gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A conjugated heat and mass transfer model to implement reaction in particle-resolved CFD simulations of catalytic fixed bed reactors (2023)

Modeling catalytic fixed bed reactors with a small tube-to-particle diameter ratio requires a detailed description of the interactions between fluid flow, intra-particle transport, and the chemical reaction(s) within the catalyst. Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (PRCFD) simulations are the most promising approach to accurately predict the behavior of these reactors, since they take explicitly into account the local packed bed structure. In this work, a conjugated heat and mass transfer model for use in PRCFD simulations is presented to couple the fluid flow through the fixed bed with transport and reaction in the porous catalyst, while guaranteeing the no-slip boundary condition at the fluid-solid interface. For this purpose, the solutions of the solid and fluid domain are computed separately and are coupled by calculation and updating the boundary condition at the particle surface. Due to the consideration of secondary gradients, the developed transfer model is also valid for unstructured calculation meshes containing non-orthogonal cells at the fluid-solid interface. Such meshes are often used to resolve complex geometries, such as a packed bed, in a computationally efficient manner. The coupling approach is validated using cases for which an analytical solution or literature correlations derived from experimental data are available. The simulation results of a short catalytic packed bed with rings catalyzing the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride exemplify the potential of PRCFD involving reactions to analyze the catalyst performance in great detail.
Parallel-channel flow instabilities and active control schemes in two-phase microchannel heat exchanger systems (2010)

Parallel-channel flow mal-distribution and pressure-drop flow oscillations are two of the most severe dynamic instabilities for boiling flow especially in microchannel systems. This paper presents a framework for the transient analysis and active control of microchannel flow instabilities at a system-level view. A lumped two-phase flow system model is derived from the momentum balance equation to capture the characteristics of the microchannel heat exchangers. Bifurcations of flow distribution and inlet pressure can arise in parallel-channel two-phase flow systems. This paper investigates the control-theoretic properties with different control devices, including inlet valves and supply pump. Individual control valves at the inlet of each channel can be used to suppress both flow mal-distribution and flow oscillations effectively, although this scheme is subject to higher pressure loss and potential higher supply pumping power. Using the pump alone can only suppress pressure-drop flow oscillations, but not for flow mal-distribution in two identical parallel channels. However, we make an interesting observation that with different channel properties, we regain controllability from the pump and observability from a single channel flow rate measurement.
Real-time three-dimensional passive cavitation detection for clinical high intensity focussed ultrasound systems (2013)

Bubble activity during High Intensity Focussed Ultrasound (HIFU) surgery has been linked with desirable effects, such as an enhanced heat deposition caused by inertial cavitation, and undesirable effects, such as lesion migration caused by boiling bubbles. There is presently no reliable way of achieving spatiotemporal monitoring of cavitation activity during clinical HIFU treatments. In the present work, a near-acoustically- transparent two-dimensional 32-element PVDF array was designed and mounted on the therapy transducer of a clinical HIFU device (Model JC200, Chongqing Haifu) to enable detection of acoustic emissions arising from cavitation during therapy. The signal detected by each of the elements was digitized and processed in real time on a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), and beamformed using our previously described Passive Acoustic Mapping (PAM) algorithm to produce real-time three-dimensional (3D) maps of cavitation activity with a frame rate in excess of 5 Hz. The system was initially validated in agar-based tissue-mimicking materials, demonstrating that the displayed volume of cavitation activity agreed with predictions based on in situ pressure calibrations. The system was further validated during clinical HIFU treatments of kidney tumour, liver tumour and uterine fibroid ablation, and was found to enable accurate localization of the HIFU focus at sub-lesioning intensities.
Genetic Engineering: Reporter Genes (2001)

Abstract Reporter genes are easily measured surrogates for a molecule of interest.
Localization of Na+-HCO 3 − cotransporter (NBC-1) variants in rat and human pancreas (2003)

Mutations in Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC-1) cause proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) associated with ocular abnormalities. One pRTA patient had increased serum amylase, suggesting possible evidence of pancreatitis. To further delineate a link between NBC-1 inactivation and pancreatic dysfunction, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on rat and human pancreas using antibodies against kidney-type (kNBC-1) and pancreatic-type (pNBC-1) transporters. In rat pancreas, the anti-pNBC-1 antibody labeled acinar cells and both apical and basolateral membranes of medium and large duct cells. In human pancreas, on the other hand, the anti-pNBC-1 antibody did not label acinar cells, although it did label the basolateral membranes of the entire duct system. The labeling by anti-kNBC-1 antibody was detected in only a limited number of rat pancreatic duct cells. To examine the effects of pRTA-related mutations, R342S and R554H, on pNBC-1 function, we performed functional analysis and found that both mutants had reduced transport activities compared with the wild-type pNBC-1. These results indicate that pNBC-1 is the predominant variant that mediates basolateral HCO(3)(-) uptake into duct cells in both rat and human pancreas. The loss of pNBC-1 function is predicted to have significant impact on overall ductal HCO(3)(-) secretion, which could potentially lead to pancreatic dysfunction.
Erratum: “Advanced High-Turning Compressor Airfoils for Low Reynolds Number Condition—Part II: Experimental and Numerical Analysis” [Journal of Turbomachinery, 2004, 126(4), pp. 482–492] (2005)

Page 483, left column, 19 lines from the top, “Fig. 1 (left)” should be replaced by “Fig. 5 (left)”.Page 483, left column, 21 lines from the top, “see Fig. 2” should be replaced by “see Fig. 12 (left)”.Page 483, left column, 33 lines from the top, “Figures 3 and 4” should be replaced by “Figures 1 and 2”.
Phase separation of 2D meso-scale Coulombic crystals from meso-scale polarizable “solvent” (2008)

This paper describes the phase separation of millimetre-scale spheres based on electrostatic charge. Initially, polymeric (Teflon, T; Nylon-6,6, N) and metallic (gold-coated Nylon-6,6, Au(N)) spheres are uniformly mixed in a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer on a gold-coated plate. Oscillating the plate vertically caused the spheres to charge by contact electrification (tribocharging). Positively charged N and negatively charged T spheres attracted each other more strongly than they attracted the capacitively charged, Au(N) spheres. The T and N spheres formed 2D Coulombic crystals, and these crystals separated from the Au(N) spheres. The extent and rate of separation increased with increasing amplitude of agitation during tribocharging, and with decreasing density of spheres on the surface. At high surface density, the T and N spheres did not separate from the Au(N) spheres. This system models the 2D nucleation of an ionic crystal from a polarizable liquid.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves heart function in pressure overload-induced heart failure (2017)

It has been shown that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) reduces cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis, prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves cardiac function in ischemic rat hearts. However, it is still not known whether GHRH would be beneficial for life-threatening pathological conditions, like cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Thus, we tested the myocardial therapeutic potential of GHRH stimulation in vitro and in vivo, using GHRH or its agonistic analog MR-409. We show that in vitro, GHRH(1-44)NH<sub>2</sub> attenuates phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiac cells, adult rat ventricular myocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs, decreasing expression of hypertrophic genes and regulating hypertrophic pathways. Underlying mechanisms included blockade of Gq signaling and its downstream components phospholipase Cβ, protein kinase Cε, calcineurin, and phospholamban. The receptor-dependent effects of GHRH also involved activation of Gα<sub>s</sub> and cAMP/PKA, and inhibition of increase in exchange protein directly activated by cAMP1 (Epac1). In vivo, MR-409 mitigated cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and improved cardiac function. Moreover, CMs isolated from transverse aortic constriction mice treated with MR-409 showed improved contractility and reversal of sarcolemmal structure. Overall, these results identify GHRH as an antihypertrophic regulator, underlying its therapeutic potential for HF, and suggest possible beneficial use of its analogs for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Ride-Sharing Protocols for Autonomous Cars (2022)

Ride-sharing is a popular way of transportation that reduces traffic and the costs of the trip. Emerge of autonomous vehicles makes ride-sharing more popular because these vehicles do not require a driver’s effort. Therefore, in order to find a suitable ride-share, the service provider is not restricted to the driver’s trip. Thus, the autonomous cars are more flexible with matching the passengers. Passengers who want to participate in car-sharing send their trip data to a ride-sharing service provider. However, the passenger’s trip data contains sensitive information about the passenger’s locations. Multiple studies show that a person’s location data can reveal personal information about them, e.g., their health condition, home, work, hobbies, and financial situation. In this paper, we propose a lightweight privacy-preserving ride-sharing protocol for autonomous cars. Contrary to previous works on this topic, our protocol does not rely on any extra party to guarantee privacy and security. Our protocol consists of two main phases: i) privacy-preserving group forming, and ii) privacy-preserving fair pick-up point selection. In addition to ride-sharing, the two phases of our protocol can also be applied to other use cases. We have implemented our protocol for a realistic ride-sharing scenario, where 1000 passengers simultaneously request a ride-share. Our evaluation results show that the time and communication costs of our protocol are such that it is feasible for real-world applications.
Reseña de: Martín-Arroyo Sánchez, Daniel J., <em>Colonización romana y territorio en Hispania. El caso de Hasta Regia</em> (2019)

Reseña de: Martín-Arroyo Sánchez, Daniel J., Colonización romana y territorio en Hispania. El caso de Hasta Regia, Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona Edicions, 2018, 339 pp., ISBN: 9788491680789.
Fluorine-18-labeled progestin 16.alpha.,17.alpha.-dioxolanes: development of high-affinity ligands for the progesterone receptor with high in vivo target site selectivity (1995)

We describe the synthesis and tissue biodistribution of two 21-[fluoro-18F]progestin 16 alpha, 17 alpha-furanyl ketals, potential agents for imaging progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast tumors in humans, using positron emission tomography. 21-Fluro-16 alpha, 17 alpha-[(R)-(1'-alpha-furylmethylidene)dioxy]-19- norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (endo-10a) and 21-fluoro-16 alpha, 17 alpha-[(R)-(1'-alpha-furylethylidene)dioxy]-19- norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (endo-10b) were chosen for radiochemical synthesis from a series of seven novel progestin 16 alpha, 17 alpha-(furanyldioxolanes) on the basis of their high relative binding affinity to PR (190% and 173%, respectively, relative to R5020 = 100%), their low nonspecific binding (NSB) (log P o/w = 3.87 and 4.13, respectively), and their resulting high binding selectivity indices (BSI; i.e., the ratio of their PR binding affinity to nonspecific binding). Radiochemical synthesis of these two species in high radiochemical purity and at high effective specific activity was accomplished by treatment of the corresponding diastereomerically pure 21-trifluoromethanesulfonates with fluorine-18 anion. In tissue biodistribution studies in estrogen-primed immature female Sprague-Dawley rats, both [18F]-endo-10a and [18F]endo-10b demonstrated high PR-selective uptake in the principal target tissues, the uterus and the ovaries, and relatively low uptake in fat and bone. The metabolism at the 21-position in these progestins (as monitored by in vivo defluorination) appears to be less than that in other 21-fluoroprogestins; this may reflect steric inhibition of metabolism at this site due to the bulk of the furan-substituted dioxolane ring at the 16 alpha, 17 alpha-position. Comparison with other fluorine-18-labeled progestins shows that the PR-specific uptake in uterine tissue correlates with the BSI of the ligand and that the fat uptake correlates with the NSB of the ligand at high levels of statistical significance. These two dioxolanes may prove to be useful as breast tumor-imaging agents in humans.
[Gleno-humeral arthroscopic arthrolysis for shoulder stiffness. Apropos of 26 cases. Société Française d'Arthroscopie]. (1996)

Arthroscopic release of shoulder contracture is feasible, safe and effective. For primary frozen shoulder, there is usually spontaneous recovery. Indications for surgery are very few. There is no evidence that arthroscopic release shortens spontaneous evolution. Therefore, we propose it in very selected cases of dramatically limited motion. One year of evolution is an acceptable time. For bipolar stiffnesses, arthroscopy allows one to recognize the exact cause of the stiffness and to treat it, especially the subacromial pathology. In this occurrence, buroscopy must be performed and cuff pathology treated. For acquired surgical stiffnesses, gain of motion is significant. Subjective and objective results are less satisfactory than those of primary frozen shoulder, due to persistance of pain and lack of strength. The alternative is open release, but arthroscopic release has less morbidity. It can be proposed early as soon as capsular tissue has healed (for instance 6 months).
Study of High-Efficiency Motors Using Soft Magnetic Cores (2012)

We have been developed a small and highly efficient axial gap motor whose stator core is made of a soft magnetic core. First, the loss sensitivities to various motor design parameters were evaluated using magnetic field analysis. It was found that the pole number and core dimensions had low sensitivity (≤ 2.2dB) in terms of the total loss, which is the sum of the copper loss and the iron losses in the stator core and the rotor yoke respectively. From this, we concluded that to improve the motor efficiency, it is essential to reduce the iron loss in the rotor yoke and minimize other losses. With this in mind, a prototype axial gap motor is manufactured and tested. The motor has four poles and six slots. The motor is 123mm in diameter and the axial length is 47mm. The rotor has parallel magnetized magnets and a rotor yoke with magnetic steel sheets. The maximum measured motor efficiency is 93%. This value roughly agrees with the maximum calculated efficiency of 95%.
Proteins of Rous-associated virus 61, an avian retrovirus: common precursor for glycoproteins gp85 and gp35 and use of pactamycin to map translational order of proteins in the gag, pol, and env genes (1978)

Cells infected by Rous-associated virus 61 (RAV-61) contained a precursor-like protein, pr90, that was specifically precipitated by antiserum directed against envelope glycoproteins, gp85 and gp35. Tryptic peptide mapping showed that pr90 contained tryptic sequences of both gp85 and gp35. Pactamycin mapping experiments indicated that the two glycoproteins are translated from the env-mRNA in the order (5') gp85--gp35. The pactamycin mapping experiments also indicated a translational order of p10--(p27, p12)--p15 for the gag proteins; this agreement with the order previously reported from tryptic mapping studies on precursor pr76 of avian myeloblastosis virus implied that the stoichiometry of the core proteins was unchanged when virions were assembled in the presence of pactamycin. The reverse transcriptase proteins, unlike those of the env and gag genes, fell on the right side of the pactamycin map. This result is in accord with the idea that most, if not all, of the reverse transcriptase protein is translated by read-through of the gag(pol) message rather than by translation of a hypothetical pol-mRNA devoted solely to synthesis of that protein.
Functionalized nitrogen atom transfer catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctionalized nitrogen atom transfer catalyzed by cytochrome P-450Edmund W. Svastits, John H. Dawson, Ronald Breslow, and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 22, 6427–6428Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00308a064RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1338Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (267 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Passive Integrated Optical Anisotropy-based Devices (1988)

Abstract A new class of passive integrated optical devices based on dielectric anisotropy (birefringence) is described. In general, the allowed modes in uniaxial materials such as lithium niobate are hybrid. These modes have been calculated rigorously (i.e. without approximations) electromagnetically. Cut-off can occur, starting from either an unconditionally stable mode or a critically stable mode, through a transition to either a leaky guided mode or a leaky unguided wave. Passive cut-off anisotropy-based devices can be constructed simply by changing the direction of the channel waveguide on the anisotropic substrate. Example devices described include: high-pass filters, TE-pass polarizers, TM-pass polarizers, and temperature sensors (performing an absolute rather than a differential measurement). A design procedure for anisotropy-based devices is presented.
Synthesis of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters by Using the Miscibility Principle (2014)

Abstract A new strategy to synthesize a diverse array of organic‐soluble, atomically precise silver clusters has been developed. The technique is based on the miscibility principle of solvents and uses no phase‐transfer agents; various clusters of masses 8.0, 13.4, 22.8, 29.2, and 34.4 kDa were synthesized by changing the reactant composition. We have also synthesized the well‐known Au 25 (SR) 18 cluster by the same method. Among the silver clusters formed, we have studied the new 13.4 kDa species, which has unique steplike features in its UV/Vis spectrum, in detail by mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques. The compound has been assigned as Ag 68 (SR) 34 , which is reported for the first time. By time‐dependent studies, we have shown that the synthetic route follows the bottom‐up approach. The material forms microcrystals. We hope that the proposed synthetic strategy will extend the area of atomically precise clusters.
Chemical reactivity between sol–gel deposited Pb(Zr,Ti)O3layers and their GaAs substrates (2016)

We show how chemical interactions between the growing material and the substrate affect the crystallization of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films on SrTiO3-templated GaAs substrates. A liquid PZT precursor (sol) is spin-coated on STO/GaAs pseudo-substrates grown by molecular beam epitaxy and crystallized by annealing under air. Complete crystallization of the PZT layers cannot be achieved due to significant oxidation of the GaAs substrate which enhances As diffusion through the structure and further formation of parasitic compounds containing Pb, Sr and As due to the strong chemical affinity between As anions and Pb and Sr cations. These mechanisms are extensively studied based on X-ray diffraction measurements carried out in situ during annealing and on transmission electron microscopy experiments including energy-dispersive X-ray analyses.
FLEXIBLE ROBOTIC ACTUATORS (2018)

Systems and methods for providing flexible robotic actuators are disclosed. Some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter include a soft robot capable of providing a radial deflection motions; a soft tentacle actuator capable of providing a variety of motions and providing transportation means for various types of materials; and a hybrid robotic system that retains desirable characteristics of both soft robots and hard robots. Some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter also include methods for operating the disclosed robotic systems.
Interrogating the interactions between myeloid derived suppressor cells and cancer stem cells in glioblastoma (2013)

Meeting abstracts Cellular and molecular regulation of the immune system is exquisitely controlled in the brain and is disrupted in neoplasia. Despite accumulation of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, glioblastoma (GBM) growth persists while the mechanisms suppressing immune function