gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of 5-(Acyloxymethyl)furfurals from Carbohydrates Using Zinc Chloride/Acetic Acid Catalyst System and Their Synthetic Value Addition (2023)

5-(Acyloxymethyl)furfurals (AMFs) have received considerable attention as hydrophobic, stable, and halogen-free congeners of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) for synthesizing biofuels and biochemicals. In this work, AMFs have been prepared directly from carbohydrates in satisfactory yields using the combination of ZnCl<sub>2</sub> as the Lewis acid catalyst and carboxylic acid as the Brønsted acid catalyst. The process was initially optimized for 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) and then extended to producing other AMFs. The effects of reaction temperature, duration, loading of the substrate, and dosage of ZnCl<sub>2</sub> on AcMF yield were explored. Fructose and glucose provided AcMF in 80% and 60% isolated yield, respectively, under optimized parameters (5 wt % substrate, AcOH, 4 equiv ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, 100 °C, 6 h). Finally, AcMF was converted into high-value chemicals, such as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, 2,5-diformylfuran, levulinic acid, and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid in satisfactory yields to demonstrate the synthetic versatility of AMFs as carbohydrate-derived renewable chemical platforms.
Le pouvoir sans la responsabilité ? (2005)

Résumé La plupart des élus locaux n’acceptent pas de se soumettre à une évaluation pluraliste. Proposées par le projet de loi relatif aux responsabilités locales défendu par le gouvernement et conçues comme autant de contreparties à l’accroissement des compétences, des effectifs et des ressources budgétaires des collectivités locales, la généralisation de l’évaluation des politiques publiques locales et la création d’une instance nationale d’évaluation ont été rejetées par le Parlement à l’initiative du Sénat. Ce rejet témoigne d’une conception singulière de la démocratie dans laquelle la liberté des exécutifs locaux doit l’emporter sur leur responsabilité vis-à-vis des citoyens. Il suggère que la “République des proximités” s’inscrit bien dans “l’horizon indépas-sable” de la démocratie représentative.
Somatic Point Mutations in the Translocated bcl-2 Genes of Non-Hodgkin's Lvmphomasrl and Lvmphocvtic Leukemias: Imblications for Mechanisms of Tumor Progression (1993)

The t[14;18] chromosomal translocation is the most common cytogenetic abnormality found in hematolymphoid malignancies. The t[14;18] fuses the bcl-2 gene at 18q21 with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus at 14q32, resulting in deregulated expression of bcl-2 and production of high levels of its encoded 26-kD protein in the majority of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Recent data indicate that somatic point mutations frequently occur in translocated bcl-2 alleles, possibly because of the somatic hypermutation mechanism that is associated with the immunoglobulin gene loci and that normally contributes to antibody diversity. In some cases, these mutations can affect the open reading frame of the bcl-2 gene and thereby alter Bcl-2 proteins. Here, we review the currently available data about the incidence, biological effects, and possible clinical importance of somatic mutations within the translocated bcl-2 genes of human lymphomas and leukemias.
Reversibly Cross-Linked Polymer Gels as Healing Agents for Epoxy−Amine Thermosets (2009)

The Diels-Alder reaction was used to develop a reversibly cross-linking gel as a healing agent for traditional epoxy-amine thermosets. Direct application of the reversibly cross-linking network to a crack surface in an epoxy-amine thermoset resulted in the recovery of 37% of the initial epoxy-amine network's strength. Composites in which the reversibly cross-linking gel was incorporated as a secondary particulate phase recovered 21% of the initial composite strength after the first healing cycle, with healing possible up to five times.
Fluorescence identifies an alkaline cell in turtle urinary bladder (1986)

Intracellular pH (pHi) of turtle bladder mucosal cells was studied by the trapped fluorescent indicator technique. Bladders efficiently accumulated and converted 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate to its pH-sensitive derivative 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU). Excited at the pH-indifferent wavelength 334 nm, bladders fluoresced a uniform blue. Using pH-sensitive 365-nm excitation, 10-20% of the mucosal cells fluoresced distinctly brighter, suggesting a more alkaline pHi. Using the 365/334 ratio to quantitate pHi, this difference averaged 0.1 pH units. Bright cells were more distinct after SITS or acetazolamide but disappeared after digitonin permeabilization, dinitrophenol, or treatment with propionate, DMO, and NH4Cl. Essentially the same population of bright cells was identified by carboxyfluorescein diacetate. The brighter cell corresponded exactly to a population of cells with distinctive acridine orange staining and bright costaining with the potential-sensing probes Di-O-C5, Di-S-C3, and 4-Di-5-Asp. Two extremes of bright cell shape were seen: an elongate cell, prevalent under conditions stimulating H+ secretion, and a more compact cell, when acidification was inhibited. These observations support the hypothesis that acidification represents H+ secretion via the luminal membrane and that a primary role of carbonic anhydrase in this process is to support the exit of base from the cell. The more alkaline cells appear to be the carbonic anhydrase-rich cells. These cells are chemically isolated from the surrounding granular cells and change their morphology in response to changes in acidification. These special properties indicate a unique role for the carbonic anhydrase cell in H+ secretion.
Temperature mapping and thermal lensing in large-mode, high-power laser diodes (2006)

The authors use high-resolution charge-coupled device based thermoreflectance to derive two dimensional facet temperature maps of a λ=1.55μm InGaAsP∕InP watt-class laser that has a large (&amp;gt;5×5μm2) fundamental optical mode. Recognizing that temperature rise in the laser will lead to refractive index increase, they use the measured temperature profiles as an input to a finite-element mode solver, predicting bias-dependent spatial mode behavior that agrees well with experimental observations. These results demonstrate the general usefulness of high-resolution thermal imaging for studying spatial mode dynamics in photonic devices.
The J774.2 cell line presents antigen in an I region restricted manner (1983)

Abstract We report here the ability of a murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.2, to present antigen to primed T cells in a genetically restricted manner. J774.2 is a subclone derived from the reticulum cell sarcoma cell line, J774. Like mature macrophages, J774.2 possesses Fc receptors for all immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses; it is capable of performing Fc-mediated phagocytosis, and it secretes both lysozyme and plasminogen activator.
Roughness scaling of plasma-etched silicon surfaces (1998)

Atomic force microscopy reveals scaling behaviour of silicon surfaces etched by plasma. The experimental results are compared with some theoretical models. It is shown that plasma-induced roughness is driven by a phenomenon that can be described by shadowing instabilities resulting in columnar microstructure growth. The same scaling properties as are predicted by a growth model are obtained.
Abstract 4071: PAXgene Tissue: A new tissue fixation technology for simultaneous preservation of morphology and nucleic acids (2012)

Abstract Introduction: PAXgene Tissue (PAXgene) is a new, formalin-free fixation technology developed for simultaneous preservation of morphology and biomolecules in tissue samples. PAXgene fixed, paraffin embedded (PFPE) tissue is suitable for conventional histochemical and immunohistochemical staining as well as for extraction of high quality nucleic acids. Material and Methods: Cases of human lung, breast and colorectal cancer were divided and fixed in formalin, PAXgene, or snap frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2). PAXgene fixed, stabilized specimens were stored for up to four days at room temperature prior to processing. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) and PFPE tissue morphologies were compared using H&amp;E stain. RNA, miRNA and DNA were isolated from FFPE, PFPE and LN2 tissue. RNA expression was analyzed in 96-well RT-qPCR arrays with pre-designed assays, and miRNA expression profiling was performed with single Sybr-green or primer/probe based assays. DNA was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, long-range, and multiplex PCR. Results: Morphology of PFPE samples was similar to or indistinguishable from FFPE tissue. A high correlation of both RNA and miRNA gene expression results was observed between PFPE and LN2 samples. For all PCR assays, Ct values were within +/− 2 Ct. In contrast, poor correlation was observed between RNA from FFPE compared to RNA from LN2 with differences of up to 10 Cts. Correlation of FFPE to LN2 was higher in the case of miRNA but was still not as high as that of miRNA from PFPE. High molecular weight DNA which performed well in PCR could be isolated from LN2 and PFPE tissue, but DNA from FFPE failed in long-range PCR and showed biased or no amplification in multiplexed PCR. Conclusion: The PAXgene Tissue fixation technology preserves morphology and nucleic acids in tissue samples. It enables morphological and multimodal research biomarker testing with one sample. PAXgene Tissue is for research use only. It is not intended for diagnostic use. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4071. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4071
PET Imaging in the Photosensitive Baboon: Case‐controlled Study (2007)

The patterns of ILS-induced CBF changes differed between CTL and PS groups. These differences of activations and inhibitions suggest involvement of specific cortical-subcortical or networks in photosensitivity.
Synthesis and characterization of monochelated carboxylatopalladium(II) complexes with nitrogen-donor chelating ligands. Crystal structures of diacetato(1,10-phenanthroline)- and diacetato(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)-palladium(II) (1994)

Two series of monochelated carboxylatopalladium(II) complexes of general formula [Pd(L–L)(MeCO2)2] and [Pd(L–L)(CF3CO2)2][L–L = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′-bipyridine and their substituted derivatives] have been prepared and characterized. The chemical behaviour of the complexes in solution has been studied in different solvents mainly by means of 1H NMR experiments. These showed that, unlike the acetato complexes, the trifluoroacetato derivatives undergo partial dissociation of the anionic ligand in Me2SO solution at room temperature. A similar behaviour was also observed for the acetato complexes in CD3OD. The signals of the H2,9 protons in the phenanthroline series, and those of H6,6 in the bipyridine one, are excellent probes for the evaluation of the environment of the palladium atom. The crystal structures of [Pd(phen)(MeCO2)2], [Pd(2,9-dmphen)(MeCO2)2]·0.40CH2Cl2 and [Pd(2,9-dmphen)(MeCO2)2]·0.25CHCl3](2,9-dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) have been determined. The co-ordination geometry around palladium is square planar in all the structures, but significant deviations from the idealized geometry occur in the last two in order to relieve the interligand contacts. These monochelated carboxylatopalladium(II) complexes are active catalysts in carbon monoxide–olefin copolymerization. Some preliminary results on their catalytic activity are also reported.
ULTRA THIN CHIPS STACKING ON TSV SILICON INTERPOSER USING BACK-TO-FACE TECHNOLOGY (2012)

Chip-to-wafer stacking is a key enabling technology for 2.5D as well as for 3D with technological challenges driven by on one hand the increase of the die surface and the number of I/Os and on the other hand by the reduction of the vertical dimensions. In our integration, the chips are reported on a silicon interposer containing copper via-middle TSVs. Two different approaches have been considered to realize chip-to-wafer stacking with respectively 35 and 20 μm ultra-thin dies. The first one is the conventional flip chip (or Face-to-Face, F2F) integration based on Cu/SAC μ-pillar connections while the second is a less classical Back-to-Face (B2F) way based on the realization of a high topology RDL after bonding the chips face up on the silicon interposer using a polymer. This last architecture becomes more and more attractive with the reduction of the chip thickness to ultra-thin dimension and can offer substantial advantages in terms of design flexibility and technology cost. Chip bonding is one of the first tasks to address: several bonding materials have been tested either on die side using die attach film (DAF) or on bottom interposer side using wafer level spin coated polymers. Then a novel brick consisting of high topology encapsulation and metallization has been fully developed to connect the dies to the bottom wafer enabled by the development of a specific lithography process. Thermo-mechanical FEM simulation and first reliability assessment have been carried out and support the good mechanical behavior of this integration. Electrical tests have been also completed that allows comparing the performances of F2F and B2F interconnections in terms of resistances and yield at front side level but also at back side level after TSV exposure. Back to Face integration can be very attractive in terms of process complexity and cost for ultra-thin chips with limited I/Os counts.
Characterization of Binding Epitopes of CA125 Monoclonal Antibodies (2014)

The most used cancer serum biomarker is the CA125 immunoassay for ovarian cancer that detects the mucin glycoprotein MUC16. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) including OC125 and M11 are used in CA125 assays. However, despite considerable efforts, our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of the recognized epitopes and the role played by glycosylation has remained elusive. Here a comprehensive set of recombinant MUC16 tandem repeats (TRs) expressed in glycoengineered mammalian cells and E. coli, together with overlapping peptides, was used to probe antigen-binding epitopes. We present a complete analysis of N- and O-glycosylation sites of a MUC16 TR expressed in CHO cells and demonstrate that neither N- nor O-glycosylation appear to substantially influence binding of OC125 and M11 mAbs. A series of successive N- and C-terminal truncations of a MUC16 TR construct expressed in E. coli narrowed down the epitopes for OC125 and M11 to a segment containing parts of two consecutive SEA domains with a linker. Thus, a complete SEA domain is not required. These findings suggest that binding epitopes of mAbs OC125 and M11 are dependent on conformation but not on glycosylation. The availability of recombinant TR constructs with and without aberrant glycosylation now opens the way for vaccine studies.
A specific cholesterol metabolic pathway is established in a subset of HCCs for tumor growth (2013)

The liver plays a central role in cholesterol homeostasis. It exclusively receives and metabolizes oxysterols, which are important metabolites of cholesterol and are more cytotoxic than free cholesterol, from all extrahepatic tissues. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) impair certain liver functions and cause pathological alterations in many processes including cholesterol metabolism. However, the link between an altered cholesterol metabolism and HCC development is unclear. Human ACAT2 is abundantly expressed in intestine and fetal liver. Our previous studies have shown that ACAT2 is induced in certain HCC tissues. Here, by investigating tissue samples from HCC patients and HCC cell lines, we report that a specific cholesterol metabolic pathway, involving induction of ACAT2 and esterification of excess oxysterols for secretion to avoid cytotoxicity, is established in a subset of HCCs for tumor growth. Inhibiting ACAT2 leads to the intracellular accumulation of unesterified oxysterols and suppresses the growth of both HCC cell lines and their xenograft tumors. Further mechanistic studies reveal that HCC-linked promoter hypomethylation is essential for the induction of ACAT2 gene expression. We postulate that specifically blocking this HCC-established cholesterol metabolic pathway may have potential therapeutic applications for HCC patients.
Importance of left atrial baroreceptors in the cardiopulmonary baroreflex of normal humans (1993)

In animals, sympathetic responses to orthostasis are regulated in part by cardiopulmonary afferents arising from atrial and ventricular baroreceptors. To determine the relative importance of these baroreceptor regions in the cardiopulmonary baroreflex of normal humans, simultaneous measurements of left atrial and right and left ventricular volumes (cine computed tomography), invasive hemodynamics, forearm vascular resistance (plethysmography), and efferent sympathetic nerve activity to muscle (microneurography) were obtained under control conditions and with nonhypotensive lower body negative pressure (-10 mmHg, LBNP-10) in nine normal human subjects. LBNP-10 did not alter heart rate or mean systemic arterial pressure, but it did produce significant decreases in pulmonary artery diastolic and right atrial pressures. This reduction in cardiac filling pressures resulted in efferent sympathoexcitation evidenced by increases in forearm vascular resistance and efferent sympathetic nerve activity to the muscle. LBNP-10 did not alter end-diastolic volume of the left or the right ventricle. Similarly, ventricular stroke volume was unchanged during LBNP-10, as assessed by cine computed tomography or thermodilution techniques. In contrast, LBNP-10 resulted in a significant decrease in left atrial volume. Thus, LBNP produced a significant decrease in cardiac filling pressures and left atrial volumes with resultant reflex sympathoexcitation, whereas ventricular volumes were unchanged. These observations suggest an important role for left atrial (nonventricular) baroreceptor afferents in the cardiopulmonary baroreflex of normal humans.
VX-166: a novel potent small molecule caspase inhibitor as a potential therapy for sepsis (2009)

Our studies enhance the case for the use of caspase inhibitors in sepsis. VX-166 itself has promise as a therapy for the treatment of sepsis in man.
OPTIMA prelim: Optimal personalized treatment of early breast cancer using multiparameter analysis: Preliminary study. (2012)

TPS665 Background: “Multi-parameter” prognostic tests such as Oncotype DX are increasingly used to identify women with ER +ve HER2 -ve breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy who are unlikely to benefit meaningfully from adjuvant chemotherapy. The supporting evidence for predictive testing is retrospective and is strongest for women with negative nodes. Randomised trials to validate testing are in progress but more evidence is needed, especially for node positive disease. There is early evidence that other multi-parameter tests which are in development have a predictive utility. Methods: OPTIMA will assess the value of multi-parameter tests in a UK population. OPTIMA prelim, the feasibility phase, will recruit 300 patients from May 2012 (with a 200 patient bridging extension to the main study). Eligible patients will have ER +ve HER2 -ve tumours with involved nodes (pN1-2). Patients will be randomised to the standard arm of both chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, or to the “test-directed treatment” arm in which patients will be assigned either the same chemotherapy and endocrine therapy or endocrine therapy only according to the result of an Oncotype DX test. OPTIMA prelim has 3 objectives. (1) To establish whether randomisation to test-directed treatment is acceptable to patients and clinicians. This will be done through qualitative research with in-depth interviews with OPTIMA researchers and by recording and analysing consultations when the trial is discussed with potential participants. (2) Alternative multi-parameter tests will be evaluated on all patients’ tumours and their performance will be compared to Oncotype DX using statistical and cost-effectiveness analysis to select a candidate test(s) appropriate for NHS use to be evaluated in the main trial. (3) The success of the main trial depends on efficient tumour sample collection and analysis to avoid treatment delays. The obstacles to this will be analysed in detail using a sample tracking database. The main study is an efficacy trial of 2-3 arms with the same design but uses tests selected in OPTIMA prelim. It will compare 5-year relapse free survival of test-directed vs. conventional treatment with a non-inferiority hypothesis.
Assessment of Time-Dependent Platelet Activation Using Extracellular Vesicles, CD62P Exposure, and Soluble Glycoprotein V Content of Platelet Concentrates with Two Different Platelet Additive Solutions (2019)

Novel analytical measures are needed to accurately monitor the properties of platelet concentrates (PCs). Since activated platelets produce platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), analyzing EVs of PCs may provide additional information about the condition of platelets. The prospect of using EVs as an auxiliary measure of platelet activation state was investigated by examining the effect of platelet additive solutions (PASs) on EV formation and platelet activation during PC storage. The time-dependent activation of platelets in PCs with PAS-B or with the further developed PAS-E was compared by measuring the exposure of CD62P by flow cytometry and the content of soluble glycoprotein V (sGPV) of PCs by an immunoassay. Changes in the concentration and size distribution of EVs were determined using nanoparticle tracking analysis. A time-dependent increase in platelet activation in PCs was demonstrated by increased CD62P ex-posure, sGPV content, and EV concentration. Using these strongly correlating parameters, PAS-B platelets were shown to be more activated compared to PAS-E platelets. Since the EV concentration correlated well with the established platelet activation markers CD62P and sGPV, it could potentially be used as a complementary parameter for platelet activation for PCs. More detailed characterization of the resulting EVs could help to understand how the PC components contribute the functional effects of transfused PCs.
Monodromy zeta-function of a polynomial on a complete intersection, and Newton polyhedra (2012)

For a generic (polynomial) one-parameter deformation of a complete intersection, its monodromy zeta-function is defined. Explicit formulas for this zeta-function in terms of the corresponding Newton polyhedra are obtained in the case where the deformation is nondegenerate with respect to its Newton polyhedra. This result is employed to obtain a formula for the monodromy zeta-function at the origin of a polynomial on a complete intersection, which is an analog of the LibgoberâSperber theorem.
Search for Gluinos in Events with Two Same-Sign Leptons, Jets, and Missing Transverse Momentum with the ATLAS Detector inppCollisions ats=7  TeV (2012)

A search is presented for gluinos decaying via the supersymmetric partner of the top quark using events with two same-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The analysis is performed with 2.05 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No excess beyond the standard model expectation is observed, and exclusion limits are derived for simplified models where the gluino decays via the supersymmetric partner of the top quark and in the minimal supergravity and constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model framework. In those scenarios, gluino masses below 550 GeV are excluded at 95% C.L. within the parameter space considered, significantly extending the coverage with respect to existing limits. Depending on the model parameters, gluino masses up to 750 GeV can also be excluded at 95% C.L.