gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-Duplex Communications and Networks (2017)

Learn about the key technologies and understand the state of the art in research for full-duplex communication networks and systems with this comprehensive and interdisciplinary guide. Incorporating physical, MAC, network, and application layer perspectives, it explains the fundamental theories on which full-duplex communications are built, and lays out the techniques needed for network design, analysis and optimization. Techniques covered in detail include self-interference cancellation and signal processing algorithms, physical layer algorithms, methods for efficient resource allocation, and game theory. Potential applications and networking schemes are discussed, including full-duplex cognitive radio networks, cooperative networks, and heterogeneous networks. The first book to focus exclusively on full-duplex communications, this is an indispensable reference for both researchers and practitioners designing the next generation of wireless networks.
Enabling High Aspect Ratio 3D NAND Scaling through Deposition and Etch Co-Optimization (DECO) (2022)

Over the past decade, the demands for 3D NAND flash memory devices have been increased tremendously due to ever growing digital economics in consumer electronics, data centers, IOT, healthcare and automotive industries. The growth is further accelerated during the recent Covid period. The industry was able to keep up the scaling roadmap by stacking more memory cell in vertical direction to realize higher bit density at reducing cost per Gig-bit. Unlike devices scaling via feature size reduction, 3D NAND flash vertical stack scaling puts challenges mostly on film deposition and etch. Among many steps, high aspect ratio (HAR) ONON channel hole formation modules remained the most critical steps. Forming billions of perfect channel holes from top to bottom without distortion and twisting is the grand challenge. Besides individual etch and deposition module optimization, deposition and etch Co-optimization (DECO) could provide new opportunities. In this paper, we will present a summary of the recent progress in the approaches and the benefits of DECO as potential pathways to overcome the HAR ONON patterning. We will discuss the ONON Tier Optimization for profile control to reduce the top bowing and enlarge the bottom CD. We will introduce a sacrificial liner approach to prevent top CD enlargement at deeper etch depth. We will also discuss new mask materials for better etch selectivity and profile control to enable the scaling roadmap.
Calculation of Heat Flux Integral Length Scales from Spatially-Resolved Surface Temperature Measurements in an Engine (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Instantaneous heat flux rates were measured in a spark ignited CFR engine. A new heat flux probe was used which had seven thin film platinum resistance thermometers, spaced 1 mm apart, on a Macor substrate. Instantaneous heat flux was measured at each sensor location and the integral length scale of heat flux was calculated from the spatial cross correlation data. A swirl flow condition was generated by use of a shrouded intake valve, and tumble flow was created by rotating the shrouded valve 90°. An unshrouded valve gave a more quiescent flow condition.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Under motoring conditions, peak heat flux was 70% higher for swirl flow conditions than quiescent flow conditions, and the total heat rejected during the closed portion of the cycle was 50% higher with the swirl flow than the quiescent flow. The peak heat flux for swirl flow compared to tumble flow was 30% higher and the total heat rejection was 10% greater. Heat flux integral length scales near TDC of compression were on the order of 1 mm and were greater for swirl flows than for either the tumble flow or the quiescent flow.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The heat flux integral length scale did not change for a change in compression ratio from 10 to 6, corresponding to a change in TDC clearance height from 12 mm to 22 mm.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion had the effect of increasing the heat flux integral length scale over the unburned case. It is reasoned that the increased viscosity of the burned gases caused preferential dissipation of the shorter length scales.&lt;/div&gt;
UV-exposure experiments for the Solar Probe Plus array (2013)

NASA's Solar Probe Plus (SPP) will travel closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft. During its 7-year, 24-orbit mission, SPP will make scientific measurements of the solar corona, reaching minimum perihelion at ~9.5 solar radii (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ) from the center of the Sun. The solar array wings powering the spacecraft will operate under wide-ranging temperature and irradiance conditions, of 0 to 27×AM0 and -70 to +160°C nominally, with transient off-nominal survivability required up to 80×AM0. Over the mission duration, portions of the array may accumulate a total of over 200,000 sun hours. To properly size the array, its performance must be quantified through end-of-life, with the greatest uncertainty coming from our understanding of UV-induced degradation at high irradiance and high temperature (HIHT). The array's short-term ability to function with no measurable degradation at the peak irradiances expected at 9.5 R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> has already been demonstrated with adequate margin on small-scale but otherwise flight-like test articles. However over 90% of the mission time will be spent by the array operating at relatively more moderate irradiances at or below 10×AM0. This paper gives an overview of results from two SPP-specific HIHT UV-exposure experiments we have performed at ~10×AM0, over durations of ~1000 hours each. The first experiment was performed in the facilities of the Boeing Radiation Effects Laboratory in Kent, WA, and it focused on the dependence of UV-induced array performance degradation on the choice of materials used in fabricating the coverglass-interconnect-cell (CIC) assemblies, at a fixed temperature of ~180°C. The second experiment was performed in the facilities of the JAXA Inner Planetary test laboratory in Sagamihara, Japan, and its focus was on measuring the temperature dependence of UV-induced array performance degradation between 120 and 240°C.
The Tourette's Disorder Scale (TODS) (2003)

To address the lack of a simple and standardized instrument to assess overall illness severity of Tourette's disorder (TD), the authors developed and tested a 15-item scale to measure a broad range of common symptoms including tics, inattention, hyperactivity, obsessions, compulsions, aggression, and emotional symptoms. Independent investigators used the 15-item Tourette's Disorder Scale (TODS) to assess 60 TD patients who were taking part in a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter 8-week treatment study. Interrater reliability, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and sensitivity to change were examined. The TODS was associated with good interrater reliability, excellent internal consistency, and favorable levels of validity and sensitivity to change. Individual TODS items showed good convergent and discriminant validity against other measures. The TODS is a simple, efficient way for clinicians and parents to rate the severity of multiple symptoms commonly found in patients with Tourette's disorder.
Apodized SSFBG Encoder/Decoder for 40G-OCDMA-PON system (2013)

We will present a special class of apodized SSFBG encoder/decoder which generates multi-level PSK code for 40G-OCDMA-PON. Our proposed apodization profile has improved the variability of BER performance that depends on each optical code patterns.
Sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibition in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: rationale for and design of the EMPULSE trial (2021)

The EMPULSE trial will evaluate the clinical benefit and safety of empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for AHF.
Optical coherence tomography as a tool for percutaneous coronary interventions (2005)

This study was performed to demonstrate the ability of intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify characteristic vascular responses to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). OCT provides cross-sectional images of tissue in situ at approximately 10 microm, rendering detailed structural information. Intravascular ultrasound and OCT images were obtained from 10 patients before and after PCI. Images were evaluated to identify balloon-induced dissections/disruptions, thrombus, cutting balloon-induced vascular changes, tissue protrusion, stent apposition and symmetry, and intimal hyperplasia. The disrupted intima, intraluminal thrombus, depth of balloon-induced dissections, cutting balloon cuts, tissue prolapse, underdeployed struts, and intimal hyperplasia were all noticed with OCT. This is the first report of the use of OCT to identify in vivo human intracoronary pathology after PCI.
Steroids in Relation to Epilepsy and Anaesthesia (2007)

Increasing numbers of reports indicate direct effects of ovarian steroids on the central nervous system. Effects of progesterone and its metabolites on brain excitability in humans and in experimental animals have been studied. Anti-epileptic effects have been shown in cats and in women with partial epilepsy and well-defined epileptic foci. The reduced progesterone metabolite 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one and its 5 beta analogue also decreased the epileptic activity resulting from a penicillin-induced cortical focus in cats. 5 alpha-Pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one protected mice against metrazol-, bicuculline- and picrotoxin-induced seizures but not against electroshock-and strychnine-induced seizures. Progesterone, 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one and 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one also induce anaesthesia in humans and animals; in a rat model of anaesthesia 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one was eight times more potent than methohexitone (the most potent anaesthetic barbiturate). Anaesthesia with loss of the eyelash reflex was observed in humans 75-90 seconds after the intravenous injection of 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one in lipid emulsion. The in vivo production and brain distribution of centrally active steroids has also been studied in relation to the phases of the ovarian and menstrual cycle. A subset of women with epilepsy show changes in seizure frequency in relation to hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle. In the luteal phase when progesterone levels are high the number of generalized seizures is low. It is possible that progesterone and its metabolites play a role in epileptic seizures and also in the premenstrual syndrome.
Contribution of the Adenine Base to the Activity of Adenophostin A Investigated Using a Base Replacement Strategy (2000)

Syntheses of 3'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosidoimidazole 2',3'', 4''-trisphosphate (7) and 3'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-9-beta-D-ribofuranosidopurine 2',3'',4''- trisphosphate (8), two analogues of the superpotent 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor agonist adenophostin A (2), are described. 5-O-Benzyl-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-ribofuranose was prepared by an improved route from 1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-xylofuranose and was coupled with 3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranosyl dimethyl phosphite to give 3',4'-di-O-acetyl-2',5, 6'-tri-O-benzyl-3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-ribofuranose. Removal of the isopropylidene acetal and subsequent acetylation gave the central disaccharide 1,2,3',4'-tetra-O-acetyl-2',5, 6'-tri-O-benzyl-3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-ribofuranose. Vorbrüggen condensation with activated imidazole or purine gave the required beta-substituted derivatives which were further elaborated to 7 and 8, respectively. Radioligand binding assays to hepatic InsP(3) receptors and functional assays of Ca(2+) release from permeabilized hepatocytes gave a rank order of potency of the ligands 2 approximately 8 > 7 approximately Ins(1,4,5)P(3) indicating that the N(6)-amino group of 2 is of little importance for activity and that a minimum of a two-fused-ring nucleobase is required for activity to exceed that of Ins(1,4,5)P(3). The role of the adenine base in the activity of the adenophostins is discussed. This general method should facilitate ready access to nucleobase-modified adenophostin analogues for SAR studies.
Profiling and Characterization of Influenza Virus N1 Strains Potentially Resistant to Multiple Neuraminidase Inhibitors (2014)

There has been a widespread emergence of influenza virus strains with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). We screened multidrug-resistant viruses by studying the viral fitness of neuraminidase mutants in vitro and in vivo. We found that recombinant E119D and E119A/D/G/-H274Y mutant viruses demonstrated reduced inhibition by all of the NAIs tested in both the backbone of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. Furthermore, E119D and E119D-H274Y mutants in the pH1N1 background maintained overall fitness properties in vitro and in vivo. Our study highlights the importance of vigilance and continued surveillance of potential NAI multidrug-resistant influenza virus variants, as well as the development of alternative therapeutics.
A Large Air-Gap Multi-MHz Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System Using Compact Charging Pads (2021)

This paper presents a large air-gap multi-MHz capacitive WPT system utilizing innovatively designed compact charging pads. This charging pad comprises a pair of coupling plates that are used for power transfer, a metal sheet at its base that minimizes the impact of surrounding dissipative materials and a dielectric layer in-between. The effect of the dimensions of these structural components on the system’s performance is studied and the tradeoffs between different choices are discussed. The design is supported by theoretical analysis and simulations, and is experimentally validated by a prototype 13.56-MHz 12-cm air-gap 500-W capacitive WPT system that utilizes these charging pads for power transfer. The prototype system achieves 88% efficiency while transferring 500 W power. The impact of foreign objects (including metal, wood, plastic, rubber, water, and snow) on the performance of this prototype system is also studied. The system’s performance is found to be significantly impacted only for some of the objects in very close proximity to the coupling plates. Furthermore, to study the effectiveness of the charging pads in practical electric vehicle (EV) charging scenarios, the charging pad is embedded in materials used for roadway construction and the system performance is compared.
Complementary coded apertures for 4-dimensional x-ray coherent scatter imaging (2014)

X-ray scattering has played a key role in non-destructive materials characterization due to the material-specific coherent scattering signatures. In the current energy dispersive coherent scatter imaging systems, including selected volume tomography and coherent scatter computed tomography, each object voxel is measured at a single scatter angle, which suffers from slow acquisition time. The employment of coded apertures in x-ray scatter imaging systems improves the photon collection efficiency, making it promising for real time volumetric imaging and material identification. In this paper, we propose a volumetric x-ray scatter imaging system using a pair of complementary coded apertures: a coded aperture on the detector side introduces multiplexed measurement on an energy-sensitive detector array; a complementary source-side coded aperture selectively illuminates the object to decouple the ambiguity due to the increased parallelization for 4D imaging. The system yields the 1D coherent scattering form factor at each voxel in 3D. We demonstrate tomographic imaging and material identification with the system and achieve a spatial resolution ~1 cm and a normalized momentum transfer resolution, Δq/q, of 0.2.
The Fluid-phase SC5b-9 Terminal Complement Complex Binds to the GPIIb/IIIa Complex of Thrombin-stimulated Human Blood Platelets Inhibiting Platelet Aggregation (1995)

We have investigated interactions between human blood platelets and the vitronectin-containing fluid-phase terminal complement complex, the SC5b-9, which is a non-cytolytic variant of the membrane attack complex C%9(m). SC5b-9 affinity for the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) complex was demonstrated by crossed radio-immunoelectrophoresis of solubilized, washed platelets followed by incubation of the immunoplates with (125)I-labelled SC5b-9 and exposure to X-ray films. Platelet adhesion to surfaces of polystyrene coated with the SC5b-9 complex was studied under static conditions in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Thrombin-stimulated platelets but not non-stimulated platelets adhered to the SCSb-9coated surface, and platelet adherence was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the tetrapeptide RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser). This indicates an interaction between platelet GPIIb/IIIa and an RGD sequence in SC5b-9, possibly in its vitronectin moiety. The effect of the SC5b-9 complex on platelet aggregation was examined in a dual-channel aggregometer. Here the SC5b-9 complex inhibited both ADP-and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. These results were confirmed by electron microscopical examination of the contents of the aggregometer cuvettes. Platelets which had been thrombin-stimulated in the presence of SC5b-9 appeared activated and had undergone secretion, but showed no aggregation. By contrast, platelets from the control experiments which had been thrombin-stimulated in the absence of SC5b-9 were aggregated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 6rst report on a biological role of the SC5b-9 complex in platelet function.
New organosoluble aromatic poly(esterimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains (2013)

A new diimide dicarboxylic acid, namely 2,2′-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid), containing preformed imide rings and pentadecyl chain, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine with trimellitic anhydride. A series of new aromatic poly(esterimide)s (PEIs) was synthesized using diphenylchlorophosphate-activated direct polycondensation of 2,2′-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid), with five commercially available bisphenols, namely 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol (I), 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (II), 4,4′-oxydiphenol (III), 4,4′-biphenol (IV), and 4,4′-(9-fluorenylidene)diphenol (V) in the presence of pyridine and lithium chloride. Inherent viscosities of PEIs were in the range 0.54–0.83 dL g −1 in chloroform (CHCl 3 ) at 30 ± 0.1°C. PEIs containing pendent pentadecyl chains were soluble in organic solvents such as CHCl 3 , m-cresol, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, pyridine, and nitrobenzene. Tough, transparent, and flexible films of PEIs could be cast from their CHCl 3 solutions. PEIs exhibited glass transition temperature in the range 145–198°C. The temperature at 10% weight loss of PEIs, determined by thermogravimetric analysis under the nitrogen atmosphere, was in the range of 450–470°C indicating good thermal stability.
The molecular basis of inherited hypokalemic alkalosis: Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes (1996)

Hypokalemic alkalosis with low blood pressure can be caused by a number of medications or alternatively as an autosomal recessive genetic trait. Molecular genetic approaches to this problem have recently demonstrated that mutations in genes encoding the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter or the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter produce two distinctive clinical and physiological pictures featuring hypokalemic alkalosis. Mutations in the latter cause a phenotypic picture called Bartter's syndrome that includes marked hypercalciuria and neonatal presentation with marked intravascular volume depletion. Mutations in the former cotransporter result in Gitelman's syndrome, which includes hypocalciuria, hypomagnesemia, and typically older clinical presentation with predominant muscular signs and symptoms. These findings establish the molecular basis of these disorders and indicate that the diverse abnormalities seen in affected patients derive from primary defects in these mediators of cotransport function. Moreover, these findings have implications for normal mechanisms of renal electrolyte homeostasis and for potential phenotypic effects in the more common heterozygous carriers of these mutations.
Self-organizing flying drones with massive MIMO networking (2018)

This article studies distributed algorithms to control self-organizing swarm drone hotspots with massive MIMO networking capabilities - a network scenario referred to as OrgSwarm. We attempt to answer the following fundamental question: what is the optimal way to provide spectrally-efficient wireless access to a multitude of ground nodes with mobile base stations/aerial relays mounted on a swarm of drones and endowed with a large number of antennas; when we can control the position of many-antenna-enabled drones, access association of ground nodes to drones, and the transmit power of ground nodes? The article first derives a mathematical formulation of the problem of spectral efficiency maximization through joint control of the movement of many-antenna-enabled aerial drones, access association of single-antenna ground nodes to many-antenna drones, and transmit power of ground nodes. It is shown that the resulting network control problem is a mixed integer nonlinear nonconvex programming problem (MINLP). We then first design a distributed solution algorithm with polynomial computational complexity. Then, a centralized but globally optimal solution algorithm is designed based on a combination of the branch and bound framework and convex relaxation techniques to provide a performance benchmark for the distributed algorithm. Results indicate that the distributed algorithm achieves a network spectral efficiency very close (over 95% on average) to the global optimum.
Quantitative T1D assessment in lipid membranes: Jeener-Broekaert NMR vs. ihMT MRI (2023)

The dipolar order relaxation time (T 1D ) is a probe of membrane dynamics and microstructure and could serve to further understand the relationship between the myelin membrane integrity and its biological function. In this work, the ability of quantitative inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (qihMT) to estimate the several T 1D components of a synthetic lipid membrane system, a surrogate for the myelin membrane, was evaluated by comparison with the gold standard method for T 1D quantification, the NMR Jeener-Broekaert (JB) sequence.