gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Underwater Environments with Curiosity (2014)

This paper presents a novel approach to modeling curiosity in a mobile robot, which is useful for monitoring and adaptive data collection tasks. We use ROST, a real time topic modeling framework to build a semantic perception model of the environment, using which, we plan a path through the locations in the world with high semantic information content. We demonstrate the approach using the Aqua robot in a variety of different scenarios, and find the robot be able to do tasks such as coral reef inspection, diver following, and sea floor exploration, without any prior training or preparation.
DNA Barcoding a Complete Matrix of Stereoisomeric Small Molecules (2018)

The syntheses of DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) thus far tend to underexploit the capabilities of synthetic organic chemistry, affording compounds of low stereochemical diversity and topographic complexity. Here, we describe the design, construction, and validation of a library of 107,616 DNA-barcoded chiral 2,3-disubsituted azetidines and pyrrolidines. We used stereospecific C–H arylation chemistry to furnish scaffolds that could be functionalized with known DNA-compatible reactions. We quantified the impact of synthetic decisions on small-molecule physicochemical properties and library diversity via Tanimoto multi-fusion similarity analysis, among other techniques. Test screens against horseradish peroxidase and carbonic anhydrase IX—analyzed by a rigorous statistical framework—confirmed the success of the synthesis and screening procedures. These results demonstrate that diverse collections of structurally complex DNA-barcoded compounds may be synthesized without the development of novel DNA-compatible chemistry.
Identifying a critical time for mixing in a direct injection diesel engine through the study of increased in-cylinder mixing and its effect on emissions (2004)

An experimental study aimed at understanding the effect of in-cylinder mixing on direct injection diesel combustion was conducted in which an auxiliary gas injector was installed on to a single-cylinder diesel engine. The gas injector was used to inject air and nitrogen, thereby enhancing in-cylinder mixing at a specific time in the combustion cycle. The phasing of that gas injection event with respect to the fuel injection event was changed. The results suggest that it is primarily the fuel injected at the tail end of the fuel injection event that has difficulty mixing. Prior to the end of fuel injection, the kinetic energy input during fuel injection is sufficient to mix the fuel with air. However, near the end of fuel injection the kinetic energy is low and the fuel is not followed by any kinetic energy inputs that could help bring about mixing, which causes that fuel to produce large amounts of soot that ultimately have trouble oxidizing. It was also found that in-cylinder turbulence had no effect on NO x emissions when it occurred after +20° ATDC (after top dead centre), just after the end of fuel injection in these experiments. It was believed that, by that time, the NO x chemistry was frozen. However, NO x emissions were affected by early gas injection such that injecting air brought about an increase in NO x emissions while injecting nitrogen reduced NO x emissions. This finding suggests that early and prolonged injection of diluents could be used as a soot-friendly form of exhaust gas recirculation, provided that the injection overlaps the end of fuel injection.
Characterization of a patient with atypical amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (2008)

We report a 6-year-old girl with amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, the first case of this rare congenital disorder not to have an MPL gene mutation. Although no mutations were identified in MPL, Mpl protein was absent in the platelets and TPO induced phosphorylation of the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (Jak2) was not detected. In addition to the defect of Mpl, the patient demonstrated markedly reduced expression of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) in contrast to normal expression of other platelet-specific proteins GPIb alpha, GPIb beta, and GPIIb. To explore the causes for the absence of Mpl, the entire coding region of Jak2 and AML1 were sequenced and no mutations were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes a case of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia that is not caused by a mutation in MPL and demonstrates the severe impairment of GPVI expression on platelets.
Affinity and size capture of circulating tumor cells: A platform for increased sensitivity (2010)

Abstract Background: The potential clinical value of evaluating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood is clear. CTC analysis can aid in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction. However, since CTCs are rare, current analysis is limited by low efficiencies. Variability of expression of cell surface antigens by CTCs make capture mechanisms based on antibody affinity less than ideal. We report here data from a CTC platform that combines affinity capture with size filtration capture. Methods: A spiked cell model was used, involving whole EDTA blood spiked with SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. Two microfluidic chips were analyzed, a standard chip (T7) with constant gap size between posts, and a gradient chip (MA3) with a gap-size gradient between posts starting at 40 μ and decreasing to 12 μ. Chips were coated with either an anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody or with no Ab. An anti-cytokeratin (CK) Ab in combination with a nuclear specific fluorescent stain on an automated cell imaging platform was used to identify CTCs. Results: 45% of cells were captured by size alone (MA3 with no Ab), 16% of cells were captured by affinity alone (T7 with MAb), and 65% of cells were captured by a combination of antibody affinity and size gradient (MA3 with MAb). This increased capture efficiency has been confirmed in clinical samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer, with a greater than 40% increase in capture efficiency utilizing both mechanisms. Whole blood from healthy donors run through either chip type yielded virtually no CTCs. FACS analysis showed that 75% of cultured SKBR-3 cells express high levels of EpCAM. This expression level will vary, as will, presumably, the relative contributions of the antibody capture mechanism and the size capture mechanism. A “heat map” analysis can demonstrate visually the relative contributions of each and these will be presented. Conclusions: The MA3 microfluidic chip captures CTCs using a combination of affinity and size filtration. This allows for the capture of CTCs with varying expression levels of EpCAM by exploiting the size differential between these CTCs and other blood elements. This dual-capture mechanism may allow for more efficient capture than affinity alone. Further work evaluating this platform in late-stage breast cancer patients is ongoing.
Novel hyperbranched polymer based on urea linkages (1998)

The thermal decomposition of 3,5-diaminobenzoyl azide, to generate in situ the corresponding 3,5-diaminophenyl isocyanate, was found to give hyperbranched polyureas, whose structure was established using IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Taste Receptors and Their Variants (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Salt Taste Sour Taste Sweet Taste Umami Taste Bitter Taste Signal Transduction of Sweet, Bitter, and Umami Taste Taste Quality Coding Peripheral Modulation of Taste Evolution of Taste Receptor Genes Genetic Variation of Taste Perception Taste Variations and Eating Behavior References
System-Based Differential Gene Network Analysis for Characterizing a Sample-Specific Subnetwork (2020)

Gene network estimation is a method key to understanding a fundamental cellular system from high throughput omics data. However, the existing gene network analysis relies on having a sufficient number of samples and is required to handle a huge number of nodes and estimated edges, which remain difficult to interpret, especially in discovering the clinically relevant portions of the network. Here, we propose a novel method to extract a biomedically significant subnetwork using a Bayesian network, a type of unsupervised machine learning method that can be used as an explainable and interpretable artificial intelligence algorithm. Our method quantifies sample specific networks using our proposed <i>Edge Contribution value</i> (ECv) based on the estimated system, which realizes condition-specific subnetwork extraction using a limited number of samples. We applied this method to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) data set that is related to the process of metastasis and thus prognosis in cancer biology. We established our method-driven EMT network representing putative gene interactions. Furthermore, we found that the sample-specific ECv patterns of this EMT network can characterize the survival of lung cancer patients. These results show that our method unveils the explainable network differences in biological and clinical features through artificial intelligence technology.
Functional Anatomy of the TDP-43 Redox Sensor (2021)

Abstract TAR binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA binding protein that assists in the maturation, export and sub-cellular localization of mRNA. The carboxyl terminal 153 residues of TDP-43 are of low sequence complexity and allow for self-association of the protein in a manner leading to its phase separation from an aqueous environment. These interactions assist TDP-43 in forming cytoplasmic RNA granules involved in the transport of mRNA for localized translation. Self-association of the TDP-43 low complexity (LC) domain is facilitated by a region of twenty five residues that are of extreme evolutionary conservation. The molecular basis for self-adherence of the protein through this region has been illuminated by a combination of structural and biochemical studies, allowing definition of a morphologically specific cross-β structure predicted to be weakly assembled by main chain hydrogen bonds. In this study we have investigated the importance of individual, Pauling hydrogen bonds hypothesized to facilitate self-adherence of the TDP-43 LC domain.
Multicenter review of diaphragm pacing in spinal cord injury (2014)

Therapeutic study, level V.
Trifluoroacetic Anhydride (2005)

[407-25-0] C4F6O3 (MW 210.04) InChI = 1S/C4F6O3/c5-3(6,7)1(11)13-2(12)4(8,9)10 InChIKey = QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (activating agent; oxidation) Alternate Name: TFAA. Physical Data: mp −65 °C; bp 39–40 °C; d 1.487 g cm−3. Solubility: sol C6H6, CH2Cl2, Et2O, DMF, THF, MeCN. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: by standard analytical techniques. Preparative Methods: by distilling Trifluoroacetic Acid from Phosphorus(V) Oxide.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: corrosive and moisture sensitive; toxic by inhalation; should be freshly distilled prior to reaction. Use in a fume hood.
The response of whole and enucleated adrenal cortical tumor cells (Y-1 cells) to ACTH treatment. (1979)

B. Sherwood Dunn has suggested that a skeletal Progressive organization in South Carolina could campaign hard for Theodore Roosevelt and catch their opponents off guard. Dunn believes that Roosevelt could win South Carolina and is willing to dedicate his time to the effort.
A coral-on-a-chip microfluidic platform enabling live-imaging microscopy of reef-building corals (2016)

Coral reefs, and the unique ecosystems they support, are facing severe threats by human activities and climate change. Our understanding of these threats is hampered by the lack of robust approaches for studying the micro-scale interactions between corals and their environment. Here we present an experimental platform, coral-on-a-chip, combining micropropagation and microfluidics to allow direct microscopic study of live coral polyps. The small and transparent coral micropropagates are ideally suited for live-imaging microscopy, while the microfluidic platform facilitates long-term visualization under controlled environmental conditions. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by imaging coral micropropagates at previously unattainable spatio-temporal resolutions, providing new insights into several micro-scale processes including coral calcification, coral-pathogen interaction and the loss of algal symbionts (coral bleaching). Coral-on-a-chip thus provides a powerful method for studying coral physiology in vivo at the micro-scale, opening new vistas in coral biology.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and the risk for coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal population-based study in Finland (2018)

Objective To evaluate if obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) modifies the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications in a gender-specific fashion. Design and setting A longitudinal population-based study with up to 25-year follow-up data on 36 963 individuals (>500 000 person years) from three population-based cohorts: the FINRISK study, the Health 2000 Cohort Study and the Botnia Study. Main outcome measures Incident coronary heart disease, diabetic kidney disease, T2D and all-cause mortality from the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish National Causes-of-Death Register. Results After adjustments for age, sex, region, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, current cigarette smoking, body mass index, hypertension, T2D baseline and family history of stroke or myocardial infarction, OSA increased the risk for coronary heart disease (HR=1.36, p=0.0014, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.64), particularly in women (HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.07, p=0.0012). T2D clustered with OSA independently of obesity (HR=1.48, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.73, p=9.11× 10 − 7 ). The risk of diabetic kidney disease increased 1.75-fold in patients with OSA (95% CI 1.13 to 2.71, p=0.013). OSA increased the risk for coronary heart disease similarly among patients with T2D and in general population (HR=1.36). All-cause mortality was increased by OSA in diabetic individuals (HR=1.35, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.71, p=0.016). Conclusion OSA is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, T2D and diabetic kidney disease. This effect is more pronounced even in women, who until now have received less attention in diagnosis and treatment of OSA than men.
A 2D CMOS microfluxgate sensor system for digital detection of weak magnetic fields (1999)

This paper presents a CMOS two-dimensional (2-D) vector magnetic sensor system integrating two planar microfluxgate sensors and the complete electronics for sensor excitation and signal readout. The system is based on an industrial 0.8-/spl mu/m double-poly, double-metal CMOS technology with ferromagnetic NiFeMo cores added in a simple postprocessing sequence. The fluxgate sensors are embedded in a /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ analog-to-digital converter for a stable and precise digital detection of weak magnetic fields. A cascaded /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator topology is utilized to obtain second-order noise shaping and to suppress pattern noise. Within the range of /spl plusmn/50 /spl mu/T, the system nonlinearity is less than 1.5 /spl mu/T. The angular resolution as a 2D vector sensor is less than 4/spl deg/ for a measured magnetic induction of 50 /spl mu/T. This makes the 2-D microfluxgate magnetometer suitable for use as fully integrated electronic compass.
An Inverse Finite Element Method for the Analysis of Stationary Arc Welding Processes (1986)

An inverse finite element computer code was developed to facilitate the experimental analysis of two-dimensional stationary arc welding processes. The method uses transient temperature data from thermocouples imbedded in the solid region of the work piece to determine through a Newton–Raphson interpolation procedure the transient position of the solid–liquid interface and the transient temperature distribution in the solid region of the work piece. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated through comparison with results obtained with a direct finite element code and through comparison with experiments.
SIGIR 2013 workshop on time aware information access (#TAIA2013) (2013)

Web content increasingly reflects the current state of the physical and social world, manifested both in traditional news media sources along with user-generated publishing sites such as Twitter, Foursquare, and Facebook. At the same time, web searching increasingly reflects problems grounded in the real world. As a result of this blending of the web with the real world, we observe that the web, both in its composition and use, has incorporated many of the dynamics of the real world. Few of the problems associated with searching dynamic collections are well understood, such as defining time-sensitive relevance, understanding user query behavior over time and understanding why certain web content changes.
Radical trans-Hydroboration of Substituted 1,3-Diynes with an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Borane (2021)

Monohydroboration of substituted 1,3-diynes with an <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbene borane (NHC-borane) occurs under radical conditions using an azo initiator, such as ACCN and AIBN, and a thiol as a polarity-reversal catalyst. The reaction is highly regio- and stereoselective and provides stable NHC-(<i>E</i>)-alkynylalkenylboranes.
Using VR for Design and Manufacturing Applications: A Feasibility Study (1996)

Abstract Virtual Reality has been used for several years by architects to bridge the gap between their vision of the product and the finished product. Many of these applications use VR on a completed design and allow minor modifications to the design in the VR environment. This paper presents a feasibility study which was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of VR systems when used for conceptual design and in general, for engineering applications. A truck cab interior was modeled in a virtual environment and several ergonomic tests were performed in this virtual environment. The same tests were performed in a physical prototype of the truck cab and results of the two tests were compared. The virtual reality hardware and software systems used, the design evaluation scenario and the results of the tests are presented.
Intracranial Pressure at High Altitude and Acute Mountain Sickness (1995)

1. Raised intracranial pressure has been noted in severe forms of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral oedema, but the role of intracranial pressure in the pathogenesis of mild to moderate acute mountain sickness is unknown. 2. Serial measurements of intracranial pressure were made indirectly by assessing changes in tympanic membrane displacement in 24 healthy subjects on rapid ascent to 5200 m. 3. Acute hypoxia at 3440 m was associated with a rise in intracranial pressure, but no difference was found in pressure changes at 4120 or 5200 m in subjects with or without symptoms of acute mountain sickness. 4. Raised intracranial pressure, though temporarily associated with acute hypoxia, is not a feature of acute mountain sickness with mild or moderate symptoms.
A Novel Phenomenon Predicting the Entry into a State of Hibernation in Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) (2005)

When Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are bred in a cold and short-day environment, most animals go into hibernation after a certain period of time. However, to date it has not been possible to predict which hamster will enter hibernation. In this study, we subcutaneously implanted thermo-loggers in hamsters bred in the cold environment, and recorded the subcutaneous temperature at short intervals until they went into hibernation. A time series analysis of temperature disclosed that a fall of 0.4 to 0.8 degrees C in subcutaneous temperature was seen 5 to 16 days before entering hibernation, and this phenomenon continued for three days or more. No hamster went into the hibernation without displaying this signal. Although the mechanism by which this phenomenon takes place is not clear, it is a sign from the body, which is useful for indicating if a hamster will enter hibernation shortly.
Deletion of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Modulates Coronary Reactive Hyperemia in Isolated Mouse Heart (2015)

Coronary reactive hyperemia (RH) is impaired in hypertrophic hearts. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exert cardioprotective effects in ischemia / reperfusion injury. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is the main enzyme responsible for EETs breakdown. EETs level is increased in sEH knock‐out mice (sEH ‐/‐ ). We hypothesized that in the absence of sEH, isolated mouse heart exhibits increased RH through increased generation of EETs in response to no‐flow ischemia compared to wild type (sEH +/+ ). Coronary flow (CF) in isolated sEH +/+ and sEH ‐/‐ mouse heart was measured using Langendorff system. Perfused isolated heart was exposed to 15 second ischemia and RH was assessed. Following ischemia, flow repayment volume (RV) was significantly higher in sEH ‐/‐ compared to sEH +/+ (7.6 ± 0.5 in sEH ‐/‐ vs. 5.9 ± 0.7 in sEH +/+ , p&lt;0.05). Moreover, sEH ‐/‐ exhibited significantly higher repayment to debt ratio when compared to sEH +/+ hearts (2.1 ± 0.2 in sEH ‐/‐ vs. 1.5 ± 0.1 in sEH +/+ , p&lt;0.05). Upstream of EETs; the increased in RV in sEH ‐/‐ was significantly decreased by SCH‐58261 (a selective adenosine A 2 A antagonist, 1.0 mM) (6.8 ± 0.8 in sEH ‐/‐ without SCH‐58261 vs. 3.5 ± 0.3 with SCH‐58261, p&lt;0.05). Also, downstream of EETs; T‐0070907 (a selective PPARg antagonist, 10.0 mM) significantly decreased RV in sEH ‐/‐ (7.7 ± 1.2 in sEH ‐/‐ without T‐0070907 vs. 5.4 ± 0.8 with T‐0070907, p&lt;0.05). Our results demonstrate that deletion of sEH increases RH compared to WT and that the enhanced RH is significantly decreased by SCH‐58261 and T‐0070907. These data suggest that targeting or silencing sEH may have a beneficial effect on myocardial recovery from ischemia. Supported by HL‐114559 to MAN and z01‐ES025034 to DCZ
Speaker classification for mobile devices (2008)

User adaptivity is a key topic in the context of mobile devices and applications, and speech is one the sources of information which has more recently been discovered for this purpose. While considerable work has already been done in both finding algorithms and designing well-performing implementations for this speaker classification task on the desktop platform as part of the AGENDER approach, efforts to bring the results to portable platforms in a working framework have been rather scarce so far. This work seeks to state the major aspects that make mobile speaker classification different from its desktop counterpart, and proposes a number of changes and enhancements to the existing infrastructure to fulfill the requirements emerging from it.