gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of gesture and action in technical talks for video indexing (2002)

We present an automatic system for analyzing and annotating video sequences of technical talks. Our method uses a robust motion estimation technique to detect key frames and segment the video sequence into subsequences containing a single overhead slide. The subsequences are stabilized to remove motion that occurs when the speaker adjusts their slides. Any changes remaining between frames in the stabilized sequences may be due to speaker gestures such as pointing or writing and we use active contours to automatically track these potential gestures. Given the constrained domain we define a simple "vocabulary" of actions which can easily be recognized based on the active contour shape and motion. The recognized actions provide a rich annotation of the sequence that can be used to access a condensed version of the talk from a web page.
Neutralization of IL-18 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction (2002)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) have been implicated in cardiac dysfunction during endotoxemia. Because IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine known to mediate the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and to induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), we hypothesized that neutralization of IL-18 would attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mice (C57BL/6) were injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg ip) or vehicle (normal saline), and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was determined by the Langendorff technique. LVDP was depressed by 38% at 6 h after LPS. LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction was associated with increased myocardial levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta as well as increased expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1. Pretreatment with neutralizing anti-mouse IL-18 antibody attenuated LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction (by 92%) and was associated with reduced myocardial IL-1beta production (65% reduction) and ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression (50% and 35% reduction, respectively). However, myocardial TNF-alpha levels were not influenced by neutralization of IL-18. In conclusion, neutralization of IL-18 protects against LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. IL-18 may mediate endotoxemic myocardial dysfunction through induction of and/or synergy with IL-1beta, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1.
VEGFR2 but not VEGFR3 governs integrity and remodeling of thyroid angiofollicular unit in normal state and during goitrogenesis (2017)

Abstract Thyroid gland vasculature has a distinguishable characteristic of endothelial fenestrae, a critical component for proper molecular transport. However, the signaling pathway that critically governs the maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity, including endothelial fenestrae, is poorly understood. Here, we found profound and distinct expression of follicular epithelial VEGF ‐A and vascular VEGFR 2 that were precisely regulated by circulating thyrotropin, while there were no meaningful expression of angiopoietin–Tie2 system in the thyroid gland. Our genetic depletion experiments revealed that VEGFR 2, but not VEGFR 3, is indispensable for maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity. Notably, blockade of VEGF ‐A or VEGFR 2 not only abrogated vascular remodeling but also inhibited follicular hypertrophy, which led to the reduction of thyroid weights during goitrogenesis. Importantly, VEGFR 2 blockade alone was sufficient to cause a reduction of endothelial fenestrae with decreases in thyrotropin‐responsive genes in goitrogen‐fed thyroids. Collectively, these findings establish follicular VEGF ‐A–vascular VEGFR 2 axis as a main regulator for thyrotropin‐dependent thyroid angiofollicular remodeling and goitrogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Dual Antagonists of Endothelin and Angiotensin II Receptors Derived from α‐Phenoxyphenylacetic Acids. Part 3. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis, Properties, and Derivatization of Poly(dihydrogermane): A Germanium-Based Polyethylene Analogue (2021)

Polygermanes are germanium-based analogues of polyolefins and possess polymer backbones made up catenated Ge atoms. In the present contribution we report the preparation of a germanium polyethylene analogue, polydihydrogermane (GeH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub>, via two straightforward approaches that involve topotactic deintercalation of Ca ions from the CaGe Zintl phase. The resulting (GeH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub> possesses morphologically dependent chemical and electronic properties and thermally decomposes to yield amorphous hydrogenated Ge. We also show that the resulting (GeH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub> provides a platform from which functionalized polygermanes can be prepared via thermally induced hydrogermylation-mediated pendant group substitution.
Endovascular treatment of a massive retroperitoneal bleeding: Successful balloon-catheter delivery of intra-arterial thrombin (2005)

Retroperitoneal bleeding is a potentially lethal complication of percutaneous intervention, when the common femoral artery is used as vascular access. Surgery, the traditional treatment for this complication in patients with persistent bleeding or hemodynamic instability, carries a considerable risk of morbidity and mortality. We report a case of life-threatening retroperitoneal bleeding successfully treated percutaneously with balloon occlusion and catheter delivery of thrombin to attain thrombosis of a lacerated branch of the common femoral artery. Endovascular catheter-based percutaneous treatment for massive retroperitoneal bleeding is often effective and should be pursued in selected patients.
Using the Crowd to Improve Search Result Ranking and the Search Experience (2016)

Despite technological advances, algorithmic search systems still have difficulty with complex or subtle information needs. For example, scenarios requiring deep semantic interpretation are a challenge for computers. People, on the other hand, are well suited to solving such problems. As a result, there is an opportunity for humans and computers to collaborate during the course of a search in a way that takes advantage of the unique abilities of each. While search tools that rely on human intervention will never be able to respond as quickly as current search engines do, recent research suggests that there are scenarios where a search engine could take more time if it resulted in a much better experience. This article explores how crowdsourcing can be used at query time to augment key stages of the search pipeline. We first explore the use of crowdsourcing to improve search result ranking. When the crowd is used to replace or augment traditional retrieval components such as query expansion and relevance scoring, we find that we can increase robustness against failure for query expansion and improve overall precision for results filtering. However, the gains that we observe are limited and unlikely to make up for the extra cost and time that the crowd requires. We then explore ways to incorporate the crowd into the search process that more drastically alter the overall experience. We find that using crowd workers to support rich query understanding and result processing appears to be a more worthwhile way to make use of the crowd during search. Our results confirm that crowdsourcing can positively impact the search experience but suggest that significant changes to the search process may be required for crowdsourcing to fulfill its potential in search systems.
Conformational changes induced in herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase upon DNA binding. (1993)

Herpesvirus DNA polymerases are prototypes for alpha-like DNA polymerases and important targets for antiherpesvirus drugs. We have investigated changes in the catalytic subunit of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase following DNA binding by using the techniques of endogeneous fluorescence quenching and limited proteolysis. The fluorescence studies revealed a reduction in the rate of quenching by acrylamide in the presence of DNA without changes in the wavelength of the emission peak or in the lifetime of the fluorophore, consistent with the possibility of conformational changes. Strikingly, the proteolysis studies revealed that binding to a variety of natural and synthetic DNA and RNA molecules induced the appearance of a new cleavage site for trypsin near residue 1060 of the protein and increased cleavage by trypsin near the center of the protein. The extent of these cleavages correlated with the affinity of the polymerase for these ligands. These data provide strong evidence that binding to nucleic acid polymers induces substantial localized conformational changes in the polymerase. The locations of enhanced tryptic cleavage near sites implicated in substrate recognition and interaction with a processivity factor suggest that the conformational changes are important for catalysis and processivity of this prototype alpha-like DNA polymerase. Inhibition of these changes may provide a mechanism for antiherpesvirus drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Benzo‐Fused Lactam Scaffolds as Factor Xa Inhibitors. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supercritical behavior in free radical polymerization of ethylene in the medium pressure range (2010)

Free radical polymerization of ethylene in an intermediate pressure and temperature range (P(ethylene) < 250 bar and 50 °C < T < 90 °C) in the presence of an organic solvent has been studied. Under selected conditions (P, T) and according to the amount of organic solvent added, either a supercritical monophasic or a biphasic medium is obtained. In the case of a biphasic medium, polymerization occurred in the liquid phase in which radical initiator and ethylenes are dissolved. The transition between a monophasic to a biphasic medium has been predicted using thermodynamic calculations and has been related to experimental observations such as the dependence of polymerization activity versus solvent volume.
Evidence of interface-induced persistent photoconductivity in InP∕In0.53Ga0.47As∕InP double heterostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (2005)

The impact of interface switching sequences on interface quality and minority carrier recombination in In0.53Ga0.47As∕InP double heterostructure (DH) grown by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) was studied. As2 exposure at the lower In0.53Ga0.47As∕InP interface prior to In0.53Ga0.47As growth was found to cause enhanced As diffusion into the underlying InP that correlates with steadily increased photoconductive decay (PCD) lifetimes beyond the theoretical radiative and Auger limit. Low-temperature PCD measurements reveal that a persistent photoconductivity (PPC) process is responsible for the high “apparent” lifetimes. The PPC effect increases monotonically with As2 exposure on the InP surface, implying the involvement of interfacial defects in the carrier recombination dynamics of In0.53Ga0.47As∕InP DHs grown by MBE.
Controlled Release of Small Molecules from Elastomers for Reducing Epidermal Downgrowth in Percutaneous Devices (2016)

The elevated infection rise associated with indwelling devices can compromise the performance of percutaneous devices and increase the risk of complications. High infection rates are associated with both the high bacterial load on the skin and epidermal downgrowth at the interface of the indwelling material. Here, we propose a drug-eluting material that promotes local dermal regeneration to reduce epidermal downgrowth. Mesoporous elastomeric matrices composed of naturally occurring monomers were prepared by a combination of photo- and thermal-crosslinking. Elastomeric devices loaded with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), a class of small molecules that promote local anti-inflammatory responses, can deliver these compounds for 7 d (<i>D</i><sub><i>CLA-elastomer</i></sub> = 3.94 × 10<sup>-9</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s, 95% CI [3.12 × 10<sup>-9</sup>, 4.61 × 10<sup>-9</sup>]). In a mouse model, CLA-eluting elastomeric matrices increase the M2 population (5.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> ± 1.4 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/cm<sup>2</sup>), compared to blank devices (3.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> ± 2.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/cm<sup>2</sup>), and also reduce skin contraction (98.9 ± 6.4%), compared to blank devices (70.9 ± 9.3%) at 7 d. Dermal downgrowth is also attenuated at 14 d (60.4 ± 32.4 μm) compared to blank devices (171.7 ± 93.8 μm). CLA-eluting elastomers are therefore a viable strategy to reduce epidermal downgrowth in percutaneous devices.
Compact and multi-resonant plasmonic metamaterials based on nano-apertures (2011)

We investigate a nano-aperture based plasmonic metamaterial by integrating the U- and T-shaped nano-aperture antennas in a compact geometry. We experimentally and numerically demonstrate the physical origin of the multi-resonant behavior of the UT-shaped nano-aperture based metamaterials. We also determine the parameter dependence of the proposed nano-aperture antennas. Due to its compact geometry, multi-spectral response, and enhanced near field distributions, our design offers greater flexibility in applications of subwavelength lithography, wavelength-tunable filters, optical modulators, ultrafast switching devices, and biosensing.
Outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (2017)

In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), lack of improvement or declining lung function may prompt use of immunosuppressive therapy. We hypothesised that use of azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone reduces adverse events and lung function decline, and improves transplant-free survival. Patients with CHP were identified. Demographic features, pulmonary function tests, incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and transplant-free survival were characterised, compared and analysed between patients stratified by immunosuppressive therapy. A multicentre comparison was performed across four independent tertiary medical centres. Among 131 CHP patients at the University of Chicago medical centre (Chicago, IL, USA), 93 (71%) received immunosuppressive therapy, and had worse baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity, and increased mortality compared with those who did not. Compared to patients treated with prednisone alone, TEAEs were 54% less frequent with azathioprine therapy (p=0.04) and 66% less frequent with mycophenolate mofetil (p=0.002). FVC decline and survival were similar between treatment groups. Analyses of datasets from four external tertiary medical centres confirmed these findings. CHP patients who did not receive immunosuppressive therapy had better survival than those who did. Use of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine was associated with a decreased incidence of TEAEs, and no difference in lung function decline or survival when compared with prednisone alone. Early transition to mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine may be an appropriate therapeutic approach in CHP, but more studies are needed.
Intradiscal Pressure Response to Low-Frequency Cyclic Loading. (1999)

Epidemiological studies have suggested that because of their frequent exposure to mechanical vibration, bus and truck drivers are especially susceptible to disc disorders. It has been reported that drivers of such vehicles are subjected to low-frequency vibration up to 6 Hz. The intervertebral disc regulates the viscoelastic properties of spinal segments. The intradiscal pressure will play an important role in the mechanical response of a spinal segment to vibrations. While previous studies have made direct in vivo measurements of intradiscal pressure under static conditions, no data has been reported on intradiscal pressure response to vibration loading under either in vivo or ex vivo conditions. The present study is to measure the intradiscal pressure response to cyclic loading in a physiological saline solution simulating in vivo conditions. The effect of mean load, amplitude and frequency of cyclic loading on the intradiscal pressure response was examined using calf lumbar spinal segments. The experiment employed mean loads of 20, 60, and 100 N with amplitudes of 10, 15, and 20 N and compared the low-frequency effects of 0.05, 0.5 and 5 Hz. The mean load was applied for one hour before the cyclic loading test, in order to consider the equilibrium intradiscal pressure. Therefore, it was confirmed that the relationships of load versus displacement, and load versus intradiscal pressure were affected by the mean load and the frequency of cyclic loading.
Extracellular Matrix-dependent Activation of Syndecan-1 Expression in Keratinocyte Growth Factor-treated Keratinocytes (1999)

Syndecan-1 is a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan of the epidermis. Its expression is strongly induced in migrating and proliferating keratinocytes during wound healing and, on the other hand, diminished or lost in invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We have recently found in the syndecan-1 gene an enhancer (fibroblast growth factor-inducible response element (FiRE)) that activates gene expression in wound edge keratinocytes (Jaakkola, P., Kontusaari, S., Kauppi, T., Määttä, A., and Jalkanen, M. (1998) FASEB J. 12, 959-969). Now, we demonstrate that the activation of this enhancer by keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is modulated by the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MCA-3D mouse immortal keratinocytes growing on fibrillar collagen failed to activate FiRE and subsequently to induce syndecan-1 in response to KGF. The same cells growing on fibronectin or laminin, however, increased FiRE-dependent reporter gene expression upon KGF treatment. The inhibition of the KGF induction by collagen appears to be specific for signaling to FiRE, as the increase in cell proliferation by KGF was not affected. The effect was selective to KGF, as EGF-induction was independent on ECM composition. Changes in the transcription factor binding were not involved in the differential activation of FiRE, as the levels and composition of the AP-1 complexes were unchanged. However, application of anisomycin, an activator of Jun amino-terminal kinase, resulted in a lower response in cells growing on collagen compared with fibronectin. These results indicate that the composition of ECM and availability of growth factors can play a role in the epidermal regulation of syndecan-1 expression and that FiRE is a novel target for gene regulation by the extracellular matrix.
Rational Design of Organically Functionalized Polyoxopalladates and Their Supramolecular Properties (2017)

The Sr<sup>II</sup> -centered 12-palladate(II) open-cube {SrPd<sub>12</sub> (OAc)<sub>3</sub> } has been systematically evolved by substitution of the three acetate ligands by a library of saturated carboxylic acids with increasing chain lengths leading to four novel polyoxopalladates(II) with the formula [SrPd<sub>12</sub> O<sub>6</sub> (OH)<sub>3</sub> (PhAsO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>6</sub> (L)<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>4-</sup> (SrPd<sub>12</sub> L<sub>3</sub> , L=C<sub>n</sub> H<sub>2n+1</sub> COO, n=2 to 5). These first examples of surfactant-type polyoxopalladates with a hydrophilic metal-oxo unit and three hydrophobic alkyl chains were characterized in the solid state (single-crystal XRD, FTIR, TGA), in solution (<sup>1</sup> H, <sup>13</sup> C NMR spectroscopy), and in the gas phase (ESI-MS). The two polyanions SrPd<sub>12</sub> L<sub>3</sub> with chain lengths of 5 and 6 are the first examples of polyoxopalladates that are soluble and stable in organic media. The Na salts of the amphiphilic polyoxopalladates SrPd<sub>12</sub> L<sub>3</sub> were shown to self-assemble into "blackberry"-type spherical supramolecular structures in dilute solutions, of which an unusual "volcano"-shaped trend of assembly size versus solvent polarity is chiefly influenced by directional hydrogen bonding interactions.
SINCO: A Novel structural regularizer for image compression using implicit neural representations (2022)

Implicit neural representations (INR) have been recently proposed as deep learning (DL) based solutions for image compression. An image can be compressed by training an INR model with fewer weights than the number of image pixels to map the coordinates of the image to corresponding pixel values. While traditional training approaches for INRs are based on enforcing pixel-wise image consistency, we propose to further improve image quality by using a new structural regularizer. We present structural regularization for INR compression (SINCO) as a novel INR method for image compression. SINCO imposes structural consistency of the compressed images to the groundtruth by using a segmentation network to penalize the discrepancy of segmentation masks predicted from compressed images. We validate SINCO on brain MRI images by showing that it can achieve better performance than some recent INR methods.
Anterior Cervical Arthrodesis Using a “Stand Alone” Cylindrical Titanium Cage (2010)

We noticed several unfavorable outcomes when performing an analysis of radiographic parameters after ACDF using a cylindrical titanium cage. Thus, the use of a "stand alone" cylindrical cage in ACDF should be considered with caution.
Delayed onset of fatal encephalitis in a COVID-19 positive patient (2021)

To our knowledge, this is the first description of a delayed onset cell-mediated encephalitis caused by COVID-19 virus after more than 40 days from the diagnosis.
Impact of Preexisting and Induced Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in an Adenovirus-Based Gene Therapy Phase I Clinical Trial for Localized Mesothelioma (1998)

Little is known about the immune responses induced by recombinant adenoviral (Ad) vectors in humans. The humoral and cellular immune responses were therefore analyzed in 21 patients with localized malignancy (mesothelioma), who received intrapleurally high doses of a replication-defective Ad5 vector carrying a suicide gene. Eight of 21 patients had pretreatment titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to Ad at > or =1:100. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferated in response to adenoviral 5 structural proteins before treatment in 17 of 21 patients. Preexisting humoral and cellular immunity did not preclude gene transfer. Vector instillation induced high titers of nonneutralizing and neutralizing anti-Ad antibody (4- to 341-fold increase in 18 of 20 patients) in a dose-dependent manner. Three patients generated antibodies to the transgene, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. Ad5-specific proliferation of PBMCs increased significantly (>3-fold) after vector administration in 12 of 21 patients in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, replication-defective Ad5 administered intrapleurally induced significant humoral and cellular immune responses that induced no obvious adverse clinical sequelae.