gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance bounds for the estimation of finite rate of innovation signals from noisy measurements (2010)

In this paper, we derive lower bounds on the estimation error of finite rate of innovation signals from noisy measurements. We first obtain a fundamental limit on the estimation accuracy attainable regardless of the sampling technique. Next, we provide a bound on the performance achievable using any specific sampling method. Essential differences between the noisy and noise-free cases arise from this analysis. In particular, we identify settings in which noise-free recovery techniques deteriorate substantially under slight noise levels, thus quantifying the numerical instability inherent in such methods. The results are illustrated in a time-delay estimation scenario.
RECAPRetrosynthetic Combinatorial Analysis Procedure:  A Powerful New Technique for Identifying Privileged Molecular Fragments with Useful Applications in Combinatorial Chemistry (1998)

The use of combinatorial chemistry for the generation of new lead molecules is now a well established strategy in the drug discovery process. Central to the use of combinatorial chemistry is the design and availability of high quality building blocks which are likely to afford hits from the libraries that they generate. Herein we describe "RECAP" (Retrosynthetic Combinatorial Analysis Procedure), a new computational technique designed to address this building block issue. RECAP electronically fragments molecules based on chemical knowledge. When applied to databases of biologically active molecules this allows the identification of building block fragments rich in biologically recognized elements and privileged motifs and structures. This allows the design of building blocks and the synthesis of libraries rich in biological motifs. Application of RECAP to the Derwent World Drug Index (WDI) and the molecular fragments/ building blocks that this generates are discussed. We also describe a WDI fragment knowledge base which we have built which stores the drug motifs and mention its potential application in structure based drug design programs.
Predictive Subspace Clustering (2011)

The problem of detecting clusters in high-dimensional data is increasingly common in machine learning applications, for instance in computer vision and bioinformatics. Recently, a number of approaches in the field of subspace clustering have been proposed which search for clusters in subspaces of unknown dimensions. Learning the number of clusters, the dimension of each subspace, and the correct assignments is a challenging task, and many existing algorithms often perform poorly in the presence of subspaces that have different dimensions and possibly overlap, or are otherwise computationally expensive. In this work we present a novel approach to subspace clustering that learns the numbers of clusters and the dimensionality of each subspace in an efficient way. We assume that the data points in each cluster are well represented in low-dimensions by a PCA model. We propose a measure of predictive influence of data points modelled by PCA which we minimise to drive the clustering process. The proposed predictive subspace clustering algorithm is assessed on both simulated data and on the popular Yale faces database where state-of-the-art performance and speed are obtained.
Synthesis of 9-deoxy-8,9-oxaprostaglandins (1990)

The prostanoids (14) and (18) were synthesised from the glucose derivative (1) in ca. 20 steps including, as a key reaction, the replacement of a thiocarbonate group with an allyl unit using a radical reaction.
A first generation generic system simulator (GENESYS) and its relation to the NTRS (2002)

The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS) presents projections and goals for microelectronics over the next fifteen years. A set of physical and empirical models encompassing material, device, circuit, architecture, interconnection, and packaging characteristics that describe microelectronic systems have been captured in the first generation of GENESYS, a GENEric SYstem Simulator. From technology parameters projected in the NTRS, GENESYS predicts maximum clock frequency, physical size, power dissipation, and packaging requirements of an ASIC. The outputs of GENESYS are compared to the on-chip clock frequency, chip size, and maximum power projections of the NTRS for ASICs, and then used both to calibrate GENESYS and to subject the NTRS projections to self-consistency checks.
Solid state lighting in buildings: status and future (2010)

In recent years, there has been considerable press coverage about the promise of Solid State Lighting (SSL). Despite this or perhaps because of the coverage, it can be difficult to separate hype from reality and set expectations for the near to medium term. The short answer is there are good SSL products on the market now and some poor ones. The good ones are getting better, more common, and more affordable. This paper will cover the basics of the key components that make up a luminaire which are LEDs (light emitting diode), power supply, optics, and thermo/mechanical subsystems. Each component will be reviewed with highlights as to what is important. These subsystems will then be considered as a system. Several methodologies for designing both spot and area luminaires will be discussed focusing on non-residential buildings. The topic of SSL lifetime will be discussed. Finally, trends will be explored to provide an understanding of the kinds of improvements one can expect and the timeframe over which they may occur.
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED POLYETHYLENE ON BOUNDARY LUBRICATION AND WEAR UNDER SYNOVIAL LUBRICATION: IMPLICATION FOR HIP-IMPLANT DESIGN (2001)

Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as a major bearing surface in total joint replacement prostheses for the past 30 years. However, statistical data show that after 15 years, 15-20% of these devices will have failed. This limitation in the lifetime of artificial hip joints is mainly due to wear, or more exactly, to the effect of UHMWPE wear particles. It is commonly accepted that these particles trigger a macrophage reaction that finally leads to a loosening of the shaft in the femur [1,2]. Wear processes in hip joints are believed to occur chiefly under boundary lubrication conditions. Our results show that the efficiency of boundary lubrication of UHMWPE – alumina tribopair in protein-containing solutions can be improved by modifying the surface hydrophilicity of the UHMWPE. Previous measurements revealed that an oxygen-plasma treatment of polyethylene produces significant greater hydrophilicity due to modified surface chemistry. By optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) we measured that the higher hydrophilicity of the surface leads to faster and modified protein adsorption (Fig. 1).
Derivation and Validation of a Common-Mode Model for a Neutral Point Clamped Dual Active Bridge (2022)

This paper applies a common-mode modeling approach for a Silicon Carbide (SiC) based medium voltage neutral point clamped (NPC) dual active bridge (DAB) with a 2 level Full-Bridge (2L-FB) stage utilizing an electromagnetic interference (EMI) characterization testbed. A common-mode equivalent circuit model (CEM) for the system is derived, which accurately captures the effect of cross-mode coupling behavior between differential-mode and common-mode caused by circuit asymmetries, such as baseplate capacitance of multi-chip power modules or windings in the transformer. This cross-mode coupling effect is required to accurately model EMI at the higher frequencies of the conducted emissions standards. The derived CEM shows close agreement when compared to the mixed-mode simulation, verifying the model's efficacy. Additionally, baseplate current was shown to be minimized by tying the neutral point of the converter to the heatsink, where this result can be explained through the CEM. The CEM of the NPC DAB will be validated through empirical measurements on an EMI characterization testbed. The testbed features a copper ground plane and custom-built LISNs that can handle the unfiltered harmonic and EMI content of power electronic converters.
Short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. II. Interrelation between fiber orientation and rheological properties of glass fiber‐reinforced Noryl (1989)

Abstract Mechanical properties of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics depend on the fiber orientation distribution produced during the melt flow processing step. An experimental investigation of fiber orientation during shear flow through a circular die is presented. A quantitative determination of the glass fiber orientation distribution was done by analyzing photomicrographs of polished extrudate sections. Planar and axial fiber orientation distributions as affected by shear rate and total shear are discussed. The reliability of a classical metallographic technique for fiber orientation determination was evaluated. Orientation effects are expressed by a single orientation parameter which is used to account for the average fiber orientation contribution to the relative viscosity. The influence of shear rate, total shear, fiber concentration, and temperature on fiber orientation has been investigated. It is concluded that an orientation parameter should be used to account for fiber concentration effects on the relative viscosity. Calculated values, considering the orientation parameter, show good agreement with the experimental relative viscosity results.
Hematologic disorders and ischemic stroke (1995)

Hematologic disorders that induce a thrombotic tendency contribute to overall ischemic stroke risk and may directly cause cerebral ischemia in patients without other risk factors. These disorders include platelet dysfunction, prothrombotic coagulopathies, defective fibrinolysis, abnormal red blood cell-vessel wall interactions, and antiphospholipid antibody syndromes. Multiple mechanisms promoting ischemia may underlie specific hematologic abnormalities. Improved markers for activation of platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis are now being used to correlate prothrombotic mechanisms with ischemic pathology and, thus, to make therapeutic approaches more precise. Nevertheless, finding the ideal balance between preventing cerebral ischemia and incurring hemorrhagic toxicity remains difficult.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Fabricated from Antifungal β-Peptides: Design of Surfaces that Exhibit Antifungal Activity Against Candida albicans (2010)

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans can form biofilms on the surfaces of medical devices that are resistant to drug treatment and provide a reservoir for recurrent infections. The use of fungicidal or fungistatic materials to fabricate or coat the surfaces of medical devices has the potential to reduce or eliminate the incidence of biofilm-associated infections. Here we report on (i) the fabrication of multilayered polyelectrolyte thin films (PEMs) that promote the surface-mediated release of an antifungal β-peptide and (ii) the ability of these films to inhibit the growth of C. albicans on film-coated surfaces. We incorporated a fluorescently labeled antifungal β-peptide into the structures of PEMs fabricated from poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) and poly-l-lysine (PLL) using a layer-by-layer fabrication procedure. These films remained stable when incubated in culture media at 37 °C and released β-peptide gradually into solution for up to 400 h. Surfaces coated with β-peptide-containing films inhibited the growth of C. albicans , resulting in a 20% reduction of cell viability after 2 h and a 74% decrease in metabolic activity after 7 h when compared to cells incubated on PGA/PLL-coated surfaces without β-peptide. In addition, β-peptide-containing films inhibited hyphal elongation by 55%. These results, when combined, demonstrate that it is possible to fabricate β-peptide-containing thin films that inhibit the growth and proliferation of C. albicans and provide the basis of an approach that could be used to inhibit the formation of C. albicans biofilms on film-coated surfaces. The layer-by-layer approach reported here could ultimately be used to coat the surfaces of catheters, surgical instruments, and other devices to inhibit drug-resistant C. albicans biofilm formation in clinical settings.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human alpha enolase. (1986)

We previously purified a 48-kDa protein (p48) that specifically reacts with an antiserum directed against the 12 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of the c-myc gene product. Using an antiserum directed against the purified p48, we have cloned a cDNA from a human expression library. This cDNA hybrid-selects an mRNA that translates to a 48-kDa protein that specifically reacts with anti-p48 serum. We have isolated a full-length cDNA that encodes p48 and spans 1755 bases. The coding region is 1299 bases long; 94 bases are 5' noncoding and 359 bases are 3' noncoding. The cDNA encodes a 433 amino acid protein that is 67% homologous to yeast enolase and 94% homologous to the rat non-neuronal enolase. The purified protein has been shown to have enolase activity and has been identified to be of the alpha type by isoenzyme analysis. The transcriptional regulation of enolase expression in response to mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in response to heat shock is also discussed.
Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Aromatic Hydrazones (2016)

The kinetics of hydrolysis of compounds 1–12 (Scheme 1) were investigated in acidic and basic methanol/water 1/1 solutions by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Hydrolytic stabilities of 3, 4, 10 and 11 were also studied by HPLC. Hydrolytic products of 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10 in basic media were determined by ESI-MS. The electron-withdrawing substituents decreased the hydrolysis in acidic media, whereas the electron-donating groups (–OH, –OCH3) had the opposite effect. The hydroxyl group at position 4 at salycilidene part of the molecule, and methyl group at azomethine carbon atom, prevented the hydrolysis of hydrazones in basic media. In addition, the hydroxyl groups at position 3 and 5 caused the autooxidation of the hydrolytic products, and conversion of aldehydes to respective quinones. The results obtained by different techniques were in excellent agreement.
Extracellular Vesicles Are Important Mediators That Regulate Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis via the Immune System (2023)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles with a lipid bilayer structure, and they are secreted by various cells in the body. EVs interact with and modulate the biological functions of recipient cells by transporting their cargoes, such as nucleic acids and proteins. EVs influence various biological phenomena, including disease progression. They also participate in tumor progression by stimulating a variety of signaling pathways and regulating immune system activation. EVs induce immune tolerance by suppressing CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell activation or polarizing macrophages toward the M2 phenotype, which results in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, immune checkpoint molecules are also expressed on the surface of EVs that are secreted by tumors that express these molecules, allowing tumor cells to not only evade immune cell attack but also acquire resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. During tumor metastasis, EVs contribute to microenvironmental changes in distant organs before metastatic lesions appear; thus, EVs establish a premetastatic niche. In particular, lymph nodes are adjacent organs that are connected to tumor lesions via lymph vessels, so that tumor cells metastasize to draining lymph nodes at first, such as sentinel lymph nodes. When EVs influence the microenvironment of lymph nodes, which are secondary lymphoid tissues, the immune response against tumor cells is weakened; subsequently, tumor cells spread throughout the body. In this review, we will discuss the association between EVs and tumor progression via the immune system as well as the clinical application of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
Persistency for synchronization-free regions (2018)

Nascent persistent memory (PM) technologies promise the performance of DRAM with the durability of disk, but how best to integrate them into programming systems remains an open question. Recent work extends language memory models with a persistency model prescribing semantics for updates to PM. These semantics enable programmers to design data structures in PM that are accessed like memory and yet are recoverable upon crash or failure. Alas, we find the semantics and performance of existing approaches unsatisfying. Existing approaches require high-overhead mechanisms, are restricted to certain synchronization constructs, provide incomplete semantics, and/or may recover to state that cannot arise in fault-free execution. We propose persistency semantics that guarantee failure atomicity of synchronization-free regions (SFRs) - program regions delimited by synchronization operations. Our approach provides clear semantics for the PM state recovery code may observe and extends C++11's "sequential consistency for data-race-free" guarantee to post-failure recovery code. We investigate two designs for failure-atomic SFRs that vary in performance and the degree to which commit of persistent state may lag execution. We demonstrate both approaches in LLVM v3.6.0 and compare to a state-of-the-art baseline to show performance improvement up to 87.5% (65.5% avg).
Isomeric and ground-state properties of78171Pt,76167Os, and74163W (2010)

Decay paths, half-lives, and excitation energies of the i13/2 bandheads of the neutron-deficient nuclei Pt171, Os167, and W163 have been established for the first time. Gamma-ray transitions, X-rays, and internal conversion electrons have been observed, allowing internal-conversion coefficients to be measured and B(M2) reduced transition probabilities to be extracted. These results elucidate the low-lying single-quasiparticle structures and give the energy level spacings between the νf7/2, νh9/2, and νi13/2 quasineutron states for all three nuclei. Moreover, ground-state spin assignments have been made for the first time, along with the measurement of the α-decay branching ratio for Pt171. The decay paths of the i13/2 bandheads were followed by favored α decays, indicating that all three nuclei have the same Iπ=7/2− ground state.
A General and Simple Method for Camera Pose and Focal Length Determination (2014)

In this paper, we revisit the pose determination problem of a partially calibrated camera with unknown focal length, hereafter referred to as the PnPf problem, by using n(n ≥ 4) 3D-to-2D point correspondences. Our core contribution is to introduce the angle constraint and derive a compact bivariate polynomial equation for each point triplet. Based on this polynomial equation, we propose a truly general method for the PnPf problem, which is suited both to the minimal 4-point based RANSAC application, and also to large scale scenarios with thousands of points, irrespective of the 3D point configuration. In addition, by solving bivariate polynomial systems via the Sylvester resultant, our method is very simple and easy to implement. Its simplicity is especially obvious when one needs to develop a fast solver for the 4-point case on the basis of the characteristic polynomial technique. Experiment results have also demonstrated its superiority in accuracy and efficiency when compared with the existing state-of-the-art solutions.
The effects of radiation on the terrestrial operation of SiC MOSFETs (2018)

Terrestrial neutron induced reliability concerns are quantified for silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs and silicon carbide power diodes using the terrestrial neutron simulator at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The experiments are used to determine failure in time (FIT) curves for these SiC power devices, and compare their curves with those of silicon power counterparts. The comparisons indicate significantly lower FIT rates for SiC devices at the rated voltage; however, the SiC FIT curves exhibit a tail extending into low biases resulting in nonzero albeit low FIT numbers.
The Impact of Polarization-Dependent Gain on the Design of Cascaded Semiconductor Optical Amplifier CWDM Systems (2006)

We derive an engineering methodology and study the impact of polarization-dependent gain (PDG) on the design of cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing systems. System specifications can be determined based on receiver optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) requirements and cascaded-SOA OSNR penalty calculations that include a simplified model to calculate PDG statistics.
Low Loss 28 GHz Digital Phase Shifter for 5G Phased Array Transceivers (2018)

Integrated 28-GHz reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) with near-constant insertion-loss for next generation 5G applications is demonstrated in this paper. This differential RTPS design employs a diagonal configuration for the coupler and a 6-bit binary weighted switched varactors array for PVT-robust phase tuning. The IC occupies area of 840 × 800μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and was fabricated in 0.12 μm SiGe BiCMOS process, using CMOS features only. The measured results show state of the art insertion loss of 4±1dB and phase tuning range larger than 180 degrees at 24-31 GHz. At 28 GHz, the phase shifter exhibits insertion loss of 4±0.35 dB, and achieves tuning range of 210 degrees with zero power consumption.
Progress in the search for genetic linkage with Tourette syndrome: an exclusion map covering more than 50% of the autosomal genome. (1991)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and reduced penetrance at a single genetic locus. Several research groups have genetic linkage studies underway to detect the chromosomal location of the gene that predisposes for this disorder. Strong and clear evidence of linkage has not yet been produced for Tourette syndrome. This paper presents an overview of the methods and progress of the groups centered at Yale University and Erasmus University in excluding linkage from a large portion of the genome. Our labs have screened 228 genetic marker loci for linkage with a gene for this disorder in a series of affected families in the United States, Canada, The Netherlands, and Norway. More than 50% (and perhaps as much as 66%) of the autosomal genome has now been excluded on the assumption that genetic heterogeneity is not an important factor in the Tourette syndrome pedigrees pooled for this summary.
Genotoxic Signature in Cord Blood Cells of Newborns Exposed In Utero to a Zidovudine-Based Antiretroviral Combination (2013)

The cord blood cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, from newborns exposed in utero to a zidovudine-based ARV combination present cytogenetic and transcriptional abnormalities compatible with DNA damage.
Electron conduction across vesicular bilayer membranes induced by a caroviologen molecular wire (1991)

The zwitterionic caroviologen 12±, incorporated into vesicle bilayer membranes, functions as a molecular wire mediating electron transfer from an external reducing phase to an internal oxidising phase.
Detecting model-plant mismatch without external excitation (2015)

Any discrepancy between a process and the associated model used in control design will compromise closed-loop performance. In almost all current techniques to detect model-plant mismatch in model-based control systems there must be some sort of external excitation to overcome the effect of unmeasured disturbances on closed-loop signals. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that enables us to detect model-plant mismatch without introducing any external excitation. We show that model-plant mismatch in a closed loop system changes the cross-correlation coefficients between the model prediction error and the process input at certain lags. Indeed, by comparing the correlation between prediction error and input signals in the case of poor performance with that under good performance, one can detect model-plant mismatch. The results are illustrated on paper machine data.