear and cyclic peptides, and peptide-to-protein conjugates is discussed.
ω-Conotoxin GVIA Mimetics that Bind and Inhibit Neuronal Cav2.2 Ion Channels (2012)

The neuronal voltage-gated N-type calcium channel (Ca(v)2.2) is a validated target for the treatment of neuropathic pain. A small library of anthranilamide-derived ω-Conotoxin GVIA mimetics bearing the diphenylmethylpiperazine moiety were prepared and tested using three experimental measures of calcium channel blockade. These consisted of a ¹²⁵I-ω-conotoxin GVIA displacement assay, a fluorescence-based calcium response assay with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and a whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology assay with HEK293 cells stably expressing human Ca(v)2.2 channels. A subset of compounds were active in all three assays. This is the first time that compounds designed to be mimics of ω-conotoxin GVIA and found to be active in the ¹²⁵I-ω-conotoxin GVIA displacement assay have also been shown to block functional ion channels in a dose-dependent manner.
A 3-year consecutive survey on current status of acquired inhibitors against coagulation factors in Japan (2008)

わが国における後天性凝固因子インヒビター患者の実態を把握する目的で3年間にわたるアンケート調査を行った．42施設から56例が登録されたが，うち55例が後天性血友病Aであり，その年齢分布は12-85（中央値70）歳であった．基礎疾患は自己免疫疾患と悪性腫瘍がそれぞれ17％を占め，出血症状は皮下出血や筋肉内出血の他，全経過中に重篤な出血が11％にみられた．インヒビターの最高値は1.1-758（中央値29.5）Bethesda 単位/mlであり，診断時に第VIII因子活性が同時に検出されたものが54％を占めた．止血療法はバイパス製剤の使用が多く，免疫抑制療法はプレドニゾロンの単独または他の免疫抑制剤との併用が多かった．経過を追跡しえた40例中21例でインヒビターが消失したが，9例は寛解に至らず，10例は死亡した．予後に影響を及ぼす因子として，止血療法，免疫抑制療法に対する反応性ならびに，経過中の感染症合併の有無で有意差がみられ，本症の治療に際しては，止血管理とともに感染症のコントロールが重要と思われた．
Perfusion Pressure Is a Critical Determinant of the Intratumoral Extravasation of Oncolytic Viruses (2015)

Antitumor efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy is determined by the density and distribution of infectious centers within the tumor, which may be heavily influenced by the permeability and blood flow in tumor microvessels. Here, we investigated whether systemic perfusion pressure, a key driver of tumor blood flow, could influence the intratumoral extravasation of systemically administered oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in myeloma tumor-bearing mice. Exercise was used to increase mean arterial pressure, and general anesthesia to decrease it. A recombinant VSV expressing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), which concentrates radiotracers at sites of infection, was administered intravenously to exercising or anesthetized mice, and nuclear NIS reporter gene imaging was used to noninvasively track the density and spatial distribution of intratumoral infectious centers. Anesthesia resulted in decreased intratumoral infection density, while exercise increased the density and uniformity of infectious centers. Perfusion state also had a significant impact on the antitumor efficacy of the VSV therapy. In conclusion, quantitative dynamic radiohistologic imaging was used to noninvasively interrogate delivery of oncolytic virotherapy, highlighting the critical importance of perfusion pressure as a driver of intratumoral delivery and efficacy of oncolytic viruses.
Self-amplified passive optical network using 8B10B line coding properties in Gigabit-Ethernet protocol (2005)

A cost-effective self-amplified network in a Gigabit-Ethernet passive optical network is demonstrated using 8B10B line coding properties. We explain the operational principles and experimental results including transmitter and receiver margin for an upstream channel.
Validation of Virus NAT for HIV, HCV, HBV and HAV Using Post-Mortal Blood Samples (2012)

Based on the presented validation, postmortem donor samples can be tested with the automated DRK Baden-Würtemberg-Hesse NAT system.
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INCREASES THE PRODUCTION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO AND IN RATS IN VIVO (1987)

The vascular endothelium plays an important role in fibrinolysis by producing tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). The production of these factors by cultured endothelial cells (EC) is under separate control and influenced by various mediators, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). Similar to IL-1, the monokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces in EC various membrane bound components: tissue factor, HLA-A,B antigens and leukocyte adhesion molecules. We here report that TNF increased the production of PAI by human EC and increased PAI plasma levels in rats. In the presence of serum, TNF increased the production of PAI by cultured human EC from umbilical vein (2-fold) and from foreskin microvessels (2 to 10-fold). This was demonstrated by titration of t-PA to a fixed amount of EC conditioned medium, by reverse fibrin autography, and by immunoprecipitation with specific anti-PAI-1 IgG. No change in t-PA activity was found by fibrin autography. The stimulation of PAI activity by TNF was found at 4 U/ml and reached a maximum at 500 U/ml; it was not prevented by the addition of polymycin B. Stimulation of PAI production by TNF or IL-1 was observed after 2 h and sustained for at least 24 h. Separate addition of TNF or IL-1 gave similar maximal stimulation of PAI production by EC at 500 U/ml and 5 U/ml, respectively, while the addition of both mediators resulted in a 2-fold larger increase. This indicates an additive effect of TNF and IL-1. TNF did not change PAI production by human hepatocytes. To evaluate the effect of TNF in vivo, rats received a bolus injection of 250,000 U TNF/kg. Two h after injection, a 5-fold rise of circulating PAI levels was found (compared to control rats). Thereafter, the levels returned to basal values over a 10 h period. A decrease in circulating white blood cells was observed during the initial 3 h. The number of circulating platelets did not change. We conclude that stimulation of the vascular bed by TNF not only results in a change in surface characteristics of the endothelium, but also can result in systemic changes. The increase in PAI levels by TNF may decrease fibrinolysis.
ICF gamma-ray reaction history diagnostics (2010)

Reaction history measurements, such as nuclear bang time and burn width, are fundamental components of diagnosing ICF implosions and will be employed to help steer the National Ignition Facility (NIF) towards ignition. Fusion gammas provide a direct measure of nuclear interaction rate (unlike x-rays) without being compromised by Doppler spreading (unlike neutrons). Gas Cherenkov Detectors that convert fusion gamma rays to UV/visible Cherenkov photons for collection by fast optical recording systems have established their usefulness in illuminating ICF physics in several experimental campaigns at OMEGA. In particular, bang time precision better than 25 ps has been demonstrated, well below the 50 ps accuracy requirement defined by the NIF. NIF Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostics are being developed based on optimization of sensitivity, bandwidth, dynamic range, cost, and NIF-specific logistics, requirements and extreme radiation environment. Implementation will occur in two phases. The first phase consists of four channels mounted to the outside of the target chamber at ∼6 m from target chamber center (GRH-6m) coupled to ultra-fast photo-multiplier tubes (PMT). This system is intended to operate in the 1013–1017 neutron yield range expected during the early THD campaign. It will have high enough bandwidth to provide accurate bang times and burn widths for the expected THD reaction histories (> 80 ps fwhm). Successful operation of the first GRH-6m channel has been demonstrated at OMEGA, allowing a verification of instrument sensitivity, timing and EMI/background suppression. The second phase will consist of several channels located just inside the target bay shield wall at 15 m from target chamber center (GRH-15m) with optical paths leading through the cement shield wall to well-shielded streak cameras and PMTs. This system is intended to operate in the 1016–1020 yield range expected during the DT ignition campaign, providing higher temporal resolution for the expected burn widths of 10–20 ps associated with ignition. Multiple channels at each phase will allow for increased redundancy, reliability, accuracy and flexibility. In addition, inherent energy thresholding capability combined with this multiplicity will allow exploration of interesting gamma-ray physics well beyond the ignition campaign.
Short-term wind power forecasting using nonnegative sparse coding (2015)

State-of-the-art statistical learning techniques are adapted in this contribution for real-time wind power forecasting. Spatio-temporal wind power outputs are modeled as a linear combination of “few” atoms in a dictionary. By exploiting geographical information of wind farms, a graph Laplacian-based regularizer encourages positive correlation of wind power levels of adjacent farms. Real-time forecasting is achieved by online nonnegative sparse coding with elastic net regularization. The resultant convex optimization problems are efficiently solved using a block coordinate descent solver. Numerical tests on real data corroborate the merits of the proposed approach, which outperforms competitive alternatives in forecasting accuracy.