gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced efficiency thermo-optic phase-shifter using multi-mode-interference device (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate 29.6% power reduction in thermo-optic based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) (compared to conventional devices) by using multi-mode region of 2x2 Multi-Mode-Interferometer (MMI) as the modulation region. The reported devices show minimal insertion loss penalty compared to generic devices and no additional fabrication complexity.
The spectrum of imaging manifestations of Gorham–Stout disease: a novel dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography (2023)

DCMRL imaging and plain radiography are very useful for determining the extent of GSD. DCMRL is a novel imaging tool for the visualization of abnormal lymphatics in patients with GSD, which helps in further treatment. Therefore, in patients with GSD, it might be necessary to obtain not only plain radiographs but also MR and DCMRL images.
Elastase in Intestinal Mucus Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2d (2000)

Shiga toxin variant type 2d (Stx2d) produced by some strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is composed of an enzymatically active A subunit and a B (binding) pentamer. The cytotoxicity of Stx2d is increased (activated) 10-1000-fold for Vero cells when the toxin is incubated with mucus obtained from the small intestine of mice. In this study we isolated an Stx2d activator and identified it as a mouse elastase with strong homology to human elastase IIIB. Moreover, commercially available porcine pancreatic elastase preparations also activated Stx2d cytotoxicity although with a lower specific activity than isolated mouse elastase. Elastase directly nicked the Stx2d A subunit to A(1) and A(2), an event that did not correlate with activation. However, elastase also reduced the size and changed the isoelectric point of the A(2) peptide, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by Western immunoblot analysis. This elastase-mediated size and charge shift in the A(2) peptide of Stx2d occurred concurrently with activation of the toxin. Both the reduction in size of the Stx2d A(2) peptide by incubation with elastase as well as the associated activation of Stx2d cytotoxicity were fully inhibited by elastatinal, an elastase-specific inhibitor.
A Low-Voltage 1 Mb FRAM in 0.13 $\mu$m CMOS Featuring Time-to-Digital Sensing for Expanded Operating Margin (2011)

In the effort to achieve low access energy non-volatile memory, challenges are encountered in sensing data at low power supply voltage. This work presents the design of a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) as a promising candidate for this need. The challenges of sensing diminishingly small charge and developing circuits compatible with the scaling of FRAM technology to low voltage and more advanced CMOS nodes are addressed with a time-to-digital sensing scheme. In this work, the 1T1C bitcell signal is analyzed, the circuits for a TDC-based sensing network are presented, and the implementation and operation details of a 1 Mb chip are described. The 1 Mb 1T1C FRAM fabricated in 130 nm CMOS operates from 1.5 V to 1.0 V with corresponding access energy from 19.2 pJ to 9.8 pJ per bit. This approach is generalized to a variety of non-volatile memory technologies.
Analysis of prepro-alpha-lytic protease expression in Escherichia coli reveals that the pro region is required for activity (1989)

The alpha-lytic protease of Lysobacter enzymogenes was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli by fusing the promoter and signal sequence of the E. coli phoA gene to the proenzyme portion of the alpha-lytic protease gene. Following induction, active enzyme was found both within cells and in the extracellular medium, where it slowly accumulated to high levels. Use of a similar gene fusion to express the protease domain alone produced inactive enzyme, indicating that the large amino-terminal pro region is necessary for activity. The implications for protein folding are discussed. Furthermore, inactivation of the protease by mutation of the catalytic serine residue resulted in the production of a higher-molecular-weight form of the alpha-lytic protease, suggesting that the enzyme is self-processing in E. coli.
Charge-transfer doping by fullerenes on oxidized Si surfaces (2007)

We have studied the charge transfer between various fullerenes (C60, C78, C84, C60F36, and C60F48) and oxidized Si surfaces in order to evaluate their capability of charge-transfer doping to form ultrashallow junctions in Si. Although the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of these fullerene molecules in isolated states are higher in energy than the valence band maximum (VBM) of Si, the fullerenes C60F36 and C60F48, which were deposited on oxidized Si substrates, captured electrons from the Si surfaces; this generated hole inversion layers. C60, C78, and C84 did not induce such electron transfer. From the densities of the generated holes, we estimated the acceptor levels of C60F36 and C60F48, which were condensed on the oxidized Si surface, to be 5.6–5.7 and 5.2eV below the vacuum level, respectively; these values are lower than the VBM of Si.
Respiratory droplet resuspension near surfaces: Modeling and analysis (2021)

Knowing the environmental spreading pathway of COVID-19 is crucial for improving safety practices, particularly for health care workers who are more susceptible to exposure. This paper focuses on the possible secondary transmission due to resuspension of virus-laden droplets from common surfaces, which several studies have shown to be possible under external disturbances. Such disturbances could be body motion during walking, running, clothes removal, or airflow in the environment. In this paper, a three-dimensional two-phase model is utilized to study respiratory droplet resuspension dynamics on various surfaces due to sudden agitation. The velocity range and variation during walking, surgical glove removal, and dropping an object are studied experimentally. A parametric study is performed to characterize the effects of droplet size and surface wettability on the minimum initial droplet velocity required for detachment from surfaces. The results are reported as average droplet velocity during the detachment process, total detachment time, and detached droplet volume. The obtained results indicate that respiratory droplets larger than 200 μm can detach from typical surfaces due to normal daily activities. Droplets are partially separated from hydrophilic surfaces with contact angle ≤90°, while the entire droplet is detached from hydrophobic surfaces with contact angle &amp;gt;90°. Furthermore, the minimum initial droplet velocity to induce the resuspension depends on the droplet size. Droplet velocity immediately after detachment is a function of droplet size, initial droplet velocity, and surface wettability. Bigger droplets have larger detached volume percentage as well as higher velocity after detachment compared to smaller droplets. Finally, a higher initial velocity is needed to separate droplets from hydrophilic surfaces as compared to hydrophobic surfaces. In accordance with the results, the droplet minimum initial velocity to cause detachment is 2 m s−1, while our experiments show that surface velocity can reach up to 3 m s−1 during normal human activities. We also develop an analytical model to predict the required kinetic energy to detach droplets from different surfaces, which is in good agreement with numerical results. The mechanism of droplet detachment is dictated by a competition between droplet kinetic energy induced by surface motion and surface energy due to droplet–surface interaction as well as droplet–vapor and surface–vapor interactions. We believe that the results of this fundamental study can potentially be used to suggest proper surface wettability and safe motion that reduce respiratory droplet resuspension from various surfaces.
Additional MAC Features (2013)

The HomePlug AV MAC supports the key features of (i) channel estimation, (ii) bridging to facilitate communication between the Powerline Communication (PLC) and other networks, (iii) coexistence with HomePlug 1.0.1 stations to facilitate harmony in the HomePlug Ecosystem, and (iv) Proxy Networking to handle hidden station problems. This chapter describes the mechanisms implemented in HomePlug AV to enable these features. The channel estimation procedure is divided into two phases depending on whether the transmitter has any valid Tone Maps: initial channel estimation; and, dynamic channel adaptation. It also includes mechanisms for negotiating the number of Tone Maps that can be used, maintaining lists of valid Tone Maps, and maintaining the lists of the intervals within the AC line cycle. Bridging in the HomePlug AV is accomplished through source-aware bridging, that is, each AV station maintains knowledge of the powerline destination to which an Ethernet packet needs to be sent. Controlled Vocabulary Terms carrier transmission on power lines; channel estimation; home networks
Challenges in Achieving Hemostasis in Gastroesophageal Variceal Bleeding (2016)

A 67-year-old man with cirrhosis secondary to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (MELD score 16) presented to an outside facility with hematemesis and presyncope. At endoscopy, esophageal varices (EV) without bleeding stigmata and fundal varices with overlying clot were noted. CT showed a large splenorenal shunt (SRS). An attempt at transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was aborted due to a small portal vein. Upon transfer to our institution, gastroesophageal varices type II (GOV2) per Sarin classification with fibrin plug involving a fundal varix was noted on repeat endoscopy. Due to the high risk of glue embolization via the SRS, a combined interventional radiologic-endoscopic approach consisting of balloon-retrograde transvenous occlusion (BRTOcc) of the SRS with endoscopic cyanoacrylate-Lipiodol (4:1 ratio) injection was performed successfully with obturation of the fundal varices. Further bleeding episodes from EV and from recurrent gastric varices (GV) at 24 weeks prompted coil embolization of GV and TIPS placement. Patient is currently awaiting liver transplantation. This case illustrates several important points. First, the off-label use of cyanoacrylate injection is successful in treating bleeding GV at least in the short-term, but GV do recur. Second, the risk of systemic glue embolization via large SRS can be minimized via the BRTOcc technique. Third, TIPS remains a primary or salvage technique for bleeding gastroesophageal varices when technically feasible.
Supplementary Figures 1-4; Supplementary Tables 1 & 2 from High Levels of Expression of P-glycoprotein/Multidrug Resistance Protein Result in Resistance to Vintafolide (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1: Assessment of kidney cancer cell lines A498, 786-O, and A704 via flow cytometry revealed surface expression of P-gp in all lines; Supplementary Figure 2: 786-O and A704 cells were transduced with lentiviral FR1, and flow cytometric analysis shows increased surface FR1 expression; Supplementary Figure 3: NCI/ADR-RES or NCI/ADR-RES-FR cells with known FR levels were treated with increasing concentrations (10-9 M to 10-5 M) of vintafolide for 2 h; Supplementary Figure 4: Ovarian tumors positive for P-gp tend to express lower levels of FR; Supplementary Table 1: P-gp inhibitor elacridar reverses P-gp-mediated DAVLBH and vintafolide resistance; Supplementary Table 2: Functional multi-drug transporter efflux assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Reproducible Benchmarking Platform for Networked Control Systems (2018)

The evolution of the Internet of Things accelerated the development of Cyber-Physical Systems. Among them, Networked Control Systems (NCSes) gained notable attention thanks to their application to industrial operations. Experimental NCSes require expertise from control, computation with the fragmentation of hardware and software used for the implementation of NCSes, represents a challenge for the reproducibility of research results. In this paper, we present the first reproducible experimental benchmarking platform for NCSes. The proposed platform is open-source and designed to be easily reproducible and extensible by anyone. Additionally, we present an NCS benchmarking methodology that aids the reproducibility of NCS experiments. To this end, it defines the parameters of the experiment and the relevant Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that need to be observed during its execution. Finally, we evaluate in details the proposed KPIs and validate the benchmarking methodology by reproducing the platform and comparing the KPIs in different scenarios. Results present the performances of the two platforms and prove the validity of the proposed NCS benchmarking methodology.
Distributed Load Balancing through Self Organisation of cell size in cellular systems (2012)

Uneven traffic load among the cells increases call blocking rates in some cells and causes low resource utilisation in other cells and thus degrades user satisfaction and overall performance of the cellular system. Various centralised or semi centralised Load Balancing (LB) schemes have been proposed to cope with this time persistent problem, however, a fully distributed Self Organising (SO) LB solution is still needed for the future cellular networks. To this end, we present a novel distributed LB solution based on an analytical framework developed on the principles of nature inspired SO systems. A novel concept of super-cell is proposed to decompose the problem of “system-wide blocking minimization” into the local sub-problems in order to enable a SO distributed solution. Performance of the proposed solution is evaluated through system level simulations for both macro cell and femto cell based systems. Numerical results show that the proposed solution can reduce the blocking in the system close to an Ideal Central Control (ICC) based LB solution. The added advantage of the proposed solution is that it does not require heavy signalling overheads.
A Signal Analysis Method Using Cross-Correlation of Turbulence Flow Signals to Determine Calibration of Permanent Magnet Sodium Flowmeters (1978)

Permanent magnet flowmeters are used to measure flow in sodium cooled power plants both in the core and in plant piping. In this paper the cross-correlation technique and in particular the transfer function method is used to process the flow turbulence signals from electrodes spaced along the pipe in the vicinity of the magnetic field. Results from a loop flowmeter the EBR-II secondary flowmeter and a 400 mm diameter flowmeter will be presented.
Nanophotonic Array-Induced Dynamic Behavior for Label-Free Shape-Selective Bacteria Sieving (2019)

Current particle sorting methods such as microfluidics, acoustics, and optics focus on exploiting the differences in the mass, size, refractive index, or fluorescence staining. However, there exist formidable challenges for them to sort label-free submicron particles with similar volume and refractive index yet distinct shapes. In this work, we report an optofluidic nanophotonic sawtooth array (ONSA) that generates sawtooth-like light fields through light coupling, paving the physical foundation for shape-selective sieving. Submicron particles interact with the coupled hotspots which impose different optical torques on the particles according to their shapes. Unstained <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> are used as a model system to demonstrate this shape-selective sorting mechanism based on the torque-induced body dynamics, which was previously unattainable by other particle sorting technologies. More than 95% of <i>S. aureus</i> is retained within ONSA, while more than 97% of <i>E. coli</i> is removed. This nanophotonic chip offers a paradigm shift in shape-selective sorting of submicron particles and expands the boundary of optofluidics-based particle manipulation.
Microarray Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Gene Expression after Prednisolone Treatment in Murine Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis (2005)

The implications of the clusters after treatment with PDS remain unclear. The results showed that hierarchical cluster analysis based on comprehensive gene expression profiles may provide a powerful tool for identifying genes not previously associated with the therapeutic targets in ocular inflammation.
Discovery of N-hydroxyguanidines as novel electron acceptors of xanthine oxidase : Potential new drugs for treatment of ischemia and reperfusion injury (1999)

Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.22) is one of the major enzymatic sources of oxygen-derived free radicals. It is thought to cause a number of serious clinical disorders, including the reperfusion injury following a period of ischemia. The present study describes the discovery of a new possibility to inhibit superoxide radical formation by using N-hydroxyguanidine compounds, which act as alternative electron acceptors of xanthine oxidase.Earlier it was observed that, in radioligand binding assays, the N-hydroxyguanidine compound guanoxabenz, bound to α2-adrenoceptors with two different apparent affinities in certain rat tissue membranes. We found that the formation of high affinity binding for guanoxabenz is dependent on the generation of a metabolite, guanabenz, which has a greater affinity for the α2-adrenoceptors than guanoxabenz itself. The guanoxabenz-reducing enzyme was purified from rat spleen cytosol. The activity could be inhibited by allopurinol, or sustained by NADH or xanthine as co-factors. Amino acid sequencing showed that the enzyme was identical with xanthine oxidase. However, in addition to xanthine oxidase other, as yet unidentified, guanoxabenz-reducing activity was found in rat brain membranes.A series of N-hydroxyguanidines were synthesized and tested for xanthine oxidase electron acceptor activity. The greatest electron acceptor activity was seen in compounds where the guanidine fragment is conjugated with a benzene ring having π-donating substituents in paraposition. The electron density on the guanidine fragment leads to the increase in electron acceptor activity.Mechanistic studies have indicated that N-hydroxyguanidine derivative PR5 binds to xanthine oxidase and becomes reduced at the molybdenum centre of the enzyme. PR5 was also found to be both an electron acceptor and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, both effects attenuating superoxide formation.In an in vivo rat myocardial infarction model, the N-hydroxyguanidine derivative PR5 was shown to provide remarkable protection against ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial necrosis and life-threatening arrhythmia.
Photocatalytically Active Ladder Polymers (2018)

&lt;p&gt;Conjugated ladder polymers (cLaPs) are introduced as organic semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water under sacrificial conditions. Starting from a linear conjugated polymer (cLiP1), two ladder polymers are synthesized via post-polymerization annulation and oxidation techniques to generate rigidified, planarized materials bearing dibenzo[&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;]thiophene (&lt;b&gt;cLaP1&lt;/b&gt;) and dibenzo[&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;]thiophene sulfone subunits (&lt;b&gt;cLaP2&lt;/b&gt;). The high photocatalytic activity of &lt;b&gt;cLaP1&lt;/b&gt; (1307 μmol h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) in comparison to &lt;b&gt;cLaP2&lt;/b&gt; (18 μmol h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) under broadband illumination (λ &gt;295 nm) in presence of a hole-scavenger is attributed to a higher yield of long-lived charges (µs–ms timescale), as evidenced by transient absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, &lt;b&gt;cLaP1&lt;/b&gt; has a larger overpotential for proton reduction and thus an increased driving force for the evolution of hydrogen under sacrificial conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
Data Supplement from p53MVA Therapy in Patients with Refractory Gastrointestinal Malignancies Elevates p53-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Calculation of p53-specific T cell activation&lt;/p&gt;
Age of Information in a Decentralized Network of Parallel Queues with Routing and Packets Losses (2020)

The paper deals with Age of Information (AoI) in a network of multiple sources and parallel queues with buffering capabilities, preemption in service and losses in served packets. The queues do not communicate between each other and the packets are dispatched through the queues according to a predefined probabilistic routing. By making use of the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) method, we provide a derivation of the average AoI of a system of two parallel queues (with and without buffer capabilities) and compare the results with those of a single queue. We show that known results of packets delay in Queuing Theory do not hold for the AoI. Unfortunately, the complexity of computing the average AoI using the SHS method increases highly with the number of queues. We therefore provide an upper bound of the average AoI in a system of an arbitrary number of M/M/1/(N+1) queues and show its tightness in various regimes. This upper bound allows providing a tight approximation of the average AoI with a very low complexity. We then provide a game framework that allows each source to determine its best probabilistic routing decision. By using Mean Field Games, we provide an analysis of the routing game framework, propose an efficient iterative method to find the routing decision of each source and prove its convergence to the desired equilibrium.
NEPTUNE gigabit Ethernet submarine cable system (2002)

The NEPTUNE scientific submarine cable system will "wire" the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate and turn it into an interactive ocean sciences laboratory. NEPTUNE will provide 30 seafloor nodes distributed over a 500 by 1000 km area to which many scientific instruments may be attached. The NEPTUNE backbone communications system will be based on commercial off-the-shelf Gigabit Ethernet components packaged as ocean bottom communications modules. This paper describes the requirements and technological alternatives that lead to this choice. In addition to the high speed communications needs, separate low-speed channels are required for out-of-band management and the distribution of high accuracy, low jitter time information. A proposed design that meets these two functions is presented. Finally, NEPTUNE instrument communications will be based on slow/fast Ethernet, and a Scientific Instrument Interface Module (SIIM) will be provided to facilitate connection.