gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Properties and Microstructure of Low-Temperature-Crystallized Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films Prepared by 2.45 GHz Microwave Irradiation (2009)

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were coated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by a sol–gel method and then crystallized at 490 °C using the magnetic field of 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation. The crystalline phases and microstructures as well as the electrical properties of the PZT thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the films were crystallized well into the perovskite phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the PZT films had a typical rosette structure, which consisted of large round grains on a matrix of fine grains. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study revealed that the fine grains were also mainly crystallized into the perovskite phase. The average remanent polarization and coercive field of the PZT films were approximately 21 µC/cm2 and 92 kV/cm, respectively, whereas the dielectric constant and loss value measured at 1 kHz were approximately 510 and 0.07, respectively.
Homozygosity Mapping of Achromatopsia to Chromosome 2 Using DNA Pooling (1997)

Achromatopsia is an autosomal recessive disease of the retina, characterized clinically by an inability to distinguish colors, impaired visual acuity, nystagmus and photophobia. A genome-wide search for linkage was performed using an inbred Jewish kindred from Iran. To facilitate the genome-wide search, we utilized a DNA pooling strategy which takes advantage of the likelihood that the disease in this inbred kindred is inherited by all affected individuals from a common founder. Equal molar amounts of DNA from all affected individuals were pooled and used as the PCR template for short tandem repeat polymorphic markers (STRPs). Pooled DNA from unaffected members of the kindred was used as a control. A reduction in the number of alleles in the affected versus control pool was observed at several loci. Upon genotyping of individual family members, significant linkage was established between the disease phenotype and markers localized on chromosome 2. The highest LOD score observed was 5.4 (theta = 0). When four additional small unrelated families were genotyped, the combined peak LOD score was 8.2. Analysis of recombinant chromosomes revealed that the disease gene lies within a 30 cM interval which spans the centromere. Additional fine-mapping studies identified a region of homozygosity in all affected individuals, narrowing the region to 14 cM. A candidate gene for achromatopsia was excluded from this disease interval by radiation hybrid mapping. Linkage of achromatopsia to chromosome 2 is an essential first step in the identification of the disease-causing gene.
Noninvasive detection of spatiotemporal activation-repolarization interactions that prime idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (2021)

A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between triggers and electrical substrates leading to ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac arrest is lacking, and electrical substrates are difficult to detect and localize with current clinical tools. Here, we created repolarization time (RT) dispersion by regional drug infusion in perfused explanted human (<i>n</i> = 1) and porcine (<i>n</i> = 6) hearts and in a computational model of the human ventricle. Arrhythmia induction was tested with a single ventricular extrastimulus applied at the early or late RT region. Arrhythmias could only be induced from early RT regions. Vulnerability to VF increased with RT gradient steepness and with larger areas of early RT, but not with markers on the body-surface electrocardiogram. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging was performed in survivors of idiopathic VF (<i>n</i> = 11), patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) but no history of sudden cardiac arrest (<i>n</i> = 7), and controls (<i>n</i> = 10). In survivors of idiopathic VF, RT gradients were steeper than in controls, without differences in the clinical electrocardiogram, consistent with the ex vivo results. Patients with idiopathic VF also showed local myocardial regions with distinctly early-versus-late RT that were more balanced in size than in controls. Premature beats originated more often from the early RT regions in idiopathic VF survivors than in patients with frequent PVCs only. Thus, idiopathic VF emerges from the spatiotemporal interaction of a premature beat from an early-repolarization region with critical repolarization dispersion in that region. Electrocardiographic imaging can uncover the co-occurrence of these abnormalities.
HPMA Copolymer-1,5-Diazaanthraquinone Conjugates as Novel Anticancer Therapeutics (2004)

1,5-diazaanthraquinones (DAQs) are promising anticancer drugs, however, their clinical potential is limited due to poor solubility. Conjugation of anticancer agents to hydrophilic water-soluble polymers can overcome this problem and has already been used to generate conjugates with demonstrated clinical benefit. Here a library of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer conjugates containing a novel amino-functionalised 1,5-diazaanthraquinone derivative (amino-DAQ) have been synthesised. The conjugates were fully characterised by UV, HPLC, SEC, FT-Raman and NMR spectroscopy. Conjugation to HPMA copolymers improved amino-DAQ aqueous solubility (>7-fold). The HPMA copolymer-amino-DAQ conjugates were slightly less haemolytic than the parent compound (2% Hb released in 1 h for conjugate HPMA copolymer-GFLG (5 mol%)-amino-DAQ conjugate compared to 13% obtained with amino-DAQ). When conjugates were incubated with isolated rat liver lysosomal enzymes (Tritosomes) the rate of amino-DAQ release was influenced by both drug loading and the composition of the peptidyl side chain used to link the drug to the carrier. The higher the drug loading the lower the rate of drug release. Whereas the GG linker did not release amino-DAQ, up to 26% of the amino-DAQ was released from a GFLG linker over 24 h. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these conjugates was evaluated against two different cell lines, B16F10 murine melanoma and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. HPMA copolymer-amino-DAQ conjugates, which are internalised by cells by the endocytic pathway, showed much lower in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50 for HPMA copolymer-GFLG (5 mol%)-amino-DAQ conjugate>397 microM drug-equiv.) than the free drug (the IC50 for amino-DAQ was 12.6 and 2.8 microM against the B16F10 murine melanoma and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, respectively). Nonetheless, the observed lysosomal activation of the HPMA copolymer-GFLG-amino-DAQ conjugates, suggests that evaluation of the antitumour potential in vivo is warranted.
Cardiac Output in Polycythemia Vera. (1968)

s1 May 1968Cardiac Output in Polycythemia Vera.P. M. Weber, M.D., F.A.C.P., M. Pollycove, M.D., M. Bacaner, M.D., J. H. Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P.P. M. Weber, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, M. Pollycove, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. Bacaner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. H. Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1173_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhile the influence of acute changes in blood volume and hematocrit (hct) upon cardiac output have been well-documented, the cardiac output in polycythemia vera has been reported variously as increased, unchanged, and decreased. In this study an effort was made to clarify the effects of chronic change in blood volume and hct on cardiac output by studying 32 subjects, 25 with polycythemia vera and 7 who were normal. Some of the patients with polycythemia vera had been treated so that their blood volumes, though not necessarily their hcts, were normal. Therefore, 3 groups were compared; normal subjects (7), polycythemia vera... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Berkeley, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1173-1173KeywordsBlood volumeCardiac outputHematocritPolycythemia vera Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Frequency offset compensation scheme for MB-OFDM by frequency spreading (2005)

Recently, multiband OFDM (MB-OFDM) ultra wideband (UWB) communication system is actively investigated for high speed wireless communications. In this system, frequency hopping (FH) and OFDM are implemented for high data-rate transmission. However this combination of FH and OFDM makes frequency offset as a considerable problem. In this paper, a novel frequency offset compensation scheme for MB-OFDM by symbol mapping at frequency spreading is proposed, and its performance is evaluated through the computer simulation. Additionally, frequency offset estimation scheme using channel estimation symbols is proposed and evaluated.
Using Depth for Pixel-Wise Detection of Adversarial Attacks in Crowd Counting (2019)

State-of-the-art methods for counting people in crowded scenes rely on deep networks to estimate crowd density. While effective, deep learning approaches are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which, in a crowd-counting context, can lead to serious security issues. However, attack and defense mechanisms have been virtually unexplored in regression tasks, let alone for crowd density estimation. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of existing attack strategies on crowd-counting networks, and introduce a simple yet effective pixel-wise detection mechanism. It builds on the intuition that, when attacking a multitask network, in our case estimating crowd density and scene depth, both outputs will be perturbed, and thus the second one can be used for detection purposes. We will demonstrate that this significantly outperforms heuristic and uncertainty-based strategies.
Optimized design of a low-resistance electrical conductor for the multimegahertz range (2011)

We propose a design for a conductive wire composed of several mutually insulated coaxial conducting shells. With the help of numerical optimization, it is possible to obtain electrical resistances significantly lower than those of a heavy-gauge copper wire or litz wire in the 2–20 MHz range. Moreover, much of the reduction in resistance can be achieved for just a few shells; in contrast, litz wire would need to contain ∼104 strands to perform comparably in this frequency range.
Supplementary Methods, Tables 1 - 6, Figures 1 - 5 from APOBEC3B Upregulation and Genomic Mutation Patterns in Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 481K, Table S1: Cell line information Table S2: Quantitative PCR primer and probe sequences. Table S3: Non-malignant tissues tested Table S4: Early stage serous ovarian tumors used in sequence analyses Table S5: Additional ovarian tumor specimens analyzed Table S6: Microarray analysis of APOBEC3 and select control gene probe sets in ovarian TCGA data Figure S1: Polynucleotide cytosine deaminase expression in ovarian cell lines. Figure S2: Endogenous DNA deaminase activity in APOBEC3B high and low cell lines. Figure S3: Endogenous APOBEC3B activity on alternate dinucleotide substrates. Figure S4: Polynucleotide cytosine deaminase expression in ovarian primary samples. Figure S5: Polynucleotide cytosine deaminase expression in ovarian TCGA samples by RNAseq.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>2-D Silicon/PLZT Spatial Light Modulators: System Application Potential</title> (1986)

This paper presents a description and design considerations for silicon/PLZT spatial light modulators (Si/PLZT SLMs) which provide high parallel processing power, dynamic range, cellular resolution, sensitivity and the potential for implementation of &quot;smart&quot; optical devices. Following an overview of Si/PLZT SLMs, we discuss potential performance with respect to fundamental limits. Finally, we predict performance in specific applications. This analysis suggests that Si/PLZT SLMs can play an important role in the implementation of a variety of optical processing and computing systems.
Microbial fermentation of flaxseed fibers modulates the transcriptome of GPR41-expressing enteroendocrine cells and protects mice against diet-induced obesity (2018)

Dietary fibers, an integral part of the human diet, require the enzymatic activity of the gut microbiota for complete metabolism into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are important modulators of host metabolism and physiology and act in part as signaling molecules by activating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as GPR41. Flaxseed fibers improve metabolism in rodents and mice, but their fermentation profiles, effects on enteroendocrine cells, and associated metabolic benefits are unknown. We fed GPR41-red fluorescent protein mice, an enteroendocrine reporter mouse strain, chow, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented either with 10% nonfermentable fiber cellulose or fermentable flaxseed fibers for 12 wk to assess changes in cecal gut microbiota, enteroendocrine cell transcriptome in the ileum and colon, and physiological parameters. We observed that flaxseed fibers restructured the gut microbiota and promoted proliferation of the genera Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia compared with HFD. The shifts in cecal bacterial composition restored levels of the SCFAs butyrate similar to the chow diet, resulting in colonic but not ileal enteroendocrine cell transcriptional changes in genes related to cell cycle, mRNA, and protein transport compared with HFD. Consistent with the effects on enteroendocrine functions, flaxseed fibers also protected mice from diet-induced obesity, potentially by preventing a reduction in energy expenditure induced by an HFD. Our study shows that flaxseed fibers alter cecal microbial ecology, are fermented to SCFAs in the cecum, and modulate enteroendocrine cell transcriptome in the colon, which may contribute to their metabolically favorable phenotype.
Detecting Text Baselines in Historical Documents With Baseline Primitives (2021)

Previous deep learning based approaches to text baseline detection in historical documents usually take it as a semantic segmentation task. These methods adopt a fully convolutional neural network to predict baseline pixels first and then group them into lines by heuristic post-processing steps, which tends to suffer from a wrongly merged or wrongly split problem owing to limited context information provided by pixels. To address these issues, we introduce the concept of a baseline primitive, which is defined as a virtual bounding box centered at each baseline pixel. After baseline primitive detection, a relation network is used to predict a link relationship for each pair of primitives. Consequently, text baselines are generated by detecting baseline primitives and grouping them with the corresponding link relationships. Owing to the design of baseline primitives, wider context information can be leveraged to improve link prediction accuracy. Therefore, our approach can effectively detect text baselines with small inter-line or large inter-word spacing. Quantitative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed baseline primitive design. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on two public benchmarks, namely cBAD 2017 and cBAD 2019.
Design and Modelling of anAffordable UAV Based Pesticide Sprayer in Agriculture Applications (2019)

The usage of multirotor helicopters in the agricultural system is increasing rapidly. In the present generation Automation is used in every industrial system but not much in agriculture. Till now most of the farmers are applying fertilizers and pesticides manually in their fields especially in developing countries. This causes many health issues to them because of the chemicals they are using. In near future Unmanned Ariel Vehicles (UAVs) are used in the agricultural field for monitoring, analyzing the field, disease detection, detection of the faulty area, identifying the suitable pesticide and applying the pesticide in the affected area. Present spraying systems in quadcopters are manually controlled or semi-autonomous. In this project, UAV is used for agricultural spraying which can be done semi autonomously.
Abstract 4475: Discovery and characterization of PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors (2010)

Abstract Abnormal PI3K pathway activation plays a major role in cancer, as a result of either RTK activation or somatic mutations of major components of the pathway, including activating point mutations and amplification of the PIK3CA gene as well as loss of negative regulatory proteins such as PTEN. Most of the ATP-competitive PI3K inhibitors currently in clinical development inhibit all class I PI3K isoforms: however, several recent reports support the development of isoform-specific inhibitors. In particular, while PI3Kα specific inhibitors are predicted to inhibit growth of tumors with PIK3CA mutations, PTEN-deficient tumors have been shown to depend on PI3Kβ. In addition, isoform specific PI3K inhibitors may exhibit better safety profiles compared to pan-selective PI3K inhibitors, and thus may be easier to combine with other targeted or cytotoxic therapies. Here we report the discovery of ATP-competitive inhibitors with selectivity for PI3Kα, PI3Kα/mTOR, or PI3Kβ, which were identified and optimized by means of high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry. These inhibitors exhibit biochemical IC50 values below 100 nM and good selectivity over other PI3K isoforms and a diverse panel of protein kinases. Cellular assays demonstrate that PI3Kα or PI3Kα/mTOR compounds inhibit phosphorylation of targets downstream of PI3K (Akt) and mTOR (S6 and p70S6 kinase) in the PI3Kα-activated MCF7 cell line, and that effects on PI3K pathway readouts are less pronounced in PC3 cells lacking PTEN. In contrast, PI3Kβ compounds potently inhibit phosphorylation of AKT (cellular IC50s &amp;lt; 200 nM) in the PTEN-deficient PC3 tumor cell line, and the most PI3Kβ-selective inhibitors are inactive on AKT phosphorylation in PI3Kα-activated H460 cells. In vivo pharmacodynamic analyses following oral administration of these isoform-selective inhibitors to mice bearing xenografted tumors demonstrate dose-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation of PI3K and mTOR effectors at well-tolerated doses. These results strongly argue for the development of isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors for the treatment of cancer patients harboring tumors with PTEN- deficient or PI3Kα-activated specific genotypes. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4475.
SiMPE (2010)

With the proliferation of pervasive devices and the increase in their processing capabilities, client-side speech processing has been emerging as a viable alternative. The SiMPE workshop series started in 2006 [5] with the goal of enabling speech processing on mobile and embedded devices to meet the challenges of pervasive environments (such as noise) and leveraging the context they offer (such as location).
Novel Rotor Ground-Fault Detection Algorithm for Synchronous Machines With Static Excitation Based on Third-Harmonic Voltage-Phasor Comparison (2015)

This paper presents a new algorithm for detecting ground faults in rotor windings. This location method is suitable for synchronous generators with static excitation, whose excitation field winding is fed by controlled rectifiers through an excitation transformer. This new algorithm is an improvement of an online ground-fault location method presented previously, in which the effect of the rotor capacitance has a high influence in the correct detection of the fault. The detection of the ground fault is performed by the supervision of the phase angle between two phasor voltages. The first one is the third-harmonic phasor voltage obtained from the measurement of the field voltage, which is used as a reference. The second one is the third-harmonic voltage phasor obtained by the measurement in a grounding resistance placed in the neutral of the excitation transformer. It allows not only detecting the ground fault along the field winding but also distinguishing the cases of ground fault in the rotor winding, from the cases of high influence of the rotor capacitance in healthy condition. This new algorithm has been tested with satisfactory results in a 106-MVA hydro generating unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Imidazoline Derivatives from Dimethyl (2,2‐Dimethylhydrazino)succinate and Allyl or Phenyl Isothiocyanate. (1988)

Abstract Instead of the expected thiosemicarbazides, the imidazoline derivatives (III) and (IV) are formed during the reaction of the hydrazinosuccinate (I) with the isothiocyanates (II).
Forced and Combined Convection of Water in Rod Bundles (1990)

Abstract Heat transfer experiments of forced turbulent and laminar and combined laminar downflows of water were conducted in uniformly heated, triangularly arranged, seven-rod bundles having P/D ratios of 1.25, 1.38, and 1.5. In the experiments Re ranged from 148 to 2.85 × 104, Pr from 5 to 9, Raqfrom 6 × 104 to 8 × 107, and Ri from 0.001 to 10. The data in the forced turbulent and the laminar flow regimes are in good agreement with the upflow correlations (within ± 15%). Also, the value of Reynolds number at the transition between these two regimes, which increased linearly with P/D ratio, is the same as that for upflow. In the laminar flow regime, the flow entering the heated section, except for the P/D ratio of 1.25, was developing hydrodynamically. However, the variation in Nu with axial location was small, suggesting that the flow in the heated rod bundles could have been developed thermally. The transition from forced laminar to combined flow occurred at Ri = 0.1, which is an order of magnitude lower than that for upflow. The combined flow data are correlated by superimposing the correlations for forced laminar and natural laminar flows as: NuC.L - [Nu3FL + Nu3]1/3for upflow and [NuCL - fNu2FL — Nu2 l;2]For downflow Tliese correlations were within ±11% and±15% of the upflow and downflow data, respectively. Additional informationNotes on contributorsSHOKRY D. BEDROSE Egyptian Nuclear Center, Cairo Egypt.
Allosteric Properties of Rat Lung Phosphofructokinase (1981)

Rat lung phosphofructokinase is purified 250-fold to a specific activity of about 10 by using ATP-sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme is activated by cyclic AMP, 5'-AMP, ADP, Pi, NH4+ and K+ ions. Depending upon the concentration of these effectors, the enzyme can exist in several interconvertible forms, differing widely in their affinity for fructose-6-P. These activators also overcome the inhibition of the enzyme by ATP and citrate, thus increasing the glycolytic rate in lung during hypoxia. Unlike the enzyme from other sources, the lung phosphofructokinase is not inhibited by cyclic GMP or phosphoenolpyruvate. The enzyme is very sensitive to inactivation by trypsin and this inactivation is completely reversed by assaying the proteolyzed enzyme in presence of its activators.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐3,4,5‐Substituted Pyrazoles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.