gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tempering stochastic density functional theory (2021)

We introduce a tempering approach with stochastic density functional theory (sDFT), labeled t-sDFT, which reduces the statistical errors in the estimates of observable expectation values. This is achieved by rewriting the electronic density as a sum of a "warm" component complemented by "colder" correction(s). Since the warm component is larger in magnitude but faster to evaluate, we use many more stochastic orbitals for its evaluation than for the smaller-sized colder correction(s). This results in a significant reduction in the statistical fluctuations and systematic deviation compared to sDFT for the same computational effort. We demonstrate the method's performance on large hydrogen-passivated silicon nanocrystals, finding a reduction in the systematic deviation in the energy by more than an order of magnitude, while the systematic deviation in the forces is also quenched. Similarly, the statistical fluctuations are reduced by factors of ≈4-5 for the total energy and ≈1.5-2 for the forces on the atoms. Since the embedding in t-sDFT is fully stochastic, it is possible to combine t-sDFT with other variants of sDFT such as energy-window sDFT and embedded-fragmented sDFT.
FINESSE: a Fast Iterative Non-linear Exact Sub-space SEarch based algorithm for CT imaging (2014)

Statistical iterative image reconstruction has become the subject of strong, active research in X-ray computed tomography (CT), primarily because it may allow a significant reduction in dose imparted to the patient. However, developing an algorithm that converges fast while allowing parallelization so as to obtain a product that can be used routinely in the clinic is challenging. In this work, we present a novel algorithm that combines the strength of two popular methods. A preliminary investigation of this algorithm was performed, and strongly encouraging initial results are reported.
Application of Higher-Order Compact Finite Difference Schemes to Out of Plane Vorticity Measurements (2003)

The accuracy of out-of-plane vorticity from in-plane experimental velocity measurements is investigated with particular application to Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV). Higher-order compact finite difference schemes are proposed as alternatives for the vorticity estimation. Simulations of known flow fields are used to quantify errors associated with the different methods of estimation. The effects of spatial sampling resolution with respect to the range of flow scales on the bias errors of the method accuracies are explored. In addition, estimation of the velocity measurement random error propagation into the vorticity measurement is presented. The higher-order compact schemes deliver improved accuracy compared with previously used methods, even when that domain is spatially undersampled or in the presence of strong velocity gradients. The compact schemes demonstrated less than 0.3% bias error throughout the core of the vortex, resolving flow structures as small as the Nyquist sampling frequency of the system, while the error in the conventional methods increased as the spatial sampling and the range of wave numbers present in the flow field was reduced. The bias error is an irrecoverable loss due to the truncation error of the method, and thus poses significant limitations to the system, whereas the random error propagation can be reduced for the higher-order schemes by applying a simple Gaussian smoothing to the flow field. Thus, the reduction in bias error is of greater importance to the accuracy of the system, particularly as modern global flow measurement technologies achieve higher spatial and temporal resolutions, as well as higher accuracies in velocity measurements. Overall, the compact schemes provide an improved approach for vorticity evaluation compared to conventional algorithms.
Perceptual summation of image blur in the peripheral visual field (1992)

Summation thresholds were measured at 16° and 32° eccentricity in order to determine the spatial properties associated with the perception of blur in low-pass filtered images. Both real-world and sinusoidal images were processed by using one of a series of Gaussian integrating kernels whose variances differed. The images were either circular or annular and were centered at either 16° or 32°. Stimulus area was varied, although the annular stimuli were always 8° wide. The images were presented in pairs with one member of each pair being an unprocessed mirror image of the image under test. The data for both types of stimuli were qualitatively similar to each other and to those previously reported for foveally presented stimuli, in that blur threshold varied monotonically with spatial cut-off frequency. The data obtained for the annular stimuli were unlike those typically obtained with circular stimuli, however, in that they often showed a nonmonotonic relationship between threshold and stimulus area. A series of control studies eliminated edge effects and meridional anisotropies in form perception as explanations for the nonmonotonicities. It is concluded that the differences in the spatial summation of circular and annular stimuli reflect differences in the functional (and by implication, the cortical) representation of these two classes of stimuli.
Mixing (2017)

No AccessUnderstanding Polymer ProcessingOct 2017MixingTim A. OsswaldTim A. Osswaldhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906484.005SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 97-118Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-647-7eISBN: 978-1-56990-648-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Investigation of post-annealing effects for normally-off GaN metal-oxide semiconductor heterojunction field-effect transistors with thin AlN barrier layer (2019)

Abstract The effects of post-annealing processes for normally-off GaN metal-oxide semiconductor heterojunction field-effect transistors (MOS-HFETs) with a thin AlN barrier layer are investigated. These annealing processes are post-deposition annealing (PDA) after oxide deposition, post-metallization annealing (PMA) after gate metallization, and positive-bias annealing (PBA) after wafer processes. PMA and PBA are effective in enhancing the drain current density and threshold voltage shift. The most effective method is PBA and the obtained threshold voltage and drain current density are +3.0 V and 0.7 A mm −1 , respectively. This is attributed to improvements in interfacial trap states which is confirmed by an investigation of the frequency dependence of capacitance–voltage characteristics.
Blind Error-Free Detection of Transform-Domainwatermarks (2007)

In this paper we propose a new blind, error-free detection algorithm for watermarking in transform domains. The detection scheme uses linear decoding techniques from the theory of compressive sensing (CS), whose central idea is that a small number of non-adaptive linear projections of a sparse signal are sufficient for error-free reconstruction of the original signal. We use the fact that natural images are approximately sparse in the DCT or wavelet basis; with an extra step of sparsification or scaling of the coefficients we can decode both the original image and watermark with zero error, despite not knowing the host image. Besides being error-free, our proposed detection algorithm has low complexity compared to other blind algorithms. It can be extended to any transform-domain watermarking method, and also be used to watermark already compressed images.
Power-Sleuth: A Tool for Investigating Your Program's Power Behavior (2012)

Modern processors support aggressive power saving techniques to reduce energy consumption. However, traditional profiling techniques have mainly focused on performance, which does not accurately reflect the power behavior of applications. For example, the longest running function is not always the most energy-hungry function. Thus software developers cannot always take full advantage of these power-saving features. We present Power-Sleuth, a power/performance estimation tool which is able to provide a full description of an application's behavior for any frequency from a single profiling run. The tool combines three techniques: a power and a performance estimation model with a program phase detection technique to deliver accurate, per-phase, per-frequency analysis. Our evaluation (against real power measurements) shows that we can accurately predict power and performance across different frequencies with average errors of 3.5% and 3.9% respectively.
Method for On-line Estimation of Electrical Motor Parameter Variation and Current Sensor Offset for SPM Motor (2011)

The servo system of a permanent magnet (PM) motor should always maintain fine torque and fine speed responses. Accurate motor parameter identification is necessary for the PM motor servo system because the current control system is designed by considering the electric parameters of the PM motor. However, the motor parameters vary with the age of the motor and temperature. Moreover, current sensors have offset values. When the current sensor has offset values, the PM motor servo system produces torque ripple. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new real-time estimation method for both current sensor offsets and electrical parameters (resistance Ra, inductance La, and magnetic flux φfa) of the surface permanent magnet (SPM) motor. The proposed method involves the use of a real-time algorithm and a current simulator, which is operated using a DSP software system. In order to accurately estimate the motor parametera, the proposed method is using estimate currents, DC terms of sensor currents, and nominal motor parameter value. The experimental results of this study confirm that the proposed method satisfactorily estimates the current sensor offset of the U phase and V phase, as well as the electrical motor parametersRa, La, and φfa accurately.
Exosome in disease biology, diagnosis, and therapy (2014)

For many decades, tools for cell-cell communication were of great concern in various research fields, not only in basic research, but also in medical research. Although a large number of humoral factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, hormones, and so on, have been identified and characterized, few molecular mechanisms of cell-cell communication have been clarified. Recently, small membrane vesicles, called exosomes (also known as extracellular vesicles), have been at the center of attention again. Current vigorous worldwide research found that exosomes play multiple important roles in physiological and pathological phenomena. In this review, we will summarize our current reports showing the essential roles of exosomes in cancer development, the novel utility of exosomes to know the status of the patient, and the potential novel treatment choice for neurological disease.
Geometry alone influences stem cell differentiation in a precision 3D printed stem cell niche: (2018)

Stem cells within epithelial tissues reside in anatomical structures known as crypts that are known to contribute to the mechanical and chemical milieu important for function. To date, epithelial stem cell therapies have largely ignored the niche and focussed solely on the cell population to be transplanted. Our aim was to recreate the precise geometry of the epithelial stem cell niche using two photon polymerisation and to determine the influence of this structure alone on stem cell phenotype. We were able to recreate crypt structures and following cell seeding, a zonation in cell phenotype along the z-axis emerged. This illustrates that geometry alone, without the use of exogenous signalling molecules, influences cell response. Understanding the role of geometry in the regulation of the stem cell niche will enable significant advances in our ability to influence stem cell behaviour to expedite cellular therapies to the clinic.
Cytosolic free calcium dependent regulation of osteoclast bone resorbing activity. (1990)

Osteoclasts are sensitive to KCl-induced depolarization and to increased extracellular calcium concentration, and respond to these treatments with cytosolic calcium increase. In this study we evaluated the possibility that these experimental conditions could affect osteoclast bone resorption. We found that, incubating osteoclasts with 3H-proline previously labeled bone particles the resorbing activity was inhibited by both depolarization and extracellular calcium concentration increase. The released radioactivity was, in fact, 48% and 52% respectively compared to the untreated cultures. These data demonstrated that cytosolic calcium increase is one of the messengers of the pathway that inhibits, in this condition, bone resorption. Furthermore, as in parathyroid cells, extracellular calcium acts with a negative direct feedback mechanism that controls osteoclast activity.
Vibrational Dynamics and Oxygen Diffusion in a Nanoporous Oxide Ion Conductor 12CaO·7Al2O3 Studied by 18O Labeling and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (2007)

Nanoporous oxide 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) is a fast oxide-ion conductor that may encage various types of anionic oxygen species such as O2-, O2-, O22-, and O- in its crystallographic cages. The C12A7 single crystals thermally annealed in 18O2 were examined by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The symmetric properties and the origin of Raman bands were analyzed by the isotope shift and the depolarization on the bases of the crystal symmetry of C12A7, and the Raman band due to the stretching mode of extraframework O22- was identified. Spatially resolved measurements of the isotope shift of the Raman bands in a partially 18O-substituted sample indicated that the local fraction of 18O is equal between the framework and extraframework sites, demonstrating that the substitution of O2- ions in the C12A7 framework is as fast as the formation of extraframework oxygen species by thermal oxygen loading. It strongly suggests that the extraframework oxygen species diffuse by replacing oxygens in the framework sites, rather than simply permeating through intercage openings.
Early alteration of cell-cycle-regulated gene expression in colorectal neoplasia. (1996)

Aberrant crypt foci with dysplasia are thought to be the first detectable lesions of colorectal neoplasia. Because cell cycle disruption appears crucial for tumorigenesis, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression patterns of the prototype cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 WAF1/CIP1 and the proliferation marker Ki67 in the early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. In colorectal epithelium, p21 WAF1/CIP1 expression was undetectable in the lower third of the crypts, where Ki67 was expressed, but then sharply increased as cells passed out of the proliferating zone and migrated toward the humen. Hyperplastic polyps retained this normal compartmentalized pattern. In contrast, markedly decreased p21 WAF1/CIP1 immunostaining was observed in dysplastic aberrant crypt foci as well as in small adenomas. Moreover, the compartmentalization of Ki67 and p21 WAF1/CIP1 was lost, as Ki67 expression extended into the small p21-expressing zone at the top of the crypts. These data suggest that the dysregulated expression of cell-cycle-controlling genes and the consequent release from normal cell cycle controls may represent an essential early step in colorectal neoplasia.
Review of Recent Advances in Electrically Conductive Adhesive Materials and Technologies in Electronic Packaging (2008)

Electrically Conductive Adhesives (ICAs: Isotropic Conductive Adhesives; ACAs: An-isotropic Conductive Adhesives; and NCAs: Non-conductive Adhesives) offer promising material solutions for fine pitch interconnects, low cost, low-temperature process and environmentally clean approaches in the electronic packaging technology. ICAs have been developed and used widely for traditional solder replacement, especially in surface mount devices and flip chip application. These also need to be lower cost with higher electrical/mechanical and reliability performances. ACAs have been widely used in flat panel display modules for high resolution, lightweight, thin profile and low power consumption in film forms (Anisotropic Conductive Films: ACFs) for last decades. Multi-layered ACF structures such as double and triple-layered ACFs were developed to meet fine pitch interconnection, low-temperature curing and strong adhesion requirements. Also, ACAs have been attracting much attention for their simple and lead-free processing as well as cost-effective packaging method for semiconductor packaging applications. High mechanical reliability, good electrical performance at high frequency level and effective thermal conductivity for high current density are some of required properties for ACF materials to be pursued for a wide usage in flip chip technology. Recently, NCAs are becoming promising for ultra-fine pitch interconnection and low cost joining materials in electronic packaging applications. In this paper, an overview of the recent developments and applications of electrically conductive adhesives for electronic packaging with focus on fine pitch capability, electrical/mechanical/thermal performance and wafer level packaging application is presented.
FLT-PET-CT for the Detection of Disease Recurrence After Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy or Hyperfractionation for Thoracic Malignancy: A Prospective Pilot Study (2019)

Differentiating local recurrence from post-treatment changes on PET scans following stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) or hyperfractionation for lung tumors is challenging. We performed a prospective pilot study of 3-deoxy-3-[<sup>18</sup>F]-fluorothymidine (FLT)-PET-CT in patients with equivocal post-radiation FDG-PET-CT to assess disease recurrence. <b>Methods:</b> We prospectively enrolled 10 patients, 9 treated with SABR and 1 with hyperfractionated external beam radiotherapy for thoracic malignancy with subsequent equivocal follow-up FDG-PET-CT, to undergo FLT-PET-CT prior to biopsy or serial imaging. FLT-PET scans were interpreted by a radiologist with experience in reading FLT-PET-CT and blinded to the results of any subsequent biopsy or imaging. <b>Results:</b> Of the 10 patients enrolled, 8 were evaluable after FLT-PET-CT. Based on the FLT-PET-CT, a blinded radiologist accurately predicted disease recurrence vs. inflammatory changes in 7 patients (87.5%). The combination of higher lesion SUV<sub>max</sub> and higher ratio of lesion SUV<sub>max</sub> to SUV<sub>max</sub> of mediastinal blood pool was indicative of recurrence. Qualitative assessment of increased degree of focality of the lesion also appears to be indicative of disease recurrence. <b>Conclusion:</b> Adjunctive FLT-PET-CT imaging can complement FDG-PET-CT scan in distinguishing post-treatment radiation changes from disease recurrence in thoracic malignancies. These findings support the investigation of FLT-PET-CT in a larger prospective study.
Data from Immunologic Recognition of a Shared p53 Mutated Neoantigen in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with T cells targeting neoantigens can mediate durable responses in patients with metastatic cancer. Cell therapies targeting common shared antigens for epithelial cancers are not yet broadly available. Here, we report the identification and characterization in one patient of T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing mutated p53 p.R175H, which is shared among a subset of patients with cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were screened for recognition of mutated neoantigens in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer. HLA-A*0201–restricted recognition of mutated p53 p.R175H was identified, and the minimal peptide epitope was HMTEVVR&lt;u&gt;H&lt;/u&gt;C. Reactive T cells were isolated by tetramer sorting, and three TCRs were identified. These TCRs mediated recognition of commercially available ovarian cancer, uterine carcinoma, and myeloma cell lines, as well as an NIH patient–derived esophageal adenocarcinoma line that endogenously expressed p53 p.R175H and HLA-A*0201. They also mediated recognition of p53 p.R175H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; colon, breast, and leukemia cell lines after transduction with a retrovirus encoding HLA-A*0201. This work demonstrates that common shared mutated epitopes such as those found in p53 can elicit immunogenic responses and that the application of ACT may be extended to patients with any cancer histology that expresses both HLA-A*0201 and the p53 p.R175H mutation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Challenges of CMP manufacturability in advanced nodes (2014)

Chemical Mechanical Polishing is wildly adopted in semiconductor manufacturing processes to achieve planarity requirements for 2D or 3D integrated circuit structures. The stringent requirements of precise process control and defect reduction in various CMP processes not only affect device performance and yield, but also post challenges in high volume manufacturing. Additionally, the complexity of materials polished drives the innovation on CMP consumable. The quality control of new consumables grows more important than ever to affect process window and production line robustness. Examples to illustrate these challenges in HVM environment in advanced nodes are addressed and possible solution paths are discussed. Close collaboration between users and vendors in the whole supply chain is required to tackle these challenges to enhance the CMP manufacturability in the new era.
Switched-Capacitor Realization of Presynaptic Short-Term-Plasticity and\n Stop-Learning Synapses in 28 nm CMOS (2014)

Synaptic dynamics, such as long- and short-term plasticity, play an important\nrole in the complexity and biological realism achievable when running neural\nnetworks on a neuromorphic IC. For example, they endow the IC with an ability\nto adapt and learn from its environment. In order to achieve the mil- lisecond\nto second time constants required for these synaptic dynamics, analog\nsubthreshold circuits are usually employed. However, due to process variation\nand leakage problems, it is almost impossible to port these types of circuits\nto modern sub-100nm technologies. In contrast, we present a neuromor- phic\nsystem in a 28 nm CMOS process that employs switched capacitor (SC) circuits to\nimplement 128 short term plasticity presynapses as well as 8192 stop-learning\nsynapses. The neuromorphic system consumes an area of 0.36 mm2 and runs at a\npower consumption of 1.9 mW. The circuit makes use of a technique for\nminimizing leakage effects allowing for real-time operation with time constants\nup to sev- eral seconds. Since we rely on SC techniques for all calculations,\nthe system is composed of only generic mixed-signal building blocks. These\ngeneric building blocks make the system easy to port between technologies and\nthe large digital circuit part inherent in an SC system benefits fully from\ntechnology scaling.\n
One electrolyte based glucose/oxygen electric power biodevice with an operating voltage exceeding 1.24 volt (2017)

Trabajo presentado en el XXIV International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics (BES 2017), celebrado en Lyon del 3 al 7 de julio de 2017.
Methodologies for calibration testing of non-destructive monitoring techniques (2018)

This paper presents statistical methodologies for calibration testing of non-destructive monitoring techniques. An example of a falling weight deflectometer (FWD), a device for non-destructive pavement testing is used here. These devices measure deflections of pavements subjected to impulse forces produced by falling weights. For the purpose of data collection, four FWDs were precisely calibration under laboratory conditions. Formal analysis based on statistical models showed marked differences among FWD readings and confirmed that the differences were statistically significant. The main tools used are an exploratory data analysis using graphical methods, and nested models with a continuous covariate and mixed effects.