gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic detection to position human nasogastric tubes. (2001)

Placement of nasogastric tubes is one of the most commonly performed diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures. Proper placement of the tube in the digestive tract below the diaphragm is crucial for efficacy and safety. This study evaluates a magnet detection system that allows percutaneous non-radiographic localization of the nasogastric tube tip. Each volunteer subject had the magnet detector placed over the abdomen, and was then intubated with a magnet-tagged nasogastric tube. Eighty-eight nasogastric tube placements were performed in 22 volunteers. The detection system located the nasogastric tube tip below the diaphragm in all 88 placements. Location in all attempts was confirmed by fluoroscopy. This method of correctly locating the tip of nasogastric tubes may obviate the need for radiographic imaging in most cases.
Gauging tumour pressure and vasculature organization via Magnetic Resonance Elastography to grade brain tumours. (2023)

Distinctive traits of malignant tumours are abnormal angiogenesis and high pressure. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a critical role in radiological evaluation of patients and tumour grading, but challenges remain. Pressure and vasculature have a strong impact on the tissue rheology and therefore they can be quantified by Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE). We show that MRE allows to quantify non-invasively tumour grade using pressure and tumour vasculature through wave scattering. We believe that MRE could play a central role in tumour grading and diagnosis as well as in therapy planning and dosage, especially in multidrug treatments scenarios.
Up-regulation of soluble RANKL at tumor-bone interface is critical for mammary tumor-induced osteolysis (2007)

2795 Bone metastases are most common in patients with advanced breast cancer. The incidence is very high with 65 -75% patients suffer from bone metastasis. Bone metastatic lesions in breast cancer patients are predominantly osteolytic. We hypothesize that tumor-bone interaction is critical for tumor-induced osteolysis and establishment as bone metastasis. We have developed a murine model to examine tumor-stromal interaction in osteolytic bone metastasis. Using this model, we analyzed whether tumor-bone microenvironment regulates expression of genes critical for tumor-induced osteolysis. We used microarray analysis for gene expression profiling at the tumor bone interface versus the tumor alone area from syngenic mice injected with three different mammary tumor cell lines that differ in their metastatic potential (4T1 being the aggressive, Cl66 is moderately metastatic and Cl66M2 is poorly metastatic). Microarray analysis revealed the up-regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in all three cell lines at the tumor bone interface as compared to tumor alone area. We did not observe significant difference in RANK expression. This observation was further validated by quantitative real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the levels of soluble RANKL was significantly elevated at TB-interface as compared to tumor alone area. Inhibition of RANKL using antisense oligonucleotides (AS-RANKL) in syngenic mice injected with Cl66 cells, abrogated mammary-tumor-induced osteolysis. mRNA analysis showed significantly decreased expression of RANKL at TB-interface in AS-RANKL-treated groups compared to control-oligonucleotide treated group. The levels of sRANKL and osteoprotegrin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL, ratios significantly decreased following inhibition of RANKL expression. Together, these results demonstrate that soluble RANKL is an important mediator of mammary tumor-induced osteolysis and the inhibition of RANKL expression using antisense oligonucleotide might be a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer bone metastasis.
On The Development of a Reliable Gate Stack for Future Technology Nodes Based on III-V Materials (2018)

In this work, we discuss how the insertion of a LaSiOx layer in between an in-house IL passivation layer and the high-k has moved the III-V gate stack into the target window for future technology nodes. The insertion of this LaSiOx layer in the gate stack has reduced the Dit and Nbt below the target level of 5x10 11 /eV.cm 2 and 3x10 10 /cm 2 (target at 10 years operation: Vfb<30mV at 125C) respectively. From physical analysis, it was found that LaSiOx can stabilize the interaction of the IL layer with the InGaAs substrate. An implant free In0.53Ga0.47As n-MOSFET was fabricated with this gate stack and for the first time, a III-V gate stack meets the reliability target for advanced technology nodes with a max operating Vov of 0.6 V. In addition, an excellent electron mobility (eff,peak=3531 cm 2 /V-s), low SSlin=71 mV/dec and an EOT of 1.15 nm were obtained. We also report the scaling potential of this stack to 1 nm EOT without any loss in performance, reliability and further reduction of the sub-threshold swing (SSlin=68 mV/dec).
ChemInform Abstract: TBAF‐Promoted Dehydrobrominations of Vicinal Dibromides Having an Adjacent O‐Functional Group. (2011)

Abstract With 1.1 equiv.
Presence Traffic Optimization Techniques (2006)

With the growth of presence-based services, it is important to provision the network to support high traffic and load generated by presence services. Presence event distribution systems amplify a single incoming PUBLISH message into possibly numerous outgoing NOTIFY messages from the server. This can increase the network load on inter-domain links and can potentially disrupt other QoS-sensitive applications. In this document, we present existing as well as new techniques that can be used to reduce presence traffic both in inter-domain and intra-domain scenarios. Specifically, we propose two new techniques: sending common NOTIFY for multiple watchers and batched notifications. We also propose some generic heuristics that can be used to reduce network traffic due to presence.
Blind separation of images obtained by spatially-varying mixing system (2008)

The framework of blind separation of mixed images is extended to the case of mixing by a nonuniform medium. As an example, we provide a solution to blind separation of optically-distorted reflections superimposed on images taken through a curved semi-reflector. We use two images taken from slightly different locations, to remove the reflections. We consider the problem in the context of sparse blind source separation, where the sources are spatially-varying filtered prior to being mixed. The Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is used to sparsify the images and estimate the mixing system. The sources are then estimated, using a variational approach. It uses a regularization operator, which is edge-preserving and color-channel coupled.
Rapid preimplantation detection of mutant (shiverer) and normal alleles of the mouse myelin basic protein gene allowing selective implantation and birth of live young. (1990)

As a model for the detection of human genetic disease in preimplantation embryos, we describe a method in which trophectoderm biopsy samples from viable mouse blastocysts are simultaneously analyzed for the presence of a normal or mutant allele of the myelin basic protein gene by the polymerase chain reaction. The biopsied embryos are kept in culture during analysis of biopsied material and later reintroduced to a foster mother. Prenatal diagnosis can be completed in less than 7 hr. The identity of either amplification product was proved conclusively by direct sequence analysis of amplified products. Ninety-six percent of recovered blastocysts survived biopsy, as judged by re-formation of a blastocyst cavity in culture. Fifty-nine percent of the biopsied embryos established pregnancy by day 6.5, compared to 88% of unmanipulated controls. This approach can be applied to preimplantation diagnosis of human genetic diseases by using extraembryonic cells from blastocysts obtained after in vitro fertilization or uterine lavage. It will make possible the elimination of a mutant allele from a family in a single generation.
Strained High Percentage (60%) Boron Doped Silicon-Germanium Alloys - Strain, Dopant Substitionality, Carrier Concentration, Resistivity, and Microstructure Development (2012)

In this work we study the incorporation of boron into fully strained high percentage (60%) boron doped Silicon-Germanium (SiGe). We will discuss the epitaxial growth, dopant incorporation, and strain compensation due to the dopant atoms, defect generation in highly strained doped SiGe layers as well as dopant activation, free carrier concentration and mobilities. We will look at band structure effects due to high doping in strained SiGe layers.
Metamaterials: transforming theory into reality (2009)

Metamaterials constitute a new area of science that is expanding our fundamental understanding of the behavior of the propagation of electromagnetic waves and their interactions, and providing new solutions for a wide range of applications from optical communications and defense to biological imaging. In this brief review, we focus on recent progress in theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies of linear and nonlinear optical properties of negative index materials and in the emerging field of transformation optics.
Improved Responses and Cures with Less Hematologic Toxicity Using Anti-CD20 Bispecific Antibody Pretargeted Radionuclides Compared to Directly Radiolabeled IgG in a NHL Model. (2007)

Abstract Directly radiolabeled anti-CD20 IgGs approved for the treatment of follicular and transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma produce higher response rates than rituximab. However, these treatments result in severe and protracted hematologic toxicity, which is directly related to the slow blood clearance of these radiolabeled products. Pretargeting procedures separate radionuclide-targeting from the slow antibody-targeting step, and because the radiolabeled compound is small in size, it clears rapidly and thoroughly from the blood and body in just a few hours, minimizing radiation exposure. We have developed a novel recombinant and humanized Tri-Fab bispecific antibody (bsMAb) for pretargeting using the modular Dock-and-Lock procedure. This bsMAb divalently binds to CD20, with the monovalent Fab binding to a unique peptide hapten (HSG) that carries the therapeutic radionuclide. Nude mice bearing established (0.5 to 0.9 cm3) subcutaneous Ramos human B-cell lymphomas were given a single dose of either a 90Y-humanized anti-CD20 IgG (150 and 175 μCi; 50 μg) or a bsMAb-pretargeted 90Y-DOTA-HSG-peptide (150, 250, 500, and 700 μCi). Tissue counting data derived 24 h after injecting the radiolabeled product showed similar tumor uptake between the IgG and pretargeted peptide, but tumor/blood ratios were &amp;gt;1000:1 for the pretargeted peptide vs. 1:1 for the IgG. At both 90Y-IgG doses, blood counts decreased ∼90% for 2 weeks after treatment, while the pretargeted groups only decreased ∼60% at the 700 μCi dose to as low as a 25% decrease at the 250 μCi dose, with full recoveries occurring within 2 weeks of the nadir. The severe hematologic toxicity also resulted in 2/10 and 4/10 deaths within 2 weeks of the 150- and 175-μCi 90Y-IgG doses, respectively. In the remaining animals, after experiencing an initial response, all tumors progressed to ≥1.5 cm3 within 3 weeks of treatment. Only 1/10 animals given 500 μCi of the pretargeted dose showed tumor progression, with all others in this group and the 700-μCi-group showing no evidence of disease. Earlier studies have shown 40%, 59%, and 90% cure rates after 14 to 18 weeks evaluation with 150, 250, and 500 μCi, respectively, of the bsMAb-pretargeted 90Y-peptide (n = 10 to 22 animals). These studies demonstrate that bsMAb pretargeting significantly improves response rates, with durable cures and without the excessive hematologic toxicity commonly associated with directly radiolabeled antibodies. (Supported in part from USPHS grant P01-CA103985.)
Primary cilia membrane assembly is initiated by Rab11 and transport protein particle II (TRAPPII) complex-dependent trafficking of Rabin8 to the centrosome (2011)

Sensory and signaling pathways are exquisitely organized in primary cilia. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) patients have compromised cilia and signaling. BBS proteins form the BBSome, which binds Rabin8, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activating the Rab8 GTPase, required for ciliary assembly. We now describe serum-regulated upstream vesicular transport events leading to centrosomal Rab8 activation and ciliary membrane formation. Using live microscopy imaging, we show that upon serum withdrawal Rab8 is observed to assemble the ciliary membrane in ∼100 min. Rab8-dependent ciliary assembly is initiated by the relocalization of Rabin8 to Rab11-positive vesicles that are transported to the centrosome. After ciliogenesis, Rab8 ciliary transport is strongly reduced, and this reduction appears to be associated with decreased Rabin8 centrosomal accumulation. Rab11-GTP associates with the Rabin8 COOH-terminal region and is required for Rabin8 preciliary membrane trafficking to the centrosome and for ciliogenesis. Using zebrafish as a model organism, we show that Rabin8 and Rab11 are associated with the BBS pathway. Finally, using tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we determined that the transport protein particle (TRAPP) II complex associates with the Rabin8 NH(2)-terminal domain and show that TRAPP II subunits colocalize with centrosomal Rabin8 and are required for Rabin8 preciliary targeting and ciliogenesis.
Electrochemical lithium insertion into (MoS2)n nanotube bundles (2002)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. Dominko, M. Gaberscek, P. Venturini, D. Arcon, A. Mrzel, M. Remskar, S. Pejovnik, D. Mihailovic; Electrochemical lithium insertion into (MoS2)n nanotube bundles. AIP Conf. Proc. 14 October 2002; 633 (1): 624–627. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1514197 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Molecular Inclusion Complexes of β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives Enhance Aqueous Solubility and Cellular Internalization of Paclitaxel: Preformulation and In vitro Assessments (2015)

Drugs with low aqueous solubility and permeability possess substantial challenges in designing effective and safe formulations. Synergistic solubility and permeability enhancement in a simple formulation can increase bioavailability and efficacy of such drugs. To overcome limitations of the clinical formulation of Taxol®, Paclitaxel (PTX) was reformulated with various β-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives suitable for parenteral administration. Results indicated that β-CDs can efficiently form complexes with PTX at lower molar ratios, enhance aqueous solubility up to 500 times and improved cellular internalization of PTX. All β-CD derivatives were found to be safe as excipient since none showed detectable signs of cyto-genotoxicity. As a result, the CD-PTX complexes significantly increased the cytotoxicity of the drug. The study concluded that CD-PTX formulations could substitute the current intravenous infusion of PTX obviating the use of non-inert excipient Cremophor EL.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrochemistry of Polycrystalline n‐WO3. Electrochemical Characterization and Photoassisted Oxidation Processes. (1988)

Abstract Photocurrent‐potential curves for polycrystalline WO 3 electrodes have been determined in electrolytes containing different redox couples, at various pH values, and with RuO 2 and Au overlayers.
700. Formulation of Chemically Modified Short Interfering RNA (siRNA) for Local Delivery to the Respiratory Tract (2006)

RNA interference using synthetic siRNAs to inhibit gene expression in a sequence-specific manner offers a novel opportunity for treating pulmonary diseases including asthma, airway inflammation, and respiratory viral infections. Developing siRNAs as therapeutics will however require chemical modifications to avoid degradation by nucleases, and delivery formulations to improve lung exposure. In the studies summarized here, we compared the time course of exposure in lung tissue of unmodified siRNA and greater than 95% stabilized siRNA. As part of a program to evaluate siRNAs that target inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, IL-4Ra siRNA, 20 μg total administered dose (1.0 mg/kg), was given intratracheally in anesthetized mice. siRNA in lung tissues was assessed at multiple time points after dosing using a hybridization assay. In addition, the time course of exposure in lung tissue of siRNA in proprietary lipid nanoparticle formulations were also evaluated. Chemical modification increased the half life of lung exposure of unstabilized siRNA from less than 2.0 min to 2.7h. Formulation of chemically modified siRNA increased the half life of lung exposure to 22h. Direct intratracheal adminstration of non- formulated Cy3-labeled siRNAs resulted in diffuse, dose-dependent uptake by respiratory epithelia and macrophages. Chemically modified, formulated siRNAs against specific targets will provide the tools for exploring the pathophysiology of lung diseases and have the potential to provide novel therapies. This work represents a collaboration between the University of Iowa and Sirna Therapeutics.
Sensitivity of pair statistics on pair potentials in many-body systems (2020)

We study the sensitivity and practicality of Henderson's theorem in classical statistical mechanics, which states that the pair potential v(r) that gives rise to a given pair correlation function g<sub>2</sub>(r) [or equivalently, the structure factor S(k)] in a classical many-body system at number density ρ and temperature T is unique up to an additive constant. While widely invoked in inverse-problem studies, the utility of the theorem has not been quantitatively scrutinized to any large degree. We show that Henderson's theorem has practical shortcomings for disordered and ordered phases for certain densities and temperatures. Using proposed sensitivity metrics, we identify illustrative cases in which distinctly different potential functions give very similar pair correlation functions and/or structure factors up to their corresponding correlation lengths. Our results reveal that due to a limited range and precision of pair information in either direct or reciprocal space, there is effective ambiguity of solutions to inverse problems that utilize pair information only, and more caution must be exercised when one claims the uniqueness of any resulting effective pair potential found in practice. We have also identified systems that possess virtually identical pair statistics but have distinctly different higher-order correlations. Such differences should be reflected in their individually distinct dynamics (e.g., glassy behaviors). Finally, we prove a more general version of Henderson's theorem that extends the uniqueness statement to include potentials that involve two- and higher-body interactions.
Transporting stochastic direct and indirect effects to new populations (2020)

Transported mediation effects may contribute to understanding how interventions work differently when applied to new populations. However, we are not aware of any estimators for such effects. Thus, we propose two doubly robust, efficient estimators of transported stochastic (also called randomized interventional) direct and indirect effects. We demonstrate their finite sample properties in a simulation study. We then apply the preferred substitution estimator to longitudinal data from the Moving to Opportunity Study, a large-scale housing voucher experiment, to transport stochastic indirect effect estimates of voucher receipt in childhood on subsequent risk of mental health or substance use disorder mediated through parental employment across sites, thereby gaining understanding of drivers of the site differences.
Reverse conducting–IGBTs initial snapback phenomenon and its analytical modelling (2014)

Analytical models have been proposed to describe the onset current density for the initial snapback in the transistor on‐state mode and in the blocking state of reverse conducting‐insulated gate bipolar transistors (RC‐IGBT) for the stripe and cylindrical designs of the anode shorts. In cylindrical case, there are two possible ways in designing the anode shorts and the authors have proposed an analytical model for each of them. The considered RC‐IGBTs are vertical with soft punch‐through type buffer designs. The analytical model has been evaluated with the aid of 2‐D device simulations and measurements. The authors have investigated the initial snapback phenomenon for different voltage class devices at a given technology (anode and buffer profiles) and found out that the snapback voltage increases with the blocking capability but not the snapback current density. The authors have also observed that the initial snapback phenomenon is more pronounced at lower temperatures. From the analytical model as well as simulation and measurement results, the authors have found that for a given voltage class and technology, the p + ‐anode width is the only remaining design degree of freedom which determines the initial snapback. The adjustment of the on‐state losses can then be done with the proportion of the n + ‐short region.
THESEUS: A Routing System for Shared Sensor Networks (2015)

THESEUS is an energy-efficient routing system for Shared Sensor Networks (SSNs), with the primary goal of extending network lifetime. THESEUS has two features that distinguish it from other works found in the literature. First, it saves SSN nodes energy by using a packet aggregation algorithm, which reduces the number of transmissions. Second, THESEUS balances energy usage in the whole SSN by its dynamic, QoS and energy aware route selection algorithm. Such energy usage balancing avoids network partitioning. Both features of THESEUS result in prolonging the SSN lifetime. Experiments were performed with the purpose of evaluating THESEUS effectiveness for improving the SSNs lifetime. Furthermore, THESEUS supports multiple sink nodes dynamically that means it adjusts routes in case of a sink node added or removed.
Tuning shades of white light with multi-color quantum-dot–quantum-well emitters based on onion-like CdSe–ZnS heteronanocrystals (2008)

We present white light generation controlled and tuned by multi-color quantum-dot-quantum-well emitters made of onion-like CdSe/ZnS/CdSe core/shell/shell heteronanocrystals integrated on InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We demonstrate hybrid white LEDs with (x, y) tristimulus coordinates tuned from (0.26, 0.33) to (0.37, 0.36) and correlated color temperatures from 27 413 to 4192 K by controlling the number of their integrated red-green-emitting heteronanocrystals. We investigate the modification of in-film emission from these multi-layered heteronanocrystals with respect to their in-solution emission, which plays a significant role in hybrid LED applications. Our proof-of-principle experiments indicate that these complex heteronanocrystals hold promise for use as nanoluminophors in future hybrid white LEDs.