gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating four mathematical models for nitrous oxide production by autotrophic ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (2012)

There is increasing evidence showing that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are major contributors to N(2)O emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Although the fundamental metabolic pathways for N(2)O production by AOB are now coming to light, the mechanisms responsible for N(2)O production by AOB in WWTP are not fully understood. Mathematical modeling provides a means for testing hypotheses related to mechanisms and triggers for N(2)O emissions in WWTP, and can then also become a tool to support the development of mitigation strategies. This study examined the ability of four mathematical model structures to describe two distinct mechanisms of N(2)O production by AOB. The production mechanisms evaluated are (1) N(2)O as the final product of nitrifier denitrification with NO(2)- as the terminal electron acceptor and (2) N(2)O as a byproduct of incomplete oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH(2)OH) to NO(2)-. The four models were compared based on their ability to predict N(2)O dynamics observed in three mixed culture studies. Short-term batch experimental data were employed to examine model assumptions related to the effects of (1) NH4+ concentration variations, (2) dissolved oxygen (DO) variations, (3) NO(2)- accumulations and (4) NH(2OH as an externally provided substrate. The modeling results demonstrate that all these models can generally describe the NH4+, NO(2)-, and NO(3)- data. However, none of these models were able to reproduce all measured N(2)O data. The results suggest that both the denitrification and NH(2)OH pathways may be involved in N(2)O production and could be kinetically linked by a competition for intracellular reducing equivalents. A unified model capturing both mechanisms and their potential interactions needs to be developed with consideration of physiological complexity.
Lorentz force in water: evidence that hydronium cyclotron resonance enhances polymorphism (2014)

There is an ongoing question regarding the structure forming capabilities of water at ambient temperatures. To probe for different structures, we studied effects in pure water following magnetic field exposures corresponding to the ion cyclotron resonance of H3O(+). Included were measurements of conductivity and pH. We find that under ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) stimulation, water undergoes a transition to a form that is hydroxonium-like, with the subsequent emission of a transient 48.5 Hz magnetic signal, in the absence of any other measurable field. Our results indicate that hydronium resonance stimulation alters the structure of water, enhancing the concentration of EZ-water. These results are not only consistent with Del Giudice's model of electromagnetically coherent domains, but they can also be interpreted to show that these domains exist in quantized spin states.
Prospects For Imaging of Single Dopant Atoms in Silicon by ADF Stem (1998)

Abstract The demands of the National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors will necessitate measurement of dopant concentrations with greater spatial resolution than now possible. Current experimental and simulation experience indicate that Annular Dark Field (ADF) imaging in a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) should be able to determine dopant distributions with near atomic resolution. The ADF signal is derived from electrons diffusely scattered to high angles, resulting in contrast due to atomic number (Z-contrast) and defects in the crystal lattice. Thus, heavy atoms can be imaged by their Z-contrast and small atoms by the misfit strain induced in the silicon lattice. Atomic number scattering is proportional to Zn where n is between 1.5 and 1.9 depending upon the inner detector angle of the ADF detector.
Current State of the Art in Ventricle Tissue Engineering (2020)

The field of ventricle tissue engineering is focused on bioengineering highly functioning left ventricles that can be used as model systems for basic cardiology research and for cardiotoxicity testing. In this article, we review the current state of the art in the field of ventricle tissue engineering and discuss different strategies that have been used to bioengineer ventricles. Based on this body of literature, there are now common themes in the field that provide guidance for future directives, also presented in this article.
Communication with secrecy constraints (1984)

Let x, y, z be finite sets, X,Y random variables uniformly distributed over x×y, f a function from x×y to Z and 0≤ε&le1. A person PX knows X and a person PY knows Y and they want to exchange X and Y. An eavesdropper who knows their protocol listens to their communication in order to obtain information about f(X, Y). PX and PY want to ensure that for every value (x,y) of (X,Y) the eavesdropper's a priori and a posteriori probabilities of {f(X,Y)=j} are ε-close for all j. Therefore, they encrypt some of the transmitted bits. The problem is to find a protocol that minimizes the number of bits encrypted in the worst case. Two kinds of protocols are considered: deterministic and randomized.
Pharmacokinetics of levamisole in broiler breeder chickens (2006)

The pharmacokinetics of levamisole was studied in 20 broiler breeder chickens (chickens that give eggs to breed broilers). A single dose of levamisole (40 mg/kg) was administered orally or intravenously to chickens before the onset of egg production, prelay (age = 22 weeks), and repeated at the peak of egg production (age = 32 weeks). A high-pressure liquid chromatographic with ultraviolet detection method (HPLC-UV) was used for quantification of levamisole in plasma. Using compartmental analysis, levamisole followed a three-compartmental open model with mean values of alpha = 0.1224 and 0.4968, beta = 0.01663 and 0.01813, gamma = 0.002 and 0.002/min at the prelay and at the peak of egg production periods, respectively. The mean values for volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)), determined by compartmental analysis, were significantly different for prelay and peak of egg production (8.358 and 13.581 mL/kg), respectively.
Supplemental Methods from Fibulin-5 Blocks Microenvironmental ROS in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Description of additional methods and procedures used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
Architectures for Advanced Cryptographic Systems (2004)

In the last 20-30 years, the world of modern cryptography has been largely dominated by traditional systems such as the Data Encryption Standard and the RSA algorithm. Such systems have provided a secure way for storing and transmitting information and they are nowadays incorporated in many network protocols and secure storage media. More recently, the increasing advance of crypto-analytical techniques and tools and the emergence of new applications, for example wireless communications and mobile computing, have stimulated the research and development of innovative cryptographic algorithms. These newer systems require a more detailed and sophisticated mathematical formalization and operations, which are not normally supported by general-purpose processors. For example, many basic operations required to implement recently proposed cryptographic algorithms, such as the Advanced Encryption Standard or Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems, are based on arithmetic in finite fields (or Galois fields). This chapter is, thus, intended to give an overview of such developments in modern cryptography. In particular, it aims at giving the reader a comprehensive understanding of innovative cryptosystems, their basic structure, alternative existing hardware architectures to implement them, and their performance requirements and characterizations. Emphasis will be made throughout on two important cases: the Advanced Encryption Standard and Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems.
Bayesian nonparametric music parser (2012)

This paper proposes a novel representation of music that can be used for similarity-based music information retrieval, and also presents a method that converts an input polyphonic audio signal to the proposed representation. The representation involves a 2-dimensional tree structure, where each node encodes the musical note and the dimensions correspond to the time and simultaneous multiple notes, respectively. Since the temporal structure and the synchrony of simultaneous events are both essential in music, our representation reflects them explicitly. In the conventional approaches to music representation from audio, note extraction is usually performed prior to structure analysis, but accurate note extraction has been a difficult task. In the proposed method, note extraction and structure estimation is performed simultaneously and thus the optimal solution is obtained with a unified inference procedure. That is, we propose an extended 2-dimensional infinite probabilistic context-free grammar and a sparse factor model for spectrogram analysis. An efficient inference algorithm, based on Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and dynamic programming, is presented. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Induction motor speed control using power line communication (2009)

It is shown that an inverter-fed power line is a feasible medium for transmission of modulated information. This link is also a suitable alternative for the sensor cabling between motors and inverters in motor control and diagnostic applications. The use of the motor power cable in the speed feedback induction motor control application is presented in this paper.
On the Phase Noise Impact in Direct-Detection Optical OFDM Transmission (2010)

In this letter, we characterize the impact of laser phase noise (PN) in direct-detection optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and emphasize its several differences from those in coherent optical OFDM. We also analyze the system performance in the presence of PN for various quadrature-amplitude-modulation formats and provide the bit-error-rate estimation method which can yield reliable results when the PN-induced optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty is lower than ~2 dB.
An online quasi-Newton algorithm for blind SIMO identification (2010)

In the last decade various time- and frequency-domain algorithms were derived to blindly identify acoustic systems. One of these algorithms is the multichannel Newton (MCN) algorithm, which is also the basis of the well known normalized multichannel frequency-domain least-mean-square (NMCFLMS) algorithm. A major drawback of the MCN is that it requires the computation and inversion of a Hessian matrix, which involves extensive computation making it unsuitable for online applications. In this paper, we therefore derive and investigate an efficient online multichannel quasi-Newton (MCQN) algorithm that updates the inverse of the Hessian by analyzing successive gradient vectors. The new MCQN is shown to exhibit similar performance to MCN but with much reduced complexity.
Detailed Oil Compositional Analysis Enables Evaluation of Impact of Temperature and Biomass-to-Catalyst Ratio on ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Pine Vapors over ZSM-5 (2020)

The impact of upgrading temperature and biomass-to-catalyst mass ratio on upgrading pine pyrolysis vapors over HZSM-5 was studied in a dual fluidized bed reactor system. Increasing the upgrading temperature or reducing the biomass-to-catalyst ratio enhanced deoxygenation but decreased organic oil yields. Higher upgrading temperatures enhanced transformation of carbon into gaseous products, whereas the reduced biomass-to-catalyst ratio increased the conversion of biomass vapors to coke. While oxygen was removed as CO, H2O, and CO2, decarboxylation was limited by the amount of acids in the pyrolysis vapors. Bio-oil with molecular weight in gasoline range was derived via catalytic upgrading. The molecular homogeneity was improved at higher catalytic upgrading temperature and lower biomass-to-catalyst (B:C) ratio. Increasing the B:C ratio decreased the fraction of aliphatic C–H bonds and polyaromatics and increased the retention of both aliphatic and aromatic OH groups. Increasing the upgrading temperature enhanced cracking by ZSM-5, leading to oil with lower molecular weight, enhanced dealkylation and formation of light hydrocarbon gases, enhanced demethoxylation, and decreased polyaromatics formation. Aliphatic and aromatic OH decreased as upgrading temperature was increased from 500 to 550 °C, but there was less impact when the temperature was further increased to 600 °C.
Antimony Oxide Hydroxide Ethanedisulfonate: a Cationic Layered Metal Oxide for Lewis Acid Applications (2008)

We have discovered a rare example of a cationically charged inorganic material. The layered structure is an example outside the extensively studied isostructural set of anionic clays/layered double hydroxides and our previously reported lead fluoride nitrate. For the present compound, the antimony oxide hydroxide layers are positively charged and are templated by anionic alkylenedisulfonate. The organic molecules are only bonded electrostatically to the layers with sulfonate oxygen to antimony distances beyond the covalent range. The material catalyzes a ketal formation reaction as a Lewis acid without the need for drying the solvent before the reaction or a nonaqueous medium such as toluene. The catalyst is heterogeneous and is completely recovered after the catalysis for reapplication.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Relaxation of Acetylene Produced by the Photolysis of Vinyl Bromide. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cellulase Linkers Are Optimized Based on Domain Type and Function: Insights from Sequence Analysis, Biophysical Measurements, and Molecular Simulation (2012)

Cellulase enzymes deconstruct cellulose to glucose, and are often comprised of glycosylated linkers connecting glycoside hydrolases (GHs) to carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). Although linker modifications can alter cellulase activity, the functional role of linkers beyond domain connectivity remains unknown. Here we investigate cellulase linkers connecting GH Family 6 or 7 catalytic domains to Family 1 or 2 CBMs, from both bacterial and eukaryotic cellulases to identify conserved characteristics potentially related to function. Sequence analysis suggests that the linker lengths between structured domains are optimized based on the GH domain and CBM type, such that linker length may be important for activity. Longer linkers are observed in eukaryotic GH Family 6 cellulases compared to GH Family 7 cellulases. Bacterial GH Family 6 cellulases are found with structured domains in either N to C terminal order, and similar linker lengths suggest there is no effect of domain order on length. O-glycosylation is uniformly distributed across linkers, suggesting that glycans are required along entire linker lengths for proteolysis protection and, as suggested by simulation, for extension. Sequence comparisons show that proline content for bacterial linkers is more than double that observed in eukaryotic linkers, but with fewer putative O-glycan sites, suggesting alternative methods for extension. Conversely, near linker termini where linkers connect to structured domains, O-glycosylation sites are observed less frequently, whereas glycines are more prevalent, suggesting the need for flexibility to achieve proper domain orientations. Putative N-glycosylation sites are quite rare in cellulase linkers, while an N-P motif, which strongly disfavors the attachment of N-glycans, is commonly observed. These results suggest that linkers exhibit features that are likely tailored for optimal function, despite possessing low sequence identity. This study suggests that cellulase linkers may exhibit function in enzyme action, and highlights the need for additional studies to elucidate cellulase linker functions.
Incorporating association pattern and operation specification in ODMG's OQL (1997)

Article Incorporating association pattern and operation specification in ODMG's OQL Share on Authors: Vanja Josifovski Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden and Database Research and Development Center, University of Florida Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden and Database Research and Development Center, University of FloridaView Profile , Stanley Y. W. Su Database Research and Development Center, University of Florida Database Research and Development Center, University of FloridaView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '97: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Information and knowledge managementJanuary 1997 Pages 332–340https://doi.org/10.1145/266714.266921Published:01 January 1997 0citation260DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads260Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Annulated Oxabenzomorphanes. (1986)

Abstract Die Hydroxybenzalacetone (I) reagieren mit den Cyclohexanonen (II) oder Enaminen (III) zu den Octahydronaphthalinen (IV), die zu tetracyclischen Etherketonen (V) cyclisieren; LiAlH 4 reduziert (V) zum Alkohol (VI).
The threat of Ashermans disease: the impact on maternal-fetal outcomes (2023)

Objectives: To determine obstetrical complications in the first ongoing pregnancy following surgical management of women with Asherman syndrome (AS) Design: A cohort study conducyed between January 2010 and December 2020 with a minimal follow-up of 1 year. Setting: Study was conducted in the Asherman Expertise Center a referral center for women with AS. Population: women with a pregnancy and delivery after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for AS Methods: Obstetrical outcomes were assessed using a follow up questionnaire and obstetrical complications data on the delivery were collected from the patients’ hospital records. Mean Outcome Measures: Obsterical outcome in women with AS such as premature delivery, small for gestational age placenta complications postpartum problem. Results: We included 425 patients with a first pregnancy of at least 20 weeks after AS treatment. 407 living children were born, and there were 16 perinatal death (including 1 set of twins, 3.3%) and 2 terminations of pregnancy (0.5%). Of these women 21.8 % had a premature delivery, 17% had a baby who was small for gestational age. Of all women, 17.8% had a placenta complication and 50.6 % had a postpartum problem. These numbers were worse among women who had a postpartum procedure as a cause of AS, as 83% of them had postpartum complications, 33% a premature delivery and 27% placenta complications. Overall, 53% of women with a first trimester procedure and 85% of women with a postpartum procedure preceding AS had a severe adverse obstetric outcome. Conclusions : After successful adhesiolysis of women with AS, pregnancy should be considered medium to high risk for complications during pregnancy and postpartum, especially among women who had a postpartum procedure in their medical history.
Exome survey of individuals affected by VATER/VACTERL with renal phenotypes identifies phenocopies and novel candidate genes (2021)

The acronym VATER/VACTERL refers to the rare nonrandom association of the following component features (CFs): vertebral defects (V), anorectal malformations (ARM) (A), cardiac anomalies (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia (TE), renal malformations (R), and limb anomalies (L). For the clinical diagnosis, the presence of at least three CFs is required, individuals presenting with only two CFs have been categorized as VATER/VACTERL-like. The majority of VATER/VACTERL individuals displays a renal phenotype. Hitherto, variants in FGF8, FOXF1, HOXD13, LPP, TRAP1, PTEN, and ZIC3 have been associated with the VATER/VACTERL association; however, large-scale re-sequencing could only confirm TRAP1 and ZIC3 as VATER/VACTERL disease genes, both associated with a renal phenotype. In this study, we performed exome sequencing in 21 individuals and their families with a renal VATER/VACTERL or VATER/VACTERL-like phenotype to identify potentially novel genetic causes. Exome analysis identified biallelic and X-chromosomal hemizygous potentially pathogenic variants in six individuals (29%) in B9D1, FREM1, ZNF157, SP8, ACOT9, and TTLL11, respectively. The online tool GeneMatcher revealed another individual with a variant in ZNF157. Our study suggests six biallelic and X-chromosomal hemizygous VATER/VACTERL disease genes implicating all six genes in the expression of human renal malformations.
Model compounds and13C NMR increments for the characterization of maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefins (1999)

A set of model compounds that mimic the graft sites of maleic anhydride (MA) functionalized polyolefins was synthesized and characterized with NMR spectroscopy. The acquired carbon nuclear magnetic resonance data were used to deduce chemical-shift increments for the prediction of 13C chemical shifts of MA functionalized polyolefins. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4368–4385, 1999
Description of limit cycles in sigma-delta modulators (2005)

A mathematical framework, based on state-space modeling, for the description of limit cycles (LCs) of 1-bit sigma-delta modulators (SDMs) is presented. It is proved that periodicity in bit output pattern of the SDM implies a periodic orbit in state-space variables. While the state-space description is generally applicable for periodic inputs, the focus is on dc inputs, since this represents the most relevant practical condition. An outcome of the analysis is that, in general, for an Nth-order SDM, at least N-1 initial conditions need to be fixed in order to have LC behavior. Expressions for the minimum disturbance of the input or initial conditions that is needed to break up a LC are also presented. Special focus is given to the case where the disturbance takes the form of "dithering the quantizer", and it is shown that this form of dither is a suboptimal approach to remove LCs. The stability of LCs is determined, and it is demonstrated that a resonator section, as often employed to increase the dynamic range of an SDM, has an adverse effect on LC behavior in that it stabilizes LCs. Furthermore, the experimental observation that high order SDMs are less susceptible to LCs is underpinned. Finally, some examples are provided which illustrate the theoretical results.