gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implicit-PDF: Non-Parametric Representation of Probability Distributions on the Rotation Manifold (2021)

Single image pose estimation is a fundamental problem in many vision and robotics tasks, and existing deep learning approaches suffer by not completely modeling and handling: i) uncertainty about the predictions, and ii) symmetric objects with multiple (sometimes infinite) correct poses. To this end, we introduce a method to estimate arbitrary, non-parametric distributions on SO(3). Our key idea is to represent the distributions implicitly, with a neural network that estimates the probability given the input image and a candidate pose. Grid sampling or gradient ascent can be used to find the most likely pose, but it is also possible to evaluate the probability at any pose, enabling reasoning about symmetries and uncertainty. This is the most general way of representing distributions on manifolds, and to showcase the rich expressive power, we introduce a dataset of challenging symmetric and nearly-symmetric objects. We require no supervision on pose uncertainty -- the model trains only with a single pose per example. Nonetheless, our implicit model is highly expressive to handle complex distributions over 3D poses, while still obtaining accurate pose estimation on standard non-ambiguous environments, achieving state-of-the-art performance on Pascal3D+ and ModelNet10-SO(3) benchmarks.
Front Matter: Volume 10867 (2019)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10867 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Precise Chemical Synthesis of Human Glycoproteins (2016)

Abstract Review: 52 refs.
A high flux organic solvent nanofiltration membrane from Kevlar aramid nanofibers with in situ incorporation of microspheres (2018)

Fabrication of a high flux organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane from aramid nanofibers (ANFs) with <italic>in situ</italic> incorporation of ANF/polyethyleneimine (PEI) microspheres.
Isomerization of conjugated dienes via photolysis of metal carbonyl-diene complexes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomerization of conjugated dienes via photolysis of metal carbonyl-diene complexesMark Wrighton, George S. Hammond, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 20, 6068–6070Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00723a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00723a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure 1 from Milatuzumab-Conjugated Liposomes as Targeted Dexamethasone Carriers for Therapeutic Delivery in CD74<sup>+</sup> B-cell Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 60K, Serum cholesterol levels from mice treated with DEX and L-DEX&lt;/p&gt;
A Novel Ground Fault Detection Method for Electric Vehicle Powertrains Based on a Grounding Resistor Voltage Analysis (2020)

The growing adoption of electric vehicles has recently attracted increasing attention of scientists and brought about pioneering research studies from various fields. Safety concerns particularly those regarding ground faults detection and protection, have extensively been addressed. Ground faults occur quite frequently in electric vehicles and they may be due to severe operation conditions, such as vibrations, twists or even crashes. Generally, the first ground fault is not dangerous, since the powertrain systems, namely, the dc bus where the batteries are connected, the power inverter and one or more ac machines, are generally ungrounded. The second ground fault, however, can produce malfunction in some systems, power loss or even serious damages. Locating the fault has often proved hard and time consuming. For this reason, the present study focuses on developing a ground-fault detection method for electric vehicles capable of determining on which side, the dc or the ac, the ground fault is located. The method is based on the analysis of the voltage in a grounding resistor connected between the midpoint of the battery pack and ground. Based on the polarity and harmonics, it is possible to locate the ground fault. This method has been verified excellent results have been achieved using computer simulations and experimental tests in a 140-kW electronic power inverter fed by a 480 Vdc battery.
Thiazolidinediones in diabetes: current status and future outlook. (2003)

Thiazolidinediones have recently emerged as promising antidiabetic drugs. Unlike other oral antidiabetic drugs, thiazolidinediones function to ameliorate insulin resistance, a primary factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Thiazolidinediones are ligands of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and their antidiabetic effects appear to be mediated by activation of this receptor. The two currently marketed thiazolidinediones, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, display similar efficacies in their glucose lowering activities, but interestingly display slightly different clinical and side effect profiles. Understanding the molecular basis for these differences will help in the development of next generation thiazolidinediones that are more efficacious and safer for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
A 9-channel low-power receiver ASIC for 3D transesophageal echocardiography (2012)

This paper presents a 9-channel low-power receiver ASIC dedicated to a matrix piezoelectric ultrasound transducer for 3D Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography (TEE). It consists of 9 low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), 9 time-gain-compensation (TGC) amplifiers and a 9:1 micro-beamformer. A prototype ASIC has been implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS technology, with a core area of 0.98 mm × 1.7 mm. It is operated at a 3.3 V supply and consumes only 0.5 mW per channel. The measured channel-to-channel mismatch is within ±1 dB. Acoustic measurements proved the micro-beamforming function of the ASIC when processing real ultrasound signals from a 3 × 3 transducer array. These promising results show that this design, after layout optimization, is suitable to be scaled up to accommodate a full matrix transducer.
TNFα converting enzyme (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediates inflammatory and apoptotic processes by binding to two different receptors and thereby initiating complex signaling transduction pathways [1]. While TNFa has been studied since the earlier part of this century, the purification and cloning of this protein in 1985 [2 – 5] precipitated a decade of intensive research. These efforts demonstrated the cross-disciplinary significance of this molecule and gave insight into the signaling pathways that initiated TNFα transcription, the unique control of its translation and the TNF receptors that bind the secreted, 17 kDa molecule. These receptors reside on cells of nearly every tissue and, in turn, transduce the signals that result in changes in cell behavior.
Rapid Elimination of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates with Treatment Failure in the Acute Phase of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2019)

Early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) treatment during the acute period of infection can significantly limit the seeding of viral reservoirs and modify the course of disease. However, while a number of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy as prophylaxis in macaques chronically infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), intriguingly, their inhibitory effects were largely attenuated in the acute period of SHIV infection. To investigate the mechanism for the disparate performance of bnAbs in different periods of SHIV infection, we used LSEVh-LS-F, a bispecific bnAb targeting the CD4 binding site and CD4-induced epitopes, as a representative bnAb and assessed its potential therapeutic benefit in controlling virus replication in acutely or chronically SHIV-infected macaques. We found that a single infusion of LSEVh-LS-F resulted in rapid decline of plasma viral loads to undetectable levels without emergence of viral resistance in the chronically infected macaques. In contrast, the inhibitory effect was robust but transient in the acutely infected macaques, despite the fact that all macaques had comparable plasma viral loads initially. Infusing multiple doses of LSEVh-LS-F did not extend its inhibitory duration. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of the infused LSEVh-LS-F in the acutely SHIV-infected macaques significantly differed from that in the uninfected or chronically infected macaques. Host SHIV-specific immune responses may play a role in the viremia-dependent pharmacokinetics. Our results highlight the correlation between the fast clearance of infused bnAbs and the treatment failure in the acute period of SHIV infection and may have important implications for the therapeutic use of bnAbs to treat acute HIV infections.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Currently, there is no bnAb-based monotherapy that has been reported to clear the virus in the acute SHIV infection period. Since early HIV treatment is considered critical to restricting the establishment of viral reservoirs, investigation into the mechanism for treatment failure in acutely infected macaques would be important for the therapeutic use of bnAbs and eventually towards the functional cure of HIV/AIDS. Here we report the comparative study of the therapeutic efficacy of a bnAb in acutely and chronically SHIV-infected macaques. This study revealed the correlation between the fast clearance of infused bnAbs and treatment failure during the acute period of infection.
Plasma Decontamination Of Depleted Uranium Oxide From Stainless Steel Surfacesa (1999)

ABSTRACT: A series of single effect, RF plasma, glow discharge experiments were conducted using NF 3 gas to decontaminate depleted uranium dioxide from stainless‐steel substrates. In the experiments, the plasma absorbed power was varied from 25 to 210 W, the pressure from ∼10 to 40 Pa, and the NF 3 flow rate from 3 to 18.5 SCCM. Results demonstrated that UO 2 can be completely removed from stainless‐steel substrates after several minutes processing at under 100 W with initial etch rates ranging from 0.2 to 7.4 μm/min. A primary etch mechanism is proposed in which F atoms created in the plasma diffuse to the surface UO 2 and react to form successive intermediates of uranium fluorides and/or oxyfluorides with reactions continuing to form the volatile UF 6 which desorbs into the gas phase to be pumped away. Ions created in the plasma are too low in concentration to be the primary etch mechanism, yet they can deliver enough energy to enhance the reaction process. UO 2 etching is a self‐limiting process due to the formation of non‐volatile uranium oxyfluorides and fluorides which form over the UO 2 , slowing or completely blocking the reaction to UF 6 .
<title>Performance evaluation of the MPEG-4 visual coding standard</title> (1998)

We first present an overview of the MPEG-4 video standard and its relationship to other existing as well as evolving video standards. MPEG-4 video, while introducing a new paradigm of treating each object in a scene independently, utilizes the traditional motion compensated DCT framework for coding of each object. Thus, while introducing new object based coding functionality, it is also capable of providing traditional frame-based coding. Furthermore, it supports advanced functionalities such as efficient coding of background as a sprite, robustness to channel errors, spatial and temporal scalability of arbitrary shape objects etc. Next, we evaluate the statistical performance of the MPEG-4 video under a number of selected conditions and compare it, depending on the application, with the H.263, the MPEG-1 and the MPEG-2 standards. For each traditional application, based on our limited set of experiments, MPEG-4 video appears to provide equal or better performance when compared to the most suitable existing standard addressing that application area. For the new object based applications, although MPEG-4 video when coding arbitrary shaped objects, incurs additional coding costs, perhaps with further optimization, the increased cost may be offset by improved tradeoffs in coding quality control, channel bandwidth and decoding resource adaptations.
The Oxidative Desulfurization of HDS Diesel: Using Aldehyde and Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of Cobalt Catalysts (2011)

Abstract Oxidative desulfurization of hydrodesulfurized diesel using aldehyde and molecular oxygen in the presence of cobalt catalysts was studied. Among the catalysts used, cobalt phthalocyaninetetrasulfonamide was found to be the most efficient catalyst for the oxidation of sulfur compounds present in diesel. The reactivity of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene is greater compared to 4-methyldibenzothiophene. Sulfur content in diesel was reduced from 448 to 41 ppm by oxidation followed by extraction with acetonitrile. It was further reduced to 4 ppm by passing through a silica gel column. Keywords: aldehydecobalt phthalocyaninedesulfurizationmolecular oxygenoxidationoxidative desulfurizationsulfidesulfone Notes a All the ratios are in molar quantities. Reaction temperature 40°C; reaction time 8 hr; CoPc(SO2NH2)4 catalyst; oxidant: IBA/O2. a 98% oxidized diesel samples; 24 g of diesel; extraction with 2 × 15 mL acetonitrile; 24 g of diesel; 5 g of silica; activated at 200°C for 3 hr; column internal diameter 14 mm and height 5 cm.
Studies of negative ions by collision-induced decomposition and hydrogen-deuterium exchange techniques. (1980)

Development of two new techniques for studying the gas phase chemistry of negative ions is reported. Collision induced dissociation (CID) of (M-1)- ions has been accomplished in a newly constructed triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer. This instrument was assembled by adding two additional Finnigan quadrupole mass filters to a Finnigan Model 3200 CI mass spectrometer. Generation of (M-1)- ions is accomplished by allowing OH- and sample to react under CI conditions in the ion source. The first quadrupole mass filter, Q1, is then employed to selectively pass the (M-1)- ion into a second quadrupole filter containing argon or neon at 10(-3) torr. On collision with the inert gas the (M-1)- ions dissociate into fragments which are then mass analyzed in the third quadrupole filter, CID spectra of (M-1)- ions from twelve carbonyl compounds are presented in this paper. Ion molecule isotope exchange reactions in the CI ion source can be used to count the number of hydrogen atoms in many different chemical environments. Collisions between sample (M-1)- ions and deuterium-labeled reagent gases (ND3, D2O, EtOD) facilitate incorporation of deuterium into the negative ion if the basicities of the sample and reagent anions are similar. Thus it is possible to selectively incorporate deuterium into many organic samples by controlling the exothermicity of the acid base, ion-molecule chemistry.
New Percutaneously Inserted Spinal Fixation System (2004)

The new spinal fixation system is biocompatible, uses a nontoxic polymer, is magnetic resonance compatible, displays favorable biomechanical characteristics, can be easily deployed percutaneously using simple fluoroscopic guidance, is well tolerated in living sheep, caused no muscular thermal damage, and could be used in humans within a reasonable operative time frame. The new system demonstrates the feasibility of percutaneously constructing composite structures in situ within the body.
Extended-Short-Wavelength Infrared Detectors using Novel Quaternary III-V Alloys on InAs. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Decades of rivalry and complementary of photon and electron beams (2009)

Not long after the photon beam was used to delineate circuit patterns in resist, e-beam was called for duty due to the concern of photons running out of resolution. The e-beam counterpart of proximity printing, projection printing, and direct writing quickly took shape as early as 1975. The race was on. Optical projection printing, taking advantage of a high degree of parallelism, excelled in throughput and economy for wafer patterning. However, electrons can be quickly deflected to directly write patterns. It took over mask writing. Rivalry turned into complementary for decades. Recently e-beam has a new opportunity to beat photon beam at its own game of parallelism and eliminate the problems associated with masks altogether. This presentation compares optical and e-beam imaging technically, economically, and historically, pointing to the rewards and challenges for each technology to succeed.
Wear of alpha-alumina in hot steam up to 300°C (2017)

Selfmated alpha-alumina sliding couples have been investigated under oscillating sliding at 100 N load in different humidity conditions in air as in hot steam up to temperatures of 300°C and ambient pressures up to 4 bar.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Sparsity Pattern Recovery (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The paper considers the problem of detecting the sparsity pattern of a <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> </formula></emphasis>-sparse vector in <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\BBR }^{n}$</tex></formula></emphasis> from <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$m$</tex> </formula></emphasis> random noisy measurements. A new necessary condition on the number of measurements for asymptotically reliable detection with maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation and Gaussian measurement matrices is derived. This necessary condition for ML detection is compared against a sufficient condition for simple maximum correlation (MC) or thresholding algorithms. The analysis shows that the gap between thresholding and ML can be described by a simple expression in terms of the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with the gap growing with increasing SNR. Thresholding is also compared against the more sophisticated Lasso and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) methods. At high SNRs, it is shown that the gap between Lasso and OMP over thresholding is described by the range of powers of the nonzero component values of the unknown signals. Specifically, the key benefit of Lasso and OMP over thresholding is the ability of Lasso and OMP to detect signals with relatively small components. </para>
Longer-term Safety of B-Cell Therapy With Ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis (2021)

Treatment options in multiple sclerosis (MS) have expanded tremendously, with 23 disease-modifying therapies (DMT) approved in the United States since 1993. Along with the increasing number of approved MS DMTs, refinements to diagnostic criteria and recognition of the benefits of early treatment have led clinicians to diagnose and treat patients when they have a first demyelinating episode. Furthermore, treatment approaches have shifted to the use of more powerful, highly efficacious agents, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), at onset.1 The newer therapies, such as natalizumab, alemtuzumab, and the anti-B-cell mAb ocrelizumab, have made “no evidence of disease activity” a realistic therapeutic target, delayed the onset of progressive disease, and led to improved quality of life of individuals with MS. Yet these agents are a double-edged sword: with higher efficacy comes potential risks, particularly with long-term use of these therapies.2
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of the Quinolones: Methods of Synthesizing the Quinolone Ring System (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SiGe/Si superlattices on implanted buried-oxide structures (1989)

In an attempt to reduce the number of threading dislocations propagating through a silicon epitaxial layer grown on an implanted buried-oxide structure, a SiGe/Si superlattice was placed between the initial silicon surface layer and the subsequently grown silicon epitaxial layer. Both the superlattice and the silicon epitaxial layer were formed by molecular-beam epitaxy. Some of the threading dislocations are bent parallel to the superlattice as they propagate through the structure. Some of these are annihilated by interacting with other dislocations while others bend toward the surface again after propagating parallel to the superlattice for some distance. The effect of the superlattice is limited, and many of the dislocations continue propagating through the superlattice toward the surface of the silicon epitaxial layer.
A Constitutive Relation for the Viscous Flow of an Oriented Fiber Assembly (1991)

A constitutive relation for an equivalent, homogeneous fluid is developed for the anisotropic viscous flow of an oriented assembly of discontinuous fibers suspended in a viscous fluid. The anisotropic viscous compliance matrix can be expressed in terms of three constants by assuming the equivalent fluid to be incompressible and the micro-structure to have axial symmetry (transversely isotropic). By means of a micromechanics analysis, the three terms of the constitutive relation are expressed in terms of the viscosity of the matrix fluid, the fiber aspect ratio, and the fiber volume fraction. A comparison of the viscosity terms reveals that the elongational viscosity in the fiber direction varies as the square of the fiber aspect ratio and a complex function of the fiber volume fraction. Further, the ratio of the axial elongational viscosity to the transverse elongational viscosity and both axial and transverse shear viscosities was shown to be 10 4 -10 6 for fiber aspect ratio of 10 2 -10 3 , except at extreme values of the fiber volume fraction.
The Analysis Of Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch Operation In The Frequency Of 10 Ghz (2010)

A device analysis of the photoconductive semiconductor switch is carried out to investigate distribution of electric field and carrier concentrations as well as the current density distribution. The operation of this device was then investigated as a switch operating in X band. It is shown that despite the presence of symmetry geometry, switch current density of the on-state steady state mode is distributed asymmetrically throughout the device.
ChemInform Abstract: Achievement of Incident Photon to Electric Current Conversion Yields Exceeding 80% in the Spectral Sensitization of Titanium Dioxide by Coumarin. (1989)

Abstract The laser dye coumarin 343 (I) displays an extraordinarily high efficiency in the spectral sensitization of "fractal"‐type anatase films.
Modeling Acidic Sites in Zeolites and Aluminosilicates by Aluminosilsesquioxanes (1999)

Lewis and Brønsted acidic aluminosilsesquioxanes have been synthesized and utilized as homogeneous models for the corresponding acidic aluminum sites found in aluminosilicates and zeolites.