gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bottom‐Up Growth of Graphene Nanospears and Nanoribbons (2022)

Abstract One dimensional graphene nanostructures are one of the most promising materials for next generation electronics. Here, the chemical vapor depostion growth of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and graphene nanospears (GNSs) on a copper surface is reported. The growth of GNRs and GNSs is enabled by a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism guided by on‐surface propagation of a liquid Cu‐Si catalyst particle. The slow lateral growth and the fast VLS vertical growth give rise to spear head‐shaped GNSs. In situ observations further confirm that the lateral graphene growth can be completely suppressed and thus GNRs are grown. The synthesized field effect transistor (FET) devices show that the GNRs and GNSs have high carrier mobilities of ≈2000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Both FET and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements confirm that the Fermi levels of the synthesize GNSs shift downward from the wide part to the tip is strongly p ‐doped. These findings yield key insights into the growth mechanism of graphene and open a door for achieving a facile and scalable method of synthesizing free standing GNRs and GNSs and their applications, such as the Fermi‐level tunable devices.
Figure S4 from Identification of Membrane-expressed CAPRIN-1 as a Novel and Universal Cancer Target, and Generation of a Therapeutic Anti-CAPRIN-1 Antibody TRK-950 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CAPRIN-1 expression following EMT induction.&lt;/p&gt;
Use of micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors to control aberrations in optical systems: theoretical and experimental results (1997)

Micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors (MEM-DMs) are solid-state electronic devices with small, movable reflective surface elements that can be used to manipulate the phase of optical wavefronts. MEM-DMs differ from more conventional continuous-facesheet deformable mirrors in that the movable surface of a MEM-DM consists of a set of segmented moving surfaces. The segmented, reflective surfaces of a MEM-DM give rise to larger diffraction effects than those provided by continuous-facesheet deformable mirrors. However, MEM-DMs are still attractive due to their low cost and the low drive voltages. We explore the theoretical limits of performance of MEM-DMs for controlling fixed aberrations in optical systems, and we present laboratory results demonstrating reduction of a fixed aberration using a MEM-DM device. Results presented here show that while a MEM-DM does provide some degree of aberration control, diffraction effects arising from the static support structures of the MEM-DM surface are significant. An alternative design that uses a lenslet array in conjunction with the MEM-DM is shown through theoretical studies to provide superior aberration correction with lower residual effects due to diffraction.
Progressive decline in the levels of six miRNAs from parents to children in autism (2022)

Summary The growing burden of a gradual increase in births of children with autism has placed it at the center of the concerns of major laboratories. We have previously detected a decrease in the levels of six miRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-499a-5p) in parents and their children inherited at a lower level. Here, we suggest that down-regulation of each of these six miRNAs inherited from parents contributes to the development of children with autism. We compare their levels of distribution in each family between the autistic child and siblings. We find that the distribution of levels of these miRNAs in siblings (undiagnosed as autism) is not always higher than in autistic children, but it is at varying levels. These data support a model in which autistic behavior relies on low levels of the six miRNAs expressed in children potentially associated with autistic syndrome (ASD). The intimate link between miRNAs levels and behavioral characteristics suggests possibilities for understanding the basic circuitry involved in autism and thus advancing partial knowledge of brain functions. An early diagnosis of autism helps provide children an environment conducive to their development. Graphical abstract
Closely packed, low reorganization energy π-extended postfullerene acceptors for efficient polymer solar cells (2018)

New organic semiconductors are essential for developing inexpensive, high-efficiency, solution-processable polymer solar cells (PSCs). PSC photoactive layers are typically fabricated by film-casting a donor polymer and a fullerene acceptor blend, with ensuing solvent evaporation and phase separation creating discrete conduits for photogenerated holes and electrons. Until recently, n-type fullerene acceptors dominated the PSC literature; however, indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT)-based acceptors have recently enabled remarkable PSC performance metrics, for reasons that are not entirely obvious. We report two isomeric IDTT-based acceptors 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-benz-(5, 6)indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-nonylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']di-thiophene (ITN-C9) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-benz(6,7)indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-nonylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITzN-C9) that shed light on the exceptional IDTT properties vis-à-vis fullerenes. The neat acceptors and blends with fluoropolymer donor poly{[4,8-bis[5-(2- ethylhexyl)-4-fluoro-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-<i>b'</i>]dithiophene2,6-diyl]-<i>alt</i>-[2,5-thiophenediyl[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo4H,8H-benzo[1,2-<i>c</i>:4,5-<i>c'</i>]dithiophene-1,3-diyl]]} (PBDB-TF) are investigated by optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, photovoltaic response, space-charge-limited current transport, atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and density functional theory-level quantum chemical analysis. The data reveal that ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 organize such that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital-rich end groups have intermolecular π-π distances as close as 3.31(1) Å, with electronic coupling integrals as large as 38 meV, and internal reorganization energies as small as 0.133 eV, comparable to or superior to those in fullerenes. ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 have broad solar-relevant optical absorption, and, when blended with PBDB-TF, afford devices with power conversion efficiencies near 10%. Performance differences between ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 are understandable in terms of molecular and electronic structure distinctions via the influences on molecular packing and orientation with respect to the electrode.
Design and analysis of an absolute non-contact orientation sensor for wrist motion control (2002)

In this paper, aspects of the design and analysis of a vision-based non-contact absolute orientation sensor with application to wrist-like actuator motion control, are presented. This work is primarily motivated by the need for the measurement of the absolute orientation of a spherical rotor present in wrist-like actuators for the motion control of such systems. Current orientation measurement approaches increase the complexity of the mechanical structure through additional contact with the spherical rotor. To eliminate this additional complexity, a noncontact vision-based technique that realizes an absolute orientation measurement using a specially designed grid pattern that allows the absolute orientation information to be encoded onto the spherical body has been developed. Aspects of the design and implementation of this specially designed grid pattern are also discussed. Improved techniques for transferring the grid pattern to a spherical object are presented, and issues related to the use of such a vision-based system for motion control are also discussed.
Pulse fluence dependent nanograting inscription on the surface of fused silica (2012)

Pulse fluence dependent nanograting inscription on the surface of fused silica is investigated. The nanograting period is found to decrease with the increase of the incident pulse fluence. Local intensity distribution and incubation effect are responsible for the change of the nanograting period.
Balanced Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Targeting Multiple Antigens in Adults Receiving a Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (2021)

The role of T cell immunity has been acknowledged in recent vaccine development and evaluation. We tested the humoral and cellular immune responses to Flucelvax&amp;reg;, a quadrivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine containing two influenza A (H1N1 Singapore/GP1908/2015 IVR-180 and H3N2 North Carolina/04/2016) and two influenza B (Iowa/06/2017 and Singapore/INFTT-16-0610/2016) virus strains, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by pools of peptides overlapping all the individual influenza viral protein components. Baseline reactivity was detected against all four strains both at the level of CD4 and CD8 responses and targeting different proteins. CD4 T cell reactivity was mostly directed to HA/NA proteins in influenza B strains, and NP/M1/M2/NS1/NEP proteins in the case of the Influenza A strains. CD8 responses to both influenza A and B viruses preferentially targeted the more conserved core viral proteins. Following vaccination, both CD4 and CD8 responses against the various influenza antigens were increased in day 15 to day 91 post vaccination period and maintained a Th1 polarized profile. Importantly, no vaccine interference was detected, with the increased responses balanced across all 4 included viral strains for both CD4 and CD8 T cells, and targeting HA and multiple additional viral antigens.
Real-Time Visual Servoing of a Robot Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasound (2007)

This paper presents a robotic system capable of using three-dimensional ultrasound to guide a surgical instrument to a tracked target location. Tracking of both the surgical instrument and target was done using image based algorithms on the real-time 3D ultrasound data. The tracking techniques are shown to be especially amenable for execution on powerful graphics processor units. By harnessing a graphics card, it was possible to detect both a surgical instrument and a surgical target at a rate of 25 Hz. The high update rate permits the use of tracked instrument and target locations for controlling a robot. Validation of the system was done in a water tank, where the robot moved the instrument to the target site with a mean error of 1.2 mm
Mutation analysis of HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD/EGLN) in individuals with features of phaeochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma susceptibility (2010)

Germline mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) genes can cause inherited phaeochromocytoma and/or renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Dysregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors has been linked to VHL and SDHB-related RCC; both HIF dysregulation and disordered function of a prolyl hydroxylase domain isoform 3 (PHD3/EGLN3)-related pathway of neuronal apoptosis have been linked to the development of phaeochromocytoma. The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent prolyl hydroxylase enzymes PHD1 (EGLN2), PHD2 (EGLN1) and PHD3 (EGLN3) have a key role in regulating the stability of HIF-α subunits (and hence expression of the HIF-α transcription factors). A germline PHD2 mutation has been reported in association with congenital erythrocytosis and recurrent extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma. We undertook mutation analysis of PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 in two cohorts of patients with features of inherited phaeochromocytoma (n=82) and inherited RCC (n=64) and no evidence of germline mutations in known susceptibility genes. No confirmed pathogenic mutations were detected suggesting that mutations in these genes are not a frequent cause of inherited phaeochromocytoma or RCC.
Development and Implementation of Proton Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma: Challenges and Perspectives (2021)

Consolidative radiation therapy for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) improves progression-free survival. Unfortunately, first-generation techniques, relying on large irradiation fields, were associated with an increased risk of secondary cancers, and of cardiac and lung toxicity. Fortunately, the use of smaller target volumes combined with technological advances in treatment techniques currently allows efficient organs-at-risk sparing without altering tumoral control. Recently, proton therapy has been evaluated for mediastinal HL treatment due to its potential to significantly reduce the dose to organs-at-risk, such as cardiac substructures. This is expected to limit late radiation-induced toxicity and possibly, second-neoplasm risk, compared with last-generation intensity-modulated radiation therapy. However, the democratization of this new technique faces multiple issues. Determination of which patient may benefit the most from proton therapy is subject to intense debate. The development of new effective systemic chemotherapy and organizational, societal, and political considerations might represent impediments to the larger-scale implementation of HL proton therapy. Based on the current literature, this critical review aims to discuss current challenges and controversies that may impede the larger-scale implementation of mediastinal HL proton therapy.
Changes in Circulating B Cell Subsets Associated with Aging and Acute SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques (2017)

Aging and certain viral infections can negatively impact humoral responses in humans. To further develop the nonhuman primate (NHP) model for investigating B cell dynamics in human aging and infectious disease, a flow cytometric panel was developed to characterize circulating rhesus B cell subsets. Significant differences between human and macaque B cells included the proportions of cells within IgD+ and switched memory populations and a prominent CD21-CD27+ unswitched memory population detected only in macaques. We then utilized the expanded panel to analyze B cell alterations associated with aging and acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in the NHP model. In the aging study, distinct patterns of B cell subset frequencies were observed for macaques aged one to five years compared to those between ages 5 and 30 years. In the SIV infection study, B cell frequencies and absolute number were dramatically reduced following acute infection, but recovered within four weeks of infection. Thereafter, the frequencies of activated memory B cells progressively increased; these were significantly correlated with the magnitude of SIV-specific IgG responses, and coincided with impaired maturation of anti-SIV antibody avidity, as previously reported for HIV-1 infection. These observations further validate the NHP model for investigation of mechanisms responsible for B cells alterations associated with immunosenescence and infectious disease.
Neural Tangents: Fast and Easy Infinite Neural Networks in Python (2019)

Neural Tangents is a library designed to enable research into infinite-width neural networks. It provides a high-level API for specifying complex and hierarchical neural network architectures. These networks can then be trained and evaluated either at finite-width as usual or in their infinite-width limit. Infinite-width networks can be trained analytically using exact Bayesian inference or using gradient descent via the Neural Tangent Kernel. Additionally, Neural Tangents provides tools to study gradient descent training dynamics of wide but finite networks in either function space or weight space. The entire library runs out-of-the-box on CPU, GPU, or TPU. All computations can be automatically distributed over multiple accelerators with near-linear scaling in the number of devices. Neural Tangents is available at www.github.com/google/neural-tangents. We also provide an accompanying interactive Colab notebook.
Activated Carbon Modified with Carbon Nanodots as Novel Electrode Material for Supercapacitors (2016)

The main goal of this work was to modify activated carbon (AC) with carbon nanodots (C-dots) and to explore the modified composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. C-dots were synthesized by sonication of polyethylene glycol followed by sonochemical modification of AC matrices with the preprepared C-dots. Sonication introduces the C-dots into the pores of the AC. The effect of the introduction of the C-dots into the AC and their incorporation into the pores was studied. The porosity of the AC/C-dots and the AC reference materials was explored, as well as the impact of the C-dot loading on the performance of the electrodes comprising these AC/C-dots. It was found that the AC/C-dot electrodes demonstrate a specific capacitance of 0.185 F/cm2 (per specific electrode area), three times higher than the capacitance of unmodified AC electrodes per specific electrode’s area. It was established that the new electrode’s material, namely, AC/C-dots, exhibits very stable electrochemical behavior. Many thousands of cycles could be demonstrated with stable capacity and a Coulombic efficiency of around 100%.
Influence of the substrate misorientation on the properties of N-polar InGaN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2008)

Smooth N-polar InGaN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN multiquantum wells (MQWs) and heterostructures were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) sapphire substrates with misorientation angles of 2°–5° toward the a-sapphire plane. For all investigated structures the tendency toward formation of multiatomic steps at the film surface and at interfaces increased with increasing misorientation angle. Thereby the crystal misorientation led to a stronger degradation of the interface quality and periodicity of InGaN/GaN in comparison to the AlGaN/GaN MQWs. While the alloy composition of AlGaN films was unaffected by the misorientation, the indium mole fraction in the InGaN layers and the wavelength of the MQW related luminescence decreased with increasing misorientation angle. The properties of the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which formed at the upper interface of semi-insulating GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures, were strongly anisotropic. Whereas the resistivity of the 2DEG measured perpendicular to the surface steps/undulations decreased with increasing misorientation angle, the resistivity measured in the parallel direction was significantly lower and unaffected by the crystal misorientation. Electron mobility values as high as 1800 cm2/V s were determined for conduction parallel to the surface steps/undulations.
SPy: Car Steering Reveals Your Trip Route! (2020)

Abstract Vehicular data-collection platforms as part of Original Equipment Manufacturers’ (OEMs’) connected telematics services are on the rise in order to provide diverse connected services to the users. They also allow the collected data to be shared with third-parties upon users’ permission. Under the current suggested permission model, we find these platforms leaking users’ location information without explicitly obtaining users’ permission. We analyze the accuracy of inferring a vehicle’s location from seemingly benign steering wheel angle (SWA) traces, and show its impact on the driver’s location privacy. By collecting and processing real-life SWA traces, we can infer the users’ exact traveled routes with up to 71% accuracy, which is much higher than the state-of-the-art.
Phenotypic Convergence and Divergence of Surface Immunoglobulin and CD40 Signals (1998)

Both anti-CD40 antibodies and anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) coupled to Sepharose induced proliferation of resting B cells and suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B-cell differentiation to immunoglobulin secretion at comparable levels determined with the plaque-forming assay and Ig RNA steady state levels. Anti-CD40 antibodies also increased the proliferation of B cells stimulated by T helper cells in vitro while suppressing their differentiation to Ig secretion. Further, B cells preactivated by anti-Ig, anti-CD40 or a combination of the two mitogens could be restimulated by anti-CD40 but not by anti-Ig antibodies. Phenotypic divergence of Ig and CD40 signals regarding surface expression of activation markers was observed. Restimulation of anti-Ig- or anti-CD40-prestimulated cells with anti-Ig induced apoptosis whereas apoptosis could be inhibited when cells were recultivated with anti-CD40.
Microwave-Promoted Suzuki Reactions of Aryl Chlorides in Aqueous Media (2005)

[reaction: see text] The microwave-promoted Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl chlorides with boronic acids performed in an aqueous media was studied using the air- and moisture-stable catalyst POPd2 (dihydrogen di-mu-chlorodichlorobis(di-tert-butylphosphinito-kappaP)dipalladate (2-)). This catalyst system under microwave conditions (150 degrees C, 15 min) provided coupled products with yields ranging from 64% to 99%. This method tolerated a variety of substituents and sterically hindered substrates.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Carbo- and Heterocycles through a CuH-Catalyzed Hydroalkylation Approach (2015)

The enantioselective, intramolecular hydroalkylation of halide-tethered styrenes has been achieved through a copper hydride-catalyzed process. This approach allowed for the synthesis of enantioenriched cyclobutanes, cyclopentanes, indanes, and six-membered N- and O-heterocycles. This protocol was applied to the synthesis of the commercial serotonin reuptake inhibitor (-)-paroxetine.
Data-Driven Framework to Predict the Rheological Properties of CaCl2 Brine-Based Drill-in Fluid Using Artificial Neural Network (2019)

Calcium chloride brine-based drill-in fluid is commonly used within the reservoir section, as it is specially formulated to maximize drilling experience, and to protect the reservoir from being damaged. Monitoring the drilling fluid rheology including plastic viscosity, P V , apparent viscosity, A V , yield point, Y p , flow behavior index, n , and flow consistency index, k , has great importance in evaluating hole cleaning and optimizing drilling hydraulics. Therefore, it is very crucial for the mud rheology to be checked periodically during drilling, in order to control its persistent change. Such properties are often measured in the field twice a day, and in practice, this takes a long time (2–3 h for taking measurements and cleaning the instruments). However, mud weight, M W , and Marsh funnel viscosity, M F , are periodically measured every 15–20 min. The objective of this study is to develop new models using artificial neural network, ANN, to predict the rheological properties of calcium chloride brine-based mud using M W and M F measurements then extract empirical correlations in a white-box mode to predict these properties based on M W and M F . Field measurements, 515 points, representing actual mud samples, were collected to build the proposed ANN models. The optimized parameters of these models resulted in highly accurate results indicated by a high correlation coefficient, R, between the predicted and measured values, which exceeded 0.97, with an average absolute percentage error, AAPE, that did not exceed 6.1%. Accordingly, the developed models are very useful for monitoring the mud rheology to optimize the drilling operation and avoid many problems such as hole cleaning issues, pipe sticking and loss of circulation.
Towards numerical benchmark for half-precision floating point arithmetic (2017)

With NVIDA Tegra Jetson X1 and Pascal P100 GPUs, NVIDIA introduced hardware-based computation on FP16 numbers also called half-precision arithmetic. In this talk, we will introduce the steps required to build a viable benchmark for this new arithmetic format. This will include the connections to established IEEE floating point standards and existing HPC benchmarks. The discussion will focus on performance and numerical stability issues that are important for this kind of benchmarking and how they relate to NVIDIA platforms.