gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors Predicting Survival in De Novo AML Patients Requiring Intensive Care. (2007)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an acute life-threatening disease with variable clinical presentation. In this study, the percentage of patients (pts) with de novo AML requiring intensive care prior or during induction chemotherapy (ICT), as well as prognostic factors predicting survival in these pts were analyzed. A total of 471 consecutive pts (median age 62 years; range: 16–92) seen at the Vienna University Hospital between 1994–2006 were enrolled. In pts requiring critical care, simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II as well as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), vasopressor support (VP), and disease related markers were recorded at the intensive care unit (ICU). Eighty six percent (n=404) of all patients were eligible for ICT. Fifty four of these 404 patients (13.4%) required critical care prior or during ICT (median SAPS II 64, range 30–107), primarily due to respiratory failure (26 pts=48%) or life-threatening bleeding (12 pts=22%). Comparing ICU and non-ICU-pts with regard to disease-related markers, differences were found in white blood cell counts, WBC (ICU: 16.8 G/L; non-ICU: 11.9 G/L; p=0.084), whereas no differences were found regarding age, plt, and LDH. Forty pts received IMV (63%), and 32 VP (59%). The ICU survival rate was 41%. Significant prognostic factors with respect to ICU-survival were higher SAPS II scores (p&lt;0.05), the need of IMV (p&lt;0.05), and need of VP (p&lt;0.05), whereas CRP, WBC, age, karyotype, or the time of admission to ICU (prior or during ICT) were not of prognostic significance. Survival was favourable in non-ICU-pts (median: 4.14 months; 22% at 8 years) compared to ICU-pts (median: 1.2 months; 9% at 8 years; p&lt;0.05). Similar results were obtained when analyzing the overall survival, OS (non-ICU-pts: median: 4.1 months; 22% at 8 years; ICU-pts: median: 1.6 months; 12% at 8 years; p&lt;0.05). Interestingly, the continuous complete remission, CCR (non-ICU-pts: 37% at 6 years; ICU-pts: 31% at 6 years; p&gt;0.5) as well as OS of patients who had survived the first 28 days of therapy (non-ICU-pts: 29% at 6 years; ICU-pts: 20% at 6 years; p&gt;0.5) did not differ significantly between ICU-pts and non-ICU-pts. With regard to OS, multivariate analysis revealed that ICU admission was an independent adverse prognostic parameter, as was a higher WBC, advanced age, higher LDH, or unfavourable karyotype. With regard to CCR, age and karyotype were independent prognostic variables, whereas ICU-admission was not of prognostic significance. In summary, 13% of pts with de novo AML eligible for ICT required critical care, primarily due to respiratory failure or bleeding. The probability of survival and OS of ICU-pts is inferior compared to non-ICU-pts. However, with regard to CCR and OS of pts surviving 28 days, no differences were observed between ICU-pts and non-ICU-pts. These observations favour the assumption that critical care should be considered in all de novo AML pts eligible for ICT.
Escherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus: leading bacterial pathogens of healthcare associated infections and bacteremia in older-age populations (2018)

E. coli and S. aureus vaccines routinely administered to older adults and to people undergoing prescheduled procedures with high infection risks could prevent a significant proportion of severe disease, and could potentially also limit the further emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Is the Second Phase of a Biphasic Defibrillation Waveform the Defihrillating Phase? (1993)

Why some biphasic waveforms defibrillate with lower energies than monophasic waveforms of similar duration is unknown. One hypothesis is that the first phase of a biphasic waveform acts as a conditioning, hyperpolarizing prepulse to prepare for defibrillation by a second depolarizing phase. To test whether the second phase of a biphasic waveform is the defibrillating phase, three monophasic waveforms, an ascending ramp (A), a square wave (S), and a descending ramp (D), were compared to three biphasic waveforms with A, S, or D in the first phase (biphasic first phase) and three biphasic waveforms with A, S, or D in the second phase (biphasic second phase). Two defibrillation thresholds for each waveform were performed in 18 open chest pigs and mean defibrillation thresholds were compared. In nine pigs 16-msec monophasic and 16/16-msec biphasic waveforms were ranked by mean current and energy at defibrillation threshold. The ranks were the same for monophasic and biphasic second phase waveforms: for mean current A < S = D and for energy A < S < D. The ranks were different for the biphasic first phase waveforms: for mean current S < A = D and for energy S < A = D. Although ranks for the 16-msec monophasic waveforms matched those for the 16/16-msec biphasic second phase waveforms, the biphasic waveforms had higher mean currents and energies at defibrillation threshold. In nine pigs defibrillation thresholds for 6-msec monophasic and 6/6-msec biphasic waveforms were ranked. For mean current the ranks were monophasic: A < S = D; biphasic first phase: A = S = D; and biphasic second phase: S = D < A. For energy the ranks were monophasic: A = S < D; biphasic first phase: A = S = D; and biphasic second phase: S = D < A. Thus, ranks for the 6-msec monophasic waveforms differed from those for the 6/6-msec biphasic second phase waveforms. For 16/16-msec biphasic waveforms, less effective for defibrillation than corresponding 16-msec monophasic waveforms, these results support the hypothesis that the second phase of a biphasic waveform defibrillates since the defibrillation efficacy of a 16/16-msec biphasic waveform is related to the defibrillation efficacy of its second phase waveshape. However, for clinically useful 6/6-msec biphasic waveforms, more effective for defibrillation than 6-msec monophasic waveforms, the hypothesis is not supported because the ability of a 6/6-msec biphasic waveform to defibrillate is unrelated to the defibrillation efficacy of its second phase waveshape.
Serious Games: An Evaluation Framework and Case Study (2016)

Serious games show promise as an effective training method, but such games are complex and few guidelines exist for their effective evaluation. We draw on the design science literature to develop a serious game evaluation framework that emphasizes grounding evaluation in each of four key areas-theoretical, technical, empirical, and external. We further recommend that serious game developers assume an iterative, adaptive approach to grounding an evaluation effort in these four areas, emphasizing some areas more than others at different stages of the development cycle. We illustrate our framework using a case study of a large-scale serious game development project. The case study illustrates a holistic approach to serious game evaluation that is valuable to both researchers and practitioners.
Shrinkage of a Rapidly Growing Tumor by Drug-Loaded Polymersomes:  pH-Triggered Release through Copolymer Degradation (2006)

Carrier-mediated delivery of drugs into the cytosol is often limited by either release from the carrier or release from an internalizing endolysosome. Here, loading, delivery, and cytosolic uptake of drug mixtures from degradable polymersomes are shown to exploit both the thick membrane of these block copolymer vesicles and their aqueous lumen as well as pH-triggered release within endolysosomes. Our initial in vivo studies demonstrate growth arrest and shrinkage of rapidly growing tumors after a single intravenous injection of polymersomes composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-polyester. Vesicles are shown to break down into membrane-lytic micelles within hours at 37 degrees C and low pH, although storage at 4 degrees C allows retention of drug for over a month. It is then shown that cell entry of the polymersomes into endolysosomes is followed by copolymer-induced endolysosomal rupture with release of cytotoxic drugs. Above a critical poration concentration (CCPC) that is easily achieved within endolysosomes and that scales with copolymer proportions and molecular weight, the copolymer micelles are seen to disrupt lipid membranes and thereby enhance drug activity. Neutral polymersomes and related macrosurfactant assemblies can thus create novel pathways within cells for controlled release and delivery.
Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells on Liver Diseases (2019)

Therapeutic effects of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) transplantation have been observed in various disease models. However, it is thought that MSCs-mediated effects largely depend on the paracrine manner of secreting cytokines, growth factors, and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). Similarly, MSCs-derived EVs also showed therapeutic benefits in various liver diseases through alleviating fibrosis, improving regeneration of hepatocytes, and regulating immune activity. This review provides an overview of the MSCs, their EVs, and their therapeutic potential in treating various liver diseases including liver fibrosis, acute and chronic liver injury, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). More specifically, the mechanisms by which MSC-EVs induce therapeutic benefits in liver diseases will be covered. In addition, comparisons between MSCs and their EVs were also evaluated as regenerative medicine against liver diseases. While the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy must continue to be evaluated and verified, MSCs-derived EVs currently show tremendous potential and promise as a regenerative medicine treatment for liver disease in the future.
Plasmonic and new plasmonic materials: general discussion (2015)

Jeremy Baumberg opened a general discussion of the Introductory Lecture by Mark Brongersma: Can you see the dynamics of the forming process of these Ag nanowires in real time using EELS? Mark Brongersma answered: This is a great question. We have not yet been able to see the form
Keynote – Nanomembrane materials and soft fabrication methods in sustainable energy technologies (2014)

The fabrication of high performance integrated circuits provides examples of the most sophisticated manufacturing methods, as well as the most high performance materials, used in any area of modern technology. The advanced functional systems they provide are ones that are generally characterized by a massive integration of circuit elements within compact, rigid, and essentially planar form factor devices. New means of fabrication and enabling nanomembrane materials are providing means through which it is possible to lift these constraints – doing so in ways that both provide capacities for high performance while enabling new opportunities in technology. Examples include: light weight, large area, high-performance electronics, optics, and photonics; electrooptical systems with curvilinear shapes and capacities for accommodating demanding forms of mechanical flexure; new device form factors for use in sensing and imaging that integrate responsive materials in 3D with demanding nanometer design rules; functional biomaterials, and hybrid systems for lighting, energy storage, and photovoltaic energy conversion that provide a potentially transformational approach to supplant current technologies with high performance, low cost alternatives. Taken together, the results of recent research illustrate important opportunities for exploiting advances in materials in synergy within additive and physical means of patterning and fabrication. In this lecture, the author will explore several exemplary applications taken from this study, and specifically highlight scalable approaches to high-performance integrated systems for low-cost photovoltaic energy conversion.
Expression of Chemokine Receptors on Peripheral Blood T Cells in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (2015)

Chemokine receptors play a role in leukocyte recruitment, activation, and maintaining effector functions and regulate adaptive immune response and angiogenesis. The study aimed at flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets with selected surface chemokine receptors (CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CXCR4) or receptor combination in peripheral blood of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD). The percentage of T lymphocytes with CD8 and combined CD28,CCR7 expression was higher in HD children. The percentage of T lymphocytes expressing CCR7, CD28,CCR7, and CXCR4,CD8 was increased in children on conservative treatment. Total number (tn) of CXCR4+ cells was reduced in children on hemodialysis. The tn of T CXCR3+ cells was lower in children on conservative treatment. During HD the percentage of T CD4+ cells was higher and of T CXCR3+ lymphocytes was lower after HD session as compared to 15 min of session duration. During HD tn of T cells with expression of CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CXCR4 was constant. The alteration of chemokine receptors expression in children with CKD occurs early in the development. Diminished expression of CXCR3, CXCR4 on T cells in patients with CKD on HD might result in impaired inflammatory response. Increased CCR7+ T cell percentage could be responsible for the alteration of migration of cells into secondary lymphatic organs.
Supplementary Methods from Anti-MET ImmunoPET for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Novel Fully Human Antibody Fragments (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods not included in the primary manuscript.&lt;/p&gt;
Multiuser MISO PS-SWIPT Systems: Active or Passive RIS? (2022)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-based communication networks promise to improve channel capacity and energy efficiency. However, the promised capacity gains could be negligible for passive RISs because of the double pathloss effect. Active RISs can overcome this issue because they have reflector elements with a low-cost amplifier. This letter studies the active RIS-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a multiuser system. The users exploit power splitting (PS) to decode information and harvest energy simultaneously based on a realistic piecewise nonlinear energy harvesting model. The goal is to minimize the base station (BS) transmit power by optimizing its beamformers, PS ratios, and RIS phase shifts/amplification factors. The simulation results show significant improvements (e.g., 19% and 28%) with the maximum reflect power of 10 mW and 15 mW, respectively, compared to the passive RIS without higher computational complexity cost. We also show the robustness of the proposed algorithm against imperfect channel state information.
Organometallic Syntheses with Diazoalkanes (1978)

Abstract In recent years, aliphatic diazo compounds have proved to be more and more versatile as reagents in the preparative chemistry of organometallic complexes. As readily accessible compounds, they are not only suitable for the synthesis of known kinds of metal complexes but also open fresh routes to novel complex systems. The comparatively new field of diazoalkane complex chemistry exhibits numerous unexpected and novel reactions, and introduces interesting and promising aspects into the chemistry of carbonylmetal compounds.
Applications of zinc oxide nanowires for bio-photonics and bio-electronics (2011)

Using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, nanorods (NRs) and nanoparticles (NPs) grown on different substrates (sub-micrometer glass pipettes, thin silver wire and on plastic substrate) different bio-sensors were demonstrated. The demonstrated sensors are based on potentiometric approach and are sensitive to the ionic metals and biological analyte in question. For each case a selective membrane or enzyme was used. The measurements were performed for intracellular environment as well as in some cases (cholesterol and uric acid). The selectivity in each case is tuned according to the element to be sensed. Moreover we also developed photodynamic therapy approach based on the use of ZnO NRs and NPs. Necrosis/apoptosis was possible to achieve for different types of cancerous cell. The results indicate that the ZnO with its UV and white band emissions is beneficial to photodynamic therapy technology.
Assembly of an Exceptionally Stable RNA Tertiary Interface in a Group I Ribozyme (1999)

Group I intron RNAs contain a core of highly conserved helices flanked by peripheral domains that stabilize the core structure. In the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme, the P4, P5, and P6 helices of the core pack tightly against a three-helix subdomain called P5abc. Chemical footprinting and the crystal structure of the Tetrahymena intron P4-P6 domain revealed that tertiary interactions between these two parts of the domain create an extensive solvent-inaccessible interface. We have examined the formation and stability of this tertiary interface by providing the P5abc segment in trans to a Tetrahymena ribozyme construct that lacks P5abc (EDeltaP5abc). Equilibrium gel shift experiments show that the affinity of the P5abc and EDeltaP5abc RNAs is exceptionally strong, with a Kd of approximately 100 pM at 10 mM MgCl2 (at 37 degrees C). Chemical and enzymatic footprinting shows that the RNAs are substantially folded prior to assembly of the complex. Solvent accessibility mapping reveals that, in the absence of P5abc, the intron RNA maintains a nativelike fold but its active-site helices are not tightly packed. Upon binding of P5abc, the catalytic core becomes more tightly packed through indirect effects of the tertiary interface formation. This two-component system facilitates quantitative examination of individual tertiary contacts that stabilize the folded intron.
Competitive privacy in the smart grid (2012)

The requirement of wide-area monitoring in the deregulated electric grid is driving the need for distributed state estimation. This leads to a novel problem of competitive privacy amongst energy providers (operators) that captures the conflict between the need for collaboration to estimate the global system state with high fidelity (utility) and the need to withhold data (privacy) for competitive reasons. The precise tradeoff between utility and privacy is made explicit using rate distortion theory with privacy constraints for a two-operator network. Practical approaches are briefly discussed.
Amplification of a bovine papillomavirus-simian virus 40 chimera (1985)

A chimeric plasmid, pBOP, containing bovine papillomavirus (BPV) and the origin of replication from simian virus 40 (SV40) was constructed. The plasmid was established in mouse cells, where it was maintained stably as an autonomous BPV replicon. Lines carrying pBOP were fused to cells of COS-7, a simian line producing SV40 T antigen. Replication dependent on the SV40 origin and having the kinetics and approximate amplitude of an SV40 infection ensued. SV40 replication is therefore dominant over BPV replication, and the SV40 origin can conveniently be used to amplify lower-copy-number plasmids in mammalian cells.
Discovery of Highly Potent Liver X Receptor β Agonists (2016)

Introducing a uniquely substituted phenyl sulfone into a series of biphenyl imidazole liver X receptor (LXR) agonists afforded a dramatic potency improvement for induction of ATP binding cassette transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, in human whole blood. The agonist series demonstrated robust LXRβ activity (>70%) with low partial LXRα agonist activity (<25%) in cell assays, providing a window between desired blood cell ABCG1 gene induction in cynomolgus monkeys and modest elevation of plasma triglycerides for agonist <b>15</b>. The addition of polarity to the phenyl sulfone also reduced binding to the plasma protein, human α-1-acid glycoprotein. Agonist <b>15</b> was selected for clinical development based on the favorable combination of <i>in vitro</i> properties, excellent pharmacokinetic parameters, and a favorable lipid profile.
Cellular uptake of drug loaded spider silk particles (2016)

Medical therapies are often accompanied by un-wanted side-effects or, even worse, targeted cells can develop drug resistance leading to an ineffective treatment. Therefore, drug delivery systems are under investigation to lower the risk thereof. Drug carriers should be biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, non-immunogenic, and should show controllable drug loading and release properties. Previous studies qualified spider silk particles as drug delivery carriers, however, cellular uptake was only tested with unloaded spider silk particles. Here, the effect of drug loading on cellular uptake of previously established spider silk-based particles made of eADF4(C16), eADF4(C16)RGD, eADF4(C16)R<sub>8</sub>G and eADF4(κ16) was investigated. Fluorescently labelled polyethylenimine was used as a model substance for loading eADF4(C16), eADF4(C16)RGD or eADF4(C16)R<sub>8</sub>G particles, and fluorescently labelled ssDNA was used for loading eADF4(κ16) particles. Upon loading polyanionic eADF4(C16) and eADF4(C16)RGD particles with polycationic polyethylenimine the cellular uptake efficiency was increased, while the uptake of eADF4(C16)R<sub>8</sub>G and polycationic eADF4(κ16) particles was decreased upon substance loading. The latter could be circumvented by coating substance-loaded eADF4(κ16) particles with an additional layer of eADF4(κ16) (layer-by-layer coating). Further, it could be shown that eADF4(C16)RGD and eADF4(κ16) uptake was based on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas macropinocytosis was more important in case of eADF4(C16) and eADF4(C16)R<sub>8</sub>G particle uptake. Finally, it was confirmed that drugs, such as doxorubicin, can be efficiently delivered into and released within cells when spider silk particles were used as a carrier.
Synchronized Synthesis of Peptide‐Based Macrocycles by Digital Microfluidics (2010)

Digital synthesis has been applied to the formation of peptide-based macrocycles and their analogues with side chains appended during late-stage aziridine ring-opening. Discrete nanoliter- to microliter-sized droplets of samples and reagents are controlled in parallel by applying a series of electrical potentials to an array of electrodes coated with a hydrophobic insulator.
Photonic Shell‐Crosslinked Nanoparticle Probes for Optical Imaging and Monitoring (2009)

A pH-insensitive fluorophore is made to give pH-driven responses through its covalent incorporation within a nanostructure derived from pH-responsive polymers. Fluorophore-shell-crosslinked nanoparticles (SCKs) demonstrate notable enhancement of photophysical properties, in the physiological pH region. Fluorophore-SCKs are designed to swell at higher pH and shrink as the pH is lowered, producing high fluorescence vs. low fluorescence outputs, respectively.