gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
External validation of the RISC, RISC-Malawi, and PERCH clinical prediction rules to identify risk of death in children hospitalized with pneumonia (2021)

In a large external application of the RISC, RISC-Malawi, and PERCH scores, a substantial number of children were misclassified for their risk of hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality. Although pneumonia risk scores have performed well among the cohorts in which they were derived, their performance diminished when externally applied. A generalizable risk assessment tool with higher sensitivity and specificity to identify children at risk of hospitalized pneumonia-related mortality may be needed. Such a generalizable risk assessment tool would need context-specific validation prior to implementation in that setting.
Proceedings of the LOCATA Challenge Workshop -- a satellite event of IWAENC 2018 (2018)

Algorithms for acoustic source localization and tracking provide estimates of the positional information about active sound sources in acoustic environments and are essential for a wide range of applications such as personal assistants, smart homes, tele-conferencing systems, hearing aids, or autonomous systems. The aim of the IEEE-AASP Challenge on sound source localization and tracking (LOCATA) was to objectively benchmark state-of-the-art localization and tracking algorithms using an open-access data corpus of recordings for scenarios typically encountered in audio and acoustic signal processing applications. The challenge tasks ranged from the localization of a single source with a static microphone array to the tracking of multiple moving sources with a moving microphone array.
Hand-grip and body-loss impact on RSS measurements for localization of mass market devices (2011)

In this paper we present the effect of the hand-grip and the presence of the human body on received signal strength measurements when performing positioning of mass market devices in indoor environments. We demonstrate that the mitigation of both human body and hand-grip influence can enhance the positioning accuracy and that the human factor cannot be neglected in experimental activities with real mobile devices.
Adipocyte arrestin domain-containing 3 protein (Arrdc3) regulates uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression in white adipose independently of canonical changes in β-adrenergic receptor signaling (2017)

Adaptive thermogenesis and cold-induced activation of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue in rodents is well-described and attributed to sympathetic activation of β-adrenergic signaling. The arrestin domain containing protein Arrdc3 is a regulator of obesity in mice and also appears linked to obesity in humans. We generated a mouse with conditional deletion of Arrdc3, and here we present evidence that genetic ablation of Arrdc3 specifically in adipocytes results in increased Ucp1 expression in subcutaneous and parametrial adipose tissue. Although this increase in expression did not correspond with significant changes in body weight or energy expenditure, adipocyte-specific Arrdc3-null mice had improved glucose tolerance. It was previously hypothesized that Arrdc3 ablation leads to increased β-adrenergic receptor sensitivity; however, in vitro experiments show that Arrdc3-null adipocytes responded to β-adrenergic receptor agonist with decreased Ucp1 levels. Additionally, canonical β-adrenergic receptor signaling was not different in Arrdc3-null adipocytes. These data reveal a role for Arrdc3 in the regulation of Ucp1 expression in adipocytes. However, this adipocyte effect is insufficient to generate the obesity-resistant phenotype of mice with ubiquitous deletion of Arrdc3, indicating a likely role for Arrdc3 in cells other than adipocytes.
Coherence-Weighted Synthetic Focusing Applied to Photoacoustic Imaging Using a High-Frequency Annular-Array Transducer (2015)

This paper presents an adaptive synthetic-focusing scheme that, when applied to photoacoustic (PA) data acquired using an annular array, improves focusing across a greater imaging depth and enhances spatial resolution. The imaging system was based on a 40-MHz, 5-element, annular-array transducer with a focal length of 12 mm and an 800-µm diameter hole through its central element to facilitate coaxial delivery of 532-nm laser. The transducer was raster-scanned to facilitate 3D acquisition of co-registered ultrasound and PA image data. Three synthetic-focusing schemes were compared for obtaining PA A-lines for each scan location: delay-and-sum (DAS), DAS weighted with a coherence factor (DAS + CF), and DAS weighted with a sign-coherence factor (DAS + SCF). Bench-top experiments that used an 80-µm hair were performed to assess the enhancement provided by the two coherence-based schemes. Both coherence-based schemes increased the signal-to-noise ratio by approximately 10 dB. When processed using the DAS-only scheme, the lateral dimension of the hair in a PA image with 20 dB dynamic range was between 300 µm and 1 mm for imaging depth ranging from 8 to 20 mm. In comparison, the DAS + CF scheme resulted in a lateral dimension of 200 to 450 µm over the same range. The DAS + SCF synthetic focusing further improved the smallest-resolvable dimension, which was between 150 and 400 µm over the same range of imaging depth. When used on PA data obtained from a 12-day-old mouse embryo, the DAS + SCF processing improved visualization of neurovasculature.
<title>Modulation transfer function measurement using spatial noise targets</title> (1995)

In this paper, we consider the measurement of modulation transfer function (MTF) by means of spatially random, noise-like targets. We begin our discussion with the concept of shift- invariance and the measurement of MTF in pixelated systems. We then proceed to the methods for generation of these noise targets, using both laser speckle and transparency-based techniques.
Targeting of an antioxidative conjugate - effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (2011)

Sebastiani, A. S.; Hermanns, M. I.; Muzykantov, V. R.; Shuvaev, V. V.; Wiewrodt, R.; Kirkpatrick, C. J. Author Information
Generalized crosstalk cancellation and equalization using multiple loudspeakers for 3D sound reproduction at the ears of multiple listeners (2008)

A classical crosstalk cancellation and equalization (CTCE) system uses two loudspeakers and assumes only one listener. In this paper, the idea is generalized to the design of using multiple loudspeakers for multiple listeners. We will show that if the number of loudspeakers is equal to the number of ears, only a least-squares (LS) solution can be obtained, while using more loudspeakers than ears we have more options: either an LS solution or an exact solution for perfect CTCE. Via simulations using real impulse responses measured in the varechoic chamber at Bell Labs, we learn that a CTCE system employing more loudspeakers will be more robust to errors in the estimated acoustic impulse responses.
Recurrent SRSF2 mutations in MDS affect both splicing and NMD (2020)

Oncogenic mutations in the RNA splicing factors SRSF2, SF3B1, and U2AF1 are the most frequent class of mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes and are also common in clonal hematopoiesis, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and a variety of solid tumors. They cause genome-wide splicing alterations that affect important regulators of hematopoiesis. Several mRNA isoforms promoted by the various splicing factor mutants comprise a premature termination codon (PTC) and are therefore potential targets of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). In light of the mechanistic relationship between splicing and NMD, we sought evidence for a specific role of mutant SRSF2 in NMD. We show that SRSF2 Pro95 hot spot mutations elicit enhanced mRNA decay, which is dependent on sequence-specific RNA binding and splicing. SRSF2 mutants enhance the deposition of exon junction complexes (EJCs) downstream from the PTC through RNA-mediated molecular interactions. This architecture then favors the association of key NMD factors to elicit mRNA decay. Gene-specific blocking of EJC deposition by antisense oligonucleotides circumvents aberrant NMD promoted by mutant SRSF2, restoring the expression of PTC-containing transcript. Our study uncovered critical effects of SRSF2 mutants in hematologic malignancies, reflecting the regulation at multiple levels of RNA metabolism, from splicing to decay.
Identification and expression analysis of leptin-regulated immediate early response and late target genes (2000)

Using PC12 cells as an in vitro model system, we have identified a series of transcripts induced through activation of the leptin receptor. On the basis of kinetic studies, two distinct gene sets could be discerned: signal transducer and activator of transciption-3 (STAT-3), suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3), MT-II (metallothionein-II), the serine/threonine kinase fibroblast-growth-factor-inducible kinase (Fnk) and modulator recognition factor (MRF-1), which are immediate early response genes, and pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP I), squalene epoxidase, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase and annexin VIII, which are late induced target genes. At late time points a strong co-stimulation with β-nerve growth factor or with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin was observed. To assess the validity of the PC12-cell model system, we examined the effect of leptin administration on the gene transcription of STAT-3, MT-II, Fnk and PAP I in vivo. Leptin treatment of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice increased the STAT-3, SOCS-3, MT-II and Fnk mRNA, and MT-I protein levels in liver, whereas, in jejunum, expression of PAP I mRNA was down-regulated. Furthermore, administration of leptin to starved wild-type mice enhanced the expression of MT-II and Fnk mRNA in liver, but decreased MT-II and PAP I mRNA expression in jejunum. These findings may help to explain the obese phenotype observed in some colonies of MT-I- and MT-II-null mice and/or the observation that leptin protects against tumour-necrosis-factor toxicity in vivo.
Investigation of Wideband Substrate-Integrated Vertically-Polarized Electric Dipole Antenna and Arrays for mm-Wave 5G Mobile Devices (2017)

In this work, a mm-Wave vertically-polarized electric dipole array solution for 5G wireless devices is presented. The dipole is fabricated using vias in a standard PCB process to fit at the phone or tablet edges featuring wideband operation with broad half-power beamwidth in the elevation plane (HPBWELEV), high gain and high front-to-back radiation ratio (F/B). For enhanced gain, parasitic-vias are added in front of the dipole as directors. To improve HPBW without sacrificing gain, the directors are implemented as V-shaped bisection parasitic-vias. A via-fence surrounds the dipole structure to suppress back radiation and enhance F/B. The dipole is connected to a parallel-strip line (PS) which is interfaced to the main SIW feed through a novel SIW-to-PS transition. Thorough investigation, optimization, and parametric study are provided for each design parameter of the proposed structure. A single dipole, 2 x 1, and 4 x 1 arrays were designed and fabricated showing close agreement between the simulated and measured results. The single-dipole operates over 7.23-GHz bandwidth with stable radiation performance. The 4x1 array achieves HPBW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ELEV</sub> of 133.1°, F/B of 36.6-dB, cross-polarization less than -39.6-dB and 12.61-dBi gain with 95.8% radiation efficiency. The low cost, compactness, and good performance of the proposed dipole make it a competing candidate for the future 5G mobile devices transceivers.
Structural characterization by mass spectrometry of native and recombinant human relaxin (1990)

Mass spectrometry has played a key role in characterizing the primary structure of native and recombinant relaxin, a peptide hormone that induces ripening of the cervix prior to childbirth. The peptide is composed of two chains, A and B, and is formed from a single-chain prohormone, as is insulin. Aside from conserved cysteines, though, it has little sequence homology with insulin. Due to the small amounts of native peptide initially available (less than 10 pmol), traditional techniques could not provide information on the blocked A-chain sequence, on the carboxyterminal sequences, nor on other possible post-translational modifications. Mass measurements by fast atom bombardment (FAB) were made on reduced human relaxin isolated from corpora lutea. The detection limit by FAB for reduced relaxin was 500 fmol. The B-chain was four amino acids shorter than expected from comparison of the previously known cDNA sequence with homologous rat and porcine sequences. The A-chain, as predicted, was 24 amino acids in length and had a pyroglutamic acid residue on the amino-terminus. The purified samples were homogeneous with no other post-translational modifications. The recombinant relaxin molecule was also extensively characterized by mass spectrometry. In addition to the intact molecule, all tryptic peptides were characterized by FAB. A capillary high-performance liquid chromatography continuous-flow FAB system, developed for high-sensitivity peptide mapping, aided in these analyses. Finally, the three disulfide bonds were shown by tandem mass spectrometry to match those of insulin.
Clinical Science (39) (2001)

How much work is required to puncture dura with Tuohy needles? (Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Jackson Memorial Medical Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL) BR J Anaesth 2000;85:238–241. This study was designed to evaluate whether bevel orientation or patient position alters the force necessary to produce dural puncture. A constant hydrostatic pressure was applied to the subdural surface, either high or low, simulating the sitting and lateral positions. A 17‐gauge Tuohy needle was advanced through the dura with the bevel oriented parallel or perpendicular to dural fibres. Travel distance and peak force at which dural penetration occurred was measured under both pressure conditions. The work required to produce dural penetration was calculated. Greater force and work were required to penetrate dura in the perpendicular orientation ( P &lt; 0.05), regardless of the subdural pressure exterted. Dural displacement was similar under both pressure conditions. Comment by Hemmo A. Bosscher, MD. Work is the product of displacement and force (the area under the curve). The same amount of work is required whether the dura is under pressure (sitting position) or not (lying down). This is surprising. Absolute force is, therefore, not the most important factor. Penetration of the dura probably depends more on local pressure, the area of contact between needle and dura, and the structure of the dura (eg, fiber direction). A sharp needle will obviously penetrate much easier than a blunt one. Considering the shape of a Tuohy needle you would expect that the area of contact not only depends on orientation of the needle, but also strongly on the angle at which the dura is approached. Since dural puncture with a Tuohy needle in a young person almost invariably results in a “spinal headache” most benefit will be obtained from reducing the change of dural puncture. This study supports the concept of putting the bevel of the needle perpendicular to the fiber direction to reduce this change.
Can the Acetabular Position be Derived from a Pelvic Frame of Reference? (2008)

Acetabular center positioning has an effect on hip function. However, reported clinical and plain radiographic methods are inaccurate and unreliable for ascertaining acetabular implant location. In an exploratory study we asked whether the normal acetabular position can be derived from simple radiographically measurable pelvic dimensions. We analyzed computed tomographic scans of 37 normal hips using a pelvic frame of reference centered on the ipsilateral anterior-superior iliac spine. We defined the x-, y-, and z-coordinates of the hip center (C(x),C(y),C(z)) as a percentage of the corresponding pelvic dimensions (D(x),D(y),D(z)). C(x)/D(x) averaged 9%, C(y)/D(y) 34%, and C(z)/D(z) 37%. These ratios had narrow distributions with small confidence intervals. Interobserver agreement tests showed a mean intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95. We observed gender differences in the ratios of as much as 4%, which correspond to differences of as much as 9 mm in the hip center position. The ratios provide a simple and reliable way of deriving the normal position of the hip center from the pelvic dimensions alone. This gives the surgeon a simple way of planning where the hip center should be and may be particularly helpful in revision hip arthroplasty or in cases involving extensive osteophytes, dysplasia, or protrusio.
Left ventricular torsion and strain patterns in heart failure with normal ejection fraction are similar to age-related changes (2009)

Ageing is associated with increased LV torsion secondary to reduced rotational deformation delay and increased peak basal rotation. LV torsion and strain patterns in patients with HfnEF are similar to age-related changes apart from circumferential strain, which is enhanced in patients with HfnEF.
Acquisition of handwriting in children with and without dysgraphia: A computational approach (2020)

Handwriting is a complex skill to acquire and it requires years of training to be mastered. Children presenting dysgraphia exhibit difficulties automatizing their handwriting. This can bring anxiety and can negatively impact education. 280 children were recruited in schools and specialized clinics to perform the Concise Evaluation Scale for Children's Handwriting (BHK) on digital tablets. Within this dataset, we identified children with dysgraphia. Twelve digital features describing handwriting through different aspects (static, kinematic, pressure and tilt) were extracted and used to create linear models to investigate handwriting acquisition throughout education. K-means clustering was performed to define a new classification of dysgraphia. Linear models show that three features only (two kinematic and one static) showed a significant association to predict change of handwriting quality in control children. Most kinematic and statics features interacted with age. Results suggest that children with dysgraphia do not simply differ from ones without dysgraphia by quantitative differences on the BHK scale but present a different development in terms of static, kinematic, pressure and tilt features. The K-means clustering yielded 3 clusters (Ci). Children in C1 presented mild dysgraphia usually not detected in schools whereas children in C2 and C3 exhibited severe dysgraphia. Notably, C2 contained individuals displaying abnormalities in term of kinematics and pressure whilst C3 regrouped children showing mainly tilt problems. The current results open new opportunities for automatic detection of children with dysgraphia in classroom. We also believe that the training of pressure and tilt may open new therapeutic opportunities through serious games.
ROI reconstruction for model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) via a coupled dictionary learning (2017)

Model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms have shown significant improvement in CT image quality by increasing resolution as well as reducing noise and artifacts. In diagnostic protocols, radiologists often need the high-resolution reconstruction of a limited region of interest (ROI). This ROI reconstruction is complicated for MBIR which should reconstruct an image in a full field of view (FOV) given full sinogram measurements. Multi-resolution approaches are widely used for this ROI reconstruction of MBIR, in which the image with a full FOV is reconstructed in a low-resolution and the forward projection of non-ROI is subtracted from the original sinogram measurements for high-resolution ROI reconstruction. However, a low-resolution reconstruction of a full FOV can be susceptible to streaking and blurring artifacts and these can be propagated into the following high-resolution ROI reconstruction. To tackle this challenge, we use a coupled dictionary representation model between low- and high-resolution training dataset for artifact removal and super resolution of a low-resolution full FOV reconstruction. Experimental results on phantom data show that the restored full FOV reconstruction via a coupled dictionary learning significantly improve the image quality of high-resolution ROI reconstruction for MBIR.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as Negative Electrodes for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors (2020)

Abstract New covalent organic frameworks (COFs), encompassing redox‐functionalized moieties and an aza‐fused π‐conjugated system, are designed, synthesized, and deployed as negative electrodes in asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC), for the first time. The Hex‐Aza‐COFs are synthesized based on the solvothermal condensation reaction of cyclohexanehexone and redox‐functionalized aromatic tetramines with benzoquinone (Hex‐Aza‐COF‐2) or phenazine (Hex‐Aza‐COF‐3). The redox‐functionalized Hex‐Aza‐COFs show a specific capacitance of 585 F g −1 for Hex‐Aza‐COF‐2 and 663 F g −1 for Hex‐Aza‐COF‐3 in a three‐electrode configuration. These values are the highest among reported COF materials and are comparable with state‐of‐the‐art pseudocapacitive electrodes. The Hex‐Aza‐COFs exhibit a wide voltage window (0 to −1.0 V), which allow the construction of a two‐electrode ASC device by combining them with RuO 2 . The complementary potential windows of Hex‐Aza‐COF‐3 and RuO 2 enable an asymmetric device with a high voltage window of 1.7 V. The RuO 2 //Hex‐Aza‐COF‐3 ASC device achieves an energy density value of 23.3 W h kg −1 at a power density of 661.2 W kg −1 . The newly developed negative COF materials open new prospects for the development of high‐performance ASCs.
[Therapeutic angiogenesis for diabetes mellitus related ischemic disease]. (2010)

The complications of diabetes mellitus have a significant impact on patient survival and quality of life with respect to ischemic disease. Therapeutic gene therapy was performed for peripheral artery disease (PAD) using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but VEGF gene therapy in phase III clinical trial for PAD did not succeed. Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is also a potent angiogenic growth factor in animal models of ischemia, their characteristics are not the same in clinical trials. In this background, we demonstrated that HGF, but not VEGF, attenuated angiotensin II-induced senescence of endothelial progenitor cells through a reduction of oxidative stress by inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate/Akt pathway. Therapeutic gene therapy still may improve patients with the complications of diabetes mellitus.
Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators With Hetero Acoustic Layer (HAL) Structure Using Lithium Tantalate and Quartz (2020)

This article reports a new concept of surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) resonator, which uses shear horizontal (SH) wave confined in a thin LiTaO<sub>3</sub> (LT) layer supported by a quartz (Qz) substrate. The LT layer is 35-50°YX LT, and the quartz substrate is 35-60°Y90°X Qz. A negative temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the SH SAW in the LT layer is compensated by the quartz substrate, which shows a wide range of positive TCF depending on the crystalline orientation. Excellent TCFs of 2 and -10 ppm/°C were measured for the series and parallel resonance frequencies, respectively. The strong confinement of the SH SAW in the LT layer results in the best level of resonance characteristics ever reported. The measured impedance ratio reached 84 dB. On the other hand, spurious waves other than the SH SAW are not confined in the LT layer due to the unique properties of quartz, which results in spurious-free characteristics throughout a wide frequency range.