gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genotoxicity of Water Extract from Bark-Removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes (2021)

<i>Rhus verniciflua Stokes</i> (RVS) has been traditionally used as an herbal remedy to support the digestive functions in traditional Korean medicine. Additionally, the pharmacological effects of RVS, including antioxidative, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, have been well-reported. The genotoxicity of RVS, however, is elusive; thus, we evaluated the genotoxicity of RVS without bark (RVX) for safe application as a resource of functional food or a medical drug. To evaluate the genotoxicity of RVX, we used a bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test and comet assay, according to the "Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development" (OECD) guidelines. Briefly, for the reverse mutation test, samples (5000, 1667, 556, 185, 62 and 0 μg/plate of RVX or the positive control) were treated with a precultured strain (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 or WP2µvrA) with or without the S9 mix, in which RVX partially induced a reverse mutation in four bacterial strains. From the chromosomal aberration test and comet assay, the RVX samples (556, 185, 62, 20 and 0 μg/mL of RVX or the positive control) were treated in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1 cells) in the conditions of the S9 mix absent or S9 mix present and in Chang liver cells and C2C12 myoblasts, respectively. No chromosomal aberrations in CHO-K1 or DNA damage in Chang liver cells and C2C12 myoblasts was observed. In conclusion, our results suggest the non-genotoxicity of RVX, which would be helpful as a reference for the safe application of bark-removed <i>Rhus verniciflua Stokes</i> as functional raw materials in the food, cosmetics or pharmaceutical fields.
GAMMA—a high performance dataflow database machine (1986)

National Science Foundation under grants DCR-8512862, MCS82-01870, and MCS81-05904, and by a Digital
Quality assurance and quality control reporting in untargeted metabolic phenotyping: mQACC recommendations for analytical quality management (2022)

Multiple topics should be considered when reporting QA/QC protocols and outcomes for metabolic phenotyping data. Coverage should include the role(s), sources, types, preparation and uses of the QC materials and samples generally employed in the generation of metabolomic data. Details such as sample matrices and sample preparation, the use of test mixtures and system suitability tests, blanks and technique-specific factors are considered and methods for reporting are discussed, including the importance of reporting the acceptance criteria for the QCs. To this end, the reporting of the QC samples and results are considered at two levels of detail: "minimal" and "best reporting practice" levels.
Multirate digital redesign of continuous time controllers based on closed-loop performance (2000)

Presents a multirate H/sub /spl infin// optimal digital redesign of continuous time controllers. It focuses on the performance of the closed loop system under digital control. The resulting approximation criterion is a measure for stability of the control system. The discrete time controller is obtained through minimization of this criterion, which can be performed with standard software used for H/sub /spl infin// controller design. A hard disk drive servo example is given to show the proposed digital redesign method.
Co-registered optical coherence tomography and fluorescence molecular imaging for simultaneous morphological and molecular imaging (2009)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of tissue microstructure in situ and in real time, while fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) enables the visualization of basic molecular processes. There is a great deal of interest in combining these two modalities so that the tissue's structural and molecular information can be obtained simultaneously. This could greatly benefit biomedical applications such as detecting early diseases and monitoring therapeutic interventions. In this research, an optical system that combines OCT and FMI was developed. The system demonstrated that it could co-register en face OCT and FMI images with a 2.4 x 2.4 mm(2) field-of-view. The transverse resolutions of OCT and FMI of the system are both approximately 10 microm. Capillary tubes filled with fluorescent dye Cy 5.5 in different concentrations under a scattering medium are used as the phantom. En face OCT images of the phantoms were obtained and successfully co-registered with FMI images that were acquired simultaneously. A linear relationship between FMI intensity and dye concentration was observed. The relationship between FMI intensity and target fluorescence tube depth measured by OCT images was also observed and compared with theoretical modeling. This relationship could help in correcting reconstructed dye concentration. Imaging of colon polyps of the APC(min) mouse model is presented as an example of biological applications of this co-registered OCT/FMI system.
Identification of Novel sRNAs in Mycobacterial Species (2013)

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are short transcripts that typically do not encode proteins and often act as regulators of gene expression through a variety of mechanisms. Regulatory sRNAs have been identified in many species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Here, we use a computational algorithm to predict sRNA candidates in the mycobacterial species M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG and confirmed the expression of many sRNAs using Northern blotting. Thus, we have identified 17 and 23 novel sRNAs in M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG, respectively. We have also applied a high-throughput technique (Deep-RACE) to map the 5' and 3' ends of many of these sRNAs and identified potential regulators of sRNAs by analysis of existing ChIP-seq datasets. The sRNAs identified in this work likely contribute to the unique biology of mycobacteria.
New Catalyst Preparation Procedure for OBDII-Monitoring Requirements (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to match catalyst OBDII conditions the common procedure is oven aging with air, which is not suitable for complete converter systems due to mantle corrosion. The goal was, therefore, to find an alternative procedure to ensure a defined catalyst aging that would match 1,75 times the emission standard and is also good for SULEV.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The new procedure currently being developed allows the aging of metal and ceramic catalysts as well as complete catalyst systems. The paper will present the aging process, emission data of fresh and aged catalysts and the feedback to the test car OBDII system.&lt;/div&gt;
Broadband Repeatable <0.025 dB Average Loss Rapid Adiabatic Based 3-dB Coupler in a 45 nm SOI CMOS Process (2021)

We demonstrate a 75 µ m-long rapid adiabatic coupler (RAC) with an average insertion loss &lt; 0 . 025 dB/coupler and an average power splitting ratio of 50 ± 1 . 09% over 40 nm bandwidth and 68 reticles across a 300 mm 45 nm SOI CMOS wafer.
Epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate-induced Differentiation of Human Keratinocytes Involves Klotho-Mediated Regulation of Protein Kinase-cAMP Responsive Element-Binding Protein Signaling (2014)

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) has long been known as a potent inducer of keratinocyte differentiation. Although its molecular mechanisms have been extensively studied, its actions on human skin remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that methylated EGCG and EGCG increase the expression of klotho, and that klotho functions as a downstream target of EGCG and methylated EGCG in keratinocyte differentiation. We demonstrated that methylated EGCG3 and EGCG induce morphological changes in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) that are related to up-regulation of klotho expression. We also demonstrated that a klotho-induced keratinocyte differentiation marker in NHEKs is inhibited by H-89, a protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor. These results suggest that methylated EGCG and EGCG may function as inducers of keratinocyte differentiation via transcriptional regulation of the klotho protein.
Natural killer cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: Next generation of immuno‐oncology treatments (2021)

Immuno-oncology is revolutionizing the treatment of cancers, by inducing the recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. Recent advances have focused on generating or unleashing tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses, leading to alternative treatment paradigms for many cancers. Despite these successes, the clinical benefit has been limited to a subset of patients and certain tumor types, highlighting the need for alternative strategies. One innovative approach is to broaden and amplify antitumoral immune responses by targeting innate immunity. Particularly, the aim has been to develop new antibody formats capable of stimulating the antitumor activity of innate immune cells, boosting not only their direct role in tumor elimination, but also their function in eliciting multicellular immune responses ultimately resulting in long-lasting tumor control by adaptive immunity. This review covers the development of a new class of synthetic molecules, natural killer cell engagers (NKCEs), which are built from fragments of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are designed to harness the immune functions of NK cells in cancer. As currently shown in preclinical studies and clinical trials, NKCEs are promising candidates for the next generation of tumor immunotherapies.
Genotypic and phenotypic germination survival strategies of ecotypes and annual plant species in the Negev desert of Israel. (2011)

Genotypic and phenotypic influences were found in local ecotypes of Hordeum spontaneum (wild barley) occurring in the Negev and other parts of Israel. These have varied responses to: (1) post-maturation temperatures and duration to allow after-ripening; (2) amounts of irrigation for germination in winter or summer conditions; and (3) differences in seedling 'point of no return' and duration of drought tolerance according to ecotype and root length when dehydrated, as in some other annual plant species of the Negev Desert. Seed germination of Plantago coronopus of the Negev was regulated by local desert soils collected from ten natural locations along the annual average rainfall gradient, from 50 to 325 mm, which affects soil carbon and crust flora and thickness. The after-ripening and optimal temperatures for P. coronopus seed germination are affected by post-maturation temperatures, duration, as well as temperatures and hours of light during wetting. Annual plants in the Negev had different sets of survival strategies of seed dispersal and germination. The genotypic differences and phenotypic plasticity, affected by environmental factors during seed maturation include seed dispersal 'escape' or 'protection' strategies, preventing massive seed collection by seed eaters. The 'opportunistic' or 'cautious' germination strategies reduce the risk to species survival, as only a small part of the large seed bank is 'ready to germinate' after a rain event. The delayed point of no return and seedling drought tolerance may also increase species survival under unpredictable distribution of rain.
Extending the Service Life of Gas Turbine Hardware: (I) Laboratory Investigation (2000)

The possibility of extending the service life of the high pressure hardware for gas turbine engines using a novel repair procedure was evaluated in a laboratory study. In the laboratory simulation, both high and low activity platinum aluminide overcoatings of a partially stripped platinum aluminide were evaluated and contrasted. The results indicate that a chemically homogenous, relatively uniform thickness, platinum modified coating can be formed by low activity aluminizing on a substrate with surface areas of both bare alloy and partially stripped platinum aluminide coating. Furthermore, the CVD low activity platinum aluminide overcoat considered had better oxidation resistance than the original coating. The experimental program is outlined, plus the results are presented and discussed.
Delaunay-restricted Optimal Triangulation of 3D Polygons (2012)

Triangulation of 3D polygons is a well studied topic of research. Existing methods for finding triangulations that minimize given metrics (e.g., sum of triangle areas or dihedral angles) run in a costly O(n4) time [BS95,BDE96], while the triangulations are not guaranteed to be free of intersections. To address these limitations, we restrict our search to the space of triangles in the Delaunay tetrahedralization of the polygon. The restriction allows us to reduce the running time down to O(n2) in practice (O(n3) worst case) while guaranteeing that the solutions are intersection free. We demonstrate experimentally that the reduced search space is not overly restricted. In particular, triangulations restricted to this space usually exist for practical inputs, and the optimal triangulation in this space approximates well the optimal triangulation of the polygon. This makes our algorithms a practical solution when working with real world data.
24 GHz side-looking radar for vehicular applications (2002)

A microwave radar using spread spectrum techniques for vehicles has been developed in the K-band (24 GHz). This radar senses the sides and rear of a vehicle which is changing lanes or reversing while parking. This radar measures the distance, velocity and magnitude of received signals from each target. The paper discusses the methods and experimental results.
Is Upregulation of Sarcolipin Beneficial or Detrimental to Muscle Function? (2021)

Sarcolipin (SLN) is a regulator of sarco/endo plasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase (SERCA) pump and has been shown to be involved in muscle nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and energy metabolism. Interestingly, SLN expression is significantly upregulated both during muscle development and in several disease states. However, the significance of altered SLN expression in muscle patho-physiology is not completely understood. We have previously shown that transgenic over-expression of SLN in skeletal muscle is not detrimental, and can promote oxidative metabolism and exercise capacity. In contrast, some studies have suggested that SLN upregulation in disease states is deleterious for muscle function and ablation of SLN can be beneficial. In this perspective article, we critically examine both published and some new data to determine the relevance of SLN expression to disease pathology. The new data presented in this paper show that SLN levels are induced in muscle during systemic bacterial (<i>Salmonella</i>) infection or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. We also present data showing that SLN expression is significantly upregulated in different types of muscular dystrophies including myotubular myopathy. These data taken together reveal that upregulation of SLN expression in muscle disease is progressive and increases with severity. Therefore, we suggest that increased SLN expression should not be viewed as the cause of the disease; rather, it is a compensatory response to meet the higher energy demand of the muscle. We interpret that higher SLN/SERCA ratio positively modulate cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism to meet higher energy demand in muscle.
Supplementary Methods from Mechanism-Based Epigenetic Chemosensitization Therapy of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods - PDF file 100K, Reagents, gene expression profiling, RT-PCR, mice studies, clinical trial, patient samples, ex vivo treatments, immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Reduction in cardiolipin reduces expression of creatine transporter-1 and creatine transport in growing hCMEC/D3 human brain microvessel endothelial cells (2023)

The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) regulates mitochondrial energy production. Endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) play a vital role in uptake of metabolites into the brain and are enriched in mitochondria. We examined how deficiency in BBB endothelial cell CL regulates the expression of selected drug and metabolite transporters and their function. Cardiolipin synthase-1 (hCLS1) was knocked down in a human brain microvessel endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, and CL levels and the mRNA expression of selected BBB drug and metabolite transporters examined. Mock transfected hCMEC/D3 cells served as controls. Incorporation of (<sup>14</sup>C)creatine and (<sup>14</sup>C)oleate into hCMEC/D3 cells was determined as a measure of solute metabolite transport. In addition, protein expression of the creatine transporter was determined. Knockdown of hCLS1 in hCMEC/D3 reduced CL and the mRNA expression of creatine transporter-1, p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein compared to controls. In contrast, mRNA expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily C members-1, -3, multidrug resistance-associated protein-4 variants 1, -2, and fatty acid transport protein-1 were unaltered. Although ATP production was unaltered by hCLS1 knockdown, incorporation of (<sup>14</sup>C)creatine into hCMEC/D3 cells was reduced compared to controls. The reduction in (<sup>14</sup>C)creatine incorporation was associated with a reduction in creatine transporter-1 protein expression. In contrast, incorporation of (<sup>14</sup>C)oleic acid into hCMEC/D3 cells and the mRNA expression of fatty acid transport protein-1 was unaltered by knockdown of hCLS1 compared to controls. Thus, knockdown of hCLS1 in hCMEC/D3, with a corresponding reduction in CL, results in alteration in expression of specific solute membrane transporters.
Antigen receptor-regulated exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1987)

We demonstrate here that T cell receptor for antigen (TCR)-triggered exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is not constitutive and is regulated through crosslinking of the TCR by antigen or monoclonal anti-TCR antibodies. Morphological and biochemical data using three different biochemical markers of granules and Percoll gradient fractionation analysis are presented, suggesting that TCR-triggered exocytosis is accompanied by the loss of granules from CTL and appearance of intragranular proteins and enzymatic activities in the incubation medium. The strict requirement for crosslinking of the TCR in exocytosis triggering could be bypassed by protein kinase C activators (phorbol esters or bryostatin I and II) acting in synergy with Ca2+ ionophores. It is shown that external Ca2+ is obligatory for both the TCR-triggered and for the PMA/A23187-triggered exocytosis, since Ca2+ chelators and divalent cations that compete with Ca2+ for A23187 can inhibit exocytosis of granules. These data suggest that Ca2+ from intracellular stores is not sufficient to support exocytosis in CTL. Ca2+ channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists significantly inhibited TCR-triggered exocytosis without affecting the basal level of secretion. The described results are consistent with a model in which exocytosis of granules in CTL is triggered by the crosslinking of TCR, transmembrane protein kinase C activation, and external Ca2+ translocation through CTL plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and modulation of activity of Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent enzymes, and cytoskeletal proteins.
Proton-Conducting Solid Electrolyte via Ozonolysis of Cationic Ammonium Organoalkoxysilane Surfactant-Templated MCM-41 (2006)

A functional polymerizable surfactant has been synthesized and used as a template to prepare MCM-41. Ozonolysis of the olefin functional group in the composite material generates a nonporous proton-conducting solid acid that has a conductivity of ca. 6 mS cm-1 at 95 °C and an activation energy of 14.2 kJ/mol.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Discovery of a Mutant-Selective Covalent Inhibitor of EGFR that Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance in NSCLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3 - PDF file 295K, Activity of CO-1686 against rare lung-cancer associated EGFR mutants&lt;/p&gt;
Flow Loop Trial of an Autonomous Downhole Choke for Compensation of Rig Heave-Induced Surge & Swab (2019)

Abstract Harsh weather conditions result in severe heave motion on floating drilling rigs. The drill string is heave-compensated during drilling ahead, however, when slips are set during drill pipe connections, the topside heave compensation system is disabled, and the drill string is then moving up and down together with the rig. Pressure oscillations below and around the drill bit, induced by such movement, are known as "surge &amp; swab". These oscillations can be in the order of 20 bar or more during drill pipe connections in the North Sea and pose a serious challenge to drilling of wells with narrow pressure margins from floating rigs in harsh weather environment. A managed pressure drilling (MPD) choke at the surface cannot be used to control rig heave-induced surge &amp; swab due to the fast nature of the pressure oscillations in question, stochastic character of the sea waves that cause them and long time-delay between topside choking and bottomhole response. Continuous Circulation System (CCS) might be able to reduce the pressure oscillations somewhat by maintaining constant mud flow during connections. Computer simulations and laboratory experiments were previously used to investigate a novel method for attenuating surge &amp; swab by utilizing an autonomous choke to be installed in the bottom-hole assembly (BHA). The bottomhole pressure oscillations can be effectively reduced through dynamic in-situ control of the mud flow through BHA by a downhole choke. This paper presents the downhole choke system and the results from the first pilot trial conducted in a mud flow loop at Ullrigg test rig in Stavanger utilizing a full-scale version of the choke. The prototype was subjected to drilling mud with flow rates up to 2500 lpm and differential pressure up to 250 bar to investigate its ability to accurately control the flow while at the same time withstanding the demanding conditions. Satisfactory choke valve characteristics were obtained, indicating ability to control the flow with sufficient precision. Flow testing resulted in severe erosion of carbon steel components while wolfram carbide components were able to withstand the erosive nature of the flow. The test also uncovered challenges related to operation of the choke with high differential pressure and flow rates which could later be related to the motor, used to control the downhole choke assembly. The next phase of the project is to design a downhole prototype and test it in an onshore test well to achieve Technology Readyness Level (TRL) 4 qualification ("ready for first use offshore"). The final goal is to qualify the downhole choke together with MPD and a Continuous Circulation System (CCS) for use on floating drilling rigs in harsh weather environment.