gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurological and Psychiatric Symptoms (2016)

Late-onset forms of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) first presenting in adulthood often display psychiatric or neurological manifestations, including atypical psychosis or depression, unexplained coma, peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, dementia, movement disorders, or epilepsy. With the exception of several review articles, most if not all existing books and diagnostic algorithms refer to pediatric forms of these diseases. Late-onset forms of IEM always display attenuated phenotypes, which in some instances are associated with one or more clinical manifestations that differ from the classic clinical picture described in children. Although the limited information available about adult forms of IEM makes the specialty new and quite exploratory, the diagnostic approach in adults is facilitated by the fact that the nervous system is already mature. Therefore, clinical presentations are more homogeneous than in children, in whom clinical signs usually differ depending on their stage of maturation.
In vivo mouse fluorescence imaging for folate-targeted delivery and release kinetics (2014)

Many cancer cells over-express folate receptors, and this provides an opportunity for both folate-targeted fluorescence imaging and the development of targeted anti-cancer drugs. We present an optical imaging modality that allows for the monitoring and evaluation of drug delivery and release through disulfide bond reduction inside a tumor in vivo for the first time. A near-infrared folate-targeting fluorophore pair was synthesized and used to image a xenograft tumor grown from KB cells in a live mouse. The in vivo results are shown to be in agreement with previous in vitro studies, confirming the validity and feasibility of our method as an effective tool for preclinical studies in drug development.
Copper through silicon via (TSV) for 3D integration (2012)

Differential thermal expansion mismatch between Cu and Si along with high aspect ratios required for TSV pose unique challenges to the integration and reliability of Cu TSV. A TSV structure that successfully mitigates these concerns has been integrated into CMOS with high K/metal gates. Data from test structures demonstrate no `Cu pumping' or other deleterious effects to neighboring devices or interconnects. Functional 3D prototypes utilizing stacked embedded DRAMs were demonstrated showing no impact from TSV processing.
Energy efficient E-textile based portable keyboard (2011)

We have created sensor architecture, data collection and processing techniques for an E-Textile wireless keyboard. We leverage the inherent properties of E-Textiles to produce optimized architecture for energy efficient sensing. Novel techniques such as one where each sensor senses several events (activations of different keys) and each event is sensed by three sensors and flexible interleaved sensing and data processing result in up to a factor of 30 energy reduction over the system where each key is sensed by exactly one sensor. We build the keyboard and test it on multiple subjects.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐cis‐4‐Amino‐2‐cyclopentene‐1‐methanol. A Key Intermediate in the Preparation of Carbocyclic 2′,3′‐Didehydro‐2′,3′‐ dideoxy Nucleosides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An analytic approach to constructing configurations of technical systems (2017)

We consider a formalized problem setting for designing possible configurations of a technical system with redundant components and its analytic solution. As the quality criterion for a specific configuration we use the constancy of a given set of functions fulfilled by the system. We formulate the problem of redundancy as finding possible values of the “integration” matrix in an equipment platform that relates input and output interfaces that would ensure the constancy of a collection of the system’s transition matrices intended to evaluate its quality. We obtain a full set of solutions and a version of a solution of the formulated problem which is easier to implement. We give an illustrative example of a real life application.
Designing Physical Human-Robot Interaction Interfaces: A Scalable Method for Simulation Based Design (2022)

Designing the physical coupling between the human body and the wearable robot is a challenging endeavor. The typical approach of tightening the wearable robot against the body, and softening the interface materials does not work well. It makes the task of simultaneously improving comfort, and anchoring the robot to the body at the physical human robot interaction interface (PHRII), difficult. Characterizing this behavior experimentally with sensors at the interface is challenging due to the soft-soft interactions between the PHRII materials and the human tissue. Therefore, modeling the interaction between the wearable robot and the hand is a necessary step to improve design. In this paper, we introduce a methodology to systematically improve the design of the PHRII by combining experimentally measured characteristics of the biological tissue with a novel dynamic modeling tool. Using a novel and scalable simulation framework, HuRoSim, we quantified the interaction between the human hand and an exoskeleton. In the first of our experiments, we use HuRoSim to predict complex interactions between the hand and the coupled exoskeleton. In our second experiment, we then demonstrate how HuRoSim can be coupled with experimental measurements of the stiffness of the dorsal surface of the hand to optimize the design of the PHRII. This approach of data-driven modeling of the interaction between the body and a wearable robot, such as a hand exoskeleton, can be generalized to other forms of wearable devices as well, demonstrating a scalable and systematic method for improving the design of the PHRII for future devices coupled to the body.
Double Heck Reaction of Bridged o,o′‐Dibromobiaryls with Ethyl Acrylate. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effects of different head groups and functionalised side chains on the aquatic toxicity of ionic liquids (2007)

In this study, the influence of different head groups, functionalised side chains and anions of ionic liquids on the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri, the limnic green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus and the fresh water plant Lemna minor was investigated. The aim of these experiments is to improve the knowledge base for the molecular design of ionic liquids leading to a reduced (eco)toxicological hazard potential. The analysed set of about 40 ionic liquids confirmed the interdependency between lipophilicity—as derived from gradient HPLC—and (eco)toxicity. The toxicity was clearly reduced for the test organisms (partially by six to seven orders of magnitude) when short functionalised side chains were used instead of non-polar alkyl chains. Furthermore, we could demonstrate strong interactions of hydrophobic ionic liquid cations with two different types of common biological lipidbilayers, indicating that the membrane system of organisms is probably a primary target site of toxic action. These systematic studies are addressed to producers, developers and downstream users of ionic liquids in different fields of application, to facilitate the selection of (eco)toxicologically favourable structural elements and thus to contribute to the design of inherently safer ionic liquids.
Supplementary Table 1 from Selective Inhibition of EZH2 by EPZ-6438 Leads to Potent Antitumor Activity in <i>EZH2</i>-Mutant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 25K, Table S1: LCC Values for EPZ-6438 for WSU-DLCL2 Human Lymphoma Cells Dosed Either Continuously or After Compound Washout.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Lipophilic α‐Hydroxybenzylphosphonates as Prodrugs of 3′‐Azido‐2′ ,3′‐dideoxythymidine (AZT). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HIV-1 gp120–CD4-Induced Antibody Complex Elicits CD4 Binding Site–Specific Antibody Response in Mice (2020)

Elicitation of broadly neutralizing Ab (bNAb) responses toward the conserved HIV-1 envelope (Env) CD4 binding site (CD4bs) by vaccination is an important goal for vaccine development and yet to be achieved. The outcome of previous immunogenicity studies suggests that the limited accessibility of the CD4bs and the presence of predominant nonneutralizing determinants (nND) on Env may impede the elicitation of bNAbs and their precursors by vaccination. In this study, we designed a panel of novel immunogens that 1) preferentially expose the CD4bs by selective elimination of glycosylation sites flanking the CD4bs, and 2) minimize the nND immune response by engineering fusion proteins consisting of gp120 Core and one or two CD4-induced (CD4i) mAbs for masking nND epitopes, referred to as gp120-CD4i fusion proteins. As expected, the fusion proteins possess improved antigenicity with retained affinity for VRC01-class, CD4bs-directed bNAbs and dampened affinity for nonneutralizing Abs. We immunized C57BL/6 mice with these fusion proteins and found that overall the fusion proteins elicit more focused CD4bs Ab response than prototypical gp120 Core by serological analysis. Consistently, we found that mice immunized with selected gp120-CD4i fusion proteins have higher frequencies of germinal center-activated B cells and CD4bs-directed memory B cells than those inoculated with parental immunogens. We isolated three mAbs from mice immunized with selected gp120-CD4i fusion proteins and found that their footprints on Env are similar to VRC01-class bNAbs. Thus, using gp120-CD4i fusion proteins with selective glycan deletion as immunogens could focus Ab response toward CD4bs epitope.
Exposure of 38 nm period grating patterns with extreme ultraviolet interferometric lithography (1999)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV, λ=13 nm) lithography is considered to be the most likely technology to follow ultraviolet (optical) lithography. One of the challenging aspects is the development of suitable resist materials and processes. This development requires the ability to produce high-resolution patterns. Until now, this ability has been severely limited by the lack of sources and imaging systems. We report printing of 38 nm period grating patterns by interferometric lithography technique with EUV light. A Lloyd’s Mirror interferometer was used, reflecting part of an incident beam with a mirror at grazing incidence and letting it interfere with the direct beam at the wafer plane. High-density fringes (38 nm pitch) were easily produced. Monochromatized light of 13 nm wavelength from an undulator in an electron storage ring provided the necessary temporal and spatial coherence along with sufficient intensity flux. This simple technique can be extended to sub-10 nm resolution.
Demonstrating distributed transmit beamforming with software-defined radios (2012)

We present a fully wireless implementation of distributed transmit beamforming using software-defined radios. Distributed beamforming is a cooperative transmission scheme whereby a number of nodes in a wireless network organize themselves into a virtual antenna array and focus their transmission in the direction of the intended receiver, potentially achieving order of magnitude improvements in energy efficiency. The main technical challenge in realizing these gains is in precisely synchronizing the radio frequency signals of the cooperating nodes. This idea has been studied extensively over the past decade, and several techniques and architectures for its practical implementation have been developed. In this work, we demonstrate our recent implementation of distributed beamforming on a standard, open-source, software-defined radio platform, where the low quality oscillators make synchronization particularly challenging. Our demonstration will consist of three cooperating transmitters sending signals that add up constructively at the receiver. Low-rate feedback packets broadcast from the receiver are employed for frequency and phase synchronization at each transmitter in completely distributed fashion.
Intelligent Document Gateway - A Service System Analysis (2007)

In today's fast paced world, it is necessary to process business documents expediently, accurately, and diligently. In other words, processing has to be fast, errors must be prevented (or caught and corrected quickly), and documents cannot be lost or misplaced. The failure to meet these criteria, depending on the type and purpose of the documents, can have serious business, legal, or safety consequences. In this paper, we evaluated a B2B order placement service system that allows clients to place orders for products and services over a network. We describe the order placement service before and after deploying the Intelligent Document Gateway (IDG), a document-centric business process automation technology from IBM Research. Using service science perspective and service systems frameworks, we provide an analysis of how IDG improved the value proposition for both the service providers and service clients.
Phenotype and adhesion characteristics of rat thymic macrophages cultivated in serum-free medium. (1993)

Rat thymic macrophages (TMF) were cultivated in serum-free medium (Biorich 2) using an explant technique. This medium favored the growth of macrophages and inhibited the proliferation of other non-lymphoid cells. Macrophage characteristics of cultivated cells were confirmed by their morphology, NSE activity and positivity (approx. 95%) with ED1 and Mar 1 mAbs (pan-macrophage markers in the rat). The majority of non-adherent cells (NAC) released in culture medium during the proliferation of TMF also possessed macrophage characteristics. Both adherent TMF and NAC were heterogeneous cells expressing cortical/CMZ phenotype (ED2+, R-MC 41+, R-MC 42+) and CMZ/medullary phenotype (R-MC 43+, R-MC 44+). NAC population contained higher proportion of cells expressing class II MHC molecules, IL-2R and 1F119 antigen compared to adherent TMF. The TMF phenotype changed during cultivation and upon stimulation with inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha). TMF formed rosettes with syngeneic or allogeneic thymocytes both at 37 and 4 degrees C. The percentages of rosettes was dependent on the incubation time and TMF/thymocyte ratio. A higher percentage of immature thymocytes (CD4-CD8- or CD4+CD8+) bound to TMF compared to mature, cortisone-resistant thymocytes. The involvement of TMF membrane molecules in TMF/thymocyte adhesion was tested by preincubation of TMF with specific mAbs. It was found that Mar 1 mAb was partially inhibitory, OX-42 (anti CD11b) was slightly stimulatory, whereas other mAbs had no significant effect.
Stoichiometry dependence of Fermi-level pinning in fully silicided (FUSI) NiSi gate on high-K dielectric (2005)

Stoichiometry dependence of Fermi-level pinning in a fully silicided (FUSI) NiSi gate on high-K dielectric is investigated. A higher composition ratio of Si in NiSi shows a higher degree of Fermi-level pinning. It has also been found that there is a critical ratio (C/sub crit/) above which there is no Fermi-level pinning, and the C /sub crit/ depends on the underlying gate dielectric material also.
Determination of theνeand totalB8solar neutrino fluxes using the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phase I data set (2007)

This article provides the complete description of results from the Phase I data set of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). The Phase I data set is based on a 0.65 kiloton-year exposure of ${}^{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O (in the following denoted as ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O) to the solar $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ neutrino flux. Included here are details of the SNO physics and detector model, evaluations of systematic uncertainties, and estimates of backgrounds. Also discussed are SNO's approach to statistical extraction of the signals from the three neutrino reactions (charged current, neutral current, and elastic scattering) and the results of a search for a day-night asymmetry in the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ flux. Under the assumption that the $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ spectrum is undistorted, the measurements from this phase yield a solar ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ flux of $\ensuremath{\phi}({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e})=1.{76}_{\ensuremath{-}0.05}^{+0.05}(\mathrm{stat}.){}_{\ensuremath{-}0.09}^{+0.09}(\mathrm{syst}.)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and a non-${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ component of $\ensuremath{\phi}({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\tau}})=3.{41}_{\ensuremath{-}0.45}^{+0.45}(\mathrm{stat}.){}_{\ensuremath{-}0.45}^{+0.48}(\mathrm{syst}.)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The sum of these components provides a total flux in excellent agreement with the predictions of standard solar models. The day-night asymmetry in the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ flux is found to be ${A}_{e}=7.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.9(\mathrm{stat}.){}_{\ensuremath{-}1.2}^{+1.3}%(\mathrm{syst}.)$, when the asymmetry in the total flux is constrained to be zero.
Physical Analytics Integrated Repository and Services for Astronomy: PAIRS-A (2019)

A highly scalable data and analytics platform for science-ready astronomical data is proposed, based on an existing system at IBM. Such a platform allows rapid inter-comparisons between diverse, high-volume datasets for discovery, machine learning and display without requiring significant data motion.
Compact lightweight CO2 laser for SDIO application (1993)

SRL has combined two all-solid-state pulsed power generators based on SCR-commutated nonlinear magnetic pulse compressors with low-pressure, conduction-cooled, C02 laser cavities in a program to produce high repetition rate laser systems without the weight penalty of flow loop cooling. The first C02 system used a transverse discharge, rectangular slab geometry, laser amplifier matched to the 10 Hz, SRL COLD-I solid-state pulser. Visible interferometric probes of the slab geometry laser medium showed the characteristic cylindrical wavefront error expected Of a uniformly heated slab cooled at its walls. Conduction cooling of the 2.4 cm slab was sufficient to dissipate the thermal energy deposited by a single pulse dissipated to below the measurement level within 100 ms (10 Hz). The second C02 system used a longitudinal discharge, cylindrical geometry, laser amplifier combined with the new SSLAM-VIII pulser which produces 72 KV, 30 J pulses at up to 5 KHz. The longitudinal laser output power typically peaked at 50 Hz since the heat load from higher repetition rates could not be dissipated sufficiently rapidly from the 4 cm diameter discharge. Due to an impedance mismatch the maximum single pulse energy in steady state operation was 350 mJ (18 W average power). A circuit to provide proper matching has been designed but has not yet been implemented.
Pathogens and Predictors of Fatal Septicemia Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Ivory Coast, West Africa (1993)

In East Africa, bacteremia is more common in hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-positive than -negative patients. In 1991, blood cultures and clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 319 patients in Ivory Coast, where both HIV-1 and -2 infections occur. Forty-three bacterial, 10 mycobacterial, and 8 fungal pathogens were isolated from blood of 54 patients (17%). Pathogens isolated significantly (P < or = .05) more frequently from HIV-positive than -negative patients were nonmycobacterial bacteria, particularly Salmonella enteritidis; mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Mycobacterium bovis; and yeast or fungus. HIV-1 or -2 positivity was associated with a 3-fold increased risk for septicemia (P < .02). HIV-positive patients with fever or with lymphocyte counts < 1000 were more likely to be septicemic than those without these characteristics. Mortality increased significantly with HIV positivity (40% vs. 14%, P < .001) and, among HIV-positive patients, with having pathogens isolated from blood (63% vs. 33%, P < .001).
Epigraph hemagglutinin vaccine induces broad cross-reactive immunity against swine H3 influenza virus (2021)

Influenza A virus infection in swine impacts the agricultural industry in addition to its zoonotic potential. Here, we utilize epigraph, a computational algorithm, to design a universal swine H3 influenza vaccine. The epigraph hemagglutinin proteins are delivered using an Adenovirus type 5 vector and are compared to a wild type hemagglutinin and the commercial inactivated vaccine, FluSure. In mice, epigraph vaccination leads to significant cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses against a diverse panel of swH3 isolates. Epigraph vaccination also reduces weight loss and lung viral titers in mice after challenge with three divergent swH3 viruses. Vaccination studies in swine, the target species for this vaccine, show stronger levels of cross-reactive antibodies and T-cell responses after immunization with the epigraph vaccine compared to the wild type and FluSure vaccines. In both murine and swine models, epigraph vaccination shows superior cross-reactive immunity that should be further investigated as a universal swH3 vaccine.
Customized Fabrication of Osteochondral Tissue for Articular Joint Surface Repair (2015)

Abstract : Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of the articular joint that involves more than just the destruction of the articular cartilage--it is a disease of the cartilage, bone and surrounding soft tissue that disables 9-10% of the US population. In the US military, combat and non-combat injuries experienced during deployments, training and generally active life-style can cause traumatic mechanical destruction or progressive biological degeneration of the articular cartilage. It has been reported that OA is the most frequent cause of disability in the armed forces. There are currently no effective therapies for OA. A regenerative surgical approach that aims for biological resurfacing of the joint is thus needed. In this study, we will construct adipose stem cell-laden scaffolds loaded with microparticles, designed to provide temporospatially specific differentiation cues for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, by the 3D printing method of projection stereolithography (PSL). We further test the applicability of these novel osteochondral tissues for articular cartilage repair in rabbit model, using medical imaging-guided PSL. Such an approach may be adapted for the development of a single-step, point-of-care procedure for clinical cartilage repair. If successful, the technology being developed here could accelerate the rate of recovery and therefore shorten the time away from active duty status and the duration of rehabilitation, while allowing full recovery of joint function and minimizing the impact on military medical care costs.