gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Force in the Connection Line for a Wave Energy Converter: Simulation and Measurement Experimental Setup (2014)

In order to capture ocean wave energy and transform it into electric energy, Uppsala University has developed a point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) for electricity production. For a better understanding of a torus shaped buoy’s performance, this paper conducts a force analysis under linear conditions, to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristic and line force differences between the torus buoy that is going to be deployed, and two similar cylindrical buoys. The result reveals the line force from this torus buoy is roughly 5% larger than from cylindrical buoys for the most energy dense wave climate in Lysekil test site, and negative added mass phenomena won’t have a significant impact for the line force. To measure the line force, a force measurement system has been designed. A detailed description is given on the design of the 500 kN force measurement system, and the major differences compared with former force measurement systems. Onshore test result has also been presented. With the force measurement experiment, hydrodynamic analysis for torus buoy can be validated when the system performs linearly, and extreme force for storm weather can be monitored to provide information for future WEC structure’s mechanical design.
Fully spatially coherent EUV source for coherent imaging applications (2002)

We present measurements of the coherence of EUV light generated using the process of high-harmonic upconversion of light from a femtosecond laser 1 . We show that, by using a phase-matched hollow-fiber geometry, the EUV light generated exhibits the highest inherent spatial coherence of any source in this region of the spectrum to date. This source generates approximately 10 12 photons/sec in a fraction of an eV FWHM bandwidth around 31eV. Since this source exhibits full spatial coherence at very short wavelength, this light source represents the smallest inherent effective source-size of any light source yet created.
Biomechanical forces promote blood development through prostaglandin E2and the cAMP–PKA signaling axis (2015)

The establishment of intra-aortic blood flow after initiation of the heartbeat coincides with a crucial period in development when a switch occurs from primitive to adult-type definitive hematopoiesis (Dzierzak and Speck, 2008).We and others have shown that the mechanical forces induced by blood flow play a fundamental role in the emergence and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region (Adamo et al., 2009;North et al., 2009).Functional HSCs and precursors with potential for HSC formation (pre-HSCs) have been
Three-Dimensional Screw Divergence and Sagittal Balance. A Biomechanical and Morphometric Study (1996)

Three-Dimensional Screw Divergence and Sagittal Balance. A Biomechanical and Morphometric Study
Data from Real-time, Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with an Optimized Dye/Light Source/Camera Combination for Surgical Guidance of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a surface glycoprotein overexpressed on malignant prostate cells, as well as in the neovasculature of many tumors. Recent efforts to target PSMA for imaging prostate cancer rely on suitably functionalized low-molecular-weight agents. YC-27 is a low-molecular-weight, urea-based agent that enables near-infrared (NIR) imaging of PSMA &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We have developed and validated a laparoscopic imaging system (including an optimized light source, LumiNIR) that is capable of imaging small tumor burdens with minimal background fluorescence in real-time laparoscopic extirpative surgery of small prostate tumor xenografts in murine and porcine models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In a mouse model, we demonstrate the feasibility of using real-time NIR laparoscopic imaging to detect and surgically remove PSMA-positive xenografts. We then validate the use of our laparoscopic real-time NIR imaging system in a large animal model. Our novel light source, which is optimized for YC-27, is capable of detecting as little as 12.4 pg/mL of the compound (2.48-pg YC-27 in 200-μL agarose). Finally, in a mouse xenograft model, we demonstrate that the use of real-time NIR imaging can reduce positive surgical margins (PSM).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These data indicate that a NIR-emitting fluorophore targeted to PSMA may allow improved surgical treatment of human prostate cancer, reduce the rate of PSMs, and alleviate the need for adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 771–80. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Investigation of the threshold voltage instability after distributed cycling in nanoscale NAND Flash memory arrays (2010)

This paper presents a detailed experimental investigation of the cycling-induced threshold voltage instability of deca-nanometer NAND Flash arrays, focusing on its dependence on cycling time and temperature. When the array is brought to a programmed state after cycling, instability mainly shows up as a negative shift of its threshold voltage cumulative distribution, increasing with time and resulting from partial recovery of cell damage created in the previous cycling period. The threshold voltage loss displays a strong dependence not only on the tunnel oxide electric field during retention, but also on the cycling conditions. In particular, performing cycling over a longer time interval or at higher temperatures delays the threshold voltage transients on the logarithmic time axis. The delay factor is studied as a function of the cycling duration and temperature on 60 and 41 nm technologies, extracting the parameter values required for a universal damage-recovery metric for NAND.
Towards A Rigorous Evaluation Of XAI Methods On Time Series (2019)

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are typically deployed to explain and debug black-box machine learning models. However, most proposed XAI methods are black-boxes themselves and designed for images. Thus, they rely on visual interpretability to evaluate and prove explanations. In this work, we apply XAI methods previously used in the image and text-domain on time series. We present a methodology to test and evaluate various XAI methods on time series by introducing new verification techniques to incorporate the temporal dimension. We further conduct preliminary experiments to assess the quality of selected XAI method explanations with various verification methods on a range of datasets and inspecting quality metrics on it. We demonstrate that in our initial experiments, SHAP works robust for all models, but others like DeepLIFT, LRP, and Saliency Maps work better with specific architectures.
Prognostic significance of LINE-1 hypomethylation in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with higher risk of early relapse in stage III-IVB OPSCC. Further validation in a prospective study is needed for its application in daily clinical practice.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Chlorides at Atmospheric Pressure: The Dual Role of Sodium Phenoxide (2007)

Kein Druck, kein Stress: Ein allgemein anwendbares, mildes System für die Pd-katalysierte Carbonylierng von Arylchloriden zu den entsprechenden Amiden wurde entwickelt. Der Katalysator enthält einen einfachen, luftstabilen und kommerziell erhältlichen Liganden und arbeitet bei 1 atm CO-Druck (siehe Schema, Cy=Cyclohexyl). Entscheidend ist der Zusatz von Natriumphenoxid, dessen Rolle durch In-situ-IR-Spektroskopie untersucht wurde.
Supplementary Video 3 from Endogenous Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Metabolic Changes Related to Enhanced Glycolysis and Glutamine Consumption in Precancerous Epithelial Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 970KB, Representative endogenous TPEF OPTICAL STACK HKcDR EETE.&lt;/p&gt;
Faculty Opinions recommendation of In vitro analysis of huntingtin-mediated transcriptional repression reveals multiple transcription factor targets. (2006)

Transcriptional dysregulation has emerged as a potentially important pathogenic mechanism in Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder associated with polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (htt) protein. Here, we report the development of a biochemically defined in vitro transcription assay that is responsive to mutant htt. We demonstrate that both gene-specific activator protein Sp1 and selective components of the core transcription apparatus, including TFIID and TFIIF, are direct targets inhibited by mutant htt in a polyglutamine-dependent manner. The RAP30 subunit of TFIIF specifically interacts with mutant htt both in vitro and in vivo to interfere with formation of the RAP30-RAP74 native complex. Importantly, overexpression of RAP30 in cultured primary striatal cells protects neurons from mutant htt-induced cellular toxicity and alleviates the transcriptional inhibition of the dopamine D2 receptor gene by mutant htt. Our results suggest a mutant htt-directed repression mechanism involving multiple specific components of the basal transcription apparatus. PMID: 16377565 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01NS050352 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01NS045242 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: CA025417
Supplementary Materials and Methods from The CARMA3–Bcl10–MALT1 Signalosome Drives NFκB Activation and Promotes Aggressiveness in Angiotensin II Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects of vernakalant and flecainide in dyssynchronous canine hearts (2014)

Vernakalant prolongs ventricular conduction less than flecainide, but both drugs had a similar, moderate negative effect on ventricular contractility and relaxation. Part of these reductions seems to be related to the increase in dyssynchrony.
Applied Affective Computing (2022)

Affective computing is a nascent field situated at the intersection of artificial intelligence with social and behavioral science. It studies how human emotions are perceived and expressed, which then informs the design of intelligent agents and systems that can either mimic this behavior to improve their intelligence or incorporate such knowledge to effectively understand and communicate with their human collaborators. Affective computing research has recently seen significant advances and is making a critical transformation from exploratory studies to real-world applications in the emerging research area known as applied affective computing. This book offers readers an overview of the state-of-the-art and emerging themes in affective computing, including a comprehensive review of the existing approaches to affective computing systems and social signal processing. It provides in-depth case studies of applied affective computing in various domains, such as social robotics and mental well-being. It also addresses ethical concerns related to affective computing and how to prevent misuse of the technology in research and applications. Further, this book identifies future directions for the field and summarizes a set of guidelines for developing next-generation affective computing systems that are effective, safe, and human-centered. For researchers and practitioners new to affective computing, this book will serve as an introduction to the field to help them in identifying new research topics or developing novel applications. For more experienced researchers and practitioners, the discussions in this book provide guidance for adopting a human-centered design and development approach to advance affective computing
S 2 I: a switched-current technique for high performance (1993)

A new switched-current memory cell is presented which enhances basic cell performance through successive refinement of the memorised sample. This is achieved in a two-step technique, called S2I, in which the input sample is coarsely memorised, a process which introduces a combination of all the normal errors, followed by detection and suppression of the combined errors. The circuit solution requires the addition to the basic memory cell of only extra switches and so carries few of the penalties associated with alternative techniques.
Wall Pressure Fluctuations and Flow Induced Noise in a Turbulent Boundary Layer over a Bump (2005)

Direct numerical simulations of a turbulent boundary layer over a bump were performed to examine the effects of surface longitudinal curvature on wall pressure fluctuations ().
In Situ Formation of Liquid Metals via Galvanic Replacement Reaction to Build Dendrite‐Free Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Batteries (2020)

Galvanic replacement reactions have been studied as a versatile route to synthesize nanostructured alloys. However, the galvanic replacement chemistry of alkali metals has rarely been explored. A protective interphase layer will be formed outside templates when the redox potential exceeds the potential windows of nonaqueous solutions, and the complex interfacial chemistry remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the formation of room-temperature liquid metal alloys of Na and K via galvanic replacement reaction. The fundamentals of the reaction at such low potentials are investigated via a combined experimental and computational method, which uncovers the critical role of solid-electrolyte interphase in regulating the migration of Na ions and thus the alloying reaction kinetics. With in situ formed NaK liquid alloys as an anode, the dendritic growth of alkali metals can be eliminated thanks to the deformable and self-healing features of liquid metals. The proof-of-concept battery delivers reasonable electrochemical performance, confirming the generality of this in situ approach and design principle for next-generation dendrite-free batteries.
Rehospitalization and suicide following electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar depression–A population-based register study (2017)

A history of multiple hospital admissions and lower age are key predictors of the composite of rehospitalization or suicide in patients treated with ECT for bipolar depression. Lithium might be effective. By contrast, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines were associated with increased risk, but possibly this finding was influenced by indication bias.
Structural Basis for Binding of Porphyrin to Human Telomeres, (2007)

Maintenance of telomere integrity is a hallmark of human cancer, and the single-stranded 3' ends of telomeric DNA are targets for small-molecule anticancer therapies. We report here the crystal structure of a bimolecular human telomeric quadruplex, of the sequence d(TAGGGTTAGGG), in a complex with the quadruplex-binding ligand 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP4) to a resolution of 2.09 A. The DNA quadruplex topology is parallel-stranded with external double-chain-reversal propeller loops, consistent with previous structural determinations. The porphyrin molecules bind by stacking onto the TTA nucleotides, either as part of the external loop structure or at the 5' region of the stacked quadruplex. This involves stacked on hydrogen-bonded base pairs, formed from those nucleotides not involved in the formation of G-tetrads, and there are thus no direct ligand interactions with G-tetrads. This is in accord with the relative nonselectivity by TMPyP4 for quadruplex DNAs compared to duplex DNA. Porphyrin binding is achieved by remodeling of loops compared to the ligand-free structures. Implications for the design of quadruplex-binding ligands are discussed, together with a model for the formation of anaphase bridges, which are observed following cellular treatment with TMPyP4.
Order parameters and time evolution of mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF by DNMR (2018)

Uniaxial order parameters of the nematic and columnar mesophases in the lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal Sunset Yellow FCF have been determined from deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance.
Methanol as an Oxygenated SOFC Fuel: An In Situ Optical Analysis of the Fuel Utilization Chemical Mechanism (2013)

Methanol utilization in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is studied with Fourier-transform IR emission spectroscopy and near-IR thermal imaging and the results are compared to the methane case. Adsorbed CO 2 is identified on the anode surface of the SOFCs with both fuels. The stronger surface CO 2 IR signal with methanol indicates more complete fuel oxidation. Methanol pyrolyzes to CO and H 2 , resulting in less carbon deposition than methane. The current dependence of surface and gas-phase species show methanol pyrolysis is more efficient at higher temperatures. These results provide clear mechanistic insight into fuel breakdown and oxidation in SOFCs.
Simple analytical and graphical methods for carrier-based PWM-VSI drives (1999)

This paper provides analytical and graphical methods for the study, performance evaluation and design of the modern carrier-based pulse width modulators (PWMs), which are widely employed in PWM voltage-source inverter (VSI) drives. Simple techniques for generating the modulation waves of the high-performance PWM methods are described. The two most important modulator characteristics-the current ripple and the switching losses-are analytically modeled. The graphical illustration of these often complex multivariable functions accelerate the learning process and help one understand the microscopic (per-carrier cycle) and macroscopic (per fundamental cycle) behavior of all the modern PWM methods. The analytical formulae and graphics are valuable educational tools. They also aid the design and implementation of the high-performance PWM methods.
Insulin-like 6 Is Induced by Muscle Injury and Functions as a Regenerative Factor (2010)

The insulin-like family of factors are involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes, but the function of the family member termed insulin-like 6 (Insl6) in skeletal muscle has not been reported. We show that Insl6 is a myokine that is up-regulated in skeletal muscle downstream of Akt signaling and in regenerating muscle in response to cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced injury. In the CTX injury model, myofiber regeneration was improved by the intramuscular or systemic delivery of an adenovirus expressing Insl6. Skeletal muscle-specific Insl6 transgenic mice exhibited normal muscle mass under basal conditions but elevated satellite cell activation and enhanced muscle regeneration in response to CTX injury. The Insl6-mediated regenerative response was associated with reductions in muscle cell apoptosis and reduced serum levels of creatine kinase M. Overexpression of Insl6 stimulated proliferation and reduced apoptosis in cultured myogenic cells. Conversely, knockdown of Insl6 reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. These data indicate that Insl6 is an injury-regulated myokine that functions as a myogenic regenerative factor.
Flexkit (2013)

Commercially available development platforms for flexible displays are not designed for rapid prototyping. To create a deformable interface, one that uses a functional flexible display, designers must be familiar with embedded hardware systems and corresponding programming. We introduce Flexkit, a platform that allows designers to rapidly prototype deformable applications. With Flexkit, designers can rapidly prototype using a thin-film electrophoretic display, one that is "Plug and Play". To demonstrate Flexkit's ease-of-use, we present its application in PaperTab's design iteration as a case study. We further discuss how dithering can be used to increase the frame rate of electrophoretic displays from 1fps to 5fps.
Innentitelbild: Protein Scaffold Engineering Towards Tunable Surface Attachment (Angew. Chem. 49/2009) (2009)

Protein-Engineering ist der Schlüssel zur Steuerung, Vorhersage und Manipulation von bioinspirierten Gerüsten auf spezifischen Oberflächen. In der Zuschrift auf S. 9454 ff. beschreiben D. Porath, O. Shoseyov et al. das selektive, gezielte und maßgeschneiderte Anbinden von Proteinen an Metall- oder Isolatoroberflächen. SP1, ein kürzlich entdecktes ringförmiges Protein, wurde gentechnisch so verändert, dass es je nach Lösungsmittel andere Bindungsstellen exponiert. Proteinmonoschichten können ohne Oberflächenmodifikation erzeugt werden.
Effects of nefiracetam (DM-9384), a pyrrolidone derivative, on brain monoamine systems. (1995)

The pyrrolidone cyclic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative nefiracetam [DM-9384; N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide] has been shown to enhance acquisition and ameliorate amnesia in different learning tasks in rodents. In the present study, the effects of nefiracetam on the brain monoamine systems were studied. Male, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with nefiracetam in single doses (0, 1, 3, 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and analyzed after 1 and 4 hr, or treated by daily doses (0, 1, 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg, p.o.) for 2 weeks. In general, no or only weak effects were observed on tissue monoamine levels, either following acute or 14 days treatment with nefiracetam. Acute administration of intermediate doses of nefiracetam induced minor increases in dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) tissue levels in the striatum, while hypothalamic 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) decreased at 1 hr. Noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels increased in some regions after higher doses of nefiracetam. Increases in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were also seen at 4 hr, but only after the 3 mg/kg dose. Minor decreases of HVA and DOPAC levels were seen in some regions after treatment with various doses of nefiracetam for 14 days, while an increase in 5-HT levels was observed occasionally. Using in vivo microdialysis in freely moving animals, no significant effects on extracellular levels of HVA, DOPAC and 5-HIAA in the striatum or of HVA, DOPAC and NA levels in the dorsal hippocampus were seen after acute administration of nefiracetam. On the other hand, extracellular hippocampal 5-HIAA levels decreased by 20% after the 1 and 3 mg/kg doses. Nefiracetam, in a concentration range of 1 nM to 10 microM, did not affect the in vitro synaptosomal uptake of [3H]NA and [3H]5-HT in the cortex or of [3H]DA in the striatum. Taken together, nefiracetam appears to exert minor, regionally restricted and not dose-dependent effects on the monoamine systems following either acute or repeated administrations in normal rats. A direct or indirect, possible GABA-mediated, influence of nefiracetam may underlie the modest changes seen on monoamines. The cognitive-enhancing action of nefiracetam does not seem to be related to effects on presynaptic monoamine functions.
Iso‐anellated thienopyrroles: The chemistry of 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrroles and 5H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrroles (1970)

Abstract The ring closure reaction of methyl 2,3‐bis(chloromethyl)thiophene‐5‐carboxylate with several primary amines gives a series of 5,6‐dihydro‐4 H ‐thieno‐[2,3‐ c ]pyrroles. Oxidation of some of these dihydro compounds, using aqueous hydrogen peroxide in methanol, furnishes the corresponding N ‐oxides. When the nitrogen atom possesses an aromatic substituent and the oxidation is carried out with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in formic acid, Meisenheimer 1 rearrangement products instead of N ‐oxides are formed. The structure of one of the Meisenheimer products was elucidated by an independent synthesis of its degradation product. 5 H ‐Thieno[2,3‐ c ]pyrroles are prepared by three separate methods: (a) dehydration of the N ‐oxides; (b) autoxidation of the dihydrothieno[2,3‐ c ]‐pyrroles; (c) dehydrogenation of the dihydro compounds with chloranil.