gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5617: Enhancement of antitumor radiation efficacy and the abscopal effect by ECI301 mediated TLR4 dependent innate immunity in mice (2010)

Abstract [Background] We have previously demonstrated that ECI301, a variant form of human MIP-1α, induced marked inhibition of tumor growth at the irradiated site, with complete tumor eradication and consistent induction of prevention of tumor growth at a non-irradiated site, designated as an abscopal effect (Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(4):1159-66). This abscopal effect was tumor type independent. In current study, we further studied the action of ECI301 using C3H/HeN, C3H/HeJ and athymic mice implanted with tumor cells. Using RT-PCR analysis, we had found that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) RNA level, an important mediator of local and systemic inflammation was up-regulated by ECI301 in tumor tissue. So we also carried out anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment in tumor-bearing mice with ECI301 and radiation. [Methods] FM3A cells were subcutaneously implanted in the both flanks of C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice. When tumor size reached approximately 10 mm in diameter, local irradiation (6 Gy) was delivered from just above the right tumor and ECI301 was administrated as a single dose intravenously once a day for 5 consecutive days, beginning at day 1 after irradiation. Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous colon26 tumor cells were treated with local irradiation and ECI301 was administrated as the same manner. [Results] ECI301 inhibited the tumor growth not only in the right flank but also in the left flank (non-irradiation site) in C3H/HeN mice implanted with FM3A cells. In C3H/HeJ mice, however, ECI301 did not enhance the effect of irradiation on the tumor in both flanks. In C3H/HeN study, HMGB1 RNA level was up-regulated in both sides of tumor. Moreover, anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment eliminated the anti-tumor effect of ECI301 in both sides. Furthermore, ECI301 did not inhibit the tumor growth in athymic mice implanted with colon26 cells. These results suggest that the ECI301-induced abscopal effect may be exerted via TLR4 and depend on the activation of T cells, and indicates that the effect of ECI301 may be promoted via inflammation in irradiated tumor tissue with HMGB1-dependent mechanism. [Conclusion] Ionizing radiation induces inflammation and immune response in irradiated tumor tissue. This immunological mechanism is greatly enhanced by ECI301, resulting in the abscopal effect that is essentially intriguing for clinical setting. Our data will encourage future therapeutic application of ECI301 in the treatment of advanced or metastatic cancer with radiation therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5617.
Preempt a Job or Not in EDF Scheduling of Uniprocessor Systems (2012)

The earliest-deadline-first (EDF) policy has been widely studied for the scheduling of real-time jobs for its effectiveness and simplicity. However, since each preemption incurs an additional delay to the execution of jobs, the effectiveness of EDF is affected greatly by the underlying preemption policy that determines if and when a higher-priority job is allowed to preempt a currently executing lower-priority job. To address this problem, we propose a new and better (in meeting job deadlines) preemption policy of EDF, given a non-zero preemption delay. Specifically, we propose a controlled preemption (CP) policy that controls the condition of preempting jobs, whereas existing approaches focus on that of preempted jobs. We define cp-EDF in which the CP policy is applied to EDF, and analyze its schedulability. This schedulability analysis is then utilized to develop an algorithm that assigns the optimal control parameters of cp-EDF. Our in-depth evaluation has demonstrated that cp-EDF with the optimal parameter assignment improves EDF schedulability over existing preemption policies by up to 7.4%.
10th Conference of the Central European Division e.V. of the International Isotope Society (2002)

Abstract Use of Microwaves in Organic Synthesis: Application in the Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled Compounds Preparation of Tritium‐Labelled BIIL 260 with High Specific Radioactivity Synthesis of [ 3 H]‐, [ 14 C]‐ and [ 13 C, 2 H]‐labelled Org 12962 Derivatives Labeling of BAY 58‐2667, an Activator of sGC Preparation and Use of [ 14 C]N,N′‐Carbonylditriazole in the Labelling of Urea Derivatives Efficient Carbon‐14 Labeling of 2‐(3‐Hydroxypropyl)‐1 H ‐benzimidazole Synthesis of Some 14 C‐Labelled Fungicides C‐14 Labelling of NVP‐ABE651 and NVP‐ABE697 Synthesis of Carbon‐13,14 Isotopomers of a Novel 4‐Substituted‐2‐Carboxy Tetrahydroquinoline [ 14 C]CH 2 N 2 : A Suitable Precursor for the Preparation of 14 C‐Labelled Anthracyclines Preparative HPLC: a Useful Approach to Speed‐up the Purification of Labelled Compounds. Use of Stable Isotopes for the Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Fosfomycin Metalloradiopharmaceuticals for Nuclear Medicine Strategic outlook: Future Methods in DMPK and subsequent requirements for isotopically labelled compounds Isotopic Imaging of Glass‐based cDNA Microarray Hybridization New Developments in Radiation Measuring Technique
Through-space interactions between face-to-face, center-to-edge oriented arenes: importance of polar–π effects (2002)

Two series of conformationally restricted polycyclic compounds (1-3 and 4-7) have been synthesized as model systems for studying the through-space interactions between face-to-face, center-to-edge (parallel-offset) oriented arenes. These compounds feature different X substituents on one of the interacting rings. By monitoring the variation of the delta Gz for the rotation around the aryl-aryl bond in 1-7 as a function of X by 2D [1H,1H] EXSY NMR spectroscopy, it was found that the barriers increase on passing from electron-donating to electron-withdrawing substituted derivatives. Quantum mechanical calculations [MP2/DVZ (2d,p)//B3LYP/DVZ(2d,p)] gave barrier values and variations in agreement with the experimental data. The results are consistent with a repulsive arene-arene interaction dominated by electrostatic effects.
Identification of an assembly domain in the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. (1989)

The mature small subunit (SSU) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) in higher plants contains a highly conserved sequence of 16 amino acids that is absent in the SSUs of cyanobacteria. To determine whether this region of the SSU of higher plants has a specific function, portions of the SSU genes (rbcS) of pea (Pisum sativum) and the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans were fused to create chimeric genes that either lacked or contained the coding sequence for the 16 conserved amino acids. Precursor proteins synthesized in vitro from the chimeric genes were incubated with isolated pea chloroplasts to assay import and assembly into the holoenzyme. Fusion proteins lacking the 16-amino acid sequence were imported and processed but failed to assemble with endogenous large subunit. Addition of the region from a pea rbcS containing the 16 amino acids to the rbcS of Anacystis enabled the imported SSU fusion protein to assemble with pea large subunit. This 16-amino acid sequence is encoded by a separate exon in certain rbcS genes of higher plants. We propose that the conserved 16-amino acid sequence constitutes a domain acquired to facilitate assembly of the eukaryotic holoenzyme.
SEI 2: Embedded Wired and Wireless Seismic Networks for Structural Health Monitoring (2006)

A main thrust of the seismic application is the development of algorithms for performing high spatial resolution measurements and modeling of structures using wired and wireless arrays. The UCLA Factor building is a testbed for predictive numerical modeling, wireless network, and smart event-detection developments related to structural health monitoring. Waveform data from the 72-node array in the 17-story moment-resisting steel frame Factor building are used in comparison with finite element calculations for predictive behavior.
OptoSense (2020)

Ubiquitous computing requires robust and sustainable sensing techniques to detect users for explicit and implicit inputs. Existing solutions with cameras can be privacy-invasive. Battery-powered sensors require user maintenance, preventing practical ubiquitous sensor deployment. We present OptoSense, a general-purpose self-powered sensing system which senses ambient light at the surface level of everyday objects as a high-fidelity signal to infer user activities and interactions. To situate the novelty of OptoSense among prior work and highlight the generalizability of the approach, we propose a design framework of ambient light sensing surfaces, enabling implicit activity sensing and explicit interactions in a wide range of use cases with varying sensing dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D), fields of view (wide, narrow), and perspectives (egocentric, allocentric). OptoSense supports this framework through example applications ranging from object use and indoor traffic detection, to liquid sensing and multitouch input. Additionally, the system can achieve high detection accuracy while being self-powered by ambient light. On-going improvements that replace Optosense's silicon-based sensors with organic semiconductors (OSCs) enable devices that are ultra-thin, flexible, and cost effective to scale.
Particle transport in a karst aquifer: natural and artificial tracer experiments with bacteria, bacteriophages and microspheres (2002)

Fast changes in spring water quality in karst areas are a major concern for production of drinking water and require detailed knowledge of the complex interaction between karst aquifer, transport behavior of microorganisms and water treatment. We have conducted artificial and natural particle transport experiments at a karst spring with bacteria, bacteriophages, microspheres, and pathogens. Transport of the investigated microorganisms, turbid matter and chemical pullutants as well as increase in discharge are strongly related to precipitation and the heterogeneity of the aquifer. The indicator bacteria E. coli revealed a significant correlation to verotoxin-producing E coli and Cryptosporidium spp. We conclude that artificial particle tracers can help identify 'hot spots' for microbial recharge and that system parameters in spring water such as turbidity, UV-extinction and increase in discharge can be key parameters for efficient raw water management.
Enhanced Blood Pressure Variability in eNOS Knockout Mice (1999)

It has been shown previously that endogenous nitric oxide can buffer arterial blood pressure variability in dogs and rats. In these former studies, all isoforms of the nitric oxide synthase were blocked pharmacologically and an increased blood pressure variability was observed. Thus the question as to which isoform of the nitric oxide synthase is responsible for the blood pressure buffering effect of endogenous nitric oxide remains unraveled. In the present study, we therefore compared blood pressure variability in knockout mice that lack specifically the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase with their respective wild-type controls. One day after carotid artery cannulation, blood pressure was recorded in these conscious mice. During resting conditions, blood pressure variability was markedly enhanced in knockout mice compared with wild-type mice (10.5+/-1.5 mm Hg2 vs 6.0+/-0.8 mm Hg2, P<0.05). Power spectral analysis revealed that this increase in blood pressure variability is manifested at low frequencies that range from 0.05 to 0.40 s-1 (Hz) (5.1+/-1.0 mm Hg2 vs 2.5+/-0.5 mm Hg2, P<0.05). On the basis of these results, we conclude that the blood pressure buffering effect of endogenous nitric oxide is mediated by the endothelial isoform of the nitric oxide synthase. In addition, endothelial nitric oxide is most effective in buffering blood pressure oscillations at frequencies that range from 0.05 to 0.40 s-1 (Hz) in conscious mice.
General Catalytic Enantioselective Access to Monohalomethyl and Trifluoromethyl Cyclopropanes (2018)

An efficient catalytic enantioselective access to chiral functionalized trifluoromethyl cyclopropanes from two classes of diazo compounds and α-trifluoromethyl styrenes using Rh<sub>2</sub> ((S)-BTPCP)<sub>4</sub> as a catalyst is described. This method provides an efficient and practical strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized CF<sub>3</sub> -cyclopropanes with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 20:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). The depicted methodology represents, to date, the most efficient catalytic enantioselective method to access highly decorated chiral CF<sub>3</sub> -cyclopropanes. Extension to chiral monohalomethyl cyclopropanes in high ee is also reported.
Process Development Overcomes a Challenging Pd-Catalyzed C–N Coupling for the Synthesis of RORc Inhibitor GDC-0022 (2020)

Process development for a multi-kilogram-scale synthesis of GDC-0022, an inhibitor of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORc), is described. Delivery of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) relied on diastereoselective preparation of a six-membered sultam building block, as well as execution of its benzylation under heterogeneous conditions. Investigation and optimization of a challenging late-stage palladium-catalyzed C–N coupling of a bicyclic amine were likewise central to synthetic efforts. Understanding of this key reaction, as well as the development of API salt forms and isolations, ultimately enabled a successful reaction at 8.0 kg scale, utilizing 1.0 mol % XantPhos–Pd–G2 as precatalyst and, in turn, preparation of >5.0 kg of GDC-0022 tosylate salt for preclinical needs.
Digital signal processing in high-speed optical communications (2008)

Electronic digital signal processing is currently introduced in various subsystems of modern optical high-speed transceivers. Traditionally, electronic processing was basically limited to tasks like MUX/DEMUX, clock and data recovery and various synchronization loops as well as analog circuitry like modulator drivers or limiting amplifiers. In order to deal with advanced systems and with the need for increased performance at long reach and higher speed, additional signal processing requirements have appeared. Examples are FEC and electronic equalizers (EDC), electronic pre-compensation, differential encoders, clock and carrier recovery, and polarization control. Recent challenges employ pure digital processing, where ADCs and DACs are required, like OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation or MLSE (maximum likelihood sequence estimation) equalizers. In this paper some of these signal processing algorithms are considered in detail and their impact on performance and cost in terms of implementation effort is reviewed.
High pressure ethylene polymerization with a post‐metallocene bis‐phenyl phenoxy catalyst (2016)

ABSTRACT The use of post‐metallocene bis‐phenylphenoxy catalysts to polymerize ethylene under high ethylene pressures (&gt;25,000 psi) results in some remarkable catalytic properties. The high ethylene pressure produces molar ethylene concentrations in the reactor as much as 40 times higher than in typical low pressure ethylene polymerizations. This high ethylene concentration results in high catalyst efficiency at high temperatures and low reactor residence time, between 180 °C and 240 °C the catalyst efficiency surprisingly increases with increasing temperature, allowing for use of these catalysts at temperatures much higher than can be utilized in the low pressure processes. It has further been demonstrated that under these conditions increasing hydrogen levels up to 0.5 mol% does not significantly affect the polymer molecular weight; however, polymer molecular weight control can be realized with varying reactor temperature. The polymer produced is shown to be high density polyethylene made from a single site catalyst and not free radical initiated low density polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 861–866
Approximate String Membership Checking: A Multiple Filter, Optimization-Based Approach (2012)

We consider the approximate string membership checking (ASMC) problem of extracting all the strings or sub strings in a document that approximately match some string in a given dictionary. To solve this problem, the current state-of-art approach involves first applying an approximate, fast filter, then applying a more expensive exact verification algorithm to the strings that pass the filter. Correspondingly, many string filters have been proposed. We note that different filters are good at eliminating different strings, depending on the characteristics of the strings in both the documents and the dictionary. We suspect that no single filter will dominate all other filters everywhere. Given an ASMC problem instance and a set of string filters, we need to select the optimal filter to maximize the performance. Furthermore, in our experiments we found that in some cases a sequence of filters dominates any of the filters of the sequence in isolation, and that the best set of filters and their ordering depend upon the specific problem instance encountered. Accordingly, we propose that the approximate match problem be viewed as an optimization problem, and evaluate a number of techniques for solving this optimization problem.
Effects of presenting geographic context on tracking activity between cameras (2007)

A common video surveillance task is to keep track of people moving around the space being monitored. It is often difficult to track activity between cameras because locations such as hallways in office buildings can look quite similar and do not indicate the spatial proximity of the cameras. We describe a spatial video player that orients nearby video feeds with the field of view of the main playing video to aid in tracking between cameras. This is compared with the traditional bank of cameras with and without interactive maps for identifying and selecting cameras. We additionally explore the value of static and rotating maps for tracking activity between cameras. The study results show that both the spatial video player and the map improve user performance when compared to the camera-bank interface. Also, subjects change cameras more often with the spatial player than either the camera bank or the map, when available.
Integrating local voxel classification and global shape models for medical image segmentation (2008)

Segmentation of anatomical structures is a prerequisite for many medical image analysis tasks. We propose a method that integrates local voxel classification and global shape models. The method starts by computing a local feature vector for every voxel and mapping this, via a classifier trained from example segmentations, to a probability that the voxel belongs to the structure to be segmented. Next, this probabilistic output is entered into a global shape model. This shape model is constructed by mapping aligned blurred versions of reference segmentations of the training data into a vector space and applying principal component analysis (PCA). The mapping onto a vector space that is applied guarantees valid results from the PCA. An advantage of using such a shape model is that there is no need to define corresponding landmarks on all training scans, which is a hard task on 3D data. Segmentation of unseen test data is performed by a least squares fit of the results of the voxel classification, after alignment and blurring, into the PCA space. The result of this procedure is for each voxel a probability that it belongs to the structure to be segmented conditioned on both local and global information. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on segmentation of lungs containing pathologic abnormalities in 3D CT data.
Programmable Active Clock Spine for 100Gb/200Gb Coherent Optical Receiver Chip in 32nm CMOS (2014)

This paper describes an active clock distribution network for a 100G/200G coherent optical receiver. The chip has more than 1 billion transistors implemented in 32nm CMOS bulk technology with 11 metal layers. The active clock spines enabled a low-skew, low jitter, and low power clock distribution solution. In addition, a debug-friendly clocking environment provides easy observability, testing, and reconfiguration features; hence, enabling rapid time to market.
Bio-Orthogonal Nanogels for Multiresponsive Release (2021)

Responsive nanogel systems are interesting for the drug delivery of bioactive molecules due to their high stability in aqueous media. The development of nanogels that are able to respond to biochemical cues and compatible with the encapsulation and the release of large and sensitive payloads remains challenging. Here, multistimuli-responsive nanogels were synthesized using a bio-orthogonal and reversible reaction and were designed for the selective release of encapsulated cargos in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. The nanogels were composed of a functionalized polysaccharide cross-linked with pH-responsive hydrazone linkages. The effect of the pH value of the environment on the nanogels was fully reversible, leading to a reversible control of the release of the payloads and a "stop-and-go" release profile. In addition to the pH-sensitive nature of the hydrazone network, the dextran backbone can be degraded through enzymatic cleavage. Furthermore, the cross-linkers were designed to be responsive to oxidoreductive cues. Disulfide groups, responsive to reducing environments, and thioketal groups, responsive to oxidative environments, were integrated into the nanogel network. The release of model payloads was investigated in response to changes in the pH value of the environment or to the presence of reducing or oxidizing agents.
Nuclear localization of the Arabidopsis APETALA3 and PISTILLATA homeotic gene products depends on their simultaneous expression. (1996)

The Arabidopsis APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) proteins are thought to act as transcription factors and are required for specifying floral organ identities. To define the nuclear localization signals within these proteins, we generated translational fusions of the coding regions of AP3 and PI to the bacterial uidA gene that encodes beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Transient transformation assays of either the AP3-GUS or PI-GUS fusion protein alone resulted in cytoplasmic localization of GUS activity. However, coexpression of AP3-GUS with PI, or PI-GUS with AP3, resulted in nuclear localization of GUS activity. Stable transformation with these fusion proteins in Arabidopsis showed similar results. The nuclear colocalization signals in AP3 and PI were mapped to the amino-terminal regions of each protein. These observations suggest that the interaction of the AP3 and PI gene products results in the formation of a protein complex that generates or exposes a colocalization signal required to translocate the resulting complex into the nucleus. The colocalization phenomenon that we have described represents a novel mechanism to coordinate the functions of transcription factors within the nucleus.
Opioid peptides. Analgesic activity of potent dermorphin tetrapeptides. VI. (1983)

By employing the mouse tail-flick assay the analgesic activity of selected dermorphin tetrapeptides was assessed. The remarkable differences in potency exhibited by peptides after i.c.v. (500-1000 times higher than morphine) and s.c. (nearly comparable to morphine) administration are probably due to peptidase degradation.