gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature of Oleic Acid Coated Fe<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.1 and 0.3) Nanocrystal Drop-Cast Films (2015)

Oleic acid coated Fe3-xCoxO4 (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.3) nanocrystal self-assembled films were fabricated via drop-casting of colloidal particles on a SiO2/Si substrate. Nanocrystals of the Fe3-xCoxO4 exhibited bifurcation of the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetizations at 300 K. The Fe3-xCoxO4 nanocrystal drop-cast films demonstrated nonlinear current-voltage characteristics between the source and drain electrodes in magnetic fields of zero and 0.2 T, and magnetoresistance reached into −46% for the x = 0 film and −50% for both the x = 0.1 and 0.3 films at 300 K. Oleic acid coated Fe3-xCoxO4 (x = 0.1 and 0.3) nanocrystal would boost developments of a high performance current switching device using negative magnetoresistance.
677 IBS Patients Have SCN5A Mutations That Result in Decreased NaV1.5 Current and Mechanosensitivity (2015)

Background: To date no discrete genetic signature has been defined for isolated Dclk1+ tuft cells within the small intestine. Furthermore, recent reports on the functional significance of Dclk1+ cells in the small intestine have been inconsistent. These cells have been proposed to be fully differentiated cells, reserve stem cells, and tumor stem cells. Here we present a discrete candidate gene signature of Dclk1+ cells obtained from Dclk1-CreER;Rosa26-YFP mice, which will be a valuable animal model for future work seeking to uncover the latent abilities and functional role of Dclk1 expressing tuft cells and their subsets. Methods: The Dclk1-CreER;Rosa26-YFP compound mice were injected with tamoxifen to induce the expression of YFP driven by Dclk1 promoter. We FACS-sorted Dclk1+ cells from the small intestinal epithelium of Dclk1-CreER;Rosa26-YFP mice. We determined the mRNA expression levels of Dclk1 and other stem cell associated markers (Bmi1 and Lgr5), and pluripotency factors in the isolated Dclk1+ and Dclk1cells. To analyze the expression of key markers of quiescence survival and longevity, mRNA expression of cell cycle regulators and survival factors were analyzed. To explore the clonogenic capacity of the otherwise quiescent cells, we investigated self-renewal capacity in the Dclk1+ and Dclk1population. Results: Following tamoxifen administration, intestines were collected for YFP and Dclk1 staining, and we found that YFP co-localized with Dclk1 expression. Analysis of sorted YFP+ cells demonstrated marked enrichment (~6000 fold) for Dclk1 mRNA compared with YFPcells, confirming successful isolation of Dclk1+ cells. The Dclk1+ population was enriched (~6 fold) for the quiescent putative stem cell marker Bmi1, whereas the Dclk1fraction was enriched ~174 fold for Lgr5. We observed a relatively higher expression of pluripotency genes (~5-80 fold) as well as a significant increase in pro-survival genes (~4-9 fold) and quiescence regulatory markers (~8-24 fold) in the Dclk1+ cells compared to Dclk1cells. A 14-fold increase in self-renewal capability was observed in in vitro isolated Dclk1+ cells by clonogenic assay. The unique genetic profile presented in this study suggests that Dclk1+ cells may be relatively quiescent under normal homeostatic conditions but maintain their pluripotency and metabolic machinery required for survival/longevity through the expression of Cdkn1A, Cdkn1B, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Klf4, Wif1, RelA, Akt and AMPK, and vital regulation of Raptor, Rictor, p53 and Survivin. Conclusion: Taken as a whole, these results provide additional support for the hypothesis that while the majority of Dclk1+ cells are committed tuft cells, they also maintain the molecular capability for stemness in reserve, and could play a role in the maintenance of the stem cell niche in an injury repair environment.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Aminothiazoles: A New Class of Agonist Allosteric Enhancers of A1 Adenosine Receptors. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SEAL: Attack Mitigation for Encrypted Databases via Adjustable Leakage. (2019)

Building expressive encrypted databases that can scale to large volumes of data while enjoying formal security guarantees has been one of the holy grails of security and cryptography research. Searchable Encryption (SE) is considered to be an attractive implementation choice for this goal: It naturally supports basic database queries such as point, join, group-by and range, and is very practical at the expense of well-defined leakage such as search and access pattern. Nevertheless, recent attacks have exploited these leakages to recover the plaintext database or the posed queries, casting doubt to the usefulness of SE in encrypted systems. Defenses against such leakage-abuse attacks typically require the use of Oblivious RAM or worst-case padding-such countermeasures are however quite impractical. In order to efficiently defend against leakage-abuse attacks on SE-based systems, we propose SEAL, a family of new SE schemes with adjustable leakage. In SEAL, the amount of privacy loss is expressed in leaked bits of search or access pattern and can be defined at setup. As our experiments show, when protecting only a few bits of leakage (e.g., three to four bits of access pattern), enough for existing and even new more aggressive attacks to fail, SEAL query execution time is within the realm of practical for real-world applications (a little over one order of magnitude slowdown compared to traditional SE-based encrypted databases). Thus, SEAL could comprise a promising approach to build efficient and robust encrypted databases. © 2020 by The USENIX Association. All Rights Reserved.
IGF1R blockade with ganitumab results in systemic effects on the GH–IGF axis in mice (2014)

Ganitumab is a fully human MAB to the human type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). Binding assays showed that ganitumab recognized murine IGF1R with sub-nanomolar affinity (KD=0.22 nM) and inhibited the interaction of murine IGF1R with IGF1 and IGF2. Ganitumab inhibited IGF1-induced activation of IGF1R in murine lungs and CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells and tumors. Addition of ganitumab to 5-fluorouracil resulted in enhanced inhibition of tumor growth in the CT26 model. Pharmacological intervention with ganitumab in naïve nude mice resulted in a number of physiological changes described previously in animals with targeted deletions of Igf1 and Igf1r, including inhibition of weight gain, reduced glucose tolerance and significant increase in serum levels of GH, IGF1 and IGFBP3. Flow cytometric analysis identified GR1/CD11b-positive cells as the highest IGF1R-expressing cells in murine peripheral blood. Administration of ganitumab led to a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in the number of peripheral neutrophils with no effect on erythrocytes or platelets. These findings indicate that acute IGF availability for its receptor plays a critical role in physiological growth, glucose metabolism and neutrophil physiology and support the presence of a pituitary IGF1R-driven negative feedback loop that tightly regulates serum IGF1 levels through Gh signaling.
Study of the decay D0→K−K+π−π+ (1998)

Using data from Fermilab fixed-target experiment E791, we measure the branching ratio for D0→K−K+π−π+ and its resonant components. We find Γ(D0→K−K+π−π+)Γ(D0→K−π+π−π+)=(3.13±0.37±0.36)%. A coherent amplitude analysis is used to estimate the resonant components. We measure the ratios Γ(D0→f)Γ(D0→K−π+π−π+) to be (2.0±0.9±0.8)% for f=φρ0, (0.9±0.4±0.5)% for f=φπ+π−, <2.0% at the 90% CL for f=K∗0(892)K∗0(892), and <1.0% at the 90% CL for f=K∗0(892)K+π− or K∗0(892)K−π+.
Structures in turbulent boundary layers subjected to adverse pressure gradients (2009)

The effects of adverse pressure gradients on turbulent structures were investigated by carrying out direct numerical simulations of turbulent boundary layers subjected to adverse and zero pressure gradients. The equilibrium adverse pressure gradient flows were established by using a power law free-stream distribution U ∞ ~ x m . Two-point correlations of velocity fluctuations were used to show that the spanwise spacing between near-wall streaks is affected significantly by a strong adverse pressure gradient. Low-momentum regions are dominant in the middle of the boundary layer as well as in the log layer. Linear stochastic estimation was used to provide evidence for the presence of low-momentum regions and to determine their statistical properties. The mean width of such large-scale structures is closely associated with the size of the hairpin-like vortices in the outer layer. The conditionally averaged flow fields around events producing Reynolds stress show that hairpin-like vortices are the structures associated with the production of outer turbulence. The shapes of the vortices beyond the log layer were found to be similar when their length scales were normalized according to the boundary layer thickness. Estimates of the conditionally averaged velocity fields associated with the spanwise vortical motion were obtained by using linear stochastic estimation. These results confirm that the outer region of the adverse pressure gradient boundary layer is populated with streamwise-aligned vortex organizations, which are similar to those of the vortex packet model proposed by Adrian, Meinhart &amp; Tomkins ( J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 422, 2000, pp. 1–54). The adverse pressure gradient augments the inclination angles of the packets and the mean streamwise spacing of the vortex heads in the packets.
Cooperative and Self-Growing Energy-Aware Networks (2010)

In next generation systems and networks, the incorporation of mechanisms achieving robust, predictable and self-adaptive behavior with minimum cost will be a key requirement. Towards this goal we introduce the notion of the "self-growing network". The latter, in its initial deployment stage, is limited to a single dedicated purpose (energy-efficient networking, spectrum efficient communications, control and surveillance use, etc) but can evolve/grow into a multi-purpose, versatile infrastructure, that serves a broader range of applications by utilising combinations of self-x and cooperating features.
FcRn augments induction of tissue factor activity by IgG-containing immune complexes (2020)

Thromboembolism complicates disorders caused by immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing immune complexes (ICs), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Prior evidence indicates that induction of tissue factor (TF) on monocytes, a pivotal step in the initiation, localization, and propagation of coagulation by ICs, is mediated through Fcγ receptor IIa (FcγRIIa); however, the involvement of other receptors has not been investigated in detail. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) that mediates IgG and albumin recycling also participates in cellular responses to IgG-containing ICs. Here we asked whether FcRn is also involved in the induction of TF-dependent factor Xa (FXa) activity by IgG-containing ICs by THP-1 monocytic cells and human monocytes. Induction of FXa activity by ICs containing IgG antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4) involved in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), β-2-glycoprotein-1 implicated in antiphospholipid syndrome, or red blood cells coated with anti-(α)-Rh(D) antibodies that mediate hemolysis in vivo was inhibited by a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks IgG binding to human FcRn. IgG-containing ICs that bind to FcγR and FcRn induced FXa activity, whereas IgG-containing ICs with an Fc engineered to be unable to engage FcRn did not. Infusion of an α-FcRn mAb prevented fibrin deposition after microvascular injury in a murine model of HIT in which human FcγRIIa was expressed as a transgene. These data implicate FcRn in TF-dependent FXa activity induced by soluble and cell-associated IgG-containing ICs. Antibodies to FcRn, now in clinical trials in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia to lower IgG antibodies and IgG containing ICs may also reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism.
Cloning and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding VH and VL of a Monoclonal Anti-CEA Antibody (CEA 79) Cross-reactive with NCA-95 and Generation of a Single-Chain Fv Molecule (scFv) (1997)

We cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the variable regions of heavy chain (VH) and of light chain (VL) of a monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody cross-reactive with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-95 (NCA-95), which had been previously prepared and designated as CEA 79 (gamma 2a, kappa). From these cDNAs, a phagemid expression vector for the CEA79 single chain variable fragment (scFv) was generated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), competitive ELISAs, and Western blotting confirmed that the scFv displayed on the surface of the bacteriophage had retained affinity for CEA and NCA-95. We then determined the nucleotide sequences of the cloned cDNAs for VH and VL. The sequence analysis revealed that VH and VL of the CEA 79 antibody represent new members of the mouse heavy chain subgroup "miscellaneous" and the kappa light chain subgroup "V", respectively.
Development of a TL-5 Vertical Faced Concrete Median Barrier Incorporating Head Ejection Criteria (2007)

A concrete median barrier was designed as a cost efficient alternative to current barriers for use on roadways with heavy tractor-trailer traffic. The barrier geometry was configured to optimize small car and pickup truck safety. After reviewing over 100 previously conducted crash tests, it was determined that vertical faced barriers reduced the risk of vehicle rollover during impacts by eliminating tire climb and vehicle roll. Also, multiple crash test videos were utilized to create a head ejection envelope encompassing the extent of an occupant’s head as it is ejected through the vehicle side window during impact. The top of the barrier was cut back to comply with this envelope. The internal steel reinforcement was optimized such that material costs were minimized while providing adequate strength. Slight alterations were made to ensure compatibility with common construction practices, such as slipforming. These alterations resulted from discussions with multiple contractors and members of various State Departments of Transportation. A 200 ft section of barrier was constructed and crash tested with an 80,000-lb tractor trailer in compliance with the NCHRP Report 350 requirements. The barrier performance satisfied all criteria under TL-5 impact conditions.
SCDT-36. NOVEL MODULAR, PERMANENTLY IMPLANTED COLLAGEN-BASED DEVICE FOR INTRAOPERATIVE BRACHYTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS (2017)

Brachytherapy (BT) is a current standard of care treatment for many non-central nervous system (CNS) tumors, but is rarely used for as an adjuvant CNS tumor treatment. Combining surgical resection with adjuvant BT in brain tumors represents an attractive therapeutic option as immediate post resection radiation could evince a higher therapeutic ratio in rapidly proliferating tumors, BT using a short-range isotope exposes less normal tissue to radiation than EBRT (possibly limiting neurocognitive deficits), and source placement under intraoperative visualization allows more precise identification of the area at risk than does post-operative treatment imaging. Major challenges in brain brachytherapy have been 1) the occurrence of radiation “hot spots” and “cold spots” resulting from uneven spacing of radiation sources (called “seeds”) and direct seed-to-brain contact, and 2) the poor handling qualities of the seeds themselves, 4.5 mm x 0.8 mm radioactive cylindrical titanium capsules. Radiation hot spots and direct seed-to-brain contact can result in excess radiation and injury, and radiation cold spots that receive too little radiation may lead to tumor persistence. To overcome these draw-backs we designed the GammaTile™. The GammaTile™ is a modular, permanently implanted collagen-based device designed to function simultaneously as a three-dimensional spacer and multi-seed carrier, preventing seeds from harmful direct contact with the brain, maintaining source geometry, eliminating seed migration, and facilitating rapid implant completion. We utilized Cesium-131, a low energy (28 kV), short half-life (9.7 days) isotope as rapid decay may offer a biological advantage in treatment of rapidly proliferating tumors. Using GammaTile™, the radiation dose in the first few millimeters of the operative bed is 90-120 Gy, 1.5-2 times greater than the 60Gy typically achieved by fractionated EBRT. We have initiated a proof of concept trial of resection plus BT (NCT#03088579) utilizing a prototype device which has enrolled >100 patients to date.
Bridging the Gap of Domain and Visualization Experts with a Liaison (2015)

We introduce the role Liaison for design study projects. With considerable expertise in visualization and the application domain, a Liaison can help to foster richer and more effective interdisciplinary communication in problem characterization, design, and evaluation processes. We characterize this role, provide a list of tasks of Liaison and visualization experts, and discuss concrete benefits and potential limitations based on our experience from multiple design studies. To illustrate our contributions we use as an example a molecular biology design study.
A Single-Chip Optical Phased Array in a Wafer-Scale Silicon Photonics/CMOS 3D-Integration Platform (2019)

With the growing demand for automotive LiDAR and the maturation of silicon photonics platforms, optical phased arrays (OPAs) have emerged as a key technology for solid-state optical beam-steering. In order to meet realistic automotive specifications with OPAs, >500 antenna elements should work reliably under tight power and cost budgets. Existing multi-chip solutions necessitate expensive packaging and assembly to achieve high interconnect density. Even with 2-D monolithic integration, high-voltage drivers to deliver sufficient power to resistive phase shifters typically result in significant overhead in die area and limited power efficiency. In this article, we introduce a single-chip OPA realized through wafer-scale 3-D integration of silicon photonics and CMOS. Flexible and ultra-dense connections with through-oxide vias (TOVs) in our platform resolve the I/O density issue. Moreover, low-voltage L-shaped phase shifters and compact, efficient switch-mode drivers, connected vertically using TOVs, remove wiring/placement overhead and achieve a large active array aperture within a compact die. Our OPA prototype achieves wide-range 2-D steering over 18.5°×16° by leveraging wavelength tuning and phase control, and array scaling up to 125 elements with a large aperture size of 0.5 mm×0.5 mm and 0.15°×0.25° beamwidth while consuming 20 mW/element average power. Since our system supports per-element independent phase control, increased sensitivity to process variations in L-shaped shifters is fully compensated by a simple calibration process.
Formation of electric triple layers by interdiffusion of two electrolytes (1975)

The interdiffusion of two electrolytes has been investigated by digital computer simulations. Concentration profiles and electric field strength profiles which are invariant under a Boltzmann-transformation seem to be asymptotically stable. The diffusion potential against time curves are well fitted by a single exponential or a sum of two exponentials with relaxation times around 1/2h when the initial conditions correspond to an error-function zone of length 1 cm. A field reversal effect corresponding to an electric triple layer was observed for CaCl2 at high concentration against HCl at low concentration. Associated with the field reversal is a hump in the H+-profile with maximum in the point of zero field strength.
Concise Review: Stem Cell Antigen-1: Expression, Function, and Enigma (2007)

Cloned 20 years ago, stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) is used extensively to enrich for murine hematopoietic stem cells. The realization that many different stem cell types share conserved biochemical pathways has led to a flood of recent research using Sca-1 as a candidate marker in the search for tissue-resident and cancer stem cells. Although surprisingly little is still known about its biochemical function, the generation and analysis of knockout mice has begun to shed light on the functions of Sca-1 in stem and progenitor cells, demonstrating that it is more than a convenient marker for stem cell biologists. This review summarizes the plethora of recent findings utilizing Sca-1 as a parenchymal stem cell marker and detailing its functional role in stem and progenitor cells and also attempts to explain the lingering mysteries surrounding its biochemical function and human ortholog. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Type III machines of pathogenic yersiniae secrete virulence factors into the extracellular milieu (1999)

Gram-negative bacteria use type III machines to inject toxic proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Pathogenic Yersinia species export 14 Yop proteins by the type III pathway and some of these, named effector Yops, are targeted into macrophages, thereby preventing phagocytosis and allowing bacterial replication within lymphoid tissues. Hitherto, YopB/YopD were thought to insert into the plasma membrane of macrophages and to promote the import of effector Yops into the eukaryotic cytosol. We show here that the type III machines of yersiniae secrete three proteins into the extracellular milieu (YopB, YopD and YopR). Although intrabacterial YopD is required for the injection of toxins into eukaryotic cells, secreted YopB, YopD and YopR are dispensable for this process. Nevertheless, YopB, YopD and YopR are essential for the establishment of Yersinia infections in a mouse model system, suggesting that type III secretion machines function to deliver virulence factors into the extracellular milieu also.
Microwave Properties of Ba-Substituted Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$Ti$_{0.48}$)O$_3$ after Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (2023)

We have studied the effect of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) on the ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and microwave dielectric properties of Ba-substituted PZT (BPZT), deposited by pulsed laser deposition. CMP allowed for the reduction of the root mean square surface roughness of 600 nm thick BPZT films from 12.1nm to 0.79 nm. Ammonium peroxide (SC-1) cleaning was effective to remove Si CMP residuals. Measurements of the ferroelectric hysteresis after CMP indicated that the ferroelectric properties of BPZT were only weakly affected by CMP, while the piezoelectric d33 coefficient and the microwave permittivity were reduced slightly by 10%. This can be attributed to the formation of a thin dead layer at the BPZT surface. Moreover, the intrinsic dielectric permittivity at microwave frequencies between 1 and 25 GHz was not influenced by CMP, whereas the dead layer series capacitance decreased by 10%. The results indicate that the CMP process can be used to smoothen the BPZT surface without affecting the film properties strongly.
Optical scintillation measurements in a desert environment III: high-speed imaging of scintillation patterns and their application to aperture averaging (2011)

The spatial scale of variations of intensity imposed on a propagating beam as it transits the turbulent atmosphere is of importance in designing free space laser communications receivers. Consecutive images of the entrance pupil of a 125mm diameter telescope have been acquired at a rate of 328fps over a series of ranges from 2km to 24km. The images are analyzed with respect to the aperture averaging available to a given receiver system.