gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Un metodo online per la prevenzione del rischio di shock glicemici in pazienti diabetici da dati di monitoraggio continuo del glucosio (2010)

L'analisi di serie temporali di segnali glicemici, complessa nello spazio glicemico a causa dell'asimmetrica distribuzione
dei valori glicemici in esso, puo essere facilmente eseguita nello spazio del rischio sviluppato da Kovatchev et al., 
mediante una trasformazione puntuale dei livelli glicemici in valori numerici associati al concetto di rischio clinico di eventi ipo-iperglicemici, al fine di pesare equamente questi eventi all'interno del nuovo spazio. Grazie ai recenti sviluppi nel campo del monitoraggio continuo del glucosio, e possibile estrarre una piu ricca informazione riguardo la dinamica di tali segnali, che in questo lavoro viene utilizzata per sensibilizzare i valori di rischio in una prospettiva dinamica. La nuova funzione di rischio generata modula il valore dell'originale rischio di Kovatchev, permettendo di differenziare il rischio di medesimi livelli glicemici in base al trend del segnale. Infine questa funzione puo essere impiegata online per prevenire eventi di shock glicemici, anticipando l'attraversamento della soglia ipo-iperglicemica.
Moraxella catarrhalis Outer Membrane Vesicles Carry β-Lactamase and Promote Survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by Inactivating Amoxicillin (2011)

Moraxella catarrhalis is a common pathogen found in children with upper respiratory tract infections and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during exacerbations. The bacterial species is often isolated together with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released by M. catarrhalis and contain phospholipids, adhesins, and immunomodulatory compounds such as lipooligosaccharide. We have recently shown that M. catarrhalis OMVs exist in patients upon nasopharyngeal colonization. As virtually all M. catarrhalis isolates are β-lactamase positive, the goal of this study was to investigate whether M. catarrhalis OMVs carry β-lactamase and to analyze if OMV consequently can prevent amoxicillin-induced killing. Recombinant β-lactamase was produced and antibodies were raised in rabbits. Transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blotting verified that OMVs carried β-lactamase. Moreover, enzyme assays revealed that M. catarrhalis OMVs contained active β-lactamase. OMVs (25 μg/ml) incubated with amoxicillin for 1 h completely hydrolyzed amoxicillin at concentrations up to 2.5 μg/ml. In functional experiments, preincubation of amoxicillin (10× MIC) with M. catarrhalis OMVs fully rescued amoxicillin-susceptible M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae, and type b or nontypeable H. influenzae from β-lactam-induced killing. Our results suggest that the presence of amoxicillin-resistant M. catarrhalis originating from β-lactamase-containing OMVs may pave the way for respiratory pathogens that by definition are susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics.
Detecting Activation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase by Complementary DNA and Tissue Microarray Analysis (2000)

The combination of CGH information with cDNA and tissue microarray analyses can be used to identify amplified and overexpressed genes and to evaluate the clinical implications of such genes and genomic rearrangements. S6K is likely to be one of the genes at 17q23 that is amplified during oncogenesis and may adversely affect the prognosis of patients with this amplification.
Numerical Prediction of Partially Premixed Flames Based on Extended BML Model Coupled With Mixing Transport and ILDM Chemical Model (2003)

To improve the numerical prediction of partially premixed flames occurring in gas turbine combustors the extension of the well-known Bray-Moss-Libby model for premixed combustion is presented. The model modification based on the algebraic closure for a mean chemical source term is coupled to the mixing transport model providing variable equivalence ratio distinguishing partially premixed flames. Finite rate chemistry is incorporated by means of ILDM model solving transport equations for two reaction progress variables conditioned on the flame front. Multivariate presumed PDF model is used for the turbulence chemistry interaction treatment. Turbulence models of two levels of complexity are applied in order to investigate the influence of non-gradient turbulent transport phenomenon. Redistribution terms in second moment transport equations are extended to take into account strongly variable density effects. Model combinations considered are assessed simulating piloted partially premixed flame. The obtained results agree well with experimental data.
Strategies for Wideband Mechanical Energy Harvester (2012)

The energy harvesting market expands day by day, this is mainly due to the number of the implemented low power sensors in different fields, such as: human body, building, car engine...etc. These sensors are in most cases powered by batteries, but the main drawback of this technique is the need of a continuous control of their state of charge, the recharge and the replacement which is in most cases expensive. Thus, in order to overcome these limitations, one of the most promising solutions is to harvest the surrounding energy beside the system to power. In our environment, we can find many types of recoverable energy, for example: mechanical energy, thermal energy and radiative energy (solar, infra-red, radiofrequency). This chapter is dedicated to mechanical energy and more particularly to mechanical vibration energy produced by cars, fridges, mechanical engines and so on. The mechanical to electrical converter can be electromagnetic, electrostatic or piezoelectric. In case of an electromagnetic conversion, the vibrations are used to create a relative movement between a coil and a permanent magnet. In case of an electrostatic transduction, the vibrations are used to create a variable capacitance. In case of a piezoelectric transduction, the vibrations are used to apply a mechanical stress on a piezoelectric material. Actually, a vibration energy harvester (VEH) features 3 main components as presented in the Figure 1.
The Microsoft relational engine (2002)

Microsoft offers three very successful database products, FoxPro, Access and SQL Server. While SQL Server excels in multi-user transaction performance, Access and its underlying Jet engine excel as an end-user and development tool for desktop and client-server applications. One of our top priorities is to improve the integration of these two products. With respect to their query processing capabilities, we plan on combining the strengths of SQL Server with those of Access. SQL Server's strengths are focused on management of very large tables, server-side cursors, and the use of stored procedures as scripts and as triggers. Access strengths are queries over multiple servers, updatable query results, and bit-mapped processing. In our next generation of products, SQL Server will employ new query processing technology. Both optimization and execution will be based on an extensible set of operators. We are focusing on the relational algebra augmented with a few operators such as the top operator found in Access, and suitable loops-, index-, sort-, hash-, and bitmap-based execution algorithms. Moreover, we are planning on executing these algorithms both sequentially and in parallel. We have four design goals, namely functionality, performance, scalability, and extensibility.
A dual-mode dual-standard LNA for DCS1800/W-CDMA applications (2006)

The authors present in this article a dual-standard dual-mode low-noise amplifier (LNA) for DCS1800/W-CDMA-FDD applications. In order to save die area compared to conventional parallel LNAs, an alternative circuit configuration have been used. It consists of sharing the most die consuming elements (inductances) in both operation standards, enabling a more compact solution. The mode and standard selection is performed through a bias scheme (MOS switches) that allows alternating between the two involved standards. The LNA die area is 1.0 times 1.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and it consumes 6.8mW (3.8mA under 1.8V), including bias circuitry
Effect of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Fortified Fruit Powder Beverage on the Nutrition Status, Physical Fitness, and Cognitive Performance of Schoolchildren in the Philippines (2003)

This study aimed to determine the effect of a multiple-micronutrient-fortified beverage on the micronutrient status, physical fitness, and cognitive performance of schoolchildren. The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of schoolchildren assigned to receive either the fortified or nonfortified beverage with or without anthelmintic therapy. Data on hemoglobin level, urinary iodine excretion (UIE) level, physical fitness, and cognitive performance were collected at baseline and at 16 weeks post-intervention. The fortified beverage significantly improved iron status among the subjects that had hemoglobin levels < 11 g/dl at baseline. The proportion of children who remained moderately to severely anemic was significantly lower among those given the fortified beverage. In the groups that received the fortified product, the median UIE level increased, whereas among those who received the placebo beverage, the median UIE level was reduced significantly. Iron- and/or iodine-deficient subjects who received the fortified beverage showed significant improvements in fitness (post-exercise reduction of heart rate) and cognitive performance (nonverbal mental ability score). The study showed that consumption of a multiple-micronutrient-fortified beverage for 16 weeks had significant effects on iron status, iodine status, physical fitness, and cognitive performance among iron- and/or iodine-deficient Filipino schoolchildren. Anthelmintic therapy improved iron status of anemic children and iodine status of the iron-adequate children at baseline but it had no effect on physical fitness and cognitive performance. The results from the clinical study showed that a multiple-micronutrient-fortified beverage could play an important role in preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies.
Orbital Diversity for Satellite Navigation (2012)

Today, satellite navigation is based on a growing suite of satellites in medium earth orbit (MEO). Amongst these, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is the centerpiece and grandest achievement. GPS began in earnest in the 1970’s when the planners predicted that GPS would serve a total of 40,000 military users with some ancillary civil use. Today, the civil community ships approximately forty million GPS receivers per month, and this civil use has generated a remarkable breadth of applications. Attracted by this utility, Russia is rejuvenating their satellite navigation system, called GLONASS. China is expanding their regional system, Beidou (also known as Compass), to include global coverage. Europe has launched their first prototype satellites for the Galileo system. Japan and India have launched satellites for their regional systems. Taken together, all of these systems will constitute a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with over one hundred satellites in medium Earth orbit (MEO). This multiplicity of satellites will provide path diversity that will be helpful for users in urban areas. In addition, each satellite will broadcast signals on three civil frequencies, so frequency diversity will become available to civil users over the next decade. In this paper, we explore orbital diversity by adding satellites in low earth orbit (LEO) to the GNSS. The MEO satellites, described above, have altitudes of approximately 20,000 km, while LEO satellites have much lower altitudes of 1000 km or so. By virtue of this low altitude, the LEO satellites will have much higher signal powers than the MEO satellites, and they will sweep across the user’s sky more quickly. On the other hand, we cannot build a reasonably priced navigation system based on LEO satellites alone - too many would be required. Thus, this paper explores the combination of MEO and LEO. When combined with MEO satellites, the LEO orbit provide benefits that cannot be provided with any number of satellites in MEO. This paper substantiates this view based on first principals.
In vivo administration of purified human interleukin-2 to patients with cancer: development of interleukin-2 receptor positive cells and circulating soluble interleukin-2 receptors following interleukin-2 administration. (1987)

Recent studies have demonstrated efficacy of immunotherapies including interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the treatment of malignancies in rodents and humans. High levels of IL-2 receptor-positive cells were found in the peripheral blood of patients receiving recombinant IL-2 in these Phase I clinical trials. This was demonstrated both in patients receiving i.v. IL-2 who had detectable circulating levels of IL-2 as well as in patients receiving i.p. IL-2 who did not. Up to 100% of the anti-Tac binding could be inhibited by preincubation with IL-2 indicating that this was indeed an IL-2 receptor that was identified. Two-color experiments demonstrated that few Leu 2-positive cells (less than 5-10%) but over 30% of the Leu 3-positive cells bore Tac antigen. Most of the M3-positive monocytes were Tac positive (83.7%) and negative for other T-cell (Leu-4) and nonspecific murine markers (Lyt-2 and Thy 1.2). Although normal individuals had a mean of only 186 units/ml (range, 83-335 units/ml) of soluble IL-2 receptor, patients receiving IL-2 had as much as 20,000 units/ml of soluble IL-2 receptor line in their serum. The physiological role of the IL-2 receptor identified on the cell surface of Leu 3 and M3-positive cells as well as in the serum is unclear. Soluble IL-2 receptors appeared in the circulation early following IL-2 administration, approximately 1 week prior to the detection of circulating IL-2 receptor-bearing cells. Further studies will be needed to assess the role of IL-2 in monocyte function, the precise function of IL-2 receptor-bearing Leu 3-positive cells, and the relationship of these findings to the toxicity and success of this immunotherapy in humans.
Grain Boundary Segregation of Phosphorus, Boron and Manganese in High Tensile Strength Steel Sheet (1996)

Grain boundary segregation of Si, Mn, P and B was investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) in high tensile strength extra low C interstitial atom free steel sheet containing up to 0.7 mass% Si, 3 mass% Mn, 0.18 mass% P and 30 mass ppm B after annealing at 1153K. AES measurements were done for specimens cut from cup–shaped drawn sheets in order to induce intergranular fracture and fractured by impact at about 153K. The segregation of Si and Mn was evaluated from their Auger peaks separated from overlap with the Fe peak by the Linear Least Square fitting method referring to pure materials. Mn, P and B segregate at the grain boundary, while segregation of Si is not recognized. The grain boundary concentration of P decreases as that of B increases, indicating a site competition between the elements similar to that in extra low C steel sheet doped with P and B. The grain boundary concentration of Mn increases with increases in the bulk concentration of Mn, while that of P and B shows no appreciable relationship with the bulk concentration of Mn, probably due to differences in segregation sites at the grain boundary between these elements and Mn. The ductile–brittle transition temperature in secondary working has a linear relationship with the grain boundary concentration difference of (Mn+P−B). It is concluded that the segregation of P and Mn degrades secondary working embrittlement of the steel sheet, while segregation of B improves it.
Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Complexes with Mesoionic 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazolylidene Ligands (2016)

The synthesis and characterization of eight unprecedented phosphorescent C^C* cyclometalated mesoionic aryl-1,2,3-triazolylidene platinum(II) complexes with different β-diketonate ligands are reported. All compounds proved to be strongly emissive at room temperature in poly(methyl methacrylate) films with an emitter concentration of 2 wt %. The observed photoluminescence properties were strongly dependent on the substitution on the aryl system and the β-diketonate ligand. Compared to acetylacetonate, the β-diketonates with aromatic substituents (mesityl and duryl) were found to significantly enhance the quantum yield while simultaneously reducing the emission lifetimes. Characterization was carried out by standard techniques, as well as solid-state structure determination, which confirmed the binding mode of the carbene ligand. DFT calculations, carried out to predict the emission wavelength with maximum intensity, were in excellent agreement with the (later) obtained experimental data.
Structural Basis for a Bimodal Allosteric Mechanism of General Anesthetic Modulation in Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (2018)

Ion channel modulation by general anesthetics is a vital pharmacological process with implications for receptor biophysics and drug development. Functional studies have implicated conserved sites of both potentiation and inhibition in pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, but a detailed structural mechanism for these bimodal effects is lacking. The prokaryotic model protein GLIC recapitulates anesthetic modulation of human ion channels, and it is accessible to structure determination in both apparent open and closed states. Here, we report ten X-ray structures and electrophysiological characterization of GLIC variants in the presence and absence of general anesthetics, including the surgical agent propofol. We show that general anesthetics can allosterically favor closed channels by binding in the pore or favor open channels via various subsites in the transmembrane domain. Our results support an integrated, multi-site mechanism for allosteric modulation, and they provide atomic details of both potentiation and inhibition by one of the most common general anesthetics.
High‐speed broadband Fourier‐transform coherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering spectral microscopy (2019)

Abstract We demonstrate broadband Fourier‐transform coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (FT‐CARS) spectral microscopy with a pixel dwell time of 42 μs, which is ~50 times shorter than the shortest‐to‐date pixel dwell time for CARS spectral microscopy. Our broadband FT‐CARS spectral microscope is composed of an FT‐CARS spectrometer, a rapid galvanometric scanner, and a high‐speed image acquisition circuit, enabling a frame rate of 2.4 fps with a pixel resolution of 100 × 100 pixels, a bandwidth of 600–1,200 cm −1 , a spatial resolution of 0.95 μm, and a spectral resolution of 37 cm −1 . As a proof‐of‐principle demonstration, we used the high‐speed FT‐CARS spectral microscope to perform CARS imaging of polymer beads and Haematococcus lacustris cells. Our high‐speed broadband CARS spectral microscope holds promise for studying rapid cellular dynamics, such as signaling, cell‐to‐cell communication, and molecular transport in a label‐free manner.
Kelvin spray ionization (2013)

A novel self-powered dual spray ionization source has been developed for applications in mass spectrometry. This new source does not use any power supply and produces both positive and negative ions simultaneously. The idea behind this ionization source comes from the Kelvin water dropper. The source employs one or two syringes, two pneumatic sprays operated over a range of flow rates (0.15-15 μL min(-1)) and gas pressures (0-150 psi), and two double layered metal screens for ion formation. A variable electrostatic potential from 0 to 4 kV can be produced depending on solvent and gas flow rates that allow gentle ionization of compounds. There are several parameters that affect the performance during ionization of molecules including the flow rate of solvent, gas pressure, solvent acidity, position of spray and metal screens with respect to each other and distance between metal screens and the counter electrode. This ionization method has been successfully applied to solutions of peptides, proteins and non-covalent complexes. In comparison with ESI, the charge number of the most populated state is lower than that from ESI. It indicates that this is a softer ionization technique and it produces more protein ions with folded structures. The unique features of Kelvin spray ionization (KeSI) are that the method is self-powered and ionization occurs at very low potentials by providing very low internal energy to the ions. This advantage can be used for the ionization of very fragile molecules and investigation of non-covalent interactions.
Front Cover: Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent (ChemSusChem 15/2022) (2022)

The Front Cover shows tree trunks as potential sources of lignin, an underutilized industrial feedstock, which can undergo reductive electrochemical depolymerization. By using levulinic acid as solvent, which can be obtained via hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass or paper waste, and a cheap and abundant metal as the electrocatalyst, such as copper, this method provides a straightforward way to depolymerize lignin. Thus, a wide variety of lignin-derived aromatic monomers and dimers can be obtained by relying on sustainable and biobased materials. More information can be found in the Research Article by M. G. A. da Cruz et al.
UBE2C cell-free RNA in urine can discriminate between bladder cancer and hematuria (2016)

The levels of urinary UBE2C cell-free RNA were significantly higher in BC samples than in normal and hematuria control samples. The higher levels of urinary UBE2C cell-free RNA in BC might reflect high expression in BC tissues. Therefore, urinary UBE2C cell-free RNA may be a valuable diagnostic marker for BC.
[Involvement of interleukin-4, and -13 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases]. (2001)

Allergic diseases are immunologic disorders in which various kinds of cells and many mediators are involved. Among them, the importance of interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-13 has recently emerged, based on the analyses of cytokine expression profiles in lesions, model mice, genetic factors, and responses to newly developed reagents. It is known that IL-4 and IL-13 are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, particularly bronchial asthma, by inducing class switching in B cells and expansion of Th2-type cells. However, IL-4 and IL-13 have a pivotal role in causing bronchial asthma by acting directly on bronchial tissues. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL-13 gene is genetically correlated with bronchial asthma. These analyses provide new information for developing better methods of diagnosing and treating bronchial asthma.
Nation-Building is an Oxymoron (2016)

Nations are not built. They form almost imperceptibly from within over long spans of historical time. Since the end of World War II, no country that was not a nation has ever won a counterinsurgency or suppressed a civil war. Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency is wrong because it is premised on the false assumption that support for an existing government can be increased during a civil war/ insurgency as a result of the counterinsurgents' actions. There is no historical evidence to support this assumption.
Electronic Control of Nonlinear Polarization Evolution Modelocking in a Fiber Laser (2017)

We present a method for accessing all possible polarization states in a fiber oscillator allowing complete control of nonlinear polarization evolution using just four variable liquid crystal elements. We show automatic discovery of modelocking states as well as correction for environmental perturbations using an all-normal dispersion oscillator.