gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recyclable Polymer-Supported Organolanthanide Hydroamination Catalysts. Immobilization and Activation via Dynamic Transamination (2006)

A series of divinylbenzene cross-linked, amino-functionalized polystyrene resins such as aminomethylated polystyrenes of varying mesh size, piperazinomethyl polystyrene, 1,12-diaminododecanetrityl resin, 1,7-diaminoheptanetrityl resin, 1,2-diaminoethanetrityl resin, 1,4-bis-(aminomethyl)benzenetrityl resin, N-(2-aminoethyl)aminomethyl polystyrene, cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanetrityl resin, and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexanetrityl resin are used as supports for the intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization precatalysts Cp‘2SmCH(SiMe3)2, Cp‘2LaCH(SiMe3)2 (Cp‘ = η5-Me5C5), and CGCSmN(SiMe3)2 (CGC = Me2Si[(η5-Me4C5)(tBuN)]). It is shown that these catalyst precursors can be immobilized on the polymer supports via transaminative protonolysis to give the corresponding bound precatalysts, which, in the presence of aminoalkene substrates, are transaminatively released for efficient homogeneous intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization processes. Upon substrate consumption, the catalysts are readsorbed on the supports. In many cases, these catalysts exhibit activities comparable to the homogeneous precursors and are recoverable/recyclable with only minor to moderate loss of activity, depending on the particular resin amino substituents.
Health Care During Incarceration: A Policy Position Paper From the American College of Physicians (2022)

The American College of Physicians (ACP) has a long-standing commitment to improving the health of all Americans and opposes any form of discrimination in the delivery of health care services. ACP is committed to working toward fully understanding and supporting the unique needs of the incarcerated population and eliminating health disparities for these persons. In this position paper, ACP offers recommendations to policymakers and administrators to improve the health and well-being of persons incarcerated in adult correctional facilities.
Prolonging the Lifetime of Relativistic Particles by Self-Accelerating Dirac Wavepackets (2015)

We show that shaping the wavepackets of Dirac particles can alter fundamental relativistic effects such as length contraction and time dilation. For example, shaping decaying particles as self-accelerating Dirac wavepackets extends their lifetime
<title>EZ-scan: single-beam measurement technique for thin-film nonlinearities</title> (1994)

Experimental and theoretical results are given for studies of optical limiters designed to increase the functional range without incurring optical damage. In particular, we investigate a tandem geometry with two passive nonlinear elements, one placed in the focal plane of a lens and the second placed `upstream' of the focal position to protect the material at focus from damage. To provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of this geometry, simple limiters consisting of combinations of reverse saturable absorber dyes and a carbon black suspension in thin cells were tested. Our results show that a substantial increase in device performance can be achieved by use of a tandem limiter geometry. Simple modelling predicts that the dynamic range of a separate- element tandem limiter is given by the product of the dynamic ranges of the individual component limiting elements, in agreement with our experimental results. We also describe our numerical beam propagation code, which must be applied for thick limiting elements and in other cases where simple modelling is invalid.
High-Mobility Transparent SnO2 and ZnO–SnO2 Thin-Film Transistors with SiO2/Al2O3 Gate Insulators (2009)

Using a double-layered gate insulator [SiO2 (100 nm)/Al2O3 (10 nm)] and a dry-etching process for the channel layer, we could obtain high mobility top-gate SnO2 and ZnO–SnO2 (ZTO) transparent thin-film transistor (TTFT). After annealing at 300 °C, for 1 h in O2 ambient, the saturated mobility of SnO2 TTFT was 17.4 cm2 s-1 V-1, and that of ZTO TTFT was 50.4 cm2 s-1 V-1. Generally, both devices operated in the enhancement mode with a drain current on-off ratio of ∼106.
Developing Secure Software A Holistic Approach to Security Testing Building secure software requires a well-selected combination of security testing techniques during the whole software development lifecycle. (2014)

Security vulnerabilities are a serious threat to software vendors and their customers: they can result in both monetary loss as well as loss of reputation. Thus, implementing a rigid secure software development lifecycle is a competitive advantage for a software vendor. A holistic security testing approach must cover the whole software development lifecycle across all software products and all security threats. In this article, we discuss a holistic security testing approach that was developed at SAP, a large vendor of enterprise software.
An automated multiport measurement system for linear and non-linear characterization of N-port microwave devices (2009)

A measurement system based on microwave transition analyzer (MTA) as a receiver is proposed for time domain and frequency domain characterization of linear and non-linear N-port microwave devices. The proposed measurement system is able to perform full S-parameters characterization for N-port devices with only one measurement connection step. The system is also sensitive to the input power variation without the need of recalibration at each input power level.
A 3.0μW@5fps QQVGA Self-Controlled Wake-Up Imager with On-Chip Motion Detection, Auto-Exposure and Object Recognition (2020)

Analyzing image content usually comes at the expense of a power consumption incompatible with battery-powered systems. Aiming at proposing a solution to this problem, this paper presents an imager with full on-chip object recognition, consuming sub-10μW using standard 4T pixels in 90nm imaging CMOS technology, opening the path for both wake-up and high-quality imaging. It combines multi-modality event-of-interest detection with self-controlled capabilities, a key for low-power applications. It embeds a log-domain auto-exposure algorithm to increase on-chip automation. The power consumption figures range from 3.0 to 5.7μW at 5fps for a QQVGA resolution while enabling background subtraction and single-scale object recognition. This typically shows a measured 94% accuracy for a face detection use case.
Abdominal expiratory activity in the rat brainstem–spinal cord in situ: patterns, origins and implications for respiratory rhythm generation (2009)

We studied respiratory neural activity generated during expiration. Motoneuronal activity was recorded simultaneously from abdominal (AbN), phrenic (PN), hypoglossal (HN) and central vagus nerves from neonatal and juvenile rats in situ. During eupnoeic activity, low-amplitude post-inspiratory (post-I) discharge was only present in AbN motor outflow. Expression of AbN late-expiratory (late-E) activity, preceding PN bursts, occurred during hypercapnia. Biphasic expiratory (biphasic-E) activity with pre-inspiratory (pre-I) and post-I discharges occurred only during eucapnic anoxia or hypercapnic anoxia. Late-E activity generated during hypercapnia (7-10% CO(2)) was abolished with pontine transections or chemical suppression of retrotrapezoid nucleus/ventrolateral parafacial (RTN/vlPF). AbN late-E activity during hypercapnia is coupled with augmented pre-I discharge in HN, truncated PN burst, and was quiescent during inspiration. Our data suggest that the pons provides a necessary excitatory drive to an additional neural oscillatory mechanism that is only activated under conditions of high respiratory drive to generate late-E activity destined for AbN motoneurones. This mechanism may arise from neurons located in the RTN/vlPF or the latter may relay late-E activity generated elsewhere. We hypothesize that this oscillatory mechanism is not a necessary component of the respiratory central pattern generator but constitutes a defensive mechanism activated under critical metabolic conditions to provide forced expiration and reduced upper airway resistance simultaneously. Possible interactions of this oscillator with components of the brainstem respiratory network are discussed.
Circular dichroism measurements in the VUV (1991)

The extension of circular dichroism measurements into the VUV region was motivated by the need to provide supplementary techniques to the absorption studies lacking rotational and vibrational structure. CD as one of these techniques is determined by selection rules which differ from those in absorption and thus enables the assignment of excited electronic states. Another application of VUVCD measurements is the use of correlation between the sign of the CD signal and the absolute configuration to formulate sector rules of chromophores absorbing only in the VUV. In this review we will present results obtained on our home-made instrument capable of measuring CD signal down to 150 nm. These applications of VUVCD will be demonstrated in systems such as the oxirane chromophore, the methylenecyclohexene chromophore and the amine chromophore. The role of singlet-triplet transitions and their contribution to CD and ORD will also be discussed.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Characterization of <i>TMPRSS2</i>-ETS Gene Aberrations in Androgen-Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Characterization of &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2&lt;/i&gt;-ETS Gene Aberrations in Androgen-Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Dendrimers toward Translational Nanotherapeutics: Concise Key Step Analysis (2020)

The goal of nanomedicine is to address specific clinical problems optimally, to fight human diseases, and to find clinical relevance to change clinical practice. Nanomedicine is poised to revolutionize medicine via the development of more precise diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The field of nanomedicine encompasses numerous features and therapeutic disciplines. A plethora of nanomolecular structures have been engineered and developed for therapeutic applications based on their multitasking abilities and the wide functionalization of their core scaffolds and surface groups. Within nanoparticles used for nanomedicine, dendrimers as well polymers have demonstrated strong potential as nanocarriers, therapeutic agents, and imaging contrast agents. In this review, we present and discuss the different criteria and parameters to be addressed to prepare and develop druggable nanoparticles in general and dendrimers in particular. We also describe the major requirements, included in the preclinical and clinical roadmap, for NPs/dendrimers for the preclinical stage to commercialization. Ultimately, we raise the clinical translation of new nanomedicine issues.
The development of a sound viewer for an open hypermedia system (1995)

Abstract While rich support for a wide variety of media such as text, video and image is common among contemporary hypermedia systems, so too is the inadequate support for audio. The primary reason that audio has not attracted as much attention as other media can be attributed to its obvious lack of visual identity. The main focus of this work was to identify a generic and meaningful visual representation of audio within a hypermedia context, and significantly promote hypermedia support for audio through the provision of a sound viewer. This paper describes the inherent difficulties in providing a consistent interface to audio, and discusses in some depth the issues raised during the development process. The sound viewer is then introduced and the associated concepts described. The creation and traversal of links to and from audio are facilitated by the sound viewer across formats including WAV (proprietary digital sound file format from Microsoft), CD (Compact Disc) Audio and MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). The resultant viewer provides a unified and extensible framework for interacting with audio from within an open hypermedia environment. The open hypermedia system Microcosm was used as the development platform for this work. Microcosm can be augmented to supply a hypermedia link service to additional media with minimal overhead.
Designed copper–amine complex as an efficient template for one-pot synthesis of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite with excellent activity for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (2011)

Low-cost copper-amine complex was rationally designed to be a novel template for one-pot synthesis of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites. Proper confirmation and appropriate size make this complex fit well with CHA cages as an efficient template. The products exhibit superior catalytic performance on NH(3)-SCR reaction.
FioreDB: a database of phenotypic information induced by the chimeric repressor silencing technology (CRES-T) in Arabidopsis and floricultural plants (2008)

Manipulation of horticultural plants' traits using genetic engineering has been a challenge because of gene redundancy and limited information concerning genome or other factors necessary for successful engineering. Recently we have developed a powerful tool with potential to overcome these difficulties, a novel gene silencing technology targeting transcription factor, which is designated Chimeric REpressor gene-Silencing Technology (CRES-T). Using this system, we are now analyzing biological functions of transcription factors in Arabidopsis and trying to manipulate morphological traits of various floricultural plants. To provide these information for genetic engineering of horticultural plants, we have developed the ‘FioreDB’ database in a web-based interface (http://www.cres-t.org/fiore/public_db/), which stores phenotypic information induced by various chimeric repressors in Arabidopsis and six floricultural plants, namely torenia, chrysanthemum, gentian, cyclamen, eustoma, morning glory. Users can find gene constructs that induce their preferred phenotype in Arabidopsis using simple searches, and can browse induced phenotypes in floricultural plants. Most phenotypic information has photo data. FioreDB is continually updated by addition of new data derived from the CRES-T analyses. FioreDB will help to improve traits of horticultural plants using the CRES-T system.
Improvement of barrier properties of glycol modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) based nanocomposites containing graphene derivatives forms (2017)

The development and further studies on several types of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) have enabled manufacture of electrically conductive and reinforced polymer nanocomposites with enhanced gas barrier performance at extremely low loading. Herein, we present the synthesis process, morphology and gas barrier properties of the glycol modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG) based nanocomposites. For the first time, we compared how different types of GNPs, at the same nanofiller's content of 0.5 wt %, affect the properties of polymer matrix obtained by in situ polymerization.
Delayed Bandit Online Learning with Unknown Delays. (2018)

This paper studies bandit learning problems with delayed feedback, which included multi-armed bandit (MAB) and bandit convex optimization (BCO). Given only function value information (a.k.a. bandit feedback), algorithms for both MAB and BCO typically rely on (possibly randomized) gradient estimators based on function values, and then feed them into well-studied gradient-based algorithms. Different from existing works however, the setting considered here is more challenging, where the bandit feedback is not only delayed but also the presence of its delay is not revealed to the learner. Existing algorithms for delayed MAB and BCO become intractable in this setting. To tackle such challenging settings, DEXP3 and DBGD have been developed for MAB and BCO, respectively. Leveraging a unified analysis framework, it is established that both DEXP3 and DBGD guarantee an ${\cal O}\big( \sqrt{T+D} \big)$ regret over $T$ time slots with $D$ being the overall delay accumulated over slots. The new regret bounds match those in full information settings.
Resistance switching at the nanometre scale in amorphous carbon (2011)

The electrical transport and resistance switching mechanism in amorphous carbon (a-C) is investigated at the nanoscale. The electrical conduction in a-C thin films is shown to be captured well by a Poole–Frenkel transport model that involves nonisolated traps. Moreover, at high electric fields a field-induced threshold switching phenomenon is observed. The following resistance change is attributed to Joule heating and subsequent localized thermal annealing. We demonstrate that the mechanism is mostly due to clustering of the existing sp2 sites within the sp3 matrix. The electrical conduction behaviour, field-induced switching and Joule-heating-induced rearrangement of atomic order resulting in a resistance change are all reminiscent of conventional phase-change memory materials. This suggests the potential of a-C as a similar nonvolatile memory candidate material.
Design of Potent and Druglike Nonphenolic Inhibitors for Catechol O-Methyltransferase Derived from a Fragment Screening Approach Targeting the S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Pocket (2016)

A fragment screening approach designed to target specifically the S-adenosyl-l-methionine pocket of catechol O-methyl transferase allowed the identification of structurally related fragments of high ligand efficiency and with activity on the described orthogonal assays. By use of a reliable enzymatic assay together with X-ray crystallography as guidance, a series of fragment modifications revealed an SAR and, after several expansions, potent lead compounds could be obtained. For the first time nonphenolic and small low nanomolar potent, SAM competitive COMT inhibitors are reported. These compounds represent a novel series of potent COMT inhibitors that might be further optimized to new drugs useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, as adjuncts in levodopa based therapy, or for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Multicell zero-forcing and user scheduling on the downlink of a linear cell-array (2009)

Coordinated base station (BS) transmission has attracted much interest for its potential to increase the capacity of wireless networks. Yet at the same time, the sum-rate with single-cell processing (SCP) is known to scale optimally with the number of users in a Rayleigh fading environment. One may therefore ask if the value of BS coordination is limited in the many user regime from a sum-rate perspective. With this in mind we consider multicell zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) on the downlink of a linear cell-array. We first identify the beamforming weights and the optimal scheduling policy under a perbase power constraint. We then compare the number of users m and n required per-cell to achieve the same mean SINR, after optimal scheduling, with SCP and ZFBF respectively. Specifically, we show that the ratio m/n grows logarithmically with n. Finally, we demonstrate that the difference in sum-rate between ZFBF and SCP is significant for all practical values of number of users.
[In Japanese. / En japonais.] (2000)

Product specifications and evaluation test methods used for refrigeration lubricants are described. There are two product specifications globally, the Japanese JIS K2211 and the German DIN 51503-1. Other properties such as refrigerant solubility, chemical stability, and lubricity are also very important factors for the design of lubricants. Some typical test methods are presented. The author briefly introduces the history of the development and the current status of refrigeration lubricants for HFCs and natural working fluids. Refrigeration lubricants are generally tailor-made products, and it is very difficult to exchange technical information among competitors. In the paper, the properties of the products on the market from the major suppliers are shown.
Ordinal measures for visual correspondence (1996)

We present ordinal measures for establishing image correspondence. Linear correspondence measures like correlation and the sum of squared differences are known to be fragile. Ordinal measures, which are based on relative ordering of intensity values in windows, have demonstrable robustness to depth discontinuities, occlusion and noise. The relative ordering of intensity values in each window is represented by a rank permutation which is obtained by sorting the corresponding intensity data. By using a novel distance metric between the rank permutations, we arrive at ordinal correlation coefficients. These coefficients are independent of absolute intensity scale, i.e. they are normalized measures. Further, since rank permutations are invariant to monotone transformations of the intensity values, the coefficients are unaffected by nonlinear effects like gamma variation between images. We have developed a simple algorithm for their efficient implementation. Experiments suggest the superiority of ordinal measures over existing techniques under non-ideal conditions. Though we present ordinal measures in the context of stereo, they serve as a general tool for image matching that is applicable to other vision problems such as motion estimation and image registration.
Engineered red blood cells (activating antigen carriers) drive potent T cell responses and tumor regression in mice (2022)

Activation of T cell responses is essential for effective tumor clearance; however, inducing targeted, potent antigen presentation to stimulate T cell responses remains challenging. We generated Activating Antigen Carriers (AACs) by engineering red blood cells (RBCs) to encapsulate relevant tumor antigens and the adjuvant polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), for use as a tumor-specific cancer vaccine. The processing method and conditions used to create the AACs promote phosphatidylserine exposure on RBCs and thus harness the natural process of aged RBC clearance to enable targeting of the AACs to endogenous professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) without the use of chemicals or viral vectors. AAC uptake, antigen processing, and presentation by APCs drive antigen-specific activation of T cells, both in mouse <i>in vivo</i> and human <i>in vitro</i> systems, promoting polyfunctionality of CD8+ T cells and, in a tumor model, driving high levels of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell infiltration and tumor killing. The efficacy of AAC therapy was further enhanced by combination with the chemotherapeutic agent Cisplatin. In summary, these findings support AACs as a potential vector-free immunotherapy strategy to enable potent antigen presentation and T cell stimulation by endogenous APCs with broad therapeutic potential.
The Structure of Sideritol, a Diterpenoid of the ent-Atisane Class (1974)

Sideritol, C 20 H 32 O 3 , diterpenoid isolated from Sideritisangustifolia Lag., has been shown to be ent-13-atisen-1β, 16α, 17-triol (1). Sideritol is the first reported oxygenated diterpenoid of the ent-atisane class which does not contain nitrogen. The transformation of sideritol into ent-17-noratisane (11), previously prepared from atisine, rigorously defines the skeleton and absolute stereochemistry of sideritol.