gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the lesion formation during histotripsy treatment using shear wave imaging (2012)

Monitoring the lesion formation induced by histotripsy has mainly relied on the quantitative change in backscatter intensity using ultrasound B-mode imaging. However, how the mechanical properties of the histotripsy-treated tissue region alter during the procedure is yet to be fully investigated. We thus proposed here to monitor such a therapeutic process based on shear modulus estimated by shear wave imaging (SWI). In the therapeutic procedure, a single-element piezo-composite focused transducer (Imasonic, Besançon, France) with a center frequency of 660 kHz, a focal length of 45 mm, and an fnumber of 1 was driven by a function generator (AFG 3101, Tektronix, Beaverton, OR) and a gated RF power amplifier (GA-2500A, RITEC Inc., USA) to generate ultrasound histotripsy pulses. Histotripsy pulses were delivered for 20 seconds and then followed by a 30-second pause and a rapid monitoring step. Such a treatment and monitoring scheme was repeated for 10 mins. Both the reference measurement and monitoring were realized by SWI, where plane shear waves were generated by an 8 MHz linear array probe connected to a prototype ultrasound scanner, and acquired at a frame rate of 10000 Hz. Shear modulus was estimated and mapped in 2D through a time-of-flight algorithm. Gelatin (8%)-agar (2%) phantoms and ex-vivo porcine liver samples were tested. Regions of interests (ROI's) of 2 mm-by-2 mm in both untreated and treated regions were selected to compute the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). In all three scenarios where different PD's and PRF's were implemented, during the first 100 seconds of the treatment, 50% decrease in the shear modulus within the histotripsy-targeted zone was already observed, and the CNR of the shear modulus increased by 18 dB. In contrast, the backscatter intensity began to reduce and the corresponding CNR was found to increase by 6 dB only after 120 seconds of treatment. The results demonstrated that SWI can map quantitatively the change of mechanical properties during histotripsy treatment. Moreover, the shear modulus estimated by SWI was a more sensitive indicator of the lesion formation than the backscatter intensity obtained from B-mode at the early stage of the histotripsy treatment. In-vitro experiments on liver samples have also been carried out.
Molecular Genetics of Disease and the Human Genome Project (2003)

The haploid (n) human genome contains approx 3 billion nucleotides (or bases) of DNA strung amongst 23 chromosomes (see Fig. 1). The diploid (2n) complement, which consists of a haploid genome inherited from each parent, therefore comprises 46 chromosomes of 6 billion nucleotides of DNA, all contained within the cell nucleus. The same complement of DNA is found in every cell (except red blood cells) in the body. Mitochondrial DNA, which is a circular molecule of genetic material, 16,000 nucleotides long, is also part of the human genome. It is located outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm of the cell and encodes a small but important subset of human genes. Mitochondrial DNA is only transmitted from mothers to their offspring. On average, the human genome is 99.9% identical between any two individuals, with nucleotide differences existing only about 1 in every 1000 bases. Less than 5% of the genome contains genes or protein-coding regions. The remaining 95% (noncoding part) contains repetitive elements (see Chapter 8) and other sequences whose functions are not completely understood and is often referred to as junk DNA. These regions may play a role in maintaining the structural integrity of chromosomes. There at least 30,000–40,000 genes in the human genome, ranging in size less than 1 to 200 kilobases (kb), with the average size of a gene being 50 kb. General information on the human genome is provided in Table 1.
Interpretation of Domain Patterns Recently Found in BiMn and SiFe Alloys (1956)

It is shown that in a demagnetized crystal in which closure domains do not form, the domain pattern on a surface perpendicular to the easy-magnetization axis varies with the thickness of the crystal. For thin crystals the domain configuration should consist of plane-parallel walls. As the thickness of the crystal is increased, the plane walls become undular to form a rickrack-type pattern, the amplitude of the waves increasing with increasing thickness. At greater thicknesses the domain pattern becomes more complicated, a characteristic feature being many small domains of reverse magnetization penetrating as spikes from the surface into the interior. A typical pattern for a demagnetized sample could consist of a regular pattern of reverse-domain spikes within large domains demarked by plane-parallel walls extending all the way through the crystal. These theoretical predictions are compared with domain patterns recently observed in BiMn alloys and in barium ferrite. Recently reported domain patterns in polycrystalline SiFe alloys are interpreted as representing the latter thick-crystal configuration. The significance of the patterns found in SiFe alloys for the theory of flux reversal is also discussed.
Fracture Size Determined from Amplitude Data (1998)

Fractures may have a significant impact on the flow proporties of a rock. Large fractures in particular may serve as channels for the fluid flow, while a large number of small, isolated cracks will on the other hand contribute less to the flow capacity.
23.4: Invited Paper : Ideal Host‐Dopant System for Highly Efficient Phosphorescent OLEDs (2009)

Abstract Using a narrow band‐gap fluorescent host material with a phosphorescent red dopant, highly efficient red phosphorescent OLEDs (PHOLEDs) exhibiting an ideal external quantum efficiency with a doping concentration of 1% were developed. The origin of such a low doping is revealed by the ideal Dexter doping condition study for efficient energy transfer in PHOLEDs. Besides this cause, the strong fluorescent host materials function very well in phosphorescent OLEDs. Singlet excitons generated by fluorescent host materials in phosphorescent OLEDs can produce dopant triplet excitons via the efficient Förster energy transfer mechanism.
Raman and electrooptic properties of potassium titanate phosphate (1980)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. A. Massey, T. M. Loehr, L. J. Willis, and J. C. Johnson, "Raman and electrooptic properties of potassium titanate phosphate," Appl. Opt. 19, 4136-4137 (1980) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Library of Biphenyl Privileged Substructures using a Safety-Catch Linker Approach (2008)

A biphenyl privileged structure library containing three attachment points were synthesized using a catechol-based safety-catch linker strategy. The method requires the attachment of a bromo-acid to the linker, followed by a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Further derivatization, activation of the linker with strong acid and aminolysis afforded the respective products in high purity and good overall yield. To show the versatility of the synthesis, a 199-member library was generated. The library samples both conformational and chemical diversity about a well-known privileged substructure.
Phase states of nanocrystalline ferroelectric ceramics and their dielectric properties (2005)

Using a nonlinear thermodynamic theory, we describe equilibrium polarization states and the macroscopic dielectric response of nanocrystalline ferroelectric ceramics with single-domain grains. The elastic clamping of individual crystallites by the surrounding material is explicitly taken into account via the introduction of a specific thermodynamic potential. Aggregate material properties are calculated with the aid of an iterative procedure based on the method of effective medium. The numerical calculations, performed for unpolarized BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 ceramics, demonstrate that the equilibrium phase states of nanocrystalline ceramics may differ drastically from those of single crystals and coarse-grained materials. Remarkably, the theory predicts the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal crystallites in nanocrystalline Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 ceramics in a wide range of compositions and temperatures. For BaTiO3 ceramics, a mixture of rhombohedral and orthorhombic crystallites is found to be the energetically most favorable state at room temperature. The calculations also show that the dielectric properties of nanocrystalline ferroelectric ceramics may be very different from those of conventional materials due to the elastic clamping of single-domain crystallites.
Pes1 mutants M1 and M5 inhibit cell proliferation and elicit a reversible cell cycle arrest (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Dominant-negative Pes1 mutants inhibit ribosomal RNA processing and cell proliferation via incorporation into the PeBoW-complex"Nucleic Acids Research 2006;34(10):3030-3043.Published online 31 May 2006PMCID:PMC1474060.© 2006 The Author(s) () Equal numbers of TGR-1 cells stably transfected with the indicated constructs were seeded in multiples in the presence of 1 µg/ml doxycycline. Cells were trypsinized and counted by trypan blue exclusion after 6d. The histogram depicts the cell counts relative to the mock cell line after 6d. Error bars indicate SD. () Reversible cell cycle arrest by overexpression of mutants M1 and M5. Stably transfected TGR-1 cell lines were seeded at low density and treated with 1 µg/ml doxycycline for 30 h to induce expression of the specified constructs. Subsequently, the cells were incubated with 100 µM BrdU for 72 h to label proliferating cells. Visible light irradiation in the presence of Hoechst 33 258 selectively kills cells that have incorporated BrdU in their DNA. Arrested cells survive BrdU light treatment and give rise to colonies after withdrawal of doxycycline. Images show representative BrdU light assays conducted with the indicated cell lines.
Adaptive color artwork (2007)

The words in a document are often supported, illustrated, and enriched by visuals. When color is used, some of it is used to define the document's identity and is therefore strictly controlled in the design process. The result of this design process is a "color specification sheet," which must be created for every background color. While in traditional publishing there are only a few backgrounds, in variable data publishing a larger number of backgrounds can be used. We present an algorithm that nudges the colors in a visual to be distinct from a background while preserving the visual's general color character.
Prevalence of colorectal neoplasms in young, average risk individuals: A turning tide between East and West (2016)

The higher rate of colorectal neoplasia in Asian populations requires further investigation and reconsideration as to the starting age of screening in that population.
Understanding How Diverse β-Mannanases Recognize Heterogeneous Substrates (2009)

The mechanism by which polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes manifest specificity toward heterogeneous substrates, in which the sequence of sugars is variable, is unclear. An excellent example of such heterogeneity is provided by the plant structural polysaccharide glucomannan, which comprises a backbone of beta-1,4-linked glucose and mannose units. beta-Mannanases, located in glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 5 and 26, hydrolyze glucomannan by cleaving the glycosidic bond of mannosides at the -1 subsite. The mechanism by which these enzymes select for glucose or mannose at distal subsites, which is critical to defining their substrate specificity on heterogeneous polymers, is currently unclear. Here we report the biochemical properties and crystal structures of both a GH5 mannanase and a GH26 mannanase and describe the contributions to substrate specificity in these enzymes. The GH5 enzyme, BaMan5A, derived from Bacillus agaradhaerens, can accommodate glucose or mannose at both its -2 and +1 subsites, while the GH26 Bacillus subtilis mannanase, BsMan26A, displays tight specificity for mannose at its negative binding sites. The crystal structure of BaMan5A reveals that a polar residue at the -2 subsite can make productive contact with the substrate 2-OH group in either its axial (as in mannose) or its equatorial (as in glucose) configuration, while other distal subsites do not exploit the 2-OH group as a specificity determinant. Thus, BaMan5A is able to hydrolyze glucomannan in which the sequence of glucose and mannose is highly variable. The crystal structure of BsMan26A in light of previous studies on the Cellvibrio japonicus GH26 mannanases CjMan26A and CjMan26C reveals that the tighter mannose recognition at the -2 subsite is mediated by polar interactions with the axial 2-OH group of a (4)C(1) ground state mannoside. Mutagenesis studies showed that variants of CjMan26A, from which these polar residues had been removed, do not distinguish between Man and Glc at the -2 subsite, while one of these residues, Arg 361, confers the elevated activity displayed by the enzyme against mannooligosaccharides. The biological rationale for the variable recognition of Man- and Glc-configured sugars by beta-mannanases is discussed.
AKR1C3 mediates pan‐AR antagonist resistance in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (2020)

This study supports the rationale to further investigate the benefits of AKR1C3 inhibition in combination with antiandrogens to prevent CRPC disease progression.
A stereospecific total synthesis of (.+-.)-methylenomycin A. A novel antibiotic possessing an .alpha.-methylene ketone functionality (1977)

&lt;p&gt;Confining treatment to the tumor to improve therapeutic outcome and reduce toxicity, is a hot issue in cancer research. Hyperthermia is recognized as a strong sensitizer for radiotherapy and chemotherapy enhancing tumor control without increasing toxicity. Today's electromagnetic hyperthermia systems heat large tissue volumes with limited ability to selectively heat the tumor. Fortunately, tremendous improvements in 3-dimensional electromagnetic &amp;amp; temperature modelling provide an exciting opportunity to design advanced multi-element electromagnetic applicator systems. Together with feedback control using MR non-invasive thermometry and smart E-field sensors, this paves the way for selective tumor heating and potentially prescription of a thermal dose. A technological advanced hyperthermia system, with guaranteed delivery of high quality hyperthermia lowers the threshold for newcomers to apply hyperthermia. Combined with recent proof that hyperthermia blocks DNA repair and new, exciting, ways for controlled drug delivery using temperature sensitive liposome encapsulated drugs, this is expected to increase interest of the medical community in hyperthermia.&lt;/p&gt;
Design, Synthesis, and Properties of a Potent Inhibitor ofPseudomonas aeruginosaDeacetylase LpxC (2017)

Over the past several decades, the frequency of antibacterial resistance in hospitals, including multidrug resistance (MDR) and its association with serious infectious diseases, has increased at alarming rates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, and resistance to virtually all approved antibacterial agents is emerging in this pathogen. To address the need for new agents to treat MDR P. aeruginosa, we focused on inhibiting the first committed step in the biosynthesis of lipid A, the deacetylation of uridyldiphospho-3-O-(R-hydroxydecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine by the enzyme LpxC. We approached this through the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel hydroxamic acid LpxC inhibitors, exemplified by 1, where cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines was reduced, solubility and plasma-protein binding were improved while retaining potent anti-pseudomonal activity in vitro and in vivo.
Editorial - ACS Symposium on Porpyhrin Geochemistry - The Quest for Analytical Reliability (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEditorial - ACS Symposium on Porpyhrin Geochemistry - The Quest for Analytical ReliabilityDavid Freeman, J Quirke, T Yen, Anthony Barwise, and Gary Van BerkelCite this: Energy Fuels 1990, 4, 6, 627Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online4 December 2003Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00024a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00024a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A handheld luminometer with sub-attomole limit of detection for distributed applications in global health (2023)

Abstract Luminescence is ubiquitous in biology research and medicine. Conceptually simple, the detection of luminescence nonetheless faces technical challenges because relevant signals can exhibit exceptionally low radiant power densities. Although low light detection is well-established in centralized laboratory settings, the cost, size, and environmental requirements of high-performance benchtop luminometers are not compatible with geographically-distributed global health studies or resource-constrained settings. Here we present the design and application of a ∼$700 US handheld, battery-powered luminometer with performance on par with high-end benchtop instruments. By pairing robust and inexpensive Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) sensors with a low-profile shutter system, our design compensates for sensor non-idealities and thermal drift, achieving a limit of detection of 1.6E-19 moles of firefly luciferase, or approximately 1fW of radiant optical power. Using these devices, we performed split luciferase serology studies to monitor sars-cov-2 antibodies in a cohort in the United States, as well as a field study in Bangladesh.
Crowdsourcing in the Field: A Case Study Using Local Crowds for Event Reporting (2015)

While crowd work typically involves tasks that performed at any time and anywhere, some tasks inherently require the physical presence of workers at a specific time and location. This paper presents a case study of a hybrid crowdsourcing process that involves the collaborative production of event reports using a combination of local and remote workers. The process extends human computation into the physical world by using local workers to collect information in person at events and remote workers to curate the collected information and generate event reports. We deployed the process at 11 events, employing 84 workers, and identified the challenges local workers face as constraints in mobility, time available to perform tasks, unpredictability of events, and interaction with others. We discuss issues related to collaboration with remote workers and bias in field reporting, and conduct a qualitative analysis to make design recommendations for extending human computation into the physical environment.
Gray-Scale Operation of Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays Using Polymer-Stabilized Method (1999)

We have reported a new method of realizing gray-scale operation of surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (SSFLCDs) by controlling the threshold voltage of the samples. The control of the threshold voltage is achieved by forming liquid crystalline polymer networks in a FLC medium using a UV-curable liquid crystalline monomer, and the threshold voltage is found to decrease with increasing concentration of the doped monomer. This phenomenon is utilized to realize the gray-scale operation, and we succeed in obtaining a quasi-tristable SSFLCD by combining it with a two-domain structure.
ChemInform Abstract: K2[Te4O8(OH)10]: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selective conversion of sugars to levulinate or HMF ethers using novel acidic mesostructured silica-carbon nanocomposite catalysts (2014)

status: Published
Novel approach for static nonlinear behavior identification in RF power amplifiers exhibiting memory effects (2008)

In this paper, an experimental approach is proposed to accurately identify, under a modulated signal drive, the memoryless nonlinearity of power amplifiers exhibiting memory effects. It is experimentally demonstrated that, when they are present, memory effects bias the extracted static nonlinearity. Accordingly, the sampling rate of the WCDMA test signal waveform is varied to reduce the signal’s bandwidth. It is shown that this approach minimizes the memory effects contribution to the amplifier’s nonlinear behavior and leads to accurate characterization of the ‘true’ static nonlinearity. The performance of the proposed approach is then assessed through experimental memoryless digital predistortion.
Studies of depth judgments in a see-through head-mounted display (1997)

The goals of this research are to measure accuracy and precision of depth perception of 3D objects in see-through head-mounted displays for near-field visualization (i.e. within arm length) and to set benchmarks for current technology. In this paper we present results on accuracy and precision of perceived depth for stimuli of various forms (i.e. of varying shapes and sizes) presented either in a side by side or in a top-bottom configuration. A finding of these experiment is the unexpected relatively high human subject variability measured which we postulate to be correlated with aspects of the methodology used. Further investigations on methodology related to these types of experiments are being conducted. Finally, we report a new benchmark for the precision of perceived depth of 7 mm.
Modified zeolite Y membranes for high-performance CO<sub>2</sub> separation (2023)

Supported zeolite Y membranes exhibiting exceptionally high CO2 selectivities when used in CO2/N2 gas separations are produced by a seeding/secondary (hypothermal) growth approach in which a structure directing agent such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide is included in the aqueous crystal-growing composition used for membrane formation.
In-tier diagnosis of power domains in 3D TSV ICs (2012)

Power and substrate domains are strategically isolated or unified in heterogeneous 3D integration. In-tier probing circuitry provides accessibility to power delivery and substrate networks in a deep tier of a 3D chip stack and capability of diagnosing intra/inter tier coupling. A two-tier demonstrator was successfully tested in a 130 nm CMOS, 3D-SIC Cu TSV technology.