gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BABIPhos Family of Biaryl Dihydrobenzooxaphosphole Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2018)

Novel bidentate phosphine ligands BABIPhos featuring a biaryl bis-dihydrobenzooxaphosphole core are presented. Their synthesis was achieved via Pd-catalyzed reductive homocoupling of dihydrobenzooxaphosphole aryl triflates. An efficient route toward various analogues was also established, giving access to phosphines with different electronic and steric properties. The newly obtained ligands demonstrated high efficiency and selectivity in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of di- and trisubstituted enamides. This new class of ligands is complementary to previously described bidentate benzooxaphosphole ligands BIBOP.
A Biobehavioral Perspective on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Cerebral Astrocytoma (2011)

More than 51,000 individuals are diagnosed with a primary brain tumor in the United States each year, and for those with the most common type of malignant tumor, an astrocytoma, almost 75% will die within 5 years of diagnosis. Although surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved length of survival, mortality remains high, which underscores the need to understand how other factors affect the disease trajectory. Several recent studies have shown that depressive symptoms are independently associated with reduced quality of life and survival time after controlling for other variables in patients with an astrocytoma. Thus, depressive symptoms represent a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes in this patient population. A growing body of evidence indicates that depressive symptoms are linked to underlying biological phenomena, particularly inflammatory activation modulated through increased peripheral levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent research has shown that neoplastic astrocytes respond to elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels by secreting immune mediators within the central nervous system, including cytokines and glial fibrillary acidic protein that promote astrogliosis and angiogenesis and may increase tumor growth and metastasis. However, because these biological factors have not as yet been measured in conjunction with depressive symptoms in these patients, little is known about the interactions that potentially influence the treatment trajectory. To guide future research and to provide a deeper understanding of the factors that may influence depressive symptoms and length of survival in patients with an astrocytoma, a review of the literature was undertaken. Publications over the past 10 years were analyzed to examine the theoretical models and measures of depressive symptoms used in previous research. Although numerous studies have documented the relationship between depression and reduced length of survival, there were several methodological concerns identified, and there were no studies that included biological variables. Yet, research in the basic sciences provides compelling evidence of specific neuroendocrine-immune interactions orchestrated by astrocytes that can cause depressive symptoms and alter the tumor microenvironment so that standard treatments are not as effective. These findings support the need for clinically based research so that we can begin to understand the potentially modifiable biobehavioral mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms in patients with an astrocytoma. Grounded in the biobehavioral research paradigm of psychoneuroimmunology, a novel research program is presented that may provide a new level of understanding regarding the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with an astrocytoma and lead to new treatment strategies, with possible implications for improved symptom management and quality of life in patients with brain tumors.
Modelling NiFe hydrogenases: nickel-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen production (2007)

NiFe hydrogenases are unique enzymes that catalyze the H+/H2 interconversion with remarkable efficiency. The determination of the tridimensional structure of their active site (a sulfur-rich dinuclear nickel-iron cluster with diatomic cyanide and carbonyl ligands) has stimulated the synthesis of a variety of nickel-based complexes as potential electrocatalysts for hydrogen production. These catalysts may provide an adequate alternative to platinum. This paper gives an historical perspective of this biomimetic structural approach and then focusses on recently reported bio-inspired functional mimics displaying electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen production.
Temporal perceptual coding using a visual acuity model (2014)

This paper describes research and results in which a visual acuity (VA) model of the human visual system (HVS) is used to reduce the bitrate of coded video sequences, by eliminating the need to signal transform coefficients when their corresponding frequencies will not be detected by the HVS. The VA model is integrated into the state of the art HEVC HM codec. Compared to the unmodified codec, up to 45% bitrate savings are achieved while maintaining the same subjective quality of the video sequences. Encoding times are reduced as well.
Cross-species transmission and recombination of ‘AIDS’ viruses (1995)

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two different Human Immunodeficiency Viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Closely related viruses (SIVs) are found in many species of non-human primates. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that cross-species transmission events have been quite frequent. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 appear to have resulted from multiple transfers of lentiviruses naturally infecting other primates; the source of HIV-2 appears to have been sooty mangabeys, whereas for HIV-1 the source may have been chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analyses also provide evidence that recombination has occurred between divergent viruses in vivo. Evolutionary trees based on various regions of the viral genome generally have consistent branching orders. However, some isolates fall into significantly different phylogenetic positions, indicating that their genomes are mosaics of sequences with different evolutionary histories. This implies that co-infection with highly divergent viral strains can occur in HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected primates; this could lead to the generation of hybrid genomes with significantly altered biological properties, and also has important implications for HIV vaccine development programmes.
Trimethylsilyl Polyphosphate (2001)

(can activate functional groups containing an oxygen atom; cyclodehydration agent for synthesis of heterocycles) Alternate Names: polyphosphoric acid trimethylsilyl ester; PPSE. Solubility: sol dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, toluene, xylene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Form Supplied in: colorless or pale yellow, viscous liquid; commercially available. Preparative Method: prepared by heating a mixture of Phosphorus(V) Oxide and Hexamethyldisiloxane (2–3.5 moles per mole P4O10) in a solvent such as dichloromethane or without solvent (eq 1).1, 2 (1) PPSE consists mainly of three tetraphosphoric acid trimethylsilyl esters together with a small amount of tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) pyrophosphate.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: PPSE is hygroscopic, and should be stored strictly in the absence of moisture.
Cloud-RAN Architecture for Indoor DAS (2014)

A cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN) is a new cellular technology that brings baseband processing units for a set of base stations into a central server retaining only the radio front-ends at the cell sites. This new architecture opens up opportunities for algorithms that require centralized processing. However, efficient implementation of the algorithms presents a number of challenges the most critical being latency, fronthaul capacity, and resource control. In this paper, we propose a software-defined radio-based architecture that addresses these problems and can be implemented on a cloud of general purpose computing platforms. We also present the practical implementation of Cloud-RAN running on an off-the-shelf server to validate the flexibility of the architecture. The implementation is able to realize various cellular networks, including heterogeneous networks, distribute-antenna systems, and transmission schemes, such as transmit antenna selection and open-loop transmit diversity.
1019 Relationship between the data acquisition timing in the cardiac cycle and the intramural infarction extent ratio in late gadolinium-enhanced MRI (2008)

The intramural infarction extent ratio (contrast-enhanced region) obtained by late gadolinium-enhanced MRI is a useful index of myocardial viability in patients with myocardial infarction. In this study, the intramural infarction extent ratio in different cardiac phases was investigated.
On Building a Programmable Wireless High-Quality Virtual Reality System Using Commodity Hardware (2017)

All existing high-quality virtual reality (VR) systems (e.g., HTC Vive and Oculus Rift) are tethered, requiring an HDMI cable to connect the head mounted display (HMD) to a PC for rendering rich graphic contents. Such a tethered design not only limits user mobility but also imposes hazards to users. To get rid of the cable, "cable replacement" solutions have been proposed but without any programmability at the HMD side. In this paper, we explore how to build a programmable wireless high-quality VR system using commodity hardware. With programmability at both the PC side and the HMD side, our system provides extensibility and flexibility for exploring various new ideas and software-based techniques in high-quality VR. We present our system design, describe challenges, explore possible solutions to cut the wire, and compare the performance of different approaches for transmitting the high-volume graphics data over a wireless link. We share our experience and report preliminary findings. Experimental results show that building a wireless high-quality VR system is very challenging, and needs extensive effort on both the software and hardware sides in order to meet the performance requirements.
Performance comparison of quantitative metrics for analysis of in vivo Cherenkov imaging incident detection during radiotherapy (2022)

Classifying different algorithms for the detection of various radiotherapy incidents allows for the development of an automatic flagging system, eliminating the burden of manual review of Cherenkov images.
A new era of virtual histology: contrast-enhanced microCT to simultaneously visualize and quantify in 3D soft and mineralized biological tissues (2017)

status: Published
Particle transport and image synthesis (1990)

The rendering equation is similar to the linear Boltzmann equation which has been widely studied in physics and nuclear engineering. Consequently, many of the powerful techniques which have been developed in these fields can be applied to problems in image synthesis. In this paper we adapt several statistical techniques commonly used in neutron transport to stochastic ray tracing and, more generally, to Monte Carlo solution of the rendering equation. First, we describe a technique known as Russian roulette which can be used to terminate the recursive tracing of rays without introducing statistical bias. We also examine the practice of creating ray trees in classical ray tracing in the light of a well-known technique in particle transport known as splitting. We show that neither ray trees nor paths as described in [10] constitute an optimal sampling plan in themselves and that a hybrid may be more efficient.
The structural and aggregation properties of the synthetic C-terminal half (104-mer) polypeptide from HIV p24gag resemble those of full-length protein (1997)

The aggregation and structural properties of the synthetic C-terminal half [Ala330, Ala350(270-373; 104-mer)] polypeptide from HIV-1 p24gag were studied. In concentrated solutions the synthetic polypeptide aggregated to tetramers which, upon dilution, gave a mixture of monomeric and dimeric and dimeric species. These results correlated well with the in vitro aggregation properties of recombinant p24. The tetrameric form of the synthetic polypeptide had a pI which differed by about four units from that of the mixture of monomeric and dimeric species. CD studies indicated that the latter contained, in aqueous solutions, a compact molecule lacking, however, a defined tertiary structure. Addition of MeOH to aqueous solutions of both tetramer and monomer/dimer mixture induced a more defined structure, which was assigned to that of an alpha + beta protein in agreement with secondary structure predictions. A model of the dimeric form of the 104-mer, which takes into account the results presented here and those from a study on the specificity of a set of anti-104-mer MoAbs, is presented. Finally, the results indicated that the structure of the 104-mer in its dimeric form is similar to that adopted by the same sequence when part of full-length p24.
Ein hochaktiver Katalysator für Aminierung und Suzuki-Kupplung von Arylchloriden bei Raumtemperatur (1999)

Die Kombination sterischer und elektronischer Eigenschaften scheint die Effektivität Phosphanyl-substituierter Biphenyle als Liganden in Pd-katalysierten Aminierungen und Suzuki-Kupplungen von Arylchloriden bei Raumtemperatur zu bedingen [Gl. (1)]. Die oxidative Addition wird dabei stark beschleunigt, die Transmetallierung (oder Pd-N-Bindungsbildung) und die reduktive Eliminierung werden erleichtert. Mit diesen Liganden können Suzuki-Kupplungen bei sehr geringen Katalysatorkonzentrationen (bis zu 10−6 Mol-%) durchgeführt werden. R″ = Cyclohexyl, tert-Butyl.
Numerical Investigation of Channel Capacity of Indoor MIMO System (2007)

SUMMARY The effect of wall and indoor scatterers on the indoor multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system is investigated by using the hybrid technique of finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and method of moments (MoM). MIMO channel capacity with the wall reflection is investigated with consideration of the eigenvalue of channel covariance matrix, the received power and the effective multipaths of MIMO system. It is found that the stronger side wall reflection can lead to the higher MIMO channel capacity. MIMO system with indoor scatterers is also analyzed and compared with the line of sight (LOS) indoor MIMO system. It is found that the scatterer material has different effect on the received power and the effective multipaths of MIMO system.
Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health (2018)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) - the phenomenon of machines being able to solve problems that require human intelligence - has in the past decade seen an enormous rise of interest due to significant advances in effectiveness and use. The health sector, one of the most important sectors for societies and economies worldwide, is particularly interesting for AI applications, given the ongoing digitalisation of all types of health information. The potential for AI assistance in the health domain is immense, because AI can support medical decision making at reduced costs, everywhere. However, due to the complexity of AI algorithms, it is difficult to distinguish good from bad AI-based solutions and to understand their strengths and weaknesses, which is crucial for clarifying responsibilities and for building trust. For this reason, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has established a new Focus Group on "Artificial Intelligence for Health" (FG-AI4H) in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO). Health and care services are usually the responsibility of a government - even when provided through private insurance systems - and thus under the responsibility of WHO/ITU member states. FG-AI4H will identify opportunities for international standardization, which will foster the application of AI to health issues on a global scale. In particular, it will establish a standardized assessment framework with open benchmarks for the evaluation of AI-based methods for health, such as AI-based diagnosis, triage or treatment decisions.
Dithiadiazafulvalenes-New Strong Electron Donors. Synthesis, Isolation, Properties, and EPR Studies (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDithiadiazafulvalenes-New Strong Electron Donors. Synthesis, Isolation, Properties, and EPR StudiesGregory V. Tormos, Martin G. Bakker, Ping Wang, M. V. Lakshmikantham, Michael P. Cava, and Robert M. MetzgerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 33, 8528–8535Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00138a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00138a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Simultaneous operation of lung cancer accompanied with aortic arch aneurysm: report of a case]. (1998)

We report a simultaneously operated case of a 68-year-old man with lung cancer accompanied with aortic arch aneurysm. Preoperative staging CT for lung cancer incidentally demonstrated another lesion in the para-aortic arch area, which was suspected to be rather a pleural or intrapulmonary lesion by enhanced CT and MRI. However, this lesion was intraoperatively diagnosed as a cystic small sized-aneurysm. After a left upper lobectomy with lymph node dissection for lung adenocarcinoma (T2N0) was performed, this aneurysm was tightly wrapped using PTFE felt during the course of one operation. The difficulty of peroperative diagnosis by CT and MRI for small sized-aneurysm is discussed, and surgical stragety for lung cancer accompanied with such an aortic aneurysm is also commented.
Tools for Video Coding Beyond HEVC: Flexible Partitioning, Motion Vector Coding, Luma Adaptive Quantization, and Improved Deblocking (2019)

This paper provides a description and analysis of technology included in two contributions to the Call for Proposals for Video Compression with Capability beyond HEVC. This Call for Proposals was issued jointly by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG). The contribution emphasized a flexible and rectangular partitioning structure, which was combined with both new and existing coding tools. New coding tools included methods for improved motion vector coding, quantization signaling, and deblocking; while existing tools were largely methods studied in the Joint Exploration Model software. Results show the efficacy of the approach. Using the sequences and test conditions defined in the Call for Proposals, the described approach provided an average bitrate reduction, relative to an HEVC anchor, of 41.2% and 35.7% for 4K and HD test sequences, respectively. Moreover, the method achieved a compression performance of 34.3% and 32.2% for high dynamic range content using the perceptual quantizer (PQ) and Hybrid-Log Gamma transfer functions, respectively.
Chromosome Microdissection and Cloning, A Practical Guide. By Nabil G. Habab, and Michael V. Viola. Academic Press. 1993. 160 pages. Comb-bound. Price £27.00. ISBN 0 12 313320 3. (1994)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Relay-without-delay (2005)

A relay-without-delay channel in which each transmitted relay symbol can depend on all its past as well as present received symbols is investigated. A general upper bound on the capacity of the channel is established. A lower bound on the capacity for the additive white Gaussian noise relay-without-delay channel is introduced and is shown to coincide with the upper bound for a certain range of parameter values
New Methodology for the Faraday Rotation Angle Retrieval in the Smos Field of View (2018)

In this work, a new methodology to estimate the Faraday Rotation Angle (FRA) from SMOS full-pol brightness temperature is presented. This approach is focused on retrieving the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) and then, the FRA. for most of the SMOS overpass, with the final aim of improving geophysical retrievals.
Role of lipopolysaccharides in adherence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to porcine tracheal rings (1990)

The ability of 17 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates, representing serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 7, to adhere to tracheal rings maintained in culture was examined. Porcine tracheal rings were infected, and 8 h after inoculation, adherent bacterial cells were evaluated. A. pleuropneumoniae adhered to tracheal rings, and marked variations were observed between and even within serotypes, suggesting that adherence of this microorganism is not primarily related to the serotype of the isolate. No relationship was found between adherence to porcine tracheal rings and plasmid profiles, virulence in mice, hemagglutination, capsular material thickness, or whole-cell protein profiles. On the other hand, we observed that all isolates of serotypes 1 and 5 had a semirough-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas isolates of serotypes 2 and 7 had a smooth-type LPS (75%) or a semirough-type LPS (25%). Results showed that 83% of isolates with a smooth-type LPS adhered in large numbers to tracheal rings, whereas 80% of isolates with a semirough-type LPS adhered poorly (P less than 0.007). Our data indicated that the degree of adherence of A. pleuropneumoniae to porcine tracheal rings appeared to be related, at least in part, to LPS profiles. Furthermore, LPS seemed to be the adhesin of A. pleuropneumoniae, since purified LPS blocked adherence of this microorganism to porcine tracheal rings.
Structural and Rheo-Optical Characterization of Random Bicomponent Networks Prepared of Hydroxyl-Telechelic Polyisobutylene and Polytetrahydrofuran (1995)

Abstract The structure of a bicomponent network prepared of hydroxyl-telechelic polyisobutylene (HO—PIB—OH) and polytetrahydrofuran (HO—PTHF—OH) has been characterized by small-angle and wide-angle x-ray scattering, birefringence, and differential scanning Calorimetry. A single phase random network was obtained by endlinking HO—PIB—OH/HO—PTHF—OH mixtures using triphenyl methane triisocyanate (TTI) as a crosslinking agent. A small-angle x-ray scattering peak was observed in the PIB networks as well as in the PIB/PTHF bicomponent networks. The glass transition temperature of the random bicomponent network increased with decreasing PTHF molecular weight as the network became tighter. Network tensile properties were analyzed in terms of Gaussian and non-Gaussian network models. The stress-optical law was tested for random networks by measuring the variation of birefringence and stress as a function of elongation. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Present Address: Exxon Chemical Co. , Baytown Polymer Research Center, Baytown, TX 77520.