gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar dye-sensitized photovoltaics through cavity mode enhancement (2011)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) differ from conventional solar cells in that they rely on a large area nanoparticle network to achieve sufficient absorption of sunlight. Although highly successful to date, this approach limits the opportunities to further increase DSSC power efficiency because it necessarily restricts the choice of redox shuttles to those compatible with the long electron transit times and ample recombination opportunities inherent to the nanoparticle-based architecture. Here, we use a resonantly coupled cavity scheme to demonstrate planar, thin-film DSSCs with a polarized, monochromatic incident photon to current efficiency of 17% from a single monolayer of a conventional Ru-dye. Upon illumination on resonance we observe open-circuit voltages that reach 1 V and thereby approach the theoretical limit for open-circuit voltage set by the dye and redox shuttle energy levels. The results supply new insight into processes presently limiting DSSCs and point to novel strategies to overcome these losses.
Design of a Novel Perfusion System to Perform MR Imaging of an Isolated Beating Heart (2009)

Isolated mammalian hearts have been used to study cardiac physiology, pharmacology, and biomedical devices in order to separate myocardial characteristics from the milieu of the intact animal and to allow for increased control over experimental conditions. Considering these benefits and that MRI is the “gold” standard for measuring myocardial function, it was considered desirable to have a system which would allow simultaneous MR imaging of an isolated beating heart. Here we describe a unique portable system, which enables physiologic perfusion of an isolated heart during simultaneous MR imaging. A two unit system was designed to physiologically support a large mammalian isolated heart during MR imaging were a modified Krebs-Henseleit perfusate was used as a blood substitute. The first unit, which resides in an adjacent support room next to the scanner, contains all electronically powered equipment and components (with ferromagnetic materials) which cannot operate safely near the magnet, including (1) a thermal module and custom tube in tube heat exchanger warming the perfusate to 38°C; (2) a carbogen tank (95% O2 5% CO2) and hollow fiber oxygenator; and (3) two centrifugal blood pumps which circulates and pressurizes the left and right atrial filling chambers. The second unit, which resides next to the magnet and is free of ferromagnetic materials, receives warmed, oxygenated perfusate from the first unit via PVC tubing. The isolated hearts were connected to the second unit via four cannulae sutured to the great vessels. A support system placed inside the scanner on the patient bed secured the hearts and cannulae in the correct anatomical position. To date, this system was tested in a 1.5 T Siemens scanner using swine hearts (n=2). The hearts were arrested with St. Thomas cardioplegia and removed via a medial sternotomy. After cannulation of the great vessels, reperfusion, and defibrillation, four-chamber and tagged short-axis cine loops were acquired using standard ECG gating. Tagged short-axis images obtained at the base, mid-ventricle, and apex were used to measure the following functional parameters for one heart: LV end-diastolic volume=38.84 ml, LV end-systolic volume=23.23 ml, LV stroke volume=15.6 ml, LV ejection fraction=40.18%, and peak LV circumferential strain=16%. The feasibility of MR imaging an isolated, four-chamber working large mammalian heart was demonstrated using a custom designed and built portable MRI compatible perfusion system. This system will be useful in studying in vitro cardiac function (including human hearts) and developing MRI safe biomedical devices and MRI guided therapies in a controlled setting.
Capsule endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study (2012)

In an emergency department setting, capsule endoscopy appears feasible and safe in people presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Capsule endoscopy identifies gross blood in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the duodenum, significantly more often than nasogastric tube aspiration and identifies inflammatory lesions, as well as EGD. Capsule endoscopy may facilitate patient triage and earlier endoscopy, but should not be considered a substitute for EGD.
20 Year Evolution of Hepatitis B Treatments (2012)

Purpose: In the United States, approximately 1.2 million persons have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Over the past twenty years, HBV has been under-screened and approximately 32% of patients are untreated. Major goals of anti-HBV therapy are to prevent disease progression, in particular the progression to cirrhosis and liver failure. In the United States, seven drugs are currently approved for treatment of adults with chronic HBV infection: interferon-alpha, pegylated interferon-alpha, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir. Methods: 165 unique patients have been followed by Roger Williams Medical Center gastroenterology physicians in an outpatient setting for HBV evaluation from January 1, 1992 to present day. Medical records were examined retrospectively for hepatitis B serologies, liver function tests, liver biopsy results, and treatment choices. Surveillance only patients consisted of patients with low liver function tests, normal ultrasounds, and non-cirrhotics. HBV was defined as surface antigen positivity. HBV DNA > 20,000 IU/mL is the current threshold for treatment, as is cirrhosis of the liver. Differences between HBV DNA at baseline and after treatment were analyzed by chi-square and independent-sample t-tests. Results: From January 1, 1992 until present day, currently 27% of patients are undergoing treatment for HBV. 59% with HBV are males and the average age of both males and females is 50 years old. Of the HBV positive patients reviewed, 39% are Asian, 36% White and 14% African American. At the onset of treatment, 62% were placed on lamivudine, 38% on adefovir, 29% on entecavir and 31% on tenofivir. Due to resistance or incomplete response, 46% of patients started on lamivudine were eventually switched to adefovir. As resistance grew to adefovir, 30% of patients were switched to entecavir and 24% to tenofivir. In patients undergoing treatment, 25% patients underwent biopsy. The average Batts-Ludwig inflammation grade was 1 and the average staging grade was 2. One patient had a hepatocellular carcinoma. Zero patients required liver transplantation and zero patients died due to HBV. In the most recent labs, the HBV was undetectable in 99% of patients who underwent HBV treatment in the last twenty years. Conclusion: Of the patients who underwent and are currently undergoing anti-HBV therapy, 99% are now undetectable. Results indicated that the magnitude of effect of drug treatments on HBV DNA was relatively large, suggesting potential long term benefits in clinical outcomes for the foreseeable future as we continue to follow therapy.
Functional Precision Medicine Identifies Novel Druggable Targets and Therapeutic Options in Head and Neck Cancer (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with high mortality and a lack of targeted therapies. To identify and prioritize druggable targets, we performed genome analysis together with genome-scale siRNA and oncology drug profiling using low-passage tumor cells derived from a patient with treatment-resistant HPV-negative HNSCC.<b>Experimental Design:</b> A tumor cell culture was established and subjected to whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, comparative genome hybridization, and high-throughput phenotyping with a siRNA library covering the druggable genome and an oncology drug library. Secondary screens of candidate target genes were performed on the primary tumor cells and two nontumorigenic keratinocyte cell cultures for validation and to assess cancer specificity. siRNA screens of the kinome on two isogenic pairs of p53-mutated HNSCC cell lines were used to determine generalizability. Clinical utility was addressed by performing drug screens on two additional HNSCC cell cultures derived from patients enrolled in a clinical trial.<b>Results:</b> Many of the identified copy number aberrations and somatic mutations in the primary tumor were typical of HPV(-) HNSCC, but none pointed to obvious therapeutic choices. In contrast, siRNA profiling identified 391 candidate target genes, 35 of which were preferentially lethal to cancer cells, most of which were not genomically altered. Chemotherapies and targeted agents with strong tumor-specific activities corroborated the siRNA profiling results and included drugs that targeted the mitotic spindle, the proteasome, and G<sub>2</sub>-M kinases <i>WEE1</i> and <i>CHK1</i> We also show the feasibility of <i>ex vivo</i> drug profiling for patients enrolled in a clinical trial.<b>Conclusions:</b> High-throughput phenotyping with siRNA and drug libraries using patient-derived tumor cells prioritizes mutated driver genes and identifies novel drug targets not revealed by genomic profiling. Functional profiling is a promising adjunct to DNA sequencing for precision oncology. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2828-43. ©2018 AACR</i>.
A Review on Psychological Safety: Concepts, measurements, antecedents and Consequences variables (2015)

As an important indicator of employees' psychological contract and organizational trust, psychological safety is a kind of safety awareness based on the psychological climate of certain events in organization, current scholars generally divided it into three levels: individual, group, organizational psychological safety. Its influencing factors can be divided into individual factors, interpersonal factors, leadership features and organizational context four aspects;its main outcome variables conclude the knowledge sharing, voice, innovation, job involvement and job performance. Finally, the study points out the shortcomings of existing research and future research directions.
Control of in vivo microvessel ingrowth by modulation of biomaterial local architecture and chemistry (2002)

We developed a method for controlling local architecture and chemistry simultaneously in biomaterial implants to control microvessel ingrowth in vivo. Porous polypropylene disks (5 mm in diameter and 40 microm thick) were plasma-coated with a fluoropolymer and then laser-drilled with 50-microm-diameter holes through their thickness. We then oxidized the disks to create hydroxyl functionality on the exposed polypropylene (inside the holes). Acrylamide was grafted to the hydroxyl groups through polymerization in the presence of activating ceric ions. Staining with toluidine blue O demonstrated that grafting occurred only inside the holes. We used the Hoffman degradation reaction to convert the amide groups of acrylamide to amine groups, and then we used ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to attach biomolecules of interest inside the holes: secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) peptide Lys-Gly-His-Lys (KGHK; angiogenic), thrombospondin-2 (TSP; antiangiogenic), or albumin (rat; neutral). In vivo testing in a rat subcutaneous dorsum model for a 3-week interval demonstrated a greater vessel surface area (p = 0.032) and a greater number of vessels (p = 0.043) in tissue local to the holes with KGHK-immobilized disks than with TSP-immobilized disks. However, differences between KGHK-immobilized and albumin-immobilized disks were less significant (p = 0.120 and p = 0.289 for the vessel surface area and number of vessels, respectively). The developed methods have potential applications in biomaterial design applications for which selective neovascularization is desired.
RoarNet: A Robust 3D Object Detection based on RegiOn Approximation\n Refinement (2018)

We present RoarNet, a new approach for 3D object detection from a 2D image\nand 3D Lidar point clouds. Based on two-stage object detection framework with\nPointNet as our backbone network, we suggest several novel ideas to improve 3D\nobject detection performance. The first part of our method, RoarNet_2D,\nestimates the 3D poses of objects from a monocular image, which approximates\nwhere to examine further, and derives multiple candidates that are\ngeometrically feasible. This step significantly narrows down feasible 3D\nregions, which otherwise requires demanding processing of 3D point clouds in a\nhuge search space. Then the second part, RoarNet_3D, takes the candidate\nregions and conducts in-depth inferences to conclude final poses in a recursive\nmanner. Inspired by PointNet, RoarNet_3D processes 3D point clouds directly\nwithout any loss of data, leading to precise detection. We evaluate our method\nin KITTI, a 3D object detection benchmark. Our result shows that RoarNet has\nsuperior performance to state-of-the-art methods that are publicly available.\nRemarkably, RoarNet also outperforms state-of-the-art methods even in settings\nwhere Lidar and camera are not time synchronized, which is practically\nimportant for actual driving environments. RoarNet is implemented in Tensorflow\nand publicly available with pre-trained models.\n
Corrigendum: Sex-Specific Differences in the Effect of Free Testosterone on Sarcopenia Components in Older Adults (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.695614.].
Data from Novel Chemosensitive Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers to Targeted Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Methods for predicting individual responsiveness to targeted chemotherapy are urgently needed, considering the frequent resistance and extremely high cost.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A chemosensitive single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery schema is presented that utilizes (i) genome-wide SNP screening with a human SNP array and an &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; chemosensitivity assay in 118 colorectal cancers, (ii) clinical association analysis in the other 98 patients who had received chemotherapy for metastatic cancer, and (iii) biological utility assessment using cell viability assays of transfected colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Nine SNPs related to bevacizumab and cetuximab regimen sensitivity were chosen during screening. Overall responses for bevacizumab regimens revealed that patients carrying the &lt;i&gt;TT&lt;/i&gt; genotype at &lt;i&gt;ANXA11 rs1049550&lt;/i&gt; or at least one &lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt; allele at &lt;i&gt;LINS1 rs11247226&lt;/i&gt; seemed greater chemosensitive than those carrying at least one &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt; allele or the &lt;i&gt;AA&lt;/i&gt; genotype, respectively (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). For cetuximab regimens, patients carrying the &lt;i&gt;GG&lt;/i&gt; genotype at &lt;i&gt;DFNB31 rs2274159&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;LIFR rs3729740&lt;/i&gt; seemed greater chemosensitive than those carrying at least one &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt; allele (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.025 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.07). Cytotoxicity analyses showed that all RKO and HCT116 CRC clones transfected with the &lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt; allele at &lt;i&gt;LIFR rs3729740&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt; allele at &lt;i&gt;ISX rs361863&lt;/i&gt; were more sensitive to cetuximab regimens than those with the &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt; allele, respectively (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.001–0.024).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Chemosensitive SNP markers were identified using a novel three-step process. The candidate marker &lt;i&gt;LIFR rs3729740&lt;/i&gt; and possibly &lt;i&gt;ISX rs361863&lt;/i&gt; will hopefully predict responsive patients to cetuximab regimens, although further validation is needed in large cohorts. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(5); 1200–9. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CMOS RF Switch With Fast Discharge Feature (2021)

A radio-frequency (RF) switch featuring a circuit for fast discharge of the gate oxide capacitance is presented in this letter. Two auxiliary transistors are added between the gate and source/drain terminals of the main switch. They are brought into the ON state for a short time at the beginning of the switching transient, discharging the gate of the main transistor, and speeding up the switching process. An integrated circuit implementing the proposed concept based on a large shunt switch has been designed and fabricated in Infineon 130-nm bulk-CMOS RF-switch technology. The measurements have demonstrated improvement in switching time (defined as the time between the control signal trigger edge and 90% of the target RF amplitude) of above 50% with no penalty in RF performance comparing to the conventional switch without discharge feature. The measured OFF-state insertion loss and ON-state isolation at 824 MHz were 0.12 and 27.2 dB, respectively.
Segmentation in Ultrasonic B-Mode Images of Healthy Carotid Arteries Using Mixtures of Nakagami Distributions and (2009)

The goal of this work is to perform a segmentation of the intimamedia thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries in view of computing various dynamical properties of that tissue, such as the elasticity distribution (elastogram). The echogenicity of a region of interest comprising the intima-media layers, the lumen, and the adventitia in an ultrasonic B-mode image is modeled by a mixture of three Nakagami distributions. In a first step, we compute the maximum a posteriori estimator of the proposed model, using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. We then compute the optimal segmentation based on the estimated distributions as well as a statistical prior for disease-free IMT using a variant of the exploration/selection (ES) algorithm. Convergence of the ES algo- rithm to the optimal solution is assured asymptotically and is in- dependent of the initial solution. In particular, our method is well suited to a semi-automatic context that requires minimal manual initialization. Tests of the proposed method on 30 sequences of ul- trasonic B-mode images of presumably disease-free control sub- jects are reported. They suggest that the semi-automatic segmen- tations obtained by the proposed method are within the variability of the manual segmentations of two experts.
Genetic deletion of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 increases cartilage degradation in instability-induced osteoarthritis (2012)

These data show that loss of function of Lrp5 increases cartilage degradation in mild instability-induced OA models in mice. Low bone mass density could have contributed to this effect.
The inflammatory response is related to circulatory failure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective cohort study (2021)

BackgroundWhole body ischemia and reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest leads to the massive inflammation clinically manifested in the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Previous studies on the inflammatory effect on circulatory failure after cardiac arrest have either investigated a selected patient group or a limited part of the inflammatory mechanisms. We examined the association between cardiac arrest characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers, and between inflammatory biomarkers and circulatory failure after cardiac arrest, in an unselected patient cohort.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 50 consecutive patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation was invasively monitored from admission until day five, whereas inflammatory biomarkers, i.e. complement activation, cytokines and endothelial injury, were measured daily. We identified predictors for an increased inflammatory response, and associations between the inflammatory response and circulatory failure.ResultsWe found a marked and broad inflammatory response in patients after cardiac arrest, which was associated with clinical outcome. Long time to return of spontaneous circulation and high lactate level at admission were associated with increased complement activation (TCC and C3bc), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and endothelial injury (syndecan-1) at admission. These biomarkers were in turn significantly associated with lower mean arterial blood pressure, lower cardiac output and lower systemic vascular resistance, and increased need of circulatory support in the initial phase. High levels of TCC and IL-6 at admission were significantly associated with increased 30-days mortality.ConclusionInflammatory biomarkers, including complement activation, cytokines and endothelial injury, were associated with increased circulatory failure in the initial period after cardiac arrest.
NAT Free Open Source 3D Video Conferencing using SAMTK and Application Layer Router (2009)

SAMTK: scalable adaptive multicast toolkit is a toolkit to bridge the gap between network researchers and application developers in the field of multi-point communication. SAMTK includes a Qt based GUI that ensures a single source multi-platform use (Linux, FreeBSD, Windows and MacOS). It provides interfaces for network plugins used by one-to-many network sockets and a simple application programming interface for application developers to develop multi-point communication applications quite easily. ALR: application layer router is a router which parses UDP packets and does a lookup in its internal forwarding table to duplicate and deliver the packets to multiple destinations. It provides NAT traversal function by using a singe UDP port both for session registration and packet delivery. The demo shows the feasibility of NAT free 3D video conferencing using application layer router and the ease of development of video conferencing applications using SAMTK.
Transient Depletion of Kupffer Cells Leads to Enhanced Transgene Expression in Rat Liver Following Retrograde Intrabiliary Infusion of Plasmid DNA and DNA Nanoparticles (2010)

In this report, we have demonstrated that by temporarily removing Kupffer cells (KCs), the transgene expression levels mediated by retrograde intrabiliary infusion (RII) of plasmid DNA, polyethylenimine-DNA, and chitosan nanoparticles were enhanced by 1,927-, 131-, and 23,450-fold, respectively, in comparison with the respective groups without KC removal. KC removal also led to significantly prolonged transgene expression in the liver that received all three carriers. This increased transgene expression was correlated with significantly reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-α level as an indicator for KC activation. These results suggest that KC activation is a significant contributing factor to the lowered transgene expression by polycation-DNA nanoparticles delivered by RII. More importantly, the combination of RII and transient removal of KCs may be adopted as an effective approach to achieving high and persistent transgene expression in the liver mediated by nonviral nanoparticles.