gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
341.6: Direct and Indirect Effects of an Educational And Communication Skills Intervention to Increase Donor Designation in Latinx Communities: Promotoras de DonacióN (2022)

Introduction: Latinx populations are severely underrepresented amongst organ donors as compared to non-Hispanic whites. The Promotoras de Donación eLearning module was developed to train Latinx lay health educators (i.e., promotoras) to discuss deceased organ donation and promote donor registration within their communities. This report describes the results of two studies designed to assess the direct and indirect effects of the module. Method: Forty promotoras affiliated with four partnering community-based organizations completed the module. Brief online surveys were administered before and after module completion to assess changes in organ donation knowledge and support, and communication confidence (Study 1). Promotoras participating in the first study were then asked to hold at least 2 group conversations about organ donation and donor designation with mature Latinas (Study 2). Fifty-two group discussions were held with 375 attendees. Self-administered, paper-pencil surveys were completedy by promotora and attendees before and after each group discussion. Descriptive statistics, means and standard deviations and counts and percents, were used as appropriate, to categorize the samples. The Paired Sample t-test statistic was used to assess changes in knowledge of and support for organ donation, and confidence discussing donation and promoting donor designation from pre- to post-test. Results: Increases in knowledge and support were observed from pre- to post-test, however these changes did not reach statistical significance. A statistically significant increase in communication confidence was found (692.1 (pre) to 852.3 (post); p=.01). The module was well-received, with most participants deeming it well-organized, presenting new information, and providing realistic and helpful portrayals of donation conversations (Study 1). The trained promotora-led group discussion about organ donation resulted in increased support of organ donation among both promotoras and mature Latinas. Knoweldge of the steps to become an organ donor and belief that the process is easy to do increased in attendees from pre- to post-test 30.7% and 15.2% respectively (Study 2). Twenty-one attendees (0.06%) submitted completed organ donation registration forms. Conclusion: This evaluation provides preliminary support for the module’s direct and indirect impact. The need for additional modifications to and future evaluations of the module are discussed. Health Resources and Services Administration’s Division of Transplantation. This study was supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Division of Transplantation (HRSA/DoT R39OT29878, PI: Traino (Gardiner)). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of HRSA/DoT.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cytoglobin, the Newest Member of the Globin Family, Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Gene (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Cytoglobin, the Newest Member of the Globin Family, Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Gene
Free layer versus synthetic ferrimagnet layer auto-oscillations in nanopillars processed from MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (2010)

We study nanopillar spin-torque oscillators processed from low-resistance-area product MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. The influence of spin torque can be seen in quasistatic experiments as a strong astroid distortion, consistent with a pure Slonczewski-type spin torque. At microwave frequencies, the spin-torque results in pronounced magnetization auto-oscillations with a clear threshold behavior, though only evidenced in the antiparallel configuration. Two kinds of auto-oscillations are seen depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the junction. Free layer oscillations require a large easy axis applied field and electrons flowing from the reference layers to the free layer. Acoustic excitation of the reference synthetic ferrimagnet can be seen, provided the electron flow is reversed, indicating a clear similarity with the behavior of conventional all-metallic spin valves. The analysis of the threshold indicates that the amplitude of the spin torque is neither proportional to the current nor to the voltage and it is not accompanied by any significant fieldlike torque.
You Cannot Improve What You Do not Measure (2018)

Recently, deep learning (DL) has become best-in-class for numerous applications but at a high computational cost that necessitates high-performance energy-efficient acceleration. The reconfigurability of FPGAs is appealing due to the rapid change in DL models but also causes lower performance and area-efficiency compared to ASICs. In this article, we implement three state-of-the-art computing architectures (CAs) for convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on FPGAs and ASICs. By comparing the FPGA and ASIC implementations, we highlight the area and performance costs of programmability to pinpoint the inefficiencies in current FPGA architectures. We perform our experiments using three variations of these CAs for AlexNet, VGG-16 and ResNet-50 to allow extensive comparisons. We find that the performance gap varies significantly from 2.8× to 6.3×, while the area gap is consistent across CAs with an 8.7 average FPGA-to-ASIC area ratio. Among different blocks of the CAs, the convolution engine, constituting up to 60% of the total area, has a high area ratio ranging from 13 to 31. Motivated by our FPGA vs. ASIC comparisons, we suggest FPGA architectural changes such as increasing DSP block count, enhancing low-precision support in DSP blocks and rethinking the on-chip memories to reduce the programmability gap for DL applications.
Functionally Graded Bismuth Oxide/Zirconia Bilayer Electrolytes for High-Performance Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs) (2017)

A functionally graded Bi<sub>1.6</sub>Er<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (ESB)/Y<sub>0.16</sub>Zr<sub>0.84</sub>O<sub>1.92</sub> (YSZ) bilayer electrolyte is successfully developed via a cost-effective screen printing process using nanoscale ESB powders on the tape-cast NiO-YSZ anode support. Because of the highly enhanced oxygen incorporation process at the cathode/electrolyte interface, a novel bilayer solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) yields extremely high power density of ∼2.1 W cm<sup>-2</sup> at 700 °C, which is a 2.4 times increase compared to that of the YSZ single electrolyte SOFC.
Choroidal Remodeling in Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: A 12-month Prospective Study (2017)

Choroid thinning occurs in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, it remains unclear whether the reduction is due to reduction in choroidal vessels or shrinkage of choroidal stroma, or both. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of the choroidal vascular and stromal area in 118 patients with typical AMD (t-AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) over a 12-month period. We used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode to measure the subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), central retinal thickness (CRT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI - ratio of luminal area to total choroidal area). At baseline, PCV eyes had higher CRT (471.6 µm vs 439.1 µm, p = 0.02), but comparable subfoveal CT and CVI, compared to t-AMD. Eyes with high CVI at baseline showed marked reduction in stromal area compared with eyes with average or low CVI. Over 12 months, CRT and subfoveal CT significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in both subtypes. Eyes with high baseline CVI showed significant CVI reduction from baseline to month 12 (p < 0.001), whereas eyes with average to low baseline CVI showed increase in CVI. These differences in choroidal vascularity may reflect different predominant pathogenic processes and remodeling in AMD eyes with varying spectrum.
Effects of Seven Antibiotics on the Growth and Development of Phaenicia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae (1995)

Maggot therapy is used for patients with severe tissue destruction, who often receive antibiotics concurrently. Therefore, we studied the effects on maggots of ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftizoxime, clindamycin, gentamicin, mezlocillin, and vancomycin in concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 times the average minimum bactericidal or bacteriostatic concentration against highly susceptible organisms. There was a reduction in larval survival in media with gentamicin at concentrations of 1,000 times the average pharmacologic level, or 4,000 micrograms/ml (2.7% survival), versus lower concentrations (80-88% survival). Maturation of the surviving pupae to adults also was decreased at this concentration. Media with cefazolin concentrations of 100 times the average bacteristatic level, or 800 micrograms/ml, also led to a significant decrease in larval survival (70% versus 80-88%). There were no differences in larval survival, rate of maturation, or pupal weights for organisms reared on media containing ampicillin, ceftizoxime, clindamycin, mezlocillin, or vancomycin. P. sericata matured normally--and thus can be used therapeutically--when exposed to standard pharmacologic levels of the 7 antibiotics tested. Furthermore, the methods employed herein may be helpful to forensic entomologists attempting to develop models for drug ingestion by maggots.
Quantization of Sparse Representations (2007)

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition technique for sparse and compressible signals. Rather than uniformly sampling the signal, CS computes inner products with randomized basis functions; the signal is then recovered by a convex optimization. Random CS measurements are universal in the sense that the same acquisition system is sufficient for signals sparse in any representation. This paper examines the quantization of strictly sparse, power-limited signals and concludes that CS with scalar quantization uses its allocated rate inefficiently. The results complement related work on the quantization of CS measurements of compressible signals.
Enhanced Illumination Sensing Using Multiple Harmonics for LED Lighting Systems (2010)

This paper considers frequency division multiplexing (FDM) based illumination sensing in light emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. The purpose of illumination sensing is to identify the illumination contributions of spatially distributed LEDs at a sensor location, within a limited response time. In the FDM scheme, LEDs render periodical illumination pulse trains at different frequencies with prescribed duty cycles. The problem of interest is to estimate the amplitudes of the individual illumination pulse trains. In our previous work, an estimation approach was proposed using the fundamental frequency component of the sensor signal. The number of LEDs that can be supported by this estimation approach is limited to around 100 LEDs at a response time of 0.1 s. For future LED lighting systems, however, it is desirable to support many more LEDs. To this end, in this paper, we seek to exploit multiple harmonics in the sensor signal. We first derive upper limits on the number of LEDs that can be supported in the presence of frequency offsets and noise. Thereafter, we propose a low complexity successive estimation approach that effectively exploits the multiple harmonics. It is shown that the number of the LEDs can be increased by a factor of at least five, compared to the estimation approach using only the fundamental frequency component, at the same estimation error.
Learning Evolving Concepts Using Partial Memory Approach (1995)

This paper addresses the problem of learning evolving concepts, that is, concepts whose meaning gradually evolves in time. Solving this problem is important to many applications, for example, building intelligent agents for helping users in Internet search, active vision, automatically updating knowledge-bases, or acquiring profiles of users of telecommunication networks. Requirements for a learning architecture supporting such applications include the ability to incrementally modify concept definitions to accommodate new information, fast learning and recognition rates, low memory needs, and the understandability of computer-created concept descriptions. To address these requirements, we propose a learning architecture based on Variable-Valued Logic, the Star Methodology, and the AQ algorithm. The method uses a partial-memory approach, which means that in each step of learning, the system remembers the current concept descriptions and specially selected representative examples from the past experience. The developed method has been experimentally applied to the problem of computer system intrusion detection. The results show significant advantages of the method in learning speed and memory requirements with only slight decreases in predictive accuracy and concept simplicity when compared to traditional batch-style learning in which all training examples are provided at once.
Replication of enhanced carbonyl stress in a subpopulation of schizophrenia (2013)

CARBONYL STRESS IS an abnormal metabolic state1 associated with the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Pyridoxamine, one of the three forms of vitamin B6, can inhibit AGEs formation and alleviate the unfavorable physiological effects induced by AGEs. Exhaustion of pyridoxamine eventually leads to decreases in the two other forms of vitamin B6, pyridoxine and pyridoxal. Neither of these two vitamin B6 forms shows therapeutic benefit. We previously reported on enhanced carbonyl stress associated with a subpopulation of schizophrenia.2 We noted a 1.7-fold higher mean plasma concentration of pentosidine, a known biomarker for AGEs, and significantly decreased mean serum pyridoxal levels in 45 schizophrenics, compared with 61 controls.2 Kouidrat et al. recently reported significantly higher AGEs levels in schizophrenia, compared with controls, using skin autofluorescence methodology and a sample size of 55 cases and 55 healthy samples.3 In this report, we used increased sample sizes and validated the robust association of enhanced carbonyl stress in a subpopulation of schizophrenics. In brief, 156 subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (83 men and 73 women) were randomly recruited from hospital in- and outpatient departments, along with 221 age-matched, healthy subjects (87 men and 134 women). Patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease were excluded from this study, as both diseases display increased plasma pentosidine levels. All participants provided written, informed consent, and study protocols were approved by the ethics committees of participating institutions. The mean (± SD) plasma concentrations of pentosidine in patients and controls were 67.7 ± 64.9 ng/mL and 41.9 ± 11.1 ng/mL, respectively. Mean pentosidine levels were 1.6-fold higher in schizophrenics compared with controls (P < 0.0001). Mean (± SD) serum pyridoxal levels in schizophrenics were significantly lower than in controls (7.7 ± 4.9 ng/mL and 10.2 ± 5.5 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001). No significant sex differences were observed for pentosidine and pyridoxal levels, and both pyridoxine and pyridoxamine levels were below detectable limits. These results remained significant after excluding smokers. This finding highlights a cohort of non-diabetic, schizophrenic patients who may be exposed to damagingly high plasma pentosidine. This study data has some notable limitations. First, it is possible that antipsychotic medication may affect plasma pentosidine levels. Second, clinical information was unavailable and therefore not considered when evaluating pentosidine levels. Further studies are required to address these issues and to elucidate the exact mechanisms responsible for high pentosidine levels in subpopulations of schizophrenics.
Preparation of (Z)-3,4-didehydronorvaline, (E)- and (Z)-3,4-didehydroornithine and (E)- and (Z)-3,4-didehydro-2,6-diaminopimelic acid (1990)

( Z )-3,4-Didehydronorvaline ( IIa ), ( E )- and ( Z )-didehydroornithine ( VIb and VIa , respectively) and ( E )- and ( Z )-3,4-didehydro-2,6-diaminopimelic acid ( Xb and Xa , respectively) were prepared by addition of Grignard reagents to diethyl acetiminomalonate and subsequent reactions. The mechanism of cyclization of 2-acetamido-2-alkynylmalonate to the oxazoline derivative in a basic medium was studied by 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
PDTM-25. STUDY OF ONC201 IN PRE-CLINICAL MODELS OF DIPG (2019)

Abstract Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is an incurable pediatric brain tumor that occur in the pons and brainstem and have a peak onset of age between 6–9 years of age. Radiation is currently used as standard of care. Chemotherapy has shown no improvements in survival. Here, we report our study of ONC201, a first-in-class anticancer small molecule developed by Oncoceutics, Inc., against DIPG cells in vitro and in mouse orthotopic models. ONC201 was discovered in a screen as a p53-independent inducer of the pro-apoptotic cytokine TRAIL. It is known to directly and selectively inhibit dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. MTT assays to determine the sensitivity of DIPG cells to ONC201 revealed a slight but not significantly different response to the drug based on their expression of wild type (WT) histone H3 or histone H3K27M mutant protein, with IC50 values in the range of 3-8mM. Decrease in cell growth was associated with a decrease in AKT and ERK phosphorylation and an increase in TRAIL expression. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of ONC201 to mice bearing pontine DIPG tumors, once every week for 6 weeks, caused a significant reduction in tumor burden relative to untreated controls as measured by bioluminescence assays. However, stoppage of treatment resulted in tumor regrowth within 6 weeks, suggesting the existence of a population that were not eliminated by the current schedule of ONC210. Single cell proteomic analyses-based comparison of untreated and ONC201-treated DIPG cells showed an expected global reduction in pro-survival signals such as phosphorylated AKT and ERK. Molecules with potential to predict susceptibility of cells to ONC201 were also revealed, and are being confirmed by transcriptome analyses. Results of a chemical screen to target ONC201-refractory tumor cells will be discussed.
MRI characteristics of Japanese macaque encephalomyelitis: Comparison to human diseases (2021)

Intense, focal neuroinflammation is a key MRI finding in JME. Several features of JME compare directly to human inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Investigation of JME combined with the development and validation of noninvasive imaging biomarkers offers substantial potential to improve diagnostic specificity and contribute to the understanding of human demyelinating diseases.
Evaluating the Privacy Guarantees of Location Proximity Services (2017)

Location-based services have become an integral part of everyday life. To address the privacy issues that emerge from the use and sharing of location information, social networks and smartphone applications have adopted location proximity schemes as a means of balancing user privacy with utility. Unfortunately, despite the extensive academic literature on this topic, the schemes that large service providers have adopted are not always designed or implemented correctly, rendering users vulnerable to location-disclosure attacks. Such attacks have recently received major publicity as, in some cases, they even exposed citizens of oppressive regimes to life-threatening risks. In this article, we systematically assess the defenses that popular location-based services and mobile applications deploy to guard against adversaries seeking to identify a user’s location. We provide the theoretical foundations for formalizing the privacy guarantees of currently adopted proximity models, design practical attacks for each case, and prove tight bounds on the number of queries required for carrying out successful attacks in practice. To evaluate the completeness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments against popular services including Facebook, Foursquare, and Grindr. Our results demonstrate that, even though the aforementioned services implement various privacy-preserving techniques to protect their users, they are still vulnerable to attacks. In particular, we are able to pinpoint Facebook users within 5m of their exact location. For Foursquare and Grindr, users are pinpointed within 15m of their location in 90% of the cases, even with the strictest privacy settings enabled. Our attacks are highly efficient and complete within a few seconds. The severity of our findings was acknowledged by Facebook and Foursquare, both of which have followed our recommendations and adopted our design of a safe proximity scheme in their production systems. As the number of mobile applications offering location functionality will continue to increase, service providers and software developers must be able to assess the privacy guarantees that their services offer. To that end, we discuss viable defenses that can be currently adopted by all major services, and provide an open-source testing framework to be used by researchers and service providers who wish to evaluate the privacy-preserving properties of applications offering proximity functionality.
Liquid Metal-Microelectronics Integration for a Sensorized Soft Robot Skin (2018)

Progress in soft robotics depends on the integration of electronics for sensing, power regulation, and signal processing. Commercially available microelectronics satisfy these functions and are small enough to preserve the natural mechanics of the host system. Here, we present a method for incorporating microelectronic sensors and integrated circuits (ICs) into the elastomeric skin of a soft robot. The thin stretchable skin contains various solid-state electronics for orientation, pressure, proximity, and temperature sensing, and a microprocessor. The components are connected by thin-film copper traces wetted with eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), a room temperature liquid metal alloy that allows the circuit to maintain conductivity as it deforms under mechanical loading. In this paper, we characterize the function of the individual sensors in air and water, discuss the integration of the microelectronic skin with a shape-memory actuated soft gripper, and demonstrate the sensorized soft gripper in conjunction with a 4 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot arm.
Three‐dimensional reconstructions of human embryos: vertebrobasilar system evolutive morphogenesis. (2013)

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the morphogenesis of the vertebrobasilar system from three‐dimensional reconstructions of 4 human embryos, and to compare our results with literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated four embryos belonging to the French collection of Paris‐Descartes University: 14mm (Carnegie stage 17), 15mm (CS 18), 22.5mm (CS 21) and 27mm (CS 23) respectively, serially sectioned. Staining was Masson's trichrome. Scanning was performed using an Epson V750 PRO ®, (resolution 2400 to 3200 dpi). Registration of image stacks and export in DICOM files were performed using original software developed by IADI Laboratory (INSERM U947, NANCY). The images obtained were exploited with ORS ® Visual. RESULTS From the embryo of 14mm to 27mm, the vertebrobasilar vascularization was well visualized. Its collaterals were seen. The main relationships with the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon were analysed. CONCLUSION This original software allows a new method of three‐dimensional reconstruction, and a better understanding of vertebrobasilar system evolutive morphogenesis. It brings a new perspective to the study of human embryology.