gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EM analysis of PBG substrate microstrip circuits for integrated transmitter front end (2002)

In this work, electromagnetic analysis of a novel photonic bandgap (PBG) substrate microstrip line circuit is presented and its applications in an integrated antenna amplifier transmitter front end are discussed. The method-of-moments based Sonnet Suite has been used for full-wave 3D electromagnetic simulation of the microstrip on a high-density substrate having rectangular air blocks. It is shown that a single row of air blocks consisting of only 3-5 elements of optimized dimensions produce a very steep and wide (up to 10 GHz) bandgap for the microstrip mode. The results obtained demonstrate that such a structure has high potential for designing novel low-pass and band-pass filters and integrated amplifier tuning elements. The transmission-line-circuit method has been applied in obtaining analytical conditions of stopband and passband for the circuit considered. The proposed structure can be mass-produced by micro drilling in a conventional high-density substrate.
Crystal Structures of Human 17&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Complexed with the Dual-Site Inhibitor EM-139 (2018)

Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) catalyzes the biosynthesis of the most potent natural estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) from estrone (E1) in the ovary and peripheral tissues, playing a pivotal role in the progression of estrogen-dependent diseases. N-n-Butyl-N-methyl-ll-(16'α-chloro-3',17'β-dihydroxyestra-1',3',5'(10')-trien-7'α-yl)undecanamide (EM-139) was previously described as a dual-site inhibitor that can inhibit 17β-HSD1 transforming E1 into E2 and also inhibit estrogen receptor. In the present report, we describe the co-crystallization of EM-139 with 17β-HSD1 as well as the analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme/inhibitor complex. The crystal is grown under similar condition as native crystals, whereas the space group is changed to I121 never observed in other 17β-HSD1 crystals before. The steroidal moiety of the bound EM-139 molecule has shown a binding pattern similar to E2 in the E2 binary complex. The O-3 of the inhibitor develops hydrogen bonds with residues His221 and Glu282, whereas the O-17 makes hydrogen bonds with Ser142 and Tyr155. The bulky 7α-alkyl moiety of the inhibitor, which is essential for its anti-estrogenic activity but cannot be defined in the electron density, may compromise the inhibitory effect of EM-139 to 17β-HSD1. Moreover, the 16α-Cl atom shows no obvious interaction with surrounding residues. The atomic level understanding of the inhibitory mechanism of EM-139 provides important information for the inhibitor design of 17β-HSD1, which will facilitate future development of more potent and selective inhibitors of the enzyme for therapeutic purposes.
Distributed Focus and Digital Zoom (2019)

We explore integrated microcamera focus systems for array cameras. We propose a new model for system camera integration relying on fast action focus mechanisms with &gt;10mm aperture. Rather than reducing resolution or expanding aperture size, such systems can be used in arrays to enable digital zoom. We show that a common mechanism supports camera modules with focal lengths ranging from 25 to 60 mm. Designs for each focal length include a fixed objective lens group and an adjustable back focus group. Increasing the focal power of the front focal group enables the travel range of available microcamera modules to accommodate long focal length systems. We present design examples both discrete and multiscale array camera systems.
Current‐density patterns induced by avalanche injection phenomena in high‐voltage diodes during turn‐off (2004)

Abstract The turn‐off behavior of two types of high‐voltage diodes is investigated by means of numerical simulations. Basic self‐organized structures appearing as transient patterns during the turn‐off period are quasi‐stationary or traveling current‐density filaments and periodic current‐density distributions. Additionally, we find evolution of more complex patterns that can be considered to be a superposition of basic structures. Examples of such complex structures are presented and mechanisms leading to their evolution are discussed.
Raman Spectroscopy Using 1550 nm (Retina-Safe) Laser Excitation (2011)

During the past decade, the use of portable Raman analyzers for field measurements has grown dramatically. However, most analyzers use 785 nm excitation lasers that can cause permanent eye damage. To overcome this safety concern, we have built a portable Fourier transform (FT) Raman analyzer using a 1550 nm retina-safe excitation laser and have compared its performance to our 1064 nm FT-Raman analyzer, which uses the same optical design. Raman theory predicts approximately five times lower peak intensities at 1550 nm. Although we found that intensities were as much as 20 times less intense, the analyzer is still capable of measuring spectra of sufficient quality to identify and differentiate chemicals.
Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectories of natural killer cell differentiation in bone marrow and a stress signature induced by acute myeloid leukemia (2020)

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells (ILCs) involved in the killing of infected and tumor cells. Among human and mouse NK cells from the spleen and blood, we previously identified by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) two similar major subsets, NK1 and NK2. Using the same technology, we report here the identification, by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), of three NK cell subpopulations in human bone marrow. Pseudotime analysis identified a subset of resident CD56<sup>bright</sup> NK cells, NK0 cells, as the precursor of both circulating CD56<sup>dim</sup> NK1-like NK cells and CD56<sup>bright</sup> NK2-like NK cells in human bone marrow and spleen under physiological conditions. Transcriptomic profiles of bone marrow NK cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibited stress-induced repression of NK cell effector functions, highlighting the profound impact of this disease on NK cell heterogeneity. Bone marrow NK cells from AML patients exhibited reduced levels of CD160, but the CD160<sup>high</sup> group had a significantly higher survival rate.
How does the Mind store Information? (2019)

How we store information in our mind has been a major intriguing open question. We approach this question not from a physiological standpoint as to how information is physically stored in the brain, but from a conceptual and algorithm standpoint as to the right data structures to be used to organize and index information. Here we propose a memory architecture directly based on the recursive sketching ideas from the paper "Recursive Sketches for Modular Deep Networks", ICML 2019 (arXiv:1905.12730), to store information in memory as concise sketches. We also give a high level, informal exposition of the recursive sketching idea from the paper that makes use of subspace embeddings to capture deep network computations into a concise sketch. These sketches form an implicit knowledge graph that can be used to find related information via sketches from the past while processing an event.
Frequency response of the swimbladders of fish (1991)

The gas-filled swimbladder of a fish resonates in the ambient noise field, scattering significant amounts of acoustic energy. This characteristic scattered field is thought to assist a fish's own hearing and also may allow for the detection and identification of other scatterers by the receiver [P. H. Rogers et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 85, S35 (1989)]. The frequency response of the swimbladder can be measured in vivo by a noninvasive vibration amplitude measurement system [M. Cox and P. H. Rogers, J. Vib. Acoust. Str. Rel. Des. 109, 55–59 (1987)]. The response for a variety of fish of the species Carassius auratus (common goldfish) and Astronotus ocellatus (oscar) was measured and correlated with respect to fish size. One aspect of the results further examined was the appearance of twin peaks in the response of some goldfish. X rays of the subjects indicated that differences in size of the anterior and posterior chambers of the swimbladder may be responsible. [Work supported by ONR.]
Generation of a Space-Time Light Sheet with Reduced Diffraction Utilizing Classical Entanglement by Combining Multiple Frequencies Each Containing Multiple Hermite-Gaussian Modes (2020)

We simulate a space-time light-sheet with reduced diffraction utilizing classical entanglement between multiple frequencies and Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes. By increasing the number of modes, the ratio of Rayleigh ranges could be increased to &gt; 10.
DIVA: Dataset Derivative of a Learning Task (2021)

We present a method to compute the derivative of a learning task with respect to a dataset. A learning task is a function from a training set to the validation error, which can be represented by a trained deep neural network (DNN). The "dataset derivative" is a linear operator, computed around the trained model, that informs how perturbations of the weight of each training sample affect the validation error, usually computed on a separate validation dataset. Our method, DIVA (Differentiable Validation) hinges on a closed-form differentiable expression of the leave-one-out cross-validation error around a pre-trained DNN. Such expression constitutes the dataset derivative. DIVA could be used for dataset auto-curation, for example removing samples with faulty annotations, augmenting a dataset with additional relevant samples, or rebalancing. More generally, DIVA can be used to optimize the dataset, along with the parameters of the model, as part of the training process without the need for a separate validation dataset, unlike bi-level optimization methods customary in AutoML. To illustrate the flexibility of DIVA, we report experiments on sample auto-curation tasks such as outlier rejection, dataset extension, and automatic aggregation of multi-modal data.
Size-Selective Synthesis of Ultrasmall Hydrophilic CdSe Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution at Room Temperature (2012)

Hydrophilic semiconductor nanoparticles are very attractive for various biological applications, such as in optical sensing, tracing, and imaging of biological molecules-of-interest, because of their broad excitation wavelength, tunable emission wavelength, strong photoluminescence, and relatively high stability against photobleaching and chemicals. Compared to organic phase synthesis and subsequent surface modification, aqueous phase synthesis approaches provide multiple advantages for obtaining hydrophilic semiconductor nanoparticles. Here, we describe methods for the size-selective growth and stabilization of ultrasmall hydrophilic CdSe nanoparticles in aqueous solution at room temperature by using amino acid cysteine or one of its derivatives as a surface capping agent.
Structure- and Fluid-Borne Acoustic Power Sources in 90 Degree Piping Elbows Excited by Turbulent Flow (2006)

The structure-borne and fluid-borne vibro-acoustic power spectra induced by turbulent fluid flow over the walls of a continuous 90 degree piping elbow are computed. Although the actual power input by the wall pressure fluctuations to the piping is distributed throughout the elbow, equivalent total powers input to various structural wavetypes (bending, torsion, axial) and fluid (plane waves) at the inlet and discharge of the elbow are computed. The powers at the elbow ‘ports’ are suitable inputs to wave-based and statistically-based models of larger piping systems that include the elbow. Calculations for several flow and structural parameters, including pipe wall thickness, flow speed, and flow Reynolds number are shown. The power spectra are scaled on flow and structural-acoustic parameters so that levels for conditions other than those considered in the paper may be estimated, subject to geometric similarity constraints (elbow radius/pipe diameter). The approach for computing the powers, which links Computational Fluid Dynamics, Finite Element and Boundary Element modeling, and efficient random analysis techniques, is general, and may be applied to other piping system components excited by turbulent fluid flow, such as U-bends and T-sections.
Mapping of a Mutation, polB100 , Affecting Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase II in Escherichia coli K-12 (1974)

Direct assay for deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase II in extracts has been used to screen recombinants for the polB allele in Hfr x F(-) crosses, F-ductants in episome transfer, and transductants in generalized transduction by phage P1. The polB gene is located at 2 min on the Escherichia coli linkage map; it is 39 to 64% co-transducible with leu. A mutant, E. coli polA1 polB100 polC (ts), deficient in deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases I and II and having a thermolabile deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase III, has been prepared by the P1-mediated cross: P1 (HMS85 polB100) x E. coli BT1026 polA1 polC (ts) leu(-).
Crystal structure of (η7-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-ylium)(η5-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1 -yl)chromium(I) hexafluorophosphate, [Cr(C7H7)(C10H15)][PF6] (2004)

Article Crystal structure of (η7-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-ylium)(η5-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1 -yl)chromium(I) hexafluorophosphate, [Cr(C7H7)(C10H15)][PF6] was published on April 1, 2004 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 219, issue 1-4).
Removal of organic films from solid surfaces using aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants. 2. Theory (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of organic films from solid surfaces using aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants. 2. TheoryStephen P. Beaudoin, Christine S. Grant, and Ruben G. CarbonellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 10, 3318–3325Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00037a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00037a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Static Analysis for AWS Best Practices in Python Code (2022)

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud provider. AWS SDKs provide access to AWS services through API endpoints. However, incorrect use of these APIs can lead to code defects, crashes, performance issues, and other problems. AWS best practices are a set of guidelines for correct and secure use of these APIs to access cloud services, allowing conformant clients to fully reap the benefits of cloud computing. We present static analyses, developed in the context of a commercial service for detection of code defects and security vulnerabilities, to identify deviations from AWS best practices. We focus on applications that use the AWS SDK for Python, called Boto3. Precise static analysis of Python cloud applications requires robust type inference for inferring the types of cloud service clients. However, Boto3’s "Pythonic" APIs pose unique challenges for type resolution, as does the interprocedural style in which service clients are used. We offer a layered approach that combines multiple type-resolution and tracking strategies in a staged manner: (i) general-purpose type inference augmented by type annotations, (ii) interprocedural dataflow analysis expressed in a domain-specific language, and (iii) name-based resolution as a low-confidence fallback. Across >3,000 popular Python GitHub repos that make use of the AWS SDK, our layered type inference system achieves 85% precision and 100% recall in inferring Boto3 clients in Python client code. Additionally, we use real-world developer feedback to assess a representative sample of eight AWS best-practice rules. These rules detect a wide range of issues including pagination, polling, and batch operations. Developers have accepted more than 85% of the recommendations made by five out of eight Python rules, and almost 83% of all recommendations.
Value-Decomposition Networks For Cooperative Multi-Agent Learning Based On Team Reward (2018)

We study the problem of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning with a single joint reward signal. This class of learning problems is difficult because of the often large combined action and observation spaces. In the fully centralized and decentralized approaches, we find the problem of spurious rewards and a phenomenon we call the "lazy agent'' problem, which arises due to partial observability. We address these problems by training individual agents with a novel value-decomposition network architecture, which learns to decompose the team value function into agent-wise value functions.
Overview of DeepStar Project to Demonstrate the Use of API 17TR8 – Verification and Validation (2019)

Abstract This paper will briefly discuss past work in the DeepStar® Global Offshore Technology Development Program in Subsea Systems committees DeepStar® 12302 20 ksi Systems, demonstrating the usage of API 17TR8 for verification of a 20 ksi component. Furthermore, a collaborative group of operators have created a new DeepStar satellite program and will share the status of a newly embarked venture to demonstrate the complete design process from the second edition of API 17TR8, including both verification and validation. Building off past work, and incorporating current industry standards, SI will provide an example analysis that applies independent usage of API 17TR8. The process of developing this report will continue to allow current 20 ksi contributors and operators to comment on the scope of work in both the verification analysis and validation testing protocol. This will help put into practice the use of API 17TR8 document and provide an independent example of its use. A verification assessment will be performed using API 17TR8 on two assemblies – one specifically targeting global collapse failure modes, and one specifically targeting serviceability failure modes. Like past work, this project includes (1) Generation of Functional Specification, (2) generation of a Failure, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), (3) design verification, (4) development of a validation protocol, (5) extreme and survival limits, and (6) a comparison of design and theoretical total life. Beyond the scope of past work, the current validation testing will be performed and will include (1) material characterization, (2) testing to validate the models used in the Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for the global criteria and (3) testing to identify normal, extreme and survival externally applied bending moments, as well as global plastic collapse and serviceability failure modes. This project will provide the industry with a detailed case study and demonstrate the verification and validation processes of nonproprietary subsea hardware component systematically using API 17TR8 methodology.
A Cost-Effective, Impediometric Na+-Sensor in Fluids (2021)

A crucial parameter in the body-fluid analysis is Na <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -ions. Preferably realized as a small wearable, mostly the fabrication method, size, and costs prevented ion-selective devices to enter the big realm of IoT applications. This letter reports a printed, electrochemical sensor system for measuring Na <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -ions in liquids. We designed, simulated, optimized, fabricated, and experimentally evaluated the sensor structures. Employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on a printable, dielectric ion-selective membrane, reproducible 2-electrode-measurement results are achieved in a biological-relevant mM-range. The cross-sensitivity toward K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -ions, dynamic range, and drift are investigated, and a robust measurement scheme is derived. The flexible, low-cost approach can enable new Internet-of-Things and point-of-care applications in biomedicine such as sweat analysis and environmental monitoring.
Session 26: Process technology - interconnect and 3D-IC technologies (2008)

This session contains seven papers describing advances in Cu/Low-k interconnect and 3D-IC technology. The first three papers concern 3D-IC technologies. Sillon et al., from CEA-LETI describe three advances in 3D integration. Liu et al., from IBM describe a fine pitch (5 um) and high aspect ratio (17:1) tungsten through-wafer via technology enabling 3D stacking. Through silicon vias are inserted between metal-1 and contact for ring oscillators on different tiers by Olman et al., from IMEC. The fourth paper, by Chai from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology presents copper and carbon nanotube composites for improving electromigration lifetime. The last three papers of the session discuss advantage in Cu/low-k interconnect. Kawahara et al., from NEC Electronics discusses Cu/Low-k dual damascene contacts to enhance RF performance in 40 nm CMOS devices. Oda et al., from Selete utilizes silylated porous silica (k=2.1) in ultra low-k/Cu dual damascene integration. A high performance copper interconnection scheme using a molecular pore stack containing SiCOH to reduce the process-induced damage is presented by Ueki et al., from NEC Electrics.
Substitution of self-reported measures for objectively assessed grip strength and slow walk in the Physical Frailty Phenotype: ramifications for validity (2023)

Commonly used self-reported disability items cannot be assumed to stand in for performance-based criteria in the PFP. We found subpopulations identified as frail by resultant phenotypes versus the original phenotype to systematically differ. Work to develop self-reported proxies that more closely replicate their objective phenotypic counterparts than standard disability self-reports is needed.