gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidized Titanium as a Gate Dielectric for Graphene Field Effect Transistors and Its Tunneling Mechanisms (2014)

We fabricate and characterize a set of dual-gated graphene field effect transistors using a novel physical vapor deposition technique in which titanium is evaporated onto the graphene channel in 10 Å cycles and oxidized in ambient to form a top-gate dielectric. A combination of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and transmission electron microscopy suggests that the titanium is oxidizing in situ to titanium dioxide. Electrical characterization of our devices yields a dielectric constant of κ = 6.9 with final mobilities above 5500 cm(2)/(V s). Low temperature analysis of the gate-leakage current in the devices gives a potential barrier of 0.78 eV in the conduction band and a trap depth of 45 meV below the conduction band.
Uncertainty in contact angle measurements from the tangent method (2016)

The uncertainty in contact angles from sessile drops measured by the tangent method was estimated using a standard error propagation technique involving partial derivatives. If contact angles are <60°, then uncertainty of the tangent method appears to be quite small,≤ ± 2°. However, as θ values approach 90°, uncertainty increases asymptotically and can exceed ±5°.
Bromocriptine use and myocardial function (2011)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplementary Table 4 from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Selects for Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells Dependent on Notch Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Selects for Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells Dependent on Notch Signaling
Numerical simulations for a quantitative analysis of AFM electrostatic nanopatterning on PMMA by Kelvin force microscopy (2010)

Electrostatic nanopatterning of electret thin films by atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as an alternative efficient tool for the directed assembly of nano-objects on surfaces. High-resolution charge imaging of such charge patterns can be performed by AFM-based Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). Nevertheless, quantitative analysis of KFM surface potential mappings is not trivial because of side-capacitance effects induced by the tip cone and the cantilever of the scanning probe. In this paper, we developed numerical simulations of KFM measurements taking into account these artifacts, so as to estimate the actual surface charge density of square charge patterns (nominal sizes ranging from 100 nm to 10 microm) written by AFM into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin films. This work revealed that, under our conditions, such charge patterns exhibit a surface charge density between 1.5 x 10(-3) and 3.8 x 10(-3) C m(-2), depending on the assumed depth of injected charges. These results are crucial to quantify the actual electric field generated by such charge patterns and thus the electrostatic forces responsible for the directed assembly of nano-objects onto these electrostatic traps.
High Tech Applications of Dirt: Functional Barrier Films Made from Polymer Clay Nanocomposites. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Properties of nonpolar a-plane InGaN∕GaN multiple quantum wells grown on lateral epitaxially overgrown a-plane GaN (2005)

The properties of nonpolar a-plane InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum wells (MQWs), grown simultaneously on lateral epitaxially overgrown (LEO) a-plane GaN and planar a-plane GaN, were studied. High-resolution x-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the In mol fraction in the MQWs grown on LEO-GaN was significantly lower than that on planar a-plane GaN. The lower In incorporation was confirmed by microphotoluminescence (μ-PL) and wide-area photoluminescence measurements, which showed a redshift of the MQW emission from 413 nm for the nearly defect-free laterally overgrown regions to 453 nm for the defective “window” regions of the LEO a-plane GaN, to 478 nm for the high-defect density planar a-plane GaN. μ-PL measurements also demonstrated that the emission from the nearly defect-free wings of the LEO a-plane GaN was more than ten times stronger than the emission from the defective windows.
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A regenerative medicine approach to geroscience (2019)

Extraordinary advances in medicine and public health have contributed to increasing life expectancy worldwide. However, health span-"healthy aging"-has paradoxically lagged to parallel this increase. Consequently, aging-associated illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease and aging frailty, are having a growing impact on patients, their families, and entire health-care systems. Typically, such disorders have been treated as isolated disease entities. However, the inextricable links between aging-associated disorders and the aging process itself have become increasingly recognized, leading to formation of the field of geroscience. The geroscience concept is that treating the aging process itself should lead to treatment and prevention of aging-related disorders. However, the aging process is complex, dictated by highly interrelated pleiotropic processes. As such, therapeutics with pleiotropic mechanisms of action (either alone, or as part of combinatorial strategies) will be required for preventing and treating both aging and related disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multiple mechanisms of action that make these highly promising geroscience therapeutic candidates. These cells have a high safety profile for clinical use, are amenable to allogeneic use since tissue-type matching is not required, and can have sustained activity after transplantation. Herein, we review preclinical and clinical data supporting the utility of allogeneic MSCs as a geroscience therapeutic candidate.
Gd3+ Doped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2021)

Nanoparticles of CoGdxFe2 − xO4 (x = 0%, 25%, 50%) synthesized via sol–gel auto combustion technique and encapsulated within a polymer (Eudragit E100) shell containing curcumin by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique were formulated in this study. Testing of synthesized nanoparticles was carried out by using different characterization techniques, to investigate composition, crystallinity, size, morphology, surface charge, functional groups and magnetic properties of the samples. The increased hydrophilicity resulted in sustained drug release of 90.6% and 95% for E1(CoGd0.25Fe1.75O4) and E2(CoGd0.50Fe1.5O4), respectively, over a time span of 24 h. The relaxivities of the best-chosen samples were measured by using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine, and a high r2/r1 ratio of 43.64 and 23.34 for composition E1(CoGd0.25Fe1.75O4) and E2(CoGd0.50Fe1.5O4) suggests their ability to work as a better T2 contrast agent. Thus, these novel synthesized nanostructures cannot only enable MRI diagnosis but also targeted drug delivery.
WeAllWalk (2016)

We introduce WeAllWalk, a data set of inertial sensor time series collected from blind walkers using a long cane or a guide dog. Blind participants walked through fairly long and complex indoor routes that included obstacles to be avoided and doors to be opened. Inertial data was recorded by two iPhone 6s carried by our participants in their pockets and carefully annotated. Ground truth heel strike times were measured by two small inertial sensor units clipped to the participants' shoes. We also show comparative examples of application of step counting and turn detection algorithms to selected data from WeAllWalk.
The CAF-1 and Hir Histone Chaperones Associate with Sites of Meiotic Double-Strand Breaks in Budding Yeast (2015)

In the meiotic prophase, programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are introduced along chromosomes to promote homolog pairing and recombination. Although meiotic DSBs usually occur in nucleosome-depleted, accessible regions of chromatin, their repair by homologous recombination takes place in a nucleosomal environment. Nucleosomes may represent an obstacle for the recombination machinery and their timely eviction and reincorporation into chromatin may influence the outcome of recombination, for instance by stabilizing recombination intermediates. Here we show in budding yeast that nucleosomes flanking a meiotic DSB are transiently lost during recombination, and that specific histone H3 chaperones, CAF-1 and Hir, are mobilized at meiotic DSBs. However, the absence of these chaperones has no effect on meiotic recombination, suggesting that timely histone reincorporation following their eviction has no influence on the recombination outcome, or that redundant pathways are activated. This study is the first example of the involvement of histone H3 chaperones at naturally occurring, developmentally programmed DNA double-strand breaks.
234 nm far-ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes with polarization-doped hole injection layer (2023)

Far-ultraviolet-C (far-UVC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emission wavelength of 234 nm with different polarization-doped AlGaN hole injection layers (HILs) are compared regarding their emission power, voltage, and leakage current. The influence of the thickness of the polarization-doped layer (PDL), an additional Mg doping of the PDL, as well as a combination of a PDL with a conventionally Mg-doped AlGaN HIL will be discussed. The different PDL thicknesses show nearly no influence on the emission power or voltage. However, the leakage current of the LEDs below the turn-on voltage decreases with an increasing thickness of the PDL. In contrast, an additional Mg doping of the PDL ([Mg] ∼ 1.5 × 1019 cm−3) results in a fivefold decrease in the emission power at an unchanged voltage and leakage current. Finally, a combination of a PDL and a conventionally Mg-doped AlGaN layer ([Mg] ∼ 1.5 × 1019 cm−3) as a HIL shows also a similar emission power and voltage compared to the single PDL, but the leakage current increases. Based on these optimizations, 234 nm LEDs were realized with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1% at 20 mA, an emission power of 4.7 mW, and a voltage of 9.0 V at 100 mA. This shows that the polarization doping concept is well suited to realize far-UVC LEDs with improved performance compared to LEDs with a conventionally Mg-doped p-side.
Simultaneous Transmission of Aggregated Microwave and Millimeter-wave Signals over Fiber with Parallel IM/PM Transmitter for Mobile Fronthaul Links (2017)

We propose simultaneous transmission of microwave and millimeter-wave signals by using parallel IM/PM transmitter to overcome dispersion-induced RF power fading. We successfully transmit twenty-four 180-MHz-bandwidth microwave signals and two 720-MHz-bandwidth millimetre-wave signals corresponding to CPRI-equivalent data rate of 393.2 Gbps.
Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes (2014)

Plants adapt quickly to changing environments due to elaborate perception and signaling systems. During pathogen attack, plants rapidly respond to infection via the recruitment and activation of immune complexes. Activation of immune complexes is associated with post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, or ubiquitination. Understanding how these PTMs are choreographed will lead to a better understanding of how resistance is achieved. Here we describe a protein purification method for nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR)-interacting proteins and the subsequent identification of their post-translational modifications (PTMs). With small modifications, the protocol can be applied for the purification of other plant protein complexes. The method is based on the expression of an epitope-tagged version of the protein of interest, which is subsequently partially purified by immunoprecipitation and subjected to mass spectrometry for identification of interacting proteins and PTMs. This protocol demonstrates that: i). Dynamic changes in PTMs such as phosphorylation can be detected by mass spectrometry; ii). It is important to have sufficient quantities of the protein of interest, and this can compensate for the lack of purity of the immunoprecipitate; iii). In order to detect PTMs of a protein of interest, this protein has to be immunoprecipitated to get a sufficient quantity of protein.
Tapered holey fibers for spot size and numerical aperture conversion (2001)

Summary form only given. A major problem with standard step index fibers is their inefficiency in coupling to integrated optical devices and waveguides, semiconductor devices such as laser diodes, other fiber waveguides with different properties, etc. Coupling losses are mainly caused by mismatch of the modal field distributions, and partly by changes in wave impedance. It is known that holey fiber may be designed to remain single mode over an extremely wide range of wavelengths. It follows that a fixed wavelength the size of the waveguide may be scaled by an appreciable factor and remain single mode. Consequently, adiabatically tapered holey fibers may be used to perform significant scaling of guided mode-field distributions with low loss. The effective index of the guided mode may also vary significantly. We have derived general guidelines for adiabatic taper design, and calculated the mode-field distributions at both ends of an optimally shaped taper.
EFFICIENCY OF REDUNDANT SYSTEM THROUGH CONFIGURATION SUPERVISORS (2022)

Background. The path to the creation of highly reliable equipment, each separate part of which, due to several factors, has limited reliability, is to develop reconfigurable systems with an excessive number of heterogeneous components. The objective of the article is to summarize the characteristics of the authors of the approach to managing redundancy based on configuration supervisors, as well as the analysis of the results achieved. Materials and methods. The principal features of the approach to the reduction management of technical systems using configuration supervisors, which consist in the separation of all means of supporting each configuration, as well as the use of paired arbitration procedures for configurations and computers. Such arbitration allows for the preferences formed preference matrices from among the disposable computers and configurations such that have guaranteed health and, if necessary, other advantages over alternatives. Using the analysis of structural schemes and calculations of the basic characteristics of fault tolerance, an assessment of the effectiveness of the approach in comparison with the wellknown approaches to reservation management is carried out. Results. Comparison of the proposed system of redundancy management system with schemes of known approaches showed a tangible advantage. Conclusions. The use of a highly reliable redundancy management system of the proposed type will allow the required levels of reliability of onboard complexes with an excessive number of heterogeneous resources.
A terahertz dual wire waveguide (2007)

We numerically model the propagation of terahertz radiation along a double wire waveguide using finite element analysis. This is a promising alternative configuration for terahertz waveguiding.
T-Type Channel Druggability at a Crossroads (2019)

Low-voltage activated T-type calcium channels mediate essential functions in the nervous system, and alteration of channel activity is causally linked to a number of neurological conditions. Therefore, T-type channels hold great promise as pharmacological targets for new medicines. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the potential of T-type channels as druggable targets and reevaluate the strategies available for developing therapeutically efficient and specific modulators of this channel.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 encoded protein contains a histone mimic, disrupts chromatin regulation, and enhances replication (2021)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China at the end of 2019 and caused the global pandemic of COVID-19, a disease with high morbidity and mortality. While our understanding of this new virus is rapidly increasing, gaps remain in our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 can effectively suppress host cell antiviral responses. Recent work on other viruses has demonstrated a novel mechanism through which viral proteins can mimic critical regions of human histone proteins. Histone proteins are responsible for governing genome accessibility and their precise regulation is critical for a cell’s ability to control transcription and respond to viral threats. Here, we show that the protein encoded by ORF8 (Orf8) in SARS-CoV-2 functions as a histone mimic of the ARKS motif in histone 3. Orf8 is associated with chromatin, binds to numerous histone-associated proteins, and is itself acetylated within the histone mimic site. Orf8 expression in cells disrupts multiple critical histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) including H3K9ac, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 and promotes chromatin compaction while Orf8 lacking the histone mimic motif does not. Further, SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cell lines and postmortem patient lung tissue cause these same disruptions to chromatin. However, deletion of the Orf8 gene from SARS-CoV-2 largely blocks its ability to disrupt host-cell chromatin indicating that Orf8 is responsible for these effects. Finally, deletion of the ORF8 gene affects the host-cell transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple cell types and decreases the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung alveolar type 2 (iAT2) pulmonary cells. These findings demonstrate a novel function for the poorly understood ORF8-encoded protein and a mechanism through which SARS-CoV-2 disrupts host cell epigenetic regulation. Finally, this work provides a molecular basis for the finding that SARS-CoV-2 lacking ORF8 is associated with decreased severity of COVID-19.
Principal component analysis, classifier complexity, and robustness of sonographic breast lesion classification (2009)

We investigated three classifiers for the task of distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. Classification performance was measured in terms of area under the ROC curve (AUC value). We compared linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and a Bayesian neural net (BNN) with 5 hidden units. For each lesion, 46 image features were extracted and principal component analysis (PCA) of these features was used as classifier input. For each classifier, the optimal number of principal components was determined by performing PCA within each step of a leave-one-case-out protocol for the training dataset (1125 lesions, 14% cancer prevalence) and determining which number of components maximized the AUC value. Subsequently, each classifier was trained on the training dataset and applied 'cold turkey' to an independent test set from a different population (341 lesions, 30% cancer prevalence). The optimal number of principal components for LDA was 24, accounting for 97% of the variance in the image features. For QDA and BNN, these numbers were 5 (70%) and 15 (93%), respectively. The LDA, QDA and BNN obtained AUC values of 0.88, 0.85, and 0.91, respectively, in the leave-one-case-out analysis. In the independent test - with AUCs of 0.88, 0.76, and 0.82 - only LDA achieved performance identical to that for the training set (lower bound of 95% non-inferiority interval -.0067), while the others performed significantly worse (p-values &lt;&lt; 0.05). While the more complex BNN classifier outperformed the others in leave-one-case-out of a large dataset, LDA was the robust best-performer in an independent test.
Development of Chemical Tools to Monitor Human Kallikrein 13 (KLK13) Activity (2019)

Kallikrein 13 (KLK13) was first identified as an enzyme that is downregulated in a subset of breast tumors. This serine protease has since been implicated in a number of pathological processes including ovarian, lung and gastric cancers. Here we report the design, synthesis and deconvolution of libraries of internally quenched fluorogenic peptide substrates to determine the specificity of substrate binding subsites of KLK13 in prime and non-prime regions (according to the Schechter and Berger convention). The substrate with the consensus sequential motive ABZ-Val-Arg-Phe-Arg-ANB-NH₂ demonstrated selectivity towards KLK13 and was successfully converted into an activity-based probe by the incorporation of a chloromethylketone warhead and biotin bait. The compounds described may serve as suitable tools to detect KLK13 activity in diverse biological samples, as exemplified by overexpression experiments and targeted labeling of KLK13 in cell lysates and saliva. In addition, we describe the development of selective activity-based probes targeting KLK13, to our knowledge the first tool to analyze the presence of the active enzyme in biological samples.
Frequency Component Restoration for Music Sounds using a Markov Random Field and Maximum Entropy Learning (2006)

We propose a method that estimates frequency component structures from music signals with noise and restores them. Restoring frequency components hidden by other interfering sounds is a difficult problem but has become important in various music information processing systems for melody extraction and audio retrieval. The proposed method is based on a probabilistic model of a frequency component structure represented as a Markov random field. To design an appropriate model, we introduce a supervised learning technique based on the maximum entropy model. We tested the method using musical audio signals generated from notes played by real instruments and noises. For four of six instruments, the proposed method achieves F-measures greater than 0.44 even in periods where signals are replaced by noises. We also evaluated the method in terms of feature distortion recovery in audio fingerprint matching tasks. The results show that the proposed method clearly reduces the effect of noise on the similarity values
New routes to phenylsilicones (1994)

Abstract Two alternative nonhalogen routes for the synthesis of phenylsilanes have been explored. In the first method, 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene is reacted with divinyltetramethyldisiloxane via a Diels–Alder reaction. The product can then be aromatized. In the second method, cyclohexadiene undergoes hydrosilylation and the resultant product can be aromatized using palladium on carbon with nitrobenzene as an electron accepter. Phenylsilicones can be prepared in a single step in which a silicone hydride fluid and cyclohexadiene are refluxed in the presence of Pt/C (platinum on carbon) and nitrobenzene. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.