gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and crystal structure of a dioxo heterometallic complex CpWOs3(CO)9(µ-O)2(µ-H)(Cp =η-C5H5) (1988)

The dioxo complex CpWOs3(CO)9(µ-O)2(µ-H)(Cp =η-C5H5) has been prepared from CpWOs3(CO)12(µ-H) by treatment with Me3NO and then 95% ethanol; the crystal structure has been determined, suggesting the presence of unique bridging oxo ligands.
A method for estimating intracellular sodium concentration and extracellular volume fraction in brain in vivo using sodium magnetic resonance imaging (2014)

In this feasibility study we propose a method based on sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating simultaneously the intracellular sodium concentration (C1, in mM) and the extracellular volume fraction (α) in grey and white matters (GM, WM) in brain in vivo. Mean C1 over five healthy volunteers was measured ~11 mM in both GM and WM, mean α was measured ~0.22 in GM and ~0.18 in WM, which are in close agreement with standard values for healthy brain tissue (C1 ~ 10-15 mM, α ~ 0.2). Simulation of 'fluid' and 'solid' inclusions were accurately detected on both the C1 and α 3D maps and in the C1 and α distributions over whole GM and WM. This non-invasive and quantitative method could provide new biochemical information for assessing ion homeostasis and cell integrity in brain and help the diagnosis of early signs of neuropathologies such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors or stroke.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods and Reactions. Part 186. Aluminum Chloride‐Catalyzed Nitration of Aromatics with Sodium Nitrate/Chlorotrimethylsilane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automatic Registration of RGB-D Scans via Salient Directions (2013)

We address the problem of wide-baseline registration of RGB-D data, such as photo-textured laser scans without any artificial targets or prediction on the relative motion. Our approach allows to fully automatically register scans taken in GPS-denied environments such as urban canyon, industrial facilities or even indoors. We build upon image features which are plenty, localized well and much more discriminative than geometry features, however, they suffer from viewpoint distortions and request for normalization. We utilize the principle of salient directions present in the geometry and propose to extract (several) directions from the distribution of surface normals or other cues such as observable symmetries. Compared to previous work we pose no requirements on the scanned scene (like containing large textured planes) and can handle arbitrary surface shapes. Rendering the whole scene from these repeatable directions using an orthographic camera generates textures which are identical up to 2D similarity transformations. This ambiguity is naturally handled by 2D features and allows to find stable correspondences among scans. For geometric pose estimation from tentative matches we propose a fast and robust 2 point sample consensus scheme integrating an early rejection phase. We evaluate our approach on different challenging real world scenes.
A Principled Approach Using Fuzzy Set Theory for Passage-Based Document Retrieval (2020)

In this article, we present a novel principled approach to passage-based (document) retrieval using fuzzy set theory. The approach formulates passage score combination according to general relevance decision principles. By operationalizing these principles using aggregation operators of fuzzy set theory, our approach justifies the common heuristics of taking the maximum constituent passage score as the overall document score. Experiments show that this heuristics is only the near best, with some fuzzy set aggregation operators stipulated in our approach being better methods. The significance of our principled approach is the applicability of many passage score combination methods, potentially bringing further performance enhancement. Experiments on several text retrieval conference collections demonstrate that our approach performs significantly better than document-based retrieval. While recent works in the literature mostly employ document-based rather than passage-based retrieval due to the common conception that document length normalization solves the problem of varying document lengths, our results show that document length normalization alone is not sufficient, especially in pseudo-relevance feedback retrieval.
<title>Multichannel optical oscilloscope for sampling broadband free-space optoelectronic circuits</title> (1996)

The advent of large-scale, free-space, opto-electronic interconnections, as demonstrated in recent system prototypes, requires new sampling methods to reveal diagnostic information. Several factors contribute to the difficulty of probing optical communications channels without disrupting their operation. High-speed electronic connections to the chip periphery are not available in sufficient number and would contribute an undesirable thermal load. Electronic and optical physical contact probes would obscure many of the optical channels that are relayed to a common surface of the chip in current systems. Optical sampling provides the better method although many standard techniques are either too time consuming or complex to implement. We describe a tool we developed that delivers diagnostic information on a large number of high-speed, optical data channels simultaneously and operates analogously to the conventional sampling electronic oscilloscope. The optical oscilloscope is constructed using CCD cameras and video capture boards that are controlled by a software application resident in a personal computer. Sampling is based on a stroboscopic method of using short pulsed laser probe beam synchronized to a data stream to illuminate optical modulators within the optoelectronic circuit. We have demonstrated and discuss the tool's capability of simultaneously monitoring arrays of broadband optoelectronic devices operating at speeds from several hundred Megabit/s to a few Gigabit/s.
Plasma heating from alpha particle micro-instabilities (1981)

Potential use of thermonuclear (i.e., fusion product) driven kinetic instabilities to heat the background plasma has long been recognized. Considerable research on velocity space micro-instabilities exists. Most work to date has focused upon the basic physics criteria for and characteristics of particular micro-instabilities. Kinetic instabilities resulting in spatial transport of fusion products have also received some attention, but the effects on reactor concepts and performance remain uncertain. We have developed an engineering model which scopes the effect of a velocity space relaxation of fast alphas on a quasi-linear time scale. This model includes the additional heating to background plasma ions under the assumptions of: ion damping of the plasma wave; heating to background plasma results predominantly from fusion products; and periodic hiccups of the instability.
Level of education modulates the impact of tau-pathology on neuronal function (2019)

Since PET imaging studies have consistently demonstrated a close relationship between tau-pathology and changes in glucose metabolism (i.e. neuronal dysfunction), we investigated whether this relationship is influenced by the level of education in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Process synchronization in workflow management systems (2002)

Workflow management systems automate the execution of business processes allowing the concurrent execution of multiple process instances. Existing systems do not provide a mechanism to guarantee correct concurrent execution and, as a result, it is not possible to coordinate and synchronize different process instances. Part of the problem is that conventional techniques are not entirely suitable for workflow environments. In databases, locks are the basic mechanism. In operating systems, this is achieved using semaphores or monitors. Neither of these approaches is appropriate for workflow applications. A method is proposed to enforce correct interleavings and guarantee mutual exclusion, as defined by the user, between concurrent workflow processes. The proposed protocol takes advantage of the semantic constructs associated with workflow management to solve some complex problems such as dealing with inherited restrictions and the coarse granularity of workflow specifications.
Passive thermo-optic feedback for robust athermal photonic systems (2023)

Thermal control devices, photonic systems and methods of stabilizing a temperature of a photonic system are provided. A thermal control device thermally coupled to a substrate includes a waveguide for receiving light, an absorption element optically coupled to the waveguide for converting the received light to heat and an optical filter. The optical filter is optically coupled to the waveguide and thermally coupled to the absorption element. An operating point of the optical filter is tuned responsive to the heat from the absorption element. When the operating point is less than a predetermined temperature, the received light is passed to the absorption element via the optical filter. When the operating point is greater than or equal to the predetermined temperature, the received light is transmitted out of the thermal control device via the optical filter, without being passed to the absorption element.
Vaccination with a Hybrid 1 (H1) fusion protein combined with a liposomal adjuvant (CAF01) induced antigen specific T-cells 3 years post vaccination in a human clinical trial. (VAC7P.971) (2014)

Abstract Approximately one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Developing novel vaccines to protect against pulmonary tuberculosis is a public health priority. In this study, a Hybrid 1 (H1) subunit vaccine containing a recombinant fusion protein of Ag85B and ESAT-6 was paired with a two-component CAF01 liposomal adjuvant system developed and manufactured by Statens Serum Institut. A phase I clinical study was performed to evaluate H1:CAF01 in healthy non-BCG vaccinated adult male and female subjects between the ages of 18 and 55 years old. The subjects were randomized into four groups including H1 alone or H1 with 125/25µg, 313/125µg or 625/125µg CAF01 and were vaccinated on study days 0 and 56. PBMCs harvested approximately 150 weeks post vaccination were used to assess antigen specific responses by a 13-color intracellular cytokine staining assay. Vaccination with H1:CAF01 resulted in statistically significant Ag85B-specific CD4 polyfunctional CD154+ T cells compared to H1 alone. ESAT-6 stimulation resulted in detection of CD4 polyfunctional CD154+ T cells responses that were not elevated to a statistically significant extent compared to H1 alone. This is the first demonstration of the persistence of an antigen-specific cellular immune response up to 3 years after vaccination in a clinical trial using H1:CAF01 vaccination.
Sybot (2010)

Information on site-specific spectrum characteristics is essential to evaluate and improve the performance of wireless networks. However, it is usually very costly to obtain accurate spectrum-condition information in heterogeneous wireless environments. This paper presents a novel spectrum-survey system, called Sybot (Spectrum survey robot), that guides network engineers to efficiently monitor the spectrum condition (e.g., RSS) of WiFi networks. Sybot effectively controls mobility and employs three disparate monitoring techniques - complete, selective, and diagnostic - that help produce and maintain an accurate spectrum-condition map for challenging indoor WiFi networks. By adaptively triggering the most suitable of the three techniques, Sybot captures spatio-temporal changes in spectrum condition. Moreover, based on the monitoring results, Sybot automatically determines several key survey parameters, such as site-specific measurement time and space granularities. Sybot has been prototyped with a commodity IEEE 802.11 router and Linux OS, and experimentally evaluated, demonstrating its ability to generate accurate spectrum-condition maps while reducing the measurement effort (space, time) by more than 56%.
Supplemental methods from Amplification of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Widespread Tumor Cell Killing by Sunitinib through Multiple Mechanisms (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Methods for immunohistochemistry, sectioning, and flow cytometry&lt;/p&gt;
Data from A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are lethal, incurable brain tumors frequently driven by clonal mutations in histone genes. They often harbor a range of additional genetic alterations that correlate with different ages, anatomic locations, and tumor subtypes. We developed models representing 16 pHGG subtypes driven by different combinations of alterations targeted to specific brain regions. Tumors developed with varying latencies and cell lines derived from these models engrafted in syngeneic, immunocompetent mice with high penetrance. Targeted drug screening revealed unexpected selective vulnerabilities—H3.3&lt;sup&gt;G34R&lt;/sup&gt;/PDGFRA&lt;sup&gt;C235Y&lt;/sup&gt; to FGFR inhibition, H3.3&lt;sup&gt;K27M&lt;/sup&gt;/PDGFRA&lt;sup&gt;WT&lt;/sup&gt; to PDGFRA inhibition, and H3.3&lt;sup&gt;K27M&lt;/sup&gt;/PDGFRA&lt;sup&gt;WT&lt;/sup&gt; and H3.3&lt;sup&gt;K27M&lt;/sup&gt;/PPM1D&lt;sup&gt;ΔC&lt;/sup&gt;/PIK3CA&lt;sup&gt;E545K&lt;/sup&gt; to combined inhibition of MEK and PIK3CA. Moreover, H3.3&lt;sup&gt;K27M&lt;/sup&gt; tumors with PIK3CA, NF1, and FGFR1 mutations were more invasive and harbored distinct additional phenotypes, such as exophytic spread, cranial nerve invasion, and spinal dissemination. Collectively, these models reveal that different partner alterations produce distinct effects on pHGG cellular composition, latency, invasiveness, and treatment sensitivity.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Histone-mutant pediatric gliomas are a highly heterogeneous tumor entity. Different histone mutations correlate with different ages of onset, survival outcomes, brain regions, and partner alterations. We have developed models of histone-mutant gliomas that reflect this anatomic and genetic heterogeneity and provide evidence of subtype-specific biology and therapeutic targeting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
High level active n+ doping of strained germanium through co-implantation and nanosecond pulsed laser melting (2018)

Obtaining high level active n+ carrier concentrations in germanium (Ge) has been a significant challenge for further development of Ge devices. By ion implanting phosphorus (P) and fluorine (F) into Ge and restoring crystallinity using Nd:YAG nanosecond pulsed laser melting (PLM), we demonstrate 1020 cm−3 n+ carrier concentration in tensile-strained epitaxial germanium-on-silicon. Scanning electron microscopy shows that after laser treatment, samples implanted with P have an ablated surface, whereas P + F co-implanted samples have good crystallinity and a smooth surface topography. We characterize P and F concentration depth profiles using secondary ion mass spectrometry and spreading resistance profiling. The peak carrier concentration, 1020 cm−3 at 80 nm below the surface, coincides with the peak F concentration, illustrating the key role of F in increasing donor activation. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of the co-implanted sample shows that the Ge epilayer region damaged during implantation is a single crystal after PLM. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements both indicate that the as-grown epitaxial layer strain is preserved after PLM. These results demonstrate that co-implantation and PLM can achieve the combination of n+ carrier concentration and strain in Ge epilayers necessary for next-generation, high-performance Ge-on-Si devices.
A reciprocity approach for calculating the far-field radiation patterns of a center-fed helical microstrip antenna mounted on a dielectric-coated circular cylinder (2001)

This paper presents an efficient approach based on reciprocity for calculating the far-field radiation pattern of a center-fed helical microstrip antenna mounted on a circular cylinder. The reciprocity theorem is used to find a completely analytical solution to the problem assuming that the helical microstrip is sufficiently thin with a sinusoidal current distribution. Two degenerate cases of the helical microstrip antenna, i.e., an axially and an azimuthally fed half-wave cylindrical-rectangular patch, are examined and compared to known results in order to provide validation for the general analytical solution. Further comparisons are made between the analytical results and the results obtained using a numerically rigorous method of moments (MoM) computer code.
A New Heterobimetallic Ru,Rh Complex with a Dianionic Pentalene as Bridging Ligand. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Catalytic Activity of [Cp*Ru(μ-η5,η3-C8H6)Rh(η4-COD)] (2001)

The heterobimetallic complex [Cp*Ru(μ-η5,η3-C8H6)Rh(η4-COD)] (2) is synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and structurally. The structure of this compound exhibits the two metal centers bonded in an anti disposition to the pentalenyl ligand. The displacement of the coordinated COD by carbon monoxide is studied. The bimetallic complex shows a high activity and selectivity for the dehydrogenative silylation of styrene.
Protein ADP-ribosylation in rat liver cytosol. (1983)

ADP and poly ADP-ribosylation are post-translational modifications of proteins which have been reported to occur essentially in eucaryotic nuclei. This phenomenon has been shown to interfere with a great variety of biological functions (cell differentiation, DNA repair, malignant transformation...). In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that ADP-ribosylation occurs also in cytosol (120 000 g supernatant) and that several cytosolic proteins can be ADP-ribosylated in rat liver.
A Joint Human-Automation Cognitive System to Support Rapid Decision-Making in Hostile Environments (2006)

Honeywell has designed a joint human-computer cognitive system to support rapid decision making demands of dismounted soldiers. In highly networked environments the sheer magnitude of communication amid multiple tasks could overwhelm individual soldiers. Key cognitive bottlenecks constrain information flow and the performance of decision-making, especially under stress. The adaptive decision-support system mitigates non-optimal human performance via automation when the system detects a breakdown in the human's cognitive state. The human's cognitive state is assessed in real-time via a suite of neuro-physiological and physiological sensors. Adaptive mitigation strategies can include task management, optimizing information presentation via modality management, task sharing, and task loading. Mitigations are designed with consideration for both the costs and benefits of intermittent augmentation. The paper describes the system development and evolution, explorations of usable cognitive mitigation strategies, and four evaluations that show adaptive automaton can effectively, mitigate human decision-making performance at extremes (overload and underload) of workload.
Noise reduction in digital holography based on a filtering algorithm (2018)

Holography is a tool to record the object wavefront by interference. Complex amplitude of the object wave is coded into a two dimensional hologram. Unfortunately, the conjugate wave and background wave would also appear at the object plane during reconstruction, as noise, which blurs the reconstructed object. From the perspective of wave, we propose a filtering algorithm to get a noise-reduced reconstruction. Due to the fact that the hologram is a kind of amplitude grating, three waves would appear when reconstruction, which are object wave, conjugate wave and background wave. The background is easy to eliminate by frequency domain filtering. The object wave and conjugate wave are signals to be dealt with. These two waves, as a whole, propagate in the space. However, when detected at the original object plane, the object wave would diffract into a sparse pattern while the conjugate wave would diffract into a diffused pattern forming the noise. Hence, the noise can be reduced based on these difference with a filtering algorithm. Both amplitude and phase distributions are truthfully retrieved in our simulation and experimental demonstration.
Intra-Document Cascading (2021)

An emerging recipe for achieving state-of-the-art effectiveness in neural document re-ranking involves utilizing large pre-trained language models - e.g., BERT - to evaluate all individual passages in the document and then aggregating the outputs by pooling or additional Transformer layers. A major drawback of this approach is high query latency due to the cost of evaluating every passage in the document with BERT. To make matters worse, this high inference cost and latency varies based on the length of the document, with longer documents requiring more time and computation. To address this challenge, we adopt an intra-document cascading strategy, which prunes passages of a candidate document using a less expensive model, called ESM, before running a scoring model that is more expensive and effective, called ETM. We found it best to train ESM (short for Efficient Student Model) via knowledge distillation from the ETM (short for Effective Teacher Model) e.g., BERT. This pruning allows us to only run the ETM model on a smaller set of passages whose size does not vary by document length. Our experiments on the MS MARCO and TREC Deep Learning Track benchmarks suggest that the proposed Intra-Document Cascaded Ranking Model (IDCM) leads to over 400% lower query latency by providing essentially the same effectiveness as the state-of-the-art BERT-based document ranking models.
Design space for scaling-in general purpose computing within the DDR DRAM hierarchy for map-reduce workloads (2021)

This paper conducts a design space exploration of placing general purpose RISCV cores within the DDR DRAM hierarchy to boost the performance of important data analytics applications in the datacenter. We investigate the hardware (where? how many? how to interface?) and software (how to place data? how to map computations?) choices for placing these cores within the rank, chip, and bank of the DIMM slots to take advantage of the locality vs. parallelism trade-offs. We use the popular MapReduce paradigm, normally used to scale out workloads across servers, to scale in these workloads into the DDR DRAM hierarchy. We evaluate the design space using diverse off-the-shelf Apache Spark Workloads to show the pros-and-cons of different hardware placement and software mapping strategies. Results show that bank-level RISCV cores can provide tremendous speedup (up to 363X) for the offload-able parts of these applications, amounting to 14X speedup overall in some applications. Even in the non-amenable applications, we get at least 31% performance boost for the entire application. To realize this, we incur an area overhead of 4% at the bank level, and increase in temperature of < 4°C over the chip averaged over all applications.