gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peel-off patterning of a high geometric fill factor semi-transparent organic photovoltaic module (2022)

Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) are considered as an attractive solution for power-generating windows. Typically, the module geometric fill factor (GFF) is limited by low-resolution patterning approaches. Here, we demonstrate a solvent-free polymer-based peel-off patterning method, which can achieve the resolution of photolithographic patterning of chemically sensitive organic materials. An ~13 cm² ST-OPV module fabricated using this method, achieves GFF > 95%, and a power conversion efficiency approaching 8% which shows less than 10% loss compared to a 4 mm² device. This method enables a viable path for achieving ST-OPVs at larger scales.
Towards a miniaturized application-specific Raman spectrometer (2020)

Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in analytical chemistry for identification of molecules based on the analysis of spectral lines in the Raman spectrum corresponding to molecular vibrations. For solids and gases, usually high spectral resolution is required. For many other applications, however, a high spectral resolution is less critical, while compactness and reduced system cost are increasingly important. Several studies have already shown the applicability of low resolution Raman spectroscopy (LRRS) systems to a wide variety of fields, such as in situ monitoring of process control, on-site detection of illicit drugs and explosives, on-site detection of water contamination, and safety analysis of edible oil. In this work, we illustrate how imec’s CMOS based hyperspectral (HS) filter technology can be used to build a very compact, low cost, mass-manufacturable Raman spectrometer where spectral resolution can be traded for increased sensitivity, hence better SNR and/or shorter acquisition time. Furthermore, unlike other types of Raman spectrometers, the proposed system can be tailored to the application by only targeting specific Raman bands, e.g., 400-1500cm<sup>-1</sup> and 3000-4000cm<sup>-1</sup>, by selecting the right set of HS filters for a given wavelength. This enables further improvements in system performance, or even use for Raman imaging. The HS filter technology is currently already used in various commercially available HS cameras for imaging applications in the VIS-NIR (470-900nm), NIR (600-970nm) and SWIR range (1100-1700nm) to study the reflectance or transmission spectra of the imaged targets. Proof-of-concept Raman measurements have been successfully performed in a laboratory setup where the impact of using different HS filter selections or layouts and different cooled and uncooled cameras can be tested. Furthermore, the measurements closely match the predicted spectra obtained with our in-house developed HS-based Raman spectrometer simulation software, which can be used for design space exploration to optimize each of the system components (optical module, rejection filters, HS filters and image sensor) for the target application.
Retrograde amnesia with transposition in the past: A neuropsychological and PET study of a case. (2019)

The "transposition in the past" phenomenon illustrates the relationship between both episodic and autobiographical memories and the functioning of self, according to the SMS model. Moreover, this case suggests the involvement of the hippocampus in this phenomenon. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
CLINICAL RESULTS OF A SORBENT SYSTEM COMBINED WITH HIGH-FLUX DIALYSIS (HFD) TO REMOVE β2-MICROGLOBULIN (β2-M) IN ENDSTAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) (2001)

Accumulation of β2-M in ESRD correlates with the development of dialysis related amyloidosis. HFD membranes have more efficient mass transfer, mostly by convection, of β2-M than cuprophane. However HFD is only able to remove 50% of daily β2-M generation. A biocompatible polymer adsorbent hemoperfusion (HP) device (BetaSorbTM) containing 300 ml of a polystyrene-like adsorbent with efficient removal of β2-M was inserted upstream of a HFD (HF80, Fresenius, Bad Homburg) in the blood circuit in 2 ESRD patients, during one routine hemodialysis (HD). During combined HP/HD β2-M was measured at timed intervals, as were platelet and white cell counts. Blood flow rates were 405 ml/min and 380 ml/min in patients #1 and #2 respectively. Single pool (sp) Kt/Vβ-M was calculated, and compared to the high-flux arm (F80 dialyzers, Fresenius, Bad Homburg) of the HEMO study.TableCombined HP/HD was well tolerated by both pts. Neither platelets nor WBC (corrected for ultrafiltration) changed significantly. spKt/Vβ2-M was 1.7 and 1.37, while rebound equilibrium of β2-M would be achieved in 87 mins and 108 mins, in patients #1 and #2 respectively. β2-M concentrations were similar to, but spKt/Vβ-M, exceeded, that observed in the large HEMO study of HFD. This is the first resin HP device not associated with a fall in platelet count. In view of the efficient removal of β2-M a multicenter study of this device combined with HFD is planned.
An allosteric ligand stabilizes distinct conformations in the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (2021)

Abstract Allosteric modulators provide therapeutic advantages over orthosteric drugs. A plethora of allosteric modulators have been identified for several GPCRs, particularly for muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) 1,2 . To study the molecular mechanisms governing allosteric modulation, we utilized a recently developed NMR system to investigate the conformational changes in the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) in response to the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) LY2119620. Our studies provide the first biophysical data showing that LY2119620 can substantially change the structure and dynamics of M2R in both the extracellular and G-protein coupling domains during the activation process. These NMR data suggest that LY2119620 may function by stabilizing distinct sets of conformations not observed in the presence of orthosteric agonists alone, which may account for the different signaling behaviors of the M2R when bound to LY2119620. Our studies provide new structural information for understanding the mechanism of GPCR allostery, and may facilitate the rational design of allosteric therapeutics targeting muscarinic receptors.
Desorption characteristics of isopropanol (IPA) and moisture from IPA vapor dried silicon wafers (1989)

In order to estimate the cleanliness of wafer surfaces cleaned and dried with various procedures, the outgassing from these wafer surfaces was analyzed by highly sensitive atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (APIMS). In particular, the desorption of isopropanol (IPA) and moisture from wafers after IPA vapor drying was investigated by introducing the desorbed gases from wafer surfaces into APIMS. It is shown that desorbed trace impurities, the amounts of which are as small as 1/10 of a monomolecular layer of adsorption, were qualitatively and quantitatively detectable under these experimental conditions. As a result, it was confirmed that the desorption behavior is influenced by the surface condition of the wafers, caused by the wet chemical processes and the drying methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metal fluoride coatings prepared by ion-assisted deposition (2008)

ArF lithography technology requires minimization of optical losses due to scattering and absorption. Consequently, it is necessary to optimize the coating process of metal fluorides. The properties of metal fluoride thin films are mainly affected by the deposition methods, their parameters (temperature and deposition rate) and the vacuum conditions. A substrate temperature of more than 300&deg;C is a condition for high density and low water content of metal fluorides. Therefore, a substrate temperature of 150&deg;C results in inhomogeneous films with high water content. Until now, the best results were achieved by boat evaporation. This paper will demonstrate that most of the common metal fluorides like MgF<sub>2</sub>, AlF<sub>3</sub>, and even LaF<sub>3</sub> can be deposited by electron beam evaporation. In comparison to other deposition methods, the prepared thin films have the lowest absorption in the VUV spectral range. Furthermore, metal fluoride thin films were prepared by ion assistance. It will be demonstrated, that they have less water content, high packing density, and low absorption in the VUV spectral range. In this study, single layers of LaF<sub>3</sub> and AlF<sub>3</sub> and antireflection coatings were prepared by electron beam evaporation with and without ion-assistance. The mechanical, structural, and optical properties were examined and discussed.
Search for gravitational-wave bursts in the first year of the fifth LIGO science run (2009)

We present the results obtained from an all-sky search for gravitational-wave (GW) bursts in the 64-2000 Hz frequency range in data collected by the LIGO detectors during the first year (November 2005-November 2006) of their fifth science run. The total analyzed live time was 268.6 days. Multiple hierarchical data analysis methods were invoked in this search. The overall sensitivity expressed in terms of the root-sum-square (rss) strain amplitude hrss for gravitational-wave bursts with various morphologies was in the range of 6×10-22Hz-1/2 to a few×10-21Hz-1/2. No GW signals were observed and a frequentist upper limit of 3.75 events per year on the rate of strong GW bursts was placed at the 90% confidence level. As in our previous searches, we also combined this rate limit with the detection efficiency for selected waveform morphologies to obtain event rate versus strength exclusion curves. In sensitivity, these exclusion curves are the most stringent to date.
Carbon compounds in lunar fines from Mare Tranquillitatis. I - Search for molecules of biological significance (1970)

Apollo 11 lunar fines carbon compounds, examining chemical state of porphyrins, fatty and amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and carbohydrates, etc
Spaces of Adventure and Cultural Politics of Masculinity: R M Ballantyne and The Young Fur Traders (1995)

Masculinities reflect the characteristics of the spaces—real and imaginary, material and metaphorical—in which they are constructed. Mapmakers, ranging from academic geographers to popular storytellers, chart masculinist geographies: Spaces in which masculinities are mapped. One important genre of masculinist geographical narrative is adventure. I explore the masculinism of adventure through a detailed, contextual reading of one particular adventure story. The Young Fur Traders—a British Victorian boys' adventure story set in Canada, written by the Scottish writer Robert Michael Ballantyne. In the setting of The Young Fur Traders, Ballantyne mapped a form of masculinity known generally as Christian manliness. Literal journeys through the spaces of adventure constituted metaphorical journeys through adolescence, from white, middle-class boyhood to white, middle-class manhood. Settings—liminal, largely unknown but broadly realistic, male-dominated, primitive, simplified, and idealised spaces—were imprinted upon this masculinity. The settings of adventure stories arc cultural spaces in which hegemonic masculinity is mapped and, in some cases, unmapped.
REPLY: DISCREPANCY IN PEPTIDES SERIOUSLY DAMAGES STUDY (1997)

We appreciate the opportunity to clarify the issues raised by Dr. Butcher's letter regarding our recent article (1). We agree with him that the synthesis of the peptides was based on the published sequences of the WAG rat, normally of the RT1u haplotype (2). Our data showed that intrathymic (IT) injection of the “non-immunogenic peptides” led to donor-specific systemic tolerance to cardiac allografts in the Wister Furth-to-ACI rat combination. Later, we came across the other publications (3-5) which showed the “true” RT1.Au sequences and demonstrated that the earlier published WAG sequences matched the RT1l. The word “controversy” in our Materials and Methods was used not to question the validity of the newly published sequences, but rather to indicate that they existed. While we do acknowledge the recently published RT1.Au sequences, our data remain unchanged. The interpretation of the data and the possible underlying mechanisms of tolerance induction are of great interest, especially since the “non-immunogenic” peptides wore tolerogenic, contrary to the findings of Sayegh et al using the MHC class II peptides (6). We speculate that specificity may be conferred by the graft antigens and not the peptides. In addition, since we required the use of relatively high doses of the peptides to induce tolerance, it is possible that the mechanisms of action of the peptides may be related to recognition of an altered peptide in the thymic microenvironment leading to systemic tolerance. Following our published data, we are currently studying the tolerogenicity of the “immunogenic peptides.” Our preliminary results suggest that one of the three peptides alone is sufficient to induce antigen-specific tolerance. Furthermore, we have synthesized the “true” RT1.Au peptides published by Walter et al. (4) and Butcher and his group (3) and determined which are immunogenic. We plan to compare the tolerogenicity of these peptides with the earlier ones used in our rat cardiac allograft tolerance model. Nepal C. Chowdhury1; Mohamed H. Sayegh2; Soji F. Oluwole1,3 College of Physicians & Surgeons; Columbia University; New York, New York; Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts
The Pegasus heterogeneous multidatabase system (1991)

Pegasus, a heterogeneous multidatabase management system that responds to the need for effective access and management of shared data across in a wide range of applications, is described. Pegasus provides facilities for multidatabase applications to access and manipulate multipole autonomous heterogeneous distributed object-oriented relational, and other information systems through a uniform interface. It is a complete data management system that integrates various native and local databases. Pegasus takes advantage of object-oriented data modeling and programming capabilities. It uses both type and function abstractions to deal with mapping and integration problems. Function implementation can be defined in an underlying database language or a programming language. Data abstraction and encapsulation facilities in the Pegasus object model provide an extensible framework for dealing with various kinds of heterogeneities in the traditional database systems and nontraditional data sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figures 6 - 7 from Mechanistic Contribution of Ubiquitous 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Expression Loss in Cancer Cells to Terminal Cell Differentiation Evasion (2023)

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A 0.25mm2 AC-biased MEMS microphone interface with 58dBA SNR (2013)

Capacitive MEMS microphone roadmaps are mainly driven by increasing SNR and reducing size/cost. This requires smaller microphones, ASICs with lower noise and smaller area, and cheaper packaging. Because of fundamental limitations, traditional DC-biased microphones will have difficulty following these trends. This paper proposes an AC-biasing scheme, which leads to a significant reduction in ASIC size and module packaging cost.
Artificial Visual Systems With Tunable Photoconductivity Based on Organic Molecule‐Nanowire Heterojunctions (2022)

Abstract The visual system, one of the most crucial units of the human perception system, combines the functions of multi‐wavelength signal detection and data processing. Herein, the large‐scale artificial synaptic device arrays based on the organic molecule‐nanowire heterojunctions with tunable photoconductivity are proposed and demonstrated. The organic thin films of p‐type 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1] benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) or n‐type phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) are used to wrap the InGaAs nanowire parallel arrays to configure two different type‐I heterojunctions, respectively. Due to the difference in carrier injection, persistent negative photoconductivity (NPC) or positive photoconductivity (PPC) are achieved in these heterojunctions. The irradiation with different wavelengths (solar‐blind to visible ranges) can stimulate the heterojunction devices, effectively mimicking the synaptic behaviors with two different photoconductivities. The long‐term and multi‐state light memory are also realized through synergistic photoelectric modulation. Notably, the arrays with different photoconductivities are adopted to build the hardware kernel for the visual system. Due to the tunable photoconductivity and response to multiple wavelengths, the recognition rate of neural networks can reach 100% with lower complexity and power consumption. Evidently, these photosynaptic devices are illustrated with retina‐like behaviors and capabilities for large‐area integration, which reveals their promising potential for artificial visual systems.
5-Fluorocytosine: Inhibition of Hematopoiesis in Vitro and Reversal of Inhibition by Uracil (1979)

The in vitro effect of 5-fluorocytosine on human and murine hematopoiesis was studied by means of soft-gel assays for erythroid and myeloid colony-forming cells. The drug consistently inhibited colony formation by granulocyte-monocyte and erythroid precursor cells. Clear effects were observable at concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine of 5 x 10(-5) M (6.5 micrograms/ml), and concentrations of 5 x 10(-4) M (65 micrograms/ml) caused approximately 90% inhibition of cloning of bone marrow myeloid colony-forming cells from mice and normal humans. Greater concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine were required to inhibit erythroid progenitors than to inhibit myeloid precursors. Uracil competitively reversed the toxicity of 5-fluorocytosine. Our data strongly suggest that the hematopoietic toxicity of 5-5-fluorocytosine is mediated through cellular metabolism of the drug. The reversal of mammalian, but not of fungal, cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorocytosine by uracil may have important clinical applications.
Experimental Study on Interaction Between Waves and Netting: Damping Effects and Forces (2007)

One of the possibilities to expand sea-based fish farming is to move the aquaculture installations away from the conflicts of the coastal zone, and into more open ocean locations. However, open ocean aquaculture puts other demands on the structures than aquaculture in sheltered locations, and in this context it is necessary to understand the behaviour of the aquaculture structures as they are exposed to large sea-loads from waves and current. Flexible netting is a main part of most sea-based aquaculture structures, and in this paper the interaction between waves and netting is studied. Experiments were conducted at the narrow wave flume facility at the University of Oslo, Norway, where several different regular wave cases were run through netting with different solidity. The wave energy was measured after the wave had passed through the net and compared with the energy of an undisturbed wave to assess the wave damping properties of the net. The vertical and horizontal forces were also measured. The findings show that the damping effects of the netting are not necessarily correlated with the wave forces, indicated complex nonlinear processes contributing to the fluid-net interaction. The amount of nonlinear energy in the wave and force waveforms is also investigated, and it is shown that the nonlinear energy in the incoming wave results in an even higher level of nonlinear components in the forces experienced by the net.
Immersion specific defect mechanisms: findings and recommendations for their control (2006)

Defectivity has been one of the largest unknowns in immersion lithography. It is critical to understand if there are any immersion specific defect modes, and if so, what their underlying mechanisms are. Through this understanding, any identified defect modes can be reduced or eliminated to help advance immersion lithography to high yield manufacturing. Since February 2005, an ASML XT:1250Di immersion scanner has been operational at IMEC. A joint program was established to understand immersion defectivity by bringing together expertise from IMEC, ASML, resist vendors, IC manufactures, TEL, and KLA-Tencor. This paper will cover the results from these efforts. The new immersion specific defect modes that will be discussed are air bubbles in the immersion fluid, water marks, wafer edge film peeling, and particle transport. As part of the effort to understand the parameters that drive these defects, IMEC has also developed novel techniques for characterizing resist leaching and water uptake. The findings of our investigations into each immersion specific defect mechanism and their influencing factors will be given in this paper, and an attempt will be made to provide recommendations for a process space to operate in to limit these defects.
Comparison of autocrine mechanisms promoting motility in two metastatic cell lines: Human melanoma and ras‐transfected NIH3T3 cells (1991)

Tumor-cell migration plays an essential role in invasion into surrounding tissues and the formation of metastatic colonies in distant organs. Metastatic human A2058 melanoma and ras-transfected NIH3T3 cells produce autocrine motility factors (AMFs) which stimulate their own motility, and the A2058 cell AMF (AMF/A2058) has been purified. In this study, we partially purified the AMF produced by N-ras-transfected NIH3T3 cells (AMF/NIH3T3) and compared it with AMF/A2058. The two AMFs differed in their gel filtration patterns and heat stability, although both elicited migration of N-ras-transfected NIH3T3 cells. The receptor for AMF/A2058 in A2058 cells is linked to a pertussis-toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein. Pre-treatment of N-ras-transfected NIH3T3 cells with pertussis toxin also specifically blocked the promotion of motility by AMF/A2058, but did not affect the activity of AMF/NIH3T3. Stimulation of N-ras-transfected NIH3T3 cells by both AMFs elicited an additive response. Thus, the autocrine mechanisms of these two metastatic tumor cell lines are different with regard to the AMF molecules, receptors, and signal transduction pathways.
P4‐664: A PHASE 1 STUDY OF AL001 IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA PATIENTS CARRYING A GRANULIN MUTATION (2019)

AL001 is a human anti-SORT1 monoclonal antibody in development for the treatment of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients carrying a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in granulin (FTD-GRN) that leads to a > 50% reduction of progranulin (PGRN) levels and causes FTD with a probability of >90%. AL001 binds to SORT1, a receptor that binds PGRN and targets it for lysosomal degradation. Non-clinical studies have shown that blocking SORT1 increases extracellular PGRN levels in mice and non-human primates and reverses behavioral deficits in a mouse model of FTD-GRN. No adverse effects of AL001 were observed in non-clinical safety studies, enabling the first-in-human study. This is a Phase 1 study to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of AL001. The single ascending dose (SAD) part is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in healthy volunteers (HV), followed by an open-label, multiple-dose (MD) part in patients with FTD-GRN. In the SAD part of the study AL001 showed a dose dependent increase in PGRN levels in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid demonstrating proof of mechanism. AL001 has been generally safe and well tolerated through the highest dose assessed. Results from the SAD part and preliminary data from the MD part of the study will be presented. In the SAD part of the study AL001 showed a dose dependent increase in PGRN levels in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid demonstrating proof of mechanism. AL001 has been generally safe and well tolerated through the highest dose assessed. Results from the SAD part and preliminary data from the MD part of the study will be presented.