gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Subtype Neutralizing Antibodies Induced in Baboons by a Subtype E gp120 Immunogen Based on an R5 Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope (1999)

Global human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) diversity may require engineering vaccines to express antigens representing strains prevalent in the target population of vaccine testing. The majority (90%) of incident infections in Thailand are genetic subtype E, with a small percentage of subtype B infections in the intravenous drug user populations. We have evaluated and compared the binding and HIV-1 neutralizing properties of serum antibodies induced in baboons by CHO cell-expressed monomeric gp120 derived from a CCR5-using (R5) subtype E primary HIV-1CM235 or a CXCR4-using (X4) subtype B T-cell line-adapted (TCLA) HIV-1SF2 isolate. In contrast to the subtype-specific HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies induced with recombinant HIV-1SF2 gp120 (rgp120SF2), rgp120CM235 immunization induced antibodies capable of neutralizing both subtype E and subtype B TCLA HIV-1 isolates. However, neither immunogen induced antibodies capable of neutralizing primary HIV-1 isolates. Antibody induced by rgp120CM235 preferentially bound natively folded gp120 and retained strong cross-reactivity against multiple gp120 strains within subtype E as well as subtype B. In contrast, antibody responses to rgp120SF2 were directed predominantly to linear epitopes poorly exposed on native gp120 and had more limited cross-recognition of divergent gp120. Fine epitope mapping revealed differences in antibody specificities. While both rgp120CM235 and rgp120SF2 induced antibodies to regions within C1, V1/V2, V3, and C5, unique responses were induced by rgp120CM235 to multiple epitopes within C2 and by rgp120SF2 to multiple epitopes within C3, V4, and C4. These data demonstrate that strain and/or phenotypic differences of HIV-1 subunit gp120 immunogens can substantially alter antibody binding specificities and subsequent HIV-1 neutralizing capacity.
Cover Feature: A Cucurbit[8]uril 2:2 Complex with a Negative pKa Shift (Chem. Eur. J. 54/2019) (2019)

The capture of pH-responsive guest molecules by CB[8] macrocycles made it possible to produce 2:2 host:guest complexes, releasing protons initially trapped on the guests, in a manner similar to the proton release observed in biology and operating through cascade supramolecular events. More information can be found in the Full Paper by R. Wang, A. Kermagoret, D. Bardelang, et al. on page 12552.
Torque Converter Clutch Low Slip Speed Detection and Control (2010)

A torque converter clutch (TCC) is an important element of automatic transmissions because it affects fuel economy and driveability. Although torque converters are ideal launch devices for transmissions, they are inefficient in steady-state operations. For that reason, a TCC is used to control and minimize the slip between the torque converter pump and turbine, thereby increasing the efficiency of the driveline and improving fuel economy. However, low TCC slip speeds increase the likelihood that disturbances cause the TCC to have zero slip or crash. In the absence of TCC slip, it is essential to quickly restore slip and regain driveline isolation to maintain driveability. To recover TCC slip, pressure to the TCC must be reduced significantly to overcome the effects of clutch material nonlinearities and hydraulic hysteresis. Unfortunately, large pressure reductions can also result in undesirable slip overshoot. In this investigation, the truncated sequential probability ratio test is used to achieve fast and robust detection at the low signal-to-noise ratios caused by the low TCC slip speeds. In the event of a crash, two unique TCC pressure command sequences are presented which maximize the response of the system hydraulics while also minimizing clutch slip overshoot. The effectiveness of the proposed methods are evaluated using experimental results from small and large vehicles equipped with automatic front and rear-wheel drive transmissions.
Low-frequency magnetic field detection for metal sensing (2007)

A new type of magnetic field detection system, which can operate at a frequency below 1 kHz, is proposed and developed. The system consists of a 40-turn-coil to generate the magnetic field and a magneto resistive sensor to detect both the amplitude and the phase signal of the magnetic field induced by eddy-current and magnetization of the samples. The magnetic field detection of ferro- and non-magnetic samples using the system is demonstrated and discussed.
Benchmarking and Demonstration of Low-Loss Fused-Silica Stitch-Chips With Compressible Microinterconnects for RF/mm-Wave Chiplet-Based Modules (2023)

A fused-silica stitch-chip technology is proposed for RF/mm-wave multichiplet modules where commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) chiplets are densely integrated. Stitch-chip design, RF characterization, and benchmarking to state-of-the-art are presented in this letter. An optimized 500- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> long stitch-chip channel is measured to have < 0.66 dB insertion loss (IL) and >11.34 dB return loss (RL) up to 50 GHz. The proposed stitch-chip technology features module scalability, low-loss, impedance-matching, and reworkability. The stitch-chip technology can be a potential integration solution for RF/mm-wave front-end modules.
Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (1990)

To investigate the incidence of abnormal exercise blood pressure responses in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and the potential role of hemodynamic instability as a mechanism of sudden death, 129 consecutive patients with HCM underwent maximal symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing with blood pressure recording. Four patterns of blood pressure response were observed. Forty-three patients had significant exercise hypotension, with either a continuous fall in systolic blood pressure (n = 5) from the start of exercise or a sudden fall in systolic blood pressure (20-100 mm Hg; mean, 40 mm Hg) from the peak value (n = 38), 23 patients had a normal response during exercise but an abnormal blood pressure response in the recovery period, and the remaining 62 patients demonstrated a normal blood pressure response. Patients with exercise hypotension were younger (33 +/- 14 versus 46 +/- 14 years) and more of them had a family history of HCM and sudden death compared with those with a normal blood pressure response (15 of 43 versus 6 of 62 patients). Similarly, the 23 patients with abnormal recovery blood pressure responses were younger (43 +/- 16 versus 46 +/- 14 years) and had a higher incidence of a family history of sudden death (10 of 24 versus 6 of 62 patients). Left ventricular cavity dimensions were smaller in those with exercise hypotension, but 11 other clinical, echocardiographic, and arrhythmic variables were similar. To assess the mechanism of exercise hypotension, 14 patients who demonstrated exercise hypotension and 14 symptomatic patients with a normal exercise blood pressure response underwent invasive hemodynamic exercise testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compact Model for Current Collapse in GaN-HEMT Power Switches (2016)

We present a simple yet accurate model describing current-voltage characteristics of GaN-HEMT power switches in presence of carrier trapping often referred to as current collapse. The model accounts for time-dependent changes in the source-gate and gate-drain resistances after application of high drain voltage. The model also has a regime describing ‘fast’ current voltage characteristics when the applied voltage swing occurs within a period of time much shorter than the characteristic trapping – detrapping times. The model is written in Verilog-A and can be implemented in SPICE-type circuit simulators.
A multiple subset sum formulation for feedback implosion suppression over satellite networks (2005)

In this paper, we present a feedback implosion suppression (FIS) algorithm that reduces the volume of feedback information transmitted through the network without relying on any collaboration between users, or on any infrastructure other than the satellite network. Next generation satellite systems that utilize the Ka frequency band are likely to rely on various fade mitigation techniques, in order to guarantee a service quality that is comparable to other broadband technologies. User feedback would be a valuable input for a number of such components, however, collecting periodic feedback from a large number of users would result in the well-known feedback implosion problem. Feedback implosion is identified as a major problem when a large number of users try to transmit their feedback messages through the network, holding up a significant portion of the uplink resources and clogging the shared uplink medium. In this paper, we look at a system where uplink channel access is organized in time-slots. The goal of the FIS algorithm is to reduce the number of uplink time-slots hold up for the purpose of feedback transmission. Our analysis show that the FIS algorithm effectively suppresses the feedback messages of 95% of all active users, but still achieves acceptable performance results when the ratio of available time-slots to number of users is equal to or higher than 5%
Synthese von Zeolithen aus vorkristallisierten Bausteinen: Architektur im Nanomaßstab (2018)

Abstract Seit den frühen Arbeiten von Barrer in den 1940er Jahren über die Umwandlung natürlicher Mineralien in synthetische Zeolithe ist die Verwendung vorkristallisierter Zeolithe als anorganische strukturdirigierende Agentien für die Synthese anderer kristalliner Zeolithe mit verbesserten physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften zu einem wichtigen Forschungsgebiet geworden. Insbesondere in den letzten Jahren die dabei die Entwicklung neuer industrieller Katalysatoren gelungen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir, wie das Vorhandensein bestimmter kristalliner Fragmente im Synthesemedium, wie z. B. kleiner Sekundärbausteine (SBUs) oder geschichteter Teilstrukturen, nicht nur die Kristallisation anderer Zeolithe begünstigt, die ähnliche SBUs oder Schichten aufweisen, sondern auch die gezielte Steuerung wichtiger Parameter ermöglicht, die die katalytische Aktivität beeinflussen (chemische Zusammensetzung, Kristallgröße, Porosität usw.). Aktuelle Fortschritte bei der Herstellung von 3D‐ und 2D‐Zeolithen durch Impfen und Zeolith‐Zeolith‐Umwandlungsvorgänge werden ausführlich besprochen, einschließlich der Herstellung mit oder ohne Beteiligung organischer strukturdirigierender Agentien (OSDAs). Ziel ist es, allgemeine Leitlinien für die Entwicklung wirkungsvollerer zukünftiger Syntheseansätze für Zeolithe auszuarbeiten.
Levels of Oligomeric α-Synuclein in Reflex Tears Distinguish Parkinson'S Disease Patients From Healthy Controls (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> Due to active engagement of sensory and afferent nerve fibers in reflex tearing which could be affected in Parkinson's disease (PD), we tested reflex tears as a source of potential PD biomarkers. <b>Patients & methods:</b> Reflex tears collected from 84 PD and 84 age- and sex-equivalent healthy controls (HC) were used to measure levels of oligomeric α-Syn (α-Syn<sub>Oligo</sub>), total α-Syn (α-Syn<sub>Total</sub>), CCL2, DJ-1, lactoferrin and MMP9. <b>Results:</b> α-syn<sub>Oligo</sub> (p < 0.0001), CCL2 (p = 0.003) and lactoferrin (p = 0.002) were significantly elevated in PD patient tears relative to HC tears. Tear flow was significantly lower in PD relative to HC (p = 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> Reflex tears are a potential source for detection of characteristic changes in PD patients.
Chemistry of Biological Processes: An Introduction (2014)

Mr Administrator,My dear colleagues,Dear friends,Ladies and gentlemen, In his book Of Flies, Mice, and Men, the great French biologist François Jacob recalls that one day during a council of ministers General de Gaulle retorted to one of the members of the government: “There are three things in France that must not be touched: the Collège de France, the Pasteur Institute and the Eiffel Tower.” I am particularly glad, as I am sure you are, at least for the Collège de France, that the General’s...
New developments in loss minimizing control for drives without compromising torque dynamics (2016)

High performance industrial drives typically do not simultaneously minimize machine losses and achieve fast transient torque dynamics. This paper introduces a deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) algorithm that achieves decoupled control of air gap torque and stator flux linkage using an inverse machine model. Stator flux linkage serves as a separate degree-of-freedom to manipulate machine losses without compromising desired torque dynamics. Several loss minimizing techniques utilizing deadbeat-direct torque and flux control have been reviewed. Loss minimization has been evaluated for some certain classes of applications. Results show that loss minimization can be achieved by optimal selection of stator flux linkage trajectory while achieving the desired torque dynamic performance.
Injectable Nano-Network for Glucose-Mediated Insulin Delivery (2020)

Diabetes mellitus, a disorder of glucose regulation, is a global burden affecting 366 million people across the world. An artificial “closed-loop” system able to mimic pancreas activity and release insulin in response to glucose level changes has the potential to improve patient compliance and health. Herein we develop a glucose-mediated release strategy for the self-regulated delivery of insulin using an injectable and acid-degradable polymeric network. Formed by electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged dextran nanoparticles loaded with insulin and glucose-specific enzymes, the nanocomposite-based porous architecture can be dissociated and subsequently release insulin in a hyperglycemic state through the catalytic conversion of glucose into gluconic acid. In vitro insulin release can be modulated in a pulsatile profile in response to glucose concentrations. In vivo studies validated that these formulations provided improved glucose control in type 1 diabetic mice subcutaneously administered with a degradable nano-network. A single injection of the developed nano-network facilitated stabilization of the blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic state (<200 mg/dL) for up to 10 days.
Identification and validation of differentially expressed transcripts by RNA-sequencing of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue from patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2017)

Our results demonstrate that RNA sequencing of RNA obtained from archived FFPE lung tissues is feasible. The results obtained from FFPE tissue are highly comparable to FF tissues. The ability to perform RNA-Seq on archived FFPE IPF tissues should greatly enhance the availability of tissue biopsies for research in IPF.
A Cloud-Optimized Transport Protocol for Elastic and Scalable HPC (2020)

Amazon Web Services (AWS) took a fresh look at the network to provide consistently low latency required for supercomputing applications, while keeping the benefits of public cloud: scalability, elastic on-demand capacity, cost effectiveness, and fast adoption of newer CPUs and GPUs. We built a new network transport protocol, scalable reliable datagram (SRD), designed to utilize modern commodity multitenant datacenter networks (with a large number of network paths) while overcoming their limitations (load imbalance and inconsistent latency when unrelated flows collide). Instead of preserving packets order, SRD sends the packets over as many network paths as possible, while avoiding overloaded paths. To minimize jitter and to ensure the fastest response to network congestion fluctuations, SRD is implemented in the AWS custom Nitro networking card. SRD is used by HPC/ML frameworks on EC2 hosts via AWS elastic fabric adapter kernel-bypass interface.
White Light Emission from Co-Precipitated Organic Nanoparticle Composites (2010)

Co-precipitation of 1,4-bis(2-phenyl-1-propen-1-yl)benzene (1) and 2-(4-(2-(4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)ethynyl)benzylidene) malononitrile (2) that individually form blue-emitting and orange-emitting nanoparticles, respectively, results in the formation of composite fluorescent organic nanoparticles that emit white light. The two components likely align in the head-to-tail fashion in nanoparticles, creating two parallel and strongly coupled transition dipoles. The emission characteristics of the composite was dependent upon the concentration of 1 and 2, and a pure white-light emission (CIE chromaticity coordinates of 0.34, 0.35) was achieved from the composite that was prepared by employing 12 parts of 1 and 1 part of 2.
Two-Parameter Extremum Seeking for Control of Thermoacoustic Instabilities and Characterization of Linear Growth (2007)

Extremum seeking control based on phase-shifted pressure feedback was applied to suppress combustion instabilities in an atmospheric swirl-stabilized combustor. Acoustic actuation up- and downstream of the flame was used to attenuate pressure oscillations. Gain and delay of the phase-shift controller were tuned by the adaptive scheme. The controller was able to successfully drive the control parameters to the values corresponding to the highest suppression of the instability. During transients, the scheme could maintain control by tracking the optimal control parameters. The controller was further used to study the linear growth of the instability at dierent preheat temperatures. The growth rates were compared to the corresponding limit cycle amplitudes. A monotonic relationship was found.
Comparison of lesion-to-cerebellum and lesion-to-organ uptake ratios in the evaluation of lung nodules with 18F-FDG PET (2006)

498 Objectives: The lesion-to-cerebellum uptake ratio (L/C) appears to be a valuable semiquantitative index for the evaluation of malignancy in pulmonary nodules with 18F-FDG PET, since it does not require blood sampling, accurate dose and body weight measurements. Furthermore, L/C demonstrates a significantly higher sensitivity than the standardized uptake value (SUV) for nodules that are faintly positive on visual estimation. However, it is not known if the L/C is superior to the lesion-to-organ uptake ratios (L/O) of other organs, which similarly would not require accurate dose and body weight measurements for the evaluation of lung nodules. Therefore, this study compares the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the L/C and L/O for several organs, including the lungs, liver, spleen and bone marrow, for differentiating malignant from benign lung nodules. Methods: 40 patients underwent whole body PET imaging after an IV injection of 543 ± 69 MBq (14.7 ± 1.9 mCi) of 18F-FDG. Regions of interest (ROIs) were overlaid onto each attenuation corrected axial image in the areas of radiographically known lung densities, and mean activities were obtained. Mean activities were also acquired for ROIs of the cerebellar cortex, lungs, spleen, bone marrow in the lumbar spine and for the liver in the mid-section of each organ. The L/C and the L/O were calculated for each nodule and ROC curves were analyzed using the ROCKIT 0.9B software package. Results: Surgical pathology and serial CT scans (follow-up > 24 months) revealed 21 malignant and 28 benign lung lesions less than 3 cm in size. The mean L/C was 0.73 ± 0.40 for malignant nodules and 0.22 ± 0.11 for benign nodules (P Conclusions: The L/C method demonstrated significantly more favorable ROC characteristics than the L/O-marrow method for evaluation of malignancy in pulmonary nodules. Furthermore, since the Az for L/C data was greater than the Az for L/O-spleen, L/O-liver and L/O-lung data, the L/C method may also demonstrate more favorable ROC characteristics than the L/O method for these organs. However, since the data for these organs did not show a statistically significant difference between the L/C method and the L/O method, studies with a larger patient population are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
A methodology for developing real-time control software for efficient and dependable manufacturing systems. (1990)

Designing efficient and dependable manufacturing systems has always been a major goal of modern computer-integrated manufacturing. The dissertation proposes a methodology for developing the control software of these systems, and develops a set of software tools that enhance the applicability of this methodology. These tools aid in planning the set of operations of a manufacturing job, generating a cyclic schedule for processing a batch of jobs, and monitoring the operations of the system while this batch is being processed. The syntax and semantics of a component-oriented rule-based language for specifying the formal models of manufacturing systems is presented. A model captures the state of a component of the system in a set of first-order logic predicates, and it captures the semantics of the operations performed by this component in a set of rules that determine the preconditions and postconditions of an operation. These models are used in planning the sequence of operations of each class of jobs to be manufactured by these systems. To achieve efficiency, the reservation table technique is used to create optimum cyclic job-shop schedules for processing a batch of identical jobs or a mix of jobs from several classes on these systems. A reservation table is derived from the plan of a job. This table is then used to determine the theoretical maximum job initiation rate and the set of all possible initiation strategies for the batch. In some cases, this theoretical maximum rate is achieved by increasing the flow time of the job. The above technique inherently allows multiple devices to be reserved concurrently, it can deal with transport time explicitly, and it achieves higher initiation rates by including cycles that involve multiple job initiations. To achieve dependability, a plan-oriented fault detection and correction strategy is proposed. This strategy can automatically handle any combination of faults that may occur when monitoring the operations of manufacturing systems. A fault-tree is consulted prior to executing the scheduled operations of a plan, and the faults that affect the execution of these operations are handled subsequently. Resuming the original cyclic schedule is attempted, whenever feasible.
A Membrane Potential- and Calpain-Dependent Reversal of Caspase-1 Inhibition Regulates Canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome (2018)

The NLRP3 inflammasome senses a range of cellular disturbances, although no consensus exists regarding a common mechanism. Canonical NLRP3 activation is blocked by high extracellular K<sup>+</sup>, regardless of the activating signal. We report here that canonical NLRP3 activation leads to Ca<sup>2+</sup> flux and increased calpain activity. Activated calpain releases a pool of Caspase-1 sequestered by the cytoskeleton to regulate NLRP3 activation. Using electrophysiological recording, we found that resting-state eukaryotic membrane potential (MP) is required for this calpain activity, and depolarization by high extracellular K<sup>+</sup> or artificial hyperpolarization results in the inhibition of calpain. Therefore, the MP/Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calpain/Caspase-1 axis acts as an independent regulatory mechanism for NLRP3 activity. This finding provides mechanistic insight into high K<sup>+</sup>-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 activation, and it offers an alternative model of NLRP3 inflammasome activation that does not involve K<sup>+</sup> efflux.