gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Quality Metric for Symmetric Graph Drawings (2019)

Symmetry is an important aesthetic criteria in graph drawing and network visualisation. Symmetric graph drawings aim to faithfully represent automorphisms of graphs as geometric symmetries in a drawing. In this paper, we design and implement a framework for quality metrics that measure symmetry, that is, how faithfully a drawing of a graph displays automorphisms as geometric symmetries. The quality metrics are based on geometry (i.e. Euclidean distance) as well as mathematical group theory (i.e. orbits of automorphisms). More specifically, we define two varieties of symmetry quality metrics: (1) for displaying a single automorphism as a symmetry (axial or rotational) and (2) for displaying a group of automorphisms (cyclic or dihedral). We also present algorithms to compute the symmetric quality metrics in O(n log n) time for rotational symmetry and axial symmetry. We validate our symmetry quality metrics using deformation experiments. We then use the metrics to evaluate a number of established graph drawing layouts to compare how faithfully they display automorphisms of a graph as geometric symmetries.
Weld line characteristics of PC/ABS blend. II. Effect of reactive compatibilizer (2008)

Abstract The effects of reactive compatibilizer and processing temperature on the morphology and the mechanical properties at the weld line of 60/40 (wt/wt) poly‐ carbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymer blends were investigated. Amine functionalized styrene/ n ‐phenyl maleimide/maleic anhydride terpolymer (amine‐SPMIMA) was used as the in‐situ reactive compatibilizer for PC/ABS blend. Weld tensile strength increased as the content of amine‐SPMIMA was increased. Weld impact strength showed maximum value for the blend containing about 3% amine‐SPMIMA. The variation in the mechanical property at the weld line was correlated with the change in the morphology of the blend. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Solid‐phase microextraction combined with surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization introduction for ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry using polypyrrole coatings (2003)

The successful application of polypyrrole (PPY) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coatings as both an extraction phase and a surface to enhance laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) of analytes is reported. This SPME/SELDI fiber integrates sample preparation and sample introduction on the tip of a coated optical fiber, as well as acting as the transmission medium for the UV laser light. Using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) detection, the signal intensity was examined as a function of extraction surface area and concentration of analyte. The linear relationship between concentration and signal intensity shows potential applicability of this detection method for quantitative analysis. Extraction time profiles for the fiber, using tetraoctylammonium bromide as test analyte, illustrated that equilibrium can be reached in less than one minute. To investigate the performance of the PPY coating, the laser desorption profile was studied. The fiber was also tested using a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer with leucine enkephalin as test analyte. Since no matrix was used, mass spectra free from matrix background were obtained. This novel SPME/SELDI fiber is easy to manufacture, and is suitable for studying low-mass analytes because of the intrinsic low background. These findings suggest that other types of conductive polymers could also be used as an extraction phase and surface to enhance laser desorption/ionization in mass spectrometry.
Species assignment of pathogenic Nocardia by simple and rapid drug sensitivity test. (1989)

Pathogenic Nocardia species was found to have characteristic drug susceptibility profiles against certain ranges of chemotherapeutic agents, such as imipenem, aminoglycosides and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Based on the individual susceptibility patterns (expressed as + for sensitive and - for nonsensitive) to 50 μg/ml of imipenem, tobramycin and 5-FU, clinical isolates of Nocardia are easily and rapidly assignable to N. brasiliensis (−,+,−), N. asteroides (+,+,−), N. farcinica (+,−,−) and N. nova (+,−,+).
Automated clustering and program repair for introductory programming assignments (2018)

Providing feedback on programming assignments is a tedious task for the instructor, and even impossible in large Massive Open Online Courses with thousands of students. Previous research has suggested that program repair techniques can be used to generate feedback in programming education. In this paper, we present a novel fully automated program repair algorithm for introductory programming assignments. The key idea of the technique, which enables automation and scalability, is to use the existing correct student solutions to repair the incorrect attempts. We evaluate the approach in two experiments: (I) We evaluate the number, size and quality of the generated repairs on 4,293 incorrect student attempts from an existing MOOC. We find that our approach can repair 97% of student attempts, while 81% of those are small repairs of good quality. (II) We conduct a preliminary user study on performance and repair usefulness in an interactive teaching setting. We obtain promising initial results (the average usefulness grade 3.4 on a scale from 1 to 5), and conclude that our approach can be used in an interactive setting.
An Inhibitor-Resistant Histone Deacetylase in the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Cochliobolus carbonum (2001)

We have partially purified and characterized histone deacetylases of the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum. Depending on growth conditions, this fungus produces HC-toxin, a specific histone deacetylase inhibitor. Purified enzymes were analyzed by immunoblotting, by immunoprecipitation, and for toxin sensitivity. The results demonstrate the existence of at least two distinct histone deacetylase activities. A high molecular weight complex (430,000) is sensitive to HC-toxin and trichostatin A and shows immunoreactivity with an antibody against Cochliobolus HDC2, an enzyme homologous to yeast RPD3. The second activity, a 60,000 molecular weight protein, which is resistant even to high concentrations of well-known deacetylase inhibitors, such as HC-toxin and trichostatin A, is not recognized by antibodies against Cochliobolus HDC1 (homologous to yeast HOS2) or HDC2 and represents a different and/or modified histone deacetylase which is enzymatically active in its monomeric form. This enzyme activity is not present in the related filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of Cochliobolus mycelia with trichostatin A and analysis of HDACs during the transition from non-toxin-producing to toxin-producing stages support an HC-toxin-dependent enzyme activity profile.
An Overview of Three Promising Mechanical, Optical, and Biochemical Engineering Approaches to Improve Selective Photothermolysis of Refractory Port Wine Stains (2011)

During the last three decades, several laser systems, ancillary technologies, and treatment modalities have been developed for the treatment of port wine stains (PWSs). However, approximately half of the PWS patient population responds suboptimally to laser treatment. Consequently, novel treatment modalities and therapeutic techniques/strategies are required to improve PWS treatment efficacy. This overview therefore focuses on three distinct experimental approaches for the optimization of PWS laser treatment. The approaches are addressed from the perspective of mechanical engineering (the use of local hypobaric pressure to induce vasodilation in the laser-irradiated dermal microcirculation), optical engineering (laser-speckle imaging of post-treatment flow in laser-treated PWS skin), and biochemical engineering (light- and heat-activatable liposomal drug delivery systems to enhance the extent of post-irradiation vascular occlusion).
Inflammatory Mediators in Postoperative Aphakic and Pseudophakic Baboon Eyes (1990)

We measured prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 in the aqueous humor of baboon eyes, 1 or 8 days after phacoemulsification, with or without posterior chamber lens implantation. We also evaluated the effects of steroid eye drops and cyclooxygenase inhibitor eye drops on the synthesis of these mediators of inflammation. Eyes that had undergone phacoemulsification showed significant elevation of prostaglandin E2 at both postoperative periods compared with normal, phakic control eyes. The level of prostaglandin E2 was significantly (P less than .05) higher in eyes with posterior chamber lens implantation than in those without it, and was significantly (P less than .05) higher on the eighth than on the first postoperative day. The amount of leukotriene B4 was below the detection limit, except in the few eyes in which complications developed. Cyclooxygenase inhibitor eye drops significantly reduced the amount of prostaglandin E2 on both postoperative days, while steroid eye drops had no such effect.
A basic compositional requirement of agents having heparin-like cell-modulating activities (1997)

Heparin has been recognized as possessing a large variety of cell-modulating activities. Using compositionally simple, structurally rigid, and low molecular weight saccharide molecules (cyclodextrins), we demonstrated that these activities depend primarily on a single, gross compositional parameter: a minimum intramolecular density of neighboring anionic (sulfate) groups. This same critical parameter is shown to be involved in achieving cell-modulating behavior as diverse as angiogenesis, endothelial proliferation, inhibition of smooth muscle cell growth, and cell protection against virus invasion. Physical chemical evidence is presented that associates this property with multi-ionic complex formation between the clusters of anionic and cationic sites on the complexing partners. These observations revive early suggestions of the decisive role of electrostatic complexation capabilities of glycosaminoglycans like heparin; taken together with numerous observations on heparinoids and other agents reported in diverse specialized fields of cell biology and medicine, they provide evidence that molecular agents of critical anionic (sulfate) density (MACADs) represent a broad class of molecules that, in contrast to proteins, do not rely on structural detail for their cell biological activities, but function by ionic complexation with proteinic agents (e.g. growth factors), thereby modifying their structure-specific activities.
Arginine-specific gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis deprive protective functions of secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor in periodontal tissue (2006)

Chronic periodontitis is correlated with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. In this study, we found that the expression of secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an endogenous inhibitor for neutrophil-derived proteases, was reduced in gingival tissues with chronic periodontitis associated with P. gingivalis infection. The addition of vesicles of P. gingivalis decreased the amount of SLPI in the media of primary human gingival keratinocytes compared to untreated cultures. We therefore investigated how arginine-specific gingipains (Rgps) affect the functions of SLPI, because Rgps are the major virulence factors in the vesicles and cleave a wide range of in-host proteins. We found that Rgps digest SLPI in vitro, suppressing the release of SLPI. Rgps proteolysis of SLPI disrupted SLPI functions, which normally suppresses neutrophil elastase and neutralizes pro-inflammatory effects of bacterial cell wall compounds in cultured human gingival fibroblasts. The protease inhibitory action of SLPI was not exerted towards Rgps. These results suggest that Rgps reduce the protective effects of SLPI on neutrophil proteases and bacterial proinflammatory compounds, by which disease in gingival tissue may be accelerated at the sites with P. gingivalis infection.
Exploitation and Innovation Plan (2022)

SMART-electron is a FET-Open project with the aim to develop an innovative technological platform for designing, realizing and operating all-optical rapidly-programmable phase masks for electrons. During the course of the project, SMART-electron partners will generate a variety of new scientific and technological results of strong innovative character.<br> The Exploitation and Innovation Plan has the objective to define those actions able to ensure that new knowledge, scientific and technological outputs, as well as any innovation generated within the project is well managed and strategically exploited, while concurrently safeguarding intellectual property rights (IPR) as stated in the consortium agreement.<br> In this document we will describe the main scientific and technological outcomes of the SMART-electron project, its key exploitable results, and those strategies and activities that we will implement during the course of the project in order to support the exploitation of results. Furthermore, it will define strategies to maximize their take up and effective market penetration, based on the needs identified through the stakeholder consultation process and on an analysis of the key market challenges and opportunities.
A NEW PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE α-OXYALKYLATION OF HETEROAROMATIC BASES BY CYCLIC ETHERS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (1988)

(1988). A NEW PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE α-OXYALKYLATION OF HETEROAROMATIC BASES BY CYCLIC ETHERS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 105-108.
Nickel Complexes Based on Molybdopterin-like Dithiolenes: Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction (2018)

Molecular metal (M)–dithiolene complexes are mimics of the active sites of metalloenzymes such as formate dehydrogenases and CO-dehydrogenases. Recently, the first M–dithiolene (M = Ni) complex behaving as a catalyst for carbon dioxide electroduction has been reported. Here, using dithiolene ligands structurally similar to molybdopterin, new stable Ni–dithiolene complexes have been prepared and characterized. They all catalyze the electroreduction of CO2, generating formic acid as the major product (with a faradaic yield of 70% for the most active and selective one), together with minor amounts of CO and H2. As in the case of the well-studied Ni(cyclam) complex, catalysis occurs exclusively using a Hg electrode. This suggests that Hg contributes to the activation of the catalyst transiently adsorbed at the surface of the electrode. Unexpectedly, significant differences in activity and selectivity are observed between stereoisomers, which also likely results from the interactions between the catalysts and the Hg electrode.
Role of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase in B lymphocyte development and functions (2004)

PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family members control a variety of cellular responses, such as cell growth, survival, cytoskeletal remodelling and the trafficking of intracellular organelles, in many cell types, including lymphocytes. It has been difficult to evaluate the roles of distinct PI3Ks in immune responses, because specific inhibitors for each PI3K are lacking and most stimuli activate multiple PI3Ks. The development of gene-targeted mice has now allowed the elucidation of roles played in vivo by PI3K species in the immune system. Studies on mice deficient in catalytic as well as regulatory subunits of class IA PI3Ks have shown the importance of this class of PI3K in B lineage cells. Here I discuss the role of class IA PI3Ks in B lymphocyte development and B cell antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction.
Perioperative administration of buffered versus non-buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes following adult surgical procedures: a Cochrane systematic review (2018)

Small effect sizes for biochemical outcomes and lack of correlated clinical follow-up data mean that robust conclusions on major morbidity and mortality associated with buffered versus non-buffered perioperative fluid choices are still lacking. Buffered fluid may have biochemical benefits, including a significant reduction in postoperative hyperchloraemia and metabolic acidosis.
Highly Efficient Patterning of Organic Single‐Crystal Transistors from the Solution Phase (2008)

Organic single-crystal and polymer FET arrays can be fabricated using a novel solution-based technique. The patterning of the organic semiconductor is achieved by semiconductor solution droplets selectively wetting the transistor electrode pads. The key advantages of the technique are the cleanliness of the patterning, the patterning speed, and the ultrasmall amount of material required. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Lactose Malabsorption in Khants in Western Siberia (1995)

This is the highest prevalence found in the previous Soviet Union.
Lymph Node Transfer and Perinodal Lymphatic Growth Factor Treatment for Lymphedema (2012)

Lymphangiogenic growth factors improve lymphatic vessel regeneration and lymph node function after lymph node transfer. The perinodal route of delivery provides a basis for future clinical trials in lymphedema patients.
Behavioral modeling of W-CDMA transceiver with VHDL-AMS language (2006)

International audience
Experimenting with P2P traffic optimization for wireless mesh networks in a federated OMF-PlanetLab environment (2011)

The ultimate success of the Wireless Mesh Network paradigm (WMN) in large scale deployments depends on the ability to test it in real world scenarios. A typical application scenario which is worth to be investigated in such a context is peer-to-peer traffic management. The creation of large scale testbeds for evaluating wireless mesh technologies and protocols, and for testing their ability to support real world applications in realistic environments, is then a crucial step. OMF (cOntrol and Management Framework) is a well-established control, measurement, and management framework for wireless testbeds. In this paper we present how we integrated an OMF-based wireless testbed in the planetary-scale PlanetLab testbed, making it possible for PlanetLab users to run experiments spanning on both PlanetLab and an OMF-based wireless testbed. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of such an integrated scenario, we tested on it an innovative peer-to-peer traffic optimization technique for the BitTorrent file sharing application. The possibility of running this kind of experiments highlighted several real-world issues which could be investigated thanks to our hybrid experimental scenario.
Hundreds of genes could lie behind a single disease (2018)

Professor Aarno Palotie from the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) focuses on genetic analysis of diseases by utilising large quantities of data gathered from subjects. Together with his research team, he has been able to use data analysis to demonstrate that the underlying causes of various neurological diseases consist of numerous genes, instead of a single genetic mutation. For example, there are hundreds of different genes that affect a person’s predisposition to migraine, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease.
A Study of a Simple Seismic Isolation Table Using Semicircular Arc Springs (2003)

In this paper, a two dimensional isolation table using semicircular arc springs and a magnetic damper which has a simple construction, low height and the capability of vibration isolation in the horizontal direction, is proposed. The trial isolation table was made, and the seismic and frequency responses of the table installed a mass were measured using an electrohydraulic-type shaking table. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results, and the effects of vibration suppression of the table were discussed.
Analysis of Conformal Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch Elements on Cylindrical Surfaces (1999)

Base station antennas for modem communication systems need omnidirectional as well as highly directive radiation patterns. These requirements can best be met by cylindrical structures, which allow large bandwidth and good polarisation quality when fed by aperture coupling. This contribution presents an analysis of cylindrical aperture coupled patch elements. By enforcing the boundary conditions at the feeding line, the patch and the aperture an integral equation system can be set up and solved using the method of moments technique. A brief outline of the solution is given. Results are presented and discussed.
The CROWN Initiative: journal editors invite researchers to develop core outcomes in women's health (2014)

Human Fertility is pleased to support the 'CROWN' initiative outlined below, whose aim is 'to develop core outcomes in women's health'. The editorial, which was unanimously adopted by our Editorial Board is being published by more than 50 gynaecology-obstetrics and related journals. We commend it to all our readers.
Existence of solutions of the algebro-differential equations (2006)

Consideration was given to a finite-dimensional system of algebro-differential equations with discontinuities. Solution was determined in a general form, and the existence theorem was proved for the nondegenerate case.
SET Characterization in Logic Circuits Fabricated in a 3DIC Technology (2011)

Single event transients are characterized for the first time in logic gate circuits fabricated in a novel 3DIC technology where SET test circuits are vertically integrated on three tiers in a 20- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula> -thick layer. This 3D technology is extremely well suited for high-density circuit integration because of the small dimension the tier-to-tier circuit interconnects, which are 1.25- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula> -wide through-oxide-vias. Transient pulse width distributions were characterized simultaneously on each tier during exposure to krypton heavy ions. The difference in SET pulse width and cross-section among the three tiers is discussed. Experimental test results are explained by considering the electrical characteristics of the FETs on the 2D wafers before 3D integration, and by considering the energy deposited by the Kr ions passing through the various material layers of the 3DIC stack. We also show that the back metal layer available on the upper tiers can be used to tune independently the nFET and pFET current drive, and change the SET pulse width and cross-section. This 3DIC technology appears to be a good candidate for space applications.
Navigator-echo-based real-time respiratory gating and triggering for reduction of respiration effects in three-dimensional coronary MR angiography. (1996)

Navigator-echo-based, real-time respiratory-gating and respiratory-triggering techniques are practical methods for effective reduction of respiration effects in coronary MR imaging.