gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
YouLighter: A Cognitive Approach to Unveil YouTube CDN and Changes (2015)

YouTube relies on a massively distributed content delivery network (CDN) to stream the billions of videos in its catalog. Unfortunately, very little information about the design of such CDN is available. This, combined with the pervasiveness of YouTube, poses a big challenge for Internet service providers (ISPs), which are compelled to optimize end-users' quality of experience (QoE) while having almost no visibility and understanding of CDN decisions. This paper presents YouLighter, an unsupervised technique that builds upon cognitive methodologies to identify changes in how the YouTube CDN serves traffic. YouLighter leverages only passive measurements and clustering algorithms to group caches that appear colocated and identical into edge-nodes. This automatically unveils the YouTube edge-nodes used by the ISP customers. Next, we leverage a new metric, called Pattern Dissimilarity, that compares the clustering results obtained from two different time snapshots to pinpoint sudden changes. By running YouLighter over 10-month long traces obtained from two ISPs in different countries, we pinpoint both sudden changes in edge-node allocation, and small alterations to the cache allocation policies, which actually impair the QoE that the end-users perceive.
Improving Ion Control for Semiconductor Processing with Repetitive Pulsed Power Phase I (2022)

Using plasma etching to produce high-aspect-ratio (HAR) features is becoming increasingly important as the market demands solid-state non-volatile memory storage. To minimize bowing and twisting defects in HAR features, precision control of the ion energy distribution (IED) is required. Eagle Harbor Technologies (EHT), Inc. has previously developed a Rapid Capacitor Charger that can charge capacitance to high voltage in tens of nanoseconds and operate at 400 kHz. This power system can produce sheath voltage waveforms that are flatter than those produced with standard sinusoidal radio-frequency generators, which allows for improved control of the IED. EHT is experimentally verifying and optimizing the IED using these pulsed bias techniques. EHT built a retarding field energy analyzer to make precision measurements of the IED to demonstrate the efficacy of the new bias approach. Sandia National Laboratories is providing simulation support to help guide the experimental program.
A comparison of the effects of PtO2and BaSnO3additions on the refinement of Y2BaCuO5and magnetization of textured YBa2Cu3O6+x (1994)

Y2BaCuO5 (211) and liquid (L=3 BaCuO2:2CuO) were used as the precursor materials to study the effect of additions of BaSnO3 and PtO2 on the coarsening behaviour of 211 particles in the liquid above the peritectic temperature of YBa2Cu3O6+x (123), and the magnetic properties after melt texturing. Additions of BaSnO3 and PtO2 both reduced the coarsening of 211, but PtO2 did so much more effectively. The PtO2 additions were found to refine 211 by altering the 211/liquid interfacial energy and/or Y diffusivity, and not by acting as heterogeneous nucleation sites. BaSnO3 additions were found to not be inert in the melt. They reduce 211 coarsening by acting as a Y sink. Magnetization measurements at 20, 40 and 60 K on crushed melt-textured 123 samples showed enhanced intragrain flux pinning effects in samples prepared from 211+L+PtO2 as compared with 211+L+BaSnO3 or 211+L precursor samples.
Transport Phenomena Measurements in Epitaxial Reactors (1978)

The deposition rates and uniformity in CVD reactors are functions of transport phenomena. It is necessary to understand these phenomena as completely as possible in order to design and use reactors properly. In the last few years several, mostly theoretical, discussions of transport phenomena in CVD reactors appeared. In the present study we discuss the results of the experimental measurements of these phenomena by means of flow visualization techniques and temperature and concentration measurements. These measurements suggest a model of flow somewhat different than models suggested by other authors. The importance of entry effects and influences on the development of velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated. Such a model is more complex than models where the fully developed velocity and/or temperature fields are assumed, but it is also more descriptive of the true situation in the reactor.
A Specific Protein Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase-III from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle (1976)

Conference Article| December 01 1976 A Specific Protein Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase-III from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle PHILIP COHEN; PHILIP COHEN 1Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GILLIAN A. NIMMO; GILLIAN A. NIMMO 2Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN F. ANTONIW JOHN F. ANTONIW 3Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1976) 4 (6): 1033–1035. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0041033 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation PHILIP COHEN, GILLIAN A. NIMMO, JOHN F. ANTONIW; A Specific Protein Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase-III from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1976; 4 (6): 1033–1035. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0041033 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1976 Biochemical Society1976 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Promising Strategy To Improve Charge Separation in Organic Photovoltaics: Installing Permanent Dipoles in PCBM Analogues (2015)

A multidisciplinary approach involving organic synthesis and theoretical chemistry was applied to investigate a promising strategy to improve charge separation in organic photovoltaics: installing permanent dipoles in fullerene derivatives. First, a PCBM analogue with a permanent dipole in the side chain (PCBDN) and its reference analogue without a permanent dipole (PCBBz) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Second, a multiscale modeling approach was applied to investigate if a PCBDN environment around a central donor-acceptor complex indeed facilitates charge separation. Alignment of the embedding dipoles in response to charges present on the central donor-acceptor complex enhances charge separation. The good correspondence between experimentally and theoretically determined electronic and optical properties of PCBDN, PCBBz, and PCBM indicates that the theoretical analysis of the embedding effects of these molecules gives a reliable expectation for their influence on the charge separation process at a microscopic scale in a real device. This work suggests the following strategies to improve charge separation in organic photovoltaics: installing permanent dipoles in PCBM analogues and tuning the concentration of these molecules in an organic donor/acceptor blend.
Multimodal electrochemistry coupled microcalorimetric and X-ray probing of the capacity fade mechanisms of Nickel rich NMC – progress and outlook (2022)

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) is a commercially successful Li-ion battery cathode due to its high energy density; however, its delivered capacity must be intentionally limited to achieve capacity retention over extended cycling. To design next-generation NMC batteries with longer life and higher capacity the origins of high potential capacity fade must be understood. <i>Operando</i> hard X-ray characterization techniques are critical for this endeavor as they allow the acquisition of information about the evolution of structure, oxidation state, and coordination environment of NMC as the material (de)lithiates in a functional battery. This perspective outlines recent developments in the elucidation of capacity fade mechanisms in NMC through hard X-ray probes, surface sensitive soft X-ray characterization, and isothermal microcalorimetry. A case study on the effect of charging potential on NMC811 over extended cycling is presented to illustrate the benefits of these approaches. The results showed that charging to 4.7 V leads to higher delivered capacity, but much greater fade as compared to charging to 4.3 V. <i>Operando</i> XRD and SEM results indicated that particle fracture from increased structural distortions at >4.3 V was a contributor to capacity fade. <i>Operando</i> hard XAS revealed significant Ni and Co redox during cycling as well as a Jahn-Teller distortion at the discharged state (Ni<sup>3+</sup>); however, minimal differences were observed between the cells charged to 4.3 and 4.7 V. Additional XAS analyses using soft X-rays revealed significant surface reconstruction after cycling to 4.7 V, revealing another contribution to fade. <i>Operando</i> isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) indicated that the high voltage charge to 4.7 V resulted in a doubling of the heat dissipation when compared to charging to 4.3 V. A lowered chemical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency due to thermal energy waste was observed, providing a complementary characterization of electrochemical degradation. The work demonstrates the utility of multi-modal X-ray and microcalorimetric approaches to understand the causes of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries with Ni-rich NMC.
Large Antenna Analysis of Multi-Cell Full-Duplex Networks (2016)

We study a multi-cell multi-user MIMO full-duplex network, where each base station (BS) has multiple antennas with full-duplex capability supporting single-antenna users with either full-duplex or half-duplex radios. We characterize the up- and downlink ergodic achievable rates for the case of linear precoders and receivers. The rate analysis includes practical constraints such as imperfect self- interference cancellation, channel estimation error, training overhead and pilot contamination. We show that the 2X gain of full-duplex over half-duplex system remains in the asymptotic regime where the number of BS antennas grows infinitely large. We numerically evaluate the finite SNR and antenna performance, which reveals that full-duplex networks can use significantly fewer antennas to achieve spectral efficiency gain over the half-duplex counterparts. In addition, the overall full-duplex gains can be achieved under realistic 3GPP multi-cell network settings despite the increased interference introduced in the full-duplex networks.
Industrial Revolution (2000)

The Industrial Revolution is an easily misunderstood event. In many people’s minds the phrase suggests mass production, assembly lines, and the heavy industry of the late nineteenth century, but these things all came much later. When Arnold Toynbee coined the term Industrial Revolution, he applied it to the technology-driven change of British life as it occurred from 1760 to 1840, opening a very large umbrella. Yet even that umbrella still did not cover the first mass production and assembly lines, nor did it encompass our images of modern heavy industry. Toynbee’s dating of the Industrial Revolution starts when its causes were just taking form, and ends when England had become a mature industrial power. He took in the whole saga of the revolution, but within that saga we can identify the Revolution as a much more specific moment in British history. It is the point at which technology suddenly joined hands with radical social and economic changes. In the 1780s Watt’s advanced steam engines, Hargreaves’ spinning jenny, Cort’s improvement of wrought-iron production, and Wilkinson’s cylinder-boring mill all came into being. At the same time, economic theoreticians David Hume and Adam Smith were setting forth a new economic and social system. This convergence of inventions was part and parcel of the other great revolutions of the late eighteenth century—the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and a spate of lesser European revolutions. We have to understand it in the context of those political and social upheavals. In England, social revolution grew out of eighteenth-century Protestant reform. The Wesleyan movement and the various dissident Protestant groups counted the makers of the Industrial Revolution among their members. The mid-eighteenth century was marked by worldwide discontent with authoritarianism and with the tyranny of the mercantile economic system. The French kings loved elaborate clocks and clockwork toys—devices that were completely preprogrammed. By the late seventeenth century, they had joined with the other western European nations in a clockwork economic system as well. The mercantile economic equation specified trade balances, such that raw material flowed in, manufactured goods flowed out, and gold flowed in.
Body Shape Privacy in Images: Understanding Privacy and Preventing\n Automatic Shape Extraction (2019)

Modern approaches to pose and body shape estimation have recently achieved\nstrong performance even under challenging real-world conditions. Even from a\nsingle image of a clothed person, a realistic looking body shape can be\ninferred that captures a users' weight group and body shape type well. This\nopens up a whole spectrum of applications -- in particular in fashion -- where\nvirtual try-on and recommendation systems can make use of these new and\nautomatized cues. However, a realistic depiction of the undressed body is\nregarded highly private and therefore might not be consented by most people.\nHence, we ask if the automatic extraction of such information can be\neffectively evaded. While adversarial perturbations have been shown to be\neffective for manipulating the output of machine learning models -- in\nparticular, end-to-end deep learning approaches -- state of the art shape\nestimation methods are composed of multiple stages. We perform the first\ninvestigation of different strategies that can be used to effectively\nmanipulate the automatic shape estimation while preserving the overall\nappearance of the original image.\n
Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Using Hemostatic Gelatin Matrix (2005)

We describe using hemostatic gelatin matrix (FloSeal; Baxter Inc., Irvine, CA) to provide hemostasis of the tract after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, thereby obviating a nephrostomy tube. For patients who are rendered stone free, a 7F, 11.5-mm occlusion balloon catheter, passed retrograde, is used to occlude the collecting system at the level of entry of the 30F Amplatz sheath. FloSeal is then injected through the partially retracted Amplatz sheath while withdrawing the applicator and the sheath in tandem. The guidewire is withdrawn per urethra until its tip resides in the renal pelvis. A 36-cm, 7F tail stent is passed retrograde, and the skin is closed with cyanoacrylate adhesive (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). A Foley catheter is placed, to be removed the next morning; the patient can be discharged on postoperative day 1. The ureteral stent is removed in 5 to 7 days as an outpatient procedure.
Estimation of camera parameters from image sequence for model-based video coding (1994)

The authors describe a method for estimating camera parameters from image sequences for application to emerging model-based video coding systems. The parameters to be estimated include focal length, zoom, and 3-D rotation parameters. The method consists of first establishing a correspondence and then, estimating the parameters by fitting the correspondence data to a transformation model based on a perspective mapping model and a 3-D rotation and zoom operation model. They show by simulations and experiments that the proposed method successfully estimates the focal length from the image sequences, it explains very well the induced motion field of images undergoing camera operation (3-D rotation and zoom), and that it significantly outperforms conventional estimation methods, especially for wide-angled images. It is anticipated that the proposed method will be successfully applied to compensating for the motion field induced by camera operation in extracting a 3-D object model and a 3-D object motion, and to synchronizing the viewing direction and scale of an image, in model-based video coding technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Therapeutic correction of ApoER2 splicing in Alzheimer's disease mice using antisense oligonucleotides (2016)

Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) is an apolipoprotein E receptor involved in long-term potentiation, learning, and memory. Given its role in cognition and its association with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene, apoE, ApoER2 has been proposed to be involved in AD, though a role for the receptor in the disease is not clear. ApoER2 signaling requires amino acids encoded by alternatively spliced exon 19. Here, we report that the balance of ApoER2 exon 19 splicing is deregulated in postmortem brain tissue from AD patients and in a transgenic mouse model of AD To test the role of deregulated ApoER2 splicing in AD, we designed an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that increases exon 19 splicing. Treatment of AD mice with a single dose of ASO corrected ApoER2 splicing for up to 6 months and improved synaptic function and learning and memory. These results reveal an association between ApoER2 isoform expression and AD, and provide preclinical evidence for the utility of ASOs as a therapeutic approach to mitigate Alzheimer's disease symptoms by improving ApoER2 exon 19 splicing.
Halide vapor phase epitaxy of p-type Mg-doped GaN utilizing MgO (2020)

Halide vapor phase epitaxy of p-type GaN:Mg films was realized by using solid MgO as the Mg source. The Mg concentration was controlled by supplying HCl gas in a MgO source zone. Mg-related photoluminescence peaks were observed at around 3.3 and 2.9 eV. For a sample with a Mg concentration of 2.8 × 1019 cm−3, the Hall-effect measurement showed p-type conduction with a hole concentration and a hole mobility of 1.3 × 1017 cm−3 and 9.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, at room temperature. The Mg acceptor level was 232 ± 15 meV, which is in good agreement with the previous report.
Identifying the receptor subtype selectivity of retinoid X and retinoic acid receptors via quantum mechanics (2016)

Understanding and identifying the receptor subtype selectivity of a ligand is an important issue in the field of drug discovery. Using a combination of classical molecular mechanics and quantum mechanical calculations, this report assesses the receptor subtype selectivity for the human retinoid X receptor (hRXR) and retinoic acid receptor (hRAR) ligand-binding domains (LBDs) complexed with retinoid ligands. The calculated energies show good correlation with the experimentally reported binding affinities. The technique proposed here is a promising method as it reveals the origin of the receptor subtype selectivity of selective ligands.
Carbazole-Based Cyano-Stilbene Highly Fluorescent Microcrystals (2011)

Aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) is reported for 1-cyano-trans-1,2-bis-(4-carbazolyl)phenylethylene (CN-CPE). The weak luminescence of dilute CN-CPE solutions is enhanced upon aggregate formation into 2-3 μm sized crystals. In contrast to general observations, crystal formation of CN-CPE causes a blue-shift in emission and enhances the intensity. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that key factors causing high luminescence efficiency in the crystal are a lack of strong cofacial π-π alignment and the existence of the strong supramolecular interactions due to the intermolecular H-bonding. These factors seem to be responsible for the AIEE phenomenon as molecules of CN-CPE are held in a rigid twisted conformation, thereby increasing the fluorescence intensity in the solid or aggregated states. Accordingly, conformational twisting in the crystal packing process may be responsible for the unusual emission blue-shift in the aggregate.
Micropatterning of Monodisperse Spherical Particles by Electrophoretic Deposition Process Using Interdigitated Microarray Electrode (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ADVANCED FILTERING AND PREDICTION SOFTWARE FOR URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS (1980)

The report describes some improved algorithms for the estimation of traffic flows based on detector data. Since the modern approach to filtering and prediction begins with the development of models for the generation of the data, the report begins by developing three models for the formation and dispersion of queues at a traffic signal and two models for traffic headway statistics. Recent results in the theory of point process (the type of statistics found in traffic) are then used to develop the nonlinear minimum error variance filters/predictors, corresponding to these models, for queue length, platoon size and platoon passage time. It is then demonstrated that these estimators can be implemented in a microprocessor. Finally, the estimators were tested against the UTCS-1 traffic simulator and performed very well.
Generation of shaped THz beams by nonlinear metasurfaces (2018)

We present functional nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces for generation of shaped broadband THz beams. The spatial phase of the emitted THz wavefront is tailored by the distribution of the meta-atoms orientation to control the generation process.
Accurate Inference With Inaccurate RRAM Devices: A Joint Algorithm-Design Solution (2020)

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is a promising technology for energy-efficient neuromorphic accelerators. However, when a pretrained deep neural network (DNN) model is programmed to an RRAM array for inference, the model suffers from accuracy degradation due to RRAM nonidealities, such as device variations, quantization error, and stuck-at-faults. Previous solutions involving multiple read-verify-write (R-V-W) to the RRAM cells require cell-by-cell compensation and, thus, an excessive amount of processing time. In this article, we propose a joint algorithm-design solution to mitigate the accuracy degradation. We first leverage knowledge distillation (KD), where the model is trained with the RRAM nonidealities to increase the robustness of the model under device variations. Furthermore, we propose random sparse adaptation (RSA), which integrates a small on-chip memory with the main RRAM array for postmapping adaptation. Only the on-chip memory is updated to recover the inference accuracy. The joint algorithm-design solution achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy of 99.41% for MNIST (LeNet-5) and 91.86% for CIFAR-10 (VGG-16) with up to 5% parameters as overhead while providing a 15-150× speedup compared with R-V-W.