gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action of 4‐substituted phenols to induce vitiligo and antimelanoma immunity (2019)

Monobenzone is a 4-substituted phenol that can induce vitiligo and antimelanoma immunity. We investigated the influence of the chemical structure on the biological activity of a series of structurally related 4-substituted phenols. All phenols inhibited cellular melanin synthesis, and eight of ten phenols inhibited tyrosinase activity, using the MBTH assay. These phenols also induced glutathione (GSH) depletion, indicative of quinone formation and protein thiol binding, which can increase the immunogenicity of melanosomal proteins. Specific T-cell activation was found upon stimulation with phenol-exposed pigmented cells, which also reacted with unexposed cells. In contrast, 4-tertbutylphenol induced immune activation was not restricted to pigment cells, analogous to contact sensitization. We conclude that 4-substituted phenols can induce specific T-cell responses against melanocytes and melanoma cells, also acting at distant, unexposed body sites, and may confer a risk of chemical vitiligo. Conversely, these phenols may be applicable to induce specific antimelanoma immunity.
Drag reduction in elliptic orbits by controlling solar array aspect (1998)

Communications performance considerations suggest that non-traditional, eccentric orbits with relatively low perigee heights offer economic advantages in the development of global mobile communications systems. However, the low perigee height results in significant atmospheric drag and frequent station-keeping maneuvers. This is particularly the case if the spacecraft is equipped with sizable solar panels. The current paper investigates the possibility of orienting the solar panels parallel to the direction of the motion (in trail) in the portion of the orbit near perigee.
Preparation, characterization, and structural analysis of d8 palladium and platinum compounds containing amino acid ester derivatized diimine ligands. Observation of liquid crystal behavior (2017)

Eight new compounds, M(pyca(CH2)xCOOR)Cl2, M = Pd, Pt; R = Me, Et; x = 2, 3, 5, 11, were prepared. The resulting new complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and each was also structurally elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The compounds share general structural features, but there are differences in the alignment of the alkyl chain; as the chain lengthens, the chain straightens relative to the plane of the metal complex. For the dodecanoic ester derivatives, a nearly linear alkyl chain was observed. These longer alkyl derivatives show mesogenic behavior.
Structural changes of polyaniline/montmorillonite nanocomposites and their effects on physical properties (2003)

Polyaniline/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites containing different PANI contents were prepared by the intercalation of aniline monomer into pristine MMT followed by the subsequent oxidative polymerization of the aniline in the interlayer spacings. The polyaniline/MMT nanocomposite structure intercalated with polyaniline (PANI) was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the (001) reflection peaks in the XRD patterns, the PANI/MMT nanocomposite containing 12.3 wt% PANI (PMN12) was found to be in the most disordered state. The physical interaction between the intercalated PANI and the basal surfaces of MMT was monitored by FT-IR. The room-temperature conductivity (σRT) varied from 9.1 × 10−9 to 1.5 × 100 S cm−1 depending on the PANI content in the nanocomposites. The temperature dependence of dc conductivity (σdc(T)) of all the samples follows the quasi-1D variable range hopping (quasi-1D VRH) model (i.e., σdc(T) ∝ exp [−(T0/T)1/2]). The charge transport behavior of this system was interpreted from the slopes (T0) of the σdc curves and the highest T0 value was found for the PANI/MMT nanocomposite with 12.3 wt% PANI (PMN12). The FT-IR, σdc(T) and σRT results for the nanocomposites with varying content of PANI are consistently related to the structure of the PANI/MMT nanocomposites discussed in the XRD analysis. The structural argument was further supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of all the samples. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed improved thermal stability for the intercalated nanocomposites in comparison with the pure PANI and a simple PANI/MMT mixture.
Scalable Global Alignment Graph Kernel Using Random Features (2019)

Graph kernels are widely used for measuring the similarity between graphs. Many existing graph kernels, which focus on local patterns within graphs rather than their global properties, suffer from significant structure information loss when representing graphs. Some recent global graph kernels, which utilizes the alignment of geometric node embeddings of graphs, yield state-of-the-art performance. However, these graph kernels are not necessarily positive-definite. More importantly, computing the graph kernel matrix will have at least quadratic time complexity in terms of the number and the size of the graphs. In this paper, we propose a new family of global alignment graph kernels, which take into account the global properties of graphs by using geometric node embeddings and an associated node transportation based on earth mover's distance. Compared to existing global kernels, the proposed kernel is positive-definite. Our graph kernel is obtained by defining a distribution over random graphs, which can naturally yield random feature approximations. The random feature approximations lead to our graph embeddings, which is named as "random graph embeddings" (RGE). In particular, RGE is shown to achieve (quasi-)linear scalability with respect to the number and the size of the graphs. The experimental results on nine benchmark datasets demonstrate that RGE outperforms or matches twelve state-of-the-art graph classification algorithms.
Supplementary Fig. 2 from Antitumor Activity of a Kinesin Inhibitor (2023)

Supplementary Fig. 2 from Antitumor Activity of a Kinesin Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill (2020)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread across the globe, and millions of people may be affected. While knowledge regarding epidemiologic features and diagnostic tools of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving, uncertainties surrounding various aspects of its optimal management strategies persist. A subset of these patients develop a more severe form of the disease characterized by expanding pulmonary lesions, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory failure. Due to lack of data on treatment strategies specific to this subset of patients, currently available evidence on management of the critically ill needs to be extrapolated and customized to their clinical needs. The article calls attention to fluid stewardship in the critically ill with COVID-19 by judiciously applying the evidence-based resuscitation principles to their specific clinical features such as high rates of cardiac injury. As we await more data from treating these patients, this strategy is likely to help reduce potential complications.
Meßtechnische Untersuchungen zur Datenübertragung über Fernsprechkanäle mit Hilfe eines flexiblen Experimentiersystems (1980)

Article Meßtechnische Untersuchungen zur Datenübertragung über Fernsprechkanäle mit Hilfe eines flexiblen Experimentiersystems was published on April 1, 1980 in the journal Frequenz (volume 34, issue 4).
Single‐Domain Multiferroic Array‐Addressable Terfenol‐D (SMArT) Micromagnets for Programmable Single‐Cell Capture and Release (2021)

Programming magnetic fields with microscale control can enable automation at the scale of single cells ≈10 µm. Most magnetic materials provide a consistent magnetic field over time but the direction or field strength at the microscale is not easily modulated. However, magnetostrictive materials, when coupled with ferroelectric material (i.e., strain-mediated multiferroics), can undergo magnetization reorientation due to voltage-induced strain, promising refined control of magnetization at the micrometer-scale. This work demonstrates the largest single-domain microstructures (20 µm) of Terfenol-D (Tb<sub>0.3</sub> Dy<sub>0.7</sub> Fe<sub>1.92</sub> ), a material that has the highest magnetostrictive strain of any known soft magnetoelastic material. These Terfenol-D microstructures enable controlled localization of magnetic beads with sub-micrometer precision. Magnetically labeled cells are captured by the field gradients generated from the single-domain microstructures without an external magnetic field. The magnetic state on these microstructures is switched through voltage-induced strain, as a result of the strain-mediated converse magnetoelectric effect, to release individual cells using a multiferroic approach. These electronically addressable micromagnets pave the way for parallelized multiferroics-based single-cell sorting under digital control for biotechnology applications.
Identification of novel transaminases from a 12‐aminododecanoic acid‐metabolizing P seudomonas strain (2015)

A Pseudomonas species [Pseudomonas sp. strain amino alkanoate catabolism (AAC)] was identified that has the capacity to use 12-aminododecanoic acid, the constituent building block of homo-nylon-12, as a sole nitrogen source. Growth of Pseudomonas sp. strain AAC could also be supported using a range of additional ω-amino alkanoates. This metabolic function was shown to be most probably dependent upon one or more transaminases (TAs). Fourteen genes encoding putative TAs were identified from the genome of Pseudomonas sp. AAC. Each of the 14 genes was cloned, 11 of which were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and tested for activity against 12-aminododecanoic acid. In addition, physiological functions were proposed for 9 of the 14 TAs. Of the 14 proteins, activity was demonstrated in 9, and of note, 3 TAs were shown to be able to catalyse the transfer of the ω-amine from 12-aminododecanoic acid to pyruvate. Based on this study, three enzymes have been identified that are promising biocatalysts for the production of nylon and related polymers.
Closing the Gap Between Stability and Schedulability: A New Task Model for Cyber-Physical Systems (2018)

A cyber-physical system (CPS) usually contains multiple control loops, each responsible for controlling different physical subprocesses, that run simultaneously upon a shared platform. The foremost design goal for CPSes is to guarantee system stability and control quality with limited cyber resources. We show, via an in-depth case study, that two inter-related design parameters - sampling period and consecutive control update misses - play a key role in determining stability and control performance. However, most CPS designs, such as control-schedule co-design and fault-tolerant scheduling, focus on either sampling period or control update misses alone, but not both. To remedy this problem, we propose a new CPS task model that captures both system stability and control performance in terms of sampling period and maximum allowable number of consecutive control update misses. To demonstrate the utility and power of this model, we develop two new scheduling mechanisms, offline parameter assignment and online state-aware scheduling. The former determines the sampling period and the maximum allowable number of consecutive job deadline misses for each task while preserving system stability. The latter then generates a schedule by exploiting the state of each physical subprocess to manage job deadline misses so as to improve the overall system performance without compromising system stability. Our in-depth evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed task model and the corresponding scheduling algorithm not only enable the efficient use of computing resource, but also significantly improve control performance without compromising system stability.
Fluorine Compounds, Organic (2016)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Production Processes 2.1. Substitution of Hydrogen 2.2. Halogen–Fluorine Exchange 2.3. Synthesis from Fluorinated Synthons 2.4. Addition of Hydrogen Fluoride to Unsaturated Bonds 2.5. Miscellaneous Methods 2.6. Purification and Analysis 3. Fluorinated Alkanes 3.1. Fluoroalkanes and Perfluoroalkanes 3.2. Chlorofluoroalkanes 3.3. Bromofluoroalkanes 3.4. Iodofluoroalkanes 4. Fluorinated Olefins 4.1. Tetrafluoroethylene 4.2. Hexafluoropropene 4.3. 1,1-Difluoroethylene 4.4. Monofluoroethylene 4.5. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene 4.6. 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-prop-1-ene 4.7. Chlorofluoroolefins 5. Fluorinated Alcohols 6. Fluorinated Ethers 6.1. Perfluoroethers 6.1.1. Low Molecular Mass Perfluoroethers 6.1.2. Perfluorinated Epoxides 6.1.3. High Molecular Mass Perfluoroethers 6.2. Perfluorovinyl Ethers 6.3. Partially Fluorinated Ethers 7. Fluorinated Ketones and Aldehydes 7.1. Fluoro- and Chlorofluoroacetones 7.2. Perhaloacetaldehydes 7.3. Fluorinated 1,3-Diketones 8. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids and Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids 8.1. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids 8.1.1. Fluorinated Acetic Acids 8.1.2. Long-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids 8.1.3. Fluorinated Dicarboxylic Acids 8.1.4. Tetrafluoroethylene - Perfluorovinyl Ether Copolymers with Carboxylic Acid Groups 8.2. Fluorinated Alkanesulfonic Acids 8.2.1. Perfluoroalkanesulfonic Acids 8.2.2. Fluorinated Alkanedisulfonic Acids 8.2.3. Tetrafluoroethylene–Perfluorovinyl Ether Copolymers with Sulfonic Acid Groups 9. Fluorinated Tertiary Amines 10. Aromatic Compounds with Fluorinated Side-Chains 10.1. Properties 10.2. Production 10.3. Uses 11. Ring-Fluorinated Aromatic, Heterocyclic, and Polycyclic Compounds 11.1. Mono- and Difluoroaromatic Compounds 11.1.1. Properties 11.1.2. Production 11.1.3. Uses 11.2. Highly Fluorinated Aromatic Compounds 11.3. Perhaloaromatic Compounds 11.4. Fluorinated Heterocyclic and Polycyclic Compounds 11.4.1. Ring-Fluorinated Pyridines 11.4.2. Trifluoromethylpyridines 11.4.3. Fluoropyrimidines 11.4.4. Fluorotriazines 11.4.5. Polycyclic Fluoroaromatic Compounds 12. Economic Aspects 13. Toxicology and Occupational Health 13.1. Fluorinated Alkanes 13.2. Fluorinated Olefins 13.3. Fluorinated Alcohols 13.4. Fluorinated Ketones 13.5. Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids 13.6. Other Classes
P2‐298: Altered plasma and CSF levels of nutrients that enhance neuronal phospholipid synthesis in Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective cohort study (2015)

Synapse loss and synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are linked to membrane loss and altered membrane composition. Neurons require specific nutrients for the formation and maintenance of synaptic membranes. These nutrients fuel the metabolic pathways that synthesize new phospholipids, the main constituents of membranes. While AD patients may benefit from an increased availability of the phospholipid-synthesizing nutrients that can support synapse formation and function, many patients have lower plasma levels of these nutrients (Lopes da Silva et al., 2014, Alzheimers Dement). Such compromised nutritional status may already be evident in earlier stages of AD and may become more prominent during the course of the disease. We aimed to investigate the role of these nutritional markers in the pre-dementia stages of AD, as well as in AD. We are currently investigating the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of phospholipid-synthesizing nutrients in subjects with subjective memory complaints (n=150; age: 59.4±7.9 (mean±SD); baseline MMSE: 28.3±1.8 (mean±SD)), mild cognitive impairment (n=150; age: 66.2±8.3; baseline MMSE: 26.6±2.2) or AD (n=150; age: 65.9±7.4; baseline MMSE: 20.5±4.4) in a retrospective cohort study. Subjects with available biomaterial were selected from the memory clinic based Amsterdam Dementia Cohort of the VUmc Alzheimer Center. Analyses of paired CSF, serum, and plasma samples of the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort are ongoing. Among others, levels of the following nutrients are being measured: plasma and CSF choline, uridine, and homocysteine, serum and CSF folate, and plasma polar lipid profile. The initial results show lower levels of CSF uridine and CSF folate and higher levels of CSF choline and CSF and plasma homocysteine in AD patients compared to the subjective memory complaints control group. Decremental and incremental changes ranged from 5 to 20% of the control group. The current study may further elucidate the role of these nutrients in AD pathology by identifying their levels in plasma and CSF at different stages of the disease. Furthermore, these nutrients may potentially serve as modifiable risk markers for AD.
Pregnancy primes an antigen specific maternal regulatory T cell response to fetal male antigen (33.6) (2009)

Abstract Maternal CD4+ T cells awareness of fetal antigens is not well studied. T regulatory (Treg) cells, a powerful subset of CD4+ T cells, are capable of limiting robust immune responses. Tregs are implicated in maternal tolerance of the fetus. Methods Virgin female 6 week old C57BL/6 mice bred with male littermates or immunized with KLH/CFA. Splenocytes from virgin, parous, and pregnant mice (day post coitus 6.5, 12.5, and 18.5) and from KLH/CFA immunized mice on day 7. Proliferative response to CD4+ T cell peptide epitope of the H-Y antigen (DBY), control peptide (LSO), or KLH determined in co-cultures. Treg isolation by magnetic bead separation of CD25+ cells. Results Pregnant and parous splenocytes proliferate in response to DBY. Virgin splenocytes do not respond to DBY. Depletion of Tregs augments response to DBY in the context of pregnancy; not in virgin mice. Earlier in pregnancy, more male fetuses are required for a detectable response than later in pregnancy. Tregs isolated from pregnant mouse splenocytes co-cultured with Treg depleted splenocytes from KLH/CFA immunized mice are able to suppress proliferative response to KLH only in the presence of DBY. ConclusionsPregnancy leads to maternal CD4+ T cell awareness of the fetus in proportion to the antigenic dose and is associated with a regulatory T cell response. Tregs are functional (suppressive) only in the presence of the antigen to which they were developed.
Gene expression differences in healthy brachial and femoral arteries of Rapacz familial hypercholesterolemic swine (2011)

The mechanisms underlying the unequal distribution of atherosclerotic disease in the peripheral arteries are currently unclear. Gene expression differences in healthy arteries may influence the heterogeneous distribution of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this investigation compares gene expression in healthy atheroprotected brachial and atherosusceptible femoral arteries of young and disease free Rapacz familial hypercholesterolemic (FHC) swine. We hypothesized that transcripts related to atherosusceptibility would be differentially expressed between these arteries prior to the onset of disease. Femoral and brachial arteries were harvested from four 13-day-old Rapacz FHC swine. No atherosclerotic disease was detected using Sudan IV, Verhoeff-van Gieson, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Gene expression was quantified using Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Genome Arrays. An average of 15,552 probe sets had detectable transcripts, while 430 probe sets showed a significant differential expression between arteries (false discovery rate < 0.05). The human orthologs of 63 probe sets with differential expression and a 1.5-fold or greater transcript abundance between arteries are associated with Wnt/β-catenin, lysophospholipid, and Ca-signaling, as well as apoptosis. This is the first investigation reporting that differences in relative abundance of gene expression exist between brachial and femoral arteries in young Rapacz FHC swine prior to the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
An Application of Optical Logic on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators to Neural Network Processing (1988)

We discuss the use of ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators as optical polarisation rotating logic elements in a direct storage implementation of the Hopfield model.
Applications of iQID cameras (2017)

iQID is an intensified quantum imaging detector developed in the Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging (CGRI). Originally called BazookaSPECT, iQID was designed for high-resolution gamma-ray imaging and preclinical gamma-ray single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). With the use of a columnar scintillator, an image intensifier and modern CCD/CMOS sensors, iQID cameras features outstanding intrinsic spatial resolution. In recent years, many advances have been achieved that greatly boost the performance of iQID, broadening its applications to cover nuclear and particle imaging for preclinical, clinical and homeland security settings. This paper presents an overview of the recent advances of iQID technology and its applications in preclinical and clinical scintigraphy, preclinical SPECT, particle imaging (alpha, neutron, beta, and fission fragment), and digital autoradiography.
An Improved Oxidation Reactor for Total Organic Carbon Measurements (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Closed-loop water recycle systems for future manned space mission will required sensitive analytical methods to determine the quality of the water and insure the health and safety of the crew. As part of a NASA-funded study, we have been investigating techniques for the measurement of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in water for use on the Space Station. The prototype system developed employs a membrane-based conductometric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; sensor which provides a gravity-independent means for measuring the amount of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; produced from the oxidation of organic compounds. Recently, we have been developing a system for the oxidation of organic compounds that does not require the use of chemical oxidizing agents. The reagentless oxidation reactor uses a combination of electrolytic and photolytic oxidation to convert organic compounds to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. A new reactor design which incorporates a larger surface area anode and active removal of hydrogen has been tested and the oxidation efficiency for a range of organic compounds determined. Oxidation efficiencies as high as 96% to 99% can be obtained at concentrations up to ∼50 ppm C, even for difficult to oxidize organic compounds such as urea. The samples were pre-acidified and the reactor operated at approximately 60 °C. The reactor produced stable oxidation without any significant decrease in the efficiency of the reactor over time, as was observed in previous reactor designs.&lt;/div&gt;
Some practical issues in time domain passivity control of haptic interfaces (2002)

In this paper, two major practical issues are studied to improve the performance of a new energy based method of achieving stable, high performance haptic interface control. The first issue is related to resetting the amount of energy accumulated in the passivity observer for faster operation. A heuristic method is derived and experimentally tested for the resetting and it is shown to help the PC to operate sooner when the system gets active. The second one was noise in velocity measurements being magnified into audible force signals by the controller. This issue was addressed by the introduction of a velocity threshold and it is verified that the velocity threshold makes the PC more free from the noise effect at low velocity. Experimental results are presented for the "Excalibur" haptic device.
Preparation of Li4/3Ti5/3O4 Thin Film Anode with High Electrochemical Response for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries by Sol–Gel Method (2001)

Abstract A stoichiometric spinel Li4/3Ti5/3O4 thin film was prepared by a sol–gel method with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as an anode of rechargeable lithium micro-batteries. The prepared film was evaluated electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV). One-time-coated thin film had 0.4 µm of thickness and showed high electrochemical response until 50 mV s−1. In this study, it was first reported that a thin film electrode with high electrochemical response was obtained by the sol–gel method with PVP.