gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Structure Effects of Ring-Type Siloxane Precursors on Properties of Plasma-Polymerized Porous SiOCH Films (2007)

Physical and chemical properties of plasma-polymerized films were investigated using ring-type siloxane monomers with several kinds of side-chain chemicals, and a design principle of the material and plasma-process was derived to obtain a porous film of with sub-nanometer-scaled porous structure framed by the original ring siloxane backbone. Here, the backbone siloxane structure is fixed as a six-membered ring of the , and no progen gas and no post-cure-process were utilized. It was found that unsaturated hydrocarbon side chains such as vinyl increase the deposition rate, and the original monomer structure tends to be kept, reducing the dielectric constant with the porous structure. Large alkyl groups increase the hydrocarbon content in the film as well as the deposition rate. The low radio-frequency power plasma with high precursor concentration also helps the original chemical structure to be preserved. The best solution is to use the ring-type siloxane with both of the vinyl (unsaturated hydrocarbon) and the large alkyl (saturated hydrocarbon) under the low-power plasma condition with the high partial pressure of the precursor. The plasma-polymerized porous film is a strong candidate for the low-k film in scale-down node ultralarge-scaled integrated interconnects featured by the simple and low-cost fabrication processes.
Reduction of the Internal Atrial Defibrillation Threshold with Balanced Orthogonal Sequential Shocks (2002)

The ADFT of the standard RA-->dCS shock is significantly reduced when followed by a second shock along the atrial septum delivered between electrodes in the pCS and either SVC or BB and ADFT is further reduced with balanced sequential shocks.
Scaling Ensemble Distribution Distillation to Many Classes with Proxy Targets (2021)

Ensembles of machine learning models yield improved system performance as well as robust and interpretable uncertainty estimates; however, their inference costs can be prohibitively high. Ensemble Distribution Distillation (EnD2) is an approach that allows a single model to efficiently capture both the predictive performance and uncertainty estimates of an ensemble. For classification, this is achieved by training a Dirichlet distribution over the ensemble members’ output distributions via the maximum likelihood criterion. Although theoretically principled, this work shows that the criterion exhibits poor convergence when applied to large-scale tasks where the number of classes is very high. Specifically, we show that for the Dirichlet log-likelihood criterion classes with low probability induce larger gradients than high-probability classes. Hence during training the model focuses on the distribution of the ensemble tail-class probabilities rather than the probability of the correct and closely related classes. We propose a new training objective which minimizes the reverse KL-divergence to a Proxy-Dirichlet target derived from the ensemble. This loss resolves the gradient issues of EnD2, as we demonstrate both theoretically and empirically on the ImageNet, LibriSpeech, and WMT17 En-De datasets containing 1000, 5000, and 40,000 classes, respectively.
Quantifying the lubricity of mechanically tough polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for cartilage repair (2015)

Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels are biocompatible and can be used as synthetic articular cartilage. Their mechanical characteristics can be tailored by various techniques such as annealing or blending with other hydrophilic polymers. In this study, we quantified the coefficient of friction of various candidate polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels against cobalt-chrome alloy or swine cartilage using a new rheometer-based method. We investigated the coefficient of friction of polyvinyl alcohol-only hydrogels and blends with polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide against swine cartilage and polished cobalt-chrome surfaces. The addition of the functional groups to polyvinyl alcohol, such as acrylamide (semi-interpenetrating network) and acrylic acid (blend), significantly reduced the coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction of the polyvinyl alcohol-only hydrogel was measured as 0.4 ± 0.03 against cobalt-chrome alloy, and 0.09 ± 0.004 against cartilage, while those measurements for the polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid blends and polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylamide semi-interpenetrating network were 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.1 ± 0.003 against cobalt-chrome alloy, and 0.03 ± 0.001 and 0.02 ± 0.001 against cartilage, respectively. There was no significant or minimal difference in the coefficient of friction between samples from different regions of the knee, or animals, or when the cartilage samples were frozen for 1 day or 2 days before testing. However, changing lubricant from deionized water to ionic media, for example, saline or simulated body fluid, increased the coefficient of friction significantly.
Salt-in-Ionic-Liquid Electrolytes: Ion Network Formation and Negative Effective Charges of Alkali Metal Cations (2021)

Salt-in-ionic liquid electrolytes have attracted significant attention as potential electrolytes for next generation batteries largely due to their safety enhancements over typical organic electrolytes. However, recent experimental and computational studies have shown that under certain conditions alkali cations can migrate in electric fields as if they carried a net negative effective charge. In particular, alkali cations were observed to have negative transference numbers at small mole fractions of alkali-metal salt that revert to the expected net positive transference numbers at large mole fractions. Simulations have provided some insights into these observations, where the formation of asymmetric ionic clusters, as well as a percolating ion network, could largely explain the anomalous transport of alkali cations. However, a thermodynamic theory that captures such phenomena has not been developed, as ionic associations were typically treated via the formation of ion pairs. The theory presented herein, based on the classical polymer theories, describes thermoreversible associations between alkali cations and anions, where the formation of large, asymmetric ionic clusters and a percolating ionic network are a natural result of the theory. Furthermore, we present several general methods to calculate the effective charge of alkali cations in ionic liquids. We note that the negative effective charge is a robust prediction with respect to the parameters of the theory and that the formation of a percolating ionic network leads to the restoration of net positive charges of the cations at large mole fractions of alkali metal salt. Overall, we find excellent qualitative agreement between our theory and molecular simulations in terms of ionic cluster statistics and the effective charges of the alkali cations.
A Currentless Sorting and Selection-Based Capacitor-Voltage-Balancing Method for Modular Multilevel Converters (2018)

This letter proposes a currentless sorting and selection (SAS)-based capacitor-voltage-balancing method for modular multilevel converters. Without the knowledge of arm-current signals, this method has almost the same performance as the conventional SAS method while reducing the sampling signals, compacting the control system, and saving the overall cost. In this letter, the derivative of the total capacitor voltage of an arm, instead of the arm current, is employed to determine which submodules should be inserted or bypassed. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed method is verified by experimental results.
Impacts of Large-Scale NGSO Satellites: RFI and A New Paradigm for Satellite Communications and Radio Astronomy Systems (2019)

Large-scale non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite communication systems (SCSs) are gaining interest from industries because of their ubiquitous wireless access and backhaul capabilities. However, the NGSO SCSs’ global downlink transmission can cause radio frequency interference (RFI) to the radio astronomy system (RAS) on earth. Thus, this paper first investigates RFI impacts of a large-scale NGSO SCS. Our RFI analyses show that a large-scale low earth orbit (LEO) SCS completely disrupts RAS’s continuum observation within or adjacent to the SCS downlink bands, which limits coexistence and growths of both SCS and RAS. To overcome such limitation, we propose a new paradigm where SCS and RAS are integrated into the NGSO satellite system, thus effectively creating large-scale telescopes in orbit. This integrated system not only avoids SCS’s RFI to RAS but also offers more spectrum access opportunities to both SCS and RAS. In addition, this paper addresses two related problems of the new paradigm, namely, the spectrum resource allocation problem and the RAS data transport problem. Our performance evaluation illustrates the advantages of the proposed paradigm in terms of accessible spectrum bands, RAS observation performance, and SCS maximum mean supportable data rate as well as enabling coexistence and growths of both types of services.
Multivalent DNA recognition by self-assembled clusters: deciphering structural effects by fragments screening and evaluation as siRNA vectors (2015)

The identification of low-molecular-weight clusters that effectively complex oligonucleotides of therapeutic interest is of great importance for applications in gene delivery. We recently reported the use of self-assembly processes based on chemoselective ligation in order to generate biomolecular clusters for the multivalent recognition of DNA. Herein, we exploit the modularity of this methodology to perform a one-pot fragments screening of scaffolds and binding groups. Structural parameters affecting DNA binding were observed and hits have been identified by fluorescence displacement and gel electrophoresis assays. Finally, we evaluated the potential of these systems for siRNA transfection. One biomolecular cluster was found to effectively complex and transport a 21-mer siRNA inside MCF7 human breast cancer cells, resulting in a significant knockdown of the target gene.
Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Overexpress CD40: CD154 Hyperinduces IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 (2009)

Characterization of orbital fibroblasts and their differential expression of cytokines and receptors should prove invaluable in understanding the site-specific nature of TAO and the development of specific therapies.
PAE Enhancement Methodology for SiGe Power Amplifier in UMTS/W-CDMA Systems (2006)

This paper demonstrates an integrated two-stage 1.95 GHz UMTS/W-CDMA handset RF Reconfigurable Power Amplifier (PA) implemented in a 0.25µm SiGe BiCMOS technology from ST Microelectronics. By acting on bias circuits, a dynamic control of 1 dB compression point (CP1) and power gain of the structure is realized, according to input signal level. Thus, the power added efficiency (PAE) is improved at low level. At low level, the linear gain is 24 dB and the output CP1 is 26.2 dBm. In order to fulfill requirements, especially on linearity, the output power is 24 dBm in a linear class of operation, with a 32.4% PAE. For lower levels, PAE is improved. A chip has been developed to validate the proposed method.
Sound, Mixtures, and Learning: LabROSA Overview (2003)

Background on Auditory Scene Analysis and overview of projects and direction of the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University.
Changing Hormone Levels during the Menstrual Cycle Affect Knee Laxity and Stiffness in Healthy Female Subjects (2009)

Female hormone levels are related to increased knee joint laxity and decreased stiffness at ovulation. To understand subject variations in knee joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in female athletes, further investigation is warranted.
Role of guanine nucleotide binding protein(s) in vasopressin-induced responses of a vascular smooth muscle cell line (1986)

Rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A-10) carry vascular V1 vasopressin receptors. In these cells, vasopressin inhibits isoproterenol-induced cAMP accumulation and stimulates phosphatidylinositol turnover and Ca/sup 2 +/ mobilization. Pretreatment of the cells with phorbol esters resulted in inhibition of the vasopressin-induced responses. The inactive phorbol ester aPDD was ineffective. These data suggested that phorbol ester might cause phosphorylation of the vasopressin receptor and/or coupling protein(s). Here, they studied the role of guanine nucleotide binding proteins by employing the novel radiolabeled vasopressin antagonist (/sup 3/H)-SKF 101926. In competition experiments with cell membranes, Gpp(NH)p shifted the vasopressin curve to the right indicating decreased agonist affinity. Phorbol ester pretreatment abolished the Gpp(NH)p effect. Pretreatment of the cells with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in inhibition of vasopressin-induced phosphatidyinositol turnover. NEM also abolished the decrease in agonist affinity caused by Gpp(NH)p. These data showed that NEM and phorbol ester pretreatment of smooth muscle cells functionally uncoupled the vasopressin receptors and suggested that vasopressin V1 receptor responses are mediated through guanine nucleotide binding protein(s).
Characteristics of plasmonic resonance in a sandwiched metamaterial nano film (2006)

We will investigate the surface plasmon (SP) resonances of a dielectric-sandwiched metamaterial film. The parameters of the metamaterial are chose so that it has both negative epsiv and mu in visible frequency range. We use transfer matrix method to calculate the attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra of the layered system to investigate the variations of SP resonance and the associated resonance strength. The results show that for both p-and s-polarized incident lights, the plasmonic resonance can be manipulated by changing the thickness of the metamaterial. Otherwise, the plasmonic resonance strength for each SP mode can be tuned to become a maximum with proper slab thickness and light frequency for both polarized light
RpoS Controls the Vibrio cholerae Mucosal Escape Response (2006)

Vibrio cholerae causes a severe diarrhoeal disease by secreting a toxin during colonization of the epithelium in the small intestine. Whereas the initial steps of the infectious process have been intensively studied, the last phases have received little attention. Confocal microscopy of V. cholerae O1-infected rabbit ileal loops captured a distinctive stage in the infectious process: 12 h post-inoculation, bacteria detach from the epithelial surface and move into the fluid-filled lumen. Designated the "mucosal escape response," this phenomenon requires RpoS, the stationary phase alternative sigma factor. Quantitative in vivo localization assays corroborated the rpoS phenotype and showed that it also requires HapR. Expression profiling of bacteria isolated from ileal loop fluid and mucus demonstrated a significant RpoS-dependent upregulation of many chemotaxis and motility genes coincident with the emigration of bacteria from the epithelial surface. In stationary phase cultures, RpoS was also required for upregulation of chemotaxis and motility genes, for production of flagella, and for movement of bacteria across low nutrient swarm plates. The hapR mutant produced near-normal numbers of flagellated cells, but was significantly less motile than the wild-type parent. During in vitro growth under virulence-inducing conditions, the rpoS mutant produced 10- to 100-fold more cholera toxin than the wild-type parent. Although the rpoS mutant caused only a small over-expression of the genes encoding cholera toxin in the ileal loop, it resulted in a 30% increase in fluid accumulation compared to the wild-type. Together, these results show that the mucosal escape response is orchestrated by an RpoS-dependent genetic program that activates chemotaxis and motility functions. This may furthermore coincide with reduced virulence gene expression, thus preparing the organism for the next stage in its life cycle.
OBESITY MAY HAMPER SARS-CoV-2 VACCINE IMMUNOGENICITY (2021)

ABSTRACT Background The first goal of the study was to analyse the antibody titre 7 days after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in a group of 248 healthcare workers (HCW). The second goal was to analyse how the antibody titre changes in correlation with age, gender and BMI. Methods Participants were assigned to receive the priming dose at baseline and booster dose at day 21. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at baseline and 7 days after second dose of vaccine. Findings 248 HWCs were analysed, 158 women (63.7%) and 90 men (36.3%). After the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, 99.5% of participants developed a humoral immune response. The geometric mean concentration of antibodies among the vaccinated subjects after booster dose (285.9 AU/mL 95% CI: 249.5-327.7); was higher than that of human convalescent sera (39.4 AU/mL, 95% CI: 33.1-46.9), with p&lt;0.0001. The antibody titre was found to be higher in young and female participants. A strong correlation of BMI classes with antibody titres was noticed: humoral response was more efficient in the group with under- and normal-weight vs the group with pre- and obesity participants (p&lt;0.0001 at T1). Interpretation These findings imply that females, lean and young people have an increased capacity to mount humoral immune responses compared to males, overweight and the older population. Although further studies are needed, this data may have important implications for the development of vaccination strategies for COVID-19, particularly in obese people. Funding None
Threshold Voltage Control in PMOSFETs with Polysilicon or Fully-Silicided Gates on Hf-Based Gate Dielectric Using Controlled Lateral Oxidation (2006)

Large threshold-voltage (Vt) shifts are seen in PMOSFETs with Hf-based highK gate dielectric and polysilicon gates. The polysilicon-highK interface can be modified by introducing a thin interfacial oxide layer using a controlled lateral oxidation (CLO) step after gate patterning. This can reduce the threshold voltage shift to within 0.1V of SiO2 reference for devices with gate length &lt;1mm. The benefit of lower Vt with the lateral oxidation comes at the expense of increased EOT. We therefore tried CLO using fully-silicided NiSi gates since the poly-depletion gain can offset the EOT increase. Our results show that the Vt difference between SiO2 and HfSiO is within 50mV. Moreover, the Ion-Ioff performance shows that while poly gates are lower in performance due to high Vt, the FUSI gates give Ion/Ioff at 1.1V of 180 (μA/μm)/20 (pA/μm) for both Hf- silicates and conventional SiO2. Interfacial modification using CLO can be a potential integration solution for highK gate dielectrics with polysilicon gates.
Transparency Logs via Append-Only Authenticated Dictionaries (2019)

Transparency logs allow users to audit a potentially malicious service, paving the way towards a more accountable Internet. For example, Certificate Transparency (CT) enables domain owners to audit Certificate Authorities (CAs) and detect impersonation attacks. Yet, to achieve their full potential, transparency logs must be bandwidth-efficient when queried by users. Specifically, everyone should be able to efficientlylook up log entries by their keyand efficiently verify that the log remainsappend-only. Unfortunately, without additional trust assumptions, current transparency logs cannot provide both small-sizedlookup proofs and small-sizedappend-only proofs. In fact, one of the proofs always requires bandwidth linear in the size of the log, making it expensive for everyone to query the log. In this paper, we address this gap with a new primitive called anappend-only authenticated dictionary (AAD). Our construction is the first to achieve (poly)logarithmic size for both proof types and helps reduce bandwidth consumption in transparency logs. This comes at the cost of increased append times and high memory usage, both of which remain to be improved to make practical deployment possible.
Durability of HES-ECC Repair Under Mechanical and Environmental Loading Conditions (2007)

Peer Reviewed
Smartphone‐based app for evaluating cardiothoracic residents: Feasibility and engagement (2021)

Use of SIMPL within a CT surgery training program was feasible and engagement was observed from both trainees and faculty. SIMPL provided trainees with timely, concise feedback on operative performance. Further work will focus on correlating SIMPL ratings with pre-existing assessments of performance.
Reduction of efficiency droop in c-plane InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes using a thick single quantum well with doped barriers (2021)

We report on c-plane InGaN/GaN single quantum well (QW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different well widths (3 or 9 nm) with and without doped barriers. QW barriers were doped with the aim of reducing the internal electric field (FQW) in the QW to increase the electron-hole overlap, therefore increasing the recombination rates and resulting in the reduction of the efficiency droop. We, indeed, observed, through biased photocurrent spectroscopy, a reduction in FQW with doped barriers, with FQW being in the same direction of the p-n junction field at zero bias as opposed to the junction field for LEDs without doped barriers. Even with the improvement in the ground state wavefunction overlap, the ground state transition rate remains low for thick QWs. Transitions through excited states were observed for both thick QW LEDs with and without doped barriers. The thick QW LED without doped barriers displayed low external quantum efficiency (EQE), likely as a result of the carrier overflow due to the poor confinement of carriers in the excited states. On the other hand, for LEDs with doped barriers, the flatter band in the QW resulting from the lower FQW reduces the energy separation between the eigenstates, leading to better confinement of carriers in the excited states. With doped barriers, we demonstrated a low efficiency droop 9-nm-thick single QW LED with a peak EQE of 42% at 40 A/cm2 and an EQE of 36% at 400 A/cm2.
Engineered Fibrillar Fibronectin Networks as Three‐Dimensional Tissue Scaffolds (2019)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and most prominently, fibronectin (Fn), are routinely used in the form of adsorbed pre-coatings in an attempt to create a cell-supporting environment in both two- and three-dimensional cell culture systems. However, these protein coatings are typically deposited in a form which is structurally and functionally distinct from the ECM-constituting fibrillar protein networks naturally deposited by cells. Here, the cell-free and scalable synthesis of freely suspended and mechanically robust three-dimensional (3D) networks of fibrillar fibronectin (fFn) supported by tessellated polymer scaffolds is reported. Hydrodynamically induced Fn fibrillogenesis at the three-phase contact line between air, an Fn solution, and a tessellated scaffold microstructure yields extended protein networks. Importantly, engineered fFn networks promote cell invasion and proliferation, enable in vitro expansion of primary cancer cells, and induce an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Engineered fFn networks support the formation of multicellular cancer structures cells from plural effusions of cancer patients. With further work, engineered fFn networks can have a transformative impact on fundamental cell studies, precision medicine, pharmaceutical testing, and pre-clinical diagnostics.