gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-Src Is Required for Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) Family Ligand-Mediated Neuronal Survival via a Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase (PI-3K)-Dependent Pathway (2001)

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs), consisting of GDNF, neurturin, persephin, and artemin, signal via a multicomponent complex composed of Ret tyrosine kinase and the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored coreceptors GFRalpha1-alpha4. In previous work we have demonstrated that the localization of Ret to membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts is essential for GDNF-induced downstream signaling, differentiation, and neuronal survival. Moreover, we have found that Ret interacts with members of the Src family kinases (SFK) only when it is localized to these microdomains. In the present work we show by pharmacological and genetic approaches that Src activity was necessary to elicit optimal GDNF-mediated signaling, neurite outgrowth, and survival. In particular, p60Src, but not the other ubiquitous SFKs, Fyn and Yes, was responsible for the observed effects. Moreover, Src appeared to promote neuronal survival via a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K)-dependent pathway because the PI-3K inhibitor LY294002 prevented GFL-mediated neuronal survival and prevented activated Src-mediated neuronal survival. In contrast, the inhibition of Src activity had no effects on NGF-mediated survival, indicating that the requirement for Src was selective for GFL-mediated neuronal survival. These data confirm the importance of protein-protein interactions between Ret and raft-associated proteins in the signaling pathways elicited by GDNF, and the data implicate Src as one of the major signaling molecules involved in GDNF-mediated bioactivity.
Cyclo[(6‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐D‐galactonic acid)4]: A New Class of Carbopeptoid‐Cyclodextrin. (2004)

ChemInformVolume 35, Issue 15 Natural Products Cyclo[(6-amino-6-deoxy-D-galactonic acid)4]: A New Class of Carbopeptoid-Cyclodextrin. Benjamin A. Mayes, Benjamin A. Mayes Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorRebecca J. E. Stetz, Rebecca J. E. Stetz Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorChristopher W. G. Ansell, Christopher W. G. Ansell Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorGeorge W. J. Fleet, George W. J. Fleet Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this author Benjamin A. Mayes, Benjamin A. Mayes Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorRebecca J. E. Stetz, Rebecca J. E. Stetz Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorChristopher W. G. Ansell, Christopher W. G. Ansell Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorGeorge W. J. Fleet, George W. J. Fleet Dyson Perrins Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 March 2004 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200415182Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume35, Issue15April 13, 2004 RelatedInformation
A Photon Counting Technique for Quantitatively Evaluating Progression of Peritoneal Tumor Dissemination (2006)

We recently established a mouse model of peritoneal dissemination of human gastric carcinoma, including the formation of ascites, by orthotopic transplantation of cultured gastric carcinoma cells. To clarify the processes of expansion of the tumors in this model, nude mice were sacrificed and autopsied at different points of time after the orthotopic transplantation of the cancer cells for macroscopic and histopathologic examination of the tumors. The cancer cells grew actively in the gastric submucosa and invaded the deeper layers to reach the serosal plane. The tumor cells then underwent exfoliation and became free followed by the formation of metastatic lesions initially in the greater omentum and subsequent colonization and proliferation of the tumors on the peritoneum. Although this model allowed the detection of even minute metastases, it was not satisfactory from the viewpoint of quantitative and objective evaluation. To resolve these problems, we introduced a luciferase gene into this tumor cell line with a high metastasizing potential and carried out in vivo photon counting analysis. This photon counting technique was found to allow objective and quantitative evaluation of the progression of peritoneal dissemination on a real-time basis. This animal metastatic model is useful for monitoring the responses of tumors to anticancer agents.
Development of synthetic, biomimetic extracellular matrices to direct bone tissue regeneration. (2002)

The prevalence of bone loss due to injury, disease and birth defects is a significant problem in the U.S., with costs of musculoskeletal conditions representing 12.7% of annual health care expenditures ($120 billion), and over 600,000 inpatient fracture reduction procedures performed annually. Contemporary bone replacement therapies are severely limited and invoke novel approaches. This thesis focuses on creation of biomimetic systems to direct regeneration of natural bone tissue, a promising new approach to bone tissue replacement. A bioinspired method for synthesis of a bone-like mineral film on biodegradable polymers has been developed and mechanistically characterized. Results indicate that heterogeneous mineral growth is driven by calcium binding to surface functional groups in the presence of phosphate counterions. Calcium binding is independently regulated by surface carboxyl/hydroxyl groups and phosphate ions in solution, and the effect of these regulators is similar in magnitude. These results suggest that the mechanism for mineral growth is more complex than simple electrostatic interactions, highlighting the inherent complexity of natural biomineralization processes. Mineral growth was then accomplished within a biodegradable, macroporous, three-dimensional scaffold to create a synthetic, biodegradable analog of the natural bone ECM for bone regeneration. Mineralized poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds displayed increased mechanical properties and enhanced osteoconductivity, consistent with previous studies using mineralized orthopaedic implant materials and bioactive glasses. In addition, the presence of a bone-like mineral film led to a 53% increase in bone regeneration in a rat cranial defect model. Mineralized scaffolds were also engineered to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a sustained manner to direct ingrowth of vascular tissue in concert with bone tissue regeneration. Sustained VEGF release induced rapid angiogenesis in both a rat cranial defect, and a subcutaneous pocket in SCID mice. Sustained VEGF release also led to an enhancement in mineralized tissue regeneration in the rat cranial defect, indicating that mineral presence and induced angiogenesis concertedly enhance bone tissue regeneration. Further, VEGF delivery led to enhanced differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells implanted subcutaneously, suggesting that VEGF is involved in early osteogenic differentiation of bone precursor cells.
All-optical wavelength conversion of a polarization multiplexed signal (2009)

The implementation of the all-optical wavelength-conversion (AOWC) function will be a key-feature in next-generation networks, as it could enable dynamic signal routing, wavelength reuse and path protection and restoration. At the same time, the use of differential-quadrature phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) modulation technique in combination with polarization multiplexing (POLMUX) is considered as the most promising candidate for the realization of high-bit-rate transmission links with a capacity of 100 Gb/s per wavelength and beyond.
Melanization of Candida auris is Associated with Alteration of Extracellular pH (2022)

Candida auris is a recently emerged global fungal pathogen, which causes life-threatening infections, often in healthcare settings. C. auris infections are worrisome because the fungus is often resistant to multiple antifungal drug classes. Furthermore, C. auris forms durable and difficult to remove biofilms. Due to the relatively recent, resilient, and resistant nature of C. auris , we investigated whether it produces the common fungal virulence factor melanin. Melanin is a black-brown pigment typically produced following enzymatic oxidation of aromatic precursors, which promotes fungal virulence through oxidative stress resistance, mammalian immune response evasion, and antifungal peptide and pharmaceutical inactivation. We found that certain strains of C. auris oxidized L-DOPA and catecholamines into melanin. Melanization occurred extracellularly in a process mediated by alkalinization of the extracellular environment, resulting in granule-like structures that adhere to the fungus external surface. C. auris had relatively high cell surface hydrophobicity, but there was no correlation between hydrophobicity and melanization. Melanin protected the fungus from oxidative damage, but we did not observe a protective role during infection of macrophages or Galleria mellonella larvae. In summary, C. auris alkalinizes the extracellular medium, which promotes the non-enzymatic oxidation of L-DOPA to melanin that attaches to its surface, thus illustrating a novel mechanism for fungal melanization.
Variation in Pressure in Liquid-Filled Plastic Film Bags Subjected to Drop Impact (2012)

The side-wall pressure in liquid-filled plastic film bags subjected to drop impact was measured using pressure sensors, and the relationship between the variation in pressure with time and the number of heat-sealed sides of the bag was investigated. The two samples A and B [130 × 300 mm2 (width × height)] made of transparent plastic film of 67 µm thickness were used. Sample A was a liquid-packaging bag heat-sealed at four sides, and sample B heat-sealed at three sides. The bags contained about 1,000 mL of liquid. Pressure sensors were placed at 26 positions along the inner wall surface of the bag. The samples were held at a height of 0.5 m and freely dropped onto wood floor, aluminum alloy, rubber and sponge plates on a concrete floor. The bottom drop test was carried out. Results indicate that the propagation speed of pressure is affected by the number of heated-sealed sides of the bag, and the maximum pressure by the type of floor material.
Dissolution of Man-Made Vitreous Fibers in Rat Alveolar Macrophage Culture and Gamble's Saline Solution: Influence of Different Media and Chemical Composition of the Fibers (1994)

Kirsi Luoto, Mikko Holopainen, Kirsti Karppinen, Michael Perander, Kai Savolainen, Dissolution of Man-Made Vitreous Fibers in Rat Alveolar Macrophage Culture and Gamble's Saline Solution: Influence of Different Media and Chemical Composition of the Fibers, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 5: Biopersistence of Respirable Synthetic Fibers and Minerals (Oct., 1994), pp. 103-107
A New Macular Dystrophy With Anomalous Vascular Development, Pigment Spots, Cystic Spaces, and Neovascularization (2009)

Objective: To clinically phenotype an inherited macular dystrophy with peculiar intraretinal pigment spots, cysts, and hemorrhage in a 24-year-old female proband and her family.Methods: Extended family members of the proband underwent dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and, in selected cases, fluorescein angiography and electroretinography.Results: Seventeen family members, representing 3 generations and ranging in age from 5 to 64 years, were clinically examined.Visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/ 200.Amblyopia and strabismus were frequently present in affected individuals.Consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, 7 family members had multiple central macular cystic spaces and flat, round, densely pigmented spots within the retina.There were right-angle vessels and telangiectasis in the central macula.Two subjects showed evidence of active macular neovascularization with leakage on fluorescein angiography at ages 7 and 24 years, which was responsive to either focal laser or a single injection of bevacizumab.In those cases examined, multifocal electroretinography showed a diminished foveal response.Conclusions: This spotted cystic neovascular macular dystrophy appears to represent a new autosomal dominant retinal condition.Because these patients are at risk for choroidal neovascularization, identification of the responsible gene may provide insight into the mechanisms of pathological neovascularization.
Influence of Preheating Temperature on Hardness and Microstructure of PBF Steel hs6-5-3-8 (2021)

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing process employed in many industries, for example for aerospace, automotive and medical applications. In these sectors, mainly nickel-, aluminum- and titanium-based alloys are used. In contrast, the mechanical engineering industry is interested in more wear-resistant steel alloys with higher hardness, both of which can be achieved with a higher carbon content, like in high-speed steels. Since these steels are susceptible to cracking, preheating needs to be applied during processing by LPBF. In a previous study, we applied a base plate preheating temperature of 500 &amp;deg;C for HS6-5-3-8 with 1.3 % carbon content. We were able to manufacture dense (p &amp;gt; 99.9 %) and crack-free parts from HS6-5-3-8 with a hardness &amp;gt; 62 HRC (as built) by LPBF. In this study, we investigate the influence of preheating temperatures up to 600 &amp;deg;C on hardness and microstructure dependent on part height for HS6-5-3-8. The microstructure was studied by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The analysis of hardness and microstructure at different part heights is necessary because state-of-the-art preheating systems induce heat only into the base plate. Consequently, parts are subjected to temperature gradients and different heat treatment effects depending on part height during the LPBF process.
A Review of Universal Design in Professional Architectural Education: Recommendations and Guidelines (2018)

There is a growing understanding of the widespread societal benefits of a universal design (UD). To achieve these benefits, architectural professionals must have the knowledge and skills to implement UD in practice. This paper investigates UD in the context of recent architectural education. It traces changing attitudes in the culture of architectural education, and the evolving perception of UD as an important aspect of architectural practice. Specifically, continuous professional development (CPD) can advance knowledge of UD within a human-centred design paradigm. An overview of courses and resources available to architectural professionals in a number of countries in Europe and the USA is provided. Specific recommendations and guidelines are presented that were derived from a process of engagement with Irish and international architectural professionals, architectural educators and client bodies through online survey, workshops, interviews and CPD prototypes. The research described was commissioned by the Centre for Excellence in Universal Design at the National Disability Authority, working in partnership with the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (RIAI).
Reducing bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) defects: optimizing and decoupling the filtration and dispense process (2006)

Semiconductor device manufacturing is one of the cleanest manufacturing operations that can be found in the world today. It has to be that way; a particle on a wafer today can kill an entire device, which raises the costs, and therefore reduces the profits, of the manufacturing company in two ways: it must produce extra wafers to make up for the lost die, and it has less product to sell. In today's state-of-the-art fab, everything is filtered to the lowest pore size available. This practice is fairly easy for gases because a gas molecule is very small compared to the pore size of the filter. Filtering liquids, especially photochemicals such as photoresists and BARCs, can be much harder because the molecules that form the polymers used to manufacture the photochemicals are approaching the filter pore size. As a result, filters may plug up, filtration rates may drop, pressure drops across the filter may increase, or a filter may degrade. These conditions can then cause polymer shearing, microbubble formation, gel particle formation, and BARC chemical changes to occur before the BARC reaches the wafer. To investigate these possible interactions, an Entegris(R) IntelliGen(R) pump was installed on a TEL Mk8<sup>TM</sup> track to see if the filtration process would have an effect on the BARC chemistry and coating defects. Various BARC chemicals such as DUV112 and DUV42P were pumped through various filter media having a variety of pore sizes at different filtration rates to investigate the interaction between the dispense process and the filtration process. The IntelliGen2 pump has the capability to filter the BARC independent of the dispense process. By using a designed experiment to look at various parameters such as dispense rate, filtration rate, and dispense volume, the effects of the complete pump system can be learned, and appropriate conditions can be applied to yield the cleanest BARC coating process. Results indicate that filtration rate and filter pore size play a dramatic role in the defect density on a coated wafer with the actual dispense properties such as dispense wafer speed and dispense time playing a lesser role.
Influence of the Molecular Weight on the Thermotropic Alignment of Thin Liquid Crystalline Polyfluorene Copolymer Films (2003)

Mechanisms that limit the thermotropic alignment of a liquid crystal semiconducting polymer on a rubbed polyimide film were studied using three different molecular weights of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), one of a large class of polyfluorene polymers currently being investigated for use in highly polarized light-emitting diodes and high-performance polymer-based transistors. The molecular weight was found to influence the melting temperature of the polymer, the speed at which the polymer aligns to a rubbed surface, and the ultimate molecular alignment that can be achieved. The alignment of F8BT with the highest molecular weight was severely limited by the viscosity of the polymer, while the films with low and intermediate molecular weights reached a maximum alignment in reasonable processing times. The maximum saturated dichroic ratio (Dmax) was consistently higher, the largest Dmax observed was over 29, in the lowest molecular weight films. Optical microscopy revealed that the lower dichroic ratio could be attributed to an inability of the domains in the higher molecular weight film to reorient to the templating direction; thus, the final film retains a multidomain structure. This has serious implications on the charge transport through these materials since any domain boundaries will adversely affect the charge carrier mobility. Therefore, despite the advantages that higher molecular weights could have on optoelectronic device performance, the long chain lengths will also limit macroscopic liquid crystalline alignment. For F8BT, the maximum molecular weight in which monodomain alignment is still achieved appears to be in the range 62 000−129 000.
High-Throughput Asymmetric-PCR SSCP Analysis Using Well-Controlled Temperature Conditions (1996)

Single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis is useful for mutation detection and polymorphism identification. To realize high-throughput SSCP analysis using a high-intensity electric field, the gel temperature must be well-controlled. We have developed an electrophoretic system having a pair of glass plates with an efficient temperature-controlling apparatus on each side of the gel. The gel temperature is controlled by estimating the temperature difference between the gel and the glass plates, based on a heat-transfer model. Distinctive patterns of asymmetric-PCR SSCP gel electrophoresis were obtained with this system. The patterns showed high reproducibility for an electric field ranging from 40 V/cm to 160 V/cm, as long as the same gel temperature was used. Electric-field strength had little effect on the SSCP patterns. Use of the highest electric field reduced the run time to about 100 min.
The Virus That Came In from the Cold (2012)

A common-cold virus uses an undercover strategy to avoid neutralizing antibodies in cancer patients and targets distant sites of metastatic cancer growth.
Characterization of CM-398, a Novel Selective Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand, as a Potential Therapeutic for Neuropathic Pain (2022)

Sigma receptors modulate nociception, offering a potential therapeutic target to treat pain, but relatively little is known regarding the role of sigma-2 receptors (S2R) in nociception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo analgesic and anti-allodynic activity and liabilities of a novel S2R selective ligand, 1-[4-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)butyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydro-1,3-benzimidazol-2-one (CM-398). The inhibition of thermal, induced chemical, or inflammatory pain as well as the allodynia resulting from chronic nerve constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain were assessed in male mice. CM-398 dose-dependently (10-45 mg/kg i.p.) reduced mechanical allodynia in the CCI neuropathic pain model, equivalent at the higher dose to the effect of the control analgesic gabapentin (50 mg/kg i.p.). Likewise, pretreatment (i.p.) with CM-398 dose-dependently produced antinociception in the acetic acid writhing test (ED<sub>50</sub> (and 95% C.I.) = 14.7 (10.6-20) mg/kg, i.p.) and the formalin assay (ED<sub>50</sub> (and 95% C.I.) = 0.86 (0.44-1.81) mg/kg, i.p.) but was without effect in the 55 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. A high dose of CM-398 (45 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited modest locomotor impairment in a rotarod assay and conditioned place aversion, potentially complicating the interpretation of nociceptive testing. However, in an operant pain model resistant to these confounds, mice experiencing CCI and treated with CM-398 demonstrated robust conditioned place preference. Overall, these results demonstrate the S2R selective antagonist CM-398 produces antinociception and anti-allodynia with fewer liabilities than established therapeutics, adding to emerging data suggesting possible mediation of nociception by S2R, and the development of S2R ligands as potential treatments for chronic pain.