gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the effects of cooling tower complexes on clouds and severe storms. Final report, September 1976-June 1979 (1979)

A two-dimensional, time-dependent model was developed which gives realistic simulations of many severe storm processes - such as heavy rains, hail, and strong winds. The model is a set of partial differential equations describing time changes of momentum, energy, and mass (air and various water substances such as water vapor, cloud liquid, cloud ice, rainwater, and hail). In addition, appropriate boundary And initial conditions (taken from weather sounding data) are imposed on a domain approximately 20 km high by 20 km wide with 200 m grid intervals to complete the model. Modifications were made to the model which allow additional water vapor and heat to be added at several lower grid points, simulating effluents from a power park. Cases were run which depict realistic severe storm situations. One atmospheric sounding has a strong middle-level inversion which tends to inhibit the first convective clouds but gives rise later to a severe storm with hail and heavy rains. One other sounding is taken from a day in which a severe storm occurred in the Miami area. A third sounding depicts atmospheric conditions in which severe storms formed in the vicinity of Huron, South Dakota. The results indicate that a power park emittingmore » 80% latent heat and 20% sensible heat has little effect on the simulated storm. A case with 100% sensible heat emission leads to a much different solution, with the simulated storm reduced in severity and the rain and hail redistributed. A case in which water vapor is accumulated in a region and released over a broad depth results in sightly more rain from a severe storm.« less
Supplementary Figure 4 from A High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen–Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Redirects Lymphocytes to Target Human Melanomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from A High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen–Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Redirects Lymphocytes to Target Human Melanomas
Integral Form of the Radiative Transfer Equation Inside Refractive Cylindrical Media (2001)

We consider the time-independent radiative transfer process inside cylindrical refractive semitransparent media with an internal space-dependent energy source, anisotropic scattering function, and specular reflecting boundary conditions. The integral form of the radiative transfer equation with any spatially continuous refractive index is worked out from its integro-differential form. To this end, the method of characteristics is used to solve the optical problem and, combined with a ray tracing technique, to integrate the radiative transfer equation along the curved light paths
Endothelial Cell GATA2 Modulates the Cardiomyocyte Stress Response through the Regulation of Two Long Non-Coding RNAs (2022)

Capillary endothelial cells modulate myocardial growth and function during pathological stress, but it is unknown how and whether this contributes to the development of heart failure. We found that the endothelial cell transcription factor GATA2 is downregulated in human failing myocardium. Endothelial GATA2 knock-out (G2-EC-KO) mice develop heart failure and defective myocardial signal transduction during pressure overload, indicating that the GATA2 downregulation is maladaptive. Heart failure and perturbed signaling in G2-EC-KO mice could be induced by strong upregulation of two unknown, endothelial cell-derived long non-coding (lnc) RNAs (AK037972, AK038629, termed here GADLOR1 and 2). Mechanistically, the GADLOR1/2 lncRNAs transfer from endothelial cells to cardiomyocytes, where they block stress-induced signalling. Thereby, lncRNAs can contribute to disease as paracrine effectors of signal transduction and therefore might serve as therapeutic targets in the future.
Time-resolved UV fluorescence spectroscopy of aorta using 320-nm excitation (1990)

Fluorescence decay of aorta and its fluorophores has been studied at 380, 440, and 480 nm using 320 nm picosecond dye laser excitation and time-correlated single photon counting technique. Fluorescence decay was found to be nonexponential at all emission frequencies. Fluorescence decay at 380 nm shows biggest differences between normal and plaque tissues.
Effect of Combined Androgen Blockade with an LHRH Agonist and Flutamide in One Severe Case of Male Exhibitionism (1990)

A severe exhibitionist has been treated with the combination of an LHRH agonist and the antiandrogen flutamide in order to maximize androgen blocking and to control his severe deviant behaviour. The results obtained show that the androgen blockade ended his exhibitionistic behaviour and markedly decreased his sexual fantasies and activities, especially masturbation, without significant side effects.
Targeting of Aberrant αvβ6 Integrin Expression in Solid Tumors Using Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T Cells (2017)

Expression of the αvβ6 integrin is upregulated in several solid tumors. In contrast, physiologic expression of this epithelial-specific integrin is restricted to development and epithelial re-modeling. Here, we describe, for the first time, the development of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that couples the recognition of this integrin to the delivery of potent therapeutic activity in a diverse repertoire of solid tumor models. Highly selective targeting αvβ6 was achieved using a foot and mouth disease virus-derived A20 peptide, coupled to a fused CD28+CD3 endodomain. To achieve selective expansion of CAR T cells ex vivo, an IL-4-responsive fusion gene (4αβ) was co-expressed, which delivers a selective mitogenic signal to engineered T cells only. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in mice with established ovarian, breast, and pancreatic tumor xenografts, all of which express αvβ6 at intermediate to high levels. SCID beige mice were used for these studies because they are susceptible to cytokine release syndrome, unlike more immune-compromised strains. Nonetheless, although the CAR also engages mouse αvβ6, mild and reversible toxicity was only observed when supra-therapeutic doses of CAR T cells were administered parenterally. These data support the clinical evaluation of αvβ6 re-targeted CAR T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors that express this integrin.
Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization ofε-Caprolactone from a Patterned Poly(hydroxymethyl-p-xylylene) (2001)

A new strategy toward patterned polymer brushes combining the spatially controlled deposition of poly[(hydroxymethyl-p-xylylene)-co-(p-xylylene)] (1) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization of 4-(hydroxymethyl)[2.2]paracyclophane and surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization was developed. Patterns of polymer brushes with thicknesses between 53 and 538 Å were created. The approach does not require photolithographic tools and has potential applicability to a wide range of different substrates, such as glasses, polymers, metals or composites.
Tyrosine phosphatases in vessel wall signaling (2004)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical regulators of cellular processes like migration, proliferation and differentiation that are involved in physiological and pathological vessel wall function. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry of this enzyme family, discuss the present knowledge concerning the identity and involvement of PTPs in vascular cells and in pathways of relevance to cardiovascular diseases. We also briefly introduce ongoing efforts to develop inhibitors of PTPs, and finally point to some opportunities for use of such agents in novel treatment strategies.
Monitoring cations to predict and improve activated sludge settling and dewatering properties of industrial wastewaters (1998)

Laboratory and field tests were conducted on activated sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant in order to monitor the settling and dewatering properties and to assess the impact cations may have on these properties. The influent to the wastewater treatment plant contained a high concentration of sodium ions and a low concentration of divalent cations. The sludge exhibited poor settling and dewatering properties. Initial laboratory results indicated an improvement in settling and dewatering properties through the addition of calcium and magnesium. After addition of magnesium during field trials, floc density and settling properties improved considerably. In addition, residual ammonium ions in the mixed liquor appeared to interact with the activated sludge flocs to influence their dewatering properties. It was observed that an increase in ammonium ion in the soluble sludge fraction was related to deterioration in the dewatering properties. During these trials, the ammonium ions demonstrated a greater influence on dewatering properties than did the magnesium ions. The tests conducted at the treatment plant revealed that complex interactions between cations and sludge influenced the settling and dewatering properties in a manner that depended on ratios and concentrations of monovalent and divalent cations in the activated sludge feed and solution.
Carbon-13 NMR study of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s. Sites of amine incorporation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 NMR study of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s. Sites of amine incorporationD. M. White and S. A. NyeCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 5, 1318–1329Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00207a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00207a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fluorescein Angiography Scoring System Using Ultra-Wide–Field Fluorescein Angiography Versus Standard Fluorescein Angiography in Patients with Sarcoid Uveitis (2020)

<b>Purpose</b>: To compare standard fluorescein angiography (FA) and ultra-wide-field (UWF) FA in evaluating sarcoid uveitis activity using the scoring system adopted by the Angiography Scoring for Uveitis Working Group (ASUWG).<b>Methods</b>: Standard and UWF FA images of 36 eyes with sarcoid uveitis were acquired on the same day. Three graders independently graded 72 FA images using the ASUWG scoring system. We evaluated inter-observer variability using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared scores of each angiographic sign.<b>Results</b>: The ICC was 0.77 for standard FA and 0.87 for UWF FA, with respective total scores of 12.0 and 14.6. UWF FA had higher scores than standard FA for optic disc hyperfluorescence, posterior retinal vascular staining and/or leakage, and peripheral capillary leakage.<b>Conclusions</b>: The scores for UWF FA had a higher ICC than those for standard FA in evaluating sarcoid uveitis. Peripheral capillary leakage scores were particularly high for UWF FA.
Phenotypic switching of Cryptococcus neoformans occurs in vivo and influences the outcome of infection (2001)

Phenotypic switching has been linked to the virulence of many pathogens, including fungi. However, it has not been conclusively shown to occur in vivo or to influence the outcome of infection. Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes phenotypic switching in vitro to colony types that differ in their virulence in mice. In this study, we asked whether C. neoformans undergoes phenotypic switching in vivo and whether this phenomenon contributes to virulence. By using a small inoculum to preclude the introduction of variants that had already switched during in vitro propagation, we demonstrated that in vivo switching to a mucoid phenotype occurred in two mice strains and was associated with a lethal outcome. Phenotypic switching resulted in changes of the capsular polysaccharide that inhibited phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. This promoted a more vigorous inflammatory response and rapid demise. These data document in vivo switching in a fungus and associate this phenomenon with enhanced virulence and a lethal outcome. The importance of this finding is underscored by the increased likelihood of phenotypic switching in chronic cryptococcosis; thus this mechanism may account for the inability to eradicate the organism in immunocompromised hosts.
A Feature-Based Bayesian Method for Content Popularity Prediction in Edge-Caching Networks (2019)

Edge-caching is recognized as an efficient technique for future wireless cellular networks to improve network capacity and user-perceived quality of experience. Due to the random content requests and the limited cache memory, designing an efficient caching policy is a challenge. To enhance the performance of caching systems, an accurate content request prediction algorithm is essential. Here, we introduce a flexible model, a Poisson regressor based on a Gaussian process, for the content request distribution in stationary environments. Our proposed model can incorporate the content features as side information for prediction enhancement. In order to learn the model parameters, which yield the Poisson rates or alternatively content popularities, we invoke the Bayesian approach which is very robust against over-fitting. However, the posterior distribution in the Bayes formula is analytically intractable to compute. To tackle this issue, we apply a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method to approximate the posterior distribution. Two types of predictive distributions are formulated for the requests of existing contents and for the requests of a newly-added content. Finally, simulation results are provided to confirm the accuracy of the developed content popularity learning approach.
Invasion of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans via the Receptor for Platelet-Activating Factor (2000)

ABSTRACT Strains of the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are variable with respect to display of phosphorylcholine (PC)-bearing antigens. We have examined strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans with and without PC to assess their ability to invade endothelial cells via the receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAF). Results of antibiotic protection assays indicate that PC-bearing A. actinomycetemcomitans invade human vascular endothelial cells by a mechanism inhibitable by CV3988, a PAF receptor antagonist, and by PAF itself. The invasive phenotype was verified by transmission electron microscopy. A PC-deficient strain of this organism was not invasive. This property, in addition to the established ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans to invade epithelial cells, may provide this organism with access to the systemic circulation. The ability of PC-bearing oral bacteria to access the circulation may also explain the elevated levels of anti-PC antibody in serum found in patients with periodontitis.
Mechanistic Insights to the Cytotoxicity of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids (2015)

With over 500 individual compounds, the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids represent a large and structurally diverse group of phytochemicals. Coupled to this structural diversity is the significant array of biological properties manifested by many of its members, of which their relevance in motor neuron disease and cancer chemotherapy has attracted considerable attention. To this extent, galanthamine has evolved into a successful commercial drug for Alzheimer's disease since its approval by the FDA in 2001. Concurrently, there have been several positive indicators for the emergence of an anticancer drug from the Amaryllidaceae due to the potency of several of its representatives as cell line specific antiproliferative agents. In this regard, the phenanthridones such as pancratistatin and narciclasine have offered most promise since their advancement into clinical trials, following which there has been renewed interest in the cytotoxic properties of these alkaloids. Given this background, this review seeks to highlight the various mechanisms which have been invoked to corroborate the cytotoxic effects of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids.
Arginine Residues Are More Effective than Lysine Residues in Eliciting the Cellular Uptake of Onconase (2011)

Onconase is an amphibian member of the pancreatic ribonuclease family of enzymes that is in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Onconase, which has an abundance of lysine residues, is internalized by cancer cells through endocytosis in a mechanism similar to that of cell-penetrating peptides. Here, we compare the effect of lysine versus arginine residues on the biochemical attributes necessary for Onconase to elicit its cytotoxic activity. In the variant R-Onconase, 10 of the 12 lysine residues in Onconase are replaced with arginine, leaving only the two active-site lysines intact. Cytometric assays quantifying internalization showed a 3-fold increase in the internalization of R-Onconase compared with Onconase. R-Onconase also showed greater affinity for heparin and a 2-fold increase in ribonucleolytic activity. Nonetheless, arginine substitution endowed only a slight increase in toxicity toward human cancer cells. Analysis of denaturation induced with guanidine-HCl showed that R-Onconase has less conformational stability than does the wild-type enzyme; moreover, R-Onconase is more susceptible to proteolytic degradation. These data indicate that arginine residues are more effective than lysine in eliciting cellular internalization but can compromise other aspects of protein structure and function.
Inverse designed nanophotonics in thin-film lithium niobate (2023)

We develop a 3D gradient-based inverse design model specially tailored for the LNOI platform, and experimentally demonstrate a spatial-mode multiplexer, a waveguide crossing and a compact waveguide bend with low loss and crosstalk.
THE “GOOD DOCTOR” PERFORMANCE OF RADIOLOGICAL ANNOTATION: MEASURING PELVIC TILT AS AN EXAMPLE (2023)

Human error is usually evaluated using statistical descriptions during radiographic annotation. The technological advances popularized the “non-human” landmarking techniques, such as deep learning, in which the error is presented in a confidence format that is not comparable to that of the human method. The region-based landmark definition makes an arbitrary “ground truth” point impossible. The differences in patients’ anatomies, radiograph qualities, and scales make the horizontal comparison difficult. There is a demand to quantify the manual landmarking error in a probability format. Taking the measurement of pelvic tilt (PT) as an example, this study recruited 115 sagittal pelvic radiographs for the measurement of two PTs. We proposed a method to unify the scale of images that allows horizontal comparisons of landmarks and calculated the maximum possible error using a density vector. Traditional descriptive statistics were also applied. All measurements showed excellent reliabilities (intraclass correlation coefficients &gt; 0.9). Eighty-four measurements (6.09%) were qualified as wrong landmarks that failed to label the correct locations. Directional bias (systematic error) was identified due to cognitive differences between observers. By removing wrong labels and rotated pelves, the analysis quantified the error density as a “good doctor” performance and found 6.77°-11.76° maximum PT disagreement with 95% data points. The landmarks with excellent reliability still have a chance (at least 6.09% in our case) of making wrong landmark decisions. Identifying skeletal contours is at least 24.64% more accurate than estimating landmark locations. The landmark at a clear skeletal contour is more likely to generate systematic errors. Due to landmark ambiguity, a very careful surgeon measuring PT could make a maximum 11.76° random difference in 95% of cases, serving as a “good doctor benchmark” to qualify good landmarking techniques.
Prelaunch Estimation of Radiometric Resolution and Stability of SMOS Zero-Baseline Radiometer in Anechoic Chamber (2009)

The purpose of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is to measure soil moisture and sea surface salinity (SSS). The measurement of SSS using microwave radiometry requires a very sensitive instrument. In SMOS, the image is formed using the interferometric technique complemented by the average brightness temperature, or zero baseline, to set the absolute level of the image. Therefore, the measurement of the zero baseline is very critical for the success of the mission. In this paper, the radiometric resolution and stability of the radiometers dedicated to the measurement of zero baseline on SMOS are estimated. The results of a measurement campaign carried out in an anechoic electromagnetic compatibility chamber are used. The results show that the zero-baseline radiometers have the potential for relative accuracy better than 20 mK, depending on the integration scenario, satisfying the mission requirement for SSS retrieval.
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Attenuates In-Stent Restenosis by Inhibiting Inflammation and Progenitor Cells (2006)

The precise mechanism by which angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker reduces in-stent restenosis in clinical trials is unclear. We, therefore, investigated the mechanism of in-stent neointima formation. Male cynomolgus monkeys and rabbits were fed a high-cholesterol diet and were allocated to untreated control and type 1 receptor blocker groups. Five days after grouping, multilink stents were implanted in the iliac artery. The type 1 receptor blocker reduced the development of in-stent neointima formation by approximately 30% in rabbits and monkeys. To investigate potential mechanisms, we examined the expression of renin-angiotensin system markers, all of which increased in monocytes and smooth muscle-like cells in the neointima and media within 7 days. The type 1 receptor blocker attenuated increased oxidative stress, the enhanced expression of markers of the rennin-angiotensin system and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage infiltration. The effects of type 1 receptor blocker on the differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into vascular progenitor cells were also examined. Treatment with type 1 receptor blocker suppressed the enhanced differentiation to smooth muscle progenitor cells induced by stenting. The type 1 receptor blocker attenuated in-stent neointima formation by inhibiting redox-sensitive inflammatory changes and by reducing recruitment of the progenitor cells. These potential actions of type 1 receptor blocker on inflammation and progenitor cells constitute a novel mechanism of suppression of in-stent restenosis by type 1 receptor blocker.
Radical and Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclizations to Cyclobutenes:  An Entry to the BCD Ring System of Penitrem D (2004)

A novel approach toward the synthesis of the BCD ring system of penitrem D is described. The strategy capitalizes on the fast cyclization rates of aryl radicals into cyclobutenes and allows access to a variety of fused tricyclic structures. Radical/polar crossover reactions of precursors 24-29 promoted by samarium diiodide in the presence of HMPA and acetone allow access to the fully functionalized BCD ring system of penitrem D. The stereochemical implications of these processes are evaluated, and a Pd-mediated cyclization approach toward the penitrems is also introduced.