gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The genetic architecture of a host shift: An adaptive walk protected an aphid and its endosymbiont from plant chemical defenses (2020)

Host shifts can lead to ecological speciation and the emergence of new pests and pathogens. However, the mutational events that facilitate the exploitation of novel hosts are poorly understood. Here, we characterize an adaptive walk underpinning the host shift of the aphid <i>Myzus persicae</i> to tobacco, including evolution of mechanisms that overcame tobacco chemical defenses. A series of mutational events added as many as 1.5 million nucleotides to the genome of the tobacco-adapted subspecies, <i>M. p. nicotianae</i>, and yielded profound increases in expression of an enzyme that efficiently detoxifies nicotine, both in aphid gut tissue and in the bacteriocytes housing the obligate aphid symbiont <i>Buchnera aphidicola</i>. This dual evolutionary solution overcame the challenge of preserving fitness of a mutualistic symbiosis during adaptation to a toxic novel host. Our results reveal the intricate processes by which genetic novelty can arise and drive the evolution of key innovations required for ecological adaptation.
Data-Driven Electrode Parameter Identification for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Through Experimental and Numerical Methods (2020)

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a promising energy storage technology for stationary applications (e.g., renewables integration) that offers a pathway to cost-effectiveness through independent scaling of power and energy as well as longevity. Many current research efforts are focused on improving battery performance through electrode modifications, but high-throughput, laboratory-scale testing can be time- and material-intensive. Advances in multiphysics-based numerical modeling and data-driven parameter identification afford a computational platform to expand the design space by rapidly screening a diverse array of electrode configurations. Herein, a 3D VRFB model is first developed and validated against experimental results. Subsequently, a new 2D model is composed, yielding a computationally-light simulation framework, which is used to span bounded values of the electrode thickness, porosity, volumetric specific surface area, fiber diameter, and kinetic rate constant across six cell polarization voltages. This generates a dataset of 7350 electrode property combinations for each cell voltage, which is used to evaluate the effect of these structural properties on the pressure drop and current density. These structure-performance relationships are further quantified using Kendall $\tau$ rank correlation coefficients to highlight the dependence of cell performance on bulk electrode morphology and to identify improved property sets. This statistical framework may serve as a general guideline for parameter identification for more advanced electrode designs and redox flow battery (RFB) stacks.
Sessions, User Plane, and QoS Management (2019)

This chapter defines the data connectivity provided by the Fifth Generation System (5GS) (Protocol Data Unit [PDU] Sessions, PDU Session continuity modes, traffic offloading, etc.). It then describes 5GS Quality of Service (QoS) framework (QoS Flows, parameters of the 5GS QoS, Reflective QoS, etc.). Finally, it gives an overview of session management including an overview on how applications can influence traffic routing and policy control for PDU Sessions.
High‐throughput sorting of nanoliter droplets enabled by a sequentially addressable dielectrophoretic array (2021)

Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool for a diverse range of biomedical and industrial applications such as single-cell analysis, directed evolution, and metabolic engineering. In these applications, droplet sorting has been effective for isolating small droplets encapsulating molecules, cells, or crystals of interest. Recently, there is an increased interest in extending the applicability of droplet sorting to larger droplets to utilize their size advantage. However, sorting throughputs of large droplets have been limited, hampering their wide adoption. Here, we report our demonstration of high-throughput fluorescence-activated droplet sorting of 1 nL droplets using an upgraded version of the sequentially addressable dielectrophoretic array (SADA), which we reported previously. The SADA is an array of electrodes that are individually and sequentially activated/deactivated according to the speed and position of a droplet passing nearby the array. We upgraded the SADA by increasing the number of driving electrodes constituting the SADA and incorporating a slanted microchannel. By using a ten-electrode SADA with the slanted microchannel, we achieved fluorescence-activated droplet sorting of 1 nL droplets at a record high throughput of 1752 droplets/s, twice as high as the previously reported maximum sorting throughput of 1 nL droplets.
An Approach for Structural-Acoustic Optimization of Ribbed Panels Using Component Mode Synthesis (2012)

Component mode synthesis (CMS) is an approach used to couple dynamics of complex structures using modes of individual components. A CMS approach is developed to determine the response of a ribbed panel based on the individual rib and plate modes. The CMS method allows for rapid evaluation of noise-control designs as component modes need to be solved only once. Since efficient evaluation is required for global design optimization procedures, the CMS approach can be well suited in optimization problems. A simple structural-acoustic optimization problem was created to demonstrate the utility of the formulation by finding the optimal rib location and material to reduce sound radiation for a point-driven plate. Several parameters of the optimization algorithm are varied to test convergence speed and accuracy.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Pathological Radar Clutter Clustering: the P-Mean-Shift Algorithm (2019)

This paper deals with unsupervised radar clutter clustering to characterize pathological clutter based on their Doppler fluctuations. Operationally, being able to recognize pathological clutter environments may help to tune radar parameters to regulate the false alarm rate. This request will be more important for new generation radars that will be more mobile and should process data on the move. We first introduce the radar data structure and explain how it can be coded by Toeplitz covariance matrices. We then introduce the manifold of Toeplitz co-variance matrices and the associated metric coming from information geometry. We have adapted the classical k-means algorithm to the Riemaniann manifold of Toeplitz covariance matrices in [1], [2]; the mean-shift algorithm is presented in [3], [4]. We present here a new clustering algorithm based on the p-mean definition in a Riemannian manifold and the mean-shift algorithm.
Foot and ankle joint movements inside orthoses for children with spastic CP (2013)

We compared the ankle joint and foot segment kinematics of pediatric cerebral palsy (CP) participants walking with and without orthoses. A six segment foot model (6SF) was used to track foot motion. Holes were cut in the study orthoses so that electromagnetic markers could be directly placed on the skin. The Hinged Ankle Foot Orthoses (HAFO) allowed a significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion as compared to the barefoot condition during gait, but significantly constrained sagittal forefoot motion and forefoot sagittal range of motion (ROM) (p < 0.01), which may be detrimental. The Solid Ankle Foot Orthoses (SAFO) constrained forefoot ROM as compared to barefoot gait (p < 0.01). The 6SF model did not confirm that the SAFO can control excessive plantarflexion for those with severe plantarflexor spasticity. The supramalleolar orthosis (SMO) significantly (p < 0.01) constrained forefoot ROM as compared to barefoot gait at the beginning and end of the stance phase, which could be detrimental. The SMO had no effects observed in the coronal plane.
A Room Temperature Flip-Chip Technology for High Pixel Count Micro-Displays and Imaging Arrays (2016)

This paper highlights the limits that may be encountered when thermally assembling large chips having substantial mismatches of their thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). First, a theory is proposed that shows the size limitation of "emitting" or "imaging" flip-chipped devices depends on DCTE and is independent of the pixel's pitch. Secondly, a room-temperature flip-chip technique is presented that overrides these limitations: it involves an insertion of Gold capped micro-tubes inside soft Indium pads. It proves to be efficient for very high pin count assemblies at very fine pitches. The technique shows remarkably good interconnection yields on an exploratory test bed with 4 million pixels. The chips design, fabrication, assembly process, reliability process are detailed. The electrical results after flip-chip and their evolution during a standard reliability stress sequence are also analyzed. Finally, optical devices stacked on their silicon driving (CMOS) circuit at a 10 μm connection pitch are presented: Large LEDCMOS emitting array. Large IRCMOS detecting array.
The Return of the Exiles: Australia's Repatriation of the Indonesians, 1945-47 (2003)

Over the course of their war for independence from the Dutch, thousands of Indonesians ended up in Australia for various reasons. This text describes the process of repatriation of some 2,800 Indonesians, who were turned over to the new Republic rather than to the Dutch despite Australia's formal re
ICs for 100-Gb/s serial operation (2009)

Recently, research activities in the field of 100 Gb/s integrated circuits (ICs) for communication systems have increased. This article discusses an overview of the building blocks of a hypothetical 100-Gb/s serial transmission system and points out some important aspects of such building blocks. Several key building blocks for a 100-Gb/s serial transceivers are also demonstrated. Some pioneering 100-Gb/s ICs designed through various enabling semiconductor technologies are presented as well.
Hands-free human-robot communication robust to speaker's radial position (2013)

In this paper we present a method in room transfer function (RTF) estimation, employed specifically for dereverberation in hands-free human-robot communication.We introduce a radial distance compensation scheme which significantly improved the RTF estimate robust to the speech power variation due to changes in speaker's radial position. The proposed method is implemented in two levels; first, waveform-level compensation is executed to reflect the change in power caused by the change of radial position to the RTF. We generated possible RTF estimates within a close neighbourhood based on curve fitting. Then, we select among these estimates the optimal RTF based on acoustic model likelihood criterion, the same criterion employed in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. The latter is referred to as acoustic model-level compensation, which links the generated RTF to the ASR. We note that in ASR application, both waveform and acoustic models play an important role in achieving optimal performance. Thus, the synergistic effect of the two processes guarantee ASR performance improvement when used in conjunction with our ASR-based dereverberation scheme. Experimental evaluation show robustness in recognition performance when used in hands-free human-robot communication environment.
X-linked Dominant ALS (1998)

“Late Breaking News” (formerly “Works in Progress”) is a feature of the Scientific Program of the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting. It focuses on current ongoing neuroscience research. Late Breaking News posters are selected on the basis of scientific merit, timeliness, and anticipated interest to the membership. Key aspects of the research had to have been conducted after November 7, 1997, and had to have been currently in progress. The posters were displayed …
Ethylene polymerization using iron(II)bis(imino) pyridyl and nickel (diimine) catalysts: effect of cocatalysts and reaction parameters (2000)

Ethylene polymerization using iron(II)bis(imino)pyridyl and Ni(diimine) catalysts was studied. The effect of the experimental parameters such as the nature of alkylaluminums, Al/M ratio and the temperature on the kinetics of polymerization, catalyst activity, molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of the polymers were explored. Whereas MAO and TMA gave broad molecular weight distributions, TIBAL and TIBDAO were found to produce narrow molecular weight distributions. DEAC is a non-activator for the Fe catalyst, but it is an effective cocatalyst for the Ni catalyst.
Behavior of a chemically doped graphene junction (2009)

Polyethylene imine and diazonium salts are used as complementary molecular dopants to engineer a doping profile in a graphene transistor. Electronic transport in this device reveals the presence of two distinct resistance maxima, alluding to neutrality point separation and subsequent formation of a spatially abrupt junction. Carrier mobility in this device is not significantly affected by molecular doping or junction formation, and carrier transmission is found to scale inversely with the effective channel length of the device. Chemical dilutions are used to modify the dopant concentration and, in effect, alter the properties of the junction.
Application of EQ3/6 to modeling of nuclear waste glass behavior in a tuff repository (1986)

Modeling of glass degradation based on sound geochemical principles appears to be possible with revisions to EQ3/6. Realistic source terms for several repository scenarios may be generated with such a model. One scenario which appears very likely and which is also amenable to modeling using EQ3/6 is that in which an intact but perforated canister holds water in contact with waste glass. The water overflows continuously or periodically, allowing radionuclides to come in contact with repository rock. This isolated-type scenario will be the first realistic modeling effort because it limits complex interactions between rock and glass. However, EQ3/6 modeling should be possible even for very complicated scenarios if sufficient experimental data are available on rates and thermodynamics. This will be the limiting factor in progress toward modeling the complete system.
Diaphragm Durability Enhancement for Valves Supplying Gas for Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

Semiconductor devices are manufactured from Silicon wafers via diverse processes and application-specific equipment that requires supply of various gases. The gas supply system consists of pressure regulators, pressure gauges, filters, flow controllers, valves, fittings etc. The valves in this system are important parts for controlling and stopping the flow of gases. A wide variety of valves are used throughout the industrial world, but those used for semiconductor manufacturing require special features such as external leak-free, particle-free and dead space-free, because the extremely fine patterns formed on the high grade wafers are made with ultrapure process gases. In addition to these features, the valves must be durable enough to operate several tens of millions of cycles because of faster processing requirements with ALD applications. This research work was done to develop a highly durable diaphragm valve and to verify its durability performance via stress analysis.
Anti-pollution Effects of Self-assembled Fibers Prepared from a Palmitoyl-glycine-histidine Amphiphile (2021)

Today, people are exposed to a wide variety of different airborne pollutants such as PM2.5 and pollen. It is expected that novel materials will be developed to avoid their adhesion. The roughness at the interface is very important for the adhesion between such pollutants and a substrate. In this study, we have focused on self-assembling fibers formed from an amphiphilic peptide, palmitoyl-glycine-histidine (Pal-GH). The self-assembled fibers of Pal-GH formed a rough membrane and showed very effective anti-pollution effects against pollen and PM2.5. An amphiphilic peptide molecule, Palmitoyl-glycine-histidine (Pal-GH), forms self-assembled nanofibers. From the AFM, the nanofiber membrane compoesed of Pal-GH had nanometer roughness. The self-assembled Pal-GH fiber menbrane was found to exhibit very effective anti-pollution effects against cedar pollen and PM2.5. Threofore, the self-assembled Pal-GH fiber would be useful as a functional coating material to protect adhesion of pollutants.
Mechanical and structural consequences of associative dynamic cross-linking in acrylic diblock copolymers (2021)

The composition of low-Tg n-butylacrylate-block-(acetoxyaceto)ethyl acrylate block polymers is investigated as a strategy to tune the properties of dynamically cross-linked vinylogous urethane vitrimers. As the proportion of the cross-linkable block is increased, the thermorheological properties, structure, and stress relaxation evolve in ways that cannot be explained by increasing cross-link density alone. Evidence is presented that network connectivity defects such as loops and dangling ends are increased by microphase separation. The thermomechanical and viscoelastic properties of block copolymer-derived vitrimers arise from the subtle interplay of microphase separation and network defects.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase Inhibitors for Treating Cancer (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long lasting phosphorescence and photostimulated luminescence in Tb-ion-activated reduced calcium aluminate glasses (1999)

Long lasting phosphorescence (LLP) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) were found in reduced calcium aluminate glasses activated with Tb3+ ions. The LLP from Tb3+ was observed by illuminating the Tb3+ 4f→5d charge transfer band with ultraviolet (UV) 254 nm light, while the PSL was seen by stimulating the UV-illuminated glasses with 633 nm light. The decay curve of the LLP was fitted with a second-order kinetic for the initial period (0&amp;lt;t&amp;lt;20 min) and a first-order kinetic for the later (t&amp;gt;30 min). An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal, which is attributed to an F+-like center associated with Ca2+ ions, was induced by illumination with UV light and its intensity decay was fitted with a first-order kinetic similarly to the later stage of the LLP. The appearance of the PSL by illumination is accompanied by a distinct intensity reduction of the EPR signal due to the F+-like center. The thermoluminescence spectra of the specimen illuminated with UV light at 77 K consist of two components peaking at ∼240 and ∼390 K. The low temperature component and the high temperature component were attributed to an F-like center and an F+-like center, respectively. These results lead to a conclusion that electrons of the F-like center and the F+-like center contribute predominantly to the emergence of the LLP and the PSL, respectively.
Rational Peptide Selection To Detect Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific T-Cell Responses under Resource-Limited Conditions (2007)

Understanding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses is important for the development of vaccines and therapies. We describe a novel method for the rational selection of peptides that target stable regions of the HIV-1 genome, rich in epitopes specifically recognized by the study population. This method will be of particular use under resource/sample-limited conditions.
Toward Overcoming Staphylococcus aureus Aminoglycoside Resistance Mechanisms with a Functionally Designed Neomycin Analogue (2011)

Deoxygenation of the diol groups in rings A and D of neomycin in combination with the introduction of an N1-(l)-HABA group in the 2-deoxystreptamine subunit (ring B) leads to a novel and potent antibiotic (1) with activity against strains of S. aureus carrying known aminoglycoside resistance determinants, as well as against an extended panel of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (n = 50). Antibiotic 1 displayed >64 fold improvement in MIC50 and MIC90 against this MRSA collection when compared to the clinically relevant aminoglycosides amikacin and gentamicin. The synthesis was achieved in six steps and 15% overall yield.
Few-Shot Learning with Intra-Class Knowledge Transfer (2020)

We consider the few-shot classification task with an unbalanced dataset, in which some classes have sufficient training samples while other classes only have limited training samples. Recent works have proposed to solve this task by augmenting the training data of the few-shot classes using generative models with the few-shot training samples as the seeds. However, due to the limited number of the few-shot seeds, the generated samples usually have small diversity, making it difficult to train a discriminative classifier for the few-shot classes. To enrich the diversity of the generated samples, we propose to leverage the intra-class knowledge from the neighbor many-shot classes with the intuition that neighbor classes share similar statistical information. Such intra-class information is obtained with a two-step mechanism. First, a regressor trained only on the many-shot classes is used to evaluate the few-shot class means from only a few samples. Second, superclasses are clustered, and the statistical mean and feature variance of each superclass are used as transferable knowledge inherited by the children few-shot classes. Such knowledge is then used by a generator to augment the sparse training data to help the downstream classification tasks. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art across different datasets and $n$-shot settings.
Sequential metric dimension for random graphs (2021)

Abstract In the localization game on a graph, the goal is to find a fixed but unknown target node $v^\star$ with the least number of distance queries possible. In the j th step of the game, the player queries a single node $v_j$ and receives, as an answer to their query, the distance between the nodes $v_j$ and $v^\star$ . The sequential metric dimension (SMD) is the minimal number of queries that the player needs to guess the target with absolute certainty, no matter where the target is. The term SMD originates from the related notion of metric dimension (MD), which can be defined the same way as the SMD except that the player’s queries are non-adaptive. In this work we extend the results of Bollobás, Mitsche, and Prałat [4] on the MD of Erdős–Rényi graphs to the SMD. We find that, in connected Erdős–Rényi graphs, the MD and the SMD are a constant factor apart. For the lower bound we present a clean analysis by combining tools developed for the MD and a novel coupling argument. For the upper bound we show that a strategy that greedily minimizes the number of candidate targets in each step uses asymptotically optimal queries in Erdős–Rényi graphs. Connections with source localization, binary search on graphs, and the birthday problem are discussed.