gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition of extracellular polymeric substances in the activated sludge floc matrix (1998)

The precise role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in relation to the formation and physicochemical properties of microbial floc in wastewater treatment systems is not well known. Studies were undertaken to provide more comprehensive descriptions of EPS and properties of microbial floc. Acidic polysaccharides and DNA were relatively labile components of the EPS when biomass was stored at 4°C or at −20°C, and significant losses of these components were observed within 24 hours. The composition and properties of activated sludge were found to vary between different full-scale treatment systems reflecting the importance of wastewater composition and operation conditions on microbial communities and the response to environmental conditions. The COD:N:P ratio was found to influence hydrophobicity, surface charge and the EPS composition of microbial flocs in well-controlled bench-scale sequencing batch reactors. Phosphorus depleted and P-limited conditions resulted in a decrease in surface charge but increases in acidic polysaccharides which corresponded to a strong carboxyl stretch at 1740 cm−1 when the biomass was analysed by FTIR-spectroscopy. Electron dense particles, identified by energy-dispersive spectroscopy as containing iron, phosphorus and sulfur, were observed in the fibrils of the floc matrix by transmission electron microscopy.
Coverage Probability Analysis Under Clustered Ambient Backscatter Nodes (2019)

In this paper, we consider a new large-scale communication scheme where randomly distributed AmBC nodes are involved as secondary users to primary transmitter (PT) and primary receiver (PR) pairs. The secondary communication between a backscatter transmitter (BT) and a backscatter receiver (BR) is conducted by the BT's reflecting its corresponding PT's signal with different antenna impedances, which introduces additional double fading channels and potential inter-symbol-interference to the primary communications. Thus, at a typical PR, the backscatter signals are regarded as either decodable signals or interference. Assuming the locations of PTs form a Poisson point process and the locations of BTs form a Poisson cluster process, we derive the SINR and SIR based coverage probabilities for two network configuration scenarios. Numerical results on the coverage probabilities indicate the possibility to involve a large amount of AmBC nodes in existing wireless networks.
Integrated NFV/SDN Architectures (2019)

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are new paradigms in the move towards open software and network hardware. While NFV aims to virtualize network functions and deploy them into general purpose hardware, SDN makes networks programmable by separating the control and data planes. NFV and SDN are complementary technologies capable of providing one network solution. SDN can provide connectivity between Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) in a flexible and automated way, whereas NFV can use SDN as part of a service function chain. There are many studies designing NFV/SDN architectures in different environments. Researchers have been trying to address reliability, performance, and scalability problems using different architectural designs. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) focuses on integrated NFV/SDN architectures, with the following goals: (i) to investigate and provide an in-depth review of the state of the art of NFV/SDN architectures, (ii) to synthesize their architectural designs, and (iii) to identify areas for further improvements. Broadly, this SLR will encourage researchers to advance the current stage of development (i.e., the state of the practice) of integrated NFV/SDN architectures and shed some light on future research efforts and the challenges faced.
Experimentelle Elektronendichtebestimmung eines μ‐Methylen‐Komplexes vom Dimetallacyclopropan‐Typ (1981)

Eine beträchtliche negative Ladung am Brücken‐Kohlenstoffatom im Dimanganacyclopropan‐Komplex (1) wurde durch Bestimmung der Elektronendichte nachgewiesen. Dieser Befund ist in Einklang mit dem Ergebnis detaillierter MO‐Rechnungen. Zwischen den beiden Mn‐Atomen wurde keine Anhäufung von Ladungsdichte gefunden, obwohl nach MO‐Rechnungen direkte Metall‐Metall‐Bindungen vorliegen. Man muß annehmen, daß die entsprechenden Metallorbitale nur unzureichend überlappen. magnified image
Low-Cost and High-Impact Environmental Solutions for Military Composite Structures (2005)

Abstract : The EPA recently enacted new emission standards for composite manufacturing and repair that specifically target styrene as a regulated hazardous air pollutant (HAP). In this report, the Army Research Laboratory team developed two resin systems that contain considerably less styrene but similar viscosities as compared to commercial vinyl ester resin systems. The FAVE neat resins and composites have slightly inferior strength, modulus, and thermal properties, but superior fracture toughness as a result of the plasticizing effect of the long fatty acid chains that replace all but 10 to 20 wt% of the styrene. The BM-VE neat resin and composites have similar strength, modulus, and thermal properties, but also superior fracture toughness as a result of the bimodal molecular weight distribution of VE monomers with styrene contents as low as 30 wt%. Both low VOC/HAP resins produce far less emissions than commercial resin systems and can be used as drop-in replacements for existing vinyl ester technologies in the composites industry.
Degenerate Viterbi decoding (2012)

We present a decoding algorithm for quantum convolutional codes that finds the class of degenerate errors with the largest probability conditioned on a given error syndrome. The algorithm runs in time linear with the number of qubits. Previous decoding algorithms for quantum convolutional codes optimized the probability over individual errors instead of classes of degenerate errors. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that this modification to the decoding algorithm results in a significantly lower block error rate.
New developments in cancer vaccines (2013)

Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of cancer over the last two decades, very often clinical benefit is still marginal and of limited duration. Cancer treatment has seen th...
SOI substrate readiness for 22/20 nm and for fully depleted planar device architectures (2009)

Fully depleted (FD) MOSFET architecture for sub-32 nm technology node requires a new SOI substrate fabrication to meet all the stringent specifications imposed by a FD device. Ultra thin SOI (UTSOI) targets planar device architectures, stressing specifications for thickness uniformity. Also ultra thin burried oxyde (UTBOx) offers additional benefits such as the application of back bias, for example enhancing device stability or threshold voltage tuning. In this paper, we discuss the Smart Cuttrade technology capability for both UTSOI and UTBOx substrate design with the quality and specifications that meet the future FD technology requirements.
<title>Review of laser applications in glaucoma filtering surgery</title> (1994)

Laser sclerostomy is currently being evaluated as an approach which can possibly provide a better means of controlling open angle glaucoma than by conventional filtering surgery. This article will introduce various laser systems and their applications in glaucoma filtering surgery.
Recovery of low molecular weight compounds from alkaline pretreatment liquor via membrane separations (2022)

Lignin is an abundant renewable resource that is a promising substrate for upgrading to fuels and chemicals.
Can the interplay between androgen signaling and PSMA expression be leveraged for theranostic applications? (2019)

Despite numerous approved therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) that offer advantages in progression free survival, actual cure rates remain dismal (1). Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is nearly universally expressed in PCa (2) and has emerged as one of the most promising targets for novel therapies that are being developed to address PCa (3). Of note, PSMA expression levels have a relationship with androgen signaling that may have important clinical implications for treatment with PSMA-targeted theranostic agents.
Supplementary Data from An Integrated Approach Identifies Mediators of Local Recurrence in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Validation of differentially expressed miRs in the discovery dataset. Supplementary Figure S2. Design of a recurrence prediction model in HNSCC based on miRs expression using a bioinformatic approach. Supplementary Figure S3. In vitro validation of miR-9 putative targets Supplementary Figure S4. Validation of putative miRs seed sites in the 3'-UTR of SASH1 and SP1 genes Supplementary Figure S5. The combined expression of miRs-1, 133a and -150 is necessary to downregulate SP1 mRNA and protein levels. Supplementary Figure S6. Correlation analyses of miRs putative targets in primary HNSCC collected in our Institute and described in Supplementary table S2 as validation set. Supplementary Figure S7. Prognostic significance of 4 miRs-targets in the TCGA HNSCC dataset. Supplementary Table S3. Median miRs' expression (qRT-PCR) according to selected characteristics Supplementary Experimental Procedures&lt;/p&gt;
Parameterized thermal macromodeling for fast and effective design of electronic components and systems (2014)

We present a parameterized macromodeling approach to perform fast and effective dynamic thermal simulations of electronic components and systems where key design parameters vary. A decomposition of the frequency-domain data samples of the thermal impedance matrix is proposed to improve the accuracy of the model and reduce the number of the computationally costly thermal simulations needed to build the macromodel. The methodology is successfully applied to analyze the impact of layout variations on the dynamic thermal behavior of a state-of-the-art 8-finger AlGaN/GaN HEMT grown on a SiC substrate.
Acceptor energy levels in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells in the presence of an external magnetic field (1995)

Energy levels of ground- and excited shallow acceptor states in quantum wells (QWs) have been calculated in the presence of an external magnetic field within a four-band effective-mass theory, in which the valence-band mixing as well as the mismatch of the band parameters and the dielectric constants between well and barrier materials have been taken into account. The energy separations between the ground and different excited acceptor states are deduced at various magnetic fields. The g-factors of the acceptor 1S3/2 ground states and the 2P3/2 excited states are obtained for QWs with different well widths. The oscillator strengths of the acceptor infrared transitions in QWs corresponding to the G, D, and C lines of acceptors in bulk GaAs have also been calculated vs magnetic field up to 10 T.
Microstructure of the tool-chip interface investigated by focused ion beam and analytical transmission electron microscopy (2008)

Recently, the D'Amico classification system is widely used for the risk stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) , although no consensus has been reached for the definition of high-risk PCa. This system defines high-risk PCa as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level > 20 ng/ml, a Gleason score of 8-10, or a clinical stage ≥ T2c. Because high-risk PCa is prone to recurrence and metastasis after treatment, a proper initial therapy plays a crucial role. Currently, radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are considered to be two most important options for the initial treatment of high-risk PCa although it remains controversial which is better.
Transmission electron microscopy of gel network morphology: relating network microstructure to mechanical properties (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransmission electron microscopy of gel network morphology: relating network microstructure to mechanical propertiesJoseph A. N. Zasadzinski, Alice Chu, and Robert K. Prud'hommeCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 12, 2960–2964Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00166a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00166a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multidirectional X-ray dark-field imaging with two-dimensional gratings (2012)

The two-dimensional (2D) X-ray grating interferometer uses gratings structured in the two transverse dimensions and, in this way, gives access to the dark-field and the differential phase signal in four directions of the image plane without the need to rotate the interferometer or the sample. In this paper, we discuss the potential of 2D X-ray grating interferometry for multidirectional dark-field imaging and we present experimental results obtained with this device.
Simulação da formação de parcerias entre agentes baseadas no conceito de reputação. (2007)

The concepts of reputation and trust, largely researched in other fields, have proved to be also very useful in multi-agent systems (MAS), specially in the process of partnership formation, in which agents select partners to cooperate with. Despite all research that has been carried out in the past few years concerning different reputation and trust models for autonomous agents, an essential aspect related to the use of these models was not sufficiently stressed: how these concepts may effectively help an autonomous agent in order to better evolve in an open MAS scenario. From an agent perspective, there are some important questions regarding this issue: (1) how to choose a partner, taking into account its reputation and the costs associated with the partnership? ( (3) how to act in a society guided by the concept of reputation in order to achieve better results? This work promotes the analysis of these questions through the discussion of the results obtained from a reputation-based partnership formation simulator called RePart, which was specifically designed for this goal. The simulations present a simplified consumer/enterprise market scenario as a target domain.
RESPONSE OF WOODY DEBRIS FOR FLOWS AROUND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES (2014)

In this study, mechanisms of woody debris transport on the unsteady flow around a group of spur dikes were investigated by performing a flume experiment with the Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) technique for physical models of woody debris and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique for particles of neutral buoyancy. The particle based numerical model that treats woody debris as combined particle elements was additionally applied in order to investigate the details of the debris motions. The experimental results show that the woody debris concentrated to the regions where the vorticity was relatively low. Meanwhile, woody debris diffused while they were transported donwstream as their length is longer. The calculation results imply that the diffusion of woody debris was caused by the filter-like effect by their spatial features.
PSMA activation of antifolate prodrugs for treatment of prostate cancer (2007)

5732 	Efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer is limited and is associated with systemic toxicity. The present study was aimed at developing a targeted prodrug therapy that would exploit the enzymatic properties of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a glutamate carboxypeptidase that is over-expressed in prostate cancer cells and the vascular endothelium of many cancers, to activate a non-toxic prodrug folate antagonist, specifically at the tumor site thereby diminishing systemic toxicity. 	Preliminary studies using methasquin, a potent dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, and pemetrexed (PTX), a multitargeted antifolate that is a potent thymidylate synthase inhibitor, and as well an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and glycine amido nucleotide formyl transferase, confirmed that these compounds are potent cytotoxic agents against human prostate cancer cell lines. Prodrugs of methasquin and pemetrexed with one to five additional amino acids both in the alpha or gamma carboxyl linkage were synthesized and tested as substrates for PSMA. Using cytotoxicity and clonogenic assays we identified two candidate pemetrexed prodrug compounds that were more selective against LNCaP and the CWR22 cell lines, expressing PSMA, than PC-3 and DU145 cell lines not expressing PSMA. An inhibitor of PSMA, quisqualic acid, reversed the sensitivity of PSMA (+) cells to these prodrugs further confirming the PSMA-dependent cytotoxic effect on LNCaP and the CWR22 cells. The prodrugs were shown to be stable in human and mouse plasma for >18 hours. Currently LNCaP cells stably expressing siRNAs that effectively knock-down PSMA are being generated. Transient knock-down of PSMA has previously been achieved using the same siRNA oligo sequences. The identified prodrugs will be further evaluated in mouse xenogfraft models, and if promising, in patients with prostate cancer.
Pre-Vaccination and Quarantine Approach for Defense Against Worms Propagation of Malicious Objects in Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

Network security poses a challenge to wireless sensor networks (WSNs) achieving its true potential. It is hard to tackle due to operational constraints of networks. Worms have become an emergent threat to the wireless networks. The spread of worms in the network is epidemic in nature. This article proposes a novel mathematical model with pre-vaccination and quarantine for study of worm propagation dynamics in WSN that is based on epidemic model. Further, the authors have devised an expression to determine threshold communication radius and node density. The objective of this proposed model is to study the propagation dynamics of worms in wireless sensor networks. Through the model, investigate the stability condition of networks in the presence of malicious codes. The experimental studies indicate that the proposed model outperforms in terms of security and energy efficiency over other existing models. It is a leap toward worm-controlling mechanisms in sensor networks. Finally, the control mechanism and performance of the proposed model is validated through extensive simulation results.
Sensitivity enhanced roll-angle sensor by means of a quarter-waveplate (2021)

Abstract Attitude metrology (roll, pitch, and yaw) plays an important role in many different fields. Roll angle is considered the most difficult measurement quantity in angular displacements compared to pitch and yaw angles because the rotation axis of the roll angle is parallel to the probe beam. In this work, a sensitivity enhanced roll-angle sensor is presented. The principle is based on the polarization change of a sensing unit (quarter-waveplate). The polarization model is analyzed by Mueller matrix formalism. The Stokes parameters are detected by a Stokes polarimeter. The novel coaxial design improves the sensitivity and reduce the complexity of optical system alignment by means of a fixed quarter-waveplate. The proposed sensor provides a simple setup to measure roll angles with a high sensitivity of 0.006 ∘ and a long unambiguous measurement range of 180 ∘ .
Comparison of myocardial oxygen consumption using 11C acetate positron emission tomography scanning in a working and non-working heart transplant model (2001)

This study (1) introduces a model of a working heterotopic cardiac transplantation with near-normal oxygen consumption; and (2) demonstrates that regional myocardial oxygen consumption in transplanted hearts can be detected by 11C acetate PET.
Microdeformation behavior in nanotemplated epoxy thermosets: A study with in situ tensile deformation technique in transmission electron microscopy (2009)

Abstract Microdeformation behavior in nanostructured block copolymer‐toughened epoxy resins, or templated epoxy thermosets, was studied using an in situ tensile deformation technique performed directly in a transmission electron microscope. The observed microdeformation modes were found to correlate well with the macroscopic mechanical properties of the materials. In the order of decreasing macroscopic fracture toughness, the microdeformation modes were observed to change from large uniform plastic deformation over an extensive area, to localized plastic deformation bands, to little plastic deformation observed in the most brittle material. A similar trend was also observed when samples of the same material were tested at different temperatures, reflecting changes in the deformation mechanism as a function of temperature. Structural defects were observed in nanotoughening phases when plastic deformation was observed. The implication of the observed microdeformation modes to the macroscopic toughening mechanisms is discussed in the context of the micromorphology of the nanometer sized toughening phases and parameters of the epoxy matrix chemistry such as bromination, molecular weight, and interfacial miscibility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 393–406, 2009
Characterization In Vitro and In Vivo of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Patients (2012)

The first influenza pandemic of the 21st century was caused by novel H1N1 viruses that emerged in early 2009. Molecular evolutionary analyses of the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] virus revealed two major clusters, cluster I and cluster II. Although the pathogenicity of viruses belonging to cluster I, which became extinct by the end of 2009, has been examined in a nonhuman primate model, the pathogenic potential of viruses belonging to cluster II, which has spread more widely in the world, has not been studied in this animal model. Here, we characterized two Norwegian isolates belonging to cluster II, namely, A/Norway/3568/2009 (Norway3568) and A/Norway/3487-2/2009 (Norway3487), which caused distinct clinical symptoms, despite their genetic similarity. We observed more efficient replication in cultured cells and delayed virus clearance from ferret respiratory organs for Norway3487 virus, which was isolated from a severe case, compared with the efficiency of replication and time of clearance of Norway3568 virus, which was isolated from a mild case. Moreover, Norway3487 virus to some extent caused more severe lung damage in nonhuman primates than did Norway3568 virus. Our data suggest that the distinct replicative and pathogenic potentials of these two viruses may result from differences in their biological properties (e.g., the receptor-binding specificity of hemagglutinin and viral polymerase activity).