gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design a Multifunctional Soft Tactile Sensor Enhanced by Machine Learning Approaches (2022)

Abstract Tactile sensors are essential to robot hands that deal with various objects and interact with the environment. Soft tactile sensors are especially important to capture tactile information about delicate, irregular-shaped, or unknown objects. This paper introduces a soft tactile sensor that can simultaneously estimate the contact force, contact feature, and contact point. Inspired by multifunctional human skin, the proposed design has a dual-layer structure and is multifunctional. The top layer consists of a group of sensing elements that detect the contact location and contact feature enhanced by the bagging classifier based on the k-nearest neighbors. The sensor elements were biomimetically and analytically designed as a pyramid shape that mimicked the mountain ridge-like structure in human skin to improve sensitivity. The bottom layer was made by a piece of Velostat sandwiched between conductive fabrics that can measure the contact force. The relationship between the sensing voltage and the contact force was modeled by the Nadaraya–Watson regressor. The performance of the proposed sensor was verified by a repeatability test. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed sensor on a robotic gripper. The experimental results show that this sensor is able to detect contact information of fragile objects.
Corrigendum to &quot;Laser vision: lidar as a transformative tool to advance critical zone science&quot; published in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2881–2897, 2015 (2015)

© The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19 (2015): 2943, doi:10.5194/hess-19-2943-2015.
Intrinsic Reasons for Variations in Dielectric Properties of Ba6-3xR8+2xTi18O54(R=LA–Gd) Solid Solutions (1999)

Studies of the temperature coefficient of permittivity of Ba 6-3 x R 8+2 x Ti 18 O 54 ( R =La–Gd) solid solutions revealed a high degree of correlation with the ratio of mean radii ( r A / r B ) of A - and B -site ions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of La, Sm and Pr analogues showed that r A / r B can be further correlated to tilting of the TiO 6 octahedra in the network of the Ba 6-3 x R 8+2 x Ti 18 O 54 crystal structure. Changes in the tilting of the octahedra induce changes in the crystal field and subsequently, changes in the temperature coefficient of permittivity as well as dielectric loss. Variations in dielectric properties are limited by the flexibility of the crystal structure. Variations in the tilting of the octahedra resulting from changes in the composition are highly anisotropic, which explains the markedly high electrical anisotropy of Ba 6-3 x R 8+2 x Ti 18 O 54 solid solutions.
Validity of Measuring Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fractions by Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy (2018)

Although it is known that the Raman spectroscopic signature of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is highly chirality dependent, using Raman spectroscopy with several laser excitations as a tool for quantifying fraction of either metallic or semiconducting nanotubes in a sample has become a widely used analytical method. In this work, using the electron diffraction technique as a basis, we have examined the validity of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative evaluation of metallic fractions (M%) in single-walled carbon nanotube samples. Our results show that quantitative Raman spectroscopic evaluations of M% by using several discrete laser lines, either by using integrated intensities of chirality-associated radial breathing modes (RBMs) or, as has been more commonly utilized in recent studies, by statistically counting the numbers of RBMs can be misrepresentative. Specifically, we have found that the occurrence numbers of certain types of RBMs in Raman spectral mapping depend critically on the diameter distribution, resonant coupling between transition energies and excitation laser energy, and the chirality-dependent Raman scattering cross sections rather than simply on the metallic and semiconducting SWCNT fractions. These dependencies are similar to those observed in the integrated intensities of RBMs. Our findings substantially advance the understanding of the proper use of Raman spectroscopy for carbon nanotube quantification, which is important for carbon nanotube characterization and crucial to guide research in SWCNT growth and their applications.
Rapid Uptake and Degradation of CXCL12 Depend on CXCR7 Carboxyl-terminal Serine/Threonine Residues (2012)

CXCL12 signaling through G protein-coupled CXCR4 regulates cell migration during ontogenesis and disease states including cancer and inflammation. The second CXCL12-receptor CXCR7 modulates the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway by acting as a CXCL12 scavenger and exerts G protein-independent functions. Given the distinct properties of CXCR4 and CXCR7, we hypothesized that the distinct C-terminal domains differently regulate receptor trafficking and stability. Here, we examined epitope-tagged wild type and C-terminal mutant receptors in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) with respect to trafficking, stability, (125)I-CXCL12 degradation, and G protein-coupling. The 24 CXCR7 C-terminal residues were sufficient to promote rapid spontaneous internalization. Replacement of the CXCR7 C terminus with that of CXCR4 (CXCR7-4tail mutant) abolished spontaneous internalization but permitted ligand-induced internalization and phosphorylation at the heterologous domain. The reverse tail-swap caused ligand-independent internalization of the resulting CXCR4-7tail mutant. Receptor-mediated (125)I-CXCL12 uptake and release of (125)I-CXCL12 degradation products were accelerated with receptors bearing the CXCR7 C terminus and impaired after conversion of CXCR7 C-terminal serine/threonine residues into alanines. C-terminal lysine residues were dispensable for plasma membrane targeting and the CXCL12 scavenger function but involved in constitutive degradation of CXCR7. Although the CXCR7 C terminus abolished G protein coupling in the CXCR4-7tail mutant, replacement of the CXCR7 C terminus, CXCR7 second intracellular loop, or both domains with the corresponding CXCR4 domain did not result in a G protein-coupled CXCR7 chimera. Taken together, we provide evidence that the CXCR7 C terminus influences the ligand-uptake/degradation rate, G protein coupling, and receptor stability. Regulatory pathways targeting CXCR7 C-terminal serine/threonine sites may control the CXCL12 scavenger activity of CXCR7.
Comparison of various lithography strategies for the 65- and 45-nm half pitch using simulation (2004)

At present, the question of the move from 193 to 157nm lithography is under discussion. There are still several major issues such as the development of 157nm photo-resists and pellicles, as well as calcium-fluoride lens material availability. The extension of the 193nm lithography down to the 65- and 45-nm half pitch technologies is now considered as a serious alternative. This requires several technical challenges with the use of phase shift masks (PSM), optical proximity effects corrections or liquid immersion. Simulation gives information on expected process latitudes and is an important tool to help this technical choice. Previous works have shown that the "Diffused Aerial Image Model" (DAIM) is accurate for CD prediction. Reliable process latitudes can be extracted from the simulated focus-exposure matrices (FEM). The model is used for the process latitudes evaluation of the different lithography approaches possibly used to print the 65- and 45-nm half pitches. 193nm illumination in addition to PSM is compared to 157nm lithography associated with conventional or optimized illumination schemes. This work shows that PSM at 193nm gives generally better exposure latitude for all pitches and CD, and confirms that 193nm lithography is a possible alternative to achieve 45nm and 70nm half pitches patterning. The process windows are nevertheless very small, and huge mask error factors (MEEF) are another sign that printing such small features is close to the physical limit (k1 factor close to the quarter).
Testicular microlithiasis, chemotherapy for stage I seminoma, and chemotherapy for advanced extragonadal germ cell tumors. (2002)

Previous reports have indicated that testicular microlithiasis may be associated with testicular cancer.1,2 Some physicians have recommended follow-up with scrotal ultrasound and physical examination every 6–12 months.1,2 However, many of these publications fail to distinguish between patients with only microlithiasis (isolated microlithiasis) and patients with associated sonographic abnormalities.
From Correlation to Causality: Microarrays, Cancer, and Cancer Treatment (2003)

The clinical treatment of cancer is in the process of a great leap forward, with the use of microarray-based technologies holding the promise to derive previously unobtainable insights into many aspects of disease pathogenesis. In surveying the past five years of progress, it is apparent that use of microarrays to query tumor samples and matching model systems can provide useful information concerning tumor classification, prognosis, and response to drug treatment. Further uses of microarrays in cancer biology have been proposed, with particular interest in prospects of this technology to elucidate cancer etiology and identify critical signal transduction pathways relevant to cancer drug development. In this review, we summarize the status of these fields and use insights gleaned from the extensive use of microarrays in studies of gene function versus gene expression profiles in model organisms such as yeast to identify critical issues for ongoing application development.
Efficient Hyperpolarization of U‐13C‐Glucose Using Narrow‐Line UV‐Generated Labile Free Radicals (2018)

Abstract Free radicals generated by UV‐light irradiation of a frozen solution containing a fraction of pyruvic acid (PA) have demonstrated their dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) potential, providing up to 30 % [1‐ 13 C]PA liquid‐state polarization. Moreover, their labile nature has proven to pave a way to nuclear polarization storage and transport. Herein, differently from the case of PA, the issue of providing dDNP UV‐radical precursors (trimethylpyruvic acid and its methyl‐deuterated form) not involved in any metabolic pathway was investigated. The 13 C dDNP performance was evaluated for hyperpolarization of [U‐ 13 C 6 ,1,2,3,4,5,6,6‐d 7 ]‐ d ‐glucose. The generated UV‐radicals proved to be versatile and highly efficient polarizing agents, providing, after dissolution and transfer (10 s), a 13 C liquid‐state polarization of up to 32 %.
Numerical simulation of the avalanche breakdown process in pulse sharpening diodes (1996)

Summary form only given. This paper describes a method for the dynamic simulation of the avalanche breakdown process in silicon-based pulse sharpening diodes. The simulation uses commercially available software that incorporates SPICE3 for the circuit-simulation and numerical models for the critical devices. The numerical modeling of the critical devices in the circuit can be one or two dimensional and is based on the solution of Poisson's equation and the current-continuity equations. The program allows user specification of device geometry, doping levels, doping profiles, and external circuit parameters. This work is being performed in order to establish an educated starting point for fabrication of pulse sharpening diodes at UNM facilities. Results of the numerical simulation are provided. A comparison of the numerical simulation to experimental data is made.
Activity and Reactivity of Carbon Formed by the Thermal Degradation of Poly(vinyl butyral) in Alumina Pellets (1990)

This paper discusses the kinetics of the oxidation of carbon formed by the thermal degradation of poly (vinyl butyral) (PVB) in alumina pellets. The kinetics, studied in a flow reactor using wet nitrogen as the oxidant, followed zero‐order kinetics. The carbon was found to be very reactive, and it possibly was a form of Dent carbon. The activity of this carbon compared with graphite in alumina pellets showed that the carbon formed by the thermal degradation of PVB to be 4 to 6 times more active than graphite. The total organic content of the pellets was varied from 0% to 15% and the kinetics was studied in the temperature range of 873 to 1073 K. Activation energies were expressed as a function of the weight percent of carbon in the pellet. Experimental data with two particle sizes of alumina gave different activation energies.
Plasma based platinum nanoaggregates deposited on carbon nanofibers improve fuel cell efficiency (2007)

Improved platinum catalytic utilization has been achieved by creating an open support structure based on aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) attached to carbon loaded carbon cloth electrodes [known as gas diffusion layer (GDL)]. The nickel catalyst used to initiate the CNFs growth; the CNFs themselves and the 5nm Pt nanoaggregates were deposited sequentially in the same low pressure plasma reactor. This oriented catalyst structure was incorporated into a membrane electrode assembly and tested with and without CNFs and on carbon paper or GDL. The performance of the fuel cells based on CNFs and GDL was better over the entire range of operating current.
Gut microbiome–mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells (2018)

Primary liver tumors and liver metastasis currently represent the leading cause of cancer-related death. Commensal bacteria are important regulators of antitumor immunity, and although the liver is exposed to gut bacteria, their role in antitumor surveillance of liver tumors is poorly understood. We found that altering commensal gut bacteria in mice induced a liver-selective antitumor effect, with an increase of hepatic CXCR6<sup>+</sup> natural killer T (NKT) cells and heightened interferon-γ production upon antigen stimulation. In vivo functional studies showed that NKT cells mediated liver-selective tumor inhibition. NKT cell accumulation was regulated by CXCL16 expression of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which was controlled by gut microbiome-mediated primary-to-secondary bile acid conversion. Our study suggests a link between gut bacteria-controlled bile acid metabolism and liver antitumor immunosurveillance.
Cutting Edge: Maresin-1 Engages Regulatory T Cells To Limit Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation and Promote Resolution of Lung Inflammation (2014)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that fails to resolve. Recently, a key role for type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) was linked to asthma pathogenesis; however, mechanisms for ILC2 regulation remain to be determined. In this study, metabololipidomics of murine lungs identified temporal changes in endogenous maresin 1 (MaR1) during self-limited allergic inflammation. Exogenous MaR1 reduced lung inflammation and ILC2 expression of IL-5 and IL-13 and increased amphiregulin. MaR1 augmented de novo generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which interacted with ILC2s to markedly suppress cytokine production in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Ab-mediated depletion of Tregs interrupted MaR1 control of ILC2 expression of IL-13 in vivo. Together, the findings uncover Tregs as potent regulators of ILC2 activation; MaR1 targets Tregs and ILC2s to restrain allergic lung inflammation, suggesting MaR1 as the basis for a new proresolving therapeutic approach to asthma and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
Stabilization of battery electrodes using polymer coatings (2023)

An electrochemical device (e.g., a battery (cell)) including: an aqueous electrolyte and one or two electrodes (e.g., an anode and/or a cathode), one or both of which is a Prussian Blue analogue material of the general chemical formula A.sub.xP[R(CN).sub.6-jL.sub.j].sub.z.nH.sub.2O, where: A is a cation; P is a metal cation; R is a transition metal cation; L is a ligand that may be substituted in the place of a CN.sup.- ligand; 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.2; 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1; and 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.5, the electrode including a polymer coating to reduce capacity loss.
Scanning the Magnetic Field of Electro-Dynamic Transducers (2011)

The magnetic flux density in the magnetic gap and the geometry of the moving coil determine the force factor Bl which is an important parameter of the electro-dynamical transducer. The paper presents a new measurement technique for scanning the flux density B(z, φ) on a cylindrical surface within and outside the magnetic gap using a Hall sensor and robotics which moves the position of the sensor along vertical position z and angle φ. The results derived from the scanning process reveal the real B-field in the gap considering the fringe field and irregularities in the magnetization, which can initiate a rocking mode and rubbing of the voice coil at higher amplitudes. Using the geometry of the coil the static force factor Bl(x, i=0) can be calculated as a function of voice coil displacement x and compared to the dynamic force factor Bl(x,i>0) measured by dynamic system identification. Discrepancies between dynamic and static force factor characteristics are discussed and conclusions for loudspeaker design and manufacturing are derived.
Mechanism of the Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol on Polycrystalline Gold and Platinum Electrodes (2011)

Abstract This paper addresses the oxidation mechanism of glycerol on Au and Pt electrodes under different pH conditions. Intermediates and/or reaction products were detected by using an online high‐performance liquid chromatography technique (for soluble products) and online electrochemical mass spectrometry (for CO 2 ). In alkaline media, the main product of glycerol oxidation on the Pt electrode is glyceric acid produced via glyceraldehyde. Glyceric acid is the primary oxidation product on the Au electrode, which is further oxidized to glycolic acid and formic acid at high potentials (≥0.8 V), yielding high current densities. As the pH of the solution is lowered, the glycerol oxidation becomes significantly more sluggish on both Au and Pt electrodes, which results in glyceraldehyde being the main oxidation product under neutral conditions, especially on gold. In acidic solutions, only the Pt electrode shows catalytic activity with a relatively low conversion rate, mainly to glyceraldehyde. At positive potentials corresponding to the formation of a Pt surface oxide, the PtO x surface oxide catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde finally to formic acid and CO 2 , but only under acidic conditions. Gold catalyzes glycerol oxidation only under alkaline conditions, in contrast to a “real catalyst,” that is, platinum, which catalyzes glycerol oxidation over the entire pH range.
Modelling the Control of Cell Proliferation by An Anti-cancer Agent (2007)

A mathematical model has been developed which describes human cell growth in the presence of topotecan (TPT), an anti-cancer agent. Previously, a model was developed for the pharmacokinetics (PK) of TPT; this provided a description of the activity of TPT and the subsequent delivery of the active form to the nuclear DNA target. This model is described briefly in this paper. The development of a new pharmacodynamic (PD) model for cell growth, based on a well-known cell cycle model is then discussed. The linking of the PK model to the PD model is considered with respect to the modulation of cell growth. Our PK — PD model has good agreement with in vitro experimental data. In a clinical context, it is intended that the model will be used for discovering routes for drug resistance and eventually as a tool for improving drug treatments for patients.
How does laxity after single radius total knee arthroplasty compare with the native knee? (2014)

Patients with total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) continue to report dissatisfaction in functional outcome. Stability is a major factor contributing to functionality of TKAs. Implants with single-radius (SR) femoral components are proposed to increase stability throughout the arc of flexion. Using computer navigation and loaded cadaveric legs, we characterized the "envelope of laxity" (EoL) offered by a SR cruciate retaining (CR)-TKA compared with that of the native knee through the arc of flexion in terms of anterior drawer, varus/valgus stress, and internal/external rotation. In both the native knee and the TKA laxity increased with increasing knee flexion. Laxities measured in the three planes of motion were generally comparable between the native knee and TKA from 0° to 110° of flexion. Our results indicate that the SR CR-TKA offers appropriate stability in the absence of soft tissue deficiency.
Fixation of Skeletal Replacement by Fiber Metal Composites (1972)

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College, and Department of Materials Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago
Ultrastructural morphometry of anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments: An experimental study in rabbits (1992)

This study presents morphometric analyses of collagen subfascicle area fraction and collagen fibril diameter distributions for the anterior cruciate (ACL) and medial collateral (MCL) knee ligaments from transmission electron micrographs of ligament cross sections of five mature, female New Zealand White rabbits. Statistically significant differences in subfascicular area fractions were found between the ACL and MCL (0.89 +/- 0.02, 0.97 +/- 0.01, respectively; p less than 0.001). Mean fibril diameters for the ACL and MCL were also significantly different (0.059 +/- 0.005, 0.085 +/- 0.011 microns, respectively; p less than 0.025). Fibril eccentricity (a measure of parallel alignment of collagen fibrils within the ligaments, defined as the ratio of minor to major axes of elliptical fibril outlines) was 0.89 +/- 0.03 and 0.85 +/- 0.08, respectively, for the ACL and MCL; these data were not significantly different (p greater than 0.1). The relative amount of variation in the pooled fibril diameter data due to variation between animals, ligaments, locations within ligaments, and among fibrils at individual locations are reported. The variation of fibril diameter distributions between the ACL and MCL was substantially greater than the variation between different locations within each ligament cross section as well as between different animals. The structural differences reported may help explain known differences in the biomechanical properties of the ACL and MCL.
Recent Progress of Negative-tone Imaging Process and Materials with EUV Exposure (2015)

This study describes the recent progress of negative-tone imaging with EUV exposure (EUV-NTI) compared with positive-tone development (PTD). NTI uses organic solvent-based developer to provide low swelling and smooth- dissolving behavior. Therefore, EUV-NTI is expected to offer several advantages in terms of performance, especially for improving line-width roughness (LWR), which is expected to resolve the resolution, LWR, and sensitivity (RLS) trade-off. Herein, novel chemical amplified resist materials for EUV-NTI are investigated to improve LWR and sensitivity. Results indicate that the EUV-NTI has better performance than PTD, while maintaining the LWR performance. The novel high sensitivity formulation, with ‘single digit mJ/cm2 photo speed’, resolved 22-nm half pitch using NXE3100 scanner. Furthermore, EUV-NTI processing such as the pre-applied bake (PAB) temperature, post-exposure bake (PEB) temperature, development procedure, and rinse procedure are very effective for improving the lithographic performance. In addition, the lithographic performance with NXE3100 scanner is also reported..