gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Breath-Hold Fat-Suppressed T2-Weighted Images With Deep Learning–Based Reconstruction of the Liver (2022)

BH-DL-TSE provides a shorter acquisition time and comparable or better image quality than FB-TSE, and could replace FB-TSE in acquiring FS-T2WI of the liver. BH-DL-TSE and BH-DL-HASTE have their own advantages and may be used complementarily.
Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Cortisol Secretion Rate Estimations (1962)

A series of cortisol “secretion rates” was performed on a group of totally adrenalectomized patients maintained on cortisol (llβ,17α,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) only. A single-injection isotope dilution technique was used, and the calculated secretion rate was compared with the known quantity of cortisol administered during the period of study. It was found that an important factor influencing the accuracy of the estimation was the rate of “secretion” on the day before the test. The results indicate that a 24-hr urine collection contains the metabolites of 70 % of the cortisol secreted during the time of study and the metabolites of 30% of the cortisol secreted during the 24 hours before the urine collection is started. Under basal conditions, this delay in the excretion of cortisol metabolites will not affect the accuracy of a cortisol secretion rate estimation, but in nonsteady-state conditions, such as adrenal hyperfunction, acute stress or during a corticotrophin stimulation test, the calculated cortisol secretion rate may not equal the quantity of cortisol secreted during the period of urine collection. Some indication of the day-to-day variation of the rate of cortisol secretion may be gained by comparing the daily excretion levels of urinary 17-OHCS. It is important always to perform an estimation of urinary 17-OHCS on the day before a secretion rate estimation and to compare the levels on the 2 days.
A Biphasic Response From Bladder Epithelial Cells Induced by Catheter Material and Bacteria: An In Vitro Study of the Pathophysiology of Catheter Related Urinary Tract Infection (2008)

Disruption of bladder epithelial cell membranes in vitro occurred immediately as a result of physical abrasion caused by catheters but delayed inflammation occurred in response to bacterial infection.
Interaction of Hepatitis C Virus-Like Particles and Cells: a Model System for Studying Viral Binding and Entry (2002)

Hepatitis C virus-like particles (HCV-LPs) containing the structural proteins of HCV H77 strain (1a genotype) was used as a model for HCV virion to study virus-cell interaction. HCV-LPs showed a buoyant density of 1.17 to 1.22 g/cm(3) in a sucrose gradient and formed double-shelled particles 35 to 49 nm in diameter. Flow cytometry analysis by an indirect method (detection with anti-E2 antibody) and a direct method (use of dye-labeled HCV-LPs) showed that HCV-LPs binds to several human hepatic (primary hepatocytes, HepG2, HuH7, and NKNT-3) and T-cell (Molt-4) lines. HCV-LPs binding to cells occurred in a dose- and calcium-dependent manner and was not mediated by CD81. Scatchard plot analysis suggests the presence of two binding sites for HCV-LPs with high (K(d) approximately 1 microg/ml) and low (K(d) approximately 50 to 60 microg/ml) affinities of binding. Anti-E1 and -E2 antibodies inhibited HCV-LPs binding to cells. While preincubation of HCV-LPs with very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) blocked its binding to cells, preincubation of cells with VLDL, LDL, HDL, or anti-LDL-R antibody did not. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that, after binding to cells, dye-labeled HCV-LPs were internalized into the cytoplasm. This process could be inhibited with anti-E1 or anti-E2 antibodies, suggesting that E1 and E2 proteins mediate HCV-LPs binding and, subsequently, their entry into cells. Altogether, our results indicate that HCV-LPs can be used to further characterize the mechanisms involved in the early steps of HCV infection.
A malaria phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C: a possible role in merozoite maturation and erythrocyte invasion (1990)

International audience
Electrochemical Synthesis of a Polypyrrole Thin Film with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Solvent (2005)

A conductive polypyrrole (PPy) film was successfully synthesized in a homogeneous supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)/acetonitrile (AN) system. The occurrence of a homogeneous supercritical state was confirmed by observations of the phase behavior of the system through a high-pressure cell with a viewing window. The concentration of a supporting electrolyte, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6), significantly changed the phase behavior of the scCO2/AN system. The polymerization rate of the film in that system decreased with further addition of CO2. This result suggested that the low viscosity of scCO2 did not play an important role in improving the growth rate of the PPy film. The low polymerization rate might have been due to the electron-transfer resistance arising from the low dielectric constant of scCO2/AN mixture. The roughness of the film prepared in the homogeneous scCO2/AN system was 1/10 that synthesized in AN itself as a solvent. The slow growth of film and the high diffusion rate of the monomer seemed to account for the smooth flat film formation.
Rapid monitoring of intracellular cGMP (2007)

In order to observe the spatial and temporal pattern of intracellular signalling in intact cells, we have developed a variety of sensors that are based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CFP and YFP, or similar fluorophores, fused to various signaling proteins [1]. For the detection of the second messengers we have developed similar sensors based on cAMP or cGMP binding domains derived from various proteins that were likewise fused to CFP and YFP or analogous fluorescent proteins. These sensors respond to changes in intracellular second messenger concentrations with changes in FRET. For cGMP, various sensors were developed based on fragments of cGMP-dependent protein kinase or regulatory GAF-domains, which differed in amplitude, speed of reaction and in sensitivity to cGMP [2]. When expressed in primary cells or cell culture lines, these sensors allowed spatially and temporally resolved imaging of cGMP concentrations in intact cells. More rapid variants of these sensors also permit the monitoring of oscillating changes in cGMP levels, generated, for example, by pulsatile stimulation of cGMP synthesis by sodium nitroprusside.
Changes from 1992 to 2002 in the pretreatment delay for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of larynx or pharynx: A Danish nationwide survey from DAHANCA (2006)

In Denmark, a general impression of prolonged pretreatment delay for patients with head and neck cancer led to a nationwide study of time spans from symptom debut over first health care contact to start of treatment. Charts of consecutive new patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx, seen at the five Danish oncology centers in January–April 1992 and 2002, respectively, were reviewed. Of the 288 patients identified, definitive treatment was radiotherapy in 264 cases, surgery in one case. Twenty-three patients had neither surgery nor radiotherapy. Total time from first health care contact to start of definitive treatment was significantly longer in 2002 than in 1992 (median 70 versus 50 days, p < 0.001). There was no significantly difference in time used for diagnosis. Time for treatment preparation and planning was 46 days in 2002 versus 31 days in 1992 (p < 0.001). Significantly more diagnostic procedures (CT, MR, US, PET) were done in 2002. In conclusion, this nationwide study showed that waiting time before start of radiotherapy was significantly longer in 2002 compared to 1992. An increasing number of imaging procedures including CT-based dose planning was observed. The prolongation was mainly related to shortage of radiotherapy capacity. The three weeks extra pretreatment delay could theoretically lead to a 10% lower tumor control probability in 2002 compared to 1992.
Development of a unique laboratory standard indium gallium arsenide detector for the 500 to 1700 micron spectral region, phase 2 (1990)

In the course of this work, 5 mm diameter InGaAs pin detectors were produced which met or exceeded all of the goals of the program. The best results achieved were: shunt resistance of over 300 K ohms; rise time of less than 300 ns; contact resistance of less than 20 ohms; quantum efficiency of over 50 percent in the 0.5 to 1.7 micron range; and devices were maintained and operated at 125 C without deterioration for over 100 hours. In order to achieve the goals of this program, several major technological advances were realized, among them: successful design, construction and operation of a hydride VPE reactor capable of growing epitaxial layers on 2 inch diameter InP substrates with a capacity of over 8 wafers per day; wafer processing was upgraded to handle 2 inch wafers; a double layer Si3N4/SiO2 antireflection coating which enhances response over the 0.5 to 1.7 micron range was developed; a method for anisotropic, precisely controlled CH4/H2 plasma etching for enhancement of response at short wavelengths was developed; and electronic and optical testing methods were developed to allow full characterization of detectors with size and spectral response characteristics. On the basis of the work and results achieved in this program, it is concluded that large size, high shunt resistance, high quantum efficiency InGaAs pin detectors are not only feasible but also manufacturable on industrial scale. This device spans a significant portion of visible and near infrared spectral range and it will allow a single detector to be used for the 0.5 to 1.7 micron spectral region, rather than the presently used silicon (for 0.5 to 1.1 microns) and germanium (0.8 to 1.7 microns).
Supplementary Figure Legends from Integrative Analysis of 1q23.3 Copy-Number Gain in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 81KB&lt;/p&gt;
Plasmon coupling in vertical split-ring resonator magnetic metamolecules (2015)

Vertical split-ring resonators (VSRRs) were fabricated which behave as magnetic metamolecules sensitive to both incident electric and magnetic fields with the stronger induced magnetic dipole moments upon excitation in comparison to planar SRRs. Using these metamolecules with different spacing in VSRR dimers, we investigate the hybridization of the magnetic plasmon modes associated with each constituent VSRRs. We found that plasmon coupling can be precisely controlled by varying the gap separation between VSRRs. The resulting wide tuning range of these hybrid modes offers the possibility of developing frequency selective functional devices such as sensors and filters based on plasmon coupling with high sensitivity.
Reliability of SiC Power Devices against Cosmic Ray Neutron Single-Event Burnout (2018)

High-energy neutrons produced by cosmic ray interactions with our atmosphere are known to cause single-event burnout (SEB) failure in power devices operating at high fields. We have performed accelerated high-energy neutron SEB testing of SiC and Si power devices at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANCSE). Comparing Wolfspeed SiC MOSFETs having different voltage (900V – 3300V) and current (3.5A – 72A) ratings, we find a universal behavior when scaling failure rates by active area, and scaling drain bias by avalanche voltage. Moreover, diodes and MOSFETs behave similarly, revealing that the SiC drift dominates the failure characteristics for both device types. This universal scaling holds for SiC MOSFETs from other manufacturers as well. The SEB characteristics of Si power IGBT and MOSFET devices show that near their rated voltages failure rates of Si devices can be 10X higher than that of comparable SiC MOSFET devices. Thus, Si devices are more susceptible to SEB failure from voltage overshoot conditions.
Abstract 343: Vascular Inflammation in Two Rat Models of Arterial Hypertension is Promoted by Coagulation FXI (2016)

Backgroud: Interactions of platelets, leukocytes and the vessel wall play pivotal roles in activating coagulation and precipitating thrombosis. We were recently able to uncover an angiotensin II (ATII) driven factor XI (FXI)-thrombin amplification loop leading to vascular injury in experimental hypertension in mice. Objective: We wanted was to explore the role of thrombin-FXI feedback loop in different models of arterial hypertension in rats. Methods: ATII treated wistar rats (1mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 7 days using osmotic minipumps) and 5/6 nephrectomized were used for this study. During 2 weeks rats were treated with a FXI antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) (1 week after nephrectomy or 2 weeks before ATII pump implantation, respectively). Blood pressure was recorded with tail cuff measurement. Fluorescence oxidative microtopography was used to evaluate vascular ROS production. Vascular reactivity was assessed in isolated aortic segment. Calibrated automated thrombography was used to measure thrombin generation. Results: In ATII infused rats as well as 5/6 nephrectomized rats vascular dysfunction related to hypertension was attenuated when rats were treated with FXI ASO. Hypertension induced VCAM-1 expression was normalize with inhibition of FXI. ROS formation was normalized in ATII infused rats as well as 5/6 nephrectomized treated with FXI ASO. Thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma from 5/6 nephrectomized rats was completely abolished when FXI was inhibited. Finally the overall blood pressure increase was abrogated by FXI ASO treatment in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Conclusion: FXI plays a critical role in a FXI-thrombin feedback loop in hypertension. This pathway is relevant in mice and rats and we were able to very recently obtain the first conclusive results in humans. FXI could be a novel therapeutic target to interrupt this heterotypic cellular coagulation-inflammatory circuit.
Which properties of the vascular architecture are reflected by dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of dispersion and wash-in rate? A comparison with acoustic angiography (2017)

Tumor growth requires formation of new angiogenic vessels, which differ in their morphology from those of healthy tissue. These vascular abnormalities result in altered blood flow dynamics, which can be assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US). Two distinct approaches are typically employed in DCE-US following an intravenous injection of ultrasound contrast agent: assessment of perfusion or dispersion parameters from the measured time intensity curves [1]. In this paper, we compare maps of dispersion and perfusion with those of acoustic angiography (AA), a 3D high-resolution technique capable of capturing the vascular morphology [2]. We aim at determining those properties of the vascular architecture that are reflected by perfusion and dispersion parameters, as well as their evolution over time as tumor grows. To this end, a longitudinal study has been performed with tumor models in 3 rats.
Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of pediatric adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas and a review of the literature (2004)

In view of these findings as well as those published in the majority of previous cytogenetic studies of craniopharyngiomas, the authors conclude that the recurrent acquisition of chromosomal imbalances does not play a major role in tumorigenesis and that chromosomal gains and losses are a relatively rare event in primary tumors of pediatric origin.
Efficient charge injection from a high work function metal in high mobility n-type polymer field-effect transistors (2010)

We demonstrate efficient electron injection from a high work function metal in staggered transistors based on the high mobility poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)}. Channel length scaling shows that the linear mobility for electrons remains higher than 0.1 cm2/V s when reducing the channel length to a few micrometers. Field-enhanced injection favors downscaling at a fixed lateral voltage and reduces the contact resistance to 11 kΩ cm at high gate voltages for channels of only a few micrometers. The contacts are asymmetric, with the source contribution dominating the overall resistance, consistent with an injection limited regime rather than bulk-limited as generally found in staggered transistors.
The Effects of Granularity and Adaptivity on Private/Shared Classification for Coherence (2014)

Classification of data into private and shared has proven to be a catalyst for techniques to reduce coherence cost, since private data can be taken out of coherence and resources can be concentrated on providing coherence for shared data. In this article, we examine how granularity—page-level versus cache-line level—and adaptivity—going from shared to private—affect the outcome of classification and its final impact on coherence. We create a classification technique, called Generational Classification, and a coherence protocol called Generational Coherence, which treats data as private or shared based on cache-line generations. We compare two coherence protocols based on self-invalidation/self-downgrade with respect to data classification. Our findings are enlightening: (i) Some programs benefit from finer granularity, some benefit further from adaptivity, but some do not benefit from either. (ii) Reducing the amount of shared data has no perceptible impact on coherence misses caused by self-invalidation of shared data, hence no impact on performance. (iii) In contrast, classifying more data as private has implications for protocols that employ write-through as a means of self-downgrade, resulting in network traffic reduction—up to 30p—by reducing write-through traffic.
Optimization of Outside Air Cooling in Data Centers (2011)

Airside economizers in data centers introducing outside air directly in cold aisles or at CRAC level have been considered recently to reduce overall energy to cool IT equipment. However, such designs limit the operational envelope of free cooling based on the required supply air temperature to the IT equipment. More studies are required to optimize airside economizer layouts to increase the operation time and hence, increase the energy savings. This paper presents a case study of different outside air delivery configurations including outside air introduced in cold aisles, in plenum close to CRAC units’ supply side, at return side of CRAC units and in hot aisles. The temperature and flow fields are studied numerically and are compared to each other. Mixing of the cooler outside air with the hot air is studied to determine optimal local distribution of the outside air in a non-homogeneous data center to maximize natural cooling. The paper also quantifies the annual average performance of the outside air infrastructure to include the effects of the seasonal variations in the ambient temperature.
From PtCl2‐ and Acid‐Catalyzed to Uncatalyzed Cycloisomerization of 2‐Propargyl Anilines: Access to Functionalized Indoles (2007)

In Bewegung: Die PtCl2-katalysierte elektrophile Aktivierung einer Alkineinheit löst eine Heterocyclisierung unter Wanderung einer Allyl- und einer Acetatgruppe aus, die zu einem Indol führt (siehe Schema). Variationen der Reaktionsbedingungen (vor allem der Temperatur) wie auch der Substituenten an der propargylischen Position und am Stickstoffatom machen eine Vielzahl an Indolsubstraten einfach zugänglich. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604026_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thymus reticulum cell cultures confer T cell properties on spleen cells from thymus‐deprived animals (1973)

Abstract The development of T lymphocyte immunocompetence appears to depend upon the function of the thymus gland. To study this function in greater detail, we developed a method for preparing monolayer cultures of thymus reticulum cells. We found that populations of lymphocytes from thymus‐deprived mice acquired the ability to produce T lymphocyte reactions when incubated with reticulum cells in vitro. These results provide evidence about the role of the thymus reticulum in inducing immunocompetence of T lymphocytes.
CCNx Cache Control (2016)

This document proposed a modification of the CCNx 1.0 cache control
directives to allow use of either absolute times or relative times by
the publisher. Intermediate caches do not require synchronized clocks
even if the publisher uses an absolute time. This document updates the
definition of the RecommendedCacheTime but leaves the ExpiryTime as
previously defined.
Surface Anchoring and Growth Pattern of the Field-Driven First-Order Transition in a Smectic-ALiquid Crystal (1994)

It is demonstrated that a surface energy anisotropy (anchoring) defines the growth pattern of the field-induced transition in a smectic-$A$ liquid crystal (Sm-$A$). The stable domain phase nucleates as rounded domains but expands as stripes. The change in growth pattern is accounted for a large anchoring strength ${W}_{a}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\ensuremath{-}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ which is connected with the layer breaking in the vicinity of the cell plates. The temperature dependence of ${W}_{a}$ for Sm-$A$ (substance CCN-47) is measured for the first time: ${W}_{a}\ensuremath{\sim}{({T}_{A\ensuremath{-}N}\ensuremath{-}T)}^{0.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09}$.
Clinical value of K-ras codon 12 analysis and endobiliary brush cytology for the diagnosis of malignant extrahepatic bile duct stenosis. (1999)

Extrahepatic biliary stenosis can be caused by benign and malignant disorders. In most cases, a tissue diagnosis is needed for optimal management of patients, but the sensitivity of biliary cytology for the diagnosis of a malignancy is relatively low. The additional diagnostic value of K-ras mutational analysis of endobiliary brush cytology was assessed. Endobiliary brush cytology specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography were prospectively collected from 312 consecutive patients with extrahepatic biliary stenosis. The results of conventional light microscopic cytology and K-ras codon 12 mutational analysis were compared and evaluated in view of the final diagnosis made by histological examination of the stenotic lesion and/or patient follow-up. The sensitivities of cytology and mutational analysis to detect malignancy were 36 and 42%, respectively. When both tests were combined, the sensitivity increased to 62%. The specificity of cytology was 98%, and the specificity of the mutational analysis and of both tests combined was 89%. Positive predictive values for cytology, mutational analysis, and both tests combined were 98, 92, and 94%, whereas the corresponding negative predictive values were 34, 34, and 44%, respectively. The sensitivity of K-ras mutational analysis was 63% for pancreatic carcinomas compared to 27% for bile duct, gallbladder, and ampullary carcinomas. K-ras mutational analysis can be considered supplementary to conventional light microscopy of endobiliary brush cytology to diagnose patients with malignant extrahepatic biliary stenosis, particularly in the case of pancreatic cancer. The presence of a K-ras codon 12 mutation in endobiliary brush cytology per se supports a clinical suspicion of malignancy, even when the conventional cytology is negative or equivocal.