gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the strong coupling constant $$\alpha _\mathrm {s}$$ α s from transverse energy–energy correlations in multijet events at $$\sqrt{s} = 8~\hbox {TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector (2017)

Measurements of transverse energy-energy correlations and their associated asymmetries in multi-jet events using the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. The data used correspond to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 20.2 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The results are presented in bins of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of the two leading jets, unfolded to the particle level and compared to the predictions from Monte Carlo simulations. A comparison with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD is also performed, showing excellent agreement within the uncertainties. From this comparison, the value of the strong coupling constant is extracted for different energy regimes, thus testing the running of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> predicted in QCD up to scales over <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A global fit to the transverse energy-energy correlation distributions yields <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub><mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.1162</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0011</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>(exp.)</mml:mtext> <mml:msubsup><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0070</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0084</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mtext>(theo.)</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace></mml:mrow> </mml:math> , while a global fit to the asymmetry distributions yields a value of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub><mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.1196</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0013</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>(exp.)</mml:mtext> <mml:msubsup><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0045</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0075</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mtext>(theo.)</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace></mml:mrow> </mml:math> .
Hedgehog modulates cell cycle regulators in stem cells to control hematopoietic regeneration (2006)

The signals that control the regenerative ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in response to damage are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that downstream activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway induces cycling and expansion of primitive bone marrow hematopoietic cells under homeostatic conditions and during acute regeneration. However, this effect is at the expense of HSC function, because continued Hh activation during regeneration represses expression of specific cell cycle regulators, leading to HSC exhaustion. In vivo treatment with an inhibitor of the Hh pathway rescues these transcriptional and functional defects in HSCs. Our study establishes Hh signaling as a regulator of the HSC cell cycle machinery that balances hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration in vivo.
P‐101: Nanogap Fabrication on Palladium Electrodes for Field Emission Display Applications (2007)

Abstract We have used focused ion beam (FIB) to produce nanogaps on palladium thin film line electrodes. The two facing cross‐sections of the as‐prepared nanogap were smooth and exhibited a large turn‐on voltage for electron field emission depending on the separation of the gap. Hydrogen plasma treatment was used to increase the edge roughness of the nanogap, and thereby dramatically improve the field emission characteristics. for a gap with a separation of 90 nm, the turn‐on voltage reduced to 50 V from 175 V after the hydrogen plasma treatment.
Figure S6 from Unbiased Metabolic Profiling Predicts Sensitivity of High MYC-Expressing Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors to Glutamine Inhibition with 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Formal synergy studies with DON and carboplatin&lt;/p&gt;
Combustion Model Based Explanation of the P<sub>max</sub> and IMEP Coupling Phenomenon in Diesel Engine (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A three-pulse fuel injection mode has been studied by implementing two-input-two-output (2I2O) control of both peak combustion pressure (P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). The engine test results show that at low engine speed, the first main injection duration and the second main injection duration are able to be used to control P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and IMEP respectively. This control is exercised within a limited but promising area of the engine map. However, at high engine speed, P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and IMEP are strongly coupled together and then can not be separately controlled by the two control variables: the first and the second main injection duration. A simple zero-dimensional (0D) combustion model together with correlation analysis method was used to find out why the coupling strength of P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and IMEP increases with engine speed increased.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It was found that the closer coupling of P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and IMEP at higher engine speeds is due to the following reasons: (i) combustion occupied a larger crank angle; (ii) there was lower maximum heat release rate and (iii) there was a stronger correlation between IMEP and manifold air pressure (MAP) and promoted by the turbocharger.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Predictive modelling of liquids spreading on solid surfaces (1993)

A liquid spreading model is developed in which surface and gravitational driving energies are balanced against the energy lost through bulk viscous dissipation. Behaviour is described in terms only of independently measurable quantities, with no adjustable parameters. Additionally, the model can be used to predict liquid viscosity as a function of spreading behaviour. Two different liquid velocity fields are considered, one appropriate for bulk droplet spreading, and the other for thin liquid (e.g. small contact angle) spreading. A time constant indicating the time scale of bulk limited spreading processes is derived
Total Synthesis of 8-epi-PGF2.alpha.. A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Isoprostanes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of 8-epi-PGF2.alpha.. A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of IsoprostanesSeong Woo Hwang, Mustafa Adiyaman, Subhash Khanapure, Laurent Schio, and Joshua RokachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10829–10830Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views783Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Rational Evolution of a Novel Type of Potent and Selective Proviral Integration Site in Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Kinase 1 (PIM1) Inhibitor from a Screening-Hit Compound (2012)

Serine/threonine kinase PIM1 is an emerging therapeutic target for hematopoietic and prostate cancer therapy. To develop a novel PIM1 inhibitor, we focused on 1, a metabolically labile, nonselective kinase inhibitor discovered in our previous screening study. We adopted a rational optimization strategy based mainly on structural information for the PIM1-1 complex to improve the potency and selectivity. This approach afforded the potent and metabolically stable PIM1-selective inhibitor 14, which shows only a marginal increase in molecular weight compared with 1 but has a significantly decreased cLogP. The validity of our design concept was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. In a cellular study, 14 potently inhibited the growth of human leukemia cell line MV4-11 but had a negligible effect on the growth of WI-38 (surrogate for general toxicity). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our design strategy for evolving the screening-hit compound 1 into a novel type of PIM1 inhibitor, 14.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of a citrus bioflavanoid blend in the treatment of senile purpura. (2011)

This new treatment appears to both safely and effectively diminish skin bruising in patients with senile purpura.
Detecting and locating faults in VLSI implementations of the Advanced Encryption Standard (2004)

Concurrent fault detection for hardware implementations of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) may provide protection against random faults, and against an attacker who may maliciously inject faults in order to find the encryption secret key. We have recently developed such a scheme which is based on the parity code. In this paper we prove that the parity-based code detects all odd-order faults and allows the location of most single transient and permanent faults.
Hyperchloremic Acidosis (2002)

In Response: The development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after infusion of sufficiently large volumes of saline or saline-based colloid solutions is reproducible and perhaps not surprising. Dr. Parekh’s letter lends support to the suggestion that the diagnosis of hyperchloremic acidosis may result in undesirable intervention. This may be the inappropriate administration of further intravenous fluids with a high chloride content, aggravating rather than improving the condition. The diagnosis of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, of course, constitutes a biochemical finding. It is fair play to ask whether this type of acidosis is benign and self-limiting, or whether it is clinically relevant and should be treated or—better yet—prevented. Evidence for improved primary or secondary outcome variables in the absence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is now emerging. In our study, the administration of crystalloids and colloids of more balanced composition resulted in better gastrointestinal perfusion than infusion of saline-based fluids (1). Such a finding has been related to better outcome in another study (2). Improved gut perfusion may also contribute to the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, thus providing a better quality of anesthesia (3). The intraoperative urine output was larger in patients in the balanced fluid group of our study than in the saline group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Metabolic acidosis, whatever its origin, can depress myocardial contractility, reduce cardiac output, and impair renal and intestinal blood flow. Acidemia and cellular acidosis have the capacity to inactivate membrane calcium channels and to inhibit the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve fibers. Such metabolic vasodilatation and neuromodulation may result in the redistribution of cardiac output away from internal organs. Plasma chloride levels affect afferent arteriolar tone through calcium activated chloride channels and modulate the release of renin. Hyperchloremia can reduce renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (4,5). Current evidence suggests that hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is clinically relevant. As a solution for large-volume intraoperative infusions, we prefer crystalloids and colloids with a more balanced composition. Nicholas J. Wilkes Susan V. Mallett Michael G. Mythen
Adaptive active sound quality control algorithm (2005)

This paper presents an adaptive active sound-quality control (ASQC) system using the active noise equalization (ANE), the filtered-error least-mean-square (FELMS) algorithm, and the normalized reference signal generator. The integrated ASQC algorithm achieves desired spectral shaping of residual noise for controlling the sound quality. This optimized ASQC system uses the FELMS algorithm to limit high gains in passband, thereby increasing the system stability. Fast convergence is achieved by normalizing amplitudes of sinusoidal components in the reference signal according to the magnitude responses of secondary path at the corresponding frequencies. Computer simulations show faster convergence and reduced passband disturbance as compared to the original ANE system.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FLOURS (1911)

As a control of our former experiments,' wc obtained a new supply of flours straight from the mill of guaranteed quality, supplied by the Hovis Company.
Delayed Chain Termination Protects the Anti-hepatitis B Virus Drug Entecavir from Excision by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (2008)

Entecavir (ETV) is a potent antiviral nucleoside analogue that is used to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that ETV is also active against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Unlike all approved nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase RT) inhibitors (NRTIs), ETV contains a 3'-hydroxyl group that allows further nucleotide incorporation events to occur. Thus, the mechanism of inhibition probably differs from classic chain termination. Here, we show that the incorporated ETV-monophosphate (MP) can interfere with three distinct stages of DNA synthesis. First, incorporation of the next nucleotide at position n + 1 following ETV-MP is compromised, although DNA synthesis eventually continues. Second, strong pausing at position n + 3 suggests a long range effect, referred to as "delayed chain-termination." Third, the incorporated ETV-MP can also act as a "base pair confounder" during synthesis of the second DNA strand, when the RT enzyme needs to pass the inhibitor in the template. Enzyme kinetics revealed that delayed chain termination is the dominant mechanism of action. High resolution foot-printing experiments suggest that the incorporated ETV-MP "repels" the 3'-end of the primer from the active site of HIV-1 RT, which, in turn, diminishes incorporation of the natural nucleotide substrate at position n + 4. Most importantly, delayed chain termination protects ETV-MP from phosphorolytic excision, which represents a major resistance mechanism for approved NRTIs. Collectively, these findings provide a rationale and important tools for the development of novel, more potent delayed chain terminators as anti-HIV agents.
Substrate monitoring system for inspecting defects in TSV-based data buses (2014)

Three dimensional ICs are expected to bring about a new generation of integration by allowing for a smaller footprint, faster operation, and lower energy consumption. Manufacturing defects in through-silicon via (TSV) and disconnection defects among tiers are concerns in this new technology. To prevent yield loss from these defects, confirming known-good-die (KGD) and known-good-stacks (KGS) by test is a critical issue. In this paper, embedded test circuitry is proposed to guarantee KGD and KGS by measuring noise on the silicon substrate. The proposed test circuit consists of simple circuitry and potentially can test multiple TSVs with just a single channel of test circuitry. Testing by using substrate noise measurements does not require direct electrical connections. Hence, the proposed test structure does not invade the original circuit design. An analytical model is created to indicate effectivity of the test structure. Analytical result shows a single channel of test circuitry can test 72 TSVs of the same pitch, such as would be encountered in Wide-I/O. Use of the test structure both during initial calibration and then during actual product use are discussed.
Norm-Product Belief Propagation: Primal-Dual Message-Passing for Approximate Inference (2009)

In this paper we treat both forms of probabilistic inference, estimating marginal probabilities of the joint distribution and finding the most probable assignment, through a unified message-passing algorithm architecture. We generalize the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithms of sum-product and max-product and tree-rewaighted (TRW) sum and max product algorithms (TRBP) and introduce a new set of convergent algorithms based on "convex-free-energy" and Linear-Programming (LP) relaxation as a zero-temprature of a convex-free-energy. The main idea of this work arises from taking a general perspective on the existing BP and TRBP algorithms while observing that they all are reductions from the basic optimization formula of $f + \sum_i h_i$ where the function $f$ is an extended-valued, strictly convex but non-smooth and the functions $h_i$ are extended-valued functions (not necessarily convex). We use tools from convex duality to present the "primal-dual ascent" algorithm which is an extension of the Bregman successive projection scheme and is designed to handle optimization of the general type $f + \sum_i h_i$. Mapping the fractional-free-energy variational principle to this framework introduces the "norm-product" message-passing. Special cases include sum-product and max-product (BP algorithms) and the TRBP algorithms. When the fractional-free-energy is set to be convex (convex-free-energy) the norm-product is globally convergent for estimating of marginal probabilities and for approximating the LP-relaxation. We also introduce another branch of the norm-product, the "convex-max-product". The convex-max-product is convergent (unlike max-product) and aims at solving the LP-relaxation.
Microstructural Control of Polymers Achieved Using Controlled Phase Separation During 3D Printing with Oligomer Libraries: Dictating Drug Release for Personalized Subdermal Implants (2020)

Controlling the microstructure of materials by means of phase separation is a versatile tool for optimizing material properties. In this study, we show that ink jet 3D printing of polymer blends gives rise to controllable phase separation that can be used to tailor the release of drugs. We predicted phase separation using high throughput screening combined with a model based on the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, and were able to show that drug release from 3D printed structures can be predicted from observations based on single drops of mixtures. This new understanding gives us hierarchical compositional control, from droplet to device, allowing release to be ‘dialed up’ without any manipulation of geometry. This is an important advance for implants that need to be delivered by cannula, where the shape is highly constrained and thus the usual geometrical freedoms associated with 3D printing cannot be exploited, bringing a hitherto unseen level of understanding to emergent material properties of 3D printing.
Effect of mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos) addition with and without zinc oxide on performance and immunocompetence of weanling pigs. (2000)

Bio-Mos is a mannan oligosaccharide derived from the cell wall of yeast and has resulted in improved weight gain and feed efficiency when fed to broiler chicks and weanling pigs. Polysaccharides derived from yeast cell wall material have also been implicated in enhancing immune function. Researchers in aquaculture have found that yeast glucan enhances the nonspecific defense mechanism and survival in fish (Engstad et al., 1992). Similarly, performance has been improved in early-weaned pigs fed a glucan isolated from yeast (Schoenherr et al., 1994). Because of these observed improvements in performance, Bio-Mos could serve as a potential replacement for additions of high levels of trace minerals such as ZnO and copper sulfate that are added in excess of the pigs’ dietary requirement. The objective of this study was to further assess the efficacy of Bio-Mos in improving performance in weaned pigs, and determine its potential as a replacement for ZnO in nursery pig diets. The effect of diet on immunocompetence of weanling pigs was also evaluated. Experimental Procedures
MR-based measurement of spinal cord motion during flexion of the spine: implications for intradural spinal cord stimulator systems (2013)

This study develops a means of delivering electrical stimuli directly to the pial surface of the spinal cord for treatment of intractable pain. This intradural implant must remain in direct contact with the cord as it moves within the spinal canal. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the movement of the spinal cord between neutral and flexed-back positions in a series of volunteers (n = 16). Following flexion of the back, the mean change in the pedicle-to-spinal cord dorsal root entry zone distance at the T10-11 level was (8.5 ± 6.0) mm, i.e. a 71% variation in the range of rostral-caudal movement of the spinal cord across all patients. There will be a large spectrum of spinal cord strains associated with this observed range of rostral-caudal motions, thus calling for suitable axial compliance within the electrode bearing portion of the intradural implant.