gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Targeting of Bromodomains of the Bromodomain-PHD Fingers Family Impairs Osteoclast Differentiation (2017)

Histone acetyltransferases of the MYST family are recruited to chromatin by BRPF scaffolding proteins. We explored functional consequences and the therapeutic potential of inhibitors targeting acetyl-lysine dependent protein interaction domains (bromodomains) present in BRPF1-3 in bone maintenance. We report three potent and selective inhibitors: one (PFI-4) with high selectivity for the BRPF1B isoform and two pan-BRPF bromodomain inhibitors (OF-1, NI-57). The developed inhibitors displaced BRPF bromodomains from chromatin and did not inhibit cell growth and proliferation. Intriguingly, the inhibitors impaired RANKL-induced differentiation of primary murine bone marrow cells and human primary monocytes into bone resorbing osteoclasts by specifically repressing transcriptional programs required for osteoclastogenesis. The data suggest a key role of BRPF in regulating gene expression during osteoclastogenesis, and the excellent druggability of these bromodomains may lead to new treatment strategies for patients suffering from bone loss or osteolytic malignant bone lesions.
Learning Prototype via Placeholder for Zero-shot Recognition (2022)

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen classes by exploiting semantic descriptions shared between seen classes and unseen classes. Current methods show that it is effective to learn visual-semantic alignment by projecting semantic embeddings into the visual space as class prototypes. However, such a projection function is only concerned with seen classes. When applied to unseen classes, the prototypes often perform suboptimally due to domain shift. In this paper, we propose to learn prototypes via placeholders, termed LPL, to eliminate the domain shift between seen and unseen classes. Specifically, we combine seen classes to hallucinate new classes which play as placeholders of the unseen classes in the visual and semantic space. Placed between seen classes, the placeholders encourage prototypes of seen classes to be highly dispersed. And more space is spared for the insertion of well-separated unseen ones. Empirically, well-separated prototypes help counteract visual-semantic misalignment caused by domain shift. Furthermore, we exploit a novel semantic-oriented fine-tuning method to guarantee the semantic reliability of placeholders. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate the significant performance gain of LPL over the state-of-the-art methods.
First cyclic carbodiphosphoranes of copper(I) and gold (I) and their application in the catalytic cleavage of X-H bonds (X = N and O) (2009)

International audience
Carbon monoxide sensor and method of use (2023)

A sensor and method of use for detection of low levels of carbon monoxide in gas mixtures. The approach is based on the change in an electrical property (for example: resistance) that occurs when carbon monoxide is selectively absorbed by a film of copper chloride (or other metal halides). The electrical property change occurs rapidly with both increasing and decreasing CO contents, varies with the amount of CO from the gas stream, and is insensitive to the presence of hydrogen. To make a sensor using this approach, the metal halide film will deposited onto an alumina substrate with electrodes. The sensor may be maintained at the optimum temperature with a thick film platinum heater deposited onto the opposite face of the substrate. When the sensor is operating at an appropriate (and constant) temperature, the magnitude of the electrical property measured between the interdigital electrodes will provide a measure of the carbon monoxide content of the gas.
Alveolar epithelial cell fate is maintained in a spatially restricted manner to promote lung regeneration after acute injury (2021)

Alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells integrate signals from multiple molecular pathways to proliferate and differentiate to drive regeneration of the lung alveolus. Utilizing in vivo genetic and ex vivo organoid models, we investigated the role of Fgfr2 signaling in AT2 cells across the lifespan and during adult regeneration after influenza infection. We show that, although dispensable for adult homeostasis, Fgfr2 restricts AT2 cell fate during postnatal lung development. Using an unbiased computational imaging approach, we demonstrate that Fgfr2 promotes AT2 cell proliferation and restrains differentiation in actively regenerating areas after injury. Organoid assays reveal that Fgfr2-deficient AT2 cells remain competent to respond to multiple parallel proliferative inputs. Moreover, genetic blockade of AT2 cell cytokinesis demonstrates that cell division and differentiation are uncoupled during alveolar regeneration. These data reveal that Fgfr2 maintains AT2 cell fate, balancing proliferation and differentiation during lung alveolar regeneration.
Ion-Beam Induced Liquid Crystal Alignment on Diamond-like Carbon and Fluorinated Diamond-like Carbon Thin Films (2005)

Homogeneous and homeotropic orientations of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) are investigated on various inorganic thin films which are exposed to Ar ion-beam. It is the novel investigations which results in a completely dry processing technique for both the thin film deposition and alignment steps. In the case of homogenous alignment on diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer, optical band gap and the polar surface energy are investigated in order to elucidate the alignment mechanism by ion beam (IB) irradiation. We elucidate the role of surface polarity in DLC films with respect to the LC orientation. On the other hand, FDLC thin films are selected by homeotropic alignment layer with regard to the relationship between surface tension and LC orientation. Selected pretilt angles in the range of 71.1–89.8° can be easily obtained with ion beam irradiation. It is sensitively changed by thin films composition and the angle of ion beam irradiation.
Generative Process Tracking for Audio Analysis (2006)

The problem of generative process tracking involves detecting and adapting to changes in the underlying generative process that creates a time series of observations. It has been widely used for visual background modelling to adaptively track the generative process that generates the pixel intensities. In this paper, we extend this idea to audio background modelling and show its applications in surveillance domain. We adaptively learn the parameters of the generative audio background process and detect foreground events. We have tested the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms using synthetic time series data and show its performance on elevator audio surveillance
Magnetic Resonance Image-Based Modeling for Neurosurgical Interventions (2019)

Surgeries such as implantation of deep brain stimulation devices require accurate placement of devices within the brain. Because placement affects performance, image guidance and robotic assistance techniques have been widely... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
Structural Modifications to Polystyrene via Self‐Assembling Molecules (2005)

Abstract We have previously reported that small quantities of self‐assembling molecules known as dendron rodcoils (DRCs) can be used as supramolecular additives to modify the properties of polystyrene (PS). These molecules spontaneously assemble into supramolecular nanoribbons that can be incorporated into bulk PS in such a way that the orientation of the polymer is significantly enhanced when mechanically drawn above the glass‐transition temperature. In the current study, we more closely evaluate the structural role of the DRC nanoribbons in PS by investigating the mechanical properties and deformation microstructures of polymers modified by self‐assembly. In comparision to PS homopolymer, PS containing small amounts (≤ 1.0 wt.‐%) of self‐assembling DRC molecules exhibit greater Charpy impact strengths in double‐notch four‐point bending and significantly greater elongations to failure in uniaxial tension at 250 % prestrain. Although the DRC‐modified polymer shows significantly smaller elongations to failure at 1000 % prestrain, both low‐ and high‐prestrain specimens maintain tensile strengths that are comparable to those of the homopolymer. The improved toughness and ductility of DRC‐modified PS appears to be related to the increased stress whitening and craze density that was observed near fracture surfaces. However, the mechanism by which the self‐assembling DRC molecules toughen PS is different from that of conventional additives. These molecules assemble into supramolecular nanoribbons that enhance polymer orientation, which in turn modifies crazing patterns and improves impact strength and ductility.
Compositional dependence of single-crystal PMN- x PT phase transformations (2008)

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals produce extraordinary strain levels in response to electric field, but the response is highly dependent on temperature and bias stress. This behavior must be well characterized for the successful development of actuation and sensor applications. This paper presents the results of experimental characterization of <001> oriented single crystal PMN-xPT (<i>x</i> = 0.27 and 0.29) is presented for combined electrical and mechanical loading at various temperatures. These data are contrasted with previously reported constitutive behavior of <001> single crystal PMN-<i>x</i>PT with different compositions. The effects of composition on the phase transformation behavior and linear material properties are compared and discussed.
Resilient Computing with Reinforcement Learning on a Dynamical System: Case Study in Sorting (2018)

This paper formulates general computation as a feedback-control problem, which allows the agent to autonomously overcome some limitations of standard procedural language programming: resilience to errors and early program termination. Our formulation considers computation to be trajectory generation in the program's variable space. The computing then becomes a sequential decision making problem, solved with reinforcement learning (RL), and analyzed with Lyapunov stability theory to assess the agent's resilience and progression to the goal. We do this through a case study on a quintessential computer science problem, array sorting. Evaluations show that our RL sorting agent makes steady progress to an asymptotically stable goal, is resilient to faulty components, and performs less array manipulations than traditional Quicksort and Bubble sort.
Measurement of flow harmonics with multi-particle cumulants in Pb+Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}=2.76$$ s NN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2014)

ATLAS measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV are shown using a dataset of approximately 7 [Formula: see text]b[Formula: see text] collected at the LHC in 2010. The measurements are performed for charged particles with transverse momenta [Formula: see text] GeV and in the pseudorapidity range [Formula: see text]. The anisotropy is characterized by the Fourier coefficients, [Formula: see text], of the charged-particle azimuthal angle distribution for [Formula: see text]-4. The Fourier coefficients are evaluated using multi-particle cumulants calculated with the generating function method. Results on the transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and centrality dependence of the [Formula: see text] coefficients are presented. The elliptic flow, [Formula: see text], is obtained from the two-, four-, six- and eight-particle cumulants while higher-order coefficients, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are determined with two- and four-particle cumulants. Flow harmonics [Formula: see text] measured with four-particle cumulants are significantly reduced compared to the measurement involving two-particle cumulants. A comparison to [Formula: see text] measurements obtained using different analysis methods and previously reported by the LHC experiments is also shown. Results of measurements of flow fluctuations evaluated with multi-particle cumulants are shown as a function of transverse momentum and the collision centrality. Models of the initial spatial geometry and its fluctuations fail to describe the flow fluctuations measurements.
Answering Questions about Data Visualizations using Efficient Bimodal Fusion (2019)

Chart question answering (CQA) is a newly proposed visual question answering (VQA) task where an algorithm must answer questions about data visualizations, e.g. bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs. CQA requires capabilities that natural-image VQA algorithms lack: fine-grained measurements, optical character recognition, and handling out-of-vocabulary words in both questions and answers. Without modifications, state-of-the-art VQA algorithms perform poorly on this task. Here, we propose a novel CQA algorithm called parallel recurrent fusion of image and language (PReFIL). PReFIL first learns bimodal embeddings by fusing question and image features and then intelligently aggregates these learned embeddings to answer the given question. Despite its simplicity, PReFIL greatly surpasses state-of-the art systems and human baselines on both the FigureQA and DVQA datasets. Additionally, we demonstrate that PReFIL can be used to reconstruct tables by asking a series of questions about a chart.
ChemInform Abstract: Diverse Reaction Courses in the Controlled Carbometalation of Heterocumulenes with Zirconium‐Diene Complexes and Molecular Structures of Carbon Dioxide, Isocyanate, and Ketene 1:1 and 1:2 Inserted Compounds. (1989)

Abstract The carbometalation of various heterocumulenes (CO 2 , isocyanates, ketenes) is systematically investigated by using a series of Zr‐diene complexes of the type ZrL2(s‐cis‐diene) and ZrL2(s‐trans‐diene) (L: η5‐C5H5, η5‐C5Me5; diene: butadiene, isoprene) to clarify the essential factors in determining the regio‐ and stereochemistry of the products.
Fungicidal activity of human lactoferrin-derived peptides based on the antimicrobial αβ region (2010)

Owing to the increasing number of infections in hospitalised patients caused by resistant strains of fungi, there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents for these infections. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides may constitute models for developing such agents. A modified peptide sequence (CFQWKRAMRKVR; HLopt2) based on amino acid residues 20-31 of the N-terminal end of human lactoferrin (hLF) as well as a double-sized human lactoferricin-like peptide (amino acid residues 16-40; HLBD1) were investigated for their antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo. By in vitro assay, HLopt2 was fungicidal at concentrations of 12.5-25 μg/mL against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida kefyr and Candida parapsilosis, but not against Candida glabrata. HLopt2 was demonstrated to have ≥ 16-fold greater killing activity than HLBD1. By inducing some helical formation caused by lactam bridges or by extending the assay time (from 2h to 20 h), HLBD1 became almost comparable with HLopt2 in its fungicidal activity. Killing of C. albicans yeast cells by HLopt2 was rapid and was accompanied by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membrane permeabilisation as well as formation of deep pits on the yeast cell surface. In a murine C. albicans skin infection model, atopic treatment with the peptides resulted in significantly reduced yields of Candida from the infected skin areas. The antifungal activities of HLopt2 in vitro and in vivo suggest possible potential as a therapeutic agent against most Candida spp. and C. neoformans. The greatly improved antifungal effect of the lactam-modified HLBD1 indicates the importance of amphipathic helix formation for lethal activity.
Integrated Quantum Memories at 1.3 K with Tin-Vacancy Centers and Photonic Circuits (2023)

We present an efficient microwave and optical interface for quantum memories at 1.3 K based on tin-vacancy color centers in diamond and scalable integrated photonics.
The Leasehold System: Towards a Balanced Land Tenure for Urban Development (1969)

Historically, building leases have been responsible for some very enlightened estate management and town planning. They have also been abused by less responsible landlords and have caused much hardship among tenants. This article records some of the good and bad achievements of ground landlords and then attempts to analyse which elements of the leasehold relationship are worthy of preservation. Some ways are then suggested in which the balance of rights and obligations and the nature of the tenant's interest might be amended to make leaseholds more acceptable to tenants.
Investigation of physical image quality indices of a bone densitometry system (2004)

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and a deterioration of bone structure. Bone mineral density (BMD) measures bone mass and is currently the method used to diagnose osteoporosis, while computerized radiographic texture analysis (RTA) is being investigated as a measure of bone structure. The GE/Lunar PIXI peripheral bone densitometer (PD) system, which uses dual-energy subtraction to measure BMD, also provides a digital image of the heel or forearm. The goal of our current research was to evaluate the physical imaging properties of the PIXI system (pixel size of 0.2 mm) compared to a Fuji computed radiography (CR) system (pixel size of 0.1 mm) to determine its suitability for texture analysis from image data. Contrast was measured using a series of uniform images covering the useful clinical exposure range. Spatial resolution was characterized by the presampling modulation transfer function (MTF) determined by an edge method. Noise power spectra (NPS) for different exposures were calculated using a two-dimensional Fourier analysis method. The expectation modulation transfer function was measured and combined with the NPS data to calculate the noise-equivalent number of quanta. The slope of the characteristic curve of the peripheral densitometer (PD) system was found to be position dependent across the image, although this dependence was substantially reduced by use of the system's clinical-settings corrections. An MTF value of 0.5 was found at 0.5 cycles/mm for the densitometry system compared to the same value at 1.6 cycles/mm for the CR system. Unlike the CR system, the NPS of the densitometry system was found not to be directionally dependent and did not drop off at higher spatial frequencies.
Quantitative CT characterization of body fluids with spectral &amp;#x003C1;Z projection method (2006)

We have performed a clinical study on the characterization of body fluids with the spectral ρZ projection algorithm. It converts dual-energy CT scans into density ρ and atomic number Z information. We provide data on a total of 56 samples of 6 different classes. Blood, gall, pus and urine, as well as mixtures of blood + pus and blood + ethylendiamintetra acetate (EDTA, a blood anti-coagulant) have been investigated. For standard measurements with 80 kV and 140 kV tube voltages we encounter larger overlaps of the HU attenuation values. Gall fluid and pus are the only distinguishable substances. For the ρZ projected image data, we find blood, pus and the blood + pus mixtures to be clearly distinguishable in the two-dimensional ρZ plane. Gall fluid shows a small overlap to pus. The density and the atomic number values have standard deviations in the order of Δρ = 10 mg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and ΔZ = 0.1. The theoretical density and atomic number values for blood and water are reproduced with very small deviations in the range of Δρ = -20 mg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and ΔZ = 0.02.
Internalization of T-Cell Receptor Mimic Antibody RL6A by Brain Derived Endothelial Cells Analyzed by Flow Cytometry (2016)

Abstract T-cell receptor mimic monoclonal antibodies (TCRm) recognize peptide-MHC class I complexes. They combine the specificity of T-cell receptors with high binding affinities in the low nanomolar to picomolar range characteristic of monoclonal antibodies. The TCRm RL6A targets YLLPAIVHI peptide-HLA-A2 complexes, where the peptide is derived from the p68 RNA helicase protein. Previous work showed that this target is expressed by brain endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Upon binding, RL6A crosses the BBB via a receptor-mediated transcytosis mechanism. Confocal microscopy indicated that, after internalization, RL6A co-localized with the early endosomal marker (EEA1). Here we used conventional flow cytometry and imaging flow cytometry to quantitatively analyze the internalization process. Endothelial cell monolayers formed by hCMEC/D3 cells were incubated with unlabeled RL6A for time periods up to 120 min. Surface bound RL6A was detected by a secondary, PE-labeled antibody. RL6A disappeared in a biphasic pattern from the surface of hCMEC/D3 cells, with an initial half-life (t1/2) of internalization of about 3 min and a second, much slower phase (half life about 3 h) likely reflecting recycling to the membrane. In a complementary approach using imaging flow cytometry (Amnis ImagestreamX) and IDEAS analysis software, the internalization of AlexaFluor488-RL6A could be directly visualized and evaluated. The results confirmed that RL6A internalizes rapidly into hCMEC/D3 cells. In conclusion, flow cytometry is a suitable tool to analyze trafficking of specific peptide-HLA complexes in endothelial cells.
Metal-Assisted Solid-Phase Crystallization Process for Vertical Monocrystalline Si Channel in 3D Flash Memory (2019)

In order to improve the channel conductance of 3D flash memory cell, metal-assisted solid-phase single crystallization process has been demonstrated for the first time. Metal induced lateral crystallization (MILC) process is well-known for the thin film transistors (TFTs).We tried to apply this technology to channel Si in a vertical memory holes of 3D flash memory. Monocrystalline growth was confirmed by in- situ TEM and nano-beam diffraction (NBD) analysis. Moreover, it shows superior device characteristics (Icell, Vth, sub-threshold slope, transconductance) and those uniformities with maintaining memory performance and reliability.