gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid-Lowering Treatment Is Related to Decreased Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study (FINRISK) (2010)

Preliminary results from the FINRISK study indicate that lipid-lowering drugs may have a beneficial effect in dementia prevention. Further data linkage is ongoing in order to investigate the roles of different types of lipid-lowering drugs.
The Effect of a DNA Repair Gene on Cellular Invasiveness: Xrcc3 Over-Expression in Breast Cancer Cells (2011)

Over-expression of DNA repair genes has been associated with resistance to radiation and DNA-damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin. More recently, based on the analysis of genome expression profiling, it was proposed that over-expression of DNA repair genes enhances the invasive behaviour of tumour cells. In this study we present experimental evidence utilizing functional assays to test this hypothesis. We assessed the effect of the DNA repair proteins known as X-ray complementing protein 3 (XRCC3) and RAD51, to the invasive behavior of the MCF-7 luminal epithelial-like and BT20 basal-like triple negative human breast cancer cell lines. We report that stable or transient overexpression of XRCC3 but not RAD51 increased invasiveness in both cell lines in vitro. Moreover, XRCC3 over-expressing MCF-7 cells also showed a higher tumorigenesis in vivo and this phenotype was associated with increased activity of the metalloproteinase MMP-9 and the expression of known modulators of cell-cell adhesion and metastasis such as CD44, ID-1, DDR1 and TFF1. Our results suggest that in addition to its' role in facilitating repair of DNA damage, XRCC3 affects invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines and the expression of genes associated with cell adhesion and invasion.
Focused scintillator array for high resolution gamma ray imaging (2010)

The spatial resolution in small animal pinhole SPECT cameras is limited by parallax errors in the scintillator, particularly towards the edge of the field of view. We have developed a method to overcome the parallax errors in pinhole gamma cameras using a focused cut scintillator. A KrF (λ = 248 nm) excimer laser was used to cut very fine grooves in CsI (Tl) scintillator crystals of thickness between 1 mm to 3 mm. The cuts were made in a manner to form structured columns, oriented focused towards the pinhole collimator, and thereby towards the incoming gamma rays. The thickness of the groves averaged 30 μm which is much thinner than that which can be achieved by a wire saw. Individual pixel columns of thickness between 250 μm and 500 μm were cut. Scanning electron micrographs of the samples the CsI:Tl walls after laser ablation are smooth, and free of debris resulting from ablated particles. This reduces the risk of post-processing damage that might occur during debris removal, and encourages complete coverage by reflective coatings in the grooves. The laser optics and the operating parameters were optimized to achieve such deep and thin cuts and are discussed in this paper. Fixturing apparatus was developed in order to cut the pixels in the desired shape. We also present the performance characteristics of the laser ablated scintillators and data from their use in a multipinhole SPECT system.
Resolution of time-resolved breast transillumination: in vitro measurements compared with theoretical predictions (1995)

The resolution of time-gated breast transillumination images has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The resolution limit is quantified as the size of the smallest object visible on an image (the image quality index), which depends on such image parameters as the transfer function, the contrast, and the noise. The smallest diameter of a detectable carcinoma located in the breast has been determined on the basis of Monte Carlo simulation results as well as <i>in vitro</i> time-of-flight measurements on breast samples. The comparison of the Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation within biological tissues with the experimental data has been able to confirm the validity of the simulation. The simulation results, compared with measurements, suggest that the formation of time-resolved transillumination images of biological tissues can be adequately modeled in the near infrared. The enhancement of the transfer function by the introduction of time-gated detection is verified, and the limiting contribution of the noise at short integration times has been investigated. The estimated diameter of the smallest detectable sphere embedded on the front surface of a 20-mm-thick breast slab is around 3 mm. Extrapolated for a full-size breast, the estimate is still better by a factor of 2 than the resolution of classical diaphanography, which is commonly taken to be worse than 20 mm.
Safety of Delayed-Release Oral mesalamine 4.8 G/Day (800 mg Tablet) Compared to 2.4 G/Day (400 mg Tablet) for Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis (2008)

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of an investigational 800 mg delayed-release oral tablet formulation of mesalamine dosed at 4.8 g/day, compared to that of a currently-marketed 400 mg delayed-release oral mesalamine tablet dosed at 2.4 g/day for the treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. Methods: Data from 1459 patients from three randomized, double-blind, 6-week studies (ASCEND I, II & III) were combined to compare the safety of a new 800 mg tablet formulation of delayed-release mesalamine, dosed at 4.8 g/day, to that of the marketed Asacol® 400 mg tablet, dosed at 2.4 g/day, in patients with mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. Safety assessments evaluated across all three studies included adverse events (AEs) and baseline and exit serum creatinine. Results: There were no clinically meaningful differences in AE rates between the two treatment groups. The most frequent AEs reported were headache, nausea, nasopharyngitis, abdominal pain, exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. The AE experience was similar across subgroups examined, including age, sex, race, and baseline disease state (mildly active versus moderately active ulcerative colitis). The majority of AEs were assessed by investigators as mild or moderate in severity and doubtfully related to study drug. Serious AEs were reported in 6 patients in the 4.8 g/day group and 13 in the 2.4 g/day group and primarily involved gastrointestinal disorders. The greater number of serious AEs in the 2.4 g/day dosing group (22) versus the 4.8 dosing group (8) was driven largely by a greater number of patients experiencing serious exacerbation of ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis symptoms. The distribution of types of AEs resulting in study withdrawal (primarily gastrointestinal symptoms associated with ulcerative colitis) was similar between treatment groups. Percent change of serum creatinine from baseline to exit was similar for both dosing groups with no evidence of a dose related increase. Conclusion: Overall, the AEs with delayed-release oral mesalamine 4.8 g/day (investigational 800 mg tablet) in these clinical studies were comparable to 2.4 g/day (Asacol 400 mg tablet) and consistent with the post-marketing experience of the currently-marketed 400 mg tablet.Table
Integration of High‐k Oxide on MoS2 by Using Ozone Pretreatment for High‐Performance MoS2 Top‐Gated Transistor with Thickness‐Dependent Carrier Scattering Investigation (2015)

A top-gated MoS2 transistor with 6 nm thick HfO2 is fabricated using an ozone pretreatment. The influence to the top-gated mobility brought about by the deposition of HfO2 is studied statistically, for the first time. The top-gated mobility is suppressed by the deposition of HfO2 , and multilayered samples are less susceptible than monolayer ones.
Hyperpolarized Water to Study Protein–Ligand Interactions (2015)

The affinity between a chosen target protein and small molecules is a key aspect of drug discovery. Screening by popular NMR methods such as Water-LOGSY suffers from low sensitivity and from false positives caused by aggregated or denatured proteins. This work demonstrates that the sensitivity of Water-LOGSY can be greatly boosted by injecting hyperpolarized water into solutions of proteins and ligands. Ligand binding can be detected in a few seconds, whereas about 30 min is usually required without hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarized water also enhances proton signals of proteins at concentrations below 20 μM so that one can verify in a few seconds whether the proteins remain intact or have been denatured.
THE DURABILITY OF LARGE-SCALE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING COMPOSITE MOLDS (2016)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory s Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) technology permits the rapid production of thermoplastic composite molds using a carbon fiber filled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) thermoplastic. Demonstration tools (i.e. 0.965 m X 0.559 m X 0.152 m) for composite part fabrication have been printed, coated, and finished with a traditional tooling gel. We present validation results demonstrating the stability of thermoplastic printed molds for room temperature Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) processes. Arkema s Elium thermoplastic resin was investigated with a variety of reinforcement materials. Experimental results include dimensional characterization of the tool surface using laser scanning technique following demolding of 10 parts. Thermoplastic composite molds offer rapid production compared to traditionally built thermoset molds in that near-net deposition allows direct digital production of the net geometry at production rate of 45 kg/hr.
A Modeling Framework for Jamming Structures (2021)

Abstract Jamming is a structural phenomenon that provides tunable mechanical behavior. A jamming structure typically consists of a collection of elements with low effective stiffness and damping. When a pressure gradient, such as vacuum, is applied, kinematic and frictional coupling increase, resulting in dramatically altered mechanical properties. Engineers have used jamming to build devices from tunable‐stiffness grippers to tunable‐damping landing gear. This study presents a rigorous framework that systematically guides the design of jamming structures for target applications. The force‐deflection behavior of major types of jamming structures (i.e., grain, fiber, and layer) in fundamental loading conditions (e.g., tension, shear, and bending) is compared. High‐performing pairs (e.g., grains in compression, layers in shear, and bending) are identified. Parameters that go into designing, fabricating, and actuating a jamming structure (e.g., scale, material, geometry, and actuator) are described, along with their effects on functional metrics. Two key methods to expand on the design space of jamming structures are introduced: using structural design to achieve effective tunable‐impedance behavior in specific loading directions, and creating hybrid jamming structures to utilize the advantages of different types of jamming. Collectively, this study elaborates and extends the jamming design space, providing a conceptual modeling framework for jamming‐based structures.
<title>Object-based motion description: from low-level features to semantics</title> (2001)

We present a generic model to describe image and video content by a combination of semantic entities and low level features for semantically meaningful and fast retrieval. The proposed model includes semantic entities such as Object, Event and Actors to express relations between the first two. The use of Actors entity increases the efficiency of certain types of search, while the use of semantic and linguistic roles increases the expression capability of the model. The model also contains links to high-level media segments such as actions and interactions, and low level media segments such as elementary motion and reaction units, as well as low-level features such as motion parameters and trajectories. Based on this model, we propose image and video retrieval combining semantic and low-level information. The retrieval performance of our system is tested by using query-by-annotation, query-by-example, query-by-sketch, and a combination of them.
Phase II randomized trial of irinotecan/temozolomide (I/T) with temsirolimus (TEM) or dinutuximab plus granulocyte colony stimulating factor (DIN/GMCSF) in children with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG). (2016)

10502 Background: Outcomes for children with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma are dismal. The combination of I/T has activity in patients with relapsed disease, and the toxicity profile of I/T makes it an excellent backbone for study of new agents. Temsirolimus (TEM) and dinutuximab (DIN) were selected for testing in combination with I/T in subjects with relapsed, progressive or refractory neuroblastoma. Methods: COG ANBL1221, a randomized Phase II selection design trial, compared response and toxicity in subjects treated with I/T in combination with either TEM (Arm A) or DIN/GM-CSF (Arm B). Patients were eligible at first relapse/progression or first designation of primary refractory disease. Randomization was stratified based on prior therapy and MYCNstatus. Cycles were administered every 21 days. Partial and complete responses (PR, CR) were confirmed centrally. Results: Thirty-five eligible patients were enrolled. Median age was 5.7 years (range 2.1-16.2), 24 pts had measurable disease (12 per arm). The 18 subjects randomized to Arm A received 89 total courses (median 3); 1 PR was observed (5%). The 17 patients randomized to Arm B received 136 total courses (median 6). Nine (53%) had objective responses (4 PR, 5 CR), including responses in 5 of 10 patients with relapsed/progressive disease and 4 of 7 with refractory disease. Among Arm B responders, prior therapy included high dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue in 5 and anti-GD2 therapy in 3. One patient with rapidly progressive thoracic disease experienced Grade 4 hypoxia during Arm B therapy; no other subject experienced unanticipated toxicity. Arm B met protocol-defined criteria for selection as the optimal combination for further study. Conclusion: I/T/DIN/GM-CSF shows significant anti-tumor activity in patients with relapsed/progressive or refractory neuroblastoma. Additional study of this combination will include evaluation of clinical and biological markers that may identify patients most likely to respond to this active chemo-immunotherapeutic regimen. Clinical trial information: NCT01767194.
Hovering Rotor Computation Including Aero-Elastic Effects with an Overlapped Grid Navier-Stokes Solver (2008)

Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved using overset-grid to compute rotor performance in hover including aero-elastic effects. The rigid blade problem of Caradonna and Tung is applied to the verification of an overlapped grid Navier-Stokes solver. The prediction of rotor performance including aero-elastic effects is performed for the hingeless BO-105 rotor. Mesh is generated by an automated Chimera overset method. To include the aero-elastic effects a mesh deformation code(V-GD) is developed in the current overlapped grid Navier-Stokes Solver. For the verification of an overlapped grid NavierStokes solver three turbulence models, Spalart-Allmaras, k-ω Wilcox Durbin(WD+), and kω SST are used and Roe FDS(Flux Difference Splitting) and 5 order Weighted ENO(Essentially Non-Oscillatory) schemes are applied for spatial discretization. The computed results are compared with experimental data and show a good agreement.
New CPW Quarter-Wavelength Resonator with Open Stubs for Multipole Dual-Band Bandpass Filter (2008)

This paper proposes a newly developed CPW quarter-wavelength resonator with open stubs for use in a multipole dual-band bandpass filter. The proposed resonator has odd- and even-mode resonant frequencies that are configured using the space between the center conductor and the open stubs. It is easy to configure independently the odd- and even-mode coupling coefficients because the two resonant modes have different current density distributions. We design and fabricate a four-pole Chebyshev 2.0-/3.5-GHz band bandpass filter to investigate the validity of the proposed resonator. The proposed resonator is suitable for use in a multipole dual-band bandpass filter.
A Method to Select Optimal Deep Neural Network Model for Power Amplifiers (2020)

The power amplifier (PA) behavior models based on deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely used. However, it is challenging to balance the network depth, the number of neurons, and the combination of input terms. Accordingly, how to obtain a suitable DNN model becomes a problem. This letter proposes a method to acquire the corresponding optimal DNN structure balancing multiple aspects for a PA by decoupling the relationship of the three factors mentioned above. The algorithm first chooses the optimal input combinations, and then utilizes the inputs to select the DNN structure with excellent capability to fit nonlinear functions and fewer coefficients. Experimental results verify that the DNN model acquired by the algorithm proposed can maintain superior performance with low complexity.
Half- Sandwich cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) Complexes: A New Antimalarial Chemotype (2020)

A small library of “half-sandwich” cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) compounds of general formula [(η5-C5R5)Ru(PPh3)(N-N)][PF6], a scaffold hitherto unfeatured in the toolbox of antiplasmodials, was screened for activity against the blood stage of CQ-sensitive 3D7-GFP, CQ-resistant Dd2 and artemisinin-resistant IPC5202 Plasmodium falciparum strains, and the liver stage of P. berghei. The best performing compounds displayed dual-stage activity, with single-digit nM IC50 values against blood stage malaria parasites, nM activity against liver stage parasites, and residual cytotoxicity against mammalian cells (HepG2, Huh7). Parasitic absorption/distribution of 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole-appended fluorescent compounds Ru4 and Ru5 was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy, revealing parasite-selective absorption in infected erythrocytes and nuclear accumulation of both compounds. The lead compound Ru2 impaired asexual parasite differentiation, exhibiting fast parasiticidal activity against both ring and trophozoite stages of a synchronized P. falciparum 3D7 strain. These results point to cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) complexes as a highly promising chemotype for the development of dual-stage antiplasmodials.
Hybrid adiabatic pulse with asymmetry (HAPY): An asymmetric adiabatic pulse with an application in pulsed arterial spin labeling at 7T (2023)

The HAPY class of pulses, obtained via systematic optimization tailored to the application of PASL at 7T, reduces power deposition without affecting labeling efficiency, which provides a prospect of further exploiting the benefits of ultra-high field in ASL.
GAW12: Simulated Genome Scan, Sequence, and Family Data for a Common Disease (2001)

The Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 12 simulated data involves a common disease defined by imposing a threshold on a quantitative liability distribution. Associated with the disease are five quantitative risk factors, a quantitative environmental exposure, and a dichotomous environmental variable. Age at disease onset and household membership were also simulated. Genotype data, including 2,855 microsatellites on 22 autosomes, were simulated for 1,497 individuals in 23 families. Phenotype data and sequence data for seven candidate genes were provided for 1,000 of these individuals who were "living" and available for study. Data were simulated for 50 replicate samples in each of two populations, a general population and a population isolate formed from a small group of founders.
Micromachining of Inorganic Materials using Laser Plasma Soft X-Rays (2007)

We have investigated nanomachining of inorganic materials using laser plasma soft X-rays. The soft X-ray was generated by irradiating Ta targets with pulsed Nd:YAG laser light. The laser plasma soft X-rays were focused using an ellipsoidal mirror, which is designed so as to focus soft X-rays at around 10 nm efficiently. The focused soft X-rays were incident to the surfaces of inorganic materials such as silica glass, LiF, CaF2 and LiNbO3. It is found that these materials are ablated by soft X-ray irradiation. In particular, silica glass can be ablated at rates of 0.2-150 nm/shot, which can be controlled by the intensity of soft X-rays. It is remarkable that silica can be ablated smoothly with a roughness of 1 nm after 10 shots of soft X-ray irradiation at a rate of 50 nm/shot. In order to demonstrate nanomachining of silica glass, we used contact masks on top of silica glass plates fabricated by electron beam lithography technique. The silica glass plates were irradiated with laser plasma soft X-rays through the windows of the contact masks. We found that nanofabrication of trenches with a width of 70 nm are performed clearly.
Comments on “Beam Quality Factor of Higher Order Modes in a Step-Index Fiber” (2009)

In a previously published paper [1], equations are presented that predict the beam-quality factor of beams from multimode fibers. We demonstrate that the simplification made in these equations to generate several of the figures is incorrect and that these formulas cannot be generally simplified for beams that are coherent superpositions of modes.
444 nm InGaN light emitting diodes on low-defect-density $(11\bar{2}2)$ GaN templates on patterned sapphire (2017)

Efficient InGaN-based 444 nm blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated on low-defect-density semipolar GaN templates grown on patterned r-sapphire. At 20 A/cm2, the packaged LEDs exhibited a light output power of 2.9 mW (17.8 mW at 100 A/cm2) and a record peak external quantum efficiency of 6.4% showing a negligible efficiency droop and blue shift with drive currents up to 100 A/cm2. In addition, we demonstrated light extraction simulations for the template, which showed that the structured pattern is not only beneficial for limiting the defect propagation but also increases the light extraction by 29% compared with GaN layers grown on planar substrates.
Clinical and financial outcomes analysis with existing hospital patient records (2003)

Existing patient records are a valuable resource for automated outcomes analysis and knowledge discovery. However, key clinical data in these records is typically recorded in unstructured form as free text and images, and most structured clinical information is poorly organized. Time-consuming interpretation and analysis is required to convert these records into structured clinical data. Thus, only a tiny fraction of this resource is utilized. We present REMIND, a Bayesian Framework for Reliable Extraction and Meaningful Inference from Nonstructured Data. REMIND integrates and blends the structured and unstructured clinical data in patient records to automatically created high-quality structured clinical data. This structuring allows existing patient records to be mined for quality assurance, regulatory compliance, and to relate financial and clinical factors. We demonstrate REMIND on two medical applications: (a) Extract "recurrence", the key outcome for measuring treatment effectiveness, for colon cancer patients (ii) Extract key diagnoses and complications for acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) patients, and demonstrate the impact of these clinical factors on financial outcomes.