gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System Dynamic Analysis of a Wind Tunnel Model with Applications to Improve Aerodynamic Data Quality (2013)

The research investigates the effect of wind tunnel model system dynamics on measured aerodynamic data. During wind tunnel tests designed to obtain lift and drag data, the required aerodynamic measurements are the steady-state balance forces and moments, pressures, and model attitude. However, the wind tunnel model system can be subjected to unsteady aerodynamic and inertial loads which result in oscillatory translations and angular rotations. The steady-state force balance and inertial model attitude measurements are obtained by filtering and averaging data taken during conditions of high model vibrations. The main goals of this research are to characterize the effects of model system dynamics on the measured steady-state aerodynamic data and develop a correction technique to compensate for dynamically induced errors. Equations of motion are formulated for the dynamic response of the model system subjected to arbitrary aerodynamic and inertial inputs. The resulting modal model is examined to study the effects of the model system dynamic response on the aerodynamic data. In particular, the equations of motion are used to describe the effect of dynamics on the inertial model attitude, or angle of attack, measurement system that is used routinely at the NASA Langley Research Center and other wind tunnel facilities throughout the world. This activity was prompted by the inertial model attitude sensor response observed during high levels of model vibration while testing in the National Transonic Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center. The inertial attitude sensor cannot distinguish between the gravitational acceleration and centrifugal accelerations associated with wind tunnel model system vibration, which results in a model attitude measurement bias error. Bias errors over an order of magnitude greater than the required device accuracy were found in the inertial model attitude measurements during dynamic testing of two model systems. Based on a theoretical modal approach, a method using measured vibration amplitudes and measured or calculated modal characteristics of the model system is developed to correct for dynamic bias errors in the model attitude measurements. The correction method is verified through dynamic response tests on two model systems and actual wind tunnel test data.
Smart Sampling of Noble Gases to Detect Underground Nuclear Explosions (2013)

One element of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) is the provision for an on site inspection (OSI). The purpose of an OSI is to monitor for the occurrence of an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) in violation of the treaty. Detection of certain rare radioactive noble gases transported to the surface can be an excellent indicator of a UNE. These gases can be very difficult to capture and require specialized sampling methods. This study aims to determine an algorithm that will increase the efficiency of the subsurface gas sampling technique being used to detect UNEs. Continuous sampling of subsurface gases was determined not to be as efficient as triggering the start of sampling by a barometric algorithm or by an algorithm using a percentage of the maximum soil-gas radon level. By using such algorithms to increase the concentration levels of the samples we collect, we also increase the probability of detecting a UNE during an OSI.
Role of Bivalent Cations in Structural Stabilities of New Drug Targets ——Vacciniarelated Kinases (VRK) from Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2013)

Protein kinases, which play an important role in the regulation of the majority of cellular processes, especially those involved in cellular signal transduction, by catalyzing the phosphorylation of specific proteins, are the attractive targets of drug design in pharmaceuticals industry. Interestingly, up to 10% of proteins in the human kinome termed pseudokinases are predicted to be enzymatically inactive, but are still pivotal in regulating diverse cellular processes and thus may be a potential therapeutic target to a certain extent. To study the underlying molecular mechanisms, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the role of bivalent cations Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in the structural stabilities and dynamical behaviors of vaccinia related kinase 3 (VRK3), which was the first solved crystal structure of the pseudokinase, and that of its closest active relatives VRK1 and VRK2. Toward this end, a series of molecular dynamics simulations have been performed with different divalent cations binding modes in the active site. The simulations suggested that the binding of Mg²⁺ in the active site played a key structural role in the stabilization of VRK1 and VRK2, and Mn²⁺ was slightly required for VRK2. By contrast, the pseudokinase VRK3 was well ordered with lower RMSD values indicating it was rigid and very stable regardless of whether the bivalent cations were bound or not during the simulations. The present study provided evidence for the role of bivalent cations in structural stabilities of VRKs and the proposed simulation model reconciled the interpretation of available experimental structural and thermal denaturation assay data. These results gave us further information on the dynamical behaviors of the active site of VRKs and suggested a mechanism of regulation of their structural stabilities, and might provide a starting point for the more detailed follow- up investigation of drug design.
Van der Waals PdSe2/WS2 Heterostructures for Robust High‐Performance Broadband Photodetection from Visible to Infrared Optical Communication Band (2021)

Abstract Due to excellent electrical and optoelectronic properties, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have attracted great attention for broadband optoelectronics. Here, an unreported vdW PdSe 2 /WS 2 heterostructure is developed for robust high‐performance broadband photodetection from visible to infrared optical communication band. These heterostructure devices are simply formed by direct selenization of Pd films pre‐deposited on the chemical vapor deposited monolayer WS 2 , followed by wet‐transfer onto device substrates with pre‐patterned electrodes. Importantly, the obtained heterostructure device exhibits an impressive broadband spectral photoresponse with response times less than 100 ms for different wavelength regions (532 to 1550 nm), where this performance is significantly better than that of pristine monolayer WS 2 devices. This performance enhancement is attributed to the type I band alignment of the heterostructure. Under illumination, both intralayer and interlayer excitations are involved to generate carriers in the relevant layer, enabling the broadband photoresponse. Photocarriers would then undergo charge separation in the depletion region with electrons transferred into the charge transport layer of WS 2 through the built‐in electric field, followed by the relaxation to valance band via interlayer or intralayer transition. All these findings can indicate the promising potential of vdW PdSe 2 /WS 2 heterostructures for next‐generation high‐performance optoelectronics.
Statisticsfor anesthesiologists and researchers (2011)

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High speed hybrid silicon modulators and switches (2012)

We review recent research on III-V-on-Si modulators and switches for 40 Gb/s and potential 100 Gb/s applications.
New aspects for low cost energy by inertial fusion using petawatt lasers. (2007)

The prospect of generating clean, safe, virtually unlimited, universally accessible and low cost energy from nuclear fusion has cost many billions of dollars over the last fifty years.The aim is to confine the hydrogen isotopes deuterium (D) and tritium (T) and hold them in this state for a sufficient length of time at temperatures of dozens of million degrees for the nuclei to fuse into helium.The predominant method used is the confinement of the reacting plasma by magnetic fields (MCF, magnetic confinement fusion) or confinement by the inertia of a fuel pellet after extremely fast heating and compression such that much more fusion energy is produced than one needed for this ignition (ICF, intertial confinement fusion).Prospects for such processes are reviewed.
Combined single-path routing and flow control in many-user region: a case for nash efficiency (2007)

We consider the problem of combined singlepath routing and flow control, which is nonconvex and NPhard to solve exactly. We focus on the “many-user” region, i.e. large networks that have far more users than bottleneck links, which is close to real network scenarios. We first show that by allowing a proportionally small number of users to use multipath routing, while keeping the remaining majority using single-path routing, results in a solution that achieves multipath optimality. Therefore it is conceptually plausible that in the many-user region a local algorithm can achieve solutions arbitrarily close to the optimal solution. To show this is indeed correct, we focus on the solutions brought out by the simplest local algorithm, the Nash algorithm. We first examine a special type of network and show that the Nash equilibrium exists and the Nash algorithm always converges. It is then shown that the ‘price of anarchy’, that is the gap between the worst Nash equilibrium and the social optimum, is bounded when the number of users goes to infinity. For general networks, it is not known whether there exists a Nash equilibrium. We introduce the concept of approximate Nash equilibrium, show its existence, and prove that it will be arbitrary close to the social optimum when the number of users is sufficiently large.
Field-enhanced route to generating anti-Frenkel pairs in HfO2 (2018)

The generation of anti-Frenkel pairs (oxygen vacancies and oxygen interstitials) in monoclinic and cubic ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ under an applied electric field is examined. A thermodynamic model is used to derive an expression for the critical field strength required to generate an anti-Frenkel pair. The critical field strength of ${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{aF}}^{\mathrm{cr}}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{GVm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ obtained for ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ exceeds substantially the field strengths routinely employed in the forming and switching operations of resistive switching ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ devices, suggesting that field-enhanced defect generation is negligible. Atomistic simulations with molecular static (MS) and molecular dynamic (MD) approaches support this finding. The MS calculations indicated a high formation energy of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{E}_{\mathrm{aF}}\ensuremath{\approx}8\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ for the infinitely separated anti-Frenkel pair, and only a decrease to $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{E}_{\mathrm{aF}}\ensuremath{\approx}6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ for the adjacent anti-Frenkel pair. The MD simulations showed no defect generation in either phase for $\mathcal{E}&lt;3\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{GVm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and only sporadic defect generation in the monoclinic phase (at $\mathcal{E}=3\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{GVm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ with fast $({t}_{\mathrm{rec}}&lt;4\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps})$ recombination. At even higher $\mathcal{E}$ but below ${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{aF}}^{\mathrm{cr}}$ both monoclinic and cubic structures became unstable as a result of field-induced deformation of the ionic potential wells. Further MD investigations starting with preexisting anti-Frenkel pairs revealed recombination of all pairs within ${t}_{\mathrm{rec}}&lt;1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$, even for the case of neutral vacancies and charged interstitials, for which formally there is no electrostatic attraction between the defects. In conclusion, we find no physically reasonable route to generating point-defects in ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ by an applied field.
Preliminary Study on the Application of the Python Language as a Tool for the Randomization of Laboratory Experiments: a Short Course at ConBraPA 2020 (2021)

Digitization, network operation and an emphasis on data become the main attributes of smarter production, the core of a phenomenon declared as Industry 4.0, or the fourth industrial revolution, or even the fourth technological era. Amid the revolution of the fourth technological age that occurs in our society, the demand for professionals with programming skills stands out. A first challenge in this context concerns how to train professional programmers, in a current, effective, and versatile programming language. A second challenge concerns how to provide this professional with a useful programming base for experimental planning and data analysis, already integrating his programming learning with experimental planning theory. In line with these challenges, a Python language computer programming course was developed with application in the context of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The objective of this work is to present and discuss the short course, its construction methodology, and the results of this short course, which took place at the 1st Brazilian Conference on Experimental Planning and Data Analysis (ConBraPa 2020). The main results were: (i) participants learnt about basic programming logic, (ii) participants learnt about using basic instructions in the Python programming language, (iii) participants learnt how to create a randomized experimental sketch in the context of CRD using Python, (iv) elaboration of a specific short course construction methodology. It is noteworthy that, through evaluation with a questionnaire, it was possible to conclude that 100% of the participants in the short course who answered the questionnaire evaluated the short course as beneficial.
Simulation of a Linear Generator for Wave Power Absorption -Part II : Verification (2007)

This thesis is focused on development of models and modelling of a wave energy converter in operation. Through the thesis linear potential wave theory has been used to describe the wave-buoy interaction. The differences lie in the generator models, in the simplest model the generator is a mechanical damper characterized by a damping factor. In the most advanced generator model the magnetic fields is calculated the by a FE-method, which gives detailed description of the electric properties and the effect it has on the buoy dynamics. Moreover, an equivalent circuit description of the generator has been tested. It has the same accuracy as the field based model but with a strongly enhanced CPU time. All models are verified against full scale experiments. The models are intended to be used for design of the next generation wave energy converters. Further, the developed models have also been used to study what effect buoy geometry and generator damping have on the ability to energy absorption. In the spring 2006 a full scale wave energy converter was installed at the west coast of Sweden. It was in operation and collected data during three months. During that period the load resistance was varied in order to study the effect on the energy absorption. These collected data was then used in the verification of the developed models. In the year 2002 a wave energy project started at Uppsala University; this work is a part of that larger project which intendeds to develop a viable wave energy conversion concept.
The synthesis and crystal structure of (La(OHz)5(phen)2)Cl3 9 4H20 9 phen (1994)

[La(OHz)5(phen)2]C134H_,O.phen is centric, Pnna, with a = 19.946(7), b = 16.458(5), c = 12.207(4),A, and Doric = 1.57 g cm -3 for Z = 4. The La(III) ion resides on a crystallographic twofold axis and is coordinated to four nitrogen atoms (from two phen molecules) and five water molecules resulting in a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. An uncoordinated phen molecule, two chloride anions, and four uncoordinated water molecules are hydrogen bonded to the coordinated water molecules. The coordinated and uncoordinated phen molecules 7r-stack diagonally through the unit cell.
Aerosol emissions and gravity waves of Taal volcano (2022)

Abstract The Taal volcano (14.0 N, 121.0 E) in Philippines erupted in January–February 2020, with a part of aerosols drifted northward and detected by a lidar system at Kaohsiung city (22.37 N, 120.15 E), Taiwan. The aerosol observed on Feb 11 is special for its high-altitude distributions at 4–7 km with discrete structures which can be resolved into a sinusoidal oscillation of ~ 30 min period, suggesting a case of wave event caused by the eruptions. We report in this paper the gravity wave generated by the volcanic eruptions and its effects on aerosol emissions. By studying the temperature and pressure data in the Taal region using radiosonde data, we found atmospheric gravity waves with powers correlated with the optical thickness (AOD) at 550 nm measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite. This study presents the first observation of modulation of the aerosol emissions by the volcanic gravity waves and a case of coupling of dynamics and chemistry.
Supplementary Figure 8 from RapidCaP, a Novel GEM Model for Metastatic Prostate Cancer Analysis and Therapy, Reveals Myc as a Driver of <i>Pten</i>-Mutant Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 63K, JQ1 suppresses Myc transcription in RapidCaP prostates and lymph nodes&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical Usefulness and Limitations of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in the Evaluation of Cardiovascular Complications in Hypertensive Patients (2006)

The goal of this study was to clarify the clinical usefulness and limitations of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) to evaluate hypertensive complications, in comparison with carotid-femoral PWV. Patients with essential hypertension (n=296, male/female=161/135; age=61.1+/-0.7 years) were enrolled. We measured brachial-ankle PWV, femoral-ankle PWV and carotid-femoral PWV simultaneously, and evaluated target organ damage and associated clinical conditions (cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease) using the World Health Organization classification modified in 1999. Carotid-femoral PWV (p<0.0001; r=0.521) and brachial-ankle PWV (p<0.0001; r=0.478) but not femoral-ankle PWV were significantly correlated with age. Carotid-femoral PWV was significantly higher in patients with associated clinical conditions compared with that in patients with target organ damage (p<0.05) and those with no complications (p<0.0001). Brachial-ankle PWV was significantly higher in patients with associated clinical conditions (p<0.05) and target organ damage (p<0.05) compared to those with no complications, but there was no significant difference in brachial-ankle PWV between these two groups. Moreover, femoral-ankle PWV was significantly lower in patients with associated clinical conditions compared with that in patients with target organ damage (p<0.05). These data suggest that brachial-ankle PWV could underestimate arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients with a history of cardiovascular events.
Low-resistance submicron CVD W interlevel via plugs on Al-Cu-Si (2003)

The most critical issues of interfacial contact between CVD (chemical vapor deposition) W and Al-Cu-Si in submicron vias using SiH/sub 4/ and H/sub 2/ reduction of WF/sub 6/ are addressed. The effect of process parameters of selective CVD W, especially when deposited by SiH/sub 4/-based chemistry, on contact resistance to Al-Cu-Si is evaluated for the first time. It is observed that out of all process parameters the deposition temperature affects the contact resistance the most. As the deposition temperature increases, the contact resistance of the stack W/Al-Cu-Si decreases. Specific resistivities, as low as 3-5*10/sup -9/ Omega cm/sup 2/, are realized at turret temperatures of 550 degrees C. On the other hand, the contact resistances are relatively unaffected by partial pressures of SiH/sub 4/ or WF/sub 6/. As a result the growth rates which are dependent on partial pressures do not control the contact resistances. Phosphoric-chromic and buffered hydrofluoric acid cleanings combined with higher deposition temperatures yield relatively superior contact resistance compared to other cleaning techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Joint Source Selection and Data Extrapolation in Social Sensing for Disaster Response (2015)

This paper complements the large body of social sensing literature by developing means for augmenting sensing data with inference results that "fill-in" missing pieces. It specifically explores the synergy between (i) inference techniques used for filling-in missing pieces and (ii) source selection techniques used to determine which pieces to retrieve in order to improve inference results. We focus on prediction in disaster scenarios, where disruptive trend changes occur. We first discuss our previous conference study that compared a set of prediction heuristics and developed a hybrid prediction algorithm. We then enhance the prediction scheme by considering algorithms for sensor selection that improve inference quality. Our proposed source selection and extrapolation algorithms are tested using data collected during the New York City crisis in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in November 2012. The evaluation results show that consistently good predictions are achieved. The work is notable for addressing the bi-modal nature of damage propagation in complex systems subjected to stress, where periods of calm are interspersed with periods of severe change. It is novel in offering a new solution to the problem that jointly leverages source selection and extrapolation components thereby improving the results.
Orphanin‐FQ/nociceptin: Lack of antinociceptive, hyperalgesic or allodynic effects in acute thermal or mechanical tests following intracerebroventricular or intrathecal administration to mice or rats (1998)

A recent review calls attention to the discrepant results resulting from studies that have examined the nociceptive or antinociceptive properties of orphanin-FQ/nociceptin (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly-Ala-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-ArgLys-Leu-Ala-Asn-Gln; OFQ/N), the heptadecapeptide isolated from rat (nociceptin) and pig (orphanin FQ) brain that binds with high affinity to the opioid 'orphan' receptor (a seven transmembrane protein with sequence homology to opioid receptors), but exhibits only low affinity binding with conventional opioid ligands. Some of the discrepancy might result from differences in species, test, route of administration or time-course. We undertook a comprehensive examination of the effects of spinal (i.t.) or supraspinal (i.c.v.) administration of OFQ/N in mice and rats. Mice treated with OFQ/N either i.t. or i.c.v. demonstrated no significant nociceptive effect in the hot plate, warm-water or radiant heat tail-flick tests (except for the highest and most sedative dose of 10 nmol i.c.v. in the mouse warm-water tail-flick test). Pretreatment with the opioid antagonist naloxone or with peptidase inhibitors did not enhance the nociceptive effects of OFQ/N peptide in the warm-water tail-flick test. The motor activity in mice administered OFQ/N i.c.v. decreased significantly compared to controls. Rats administered i.c.v. or i.t. OFQ/N displayed no significant difference from vehicle-treated animals in similar noxious stimulus tests and OFQ/N-treated rats did not exhibit allodynia in a paw-withdrawal test. Overall, OFQ/N was ineffective in significantly altering response to noxious stimuli, regardless of whether the peptide was given at supraspinal or spinal sites in mice or in rats. In addition, i.c.v. or i.t. application of antisense or mismatch ODN to the orphan receptor did not modify tail-flick latency in either mice or rats, arguing against a tonic nociceptive tone mediated via the OFQ/N receptor.