gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LOX-1, oxidant stress, mtDNA damage, autophagy, and immune response in atherosclerosis (2014)

As a major receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is upregulated in many pathophysiological events, including endothelial cell dysfunction and smooth muscle cell growth, as well as monocyte migration and transformation into foam cells, which are present in atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases LOX-1 expression, induces mitochondrial DNA damage, and activates autophagy. Damaged mitochondrial DNA that escapes from autophagy induces an inflammatory response. This paper reviews the potential link between LOX-1, mitochondrial DNA damage, autophagy, and immune response in atherosclerosis.
Light transmittance range of glass for visual comfort in an office environment (2011)

ABSTRACT ‘Nothing is as variable as the weather’ is a well-known Dutch expression demonstrating the instability of the Dutch climate and as a consequence the daylight availability. In rapidly changing climate conditions, a non-adjustable, structural shading device is unsuitable. Therefore a system that blocks the direct sunlight when necessary without obstructing the diffuse daylight next to keeping view intact would be the best solution, both for user comfort as for energy consumption. A glazing system with a rapidly adjustable transmittance might be a good solution for such climate. Smart Energy Glass (SEG), a glazing system being developed by Peer+ can quickly switch between two light transmittance values (max. range of 30%). The research question of this project was to determine, based on users comfort, these two values. An experimental set-up was made in the laboratory of Building Physics and Systems group with five identical rooms. All rooms were equipped with an equal sized daylight opening; four rooms had a different light transmittance (0.08, 0.25, 0.52, and 0.70). The fifth was the reference room and had normal glass with a transmittance of 0.70. During summer, autumn, and winter, the same 24 healthy test-persons (age 23±4 years) participated in the tests. By filling out a questionnaire regarding comfort, preferred transmittances and lighting situation under different daylight conditions was determined. The test people considered their working condition as comfortable with horizontal illuminance on the workplace of at least 267 lx. Regarding visual comfort, window luminance values of 6500 cd/m² were still accepted by the subjects, and glare was barely experienced or indicated. It could be concluded that during measurements with sunlight on the façade, the test space with a transmittance of 0.25 was mostly evaluated for its good lighting by daylight. During measurements without sun, the test spaces with a transmittance of 0.52 and 0.70 were mostly positively evaluated for their good lighting by daylight. In the summer period, transmittances of 0.25 and 0.52 were most preferred by the subjects. This also applies for sunny days in the autumn. During overcast days in the autumn and during winter, there was a desire for higher light transmission. Taken into account the maximum range of 30%, a transmittance range between 0.40 - 0.70 most users are satisfied with the lighting by daylight namely at least 71% of the time, up to 89% of the time.
Phase I Development of an Aesthetic, Precast Concrete Bridge Rail (2012)

Precast concrete bridge rail systems offer several advantages over traditional cast-in-place rail designs, including reduced construction time and costs, installation in a wide range of environmental conditions, easier maintenance and repair, improved railing quality, and greater flexibility for aesthetic treatments. The objective of this project was to develop a precast concrete bridge rail system that met the TL-4 impact safety standards provided in MASH. The design criteria for the new bridge rail system included criteria for barrier geometry, provisions for open and closed rail options, constructability, weight limitations, segment length, design impact loads, connection of barrier segments, and connection to the bridge deck among other factors. The research effort proceeded in several phases. First, the research focused on determining the overall concept for the new bridge rail system in terms of the rail configuration and geometry as well as the required barrier reinforcement. Next, design concepts for the joints connecting adjacent rail segments were designed and subjected to dynamic component testing in order to select a design capable of meeting design criteria for the precast bridge rail system. After selection of an appropriate rail joint, the researchers developed connection details for the attachment of the rail to the bridge deck. Once the design of the various precast bridge rail components was completed, a complete set of CAD details for the prototype precast concrete bridge rail system were completed. Following the design effort, recommendations were made regarding the full-scale testing required to implement the new, precast concrete bridge rail system.
Effect of O3 on Growth of Pt by Atomic Layer Deposition (2014)

The growth characteristics of Pt deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with methylcyclopentadienyltrimethylplatinum (MeCpPtMe3) and O3 are studied both experimentally and by modeling. The growth rate of Pt ALD using O3 is higher than that using either air or O2 counter reactants. In addition, a low deposition temperature of 150 °C for the deposition of metallic Pt using O3 is obtained. To investigate the role of O3 during initial growth, Pt is deposited on O3-pretreated SiO2 using air as the counter reactant. Pt deposited in this way on O3-pretreated SiO2 shows a rapid increase of surface coverage, which is similar to Pt ALD using O3 and different from Pt ALD using air on untreated SiO2. From the modeling study, it is found that pretreating the surface with O3 increases the steady state nucleation rate and decreases the nucleation incubation time on the SiO2 surface, the same phenomena which are believed to occur during the initial growth of ALD Pt using O3 counter reactant.
Support vector regression in NIST SRE 2008 multichannel core task (2008)

This paper explores two alternatives for speaker verification using Generalized Linear Discriminant Sequence (GLDS) kernel: classical Support Vector Classification (SVC), and Support Vector Regression (SVR), recently proposed by the authors as a more robust approach for telephone speech. In this work we address a more challenging environment, the NIST SRE 2008 multichannel core task, where strong mismatch is introduced by the use of different microphones and recordings from interviews. Channel compensation based in Nuisance Attribute Projection (NAP) has also been investigated in order to analyze its impact for both approaches. Experiments show that, although both techniques show a significant improvement over SVC-GLDS when NAP is used, SVR is also robust to channel mismatch even when channel compensation is not used. This avoids the need of a considerable set of training data adapted to the operational scenario, whose availability is not frequent in general. Results show a similar performance for SVR-GLDS without NAP and SVC-GLDS with NAP. Moreover, SVR-GLDS results are promising, since other configurations and methods for channel compensation can further improve performance.
An Image Is Worth More than a Thousand Favorites: Surfacing the Hidden \nBeauty of Flickr Pictures (2015)

The dynamics of attention in social media tend to obey power laws.Attention concentrates on a relatively small number of popular items and neglecting the vast majority of content produced by the crowd.Although popularity can be an indication of the perceived value of an item within its community, previous research has hinted to the fact that popularity is distinct from intrinsic quality.As a result, content with low visibility but high quality lurks in the tail of the popularity distribution.This phenomenon can be particularly evident in the case of photo-sharing communities, where valuable photographers who are not highly engaged in online social interactions contribute with high-quality pictures that remain unseen.We propose to use a computer vision method to surface beautiful pictures from the immense pool of near-zero-popularity items, and we test it on a large dataset of creative-commons photos on Flickr.By gathering a large crowdsourced ground truth of aesthetics scores for Flickr images, we show that our method retrieves photos whose median perceived beauty score is equal to the most popular ones, and whose average is lower by only 1.5%.
A new quinoline-based chemical probe inhibits the autophagy-related cysteine protease ATG4B (2018)

The cysteine protease ATG4B is a key component of the autophagy machinery, acting to proteolytically prime and recycle its substrate MAP1LC3B. The roles of ATG4B in cancer and other diseases appear to be context dependent but are still not well understood. To help further explore ATG4B functions and potential therapeutic applications, we employed a chemical biology approach to identify ATG4B inhibitors. Here, we describe the discovery of 4-28, a styrylquinoline identified by a combined computational modeling, in silico screening, high content cell-based screening and biochemical assay approach. A structure-activity relationship study led to the development of a more stable and potent compound LV-320. We demonstrated that LV-320 inhibits ATG4B enzymatic activity, blocks autophagic flux in cells, and is stable, non-toxic and active in vivo. These findings suggest that LV-320 will serve as a relevant chemical tool to study the various roles of ATG4B in cancer and other contexts.
Antibody-mediated targeting of CD45 isoforms: A novel immunotherapeutic strategy (1998)

CD45 is a family of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases exclusively expressed by hematopoietic cells and critically involved in the regulation of T cell activation signals. We now demonstrate that three 100-microg doses of anti-CD45RB mAb MB23G2 can induce long-term engraftment of islets into major histcompatibility complex-disparate chemically diabetic mice. Long-term graft survivors (>120 days) were tolerant to new islet allografts from the original donor strain. MB23G2 induced a temporary decrease in number circulating leukocytes but had no effect on leukocyte number in other lymphoid compartments. Histologic examination of allografts from treated and untreated recipients revealed a similar peri-islet infiltration on day 6. Eleven days after transplant, the peri-islet infiltrate in treated animals persisted, but in marked contrast to untreated control animals, there was no insulitis and islet integrity was preserved. The peri-islet infiltrate from treated animals showed a mild increase in CD4 cells, a decrease in CD8 cells, and decreased intensity of CD45RB expression. Treatment of naive animals with anti-CD45RB (MB23G2) resulted in a shift in CD45 isoform expression on T cells with a loss of higher molecular weight isoforms and increased expression of lower molecular weight (CD45R0) isoform. This shift in CD45 isoform expression from CD45RBHi to CD45RBLo was associated with an increase in the intragraft expression of transcripts for interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-10, consistent with the expected activity of this distinct immunoregulatory T cell subset. Antibody-mediated targeting of CD45 may induce tolerance through novel mechanisms and have direct applicability to clinical transplantation in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural‐Abundance Two‐Dimensional Solid‐State 29Si NMR Investigations of Three‐Dimensional Lattice Connectivities in Zeolite Structures. (1990)

Abstract The 3D lattice connectivities in zeolites ZSM‐12 and KZ‐2 are studied by natural‐abundance 29 Si/29Si COSY and INADEQUATE 2D NMR experiments.
Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 85. Facile Preparation and Chemical Transformations of Spirocyclopropane‐Anellated Heterocycles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Therapeutic Potential of AN-7, a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, for Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome Alone or with Doxorubicin (2016)

The 2 histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) including mycosis fungoides/sezary syndrome (MF/SS), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and romidepsin, are associated with low rates of overall response and high rates of adverse effects. Data regarding combination treatments with HDACIs is sparse. Butyroyloxymethyl diethylphosphate (AN-7) is a novel HDACI, which was found to have selective anticancer activity in several cell lines and animal models. The aim of this study was to compare the anticancer effects of AN-7 and SAHA, either alone or combined with doxorubicin, on MF/SS cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with Sezary syndrome (SPBL). MyLa cells, Hut78 cells, SPBL, and PBL from healthy normal individuals (NPBL) were exposed to the test drugs, and the findings were analyzed by a viability assay, an apoptosis assay, and Western blot. AN-7 was more selectively toxic to MyLa cells, Hut78 cells, and SPBL (relative to NPBL) than SAHA and also acted more rapidly. Both drugs induced apoptosis in MF/SS cell lines, SAHA had a greater effect on MyLa cell line, while AN-7 induced greater apoptosis in SPBL; both caused an accumulation of acetylated histone H3, but AN-7 was associated with earlier kinetics; and both caused a downregulation of the HDAC1 protein in MF/SS cell lines. AN-7 acted synergistically with doxorubicin in both MF/SS cell lines and SPBL, and antagonistically with doxorubicin in NPBL. By contrast, SAHA acted antagonistically with doxorubicin on MF/SS cell lines, SPBL, and NPBL, leaving <50% viable cells. In conclusion, AN-7 holds promise as a therapeutic agent in MF/SS and has several advantages over SAHA. Our data provide a rationale for combining AN-7, but not SAHA, with doxorubicin to induce the cell death in MF/SS.
Curative and β cell regenerative effects of α1-antitrypsin treatment in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice (2008)

Invasive insulitis is a destructive T cell-dependent autoimmune process directed against insulin-producing beta cells that is central to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans and the clinically relevant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Few therapies have succeeded in restoring long-term, drug-free euglycemia and immune tolerance to beta cells in overtly diabetic NOD mice, and none have demonstrably enabled enlargement of the functional beta cell mass. Recent studies have emphasized the impact of inflammatory cytokines on the commitment of antigen-activated T cells to various effector or regulatory T cell phenotypes and insulin resistance and defective insulin signaling. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that inflammatory mechanisms trigger insulitis, insulin resistance, faulty insulin signaling, and the loss of immune tolerance to islets. We demonstrate that treatment with alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), an agent that dampens inflammation, does not directly inhibit T cell activation, ablates invasive insulitis, and restores euglycemia, immune tolerance to beta cells, normal insulin signaling, and insulin responsiveness in NOD mice with recent-onset T1DM through favorable changes in the inflammation milieu. Indeed, the functional mass of beta cells expands in AAT-treated diabetic NOD mice.
Dynamically tunable wavelength spacing multi wavelength ring laser using a programmable DGD module as the intra-cavity filter (2003)

We demonstrate a multiwavelength fiber laser whose channel spacing can be dynamically and continuously tuned using a programmable magneto-optic-based DGD module as the intra-cavity optical filter. Channel spacing ranging from 0.4 nm to 1.6 nm is achieved.
Irreversible Thermodynamic Bound for the Efficiency of Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

Energy-efficient lighting is an important goal, but what is the ultimate limit that we can expect from our technology, and how close are we? Thermodynamic analyses of LED efficiency have been discussed in the reversible case. Incorporating the concept of passive optical extraction, the authors propose an $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}b\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$ model for LED operation, for a more realistic view of theoretical efficiency. Even so, the maximum wall-plug efficiency is $u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}b\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d$ as emission intensity diminishes, and in the range useful for indoor lighting, output can significantly exceed the electrical input power, as the LED cools the room while it shines.
Quantitative measurement of the moisture content in thin films (2002)

A description is given of the modification and application of a moisture evolution analyzer to quantitatively measure the moisture content of thin-film dielectrics used in VLSI manufacture. The development of computerized acquisition of moisture, temperature, and time data permits adsorbed water to be distinguished from more tightly bound absorbed water. The incorporation of a computer-driven temperature controller and a 7-in.-diameter crucible furnace allows the moisture evolution characteristics of thin films on 150-mm-diameter wafers to be studied under a wide variety of temperature cycles and ramps up to 1000 degrees C. Studies of thermal oxides, plasma oxides, spin-on-glass, and CVD doped and undoped oxides show moisture contents from less than 0.01 wt.% to in excess of 10 wt.% water, demonstrating the sensitivity and range of the technique. The results for borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) thin films as a function of doping levels are presented. The moisture in these films was found to be partitioned approximately equally between adsorbed and absorbed moisture. As the doping levels (wt.%B/wt.%P) were varied from 0/4.2 to 2.5/3.8, the moisture content varied by 30%. The effects of low-temperature heat treatments and alternative deposition chemistries are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carbon doped SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor module suitable for integration in a deep submicron CMOS process (2002)

The incorporation of low concentrations of carbon (<10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/) into the SiGe region of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) can significantly suppress boron outdiffusion caused by subsequent processing steps. This effect can be described by coupled diffusion of carbon atoms and Si point defects. We discuss the increase in performance and process margins in SiGe heterojunction bipolar technology by adding carbon. SiGe:C HBTs demonstrate excellent static parameters, exceeding the performance of state-of-the-art SiGe HBTs. C also enhances the high frequency performance, because it allows one to use a high B doping level in a very thin SiGe base layer without outdiffusion from SiGe, even if applying post-epitaxial implants and anneals. Finally, we demonstrate the first modular integration of SiGe:C HBTs into a 0.25 /spl mu/m, epi-free, dual-gate CMOS platform.
Enhanced synthesis and stabilization of Mr 68,000 protein in transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells: candidate for restriction point control of cell growth. (1983)

We have proposed that transformation of cells to tumorigenicity by chemical carcinogens can depend upon stabilization of a protein responsible for growth regulation. Cell kinetic experiments in which normal and benzo[a]pyrene-transformed BALB/c-3T3 cells were pulsed with cycloheximide indicated this protein should have a half-life of a few hours in normal cells and be considerably more stable in transformed cells [Campisi, J., Medrano, E. E., Morreo, G. & Pardee, A. B. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 436-440]. A protein with these properties has not yet been reported. We have searched for such a protein using two-dimensional electrophoresis to resolve protein from cells labeled with [35S]methionine. Among approximately 1,000 proteins that were resolved in these gels, we have found one that has a greater rate of synthesis and stability in benzo[a]pyrene-transformed than in untransformed cells. This result satisfies a necessary prediction of our labile protein hypothesis. We suggest that this protein could be important in determining the loss of growth regulation in these tumor cells.
Electroluminescence characteristics of blue InGaN quantum wells onm-plane GaN “double miscut” substrates (2015)

InxGa1−xN quantum wells (QWs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on bulk m-plane GaN substrates with surface miscut −1° toward [0001] ("−1° c-miscut") currently suffer from low indium uptake and broad luminescence linewidth in the blue spectrum. New surface "double miscuts" with miscut components in the combined a- and c-directions exhibit more uniform step flow growth in homoepitaxy than coloaded −1° c-miscut substrates. QWs grown on double miscut surfaces exhibit reproducibly higher indium uptake, narrower and more symmetric electroluminescence lineshapes in the blue spectrum, and higher output power at the peak wavelength than those grown on −1° c-miscut surfaces.
Sub-10-fs mirror-dispersion-controlled Ti:sapphire laser (1995)

We demonstrate the generation of nearly bandwidth-limited 8-fs optical pulses near 0.8 microm from a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser oscillator, using chirped dielectric mirrors for dispersion control. The mode-locking performance is described, and limitations are discussed.
Discriminative cluster adaptive training (2006)

Multiple-cluster schemes, such as cluster adaptive training (CAT) or eigenvoice systems, are a popular approach for rapid speaker and environment adaptation. Interpolation weights are used to transform a multiple-cluster, canonical, model to a standard hidden Markov model (HMM) set representative of an individual speaker or acoustic environment. Maximum likelihood training for CAT has previously been investigated. However, in state-of-the-art large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems, discriminative training is commonly employed. This paper investigates applying discriminative training to multiple-cluster systems. In particular, minimum phone error (MPE) update formulae for CAT systems are derived. In order to use MPE in this case, modifications to the standard MPE smoothing function and the prior distribution associated with MPE training are required. A more complex adaptive training scheme combining both interpolation weights and linear transforms, a structured transform (ST), is also discussed within the MPE training framework. Discriminatively trained CAT and ST systems were evaluated on a state-of-the-art conversational telephone speech task. These multiple-cluster systems were found to outperform both standard and adaptively trained systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Lycopodium Alkaloids Magellanine and Magellaninone by Three‐fold Annulation of 2‐Cyclopentenone. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.