gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in High Oxidation State Mo and W Imido Alkylidene Chemistry (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surfactant coated aerosol powders and their properties (1984)

The hygroscopic growth of aerosols is an important factor effecting particle size. The consequence of the hygroscopic growth of pharrnaceutical aerosols is a change in their deposition characteristics, such that there is an increase in the total amount deposited in the lung. In this study the hygroscopic growth of disodium fluorescein (DF) aerosol powders was investigated by coating the powders with lauric and capric acids. The coating procedure was carried out in dichloromethane and chloroform, which acted as cosolvents for the fatty acids. An assessment of the extent and the nature of the coating was carried out. The qualitative assessment of the coating was achieved by infra-red spectroscopy, electronscanning chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The quantitative analysis was carried out by differential refractometry, ultra-violet spectroscopy and gas liquid chromatography. These powders were generated under conditions approaching those in the lung, of 97 % relative humidity and 37"C. Coated and uncoated DF aerosol powders were introduced into a controlled temperature and relative humidity apparatus, designed and constructed for the investigation of hygroscopic growth in these studies. A vertical spinning disc device was used to generate the powders. Under conditions of controlled temperature and relative humidity mentioned, the growth ratio of disodium fluorescein alone was 1.45 compared with 1.68, for a nominal coating of DF with lauric acid of 0.12 gg-1, 1.0 for a nominal lauric acid coating of 0.2 gg-1, and 1.02 for a nominal capric acid coating of 0.18 gg-1. The range of control of hygroscopic growth of these aerosols has implications for the deposition of these preparations in the respiratory tract. These implications are discussed in the light of the current knowledge of the effects of hygroscopic growth on the deposition of pharmaceutical and environmental aerosols. A series of experiments in which pulmonary ventilation using a simple radioaerosol generator and delivery system are reported showing that particle size determination may be used to aid the design of diagnostic aerosol generators.
Rethinking Lupus Nephritis Classification on a Molecular Level (2019)

The International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) lupus nephritis (LN) classification is under reconsideration, given challenges with inter-rater reliability and resultant inconsistent relationship with treatment response. Integration of molecular classifiers into histologic evaluation can improve diagnostic precision and identify therapeutic targets. This study described the relationship between histological and molecular phenotypes and clinical responses in LN. Renal compartmental mRNA abundance was measured in 54 biopsy specimens from LN patients and correlated to ISN/RPS classification and individual histologic lesions. A subset of transcripts was also evaluated in sequential biopsies of a separate longitudinal cohort of 36 patients with paired samples obtained at the time of flare and at follow up. Unsupervised clustering based on mRNA abundance did not demonstrate a relationship with the (ISN/RPS) classification, nor did univariate statistical analysis. Exploratory analyses suggested a correlation with individual histologic lesions. Glomerular FN1 (fibronectin), SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), and LGALS3 (galectin 3) abundance correlated with disease activity and changed following treatment. Exploratory analyses suggested relationships between specific transcripts and individual histologic lesions, with the important representation of interferon-regulated genes. Our findings suggested that the current LN classification could be refined by the inclusion of molecular descriptors. Combining molecular and pathologic kidney biopsy phenotypes may hold promise to better classify disease and identify actionable treatment targets and merits further exploration in larger cohorts.
A New EPS Control Strategy to Improve Steering Wheel Returnability (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper proposes a new Electric Power Steering (EPS) control strategy that enables improvement to steering-wheel returnability. Using a conventional EPS controller, frictional loss torque in the steering mechanism reduces steering-wheel returnability, which drivers occasionally perceive as unpleasant. This phenomena occurs in any EPS system regardless of motor type or mounting location. To improve steering-wheel returnability for EPS-equipped vehicles, we developed a new control strategy based on estimation of alignment torque generated by tires and road surfaces. This proposed control strategy requires no supplemental sensors like steering-wheel angle or motor-angle sensors. We experimented with this proposed control algorithm using a test vehicle and confirmed that it enables improved steering wheel returnability and also better on-center feeling.&lt;/div&gt;
Outcome of Patients Treated With Porous Tantalum Acetabular Implants for Neoplastic Periacetabular Lesions (2019)

In patients with periacetabular metastatic diseases and hematologic malignancies treated with total hip arthroplasty, a highly porous tantalum revision-type shell fixed with multiple screws, and supplemental support with acetabular augments or cup-cage reinforcement, can successfully provide patients with a stable, well-fixed, and durable construct, with no cases of mechanical failure at mid-term follow-up.
<title>Modeling and error identification on three-dimensional tomosynthetic reconstructions</title> (2000)

The advent of large (40 cm X 40 cm) flat panel x-ray detection devices has ushered in a new era of synthetically generating tomographic image sets for many diagnostic applications. Tomosynthetic image sets correspond to focal planes passing through an imaged object and are commonly generated by algebraically reconstructing (backprojecting) a set of two-dimensional (2D) projections. Tomosynthetic image sets typically contain a significant amount of cross-sectional blur. This paper describes a system for modeling the tomosynthesis process and proposes a methodology for quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating erroneous intensity values in reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) tomosynthetic image sets.
S1039 Tofacitinib-Associated Adverse Vascular Events Reported to the Federal Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database (2022)

Introduction: Tofacitinib, an intracellular tyrosine kinase (Jak-Kinase) inhibitor, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In 2019, the FDA released a safety alert for the risk of blood clots and death in patients receiving tofacitinib. In 2021, Black Box Warnings were issued for low dose (5mg BID) and high dose (10mg BID) tofacitinib, for increased risk of serious heart-related adverse events (AEs) and cancer. Methods: FAERS is a database of voluntarily reported AEs used for post-marketing surveillance of medications. 8,863,077 FAERS reports from January 2018 to September 2021 were examined. Of these, there were 84,225 reports of tofacitinib-related AEs. Using MeDRA terminology, reports of cardiovascular (CV) AEs emphasized in recent black box warnings (Pulmonary Embolism, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Cerebral Thrombosis, Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, and Cerebral Vascular Occlusion) were reviewed. There were 650 CV AEs reported in the study period. Demographics, cumulative dosage, indications for drug use, outcomes, reactions, and reporter trends were analyzed. Reporter odds ratio (ROR) for all reporting groups (physicians, lawyers, community, pharmacists, etc.) were calculated. ROR >1 indicates interference in reporting. Results: The most common indication for tofacitinib was RA 43,386 (52%) of reports. Hospitalization occurred in 10,182/84,225 (12.0%) of reports. There were 3,856 (5%) reports when tofacitinib was indicated for UC. 42,671 (51%) of AEs occurred in subjects 36-64 years old. Females represented 65,806 (78%) of reports. Physicians were 13% of reporters while consumers accounted for 59% of reporters, (ROR = 1.52; 95%; CI = 1.49-1.54). CV specific AEs concerning Tofacitinib accounted for 650/84,225 (0.77%) of reports. Lawyer reporting demonstrated a sharp rise in 2021. Lawyer reports accounted for 70/170 (41%) CV AEs in 2021(ROR = 942; 95%; CI = 505-1757). Conclusion: Interference of the reporting of tofacitinib-related CV AEs to FAERS appears to be occurring, initially by excess consumer reporting and more recently by lawyers. The effect of reporting bias on the use of tofacitinib in the clinical setting requires further investigation.Figure 1.: Tofacitinib Cardiovascular AEs by Reporter Type
Treatment of a Stiff Shoulder after Posterior Capsulorrhaphy. A Report of Three Cases* (1996)

WARNER, JON J. P. M.D.†, PITTSBURGH; IANNOTTI, JOSEPH P. M.D., PH.D.‡, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Author Information
Changes in protein composition of meiotic nodules during mammalian meiosis (1998)

Homologous chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination are facilitated by several meiosis-specific structures: the synaptonemal complex (SC), and two types of meiotic nodules: (1) early meiotic nodules (MNs), also called zygotene nodules or early recombination nodules, and (2) late recombination nodules (RNs). The former are thought to be nucleoprotein complexes involved in the check for homology preceding, or accompanying synapsis, while the latter have been shown to be involved in reciprocal recombination. We have examined by immunocytochemistry the meiotic localization of a series of proteins at sites along the asynapsed axial elements prior to homologous synapsis and at sites along the SCs following synapsis. Several of the proteins examined have been implicated in repair/recombination and include RAD51, a mammalian homolog of the Escherichia coli RecA protein; Replication Protein-A (RPA), a single-strand DNA binding protein; and MLH1, a mismatch repair protein which is a homolog of the E. coli MutL protein. In addition two proteins were examined that have been implicated in meiotic checkpoints: ATM, the protein mutated in the human disease Ataxia Telangiectasia, and ATR, another member of the same family of PIK kinases. We present evidence that these proteins are all components of meiotic nodules and document changes in protein composition of these structures during zygonema and pachynema of meiotic prophase in mouse spermatocytes. These studies support the supposition that a subset of MNs are converted into RNs. However, our data also demonstrate changes in protein composition within the context of early MNs, suggesting a differentiation of these nodules during the process of synapsis. The same changes in protein composition occurred on both the normal X axis, which has no homologous pairing partner in spermatocytes, and on the axes of aberrant chromosomes that nonhomologously synapse during synaptic adjustment. These findings suggest that DNA sequences associated with MNs still must undergo an obligatory processing, even in the absence of interactions between homologous chromosomes.
Negative slope dispersion compensating fibers (2003)

Two types of DC fibers are presented. The first is an improved high figure of merit (267) negative slope dispersion-compensating fiber intended for DC modules. Also presented is a type II DC fiber intended for field deployment that leads to total broadband dispersion compensation.
Microcatheters for Continuous Spinal Anesthesia (1990)

Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02215
Teaching a standardized reporting system for SSTR-PET/CT - measuring the motivation, level of confidence and rate of clinical implementation of SSTR-RADS 1.0 (2020)

302 Objectives: Recent years have witnessed the increased use of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-PET/CT for neuroendocrine tumors. In analogy to other established reporting and data systems (RADS) in a large variety of radiology disciplines, a standardized framework system for SSTR-PET/CT, termed SSTR-RADS has been proposed. However, little is known on the motivational beliefs in learning such a system, whether it increases reader’s confidence or its implementation in clinical routine. Methods: A three-day teaching course on SSTR-directed molecular imaging and therapy for 22 radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians in training with special focus on SSTR-RADS was conducted. The course included interactive hands-on session applying SSTR-RADS to a real-world scenario. The participants responded to self-report questionnaires based on the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaires (MSLQ). A set of 3 questionnaires were handed out prior to the course (Q1), directly thereafter (Q2) and after a 3-months follow-up (Q3). A total of 12 items, which were rated on a 4-point likert skale, adressed the following categories: (1) level of uncertainty of participants to read SSTR-PET/CTs (including the motivation to learn a standardized system), (2) change in reader’s confidence while applying a standardized framework and (3) actual rate of implementation of SSTR-RADS in clinical routine. Results: Q1 and Q2 were returned by all participants. The majority of participants had Conclusions: Physicians in training benefit from a standardized framework system for SSTR-PET reading. Thus, like in other imaging contexts, standardized reporting may become more routinely implemented for interpreting SSTR-PET/CTs.
Itinerant to localized electronic transition inSr2FeMo1−xWxO6 (2001)

Structural, transport, and magnetic measurements on the system ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeMo}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{W}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ $(0&lt;~x&lt;~1)$ have been used to monitor the transition from itinerant-electron ferromagnetism in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeMoO}}_{6}$ to localized-electron antiferromagnetism in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeWO}}_{6}.$ An anomalous expansion of the cell volume with increasing x reflects the progressive localization of the minority-spin electrons. The percolation threshold for itinerant ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ electrons occurs in the interval $0.75&lt;x&lt;0.85,$ and compositions in the range $0.8&lt;x&lt;1.0$ exhibit spin-glass behavior. For $x&lt;~0.5,$ antiferromagnetic coupling across antiphase boundaries produces an M-H hysteresis loop that, although having a low remanence and coercivity, nevertheless saturates by 10 kOe. A peculiar field dependence of the Weiss constant of the paramagnetic molar susceptibility disappears for $x&gt;~0.25.$ Transport and structural data are consistent with a relative stabilization of the ${d}_{\mathrm{xy}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ band relative to the ${d}_{\mathrm{yz}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\mathrm{izx}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ bands at lower temperatures and higher values of x.
The Spatiotemporal Organization of the Striatum Encodes Action Space (2017)

(Neuron 95, 1171–1180; August 30, 2017) We corrected two small changes in the final version of the paper that refer to cited papers in the reference list. The wording in the original version of the text unfortunately changed the attribution of the cited work and altered the context of their discussion. The revised text in reference to those citations is now corrected in the online version of the paper. The authors regret the error. The Spatiotemporal Organization of the Striatum Encodes Action SpaceKlaus et al.NeuronAugust 30, 2017In BriefKlaus, Martins et al. image neural activity from direct- and indirect-pathway neurons of dorsal striatum during self-paced, natural behaviors. They find that striatal neurons form ensembles that are spatiotemporally organized and map action space independently of movement speed. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Effect of Si Addition on Oxidation Behavior of Nb containing Ferritic Stainless Steel (2016)

The effect of Si on the oxidation resistance of high purity Nb containing 19% Cr ferritic stainless steels have been investigated by means of isothermal heating at temperatures up to 1273 K in air and, the structures of scale and the scale/metal interface were investigated with FE-SEM and FE-TEM. The results are as follows:
2D numerical simulations of ultrasound propagation in random anisotropic media: Occurrence of two longitudinal waves in bone-like structures (2011)

The ultrasonic characterization of bone biomechanical properties can improve bone fracture risk assessment with a noninvasive, non-ionizing and relatively inexpensive method. These methods appear to have significant potential and are currently underutilized because the physics of ultrasound propagation in bone is still poorly understood. Some phenomena experimentally observed in trabecular bone remain indeed unclear, such as the possible propagation of two longitudinal waves with different velocities. This study focuses on determining the conditions necessary to develop two waves on a simple model, and in particular on the influence of guided modes in their occurrence. Numerical simulations were conducted using a finite difference (FDTD) tool that can simulate the propagation of elastic waves in heterogeneous anisotropic media with fine control. Binary random media with fully controlled elasticity and anisotropy were designed by randomly distributing elliptic-shaped patterns on 2D maps with an orientation ensuring global anisotropy. The material properties were defined at all points in space. The coherent wave was calculated by averaging over a large number of realizations of the propagation field. The two waves, which have been reportedly observed in the literature under certain conditions, were observed. Four conditions were found necessary for their occurrence: i) a given porosity range, ii) a propagation parallel to the ellipses, iii) the possibility of the solid matrix to support shear waves and iv) long propagation paths in the solid matrix, ensured by connectivity of the ellipses. These results suggest that the occurrence of the two waves observed in trabecular bone could be attributed to the existence of modes guided by the trabeculae. Important bone micro-architecture parameters such as anisotropy and connectivity could potentially be retrieved from ultrasonic measurements, improving the evaluation of fracture risk.
Muslim Spaces of Hope: Geographies of Possibility in Britain and the West (2009)

* Introduction: Muslim Geographies: Spaces of Hope? - Richard Phillips and Tahir Abbas * Part I: Spaces of Hope? ** 1. Spaces of Hope: Interventions - Ziauddin Sardar ** 2. Muslims in the West: Deconstructing Geographical Binaries - Peter Hopkins ** 3. The Hopeful and Exclusionary Politics of Islam in Australia: Constructing Alternative Geographies of Western Islam - Kevin Dunn and Alanna Kamp * Part II: Convivial Cities ** 4. Veils and Sales: Muslims and the Spaces of Postcolonial Fashion Retail - Reina Lewis ** 5. Citizenship and Faith: Muslim Scout Groups - Sarah Mills ** 6. The Utopian Space of the Islamic Bathhouse or Hammam - Magda Sibley and Fodil Fadli ** 7. Making space for Muslims: Housing for Bangladeshis in London - Ayona Datta * Part III: Economic and Political Empowerment ** 8. Muslim Economic Initiatives: Global Finance and Local Projects - Jane Pollard, Hilary Lim and Rajeswary Ampalavanar Brown ** 9. Muslims and the Anti-War Movements - Richard Phillips and Jamil Iqbal ** 10. Liberalising Islam: Creating Brits of the Islamic Persuasion - Sarah Glynn * Part IV: Integration and Resistance ** 11. British Muslims and 'Community Cohesion' Debates - Claire Dwyer and Varun Uberoi ** 12. Residential Integration: Evidence from the UK Census - Kevin Brice ** 13. Muslim-American Hyphenated Identity: Negotiating a Positive Path - Selcuk R. Sirin and Selen Imamo? ** 14. 'After 7/7': Challenging the Dominant Hegemony - Tahir Abbas
Past, present, and future of allergen immunotherapy vaccines (2020)

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an allergen-specific form of treatment for patients suffering from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy; the most common and important immunologically mediated hypersensitivity disease. AIT is based on the administration of the disease-causing allergen with the goal to induce a protective immunity consisting of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies and alterations of the cellular immune response so that the patient can tolerate allergen contact. Major advantages of AIT over all other existing treatments for allergy are that AIT induces a long-lasting protection and prevents the progression of disease to severe manifestations. AIT is cost effective because it uses the patient´s own immune system for protection and potentially can be used as a preventive treatment. However, broad application of AIT is limited by mainly technical issues such as the quality of allergen preparations and the risk of inducing side effects which results in extremely cumbersome treatment schedules reducing patient´s compliance. In this article we review progress in AIT made from its beginning and provide an overview of the state of the art, the needs for further development, and possible technical solutions available through molecular allergology. Finally, we consider visions for AIT development towards prophylactic application.
Sharing reasoning about faults in spreadsheets: An empirical study (2006)

Although researchers have developed several ways to reason about the location of faults in spreadsheets, no single form of reasoning is without limitations. Multiple types of errors can appear in spreadsheets, and various fault localization techniques differ in the kinds of errors that they are effective in locating. In this paper, we report empirical results from an emerging system that attempts to improve fault localization for end-user programmers by sharing the results of the reasoning systems found in WYSIWYT and UCheck. By evaluating the visual feedback from each fault localization system, we shed light on where these different forms of reasoning and combinations of them complement - and contradict - one another, and which heuristics can be used to generate the best advice from a combination of these systems
Accurate PρT Data for Ethane from (298 to 450) K up to 200 MPa (2010)

This paper reports PρT data measured with a high-pressure, single-sinker, magnetic-suspension densimeter (MSD) from (298 to 450) K up to 200 MPa. The MSD technique yields accurate data, with less than 0.05 % relative uncertainty, over the pressure range of (10 to 200) MPa. The Bücker and Wagner equation of state as implemented in RefProp 8.0 compares well to the experimental data. RefProp 8.0 has a relative uncertainty of (0.02 to 0.03) % up to 30 MPa. The equation predicts data with almost the same uncertainty as the experimental data up to 200 MPa. These PρT data also allow reliable determination of both second and third virial coefficients.
Cardiac anatomy in the interventional era: an overview (2018)

Abstract In recent years, the number and the complexity of cardiac interventional procedures have grown tremendously. Therefore, in order to minimize the risk of complications, a better appreciation of cardiac anatomy is mandated. This chapter reviews the normal cardiac location and surrounding structures, and the relationship of the cardiac chambers and valves, in addition to the anatomical features of these regions. Furthermore, it provides clinical correlations where indicated.