gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NO‐dependent up‐regulation of antioxidant genes protects oxidative myofibers from cachectic stimuli in mice (2008)

Oxidative skeletal muscles are more resistant than glycolytic muscles to cachexia caused by chronic heart failure and other chronic diseases. The molecular mechanism for the protection associated with oxidative phenotype remains elusive. We hypothesized that differential regulation of antioxidant gene expression accounts for the fiber type susceptibility. Here, we show that intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) resulted in higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and greater expression of muscle‐specific E3 ubiqitin ligases, muscle atrophy F‐box ( MAFbx )/ atrogin‐1 and muscle RING finger‐1 ( MuRF1 ), in mouse glycolytic white vastus lateralis muscle than in oxidative soleus muscle. By contrast, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and antioxidant gene expression were greatly enhanced in oxidative, but not in glycolytic muscles, suggesting that NO mediates protection against muscle wasting. NO donors enhanced iNos and antioxidant gene expression and blocked cytokine/endotoxin‐induced MAFbx / atrogin‐1 expression in cultured myoblasts and in skeletal muscle in vivo . Our studies reveal a novel protective mechanism in oxidative myofibers mediated by enhanced iNos and antioxidant gene expression and significant value of enhanced NO signaling as a new therapeutic strategy for cachexia.
Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Polyfluorenes Incorporating Side-Chain-Tethered Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Units (2005)

Using Suzuki polycondensation, we have synthesized polyhedral silsesquioxane-tethered polyfluorene copolymers, poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-9,9'-bis[4-(N,N-dipolysilsesquioxane)aminophenyl]fluorene) (PFO–POSS), that have well-defined architectures. This particular PFO–POSS molecular architecture increases the quantum yield of polyfluorene significantly by reducing the degree of interchain aggregation; in addition, these copolymers exhibit a purer and stronger blue light by preventing the formation of keto defects.
Inhibition of infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus by a novel nucleoside, oxetanocin, and related compounds (1989)

Oxetanocin is a novel nucleoside containing a 4-membered sugar, oxetanosyl-N-glycoside, and adenine. The effects of oxetanocin and related compounds on the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were examined. They inhibited HIV infectivity in vitro. Allopurinol and mycophenolic acid produced additive anti-HIV effects when added with these compounds.
CONTROL OF TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION IN PROKARYOTES (1996)

A growing number of genetic systems have been shown to be controlled at the level of premature termination of transcription. Genes in this class contain transcription termination signals in the region upstream of the coding sequence. The activity of these regulatory termination signals is controlled through a variety of mechanisms. These include modification of RNA polymerase to a terminator-resistant, or terminator-prone form, and alterations in the structure of the nascent transcript, to determine whether the stem-loop structure of an intrinsic terminator or an alternate antiterminator is formed. Structural alterations in the transcript can be controlled by the kinetics of translation of the RNA, by binding of specific regulatory proteins, and by mRNA-tRNA interactions. This review describes a number of variations on the termination control theme that have been uncovered in prokaryotes.
Ceramide kinase regulates phospholipase C and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5, bisphosphate in phototransduction (2009)

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is a central effector for many biological responses regulated by G-protein-coupled receptors including Drosophila phototransduction where light sensitive channels are activated downstream of NORPA, a PLCbeta homolog. Here we show that the sphingolipid biosynthetic enzyme, ceramide kinase, is a novel regulator of PLC signaling and photoreceptor homeostasis. A mutation in ceramide kinase specifically leads to proteolysis of NORPA, consequent loss of PLC activity, and failure in light signal transduction. The mutant photoreceptors also undergo activity-dependent degeneration. Furthermore, we show that a significant increase in ceramide, resulting from lack of ceramide kinase, perturbs the membrane microenvironment of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5, bisphosphate (PIP(2)), altering its distribution. Fluorescence image correlation spectroscopic studies on model membranes suggest that an increase in ceramide decreases clustering of PIP(2) and its partitioning into ordered membrane domains. Thus ceramide kinase-mediated maintenance of ceramide level is important for the local regulation of PIP(2) and PLC during phototransduction.
A theoretical study of the solvation of oxygen in water (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA theoretical study of the solvation of oxygen in waterL. A. Curtiss and C. A. MelendresCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 7, 1325–1329Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150651a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j150651a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Influence of the Recycling Process on the Fire‐Retardant Properties of PP/EPR Blends (2011)

Abstract The fire‐retardant properties of a recycled poly(propylene)‐based material were investigated and compared to the non‐recycled formulation. An intrinsic intumescent system and zinc borate were used to flame‐retard these polymers. By mass loss calorimetry, the best results were obtained with 20 wt.‐% of additives. Synergisms between AP765 and ZB were observed in the non‐recycled blends but not in the recycled ones. Solid‐state NMR showed that chemical reactions during the decomposition process were leading to the formation of borophosphates, reinforcing the efficiency of the intumescent char. From a ‘physical’ point of view, it was shown that the fire retardant properties of the materials are related to the formation speed of the intumescent structure and not on the char thickness. magnified image
Low-energy electron-diffraction crystallographic determination for the Cu(110)2×1-O surface structure (1990)

A multiple-scattering analysis of low-energy electron-diffraction intensities has been made for the Cu(110)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1-O surface structure, a system for which different techniques have recently been providing very different conclusions regarding both the nature of the reconstruction of the copper structure and the height that the O atoms are held above (or below) the topmost Cu layer. The analysis here used nine diffracted beams at normal incidence, and it confirms the missing-row model for this surface. We find that the O atoms are held around 0.04 \AA{} above the Cu atoms, while the first-to-second and second-to-third Cu-Cu interlayer spacings are expanded by 16% and contracted by 5% respectively from the bulk value. There is a vertical buckling in the third Cu layer by about 0.07 \AA{}, and a possibly slight lateral relaxation (magnitude 0.03 \AA{}) in the second copper layer.
More on Proofs of Knowledge. (1998)

The notion of proofs of knowledge is central to cryptographhic protocols, and many definitions for it have been proposed. In this work we explore a different facet of this notion, not addressed by prior definitions. Specifically, prior definitions concentrate on capturing the properties of the verifier, and do not pay much attention to the properties of the prover. Our new definition is strictly stronger than previous ones, and captures new and desirable properies. In particular, it guarantees prover feasibility, that is, it guarantees that the time spent by the prover in a proof of knowledge is comparable to that it spends in an "extraction" of this knowledge. Our definition also enables one to consider meaningfully the case of a single, specific prover.
Understanding Morphology and Proton Transport in Sulfonated Poly(Phenylenes) (2018)

Cheap and efficient ion conducting separators are needed to improve efficiency and lifetime in fuel cells, batteries, and electrolyzers. Current state-of-the-art polymeric separators are made from Nafion, which is too expensive to be competitive with other technologies. Sandia has developed unique polymer separators that have lower cost and equivalent or superior ion transport compared to Nafion. These membranes consist of sulfonated Diels-Alder poly(phenylene) (SDAPP), a completely hydrocarbon polymer that conducts protons when hydrated. SDAPP membranes are thermally and chemically robust, with conductivities rivaling those of Nafion at high sulfonation levels. However, rational design of new separators requires molecular-level knowledge, currently unknown, of how polymer morphology affects transport. Here we describe the use of multiple computational and experimental techniques to understand the nanoscale morphology and water/proton transport properties in a series of sulfonated SDAPP membranes over a wide range of temperature, hydration, and sulfonation conditions.
Electrical measurement of submicrometer contact holes (1989)

A technique to measure submicrometer-sized isolated features electrically is described. P.M. Hall's formula (1967-8) modified with an experimentally determined coefficient is used to obtain the hole diameter and the hole area from the electrically measured linewidth with a higher precision than the precision of the linewidth itself. By incorporating a large number of features in a single test structure, a gain in precision of better than 3 nm is shown analytically. The contact hole diameter and the area of the isolated features obtained in this way, were found to be accurate when compared with physical measurements using a scanning electron microscope. The test pattern used is a combination of two basic four-point probe linewidth-measuring structures and two modified ones. The modified structures contain a large number of contact holes in the 10- mu m lines running in the horizontal and vertical directions, which reduce the apparent electrical linewidth. Subtracting the reduced linewidth from that of a solid reference line removes the other contributions to linewidth variation. The size of the contact holes can then be derived from these results. The special test pattern, an analytic expression for interpretation of the results, and hole size data from a variety of exposure dosages are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays fabricated by nonplanar wafer bonding (2003)

A dual-wavelength 1550 nm and 1530 nm VCSEL array is fabricated using two separate and distinct active regions integrated on a common mirror by nonplanar wafer bonding.
Two novel mutations of SCN9A (Nav1.7) are associated with partial congenital insensitivity to pain (2010)

Insensitivity to pain is a rare disorder that is commonly associated with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies (HSAN I-V) resulting often in autonomic dysfunction and premature death. Very few individuals have been reported with pain insensitivity lacking such autonomic neuropathies. We performed genetic, neurologic, psychological, and psychophysical evaluations in such an individual (OMIM 243000) and her first degree relatives. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA revealed two novel SCN9A mutations in this index case (IC). One was a non-conservative missense mutation (C1719R) in exon 26 present only in the IC and one parent. Further sequence analysis of the child's DNA revealed a 1-bp splice donor deletion in intron 17 which was also present in the other parent and one sibling. Detailed psychophysical testing was used to phenotypically characterize the IC, her family members, and 10 matched normal controls. Similar to family members and controls the IC showed normal somatosensory functioning for non-nociceptive mechanoreception and warmth. However, she demonstrated diminished ability to detect cool temperatures combined with profound deficits in heat and mechanical nociception. Congenital insensitivity to pain in our IC was associated with two novel SCN9A mutations which most likely resulted in a Nav1.7 channelopathy. However, in contrast to individuals with other SCN9A mutations, the observed pain insensitivity was relative and not absolute, which may be consistent with hypomorphic effects of one or both mutations. The ability to sense at least some danger signals may be advantageous and ameliorate the otherwise increased morbidity and mortality of some individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain.
Contrast enhanced ultrasound by real-time spatiotemporal filtering of ultrafast images (2016)

Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) takes advantage of the nonlinear behaviour of injected microbubbles. If these contrast techniques yield good specificity between bubbles and tissues, they suffer some drawbacks, inherently linked to their dependence on nonlinear content. In recent years, plane-wave ultrasound reached frame rates of up to 20 000 fps. In this study we propose a linear technique for CEUS that takes advantage of these very high frame rates to separate bubbles from tissue without requiring nonlinearities. Data-driven spatiotemporal filtering operations are used to separate different features in the image on the basis of coherence both in space and time. Such filter recently proved to improve Doppler sensitivity (Demene et al 2015 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 34 2271-85). In contrast with bubbles, even slow moving ones, tissues are highly coherent both in space and time. Therefore, singular value decomposition (SVD) seems to be a powerful tool for the separation of contrast agents and tissues. In this paper, we apply SVD processing to linear ultrafast ultrasound images for CEUS Doppler. The contrast levels reached by this technique were compared to those of a nonlinear gold standard sequence (PMPI Doppler) through a flow phantom study. The SVD technique reached contrast-to-tissue ratios (CTR) up to 10 dB higher in vitro, and proved to be robust in terms of probe motion and slow flow. A trial was also conducted on a transplanted human kidney, already imaged by means of power Doppler (Claudon et al 1999 Am. J. Roentgenol. 173 41-6) and microbubbles (Kay et al 2009 Clin. Radiol. 64 1081-7). Contrast levels yielded by the SVD technique measured up to 13 dB higher than those of PMPI Doppler.
Uplink Scheduling In Multi-Cell OFDMA Networks With and Without Coordination (2019)

In cellular networks, a local uplink scheduler cannot compute good estimates of the inter-cell interference even with exact channel state information (CSI). Losses (due to decoding errors) will hence frequently occur. The maximum achievable performance (MAP) can only be achieved when all the cells are scheduled simultaneously centrally so as to manage interference and power optimally. In this paper, we focus on the performance of a practical system with local schedulers (i.e., each cell is scheduled independently) and compare it to MAP. We also study how to improve the performance of practical systems when a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is present, with simple coordination schemes. To this end, to compute MAP, we first formulate an offline system-wide scheduling problem and transform it into a more tractable signomial problem that we solve quasi-optimally using an iterative algorithm. Since this problem requires all the channel information in the system and it has a high computational complexity, it is not suitable for a real-time system. Then, we show that a practical system using an efficient local scheduler (in each cell) yields a much lower performance than MAP. To decrease this performance gap, in a system with a C-RAN, we propose a very simple and fast scheme to coordinate the scheduling in all cells and show that it improves the performance significantly (in terms of throughput and losses) even when only partial CSI is available.
Cross-Protection Conferred by Filovirus Virus-Like Particles Containing Trimeric Hybrid Glycoprotein (2014)

Filoviruses are causative agents of hemorrhagic fever, and to date no effective vaccine or therapeutic has been approved to combat infection. Filovirus glycoprotein (GP) is the critical immunogenic component of filovirus vaccines, eliciting high levels of antibody after successful vaccination. Previous work has shown that protection against both Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) can be achieved by vaccinating with a mixture of virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing either EBOV GP or MARV GP. In this study, the potential for eliciting effective immune responses against EBOV, Sudan virus, and MARV with a single GP construct was tested. Trimeric hybrid GPs were produced that expressed the sequence of Marburg GP2 in conjunction with a hybrid GP1 composed EBOV and Sudan virus GP sequences. VLPs expressing these constructs, along with EBOV VP40, provided comparable protection against MARV challenge, resulting in 75 or 100% protection. Protection from EBOV challenge differed depending upon the hybrid used, however, with one conferring 75% protection and one conferring no protection. By comparing the overall antibody titers and the neutralizing antibody titers specific for each virus, it is shown that higher antibody responses were elicited by the C terminal region of GP1 than by the N terminal region, and this correlated with protection. These data collectively suggest that GP2 and the C terminal region of GP1 are highly immunogenic, and they advance progress toward the development of a pan-filovirus vaccine.
Gene expression profiling of two related maize inbred lines with contrasting root‐lodging traits (2001)

To assist breeding for increased resistance to root lodging in maize, an attempt was made to identify genes that are associated with root lodging by profiling mRNA expression from two inbreds with contrasting root‐related traits. These two inbreds were derived from a common F 2 pool, selfed for several generations and showed 75% relatedness based on 106 genetic markers. Under field conditions, the two inbreds exhibited significant differences in root morphology and resistance to root lodging. Whole root tissue was collected at two developmental stages from inbred 100 and 101 grown in 2 years. RNA was isolated from both the V8 and V12 stages, a few weeks prior to flowering. The RNA samples from the 1997 growing season were analysed by GeneCalling analysis, an open‐ended mRNA profiling method. From over 13 500 cDNA fragments detected from each of the V8‐ and V12‐stage samples, 229 and 325 cDNA fragments, respectively, showed greater than 2‐fold differences between the two inbred lines. A total of 69 cDNA fragments that showed 2‐fold or greater differences for both inbred lines were observed at both developmental stages. The gene identity and expression differences of several cDNA fragments were determined and confirmed by RNA gel blot analysis. Two genes out of five identified were homologous to a cytochrome P450 and the impedance‐induced protein, both showing high levels of expression in the roots of lodging resistant lines and low levels in the sensitive lines. These data provide the first clues of genes expressed in the roots during the formative stages of root development associated with root‐lodging resistance.
Growth of Animal Cells in Culture (2000)

The study reported in this article explores the role child welfare workers play in elevating the financial capability (FC) of foster youths transitioning to adulthood. It draws on an examination of Opportunity Passport, a component of the Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative, which operates across the United States. The authors held in-depth, structured interviews with eight staff and 38 current and former foster youths age 18 years and older in four sites across three states. Findings indicate that (a) program participants require professional financial assistance that is beyond the role of the traditional child welfare caseworker; (b) caseworkers who address FC in young adults face uncertainty in their roles; and (c) broader policies relevant to young adults transitioning to adulthood exhibit tension, if not conflict, regarding enhancing FC. The authors highlight the importance of expanding the role of caseworkers to incorporate elements of FC in serving the needs of foster youths.
Mononuclear cells release low molecular weight factors with anti-cancer activity: A lower level of production by cells of cancer patients. (1998)

Following the clinical observations that tumor metastases are extremely rare in striated muscles we defined recently a low molecular weight factor which is released by muscle cells (muscle factor, MF) and possesses specific anti-proliferative activity against tumor cells. we demonstrate that peripheral blood mononuclear cells constitutively release low molecular weight factor (LMF) similar to the MF which is capable of inhibiting in vitro the proliferation of carcinoma, melanoma, leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. The proliferation of normal cells such as bone marrow or fibroblasts was not inhibited but slightly stimulated following incubation with the LMF. Biochemical purification of this factor by several HPLC steps revealed that the inhibitory activity against tumor cells was concentrated within two definitive peaks. The LMF affects tumor cell growth by arresting them in the G0/G1 of the cell cycle and its activity is species and tumor non-specific. In vivo studies in melanoma- bearing mice revealed that the LMF inhibited melanoma growth when given either intraperitoneally or orally. Mononuclear cells from cancer patients with different malignancies (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, malignant melanoma, colon carcinoma and carcinoma of the rectum) secreted lower level of LMF in comparison to healthy subjects. The capability of the LMF to inhibit tumor cell growth and promote normal cell proliferation combined with its bioavailability in vivo may lead to its potential therapeutic and diagnostic use.