gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A flash ADC system with fast data compression for a balloon-borne experiment (1992)

A multichannel flash analog-to-digital converter system was developed for a balloon-borne experiment where flash analog-to-digital converters, installed in individual channels sampled signals at the rate of 30 MHz. The system incorporated zero suppression and data compression. The samples from the converter were processed in the zero suppression circuit on a real-time basis and then submitted to data compression. The data compression reduced the event data size further, so that the data of as many events as possible could be recorded onto a storage device installed on the apparatus. A zero suppression circuit was implemented in each channel. A data compression module in the system begins to scan all the channels, performing compression, after the converter completes sampling. The system was powered by batteries and special attention was devoted to reduce power consumption of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Miniaturization of Electrostatic Fluid Accelerators (2007)

Existing thermal-management methods for electronics do not meet the technology needs and remain a major bottleneck in the evolution of computing, sensing, and information technology. The decreasing size of microelectronic components and the resulting increasing thermal output density require novel cooling solutions. Electrostatic fluid accelerators (EFAs), also known as electrohydrodynamic ionic wind pumps, have the potential of becoming a critical element of electronic thermal-management solutions. In order to take full advantage of EFA-based thermal management, it is essential to miniaturize EFA technology. This paper demonstrates the successful operation of a mesoscale microfabricated silicon EFA. Several cantilever structures fabricated in bulk silicon with radii of tip curvature ranging from 0.5 to 25 mum are used as the corona electrode. The device was fabricated using the combination of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and reactive ion etch (RIE) microfabrication processes. Forced convection cooling is demonstrated using infrared imaging, showing a 25degC surface temperature reduction over an actively heated substrate. The fabrication and test results of a mesoscale microfabricated EFA are presented in this paper.
Clinical and pathologic features of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome due to an IFIH1 mutation: A pediatric case report (2016)

We describe the case of a young patient with calcifying encephalopathy, born to asymptomatic parents. An extensive hypothesis-driven etiological assessment was performed and failed to detect the precise etiology during many years. We therefore decided to perform whole exome sequencing of the child-unaffected parents trio. A de novo pathogenic variant in the IFIH1 gene which has recently been shown to cause autosomal dominant forms of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome was identified. This child presented with a severe form with neonatal thrombocytopenia and hepatomegaly, the latter having been detected during late gestation. Although first milestones were uneventful, he progressively lost motor skills from the age of 12 months and developed severe spastic paraplegia. Brain imaging revealed white matter abnormalities and extensive calcifications. He also presented atypical skin lesions, different from chilblains. His medical history was marked by two episodes of acute pancreatitis. We provide herein the results of pathological examination including detailed description of the neuropathological hallmarks. To our knowledge, this the first detailed clinico-pathological description of a patient with an IFIH1 pathogenic variant.
Process development for high-efficiency silicon solar cells (1991)

Fabrication of high-efficiency silicon solar cells in an industrial environment requires a different optimization than in a laboratory environment. Strategies are presented for process development of high-efficiency silicon solar cells, with a goal of simplifying technology transfer into an industrial setting. The strategies emphasize the use of statistical experimental design for process optimization, and the use of baseline processes and cells for process monitoring and quality control. 8 refs.
Tumor-Specific CD4+ T Cells Render the Tumor Environment Permissive for Infiltration by Low-Avidity CD8+ T Cells (2008)

CD4+ T cells enhance tumor destruction by CD8+ T cells. One benefit that underlies CD4+ T cell help is enhanced clonal expansion of newly activated CD8+ cells. In addition, tumor-specific CD4+ help is also associated with the accumulation of greater numbers of CD8+ T cells within the tumor. Whether this too is attributable to the effects of help delivered to the CD8+ cells during priming within secondary lymphoid tissues, or alternatively is due to the action of CD4+ cells within the tumor environment has not been examined. In this study, we have evaluated separately the benefits of CD4+ T cell help accrued during priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells with a vaccine, as opposed to the benefits delivered by the presence of cognate CD4+ cells within the tumor. The presence of CD4+ T cell help during priming increased clonal expansion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in secondary lymphoid tissue; however, CD8+ T cells that have low avidity for tumor Ag were inefficient in tumor invasion. CD4+ T cells that recognized tumor Ag were required to facilitate accumulation of CD8+ T cells within the tumor and enhance tumor lysis during the acute phase of the response. These experiments highlight the ability of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells to render the tumor microenvironment receptive for CD8+ T cell immunotherapy, by facilitating the accumulation of all activated CD8+ T cells, including low-avidity tumor-specific and noncognate cells.
Antenna Count for Massive MIMO: 1.9 GHz vs. 60 GHz (2018)

If we assume line-of-sight propagation and perfect channel state information at the base station -- consistent with slow moving terminals -- then a direct performance comparison between Massive MIMO at PCS and mmWave frequency bands is straightforward and highly illuminating. Line-of-sight propagation is considered favorable for mmWave because of minimal attenuation and its facilitation of hybrid beamforming to reduce the required number of active transceivers. We quantify the number of mmWave (60 GHz) service antennas that are needed to duplicate the performance of a specified number of PCS (1.9 GHz) service antennas. As a baseline we consider a modest PCS deployment of 128 antennas serving 18 terminals. At one extreme, we find that, to achieve the same per-terminal maxmin 95 percent-likely downlink throughput in a single-cell system, 20,000 mmWave antennas are needed. To match the total antenna area of the PCS array would require 128,000 half-wavelength mmWave antennas, but a much reduced number is adequate because the large number of antennas also confers greater channel orthogonality. At the other extreme, in a highly interference-limited multi-cell environment, only 215 mmWave antennas are needed; in this case, increasing the transmitted power yields little improvement in service quality.
Coarsening Nature of Liquid-Ordered Domain in Model Membrane (2014)

We present the coarsening dynamics of a liquid-ordered (Lo) domain in a supported lipid membrane under an electric field. In a relatively small nanosmooth region surrounded by geometrical walls of nanocorrugated regions, full coarsening of the Lo domain was produced while in a large nanosmooth region, an intermediate, less-ordered Lo domain was developed so that the diffusion of charged phospholipids in the liquid-disordered (Ld) domain was allowed across the geometrical walls in the presence of an electric field. No appreciable diffusion of the charged lipids into a fully coarsened Lo domain by the electric field implies that the structural ordering of the membrane components plays a significant role on the formation of lipid rafts for biological processes.
Single cell detection capability of an optofluidic spectroscopic biosensor (2005)

Biological cells inside an optofluidic cavity modify the optical cavity modes, providing a probe for optical properties of the cells that can be used to detect and differentiate single cells. Transmission spectra of single biological cells including yeast cells and human blood cells as well as polystyrene spheres in a microfluidic Fabry-Perot cavity fabricated on glass substrates are measured and exhibit cell-type specific features attributed to higher order transverse modes. A method for spectral correlation is also presented to verify the preliminary results of the single cell spectra. The correlation calculation demonstrates that the method is able to differentiate some types of single cells
Intracranial Aneurysm and Hemorrhagic Stroke in Glucocorticoid-remediable Aldosteronism (1998)

There are anecdotal reports of early cerebrovascular complications occurring in patients with glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA). The issue has never been systematically evaluated. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the International Registry for GRA to see if there was an association between cerebrovascular complications and GRA. We searched the records of 376 patients from 27 genetically proven GRA pedigrees for premature death or cerebrovascular complications. Each case was subsequently verified through the referring physician, or autopsy reports. The number of complications occurring in patients with proven GRA were compared to GRA negative subjects from the same pedigrees. There were 18 cerebrovascular events in 15 patients with proven GRA (n=167) and none in the GRA negative group (n=194; P<.001). There were an additional 15 events in 15 subjects that were suspected of having GRA based on clinical history. Seventy percent of events were hemorrhagic strokes; the overall case fatality rate was 61%. The mean (+/- SD) age at the time of the initial event was 31.7+/-11.3 years. In total, 48% of all GRA pedigrees and 18% of all GRA patients had cerebrovascular complications, which is similar to the frequency of aneurysm in adult polycystic kidney disease. GRA is associated with high morbidity and mortality from early onset of hemorrhagic stroke and ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Screening for intracranial aneurysm with magnetic resonance angiography is advised for patients with genetically proven GRA.
Sub-100 nm SrBi2Ta2O9 film with ultrathin BiTaO4 capping layer for 3 V or lower-voltage ferroelectric memory operation (2002)

This letter proposes an enhanced 700 °C process to improve the dielectric breakdown strength and surface roughness of sub-100 nm SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) film with a thin (&amp;lt;20 nm) BiTaO4 (BT) layer for the 3 V or lower voltage ferroelectric memory. The process temperature for rapid thermal annealing and furnace annealing is performed at or below 700 °C. The BT layer is used as a capping layer on top of SBT film. It improves the dielectric breakdown strength (1.2 MV/cm) of SBT film without sacrificing other ferroelectric properties.
Dual-DNN Assisted Optimization for Efficient Resource Scheduling in NOMA-Enabled Satellite Systems (2021)

In this paper, we apply non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in satellite systems to assist data transmission for services with latency constraints. We investigate a problem to minimize the transmission time by jointly optimizing power allocation and terminal-timeslot assignment for accomplishing a transmission task in NOMA-enabled satellite systems. The problem appears non-linear/non-convex with integer variables and can be equivalently reformulated in the format of mixed-integer convex programming (MICP). Conventional iterative methods may apply but at the expenses of high computational complexity in approaching the optimum or near-optimum. We propose a combined learning and optimization scheme to tackle the problem, where the primal MICP is decomposed into two learning-suited classification tasks and a power allocation problem. In the proposed scheme, the first learning task is to predict the integer variables while the second task is to guarantee the feasibility of the solutions. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms benchmarks in terms of average computational time, transmission time performance, and feasibility guarantee.
Intravoxel water diffusion heterogeneity imaging of human high‐grade gliomas (2009)

This study aimed to determine the potential value of intravoxel water diffusion heterogeneity imaging for brain tumor characterization and evaluation of high-grade gliomas, by comparing an established heterogeneity index (alpha value) measured in human high-grade gliomas to those of normal appearing white and grey matter landmarks. Twenty patients with high-grade gliomas prospectively underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging using multiple b-values. The stretched-exponential model was used to generate alpha and distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) maps. The alpha values and DDCs of the tumor and contralateral anatomic landmarks were measured in each patient. Differences between alpha values of tumors and landmark tissues were assessed using paired t-tests. Correlation between tumor alpha and tumor DDC was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Mean alpha of tumors was significantly lower than that of contralateral frontal white matter (p = 0.0249), basal ganglia (p < 0.0001), cortical grey matter (p < 0.0001), and centrum semiovale (p = 0.0497). Correlation between tumor alpha and tumor DDC was strongly negative (Pearson correlation coefficient, -0.8493; p < 0.0001). The heterogeneity index alpha of human high-grade gliomas is significantly different from those of normal brain structures, which potentially offers a new method for evaluating brain tumors. The observed negative correlation between tumor alpha and tumor DDC requires further investigation.
Endoscopic therapy for Barrett's high grade dysplasia and intramucosal esophageal cancer is effective in community clinical practice by advanced endoscopists following multidisciplinary approach (2017)

Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia (BEHGD) and intramucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma (IMC) can be treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Efficacy of RFA and EMR in academic medical centers has been demonstrated in previous studies. However, the clinical effectiveness of this approach in community clinical practice is not fully established.All patients with biopsy-proven BEHGD and IMC (T1a), who were treated endoscopically between 2007 and 2014, were prospectively enrolled. Treatment algorithms were determined by consensus opinion after presentation at gastrointestinal tumor board. Patients underwent EMR and/or RFA until eradication-of-dysplasia and complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM) was achieved. Patients were then enrolled in an endoscopic surveillance program.A total of 60 patients underwent endoscopic therapy for BEHGD (32) or IMC (28). Median length BE was 4 cm. Forty-six patients had EMR. Median treatment interval was nine months. Median follow-up was 33 months (Interquartile range: 16-50). Fifty-five (92%) patients achieved eradication-of-dysplasia and 52(87%) CRIM. One patient with BEHGD did not achieve any benefit six months into treatment. Nine (15%) patients relapsed after CRIM with nondysplastic-BE (6), BE with low-grade dysplasia (1), and BEHGD (2). After retreatment, eradication-of-intestinal metaplasia was achieved in five patients. BE length was a negative predictor for achieving CRIM (OR 0.81; P = 0.04). There were no procedure-related severe complications. Eleven patients with prior EMR developed symptomatic strictures, which were all successfully dilated.Endoscopic management of BEHGD and IMC can be safely and effectively performed in a community clinical practice similarly to high-volume academic medical centers when performed by advanced endoscopists following multidisciplinary approach.
Identification and Characterization of T Cell-Stimulating Antigens from Leishmania by CD4 T Cell Expression Cloning (2001)

Persistent immunity against Leishmania: infections in humans is mediated predominantly by CD4(+) T cells of the Th1 phenotype. Herein we report the expression cloning of eight Leishmania: Ags using parasite-specific T cell lines derived from an immune donor. The Ags identified by this technique include the flagellar proteins alpha- and beta-tubulin, histone H2b, ribosomal protein S4, malate dehydrogenase, and elongation factor 2, as well as two novel parasite proteins. None of these proteins have been previously reported as T cell-stimulating Ags from Leishmania: beta-tubulin-specific T cell clones generated against Leishmania: major amastigotes responded to Leishmania:-infected macrophages and dendritic cells. IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot analysis demonstrated the presence of T cells specific for several of these Ags in PBMC from self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis patients infected with either Leishmania: tropica or L. major. The responses elicited by Leishmania: histone H2b were particularly striking in terms of frequency of histone-specific T cells in PBMC (1 T cell of 6000 PBMC) as well as the percentage of responding donors (86%, 6 of 7). Ags identified by T cells from immune donors might constitute potential vaccine candidates for leishmaniasis.
Pneumatic Piston Stepper Motor: An Enabler for MRI-Guided Robotic Interventions (2018)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) has become the preferred method for medical diagnosis due to high resolution images and lack of ionizing radiation. Recently, the potential for using MRI to obtain real-time image feedback for targeted therapeutic procedures such as targeted biopsies and injections has been explored [1]. Some devices designed for intra-MRI use exist and more such devices are currently being developed and researched. Procedures often require precise positional targeting, such as injections and biopsies, and an MRI safe controlled-motion stepper motor is an ideal choice for actuating these mechanical devices. Some such drivers have been developed, but for various reasons, none are considered to be the standard for MRI use at this time. Therefore, a new design combining certain aspects of previous motors has been developed, making use of newer three-dimensional (3D) printers with extreme accuracy. Presented is a small, low-cost plastic four-cylinder piston stepper motor which is actuated by pressurized air. Connected to a plastic gearbox, this motor is capable of driving a rotational shaft at torques of up to 20 N·mm by increments of 3.6 degrees.
Scale-Robust Localization Using General Object Landmarks (2018)

Visual localization under large changes in scale is an important capability in many robotic mapping applications, such as localizing at low altitudes in maps built at high altitudes, or performing loop closure over long distances. Existing approaches, however, are robust only up to about a 3× difference in scale between map and query images. We propose a novel combination of deep-learning-based object features and state-of-the-art SIFT point-features that yields improved robustness to scale change. This technique is training-free and class-agnostic, and in principle can be deployed in any environment out-of-the-box. We evaluate the proposed technique on the KITTI Odometry benchmark and on a novel dataset of outdoor images exhibiting changes in visual scale of 7× and greater, which we have released to the public. Our technique consistently outperforms localization using either SIFT features or the proposed object features alone, achieving both greater accuracy and much lower failure rates under large changes in scale.
Asymmetric Membrane Distribution of Phosphatidylserine in Different Liposomal Preparations (1999)

We established a quantitative assay (fluorescamine-assay) to determine the distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer and inner monolayer of mixed phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine liposomes. Fluorescamine (a non-fluorescent compound) reacts with primary amino groups resulting in a fluorescent product. Fluorescamine is not able to penetrate through the liposomal membrane so only the amount of PS located in the outer monolayer is accessible for the reaction. This assay was used to study the influence of several factors in liposome preparation on liposome asymmetry. An increase in the amount of PS in the liposomal preparation leads to a decrease in the outer to inner PS ratio. This was also the case for unilamellar vesicles of decreasing size. The asymmetry of PS is only slightly influenced by the addition of phos-phatidylinositol or phosphatidylgycerol, whereas small amounts of phosphati-dylethanolamine-rhodamine-B induce a dramatic shift of PS to the inner monolayer. NBD-labeled PS shows a asymmetric distribution different from that of unlabeled PS.
A Peptide Inhibitor of FOXP3 Impairs Regulatory T Cell Activity and Improves Vaccine Efficacy in Mice (2010)

Immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Treg) may contribute to the progression of cancer or infectious diseases by preventing the induction of specific immune responses. Using a phage-displayed random peptide library, we identified a 15-mer synthetic peptide, P60, able to bind to forkhead/winged helix transcription factor 3 (FOXP3), a factor required for development and function of Treg. P60 enters the cells, inhibits FOXP3 nuclear translocation, and reduces its ability to suppress the transcription factors NF-κB and NFAT. In vitro, P60 inhibited murine and human-derived Treg and improved effector T cell stimulation. P60 administration to newborn mice induced a lymphoproliferative autoimmune syndrome resembling the reported pathology in scurfy mice lacking functional Foxp3. However, P60 did not cause toxic effects in adult mice and, when given to BALB/c mice immunized with the cytotoxic T cell epitope AH1 from CT26 tumor cells, it induced protection against tumor implantation. Similarly, P60 improved the antiviral efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus expressing NS3 protein from hepatitis C virus. Functional inhibition of Treg by the FOXP3-inhibitory peptide P60 constitutes a strategy to enhance antitumor and antiviral immunotherapies.