gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intergeneric symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybridization in (1995)

G. Spangenberg*, Z.Y. Wang, G. Legris, P. Montavon, T. Takamizo1 , R. Perez-Vicente2, M.P. Valles3 , 1. Nagel & I. Potrykus Institutefor Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; I present address: National Grassland Research Institute, Senbonmatsu 768, Nishinasunomachi, Tochigi, Japan 329-27; 2 present address: Dpto. Fisiologfa Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; 3 present address: Dpto. Genetica y Produccion Vegetal, Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei, C.S.l.c., 50080 Zaragoza, Spain (* author for correspondence)
Nanoparticle-Surface Interactions in Geometrical Separation Devices (2015)

This study sought to demonstrate the impact of surface-target interactions in a device bearing geometrical features through evaluations of chemical modification to the surface and alteration of the charge state of both surface and targets. The movement of commercial fluorescent nanoparticles through a field of geometric features was monitored based on the output of the field measured at different points transverse to the direction of flow. Modification of the device surfaces using carboxylate, amine, phenyl, and fluorinated groups was considered. The functional group on the surface was found to significantly impact biased particle movement in the device with amine groups leading to the greatest differences. Other factors, such as flow rate, pH, and initial particle concentration, were also found to have a significant impact on particle concentrations across the feature field.
Unveiling anomalies in large-scale networks via sparsity and low rank (2011)

In the backbone of large-scale networks, traffic flows experience abrupt unusual changes which can result in congestion, and limit the extent to which end-user quality of service requirements are met. Diagnosing such traffic volume anomalies is a crucial task towards engineering the traffic in the network. This is challenging however, since the available data are the superposition of unobservable origin-to-destination (OD) flows per link. Leveraging the low intrinsic-dimensionality of OD flows and the sparse nature of anomalies, a convex program is formulated to unveil anomalies across flows and time. A centralized solver is developed using the proximal gradient algorithm, which offers provable iteration complexity guarantees. An equivalent nonconvex but separable criterion enables in-network processing of link-load measurements, when optimized via the alternating-direction method of multipliers. The novel distributed iterations entail reduced-complexity local tasks, and affordable message passing between neighboring nodes. Interestingly, under mild conditions the distributed algorithm approaches its centralized counterpart. Numerical tests with synthetic and real network data corroborate the effectiveness of the novel scheme.
Supplementary Figure 6 from The Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor on Antigen-Presenting Cells Suppresses CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses and Promotes Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 6&lt;/p&gt;
A Loosely Coupled Hierarchical Fracture Model for the Iterative Multiscale Finite Volume Method (2011)

Abstract The hierarchical fracture modeling approach is extended to a loosely coupled strategy in order to enhance its efficiency for highly conductive fractures and to easily integrate it into the iterative Multiscale Finite Volume (i-MSFV) framework. The fracture and matrix equations are decoupled and a sequential implicit approach is used to solve them. The i-MSFV method is then introduced for the efficient solution of the matrix equation which also involves fracture terms. Very important it that only one degree of freedom per connected fracture network appears in the coarse multiscale operator. This results in very efficient simulations for realistic problems, and also ensures total mass balance for each fracture network during the iterations. Local fracture functions are introduced in order to capture the fractures at the coarse scale accurately; similar to the complex well functions developed by Jenny and Lunati (2009). Numerical results show that the i-MSFV is an efficient conservative multiscale solver for simulations of flow in fractured porous media.
Vertical microcavities with highQand strong lateral mode confinement (2013)

We show that strong lateral photon confinement in a vertical Fabry-P\'erot microcavity can be achieved without sacrificing the quality factor $Q$ or the need for pillar structures. A submicrometer Gaussian-shaped defect inserted between two distributed Bragg reflectors confines the photons on resonance in a small modal volume $V$ on the order of ${(\ensuremath{\lambda}/n)}^{3}$ while maintaining a $Q$ up to ${10}^{5}$. This design minimizes light scattering induced by lateral dielectric discontinuities, and therefore our simulations demonstrate that the $Q/V$ is increased by nearly two orders of magnitude relative to cavities with an embedded mesa defect. We further discuss possible fabrication strategies for such devices, which are well suited for the study of cavity quantum electrodynamics with either organic or inorganic quantum emitters, and hold promise for the implementation of scalable quantum photonic networks.
On robustness properties in Empirical Centroid Fictitious Play (2015)

Empirical Centroid Fictitious Play (ECFP) is a generalization of the well-known Fictitious Play (FP) algorithm designed for implementation in large-scale games. In ECFP, the set of players is subdivided into equivalence classes with players in the same class possessing similar properties. Players choose a next-stage action by tracking and responding to aggregate statistics related to each equivalence class. This setup alleviates the difficult task of tracking and responding to the statistical behavior of every individual player, as is the case in traditional FP. Aside from ECFP, many useful modifications have been proposed to classical FP, e.g., rules allowing for network-based implementation, increased computational efficiency, and stronger forms of learning. Such modifications tend to be of great practical value; however, their effectiveness relies heavily on two fundamental properties of FP: robustness to alterations in the empirical distribution step size process, and robustness to best-response perturbations. The main contribution of the paper is to show that similar robustness properties also hold for the ECFP algorithm. This result serves as a first step in enabling practical modifications to ECFP, similar to those already developed for FP.
Decision letter: Sclerostin small-molecule inhibitors promote osteogenesis by activating canonical Wnt and BMP pathways (2020)

Locally delivered small-molecule sclerostin inhibitors are able to promote local osteogenesis in vitro and in clinically relevant in vivo models by simultaneously activating the canonical Wnt and BMP signaling pathways.
Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips (2018)

A significant number of lead compounds fail in the pharmaceutical pipeline because animal studies often fail to predict clinical responses in human patients. Human Organ-on-a-Chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic cell culture devices, which provide an experimental in vitro platform to assess efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in humans, may be better predictors of therapeutic efficacy and safety in the clinic compared to animal studies. These devices may be used to model the function of virtually any organ type and can be fluidically linked through common endothelium-lined microchannels to perform in vitro studies on human organ-level and whole body-level physiology without having to conduct experiments on people. These Organ Chips consist of two perfused microfluidic channels separated by a permeable elastomeric membrane with organ-specific parenchymal cells on one side and microvascular endothelium on the other, which can be cyclically stretched to provide organ-specific mechanical cues (e.g., breathing motions in lung). This protocol details the fabrication of flexible, dual channel, Organ Chips through casting of parts using 3D printed molds, enabling combination of multiple casting and post-processing steps. Porous poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) membranes are cast with micrometer sized through-holes using silicon pillar arrays under compression. Fabrication and assembly of Organ Chips involves equipment and steps that can be implemented outside of a traditional cleanroom. This protocol provides researchers with access to Organ Chip technology for in vitro organ- and body-level studies in drug discovery, safety and efficacy testing, as well as mechanistic studies of fundamental biological processes.
Structure atomique de deux anesthésiques généraux liés à leur cible principale (2011)

International audience
A key role for EZH2 and associated genes in mouse and human adult T-cell acute leukemia (2012)

In this study, we show the high frequency of spontaneous γδ T-cell leukemia (T-ALL) occurrence in mice with biallelic deletion of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2). Tumor cells show little residual H3K27 trimethylation marks compared with controls. EZH2 is a component of the PRC2 Polycomb group protein complex, which is associated with DNA methyltransferases. Using next-generation sequencing, we identify alteration in gene expression levels of EZH2 and acquired mutations in PRC2-associated genes (DNMT3A and JARID2) in human adult T-ALL. Together, these studies document that deregulation of EZH2 and associated genes leads to the development of mouse, and likely human, T-ALL.
Endothelin-1 Enhances Nitric Oxide-Induced Cell Death in Cultured Vascular Smooth-Muscle Cells (1998)

Increased expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) immunoreactivity is demonstrated in the active atherosclerotic plaque. Here we show that both ETA and ETB receptors are expressed in rat vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs). ET-1 binding to ETB receptors enhances nitric oxide-induced cell death in VSMCs. These findings suggest that ET-1 may participate in the mechanism of cell death (apoptosis) in the plaque through activation of ETB-mediated pathways and that a selective ETB receptor antagonist could be useful in preventing acute plaque alterations, such as plaque rupture.
Red Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing 5-Benzoyl-2-phenylpyridine Derived Ligands with Electron-Donating/-Withdrawing Moieties for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2010)

A series of red-phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes based on 5-benzoyl-2-phenylpyridine derivatives were synthesized. To explore their electroluminescent properties, multilayered OLEDs were fabricated the device structure of ITO/2-TNATA/NPB/Ir(III) complexes (8%) doped in CBP/BCP/Alq3/Liq/Al. The device 2 displays the excellent EL performances; its LE, PE, and EQE reach 30.4 cd/A, 10.1 lm/W, and 8.23% at 20 mA/cm2, respectively. The maximum electroluminescence spectrum peak was 571 nm, with the CIE coordinates of (0.486, 0.512) at 12.0 V, and the device also showed a stable color chromaticity with various voltages.
Decoupling capacitor modeling and characterization for power supply noise in 3D systems (2012)

Decoupling capacitors are essential to reduce high transient current noise and to provide a low impedance power delivery path. 3D technology has several advantages for power delivery, and this work investigates the impacts of decoupling capacitors on through-silicon-via (TSV)-based 3D power networks using a novel hybrid modeling approach, i.e., combining electromagnetic (EM) and SPICE simulations. We first partitioned a 3D system into a number of components, extracted the RLGC parasitics for each decomposed physical element, and imported them into an assembled system-level equivalent circuit. Through comparing and analyzing the effectiveness of several decoupling strategies, design tradeoffs are made in selecting the proper values and placement of decoupling capacitors to ensure optimal power distribution solution in 3D architectures.
Balloon angioplasty of chronic total coronary artery occlusions: What does it cost in radiation exposure, time, and materials? (1992)

Coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions is known to have a lower success rate and higher frequency of restenosis than angioplasty of subtotal stenoses, but there are no data describing the additional time, resources, and radiation exposure associated with this procedure. The purpose of this study was to compare these features in 90 consecutive patients who underwent angioplasty of a total occlusion (group 1) to those of 100 consecutive patients who underwent angioplasty of a subtotal stenosis (group 2). Angioplasty was successful in 60% of group 1 and in 94% of group 2 patients. Procedures were longer in group 1 and significantly more guide catheters, angioplasty balloon catheters, and guide wires were required per patient compared to group 2. The volume of contrast media used in each group was similar. Estimates of radiation entry exposure, calculated from fluoroscopy exposure times and using data from phantom studies, were 53 R (roentgen) per patient in group 1 vs. 34 R in group 2. These procedures were performed using pulsed progressive fluoroscopy; radiation exposure would be considerably higher using conventional fluoroscopic systems. Cineangiographic radiation exposures were similar for each group and accounted for an average additional exposure of 14-22 R for each procedure. Total radiation exposure was reduced in both groups when the angioplasty procedure was combined with the diagnostic angiogram. These observations should be considered when dilation of a total occlusion is planned. Efforts to reduce the amount of radiation exposure should remain a priority in interventional catheterization laboratories.
On the capacity of wireless erasure relay networks (2004)

We determine the capacity of a certain class of wireless erasure relay networks. We first find a suitable definition for the "cut-capacity" of erasure networks with broadcast at transmission and no interference at reception. With this definition, a maxflow mincut capacity result holds for the capacity of these networks.
The long-lasting enigma of polycytidine (polyC) tract (2021)

Long polycytidine (polyC) tracts varying in length from 50 to 400 nucleotides were first described in the 5'-noncoding region (NCR) of genomes of picornaviruses belonging to the Cardio- and Aphthovirus genera over 50 years ago, but the molecular basis of their function is still unknown. Truncation or complete deletion of the polyC tracts in picornaviruses compromises virulence and pathogenicity but do not affect replicative fitness in vitro, suggesting a role as "viral security" RNA element. The evidence available suggests that the presence of a long polyC tract is required for replication in immune cells, which impacts viral distribution and targeting, and, consequently, pathogenic progression. Viral attenuation achieved by reduction of the polyC tract length has been successfully used for vaccine strategies. Further elucidation of the role of the polyC tract in viral replication cycle and its connection with replication in immune cells has the potential to expand the arsenal of tools in the fight against cancer in oncolytic virotherapy (OV). Here, we review the published data on the biological significance and mechanisms of action of the polyC tract in viral pathogenesis in Cardio- and Aphthoviruses.
Co Alloy-${\hbox{SiO}}_{2}$ Granular-Type Longitudinal Media for Sputtered Tape Applications (2007)

We investigated bias-sputtered Co alloy-films (CoCrPt- and CoPt-) for high density magnetic tape media. We used bias sputtering to achieve desirable properties (good in-plane orientation and low noise) in these media. The CoCrPt-sputtered tape media showed a flat frequency response with a of 160 kfci and a corresponding signal-to-noise ratio of 21 dB. The overwrite performance was better than 40 dB for an overwriting frequency of 12 MHz (90 kfci) and overwritten frequency ranging from 1 to 10 MHz (8-75 kfci). An overcoat (carbon nitride) with a thickness of 6 nm resulted in a 4-5 dB spacing loss in the roll-off curve at high recording densities, and a 3-4 dB lower overwrite ratio. In addition, the CoPt-media with no Cr present produced a maximum output 4-5 dB higher, but also higher noise power compared to the CoCrPt-media.
Deep Learning-guided Weighted Averaging for Signal Dropout Compensation in Liver DWI (2023)

Signal-dropouts caused by cardiac motion are frequently observed artifacts in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the liver. When several repetitions of a given slice are affected, uniform averaging results in locally reduced liver signal. This work proposes an adaptive weighted averaging of repetitions to locally suppress signal-dropouts. Therefore, weight maps are estimated by an algorithm which computes robust patch statistics under the guidance of a learned classifier which marks corrupted repetitions. In comparison to other methods, the proposed approach enables more homogeneous liver signal and less biased quantitative maps while sacrificing little signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Free volume in the hard sphere liquid (1998)

A method is developed for the efficient calculation of free volumes and corresponding surface areas in the hard sphere system by extending a previous method for calculating, exactly, cavity volumes in sphere packings. This method is used for the first time to evaluate the free-volume distribution of the hard sphere liquid over a range of densities near the freezing transition. From the distribution of free volumes, the equation of state can be obtained from a purely geometric analysis, which permits the calculation of pressure in Monte Carlo simulations where the dynamic definition cannot be employed. Furthermore, the cavity-volume distributions are obtained indirectly from the free-volume distributions in a density range where direct measurement is inadequate. Direct measurement of the first moment of the cavity-volume distribution makes it possible to calculate the chemical potential in the vicinity of the freezing transition.
Retrospective Analysis of Kadian®(Morphine Sulfate Sustained-Release Capsules) in Patients with Chronic, Nonmalignant Pain (2005)

The long-term use of sustained-release morphine for chronic pain was examined by reviewing charts from 68 patients taking Kadian (morphine sulfate sustained-release capsules; Alpharma U.S. Human Pharmaceuticals Branded Products Division, Piscataway, NJ) from 1998 to 2003 (mean treatment period 12 months). Patients had a wide range of pain conditions, including lower back pain with radiculoneuropathy, neck pain, headache, degenerative disc disease, failed back syndrome, and radiculoneuropathies. Median daily dose was 60 mg (mean 82.1 mg, range 20-400 mg). Dosing frequency was in accordance with prescribing information for 97.1% of patients; over half of these patients were maintained on a once-daily dose. Mean pain scores (visual numeric scale of 0-10) at the end of the observation period were reduced from a baseline mean of 7.7-4.9. Kadian use did not result in escalation of dose strength or frequency, and was safe and efficacious regardless of patient age.
Vehicle control for automated highway systems for improved lateral maneuverability (2002)

In this paper, longitudinal and lateral vehicle control for automated highway systems (AHS) are studied together for their coupling effects. It is shown that longitudinal controllers which directly control the wheel slip are inherently more stable, especially during lateral maneuvers on very slippery road conditions, than longitudinal controllers which do not take wheel slip into account.
New Insight into the Americium/Curium Separation by Solvent Extraction using Diglycolamides (2015)

The liquid–liquid extraction process called EXAm was developed by the CEA to allow the recovery of Americium alone from a PUREX raffinate. Americium is extracted from a highly acidic feed solution (HNO3 4–6 M) by a mixture of two extractants: DMDOHEMA and HDEHP. The Am/Cm selectivity is improved using a specific diglycolamide (TEDGA) as a selective aqueous complexing agent which retains preferentially Cm and heavier lanthanides in the aqueous phase. In this study, the impact of the lipophilicity and steric hindrance of several diglycolamides on the Am/Cm selectivity was investigated in order to understand the enhancement brought by TEDGA. For this purpose, liquid–liquid extraction and partitioning experiments were performed under various conditions.
Small molecules targeting different cellular pathologies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2023)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease in which the motor neuron circuitry displays progressive degeneration, affecting mostly the motor neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord. There are no effective cures, albeit three drugs, riluzole, edaravone, and AMX0035 (a combination of sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol), have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, with limited improvement in patients. There is an urgent need to build better and more effective treatment strategies for ALS. Since the disease is very heterogenous, numerous approaches have been explored, such as targeting genetic mutations, decreasing oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, enhancing mitochondrial function and protein degradation mechanisms, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. In addition, various chemical libraries or previously identified drugs have been screened for potential repurposing in the treatment of ALS. Here, we review previous drug discovery efforts targeting a variety of cellular pathologies that occur from genetic mutations that cause ALS, such as mutations in SOD1, C9orf72, FUS, and TARDP-43 genes. These mutations result in protein aggregation, which causes neuronal degeneration. Compounds used to target cellular pathologies that stem from these mutations are discussed and comparisons among different preclinical models are presented. Because the drug discovery landscape for ALS and other motor neuron diseases is changing rapidly, we also offer recommendations for a novel, more effective, direction in ALS drug discovery that could accelerate translation of effective compounds from animals to patients.
Energy Efficiency Performance of LTE Dynamic Base Station Downlink DTX Operation (2014)

Dynamic base station downlink discontinuous transmission (DTX) operations have been proposed and under discussion in the standardization body as a candidate to reduce interference in the LTE network to support rapidly increasing demand for mobile broadband services and traffic volumes [1]. In this paper, we analyze the energy efficiency improvement of the dynamic base station DTX operations from three perspectives. First, we discuss the complementary operation aspect of the dynamic base station DTX and existing LTE dormant mode. Secondly, we provide an analysis showing substantial energy efficiency benefits at all loads of dynamic base station DTX operation with near- future base station hardware components. Thirdly, we provide an analytical framework to assess the energy saving potential of the dynamic base station DTX concept for all possible future hardware improvement possibilities.