gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of the 1,3‐Dithiole Unit in a Post‐TTF Era (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Host Cell Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation Markers for the Detection of High-grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Cancer (2018)

DNA methylation is associated with anal carcinogenesis. A marker panel that includes ZNF582 identifies anal cancer and HGAIN with a cancer-like methylation pattern, warrantingvalidation studies to verify its potential for screening and management of HIV+ MSM at risk for anal cancer.
Domain mapping of the photoaffinity drug-binding sites in P-glycoprotein encoded by mouse mdr1b. (1991)

P-glycoprotein is an energy-dependent drug efflux pump with broad specificity for hydrophobic antitumor agents such as vinblastine, doxorubicin, and taxol. We have previously shown that [3H]azidopine and [125I] iodoaryl azidoprazosin, which are photoaffinity probes for the alpha 1-subunit of the L-type calcium channel and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor, respectively, specifically interact with P-glycoprotein, partially reverse multidrug resistance, and bind to a 6-kDa common domain in the 140-kDa P-glycoprotein molecule (Greenberger, L., Yang, C.-P. H., Gindin, E., and Horwitz, S. B. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4394-4401). An immunological approach was used to identify the position of photoaffinity drug-binding domains in P-glycoprotein. Analysis was done with a series of site-specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies to peptides that mimic domains in the mouse mdr1b gene product. The antibodies were made against amino acid residues 269-284, 356-373, 665-682, 740-750, 907-924, and 1203-1222. Upon trypsin digestion, cleavage products of 95 and 55 kDa were obtained, which after further digestion migrated at 60 and 40 kDa, respectively. The 40-kDa fragment was recognized by the antibodies to residues 1203-1222 and 919-1276, while the 55-kDa fragment was recognized by these antibodies plus antibodies to residues 740-750 and 907-924. In contrast, the 95- and 60-kDa trypsin fragments were recognized only by the antibody to residues 269-284. The 55- and 40-kDa fragments, as well as the 95- and 60-kDa fragments, were major photolabeled species after digestion of P-glycoprotein. The previously identified 6-kDa photo-labeled P-glycoprotein fragment was within the 40-kDa trypsin fragment. These data suggest that there are two photoaffinity drug-binding domains in P-glycoprotein encoded by mouse mdr1b. The C-terminal site most likely resides within or in close proximity to putative transmembrane domains 11-12.
Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis Reduces Neutrophil Infiltration and Necrosis in Partial-Thickness Scald Burns in Mice (2013)

Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), present in thermally injured tissue, modulates the inflammatory response and causes significant tissue damage. The authors hypothesize that neutrophil infiltration and ensuing tissue necrosis would be mitigated by removing ATP-dependent signaling at the burn site. Mice were subjected to 30% TBSA partial-thickness scald burn by dorsal skin immersion in a water bath at 60 or 20°C (nonburn controls). In the treatment arm, an ATP hydrolyzing enzyme, apyrase, was applied directly to the site immediately after injury. Skin was harvested after 24 hours and 5 days for hematoxylin and eosin stain, elastase, and Ki-67 staining. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-β expression were measured through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. At 24 hours, the amount of neutrophil infiltration was different between the burn and burn + apyrase groups (P < .001). Necrosis was less extensive in the apyrase group when compared with the burn group at 24 hours and 5 days. TNF-α and IFN-β expression at 24 hours in the apyrase group was lower than in the burn group (P < .05). However, Ki-67 signaling was not significantly different among the groups. The results of this study support the role of extracellular ATP in neutrophil activity. The authors demonstrate that ATP hydrolysis at the burn site allays the neutrophil response to thermal injury and reduces tissue necrosis. This decrease in inflammation and tissue necrosis is at least partially because of TNF-α and IFN-β signaling. Apyrase could be used as topical inflammatory regulators to quell the injury caused by inflammation.
Introducing the Differentiated All-Pole and One-Zero Gammatone Filter Responses and their Analog VLSI Log-domain Implementation (2006)

The scope of this paper is to introduce two particular filter responses which closely resemble tuning curves at specific set of places on the basilar membrane (BM) of the biological cochlea. The responses are termed Differentiated All-Pole Gammatone Filter (DAPGF) and One-Zero Gammatone Filter (OZGF) and their form suggest their implementation by means of cascades of N identical two-pole systems, which makes them excellent candidates for efficient analog VLSI implementations. The resulting filters can be used in a filterbank architecture to realize cochlea implants or auditory processors of increased biorealism. In addition, their simple parameterization allows the use of conventional automatic gain control (AGC) schemes to model certain important features of the biological cochlea (e.g. level-dependent gain) that are observed physiologically. To illustrate the idea, we present preliminary simulation results from a 4th-order OZGF using novel high dynamic range log-domain biquads in CMOS weak inversion (CMOS-WI). All circuits were designed in Cadence® Design Framework, using the commercially available AMS 0.35μm CMOS process. The reported OZGF structure has a simulated input dynamic range of 122.8dB, while dissipating 3.7μW of static power.
Carbon-rich cyclopolymers: their synthesis, etch resistance, and application to 193-nm microlithography (1999)

We describe a cyclopolymerization approach to novel cyclic materials incorporating a) etch-stable adamantyl esters and b) t-butyl esters as functionalities suitable for chemical amplification. The synthesis of the monomers follows a highly convergent approach from the readily synthesized 1- adamantyl malonate ester. Two polymerizable side chains are then added, incorporating either a(t-butyl acrylate esters, or b) a terminal olefin functionality. These bifunctional, carbon-rich monomers undergo smooth and efficient free radical ring-closing cyclopolymerization to afford soluble, processable polymers that do not contain residual olefinic signals. In order to optimize the lithographic performance of the materials, these crystalline monomers can also be copolymerized with maleic anhydride, or other desirable monomers. These resists show excellent transparency at 193 nm and outstanding etch resistance. When used in combination with a photoacid generator, they ca be used to formulate deep UV, chemically amplified photoresists. Preliminary imaging experiments conducted with a 193 nm ArF laser stepper exposure unit demonstrate features below 0.18 (mu) .
Time-dependent measurement of charge density on the bottom of high aspect capillary hole in pulse-modulated VHF capacitively coupled Ar plasma (2020)

Abstract Charging and discharging behavior of high aspect-ratio (AR) hole capillary plate (CP) exposed to a pulse-modulated very high frequency (VHF) capacitively-coupled plasma is investigated. From an equivalent circuit model, time-dependent charge density on the bottom of the CP is quantitatively evaluated. AR of the CP plays very important role for the charging current, although the discharge current is dominated by the leakage current of the CP. Importance of electron current flowing into the CP bottom during the VHF pulse-on phase is suggested at higher self-bias voltages.
Is the Epstein-Barr Virus Involved in Hodgkin's Disease? (1989)

EBV genomes, in clonal episomal form, were detected in 7 out of 17 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and in a single case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which occurred in a patient after therapeutic treatment for HD. The experimental data presented imply that a clonal cell population, harboring the EBV genome, must be present in EBV-positive HD. In light of this finding we are attempting to reconsider the abundant literature on this lymphoproliferative disorder, and suggest a reevaluation of the possibility that EBV could be etiologically involved in HD.
Personalized surveillance and prognostication of patients undergoing kidney cancer surgery: The 15-year UCLA experience (2007)

5045 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying biology, clinical manifestations, and outcome. An evolving understanding of prognostic factors for patients is leading toward individualized surveillance as well as treatment. We reviewed our large single center experience trying to maximize prognostication and surveillance for each patient. Methods: The charts of 1,825 patients with renal masses from 1989–2006 were reviewed and 263 variables/patient were recorded. 1,492 underwent partial or radical nephrectomy with the final histology being RCC. Statistical analysis was performed via Cox regression and concordance models. This enabled us to investigate the Surveillance &amp; Prognosis University of California Integrated Staging System (S&amp;P-UISS), a 3-tiered group system for based on low (LR), intermediate (IR) and high risk (HR) categorization separately for both non-metastatic (NM) and metastatic (M) patients, and to compare its prognostic accuracy with the current TNM classification. Results: Of all patients analyzed 66% were male. A Fuhrman grade of 1, 2, 3 and 4 was assigned to 179 (12.3%), 675 (46.5%), 485 (33.4%), and 114 patients (7.8%), respectively. ECOG performance status was 0, 1, 2 and 3 in 768 (52.1%), 652 (44.3%), 51 (3.5%), and 2 (0.1%), respectively. The disease-specific survival (%) for NM LR (n=326, 22%), IR (n=464, 32%), and HR (n=121, 8%) patients was, respectively, 97, 81, 62 at 5 years; 92, 46, 41 at 10 years; 92, 45, 20 at 15 years. For M LR (n=78, 5%), IR (n=406, 28%) and HR (n=58, 4%) survival was 41, 18, 8 at 5 years; 31, 7, 0 at 10 years; and 31, 0, 0 at 15 years, respectively. Based on concordance statistics, S&amp;P-UISS predicted disease-specific survival better than the 2002 TNM system. Conclusions: The S&amp;P-UISS system is a highly reliable and reproducible predictor of mortality following surgical therapy for localized and metastatic RCC. Surveillance and personal treatments should be individualized for a particular patient based on risk group categorization following surgery for their primary tumor. Accurate prognostication allows personal tailoring for treatments as well as allocation into clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A 7.5Gb/s transmitter with self-adaptive FIR (2008)

This paper presents a transmitter FIR filter and a coefficient adaptation method based on exploration of the receive eye at the far end receiver. This method does not require backchannel or coding overhead and does not involve any proprietary functionality in the far-end SerDes. The transmitter FIR and the proposed adaptation method were proven in a CMOS 65 n SerDes over a variety of copper media for data-rates up to 9.4 Gbps.
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR)–An important link between waste management and renewable fuels as part of the energy transition (2022)

The significant progress in energy demands and limited fossil fuel sources, together with environmental concerns, have enforced the study of green, renewable, and sustainable energy sources. Biomass and its residues can be converted into valued fuels and chemicals through advanced thermal conversion technologies. Pyrolysis has been used for a long time for charcoal formation, while intermediate and fast pyrolysis technologies have become of considerable interest in recent years. This substantial interest is because these processes provide different bio-products (synthesis gas, bio-oil and biochar), which can be used directly in numerous applications or as a sustainable energy carrier. This paper investigates an overview of the fundamentals of Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR) technology which is a novel intermediate pyrolysis process combined with a post catalytic reforming unit. This study also identifies the TCR process's features and advantages compared to other pyrolysis technologies, followed by a technical scale unit and the transfer of intermediates in final products. Finally, the treatment of effluents, heat management and implementation of such technologies are discussed. This paper shows how a continuous pyrolysis/reforming plant has been developed and established based on targeted reactor design and in conjunction with preventing major effluent streams, which could have a major impact on the technology's commercial success. Along with two major European projects (To-Syn-Fuel and GreenFlexJET), the TCR technology shall help to overcome the dependency on fossil crude oil and fuels.
Interface Formation in a Partially Miscible Polymer Blend (1988)

We have directly measured the interface formation and diffusion between two partially miscible polymers, SCPE and PMMA, using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, as the temperature was varied from the glass transition into the two-phase region. As the temperature was increased, the interfacial width for a given diffusion time increased sharply, attaining a maximum value approximately 25 °C above the lower critical solution temperature and then dropped abruptly. The results are briefly discussed within the framework of the extended Flory-Huggins theory wherein nonlocal terms are included in the free energy.
AN ENDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF BACT. TYPHOSUM TYPE D4 (1943)

Journal Article AN ENDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF BACT. TYPHOSUM TYPE D4 Get access W. H. Bradley W. H. Bradley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 1, Issue 4, June 1943, Pages 41–42, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070164 Published: 01 June 1943
Thermionic emission limited recombination in phosphorus-implanted polysilicon emitters (2003)

Bipolar transistors with P-implanted polysilicon emitters have been fabricated with high emitter efficiency and low emitter series resistance. Temperature-dependent measurements showed that the base current was limited by thermionic emission over a potential barrier of 220 MeV at the polysilicon-monosilicon interface. Due to this effective barrier, the base current was dominated by recombination in the monosilicon emitter. A model which explains the base current and its dependence on the temperature is presented. The difference between the P-doped and As-doped transistor is attributed to the fact that for the latter the base current is not limited by thermionic emission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular profiling of ER+ metastatic breast cancers to reveal association of genomic alterations with acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. (2019)

1009 Background: Genomic profiling of ER+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has revealed highly prevalent genomic alterations (e.g. ESR1, NF1, ERBB2) associated with exposure to antiestrogen therapy and endocrine resistance. It is not known whether any such acquired genomic alterations are observed after exposure to now standard CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). Methods: To identify genomic alterations associated with acquired resistance to CDK4/6i + antiestrogen combinations, we prospectively performed tumor and matched normal sequencing on 1059 ER+ breast cancers from 845 MBC patients collected prior to (n = 838) or post-treatment with CDK4/6i (n = 221), including 110 pre- and post-treatment pairs. We performed gene enrichment analyses to identify the oncogenic mutations and copy number alterations that were more frequent in post-CDK4/6i samples compared to CDK4/6i-naïve samples and further compared these results to those of post-hormone alone therapy datasets. Results: The post-CDK4/6i samples were collected following exposure to CDK4/6i plus aromatase inhibitors (51%), plus fulvestrant (28%), or multiple/other (21%). Along with alterations previously associated with resistance to hormonal therapy alone, our analysis identified multiple genes to be specifically enriched in the post-CDK4/6i tumors. Among these, loss-of-function alterations in RB1 were significantly enriched in the post-CDK4/6i compared to CDK4/6i-naïve samples (7.9% vs. 2.7%, p-value = 1.5e-5). The majority of the RB1 mutations in the post-CDK4/6i tumors had loss of heterozygosity (LOH), while LOH was uncommon in the CDK4/6i-naive tumors. Additionally, multiple alterations in effectors of PI3K/AKT signaling (excluding PIK3CA), cell cycle (such as CDKN2A loss) and in Hippo signaling were more frequent in the post-CDK4/6i tumors. Conclusions: This large clinico-genomic analysis of the post- and pre-CDK4/6i MBCs reveals multiple genomic lesions to be enriched after exposure to CDK4/6i, highlighting therapy-related genomic evolution as a recurrent phenomenon and identifying unique genomic subsets that have strong potential to alter the benefit of subsequent lines of therapies.
Grid-Based Inversion Methods for Spatial Feature Identification and Parameter Estimation from Pressure Transient Tests (2011)

Abstract We present and compare three different grid-based inversion methods for estimation of formation parameters and spatial geological feature identification based on pressure transient test (PTT) data from multiple-well locations. The first and second methods employ efficient adjoint schemes to determine the gradient of the objective functions resulting in the most likely set of reservoir parameters and an ensemble of updated realizations of the parameters, respectively. The second method is based on the Langevin equation. The third method uses ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) for data assimilation, in which the outcome is an ensemble of updated parameter realizations. These three methods use a grid-independent prior model (in view of the limited prior knowledge of the system expected to be available), described by as few parameters as possible, and consider a non-uniform grid with the highest resolution near the wells. With these methods, the existence of and location of many sub- seismic features such as strong spatial permeability variations, faults, fractures and pinch outs may be determined using exploration and production data. Such features may not be known a priori, particularly in the exploration of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. We examine each method considering the degree of prior information required, the computational overhead and the applicability to the reservoir characterization workflow. Our results indicate that the first method provides a good history match to the observed PTT data and is suited for the early exploration phase of the reservoir. However, the parameters must be convolved with the smaller scale data to produce multiple realizations away from the implausibly smooth most-likely solution. The observed PTT data lies within the ensemble of predicted pressures in the EnKF and Langevin-based methods which are both applicable to probabilistic workflows where uncertainty is treated rigorously. However, EnKF seems to be computationally more efficient than the Langevin approach.
Environmental drivers of the fine-scale distribution of a gelatinous zooplankton community across a mesoscale front (2014)

Mesoscale fronts occur frequently in many coastal areas and often are sites of elevated productivity; however, knowledge of the fine-scale distribution of zooplankton at these fronts is lacking, particularly within the mid-trophic levels. Furthermore, small (<13 cm) gelatinous zooplankton are ubiquitous, but are under-studied, and their abundances underestimated due to inadequate sampling technology. Using the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS), we describe the fine-scale distribution of small gelatinous zooplankton at a sharp salinitydriven front in the Southern California Bight. Between 15 and 17 October 2010, over 129 000 hydromedusae, ctenophores, and siphonophores within 44 taxa, and nearly 650 000 pelagic tunicates were imaged in 5450 m 3 of water. Organisms were separated into 4 major assemblages which were largely associated with depth-related factors. Species distribution modeling using boosted regression trees revealed that hydromedusae and tunicates were primarily associated with temperature and depth, siphonophores with dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and ctenophores with DO. The front was the least influential out of all environmental variables modeled. Additionally, except for 6 taxa, all other taxa were not aggregated at the front. Results provide new insights into the biophysical drivers of gelatinous zooplankton distributions and the varying influence of mesoscale fronts in structuring zooplankton communities.
Determination of inclusion depth in ex vivo animal tissues using surface enhanced deep Raman spectroscopy (2019)

This work presents recent developments in spatially offset and transmission Raman spectroscopy for noninvasive detection and depth prediction of a single SERS inclusion located deep inside ex vivo biological tissues. The concept exploits the differential attenuation of Raman bands brought about by their different absorption due to tissue constituents enabling to predict the inclusion depth. Four different calibration models are tested and evaluated to predict the depth of surface enhanced Raman scattering labelled nanoparticles, within an up to 40 mm slab of porcine tissue. An external measurement carried out in transmission mode, with a noninvasively built model on the analysed sample, is shown to be insensitive to variations of the overall thickness of the tissue yielding an average root-mean-square error of prediction of 6.7%. The results pave the way for future noninvasive deep Raman spectroscopy in vivo enabling to localise cancer biomarkers for an early diagnosis of multiple diseases.
Pattern Classification for Geotag Generation (2009)

Geo-security, or location-based security service, provides authorization of persons or facilities based on their distinctive location information. It applies the field of position navigation and time (PNT) to the provision of security. Location-dependent parameters from radio navigation signals are quantized to compute a location verification tag or “geotag” to block or allow accesses by users. Adequate quantization steps of location-dependent parameters should be selected to achieve reliable performance. Loran is chosen as a case study because of its beneficial properties for location-based security services. The achievable performance and security of the system are determined by the quantity and quality of locationdependent parameters. By quantity, we mean the total number of different (independent) location-dependent measurements available. By quality, we mean the amount of unique location-dependent information and its consistency provided by each parameter that can be used to generate a robust geotag. It is desirable that the parameters be relatively insensitive to temporal changes that can weaken the uniqueness of the information. As a result, reproducibility and repeatable accuracy are fundamental requirements for any location-based security service. In practice, quantization error due to temporal variations in location-dependent parameters significantly degrades system reliability. In this paper we propose a new method to generate strong geotags from noisy location data. Pattern classification is the concept of assigning a physical object or measured data to one of the pre-specified groups, using a priori knowledge or statistical information. Three different classifier-based geotag generation algorithms are proposed, and real data are used to evaluate and compare their performance.