gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deviating glucose results in an international dual-center study. A root cause investigation (2021)

During a dual-center study on obese and normal weight children and adolescents, focusing on glucose metabolism, we observed a marked difference in glucose results (N = 16,840) between the two sites, Salzburg, Austria and Uppsala, Sweden (P < 0.001). After excluding differences in patient characteristics between the two populations as cause of this finding, we investigated other preanalytic influences. Finally, only the tubes used for blood collection at the two sites were left to evaluate. While the Vacuette FC-Mix tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmünster, Austria) was used in Uppsala, in Salzburg blood collections were performed with a lithium heparin tube (LH-Monovette, Sarstedt, Germany). To prove our hypothesis, we collected two blood samples in either of these tubes from 51 children (Salzburg N = 27, Uppsala N = 24) and compared the measured glucose results. Indeed, we found the suspected bias and calculated a correction formula, which significantly diminished the differences of glucose results between the two sites (<i>P</i> = 0.023). Our finding is in line with those of other studies and although this issue should be widely known, we feel that it is widely neglected, especially when comparing glucose concentrations across Europe, using large databases without any information on preanalytic sample handling.
Empirical Estimates of Cost Functions for Mixed Feed Mills in the Midwest (1956)

Plants in agricultural marketing and processing industries, generally speaking, function in an imperfectly competitive environment and therefore do not necessarily face perfectly elastic supply functions for inputs, or perfectly elastic demand functions for outputs. Relevant coefficients in cost functions of such firms often are dependent on supply as well as production coefficients. Indeed, in contrast to farm production, here the more interesting relationships may arise from price functions rather than production functions. Determination of reliable cost-function estimates under such conditions presents a real challenge to researchers. The accompanying discussion of the estimation of empirical cost functions in such firms is published as journal paper number J-2860 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, project number 1224.
(Invited) Wetting Behavior of Aqueous Solutions on High Aspect Ratio Nanopillars with Hydrophilic Surface Finish (2013)

In semiconductor manufacturing, potential wetting issues are becoming a concern as feature dimensions are continuously scaled down and novel materials with different wetting properties are introduced in new technology nodes. The wetting behavior of silicon nanopillars with different dimensions and surface modifications has been studied using static contact angle ( θ) , attenuated total reflection infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and decoration by etching. The contact angle measurements showed a consistent deviation from the classic wetting models for patterned substrates with an hydrophilic surface termination (60°&lt; θ &lt; 80°). The ATR-FTIR and decoration studies gave evidence for partial wetting under these conditions, resulting from the formation of long-lasting nanobubbles. However the residual gas volumes estimated by ATR-FTIR were too small to explain the contact angle deviations. It is proposed that the apparent extension of the superhydrophobic regime to lower contact angles resulted from modifications caused by the manufacturing process to the wettability of the surface of nanopillars.
Highly Efficient Photothermal Reduction of CO2 on Pd2Cu Dispersed TiO2 Photocatalyst and Operando DRIFT Spectroscopic Analysis of Reactive Intermediates (2022)

The photocatalytic conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to fuels using solar energy presents meaningful potential in the mitigation of global warming, solar energy conversion, and fuel production. Photothermal catalysis is one promising approach to convert chemically inert CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals. Herein, we report the selective hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> to ethanol by Pd<sub>2</sub>Cu alloy dispersed TiO<sub>2</sub> (P25) photocatalyst. Under UV-Vis irradiation, the Pd<sub>2</sub>Cu/P25 showed an efficient CO<sub>2</sub> reduction photothermally at 150 °C with an ethanol production rate of 4.1 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. Operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) absorption studies were used to trace the reactive intermediates involved in CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation in detail. Overall, the Cu provides the active sites for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and Pd involves the oxidation of H<sub>2</sub> molecule generated from P25 and C-C bond formation.
Transverse instability of the antiproton beam in the Recycler Ring (2011)

The brightness of the antiproton beam in Fermilab's 8 GeV Recycler ring is limited by a transverse instability. This instability has occurred during the extraction process to the Tevatron for large stacks of antiprotons even with dampers in operation. This paper describes observed features of the instability, introduces the threshold phase density to characterize the beam stability, and finds the results to be in agreement with a resistive wall instability model. Effective exclusion of the longitudinal tails from Landau damping by decreasing the depth of the RF potential well is observed to lower the threshold density by up to a factor of two.
Switch-based GaN HEMT model suitable for highly-efficient RF power amplifier design (2007)

A new approach to accurately model the transistor performance In radio frequency (RF) switching-mode operation is proposed. The purpose of the presented switch-based model is to facilitate and speed up considerably extraction and implementation of large-signal device models for computer added design (CAD). Only a small number of DC and low-frequency small-signal S-parameter measurements are required for the extraction of the complete set of element parameters of the model. Accuracy and efficacy of the nonlinear model in predicting the performance of a single-ended RF power amplifier (PA) is demonstrated by experimental results. For a PA based on a commercial GaN HEMT, measured output power and efficiency match with simulations over a broad frequency range. Moreover, robustness of the developed switch-based model is demonstrated by the design of a voltage-mode class-D PA.
Real-time prediction of battery power requirements for electric vehicles (2013)

A battery management system (BMS) is responsible for protecting the battery from damage, predicting battery life, and maintaining the battery in an operational condition.
General and robust covalently linked graphene oxide affinity grids for high-resolution cryo-EM (2020)

Affinity grids have great potential to facilitate rapid preparation of even quite impure samples in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM). Yet despite the promising advances of affinity grids over the past decades, no single strategy has demonstrated general utility. Here we chemically functionalize cryo-EM grids coated with mostly one or two layers of graphene oxide to facilitate affinity capture. The protein of interest is tagged using a system that rapidly forms a highly specific covalent bond to its cognate catcher linked to the grid via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer. Importantly, the spacer keeps particles away from both the air-water interface and the graphene oxide surface, protecting them from potential denaturation and rendering them sufficiently flexible to avoid preferential sample orientation concerns. Furthermore, the PEG spacer successfully reduces nonspecific binding, enabling high-resolution reconstructions from a much cruder lysate sample.
Micron-class axial resolution FD OCT with high acquisition speed using a broadband astigmatism-corrected spectrometer (2011)

We demonstrate micron-class-resolution frequency-domain OCT at high acquisition-speeds using a commercial supercontinuum source (i.e. 300nm bandwidth centered at 800nm) and a broadband custom astigmatism-corrected spectrometer (i.e. &lt; 0.1 nm spectral resolution over 400nm bandwidth). We achieved 1.3 &mu;m axial resolution in, <i>in vivo</i> skin tissue, with an acquisition speed of 23 A-scans per sec using the implemented FD-OCT.
A comparison study over the influence of phase noise on multi-carrier communications (2003)

Several studies over phase noise issue over single and multicarrier communications systems have been developed, especially regarding its influence on signal constellations, since received and demodulated signal are strictly controlled through standards. In this article, we study and develop a method for analyzing the influence of phase noise, in different contexts for multi-carrier communication systems, with different number of carriers. Also, the influence of several noise parameters of the oscillators has to be taken in account, along with proposed methods for reducing the effects of phase noise within the receiver.
SPICE, ADVICE, Celerity, and a Case of Beer: Working With a Man of Patience and Understanding (2019)

The author s arrived at Bell Labs in 1986 and 1987, about 10 years after Larry Nagel did. During that time, Larry had recreated his Ph.D. thesis-based SPICE circuit simulator at AT&T in a new circuit simulator called ADVICE, fixing many things that he thought were broken or outdated in SPICE and with a much more interactive feel. It is rumored that the high quality of the f77 Fortran compiler written by Stu Feldman owes much to Larry frequently breaking it daily with his ADVICE code. Larry then moved on to another position, and a group was formed to maintain and enhance ADVICE, which by then was the workhorse tool for all circuit design work within AT&T.
Comprehensive volumetric confocal microscopy with adaptive focusing (2011)

Comprehensive microscopy of distal esophagus could greatly improve the screening and surveillance of esophageal diseases such as Barrett's esophagus by providing histomorphologic information over the entire region at risk. Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed reflectance confocal microscopy technology that can be configured to image the entire distal esophagus by helically scanning the beam using optics within a balloon-centering probe. It is challenging to image the human esophagus in vivo with balloon-based SECM, however, because patient motion and anatomic tissue surface irregularities decenter the optics, making it difficult to keep the focus at a predetermined location within the tissue as the beam is scanned. In this paper, we present a SECM probe equipped with an adaptive focusing mechanism that can compensate for tissue surface irregularity and dynamic focal variation. A tilted arrangement of the objective lens is employed in the SECM probe to provide feedback signals to an adaptive focusing mechanism. The tilted configuration also allows the probe to obtain reflectance confocal data from multiple depth levels, enabling the acquisition of three-dimensional volumetric data during a single scan of the probe. A tissue phantom with a surface area of 12.6 cm(2) was imaged using the new SECM probe, and 8 large-area reflectance confocal microscopy images were acquired over the depth range of 56 μm in 20 minutes. Large-area SECM images of excised swine small intestine tissue were also acquired, enabling the visualization of villous architecture, epithelium, and lamina propria. The adaptive focusing mechanism was demonstrated to enable acquisition of in-focus images even when the probe was not centered and the tissue surface was irregular.
Method of Fabrication for Encapsulated Polarizing Resonant Gratings (2013)

In this letter, we present a novel method of fabricating encapsulated resonant gratings. The fabrication method uses selective etching, conformal deposition, conventional lithography, and direct bonding techniques. Our letter includes simulation and experimental results, confirming a strong resonance unique to the TE polarization at 1550 nm with a 5 nm full-width at half-maximum.
Measurement of the $$ Z\gamma \to \nu \overline{\nu}\gamma $$ production cross section in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous triple gauge-boson couplings (2018)

A bstract The production of Z bosons in association with a high-energy photon ( Zγ production) is studied in the neutrino decay channel of the Z boson using pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV. The analysis uses a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 36.1fb −1 collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. Candidate Zγ events with invisible decays of the Z boson are selected by requiring significant transverse momentum ( p T ) of the dineutrino system in conjunction with a single isolated photon with large transverse energy ( E T ). The rate of Zγ production is measured as a function of photon E T , dineutrino system p T and jet multiplicity. Evidence of anomalous triple gauge-boson couplings is sought in Zγ production with photon E T greater than 600 GeV. No excess is observed relative to the Standard Model expectation, and upper limits are set on the strength of ZZγ and Zγγ couplings.
Abstract 3904: Overcoming resistance to HER2 inhibitors through cell based screening (2016)

Abstract Signaling from the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of proteins is dependent on a well-orchestrated series of interactions between family members to form either homo- or heterodimers. The heterodimeric complex formed by HER2 and HER3 is a particularly potent oncogenic signaling unit that can act as a driver of cancer growth and has also been shown to rescue a large number of cancers from a variety of targeted agents. The currently available therapies targeting HER2, such as Lapatinib or ado-trastuzumab emtansine, have dramatically improved patient outcomes in the clinic but preferentially target the protein in its monomeric state. Because of this, increasing the concentration of the HER2/HER3 heterodimer, either by growth factors or increasing the concentrations of HER2 and HER3 at the membrane, significantly diminishes their activity. In order to find a next generation inhibitor of the active HER2/HER3 oncogenic complex we screened 1 million small molecules against an engineered Ba/F3 cell line dependent on ligand stimulated HER2/HER3 signaling for survival. The removal of non-selective inhibitors using alternative Ba/F3 cell lines resulted in the identification of a single core scaffold hit. A medicinal chemistry campaign enabled by a co-crystal structure of a hit compound complexed to EGFR led to the development of a molecule capable of inhibiting the active state of HER2. As a result, this next generation HER2 inhibitor is capable of inhibiting growth factor stimulated HER2/HER3 heterodimers and mutationally activated forms of HER2, which are resistant to current clinical small molecule HER2 inhibitors. Citation Format: Chris J. Novotny, Sirkku Pollari, Jin H. Park, Mark A. Lemmon, Peter G. Schultz, Weijun Shen, Kevan M. Shokat. Overcoming resistance to HER2 inhibitors through cell based screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3904.
A One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3‐Benzoxazines. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Piezoresistive cantilever array sensor for consolidated bioprocess monitoring (2009)

Cellulolytic microbes occur in diverse natural niches and are being screened for industrial modification and utility. A microbe for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) development can rapidly degrade pure cellulose and then ferment the resulting sugars into fuels. To identify and screen for novel microbes for CBP, we have developed a piezoresistive cantilever array sensor which is capable of simultaneous monitoring of glucose and ethanol concentration changes in a phosphate buffer solution. 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid and polyethyleneglycol-thiol are employed to functionalize each piezoresistive cantilever for glucose and ethanol sensing, respectively. Successful concentration measurements of glucose and ethanol with minimal interferences are obtained with our cantilever array sensor.
Clinical Study of Aspirin and Zileuton on Biomarkers of Tobacco-Related Carcinogenesis in Current Smokers (2022)

The chemopreventive effect of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on lung cancer risk is supported by epidemiologic and preclinical studies. Zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, has additive activity with NSAIDs against tobacco carcinogenesis in preclinical models. We hypothesized that cyclooxygenase plus 5-lipoxygenase inhibition would be more effective than a placebo in modulating the nasal epithelium gene signatures of tobacco exposure and lung cancer. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded study of low-dose aspirin plus zileuton vs. double placebo in current smokers to compare the modulating effects on nasal gene expression and arachidonic acid metabolism. In total, 63 participants took aspirin 81 mg daily plus zileuton (Zyflo CR) 600 mg BID or the placebo for 12 weeks. Nasal brushes from the baseline, end-of-intervention, and one-week post intervention were profiled via microarray. Aspirin plus zilueton had minimal effects on the modulation of the nasal or bronchial gene expression signatures of smoking, lung cancer, and COPD but favorably modulated a bronchial gene expression signature of squamous dysplasia. Aspirin plus zileuton suppressed urinary leukotriene but not prostaglandin E2, suggesting shunting through the cyclooxygenase pathway when combined with 5-lipoxygenase inhibition. Continued investigation of leukotriene inhibitors is needed to confirm these findings, understand the long-term effects on the airway epithelium, and identify the safest, optimally dosed agents.
Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide CpG Motifs Activate Human Complement through Their Backbone Structure and Induce Complement-Dependent Cytokine Release (2022)

Bacterial and mitochondrial DNA, sharing an evolutionary origin, act as danger-associated molecular patterns in infectious and sterile inflammation. They both contain immunomodulatory CpG motifs. Interactions between CpG motifs and the complement system are sparsely described, and mechanisms of complement activation by CpG remain unclear. Lepirudin-anticoagulated human whole blood and plasma were incubated with increasing concentrations of three classes of synthetic CpGs: CpG-A, -B, and -C oligodeoxynucleotides and their GpC sequence controls. Complement activation products were analyzed by immunoassays. Cytokine levels were determined via 27-plex beads-based immunoassay, and CpG interactions with individual complement proteins were evaluated using magnetic beads coated with CpG-B. In whole blood and plasma, CpG-B and CpG-C (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for both), but not CpG-A (<i>p</i> > 0.8 for all), led to time- and dose-dependent increase of soluble C5b-9, the alternative complement convertase C3bBbP, and the C3 cleavage product C3bc. GpC-A, -B, and -C changed soluble fluid-phase C5b-9, C3bBbP, and C3bc to the same extent as CpG-A, -B, and -C, indicating a DNA backbone-dependent effect. Dose-dependent CpG-B binding was found to C1q (<i>r</i> = 0.83; <i>p</i> = 0.006) and factor H (<i>r</i> = 0.93; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The stimulatory complement effect was partly preserved in C2-deficient plasma and completely preserved in MASP-2-deficient serum. CpG-B increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF in whole blood, which were completely abolished by inhibition of C5 and C5aR1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, synthetic analogs of bacterial and mitochondrial DNA activate the complement system via the DNA backbone. We suggest that CpG-B interacts directly with classical and alternative pathway components, resulting in complement-C5aR1-dependent cytokine release.
Corrected and Republished from: A Nonfunctional Opsonic Antibody Response Frequently Occurs after Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Is Associated with Invasive Disease (2020)

Naturally acquired opsonic antipneumococcal antibodies are commonly found in nonvaccinated adults and confer protection against infection and colonization. Despite this, only limited data exist regarding the adaptive immune response after pneumococcal exposure. To investigate the dynamics of naturally acquired antipneumococcal immunity in relation to an episode of infection, opsonic antibody activity was studied with paired acute-phase and convalescent-phase sera obtained from 54 patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using an opsonophagocytic assay (OPA). Results were compared with clinical characteristics and anticapsular immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations. Interestingly, a nonfunctional opsonic antibody response (characterized by a decreased convalescent-phase serum OPA titer compared to that of the acute-phase serum or undetectable titers in both sera) was observed in 19 (35%) patients. The remaining individuals exhibited either an increased convalescent-phase OPA titer (<i>n </i> = <i> </i>24 [44%]) or a detectable, but unchanged, titer at both time points (<i>n </i>=<i> </i>11 [20%]). Invasive pneumococcal disease (i.e., bacteremia) was significantly more common among patients with a nonfunctional convalescent-phase response than in patients with other convalescent-phase responses. Anticapsular Ig concentrations were higher among patients with detectable convalescent-phase OPA titers (<i>P</i> = 0.003), and the greatest Ig concentration increase was observed among patients with an increased convalescent-phase response (<i>P</i> = 0.002). Our findings indicate that an episode of pneumococcal infection may act as an immunizing event. However, in some cases when patients with CAP also suffer from bacteremia, a nonfunctional opsonic antibody response may occur. Furthermore, the results suggest that factors other than anticapsular Ig concentrations determine opsonic antibody activity in serum.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Numerous reports on the dynamics of antipneumococcal immunity in relation to immunization with pneumococcal vaccines and on the prevalence of naturally acquired immunity in various populations have been published. In contrast, studies on the dynamics of the humoral immune response triggered by pneumococcal infection are scarce. This study provides valuable information that will contribute to fill this knowledge gap. Our main results indicate that a functional immune response may fail after CAP, predominantly among patients with simultaneous bacteremia.
A fast and low-voltage Cu complementary-atom-switch 1Mb array with high-temperature retention (2014)

Fast (10ns) and low voltage (2V) programming of Cu atom switch has been demonstrated in a 1Mb switch array for the first time. A newly developed redox-control buffer of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> leads to extremely steep slope switching of voltage dependent time-to-ON-state (56mV/decade), by eliminating metallic Al residues at the Cu surface. The programmed ON-state shows long lifetimes both under data-retention test at 260°C and DC stress test (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =140μA) at 125°C. A redox-control technology is indispensable for conducting bridges used in a low-power, nonvolatile programmable logic (NPL).