gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole field vapor pressure modeling of QFN during reflow with coupled hygro-mechanical and thermo-mechanical stresses (2003)

A comprehensive and integrated package stress model is established for QFN (Quad Flat Non-lead) packages with consideration of the effects of moisture diffusion, heat transfer, thermo-mechanical stress, hygro-mechanical stress, and vapor pressure induced during reflow. The critical plastic materials, i.e. mold compound and die attach, are characterized for hygroswelling and moisture properties. The moisture absorption during preconditioning at JEDEC Level 1, and moisture desorption at various high temperatures are characterized. The vapor pressure modeling applies the micro-mechanics approach, the Representative Volume Element (RVE), with consideration of the micro-void effect. The vapor pressure can be calculated based on the local moisture concentration after preconditioning. Results show that the vapor pressure saturates much faster than the moisture diffusion, and a near uniform vapor pressure is reached in the package. The vapor pressure introduces additional strain of the same order as the thermal strain and hygro strain to the package. Vapor pressure-induced expansion is directly related to the vapor pressure distribution, rather than the moisture distribution.
Dissociation between sustained single-neuron spiking and transient β-LFP oscillations in primate motor cortex (2017)

Determining the relationship between single-neuron spiking and transient (20 Hz) β-local field potential (β-LFP) oscillations is an important step for understanding the role of these oscillations in motor cortex. We show that whereas motor cortex firing rates and beta spiking rhythmicity remain sustained during steady-state movement preparation periods, β-LFP oscillations emerge, in contrast, as short transient events. Single-neuron mean firing rates within and outside transient β-LFP events showed no differences, and no consistent correlation was found between the beta oscillation amplitude and firing rates, as was the case for movement- and visual cue-related β-LFP suppression. Importantly, well-isolated single units featuring beta-rhythmic spiking (43%, 125/292) showed no apparent or only weak phase coupling with the transient β-LFP oscillations. Similar results were obtained for the population spiking. These findings were common in triple microelectrode array recordings from primary motor (M1), ventral (PMv), and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortices in nonhuman primates during movement preparation. Although beta spiking rhythmicity indicates strong membrane potential fluctuations in the beta band, it does not imply strong phase coupling with β-LFP oscillations. The observed dissociation points to two different sources of variation in motor cortex β-LFPs: one that impacts single-neuron spiking dynamics and another related to the generation of mesoscopic β-LFP signals. Furthermore, our findings indicate that rhythmic spiking and diverse neuronal firing rates, which encode planned actions during movement preparation, may naturally limit the ability of different neuronal populations to strongly phase-couple to a single dominant oscillation frequency, leading to the observed spiking and β-LFP dissociation.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We show that whereas motor cortex spiking rates and beta (~20 Hz) spiking rhythmicity remain sustained during steady-state movement preparation periods, β-local field potential (β-LFP) oscillations emerge, in contrast, as transient events. Furthermore, the β-LFP phase at which neurons spike drifts: phase coupling is typically weak or absent. This dissociation points to two sources of variation in the level of motor cortex beta: one that impacts single-neuron spiking and another related to the generation of measured mesoscopic β-LFPs.
Schema Matching Using Interattribute Dependencies (2008)

Schema matching is one of the key challenges in information integration. It is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. To alleviate the problem, many automated solutions have been proposed. Most of the existing solutions mainly rely upon textual similarity of the data to be matched. However, there exist instances of the schema matching problem for which they do not even apply. Such problem instances typically arise when the column names in the schemas and the data in the columns are opaque or very difficult to interpret. In our previous work [36] we proposed a two-step technique to address this problem. In the first step, we measure the dependencies between attributes within tables using an information-theoretic measure and construct a dependency graph for each table capturing the dependencies among attributes. In the second step, we find matching node pairs across the dependency graphs by running a graph matching algorithm. In our previous work, we experimentally validated the accuracy of the approach. One remaining challenge is the computational complexity of the graph matching problem in the second step. In this paper we extend the previous work by improving the second phase of the algorithm incorporating efficient approximation algorithms into the framework.
Metabolic Imbalance and Sporulation in an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutant of Bacillus subtilis (1999)

A Bacillus subtilis mutant with a deletion in the citC gene, encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase, the third enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid branch of the Krebs cycle, exhibited reduced growth yield in broth medium and had greatly reduced ability to sporulate compared to the wild type due to a block at stage I, i.e., a failure to form the polar division septum. In early stationary phase, mutant cells accumulated intracellular and extracellular concentrations of citrate and isocitrate that were at least 15-fold higher than in wild-type cells. The growth and sporulation defects of the mutant could be partially bypassed by deletion of the major citrate synthase gene (citZ), by raising the pH of the medium, or by supplementation of the medium with certain divalent cations, suggesting that abnormal accumulation of citrate affects survival of stationary-phase cells and sporulation by lowering extracellular pH and chelating metal ions. While these genetic and environmental alterations were not sufficient to allow the majority of the mutant cell population to pass the stage I block (lack of asymmetric septum formation), introduction of the sof-1 mutant form of the Spo0A transcription factor, when coupled with a reduction in citrate synthesis, restored sporulation gene expression and spore formation nearly to wild-type levels. Thus, the primary factor inhibiting sporulation in a citC mutant is abnormally high accumulation of citrate, but relief of this metabolic defect is not by itself sufficient to restore competence for sporulation.
Microstructural Refinement and Mechanical Property Improvements of Ti-5Al-1Sn-1V-1Zr-0.76Mo Alloy by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion Processing (2007)

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was investigated as a way to produce ultra fine grain (UFG) microstructure in Ti-5Al-1Sn-1V-1Zr-0.76Mo. DEFORM 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) was used to predict loads and strain distribution associated with ECAE which were validated experimentally The effects of resulting ultra fine grain microstructure on room temperature mechanical properties and high temperature super plasticity were investigated. ECAE processing: resulted in the conversion of coarse Widmanstatten structure to fine equiaxed microstructure with an average grain size of 4 μm. The alloy with fine grained equiaxed microstructure has 20- 25% higher yield strength, 15% higher ultimate tensile strength, and 50-100% higher % elongation to fracture and % reduction in area compared to the as received alloy containing coarse Widmanstatten microstructure. The ECAE processed alloy exhibits attractive superplastic formability charactersistics at 900-950oC with m value &gt;0.4, flow stresses &lt; 20 MPa, and superplastic elongations &gt; 200%
Auto-discovery of shared risk link groups (2002)

We propose location-based techniques for the automatic discovery of shared risk link groups (SRLGs) in transport networks, which are fundamental inputs for failure risk management. The benefit of these techniques is to enhance or replace the flawed, manually maintained databases used today to support SRLG management.
Abstract 4241: Isozyme-selective intracellular binding assay for histone deacetylases . (2013)

Abstract The precise modulation of histone acetylation is crucial to cellular survival and control of reproduction.Misregulation of acetylation is often correlated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation, and general inhibition of histone deacetylases has proven to be an effective strategy in the treatment of some cancers. The underlying biology of histone deacetylases is however quite complex, with four classes of isozymes and a large number of interacting proteins that modulate the activity of each. The general scarcity of potent isozyme-selective HDAC inhibitors further complicates the task of deciphering individual isozyme activity in a cellular context. We now report a novel approach to monitoring the intracellular inhibition of single isozymes based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from NanoLucTM, a small and exceedingly bright bioluminescent reporter. In our approach, a NanoLucTM fusion of the isozyme of interest is used in combination with an optimized fluorescent tracer. When bound, energy transfer occurs from the bioluminescent enzyme to the fluorescent probe. Displacement of the probe by a competitive inhibitor is then measured as a decrease in the energy transfer ratio, yielding IC50 data specific to the chosen isozyme. We demonstrate the ability to measure intracellular IC50 values of inhibitors against individual isozymes of class I and class IIb based on choice of the NanoLucTM fusion. Citation Format: Carolyn C. Woodroofe, Matthew B. Robers, Thomas A. Kirkland, Kevin Kupcho, Andrew L. Niles, Mei Cong, Keith V. Wood. Isozyme-selective intracellular binding assay for histone deacetylases . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4241
Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO2: A Supported Catalyst for Challenging Negishi Coupling Reactions in Flow (2017)

Abstract A silica‐supported precatalyst, Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO 2 , has been prepared and evaluated for its proficiency in the Negishi cross‐coupling of hindered and electronically deactivated coupling partners. The precatalyst Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent loaded onto packed bed columns shows high catalytic activity for the room‐temperature coupling of deactivated/hindered biaryl partners. Also for the first time, the flowed Csp 3 –Csp 2 coupling of secondary alkylzinc reagents to (hetero)aromatics has been achieved with high selectivity with Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO 2 . These couplings required residence times as short as 3 minutes to effect completion of these challenging transformations with excellent selectivity for the nonrearranged product.
Academic application and interview (2011)

Applying for academic training posts – academic clinical fellowship (ACF) or clinical lectureship (CL) or others – can seem to be a ‘leap of faith’ at times, with applications and interviews for such posts being distinct from the mainstream speciality job selection process. However, common themes are repeated during the academic application/interview process across the specialities, with the speciality-specifi c questions being entwined with questions relating to the applicant’s prior academic career and achievements, their current career plans and aims, and academic plans for the future. Th e aim is to identify those who will be most capable of balancing the stresses and strains of an academic career with the clinical demands of these posts, and those most likely to become high-quality research active academic clinicians and ultimately senior lecturers or professors!
Experimental x-ray process latitude evaluation using E-D tree analysis (1995)

An E-D tree based analysis of experimental X-ray lithography data is presented for features characteristic of CMOS logic gate levels. Pattern-specific print biases for isolated lines (150- 250 nm) and two types of nested lines (250 nm) are characterized. Depths of gap for increasing exposure latitudes at +/- 20 nm line width control are calculated for individual features. common process window analysis is performed on the nested and isolated 250-nm patterns. The impact of reducing the nominal mask to wafer gap (35-26 micrometers ) on maximum exposure latitude is evaluated and the effect of gap reduction and overexposure on the nested to isolated print bias is examined.
A Uniform Neural Network Digital Predistortion Model of RF Power Amplifiers for Scalable Applications (2022)

In this article, a uniform neural network (NN) digital predistortion (DPD) model of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) is proposed for dynamic applications, which is suitable for RF PAs under various operating conditions without updating the coefficients. With the development of communication systems, it is difficult for the DPD to track the nonlinearity of the PA as the operating condition varies frequently. As one of the most promising achievements in recent years, the NN has shown excellent generalization ability, which is applicable to the DPD for scalable applications. In this situation, a uniform neural network model (UNNM), whose structure is a two-stage network, is proposed for scalable output power, scalable bandwidth, or simultaneous scalable power and bandwidth. The experiments are carried out on two sub-6 GHz broadband GaN Doherty PAs (DPAs). The experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve comparable performance without coefficient update in the scalable output power range of about 5 dB and the bandwidth range of 100 MHz, which outperforms the conventional fixed model with better than 3 dB power range and 40 MHz bandwidth range.
Dynorphin-independent spinal cannabinoid antinociception (2002)

Spinal antinociception produced by delta 9-tetrahydro-cannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) and other cannabinoid agonists has been suggested to be mediated by the release of dynorphin acting at the kappa opioid receptor. Alternatively, as cannabinoid receptors are distributed appropriately in the pain transmission pathway, cannabinoid agonists might act directly at the spinal level to inhibit nociception, without requiring dynorphin release. Here, these possibilities were explored using mice with a deletion of the gene encoding prodynorphin. Antinociceptive dose-response curves were constructed for spinal Delta(9)-THC and WIN 55,212-2 in prodynorphin knock-out mice and in wild-type littermates. WIN 55,212-2 and Delta(9)-THC were equipotent in the wild-type and prodynorphin knock-out mice. Spinal pretreatment with a kappa opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), did not alter the dose-response curves for either WIN 55,212-2 or Delta(9)-THC in prodynorphin knock-out and wild-type mice. However, the same dose of nor-BNI used blocked U50,488H-induced antinociception in both wild-type and prodynorphin knock-out mice, confirming kappa opioid receptor activity. Pretreatment with SR141716A, a cannabinoid receptor antagonist blocked the antinociceptive actions of both WIN 55,212-2 and Delta(9)-THC. These data support the conclusion that antinociception produced by spinal cannabinoids are likely to be mediated directly through activation of cannabinoid receptors without the requirement for dynorphin release or activation of kappa opioid receptors.
Measurement of Trapping Behavior of Dust Particles During Plasma Process by Suck-Out Method (2003)

レーザー光散乱（LLS）にもとづいた遠隔粒子測定法による，高周波プロセスプラズマ中で気相生成された粒子の空間分布in-situ測定が多く報告されているが，低濃度の粒子群の計測が困難であるため，プラズマ／イオンシース境界領域に捕捉された高濃度の粒子雲に限定された報告がほとんどである．そこで本研究では，プラズマCVD装置に外部から導入したSiO2試験粒子をプラズマ内に挿入したサンプリング管で吸引し，種々の位置における粒子を，減圧下の使用が可能なパーティクルカウンタにより測定した．本測定法により，LLS法では困難な低濃度の粒子分布測定が可能となった．測定結果から，捕捉粒子雲が形成されるプロセス条件においては，捕捉限界以上の過剰な粒子が，接地電極（基板）方向へ排出されず，電極横方向からプラズマ領域外へ排出されることが明らかとなった．また，捕捉粒子雲の形成を崩し，粒子を接地電極方向へ流出させるガス流量の条件が，RF電力と粒子径に依存することが見出された．さらに，プラズマ停止後の捕捉粒子の輸送を測定することで，プラズマプロセスにおいて基板表面粒子汚染が発生しやすい条件も明らかになった．
Solid-State Glucose Sensor Using LaF3-Based Transducer (1989)

A new-type glucose sensor using a LaF 3 -based transducer was investigated as the first example of a solid-electrolytecoupled biosensor. The sensor element was composed of the following electrochemical cell: (reference electrode) Sn+SnF 2 ∣LaF 3 ∣Pt-glucose oxidase (sensing electrode). The e.m.f. of the sensor cell was found to vary logarithmically with a change in glucose concentration in the range from 2×10 -5 to 1×10 -2 M in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.9. The 90% response time to 3×10 -2 M glucose was about 15 s at 30°C. The sensitivity of the sensor to glucose was fairly stable for the test period of about 30 days.
CLONEQC: lightweight sequence verification for synthetic biology (2010)

Synthetic biology projects aim to produce physical DNA that matches a designed target sequence. Chemically synthesized oligomers are generally used as the starting point for building larger and larger sequences. Due to the error rate of chemical synthesis, these oligomers can have many differences from the target sequence. As oligomers are joined together to make larger and larger synthetic intermediates, it becomes essential to perform quality control to eliminate intermediates with errors and retain only those DNA molecules that are error free with respect to the target. This step is often performed by transforming bacteria with synthetic DNA and sequencing colonies until a clone with a perfect sequence is identified. Here we present CloneQC, a lightweight software pipeline available as a free web server and as source code that performs quality control on sequenced clones. Input to the server is a list of desired sequences and forward and reverse reads for each clone. The server generates summary statistics (error rates and success rates target-by-target) and a detailed report of perfect clones. This software will be useful to laboratories conducting in-house DNA synthesis and is available at http://cloneqc.thruhere.net/ and as Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) licensed source.
Sustained suppression of SHIV89.6P replication in macaques by vaccine-induced CD8+ memory T cells (2008)

We conclude that co-immunization with a simian/human immunodeficiency virus DNA-based vaccine and IL-15 achieves sustained viral suppression and that vaccine-induced CD8 memory T cells, which differentiate into effector cells, are central to that suppression.
Enhanced Study and Control of Analyte Oxidation in Electrospray Using a Thin-Channel, Planar Electrode Emitter (2002)

A thin-channel, planar electrode emitter device is described and utilized for the study and control of electrochemical oxidation of analytes at the emitter electrode in an electrospray ion source. For analytes that are not particularly susceptible to oxidation, the planar electrode device functions analytically in a manner similar to emitter systems that utilize the more common stainless steel tubular electrodes. For more easily oxidized analytes, the device provides the means to achieve near 100% oxidation efficiency or to completely eliminate analyte oxidation through simple and rapid changes in electrode material, electrode area, electrode covering, channel height above the electrode, or solution flow rate. Compared to the use of tubular electrodes, the planar electrode emitter system provides improved flexibility in altering the nature of the electrode area and material, as well as altering analyte mass transport to the electrode surface. Each of these parameters is critical in the control of electrochemical reactions and can be easily studied or exploited with this emitter electrode configuration.
Adsorption Behavior of Various Fluorocarbon Gases on Silicon Wafer Surface (2005)

An analytical technique to clarifying the adsorption behavior of a fluorocarbon gas, which is one of the key steps in reactive ion etching, has been established. In this paper, we focus on the adsorption behavior of fluorocarbon gases to the silicon wafer surface to clarify the etching mechanism in order to realize etching to a high aspect ratio. Each fluorocarbon gas had surface selectivity for SiO 2 , Si and the photoresist. Each fluorocarbon gas reacted differently at the silicon wafer surface. As a result, the etching mechanism could be clarified using this newly established analytical technique. Therefore, an etching mechanism will be able to be clarified by applying the newly established analytical technique to the fluorocarbon gases expected to be useful for etching of high aspect ratio and further high performance ultra large scale integrated circuit device must be realized.
Transgenic Mice Expressing the Nmnat1 Protein Manifest Robust Delay in Axonal DegenerationIn Vivo (2009)

Axonal degeneration is a key component of a variety of neurological diseases. Studies using wld(s) mutant mice have demonstrated that delaying axonal degeneration slows disease course and prolongs survival in neurodegenerative disease models. The Wld(s) protein is normally localized to the nucleus, and contains the N terminus of ubiquitination factor Ube4b fused to full-length Nmnat1, an NAD biosynthetic enzyme. While Nmnat enzymatic activity is necessary for Wld(s)-mediated axonal protection, several important questions remain including whether the Ube4b component of Wld(s) also plays a role, and in which cellular compartment (nucleus vs cytosol) the axonal protective effects of Nmnat activity are mediated. While Nmnat alone is clearly sufficient to delay axonal degeneration in cultured neurons, we sought to determine whether it was also sufficient to promote axonal protection in vivo. Using cytNmnat1, an engineered mutant of Nmnat1 localized only to the cytoplasm and axon, that provides more potent axonal protection than that afforded by Wld(s) or Nmnat1, we generated transgenic mice using the prion protein promoter (PrP). The sciatic nerve of these cytNmnat1 transgenic mice was transected, and microscopic analysis of the distal nerve segment 7 d later revealed no evidence of axonal loss or myelin debris, indicating that Nmnat alone, without any other Wld(s) sequences, is all that is required to delay axonal degeneration in vivo. These results highlight the importance of understanding the mechanism of Nmnat-mediated axonal protection for the development of new treatment strategies for neurological disorders.
Correction of Motional Electric Field Measurements for Galvanic Distortion* (2004)

Interactions between motional electric fields and lateral gradients in electrical conductivity (e.g., seafloor topography) produce boundary electric charges and galvanic (i.e., noninductive) secondary electric fields that result in frequency-independent changes in the electric field direction and amplitude that are specific to a single location. In this paper, the theory of galvanic distortion of the motional electric field is developed from first principles and a procedure to correct for it is then derived. The algorithm is based on estimation of intersite transfer tensors for the horizontal electric fields at the high frequencies where external (ionospheric and magnetospheric) sources, not oceanic motionally induced electric fields, dominate. A decomposition of each measured tensor is derived that expresses it as the product of a set of distortion tensors and the underlying, undistorted transfer tensor. The algorithm may be applied simultaneously to a set of sites and assessed statistically, yielding the undistorted electric field uniquely at each site except for a single site-dependent multiplicative scalar, which must be obtained from other data. Because the distortion is frequency independent, the same tensors may be used to undistort the low-frequency, motional induction components that are of interest in oceanography. This procedure is illustrated using an electric field dataset collected in the Southern Ocean in 1995-97, which is significantly distorted by galvanic processes.