gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling of Metal-Based Light-Harvesting Antennas and Electron-Donor Subunits: Trinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Tetrathiafulvalene-Substituted Polypyridine Ligands (2002)

Three new tetrathiafulvalene-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine ligands, cis-bpy-TTF(1), trans-bpy-TTF(1), and cis-bpy-TTF(2) have been prepared and characterized. X-ray analysis of trans-bpy-TTF(1) is also reported. Such ligands have been used to prepare two new trinuclear Ru(II) complexes, namely, [[(bpy)(2)Ru(micro-2,3-dpp)](2)Ru(bpy-TTF(1))](PF(6))(6) (9; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; 2,3-dpp=2,3-bis(2'-pyridyl)pyrazine) and [[(bpy)(2)Ru(micro-2,3-dpp)](2)Ru(bpy-TTF(2))](PF(6))(6) (10). These compounds can be viewed as coupled antennas and charge-separation systems, in which the multichromophoric trinuclear metal subunits act as light-harvesting antennas and the tetrathiafulvalene electron donors can induce charge separation. The absorption spectra, redox behavior, and luminescence properties (both at room temperature in acetonitrile and at 77 K in a rigid matrix of butyronitrile) of the trinuclear metal complexes have been studied. For the sake of completeness, the mononuclear compounds [(bpy)(2)Ru(bpy-TTF(1))](PF(6))(2) (7) and [(bpy)(2)Ru(bpy-TTF(2))](PF(6))(2) (8) were also synthesized and studied. The properties of the tetrathiafulvalene-containing species were compared to those of the model compounds [Ru(bpy)(2)(4,4'-Mebpy)](2+) (4,4'-Mebpy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [[(bpy)(2)Ru(micro-2,3-dpp)](2)Ru(bpy)](6+). The absorption spectra and redox behavior of all the new metal compounds can be interpreted by a multicomponent approach, in which specific absorption features and redox processes can be assigned to specific subunits of the structures. The luminescence properties of the complexes in rigid matrices at 77 K are very similar to those of the corresponding model compounds without TTF moieties, whereas the new species are nonluminescent, or exhibit very weak emissions relative to those of the model compounds in fluid solution at room temperature. Time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the potentially luminescent MLCT states of 7-10 are significantly shorter lived than the corresponding states of the model species. Photoinduced electron-transfer processes from the TTF moieties to the (excited) MLCT chromophore(s) are held responsible for the quenching processes.
Cover Picture: Reprogramming the Biosynthesis of Cyclodepsipeptide Synthetases to Obtain New Enniatins and Beauvericins (ChemBioChem 4/2016) (2016)

The cover picture shows the non-ribosomally synthesized cyclodepsipeptides PF1022, beauvericin and enniatin with high pharmacological importance because of their various bioactivities. Today, PF1022 and derivatives are under trials for use for treatment of neglected diseases like filariasis, which is of considerable interest due to the more recent development of resistances against the anthelmintic avermectin. Based on the modular organization of NRPS we considered each module to be a piece of a jigsaw puzzle that can be replaced by the corresponding piece of a homologous NRPS enzyme: the first module of the PF1022 was exchanged for the respective module of the enniatin and beauvericin synthetases to create new-to-nature cyclodepsipeptides with promising bioactivities. We were able to express the different artificial NRPS enzymes of fungal origin in both, Escherichia coli and the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. An anthelmintic bioactivity assay revealed promising bioactivity against microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis. More information can be found in the communication by R. D. Süssmuth et al. on page 283 in Issue 4, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500649).
Dissecting Customized Protocols (2016)

IEEE 802.15.4 is widely used as lower layers for not only wellknown wireless communication standards such as ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, and WirelessHART, but also customized protocols developed by manufacturers, particularly for various Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Customized protocols are not usually publicly disclosed nor standardized. Moreover, unlike textual protocols (e.g., HTTP, SMTP, POP3.), customized protocols for IoT devices provide no clues such as strings or keywords that are useful for analysis. Instead, they use bits or bytes to represent header and body information in order to save power and bandwidth. On the other hand, they often do not employ encryption, fragmentation, or authentication to save cost and effort in implementations. In other words, their security relies only on the confidentiality of the protocol itself.
Zeolite science and technology at Eni (2016)

This article reviews the results obtained in the synthesis, characterization and applications of zeolites and related microporous materials, focusing on catalytic processes developed in Eni research laboratories over the last 40 years.
High performance multimodal CARS microscopy using a single femtosecond source (2010)

Traditional CARS microscopy using picosecond (ps) lasers has been applied to a wide variety of applications; however, the lasers required are expensive and require an environmentally stable lab. In our work, we demonstrate CARS microscopy using a single femtosecond (fs) laser combined with a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and optimal chirping to achieve similar performance to the ps case with important added advantages: fs-CARS utilizes versatile source that allows CARS to be combined with other multiphoton techniques (e.g. SHG, TPF) for multimodal imaging without changing laser sources. This provides an attractive entry point for many researchers to the field. Furthermore, optimal chirping in fs-CARS also opens the door to the combination and extension of other techniques used in ps CARS microscopy such as multiplex and FM imaging. The key advantage with chirped fs pulses is that time delay corresponds to spectral scanning and allows for rapid modulation of the resonant CARS signal. The combination of a fs oscillator with a PCF leads to a natural extension of the technology towards an all-fiber source for multimodal multiphoton microscopy. An all-fiber system should be more robust against environmental fluctuations while being more compact than free-space systems. We have constructed and demonstrated a proof of concept all-fiber based source that can be used for simultaneous CARS, TPF and SHG imaging. This system is capable of imaging tissue samples and live cell cultures with 4 &mu;s/pixel dwell time at low average powers.
On the correlation between the failure of vascular grafts and their structural and material properties: A critical analysis (1986)

A statistical investigation of reported vascular graft failures over a period of 30 years is undertaken. The most important causes of graft failure are underlined, as well as the time to failure and relative frequency of each failure mechanism. This brings out the need for a critical review of the properties of basic textile structures used in today's vascular prosthetic grafts. The physiologic and structural factors which contribute to mechanical failure of arteries and artery/implant composite systems are analyzed. The importance of obtaining the complete set of time-dependent elastic constants of the artery--which is viewed as an anisotropic material--is pointed out. Future research areas important for characterizing the mechanical behavior of artery/implant systems are suggested, with the aim of establishing rational standards for prosthesis evaluation.
Spectral characteristics of second-order optical nonlinearities in poled polymer films containing charged chromophore aggregates (1997)

We report measurements of the frequency dependence of anomalous second-order electric susceptibilities of polymer films containing hyperpolarizable chromophore guest molecules and poled using coplanar electrodes. The frequency dependence, polarization dependence, and magnitude of the observed second-order susceptibilities are radically different from those of conventional corona-field poling experiments and cannot be explained by isolated chromophore models. These observations and the results of sum-over-states perturbative electronic structure calculations argue for the importance of positively charged chromophore aggregates.
Effect of Grinder Pretreatment for Easy Disintegration of Chitin into Nanofiber (2017)

Chitin nanofibers were prepared by grinder pretreatments and subsequent mechanical treatment using a high-pressure water-jet (HPWJ) system. From SEM observations, grinder pretreatment improved disintegration efficiency in subsequent HPWJ treatment. That is, with pretreatment, excellent nanofiber networks were observed after a single HPWJ treatment, and sufficient nano-fibrillation was accomplished with 5 cycles of HPWJ treatments. The characteristic crystalline structure of α -chitin and degree of relative crystallinity were maintained after a series of mechanical treatments. From UV-Vis spectra, grinder pretreatment improved transparency of chitin nanofiber slurry, indicating the pretreatment facilitated subsequent HPWJ mechanical disintegration. Viscosities of chitin nanofiber slurry also showed that the grinder pretreatment and HPWJ treatment disintegrated the chitin into nanofiber very well. However, excessive HPWJ treatment decreased nano-fiber length, resulting in lower viscosity.
Reading the glyco-code: New approaches to studying protein–carbohydrate interactions (2022)

The surface of all living cells is decorated with carbohydrate molecules. Hundreds of functional proteins bind to these glycosylated ligands; such binding events subsequently modulate many aspects of protein and cell function. Identifying ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) is a defining challenge of glycoscience research. Here, we review recent advances that are allowing protein-carbohydrate interactions to be dissected with an unprecedented level of precision. We specifically highlight how cell-based glycan arrays and glyco-genomic profiling are being used to define the structural determinants of glycan-protein interactions in living cells. Going forward, these methods create exciting new opportunities for the study of glycans in physiology and disease.
Validation of high-speed broadband satellite communications on airborne platforms (2010)

The desire for satellite-based airborne communications on the move (COTM) has been an emerging trend in recent communication systems. This has been true for both DoD and Civilian systems being deployed. Early implementations of COTM have mostly been focused on the Land-Mobile environment, but this is starting to broaden into other domains as well. There is burgeoning domestic and international interest in airborne platforms to provide high-speed broadband communications. The predominant satellite-based implementations to date have been at frequencies such as L-band, which offers some benefits with omni-directional antennas and large coverage areas. However, these frequency ranges suffer from relatively low data rates (e.g., in the kbps range), overcrowding in key areas of operation, and expensive costs for end users. This has created a desire to shift some of the airborne communications to available Ku and Ka bands, both commercial and military. This paper will clarify the challenges of the airborne environment for satellite communications and present solutions for each of them. Areas that are especially challenging include satellite handover, Doppler correction, and coverage areas. Also, the results of a recent airborne demonstration with very small aperture terminals (VSAT)s are presented to validate a solution to this difficult but indispensable capability.
Toward human-assisted lexical unit discovery without text resources (2016)

This work addresses lexical unit discovery for languages without (usable) written resources. Previous work has addressed this problem using entirely unsupervised methodologies. Our approach in contrast investigates the use of linguistic and speaker knowledge which are often available even if text resources are not. We create a framework that benefits from such resources, not assuming orthographic representations and avoiding generation of word-level transcriptions. We adapt a universal phone recognizer to the target language and use it to convert audio into a searchable phone string for lexical unit discovery via fuzzy sub-string matching. Linguistic knowledge is used to constrain phone recognition output and to constrain lexical unit discovery on the phone recognizer output.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Placebo Rates in Induction and Maintenance Trials of Ulcerative Colitis (2016)

Objective assessment of greater disease activity at trial entry by endoscopy lowered placebo rates, whereas increasing trial duration and more interactions with healthcare providers increased placebo rates. These findings have important implications for design and conduct of clinical trials.
Stable adaptive control of a bipedal walking; robot with CMAC neural networks (2003)

We present a stable adaptive control approach for a bipedal walking robot. This approach utilizes a self-organizing CMAC neural network mechanism which has a fast training rate, high approximation accuracy and significant reduction in space complexity. In order to apply this control approach to a bipedal walking robot, a Cartesian virtual dynamics space is introduced based on the virtual model control concept. The adaptive CMAC neural network control approach identifies the unmodelled dynamics of the bipedal robot and ensures asymptotic system stability in a Lyapunov sense. It can also better accommodate unexpected external disturbances, enhancing the control robustness of the bipedal robot. The CMAC neural network structure, its training algorithm, and bipedal locomotion control are described. The simulation results for a walking robot are presented.
Science Impacts of the SPHEREx All-Sky Optical to Near-Infrared Spectral Survey II: Report of a Community Workshop on the Scientific Synergies Between the SPHEREx Survey and Other Astronomy Observatories (2018)

SPHEREx is a proposed NASA MIDEX mission selected for Phase A study. SPHEREx would carry out the first all-sky spectral survey in the near infrared. At the end of its two-year mission, SPHEREx would obtain 0.75-to-5$μ$m spectra of every 6.2 arcsec pixel on the sky, with spectral resolution R&gt;35 and a 5-$σ$ sensitivity AB$&gt;$19 per spectral/spatial resolution element. More details concerning SPHEREx are available at http://spherex.caltech.edu. The SPHEREx team has proposed three specific science investigations to be carried out with this unique data set: cosmic inflation, interstellar and circumstellar ices, and the extra-galactic background light. Though these three themes are undoubtedly compelling, they are far from exhausting the scientific output of SPHEREx. Indeed, SPHEREx would create a unique all-sky spectral database including spectra of very large numbers of astronomical and solar system targets, including both extended and diffuse sources. These spectra would enable a wide variety of investigations, and the SPHEREx team is dedicated to making the data available to the community to enable these investigations, which we refer to as Legacy Science. To that end, we have sponsored two workshops for the general scientific community to identify the most interesting Legacy Science themes and to ensure that the SPHEREx data products are responsive to their needs. In February of 2016, some 50 scientists from all fields met in Pasadena to develop these themes and to understand their implications for the SPHEREx mission. The 2016 workshop highlighted many synergies between SPHEREx and other contemporaneous astronomical missions, facilities, and databases. Consequently, in January 2018 we convened a second workshop at the Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge to focus specifically on these synergies. This white paper reports on the results of the 2018 SPHEREx workshop.
Correction: Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Associated with Primary Tooth Development during Infancy (2010)

Tooth development is a highly heritable process which relates to other growth and developmental processes, and which interacts with the development of the entire craniofacial complex. Abnormalities of tooth development are common, with tooth agenesis being the most common developmental anomaly in humans. We performed a genome-wide association study of time to first tooth eruption and number of teeth at one year in 4,564 individuals from the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC1966) and 1,518 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We identified 5 loci at P,5610 28 , and 5 with suggestive association (P,5610 26 ). The loci included several genes with links to tooth and other organ development (KCNJ2, EDA, HOXB2, RAD51L1, IGF2BP1, HMGA2, MSRB3). Genes at four of the identified loci are implicated in the development of cancer. A variant within the HOXB gene cluster associated with occlusion defects requiring orthodontic treatment by age 31 years.
Ischemia-like Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Mediates Down-regulation of Cell Surface γ-Aminobutyric AcidB Receptors via the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-induced Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein (C/EBP)-homologous Protein (CHOP) (2014)

Cerebral ischemia frequently leads to long-term disability and death. Excitotoxicity is believed to be the main cause for ischemia-induced neuronal death. Although a role of glutamate receptors in this process has been firmly established, the contribution of metabotropic GABAB receptors, which control excitatory neurotransmission, is less clear. A prominent characteristic of ischemic insults is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated with the up-regulation of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). After inducing ER stress in cultured cortical neurons by sustained Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores or by a brief episode of oxygen and glucose deprivation (in vitro model of cerebral ischemia), we observed an increased expression of CHOP accompanied by a strong reduction of cell surface GABAB receptors. Our results indicate that down-regulation of cell surface GABAB receptors is caused by the interaction of the receptors with CHOP in the ER. Binding of CHOP prevented heterodimerization of the receptor subunits GABAB1 and GABAB2 and subsequent forward trafficking of the receptors to the cell surface. The reduced level of cell surface receptors diminished GABAB receptor signaling and, thus, neuronal inhibition. These findings indicate that ischemia-mediated up-regulation of CHOP down-regulates cell surface GABAB receptors by preventing their trafficking from the ER to the plasma membrane. This mechanism leads to diminished neuronal inhibition and may contribute to excitotoxicity in cerebral ischemia.
Regeneration of corneal epithelium utilizing a collagen vitrigel membrane in rabbit models for corneal stromal wound and limbal stem cell deficiency (2014)

We have demonstrated that CV supports corneal epithelial differentiation and prevents epithelial hypertrophy, in addition to serving as a scaffold for hLEC transplantation, without complications.
On the costs of parameter uncertainties. Part 2: Impact of EVOP procedures on the optimization and design of experiments (2001)

Abstract Pinto (1998) showed that an economical value might be assigned to model parameter uncertainties, which could be used for process optimization and for taking decisions during sequential experimental designs. The procedure is extended to take into account the fact that plant operation conditions change with time, leading to improvements of the plant operation and allowing the partial recovering of losses introduced by uncertain parameters during plant design. It is shown that the use of EVOP (Evolutionary Operation Procedures) during plant operation may reduce the cost of parameter uncertainties, exerting a major impact on process optimization and optimal design of experiments.
Photonic integrated circuit optical buffer for packet-switched networks (2009)

A chip-scale optical buffer performs autonomous contention resolution for 40-byte packets with 99% packet recovery. The buffer consists of a fast, InP-based 2 x 2 optical switch and a silica-on-silicon low loss delay loop. The buffer is demonstrated in recirculating operation, but may be reconfigured in feed-forward operation for longer packet lengths. The recirculating buffer provides packet storage in integer multiples of the delay length of 12.86 ns up to 64.3 ns with 98% packet recovery. The buffer is used to resolve contention between two 40 Gb/s packet streams using multiple photonic chip optical buffers.
Adsorbate-adsorbate interactions from statistical analysis of STM images: N/Ru(0001) (1996)

Atomic nitrogen on Ru(0001) was prepared by dissociative chemisorption of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at 300 K. Nitrogen occupies the hcp threefold hollow site and is imaged as a depression with a diameter of about 5 \AA{}. Interactions between the adsorbed nitrogen atoms were obtained by statistical analysis of STM images, by extraction of the two-dimensional pair distribution function from the arrangement of the N atoms. Since the nearest-neighbor separations could be identified with atomic precision, the pair distribution function $g$ and hence the potential of mean force ${V}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ were obtained as a function of the discrete neighbor sites $j$ up to the tenth nearest neighbor. A comparison with Monte Carlo calculations for balls with a hard-sphere potential provides information about the pair potential ${V}_{\mathrm{pair}}(j)$: The nearest-neighbor site is strongly repulsive, the second-neighbor site is weakly repulsive, and the third-neighbor site is weakly attractive. These findings rationalize the absence of island formation and of a well-ordered 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 phase for the N/Ru(0001) system: At temperatures \ensuremath{\ge}300 K the attractive interaction on the third-neighbor site is too weak, while at lower temperatures the diffusion barrier of 0.9 eV represents a kinetic obstacle. The fact that the range of the interaction is identical to the diameter of the N-atom features in the STM topographs is taken as evidence that the interaction is caused by substrate-mediated electronic forces.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to Transition State Analogue of Glycosyltransferase Reaction ‐ Design and Synthesis of Selective Inhibitors of β‐1,4‐ Galactosyltransferase (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental hardware for real-time wideband speech coding (2005)

We describe experimental hardware designed to facilitate the implementation and testing of low bit-rate (56 kb/s) wideband (6 kHz) waveform coders of low to medium complexity.
SENSOR MATERIALS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH (2001)

Under the NSF-CRCD program, an innovative team-based and industry-oriented curriculum development is underway at The Ohio State University (OSU). This curriculum builds around the multifaceted partnership at the NSF Center for Industrial Sensors and Measurement (CISM) that provides a framework for interaction among scientists, engineers, students and business leaders. Under this program, a three-course sequence in sensor materials including instructional laboratories with industrial experience for senior undergraduate and starting graduate students has been developed. This paper describes the offering of a 3-credit hour honors course during the Spring Quarter of 2001. Students were exposed to: (i) lectures given by a multidisciplinary team of experts covering basic scientific and technological principles, (ii) computer simulation and modeling of sensor arrays, and (iii) team- work experience in a laboratory experiment leading to the fabrication of a sensor probe starting from raw materials to probe design, packaging and testing.