gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Ultra-short Columns for Therapeutic Protein Separations, Part 2: Designing the Optimal Column Dimension for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (2020)

In the first part of the series, it was demonstrated that very fast (<30 s) separations of therapeutic protein species are feasible using ultra-short (5 × 2.1 mm) columns. In the second part, our purpose was to find the appropriate column length; therefore, a systematic study was performed using various custom-made prototype reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) columns ranging from 2 to 50 mm lengths. It was found that on a low dispersion ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography instrument, columns between 10 and 20 mm were most effective when made with 2.1 mm i.d. tubing. However, with the same LC instrument, 3 mm i.d. columns as short as ∼5 to 10 mm could be effectively used. In both cases, it has been found to be best to keep injection volumes below 0.6 μL, which presents a potential limit to further decreasing column length, given the current capabilities of autosampler instrumentation. The additional volume of the column hardware outside of the packed bed (extra-bed volume) of very small columns is also a limiting factor to decrease the column length. For columns shorter than 10 mm, columns' extra-bed volume was seen to make considerable contributions to band broadening. However, the use of ultra-short columns seemed to be a very useful approach for RPLC of large proteins (>25 kDa) and could also work well for ∼12 kDa as the lowest limit of molecular mass. In summary, a renewed interest in the use of ultra-short columns is warranted, and additional method development will be to the benefit of the biopharmaceutical industry as there is an ever-increasing demand for faster, yet accurate assays (<i>e.g.</i>, high-throughput screening) of proteins.
Electric-Field Programmable Spin Arrays for Scalable Quantum Repeaters (2022)

We introduce an electric-field programmable spin array (FPSA) for scalable quantum repeaters. We analyze the FPSA scheme for arrays of nitrogen vacancy color centers in a slow-light diamond waveguide.
Polynuclear complexes of Ru(II) based on the octadentate ligand 5,5"-bis(2-pyridyl)-3,3"-bis(1,2,4-triazole) (BPBT-H2): synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical properties (1996)

Reference LPI-ARTICLE-1996-010View record in Web of Science Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2016-08-08
29-Channel receive-only dense dipole head array for 7T MRI (2017)

A 29-channel receive-only dense dipole head array for 7T MRI was built, methods for isolating the coil elements from each other and detuning each coil element during transmit was explored, and its performance was evaluated and compared with a commercial 24ch head array (Nova Medical. Wilmington, MA).
Optical detection of harmonic oscillations in fluorescent dye-loaded microbubbles ensonified by ultrasound (2015)

A new optical contrast agent has been developed by exposing dye-loaded microbubbles to a rapidly-cooled thermal treatment to homogenize the dye distribution across the surface. Ultrasound causes these microbubbles to oscillate in size which changes the self-quenching efficiency of the dye molecules creating a "blinking" signal. We demonstrate for the first time that these microbubbles can reproducibly generate second, third, and even fourth harmonic fluorescence intensity modulations, in addition to the fundamental frequency of the driving ultrasound. Detecting these harmonic signals could produce a higher signal-to-noise ratio for fluorescence imaging in medical applications by allowing fundamental frequency interference and artifacts to be filtered out.
An Efficient and Economical Synthesis of 5,6-Diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-amine Hydrochloride (2005)

An efficient and economical synthesis of 5,6-diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-amine hydrochloride (1) utilizing 2-aminoindan as a cheap and commercially readily available starting material is described. The newly developed synthesis involves six-steps with 49% overall yield, and it introduces two ethyl groups at the 5- and 6-positions via sequential regioselective Friedel−Crafts acetylations and hydrogenations of N-protected-2-aminoindan. The Friedel−Crafts acetylations can be carried out neat with high regioselectivity using acetyl chloride as the reagent as well as the solvent, thus avoiding the use of halogenated solvents.
NAALADase (GCP II) inhibitors protect in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (2002)

Chronic glutamate toxicity is implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. The neuropeptide N‐acetyl‐aspartyl glutamate (NAAG) appears to function both as a storage form for glutamate and as a neuromodulator at glutamatergic synapses. Catabolism of NAAG by N‐acetylated‐α‐linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase; also termed glutamate carboxypeptidase II), yields N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) and glutamate. Since prior studies demonstrate an up‐regulation of NAALADase in motor cortex and increased levels of NAA and glutamate in the CSF of ALS patients, we hypothesized that inhibition of NAALADase could protect against neuronal degeneration in ALS. Neuroprotective effects of two NAALADase inhibitors were assessed. 2‐(Phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (2‐PMPA) decreased motor neuron loss and prevented loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in an in vitro model of ALS wherein chronic glutamate toxicity was induced by blocking glutamate transport. Gross morphology was preserved in 2‐PMPA‐treated cultures. In a SOD‐1 transgenic mouse model of ALS, oral administration of a structurally different NAALADase inhibitor (GPI 5693) increased survival by 29 days and delayed onset of clinical symptoms by 17 days. Preliminary analysis of spinal cord pathology revealed severe neuronal depletion and astrocytosis with white matter changes in control mice. In mice treated with GPI 5693, normal neuronal populations with modest vacuolar changes were observed. These data suggest that NAALADase inhibition may provide an exciting therapeutic approach to the devastating disease, ALS.
Prenyl Alcohol Production by Expression of Exogenous Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase and Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Genes inEscherichia coli (2009)

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (idi) and farnesyl diphosphate synthase (ispA) genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting transformant showed 6.8-fold higher production of farnesol (389 microg/l). In a similar manner, overexpression of idi and mutated ispA led to high production of geranylgeraniol (128 microg/l).
Process Characterization (2009)

No AccessPlastics Manufacturing Systems EngineeringJun 2009Process CharacterizationDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446430143.011SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2009Pages: 321-352Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42014-4eISBN: 978-3-446-43014-3 Copyright & Permissions© 2009 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Trap States, Electric Fields, and Phase Segregation in Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices (2020)

Abstract Mixed‐halide perovskites are essential for use in all‐perovskite or perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells due to their tunable bandgap. However, trap states and halide segregation currently present the two main challenges for efficient mixed‐halide perovskite technologies. Here photoluminescence techniques are used to study trap states and halide segregation in full mixed‐halide perovskite photovoltaic devices. This work identifies three distinct defect species in the perovskite material: a charged, mobile defect that traps charge‐carriers in the perovskite, a charge‐neutral defect that induces halide segregation, and a charged, mobile defect that screens the perovskite from external electric fields. These three defects are proposed to be MA + interstitials, crystal distortions, and halide vacancies and/or interstitials, respectively. Finally, external quantum efficiency measurements show that photoexcited charge‐carriers can be extracted from the iodide‐rich low‐bandgap regions of the phase‐segregated perovskite formed under illumination, suggesting the existence of charge‐carrier percolation pathways through grain boundaries where phase‐segregation may occur.
Implementation of an 802.1x supplicant for internet telephony (2005)

To prevent unauthorized devices from accessing private Local Area Networks (LANs), the IEEE 802.1 X standard combined with the related Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC specification, the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), provide an access control mechanism for IEEE 802 LANs. EAP-enabled networks allow administrators to ensure that devices such as PCs and IP phones are authorized and authenticated to access the enterprise's LAN environment. These devices are also known as supplicants in 802.1 X terminology. This is a report on the implementation of an 802.1X supplicant for the BCM91101 reference IP phone platform at Broadcom Canada Ltd. This report includes a study of the 802.1 X framework and the EAP, as well as a review of the supplicant software development process including design, implementation and testing. The test results indicate that the implemented supplicant software consumes 983kB with the EAP-TLS method and 61kB with the EAP-MD5 method, with negligible CPU usage.
A Microrobotic Adherent Cell Injection System for Investigating Intracellular Behavior of Quantum Dots (2008)

This paper presents a semi-automated microrobotic system for adherent cell injection. Different from embryos/oocytes that have a spherical shape and regular morphology, adherent cells are flat with a thickness of a few micrometers and are highly irregular in morphology. Based on computer vision microscopy and motion control, the system coordinately controls a three-degrees-of-freedom microrobot and a precision XY stage. The microrobotic system demonstrates an injection speed of 25 endothelial cells per minute with a survival rate of 96% and a success rate of 82% (n=1012). The system has a high degree of performance consistency. It is immune to operator proficiency variations and from human fatigue, requiring a human operator to select injection destinations through computer mouse clicking as the only operator intervention. The microrobotic adherent cell injection system makes the injection of thousands of adherent cells practical and will enable our testing of intracellular behavior of semiconductive quantum dots (QDs).
A caustic corrected UTD solution for a short monopole near a curved edge on a flat plate (2002)

Corrections to the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) that account for the caustics caused by the coalescence of the diffraction points are derived. This creates a new curvature dependent diffraction coefficient that has not been previously accounted for in the UTD. The far-zone radiation by a short monopole mounted on an elliptic disk is analyzed using this caustic corrected UTD solution. Theoretical results are verified in the principal plane by comparison with a method of moments solution. The resulting solution for the radiated field is accurate and fast to compute.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Online improvement of speed and tracking performance on repetitive paths (1998)

When a mechanism such as a robot executes a trajectory, the tracking error increases as the trajectory speed is increased. This paper reports the experimental evaluation of an algorithm which locally adjusts the speed of a repetitive trajectory to achieve a specified level of tracking error. In regions of the trajectory where error is too high, the trajectory is slowed down, in regions where the error is below the specification, the trajectory is speeded up. The algorithm was experimentally evaluated on a five-axis mini direct-drive robot and it stably converged to a satisfactory trajectory for a range of error levels and speeds in spite of wide variations in the key algorithm parameters. The method is independent of the splining method used to generate the trajectory and of the feedback control law, and no model of the system is required.
Deposition of Basement Membrane Proteins in Attachment and Neurite Formation of Cultured Murine C‐1300 Neuroblastoma Cells (1982)

The deposition of the basement membrane glycoproteins, laminin, fibronectin, and type IV procollagen was studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy during the attachment and differentiation of murine C-1300 neuroblastoma cells. A typical cytoplasmic perinuclear staining for the basement membrane antigens was seen both in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Freshly seeded suspended cells lacked surface fluorescence but in two hours after plating, distinct punctate laminin deposits became discernible on the ventral surface of the cells. Notably, in sparsely seeded undifferentiated cultures, the cell-associated extracellular laminin deposits could only be detected under the primary attaching cells, whereas daughter cells in clonal cell colonies lacked such fluorescence. In cultures induced to neurite formation with dibutyryl cyclic AMP, laminin deposition was also detected in association with the growing cytoplasmic extensions. No distinct differences were found between the secreted proteins of cultures of differentiated and nondifferentiated neuroblastoma cells, but the patterns of fucosylation of high-molecular weight proteins in the two cultures were markedly different. We conclude that cultured neuroblastoma cells both synthesize, secrete and deposit laminin. The distribution of laminin during neuroblastoma cell attachment and neurite extension suggests that this glycoprotein may be involved in cell-to-substratum interactions in C-1300 cell cultures.
Artificial Intelligence to Detect Papilledema from Ocular Fundus Photographs (2020)

A deep-learning system using fundus photographs with pharmacologically dilated pupils differentiated among optic disks with papilledema, normal disks, and disks with nonpapilledema abnormalities. (Funded by the Singapore National Medical Research Council and the SingHealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program.).
The complex methylome of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (2013)

The genome of Helicobacter pylori is remarkable for its large number of restriction-modification (R-M) systems, and strain-specific diversity in R-M systems has been suggested to limit natural transformation, the major driving force of genetic diversification in H. pylori. We have determined the comprehensive methylomes of two H. pylori strains at single base resolution, using Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT®) sequencing. For strains 26695 and J99-R3, 17 and 22 methylated sequence motifs were identified, respectively. For most motifs, almost all sites occurring in the genome were detected as methylated. Twelve novel methylation patterns corresponding to nine recognition sequences were detected (26695, 3; J99-R3, 6). Functional inactivation, correction of frameshifts as well as cloning and expression of candidate methyltransferases (MTases) permitted not only the functional characterization of multiple, yet undescribed, MTases, but also revealed novel features of both Type I and Type II R-M systems, including frameshift-mediated changes of sequence specificity and the interaction of one MTase with two alternative specificity subunits resulting in different methylation patterns. The methylomes of these well-characterized H. pylori strains will provide a valuable resource for future studies investigating the role of H. pylori R-M systems in limiting transformation as well as in gene regulation and host interaction.
3D elastic tensor imaging in weakly transversely isotropic soft tissues (2018)

We present herein 3D elastic tensor imaging (3D ETI), an ultrasound-based volumetric imaging technique to provide quantitative volumetric mapping of tissue elastic properties in weakly elastic anistropic media. The technique relies on (1) 4D ultrafast shear wave elastography (SWE) at very high volume rate (e.g. > 8000 Hz, depending only on the imaging depth), (2) a volumetric estimation of shear wave velocity using the eikonal equation and (3) a generalized 3D elastic tensor-based approach. 3D ETI was first evaluated using numerical simulations in homogeneous isotropic and transverse isotropic media. Results showed that 3D ETI can accurately assess tissue stiffness and tissue anisotropy in weakly transversely isotropic media (elastic fractional anisotropy coefficient < 0.34). Experimental feasibility was shown in vitro in a transverse isotropic phantom. Quantification of the elastic properties by 3D ETI was in good agreement with 2D SWE results performed at different orientations using a clinical ultrafast ultrasound scanner. 3D ETI has the potential to provide a volumetric quantitative map of tissue elastic properties in weakly transversely isotropic soft tissues within less than 20 ms of acquisition for the entire imaged volume.
Adenoviral Human BCL-2 Transgene Expression Attenuates Early Donor Cell Death After Cardiomyoblast Transplantation Into Ischemic Rat Hearts (2006)

Transduction of mH9c2 cardiomyoblasts with AdCMVhBcl-2 increased graft survival in ischemic rat myocardium without causing malignancies. Both AdCMVhBcl-2/mH9c2 and mH9c2 grafts improved LV function.
Fast-scanning two-photon fluorescence imaging based on a microelectromechanical systems two- dimensional scanning mirror (2006)

Towards overcoming the size limitations of conventional two-photon fluorescence microscopy, we introduce two-photon imaging based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanners. Single crystalline silicon scanning mirrors that are 0.75 mm x 0.75 mm in size and driven in two dimensions by microfabricated vertical comb electrostatic actuators can provide optical deflection angles through a range of approximately16 degrees . Using such scanners we demonstrated two-photon microscopy and microendoscopy with fast-axis acquisition rates up to 3.52 kHz.
Specific contact resistivity measurement by a vertical Kelvin test structure (1987)

A vertical Kelvin test structure is used to measure the specific contact resistivity of the Al (1-percent Si)/Si and Al (1-percent Si)/TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /Si contact system. For the vertical test structure, the driving current flows "vertically," thus the current crowdings and sheet resistance effects are eliminated and measurement on the true specific contact resistivity becomes possible. Experimental works show that results obtained by using this vertical structure are closer to the true specific contact resistivities than those obtained by using the conventional six-terminal Kelvin method. It is also found that R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sd</inf> , the sheet resistance directly underneath the contact pad, is much less than that of the conduction bar without the contact pad. A value of (1.17 ± 0.17) × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> Ω . cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> specific contact resistivity is obtained for the Al (1-percent Si) /TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (direct reaction) /Si system.
Session I Structured Programming: Concepts and Definitions (1975)

Session I addressed the concepts and definitions of structured programming (SP).
399 SPERMATOZOA-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER IS INFLUENCED BY SIZE, STRUCTURE, AND CONCENTRATION OF EXOGENOUS DNA (2006)

Mammalian sperm cells have a spontaneous ability to take up exogenous DNA in a process regulated by specific protein. However, little is known about the effect of exogenous DNA on sperm cell association. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of size, concentration, and structure of exogenous DNA sequence in apoptosis and oncosis induction and the association with spermatozoa. To evaluate the effect of size and concentration of exogenous DNA, sequences of 2.2, 5.5, and 8.5 kb were used at the concentrations of 500 ng (Experiment 1) or 5 × 1011 molecules (Experiment 2). To assess the effect of structure (Experiment 3), 3 sequences of approximately 500 bp were used, containing 65.7% of AT (AT sequence), 46.4% of AT (IN sequence), and 38.6% of AT (GC sequence). To evaluate apoptosis and oncosis in all treatments, sperm cells were incubated with exogenous DNA for 1 h, stained with 2 µL of Yo-Pro (100 µM) for 20 min, and 10 µL of propidium iodide (6 µM) for 10 min, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. To evaluate the transfection rates, sperm cells, after incubation, were separated from non-associated exogenous DNA by 2.5% gel electrophoresis. DNA (genomic and exogenous) was extracted and association rates obtained by real-time PCR. Data were submitted to ANOVA and compared by Tukey's test (P = 0.05). The number of viable, apoptotic, oncosis, or in initial apoptosis/late oncosis spermatozoa incubated with different concentrations or sequences of exogenous DNA did not differ among groups. In Experiment 1, a higher DNA association with sperm cells was observed in the 5.5 kb sequence in comparison with the 2.2 and 8.5 kb. In Experiment 2, the 8.5 kb sequence had the lower association with the spermatozoa in comparison with the 2.2 kb and 5.5 kb. In Experiment 3, there was a higher interaction of the AT sequence when compared to IN and GC sequences. Reference data suggest that big sequences of exogenous DNA have advantages in the interaction with spermatozoa. The present work is the first one to show that the advantage of the big sequences on interaction became a disadvantage in relation to the ability of these cells to internalize this DNA. Table 1. Quantification of different exogenous DNA associated to sperm cells Financial support was provided by FAPESP 03/10234-7 and 03/07456-8.
The myxalamids, new antibiotics from Myxococcus xanthus (Myxobacterales) I. production, physico-chemical and biological properties, and mechanism of action. (1983)

From the cell mass and culture supernatant of Myxococcus xanthus strain Mx X12 an antibiotic activity against yeasts, molds and some Gram-positive bacteria could be extracted. It consisted of 4 biologically active compounds which were named myxalamid A, B, C and D. The main component, myxalamid B, was shown to block in beef heart submitochondrial particles the respiratory chain at the site of complex I, i.e. NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase. The myxalamids are new antibiotics.