gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient gene transfer from innervated muscle into rat peripheral and central nervous systems using a non‐viral haemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)‐liposome method (2003)

We evaluated the feasibility of gene delivery into the peripheral and central nervous systems via retrograde axonal transport following injection of a haemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome-DNA complex vector into an innervated muscle. Transfection efficiency was assessed by measuring luciferase activity, and was compared statistically with that achieved using a liposome-DNA control vector. High luciferase activity was observed in the injected muscle, the ipsilateral sciatic nerve, and the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia on day 1 after gene transfer. The spinal cord also showed luciferase activity, although this was lower than in the other tissues. However, no activity was observed in the contralateral sciatic nerve or the contralateral dorsal root ganglia. In addition, we performed gene transfer twice, with a 1-week interval, to evaluate the feasibility of repeated therapeutic gene delivery. Again, a high transfection efficiency was observed immediately, even after the second gene transfer, and transfection efficiency was significantly higher at each defined time-point using the HVJ-liposome complex vector than using a control vector. These results indicate that this method could be used for repeated therapeutic gene delivery into muscle, nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and possibly spinal cord, without the need for a surgical approach, making it well suited to clinical applications.
An ion mass spectrometer for measuring isotopic adundances and loss rates of O, C and H in Mars' upper atmosphere (1992)

The history of Mars' climate is clearly intimately linked to the evolution of its store of volatiles, particularly H2O, and CO2. The global CO2-H2O system is complex, with a number of production, loss, exchange, and buffering mechanisms operating between the atmosphere and the surface. For example, loss of these volatiles takes place through solar wind interaction with the upper atmosphere/ionosphere, ionospheric chemistry, and thermal escape. The atmospheric water inventory is, in turn, influenced by the exchange with polar water ice deposits and high latitude ground-ice. Atmospheric CO2, on the other hand, can be lost through adsorption in the regolith and in the formation of carbonates. Finally, oxygen is exchanged between atmospheric CO2 and H2O.
How much inorganic spectroscopy and photochemistry? (1980)

All modern courses in inorganic chemistry include some&#13;\ndiscussion of the electronic structures of molecules. Treatment of this important topic varies widely, however, from course to course and book to book. It is clearly essential for students to have a firm understanding of the ground state electronic structures of inorganic molecules, but there is nowhere near universal agreement on the exact list of topics to be covered nor on the time to be spent on said topics in the various inorganic courses. And the confusion only increases when the treatment of electronic excited states is thrown in for consideration. Surely a serious student of chemistry should know something about inorganic electronic spectroscopy and photochemistry.&#13;\nThe question is, "How much?"
A Wide-Dynamic-Range CMOS Image Sensor Based on Multiple Short Exposure-Time Readout With Multiple-Resolution Column-Parallel ADC (2007)

A wide-dynamic-range CMOS image sensor based on synthesis of one long and multiple short exposure-time signals is proposed. A high-speed, high-resolution column-parallel integration type analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a nonlinear slope is crucial for this purpose. A prototype wide-dynamic-range CMOS image sensor that captures one long and three short exposure-time signals has been developed using 0.25-mum 1-poly 4-metal CMOS image sensor technology. The dynamic range of the prototype sensor is expanded by a factor of 121.5, compared with the case of a single long exposure time. The maximum DNL of the ADC is 0.3 least significant bits (LSB) for the single-resolution mode and 0.7 LSB for the multiresolution mode
p-Anisolesulfonyl Chloride (2001)

[98-68-0] C7H7ClO3S (MW 206.65)





InChI = 1S/C7H7ClO3S/c1-11-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)12(8,9)10/h2-5H,1H3



InChIKey = DTJVECUKADWGMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N



(versatile sulfonating agent; useful for the preparation of sulfonamides or as an N-protecting group2)



Alternate Name: 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride.



Physical Data: mp 40–43 °C.



Solubility: sol acetone, acetonitrile, EtOH, MeOH, dioxane, H2O.



Form Supplied in: solid; widely available 98% pure.



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: corrosive and a lachrymator. Store at room temperature under anhydrous conditions. Use in a fume hood.
Correlation reduction precoding for joint decoding in overloaded MIMO-OFDM system on Rician channel (2014)

This paper presents a correlation reduction precoding scheme for joint decoding in an overloaded multiple input multiple output (MIMO)- orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In the overloaded MIMO system, the number of receive antenna elements is less than that of transmit antenna elements. Through joint maximum likelihood (ML) decoding a frequency diversity suppresses the BER degradation owing to the spatial multiplexing of signal streams. On a Rician channel, the correlation among the coded symbols deteriorates the performance of the joint ML decoding. Thus, this paper proposes the precoding scheme that reduces the correlation on the Rician channel. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme improves the BER by a factor of 1/10 on the Rician channel with the Rician factor of 10.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Carboxyphenylquinolines and Related Compounds as New Potent Retinoids. Retinobenzoic Acids. VII. (1994)

A series of new quinoline, quinolone, and quinazolinedione derivatives was synthesized and tested for retinoid activity in the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 differentiation assay. All the quinoline compounds exhibited significant activity, depending on the substituent on the heterocycle. However, the quinolone and quinazolinedione derivatives were poor inducers of the differentiation of the HL-60 cells, the activity depending strongly on the polarity of the molecule.
Supplementary Table S2 from Genomic Characterization of Brain Metastases Reveals Branched Evolution and Potential Therapeutic Targets (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Data describing results of deep targeted sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;
Stay-point Identification as Curve Extrema (2017)

In a nutshell, stay-points are locations that a person has stopped for some amount of time. Previous work depends mainly on stay-point identification methods using experimentally fine tuned threshold values. These behave well on their experimental datasets but may exhibit reduced performance on other datasets. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of a geometry-based method for stay-point extraction. This is accomplished by transforming the user's trajectory path to a two-dimensional discrete time series curve that in turn transforms the stay-points to the local minima of the first derivative of this curve. To demonstrate the soundness of the proposed method, we evaluated it on raw, noisy trajectory data acquired over the period of 28 different days using four different techniques. The results demonstrate, among others, that given a good trajectory tracking technique, we can identify correctly 86% to 98% of the stay-points.
Elimination of bond-pad damage through structural reinforcement of intermetal dielectrics (1998)

A new bond failure mechanism related to the new, mechanically weak, low-k dielectrics in intermetal dielectric stacks is presented. Mechanical reinforcement of the dielectric stack through the use of metal grids is demonstrated to be effective to prevent this damage. Possible failure mechanisms are discussed.
Role of Scale Wettability on Rain-Harvesting Behavior in a Desert-Dwelling Rattlesnake (2019)

During storms in the southwestern United States, several rattlesnake species have been observed drinking rain droplets collected on their dorsal scales. This process often includes coiling and flattening of the snake's body, presumably to enhance water collection. Here, we explored this rain-harvesting behavior of the Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus atrox</i>) from the perspective of surface science. Specifically, we compared surface wettability and texture, as well as droplet impact and evaporation dynamics on the rattlesnake epidermis with those of two unrelated (control) sympatric snake species (Desert Kingsnake, <i>Lampropeltis splendida</i>, and Sonoran Gopher Snake, <i>Pituophis catenifer</i>). These two control species are not known to show rain-harvesting behavior. Our results show that the dorsal scales of the rattlesnake aid in water collection by providing a highly sticky, hydrophobic surface, which pins the impacting water droplets. We show that this high pinning characteristic stems from surface nanotexture made of shallow, labyrinth-like channels.
Microcapsule Additives for Enhanced Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Numerical prediction of locally forced turbulent separated and reattaching flow (2000)

An unsteady numerical simulation was performed for locally forced separated and reattaching flow over a backward-facing step. The local forcing was given to the separated and reattaching flow by means of a sinusoidally oscillating jet from a separation line. A version of the k–ε–fμ model was employed, in which the near-wall behavior without reference to distance and the nonequilibrium effect in the recirculation region were incorporated. The Reynolds number based on the step height (H) was fixed at ReH = 33 000, and the forcing frequency was varied in the range 0 ≤ StH ≤ 2. The predicted results were compared and validated with the experimental data of Chun and Sung (1996, 1998). It was shown that the unsteady locally forced separated and reattaching flows are predicted reasonably well with the k–ε–fμ model. To characterize the large-scale vortex evolution due to the local forcing, numerical flow visualizations were carried out.
Processing ultrasound backscatter to monitor high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy (2005)

The development of new noninvasive surgical methods such as HIFU for the treatment of cancer and internal bleeding requires simultaneous development of new sensing approaches to guide, monitor, and assess the therapy. Ultrasound imaging using echo amplitude has long been used to map tissue morphology for diagnostic interpretation by the clinician. New quantitative ultrasonic methods that rely on amplitude and phase processing for tissue characterization are being developed for monitoring of ablative therapy. We have been developing the use of full wave ultrasound backscattering for real-time temperature estimation, and to image changes in tissue backscatter spectrum as therapy progresses. Both approaches rely on differential processing of the backscatter signal in time, and precise measurement of phase differences. Noise and artifacts from motion and nonstationary speckle statistics are addressed by constraining inversions for tissue parameters with physical models. We present results of HIFU experiments with static point and scanned HIFU exposures in which temperature rise can be accurately mapped using a new heat transfer equation (HTE) model-constrained inverse approach. We also present results of a recently developed spectral imaging method that elucidates microbubble-mediated nonlinearity not visible as a change in backscatter amplitude. [Work supported by Army MRMC.]
Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting via Direction-Constrained Optimization (2020)

This paper studies a new design of the optimization algorithm for training deep learning models with a fixed architecture of the classification network in a continual learning framework. The training data is non-stationary and the non-stationarity is imposed by a sequence of distinct tasks. We first analyze a deep model trained on only one learning task in isolation and identify a region in network parameter space, where the model performance is close to the recovered optimum. We provide empirical evidence that this region resembles a cone that expands along the convergence direction. We study the principal directions of the trajectory of the optimizer after convergence and show that traveling along a few top principal directions can quickly bring the parameters outside the cone but this is not the case for the remaining directions. We argue that catastrophic forgetting in a continual learning setting can be alleviated when the parameters are constrained to stay within the intersection of the plausible cones of individual tasks that were so far encountered during training. Based on this observation we present our direction-constrained optimization (DCO) method, where for each task we introduce a linear autoencoder to approximate its corresponding top forbidden principal directions. They are then incorporated into the loss function in the form of a regularization term for the purpose of learning the coming tasks without forgetting. Furthermore, in order to control the memory growth as the number of tasks increases, we propose a memory-efficient version of our algorithm called compressed DCO (DCO-COMP) that allocates a memory of fixed size for storing all autoencoders. We empirically demonstrate that our algorithm performs favorably compared to other state-of-art regularization-based continual learning methods.
Suppression of Boron Penetration in PMOS by Using Oxide Gettering Effect in Poly-Si Gate (1995)

A new stacked poly-Si gate structure with a thin ( ∼20 Å) oxide inserted in-between for p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor feild effect transistor (pMOSFET) application is proposed and demonstrated. Due to the gettering fluorine effect of this thin oxide for BF 2 + -implanted poly-Si gate, the amount of fluorine in the gate oxide, consequently, the boron penetration enhanced by fluorine are reduced. The thicker or the more apart from the gate oxide of this gettering fluorine oxide is, the more effectively it can suppress the boron penetration. Moreover, this new structure improves more the electrical characteristics than the conventional and the stacked layer poly silicon gate structures.
Adoptive T-cell therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (2021)

Although CAR T-cell therapy is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, the development of adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has not accelerated at a similar pace. Adoptive T-cell therapy with Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD30 CAR T cells have demonstrated significant clinical responses in early clinical trials of patients with cHL. Additionally, CD19 and CD123 CAR T cells that target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in cHL have also been investigated. Here we discuss the landscape of clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy for patients with cHL with a view toward current challenges and novel strategies to improve the development of CAR T-cell therapy for cHL.
Micromagnetic Calculation of Magnetization in MR Sensor with Sense Current Distribution (1994)

A three-dimensional micromagnetic simulation employing the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is performed for an unshielded magnetoresistive (MR) sensor with a soft adjacent layer (SAL). The influence of a non-uniform sense current distribution on the MR response to a cycle of a transverse external field is studied. The field distribution due to the non-uniform sense current distribution is calculated in three dimensions from the Maxwell equation and adopted to the MR sensor simulation. The MR response of the sensor with electrodes on the MR film (type 1) is compared to that with electrodes on the SAL (type2). The maximum output of the type1 sensor is larger than that of the type 2 sensor. The magnetization in the MR film and SAL of the type 2 sensor tilts more from the longitudinal direction than that of the type 1 sensor without the transverse external field (biasing state). This results from the difference in field distributions between the SALs of the two sensors due to the non-uniform sense current distribution.
Absolute Collisional Excitation Cross Section Measurements Using Crossed Molecular Beams. (1983)

Abstract : The measurement of absolute excitation cross-sections of the asymmetric stretch mode (001) of H20 and C02 for collisions with atomic oxygen is important in understanding the signatures of high-altitude rocket plumes. Experiments are performed in a crossed molecular beam apparatus in which a CVF detector measures the collisionally-induced infrared fluorescent signal. Calibration and testing of the atomic oxygen source was completed. It was installed into the crossed beam apparatus and vacuum tested in preparation for performing the excitation cross-section measurements. Upper limits have been established for the excitation cross sections for the systems 0 + C02 and Ar + C02. The values determined are 0.03A squared for 0 + C02 at 3.85 km/sec and 0.003 A squared for Ar + C02 at 2.27 km/sec. Monte Carlo trajectory analysis of the data provides accurate correction factors to the raw data that account for kinematic and experimental constraints inherent in these measurements. It further shows that measurements near threshold cannot be used to determine the functional energy dependence of the cross section. Further modifications and improvements in the experimental approaches to improve sensitivity will be discussed. (Author)
Parallelizing sequential programs by algorithm-level transformations (2002)

We address a significant problem in parallel processing research, namely, how to port existing sequential programs to run efficiently on parallel machines (the "dusty deck" problem). Conventional domain-independent techniques are inadequate for solving this problem because they miss significant opportunities of parallelism. We present experimental evidence to support our claim, analyze why current techniques are inadequate, and propose a knowledge-based reverse engineering approach for attacking this problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Therapists’ professional and personal characteristics as predictors of outcome in long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis (2013)

Results challenge the benefit of a classically "neutral" psychoanalyst in PA. They also indicate closer examinations of therapy processes within and between the two treatments, which may benefit training and supervision of therapists.
A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Taxol. A Synthesis of Optically Active 3,7-dibenzyloxy-4,8-di-t-butyl-dimethylsiloxy-5,5-dimethyl-6-p-methoxybenzyloxy-2-octanone by Way of Stereoselective Aldol Reactions (1995)

Abstract Optically active 3,7-dibenzyloxy-4,8-di-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-5,5-dimethyl-6-p-methoxybenzyloxy-2-octanone (2) has been synthesized by way of diastereoselective aldol reaction between 4-benzyloxy-5-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-p-methoxy-benzyloxypentanal (3) and ketene silyl acetal 4 using MgBr2·OEt2 as a catalyst. The chiral pentanal 3 was synthesized either by asymmetric aldol reaction of both prochiral aldehyde 5 and ketene silyl acetal 4 using a chiral Lewis acid or by diastereoselective aldol reaction between the chiral aldehyde 6 derived from l-serine and the lithium enolate derived from methyl isobutyrate.
ABC and SLC Transporter Expression and Pot Substrate Characterization across the Human CMEC/D3 Blood−Brain Barrier Cell Line (2010)

Initial studies indicate that the newly developed hCMEC/D3 cell line may prove to be a useful model for studying the physiology of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium. The purpose of this study was to assess the mRNA expression of several ABC and SLC transporters, with an emphasis on the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter superfamily (POT) transporters in this immortalized BBB cell model. The transport kinetics of POT-substrates was also evaluated. The hCMEC/D3 cell line was maintained in a modified EGM-2 medium in collagenated culture flasks and passaged every 3-4 days at approximately 85%-95% confluence. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of a variety of ABC and SLC transporters was evaluated using qRT-PCR arrays, while additional qRT-PCR primers were designed to assess the expression of POT members. The transport kinetics of mannitol and urea were utilized to quantitatively estimate the intercellular pore radius, while POT substrate transport was also determined to assess the suitability of the cell model from a drug screening perspective. Optimization of the cell line was attempted by culturing with on laminin and fibronectin enhanced collagen and in the presence of excess Ca(2+). hCMEC/D3 cells express both hPHT1 and hPHT2, while little to no expression of either hPepT1 or hPepT2 was observed. The relative expression of other ABC and SLC transporters is discussed. While POT substrate transport does suggest suitability for BBB drug permeation screening, the relative intercellular pore radius was estimated at 19 A, significantly larger than that approximated in vivo. Culturing with extracellular matrix proteins did not alter mannitol permeability. These studies characterized this relevant human hCMEC/D3 BBB cell line with respect to both the relative mRNA expression of various ABC and SLC transporters and its potential utility as an in vitro screening tool for brain permeation. Additional studies are required to adequately determine the potential to establish an in vivo correlation.
A phase 1 clinical trial of the selective BTK inhibitor ONO/GS-4059 in relapsed and refractory mature B-cell malignancies (2015)

We report the results of a multicenter phase 1 dose-escalation study of the selective Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ONO/GS-4059 in 90 patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. There were 9 dose-escalation cohorts ranging from 20 mg to 600 mg once daily with twice-daily regimens of 240 mg and 300 mg. Twenty-four of 25 evaluable chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients (96%) responded to ONO/GS-4059, with a median treatment duration of 80 weeks; 21 CLL patients remain on treatment. Lymph node responses were rapid and associated with a concurrent lymphocytosis. Eleven of 12 evaluable patients with mantle cell lymphoma (92%) responded (median treatment duration, 40 weeks). Eleven of 31 non-germinal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients (35%) responded but median treatment duration was 12 weeks due to development of progressive disease. ONO/GS-4059 was very well tolerated with 75% of adverse events (AEs) being Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 grade 1 or grade 2. Grade 3/4 AEs were mainly hematologic and recovered spontaneously during therapy. One CLL patient experienced a grade 3 treatment-related bleeding event (spontaneous muscle hematoma) but no clinically significant diarrhea, cardiac dysrhythmias, or arthralgia were observed. No maximal tolerated dose (MTD) was reached in the CLL cohort. In the non-Hodgkin lymphoma cohort, 4 patients developed a dose-limiting toxicity, yielding an MTD of 480 mg once daily. ONO/GS-4059 has significant activity in relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies without major drug-related toxicity. The selectivity of ONO/GS-4059 should confer advantages in combination therapies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01659255.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiopure η4‐(1‐Sulfinyldiene)Iron(0) Tricarbonyl Complexes as Templates for Carbocycle Construction via Ring‐Closing Metathesis. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.