gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hearing loss in Korean adolescents: The prevalence thereof and its association with leisure noise exposure (2019)

The increasing use of personal listening devices (PLDs) has been accompanied by a rise in the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in younger age groups. However, there have been few reports on the relationship between HL and leisure noise exposure (LNE) in adolescents. The purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of HL in students attending general middle and high schools and to identify factors affecting HL prevalence. A total of 2,879 nationally representative adolescents in the first years of middle and high school underwent audiometric testing and otological examinations, and completed questionnaires, from June to December 2016. A speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) was considered present when the pure tone averages (PTAs) at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz were ≥ 15 dB and a high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) was considered present when the PTAs at 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz were ≥ 15 dB. About 17% of Korean adolescents exhibited at least slight HL. The prevalence rates of SFHL and HFHL in the poorer ear were 11.6% and 10.3%, respectively, among Korean adolescents. The use of local area network (LAN) gaming centers and an experience of being asked by others to lower earphone volume were associated with both SFHL and HFHL. It is important to avoid excessive LNE to prevent adolescent HL. Additionally, SFHL or HFHL in the poorer ear was associated with lower academic performance.
Novel high efficiency microcolumnar LuI<inf>3</inf>:Ce for hard X-ray imaging (2013)

We report on the development of microcolumnar films of an extremely fast and bright cerium-doped lutetium iodide (LuI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce) scintillator that can resolve the 153 ns bunch structure of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Due to the fast, afterglow-free decay, and high efficiency of LuI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce, during the experiments performed at the 1-ID hard X-ray beamline at the APS, single 65 keV X-ray photons could be resolved with high signal-to-noise ratio and with temporal resolution better than 20 ns, revealing the 153 ns bunch structure of the APS. LuI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce has high density (~5.6 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), high effective atomic number (59.7), bright green emission (540 nm range, well matched to commercial optics and CCD sensors), light yield exceeding 115,000 ph/MeV, and rapid, afterglow-free decay (~28 ns). We have developed the scintillator using a vacuum deposition technique that is suitable for manufacturing large area scintillators in a microcolumnar form which provides high absorption efficiency and allows high temporal and spatial resolution imaging. Details of the scintillator fabrication and characterization, and imaging experiments performed at the Sector 1-ID hard X-ray beamline at the APS will be presented in the paper.
Acidic fibroblast growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor stimulate fetal rat pulmonary epithelial growth (1996)

We have shown that pulmonary epithelial growth and differentiation can occur if pulmonary mesenchyme is replaced with a mixture of growth factors [total growth medium (TGM)] that consists of adult rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), cholera toxin (CT), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), and fetal bovine serum. In the present study, we have defined the importance of specific components of TGM. Day 14 fetal rat distal lung epithelium, devoid of mesenchyme, was enrobed in growth factor-depleted Matrigel and cultured for 5 days in various soluble factors. We found that deleting aFGF or CT from TGM significantly reduced DNA synthesis. Epithelial proliferation was not significantly different when keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) replaced aFGF in TGM. KGF, however, required the presence of a basal medium containing CT, insulin, and serum for optimal proliferation. We then added specific growth factors to the basal medium and showed that aFGF and KGF were more potent mitogens than EGF, transforming growth factor-alpha, and hepatocyte growth factor. Additionally, basal medium + KGF also allowed progression to a distal alveolar phenotype. We conclude that aFGF and KGF may be important mediators in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
Built-in self-test technique for selective detection of neighbourhood pattern sensitive faults in memories (2004)

Traditional tests for memories are based on conventional fault models, involving the address decoder, individual memory cells and a limited coupling between them. The algorithms used in these tests have been successively augmented to consider stronger coupling conditions. Built-in self-test (BIST) solutions for testing memories today incorporate hardware for test pattern generation and application for a variety of these algorithms. This paper presents a BIST implementation for detection of neighbourhood pattern sensitive faults (NPSFs) in random access memories (RAMs). These faults are of different classes and types. More specifically, active, passive and static faults for distance 1 and 2 neighbourhoods, of types 1 and 2, are considered. It is shown how the proposed address generation and test pattern generation schemes can be made scaleable for the given fault type under consideration.
Junctional adhesion molecule‐A is down‐regulated in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and reduces cancer cell aggressiveness by modulating p53 and GSK3 α/β pathways (2019)

Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane protein that contributes to different biological process, including the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Through an EMT profiler array, we explored the molecular players associated with human thyroid cancer progression and identified JAM-A as one of the genes mostly deregulated. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that downregulation of JAM-A occurred in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) compared with normal thyroid (NT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and correlated with extrathyroid infiltration, tumor size, and ATC histotype. In ATC cell lines, JAM-A restoration suppressed malignant hallmarks of transformation including cell proliferation, motility, and transendothelial migration. Accordingly, knockdown of JAM-A enhanced thyroid cancer cell proliferation and motility in PTC cells. Through the proteome profiler human phospho-kinase array, we demonstrated that higher expression of JAM-A was associated with a significant increased level of phosphorylation of p53 and GSK3 α/β proteins. In conclusion, our findings highlight a novel role of JAM-A in thyroid cancer progression and suggest that JAM-A restoration could have potential clinical relevance in thyroid cancer treatment.
Female Germ Cell Development, Functioning and Associated Adversities under Unfavorable Circumstances (2021)

In the present era, infertility is one of the major issues which restricts many couples to have their own children. Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for the period of one year or more. Various factors including defective male or female germ cell development, unhealthy and improper lifestyles, diseases like cancer and associated chemo-or-radiation therapies, congenital disorders, etc., may be responsible for infertility. Therefore, it is highly important to understand the basic concepts of germ cell development including primordial germ cell (PGC) formation, specification, migration, entry to genital ridges and their molecular mechanisms, activated pathways, paracrine and autocrine signaling, along with possible alteration which can hamper germ cell development and can cause adversities like cancer progression and infertility. Knowing all these aspects in a proper way can be very much helpful in improving our understanding about gametogenesis and finding possible ways to cure related disorders. Here in this review, various aspects of gametogenesis especially female gametes and relevant factors causing functional impairment have been thoroughly discussed.
Highly diastereoselective inter-esterification reactions involving a racemic acetate and a racemic carboxylic acid catalysed by lipase enzymes (1991)

Reaction of the acetate (±)-8 with the acid (±)-2 using Candida cylindracea lipase or Lipase AY as catalyst gave mainly the (R,R)-diastereoisomer 4(91 ± 0.5%) with minimal amounts of the other diastereoisomers 3, 5 and 6(<5.5%).
Light ion sources and target results on PBFA II (1990)

Advances in ion beam theory, diagnostics, and experiments in the past two years have enabled efficient generation of intense proton beams on PBFA II, and focusing of the beam power to 5.4 TW/cm 2 on a 6-mm-diameter target. Target experiments have been started with the intense proton beams, since the range of protons at 4-5 MeV is equivalent to that of lithium at 30 MeV. Three series of experiments have been conducted using planar, conical, and cylindrical targets. These tests have provided information on ion beam power density, uniformity, and energy deposition. In order to increase the power density substantially for target implosion experiments, we are now concentrating on development of high voltage lithium ion beams.
SIMILAR EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORINE AND VERAPAMIL ON LYMPHOKINE, INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR, AND PROTO-ONCOGENE EXPRESSION (1989)

Since calcium channel blocking agents and CsA exert an antiproliferative effect upon T cell mitogenesis, we have compared and characterized their immunosuppressive properties at the level of gene activation. Verapamil (greater than or equal to 30 microM), which blocks T cell mitogenesis and a rise in cytosolic calcium, was added to cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (5 micrograms/ml) and phorbol myristate acetate (5 ng/ml). Northern blot analysis was performed using cDNA probes for the p55 interleukin 2 receptor (Tac; IL-2R), interleukin 2 and c-myc at 20 hr of culture. Accumulation of IL-2 encoding mRNA within the cytoplasm was completely abrogated by verapamil. However, IL-2R and c-myc encoding mRNA were clearly detectable in verapamil-treated cell cultures. Surface expression of the Tac protein in mitogen-activated T cells was also not blocked by verapamil as shown by FACS analysis. In companion experiments with CsA, verapamil only partially inhibits the intracellular processes leading to T cell activation. A calcium-independent pathway may exist for the expression of IL-2R and c-myc, while an increase of intracellular Ca2+ may provide the additional signal for IL-2 gene expression. Although the in vitro concentrations of verapamil used in these experiments are in excess of common clinically therapeutic levels, the results help clarify the mode of CsA action and may provide a new tool to dissect the early events of T cell activation.
Vanadia-titania based catalysts for ammonia removal (2014)

Trabajo presentado en el 8th Symposium on Group Five Compounds, celebrado en Málaga del 24 al 27 de junio de 2014.
Low-Cost MoM-Solution of Blood Tube Scattering (2019)

This paper presents an efficient low-computation numerical solution of the problem of two-dimensional mm-wave scattering of EM waves by test tubes in lossy blood. This is achieved through an efficient use of the moment method along with approximate impedance boundary conditions. Both exact and approximate solutions are consistent with the results obtained using full-wave EM solvers, but with only a fraction of the computation cost.
Role of small biotechnology companies in the fledgling biodefense vaccine industry (2016)

Since Edward Jenner introduced immunization with cowpox in the late eighteenth century for smallpox prevention, vaccines have saved countless lives and trillions of dollars in public health and rel...
P‐47: New Signal Processing Method to Improve Image Quality of RGBW Display (2014)

Abstract In this paper, the analysis and cause of image quality deterioration of an RGBW display is described. We have found that some distortions are caused by the combination of luminance distribution in a pixel scale and the human visual system. A newly‐developed RGBW calculation is proposed to solve this problem.
A new X-band 180° high performance phase shifter using (Ba, Sr)TiO/sub 3/ thin films (2003)

In this paper, a new device topology has been proposed to implement parallel plate capacitors using BaSrTiO/sub 3/ (BST) thin films for microwave applications. The new device design simplifies the monolithic process and overcomes the problems associated with electrode patterning. An X-band 180/spl deg/ phase shifter has been implemented using new device layout. The circuit provided 240/spl deg/-phase shift with an insertion loss of only 3 dB at 10 GHz and room temperature. We have shown a figure of merit 93/spl deg//dB at 6.3 GHz and 87/spl deg//dB at 8.5 GHz. To our knowledge, these are the state of the art results for distributed phase shifters implemented using parallel plate or interdigital capacitors at room temperature.
An overview of generic battery models (2011)

Battery performance prediction is crucial in many applications. A good prediction mechanism of the battery performance has many advantages. For example, it increases the battery lifetime by preventing over (dis)charging the battery, it allows utilizing the entire capacity of the battery, and it offers an access to the user to know the amount of energy in the battery pack. In this paper, some battery models are derived and tested on a commercial Lithium battery cell. The results show the capabilities of these models under different tests.
On leader selection for performance and controllability in multi-agent systems (2012)

In a leader-follower multi-agent system (MAS), a set of leader agents act as external control inputs and are used to influence the dynamics of the remaining follower agents. Current approaches to selecting leaders are based on either achieving controllability of the follower agents or optimizing performance criteria such as robustness to noise, but not both. In this paper, we present a framework for selecting leaders based on joint consideration of controllability and performance. We first show that for the case where the number of nodes that can act as leaders is sufficient to guarantee controllability, the leader selection problem can be posed within a matroid optimization framework. For the case where the number of nodes that can serve as leaders is fixed and may not be sufficient for controllability, we introduce a new metric, the graph controllability index (GCI), defined as the fraction of network nodes that are controllable using the leader set. We prove that the GCI is a submodular function of the set of leader agents, leading to a submodular relaxation to the problem of achieving controllability. Our results are demonstrated using simulation study and compared to other leader selection algorithms, including random, average degree and descending order of degree based leader selection.
Catalytic Enantioselective Oxidative Homocoupling of 2‐Acyl Imidazoles (2021)

Abstract A diastereoselective and enantioselective construction of 2,3‐disubstituted 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds is reported. Nishiyama's RuPhebox complex (2.0 mol% catalyst loading) serves as a chiral Lewis acid catalyst in conjunction with BrCCl 3 and a base for the oxidative homocoupling of 2‐acyl imidazoles via the stereocontrolled reaction of intermediate Ru enolates with in situ brominated 2‐acyl imidazoles. Cleavage of the achiral imidazole auxiliary provides optically active 2,3‐disubstituted succinic acids which are useful intermediates in the synthesis of chiral compounds like the natural product class of lignans. magnified image
Resistivity of copper interconnects at 28 nm pitch and copper cross-sectional area below 100 nm2 (2017)

The resistivity of damascene Cu is measured at cross-sectional area as low as 95 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The impact of aspect ratio and line edge roughness on resistivity is investigated. Kelvin resistance test structures are demonstrated with 28 nm pitch wires patterned by directed self-assembly of lamellar block copolymers. The effective resistivity of TaN/Ta/Cu wires is compared with alternative metals.
Electron microscopic description of glycocalyx and fimbriae on the surface of Pasteurella haemolytica-A1. (1987)

Several electron microscopic techniques were used to examine the surface of cells of Pasteurella haemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1) grown in vitro. All methods showed the presence of a very extensive glycocalyx on logarithmic phase (6 h) cells grown in liquid media. The anionic glycocalyx of these cells stained well with ruthenium red, but collapsed during dehydration for electron microscopy unless stabilized with specific antibodies. When the same techniques were used to examine cells in the stationary phase (18 h) the glycocalyx was much reduced. Large numbers of fimbriae were seen on both 6 h and 18 h cells grown in fluid media without shaking. In summary, logarithmic phase cells of P. haemolytica have both fimbriae and extensive anionic glycocalyx at their surface and we suggest that either or both of these structures may be important in the colonization of the bovine respiratory tract and the subsequent pathogenesis of Pasteurella pneumonia.
FCN-Pose: A Pruned and Quantized CNN for Robot Pose Estimation for Constrained Devices (2022)

IoT devices suffer from resource limitations, such as processor, RAM, and disc storage. These limitations become more evident when handling demanding applications, such as deep learning, well-known for their heavy computational requirements. A case in point is robot pose estimation, an application that predicts the critical points of the desired image object. One way to mitigate processing and storage problems is compressing that deep learning application. This paper proposes a new CNN for the pose estimation while applying the compression techniques of pruning and quantization to reduce his demands and improve the response time. While the pruning process reduces the total number of parameters required for inference, quantization decreases the precision of the floating-point. We run the approach using a pose estimation task for a robotic arm and compare the results in a high-end device and a constrained device. As metrics, we consider the number of Floating-point Operations Per Second(FLOPS), the total of mathematical computations, the calculation of parameters, the inference time, and the number of video frames processed per second. In addition, we undertake a qualitative evaluation where we compare the output image predicted for each pruned network with the corresponding original one. We reduce the originally proposed network to a 70% pruning rate, implying an 88.86% reduction in parameters, 94.45% reduction in FLOPS, and for the disc storage, we reduced the requirement in 70% while increasing error by a mere $1\%$. With regard input image processing, this metric increases from 11.71 FPS to 41.9 FPS for the Desktop case. When using the constrained device, image processing augmented from 2.86 FPS to 10.04 FPS. The higher processing rate of image frames achieved by the proposed approach allows a much shorter response time.
The measurement of large optical frequency differences and the design of a new type of frequency chain (2003)

We have used optical frequency interval dividers, optical frequency comb generators and mode-locked lasers to measure large optical frequency differences of up to 45.2 THz between laser frequencies. We have shown that the modes of a mode-locked laser are distributed uniformly in frequency space within the experimental limit of 3.0 parts in 10/sup 17/ and that the mode separation equals the pulse repetition rate within the experimental limit of 6.0 parts in 10/sup 16/. We applied these techniques to determine the absolute frequencies of the cesium D/sub 1/ line at 335 THz (895 nm), the hydrogen 1S-2S transition at 2466 THz (121 nm) and the frequency of a methane stabilized He-Ne laser at 88.4 THz (3.39 /spl mu/m) as well as the isotope shift of the 1S-2S frequency.
Brownian motion and cluster formation of non-magnetic particles in a magnetic fluid (2003)

Brownian motion and cluster formation of non-magnetic particles in a magnetic fluid were investigated using an optical micro-scope system. Real-time visualization of cluster formation of non-magnetic particles were carried out by using micro-scope and high speed camera. The analysis of digital images with Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) was applied to investigate the motion of non-magnetic particles. The mean velocity and mean cluster length of non-magnetic particles in cluster formation were analyzed.
Frequent pattern mining with uncertain data (2009)

This paper studies the problem of frequent pattern mining with uncertain data. We will show how broad classes of algorithms can be extended to the uncertain data setting. In particular, we will study candidate generate-and-test algorithms, hyper-structure algorithms and pattern growth based algorithms. One of our insightful observations is that the experimental behavior of different classes of algorithms is very different in the uncertain case as compared to the deterministic case. In particular, the hyper-structure and the candidate generate-and-test algorithms perform much better than tree-based algorithms. This counter-intuitive behavior is an important observation from the perspective of algorithm design of the uncertain variation of the problem. We will test the approach on a number of real and synthetic data sets, and show the effectiveness of two of our approaches over competitive techniques.
Traffic density state estimation based on acoustic fusion (2013)

In this paper, we propose an acoustic fusion based approach to classify the traffic density states. In particular, we combine the information from mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) based classifier, which models the cumulative road side signal and honk event based classifier. Honk based classifier is obtained by modeling the honk statistics for each traffic class, viz., Jam, Medium and Free. We study in detail the discriminative capabilities of honk information based classifier. Decisions from MFCC and honk classifier are then combined in probabilistic framework with an appropriate fusion strategy. We also propose to use prior honk information in-order to further improve the classification results. Classification results show good performance even with 10s of audio data.