gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet Radiation Induces Differential Calcium Signals in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets (1993)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is known to suppress normal lymphocyte function, which allows UV phototherapy for a variety of applications. Although UV radiation is well known to cause DNA damage, recent findings indicate that UV irradiation can activate cellular signal-transduction processes. We have previously found that UV induces tyrosine phosphorylation in lymphocytes in a dose- and wavelength-dependent manner and also induces Ca2+ signals in Jurkat T cells via tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1 and associated proteins. In this study, normal human lymphocyte subsets were examined for UV-induced Ca2+ responses. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells gave strong responses, whereas other cells did not. Although B cells did not have substantial Ca2+ signals, the pattern of UV-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was very similar to that observed after surface immunoglobulin cross-linking. We propose that the inhibitory effect of UV on lymphocyte function may be due in part to an active induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and Ca2+ signals by a process that bypasses normal receptor control.
Image based SAR product simulation for analysis (1987)

SAR product simulation serves to predict SAR image gray values for various flight paths. Input typically consists of a digital elevation model and backscatter curves. A new method is described of product simulation that employs also a real SAR input image for image simulation. This can be denoted as 'image-based simulation'. Different methods to perform this SAR prediction are presented and advantages and disadvantages discussed. Ascending and descending orbit images from NASA's SIR-B experiment were used for verification of the concept: input images from ascending orbits were converted into images from a descending orbit; the results are compared to the available real imagery to verify that the prediction technique produces meaningful image data.
Gait Initiation of New Walkers and the Adult’s Role in Regulating Directionality of the Child’s Body Motion (2018)

This study examines how adults apply forces to regulate new walkers’ body sway directions while assisting them in standing and initiating their first steps. Eight healthy, typically developing young children who could stand independently and walk a few steps with an adult’s support participated in this study and were included for data analyses. Adults wore instrumented force gloves and placed their hands on their child’s hips to assist them in standing, then released glove contact with their child to allow their child to initiate walking. Using the glove force profiles, three phases (Stabilization, Relaxation, and Initiation) of adults’ support were determined. Results showed that adults gradually reduced their assistance in both the antero-posterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, before releasing their hands. They also influenced the directionality of their child’s center of mass (CoM) so that it was in the AP rather than ML direction. Furthermore, the behavior of the child’s CoM in the ML direction during the Initiation Phase was related to the latency with which the child initiated the first step. These findings support the view that adults play a role in modulating the directionality of the child’s body motion by transforming body sway into gait initiation.
(Invited) Charge-Based Modelling of the Channel Current in Organic Field Effect Transistors Considering Injection Effects (2015)

Models for the current calculation in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are usually based on the typical MOSFET equations. Two different independent equations connected by the threshold voltage are used, in which the threshold voltage is usually a fitting parameter without relation to physical parameters hence the impact of their variability on the threshold voltage is not clear. We present a modeling approach for the device current in OFETs which is physically- and charge-based with a continuous equation for the channel current in organic field-effect transistors. It is assumed that the conducting channel of an OFET is reduced to a small number of monolayers of a specific thickness d m where the accumulated charge is uniformly distributed [1] as well as that all traps are filled in the on-state of the device (trapped charges qN t ). The accumulated mobile charge per area Q’ m is calculated and is a function of that specific thickness d m , the density of shallow traps N c , and the surface potential Φ C . While calculating the mobile charge Q’ m via the Poisson’s equation it gets obviously that there is no closed form solution for the surface potential Φ C . So it is solved once numerically for a given voltage V GS =V 0 and kept constant for a given technology. The value of that (arbitrarily) chosen voltage within the operating regime and the corresponding mobile charge Q’ m0 have almost no influence on the final result of the current and the threshold voltage. Closed form solutions for mobile charges at the source/drain end of the channel have been derived [2] and are used for the calculation of the channel current I DS/channel considering a diffusion and a drift part of the current. In the presented approach the mobile charges densities are a function of V GS , Q’ m0 , and V 0 . An expression of the threshold voltage V th is also found. The injection effects occurring at the metal-semiconductor-junction are considered in the calculation of the total channel current as well and are mainly dominated by the mismatch of the metal work function and the semiconductor HOMO level (p-type semiconductor). Tunneling and thermionic currents are considered to be the main current contributions at the metal-semiconductor-junction and are calculated via a 2D solution of the electrostatic potential and electric field within the channel area [3]. Parasitic source and drain resistances are considered as well. The model is verified with measurements on OFETs fabricated with small molecules (Fig. 1), implemented in Verilog-A, and currently tested for circuit design. References: [1] Horowitz, G., Tunnel current in organic field-effect transistors, Synthetic materials, 138(1), 2003 [2] Kloes et al., Quantum Confinement and Volume Inversion in MOS³ Model for Short-Channel Tri-Gate MOSFETs, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 60(8), 2013. [3] Hain et al., Two-dimensional analytical modelling of non-linear charge injection in bottom-contact organic field-effect transistors, SPIE Organic Photonics+Electronics, September 2013. Figure 1
Comparison of X-chromosome inactivation patterns in multiple tissues from human females (2007)

In our study, XCI data were comparable among accessible (eg blood) and inaccessible tissues (eg brain) in females at various ages, and may be useful for genetic testing. A trend was seen for greater XCI variability with increasing age, particularly in older women (>60 years).
Transparent Wood Biocomposites by Fast UV-Curing for Reduced Light-Scattering through Wood/Thiol–ene Interface Design (2020)

Transparent wood (TW) is an interesting polymer biocomposite with potential for buildings and photonics applications. TW materials need to be eco-friendly and readily processed with few defects, for high optical transmittance and low transmission scattering at wide angles (haze). Two wood templates with different lignin-content are impregnated with a new thiol-ene thermoset system. The more eco-friendly bleached wood template results in transparent wood with high optical transmission and much reduced transmission haze, due to strong reduction of interfacial air gaps. Characterization includes template composition, thiol-ene distribution, and polymerization in wood cell wall by EDX and confocal Raman microscopy, also NMR and DSC, tensile testing and FE-SEM fractography for morphology and wood/thiol-ene interface adhesion assessment. The wood template is a true nanocomposite with thiol-ene polymer located inside the nanoporous wood cell wall. Advanced TW applications require not only appropriate wood template modification and careful polymer matrix selection but also tailoring of the process to impregnation and polymerization mechanisms, in order to reduce optical defects.
Altered expression patterns of VEGF receptors in human diabetic retina and in experimental VEGF-induced retinopathy in monkey. (2002)

The VEGFR-1, -2, and -3 expression patterns in control retinas suggest physiological functions of VEGFs that do not involve the vasculature. Initial vascular VEGF signaling may act primarily through VEGFR-1. In diabetic eyes, expression of retinal VEGFR-2 and -3 is increased, mainly in leaky microvessels, and VEGF-A induces vascular expression of the VEGF-A receptor VEGFR-2 and the VEGF-C/D receptor VEGFR-3. These findings indicate a dual role of VEGFs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the retina and suggest that microvascular VEGFR-2 and -3 signaling by VEGFs occurs late in the pathogenesis of DR, possibly initiated by high levels of VEGF-A in established nonproliferative DR.
Dysfunctional voiding behavior and impaired muscle contractility in a rat model of detrusor underactivity (2021)

Abstract Aims Detrusor underactivity (DU) is an understudied health concern with inadequate clinical management. The pathophysiology of DU is unclear, and current therapies fail to improve symptoms. The current studies characterized voiding function and contractility of bladder and urethral tissues in a novel rat model of DU. Methods Female obese prone (OP) and obese resistant (OR) rats were fed a 60 kcal% fat diet at 8 weeks old. A subset of rats ( n = 4/strain) underwent uroflowmetry biweekly for 18 weeks in metabolic cages. At 40–56 weeks old, rats ( n = 9–10/strain) underwent instrumented cystometry under urethane anesthesia. Following cystometry, bladder and urethral tissues ( n = 8–9/strain) were harvested for in vitro assessments of contractility in response to carbachol, electric field stimulation, atropine, alpha, beta‐methylene ATP, and caffeine. Results OP rats exhibited increased urinary frequency ( p = 0.0031), decreased voided volume ( p = 0.0093), and urine flow rate ( p = 0.0064) compared to OR rats during uroflowmetry. Bethanechol (10 mg/kg) did not alter uroflowmetry parameters. During cystometry, OP rats exhibited decreased bladder emptying efficiency ( p &lt; 0.0001), decreased pressure to generate a void ( p &lt; 0.0001), and increased EUS activity during filling ( p = 0.0011). Bladder contractility was decreased in OP rats when exposed to carbachol ( p &lt; 0.0003) and ATP ( p = 0.0004), whereas middle urethral contractility was increased when exposed to carbachol ( p = 0.0014), EFS ( p = 0.0289), and caffeine ( p = 0.0031). Conclusion Impaired cholinergic and purinergic signaling in the bladder may contribute to poor voiding function in OP rats. In addition, increased urethral activity may engage a guarding reflex to augment continence and exacerbate incomplete emptying.
Cutting Edge: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α and Its Activation-Inducible Short Isoform I.1 Negatively Regulate Functions of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes (2006)

To evaluate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and its TCR activation-inducible short isoform I.1 in T cell functions, we genetically engineered unique mice with: 1) knockout of I.1 isoform of HIF-1alpha; 2) T cell-targeted HIF-1alpha knockdown; and 3) chimeric mice with HIF-1alpha gene deletion in T and B lymphocytes. In all three types of mice, the HIF-1alpha-deficient T lymphocytes, which were TCR-activated in vitro, produced more proinflammatory cytokines compared with HIF-1alpha-expressing control T cells. Surprisingly, deletion of the I.1 isoform, which represents < 30% of total HIF-1alpha mRNA in activated T cells, was sufficient to markedly enhance TCR-triggered cytokine secretion. These data suggest that HIF-1alpha not only plays a critical role in oxygen homeostasis but also may serve as a negative regulator of T cells.
Colaba: Collaborative design of cross-organizational processes (2011)

Cross-organizational processes naturally involve multiple stakeholders with distinct business interests. Yet, current process modeling approaches are conceptually centralized. This paper develops Colaba, a novel approach for the design of a cross-organizational process. Colaba naturally accommodates the requirements of multiple stakeholders. It is realized as a tool and methodology that uses and maintains a repository of business protocols, each describing a business function to the desired level of nuance. Design in Colaba is thus simply a matter of selecting, refining, extending, and composing protocols. Colaba is based on the concepts of Issue-Based Information Systems. It naturally supports stakeholders proposing process models, raising issues about them, and evaluating alternative proposals. Colaba contributes argumentation primitives and a representation relevant to business processes that accommodates the diverse perspectives of the roles in a protocol. This paper includes an evaluation of Colaba via a case study.
Table S1 from Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary of sequence analysis of adenoid cystic carcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Sleep and circadian differences between light and heavy adult alcohol drinkers (2022)

These results are consistent with earlier reports of more eveningness and a shorter DLMO-midsleep interval being associated with heavier alcohol drinking. The novel finding of reduced circadian photoreceptor responsivity in heavy drinkers is consistent with prior rodent studies. Future studies should explore the impact of habitual alcohol consumption on other measures of circadian photoreceptor responsivity.
THE USE OF PHYSICAL FRAILTY MEASUREMENT IN GENERAL AND SUBSPECIALTY CLINICAL PRACTICE (2017)

Physical frailty measurement, also known as the frailty phenotype or Fried Frailty assessment, uses an aggregate of measures of grip strength, walking speed, weight loss, fatigue and physical activity to determine frailty status. Frailty status has then been utilized in population studies in order to determine future risk of disability, falls, hospitalization, and mortality. In addition, it has been extensively utilized to identify chronic inflammation and altered stress response systems as probably biological basis of frailty. Results of these epidemiological studies have encouraged the increasing integration of physical frailty measurement into a wide variety of general and subspecialty clinical practices. These include 1) cardiovascular, oncological, and thyroid surgery, 2) anesthesia and pre-operative assessment, and 3) into general Geriatric practice. The speaker will provide a brief overview of the physical frailty assessment and provide examples of how it is presently being integrated into decision making processes in each of these specialties.
Patterning of protein‐based materials (2020)

Micro- and nanopatterning of proteins on surfaces allows to develop for example high-throughput biosensors in biomedical diagnostics and in general advances the understanding of cell-material interactions in tissue engineering. Today, many techniques are available to generate protein pattern, ranging from technically simple ones, such as micro-contact printing, to highly tunable optical lithography or even technically sophisticated scanning probe lithography. Here, one focus is on the progress made in the development of protein-based materials as positive or negative photoresists allowing micro- to nanostructured scaffolds for biocompatible photonic, electronic and tissue engineering applications. The second one is on approaches, which allow a controlled spatiotemporal positioning of a single protein on surfaces, enabled by the recent developments in immobilization techniques coherent with the sensitive nature of proteins, defined protein orientation and maintenance of the protein activity at interfaces. The third one is on progress in photolithography-based methods, which allow to control the formation of protein-repellant/adhesive polymer brushes.
Herriot Cell Augmentation of a Quadrature Heterodyne Interferometer (2002)

Prepared in collaboration with the Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL. Presented at the AIAA JPC held in Indianapolis, IN on 7-10 July 2002. Contains viewgraphs only.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2H-Pyran-2-one Derivatives (1997)

Abstract A simple procedure for the synthesis of 2H-pyran-2-ones 1 is described: selective Wittig olefination of keto aldehydes at the aldehyde group followed by a cyclization in acidic medium.
Multi-Scale Modeling and Approximation Assisted Optimization of Bare Tube Heat Exchangers (2014)

Air-to-refrigerant heat exchangers are very common in air-conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration applications. In these heat exchangers, there is a great benefit in terms of size, weight, refrigerant charge and heat transfer coefficient, by moving from conventional channel sizes (~ 9mm) to smaller channel sizes (< 5mm). This work investigates new designs for air-to-refrigerant heat exchangers with tube outer diameter ranging from 0.5 to 2.0mm. The goal of this research is to develop and optimize the design of these heat exchangers and compare their performance with existing state of the art designs. The air-side performance of various tube bundle configurations are analyzed using a Parallel Parameterized CFD (PPCFD) technique. PPCFD allows for fast-parametric CFD analyses of various geometries with topology change. Approximation techniques drastically reduce the number of CFD evaluations required during optimization. Maximum Entropy Design method is used for sampling and Kriging method is used for metamodeling. Metamodels are developed for the air-side heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop as a function of tube-bundle dimensions and air velocity. The metamodels are then integrated with an air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger design code. This integration allows a multi-scale analysis of air-side performance heat exchangers including air-to-refrigerant heat transfer and phase change. Overallmore » optimization is carried out using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimal designs found can exhibit 50 percent size reduction, 75 percent decrease in air side pressure drop and doubled air heat transfer coefficients compared to a high performance compact micro channel heat exchanger with same capacity and flow rates.« less
Thermal conductivity of bismuth telluride nanowire array-epoxy composite (2009)

Electrodeposition of nanowire array in porous anodic alumina (PAA) templates combine the performance benefits offered by crystallographic texture control, lattice thermal conductivity suppression through boundary scattering of phonons, elastic relaxation of misfit strain, and scalablity essential for high efficiency thermoelectric devices. The template material, however, can serve as a thermal shunt thereby reducing the effective thermoelectric performance. Here, we demonstrate a process of minimizing the parasitic thermal conduction by replacing the PAA matrix with SU-8 (κ∼0.2 W/m K). We report a reduction in the performance penalty from 27% for Bi2Te3/PAA to ∼5% for Bi2Te3/SU-8 nanocomposite by thermal conductivity measurements using a photoacoustic technique.
In situ aquifer bioremediation at the French Limited Superfund site (1995)

In situ aquifer bioremediation of a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the French Limited Superfund site is being performed using nitrate and oxygen as sequential electron acceptors. High dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are achieved using excess input of cryogenic oxygen and automatic venting of surplus gas; oxygen transfer efficiency using this method is 25%. Significant nitrate consumption coincides with first-order VOC attenuations attributable to denitrifying metabolism. These attenuations were conservatively quantified by normalizing against benzene. The additional attenuation under denitrifying conditions is highest in the first few months of active remediation; as total organic carbon (TOC) and VOC concentrations decline, the additional attenuation due to in situ bioremediation (ISB) is reduced to 1 to 5%. Breakthrough of aerobic conditions is marked by sustained increases in DO to > 5 mg/L and generally follows dissolved TOC reduction to below 20 mg/L. Temporary reversals in DO breakthrough are attributed to increased biological oxygen demand (BOD) caused by spent biomass. Rapid VOC attenuation (t{sub 1/2} = 12 to 40 days) follows aerobic breakthrough.
Amino Acids Responsible for the Absolute Sialidase Activity of the Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase: Relationship to Growth in the Duck Intestine (2001)

The 1957 human pandemic strain of influenza A virus contained an avian virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), both of which acquired specificity for the human receptor, N-acetylneuraminic acid linked to galactose of cellular glycoconjugates via an alpha2-6 bond (NeuAcalpha2-6Gal). Although the NA retained considerable specificity for NeuAcalpha2-3Gal, its original substrate in ducks, it lost the ability to support viral growth in the duck intestine, suggesting a growth-restrictive change other than a shift in substrate specificity. To test this possibility, we generated a panel of reassortant viruses that expressed the NA genes of human H2N2 viruses isolated from 1957 to 1968 with all other genes from the avian virus A/duck/Hong Kong/278/78 (H9N2). Only the NA of A/Singapore/1/57 supported efficient viral growth in the intestines of orally inoculated ducks. The growth-supporting capacity of the NA correlated with a high level of enzymatic activity, comparable to that found to be associated with avian virus NAs. The specific activities of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 and A/England/12/62 NAs, which showed greatly restricted abilities to support viral growth in ducks, were only 8 and 5%, respectively, of the NA specific activity for A/Singapore/1/57. Using chimeric constructs based on A/Singapore/1/57 and A/England/12/62 NAs, we localized the determinants of high specific NA activity to a region containing six amino acid substitutions in A/England/12/62: Ser331-->Arg, Asp339-->Asn, Asn367-->Ser, Ser370-->Leu, Asn400-->Ser, and Pro431-->Glu. Five of these six residues (excluding Asn400) were required and sufficient for the full specific activity of the A/Singapore/1/57 NA. Thus, in addition to a change in substrate specificity, a reduction in high specific activity may be required for the adaptation of avian virus NAs to growth in humans. This change is likely needed to maintain an optimal balance between NA activity and the lower affinity shown by human virus HAs for their cellular receptor.
PMPCAmutations cause abnormal mitochondrial protein processing in patients with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia (2015)

Non-progressive cerebellar ataxias are a rare group of disorders that comprise approximately 10% of static infantile encephalopathies. We report the identification of mutations in PMPCA in 17 patients from four families affected with cerebellar ataxia, including the large Lebanese family previously described with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia and short stature of Norman type and localized to chromosome 9q34 (OMIM #213200). All patients present with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia, and the majority have intellectual disability of variable severity. PMPCA encodes α-MPP, the alpha subunit of mitochondrial processing peptidase, the primary enzyme responsible for the maturation of the vast majority of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, which is necessary for life at the cellular level. Analysis of lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts from patients homozygous for the PMPCA p.Ala377Thr mutation and carriers demonstrate that the mutation impacts both the level of the alpha subunit encoded by PMPCA and the function of mitochondrial processing peptidase. In particular, this mutation impacts the maturation process of frataxin, the protein which is depleted in Friedreich ataxia. This study represents the first time that defects in PMPCA and mitochondrial processing peptidase have been described in association with a disease phenotype in humans.