gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TIM4 Regulates the Anti-Islet Th2 Alloimmune Response (2014)

The role of the novel costimulatory molecule TIM4 in anti-islet response is unknown. We explored TIM4 expression and targeting in Th1 (BALB/c islets into C57BL/6 mice) and Th2 (BALB/c islets into Tbet(-/-) C57BL/6 mice) models of anti-islet alloimmune response and in a model of anti-islet autoimmune response (diabetes onset in NOD mice). The targeting of TIM4, using the monoclonal antibody RMT4-53, promotes islet graft survival in a Th1 model, with 30% of the graft surviving in the long term; islet graft protection appears to be mediated by a Th1 to Th2 skewing of the immune response. Differently, in the Th2 model, TIM4 targeting precipitates graft rejection by further enhancing the Th2 response. The effect of anti-TIM4 treatment in preventing autoimmune diabetes was marginal with only minor Th1 to Th2 skewing. B-Cell depletion abolished the effect of TIM4 targeting. TIM4 is expressed on human B-cells and is upregulated in diabetic and islet-transplanted patients. Our data suggest a model in which TIM4 targeting promotes Th2 response over Th1 via B-cells. The targeting of TIM4 could become a component of an immunoregulatory protocol in clinical islet transplantation, aiming at redirecting the immune system toward a Th2 response.
Electrically Pumped CdZnSe/ZnSe Blue-Green Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (1995)

We demonstrate an electrically pumped CdZnSe/ZnSe blue-green vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a SiO 2 /TiO 2 dielectric multilayer mirror. Electrically pumped lasing was achieved at 77 K with a threshold current of 3 mA (pulsed). A low far-field radiation angle of 7° was observed above the threshold in a 10-µ m-diameter device, which indicates the spatial coherence expected for lasing.
Mesh development for a finite element model of the carotid artery. (2006)

A technique for developing a structured, hexahedral and quadrilateral mesh for use in finite element analyses of the carotid artery is presented. The model is reconstructed from 270 Computed Tomography (CT) images (slice thickness 0.625mm) of a 57 year old male subject and extends from the arch of the aorta to the base of the jaw. The structured mesh was generated using an unstructured, automatically generated tetrahedral mesh of the intimal surface of the carotid artery and its branches. A parametric meshing software package was used to create the structured mesh, facilitating mesh density studies. The change in volume and surface area introduced when converting the mesh from tetrahedral to hexahedral elements (+1.5% change in volume, -1.4% change in surface area) is small in comparison to estimated error introduced in the segmentation process. The technique introduced will benefit finite element and fluid dynamic studies of the carotid artery investigating mechanically induced pathology at both physiologic loading rates (i.e., atherosclerotic plaque formation) and high strain rates (i.e., blunt trauma).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐2,4‐benzodiazocine‐3(4H)‐thione: A Novel Heterocycle. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using Context Ontologies for Addressing and Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2009)

This paper presents a new way of addressing and routing for mobile ad hoc networks on the basis of contextual information such as air pressure, brightness, wind direction and strength, or GPS position. The most common use case of context-based addressing is group communication: A participant sends a message to an a priori unspecified set of recipients, but indicates the context in which the message could be useful for a potential receiver. In contrast to infrastructure networks the sender no longer designates the receiver of its message with a distinct identifier. Instead, each recipient using his local context decides by himself, whether the message is useful for him and whether it should be sent out again. The modeling of the necessary application knowledge is done as ontologies in OWL (web ontology language). As an example scenario, a wind gust warning on highways using a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is described: the warning message should be sent to all vehicles on the same route containing the place where the wind was detected. The models are applied in a prototypical example scenario in order to show the performance of the approach through a simulation, using the JiST/SWANS simulator for mobile ad hoc networks. The results show that the number of messages that are necessary to warn all vehicles in a given environment of the wind danger can be reduced by half - as opposed to a simple flooding of the network.
Unified model of boron diffusion in thin gate oxides: effects of F, H/sub 2/, N, oxide thickness and injected Si interstitials (2002)

This work is describes the first unified network-defect-level model for B diffusion in SiO/sub 2/ for use in process simulation. Models have been developed to explain silicon processing effects on B diffusion through thin gate oxides. With these models we can predict the enhanced B diffusion effects in poly Si/SiO/sub 2/ structures from BF/sub 2/ implants, wet oxidation and exposure to H/sub 2/ ambients, and the concentration of N in nitrided oxides in reducing B diffusion. We have also shown for the first time that there is an oxide thickness dependence on B diffusion.
Fabrication of thin ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films by millisecond flash lamp annealing (2023)

Abstract We used millisecond flash lamp annealing (FLA) to form thin ferroelectric Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 (HZO) films with thicknesses of less than 10 nm and with remanent polarization up to 30 μ C cm −2 . A clear dependency of the polarization on the annealing temperature and time was observed, indicating that the precise management of the thermal budget is a key factor in forming ferroelectric HZO. We also show and compare the process windows within which ferroelectricity in 10 and 5 nm samples is obtained. The results show that a high thermal budget is necessary for thinner samples. We examined the endurance characteristics and a greater endurance compared to rapid thermal annealing treatment was observed with more than 10 10 cycles without breakdown confirmed in 5 nm thick samples. The data indicates that there is the possibility of further thickness scaling whilst retaining highly durable characteristics for films annealed by FLA.
Syntheses of New Chiral Phosphane Ligands by Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition of Phosphides to Enantiomerically Pure Acceptor‐Substituted Olefins from the Chiral Pool (2005)

Abstract A variety of new chiral phosphanes were prepared by highly diastereoselective additions of phosphanes to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and related acceptor‐substituted olefins derived from myrtenal as ex chiral pool source. Monophosphanes with astereogenic as well as stereogenic phosphorus are described. In addition diphosphanes were prepared by a highly diastereoselective double conjugate addition of a secondary diphosphane. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Regulated expression of heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) in the human endometrium: A potential paracrine role during implantation (2002)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) is a recently identified member of the EGF growth factor family found to be expressed in the uterus of both mouse and human at the time of implantation. In the present study, we investigated the expression patterns of HB-EGF in normal cycling endometrium and compared its expression with the fertility-associated endometrial epithelial biomarkers alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and homeobox gene, HOXA-10. RNase protection assay (RPA) using RNA made from endometrium collected from different phases of the menstrual cycle demonstrated increased HB-EGF expression during the mid-secretory phase, a pattern similar to, but slightly preceding the expression of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and HOXA-10. In vitro studies demonstrated stimulation of HB-EGF expression by estradiol-17beta (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) alone or in combination in stromal cells. Combined treatment with E(2) + P(4) was, however, required to stimulate epithelial HB-EGF expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated the ability of HB-EGF to stimulate epithelial expression of the key endometrial proteins including LIF, HOXA-10, and the beta(3) integrin subunit. Each has previously been demonstrated to be an important epithelial biomarker expressed during the implantation window. In addition, conditioned media from endometrial stromal cells treated with E(2) + P(4) + relaxin mimicked the stimulatory effect of HB-EGF on epithelial expression of the beta(3) integrin subunit. The stimulatory effect of the stromal-conditioned medium was blocked by antibodies that neutralize a known receptor for HB-EGF. These data suggest that uterine receptivity may be regulated in part by the stromal-derived HB-EGF.
Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Host−Pathogen Interactions: The Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipids (2008)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is an intracellular pathogen possessing a complex mixture of cell wall lipids that are thought to modulate the activities of host macrophages. In this study, we employed two state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic approaches, metabolic labeling SILAC and chemical isobaric tagging iTRAQ, to study changes in macrophage protein expression in response to exposure to M. tuberculosis lipids. From a total of 1286 proteins identified, 463 were discovered by both isotope-labeling strategies at a high consistency, and the rest of proteins were detected by only one of the two approaches. Upon exposure to mycobacterial cell wall lipids, 166 macrophage proteins showed differential expression. These included proteins involved in the immune response, oxidation and reduction, and vesicle transport, as well as other cellular processes. The response of the macrophage proteome to M. tuberculosis lipids reflects the cell's innate defense mechanisms as well as lipid-induced processes that may benefit the pathogen.
Targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase with recombinant lentivector is highly effective to stimulate antitumor CD8 T-cell immunity in vivo (2010)

The success of active immunotherapy is based on the vaccine's ability to overcome immune tolerance through recalibrating the immune system so that it is able to recognize tumor antigens as foreign rather than self. In this study, we used a lentiviral vector system to target human telomerase reverse transcriptase (lv-hTERT), a widely expressed tumor antigen. Immunization of HLA-A*0201 transgenic HHD mice with recombinant lv-hTERT vector induces potent and diversified cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses that recognize in vitro murine tumor cells, which overexpress telomerase. Compared with peptide-based vaccinations, the lv-hTERT vector triggers better and more sustained CD8(+) T-cell response against self/TERT epitope in vivo. The study found that the additional use of a heterologous boosted vaccination drastically improves self/TERT-specific CD8 responses in lv-hTERT primed mice. Both primary and long-lasting self/TERT-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses induced with Iv-hTERT vector required the presence of CD4 T cells in vivo. This lv-hTERT-based active immunotherapy efficiently inhibits the growth of telomerase expressing tumors (B16/HLA-A2.1 murine melanoma) in HHD mice. These data show that targeting hTERT with lentivector is highly effective in stimulating a broad range of CD8 T-cell immunity that can be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
BPIFA1 regulates lung neutrophil recruitment and interferon signaling during acute inflammation (2018)

Bpifa1 (BPI fold-containing group A member 1) is an airway host-protective protein with immunomodulatory properties that binds to LPS and is regulated by infectious and inflammatory signals. Differential expression of Bpifa1 has been widely reported in lung disease, yet the biological significance of this observation is unclear. We sought to understand the role of Bpifa1 fluctuations in modulating lung inflammation. We treated wild-type (WT) and Bpifa1<sup>-/-</sup> mice with intranasal LPS and performed immunological and transcriptomic analyses of lung tissue to determine the immune effects of Bpifa1 deficiency. We show that neutrophil (polymorphonuclear cells, PMNs) lung recruitment and transmigration to the airways in response to LPS is impaired in Bpifa1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a signature of 379 genes that differentiated Bpifa1<sup>-/-</sup> from WT mice. During acute lung inflammation, the most downregulated genes in Bpifa1<sup>-/-</sup> mice were Cxcl9 and Cxcl10. Bpifa1<sup>-/-</sup> mice had lower bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10) and Cxcl9, interferon-inducible PMN chemokines. This was consistent with lower expression of IFNγ, IFNλ, downstream IFN-stimulated genes, and IFN-regulatory factors, which are important for the innate immune response. Administration of Cxcl10 before LPS treatment restored the inflammatory response in Bpifa1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Our results identify a novel role for Bpifa1 in the regulation of Cxcl10-mediated PMN recruitment to the lungs via IFNγ and -λ signaling during acute inflammation.
Magic desk (2011)

Despite the prominence of multi-touch technologies, there has been little work investigating its integration into the desktop environment. Bringing multi-touch into desktop computing would give users an additional input channel to leverage, enriching the current interaction paradigm dominated by a mouse and keyboard. We provide two main contributions in this domain. First, we describe the results from a study we performed, which systematically evaluates the various potential regions within the traditional desktop configuration that could become multi-touch enabled. The study sheds light on good or bad regions for multi-touch, and also the type of input most appropriate for each of these regions. Second, guided by the results from our study, we explore the design space of multi-touch-integrated desktop experiences. A set of new interaction techniques are coherently integrated into a desktop prototype, called Magic Desk, demonstrating potential uses for multi-touch enabled desktop configurations.
Ha Controller for Vehicle Lateral Control under Fault in Front or Rear Sensors (2001)

This paper presents the design of lateral controllers for ' automated vehicles under specific sensor fault. The specific fault refers to the failure of-one of the two sets of sensors on-board the vehicle which are critical to vehicle lateral control. The aim of the controller design is to accomplish sound performance with the remaining set of sensors. The current vehicle lateral controller, which works with the two sets of sensors, is examined and its ineffectiveness under sensor failures is described. Controllers with one set of sensors are designed using the H, optimal control theory. Two controllers are derived, each using one set of the two sets of sensors. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controllers.
A multi-agent reinforcement learning model of common-pool resource appropriation (2017)

Humanity faces numerous problems of common-pool resource appropriation. This class of multi-agent social dilemma includes the problems of ensuring sustainable use of fresh water, common fisheries, grazing pastures, and irrigation systems. Abstract models of common-pool resource appropriation based on non-cooperative game theory predict that self-interested agents will generally fail to find socially positive equilibria—a phenomenon called the tragedy of the commons. However, in reality, human societies are sometimes able to discover and implement stable cooperative solutions. Decades of behavioral game theory research have sought to uncover aspects of human behavior that make this possible. Most of that work was based on laboratory experiments where participants only make a single choice: how much to appropriate. Recognizing the importance of spatial and temporal resource dynamics, a recent trend has been toward experiments in more complex real-time video game like environments. However, standard methods of noncooperative game theory can no longer be used to generate predictions for this case. Here we show that deep reinforcement learning can be used instead. To that end, we study the emergent behavior of groups of independently learning agents in a partially observed Markov game modeling common-pool resource appropriation.&#13;\nOur experiments highlight the importance of trial-and-error learning in commonpool resource appropriation and shed light on the relationship between exclusion,&#13;\nsustainability, and inequality.
Active and Passive Mechanisms Drive Secretory Granule Biogenesis during Differentiation of the Intestinal Parasite Giardia lamblia (2006)

The parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia undergoes important changes to survive outside the intestine of its host by differentiating into infective cysts. During encystation, three cyst wall proteins (CWPs) are specifically expressed and concentrated within encystation-specific secretory vesicles (ESVs). ESVs are electron-dense secretory granules that transport CWPs before exocytosis and extracellular polymerization into a rigid cyst wall. Because secretory granules form at the trans-Golgi in higher eukaryotes and because Giardia lacks an identifiable Golgi apparatus, the aim of this work was to investigate the molecular basis of secretory granule formation in Giardia by examining the role of CWPs in this process. Although CWP1, CWP2, and CWP3 are structurally similar in their 26-kDa leucine-rich overlapping region, CWP2 is distinguished by the presence of a 13-kDa C-terminal basic extension. In non-encysting trophozoites, expression of different CWP chimeras showed that the CWP2 basic extension is necessary for biogenesis of ESVs, which occurs in a compartment derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. Nevertheless, the CWP2 basic extension per se is insufficient to trigger ESV formation, indicating that other domains in CWPs are also required. We found that CWP2 is a key regulator of ESV formation by acting as an aggregation factor for CWP1 and CWP3 through interactions mediated by its conserved region. CWP2 also acts as a ligand for sorting via its C-terminal basic extension. These findings show that granule biogenesis requires complex interactions among granule components and membrane receptors.
1P2-T03 Lessons to Make Objective Robots Using Arduino Microcontrollers(Manufacturing Education and Mechatronics/Enjoy Mechatronics DIY) (2014)

Lessons about robots for junior high school students were opened in summer. In the lessons, students made robots to achieve a certain objective in collaboration with a team. In this paper, the contents of the lessons and the questionnaire are shown.
NMR solution structure of human parathyroid hormone(1-34) (1993)

The aqueous solution structure of the biologically-active N-terminal domain of human parathyroid hormone (residues 1-34) was studied by two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy, distance geometry, and dynamic simulated annealing. Unambiguous NMR assignments of all backbone and side chain hydrogens were made with the aid of totally correlated spectroscopy experiments, which provided through-bond 1H-1H connectivities, and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, which provided through-space and sequential backbone connectivities. The NMR data acquired were utilized in a distance geometry algorithm to generate a family of structures which were then refined using dynamic simulated annealing. The major structural feature evident is alpha-helix extending from residues Glu4 to Lys13 and from Val21 to Gln29 with a turn incorporating Asn16-Glu19 resulting in a quite globular C-terminal domain with a hydrophobic core comprising Leu15, Leu18, Trp23, and Val31. Structure-activity studies are interpreted in terms of the deduced conformation of the PTH structure with particular reference to the likely PTH receptor binding site formed primarily by the bulk of the C-terminal helix.
Hard Handoff Scheme Exploiting Uplink and Downlink Signals in IEEE 802.16e Systems (2006)

We consider hard handoff scheme based on uplink and downlink signals in IEEE 802.16e systems. To exploit the channel reciprocity in TDD systems, the proposed scheme triggers handoff initiation process using uplink signal. A serving base station monitors uplink traffic signal and triggers handoff process when the uplink signal strength or SINR becomes less than the predetermined level. This process can prevent mobile stations from periodically monitoring and reporting downlink signals of neighbor base stations at the non-handoff region. In the handoff decision process, the proposed scheme exploits not only uplink signal but also downlink signal as the handoff criteria to reduce ping-pong and outage probability. To efficiently combine uplink and downlink signal levels, the proposed scheme adopt an uplink and downlink joint hysteresis to determine a handoff direction. Using the joint hysteresis can reduce the outage probability compared with using uplink and downlink hysteresis independently. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using computer simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the conventional mobile assisted handoff scheme of IEEE 802.16e in terms of the average number of handoff and the outage probability during handoff
Crack closure mechanisms in residual stress fields generated by laser shock peening: A combined experimental-numerical approach (2019)

Laser shock peening (LSP) is successfully applied to retard fatigue cracks in metallic lightweight structures by introducing specific, in particular compressive, residual stress fields. In this work, experiments and a multi-step simulation strategy are used to explain the fatigue crack retarding and accelerating mechanisms within these LSP-induced residual stress fields. Crack face contact is identified as main mechanism to retard the fatigue crack as the stress distribution changes and the stress intensity factor range decreases. Crack face contact is experimentally detected by load vs. crack opening displacement (COD) curves and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the crack faces, as well as during numerical simulations. The convincing agreement between experiment and simulation, especially regarding the specific crack face contact areas, allowed the proper evaluation of the stress intensity factors depending on the crack length. It is found that crack closure is indeed one of the main reasons for the efficient application of LSP for fatigue crack retardation. Furthermore, the occurrence of crack closure does not indicate a zero value stress intensity factor in complex residual stress fields, as the areas of crack face contact depend strongly on the LSP-induced compressive residual stresses.
The effect of a lateral hydroxy substituent on the thermal stability of the chiral smectic C phase (1994)

Abstract This article describes how the inclusion and positioning of a lateral hydroxy group influences the thermal stability of a chiral smectic C phase. An off-central position of the hydroxy group in the aromatic core has the effect of enhancing the thermal stability of the chiral smectic C phase, whereas a central position of the hydroxy group destabilizes it to the extent that there is no evidence for the phase being present. The results indicate that a hydroxy group ortho- to an ester function gives intra- rather than inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. The effects seen with lateral and terminal hydroxy groups are compared with those for analogous fluoro-substituted systems.