gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DMH1, a Novel BMP Small Molecule Inhibitor, Increases Cardiomyocyte Progenitors and Promotes Cardiac Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2012)

The possibility of using cell-based therapeutics to treat cardiac failure has generated significant interest since the initial introduction of stem cell-based technologies. However, the methods to quickly and robustly direct stem cell differentiation towards cardiac cell types have been limited by a reliance on recombinant growth factors to provide necessary biological cues. We report here the use of dorsomorphin homologue 1 (DMH1), a second-generation small molecule BMP inhibitor based on dorsomorphin, to efficiently induce beating cardiomyocyte formation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and to specifically upregulate canonical transcriptional markers associated with cardiac development. DMH1 differs significantly from its predecessor by its ability to enrich for pro-cardiac progenitor cells that respond to late-stage Wnt inhibition using XAV939 and produce secondary beating cardiomyocytes. Our study demonstrates the utility of small molecules to complement existing in vitro cardiac differentiation protocols and highlights the role of transient BMP inhibition in cardiomyogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF MARASMIC ACID (1976)

Abstract Reduktion des Aldehyds (Ia) und Diels‐Alder‐ Reaktion des gebildeten Alkohols (Ib) mit dem Anhydrid (II) liefern ein 1:1‐Gemisch der Lactonsäuren (IIIa) und (IIIb), die zu (IVa) und (IVb) verestert werden.
Sparse parametric modeling of the early part of acoustic impulse responses (2017)

Acoustic channels are typically described by their Acoustic Impulse Response (AIR) as a Moving Average (MA) process. Such AIRs are often considered in terms of their early and late parts, describing discrete reflections and the diffuse reverberation tail respectively. We propose an approach for constructing a sparse parametric model for the early part. The model aims at reducing the number of parameters needed to represent it and subsequently reconstruct from the representation the MA coefficients that describe it. It consists of a representation of the reflections arriving at the receiver as delayed copies of an excitation signal. The Time-Of-Arrivals of reflections are not restricted to integer sample instances and a dynamically estimated model for the excitation sound is used. We also present a corresponding parameter estimation method, which is based on regularized-regression and nonlinear optimization. The proposed method also serves as an analysis tool, since estimated parameters can be used for the estimation of room geometry, the mixing time and other channel properties. Experiments involving simulated and measured AIRs are presented, in which the AIR coefficient reconstruction-error energy does not exceed 11.4% of the energy of the original AIR coefficients. The results also indicate dimensionality reduction figures exceeding 90% when compared to a MA process representation.
New vectors for gene therapy (2009)

Retrovirus-based vectors are presently the most efficient gene transfer vehicles for introducing genes into human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. However, their use for gene therapy is still problematic. A major obstacle is viral sequences such as the tRNA primer binding site or the dimerization and encapsidation signals that are not required for the expression of the therapeutic gene. These sequences can recombine with endogenous and/or exogenous retroviruses to generate new forms of unpredictable retroviruses. Moreover, these sequences are the targets for transcriptional repressors which inhibit the expression of the transduced genes. Therefore we have developed a new generation of retrovirus vectors which self-delete upon integration. The vectors are based on the natural life cycle of retroviruses, involving duplication of the terminal control regions U5 and U3 to generate long terminal repeats, and on the ability of the P1-phage site-specific recombinase (Cre) to excise any sequences positioned between two target sequences (loxP). Thus, while inserting a therapy gene into the genome, the vectors simultaneously excise most proviral sequences that are not required for gene expression.
Interactive co-design of high throughput embedded multimedia (2000)

The idea of Force-Directed Scheduling (FDS) was first introduced by Paulin and Knight to minimize the number of resources required in the high-level synthesis of high-throughput ASICs [3]. In this paper, we reformulate the original FDS algorithm to address the interactive hardware and software design of low-cost but still high-throughput embedded multimedia systems.
Molecularly Engineered 6FDA‐Based Polyimide Membranes for Sour Natural Gas Separation (2020)

Abstract Glassy polyimide membranes are attractive for industrial applications in sour natural gas purification. Unfortunately, the lack of fundamental understanding of relationships between polyimide chemical structures and their gas transport properties in the presence of H 2 S constrains the design and engineering of advanced membranes for such challenging applications. Herein, 6FDA‐based polyimide membranes with engineered structures were synthesized to tune their CO 2 /CH 4 and H 2 S/CH 4 separation performances and plasticization properties. Under ternary mixed sour gas feeds, controlling polymer chain packing and plasticization tendency of such polyimide membranes via tuning the chemical structures were found to offer better combined H 2 S and CO 2 removal efficiency compared to conventional polymers. Fundamental insights into structure–property relationships of 6FDA‐based polyimide membranes observed in this study offer guidance for next generation membranes for sour natural gas separation.
5G to 6G: A Paradigm Shift in Radio Channel Modelling (2022)

Since the publication of the special collection on Radio Channel Modelling for 5G Millimeter Wave Communications in the Built Environments new frequency bands, new antennas and new transmission techniques are being proposed to cope with the demanding requirements of beyond-5G systems. In this commentary, we provide an overview of the new technology and on how it will impact on radiowave propagation characteristics, and the way radio channel models will be developed and used in the future.
Automated slice‐specific simultaneous z‐shim method for reducing B1 inhomogeneity and susceptibility‐induced signal loss with parallel transmission at 3T (2014)

The proposed fully automated pTX z-shim method enables time-efficient and robust signal recovery in GRE-based sequences on a clinical scanner using two standard whole-body transmit coils.
Cytokines Regulate Vascular Functions Related to Stability of the Atherosclerotic Plaque (1995)

The cytokines are multipotent mediators of inflammation and immunity that can affect key functions of vascular wall cells. Growing evidence suggests that cytokines participate as autocrine or paracrine mediators in atherogenesis, as cells in lesions can both produce and respond to these mediators. The functions of vascular wall cells regulated by cytokines may influence lesion initiation, progression, or complication. For example, cytokines can regulate the expression of adhesion molecules crucial to the recruitment of leukocytes to lesions, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can regulate the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a potential signal for directed migration of monocytes into the intima. Cytokines can also regulate genes that encode other growth factors and cytokines themselves. TNF-alpha can induce IL-1 mRNA in human endothelial (EC) and smooth-muscle cells (SMC). IL-1 and TNF-alpha can augment the production by vascular cells of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), which may promote growth and activation of mononuclear phagocytes. Cytokines can exert both pro-and antiatherogenic actions. Activated T cells in human atheroma may secrete the lymphokine IFN-gamma, an inhibitor of SMC proliferation. Cytokines influence vasomotor tone in arteries, e.g., by inducing a form of nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme that synthesizes the vasodilatory nitric oxide radical. The cytokines also modulate endothelial functions that govern the formation and stability of blood thrombi. Finally, in the late stages of the disease, matrix metalloproteinases derived from macrophages or smooth-muscle cells themselves may contribute to weakening of the fibrous cap in the vulnerable shoulder area, promoting plaque rupture and occlusive thrombosis, culminating in the dramatic clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Thus, cytokines can influence multiple aspects of atherogenesis and provide new and interesting targets for therapeutic intervention.
Towards Uniform Temperature Distribution in SOI Circuits Using Carbon Nanotube Based Thermal Interconnect (2008)

Increasing power density (due to faster clock and high device integration density) coupled with limited cooling capacity of the package causes die overheating and leads to reliability concerns. In this paper, we present a methodology to mitigate temperature-induced reliability problems by transferring the heat dissipated in a region of high activity (such as the ALU in a processor that creates localized "hotspot") to regions of lower activity (such as on-chip cache). We propose to use carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as "thermal interconnect" for on-die heat transfer since CNTs have significantly higher thermal conductivity than typical heat-spreader materials. We note that the proposed heat transfer framework is particularly suitable to thermal management in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices, which suffer from fine-grained thermal gradient. Simulation results indicate that the use of CNTs for heat conduction from hotspot to a region of lower activity (which we denote as a 'coolspot'), achieves 13% (16degC) decrease in temperature at the hotspot and only 3% (1.5degC) increase in temperature at the coolspot of an alpha microprocessor model.
3D cuboid scene understanding by a mixed cognitive graph and log-complex mapping paradigm (2003)

A methodology is presented for analysis of wire patterns reduced from scenes containing cuboid objects. The 2D wire-pattern graph is partitioned into subgraphs representing individual cuboids. These are in turn mapped onto the log-complex plane to determine by a simple procedure the 3D orientation of each object. The transform from the polar to the log-complex plane is based on a model of the retinotopic mapping which takes place at the level of the visual cortex, which achieves size-and-rotation invariance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficient Resolution of (plus/minus)-1-(9-Anthryl)ethylamine (2002)

Conditions for efficient resolution of (+/-)-1-(9-anthryl)ethylamine (+/--1) by fractional crystallization of its salts with (S)-(+)-mandelic acid (2) are reported. When crystallization was performed by fast addition of chloroform solution of an equivalent of (+/-)-1 to the hot chloroform solution of (+)-2, crystals of mandelate of (+)-1-(9-anthryl)ethylamine ((R, S)-3) are collected in 56% yield. (R)-(+)-1 (98.6% e.e.) is isolated by extraction from bicarbonate solution of mandelate salt. Ulterior collection of four crops afforded (R, S)-3 with 71.5% cumulative yield and >98% e.e. of (+)-1 in a any single crop. With only 0.5 equivalents of (+)-2 crystallization afforded (R, S)-3 in 47.4% yield and (+)-1 with 98.1% e.e.
Structure–activity relationship studies of citalopram derivatives: examining substituents conferring selectivity for the allosteric site in the 5‐HT transporter (2015)

The compound could be a useful lead for future synthesis of drugs with high affinity and high selectivity towards the allosteric binding site.
The 2009 IBM GALE Mandarin broadcast transcription system (2010)

This paper gives an up-to-date description of the IBM Mandarin broadcast transcription system developed under the DARPA GALE program. Technical advances over our previous system include a novel acoustic modeling approach using subspace Gaussian mixture models, a speaking rate adaptation method using frame rate normalization, and an effective recipe for lattice combination. We present results on three consortium-defined test sets. It is shown that with these advances, the new system attains a 9% relative reduction in character error rate compared to our previous GALE evaluation system. The reported 9.1% error rate on the phase three evaluation set represents the state of the art in Mandarin broadcast speech transcription.
Special Issue on Computational Intelligence and Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Real-World Data Analytics and Pattern Recognition (2018)

This special issue of Algorithms is devoted to the study of Computational Intelligence and Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Real-World Data Analytics and Pattern Recognition. The special issue considered both theoretical contributions able to advance the state-of-the-art in this field and practical applications that describe novel approaches for solving real-world problems.
Characterization of the local charge environment of a single quantum dot via resonance fluorescence (2016)

Resonant photoluminescence excitation spectra and autocorrelation measurements indicate that a quantum dot experiences discrete spectral shifts and continuous drifts due to fluctuations in the local charge environment. Specifically, the fluctuations of few nearby charge traps.
Spiropyran Photoisomerization Dynamics in Multiresponsive Hydrogels (2021)

Light-responsive, spiropyran-functionalized hydrogels have been used to create reversibly photoactuated structures for applications ranging from microfluidics to nonlinear optics. Tailoring a spiropyran-functionalized hydrogel system for a particular application requires an understanding of how co-monomer composition affects the switching dynamics of the spiropyran chromophore. Such gels are frequently designed to be responsive to different stimuli such as light, temperature, and pH. The coupling of these influences can significantly alter spiropyran behavior in ways not currently well understood. To better understand the influence of responsive co-monomers on the spiropyran isomerization dynamics, we use UV-vis spectroscopy and time-dependent fluorescence intensity measurements to study spiropyran-modified hydrogels polymerized from four common hydrogel precursors of different pH and temperature responsivity: acrylamide, acrylic acid, <i>N-</i>isopropylacrylamide, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. In acidic and neutral gels, we observe unusual nonmonotonic, triexponential fluorescence dynamics under 405 nm irradiation that cannot be explicated by either the established spiropyran-merocyanine interconversion model or hydrolysis. To explain these results, we introduce an analytical model of spiropyran interconversions that includes H-aggregated merocyanine and its light-triggered disaggregation under 405 nm irradiation. This model provides an excellent fit to the observed fluorescence dynamics and elucidates exactly how creating an acidic internal gel environment promotes the fast and complete conversion of the hydrophilic merocyanine speciesto the hydrophobic spiropyran form, which is desired in most light-sensitive hydrogel actuators. This can be achieved by incorporating acrylic acid monomers and by minimizing the aggregate concentration. Beyond spiropyran-functionalized gel actuators, these conclusions are particularly critical for nonlinear optical computing applications.
Increased Conidiation Associated with Progression along the Sterigmatocystin Biosynthetic Pathway (2004)

AbstractThe Aspergillus nidulans sterigmatocystin (ST) gene cluster contains both regulatory (aflR) and biosynthetic genes (stc genes) required for ST production. A total of 26 genes are in the cluster, 13 of which have been assigned a known function in the biosynthetic pathway. This complex secondary pathway represents a physiological cost to the fungus. We tested the amount of asexual spore production using a series of isogenic lines of A. nidulans, differing only in a mutation in aflR (resulting in a strain containing no ST intermediates) or a mutation in three stc genes that produced either no ST intermediates (ΔstcJ), an early ST intermediate, norsoloroinic acid (ΔstcE) or a late ST intermediate, versicolorin A (ΔstcU). In two independently replicated experiments we compared the numbers of conidia produced by each of these mutant strains and a wild type ST producer in a neutral (growth media) and a host (corn seed) environment. A stepwise increase in asexual spore production was observed with each progressive step in the ST pathway. Thus, the data suggest that recruitment or loss of these secondary metabolite pathway genes has a selective advantage apart from the physiological activity of the metabolite.Keywordsconidiafilamentous fungussterigmatocystin We thank Joan Bennett, Andrea Gargas, Charles Kenerley and Dan Ebbole for critical reading of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Texas Corn Producer's board to HHW and the National Peanut Council to NPK.
Automatic Recognition of Word Using Visual Speech Information Based on Human's Recognition Trend (1991)

本論文では, 聴覚・視覚情報を用いる言葉の認識システム構築のための第一歩として, 人間の読唇傾向に基づいた口唇画像情報による単語の認識について試みた.読唇は, 画像情報を利用する上での有用な手本である.このため, 普段, 読唇を行なっている聴覚障害者を対象として単語の認識実験を行なう.この実験結果を参考に口唇の動きに対する特徴のみによってどの程度言葉の認識が可能であるかを, 読唇システムを構築することによって示す.
Gaussian-3 (G3) theory for molecules containing first and second-row atoms (1998)

Gaussian-3 theory (G3 theory) for the calculation of molecular energies of compounds containing first (Li–F) and second row (Na–Cl) atoms is presented. This new theoretical procedure, which is based on ab initio molecular-orbital theory, modifies G2 theory [J. Chem. Phys. 94, 7221 (1991)] in several ways including a new sequence of single point energy calculations using different basis sets, a new formulation of the higher level correction, a spin–orbit correction for atoms, and a correction for core correlation. G3 theory is assessed using 299 energies from the G2/97 test set including enthalpies of formation, ionization potentials, electron affinities, and proton affinities. This new procedure corrects many of the deficiencies of G2 theory. There is a large improvement for nonhydrogen systems such as SiF4 and CF4, substituted hydrocarbons, and unsaturated cyclic species. Core-related correlation is found to be a significant factor, especially for species with unsaturated rings. The average absolute deviation from experiment for the 148 calculated enthalpies of formation is reduced to under one kcal/mol, from 1.56 kcal/mol for G2 theory to 0.94 kcal/mol for G3 theory. Significant improvement is also found for ionization potentials and electron affinities. The overall average absolute deviation of G3 theory from experiment for the 299 energies is 1.02 kcal/mol compared to 1.48 kcal/mol for G2 theory.
Supplementary Figures from A Bispecific Antibody Antagonizes Prosurvival CD40 Signaling and Promotes Vγ9Vδ2 T cell–Mediated Antitumor Responses in Human B-cell Malignancies (2023)

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Optimal wireless scheduling with interference cancellation (2013)

Interference cancelation (IC) can provide significant gains in wireless networks with strong interference, that arise, for example, in emerging femto- and picocellular deployments. This paper consider the problem of optimal downlink rate selection in networks where each mobile can perform IC on up to one interferer. When mobiles are capable of IC, it is argued that rate selection can play an analogous roles as power control by permitting a tradeoff between rates on the desired link with “cancellability” on interfering links. A utility maximizing scheduler based on loopy belief propagation is presented that enables computationally-efficient local processing and low communication overhead. It is shown that the fixed points of the method are provably globally optimal for arbitrary (potentially non-convex) rate and utility functions. In addition, the result applies to an arbitrary networks where the interference is determined by a single dominant interferer, for which the IC problem is a special case. Simulations are presented in industry standard femtocellular network models.
Efficient second-harmonic generation of ultrafast pulses in periodically poled KNbO3 (2004)

Efficient second-harmonic generation of 95 fs pulses were achieved by simultaneous group-velocity matching and quasi-phase matching in a 10 mm long periodically poled potassium niobate crystal. The quasi-phase-matched bandwidth was 38 nm and second-harmonic pulse duration was 158 fs with a fundamental input pulse of 95 fs without spectral and temporal distortion in the S-band of telecommunication. Utilizing the larger off-diagonal nonlinear coefficient, d31 of potassium niobate, the conversion efficiency was significantly improved from that of periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3388 (2003)]
Triarylphosphine-Stabilized Platinum Nanoparticles in Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Films as Active Electrocatalysts (2006)

Ligand-stabilized platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) can be used to build well-defined three-dimensional (3-D) nanostructured electrodes for better control of the catalyst architecture in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Platinum NPs of 1.7 +/- 0.5 nm diameter stabilized by the water-soluble phosphine ligand, tris(4-phosphonatophenyl)phosphine (TPPTP, P(4-C6H4PO3H2)3), were prepared by ethylene glycol reduction of chloroplatinic acid and subsequent treatment of the isolated nanoparticles with TPPTP. The isolated TPPTP-stabilized Pt NPs were characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P and 195Pt NMR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The negatively charged TPPTP-Pt NPs were electrostatically deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with protonated 4-aminophenyl functional groups (APh). Multilayers were assembled via electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition with cationic poly(allylamine HCl) (PAH). These multilayer films are active for the key hydrogen fuel cell reactions, hydrogen oxidation (anode) and oxygen reduction (cathode). Using a rotating disk electrode configuration, fully mass-transport limited kinetics for hydrogen oxidation was obtained after 3 layers of TPPTP-Pt NPs with a total Pt loading of 4.2 microg/cm2. Complete reduction of oxygen by four electrons was achieved with 4 layers of TPPTP-Pt NPs and a total Pt loading of 5.6 microg/cm2. A maximum current density for oxygen reduction was reached with these films after 5 layers resulting in a mass-specific activity, i(m), of 0.11 A/mg(Pt) at 0.9 V. These films feature a high electrocatalytic activity and can be used to create systematic changes in the catalyst chemistry and architecture to provide insight for building better electrocatalysts.
Impedance matching in active integrated antenna receiver front end design (2000)

The active integrated antenna (AIA) concept has been realized in the design of integrated amplifier front end, which enables its applications in novel adaptive antenna systems. To address the problem of mismatch between antenna element and amplifier, we present the matching renditions of both gain impedance and noise figure minimum impedance. In addition, the application of these principles is demonstrated in the design of ultra-compact helical AIA receiver front end for operation at 2.1 GHz. Amplifier simulation and measurements have been carried out to confirm the design procedure. It is shown that the proposed configuration can be successfully used in novel wireless handsets.