gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dynamically refocusable sampling infrastructure for 802.11 networks. (2008)

The edge of the Internet is increasingly wireless. Enterprises large and small, homeowners, and even whole cities have deployed Wi-Fi networks for their users, and many users never need to—or never bother to—use the wired network. With the advent of high-throughput wireless networks (such as 802.11n) some new construction, even of large enterprise buildings, may no longer be wired for Ethernet. To understand Internet traffic, then, we need to understand the wireless edge. 
Measuring Wi-Fi traffic, however, is challenging. It is insufficient to capture traffic in the access points, or upstream of the access points, because the activity of neighboring networks, ad hoc networks, and physical interference cannot be seen at that level. To truly understand the MAC-layer behavior, we need to capture frames from the air using Air Monitors (AMs) placed in the vicinity of the network. Such a capture is always a sample of the network activity, since it is physically impossible to capture a full trace: all frames from all channels at all times in all places. 
We have built a monitoring infrastructure that captures frames from the 802.11 network. This infrastructure includes several channel sampling strategies that will capture representative traffic from the network. Further, the monitoring infrastructure needs to modify its behavior according to feedback received from the downstream consumers of the captured traffic in case the analysis needs traffic of a certain type. We call this technique refocusing. The coordinated sampling technique improves the efficiency of the monitoring by utilizing the AMs intelligently. 
Finally, we deployed this measurement infrastructure within our Computer Science building to study the performance of the system with real network traffic.
Synthesis of novel Imidazolidinone Peptidomimetics (2013)

Type 1 peptidomimetics are compounds that closely resemble peptides and their activity, but contain variations along the peptide backbone to enhance their stability towards metabolism. Compound 1 contains four such variations, as can be seen by comparison with the corresponding amino acid chain FGGF (Figure 1). The aim of this project is the development of a synthetic route to obtain a new class of peptidomimetics with scaffold A, containing both imidazolidinones and hydroxyethylene isosteres. The key step in the synthesis is the ring opening and rearrangement of fused ring aziridine 2 with an !-aminoamide (Scheme 1).
Optimal reference electrode selection for electric source imaging (1996)

One goal of recording voltages on the scalp is to form images of electrical sources across the cerebral cortex (electric source imaging). In this study, an objective criterion is introduced for selecting the optimal location for the reference electrode to attain the maximum spatial resolution of the source image, for example as provided here by the truncated singular value decomposition pseudo-inverse solution. The head model features a realistic cortex within a 3-shell conductive sphere, and pyramidal cell activity is represented by 9104 normal current elements distributed across the cortical area. On the scalp, 234 electrodes provide the measurements with respect to a chosen reference electrode. The effects of the reference electrode when located at the mastoid, occipital pole, vertex or center of the head are analyzed by a singular value decomposition of the lead field matrices. Sensitivity to noise, and hence the spatial resolution, is found to depend on characteristics of the lead field matrix that are determined by the choice of the image source surface, electrode array and location of the reference electrode. Using a reference close to a source surface increases the sensitivity of the measurement system in identifying the nearby activity of low spatial frequency content. However, this feature is compromised by a reduction in spatial resolution for distant cortical areas due to noise in the measurements. A new performance measure, the image sensitivity map, is introduced to identify the cortical regions that provide peak image sensitivity. This measure may be exploited in designing the geometry of an electrode array and selecting the location of the reference electrode to follow the activity on a specific area of the cortical surface.
Planning criteria to improve energy efficiency of mobile radio systems (2011)

The cellular layout of a mobile radio system has an impact on its performance (in terms of both coverage and capacity) as well as on its economical and environmental sustainability in terms of power consumption and of exposure of population to electromagnetic field. In this paper we study different cellular coverage strategies to identify which solutions better meet the constraints on the above mentioned parameters. Both an idealized, 2D case and a more detailed urban layout case are considered in the work: in the latter case a 3D ray tracing tool is used as propagation model. Generally, a trade-off is required to reach the best performance in terms of radio coverage, system throughput and energy efficiency.
Elliptical Loop Antennas of Arbitrary Size and Ellipticity: Generalized Exact Expressions for the Radiation Resistance and Directivity (2023)

There has been renewed interest in understanding the properties and radiation characteristics of loop antennas due to their wide applicability, especially in infrared and optical regimes. Despite this interest, little work in either the RF or in higher frequency regimes has been devoted to investigating full radiation solutions for a generalized elliptical loop with an arbitrary current distribution due to the additional complexity required to solve the perturbed (from the conventional circular case) radiation integrals. In this work, we present the full mathematically exact solution for an elliptical loop’s radiated power, directivity, and other far-field quantities assuming the current is represented as a Fourier cosine series. Further, we demonstrate that these solutions are accurate and in agreement with full-wave solutions for ellipses with axial ratios of five and show the convergence and accuracy of the provided analytical solutions up to extreme axial ratios of ten. Most importantly, these mathematically exact solutions provide a fundamental step toward a complete theoretical description for the radiation properties of elliptical loops, thereby enabling rapid analysis and optimization in comparison with computationally expensive full-wave solution methods. This is especially true for dispersive nanoloops, which typically require many thousands of mesh elements to accurately model.
Evaluating the effect of aliasing on the system throughput in a wideband cognitive radio networks (2021)

Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is one such technology which has gained popularity by increasing the opportunity of spectrum access for secondary users with wideband spectrum sensing. The communicative preference of the wideband spectrum for the frequency-domain sparsity, a wideband spectrum sensing-(WSS) compressed sensing blueprint make the spectrum energy efficient but involves the aliasing noise in the signal and also affect the throughput of the signal. In this paper, the problem is formulated in three section: (1) sense the spectrum in a multichannel communication environment using relatively low sampling rates; (2) show the effect of throughput on low sampling rate; and (3) is to set a threshold over which the spectrum is energy efficient as well as the aliasing effect being tolerable and probability of missed detection is minimum. Based on simulation and analysis, we identified a threshold point where the signal distortion and probability of missed detections are minimum and throughput decreases on increasing sensing time
Oxidized Porous Silicon Particles Covalently Grafted with Daunorubicin as a Sustained Intraocular Drug Delivery System (2013)

OPS with covalently loaded daunorubicin demonstrated sustained intravitreal drug release without ocular toxicity, which may be useful to inhibit unwanted intraocular proliferation.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Hydrogen Bond Activation and Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation in the Reaction Between Ethylene and Hexaisopropoxyditungsten. (1988)

Abstract 13C(1H) and 1 H NMR spectroscopic studies of the reaction between the title compounds (I) and (II) confirm the formation of the alkylidyne complex (IV) via (III) under mild conditions.
Effect of scanning the focus on generating cavitation bubbles and reactive oxygen species by using trigger high-intensity focused ultrasound sequence (2018)

In the sonodynamic treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated to damage cancer cells. The efficient generation of ROS, therefore, is significant for the treatment. The trigger high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) sequence, consisting of an extremely high intensity short trigger pulse followed by a medium-intensity and long sustaining burst, was tested for this purpose, with and without scanning the focus, in this study. The distribution of generated cavitation bubbles was observed using a high-speed camera and the amount of generated ROS was quantitatively determined by the KI method. As a result, the trigger HIFU sequence generated several times more ROS than the trigger pulse alone, and the sequence with scanning the focus generated more than twice the amount of ROS than that without scanning the focus when the intermission time between the trigger pulse and the sustaining burst was considered. These suggest that the trigger HIFU sequence with scanning the focus is efficient for generating ROS.
Restriction of Receptor Movement Alters Cellular Response: Physical Force Sensing by EphA2 (2010)

Activation of the EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase by ephrin-A1 ligands presented on apposed cell surfaces plays important roles in development and exhibits poorly understood functional alterations in cancer. We reconstituted this intermembrane signaling geometry between live EphA2-expressing human breast cancer cells and supported membranes displaying laterally mobile ephrin-A1. Receptor-ligand binding, clustering, and subsequent lateral transport within this junction were observed. EphA2 transport can be blocked by physical barriers nanofabricated onto the underlying substrate. This physical reorganization of EphA2 alters the cellular response to ephrin-A1, as observed by changes in cytoskeleton morphology and recruitment of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10. Quantitative analysis of receptor-ligand spatial organization across a library of 26 mammary epithelial cell lines reveals characteristic differences that strongly correlate with invasion potential. These observations reveal a mechanism for spatio-mechanical regulation of EphA2 signaling pathways.
Study of the $$B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^+$$ B c + → J / ψ D s + and $$B_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi D_s^{*+}$$ B c + → J / ψ D s ∗ + decays with the ATLAS detector (2016)

The decays [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.9 and 20.6 fb[Formula: see text] of <i>pp</i> collisions collected at centre-of-mass energies [Formula: see text] TeV and 8 TeV, respectively. Signal candidates are identified through [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays. With a two-dimensional likelihood fit involving the [Formula: see text] reconstructed invariant mass and an angle between the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] candidate momenta in the muon pair rest frame, the yields of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the transverse polarisation fraction in [Formula: see text] decay are measured. The transverse polarisation fraction is determined to be [Formula: see text], and the derived ratio of the branching fractions of the two modes is [Formula: see text], where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. Finally, a sample of [Formula: see text] decays is used to derive the ratios of branching fractions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where the third error corresponds to the uncertainty of the branching fraction of [Formula: see text] decay. The available theoretical predictions are generally consistent with the measurement.
Micron-Scale. Efficient, Robust Phase Modulators in the Visible (2019)

We demonstrate miniature silicon nitride (SiN)pure phase modulators in the visible that are robust to fabrication variations. They offer a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in device footprint and power consumption compared to SiN waveguide phase shifters. © 2019 The Author(s)
Impact of composition and morphology on the optical properties of Si-NC/P3HT thin films processed from solution (2013)

Blends of Si nanocrystals (Si-NCs) and organic semiconductors are promising materials for new optical and electronic devices processed from solutions. Here, we study how the optical properties of composite films containing Si-NCs and the organic semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are influenced by the composition and morphology resulting from different solution-processing parameters and different solvents used dichlorobenzene vs. chloroform). The optical spectra of the hybrid films are described using a simple phenomenological model, with which we can discern the contribution of each material in the films to the optical properties. From this analysis, we obtain quantitative information about the composition and morphology of the hybrid nanostructured films, which otherwise would be obtained from more demanding microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. For the case of the Si-NC/P3HT blend, we find that in films deposited from dichlorobenzene solutions the Si-NCs contribute sizably to light absorption.
Good guys vs. Bot Guise: Mimicry attacks against fast-flux detection systems (2011)

In this paper, we explore the escalating “arms race” between fast-flux (FF) botnet detectors and the botmasters' effort to subvert them, and investigate several novel mimicry-attack techniques that allow botmasters to avoid detection. We first analyze the state-of-art FF detectors and their effectiveness against the current botnet threat, demonstrating how botmasters can - with their current resources - thwart detection strategies. Based on the realistic assumptions inferred from empirically observed trends, we create formal models for bot decay, online availability, DNS-advertisement strategies and performance, allowing us to demonstrate the effectiveness of different mimicry attacks and evaluate their effects on the overall online availability and capacity of botnets.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from A Novel HSP90 Inhibitor–Drug Conjugate to SN38 Is Highly Effective in Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Materials and Methods and supplemental figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
NaviBoard and NaviChair: Limited Translation Combined with Full Rotation for Efficient Virtual Locomotion (2019)

Walking has always been considered as the gold standard for navigation in Virtual Reality research. Though full rotation is no longer a technical challenge, physical translation is still restricted through limited tracked areas. While rotational information has been shown to be important, the benefit of the translational component is still unclear with mixed results in previous work. To address this gap, we conducted a mixed-method experiment to compare four levels of translational cues and control: none (using the trackpad of the HTC Vive controller to translate), upper-body leaning (sitting on a "NaviChair", leaning the upper-body to locomote), whole-body leaning/stepping (standing on a platform called NaviBoard, leaning the whole body or stepping one foot off the center to navigate), and full translation (physically walking). Results showed that translational cues and control had significant effects on various measures including task performance, task load, and simulator sickness. While participants performed significantly worse when they used a controller with no embodied translational cues, there was no significant difference between the NaviChair, NaviBoard, and actual walking. These results suggest that translational body-based motion cues and control from a low-cost leaning/stepping interface might provide enough sensory information for supporting spatial updating, spatial awareness, and efficient locomotion in VR, although future work will need to investigate how these results might or might not generalize to other tasks and scenarios.
SFC Benefit With Split Injection in Two-Stroke Diesel Engine (2009)

The influence of split-injection on engine performance is studied using system and in-cylinder simulation of a two-stroke medium speed diesel engine. System level models for the engine and fuel system and a multi-dimension CFD model for the combustion chamber were developed and calibrated with experimental data. Calibration of these models from the available test data is discussed and calibration results are presented. The SFC and NOx predictions show good sensitivity to injection timing variation. These calibrated models were then used to simulate split injection through the modification of the fuel injector. Split injection achieved through this modification results in fuel savings while maintaining same NOx levels.
Economic Risks of Climate Change (2015)

Climate change threatens the economy of the United States through increased flooding and storm damage, climate-driven changes in crop yields, disruptions in labor productivity, crime, and public health and heat-related strains on energy systems. Combining current data with state-of-the-art climate models, econometric research on human responses to climate, and cutting-edge private sector risk assessment tools, this prospectus crafts a game-changing analysis of the risks of future climate change in specific U.S. regions and sectors.This work is based on a critically acclaimed independent assessment of climate change's economic risks commissioned by the Risky Business Project. With contributions from Karen Fisher-Vanden (Penn State University), Michael Greenstone (MIT), Geoffrey Heal (Columbia Business School), Michael Oppenheimer (Princeton University), and Nicholas Stern and Bob Ward (Grantham Research Institute), as well as a foreword from the nation's leading voices on environmental action, the prospectus speaks to scientists, researchers, scholars, activists, and policymakers. It depicts the distribution of escalating climate change risk across the country and anticipates its effects on aspects as varied as coastal property and crime. Beautifully illustrated and accessibly written, Economic Risks of Climate Change is an essential tool for helping businesses and governments prepare for the future
Diseño de redes de transporte urbano en ciudades de tamaño medio: El caso práctico de Terrassa (2016)

Las redes de transporte urbano sufren modificaciones continuas y encontrar el diseño de red más adecuado para cada ciudad supone un reto importante al que se enfrentan tanto administraciones como operadores de transporte. En España se han dado casos paradigmáticos de rediseño de redes en grandes ciudades que podrían servir de modelo pero ¿hasta qué punto son extrapolables estas actuaciones a otras urbes de tamaño mediano? Pretendemos profundizar en el proceso de rediseño de una red de transporte urbano en una ciudad de tamaño medio partiendo del ejemplo concreto de la ciudad de Terrassa, que con la inauguración de tres nuevas estaciones ferroviarias está siendo revisada.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2147
1P1-Q09 Development of a Mobile Robot for Transport Application in the Hospital Domain(Dynamics & Design of Robot System) (2011)

We have been developing MKR (Muratec Keio Robot), an autonomous omni-directional mobile robot system for transport application in the hospital domain. This robot has a chamber to transfer safely luggage, important specimens, and other materials. This robot has some kinds of sensors such as stereo camera, laser range finder and ultrasonic sensor to recognize circumference environment, and some kinds of user interfaces such as touch panel display, display scrolling a message to interact with human. Some experiments in several hospitals were carried out to verify the performance of the elemental technology for MKR-003. From the experimental results it was confirmed that the robot can move without colliding with static and moving obstacles.
Development of Long Lifetime and High Performance Organic Light Emitting Diode Display with Wide Temperature Range (2020)

A long lifetime organic light emitting diode (OLED) display at high temperature was developed with optimization of each layer organic materials. We clarified that charge-carrier balance between hole and electron inside the emission layer (EML) affects the lifetime of OLEDs, especially for blue-OLED. We also clarified that the lifetime becomes long with increasing the density of hole in the EML. The lifetimes of the blue-, green, and red-OLEDs developed in this study were achieved over 1,000 hours at 85 ℃ under a driving of 600 cd/m2 white luminance. A prototype 12.3 inch flexible OLED display was fabricated with using the new electron-blocking layer, hole-blocking layer, and hole-transport layer materials. We believe that the OLED display that we developed would be useful for automotive application.
Neue Verapamil-Derivate überwinden multidrug resistance im Nierenzellkarzinom und in transgenen Mäusen, die das menschliche MDR1-Gen exprimieren (1991)

Die Vielfach-Resistenz (multidrug resistance) des Nierenzellkarzinoms wird vor allem durch die Expression des menschlichen MDR1-Genes verursacht und zeichnet sich durch eine weitgefßte Kreuzresistenz gegenüber vielen Chemotherapeutika natürlichen Ursprungs aus. Diese Resistenz kann durch die Gabe von sogenannten Chemosensitivierern überwunden werden, die die Funktion des MDR1-Genproduktes, P-Glykoprotein, hemmen. Die Entwicklung neuer Chemosensitivierer mit geringeren Nebenwirkungen und erhöhter Fähigkeit, Resistenz zu durchbrechen, besitzt hohe Priorität in der aktuellen Resistenzforschung. Wir haben 4 neue Verapamil-Derivate an 21 menschlichen Nierenzellkarzinomen in vitro und zusätzlich in einem MDR-transgenen Mausmodell untersucht. Diese Mäuse exprimieren das menschliche MDR1-Gen in ihren Knochenmarkzellen, und das Zählen der peripheren weißen Blutzellen stellt ein einfaches, schnelles und zuverlässiges System dar, um einen Überblick über die Potenz von Chemosensitivierern in vivo zu gewinnen.
Self-Assembled Incorporation of Modulated Block Copolymer Nanostructures in Phase-Change Memory for Switching Power Reduction (2013)

Phase change memory (PCM), which exploits the phase change behavior of chalcogenide materials, affords tremendous advantages over conventional solid-state memory due to its nonvolatility, high speed, and scalability. However, high power consumption of PCM poses a critical challenge and has been the most significant obstacle to its widespread commercialization. Here, we present a novel approach based on the self-assembly of a block copolymer (BCP) to form a thin nanostructured SiOx layer that locally blocks the contact between a heater electrode and a phase change material. The writing current is decreased 5-fold (corresponding to a power reduction by 1/20) as the occupying area fraction of SiOx nanostructures is increased from a fill factor of 9.1% to 63.6%. Simulation results theoretically explain the current reduction mechanism by localized switching of BCP-blocked phase change materials.