gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sub-0.1 μ electron-beam lithography for nanostructure development (2000)

This article discusses those factors that lead to resolvability in e-beam lithography. The primary tool of study is the simplex method of linear optimization theory. Resist exposure characteristics can effectively be accounted for using a “minimum contrast” approach. The simplex exposure technique does not require exposure in the normally unexposed field. Feature linearity comparison experiments and boundary placement studies show measurable improvement with simplex when compared to dose scaling or feature boundary resizing. While computational tractability is a significant issue, the technique will rapidly assess whether small groups of features are resolvable. In addition, simplex points to general rules for applying dose modulation to different classes of features.
The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome (2022)

The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble because of its complex repeat structure including long palindromes, tandem repeats, and segmental duplications 1–3 . As a result, more than half of the Y chromosome is missing from the GRCh38 reference sequence and it remains the last human chromosome to be finished 4, 5 . Here, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium presents the complete 62,460,029 base pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference, revealing the complete ampliconic structures of TSPY , DAZ , and RBMY gene families; 41 additional protein-coding genes, mostly from the TSPY family; and an alternating pattern of human satellite 1 and 3 blocks in the heterochromatic Yq12 region. We have combined T2T-Y with a prior assembly of the CHM13 genome 4 and mapped available population variation, clinical variants, and functional genomics data to produce a complete and comprehensive reference sequence for all 24 human chromosomes.
Development of low-loss SMF with low-nonlinearity for next generation terrestrial transmission (2008)

Single mode fiber with low attenuation loss as 0.180 dB/km at 1550 nm with low splice loss has been developed for next generation terrestrial transmission. Its low nonlinearity could also make wideband, high-density transmission easier.
Proceedings, 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis '99) : October 24-29, 1999, San Francisco, California (1999)

The subjects covered in the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization include: understanding time dependent and evolving information; evaluation and design of visualization systems; investigating hierarchies and graphs; and techniques for broad-scope problems.
Stability of small pegs for cementless implant fixation (2017)

Most glenoid implants rely on large centrally located fixation features to avoid perforation of the glenoid vault in its peripheral regions. Upon revision of such components there may not be enough bone left for the reinsertion of an anatomical prosthesis. Multiple press-fit small pegs would allow for less bone resection and strong anchoring in the stiffer and denser peripheral subchondral bone. This study assessed the fixation characteristics, measured as the push-in (P<sub>in</sub> ) and pull-out (P<sub>out</sub> ) forces, and spring-back, measured as the elastic displacement immediately after insertion, for five different small press-fitted peg configurations manufactured out of UHMWPE cylinders (5 mm diameter and length). A total of 16 specimens for each configuration were tested in two types of solid bone substitute: Hard (40 PCF, 0.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup> , worst-case scenario of P<sub>in</sub> ) and soft (15 PCF, 0.24 g/cm<sup>3</sup> , worst-case scenario of spring-back and P<sub>out</sub> ). Two different diametric interference-fits were studied. Geometries with lower stiffness fins (large length to width aspect ratio) were the best performing designs in terms of primary fixation stability. They required the lowest force to fully seat, meaning they are less damaging to the bone during implantation, while providing the highest P<sub>out</sub> /P<sub>in</sub> ratio, indicating that when implanted they provide the strongest anchoring for the glenoid component. It is highlighted that drilling of chamfered holes could minimize spring-back displacements. These findings are relevant for the design of implants press-fitted pegs because primary fixation has been shown to be an important factor in achieving osseointegration and longevity of secondary fixation. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2765-2772, 2017.
Routing and Regenerator Planning in a Carrier’s Core ROADM Network (2017)

Optimizing routing and regenerator planning in a carrier’s inter-city ROADM network provides significant savings. We describe how regenerator site planning and regenerator pre-deployment can be optimized for an inter-city IP over optical network.
Highly Rechargeable Lithium‐CO2 Batteries with a Boron‐ and Nitrogen‐Codoped Holey‐Graphene Cathode (2017)

Abstract Metal‐air batteries, especially Li‐air batteries, have attracted significant research attention in the past decade. However, the electrochemical reactions between CO 2 (0.04 % in ambient air) with Li anode may lead to the irreversible formation of insulating Li 2 CO 3 , making the battery less rechargeable. To make the Li‐CO 2 batteries usable under ambient conditions, it is critical to develop highly efficient catalysts for the CO 2 reduction and evolution reactions and investigate the electrochemical behavior of Li‐CO 2 batteries. Here, we demonstrate a rechargeable Li‐CO 2 battery with a high reversibility by using B,N‐codoped holey graphene as a highly efficient catalyst for CO 2 reduction and evolution reactions. Benefiting from the unique porous holey nanostructure and high catalytic activity of the cathode, the as‐prepared Li‐CO 2 batteries exhibit high reversibility, low polarization, excellent rate performance, and superior long‐term cycling stability over 200 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g −1 . Our results open up new possibilities for the development of long‐term Li‐air batteries reusable under ambient conditions, and the utilization and storage of CO 2 .
Material State Monitoring using Embedded Sensors for Validating Models for Detecting Process-Induced Damages in Polymer Composites (2018)

Composite material cure recipes are based on manufacturer-recommended cure cycle inputs, which are developed as a result of various stochastic cure kinetics models during the development of resin formulation. The time, temperature, pressure, and vacuum integrity are inputs for autoclave cure, but none of them are direct measurements of the material state and have no direct correlation to viscoelastic characteristics or mechanical performance of the cured material. The proposed process development system includes autoclave controls that are modified so that the set points are controlled based on externally determined material state of the laminate in the autoclave, which is monitored remotely by a rheological measurements and a material state estimate based on the process and cure state models. With the proposed process-control architecture, material will be cured to achieve the desired viscoelastic and mechanical properties with minimizing the variability cause by the initial material state (ex., shelf- and out-life) by monitoring the rheological response and managing the autoclave temperature to achieve the desired cure state. It also directly measures the initial viscoelastic state, which is a measure of material performance at the point of production rather than arbitrarily constraining the process solely to a time-temperature history, in order to achieve an assumed cure state. Furthermore, the methodology can also be used for interrogating the manufacturing-induced defects of polymer composites in a controlled environment (discrepancy analysis) and link them to boundary conditions. The material-state database developed through validated process models brings about the virtual environment, where the actual boundary conditions can be interrogated during the cure, to ensure that the material achieves its optimal performance. The database approach alleviates using the computationally-heavy simulations (ex., fluid dynamics) for every cure cycle.
THERMODYNAMICS OF LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA INCLUDING THE CRITICAL REGION: BINARY AND TERNARY MIXTURES (1987)

To obtain good representation in the critical region, a semi-theoretical correction is added to a conventional expression (e.g.van Laar or NRTL) for the excess Gibbs energy of a binary or ternary system.This correction is an exponential function of a carefully defined distance from the critical point; it is apprecia~le in the critical region but not elsewhere.In the correction function, the pre-exponential factor is determined from stability considerations.In the exponential argument, two parameters are determined from theoretical scaling laws.While the coordinates of the critical point must be known (or estimated), no phase-equilibrium data in the critical region are required to determine parameters.The semi-classical method presented here provides an excellent continuous approximation for phase equilibria close to and remote from critical conditions.Further, the method allows simultaneous representation of VLE and LLE including the critical region.
An inkjet printed piezoresistive back-to-back graphene tactile sensor for endosurgical palpation applications (2017)

The paper presents a tactile sensor design mimicking human finger touch to differentiate tissue hardness for endosurgical palpation applications. The sensor comprises two inkjet-printed piezoresistive graphene-based sensing elements linked back-to-back for force and displacement detection, respectively. Experimental results indicate the sensor registers 2.1 and 5.3 mN force feedback from the fat and muscle tissues of pig, respectively, when pressed to the tissues with the same 100 μm displacement. This difference of ~2.5 times in force feedback provides a compelling method by which doctors can more intuitively perceive hardness and tissue differences during endosurgery in comparison with the prior arts.
INI1/SMARCB1 Rpt1 domain mimics TAR RNA in binding to integrase to facilitate HIV-1 replication (2021)

Abstract INI1/SMARCB1 binds to HIV-1 integrase (IN) through its Rpt1 domain and exhibits multifaceted role in HIV-1 replication. Determining the NMR structure of INI1-Rpt1 and modeling its interaction with the IN-C-terminal domain (IN-CTD) reveal that INI1-Rpt1/IN-CTD interface residues overlap with those required for IN/RNA interaction. Mutational analyses validate our model and indicate that the same IN residues are involved in both INI1 and RNA binding. INI1-Rpt1 and TAR RNA compete with each other for IN binding with similar IC 50 values. INI1-interaction-defective IN mutant viruses are impaired for incorporation of INI1 into virions and for particle morphogenesis. Computational modeling of IN-CTD/TAR complex indicates that the TAR interface phosphates overlap with negatively charged surface residues of INI1-Rpt1 in three-dimensional space, suggesting that INI1-Rpt1 domain structurally mimics TAR. This possible mimicry between INI1-Rpt1 and TAR explains the mechanism by which INI1/SMARCB1 influences HIV-1 late events and suggests additional strategies to inhibit HIV-1 replication.
Adapting phonetic decision trees between languages for continuous speech recognition (2000)

In a continuous speech recognition system it is important to model the context dependent variations in the pronunciations of phones. In this work we have attempted to build decision trees for modeling phonetic context-dependency in Hindi. The approach followed is to modify a decision tree built to model context-dependency in American English. The reason the decision trees turn out to be different are that the English and Hindi phoneme sets are not identical. Then even for identical phonemes, the context-dependency is different for the two languages. Linguistic-Phonetic knowledge of Hindi is used to modify the English phone set. Since the Hindi phone set being used is derived from the English phone set, the adaptation of the English tree to Hindi follows naturally. Though here the adaptation is from English to Hindi, the method may be applicable for adapting between any two languages. The decision tree is built using either Hindi data or English data labeled with the correct Hindi contexts. This procedure is discussed and the limitations of both the methods are described.
VAMOS: a SmallSat mission concept for remote sensing of Venusian seismic activity from orbit (2018)

The apparent youthfulness of Venus’ surface features, given a lack of plate tectonics, is very intriguing; however, longduration seismic observations are essentially impossible given the inhospitable surface of Venus. The Venus Airglow Measurements and Orbiter for Seismicity (VAMOS) mission concept uses the fact that the dense Venusian atmosphere conducts seismic vibrations from the surface to the airglow layer of the ionosphere, as observed on Earth. Similarly, atmospheric gravity waves have been observed by the European Venus Express’s Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) instrument. Such observations would enable VAMOS to determine the crustal structure and ionospheric variability of Venus without approaching the surface or atmosphere. Equipped with an instrument of modest size and mass, the baseline VAMOS spacecraft is designed to fit within an ESPA Grande form factor and travel to Venus predominantly under its own power. Trade studies have been conducted to determine mission architecture robustness to launch and rideshare opportunities. The VAMOS mission concept was studied at JPL as part of the NASA Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies (PSDS3) program, which has not only produced a viable and exciting mission concept for a Venus SmallSat, but has also examined many issues facing the development of SmallSats for planetary exploration, such as SmallSat solar electric propulsion, autonomy, telecommunications, and resource management that can be applied to various inner solar system mission architectures.
Calcium-Dependent and -Independent Interfacial Binding and Catalysis of Cytosolic Group IV Phospholipase A2 (1998)

Cytosolic group IV phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) plays a role in liberating arachidonic acid from the sn-2 position of mammalian cellular phospholipids. The enzyme consists of a catalytic domain joined to an N-terminal calcium-dependent, membrane binding domain (C2 domain). The interfacial binding properties of the full-length, nonphosphorylated enzyme and its C2 domain to phospholipid vesicles were studied as a function of vesicle phospholipid composition and calcium concentration. The binding of cPLA2 to phosphatidylcholine vesicles is mostly governed by its C2 domain; binding is relatively weak, and calcium enhances binding and interfacial catalysis by about 10-fold. Catalytically productive interfacial binding was measured by monitoring the increase in the rate of cPLA2-catalyzed hydrolysis of a fluorimetric substrate present in vesicles as a function of bulk vesicle concentration. Enzyme-vesicle binding was also measured by fluorescence as was enzyme-calcium binding. Compared to zwitterionic vesicles, cPLA2 binding to anionic phosphatidylmethanol vesicles is of higher affinity and calcium-independent, although calcium is required for the binding of the C2 domain to these anionic vesicles. cPLA2 is fully catalytically active on phosphatidylmethanol vesicles in the absence of calcium. Phosphatidylserine is not a good replacement for phosphatidylmethanol for inducing high-affinity, calcium-independent binding of cPLA2. These results reveal two modes of catalytically productive interfacial binding of cPLA2: calcium-dependent anchoring via the C2 domain and a calcium-independent component involving a phosphatidylmethanol recognition element in the catalytic domain. They also show that membrane binding of cPLA2 is not, in general, predicted by the interfacial binding properties of its C2 domain.
P‐129: Comprehensive Analysis of Luminous Decay Curves for Accelerated Lifetime Testing of OLEDs (2015)

We analyzed luminous degradation curves with the stretched‐exponential decay function to develop a lifetime prediction method. By using the proposed method, we succeeded in evaluating the lifetimes of several OLEDs on the basis of limited data sets obtained in a short test time.
Compression of 2D navigation sequences with rotational and translational motion (2012)

In-car navigation systems have grown in complexity over the recent years, most notably in terms of route calculation, usability and graphical rendering. In order to guarantee correct system behavior, navigation systems need to be tested under real operating conditions, i.e. with field-tests on the road. In this paper, we will focus on a fast compression solution for 2D navigation renderings, so that field-tests can be archived and handed over to software engineers for subsequent evaluation. No parameters from the rendering procedure are available since access to the system is limited to the raw display signal. Rotation is a dominant factor throughout all navigation sequences, so we show how to reconstruct rotational motion parameters with high accuracy and develop a Global Motion Estimation (GME) method as support for a subsequent H.264/AVC video encoder. By integrating ratedistortion optimization concepts into our scheme, we can efficiently omit the segmentation of static and non-static areas. The runtime of the compression solution, which achieves bitrate savings of up to 19.5%, is evaluated both on a laptop CPU and an embedded OMAP4430 system on chip.
Exploring Neural Cell Dynamics with Digital Holographic Microscopy (2013)

This paper describes how digital holographic microscopy, as a powerful quantitative phase technique, can non-invasively measure cell dynamics and especially resolve local neuronal network activity by performing simultaneous multiple site optical recording.
Enhancing the Network Sum-Rate without Sharing Channel State Information between Base Stations (2010)

We consider the downlink of a cellular wireless network where the base stations are equipped with multiple transmit antennas and operate in the same frequency band. Each base station serves one user per orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) sub-carrier by means of spatial precoding. Due to temporal scheduling, the active users change rapidly in time and consequently, intercell interference becomes non-stationary limiting the achievable network sum-rate. Under the assumption of perfect channel knowledge at each base station, we optimize both precoding and scheduling in order to maximize the achievable network sum-rate. The solution, however, unveils that both precoding and scheduling can be performed locally at each base station without the need for CSI to be exchanged between base stations if they are solely based on average channel measurements.
Analysis of the “3-Omega” method for substrates and thick films of anisotropic thermal conductivity (2012)

The heat equation in an anisotropic material under sinusoidal excitation is solved in cylindrical-polar coordinates for the geometry conventionally used in the measurement of thermal conductivity by the “3-Omega” method. Although the solution can be carried out in Cartesian coordinates using Fourier transforms, the inverse transforms have to be evaluated numerically. The current method allows us to make contact with, and extend, the analytical results of Cahill and Pohl for isotropic substrates. We find that the 3-Omega method experiment, if performed conventionally, measures the average thermal conductivity in the in-plane and cross-plane directions, for modest anisotropies. An alternate geometry with separate heater and thermometer lines is explored, where the temperature of the thermometer is expected on physical grounds to be selectively sensitive to the in-plane thermal conductivity. The selectivity is quantified using the analytic forms derived for the temperature profile, and the results are verified by finite element method simulations.
10 nm-deep n+/p and p+/n Ge junctions with high activation formed by ion implantation and Flash Lamp Annealing (FLA) (2016)

In this paper, we report on the formation of shallow junctions with high activation in both n+/p and p+/n Ge junctions using ion implantation and Flash Lamp Annealing (FLA). The shallowest junction depths formed for the n+/p and p+/n junctions were 9.5 nm and 10.7 nm with sheet resistances of 620 ohms/sq. and 414 ohms/sq., respectively. Additionally, by reducing knocked-on oxygen during ion implantation, the sheet resistance was decreased by 5 to 15%. The lowest sheet resistance was 235 ohms/sq. with a junction depth of 21.5 nm in the n+/p Ge. These results indicate that the potential for forming ultra-shallow n+/p and p+/n junctions in the nanometer range in Ge devices using FLA is very high, leading to realistic monolithically-integrated Ge CMOS devices.
Studies of gauge boson pair production and trilinear couplings (1997)

The gauge boson pair production processes $W\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\mathrm{WW}$, $\mathrm{WZ}$, and $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}$ were studied using $p\overline{p}$ collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately $14 {\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV. Analysis of $W\ensuremath{\gamma}$ production with subsequent $W$ boson decay to $\mathcal{l}\ensuremath{\nu}$ $(\mathcal{l}=e,\ensuremath{\mu})$ is reported, including a fit to the ${p}_{T}$ spectrum of the photons which leads to limits on anomalous $\mathrm{WW}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ couplings. A search for $\mathrm{WW}$ production with subsequent decay to $\mathcal{l}\mathcal{l}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ $(\mathcal{l}=e,\ensuremath{\mu})$ is presented, leading to an upper limit on the $\mathrm{WW}$ production cross section and limits on anomalous $\mathrm{WW}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{WWZ}$ couplings. A search for high ${p}_{T}$ $W$ bosons in $\mathrm{WW}$ and $\mathrm{WZ}$ production is described, where one $W$ boson decays to an electron and a neutrino and the second $W$ boson or the $Z$ boson decays to two jets. A maximum likelihood fit to the ${p}_{T}$ spectrum of $W$ bosons resulted in limits on anomalous $\mathrm{WW}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{WWZ}$ couplings. A combined fit to the three data sets which provided the tightest limits on anomalous $\mathrm{WW}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\mathrm{WWZ}$ couplings is also described. Limits on anomalous $\mathrm{ZZ}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ couplings are presented from an analysis of the photon ${E}_{T}$ spectrum in $Z\ensuremath{\gamma}$ events in the decay channels $(ee, \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}, \mathrm{and}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\nu})$ of the $Z$ boson.