gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adapting Genetic Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems in Dynamic Environments (2008)

The island based model proves to be effective under different dynamics. Although statistical analysis suggest that these benefits are not significant under some problem dynamics, this model can be more rewarding if several processors are employed. With each island allocated to a different processor, the per processor computational costs are reduced significantly. The problem of parameter tuning is aggravated with dynamic environments, as a result of the increased problem complexity and the increased number of algorithm parameters; however, by using diversity to control the EA parameters, the models developed in this article had significantly reduced tuning efforts. There are several ways in which the developed models can be applied and improved: ? The effectiveness of the developed methods on the TSP and FMS problems encourages their application to other problems, such as intelligent transportation systems, engine parameter control, scheduling of airline maintenance, and dynamic network routing. ? Diversity controlled models can use operator-specific diversity measures so that each operator is controlled by its respective diversity measure, i.e., based on algorithmic distance. Future work that is worth exploring involves using adaptive limits of diversity for the models presented in this article.
An investigation of document aesthetics for web-to-print repurposing of small-medium business marketing collateral (2010)

Businesses have traditionally relied on different types of media to communicate with existing and potential customers. With the emergence of the Web, the relation between the use of print and electronic media has continually evolved. In this paper, we investigate one possible scenario that combines the use of the Web and print. Specifically, we consider the scenario where a small- or medium-sized business (SMB) has an existing web site from which they wish to pull content to create a print piece. Our assumption is that the web site was developed by a professional designer, working in conjunction with the business owner or marketing team, and that it contains a rich assembly of content that is presented in an aesthetically pleasing manner. Our goal is to understand the process that a designer would follow to create an effective and aesthetically pleasing print piece. We are particularly interested to understand the choices made by the designer with respect to placement and size of the text and graphic elements on the page. Toward this end, we conducted an experiment in which professional designers worked with SMBs to create print pieces from their respective web pages. In this paper, we report our findings from this experiment, and examine the underlying conclusions regarding the resulting document aesthetics in the context of the existing design, and engineering and computer science literatures that address this topic
Role of Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Traumatic Spinal Injury Surgery (2023)

3.
Redshift of few-cycle infrared pulses in the filamentation regime (2011)

By focusing infrared (IR) pulses of low energy (∼0.4 mJ) into an argon cell at a pressure of a few bars, a supercontinuum is generated with a longwavelength tail that can exceed 1500 nm for initial pulse durations of ∼5 fs in the single-filamentation regime. Numerical calculations simulating the propagation of single- or few-cycle IR pulses show that this red-shift is enhanced by a sharp leading edge appearing in the pulse temporal profile, as the pulse undergoes break-up due to the interplay between Kerr self-focusing, strong dispersion and plasma generation. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Exploiting sparsity during the detection of high-order QAM signals in large dimension MIMO systems (2014)

This paper proposes a detector for large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems for 16-QAM constellation and channel knowledge at the receiver. The detector is composed of multiple stages. During the first stage, linear MMSE filter is employed and nearest neighbor quantization is performed resulting in a sub-optimal estimate. In the second stage, the residual in the measurement vector is calculated and the subsequent detector works on the error vector which has additional structure. The error vector is often sparse (has few non-zero components) with the all-zero and lowest energy errors having the largest priors. Large number of antennas reduces the dependencies between error and noise vectors and allows the residual detection problem to be modeled as a linear inverse problem with sparse regularizer. The familiar sparse structure motivates the application of Sparse Bayesian Learning method in the detection. The resulting detector shows promise: the SNR gain over MMSE receiver is ~ 10 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for 16-QAM 16 × 16 system.
Apparent Pacemaker Failure due to Reversion Circuitry within the Programming Device (1984)

While being evaluated for a recurrent tachyarrhythmia, a patient with a permanent pacemaker underwent reprogramming of the unit from the DVI to the VVI mode for assessment of the underlying rhythm. Subsequent reprogramming of the pacemaker to the DVI or DDD mode was impossible despite multiple attempts and the use of multiple programmers. The problem was considered to be a malfunction of the pacemaker circuitry, and plans were made for the pacemaker to be explanted and a replacement unit implanted. Before the procedure, the pacemaker company was notified of the explantation. We subsequently learned that a special programming sequence had to be carried out because of reversion circuitry present in the pacemaker but not described in the available literature. This report emphasizes the need for familiarity with each of the individual pacemakers being implanted and the need for the manufacturer to be as specific as possible given the complexity of current units.
Dimensional Control and Formability in Impact Forming (2010)

Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high speed forming technique that can be used for embossing fine surface features onto sheet metals. Here two coupled experimental and analytical studies show how interface conditions including rebound and friction affect the ability to create a component in impact forming. In the first part of this work high velocity is generated with the Uniform Pressure Actuator (UPA) and impact with a die emboss fine features in a nominally flat component. The primary objective of this work is to develop a modelling facility that guides experimental design nominally flat grooved components. Both shape fidelity and formability aspects are presently considered. In a second short study expansion of a round tube into a square hole is considered. Traditional modelling techniques solve a coupled system of equations with spatially varying electromagnetic fluxes controlling the dynamics of the plastic deformation. Because the magnetic pressure is spatially uniform, the flux equations are obviated from the coupled system rendering them computationally efficient. The calibration of contact mechanics that influence the rebound behaviour of the sheet metal remains as a difficult issue. The interfaces between various sheet metals and the metal die play a critical role in controlling the shape of the final product. The characterization of such an interface using appropriate calibrated friction coefficients is assessed. The role of magnetic pressure in reducing the sheet metal rebound is demonstrated via a comparison between results from mechanical and electromagnetic simulations. The influence of the channel geometry on final shape is illustrated through simulation and experiments.
All-fibre-optic clock recovery from non-return-to-zeroformat data (1998)

The authors demonstrate an all-optical clock recovery scheme from non-return-to-zero format data, with an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a mode-locked Er-doped fibre laser. Since this scheme consists of an all-fibre device, the clock recovery bandwidth can extend to the terahertz region. Such all-optical clock recovery techniques will find application in ultra-high speed all-optical communication systems.
Holographic Laser Radar (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text JOSEPH C. MARRON and KIRK S. SCHROEDER, "Holographic Laser Radar," Optics & Photonics News 4(12), 17-18 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Extending optical lithography with immersion (2004)

As the semiconductor industry looks to the future to extend manufacturing beyond 100nm, ASML have developed a new implementation of an old optical method for lithography. Immersion lithography can support the aggressive industry roadmap and offers the ability to manufacture semiconductor devices at a low k1. In order to make immersion lithography a production worthy technology a number of challenges have to be overcome. This paper provides the results of our feasibility study on immersion lithography. We show through experimental and theoretical evaluation that we can overcome the critical concerns related to immersion lithography. We show results from liquid containment tests focussing on its effects on the scan speed of the system and the formation of micro-bubbles in the fluid. We present fluid-to-resist compatibility tests on resolution, using a custom-built interference setup. Ultimate resolution is tested using a home build 2 beam interference setup. ASML built a prototype full field scanning exposure system based on the dual stage TWINSCAN platform. It features a full field 0.75 NA refractive projection lens. We present experimental data on imaging and overlay.
Impact of the Variable Killer Ig-Like Receptor–Human Leukocyte Antigen Interactions on Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity Toward Foreign CD4 T Cells (2018)

We demonstrate differences in the activating effect of KIR-HLA incompatibility according to the KIR involved, with KIR2DL1 as the strongest responder. An activating KIR haplotype optimized the contribution of KIR-HLA-incompatible NK cells in the total NK cell response.
P2‐098: COMPARISON OF TWO PLATFORMS QUANTITATING FG/ML NEUROLOGICAL BIOMARKERS USING SINGLE MOLECULE ARRAYS AND DIGITAL ELISA: THE BENCHTOP READER SR‐X™ AND THE FULLY AUTOMATED ANALYZER HD‐1™ (2018)

Digital ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) based on single molecule arrays (Simoa) has improved sensitivity of traditional ELISA from picomolar (10−12 M) to femtomolar (10−15 M), increasing the quality and quantity of biomarkers that can be measured for health and disease. Digital ELISA counts signal generated from single immunocomplexes formed on superparamagnetic beads confined in arrays of femtoliter-sized wells in which fluorescent molecules are highly concentrated. We have commercialized digital ELISA in a fully-automated instrument (Simoa HD-1 Analyzer), ideal for use in pharmaceutical companies, drug discovery, clinical research and other areas necessitating full automation and high throughput. We have recently launched the SR-X benchtop reader, with a smaller footprint and more flexible workflow. Operators prepare assays in microtiter plates at the bench in a semi-automated format similar to traditional ELISA, with the notable exception that plates are preserved by drying after assay completion, and can be read immediately or the next day. We have so far compared performance of the following Simoa assays on SR-X to HD-1: Tau; P-Tau 181; Neurofilament-light; AB40, AB42, and a neurology multiplex panel consisting of NF-L, tau, GFAP and UCH-L1. Measured sample levels correlated with R2 values from 0.96 to 1.00, with average LOD and LLOQ within 1.4 and 1.5 fold of HD-1, respectively. Inter-assay precision ranged from 4.0 to 11.2% CV across assays. Operators tested full-plates from start to finish within 1 – 2 hours (1/2 hour hands on time) and a read time of 2 hours (5 minutes hands on time). The semi-automated sample prep workflow of the benchtop SR-X system demonstrated good correlation with the fully-automated instrument measuring in serum, plasma and CSF samples.
Kinetic gravimetric sorption of low volatility gases and vapors in polymers (2003)

A kinetic gravimetric sorption apparatus for measuring solubility and diffusivity of low vapor pressure gases and vapors in polymers and other sorbents is described. Sorption and transport data for toluene vapor in poly(dimethyl siloxane) at 25 °C are provided to illustrate the method. These data were obtained by measuring the kinetic uptake of a mixture of carrier gas and toluene vapor and, for comparison, pure toluene vapor at the same thermodynamic activity. Excellent agreement was observed between toluene solubility and diffusivity values obtained from these two different experiments. In the mixture sorption experiments, the type of carrier gas (helium or nitrogen) had no effect on measured toluene solubility and diffusion coefficients.
Laboratory EXAFS by Fluorescence Detection (1990)

It is demonstrated that a slight modification of a laboratory EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) spectrometer for fluorescence detection can greatly lower the limit of dilution. It can also extend samples studied to thin films on X-ray opaque substrates. Basically the system consists of a laboratory EXAFS spectrometer eguipped with two NaI scintillation counters combined with filters, and an SSD (solid state detector). Optimum experimental conditions are chosen by monitoring the output of the SSD, and then scintillation counters are used for measurements by making use of the large aperture. The performance of this system was tested by dilute aqueous solutions of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , 1000 and 5000 A thick iron film deposited on glass substrates, a 6 mM solution of octaethylporphyrin iron (III) chloride (Fe(OEP)Cl).
Development of a sustained‐release system for perivascular delivery of dipyridamole (2005)

Vascular access grafts implanted in dialysis patients are prone to failure in the long-term because of stenosis and occlusion caused by neointimal hyperplasia. Local delivery of antiproliferative drugs may be effective to prevent this consequence while minimizing the systemic side effects they cause. We developed a combination of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres with ReGel, an injectable copolymer, as a sustained-release system for perivascular delivery of an antiproliferative drug, dipyridamole. Dipyridamole-incorporated PLGA microspheres with various molecular weights (MWs) of PLGA were prepared by oil-in-water emulsion method. Encapsulation efficiency and surface morphology of microspheres were characterized. In vitro release kinetics of dipyridamole from ReGel or from microspheres/ReGel was experimentally determined. Without microspheres, 40% of the dipyridamole was released from ReGel as an initial burst in the first 3 days followed by continuous release in the subsequent 2 weeks. The use of PLGA microspheres decreased the initial burst and extended dipyridamole release from 23 to 35 days with increasing MW of PLGA. The highest MW PLGA showed a lag time of 17 days before consistent drug release occurred. Mixing microspheres and ReGel with two different MW PLGA achieved a continuous release for 35 days with little initial burst. In vivo release of dipyridamole from microspheres/ReGel exhibited a comparable release pattern to that seen in vitro. This injectable platform is a promising technique for sustained perivascular delivery of antiproliferative drugs.
Efficient generation of cavitation bubbles and reactive oxygen species using triggered high-intensity focused ultrasound sequence for sonodynamic treatment (2016)

Abstract Sonodynamic treatment is a method of treating cancer using reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cavitation bubbles in collaboration with a sonosensitizer at a target tissue. In this treatment method, both localized ROS generation and ROS generation with high efficiency are important. In this study, a triggered high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) sequence, which consists of a short, extremely high intensity pulse immediately followed by a long, moderate-intensity burst, was employed for the efficient generation of ROS. In experiments, a solution sealed in a chamber was exposed to a triggered HIFU sequence. Then, the distribution of generated ROS was observed by the luminol reaction, and the amount of generated ROS was quantified using KI method. As a result, the localized ROS generation was demonstrated by light emission from the luminol reaction. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the triggered HIFU sequence has higher efficiency of ROS generation by both the KI method and the luminol reaction emission.
The High-grade (WHO G3) Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Category Is Morphologically and Biologically Heterogenous and Includes Both Well Differentiated and Poorly Differentiated Neoplasms (2015)

The 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification recommends that pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) be graded on the basis of the mitotic rate and Ki67 index, with grade 2 (G2) PanNETs defined as having a mitotic rate of 2 to 20 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields or a Ki67 index of 3% to 20%. Grade 3 (G3) pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is defined as having >20 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields or a Ki67 index of >20%. However, some PanNETs show discordance between the mitotic rate and Ki67 index, usually having a Ki67 index in the G3 range but a mitotic rate suggesting G2, prompting us to examine the clinical significance of the Ki67 index in a large series of clinically well-characterized mitotic G2 PanNETs. Mitotic G2 well differentiated PanNETs, surgically resected at our institutions were reviewed. Of those, 19 cases had a Ki67>20% and were selected as the study group of grade-discordant (mitotic count G2/Ki67 index G3) PanNETs. For comparison, 53 grade-concordant (both mitotic count and Ki67 index G2) PanNETs matched for presenting stage with the discordant group as well as 43 morphologically poorly differentiated (either small cell or large cell type) pancreatic NECs were also included. The percentage of Ki67-positive neoplastic cells was quantified by manual counting of at least 500 cells on printed photographic images of "hot spots." The mean Ki67 index for grade-concordant and grade-discordant PanNETs and poorly differentiated NECs were 8.1% (range, 3% to 20%), 40% (range, 24% to 80%), and 70% (range, 40% to 98%), respectively. Overall, patients with grade-discordant PanNETs had significantly longer survival time compared with the patients with poorly differentiated NEC (median survival of 54.1 vs. 11 mo and 5 y survival of 29.1% vs. 16.1%; P=0.002). In addition, the survival time of the patients with grade-discordant PanNETs was shorter than that of the patients with grade-concordant PanNETs (median survival of 67.8 mo and 5 y survival of 62.4%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.2). Our data support the notion that the mitotic rate and Ki67 index-based grades of PanNETs can be discordant, and when the Ki67 index indicates G3, the clinical outcome is slightly worse. More importantly, we demonstrate that well differentiated PanNETs that are G3 by Ki67 are significantly less aggressive than bona fide poorly differentiated NECs, suggesting that the current WHO G3 category is heterogenous, contains 2 distinct neoplasms, and can be further separated into well differentiated PanNET with an elevated proliferation rate and poorly differentiated NEC.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroamination of Unactivated Internal Olefins to Aliphatic Amines. (2015)

Abstract Enantiopure alpha‐aliphatic amines are obtained by a copper‐catalyzed hydroamination reaction of unactivated internal olefins.
Author response: Collateral deletion of the mitochondrial AAA+ ATPase ATAD1 sensitizes cancer cells to proteasome dysfunction (2022)

Cancer cells have often lost genetic sequences that control when and how cell division takes place. Deleting these genes, however, is not an exact art, and neighboring sequences regularly get removed in the process. For example, the loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, the second most deleted gene in cancer, frequently involves the removal of the nearby ATAD1 gene. While hundreds of thousands of human tumors completely lack ATAD1, individuals born without a functional version of this gene do not survive past early childhood. How can tumor cells cope without ATAD1 – and could these coping strategies become the target for new therapies? Winter et al. aimed to answer these questions by examining a variety of cancer cells lacking ATAD1 in the laboratory. Under normal circumstances, the enzyme that this gene codes for sits at the surface of mitochondria, the cellular compartments essential for energy production. There, it extracts any faulty, defective proteins that may otherwise cause havoc and endanger mitochondrial health. Experiments revealed that without ATAD1, cancer cells started to rely more heavily on an alternative mechanism to remove harmful proteins: the process centers on MARCH5, an enzyme which tags molecules that require removal so the cell can recycle them. Drugs that block the pathway involving MARCH5 already exist, but they have so far been employed to treat other types of tumors. Winter et al. showed that using these compounds led to the death of cancerous ATAD1-deficient cells, including in human tumors grown in mice. Overall, this work demonstrates that cancer cells which have lost ATAD1 become more vulnerable to disruptions in the protein removal pathway mediated by MARCH5, including via already existing drugs. If confirmed by further translational work, these findings could have important clinical impact given how frequently PTEN and ATAD1 are lost together in cancer.
Low-grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma Presenting Clinically as a Primary Ovarian Neoplasm (2007)

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is an uncommon, deceptively bland mesenchymal neoplasm that typically occurs in the deep soft tissues of the proximal extremities of young to middle-aged patients. Intra-abdominal low-grade fibromyxoid sarcomas are distinctly rare. We describe the first reported example of this sarcoma involving the ovary. The 42-year-old patient presented with progressing abdominal pain and urinary frequency. Computed tomographic imaging of the abdomen and pelvis showed a 14-cm left-sided pelvic mass. The patient underwent surgical resection and, intraoperatively, a left ovarian mass was identified that extended to both the left hypogastric artery and the left ureter. The resected specimen consisted of a 17-cm tan, fleshy mass containing grossly recognizable nodules of gelatinous, myxoid tissue and a small rim of normal ovary. Microscopic examination of the neoplasm revealed a cytologically bland spindle cell proliferation set in a collagenized stroma that abruptly transitioned to nodules of a myxoid stroma with a well-formed capillary vasculature, features characteristic of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. On the basis of the diagnosis, the patient was clinically staged as a retroperitoneal sarcoma with secondary ovarian involvement. The patient has stable residual disease 11 months postoperatively. This case adds to the literature of intra-abdominal low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and expands the list of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms that may involve the ovary.