gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct conversion of solid hydrocarbons in a molten carbonate fuel cell (2009)

Electrical characteristics of a molten carbonate fuel cell allowing direct electrochemical oxidation of dispersed hydrocarbons have been examined. As the fuel, graphite, anthracite, and cannel coal samples were used. Data illustrating the effect of electrolyte temperature, fuel type and dispersion, and also reactant gas mixture composition on the performance characteristics of the fuel cell, were obtained. Correlation between the specific characteristics of the fuel cell and the hydrogen content of fuel material was established. The maximum current-density values were achieved with hydrogen-rich cannel coal. For dispersed fuel samples, interparticle contact losses were found to have influence on the cell-generated voltage. The maximum cell opencircuit voltage was reached with stoichiometric oxygen-carbon dioxide mixture blown into the cathode. Yet, the largest current-density values were obtained when carbon dioxide lean mixtures were used. Even at zero carbon dioxide concentration the range of cathode polarizations was less than that observed with stoichiometric mixture. The processes proceeding in the cathode and anode packs of the fuel cell are believed to be interrelated processes. In a model fuel cell fueled with dispersed coal, current densities up to 140 mA/cm2 and specific powers up to 70 mW/cm2 were achieved.
Vesicle (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Design and characterization of 3D-printed freeform lenses for random illuminations (2018)

A combination of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with freeform optics has been recently investigated widely for energy efficient illumination due to its high optical performance and compact size. The freeform optics design methods are application specific. The transformation of the light source into the target irradiance distribution using freeform optics usually leads to solving an inverse problem, which can be formulated by using a point light source, geometrical optics, monotonic ray bending and lossless system. Here, a customized algorithm is proposed to design freeform lenses for both LED source based simple uniform rectangular illumination and collimated light source based complex image target irradiance distributions by numerically solving the elliptic Monge-Ampère equation. The optical performance of the lenses is examined theoretically by using commercial ray tracing software. Additive manufacturing (also called as 3D printing), a layer-by-layer printing of patterned material, is considered as novel option for low-cost and rapid manufacturing of optics. Recently, 3D printed ISO-standard ophthalmic lenses have been produced using Printoptical&reg; technology (US Patent No. 13/924,974): a modified ink-jet printing technology that deposits micro-droplets Opticlear, which is a PMMA-like UV-curable polymer. In our work, the Printoptical&reg; technology is further extended to freeform lenses using Opticlear, which is a PMMA like UV-curable polymer. The metrology of the freeform lenses is studied using white-light interferometry and VR-3000 series 3D surface profile macroscope.
Quantitative PCR: validation of the use of a multispecific internal control (1994)

Journal Article Quantitative PCR: validation of the use of a multispecific internal control Get access Françoise Cottrez, Françoise Cottrez * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Claude Auriault, Claude Auriault Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar André Capron, André Capron 1INSERM 167, Institut Pasteur de Lille1 rue du Pr. A. Calmette, 59019 Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hervé Groux Hervé Groux Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 22, Issue 13, 11 July 1994, Pages 2712–2713, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.13.2712 Published: 11 July 1994 Article history Received: 15 April 1994 Revision received: 25 May 1994 Accepted: 25 May 1994 Published: 11 July 1994
ZigZag: Universal Sampling-free Uncertainty Estimation Through Two-Step Inference (2022)

Whereas the ability of deep networks to produce useful predictions has been amply demonstrated, estimating the reliability of these predictions remains challenging. Sampling approaches such as MC-Dropout and Deep Ensembles have emerged as the most popular ones for this purpose. Unfortunately, they require many forward passes at inference time, which slows them down. Sampling-free approaches can be faster but suffer from other drawbacks, such as lower reliability of uncertainty estimates, difficulty of use, and limited applicability to different types of tasks and data. In this work, we introduce a sampling-free approach that is generic and easy to deploy, while producing reliable uncertainty estimates on par with state-of-the-art methods at a significantly lower computational cost. It is predicated on training the network to produce the same output with and without additional information about it. At inference time, when no prior information is given, we use the network's own prediction as the additional information. We then take the distance between the predictions with and without prior information as our uncertainty measure. We demonstrate our approach on several classification and regression tasks. We show that it delivers results on par with those of Ensembles but at a much lower computational cost.
Direct Determination of Theophylline in Serum by Fluoroimmunoassay Using Highly Specific Antibodies (1985)

Described is the development of a fluoroimmunoassay for theophylline using a fluorescein labelled derivative of theophylline as tracer and antibodies coupled to magnetizable solid-phase particles. Three approaches are described for the preparation of antibodies for theophylline, of which one produced highly specific, high titre antibodies. The fluoroimmunoassay using these antibodies required a 10 microL sample, reached equilibrium within 5 min, and the results correlated closely with those of an established enzymoimmunoassay method. Potentially interfering endogenous fluorophores from the serum sample were reliably removed at the separation step of the bound and free fractions. There was no significant cross-reactivity with all other structurally related compounds.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Non-canonical glutamate signaling in a genetic model of migraine with aura. (2021)

Migraine with aura is a common but poorly understood sensory circuit disorder. Monogenic models allow an opportunity to investigate its mechanisms, including spreading depolarization (SD), the phenomenon underlying migraine aura. Using fluorescent glutamate imaging, we show that awake mice carrying a familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) mutation have slower clearance during sensory processing, as well as previously undescribed spontaneous "plumes" of glutamate. Glutamatergic plumes overlapped anatomically with a reduced density of GLT-1a-positive astrocyte processes and were mimicked in wild-type animals by inhibiting glutamate clearance. Plume pharmacology and plume-like neural Ca2+ events were consistent with action-potential-independent spontaneous glutamate release, suggesting plumes are a consequence of inefficient clearance following synaptic release. Importantly, a rise in basal glutamate and plume frequency predicted the onset of SD in both FHM2 and wild-type mice, providing a novel mechanism in migraine with aura and, by extension, the other neurological disorders where SD occurs.Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 33321071 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS102978 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS085413
A Snapshot of Enzyme Catalysis Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2003)

Insights into the early molecular events involving protein-ligand/substrate interactions such as protein signaling and enzyme catalysis can be obtained by examining these processes on a very short, millisecond time scale. We have used time-resolved electrospray mass spectrometry to delineate the catalytic mechanism of a key enzyme in bacterial lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthase (KDO8PS). Direct real-time monitoring of the catalytic reaction under single enzyme turnover conditions reveals a novel hemiketal phosphate intermediate bound to the enzyme in a noncovalent complex that establishes the reaction pathway. This study illustrates the successful application of mass spectrometry to reveal transient biochemical processes and opens a new time domain that can provide detailed structural information of short-lived protein-ligand complexes.
Characterization of a Novel Serotonin Receptor from Caenorhabditis elegans (1999)

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] modulates feeding activity, egg-laying, and mating behavior in the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. We have cloned a novel receptor cDNA from C. elegans (5-HT2Ce) that has high sequence homology with 5-HT2 receptors from other species. When transiently expressed in COS-7 cells, 5-HT2Ce exhibited 5-HT binding activity and activated Ca2+-mediated signaling in a manner analogous to other 5-HT2 receptors. However, 5-HT2Ce displayed unusual pharmacological properties, which resembled both 5-HT2 and 5-HT1-like receptors but did not correlate well with any of the known 5-HT2 subtypes. Two splice variants of 5-HT2Ce that differ by 48 N-terminal amino acids were identified. The two isoforms were found to have virtually identical binding and signaling properties but differed in their levels of mRNA expression, with the longer variant being four times more abundant than the shorter species in all developmental stages tested. Taken together, the results describe two variants of a novel C. elegans 5-HT receptor, which has some of the properties of the 5-HT2 family but whose pharmacological profile does not conform to any known class of receptor.
A New Approach to the Synthesis of Polycyclic Structures. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Wool Fibres (2015)

Wool fibres are chemically heterogeneous, such heterogeneity extending to the fibre's physical structure. Wool fibre has a complex dual structure at all levels of organisation, from the skin/core (i.e. cuticle/cortex) structure of the gross fibre to the fibril/matrix structure of the macrofibrils. Wool can be dyed at the various stages of production (as loose stock, sliver, top, yarn and piece). Several classes of dye can be used on wool fibres, namely acid dyes, which includes both non-metallised acid dyes and pre-metallised acid dyes (metal complex dyes), as well as mordant dyes and reactive dyes. Of these four types of dye used on wool, the greatest research attention has been focused on the mechanism of adsorption of non-metallised acid dyes. As mordant dyes contain sulfonate and/or carboxyl groups, they resemble acid dyes in terms of the mechanism of their adsorption on wool before the chroming process.
Phosphate Surfactants for Water-in-CO2 Microemulsions (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPhosphate Surfactants for Water-in-CO2 MicroemulsionsDavid C. Steytler, Emily Rumsey, Matthew Thorpe, Julian Eastoe, Alison Paul, and Richard K. HeenanView Author Information School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom ISIS-CLRC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, OXON OX11 0QX, United Kingdom Cite this: Langmuir 2001, 17, 25, 7948–7950Publication Date (Web):November 6, 2001Publication History Received23 May 2001Revised16 August 2001Published online6 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la010758bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la010758bbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Emulsions,Liquids,Phosphates,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Design Of Polynomial Interpolation Filters Based On Taylor Series (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Modulation of Activity of the Promoter of the Human MDR 1 Gene by Ras and p53 (1992)

Drug resistance in human cancer is associated with overexpression of the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene, which confers cross-resistance to hydrophobic natural product cytotoxic drugs. Expression of the MDR1 gene can occur de novo in human cancers in the absence of drug treatment. The promoter of the human MDR1 gene was shown to be a target for the c-Ha-Ras-1 oncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene products, both of which are associated with tumor progression. The stimulatory effect of c-Ha-Ras-1 was not specific for the MDR1 promoter alone, whereas a mutant p53 specifically stimulated the MDR1 promoter and wild-type p53 exerted specific repression. These results imply that the MDR1 gene could be activated during tumor progression associated with mutations in Ras and p53.
Efficient Channel Navigation Using Circular Buffering Algorithm in Digital TV (2008)

Despite the many advantages in digital TV, users get into difficulties when they navigate channels to find their preferred programs. This is because the number of channels is much more and the channel zapping speed is much slower in digital TV than in analog one. There have been many efforts to reduce the channel zapping delay in digital TV. However, the reduction of channel zapping delay is limited by the nature of digital TV system. In this paper, we propose alternative approaches that enable the efficient channel navigation in digital TV. The first approach is to hide a channel change delay. This approach is helpful when the user wants to navigate channels by pressing up/down buttons in a full screen mode. The second approach is to show multichannel mosaic screen. This is helpful when the user wants to navigate channels by pressing four-way buttons while watching preview videos. In this paper, we propose a circular buffering algorithm (CBA) and show that, with help of the CBA, hiding channel change delay and multi-channel mosaic screen can be feasible in the system with limited resources. Simulation results show that the proposed methods give users high satisfaction in channel navigation.
Propulsion System Control Requirements, Capabilities and Opportunities (1970)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Propulsion system controls have been steadily increasing in complexity to meet the regulation and limiting requirements of current and future turbine engines. With the need to provide improved transient and steady state engine performance during all phases of flight operations, the control functions of the inlet, engine and exhaust nozzle must be integrated to insure engine-airframe compatibility and stability. This requirement further increases the sensing, computational and regulation functions of the propulsion system control. In the past, electronic controls have played a subordinate role because of the severe turbine engine flight environment and the computational needs of the engine could usually be met by hydromechanical components. With future trends for increased complexity and system integration, the computational capabilities of electronic controls will find increased utilization to optimize thrust and fuel consumption and to maintain inlet-engine compatibility. This paper describes the environmental and functional requirements of engine mounted control components and discusses the opportunities new control technologies have for consideration during the evolution of an advanced engine. With this insight, more timely planning and execution of state-of-the-art advances in propulsion system control technology can be accomplished to meet the functionability, performance, and confidence goals of future propulsion system hardware.&lt;/div&gt;
4D model-based iterative reconstruction from interlaced views (2015)

X-ray tomography is increasingly being used for 4D spatio-temporal imaging of material samples at micron and finer scales. However, the temporal resolution of widely used 4D reconstruction methods is severely limited by the need to acquire a very large number of views for each reconstructed 3D volume. In this paper, we present a time interlaced model-based iterative reconstruction (TIMBIR) method which can significantly improve the temporal resolution of reconstructions. TIMBIR is a synergistic combination of two innovations. The first innovation, interlaced view sampling, is a novel approach to data acquisition which distributes the view angles more evenly in time. The second innovation is a 4D model based iterative reconstruction algorithm (MBIR) which can produce time resolved volumetric reconstructions of the sample from the interlaced views. Reconstructions of simulated data indicate that TIMBIR can improve the temporal resolution by an order of magnitude relative to existing approaches.
ARO PECASE: Information Assurance for Energy-Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Abstract : This is the final report for the ARO Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) project entitled Information Assurance for Energy-Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks. A summary of the project outcomes is as follows. Six PhD students were fully or partially funded at the Network Security Lab (NSL), University of Washington: Mingyan Li (2006 At Boeing R&D), Loukas Lazos (2006, Assistant Professor at University of Arizona, received NSF CAREER Award in 2009), Krishna Sampigethaya (2007, Boeing R&D), Patrick Tague(2009, Assistant Professor at Carnegie-Mellon University - Mountain View), Weiyao Lin (2010, Assistant Professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University), Basel Alomair (2011, Assistant Professor at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology), and Sidharth Nabar (2011, Microsoft). During this performance period, graduate students of NSL received multiple best paper awards in IEEE Conferences, one IEEE William C. Carter award for dissertation contribution, Two EE Department Outstanding Research Awards, One NSA Center for Excellence Outstanding Research Award, joint patent filings with Boeing Company as well Army Research Laboratory members. In addition, the PECASE research also led to collaborations with DoD researchers and presentations at the Protocol Exchange meetings of NSA held at Naval Postgraduate School.
Heterologous antibody responses in mice with chronic T. cruzi infection: depressed T helper function restored with supernatants containing interleukin 2. (1984)

Antibody production to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) or hapten-conjugated SRBC (TNP-SRBC) was studied in mice with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections. Studies in vivo demonstrated that both IgM and IgG anti-SRBC responses were suppressed during chronic infection. Secondary IgG responses were suppressed regardless of whether the primary immunization was given before or after infection. The ability of cells from infected mice to provide help for antibody production was examined in vitro. Anti-SRBC responses were restored to cultures of whole spleen cells from infected mice by the addition of interleukin 2 (IL 2)-rich supernatants, indicating that these cells were capable of antibody production when sufficient help was provided. T cells from SRBC-primed infected mice were unable to provide significant help to normal B cell/M phi cultures for in vitro anti-TNP or anti-SRBC responses. The percentages of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, and Lyt-2+ spleen cells were not significantly different between normal and infected mice. Anti-TNP and anti-SRBC responses were restored to cultures that contained T cells from infected mice and normal B cell/M phi by the addition of IL 2-rich spleen cell supernatants. The suppression of in vitro antibody responses in mice with chronic T. cruzi infections was associated with a lack of T cell help, which was provided by exogenous spleen cell supernatant.
Structure−Activity Study of the Nociceptin(1−13)-NH2N-Terminal Tetrapeptide and Discovery of a Nociceptin Receptor Antagonist (1998)

In the present study, the minimal fragment sequence required to fully activate the nociceptin (NC) receptor, namely NC(1-13)-NH2, was used as template for the design of a series of new compounds. Changes were made in the N-terminal tetrapeptide Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe, which has been shown to be essential for receptor occupation and activation. The new compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the electrically evoked contraction of the mouse vas deferens, a pharmacological preparation sensitive to NC. Results obtained indicate that (a) the replacement of Gly2 or Gly3 with an aromatic residue (Phe) of L or D chirality eliminates the ability of the peptide to occupy the NC receptor; (b) the distance between Phe1 and Phe4 of NC appears to be critical, since any alteration of it leads to a marked decrease or a total elimination of biological activity; and (c) the insertion of a pseudopeptide bond between Phe1 and Gly2 maintains affinity but eliminates the ability of the peptide to activate the NC receptor and leads to antagonism. The peptide [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]-NC(1-13)-NH2 acts as a selective NC receptor antagonist and is inactive on opioid receptors. The results summarized in this paper confirm and extend our previous findings by showing that the structural requirements for NC binding to its receptor are clearly different from those of opioids; in addition, this structure-activity study has led to the identification of the first NC receptor selective antagonist.
Peptide Hormones (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Structure: Biological Considerations 3 General Strategy for Conformational Analysis of Peptides Using NMR 4 Conformational Analysis: Relation to Biological Activity and Selected Examples 5 Future Perspectives 6 Biographical Sketch Related Articles