gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Posterosuperior impingement of the shoulder in the athlete: results of arthroscopic debridement in 75 patients]. (2002)

The notion of posterosuperior impingement is increasingly recognized as the cause of pain in thrower athletes. Loaded arm movements produce a physiological contact between the posteriorsuperior edge of the glenoid cavity and the deep aspect of the rotator cuff. Injury results from repeated loaded arm movements in throwers. In our series, all the patients had at least one lesion, either involving the cuff or the labrum. According to the Snyder classification, 80% of the supraspinatus lesions were grade 1 or grade 2. We did not have any full thickness tears. All patients with a normal cuff were found to have a lesion of the posterosuperior labrum. At arthroscopy, dynamic assessment evidenced an impingement between the supraspinatus (or the infraspinatus) and the labrum or the bony edge of the glenoid cavity. Only three patients had a labral lesion anterior to the biceps insertion that could be considered a type 1 or 2 slap lesion. Unlike earlier reports by others, we had disappointing results after debridement: 60% of the patients were disappointed after the procedure and only 40% were satisfied (22 patients) or very satisfied (8 patients). Patient satisfaction depended greatly on the level of sports activity attained after arthroscopy, the eight very satisfied patients had resumed their former level. None of the professional athletes or those competing at the international level were very satisfied with arthroscopic debridement. There was an inverse relationship between level of competition and patient satisfaction after debridement.
Numerical design of gradient-index beam shapers (2017)

Design methods are illustrated to produce beam shaping elements in which the refractive index is a continuous function of position. An index profile yielding a desired gradual transformation of the field can be computed in two ways. A ray theory approach yields a solution consistent with the eikonal equation, while diffraction effects can be incorporated into the index profile by using a split step representation of the medium and performing a series of phase retrieval calculations. The methods are demonstrated in an example of mode conversion and coherent laser beam combining, where a near-unity conversion efficiency can theoretically be achieved.
Frequency-Domain NOMA With Two Sets of Orthogonal Signal Waveforms (2018)

We present a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme based on combining orthogonal frequency-division multiple access and multi-carrier code-division multiple access. Contrary to other NOMA architectures, the proposed approach does not require any power imbalance between user signals, making it possible to grant all users the same data rate and performance. Another major contribution concerns the receiver operation: Many papers in the recent NOMA literature refer to single-stage successive interference cancellation, where the strong user signal is first detected and subtracted from the received signal before detecting the weak user signal. While this approach may be optimal from information theoretic viewpoint, we show that this type of receiver cannot achieve performance results close to those of interference-free transmission and that, in our framework, an iterative receiver is actually required for this purpose. We investigate both hard-decision and soft-decision iterative receivers and show that a soft-decision receiver significantly improves the performance and increases the number of users.
Compact Silica-based 16 × 16 Multicast Switch with Surface Mount Technology for PLCs (2019)

A compact 16 × 16 multicast switch (MCS) with electrical connecters mounted on its surface using SMT shows excellent switching performance. The structure is suitable for large-scale silica-based MCSs.
Electronically Coupled Nanocrystal Superlattice Films by in Situ Ligand Exchange at the Liquid–Air Interface (2013)

The ability to remove long, insulating ligands from nanocrystal (NC) surfaces without deteriorating the structural integrity of NC films is critical to realizing their electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here we report a nondestructive ligand-exchange approach based on in situ chemical treatment of NCs floating at the liquid-air interface, enabling strongly coupled NC superlattice films that can be directly transferred to arbitrary substrates for device applications. Ligand-exchange-induced structural defects such as cracks and degraded NC ordering that are commonly observed using previous methods are largely prevented by performing ligand exchange at the liquid-air interface. The significantly reduced interparticle spacing arising from ligand replacement leads to highly conductive NC superlattice films, the electrical conductivities and carrier mobilities of which are 1 order of magnitude higher than those of the same NC films subject to substrate-supported exchange using previously reported procedures. The in situ, free-floating exchange approach presented here opens the door for electronically coupled NC superlattices that hold great promise for high-performance, flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Approximate Dynamic Programming and Backpropagation on Timescales (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: Timescales Fundamentals Dynamic Programming Backpropagation Conclusions References 
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Balancing activity, stability and conductivity of nanoporous core-shell iridium/iridium oxide oxygen evolution catalysts (2017)

The selection of oxide materials for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction in acid-based electrolyzers must be guided by the proper balance between activity, stability and conductivity-a challenging mission of great importance for delivering affordable and environmentally friendly hydrogen. Here we report that the highly conductive nanoporous architecture of an iridium oxide shell on a metallic iridium core, formed through the fast dealloying of osmium from an Ir<sub>25</sub>Os<sub>75</sub> alloy, exhibits an exceptional balance between oxygen evolution activity and stability as quantified by the activity-stability factor. On the basis of this metric, the nanoporous Ir/IrO<sub>2</sub> morphology of dealloyed Ir<sub>25</sub>Os<sub>75</sub> shows a factor of ~30 improvement in activity-stability factor relative to conventional iridium-based oxide materials, and an ~8 times improvement over dealloyed Ir<sub>25</sub>Os<sub>75</sub> nanoparticles due to optimized stability and conductivity, respectively. We propose that the activity-stability factor is a key "metric" for determining the technological relevance of oxide-based anodic water electrolyzer catalysts.
Flow Rate and Low Hematocrit Measurements for $In Vitro$ Blood Processing With Doppler Ultrasound (2020)

In vitro techniques for the processing of flowing blood and its components have recently emerged from microfluidics. The blood flow rate and hematocrit are two keys parameters to monitor for guaranteeing the reliability of these techniques. But, there is a lack of monitoring methods adapted to low flow rates and small tubing. In this study, we exploit minimization approaches of continuous Doppler measurements to survey the blood flow rate. Combined with a packing factor model, we also estimate hematocrit from the Doppler spectrum. The presented method is implemented with a continuous-wave (CW) Doppler probe mounted on a 3D-printed support. The accuracy of the flow rate was measured in the range from 0.5 to 1.5 mL/min. For each of four different blood bags, hematocrit in the range under 8% was estimated from the Doppler spectrum using a packing factor model derived from the other three bags. Flow rate estimation shows a mean measurement error under 3% for a measurement time of 2 s. The mean error is still under 5% for a measurement time of 0.5 s. Hematocrit estimation for the four blood bags shows errors of 1.4%, 1.1%, 0.67%, and 0.70% Hct for a measurement time of 5 s. The versatility and simplicity of the method make it highly valuable for in vitro blood processing, in particular for low hematocrit blood fractionation techniques derived from microfluidics, as it can be performed through sterile tubing.
Reliability improvement in planar MONOS cell for 20nm-node multi-level NAND Flash memory and beyond (2009)

20 nm-node planar MONOS cell which has improved reliability is developed. Extremely wide program/erase Vth window and good retention characteristics after cycling stress are obtained by buried charge cell structure. Moreover, Vth shift by interference between adjacent cells has smaller dependence on the cell-cell space than Vth window improvement when the half pitch is constant. These results show that the buried charge planar MONOS cell is suitable for Flash memory with 20 nm-node and beyond.
A Comparison of Methods to Control Type I Errors in Microarray Studies (2007)

Microarray studies often need to simultaneously examine thousands of genes to determine which are differentially expressed. One main challenge in those studies is to find suitable multiple testing procedures that provide accurate control of the error rates of interest and meanwhile are most powerful, that is, they return the longest list of truly interesting genes among competitors. Many multiple testing methods have been developed recently for microarray data analysis, especially resampling based methods, such as permutation methods, the null-centered and scaled bootstrap (NCSB) method, and the quantile-transformed-bootstrap-distribution (QTBD) method. Each of these methods has its own merits and limitations. Theoretically permutation methods can fail to provide accurate control of Type I errors when the so-called subset pivotality condition is violated. The NCSB method does not suffer from that limitation, but an impractical number of bootstrap samples are often needed to get proper control of Type I errors. The newly developed QTBD method has the virtues of providing accurate control of Type I errors under few restrictions. However, the relative practical performance of the above three types of multiple testing methods remains unresolved. This paper compares the above three resampling based methods according to the control of family wise error rates (FWER) through data simulations. Results show that among the three resampling based methods, the QTBD method provides relatively accurate and powerful control in more general circumstances.
EONS: An Online Synaptic Modeling Platform (2006)

Chemical synapses, although representing the smallest unit of communication between two neurons in the nervous system constitute a complex ensemble of mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms and the way synaptic transmission occurs is critical for our comprehension of CNS functions in general and learning and memory in particular. Here we describe a modeling platform called EONS (Elementary Object of Neural System) accessible online, which allows neuroscientists throughout the world to study qualitatively, but also quantitatively the relative contributions of diverse mechanisms underlying synaptic efficacy: the relevance of each and every elements that comprise a synapse, the interactions between these components and their subcellular distribution, as well as the influence of synaptic geometry (presynaptic terminal, cleft and postsynaptic density).
Redox States and Associated Interchain Processes of Thienylenevinylene Oligomers (2000)

The electronic structure of successive redox states of two series of thienylenevinylene oligomers (nTVs, n=4, 5, 6, 8, and 12) that carry hexyl substituents at the α- or β-positions in order to increase the solubility was investigated in detail by means of UV/Vis/near-IR and ESR spectroscopy in solution. The nTV redox states have been fully characterized up to the dication for the shorter oligomers (n≤6) and up to the tetracation for the longer oligomers (n≥8). While the monocation radicals of the nTVs exhibit two dipole-allowed electronic transitions in the Vis/near-IR region, all the higher oxidized states invariably show a single strong absorption in the near-IR region. The electronic transitions of the various oxidized states and those of their vibronic replicas shift to lower energies with increasing conjugation length. The ESR spectra, recorded as a function of the degree of oxidation, provide evidence for the presence of electron spin in the odd-charged and the absence of spin in even-charged cations. Variable-temperature UV/Vis/near-IR and ESR spectroscopy establish that the tendency of the nTV monocation radicals to form spin-less π dimers in solution strongly depends on the number of solubilizing hexyl groups. While the oligomers that carry two hexyl chains at the α-positions of the terminal thiophenes (α-nTVs) readily form π dimers at low temperature, the oligomers that carry hexyl groups on the β- and β′-positions of every thiophene ring (β-nTVs) do not form π dimers. Low-temperature UV/Vis/near-IR and ESR experiments on solutions in which neutral and singly oxidized nTVs are simultaneously present, reveal the occurrence of interchain interactions between these two species, accompanied by a pronounced change in the existing disproportionation equilibrium.
Correction: Genetically encoded unstrained olefins for live cell labeling with tetrazine dyes (2014)

Correction for ‘Genetically encoded unstrained olefins for live cell labeling with tetrazine dyes’ by Yan-Jiun Lee et al., Chem. Commun., 2014, DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06435f.
Monitoring Microbe-Induced Sulfide Precipitation Under Dynamic Flow Conditions Using Multiple Geophysical Techniques (2004)

This study preliminarily revealed the role of PMN-MDSCs in the pathogenesis of BPD in premature infants. The specific immune regulation mechanism of PMN-MDSCs in BPD will provide new ideas and strategies for clinical prevention and treatment of BPD in premature infants.
Post-translational Amino Acid Isomerization (2004)

The post-translational modification of an L- to a D-amino acid has been documented in relatively few gene products, mostly in small peptides under 10 amino acids in length. In this report, we demonstrate that a 46-amino acid polypeptide toxin has one D-phenylalanine at position 44, and that the epimerization from an L-Phe to a D-Phe has a dramatic effect on the excitatory effects of the peptide. In one electrophysiological assay carried out, the D-Phe-containing peptide was extremely potent, whereas the unmodified polypeptide had no biological activity, demonstrating that the chirality of the post-translationally modified amino acid is functionally significant. The peptide toxin analyzed, r11a, belongs to the I-gene superfamily of conotoxins that has four disulfide cross-links. The D-Phe in r11a is at the third amino acid from the C terminus, the same relative position from the C-terminal end as the d-amino acid in omega-agatoxin TK from a spider, an unrelated peptide. Thus, although post-translational amino acid isomerization appears to have no strong specificity for the chemical nature of the amino acid side chain, the few peptides where this modification has been established suggest that there may be favored positions near the N or C terminus that are preferential sites for isomerization to a D-amino acid.
A hypoxia- and telomerase-responsive oncolytic adenovirus expressing secretable trimeric TRAIL triggers tumour-specific apoptosis and promotes viral dispersion in TRAIL-resistant glioblastoma (2018)

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and malignant type of cancer that is apoptosis resistant and difficult to cure by conventional cancer therapies. In this regard, an oncolytic adenovirus that selectively targets the tumour tissue and induces tumour cell lysis is a promising treatment option. We designed and constructed a hypoxia-responsive and cancer-specific modified human telomerase reverse transcriptase (H5CmTERT) promoter to drive replication of an oncolytic adenovirus (H5CmTERT-Ad). To enhance the anti-tumour efficacy of H5CmTERT-Ad against malignant glioblastoma, we also generated an H5CmTERT-Ad expressing secretable trimeric tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (H5CmTERT-Ad/TRAIL). H5CmTERT promoter-regulated oncolytic adenoviruses showed cancer-specific and superior cell-killing effect in contrast to a cognate control oncolytic adenovirus replicating under the control of the endogenous adenovirus promoter. The cancer cell-killing effects of H5CmTERT-Ad and H5CmTERT-Ad/TRAIL were markedly higher during hypoxia than normoxia owing to hypoxia responsiveness of the promoter. H5CmTERT-Ad/TRAIL showed more potent anti-tumour efficacy than H5CmTERT-Ad did in a xenograft model of TRAIL-resistant subcutaneous and orthotopic glioblastoma through superior induction of apoptosis and more extensive virus distribution in the tumour tissue. Altogether, our findings show that H5CmTERT-Ad/TRAIL can promote dispersion of an oncolytic adenovirus through robust induction of apoptosis in a highly TRAIL-resistant glioblastoma.
Clonidine added to bupivacaine enhances and prolongs analgesia after brachial plexus block via a local mechanism in healthy volunteers (2004)

Background and objective: The addition of clonidine to local anaesthetics enhances pain relief after peripheral nerve block, but the site of action is unproven. Methods: Seven healthy volunteers underwent three brachial block procedures using bupivacaine 0.25% 1 mg kg−1 + epinephrine 1 : 200 000 (=local analgesic) in a randomized, double-blind cross-over fashion: (a) control treatment: local analgesic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution for the block and an intramuscular injection of saline; (b) intramuscular treatment: local analgesic with 0.9% NaCl for block and an intramuscular injection of clonidine 2 μg kg−1 and (c) block treatment: local analgesic with clonidine 2 μg kg−1 for block and an intramuscular injection of saline. Results: The onset and duration of complete blockade (sensory/motor/temperature) was evaluated in the four nerve regions of the hand and forearm. Additionally, sedation score, blood pressure, heart rate and plasma clonidine concentrations were determined. The median duration of complete sensory blockade was 270 min (range 0-600) for block treatment compared to 0 min (range 0-480) for intramuscular treatment (P < 0.05) and 0 min (range 0-180) for control treatment (P < 0.05). Motor and temperature blockade exhibited similar results. Administration of clonidine was associated with sedation and a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure independent of the route of administration. Plasma clonidine concentrations were lower for block compared to the intramuscular treatment. Conclusions: The admixture of clonidine to bupivacaine plus epinephrine prolongs and enhances brachial plexus blockade. Lower clonidine plasma concentrations for block treatment strongly suggest a local effect.
Statistical Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics in Underground Mines at 900MHz (2007)

Wireless communication carries a great importance for underground mines from the perspective of safety, security, and industry. However, it is observed that commercial wireless communication systems in underground mines may not work always properly because of different environmental characteristics. In order to have wireless communication systems which work properly under the harsh environments such as underground mines, it is very important to understand the characteristics of the radio propagation within those environments. This work presents experimental results of wideband radio propagation at 900 MHz in a real underground environment. Several important wireless propagation channel parameters are obtained.
Concurrent fault detection in a hardware implementation of the RC5 encryption algorithm (2004)

Recent research has shown that fault diagnosis and possibly fault tolerance are important features when implementing cryptographic algorithms by means of hardware devices. In fact, some security attack procedures are based on the injection of faults. At the same time, hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms, i.e. crypto-processors, are becoming widespread. There is however, only very limited research on implementing fault diagnosis and tolerance in crypto-algorithms. Fault diagnosis is studied for the RC5 crypto-algorithm, a recently proposed block-cipher algorithm that is suited for both software and hardware implementations. RC5 is based on a mix of arithmetic and logic operations, and is therefore a challenge for fault diagnosis. We study fault propagation in RC5, and propose and evaluate the cost/performance tradeoffs of several error detecting codes for RC5. Costs are estimated in terms of hardware overhead, and performances in terms of fault coverage. Our most important conclusion is that, despite its nonuniform nature, RC5 can be efficiently protected by using low-cost error detecting codes.
An integrated mathematical model of the human cardiopulmonary system: model validation under hypercapnia and hypoxia (2016)

A novel integrated physiological model of the interactions between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems has been in development for the past few years. The model has hundreds of parameters and variables representing the physical and physiological properties of the human cardiopulmonary system. It can simulate many dynamic states and scenarios. The description of the model and the results in normal resting conditions were presented in a companion paper (Albanese A, Cheng L, Ursino M, Chbat NW.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 310: 2016; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00230.2014), where model predictions were compared against average population data from literature. However, it is also essential to test the model in abnormal or pathological conditions to prove its consistency. Hence, in this paper, we concentrate on testing the cardiopulmonary model under hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions, by comparing model's outputs to population-averaged cardiorespiratory data reported in the literature. The utility of this comprehensive model is demonstrated by testing the internal consistency of the simulated responses of a significant number of cardiovascular variables (heart rate, arterial pressure, and cardiac output) and respiratory variables (tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, alveolar O2 and CO2 partial pressures) over a wide range of perturbations and conditions; namely, hypercapnia at 3-7% CO2 levels and hypoxia at 7-9% O2 levels with controlled CO2(isocapnic hypoxia) and without controlled CO2(hypocapnic hypoxia). Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the role of the main cardiorespiratory control mechanisms triggered by hypercapnia and hypoxia.
Synthesis of Guanidinium Functionalized Polycarbodiimides and Their Antibacterial Activities (2012)

A family of guanidinium-side-chain functionalized polycarbodiimides has been synthesized by allowing an azido guanidinium salt to react with alkyne polycarbodiimides via the copper catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition (Click) reaction. <b>Poly-2</b>(<b>a</b>-<b>d</b>) are cationic/amphiphilic polymers in which the global hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance has been tailored by local alteration of the length of alkyl side chain in the repeat unit of polymers prior to polymerization. The shorter alkyl chains yield water-soluble polymers, <b>Poly</b>-<b>2c</b>, -<b>2d</b>, and -<b>2e</b>. Antibacterial activities of these cationic polycarbodiimides have been investigated for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that include Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. It was observed that the influence of hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance per repeat unit of these polymers have profound effects for both antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. In addition, these polycarbodiimide-guanidinium-triazole conjugates offered moderate to significant antibacterial activity and rapid interaction with red blood cells causing blood precipitation without significant hemolysis in case of <b>Poly</b>-<b>2</b>(<b>b</b>-<b>e</b>). This latter property has the potential to be exploited in the polymer coatings or wound protection.