gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An overview of the clinical and biological features of the AIDS dementia complex (2005)

Abstract The recognition that the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be complicated by a unique and clinically important neurological syndrome, referred to here as the AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and the subsequent linkage of this syndrome to central nervous system (CNS) infection by the newly discovered retrovirus, now called human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), has generated a vigorous scientific and clinical effort to understand and ameliorate this condition. While directed primarily at relieving the high morbidity of this condition, the resultant research studies have also directed attention to broader questions of viral neuropathogenesis, immunopathology, and neurodegeneration. The perspective of this chapter is predominantly that of the clinician, since the clinical entity remains the touchstone of current understanding and ongoing inquiry, and its prevention and relief remain the long-term targets.
Toward the Creation of NMR Databases in Chiral Solvents for Assignments of Relative and Absolute Stereochemistry:  Proof of Concept (2001)

[structure: see text] An NMR database approach in a chiral solvent allows us to predict both relative and absolute stereochemistry of an unknown compound without degradation and/or derivatization. N,alpha-Dimethylbenzylamine (DMBA) is a suitable solvent for this purpose. Using the C.5-C.10 portion of oasomycin A, the feasibility and reliability of this approach is demonstrated.
Voltage Profile and Excess Subscription Assessments Indexes based on Random Selection of real Daily Loads Profiles (DLPs) on Residential Electric Grid Areas for a High Penetration of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs (2011)

International audience
39.4: Large Size FED with Carbon Nanotube Emitter (2002)

Abstract High‐luminance triode‐structure field‐emission‐display (FED) panel using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as emitters was first presented in 1999.[1,2] The demonstrated panel showed a good legibility and excellent luminance. After that, the emission stability in ambient gas was evaluated, and reported in 2000.[3] The toughness against ambient gas suggested that CNT FED would be applicable for a large size display panel. But, the experimental panel revealed the lack of luminous uniformity for actual displays. In IDRC'00, the emission uniformity was performed by the round edge smooth‐surface cathode which was formed by CNT‐network structure.[4] But, the luminous uniformity of large size full‐dot‐matrix display area was not satisfied by the distortion of line‐grid electrodes. In IDRC'01, we proposed an improved structure to realize an uniform luminance all over the large display area. The results revealed that the new‐structure improved the luminous uniformity with high‐luminance. A 14.5 inch x‐y addressed color panel with CNT field‐emitters was performed by the new technology. In this paper, we realized a large size CNT‐FED panel. The display area was ca.40‐inches. The 40‐inch‐panel was realized by the CNT emitter and new structures for manufacturing. The experimental panel revealed the CNT‐FED should be suitable for large size displays. The characteristics were discussed.
Integrated Strategies to Optimize Sputum Smear Microscopy: A Prospective Observational Study (2010)

In low-income, high TB burden settings, single-specimen microscopy and LED FM, either alone or in combination, could considerably increase identification of smear-positive TB cases.
Top‐Down Meets Bottom‐Up: Dip‐Pen Nanolithography and DNA‐Directed Assembly of Nanoscale Electrical Circuits (2004)

Nanoscale electrode junctions have been selectively functionalized with specific oligonucleotide sequences using dip-pen nanolithography (see picture). These sequences direct the assembly of electrical circuits containing 20- and 30-nm-diameter DNA-modified nanoparticles so that junctions bridged by single nanoparticles can be realized. Different nanoparticle types can be directed to specific junctions on a single chip through solution-phase bottom-up assembly.
Small Peptides as Ligands for Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylations of Olefins. Rational Design of Catalysts or of Searches that Lead to Them? (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In vivo perivascular implantation of encapsulated packaging cells for prolonged retroviral gene transfer (2001)

Long-term benefits of coronary angioplasty remain limited by the treatmentinduced renarrowing of arteries, termed restenosis. One of the mechanisms leading to restenosis is the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Therefore, proliferating cells of the injured arterial wall, which can be selectively transduced by retroviruses, are potential targets for gene therapy strategies. A direct single-dose therapeutic application of retroviral vectors for inhibition of cell proliferation is normally limited by too low transduction efficiencies. Encapsulated retrovirus-producing cells release viral vectors from microcapsules, and may enhance the transduction efficiency by prolonged infection. Primary and immortal murine and porcine cells and murine retrovirusproducing cells were encapsulated in cellulose sulphate. Cell viability was monitored by analysing cell metabolism. Safety, stability, transfer efficiency and extent of restenosis using capsules were determined in a porcine restenosis model for local gene therapy using morphometry, histology, in situ betagalactosidase assay and PCR. Encapsulation of cells did not impair cell viability. Capsules containing retrovirus-producing cells expressing the beta-galactosidase reporter gene were implanted into periarterial tissue or a pig model of restenosis. Three weeks following implantation, beta-galactosidase activity was detected in the pericapsular tissue with a transduction efficiency of ~ 1 in 500 cells. Adventitial implantation of vector-producing encapsulated cells for gene therapy may, therefore, facilitate successful targeting of proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells, and allow stable integration of therapeutic genes into surrounding cells. The encapsulation of vector-producing cells could represent a novel and feasible way to optimize local retroviral gene therapy.
Impact of Building-Level Motor Protection on Power System Transient Behaviors (2018)

Protection strategies for transmission and distribution systems have been extensively investigated to facilitate better coordination of physical protection devices. A diverse range of functional motors with dedicated protection schemes are being used more and more in commercial, residential, and industrial buildings. This paper focuses on simulating several of the most popular protection schemes using the ElectroMagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) model for three-phase and single-phase induction motors in existing commercial buildings connected to typical distribution feeders. To investigate the behaviors of single-phase motors stalling, the actions of motor protection and reconnections, and the impacts of device-level protection on system-level dynamics, we imposed voltage depressions at the head of a feeder fully loaded with functional induction motors. Several distribution feeders are represented in a standard IEEE 39-bus transmission system to simulate fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) and explore mitigation strategies by optimally configuring the building-level motor protection settings.
Low cost and power CNN/deep learning solution for automated driving (2018)

Automated driving functions, like highway driving and parking assist, are increasingly getting deployed in high-end cars with the ultimate goal of realizing self-driving car using Deep learning techniques like convolution neural network (CNN). For mass-market deployment, the embedded solution is required to address the right cost and performance envelope along with security and safety. In the case of automated driving, one of the key functionality is “finding drivable free space”, which is addressed using deep learning techniques like CNN. These CNN networks pose huge computing requirements in terms of hundreds of GOPS/TOPS (Giga or Tera operations per second), which seems beyond the capability of today's embedded SoC. This paper covers various techniques consisting of fixed-point conversion, sparse multiplication, fusing of layers and network pruning, for tailoring on the embedded solution. These techniques are implemented on the device by means of optimized Deep learning library for inference. The paper concludes by demonstrating the results of a CNN network running in real time on TI's TDA2X embedded platform producing a high-quality drivable space output for automated driving.
Oral administration of Lactococcus lactis expressing recombinant 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15 LOX-1) modulates chemically induced colitis in mice (2016)

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by extensive inflammation due to dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune system whose exact etiology is not yet completely understood. Currently there is no cure for IBD, thus the search for new molecules capable of controlling IBD and their delivery to the site of inflammation are the goal of many researchers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the oral administration of a Lactococcus (L.) lactis strain producing 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model. Methods: The anti-inflammatory strain L. lactislacti NCDO 2118 was modified to produce active 15-LOX-1 and tested in in a DSS induced IBD mouse model. Results: This 15-LOX-1 producing L. lactis was effective in the prevention of the intestinal damage associated to inflammatory bowel disease in a murine model and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-4 while increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. L. lactis NCDO 2118 acts not just as a tool to delivery 15-LOX-1 in the inflamed gut mucosa but still retains its anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions: This strain could be used in novel adjunct IBD treatment protocols.
Investigation of Focal Loss in Deep Learning Models For Femur Fractures Classification (2019)

This paper develops an approach based on deep learning for the classifications of a common critical type of bone fractures, namely proximal femur. The performance of the state-of-the-art deep learning architecture, DenseNet, is investigated along with a recently introduced loss function, focal loss, to address the problem of imbalanced classes. Quantitative assessment is carried out on a real dataset consisting of 1347 X-ray images. Results demonstrate that the proposed deep learning approach utilizing focal loss show better performance for the fracture detection case and comparable results for the classification scenarios.
Resources and Productivity in Radiation Oncology in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden During 1987 (1991)

Data concerning megavoltage equipment and use of megavoltage external beams in cancer management during 1987 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden were collected from all 37 centres serving a population of 23 million in these countries. Population per Linear Accelerator Equivalent (LAE) unit ranged from 0.30 million/LAE unit (Denmark) to 0.19 million/LAE unit (Sweden). The number of field treatments were 227,548 (Denmark), 259,917 (Finland), 10,426 (Iceland), 147,960 (Norway) and 490,126 (Sweden). The number of field treatments per million population per year ranged from 35,229 (Norway) to 58,438 (Sweden). The number of field treatments per LAE unit/year ranged from 13,192 (Denmark) to 9,546 (Norway). The fraction of cancer patients receiving megavoltage radiotherapy in 1987 out of all newly diagnosed cancer patients during 1987 was 24% in Denmark, 37% in Iceland, 25% in Norway, and 34% in Finland and Sweden. We conclude that Denmark and Norway probably did not provide adequate levels of radiotherapy for their cancer patients during 1987.
Display of a β-mannanase and a chitosanase on the cell surface of Lactobacillus plantarum towards the development of whole-cell biocatalysts (2016)

This study shows that mannanolytic and chitinolytic enzymes can be anchored to the cell surface of L. plantarum in active forms. L. plantarum chitosanase- and mannanase-displaying cells should be of interest for the production of potentially 'prebiotic' oligosaccharides. This approach, with the enzyme of interest being displayed on the cell surface of a food-grade organism, may also be applied in production processes relevant for food industry.
An IC-level countermeasure against laser fault injection attack by information leakage sensing based on laser-induced opto-electric bulk current density (2019)

Abstract Laser fault injection (LFI) attacks on cryptographic processor ICs are a critical threat to information systems. This paper proposes an IC-level integrated countermeasure employing an information leakage sensor against an LFI attack. Distributed bulk current sensors monitor abnormal bulk current density caused by laser irradiation for LFI. Time-interleaved sensor operation and sensitivity tuning can obtain partial secret key leakage bit information with small layout area penalty. Based on the leakage information, the secret key can be securely updated to realize high-availability resilient systems. The test chip was designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μ m standard CMOS, integrating a 128-bit advanced encryption standard cryptographic processor with the proposed information leakage sensor. This evaluation successfully demonstrated bulk current density and leakage bit monitoring.
Nephrotic syndrome following non‐myeloablative stem cell transplantation – Response to Ruiz‐Arguelles and Gomez‐Almaguer (2006)

We thank Dr Ruiz-Arguelles and Dr Gomez-Almaguer for their comment on our report (Srinivasan et al, 2005) describing nephrotic syndrome following cyclophosphamide/fludarabine-based non-myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In their comment, they described a low incidence of nephrotic syndrome in their patient population undergoing reduced-intensity HCT; coupled with their anecdotal observation of nephrotic syndrome in a single patient in their cohort who had undergone a second allograft, the authors argued that the incidence of this complication was probably influenced by the composition and dose intensity of the conditioning regimen employed. The low incidence of nephrotic syndrome associated with ‘conventional’ HCT, including those employing conditioning regimens using high-dose busulphan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, total body irradiation, etc readily suggests that dose intense conditioning, in and of itself, is unlikely to lead to this complication. It is equally unlikely that reduced-intensity conditioning using the combination of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine leads to an increased risk of nephrotic syndrome. This combination has been used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and has not been reported to be associated with nephrotic syndrome even in patients receiving cumulative doses comparable with that used in our patients undergoing HCT (O'Brien et al, 2001; Eichhorst et al, 2005). Furthermore, no cases of nephrotic syndrome were reported in a cohort of patients with malignant melanoma who received cyclophosphamide/fludarabine followed by adoptive infusion of autologous tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, where the dose and administration schedule of both agents were identical to those employed in our conditioning regimen (Dudley et al, 2005). Rather, several observations strongly suggest that dysregulated humoral immunity contributes to the increased incidence of nephrotic syndrome observed in our case series, including: (i) the critical role that immune complex deposition plays in the pathogenesis of membranous glomerulonephritis; and (ii) the occurrence in our transplant population of other immune-mediated complications caused by host B cells/plasma cells (such as delayed donor erythropoiesis; and pure red cell aplasia in recipients of major ABO incompatible transplants) that survive and persist for prolonged periods following cyclophosphamide/fludarabine-based conditioning (Griffith et al, 2005). Our data suggest that factors that affect immune engraftment kinetics, such as the immunosuppressive potential of the transplant conditioning and post-transplant immune manipulation (Baron et al, 2005), are far more likely to be responsible for the variability in the incidence of this complication following different non-myeloablative transplant approaches.
Effective Beam Width of Directional Antennas in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

It is known at a qualitative level that directional antennas can be used to boost the capacity of wireless ad hoc networks. Lacking is a measure to quantify this advantage and to compare directional antennas of different footprint patterns. This paper introduces the concept of the effective beam width (and the effective null width as its dual counterpart) as a measure which quantitatively captures the capacity-boosting capability of directional antennas. Beam width is commonly defined to be the directional angle spread within which the main-lobe beam power is above a certain threshold. In contrast, our effective beam width definition lumps the effects of the (i) antenna pattern, (ii) active-node distribution, and (iii) channel characteristics, on network capacity into a single quantitative measure. We investigate the mathematical properties of the effective beam width and show how the convenience afforded by these properties can be used to analyze the effectiveness of complex directional antenna patterns in boosting network capacity, with fading and multi-user interference taken into account. In particular, we derive the extent to which network capacity can be scaled with the use of phased array antennas. We show that a phased array antenna with N elements can boost transport capacity of an Aloha-like network by a factor of order N^1.620.
Capillary Embolization Using Ethiodol-Ethanol for Complete Renal Ablation in Swine (2002)

Kónya A, Wright K. Capillary embolization using Ethiodol-ethanol for complete renal ablation in swine. Invest Radiol 2002;37:512–520. Rationale and Objectives. To evaluate the effect of capillary embolization with superselectively administered 1:1 Ethiodol-ethanol mixture (EEM) for complete nephrectomy in normal porcine kidneys. Materials and Methods. One kidney in each animal was completely embolized by sequential segmental arterial injections of the EEM via a microcatheter until complete capillary stasis occurred. Group 1 (n = 5): Initial embolization did not occlude the arterial compartment. Group 2 (n = 7): The capillary embolization was performed in conjunction with absolute ethanol injection and coil placement during balloon catheter occlusion. Results. Group 1: Complete recanalization occurred following the EEM embolization (1-week). After the repeat embolization (EEM + pure ethanol without balloon occlusion), three of five kidneys showed partial recanalization (2-weeks). Following a third embolization (EEM + coil) in two pigs, one kidney showed partial recanalization (12-weeks). Group 2: Complete renal artery occlusion was achieved in all kidneys with no recanalization. Histologically, four kidneys exhibited total ablation whereas three showed minimal preexisting parenchyma (8-weeks). Conclusions. Permanent arterial occlusion with histologically complete renal ablation was achieved using a two-phase technique of homogeneous capillary embolization with 1:1 EEM and ethanol and coil occlusion performed during temporary balloon occlusion. Sequential segmental EEM injections alone did not produce permanent capillary embolization.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance for the Diagnosis of Liver Metastases (2021)

Contrast-enhanced PET/MR has a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than either PET or MRI alone in the setting of suspected liver metastases. Fewer lesions were characterized as indeterminate by PET/MR in comparison with PET and MRI. This superior performance could potentially impact treatment and management decisions for patients with suspected liver metastases.
Temperature-Sensitive Structure Evolution of Lithium–Manganese-Rich Layered Oxides for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Cathodes of lithium-rich layered oxides for high-energy Li-ion batteries in electrically powered vehicles are attracting considerable attention by the research community. However, current research is insufficient to account for their complex reaction mechanism and application. Here, the structural evolution of lithium-manganese-rich layered oxides at different temperatures during electrochemical cycling has been investigated thoroughly, and their structural stability has been designed. The results indicated structure conversion from the two structures into a core-shell structure with a single distorted-monoclinic LiTMO<sub>2</sub> structure core and disordered-spinel/rock salt structure shell, along with lattice oxygen extraction and lattice densification, transition- metal migration, and aggregation on the crystal surface. The structural conversion behavior was found to be seriously temperature sensitive, accelerated with higher temperature, and can be effectively adjusted by structural design. This study clarifies the structural evolution mechanism of these lithium-rich layered oxides and opens the door to the design of similar high-energy materials with better cycle stability.
CCDC 1517424: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2017)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Surfactant‐free Fabrication of Fullerene C60 Nanotubules Under Shear (2016)

A method for controlling the self-assembly of fullerene C<sub>60</sub> molecules into nanotubules in the fcc phase, devoid of entrapped solvent, has been established in a thin film microfluidic device. The micron length C<sub>60</sub> nanotubules, with individual hollow diameters of 100 to 400 nm, are formed under continuous flow processing during high shear micromixing of water and a toluene solution of the fullerene, in the absence of surfactant, and without the need for further down-stream processing. TEM revealed pores on the surface of the nanotubes, and the isolated material has a much higher response to small molecule sensing than that for analogous material formed using multistep batch processing.