gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunneling Magnetoresistance and Spin-Dependent Diode Performance in Fully Epitaxial Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Rock-salt Type ZnO/MgO (2019)

We fabricate fully epitaxial Fe/ZnO/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a bilayer tunnel barrier, in which ZnO has a metastable rock-salt crystal structure. We observe a high magnetoresistance ratio up to 96% at room temperature (RT) and find that these MTJs have asymmetric current-voltage characteristics, and their rectifying performances are largely dependent on the magnetization alignments of the Fe electrodes. Diode responsibilities at a zero-bias voltage ($β_{0}$), which is an important performance index for harvesting applications, are observed up to 1.3 A/W at RT in the antiparallel alignment of the magnetizations while maintaining rather low resistance-area (RA) products (a few tens of k${Ωμ}$m$^2$). Even with the same top and bottom electrodes (Fe), the obtained $β_{0}$ values are comparable to those of reported high-performance tunnel diodes consisting of amorphous bilayer tunnel barriers with polycrystalline dissimilar electrodes. This strongly suggests that the epitaxial ZnO/MgO bilayer tunnel barrier is effective for enhancing the $β_{0}$ without significant increase in the RA. In addition, we demonstrate that a zero-bias anomaly in thetunnel conductance, which originates from the magnon excitations at the Fe/barrier interfaces, plays a crucial role in observed spin-dependent diode performance. The results indicate that a fully epitaxial MTJ with a bilayer tunnel barrier is a promising candidate to establish a high-performance high-frequency rectifying system.
Catalysis by Gold(I) and Gold(III): A Parallelism between Homo‐ and Heterogeneous Catalysts for Copper‐Free Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions (2007)

Null, eins oder drei? Die Rolle von Au0-, AuI- und AuIII-Zentren im Heterogenkatalysator Au/CeO2 wurde anhand der kupferfreien Sonogashira-Kreuzkupplung von Iodbenzol und Phenylacetylen untersucht (siehe Bild). Heterogen- und homogenkatalytische Reaktionen mit definierten Au0-, AuI- und AuIII-Verbindungen entlarvten AuI als aktive Spezies bei der Kreuzkupplung.
Determination of human blood glucose levels using microchip electrophoresis (2007)

A high-performance monitoring system for human blood glucose levels was developed using microchip electrophoresis with a plastic chip. The combination of reductive amination as glucose labeling with fluorescent 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and glucose-borate complex formation realized the highly selective detection of glucose even in a complex matrix such as a blood sample. The migration time of a single peak, observed on an electropherogram of AMAC-labeled plasma, closely resembled that of glucose standard solution. The treatment of plasma with hexokinase or glucokinase for glucose phosphorylation resulted in a peak shift from approximately 145 to 70 s, corresponding to glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, respectively. A double-logarithm plot revealed a linear relationship between glucose concentration and fluorescence intensity in the range of 1-300 microM of glucose (r(2) = 0.9963; p <0.01), and the detection limit was 0.92 microM. Furthermore, blood glucose concentrations estimated from the standard curves of three subjects were compared with results obtained by conventional colorimetric analysis using glucose dehydrogenase. Good correlation was observed between methods according to simple linear regression analysis (p <0.05). The reproducibility of the assay was about 6.3-9.1% (RSD) and the within-days and between-days reproducibility were 1.6-8.4 and 5.2-7.2%, respectively. This system enables us to determine blood glucose with high sensitivity and accuracy, and will be applicable to clinical diagnosis.
MoonShake: A Future Lunar Seismic Network Delivered by Penetrators (2021)

Whitepaper #219 submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032. Topics: interior evolution and volcanism; Mercury and/or the Moon; solar system formation, dynamics processes, and chronology
Crosstalk between signals initiated from TLR4 and cell surface BAFF results in synergistic induction of proinflammatory mediators in THP-1 cells (2017)

Cellular response to stimulation is mediated by meshwork of signaling pathways that may share common signaling adaptors. Here, we present data demonstrating that signaling pathways initiated from the membrane-bound form of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) can crosstalk with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signaling for synergistic expression of proinflammatory mediators in the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1. Co-treatment of the cells with BAFF-specific monoclonal antibody and LPS resulted in enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK)-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 subunit (Ser276), which then interacts with CREB binding protein (CBP) for subsequent acetylation. Simultaneously, the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) was enhanced through the combined action of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and MAPK/MSK pathways, and the resulting phospho-CREB interacted with the NF-κB/CBP complex. Transfection of CREB-specific siRNA inhibited the BAFF-mediated enhancing effect indicating that the formation of the CREB/NF-κB/CBP complex is required for the synergistic induction of the proinflammatory genes. These findings indicate that BAFF-mediated reverse signaling can modulate LPS-induced inflammatory activation through regulation of NF-κB and CREB activity and point out the necessity to re-evaluate the role of BAFF in diseases where its expression is high in macrophages.
Retos en la industria de procesamiento de plásticos y compuestos (2012)

"La industria de los plásticos actualmente se enfrenta a una variedad de retos relacionados con sostenibilidad, calidad y eficiencia de procesos. La demanda de producción a gran escala e implementación de nuevas tecnologías a nivel industrial requiere avances en herramientas de modelado y simulación de procesos para la solución de problemas y superación de retos actuales. Este trabajo presenta tres casos prácticos en la industria de plásticos donde el modelado y simulación en el procesamiento representan un papel fundamental en la evaluación y disponibilidad de nuevas tecnologías."
Modeling Stem Cell Population Growth: Incorporating Terms for Proliferative Heterogeneity (2003)

Expansion of the undifferentiated stem cell phenotype is one of the most challenging aspects in stem cell research. Clinical protocols for stem cell therapeutics will require standardization of defined culture conditions. A first step in the development of predictable and reproducible, scalable bioreactor processes is the development of mathematical growth models. This paper provides practical models for describing cell growth in general, which are particularly well suited for examining stem cell populations. The nonexponential kinetics of stem cells derive from proliferative heterogeneity, which is biologically recognized as mitosis, quiescence, senescence, differentiation, or death. Here, we examined the assumptions of the Sherley model, which describes heterogeneous expansion in the absence of cell loss. We next incorporated terms into the model to account for A) cell loss or apoptosis and B) cell differentiation. We conclude that the basic assumptions of the model are valid and a high correlation between the modified equations and experimental data obtained using muscle-derived stem cells was observed. Finally, we demonstrate an improved estimation of the kinetic parameters. This study contributes to both the biological and mathematical understanding of stem cell dynamics. Further, it is expected that the models will prove useful in establishing standardization of cell culture conditions and scalable systems and will be required to develop clinical protocols for stem cell therapeutics.
Tightly confining magnetic waveguides for atoms (2003)

Summary form only given. Recently, there has been much interest in the physics of neutral atoms tightly confined in one or more dimensions. Simultaneously, there has been continued interest in waveguides for atoms. In this work, we present a linear magnetic waveguide for atoms capable of tight transverse confinement, such that transverse energy level spacings are on the order of the temperature of convenient atomic sources.
Direct synthesis of Z-alkenyl halides through catalytic cross-metathesis (2016)

Olefin metathesis has had a large impact on modern organic chemistry, but important shortcomings remain: for example, the lack of efficient processes that can be used to generate acyclic alkenyl halides. Halo-substituted ruthenium carbene complexes decompose rapidly or deliver low activity and/or minimal stereoselectivity, and our understanding of the corresponding high-oxidation-state systems is limited. Here we show that previously unknown halo-substituted molybdenum alkylidene species are exceptionally reactive and are able to participate in high-yielding olefin metathesis reactions that afford acyclic 1,2-disubstituted Z-alkenyl halides. Transformations are promoted by small amounts of a catalyst that is generated in situ and used with unpurified, commercially available and easy-to-handle liquid 1,2-dihaloethene reagents, and proceed to high conversion at ambient temperature within four hours. We obtain many alkenyl chlorides, bromides and fluorides in up to 91 per cent yield and complete Z selectivity. This method can be used to synthesize biologically active compounds readily and to perform site- and stereoselective fluorination of complex organic molecules.
Substrate metabolism during basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions in adolescents and young‐adults with Barth syndrome (2012)

Whole-body fatty acid, glucose and amino acid metabolism kinetics when expressed per unit of body composition are altered and appear to be related to cardioskeletal myopathy in humans with BTHS. Further studies examining myocardial substrate metabolism and whole-body substrate metabolism during increased energy demands (e.g., exercise) and their relationships to skeletal and cardiac function are recommended.
Cover Picture: Three Dimensional Characterization of Unmodified and Sr‐Modified Al‐Si Eutectics by FIB and FIB EDX Tomography (Adv. Eng. Mater. 8/2006) (2006)

Abstract The cover shows the 3D‐morphology of the eutectic Si phase in an unmodified AlSi12‐alloy. These 3D‐structures were reconstructed by means of a new Focused Ion Beam Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FIB‐EDX) method. More about the study of the three‐dimensional morphology of different eutectic architectures of unmodified and Sr‐modified AlSi‐alloys can be found in the article by F. Lasagni et al. on page 719.
π…π interactions of flavins, 5. Syntheses, structures and physical properties of flavin systems with covalent bonding to π donors and π acceptors (quinones) (1995)

Abstract To study π…︁π interactions of flavins of different redox states with π‐electron donors and acceptors, the syntheses of compounds in which such π systems are linked to flavins by using the „cyclophane concept”︁ were attempted and partially achieved. The syntheses of the metacyclo‐isoalloxazinophanes 1 and 2 are reported as well as the X‐ray structure analysis of 2. The conversion of 1 or 2 to the benzoquinono‐isoalloxazinophanes 3 or 4 , respectively, was not achieved, obviously due to the specific sterical shielding of the methoxy groups in the isoalloxazinophanes. Benzoquinone‐isoalloxazine systems in which the two components are linked by only one triethylene chain were obtained. Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties related to intramolecular interactions are reported.
AFM investigation of the aggregation behavior of Alzheimer's disease A&#x03B2; peptides (2012)

Amyoid peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 are directly related to the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. More specifically small alterations in the ratio Aβ42:Aβ40 have been shown to influence dramatically the synaptic function in vitro and in vivo. In this study we use Atomic Force Microscopy to investigate the morphology of the species formed during aggregation at different moments in time. In agreement with literature data, we found that a small increase of this ratio appears to delay the fibrilization process. Moreover, in the case of the Aβ42, known to be more pathogenic than Aβ40, small oligomers seem to coexist with higher molecular weight species from very early to very late moments in time. This suggests the continuous presence of intermediates that might have a synapto-toxic effect.
Tears of the Subscapularis Tendon (2017)

➢ With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy, the diagnosis and treatment of subscapularis tendon tears have been increasingly reported. ➢ The patient history and physical examination findings are important to heighten the suspicion of a subscapularis tendon tear and to distinguish acute traumatic tears from degenerative tears. ➢ While nonoperative treatment is the primary option for subscapularis tendon tears, surgery may be considered for acute traumatic tears and tears for which nonoperative treatment has failed. ➢ Both open and arthroscopic subscapularis tendon repairs have provided good clinical outcomes. ➢ For arthroscopic repair, maximizing visualization is paramount to recognizing the subscapularis tendon tear and allowing anatomical repair.
NANOCRYSTAL HYBRIDIZED WHITE LIGHT SOURCES INTEGRATED ON NEAR UV LEDS (2007)

We report on CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystal (NC) based white light sources integrated on near-UV InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs). We present the design, epitaxial growth, fabrication, integration and characterization of such hybrid NC-LEDs that incorporate the dual combinations of cyan and yellow nanocrystals (λPL=500-580 nm) and the trio combinations of cyan, green, and red nanocrystals (λPL=500-540-620 nm).
ChemInform Abstract: A MILD REDUCTIVE CONVERSION OF OXIMES TO KETONES (1984)

Abstract Aus den Oxirnen (I) erhält man durch Behandeln mit H, /Ra‐Ni in Gegenwart von Wasser und Borsäure das entsprechende Keton (II).
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1-Alkyl-N-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide Derivatives as Novel Antihypertensive Agents (2011)

We synthesized and evaluated inhibitory activity against T-type Ca(2+) channels for a series of 1-alkyl-N-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide derivatives. Structure-activity relationship studies have revealed that the isopropyl substituent at the benzylic position plays an important role in exerting potent inhibitory activity, and the absolute configuration of the benzylic position was found to be opposite that of mibefradil, which was first launched as a new class of T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker. Oral administration of N-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-1-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide (17f) lowered blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats without inducing reflex tachycardia, an adverse effect often caused by traditional L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers.
αB-Crystallin: A Novel Regulator of Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Brain (2013)

αB-crystallin is a novel regulator of brain metastasis in TNBC and represents a potential biomarker and drug target for this aggressive disease.
Platelet serotonin uptake in patients suffering from pancreatic carcinoma, chronic physical disease and depression (1993)

Summary Serotonin uptake by platelets was determined in 11 patients suffering from carcinoma of the pancreas, eleven patients hospitalized for chronic physical disease, 19 patients suffering from major depression unipolar type, and 19 healthy volunteers. The V max values of serotonin uptake were significantly lower in patients suffering from carcinoma of the pancreas ( F = 18.6, df = 28, Ρ &lt; 0.001) and chronic physical disease ( F = 21.3, df = 28, Ρ &lt; 0.0001) than in healthy volunteers. The V max values of the depressed patients were also significantly lower ( F = 4.27, df = 36, Ρ &lt; 0.05) than those in the control group. No difference was found between the carcinomatous and the chronically ill patients. Km values of serotonin uptake by platelets were significantly decreased in both groups of patients with organic disease ( F = 5.91, df = 28, Ρ &lt; 0.025; F = 4.44, df = 28, Ρ &lt; 0.045 respectively) as compared to the control group, but were similar in the depressed and the control groups ( F = 0.42, df = 20, P = 0.52). Since the patients with chronic disease were chronically medicated, the decreased serotonin uptake may not be disease-dependent but rather associated with medication. However, the carcinomatous patients were drug-free and in this group the decreased uptake and serotonin transporter hypersensitivity may have been disease-dependent. These results suggest the involvement of the presynaptic serotonergic system in the susceptibility of pancreatic carcinomatous patients to prodromal depression.
Dynamic Response of Stereoblock Elastomeric Polypropylene Studied by Rheooptics and X-ray Scattering. 2. Orthogonally Oriented Crystalline Chains (2002)

A combination of tensile stress, rheooptical birefringence, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was used to probe the dynamic response of the low-tacticity ether-soluble (ES) fraction of elastomeric polypropylene (ePP) derived from metallocene 2-arylindene hafnium catalyst. The ES fraction has isotactic pentad distribution [mmmm] = 21% and a very low amount of crystallinity (≤2% by differential scanning calorimetry and WAXS). In tensile stretching and step-strain shearing, ES exhibits unusual deformation behavior of crystalline chains preferentially oriented orthogonal relative to the deformation axis. Under deformation, WAXS shows arcing along the meridian axis at a scattering angle 2θ = 16.0° (d = 0.551 ± 0.002 nm) which coincides with one of the characteristic reflections of the β-form, but the higher order reflection for the β-form at 2θ = 21.3° is not observed. The meridional arcing, which signifies crystallization of the low-tacticity fraction of ePP, is also observed when ES is blended with higher-tacticity fractions of ePP. The meridional arcing, however, is observed at 2θ = 14.0°, corresponding to (110) reflection of the α-form, instead of at 2θ = 16.0° for the neat ES. The crystallization in the α-form offers evidence of cocrystallization of the ES fraction with the higher-tacticity components in the same crystalline form as the host matrix. We believe that the cocrystallization occurs through an epitaxial growth in the ac-faces of the α-form.
Two color fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and total internal reflection FCS (2007)

LOB
Silicon-Chip-Based Single-Shot Ultrafast Optical Oscilloscope (2008)

We demonstrate a single-shot ultrafast optical oscilloscope using a four-wave-mixing-based parametric time-lens integrated on a CMOS-compatible silicon photonic chip. We experimentally demonstrate measurement with a 100-ps record length and 220-fs resolution.
Treatment Tone Spacing and Acute Effects of Acoustic Coordinated Reset Stimulation in Tinnitus Patients (2021)

Acoustic coordinated reset (aCR) therapy for tinnitus aims to desynchronize neuronal populations in the auditory cortex that exhibit pathologically increased coincident firing. The original therapeutic paradigm involves fixed spacing of four low-intensity tones centered around the frequency of a tone matching the tinnitus pitch, <i>f</i> <sub><i>T</i></sub> , but it is unknown whether these tones are optimally spaced for induction of desynchronization. Computational and animal studies suggest that stimulus amplitude, and relatedly, spatial stimulation profiles, of coordinated reset pulses can have a major impact on the degree of desynchronization achievable. In this study, we transform the tone spacing of aCR into a scale that takes into account the frequency selectivity of the auditory system at each therapeutic tone's center frequency via a measure called the gap index. Higher gap indices are indicative of more loosely spaced aCR tones. The gap index was found to be a significant predictor of symptomatic improvement, with larger gap indices, i.e., more loosely spaced aCR tones, resulting in reduction of tinnitus loudness and annoyance scores in the acute stimulation setting. A notable limitation of this study is the intimate relationship of hearing impairment with the gap index. Particularly, the shape of the audiogram in the vicinity of the tinnitus frequency can have a major impact on tone spacing. However, based on our findings we suggest hypotheses-based experimental protocols that may help to disentangle the impact of hearing loss and tone spacing on clinical outcome, to assess the electrophysiologic correlates of clinical improvement, and to elucidate the effects following chronic rather than acute stimulation.
A multicenter, open-label trial of ganaxolone in children with PCDH19 epilepsy (P5.236) (2017)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganaxolone for uncontrolled seizures in children with PCDH19 epilepsy
Giant dielectric constant in TiO2/Al2O3 nanolaminates grown on doped silicon substrate by pulsed laser deposition (2014)

High quality amorphous nanolaminates by means of alternate Al2O3 and TiO2 oxide sublayers were grown with atomic scale thickness control by pulsed laser deposition. A giant dielectric constant (&amp;gt;10 000), strongly enhanced compared to the value of either Al2O3 or TiO2 or their solid solution, was observed. The dependence of the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss on the individual layer thickness of each of the constituting materials was investigated between 0.3 nm and 1 nm, in order to understand the prevailing mechanisms and allow for an optimization of the performances. An impedance study confirmed as the key source of the giant dielectric constant a Maxwell–Wagner type dielectric relaxation, caused by space charge polarization in the nanolaminate structure. The current work provides better insight of nanolaminates and their sublayer thickness engineering for potential applications.
Extended Gray–Wyner System With Complementary Causal Side Information (2017)

We establish the rate region of an extended Gray-Wyner system (EGW) for 2-DMS (X, Y) with two additional decoders having complementary causal side information. We show that the 5-D rate region of the EGW system is equivalent to the 3-D mutual information region consisting of the set of all triples of the form (I(X; U), I(Y; U), I(X, Y; U)) for some pU|X,Y. This correspondence greatly simplifies the exploration of the the extreme points of the rate region. In addition to the operationally significant extreme points of the original Gray-Wyner rate region, which include Wyner's common information, Gács-Körner common information, and the information bottleneck, the extreme points of the rate region for the EGW system also include the Körner graph entropy, the privacy funnel and excess functional information, as well as three new quantities of potential interest. We further show that projections of the mutual information region yield the rate regions for many settings involving a two discrete memoryless source (2-DMS), including lossless source coding with causal side information, distributed channel synthesis, and lossless source coding with a helper. To further motivate the mutual information region itself, we draw analogies between set operations and its extreme points. This allows us to find random variables that can be considered as intersection, difference, and symmetric difference of two random variables. Finally, we establish the rate regions for two related setups to the EGW system, namely, the noncausal EGW system and the lossy EGW system.