gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The clinical and pathological history of prostate cancer progression in men with a prior history of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. (2008)

Patients with an initial diagnosis of HGPIN on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy progressed to cancer at a mean of 29 months. The vast majority of patients that progressed to prostate cancer had low volume disease at the time of diagnosis and definitive treatment. Our data indicate the importance of re-evaluation in HGPIN patients and suggest a trend toward low volume disease in carefully followed patients. Prospective data is warranted to adequately define an evidence based biopsy regimen in men with HGPIN.
Characterization of two antifungal endochitinases from barley grain (1990)

A basic chitinase (chitinase T, EC 3.2.1.14, molecular mass 33 kDa, pI 9.8) was isolated and compared with a previously described chitinase (chitinase C, molecular mass 28 kDa, pI 9.7). The two chitinases were isolated in homogeneous form from barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Bomi mutant 1508 grains either by two cation exchange steps or by one affinity step followed by cation exchange. Both chitinases are endochitinases with specific activities of 168 and 54 nkat (mg protein) −1 for chitinase T and chitinase C, respectively. Both inhibit the growth of Trichoderma viride efficiently. The lysozyme activity of both chitinases is 10 4 times lower than that of hen egg‐white lysozyme as measured by lysis of cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus . The amino acid composition and two partial amino acid sequences of chitinase T were determined. A 23 residue sequence of the N‐terminal domain of chitinase T, which was not present in chitinase C, showed 73% identity with domain B of wheat germ lectin and 65% identity with the N‐terminal domain of an endochitinase from bean leaves (deduced from cDNA). A 9 amino acid sequence of a cyanogen bromide fragment of chitinase T was identical with a cDNA deduced sequence of a barley aleurone endochitinase but differed in one residue from chitinase C. Generally, the two grain chitinases have physico‐chemical and enzymatic properties similar to the plant leaf chitinases characterized. Both chitinases are localized in the aleurone layer and starchy endosperm of developing and germinating grain, but not in the embryo. The appearance of chitinases T and C at a late state of grain development suggests a role for these enzymes as a defense against fungi in the quiescent and germinating grain.
`Secretory IgA and course of COVID-19 in patients receiving a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent in addition to background therapy (2022)

Abstract Scientific Relevance: Mucosal immunity plays a major role not only in the prevention but probably also in the outcome of COVID-19. An enhanced production of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) might contribute to the activation of the immune response mechanisms. Study Objective: To assess the levels of sIgA produced by epithelial cells in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa and those measured in salivary gland secretions and to study the course of COVID-19 following the intranasal or subcutaneous administration of a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent. Materials and Methods: This study included 69 patients, aged between 18 and 60, who had moderate COVID-19 infection. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (control group) included 39 patients who received only background therapy, and Group 2 was made up of 30 patients who received background therapy in combination with the Immunovac VP4 vaccine, a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent, which was given for 11 days starting from the day of admission to hospital. The levels of sIgA were measured by ELISA in nasal epithelial swabs, pharyngeal swabs, and salivary gland secretions at baseline and on days 14 and 30. Results: The convalescence phase of moderate COVID-19 was associated with a decrease in sIgA levels in nasal swabs, persistently high sIgA levels in salivary gland secretions, and no changes in pharyngeal swabs with the levels similar to those in healthy subjects. The addition of an immunostimulant agent to combination therapy for patients with COVID-19 stimulates the production of sIgA in the nasal and pharyngeal compartments, reduces C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and shortens the duration of fever and the length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Using an immunomodulatory agent containing bacterial ligands in therapy for COVID-19 patients enhances the production of sIgA in the nasal and pharyngeal compartments and improves the course of the disease.
Diamond debugger demo: Rete-based processing of linked data (2012)

Abstract. Diamond is a Rete match based system that evaluates SPARQL queries on Linked Data. The evaluation of SPARQL query predicates is a useful intermediate milestone for a system ultimately intended to support full rule-based inference on Linked Data. A byproduct is the integrated graphical rule debugging environment is a first of its kind debug environment for SPARQL queries.
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide photovoltaic modules manufactured by reactive transfer (2010)

In recent years, thin-film photovoltaic companies, especially First Solar with its CdTe technology, managed to realize the low manufacturing cost potential and to grab an increasingly larger market share. Copper Indium Gallium Selenide is the most promising thin-film PV material, having demonstrated the highest energy conversion efficiency in both cells and modules. However, most CIGS manufacturers still face the challenge of delivering a reliable and rapid manufacturing process that can scale effectively and deliver on the promise of this material system. HelioVolt has developed a reactive transfer process for CIGS absorber formation that has the benefits of good compositional control, and a fast high-quality CIGS reaction. The reactive transfer process is a two stage CIGS fabrication method. Precursor films are deposited onto substrates and reusable print plates in the first stage, while in the second stage, the CIGS layer is formed by rapid heating with Se confinement. High quality CIGS films with large grains have been demonstrated on the production line. With 14% cell efficiency and 12% module efficiency, HelioVolt started to commercialize the process on its first 20 MW production line.
Copper‐Catalyzed Imination of Pyridines Using PhI=NTs as Nitrene Precursors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Three-Phase AC-DC-AC Sparse Matrix Converter Part I: Derivation, Basic Principle of Operation, Space Vector Modulation, Dimensioning (2002)

A novel three-phase AC-DC-AC Sparse Matrix Converter (SMC) having no energy storage elements in the DC link and employing only 15 IGBTs as opposed to 18 IGBTs of a functionally equivalent conventional AC-AC matrix converter (CMC) is pro- posed. It is shown that the realization effort could be further reduced to only 9 IGBTs (Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter, USMC) in case the phase displacement of the fundamentals of voltage and current at the input and at the output is limited to ±π/6. The dependency of the voltage and current transfer ratios of the systems on the operating parameters is analyzed and a space vector modulation scheme is described in combination with a zero current commutation proce- dure. Furthermore, a safe multi-step current commutation concept is treated briefly. Conduction and switching losses of the SMC and USMC are calculated in analytically closed form. Finally, the theoretical results are verified in Part II of the paper by digital simulations and results of a first experimental investigation of a 10kW/400V SMC prototype are given.
1.92 Mbps data transmission experiments over a coherent W-CDMA mobile radio link (2002)

Experimental results of 1.92 Mbps data transmission over a 20 MHz wideband DS-CDMA (W-CDMA) mobile radio link under frequency selective multipath fading are presented. The 1.92 Mbps data was transmitted using an orthogonal multicode transmission scheme. The combined use of antenna diversity reception, RAKE combining, and concatenated channel coding is applied to improve the transmission performance. The laboratory and field experimental results demonstrated the possibility of 2 Mbps data transmission under a real fading environment.
A shape-space-based approach to tracking myocardial borders and quantifying regional left-ventricular function applied in echocardiography (2002)

This paper presents a new semi-automatic method for quantifying regional heart function from two-dimensional echocardiography. In the approach, we first track the endocardial and epicardial boundaries using a new variant of the dynamic snake approach. The tracked borders are then decomposed into clinically meaningful regional parameters, using a novel interpretational shape-space motivated by the 16-segment model used in clinical practice for qualitative assessment of heart function. We show how a quantitative and automatic scoring scheme for the endocardial excursion and myocardial thickening can be derived from this. Results illustrating our approach on apical long-axis two-chamber-view data from a patient with a myocardial infarct in the apical anterior/inferior region of the heart are presented. In a case study (five patients, nine data sets) the performance of the tracking and interpretation techniques are compared with manual delineations of borders using a number of quantitative measures of regional comparison.
Highly Pure Synthesis, Spectral Assignments, and Two‐Photon Properties of Cruciform Porphyrin Pentamers Fused with Benzene Units (2010)

Tetrameric porphyrin formation of 2-hydroxymethylpyrrole fused with porphyrins through a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene unit gave bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused porphyrin pentamers. Thermal conversion of the pentamers gave fully pi-conjugated cruciform porphyrin pentamers fused with benzene units in quantitative yields. UV/Vis spectra of fully pi-conjugated porphyrin pentamers showed one very strong Q absorption and were quite different from those of usual porphyrins. From TD-DFT calculations, the HOMO level is 0.49 eV higher than the HOMO-1 level. The LUMO and LUMO+1 levels are very close and are lower by more than 0.27 eV than those of other unoccupied MOs. The strong Q absorption was interpreted as two mutually orthogonal single-electron transitions (683 nm: 86 %, HOMO-->LUMO; 680 nm: 86 %, HOMO-->LUMO+1). The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section value (sigma((2))) of the benzene-fused porphyrin pentamer was estimated to be 3900 GM at 1500 nm, which is strongly correlated with a cruciform molecular structure with multidirectional pi-conjugation pathways.
Renal epithelial cells constitutively produce a protein that blocks adhesion of crystals to their surface (2004)

Attachment of newly formed crystals to renal tubular epithelial cells appears to be a critical step in the development of kidney stones. The present study was undertaken to identify autocrine factors released from renal epithelial cells into the culture medium that inhibit adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to the cell surface. A 39-kDa glycoprotein that is constitutively secreted by renal cells was purified by gel filtration chromatography. Amino acid microsequencing revealed that it is novel and not structurally related to known inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization. Hence, it was named crystal adhesion inhibitor, or CAI. Immunoreactive CAI was detected in diverse rat tissues, including kidney, heart, pancreas, liver, and testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CAI is present in the renal cell cytosol and is also on the plasma membrane. Importantly, CAI is present in normal human urine, from which it can be purified using calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal affinity chromatography. CAI could be an important defense against crystal attachment to tubular cells and the subsequent development of renal stones in vivo.
Supplementary Material Legends from Tumor-Associated Hyaluronan Limits Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy (2023)

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Cellular Replication and the Persistence of Inducible RNA Type C Viruses (1974)

Cells of mouse and rat origin contain endogenous type C viruses. There are intrinsic regulatory factors which restrict the ability of different classes of these inducible viruses to persist in cells after chemical activation. The cellular block to certain viruses is shown to be overcome under conditions in which the virus-activated cells are allowed continued exponential growth. These findings may help to explain the high frequency at which replicating type C viruses are detectable in naturally occurring tumors of some species.
“Constrained Geometry” Dialkyl Catalysts. Efficient Syntheses, C−H Bond Activation Chemistry, Monomer−Dimer Equilibration, and α-Olefin Polymerization Catalysis (1997)

This contribution reports an efficient synthesis of the “constrained geometry” group 4 dibenzyl complexes Me2Si(η5-Me4C5)(tBuN)MR2 (CGCMR2, where R = CH2Ph; M = Ti (1), Zr (2)), as well as the substantially different reaction patterns in the cocatalytic activation of the R = CH2Ph and Me complexes with B(C6F5)3, PBB (tris(2,2‘,2‘‘-perfluorobiphenyl)borane), and Ph3C+B(C6F5)4-. The resulting cationic complexes are highly but not equivalently active for α-olefin polymerization and copolymerization catalysis. The reaction of the neutral free ligand CGCH2 with Ti(CH2Ph)4 in aromatic or saturated hydrocarbon solvents at 60 °C cleanly affords 1 in 90% yield, while the corresponding reaction with Zr(CH2Ph)4 produces 2 in lower yield. When activated with Ph3C+B(C6F5)4- at low temperatures, 2 generates cationic CGCZrCH2Ph+ B(C6F5)4- (4). However, unlike the corresponding metallocene dibenzyl, the cationic derivative of which (Cp2ZrCH2Ph+B(C6F5)4- (3)) can be isolated in quantitative yield, the reaction of 1 with B(C6F5)3 and Ph3C+B(C6F5)4- affords intramolecular C−H metalation products Me2Si(η5,η1-C5Me3CH2)(tBuN)Ti+[ηn-PhCH2B(C6F5)3]- (5) and Me2Si(η5,η1-C5Me3CH2)(tBuN)Ti+B(C6F5)4- (6), respectively. In contrast, the reaction of CGCTiMe2 with B(C6F5)3 cleanly generates CGCTiCH3+CH3B(C6F5)3- (8) without C−H bond activation as well as dinuclear [CGCTiMe(μ-Me)MeTiCGC]+MeB(C6F5)3- (11), which is in equilibrium with 8 and CGCTiMe2 (ΔG298K = 1.3(2) kcal/mol in favor of 8). The reaction of CGCTiMe2 with sterically encumbered PBB and Ph3C+B(C6F5)4- yields predominantly cationic dinuclear species, and analytically pure [CGCTiMe(μ-Me)MeTiCGC]+[MePBB]- (9) can be isolated in quantitative yield. Complexes 5 and 6 are highly active homogeneous catalysts for ethylene and propylene polymerization, producing ultra-high molecular weight (Mw > 106) polyethylenes with high melting transition temperatures (Tm = 142 °C), as well as syndiotactic-enriched atactic polypropylenes having appreciable molecular weights. Although C−H bond-activated complexes 5 and 6 are ineffective for ethylene and 1-hexene copolymerization, the CGCTi(CH2Ph)2/MAO system is highly active at 60 °C to incorporate 1-hexene in large quantities (69.9%). Finally, comparisons of polymerization catalysts bearing different counteranions at various temperatures demonstrate the substantial influence of anion identity on α-olefin polymerization activity, catalyst stability, and product polymer microstructure.
Porcine Skin-Derived Stem Cells Can Serve as Donor Cells for Nuclear Transfer (2009)

Although transgenic animal production through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been successful, the process is still inefficient. One major limitation is the use of somatic donor cells that have a finite life span. Identification and isolation of a cell type capable of rapid proliferation while possessing immortal or prolonged life span in culture and is capable of being genetically modified would be very valuable for utilization in the production of genetically modified pigs. Here we report the birth of live piglets after cloning by using porcine skin-derived stem cells (SSC) as a donor cell type. In the present study, cell cycle analysis indicates that the porcine SSC proliferate rapidly in vitro. The porcine SSC are capable of producing live offspring and can be genetically modified with positive selection. Utilization of porcine SSC may prove to be an excellent cell type for genetic modification followed by nuclear transfer for the production of transgenic pigs.
Combining HC-SCR over Ag/Al2O3 and hydrogen generation over Rh/CeO2-ZrO2 using bio-fuels: an integrated system approach for real applications (2014)

We report on a high NOxreduction activity over Ag/Al2O3catalysts, using hydrogen produced in a fuelreformer. The focus of the study is to evaluate the performance of a hydrocarbon selective catalyticreduction (HC-SCR) catalyst in real conditions. Initially, the catalytic materials for the fuel reformer(Rh/CeO2-ZrO2) and the HC-SCR (Ag/Al2O3) were evaluated in separate bench-scale reactor setups. Thesetwo setups were subsequently joined into an integrated bench-scale reactor setup with the aim to evalu-ate the influence of the reformate on the HC-SCR activity in a controlled environment. In the final phase ofthe study a 4 wt.% Ag/Al2O3catalyst doped with 100 ppm(w) Pt was scaled up and tested in a pilot-scalereactor setup. The pilot-scale reactor setup enabled evaluation of the HC-SCR activity in real exhaustgases generated by a single cylinder engine (genset) together with a hydrogen-rich gas supplied froma fuel reformer. Commercial biodiesel (NExBTL) was used as reducing agent for the HC-SCR as well asfuel in the fuel reformer for both the bench-scale and pilot-scale experiments. This study gives an excel-lent link between evaluations of the catalytic materials, controlled bench-scale experiments and appliedengine experiments, proving a viable concept for lean NOxreduction together with onboard hydrogenproduction. A NOxconversion of above 70% was reached at temperatures below 250◦C, in bench-scaleexperiments when hydrogen produced in the fuel reformer is added.
An integrated control strategy for electric road vehicles equipped with fuel cells (2004)

Nowadays there is an increasing interest in road vehicles with no emissions, with special application to urban transport systems, either public or private. In this scenario, electric vehicles equipped with fuel cell systems are being more developed. Despite this, the state of the art in fuel cells manufacturing presents some operative problems not solved in using fuel cells. Because of these problems there is the necessity to use either an electronic device at the output of the fuel cells or an auxiliary power device. A power plant for electric road vehicles, equipped with fuel cells, is considered. The optimal configuration of the system, by using batteries as auxiliary energy source, has been analyzed. The whole system has been dimensioned for a particular application and has been modeled for the implementation of numerical simulation. An integrated control strategy is proposed to manage all the components of the system to obtain a voltage control and the regulation of the load network. The proposed control strategy is implemented in simulation and the results are discussed considering the system response to power load request. Moreover, by using components of industrial production, an easy and cheap solution of the problem of voltage drop on the AC network is defined.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of mitochondrial:lipid association in the porcine oocyte (2006)

The role of endogenous lipid in the provision of energy during in vitro maturation of immature porcine oocytes has been studied. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptor bleaching methods have been used to examine mitochondrial:lipid droplet co-localisation in live oocytes. FRET experiments demonstrate whether organelles are within the FRET-distance (i.e. 6-10 nm), thus showing true association on a molecular scale. Immature and in vitro-matured porcine oocytes were stained with Mitotracker Green (MTG; mitochondria) and Nile Red (NR; lipid droplets). The data indicated sufficient overlap between MTG emission and NR excitation to support a FRET reaction and that mitochondria and lipid droplets were sufficiently co-localised for a FRET reaction to occur. When NR-stained lipid droplets were specifically bleached, a significant increase in the MTG signal in stained mitochondria was observed (FRET efficiency, E=22.2 +/- 3.18%). These results strongly suggest a metabolic role for lipid metabolism during oocyte maturation. This conclusion was reinforced by the use of inhibitors of fatty acid beta-oxidation, methyl palmoxirate or mercaptoacetate, exposure to which during oocyte maturation led to developmental failure post-fertilisation. These data provide strong evidence that MTG and NR can act as a FRET pair and that in porcine oocytes, mitochondria and lipid droplets lie within 6-10 nm of each other, indicating association on a molecular scale. The findings also suggest that endogenous triglycerides play an important role in energy metabolism during porcine in vitro maturation.
Integrative analyses for the identification of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-associated genes and shared loci with other diseases (2022)

Our integrative analysis identified new genes for IPF susceptibility and expanded the understanding of the complex genetic architecture and disease mechanism of IPF.
Toward practical encrypted email that supports private, regular-expression searches (2014)

In this paper, we develop a protocol to enable private regular-expression searches on encrypted data stored at a $$\mathsf {server}$$ . A novelty of the protocol lies in allowing a user to securely delegate an encrypted search query to a $$\mathsf {proxy}$$ , which interacts with the $$\mathsf {server}$$ where the user’s data are stored encrypted to produce the search result for the user. The privacy of the query and the data are both provably protected against an arbitrarily malicious $$\mathsf {server}$$ and an honest-but-curious $$\mathsf {proxy}$$ under rigorous security definitions. We then detail a series of optimizations to our initial design that achieve an order-of-magnitude performance improvement over the original protocol. We demonstrate the practicality of the resulting protocol through measurements of private regular-expression searches on a real-world email dataset.
Interlaboratory Study (ILS) on the Standard Test Method for Measuring Grid Line Slope (GLS) in Aerospace Transparencies (2001)

Abstract : When an observer looks through an aerospace transparency, relative optical distortion may result, specifically in thick, highly angled, multi-layered plastic parts. Distortion occurs in all transparencies but is especially critical to aerospace applications such as combat and commercial aircraft windscreens, canopies and cabin windows. This is especially true during certain operations such as takeoff, landing and aerial refueling. It is critical to be able to quantify optical distortion for procurement activities. The test method covers apparatus and procedures that are suitable for measuring the grid line slope (GLS) of transparent parts including those that are small or large, thin or thick, flat or curved, or already installed. This ILS determined the test method's measurement precision.