gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lamps (2001)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Light Generation 2.1. Thermal Radiation from Solids 2.2. Radiation from Gas Discharges 2.3. Radiation from Semiconductors (LEDs) 2.4. Modeling of Lamps 3. Main Types of Lamps 4. Lamp Chemistry 4.1. General 4.2. Transport Chemistry 4.2.1. Principles 4.2.2. Incandescent Lamps 4.2.3. Halogen Incandescent Lamps 4.2.4. Metal Halide Lamps 5. Basic Lamp Materials 5.1. Metals 5.2. Glass 5.2.1. Production and Composition 5.2.2. Properties 5.2.3. Glasses for Lamp Types 5.2.4. Glass-to-Metal Seals 5.3. Polycrystalline Alumina 5.4. Fluorescent Powders 6. Special Lamp Materials 6.1. Getters 6.2. Amalgams 6.3. Emitters 6.4. Cements and Marking Paints 7. Coatings 8. Lamp Production 9. Economic Aspects and Uses
Abstract 3429: Synthetic lethal RNAi screens to nominate potential therapeutic combinations for uveal melanoma (2014)

Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common form of ocular cancer in adults and metastatic disease currently has no effective therapy. Over 80% of UM tumors harbor activating mutations in the heterotrimeric G protein α subunits GNAQ or GNA11. These mutations induce protein kinase C (PKC) and the MAP kinase pathway, which signals through RAF, MEK, and ERK. Clinical trials of MEK and PKC inhibitors are underway to treat UM, however, novel therapeutic strategies may be required for effective treatment. To identify rational combination therapies in the context of MEK or PKC inhibition, we performed a pooled, genome-wide synthetic lethal RNA interference screen. Candidate genes whose silencing sensitizes GNAQ/11-mutant UM cells to MEK or PKC inhibition were nominated and further validated across a panel of cell lines using a custom pool of shRNAs. Several genes scored well across all cell lines. The top MEK inhibitor sensitizer was BRAF, thereby highlighting the importance of MAPK signaling in UM. Several non-MAPK pathway genes were also nominated and may represent novel pathways for the development of combination therapies. Citation Format: Chelsea S. Place, Glenn S. Cowley, David E. Root, Levi A. Garraway. Synthetic lethal RNAi screens to nominate potential therapeutic combinations for uveal melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3429. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3429
Perylene-Based Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Fluorescent J-Aggregates, and Electrochemical Properties (2023)

The incorporation of electroactive organic building blocks into coordination polymers (CPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offers a promising approach for adding electronic functionalities such as redox activity, electrical conductivity, and luminescence to these materials. The incorporation of perylene moieties into CPs is, in particular, of great interest due to its potential to introduce both luminescence and redox properties. Herein, we present an innovative synthesis method for producing a family of highly crystalline and stable coordination polymers based on perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate (PTC) and various transition metals (TMs = Co, Ni, and Zn) with an isostructural framework. The crystal structure of the <b>PTC-TM</b> CPs, obtained through powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, provides valuable insights into the composition and organization of the building blocks within the CP. The perylene moieties are arranged in a herringbone pattern, with short distances between adjacent ligands, which contributes to the dense and highly organized framework of the material. The photophysical properties of <b>PTC-Zn</b> were thoroughly studied, revealing the presence of J-aggregation-based and monomer-like emission bands. These bands were experimentally identified, and their behavior was further understood through the use of quantum-chemical calculations. Solid-state cyclic voltammetry experiments on <b>PTC-TMs</b> showed that the perylene redox properties are maintained within the CP framework. This study presents a simple and effective approach for synthesizing highly stable and crystalline perylene-based CPs with tunable optical and electrochemical properties in the solid state.
Vinyl ether resist system for UV-cured nanoimprint lithography (2006)

Cationic curing of vinyl ethers for step-and-flash nanoimprint lithography is described. Photochemical acid generators for use in the vinyl ether formulation were carefully selected on the basis of their solubility in neat lipophilic vinyl ether. Our favorite acid generators include diphenyltolylsulfonium triflate, CGI261, CGI1905, CGI1906, and CGI1907. The CGI1900 series is sensitive to i-line irradiation while the former two can be sensitized to 365 nm radiation by adding 9-anthracenemethanol. Phenothiazine is also an effective i-line sensitizer of the sulfonium salt. A major problem associated with the vinyl ether curing material is poor storage stability and the formulation rapidly solidifies at room temperature. However, it has been found that anthracenemethanol can stabilize the sulfonium salt and CGI formulations against the aging. Phenothiazine extends the shelf life of the sulfonium salt system but violently reacts with the CGI PAGs. Volatility of the vinyl ethers was measured by thermogravimetric analysis at room temperature. Photochemical curing of the formulations was investigated by FT-IR and also by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) equipped with a UV lamp. The photo-DSC analysis was particularly useful in ascertaining the cure kinetics and the efficacy of the sensitization. Preliminary imprint experiments successfully printed 50 nm dense features.
Response of Four Apple Cultivars to 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment and Controlled Atmosphere Storage (2005)

Apples [ Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. (`Gala', `Delicious', `Granny Smith' and `Fuji')], pretreated or nontreated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 0.6 to 1.0 μL·L –1 for 18 hours at 20 °C), were stored in controlled atmosphere (CA, 1 to 1.5 kPa O 2 ; 1 to 2 kPa CO 2 ) or in regular atmosphere (RA) for up to 8 months at 1 °C. Firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), and volatile abundance were analyzed every month directly or after transfer to air at 20 °C for 1 week to determine effect of 1-MCP, storage atmosphere and storage time on apple quality immediately after cold storage and after simulated marketing conditions at 20 °C. The 1-MCP ± CA treatments delayed ripening and prolonged storage life as indicated by delayed loss of firmness and TA in all four cultivars during storage. The 1-MCP ± CA also slightly delayed loss of SSC for `Gala' but had no effect on SSC levels for the other cultivars. There were differences among treatments for firmness and TA content [(1-MCP + RA) &gt; CA] for `Gala', `Delicious', and `Granny Smith' apples, but not for `Fuji'. These differences were generally exacerbated after transfer of fruit to 20 °C for 1 week. A combination of 1-MCP + CA was generally best [(1-MCP + CA) &gt; (1-MCP + RA) or CA] for maintaining `Delicious' firmness and TA. However, the treatments that were most effective at retaining TA and firmness also retained the least volatiles. The results indicate that the efficacy of 1-MCP and CA in maintaining apple quality factors is cultivar dependent and that 1-MCP + RA may be a viable alternative to CA for optimal eating quality for some cultivars.
Corticosteroid effect on eosinophils in vitro: ultrastructural studies. (1975)

The effect of corticosteroids, ultracortene and ACTH, on the eosinophilic cells of a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome has been studied in vitro. Both drugs caused a marked decrease in the number of specific granules, a disappearance of their surrounding membrane and an almost complete destruction of their crystals. In addition, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, swelling of the mitochondria and distortion of their cristae were found. Incubation of the eosinophils with the antihistaminic drug mepyramine, did not produce ultrastructural alterations.
21215 Modeling of droplet evaporation phenomena on Si wafer (2013)

In order to investigate the evaporation phenomena of a small droplet on Si wafer after CMP processing, the droplet evaporation process was observed. As the result, the droplet evaporation process was categorized into constant contact radius (CCR) and constant contact angle (CCA) types. In this paper, mathematical models for droplet evaporation phenomena of CCR and CCA types were developed based on the one-dimensional diffusion equation. And the transition time from CCR to CCA was predicted using the advancing contact angle and the receding contact angle. The calculation result by model equation was compared with the experimental result.
Food-Restriction in Obese Dyslipidaemic Diabetic Mice Partially Restores Basal Contractility but not Contractile Reserve (2009)

Food-restriction in obese diabetic mice leads to improved cardiac performance by diminishing cardiac load and by ameliorating the intrinsic contractile properties of the cardiac muscle. However, cardiac reserve under dobutamine stimulation did not increase.
[1]Benzofuro[3,2‐b]pyridin‐4‐yl‐amines — Synthesis and Investigation of Activity Against Malaria. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nondestructive photoacoustic subsurface tissue imaging: a feasibility study (1996)

Photoacoustic (PA) techniques may be used for imaging of absorbing structures within a light scattering medium. By use of an array of detectors, the macroscopic structure of the absorbers in the medium may be determined, based on differences in light absorption. A physical explanation of the spherical PA profile is presented, from which the signals generated by other source geometries can be derived. The potentialities of PA imaging of blood perfused tissue have been investigated. Experiments were performed with a pulsed frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser which delivered 10 ns pulses at 532 nm wavelength. Dilutions of India ink, dyed epoxy strands and dyed polystyrene spheres acted as PA sources. Characteristic source dimensions varied between ca. 10 and 250 micrometer. The PA signals were detected with wide band piezoelectric transducers made of 9 and 28 micrometer thick PVdF film with mm and sub-mm lateral dimensions. Detection distances were between 1 and 50 mm. Nonlinear effects have been observed for higher levels of absorbed energy. Dilutions of Liposyn were used as optically scattering media. The calculations suggest the applicability of the method. For imaging of dermal blood vessels up to a depth of 1 mm, piezoelectric signals in the (mu) V range may be expected. The experimental PA signals contain significant frequency components up to 75 MHz, depending on the source characteristics. In principle from such signals the detection distance can be determined with micrometer resolution. The detectors show a forward directivity caused by acoustic interference on the detector surface which depends on the lateral dimensions and the acoustic pulse shape and pulse duration. Optical attenuation coefficients of the Liposyn dilutions have been determined photoacoustically. A spatial resolution of ca. 5-50 micrometer was achieved in the reconstruction of the PA source locations.
Measuring the viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films by thermal wrinkling | NIST (2010)

2-4 it is important to understand and control the viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films. While there are approaches capable of measuring the viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films, 5-9 they are limited by 1) the inability to measure both the temperature-dependent modulus and viscosity, and 2) the lack of applicability to small length scales due to their complexity. One interesting strategy to measure the viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films is to take advantage of thermal wrinkling, which is a thermally-induced instability that develops when a polymer film is sandwiched between substrate and superstrate layers that are stiffer in comparison with the polymer layer. Due to the differences in coefficients of thermal expansion () between the polymer and inorganic layers (polymer > inorganic), a net compressive stress develops at the polymer-superstrate interface when this composite layer is heated to temperatures that promote mobility of the polymer layer. At a critical compressive stress, surface wrinkles develop on the superstrate surface characterized by an isotropic morphology that can be approximated as a sinusoidal profile. Based on this approach, we demonstrate that thermal wrinkling can be utilized to measure the rubbery modulus and shear viscosity of polystyrene (PS) thin films as a function of temperature. 10 Specifically, we use surface laser-light scattering (SLS) to characterize the wrinkled surface in real-time in order to monitor the changes in morphology as a function of annealing time at fixed annealing temperatures. The results from such experiments are compared to a theoretical model, 11 from which the viscoelastic properties of the PS thin film are extracted.
IMRT delivery verification using a spiral phantom (2003)

In this paper we report on the testing and verification of a system for IMRT delivery quality assurance that uses a cylindrical solid water phantom with a spiral trajectory for radiographic film placement. This spiral film technique provides more complete dosimetric verification of the entire IMRT treatment than perpendicular film methods, since it samples a three-dimensional dose subspace rather than using measurements at only one or two depths. As an example, the complete analysis of the predicted and measured spiral films is described for an intracranial IMRT treatment case. The results of this analysis are compared to those of a single field perpendicular film technique that is typically used for IMRT QA. The comparison demonstrates that both methods result in a dosimetric error within a clinical tolerance of 5%, however the spiral phantom QA technique provides a more complete dosimetric verification while being less time consuming. To independently verify the dosimetry obtained with the spiral film, the same IMRT treatment was delivered to a similar phantom in which LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters were arranged along the spiral trajectory. The maximum difference between the predicted and measured TLD data for the 1.8 Gy fraction was 0.06 Gy for a TLD located in a high dose gradient region. This further validates the ability of the spiral phantom QA process to accurately verify delivery of an IMRT plan.
Serine Phosphorylation of SR Proteins Is Required for Their Recruitment to Sites of Transcription In Vivo (1998)

Expression of most RNA polymerase II transcripts requires the coordinated execution of transcription, splicing, and 3' processing. We have previously shown that upon transcriptional activation of a gene in vivo, pre-mRNA splicing factors are recruited from nuclear speckles, in which they are concentrated, to sites of transcription (Misteli, T., J.F. Cáceres, and D.L. Spector. 1997. Nature. 387:523-527). This recruitment process appears to spatially coordinate transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the cell nucleus. Here we have investigated the molecular basis for recruitment by analyzing the recruitment properties of mutant splicing factors. We show that multiple protein domains are required for efficient recruitment of SR proteins from nuclear speckles to nascent RNA. The two types of modular domains found in the splicing factor SF2/ ASF exert distinct functions in this process. In living cells, the RS domain functions in the dissociation of the protein from speckles, and phosphorylation of serine residues in the RS domain is a prerequisite for this event. The RNA binding domains play a role in the association of splicing factors with the target RNA. These observations identify a novel in vivo role for the RS domain of SR proteins and suggest a model in which protein phosphorylation is instrumental for the recruitment of these proteins to active sites of transcription in vivo.
A Scalable Phonetic Vocoder Framework Using Joint Predictive Vector Quantization of Melp Parameters (2006)

We present the framework for a scalable phonetic vocoder (SPV) capable of operating at bit rates from 300 - 1100 bps. The underlying system uses an HMM-based phonetic speech recognizer to estimate the parameters for MELP speech synthesis. We extend this baseline technique in three ways. First, we introduce the concept of predictive time evolution to generate a smoother path for the synthesizer parameters, and show that it improves speech quality. Then, since the output speech from the phonetic vocoder is still limited by such low bit rates, we propose a scalable system where the accuracy of the MELP parameters is increased by vector quantizing the error signal between the true and phonetic-estimated MELP parameters. Finally, we apply an extremely flexible technique for exploiting correlations in these parameters over time, which we call joint predictive vector quantization (JPVQ). We show that significant quality improvement can be attained by adding as few as 400 bps to the baseline phonetic vocoder using JPVQ. The resulting SPV system provides a flexible platform for adjusting the phonetic vocoder bit rate and speech quality
Using Hardware-Transactional-Memory Support to Implement Thread-Level Speculation (2017)

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the application of Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) support for loop parallelization with Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) and describes a careful evaluation of the implementation of TLS on the HTM extensions available in such machines. The sample implementation of TLS over HTM described in this paper also provides evidence that the programming effort to implement TLS over HTM support is non-trivial. Thus the paper also describes an extension to OpenMP that both makes TLS more accessible to OpenMP programmers and allows for the easytuning of TLS parameters. As a result, it provides evidence to support several important claims about the performance of TLS over HTM in the Intel Core and the IBM POWER8 architectures. Experimental results reveal that by implementing TLS on top of HTM, speed-ups of up to 3.8x can be obtained for some loops.
Taming non-radiative recombination in Si nanocrystals interlinked in a porous network (2022)

A range of the distinctive physical properties, comprising high surface-to-volume ratio, possibility to achieve mechanical and chemical stability after a tailored treatment, controlled quantum confinement and the room-temperature photoluminescence, combined with mass production capabilities offer porous silicon unmatched capabilities required for the development of electro-optical devices. Yet, the mechanism of the charge carrier dynamics remains poorly controlled and understood. In particular, non-radiative recombination, often the main process of the excited carrier's decay, has not been adequately comprehended to this day. Here we show, that the recombination mechanism critically depends on the composition of surface passivation. That is, hydrogen passivated material exhibits Shockley-Read-Hall type of decay, while for oxidised surfaces, it proceeds by two orders of magnitude faster and exclusively through the Auger process. Moreover, it is possible to control the source of recombination in the same sample by applying a cyclic sequence of hydrogenation-oxidation-hydrogenation processes, and, consequently switching on-demand between Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger recombinations. Remarkably, irregardless of the recombination mechanism, the rate constant scales inversely with the average volume of individual silicon nanocrystals contained in the material. Thus, the type of the non-radiative recombination is established by the composition of the passivation, while its rate depends on the degree of the charge carriers' quantum confinement.
A comparison of algorithms for interprocedural class analysis (1996)

Message passing overhead is often a substantial source of runtime overhead in object-oriented applications. To combat this performance problem, a number of techniques have been developed to convert message sends into statically-bound procedure calls, which are then amenable to traditional compiler optimizations such as inline expansion. In this paper, we examine one such technique, interprocedural class analysis. We develop a general model for describing interprocedural class analysis algorithms, present several previously developed algorithms using this model, and empirically assess the algorithms by applying them to a suite of Cecil applications.
Sulfated polysaccharides as potent inhibitors of HIV-induced syncytium formation: a new strategy towards AIDS chemotherapy. (1990)

Multinucleated giant cell (syncytium) formation induced by the interaction between the gp120 glycoprotein expressed on the surface of cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1) and the CD4 receptor of uninfected CD4-positive (CD4+) cells may play an important role in the depletion of T4 lymphocytes in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Using a double fluorescence cell-staining technique and analysis of the cells by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), we have demonstrated that giant cell formation between persistently HIV-1-infected HUT-78 cells and uninfected MOLT-4 cells results in a selective destruction of the uninfected CD4+ MOLT-4 cells. Apparently, bystander CD4+ cells may serve as targets for the killing effect of the HIV-1-infected cells, and this killing effect is preceded by fusion between the target (uninfected) and aggressor (infected) cells. Pentosan polysulfate, dextran sulfate, and various other sulfated polysaccharides, but not heparin, have proved to inhibit this cell fusion process and hence protect the target CD4+ cells against destruction by the killer HIV-1-infected cells. Azidothymidine does not interfere with this process. Assuming that fusion between HIV-infected and uninfected CD4+ cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of AIDs, any compounds that specifically interfere with this process may be therapeutically advantageous in the treatment of this disease.