gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-modal Correlated Network for emotion recognition in speech (2019)

With the growing demand of automatic emotion recognition system, emotion recognition is becoming more and more crucial for human–computer interaction (HCI) research. Recently, there is a continuous improvement in the performance of automatic emotion recognition due to the development of both hardware and deep learning methods. However, because of the abstract concept and multiple expressions of emotion, automatic emotion recognition is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-modal Correlated Network for emotion recognition aiming at exploiting the information from both audio and visual channels to achieve more robust and accurate detection. In the proposed method, the audio signals and visual signals are first preprocessed for the feature extraction. After preprocessing, we obtain the Mel-spectrograms, which can be treated as images, and the representative frames from visual segments. Then the Mel-spectrograms are fed to the convolutional neural network (CNN) to get the audio features and the representative frames are fed to the CNN and LSTM to get features. Specially, we employ the triplet loss to increase the differentiation of inter-class. Meanwhile, we propose a novel correlated loss to reduce the differentiation of intra-class. Finally, we apply the feature fusion method to fuse the audio and visual feature for emotion recognition classification. The experimental result on AEFW dataset demonstrates the correlation information of multiple modals is crucial for automatic emotion recognition and the proposed method can achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the classification task.
2213. Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Hospitalized Native American Adults (2019)

Abstract Background Native Americans experience a high burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced for adults ≥65yrs in 2014. Data on CAP etiology can guide prevention and treatment. Methods We enrolled adults hospitalized with CAP and age-group-matched non-hospitalized controls on Navajo and White Mountain Apache tribal lands. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs from cases and controls were tested by multiplex PCR for respiratory pathogens. Urine from cases and controls was tested for pneumococcus (Sp) by conventional (BinaxNOW) and serotype-specific urine antigen detection (UAD) for 24 serotypes (PCV13 types plus 2, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, 22F, 33F). Blood culture and chest radiographs (CXRs) were obtained from cases at the provider’s discretion. Radiographic pneumonia was determined by clinical interpretation of CXRs. Results From March 2016 to March 2018, we enrolled 580 CAP cases with CXR confirmation and 411 controls. Positive blood culture was identified in 42/483 (9%), of which 29 (69%) were Sp. Sp was detected in 164/572 (29%) cases (table). Of 125 cases with serotype information available, serotypes 3 (n = 35; 28%) 8 (n = 19; 15%) and 20 (n = 15; 12%) were the most common. Among 53 Sp cases aged ≥65 years, 26 (49%) were PCV13-type. Compared with blood culture, UAD was 100% sensitive and 100% concordant (n = 24). Viruses were detected by NP/OP PCR in 43% of CAP cases and 18% of controls. Influenza A, parainfluenza type 3, rhinovirus, and RSV were statistically significantly associated with case status. Among 263 cases in whom all diagnostic tests were collected, 63% had a pathogen detected: bacteria alone in 19%, viruses alone in 23%, and both bacterial and viral infection in 22%. Bacterial causes outnumbered viral causes when adjusting for virus detection in the control population. Conclusion Pneumococci were the most common etiology identified among Native American adults with CAP. UAD improved detection of pneumococcal CAP. Respiratory viruses also contributed substantially to CAP burden. Broader prevention strategies, including new vaccines, are required to prevent viral pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia caused by serotypes not contained in currently-available vaccines. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
In vitro reconstitution and steady-state analysis of the fatty acid synthase from Escherichia coli (2011)

Microbial fatty acid derivatives are emerging as promising alternatives to fossil fuel derived transportation fuels. Among bacterial fatty acid synthases (FAS), the Escherichia coli FAS is perhaps the most well studied, but little is known about its steady-state kinetic behavior. Here we describe the reconstitution of E. coli FAS using purified protein components and report detailed kinetic analysis of this reconstituted system. When all ketosynthases are present at 1 μM, the maximum rate of free fatty acid synthesis of the FAS exceeded 100 μM/ min. The steady-state turnover frequency was not significantly inhibited at high concentrations of any substrate or cofactor. FAS activity was saturated with respect to most individual protein components when their concentrations exceeded 1 μM. The exceptions were FabI and FabZ, which increased FAS activity up to concentrations of 10 μM; FabH and FabF, which decreased FAS activity at concentrations higher than 1 μM; and holo-ACP and TesA, which gave maximum FAS activity at 30 μM concentrations. Analysis of the S36T mutant of the ACP revealed that the unusual dependence of FAS activity on holo-ACP concentration was due, at least in part, to the acyl-phosphopantetheine moiety. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of the reaction mixture further revealed medium and long chain fatty acyl-ACP intermediates as predominant ACP species. We speculate that one or more of such intermediates are key allosteric regulators of FAS turnover. Our findings provide a new basis for assessing the scope and limitations of using E. coli as a biocatalyst for the production of diesel-like fuels.
Localization of Electrical Defects in Hybrid Bonding Interconnect Structures by Scanning Photocapacitance Microscopy (2021)

We report a scanning photocapacitance microscopy technique for the localization of open electrical defects in hybrid bonding wafer-to-wafer (W2W) interconnect structures for 3-D system integration. Whereas the well-known optical beam-induced resistance (OBIRCH) method is effective for the localization of resistive opens and shorts, it cannot be applied on full electrical opens. Our approach uses a focused laser beam to stimulate the photocapacitance of the W2W interconnect, and by measuring its response, we can verify the electrical continuity of the structure. We show how illuminating the interconnects with light of suitable wavelength leads to an increase of the depletion capacitance due to carrier generation in the silicon substrate. Our measurement instrument uses a commercially available sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) capacitance-to-digital converter chip with a capacitance sensing resolution down to 4 aF. We demonstrate this methodology on large open-failed W2W interconnect chains with sub-micrometer hybrid-bonded interconnect pad dimensions and confirm our results by optical and transmission electron microscopy.
The Effect of Repetition Rate on Air-Conducted Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (oVEMPs) (2015)

Using repetition rates of approximately 5 Hz or less may produce more consistent oVEMP response presence with minimal effects on amplitude for monaural or binaural recordings.
Facile fabrication of robust nanofiltration membrane with high permeance and selectivity for dye/salt separation (2023)

Loose nanofiltration (LNF) membranes can be used to treat textile wastewater if the membranes meet stringent criteria on permeability, selectivity, and structural stability. In this work, a novel LNF membrane was developed by interfacial polymerization (IP) process between 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The structure of TAPB, which is a symmetric and non-planar triamine monomer with four benzene rings, is beneficial for the formation of a rigid active layer with a uniform pore size and high porosity. This novel LNF membrane was fabricated in two steps. First, TAPB was blended with polyether sulfone (PES) to prepare a substrate via the phase inversion process. Second, TMC was cross-linked with the TAPB-embedded PES substrate via the IP reaction. The microstructure, surface properties, and dye/salt separation performance of the novel LNF membranes were systematically investigated in this study. The optimized membrane showed outstanding water permeance (185.8 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), low salt rejections (22.4% for Na2SO4 and 12.4% for NaCl), and excellent rejection for various dyes (99.8% for Congo Red, 99.1% for Direct Red 23, 98.1% for Reactive Black 5 and 88.8% for Reactive Orange 16). Moreover, the resultant membrane showed excellent stability and antifouling properties during a long-term filtration test of 72 h using aqueous dye/salt mixtures. This study provides a facile and novel IP strategy to fabricate high-performance LNF membranes using water-insoluble amine monomers, which have a high potential for dye/salt separation applications.
Nasal Nitric Oxide Measurement in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. A Technical Paper on Standardized Testing Protocols (2019)

Nasal nitric oxide concentrations are extremely low in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), and measurement of this nasal gas is recommended as a PCD diagnostic test in cooperative patients aged 5 years and older. However, nasal nitric oxide measurements must be performed with chemiluminescence analyzers using a standardized protocol to ensure proper results, because nasal nitric oxide values can be influenced by various internal and external factors. Repeat nasal nitric oxide testing on separate visits is required to ensure that low diagnostic values are persistent and consistent with PCD. This technical paper presents the standard operating procedures for nasal nitric oxide measurement used by the PCD Foundation Clinical and Research Centers Network at various specialty centers across North America. Adherence to this document ensures reliable nasal nitric oxide testing and high diagnostic accuracy when employed in a population with appropriate clinical phenotypes for PCD.
Novel Bioplastic from Single Cell Protein as a Potential Packaging Material (2021)

Microbial treatment of biodegradable wastes not only ensures neutralization of harmful substances such as volatile organic compounds but also enables valorization and bio-circularity within the society. Single cell protein (SCP) is a value-added product that can be obtained from biodegradable waste materials such as food waste via microbial fermentation. In this article, SCP derived from potato starch waste was demonstrated as a viable alternative to existing plant/animal proteins used in the production of films, for example, packaging applications. Flexible glycerol-plasticized SCP films were prepared through compression molding, and tensile tests revealed strength and stiffness similar to other plasticized protein films. The oxygen barrier properties were significantly better compared to the common polyethylene packaging material, but as with other highly polar materials, the SCP material must be shielded from moisture if used in, for example, food packaging. The biodegradation test revealed a similar degradation pattern as observed for a household compostable bag. The results showed that SCP-based bioplastic films can be considered as potential alternative to the existing plant/animal protein films and certain synthetic polymers. An important advantage with these protein materials is that they do not cause problems similar to microplastics.
Structural Modifications in Bilayered Molecular Systems Lead to Predictable Changes in Their Electronic Properties (2014)

This study uses a novel surface engineering approach to demonstrate the influence of organic functional group substitutions on molecular electronic properties. Specifically, bilayered organic monomolecular systems immobilized on an inorganic electrode as the charge‐injecting components of organic electronic devices are compared. Recent literature reports demonstrate that structural modification in functional monolayers have unpredictable effects on their electronic properties. These studies indicate that the structure most certainly plays an important role, but its effect on the molecular resistance is diminished due to differences in other monolayer parameters. It is demonstrated that a separate control over the monolayer geometry and its chemical structure is required in order to observe predictable structure‐property relations. Here, bilayered molecular interfaces, comprising inert and functional layers whose properties can be independently controlled, are formed. It is shown that 1) the charge transfer through the bilayered system is sensitive to small structural molecular changes; 2) that it can be controlled and predicted by controlling the electron‐withdrawing or donating nature of the organic moiety; and 3) that the differences in the charge transfer dynamics of two bilayered systems can be visualized via patterned electroluminescence.
Whole genome sequencing in transposition of the great arteries and associations with clinically relevant heart, brain and laterality genes (2021)

We present compelling evidence that the majority of TGA is not caused by monogenic rare variants and is most likely oligogenic and/or polygenic in nature, highlighting the complex genetic architecture and multifactorial influences on this CHD sub-type and its long-term sequelae. Assessment of variant burden in key heart, brain and/or laterality genes may be required to unravel the genetic contributions to TGA and related disabilities.
CIRRIS‐1A measurements of stratospheric carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) (1998)

Stratospheric infrared spectral measurements were made by the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS‐1A) during the Space Transportation System 39 mission (28 April to 6 May 1991). The moderate‐resolution (1.0 cm −1 ) spectra from the CIRRIS‐1A measurements reveal infrared emissions from the stratospheric gases of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and carbon tetrafluoride (CF 4 ). Volume‐mixing ratios of these gases were retrieved using FASCOD3 with the HITRAN96 database as a forward model. These volume‐mixing ratios are compared with other measurements.
Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia Resulting From Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Overexpression During a Critical Period (2014)

The findings indicate that VEGF-C overexpression can induce pulmonary lymphangiectasia during a critical period in perinatal development.
Drop Breakup in Liquid-Liquid Dispersions at an Orifice Plate Observed in a Large-Scale Model (2002)

Fine emulsions, i.e. a dispersion of fine liquid droplets in another liquid, can be obtained by forced flow of a coarse predispersion through small orifices. Direct observations of droplets at the original scale is nearly impossible. A promising solution is a large scale-up, considering the most important scale factors. The experiments presented here were conducted on a model 250 times the original size, while maintaining strong hydromechanical similarity. The breakup of single oil droplets in water was documented with a highspeed camera.
Incorporating Naturalistic Correlation Structure Improves Spectrogram Reconstruction from Neuronal Activity in the Songbird Auditory Midbrain (2011)

Birdsong is comprised of rich spectral and temporal organization, which might be used for vocal perception. To quantify how this structure could be used, we have reconstructed birdsong spectrograms by combining the spike trains of zebra finch auditory midbrain neurons with information about the correlations present in song. We calculated maximum a posteriori estimates of song spectrograms using a generalized linear model of neuronal responses and a series of prior distributions, each carrying different amounts of statistical information about zebra finch song. We found that spike trains from a population of mesencephalicus lateral dorsalis (MLd) neurons combined with an uncorrelated Gaussian prior can estimate the amplitude envelope of song spectrograms. The same set of responses can be combined with Gaussian priors that have correlations matched to those found across multiple zebra finch songs to yield song spectrograms similar to those presented to the animal. The fidelity of spectrogram reconstructions from MLd responses relies more heavily on prior knowledge of spectral correlations than temporal correlations. However, the best reconstructions combine MLd responses with both spectral and temporal correlations.
Effects of Recombinant Cytokines on Colony Formation by Irradiated Human Cord Blood CD34 + Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (1997)

The role of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors in radiation repair has become a subject of increasing interest in both clinical and basic radiobiology. Combinations of cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin (IL)-3, IL-11, kit ligand, GM-CSF and erythropoietin were used to study the in vitro radiation dose response of human cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells using clonogenic survival assays. CD34+ cells were isolated by immunomagnetic selection and irradiated at 8 cGy/min. Irradiated cells were plated in methylcellulose with or without added cytokines, and hematopoietic colonies including CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-GEMM were scored on day 14. The radiation response characteristics of BFU-E and CFU-GEMM were similar for all culture conditions tested. The D0 values for BFU-E ranged between 1.29 and 2.40 Gy and n between 1.0 and 1.4. The D0 values for CFU-GEMM ranged from 86 cGy to 2.02 Gy and n between 1.0 and 1.5. The D0 for CFU-GM grown without added factors was 1.03 Gy. With single cytokine stimulation (IL-3, IL-11 or varying concentrations of HGF), D0 values ranged from 1.11 to 1.44 Gy. With the combination of IL-3, GM-CSF, kit ligand and HGF, D0 values were not significantly altered and ranged between 1.61 and 2.60 Gy. In contrast, the combination of IL-11 and HGF produced an increase in the shoulder of the radiation survival curve (n = 3.35). No increase in the shoulder was detected for any of the other conditions tested (n = 1.0-1.7). Thus the combination of HGF and IL-11 increased the radiation survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells forming CFU-GM. Understanding the mechanism by which combinations of early-acting growth factors support postirradiation recovery of primitive clonogenic hematopoietic cells may be relevant to the design of clinical protocols for improving hematopoietic recovery after total-body irradiation.
A 3.6GHz, 16mW &#x03A3;&#x0394; DAC for a 802.11n / 802.16e transmitter with 30dB digital power control in 90nm CMOS (2008)

This paper presents a SigmaDelta DAC based transmitter (TX) baseband for 802.11n / 802.16e with channel filtering and gain control performed in the digital domain. The effect of circuit imperfections on TX EVM is analyzed for a robust line-up with gain control and the design of the high speed SigmaDelta modulator is described. The SigmaDelta DAC fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process operates up to 3.6 GHz while drawing 16 mW from a 1.3 V supply.
Abstract 2549: A long non-coding RNA regulates the androgen receptor and mediates prostate cancer progression (2017)

Abstract The pervasive expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their roles in a plethora of cellular processes has revolutionized our understanding of functional genetic elements. Emerging evidence suggest that lncRNAs are promising cancer biomarkers and dysregulation of lncRNAs results in attenuated or accelerated oncogenic phenotypes. In support of these findings, recent reports from the Chinnaiyan lab suggest that lncRNAs can potentially drive and act as independent predictors of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Central to PCa progression is the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear hormone receptor, and the dysregulated transcription program it mediates. Consequently, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) supplemented with anti-androgens is the initial standard-of-care in treating advanced PCa. Yet, the disease often manifests as a lethal, hormone-refractory castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after initial ADT and this phenomenon is linked to the resumption of AR activity. Therefore, we sought to identify novel and therapeutically actionable targets of AR that can detect the onset of PCa or stratify PCa variants. To this end, our lab recently characterized the transcriptional landscape of cancer and discovered &amp;gt; 50,000 novel transcripts, a significant fraction of which were tissue- and cancer-specific lncRNAs. Using this updated transcriptome as a reference and performing RNA-seq on PCa cells stimulated with dihydrotestosterone (an androgen), we identified Androgen Receptor regulated lncRNA-1 (ARlnc1) as an important PCa-specific, AR-regulated lncRNA that reciprocally regulates AR. By employing single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH), we find that ARlnc1 and AR transcripts colocalize within the nucleus of PCa cells and that ARlnc1 promotes transcription of AR. Moreover, we found that ARlnc1 interacts with anti-apoptotic, stress-granule related proteins and regulates PCa cell proliferation in vitro and in mouse xenografts. We have additionally found that anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that target this lncRNA can reduce tumor growth in xenograft models. Taken together, our data suggests that ARlnc1 and AR reciprocally and positively modulate each other to promote PCa progression and that ARlnc1 may serve as an enhancer RNA that regulates AR transcription. Our data suggests that ARlnc1 can be therapeutically targeted to orthogonally modulate the AR signaling axis for PCa treatment. Citation Format: Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya, Rohit Malik, Marcin Cieslik, Yajia Zhang, Xia Jiang, Arul M. Chinnaiyan. A long non-coding RNA regulates the androgen receptor and mediates prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2549
β‐Fragmentation of alkoxyl radicals: Natural bond orbital analysis (2005)

Abstract Alkoxyl radicals are often generated in order to perform regioselective hydrogen atom abstraction. However, their β‐fragmentation generates alkyl radicals that are less efficient to abstract hydrogen atoms. We have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations [UB3LYP/6‐31+G( d,p )] followed by a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis on a series of alkoxyl radicals. The β‐fragmentation of these radicals is discussed in terms of bond population and hyperconjugative interactions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006