gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical Review—Photostable Fluorescent Cd-Free Quantum Dots Transparently Embedded in Monolithic Silica (2019)

Fluorescent Cd-free quantum dots (QDs) such as InP/ZnS and CuInS2/ZnS have attracted attention for use as color converters for blue light emitting diodes. To protect QDs from oxygen, which degrades them by photo-oxidation during excitation, we fabricated a transparent monolithic silica composite containing the QDs using an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium silicate (TMAS) as a silica source. The TMAS solution readily dispersed the negatively charged QDs prepared by ligand exchange of 1-dodecanethiol for 3-mercatopropionic acid (MPA). A highly transparent monolithic TMAS-derived silica composite containing the MPA-capped QDs was obtained from the QD dispersion through a sol–gel process. Improved photostability of QDs was explained by the TMAS-derived silica acting as a gas barrier to protect the embedded QDs from photo-oxidation by oxygen in air.
Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on End-user software engineering (2008)

Welcome to the Fourth Workshop on End-User Software Engineering. WEUSE IV is a one-day workshop aimed at challenges faced in helping end users develop dependable software.

WEUSE IV is structured around four themes. Each of the twenty short papers accepted to the workshop has overlap with one or more of the following themes: 
Empirical Evaluation in End-User Software Engineering
Learning from End Users
Software Engineering for End Users
End-User Tools for Creating Dependable Software



Each theme will be introduced by a session lead who will set forth his or her vision in the theme area, taking into account relevant papers. Following each presentation, there will be ample time for discussion.
Wafer Backside Cleaning Strategies for High-k/Metal Gate Processing (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Semi-solid and solid frustrated Lewis pair catalysts (2018)

Recently discovered homogeneous frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have attracted much attention for metal-free catalysis due to their promising potential for the activation of small molecules (e.g., H2, CO, CO2, NOx and many others). Hence, a wide range of these homogeneous FLPs have been extensively explored for many advanced organic syntheses, radical chemistry and polymerizations. In particular, these FLPs are efficiently utilized for the hydrogenation of various unsaturated substrates (e.g., olefins, alkynes, esters and ketones). Inspired by the substantial progress in these homogeneous catalytic systems, heterogeneous FLP catalysts, including semi-solid and all-solid catalysts, have also emerged as an exciting and evolving field. In this review, we highlight the recent advances made in heterogeneous FLP-like catalysts and the strategies to construct tailorable interfacial FLP-like active sites on semi-solid and all-solid FLP catalysts. Challenges and outlook for the further development of these catalysts in synthetic chemistry will be discussed.
Disabling an integral CTL epitope allows suppression of autoimmune diabetes by intranasal proinsulin peptide (2003)

Insulin is a major target of the autoimmune response associated with destruction of pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes. A peptide that spans the junction of the insulin B chain and the connecting (C) peptide in proinsulin has been reported to stimulate T cells from humans at risk for type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes-prone NOD mice. Here we show that proinsulin B24-C36 peptide binds to I-A(g7), the MHC class II molecule of the NOD mouse, and, after intranasal administration, induces regulatory CD4(+) T cells that, in the absence of CD8(+) T cells, block the adoptive transfer of diabetes. Curiously, however, intranasal B24-C36 did not inhibit development of spontaneous diabetes in treated mice. We then determined that B24-C36, and its core sequence B25-C34, bind to K(d), the NOD mouse MHC class I molecule, and elicit CD8(+) CTLs. When the CD8(+) T lymphocyte epitope was truncated at the C34 valine anchor residue for binding to K(d), the residual CD4(+) T cell epitope, B24-C32/33, significantly inhibited diabetes development after a single intranasal dose. This study identifies a novel CTL epitope in proinsulin and demonstrates that the therapeutic potential of a "tolerogenic" autoantigen peptide can be compromised by the presence of an integral CTL epitope.
Acid Rebound (1968)

A search for rebound gastric hypersecretion after ingestion of antacids in patients with duodenal ulcer revealed that aluminum-magnesium hydroxide (in a dose of 30 or 60 ml) and sodium bicarbonate (in a dose of 4 or 8 gm) failed to stimulate gastric secretion in the assay system used. By contrast, calcium carbonate (4 or 8 gm) induced gastric hypersecretion. Detailed studies in one patient suggest that the stimulatory effect of calcium carbonate is mediated by the action of calcium ions within the gastrointestinal tract and that this action is markedly potentiated by food. Although calcium carbonate therapy increases serum calcium concentration, the data suggest that hypercalcemia is not the mechanism by which this antacid stimulates gastric secretion.
Data from Safety and Efficacy of Intratumoral Injections of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are synthetic molecules that provide new specificities to T cells. Although successful in treatment of hematologic malignancies, CAR T cells are ineffective for solid tumors to date. We found that the cell-surface molecule c-Met was expressed in ∼50% of breast tumors, prompting the construction of a CAR T cell specific for c-Met, which halted tumor growth in immune-incompetent mice with tumor xenografts. We then evaluated the safety and feasibility of treating metastatic breast cancer with intratumoral administration of mRNA-transfected c-Met-CAR T cells in a phase 0 clinical trial (NCT01837602). Introducing the CAR construct via mRNA ensured safety by limiting the nontumor cell effects (on-target/off-tumor) of targeting c-Met. Patients with metastatic breast cancer with accessible cutaneous or lymph node metastases received a single intratumoral injection of 3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; or 3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; cells. CAR T mRNA was detectable in peripheral blood and in the injected tumor tissues after intratumoral injection in 2 and 4 patients, respectively. mRNA c-Met-CAR T cell injections were well tolerated, as none of the patients had study drug–related adverse effects greater than grade 1. Tumors treated with intratumoral injected mRNA c-Met-CAR T cells were excised and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, revealing extensive tumor necrosis at the injection site, cellular debris, loss of c-Met immunoreactivity, all surrounded by macrophages at the leading edges and within necrotic zones. We conclude that intratumoral injections of mRNA c-Met-CAR T cells are well tolerated and evoke an inflammatory response within tumors. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1152–61. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Modifications of Polysilanes and Polysilane Copolymers (1994)

Poly(methylphenylsilylene) has been functionalized by protodearylation with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Comb-like graft copolymers have been prepared by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, and isobutylvinyl ether from a partially triflated poly(methylphenylsilylene) backbone. Model studies using trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to initiate the cationic polymerization of these organic monomers indicated that a promoter was required to achieve more efficient initiation.
Real-Time Monitoring of Volatile Compounds Losses in the Oven during Baking and Toasting of Gluten-Free Bread Doughs: A PTR-MS Evidence (2020)

Losses of volatile compounds during baking are expected due to their evaporation at the high temperatures of the oven, which can lead to a decrease in the aroma intensity of the final product, which is crucial for gluten-free breads that are known for their weak aroma. Volatiles from fermentation and lipids oxidation are transferred from crumb to crust, and they flow out to the air together with Maillard and caramelisation compounds from the crust. In this study, the release to the oven of volatile compounds from five gluten-free breads (quinoa, teff and rice flours, and corn and wheat starches) and wheat bread during baking and toasting was measured in real-time using proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Baking showed different volatile release patterns that are described by bell-shaped curves, plateaus and exponential growths. Flour-based breads had the higher overall volatile release during baking, but also high ratios in the final bread, while starch-based breads showed high pyrazine releases due to moisture losses. Meanwhile, toasting promoted the release of volatile compounds from the bread matrix, but also the additional generation of volatiles from Maillard reaction and caramelisation. Interestingly, gluten-free breads presented higher losses of volatiles during baking than wheat bread, which could partially explain their weaker aroma.
Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Prior to Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer (2022)

Radical prostatectomy (RP) remains a standard treatment option for clinically localized high-risk prostate cancer. While RP provides excellent local control, patients with high-risk disease remain at considerable risk for recurrence after surgery. Disease relapse may be the result of occult distant metastases or regional micrometastatic disease at the time of surgery. Accordingly, the role of systemic (neoadjuvant) therapy prior to RP has been investigated. Proposed neoadjuvant regimens: include monotherapy or combinations of chemotherapy, hormonal deprivation, and immunologic agents. Randomized trials using androgen deprivation have demonstrated improved pathologic outcomes, including pathologic downstaging and decreased risk of positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension, and seminal vesical invasion. However, these, albeit early, trials did not reliably demonstrate improved post-prostatectomy oncologic outcomes. More recent trials have evaluated novel combinations of chemo-hormonal therapy and immunologic based therapies. These studies are currently maturing and offer the promise, pending findings, of potentially informing future practice. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiologic basis and contemporary evidence for neoadjuvant therapy prior to RP for clinically localized high-risk prostate cancer.
Activity of carbapenems with ME1071 (disodium 2,3-diethylmaleate) against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. with carbapenemases, including NDM enzymes (2012)

ME1071 reduced the MICs of carbapenems for bacteria with NDM-1 enzyme though synergy was weaker than for bacteria with IMP and VIM metallo-enzymes; this correlated with ME1071 having weaker affinity for NDM-1 than IMP-1 and VIM-2. As the weakest MBL substrate carbapenem, biapenem was the easiest to protect.
Alpha loss-cone Alfvén-wave instabilities in a sharp-boundary model of a tandem-mirror central cell (1988)

The Alfvén waves of a cylindrical, sharp-boundary plasma, which models the plasma in a tandem-mirror central cell, have been analyzed for instabilities driven by the loss cone of the alpha-particle distribution function. Improved methods for treating the waves, the distribution function, and the instability have been developed and used. The many normal modes of the cylindrical plasma can be found reliably. The diffusion-front method for calculation of the distribution function allows accurate and rapid computation of instability growth rates and marginal-stability boundaries. Present tandem-mirror reactor designs have densities and temperatures that lead to instability. Consequences of the instability should be assessed by studying the quasilinear evolution of the alpha particles.
Information Assurance Using a Defense In-Depth Strategy (2009)

Information assurance is an essential part of data dissemination and requires availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality and non-repudiation of information systems. A defense in depth security architecture will protect data in motion, data at rest and data at the edge. This paper discusses those various states of data, their vulnerabilities and a set of solutions that have been developed to aid in the overall protection of assets. The solution provided involves leveraging several technologies including: LevelLock, PuriFile and SINBAD. The combination of these products create a framework that can both proactively and reactively ensure data assets are created, modified and transferred in a consistent manner, based on policy. An organization seeking to fully protect its information resources should seek to implement a multi-strategy defense congruous with the solution provided here.
Genetic Diversity of African Swine Fever Virus Isolates from Soft Ticks (Ornithodoros moubata) Inhabiting Warthog Burrows in Zambia (1988)

The genomes of African swine fever virus isolates collected from soft ticks (Ornithodoros moubata) inhabiting warthog burrows in four areas of Zambia were compared by restriction enzyme site mapping. Isolates from different areas showed considerable diversity. The regions of genomes that differed between isolates were distributed throughout the virus genome, although some more conserved regions were identified, such as the right-hand third of the genome. The genomes of seven isolates from neighbouring warthog burrows within Livingstone Game Park in southern Zambia were more similar to each other than those from different areas. However, a number of differences were observed even between the genomes of isolates from the same warthog burrow. The variation between these latter isolates probably resulted from point mutations located at various positions along the genome, in addition to small additions or deletions at both terminal regions. Restriction enzyme site mapping indicated that one isolate may have originated by earlier recombination between two distinguishable viruses.
Deep SimNets (2015)

We present a deep layered architecture that generalizes convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). The architecture, called SimNets, is driven by two operators: (i) a similarity function that generalizes inner-product, and (ii) a log-mean-exp function called MEX that generalizes maximum and average. The two operators applied in succession give rise to a standard neuron but in space. The feature spaces realized by SimNets depend on the choice of the similarity operator. The simplest setting, which corresponds to a convolution, realizes the feature space of the Exponential kernel, while other settings realize feature spaces of more powerful kernels (Generalized Gaussian, which includes as special cases RBF and Laplacian), or even dynamically learned feature spaces (Generalized Multiple Kernel Learning). As a result, the SimNet contains a higher abstraction level compared to a traditional ConvNet. We argue that enhanced expressiveness is important when the networks are small due to run-time constraints (such as those imposed by mobile applications). Empirical evaluation validates the superior expressiveness of SimNets, showing a significant gain in accuracy over ConvNets when computational resources at run-time are limited. We also show that in large-scale settings, where computational complexity is less of a concern, the additional capacity of SimNets can be controlled with proper regularization, yielding accuracies comparable to state of the art ConvNets.
Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Energy Storage by Large-Area CdS-Coated Nickel Nanoantenna Arrays (2021)

The integration of thin films made up of periodic plasmonic nanostructures and semiconductors holds great potential to develop efficient technologies for photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion and storage. However, to date, only periodic nanoantenna arrays made up of Au have been explored, posing severe limitations in terms of scalability and costs. Here, we show that nickel nanopillar arrays can support complex electromagnetic resonances that strongly enhance the photoelectrochemical response of CdS thin films. By controlling the pitch size and diameter of the nanopillars, we obtain broadband light absorption from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range, thus achieving large photocurrent enhancements compared to a planar Ni/CdS sample and in line with those generated by previously reported Au nanostructures. The photocurrent enhancement is attributed to photonic modes in the UV and hybrid cavity-plasmonic modes in the visible and NIR ranges, which give rise to efficient energy transfer and hot carrier injection between metallic structures, the semiconductor, and the electrolyte. The developed nanopillar arrays are promising candidates for photoelectrochemical devices fully exploiting the solar spectrum and using Earth-abundant raw materials.
Artificial intelligence for the detection of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT using multinational datasets (2020)

Chest CT is emerging as a valuable diagnostic tool for clinical management of COVID-19 associated lung disease. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to aid in rapid evaluation of CT scans for differentiation of COVID-19 findings from other clinical entities. Here we show that a series of deep learning algorithms, trained in a diverse multinational cohort of 1280 patients to localize parietal pleura/lung parenchyma followed by classification of COVID-19 pneumonia, can achieve up to 90.8% accuracy, with 84% sensitivity and 93% specificity, as evaluated in an independent test set (not included in training and validation) of 1337 patients. Normal controls included chest CTs from oncology, emergency, and pneumonia-related indications. The false positive rate in 140 patients with laboratory confirmed other (non COVID-19) pneumonias was 10%. AI-based algorithms can readily identify CT scans with COVID-19 associated pneumonia, as well as distinguish non-COVID related pneumonias with high specificity in diverse patient populations.
A Multi-Cell MMSE Precoder for Massive MIMO Systems and New Large System Analysis (2015)

In this paper, a new multi-cell MMSE precoder is proposed for massive MIMO systems. We consider a multi-cell network where each cell has K users and B orthogonal pilot sequences are available, with B = βK and β ≥ 1 being the pilot reuse factor over the network. In comparison with conventional single-cell precoding which only uses the K intra-cell channel estimates, the proposed multi-cell MMSE precoder utilizes all B channel directions that can be estimated locally at a base station, so that the transmission is designed spatially to suppress both parts of the inter-cell and intra-cell interference. To evaluate the performance, a large-scale approximation of the downlink SINR for the proposed multi-cell MMSE precoder is derived and the approximation is tight in the large-system limit. Power control for the pilot and payload, imperfect channel estimation and arbitrary pilot allocation are accounted for in our precoder. Numerical results show that the proposed multi-cell MMSE precoder achieves a significant sum spectral efficiency gain over the classical single-cell MMSE precoder and the gain increases as K or β grows. Compared with the recent M-ZF precoder, whose performance degrades drastically for a large K, our M-MMSE can always guarantee a high and stable performance. Moreover, the large-scale approximation is easy to compute and shown to be accurate even for small system dimensions.
Comparison of Tissue-Based Molecular Markers in Younger versus Older Patients with Colorectal Neoplasia (2020)

These novel data address an identified knowledge gap and strengthen the biologic basis for earlier-onset, average-risk screening with the mt-sDNA assay.
Conformationally Restricted Peptide Mimetics by Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis (2012)

Elegant chemical methodology restricting the backbone flexibility of biologically active peptides has attracted growing interest. A practical synthetic strategy is presented to access ten-membered lactam peptide mimetics. Employing a ring-closing olefin metathesis as the key reaction step, the cyclic olefin moiety was obtained with <i>cis</i> configuration. Conformational investigations were performed with two model peptides.
Optimal regulation of stochastic cellular neural networks using differential minimax game (2010)

In this paper, we present an approach to optimally regulate stochastic cellular neural networks by using differential minimax game. In order to realize the design, we consider the vector of external inputs as a player and that of internal noises as an opposing player. The purpose of this study is to achieve the best rational stabilization in probability for stochastic cellular neural networks, and to attenuate noises to a predefined level with stability margins under an optimal control strategy. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Estimation method for evaluating the wave-induced flicker level emitted by a tidal energy farm (2015)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Acetonyl‐2,4‐di(hydroxy)tetrahydropyrans versus γ‐Pyrones: A Chemodivergent Issue for the Condensation of Acetylacetone Dianion Equivalents with α,β‐Disubstituted β‐Hydroxyaldehydes Leading to Potential New Synthons for Spiroketals. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phenotypic Analysis in Diffuse, Large Cell Lymphoma: Clinical and Histologic Associations (1986)

To investigate the possible relationships between immunologic phenotype, histologic subtype, and clinical features in diffuse, large cell lymphoma (DLCL), a computerized registry has been established for the prospective collection of immunologic, histologic, and clinical data. A combination of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase technics on single-cell suspensions, frozen tissues, and B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens was used to study the first 33 biopsies. A definitive phenotype was established in all but two cases. Monoclonal antibody reagents reactive in B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections helped assign a B-cell lineage in four cases lacking surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, monoclonal light chains, and T-cell markers. There was no statistically significant association between the immunologic phenotype (whether mature B or not) and any clinical or histologic parameter, including response to therapy and survival. Bone marrow involvement was found to be associated significantly with both vague nodularity and a cleaved cell subtype. Through the use of a multifaceted approach to the immunophenotypic analysis of the DLCLs, a distinct lineage and stage of differentiation could be assigned to most biopsy specimens. That such analysis has significant clinical implications for patients with DLCL could not be demonstrated in this series.