gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole–Chalcone Conjugates: Microtubule‐Destabilizing Agents (2014)

A series of chalcone conjugates featuring the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549, HeLa, DU-145 and HT-29). These new hybrid molecules have shown promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.64 to 30.9 μM. Among them, (E)-3-(6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-5-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (11 x) showed potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.64 to 1.44 μM in all tested cell lines. To investigate the mechanism of action, the detailed biological aspects of this promising conjugate (11 x) were carried out on the A549 lung cancer cell line. The tubulin polymerization assay and immunofluoresence analysis results suggest that this conjugate effectively inhibits microtubule assembly in A549 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that this conjugate induces cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and leads to apoptotic cell death. This was further confirmed by Hoechst staining, activation of caspase-3, DNA fragmentation analysis, and Annexin V-FITC assay. Moreover, molecular docking studies indicated that this conjugate (11 x) interacts and binds efficiently with the tubulin protein.
A Synergistic Platform for Continuous Co-removal of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethene, and 1,4-Dioxane via Catalytic Dechlorination Followed by Biodegradation (2021)

Groundwater co-contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and trichloroethene (TCE) is among the most urgent environmental concerns of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and industries related to chlorinated solvents. Inspired by the pressing need to remove all three contaminants at many sites, we tested a synergistic platform: catalytic reduction of 1,1,1-TCA and TCE to ethane in a H<sub>2</sub>-based membrane palladium-film reactor (H<sub>2</sub>-MPfR), followed by aerobic biodegradation of ethane and 1,4-dioxane in an O<sub>2</sub>-based membrane biofilm reactor (O<sub>2</sub>-MBfR). During 130 days of continuous operation, 1,1,1-TCA and TCE were 95-98% reductively dechlorinated to ethane in the H<sub>2</sub>-MPfR, and ethane served as the endogenous primary electron donor for promoting 98.5% aerobic biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane in the O<sub>2</sub>-MBfR. In addition, the small concentrations of the chlorinated intermediate from the H<sub>2</sub>-MPfR, dichloroethane (DCA) and monochloroethane (MCA), were fully biodegraded through aerobic biodegradation in the O<sub>2</sub>-MBfR. The biofilms in the O<sub>2</sub>-MBfR were enriched in phylotypes closely related to the genera <i>Pseudonocardia</i> known to biodegrade 1,4-dioxane.
Expanding the phenotype of COPA syndrome: a kindred with typical and atypical features (2018)

Worsening severity with successive generations may be observed in Copa syndrome. Extrapulmonary cysts, malignancies, autoimmune neurological disorders and infections are clinical features that may be associated with Copa syndrome. Further studies are indicated to fully define the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder.
Development of laser-ion beam photodissociation methods. Progress report, December 1991--November 1994 (1994)

This project emphasizes the development of laser mass spectrometry methods for fundamental and applied studies of gas-phase processes. The current studies are focussed on the photochemistry and photophysics of peptides and other biological molecules. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is used to produce ions that are subsequently subjected to photoexcitation and dissociation. MALDI is still very much in the developmental stages, thus a significant portion of this research focusses on fundamental studies of the MALDI ion formation/energy transfer process. The authors view is that excited state H+-transfer reactions play an important role in MALDI, consequently a significant portion of their research activities are focussed on such studies. Fundamental studies of the role of the matrix in MALDI are an integral part of this project. A new MALDI experiment, MALDI of aerosol particles generated from solutions, has been demonstrated and new developmental research in this area is planned. The authors are also actively pursuing a research program on gas-phase H+-transfer processes that mimic the MALDI process. In addition, they are developing photodissociation experiments, based on tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometers, for structural characterization of complex organic molecules. The photodissociation studies use MALDI as the ionization method. These research areas involve the development of new instrumentation, new instrument methodologies, and data processing.
ChemInform Abstract: NORBORNYL‐(2)‐ANIONEN, SELEKTIVITAET BEIM EXO/ENDO‐PROTONEN‐ABFANG (1973)

Abstract Die Behandlung des Amins (I) mit Formaldehyd und KCN liefert das Nitril (II), dessen Hydrolyse und Nitrosierung zur Säure (III) und anschließende Dehydratisierung mit Trifluoracetanhydrid das Sydnon (IV) liefert.
Characterization of N-myc amplification units in human neuroblastoma cells. (1988)

A set of DNA clones comprising 48 independent HindIII fragments (215 kilobases of sequence) was derived from the N-myc amplification unit of the neuroblastoma cell line NGP. These clones were used to investigate N-myc amplification units in NGP cells and 12 primary neuroblastoma tumors. Three parameters were evaluated: (i) the number of rearrangements from germ line configuration that had occurred during the amplification process; (ii) the homogeneity of amplification units within individual tumors; and (iii) the conservation of amplified sequences among different tumors. The results indicated that remarkably few rearrangements had occurred during amplification, that the amplification units within any one tumor were quite homogeneous, and that although each tumor contained a unique pattern of amplified DNA fragments, there was considerable similarity between the amplification units of different tumors. In particular, the amplification units were strikingly similar over a contiguous domain of at least 140 kilobases surrounding the N-myc structural gene.
Analysis of the fluid weighted fair queueing system (2003)

We analyse in this paper the fluid weighted fair queueing system with two classes of customers, who arrive according to Poisson processes and require arbitrarily distributed service times. In a first step, we express the Laplace transform of the joint distribution of the workloads in the two virtual queues of the system by means of unknown Laplace transforms. Such an unknown Laplace transform is related to the distribution of the workload in one queue provided that the other queue is empty. We explicitly compute the unknown Laplace transforms by means of a Wiener—Hopf technique. The determination of the unknown Laplace transforms can be used to compute some performance measures characterizing the system (e.g. the mean waiting time for each class) which we compute in the exponential service case.
Detection of glycoproteins in polyacrylamide gels and on electroblots using Pro‐Q Emerald 488 dye, a fluorescent periodate Schiff‐base stain (2003)

Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoprotein stain reacts with periodic acid-oxidized carbohydrate groups, generating a bright green-fluorescent signal on glycoproteins. The stain permits detection of less than 5-18 ng of glycoprotein per band, depending upon the nature and the degree of protein glycosylation, making it roughly 8-16-fold more sensitive than the standard colorimetric periodic acid-Schiff base method using acidic fuchsin dye (pararosaniline). The green-fluorescent signal from Pro-Q Emerald 488 stain may optimally be visualized using charge-coupled device/xenon arc lamp-based imaging systems or 470-488 nm laser-based gel scanners. Though glycoprotein detection may be performed on transfer membranes, direct detection in gels avoids electroblotting and the specificity of staining is better in gels. After detecting glycoproteins with Pro-Q Emerald 488 dye, total protein profiles may subsequently be detected using SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain. Using computer-assisted registration techniques, images may then be merged to generate differential display maps.
Observation of the quantum Hall effect in δ-doped SrTiO3 (2016)

The quantum Hall effect is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon in a two-dimensional electron system. The two-dimensional electron system in SrTiO3 has sparked a great deal of interest, mainly because of the strong electron correlation effects expected from the 3d orbitals. Here we report the observation of the quantum Hall effect in a dilute La-doped SrTiO3-two-dimensional electron system, fabricated by metal organic molecular-beam epitaxy. The quantized Hall plateaus are found to be solely stemming from the low Landau levels with even integer-filling factors, ν=4 and 6 without any contribution from odd ν's. For ν=4, the corresponding plateau disappears on decreasing the carrier density. Such peculiar behaviours are proposed to be due to the crossing between the Landau levels originating from the two subbands composed of d orbitals with different effective masses. Our findings pave a way to explore unprecedented quantum phenomena in d-electron systems.
Well-Defined Lignin Model Films from Colloidal Lignin Particles (2020)

The transformation of a molecularly complex and irregularly shaped lignin into a nanoscale spherical architecture is anticipated to play a pivotal role in the promotion of lignin valorization. From the standpoint of using colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) as building blocks for a diverse range of applications, it has become essential to study their interactions with soluble compounds of varied origin. However, the lack of model films with well-defined surface properties similar to those of CLPs has hindered fundamental studies using surface-sensitive techniques. Here, we report well-defined and stable thin films prepared from CLPs and demonstrate their suitability for investigation of surface phenomena. Direct adsorption on substrates coated with a cationic anchoring polymer resulted in uniform distribution of CLPs as shown with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments revealed higher adsorbed mass of cationic lignin onto the CLP-coated substrate in comparison to the film prepared from dissolved lignin, suggesting preferential adsorption <i>via</i> the carboxylic acid enriched surfaces of CLPs. QCM-D further enabled detection of small changes such as particle swelling or partial dissolution not detectable <i>via</i> bulk methods such as light scattering. The CLP thin films remained stable until pH 8 and displayed only a low degree of swelling. Increasing the pH to 10 led to some instability, but their spherical geometry remained intact until complete dissolution was observed at pH 12. Particles prepared from aqueous acetone or aqueous tetrahydrofuran solution followed similar trends regarding adsorption, pH stability, and wetting, although the particle size affected the magnitude of adsorption. Overall, our results present a practical way to prepare well-defined CLP thin films that will be useful not only for fundamental studies but also as a platform for testing stability and interactions of lignin nanoparticles with materials of technical and biomedical relevance.
Layer-by-Layer Films Made from Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules on Silicone Substrates (2011)

The layer-by-layer (LbL) technique has been widely used to produce nanofilms for biomedical applications. Naturally occurring polymers such as ECM macromolecules are attractive candidates for LbL film preparation. In this study, we assessed the build-up of type I collagen (Col1)/chondroitin sulfate (CS) or Col1/Heparin (HN) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The build-up was assessed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Integrin-mediated cell adhesion was assessed by studying the cytoskeletal organization of mammalian primary cells (chondrocytes) seeded on different end layers and number of layers. Data generated from the QCM-D observations showed a consistent build-up of films with more adsorption in the case of Col1/HN. Col1/CS films were stable in media, whereas Col1/HN films were not. AFM analysis showed that the layers were fibrillar in structure for both systems and between 20 and 30 nm thick. The films promoted cell adhesion when compared with tissue culture plastic in serum-free media with cycloheximide. Crosslinking of the films resulted in constrained cell spreading and a ruffled morphology. Finally, beta1 integrin blocking antibodies prevented cell spreading, suggesting that cell adhesion and spreading were mediated mainly by interaction with the collagen fibrils. The ability to construct stable ECM-based films on PDMS has particular relevance in mechanobiology, microfluidics, and other biomedical applications.
Automatic electron hologram acquisition of catalyst nanoparticles using particle detection with image processing and machine learning (2022)

To enable better statistical analysis of catalyst nanoparticles by high-resolution electron holography, we improved the particle detection accuracy of our previously developed automated hologram acquisition system by using an image classifier trained with machine learning. The detection accuracy of 83% was achieved with the small training data of just 232 images showing nanoparticles by utilizing transfer learning based on VGG16 to train the image classifier. Although the construction of training data generally requires much effort, the time needed to select the training data candidates was significantly shortened by utilizing a pattern matching technique. Experimental results showed that the high-resolution hologram acquisition efficiency was improved by factors of about 100 and 6 compared to a scan method and a pattern-matching-only method, respectively.
Synthesis and Structure Evolution in Metal Carbazole Diphosphonates Followed by Electron Diffraction (2022)

To access porous metal phosphonates, a new V-shaped, rigid, and sterically demanding diphosphonic acid, namely 3,6-diphosphono-9H-carbazole (H4L), was designed and employed in a high-throughput investigation. Screening of different metal salts and subsequent optimization studies resulted in the isolation of two porous metal phosphonates [Cu2(H2O)2(L)]·2H2O (CAU-37) and [Zn6.75(H2O)1.5(HL)2.5(L)1.5]·8H2O (CAU-57). Structure determination was accomplished by electron diffraction and the dehydration behavior of CAU-37 was followed in situ. A rare case of intralayer water de-/adsorption in CAU-37 was found which leads to a cell volume change of 11.9%. Rod-shaped inorganic building units (IBUs) are connected to layers and structural flexibility is due to "accordion-like" structural changes within the layers. In contrast, in CAU-57 a layered IBU is found, which usually results in the formation of dense structures. Due to the shape and rigidity of the linker, the interconnection of the IBUs results in the formation of pores. Water sorption measurements in combination with powder X-ray diffraction data confirmed the reversibility under structural retention.
Stability and Thermal Decomposition of Quaternary and Protonated Imidazolium Nitrate and Picrate Salts (2004)

The stability, liquid ranges, and thermal decomposition of a series of quatemized and protonated imidazolium nitrate and picrate salts have been investigated. The quaternized, N,N'-dialkylated imidazolium salts are more stable than the protonated examples, and salts with picrate anions are surprisingly more stable than the corresponding nitrate salts and in each case, decompose exothermically yielding volatile decomposition products.
Simulations and field test results for potential applications of LV DC distribution network to reduce flicker effect (2010)

The growing diffusion of distributed energy sources is making higher and higher the attention for DC distribution networks, that present some advantages related to an easier integration of renewable energy sources, storage systems and electrical drives. The DC network has to be connected to the traditional AC network by means of a converter interface whose main scope is the regulation of the power fluxes exchanged between the two networks. In this paper it is shown how it is possible to reduce flicker phenomenon, appearing when a pulsing load is connected on the DC network, controlling the front-end converter and using a storage system connected to the DC line. Numerical simulation results have been carried out to prove this capability. Moreover some preliminary experimental tests, realized on a test facility under construction at ERSE, have been performed and results are reported.
Marrying WebRTC and DASH for interactive streaming (2022)

WebRTC is a set of W3C and IETF standards that allows the delivery of real-time content to users, with an end-to-end latency of under half a second. Support for WebRTC is built into all modern browsers across desktop and mobile devices, and it allows for streaming of video, audio and data. While the original focus of WebRTC has been on videoconferencing, it is increasingly being used today for real-time streaming of premium content because its ultra-low latency features enable several new user experiences, especially those that involve user interactivity, that are not easy to deliver or even possible with the traditional broadcast or streaming delivery protocols. Because of this increasing usage for premium content, the integration of WebRTC with the de facto adaptive streaming protocols such as MPEG's Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is essential. This paper gives information about the DASH Industry Forum's exploration activity on this very subject.
Scenario-based radiation therapy margins for patient setup, organ motion, and particle range uncertainty (2017)

This work extends and validates the scenario-based generalization of margins presented in Fredriksson and Bokrantz (2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 2067-82). Scenario-based margins are, in their original form, a method for robust planning under setup uncertainty where the sum of a plan evaluation criterion over a set of scenarios is optimized. The voxelwise penalties in the summands are weighted by a distribution of coefficients defined such that the method is mathematically equivalent to the use of conventional geometric margins if the scenario doses are calculated using the static dose cloud approximation. The purpose of this work is to extend scenario-based margins to general types of geometric uncertainty and to validate their use on clinical cases. Specifically, we outline how to incorporate density heterogeneity in the calculation of coefficients and demonstrate the extended method's ability to safeguard against setup errors, organ motion, and range shifts (and combinations thereof). For a water phantom with a high-density slab partly covering the target, the extended form of scenario-based margins method led to improved target coverage robustness compared to the original method. At most minor differences in robustness were, however, observed between the extended and original method for a prostate and two lung patients, all treated with intensity-modulated proton therapy, yielding evidence that the calculation of weighting coefficients is generally insensitive to tissue heterogeneities. The scenario-based margins were, furthermore, verified to provide a comparable level of robustness to expected value and worst case optimization while circumventing some known shortcomings of these methods.
Treatment of a murine B cell lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies and IL 2. (1987)

A transplantable murine B cell lymphoma was used to study combination therapy with anti-idiotype antibody and interleukin 2 (IL 2). Class-switched IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies were compared. A marked additive and sometimes synergistic effect was seen when IL 2 was combined with either IgG2a or IgG2b anti-idiotype antibodies. A synergistic effect was also seen when similar experiments were performed in nude mice. In vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays showed that IL 2 enhanced antibody-mediated lysis by peritoneal cells exposed to IL 2 in vitro in a dose-related manner. Peritoneal cells harvested from mice treated in vivo with IL 2 contained an increased number of T cells and asialo GM+ natural killer cells, and also mediated enhanced ADCC. Depletion of natural killer cells with anti-asialo GM and complement resulted in a marked decrease in the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by these peritoneal cells. The mechanism of synergy between monoclonal antibody and IL 2 may be due to the direct or indirect activation of natural killer cells mediating ADCC.
Investigation of a Monte Carlo simulation and an analytic-based approach for modeling the system response for clinical I-123 brain SPECT imaging (2019)

The use of accurate system response modeling has been proven to be an essential key of SPECT image reconstruction, with its usage leading to overall improvement of image quality. The aim of this work was to investigate the imaging performance using an XCAT brain perfusion phantom of two modeling strategies, one based on analytic techniques and the other one based on GATE Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, an efficient forced detection approach to improve the overall simulation efficiency was implemented and its performance was evaluated. We demonstrated that accurate modeling of the system matrix generated by Monte-Carlo simulation for iterative reconstruction leads to superior performance compared to analytic modeling in the case of clinical I-123 brain imaging. It was also shown that the use of the forced detection approach provided a quantitative and qualitative enhancement of the reconstruction.
Multicarrier Air to Ground MIMO Communication System Performance (2016)

The use of aeronautical vehicles and consequently their communication traffic are growing rapidly, and soon there will be demands for channels with larger bandwidths. The L-band digital aeronautical communication system (L-DACS1) was proposed by EUROCONTROL as an OFDM based multicarrier communication system candidate, with channels "inlayed" between distance measuring equipment (DME) channels. We previously proposed a similar communication system based on the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) technique, which has some significant advantages over L-DACS1. In this paper several diversity and multiple antenna techniques for L-DACS1 and FBMC AG communication systems are investigated. The correlation coefficient between realistic receiver aircraft antenna channels is computed, and using these realistic channels-based upon NASA channel measurements-link performance is simulated to generate BER results. Simulation results show the advantages of using multiple antennas at the receiver, and the antenna separations required (as a function of link distance) to attain nearly uncorrelated channels for two suburban areas. MIMO performance gains are quantified and show significant improvement over single-antenna systems, especially for higher order modulations.