gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leaky waveguide modes along the edge of a dielectric wedge (2009)

It is shown experimentally that a Gaussian beam focused from within a finite wedge onto its edge at an angle of total reflection excites a leaky waveguide mode propagating along the edge. This newly described phenomenon is interpreted in terms of waveguide modes of a tapered dielectric slab of a mode index, which is known to decrease with slab thickness. This decrease in the refractive index leads to a gradual refraction of the incident beam parallel to the edge. A numerical simulation of a focused Gaussian beam incident on a finite dielectric wedge gives a full account of this phenomenon.
Editorials: Comparison of Proposed Alternative Methods for Rescaling Dialysis Dose: Resting Energy Expenditure, High Metabolic Rate Organ Mass, Liver Size, and Body Surface Area (2008)

A number of denominators for scaling the dose of dialysis have been proposed as alternatives to the urea distribution volume (V). These include resting energy expenditure (REE), mass of high metabolic rate organs (HMRO), visceral mass, and body surface area. Metabolic rate is an unlikely denominator as it varies enormously among humans with different levels of activity and correlates poorly with the glomerular filtration rate. Similarly, scaling based on HMRO may not be optimal, as many organs with high metabolic rates such as spleen, brain, and heart are unlikely to generate unusually large amounts of uremic toxins. Visceral mass, in particular the liver and gut, has potential merit as a denominator for scaling; liver size is related to protein intake and the liver, along with the gut, is known to be responsible for the generation of suspected uremic toxins. Surface area is time-honored as a scaling method for glomerular filtration rate and scales similarly to liver size. How currently recommended dialysis doses might be affected by these alternative rescaling methods was modeled by applying anthropometric equations to a large group of dialysis patients who participated in the HEMO study. The data suggested that rescaling to REE would not be much different from scaling to V. Scaling to HMRO mass would mandate substantially higher dialysis doses for smaller patients of either gender. Rescaling to liver mass would require substantially more dialysis for women compared with men at all levels of body size. Rescaling to body surface area would require more dialysis for smaller patients of either gender and also more dialysis for women of any size. Of these proposed alternative rescaling measures, body surface area may be the best, because it reflects gender-based scaling of liver size and thereby the rate of generation of uremic toxins.
Organic Solvent-Free Fabrication of Durable and Multifunctional Superhydrophobic Paper from Waterborne Fluorinated Cellulose Nanofiber Building Blocks (2017)

In view of a great demand for paper-based technologies, nonwettable fibrous substrates with excellent durability have drawn much attention in recent years. In this context, the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), the smallest unit of cellulosic substrates (5-20 nm wide and 500 nm to several microns in length), to design waterproof paper can be an economical and smart approach. In this study, an eco-friendly and facile methodology to develop a multifunctional waterproof paper via the fabrication of fluoroalkyl functionalized CNFs in the aqueous medium is presented. This strategy avoids the need for organic solvents, thereby minimizing cost as well as reducing safety and environmental concerns. Besides, it widens the applicability of such materials as nanocellulose-based aqueous coatings on hard and soft substrates including paper, in large areas. Water droplets showed a contact angle of 160° (±2°) over these surfaces and rolled off easily. While native CNFs are extremely hydrophilic and can be dispersed in water easily, these waterborne fluorinated CNFs allow the fabrication of a superhydrophobic film that does not redisperse upon submersion in water. Incorporated chemical functionalities provide excellent durability toward mechanochemical damages of relevance to daily use such as knife scratch, sand abrasion, spillage of organic solvents, etc. Mechanical flexibility of the chemically modified CNF composed paper remains intact despite its enhanced mechanical strength, without additives. Superhydrophobicity induced excellent microbial resistance of the waterproof paper which expands its utility in various paper-based technologies. This includes waterproof electronics, currency, books, etc., where the integrity of the fibers, as demonstrated here, is a much-needed criterion.
Characterization of D‐amino‐acid‐containing excitatory conotoxins and redefinition of the I‐conotoxin superfamily (2005)

Post-translational isomerization of l-amino acids to d-amino acids is a subtle modification, not detectable by standard techniques such as Edman sequencing or MS. Accurate predictions require more sequences of modified polypeptides. A 46-amino-acid-long conotoxin, r11a, belonging to the I-superfamily was previously shown to have a d-Phe residue at position 44. In this report, we characterize two related peptides, r11b and r11c, with d-Phe and d-Leu, respectively, at the homologous position. Electrophysiological tests show that all three peptides induce repetitive activity in frog motor nerve, and epimerization of the single amino acid at the third position from the C-terminus attenuates the potency of r11a and r11b, but not that of r11c. Furthermore, r11c (but neither r11a nor r11b) also acts on skeletal muscle. We identified more cDNA clones encoding conopeptide precursors with Cys patterns similar to r11a/b/c. Although the predicted mature toxins have the same cysteine patterns, they belong to two different gene superfamilies. A potential correlation between the identity of the gene superfamily to which the I-conotoxin belongs and the presence or absence of a d-amino acid in the primary sequence is discussed. The great diversity of I-conopeptide sequences provides a rare opportunity for defining parameters that may be important for this most stealthy of all post-translational modifications. Our results indicate that neither the chemical nature of the side chain nor the precise vicinal sequence around the modified residue seem to be critical, but there may be favored loci for isomerization to a d-amino acid.
A monoclonal antibody-based immunodiagnostic assay for onchocerciasis. (1992)

Five murine monoclonal antibodies raised against Onchocerca volvulus cuticular extracts and termed MOVs (1-4 and 6) were selected based on reactivity with O. volvulus cryosections, and non-reactivity with cryosections of human skin and/or nodular tissue. Two others MOVs 5 and 7 reacted with both. Using the peroxidase-anti- peroxidase (PAP) histochemical method, the target epitopes of MOV 1 were located in the cuticle's basal and cortical layers, those of MOV 2 in the cortical layer; whilst MOV 3-7 stained the basal layer. A sandwich ELISA was then developed. The trapping polyclonal antibody was raised in rabbits utilising the same antigens as for preparation of the MOVs. Once captured on microtiter plates, target antigens were identified by the sequential binding of a MOV, followed by a goat anti-mouse globulin/peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase conjugate that catalysed a colorimetric reaction in the presence of appropriate substrates. In this system, MOV 1 emerged as the most specific and potent reagent capable of recognizing antigens of Onchocerca sp. with a minimal detection limit of 78 ng per test. MOV 1, failed to react with extracts of Loa Loa, Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum in the test. The developed assay relied on the use of MOV 1, required only 1 ml of urine or 0.05 ml serum. About 97.8% of the 47 urines and 50% of the 20 sera from patients studied gave positive results. Only 1 (3%) of 32 control urines and up to 80% of the 10 control sera studied tested positive, suggesting urine as a better specimen source.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Role of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Therapies in the Prevention of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy (2008)

Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) is a common and potentially serious complication following diagnostic and therapeutic cardiology procedures using radiocontrast media. The first and most important step in reducing the likelihood of RCIN is to identify patients at risk, by medical history and measurement of serum creatinine concentration to allow calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Extracorporeal blood purification effectively removes radiocontrast media from the circulation. Periprocedural extracorporeal blood purification (hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy) does not reduce the incidence of RCIN compared with standard medical therapy, and cannot be recommended at this time. The potential benefit of continuous venovenous hemofiltration published by a single center should be confirmed with further studies before it can be recommended or disregarded, and higher doses of continuous renal replacement therapy may also merit further investigation.
High‐efficiency gene targeting in hexaploid wheat using DNA replicons and CRISPR /Cas9 (2016)

The ability to edit plant genomes through gene targeting (GT) requires efficient methods to deliver both sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) and repair templates to plant cells. This is typically achieved using Agrobacterium T-DNA, biolistics or by stably integrating nuclease-encoding cassettes and repair templates into the plant genome. In dicotyledonous plants, such as Nicotinana tabacum (tobacco) and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), greater than 10-fold enhancements in GT frequencies have been achieved using DNA virus-based replicons. These replicons transiently amplify to high copy numbers in plant cells to deliver abundant SSNs and repair templates to achieve targeted gene modification. In the present work, we developed a replicon-based system for genome engineering of cereal crops using a deconstructed version of the wheat dwarf virus (WDV). In wheat cells, the replicons achieve a 110-fold increase in expression of a reporter gene relative to non-replicating controls. Furthermore, replicons carrying CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases and repair templates achieved GT at an endogenous ubiquitin locus at frequencies 12-fold greater than non-viral delivery methods. The use of a strong promoter to express Cas9 was critical to attain these high GT frequencies. We also demonstrate gene-targeted integration by homologous recombination (HR) in all three of the homoeoalleles (A, B and D) of the hexaploid wheat genome, and we show that with the WDV replicons, multiplexed GT within the same wheat cell can be achieved at frequencies of ~1%. In conclusion, high frequencies of GT using WDV-based DNA replicons will make it possible to edit complex cereal genomes without the need to integrate GT reagents into the genome.
Novel routing schemes based on location information for UWB ad‐hoc networks (2004)

Abstract This paper discusses a routing scheme for an autonomous distributed wireless network (mobile ad‐hoc networking) using an ultra‐wideband (UWB) system. The UWB system is a kind of spread‐spectrum communication system which has the function of measuring the distance between the transmitter and the receiver with high accuracy. Using this distance measurement function, the received energy per bit is kept constant by adjusting the spreading factor according to the transmission distance. This paper considers a packet‐forwarding scheme based on the above feature of the UWB system, where the spreading factor is adjusted according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. The objective is to realize higher throughput than in single‐hop transmission by using multihop transmission which controls the maximum transmission distance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(2): 22–30, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20082
Anisotropy of attenuation and backscatter in cancellous bone (2002)

Although bone sonometry is useful in the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the interactions between ultrasound and bone are not well understood yet. In order to investigate these processes, ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter in two orientations were measured in 43 human calcaneal specimens in vitro. In the mediolateral orientation, the ultrasound propagation direction is approximately perpendicular to the trabecular axes. In the anteroposterior orientation, a wide range of angles between the ultrasound propagation direction and trabecular axes is encountered. Average attenuation slope was 18% greater while average backscatter coefficient was 50% lower in the AP orientation compared with the ML orientation. These results support the idea that absorption is a greater component of attenuation than scattering in human calcaneal trabecular bone.
Computed tomography-fluoroscopy overlay evaluation during catheter ablation of left atrial arrhythmia (2008)

The EP navigator enabled accurate live integration of CT images and real-time fluoroscopy. Registration utilizing catheter placement or heart contours was stable and reliable.
Dip in colorimetric fluoride sensing by a chemically engineered polymeric cellulose/bPEI conjugate in the solid state (2015)

A novel heterogeneous, selective <italic>dip-in</italic> sensor for fluoride has been developed by cross-linking oxidized cellulose with branched PEI functionalized with <italic>p</italic>NO<sub>2</sub>-phenyl urea units.
Characterizing multi‐word speech production using event‐related potentials (2021)

Event-related potentials (ERPs) derived from electroencephalography (EEG) have proven useful for understanding linguistic processes during language perception and production. Words are commonly produced in sequences, yet most ERP studies have used single-word experimental designs. Single-word designs reduce potential ERP overlap in word sequence production. However, word sequence production engages brain mechanisms in different ways than single word production. In particular, speech monitoring and planning mechanisms are more engaged than for single words since several words must be produced in a short period of time. This study evaluates the feasibility of recording ERP components in the context of word sequence production, and whether separate components could be isolated for each word. Scalp EEG data were acquired, while participants recited word sequences from memory at a regular pace, using a tongue-twister paradigm. The results revealed fronto-central error-related negativity, previously associated with speech monitoring, which could be distinguished for each word. Its peak amplitude was sensitive to Cycle and Phonological Similarity. However, an effect of sequential production was also observable on baseline measures, indicating baseline shifts throughout the word sequence due to concurrent sustained medial-frontal EEG activity. We also report a late left anterior negativity (LLAN), associated with verbal response planning and execution, onsetting around 100 ms before the first word in each cycle and sustained throughout the rest of the cycle. This work underlines the importance of considering the contribution of transient and sustained EEG activity on ERPs, and provides evidence that ERPs can be used to study sequential word production.
Folic acid tagged nanoceria as a novel therapeutic agent in ovarian cancer (2016)

Thus, specific targeting of ovarian cancer cells by NCe-FA holds great potential as an effective therapeutic alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy.
A special-purpose compiler for look-up table and code generation for function evaluation (2010)

Elementary functions are extensively used in computer graphics, signal and image processing, and communication systems. This paper presents a special-purpose compiler that automatically generates customized look-up tables and implementations for elementary functions under user given constraints. The generated implementations include a C/C++ code that can be used directly by applications running on multicores, as well as a MATLAB-like code that can be translated directly to a hardware module on FPGA platforms. The experimental results show that our solutions for function evaluation bring significant performance improvements to applications on multicores as well as significant resource savings to designs on FPGAs.
Doped δ-bismuth oxides to investigate oxygen ion transport as a metric for condensed phase thermite ignition (2017)

Nanothermites offer high energy density and high burn rates, but are mechanistically only now being understood. One question of interest is how initiation occurs and how the ignition temperature is related to microscopic controlling parameters. In this study, we explored the potential role of oxygen ion transport in Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a controlling mechanism for condensed phase ignition reaction. Seven different doped δ-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were synthesized by aerosol spray pyrolysis. The ignition temperatures of Al/doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, C/doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ta/doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were measured by temperature-jump/time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a high-speed camera respectively. These results were then correlated to the corresponding oxygen ion conductivity (directly proportional to ion diffusivity) for these doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> measured by impedance spectroscopy. We find that ignition of thermite with doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as oxidizer occurs at a critical oxygen ion conductivity (∼0.06 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) of doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the condensed-phase so long as the aluminum is in a molten state. These results suggest that oxygen ion transport limits the condensed state Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> oxidized thermite ignition. We also find that the larger oxygen vacancy concentration and the smaller metal-oxide bond energy in doped Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the lower the ignition temperature. The latter suggests that we can consider the possibility of manipulating microscopic properties within a crystal, to tune the resultant energetic properties.
SecureGov (2013)

Open Government initiative allows government data available digitally to share and integrate to produce value added information products and citizen services. This "paperless" government facilitates the transparency of government and fosters collaboration across government agencies and among citizens. The citizen services often require sharing citizen data and documents among many different collaborating government agencies, which may contain sensitive information of citizens. In this environment, the security and privacy issues become a paramount priority to build a trust-worthy and sustainable smart government. Even though the existing PKI systems can provide secure exchange of information between two organizations, preventing illegal modification, edits, or transfers of sensitive data to a third parties for unintended purposes is essential at the end user side. In this paper, we present a security and trusted framework for secure Government Data Sharing (SecureGov), implemented in the Public Information Sharing Center (PISC) under the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in Korea. The layered security framework uses combined technologies, including usage control scheme called Enterprise Digital Right Management (E-DRM) to prevent illegal use and leakage, a forgery prevention technology using a 2-D barcode to prevent illegal modification of the data, and PKI scheme to ensure the authenticity of the data.
802.11 wireless infrastructure to enhance medical response to disasters. (2005)

802.11 (WiFi) is a well established network communications protocol that has wide applicability in civil infrastructure. This paper describes research that explores the design of 802.11 networks enhanced to support data communications in disaster environments. The focus of these efforts is to create network infrastructure to support operations by Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) units and Federally-sponsored regional teams that respond to mass casualty events caused by a terrorist attack with chemical, biological, nuclear or radiological weapons or by a hazardous materials spill. In this paper, we describe an advanced WiFi-based network architecture designed to meet the needs of MMRS operations. This architecture combines a Wireless Distribution Systems for peer-to-peer multihop connectivity between access points with flexible and shared access to multiple cellular backhauls for robust connectivity to the Internet. The architecture offers a high bandwidth data communications infrastructure that can penetrate into buildings and structures while also supporting commercial off-the-shelf end-user equipment such as PDAs. It is self-configuring and is self-healing in the event of a loss of a portion of the infrastructure. Testing of prototype units is ongoing.
High quality optical disc stampers with round edge grooves (2002)

We describe a deep groove having round edges in the optical disc substrate as one of solutions for difficulty in injection molding. The round edge deeper grooves were actually made and tested. Stampers with the round edge grooves can be easily made by modified directly engraved glass mastering. Replication separability from the stamper is markedly improved. No cloud problem, shorter cycle time at replication process and longer lifetime of stampers were confirmed.
Eddy Current Measurement for Characterizing Soft Tissues (2012)

Real-time and non-invasive imaging of tissues and detection of diseases on millimeter to centimeter scales can be useful in some clinical applications such as determination of margins during cancer surgery and image-guided pathology. In this paper, we describe an eddy current measurement method for characterizing soft tissues. The device consists of a pair of concentrically wound coils, a primary coil excited by a low frequency (&lt;100 kHz) sinusoidal voltage, inducing a voltage and current in the secondary detecting coil. When a conducting sample is present, eddy currents develop in the sample and alter the induced voltage and phase on the detecting coil. The output voltage and phase of the detecting coil are then monitored using lock-in amplification. Experimental measurements on porcine muscle tissue examine the effects of varying tissue macrostructure and conductivity on the eddy current detector. Three sets of experiments are presented. First, muscle samples cut into different sized grids simulating the restriction of eddy current domains show that morphological structure has a strong influence on the detector signal. Second, eddy current measurements made on porcine muscle samples at varying degrees of dehydration show that as conductivity decreases, eddy current signals also decrease. Finally, measurements on porcine muscle samples soaked overnight in deionized water complement the dehydration experiments and confirm detector voltage and phase changes decrease with decreasing conductivity.