gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free-electron superfluorescence: collective optical dynamics at deep-subwavelength resolution (2023)

Long-range coherence and correlations between electrons in solids are the cornerstones for developing future quantum materials and devices. In 1954, Dicke described correlated spontaneous emission from closely packed quantum emitters, forming the theoretical basis of superradiance and superfluorescence. Since then, it has remained an open challenge to observe such phenomena with nanometer spatial resolution, precisely the important scale at which the collective correlations occur. Here, we report the first instance of free-electron-driven superfluorescence - superfluorescent cathodoluminescence - enabling us to excite and observe correlations at nanometer spatial scales. To exemplify this concept in our experiments, superlattices of lead halide perovskite quantum dots are excited by focused pulses of multiple free electrons. The electrons trigger superfluorescence: collective ultrafast emission observed at rates faster than both the lifetime and decoherence time. By controlling the area illuminated by the electron beam, we create a transition from a non-correlated spontaneous emission to a correlated superfluorescent emission. The observed signatures of superfluorescence are a reduction of the intrinsic emitter lifetime, a narrower linewidth, and a distinct redshift. We develop the theory of superfluorescent cathodoluminescence, which matches the results and highlights the unique features of electron-driven versus light-driven superfluorescence. Our observation and theory introduce a novel way to characterize coherence and correlations in quantum materials with nanometer spatial resolution, a key for future engineering of quantum devices.
High-resistivity silicon photodiode arrays for x-ray detection (2013)

Presented is a method to build silicon multi-pixel x-ray detectors for use on the Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source x-ray synchrotron. These detectors are PIN diodes constructed using heavily doped oxide sources. The construction method chosen helps reduce the background leakage current and allows for a minimum of process steps. We discuss test results of the characterization of the sensors.
Catalysts for Electrooxidation of Ethanol and Other Biofuels (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Hypoxia and sterile inflammation in cystic fibrosis airways: mechanisms and potential therapies (2016)

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common autosomal recessive genetic diseases in Caucasian populations. Diagnosis via newborn screening and targeted nutritional and antibiotic therapy have improved outcomes, however respiratory failure remains the key cause of morbidity and mortality. Progressive respiratory disease in cystic fibrosis is characterised by chronic neutrophilic airway inflammation associated with structural airway damage leading to bronchiectasis and decreased lung function. Mucus obstruction is a characteristic early abnormality in the cystic fibrosis airway, associated with neutrophilic inflammation often in the absence of detectable infection. Recent studies have suggested a link between hypoxic cell death and sterile neutrophilic inflammation in cystic fibrosis and other diseases via the IL-1 signalling pathway. In this review, we consider recent evidence regarding the cellular responses to respiratory hypoxia as a potential driver of sterile neutrophilic inflammation in the lung, current knowledge on hypoxia as a pathogenic mechanism in cystic fibrosis and the potential for current and future therapies to alleviate hypoxia-driven sterile inflammation.
Biologically-inspired digital circuit for a self-organising neural network (2002)

This work presents the design and characterisation of a fully digital VLSI ASIC neuron cell. The 25 mm/sup 2/ IC die was fabricated in a 1.2 micron CMOS technology and has 5 k equivalent gates. Its architecture was designed to implement neural networks based on the Self-Organising Feature Maps (SOFM) with enhanced performance in high-speed applications. Various learning parameters can be programmed, as gain curves and neighbour cells interaction, fostering network convergence. A top-down IC design methodology was adopted, with high-level modelling using ANSI-C language and behavioural VHDL, digital simulation and synthesis from a RTL VHDL description. The synthesised circuits were mapped and optimised to the fabrication technology. Afterwards, the layout, back annotation, circuit parameter extraction and post layout simulation were done. After fabrication, we have measured the performance, obtaining good results.
The Influence of Off-Shore Platforms on Insect Dispersal and Migration (1981)

Understanding of insect dispersal-migration, including behavior, physiology, and diversity of the species involved, has developed slowly. Early theories focussed on concepts of passive dispersal and undirectional, nonsurvival related migration (Elton 1925; Felt 1928;Darlington 1938). More recent studies have been concerned with return-flight, survival-based migrations (Williams 1965; Johnson 1969).
3D high resolution imaging of human hearts for visualization of the cardiac structure (2017)

International audience
Model-based control of hemodialysis (2001)

In 30% of all hemodialysis treatments a sudden hypotension occurs due to excessive fluid removal. Currently the rate of fluid removal (ultrafiltration rate or UFR) is set to predefined values based on expert knowledge of the doctor. This paper is a first step towards closing the open loop control by presenting a hydraulic circulation model of the patient, which can be used in an observer structure in order to keep certain state variables like venous pressure or cardiac output above critical values.
Ballistic electron diffraction by semiconductor gratings: analysis, design, and analogies to electromagnetic diffraction (1991)

Due to recent advances in the growth and fabrication of nanostructure electronic devices, it has been demonstrated that ballistic electron waves can be reflected, refracted, interfered, waveguided, and diffracted in a manner analogous to electromagnetic optics. 1 This has provided a surge of interest in the new field of semiconductor electron wave optics. In this paper, ballistic electron grating diffraction by a grating with an arbitrary effective mass and/or potential energy profile is analyzed using a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). These results are related to electromagnetic diffraction by a permittivity grating. It is shown that electron diffraction by a kinetic energy grating is exactly analogous to TE electromagnetic diffraction and that electron diffraction by an effective mass grating is exactly analogous to TM electromagnetic diffraction. Approximate solutions to the RCWA equations are derived that are equivalent to Bragg regime and Raman-Nath diffraction. Using these results, sample electron wave diffractive switches and multiplexers are designed and analyzed. Both Bragg regime and Raman-Nath regime devices are designed using achievable device configurations. The angular and energy selectivity of these devices are examined.
Molecular Weight Distributions of Asphaltenes and Deasphaltened Oils Studied by Laser Desorption Ionization and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Laser desorption ionization (LDI) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) are applied to study molecular weight distribution and cross sections of petroleum asphaltene (ASPH) and deasphaltened oils (DAO). Ion mobility data confirmed the presence of gas-phase aggregation in LDI experiments. Most of the molecules with MW > 3000 g/mol in LDI result from gas-phase aggregation. Two-dimensional (2D) IM-MS trend lines are compared with model polymer systems to confirm the order of cross sections (polywax > polystyrene >> DAO > ASPH >> fullerenes), and these data illustrate that ASPH has a more condensed average structure than DAO.
Configuring RBF neural networks (1998)

A novel method (based on the characteristics of scatter matrices and frequency-sensitive competitive learning) for training the hidden layer of a radial basis function neural network is proposed. The method is demonstrated to be robust and to outperform the state-of-the-art algorithm.
Development and optimization of hardware for delta relaxation enhanced MRI (2013)

With active compensation, the dreMR imaging system is capable of 0.22T field shifts within a clinical 1.5T MRI with no significant residual eddy-current fields.
<i>Anisakis</i> <i>simplex</i> Recombinant Allergens Increase Diagnosis Specificity Preserving High Sensitivity (2012)

There are 15% of tolerant patients with specific IgE against important A. simplex allergens. The recombinant allergens studied here increase the specificity of A. simplex diagnosis while keeping the highest sensitivity. A. simplex recombinant allergens should be included with A. simplex allergy diagnostic tests to improve their specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Antifungal Natural Products (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enantioselective Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkenes (2022)

The asymmetric hydroaminocarbonylation of olefins represents a straightforward approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched amides, but is hampered by the necessity to employ CO gas, often at elevated pressures. We herein describe, as an alternative, an enantioselective hydrocarbamoylation of alkenes leveraging dual copper hydride and palladium catalysis to enable the use of readily available carbamoyl chlorides as a practical carbamoylating reagent. The protocol is applicable to various types of olefins, including alkenyl arenes, terminal alkenes, and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Substrates containing a diverse range of functional groups as well as heterocyclic substructures undergo functionalization to provide α- and β-chiral amides in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
Asset management integrating risk management "Head I win, Tails I win" (2005)

The role of risk management is integral with the role of asset management. This work examines the integration of profit maximization techniques to not only maximize the value of the asset, which is asset management, but also to minimize the financial impact of losses when the asset is not available or degraded, which is risk management. Both techniques rely on the proper valuation of the cash flow based on the impact of the asset to the supply chain, the potential competitive threats, and the flexibility of the customer demand. Asset management relies on the strategic strengths of the company to leverage the investment of an asset into a profitable cash flow from customer demand. Thus, the corporate strategic strength defines and is dependent upon the value added capability of each asset. Thus, the value added of the asset is dependent upon the competitive edge offered by the company to gain quick market share when the asset is introduced. Correspondingly, the true downtime cost of the asset is required to seek risk management to cover the potential losses when the valued asset is not available or degraded in performance.
Selfish cellular networks and the evolution of complex organisms (2012)

Human gametogenesis takes years and involves many cellular divisions, particularly in males. Consequently, gametogenesis provides the opportunity to acquire multiple de novo mutations. A significant portion of these is likely to impact the cellular networks linking genes, proteins, RNA and metabolites, which constitute the functional units of cells. A wealth of literature shows that these individual cellular networks are complex, robust and evolvable. To some extent, they are able to monitor their own performance, and display sufficient autonomy to be termed "selfish". Their robustness is linked to quality control mechanisms which are embedded in and act upon the individual networks, thereby providing a basis for selection during gametogenesis. These selective processes are equally likely to affect cellular functions that are not gamete-specific, and the evolution of the most complex organisms, including man, is therefore likely to occur via two pathways: essential housekeeping functions would be regulated and evolve during gametogenesis within the parents before being transmitted to their progeny, while classical selection would operate on other traits of the organisms that shape their fitness with respect to the environment.
Laminin binds specifically to sulfated glycolipids. (1985)

Previous studies of the agglutination of erythrocytes by the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin have suggested that laminin binds to gangliosides [Kennedy, D.W., Rohrbach, D.H., Martin, G.R., Momoi, T. & Yamada, K.M. (1983) J. Cell. Physiol. 114, 257-262]. Based on the following evidence, however, we find that laminin binds specifically to sulfatides, not gangliosides. Monogalactosyl sulfatides, purified from sheep erythrocytes with a yield of 4.3 mg/kg of packed cells, bound laminin with high affinity as did authentic bovine brain sulfatide (galactosylceramide-I3-sulfate). The binding activity of these lipids and of total erythrocyte lipids was stable to alkali and neuraminidase treatment but labile to dilute acid under conditions that destroy sulfatides but not gangliosides. Of various glycolipid and phospholipid standards tested, only sulfatides bound laminin with high affinity. Sulfatide binding and agglutinating activities of proteolytic fragments of laminin indicated that the globular end regions of the 200-kDa subunits are required for both activities. Thus, monogalactosylsulfatides, and possibly other more complex sulfated glycolipids, are probably involved in the agglutination of erythrocytes. These results also suggest a physiological function of sulfatides in cell adhesion. The agglutination of erythrocytes by fibronectin is also inhibited by gangliosides [Yamada, K.M., Kennedy, D.W., Grotendorst, G.R. & Momoi, T. (1981) J. Cell. Physiol. 109, 343-351]. Fibronectin, however, did not bind to sulfatides with high affinity but rather bound with low affinity to all anionic lipids tested, including phospholipids, gangliosides, and sulfatides.
Residue-Based Preorganization of BH3-Derived α/β-Peptides: Modulating Affinity, Selectivity and Proteolytic Susceptibility in α-Helix Mimics (2015)

We report progress toward a general strategy for mimicking the recognition properties of specific α-helices within natural proteins through the use of oligomers that are less susceptible than conventional peptides to proteolysis. The oligomers contain both α- and β-amino acid residues, with the density of the β subunits low enough that an α-helix-like conformation can be adopted but high enough to interfere with protease activity. Previous studies with a different protein-recognition system that suggested ring-constrained β residues can be superior to flexible β residues in terms of maximizing α/β-peptide affinity for a targeted protein surface. Here, we use mimicry of the 18-residue Bim BH3 domain to expand the scope of this strategy. Two significant advances have been achieved. First, we have developed and validated a new ring-constrained β residue that bears an acidic side chain, which complements previously known analogues that are either hydrophobic or basic. Second, we have discovered that placing cyclic β residues at sites that make direct contact with partner proteins can lead to substantial discrimination between structurally homologous binding partners, the proteins Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Overall, this study helps to establish that α/β-peptides containing ring-preorganized β residues can reliably provide proteolytically resistant ligands for proteins that naturally evolved to recognize α-helical partners.
Abstract 2176: Prenatal Hypoxic Stress Causes Cardiomyopathy Involving Cardiomyocyte Specific Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling (2006)

introduction Cardiovascular diseases in adulthood can be programmed in utero by prenatal stresses. The mechanism is unknown but may involve hypoxia. We assessed the hypothesis that prenatal hypoxic...
Sol2js (2018)

Could smart contracts written in Solidity, a popular language among blockchain developers for Ethereum, be run on other blockchain platforms such as Hyperleger Fabric. To run Solidity smart contracts on another blockchain platform, one can either incorporate the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) in the target blockchain, or perform a source-to-source translation of the Solidity contracts to a smart contract language for the target platform. This paper presents Sol2js, an open source source-to-source translation tool that generates Javascript smart contracts for Hyperledger Fabric from Solidity contracts, and provides a conceptual mapping of Ethereum constructs to that of Hyperleger Fabric, where possible. Presently, the tool is able to successfully translate 65-70% of Solidity constructs including major types, functions, inheritance, and events. The preliminary results show that the average of the lines of code (loc) across translated contracts is 7.5x more than the average of Solidity contracts loc while preserving contract semantics.
Antagonist HIV-1 Gag Peptides Induce Structural Changes in HLA B8 (1996)

In the cellular immune response, recognition by CTL-TCRs of viral antigens presented as peptides by HLA class I molecules, triggers destruction of the virally infected cell (Townsend, A.R.M., J. Rothbard, F.M. Gotch, G. Bahadur, D. Wraith, and A.J. McMichael. 1986. Cell. 44:959-968). Altered peptide ligands (APLs) which antagonise CTL recognition of infected cells have been reported (Jameson, S.C., F.R. Carbone, and M.J. Bevan. 1993. J. Exp. Med. 177:1541-1550). In one example, lysis of antigen presenting cells by CTLs in response to recognition of an HLA B8-restricted HIV-1 P17 (aa 24-31) epitope can be inhibited by naturally occurring variants of this peptide, which act as TCR antagonists (Klenerman, P., S. Rowland Jones, S. McAdam, J. Edwards, S. Daenke, D. Lalloo, B. Koppe, W. Rosenberg, D. Boyd, A. Edwards, P. Giangrande, R.E. Phillips, and A. McMichael. 1994. Nature (Lond.). 369:403-407). We have characterised two CTL clones and a CTL line whose interactions with these variants of P17 (aa 24-31) exhibit a variety of responses. We have examined the high resolution crystal structures of four of these APLs in complex with HLA B8 to determine alterations in the shape, chemistry, and local flexibility of the TCR binding surface. The variant peptides cause changes in the recognition surface by three mechanisms: changes contributed directly by the peptide, effects transmitted to the exposed peptide surface, and induced effects on the exposed framework of the peptide binding groove. While the first two mechanisms frequently lead to antagonism, the third has more profound effects on TCR recognition.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent and Emerging anti‐Diabetes Targets (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Assessment of whole spine vertebral bone marrow fat using chemical shift‐encoding based water‐fat MRI (2015)

Whole spine vertebral bone marrow fat could be reproducibly assessed by using chemical shift-encoding based water-fat MRI and showed anatomical variations.
Superior Sagittal Sinus Infection with Petriellidium boydii: Case Report (1989)

A case of infection of the superior sagittal sinus with Petriellidium boydii is reported. This relatively common fungal pathogen rarely invades the central nervous system. Immunological compromise and poor personal hygiene seem to be common attributes shared by this patient and the 4 previous patients reported to have suffered invasion of the central nervous system by this organism. This report is unique in that it is the first demonstrating apparent hematogenous dissemination of this organism to the central nervous system.
Oxygen Analyzers (2006)

Abstract This article gives an overview of the analyzers used to measure gaseous oxygen in medicine, physiology, and biology. Measurement of dissolved or bound oxygen is also important in medicine and is discussed in detail elsewhere in this Encyclopedia.
Investigations on Usability of Undermatched Joint in a Superconducting Coil Case for Fusion Reactor. (1991)

In a Power Fusion Reactor, a huge megnetic field is necessary for plasma confinement. This field also interacts with the high current to produce large forces tending to deform the superconducting cables ; this electro-magnetic force demands very high values of the cryogenic yield strength and fracture toughness in the supporting structural materials.
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (1998)

Digital systems are pervasive in modern society. We use computers for bookkeeping, engineering, publishing, and entertainment. Digital communications systems handle our telephone calls and enable our Web browsing sessions. Other uses of digital systems are less visible. Most consumer electronics products are largely digital and becoming more so. Music today is distributed digitally on compact optical disks, and video production is rapidly becoming a digital process. A typical appliance is controlled digitally by a microcomputer. As many as ten microcomputers can be found in the average car for controlling functions ranging from the sound system to the antilock brakes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core of the Zaragozic Acids (Squalestatins). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wage Employment : Impact of Mgnregs in Bardhaman, West Bengal (2013)

In this paper, we study the impact of MGNREGS on the beneficiaries and analyse potential management problems of the implementing agencies in Bardhaman, a relatively prosperous district of West Bengal. Analysis of official documents and primary data collection in all blocks over a period of three years indicates that Bardhaman has been successful in addressing the challenges of running the scheme. However, because of available alternative employment opportunities, conducting MGNREGS matching the Annual Action Plan is a serious challenge to the GPs. The local people look for less labour intensive schemes, and political parties pressurise Gram Panchayats to initiate popular errands which makes it difficult to match village needs with demands.
Evaluation of vascular repair by tissue-engineered human acellular vessels or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in a porcine model of limb ischemia and reperfusion (2023)

Based on the functional performance and the histologic profile of explanted HAVs, this study supports further investigation to evaluate long-term performance of the HAV when used to repair traumatic vascular injuries.