gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of biofilm by wound blotting following sharp debridement of chronic pressure ulcers predicts wound healing: A preliminary study (2019)

For optimal wound bed preparation, wound debridement is essential to eliminate bacterial biofilms. However, it is challenging for clinicians to determine whether the biofilm is completely removed. A newly developed biofilm detection method based on wound blotting technology may be useful. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of biofilm elimination on wound area decrease in pressure ulcers, as confirmed using the wound blotting method. In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled patients with pressure ulcers who underwent sharp debridement with pre- and post-debridement wound blotting. Biofilm was detected on the nitrocellulose membrane using ruthenium red or alcian blue staining. Patients were included if the test was positive for biofilm before wound debridement. Percent decrease in wound area after 1 week was calculated as an outcome measure. We classified the wounds into a biofilm-eliminated group and a biofilm-remaining group based on the post-debridement wound blotting result. Sixteen wound blotting samples from nine pressure ulcers were collected. The percent decrease in wound area was significantly higher in the biofilm-eliminated group (median: 14.4%, interquartile range: 4.6%-20.1%) than in the biofilm-remaining group (median: -14.5%, interquartile range: -25.3%-9.6%; P = .040). The presence of remaining biofilms was an independent predictor for reduced percent decrease in wound area (coefficient = -22.84, P = .040). Biofilm-based wound care guided by wound blotting is a promising measure to help clinicians eliminate bacterial bioburden more effectively for wound area reduction.
Simulation of transcranial magnetic stimulation in head model with morphologically-realistic cortical neurons (2018)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables non-invasive modulation of brain activity with both clinical and research applications, but fundamental questions remain about the neural types and elements it activates and how stimulation parameters affect the neural response. We integrated detailed neuronal models with TMS-induced electric fields in the human head to quantify the effects of TMS on cortical neurons. TMS activated with lowest intensity layer 5 pyramidal cells at their intracortical axonal terminations in the superficial gyral crown and lip regions. Layer 2/3 pyramidal cells and inhibitory basket cells may be activated too, whereas direct activation of layers 1 and 6 was unlikely. Neural activation was largely driven by the field magnitude, contrary to theories implicating the field component normal to the cortical surface. Varying the induced current's direction caused a waveform-dependent shift in the activation site and provided a mechanistic explanation for experimentally observed differences in thresholds and latencies of muscle responses. This biophysically-based simulation provides a novel method to elucidate mechanisms and inform parameter selection of TMS and other forms of cortical stimulation.
Mesoporous titanium dioxide coating for metallic implants (2011)

A bioactive mesoporous titanium dioxide (MT) coating for surface drug delivery has been investigated to develop a multifunctional implant coating, offering quick bone bonding and biological stability. An evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method was used to prepare a mesoporous titanium dioxide coating of the anatase phase with BET surface area of 172 m(2)/g and average pore diameter of 4.3 nm. Adhesion tests using the scratch method and an in situ screw-in/screw-out technique confirm that the MT coating bonds tightly with the metallic substrate, even after removal from bone. Because of its high surface area, the bioactivity of the MT coating is much better than that of a dense TiO(2) coating of the same composition. Quick formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) in vitro can be related to enhance bonding with bone. The uptake of antibiotics by the MT coating reached 13.4 mg/cm(3) within a 24 h loading process. A sustained release behavior has been obtained with a weak initial burst. By using Cephalothin as a model drug, drug loaded MT coating exhibits a sufficient antibacterial effect on the material surface, and within millimeters from material surface, against E.coli. Additionally, the coated and drug loaded surfaces showed no cytotoxic effect on cell cultures of the osteoblastic cell line MG-63. In conclusion, this study describes a novel, biocompatiblemesoporous implant coating, which has the ability to induce HA formation and could be used as a surface drug-delivery system.
The effect of configuration of gas phase protonated ethenedicarboxylates on their low energy collision induced dissociation behaviour (1984)

Abstract Low energy collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra were measured by a triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer for the [MH] + ions of diethyl and dimethyl esters of maleic, fumaric, citraconic and mesaconic acids. A very high degree of stereospecificity was observed for the geometrically isomeric diethyl esters. The cis esters give rise to very abundant [MHEtOH] + and [MHEtOHC 2 H 4 ] + ions, while the trans isomers exhibit very abundant [MHC 2 H 4 ] + and [MH2 C 2 H 4 ] + ions. The highly stereospecific processes indicate that the double bond configuration is retained in the protonated species under the conditions of the experiment.
The effect of thermal aging on the electrical breakdown strength of crosslinked polyethylene (2014)

Over the last several decades, lifetime models for crosslinked polyethylene based insulations have been developed based on the combined effects of aging under thermal and electrical stresses. Several of these models include a threshold electrical stress below which no aging occurs, though other modes of aging such as thermo-oxidative aging are still present. The thermo-oxidative aging of crosslinked polyethylene that affects the mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation at different temperatures can be modeled using the Arrhenius equation. This oxidative model can be used to predict the thermo-oxidative “lifetime” under service conditions at which time the material's mechanical properties are severely degraded. Some researchers have drawn `apparent' correlations between decrease in mechanical strength and decrease in electrical strength after thermal aging as a means to construct a thermal endurance curve. However, a generalization of such an approach is questioned relative to lifetime predictions for failure mechanisms involving electrical breakdown. This study assesses the impact of degree of oxidative degradation on the AC dielectric strength of crosslinked polyethylene. The results clarify the utility of thermal oxidative aging with respect to combined aging models for prediction of the electrical “lifetime” of crosslinked polyethylene.
Quasi-Static Self-Quenching of Trp-X and X-Trp Dipeptides in Water: Ultrafast Fluorescence Decay (2009)

Time-resolved fluorescence decay profiles of N-acetyl-l-tryptophanamide (NATA) and tryptophan (Trp) dipeptides of the form Trp-X and X-Trp, where X is another aminoacyl residue, have been investigated using an ultraviolet upconversion spectrophoto fluorometer with time resolution better than 350 fs, together with a time-correlated single photon counting apparatus on the 100 ps to 20 ns time scale. We analyzed the set of fluorescence decay profiles at multiple wavelengths using the global analysis technique. Nanosecond fluorescence transients for Trp dipeptides all show multiexponential decay, while NATA exhibits a monoexponential decay near 3 ns independent of pH. In the first 100 ps, a time constant for the water "bulk relaxation" around Trp, NATA and Trp dipeptides are seen near 1-2 ps, with an associated preexponential amplitude that is positive or negative, depending on emission wavelength, as expected for a population conserving spectral shift. The initial brightness (sub-picosecond) we measure for all these dipeptides is less than that of NATA, implying even faster (<200 fs) intramolecular (quasi-) static quenching occurs within them. A new, third, ultrafast decay, bearing an exponential time constant of 20-30 ps with positive amplitude, has been found in many of these dipeptides. We believe it verifies our previous predictions of dipeptide QSSQ ("quasi-static self-quenching")-the loss of quantum yield to sub-100-ps decay process (Chen, R. F.; et al. Biochemistry 1991, 30, 5184). Most important, this term is found in proteins as well (Xu, J.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 1214; Biophys. J. 2008, 94, 546; 2009, 96, 46a), suggesting an ultrafast quenching mechanism must be common to both.
Patterns of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brains of parent ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) given tactile and nontactile exposure to their young. (2006)

Neuronal activation was examined by fos immunohistochemistry in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) reunited with their young after overnight separation. In an initial study, squab-exposed parents showed more fos immunoreactivity (ir) in the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) than squab-deprived parents. In a 2nd study, parents allowed free access to young and those separated from young by a wire mesh partition showed more fos-ir in the POA, LH, and lateral septum than box-exposed controls. Contact with young also increased fos-ir in the medial preoptic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but noncontact exposure did not. Conversely, nontactile squab exposure stimulated more fos-ir in the POA than did free access to young, which suggests POA involvement in appetitive aspects of parenting.
Reciprocal carrier collection in organic photovoltaics (2011)

Buffer layers between the acceptor and cathode can perform several functions in organic photovoltaic devices, such as providing exciton blocking, protection of active layers against damage from cathode deposition, and optical spacing to maximize the electric field in the active device region. Here, we study electron collection by replacing the common buffer layer, bathocuproine, with a series of six, substituted tris(\ensuremath{\beta}-diketonato)Ru(III) analogues in the structure: indium-tin-oxide/copper phthalocyanine/C${}_{60}$/buffer/Ag. These buffer layers enable collection of photogenerated electrons by transporting holes from the cathode to the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$/buffer interface, followed by recombination with photogenerated electrons in the acceptor. We use a model for free-polaron and polaron-pair dynamics to describe device operation and the observed inflection in the current-voltage characteristics. The device characteristics are understood in terms of hole transfer from the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of several Ru-complexes to the acceptor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Adenosine Cyclic 3′,5′‐Phosphorofluoridate (cAMP‐F). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frame-rate displacement measurement system utilizing an ultra-high-speed shutter camera and an optical correlator (1995)

A particle image velocimetry (PIV) system has been proposed for real-time (frame-rate) measurement and is composed of an ultra-high-speed shutter camera and an optical correlator. The ultra-high-speed shutter camera employed in this system has several functions such as optical amplification, high-speed shuttering and multishuttering for forming a double-exposure pattern of a moving object, in order to observe dimmer and high-speed phenomena. The optical correlator used in this system is a joint transform correlator (JTC) using two PAL-SLM's, which are optically addressed spatial light modulators with phase-only modulating function. By utilizing the optical correlator, a real-time fringe analysis of the double-exposure pattern was achieved. It is demonstrated that the system can measure velocity of random-dot patterns on a side of rotating disk with frame-rate response and good linearity at the rate of 10 m/s. We have studied an imaging condition such as ratio between exposure time and repetition time of double-exposure for suitable measurement. Also evaluated is effect of ion-feedback noise caused by an image intensifier in the ultra-high-speed shutter camera. The performance of the system is shown and discussed from a viewpoint of practical measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reliable Assessment of Laparoscopic Performance in the Operating Room Using Videotape Analysis (2007)

The Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) is a valid assessment tool for objectively evaluating the technical performance of laparoscopic skills in surgery residents. We hypothesized that GOALS would reliably differentiate between an experienced (expert) and an inexperienced (novice) laparoscopic surgeon (construct validity) based on a blinded videotape review of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure. Ten board-certified surgeons actively engaged in the practice and teaching of laparoscopy reviewed and evaluated the videotaped operative performance of one novice and one expert laparoscopic surgeon using GOALS. Each reviewer recorded a score for both the expert and the novice videotape reviews in each of the 5 domains in GOALS (depth perception, bimanual dexterity, efficiency, tissue handling, and overall competence). The scores for the expert and the novice were compared and statistically analyzed using single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). The expert scored significantly higher than the novice did in the domains of depth perception (p = .005), bimanual dexterity (p = .001), efficiency (p = .001), and overall competence ( p = .001). Interrater reliability for the reviewers of the novice tape was Cronbach alpha = .93 and the expert tape was Cronbach alpha = .87. There was no difference between the two for tissue handling. The Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills is a valid, objective assessment tool for evaluating technical surgical performance when used to blindly evaluate an intraoperative videotape recording of a laparoscopic procedure.
Variation in the Viroid-like RNA Associated with Cadang-Cadang Disease: Evidence for an Increase in Molecular Weight with Disease Progress (1981)

SUMMARY The two cadang-cadang-associated RNAs (ccRNA-1 and ccRNA-2) occur as fast (f) and slow (s) electrophoretic variants. The detection of these variants is not affected by leaf storage or the nucleic acid extraction method. A systematic investigation has shown that their occurrence is related to the stage of disease development in coconut palms. Fast forms of both ccRNA-1 and ccRNA-2 predominated at the early stage of the disease, while only the (s) form was found at late stages. In some palms at the early stage a transition from the (f) to the (s) form was observed in progressively more recently developing infected fronds. ccRNA-1 (f) and cc-RNA-1 (s) are both circular, they differ in mol. wt., and they have nucleotide sequences in common. Preliminary evidence is presented that inoculum containing the (f) variant is more infectious than that containing the (s) variant.
Network codes with deadlines (2008)

We investigate the effect of decoding deadlines on network coding capacity, specifically, the capacity curve of a network as a function of the allowed delay from the time a set of bits is transmitted by the source to the time it is fully decoded by the sinks. We show that scalar linear codes are not optimal even for multicast when the data has deadlines. In fact, infinite blocklength is required in general in order to achieve the optimal performance of linear block codes in these scenarios. We study the case of two types of data, where the first type has a tighter deadline than the other. We find for an interesting family of networks the optimal linear convolutional codes. We formulate a code design criterion for general networks with two data types. Finally, as an alternative approach, we show that the problem of multicast with deadlines can be transformed into a non-multicast problem without deadlines in an extended network. Using that approach, we find an upper bound on the complexity of checking the feasibility of the problem.
The oxidation of tungsten carbonyl in carbon tetrachloride (1968)

R. B. Silverman and R. A. Olofson, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1313 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001313
Autoclaving of Porous Silicon within a Hospital Environment: Potential Benefits and Problems (2000)

The microstructure and chemical composition of silicon surfaces subjected to standard sterilization protocols in hospital autoclaves has been examined. Both metallic contamination and structural changes can accompany porous Si hydrolysis. The in-vitro incubation of bulk and porous Si discs with human lymphocytes reveals potential sources of cytoxicity such as silane emission, and the supersaturation of media with eluted Si.
Reduction of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated or Cultured under Feeder- and Serum-Free Defined Conditions (2010)

This study suggested that generation or adaption culturing under defined culture conditions can eliminate the risk posed by undefined pathogens. This success in generating hiPSCs using adult fibroblast would be beneficial for clinical application.
The synthesis of several imidazo[4,5‐d]isothiazoles. Derivatives of a new ring system (1993)

Abstract Several derivatives of the new imidazo[4,5‐ d ]isothiazole ring system have been synthesized from the appropriately substituted isothiazolediamines. The reaction of 3‐methyl‐4,5‐diaminoisothiazole ( 4a ) with diethoxy‐methyl acetate gave a low yield of 3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐ d ]isothiazole ( 5a ). However, the analogous reaction of 4,5‐diaminoisothiazole ( 4b ) with diethoxymethyl acetate failed to yield the parent imidazo[4,5‐ d ]isothiazole ring system. The diamines 4a and 4b were readily cyclized with thiocarbonyldiimidazole to give the unstable thiones 6a and 6b , which were alkylated in situ to afford good yields of the corresponding 5‐methylthioimidazo[4,5‐ d ]isothiazoles 7a and 7b , respectively. Neither of these compounds could be reduced to the corresponding 5‐unsubstituted derivatives via treatment with Raney nickel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the imidazo[4,5‐ d ]isothiazole ring system.
Study of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for HVM of memory devices (2017)

A low cost alternative lithographic technology is desired to meet the decreasing feature size of semiconductor devices. Nano-imprint lithography (NIL) is one of the candidates for alternative lithographic technologies.<sup>[1][2][3]</sup> NIL has such advantages as good resolution, critical dimension (CD) uniformity and low line edge roughness (LER). On the other hand, the critical issues of NIL are defectivity, overlay, and throughput. In order to introduce NIL into the HVM, it is necessary to overcome these three challenges simultaneously.<sup>[4]-[12]</sup> In our previous study, we have reported a dramatic improvement in NIL process defectivity on a pilot line tool, FPA-1100 NZ2. We have described that the NIL process for 2x nm half pitch is getting closer to the target of HVM.<sup>[12]</sup> In this study, we report the recent evaluation of the NIL process performance to judge the applicability of NIL to memory device fabrications. In detail, the CD uniformity and LER are found to be less than 2nm. The overlay accuracy of the test device is less than 7nm. A defectivity level of below 1pcs./cm<sup>2</sup> has been achieved at a throughput of 15 wafers per hour.
Imaging of Plasmodium Liver Stages to Drive Next-Generation Antimalarial Drug Discovery (2011)

Most malaria drug development focuses on parasite stages detected in red blood cells, even though, to achieve eradication, next-generation drugs active against both erythrocytic and exo-erythrocytic forms would be preferable. We applied a multifactorial approach to a set of >4000 commercially available compounds with previously demonstrated blood-stage activity (median inhibitory concentration < 1 micromolar) and identified chemical scaffolds with potent activity against both forms. From this screen, we identified an imidazolopiperazine scaffold series that was highly enriched among compounds active against Plasmodium liver stages. The orally bioavailable lead imidazolopiperazine confers complete causal prophylactic protection (15 milligrams/kilogram) in rodent models of malaria and shows potent in vivo blood-stage therapeutic activity. The open-source chemical tools resulting from our effort provide starting points for future drug discovery programs, as well as opportunities for researchers to investigate the biology of exo-erythrocytic forms.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Contemporary Treatment in Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: Updated Analyses of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD7, HD8, HD10, and HD11 Trials (2017)

Purpose Combined-modality treatment is widely considered the standard of care in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and treatment intensity has been reduced over the last years. Long-term follow-up is important to judge both efficacy and safety of the different therapies used. Patients and Methods We analyzed updated follow-up data on 4,276 patients treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group trials HD7 and HD10 for early-stage favorable HL and HD8 and HD11 for early-stage unfavorable HL between 1993 and 2003. Results In HD7 (N = 627; median follow-up, 120 months), combined-modality treatment was superior to extended-field radiotherapy (RT), with 15-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 73% versus 52% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.6; P < .001), without differences in overall survival (OS). In HD10 (N = 1,190; median follow-up, 98 months), noninferiority of two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) plus 20 Gy involved-field (IF)-RT to more intensive four cycles of ABVD plus 30 Gy IF-RT was confirmed with 10-year PFS of 87% each (HR, 1.0; 95%, 0.6 to 1.5) and OS of 94% each (HR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.6), respectively. In both trials, no differences in second neoplasias were observed. In HD8 (N = 1,064; median follow-up, 153 months), noninferiority of involved-field RT to extended-field RT regarding PFS was confirmed (HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.2). In HD11 (N = 1,395; median follow-up, 106 months), superiority of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone at baseline over ABVD was not observed. After BEACOPP<sub>baseline</sub>, 20 Gy IF-RT was noninferior to 30 Gy (10-year PFS, 84% v 84%; HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.5). In contrast, PFS was inferior in ABVD-treated patients receiving 20 Gy instead of 30 Gy IF-RT (10-year PFS, 76% v 84%; HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1). No differences in OS or second neoplasias were observed in in both trials. Conclusion Long-term follow-up data of the four randomized trials largely support the current risk-adapted therapeutic strategies in early-stage HL. Nevertheless, continued follow-up is necessary to assess the long-term safety of currently applied therapeutic strategies.