gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging tropical diseases in Australia. Part 2. Ciguatera fish poisoning (2010)

Ciguatera poisoning is a food-borne neuro-intoxication caused by consumption of finfish that have accumulated ciguatoxins in their tissues. Ciguatera is a distressing and sometimes disabling condition that presents with a self-limiting though occasionally severe gastro-intestinal illness, progressing to a suite of aberrant sensory symptoms. Recovery can take from days to years; second and subsequent attacks may manifest in a more severe illness. Ciguatera remains largely a pan-tropical disease, although tourism and export fish markets facilitate increased presentation in temperate latitudes. While ciguatera poisoning in the South Pacific was recognised and eloquently described by seafarers in the 18th Century, it remains a public-health challenge in the 21st Century because there is neither a confirmatory diagnostic test nor a reliable, low-cost screening method to ascertain the safety of suspect fish prior to consumption. A specific antidote is not available, so treatment is largely supportive. The most promising pharmacotherapy of recent decades, intravenous mannitol, has experienced a relative decline in acceptance after a randomized, double-blind trial failed to confirm its efficacy. Some questions remain unanswered, however, and the use of mannitol for the treatment of acute ciguatera poisoning arguably deserves revisiting. The immunotoxicology of ciguatera is poorly understood, and some aspects of the epidemiology and symptomatology of ciguatera warrant further enquiry.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleosides with a Carbon Bridge Between Sugar and Nucleobase: The Chemistry of 1′‐Homonucleosides and Reversed Nucleosides (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Total synthesis of (+)-jatropholone A and B (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+)-jatropholone A and BAmos B. Smith III, Nigel J. Liverton, Nicholas J. Hrib, Hariharan Sivaramakrishnan, and Kevin WinzenbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 17, 3239–3241Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00217a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00217a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impact of Bioimmuno with methisoprinol on non-specific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms and resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to experimental infection with iridovirus (2013)

The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact Bioimmuno had on the non-specific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms and resistance to experimental infection with iridovirus of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). The experiment was performed on clinically healthy African catfish weighing from 30 to 200 g. The fish were infected experimentally with iridovirus 59.90 at a dose of 10 4 TCID50 ml -1 . Bioimmuno administered at a dose of 1 kg per 50 kg of feed most effectively stimulated the responses of non-specific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms, corrected delayed immunological reactions induced by iridovirus infection, and limited mortality caused by experimental viral infection of 5-45%.
Detection of Antibodies to Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Polymers Using Double‐Antigen‐Bridging Immunogenicity ELISA (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods Results Discussion References
Optical Properties of Functional Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposites (2003)

Abstract Functional hybrids are nanocomposite materials lying at the interface of organic and inorganic realms, whose high versatility offers a wide range of possibilities to elaborate tailor‐made materials in terms of chemical and physical properties. Because they present several advantages for designing materials for optical applications (versatile and relatively facile chemistry, easy shaping and patterning, materials having good mechanical integrity and excellent optical quality), numerous silica or/and siloxane based hybrid organic–inorganic materials have been developed in the past few years. The most striking examples of functional hybrids exhibiting emission properties (solid‐state dye lasers, rare‐earth doped hybrids, electroluminescent devices), absorption properties (photochromic), nonlinear optical (NLO) properties (second‐order NLO properties, photochemical hole burning (PHB), photorefractivity), and sensing are summarized in this review.
Machine Learning based Surrogate Modeling for Wave Impedances in Rectangular Dielectric Waveguides (2023)

Even though the behavior of rectangular dielectric waveguides (RDWGs) can be evaluated accurately using numerical simulations, limited time and computational resources generally do not allow an extensive exploration of the design space. Thus, in this paper we present a way to develop a fast-to-evaluate surrogate model for the wave impedance of the fundamental mode HE<inf>11</inf> in RDWGs at frequencies between 134 and 141 GHz. To this end, gaussian process regression (GPR) with a customized covariance function as well as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and polynomial regression (PR) are applied. Compared by the mean absolute deviation (MAD), our finally proposed model shows much better agreement with numerical solutions than Maractili’s famous approximate analytical approach (MA). In contrast to MA, our approach is furthermore applicable to DWGs with arbitrary cross-sections.
Interactions of sperm perinuclear theca with the oocyte: Implications for oocyte activation, anti‐polyspermy defense, and assisted reproduction (2003)

Perinuclear theca (PT) is the cytoskeletal coat of mammalian sperm nucleus that is removed from the sperm head at fertilization. PT harbors the sperm borne, oocyte-activating factor (SOAF), a yet-to-be-characterized substance responsible for triggering the signaling cascade of oocyte activation, thought to be dependent on intra-oocyte calcium release. The present article reviews the current knowledge on the biogenesis and molecular composition of sperm PT. Possible functions of sperm PT during natural and assisted fertilization, and in the initiation of embryonic development are discussed. Furthermore, evidence is provided that SOAF is transferred from the sperm PT to oocyte cytoplasm through the internalization and rapid solubilization of the post-acrosomal PT. It is shown that during natural fertilization the sperm PT dissolves in the oocyte cytoplasm concomitantly with sperm nuclear decondensation and the initiation of pronuclear development. SOAF activity is preserved in the differentially extracted sperm heads only if the integrity of PT is maintained. After intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), activation occurs only in those oocytes in which the injected spermatozoon displays complete or partial dissolution of PT. In the latter case, the residual PT of the sub-acrosomal and/or post-acrosomal sperm region may persist on the apical surface of the sperm nucleus/male pronucleus and may cause a delay or arrest of zygotic development. We propose that the sperm PT harbors SOAF in the post-acrosomal sheath, as this is the first part of the sperm cytosol to enter the oocyte cytoplasm and its disassembly appears sufficient to initiate the early events of oocyte activation. Dissolution of the sub-acrosomal part of the PT, on the other hand, appears necessary to insure complete DNA decondensation in the internalized sperm nucleus and initiate DNA synthesis of both pronuclei. The release of the SOAF from the sperm head into oocyte cytoplasm at fertilization ultimately leads to the activation of oocyte mechanism including the completion of the meiotic cell cycle, pronuclear development and anti-polyspermy defense.
Genetic Factors Influencing Adverse Effects of Mesotrione and Nicosulfuron on Sweet Corn Yield (2010)

Sensitivity to certain P450‐metabolized herbicides in corn ( Zea mays L.) is largely conditioned by a single cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene. Little to no research has been done to evaluate the effect of CYP genotype on sweet corn yield. Yield of 23 sweet corn hybrids of known CYP genotype was evaluated in 2007, 2008, and 2009 following postemergence applications of mesotrione, an hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor, or nicosulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, at two growth stages. Mesotrione and nicosulfuron were evaluated in separate experiments. Treatments included herbicide application during the V3 to V5 or V5 to V7 growth stages and a nontreated control. Crop injury, measured 7 d after treatment (DAT), ranged from 0 to 87% for mesotrione and 0 to 54% for nicosulfuron among CYP genotypes. Injury from both mesotrione and nicosulfuron was most severe following application during V3 to V5 growth stages on hybrids with mutant (i.e., nonfunctional) cyp alleles. Only hybrids homozygous for mutant cyp alleles (i.e., cypcyp ) suffered yield losses from mesotrione, ranging from 9 to 40%. These hybrids were not evaluated for nicosulfuron because applications of ALS‐inhibiting herbicides kill cypcyp hybrids. Nicosulfuron reduced the yield of CYPcyp hybrids only; whereas mesotrione did not. Yield losses from nicosulfuron ranged from 9 to 35% among CYPcyp hybrids and were associated with moderate to severe loss of kernel rows (i.e., ear pinching). Yield of CYPCYP hybrids was not affected by mesotrione or nicosulfuron.
Immunologic Control of Mus musculus Papillomavirus Type 1 (2015)

Persistent papillomas developed in ~10% of out-bred immune-competent SKH-1 mice following MusPV1 challenge of their tail, and in a similar fraction the papillomas were transient, suggesting potential as a model. However, papillomas only occurred in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice depleted of T cells with anti-CD3 antibody, and they completely regressed within 8 weeks after depletion was stopped. Neither CD4+ nor CD8+ T cell depletion alone in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice was sufficient to permit visible papilloma formation. However, low levels of MusPV1 were sporadically detected by either genomic DNA-specific PCR analysis of local skin swabs or in situ hybridization of the challenge site with an E6/E7 probe. After switching to CD3+ T cell depletion, papillomas appeared upon 14/15 of mice that had been CD4+ T cell depleted throughout the challenge phase, 1/15 of CD8+ T cell depleted mice, and none in mice without any prior T cell depletion. Both control animals and those depleted with CD8-specific antibody generated MusPV1 L1 capsid-specific antibodies, but not those depleted with CD4-specific antibody prior to T cell depletion with CD3 antibody. Thus, normal BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice eliminate the challenge dose, whereas infection is suppressed but not completely cleared if their CD4 or CD8 T cells are depleted, and recrudescence of MusPV1 is much greater in the former following treatment with CD3 antibody, possibly reflecting their failure to generate capsid antibody. Systemic vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with DNA vectors expressing MusPV1 E6 or E7 fused to calreticulin elicits potent CD8 T cell responses and these immunodominant CD8 T cell epitopes were mapped. Adoptive transfer of a MusPV1 E6-specific CD8+ T cell line controlled established MusPV1 infection and papilloma in RAG1-knockout mice. These findings suggest the potential of immunotherapy for HPV-related disease and the importance of host immunogenetics in the outcome of infection.
Development of Water Content Control System for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles Based on AC Impedance (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Toyota has been developing fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHV) since 1992 and is currently working to resolve issues that remain for commercialization. This research focused on one of the main issues for fuel cells (FC), namely water content of the electrolyte membrane, to develop a FC water content control system based on AC impedance measurement. Adopting this control system in the FCHV resolved the issue of reduced efficiency caused by FC membrane dry-out, and makes it possible to start up the FCHV in temperatures down to -30°C by performing appropriate water content control for freezing environments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Backbone motions in a crystalline protein from field-dependent 2H-NMR relaxation and line-shape analysis (2000)

We have used 2H-nmr to study backbone dynamics of the 2H-labeled, slowly exchanging amide sites of fully hydrated, crystalline hen egg white lysozyme. Order parameters are determined from the residual quadrupole coupling and values increase from S2 = 0.85 at 290 K to S2 = 0.94 at 200 K. Dynamical rates are determined from spin–lattice relaxation at three nmr frequencies (38.8, 61.5, and 76.7 MHz). The approach used here is thus distinct from solution nmr studies where dynamical amplitudes and rates are both determined from relaxation measurements. At temperatures below 250 K, relaxation is independent of the nmr frequency indicating that backbone motions are fast compared to the nmr frequencies. However, as the temperature is increased above 250 K, relaxation is significantly more efficient at the lowest frequency, which shows, in addition, the presence of motions that are slow compared to the nmr frequencies. Using the values of S2 determined from the residual quadrupole coupling and a model-free relaxation formalism that allows for fast and slow internal motions, we conclude that these slow motions have correlation times in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 μs and are effectively frozen out at 250 K where fast motions of the amide planes with ∼ 15 ps effective correlation times and 9° rms amplitudes dominate relaxation. The fast internal motions increase slightly in amplitude as the temperature rises toward 290 K, but the correlation time, as is also observed in solution nmr studies of RNase H, is approximately constant. These findings are consistent with hypotheses of dynamic glass transitions in hydrated proteins arising from temperature-dependent damping of harmonic modes of motion above the transition point. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 53: 9–18, 2000
Isolation of Previously Uncultured Slow-Growing Bacteria by Using a Simple Modification in the Preparation of Agar Media (2018)

Most microorganisms living in the environment have yet to be cultured, owing at least in part to their slow and poor propagation properties and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our previous studies demonstrated that a simple modification in the preparation of agar media, i.e., autoclaving the phosphate and agar separately (termed "PS" medium), can greatly improve the culturability of microorganisms by mitigating oxidative stress compared with the use of "PT" medium (autoclaving the phosphate and agar together). Here, we attempted to isolate phylogenetically novel bacteria by combining PS medium with prolonged cultivation. After inoculation with forest soil or pond sediment samples, significantly more colonies appeared on PS medium than on PT medium. A total of 98 and 74 colonies that emerged after more than 7 days of cultivation were isolated as slow growers from PS and PT media, respectively. Sequencing analysis of their 16S rRNA genes revealed that the slow growers recovered from PS medium included more phylogenetically novel bacteria than those from PT medium, including a strain that could be classified into a novel order in the class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Further physiological analysis of representative strains showed that they were actually slow and poor growers and formed small but visible colonies only on PS medium. This study demonstrates that the culturability of previously uncultured bacteria can be improved by using an isolation strategy that combines a simple modification in medium preparation with an extended incubation time.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Most microbial species inhabiting natural environments have not yet been isolated. One of the serious issues preventing their isolation is intrinsically slow and/or poor growth. Moreover, these slow and/or poor growers are likely to be highly sensitive to environmental stresses, especially oxidative stress. We reported previously that interaction between agar and phosphate during autoclave sterilization generates hydrogen peroxide, which adversely affects the culturability of environmental microorganisms, in particular, slow-growing organisms vulnerable to oxidative stress. In this study, we successfully isolated many slow-growing bacterial strains with phylogenetic novelty by simply modifying their cultivation on agar plates, i.e., autoclaving the phosphate and agar separately. The current limited repertoire of culture techniques still has room for improvement in the isolation of microorganisms previously considered unculturable.
Production of polyhydroxybutyrate in switchgrass (2023)

Transgenic plants, plant material, and plant cells for synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates, preferably poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (also referred to a as PHB) are provided. Preferred plants that can be genetically engineered to produce PHB include plants that do not normally produce storage products such as oils and carbohydrates, and plants that have a C.sub.4 NAD-malic enzyme photosynthetic pathway. Such plants also advantageously produce lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted into biofuels. An exemplary plant that can be genetically engineered to produce PHB and produce lignocellulosic biomass is switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. A preferred cultivar of switchgrass is Alamo. Other suitable cultivars of switchgrass include but are not limited to Blackwell, Kanlow, Nebraska 28, Pathfinder, Cave-in-Rock, Shelter and Trailblazer.
Effects of diet and torpor on skeletal muscle relaxation in hibernating animals (2020)

Arctic ground squirrels (AGS) undergo extreme temperature fluctuations during the hibernation season (body temperature, T b , as low as −3 °C), where they mostly remain physically inactive. During interbout arousals, once T b reaches ~16°C, hibernators recruit skeletal muscle (SkM) for shivering thermogenesis to attain T b of ~37°C. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to affect both SkM function and metabolism. Recent studies in cardiac muscle of hibernators have shown an increased level of ω‐6 in ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA ratio are correlated to sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca‐ATPase (SERCA) activity with respect to torpor and hibernation status. SERCA catalyzes the re‐uptake of Ca 2+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which was previously bound to actin/myosin filaments thus completing the calcium cycle and eliciting muscle relaxation. We hypothesized that diet (increased ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA ratios) and torpor status play essential roles in the regulation of the SERCA pump, which may improve SkM performance during hibernation. An Ex‐vivo functional assay was used to characterize performance alterations in SkM (diaphragm) collected from AGS fed the following diets (ω‐6:ω‐3, 5:1 control diet versus ω‐6:ω‐3, 1:1 test diet) and collected at 3 timepoints of torpor (early torpor, late torpor, and arousal). Additionally, the muscles were assessed for their response to hypothermic temperature stress (4 °C; 15 °C; 25 °C and 37 °C) to determine functional resilience. To our knowledge this is the first study correlating torpor status, diet, and effects of hypothermic temperature stress on SkM functional performance in hibernators (AGS). Data suggest: 1) diet and torpor significantly alter relaxation kinetics (calcium re‐absorption), but not force development (rate of calcium release), and 2) diet, torpor status, and inherent temperature resilience (4°C; 15°C) affect the muscles ability to produce force. This evidence supports the interpretation that functional properties of SkM can be altered by membrane lipid composition, ambient temperature, and hibernation status to control performance. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the INBRE IDeA Faculty Pilot Grant (University of Alaska Fairbanks ) from NIH NIGMS grant number P20GM103395.
Peritrophic membrane structure and formation of larvalTrichoplusia niwith an investigation on the secretion patterns of a PM mucin (1999)

Peritrophic membrane or matrix (PM) secretion and formation patterns were examined in the cabbage looper larvae (Trichoplusia ni[Hubner]) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PM first became visible in the lumen between tips of the microvilli and the stomodeal valves as a single layered fibrous structure that became more compact in appearance in the middle and posterior mesenteron. In the anterior mesenteron, nascent PM was visible within the brush border as a fibrous linear structure that contained both the major PM matrix protein, invertebrate intestinal mucin (IIM) and chitin-containing structures. Even though delamination events were confined to the anterior mesenteron, IIM was secreted by columnar epithelial cells throughout the length of the mesenteron. SEM of the midgut epithelium revealed PM covering individual epithelial cells.
Metarhizium anisopliae for biocontrol of sugarbeet root maggot: constraints, challenges, and overall potential. (2005)

Bluehost - Top rated web hosting provider - Free 1 click installs For blogs, shopping carts, and more. Get a free domain name, real NON-outsourced 24/7 support, and superior speed. web hosting provider php hosting cheap web hosting, Web hosting, domain names, front page hosting, email hosting. We offer affordable hosting, web hosting provider business web hosting, ecommerce hosting, unix hosting. Phone support available, Free Domain, and Free Setup.
Four-Wave Mixing in a High-Q Aluminum Oxide Microcavity on Silicon (2018)

We demonstrate Q factors of &gt; 106 and parametric frequency conversion in Al2O3 micro-trench resonators co-integrated with Si3N4 waveguides on silicon. Under 1550-nm pumping we show oscillation at wavelengths ranging from 1135 to 2445 nm.
Operations on Spaces of Information (2009)

Space-based computing environments are based around numerous, discrete sets of information with internal reasoning, interaction and semantics. These spaces of information can be treated as first-class entities and thus have direct interactions between themselves as spaces. We develop and formalise a simple set of base operations between individual spaces that preserves the integrity of the information contained within those spaces through larger grained semantic structures (eg: RDF molecules) and historical information about past interactions. We then show how this forms the basis of extended and possible-world queries and how such features are manifested in common scenarios.