gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted therapeutics and nanodevices for vascular drug delivery: Quo vadis? (2011)

This issue of the journal is dedicated to targeted delivery of therapeutics in the vasculature, an approach that holds promise to optimize treatment of diverse pathological conditions ranging from ischemia and tumor growth to metabolic and genetic diseases. From the standpoint of drug delivery, circulation system represents the natural route to the targets, whereas its components (blood and vascular cells) represent targets, carriers or barriers for drug delivery. Diverse nanodevices and targeted therapeutic agents that are designed and tested in animal and early clinical studies to achieve optimal and precise spatiotemporal control of the pharmacokinetics, destination, metabolism and effect of pharmacological agents will be discussed in this introductory essay and subsequent critical reviews in this series.
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of α1-antitrypsin without inhibition of elastase (2013)

The rationale of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) augmentation therapy to treat progressive emphysema in AAT-deficient patients is based on inhibition of neutrophil elastase; however, the benefit of this treatment remains unclear. Here we show that clinical grade AAT (with elastase inhibitory activity) and a recombinant form of AAT (rAAT) without anti-elastase activity reduces lung inflammatory responses to LPS in elastase-deficient mice. WT and elastase-deficient mice treated with either native AAT or rAAT exhibited significant reductions in infiltrating neutrophils (23% and 68%), lavage fluid levels of TNF-α (70% and 80%), and the neutrophil chemokine KC (CXCL1) (64% and 90%), respectively. Lung parenchyma TNF-α, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and X-box binding protein-1 mRNA levels were reduced in both mouse strains treated with AAT; significantly lower levels of these genes, as well as IL-1β gene expression, were observed in lungs of AAT-deficient patients treated with AAT therapy compared with untreated patients. In vitro, LPS-induced cytokines from WT and elastase-deficient mouse neutrophils, as well as neutrophils of healthy humans, were similarly reduced by AAT or rAAT; human neutrophils adhering to endothelial cells were decreased by 60-80% (P < 0.001) with either AAT or rAAT. In mouse pancreatic islet macrophages, LPS-induced surface expression of MHC II, Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 were markedly lower (80%, P < 0.001) when exposed to either AAT or rAAT. Consistently, in vivo and in vitro, rAAT reduced inflammatory responses at concentrations 40- to 100-fold lower than native plasma-derived AAT. These data provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of AAT can be independent of elastase inhibition.
MOS-Type Micro-Oxygen Sensor Using LaF3 Workable at Room Temperature (1990)

A sputtered LaF 3 film was applied to construct a semiconductor micro-oxygen sensor consisting of a Pt/LaF 3 /SiO 2 /n-Si/Al structure. The sensor showed a stable response in the oxygen partial pressure range of 0.1–1.0 atm at ambient temperature. The sensitivity and response time strongly depended on the fabrication conditions of LaF 3 and Pt films, and the optimum sputtering conditions to prepare the films were investigated. It was also demonstrated that water vapor treatment was effective in improving the response rate and the response reversibility.
ChemInform Abstract: COSENSITIZATION BY 9,10‐DICYANOANTHRACENE AND BIPHENYL OF THE ELECTRON‐TRANSFER PHOTOOXYGENATION OF 1,1,2,2‐TETRAPHENYLCYCLOPROPANE (1983)

Abstract Tetraphenyl‐cyclopropan (I) wird in Gegenwart von Dicyano‐anthracen (II) photolytisch über das radikalische Hydroperoxid (III) zum Tetraphenyl‐allylalkohol (V) oxidiert.
A Novel Metal‐Chelating Inhibitor of Protein Farnesyltransferase. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthesis of Nine- and Ten-membered Cyclic Ethers Utilizing Intramolecular endo-Mode Cyclization of the Cojugated Allenyl Ketones (1996)

Intramolecular endo-mode cyclization reactions of the conjugated allenyl ketones (3) and (4) were carried out in the presence of BFyOEt2, B(CF3S$)3, and CF3SQH in CH2C12 to give the corresponding nine-and tenmembered cyclic ethers (5 -7) as crystalline compounds in satisfactory yields.The structure of 6 was confumed by its X-ray crystallographic analysis.Sixto nine-membered cyclic ethers have often appeared in marine natural products1 such as brevetoxins2 and ~i~uatoxin.3In general, an annulation reaction toward the medium-sized eight-to eleven-membered cyclic compounds seems to be difficult from the viewpoint of unfavorable entropy factors.4Recently, we have disclosed various cyclization reactions for five-to eight-membered carbocyclic ~o m ~o u n d s , ~~. ~ spiro[4.5]decaaieneand [5.5]undecauiene d i o n e ~, ~~ and seven-membered cyclic ethers5d and amides5e on the basis of intramolecular endo-mode ring closure at the sp carbon atom of the conjugated allenyl ketone moiety.In the earlier studies on remarkable endo-mode cyclization reaction^,^ we realized that the conjugated allenyl ketone system bearing a substituted phenyl group should be suitable enough for the intramolecular cyclizalion being difficult in the conjugated alkenyl and alkynyl ketones.Here, we describe a facile construction method of nine-and ten-membered cyclic ethers.
A Plasma-Based, Amiodarone-Impregnated Material Decreases Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation in a Post–Cardiac Surgery Model (2016)

Epicardial application of a plasma-based, amiodarone-impregnated material was associated with a significant reduction in atrial inflammation and susceptibility to fibrillation.
The Fisher-Wright model with deterministic seed bank and selection (2015)

Abstract Seed banks are a common characteristics to many plant species, which allow storage of genetic diversity in the soil as dormant seeds for various periods of time. We investigate an above-ground population following a Fisher-Wright model with selection coupled with a deterministic seed bank assuming the length of the seed bank is kept constant and the number of seeds is large. To assess the combined impact of seed banks and selection on genetic diversity, we derive a general diffusion model. We compute the equilibrium solution of the site-frequency spectrum and derive the times to fixation of an allele with and without selection. Finally, it is demonstrated that seed banks enhance the effect of selection onto the site-frequency spectrum while slowing down the time until the mutation-selection equilibrium is reached.
Virological characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus (2010)

In the spring of 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 virus, whose antigenicity is quite different from those of seasonal human H1N1 strains, emerged in Mexico and readily transmitted and spread among humans, resulting in the first influenza pandemic in the 21st century. This novel H1N1 virus was shown to be a triple reassortant comprising genes derived from avian, human, and swine viruses. Here, we review our current knowledge of this pandemic influenza virus and discuss future aspects of the pandemic.
Acoustic Response of Microbubbles Derived from Phase-Change Nanodroplet (2010)

An in vitro feasibility test for a novel ultrasound therapy using a type of superheated perfluorocarbon droplet, phase-change nanodroplet (PCND), was performed in gel phantoms with the goal of high selectivity and low invasiveness. Measurements of broadband signal emission revealed that a triggering ultrasound pulse (peak negative pressure of 2.4 MPa) reduces the pressure threshold for cavitation induced by a subsequent ultrasound exposure at an order of magnitude from 2.4 to 0.2 MPa. The maximum allowed interval between the two ultrasound exposures for inducing cavitation with 100- and 1,000-cycle triggering ultrasound was about 100 and 500 ms, respectively. The echo signal increases induced by the triggering ultrasound with 100- and 1000-cycles were enhanced and suppressed by the subsequent ultrasound exposure, respectively. This different behavior seemed to be due to the presence of enlarged free bubbles, which should be avoided for the localization of therapeutic effects.
Relationship between knee joint laxity and knee joint mechanics during the menstrual cycle (2008)

Knee laxity correlates positively with knee joint loads, and increased knee laxity during the menstrual cycle may be a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in certain women during sports activity.
Invagination der abführenden Schlinge nach Billroth-II-Operation - seltene Ursache eines hohen Ileus (2002)

We present a case of a 73-year-old male patient with Korsakow's disease who was admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and recurrent vomiting. He had received partial gastric resection with Billroth II reconstruction 39 years before for recurrent ulcer disease. At gastroscopy erosive gastritis with no active bleeding and a structure-resembling necrotic mucosa suspicious for intussuscepted small bowel was seen. At exploratory laparotomy jejunogastric intussusception of 50 cm of small bowel through Braun's enteroanastomosis into the gastric remnant was found. After reposition the bowel recovered well and resection was unnecessary. As prophylaxis the bowel was partially attached by sutures in terms of a partial Noble's Operation. The patient's recovery was uneventful after surgery. Jejunogastric intussusception is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and ileus.
Construction Of A Novel Functional Bacterial Luciferase By Gene Fusion And Its Use As A Gene Marker In Low Light Video Image Analysis. (1989)

We have engineered a two subunit luciferase enzyme into a single functional polypeptide chain using site specific mutagenesis. We have determined, using low light video imaging, that the activity of this novel enzyme is similar to wild type luciferase when synthesized at low temperatures (15-20°C), but that it is sensitive in vivo to higher temperatures. We have used the gene encoding the monomeric bacterial luciferase as a gene marker in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Combined with low light video image analysis, it is a practical and powerful tool for quantitatively monitoring gene expression in vivo.
Agronomic Performance and Seed Inorganic Phosphorus Stability of Low‐Phytate Soybean Line TN09‐239 (2018)

Abstract Phytate (myoinositol‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexa‐ kis phosphate) in soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cannot be absorbed by livestock with monogastric digestive systems, and is often excreted in their waste. This can result in agricultural runoff pollution, as well as nutritional deficiencies in poultry ( Gallus Gallus domesticus ) and swine ( Sus domesticus ). The enzyme phytase is often applied to break the phytin‐salt bonds and allow for phosphorus (P) absorption, but is an added cost for animal producers. Therefore, we developed a low‐phytate BC 4 ‐ derived line TN09‐239 for comparison of agronomic and seed‐quality traits with the high‐yielding recurrent parent, 5601T. In a replicated, multienvironment field test in Tennessee, TN09‐239 was significantly higher for inorganic P (Pi) ( P &lt; 0.001), which is inversely correlated with the seed‐phytate concentration, but significantly lower for yield ( P &lt; 0.05) in comparison with the recurrent parent. These findings for increased Pi, but reduced yield, for TN09‐239 in comparison with 5601T were confirmed in the 2010 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Uniform Preliminary V Soybean Test grown in 10 southern US environments. 5601T and TN09‐239 differed in Pi stability across southern environments, with linear regression showing 5601T having stability across environments, while TN09‐239 showed variations based on the environments. However, in each environment TN09‐239 displayed nearly a 10‐fold increase in Pi compared to 5601T. Although the low‐phytate trait and much of the recurrent parent genome along with 85–90% of the yield have been captured, further backcrossing could help recover the remaining seed yield of 5601T and other traits desirable for southern US producers.
Origin of .alpha.-Hydroxy Ketones in the Osmium Tetroxide-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Alkenes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrigin of .alpha.-Hydroxy Ketones in the Osmium Tetroxide-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of AlkenesBraj B. Lohray, Vidya Bhushan, and R. Krishna KumarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 6, 1375–1380Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00085a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views993Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (803 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of time period on biaxial strength for different Y‐TZP veneering porcelains (2020)

Certain commercially available Y-TZP porcelains are susceptible to decrease in strength over time, which might impact the integrity of veneered zirconia restorations. This reduction in strength is among the most common reasons for the failure of veneered zirconia as reported in several studies.
Recent advancements in anti-reflective surface structures (ARSS) for near- to mid-infrared optics (2013)

Fused silica, YAG crystals, and spinel ceramics substrates have been successfully patterned through reactive ion etching (RIE). Reflection losses as low as 0.1% have been demonstrated for fused silica at 1.06 microns. Laser damage thresholds have been measured for substrates with ARSS and compared with uncoated and/or thin-film anti-reflection (AR) coated substrates. Thresholds as high as 100 J/cm<sup>2</sup> have been demonstrated in fused silica with ARSS at 1.06 microns, with ARSS substrates showing improved thresholds when compared with uncoated substrates.
Data from Immunotargeting of Antigen xCT Attenuates Stem-like Cell Behavior and Metastatic Progression in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Resistance to therapy and lack of curative treatments for metastatic breast cancer suggest that current therapies may be missing the subpopulation of chemoresistant and radioresistant cancer stem cells (CSC). The ultimate success of any treatment may well rest on CSC eradication, but specific anti-CSC therapies are still limited. A comparison of the transcriptional profiles of murine Her2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast tumor TUBO cells and their derived CSC-enriched tumorspheres has identified xCT, the functional subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system x&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, as a surface protein that is upregulated specifically in tumorspheres. We validated this finding by cytofluorimetric analysis and immunofluorescence in TUBO-derived tumorspheres and in a panel of mouse and human triple negative breast cancer cell-derived tumorspheres. We further show that downregulation of xCT impaired tumorsphere generation and altered CSC intracellular redox balance &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, suggesting that xCT plays a functional role in CSC biology. DNA vaccination based immunotargeting of xCT in mice challenged with syngeneic tumorsphere-derived cells delayed established subcutaneous tumor growth and strongly impaired pulmonary metastasis formation by generating anti-xCT antibodies able to alter CSC self-renewal and redox balance. Finally, anti-xCT vaccination increased CSC chemosensitivity to doxorubicin &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, indicating that xCT immunotargeting may be an effective adjuvant to chemotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(1); 62–72. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Quantum Circuits for General Multiqubit Gates (2004)

We consider a generic elementary gate sequence which is needed to implement a general quantum gate acting on n qubits-a unitary transformation with 4(n) degrees of freedom. For synthesizing the gate sequence, a method based on the so-called cosine-sine matrix decomposition is presented. The result is optimal in the number of elementary one-qubit gates, 4(n), and scales more favorably than the previously reported decompositions requiring 4(n)-2(n+1) controlled NOT gates.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in two populations of Australian schoolchildren. I. Relation to respiratory symptoms and diagnosed asthma (1987)

In order to explore the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to inhaled histamine, respiratory symptoms and diagnosed asthma in children, we undertook a cross-sectional study of 2363 Australian schoolchildren aged 8-11 years. The methods used included a self-administered questionnaire to parents, which was shown to have a high degree of repeatability, and a histamine inhalation test to measure bronchial responsiveness (BR). The study showed that 17.9% of children had BHR, defined as a 20% fall in FEV1 at a provoking dose of histamine (PD20 FEV1) of less than 7.8 mumol. The distribution of PD20 FEV1 appeared to be continuous. Most children with PD20 FEV1 values less than 1.0 mumol had symptoms of asthma. However, 6.7% of children had BHR without symptoms or a previous diagnosis of asthma and 5.6% had had a diagnosis of asthma but had no BHR. Although there was a good association between BHR and respiratory symptoms, questionnaire data of wheeze and diagnosed asthma do not reflect accurately the level of BHR in the community. We conclude that cross-sectional studies of BR to identify children with BHR probably do not reflect the prevalence of asthma in populations of children. However, the strong association between BHR and symptoms, particularly in children with severe and moderate BHR, suggests that measurements of BR in populations are useful for defining a group of children whose airways behave differently from those of the majority. Prospective studies are needed to define the level of BHR that is associated with important sequelae.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS FAILURE EXPLAINED THROUGH THE LENS OF THE CULTURAL WEB (2004)

This paper .provides a discussion of the Australian telecommunications company One.TeI Limited. The pa~er exa~mes the information technology strategies employed by the company and assesses the extent to whl~h a fal~ure of those strategies may have contributed to, or precipitated, the downfall of the business. In particular, It looks at the company through the lens of Johnson and Scholes' (1993) cultural b Thi . . we. IS perspectJ:re provides clear evidence of failings at the company, which were likely to have led to failure in its ITIIS pohcy and applications which, in turn, at least partly explains the downfall of the business.
Phagocytic efficacy of macrophage-like cells as a function of cell cycle and Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and complement receptor (CR)3 expression (2006)

Previous studies have shown that the efficiency of phagocytosis is a function of cell cycle and that phagocytosis promotes cell cycle progression. Because phagocytosis is dependent on cellular receptors we hypothesized that Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) and complement receptors (CR) expression varied with cell cycle. Consequently, we used centrifugal elutriation of macrophage-like cells, fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis and receptor staining to investigate expression of FcgammaR and CR as a function of cell cycle. We confirmed that FcgammaR expression on macrophage-like cells increased as the cells progressed from G1 to G2 phases. Moreover, CR3 expression varied as a function of cell cycle in a manner similar to FcgammaR. Correlation of receptor expression with cell size showed that FcgammaR and CR3 expression on macrophages was determined largely by cell size enlargement during the cell cycle. The efficacy of both Fc- and complement-mediated phagocytosis of live Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) showed a biphasic pattern with the efficacy of phagocytosis decreasing when the cells approached the G1-S interface, which paralleled the changes in receptor surface expression when cells exited G1 phase. Live Cn cells were significantly more resistant to phagocytosis than dead cells at all stages of macrophage-like cell cycle. In contrast to live cells, the efficacy of phagocytosis of dead Cn decreased as surface receptor expression increased. Hence, the efficacy of phagocytosis in this system as function of cell cycle is not related to phagocytic receptor expression.
A bifunctional protein from Pseudomonas denitrificans carries cobinamide kinase and cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activities (1991)

The two consecutive activities of the cobalamin biosynthetic pathway that catalyze the conversion of cobinamide to cobinamide phosphate (cobinamide kinase) and of cobinamide phosphate to GDP-cobinamide (cobinamide phosphate guanylytransferase) were shown to be carried by the same protein in Pseudomonas denitrificans. This bifunctional protein was purified to homogeneity by high-performance liquid chromatography of extracts of a recombinant strain of this microorganism, and the sequence of the first 10 amino acid residues at the N terminus was determined. Both activities were specific to the coenzyme forms of the corrinoid substrates and exhibited an optimum pH at 8.8. Both ATP and GTP were shown to be in vitro gamma-phosphate donors for cobinamide kinase. However, competition experiments demonstrated that ATP was the preferred substrate, a result that can be explained in terms of the kinetic properties of the enzyme. Labeling experiments established that the phosphate group of cobinamide phosphate is quantitatively retained as the inner phosphate of GDP-cobinamide during the guanylyltransferase reaction. The native protein had an apparent molecular weight of 40,000, as estimated by gel filtration, and consisted of two identical subunits of Mr 20,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein had an isoelectric point of 5.35 and contained a high-affinity GTP-binding site (Kaff.(GTP) = 0.22 microM). Binding of GTP onto this site resulted in a marked increase of the affinity of cobinamide kinase for cobinamide. This property and other kinetic properties may regulate the enzyme and prevent the accumulation of cobinamide phosphate.
Design and Performance Modeling for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Local, Semiglobal, and Global Interconnects in Gigascale Integrated Systems (2007)

Based on physical models, distributed circuit models are presented for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNs) and SWCN bundles that are valid for all voltages and lengths. These models can be used for circuit simulations and compact modeling. It is demonstrated that by customizing SWCN interconnects at the local, semiglobal, and global levels, several major challenges facing gigascale integrated systems can potentially be addressed. For local interconnects, monolayer or multilayer SWCN interconnects can offer up to 50% reduction in capacitance and power dissipation with up to 20% improvement in latency if they are short enough (<20 mum). For semiglobal interconnects, either latency or power dissipation can be substantially improved if bundles of SWCNs are used. The improvements increase as the cross-sectional dimensions scale down. For global interconnects, bandwidth density can be improved by 40% if there is at least one metallic SWCN per 3-nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cross-sectional area