gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of virally transduced cells into the dermis of immunocompetent and immunodeficient (SCID) mice to determine gene expression profile and differential donor cell survival (2000)

Cell therapy and bioengineering hold great promise as therapeutic approaches using cells and cell‐derived factors to treat various pathologic or trauma‐induced states. One possible application is the transplantation of cells into wounded tissue to help regulate tissue repair. Cells engineered for optimal wound healing may help to minimize scarring following surgery or to enhance the rate of healing of chronic wounds. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of a viral insert, the LacZ‐bearing, first generation adenovirus AdRGD, on the survival of dermally transplanted murine skin allogenic fibroblasts. The LacZ insert facilitated quantitation of both cell survival and gene expression and was used here to measure viable cell number. In addition to bearing the LacZ marker, the AdRGD vector is capable of carrying therapeutic gene inserts, so this study tested the feasibility of gene therapy for wound healing. Murine skeletal muscle PP6 (i.e., Pre‐Plate 6) myogenic stem cells served as an alternate donor cell type. Cells were labeled with the LacZ‐bearing AdRGD adenovirus vector and injected (50,000 cells/site) into the dorsal skin of adult normal, immunocompetent mice as well as in immunodeficient SCID mice. Skin biopsies were taken on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 post‐transplant, and assayed for LacZ expression. Soon after transplant (day 1), cell numbers underwent a transient decrease, but by day 2 post‐transplant they were present in appreciable numbers. Between days 2–7 post‐transplant, both allogenic fibroblasts and PP6 myogenic stem cells maintained survivability in similar numbers. Further, survival of transplanted cell types was similar in both normal, immunocompetent as well as SCID mice during this time period. There were no signs of acute inflammation or rejection in any of the samples. This study shows that AdRGD‐transduced cells are not immunogenic in the mouse skin model and the cells show similar survival for the first 7 days post‐transplantation independent of the cell type or immunocompetence of the host.
Monomeric Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes That Contain a Metal–Phosphorus Triple Bond (1995)

The chloro complex [(N3N)WCl] and the phosphanide LiPPhH react to give the complex [(N3N)WP] with a terminal phosphido (P3−) ligand (shown on the right). The WP bond length in monomeric [(N3N)WP] is 2.162(4) Å, virtually the same as the Ta–P bond length (2.145(7) Å) in [(N3N)Ta = P(cyclohexyl)]. N3N = (Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N.
Consumo de aminoácido de cadeia ramificada na esclerose lateral amiotrófica: suplemento proteico ou substância neurotóxica? Branched-chain amino acid consumption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: protein supplement or neurotoxic substance? (2014)

Studies have shown positive effect mainly in weight gain inpa- tients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) supplemented with branched chain amino acids (BCAA). However, recent studies have shown that excessive and chronic intake has contributed to the worse ning of the disease progression, probably because the amino acids are glutamate precursors. The objective of this study was to assess the evidence about the use of BCAA by patients with ALS, with the aim to clarify pertinent issues for its intake. A search was conducted in data bases for scientific papers related to the intake of BCAA in ALS, between 1988 and 2013. For these review six articles re - lated to the use of BCAA in ALS were found. Of these, one described strength improvement, while the remaining reported weight gain or no significant effects in relation to the outcome. Additionally, it was possible to observe a close relationship between the excessive and chronic BCAA intake with the worsening of the disease. Considering the presente day available knowledge BCAA supplementation should not be indicated due to the possible harmful effect. The intake of ap - propriated protein foods should be consumed by these patients, re- specting the suggested recommendation. However, more studies are necessary due to the scarce papers in this area.
High-Performance Electron-Transporting Polymers Derived from a Heteroaryl Bis(trifluoroborate) (2011)

In this communication, we report that dipotassium aryl bis(trifluoroborate)s make stable and easy-to-purify yet reactive monomers under Suzuki polycondensation reactions. A bis(trifluoroborate) of 2-alkylbenzotriazole was prepared successfully and copolymerized with dibromobenzothiadiazole in the presence of a Pd catalyst and LiOH, yielding high molecular weight conjugated polymers. This polymer (P1) composed of all electron-accepting units shows excellent electron-transport properties (μ(e) = 0.02 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), which proves the value of the aryl bis(trifluoroborate) monomers and suggests that many other types of semiconducting polymers that could not be accessed previously can be synthesized using this approach.
The Human Tumor Atlas Network: Charting Tumor Transitions across Space and Time at Single-Cell Resolution (2020)

Crucial transitions in cancer-including tumor initiation, local expansion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance-involve complex interactions between cells within the dynamic tumor ecosystem. Transformative single-cell genomics technologies and spatial multiplex in situ methods now provide an opportunity to interrogate this complexity at unprecedented resolution. The Human Tumor Atlas Network (HTAN), part of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Moonshot Initiative, will establish a clinical, experimental, computational, and organizational framework to generate informative and accessible three-dimensional atlases of cancer transitions for a diverse set of tumor types. This effort complements both ongoing efforts to map healthy organs and previous large-scale cancer genomics approaches focused on bulk sequencing at a single point in time. Generating single-cell, multiparametric, longitudinal atlases and integrating them with clinical outcomes should help identify novel predictive biomarkers and features as well as therapeutically relevant cell types, cell states, and cellular interactions across transitions. The resulting tumor atlases should have a profound impact on our understanding of cancer biology and have the potential to improve cancer detection, prevention, and therapeutic discovery for better precision-medicine treatments of cancer patients and those at risk for cancer.
Oximino‐Piperidino‐Piperidine‐Based CCR5 Antagonists. Part 2. Synthesis, SAR and Biological Evaluation of Symmetrical Heteroaryl Carboxamides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Incisional hernia following laparoscopy: A survey of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (1995)

Post-laparoscopy incisional hernias occur at an approximate incidence of 21 per 100,000 and are associated with significant morbidity. These hernias are most likely to occur when large ports are used. As currently practiced, closure is not completely protective. Further methods or devices should be developed to minimize the risk of hernia formation.
Non-linearity of the dissolution in advanced EUV photoresists (2016)

The development step in photolithography is a complex process involving selective dissolution between exposed and unexposed photoresist. This development is commonly described by a one-to-one relation between dissolution rate and deprotection level of the photoresist, optionally modulated by a surface inhibition factor. Moving towards smaller technology nodes, thinner resist films are necessary in EUV lithography. Therefore, interface effects can become dominant and modify the dissolution process, impacting patterning performances. In this work, we have used a Dissolution Rate Monitor to compare the dissolution curves of various advanced EUV resists exposed on an ASML NXE3300 scanner with a reference ArF resist exposed on ASML 1970i scanner. Whereas the immersion resist (80nm thick) showed linear dissolution curves, we observed that EUV resists (40nm thick) showed several pronounced non-linear behaviors in the range of doses where the solubility switch occurs. Following phenomena were observed during development: time delay before thickness loss start; swelling of the resist; dissolution rate decrease throughout development. We have elaborated on the relationship between the EUV resist dissolution characteristics and their Line Edge Roughness on 20nm dense line-space features. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of film thickness and substrate preparation. The results of this work are reported and discussed.
Cryopreservation of an Engineered Skin Equivalent: The Apoptosis Paradigm (1999)

Abstract The emergence of the tissue engineering sciences has led to an immediate need for cryopreservation protocols compatible with cell survival, cell-matrix binding and “scaffold” integrity. While numerous problems exist related to directional restrictions in cryoprotectant transport in tissue models, recent findings have demonstrated that the induction of specific molecular events, especially gene regulated cell death (apoptosis) is of significance. Accordingly, we report on a new strategy for the successful cryopreservation of a human skin equivalent. The integration of an intracellular-type cryopreservation solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide with and without apoptotic inhibitors provides a successful model for tissue preservation. With optimized formulations, post-thaw improvement of viability upwards of three-fold has been demonstrated when compared with traditional preservation methodologies. We conclude that 1) the use of an intracellular-type cryopreservation medium, Hypothermosol®, can improve post-thaw tissue construct integrity and cell viability, and 2) the inclusion of apoptotic inhibitors significantly improves cryopreservation outcome.
ChemInform Abstract: AN INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER APPROACH TO FORSKOLIN (1985)

Abstract Auf dem im Formelschema beschriebenen Weg werden die Lactone (XI) dargestellt, die die gleiche Stereochemie an C‐l und C‐l0 besitzen wie Forskolin (I).
9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2 formation in various bovine tissues. Different isozymes of prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase, contribution of prostaglandin F synthetase and its cellular localization. (1990)

9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2 was formed from prostaglandin D2 by its 11-ketoreductases in 100,000 x g supernatants of various bovine tissues in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. The reductase activities were high in liver (51.09 nmol/h/mg of protein), lung (24.99), and spleen (14.20); moderate in heart and pancreas (3.09-3.61); weak in stomach, intestine, colon, kidney, uterus, adrenal gland, and thymus (0.11-2.63); and undetectable in brain, retina, carotid artery, and blood (less than 0.10). No formation of prostaglandin F2 alpha from prostaglandin D2 was detected in all tissues. In immunotitration analyses with a polyclonal antibody specific for prostaglandin F synthetase, the reductase activities in lung and spleen showed identical titration curves to that of the purified synthetase and decreased to less than 15% of the initial activity under the condition of antibody excess. Prostaglandin F synthetase-immunoreactive protein in these two tissues showed peptide fingerprints identical to that of the purified enzyme after partial digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The antibody was partially cross-reactive to the reductase in liver (about 20% of that to the synthetase) but not to the reductase(s) in other tissues. The Km value for prostaglandin D2 of the reductase activity was the same in lung and spleen as that of the purified prostaglandin F synthetase (120 microM) but differed in liver (6 microM), heart, and pancreas (15 microM). The predominant distribution of prostaglandin F synthetase in lung and spleen was confirmed by radioimmunoassay (2.8 and 1.0 micrograms/mg protein, respectively) and Northern blot analyses. In immunoperoxidase staining, this enzyme was localized in alveolar interstitial cells and nonciliated epithelial cells in lung, histiocytes and/or dendritic cells in spleen, and a few interstitial cells in kidney and adrenal cortex.
Hybrid Electrochemical/Chemical Synthesis of Supported, Luminescent Semiconductor Nanocrystallites with Size Selectivity:  Copper(I) Iodide (1997)

β-CuI nanocrystallites (NCs) are synthesized on the atomically smooth graphite basal plane surface using a new hybrid electrochemical/chemical (E/C) method. This method involves the following steps: (1) electrochemical deposition of copper NCs onto an electrode surface, (2) electrochemical oxidation of these copper NCs to yield Cu2O, and (3) displacement of oxygen in Cu2O by iodide in an aqueous KI solution. Dispersions of CuI NCs having mean diameters ranging from 10 to 180 Å were prepared using the E/C method. Selected-area electron diffraction analysis reveals that β-CuI NCs are obtained; these NCs are epitaxially aligned with the hexagonal periodicity of the graphite surface, as are the Cu2O precursor particles. For samples of supported CuI NCs having a mean particle height of <25 Å, individual NCs were well-separated from one another on the graphite surface and were narrowly dispersed in height. Photoluminescence spectroscopic analysis showed a strong, room temperature emission at an energy corresponding to the band gap. As the crystallite diameter was reduced from 180 Å to 13 Å, the energy of this emission shifted from the macroscopic value of 2.92 eV to >3.04 eV, in good agreement with the predictions of the effective mass, strong confinement model.
Reverse Engineering Configurations of Neural Text Generation Models (2020)

This paper seeks to develop a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties of neural text generations models. The study of artifacts that emerge in machine generated text as a result of modeling choices is a nascent research area. Previously, the extent and degree to which these artifacts surface in generated text has not been well studied. In the spirit of better understanding generative text models and their artifacts, we propose the new task of distinguishing which of several variants of a given model generated a piece of text, and we conduct an extensive suite of diagnostic tests to observe whether modeling choices (e.g., sampling methods, top-k probabilities, model architectures, etc.) leave detectable artifacts in the text they generate. Our key finding, which is backed by a rigorous set of experiments, is that such artifacts are present and that different modeling choices can be inferred by observing the generated text alone. This suggests that neural text generators may be more sensitive to various modeling choices than previously thought.
Basal-Plane Functionalization of Chemically Exfoliated Molybdenum Disulfide by Diazonium Salts (2015)

Although transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 have been recognized as highly potent two-dimensional nanomaterials, general methods to chemically functionalize them are scarce. Herein, we demonstrate a functionalization route that results in organic groups bonded to the MoS2 surface via covalent C-S bonds. This is based on lithium intercalation, chemical exfoliation and subsequent quenching of the negative charges residing on the MoS2 by electrophiles such as diazonium salts. Typical degrees of functionalization are 10-20 atom % and are potentially tunable by the choice of intercalation conditions. Significantly, no further defects are introduced, and annealing at 350 °C restores the pristine 2H-MoS2. We show that, unlike both chemically exfoliated and pristine MoS2, the functionalized MoS2 is very well dispersible in anisole, confirming a significant modification of the surface properties by functionalization. DFT calculations show that the grafting of the functional group to the sulfur atoms of (charged) MoS2 is energetically favorable and that S-C bonds are formed.
Sphingolipids and Brain Resident Macrophages in Neuroinflammation: An Emerging Aspect of Nervous System Pathology (2013)

Sphingolipid metabolism is deeply regulated along the differentiation and development of the central nervous system (CNS), and the expression of a peculiar spatially and temporarily regulated sphingolipid pattern is essential for the maintenance of the functional integrity of the nervous system. Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS involved in general maintenance of neural environment. Modulations in microglia phenotypes may contribute to pathogenic forms of inflammation. Since defects in macrophage/microglia activity contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, it will be essential to systematically identify the components of the microglial cell response that contribute to disease progression. In such complex processes, the sphingolipid systems have recently emerged to play important roles, thus appearing as a key new player in CNS disorders. This review provides a rationale for harnessing the sphingolipid metabolic pathway as a potential target against neuroinflammation.
Sonic Spray Ionization (SSI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy's Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Advances in Wireless Local Area Networks (2006)

This tutorial provides a concise discussion on current and emerging wireless LAN technologies, emphasizing key concepts and underlying principles rather than factual descriptions. In addition, many carefully prepared illustrations are used throughout the tutorial to enhance the textual explanations. By distilling details down to the basic issues needed for intuitive understanding, both serious and novice tutorial participants are able to gain valuable insights into the exciting field of high-speed wireless communications and mobile computing
Platform-independent model templates for business process integration and management solutions (2004)

Business process integration and management (BPIM) solutions are increasingly used to address pressing business integration needs within an enterprise or among value chain trading partners. The basic idea of the BPIM approach is to capture the business integration scenarios and requirements through formal modeling of the business operations and transforming the resulting models into platform-independent models (PIM) at solution level that can then be further developed into platform-specific models (PSM) and deployable solutions. The key of this approach is to externalize the business process models from the rest of business, application and other system logic of the integration solutions. In this paper, we propose a solution template approach for developing BPIM solutions. A solution template is a platform-independent model for BPIM solutions where a template is represented through a composition of a set of solution artifacts with an explicit description of the interrelationships among the solution artifacts.
Intergrowth of Components and Ramps in Coffin-Shaped ZSM-5 Zeolite Crystals Unraveled by Focused Ion Beam-Assisted Transmission Electron Microscopy (2013)

Scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy are combined to study the intergrowth of 90° rotational components and of ramps in coffin-shaped ZSM-5 crystals. The 90° rotational boundaries with local zig-zag features between different intergrowth components are observed in the main part of crystal. Also a new kind of displacement boundary is described. At the displacement boundary there is a shift of the unit cells along the boundary without a change in orientation. Based on lamellae prepared with FIB from different positions of the ramps and crystal, the orientation relationships between ramps and the main part of the crystal are studied and the three-dimensional morphology and growth mechanism of the ramp are illustrated.
Abstract 19913: Oxygen Concentration Modulates Human Cardiac Stem Cell Proliferation and Migration (2016)

Introduction: Cardiac Stem cells (CSCs) are currently being tested for their efficacy in the treatment of heart failure (HF). However, numerous factors are known to cause significant impairment to the exogenously delivered cell’s survival and regenerative capabilities. Hypoxia is one such stress that is known to contribute to inadequate tissue repair. Here, we test the hypothesis that hypoxia impairs cell proliferation, survival, and migration of human CSCs. Methods and Results: CSCs were expanded from endomyocardial biopsies from patients and selected for CD117 expression. Cultured at standard room air (21% O 2 ), CSCs were transferred to either physiologic (5%) or hypoxic (0.5%) conditions to assess the effect on cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Compared to both room air and hypoxia, the physiological O 2 elevated both proliferation (P 2 to a level comparable to physiologic migration (2-fold, P 2 (1.4-fold, P 2 concentration. Conclusions: Relative to hyperoxia and hypoxia, physiological O 2 concentration promotes cell proliferation and migration. This study provides novel insights into the modulatory effects of O 2 concentration on CSC biology and hasve important implications for refining stem cell therapies.
Molecular Identification of Western European Species of Obsoletus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) by an Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 rDNA Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay (2007)

In southern Europe, orbiviral diseases such as bluetongue (BT) have been assumed to have been largely transmitted by the classical Afro-Asian vector Culicoides imicola Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Recent outbreaks have occurred in regions where C. imicola is normally absent, supporting the theory that other species belonging to the Obsoletus or Pulicaris complexes may play a role in BT virus transmission. Investigations of the ecology of the species within the former group are hampered by females of member species being extremely difficult to separate by classical morphology. To allow straightforward separation of these species in France, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 rDNA was developed to distinguish between Culicoides chiopterus Meigen, Culicoides dewulfi Goetghebuer, Culicoides montanus Shakirjanova, Culicoides obsoletus Meigen, and Culicoides scoticus Downes & Kettle. This tool will be useful in defining both the vector role and larval biotopes of these species in Europe.