gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Characterization of the Laser-Assisted Consolidation Process (1992)

The laser-assisted consolidation process is a novel technology to produce thermoplastic composite parts of excellent quality and structural integrity. It combines the advantages of the traditional thermosetting filament winding technology with the faster processing times of thermoplastic composites in using automated tape laying processes based on on-line consolidation of the prepreg tape with the substrate The maximum sur face temperature and the time that the resin remains above the melt temperature are critical factors in determining the consolidation quality of the part. A thermal analysis of the fila ment winding process utilizing a CO 2 laser beam is presented. Comparison of experimen tal process temperatures, measured using very fast response thermocouples, with tempera tures computed using a heat transfer model proposed by Beyeler and Güçeri, suggests that only 20% of the laser energy is absorbed by the composite material in the process con figuration used in these experiments. It is hypothesized that the low absorption of the laser energy is a result of the high incidence angle at which the laser beam strikes the material. This model implies that the temperature at the surface of the prepreg tape and substrate are sensitive to factors such as process geometry and surface roughness. Experiments also showed that using a narrow infrared laser beam as the sole heating source produces rapid cooling rates at the surface in excess of 1000°C/s resulting in very short melt times of less than 0.1 second. Experiments showed that the addition of a preheater alters the tempera ture profile significantly, producing smaller cooling rates and longer melt times.
A color-independent saturation, linear response, wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor with retinal rod- and cone-like color pixels (2009)

A CMOS image sensor densely and uniformly placed the retinal rod- and cones-like WRGB pixels with lateral overflow integration capacitors having the different sizes in each color has been demonstrated. A 1/3.3-inch, 4.2-µm effective pitch, 1280H H 480V checker-pattern pixels CMOS image sensor was fabricated and has achieved color-independent saturation and about twice the effective sensitivity compared with conventional Bayer-RGB color filter image sensor made at the same time.
Iminosugars: A host-targeted approach to combat Flaviviridae infections (2020)

N-linked glycosylation is the most common form of protein glycosylation and is required for the proper folding, trafficking, and/or receptor binding of some host and viral proteins. As viruses lack their own glycosylation machinery, they are dependent on the host's machinery for these processes. Certain iminosugars are known to interfere with the N-linked glycosylation pathway by targeting and inhibiting α-glucosidases I and II in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbing ER α-glucosidase function can prevent these enzymes from removing terminal glucose residues on N-linked glycans, interrupting the interaction between viral glycoproteins and host chaperone proteins that is necessary for proper folding of the viral protein. Iminosugars have demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo against multiple viruses. This review discusses the broad activity of iminosugars against Flaviviridae. Iminosugars have shown favorable activity against multiple members of the Flaviviridae family in vitro and in murine models of disease, although the activity and mechanism of inhibition can be virus-specfic. While iminosugars are not currently approved for the treatment of viral infections, their potential use as future host-targeted antiviral (HTAV) therapies continues to be investigated.
An analytical approach toward monitoring degradation in engineering thermoplastic materials used for electrical applications (2002)

Engineering thermoplastics are being used in a broad array of applications throughout the electrical industry. Polyester thermoplastics offer desirable electrical and mechanical properties; but when used in the wrong environments, they can be susceptible to hydrolysis. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be used as an analytical tool for monitoring the degree of hydrolytic degradation occurring to engineering thermoplastic materials. By characterizing the molecular weight distribution of a polymer, a direct method of assessing the mechanical performance of the material can be obtained. Three polyester materials, i.e., PBT, PET and PCT, along with two polyphthalamide materials (PPA) were environmentally degraded at a temperature of 60/spl deg/C and a relative humidity level of 100%. The changes in molecular weight distribution with respect to time are monitored and related to the tensile strength values for the materials. The results reveal that the PET and PET materials are the most susceptible to hydrolytic degradation. The PPA materials proved to be quite resistent to hydrolytic degradation. Also, the two PPA materials were found to be quite different in terms of their molecular weight distributions and tensile strength characteristics.
A War on Obesity, Not the Obese (2003)

In their efforts to lose weight, obese individuals may be fighting a powerful set of evolutionary forces honed in an environment drastically different from that of today.
Non-contact breath sampling for sensor-based breath analysis (2019)

Breath analysis holds great promise for real-time and non-invasive medical diagnosis. Thus, there is a considerable need for simple-in-use and portable analyzers for rapid detection of breath indicators for different diseases in their early stages. Sensor technology meets all of these demands. However, miniaturized breath analyzers require adequate breath sampling methods. In this context, we propose non-contact sampling; namely the collection of breath samples by exhalation from a distance into a miniaturized collector without bringing the mouth into direct contact with the analyzing device. To evaluate this approach different breathing maneuvers have been tested in a real-time regime on a cohort of 23 volunteers using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. The breathing maneuvers embraced distinct depths of respiration, exhalation manners, size of the mouth opening and different sampling distances. Two inhalation modes (normal, relaxed breathing and deep breathing) and two exhalation manners (via smaller and wider lips opening) forming four sampling scenarios were selected. A sampling distance of approximately 2 cm was found to be a reasonable trade-off between sample dilution and requirement of no physical contact of the subject with the analyzer. All four scenarios exhibited comparable measurement reproducibility spread of around 10%. For normal, relaxed inspiration both dead-space and end-tidal phases of exhalation lasted approximately 1.5 s for both expiration protocols. Deep inhalation prolongs the end-tidal phase to about 3 s in the case of blowing via a small lips opening, and by 50% when the air is exhaled via a wide one. In conclusion, non-contact breath sampling can be considered as a promising alternative to the existing breath sampling methods, being relatively close to natural spontaneous breathing.
Spontaneously Proliferating Human B Lymphocytes Make Autoantibodies (1988)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 29 patients with autoimmune diseases and eight normal controls were cultured in vitro. Several weeks later, lymphocyte proliferation was observed in many of these cultures. Cell lines were obtained from about half of the donors, at a frequency of approximately 1 in 10(7) lymphocytes. Outgrowth occurred only in cultures from patients who had antibodies to the viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The proliferating cells also contained EBV nuclear antigen, an occurrence confirming that proliferation was a result of latent EBV infection of the donors. Supernatants from these cell lines were tested for autoantibodies by screening against normal tissues. About 30% of the cell lines made autoantibodies, many of which reacted with smooth muscle or epithelial cells. Because EBV is harbored in a latent form in the majority of the adult population, reactivation of latent EBV infection in vivo may explain the production of autoantibodies seen in a variety of immunoregulatory disorders.
The practice of active patient involvement in rare disease research using ICT: experiences and lessons from the RUDY JAPAN project (2021)

We believe the initial outcomes demonstrate the feasibility and utility of active patient involvement in Japan. The collaboration realized through RUDY JAPAN was enabled by digital technologies. It allowed busy patients and researchers to find the space to meet and work together for the Steering Committee, questionnaire development and various communication activities. While the practice of active patient involvement in Japan is still in its early stages, this research confirms its viability if the right conditions are in place. (331 words).
Seed-layer effect on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Pd multilayers (2001)

We have investigated Co/Pd multilayers deposited on either Ta or indium tin oxide (ITO) seed layers as a potential perpendicular recording media. We have examined the microstructural evolution of the films deposited on the two different types of seed layers and related it to the magnetic properties of the films. Ta underlayer produces a strong 〈111〉 fiber texture in the multilayer while ITO produces randomly oriented grains. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a microstructure of columnar grains separated by less dense material at the boundaries for the multilayers with an ITO underlayer. However, the less dense material is absent when using a Ta underlayer. The films exhibited strong perpendicular anisotropy and a higher coercivity of ∼6800 Oe and squareness of ∼0.99 are obtained for the films deposited on an ITO seed layer. The differences in the value of coercivity and squareness in the films can be correlated with the differences in the evolution of microstructures for different seed layers.
Determination of the absolute configuration of aromatase and dual aromatase‐sulfatase inhibitors by vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectra analysis (2009)

The absolute configuration of a newly designed, letrozole-based chiral aromatase inhibitor that could not be defined by crystallographic techniques has been determined by means of vibrational and electronic circular dichroism and by optical rotation measurements combined with density functional theory calculations on possible conformers. The same absolute configurational assignment can be applied to the individual enantiomeric sulfamate esters, which are derived from the corresponding enantiomers of the chirally separated parent phenols, based on the similarity of the ECD spectrum of the sulfamate derivative to that of its phenolic precursor. The two enantiomeric sulfamate esters studied here are the first examples of nonsteroidal dual aromatase-sulfatase inhibitor whose activities have been evaluated on optically resolved enantiomers.
Novel Structurally Varied N-Alkyl 1,4-Dihydropyridines as ABCB1 Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships, Biological Activity and First Bioanalytical Evaluation (2013)

Series of structurally varied N-alkyl 1,4-dihydropyridines and novel benzo-annelated derivatives as 1,4- dihydroquinolines have been characterized as ABCB1 inhibitors. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) are discussed. Cytotoxic activities of selected compounds have been determined. A first bioanalysis of ABCB1 substrate properties has been carried out in a cell-based model. Compounds with highest ABCB1 inhibiting activities were no substrates of ABCB1 and not transported by the efflux pump, thus profiling the new ABCB1 inhibitors.
A molecularly engineered antiviral banana lectin inhibits fusion and is efficacious against influenza virus infection in vivo (2020)

There is a strong need for a new broad-spectrum antiinfluenza therapeutic, as vaccination and existing treatments are only moderately effective. We previously engineered a lectin, H84T banana lectin (H84T), to retain broad-spectrum activity against multiple influenza strains, including pandemic and avian, while largely eliminating the potentially harmful mitogenicity of the parent compound. The amino acid mutation at position 84 from histidine to threonine minimizes the mitogenicity of the wild-type lectin while maintaining antiinfluenza activity in vitro. We now report that in a lethal mouse model H84T is indeed nonmitogenic, and both early and delayed therapeutic administration of H84T intraperitoneally are highly protective, as is H84T administered subcutaneously. Mechanistically, attachment, which we anticipated to be inhibited by H84T, was only somewhat decreased by the lectin. Instead, H84T is internalized into the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment and inhibits virus-endosome fusion. These studies reveal that H84T is efficacious against influenza virus in vivo, and that the loss of mitogenicity seen previously in tissue culture is also seen in vivo, underscoring the potential utility of H84T as a broad-spectrum antiinfluenza agent.
2nd Generation 600V SiC Schottky Diodes Use Merged pn/Schottky Structure for Surge Overload Protection (2006)

A new generation of silicon carbide Schottky diodes has been developed which address surge current overload thermal runaway and lack of avalanche clamping by the use of a merged pn/Schottky diode structure. A PN structure with low ohmic contact is used in parallel with Schottky structure to greatly extend peak current handling and also provide avalanche energy capability without compromising dynamic performance.
Determining the Elastic Properties of Geopalymers Using Nondestructive Ultrasonic Techniques (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Theory Sample Preperation Experimental Setup Results Conclusions References
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm) and DNA-PKcs kinases have overlapping activities during chromosomal signal joint formation (2011)

Lymphocyte antigen receptor gene assembly occurs through the process of V(D)J recombination, which is initiated when the RAG endonuclease introduces DNA DSBs at two recombining gene segments to form broken DNA coding end pairs and signal end pairs. These paired DNA ends are joined by proteins of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DSB repair to form a coding joint and signal joint, respectively. RAG DSBs are generated in G1-phase developing lymphocytes, where they activate the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm) and DNA-PKcs kinases to orchestrate diverse cellular DNA damage responses including DSB repair. Paradoxically, although Atm and DNA-PKcs both function during coding joint formation, Atm appears to be dispensible for signal joint formation; and although some studies have revealed an activity for DNA-PKcs during signal joint formation, others have not. Here we show that Atm and DNA-PKcs have overlapping catalytic activities that are required for chromosomal signal joint formation and for preventing the aberrant resolution of signal ends as potentially oncogenic chromosomal translocations.
3.25.3HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH DIMPLED SURFACES: FUNDAMENTALS: VORTEX FORMATION MODELS (2006)

Sections 3.25.1-3.25.6 Insert the new Sections in the folder for Part 3 following Section 3.24.
Neuropsychological profiles of adult bipolar disorder patients with and without comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (2019)

Cognitive testing had limited power to differentiate between bipolar disorder adults with and without childhood ADHD. The BD + cADHD subgroup cannot explain the significant cognitive heterogeneity seen in bipolar disorder patients.
Surface-attached sulfonamide containing quaternary ammonium antimicrobials for textiles and plastics (2019)

With the risks associated with healthcare-associated infections and the rise of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, there is an important need to control the proliferation of these factors in hospitals, retirement homes and other institutions. This work explores the development and application of a novel class of sulfonamide-based quaternary ammonium antimicrobial coatings, anchored to commercially and clinically relevant material surfaces. Synthesized in high yields (60-97%), benzophenone-anchored antimicrobials were spray-coated and UV grafted onto plastic surfaces, while silane-anchored variants were adhered to select textiles <i>via</i> dip-coating. Surface modified samples were characterised by advancing contact angle, anionic dye staining, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. After verifying coating quality through the above characterization methods, microbiological testing was performed on batch samples in conditions that simulate the natural inoculation of surfaces and objects (solid/air) and water containers (solid/liquid). Using the previously established Large Drop Inoculum (LDI) protocol at solid/air interfaces, all treated samples showed a full reduction (10<sup>5</sup>-10<sup>7</sup> CFU) of viable <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp., <i>S. aureus</i>, and <i>E. coli</i> after 3 h of contact time. Additional testing of the walls of plastic LDPE vials treated with a UV-cured sulfonamide antimicrobial at a solid/liquid interface using the newly developed Large Reservoir Inoculum (LRI) protocol under static conditions revealed a complete kill (>10<sup>6</sup> reduction) of Gram-positive <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp., and a partial kill (>10<sup>4</sup> reduction) of Gram-negative <i>E. coli</i> within 24-48 h of contact.
Simpl_eTS: a simplified method for learning evolving Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models (2005)

This paper deals with a simplified version of the evolving Takagi-Sugeno (eTS) learning algorithm - a computationally efficient procedure for on-line learning TS type fuzzy models. It combines the concept of the scatter as a measure of data density and summarization ability of the TS rules, the use of Cauchy type antecedent membership functions, an aging indicator characterizing the stationarity of the rules, and a recursive least square algorithm to dynamically learn the structure and parameters of the eTS model
Acoustic and laparoscopic localization of active ultrasound transducers in laparoscopic prostate surgery (2015)

International audience
Comparative Sorption of Methylene Blue onto Hydrophobic Clays (2015)

Chemical modifications of clay to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions at room temperature were compared. Natural bentonite (NC) was modified by cation exchange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HC), bencyltriethylammonium chloride (BC), and tetramethylammonium chloride (TC) to reverse the surface polarity of the hydrophilic bentonite. The adsorption of MB was studied and fitted by the adsorption theories of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin. Equilibrium parameters were calculated, indicating that chemical modification did not improve the adsorption, due to the electrostatic adsorption mechanism. Specific surface area was determined, reporting the following trend: NC &gt; TC &gt; BC &gt; HC. Isotherms show that TC is the best modified clay for the adsorption of MB with a capacity of 217 mg/g. Adsorbents were characterized by SEM and the determination of their point zero charge, indicating a charge reversal at pH 9.5 and a heterogeneous surface that is optimum for the adsorption of molecules and ions onto their surfaces.
Decentralized Neural Network-based Excitation Control of Large-scale Power Systems (2007)

Abstract: This paper presents a neural network based decentralized excitation controller design for large-scale power systems. The proposed controller design considers not only the dynamics of generators but also the algebraic constraints of the power flow equations. The control signals are calculated using only local signals. The transient stability and the coordination of the subsystem control activities are guaranteed through rigorous stability analysis. Neural networks in the controller design are used to approximate the unknown/imprecise dynamics of the local power system and the interconnections. All signals in the closed loop system are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. To evaluate its performance, the proposed controller design is compared with conventional controllers optimized using particle swarm optimization. Simulations with a three-machine power system under different disturbances demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller design.
Data from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered with an Inducible Gene Encoding Interleukin-12 for the Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Infusion of interleukin-12 (IL12) can mediate antitumor immunity in animal models, yet its systemic administration to patients with cancer results in minimal efficacy and severe toxicity. Here, we evaluated the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) genetically engineered to secrete single-chain IL12 selectively at the tumor site.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Thirty-three patients with metastatic melanoma were treated in a cell dose–escalation trial of autologous TILs transduced with a gene encoding a single-chain IL12 driven by a nuclear factor of the activated T cells promoter (NFAT.IL12). No IL2 was administered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The administration of 0.001 to 0.1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; NFAT.IL12–transduced TILs to 17 patients resulted in a single, objective response (5.9%). However, at doses between 0.3 and 3 × 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; cells, 10 of 16 patients (63%) exhibited objective clinical responses. The responses tended to be short, and the administered IL12-producing cells rarely persisted at 1 month. Increasing cell doses were associated with high serum levels of IL12 and IFNγ as well as clinical toxicities, including liver dysfunction, high fevers, and sporadic life-threatening hemodynamic instability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; In this first-in-man trial, administration of TILs transduced with an inducible IL12 gene mediated tumor responses in the absence of IL2 administration using cell doses 10- to 100-fold lower than conventional TILs. However, due to toxicities, likely attributable to the secreted IL12, further refinement will be necessary before this approach can be safely used in the treatment of cancer patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2278–88. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Study of micro-electro discharge machining (micro-EDM) with on-machine measurement-assisted techniques (2011)

In this study on-machine measurement-assisted techniques are utilized in combination with micro-EDM to successfully machine intricate micro-parts. Two measurement approaches, automatic optical inspection (AOI) and critical contact measurement (CCM), are used on a previously built machine tool. AOI acquires the image from the contour of the machined workpiece and further processes the image to determine the finish allowance. CCM measures on-line the consumption of the microelectrode to create an accurate compensation rate. These two non-contact measurement techniques facilitate on-machine error detection and re-machining during micro-EDM. Significant work efficiency and preservation of machining accuracy are gained by having the workpiece and tool remain in place throughout machining procedures. A micro-probe with a diameter of 30 µm and a micro 3D engraving mold on a small tungsten steel ball are perfectly fabricated and verified, respectively.