gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power deep-ultraviolet light generation at 266 nm from frequency quadrupling of a picosecond pulsed 1064 nm laser with a Nd:YVO4 amplifier pumped by a 914 nm laser diode (2023)

We report the generation of picosecond pulsed light at a 266 nm wavelength with an average power of 53 W. We developed a picosecond pulsed 1064 nm laser source with an average power of 261 W, a repetition rate of 1 MHz, and a pulse duration of 14 ps, using a gain-switched DFB laser diode as a seed laser and a 914 nm laser-diode-pumped Nd-doped YVO<sub>4</sub> power amplifier. We achieved stable generation of 266 nm light with an average power of 53 W from frequency quadrupling using an LBO and a CLBO crystals. The amplified power of 261 W and the 266 nm average power of 53 W from the 914 nm pumped Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> amplifier are the highest ever reported, to the best of our knowledge.
A New Procedure for Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Iodoacetoxylation of Protected Glycals and α‐1,2‐Cyclopropanated Sugars (2007)

Protected glycals and α‐1,2‐cyclopropanated sugars were converted in high yields and selectivities in less than 2 h at low temperatures to 2‐deoxy‐2‐iodoglycosyl acetates or novel 2‐deoxy‐2‐iodomethylglycosyl acetates using the simple, inexpensive reagent mixture of ammonium iodide, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic anhydride/acetic acid in acetonitrile. The protected glycals gave rise to 2‐deoxy‐2‐bromoglycosyl acetates when ammonium bromide was used instead of the iodide, although longer reaction times were required and selectivities were inferior. Other simple olefins such as styrene and indene were also converted to their corresponding 1,2‐trans‐iodoacetates.
Application of Surfactants in Personal Care Products (1996)

The use of surfactants in personal care products falls into two categories: hair care (cleansing) and skincare. In hair-care, two different developments are apparent: the search for mild surfactants and for conditioning agents. Also, the combination of surfactants with other ingredients can result in special characteristics of shampoos. Since the development of rinses, which employ cationic surfactants that adhere to hair, researchers try to improve the surface treatment of hair.In skincare, highly functional ingredients require new surfactants. In addition, surfactants that allow the formation of highly structured complexes such as liposomes or liquid crystals, which resemble natural structures, are being developed.
Multiple Recognition of Barbiturate Guests by “Hamilton‐Receptor”‐Functionalized Dendrimers (2004)

The well-known unsubstituted "Hamilton receptor" was monofunctionalized with an amino group and attached at the periphery of poly(propyleneamine) dendrimers through the use of an activated ester. Four generations of Hamilton-receptor-functionalized dendrimers (HR-dendrimers) were synthesized and characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of the HR-dendrimers were investigated by UV/Vis as well as with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The dendrimers were used as multivalent hosts for the barbiturate guests Barbital (7) and [Re(Br)(CO)(3)(barbi-bpy)] (8; barbi-bpy=5-[4-(4'-methyl)-2,2'-bipyridyl]methyl-2,4,6-(1 H,3 H,5 H)-pyrimidinetrione). The stable adducts formed between the dendritic architectures (the hosts) and the barbiturate guests 7 and 8 were investigated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and photophysical methods. The binding constants of the barbiturate guests for binding to reference compound 2 (with a single receptor unit) in chloroform were found to be 1.4 x 10(3) M(-1) and 1.5 x 10(5) M(-1) for 7 and 8, respectively. Binding of 7 to the dendrimers enhances the weak emission of the Hamilton receptor. This increase in emission is also generation dependent; it was found to be most pronounced in the case of 2 and the least in the case of the fourth-generation dendrimer 6. The unexpected increase in the quantum yield of emission from the HR-dendrimers with increasing generation could be caused by the rather rigid conformation of the Hamilton receptors in later-generation compounds, which is a result of intramolecular aggregation and steric hindrance at the periphery of the dendrimer. The photoinduced energy transfer from the excited state of the HR-dendrimers to the lower-lying excited state of the guest 8 was used to probe the formation of host-guest complexes. The rate of energy transfer was calculated to be 3.6 x 10(10) s(-1). Energy transfer in 2 subset 8 only occurred in the presence of a strong base, which shows that the basic amine core in the HR-dendrimers is crucial for this photoinduced process. The binding of 8 to the dendrimers is completely reversible: 8 can be exchanged with a competitive guest such as 7 and the emission of the HR-dendrimer is restored.
5-HT Reuptake Inhibitors with 5-HT1B/1DAntagonistic Activity:  A New Approach toward Efficient Antidepressants (2000)

As part of our research program toward new, potential antidepressants, a series of unsymmetrical ureas has been prepared and evaluated as 5-HT reuptake inhibitors with 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activities. The design of these compounds was based on coupling of various indole derivatives, previously shown to inhibit 5-HT reuptake, to three different aniline moieties, which are part of known 5-HT(1B/1D) ligands. Binding experiments in rat frontal cortex using [(125)I]iodocyanopindolol, in calf striatum using [(3)H]5-HT, and in rat hippocampus using [(3)H]8-OH-DPAT as radioligands, respectively, revealed significantly higher affinity at the 5-HT(1B) receptor as compared to the affinities for the 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1D) receptors for a number of compounds, among them 4-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid [4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amide (5), the corresponding 4-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl analogue 21a, and the corresponding 6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl analogue 21b. Conformational restriction of the aniline moiety in 5 only slightly enhanced the 5-HT(1B) affinity, whereas introduction of an aniline moiety with higher conformational flexibility resulted in a less potent 5-HT(1B) receptor ligand as compared to 5. The functional 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonistic activity was investigated using the rabbit saphenous vein model as well as the [(3)H]5-HT release from guinea pig cortical slices. All new compounds tested in the rabbit saphenous vein model were shown to antagonize the sumatriptan-evoked contractile responses with pA(2) values ranging from 7.3 to 8.7. These observations were consistent with the results of the cortical slice model, in which the ureas were found to block the sumatriptan-induced inhibition of potassium-evoked [(3)H]5-HT release. The 5-HT reuptake inhibition of the ureas determined in rat brain synaptosomes was found to be either increased or decreased as compared to the uncoupled indole derivatives indicating that the reuptake inhibition shown by the ureas is not only due to the indole part but also affected by the aniline moiety of the molecule. Among this series of compounds described the ureas 5, 21a, and 21b seem to be the most interesting candidates showing both 5-HT reuptake inhibition and 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonism in vitro. This dual pharmacological profile should in theory lead to a pronounced enhancement in serotonergic neurotransmission and consequently to a more efficient treatment of depression.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reactions and Michael Type Additions with 6(R)‐ 3′(R)‐Pantolactone‐Substituted 2H‐Pyran‐3(6H)‐one. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth of GaAs by Cold-Wall Metalorganic-Chloride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1990)

This report describes the first successful growth of GaAs by metalorganic-chloride vapor phase epitaxy in a cold-wall-type reactor. Triethylgallium was adopted as the group III source material, and AsCl 3 instead of fatally toxic AsH 3 was used as the arsenic source. Growth rates of about 10 µm/h with mirror like surfaces were obtained at the growth temperature of 650°C. The growth rate study on this system showed that mass transport was the rate-determining step in the overall process.
Erratum: Multigram Synthesis of pivZPhos Ligand (2023)

Correction to: Cu-Catalyzed Hydrogermylation of Dehydro Amino AcidsSynfacts 2023; 19(02): 0204DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753221
A 1.3 m facetted reflectarray in Ku band (2012)

Thales Alenia Space and its partners have developed a facetted reflectarray, made of five flat panels arranged along an offset parabolic profile. Faceting the demonstrator is essential for achieving satisfactory RF performances, and especially the largest bandwidth. A 1.3m piecewise reflectarray demonstrator has been designed, manufactured and tested, with a coverage over Canada, US, Puerto Rico and Hawaii. A very good agreement is obtained between the theoretical and measured radiation patterns. Many innovative techniques and processes were developed in order to meet the challenging specifications of a space telecommunication antenna. They are detailed in this article.
Perspectives on classical controversies about the motor cortex (2017)

Primary motor cortex has been studied for more than a century, yet a consensus on its functional contribution to movement control is still out of reach. In particular, there remains controversy as to the level of control produced by motor cortex ("low-level" movement dynamics vs. "high-level" movement kinematics) and the role of sensory feedback. In this review, we present different perspectives on the two following questions: What does activity in motor cortex reflect? and How do planned motor commands interact with incoming sensory feedback during movement? The four authors each present their independent views on how they think the primary motor cortex (M1) controls movement. At the end, we present a dialogue in which the authors synthesize their views and suggest possibilities for moving the field forward. While there is not yet a consensus on the role of M1 or sensory feedback in the control of upper limb movements, such dialogues are essential to take us closer to one.
Cross coupling reactions of 2-(allyloxy(thio))benzothiazoles with organocopper reagents in dihydropyranoid systems. Mechanistic implications of the substrate and the reagent: regio- and stereocontrolled access to branched-chain sugars. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCross coupling reactions of 2-(allyloxy(thio))benzothiazoles with organocopper reagents in dihydropyranoid systems. Mechanistic implications of the substrate and the reagent: regio- and stereocontrolled access to branched-chain sugars.Serafin Valverde, Manuel Bernabe, Ana M. Gomez, and Pilar PueblaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 16, 4546–4550Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00042a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00042a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A diagnostically challenging spindle cell carcinoma of the neck: Treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery and clinical course (2020)

Cutaneous spindle cell carcinoma describes a heterogenous group of tumors that share an atypical spindle cell morphology and infiltrative growth pattern. Examples include dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, desmoplastic melanoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma.1 Given their common histopathologic appearance with hematoxylin and eosin stain, immunohistochemistry is typically used to distinguish their cell of origin, although despite this, rare variants may obscure a clear diagnosis.
sGC stimulator praliciguat suppresses stellate cell fibrotic transformation and inhibits fibrosis and inflammation in models of NASH (2019)

Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) signaling are a key element of the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) enhance NO signaling; have been shown preclinically to reduce inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis; and thus have been proposed as potential therapies for NASH and fibrotic liver diseases. Praliciguat, an oral sGC stimulator with extensive distribution to the liver, was used to explore the role of this signaling pathway in NASH. We found that sGC is expressed in hepatic stellate cells and stellate-derived myofibroblasts, but not in hepatocytes. Praliciguat acted directly on isolated hepatic stellate cells to inhibit fibrotic and inflammatory signaling potentially through regulation of AMPK and SMAD7. Using in vivo microdialysis, we demonstrated stimulation of the NO-sGC pathway by praliciguat in both healthy and fibrotic livers. In preclinical models of NASH, praliciguat treatment was associated with lower levels of liver fibrosis and lower expression of fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers. Praliciguat treatment lowered hepatic steatosis and plasma cholesterol levels. The antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of praliciguat were recapitulated in human microtissues in vitro. These data provide a plausible cellular basis for the mechanism of action of sGC stimulators and suggest the potential therapeutic utility of praliciguat in the treatment of NASH.
An ethylene cross-bridged pentaazamacrocycle and its Cu2+complex: constrained ligand topology and excellent kinetic stability (2020)

Rigid and topologically constrained ethylene cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles have been increasingly utilised for thirty years as they form remarkably stable transition metal complexes for catalysis, biomedical imaging, and inorganic drug molecule applications. Extending these benefits to pentaazamacrocycles has been achieved and a first transition metal complex prepared and structurally characterized.
Exploring Shared Memory Protocols in FLASH (2007)

The goal of this project was to improve the performance of large scientific and engineering applications through collaborative hardware and software mechanisms to manage the memory hierarchy of non-uniform memory access time (NUMA) shared-memory machines, as well as their component individual processors. In spite of the programming advantages of shared-memory platforms, obtaining good performance for large scientific and engineering applications on such machines can be challenging. Because communication between processors is managed implicitly by the hardware, rather than expressed by the programmer, application performance may suffer from unintended communication – communication that the programmer did not consider when developing his/her application. In this project, we developed and evaluated a collection of hardware, compiler, languages and performance monitoring tools to obtain high performance on scientific and engineering applications on NUMA platforms by managing communication through alternative coherence mechanisms. Alternative coherence mechanisms have often been discussed as a means for reducing unintended communication, although architecture implementations of such mechanisms are quite rare. This report describes an actual implementation of a set of coherence protocols that support coherent, non-coherent and write-update accesses for a CC-NUMA shared-memory architecture, the Stanford FLASH machine. Such an approach has the advantages of using alternative coherence only where it is beneficial, and also provides an evolutionary migration path for improving application performance. We present data on two computations, RandomAccess from the HPC Challenge benchmarks and a forward solver derived from LS-DYNA, showing the performance advantages of the alternative coherence mechanisms. For RandomAccess, the non-coherent and write-update versions can outperform the coherent version by factors of 5 and 2.5, respectively. In LS-DYNA, we obtain improvements of 18% on average using the non-coherent version. We also present data on the SpecOMP benchmarks, showing that the protocols have a modest overhead of less than 3% in applications where the alternative mechanisms are not needed. In addition to the selective coherence studies on the FLASH machine, in the last six months of this project ISI performed research on compiler technology for the transactional memory (TM) programming model being developed at Stanford. As part of this research ISI developed a compiler that recognizes transactional memory “pragmas” and automatically generates parallel code for the TM programming model
Base quencher effects in chemically amplified resist at sub-30-nm fabrication (2008)

The trade-off between line edge roughness (LER), sensitivity and resolution is the most challenging issue associated with the development of resist processes for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. It has been reported that quenchers (base compounds) affect the sensitivity, the resolution and the extent of LER. However, the details are still unclear. In this study, the effects of quencher diffusion constants in 22 nm pattern formation were investigated using a simulation based on the reaction mechanism of chemically amplified EUV resists. For the suppression of line width expansion due to acid diffusion, mobile quenchers are effective. The quality of latent image is also improved with the increase of diffusion constant. However, the high mobility of quenchers increases the pattern dependence of line width. The same order of diffusion constants for acids and quenchers are preferable at sub-30 nm fabrication.
3D features measurement using YieldStar, an angle resolved polarized scatterometer (2011)

Metrology on 3D features like contact holes (CH) is more challenging than on lines and spaces (L/S) structures especially if one wants to have profile information. Scatterometry has been widely used on L/S structures and has enabled characterization of lithographic features providing with critical dimensions (CD) as well as feature height and side wall angle. In this paper, we will present the application of scatterometry to the measurement of 3D structures using an angle resolved polarized scatterometer: ASML YieldStar S-100. Contact hole measurements will be presented and correlation to standard metrology tools will be shown. Measurement capability will be discussed in terms of reproducibility, calculation time, sensitivity of the parameters of interest and correlation between them leading to a proper model choice. Finally initial results on more complex 3D features (line ends, brick walls,...) will be presented.
3P-024 Expression and Characterization of Interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain(IL-13Rα2)(Protein:Structure & Function,The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2009)

IncorporatedAssociation structures due to the diCtcrLnce m the crystal packmg or in the tLgand bmdmg state thL seLontiary structure and the environment ot thL Trp sJde chain changL wTth the protonataon ot the His residues 3POI9 "{asatake Sugrta RitsumeihanUmv Go ET"JH:k6S-1scON07t-JLT-Al >O-l-zV-u )xezagmaTigIEstM.t([gD<7t-)vr(>e'eeasiAltottxProtem foldmg gimulation based on the Go rnodel and compa-son with the predictions ot folding mechambm based on th¢ mterresidue average drstance statlstlcs (1) Takeshi K]kuchi (2) ((I) Dept Bioimpimatics Col Lofle 5ci f2) Dept Biotf4brmattch Col tije Sci RTtsuntetkanVmL) We have t-ed to predict the protein to]ding pathway usmg the ana]yges of a contact map based on the interresidue averAge distance stdtistacs Average Distance Map (ADM) On thc other hand it is known that the Go model cdn reproduLe protem foldrng processes baged on protem ndtave stnactures Recently we have tned te "mu]dte the folding mechanism ef Protein G usmg a coarse grdined Go model and showed that omethod predictg the fo]ding pathway of the Protem G i e our simulationgive the folding process similar to that obtdlned by thc expernnenti)and predicted by the ADM ana]ys]s.)In our model
ChemInform Abstract: MEDIUM‐RING SYSTEMS. 5. SYNTHESIS AND BASE‐CATALYZED ISOMERIZATIONS OF MEDIUM‐RING CYCLOALKENONES WITH ELECTRON‐WITHDRAWING SUBSTITUENTS (1985)

Abstract Für die in 3‐Stellung substituierten Cycloalkenone (I), deren Herstellung nach dem im Formelschema angegebenen Reaktionen auf der Basis von (Ia) zum Teil beschrieben ist, wird die basenkatalysierte Isomerisierung der Doppelbindung zu (II) untersucht.
Development of dendritic cells in vitro from murine fetal liver–derived lineage phenotype-negative c-kit+hematopoietic progenitor cells (2000)

We describe here that lineage phenotype- negative (Lin)−c-kit+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from day 13 postcoitus (dpc) murine fetal liver (FL) can generate dendritic cell (DC) precursors when cultured in vitro in the presence of PA6 stromal cells plus granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) + stem cell factor (SCF) + Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) for 12 to 14 days, and develop into mature DCs when stimulated with GM-CSF plus mouse tumor necrosis factor  (mTNF) for an additional 3 to 5 days. A transwell culture system showed that the generation of DC precursors depended on the support of PA6 cell-secreted soluble factor(s). The mature DCs derived from 13 dpc FL Lin−c-kit+ HPCs showed characteristic morphology and function of DCs and expressed high levels of Ia, CD86, and CD40 molecules, low levels of DEC205, E-cadherin, and F4/80 molecules, but barely detectable CD11c antigen. Once FL-derived HPCs were cultured without GM-CSF, NK1.1+ cells developed in the presence of PA6 cells + SCF + Flt3L. These NK1.1+ cells could develop into DC precursors at an earlier stage of differentiation by reculturing with PA6 cells + SCF + Flt3L + GM-CSF, but they would be irreversibly committed to NK cell precursors without GM-CSF after 3 days, suggesting that GM-CSF plays a critical role in controlling the transition of DC and NK cell precursors from 13 dpc FL-derived Lin−c-kit+ HPCs. This study represents the first success in generating mature DCs in vitro from murine FL HPCs. (Blood. 2000;95:138-146)