gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Delivery of Neural Stem Cells into the Basal Ganglia of Nonhuman Primates Reveals a Pulsatile Mode of Cell Dispersion (2016)

Optimal stem cell delivery procedures are critical to the success of the cell therapy approach. Variables such as flow rate, suspension solution, needle diameter, cell density, and tissue mechanics affect tissue penetration, backflow along the needle, and the dispersion and survival of injected cells during delivery. Most cell transplantation centers engaged in human clinical trials use custom-designed cannula needles, syringes, or catheters, sometimes precluding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided delivery to target tissue. As a result, stem cell therapies may be hampered because more than 80% of grafted cells do not survive the delivery-for example, to the heart, liver/pancreas, and brain-which translates to poor patient outcomes. We developed a minimally invasive interventional MRI (iMRI) approach for intraoperatively imaging neural stem cell (NSC) delivery procedures. We used NSCs prelabeled with a contrast agent and real-time magnetic resonance imaging to guide the injection cannula to the target and to track the delivery of the cells into the putamen of baboons. We provide evidence that cell injection into the brain parenchyma follows a novel pulsatile mode of cellular discharge from the delivery catheter despite a constant infusion flow rate. The rate of cell infusion significantly affects the dispersion and viability of grafted cells. We report on our investigational use of a frameless navigation system for image-guided NSC transplantation using a straight cannula. Through submillimeter accuracy and real-time imaging, iMRI approaches may improve the safety and efficacy of neural cell transplantation therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:877-885.
Mitigating the impact of high interference levels on energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (2011)

An analysis of the impact of the presence of high levels of interference in wireless sensor networks in residential buildings is presented. Furthermore, this is accompanied by WLAN measurement data to provide a quantitative illustration of actual interference levels experienced and associated signal statistics. The analysis use the excess energy needed with a simple retransmission scheme to maintain a predefined packet error rate as a figure of merit. Based on the analysis results and the example measurement data, a strategy to mitigate the effect of interference utilising the offered figure of merit is proposed.
Cwp84, aClostridium difficilecysteine protease, exhibits conformational flexibility in the absence of its propeptide (2015)

In recent decades, the global healthcare problems caused by Clostridium difficile have increased at an alarming rate. A greater understanding of this antibiotic-resistant bacterium, particularly with respect to how it interacts with the host, is required for the development of novel strategies for fighting C. difficile infections. The surface layer (S-layer) of C. difficile is likely to be of significant importance to host-pathogen interactions. The mature S-layer is formed by a proteinaceous array consisting of multiple copies of a high-molecular-weight and a low-molecular-weight S-layer protein. These components result from the cleavage of SlpA by Cwp84, a cysteine protease. The structure of a truncated Cwp84 active-site mutant has recently been reported and the key features have been identified, providing the first structural insights into the role of Cwp84 in the formation of the S-layer. Here, two structures of Cwp84 after propeptide cleavage are presented and the three conformational changes that are observed are discussed. These changes result in a reconfiguration of the active site and exposure of the hydrophobic pocket.
A pitfall of using 2‐[(2E)‐3‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐2‐methylprop‐2‐enylidene]malononitrile as a matrix in MALDI TOF MS: chemical adduction of matrix to analyte amino groups (2010)

2-[(2E)-3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enylidene]malononitrile (DCTB) has been considered as an excellent matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) of many types of synthetic compounds. However, it might provide troublesome results for compounds containing aliphatic primary or secondary amino groups. For these compounds, strong extra ion peaks with a mass difference of 184.1 Da were usually observed, which might falsely indicate the presence of some unknown impurities that were not detected by other matrices. On the basis of the possible mechanisms proposed, these extra ions are the products of nucleophilic reactions between analyte amino groups and DCTB molecules or radical cations. In these reactions, an amino group replaces the dicyanomethylene group of DCTB forming a matrix adduct via a -C=N-bond. An aliphatic primary amine could react easily with DCTB and the reaction could start once they are mixed in a MALDI solution. For an aliphatic secondary amine, on the other hand, the reaction most likely occurs in the gas phase. Protonation of amino groups by adding acid seems to be a useful way to stop DCTB adduction for compounds with one single amino group, but not for compounds with multiple amino groups. Unlike aliphatic primary or secondary amines, aliphatic tertiary amines and aromatic amines do not yield DCTB adducts. This is because tertiary amines do not have the required transferrable H-(N) atom to form an extra -C=N-bond, while aromatic amines are not sufficiently nucleophilic to attack DCTB. In view of the possible matrix adduction, care should be taken in MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) when DCTB is used as the matrix for compounds containing amino group(s).
Compton imaging tomography technique for NDE of large nonuniform structures (2011)

In this paper we describe a new nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique called Compton Imaging Tomography (CIT) for reconstructing the complete three-dimensional internal structure of an object, based on the registration of multiple two-dimensional Compton-scattered x-ray images of the object. CIT provides high resolution and sensitivity with virtually any material, including lightweight structures and organics, which normally pose problems in conventional x-ray computed tomography because of low contrast. The CIT technique requires only one-sided access to the object, has no limitation on the object's size, and can be applied to high-resolution real-time in situ NDE of large aircraft/spacecraft structures and components. Theoretical and experimental results will be presented.
Multiple invariance ESPRIT (1992)

A subspace-fitting formulation of the ESPRIT problem is presented that provides a framework for extending the algorithm to exploit arrays with multiple invariances. In particular, a multiple invariance (MI) ESPRIT algorithm is developed and the asymptotic distribution of the estimates is obtained. Simulations are conducted to verify the analysis and to compare the performance of MI ESPRIT with that of several other approaches. The excellent quality of the MI ESPRIT estimates is explained by recent results which state that, under certain conditions, subspace-fitting methods of this type are asymptotically efficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spherical outdoor to indoor power spectrum model at the mobile terminal (2002)

Mobile terminals are often used indoor with the base station outdoors. At the mobile terminal the major part of the signal energy comes through openings in the building such as windows. Typically, only one of the sides in a room has windows, and seldom does a room have windows on all sides. Hence, the dominating signal can be expected to arrive at the mobile terminal from a narrow range of angles. Mobile terminal antennas used next to the head in the speaking position will be directional due to the fact that part of the radiation pattern facing the head will be attenuated and reflected. Having a directive antenna in a directive environment, the performance will depend on the orientation of the antenna in the radio environment. A new statistical spherical outdoor to indoor power spectrum model has been proposed to be able to calculate the directional performance of mobile terminals with a single or multiple antennas. The model consists of a major scattering area in one direction and more uniformly distributed minor scatterers in the other directions. A verification of the proposed model was performed and 60 data sets of spherical power spectrum measurements were collected in a typical urban environment. Using the new model, the directional performance of mobile terminal antennas including a human operator has been investigated through directional mean effective gain, branch power ratio, and correlation calculations using spherical radiation pattern measurements of a mobile terminal including the effect of 42 different persons. The accuracy of the calculated values was verified by directly measured values using 200 persons walking with the mobile terminal in the same office-like environments as where the spherical power spectrum measurements were performed.
Heterogeneous expression of melanoma‐associated antigens and HLA‐A2 in metastatic melanoma in vivo (1998)

MART-1/MelanA and Pmel17/gp100 are melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs) that can be recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) capable of mediating successful adoptive therapy in vivo. Analysis of melanoma cell lines in vitro has demonstrated that heterogeneous antigen expression in the context of class I MHC is a significant co-factor in determining the recognition of melanoma targets by cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs). In this study, 217 specimens from 103 patients with metastatic melanoma were examined for the expression of MART-1/MelanA (monoclonal antibody \[MAb\] M27C10) and Pmel17/gp100 (HMB45 MAb) by immuno-histochemistry. Marked heterogeneity in the expression of both MAAs was confirmed by analysis of the percentage of positively staining tumor cells or the average intensity of tumor staining. We also noted heterogeneity of expression among multiple lesions taken from different anatomic sites within a patient. A dissociation was noted in the detection of MART-1 and gp100 in some lesions, with gp100 being undetectable in 24% of the lesions and MART-1 being undetectable in 11%. In several cases, loss of one MAA was not associated with loss of the other MAA, suggesting that MART-1 can represent a useful additional marker for the diagnosis of melanoma in gp100 (HMB45)-negative lesions. Of the 217 specimens, 155 were obtained from HLA-A*0201 patients, of which 6% were negative for HLA-A2, 8% were negative for MART-1/MelanA and 21% were negative for Pmel17/gp100. The potential significance of our findings is illustrated by a case study in which a patient with melanoma experienced rapid tumor progression in association with loss of either MAA or HLA expression in several lesions. Int. J. Cancer 75:517-524, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Evaluation of Staging Laparoscopy in Colorectal Cancer Assessment (2019)

Background: The goal of staging laparoscopy in primary gastrointestinal malignancies is to examine any local, regional, and/or metastatic disease in order to determine the stage of the presenting malignancy, and thus, the possibility of performing a curative resection. This study aimed to evaluate the role of staging laparoscopy in preoperative assessment of colorectal cancer patients. Subjects and Method:this is a cross-sectional study, conducted at Suez Canal University hospital. A total of 26 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled and had a CT scanning with contrast and staging laparoscopy as a step in the preoperative assessment of their disease. Results: Staging laparoscopy of these patients revealed metastatic spread in 10 cases (38%). Both pelvi-abdominal CT and staging laparoscopy had equally high specificity for metastatic diseases (99%). However, regarding the sensitivity, staging laparoscopy was superior to pelvi-abdominal CT in detecting the presence of metastatic disease in general (83% vs 66%, p=0.026). Conclusion: staging laparoscopy is a valuable tool in evaluating colorectal cancer patients preoperatively. Future studies should be conducted on a higher number of patients in order to detect the actual value of staging laparoscopy in detecting metastatic spread.
Perioperative Nerve Injury After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (2012)

The incidence of PNI (2.2%) is consistent with previous estimates in patients undergoing TSA. The use of ISB did not increase the risk for PNI. Most patients with PNI had improvement of their neurologic symptoms. These results further support the use of ISB analgesia for patients undergoing TSA.
Anti-Money Laundering in Bitcoin: Experimenting with Graph Convolutional\n Networks for Financial Forensics (2019)

Anti-money laundering (AML) regulations play a critical role in safeguarding\nfinancial systems, but bear high costs for institutions and drive financial\nexclusion for those on the socioeconomic and international margins. The advent\nof cryptocurrency has introduced an intriguing paradox: pseudonymity allows\ncriminals to hide in plain sight, but open data gives more power to\ninvestigators and enables the crowdsourcing of forensic analysis. Meanwhile\nadvances in learning algorithms show great promise for the AML toolkit. In this\nworkshop tutorial, we motivate the opportunity to reconcile the cause of safety\nwith that of financial inclusion. We contribute the Elliptic Data Set, a time\nseries graph of over 200K Bitcoin transactions (nodes), 234K directed payment\nflows (edges), and 166 node features, including ones based on non-public data;\nto our knowledge, this is the largest labelled transaction data set publicly\navailable in any cryptocurrency. We share results from a binary classification\ntask predicting illicit transactions using variations of Logistic Regression\n(LR), Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), and Graph Convolutional\nNetworks (GCN), with GCN being of special interest as an emergent new method\nfor capturing relational information. The results show the superiority of\nRandom Forest (RF), but also invite algorithmic work to combine the respective\npowers of RF and graph methods. Lastly, we consider visualization for analysis\nand explainability, which is difficult given the size and dynamism of\nreal-world transaction graphs, and we offer a simple prototype capable of\nnavigating the graph and observing model performance on illicit activity over\ntime. With this tutorial and data set, we hope to a) invite feedback in support\nof our ongoing inquiry, and b) inspire others to work on this societally\nimportant challenge.\n
Optical transport, lifting and trapping of micro-particles by planar waveguides (2015)

Optical waveguides can be used to trap and transport micro-particles. The particles are held close to the waveguide surface by the evanescent field and propelled forward. We propose a new technique to lift and trap particles above the surface of the waveguides. This is made possible by a gap between two opposing, planar waveguides. The field emitted from each of the waveguide ends diverge fast, away from the substrate and into the cover-medium. By combining two fields propagating at an angle upwards and coming from opposite sides of a gap, particles can be stably lifted and trapped at the crossing of the two fields. Thus, particles are transported by waveguides leading to a gap, where they are lifted away from the substrate and trapped. The experiments are supported by numerical simulations of the forces on the micro-particles. Fluorescence imaging is used to track the particles in 3D with a precision of 50 nm.
Editorial Comments (1992)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1992Editorial Comments Glenn M. Preminger Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36815-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 148(3 Part 2), p. 1056 © 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 148Issue 3 Part 2September 1992Page: 1056 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Structure, Genetic structure and genetic variation of influenza viruses (1980)

The following contribution summarizes our most recent results concerning analysis of the influenza A, B and C virus genomes. In addition, we present data on the extent of genetic variation of H1N1 influenza viruses isolated during the months following the 1977 outbreak of H1N1 influenza in China and Russia. A detailed description of these results is published elsewhere.
Влияние Ингавирина на ультраструктурные особенности морфогенеза парагриппозной инфекции in vitro и in vivo (2012)

Human parainfluenza viruses cause damage of upper respiratory tract in patients of all age groups. The main antiviral drug is Ribavirin, which has severe side effects and is prescribed only at life-threatening conditions. The activity of Ingavirin against human parainfluenza virus was demonstrated in this work both in cell culture and in the model of parainfluenza pneumonia in Syrian hamsters using transmission electron microscopy. The application of Ingavirin is shown to reduce the number of progeny virions and cytopathic effect of the virus. The effect of Ingavirin was similar or exceeded that of ribavirin. In the in vivo experiments Ingavirin was shown to normalize the morphological structure of lungs, decreasing thereby the degree of destruction of alveolocytes. It also restricted budding of progeny virions and reduced the amount of inflammatory infiltrate. Thus, the combination of antiviral, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties makes Ingavirin an important component of comprehensive therapy of human parainfluenza infection.
The Wildfire Challenge Problem (2001)

We pose as a challenge to the verification community the problem of finding errors in the specification of a complicated cache-coherence protocol. It specifies a simplified version of the protocol used in an actual multiprocessor computer, except with one error deliberately introduced and another introduced by accident. The protocol and the memory model it is supposed to implement are described here; their complete specifications are posted on the Web. Contents 1
Multielectron Transfer at Cobalt: Influence of the Phenylazopyridine Ligand (2017)

The dicationic complex [CpCo(azpy)(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)](ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> 1 (azpy = phenylazopyridine) exhibits a reversible two-electron reduction at a very mild potential (-0.16 V versus Fc<sup>0/+</sup>) in acetonitrile. This behavior is not observed with the analogous bipyridine and pyrazolylpyridine complexes (3 and 4), which display an electrochemical signature typical of Co<sup>III</sup> systems: two sequential one-electron reductions to Co<sup>II</sup> at -0.4 V and Co<sup>I</sup> at -1.0 to -1.3 V versus Fc<sup>0/+</sup>. The doubly reduced, neutral complex [CpCo(azpy)] 2 is isolated as an air-stable, diamagnetic solid via chemical reduction with cobaltocene. Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization together with experimentally calibrated density functional theory calculations illuminate the key structural and electronic changes that occur upon reduction of 1 to 2. The electrochemical potential inversion observed with 1 is attributed to effective overlap between the metal d and the low-energy azo π* orbitals in the intermediary redox state and additional stabilization of 2 from structural reorganization, leading to a two-electron reduction. This result serves as a key milestone in the quest for two-electron transformations with mononuclear first-row transition metal complexes at mild potentials.
CO desorption kinetics from clean and sulfur-covered Ru(001) surfaces (1990)

The desorption of CO from clean and sulfur-covered Ru(001) surfaces was studied using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. CO was observed to desorb from clean Ru(001) with coverage-dependent kinetics. The isothermal desorption of CO was monitored with LITD measurements. The rates for CO desorption were determined using a simple Padé approximant method to evaluate coverage-dependent kinetic parameters. On the clean Ru(001) surface, the desorption activation energy and preexponential dropped sharply from Ed=34 kcal/mol and νd=5×1015s−1 for ΘCO&amp;lt;0.33 ML to Ed=23 kcal/mol and νd=2×1012s−1, for ΘCO&amp;gt;0.33 ML. The clean Ru(001) surface results agreed very well with earlier studies of CO desorption. The presence of surface sulfur shifted the TPD peaks for CO on Ru(001) to lower temperatures. Likewise, isothermal LITD measurements revealed that the CO desorption parameters at ΘCO=0.06 ML decreased from Ed=36 kcal/mol and νd=1×1016s−1 to Ed=22 kcal/mol and νd=5×1010s−1 as the sulfur coverage increased from ΘS=0.00 to 0.24 ML. The kinetic parameters derived from the isothermal LITD experiments were able to predict accurately the CO TPD spectra as a function of CO coverage, sulfur coverage and heating rate. The dramatic effect of sulfur on the CO desorption kinetics at low sulfur coverages argued for a long-ranged electronic effect for sulfur interacting with CO on Ru(001).
Noninvasive imaging of pancreatic islet inflammation in type 1A diabetes patients (2010)

Type 1A diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by leukocyte infiltration of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. A major impediment to advances in understanding, preventing, and curing T1D has been the inability to "see" the disease initiate, progress, or regress, especially during the occult phase. Here, we report the development of a noninvasive method to visualize T1D at the target organ level in patients with active insulitis. Specifically, we visualized islet inflammation, manifest by microvascular changes and monocyte/macrophage recruitment and activation, using magnetic resonance imaging of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). As a proof of principle for this approach, imaging of infused ferumoxtran-10 nanoparticles permitted effective visualization of the pancreas and distinction of recent-onset diabetes patients from nondiabetic controls. The observation that MNPs accumulate in the pancreas of T1D patients opens the door to exploiting this noninvasive imaging method to follow T1D progression and monitoring the ability of immunomodulatory agents to clear insulitis.