gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of 200 Days Valganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in High‐Risk Kidney Transplant Recipients (2010)

Late-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a significant problem with a standard 3-month prophylaxis regimen. This multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of 200 days' versus 100 days' valganciclovir prophylaxis (900 mg once daily) in 326 high-risk (D+/R-) kidney allograft recipients. Significantly fewer patients in the 200-day group versus the 100-day group developed confirmed CMV disease up to month 12 posttransplant (16.1% vs. 36.8%; p < 0.0001). Confirmed CMV viremia was also significantly lower in the 200-day group (37.4% vs. 50.9%; p = 0.015 at month 12). There was no significant difference in the rate of biopsy-proven acute rejection between the groups (11% vs. 17%, respectively, p = 0.114). Adverse events occurred at similar rates between the groups and the majority were rated mild-to-moderate in intensity and not related to study medication. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that extending valganciclovir prophylaxis (900 mg once daily) to 200 days significantly reduces the incidence of CMV disease and viremia through to 12 months compared with 100 days' prophylaxis, without significant additional safety concerns associated with longer treatment. The number needed to treat to avoid one additional patient with CMV disease up to 12 months posttransplant is approximately 5.
[Anti tumor activity of farnesyl transferase inhibitor]. (1997)

Posttranslational farnesylation by farnesyltransferase (FTase) is critical for the function of ras oncogene product and FTase has attracted attention as the new target of anticancer agents. B956 and B1352, obtained from the screening of CAAX analog inhibitors of FTase, induced flat reversion and inhibited the anchorage independent growth of ras transformant and ras mutated human tumor cell lines through the inhibition of posttranslational modification of ras p21. Inhibition of tumor growth in vivo was caused by inhibition of ras processing. Methyl ester prodrug of B956 and B1352 showed antitumor activity in ras mutated human tumor xenograft model. FTase inhibitor has the potential to be developed as therapy for ras mutated human tumors.
Orthonormal Vector Fitting: A Robust Macromodeling Tool for Rational Approximation of Frequency Domain Responses (2007)

Vector Fitting is widely accepted as a robust macromodeling tool for approximating frequency domain responses of complex physical structures. In this paper, the Orthonormal Vector Fitting technique is presented, which uses orthonormal rational functions to improve the numerical stability of the method. This reduces the numerical sensitivity of the system equations to the choice of starting poles significantly and limits the overall macromodeling time
Budesonide in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: The first year of experience in clinical practice (2005)

Budesonide is effective in a majority of patients with ileocolonic Crohn's disease and microscopic colitis, which is consistent with results reported from clinical trials. A majority of patients with pouchitis also benefit from budesonide therapy, but prospective controlled trials are necessary to clarify the benefit in this group.
Analysis of transcriptional response to heat stress in Rhazya stricta (2016)

This study contributed new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of thermotolerance in the wild plant species R. stricta, an arid land, perennial evergreen shrub common in the Arabian Peninsula and Indian subcontinent. Enzymes from several pathways are interacting in the biosynthesis of soluble sugars, polyols, secondary metabolites, phenolics and methionine and are the primary contributors to thermotolerance in this species.
Balancing of battery networks via constrained optimal control (2012)

This paper defines two control problems: the capacity maximization and the battery balancing problems. In the first part, we compare the two problems by analyzing properties of their solutions. In the second part, two algorithms are presented for solving the capacity maximization and battery balancing problems respectively. These algorithms are based on constrained optimization techniques. We prove asymptotic convergence of both algorithms and present a numerical example.
Impairment of cytotoxic anti-tumor response by hypoxic stress (P2011) (2013)

Abstract Hypoxia is a central hallmark of tumor microenvironment and a pivotal driving force of malignant progression. Although hypoxia has been reported to play a major role in the acquisition of tumor resistance to cell death, the molecular mechanisms that enable the survival of hypoxic cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. Recently, attention has focused on the mechanisms by which hypoxic tumour cells alter their transcriptional profiles allowing them to persist under conditions of hypoxic stress. Here we demonstrate that NANOG, a transcription factor associated with stem cell self renewal, is induced under hypoxic conditions at both transcriptional and translational levels and contributes to the decreased susceptibility of target cells to specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis. The precise mechanisms by which NANOG regulates tumor susceptibility to CTL-mediated lysis will be discussed. In addition since we have demonstrated that in vivo inhibition of hypoxia restores cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and promotes in vivo tumor regression, we will also discuss the relationship between hypoxic stress and survival pathways associated with hypoxic stress in particular the emergence of cancer stem cells and autophagy induction.
Inheritance of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), virulence to Gb2 and Gb3 resistance genes in wheat (1989)

The inheritance of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), virulence to wheat, Triticum aestivum L., was investigated. Clones of greenbug biotypes C, E, and F were induced into the sexual cycle, reciprocally crossed, and inbred. The resulting progeny were cloned via parthenogenetic reproduction, so their virulence to resistance genes Gb2 ('Amigo') and Gb3 ('Largo') could be established using diagnostic feeding lesions. The data for both resistance sources fit a duplicate gene – modifier gene inheritance model where avirulence was dominant and virulence was recessive. Virulence to genes Gb2 and Gb3 was conditioned by duplicate genes and a dominant modifier gene epistatic to one of the duplicate genes. Linkage was definite among the genes conditioning virulence to Gb2 and Gb3 when heterozygous males were used in crosses, as a result of achiasmic spermatogenesis. When homozygous males were used in reciprocal crosses, 50% recombination occurred. This unique linkage affinity suggests that the multiple genes conditioning virulence to Gb2 and Gb3 reside on the same chromosomes but are ≥50 map units apart. Specific aphid–host genetic interactions did not fully conform to the gene-for-gene inheritance hypothesis normally associated with host–parasite relationships. Nevertheless, polygenic inheritance of greenbug virulence in wheat could easily be regarded as a gene-for-gene relationship because the duplicate gene – modifier gene mode of inheritance still influences a single gene product in the aphid.Key words: Schizaphis graminum, Triticum aestivum, insect resistance, insect virulence, insect biotypes.
The role of the unfolded protein response in dengue virus pathogenesis (2017)

Symptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infections range from mild fever to severe haemorrhagic disease and death. Host-viral interactions play a significant role in deciding the fate of the infection. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a prosurvival cellular reaction induced in response to DENV-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. The UPR has complex interactions with the cellular autophagy machinery, apoptosis, and innate immunity. DENV has evolved to manipulate the UPR to facilitate its replication and to evade host immunity. Our knowledge of this intertwined network of events is continuously developing. A better understanding of the UPR mediated antiviral and proviral effects will shed light on dengue disease pathogenesis and may help development of anti-DENV therapeutics. This review summarizes the role of the UPR in viral replication, autophagy, and DENV-induced inflammation to describe how a host response contributes to DENV pathogenesis.
Speculative Parallelization in Decoupled Look-ahead (2011)

While a canonical out-of-order engine can effectively exploit implicit parallelism in sequential programs, its effectiveness is often hindered by instruction and data supply imperfections manifested as branch mispredictions and cache misses. Accurate and deep look-ahead guided by a slice of the executed program is a simple yet effective approach to mitigate the performance impact of branch mispredictions and cache misses. Unfortunately, program slice-guided look ahead is often limited by the speed of the look-ahead code slice, especially for irregular programs. In this paper, we attempt to speed up the look-ahead agent using speculative parallelization, which is especially suited for the task. First, slicing for look-ahead tends to reduce important data dependences that prohibit successful speculative parallelization. Second, the task for look-ahead is not correctness critical and thus naturally tolerates dependence violations. This enables an implementation to forgo violation detection altogether, simplifying architectural support tremendously. In a straightforward implementation, incorporating speculative parallelization to the look-ahead agent further improves system performance by up to 1.39x with an average of 1.13x.
Analytic design method for optimal imaging: coupling three ray sets using two free-form lens profiles (2012)

In this work, a new two-dimensional optics design method is proposed that enables the coupling of three ray sets with two lens surfaces. The method is especially important for optical systems designed for wide field of view and with clearly separated optical surfaces. Fermat's principle is used to deduce a set of functional differential equations fully describing the entire optical system. The presented general analytic solution makes it possible to calculate the lens profiles. Ray tracing results for calculated 15th order Taylor polynomials describing the lens profiles demonstrate excellent imaging performance and the versatility of this new analytic design method.
Numerical simulation of oil flow in a power steering pump (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This work presents a numerical model to simulate oil flow in power steering pumps. A detailed three-dimensional geometry was used, considering rotor, inlets and outlets. Moving mesh capability was used because of the variations of the domain geometry with the pump rotation. Two operating conditions were simulated: 3000 rpm and 8000 rpm. The results investigated low pressure regions which could give place to cavitation problems and recirculation zones, as well as geometric details used to improve performance and reduce of pressure fluctuations and noise levels.&lt;/div&gt;
Bidirectional prefrontal-hippocampal dynamics organize information transfer during sleep in humans (2019)

How are memories transferred from short-term to long-term storage? Systems-level memory consolidation is thought to be dependent on the coordinated interplay of cortical slow waves, thalamo-cortical sleep spindles and hippocampal ripple oscillations. However, it is currently unclear how the selective interaction of these cardinal sleep oscillations is organized to support information reactivation and transfer. Here, using human intracranial recordings, we demonstrate that the prefrontal cortex plays a key role in organizing the ripple-mediated information transfer during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We reveal a temporally precise form of coupling between prefrontal slow-wave and spindle oscillations, which actively dictates the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue and information transfer. Our results suggest a model of the human sleeping brain in which rapid bidirectional interactions, triggered by the prefrontal cortex, mediate hippocampal activation to optimally time subsequent information transfer to the neocortex during NREM sleep.
MR Angiography in Portal Hypertension (1991)

This study was performed to compare time-of-flight MR angiography in detecting varices with conventional portography and endoscopy in patients with chronic liver disease and to compare MR tomographic images with projection angiograms. In eight patients findings on conventional arterial portography (considered the gold standard) were compared with the MR findings. Varices were graded by size and extent on a scale of 0-3. Splenic varices were detected in all patients by MR but were scored larger on portography in 6 (55%) of 11 comparisons. All left gastric varices were identified at MR and were rated within one grade of those seen at portography. All esophageal varices were identified at MR. Among 12 patients with upper endoscopy, MR rated varices significantly (p less than 0.05) larger than endoscopy in 8 (67%) of 12 comparisons. Varices were detected in two patients on MR that were not seen endoscopically. Extraperitoneal varices were identified in six (75%) of eight patients on MR and were only visualized in one patient at portography. Varices were equally well detected using either axial or coronal images. No significant difference existed when tomographic images were compared with projection images. Time-of-flight MR angiography is a valid technique for noninvasive imaging of abdominal varices. Tomographic single slice images are generally as good as projection images except possibly in the demonstration of extraperitoneal varices.
Consolidation of Polycrystalline Yttria Powder By Millimeter-Wave Sintering for Laser Host Applications (2007)

Summary form only given. We report recent results of an investigation of millimeter-wave processing of yttria (Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) for fabrication of transparent, high strength polycrystalline ceramic laser hosts for high energy laser (HEL) applications. The objective is to produce polycrystalline materials with optical quality comparable to that of a single crystal. It is difficult to produce yttria single crystals because of the phase transformation around 2000degC and the high melting temperature which is over 2400degC. While single crystals have high thermal conductivity and can operate at high powers, they are costly and limited in size and dopant concentration. Significant advantages of polycrystalline materials compared to single-crystals, are lower processing temperature, higher gain as a result of higher dopant concentrations, faster and less expensive fabrication, and the possibility of larger devices. Millimeter-wave processing has been proposed as an alternative method to solve the problems of both conventional vacuum sintering and low frequency microwave sintering, such as low heating rates, poor coupling, and unfavorable thermal gradients. A major component of the NRL millimeter-wave processing facility is a 20-kW, continuous-wave (CW), 83-GHz gyrotron oscillator (GYCOM, Ltd.). Translucent yttria has been successfully sintered with millimeter-wave beams with up to 99% theoretical density. A partially transparent yttria ceramic sample has also been achieved using the millimeter-wave sintering process. Several factors impact the quality of the sintered material including the presence of agglomerates, impurities, processing atmosphere, sintering aids, and thermal gradients. Efforts to improve the transparency are in progress.
Ethanol‐mediated suppression of IL‐37 licenses alcoholic liver disease (2017)

We provide evidence for an exogenous noxae that suppresses Interleukin 37 expression which limits its anti-inflammatory effects in alcoholic liver disease.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Small-Molecule Inhibitors of USP1 Target ID1 Degradation in Leukemic Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 90KB, Legends for Supplemental Figures 1 through 6.&lt;/p&gt;
A Comparison of Fine-Grained Alumina-Zirconia Prepared by Slip Casting and Electrophoretic Deposition. (1999)

Al2O3-dispersed ZrO2-3mol%Y2O3 composites have been prepared by slip casting and electrophoretic deposition to compare the sinterability and microstructure, using three commercially-available Al2O3 powders. Composites were prepared by pressureless sintering at 1300°C. The consolidated (green) density, sintered density, grain size and dispersion are compared for both colloidal techniques with the aim of improving the homogeneity and reducing the necessary temperature for sintering.
Silicon-package co-design of a 45nm 200MHz bandwidth CMOS RF-to-Serdes transceiver system on chip (SoC) (2016)

In this paper we detail the silicon-package electrical co-design of a 45nm CMOS, 400MHz to 4GHz, 3GPP TDD & FDD, RF-to-Serdes base station transceiver system on chip (SoC). Electrical optimization of the silicon-package RF paths, to achieve desired performance, was achieved through a coupled circuit-to-electromagnetic co-design modeling and simulation flow. Laboratory measurements, on a real SoC system, are presented that validate the integrity of the modeling and simulation methodology.
Extreme Thinning of Si Wafers for Via-Last and Multi-wafer Stacking Applications (2018)

3D-System-On-Chip (3D-SoC) technology schemes will require more and more wafer-to-wafer bonding combined with extreme wafer thinning and via-last TSV (Through Silicon Vias) connections. In this work, we focus on the thinning process to target a top wafer thickness in the 5μm range with a very tight thickness control. Wafer thinning is performed by subsequently back-grinding, Si CMP and Si dry etch based on an in-situ NIR (near-infrared) end-point detection system. Optimization of the dry etch process has been performed by looking into various chamber configurations in order to minimize the Si thickness profile variations. A detailed characterization of the thin Si profile was done by using dedicated metrology tools, and special attention has been given to the wafer edge inspection.
Generalization of the theory of far-field caustics by the catastrophe theory (1982)

To generalize the theory of far-field caustics, three theorems and several corollaries are presented in this paper. Using the law of reflection and catastrophe theory we have established conditions to predict caustic patterns in a 3-D space, which were created from the reflection of a light beam from an analytically known surface. The general theory was readily reduced to the already known cases of diffraction, indicating the validity of the general theory. Experimental evidence in two simple cases of reflectors, consisting of triangular and rectangular membranes, corroborated the results of the theory.
Engineering design of superconducting magnets for a torsatron experiment (1979)

The design of superconducting magnets for a torsatron plasma confinement experiment are presented. A torsatron is a variation of a stellarator which requires half the helical windings and no toroidal field coil. Both the toroidal and poloidal fields are produced by a single set of helical winding. Due to the particular distribution of magnetic forces in the helical windings, the design of a torsatron configuration requires special consideration. In this paper, we present the force distribution on the helical coils. For the special case of uniformly distributed winding, magnetic forces and energy are calculated directly from formula for the inductance of toroids and dipoles. Significant reduction in the standard requirement can be achieved if the winding angle can be set at a particular value.
Development of High Strength Hot-rolled Sheet Steel Consisting of Ferrite and Nanometer-sized Carbides (2004)

A ferritic steel precipitation-strengthened by nanometer-sized carbides was developed to obtain a high strength hot-rolled sheet steel having tensile strength of 780 MPa grade with excellent stretch flange formability. Manganese in a content of 1.5% and molybdenum in a content of 0.2% were added to 0.04% carbon Ti-bearing steel in order to lower austenite-ferrite transformation temperature for fine carbides and to retard generating of pearlite and large cementites, respectively. Tensile strength of hot-rolled sheet steel increased with titanium content and it was achieved to 800 MPa in a 0.09% Ti steel. Microstructure of the 0.09%Ti steel was ferrite without pearlite and large cementites. Fine carbides of 3 nm in diameter were observed in rows in the ferrite matrix of the 0.09% Ti steel with transmission electron microscope. The characteristic arrangement of the nanometer-sized carbides indicates that the carbides were formed at austenite-ferrite interfaces during transformation. By energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the carbides were found to contain molybdenum in the same atomic concentration as titanium. Crystal structure of the nanometer-sized carbides was determined to be NaCl-type by X-ray diffractometry. The calculated amount of precipitation-strengthening by the carbides was approximately 300 MPa. This is two or three times higher than that of conventional Ti-bearing high strength hot-rolled sheet steels.Based on the results obtained in the laboratory investigation, mill trial was carried out. The developed hot-rolled high strength sheet steel exhibited excellent stretch flange formability.
REMOVAL OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES OF CHLOROFORM AND BENZENE BY CARBONIZED WOODY MATERIALS (1998)

In a global expansion of environmental pollutions, trihalomethanes in water and aromatic toxic substances in air are both increasing. In this study, therefore, an effort has been made to develop carbonized woody materials to remove specifically these polluting materials and explore a potential of developing more functionalized new woody carbonized materials. It was found by elemental analysis that carbonized woody material prepared under hydrogen gas flow was more reduced, compared with that under nitrogen gas flow, particularly over 550°C. Both carbonized woody materials were decreased in vapor adsorption of water with increasing the temperature, whereas adsorption of chloroform and benzene was instead improved and over 550°C, carbonized woody materials under hydrogen gas flow was superior to that under nitrogen gas flow in their adsorption. Carbonized woody materials with these characteristics were found to adsorb chloroform in water and benzene in atmosphere effectively. These lines of evidence would support a concept that hydrogenative reduction of woody materials would be effective to enhance its adsorptivity against chloroform in water and benzene in atmosphere.