gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scintillation light yield of Tb:Sr 2 Gd 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 (2021)

Abstract We have constructed the scintillation light yield evaluation system for the scintillator with millisecond decay time, which is based on the digital signal processing and the analog integration circuit with the decay time of 0.1 ms. The digital pulse shape discrimination technique is introduced to check and/or remove the influence of the pile-up events. As the first trial of the absolute scintillation light yield evaluation for scintillators with millisecond decay time, we attempt to acquire the scintillation light yield spectrum of the Tb:Sr 2 Gd 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 (Tb:SrGS). The pulse area spectrum obtained from the Tb:SrGS scintillator shows a clear peak corresponding to the full-energy absorption events of 662 keV gamma-rays from a Cs-137 source. The peak channels in the pulse area spectra are almost the same both for the Tb:SrGS and bismuthgermanate (BGO) scintillator. Considering the difference in the wavelength matching between scintillators and the photomultiplier tube, the Tb:SrGS scintillator has a 2.8 times higher scintillation light yield compared with the BGO. We finally conclude that the scintillator light yield of the Tb:SrGS is evaluated to be 23 000 photons MeV −1 .
Rabbit alpha‐fetoprotein: normal levels and breakage tolerance with haptenated homologous alpha‐fetoprotein (1975)

Abstract Nanogram quantities of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), a tumor associated fetal protein, were found in the serum of normal adult rabbits by radioimmunoassay. This AFP was isolated and shown to be immunologically identical to fetal AFP by immunodiffusion. Immunizations of rabbits with unmodified or desialylated AFP in complete Freund's adjuvant did not cause antibody formation, indicating the existance of tolerance against homologous AFP. The tolerance could be terminated by immunizing with hapten‐coupled AFP, which resulted in production of rabbit antibodies reacting with unmodified rabbit AFP.
Self-Limiting Electroless Deposition of Nanoscale Ruthenium Oxide: Catalyst, Electron/Proton Conductor, Broadband Transparent Oxide (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Wavelength division multiplexed light source monolithically integrated on a silicon photonics platform (2017)

We demonstrate monolithic integration of a wavelength division multiplexed light source for silicon photonics by a cascade of erbium-doped aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Four DFB lasers with uniformly spaced emission wavelengths are cascaded in a series to simultaneously operate with no additional tuning required. A total output power of -10.9 dBm is obtained from the four DFBs with an average side mode suppression ratio of 38.1±2.5 dB. We characterize the temperature-dependent wavelength shift of the cascaded DFBs and observe a uniform dλ/dT of 0.02 nm/°C across all four lasers.
High Gain Per Unit Length Silica-Based Erbium Doped Fiber for 1580nm Band Amplification (2006)

High gain per unit length, as large as 0.6dB/m, at 1.58 μm in silica-based erbium-doped fiber has been achieved by optimizing the fiber structure.
Contrast-Ultrasound Diffusion Imaging for Localization of Prostate Cancer (2011)

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in western men. An accurate early localization of prostate cancer, permitting efficient use of modern focal therapies, is currently hampered by a lack of imaging methods. Several methods have aimed at detecting microvascular changes associated with prostate cancer with limited success by quantitative imaging of blood perfusion. Differently, we propose contrast-ultrasound diffusion imaging, based on the hypothesis that the complexity of microvascular changes is better reflected by diffusion than by perfusion characteristics. Quantification of local, intravascular diffusion is performed after transrectal ultrasound imaging of an intravenously injected ultrasound contrast agent bolus. Indicator dilution curves are measured with the ultrasound scanner resolution and fitted by a modified local density random walk model, which, being a solution of the convective diffusion equation, enables the estimation of a local, diffusion-related parameter. Diffusion parametric images obtained from five datasets of four patients were compared with histology data on a pixel basis. The resulting receiver operating characteristic (curve area = 0.91) was superior to that of any perfusion-related parameter proposed in the literature. Contrast-ultrasound diffusion imaging seems therefore to be a promising method for prostate cancer localization, encouraging further research to assess the clinical reliability.
Complex state variable‐ and disturbance observer‐based current controllers for AC drives: an experimental comparison (2013)

In vector‐controlled AC drives, the design of current controller is usually based on a machine model defined in synchronous frame coordinate, where the drive performance may be degraded by both the variation of the machine parameters and the cross‐coupling between the d‐ and q‐ axes components of the stator current. In order to improve the current control performance an alternative current control strategy was proposed previously aiming to avoid the undesired cross‐coupling and non‐linearities between the state variables. These effects are assumed as disturbances arisen in the closed‐loop path, extracted by a disturbance observer and then injected into the current controller. In this study, a revised version of a disturbance observer‐based controller and a well known complex variable model‐based design with a single set of complex pole are compared in terms of design aspects and performance evaluation by simulation and by experiment for two different sampling rates. Several comparative results that verify the promising performance of the proposed control scheme are presented. The advantages of the proposed controller are an easy implementation and offering a unique solution for the variation of the parameter and the cross‐coupling effect. Moreover, it provides a better performance, smooth and low noisy operation with respect to the complex variable controller.
Proenkephalin Decreases in Cerebrospinal Fluid with Symptom Progression of Huntington's Disease (2020)

We hypothesize that declining PENK levels reflect the degeneration of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that produce PENK and that assays for PENK may serve as a surrogate marker for the state of MSNs in HD. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Environmentally-friendly physico-chemical rapid ultrasonic recycling of fumed silica-filled poly(dimethyl siloxane) vulcanizate (2004)

Fumed silica-filled PDMS, where quite a strong interaction exists between the filler and matrix via hydrogen bonding, was recycled by means of an extruder with high power ultrasound attachment. It was found that the reinforcing filler plays an important role in the devulcanization process. Compared to the precipitated silica-filled PDMS, higher power is consumed during the devulcanization process of fumed silica-filled PDMS due to a strong interaction between the fumed silica particles and PDMS chains. The decrease in crosslink density after the devulcanization process shows that the process is quite dependent on the concentration of fumed silica. Throughout a simulation of scission of chemical bonds during the process, the influence of the concentration of filler on the devulcanization was investigated. The scission of main chains (Si–O) and crosslinks (Si–C and C–C) concurrently occurs during the process. Crosslinks are predominantly severed in the absence of fumed silica while the main chain rupture tends to increase with the filler concentration. The main chain scission leads to the deactivation of filler which reduces gel fraction and crosslink density of the revulcanizates. The mechanical properties of the revulcanizate show that the fumed silica significantly affects the final properties of the recycled PDMS.
Development of a new radiolabel (203Pb) and new chelating agents for labeling monoclonal antibodies for imaging. (1990)

High liver uptake and slow body clearance presently limit the usefulness of 111In labeled antibodies for tumor imaging. We have investigated 203Pb as an alternative and better antibody label. The DTPA and cyclohexyl EDTA (CDTA) conjugates of an anticolon carcinoma antibody, 17-1A, were labeled (bicyclic anhydride method) with 203Pb and 111In with 60 and 90 per cent labeling yields, respectively. The biodistribution of 203Pb-17-1A conjugates was compared with the corresponding 111In-labeled preparations and with 203Pb-DTPA, 203Pb-nitrate and nonrelevant antibody controls in normal and human tumor (SW948) xenografted nude mice at 24 and 96 h. 203Pb labeled CDTA and DTPA antibody conjugates gave similar in vivo distributions. Even though the lead bound to these chelate-antibody conjugates was more labile in serum and in vivo, compared with indium, it cleared much faster from the liver and the whole body. A new series of chelating agents based on the incorporation of a trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane moiety into the carbon backbone of polyaminocarboxylates is being synthesized. These are expected to provide stronger complexing ability for lead and produce greater in vivo stability. These ligands are also expected to be superior to EDTA and DTPA for labeling antibodies with other radiometals, including indium.
High Dynamic Range Reflection-Type Attenuator (2018)

In this paper a variable high dynamic range Reflection-Type Attenuator (RTA) is presented. The proposed RTA consists of a 3-dB coupler and two PIN diodes per reflective load. The PIN diodes are connected to the 3-dB coupler through a network comprising impedance transformers. The exact values of the impedance transformers needed for a high dynamic range are set in accordance with the developed theory. As an experimental verification, two RTAs have been fabricated - one with a single PIN diode per load and one with the proposed two PIN diodes per load. It is shown that the proposed RTA consisting of two PIN diodes per load offers a dynamic range that is two times greater than its single PIN diode counterpart, without a noteworthy increase in the insertion losses.
Treatment of ovalbumin-induced experimental allergic bronchitis in rats by inhaled inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2 (2005)

These findings confirm the pivotal role of sPLA(2) in the pathophysiology of both the immediate allergic response and the inflammatory asthmatic process. Control of airway sPLA(2) may be a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of asthma.
Development of Bio-Composites with Enhanced Antioxidant Activity Based on Poly(lactic acid) with Thymol, Carvacrol, Limonene, or Cinnamaldehyde for Active Food Packaging (2021)

The new trend in food packaging films is to use biodegradable or bio-based polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), PLA with additives such as thymol, carvacrol, limonene or cinnamaldehyde coming from natural resources (i.e., thyme, oregano, citrus fruits and cinnamon) in order to extent foodstuff shelf-life and improve consumers' safety. Single, triple and quadruple blends of these active compounds in PLA were prepared and studied using the solvent-casting technique. The successful incorporation of the active ingredients into the polymer matrix was verified by FTIR spectroscopy. XRD and DSC data revealed that the crystallinity of PLA was not significantly affected. However, the Tg of the polymer decreased, verifying the plasticization effect of all additives. Multicomponent mixtures resulted in more intense plasticization. Cinnamaldehyde was found to play a catalytic role in the thermal degradation of PLA shifting curves to slightly lower temperatures. Release of thymol or carvacrol from the composites takes place at low rates at temperatures below 100 °C. A combined diffusion-model was found to simulate the experimental release profiles very well. Higher antioxidant activity was noticed when carvacrol was added, followed by thymol and then cinnamaldehyde and limonene. From the triple-component composites, higher antioxidant activity measured in the materials with thymol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde.
Low peripheral blood derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) is associated with increased tumor T-cell infiltration and favorable outcomes to first-line pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer (2021)

Among patients with NSCLC and a PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, a low dNLR has a distinct immune tumor microenvironment and more favorable outcomes to first-line pembrolizumab.
A Novel Universal Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody against Enterovirus 71 That Targets the Highly Conserved “Knob” Region of VP3 Protein (2014)

Hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71(EV71) leads to the majority of neurological complications and death in young children. While putative inactivated vaccines are only now undergoing clinical trials, no specific treatment options exist yet. Ideally, EV71 specific intravenous immunoglobulins could be developed for targeted treatment of severe cases. To date, only a single universally neutralizing monoclonal antibody against a conserved linear epitope of VP1 has been identified. Other enteroviruses have been shown to possess major conformational neutralizing epitopes on both the VP2 and VP3 capsid proteins. Hence, we attempted to isolate such neutralizing antibodies against conformational epitopes for their potential in the treatment of infection as well as differential diagnosis and vaccine optimization. Here we describe a universal neutralizing monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conserved conformational epitope of EV71 which was mapped using escape mutants. Eight escape mutants from different subgenogroups (A, B2, B4, C2, C4) were rescued; they harbored three essential mutations either at amino acid positions 59, 62 or 67 of the VP3 protein which are all situated in the "knob" region. The escape mutant phenotype could be mimicked by incorporating these mutations into reverse genetically engineered viruses showing that P59L, A62D, A62P and E67D abolish both monoclonal antibody binding and neutralization activity. This is the first conformational neutralization epitope mapped on VP3 for EV71.
Profiling transcription initiation in human aged brain using deep-CAGE (2011)

The genome sequencing projects completed in recent years revealed that the number of protein-coding genes does not change appreciably with increasing complexity of the organisms, and it is now generally accepted that this divergence is largely due to variation at the regulatory level. Mechanisms such as alternative splicing, alternative promoters and antisense transcription allow to both obtain a high number of transcripts from a relatively small number of genes and to fine tune isoforms expression in a cell-specific or developmentally-restricted manner. It is likely that the extensive use of such mechanisms plays a pivotal role in development, adult function and ageing of complex tissues like brain.

The aim of this study was to characterize transcription start sites (TSSs) in different areas of human aged brain and correlate expression with methylation and structural genomic variation. Since its ability to profile TSSs at high resolution and at a genome wide level, we used Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) combined with high-throughput sequencing (deep-CAGE) to collect exact TSSs and their expression levels. We present here our findings on alternative promoters and antisense transcription. Post-mortem tissue from 5 different brain regions was collected from 5 human donors and used to prepare 25 libraries.
HOST GLUCOSE METABOLISM MEDIATES T4 AND IL-7 ACTION ON SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI DEVELOPMENT (2005)

Interleukin (IL-)7 and thyroxin (T4) favor Schistosoma mansoni development. Their effect is similar, rather than identical; moreover, cotreatment acts synergistically on parasites. This questioned a common mediator to their action, which we hypothesized was host glucose metabolism. Infection with S. mansoni resulted in an early peak in glycemia immediately followed by a peak of insulinemia (D7-21). In IL-7 + T4 cotreated infected animals, the peak of insulin was abrogated. We further assessed the consequences of experimentally induced glucose- or insulin-level variations on parasite development. Insulin treatment from day 14 to day 21 post-infection (PI) led to increased worm burden and parasite size, thus mimicking the effect of T4 on schistosome development. Interestingly, insulin treatment did not modify glycemia yet abrogated the hyperinsulinemia, normally occurring during infection. Finally, these treatments were associated with an alteration of the expression of parasite genes involved in glucose uptake. These experiments characterize the elaborate links between parasite and host metabolism and their reciprocal influences.
Integration of transcriptional and mutational data simplifies the stratification of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (2019)

The histological diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) can represent a challenge, particularly in the case of closely related entities such as angioimmunoblastic T-lymphoma (AITL), PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), and ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Although gene expression profiling and next generations sequencing have been proven to define specific features recurrently associated with distinct entities, genomic-based stratifications have not yet led to definitive diagnostic criteria and/or entered into the routine clinical practice. Herein, to improve the current molecular classification between AITL and PTCL-NOS, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles from 503 PTCLs stratified according to their molecular configuration and integrated them with genomic data of recurrently mutated genes (RHOA <sup>G17V</sup> , TET2, IDH2 <sup>R172</sup> , and DNMT3A) in 53 cases (39 AITLs and 14 PTCL-NOSs) included in the series. Our analysis unraveled that the mutational status of RHOA <sup>G17V</sup> , TET2, and DNMT3A poorly correlated, individually, with peculiar transcriptional fingerprints. Conversely, in IDH2 <sup>R172</sup> samples a strong transcriptional signature was identified that could act as a surrogate for mutational status. The integrated analysis of clinical, mutational, and molecular data led to a simplified 19-gene signature that retains high accuracy in differentiating the main nodal PTCL entities. The expression levels of those genes were confirmed in an independent cohort profiled by RNA-sequencing.
A Case Study of a Formalized Security Architecture (2003)

CVS is a widely known version management system, which can be used for the distributed development of software as well as its distribution from a central database. In this paper, we provide an outline of a formal security analysis of a CVS-Server architecture performed in [1]. The analysis is based on an abstract architecture (enforcing a role-based access control on the repository), which is refined to an implementation architecture (based on the usual discretionary access control provided by the POSIX environment). Both architectures serve as framework to formulate access control and confidentiality properties. Both the abstract as well as the concrete architecture are specified in the language Z. Based on a logical embedding of Z into Isabelle/HOL, we provide formal, machine checked proofs for consistency properties of the specification, for the correctness of the refinement, and for some security properties. Thus, we present a case study for the security analysis of realistic models over an off-the-shelf system by formal machine-checked proofs.
Global privacy and transportation mode homogeneity anonymization in location based mobile systems with continuous queries (2010)

A major concern for deployment of location-based mobile systems is the ill-usage of mobile client's location data, which may imply sensitive and private personal information. Also, even if the location is exposed willingly by the mobile client the query should not be linked to the mobile client. Sti
Network Performance Monitoring for Applications Using EXPAND (1999)

As computing becomes more interactive and as networked applications need special system support, it has become increasingly important to manage network resources. An important part of the management lies within monitoring network behaviour. It is important for many applications to be able to estimate system performance in order to select appropriate encoding schemes, adaptation, buffering sizes etc. This paper discusses monitoring within wired and wireless networks and the type of monitoring information needed to support different applications. We suggest a hybrid active/passive monitoring approach with a dynamic time window mechanism and interchangeable filters to extract requested information. The paper also shows our initial experimental results and presents our conclusions.
Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) anaerobic digestion and related processes, odour and health effects study (2004)

Biosolids odour emissions can affect the ability of wastewater utilities to implement beneficial biosolids processing and reuse programs. Communities often become more sensitised and vocal about biosolids issues, once they experience odours emanating from a nearby site. Odour impacts from biosolids, including potential human health effects, have been targeted recently by many national and local newspapers, citizens' groups, and regulatory agencies, who have raised significant concerns, ranging from viable disposal methods/sites to outright bans. Many national and local regulatory agencies in the United States are considering biosolids disposal bans in their communities because of misinformation, poor science, and citizen pressure, but primarily because of odour impact concerns. The wastewater industry has a relatively poor understanding of the operations and treatment parameters that influence biosolids odour emissions. Thus, wastewater treatment plants are often unable to control the odour quality of the biosolids that are delivered into communities. A research study to demonstrate the influence of anaerobic digestion, mechanical dewatering, and storage design and operating parameters on the odour quality of the final product was performed and is the subject of this paper. Established and new sampling and analytical methods were used to measure biosolids odour emissions from 11 test sites in North America. By determining the impacts of these control variables on biosolids odour quality, design and operations of anaerobic digestion systems might be enhanced. This paper also summarises a corollary study performed as part of the WERF research study that addresses the health effects of biosolids odours.
Reflective and transflective color LCDs with double polarizers (1999)

Abstract— Reflective color LCDs with double polarizers have been developed by means of optimizing liquid‐crystal modes, aperture ratio, color‐filter properties, thickness of the glass substrate, polarizers, reflectors, etc . These LCDs are sufficiently bright, display many colors, have good hue, and are light weight with thin outline and low power consumption. Since they have double polarizers, a very high contrast ratio can be obtained. Therefore, they are superior in text character displays. Moreover, transflective color LCDs have been developed without visible deterioration of reflective displays by adoption of a reflective polarizer and backlight system in place of a lower polarizer and reflector.