gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ripening Physiology in `Navaho' Thornless Blackberries: Color, Respiration, Ethylene Production, Softening, and Compositional Changes (2000)

Fruit were harvested from an erect, thornless blackberry ( Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson, `Navaho' to study ripening changes. Soluble solids content increased between the red (unripe) and dull-black (overripe) stages of ripening while titratable acidity decreased sharply between the mottled and shiny-black ripeness stages. Anthocyanin content increased sharply between the mottled and shiny-black stages. Firmness of drupelet and receptacle tissues decreased between the mottled and shiny-black stages of ripeness. In whole blackberries, total uronic acids decreased, and water soluble uronic acids increased between the green-red and shiny-black ripeness stages. Volatile production paralleled ripening changes, and was highest in dull-black fruit, with alcohols and aldehydes predominating. Respiration of intact fruit maintained in water decreased between the green and red ripeness stages and increased at the mottled (part-black) and black ripeness stages. Ethylene production remained below 10 nmol·kg -1 ·h -1 until the dull-black (overripe) stage of maturity. Free 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ACC oxidase did not increase in berries until the shiny-black stage, corresponding with the onset of detectable ethylene production. ACC oxidase activity decreased in the drupelet tissue (0.5 to 0.01 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 ) and increased in the receptacle tissue (2 to 3.8 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 ) as fruit changed from red to dull black. These results indicate that ripening in blackberries may be initiated in the receptacle tissue. Ripening in blackberries is likely independent of ethylene, but ethylene may regulate berry detachment from pedicels, thus controlling timing of fruit harvests.
Metasurface-assisted 3D beam shaping for desired phase, amplitude, and polarization (2023)

Cascaded metasurfaces can control the phase, amplitude and polarization of an electromagnetic beam, shaping it in three dimensional configuration not achievable with other methods. Each cascaded metasurface has dielectric or metallic scatterers arranged in a period array. The shape of the scatterers determines the three dimensional configuration of the output beam and is determined with iterative calculations through computational simulations.
Design, synthesis, and study of novel, thermally depolymerizable polycarbonates (1985)

Novel polycarbonates containing tertiary or secondary benzylic diol structure are prepared via their bis-carbonylimidazolide derivatives under phase transfer conditions; these polycarbonates are designed to undergo a near instantaneous depoluymerization to volatile monomeric species when heated to a critical temperature.
Optimizing analytic data flows for multiple execution engines (2012)

Next generation business intelligence involves data flows that span different execution engines, contain complex functionality like data/text analytics, machine learning operations, and need to be optimized against various objectives. Creating correct analytic data flows in such an environment is a challenging task and is both labor-intensive and time-consuming. Optimizing these flows is currently an ad-hoc process where the result is largely dependent on the abilities and experience of the flow designer. Our previous work addressed analytic flow optimization for multiple objectives over a single execution engine. This paper focuses on optimizing flows for a single objective, namely performance, over multiple execution engines. We consider flows that span a DBMS, a Map-Reduce engine, and an orchestration engine (e.g., an ETL tool or scripting language). This configuration is emerging as a common paradigm used to combine analysis of unstructured data with analysis of structured data (e.g., NoSQL plus SQL). We present flow transformations that model data shipping, function shipping, and operation decomposition and we describe how flow graphs are generated for multiple engines. Performance results for various configurations demonstrate the benefit of optimization.
Conceptual design for spacelab pool boiling experiment (1978)

A pool boiling heat transfer experiment to be incorporated with a larger two-phase flow experiment on Spacelab was designed to confirm (or alter) the results of earth-normal gravity experiments which indicate that the hydrodynamic peak and minimum pool boiling heat fluxes vanish at very low gravity. Twelve small sealed test cells containing water, methanol or Freon 113 and cylindrical heaters of various sizes are to be built. Each cell will be subjected to one or more 45 sec tests in which the surface heat flux on the heaters is increased linearly until the surface temperature reaches a limiting value of 500 C. The entire boiling process will be photographed in slow-motion. Boiling curves will be constructed from thermocouple and electric input data, for comparison with the motion picture records. The conduct of the experiment will require no more than a few hours of operator time.
Intracavity Spectroscopy of Canine Lymphoma Cells in a Microfluidic Channel (2006)

Optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy (OFIS) measurements of individual canine lymphoma cells in a microfluidic Fabry-Perot produced repeatable transmission spectra. The transverse mode spacing was more varied for transmission spectra of non-cancerous peripheral blood mononuclear cells
MEMS Tunable Frame Antennas Enabling Carrier Aggregation at 600 Mhz (2020)

The goal of this paper is to propose a tunable antenna system, that aims to cover the LTE low band (699-960 MHz), medium band (1710-2100 MHz) and high band (2100-2690 MHz), as well as the 600 MHz bands by tuning. The architecture consists of four multiband antennas, made up of different radiators, placed in the frame of the mobile handset at the optimized distance of 0.5 mm from each other. Simulations including MEMS tunable capacitors prove that, it is possible to reconfigure the dual resonance in low band, without deteriorating the antennas performance. The tuning ability of the fabricated structure is tested with the PNA and measurements of the total efficiency are performed in the MVG SG24. The results of the measurements are in accordance with the simulations and confirm that the operating frequency of the proposed frame antenna array in low band can be tuned down to the starting point of band 71, with a -6 dB impedance bandwidth of 32 MHz, without altering the antennas behaviour in medium and high band. The resulting peak value of the total efficiency of -5.3 dB at 615 MHz is acceptable, considering the mobile phones in the market. Moreover, the analysis of the user effects, carried out via simulations both in data and in talk mode, reveals a reduced total efficiency of 4 and 8 dB on average, due to the user hand and the user hand-head respectively, compared with the performance in free space.
P2N-2 High Frequency Resonators with Excellent Temperature Characteristic Using Edge Reflection (2006)

Most surface acoustic wave (SAW) radio frequency (RF) filters and duplexers have the Al-electrodes/36-48degYX-LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrate structure, which has an optimum coupling factor and an optimum reflection coefficient but does not have a good temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF). The TCF can be improved by depositing SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film with positive TCF on a transversal SAW filter consisting of a substrate with negative TCF such as LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . However, resonator-type SAW devices combining SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film, Al electrodes, and LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrate do not show a good frequency characteristics regardless of Al thickness. Because both (a) a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /thin Al-electrodes/LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> structure with small convex portions on the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> surface and (b) a flattened SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al-electrodes/LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> structure have a small reflection coefficient, and (c) a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /thick Al-electrodes/LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> structure with large convex portions has a small coupling factor. It is considered as a counter-measure that a resonator using the reflection of a shear horizontal (SH) wave at substrate edges of their structures shows a good frequency characteristic because its reflection coefficient is very large regardless of Al thickness. It has been difficult to obtain a high-frequency edge reflection resonator because it requires too fine substrate edges for ordinary machining techniques. However, a high-frequency edge reflection resonator with a good TCF and an excellent frequency characteristic has been realized using our newly developed method of obtaining fine edges
Novel prognostic scoring system for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in multiple myeloma (2020)

We studied 2,528 patients with upfront autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for multiple myeloma (MM) from 2008-2017 to develop a prognostic model to predict outcomes. High-risk cytogenetics included t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del13q on karyotype, del17p, +1q or 1pdel. A Cox model identified factors prognostic of progression/relapse in a training subset (n = 1,246). A weighted score using these factors was assigned to a validation cohort (n = 774). Presence of high-risk cytogenetics [hazard ratio, (HR) 1·68 (1·3-2·17)] and pre-AHCT bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) ≥10% [1·68 (1·33-2·12)] were assigned 4 points each; albumin at diagnosis <3·5 g/dl [1·31 (1·07-1·61)] 2; standard risk cytogenetics 1, and no cytogenetics abnormality, BMPCs <10% at AHCT and albumin ≥3·5 g/dl at diagnosis 0 points each. A three-category system with low risk (0-3), intermediate risk (4-8) and high risk (9-10) showed 3-year progression-free survival in the low vs. intermediate vs. high risk of 58% (95% CI: 52-63) vs. 49% (95% CI: 43-56) vs. 31% (95% CI: 12-51), P < 0.001 respectively, and 3-year OS in low vs. intermediate vs. high risk of 88% (95% CI: 84-91) vs. 81% (95% CI: 76-86) vs. 64% (95% CI: 39-80); P < 0·001. Our prognostic scoring system can identify MM patients at risk for early relapse after AHCT.
Xeno-Free Bioreactor Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Chemically Defined Microcarriers (2021)

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), also called mesenchymal stem cells, are adult cells that have demonstrated their potential in therapeutic applications, highlighted by their ability to differentiate down different lineages, modulate the immune system, and produce biologics. There is a pressing need for scalable culture systems for hMSC due to the large number of cells needed for clinical applications. Most current methods for expanding hMSC fail to provide a reproducible cell product in clinically required cell numbers without the use of serum-containing media or harsh enzymes. In this work, we apply a tailorable, thin, synthetic polymer coating-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-<i>ran</i>-vinyl dimethyl azlactone-<i>ran</i>-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(PEGMEMA-<i>r</i>-VDM-<i>r</i>-GMA), PVG)-to the surface of commercially available polystyrene (PS) microcarriers to create chemically defined three-dimensional (3D) surfaces for large-scale cell expansion. These chemically defined microcarriers provide a reproducible surface that does not rely on the adsorption of xenogeneic serum proteins to mediate cell adhesion, enabling their use in xeno-free culture systems. Specifically, this work demonstrates the improved adhesion of hMSC to coated microcarriers over PS microcarriers in xeno-free media and describes their use in a readily scalable, bioreactor-based culture system. Additionally, these surfaces resist the adsorption of media-borne and cell-produced proteins, which result in integrin-mediated cell adhesion throughout the culture period. This feature allows the cells to be efficiently passaged from the microcarrier using a chemical chelating agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) in the absence of cleavage enzymes, an improvement over other microcarrier products in the field. Bioreactor culture of hMSC on these microcarriers enabled the production of hMSC over 4 days from a scalable, xeno-free environment.
Wind farm controllers with grid support (2005)

This paper describes wind farm controller and wind turbine controllers for different types of wind farms. The overall aim of the wind farm controllers is to enable the wind frams to contribute to the control of voltage and frequency in the power system. Still, the controllers should meet the conventional aims of wind turbine controllers, which are first of all to maximise the production and minimize the structural loads and lifetime consumption on the wind turbine components.
Biosynthesis of brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (2017)

Brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (BC200 RNA), a neuron-specific non-coding RNA, is also highly expressed in a number of tumors of non-neuronal origin. However, the biosynthesis of BC200 RNA remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that the efficient transcription of BC200 RNA requires both internal and upstream promoter elements in cancer cells. The transcription complex seems to interact with a broad range of sequences within the upstream 100-bp region. The cellular levels and half-lives of BC200 RNA were found to differ across various cancer cell types, but there was no significant correlation between these parameters. Exogenously expressed BC200 RNA had a shorter half-life than that observed for the endogenous version in cancer cells, suggesting that BC200 RNA might be protected by some limiting factor(s) in cancer cells. Transient transfection experiments showed that the transcriptional activity of the exogenous BC200 RNA promoter element varied depending on the cancer cell type. However, the promoter activities together with the half-life data could not explain the differences in the levels of BC200 RNA among different cell types, suggesting that there is another level of transcriptional regulation beyond that detected by our transient transfection experiments.
Microbial‐derived lithocholic acid and vitamin K2 drive the metabolic maturation of pluripotent stem cells–derived and fetal hepatocytes (2015)

Our work provides fresh insights into liver development, suggesting that microbial-derived cues may drive the maturation of CYP450 enzymes postpartum. Addition of these cues results in the first functional, inducible, hPSC-derived hepatocyte for predictive toxicology.
Core-stateless fair queueing: a scalable architecture to approximate fair bandwidth allocations in high-speed networks (2003)

Router mechanisms designed to achieve fair bandwidth allocations, such as fair queueing, have many desirable properties for congestion control in the Internet. However, such mechanisms usually need to maintain state, manage buffers, and/or perform packet scheduling on a per-flow basis, and this complexity may prevent them from being cost-effectively implemented and widely deployed. We propose an architecture that significantly reduces this implementation complexity yet still achieves approximately fair bandwidth allocations. We apply this approach to an island of routers - that is, a contiguous region of the network - and we distinguish between edge routers and core routers. Edge routers maintain per-flow state; they estimate the incoming rate of each flow and insert a label into each packet based on this estimate. Core routers maintain no per-flow state; they use first-in-first-out packet scheduling augmented by a probabilistic dropping algorithm that uses the packet labels and an estimate of the aggregate traffic at the router. We call the scheme core-stateless fair queueing. We present simulations and analysis on the performance of this approach.
PSII-18 Impact of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Boulardii Supplementation on Nursery Pig Performance (2022)

Abstract Nine hundred newly-weaned pigs (PIC) with average body weight of 6.2 ± 0.1 kg were used in a 43d nursery study to evaluate the effect of a live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (Levucell SB Advantage, Elanco; LEV), on growth performance of nursery pigs. Each pen within a pen location-block was assigned to 1 of 3 treatments consisting of: 1) a control diet (CON) containing pharmacological levels of Zn (2,500 and 1,500 ppm in phase 1 and 2, respectively) and Cu (200 ppm for all phases), 2) CON with LEV at 0.1% (phase 1) and 0.05% (phase 2-3), and 3) CON but with 150 ppm Zn (phase 1-3) and 22 ppm Cu (phase 1-3). Feeding program consisted of a 3-phase feed budget (3, 6, 20 kg for phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain to feed (G:F), and end weight variation (EWV) were all analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS using RCBD with treatment, pen location-block and initial BW as covariate. Dietary supplementation of nursery diets with LEV in the presence of high Zn and Cu increased final BW (P &amp;lt; 0.05, +1.3 kg), overall ADG (P &amp;lt; 0.05, +8%), and G:F (P&amp;lt; 0.05, +6%) compared with the control diet containing high Zn and Cu. There was no impact on other parameters (ADFI and EWV). Addition of LEV to low Zn and Cu diet supported the same level of performance (ADG, ADFI, G:F) as the control diet. The results of this study demonstrate growth performance enhancement when using Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii in nursery diets.
Highly reliable molecular-pore-stacking (MPS)/Cu interconnects using novel post-etching treatment (PET) for 28 nm-node and beyond (2011)

Effects of post-etching treatment (PET) in trench patterning and re-sputtering in barrier metal sputtering on low-k/Cu interconnects were investigated for the low-k of Molecular Pore Stacking (MPS). Optimized combination of PET and re-sputtering reduces wiring capacitance by 5% due to well controlled profile, resulted from hardening effect of the exposed MPS at the trench bottom. The developed process sequence achieves 10 times loger EM lifetime and eliminates early failure mode in the TDDB test. Thus, the novel process, featuring PET and re-sputtering, contributes to highly reliability for 28 nm node CMOS and beyond.
Expression of qa-lF Activator Protein: Identification of Upstream Binding Sites in the qa Gene Cluster and Localization of the DNA-Binding Domain (1987)

The qa-1F regulatory gene of Neurospora crassa encodes an activator protein required for quinic acid induction of transcription in the qa gene cluster. This activator protein was expressed in insect cell culture with a baculovirus expression vector. The activator binds to 13 sites in the gene cluster that are characterized by a conserved 16-base-pair sequence of partial dyad symmetry. One site is located between the divergently transcribed qa-1F and qa-1S regulatory genes, corroborating prior evidence that qa-1F is autoregulated and controls expression of the qa-1S repressor. Multiple upstream sites located at variable positions 5' to the qa structural genes appear to allow for greater transcriptional control by qa-1F. Full-length and truncated activator peptides were synthesized in vitro, and the DNA-binding domain was localized to the first 183 amino acids. A 28-amino acid sequence within this region shows striking homology to N-terminal sequences from other lower-eucaryotic activator proteins. A qa-1F(Ts) mutation is located within this putative DNA-binding domain.
jShield: An Open Source Solution for Web Application Security (2010)

The purpose of this article is describe a solution for web application security based on an application firewall which is implemented using a model called reverse proxy. The application firewall use as much the model of negative filter as the model of positive filter for, apart from providing applications with more security, avoiding the occurrence of false positive what could filter applications authentic packets. This way, the firewall aggregates both the easy configuration of the negative security model with the better security provided by positive model.
Formation of Polyaniline-MOF Nanocomposites Using Nano-Sized Fe(III)-MOF for Humidity Sensing Application (2019)

Polyaniline (PA)-MOF nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized through an <i>in-situ</i> chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of nano-sized iron trimestate (named as MIL-100(Fe)) particles, which was prepared by a microwave-irradiation method. Water sorption and humidity sensing results clearly showed that water sorption rate and humidity sensitivity are dramatically enhanced by the composites using nano-sized MIL-100(Fe) as compared with that using micrometer-sized MIL-100(Fe) particles.
Reaction of ethyl diethoxyacrylate with alkynylalkoxycarbene metal (Cr, W) complexes: new procedure for preparation of 6-ethoxy-2H-pyrones (1989)

The reaction of ethyl diethoxyacrylate with alkynylalkoxycarbene metal complexes affords 6-ethoxy-2H-pyranylidene metal complexes (M = Cr, W) through a plausible [2 + 2] cycloaddition, followed by conrotatory cyclobutene opening and final cyclization at the carbene centre; mild dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) oxidation of the resulting complex gives the free ligand quantitatively.
Determinants of Macular Thickness Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Healthy Eyes: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study (2013)

Female sex, older age, and longer AL were associated independently with thinner overall average macular thickness, whereas female sex and shorter AL were associated with thinner central foveal thickness in ethnic Chinese. These factors should be taken into consideration when interpreting macular thickness measurements with SD-OCT.
High resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance in cured epoxy polymers. Rotating frame relaxation (1978)

The combination of cross-polarization, dipolar decoupling and magic angle spinning produces high resolution 13C n.m.r. spectra in organic solids. Carbon rotating frame relaxation is complicated by the presence of the strongly interacting proton spin system: spin–spin and spin–lattice processes will both promote relaxation. Dipolar order is created when the proton system is spin locked and is rapidly destroyed by magic angle spinning. Some implications of these spin–spin mechanisms on determination of 13C T1ρ are examined and illustrated by an experimental study on a model cured epoxy polymer, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with piperidine. For this specimen at room temperature we find that for r.f. fields above ≈ 40 kHz, the decay of the carbon spin lock magnetization after the first 100 µs or so is not dominated by spin–spin relaxation and can reflect molecular motion. Over the temperature range 242–324 K, the T1ρ for the methyl carbon is described by an activation energy of 11 kJ mol–1.