gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role for Golgi reassembly and stacking protein (GRASP) in polysaccharide secretion and fungal virulence (2011)

Secretion of virulence factors is a critical mechanism for the establishment of cryptococcosis, a disease caused by the yeast pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. One key virulence strategy of C. neoformans is the release of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), a capsule-associated immune-modulatory polysaccharide that reaches the extracellular space through secretory vesicles. Golgi reassembly and stacking protein (GRASP) is required for unconventional protein secretion mechanisms in different eukaryotic cells, but its role in polysaccharide secretion is unknown. This study demonstrates that a C. neoformans functional mutant of a GRASP orthologue had attenuated virulence in an animal model of cryptococcosis, in comparison with wild-type (WT) and reconstituted cells. Mutant cells manifested altered Golgi morphology, failed to produce typical polysaccharide capsules and showed a reduced ability to secrete GXM both in vitro and during animal infection. Isolation of GXM from cultures of WT, reconstituted or mutant strains revealed that the GRASP orthologue mutant produced polysaccharides with reduced dimensions. The mutant was also more efficiently associated to and killed by macrophages than WT and reconstituted cells. These results demonstrate that GRASP, a protein involved in unconventional protein secretion, is also required for polysaccharide secretion and virulence in C. neoformans.
Uniformity of Current Density Distribution at Pattern Scale during Electrochemical Micromachining by Porous-Type Anodization (2006)

Porous-type anodization of patterned films and subsequent chemical etching of porous can be considered as a sub-category of electrochemical micromachining. This method results in metallic pillars separated by micro-grooves, whose dimensions are defined by the design of anodization masks and a degree of anisotropy of porous-type anodization. The pillars have a trapezoidal shape with concave slopes due to undercutting, which results from the lateral pore growth under the anodization mask. In addition, the shape of metallic pillars is affected by the distribution of current density at the pattern scale during porous-type anodization. The areas with a low coverage of anodization mask of barrier attract a high current density and develop thick layers of porous . Chemical etching of porous reveals deep micro-grooves formed in these areas. These experimental results are explained by the nonuniform distribution of current density at the pattern scale, which results from the nonuniform coverage of patterned features. During porous-type anodization of patterned films the current is limited by the rate of ion migration through the scalloped layer of barrier and follows the pathway of least resistance, as defined by the anodization mask coverage.
Intelligent Facemask Coverage Detector in a World of Chaos (2022)

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 around the world has caused a global health catastrophe along with economic consequences. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), this devastating crisis can be minimized and controlled if humans wear facemasks in public; however, the prevention of spreading COVID-19 can only be possible only if they are worn properly, covering both the nose and mouth. Nonetheless, in public places or in chaos, a manual check of persons wearing the masks properly or not is a hectic job and can cause panic. For such conditions, an automatic mask-wearing system is desired. Therefore, this study analyzed several deep learning pre-trained networks and classical machine learning algorithms that can automatically detect whether the person wears the facemask or not. For this, 40,000 images are utilized to train and test 9 different models, namely, InceptionV3, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB2, DenseNet201, ResNet152, VGG19, convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), to recognize facemasks in images. Besides just detecting the mask, the trained models also detect whether the person is wearing the mask properly (covering nose and mouth), partially (mouth only), or wearing it inappropriately (not covering nose and mouth). Experimental work reveals that InceptionV3 and EfficientNetB2 outperformed all other methods by attaining an overall accuracy of around 98.40% and a precision, recall, and F1-score of 98.30%.
Bubbles navigating through networks of microchannels (2011)

This paper describes the behavior of bubbles suspended in a carrier liquid and moving within microfluidic networks of different connectivities. A single-phase continuum fluid, when flowing in a network of channels, partitions itself among all possible paths connecting the inlet and outlet. The flow rates along different paths are determined by the interaction between the fluid and the global structure of the network. That is, the distribution of flows depends on the fluidic resistances of all channels of the network. The movement of bubbles of gas, or droplets of liquid, suspended in a liquid can be quite different from the movement of a single-phase liquid, especially when they have sizes slightly larger than the channels, so that the bubbles (or droplets) contribute to the fluidic resistance of a channel when they are transiting it. This paper examines bubbles in this size range; in the size range examined, the bubbles are discrete and do not divide at junctions. As a consequence, a single bubble traverses only one of the possible paths through the network, and makes a sequence of binary choices ("left" or "right") at each branching intersection it encounters. We designed networks so that, at each junction, a bubble enters the channel into which the volumetric flow rate of the carrier liquid is highest. When there is only a single bubble inside a network at a time, the path taken by the bubble is, counter-intuitively, not necessarily the shortest or the fastest connecting the inlet and outlet. When a small number of bubbles move simultaneously through a network, they interact with one another by modifying fluidic resistances and flows in a time dependent manner; such groups of bubbles show very complex behaviors. When a large number of bubbles (sufficiently large that the volume of the bubbles occupies a significant fraction of the volume of the network) flow simultaneously through a network, however, the collective behavior of bubbles-the fluxes of bubbles through different paths of the network-can resemble the distribution of flows of a single-phase fluid.
<title>Multiviewer 3D monitor</title> (1998)

Physical Optics Corporation has developed an advanced 3-D virtual reality system for use with simulation tools for training technical and military personnel. This system avoids such drawbacks of other virtual reality (VR) systems as eye fatigue, headaches, and alignment for each viewer, all of which are due to the need to wear special VR goggles. The new system is based on direct viewing of an interactive environment. This innovative holographic multiplexed screen technology makes it unnecessary for the viewer to wear special goggles.
Data from A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Gene Expression Profiles Identifies Stromal Immunoglobulin κ C as a Compatible Prognostic Marker in Human Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Although the central role of the immune system for tumor prognosis is generally accepted, a single robust marker is not yet available.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; On the basis of receiver operating characteristic analyses, robust markers were identified from a 60-gene B cell–derived metagene and analyzed in gene expression profiles of 1,810 breast cancer; 1,056 non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); 513 colorectal; and 426 ovarian cancer patients. Protein and RNA levels were examined in paraffin-embedded tissue of 330 breast cancer patients. The cell types were identified with immunohistochemical costaining and confocal fluorescence microscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified immunoglobulin κ C (IGKC) which as a single marker is similarly predictive and prognostic as the entire B-cell metagene. IGKC was consistently associated with metastasis-free survival across different molecular subtypes in node-negative breast cancer (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 965) and predicted response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 845; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). In addition, IGKC gene expression was prognostic in NSCLC and colorectal cancer. No association was observed in ovarian cancer. IGKC protein expression was significantly associated with survival in paraffin-embedded tissues of 330 breast cancer patients. Tumor-infiltrating plasma cells were identified as the source of IGKC expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings provide IGKC as a novel diagnostic marker for risk stratification in human cancer and support concepts to exploit the humoral immune response for anticancer therapy. It could be validated in several independent cohorts and carried out similarly well in RNA from fresh frozen as well as from paraffin tissue and on protein level by immunostaining. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(9); 2695–703. ©2012 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Transport Anomalies Emerging from Strong Correlation in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes (2019)

Recent works on ionic liquid electrolyte systems motivate the present study of transport regimes where strong species interactions result in significant correlations and deviations from ideal solution behaviour. In order to obtain a complete description of transport in these systems we use rigorous concentrated solution theory coupled with molecular dynamics simulations, beyond the commonly used uncorrelated Nernst-Einstein equation. As a case study, we investigate the NaFSI - Pyr13\FSI room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. When fully accounting for intra- and inter-species correlation, an anomalously low and even negative transference number emerges for NaFSI molar fractions lower than 0.2, emphasising that strong ion-ion coupling in the electrolyte can significantly impact the rate performance of the cell. With increasing concentration the transference number monotonically increases, approaching unity, while the total conductivity decreases as the system transitions to a state resembling a single-ion solid-state electrolyte. The degree of spatial ionic association is explored further by employing a variant of unsupervised single-linkage clustering algorithm. Using this combination of numerical techniques we examine the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the trade-off between key electrolyte transport properties, previously overlooked in both computational and experimental studies.
High magnetic coercivity of neodymium- and didymium-cobalt alloys sintered with Pr and Sm additives (1972)

The coercive forces of micron-sized NdCo5 and DiCo5 are less than 200 Oe. When these compounds were sintered with Pr–Co and Sm–Co as sintering aids, relatively high coercivities could be obtained. The highest coercivities of sintered NdCo5 and DiCo5 are 4000 and 10 280 Oe, respectively.
A Method for Calculating Angle-Axis Vector at Singular Points and a Proposal of Extended Angle-Axis Vector (2019)

Angle-axis vector, which is also called axis-angle representation or rotation vector, can be applied to represent an orientation or orientation error with minimal three parameters. However, it has a problem about singular points. Therefore, this paper shows a method for calculating angle-axis vector at singular points. In addition, this paper proposes an extended angle-axis vector. Conventional angle-axis vector cannot represent an orientation error that is greater than due to the range of inverse trigonometric function. The extended angle-axis vector can express the orientation that cannot be represented by the conventional method. The results of this study are expected to give a new method for expressing an orientation error which is needed for numerical solution of inverse kinematics or some attitude controls.
trans-[RuCl2(phosphan)2(1,2-diamin)]- und chiraletrans-[RuCl2(diphosphan)(1,2-diamin)]- Komplexe: lagerstabile Katalysatorvorstufen für die schnelle, produktive und stereoselektive Hydrierung von Ketonen (1998)

Eine Umsatzzahl (TON) von 2 400 000 und einen Umsatz pro Zeit (TOF) von 63 s−1 ermöglicht der chirale RuII-Komplex 1 (R=p-H3CC6H4) als Katalysator bei der asymmetrischen Hydrierung von Acetophenon. Mit verwandten RuII-Katalysatoren werden α,β-ungesättigte Ketone selektiv an der Carbonylgruppe asymmetrisch hydriert und aus 4-substituierten Cyclohexanonen die entsprechenden cis-Alkohole erhalten.
Ballistic electron transport across collector barriers in AlGaAs/GaAs hot-electron transistors (1988)

A Monte Carlo calculation has been performed to simulate the experiment of Heiblum and co-workers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2200 (1985)], regarding ballistic electron transport and the electron transit time across the AlGaAs collector barrier region in AlGaAs/GaAs tunneling hot-electron transfer amplifier devices. Ballistic transport is proven to be highly probable across a 1000-Å-thick collector barrier under retarding field and hot-electron injection conditions at 4.2 K. Applying accelerating fields in the barrier results in almost negligible ballistic fraction of the transmitted hot electrons because of electron scattering into the satellite valleys. This result seems paradoxical at first sight. However, it is typical for electronic transport in heterolayers and fully consistent with the interpretation of the experiments by Heiblum and co-workers. There exists a negative collector-base bias range which minimizes the collector barrier transit time, corresponding to the condition of large ballistic probability and simultaneously relatively little deceleration of the electrons by the applied retarding field.
Highly Dispersed SiOx/Al2O3 Catalysts Illuminate the Reactivity of Isolated Silanol Sites (2015)

The reaction of γ-alumina with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) vapor at low temperatures selectively yields monomeric SiO(x) species on the alumina surface. These isolated (-AlO)3Si(OH) sites are characterized by PXRD, XPS, DRIFTS of adsorbed NH3, CO, and pyridine, and (29)Si and (27)Al DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The formation of isolated sites suggests that TEOS reacts preferentially at strong Lewis acid sites on the γ-Al2O3 surface, functionalizing the surface with "mild" Brønsted acid sites. For liquid-phase catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration, these SiO(x) sites exhibit up to 3.5-fold higher specific activity than the parent alumina with identical selectivity.
Inducible, Site-Specific Protein Labeling by Tyrosine Oxidation–Strain-Promoted (4 + 2) Cycloaddition (2017)

Genetically encoded tyrosine (Y-tag) can be utilized as a latent anchor for inducible and site-selective conjugation. Upon oxidation of tyrosine with mushroom tyrosinase, strain-promoted cycloaddition (SPOCQ) of the resulting 1,2-quinone with various bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) derivatives led to efficient conjugation. The method was applied for fluorophore labeling of laminarinase A and for the site-specific preparation of an antibody-drug conjugate.
Gleichzeitiges Vorkommen von Hepatitis-B-surface-Antigen (HBsAg) und Antikörper gegen HBsAg (Anti-HBs) verschiedenen Subtyps im Serum. (Serologische und fluoreszenzhistologische Untersuchungen) (1976)

Über das gleichzeitige Vorkommen von HBsAg und Anti-HBs im Serum liegen bisher keine Untersuchungen vor. Wir berichten über 10 Patienten, bei denen gleichzeitig HBsAg und Anti-HBs im Serum nachgewiesen werden konnte. Bei 4 Patienten wurde eine Leberpunktion mit fluoreszenzhistologischer Untersuchung des Biopsiematerials durchgeführt.
ON ISOMORPHISM OF LIE ALGEBRAS WITH ONE DEFINING RELATION (2004)

Let L be a finitely generated free Lie algebra. We construct an example of two elements u and v of L such that the factor algebras L/(u) and L/(v) are isomorphic, where (u) and (v) are ideals of L generated by u and v, respectively, but there is no automorphism φ of L such that φ(u)=v.
Cryogenic CMOS circuits for single charge digital readout (2010)

The readout of a solid state qubit often relies on single charge sensitive electrometry. However the combination of fast and accurate measurements is non trivial due to large RC time constants due to the electrometers resistance and shunt capacitance from wires between the cold stage and room temperature. Currently fast sensitive measurements are accomplished through rf reflectrometry. I will present an alternative single charge readout technique based on cryogenic CMOS circuits in hopes to improve speed, signal-to-noise, power consumption and simplicity in implementation. The readout circuit is based on a current comparator where changes in current from an electrometer will trigger a digital output. These circuits were fabricated using Sandia's 0.35 {micro}m CMOS foundry process. Initial measurements of comparators with an addition a current amplifier have displayed current sensitivities of < 1nA at 4.2K, switching speeds up to {approx}120ns, while consuming {approx}10 {micro}W. I will also discuss an investigation of noise characterization of our CMOS process in hopes to obtain a better understanding of the ultimate limit in signal to noise performance.
Bubble‐Forming Films: Bubble Forming Films for Spatial Selective Cell Killing (Adv. Mater. 27/2021) (2021)

In article number 2008379, Ranhua Xiong, Chaobo Huang, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Félix Sauvage, and co-workers introduce a laser-responsive polymeric film for spatial and selective cell killing. Iron oxide clusters embedded in the polymeric film can absorb laser energy and generate vapor bubbles. Single-cell killing can be achieved at the surface of the eye by the mechanical forces that arise upon the collapse of the bubbles. These bubble forming films have applications as adjuvants after cancer surgery and are promising for safe resection of superficial tumors.
Interfacial Kinetic and Binding Properties of Mammalian Group IVB Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2β) and Comparison with the Other cPLA2 Isoforms (2010)

The cytosolic (group IV) phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)s) family contains six members. We have prepared recombinant proteins for human α, mouse β, human γ, human δ, human ε, and mouse ζ cPLA(2)s and have studied their interfacial kinetic and binding properties in vitro. Mouse cPLA(2)β action on phosphatidylcholine vesicles is activated by anionic phosphoinositides and cardiolipin but displays a requirement for Ca(2+) only in the presence of cardiolipin. This activation pattern is explained by the effects of anionic phospholipids and Ca(2+) on the interfacial binding of mouse cPLA(2)β and its C2 domain to vesicles. Ca(2+)-dependent binding of mouse cPLA(2)β to cardiolipin-containing vesicles requires a patch of basic residues near the Ca(2+)-binding surface loops of the C2 domain, but binding to phosphoinositide-containing vesicles does not depend on any specific cluster of basic residues. Human cPLA(2)δ also displays Ca(2+)- and cardiolipin-enhanced interfacial binding and activity. The lysophospholipase, phospholipase A(1), and phospholipase A(2) activities of the full set of mammalian cPLA(2)s were quantified. The relative level of these activities is very different among the isoforms, and human cPLA(2)δ stands out as having relatively high phospholipase A(1) activity. We also tested the susceptibility of all cPLA(2) family members to a panel of previously reported inhibitors of human cPLA(2)α and analogs of these compounds. This led to the discovery of a potent and selective inhibitor of mouse cPLA(2)β. These in vitro studies help determine the regulation and function of the cPLA(2) family members.
Chronological change of electrical resistance in GeCu2Te3amorphous film induced by surface oxidation (2014)

Unusual chronological electrical resistance change behavior was investigated for amorphous GeCu2Te3 phase change material. More than a 1 order decrease of electrical resistance was observed in the air even at room temperature. The resistance of the amorphous film gradually increased with increasing temperature and then showed a drop upon crystallization. Such unusual behavior was attributed to the oxidation of the amorphous GeCu2Te3 film. From the compositional depth profile measurement, the GeCu2Te3 film without any capping layer was oxidized in air at room temperature and the formed oxide was mainly composed of germanium oxide. Consequently, a highly-conductive Cu-rich layer was formed in the vicinity of the surface of the film, which reduced the total resistance of the film. The present results could provide insight into the chronological change of electrical resistance in amorphous chalcogenide materials, indicating that not only relaxation of the amorphous, but also a large atomic diffusion contributes to the chronological resistance change.
Mechanism of C−F Reductive Elimination from Palladium(IV) Fluorides (2010)

The first systematic mechanism study of C−F reductive elimination from a transition metal complex is described. C−F bond formation from three different Pd(IV) fluoride complexes was mechanistically evaluated. The experimental data suggest that reductive elimination occurs from cationic Pd(IV) fluoride complexes via a dissociative mechanism. The ancillary pyridyl-sulfonamide ligand plays a crucial role for C−F reductive elimination, likely due to a κ&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; coordination mode, in which an oxygen atom of the sulfonyl group coordinates to Pd. The pyridyl-sulfonamide can support Pd(IV) and has the appropriate geometry and electronic structure to induce reductive elimination.
Multiple bonding, π-bonding contributions and aromatic character in isoelectronic boron-phosphorus, boron-arsenic, aluminum-nitrogen and zinc-sulfur compounds (1991)

Abstract
Anti-slip Re-adhesion Control for Trains Based on Slip Acceleration (2013)

We have already proposed anti-slip re-adhesion control based on a disturbance observer and sensor-less vector control. When the control system detects the slip phenomenon, the system generates a torque command to decrease the slip velocity. Hence, this system requires some tuning control parameters based on running test. This paper proposes a new method of the generating torque command for anti-slip re-adhesion control based on slip acceleration. The fine performance of the anti-slip re-adhesion control using the proposed method is confirmed by numerical simulation.
The PDZ motif peptide of ZO-1 attenuates Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS-induced airway inflammation (2020)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to play a role in many human diseases. Therefore, examining the negative control mechanisms of tight junction protein ZO-1 on the exotoxin LPS of P. aeruginosa-induced diseases could be critical in the development of novel therapeutics. We found that ZO-1 expression dramatically decreased in inflammatory human lung tissues. Interestingly, PDZ1 deletion of the PDZ domain in the ZO-1 protein dramatically decreased LPS-induced F-actin formation and increased the expression of genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not PDZ2 and PDZ3 of the ZO-1 protein. We also found that the consensus PDZ peptide (based on PDZ1) of ZO-1 down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and F-actin formation; in contrast, the GG24,25AA mutant PDZ peptide cannot control these genes. LPS activates IL-8 secretion extracellularly in a time-dependent manner, while the secretion is inhibited by PDZ peptide. Whereas increased IL-8 secretion by LPS activates the CXCR2 receptor, overexpressed RGS12 negatively regulates LPS-induced CXCR2/IL-8 signaling. The PDZ peptide also decreases LPS-induced inflammatory cell populations, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and TEER in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cultured alveolar macrophages. Collectively, we suggest that the PDZ peptide may be a potential therapeutic for bacteria-induced respiratory diseases.