gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Transmitter Release by Action Potential Duration at the Hippocampal CA3-CA1 Synapse (1999)

Presynaptic Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels triggers neurotransmitter release. Action potential duration plays a determinant role in the dynamics of presynaptic Ca2+ influx. In this study, the presynaptic Ca2+ influx was optically measured with a low-affinity Ca2+ indicator (Furaptra). The effect of action potential duration on Ca2+ influx and transmitter release was investigated. The K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was applied to broaden the action potential and thereby increase presynaptic Ca2+ influx. This increase of Ca2+ influx appeared to be much less effective in enhancing transmitter release than raising the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. 4-AP did not change the Ca2+ dependence of transmitter release but instead shifted the synaptic transmission curve toward larger total Ca2+ influx. These results suggest that changing the duration of Ca2+ influx is not equivalent to changing its amplitude in locally building up an effective Ca2+ concentration near the Ca2+ sensor of the release machinery. Furthermore, in the presence of 4-AP, the N-type Ca2+ channel blocker omegaCgTx GVIA was much less effective in blocking transmitter release. This phenomenon was not simply due to a saturation of the release machinery by the increased overall Ca2+ influx because a similar reduction of Ca2+ influx by application of the nonspecific Ca2+ channel blocker Cd2+ resulted in much more inhibition of transmitter release. Rather, the different potencies of omega-CgTx GVIA and Cd2+ in inhibiting transmitter release suggest that the Ca2+ sensor is possibly located at a distance from a cluster of Ca2+ channels such that it is sensitive to the location of Ca2+ channels within the cluster.
Online monitoring of the evolution of the number of particles in emulsion polymerization by conductivity measurements. I. Model formulation (2003)

Abstract A conductivity meter is an inexpensive instrument that can easily be installed in polymerization reactors. This instrument can be used to monitor ionic species without time‐consuming calibrations. A probe is inserted into the media, providing in situ measurements of conductivity in real time. For emulsion polymerization reactions, the conductivity meter can respond to changes in the ionic surfactant concentration, allowing the determination of surfactant dynamics in the media. The surfactant concentration can then be related to the changes in the surface area of the polymer particle phase, which can be linked to nucleation or coagulation phenomena. In this study, a conductivity meter was coupled to a calorimetric reactor to provide in situ and online measurements of conductivity during the emulsion polymerization of styrene, with sodium dodecyl sulfate as an anionic surfactant and with potassium persulfate as a free‐radical initiator. A semiempirical model was built to describe the conductivity signal as a function of the latex composition and the reactor temperature. The model was inverted and combined with the available conductivity signal, conversion, and temperature measurements and was able to accurately predict the number of polymer particles in the latex and the surfactant concentrations in the many phases, without online measurements of the particle size. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1213–1226, 2003
Light‐Driven Wide‐Range Nonmechanical Beam Steering and Spectrum Scanning Based on a Self‐Organized Liquid Crystal Grating Enabled by a Chiral Molecular Switch (2014)

Optically controlled wide-range beam steering and spectrum scanning are demonstrated by a self-organized liquid crystal grating. The diffraction angle can be tuned around 30° upon light irradiation. In addition, a reversible spectrum scanning system can be constructed using the optical tunable grating. This highly tunable light-driven grating has great potential in light propagation control and spectroscopy applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Block-spreading codes for impulse radio multiple access through ISI channels (2003)

Transmitting digital information using ultra-short pulses, impulse radio (IR) has received increasing interest for multiple access (MA). Analog IRMA utilizes pulse-position modulation (PPM) and random time-hopping codes to mitigate inter-symbol interference (ISI) and suppress multiuser interference (MUI) statistically. We develop an all-digital IRMA scheme that relies on block-spreading and judiciously designed transceiver pairs to eliminate MUI deterministically, and regardless of ISI multipath effects.
Spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia in the beagle. Age-associated changes in serum hormone levels, and the morphology and secretory function of the canine prostate. (1983)

This paper is a cross-sectional study of spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a single canine species. The effects of aging and hormonal changes on the growth, histology, and glandular secretory function of the canine prostate were studied in 42 male beagles ranging in age from 8 mo to 9 yr. The beagle prostate enlarges for at least 6 yr, whether normal or hyperplastic. In contrast, prostatic secretory function, determined by ejaculate volume and total ejaculate protein, declines markedly after 4 yr of age. These reciprocal growth and functional changes in the prostate are closely associated with a progressive increase in the incidence of BPH, which is already apparent in some dogs by age two. With age there is a modest decrease in serum androgen levels with no apparent change in serum 17 beta-estradiol levels. This suggests that the growth and functional changes that are associated with the development of BPH and are initiated very early in life reflect an altered sensitivity of the prostate to serum androgens or a response to the relative decrease in the serum androgen to estrogen ratio.
Blind frequency-offset estimator for OFDM with general symbol constellation (2008)

An efficient feedforward blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with general symbol constellation is presented. The proposed estimator requires only one OFDM symbol period to blindly and accurately estimate the CFO in Gaussian and multipath fading channels.
Minimally Invasive Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment Upregulates Anti‐Senescence Pathways (2013)

Our results raise the possibility that sirtuin activity may be used as an accurate corollary to clinical improvement in skin quality.
d0/fn-Mediated Ring-Opening Ziegler Polymerization (ROZP) and Copolymerization with Mono- and Disubstituted Methylenecyclopropanes. Diverse Mechanisms and a New Chain-Capping Termination Process (2004)

The mono- and disubstituted methylenecyclopropane derivatives 2-phenyl-1-methylenecyclopropane (A) and 7-methylenebicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (B) have been successfully implemented in ring-opening Ziegler polymerization. Homogeneous ethylene + 2-phenyl-1-methylenecyclopropane (A) random copolymerizations are mediated efficiently by the single-site catalysts Cp*2ZrMe+B(C6F5)4-, [Cp*2LuH]2, [Cp*2SmH]2, and [Cp*2YH]2 (Cp* = C5Me5) to produce a copolymer (C) with A enchained in a ring-opened fashion. Single-site coordinative polymerization of 7-methylenebicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (B) proceeds via either ring-opened or ring-unopened pathways. In the presence of Cp*2ZrMe+ MeB(C6F5)3- at 0 °C, B undergoes polymerization to afford the insoluble, ring-unopened homopolymer D, which was characterized by CPMAS NMR, DSC, elemental analysis, FTIR, TGA, and XRD. The melting point of polymer D lies above its decomposition temperature (>300 °C). Random copolymerizations of B and ethylene mediated by Cp*2ZrMe+MeB(C6F5)3- at room temperature result in polymer E, a polyethylene capped by a ring-opened B fragment. The formation of B-capped polymer E is a consequence of a new chain transfer mechanism, as evidenced by a linear relationship between Mn and [B]-1. The rate constant for insertion of ethylene is ∼25× greater than the rate constant for insertion of monomer B into the metal−alkyl bond. Random copolymers (F) of ring-opened B and ethylene are produced when the catalysts Me2Si(Me4C5)(tBuN)ZrMe2, Me2Si(Me4C5)(tBuN)TiMe2 (activated by either (C6H5)3C+ B(C6F5)4- or B(C6F5)3), and [Cp*2LuH]2 are employed.
Human Lung Fibroblasts Produce and Respond toProResolving and Anti-Fibrotic Prostaglandins (2020)

The overarching goal of this project was to
elucidate novel functions of the lung fibroblast, including
interactions with other lung cells, in order to better understand
pulmonary homeostasis, and thereby, identify new therapeutic
strategies for interstitial lung diseases, such as idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In addition to their familiar roles as
structural and scar-forming cells, human lung fibroblasts (HLFs)
act as innate immune sentinel cells that amplify the inflammatory
response to injurious stimuli. Recent
 studies on the resolution of
inflammation indicate that injured immune cells initially respond
with pro-inflammatory signals, but later actively switch to express
pro-resolving signals, as highlighted in Chapter 1. In the first
phase of this project (Chapter 2), I employed a targeted lipidomics
approach to explore the hypothesis that HLFs, like bona fide innate
immune cells, can play an active role in resolution. I detected
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent production of both
pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving prostaglandins (PGs) in
conditioned culture medium from HLFs treated with a
pro-inflammatory stimulus,
 interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β). Most
importantly, I showed for the first time that activated HLFs can
produce functional ligands for the transcription factor peroxisome
proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPARγ), whose activation in
the lung yields potent antiinflammatory, anti-fibrotic and
pro-resolving effects. In the second phase of this project (Chapter
3), I investigated whether or not, via these PGs, activated HLFs
exert functional anti-fibrotic effects. The key novel finding of
this section is that HLFs produce extracellular vesicles, including
exosomes, and that these have potent anti-fibrotic effects via both
autocrine and paracrine signals. In the final phase of this project
(Chapter 4), I further investigated cellular crosstalk between HLFs
and immune cells as a potential therapeutic opportunity in
pulmonary fibrosis. While the role of immune cells in lung fibrosis
is unclear, recent studies suggest that T
 cell activation may be
impaired in IPF patients. I therefore tested the hypothesis that
activated T cells inhibit myofibroblast differentiation, using a
co-culture system. I showed
 for the first time that co-culture
with activated human T lymphocytes strongly inhibits myofibroblast
differentiation in HLFs, demonstrating a novel pathway with
therapeutic implications for fibrotic lung diseases. In sum, this
research uncovers a novel role for HLFs in maintaining normal lung
homeostasis, and underscores the potential of endogenous
lipid-derived mediators as anti-fibrotic agents. This work
indicates that more than mere sentinels and amplifiers of
inflammatory signals, HLFs may synchronize the complex process of
resolution, initially mounting a defensive inflammatory response to
injury, but later acting as negative regulators to keep the
response in check. These novel endogenous resolution circuits
 may
represent new therapeutic opportunities for globally important
inflammatory and
…
Decision-theoretic user interface generation (2008)

For decades, researchers have debated the pros and cons of adaptive user interfaces with enthusiastic AI practitioners often confronting skeptical HCI experts (Shneiderman &amp;amp; Maes, 1997). This paper summarizes the SUPPLE project’s
Multiobjective evolutionary optimization for tumor segmentation of breast ultrasound images (2013)

This paper proposes a robust multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) to optimize parameters of tumor segmentation for ultrasound breast images. The proposed algorithm employs efficient schemes for reinforcing proximity to Pareto-optimal and diversity of solutions. They are designed to solve multiobjective problems for segmentation accuracy and speed. First objective is evaluated by difference between the segmented outline and ground truth. Second objective is evaluated by elapsed time during segmentation process. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with conventional MOEA from the viewpoint of proximity to the Pareto-optimal front (improved by 16.4% and 12.4%). Moreover, segmentation results of proposed algorithm describe faster segmentation speed (1.97 second) and higher accuracy (8% Jaccard).
Compact Modeling of Doped Symmetric DG MOSFETs with Regional Approach (2006)

A compact model for the surface and mid-gap potentials of doped symmetric double-gate MOSFETs is presented. A unified regional approach is used to derive the model equations from Poisson equation. The fully-depleted double-gate MOSFET has four regions of operation, accumulation, depletion, weak or volume inversion, and strong inversion. The model is derived physically in all regions, with expressions for the flat-band, fully-depleted, and threshold voltages scalable over silicon channel doping and thickness, and unified to obtain a single-piece explicit model for the surface potential and mid-gap potential. The model has been verified in comparison with numerical device potentials, charges, and capacitances for various channel doping and thickness.
Correction for Cairns et al., “Comparative Genome Analysis and Global Phylogeny of the Toxin Variant Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 017 Reveals the Evolution of Two Independent Sublineages” (2017)

Author correction.
Staged thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for unstable and postinfarction angina (1989)

The precise timing of intravenous thrombolysis and coronary angioplasty continues to be evaluated for patients who have coronary thrombosis and unstable angina or postinfarction angina. Coronary angioplasty is effective for these patients but is associated with thromboembolic coronary occlusion in 24% to 29% of cases. After adjunctive intravenous thrombolysis and oral antiplatelet therapy to improve the success rate and to decrease the risk of acute occlusion, deferred angioplasty was successful in three patients with intracoronary thrombus and unstable angina or postinfarction angina. Staged thrombolysis and deferred angioplasty is feasible for selected patients with these acute coronary syndromes.
Increased interferon alpha receptor 2 mRNA levels is associated with renal cell carcinoma metastasis (2007)

IFNAR2 is associated with the progression of RCC.
P136 ELTANEXOR, AN EXPORTIN-1 INHIBITOR, RAPIDLY DECREASES INFLAMMATION AND IMPROVES OUTCOMES IN VITRO AND IN A DSS MODEL OF IBD (2019)

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) leading to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue and weight loss. Over 3.5 million Americans and Europeans are estimated to have IBD, yet there is currently no cure, making patients dependent on lifelong symptomatic treatment aimed to reduce intestinal inflammation. Thus, novel and effective treatments for IBD are an urgent and unmet medical need. Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export (SINE) function via the inhibition of exportin 1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export of over 220 cargoes including important inflammatory regulators such as Nf-κBp65, IκBα and PPARγ. Eltanexor (KPT-8602), an oral SINE compound, has a broad therapeutic window and minimal toxicities while maintaining efficacy. The safety, tolerability, and efficacy of eltanexor is currently being evaluated in patients with relapsed/refractory cancer indications (NCT02649790). This study sought to determine the effects of eltanexor during intestinal inflammation using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, as well as its impact on cytokine expression in bone marrow-derived (BMD) macrophages (Mφs). Colitis was induced in mice by 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days. Disease progression was assessed by a disease activity index (DAI) including body weight loss, stool consistency and blood in the feces. Myeloid cells infiltrating the colonic mucosa were analyzed via flow cytometry. To assess the therapeutic potential of eltanexor in vivo, 10 and 15 mg/kg of the SINE compound were orally administered every other day starting at day 5. To study the anti-inflammatory effect of eltanexor at gene expression level, BMDMφs were treated with eltanexor before stimulation with LPS and IFNγ. Oral administration of 15 mg/kg eltanexor resulted in a rapid and potent reduction of DAI within 48 hours of administration. This anti-inflammatory effect was accompanied by a decrease in infiltration of colonic inflammatory myeloid cells including neutrophils and monocytes, followed by an increase in mature Mφ. In vitro, eltanexor pre-treatment suppressed expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-1a, NOS2, IL-6 and TNFa) in LPS/IFNγ treated BMDMφs. In parallel, eltanexor was able to induce in LPS+IFNγ stimulated BMDMφs a rapid increase (within 2 hours post dosage) of IL-10 compared to the vehicle pointing towards a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Eltanexor was able to significantly improve the course of murine DSS-induced colitis. Both in vitro and in vivo, eltanexor demonstrated the ability to rapidly decrease inflammation and prevent myeloid cell activation. These data suggest that inhibition of XPO1-mediated nuclear export may be a promising therapeutic strategy to favor a rapid remission in IBD.
Distributed Compressed Sensing for Static and Time-Varying Networks (2014)

We consider the problem of in-network compressed sensing from distributed measurements. Every agent has a set of measurements of a signal x, and the objective is for the agents to recover x from their collective measurements using only communication with neighbors in the network. Our distributed approach to this problem is based on the centralized Iterative Hard Thresholding algorithm (IHT). We first present a distributed IHT algorithm for static networks that leverages standard tools from distributed computing to execute in-network computations with minimized bandwidth consumption. Next, we address distributed signal recovery in networks with time-varying topologies. The network dynamics necessarily introduce inaccuracies to our in-network computations. To accommodate these inaccuracies, we show how centralized IHT can be extended to include inexact computations while still providing the same recovery guarantees as the original IHT algorithm. We then leverage these new theoretical results to develop a distributed version of IHT for time-varying networks. Evaluations show that our distributed algorithms for both static and time-varying networks outperform previously proposed solutions in time and bandwidth by several orders of magnitude.
Low-Pass Genome-Wide Sequencing and Variant Inference Using Identity-by-Descent in an Isolated Human Population (2011)

Whole-genome sequencing in an isolated population with few founders directly ascertains variants from the population bottleneck that may be rare elsewhere. In such populations, shared haplotypes allow imputation of variants in unsequenced samples without resorting to complex statistical methods as in studies of outbred cohorts. We focus on an isolated population cohort from the Pacific Island of Kosrae, Micronesia, where we previously collected SNP array and rich phenotype data for the majority of the population. We report identification of long regions with haplotypes co-inherited between pairs of individuals and methodology to leverage such shared genetic content for imputation. Our estimates show that sequencing as few as 40 personal genomes allows for inference in up to 60% of the 3000-person cohort at the average locus. We ascertained a pilot data set of whole-genome sequences from seven Kosraean individuals, with average 5× coverage. This assay identified 5,735,306 unique sites of which 1,212,831 were previously unknown. Additionally, these variants are unusually enriched for alleles that are rare in other populations when compared to geographic neighbors (published Korean genome SJK). We used the presence of shared haplotypes between the seven Kosraen individuals to estimate expected imputation accuracy of known and novel homozygous variants at 99.6% and 97.3%, respectively. This study presents whole-genome analysis of a homogenous isolate population with emphasis on optimal rare variant inference.
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Produce Concordant Improvements in Regional Function, Tissue Perfusion, and Fibrotic Burden When Administered to Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2014)

http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00587990. Unique identifier: NCT00587990.
Spongistatin synthetic studies. 2. Assembly of the C(18–28) spiroketal (1997)

The C(18–28) CD-ring spiroketal subunit of the spongistatins, marine polyether macrolides with unprecedented antitumor activity, has been generated via a highly convergent and completely stereocontrolled sequence. Key operations include a one-flask dithiane bisalkylation and a metal-assisted spiroketal equilibration.
A New Improved Shale Correction for Pulsed-Neutron Measurements (2015)

Abstract The addition of a third detector to pulsed-neutron tools (PNT) enabled a new measurement, saturation gate (SATG), which is sensitive to gas vs. fluid. The saturation calculation was originally created using a single mineral model of clean sandstone in which it worked well. Sandstone formations typically have some shale content and as the shale content increased, the gas saturation algorithm undercalled gas saturation. An updated two mineral model, taking into account both sandstone and shale, is needed to accurately calculate gas saturation in shaley-sandstone environments. Two methods are being introduced to correct for the shaley-sand effect. The first method uses a crossplot technique of sandstone to shale SATG data vs. the volume of shale and corrects the shale affected points back to the sandstone fan. The second method creates two fans: one for 100% sandstone and the other for 50% shale, and the fans are moved to fit the data. The first method results in a straightforward ratio of the change in SATG to the change in shale volume to plug into the correction while the second method is both more intuitive in context and interpretative in practice. The shale is modeled using a mixture of 50% illite clay and 50% quartz. Depending on the mineralogical composition of the shale, other fans could be constructed. Two tight-gas shaley-sand examples are used to compare the gas saturation response using both the single (no shale correction) and shaley-sand mineral models. Results show the updated model enhances accuracy of gas saturation in shaley-sand environments. Previous pulsed-neutron sigma and carbon-oxygen saturations had limitations. Sigma-based saturation can calculate both gas vs. water and oil vs. water saturation but is limited to high salinity formations in which the dynamic range is large. Carbon-oxygen-based saturations are not affected by salinity but only work for oil vs. water saturation. SATG saturation fills a void for gas vs. fluid saturation in low, mixed, or unknown formation water salinities.