gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite‐Element Analysis of Ceramic Multilayer Capacitors: Failure Probability Caused by Wave Soldering and Bending Loads (2000)

A two‐dimensional numerical model that predicts the reliability of multilayer capacitors (MLCs) during soldering and bending is presented. The Weibull parameters used in the model are based on measurements of soldered MLC devices. The preheating and soldering temperatures have a dominant impact on the failure probability, in comparison to the thickness of the nickel layer, the soft solder geometry, and the number of inner electrodes. Comparison of calculated and measured reliability of three MLC sizes leads to the assumption that residual stresses due to the manufacturing process or size‐related microstructure are important.
Physical modeling and control of dynamic foaming in an LD-converter process (2001)

This paper deals with physical modeling and control of dynamic foaming in the LD-converter process. An experimental setup consisting of a water model, digital signal processor, and PC hardware is built and shown to be useful for studying dynamic foaming. Furthermore, a foam height estimation algorithm is presented and validated through experiments. Finally, sound signals from the LD-converter and water model are compared and similarities between them are found.
Grating devices on a silicon nitride technology platform for visible light applications (2019)

We report on the design, fabrication, and evaluation of grating devices, specifically (1) low back-reflection grating couplers and (2) focused Bragg grating mirrors, fabricated on silicon nitride technology platforms for applications in the visible wavelength range. Experiments show that the designed grating couplers exhibit 8 dB-reduced back reflections and a coupling penalty of less than 0.8 dB compared to a conventional grating coupler design. Taking advantage of the 193 nm immersion lithography, focused Bragg gratings are fabricated for the visible wavelengths of 638 nm and 532 nm and over 80% reflectivity is achieved.
A Short Synthesis of (±)-13-Deoxyserratine (2002)

A short and efficient total synthesis of (±)-13-deoxyserratine (3) features a highly stereoselective intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction of 1 and a cascade of radical cyclizations starting with the amidyl radical 2. The desired alkaloid 3 was thus obtained in ten steps in an overall yield of 12 %. THP=tetrahydropyranyl, TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
Overview of regeneration and DDS. From pharmacological viewpoint. (2001)

The DDS research which utilized functional polymers, etc. is created in order to give more new value added in conventional “medicine”, and is developing, This field is developing to “medicine” as intellectualization particle including emulsion, liposome and microsphere which imitated the cell. The way of this DDS research to the intellectualization has presented the way to ultimate place “cell as a medicine” (cytomeclicine). The most intelligent particle which exists on the earth is a cell. The disease therapy using the potential of the cell functions should be established, and the energetic research is carried out. Through generation and differentiation and proliferation of the cell, the disease treatment strategy by the cell in which regeneration amd reconstruction of tissue or organ and organization with the function are enabled. By applying the regeneration science, the treatment strategy using the cell has the limitless possibility.
Multiple Graft Harvestings from Deep Partial-thickness Scald Wounds Healed under the Influence of Weak Direct Current (1990)

The time required for wound healing, contraction, and hypertrophic scarring often limit the use of deep partial-thickness burn wounds as donor sites for split-thickness grafts. We have examined the effects of weak direct current and silver nylon dressings on the healing of partial-thickness scald burns, split-thickness grafts taken from these wounds when healed, and the resulting donor sites in a guinea pig model. Dorsal scald wounds treated with weak direct current reepithealized by 12 days postinjury. Split-thickness grafts taken from healed scald wounds showed more rapid revascularization with direct current treatment than did control grafts. Grafts and donor sites treated with direct current showed more rapid reepithelialization, decreased contraction, improved hair survival, and decreased dermal fibrosis when compared to controls not treated with direct current. Only donor wounds treated with weak direct current were reusable as donor sites.
Myocardial perfusion and oxygenation are impaired during stress in severe aortic stenosis and correlate with impaired energetics and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (2014)

Severe AS is characterized by impaired perfusion reserve and oxygenation which are related to the degree of derangement in energetics and associated LV dysfunction. These changes are reversible on relief of pressure overload and hypertrophy regression. Strategies aimed at improving oxygen demand-supply balance to preserve myocardial energetics and LV function are promising future therapies.
What I Did on My Summer Vacation and Molecules That Broke My Heart: Insights from a 35-Year Adventure In Drug Discovery (2021)

Medicinal Chemistry Reviews is an outstanding 965 page volume providing timely and critical reviews of important topics in medicinal chemistry. It is provided free of charge to MEDI members in electronic format. Members can also order a print copy, for the cost of printing, shipping and handling
Exploiting unicast vs. multicast delivery tradeoffs to improve the latency performance for IPTV channel change (2012)

In IPTV networks, channel change latency represents a major obstacle in achieving broadcast-level quality video delivery. Since the content for channels, other than the one currently viewed, is not readily available at the client side, to receive the content corresponding to these channels, each request needs to go through the network, leading to significant, and oftentimes unacceptable, delays. To minimize this latency, various approaches have been proposed. These approaches typically require the use of dedicated servers near the access network to speed up the delivery of channel change packets. In this paper, we use such server-driven framework to develop a joint unicast- and multicast-based channel change protocol that relies on the use of (i) session-dependent multicast channel change streams to deliver the key-frame content to the zapping clients, and (ii) a dedicated unicast streaming server, which is referred to as the Channel Switch Coordinator (CSC), to deliver the channel change packets corresponding to the non-key-frames. In our framework, CSC server is also responsible for coordinating the received channel change requests and optimally allocating system resources for each received request.
A Prototype Two-Dimensional Capillary Electrophoresis System Fabricated in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2002)

A method for carrying out 2D gel electrophoresis in a capillary format is presented. In this method, separation in the first dimension is carried out in a 1D capillary, with this system physically isolated from the capillaries that provide the separation in the second dimension. After completion of the first separation, the 1D channel is physically connected to the 2D capillaries, and a second separation is carried out in an orthogonal set of parallel capillaries. The ability of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to support the fabrication of 3D microfluidic systems makes it possible to produce membranes that both enclose the gel used in the first separation in a capillary and provide passages for the proteins to migrate into the array of orthogonal capillaries. The elastomeric nature of PDMS makes it possible to make reversible connections between pieces of PDMS. The feasibility of this system is demonstrated using a protein mixture containing fluorescein-conjugated carbonic anhydrase, fluorescein-conjugated BSA, and Texas Red-conjugated ovalbumin. This work suggests one type of design that might form the basis for a microfabricated device for 2D capillary electrophoresis.
Selection algorithms for replicated Web servers (1998)

Replication of documents on geographically distributed servers can improve both performance and reliability of the Web service. Server selection algorithms allow Web clients to select one of the replicated servers which is "close" to them and thereby minimize the response time of the Web service. Using client proxy server traces, we compare the effectiveness of several "proximity" metrics including the number of hops between the client and server, the ping round trip time and the HTTP request latency. Based on this analysis, we design two new algorithms for selection of replicated servers and compare their performance against other existing algorithms. We show that the new server selection algorithms improve the performance of other existing algorithms on the average by 55%. In addition, the new algorithms improve the performance of the existing non-replicated Web servers on average by 69%.
The IDH2 R172K mutation associated with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma produces 2HG in T cells and impacts lymphoid development (2016)

Oncogenic isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and IDH2 mutations at three hotspot arginine residues cause an enzymatic gain of function that leads to the production and accumulation of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which contributes to the development of a number of malignancies. In the hematopoietic system, mutations in IDH1 at arginine (R) 132 and in IDH2 at R140 and R172 are commonly observed in acute myeloid leukemia, and elevated 2HG is observed in cells and serum. However, in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), mutations are almost exclusively restricted to IDH2 R172, and levels of 2HG have not been comprehensively measured. In this study, we investigate the expression pattern of mutant IDH2 in the AITL tumor microenvironment and measure levels of 2HG in tissue and serum of AITL patients. We find that mutant IDH2 expression is restricted to the malignant T-cell component of AITL, and that 2HG is elevated in tumor tissue and serum of patients. We also investigate the differences between the three hotspot mutation sites in IDH1 and IDH2 using conditional knock-in mouse models. These studies show that in the lymphoid system, mutations in IDH2 at R172 produce high levels of 2HG compared with mutations at the other two sites and that lymphoid development is impaired in these animals. These data provide evidence that IDH2 R172 mutations may be the only variants present in AITL because of their capacity to produce significant amounts of the oncometabolite 2HG in the cell of origin of this disease.
Subcellular electrode arrays for multisite recording of dopamine in vivo (2017)

We report the fabrication and use of carbon fiber (CF) arrays with 8 recording electrodes having individual diameters of 8-10 μm (9-10 times smaller than conventional sensors and state of art) for electrochemical recording of dopamine from deep brain regions in a minimally invasive and high density manner. Accordingly, key advancements demonstrated are (1) radical reduction in size and (2) potential for wide spatial distribution of concurrent electrochemical measurement in the brain.
Combustion Analysis on Small Two-Stroke SI-Engines for Handheld Power Tools (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Optical measurement techniques were successfully appointed in four stroke combustion diagnostics because of low interaction and high efficiency. In the field of high speed small engines only less experience exists concerning optical measurement. These engines require sophisticated measurement techniques concerning available space and resolution.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Numerous investigations with different measurement techniques to analyze the combustion will be presented in this paper. Engine operation, combustion phenomenons and the limits of some techniques are shown by means of concrete examples. The use of fibre optic endoscopes allows the analysis of flame propagation. Furthermore it is possible to locate glow ignition. By means of spectroscopic measurement the mixture preparation and burning temperature curves could be analyzed by adding special reactants to the fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multiple-Instance, Cascaded Classification for Keyword Spotting in Narrow-Band Audio (2017)

We propose using cascaded classifiers for a keyword spotting (KWS) task on narrow-band (NB), 8kHz audio acquired in non-IID environments -- a more challenging task than most state-of-the-art KWS systems face. We present a model that incorporates Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), cascading, multiple-feature representations, and multiple-instance learning. The cascaded classifiers handle the task's class imbalance and reduce power consumption on computationally-constrained devices via early termination. The KWS system achieves a false negative rate of 6% at an hourly false positive rate of 0.75
A metal-free tandem ring-opening/ring-closing strategy for the heterocyclic conversion of benzoxazin-4-ones to oxazolines (2016)

A facile metal-free tandem ring-opening/ring-closing strategy was developed for the synthesis of oxazolines in good to excellent reaction yields under mild reaction conditions.
Speech recognition in single- and multichannel cochlear implants (1985)

Two speech processing systems, a four-channel vocoder-based model and a single-channel model, were examined in a single patient. Five isolated, computer-generated vowels were presented in a closed-set paradigm and responses were plotted on a confusion matrix. With four-channel stimulation the overall score was 64% correct. The subject never confused vowels having a low-frequency second formant (F2) with high-frequency F2 items. In the single-channel configuration, the subject did not distinguish between low F2 and high F2 items and scored 29% overall. Consonant confusion matrices were generated for seven naturally produced VCV syllables. In the four-channel configuration the overall score was 70% correct. The nasal distinction was not made and some voicing errors were observed. In the single-channel case, the subject scored 27% correct. The stop-continuant distinction was not routinely made and most errors involved multiple distinctive features. Analysis of the processed speech items explain some of the confusions observed in the four-channel mode. [Work supported by NIH Grant NS-11804.]
The utility of MRI in suspected MS: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee (2004)

To the Editor:

In the review of MRI in the diagnosis of MS, the Academy’s Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee has produced an enlightening and scholarly review of available evidence on its limited topic, but ultimately fails to address the elephant in the room: Who should we treat?

Available treatment for MS requires such enormous personal and social commitment that the issue of diagnostic certainty is especially acute in every single case. Does >80% likelihood of a second attack over 7 to 10 years sufficiently predict treatment for every patient with three MRI lesions and a clinically isolated syndrome with immunomodulatory therapy for the rest of his or her life? By saying that “selected cases” should be treated, selection criteria should be offered. Unfortunately, the technique of the diagnostic/therapeutic …
Reverse engineering learned optimizers reveals known and novel mechanisms (2020)

Learned optimizers are algorithms that can themselves be trained to solve optimization problems. In contrast to baseline optimizers (such as momentum or Adam) that use simple update rules derived from theoretical principles, learned optimizers use flexible, high-dimensional, nonlinear parameterizations. Although this can lead to better performance in certain settings, their inner workings remain a mystery. How is a learned optimizer able to outperform a well tuned baseline? Has it learned a sophisticated combination of existing optimization techniques, or is it implementing completely new behavior? In this work, we address these questions by careful analysis and visualization of learned optimizers. We study learned optimizers trained from scratch on three disparate tasks, and discover that they have learned interpretable mechanisms, including: momentum, gradient clipping, learning rate schedules, and a new form of learning rate adaptation. Moreover, we show how the dynamics of learned optimizers enables these behaviors. Our results help elucidate the previously murky understanding of how learned optimizers work, and establish tools for interpreting future learned optimizers.
Clinical and functional characterization of recurrent missense variants implicated inTHOC6-related intellectual disability (2018)

THOC6 encodes a subunit of the THO complex that is part of a highly conserved transcription and export complex known to have roles in mRNA processing and export. Few homozygous or compound heterozygous variants have been identified in the THOC6 gene in patients with a syndromic form of intellectual disability [Beaulieu-Boycott-Innes syndrome (BBIS); MIM: 613680]. Here we report two additional individuals affected with BBIS originating from the north of Europe and sharing a haplotype composed of three very rare missense changes in the THOC6 gene-Trp100Arg, Val234Leu, Gly275Asp. The first individual is a boy who is homozygous for the three-variant haplotype due to a maternal uniparental disomy event. The second is a girl who is compound heterozygous for this haplotype and a previously reported Gly190Glu missense variant. We analyzed the impact of these different amino acid changes on THOC6 protein expression, cellular localization and interaction with the other THO complex subunits. We show that the different THOC6 variants alter the physiological nuclear localizationof the protein and its interaction with at least two THO subunits, THOC1 and THOC5. Two amino acid changes from the three-variant haplotype alone have specific effects and might contribute to the pathogenicity of the haplotype. Overall, we expanded the cohort of currently known individuals with BBIS by reporting two individuals carrying the same recurrent European haplotype composed of three amino acid changes, affecting THOC6 localization and interaction with THO protein partners.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Layered Metal—Organic Framework as a Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Olefin Epoxidation Reactions. (2012)

Abstract A novel cobalt complex is prepared and successfully applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of alkenes (I).
Neurologic Deficit Associated With Lateralizing Calcaneal Osteotomy for Cavovarus Foot Correction (2016)

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
A compact and programmable high-frequency oscillator based on a MEMS resonator (2008)

This paper presents a 1.65-2.0 GHz digitally programmable oscillator. The oscillator is based on a MEMS resonator combined with a high-resolution 0.18 mum CMOS fractional-N PLL. Due to the dimensions of the MEMS resonator (350 mum times 130 mum), the size of the entire system is ~6.05 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and can be integrated into a single small form factor package. The phase noise for an oscillation frequency of 1.8 GHz is -116 dBc/Hz at a 600 kHz offset, and the entire system consumes 50 mW from a 2 V supply. The PLL employs a 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -order 20-bit delta-sigma modulator to deliver an output resolution of ~220 Hz, i.e. enabling a controlled frequency stability of better than 0.125 ppm.
Internal forces in nondegenerate two-dimensional electron systems (1997)

We use Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to study the Coulomb forces that drive individual electrons in a two-dimensional normal electron fluid and a Wigner crystal. These forces have been previously shown to determine many-electron magnetoconductivity and cyclotron resonance of nondegenerate electron systems; they are also known to provide an important characteristic of the dynamics of particles that form a fluid. We have calculated the moments of the force distribution that are relevant for electron transport, which will permit a quantitative comparison of the many-electron transport theory with experiment. We have investigated the shape of the force distribution. Far tails of the distribution were analyzed by combining the method of optimal fluctuation with MC calculations, and the results were compared with direct MC results.
Photonic Crystal Attenuator with a Flexible Waveguide and Nano-Rods (2006)

We propose a mechanical tuning method for a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PC) attenuator with a flexible waveguide and double-layered nano-rods. The 2D-PCs have a triangular lattice of air holes in a silicon slab waveguide. PCs act as optical attenuators because of their photonic band gaps. By inserting nano-rods (500 nm in diameter) into PC’s air holes (650 nm in diameter), the refractive index in the holes changes. Therefore transmittance can be tuned by insertion depth. We fabricated the device by an alignment-free simple process with direct EB lithography and demonstrated 7 dB attenuation at 1500 nm of incident wavelength.
Work in Progress: A Vision for the First “Product Innovation Sequence” for Chemical Engineers (2020)

She obtained her certification as a Training and Development Professional (CTDP) from the Canadian Society for Training and Development (CSTD) in 2010, providing her with a solid background in instructional design, facilitation and evaluation.Dr. Bodnar's research interests relate to the incorporation of active learning techniques in undergraduate classes (problem based learning, games and simulations, etc.) as well as integration of innovation and entrepreneurship into the Chemical
Unitary Approximate Message Passing for Sparse Bayesian Learning (2021)

Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) can be implemented with low complexity based on the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm. However, it does not work well for a generic measurement matrix, which may cause AMP to diverge. Damped AMP has been used for SBL to alleviate the problem at the cost of reducing convergence speed. In this work, we propose a new SBL algorithm based on structured variational inference, leveraging AMP with a unitary transformation (UAMP). Both single measurement vector and multiple measurement vector problems are investigated. It is shown that, compared to stateof- the-art AMP-based SBL algorithms, the proposed UAMPSBL is more robust and efficient, leading to remarkably better performance.
Structure-based design of stabilized recombinant influenza neuraminidase tetramers (2022)

Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is a major antiviral drug target and has recently reemerged as a key target of antibody-mediated protective immunity. Here we show that recombinant NAs across non-bat subtypes adopt various tetrameric conformations, including an "open" state that may help explain poorly understood variations in NA stability across viral strains and subtypes. We use homology-directed protein design to uncover the structural principles underlying these distinct tetrameric conformations and stabilize multiple recombinant NAs in the "closed" state, yielding two near-atomic resolution structures of NA by cryo-EM. In addition to enhancing thermal stability, conformational stabilization improves affinity to protective antibodies elicited by viral infection, including antibodies targeting a quaternary epitope and the broadly conserved catalytic site. Stabilized NAs can also be integrated into viruses without affecting fitness. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of NA structure, stability, and antigenicity, and establish design strategies for reinforcing the conformational integrity of recombinant NA proteins.