gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature Effects on Self-Organized Patterns and Characteristics of Bistable ZnS:Mn Thin-Film Structures (2002)

A temperature (T) rise from 20 up to 80 °C results in some decrease of the threshold voltage and slope of the voltage (V) dependences of the luminance and the transferred charge of the electron-beam evaporated ZnS:Mn ac thin film electroluminescent structures (ac TFELS) showing different patterns or no patterns in the emission. Such a heating leads to an improvement of the dynamics of all the patterns, to a narrowing and acceleration of the autowave (AW) front. However, the dynamic patterns are not formed by such a heat treatment if they are absent at any frequency of V and T = 20 °C. Although AWs more often take place at 70–80 °C, they have also been observed at T ≤ 40 °C in some samples. It has been concluded that heating is not a sufficient condition for the formation of patterns. It enhances the generation of initial free electrons at a given V, promotes a lateral spreading of the non-equilibrium charge carriers, but decreases the rate of all processes responsible for the bistability of the TFELS and the self-organization in them.
Conformational mimicry II. An obligatory cis amide bond in a small linear pep tide (1991)

The structure of Z-Pro psi [CN4]-Ala-OBzl has been determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The structure crystallizes in space group P2(1) with cell constants a = 22.176(3) A, b = 6.141(1)A, c = 8.275(1) A, beta = 98.31(1), and Z = 2. The structure has been refined to a residual of 0.038 for 2538 independent data. The amide bond between the prolyl and alanyl residues is cis, a result of the presence of the tetrazole ring system, as is the urethane bond linking the benzyloxycarbonyl and the prolyl groups. A comparison of the structures in this study to other structures containing cis amide bonds shows that the tetrazole ring system, when incorporated into peptides, mimics a cis amide bond. Changes in the distance between the alpha-carbons adjacent to the tetrazole rings in the linear peptide as compared with the bicyclic diketopiperazine required a reassessment of the conformational mimicry with the cis amide bond.
A sensitive assay reveals structural requirements for α-synuclein fibril growth (2017)

The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils in neuronal inclusions is the defining pathological process in Parkinson's disease (PD). A pathogenic role for α-syn fibril accumulation is supported by the identification of dominantly inherited α-syn (<i>SNCA</i>) gene mutations in rare cases of familial PD. Fibril formation involves a spontaneous nucleation event in which soluble α-syn monomers associate to form seeds, followed by fibril growth during which monomeric α-syn molecules sequentially associate with existing seeds. To better investigate this process, we developed sensitive assays that use the fluorescein arsenical dye FlAsH (fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder) to detect soluble oligomers and mature fibrils formed from recombinant α-syn protein containing an N-terminal bicysteine tag (C2-α-syn). Using seed growth by monomer association (SeGMA) assays to measure fibril growth over 3 h in the presence of C2-α-syn monomer, we observed that some familial PD-associated α-syn mutations (<i>i.e.</i> H50Q and A53T) greatly increased growth rates, whereas others (E46K, A30P, and G51D) decreased growth rates. Experiments with wild-type seeds extended by mutant monomer and vice versa revealed that single-amino acid differences between seed and monomer proteins consistently decreased growth rates. These results demonstrate that α-syn monomer association during fibril growth is a highly ordered process that can be disrupted by misalignment of individual amino acids and that only a subset of familial-PD mutations causes fibril accumulation through increased fibril growth rates. The SeGMA assays reported herein can be utilized to further elucidate structural requirements of α-syn fibril growth and to identify growth inhibitors as a potential therapeutic approach in PD.
Designer Biosynthetic Jet Fuels Derived from Isoprene and α-Olefins (2023)

Isoprene was hydrovinylated with a series of α-olefins (1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene) to produce acyclic branched C10–C13 alkenes. The process utilized CoBr2(DPPE) as the precatalyst in loadings as low as 0.1 mol % and zinc as the reducing agent. Use of the cobalt catalyst resulted in primarily 1,4-addition, with carbon coupling at the 4-position of isoprene. A significant amount (∼20%) of the coupling products at the 1-position of isoprene was also observed. Each of the discrete C10, C11, C12, and C13 products were then hydrogenated with 10% Pd/C (200 °C; 650 psi H2) to yield jet fuel blendstocks. In addition to the reactions with pure α-olefins, an equimolar mixture of the C5–C8 α-olefins was used to mimic a stream of olefins produced from ethanol dehydration/oligomerization or Fischer–Tropsch catalysis. The different fuel blends exhibited densities ranging from 0.73 to 0.76 g mL–1, gravimetric net heats of combustion (NHOC) from 43.91 to 44.13 MJ kg–1, and −20 °C kinematic viscosities from 2.4 to 6.3 mm2 s–1. The NHOC values were ∼2.9% higher than the lower limit for Jet-A, while the low-temperature viscosities were up to 70% lower than the upper limit for Jet-A. In addition to studying the suitability of the lightly branched hydrocarbons generated in this process as jet fuel blendstocks, it was of interest to explore their potential as diesel fuels. The equimolar C10–C13 fuel mixture exhibited a derived cetane number (DCN) of 56, which is 16 units higher than that required for Diesel #2 (40). The outstanding fuel properties of the isoprene-derived fuels suggest that they have applications as replacements for both petroleum-derived Jet-A and Diesel #2.
Illustration of the best synergy between grooming of static traffic and elastic spectral efficiency in the WDM networks (2012)

Within an American WDM backbone network, we identify the best synergy (leading to the largest overall capacity) between grooming of static traffic and elastic spectral efficiency based on superchannels with impairment aware global optimization of regenerators placement.
A review of traditional and contemporary assays for direct and indirect detection of Equid herpesvirus 1 in clinical samples (2015)

Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is one of the most economically important equine viral pathogens. Its clinical manifestations in horses vary from acute upper respiratory tract disease, abortion, or neonatal death, to neurological disease termed equine herpesviral myeloencephalopathy, which may lead to paralysis and a fatal outcome. Successful identification of EHV-1 infection in horses depends on a variety of factors such as suitable case selection with emphasis on timing of sample collection, selection of appropriate sample(s) based on the clinical manifestations, application of relevant diagnostic technique(s) and/or test(s), and careful evaluation and interpretation of laboratory results. Several traditional serologic and virus isolation assays have been described; however, these assays have inherent limitations that prevent rapid and reliable detection of EHV-1. The advent of molecular biologic techniques has revolutionized the diagnosis of infectious diseases in humans and animal species. Specifically, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays have allowed detection of nucleic acid in clinical specimens precisely and rapidly as compared to the traditional methods that detect the agent or antigen, or agent-specific antibodies in serum. The new molecular methods, especially real-time PCR, can be a very useful means of EHV-1 detection and identification. Veterinarians involved in equine practice must be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of various real-time PCR assays, interpretation of viral genetic marker(s), and latency in order to provide the best standard of care for their equine patients.
Are MRI changes predictive of epileptogenesis after experimental prolonged febrile seizures (2007)

Author(s): Dube, Celine M; Hamamura, M; Williams, M; Ring, A; Abbott, N; Nalcioglu, O; Baram, TZ
Injection locked coupled opto-electronic oscillator for optical frequency comb generation (2011)

A CW injection locked Coupled Opto-Electronic Oscillator (COEO) is presented with a 10.24 GHz spaced optical frequency comb output as well as a low noise RF output. A modified Pound-Drever-Hall scheme is employed to ensure long-term stability of the injection lock, feeding back into the cavity length to compensate for cavity resonance drifts relative to the injection seed frequency. Error signal comparison to an actively mode-locked injection locked laser is presented. High optical signal-to-noise ratio of ~35 dB is demonstrated with &gt;20 comblines of useable bandwidth. The optical linewidth, in agreement with injection locking theory, reduces to that of the injection seed frequency, &lt;5 kHz. Low amplitude and absolute phase noise are presented from the optical output of the laser system. The integrated pulse-to-pulse energy fluctuation was found to be reduced by up to a factor of two due to optical injection. Additional decreases were shown for varying injection powers.
Energization and regulation of a hybrid HVDC grid with LCC and VSC (2017)

A novel hybrid HVDC grid configuration consisting of line commutated converters (LCCs) and voltage source converters (VSCs) is investigated in this paper. The proposed hybrid HVDC grid can be used to deliver power to intermediate urban/remote load centers or collect power from remote/renewable generation at sites along a long LCC transmission line. An electromagnetic transients (EMT) simulation model of a four terminal HVDC grid was developed together with master controls required to maintain the desired power flow. Two possible operating modes were investigated. In the first mode, two VSCs tap into an LCC HVDC link. In the second mode, two VSCs share the surplus transmission capacity of an LCC HVDC line for point-to-point power transfer. Control strategies to start-up the converter stations, energize the grid, and controls to achieve the desired power flow between converter stations are proposed. With the proposed controls and energization sequence, smooth operation of the whole grid could be achieved for both modes of operation.
Muscarinic receptor binding profile of para-substituted caramiphen analogs (1991)

Para-substituted analogues of the antimuscarinic agent caramiphen were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to bind to the M1 and M2 subtypes of the muscarinic receptor. The purpose of the set was to look for a possible relationship in binding affinity or receptor subtype selectivity with aromatic substituent parameters such as Hammett's sigma or Hansch's pi values. It is felt this could be determined initially with only four properly chosen substituents. In this approach, substituents were chosen which have an extreme value for sigma and for pi, in a positive and negative direction, in all combinations. The substituents chosen for examination were amino (-sigma, -pi); 1-pyrrolidinyl (-sigma, +pi); 1-tetrazolyl (+sigma, -pi), and iodo (+sigma, +pi). It was determined in this research that caramiphen binds with high affinity (Ki = 1.2 nM) and is selective for the M1 over M2 muscarinic receptor subtype (26-fold). An examination of para-substitution reveals that compounds with electron-withdrawing (+sigma) substituents showed M1 selectivity, while the derivatives with electron-donating groups (-sigma) were nonselective in the binding assays. On the basis of this finding, the nitro and cyano derivatives were prepared and found to be M1 selective. The + sigma derivatives showed a decrease in M2 affinity while the p-nitro and p-iodo derivatives retained approximately equal affinity as caramiphen for the M1 site. The nitro- and iodocaramiphen derivatives were as potent (M1, Ki = 5.52 and 2.11 nM, respectively) and showed a greater selectivity of M1 over M2 binding than the M1 prototypical agent pirenzepine (M1, Ki = 5.21 nM).
An optimized bicistronic chimeric antigen receptor against GPC2 or CD276 overcomes heterogeneous expression in neuroblastoma (2022)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies targeting single antigens have performed poorly in clinical trials for solid tumors due to heterogenous expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), limited T cell persistence, and T cell exhaustion. Here, we aimed to identify optimal CARs against glypican 2 (GPC2) or CD276 (B7-H3), which were highly but heterogeneously expressed in neuroblastoma (NB), a lethal extracranial solid tumor of childhood. First, we examined CAR T cell expansion in the presence of targets by digital droplet PCR. Next, using pooled competitive optimization of CAR by cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-Seq), termed P-COCC, we simultaneously analyzed protein and transcriptome expression of CAR T cells to identify high-activity CARs. Finally, we performed cytotoxicity assays to identify the most effective CAR against each target and combined the CARs into a bicistronic "OR" CAR (BiCisCAR). BiCisCAR T cells effectively eliminated tumor cells expressing GPC2 or CD276. Furthermore, the BiCisCAR T cells demonstrated prolonged persistence and resistance to exhaustion when compared with CARs targeting a single antigen. This study illustrated that targeting multiple TAAs with BiCisCAR may overcome heterogenous expression of target antigens in solid tumors and identified a potent, clinically relevant CAR against NB. Moreover, our multimodal approach integrating competitive expansion, P-COCC, and cytotoxicity assays is an effective strategy to identify potent CARs among a pool of candidates.
On the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Doubly Clamped Microbeam Near Primary Resonance (2017)

This work aims to investigate theoretically and experimentally various nonlinear dynamic behaviors of a doubly clamped microbeam near its primary resonance. Mainly, we investigate the transition behavior from hardening, mixed, and then softening behavior. We show in a single frequency–response curve, under a constant voltage load, the transition from hardening to softening behavior demonstrating the dominance of the quadratic electrostatic nonlinearity over the cubic geometric nonlinearity of the beam as the motion amplitudes becomes large, which may lead eventually to dynamic pull-in. The microbeam is fabricated using polyimide as a structural layer coated with nickel from top and chromium and gold layers from the bottom. Frequency sweep tests are conducted for different values of direct current (DC) bias revealing hardening, mixed, and softening behavior of the microbeam. A multimode Galerkin model combined with a shooting technique are implemented to generate the frequency–response curves and to analyze the stability of the periodic motions using the Floquet theory. The simulated curves show a good agreement with the experimental data.
Construction of a canine bacterial artificial chromosome library for screening with PCR (2002)

Summary We have constructed a canine bacterial artificial chromosome library amenable to PCR screening. The library consists of 96 768 clones and was initially screened with 112 microsatellites representing all canine chromosomes. For 87 primer sets (77%) one to seven positive superpools were identified. The library will be expanded by adding additional superpools in order to increase the genome coverage. Interested researchers can access the library following the rules published at http://www.dogmap.ch .
Are there generalizable trends in the release of airborne synthetic clay nanoparticles from a jet milling process? (2015)

Despite recent efforts to assess the release of nanoparticles to the workplace during different nanotechnology activities, the existence of a generalizable trend in the particle release has yet to be identified. This study aimed to characterize the release of synthetic clay nanoparticles from a laboratory-based jet milling process by quantifying the variations arising from primary particle size and surface treatment of the material used, as well as the feed rate of the machine. A broad range of materials were used in this study, and the emitted particles mass (PM2.5) and number concentrations (PNC) were measured at the release source. Analysis of variance, followed by linear mixed-effects modeling, was applied to quantify the variations in PM2.5 and PNC of the released particles caused by the abovementioned factors. The results confirmed that using materials of different primary sizes and surface treatment affects the release of the particles from the same process by causing statistically-significant variations in PM2.5 and PNC. The interaction of these two factors should also be taken into account as it resulted in variations in the measured particles release properties. Furthermore, the feed rate of the milling machine was confirmed to be another influencing parameter. Although this research does not identify a specific pattern in the release of synthetic clay nanoparticles from the jet milling process this is generalizable to other similar settings, it emphasizes that each tested case should be handled individually in terms of exposure considerations.
NK1-R blockade and murine lung tumorigenesis. A model for studying the adenoma-carcinoma sequence (2008)

Background and aims. Originally, the aim of the present study was the evaluation of the role of NK- 1 receptor (NK-1R) in the lung fibrogenic response to BLM in mice treated with a selective receptor antagonist. The loss of function of the NK-1R in mice resulted in the development of adenocarcinoma (AC) at 21 days after BLM administration. This finding was unexpected. We used NK-1R knockout mice (NK1r–/–) to examine the role NK-1R signaling in lung tumorigenesis and to study the alterations in gene expression, which characterise the sequence of precursor lesions that precede the development of the BAC. Methods. Male NK1r–/– and wild type mice with either a C57Bl/6 or a Balb/c background were used in this study. The mice received a single intratracheal instillation of 150 lg of BLM in saline solution (50 ll) or saline. At various times after treatment, the mice were sacrificed and the lungs were excised and processed for conventional light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry and RNase protection assay analysis.&#13;\nResults. We show in mice that the loss of function of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1-R) – due to either a pharmacological or a genetic manipulation – results in a sequence of morphological changes in response to bleomycin (BLM) treatment, which precede the development of AC. We also demonstrate that a series of alterations in gene expression of proliferation markers (i.e. PCNA and Ki-67) and cell cycle regulators (i.e. FHIT, p53 and p21) characterizes the sequence of the precursor lesions. The loss of function of the NK1-R results in changes of the apoptotic rate and in a delay of DNA breaks recovery of alveolar epithelial cell following BLM treatment. The NK1-R blockade interferes with a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis by affecting both the translocation of Nur77 into the cytoplasm and the expression of some important Bcl2 family members such as Bcl2 and Bak.&#13;\nConclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first model to demonstrate a role for NK-1R in lung epithelial cell death and tumorigenesis. This animal model may provide new information on the biology of AC and will facilitate designing and testing of new therapeutic&#13;\ninterventions.
Performance of an HTS Generator Field Coil Under System Fault Conditions (2006)

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils are generally stable against transient thermal disturbances. Protection against spontaneous quenches is not a main design issue for an HTS coil. However, HTS coils used in many electric devices such as motors, generators, transformers, and current limiters will operate under over-current fault conditions, which may result in a coil quench and thermal runaway. Those electric devices should be able to ride through some grid fault conditions and remain functional. This requires a certain over-current capability of the HTS coils. This paper discusses the over-current requirements from grid faults and the thermal transient responses of a BSCCO coil. It presents the analysis results of the coil subjected to over-current pulses at different operating conditions. The study also investigates the thermal runaway current and its relationship with the over-current pulse
Protein–Ligand Interactions in Scarcity: The Stringent Response from Bacteria to Metazoa, and the Unanswered Questions (2023)

The stringent response, originally identified in <i>Escherichia coli</i> as a signal that leads to reprogramming of gene expression under starvation or nutrient deprivation, is now recognized as ubiquitous in all bacteria, and also as part of a broader survival strategy in diverse, other stress conditions. Much of our insight into this phenomenon derives from the role of hyperphosphorylated guanosine derivatives (pppGpp, ppGpp, pGpp; guanosine penta-, tetra- and tri-phosphate, respectively) that are synthesized on starvation cues and act as messengers or alarmones. These molecules, collectively referred to here as (p)ppGpp, orchestrate a complex network of biochemical steps that eventually lead to the repression of stable RNA synthesis, growth, and cell division, while promoting amino acid biosynthesis, survival, persistence, and virulence. In this analytical review, we summarize the mechanism of the major signaling pathways in the stringent response, consisting of the synthesis of the (p)ppGpp, their interaction with RNA polymerase, and diverse factors of macromolecular biosynthesis, leading to differential inhibition and activation of specific promoters. We also briefly touch upon the recently reported stringent-like response in a few eukaryotes, which is a very disparate mechanism involving MESH1 (Metazoan SpoT Homolog 1), a cytosolic NADPH phosphatase. Lastly, using ppGpp as an example, we speculate on possible pathways of simultaneous evolution of alarmones and their multiple targets.
Avoiding long propagation times in wave packet calculations on scattering with resonances: A hybrid approach involving the Lanczos method (1996)

We investigate the usefulness of a hybrid method for scattering with resonances. Wave packet propagation is used to obtain the time-dependent wave function Ψ(t) up to some time T at which direct scattering is over. Next, Ψ(t) is extrapolated beyond T employing resonance eigenvalues and eigenfunctions obtained in a Lanczos procedure, using Ψ(T) as starting vector to achieve faster convergence. The method is tested on one two-dimensional (2D) and one four-dimensional (4D) reactive scattering problem, affected by resonances of widths 0.1–5 meV. Compared to long time wave packet propagation, the hybrid method allows large reductions in the number of Hamiltonian operations NH required for obtaining converged reaction probabilities: A reduction factor of 24 was achieved for the 2D problem, and a factor of 6 for the 4D problem.