gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Temporal Dynamics of Information in Visually Guided Predictive Control Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

Theories for visually guided action account for online control in the presence of reliable sources of visual information, and predictive control to compensate for visuomotor delay and temporary occlusion. In this study, we characterize the temporal relationship between information integration window and prediction distance using computational models. Subjects were immersed in a simulated environment and attempted to catch virtual balls that were transiently "blanked" during flight. Recurrent neural networks were trained to reproduce subject's gaze and hand movements during blank. The models successfully predict gaze behavior within 3 degrees, and hand movements within 8.5 cm as far as 500 ms in time, with integration window as short as 27 ms. Furthermore, we quantified the contribution of each input source of information to motor output through an ablation study. The model is a proof of concept for prediction as a discrete mapping between information integrated over time and a temporally distant motor output.
Kinetics analysis and automated online screening of aminocarbonylation of aryl halides in flow (2016)

The Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aromatic bromides was investigated in both a silicon microreactor and a packed-bed tubular reactor. An automated transient temperature ramp method with in-line IR analysis led to significantly more rapid determination of reaction kinetics than traditional steady-state screening for offline GC analysis.
Cdc7 kinase inhibitors: 7-Substituted pyrrolopyridinones as potent and orally active antitumor agents (2007)

A224 The Cell Division Cycle 7 (Cdc7) kinase plays a pivotal role in regulating DNA replication in eukaryotic organisms. Inhibition of Cdc7 kinase by both siRNAs and small molecule inhibitors (Montagnoli et al.,2007 AACR Annual Meeting, April 14-18 2007, Los Angeles, CA) causes p53 independent tumor cell death, while it only causes reversible cell cycle arrest in primary fibroblasts supporting the rationale for the development of Cdc7 kinase inhibitors as antitumor agents.  Starting from 2-pyridin-4-yl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one 1a (IC50 = 10 nM in a Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase assay and greater than 20-fold selectivity vs a panel of other kinases), a strictly related analog 1b was obtained and also proved to be a promising scaffold for Cdc7 inhibition (IC50 = 7 nM in a Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase assay and greater than 40-fold selectivity vs a panel of other kinases).  In this poster we present the synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SAR) investigation, and biological data of analogues derived from the two compounds 1a and 1b. In particular the SAR studies revealed that position 7 of both compounds could be profitably substituted to yield potent Cdc7 inhibitors. Among those compounds, derivative 8b (S) inhibited Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase with IC50 = 2 nM with greater than 60-fold selectivity vs a panel of kinases, and hampered tumor cell proliferation of different cell lines with an IC50 in the submicromolar range. 24h treatment of A2780 ovary carcinoma cells with cpd 8b (S) induced inhibition of Ser40-Mcm2 phosphorylation and apoptosis. Due to its favourable PK profile, the antitumor activity of this compound was evaluated in a A2780 xenograft model by oral administration (60mg/Kg bid, 10d) yielding a TGI = 68% with evidences of target inhibition in tumors. Finally in DMBA induced mammary carcinoma in rats, compound 8b (S) orally administered (20mg/kg bid, 10d) displayed durable tumor stabilisation.
40-Gb/s PAM-4 Transmission Over a 40 km Amplifier-Less Link Using a Sub-5V Ge APD (2017)

Avalanche photodetectors (APDs) integrated in a silicon platform have the potential to significantly improve the link budget of optical links compared with conventional p-i-n photodetectors, while only requiring CMOS-friendly biasing voltages. We demonstrate an optical receiver based on a 1310 nm <;5 V Germanium APD and a low-power transimpedance amplifier that offers a 5 to 6 dB sensitivity improvement compared with operation in PIN-mode. Sub-FEC transmission using PAM-4 in an amplifier-less link over more than 42 km at 40 Gb/s and over 10 km at 50 Gb/s is shown with a commercial directly modulated laser as transmitter.
Fragment-Based Discovery of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (2015)

The discovery and optimization of a series of 4-aminocinnoline-3-carboxamide inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase are reported. A fragment-based screening approach incorporating X-ray co-crystallography was used to identify a cinnoline fragment and characterize its binding mode in the ATP binding site of Btk. Optimization of the fragment hit resulted in the identification of a lead compound which reduced paw swelling in a dose- and exposure-dependent fashion in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis.
Growth and characterization of SiGe layers on Ge-lattice-matched substrates by MBE for long wavelength optical devices (2005)

Fully-strained and high-quality Ge-rich SiGe films are grown on Ge-lattice-matched substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Ge/SiGe quantum well structures are characterized by low-temperature photoluminescence and exhibit efficient quantum confinement and band edge emission.
Oral Treatment with d-RD2RD2 Impedes Early Disease Mechanisms in SOD1*G93A Transgenic Mice but Does Not Prolong Survival (2023)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, thus, progressing to complete muscle loss until the patient dies from respiratory arrest. The disease is not curable, and patients die approximately 2-5 years after diagnosis. Studying the underlying disease mechanisms to get access to new treatment options is, therefore, essential for patients' benefit. However, so far, only three drugs that alleviate the symptoms have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A new drug candidate for the treatment of ALS is the all-d-enantiomeric peptide RD2RD2. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of RD2RD2 in two setups. First, we analyzed disease progression and survival in 7 week-old B6.Cg-Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur/J mice. Second, we confirmed the result of the survival analysis in the B6SJL-Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur/J mouse line. Shortly before disease onset, the mice were treated daily with an oral dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Treatment with RD2RD2 led to a delayed disease onset and reduced motor phenotype as shown using the SHIRPA test, the splay reflex test, and the pole test, but did not affect survival. In conclusion, RD2RD2 has the ability to delay the onset of symptoms.
Lossless Source Coding in the Point-to-Point, Multiple Access, and Random Access Scenarios (2020)

This work studies point-to-point, multiple access, and random access lossless source coding in the finite-blocklength regime. In each scenario, a random coding technique is developed and used to analyze third-order coding performance. Asymptotic results include a third-order characterization of the Slepian-Wolf rate region with an improved converse that relies on a connection to composite hypothesis testing. For dependent sources, the result implies that the independent encoders used by Slepian-Wolf codes can achieve the same third-order-optimal performance as a single joint encoder. The concept of random access source coding is introduced to generalize multiple access (Slepian-Wolf) source coding to the case where encoders decide independently whether or not to participate and the set of participating encoders is unknown a priori to both the encoders and the decoder. The proposed random access source coding strategy employs rateless coding with scheduled feedback. A random coding argument proves the existence of a single deterministic code of this structure that simultaneously achieves the third-order-optimal Slepian-Wolf performance for each possible active encoder set.
Prospects for the Genetic Analysis of Schizophrenia (1989)

This issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin provides a forum for the presentation of early results and speculative hypotheses based on the application of molecular genetic methods for linkage studies in schizophrenia. Contributors were given the freedom to explore the historical and theoretical perspectives on the genetics of schizophrenia. They were also asked to balance their enthusiasm and cautious skepticism at the new suggestions of linkage involving chromosome 5 (Sherrington et al. 1988). In this overview, the epidemiologic evidence for a genetic factor in schizophrenia and recent linkage studies are briefly discussed. In addition, the potential and limitations of different linkage strategies in schizophrenia are examined.
Orthogonal Covalent Entrapment of Cargo into Biodegradable Polymeric Micelles via Native Chemical Ligation (2022)

Polymeric micelles (PMs) are promising platforms for enhanced tissue targeting of entrapped therapeutic agents. Strategies to circumvent premature release of entrapped drugs include cross-linking of the micellar core as well as covalent attachment of the drug cargo. The chemistry employed to obtain cross-linked micelles needs to be mild to also allow entrapment of fragile molecules, such as certain peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, and fluorescent dyes. Native chemical ligation (NCL) is a mild bio-orthogonal reaction between a <i>N-</i>terminal cysteine residue and a thioester that proceeds under physiological conditions. Here, we designed a trifunctional cross-linker containing two cysteine residues for the micelle core-cross-linking reaction and an azide residue for ring-strained alkyne conjugation of fluorescent dyes. We applied this approach to thermosensitive methoxypolyethylene glycol-<i>b</i>-<i>N</i>-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-lactate (mPEG-<i>b</i>-HPMAmLac<i><sub>n</sub></i>) based block copolymers of a core-cross-linked polymeric micelle (CCPM) system by attaching thioester residues (using ethyl thioglycolate-succinic anhydride, ETSA) for NCL cross-linking with the trifunctional cross-linker under physiological conditions. By use of mild copper-free click chemistry, we coupled fluorescent dyes, Sulfo.Cy5 and BODIPY, to the core via the azide residue present on the cross-linker by triazole ring formation. In addition, we employed a recently developed cycloheptyne strain promoted click reagent (TMTHSI, CliCr) in comparison to the frequently employed cyclooctyne derivative (DBCO), both achieving successful dye entrapment. The size of the resulting CCPMs could be tuned between 50 and 100 nm by varying the molecular weight of the thermosensitive block and ETSA content. <i>In vitro</i> cell experiments showed successful internalization of the dye entrapped CCPMs, which did not affect cell viability up to a polymer concentration of 2 mg/mL in PC3 cells. These fluorescent dye entrapped CCPMs can be applied in diagnostic imaging and the chemistry developed in this study serves as a steppingstone toward covalently entrapped fragile drug compounds with tunable release in CCPMs.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis on Margarita Island (Nueva Esparta, Venezuela) (2000)

The frequency of American visceral leishmaniasis affecting humans on Margarita Island, Venezuela, has increased in recent years, and infected dogs appear to constitute the principal source of infection. ELISA tests with Leishmania donovani promastigotes and rK39 antigen from L. chagasi in serum from 541 dogs were positive in 33.1% and 21.6% of the samples, respectively. A second blood sample taken from 50 animals after 8-10 months revealed an increase from 24% to 40% of ELISA positivity to both antigens, suggesting high susceptibility and transmission in the canine population. Among 42 serologically positive dogs, 33% of which showed clinical signs of disease, 79% were positive in polymerase chain reactions using primers specific for the L. donovani complex. Control measures including epidemiological hypersurveillance, the humane sacrifice of infected dogs, and rapid diagnosis and treatment of human cases have been initiated.
Induction of calcium flux and enhancement of cytolytic activity in natural killer cells by cross-linking of the sheep erythrocyte binding protein (CD2) and the Fc-receptor (CD16). (1987)

Binding of the anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 2 monoclonal antibody 9-1 causes an increase in the concentration of cytoplasmic-free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cultured CD3-/CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells. This response did not occur in cultured CD3+/CD16- cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Anti-CD16 antibodies could partially block the calcium response when NK cells were stimulated with intact antibody 9-1, and antigen-binding fragment F(ab')2 of antibody 9-1 did not produce a calcium response. Thus an interaction of the 9-1 antibody with CD16 Fc receptors was required for the functional effect. The dual interaction of antibody 9-1 with both CD2 and CD16 was demonstrated by comodulation experiments. The cytolytic activity of cultured NK cells was increased by antibody 9-1 but not by F(ab')2 fragments of antibody 9-1. The enhanced lytic activity was blocked by anti-CD16 antibody, anti-CD18 antibody, and anti-CD2 antibodies that do not block the binding of antibody 9-1. This pattern was distinct from antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity which was blocked only by the anti-CD16 antibody. Thus antibody 9-1 enhanced cytotoxicity by activating effector cells. There was no enhancement of lytic activity when F(ab')2 of antibody 9-1 were cross-linked with a polyclonal antiglobulin, even though [Ca2+]i was increased. These results show that induction of a [Ca2+]i response is not sufficient to enhance lytic activity in NK cells, and suggest that signals delivered through CD16 are necessary.
Sensing local inhomogeneity in electrical steels by the drag force method (2008)

Variations in the longitudinal drag force on a magnet close to a slowly moving strip sample of electrical steel are shown to provide sensitive, nondestructive indications of local inhomogeneity in the permeability, dimensions, and hysteresis loss of the sample. Measurements of both grain-oriented and nonoriented electrical steels showed drag force variations of unexpectedly large amplitude for movements of just a few millimeters, often with quasiperiodic features. Hysteresis variations were smaller and less drastic.
Near infrared spectroscopy (2008)

Soller, Babs R. PhD; Yang, Ye PhD; Soyemi, Olusola O. PhD; Heard, Stephen O. MD; Ryan, Kathy L. PhD; Rickards, Caroline A. PhD; Convertino, Victor A. PhD; Cooke, William H. PhD; Crookes, Bruce A. MD Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: Surface‐Mediated Reactions. Part 3. Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
86.35 On the inverse of the Hilbert matrix (2002)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Simplified Mechanisms With Applications To Sponsored Search and Package Auctions (2007)

A simplified mechanism is a direct mechanism modified by restricting the set of reports or bids. An example is the auction used to place ads on Internet search pages, in which each advertiser bids a single price to determine the allocation of eight or more ad positions on a page. If a simplified mechanism satisfies the “best-reply-closure ” property, then all Nash equilibria of the simplified mechanism are also equilibria of the original direct mechanism. For search advertising auctions, suitable simplifications eliminate inefficient, low-revenue equilibria that are favored in the original direct mechanism when bidding costs are positive.
Color reproduction from low-SNR multispectral images using spatio-spectral Wiener estimation (2008)

It is possible to capture images with high-fidelity color by using a spectrum-based color image reproduction method that estimates the spectral information of objects from a multispectral image along with information from illumination. When multispectral images do not have a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the accuracy of the spectral and color estimation will be reduced. To improve color estimation accuracy, this paper proposes a spatio-spectral Wiener estimation, which uses spatial correlation as well as spectral correlation. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, computer simulations and an experiment are carried out using a six-channel video camera. As a result, it is assured that the proposed method improves color estimation accuracy and suppresses color noise.
‘Overlooked’ units of comparative and conservation biology: a case study of a small African bustard, the Black Korhaan Eupodotis afra (1994)

Two small southern African bustards, the Black‐winged Korhaan Eupodotis afra afra and the White‐winged Korhaan E. a. afraoides , have long been treated as conspecific. However, differences in their habitats, plumage, morphometrics, displays and vocalizations of males, mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms and, possibly, social systems strongly suggest that they are distinct species.
ESD performance evaluation of powered high-speed interfaces (2015)

An approach towards evaluating the ESD performance of high-speed interfaces is presented. By applying ESD stress to powered USB 3.0 interfaces the propagation of very short ESD pulses is investigated. Soft failures caused by TLP stress are put into relation to hard failure thresholds of the unpowered devices as well as soft failures induced by IEC 61000-4-2 pulses.
Bioactive phenolic substances in industrially important tree species. Part 4: Identification of two new 7-hydroxy divanillyl butyrolactol lignans in some spruce, fir, and pine species (2005)

Abstract A few lignans, that is, 7-hydroxymatairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, lariciresinol, and nortrachelogenin, predominate in a large proportion of the industrially important softwood species used. Some other lignans, of which some still are unidentified, are also present in lower amounts. Softwood knots, i.e., the branch bases inside tree stems, commonly contain exceptionally large amounts of free aglycone lignans, which has provided a great opportunity to isolate sufficient amounts of softwood lignans for structural characterisation. Here we present the identification and characterisation of two new 9-epimers of 7-hydroxy divanillyl butyrolactol lignans, (7 S ,8 R ,8′ R ,9′ R )-4,4′,7-trihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxylignano-9′,9′-lactol and (7 S ,8 R ,8′ R ,9′ S )-4,4′,7-trihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxylignano-9′,9′-lactol, in knotwood of Colorado spruce ( Picea pungens ), from tentative GC-MS analysis to final determination of the structure by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. Further analyses have verified the occurrence of these lignans, which were earlier incorrectly addressed by our group as isomers of liovil, in several spruce, pine, and fir species.
A rational nomenclature for serine/arginine-rich protein splicing factors (SR proteins): Table 1. (2010)

The serine/arginine-rich proteins (SR proteins) constitute a family of predominantly nuclear RNA-binding proteins that are present in all metazoan organisms and in plants. The first SR protein was identified nearly 20 years ago as an essential pre-mRNA splicing factor that could also influence alternative splicing in human cell extracts, and was found to have sequence features similar to genetically defined splicing regulators in Drosophila (Ge et al. 1991; Krainer et al. 1991). Specifically, it contained two N-terminal RNP-type RNA-binding domains (RBDs; also known as an RNA recognition motif [RRM]), and a C-terminal region enriched in Arg–Ser dipeptides (RS domain). It was soon realized that a family of SR proteins exists in mammals that are characterized by one or two N-terminal RBDs and a C-terminal RS domain (Fu and Maniatis 1992; Zahler et al. 1992). The SR proteins have since been extensively studied in several species, and found to play important roles in splicing, both as general splicing factors and as regulators of alternative splicing. Unexpectedly, studies during the past decade have extended the role of SR proteins to a diverse set of additional cellular processes, including mRNA nuclear export, mRNA stability and quality control, translation, maintenance of genomic stability, oncogenic transformation, and likely others (Huang and Steitz 2005; Long and Cáceres 2009; Zhong et al. 2009). It is thus apparent that SR proteins play multiple important roles in the control of gene expression.
Electrochemical Carboxylation of Olefins to Form Monocarboxylic Products By Using 12CaO•7Al2O3 Electride Cathode (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Hydrodynamic and Thermal Performance of a Vapor-Venting Microchannel Copper Heat Exchanger (2008)

Two-phase microfluidic cooling has the potential to achieve low thermal resistances with relatively small pumping power requirements compared to single-phase heat exchanger technology. Two-phase cooling systems face practical challenges however, due to the instabilities, large pressure drop, and dry-out potential associated with the vapor phase. Our past work demonstrated that a novel vapor-venting membrane attached to a silicon microchannel heat exchanger can reduce the pressure drop for two-phase convection. This work develops two different types of vapor-venting copper heat exchangers with integrated hydrophobic PTFE membranes and attached thermocouples to quantify the thermal resistance and pressure-drop improvement over a non-venting control. The first type of heat exchanger, consisting of a PTFE phase separation membrane and a 170 micron thick carbon-fiber support membrane, shows no improvement in the thermal resistance and pressure drop. The results suggest that condensation and leakage into the carbon-fiber membrane suppresses venting and results in poor device performance. The second type of heat exchanger, which evacuates any liquid water on the vapor side of the PTFE membrane using 200 ml/min of air, reduces the thermal resistance by almost 35% in the single-phase regime in comparison. This work shows that water management, mechanical and surface properties of the membrane as well as its attachment and support within the heat exchanger are all key elements of the design of vapor-venting heat exchangers.
Mechanistic investigation of the on-surface enzymatic digestion (oSED) protein adsorption detection method using targeted mass spectrometry (2016)

This study describes our efforts to study some of the mechanistic aspects of the earlier established on-surface enzymatic digestion (oSED) method. In a multitude of application areas, it has become important to be able to fully characterize and understand selective protein adsorption to biomaterial surfaces for various applications, including biomedicine (implants), nanotechnology (microchip surfaces and sensors) and materials sciences. Herein, the investigation of the mechanistic aspects was based on microdialysis catheter tubes that were flushed with controlled protein solutions mimicking the extracellular fluid of the brain. The protein adsorption properties were monitored using high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a targeted method. The temporally resolved results show that most proteins stay adsorbed onto the surface during the entire digestion process and are only cut away piece by piece, whereas smaller proteins and peptides seem to desorb rather easily from the surface. This information will simplify the interpretation of data generated using the oSED method and can also be used for the characterization of the physicochemical properties controlling the adsorption of individual proteins to specific surfaces.