gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endocrine and Nutritional Management of the Post-Bariatric Surgery Patient: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2010)

Bariatric surgery is not a guarantee of successful weight loss and maintenance. Increasingly, patients regain weight, especially those undergoing restrictive surgeries such as laparoscopic banding rather than malabsorptive surgeries such as Roux-en-Y bypass. Active nutritional patient education and clinical management to prevent and detect nutritional deficiencies are recommended for all patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Management of potential nutritional deficiencies is particularly important for patients undergoing malabsorptive procedures, and strategies should be employed to compensate for food intolerance in patients who have had a malabsorptive procedure to reduce the risk for clinically important nutritional deficiencies. To enhance the transition to life after bariatric surgery and to prevent weight regain and nutritional complications, all patients should receive care from a multidisciplinary team including an experienced primary care physician, endocrinologist, or gastroenterologist and consider enrolling postoperatively in a comprehensive program for nutrition and lifestyle management. Future research should address the effectiveness of intensive postoperative nutritional and endocrine care in reducing morbidity and mortality from obesity-associated chronic diseases.
Chromium(III) and iron(III) inhibits replication of DNA and RNA viruses (2017)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of treating of chromium(III) and iron(III) and their combinations on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) replication. The antiviral efficacies of chromium(III) and iron(III) on HSV-1 and BVDV were evaluated using Real Time PCR method. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of these microelements was examined using the MTT reduction assay. The IC<sub>50</sub> (50% inhibiotory concentration) for the chromium chloride was 1100 μM for Hep-2 cells and 1400 μM for BT cells. The IC<sub>50</sub> for the iron chloride was 1200 μM for Hep-2 cells and more than1400 μM for BT cells. The concentration-dependent antiviral activity of chromium chloride and iron chloride against HSV-1 and BVDV viruses was observed. In cultures simultaneously treated with (1) 200 μM of CrCl<sub>3</sub> and 1000 μM of FeCl<sub>3</sub>, (2) 1000 μM of CrCl<sub>3</sub> and 200 μM of FeCl<sub>3</sub>, (3) 400 μM of CrCl<sub>3</sub> and 800 μM of FeCl<sub>3</sub>, (4) 800 μM of CrCl<sub>3</sub> and 400 μM of FeCl<sub>3</sub> a decrease in number of DNA or RNA copies was observed compared with control cells and cells incubated with chromium(III) and iron(III) used separately. The synergistic antiviral effects were observed for chromium(III) and iron(III) against HSV-1 and BVDV.
SR Path Ingress Protection (2019)

This document describes extensions to Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
for protecting the ingress node of a Segment Routing (SR) tunnel or
path.
Selection Collider Bias in Large Language Models (2022)

In this paper we motivate the causal mechanisms behind sample selection induced collider bias (selection collider bias) that can cause Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn unconditional dependence between entities that are unconditionally independent in the real world. We show that selection collider bias can become amplified in underspecified learning tasks, and although difficult to overcome, we describe a method to exploit the resulting spurious correlations for determination of when a model may be uncertain about its prediction. We demonstrate an uncertainty metric that matches human uncertainty in tasks with gender pronoun underspecification on an extended version of the Winogender Schemas evaluation set, and we provide an online demo where users can apply our uncertainty metric to their own texts and models.
Correction: Prevention of Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Activation by a Vγ9Vδ2 TCR Nanobody (2017)

de Bruin, R. C. G., A. G. M. Stam, A. Vangone, P. M. P. van Bergen en Henegouwen, H. M. W. Verheul, Z. Sebestyen, J. Kuball, A. M. J. J. Bonvin, T. D. de Gruijl, and H. J. van der Vliet. 2017. Prevention of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by a Vγ9Vδ2 TCR nanobody. J. Immunol . 198: [308–317][1].
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Short Convergent Synthetic Strategy to Carbocyclic Nucleosides (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Engaging Freshmen Women in Research – Feedback from Students and Best Practices for Faculty (2015)

where for the last 8 years she has worked to better the environment and increase opportunities for women students interested in pursuing degrees in technology and engineering. During this time these and other efforts have yielded both a significant increase in women student enrollment and a decrease in attrition rates
Two-way indent depth recovery in a NiTi shape memory alloy (2006)

Controlled reversible changes in surface texture and topography are of interest to many applications, including information storage, optical communication devices, micro-fluidic instruments for drug delivery, and smart tribological surfaces for friction and wear control. Here, we demonstrate a method of inducing two-way reversible changes in an indentation made on the surface of a shape memory NiTi alloy. The two-way indent shape change is accomplished by thermomechanical training of spherical indents in NiTi shape memory alloy. After training, spherical indents exhibit two-way depth recovery: Shallow indent depth at high temperature and deep indent depth at low temperature. The reversible depth change is about 45% of the total indent depth and is stable over many cycles. The reversible depth change can have a wide range of engineering applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Process Improvement Chemistry. Part 5. Efficiency of Coupling in the Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioates via Phosphotriester Approach Utilizing Various Activating Reagents (I)‐(III). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gas Storage in “Dry Water” and “Dry Gel” Clathrates (2009)

"Dry water" (DW) is a free-flowing powder prepared by mixing water, hydrophobic silica particles, and air at high speeds. We demonstrated recently that DW can be used to dramatically enhance methane uptake rates in methane gas hydrate (MGH). Here, we expand on our initial work, demonstrating that DW can be used to increase the kinetics of formation of gas clathrates for gases other than methane, such as CO(2) and Kr. We also show that the stability of the system toward coalescence can be increased via the inclusion of a gelling agent to form a "dry gel", thus dramatically improving the recyclability of the material. For example, the addition of gellan gum allows effective reuse over at least eight clathration cycles without the need for reblending. DW and its "dry gel" modification may represent a potential platform for recyclable gas storage or gas separation on a practicable time scale in a static, unmixed system.
The Art of Innovation in Organic Chemistry: Synthetic Efforts Toward the Phomoidrides (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure–Function Relationships in Liquid‐Crystalline Halogen‐Bonded Complexes (2010)

New liquid-crystalline materials were prepared by self-assembly driven by halogen bonding between a range of 4-alkoxystilbazoles, 4-alkyl-, and 4-alkoxy-substituted pyridines as halogen-bonding acceptors, and substituted derivatives of 4-iodotetrafluorophenyl as halogen-bonding donors. Despite the fact that the starting materials are not mesomorphic, the dimeric, halogen-bonded complexes obtained exhibited nematic and SmA phases, depending on the length of the alkyl chains present on the components. The modularity of this approach also led to new chiral mesogens starting from non-mesomorphic chiral compounds.
Verification Involving PSTN Reachability: Requirements and Architecture Overview (2010)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has seen widespread deployment
within individual domains, typically supporting voice and video
communications. Though it was designed from the outset to support
inter-domain federation over the public Internet, such federation has
not materialized. The primary reasons for this are the complexities of
inter-domain phone number routing and concerns over security. This
document reviews this problem space, outlines requirements, and then
describes a new model and technique for inter-domain federation with
SIP, called Verification Involving PSTN Reachability (ViPR). ViPR
addresses the problems that have prevented inter-domain federation
over the Internet. It provides fully distributed inter- domain routing
for phone numbers, authorized mappings from phone numbers to domains,
a new technique for automated VOIP anti-spam, and privacy of number
ownership, all while preserving the trapezoidal model of SIP.
Neural Mechanisms of Music, Singing, and Dancing (2013)

Abstract Song and dance have been important components of human culture for millennia. Although song and dance, and closely related music psychological processes, rely on and support a broad range of behavioral and neural functions, recent work by cognitive neuroscientists has started to shed light on the brain mechanisms that underlie the perception and production of song and dance. This chapter enumerates processes and functions of song that span multiple timescales, ranging from articulatory processes at the scale of tens and hundreds of milliseconds to narrative and cultural processes which span minutes to years. A meta-analysis of pertinent functional neuroimaging studies identifies brain areas of interest for future studies. Although limited by the scope of the relatively small number of studies that have examined song-related processes, the meta-analysis contributes to a framework for thinking about these processes in terms of perception–action cycles. To date, most research on song has focused on the integration of linguistic and musical elements, whether in the binding together of pitch and syllables or, at a more temporally extended level, in the binding of melodies and lyrics. Often this has been with an eye toward the question of whether melodic information facilitates retention of linguistic information, particularly in individuals who have suffered a neurological insult. Evidence supports a view that merging novel linguistic and melodic information is an effortful process, one that is dependent on the context in which the information is associated, with a social context aiding retention. This observation provides an intriguing link between cognitive processes in the individual and the social as well as cultural functions that song and dance ultimately serve. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.
Methods of three-dimensional electrophoretic deposition for ceramic and cermet applications and systems thereof (2023)

A ceramic, metal, or cermet according to one embodiment includes a first layer having a gradient in composition, microstructure and/or density in an x-y plane oriented parallel to a plane of deposition of the first layer. A ceramic according to another embodiment includes a plurality of layers comprising particles of a non-cubic material, wherein each layer is characterized by the particles of the non-cubic material being aligned in a common direction. Additional products and methods are also disclosed.
Dynamic Conformational States Dictate Selectivity toward the Native Substrate in a Substrate-Permissive Acyltransferase (2016)

Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) is an essential acyltransferase that mediates flux through plant phenylpropanoid metabolism by catalyzing a reaction between p-coumaroyl-CoA and shikimate, yet it also exhibits broad substrate permissiveness in vitro. How do enzymes like HCT avoid functional derailment by cellular metabolites that qualify as non-native substrates? Here, we combine X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics to reveal distinct dynamic modes of HCT under native and non-native catalysis. We find that essential electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the ligand and active site residues, permitted by active site plasticity, are elicited more effectively by shikimate than by other non-native substrates. This work provides a structural basis for how dynamic conformational states of HCT favor native over non-native catalysis by reducing the number of futile encounters between the enzyme and shikimate.
Exploration of mandelicacid‐basedpolymethacrylates: Synthesis, properties, and stereochemical effects (2020)

Abstract Mandelic acid (MA) was utilized as a chiral biomass‐based precursor to synthesize methacrylic monomers suitable for radical polymerization. A series of polymers were made that incorporated varying feeds of monomer stereopurity and the properties of these materials were investigated. High molar masses (&gt;90 kg/mol) were achieved and the chirality in each polymer closely reflected the stereopurity of the monomer feeds. It was discovered that stereochemical effects had very little influence on the thermal and viscoelastic properties of the polymers produced, however, the steric bulk of the chiral pendants resulted in glassy, amorphous, and thermally stable materials with very low degrees of entanglement. The synthesis, thermal, and viscoelastic properties are discussed.
A Log-linearized Viscoelastic Model for Measuring Changes in Vascular Impedance (2011)

This chapter proposes a new nonlinear model, called a log-linearized viscoelastic model, to estimate the dynamic characteristics of human arterial walls. The model employs mechanical impedance factors, including stiffness and viscosity, in beat-to-beat measured from biological signals such as arterial blood pressure and photoplethysmograms. The validity of the proposed method is determined by demonstrating how arterial wall impedance properties change during arm position testing in the vertical direction. The estimated stiffness indices are compared with those of the conventional linear model. Estimated impedance parameters with contribution ratios exceeding 0.97 were used for comparison. The results indicated that stiffness and viscosity decrease when the arm is raised and increase when it is lowered, in the same pattern as mean blood pressure. However, the changes seen in the proposed nonlinear viscoelastic parameter are smaller (P &lt; 0.05) than those of the linear model. This result suggests that the proposed nonlinear arterial viscoelastic model is less affected by changes in mean intravascular pressure during arm position changes.
Example of a Thermodynamically Controlled Reaction on a Semiconductor Surface:  Acetone on Ge(100)-2 × 1 (2001)

The adsorption of acetone on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface has been investigated using multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory quantum chemistry calculations and was found to be under thermodynamic control at room temperature. Acetone undergoes attachment at the carbonyl oxygen with loss of an α hydrogen at room temperature on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface to form an enol-like adduct. This so-called ene reaction has not been seen on the Si(100) surface, on which the reaction of acetone is under kinetic control and instead a less thermodynamically favored [2 + 2] addition across the carbonyl bond is observed. At low temperature, acetone adsorbs via dative-bond formation with the surface, which we find to be too weak to remain at room temperature in contrast to the stronger dative bonds formed by amines on the Si(100) and Ge(100) surfaces. There is evidence that the acetone ene product may undergo oxygen migration and insertion into Ge−Ge bonds, especially at elevated surface temperatures. Whereas the reactions of organics on Si(100)-2 × 1 are typically under kinetic control, thermodynamic control on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface is made possible by the reversibility of weak surface adsorption. The strategic use of thermodynamically controlled reactions on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface represents a new and potentially powerful approach for the selective formation of organic-functionalized semiconductor surfaces.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of a computer simulation of anaesthetic uptake and distribution as a teaching tool (1989)

Gas Man is an interactive, microcomputer-based simulation and tutorial designed to teach the principles of anaesthetic uptake and distribution. Using two resident groups, one at a primary university-teaching hospital and the other at a medical school affiliated community hospital, the authors compared residents' knowledge of the subject prior to exposure to the tutorial and the average time spent using the program during a self-paced instruction period. Both groups not only significantly improved their knowledge of uptake and distribution 8 weeks after using this program, but wished to spend additional time with it, implying that it was a pleasant and satisfying way to learn. Computer simulation has the potential to be an important teaching tool in an anaesthesia residency training programme.
Pharmacokinetic study of Sudaxine in dog plasma using novel LC–MS/MS method (2018)

We developed a novel LC-MS/MS method of Sudaxine detection and quantification and determined its pharmacokinetic profiles after intravenous administration in canine subjects. Sudaxine followed first-order kinetics with rapid dose-dependent clearance rates and short half-life making it an ideal candidate for use in a critical care setting with intramuscular or IV administration.
Fundamental Studies of Crystal Growth of Microporous Materials (2002)

Microporous materials are framework structures with well-defined porosity, often of molecular dimensions. Zeolites contain aluminum and silicon atoms in their framework and are the most extensively studied amongst all microporous materials. Framework structures with P, Ga, Fe, Co, Zn, B, Ti and a host of other elements have also been made. Typical synthesis of microporous materials involve mixing the framework elements (or compounds, thereof) in a basic solution, followed by aging in some cases and then heating at elevated temperatures. This process is termed hydrothermal synthesis, and involves complex chemical and physical changes. Because of a limited understanding of this process, most synthesis advancements happen by a trial and error approach. There is considerable interest in understanding the synthesis process at a molecular level with the expectation that eventually new framework structures will be built by design. The basic issues in the microporous materials crystallization process include: (1) Nature of the molecular units responsible for the crystal nuclei formation; (2) Nature of the nuclei and nucleation process; (3) Growth process of the nuclei into crystal; (4) Morphological control and size of the resulting crystal; (5) Surface structure of the resulting crystals; (6) Transformation of frameworks into other frameworks or condensed structures. The NASA-funded research described in this report focuses to varying degrees on all of the above issues and has been described in several publications. Following is the presentation of the highlights of our current research program. The report is divided into five sections: (1) Fundamental aspects of the crystal growth process; (2) Morphological and Surface properties of crystals; (3) Crystal dissolution and transformations; (4) Modeling of Crystal Growth; (5) Relevant Microgravity Experiments.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Using Intra-Beam Superposition Coding and SIC in Base Station Cooperative MIMO Cellular Downlink (2015)

This paper extends our previously proposed non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme to the base station (BS) cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular downlink for future radio access. The proposed NOMA scheme employs intra-beam superposition coding of a multiuser signal at the transmitter and the spatial filtering of inter-beam interference followed by the intra-beam successive interference canceller (SIC) at the user terminal receiver. The intra-beam SIC cancels out the inter-user interference within a beam. This configuration achieves reduced overhead for the downlink reference signaling for channel estimation at the user terminal in the case of non-orthogonal user multiplexing and enables the use of the SIC receiver in the MIMO downlink. The transmitter beamforming (precoding) matrix is controlled based on open loop-type random beamforming using a block-diagonalized beamforming matrix, which is very efficient in terms of the amount of feedback information from the user terminal. Simulation results show that the proposed NOMA scheme with block-diagonalized random beamforming in BS cooperative multiuser MIMO and the intra-beam SIC achieves better system-level throughput than orthogonal multiple access (OMA), which is assumed in LTE-Advanced. We also show that BS cooperative operation along with the proposed NOMA further enhances the cell-edge user throughput gain which implies better user fairness and universal connectivity.
A Family of Non-negative Matrix Factorizations for One-Class Collaborative Filtering Problems (2009)

This paper is motivated by the industrial research problem of designing a real-world recommender system for a large Information Technology (IT) company. Given historical records of client purchases, compactly represented as a sparse client-times-product “who-bought-what ” binary matrix, the goal is to build a model that provides recommendations for what products should be sold next to the existing client base. Such a problem may naturally be formulated as a collaborative filtering task. However, this is a one-class setting, that is, if a client has not bought a product yet, it does not imply that the client has a low propensity to potentially buy that product later. In the absence of explicitly labeled negative examples, one may resort to considering zero-valued client-product pairs as either missing data or as surrogate negative instances. In this paper, we outline an approach to explicitly deal with this kind of ambiguity by instead treating zero-valued pairs as optimization variables. These variables are optimized in conjunction with learning a weighted, low-rank non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) of the client-product matrix. The proposed algorithm alternates NMF optimization with deterministicannealing/continuation techniques designed for global minimization of combinatorial and non-convex objective functions. Experimental results show that our approach can give significantly better recommendations in comparison to various competing alternatives on a one-class collaborative filtering task.
Complete Genome Sequence of Luteitalea sp. Strain TBR-22 (2022)

We report a complete genome sequence of a novel bacterial isolate, strain TBR-22, belonging to the class <i>Vicinamibacteria</i> of the phylum <i>Acidobacteria</i>, which was isolated from duckweed fronds. The genome expands our knowledge of the lifestyle of this abundant but rarely characterized phylum.