gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the trade-off between multiuser diversity gain and delay - an analytical approach (2005)

Innovative scheduling algorithms for packet-switched air-interfaces have been shown to support higher data rates by exploiting the multiuser diversity inherent to cellular wireless systems. While such opportunistic schedulers significantly improve the system throughput, they could degrade the user experience through unfair resource allocation and increased variability in the scheduled rate and delay. The growing demand for service differentiation between real-time multimedia traffic and data traffic underscores the need for these schedulers to incorporate delay constraints. The analytical results in this paper not only highlight the inherent trade-off between system throughput and the delay experienced by mobile users with opportunistic scheduling, but they also provide a novel way of quantifying the quality of service (QoS) offered by a general opportunistic scheduler. Our analysis is strongly supported by system simulations of a time-slotted cellular downlink shared by multiple mobile users with independent, time-varying channels. In addition, we use a continuous approximation to compute closed form expressions for the scheduler statistics.
DNA topology affects transcriptional regulation of the pertussis toxin gene of Bordetella pertussis in Escherichia coli and in vitro (1993)

The bvg locus of Bordetella pertussis encodes an environmentally inducible operon essential for the expression of virulence genes. We show that in Escherichia coli, the PTOX promoter cloned in cis of the bvg locus is activated and environmentally regulated. Cotransformation of E. coli with the bvg locus cloned in a low-copy-number plasmid and with the PTOX promoter cloned in a high-copy-number plasmid can give rise to two different results. If the PTOX promoter is cloned in the pGem-3 vector, transcription is absent. If the PTOX promoter is cloned in the plasmid pKK232, containing the PTOX promoter between two ribosomal gene terminators of transcription, transcription occurs, although regulation of transcription is abolished. Under these conditions, the intracellular amount of RNA transcripts is increased by adding to the culture medium novobiocin, an inhibitor of bacterial gyrases. In vitro, the transcription of the PTOX promoter is activated on E. coli RNA polymerase supplemented with cell extracts from wild-type B. pertussis. Addition of DNA gyrase to the mixture dramatically reduces the amount of RNA synthesized. Our data show that the products of the bvg locus, BvgA and BvgS, are directly involved in the regulation of the PTOX promoter in E. coli and that DNA topology may play a role in the induction of transcription.
Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health (2021)

Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition during infancy and is associated with a broad range of health benefits. However, there remains a significant and persistent need for innovations in infant formula that will allow infants to access a wider spectrum of benefits available to breastfed infants. The addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to infant formulas represents the most significant innovation in infant nutrition in recent years. Although not a direct source of calories in milk, HMOs serve as potent prebiotics, versatile anti-infective agents, and key support for neurocognitive development. Continuing improvements in food science will facilitate production of a wide range of HMO structures in the years to come. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between HMO structure and functional benefits. We propose that infant formula fortification strategies should aim to recapitulate a broad range of benefits to support digestive health, immunity, and cognitive development associated with HMOs in breastmilk. We conclude that acetylated, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs likely confer important health benefits through multiple complementary mechanisms of action.
Helical, Chiral Polyisocyanides Bearing Ferrocenyl Groups as Pendants: Synthesis and Properties (2003)

Aufwickeln von Helices: Die Titelverbindungen entstehen bei der lebenden, durch einen zweikernigen Pt-Pd-Komplex ausgelösten Polymerisation optisch aktiver Ferrocenylisocyanide. In elektrolytischen CD- und UV-Spektren zeigen die Polymere eine reversible Konformationsänderung als Antwort auf die Oxidation und Reduktion der Ferrocenylsubstituenten (siehe Schema).
In vivo identification of a negative regulatory element in the mouse renin gene using direct gene transfer. (1995)

DBA/2J mouse contains two renin gene loci (Ren1d and Ren2d). Ren2d but not Ren1d is expressed in submandibular gland (SMG) while both are expressed in the kidney. Based on vitro studies, we have postulated that a negative regulatory element (NRE) in the renin gene promoter is involved in its tissue-specific expression. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism at the in vivo level using direct gene transfer. Fragments of the Ren1d or Ren2d promoter were fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene expression vector. These constructs complexed in fusogenic liposomes were injected directly into the mouse SMG or intraarterially into the mouse kidney via the renal artery. The vector containing the CAT exhibited readily detectable in vivo expressions in both SMG and kidney. In the SMG, Ren1d fragment containing the NRE abolished CAT expression while deletion of the NRE restored CAT expression. The homologous fragment from the Ren2d promoter did not inhibit CAT expression while deletion of the 150-bp insertion resulted in the inhibition. Cotransfection of Ren1d construct with Ren1d-NRE oligonucleotides as transcriptional factor decoy restored CAT expression. Contrary to the SMG, transfection with Ren1d fragment-CAT construct or Ren2d fragment-CAT construct into the kidney resulted in similar levels of CAT expression. Interestingly, human c-myc NRE oligonucleotides which share homology with Ren1d-NRE competed effectively with these oligonucleotides for the regulation of Ren1d gene expression in vivo. This NRE sequence is also homologous to silencer elements found in multiple mammalian genes, suggesting the presence of a family of NRE/NRE binding proteins regulating expression of diverse genes.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling and microRNAs: New Roles in Various Cancers (2022)

A wide range of microRNAs (miRNAs) are coded for in the human genome and contribute to the regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs are able to degrade mRNAs and/or prevent the RNA transcript from being translated through complementary binding of the miRNA seed region (nucleotide 2-8) to the 3'-untranslated regions of many mRNAs. Although miRNAs are involved in almost all processes of normal human cells, they are also involved in the abnormal functions of cancer cells. MiRNAs can play dual regulatory roles in cancer, acting either as tumor suppressors or as tumor promoters, depending on the target, tumor type, and stage. In the current review, we discuss the present status of miRNA modulation in the setting of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling. LPA is produced from lysophosphatidylcholine by the enzyme autotaxin and signals <i>via</i> a range of G protein-coupled receptors to affect cellular processes, which ultimately causes changes in cell morphology, survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion. Several studies have identified miRNAs that are over-expressed in response to stimulation by LPA, but their functional roles have not yet been fully clarified. Since RNA-based treatments hold tremendous promise in the area of personalized medicne, many efforts have been made to bring miRNAs into clinical trials, and this field is evolving at an increasing pace.
Serial Defibrillation Threshold Measures in Man: A Prospective Controlled Study (1995)

We prospectively enrolled 61 patients undergoing epicardial or nonthoracotomy/transvenous ICD therapy into a series of follow-up studies where the DFT was measured at implant and at 1, 6, 12, and 52 weeks following implantation in a uniform manner. Stored energy DFT was measured and recorded for all patients. Patient exclusion criteria were: (1) inability to complete all five measures of the DFT; (2) institution of Class I or Class III antiarrhythmic drugs at any time during the study; (3) lead system changes (relocation or new leads) or programming changes in pulse width or current pathway; or (4) development of a significant change in their clinical status, such as decompensated congestive heart failure or acute ischemia. Only 20 of the 61 patients satisfied the criteria required to complete the study. Two of the excluded patients developed high DFTs, which required reprogramming of the current pathway. Eight patients had an epicardial lead system, and 12 had a nonthoracotomy lead system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Protein tyrosine nitration in chronic intramuscular parasitism: immunohistochemical evaluation of relationships between nitration, and fiber type-specific responses to infection (2011)

The present study was conducted to determine whether preferential muscle catabolism [psoas major (PM) &gt; rectus femoris (RF)] observed during the chronic intramuscular stage of Sarcocystis cruzi infection could be associated with the pathological consequences of increased protein tyrosine nitration in fibers characteristically more metabolically active due to higher mitochondrial density. Holstein calves were assigned to control (C), or S. cruzi-infected (I) groups, n=5/group. Calves were euthanized on day 63 of infection. Samples of RF and PM were prepared for metabolic fiber typing (MFT: slow oxidative, SO – Type I; fast oxidative glycolytic, FOG - Type IIa; fast glycolytic, FG – Type IIb), fiber area, and immunohistochemical localization of fast myosin heavy chain 2a and 2b, nitrotyrosine (NT), and mitochondrial Complex V ATP-synthase. MFT analysis documented that PM contained twice the number of SO fibers compared to RF (32 v 16%, P&lt;0.002). SO and FOG fibers (Both higher in mitochondrial density than FG fibers) in both PM and RF were significantly smaller in area in I calves with mean FG areas not different between C and I. Muscle NT content (Western blot of myofibrillar protein fraction) increased with infection; NT was immunohistochemically localized into three distinct patterns in fibers: i) sparse fiber staining, ii) dense punctuate intrafiber staining, and iii) pericystic staining. By image analysis, the greatest punctuate intrafiber pixel density of NT was associated with SO fibers from I calves with the NT colocalizing with mitochondrial Complex V – F1F0 ATP synthase. More fibers were positive for the colocalization in PM than RF (P&lt;0.04). The data are consistent with the concept that fibers rich in mitochondria possessing more inherent oxidative energy capacity generate more nitrated proteins than glycolytic fibers and as such are more affected by the proinflammatory response to infections like Sarcocystosis.
Automatic Kinematic Chain Building from Feature Trajectories of Articulated Objects (2006)

We investigate the problem of learning the structure of an articulated object, i.e. its kinematic chain, from feature trajectories under affine projections. We demonstrate this possibility by proposing an algorithm which first segments the trajectories by local sampling and spectral clustering, then builds the kinematic chain as a minimum spanning tree of a graph constructed from the segmented motion subspaces. We test our method in challenging data sets and demonstrate the ability to automatically build the kinematic chain of an articulated object from feature trajectories. The algorithm also works when there are multiple articulated objects in the scene. Furthermore, we take into account non-rigid articulated parts that exist in human motions. We believe this advance will have impact on articulated object tracking and dynamical structure from motion.
Immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic control of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (2020)

Hormone receptor (HR)<sup>+</sup> breast cancer (BC) causes most BC-related deaths, calling for improved therapeutic approaches. Despite expectations, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) are poorly active in patients with HR<sup>+</sup> BC, in part reflecting the lack of preclinical models that recapitulate disease progression in immunocompetent hosts. We demonstrate that mammary tumors driven by medroxyprogesterone acetate (M) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (D) recapitulate several key features of human luminal B HR<sup>+</sup>HER2<sup>-</sup> BC, including limited immune infiltration and poor sensitivity to ICBs. M/D-driven oncogenesis is accelerated by immune defects, demonstrating that M/D-driven tumors are under immunosurveillance. Safe nutritional measures including nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation efficiently delay M/D-driven oncogenesis by reactivating immunosurveillance. NAM also mediates immunotherapeutic effects against established M/D-driven and transplantable BC, largely reflecting increased type I interferon secretion by malignant cells and direct stimulation of immune effector cells. Our findings identify NAM as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of HR<sup>+</sup> BC.
5GRAIL paves the way to the Future Railway Mobile Communication System Introduction (2022)

Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) will be the 5G worldwide standard for railway operational communications, designed by the International Union of Railways (UIC), in close cooperation with the railways stakeholders. The EU-funded Horizon 2020 5G for Connected and Automated Mobility (CAM) project 5GRAIL, as part of the FRMCS readiness initiatives, aims to: i) develop the Telecom On-board Prototype (TOBA box), ii) validate the first set of specifications by developing and testing On-board and application prototypes, in lab and field environments and iii) provide feedback and lessons-learned to standardization organizations for consideration in updates of the specifications. In this context, this paper aims to shed some lights on the project and discuss its preliminary results.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidity in Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2003)

Schizophrenia patients with OCD differ from their non-OCD-schizophrenia counterparts in severity of schizophrenia symptoms, co-occurrence of OCD-spectrum disorders, and pharmacotherapy. These findings and the identification of 2 subgroups of schizo-obsessive patients support the validity of this unique clinical entity and may facilitate the establishment of diagnostic criteria for a schizo-obsessive subtype of schizophrenia.
Measuring 3-Axis Force in a Finger Pad by 3-Axis Forces in Finger Sides (2018)

In this paper, we propose a method to measure 3-axis force on a finger pad by 3-axis forces on finger sides. A sense of touch is important for human to touch, grasp and throw things. A method to measure the force of the finger pad without interfering tactile sensation is required. We measured the deformation of finger sides caused by the force on the finger pad. We developed a fixture to the finger sides that contains MEMS 3-axis force sensors and measured the forces on the finger sides. The error rate, which is defined as the root mean square error divided by the range of force added, was less than or equal to 6.4% (in x axis), 14.0% (in y axis) and 11.3% (in z axis).
Threshold and Dynamic Characteristics of Photonic Crystal Nanolasers (2009)

We analyze the threshold and dynamic characteristics of photonic crystal nanolasers under pulsed excitation. Such nanolasers display high spontaneous emission coupling factors higher than β=0.2. Our nanolasers operate either at 900 nm (and low temperature) or at 1.55 µm (and room temperature). The gain material is an array of self-assembled quantum dots (InAs/GaAs at 900 nm or InAsP/InP at 1. 55 µm. High bandwidth direct modulation of 10 GHz and pattern independent chirp is demonstrated. We revisit the definition of a laser threshold and demonstrate that the two standard definitions (quantum definition and intensity fluctuations based definition) do not always coincide.
Model reduction for optimization of structural-acoustic coupling problems (2016)

Fully coupled structural-acoustic models of complex systems, such as those used in the hearing aid field, may have several hundreds of thousands of nodes. When there is a strong structure-acoustic interaction, performing optimization on one part requires the complete model to be taken into account, which becomes highly time consuming since many iterations may be required. The use of model reduction techniques to speed up the computations is studied in this work. The Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) method and the Multi-Model Reduction (MMR) method are adapted for problems with structure-acoustic coupling, for which two different approaches to constructing a modal reduction base are discussed. The efficiency and accuracy of the CMS and the MMR methods are strongly model-dependent; in this paper, they are compared for two optimization problems in the hearing aid context, where the MMR technique is found to be the most efficient, speeding up the optimizations up to 6 times compared to the full model.
Thin‐layer composite enzyme electrodes for glucose determinations (1995)

Abstract We have prepared amperometric glucose sensitive electrodes with a composite active layer consisting of Nafion, glucose oxidase, and carbon‐supported platinum particles. A particularly advantageous configuration results from the use of such a film on a gas diffusion electrode. We demonstrate that the gas diffusion electrode configuration enables us to supply oxygen from the back of the electrode, thus providing the capability of operating the sensor independent of dissolved oxygen. The insensitivity to solution oxygen concentration has been demonstrated by monitoring the glucose response of the electrode after extensive deoxygenation of solution. Cast composite layers yield mechanically robust coatings with high enzyme loadings, and thus high sensitivity to glucose. The electrode responds rapidly and is stable over a long period (90% activity after more than half a year) when stored in solution. We have optimized the composition of the sensitive layer with respect to Nafion to C/Pt ratio and enzyme loading.
Cloning and functional characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana d‐amino acid aminotransferase – d‐aspartate behavior during germination (2008)

The understanding of D-amino acid metabolism in higher plants lags far behind that in mammals, for which the biological functions of these unique amino acids have already been elucidated. In this article, we report on the biochemical behavior of D-amino acids (particularly D-Asp) and relevant metabolic enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana. During germination and growth of the plant, a transient increase in D-Asp levels was observed, suggesting that D-Asp is synthesized in the plant. Administration of D-Asp suppressed growth, although the inhibitory mechanism responsible for this remains to be clarified. Exogenous D-Asp was efficiently incorporated and metabolized, and was converted to other D-amino acids (D-Glu and D-Ala). We then studied the related metabolic enzymes, and consequently cloned and characterized A. thaliana D-amino acid aminotransferase, which is presumably involved in the metabolism of D-Asp in the plant by catalyzing transamination between D-amino acids. This is the first report of cDNA cloning and functional characterization of a D-amino acid aminotransferase in eukaryotes. The results presented here provide important information for understanding the significance of D-amino acids in the metabolism of higher plants.
Applications of ripple correlation control of electric machinery (2003)

Ripple correlation control can be applied to electric drive systems in order to optimize some cost function independent of parameters. This involves correlating the perturbations in the cost function with the perturbations in the independent variable to obtain a command for the independent variable. The perturbations are normally due to ripple that is naturally present in electric drive systems. In the steady state, the fast-average value of the independent variable converges asymptotically to a point no more than the magnitude or the ripple away from the optimum set point. In certain applications, cost function observers must be created to obtain the correct correlation information. In this paper, ripple correlation control is developed and demonstrated for DC, induction, and brushless DC drives.
Demonstration of post-growth wavelength setting of VCSELs using high-contrast gratings (2016)

We demonstrate, for the first time, post-growth wavelength setting of electrically-injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) by using high-contrast gratings (HCGs) with different grating parameters. By fabricating HCGs with different duty cycle and period, the HCG reflection phase can be varied, in effect giving different optical cavity lengths for HCG-VCSELs with different grating parameters. This enables fabrication of monolithic multi-wavelength HCG-VCSEL arrays for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The GaAs HCG is suspended in air by removing a sacrificial layer of InGaP. Electrically-injected 980-nm HCG-VCSELs with sub-mA threshold currents indicate high reflectivity from the GaAs HCGs. Lasing over a wavelength span of 15 nm was achieved, enabling a 4-channel WDM array with 5 nm channel spacing. A large wavelength setting span was enabled by an air-coupled cavity design and the use of only the HCG as top mirror.
Influence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy on spin-transfer switching current in CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (2009)

We investigated the spin-torque diode effect in submicron-scale Co60Fe20B20∕MgO∕(CoxFe1−x)80B20 (0⩽x⩽0.9) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) under perpendicular magnetic fields Hext up to 10kOe. A single peak was clearly observed in every spin-torque diode spectrum and the dependence of resonant frequency fres on Hext was well explained by using Kittel’s formula. It was found that effective demagnetizing fields in the perpendicular-to-plane direction of the Fe-rich CoFeB free layers obtained from the spectra were considerably smaller than those expected from the magnetizations of the free layers. This suggested that the Fe-rich CoFeB free layers exhibited a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which agreed well with the reduced switching current density in the MTJs.