gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Match Using Local and Distributed Representations of Text\n for Web Search (2016)

Models such as latent semantic analysis and those based on neural embeddings\nlearn distributed representations of text, and match the query against the\ndocument in the latent semantic space. In traditional information retrieval\nmodels, on the other hand, terms have discrete or local representations, and\nthe relevance of a document is determined by the exact matches of query terms\nin the body text. We hypothesize that matching with distributed representations\ncomplements matching with traditional local representations, and that a\ncombination of the two is favorable. We propose a novel document ranking model\ncomposed of two separate deep neural networks, one that matches the query and\nthe document using a local representation, and another that matches the query\nand the document using learned distributed representations. The two networks\nare jointly trained as part of a single neural network. We show that this\ncombination or `duet' performs significantly better than either neural network\nindividually on a Web page ranking task, and also significantly outperforms\ntraditional baselines and other recently proposed models based on neural\nnetworks.\n
Retrocyclin RC‐101 overcomes cationic mutations on the heptad repeat 2 region of HIV‐1 gp41 (2007)

Retrocyclin RC-101, a theta-defensin with lectin-like properties, potently inhibits infection by many HIV-1 subtypes by binding to the heptad repeat 2 (HR2) region of glycoprotein 41 (gp41) and preventing six-helix bundle formation. In the present study, we used in silico computational exploration to identify residues of HR2 that interacted with RC-101, and then analyzed the HIV-1 sequence database at Los Alamos National Laboratory (New Mexico, USA) for residue variations in the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and HR2 segments that could plausibly impart in vivo resistance. Docking RC-101 to gp41 peptides in silico confirmed its strong preference for HR2 over HR1, and implicated residues crucial for its ability to bind HR2. We mutagenized these residues in pseudotyped HIV-1 JR.FL reporter viruses, and subjected them to single-round replication assays in the presence of 1.25-10 microg x mL(-1) RC-101. Apart from one mutant that was partially resistant to RC-101, the other pseudotyped viruses with single-site cationic mutations in HR2 manifested absent or impaired infectivity or retained wild-type susceptibility to RC-101. Overall, these data suggest that most mutations capable of rendering HIV-1 resistant to RC-101 will also exert deleterious effects on the ability of HIV-1 to initiate infections - an interesting and novel property for a potential topical microbicide.
Synthesis of the Potential Mannosidase Inhibitor via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Involving Cyclic Nitrone and Unsaturated Chiral gamma-Lactone (2009)

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of cyclic nitrone derived from tartaric acid with (S)-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone leads to a single adduct which was transformed into 1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-indolizidine via reaction sequence involving protection of the hydroxymethyl group, reduction of the lactone moiety, protection of the resulting diol, and the N-O hydrogenolysis followed by the intramolecular alkylation of the nitrogen atom.
Development of a Virtual Floor Maze Test - Effects of Distal Visual Cues and Correlations With Executive Function in Healthy Adults (2019)

Virtual reality (VR) is a useful tool to assess and improve spatial navigation, a complex skill and relevant marker for progression of dementia. A fully-immersive VR system that allows the user to physically navigate in the space can provide an ecologically valid environment for early detection and remediation of cognitive and navigational deficits. The aim of this study was to develop a virtual version of the floor maze test (VR-FMT), a navigational test that requires navigating through an unfamiliar two-dimensional floor maze. With the VR-FMT, mazes of desired complexity and walls of preferred height can be built to challenge navigational ability and mask visual clues. Fifty-five healthy adults completed the FMT in three different conditions: real environment (RE), virtual environment with no walls (VE-NW), and virtual environment with walls (VE-W). In addition, they completed two neuropsychological tests, the Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Results showed that the time to complete the maze in the VE was significantly higher than in the RE. The introduction of walls increased the number of errors, the completion time, and the length of the path. Only time to exit in the VE-W correlated with results of the cognitive tests. Participants were further subdivided on the basis of their time to exit the maze in the RE, VE-NW, and VE-W (low navigational time - LNT, and high navigational time - HNT). Only when analyzing the time to exit the maze in the VE-W, the LNT group outperformed the HNT group in all cognitive tests.
Increasing the throughput of label-free cell assays to study the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors by using a serial agonist exposure protocol (2019)

Label-free, holistic assays, monitoring, for example, the impedance of cells on electrodes, are gaining increasing popularity in the evaluation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands. It is the strength of these approaches to provide the integrated cellular response non-invasively, highly automated and with a device-dependent time resolution down to several milliseconds. With an increasing number of samples to be studied in parallel, the available time resolution is, however, reduced and the cost for the disposable sensor arrays may become limiting. Inspired by protocols from organ pharmacology, we investigated a simple serial agonist addition assay that circumvents these limitations in impedance-based cellular assays. Using a serial addition of increasing concentrations of a GPCR agonist while continuously monitoring the sample's impedance, we were able to establish a full concentration-response curve for the endogenous agonist histamine on a single layer of U-373 MG cells endogenously expressing the histamine 1 receptor (H1R). This approach is validated with respect to conventional, parallel agonist addition protocols and studies using H1R antagonists such as mepyramine. Applicability of the serial agonist addition assay was shown for other GPCRs known for their signaling via one of the canonical G-protein pathways, Gq, Gi/0 or Gs as well. The serial agonist addition protocol has the potential to further strengthen the output of label-free analysis of GPCR activation.
Randomized controlled, multicentre clinical trial comparing a dual-probe ultrasonic lithotrite with a single-probe lithotrite for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (2011)

OBJECTIVES • To compare the Cyberwand (Gyrus/ACMI, Southborough, MA, USA), a dual-probe ultrasonic lithotrite, with a single-probe ultrasonic lithotrite. • The Cyberwand incorporates coaxial high-and low-frequency ultrasonic probes that work synergistically. PATIENTS AND METHODS • An institutional review board-approved, multicentre, randomized controlled trial to compare the Cyberwand to the Olympus LUS-II (Olympus America, Inc., Melville, NY, USA) single-probe lithotrite was performed. • Patients undergoing a percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with a target stone >2 cm in diameter were eligible for the study. • The primary outcome was the time to removal of the targeted stone. RESULTS • A total of 57 PCNLs were performed after randomization: 25 Cyberwand and 32 LUS-II. • There was no difference (P> 0.05) observed between the two devices for target stone surface area (Cyberwand 526.6 cm 3 vs LUS-II 540.1 cm 3 ), time to clearance of target stone (Cyberwand 15.8 min vs LUS-II 14.2 min) and target stone clearance rate (Cyberwand 61.9 mm 2 /min vs LUS-II 75.8 mm 2 /min). • Of the patients with stone analysis, hard stones (calcium oxalate monohydrate, brushite and cystine) were noted in 14 (56.0%) of the 25 Cyberwand and 18 (62.1%) of the 29 LUS-II patients. • Fifteen of the 25 (60.0%) Cyberwand and 20 of the 32 (62.5%) LUS-II patients were stone-free after the initial PCNL. • Those patients not rendered stone-free went on to receive a secondary PCNL. • Device malfunction occurred in eight of 25(32.0%) Cyberwand and five of 32 (15.6%) LUS II patients. • Complications were similar in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION • No appreciable difference between the dual-probe Cyberwand and the standard ultrasonic Olympus LUS-II lithotrites can be identified.
Towards a dynamic adaptive placement of virtual network functions under ONAP (2017)

In the context of the Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP), we develop in this paper a resource allocation strategy for deploying Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) on distributed data centers. For this purpose, we rely on a three-level data center hierarchy exploiting co-location facilities available within Main and Core Central Offices. We precisely propose an active VNFs' placement strategy, which dynamically offload requests on the basis of the load observed within a data center. We compare via simulations the performance of the proposed solution against mechanisms so far proposed in the literature, notably the centralized approach of the multi-site project within OpenStack, currently adopted by ONAP. It turns out that the proposed algorithm yields better performance in terms of both data center occupancy and overhead. Furthermore, it allows extending the applicability of ONAP in the context of distributed cloud, without requiring any modification.
Ablation of inorganic materials using laser plasma soft X-rays (2007)

We have investigated ablation of inorganic materials using pulsed and focused soft X-rays. Soft X-rays in a range of 1-500 eV were produced by irradiation of Ta targets with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser light (532 nm, 0.5-0.8 J/pulse) with a pulse duration of 10 ns in a vacuum chamber. The soft X-rays were focused on the surfaces of inorganic materials using an ellipsoidal mirror at approximately 0.1 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. The ellipsoidal mirror is designed so as to focus soft X-rays at about 100 eV efficiently, while it can not reflect soft X-rays above 200 eV. We found that synthetic quartz glass, Pyrex, LiF, CaF<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and LiNbO<sub>3</sub>, can be ablated by focused and pulsed soft X-rays. Typically, synthetic quartz glass is ablated at 50 nm/shot. We found that ablation occurs at X-ray fluences beyond the ablation threshold. Using a nano-scaled contact mask, trenches with a width of 50 nm and an aspect ratio of 1 are formed. The result indicates the diffusion length of absorbed energy during irradiation is less than 50 nm and that the accumulation results in ablation. The technique can also be applied to basic research of the interaction of intense soft X-rays with materials and resulting damage to the materials.
CD14 and Complement Crosstalk and Largely Mediate the Transcriptional Response to Escherichia coli in Human Whole Blood as Revealed by DNA Microarray (2015)

Systemic inflammation like in sepsis is still lacking specific diagnostic markers and effective therapeutics. The first line of defense against intruding pathogens and endogenous damage signals is pattern recognition by e.g., complement and Toll-like receptors (TLR). Combined inhibition of a key complement component (C3 and C5) and TLR-co-receptor CD14 has been shown to attenuate certain systemic inflammatory responses. Using DNA microarray and gene annotation analyses, we aimed to decipher the effect of combined inhibition of C3 and CD14 on the transcriptional response to bacterial challenge in human whole blood. Importantly, combined inhibition reversed the transcriptional changes of 70% of the 2335 genes which significantly responded to heat-inactivated Escherichia coli by on average 80%. Single inhibition was less efficient (p<0.001) but revealed a suppressive effect of C3 on 21% of the responding genes which was partially counteracted by CD14. Furthermore, CD14 dependency of the Escherichia coli-induced response was increased in C5-deficient compared to C5-sufficient blood. The observed crucial distinct and synergistic roles for complement and CD14 on the transcriptional level correspond to their broad impact on the inflammatory response in human blood, and their combined inhibition may become inevitable in the early treatment of acute systemic inflammation.
Risk Factors for Heart Failure (2020)

Population groups show distinct risk factor trend differences, indicating the need for contemporary tailored prevention programs.
Stability of Controlled Mechanical Systems With Ideal Coulomb Friction (2008)

When a mechanical system with Coulomb friction is under feedback control, the closed-loop system may asymptotically converge to a point in the equilibrium set or generate nonlinear oscillations such as limit cycles depending on the control algorithm. Thus, it is important to know how to guarantee the stability in the presence of Coulomb friction. This paper presents the stability analysis of controlled mechanical systems with multiple ideal Coulomb friction sources. Common properties of controlled mechanical systems with multiple ideal Coulomb friction sources have been explored and generalized into the state space formulation leading to a class of ideal relay feedback systems. Various stability criteria are considered and a new sufficient condition for the pointwise global stability is suggested. Simulation results for a single mass system and experimental results for a single link flexible joint mechanism are presented to confirm the analysis and to illustrate various aspects of stability conditions for controlled mechanical systems with ideal Coulomb friction. The results given in this paper can be useful for the design of mechanical systems free from the limit cycle.
Abstract 2401: IGF-IR peptide vaccine inhibits tumor growth via IFN-g-dependent biologic remodeling of the tumor (2010)

Abstract The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays an important role in breast cancer growth and metastasis. The majority of breast tumors overexpress the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). Increased IGF-IR signaling in breast cancer is correlated with a poor prognosis and is associated with disease that is resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and biologic therapy. Thus, therapeutically targeting the IGF-IR signaling pathway is a promising approach to treat breast cancer. We have determined that the IGF-IR is immunogenic in breast cancer. Furthermore, vaccination with MHCII IGF-IR-specific peptides p384-398, p575-589, p951-965, and p1122-1136 induces a CD4+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response in Neu-transgenic mice. Preliminary data suggests that IGF-IR specific immunization results in both decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of tumor cells. Antigen specific CD4+ T cells secrete IFN-g and we have demonstrated that the inhibition of tumor growth with the IGF-IR vaccine is dependent on IFN-g. We questioned the mechanism whereby IFN-g-secreting CD4+ T cells targeting IGF-IR could inhibit tumor growth. Studies suggest that tumor-associated IGF-IR activation is decreased in tumors from vaccinated mice, with concomitant upregulation in SOCS-3, which has been shown to be modulated by IFN-g. In addition, IFN-g stimulation of the tumor cell line derived from the Neu-transgenic mouse decreased IGF-IR activation and induced SOCS-3 expression. Thus, active immunization targeting IGF-IR may induce both immunologic and biologic effects resulting in inhibition of breast cancer growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2401.
Histologic scoring indices for evaluation of disease activity in Crohn’s disease (2016)

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
YANG Data Model for MPLS-based L2VPN (2019)

This document describes a YANG data model for Layer 2 VPN (L2VPN)
services over MPLS networks. These services include point-to-point
Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and multipoint Virtual Private LAN
service (VPLS) that uses LDP and BGP signaled Pseudowires. It is
expected that this model will be used by the management tools run by
the network operators in order to manage and monitor the network
resources that they use to deliver L2VPN services. This document also
describes the YANG data model for the Pseudowires. The independent
definition of the Pseudowires facilitates its use in Ethernet Segment
and EVPN data models defined in separate document.
Optical coherence tomography: a novel tool for micron-resolution biomedical diagnostics (2002)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel method for non-invasive sub-surface imaging of biological tissue micro-structure. OCT is based on low-coherence interferometry. OCT achieves high spatial resolution (/spl sim/15 /spl mu/m in three dimensions) and high sensitivity (<-100 dB) in a fiber-optically integrated system which is suitable for application in minimally invasive diagnostics, including endoscopy. The authors present in vitro cross-sectional OCT images obtained non-invasively in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues to illustrate contrast between histological layers of the GI mucosa and differentiation of the mucosa from submucosa. The authors also present a novel technique, termed color Doppler OCT (CDOCT) which is an extension of OCT for performing spatially localized optical Doppler velocimetry. The authors demonstrate micron-scale resolution tomographic imaging of bi-directional blood flow in sub-surface vessels in living tissue using CDOCT. Both OCT and CDOCT have several potential medical applications.
Stabilization of Tetragonal HfO2 under Low Active Oxygen Source Environment in Atomic Layer Deposition (2012)

The structural and electronic properties of HfO2 thin films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) under various ozone concentrations were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoemission (XPS), reflectometry (XRR), and absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and their fine structure (XAFS) analysis. It was found that in the as-grown states, the oxygen stoichiometry and local atomic structure in amorphous HfO2 domains are maintained nearly as constants even when the film is grown without external ozone supply, while some C–O bonds remain between the almost stoichiometric HfO2 domains due to incomplete oxidation of the precursors. After a postdeposition annealing (PDA), the films crystallize with a monoclinic structure (P21/c), except for the case of the no-ozone supply in which the film possesses a tetragonal crystal structure (P42/nmc). It is demonstrated that the carbonate bonds play a major role in stabilizing the tetragonal structure through nanoscale separation of the HfO2 domains. Accordingly, the roles of the oxygen source and the PDA are also newly addressed as being related to the carbonate bonds. The ozone gas acts as an oxygen supplier, and more importantly, it reduces the residual carbonates to stabilize the bulk crystal structure in the thin films. The PDA not only delivers the thermal energy to induce the crystallization but also eliminates C atoms to increase the size of the HfO2 domains leading to the densification of the films.
Role of Intentionally Incorporated Hydrogen in Wide-Band-Gap ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Photo-MOCVD Technique (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Seung Yeop Myong, Koeng Su Lim; Role of Intentionally Incorporated Hydrogen in Wide‐Band‐Gap ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Photo‐MOCVD Technique. AIP Conf. Proc. 30 June 2005; 772 (1): 195–196. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1994060 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Twins: BFT Systems Made Robust (2020)

This paper presents Twins, an automated unit test generator of Byzantine attacks. Twins implements three types of Byzantine behaviors: (i) leader equivocation, (ii) double voting, and (iii) losing internal state such as forgetting 'locks' guarding voted values. To emulate interesting attacks by a Byzantine node, it instantiates twin copies of the node instead of one, giving both twins the same identities and network credentials. To the rest of the system, the twins appear indistinguishable from a single node behaving in a 'questionable' manner. Twins can systematically generate Byzantine attack scenarios at scale, execute them in a controlled manner, and examine their behavior. Twins scenarios iterate over protocol rounds and vary the communication patterns among nodes. Twins runs in a production setting within DiemBFT where it can execute 44M Twins-generated scenarios daily. Whereas the system at hand did not manifest errors, subtle safety bugs that were deliberately injected for the purpose of validating the implementation of Twins itself were exposed within minutes. Twins can prevent developers from regressing correctness when updating the codebase, introducing new features, or performing routine maintenance tasks. Twins only requires a thin wrapper over DiemBFT, we thus envision other systems using it. Building on this idea, one new attack and several known attacks against other BFT protocols were materialized as Twins scenarios. In all cases, the target protocols break within fewer than a dozen protocol rounds, hence it is realistic for the Twins approach to expose the problems.
Performance implications of communication mechanisms in all-software global address space systems (1997)

Global addressing of shared data simplifies parallel programming and complements message passing models commonly found in distributed memory machines. A number of programming systems have been designed that synthesize global addressing purely in software on such machines. These systems provide a number of communication mechanisms to mitigate the effect of high communication latencies and overheads. This study compares the mechanisms in two representative all-software systems: CRL and Split-C. CRL uses region-based caching while Split-C uses split-phase and push-based data transfers for optimizing communication performance. Both systems take advantage of bulk data transfers.By implementing a set of parallel applications in both CRL and Split-C, and running them on the IBM SP2, Meiko CS-2 and two simulated architectures, we find that split-phase and push-based bulk data transfers are essential for good performance. Region-based caching benefits applications with irregular structure and with sufficient temporal locality, especially under high communication latencies. However, caching also hurts performance when there is insufficient data reuse or when the size of caching granularity is mismatched with the communication granularity. We find the programming complexity of the communication mechanisms in both languages to be comparable. Based on our results, we recommend that an ideal system intended to support diverse applications on parallel platforms should incorporate the communication mechanisms in CRL and Split-C.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex α‐Pyrones Synthesized by a Gold‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.