gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of melamine polyphosphate and halloysite nanotubes on the flammability and thermal behavior of polyamide 6 (2014)

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were introduced to polyamide 6 (PA6) by melt blending in order to improve the fire resistance. PA6 composite containing 12% flame retardants with good spinnability was obtained. The flammability of PA6 composite was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The results indicated that the LOI value could reach 24.0 vol.% and UL-94 rating could achieve V2 level at the presence of 12% flame retardants. CONE data demonstrated that peak heat release rate was significantly reduced from 554 kW/m2 of neat PA6 to 368 kW/m2 of the sample containing flame retardants. Thermal analysis indicated that the thermal stability and char formation were improved by the presence of flame retardants. The morphology of residue char was characterized by scanning electron microscopy; and it suggested that a network-structured protective char layer had been formed. The possible synergism between MPP/HNT and their flame retardant mechanism was also analyzed and discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for Differential Functions of the p50 and p65 Subunits of NF-κB with a Cell Adhesion Model (1993)

The p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappa B represent two members of a gene family that shares considerable homology to the rel oncogene. Proteins encoded by these genes form homo- and heterodimers which recognize a common DNA sequence motif. Recent data have suggested that homodimers of individual subunits of NF-kappa B can selectively activate gene expression in vitro. To explore this possibility in a more physiological manner, murine embryonic stem (ES) cells were treated with phosphorothio antisense oligonucleotides to either p50 or p65. Within 5 h after exposure to phosphorothio antisense p65 oligonucleotides, cells exhibited dramatic alterations in adhesion properties. Similar findings were obtained in a stable cell line that expressed a dexamethasone-inducible antisense mRNA to p65. Although antisense oligonucleotides raised against both p50 and p65 elicited a significant reduction in their respective mRNAs, only the cells treated with antisense p50 maintained a normal morphology. However, 6 days following removal of leukemia-inhibiting factor, a growth factor which suppresses embryonic stem cell differentiation, adhesion properties of cells treated with the antisense p50 oligonucleotides were markedly affected. The ability of the individual antisense oligonucleotides to elicit differential effects on cell adhesion, a property dependent upon the stage of differentiation, suggests that the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappa B regulate gene expression either as homodimers or as heterodimers with other rel family members. Furthermore, the finding that reduction in p65 expression alone had profound effects on cell adhesion properties indicates that p65 plays an important role in nonstimulated cells and cannot exist solely complexed with the cytosolic inhibitory protein I kappa B.
Synthesis of Cinnamic Acids and Related Isosteres as Potent and Selective αvβ3 Receptor Antagonists. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Route-based Radio Coverage Analysis of Cellular Network Deployments for V2N Communication (2019)

Cellular vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication will be the backbone of the connected vehicles of future. One of the key requirements of the connected vehicles is a near universal coverage on the streets. Traditional radio network planning for cellular coverage is done with raster format whereby all pixels in a network area have equal weighting. Whereas, for V2N communication the target is to primarily ensure continuous network coverage on the streets. In this work, a route-based methodology which is pertinent for V2N coverage analysis is presented. This method adds another key parameter into consideration, namely, the base stations (BS) deployment schema. Existing cellular networks, whereby, small base stations (BSs) are deployed at the macro BS cell-edge, at traffic hotspots or to compensate for coverage holes, may not be sufficient for V2N coverage especially at millimeter wave (mmWave) carrier frequencies. Herein, we perform the coverage analysis for an existing small BS deployment as well as for an ultra-dense deployment at 2 GHz, 5 GHz and 28 GHz carriers. The statistics for signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) and achieved rate are aggregated by a large number of realistic vehicular routes from Google Directions application programming interface (API).
The effect of jet shape on jet injection (2015)

The effects of the dispersion pattern of a needle-free jet injector are explored. The shape of the jets were compared using a high-speed video camera and jet injections of collimated and dispersed fluid jets with a Lorentz-force actuated jet injector were made into acrylamide gel and post-mortem porcine tissue. A custom-built high-speed X-ray imaging system was used in order to observe the dynamics of the dispersion mechanism for each injection in real time. We show that a collimated jet stream results in greater tissue penetration than a dispersed jet stream.
Chronic Adaptations of the Posterior Rotator Cuff in Professional Pitchers (2021)

Our results are contrary to current literature as we expected to see a stronger dominant arm, with a larger pennation angle and greater muscle thickness. Interestingly, we found that ER strength was positively related to only the thickness of the infraspinatus muscle, and that soft tissue GIRD was positively related to only the side-to-side adaptation of the pennation angle within the deep portion of the teres minor. This suggests that when posterior shoulder tightness occurs, specifically the architecture of the teres minor muscle is involved. However, the organization to which these players belonged has a very extensive training protocol throughout the year that emphasizes bilateral training during a large majority of the exercises. Therefore, the results may not be generalizable to all professional players.
Monolithic Dual-polarization Silicon Modulator for 180 Gb/s DMT Signal Transmission (2018)

We present a monolithic dual-polarization modulator based on two silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators and a two-dimensional grating coupler as the dual-polarization output coupler. Data transmission at 180 Gb/s using discrete multi-tone modulation is demonstrated.
Hybrid Full-Color Inorganic Light-Emitting Diodes Integrated on a Single Wafer Using Selective Area Growth and Adhesive Bonding (2018)

In recent years, research into implementing microdisplays for use in virtual reality and augmented reality has been actively conducted worldwide. Specifically, inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED) have many advantages in microdisplays, so much effort has been made to implement them in various ways. However, it is still challenging to realize a display with high resolution using only inorganic LEDs without color conversion layers because a typical LED chip is designed to emit only one color on a single wafer. In this study, we integrated high-efficiency red, green, and blue (RGB) LED material systems on the same sapphire substrate. Since the blue and green LED structures comprised the same GaN semiconductor, a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method was used to integrate them. Meanwhile, the red LEDs made from another semiconductor were incorporated into the blue/green LEDs using a wafer-bonding technique. The fabricated hybrid RGB LEDs were able to cover a wide color space. In addition, the RGB LED material systems consisting of a high-quality single crystal were stably combined on the sapphire substrate without any structural defects. We show the possibility of their use in displays by integrating the RGB LEDs on one chip and suggest that their utilization could range from large-area LED displays to ultrahigh-resolution small displays.
Selective Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Aromatic Ketones to Cyclohexane Derivatives Using a Rh@SILP Catalyst (2020)

Abstract Rhodium nanoparticles immobilized on an acid‐free triphenylphosphonium‐based supported ionic liquid phase (Rh@SILP(Ph 3 ‐P‐NTf 2 )) enabled the selective hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of aromatic ketones. The flexible molecular approach used to assemble the individual catalyst components (SiO 2 , ionic liquid, nanoparticles) led to outstanding catalytic properties. In particular, intimate contact between the nanoparticles and the phosphonium ionic liquid is required for the deoxygenation reactivity. The Rh@SILP(Ph 3 ‐P‐NTf 2 ) catalyst was active for the hydrodeoxygenation of benzylic ketones under mild conditions, and the product distribution for non‐benzylic ketones was controlled with high selectivity between the hydrogenated (alcohol) and hydrodeoxygenated (alkane) products by adjusting the reaction temperature. The versatile Rh@SILP(Ph 3 ‐P‐NTf 2 ) catalyst opens the way to the production of a wide range of high‐value cyclohexane derivatives by the hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation of Friedel–Crafts acylation products and lignin‐derived aromatic ketones.
Nobel Lecture: Single molecules, cells, and super-resolution optics (2015)

15 MoreReceived 12 March 2015DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.87.1153© 2015 Nobel Foundation, Published by The American Physical Society*The 2014 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was shared by Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell, and William E. Moerner. These papers are the text of the address given in conjunction with the award.
The future of critical care: renal support in 2027 (2017)

Since its inception four decades ago, both the clinical and technologic aspects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) have evolved substantially. Devices now specifically designed for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury are widely available and the clinical challenges associated with treating this complex patient population continue to be addressed. However, several important questions remain unanswered, leaving doubts in the minds of many clinicians about therapy prescription/delivery and patient management. Specifically, questions surrounding therapy dosing, timing of initiation and termination, fluid management, anticoagulation, drug dosing, and data analytics may lead to inconsistent delivery of CRRT and even reluctance to prescribe it. In this review, we discuss current limitations of CRRT and potential solutions over the next decade from both a patient management and a technology perspective. We also address the issue of sustainability for CRRT and related therapies beyond 2027 and raise several points for consideration.
Optical Injection Locking of Polarization Modes in VCSELs Emitting at 1.3 $\mu{\rm m}$ Wavelength (2013)

Injection locking of polarization modes of 1.3 μm wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) fabricated via wafer fusion is investigated. Maps of the injected modes in the frequency-power plane reveal the detailed response of the slave VCSEL to the optical injection, in agreement with numerical simulations of the system.
Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of 15-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Toddlers Previously Vaccinated With 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (2014)

Both formulations of PCV15 display acceptable safety profiles and induce IgG and OPA responses to all vaccine serotypes.
Copolymers with Well-Controlled Molecular Weight and Low Polydispersity for 193 nm Photoresists (2003)

One of the major components of a photoresist formulation is polymer resin. Many resin types including COMA, VEMA, CO and acrylates are being used in 193 nm-photoresist formulation. A set of promising resin candidates for 193 nm lithography consists of acrylate and methacrylate polymers, which have excellent absorption characteristics at 193 nm region. We have developed controlled radical polymerization (CRP) method to control the molecular weight as well as the composition of the acrylate & methacrylate copolymers over a wide range of monomer choices for the 193 nm-photoresist formulation. In this study, we prepared a pure acrylate-type copolymer with low molecular weight distribution (PDI∼1.2) and investigated it for line-and-space lithography.
Overall design requirements of broadband ATM network (1991)

The overall design issues for broadband asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are investigated. Three kinds of network design requirements are considered: user grade-of-service (GOS) requirements, network manager requirements, and system designer requirements. The design balance among user, network manager, and designer performance measures is shown. It is shown that the design parameters for broadband ATM exchange can be tuned within the acceptable sets by the layering concept on performance objectives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Three-mirror resonator with aspheric feedback mirror for laser spatial mode selection and mode shaping (2004)

The spatial-mode characteristics are studied for a three-mirror resonator consisting of a diffractive aspheric third mirror aligned collinearly with a standing-wave two-mirror resonator. Simulations predict that enhanced spatial-mode selection and mode shaping can be achieved by this three-mirror cavity. A three-mirror Nd:YVO/sub 4/ solid-state laser with an optimized aspheric third mirror has been designed and implemented to oscillate in a designed fundamental Gaussian mode. The modal discrimination was measured to be 1.43 and the propagation factor M/sup 2/ was 1.02.
Serum Cytokinome Profile Evaluation: A Tool to Define New Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Cancer Using Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays (2016)

In recent years, many researchers are focusing their attention on the link between inflammation and cancer. The inflammation is involved in the tumor development and suppression, by stimulating the immune response. In particular, the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer produces angiogenic and growth factors able to repair the tissue and to promote cancer cell survival, implantation, and growth. In this contest, the cytokines contribute to the development of these processes becoming active before and during the inflammatory process and playing an important function at the various disease levels. Thus, these proteins can represent specific markers of tumor development and progression. Therefore the "cytokinome" term is used to indicate the evaluation of cytokine pattern by using an "omics" approach. Newly, specific protein chips of considerable and improved sensitivity are being developed to determine simultaneously several and different cytokines. This can be achieved by a multiplex technology that, through the use of small amounts of serum or other fluids, is used to determine the presence and the levels of underrepresented cytokines. Since this method is an accurate, sensitive, and reproducible cytokine assay, it is already used in many different studies. Thus, this review focuses on the more latest aspects related to cytokinome profile evaluation in different cancers.
Identification of a functional water channel in cytochrome P450 enzymes (1997)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are monooxygenases that contain a functional heme b group linked to a conserved cysteine with a thiolate bond. In the native state, the central iron atom is hexacoordinated with a covalently bound water molecule. The exclusion of solvent molecules from the active site is essential for efficient enzymatic function. Upon substrate binding, water has to be displaced from the active site to prevent electron uncoupling that results in hydrogen peroxide or water. In contrast to typical hemoproteins, the protein surface is not directly accessible from the heme of cytochromes P450. We postulate a two-state model in which a conserved arginine, stabilizing the heme propionate in all known cytochrome P450 crystal structures, changes from the initial, stable side-chain conformation to another rotamer (metastable). In this new state, a functional water channel (aqueduct) is formed from the active site to a water cluster located on the thiolate side of the heme, close to the protein surface. This water cluster communicates with the surface in the closed state and is partly replaced by the flipping arginine side chain in the open state, allowing water molecules to exit to the surface or to reaccess the active site. This two-state model suggests the presence of an exit pathway for water between the active site and the protein surface.
Targeting of BMI-1 expression by the novel small molecule PTC596 in mantle cell lymphoma (2018)

Despite the development of the novel Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains an incurable B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. BMI-1 is required for the self-renewal and maintenance of MCL-initiating stem cells. Upregulation of BMI-1 has been reported in MCL patients, especially in those with refractory/relapsed disease. We studied the effects of a novel small-molecule selective inhibitor of BMI1 expression, PTC596, in MCL cells. Eight MCL cell lines and patient-derived samples were exposed to PTC596. PTC596 induced mitochondrial apoptosis, as evidenced by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 cleavage, BAX activation, and phosphatidylserine externalization. There was a positive correlation between baseline BMI-1 protein levels and PTC596-induced apoptosis. p53 status did not affect sensitivity to PTC596. PTC596 effectively decreased BMI-1-expressing and tumor-initiating side population MCL cells (IC<sub>50</sub>: 138 nM) compared with ibrutinib, which modestly decreased side population cells. Interestingly, PTC596, reported to target cancer stem cells, decreased MCL-1 expression levels and antagonized ibrutinib-induced increase in MCL-1 expression, leading to synergistic apoptosis induction in MCL cells. There are currently no drugs that specifically target cancer stem cell fractions, and a reduction in BMI-1 protein by PTC596 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for MCL.
Optical packet switching and associated optical signal processing (2003)

In this talk we will review functions for optical packet switching and ultra-fast network functions that can be handled using all-optical signal processing technologies. We will review research results utilizing ultra-fast all-optical nonlinear fiber wavelength converters and InP integrated optical wavelength converters. Application to all-optical label swapping and WDM/OTDM networks will be discussed.
Unsafe Maneuver Classification From Dashcam Video and GPS/IMU Sensors Using Spatio-Temporal Attention Selector (2022)

In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning architecture to classify unsafe driving maneuvers from dashcam and IMU data. Such architecture processes the output of an object detection algorithm in combination with raw video frames and GPS/IMU data. At the core of the architecture there is a novel Spatio-Temporal Attention Selector (STAS) module, which (1) extracts features describing the evolution of each object in the scene over time and (2) leverages multi-head dot product attention to select the relevant ones, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i.e.</i> , the dangerous ones or the ones in danger, to perform classification. We also introduce a simple but effective methodology to increase the benefit of fine-tuning the backbone network. Our method is shown to achieve higher performance than other approaches in the literature applying attention over single frames.
Digital Ripple Correlation Control for Photovoltaic Applications (2007)

Ripple correlation control (RCC) is a fast, robust online optimization technique. RCC is particularly suited for switching power converters, where the inherent ripple provides information about the system operating point. The present work examines a digital formulation that has reduced power consumption and greater robustness. A maximum power point tracker for a photovoltaic panel demonstrates greater than 99% tracking accuracy and fast convergence.
Virologic Response Following Combined Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir Administration in Patients With HCV Genotype 1 and HIV Co-infection (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01878799.
C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) is a strong prognostic marker in patients with heart failure after an acute myocardial infarction: results from the OPTIMAAL study (2009)

Copeptin is a strong and novel marker for mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure after AMI. In this population, the predictive value of copeptin was even stronger than BNP and NT-proBNP.
“Plug-n-Play” Sensing with Digital Microfluidics (2019)

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a platform that enables highly reconfigurable and automated fluidic operations using a generic device architecture. A unique hallmark of DMF is its "flexibility": a generic device design can be used and reused for many different, divergent fluidic operations. The flexibility of DMF is compromised when devices are permanently modified with embedded sensors. Here we introduce a solution to the "flexibility gap" between fluidic operations in digital microfluidics and embedded sensors: "plug-n-play DMF" (PnP-DMF). In PnP-DMF, devices are designed to allow for rapid and seamless exchange of sensors depending on the application needs. This paper provides "proof of concept" for PnP-DMF using commercial biosensors for glucose and β-ketone, a custom paper-based electrochemical sensor for lactate, and a generic screen-printed electroanalytical cell. We demonstrate that hot-swapping sensors between experiments allows for convenient implementation of complex processes such as automated analysis of blood samples by standard addition. Finally, we explored the suitability for using PnP sensors in tandem with other sensing modalities, combining biosensor-based electrochemical measurement of glucose with a chemiluminescent magnetic bead-based sandwich immunoassay for insulin. The latter is notable, as it constitutes the first report of an analysis of different analytes in both the supernatant and precipitate from a single sample-aliquot in a microfluidic device. The results presented here highlight the versatility of PnP-DMF, illustrating how it may be useful for a wide range of applications in diagnostics and beyond.