gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated thermal-fluidic I/O interconnects for an on-chip microchannel heat sink (2006)

Power dissipation in microprocessors will reach a level that necessitates chip-level liquid cooling in the near future. An on-chip microfluidic heat sink can reduce the thermal interfaces between an IC chip and the convective cooling medium. Through wafer-level processing, integrated thermal-fluidic I/O interconnects enable on-chip microfluidic heat sinks with ultrasmall form factor at low-cost. This letter describes wafer-level integration of microchannels at the wafer back-side with through-wafer fluidic paths and thermal-fluidic input/output interconnection for future generation gigascale integrated chips.
A Macromodeling Algorithm for Analog Circuits (2009)

The advantages of using macromodels of functional blocks in the simulation of large scale circuits have long been pointed out. However, all the methods for generating macrontodels that have so far appeared in the literature make very stringent assumptions about either the type of circuits to be modeled or the shape of the waveforms involved. The models generated in this way are, therefore, of limited use in general circuit simulation. In this paper we propose a general purpose macromodeling algorithm applicable to any type of circuit without any restrictions on the waveforms. Starting from a user-supplied template, the algorithm modifies the values and the branch characteristics of macromodel elements with the goal of optimizing the macromodel's time-domain accuracy. Experimental results obtained so far indicate that the algorithm requires reasonable amounts of CPU time and that the models are accurate enough to be used for standard circuit simulation.
Artifact reduction in maternal abdominal ECG recordings for fetal ECG estimation (2007)

Monitoring the fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) is currently one of the most promising methods to assess fetal health. However, the main problem associated with this method is that the signals recorded from the maternal abdomen are affected by noise and interferences: the maternal electrocardiogram (mECG) being the dominant interference. In this paper a mECG removal technique is described, which is based on dynamic segmentation of the mECG and subsequent linear prediction of the mECG segments. Moreover, as the linear prediction is significantly affected by artifacts, a signal validation technique is presented to suppress the effect of artifacts on the mECG prediction. The performance of the presented technique is evaluated by comparison to the performance of three other mECG removal techniques: the presented technique outperforms the other techniques for all recordings.
Removal of Analyte-Irrelevant Variations in Near-Infrared Tissue Spectra (2006)

This paper describes mathematical techniques to correct for analyte-irrelevant optical variability in tissue spectra by combining multiple preprocessing techniques to address variability in spectral properties of tissue overlying and within the muscle. A mathematical preprocessing method called principal component analysis (PCA) loading correction is discussed for removal of inter-subject, analyte-irrelevant variations in muscle scattering from continuous-wave diffuse reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectra. The correction is completed by orthogonalizing spectra to a set of loading vectors of the principal components obtained from principal component analysis of spectra with the same analyte value, across different subjects in the calibration set. Once the loading vectors are obtained, no knowledge of analyte values is required for future spectral correction. The method was tested on tissue-like, three-layer phantoms using partial least squares (PLS) regression to predict the absorber concentration in the phantom muscle layer from the NIR spectra. Two other mathematical methods, short-distance correction to remove spectral interference from skin and fat layers and standard normal variate scaling, were also applied and/or combined with the proposed method prior to the PLS analysis. Each of the preprocessing methods improved model prediction and/or reduced model complexity. The combination of the three preprocessing methods provided the most accurate prediction results. We also performed a preliminary validation on in vivo human tissue spectra.
Magnetic order and energy-scale hierarchy in artificial spin-ice structures (2018)

In order to explain and predict the properties of many physical systems, it is essential to understand the interplay of different energy scales. Here we present investigations of the magnetic order in thermalized artificial spin-ice structures, with different activation energies of the interacting Ising-like elements. We image the thermally equilibrated magnetic states of the nanostructures using synchrotron-based magnetic microscopy. By comparing results obtained from structures with one or two different activation energies, we demonstrate a clear impact on the resulting magnetic order. The differences are obtained by the analysis of the magnetic spin structure factors, in which the role of the activation energies is manifested by distinct short-range order. These results highlight the potential of artificial spin-ice structures to serve as model systems for designing various energy-scale hierarchies and investigating their impact on the collective dynamics and magnetic order.
Colorimetric detection of individual biothiols by tailor made reactions with silver nanoprisms (2021)

We herein described a rapid, sensitive, and selective colorimetric sensing platform for biothiols in human serum, which relies on the dual functions of biothiols as anti-etching and aggregating agent for silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs). In principle, the target biothiols that bind to the surface of AgNPRs through Ag-S covalent interactions protect the AgNPRs from being etched by chloride ion (Cl<sup>-</sup>) in human serum, thus exhibiting the blue/purple color that is indicative of AgNPRs. On the other hand, the color of AgNPRs turned to yellow in the absence of biothiols or the presence of non-sulfur-containing amino acids, indicating the formation of small silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Importantly, we found that individual biothiols (Hcy, Cys, and GSH) exert not only the anti-etching effect, but also the aggregating effect on AgNPRs, which can be modulated by simply tuning the pH conditions, and this consequently allows for the discriminative detection of each biothiol. Based on this simple and cost-effective strategy, we successfully determined the Hcy, Cys, and GSH in human serum with high sensitivity and selectivity within 10 min, demonstrating the diagnostic capability and potential in practical applications.
Diamond Dispersed Alumina Composites Fabricated under the Thermodynamically Not Stable Conditions for Diamond. (2000)

Diamond/alumina composites were tried to sinter by both routes of hot pressing (HPing) and hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), in which both sintering conditions are thermodynamically unstable for diamond. When the composites were sintered by the HIPing under 150 MPa at 1423-1473 K for 10.8 ks and by the HPing under 36 MPa at 1673 K for 10.8 ks, the transformation of the diamond into graphite in the composites was not detected by an XRD analysis. Adding of a little magnesia and titania as sintering additives was very effective for the densification and hardening of the composites. Dispersing diamond was effective to restrain the alumina grain growth during the sintering. The Vickers hardness of the composites containing 10 vol.% diamond processed with the sintering additives was slightly increased as compared with that of the alumina with no diamond. It was revealed that the diamond/alumina composites could be successfully sintered by both hot isostatic pressing and hot pressing under thermodynamically unstable conditions for diamond.
12-mode OFDM transmission using reduced-complexity maximum likelihood detection (2015)

We report the transmission of 163-Gb/s MDM-QPSK-OFDM and 245-Gb/s MDM-8QAM-OFDM transmission over 74 km of few-mode fiber supporting 12 spatial and polarization modes. A low-complexity maximum likelihood detector is employed to enhance the performance of a system impaired by mode-dependent loss.
An Artistic Visualization of Music Modeling a Synesthetic Experience (2020)

This project brings music to sight. Music can be a visual masterpiece. Some people naturally experience a visualization of audio - a condition called synesthesia. The type of synesthesia explored is when sounds create colors in the 'mind's eye.' Project included interviews with people who experience synesthesia, examination of prior art, and topic research to inform project design. Audio input, digital signal processing (including Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs)) and data manipulation produce arguments required for our visualization. Arguments are then applied to a physics particle simulator which is re-purposed to model a synesthetic experience. The result of the project is a simulator in MAX 8, which generates a visual performance using particles by varying each particle's position, velocity, and color based on parameters extracted via digital processing of input audio.
Working Dogs Drinking a Nutrient-Enriched Water Maintain Cooler Body Temperature and Improved Pulse Rate Recovery After Exercise (2018)

Exercise-related physiological changes were evaluated in hydrated, exercise-conditioned working dogs with free access to tap water (TW) with or without a nutrient-enriched water supplement (NW). Physiological samples and measures were collected before and after work-related field tasks in a warm and moderately humid ambient environment. In a cross-over design study, 12 dogs (age range 8-23 months) were evaluated on 3 separate occasions within each period with exercise bouts up to 30 min, on days -4, 3, and 11. Dogs were offered either <i>ad libitum</i> TW or portion-controlled NW daily plus <i>ad libitum</i> TW. Prior to and serially after exercise, pulse rate (PR), core (BT<sub>core</sub>) and ear (BT<sub>ear</sub>) temperature were recorded. Urine was collected first thing in the morning, whereas blood samples collected and body weight (BW) recorded pre- and immediately post exercise. Ambient temperature was above 21.7°C (71°F) and relative humidity ranged from 36 to 76%. Activity parameters, AM urine measures, post-exercise percent change of BW, resting PR and resting BT<sub>core</sub> did not differ between treatment groups on any exercise day. At the completion of exercise, mean BT<sub>core</sub> for all dogs ranged from 104.8 to 105.6°F. Immediate post-exercise BT<sub>ear</sub> was always lower compared to BT<sub>core</sub> and means ranged from 103.3 to 104.0°F. The effect of time was highly significant (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for both BT measures with both BT<sub>core</sub> and BT<sub>ear</sub> recovering to resting levels by 60 min post exercise. PR and several blood values showed a significant main effect of time. Over the recovery period, dogs in the NW group had lower mean BT<sub>ear</sub> and PR by 0.6°F and 3.4 bpm, respectively. Daily ingestion of a NW in combination with free access to TW can reduce the post-exercise-related BT<sub>core</sub> and BT<sub>ear</sub> hyperthermia, and improve pulse rate recovery following exercise in this population of working dogs undergoing 30 min bout of exercise.
Infection With Artificially Propagated Eaton Agent (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) (1964)

IN RECENT YEARS there has been considerable progress in defining the etiology of atypical pneumonia. One of the important causes of this disease is the agent described by Eaton et al in 1944.<sup>1</sup>This agent has been associated with cold agglutinin-positive atypical pneumonia in controlled epidemiologic investigations as well as in volunteer studies.<sup>2, 3</sup>In addition, Eaton agent has been shown to cause febrile respiratory disease without pneumonia.<sup>4</sup> Recently it has been shown that the Eaton agent is not a virus but a pleuropneumonia-like organism which can be cultivated on a cell-free artificial medium.<sup>5</sup>The agent has been designated<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>.<sup>6</sup> With the demonstration that this agent was a pleuropneumonia-like organism (<i>Mycoplasma</i>), it was of interest to determine if strains propagated on an agar medium could infect man. In order to test this possibility volunteers free of detectable antibody were inoculated with two strains of
Two-Dimensional Target Location Estimation Technique Using Leaky Coaxial Cables (2008)

This paper presents a target location estimation method that can use a pair of leaky coaxial cables to determine the 2D coordinates of the target. Since convention location techniques using leaky coaxial cables can find a target location along the cable in 1D, they have been unable to locate it in 2D planes. The proposed method enables us to estimate target on a 2D plane using; 1) a beam-forming technique and 2) a reconstruction technique based on Hough transform. Leaky coaxial cables are equipped with numerous slots at regular interval, which can be utilized as antenna arrays that acts both as transmitters and receivers. By completely exploiting this specific characteristic of leaky coaxial cables, we carried out an antenna array analysis that performs in a beam-forming fashion. Simulation and experimental results support the effectiveness of the proposed target location method.
Figure S1 from Inhibition of BET Bromodomain Proteins with GS-5829 and GS-626510 in Uterine Serous Carcinoma, a Biologically Aggressive Variant of Endometrial Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ex vivo c-Myc expression assessed by IHC on the ARK2 xenograft tumor samples, excised 1 hour and 6 hours after a single dose of GS-5829 at 40, 20, 10 mg/kg, GS-626510 at 10 mg/kg and vehicle for oral gavage studies.&lt;/p&gt;
EPD of Phosphors for Display and Solid State Lighting Technologies (2012)

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been used for phosphor screening for a variety of emissive information displays and more recently, for solid state lighting. EPD is well suited to deposit the fine (nanometer to micrometer diameter) phosphor particles needed for high resolution displays. The fundamentals of the EPD process in an isopropanol (IPA) bath have been characterized by the dissociation behavior of nitrate salts in IPA, measurement of the effects of pH and nitrate salt concentration on the zeta potential of the particles, studying of the processing conditions and modeling of the deposition rates. The electrochemical precipitation reactions form an adhesive agent for the particles and the adhesion strength can be enhanced by various methods to meet the requirements of these technologies.
Mono- and dual-targeting triplebodies activate natural killer cells and have anti-tumor activityin vitroandin vivoagainst chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2016)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia that affects B lymphocytes in adults. Natural killer (NK) cells in CLL patients are intrinsically potent but display poor <i>in situ</i> effector functions. NKG2D is an activating receptor found on NK and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and plays a role in immunosurveillance of CLL. In this study, we developed mono- and dual-targeting triplebodies utilizing a natural ligand for human NKG2D receptor (ULBP2) to retarget NK cells against tumor cells. Triplebodies in both formats showed better ability to induce NK-cell-dependent killing of target cells compared to bispecific counterparts. A mono-targeting triplebody ULBP2-aCD19-aCD19 successfully triggered NK cell effector functions against CLL cell line MEC1 and primary tumor cells in allogenic and autologous settings. Additionally, a dual-targeting triplebody ULBP2-aCD19-aCD33 specific for two distinct tumor-associated antigens was developed to target antigen loss variants, such as mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). Of note, this triplebody exhibited cytotoxic activity against CD19/CD33 double positive cells and retained its binding features even in the absence of one of the tumor antigens. Further, ULBP2-aCD19-aCD19 showed significant <i>in vivo</i> activity in immune-deficient (NSG) mouse model transplanted with CLL cell line as target cells and human immune cells as an effector population providing a proof-of-principle for this therapeutic concept.
Abstract 4598: A comprehensive assessment of the impact of preanalytical variables on cell free DNA and circulating tumor cells in blood (2018)

Abstract Liquid biopsy continues to gain traction as a minimally invasive method to monitor biomarkers associated with malignancy and metastasis. A simple blood draw can reveal key biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). However, these analytes are present in low quantities and are prone to rapid degradation and contamination, which presents challenges for the detection of rare CTCs and cfDNA targets. Higher molecular weight genomic DNA from poorly stabilized leukocytes can contaminate plasma, compromising liquid biopsy assay results by increasing the total amount of extracted DNA while diluting rare cfDNA targets. Preservation of CTCs and cfDNA over time is thus essential for the accuracy of downstream tests, and preanalytical variables that impact plasma volume, cfDNA yield and quality, and cell recovery in ex vivo blood must be understood. Here, we identified several preanalytical variables, including type of blood collection tube, storage time and conditions post-phlebotomy, and centrifugation conditions for plasma fractionation. We then carried out a series of studies to better understand the interplay between these preanalytical variables and plasma recovery, cell recovery, and cfDNA preservation in healthy donor blood, contrived samples, and patient samples. We found that choice of blood collection tube, in particular, has a significant impact on preservation of plasma volume, CTCs, cfDNA over time, particularly under real-world stress conditions including temperature excursions, sample shipping, and storage time post-draw. The work presented here demonstrates the importance of assessing preanalytical variables for the preservation of cancer biomarkers in whole blood without compromising sample integrity. This will ultimately help researchers make informed decisions on how best to stabilize their analytes of interest without introducing un-intended variables due to blood tube selection, shipping and storage conditions, and plasma isolation conditions. Citation Format: Anita Pottekat, Hatim T. Allawi, Genna T. Boragine, Michael W. Kaiser, Tamara Sander, Chateen Krueger, Janelle J. Bruinsma, Amber N. Murray. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of preanalytical variables on cell free DNA and circulating tumor cells in blood [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4598.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxytrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes (2012)

A mild, versatile, and convenient method for the efficient oxytrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes based on a copper-catalyzed oxidative difunctionalization strategy has been developed. This methodology provides access to a variety of classes of synthetically useful CF(3)-containing building blocks from simple starting materials.
Caloporoside, a new inhibitor of phospholipases C from Caloporus dichrous (Fr.) Ryv. (1994)

A new salicylic acid derivative, caloporoside, was isolated from fermentations of Caloporus dichrous. Its structure was elucidated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. Caloporoside exhibits weak antibacterial and antifungal activities and is a quite selective inhibitor of phospholipase C isolated from pig brain (Ki 12, 3 microM).
Deposition behavior and substrate dependency of ALD MnO<inf>x</inf> diffusion barrier layer (2013)

We investigated the possibility of applying an ALD method to form a Cu diffusion barrier layer of MnOx in an attempt to develop a deposition process which would not be influenced by absorbed water in a substrate. The MnOx formed by ALD using (EtCp)2Mn and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O had the following features. (1) Capability of thickness control of the MnOx layer by changing the ALD cycle number. (2) Capability of the ALD-MnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> formation on low-k dielectrics by surface modification. (3) Good adhesion of the Cu/ALD-MnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /SiOCH structure showing a fracture toughness of 0.3 MPa·m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> . (4) Good diffusion barrier property for the thickness of over 1 nm. (5) Minimizing via resistance increase accompanied by the formation of MnOx on Cu.
Evaluation of Soiling Effects on PV Modules and Development of Innovative Low Cost Cleaning Solutions: Some Outputs of Soleil Inno-PV Project (2019)

This paper summarizes some results obtained from the studies performed in the framework of SOLEIL Inno-PV project co-funded by the Moroccan Institute for Research in Solar Energy and New Energies (IRESEN). This project is focused on the study of soiling impact on PV panels and development of innovative low cost cleaning solutions. We start by presenting an experimental simulation of the effects of soiling on solar PV glass using a test bench that we have performed at home laboratory. The first tests conducted on this bench have been validated by other experimental studies performed in outdoor conditions. From the results obtained it has been concluded that the test bench developed has approached the mechanism of the deposition of soiling phenomenon. After, an experimental approach to evaluate the soiling rate via the performance ratio using solar front-glass has been detailed. The aim of this study is to present a simple and low cost soiling measurement protocol for PV modules. A comprehensive study of exposed solar glass samples according to two different exposition angles 0° and 45° has been also conducted. The study has included a close comparison of soiling distribution and optical transmittance of the samples. This was analyzed by presentation of the loss trend due to soiling and which has marked 2.25% during two months of dry period. In the last part of the work, an innovative and very low cost cleaning technique for dynamic photovoltaic panels on solar bi-axial tracker produced by Helioslite was developed and implemented. This relevant and competitive technique doesn't need any energy supply because it works using only the force of gravity. The cleaning tests were carried out and validated using an optimal design of the cleaning system prototype of the real bi-axial tracker that has been developed locally. The results of the tests have been taken into consideration to realize the cleaning technique in real dimensions and normal operating conditions.