gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design and integration of a Space Station resistojet propulsion assembly (1987)

The resistojet propulsion module is designed as a simple, long life, low risk system offering operational flexibility to the space station program. It can dispose of a wide variety of typical space station waste fluids by using them as propellants for orbital maintenance. A high temperature mode offers relatively high specific impulse with long life while a low temperature mode can propulsively dispose of mixtures that contain oxygen or hydrocarbons without reducing thruster life or generating particulates in the plume. A low duty cycle and a plume that is confined to a small aft region minimizes the impacts on the users. Simple interfaces with other space station systems facilitate integration. It is concluded that there are no major obstacles and many advantages to developing, installing, and operating a resistojet propulsion module aboard the Initial Operational Capability (IOC) space station.
Chiral Monolithic Columns for Enantioselective Capillary Electrochromatography Prepared by Copolymerization of a Monomer with Quinidine Functionality. 2. Effect of Chromatographic Conditions on the Chiral Separations (2000)

The effect of chromatographic conditions on the performance of chiral monolithic poly(O-[2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethylcarbamoyl]-10,11-dihydroqui nidine-co-ethylene dimethacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) columns in the capillary electrochromatography of enantiomers has been studied. The flow velocity was found to be proportional to the pore size of the monolith and both the pH and the composition of the mobile phase. The length of both open and monolithic segments of the capillary column was found to exert a substantial effect on the run times. The use of monoliths as short as 8.5 cm and the "short-end" injection technique enabled the separations to be achieved in approximately 5 min despite the high retentitivity of the quinidine selector. Very high column efficiencies of close to 250000 plates/m and good selectivities were achieved for the separations of numerous enantiomers using the chiral monolithic capillaries with the optimized chromatographic conditions.
A conformal ruthenium electrode for MIM capacitors in Gbit DRAMs using the CVD technology based on oxygen-controlled surface reaction (2002)

We have developed a novel CVD-Ru technique, clarified the growth mechanism and fabricated BST capacitors. The growth mechanism is dominated by the surface reaction which is rate-determined by the oxygen supply. Well-tuned conditions enable fabrication of any type of storage node: a concave type with a uniform 20-nm film thickness and a pillar type from a buried film. The electrode/BST interface is degraded by the reduction-oxidation reaction during the Ru-CVD, but post-annealing restores the ideal I-V characteristics.
Quenching of aromatic hydrocarbon singlets and aryl ketone triplets by alkyl disulfides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuenching of aromatic hydrocarbon singlets and aryl ketone triplets by alkyl disulfidesWilliam L. Wallace, Richard P. Van Duyne, and Frederick D. LewisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 17, 5319–5326Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00433a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00433a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brain White-Matter Degeneration Due to Aging and Parkinson Disease as Revealed by Double Diffusion Encoding (2020)

Microstructure imaging by means of multidimensional diffusion encoding is increasingly applied in clinical research, with expectations that it yields a parameter that better correlates with clinical disability than current methods based on single diffusion encoding. Under the assumption that diffusion within a voxel can be well described by a collection of diffusion tensors, several parameters of this diffusion tensor distribution can be derived, including mean size, variance of sizes, orientational dispersion, and microscopic anisotropy. The information provided by multidimensional diffusion encoding also enables us to decompose the sources of the conventional fractional anisotropy and mean kurtosis. In this study, we explored the utility of the diffusion tensor distribution approach for characterizing white-matter degeneration in aging and in Parkinson disease by using double diffusion encoding. Data from 23 healthy older subjects and 27 patients with Parkinson disease were analyzed. Advanced age was associated with greater mean size and size variances, as well as smaller microscopic anisotropy. By analyzing the parameters underlying diffusion kurtosis, we found that the reductions of kurtosis in aging and Parkinson disease reported in the literature are likely driven by the reduction in microscopic anisotropy. Furthermore, microscopic anisotropy correlated with the severity of motor impairment in the patients with Parkinson disease. The present results support the use of multidimensional diffusion encoding in clinical studies and are encouraging for its future clinical implementation.
Long-term culture of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells enhances the replication of human influenza A viruses (2019)

Long-term culture of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 promotes the differentiation of these cells toward an alveolar type II cell phenotype. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility of long-term cultured A549 cells to human influenza viruses. A549 cells were cultured continuously for 25 days (D25-A549) or 1 day (D1-A549) in Ham's F12K medium. Six human influenza A viruses grew much faster in D25-A549 cells than in D1-A549 cells; however, two influenza B viruses replicated poorly in both cell types. Two avian influenza viruses replicated efficiently in both cell types, with similar titres. Expression levels of human virus receptors were higher in D25-A549 cells than in D1-A549 cells. D25-A549 cells thus more efficiently support the replication of human influenza A viruses compared with D1-A549 cells. Our data suggest that long-term cultured A549 cells will be useful for influenza A virus research.
CERTAIN FUNCTIONS OF ISOLATED THYROID CELLS (1961)

A technique for dispersing thyroid tissue into single cells is described. When incubated with I131 these cells form almost entirely monoiodotyrosine in peptide linkage. lodination is stimulated by TSH and inhibited by propylthiouracil, thiocyanate, catalase and glutathione. Pcrchlorate is without effect. Thyroglobulin, serum albumin and tyrosine are iodinated when added to the incubation medium, although the iodinated material formed by unfortified cells does not appear to be thyroglobulin. These cells actively metabolize glucose to CO2 and oxidize glucose by way of the hexosc monophosphate pathway.
Field-programmable gate array-based intelligent dynamic sliding-mode control using recurrent wavelet neural network for linear ultrasonic motor (2010)

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based intelligent dynamic sliding-mode control (IDSMC) using recurrent wavelet neural network (RWNN) estimator is proposed to control the mover position of a linear ultrasonic motor (LUSM) in this study. First, the structure and operating principles of the LUSM are introduced briefly. Then, the dynamics of LUSM mechanism with the introduction of a lumped uncertainty, which include the friction force, is derived. Since the dynamic characteristics and motor parameters of the LUSM are non-linear and time-varying, an IDSMC using RWNN estimator is designed to achieve robust control performance of the LUSM drive system. The RWNN estimator is employed to estimate the non-linear functions including the system parameters and external disturbance. Moreover, the adaptive learning algorithm trained the parameters of the RWNN online is derived using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Furthermore, an FPGA chip is adopted to implement the developed control and on-line learning algorithms for possible low-cost and high-performance industrial applications. The experimental results show that excellent positioning and tracking performance are achieved. In addition, the robustness to parameter variations and friction force can be obtained as well using the proposed control system.
Utilization of exogenously added acetyl coenzyme A by intact isolated lysosomes. (1983)

Acetyl coenzyme A has been shown to be required for heparan sulfate degradation for the acetylation of terminal alpha-linked glucosamine residues (Klein, U., Kresse, H., and von Figura, K. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 5185-5189). We can now demonstrate this requirement in intact isolated lysosomes. When lysosomes deficient in the enzyme alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase were incubated at 37 degrees C with [3H]acetyl-CoA, tritium was incorporated primarily into glycosaminoglycans. By utilizing hydrolytic enzymes of known specificity, the labeled glycosaminoglycan was identified as heparan sulfate and the radioactivity was shown to be located in acetyl moieties of terminal alpha-N-acetylglucosamine residues. The acetylation of heparan sulfate in alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase-deficient lysosomes could be stimulated by the addition of 0.5 mM ATP. Lysosomes from normal cells produced some labeled heparan sulfate; however, these organelles showed a significant incorporation of [3H]acetate into free N-acetylglucosamine that was increased over 10-fold by the addition of ATP. The N-acetylation was catalyzed by the enzyme acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase since lysosomes deficient in this enzyme were unable to incorporate [3H]acetate into either heparan sulfate or N-acetylglucosamine even in the presence of ATP. Incorporation of [3H]acetate from [3H]acetyl-CoA into heparan sulfate (by alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase-deficient lysosomes) and into N-acetylglucosamine (by normal lysosomes) showed a similar concentration dependence. The concentration for half-maximal incorporation of [3H]acetate was approximately 1 microM for both.
Adaptive Differential Filters for Fast and Communication-Efficient Federated Learning (2022)

Federated learning (FL) scenarios inherently generate a large communication overhead by frequently transmitting neural network updates between clients and server. To minimize the communication cost, introducing sparsity in conjunction with differential updates is a commonly used technique. However, sparse model updates can slow down convergence speed or unintentionally skip certain update aspects, e.g., learned features, if error accumulation is not properly addressed. In this work, we propose a new scaling method operating at the granularity of convolutional filters which 1) compensates for highly sparse updates in FL processes, 2) adapts the local models to new data domains by enhancing some features in the filter space while diminishing others and 3) motivates extra sparsity in updates and thus achieves higher compression ratios, i.e., savings in the overall data transfer. Compared to unscaled updates and previous work, experimental results on different computer vision tasks (Pascal VOC, CIFAR10, Chest X-Ray) and neural networks (ResNets, MobileNets, VGGs) in uni-, bidirectional and partial update FL settings show that the proposed method improves the performance of the central server model while converging faster and reducing the total amount of transmitted data by up to 377 times.
Mathematical Modeling of the Central Carbohydrate Metabolism in Arabidopsis Reveals a Substantial Regulatory Influence of Vacuolar Invertase on Whole Plant Carbon Metabolism (2010)

A mathematical model representing metabolite interconversions in the central carbohydrate metabolism of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was developed to simulate the diurnal dynamics of primary carbon metabolism in a photosynthetically active plant leaf. The model groups enzymatic steps of central carbohydrate metabolism into blocks of interconverting reactions that link easily measurable quantities like CO(2) exchange and quasi-steady-state levels of soluble sugars and starch. When metabolite levels that fluctuate over diurnal cycles are used as a basic condition for simulation, turnover rates for the interconverting reactions can be calculated that approximate measured metabolite dynamics and yield kinetic parameters of interconverting reactions. We used experimental data for Arabidopsis wild-type plants, accession Columbia, and a mutant defective in vacuolar invertase, AtbetaFruct4, as input data. Reducing invertase activity to mutant levels in the wild-type model led to a correct prediction of increased sucrose levels. However, additional changes were needed to correctly simulate levels of hexoses and sugar phosphates, indicating that invertase knockout causes subsequent changes in other enzymatic parameters. Reduction of invertase activity caused a decline in photosynthesis and export of reduced carbon to associated metabolic pathways and sink organs (e.g. roots), which is in agreement with the reported contribution of vacuolar invertase to sink strength. According to model parameters, there is a role for invertase in leaves, where futile cycling of sucrose appears to have a buffering effect on the pools of sucrose, hexoses, and sugar phosphates. Our data demonstrate that modeling complex metabolic pathways is a useful tool to study the significance of single enzyme activities in complex, nonintuitive networks.
Green deep‐UV photoresist based on chitosan for microelectronics (2023)

Abstract Photolithography is a core part in microelectronic processes. This technological step implies the use of numerous hazardous carcinogenic compounds in the formulations, the use of solvents for processing synthetic polymers to obtain micro and nanostructures. We proposed the use of chitosan‐based biosourced water‐soluble resins to significantly reduce the environmental impact of the photolithography step, for 193 nm photolithography. We show in this report that chitosan‐based photoresist is suitable for microelectronic application, and in particular, we could significantly improve photosensitivity by adding a water‐soluble photoacid generator (PAG). UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance characterizations reveal an increase of the macromolecular chain scission kinetics in the presence of PAG. Moreover, the local decrease of the pH favors the solubility of chitosan in irradiated areas. Finally, the photolithography tests demonstrate that the dose to clear and the optimal dose for photopatterning are divided by a factor of two. Moreover, the physical etching transfer tests show that the presence of PAG does not decrease the transfer performance, making these aqueous‐based formulated resins still more adapted for the fabrication of microelectronic devices.
A kinetic study of pyrolysis in pitch impregnated electrodes (1990)

Abstract Carbon electrodes impregnated with three different pitches have been studied and compared. The electrode samples were heated up to 893 K in a thermogravimetric analyser at different heating rates. The weight loss was recorded with respect to time and temperature. A special technique and a calculation procedure have been developed to handle the pitch dripping from the electrode at low temperatures. A kinetic model assuming a first order reaction rate was used to interpret the data. This paper presents the experimental technique and the results of the study. The model predictions are compared with the data which shows a good agreement.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Caged-Structure Intermetallic Compounds CeT2Al20 (T = Nb, Mo) (2020)

Electrical resistivity (), magnetic susceptibility (M/H) and specific heat (C) were measured using single crystals of the caged structure compounds CeT 2 Al 20 (T = Nb, Mo) grown by the flux method. The temperature dependence of for CeT 2 Al 20 showed T 2 below around 100 K. There was no signal of the phase transitions down to 1.9 K on the resistivity. The temperature dependences of M/H show minima around 80 K and 130 K, for CeNb 2 Al 20 and CeMo 2 Al 20 , respectively, then slightly increase with increasing temperature. The temperature variations of C of CeT 2 Al 20 and the La analogs, CeNb 2 Al 20 and CeMo 2 Al 20 , appeared similar in the high T region, but the C/T values of CeT 2 Al 20 were larger than those of the La analogs. These findings indicate that CeT 2 Al 20 are in the intermediate-valence state.
High-speed micro-PIV measurements of transient flow in microfluidic devices (2004)

This paper reports a new technique of micro-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV). To investigate transient phenomena in a microfluidic device, a high-speed micro-PIV technique was developed by combining a high-speed camera and a continuous wave (CW) laser. The technique was applied to a micro counter-current flow, consisting of water and butyl acetate. The velocity fields of water in the micro counter-current flow were visualized for a time resolution of 500 µs and a spatial resolution of 2.2 × 2.2 µm2. Using the micro-PIV technique, the vortex-like motions of fluorescent particles around the water–butyl acetate interface were captured clearly.
Microscopia de varredura por força: uma ferramenta poderosa no estudo de polímeros (1997)

As técnicas de microscopia de varredura por força tem promovido um grande impacto em ciência dos materiais devido a possibilidade de obtenção de imagens em escala que pode chegar no nível atômico. Neste trabalho serão apresentados o princípio básico de funcionamento da microscopia de varredura por força, os vários modos de operação e as forças envolvidas e medidas. O potencial de aplicação destas técnicas no estudo de materiais, e em particular de polímeros, serão discutidos. Uma comparação da microscopia de força atômica com outras técnicas de microscopia será apresentada, assim como exemplos da utilização da técnica de microscopia de força atômica para o estudo de polímeros.
Effects of the M4 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulator VU0467154 on cognition and pyramidal cell firing properties in layer V of the mPFC (845.9) (2014)

Many symptoms in schizophrenia are attributed to alternations in normal glutamatergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In preclinical studies, psychotomimetic agents like the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist MK‐801 induce enhanced spontaneous firing at glutamatergic synapses within the medial PFC and cognitive impairments. Recently, we reported the discovery of VU0467154, an optimized positive allosteric modulator (PAMs) of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor with low nanomolar potency in vitro and suitable pharmacokinetic properties for in vivo studies. Here we evaluated the ability of VU0467154 to reverse alterations in mPFC signaling and behavioral deficits induced by MK‐801. In vivo electrophysiology studies in anesthetized rats revealed that pretreatment with VU0467154 reversed MK‐801‐induced changes in firing rates in layer V pyramidal cells of the mPFC, while having no effect on firing rates when administered alone. Moreover, VU0467154 produced dose‐related reversals of MK‐801‐induced hyperlocomotion and deficits in contextual‐ and cue‐mediated conditioned fear responding in rodents. These findings suggest that M4 PAMs may have important therapeutic potential for addressing the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits associated abnormal PFC glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Grant Funding Source : Supported by 2R01 MH73676‐06, 1R01 MH086601‐04, AstraZeneca
Activation of Transcription at Specific Promoters by Glycerol (1974)

Abstract Glycerol added to a transcription system containing λgal DNA and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme stimulates total RNA synthesis and replaces the requirement for cyclic adenosine 3' : 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP receptor (CRP) for promotion of gal RNA synthesis. The stimulatory effect which is proportional to the concentration of glycerol up to 20% (v/v) occurs at the level of preinitiation complex formation. In stimulating gal transcription, glycerol appears to act at or close to the same site as cAMP and CRP because: (a) glycerol has little effect on gal transcription at saturating levels of cAMP and CRP; (b) although glycerol stimulates transcription from λgal DNA bearing revertible gal promoter mutations, transcription from DNA containing a gal promoter deletion is not stimulated; (c) glycerol stimulation of gal promoter mutants is inhibited by cAMP and CRP; and (d) with either glycerol or cAMP and CRP, transcription of the promoter-proximal galE region precedes transcription of the galKT region. The effect of glycerol on λ early transcription is to stimulate early r-strand RNA synthesis but not early l-strand RNA synthesis. However, if the DNA template contains a defective λsex promoter, the decreased levels of early l-strand RNA are restored to normal by glycerol. Ethylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide, sucrose, and 1,3-propanediol, all of which lower the Tm of DNA, also stimulate both total RNA and gal RNA synthesis. Furthermore, the glycerol-promoted formation of the gal preinitiation complex is strongly dependent on the preincubation temperature. At lower temperatures, complex formation requires increased glycerol or decreased KCl concentrations. These findings suggest that glycerol may act by melting or changing the conformation of the DNA promoter regions.
Reactions of Complex Ions of Platinum and Palladium in Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Metal Arachidates (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Complex Ions of Platinum and Palladium in Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Metal ArachidatesDavid J. Elliot, D. Neil Furlong, Thomas R. Gengenbach, Franz Grieser, Robert S. Urquhart, Catherine L. Hoffman, and John F. RaboltCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 12, 4773–4778Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00012a031https://doi.org/10.1021/la00012a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts