gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic Explorers Based on Multifunctional NanoPlatforms for Biosensing and Photodynamic Therapy (2006)

Nanoparticle based photonic explorers have been developed for intracellular sensing and tumor-specific photodynamic therapy. The design, employing multifunctional nano-platforms loaded with active components, by encapsulation or covalent attachment, is universal and flexible.
Identification of a protein kinase activity in purified foot- and-mouth disease virus (1981)

Purified preparations of foot-and-mouth disease virus types A, O, and C contain a protein kinase activity which can transfer the gamma phosphate of [32P]ATP to virion structural proteins VP2 and VP3 and exogenous acceptor proteins. Utilizing protamine sulfate as an acceptor, the kinase activity can be demonstrated in disrupted virus but not in intact virus. The enzyme is heat labile with optimal activity at pH 7 or greater. Serine residues of protamine sulfate were identified as the amino acid phosphorylated by the protein kinase. Treatment of purified virus with trypsin, which cleaves VP3, did not affect the protein kinase activity. The results indicate that the protein kinase activity found in FMDV is present in an internally located protein of viral or host origin.
Research highlights: aptamers on a chip (2015)

Aptamers, oligonucleic acid or peptide molecules with binding affinity to a specific molecule, have gained broad scientific attention due to their stability, ease of production and modification, and durability, and therefore have been employed in a wide range of applications both in basic research and clinical science. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing are poised to revolutionize the selection of aptamers, while microfluidic and microarray approaches have helped automate these processes of selection. Here we highlight work addressing several challenges in using aptamers more widely. We discuss array-based discovery of multivalent aptamers which is used to develop high affinity or paired aptamers by cleverly selecting new aptamers that bind to previously aptamer-bound proteins. Other highlighted work is addressing problems in analyzing local cell secretions, as well as refreshable sensors that detect signals over hundreds of cycles and can be refreshed with DI water scavenged from the air, leading to less reagent storage towards wearable sensors.
METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH CONCURRENT INFERIOR VENA CAVAL INVASION: LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER COMBINATION THERAPY WITH RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY, VENA CAVAL THROMBECTOMY AND POSTOPERATIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY (1999)

In contrast to the poor results of surgery only in patients with renal cell carcinoma and concurrent inferior venal caval invasion, reasonable 5-year survival may be achieved after combined aggressive surgery and immunotherapy. Patients in whom metastasis was limited to the lungs and those with grade 1 to 2 tumors had a better prognosis. With careful planning and experienced immunotherapists therapy may be completed in the majority of this high risk group of patients.
Nuclear Safety Analysis of a Molten Salt Breeder Reactor (1978)

An analysis is made of the nuclear safety of a Molten Salt Breeder Reactor (MSBR) using one point kinetics model, with particular attention to the fact that the MSBR, operating on 233U-Th with circulating fuel, has a very small effective delayed neutron fraction, which is conducive to a very high power increase being induced by reactivity addition, particularly when applied sharply. The analysis proves that the transient phenomena of MSBR initiated by an abnormal reactivity addition do not exceed the bounds of structural safety, in virtue of the very favorable nuclear and thermal characteristics of the MSBR.
Synthetic anthracyclines: Regiospecific total synthesis of D-ring thiophene analogues of daunomycin. (1990)

The key anhydride 2-acetoxy-[2-carboxy-5-(trimethylsilyl)thiophen-3-yl]acetic acid anhydride (8), prepared from (2-carboxythiophen-3-yl)acetic acid (5), underwent a strong base-induced cycloaddition reaction with the chloroquinone acetal (11) to give the 7,7-ethylenedioxy-2-trimethylsilyl-6,7,8,9- tetrahydroanthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-dione (12) regioselectively. Similarly, the regioisomeric 8,8-ethylenedioxy-2-trimethylsilyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroanthra[2,3-b] thiophene- 5,10-dione (30) was obtained by the strong base-induced cycloaddition reaction of 8 with the chloroquinone acetal (29). These cycloadducts (12 and 30) were converted to D-ring thiophene analogues (28 and 38) of daunomycin (1a). Another D-ring thiophene analogue (42) which has a trimethylsilyl substituent in the D-ring was also prepared.
Optical parallel interconnection characteristics of 4-channel 2-Gbit/s bit synchronous data transmission module (2003)

A simple 4-channel 2-Gb/s optical parallel interconnection module, allowing a bit synchronous data transmission over a distance of 100 m, has been fabricated. This module employs a lensless optical coupling system between 4-arrayed LD/PD and ribbon fiber, which requires no careful optical axis alignment by using the silicon micromachining technique and an MT (mechanically transferrable) connector. The optical transmitter and receiver are fabricated using the hybrid mounting technique on copper-mount backed polyimide multilayer substrate. This mounting technique can enhance the heat transfer, high-frequency, and skew characteristics. The module can be applicable to intra- and for inter-cabinet interconnections of 2-Gb/s data without any bit synchronizing circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Controlling C2C12 Cytotoxicity on Liquid Metal Embedded Elastomer (LMEE) (2023)

Liquid metal embedded elastomers (LMEEs) are highly stretchable composites comprising microscopic droplets of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) liquid metal embedded in a soft rubber matrix. They have a unique combination of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them attractive for potential applications in flexible electronics, thermal management, wearable computing, and soft robotics. However, the use of LMEEs in direct contact with human tissue or organs requires an understanding of their biocompatibility and cell cytotoxicity. In this study, the cytotoxicity of C2C12 cells in contact with LMEE composites composed of EGaIn droplets embedded with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix is investigated. In particular, the influence of EGaIn volume ratio and shear mixing time during synthesis on cell proliferation and viability is examined. The special case of electrically-conductive LMEE composites in which a percolating network of EGaIn droplets is created through "mechanical sintering" is also examined. This study in C2C12 cytotoxicity represents a first step in determining whether LMEE is safe for use in implantable biomedical devices and biohybrid systems.
ATAK Cells Require Intact Cytochrome Oxidase Activity to Kill Fungi (38.18) (2010)

Abstract Invasive fungal infections cause high mortality rates in neutropenic patients. We developing an immunotherapy based on activation of HL-60 cells into Activated Targeted Killer (ATAK) cells. We have shown that ATAK cells phagocytize and kill C. albicans in vitro, and protect neutropenic mice from invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis. However, the mechanism by which ATAK cells kill fungi were unclear. Because we have recently found that gp91phox deficient mice were hypersusceptible to invasive candidiasis, we used siRNA to suppress gp91-phox expression in ATAK cells to define impact of suppression of NADPH-superoxide formation on fungal killing. We use a lentivirus to stably transfect a gp91-phox-targeting siRNA construct into HL-60 cells. Stable transfectants had significantly suppressed mRNA level (by RT-PCR) and protein expression (by western blot) of gp91-phox. To confirm functional suppression, we compared the superoxide production in wild-type ATAK cells and gp91-phox-/- cells by DHR123 staining and flow cytometry. We found the gp91-phox -/-cells had markedly reduced superoxide generation. In in vitro killing assays, gp91-phox-/- ATAK cells had marked reductions in their killing of C. albicans relative to wild type cells. Finally, gp91-phox deficient ATAK cells were unable to protect neutropenic mice from invasive candidiasis or invasive aspergillosis. Thus, ATAK cell fungal killing and in vivo efficacy requires intact superoxide production by the NADPH-oxidase system.
Statistical models of appearance for eye tracking and eye-blink detection and measurement (2008)

A statistical active appearance model (AAM) is developed to track and detect eye blinking. The model has been designed to be robust to variations of head pose or gaze. In particular we analyze and determine the model parameters which encode the variations caused by blinking. This global model is further extended using a series of sub-models to enable independent modeling and tracking of the two eye regions. Several methods to enable measurement and detection of eye-blink are proposed and evaluated. The results of various tests on different image databases are presented to validate each model.
Detailed measurements showing the influence of the forward propagating wave and end reflections on the performance of relativistic backward wave oscillators (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. The primary energy exchange in a relativistic backward wave oscillator (BWO) occurs between the electron beam and the backward travelling wave within the slow wave structure (SWS). In most high power BWOs the backward travelling wave is reflected by a cutoff neck at the entrance of the SWS and radiation is extracted in the direction of the electron beam. Recently, researchers have investigated the effect of the forward travelling wave on the energy exchange between the electron bunches and the backward wave and the effect of multiple end reflections and cavity effects on the efficiency of microwave generation. This poster paper presents detailed measurements of the interaction of the electron beam with the forward travelling wave, and the effect of end reflections on the radiation frequency and efficiency. Numerical simulation results are found to be in agreement with the experimental measurements. A Sinus 6 relativistic electron beam accelerator is used for a detailed mapping of BWO performance as a function of input parameters. For uniform amplitude SWSs of various lengths the BWO output power, rf frequency and conversion efficiency were measured as a function of beam current and cathode voltage In addition, BWO performance was characterized as a function of phase of reflections at both ends of the SWS.
Reactive oxygen species are involved in the morphology-determining mechanism of Fremyella diplosiphon cells during complementary chromatic adaptation (2012)

Fremyella diplosiphon modifies the pigment composition of its major light-harvesting complexes, i.e. phycobilisomes, and cell and filament morphology according to ambient light quality in a process termed complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA). The cells are red in colour and rectangular shaped, and filaments are longer under green light (GL), in contrast with blue-green, spherical cells and shorter filaments under red light (RL). In this study, we report that wild-type (WT) UTEX 481 and WT-pigmented, shortened filament strain SF33 of F. diplosiphon accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under both GL and RL, with the level of oxidative stress being higher under RL as compared with GL. During CCA, higher levels of ROS under RL are correlated with the RL-specific spherical cell shape and filament fragmentation - cells exhibiting elevated levels of ROS under RL have reduced cell length, yet the width of cells is not affected. Addition of ascorbic acid to RL-grown cultures resulted in lower ROS levels and a concomitant shift to GL-associated cellular morphology, i.e. an increased cell length. This observation identifies an RL-dependent oxidative-stress-mediated regulation of morphogenesis in a bacterial system. Spherical cell morphology may result from ROS-dependent changes in the cell membrane integrity or cell wall loosening and associated cell expansion.
Coulomb oscillations in 100 nm and 50 nm CMOS devices (2003)

We investigate Coulomb oscillations at very low temperature in CMOS devices with nominal gate lengths of 100 nm and 50 nm and various widths. When the source drain conductance becomes smaller than the quantum e/sup 2//h, transport is dominated by resonant tunnelling through a single quantum dot formed by an impurity potential. Downscaling the channel length reduces the typical size of the impurity quantum dot pushing up the charging energy to at least several tens of Kelvin.
Fiber-based high-dimensional quantum key distribution with twisted photons (2018)

We implement the first fiber-based orbital angular momentum (OAM) state highdimensional quantum key distribution protocol using four OAM modes, and demonstrate the highest secret key rate and longest transmission distance for OAM presented to date.
Critical Plane Analysis of Rubber Bushing Durability under Road Loads (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We demonstrate here an accounting of damage accrual under road loads for a filled natural rubber bushing. The accounting is useful to developers who wish to avoid the typical risks in development programs: either the risk of premature failure, or of costly overdesign. The accounting begins with characterization of the elastomer to quantify governing behaviors: stress-strain response, fatigue crack growth rate, crack precursor size, and strain crystallization. Finite Element Analysis is used to construct a nonlinear mapping between loads and strain components within each element. Multiaxial, variable amplitude strain histories are computed from road loads. Damage accrues in this reckoning via the growth of cracks. Crack growth is calculated via integration of a rate law from an initial size to a size marking end-of-life. Multiaxiality is addressed via Critical Plane Analysis, in which damage accrual is computed for all potential crack plane orientations, prior to selecting the most critical orientation and its associated life. Variable amplitudes in the energy release rate history are considered via the application of rainflow counting, which is applied on each potential plane during the critical plane search. The analysis produces estimates of life for each element in the finite element model. These are visualized to identify bushing life and failure mode. Also, the analysis produces a diagnostic database enabling damage sources to be identified with respect to time, space, and orientation, and giving various details of the micromechanics of damage accumulation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Immersive Analytics with Abstract 3D Visualizations: A Survey (2021)

Abstract After a long period of scepticism, more and more publications describe basic research but also practical approaches to how abstract data can be presented in immersive environments for effective and efficient data understanding. Central aspects of this important research question in immersive analytics research are concerned with the use of 3D for visualization, the embedding in the immersive space, the combination with spatial data, suitable interaction paradigms and the evaluation of use cases. We provide a characterization that facilitates the comparison and categorization of published works and present a survey of publications that gives an overview of the state of the art, current trends, and gaps and challenges in current research.
Towards tailored hierarchical structures in starch-based cellulose nanocomposite foams prepared by freeze-drying (2008)

The properties of nanocomposite foams depend both on cell wall composition and cell structure. In order to fully realize the potential of these materials, both cell wall composition and cell struct ...
Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 pseudotypes: comparing safety, specificity, and transduction efficiency in the primate striatum (2010)

Intrastriatal delivery of AAV2 yields the highest cell transduction efficiencies but lowest neuronal specificity for serotype 8 when compared with serotypes 1, 2, and 5. Only AAV2/1 revealed significant caspase-2 activation. Careful consideration of serotype-specific differences in AAV2 neurotropism, transduction efficiency, and potential toxicity may affect future human trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraamminecopper(II) Complex in Zeolite Y. A Raman Spectroscopic Study. (1986)

Abstract Am Beispiel von durch Ionenaustausch bzw. durch Einwirkung von NH; auf Cu ‐ Yhergestellten Cu(NH‐ ,)ä+‐beladenen Y‐Zeolithen wird gezeigt, daß es durch sorgfältige Manipulation von Metall ‐ Zeolith‐Komplexen möglich ist, mit Hilfe spontaner Raman‐Spektroskopie Informationen zum Bindungsverhalten zu erlangen.
A Fully-integrated Multi-λ Hybrid DML Transmitter (2018)

A multi-wavelength, hybrid directly-modulated laser (DML) transmitter with integrated thermal shunt, MOS capacitor and CMOS driver circuit is fabricated. 14 Gb/s operation from conventional direct current modulation and a novel MOS-type laser modulation are demonstrated.
On linking heterogeneous dataset collections (2014)

Abstract. Link discovery is the problem of linking entities between two or more datasets, based on some (possibly unknown) specification. A blocking scheme is a one-to-many mapping from entities to blocks. Blocking methods avoid O(n2) comparisons by clustering entities into blocks, and limiting the evaluation of link specifications to entity pairs within blocks. Current link-discovery blocking methods explicitly assume that two RDF datasets are provided as input, and need to be linked. In this paper, we assume instead that two heterogeneous dataset collections, comprising arbitrary numbers of RDF and tabular datasets, are provided as input. We show that data model heterogeneity can be addressed by representing RDF datasets as property tables. We also propose an un-supervised technique called dataset mapping that maps datasets from one collection to the other, and is shown to be compatible with existing clustering methods. Dataset mapping is empirically evaluated on three real-world test collections ranging over government and constitutional domains, and shown to improve two established baselines.
Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules (2020)

Donkeys (<i>Equus asinus</i>) and mules represent approximately 50% of the entire domestic equine herd in the world and play an essential role in the lives of thousands of people, primarily in developing countries. Despite their importance, donkeys are currently a neglected and threatened species due to abandonment, indiscriminate slaughter, and a lack of proper sanitary management. Specific knowledge about infectious viral diseases that affect this group of <i>Equidae</i> is still limited. In many cases, donkeys and mules are treated like horses, with the physiological differences between these species usually not taken into account. Most infectious diseases that affect the <i>Equidae</i> family are exclusive to the family, and they have a tremendous economic impact on the equine industry. However, some viruses may cross the species barrier and affect humans, representing an imminent risk to public health. Nevertheless, even with such importance, most studies are conducted on horses (<i>Equus caballus</i>), and there is little comparative information on infection in donkeys and mules. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide a brief update on viruses that affect donkeys and mules, thereby compromising their performance and well-being. These diseases may put them at risk of extinction in some parts of the world due to neglect and the precarious conditions they live in and may ultimately endanger other species' health and humans.
Supplementary Tables S1-S4 from Promoter Hypermethylation of Hallmark Cancer Genes in Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Lung (2023)

Supplementary Tables S1-S4 from Promoter Hypermethylation of Hallmark Cancer Genes in Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Lung
Identification and characterization of a dimeric chicken fibronectin receptor. Subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies to the putative chicken alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. (1990)

A fibronectin receptor was isolated from chicken embryo fibroblasts using a cell-binding fragment of chicken fibronectin as an affinity matrix. The synthetic peptide GRGDSP specifically eluted the receptor, whereas the GRGESP control peptide was negative. The purified chicken receptor is a heterodimeric molecule as are all described mammalian integrins. It showed an RGD-dependent binding to fibronectin-coated wells after incorporation into liposomes. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the two subunits of the receptor. Immunoprecipitations with the beta chain-specific monoclonal antibody U2 beta gave the same pattern of multiple bands as with the "avian integrin complex" specific monoclonal antibody JG22. In contrast, the alpha chain-specific monoclonal antibody U1 alpha only precipitated a dimeric fibronectin receptor. On immunoblots, U2 beta recognized the chicken gizzard integrin beta 1 chain, but U1 alpha did not cross-react with the alpha chain of gizzard integrin. Immunofluorescence labeling of cell cultures with U1 alpha revealed an exclusive colocalization with extracellular fibronectin fibrils, whereas U2 beta showed in addition, diffuse staining of the whole cell surfaces. The alpha chain-specific monoclonal antibody for the first time allowed us to exclusively detect the putative chicken alpha 5 beta 1 integrin among the many beta 1 integrin complexes present on chicken cells.
Optimal Source-Based Filtering of Malicious Traffic (2011)

In this paper, we consider the problem of blocking malicious traffic on the Internet via source-based filtering. In particular, we consider filtering via access control lists (ACLs): These are already available at the routers today, but are a scarce resource because they are stored in the expensive ternary content addressable memory (TCAM). Aggregation (by filtering source prefixes instead of individual IP addresses) helps reduce the number of filters, but comes also at the cost of blocking legitimate traffic originating from the filtered prefixes. We show how to optimally choose which source prefixes to filter for a variety of realistic attack scenarios and operators' policies. In each scenario, we design optimal, yet computationally efficient, algorithms. Using logs from Dshield.org, we evaluate the algorithms and demonstrate that they bring significant benefit in practice.
Evaluating Compliant Hinge Geometries for Origami-Inspired Mechanisms (2014)

Origami-inspired design is an emerging field capable of producing compact and efficient designs. Compliant hinges are proposed as a way to replicate the folding motion of paper when using nonpaper materials. Compliant hinges function as surrogate folds and can be defined as localized reduction of stiffness. The purpose of this paper is to organize and evaluate selected surrogate folds for use in compliant mechanisms. These surrogate folds are characterized based on the desired motion as well as motions typically considered parasitic. Additionally, the surrogate folds' ability to rotate through large deflections and their stability of center of rotation are evaluated. Existing surrogate folds are reviewed and closed-form solutions presented. A diagram intended as a straightforward design guide is presented. Areas for potential development in the surrogate fold design space are noted.