gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of enforced exercise on the healing of ligament injuries (1990)

Previous studies have documented that mobilization ad libitum has a beneficial effect on the healing of ligaments as compared to immobilization. This study was undertaken to determine whether enforced exercise (over and above motion ad libitum) would have a further beneficial effect or, instead, an adverse effect on the healing of ligaments. Large male Sprague-Dawley rats with unrepaired transections of the medial collateral ligament were separated into five groups of similar mean weights. Two of these groups had the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial capsule transected in addition to the medial collateral ligament, rendering the knee unstable. The groups were then subjected to varying regimens of enforced exercise (swimming). After 12 days, the mechanical characteristics of the femur, medial collateral ligament, and tibia complex were evaluated. Rats with intact secondary valgus stabilizers (medial capsule and anterior cruciate ligament) that swam daily for either 5 (moderate) or 15 (near exhaustion) minutes were found to have increases in the tensile strength of the femur, medial collateral ligament, tibia complex as compared to rats that did not swim. Unstable knees (with transected secondary valgus stabilizers) did not show an increase in the tensile strength of the femur, medial collateral ligament, tibia complex when subjected to moderate increase in enforced exercise (swimming 5 minutes). The unstable groups were, however, significantly more lax than the groups that underwent identical exercise regimens but had intact secondary valgus stabilizers. Significant differences in the stiffness of the ligaments in the different groups were not detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Discussion on Transmission and Reception of Shear Vertical Wave Propagating along Surface of Test Object (2007)

It is shown that a shear vertical (SV) wave propagating along a surface of a test object can be transmitted and received by angle probes whose angle of refraction is close to a critical angle. In order to investigate this phenomenon, simulation is carried out using the finite difference time domain method. According to the acoustic fields obtained by the simulation, the beam width of a SV wave increases with propagation, and energy associated with the SV wave exists at the surface. Therefore, the transmitted pulse can be received. The phenomenon of SV wave propagation is referred to as SVC (SV wave for a critical angle). This simulation result is verified by an experiment, which showed that the transmitted pulse is applicable to the measurement of SV wave velocity.
Effective Management Of Topical Nosocomial Aspergillus Spp. Infections In Three Severely Burned Patients. (2021)

Nosocomial opportunistic fungal infections by Aspergillus spp. represent increasing morbidity and mortality factors for severely burned patients, who are fragile and immunocompromised. Voriconazole (VRC), a modern antifungal drug, is used as a first-line therapy against systemic mold and yeast infections. Little has been published about the place, relative importance and efficacy of voriconazole in the treatment protocols involving Aspergillus spp. in Burn Centers. The objective of the present work was to assess the place and importance of voriconazole for the treatment of burn patients presenting superficial Aspergillus spp. infections. We performed a retrospective evaluation of VRC treatment in three severely burned patients with superficial nosocomial Aspergillus spp. infections in our Burn Center. Results showed that VRC allowed for control and cure of topical nosocomial Aspergillus spp. infections. In two cases, treatment with VRC had to be discontinued because of hepatotoxicity. In two cases, following or during systemic treatment with VRC, a 1% terbinafine cream was applied to resolve the infection in order to continue standard wound management. Overall, VRC has been shown to be an effective antifungal agent and is an alternative to amphotericin B to fight Aspergillus spp. infections developing in the wounds of severely burned patients.
A robust cell search algorithm for 3GPP LTE (2009)

Mobility handling and performance is of major importance for the 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) system. Therefore it is important for mobile devices to use reliable and robust algorithms for the cell search procedure, i.e. the procedure to detect neighbouring cells that can be used as potential handover candidates. We present a novel, low complexity, robust cell search scheme for LTE. The scheme uses a non-coherent approach and is therefore robust against Doppler spread and phase shifts due to sampling time instant mismatch, which makes it suitable for use in synchronized LTE TDD systems, as well as in high speed scenarios like high speed trains. This paper describes the theory behind the algorithm, and simulation results for LTE TDD showing its superior performance over coherent cell search algorithms are also presented.
An area and energy efficient half-row-paralleled layer LDPC decoder for the 802.11AD standard (2013)

Multi-gigabit LDPC decoders are demanded by standards such as IEEE 802.11ad and IEEE 802.15.3c. In order to achieve high throughput, most published multi-gigabit designs use row-paralleled architecture. In this paper, we proposed a half-row paralleled LDPC decoder with half layer level pipeline and single permutation network for the 802.11ad standard, which reduces the hardware resources almost by half compared to the state-of-the-art row-paralleled LDPC decoder, achieving a good trade-off between energy efficiency and area efficiency. The decoder achieves a throughput of 5.6 Gbps and consumes only 99 mW for the highest coding rate 13/16 at 5 iterations, working at 500 MHz by using 40nm G technology, yielding an energy efficiency of 3.53 pJ/bit/iteration and area efficiency of 35 Gbps/sqmm.
Chemokine-Glycosaminoglycan Binding (2005)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have recently been demonstrated to be required for the in vivo activity of several chemokines. Minimally, the interaction is thought to provide a mechanism for retention at the site of secretion and the formation of chemokine gradients that provide directional cues for receptor bearing cells, particularly in the presence of shear forces. Thus, a key issue will be to determine the sequence and structure of the GAGs that bind to specific chemokines. Herein, we describe a mass spectrometry assay that was developed to detect protein-oligosaccharide noncovalent complexes, in this case chemokine-GAG interactions, and to select for high affinity GAGs. The process is facilitated by the ability of electrospray ionization to transfer the intact noncovalent complexes from solution into the gas phase. The elemental composition as well as the binding stoichiometry can be calculated from the mass of the complex. Ligands of the chemokine receptor, CCR2 (MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, MCP-3/CCL7, MCP-4/CCL13, and Eotaxin/CCL11), and the CCR10 ligand CTACK/CCL27 were screened against a small, highly sulfated, heparin oligosaccharide library with limited structural variation. The results revealed heparin octasaccharides with 11 and 12 sulfates as binders. Oligomerization of some chemokines was observed upon GAG binding, whereas in other instances only the monomeric noncovalent complex was identified. The results indicate that, in contrast to the apparent redundancy in the chemokine system, where several chemokines bind and activate the same receptor, these chemokines could be differentiated into two groups based on the stoichiometry of their complexes with the heparin oligosaccharides.
MR imaging of the portal venous system: value of gradient-echo imaging as an adjunct to spin-echo imaging. (1991)

We evaluated the use of gradient-echo (GRE) as an adjunct to spin-echo (SE) MR imaging of the portal venous system. GRE imaging was performed in 31 subjects, 15 normal volunteers and 16 patients with documented portal venous disease (15 cases) or suspected disease (one case). Eight of 16 patients had venous thrombosis, five had focal thrombus, and three had complete occlusion. Six patients had extrinsic venous compression by tumor. Of the two other patients, one had an arteriovenous fistula and the other a falsely positive angiogram, suggesting portal vein occlusion. In normal subjects, GRE scans had excellent visualization of the portal venous system with high intravascular signal compared with surrounding tissues. Nine (60%) of 15 normal subjects and three patients had an artifact consisting of a curvilinear area of decreased signal that could mimic clot. In three of five patients with focal thrombus, clot was identified on GRE but not on SE images. In all three patients with occlusion, SE and GRE images demonstrated similar findings. In five of the six patients with extrinsic venous compression by tumor, SE and GRE studies showed similar findings. Of the two patients, an arteriovenous fistula was seen on GRE MR in one, and in the other, patency of the left portal vein was seen on SE and GRE images after angiography had suggested portal vein occlusion. Collateral vessels were seen in nine of 16 patients. In five of nine cases, GRE MR demonstrated more extensive collaterals than did SE MR. In summary, GRE MR provides a useful adjunct to standard SE MR imaging. Benefits include high contrast between vascular structures and surrounding tissues, reduced motion artifact, and rapid scanning within a breath-hold.
Stabilization of Creatine Kinase Encapsulated in Silicate Sol−Gel Materials and Unusual Temperature Effects on Its Activity (2002)

The enzyme creatine kinase (CK) is stabilized by encapsulation in silicate sol−gel monoliths. Its activity is measured as a function of long-term storage time at both room temperature and at elevated temperatures and is compared to that in solution. At room temperature, the activity of the encapsulated enzyme decreases to 50% of its initial value after more than 5 months, whereas in solution it decreases to 50% after 10 days. At 47 °C, the immobilized enzyme retains 50% of its maximum activity after 5 days of constant heating compared to that at 13 h in solution. At 60 °C, the immobilized enzyme retains 50% of its maximum activity after 5 h of heating as compared to that for less than an hour in solution. Surprisingly, a 4-fold increase in activity is observed after short exposures to the elevated temperatures. This increase is explained by structural changes in both the enzyme and the sol−gel matrix. The structural integrity and conformational changes of the encapsulated enzyme are observed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The spectrum shows that the initially encapsulated enzyme has a structure different from that in solution but that upon heating the enzyme reverts to a conformation similar to that in solution. In addition, the encapsulated enzyme does not completely denature at temperatures up to 90 °C while in solution the midpoint temperature of the unfolding transition is 75 °C. These effects are interpreted in terms of electrostatic interactions between the positively charged patches on the enzyme's surface and the sol−gel matrix and to conformational changes within the pores upon heating. Heat treatment also affects the silica matrix by increasing the pore size as measured by gas absorption/desorption isotherms. The increase may allow small changes in the enzyme's structure, but in general the pore constrains the enzyme and inhibits denaturation.
Bidirectional 400-Gb/s transmission by 100GbE Optical Sub-Assemblies and a Cyclic Arrayed Waveguide Grating (2015)

We propose a bidirectional 400-Gb/s configuration that uses optical sub-assemblies for 100-Gb/s Ethernet and a cyclic arrayed waveguide grating. The feasibility of a 10-km fiber transmission of 28-Gbaud 8λ-PAM4 and a compact transceiver are shown.
INNOVATIONS IN IMPREGNATION TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHWAY CONCRETE (1975)

Corrosion of reinforcing steel due to the penetration of deicing salts poses a considerable problem in bridge decks. One approach that has received much attention has been impregnation of the bridge deck with a liquid monomer followed by polymerization to effectively seal the capillary pores against salt intrusion. This approach is technically feasible in the field. The present impregnation techniques, however, are costly in terms of energy, materials, and time, and simplifications and improvement would be desirable. In this paper, results are described of preliminary experiments with sulfur, tar, and mixtures of the two as surface impregnants and with a pressure-mat technique for mechanically assisting monomer or sealant penetration. It is shown that the impregnation of portland cement concrete and mortar by molten sulfur, tar, and an 80:20 mixture of the two yields significant reductions in moisture absorption and increases in strength and that, in the case of concrete slabs, predrying may not be necessary. It is also shown that pressure mechanically applied to patterned rubber mats can effect uniform impregnation with a monomer such as methylmethacrylate or with a sealant such as tar or linseed oil. Such an impregnation could conceivably be effected by using rollers. Thus, initial feasibility of two potential improvements in concrete impregnation processes has been demonstrated.
Intravenous Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02467387.
ChemInform Abstract: A CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF THIOL EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF GOLD(I) THIOMALATE (′MYOCRISIN′) INCLUDING APPLICATIONS TO CYSTEINE DERIVATIVES (1982)

Abstract Die Reaktionen zwischen Gold(I)‐thiomalat bei pH 7 und einer Reihe von Thiolen (I)‐(VI) mit einem pK SH ‐Wert von 7.6 (Thioglucose) bis 10.2 (Mercaptoessigsäure) werden 13 C‐NMR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
Synthetic biology: at the crossroads of genetic engineering and human therapeutics—a Keystone Symposia report (2021)

Synthetic biology has the potential to transform cell- and gene-based therapies for a variety of diseases. Sophisticated tools are now available for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to engineer cells to selectively achieve therapeutic effects in response to one or more disease-related signals, thus sparing healthy tissue from potentially cytotoxic effects. This report summarizes the Keystone eSymposium "Synthetic Biology: At the Crossroads of Genetic Engineering and Human Therapeutics," which took place on May 3 and 4, 2021. Given that several therapies engineered using synthetic biology have entered clinical trials, there was a clear need for a synthetic biology symposium that emphasizes the therapeutic applications of synthetic biology as opposed to the technical aspects. Presenters discussed the use of synthetic biology to improve T cell, gene, and viral therapies, to engineer probiotics, and to expand upon existing modalities and functions of cell-based therapies.
uLink (2016)

Web deep links are instrumental to many fundamental user experiences such as navigating to one web page from another, bookmarking a page, or sharing it with others. Such experiences are not possible with individual pages inside mobile apps, since historically mobile apps did not have links equivalent to web deep links. Mobile deep links, introduced in recent years, still lack many important properties of web deep links. Unlike web links, mobile deep links need significant developer effort, cover a small number of predefined pages, and are defined statically to navigate to a page for a given link, but not to dynamically generate a link for a given page. We propose uLink, a novel deep linking mechanism that addresses these problems. uLink is implemented as an application library, which transparently tracks data- and UI-event-dependencies of app pages, and encodes the information in links to the pages; when a link is invoked, the information is utilized to recreate the target page quickly and accurately. uLink also employs techniques, based on static and dynamic analysis of the app, that can provide feedback to users about whether a link may break in the future due to, e.g., modifications of external resources such as a file the link depends on. We have implemented uLink on Android. Our evaluation with 34 (of 1000 most downloaded) Android apps shows that compared to existing mobile deep links, uLink requires minimal developer effort, achieves significantly higher coverage, and can provide accurate user feedback on a broken link.
Using Layered Division Multiplexing for Wireless In-Band Distribution Links in Next Generation Broadcast Systems (2020)

To meet the ever increasing demand for better service quality and availability, the next generation digital TV (DTV) broadcast, a.k.a., the ATSC 3.0, is developed with new capabilities to deliver 4K ultra-high-definition (4K-UHD) services to fixed receivers, robust HD-quality services to mobile receivers, as well as non-broadcast services (e.g., broadband), including Internet of Things (IoT), Connected Vehicles, etc. To realize these capabilities, it becomes necessary to evolve the existing single-transmitter high-power-high-tower (HPHT) network to multi-transmitter low-power-low-tower single-frequency-networks (SFN), which requires installing new transmitters. Each new transmitter needs a feederlink to receive the service data from the broadcast gateway (BG) for transmission. This feederlink contributes to a significant portion of installation and operational costs of the new transmitters. This paper proposes a wireless in-band distribution link (WIDL) technology, where the distribution data is delivered to the newly deployed transmitters from the existing DTV towers wirelessly sharing the same TV band with the broadcast services. The distribution signal is multiplexed with service signal in the same ATSC 3.0 waveform. Layered division multiplexing (LDM) technology is proposed to achieve more efficient transmission of the distribution signal. The WIDL offers better performance and more robust operation than the on-channel repeater (OCR) technologies. More importantly, it offers the possibility of delivering backhaul data for future applications over the DTV infrastructure, such as IoT and connected vehicles. Therefore, the proposed WIDL is one enabling technology to achieve convergence of broadcast services with broadband and other wireless services on the DTV spectrum.
Distributed Fluorescence Oxygen Sensor (1988)

The evanescent field of light propagating in an optical fiber core extends into the cladding; this can cause the optical absorbance of the cladding to affect the transmission loss of the fiber itself. The fact that the evanescent fields of propagating modes in the fiber extend into the cladding also means that the inverse effect is possible: light generated in the cladding can be coupled to guided modes and transmitted over long distances. This work describes a fluorescence-based distributed oxygen sensor which makes use of this process.
Fuel requirements of spark ignition engines (2017)

This paper reviews the fundamental requirements of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for spark ignition engines, namely that the fuel should vaporise satisfactorily and burn in a controlled manner. The phenomenon of knock and the development of the octane scale are discussed. The variation in the pressure–time histories for different engines is discussed, together with the reason why this leads to different fuel requirements. The difference in the octane rating tests and the way in which engine downsizing exacerbates these differences in the pressure–time histories are discussed. The applicability of the research octane number and the motor octane number to modern engines is reviewed, together with the phenomena of low-speed pre-ignition and superknock. The effects of the hydrocarbon fuel distillation characteristics on the driveability and the emissions are reviewed and discussed with respect to the historical context and the current legislative requirements. Brief mention is made of other fuel requirements such as the density, the gum content and the aromatic content.
Morpho: A Self-Deformable Modular Robot Inspired by Cellular Structure (2008)

We present a modular robot design inspired by the creation of complex structures and functions in biology via deformation. Our design is based on the Tensegrity model of cellular structure, where active filaments within the cell contract and expand to control individual cell shape, and sheets of such cells undergo large-scale shape change through the cooperative action of connected cells. Such deformations play a role in many processes, e.g. early embryo shape change and lamprey locomotion. Modular robotic systems that replicate the basic deformable multicellular structure have the potential to quickly generate large-scale shape change and create dynamic shapes to achieve different global functions. Based on this principle, our design includes four different modular components: (1) active links, (2) passive links, (3) surface membranes, and (4) interfacing cubes. In hardware implementation, we show several self-deformable structures that can be generated from these components, including a self-deformable surface, expandable cube, terrain-adaptive bridge [C.-H. Yu et al., 2007]. We present experiments to demonstrate that such robotic structures are able to perform real time deformation to adapt to different environments. In simulation, we show that these components can be configured into a variety of bio-inspired robots, such as an amoeba-like robot and a tissue-inspired material. We argue that self-deformation is well-suited for dynamic and sensing-adaptive shape change in modular robotics.
In vivo genome editing and organoid transplantation models of colorectal cancer and metastasis (2017)

In vivo interrogation of the function of genes implicated in tumorigenesis is limited by the need to generate and cross germline mutant mice. Here we describe approaches to model colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis, which rely on in situ gene editing and orthotopic organoid transplantation in mice without cancer-predisposing mutations. Autochthonous tumor formation is induced by CRISPR-Cas9-based editing of the Apc and Trp53 tumor suppressor genes in colon epithelial cells and by orthotopic transplantation of Apc-edited colon organoids. ApcΔ/Δ;KrasG12D/+;Trp53Δ/Δ (AKP) mouse colon organoids and human CRC organoids engraft in the distal colon and metastasize to the liver. Finally, we apply the orthotopic transplantation model to characterize the clonal dynamics of Lgr5+ stem cells and demonstrate sequential activation of an oncogene in established colon adenomas. These experimental systems enable rapid in vivo characterization of cancer-associated genes and reproduce the entire spectrum of tumor progression and metastasis.
Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3) Is Down-Regulated in Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis (2020)

Endometriosis is a major cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Activation of STAT3 appears central to the inflammatory phenotype of eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis. However, the molecular mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown. Our objective is to determine how STAT3 activity is regulated in endometriosis. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) is a negative regulator of STAT3 activity. We examined the levels of PIAS3 in endometrium from women with and without endometriosis using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Levels of PIAS3 are significantly lower, in contrast with phosphorylation of STAT3, in women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. Furthermore, induction of endometriosis in the baboon showed a significant reduction of PIAS3 expression during the progression of the disease. Interferon-γ (INFγ) reduces PIAS3 protein levels and increases phospho-STAT3 levels through CXCL10 in endometrial cells, Ishikawa, and 12Z cells. These results suggest that attenuation of PIAS3 causes aberrant activation of STAT3 in endometriosis, leading to inflammatory changes that may impair fertility or cause pain.