gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic inactivation: a mechanism of human tumor resistance to bleomycin. (1991)

The mechanism of human tumor resistance to the antineoplastic drug bleomycin (BLM) is not known. We now provide evidence implicating metabolic inactivation in the resistance of human Burkitt's (Daudi) lymphoma to BLM. Daudi lymphoma and human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (A-253) cells grown (s.c.) in nude mice were found to be resistant and sensitive to BLM treatment, respectively. Within 1 h of s.c. injection of [3H]BLM A2, Daudi xenografts accumulated less BLM and metabolized this drug to a much greater extent than did A-253 xenografts. The BLM-resistant Daudi xenografts metabolized BLM A2 to at least 6 metabolites and only a small proportion of the drug remained as unmetabolized BLM A2. In the BLM-sensitive A-253 xenografts, however, BLM A2 remained the major component. Incubation of BLM A2 with Daudi cytosolic fractions resulted in a complex mixture of metabolites similar to that formed by Daudi xenografts in nude mice. This BLM metabolite mixture was biologically inactive in plasmid DNA degradation assays. Treatment of mice bearing Daudi xenografts with an inhibitor of BLM hydrolase, L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane (E-64), prior to [3H]BLM A2 treatment did not affect the amount of BLM accumulated but inhibited BLM A2 metabolism in the xenografts. Furthermore, although E-64 alone did not inhibit the growth of Daudi xenografts, it potentiated the antitumor activity of BLM. These results indicate that Daudi tumors resist BLM by metabolically inactivating it and that inhibition of BLM metabolism in vivo enhances the antitumor activity of BLM and hence overcomes resistance.
A Simple Fiber-optic Multiplexer with Wide Bit-Rate Range (1996)

A simple fiber optic multiplexer for high bit-rate optical communication is reported. A wide bit-rate range makes the device especially suitable for experimental work. 4:1 multiplexing of the input bit-rate from below 10 Gbit/s to 1 Tbit/s is shown to be feasible.
Let's Get It Write! Principles of Writing Construction Specifications and Special Provisions (2020)

The purpose of this presentation is to assist project managers and designers in preparing the necessary information required for Department contracts with regard to the Standard Specifications and Special Provisions. Attendees will be provided examples of both the right and wrong ways to present a Unique Special Provision, as well as things to avoid and questions to ask in order to adhere to legal, moral, and ethical construction standards.
Dalorex: A Data-Local Program Execution and Architecture for Memory-bound Applications (2023)

Applications with low data reuse and frequent irregular memory accesses, such as graph or sparse linear algebra workloads, fail to scale well due to memory bottlenecks and poor core utilization. While prior work with prefetching, decoupling, or pipelining can mitigate memory latency and improve core utilization, memory bottlenecks persist due to limited off-chip bandwidth. Approaches doing processing in-memory (PIM) with Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) overcome bandwidth limitations but fail to achieve high core utilization due to poor task scheduling and synchronization overheads. Moreover, the high memory-per-core ratio available with HMC limits strong scaling.We introduce Dalorex, a hardware-software co-design that achieves high parallelism and energy efficiency, demonstrating strong scaling with >16,000 cores when processing graph and sparse linear algebra workloads. Over the prior work in PIM, both using 256 cores, Dalorex improves performance and energy consumption by two orders of magnitude through (1) a tile-based distributed-memory architecture where each processing tile holds an equal amount of data, and all memory operations are local; (2) a task-based parallel programming model where tasks are executed by the processing unit that is co-located with the target data; (3) a network design optimized for irregular traffic, where all communication is one-way, and messages do not contain routing metadata; (4) novel traffic-aware task scheduling hardware that maintains high core utilization; and (5) a data-placement strategy that improves work balance.This work proposes architectural and software innovations to provide the greatest scalability to date for running graph algorithms while still being programmable for other domains.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Dual mTORC1/2 and HER2 Blockade Results in Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer Resistant to Anti-HER2 Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 593KB, In vitro cell death induced by lapatinib and INK-128 of trastuzumab/lapatinib resistant cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Chemical and mechanical characterization of hyaluronic acid hydrogel cross‐linked with polyethylen glycol and its use in dermatology (2020)

Hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid are used to restore volume, hydration, and skin tone, as well as to correct scars, asymmetries or defects of the soft tissue. Hyaluronic acid is often chemically crosslinked with different crosslinking agents in order to improve its mechanical and biological properties. Here we focused on defining the chemical and mechanical characterization of a new hydrogel with specific characteristics: hyaluronic acid polyethylene glycol (PEG)-crosslinked with a high concentration of hyaluronic acid (28 mg/mL), manufactured by MatexLab Spa, via Carlo Urbani 2, ang Via Enrico Fermi, Brindisi, Italy. We made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of sodium hyaluronate in the hydrogel after polymerization and sterilization processes and also evaluated histologically the bio integration of these hydrogels in the cutaneous soft tissues. The results suggest that hyaluronic acid hydrogel PEG-crosslinked have great bio integration, great chemical and mechanical properties, compared with other products available on the market, that are cross-linked with different cross-linking agents. The nontoxicity and nonimmunogenicity of PEG guarantee the lack of allergic and immunological reactions. The PEG-crosslinking technology guarantees a high duration time of the implanted hydrogel because of more resistant physiological degradation.
Models of Age-Related Memory Decline (1995)

This chapter discusses the Fifth Conference on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. The second session of the conference focused on aging and memory and featured three speakers: Michela Gallagher, Vahram Haroutunian, and Carl Cotman. When considering aging as a variable of memory, several decisions need to be made regarding the conclusions that can be drawn from the data, whether it is to understand comparative aging or naturally occurring age-related decline as distinguished from pathological aging, as in the case of Alzheimer's disease. Another decision to be made when investigating age-related changes in learning and memory is choice of a model system to explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that affect memory with age. There are at least three categories of animal models: the Homologous model, the Isomorphic or analogous model, and the Equivalence model, each of which is useful in its own way, but clearly hierarchical in their relationship to the human condition.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Human Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Nonoverlapping Epitopes on Insulin-like Growth Factor II as a Novel Type of Candidate Cancer Therapeutics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 30KB, Sequence alignment of the IGF-II-specific antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;
Thrombin and Factor XII Drive Prostate Tumor Growth In Vivo (2015)

Abstract Several hemostatic factors are known to strongly influence the metastatic process by promoting the survival of early metastases. Despite this consistent phenomenon observed across multiple tumor cell types and multiple procoagulant components of the hemostatic system, the role of hemostasis in the establishment and growth of primary tumors is highly context dependent. One clinically relevant context where coagulation appears to be important for tumor development/outgrowth is prostate cancer. Men on long-term anticoagulation appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing prostate cancer compared to men on short-term anticoagulation or those not on anticoagulation. Here, we report that multiple hemostatic proteases drive prostate tumor growth in vivo. To test the hypothesis that the central hemostatic protease, thrombin, promotes prostate tumor growth, mice with a life-long genetically-imposed diminution in circulating prothrombin levels (fIILox/-), or mice administered a prothrombin-specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) gapmer that limits prothrombin expression, were inoculated subcutaneously with the murine-derived prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line TRAMP-C2Re3 in parallel with appropriate controls. Genetically or pharmacologically lowering prothrombin expression significantly impeded prostate tumor growth. In complementary experiments, treatment with the prothrombin-specific ASO gapmer significantly impeded the growth of human-derived prostate cancer cells (PC3) in immunodeficient mice. Detailed histological analysis revealed that tumors harvested from mice with diminished prothrombin expression had significantly lower mitotic indices, suggesting that thrombin promotes tumor proliferation in vivo. Lowering prothrombin levels did not affect apoptosis, vascular density, or the presence of tumor-associated macrophages. Previous studies have indicated that tumor cell-associated tissue factor expression is one important mechanism by which cancer cells can locally generate thrombin. However, the relative importance of the contact pathway of coagulation system activation in cancer progression is less defined. In order to determine whether fXII plays a role in prostate cancer growth, mice challenged with prostate cancer were treated with a fXII-specific ASO gapmer or a control oligonucleotide with no homology in the murine genome in parallel. Remarkably, tumors from anti-fXII ASO gapmer treated mice were ~3-fold smaller than those harvested from control animals at the end of the ~3 week experiment. To our knowledge, this finding is the first demonstration that the contact system protease fXII plays a significant role in tumor growth. In sum, these data show that thrombin promotes the growth of prostate cancer, and suggest that contact activation of the coagulation cascade may be a critical factor in prostate cancer growth. Disclosures Monia: Isis Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Other: Shareholder. Revenko:SIS Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Employment.
Improved emission spectrum from quantum dot superluminescent light emitting diodes (2006)

Abstract The size dispersion of InAs quantum dots (QD) was optimized to broaden the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. A broad PL spectral width up to 96 nm is achieved from a single QD layer with InAs thickness smaller than 2.4 monolayers at a growth temperature of 510 °C. QD Superluminescent light emitting diodes with an ultrawide (115 nm), smooth output spectrum are obtained by incorporating this QD layer into chirped stacked structures. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Distributed state estimation: a learning-based framework (2012)

The present-day electricity grid is rapidly evolving towards a complex interconnection of distributed modules equipped with a broad range of heterogenous sensing and decision-making functionalities. The proliferation of highly intermittent small energy resources and changing customer needs highlight more adaptive and responsive grid operability in terms of decision making and control. Conventional grid-controlling techniques are unable to cope with such dynamics, as manifested by the increasing reliance on faster time-scale control (such as FACTs devices which enable power electronics-based switching [1]) and system sampling techniques (such as PMUs [2]) to mitigate rapid system fluctutions. It is hard to overemphasize the role of reliable system state estimation on the efficient operability of current and future grid-control techniques.
Influence of surgical gloves on haptic perception thresholds (2017)

Wearing a single surgical glove does not affect absolute and differential haptic perception thresholds.
Aza-Peptide Michael Acceptors:  A New Class of Inhibitors Specific for Caspases and Other Clan CD Cysteine Proteases (2004)

Aza-peptide Michael acceptors are a new class of irreversible inhibitors that are highly potent and specific for clan CD cysteine proteases. The aza-Asp derivatives were specific for caspases, while aza-Asn derivatives were effective legumain inhibitors. Aza-Lys and aza-Orn derivatives were potent inhibitors of gingipain K and clostripain. Aza-peptide Michael acceptors showed no cross reactivity toward papain, cathepsin B, and calpain.
Expression of Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Receptors is Induced on Connective Tissue Cells During Chronic Synovial Inflammation (1988)

The tissue distribution of the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was investigated by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections from normal and inflamed synovial tissue using monoclonal antibodies to the receptor. Non-inflamed synovial tissue showed no staining, indicating that PDGF receptor expression is low or absent in normal tissue. In contrast, tissue from synovitis with prominent neovascularization showed a strong staining in the tunica media of the proliferating blood vessels as well as on connective tissue cells in the stroma. Tissue from synovitis with prominent proliferation of synovial lining showed intense staining for PDGF receptors in fibroblast-like cells of the lining and a less intense staining on vascular and connective tissue cells deeper in the stroma. Staining for PDGF receptors was also intense in the pannus tissue close to infiltrated bone and cartilage. In all these forms of synovitis, PDGF receptor staining was associated with increased HLA-DR staining and infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes. The finding that PDGF receptor expression is induced in conjunction with the chronic synovial inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis and some other forms of arthritides suggests that PDGF may play a role in the stimulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation that often accompanies chronic inflammatory disease.
Implementation and evaluation of extended-range indoor Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being considered for a wide range of applications, however, they still face various challenges, e.g. short communication range and the hidden terminal problem, to name a couple. In this paper, we build up on our previous work in [1], present a WSN prototype that demonstrates this solution, and analyze its performance in different indoor conditions by measurement and simulation. The measurement study explores radio propagation, transmission efficiency and deployment of the proposed extended-range WSN. The simulations are performed for a large scale WSN, taking into account indoor propagation, enhanced 802.15.4 PHY and MAC models and sensor application. The measurements demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the first generation extended-range 802.15.4 WSN, while the simulation study shows the network performance and scalability in terms of transmission efficiency and energy cost.
Antibacterial properties and atomic resolution X-ray complex crystal structure of a ruthenocene conjugated β-lactam antibiotic (2015)

We have determined a 1.18 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of a novel ruthenocenyle-6-aminopenicillinic acid in complex with CTX-M β-lactamase, showing unprecedented details of interactions between ruthenocene and protein. As the first product complex with an intact catalytic serine, the structure also offers insights into β-lactamase catalysis and inhibitor design.
A Computational Framework for Ontologically Storing and Analyzing Very Large Overhead Image Sets. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Abstract 2342: Identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes using immortalized lung bronchial epithelial cells and small airway epithelial cells (2012)

Abstract We have immortalized human normal proximal bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) for the study of lung tumors arising in the central compartment of the lung, and now have over 30 of these strains (growing in defined KSFM media) including many isogenic derivatives with various oncogenic changes (Can Res 2004, Can Res 2006). We have extended this by immortalizing normal distal (small airway) epithelial cells that serve as models for the study of tumors arising in the peripheral compartment of the lung. Using Cdk4 and hTERT exogenous expression vectors (as used for HBECs) and serum free defined media, we have immortalized (N= 19) human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) from peripheral lung. We have characterized the HBECs and HSAECs and found they have the property of lung basal /stem cells. In the current study, we compared the genome-wide RNA expression profile of HBECs/ HSAECs with 108 lung tumor cell lines and identified a panel of genes that are differentially expressed in these two cell types. We found ∼ 1200 genes that are 2 fold over expressed in tumor cells lines compared with HBECs/HSAECs (p ≤ 0.005). Many known lung tumor oncogenes such as members in cancer/testis (CT) antigen families (XAGE/GAGE/MAGE), proliferation-promoting E2F2 transcription factors, and Kinesin family are over-expressed in tumor lines validating the comparison strategies. In addition, we found genes that had been shown to be involved in other types of tumors but had not been reported in lung tumors. Importantly, we found several genes that had not been implicated as oncogenes previously, thus these are potential novel oncogenes for lung tumor transformation. We also found ∼1300 genes that are 2 fold over expressed in HBECs/HSAECs compared with tumor cell lines (p≤ 0.006). Many of the genes are lung basal cell markers (Keratin and Laminin family members) or known tumor suppressor genes (p53 binding genes and metallothionein genes) as expected. Like in the case of tumor specific genes, we found several genes that had not been reported functioning in the inhibition of tumor transformation. Thus, these are candidate tumor suppressor genes. The current study showed that the immortalized HBEC and HSAECs are ideal models for the discovery of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2342. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2342
Enhancing video quality for multiple-description MIMO transmission through unequal power allocation between eigen-modes (2008)

Promising performance of multiple-description coding (MDC) as a suitable video decomposition for MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) wireless transmission, reported previously by a number of authors, is further enhanced in this paper by investigating power allocation in MIMO systems that employ singular value decomposition (SVD). Inspired by the water-filling power allocation strategy, results demonstrate that further improvements over conventional, single-description coding (SDC) are possible if, for low SNRs, stronger sub-channel is boosted at the expense of the weaker channel. For high SNR values, the converse is true. A simple yet effective power allocation strategy whereby the bulk of the transmit power - the highest value considered was nine tenths - was allocated to the stronger channel (weaker channel) for very low (very high) SNRs yielded improvements of up to 4 dB (1 dB) in average MDC PSNR over the nominal - equal power allocation - case. The PSNR gains for low SNR values even exceeded the gains arising from water-filling.
Effect of Seawater Ions on Polymer Hydration in the Presence of a Chelating Agent: Application to Hydraulic Fracturing (2022)

Seawater (SW) and produced water (PW) could replace freshwater in hydraulic fracturing operations, but their high salinity impacts the fluid stability and results in formation damage. Few researchers investigated SW and PW individual ions' impact on polymer hydration and rheology. This research examines the rheology of carboxy methyl hydroxy propyl guar (CMHPG) polymer hydrated in salt ions in the presence of a chelating agent. The effect of various molar concentrations of SW and PW salt ions on the rheology of CMHPG polymer solution was examined. The tested salt ions included calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate, which were compared to SW and deionized water (DI) solutions. The solutions were tested at 70 °C temperature, 500 psi pressure, and 100 1/s shear rate. A GLDA chelating agent was utilized at different concentrations to examine their impact on stabilizing the solution viscosity. We found that adding the GLDA to magnesium and calcium chloride solutions increased the viscosity. Results showed that sulfate ions control the rheology of seawater due to their similar rheological response to the addition of GLDA. The results help to understand how the SW and PW ions impact the rheology of fracturing fluids.
Relaxed Phase-Matching Constraints in Zero-Index Waveguides (2022)

The utility of all parametric nonlinear optical processes is hampered by phase-matching requirements. Quasi-phase-matching, birefringent phase matching, and higher-order-mode phase matching have all been developed to address this constraint, but the methods demonstrated to date suffer from the inconvenience of only being phase matched for a single, specific arrangement of beams, typically copropagating, resulting in cumbersome experimental configurations and large footprints for integrated devices. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that these phase-matching requirements may be satisfied in a parametric nonlinear optical process for multiple, if not all, configurations of input and output beams when using low-index media. Our measurement constitutes the first experimental observation of direction-independent phase matching for a medium sufficiently long for phase matching to be relevant. We demonstrate four-wave mixing from spectrally distinct co- and counterpropagating pump and probe beams, the backward generation of a nonlinear signal, and excitation by an out-of-plane probe beam. These results explicitly show that the unique properties of low-index media relax traditional phase-matching constraints, which can be exploited to facilitate nonlinear interactions and miniaturize nonlinear devices, thus adding to the established exceptional properties of low-index materials.
Evaluation Challenges for the Application of Extended Reality Devices in Medicine (2022)

Augmented and virtual reality devices are being actively investigated and implemented for a wide range of medical uses. However, significant gaps in the evaluation of these medical devices and applications hinder their regulatory evaluation. Addressing these gaps is critical to demonstrating the devices' safety and effectiveness. We outline the key technical and clinical evaluation challenges discussed during the US Food and Drug Administration's public workshop, "Medical Extended Reality: Toward Best Evaluation Practices for Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medicine" and future directions for evaluation method development. Evaluation challenges were categorized into several key technical and clinical areas. Finally, we highlight current efforts in the standards communities and illustrate connections between the evaluation challenges and the intended uses of the medical extended reality (MXR) devices. Participants concluded that additional research is needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of MXR devices across the use cases.