gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CATT voor de boomkwekerij - pilotproeven met sierheesterstek en vaste planten laten kansen voor de toekomst zien (2012)

In dit project hebben we het perspectief voor CATT-behandelingen (Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatment) voor boomkwekerijgewassen onderzocht. Deze methode combineert een CA-behandeling (gewijzigde luchtsamenstelling door aanpassing van CO2-en O2-condities) met een temperatuurbehandeling. Hiervoor wordt het plantmateriaal gedurende een bepaalde periode in een gasdichte cel bewaard. CATT-behandelingen zijn een duurzame vorm van plaagbestrijding omdat er geen chemische middelen aan te pas komen en omdat er geringe kans is op resistentieontwikkeling van de plaagorganismen. Bovendien kan deze methode zeer snel in praktijk worden geïmplementeerd omdat deze geen wettelijke toelating behoeft. Zo zijn in korte tijd CATT-behandelingen ontwikkeld voor het bestrijden van plagen in aardbei, die nu succesvol in praktijk worden toegepast. In dit project hebben we twee sierheesters in de stekfase (Buxus sempervirens en Ilex altaclerensis) en vier soorten vaste planten in de winterbewaring (Astilbe japonica, Geranium sanguineum, Phlox paniculata, Paeonia officinalis) behandeld en vergeleken met onbehandelde controles.
Hybrid model predictive control tracking of a sawtooth driving profile for an HEV (2008)

Based on a two-mode operation model of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) developed in previous work, this paper presents a hybrid optimal control solution for the power management problem of a PHEV. The optimal power flows between the vehicle's main subsystems are computed as solutions of a switching-system optimization (nonlinear programming problem) formulated at the supervisory level assuming a hierarchical vehicle control structure. The resulting equations are numerically solved using collocation methods. The approach is illustrated using the optimal and MPC tracking of a sawtooth velocity driving profile. Unlike other work, the assumption that there is always sufficient power to achieve perfect tracking is not made in this work.
Analysis of 48-pulse based STATCOM and UPFC performance under balanced and fault conditions (2012)

Convertible Static Compensator (CSC) which is a versatile Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology has been installed on Marcy 345 kV substation and increases power transfer capability, operational functionality, and power flow controllability of the New York Power Authority (NYPA) transmission system. This paper presents a comprehensive description of CSC inverter 48-pulse wave construction along with introduction of control strategy deployed in CSC when it is operating as a STATCOM and UPFC. STATCOM and UPFC steady state and dynamic operation PSCAD simulation results under different testing conditions including unbalanced condition and faults are presented. This paper also provides comprehensive analysis of the STATCOM response to negative sequence and harmonic voltage components on the transmission line during fault conditions. The amounts of DC-link capacitance that lead to maximum and minimum of fundamental negative sequence current on the tie line and 120 Hz oscillation on the DC-link voltage are calculated. Simulation results of STATCOM performance with different DC-link capacitance during fault condition will be shown. At the end of the paper, one exiting problem regarding to UPFC operation of NYPA CSC has been addressed and illustrated with precise simulation results.
Food safety considerations and research priorities for the cultured meat and seafood industry (2021)

Abstract Cell‐cultured meat and seafood offer a sustainable opportunity to meet the world's increasing demand for protein in a climate‐changed world. A responsible, data‐driven approach to assess and demonstrate safety of cell‐cultured meat and seafood can support consumer acceptance and help fully realize the potential of these products. As an initial step toward a thorough demonstration of safety, this review identifies hazards that could be introduced during manufacturing, evaluates applicability of existing safety assessment approaches, and highlights research priorities that could support safe commercialization. Input was gathered from members of the cultured meat and seafood industry, researchers, regulators, and food safety experts. A series of workshops were held with 87 industry representatives and researchers to create a modular manufacturing process diagram, which served as a framework to identify potential chemical and biological hazards along the steps of the manufacturing process that could affect the safety of a final food product. Interviews and feedback on draft documents validated the process diagram and supported hazard identification and evaluation of applicable safety methods. Most hazards are not expected to be novel; therefore, safety assessment methods from a range of fields, such as conventional and novel foods, foods produced from biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and so forth, are likely to be applicable. However, additional assessment of novel inputs or products with significant differences from existing foods may be necessary. Further research on the safety of the inputs and associated residues, potential for contamination, and development of standardized safety assessment approaches (particularly animal‐free methods) is recommended.
ChemInform Abstract: Rigid Dipeptide Surrogates: Syntheses of Enantiopure Quinolizidinone and Pyrroloazepinone Amino Acids from a Common Diaminodicarboxylate Precursor. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling of dopant diffusion during rapid thermal annealing (1986)

Observations of enhanced dopant diffusion during rapid thermal annealing (RTA) have been made and correlated with the existence of the following phenomena: (1) amorphization of the ion implanted layer; (2) damage-induced dislocation formation; (3) damage annealing; (4) self-interstitial trapping; or (5) dopant solubility enhancement. Thus, modeling the diffusion of As, B, P, and Sb during RTA presents a unique challenge, since point-defect generation, damage annealing, and solid solubility levels are occurring or changing during the short diffusion intervals. The base line modeling environment for studying transient diffusion must include normal, thermally assisted diffusion processes such as electric field effects, concentration-dependent diffusion, clustering or precipitation, dopant misfit strain, etc. In addition, transient phenomena must be introduced. We have handled transient modeling by overlaying the time-dependent effects on steady-state thermally assisted diffusion calculations. Temperature and point-defect transients are calculated by performing calculations over small time intervals in which average parameter values are determined. Calculations and measurements have been performed for As, P, B, and BF2 implants into crystalline and preamorphized Si. Atomic level models are proposed and activation energies have been determined for each substrate–dopant combination.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Gene Expression Profiling in Cervical Cancer: An Exploration of Intratumor Heterogeneity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Gene Expression Profiling in Cervical Cancer: An Exploration of Intratumor Heterogeneity
Abstract 15401: Electrical Vagal Nerve Stimulation Significantly Redresses Autonomic Balance, Lowers Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Improves Survival in Rats With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2017)

Introductions: Autonomic imbalance play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Electrical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is known to redress autonomic balanc...
Laser Peening Technology as the SCC Mitigation for Reactor Internals (2011)

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is one of the major concerns for aged nuclear reactors. SCC-susceptible materials have been employed in a wide variety of applications in the nuclear industry. Laser Peening (LP) is a method for the SCC mitigation that eliminates surface tensile stress using impulsive effect of high-pressure plasma induced by irradiation with high-power laser pulses in the water. To apply LP to nuclear reactor internals, Toshiba has developed a new process which needs no protective coating on the materials and optimizes the conditions for the laser irradiation. Its effects for stress improvement and SCC-mitigation of laser-peened materials were confirmed through SCC tests for austenitic stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. Also integrity of the laser-peened materials was confirmed through various examinations. Toshiba developed the LP system for the core shroud and the reactor bottom part of BWRs, and has been applying it to actual Japanese nuclear reactors since 1999. For PWRs, Toshiba developed the system for Bottom-Mounted Instrumentation (BMI) nozzles and other Reactor Vessel (RV) nozzles, and has been applying it to Japanese PWRs since 2004. So far Toshiba has already completed LP operations for 2 PWR plants and 8 BWR plants in Japan. In consideration of extending the LP system to BWRs and PWRs overseas, a portable LP system equipped with a small size laser oscillator has been developed. We confirm the possibility that the portable LP system makes the outage period shorter.
Anomaly Detection Method “Cumulative Sum Detection” for In-Vehicle Networks (2020)

This paper proposes cumulative sum detection, which can detect cyberattacks on Controller Area Network (CAN). Well-known existing attack detection techniques cause false positives and false negatives when there are long delays or early arrivals involving usual periodic message reception. The proposed technique can detect attacks with almost no false positives or false negatives, that is highly accurate even when there are a long delays or early arrivals. This paper evaluates the detection accuracy of existing techniques and the proposed technique using computer simulation with CAN data obtained from actual vehicles. By considering the evaluation result and the ease of parameter adjustment, we show that the cumulative sum detection is the best of these techniques.
Intrinsic disorder in graphene on transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures (2014)

The electronic properties of two-dimensional materials such as graphene are extremely sensitive to their environment, especially the underlying substrate. Planar van der Waals bonded substrates such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been shown to greatly improve the electrical performance of graphene devices by reducing topographic variations and charge fluctuations compared to amorphous insulating substrates}. Semiconducting transition metal dichalchogenides (TMDs) are another family of van der Waals bonded materials that have recently received interest as alternative substrates to hBN for graphene as well as for components in novel graphene-based device heterostructures. Additionally, their semiconducting nature permits dynamic gate voltage control over the interaction strength with graphene. Through local scanning probe measurements we find that crystalline defects intrinsic to TMDs induce scattering in graphene which results in significant degradation of the heterostructure quality, particularly compared to similar graphene on hBN devices.
Active control of interior noise using piezoceramic actuators. (1991)

Active control of aircraft interior noise has recently received increased emphasis as an effective, lightweight noise control approach. Flight tests have demonstrated 10 to 15 dB of noise reduction using distributions of interior acoustic sources. However, to achieve control over the first three to five blade passage harmonics, actuator numbers ranging from 16 to 32 or more have been used. Additionally, the optimum distribution of actuators changes between those frequencies associated with the first one or two harmonics and the higher harmonics. Recent work at NASA Langley has investigated the use of piezoceramic patches bonded to the shell surface of a large-scale composite fuselage model. These were used as force actuators in an active control system where the interior acoustic pressure was minimized using a least-means-squares algorithm. Results show an 8- to 15-dB global noise reduction for a variety of test conditions. The results are compared for different actuator numbers, locations, and excitation conditions. Generally, it was found that in-plane force excitation is more effective for controlling the required low-order azimuthal modes. Also, frame-mounted actuators were found to be effective under certain conditions. Finally, the implementation of the control system and the transducer arrangement will be related to the mechanisms controlling the noise transmission and radiation coupling.
Separated and overlapping neural coding of face and body identity (2021)

Abstract Recognising a person’s identity often relies on face and body information, and is tolerant to changes in low-level visual input (e.g. viewpoint changes). Previous studies have suggested that face identity is disentangled from low-level visual input in the anterior face-responsive regions. It remains unclear which regions disentangle body identity from variations in viewpoint, and whether face and body identity are encoded separately or combined into a coherent person identity representation. We trained participants to recognize three identities, and then recorded their brain activity using fMRI while they viewed face and body images of the three identities from different viewpoints. Participants’ task was to respond to either the stimulus identity or viewpoint. We found consistent decoding of body identity across viewpoint in the fusiform body area, right anterior temporal cortex, middle frontal gyrus and right insula. This finding demonstrates a similar function of fusiform and anterior temporal cortex for bodies as has previously been shown for faces, suggesting these regions may play a general role in extracting high-level identity information. Moreover, we could decode identity across neural activity evoked by faces and bodies in the early visual cortex, right inferior occipital cortex, right parahippocampal cortex and right superior parietal cortex, revealing a distributed network that encodes person identity abstractly. Lastly, identity decoding was consistently better when participants attended to identity, indicating that attention to identity enhances its neural representation. These results offer new insights into how the brain develops an abstract neural coding of person identity, shared by faces and bodies.
Supplementary Figure 6 from PI3K Inhibition Impairs BRCA1/2 Expression and Sensitizes BRCA-Proficient Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 190K, ERK and ETS1 downregulate BRCA1/2 expression&lt;/p&gt;
Motion Picture Femtophotography with Sequentially Timed All-optical Mapping Photography (2015)

We present a method for motion-picture femtophotography that performs continuous, single-shot, burst image acquisition without the need for repetitive measurements. We capture the dynamics of laser ablation and phonon propagation with the imaging method.
Prenatal Origin of Pediatric Leukemia: Lessons From Hematopoietic Development (2021)

Several lines of evidence suggest that childhood leukemia, the most common cancer in young age, originates during <i>in utero</i> development. However, our knowledge of the cellular origin of this large and heterogeneous group of malignancies is still incomplete. The identification and characterization of their cell of origin is of crucial importance in order to define the processes that initiate and sustain disease progression, to refine faithful animal models and to identify novel therapeutic approaches. During embryogenesis, hematopoiesis takes place at different anatomical sites in sequential waves, and occurs in both a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-dependent and a HSC-independent fashion. Despite the recently described relevance and complexity of HSC-independent hematopoiesis, few studies have so far investigated its potential involvement in leukemogenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge on prenatal origin of leukemias in the context of recent insights in developmental hematopoiesis.
Radiosynthesis and initial in vivo evaluation of 2-[18F]FBTTP, a radiotracer targeting CX3CR1 (2015)

356 Objectives Many neuropsychiatric diseases possess a neuroinflammatory component1. Within the central nervous system, the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) is a microglia-specific target and could serve as a new biomarker for imaging neuroinflammation. It is located on the cell surface thereby making it accessible to administered targeting radiotracers. Recently, (R)-2-((2-amino-5-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino)-4-methylpentan-1-ol (2-FBTTP) was one among a library of CX3CR1 selective antagonists reported2. 2-FBTTP has a Ki of 23 nM and an 18 fold selectivity over CXCR2. Here we report the radiosynthesis and initial in-vivo evaluation of 2-[18F]FBTTP. Methods (R)-2-((2-amino-5-mercaptothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)amino)-4-methylpentan-1-ol was synthesized as previously reported2 and alkylated with 2-[18F]fluoro-benzylbromide to produce 2-[18F]FBTTP. 2-[18F]fluoro-benzylbromide was prepared by a one-pot microwave radiofluorination of 2-formyl-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenanilinium triflate followed by sodium borohydride reduction, and bromination with 48% HBr using a procedure analogous to that reported for the preparation of 4-[18F]fluoro-benzylbromide3,4. 2-[18F]FBTTP (350µCi) was injected via the tail vein of healthy mice and imaged using small animal PET. Images were collected at 10, 30, 60, and 120 min post-injection. Results 2-[18F]FBTTP was prepared in a decay corrected yield of 10.2% in a specific activity of 1500 Ci/mmol (55,500 GBq/mmol) in a total syntheis time of 110 min. Substantial radiotracer uptake in the brain was seen in the 60 min image. Conclusions 2-[18F]FBTTP was successfully prepared and initial imaging in healthy mice demonstrated the ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier. Detailed brain biodistribution and investigation in a variety of experimental models of neuroinflammation are currently underway.
Effects of negative differential resistance in high power devices and some relations to DMOS structures (2010)

Due to the feedback of free carriers to the electric field, branches with negative differential resistance (NDR) occur in high power devices. NDR usually leads to current filaments. These current filaments might be non-destructive if they move. Most critical effects are found if impact ionization occurs at the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -junction with a positive electrical feedback to avalanche or dynamic avalanche at the pn-junction. Against dangerous double-sided dynamic avalanche, countermeasures have been found in high power devices. These structures suppress or limit the formation of electric fields at the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -junction. They lead to devices with dramatically increased ruggedness. Even if ESD and DMOS devices operate at lower voltage, the very high current density levels lead to a density of free carriers above the specific doping of the layer, and free carriers dominate the shape of the electric field. Similar effects of negative differential resistance and moving filaments have been found in ESD protection devices. Snap-back effects have been found in DMOS devices. Possible relations are discussed.
Decoding key nodes in the metabolism of cancer cells: sugar & spice and all things nice (2012)

In the past 5 years, a convergence of studies has resulted in a broad appreciation in the cancer research community that reprogramming of cellular metabolism may be more central to cancer than appreciated in the past 30 years. The re-emergence of cancer metabolism stems in part from discoveries that a number of common oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes more directly control cell metabolism than previously thought. In addition, a number of what would previously have been called "card-carrying" metabolic enzymes have been identified as human tumor suppressors or oncogenes, causally mutated in a variety of human cancers. This growing appreciation of the role of altered cell metabolism has led to further investigation into the rate-limiting proteins involved in different aspects of the unique metabolism of tumor cells. Targeting cancer metabolism with drugs requires a therapeutic window in which tumor cells, compared to normal tissues, have a greater dependence on specific metabolic enzymes. Themes that have emerged in the past decade of developing oncogene-targeted cancer therapeutics suggest that tumors with distinct oncogenic lesions are likely to require drugs that target distinct metabolic pathways. Ultimately, the hope is that detailed knowledge of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene functions and their effects on metabolism will lead to drug combinations that will be far more effective in treating cancers.
Experimental task-based optimization of a four-camera variable-pinhole small-animal SPECT system (2005)

We have previously utilized lumpy object models and simulated imaging systems in conjunction with the ideal observer to compute figures of merit for hardware optimization. In this paper, we describe the development of methods and phantoms necessary to validate or experimentally carry out these optimizations. Our study was conducted on a four-camera small-animal SPECT system that employs interchangeable pinhole plates to operate under a variety of pinhole configurations and magnifications (representing optimizable system parameters). We developed a small-animal phantom capable of producing random backgrounds for each image sequence. The task chosen for the study was the detection of a 2mm diameter sphere within the phantom-generated random background. A total of 138 projection images were used, half of which included the signal. As our observer, we employed the channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) with Laguerre-Gauss channels. The signal-to-noise (SNR) of this observer was used to compare different system configurations. Results indicate agreement between experimental and simulated data with higher detectability rates found for multiple-camera, multiple-pinhole, and high-magnification systems, although it was found that mixtures of magnifications often outperform systems employing a single magnification. This work will serve as a basis for future studies pertaining to system hardware optimization.
Feasibility of electromagnetically guided transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure (2016)

TIPS creation with the use of electromagnetic tracking technology proved to be feasible in-vitro as well as in-vivo. The system may be useful to facilitate challenging TIPSS procedures.