gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Operator for Local Energy Measurements to Enhance an Image Signal (2010)

For real-time imaging with digital video cameras and high-quality display with TV systems, the obtained picture quality including visibility of details, local contrast, and absence of artifacts, is very important to ensure user quality acceptance. We present a multi-window real-time high-frequency enhancement scheme, in which gain is a non-linear function of the detail energy. Then we discuss the computation of commonly used local energy measurements and show that a selection of those measurements can be calculated efficiently. In our first contribution, we propose a new local energy measurement APS that can be calculated more efficiently than the existing metrics in a 2-D-separable fashion. In addition, we also show that the new APS measurement gives better performance than standard energy measurements. The second contribution is the use of local contrast and a modified contrast gain formula that can substantially improve the overall algorithm performance, especially when a high-level contrast enhancement is desired. Our algorithm trades off between added contrast and “halo” artifacts, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and an acceptable level of artifacts. The new scheme can be successfully applied to cameras and TV systems to improve their visual quality.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Lasered Riblets on Turbine Exit Guide Vanes and the Impact on the Performance (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0917.vid The reduction of losses in a turbine exit casing (TEC) with lasered Riblet-surfaces is examined. So called Riblets are streamwise grooved surfaces which reduce the viscous drag in turbulent boundary layer. Since lasered Riblets have the advantage of being resistant to higher temperatures, new areas of application such as turbo machines have opened up. The Riblets were designed in a numerical way with a special algorithm. The change of flow due to Riblets is estimated with an unsteady CFD simulation. Based on the numerical design the Riblet-surface was lasered onto the suction side of the turbine exit guide vane (TEGV). Measurements were performed on a TEC with smooth TEGVs and one with riblet-TEGVs. Five-hole probe data shows a reduction in pressure loss of 7.2% in the area of the TEC.
Backside Exposure of Small-Sized TSVs Using Si/Cu Grinding, CMP, Cap Layer Deposition, and Alkaline Etching (2014)

For backside exposure of through-silicon vias (TSVs), we developed a new process using Si/Cu grinding, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), cap layer deposition, and alkaline etching of Si. In this process, Si/Cu grinding without Cu burning or smearing was performed by using a novel grinding wheel (vitrified-bond type), with in situ cleaning of the grinding wheel by a high-pressure micro jet. CMP was then performed to remove grinding scratches generated by Si/Cu grinding. Next, slight Cu contamination in the Si region between TSVs was decreased by cap layer deposition and alkaline etching of Si. The cap layer was Ni-B film formed by electroless plating. We also applied the developed process to backside exposure of 4-μm-diameter TSVs. As a result, TSVs were exposed uniformly without grinding scratches and Cu contamination in Si region between TSVs was suppressed to &amp;lt; 2.7×1010 atoms/cm2.
Guest Editorial Industrial Agents: Concepts, Technologies, and Applications (2021)

The eight papers in this special section focus on the topic of industrial software agents. These papers cover some of the key aspects in the area of software agents and their industrial applicability, which covers technologies, design, development, deployment, maintenance, and experimentation with agent-based systems.
Serum Lipoproteins of Diabetic Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet (1980)

Feeding a diet containing 2% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid (wt/wt) to rats made diabetic by administration of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) produced marked hypercholesterolemia characterized by high concentrations of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and a reduction in concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The VLDL was unique in that it contained apo A-I and apo A-IV in addition to its usual complement of apoproteins: apo B, apo E, and the C apoproteins. IDL had a similar apoprotein composition. The HDL from these rats was deficient in apo E. Nondiabetic rats fed the same diet exhibited similar qualitative changes in lipoprotein concentration and composition but with lesser increases in VLDL and IDL concentrations. The altered apoprotein composition suggested that the hyperlipoproteinemia associated with cholesterol feeding in the rat is due to an inadequate rate of removal of lipoproteins of intestinal origin, and that this is greatly exacerbated by diabetes.
HYBRID MACROCYCLES FOR SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES (2005)

Hybrid macrocycles, which chimerically integrate multiple chemical compositions and architectures, provide an effective way to impart new properties to polymers that are not found in their linear or homocyclic analogues. This dissertation addresses the incorporation of hydrophilic blocks into hydrophobic polymer, as either a poly(dimethyl siloxane)-block-poly(oxyethylene) (PDMS-POE) tadpole with a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail or as a diblock poly(styrene)-block-diethylene glycol (PS-DEG) hydrophobic-hydrophilic macrocycle. The supramolecular association properties of both kinds of cycles were studied: the PDMS-POE tadpoles in forming micelles, and the PS-DEG macrocycles in threading with linear polymer to form polyrotaxanes. \nFor the PDMS-POE macrocycle, linear alpha,omega-dihydroxy PDMS was cyclized under dilute conditions with dichloromethylhydrosilane as a linking group to produce hydrosilane-functionalized cyclic PDMS. This was joined to alpha-methoxy,omega-allyl POE via a free radical hydrosilylation reaction to produce the hybrid tadpole macrocycle, which was analyzed by GPC, DSC, and 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Supramolecular aggregation consisting of the formation of micelles under both polar and nonpolar conditions was studied by surface tensiometry and quasielastic light scattering. For the PS-DEG macrocycle, linear alpha,omega-dihydroxy PS was prepared by ATRP polymerization of styrene, followed by reaction with KOH to give hydroxyl endgroups. The linear PS was then cyclized under dilute conditions with diethylene glycol ditosylate, and the product was analyzed by GPC, MALDI-TOF MS, DSC, and 1H, 13C and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The macrocycle was then statistically threaded with linear PS to give the supramolecular structure poly(styrene)-rotaxa-cyclo[poly(styrene)-block-diethylene glycol]. Characterization was performed with DOSY NMR to verify that the product was threaded, and 1H NMR was collected to determine that the product was 13% macrocycle by weight. DSC showed only one Tg, indicating that the linear and cyclic species were present in the same phase.
Phase determination from image intensity measurements in bright-field optics (1974)

The use of complementary semicircular or half-plane apertures in the objective lens back focal plane of an optical system to determine from image intensity measurements the complex image wavefunction is discussed. This method for the solution of the phase problem in optics is restricted to bright-field optics, where the primary wave is allowed to interfere with the scattered wave. It is shown that in this modified bright-field situation, using semicircular (half-plane) apertures rather than the normal circular objective aperture, it is possible to determine for complementary positions of the apertures a Hilbert relation between the real and imaginary parts of the image wavefunction. The initial estimate for the complex wavefunction may be systematically corrected for nonlinear effects occurring in the equations for the image intensity.
Probabilistic extraction and discovery of fundamental units in dolphin whistles (2014)

The study of dolphin cognition involves intensive research of animal vocalizations. Marine mammalogists commonly study a specific sound type known as the whistle found in dolphin communication. However, one of the main problems arises from noisy underwater environments. Often waves and splash noises will partially distort the whistle making analysis or extraction difficult. Another problem is discovering fundamental units that allow research of the composition of whistles. We propose a method for whistle extraction from noisy underwater recordings using a probabilistic approach. Furthermore, we investigate discovery algorithms for fundamental units using a mixture of hidden Markov models. We evaluate our findings with a marine mammalogist on data collected in the field. Furthermore, we have evidence that our algorithms enable researchers to form hypotheses about the composition of whistles.
Front Cover Image (2021)

Indoor photovoltaics have attracted considerable attention due to their great potential for powering low‐power electronics and photonic devices under ambient light. Bo Hou, Gehan A. J. Amaratunga and co‐authors (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12180 ) provide an overview and prospect of the recent advances in various indoor photovoltaics. image
<title>Robust motion vector prediction algorithms with application to very low bit rate image sequence coding</title> (1993)

In this paper a new motion compensated (MC) predictive coding method for image sequences at very low bit rates is presented. This method utilizes a prediction of the displacement vector field (DVF) in order to produce an MC prediction error which is coded and transmitted. Assuming that the two previous frames are available both at the transmitter and the receiver the DVF corresponding to the previous frame is estimated. Then, based on this estimate a temporal prediction of the DVF at the current frame is obtained. Using the assumption that the motion is constant along its trajectory, an auto-regressive (AR) model based method for performing such a prediction is proposed. According to the proposed scheme there is no need to transmit the DVF. Since the transmission of the DVF represents a sizeable overhead in very low bit rate coding of video signals, this method constitutes a major contribution to bit rate reduction and quality improvement. Using the predicted DVF, the MC prediction error is obtained, which is then transform and entropy coded. The proposed algorithm is experimentally tested on standard video-conferencing image sequences and compared to previously reported methods which transmit the motion vectors. Significantly improved results are obtained compared to the methods that transmit the motion vectors in terms of reduced bit- rate and improved quality of the reconstructed image sequence.
Directed assembly for carbon nanotube device fabrication (2006)

Chemically and biochemically-directed assembly of nanotubes (NT) for electronics is reviewed. Examples of new field-effect devices prepared this way either for high frequency (40GHz) operation or for applications to an optoelectronics multilevel memory are presented. A route towards (bio)molecular interconnects for NTs is outlined
Essential role of ICAM-1 in mediating monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelial cells (2001)

Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of vascular diseases that target arterial and aortic endothelium, including atherosclerosis. Many different adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, are thought to mediate monocyte binding to endothelial cells during the development of these diseases. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the specific role of ICAM-1 in these events. In this study, we used a genetic approach to determine the contribution of ICAM-1 in mediating monocyte adhesion to mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) derived from both wild-type and ICAM-1(-/-) mice. Treatment of wild-type MAEC with oxidized low-density lipoprotein significantly induced both WEHI 274.1 and whole blood monocyte adhesion, whereas similarly treated ICAM-1(-/-) MAEC showed a complete inhibition of monocyte binding. Dose-response treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha also increased monocyte adhesion to wild-type MAEC, but significant adhesion was only observed at higher doses for ICAM-1(-/-) MAEC. These data demonstrate a crucial role for ICAM-1-mediated monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in response to specific stimuli involved in inflammatory vascular diseases.
1393 The Impact of Using A Virtual Reality Surgical Curriculum to Train Scrub Practitioners in Complex Orthopaedic Surgery (2021)

Abstract Background The training scrub practitioners receive varies considerably in comparison to their surgical counterpart, although their performance is key to a proficient surgical team. For infrequent procedures that require specific and often intricate equipment such as revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA), their training may be limited to an initial guidance session by company representatives. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using a virtual reality (VR) curriculum to train scrub practitioners in the performance of a RTKA. Method Ten orthopaedic scrub practitioners were enrolled into VR training across four sessions. Each VR session consisted of training where participants were guided through the assembly of equipment and steps of the surgery. In the concluding three sessions, each training session was supplemented by an assessment session in VR without guidance. The outcomes measured in VR assessment were incorrect procedural sequence, duration of surgery and efficiency of movement. The transfer of skills outside VR were assessed pre-training and post-training by the participants performance in a sequence of tasks using real equipment. Results All participants enhanced their surgical performance in successive assessed VR sessions reducing their operative time by 47%, assistive prompts by 75% and dominant hand motion by 28%. Improvements in VR showed effective transfer when assessed using real equipment with participants achieving superior scores post-training (11.3% versus 83.5%). Conclusions VR enables safe learning and provides measurable feedback of procedural steps and technical skills of complex orthopaedic surgery. VR is an effective training tool for scrub practitioners, with transfer to the real world.
3D Multilevel Non-Uniform Grid Algorithm for Fast Field Evaluation (2006)

The analysis of large scattering problems is often performed using iterative method-of-moments (MoM) solvers. The main computational bottleneck of such iterative solvers stems from the need to perform at each iteration at least one matrix-vector product, which is equivalent to field evaluation for a given source distribution. The O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) complexity and memory needs of direct matrix-vector multiplication (N being the number of unknowns), underscores the need for fast field evaluation techniques. The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) achieves an O(NlogN) complexity for dynamic frequency domain problems. Also, the recently introduced non-uniform grid (NG) algorithm promises to achieve a similar asymptotic complexity and storage requirements while allowing analysis time-domain problems as well as virtually seamless transition from dynamic to quasi-static regime. In comparison with the MLFMA, the implementation of the NG is straightforward. This paper presents a 3D dynamic scalar field evaluation performed at O(NlogN) operations using a multilevel NG (MLNG) algorithm. The scalar case allows us to explore the main features of the MLNG while somewhat simplifying the formulation
Forced Vibration Measurements of a One-Family House in Monthey, Switzerland (2006)

Note: Paper ID 1940CD ROM Reference IMAC-CONF-2006-048 Record created on 2007-08-14, modified on 2016-08-08
Effect of electron cyclotron resonance H/sup +/, Ne/sup +/, Ar/sup +/, and Xe/sup +/ plasma precleaning on titanium silicide formation (1994)

A vacuum integrated cluster tool process incorporating electron cyclotron resonance plasma cleaning, Ti sputter deposition, and rapid thermal annealing in N/sub 2/ is used to form a TiN/sub x<1//TiSi/sub y/ bilayer on (100) Si where the film composition is controlled by the preclean chemistry. Chemical cleaning with nominal 10 eV H/sup +/ completely removes native Si oxide resulting in a hydrogen terminated surface that promotes silicidation compared to one cleaned with buffered-oxide-etching (BOE). If the native oxide is only partially reduced, viz., SiO/sub x<2/ surface, for example by shortening the H/sup +/ exposure time, then silicidation is largely inhibited and a thicker nitride layer is formed. Sputter cleaning with 50 to 250 eV Ar/sup +/ results in a bilayer that is roughly equivalent to that formed with BOE, whereas 50 to 150 eV Xe/sup +/ bombardment favors nitridation. Precleaning with >150 eV Ne/sup +/ promotes silicidation, thereby minimizing nitride thickness. The effects of precleaning are significant as the activation energy for TiSi/sub y/ formation is reduced from 1.8 eV characteristic of a BOE cleaned surface to 1.2 eV on Si etched with 250 eV Ne/sup +/. Mechanistically, the silicide kinetics are shown to be inhibited by the presence of a thin amorphous layer that is formed only when cleaning Si with Ar/sup +/ and Xe/sup +/ with the effect that both knock-on oxygen atoms and implanted noble gas atoms trapped within the amorphous layer retard the requisite solid-phase epitaxial regrowth kinetics. Recrystallizing the amorphous Si surface prior to metallization appears to restore the near-normal silicide kinetics that is characteristic of Ne/sup +/ cleaning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genetic Selection for Balanced Retroviral Splicing: Novel Regulation Involving the Second Step Can Be Mediated by Transitions in the Polypyrimidine Tract (1995)

Incomplete splicing is essential for retroviral replication; and in simple retroviruses, splicing regulation appears to occur entirely in cis. Our previous studies, using avian sarcoma virus, indicated that weak splicing signals allow transcripts to escape the splicing pathway. We also isolated a series of avian sarcoma virus mutants in which env mRNA splicing was regulated by mechanisms distinct from those of the wild-type virus. In vitro splicing experiments with one such mutant (insertion suppressor 1 [IS1]) revealed that exon 1 and lariat-exon 2 intermediates were produced (step 1) but the exons were not efficiently ligated (step 2). In this work, we have studied the mechanism of this second-step block as well as its biological relevance. Our results show that the second-step block can be overcome by extending the polypyrimidine tract, and this causes an oversplicing defect in vivo. The requirement for regulated splicing was exploited to isolate new suppressor mutations that restored viral growth by down-regulating splicing. One suppressor consisted of a single U-to-C transition in the polypyrimidine tract; a second included this same change as well as an additional U-to-C transition within a uridine stretch in the polypyrimidine tract. These suppressor mutations affected primarily the second step of splicing in vitro. These results support a specific role for the polypyrimidine tract in the second step of splicing and confirm that, in a biological system, uridines and cytosines are not functionally equivalent within the polypyrimidine tract. Unlike the wild-type virus, the second-step mutants displayed significant levels of lariat-exon 2 in vivo, suggesting a role for splicing intermediates in regulation. Our results indicate that splicing regulation can involve wither the first or second step.
A Model of Glucose Production During a Meal (2006)

The efficiency of glucose and insulin control on glucose production (EGP) plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and its derangement in diabetes. Therefore the ability to accurately quantify indices of the individual role of glucose (GE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> ) and insulin (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> ) in the suppression of EGP would allow to improve the understanding of liver metabolism. Measuring these indices by minimal modelling of tracer labelled and unlabelled glucose data is often unreliable, possibly due to an inadequate description of EGP included in the minimal model (EGP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MM</sup> ). Moreover a validation of EGP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MM</sup> on EGP data has never been done. Here EGP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MM </sup> and alternative EGP descriptions were tested on recent model-independent EGP data of 20 subjects obtained with a triple-tracer meal protocol. Model performances were compared in terms of data fit and physiological plausibility. EGP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MM</sup> was not able to describe EGP data, while one of the new model showed a good fit and provided accurate and precise estimates of hepatic sensitivity indices: GE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L </sup> =0.013plusmn0.001 dl/kg/min; S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> =5.71plusmn0.48 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> dl/kg/min per muU/ml (36% and 41%, respectively, of total sensitivity indices GE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TOT</sup> and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TOT</sup> ). This novel approach will allow to enhance our understanding of the role of the liver in pathophysiological states
Modulation and Coding Classification for Adaptive Power Control in 5G Cognitive Communications (2014)

A key concept suggested for 5G networks is spectrum sharing within the context of Cognitive Communications (CC). This efficient spectrum usage has been explored intensively the last years. In this paper, a mechanism is proposed to allow a cognitive user, also called Secondary User (SU), to access the frequency band of a Primary User (PU) operating based on an Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) protocol. The Spectrum Sensing (SS) technique used considers Higher Order Statistical (HOS) features of the signal and log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the code syndromes in order to constantly monitor the modulation and coding scheme (MODCOD) of the PU respectively. Once the Modulation and Coding Classification (MCC) is completed, a Power Control (PC) scheme is enabled. The SU can attempt to access the frequency band of the PU and increase its transmitting power until it causes a change of the PU's transmission scheme due to interference. When the SU detects the change of the PU's MODCOD, then it reduces its transmitting power to a lower level so as to regulate the induced interference. The proposed blind Adaptive Power Control (APC) algorithm converges without any interference channel information to the aforementioned interference limit and guarantees the preservation of the PU link throughput.