gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid iterative MIMO detection algorithm: Partial Gaussian approach with integer programming (2014)

In this paper, after showing MMSE-SIC suffers from performance loss when the channel is spatially correlated for Massive MIMO, we propose an effective hybrid iterative detection algorithm named partial Gaussian approach with integer programming (PGA-IP) to handle correlated channels. In PGA-IP, a partial gaussian approach is first employed to reduce the massive MIMO detection (with large dimension N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ×N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> MIMO channel) to a problem of marginalizing M (M is a parameter and M≪ N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) discrete valued symbols over an M-degree quadratic function. Then we employ integer programming which is a tree based branch-and-bound search algorithm to further reduce the complexity of the M-dimensional marginalization. Simulation results show that the proposed PGA-IP outperforms MMSE-SIC by about 5dB under heavily correlated channel with only several times of increased computational complexity. At the same time, with about 5% of the complexity of the exact PGA algorithm, the proposed PGA-IP only suffers marginal performance penalty.
Decision-making process for introduction of maternal vaccines in Kenya, 2017–2018 (2021)

Public policy development process is complex and multifaceted by its nature. As Kenya prepares for introduction of other maternal vaccines, it is important that the identified policy gaps and challenges are addressed.
Touchfire: Towards a glove-mounted tactile display for rendering temperature readings for firefighters (2010)

The temperatures of objects and ambient air are important to a firefighter when fighting an indoor fire. Firefighters have difficulty sensing temperature through their protective gloves, yet the often-used practice of removing their gloves risks burning their hands. One potential solution is to add a temperature sensor outside of the glove and a tactile display inside the glove that maps the sensed temperature into varying tactile patterns. We create a two-vibrator display, mounted on the wrist, and perform two studies to determine how well different speeds of simple alternating patterns can be distinguished. Our results show that the patterns' periods should differ by more than 300ms and that age may play a significant role in a user's ability to perceive the patterns.
Inherent Surface Activation of Laser-Scribed Graphene Decorated with Au and Ag Nanoparticles: Simultaneous Electrochemical Behavior toward Uric Acid and Dopamine (2021)

Laser-scribed graphene electrodes (LSGEs) have attracted great attention for the development of electrochemical (bio)sensors due to their excellent electronic properties, large surface area, and high porosity, which enhances the electrons' transfer rate. An increasing active surface area and defect sites are the quickest way to amplify the electrochemical sensing attributes of the electrodes. Here, we have found that the activation procedure coupled to the electrodeposition of metal nanoparticles resulted in a significant amplification of the active area and the analytical performance. This preliminary study is supported by the demonstration of the simultaneous electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) by the electrochemically activated LSGEs (LSGE*s). Furthermore, the electrodeposition of two different metal nanoparticles, gold (Au) and silver (Ag), was performed in multiple combinations on working and reference electrodes to investigate the enhancement in the electrochemical response of LSGE*s. Current enhancements of 32, 27, and 35% were observed from LSGE* with WE:Au/RE:LSG/CE:LSGE, WE:Au/RE:Au/CE:LSGE, and WE:Au/RE:Ag/CE:LSGE, compared to the same combinations of LSGEs without any surface activation. A homemade and practical potentiostat, KAUSTat, was used in these electrochemical depositions in this study. Among all of the combinations, the surface area was increased 1.6-, 2.0-, and 1.2-fold for WE:Au/RE:LSG/CE:LSGE, WE:Au/RE:Au/CE:LSGE, and WE:Au/RE:Ag/CE:LSGE prepared from LSGE*s, respectively. To evaluate the analytical performance, DA and UA were detected simultaneously in the presence of ascorbic acid. The LODs of DA and UA are calculated to be ∼0.8 and ∼0.6 μM, respectively. Hence, this study has the potential to open new insights into new surface activation strategies with a combination of one-step nanostructured metal depositions by a custom-made potentiostat. This novel strategy could be an excellent and straightforward method to enhance the electrochemical transducer sensitivity for various electrochemical sensing applications.
<title>Polarization-independent mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings</title> (2002)

We have developed long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) utilizing the photoelastic effect and have demonstrated polarization-independent operation. The LPFG is made by pressing a standard, jacketed single-mode fiber between a flat plate and a plate with grooves mechanically machined with a suitable period. The grating's transmission spectrum is easily tuned by adjusting pressure, grating tilt, and length. Furthermore, the grating can be completely erased by removing the pressure from the fiber. Grating attenuation greater than 25 dB has been demonstrated with a notch-location polarization dependence of +-4 nm. In this paper we report drastic reduction in this polarization dependence by two different approaches. Passing through the grating a second time after reflecting off a Faraday rotator mirror was successful; this method may be used with other types of LPFGs. The second approach utilizes our mechanical grating's ability to be double-passed with two fibers side-by-side. Between passes, a fiber-loop half-wave plate aligned at 45 degrees to the plane of the grooved plate swaps power between x- and y-polarization states. The resulting output's measured polarization dependence was smaller than +/- 0.2 nm. Further improvement is expected through careful tuning of the wave plate. We also report a computer model of the filter spectrum and its polarization dependence, which takes into account non-uniform index perturbation, lossy cladding modes, cladding index perturbation, as well as the polarization dependence of the photoelastic effect, characteristics not usually present in UV-induced LPFGs. The model generates transmission spectra that agree quite well with experimental results.
Intracavity gain and absorption dynamics of hybrid modelocked semiconductor lasers using multiple quantum well saturable absorbers (1997)

Time resolved intracavity gain, saturable absorption dynamics, intracavity intensity pulse profiles, and their corresponding spectrograms, were measured in an external cavity hybrid mode-locked semiconductor diode laser. These measurements were performed to obtain fundamental information of the mode-locking dynamics and to determine their role in the pulse shaping and chirping dynamics. The results of these experiments show that the integrating nonlinearity associated with gain depletion, coupled with group velocity dispersion, leads to asymmetric intensity pulse profiles with predominantly cubic temporal phase, while saturable absorption coupled with group velocity dispersion tends to linearize the chirp. Exploitation of these dynamics may allow researchers to generate optical pulses with higher peak intensities than previously reported.
Structure-activity relationships of pentamidine analogs against Giardia lamblia and correlation of antigiardial activity with DNA-binding affinity (1991)

1,5-Di(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) and 38 analogs of pentamidine were screened for in vitro activity against the enteric protozoan Giardia lamblia WB (ATCC 30957). All compounds were active against G. lamblia as measured by a [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation assay. Antigiardial activity varied widely, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) ranging from 0.51 +/- 0.13 microM (mean +/- standard deviation) for the most active compound to over 100.0 microM for the least active compounds. The IC50 of the most potent antigiardial agent, 1,3-di(4-amidino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane compared favorably with the IC50s of the compounds currently used to treat giardiasis, i.e., furazolidone (1.0 +/- 0.03 microM), metronidazole (2.1 +/- 0.80 microM), quinacrine HCl (0.03 +/- 0.02 microM), and tinidazole (0.78 +/- 0.48 microM). A mode of antigiardial activity for these compounds was suggested by the correlation observed between antigiardial activity and the binding of the compounds to calf thymus DNA and poly(dA).poly(dT).
Applications of rapid time-gated hyperspectral FLIM: live cell imaging of membrane order and 6-D microscopy (2007)

We describe the characterisation of a hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope that exploits high-speed time-gated imaging technology and a tunable continuum source for 6-D fluorescence imaging. This line-scanning confocal microscope can record the full spectral-temporal (i.e. excitation-emission-lifetime) fluorescence matrix at each pixel in a three dimensional (x-y-z) sample. This instrument has been applied to biological samples including model membranes and live cells labelled with the phase-sensitive membrane dye di-4-ANEPPDHQ, for which significant variation of lifetime with emission wavelength is observed.
High throughput assay for evaluation of reactive carbonyl scavenging capacity (2014)

Many carbonyl species from either lipid peroxidation or glycoxidation are extremely reactive and can disrupt the function of proteins and enzymes. 4-hydroxynonenal and methylglyoxal are the most abundant and toxic lipid-derived reactive carbonyl species. The presence of these toxics leads to carbonyl stress and cause a significant amount of macromolecular damages in several diseases. Much evidence indicates trapping of reactive carbonyl intermediates may be a useful strategy for inhibiting or decreasing carbonyl stress-associated pathologies. There is no rapid and convenient analytical method available for the assessment of direct carbonyl scavenging capacity, and a very limited number of carbonyl scavengers have been identified to date, their therapeutic potential being highlighted only recently. In this context, we have developed a new and rapid sensitive fluorimetric method for the assessment of reactive carbonyl scavengers without involvement glycoxidation systems. Efficacy of various thiol- and non-thiol-carbonyl scavenger pharmacophores was tested both using this screening assay adapted to 96-well microplates and in cultured cells. The scavenging effects on the formation of Advanced Glycation End-product of Bovine Serum Albumin formed with methylglyoxal, 4-hydroxynonenal and glucose-glycated as molecular models were also examined. Low molecular mass thiols with an α-amino-β-mercaptoethane structure showed the highest degree of inhibitory activity toward both α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and dicarbonyls. Cysteine and cysteamine have the best scavenging ability toward methylglyoxal. WR-1065 which is currently approved for clinical use as a protective agent against radiation and renal toxicity was identified as the best inhibitor of 4-hydroxynonenal.
Phase I/II Study of the P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) Inhibitor Zosuquidar Administered by Continuous Infusion (CIV) with Daunorubicin (DNR) and Cytarabine (ARA-C) as Primary Therapy in Older Patients with Pgp-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (2007)

Background: Pgp expression in AML increases with age and correlates with inferior therapeutic response and survival. Zosuquidar is a potent and highly specific Pgp inhibitor with minimal pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction with conventional xenobiotic antineoplastics. Prolonged Pgp blockade is believed necessary to optimize antineoplastic sensitization in resistant cells in vitro. We previously reported that 72-hour CIV Zosuquidar at 700 mg/d resulted in rapid and sustained Pgp inhibition during the entire period of anthracycline administration in Pgp+ AML (Lancet, et al. ASH 2006). Methods: We report interim results from a Phase I/II trial of 72-hr CIV zosuquidar in older adults with newly diagnosed Pgp+ AML. Primary objective: to determine the response (CR + CRp) rate in Pgp+ patients. Eligibility included ages 55–75, ECOG PS 0-2, adequate end-organ function, and Pgp+ by functional assay. Zosuquidar was initiated 4 hrs prior to the first doses of DNR (45 mg/m2/d x 3d) and ARA-C (100 mg/m2/d CIV x 7d) and continued for 72 hrs. Reinduction with the same dosing schedule was permitted in patients with significant cytoreduction without aplasia. Patients who achieved a CR/CRp received up to 2 cycles of consolidation with the same agents using an abbreviated schedule. Results: 67 patients with Pgp+ AML were enrolled on the study; 80 patients were included in the safety analysis. Sixty-two of the 67 Pgp+ patients received Zosuquidar at 700 mg/day, while 5 received 800 mg/day (during phase I). Median age was 66; M/F was 46/21; cytogenetics: adverse (19), intermediate (29), and unknown/not done (19); de novo/secondary AML: 36/31. Mean percentage of planned Zosuquidar actually administered was 94%. CR/CRp was achieved in 32 of 66 (48%) evaluable Pgp+ patients (CR=25, CRp=7). Fifteen of 31 (48%) patients with secondary AML, and 6 of 19 (32%) with adverse-risk cytogenetics achieved CR/CRp. Eight of 14 (57%) patients age ≥ 70 responded. Induction-related death (&lt; 30 days) occurred in 10% of patients. Other common toxicities included infection/febrile neutropenia (89%), tremor (42%), hallucinations (11%), nausea (52%), and diarrhea (51%). Median times to neutrophil (≥ 1000/μL) and platelet (≥ 100,000/μL) recovery were 34 and 33 days, respectively. With a median followup of 7.5 months, the median overall survival was 8.9 months and the median relapse-free survival was 9.3 months. Conclusions: CIV Zosuquidar 700 mg/d with DNR and ARA-C is well tolerated, with signs of clinical benefit in poor-risk older patients with Pgp+ AML, warranting continued study of this combination. Accrual to the current trial is ongoing.
The design and application of the PowerPC 405LP energy-efficient system-on-a-chip (2003)

The PowerPC® 405LP system-on-a-chip (SoC) processor, which was developed for high-content, battery-powered application space, provides dynamic voltage-scaling and on-the-fly frequency-scaling capabilities that allow the system and applications to adapt to changes in their performance demands and power constraints during operation. The 405LP operates over a voltage supply range of 1.95 to 0.9 V with a range of power efficiencies of 1.0 to 3.9 MIPS/mW when executing the Dhrystone benchmark. Operating system and application software support allow the applications to take full advantage of the energy-efficiency capabilities of the SoC. This paper describes the organization of the SoC design, details the capabilities provided in the design to match the performance and power consumption with the need of the application, describes how these capabilities are employed, and presents measured results for the PowerPC 405LP processor.
Effects of Gain and Index of Difficulty on Mouse Movement Time and Fitts’ Law (2019)

The mouse, being the major means of inputting and controlling data on a computer, should beset right for best performance. Mouse gain, defined as the ratio of the movement distance on the computer screen to the movement distance of the mouse, controls the movement time when both speed and accuracy are important. Reported optimum gain values vary widely from about 2 to 15. An experiment having a targeting task was used to test 16 participants using a wide range of gain (1.2, 2.4, 14.5, and 38.9). An optimum gain of 2.4 was found for a display movement amplitude (A) of 100 mm, whereas the optimum gain was 14.5 for amplitudes of 200 and 400 mm. Depending on the gain and the movement amplitude, Fitts' law should be modified to accurately model movement time (MT) in the form of MT = A + b(ID) - c(A*ID). Only at low gains could a critical index of difficulty be determined, that being about 3.5.
흑마늘 추출물이 인체위암세포의 tight junction 투과성 조절과 세포 침윤성 억제에 미치는 영향 (2010)

Garlic (Allium sativum) has been well-known as a folk remedy for a variety of ailments since ancient times, and it is well documented that enhanced garlic consumption leads to a decrease in incidences of cancer. Tight junctions (TJs) are critical structures for the maintenance of cellular polarity, acting as paracellular permeability barriers and playing an essential role in regulating the diffusion of fluid, electrolytes and macromolecules through the paracellular pathway. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated as possible mediators of invasiveness and metastasis in some cancers. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of water extract of aged black garlic (ABG) on the correlation between tightening of TJs and anti-invasive activity in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. The inhibitory effects of ABG on cell motility and invasiveness were found to be associated with increased tightness of TJs, which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance. Additionally, the activities of MMP-2 and -9 in AGS cells were inhibited by treatment with ABG, and this was also correlated with a decrease in the expression of their mRNA and proteins. Furthermore, RT-PCR and immunoblotting results indicated that ABG repressed the levels of the claudin proteins, major components of TJs that playa key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. In conclusion, these results suggest that ABG treatment may inhibit tumor metastasis and invasion, and therefore may act as a dietary source to decrease the risk of developing cancer.
On the origin of bistable resistive switching in metal organic charge transfer complex memory cells (2007)

Electrical characteristics of Cu:tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) devices with different electrodes were studied. The comparison of impedance spectroscopic measurements on devices with Al and Pt top electrodes proved the existence of a high resistive interface layer between Cu:TCNQ and Al. An equivalent circuit was modeled and the resulting values suggest that the interface layer is composed of naturally formed aluminum oxide. Devices with deliberately formed aluminum oxide and without Cu:TCNQ were fabricated and revealed a similar behavior. The authors propose that the switching effect in Cu:TCNQ thin film devices is a Cu ion based electrochemical effect occurring in a thin aluminum oxide layer.
Spatially and temporally resolved absorption spectroscopy in a nanoparticle forming rf-plasma (2018)

International audience
Virtualized-elastic-regenerator placement by firefly algorithm for translucent elastic optical networks (2016)

A virtualized-Elastic-regenerator (VER) is a promising solution for efficiently regenerating various bandwidth super-channels in elastic optical networks (EON). It is very important for EON to solve an optimization on VER placement, and routing and spectrum assignment (VER-PRSA). However, VER-PRSA problem is hard to obtain the optimum solution since it is very complicated problem. In order to solve VER-PRSA problem, this study proposes an application of the binary real coded firefly algorithm (BRCFF) to VER placement. Furthermore, a novel routing method, that considers the degree of spectrum congestion, is also proposed. We apply the proposed algorithm to four network models and compare with SP-FN algorithm and the previous algorithm, and we confirm that the proposed method reduces both the total number of VERs and the highest FSU-index in comparison with the conventional methods.
Cutting Edge: A Novel, Human-Specific Interacting Protein Couples FOXP3 to a Chromatin-Remodeling Complex That Contains KAP1/TRIM28 (2013)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance. Deficiency or dysfunction of Tregs leads to severe autoimmune diseases. Although the forkhead/winged-helix family member FOXP3 is critical for Treg differentiation and function, the molecular basis for FOXP3 function remains unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized a human-specific FOXP3-interacting protein, referred to as FIK (FOXP3-interacting KRAB domain-containing protein). FIK is highly expressed in Tregs and acts as a bridging molecule to link FOXP3 with the chromatin-remodeling scaffold protein KAP1 (TIF-1β/TRIM28). Disruption of the FOXP3-FIK-KAP1 complex in Tregs restored expression of FOXP3-target genes and abrogated the suppressor activity of the Tregs. These data demonstrate a critical role for FIK in regulating FOXP3 activity and Treg function.
Fiber Nonlinear Noise-to-Signal Ratio Estimation by Machine Learning (2019)

A machine learning-based estimation method for fiber nonlinear noise-to-signal ratio is proposed, which does not require channel state information. The generalization problem of machine learning model from homogeneous to inhomogeneous cases is also investigated.
Comparison of Sepsis-Induced Transcriptomic Changes in a Murine Model to Clinical Blood Samples Identifies Common Response Patterns (2012)

Experimental models, mimicking physiology, and molecular dynamics of diseases in human, harbor the possibility to study the effect of interventions and transfer results from bench to bedside. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies, standardized protocols, and integration of knowledge from databases yielded rising consistency and usability of results for inter-species comparisons. Here, we explored similarities and dissimilarities in gene expression from blood samples of a murine sepsis model (peritoneal contamination and infection, PCI) and patients from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) measured by microarrays. Applying a consistent pre-processing and analysis workflow, differentially expressed genes (DEG) from PCI and PICU data significantly overlapped. A major fraction of DEG was commonly expressed and mapped to adaptive and innate immune response related pathways, whereas the minor fraction, including the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, exhibited constant inter-species disparities. Reproducibility of transcriptomic observations was validated experimentally in PCI. These data underline, that inter-species comparison can obtain commonly expressed transcriptomic features despite missing homologs and different protocols. Our findings point toward a high suitability of an animal sepsis model and further experimental efforts in order to transfer results from animal experiments to the bedside.
Feature Usability Index and Optimal Feature Subset Selection (2010)

Feature usability index is introduced here as a measure for evaluating classification efficacy of features. It is defined using measures of homogeneity, class specificity, and error in decision making. Homogeneity measures the extent of outlying observations, class specificity assesses the separation between distributions of different labeled classes, and error in decision making is computed using overlap in posteriori decision boundary. This is followed by feature ranking and optimal feature subset selection through ordering of features based on feature usability index and involves a complexity of O (D log D) for D features. The results validating classifier independent feature ranking and optimal feature subset selection are also presented aong with a comparative analysis using 2 statistics for feature selection.