gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic, magnetoresistive and low-frequency noise properties of tunnel magnetoresistance sensor devices with amorphous CoFeBTa soft magnetic layers (2020)

Abstract Magnetic field sensors using the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect require linear resistance–magnetic field ( R – H ) response curves with small hysteresis, for which the soft magnetic property of the free layer (FL) is critical. In this work, we investigated amorphous CoFeBTa (CFBT) as a soft magnetic layer of the FL of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB-based magnetic tunnel junctions in view of magnetic, TMR, and low-frequency noise properties. A two-step annealing process enabled an orthogonal magnetization configuration between the FL and the reference layer, by which linear R – H curves with small hysteresis were realized. The change in the shape of the R – H curve depending on annealing temperature is explained by the Stoner–Wohlfarth model. The highest TMR ratio of ∼160% and sensitivity of ∼70%/mT were obtained with a CFBT (20 nm)/Ta (0.3 nm)/CoFeB (3 nm) FL. The noise of the TMR devices are dominated by 1/ f noise below ∼10 kHz in frequency, which limits the detectivity ( D ) of the magnetic field of the sensor. The sensor devices patterned to 50 µ m diameter circular shapes showed a minimum D of ∼2 nT/ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>Hz</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> at 10 Hz, which is superior to the previously reported values for the TMR sensors with NiFe soft magnetic layers.
Dielectric Relaxations in Bi 2 O 3 –Nb 2 O 5 –NiO Cubic Pyrochlores (2009)

Dielectric properties of pyrochlores compositions from Bi 2 O 3 –Nb 2 O 5 –NiO system were analyzed. The dielectric properties are dominated with a low‐temperature relaxation that is typical for Bi‐pyrochlores. A vast pyrochlore homogeneity range that exists in this system allowed to correlate characteristics of the observed relaxations with a compositional variations within the A 2 O′‐ and B 2 O 6 pyrochlore sublattice. It was possible to make a distinction between different influences of the two sublattices, which can be satisfactorily described by the existing relaxation model for Bi 3/2 ZnNb 3/2 O 7 . A new relaxor‐like room temperature relaxation was found for Bi 1.6 Ni 0.57 Nb 1.43 O 6.55 .
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer-Induced Immunosuppression: IL-18–Elicited Immunoablative NK Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 87K, Kit+ CD11b- NK cells expand in lymphoid organs of mice bearing different types of tumors&lt;/p&gt;
SVG Vector Font Generation for Chinese Characters with Transformer (2022)

Designing fonts for Chinese characters is highly labor-intensive and time-consuming. While the latest methods successfully generate the English alphabet vector font, despite the high demand for automatic font generation, Chinese vector font generation has been an unsolved problem owing to its complex shape and numerous characters. This study addressed the problem of automatically generating Chinese vector fonts from only a single style and content reference. We proposed a novel network architecture with Transformer and loss functions to capture structural features without differentiable rendering. Although the dataset range was still limited to the sans-serif family, we successfully generated the Chinese vector font for the first time using the proposed method.
Heterogeneous Sympathetic Innervation Influences Local Myocardial Repolarization in Normally Perfused Rabbit Hearts (2000)

The magnitude and dispersion of local repolarization responses are related to the severity of denervation, as well as the type of stimulation: neural (SS) versus humoral (NE). The differences may relate to the concentration of NE released.
PCEP Extension for Flexible Grid Networks (2020)

This document provides the Path Computation Element Communication
Protocol (PCEP) extensions for the support of Routing and Spectrum
Assignment (RSA) in Flexible Grid networks.
Effect of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Functionalization on Liquid Crystal Order (2005)

ABSTRACT We have added magnetic nanoparticles with a different surface termination (functionalization) to smectic A 8CB liquid crystals and studied their effects on the order of the liquid crystal. This is done by looking at the liquid crystals both with polarized optical microscopy and by X-ray scattering. Adding the magnetic nanoparticles improves the liquid crystal's response to a magnetic field by at least one to two orders of magnitude. We have performed the experiments with four types of organic compounds covering the nanoparticles and have found that with 11 nm particles covered with polyethelene glycol (PEG) 3000 the liquid crystal exhibits the largest effect as a function of the applied magnetic field. Keywords: liquid crystal reorientationmagnetic fieldmagnetic nanoparticlessurface termination Acknowledgments This work was partially supported by the NSF-MRSEC grant number NSF DMR-0080008, and by the defense department through grant number DARPA-ONR N000140110912.
Analysis of Spectrally Shaped DFTS-OFDM for Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation (2012)

We investigate the benefit of implementing spectral shaping on DFTS-OFDM with respect to fiber nonlinearity tolerance. For both SSMF and LEAF, it is found that optimized spectrally shaped DFTS-OFDM outperforms DFTS-OFDM for dispersion managed and unmanaged links by ~10.8% and ~6.8%, respectively.
AMOUR-generalized multicarrier CDMA irrespective of multipath (2003)

The suppression of multiuser interference (MUI) and mitigation of multipath effects constitute major challenges in the design of third-generation wireless mobile systems. Most wideband and multicarrier uplink CDMA schemes suppress MUI statistically in the presence of unknown multipath and impose restrictive and difficult to check conditions on the FIR channel nulls. Relying on symbol blocking, we design a mutually-orthogonal usercode-receiver (AMOUR) system for quasi-synchronous blind CDMA that eliminates MUI deterministically and mitigates fading irrespective of the unknown multipath and the adopted signal constellation. AMOUR converts a multiuser CDMA system into parallel single-user systems irrespective of multipath and guarantees identifiability of users' symbols. Simulations reveal the generality, flexibility, and superior performance of AMOUR over competing alternatives.
Phorbol ester-induced dermal inflammation in mice: evaluation of inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and antagonists of leukotriene B4 receptor. (1994)

In the present investigation, the effects of selective inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), zileuton and TZI-41127, E-6080, AA-861 and antagonists of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptors, SC-41930, and SC-51146 and a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, were examined in TPA-induced acute mouse dermal inflammation. Topical application of all these agents, except indomethacin, resulted in marked attenuation of TPA-induced edema and influx of neutrophils reflected in myeloperoxidase measurements. Topically applied SC-41930 attenuated TPA-induced edema and neutrophil influx in a dose-related manner. Oral administration of LTB4 receptor antagonists either as a pre-treatment or post-treatment attenuated TPA-induced edema and influx of neutrophils. The O-demethyl analog of SC-41930, SC-37920, which was nearly 1000-fold less active than SC-41930 in LTB4 receptor binding assays, was inactive in inflammation assays, suggesting a role for LTB4 in this response. Zileuton and TZI-41127 were more effective as anti-inflammatory agents following oral administration than after i.p. administration. Intraperitoneally administered indomethacin attenuated edema response but not influx of neutrophils. Taken together, these results suggest a role for leukotrienes in acute inflammation induced by TPA and possible utility of this model to test in vivo 5-LO inhibitors and LTB4 receptor antagonists.
Adaptive State-of-Charge Estimation Based on a Split Battery Model for Electric Vehicle Applications (2017)

The conventional state-of-charge (SoC) estimation methods based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM) integrate all state variables into one augmented state vector. However, the correlations between RC voltages and SoC degrade the stability and accuracy of the estimates. To address this problem, this paper presents an adaptive SoC estimation method based on the split battery model, which divides the conventional augmented battery model into two submodels: the RC voltage submodel and the SoC submodel. Hence, the cross interference between RC voltages and SoC is reduced, which effectively reduces the oscillation in the estimation and improves the estimation accuracy. In addition, the adaptive algorithm is applied on the SoC submodel to improve the system robustness to noise disturbances. A case of a second-order ECM is analyzed and two types of Lithium-ion batteries are employed to verify the universality of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the undesired oscillation is eliminated during the convergence stage and the maximum SoC error is within 1% over a wide SoC range.
A Study of Barker Spreading Codes for High-Speed PSSS Wireless Systems (2021)

In this paper we investigate the use of bipolar Barker sequences for high-speed wireless communication systems based on Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum (PSSS) modulation. To improve bit error rate (BER) performance for PSSS, we propose the use of either median detection at the receiver or DC-offset correction at the transmitter. Both techniques cancel the influence of cyclic-autocorrelation sidelobes that occur in the correlator at the receiver. The simulation results reveal that PSSS based on Barker codes of length 13 outperforms PSSS with m-sequences by 2.5 dB, if one of the abovementioned techniques is applied. The novelty of the proposed DC-correction method lies in a simple hardware realization and very low complexity. All modifications are performed in the PSSS transmitter, which is significantly less complex than the PSSS receiver. Thus, this algorithm improves PSSS BER and keeps the balance between the transmitter and receiver complexity.
Voltage Sags Ride-Through of Motion Sensorless Controlled PMSG for Wind Turbines (2007)

This paper describes a variable-speed motion-sensorless permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) control system for wind energy generation. The proposed system contains a PMSG connected to the grid by a back-to-back PWM inverter with bidirectional power flow, a line filter, and a transformer. The control system employs PI current controllers with cross- coupling decoupling for both inverters, an active power controller, and a DC link voltage controller. The PMSG rotor speed without using emf integration, and the line voltage frequency are estimated by two PLL based observers. A D- module filter is used to robustly estimate the grid voltage positive- sequence for control in the case of asymmetric voltages. The paper investigates the ride-through performance of this system during asymmetric power grid voltage sags. Design details for various parts of the control system are presented, together with experimental results for single-, two-, and three-phase voltage source sags. Smooth transition through asymmetric voltage sags is demonstrated by all experiments.
Piezoelectric and opto-electrical properties of silver-doped ZnO nanorods synthesized by low temperature aqueous chemical method (2015)

In this paper, we have synthesized Zn1−xAgxO (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09) nanorods (NRs) via the hydrothermal method at low temperature on silicon substrate. The characterization and comparison between the different Zn1−xAgxO samples, indicated that an increasing Ag concentration from x = 0 to a maximum of x = 0.09; All samples show a preferred orientation of (002) direction with no observable change of morphology. As the quantity of the Ag dopant was changed, the transmittances, as well as the optical band gap were decreased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data clearly indicate the presence of Ag in ZnO crystal lattice. A nanoindentation-based technique was used to measure the effective piezo-response of different concentrations of Ag for both direct and converse effects. The value of the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) as well as the piezo potential generated from the ZnO NRs and Zn1−xAgxO NRs was found to decrease with the increase of Ag fraction. The finding in this investigation reveals that Ag doped ZnO is not suitable for piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Single‐Center Double‐Blinded Randomized Trial (2014)

clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00650507.
Effect of Apparent Fiber Strength and Fiber-Matrix Interface on Crack Bridging in Cement Composites (1999)

Peer Reviewed
Investigation of pulse dispersion in a carrier-based UWB system with LO leakage cancellation (2009)

Local oscillator (LO) leakage in a carrier-based ultrawideband (UWB) system is a major design concern. In many cases, mixer LO-RF isolation is not sufficient and the LO leakage is well above the useful UWB signal. However, this leakage can be substantially reduced by using a notch filter located before the UWB transmitting antenna as long as it will not lead to unacceptable signal distortion. Therefore, various filter parameters, such as the filter order and 3 dB rejection bandwidth, have been studied to see their effects on providing sufficient band rejection level to reduce the unwanted LO leakage while minimizing the transmitted pulse dispersion. Time domain simulations and measurements have been utilized to evaluate the pulse dispersion using both the relative signal's first pulse amplitude and the pulse time delay spread. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.
Coding Algorithms in JPEG2000 Standard (2005)

Entropy coding in JPEG2000 is not as straightforward as in the baseline JPEG standard. We decided to present a separate chapter completely on the coding algorithms for JPEG2000 standard because of its vast nature and better understanding of the audience. The encoding of the transformed coefficients in JPEG2000 has two stages – Tier 1 coding and Tier 2 coding. The Tier-1 coding essentially involves the entropy encoding technique which is combination of a fractional bit-plane coding (BPC) and binary arithmetic coding (BAC). The “embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT)” algorithm has been adopted for the fractional bit-plane coding in JPEG2000 standard. The binary arithmetic coding is implemented based on the principle of MQ-coder. In JPEG2000 standard, the Tier-2 coding engine is responsible for efficiently representing layer and block summary information for each code-block. In this chapter, we have discussed in great detail the principles and the algorithms for Tier-1 coding with some examples for better understanding by the readers. We have briefly described the importance of the Tier-2 algorithm as well.
The SLAC High-Density Gaseous Polarized 3He Target (1995)

A large-scale high-pressure gaseous 3He polarized target has been developed for use with a high-intensity polarized electron beam at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. This target was used successfully in an experiment to study the spin structure of the neutron. The target provided an areal density of about 7×1021 nuclei/cm2 and operated at 3He polarizations between about 30 % and 40 % for the six-week duration of the experiment.
Evaluation of quality factors in superconductor microresonators with proximity enhancement (2014)

The quality factor of microstrip line resonators made of 20/50/20 nm Nb/NbN/Nb trilayer films has been calculated as microwave transmission through the cascade of three single layers, and in agreement with experimental data. Each layer is evaluated with an explicit extended Zimmermann expression. The formula is generalized from the standard expression by including electron mean free path and the imaginary part of the gap energy of the material [1]. The quality factor of the microresonator consisting of a 50 nm thick single layer Nb film is also calculated by this compact expression and quantitatively agrees with the measured results as well. The quality factor of the microresonator made of trilayer films is shown to be larger than that of the microresonator with only a single Nb film.
Airclad fiber laser technology (2011)

High-power fiber lasers and amplifiers have gained tremendous momentum in the last 5 years. Many of the traditional manufacturers of gas and solid-state lasers are now pursuing the fiber-based systems, which are displacing the conventional technology in many areas. High-power fiber laser systems require reliable fibers with large cores, stable mode quality, and good power handling capabilities-requirements that are all met by the airclad fiber technology. In the present paper we go through many of the building blocks needed to build high-power systems and we show an example of a complete airclad laser system. We present the latest advancements within airclad fiber technology including a new 100 μm single-mode polarization-maintaining rod-type fiber capable of amplifying to megawatt power levels. Furthermore, we describe the novel airclad-based pump combiners and their use in a completely monolithic 350 W cw fiber laser system with an M2 of less than 1.1.
Mechanistic Understanding of an Altered Fidelity Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase Mutation, V148I, Identified in a Pig-tailed Macaque (2003)

We have recently reported that the reverse transcriptase (RT) of SIVMNE 170 (170), which is a representative viral clone of the late symptomatic phase of infection with the parental strain, SIVMNE CL8 (CL8), has a largely increased fidelity, compared with the CL8 RT. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanistic alterations of the high fidelity 170 RT variant. First, we found that among several 170 RT mutations, only one, V148I, is solely responsible for the fidelity increase over the CL8 RT. This V148I mutation lies near the Gln-151 residue that we recently found is important to the low fidelity of RT and the binding of incoming dNTPs. Second, we compared dNTP binding affinity (Kd) and catalysis (kpol) of the CL8 RT and the CL8-V148I RT using pre-steady state kinetic analysis. In this experiment, the high fidelity CL8-V148I RT has largely decreased binding to both correct and incorrect dNTP without altering kpol. The fidelity increase imparted by the V148I mutation is likely because of the major reduction seen in RT binding to dNTPs. This parallels our findings with the Q151N mutant. Third, site-directed mutagenesis targeting amino acid residue 148 has revealed that a valine amino acid at this position is essential to RT infidelity. Based on these findings, we discuss possible structural impacts of residue 148 (and mutations at this site) on the interaction of RT with incoming dNTPs and infer how alterations in these properties may relate to viral replication and fitness.
Parabacteroides distasonis uses dietary inulin to suppress NASH via its metabolite pentadecanoic acid (2023)

Abstract Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and is characterized by liver inflammation and fat accumulation. Dietary interventions, such as fibre, have been shown to alleviate this metabolic disorder in mice via the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating NASH via dietary fibre in mice. Soluble fibre inulin was found to be more effective than insoluble fibre cellulose to suppress NASH progression in mice, as shown by reduced hepatic steatosis, necro-inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis. We employed stable isotope probing to trace the incorporation of 13 C-inulin into gut bacterial genomes and metabolites during NASH progression. Shotgun metagenome sequencing revealed that the commensal Parabacteroides distasonis was enriched by 13 C-inulin. Integration of 13 C-inulin metagenomes and metabolomes suggested that P. distasonis used inulin to produce pentadecanoic acid, an odd-chain fatty acid, which was confirmed in vitro and in germ-free mice. P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid was protective against NASH in mice. Mechanistically, inulin, P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid restored gut barrier function in NASH models, which reduced serum lipopolysaccharide and liver pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Overall this shows that gut microbiota members can use dietary fibre to generate beneficial metabolites to suppress metabolic disease.
Targeting lonidamine to mitochondria mitigates lung tumorigenesis and brain metastasis (2019)

Lung cancer often has a poor prognosis, with brain metastases a major reason for mortality. We modified lonidamine (LND), an antiglycolytic drug with limited efficacy, to mitochondria-targeted mito-lonidamine (Mito-LND) which is 100-fold more potent. Mito-LND, a tumor-selective inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics in lung cancer cells and mitigates lung cancer cell viability, growth, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer xenografts in mice. Mito-LND blocks lung tumor development and brain metastasis by inhibiting mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species, oxidizing mitochondrial peroxiredoxin, inactivating AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, and inducing autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells. Mito-LND causes no toxicity in mice even when administered for eight weeks at 50 times the effective cancer inhibitory dose. Collectively, these findings show that mitochondrial targeting of LND is a promising therapeutic approach for investigating the role of autophagy in mitigating lung cancer development and brain metastasis.