gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Crack Initiation in Thin-walled High Strength Steel as Modeled by Voronoi-polygons (2010)

The fatigue endurance of TS 590 MPa grade low-alloy precipitation strengthened steel was numerically and experimentally examined. The microstructure was modeled using two-dimensional Voronoi polygons. Heterogeneous stress distributions were calculated using the finite element method, taking elastic anisotropy into consideration. The number of cycles before crack initiation was estimated based on the Tanaka–Mura model. By taking into account the effects of the cyclic strain of the preceding cracks, a definable macroscopic crack initiation cycle was obtained. An actual tensile and compression fatigue test was conducted on the same steel. The stress amplitude decreased as the cycle number increased. Distinct dislocation cell structure was not observed by TEM analysis. The experimental strain fatigue limit was, to some extent, lower than that of the simulation. Surface effects, specimen homogeneity, selection of slip system, and dislocation reversibility are mentioned as the probable causes for the difference.
Highly oriented Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 thin films by pulsed laser evaporation (1989)

We have fabricated superconducting thin films on MgO(100) substrates with nearly pure Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 (2:2:2:3) phase using pulsed laser evaporation and post-annealing. The films had c axes perpendicular to the substrates. Superconducting films with onset temperatures of 125 K and zero resistance at 110 K were obtained. X-ray microprobe fluorescence measurements indicate that a typical composition of films is Tl0.66Ba1.77Ca1.46Cu3Ox, which is low in Tl compared to that expected for the 2:2:2:3 phase. A typical grain size is greater than 10 μm as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.
Optimal stationary self-triggered sampling for estimation (2016)

In this paper, we study optimal stationary sampling for transmission of measurements of a stochastic process from a source encoder to a source decoder through a costly communication channel. We measure information transferred over a time interval by the change in the decoder's entropy regarding the state of the process given the transmitted measurements. In our setting, the encoder employs a sampler to control the information flow in the channel. The problem is casted as a discounted infinite horizon optimization problem that takes into account the transferred information and the paid price. We derive the optimal stationary sampling policy, and propose two computational methods with convergence guarantees by using techniques from approximate dynamic programing. In addition, we introduce two triggering mechanisms based on the value of information and on the covariance threshold that can generate the optimal policy. Finally, we present some numerical and simulation results.
Interstellar (2020)

We show that DNN accelerator micro-architectures and their program mappings represent specific choices of loop order and hardware parallelism for computing the seven nested loops of DNNs, which enables us to create a formal taxonomy of all existing dense DNN accelerators. Surprisingly, the loop transformations needed to create these hardware variants can be precisely and concisely represented by Halide's scheduling language. By modifying the Halide compiler to generate hardware, we create a system that can fairly compare these prior accelerators. As long as proper loop blocking schemes are used, and the hardware can support mapping replicated loops, many different hardware dataflows yield similar energy efficiency with good performance. This is because the loop blocking can ensure that most data references stay on-chip with good locality and the processing units have high resource utilization. How resources are allocated, especially in the memory system, has a large impact on energy and performance. By optimizing hardware resource allocation while keeping throughput constant, we achieve up to 4.2X energy improvement for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), 1.6X and 1.8X improvement for Long Short-Term Memories (LSTMs) and multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), respectively.
A growth hormone antagonist protects mice against streptozotocin induced glomerulosclerosis even in the presence of elevated levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin. (1996)

Transgenic mice expressing growth hormone genes have been shown to have kidney lesions resembling those found in human diabetic patients. However, transgenic mice expressing a growth hormone antagonist gene have normal kidneys. In this study, streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in growth hormone or growth hormone antagonist transgenic mice and total glycated hemoglobin levels were determined. We found streptozotocin treatment resulted in a significant increase in glycated hemoglobin levels in these animals. Despite comparable levels of glycemia and glycated hemoglobin, severe glomerulosclerosis was found in diabetic and nondiabetic growth hormone transgenic mice; moderate glomerulosclerosis was seen in diabetic nontransgenic mice; and normal glomeruli were seen in diabetic and non-diabetic growth hormone antagonist transgenic mice as well as non-diabetic nontransgenic littermates. These results suggest that growth hormone is playing a role in diabetic nephropathy, and elevated levels of growth hormone can directly affect the kidneys independent of the levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin.
Effect of tecarfarin, a novel vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitor, on coagulation in beagle dogs (2009)

Overall, the data presented herein indicate that tecarfarin, via a vitamin K-dependent mechanism, causes changes in key parameters of haemostasis in beagle dogs that are consistent with effective anticoagulation. Compared to warfarin it has a decreased potential to interact metabolically with drugs that inhibit CYP450 enzymes and, therefore, may offer an improved safety profile for patients.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond Migration in the Cycloisomerization of Oxygen‐Tethered 1,6‐Enynes. (2014)

Abstract C—C bond migration into metal carbenoid intermediates generated through the cycloisomerization of oxygen‐tethered 1,6‐enynes (I) and (III) is reported.
“Laser-Induced Densification in Silica and Binary Silica Systems” (1999)

It is well known that sustained high-energy radiation, or excimer laser exposure of silica produces a measurable densification effect. (1-5) There have been of papers purporting to relate excimer laser induced refiactive index changes in fiber Bragg gratings to densification.
Tracheal Tissue Engineering (2014)

We provide a description of the structure and function of the mammalian trachea. This is followed by a discussion of medical conditions and current treatment modalities. We then provide specific examples of tissue engineering as it applies to fabricating the trachea.
Targeted Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides Using Neurotensin Peptides (2020)

Despite recent advances, targeted delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotide to extra-hepatic tissues continues to be a challenging endeavor and efficient ligand-receptor systems need to be identified. To determine the feasibility of using neurotensin to improve the productive uptake of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), we synthesized neurotensin-ASO conjugates and evaluated their cellular uptake and activity in cells and in mice. We performed a comprehensive structure-activity relationship study of the conjugates and determined the influence of ASO charge, ASO length, peptide charge, linker chemistry and ligand identity on receptor binding and internalization. We identified a modified neurotensin peptide capable of improving the cellular uptake and activity of gapmer ASOs in sortilin expressing cells (sixfold) and in spinal cord in mice (twofold). Neurotensin conjugation also improved the potency of morpholino ASO designed to correct splicing of survival motor neuron pre-mRNA in the cortex and striatum after intracerebroventricular injection. Neurotensin-mediated targeted delivery represents a possible approach for enhancing the potency of ASOs with diverse nucleic acid modifications.
Metro network architecture scenarios, equipment requirements and implications for carriers (2001)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. Madamopoulos, M. D. Vaughn, L. Nederlof, and R. E. Wagner, "Metro network architecture scenarios, equipment requirements and implications for carriers," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and International Conference on Quantum Information, 2001 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2001), paper WL2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Section on Novel Techniques for Managing Softwarized Networks (2018)

The softwarization of networks is enabled by the SDN (Software-Defined Networking), NV (Network Virtualization), and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) paradigms, and offers many advantages for network operators, service providers and datacenter providers. Given the strong interest in both industry and academia in the softwarization of telecommunication networks and cloud computing infrastructures, a series of special section was established in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, which aims at the timely publication of recent innovative research results on management of softwarized networks.
Part II: On the Three-Dimensional Filamentation and Failure Modeling of STI Type DeNMOS Device Under Various ESD Conditions (2010)

Time evolution of self-heating and current filamentation are discussed in this paper for shallow-trench-isolation (STI)-type drained-enhanced n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor (DeNMOS) devices. A deeper insight toward regenerative n-p-n action and its impact over various phases of filamentation and the final thermal runaway is presented. A modified STI-type DeNMOS device is proposed in order to achieve an improvement ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim\!\!\hbox{2} \times$</tex></formula> ) in the failure threshold <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(I_{T2})$</tex></formula> and electrostatic discharge (ESD) window <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(V_{T2})$</tex></formula> . The performance and filament behavior of the standard device under charge-device-model-like ESD conditions is also presented, which is further compared with the proposed modified device.
Water Treatment: Are Membranes the Panacea? (2020)

Alongside the rising global water demand, continued stress on current water supplies has sparked interest in using nontraditional source waters for energy, agriculture, industry, and domestic needs. Membrane technologies have emerged as one of the most promising approaches to achieve water security, but implementation of membrane processes for increasingly complex waters remains a challenge. The technical feasibility of membrane processes replacing conventional treatment of alternative water supplies (e.g., wastewater, seawater, and produced water) is considered in the context of typical and emerging water quality goals. This review considers the effectiveness of current technologies (both conventional and membrane based), as well as the potential for recent advancements in membrane research to achieve these water quality goals. We envision the future of water treatment to integrate advanced membranes (e.g., mixed-matrix membranes, block copolymers) into smart treatment trains that achieve several goals, including fit-for-purpose water generation, resource recovery, and energy conservation.
Synthesis of α-CN and α-CF3 N-Heterocycles through Tandem Nucleophilic Additions (2011)

Using a readily available secondary aminoalkyne as starting material, a powerful strategy was discovered to prepare precursors of biologically important unnatural cyclic aminoacids and fluorinated N-heterocycles with important ring sizes (e.g., 5-7) in a one-pot reaction using two nucleophilic additions in a tandem fashion.
Abstract 600: Melanoma and ovarian cancer cells tested for drug sensitivity using anchorage-independent growth (2016)

Abstract This study aims to test patient-derived melanoma and ovarian cancer cells for their sensitivity to clinically available drugs and drug combinations. The experiments were performed by using the growth in low attachment (GILA) assay, which is equivalent to the classic soft-agar assay and allows screening of 3D ex vivo cultures, which resemble the tumor and its microenvironment. To assay tumor cells from malignant lesions we isolated ovarian cancer cells from peritoneal fluid (ascites) derived from patients and melanoma cells from metastatic melanoma patients. The fresh samples were enriched for tumor cells and later cultured in an ex vivo manner on either high- or low-attachment surfaces. These cells were subjected to drug treatments and cellular viability was measured at the end of these experiments. Our experiments demonstrate that the GILA assay is a highly sensitive method for pharmacological tests, as compared to the traditional 2D method (growth on high-attachment surfaces). By using GILA assay we found that melanoma cells are sensitive to drugs that inhibit driver oncogenes, such as BRAF or MEK. In addition, we found interesting targets in metastatic melanoma lesions that carry an unknown mutational background. Drug sensitivity assays for ovarian cancer cells using the GILA approach showed that cancer cells from various patients with the same cancer type display differential sensitivity to drugs. Additionally, ovarian cancer cells were found to have a different drug-sensitivity threshold when grown in spheres. Our studies present an approach that utilizes the unique ability of transformed cells to grow in anchorage-independent conditions and enables ex vivo drug sensitivity testing. This phenotypic approach is complementary to a genetic approach that uses DNA sequencing to identify putative oncogenes that confer sensitivity to drugs designed to specifically inhibit the identified oncoprotein. Citation Format: Asaf Rotem, Benjamin Izar, Levi A. Garraway. Melanoma and ovarian cancer cells tested for drug sensitivity using anchorage-independent growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 600.
The attentional blink in amblyopia (2008)

Amblyopia is a disorder of visual acuity in one eye, thought to arise from suppression by the other eye during development of the visual cortex. In the attentional blink, the second of two targets (T2) in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) stream is difficult to detect and identify when it appears shortly but not immediately after the first target (T1). We investigated the attentional blink seen through amblyopic eyes and found that it was less finely tuned in time than when the 12 amblyopic observers viewed the stimuli with their preferred eyes. T2 performance was slightly better through amblyopic eyes two frames after T1 but worse one frame after T1. Previously (A. V. Popple & D. M. Levi, 2007), we showed that when the targets were red letters in a stream of gray letters (or vice versa), normal observers frequently confused T2 with the letters before and after it (neighbor errors). Observers viewing through their amblyopic eyes made significantly fewer neighbor errors and more T2 responses consisting of letters that were never presented. In normal observers, T1 (on the rare occasions when it was reported incorrectly) was often confused with the letter immediately after it. Viewing through their amblyopic eyes, observers with amblyopia made more responses to the letter immediately before T1. These results suggest that childhood suppression of the input from amblyopic eyes disrupts attentive processing. We hypothesize reduced connectivity between monocularly tuned lower visual areas, subcortical structures that drive foveal attention, and more frontal regions of the brain responsible for letter recognition and working memory. Perhaps when viewing through their amblyopic eyes, the observers were still processing the letter identity of a prior distractor when the color flash associated with the target was detected. After T1, unfocused temporal attention may have bound together erroneously the features of succeeding letters, resulting in the appearance of letters that were not actually presented. These findings highlight the role of early (monocular) visual processes in modulating the attentional blink, as well as the role of attention in amblyopic visual deficits.
Dielectric polarizability of SiO 2 in niobiosilicate glasses (2023)

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms contributing to dielectric properties of glasses is critical for designing new compositions for microwave frequency applications. In this work, dielectric permittivity was measured using a cavity perturbation technique at 10 GHz for a series of niobiosilicate glasses with the compositions (100‐2 x )SiO 2 ‐ x Nb 2 O 5 ‐ x Li 2 O where x = 32.5, 30, 25, and 15 mol%. Permittivity measurements and glass compositions were used to calculate the polarizability of each cation‐anion unit in the glass network using the Clausius‐Mossotti equation. The SiO 2 polarizability in niobiosilicates was calculated to be 6.16 Å 3 , which is much higher than the SiO 2 polarizability in fused silica glass (5.25 Å 3 ), alkali modified silicates (5.37 Å 3 ), and aluminosilicates (5.89 Å 3 ). The increasing trend in SiO 2 polarizability is attributed to the disruption in the connectivity of the SiO 4 tetrahedral network as it accommodates different network formers. The high SiO 2 polarizability of 6.16 Å 3 accurately predicts measured dielectric permittivity when Nb 2 O 5 = 25, 30, and 32.5 mol%, but overpredicts measured permittivity when Nb 2 O 5 ≤ 15 mol%, which is attributed to a decrease in SiO 2 polarizability as the percentage of corner sharing SiO 4 tetrahedra with NbO 6 octahedra goes down. This work demonstrates that SiO 2 polarizability depends on chemistry and connectivity of the glass, which has important implications in designing glass compositions for microwave frequency applications.
OP36 Efficacy and safety of combination induction therapy with guselkumab and golimumab in participants with moderately-to-severely active Ulcerative Colitis: Results through week 12 of a phase 2a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, proof-of-concept study (2022)

Abstract Background Preclinical data from a murine model of acute colitis suggest that dual blockade of interleukin(IL)-23 and TNFα more effectively prevented the development of colonic inflammation than each monotherapy. Guselkumab(GUS), an IL-23p19 subunit antagonist, is being studied in inflammatory bowel disease. Golimumab(GOL), a TNFα antagonist, is approved for ulcerative colitis(UC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination induction therapy with GUS+GOL vs GUS or GOL alone in adults with moderately-to-severely active UC. Methods 214 patients(pts) naïve to TNFα antagonists and refractory or intolerant to conventional therapy(ie, immunomodulators and/or corticosteroids) were randomly assigned to receive GUS 200mg intravenous(IV) at weeks(wks) 0, 4, and 8(n=71); GOL 200mg subcutaneous(SC) at wk0 then 100mg SC at wks2, 6, and 10(n=72); or combination with GUS 200mg IV+GOL 200mg SC at wk0, GOL 100mg SC at wks2, 6, and 10, and GUS 200mg IV at wks4 and 8(n=71). The primary endpoint was clinical response at wk12; the major secondary endpoint was clinical remission at wk12. Other key endpoints were clinical remission based on the modified Mayo score (mMayo), symptomatic remission, endoscopic improvement, endoscopic normalization, histologic remission, composite histologic-endoscopic endpoints, and biomarker outcomes. Results Baseline disease characteristics were similar among groups(Table 1), however a greater proportion of pts in both monotherapy groups had pancolitis vs the combination group. A greater proportion of pts who received combination therapy achieved clinical response at wk12(83.1%) vs GUS(74.6%) or GOL(61.1%)(Table 2). Similarly, the proportion of pts who achieved clinical remission in the combination group(36.6%) was greater than that of monotherapy groups(21.1% and 22.2%, respectively). Clinical remission by mMayo score, endoscopic improvement, histologic remission, both histologic remission and endoscopic improvement, and biomarker normalization (calprotectin, CRP) rates at wk12 were also greater in the combination group vs GUS or GOL. Percentages of pts with endoscopic normalization and both histologic remission and endoscopic normalization were nearly double with combination therapy vs either monotherapy. Adverse event(AE), serious AE, and infection rates were comparable among treatment groups. One pt receiving combination therapy experienced a serious infection of influenza and sepsis. No deaths, malignancies, or TB cases were reported through wk12. Conclusion Combination induction treatment with GUS+GOL more effectively induced clinical response, clinical remission, and endoscopic improvement at wk12 than either monotherapy alone. AE rates were comparable among the treatment groups.
Patient repositioning and pressure ulcer risk�Monitoring interface pressures of at-risk patients (2013)

Repositioning patients regularly to prevent pressure ulcers and reduce interface pressures is the standard of care, yet prior work has found that standard repositioning does not relieve all areas of at-risk tissue in nondisabled subjects. To determine whether this holds true for high-risk patients, we assessed the effectiveness of routine repositioning in relieving at-risk tissue of the perisacral area using interface pressure mapping. Bedridden patients at risk for pressure ulcer formation (n = 23, Braden score <18) had their perisacral skin-bed interface pressures recorded every 30 s while they received routine repositioning care for 4-6 h. All participants had specific skin areas (206 +/- 182 cm(2)) that exceeded elevated pressure thresholds for >95% of the observation period. Thirteen participants were observed in three distinct positions (supine, turned left, turned right), and all had specific skin areas (166 +/- 184 cm(2)) that exceeded pressure thresholds for >95% of the observation period. At-risk patients have skin areas that are likely always at risk throughout their hospital stay despite repositioning. Healthcare providers are unaware of the actual tissue-relieving effectiveness (or lack thereof) of their repositioning interventions, which may partially explain why pressure ulcer mitigation strategies are not always successful. Relieving at-risk tissue is a necessary part of pressure ulcer prevention, but the repositioning practice itself needs improvement.