gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint optimization of uplink power control parameters in LTE-Advanced relay networks (2011)

Relaying is a promising enhancement to existing radio access networks and is currently being standardized in 3GPP to be part of the LTE-Advanced Release 10. Relays promise to alleviate the limitations of conventional macrocell-only networks such as poor indoor penetration and coverage holes in a cost-efficient way. Yet, to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter-cell interference which is increased due to the presence of relays should be mitigated. Besides, a high receiver dynamic range should be avoided to retain the orthogonality of the SC-FDMA system. In this manner, uplink power control is an effective tool to address such challenges. However, in order to enhance the overall system performance, power control optimization should be jointly done on all links, i.e. on eNB-relay node, eNB-UE and relay node-UE links. In this paper, we propose a joint optimization strategy of power control parameters based on Taguchi's method that exploits the mutual dependencies of the different links without a priori knowledge. The proposed joint parameter optimization is compared with a reference study that comprises a four-step optimization. The evaluation of the optimization strategies within the LTE-Advanced uplink framework is carried out by applying the standardized LTE Release 8 power control scheme both at eNBs and relays. Simulations show that the proposed optimization yields similar or better performance relative to the reference strategy depending on the considered performance metric.
Monolithic echoless photoconductive switches for high-resolution terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Interdigitated photoconductive (iPC) switches [1] are powerful and convenient devices for time-resolved spectroscopy, with the ability to operate both as sources and detectors of terahertz (THz) frequency pulses. However, reflection of the emitted or detected radiation within the device substrate itself can lead to echoes that inherently limits the spectroscopic resolution achievable from their use in time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems. In this work, we demonstrate a design of low-temperature-grown-GaAs (LT-GaAs) iPC switches for THz pulse detection that suppresses such unwanted echoes [2]. This is realized through the growth of a buried multilayer LT-GaAs structure that retains its ultrafast properties, which after wafer bonding to a metal-coated host substrate, results in an iPC switch with a metal plane buried at a subwavelength depth below the LT-GaAs surface. Using this device as a detector, and coupling it to an echo-less iPC source [3], enables echo-free THz-TDS and high-resolution spectroscopy, with a resolution limited only by the temporal length of the measurement governed by the mechanical delay line used. As a proof-of-principle, the 2(12)-2(21) and the 1(01)-2(12) rotational lines of water vapor have been spectrally resolved, demonstrating a spectral resolution below 10 GHz. [1] A. Dreyhaupt, S. Winnerl, T. Dekorsy, M. Helm, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 121114 (2005) [2] K. Maussang, J. Palomo, J.-M. Manceau, R. Colombelli, I. Sagnes, L. H. Li, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, J. Mangeney, J. Tignon, and S. S. Dhillon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 141102 (2017). [3] K. Maussang, A. Brewer, J. Palomo, J.-M. Manceau, R. Colombelli, I. Sagnes, J. Mangeney, J. Tignon, S.S. Dhillon, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6, 20 (2016)
Characterizing meningioma subtypes using MRI-cytometry (2023)

We used MRI-cytometry to estimate the mean cell diameter and intracellular volume of tumors of the meningioma subtype classification. We found cell size and intracellular volume to be very different between the three meningioma subtypes in this preliminary study. Our results reflected high collagen volume among the extracellular space in fibrous meningioma. We plan to scan more patients in the future to find a useful biomarker using MRI-cytometry.
Grating-Coupled Silicon-on-Sapphire Polarization Rotator Operating at Mid-Infrared Wavelengths (2019)

We provide an experimental demonstration of mid-infrared polarization rotators built on a silicon-on-sapphire platform at the mid-infrared wavelength of 4.55 μm to enable integration of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and detectors with slotted photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) gas sensors for on-chip optical spectroscopy applications. The polarization rotators are essential to convert the preferentially transverse magnetic (TM) polarized light from a QCL to transverse electric (TE) polarization to interface with the preferential TE-guiding slotted PCW sensors. The polarization rotator consists of an adiabatic-tapered mode converter followed by a phase shifter and a multimode interferometer that effectively transfers energy from an input fundamental TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</sub> polarization to a first-order TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> polarization that is then converted to the fundamental TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</sub> mode. Polarization-selective sub-wavelength grating couplers are designed and fabricated to effectively couple TE or TM polarizations at the designed wavelengths into and out of the polarization rotator device for efficient device characterization. TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</sub> -TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> conversion efficiency of 100% is simulated. Fabrication tolerances in the phase shifter result in an experimental 80:20 splitting ratio of the measured output TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</sub> -polarized light between two output arms.
Short optical pulse generation at 40 GHz with a bulk electro-absorption modulator packaged device (2003)

Short optical pulse generation at 40GHz and 1540nm wavelength is achieved using fully packaged bulk quaternary electro-absorption modulator modules. Experimental results obtained with broadband and narrowband optimized packaged modules are presented and compared against empirical model predictions. Pulse duty cycle, extinction ratio and chirp are studied as a function of sinusoidal drive voltage and detuning between operating wavelength and modulator absorption band edge. Design rules and performance trade-offs are discussed. Low-chirp pulses with a FWHM of ~12ps and sub-4ps at a rate of 40GHz are demonstrated. Optical time-domain demultiplexing of a 40GHz to a 10GHz pulse train is also demonstrated with better than 20dB extinction ratio.
Aging Stem Cells Lose the Capability to Distribute Damaged Proteins Asymmetrically (2015)

Understanding the interplay between reversible epigenetic changes and potentially more difficult to reverse accumulation of damaged macromolecules is a central challenge in developing treatments for aging-associated dysfunction. One hypothesis is that epigenetic drift leads to subtle losses of homeostatic maintenance mechanisms, that in turn, lead to the accumulation of damaged macromolecules, which then further degrade homeostasis. A key mechanism of maintaining optimal cell function is asymmetrical division, whereby cellular damage is segregated away from cells that need to undergo further proliferation, such as stem cells. Such asymmetrical distribution of damaged macromolecules has been observed during cell division in many organisms, from yeast to human embryonic stem cells, and depends on diffusion barriers (DBs) in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In a recent study, these results have been extended to neural stem cells (NSCs), in which the ability of the ER DB to promote asymmetrical distribution of damaged proteins deteriorates with age. NSC function declines with age as proliferative capacity is reduced. The loss of asymmetric protein distribution correlates with the loss of NSC proliferative capacity. Ectopic expression of progerin, an altered form of lamin A, is associated with the premature aging disorder, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Progerin's expression also increases with normal aging due to mis-splicing, weakening the ER DB. Recent work suggests that many cell signaling pathway changes associated with HGPS are replicated during normal aging in cultured cells. Moreover, the detrimental changes associated with progerin expression in HGPS are partially reversible experimentally after treatment with statins, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, a isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase inhibitor, or sulforaphane. It will be of great interest if these compounds can also reverse the aging-associated permeability of the ER DB and restore stem cell function.
A Study on the Security Implications of Information Leakages in Container Clouds (2018)

Container technology provides a lightweight operating system level virtual hosting environment. Its emergence profoundly changes the development and deployment paradigms of multi-tier distributed applications. However, due to the incomplete implementation of system resource isolation mechanisms in the Linux kernel, some security concerns still exist for multiple containers sharing an operating system kernel on a multi-tenancy container-based cloud service. In this paper, we first present the information leakage channels we discovered that are accessible within containers. Such channels expose a spectrum of system-wide host information to containers without proper resource partitioning. By exploiting such leaked host information, it becomes much easier for malicious adversaries (acting as tenants in a container cloud) to launch attacks that might impact the reliability of cloud services. We demonstrate that the information leakage channels could be exploited to infer private data, detect and verify co-residence, build covert channels, and launch more advanced cloud-based attacks. We discuss the root causes of the containers' information leakage and propose a two-stage defense approach. As demonstrated in the evaluation, our defense is effective and incurs trivial performance overhead.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of δ‐Chloro‐β‐amino‐N‐sulfinyl Imidates as Versatile Chiral Building Blocks for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Piperidines. (2015)

Abstract New β‐amino‐δ‐chloro carboximidates bearing a chiral sulfoxide auxiliary are prepared and used as building blocks for the synthesis of enantio‐ and diastereomeric pure 2,3‐disubstituted piperidines (similar reactions based on the minor diastereomer are not shown).
Quasiliving Carbocationic Polymerization. XI. An Interpretation of Solvent Effects by Donor and Acceptor Numbers (1982)

Abstract Counteranion/solvent interactions (counteranion solvation) profoundly influence each and every elementary step of carbocationic polymerizations and are just as important as the commonly emphasized cation/solvent interactions (cation solvation). Counteranion solvation and carbocation solvation have been characterized by Gutmann' s acceptor number AN and donor number DN, respectively. Analysis of earlier data leads to the conclusion that the effect of monomer concentration on the rate, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution obtained in cationic olefin polymerizations in “polar” solvents are in fact due to subtle changes in solvent concentration. Indeed, olefin monomers behave as “nonpolar” solvents and by changing the monomer concentration the character of the medium may profoundly change. It is further concluded that quasiliving polymerizations cannot be achieved in batch operations because the conditions that prevail in the initial charge, although possibly suitable for quasiliving polymerizations, must continuously change with the diminishing monomer concentration, i.e., by continuously changing the solvent character of the system. In contrast, in continuous systems initial conditions in the charge suitable for the attainment of living or quasiliving conditions can be maintained even for long periods of time by continuously replenishing the consumed monomer. By the use of these concepts, heretofore unexplained observations made in the course of quasiliving polymerization studies have been accounted for and, beyond this, new insight into solvation phenomena in cationic polymerizations is generated.
Markov Layout (2011)

Consider the problem of laying out a set of n images that match a query onto the nodes of a √n×√n grid. We are given a score for each image, as well as the distribution of patterns by which a user's eye scans the nodes of the grid and we wish to maximize the expected total score of images selected by the user. This is a special case of the Markov layout problem, in which we are given a Markov chain M together with a set of objects to be placed at the states of the Markov chain. Each object has a utility to the user if viewed, as well as a stopping probability with which the user ceases to look further at objects. This layout problem is prototypical in a number of applications in web search and advertising, particularly in an emerging genre of search results pages from major engines. In a different class of applications, the states of the Markov chain are web pages at a publishers website and the objects are advertisements. We study the approximability of the Markov layout problem. Our main result is an O(log n) approximation algorithm for the most general version of the problem. The core idea is to transform an optimization problem over partial permutations into an optimization problem over sets by losing a logarithmic factor in approximation, the latter problem is then shown to be sub modular with two matroid constraints, which admits a constant-factor approximation. In contrast, we also show the problem is APX-hard via a reduction from CUBIC MAX-BISECTION. We then study harder variants of greater practical interest of the problem in which no gaps - states of M with no object placed on them - are allowed. By exploiting the geometry, we obtain an O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3/2</sup> n) approximation algorithm when the digraph underlying M is a grid and an O(log n) approximation algorithm when it is a tree. These special cases are especially appropriate for our applications.
Exonuclease activity from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is missing in phenotypically restrictionless mutants (1982)

A phenotypically restrictionless strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to lack a deoxyribonuclease specific for linear duplex DNA. The purified enzyme had an optimum pH of 8.5, required MgCl2 (10 mM) for maximum activity, and did not require ATP. Neither the degradation of heat-denatured DNA nor the degradation of bacteriophage F116 DNA was detected. The genome of bacteriophage F116 was shown to possess single-stranded terminal regions, which account for the resistance to degradation and for the ability of the phage to transfect restriction-proficient strains.
Graphic Solution and Analysis of Voltage Distribution Between Ferroelectric Capacitor/Capacitors and Bitline Capacitance (2004)

Voltage distribution between ferroelectric capacitor/capacitors and normal capacitor in ferroelectric devices is difficult to calculate or simulate due to the complicated electrical properties of the ferroelectric capacitor. This paper presents a mathematical method combined with graphic solution to analyze the voltage distribution. Analysis of voltage distribution of different structures (1FC/1NC, 2FC, 2FC/1NC) or operation patterns is summarized. The dependence of the medial value and difference of bitline voltages between “0” and “1” state after the driving pulse of plateline on the value of Cb/Cfm has been analyzed.
Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses in Vaccine Trials (2004)

It has been widely recognized that both cell-mediated and humoral immunity play important roles in the inhibition of tumor growth in vaccinated cancer patients. This chapter will only briefly summarize available data that emphasize a role of cellular immunity, including proliferating, cytokine-secreting, cytolytic and/or delayed-type hypersensitive (DTH) T lymphocytes, in the control of tumor growth. We will elaborate on why T lymphocytes often are ineffective against tumors, emphasizing the important role of humoral immunity in cancer growth control. This role has recently been highlighted by the approval of monoclonal antibody (MAb) treatments for cancer patients by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the biological half-life of MAbs is short, rendering the induction of long-lasting active specific humoral immunity by vaccines a highly attractive alternative. Studies in animals have demonstrated a positive correlation between the induction of antibody responses following vaccination and tumor regression. Similarly, a correlation between humoral immune response induction and beneficial clinical responses has been demonstrated in cancer patients. Since vaccine- induced antibodies must bind to the tumor cell surface in order to destroy tumor cells in conjunction with effector cells or complement, emphasis is placed on those studies that have demonstrated the induction of tumor cell-binding antibodies by vaccines in cancer patients. The vast majority of studies have demonstrated binding of the elicited antibodies to proteins only and are only summarized here.
Revealing Complete Complex KIR Haplotypes Phased by Long-read Sequencing Technology (2017)

Abstract The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ( KIR ) region of human chromosome 19 contains up to sixteen genes for natural killer (NK) cell receptors that recognize human leukocyte antigen ( HLA )/peptide complexes and other ligands. The KIR proteins fulfill functional roles in infections, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, and transplantation. However, their characterization remains a constant challenge. Not only are the genes highly homologous due to their recent evolution by tandem duplications, but the region is structurally dynamic due to frequent transposon-mediated recombination. A sequencing approach that precisely captures the complexity of KIR haplotypes for functional annotation is desirable. We present a unique approach to haplotype the KIR loci using Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT®) Sequencing. Using this method, we have – for the first time – comprehensively sequenced and phased sixteen KIR haplotypes from eight individuals without imputation. The information revealed four novel haplotype structures, a novel gene-fusion allele, novel and confirmed insertion/deletion events, a homozygous individual, and overall diversity for the structural haplotypes and their alleles. These KIR haplotypes augment our existing knowledge by providing high-quality references, evolutionary informers, and source material for imputation. The haplotype sequences and gene annotations provide alternative loci for the KIR region in the human genome reference GrCh38.p8. Author contributions DR, CVG, SS, SR, DEG, MM designed the project. CWP, KE, RH performed the preparation and sequencing experiments. DR, CVG, RK, SR, DWG wrote the majority of the manuscript.
Low Immunogenicity of Neural Progenitor Cells Differentiated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Less Immunogenic Somatic Cells (2013)

The groundbreaking discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) provides a new source for cell therapy. However, whether the iPS derived functional lineages from different cell origins have different immunogenicity remains unknown. It had been known that the cells isolated from extra-embryonic tissues, such as umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (UMCs), are less immunogenic than other adult lineages such as skin fibroblasts (SFs). In this report, we differentiated iPS cells from human UMCs and SFs into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and analyzed their immunogenicity. Through co-culture with allologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we showed that UMCs were indeed less immunogenic than skin cells to simulate proliferation of PBMCs. Surprisingly, we found that the NPCs differentiated from UMC-iPS cells retained low immunogenicity as the parental UMCs based on the PBMC proliferation assay. In cytotoxic expression assay, reactions in most kinds of immune effector cells showed more perforin and granzyme B expression with SF-NPCs stimulation than that with UMC-NPCs stimulation in PBMC co-culture system, in T cell co-culture system as well. Furthermore, through whole genome expression microarray analysis, we showed that over 70 immune genes, including all members of HLA-I, were expressed at lower levels in NPCs derived from UMC-iPS cells than that from SF-iPS cells. Our results demonstrated a phenomenon that the low immunogenicity of the less immunogenic cells could be retained after cell reprogramming and further differentiation, thus provide a new concept to generate functional lineages with lower immunogenicity for regenerative medicine.
Exploiting Multi-Channel Diversity in Spectrum-Agile Networks (2008)

Recently, spectrum-agile (SA) networks have been recognized as a viable solution to the spectrum-scarcity problem in spectrum-scarcity problem. In SA networks, secondary (unlicensed) users are allowed to opportunistically utilize idle licensed spectrum bands, thus improving spectrum utilization efficiency and accommodating more users and applications. We take a two- step approach to the problem of maximizing the throughput of an SA network. The first step is to determine a subset of "candidate" channels that a secondary device will consider for its channel-switching. The candidate channels are selected based on their estimated utilization. We then propose channel-aware switching to determine when and where to switch to, among the candidate channels. Wireless channels are assumed to experience independent Rayleigh fading, and modeled with a finite-state Markov channel (FSMC) model. Our evaluation results show that the proposed channel-aware switching scheme significantly outperforms the traditional forced-switching scheme in terms of average throughput.
Heterologous expression, purification, activity and conformational studies of different forms of dianthin 30. (1995)

Dianthin 30, a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) from Dianthus caryophyllus, has been expressed in Escherichia coli. Heterologous expression of a deletion mutant dianthin 30 delta 255-270 resulted in the production of a protein identical to carnation mature dianthin 30, including the absence at the carboxy-terminal of a putative 16 amino acid long pro-signal peptide. The production of a form of dianthin 30, which includes the pro-signal, is described as well. Both dianthin 30 delta 255-270 and dianthin 30 expressed in E. coli are mainly localized (90%) in the soluble fraction. Dianthin 30 delta 255-270 and dianthin 30 have been purified to homogeneity and were shown to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro with an IC50 of 8 and of 11 ng/ml, respectively. Secondary structure analysis, carried out by circular dichroism spectroscopy, indicated that the naturally occurring and the recombinant forms of dianthin 30 and dianthin 30 delta 255-270 possess the same secondary structure composition, accounting for an alpha + beta type architecture. RIPs as immunotoxins in clinical trial and as mitotoxins in experimental models have been extremely efficacious. In addition, growing evidence indicates their effective use as antiviral agents, including in HIV-1 infection. These data indicate the ability to produce either chemically linked or recombinant fusion proteins with dianthin 30 and cell-binding ligands for production of new reagents for clinical and experimental use.