gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense Oligonucleotide Activation via Enzymatic Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism (2023)

The structure and mechanism of the bacterial enzyme β-lactamase have been well-studied due to its clinical role in antibiotic resistance. β-Lactamase is known to hydrolyze the β-lactam ring of the cephalosporin scaffold, allowing a spontaneous self-immolation to occur. Previously, cephalosporin-based sensors have been developed to evaluate β-lactamase expression in both mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos. Here, we present a circular caged morpholino oligonucleotide (cMO) activated by β-lactamase-mediated cleavage of a cephalosporin motif capable of silencing the expression of T-box transcription factor Ta (<i>tbxta</i>), also referred to as <i>no tail a</i> (<i>ntla</i>), eliciting a distinct, observable phenotype. We explore the use of β-lactamase to elicit a biological response in aquatic embryos for the first time and expand the utility of cephalosporin as a cleavable linker beyond targeting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The addition of β-lactamase to the current suite of enzymatic triggers presents unique opportunities for robust, orthogonal control over endogenous gene expression in a spatially resolved manner.
KCC2 rescues functional deficits in human neurons derived from patients with Rett syndrome (2016)

Rett syndrome is a severe form of autism spectrum disorder, mainly caused by mutations of a single gene methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) on the X chromosome. Patients with Rett syndrome exhibit a period of normal development followed by regression of brain function and the emergence of autistic behaviors. However, the mechanism behind the delayed onset of symptoms is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that neuron-specific K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter2 (KCC2) is a critical downstream gene target of MeCP2. We found that human neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with Rett syndrome showed a significant deficit in KCC2 expression and consequently a delayed GABA functional switch from excitation to inhibition. Interestingly, overexpression of KCC2 in MeCP2-deficient neurons rescued GABA functional deficits, suggesting an important role of KCC2 in Rett syndrome. We further identified that RE1-silencing transcriptional factor, REST, a neuronal gene repressor, mediates the MeCP2 regulation of KCC2. Because KCC2 is a slow onset molecule with expression level reaching maximum later in development, the functional deficit of KCC2 may offer an explanation for the delayed onset of Rett symptoms. Our studies suggest that restoring KCC2 function in Rett neurons may lead to a potential treatment for Rett syndrome.
POS-329 TREATMENT PATTERNS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS WITH HYPERKALEMIA: A REPORT FROM THE DISCOVER CKD RETROSPECTIVE COHORT (2021)

Hyperkalemia (HK), defined as serum potassium (sK+) >5.0 mmol/L, is a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from dysfunctional K+ homeostasis or use of medications such as renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi). Patients with CKD are at higher risk of HK, yet pharmacological management with regards to RAASi and treatment of HK remains suboptimal and rarely used. This real-world study describes treatment patterns in patients with CKD and HK across geographies.
Run-time reconfiguration of communication in SIMD architectures (2006)

SIMD processors are increasingly used in embedded systems for multi-media applications because of their area- and energy-efficiency. Communication between the processing elements (PEs) in an SIMD processor has remained a cause of inefficiency however; the SIMD concept prescribes that all PEs communicate in the same clock cycle. Existing SIMD architectures solve this problem either by multi-hop communication (causing cycle overhead), or by a fully connected communication network (causing area overhead). To solve the communication bottleneck, we propose a reconfigurable SIMD architecture (RC-SIMD) with a set of delay-lines in the instruction bus, distributing the accesses to the communication network over time. We can (re-) configure the size and number of delay-lines, a specific configuration representing a trade-off between the number of clock cycles and the length of a clock period. Reconfiguration time is typically much less than 1% of the execution time of an algorithm, and the extra configuration hardware is less than 2%. Experiments show that our reconfigurable architecture achieves (on average) more than 10% performance improvement over a non-reconfigurable architecture.
Analysis and simulation of the CLTD feedback from the Multiflow assisting cell (2013)

The latest 3GPP Rel-11 is characterized by a number of new features, where a few of them specifically address UE performance at the cell edge. In particular, uplink CLTD aims at reducing the UE transmission power, and/or improving the received SINR, by steering a transmission beam towards the base station based by sending appropriate feedback information. At the same time, the downlink Multiflow improves noticeably the cell edge performance as a UE receives simultaneously data from two neighboring cells. What remains unclear and is still under study, is the overall system behavior when these features are combined together. Furthermore, there is a special interest in providing the CLTD feedback from the so-called Multiflow assisting cell, which can mitigate the link imbalance and enable Multiflow operation for larger handover areas.
Differential Mueller-matrix formalism for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (2015)

The differential Mueller matrix offers useful insight into the polarization properties of biological tissue imaged with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. We present the theory and experimentally demonstrate local depolarization in addition to local retardation.
Interaction of drive modulation and cable parameters on AC motor transients (1997)

This paper investigates overvoltage transients on AC induction motors when connected through a cable of arbitrary length to a variable frequency drive (VFD) consisting of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter with insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power devices. Factors contributing to a motor overvoltage transient equal to a theoretical twice DC bus voltage are first described using existing transmission line analysis. A critical cable distance I/sub c/ is defined where this 2-pu overvoltage occurs. However, literature is lacking on flow motor voltage transients >2-pu bus voltage and up to 3-4 pu are generated. This phenomenon is observed on all PWM inverters with output cable lengths greater than l/sub c/ distance. Contributing factors to the >2-pu overvoltage phenomenon are investigated by exploring the complex interaction between drive modulation techniques, carrier frequency selected, cable natural frequency of oscillation, cable high-frequency damping losses, and, to a lesser extent, inverter output rise time. Theoretical calculations of cable frequency and damping are correlated with simulation and experimental results. Novel modifications to the PWM modulator, as well as external hardware apparatus, are proposed solutions to the >2-pu overvoltage problem; both are simulated and experimentally confirmed.
Reversible and pH-dependent weak drug-excipient binding does not affect oral bioavailability of high dose drugs (2012)

A pH-dependent and reversible weak drug-excipient binding interaction is unlikely to affect the oral bioavailability of high dose drugs.
Design and analysis of an axisymmetric phased array fed Gregorian reflector system for limited scanning (2016)

An axisymmetric phased array fed confocal parabolic Gregorian reflector system is explored. The antenna utilizes a planar phased array located near the vertex of the primary reflector. Numerical electromagnetic simulations based on the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) were used to analyze and optimize the antenna parameters for limited scanning. Simulations of the scanning performance of a dual reflector system with a 2 meter diameter primary reflector operating at Ku band are presented.
Evaluating User Actions as a Proxy for Email Significance (2019)

Email remains a critical channel for communicating information in both personal and work accounts. The number of emails people receive every day can be overwhelming, which in turn creates challenges for efficient information management and consumption. Having a good estimate of the significance of emails forms the foundation for many downstream tasks (e.g. email prioritization); but determining significance at scale is expensive and challenging.
Supplementary Figures from A Critical Role for Fas-Mediated Off-Target Tumor Killing in T-cell Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S5&lt;/p&gt;
Epicardial adipose tissue related to left atrial and ventricular function in heart failure with preserved versus reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction (2022)

Epicardial adipose tissue thickness is greater in patients with HFpEF than HFrEF/HFmrEF. Increased EAT thickness is associated with worse LA and LV function in HFpEF but the opposite in HFrEF/HFmrEF.
Electroless Ni/Pd/Au plating for semiconductor package substrates-effect of gold plating combinations on gold wire bonding reliability (2010)

In order to investigate the root causes of the good wire bonding reliability in electroless Ni/Pd/Au plating (ENEPIGEG), the wire bonding reliability of the combinations with electrolytic and electroless processes were evaluated. The reliability of ENEPIGEG and electrolytic Ni (SB-Watt)/IGEG were equivalent to that of the conventional electrolytic Ni (SB-Watt)/electrolytic Au and were excellent. The reliability of electrolytic Ni (SB-Watt)/IGEG was higher than that of EN/Electrolytic Au after heat treatment. We found that the grain size of the gold deposit coordinated with the grain size of the underplated Ni deposit with the epitaxial crystal growth. The large grain size of the gold deposit decreased the grain boundary of the gold deposit and reduced the grain boundary diffusion from the underplated metals onto the gold plating. We concluded that the wire bonding reliability after heat treatment depended on the diffusion behavior of the underplated metals and the grain size of the gold deposit.
BL6/C57-Mäuse etablieren spontan eine bevorzugte TCRab-CD8-T-Zellimmunantwort gegen B16 Melanomzellen, die im Verlauf der Tumorabstoßung nach GMCSF verloren geht (2004)

Nach subkutaner Injektion von B16-Melanomzellen (F10 und Wildtyp) entwickeln BL6/C57 Mäuse eine antitumorale CD8 Antwort, die jedoch keine effektive Abtötung der Melanomzellen bedingt. Innerhalb der Tumor-infiltrierenden CD8-Zellen dominiert eine „semi-public“ Antwort mit der bevorzugten Induktion von Vb11-positiven CD8 Zellen, bei denen ein Rearrangement der b-Kette des T-Zellrezeptors von Vb11 mit Jb2.1 mit einer CDR3-Länge von 9 aa bzw. 10 aa zu finden war. Diese CD8-Expansion ist bei verschiedenen Tumoren und innerhalb verschiedener Versuchstiere wiederholt zu finden und gegen ein Kb-restringiertes Epitop des Tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 gerichtet. Injektion von B16 Melanomzellen, die mit dem Gen für den murinen granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) transfiziert sind etablieren eine persistierende Immunität gegen B16-Melanome, die über Monate erhalten bleibt und ein Wachstum der Tumorzellen verhindert. Untersuchungen zum anti-tumoralen T-Zellrepertoire dieser Mäuse zeigen jedoch einen Verlust der dominanten Vb11-Jb2.1-Expansion und eine Veränderung des Repertoires hin zur polyklonalen Immunantwort. Konsequenterweise scheint die Tumor-protektive Wirkung der GMCSF-transfoziertzen B16-zellen mit einem Verlust der dominanten Melanom-assoziierten „semi-publiken“ T-Zellantwort und mit einer „Verbreiterung“ des aktivierten T-Zellrepertoires assoziiert
Syntheses and biological activities of potent potassium channel openers derived from (.+-.)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-yl-cyclohexanecarbothioic acid methylamide: new potassium channel openers (1993)

The syntheses and biological activities of (+/-)-2-(cyanomethylene)-1-pyridin-3-ylcyclohexanecarbothioic++ + acid methylamide (6) and trans-(+/-)-2-(cyanomethyl)-1-pyridin-3-ylcyclohexanecarbothioic acid methylamide (14) derived from (+/-)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylcyclohexanecarbothioic acid methylamide (4) are reported. Compounds were tested for antagonism of potassium-induced contraction of de-endothelialized rat aorta. The effects of modification of 6 and 14 on in vitro K(+)-channel opening activity are presented. These new series of potassium channel openers so derived are best exemplified by (+/-)-2-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethylidene]-1-pyridin-3-ylcyclohexan ecarbothioic acid methylamide (13d, RP 66266) and trans-(+/-)-2-[2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl]-1-pyridin-3- ylcyclohexanecarbothioic acid methylamide (25a, RP 66784), which have IC90 values of 3 and 0.3 nM, respectively. The potency of the most active compounds indicates a possible interaction at an extra binding site. The compounds described herein are potential antihypertensive and antianginal agents.
Confined buckling in thin sheets and its correlation to ripplocations: A deformation mechanism in layered solids (2021)

Recently, we have established that, when loaded in compression, edge-on, atomic layers in layered solid can fail by buckling. The resulting structure is termed a ripplocation. When more than one layer buckles, they outline standing waves with boundaries that we labeled ripplocation boundaries that are nearly fully recoverable. In this paper, we examine buckling of layers at the centimeter level to explore continuum buckling theory and its applicability to atomic layers. Specifically, we examine buckling by confining and cyclically loading thin steel sheets, edge-on, determining that increasing confining pressure, sheet thickness, and/or decreasing the number of layers increases the buckling load. Concomitantly, the resulting wavelengths and amplitudes are reduced. A nonlinear, folding mechanics model, which accounts for frictional bending and foundation energies, is adapted and verified on our experimental results. We also demonstrate that Coulombic friction between the layers can account for the energy dissipated per cycle. The predicted values of buckling nucleation loads and number of modes from the model are in good agreement---at low levels of confinement---with continuum and atomistic scale results. The wavelength estimates from the model correlate surprisingly well with the continuum buckling results; however, likely due to the complex mechanics at the lower length scales and limiting theoretical assumptions in the derivation, the accuracy decreases at the atomistic scale and at higher confining pressures.
The unexplored terrain of compiler warnings (2022)

The authors' industry experiences suggest that compiler warnings, a lightweight version of program analysis, are valuable early bug detection tools. Significant costs are associated with patches and security bulletins for issues that could have been avoided if compiler warnings were addressed. Yet, the industry's attitude towards compiler warnings is mixed. Practices range from silencing all compiler warnings to having a zero-tolerance policy as to any warnings. Current published data indicates that addressing compiler warnings early is beneficial. However, support for this value theory stems from grey literature or is anecdotal. Additional focused research is needed to truly assess the cost-benefit of addressing warnings.
LOW-COST, CORROSION-RESISTANT COATINGS FOR STEEL REBARS AND COMPONENTS (1995)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project scaled up a coating process developed in a previous Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) IDEA investigation to produce corrosion-resistant Si-Ti coating on steel rebars using fluidized bed technology. The scaled-up reactor system did not appear feasible for commercial scale use. A simple coating process involving spray painting Si-Ti mixture (along with a flux) followed by low heat treatment (about 600 deg C) was found more practical. Paint-and-heat and plasma spray using metal powders coated in a fluidized bed reactor produced fairly thick metallic coatings resistant to chloride corrosion. The paint-and-heat and plasma spray techniques can be applied on new and existing steel components and structures.
Catalytic Synthesis of n-Alkyl Arenes through Alkyl Group Cross-Metathesis (2013)

n-Alkyl arenes were prepared in a one-pot tandem dehydrogenation/olefin metathesis/hydrogenation sequence directly from alkanes and ethylbenzene. Excellent selectivity was observed when ((tBu)PCP)IrH2 was paired with tungsten monoaryloxide pyrrolide complexes such as W(NAr)(C3H6)(pyr)(OHIPT) (1a) [Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3; pyr = pyrrolide; OHIPT = 2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3O]. Complex 1a was also especially active in n-octane self-metathesis, providing the highest product concentrations reported to date. The thermal stability of selected olefin metathesis catalysts allowed elevated temperatures and extended reaction times to be employed.
High Frequency Solidly Mounted Resonator Using LN Single Crystal Thin Plate (2020)

In this study, the solidly mounted resonators (SMRs) using the thickness expansion (TE) mode of LiNbO3 (LN) single crystal thin plate were investigated. The dispersion curves of the rotated Y-LN plate were drawn by plotting the admittance calculated by FEM. From the calculated dispersion curves, the vibration mode and the energy trapping were confirmed. An SMR composed of an Al electrode, a 1 μm thick 20°Y-LN single crystal plate, an acoustic multilayer and a Si substrate was fabricated. TE mode with 7.1% bandwidth and 34.3 dB impedance ratio was observed at 3.2 GHz. 1.7 GHz thickness shear (TS) mode response was also excited since the fabricated 20°Y-LN SMR was not optimized in terms of the Euler angle of LN. The frequency characteristics could be improved by optimizing the Euler angle and electrode structures.
A protocol switching algorithm for developing network management application (2002)

We present a few quantitative performance evaluation models for the network performance of a network management application regarding three different communication paradigms: RPC (remote procedure call), mobile agent and locker pattern. Based on this model, we then propose a PS (protocol switching) algorithm that determines efficient interaction patterns from many paradigms for developing a network management application. We show that it can reduce overall network execution time by determining the best interaction patterns to perform network management operations by this algorithm. We believe that the model proposed here should help us to decide appropriate paradigms and interaction patterns for developing network management applications.
X‐band ESEEM spectroscopy of 15N substituted native and inhibitor‐bound superoxide dismutase (1994)

The hyperfine couplings of the remote nitrogens of histidine ligands are determined for the first time by an X-band ESEEM spectroscopy study of 15N-substituted superoxide dismutase (SOD). They show a significant difference between two groups of ligands with different orientation relative to the metal ion. The ESEEM spectra of 15N SOD with cyanide as an inhibitor containing 14N and 15N are also discussed. They allow some conclusions to be drawn about structural changes upon inhibitor binding and indicate the necessity of further multifrequency investigations.
In situ Dissolution Analysis of Ultrathin Extreme Ultraviolet Resists (2012)

With extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists reaching resolution capabilities beyond the 20 nm half-pitch line and space patterns, a trend has emerged in applying ultrathin resists (film thickness less than 60 nm) to compensate for possible issues in resolution-limiting pattern collapse and line width roughness, among other aspects. Thus, a clear understanding of the pattern mechanisms of resists at these extreme conditions is necessary. This paper focuses on the pattern formation characteristics of various EUV resist platforms for ultrathin films during dissolution by using in situ high-speed atomic force microscopy in liquid. As a result, it was observed that, regardless of the resist platform, there is a decrease in the size of the “dissolution clusters” at ultrathin conditions. Such fundamental information on ultrathin resist films may provide possible pointers to further extend the potential of EUV resists for achieving higher resolution limits and minimal line width roughness.
Determination of 2′,3′‐Dideoxyinosine Using Iron (II) Phthalocyanine Modified Carbon Paste Electrode (2004)

Abstract An amperometric sensor, based on carbon paste impregnated with iron (II) phthalocyanine complex (FePc), has been constructed for the assay of anti‐HIV agent dideoxyinosine (didanosine, DDI). Using chronoamperometry (E = +1.04 V versus Ag/AgCl) technique, the amperometric sensor can be used reliably for dideoxyinosine assay at pH 7.4 phosphate buffer in the 1.5–9.5 nmol/L concentration range with a detection limit of 5.7 × 10−10 mol/L. The surface of the electrode can easily be regenerated by simple polishing, obtaining a fresh surface ready for use in a new assay. The new amperometric sensor proved to be highly reliable for the assay of dideoxyinosine purity in raw material as well as for the uniformity content test of Videx® tablets.
Composite Measures of Individual and Area-Level Socio-Economic Status Are Associated with Visual Impairment in Singapore (2015)

In this community-based sample of Asian adults, both individual- and area-level SES were independently associated with the presence and severity of VI.
Electrospray ionization with ambient pressure ion mobility separation and mass analysis by orthogonal time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2001)

Rapid screening and identification of drug and other mixtures are possible using a novel ambient pressure high-resolution ion mobility (APIMS) orthogonal reflector time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). Departing ions from the APIMS drift tube traversed a pressure interface between the APIMS and TOFMS where they were subjected to numerous gas collisions that could produce selective fragmentation. By increasing the accelerating field in the pressure interface region, the ions generated using water-cooled electrospray ionization (ESI) underwent collision-induced dissociation (CID). Mixtures of ESI ions were separated by APIMS based on their respective size-to-charge (s/z) ratios while CID and analysis of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios occurred in the pressure interface and TOFMS. Product ions that were formed in this pressure interface region could be readily assigned to precursor ions by matching the mobility drift times. This process was demonstrated by the examination of a mixture of amphetamines and the resulting fragmentation patterns of the mobility-separated precursor ion species [M + H](+).
Classical and anomalous transport processes in the auroral return current region (1988)

The classical and anomalous tranpsort properties of a multifluid plasma consisting of H+, O+, and electron populations in the presence of auroral field-aligned return currents are investigated using a multimoment fluid model with anomalous transport coefficients. This approach offers the possibility of simulating large-scale dynamic phenomena without neglecting the important macroscopic consequences of microscopic processes such as anomalous resistivity, turbulent heating, etc. The macroscopic effects of the electrostatic ion-cyclotron (EIC) instability (perpendicular ion heating) and of an EIC-related anomalous resistivity mechanism which heats the electrons are included in the present version of the model. The responses of the outflowing ionospheric plasma to the application of current and instabilities are exhibited. Downward electron heat flow competes with upward convection and adiabatic effects to determine the direction of the electron temperature anisotropy. Resistive electron heating lowers the critical drift velocity for marginal EIC stability and leads to enhanced ion heating.