gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge ambiguity and splitting of monopoles (2021)

This paper is dedicated to studying various aspects of topological defects, appearing in mean-field theory treatments of physical systems such as ultracold atomic gases and gauge field theories. We start by investigating topological charge ambiguity and addition of topological charges using the mathematical formalism of covering spaces, which clarifies many aspects these phenomena. Subsequently, we classify topological defect configurations consisting of several monopoles and unknotted ring defects in terms of homotopy groups and fundamental group actions on them, thus generalizing the previous classifications of a single monopole and a single unknotted ring defect. Finally, we examine the decay of multiply charged topological monopoles under small perturbations of the physical system, and analyze the conditions under which multiply charged monopoles are inclined to split into several singly charged monopoles.
Layered Space Shift Keying Modulation over MIMO Channels (2016)

Space shift keying (SSK) modulation is an emerging transmission technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channels, which exploits the spatial domain to convey information. In this paper, we present a layered space shift keying (LSSK) modulation scheme to fully exploit the spatial domain to transmit information bits, where a layered architecture is developed to achieve spatial multiplexing transmission in an SSK system. Specifically, LSSK leverages the rotated signals predetermined at the transceiver to identify different layers and improve the bit-error-rate (BER) performance. The layered signals are directly generated by the proposed LSSK modulation method with a low computational overhead. Furthermore, we propose a layered-and-joint (LJ) near-optimal detection algorithm based on the layered architecture of LSSK to reduce the detection complexity. In LJ detection, layered detection is performed to find a set of detection candidates for each layer, and then, joint detection is performed with these candidates. We show that the performance of LJ detection is quite close to that of optimal maximum-likelihood detection with significantly reduced detection complexity for high-spectrum-efficiency scenarios. Results demonstrate that the proposed LSSK scheme substantially improves the spectrum efficiency of an SSK system and outperforms other existing MIMO schemes.
Endoscopic dilatation improves long-term dysphagia following head and neck cancer therapies: a randomized control trial (2018)

Long-term pharyngeal dysphagia is a common complication following head and neck cancer (HNC) therapies. High-level evidence for pharyngoesophageal junction (POJ) dilatation as a treatment in this population is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of POJ dilatation in dysphagic HNC survivors. This single-center, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial (St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia) randomly assigned (1:1) HNC survivors with long-term dysphagia (≥12 months postcompleted HNC therapies) to receive either graded endoscopic dilatations or sham dilatation (placebo). Patients were blinded to intervention types. Two strata were used for permuted randomization: (1) HNC therapies (total laryngectomy vs. chemoradiation alone); (2) Prior POJ dilatation (nil vs. previous dilatation). The primary endpoint was a short-term clinical response in swallowing function (3 months), defined as (1) a decrease in Sydney Swallow Questionnaire score by ≥200 or a score ≤ ULN; and (2) satisfactory global clinical assessment. The secondary endpoints were dysphagia relapse and serious adverse events. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000707369). Between 13 January 2013 and 16 January 2017, 41 patients were randomly assigned to endoscopic dilatation (n = 21) or placebo (n = 20). The short-term response rate in the endoscopic dilatation group was 76% (n = 16), compared with 5% (n = 1) in the placebo group (P < 0.001). There were no serious adverse events. The finding of a mucosal tear postdilatation was associated strongly with clinical response (OR 13.4, 95% CI [2.4, 74.9], P = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier estimate of dysphagia relapse is 50% by 9.6 months (95% CI [6.0, 19.2]) from completion of dilatation. Endoscopic dilatation of the POJ is a safe and efficacious therapy for the treatment of long-term dysphagia in HNC survivors. Close follow-up and repeat dilatation are necessary given the high dysphagia relapse rate.
Cdk5 Inhibitory Peptide (CIP) Inhibits Cdk5/p25 Activity Induced by High Glucose in Pancreatic Beta Cells and Recovers Insulin Secretion from p25 Damage (2013)

Cdk5/p25 hyperactivity has been demonstrated to lead to neuron apoptosis and degenerations. Chronic exposure to high glucose (HG) results in hyperactivity of Cdk5 and reduced insulin secretion. Here, we set out to determine whether abnormal upregulation of Cdk5/p25 activity may be induced in a pancreatic beta cell line, Min6 cells. We first confirmed that p25 were induced in overexpressed p35 cells treated with HG and increased time course dependence. Next, we showed that no p25 was detected under short time HG stimulation (4-12 hrs), however was detectable in the long exposure in HG cells (24 hrs and 48 hrs). Cdk5 activity in the above cells was much higher than low glucose treated cells and resulted in more than 50% inhibition of insulin secretion. We confirmed these results by overexpression of p25 in Min6 cells. As in cortical neurons, CIP, a small peptide, inhibited Cdk5/p25 activity and restored insulin secretion. The same results were detected in co-infection of dominant negative Cdk5 (DNCdk5) with p25. CIP also reduced beta cells apoptosis induced by Cdk5/p25. These studies indicate that Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation deregulates insulin secretion and induces cell death in pancreatic beta cells and suggests that CIP may serve as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes.
Roles of Macrophages in Advanced Liver Fibrosis, Identified Using a Newly Established Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (2022)

Macrophages play critical roles in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, it is unclear which macrophage subsets are critically involved in the development of inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. In TSNO mice fed a high-fat/cholesterol/cholate-based diet, which exhibit advanced liver fibrosis that mimics human NASH, we found that Kupffer cells (KCs) were less abundant and recruited macrophages were more abundant, forming hepatic crown-like structures (hCLS) in the liver. The recruited macrophages comprised two subsets: CD11c<sup>+</sup>/Ly6C<sup>-</sup> and CD11c<sup>-</sup>/Ly6C<sup>+</sup> cells. CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells were present in a mesh-like pattern around the lipid droplets, constituting the hCLS. In addition, CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells colocalized with collagen fibers, suggesting that this subset of recruited macrophages might promote advanced liver fibrosis. In contrast, Ly6C<sup>+</sup> cells were present in doughnut-like inflammatory lesions, with a lipid droplet in the center. Finally, RNA sequence analysis indicates that CD11c<sup>+</sup>/Ly6C<sup>-</sup> cells promote liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, whereas CD11c<sup>-</sup>/Ly6C<sup>+</sup> cells are a macrophage subset that play an anti-inflammatory role and promote tissue repair in NASH. Taken together, our data revealed changes in liver macrophage subsets during the development of NASH and shed light on the roles of the recruited macrophages in the pathogenesis of advanced fibrosis in NASH.
Differential Signaling by the Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factors Neuregulin-1 and Neuregulin-2 (1998)

The neuregulins comprise a subfamily of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors that elicit diverse cellular responses by activating members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Although neuregulin-1 and neuregulin-2 are both binding ligands for the ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors, they exhibit distinct biological activities depending on cellular context. In MDA-MB-468 human mammary tumor cells, neuregulin-2beta (NRG2beta) inhibits cell growth, whereas neuregulin-1beta (NRG1beta) does not. In these cells, NRG2beta appears to preferentially act through the EGF receptor, stimulating receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and the recruitment of phospholipase C-gamma, Cbl, SHP2, and Shc to that receptor. NRG1beta preferentially acts through ErbB3 in these cells by stimulating the tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Shc to that receptor. In MDA-MB-453 cells, both NRG1beta and NRG2beta stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of the ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors to similar extents, but only NRG1beta potently stimulates morphological changes consistent with their differentiation. The profiles of SH2 domain-containing proteins that are efficiently recruited to activated receptors differ for the two factors. These observations indicate that despite their overlapping receptor specificity, the neuregulins exhibit distinct biological and biochemical properties. Since both of these cell lines express only two of the known ErbB receptors, our results imply that EGF-like ligands might elicit differential signaling within the context of a single receptor heterodimer.
The design of 2-D recursive filters in the 2-D reflection coefficient domain (2005)

In this paper the reflection (or partial correlation) coefficient representation for 2-D minimum-phase filters is discussed. The representation is the basis for a new approach to designing 2-D all-pole recursive filters: the filters are designed by choosing appropriately a finite set of 2-D reflection coefficients, and stability is guaranteed merely by constraining the reflection coefficient magnitudes to be less than one.
Differentiation and Regulation of TH Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy (2021)

Current success of immunotherapy in cancer has drawn attention to the subsets of T<sub>H</sub> cells in the tumor which are critical for activation of anti-tumor response either directly by themselves or by stimulating cytotoxic T cell activity. However, presence of immunosuppressive pro-tumorigenic T<sub>H</sub> subsets in the tumor milieu further contributes to the complexity of regulation of T<sub>H</sub> cell-mediated immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the multifaceted positive and negative effects of T<sub>H</sub> cells, with an emphasis on regulation of different T<sub>H</sub> cell subtypes by various immune cells, and how a delicate balance of contradictory signals can influence overall success of cancer immunotherapy. We focus on the regulatory network that encompasses dendritic cell-induced activation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>1 cells and subsequent priming of CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells, along with intersecting anti-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic T<sub>H</sub>2 cell activity. We further discuss how other tumor infiltrating immune cells such as immunostimulatory T<sub>H</sub>9 and T<sub>fh</sub> cells, immunosuppressive T<sub>reg</sub> cells, and the duality of T<sub>H</sub>17 function contribute to tip the balance of anti- vs pro-tumorigenic T<sub>H</sub> responses in the tumor. We highlight the developing knowledge of CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>1 immune response against neoantigens/oncodrivers, impact of current immunotherapy strategies on CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>1 immunity, and how opposing action of T<sub>H</sub> cell subtypes can be explored further to amplify immunotherapy success in patients. Understanding the nuances of CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub> cells regulation and the molecular framework undergirding the balancing act between anti- vs pro-tumorigenic T<sub>H</sub> subtypes is critical for rational designing of immunotherapies that can bypass therapeutic escape to maximize the potential of immunotherapy.
Characterization system for research on energy storage capacitors (2013)

In this work a characterization system for high energy-density capacitors is described and demonstrated. Capacitors are being designed using thin-film technology in an attempt to achieve higher energy-density levels by operating the devices at a high voltage. These devices are fabricated from layers of 100 nm aluminum and a layer of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene on a polyethylene naphthalate plastic substrate. The devices have been designed to store electrical charge at up to 200 V. Characterizations of these devices focus on the measurement of capacitance vs bias voltage and temperature, equivalent series resistance, and charge/discharge cycles. For the purpose of the characterization of these capacitors, an electronic charge/discharge interface was designed and tested.
systemsDock: a web server for network pharmacology-based prediction and analysis (2016)

We present systemsDock, a web server for network pharmacology-based prediction and analysis, which permits docking simulation and molecular pathway map for comprehensive characterization of ligand selectivity and interpretation of ligand action on a complex molecular network. It incorporates an elaborately designed scoring function for molecular docking to assess protein-ligand binding potential. For large-scale screening and ease of investigation, systemsDock has a user-friendly GUI interface for molecule preparation, parameter specification and result inspection. Ligand binding potentials against individual proteins can be directly displayed on an uploaded molecular interaction map, allowing users to systemically investigate network-dependent effects of a drug or drug candidate. A case study is given to demonstrate how systemsDock can be used to discover a test compound's multi-target activity. systemsDock is freely accessible at http://systemsdock.unit.oist.jp/.
Non invasive blood flow measurement in cerebellum detects minimal hepatic encephalopathy earlier than psychometric tests (2014)

Non invasive BF determination in cerebellum using ASL may detect MHE earlier than the PHES. Altered NO-cGMP pathway seems to be associated to altered BF in cerebellum.
Reaction Kinetics and Coreflooding Study of High-Temperature Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation Using GLDA in Seawater (2019)

Well stimulation using hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a common practice in carbonate reservoirs to overcome formation damage in the near wellbore area. Using HCl for matrix acidizing has many limitations at high-temperature (HT) conditions, such as tubulars corrosion and face dissolution due to the fast reaction rate. Chelating agents, such as L-glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA), are alternatives to HCl to overcome these problems. We studied the effect of diluting GLDA in seawater on the reaction kinetics with carbonate rocks under HT conditions at low pH (3.8). Results of the reaction of carbonate at 1000 psi and 150, 200, and 250 °F with GLDA prepared in both fresh and seawater, GLDA/DI and GLDA/SW, respectively, are presented. The reaction kinetics experiments were carried out in HT rotating disk apparatus (RDA) at rotational speeds ranging from 500 to 2000 revolutions per minute (RPM) at a fixed temperature. Indiana limestone and Austin chalk were used to studying the effect of rock facies on the reaction of GLDA with rock samples. In both GLDA/DI and GLDA/SW, the reaction regime of 20 wt% GLDA (3.8 pH) with Indiana limestone was mass transfer limited. The reaction rate and diffusion coefficient were highly dependent on the temperature. For Austin chalk, at 200 °F and 1000 psi the diffusion coefficient of GLDA/SW is an order of magnitude of its value with Indiana limestone using the same fluid. Diffusion coefficients were used to estimate the optimum injection rate for stimulating HT carbonate formation and compared with coreflooding results. The data presented in this paper will support the numerical simulation of the acid flow in carbonate reservoirs.
Electrogenic reduction of the secondary quinone acceptor in chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum (1986)

Electron transfer Q A → Q B has been reconstituted with added Q‐10 in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores associated with a phospholipid‐impregnated collodion film. Rapid kinetics measurements of laser flash‐induced ΔΨ generated in the chromatophores show that whereas electron transfer from Q a − to Q B upon the first flash is not electrogenic in dark‐adapted chromatophores, reduction of Q − B to Q b h 2 induced by the second flash gives rise to an electrogenic phase with τ = 250 μs at pH 7.5 which contributes about 10% to the total ΔΨ generated upon the flash. The electrogenic phase is ascribed to vectorial protonation of Q 2− B .
Electromagnetic energy–momentum tensors in general dispersive bianisotropic media (2021)

The macroscopic electromagnetic (EM) energy–momentum tensor is one of the most important quantities characterizing the propagation and interaction of light in materials. In recent years, while exotic optical effects in various kinds of bianisotropic materials have been discovered, there still lacks a rigorous analysis of the energy and momentum of EM fields in such general cases. In this paper, using Noether’s theorem and the “Abrahamization” procedure, we obtain generalized Minkowski and Abraham EM energy–momentum tensors, applicable for both arbitrary time-dependent real EM fields and complex-valued analytic signals, in generic lossless bianisotropic media with frequency dispersion. The frequency dispersion of the materials modifies the expressions of EM energy density and Minkowski momentum, making them different from their familiar forms in nondispersive media. Our results reveal that the generalized Minkowski momenta for both real fields and analytic signals are conserved in source-free homogeneous media, while the Abraham momenta, characterizing the centroid motion of light, can change over time, which leads to the counterintuitive phenomenon that wave packets can travel along curved trajectories even in homogeneous bianisotropic media. We also show that the energy–momentum tensor for analytic signals derived from the action principle directly gives the conservation law of time-averaged fields and hence can describe the envelope evolution of waves in quasi-monochromatic approximation.
Domains of health‐related quality of life important and relevant to multiethnic English‐speaking Asian systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A focus group study (2011)

Family and stigma and discrimination (identified as content gaps) may be accentuated in the Asian sociocultural context. PROMIS item banks have tremendous potential to serve as a core set of items for HRQOL assessment in SLE patients. Additional items may be written to fill the gaps in existing PROMIS item banks.
Can potentials from the visual cortex be elicited electrically despite severe retinal degeneration and a markedly reduced electroretinogram? (1995)

Outer retinal degenerations can cause severe visual handicap. Specific treatment is lacking. There is good histologic evidence that even in the face of total photoreceptor loss the ganglion cells remain viable. This study evaluates the possibility of eliciting an evoked potential by electrical stimulation of rabbit eyes with experimentally induced outer retinal degenerations. Electrical stimulation using a bipolar contact-lens electrode was performed in normal rabbits as well as in rabbits with experimentally induced outer retinal degenerations. Outer retinal degenerations were induced by injecting intravenously either monoiodoacetic acid (IAA) or sodium iodate (NaIO3). After administration of IAA or NaIO3, the electroretinogram was absent or markedly reduced and, histologically, the photoreceptor layer was severely damaged. However, the electrically evoked visual cortical response could nonetheless be elicited. We conclude that electrical stimulation of the globe can elicit evoked potentials from the visual cortex despite severe outer retinal damage. These results provide support for future efforts toward testing the feasibility of bypassing damaged outer retina and electrically stimulating the inner retina of patients with profound visual loss from retinitis pigmentosa.
Large-Scale Interferometric Fiber Sensor Arrays Incorporating Multiple Optical Switches (1998)

We have developed a novel fiber sensor array telemetry that uses multiple all-fiber, all-optical switches for time domain multiplexing. Incorporating optical switches improves the telemetry by connecting only one sensor at a time to the buses and thus delivering the largest possible signal power to each sensor and to the receiver. We report the first laboratory demonstration of such an array using optical Kerr effect switches and discuss the requirements of the switches needed for a practical array.
Immunocytochemistry of Angiosarcomas: A Study of 19 Cases with Special Emphasis on the Applicability of Endothelial Cell Specific Markers to Routinely Prepared Tissues (1988)

Since the advent of endothelial cell specific antibodies, immunocytochemistry has become an increasingly used tool in the diagnosis of malignant endothelial tumors or tumors of an alleged vascular nature. In surgical pathology the most frequently applied markers are anti-Factor VIII-related antigen (anti-FVIII-R:AG) and Ulex europeus I agglutinin (UEA I) because of their ability to work on routinely formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. However, these markers label angiosarcomas inconstantly, which has prompted the search for more reliable markers, especially monoclonal antibodies specific for endothelial cell specific antigens. BMA 120 (formerly designated BW 200) is an endothelial cell specific monoclonal antibody detecting an epitope of a formalin resistant antigen. This marker labels a considerable number of angiosarcoma cells and it was compared with the staining patterns of anti-FVIIIR:Ag and UEA I in 19 angiosarcomas. Special regard was given to the distribution of antibodies in different parts of angiosarcomas.
96(P16) 強力な鎮痛作用を有するダフナンジテルペン、レジニフェラトキシンのエナンチオ選択的全合成(ポスター発表の部) (1996)

The following study presents results of a broad diagnostical screening for 128 insomniacs, which includes polysomnography, sleep-wake diaries and psychosometrical testing. It was our special aim to investigate about critical but not classical variables for insomnia, which had been mentioned in sleep literature before. We therefore focused on hypotheses about the meaning of state 1 sleep (according to Zorick et al. 1984) and the number of REM-Non-REM Cycles (according to Rüther et al. 1985) for the diagnosis of insomnia. Statistical analysis (t-Test, p = 0.05) showed that patients with less than 3 REM-Non-REM Cycles consumed significantly more hypnotics during 6 months before the sleep examination. Moreover it was obvious (Chi-Square, p = 0.001) that more than 50% of insomniacs with organic causes presented less than 3 cycles, whereas the latter was true only for 1 patient with primary insomnia. Although results were not as strong for the "state-1 sleep variable", we find that these non-classical sleep variables should be sincerely regarded within the future context of the diagnosis of insomnia.