gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The link between homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in chronic kidney disease. (2021)

Patients with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease experience tremendous cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular events are the leading causes of death in these patient populations, thus the interest in non-traditional risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, folic acid and vitamin B12 metabolism is growing. Hyperhomocysteinemia is commonly found in CKD patients because of impaired renal metabolism and reduced renal excretion. Folic acid, the synthetic form of vitamin B9, is critical in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine like vitamin B12. Folic acid has also been shown to improve endothelial function without lowering homocysteine, suggesting an alternative explanation for the effect of folic acid on endothelial function. Whether hyperhomocysteinemia represents a reliable marker of cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular mortality or a therapeutic target in this population remains unclear. However, it is reasonable to consider folic acid with or without methylcobalamin supplementation as appropriate adjunctive therapy in patients with CKD. The purpose of this review is to summarize the characteristics of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 metabolism, the mechanism of vascular damage, and the outcome of vitamin supplementation on hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with CKD, ESRD, dialysis treatment, and in kidney transplant recipients.
Effect of Additives on Shape Evolution during Electrodeposition (2008)

Experimental observations are reported on the range of compositions and geometries for which void-free "superfilling" of rectangular trenches occurs during copper electrodeposition from acid sulfate solutions containing poly(ethylene glycol), chloride, bis(sodium sulfopropyl)disulfide, and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidine-thione. Observations were compared with predictions made with a model that included 17 species and reaction intermediates that participated in a network of 15 surface reactions as well as surface diffusion, and three homogeneous reactions. The numerical algorithm was designed to handle stiffness arising from reaction terms and computational efficiency required for interface movement. Accurately estimated values of the most sensitive model parameters were used to carry out simulations of shape evolution. One assumption was needed to bring the model into agreement with experimental trends for the "window" of superfilling conditions over the range investigated experimentally. Numerical results were found to track behavior typically observed during superfilling, such as an incubation period, bottom-up acceleration, and bump formation. Predictions of the distribution of adsorbed species during trench infill support the interpretation that superfilling arises from generation of a catalytic accelerator species within the trench in the presence of transport-limited competitive adsorption of suppressor and inhibitor additives.
Pyomelanin Synthesis in Alternaria alternata Inhibits DHN-Melanin Synthesis and Decreases Cell Wall Chitin Content and Thickness (2021)

The genus <i>Alternaria</i> includes several of fungi that are darkly pigmented by DHN-melanin. These are pathogenic to plants but are also associated with human respiratory allergic diseases and with serious infections in immunocompromised individuals. The present work focuses on the alterations of the composition and structure of the hyphal cell wall of <i>Alternaria alternata</i> occuring under the catabolism of L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine when cultured in minimal salt medium (MM). Under these growing conditions, we observed the released of a brown pigment into the culture medium. FTIR analysis demonstrates that the produced pigment is chemically identical to the pigment released when the fungus is grown in MM with homogentisate acid (HGA), the intermediate of pyomelanin, confirming that this pigment is pyomelanin. In contrast to other fungi that also synthesize pyomelanin under tyrosine metabolism, <i>A. alternata</i> inhibits DHN-melanin cell wall accumulation when pyomelanin is produced, and this is associated with reduced chitin cell wall content. When <i>A. alternata</i> is grown in MM containing L-phenylalanine, a L-tyrosine percursor, pyomelanin is synthesized but only at trace concentrations and <i>A. alternata</i> mycelia display an albino-like phenotype since DHN-melanin accumulation is inhibited. CmrA, the transcription regulator for the genes coding for the DHN-melanin pathway, is involved in the down-regulation of DHN-melanin synthesis when pyomelanin is being synthetized, since the <i>CMRA</i> gene and genes of the enzymes involved in DHN-melanin synthesis pathway showed a decreased expression. Other amino acids do not trigger pyomelanin synthesis and DHN-melanin accumulation in the cell wall is not affected. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy show that the cell wall structure and surface decorations are altered in L-tyrosine- and L-phenylalanine-grown fungi, depending on the pigment produced. In summary, growth in presence of L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine leads to pigmentation and cell wall changes, which could be relevant to infection conditions where these amino acids are expected to be available.
Chemical modification of arginine by nitromalondialdehyde. Synthesis and properties of δ-(5-nitro-2-pyrimidyl)ornithyl derivatives (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical modification of arginine by nitromalondialdehyde. Synthesis and properties of δ-(5-nitro-2-pyrimidyl)ornithyl derivativesAngelo Signor, Gian M. Bonora, Laura Biondi, Dino Nisato, Armando Marzotto, and Ernesto ScoffoneCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 14, 2748–2752Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00790a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00790a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multimodal Microscopy Image Alignment Using Spatial and Shape Information and a Branch-and-Bound Algorithm (2023)

Multimodal microscopy experiments that image the same population of cells under different experimental conditions have become a widely used approach in systems and molecular neuroscience. The main obstacle is to align the different imaging modalities to obtain complementary information about the observed cell population (e.g., gene expression and calcium signal). Traditional image registration methods perform poorly when only a small subset of cells are present in both images, as is common in multimodal experiments. We cast multimodal microscopy alignment as a cell subset matching problem. To solve this non-convex problem, we introduce an <i>efficient and globally optimal branch-and-bound</i> algorithm to find subsets of point clouds that are in rotational alignment with each other. In addition, we use complementary information about cell shape and location to compute the matching likelihood of cell pairs in two imaging modalities to further prune the optimization search tree. Finally, we use the maximal set of cells in rigid rotational alignment to seed image deformation fields to obtain a final registration result. Our framework performs better than the state-of-the-art histology alignment approaches regarding matching quality and is faster than manual alignment, providing a viable solution to improve the throughput of multimodal microscopy experiments.
Reduced-complexity transmit/receive-diversity systems (2003)

We consider wireless systems with transmit and receive diversity. For reduction of complexity, we propose to use hybrid selection/maximal-ratio transmission at one link end, choosing L out of N antennas. We analyze the performance of such systems, giving analytical bounds and comparing them with computer simulations. Outage probability, symbol error probability, and capacity are shown. We demonstrate that in typical cases, a small number of used antennas L is sufficient to achieve considerable performance gains. We also analyze the influence of the number of antennas at the other link end, of fading correlation, and of channel estimation errors. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme is effective in a variety of environments.
Novel Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAPs) Elicited by Spinal Cord Stimulation (2023)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) evokes fast epidural evoked compound action potential (ECAP) that represent activity of dorsal column axons, but not necessarily a spinal circuit response. Using a multimodal approach, we identified and characterized a delayed and slower potential evoked by SCS that reflects synaptic activity within the spinal cord. Anesthetized female Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with an epidural SCS lead, epidural motor cortex stimulation electrodes, an epidural spinal cord recording lead, an intraspinal penetrating recording electrode array, and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) electrodes in the hindlimb and trunk. We stimulated the motor cortex or the epidural spinal cord and recorded epidural, intraspinal, and EMG responses. SCS pulses produced characteristic propagating ECAPs (composed of P1, N1, and P2 waves with latencies <2 ms) and an additional wave ("S1") starting after the N2. We verified the S1-wave was not a stimulation artifact and was not a reflection of hindlimb/trunk EMG. The S1-wave has a distinct stimulation-intensity dose response and spatial profile compared with ECAPs. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; a selective competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors (AMPARs)] significantly diminished the S1-wave, but not ECAPs. Furthermore, cortical stimulation, which did not evoke ECAPs, produced epidurally detectable and CNQX-sensitive responses at the same spinal sites, confirming epidural recording of an evoked synaptic response. Finally, applying 50-Hz SCS resulted in dampening of S1-wave but not ECAPs. Therefore, we hypothesize that the S1-wave is synaptic in origin, and we term the S1-wave type responses: evoked synaptic activity potentials (ESAPs). The identification and characterization of epidurally recorded ESAPs from the dorsal horn may elucidate SCS mechanisms.
Laser technologies for ultrasensitive groundwater dating using long-lived isotopes (2017)

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Profile Simulation of SU-8 Thick Film Resist (2005)

XP SU-8 3000 (hereinafter referred to as "SU-8") thick-film resist is a chemically amplified negative resist based on epoxy resin. Here, we report on the profile simulation for this resist. Profile simulation is an important technique for planning experiments. Thus, there have been many reports on simulation techniques. In particular, many studies have been conducted on chemically amplified positive resists, as they are major resist materials used in the IC industry. However, there have been few simulation studies concerning chemically amplified negative resists.Thus, we conducted studies on the two-stage PEB process for a chemically amplified negative resist and reported the results [1]. In this article, the process is modified from the previous two-stage PEB process to a single-stage PEB process, the effects of the crosslinking reaction are measured, and a simulation technique is studied.
Optical viscosity sensor using bend loss of fiber (2008)

A fluid viscosity sensor using bend loss theory is presented. The sensing principle makes use of the damping characteristic of a vibrating optical fiber probe with fix-free end configuration. By measuring the frequency response of the fiber probe, the viscosity can be determined from the displacement of the fiber. Experimental results are presented for sucrose solutions of different concentrations with a viscosity varying from 1 to 15 cP.
Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum inppcollisions ats=13  TeVusing the ATLAS detector (2016)

using the ATLAS detector
The positioning of Chi sites allows the RecBCD pathway to suppress some genomic rearrangements (2018)

Bacterial recombinational repair of double-strand breaks often begins with creation of initiating 3' single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) tails on each side of a double-strand break (DSB). Importantly, if the RecBCD pathway is followed, RecBCD creates a gap between the sequences at 3' ends of the initiating strands. The gap flanks the DSB and extends at least to the nearest Chi site on each strand. Once the initiating strands form ssDNA-RecA filaments, each ssDNA-RecA filament searches for homologous double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to use as a template for the DNA synthesis needed to fill the gap created by RecBCD. Our experimental results show that the DNA synthesis requires formation of a heteroduplex dsDNA that pairs >20 contiguous bases in the initiating strand with sequence matched bases in a strand from the original dsDNA. To trigger synthesis, the heteroduplex must be near the 3' end of the initiating strand. Those experimentally determined requirements for synthesis combined with the Chi site dependence of the function of RecBCD and the distribution of Chi sites in bacterial genomes could allow the RecBCD pathway to avoid some genomic rearrangements arising from directly induced DSBs; however, the same three factors could promote other rearrangements.
The Effect of Topical Diclofenac on Choroidal Blood Flow in Early Postoperative Pseudophakias with Regard to Cystoid Macular Edema Formation (2007)

Reduction of ChBFlow, disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier, and incidence of CME in early postsurgical pseudophakic eyes were more effectively prevented chronologically in eyes treated with diclofenac than in those treated with fluorometholone.
Robotic AeroCrete - A novel robotic spraying and surface treatment technology for the production of slender reinforced concrete elements (2019)

This research paper presents a novel method for robotic spraying of glass-fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) on a permeable reinforcement mesh. In this process, the mesh acts as a functional formwork during the concrete spraying process and as reinforcement once the concrete is cured, with the goal of producing slender reinforced concrete elements efficiently. The proof of concept presented in this paper takes inspiration from "Ferrocement" technique, developed in the 1940s by Pier Luigi Nervi (Greco, 1994) and shows how robotic spraying has the potential of producing such slender and bespoke reinforced concrete elements while also having the potential of reducing manual labour, waste and excess material. The system is coined with the name "Robotic AeroCrete" (or RAC) in reference to the use of an industrial robotic setup and the pneumatic projection of concrete.
Arthroscopic revision of failed rotator cuff repairs: technique and results (2004)

Level 4, case series (no or historical control group).
Thermal and Structural Analysis of a Suspended Physics Package for a Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (2009)

The power dissipation for chip-scale atomic clocks (CSAC) is one of the major design considerations. 12 mW of the 30 mW power budget is for temperature control of the vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and the alkali-metal vapor cell. Each of these must be maintained at 70+/−0.1°C even over large ambient temperature variations of 0–50°C. Thus the physics package of a CSAC device, which contains the vapor cell, VCSEL, and optical components, must have a very high thermal resistance, greater than 5.83°C/m W, to operate in 0°C ambient temperatures while dissipating less than 12 mW of power for heating. To create such a high level of insulation, the physics package is enclosed in a gold coated vacuum package and is suspended on a specially designed structure made from Cirlex, a type of polyimide. The thermal performance of the suspended physics package has been evaluated by measuring the total thermal resistance from a mockup package with and without an enclosure. Without an enclosure, the thermal resistance was found to be 1.07°C/m W. With the enclosure, the resistance increases to 1.71°C/m W. These two cases were modeled using finite element analysis (FEA), the results of which were found to match well with experimental measurements. A FEA model of the real design of the enclosed and suspended physics package was then modeled and was found to have a thermal resistance of 6.28°C/m W, which meets the project requirements of greater than 5.83°C/m W. The structural performance of the physics package was measured by shock-testing, a physics package mockup and recording the response with a high-speed video camera. The shock tests were modeled using dynamic FEA and were found to match well with the displacement measurements. A FEA model of the final design, not the mockup, of the physics package was created and was used to predict that the physics package will survive a 1800 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex yield stress of 49 MPa. In addition, the package will survive a 10,000 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex tensile stress of 229 MPa.
Ammonia Decomposition over Water‐Durable Hexagonal BaTiO3−xNy‐Supported Ni Catalysts (2023)

Abstract Nickel is a promising candidate as an alternative to ruthenium for an ammonia decomposition catalyst. However, the performance of Ni‐based catalysts for ammonia decomposition is still not sufficient to achieve a good hydrogen production rate under low‐temperature because the weak nitrogen affinity of Ni reduces the frequency of the ammonia decomposition reaction. Here, it is reported that Ni supported on barium titanium oxynitride (Ni/ h ‐BaTiO 3− x N y ) with a hexagonal structure acts as a highly active and water‐durable catalyst for ammonia decomposition. The operation temperature is reduced by over 140 °C when N 3− ions are substituted onto the O 2− sites of the BaTiO 3 lattice, and the Ni/ h ‐BaTiO 3− x N y catalyst significantly outperforms conventional oxide‐supported Ni catalysts for ammonia decomposition. Furthermore, the activity of Ni/ h ‐BaTiO 3− x N y remains unchanged after exposure to water. The 15 NH 3 decomposition reaction and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) measurements reveal that lattice nitrogen vacancy sites on h ‐BaTiO 3− x N y function as the active sites for ammonia decomposition. The ammonia decomposition activity of Ni/ h ‐BaTiO 3− x N y is also higher than that of the Ni/ h ‐BaTiO 3− x H y oxyhydride catalyst, making a contrast to the activity trend in ammonia synthesis.
All-photonic in-memory computing based on phase-change materials (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, co-located data storage and processing (i.e. in-memory computing) on an integrated photonic platform based on nonvolatile phase-change materials.
Inflammasomes and Atherosclerosis (2016)

Inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Inflammasomes play a crucial role in innate immunity, which mediates the body’s response to various pathogens. Of the different types of inflammasomes, NLRP3 has been implicated in atherosclerosis through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18. This review describes the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis and discusses potential therapeutic targets in the inflammasome pathway.
Recent progress in optical access and home networking standards (2023)

In the past few years there have been several significant advancements in optical networking standards for both access and home networks. These include 50 Gb/s PON, common infrastructure components, high speed bidirectional PHYs, WDM-PON, and fiber home networks. This paper will review each of these major efforts to give their status and suggest their future direction.
Investigation of point-defect cavity formed in two-dimensional photonic crystal slab with one-sided dielectric cladding (2006)

Three-missing-hole point-defect cavities formed in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab with a silicon-on-insulator structure are investigated. It is theoretically revealed that radiation loss to the SiO2-cladding side is four times higher than that to the air-cladding side due to the smaller refractive index contrast. In addition, in-plane radiation due to transverse electric-transverse magnetic (TE-TM) coupling occurs due to the vertical structural asymmetry. The amount of TE-TM coupling loss is comparable with that of radiation loss to the SiO2 cladding. Experimental results agreed well with theoretical predictions. This treatment can be applied to point-defect cavities in one-sided dielectric cladding structures and in three-dimensional configurations.
Distributed focus and digital zoom (2020)

Abstract We explore integrated microcamera focus systems for array cameras. Array cameras enable wide field of view 90° to 360° high resolution (10–100 μ rad) imaging with small exit apertures (≈10 mm). Small exit apertures enable compact focus mechanisms with fast actuators. We show that a common mechanism supports ≈f/2.5 camera modules with focal lengths ranging from 25 to 60 mm. Designs for each focal length include a fixed objective lens group and an adjustable back focus group. Increasing the focal power of the front focal group enables the travel range to accommodate long focal length systems. We present design examples for both discrete and multiscale array camera systems.