gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards continuous non-invasive blood pressure measurements—interpretation of the vasculature response to cuff inflation (2023)

Blood pressure (BP) surrogates, such as pulse transit time (PTT) or pulse arrival time (PAT), have been intensively explored with the goal of achieving cuffless, continuous, and accurate BP inference. In order to estimate BP, a one-point calibration strategy between PAT and BP is typically used. Recent research focuses on advanced calibration procedures exploiting the cuff inflation process to improve calibration robustness by active and controlled modulation of peripheral PAT, as measured via plethysmograph (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) combination. Such methods require a detailed understanding of the mechanisms behind the vasculature's response to cuff inflation; for this, a model has recently been developed to infer the PAT-BP calibration from measured cuff-induced vasculature changes. The model, while promising, is still preliminary and only partially validated; in-depth analysis and further developments are still needed. Therefore, this work aims to improve our understanding of the cuff-vasculature interaction in this model; we seek to define potential opportunities and to highlight which aspects may require further study. We compare model behaviors with clinical data samples based on a set of observable characteristics relevant for BP inference and calibration. It is found that the observed behaviors are qualitatively well represented with the current simulation model and complexity, with limitations regarding the prediction of the onset of the distal arm dynamics and behavior changes at high cuff pressures. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the model's parameter space is conducted to show the factors that influence the characteristics of its observable outputs. It was revealed that easily controllable experimental variables, such as lateral cuff length and inflation rate, have a significant impact on cuff-induced vasculature changes. An interesting dependency between systemic BP and cuff-induced distal PTT change is also found, revealing opportunities for improved methods for BP surrogate calibration. However, validation via patient data shows that this relation does not hold for all patients, indicating required model improvements to be validated in follow up studies. These results provide promising directions to improve the calibration process featuring cuff inflation towards accurate and robust non-invasive blood pressure estimation.
Growth of Giant Rodlike Micelles of Ionic Surfactant in the Presence of Al3+ Counterions (1998)

To interpret quantitatively experimental data for the growth of rodlike anionic surfactant micelles in the presence of Al3+ ions, we undertook experimental and theoretical investigations. We determined the micelle size, shape, and interactions by light scattering and examined the binding of Al3+ ions to the micelles by ultrafiltration. Independent static and dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that the effect of the micelle−micelle interactions in these solutions can be neglected. The major factor promoting the micelle growth turns out to be the binding of Al3+ ions to the micelle surfaces, which considerably affects the standard chemical potential of the aggregated surfactant molecules and can alter the micellization constant by orders of magnitude. The latter effect was described theoretically. The model of micelle growth, extended in this way, compared well with the experimental data. The model provides a quantitative description of the micelle size and charge as functions of the surfactant and electrolyte concentrations. It turns out that the rodlike micelles have a lower surface charge than the spherical ones, and this makes their growth energetically favorable. A practical application may follow from the markedly greater solubilization efficiency of the studied rodlike micelles compared to the spherical ones.
Physical map of human Xq27-qter: localizing the region of the fragile X mutation. (1991)

We describe a physical map of the end of the long arm of the human X chromosome encompassing the region from Xq27.2 to the q telomere, inclusive of the chromosomal band Xq28. This region is of particular interest, since it contains the highest density of genes associated with genetic diseases. The map covers a total of 12 megabases (Mb) of DNA and extends from the telomere to 3 Mb beyond the most likely position of the fragile X mutation, defined by a cluster of translocation breakpoints in somatic cell hybrids. The map determines order and position of loci throughout the Xq28 region and localizes cell line breakpoints marking the fragile X region to an interval of 300-700 kilobases between 8 and 8.7 Mb proximal of the Xq telomere.
Identification of Differentially Expressed and Spliced Genes with RNA Sequencing Analysis of CLL Specimens (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4582 High throughput sequencing of cellular mRNA provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome. Besides identifying differentially expressed genes in different cell types, it also provides information of mRNA isoforms and splicing alterations. We have analyzed two CLL specimens and a normal peripheral blood B cells mRNA by this approach and performed data analysis to identify differentially expressed and spliced genes. The result showed CLLs specimens express approximately 40% more transcripts compared to normal B cells. The FPKM data (fragment per kilobase of exon per million) revealed a higher transcript expression on chromosome 12 in CLL#1 indicating the presence of trisomy 12, which was confirmed by fluorescent in-situ hybridization assay. With a two-fold change in FPKM as a cutoff and a p value cutoff of 0.05 as compared to the normal B cell control, 415 genes and 174 genes in CLL#1 and 676 and 235 genes in CLL#2 were up and downregulated or differentially expressed. In these two CLL specimens, 45% to 75% of differentially expressed genes are common to both the CLL specimens indicating that genetically disparate CLL specimens have a high percentage of a core set of genes that are potentially important for CLL biology. Selected differentially expressed genes with increased expression (selectin P ligand, SELPLG, and adhesion molecule interacts with CXADR antigen 1, AMICA) and decreased (Fos, Jun, CD69 and Rhob) expression based on the FPKM from RNA-sequencing data were also analyzed in additional CLL specimens by real time PCR analysis. The expression data from RNA-seq closely matches the fold-change in expression as measured by RT-PCR analysis and confirms the validity of the RNA-seq analysis. Interestingly, Fos was identified as one of the most downregulated gene in CLL. Using the Cufflinks and Cuffdiff software, the splicing patterns of genes in CLL specimens and normal B cells were analyzed. Approximately, 1100 to 1250 genes in the two CLL specimens were significantly differentially spliced as compared to normal B cells. In this analysis as well, there is a core set of 800 common genes which are differentially spliced in the two CLL specimens. The RNA-sequencing analysis accurately identifies differentially expressed novel genes and splicing variations that will help us understand the biology of CLL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Acute Effect on the Aβ Isoform Pattern in CSF in Response to γ-Secretase Modulator and Inhibitor Treatment in Dogs (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain, which is reflected by low concentration of the Aβ(1-42) peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The γ-secretase inhibitor LY450139 (semagacestat) lowers plasma Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) in a dose-dependent manner but has no clear effect on the CSF level of these isoforms. Less is known about the potent γ-secretase modulator E2012. Using targeted proteomics techniques, we recently identified several shorter Aβ isoforms in CSF, such as Aβ(1-16), which is produced by a novel pathway. In a Phase II clinical trial on AD patients, Aβ(1-14), Aβ(1-15) and Aβ(1-16) increased several-fold during γ-secretase inhibitor treatment. In the present study, 9 dogs were treated with a single dose of the γ-secretase modulator E2012, the γ-secretase inhibitor LY450139, or vehicle with a dosing interval of 1 week. The CSF Aβ isoform pattern was analyzed by immunoprecipitation combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We show here that Aβ(1-15) and Aβ(1-16) increase while Aβ(1-34) decreases in response to treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor LY450139, which is in agreement with previous studies. The isoform Aβ(1-37) was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in response to treatment with E2012, while Aβ(1-39), Aβ(1-40) and A(1-42) decreased. The data presented suggests that the γ-secretase modulator E-2012 alters the cleavage site preference of γ-secretase. The increase in Aβ(1-37) may inhibit Aβ(1-42) oligomerization and toxicity.
An attempt to establish real-world databases of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (2023)

The development of new treatments for gynecological malignancies has been conducted mainly through collaborative international phase III trials led by the United States and Europe. The survival outcomes of many gynecological malignancies have greatly improved as a result. Recent large-scale genome-wide association studies have revealed that drug efficacy and adverse event profiles are not always uniform. Thus, it is important to validate new treatment options in each country to safely and efficiently provide newly developed treatment options to patients with gynecological malignancies. The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) is conducting 5 cohort studies (JGOG 3026, 3027, 3028, 3030, and 3031) to establish real-world data (RWD) of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor use in patients with advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. The RWD constructed will be used to provide newly developed PARP inhibitors for women with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer in a safer and more efficient manner as well as to develop further treatment options. In 2022, The JGOG, Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group, Chinese Gynecologic Cancer Society, and Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group established the East Asian Gynecologic Oncology Trial Group to collaborate with East Asian countries in clinical research on gynecologic malignancies and disseminate new knowledge on gynecologic malignancies from Asia. The JGOG will conduct a collaborative integrated analysis of the RWD generated from Asian countries and disseminate real-world clinical knowledge regarding new treatment options that have been clinically implemented.
Best Practices for Optimal LAG/ECMP Component Link Utilization in Provider Backbone networks (2012)

The demands on the networking infrastructure are growing
exponentially; the drivers are bandwidth hungry rich media
applications, inter data center communications etc. In this context,
it is important to optimally use the bandwidth in the service provider
backbone networks which extensively use LAG/ECMP techniques for
bandwidth scaling. This internet draft describes the issues faced in
the service provider backbone in the context of LAG/ECMP and
formulates best practice recommendations for managing the bandwidth
efficiently in the service provider backbone. Internet-Draft Best
Practices for Optimal LAG/ECMP Component Link Utilization in Provider
Backbone networks October 2012
Ankle Plantarflexor Muscle Forces During Loaded Vertical Jumps (2021)

Hexagonal barbell (HB) loaded jumps are often used in training to increase lower extremity power. The effect of external load on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during jumping has been described, but how individual muscles accommodate to these loads has not. Given the significant contribution of plantarflexors to acceleration and total power, an understanding of how the ankle musculature individually performs during loaded jumps would be advantageous. PURPOSE: To describe the effects of load on ankle musculature during the concentric phase of loaded HB jumps. METHODS: 10 male collegiate athletes (20.4 ± 2.4 y; 108.8 ± 14.0 kg) performed 5 maximal HB jumps at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of their HB deadlift 1-repetition maximum (216.6 ± 10.9 kg). Filtered Ground reaction forces (300 Hz) and 3D lower extremity marker trajectories (6 Hz) were input into a 23 DOF musculoskeletal model and muscle forces were estimated with static optimization. Peak muscle force (xBW) was calculated for the gastrocnemius (GASpeak) and soleus (SOLpeak), as well as time to peak force (ms; GAStime, SOLtime). Analysis of variance and LSD post hoc comparisons were used for analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Significant increases were found in GASpeak across loads (0%: 2.14 ± 0.10 xBW; 20%: 2.47 ± 0.14 xBW; 40%: 2.72 ± 0.12 xBW; 60%: 2.85 ± 0.14 xBW) with significance between each load (all p ≤ 0.038). Significant increases were noted in SOLtime across loads (0%: 71.80 ± 13.03 ms; 20%: 116.83 ± 23.26 ms; 40%: 157.40 ± 24.95 ms; 60%: 177.93 ± 34.50 ms), with significant comparisons between 0% and all other loads and between 20% and heavier loads (all p ≤ 0.038). Significant increases were also found in GAStime across loads (0%: 212.40 ± 11.67 ms; 20%: 243.13 ± 13.19 ms; 40%: 308.90 ± 15.36 ms; 60%: 355.68 ± 25.80 ms). Significant comparisons were noted between nearly all loads (all p ≤ 0.028), with the exception of between 0% and 20%. There was no significant difference in SOLpeak across loads (p = 0.122). CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with muscle force-velocity mechanics, higher loads elicited higher peak muscle forces in the gastrocnemius and increased time to peak force in both muscles. Despite the observation of greater muscle force, the increased time to peak force may indicate diminished transferability of this training to the high-speed movement of vertical jump.
X-ray Dark-Field Chest Imaging: Qualitative and Quantitative Results in Healthy Humans (2021)

Background X-ray dark-field radiography takes advantage of the wave properties of x-rays, with a relatively high signal in the lungs due to the many air-tissue interfaces in the alveoli. Purpose To describe the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of x-ray dark-field images in healthy human subjects. Materials and Methods Between October 2018 and January 2020, patients of legal age who underwent chest CT as part of their diagnostic work-up were screened for study participation. Inclusion criteria were a normal chest CT scan, the ability to consent, and the ability to stand upright without help. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, serious medical conditions, and changes in the lung tissue, such as those due to cancer, pleural effusion, atelectasis, emphysema, infiltrates, ground-glass opacities, or pneumothorax. Images of study participants were obtained by using a clinical x-ray dark-field prototype, recently constructed and commissioned at the authors' institution, to simultaneously acquire both attenuation-based and dark-field thorax radiographs. Each subject's total dark-field signal was correlated with his or her lung volume, and the dark-field coefficient was correlated with age, sex, weight, and height. Results Overall, 40 subjects were included in this study (average age, 62 years ± 13 [standard deviation]; 26 men, 14 women). Normal human lungs have high signal, while the surrounding osseous structures and soft tissue have very low and no signal, respectively. The average dark-field signal was 2.5 m<sup>-1</sup> ± 0.4 of examined lung tissue. There was a correlation between the total dark-field signal and the lung volume (<i>r</i> = 0.61, <i>P</i> < .001). No difference was found between men and women (<i>P</i> = .78). Also, age (<i>r</i> = -0.18, <i>P</i> = .26), weight (<i>r</i> = 0.24, <i>P</i> = .13), and height (<i>r</i> = 0.01, <i>P</i> = .96) did not influence dark-field signal. Conclusion This study introduces qualitative and quantitative values for x-ray dark-field imaging in healthy human subjects. The quantitative x-ray dark-field coefficient is independent from demographic subject parameters, emphasizing its potential in diagnostic assessment of the lung. ©RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Hatabu and Madore in this issue.
Nutritional Interventions in Aging and Age‐Associated Diseases (2007)

Dietary interventions have proven to be the most robust and consistent means of ameliorating the diseases and dysfunctions of aging. A large literature includes both quantitative (caloric restriction [CR]) and qualitative (micronutrients, antioxidants, etc.) alterations of nutrient and caloric intake and the resulting positive outcomes for age-related disease protection, maintenance of vitality, and quantitative and qualitative life-span extension. In recognition of the importance of this research area, two sessions concerning nutritional interventions in aging and age-associated diseases were organized for this symposium, one dealing with diet and the other with dietary supplements. This brief report covers both, providing selected examples of the most recent research into both these types of interventions and their mechanisms of action.
A Delicate Universe: Compactification Obstacles to D-brane Inflation (2007)

We investigate whether explicit models of warped D-brane inflation are possible in string compactifications. To this end, we study the potential for D3-brane motion in a warped conifold that includes holomorphically embedded D7-branes involved in moduli stabilization. The presence of the D7-branes significantly modifies the inflaton potential. We construct an example based on a very simple and symmetric embedding due to Kuperstein, z1= const, in which it is possible to fine-tune the potential so that slow-roll inflation can occur. The resulting model is rather delicate: inflation occurs in the vicinity of an inflection point, and the cosmological predictions are extremely sensitive to the precise shape of the potential.
Anticipatory robot path planning in human environments (2016)

Robot path planning in human environments benefits significantly from considering more than obstacle avoidance, and recent works in this area proposed safety and comfort considerations. One shortcoming of current approaches is that humans' behavior is modeled as independent of robot's motions. In this work, we aim to give this anticipation ability to a robot by simulating people's reaction to robot's motion during planning. Our approach is based on extracting a static plan using A* search on the grid map by minimizing safety, disturbance and path length costs and then refining it by simulating humans' reaction using the Social Force Model. With two example scenarios in simulation and two on the real system, we provide qualitative examination of the resulting robot paths and demonstrate that robots can exhibit social behaviors that is not possible to model with standard approaches. This work serves as a primer for quantitative user studies, and we hope will urge future robot path planners to consider a richer set of social capabilities.
A quantitative, multi-national and multi-stakeholder assessment of barriers to the adoption of cell therapies (2017)

Cellular therapies, such as stem cell-based treatments, have been widely researched and numerous products and treatments have been developed. Despite this, there has been relatively limited use of these technologies in the healthcare sector. This study sought to investigate the perceived barriers to this more widespread adoption. An anonymous online questionnaire was developed, based on the findings of a pilot study. This was distributed to an audience of clinicians, researchers and commercial experts in 13 countries. The results were analysed for all respondents, and also sub-grouped by geographical region, and by profession of respondents. The results of the study showed that the most significant barrier was manufacturing, with other factors such as efficacy, regulation and cost-effectiveness being identified by the different groups. This study further demonstrates the need for these important issues to be addressed during the development of cellular therapies to enable more widespread adoption of these treatments.
Quantitative Tabletop EUV Phase-Contrast, Coherent Diffraction Imaging Microscope (2014)

We demonstrate the utility of our CDI-based EUV microscope by quantitatively imaging objects in transmission and reflection. Feature depth is obtained in transmission and height is extracted in the first general, tabletop reflection CDI microscope.
An antibody-based ELISA for quantification of Ani s 1, a major allergen fromAnisakis simplex (2008)

Anisakis simplex is a nematode parasite that can infect humans who have eaten raw or undercooked seafood. Larvae invading the gastrointestinal mucosa excrete/secrete proteins that are implicated in the pathogenesis of anisakiasis and can induce IgE-mediated symptoms. Since Ani s 1 is a potent secreted allergen with important clinical relevance, its measurement could assess the quality of allergenic products used in diagnosis/immunotherapy of Anisakis allergy and track the presence of A. simplex parasites in fish foodstuffs. An antibody-based ELISA for quantification of Ani s 1 has been developed based on monoclonal antibody 4F2 as capture antibody and biotin-labelled polyclonal antibodies against Ani s 1 as detection reagent. The dose-response standard curves, obtained with natural and recombinant antigens, ranged from 4 to 2000 ng/ml and were identical and parallel to that of the A. simplex extract. The linear portion of the dose-response curve with nAni s 1 was between 15 and 250 ng/ml with inter-assay and intra-assays coefficients of variation less than 20% and 10%, respectively. The assay was specific since there was no cross-reaction with other extracts (except Ascaris extracts) and was highly sensitive (detection limit of 1.8 ng/ml), being able to detect Ani s 1 in fish extracts from codfish and monkfish.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR)‐Mediated Potentiation of Cyclic AMP Responses Does Not Require Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis: Mediation by a Group II‐Like mGluR (1995)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the CNS are coupled to a variety of second messenger systems, the best characterized of which is activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Recently, we found that activation of mGluRs in rat brain slices by the selective mGluR agonist 1-aminocyclopentane-1S,3R-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD) potentiates cyclic AMP (cAMP) responses elicited by activation of other receptors coupled to Gs. It has been suggested that mGluR-mediated potentiation of cAMP responses is secondary to activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. However, preliminary evidence suggests that this is not the case. Therefore, we designed a series of experiments to test more fully the hypothesis that mGluR-mediated potentiation of cAMP responses is secondary to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Inhibitors of both protein kinase C and intracellular calcium mobilization failed to antagonize 1S,3R-ACPD-stimulated potentiation of cAMP responses. Further, coapplication of phorbol esters and 1S,3R-ACPD induced a cAMP response that was greater than additive. Finally, (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, a selective agonist of mGluRs coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, failed to potentiate cAMP responses, whereas (2S,1'R,2'R,3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine, an mGluR agonist that does not activate mGluRs coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, elicited a robust potentiation of cAMP responses. In total, these data strongly suggest that mGluR-mediated potentiation of cAMP responses is not secondary to activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis and is likely mediated by a group II mGluR.