gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wafer LMC accuracy improvement by adding mask model (2010)

Mask effect will be more sensitive for wafer printing in high-end technology. For advance only using current wafer model can not predict real wafer behavior accurately because it do not concern real mask performance (CD error, corner rounding..). Generally, we use wafer model to check whether our OPC results can satisfy our requirements (CD target). Through simulation on post-OPC patterns by using wafer model, we can check whether these post-OPC patterns can meet our target. Hence, accuracy model can help us to predict real wafer printing results and avoid OPC verification error. To Improve simulation verification accuracy at wafer level and decrease false alarm. We must consider mask effect like corner rounding and line-end shortening...etc in high-end mask. UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation) has cooperated with Brion and DNP to evaluate whether the wafer LMC (Lithography Manufacturability Check) (Brion hot spots prediction by simulation contour) accuracy can be improved by adding mask model into LMC verification procedure. We combine mask model (DNP provide 45nm node Poly mask model) and wafer model (UMC provide 45nm node Poly wafer model) then build up a new model that called M-FEM (Mask Focus Energy Matrix model) (Brion fitting M-FEM model). We compare the hotspots prediction between M-FEM model and baseline wafer model by LMC verification. Some different hotspots between two models were found. We evaluate whether the hotspots of M-FEM is more close to wafer printing results.
Novel Treatment of Neck Wrinkles with an Intradermal Radiofrequency Device (2015)

Neck wrinkles commonly develop owing to the aging process. However, recently, the number of patients with neck wrinkles has been increasing. Also, an increasing number of young patients have presented with this condition, possibly because of the effect of the head-down posture that they adopt when using their computer or smartphone. We report two cases of young adults with a prominent neck wrinkle. In case 1, a 29-year-old woman with a neck wrinkle was treated with six intradermal radiofrequency (RF) procedures. Her neck wrinkle was significantly improved with the RF treatment. In case 2, a 32-year-old woman with a wrinkle and generalized light brownish tiny papules on the neck was treated with three intradermal RF procedures simultaneously with 30% glycolic acid peeling. Her wrinkle and skin tone were improved dramatically. We conclude that intradermal RF has a considerable efficacy for reducing neck wrinkles.
FT-DLTS studies on deep levels in InAs quantum dashes grown on InP (2011)

In this paper, we present a DLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy) study on InAs quantum dashes (QDas) grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy on InP(001) substrates. These QDas are formed using the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode which undergoes from such strained epitaxy. The control of the growth conditions allows us to dispose of InAs QDas emitting at 1.55 µm. Isothermal capacitance/voltage (C-V-T) and transient capacitance spectroscopy measurements are performed to probe the temperature and electric-field dependence of the electron emission from charged QDas. Due to the high leakage current undergoing by the Schottky contact on the InP capped layer of our sample structure, only three energy levels have been found within the 10K–160K temperature range, at energies of 260 meV, 144 meV and 40 meV below the bottom edge of InP conduction band, respectively. This paper focuses on the study of the different mechanisms of emission process such as tunnelling mechanism and thermionic emission from the QDas confined states in order to identify the energy levels induced by these QDas.
MICROFLUIDIC SYNTHESIS OF SQUISHY BIO-MIMETIC PARTICLES WITH TUNABLE DEFORMABILITY (2008)

We demonstrate a method, based upon photopolymerization in microfluidic devices, for the synthesis of polymeric hydrogel microparticles with anisotropic shape and tunable flexibility. The particles are of comparable size and shape to red blood cells (RBCs) and have tunable deformability resulting in bio-mimetic properties. We discuss means of particle synthesis and characterization of particle deformability. Our approach is unique in that we decouple particle size, shape, and chemical properties exerting independent control over each feature. The deformability of the particles is controlled by varying the crosslinking density of the hydrogel.
Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 E8^E2 represses expression of late protein E4 in basal-like keratinocytes via NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor complexes to enable wart formation in vivo (2023)

High-risk human papillomaviruses (PV) account for approximately 600,000 new cancers per year. The early protein E8^E2 is a conserved repressor of PV replication, whereas E4 is a late protein that arrests cells in G2 and collapses keratin filaments to facilitate virion release. While inactivation of the Mus musculus PV1 (MmuPV1) <i>E8</i> start codon (E8-) increases viral gene expression, surprisingly, it prevents wart formation in FoxN1<sup>nu/nu</sup> mice. To understand this surprising phenotype, the impact of additional E8^E2 mutations was characterized in tissue culture and mice. MmuPV1 and HPV E8^E2 similarly interact with cellular NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor complexes. Disruption of the splice donor sequence used to generate the <i>E8^E2</i> transcript or E8^E2 mutants (mt) with impaired binding to NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 activates MmuPV1 transcription in murine keratinocytes. These MmuPV1 E8^E2 mt genomes also fail to induce warts in mice. The phenotype of E8^E2 mt genomes in undifferentiated cells resembles productive PV replication in differentiated keratinocytes. Consistent with this, E8^E2 mt genomes induced aberrant E4 expression in undifferentiated keratinocytes. In line with observations for HPV, MmuPV1 E4-positive cells displayed a shift to the G2 phase of the cell cycle. In summary, we propose that in order to enable both expansion of infected cells and wart formation <i>in vivo</i>, MmuPV1 E8^E2 inhibits E4 protein expression in the basal keratinocytes that would otherwise undergo E4-mediated cell cycle arrest. IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses (PVs) initiate productive replication, which is characterized by genome amplification and expression of E4 protein strictly within suprabasal, differentiated keratinocytes. Mus musculus PV1 mutants that disrupt splicing of the E8^E2 transcript or abolish the interaction of E8^E2 with cellular NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor complexes display increased gene expression in tissue culture but are unable to form warts <i>in vivo</i>. This confirms that the repressor activity of E8^E2 is required for tumor formation and genetically defines a conserved E8 interaction domain. E8^E2 prevents expression of E4 protein in basal-like, undifferentiated keratinocytes and thereby their arrest in G2 phase. Since binding of E8^E2 to NCoR/SMRT-HDAC3 co-repressor is required to enable expansion of infected cells in the basal layer and wart formation <i>in vivo</i>, this interaction represents a novel, conserved, and potentially druggable target.
Dental Composite Formulation Design with Bioactivity on Protein Adsorption Combined with Crack-Healing Capability (2017)

Fracture and secondary caries are the primary reasons for the failure of dental restorations. To face this omnipresent problem, we report the formulation design and synthesis of a protein-resistant dental composite composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) that also can self-repair damage and recover the load-bearing capability via microencapsulated triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dihydroxy ethyl-<i>p</i>-toluidine (DHEPT). The bioactivity of the resulting MPC-microencapsulated TEGDMA-DHEPT was evaluated on protein adsorption through early bacterial attachment. Its mechanical properties were also investigated, including self-healing assessment. Microcapsules of poly (urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) were synthesized by incorporating a TEGDMA-DHEPT healing liquid. A set of composites that contained 7.5% of MPC, 10% of microcapsules, and without MPC/microcapsules were also prepared as controls. The two distinct characteristics of strong protein repellency and load-bearing recovery were achieved by the combined strategies. The novel dual composite with a combination of protein-repellent MPC and PUF microcapsules for restoring microcracks is a promising strategy for dental restorations to address the two main challenges of fracture and secondary caries. The new dual composite formulation design has the potential to improve the longevity of dental restorations significantly.
Probabilistic Inferencing for Location (2003)

INTRODUCTION Automatically measuring the location of a person or device for ubiquitous computing always involves the conversion of a raw measurement into a location measurement. While this process is a prepackaged part of some sensors (e.g. GPS and cell phones), researchers are often faced with making this conversion on their own as part of their efforts to deploy novel sensing technologies. This paper describes and discusses various general techniques that researchers have adopted for processing sensor readings into location measurements, emphasizing probabilistic approaches. Reasoning probabilistically is attractive because it naturally accounts for the uncertainty and ambiguity of sensor data, and a probabilistic representation is a good way to communicate uncertainty to higher level modules that exploit location. The paper concludes by advocating recursive filtering as the best general technique to use, with particle filtering having a slight advantage over the next best recursive technique, the hidden Markov model.
Cyber-physical integration in future aviation information systems (2012)

Advances in airframe and digital avionics during the last century have made the aircraft capable of superior flight and airspace systems incur zero accidents today. Future aircraft and the airspace systems, however, will increasingly rely on “cyber” advances, particularly, in network and information technologies. We envision that “cyber-physical” integration is central to the design and performance of these future aviation information systems. We propose a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) abstraction as a missing framework for future aviation information systems. In this paper, we consider the e-enabled aircraft and Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems as specific CPS instances. We apply our CPS framework to complex interactions between avionics, aircraft internal and external environment, airspace, and off-board systems. Furthermore, we propose a novel avionics-based CPS solution for controlling large volumes of air traffic using the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) and airborne networking in ATM. We discuss future challenges with introducing tight cyber-physical integrations in aircraft, including those from evolving dynamics and unpredictability of adverse conditions in cyberspace and physical world.
Bioengineered yeast-derived vacuoles with enhanced tissue-penetrating ability for targeted cancer therapy (2015)

Despite the appreciable success of synthetic nanomaterials for targeted cancer therapy in preclinical studies, technical challenges involving their large-scale, cost-effective production and intrinsic toxicity associated with the materials, as well as their inability to penetrate tumor tissues deeply, limit their clinical translation. Here, we describe biologically derived nanocarriers developed from a bioengineered yeast strain that may overcome such impediments. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was genetically engineered to produce nanosized vacuoles displaying human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific affibody for active targeting. These nanosized vacuoles efficiently loaded the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) and were effectively endocytosed by cultured cancer cells. Their cancer-targeting ability, along with their unique endomembrane compositions, significantly enhanced drug penetration in multicellular cultures and improved drug distribution in a tumor xenograft. Furthermore, Dox-loaded vacuoles successfully prevented tumor growth without eliciting any prolonged immune responses. The current study provides a platform technology for generating cancer-specific, tissue-penetrating, safe, and scalable biological nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy.
On the concept of immediate probabilities (1995)

The problem of decision making under doubt is described. the concept of immediate probabilities is introduced. It is seen as a modification of typical probabilistic knowledge with information about the payoffs, mediated through dispositional information (optimism/pessimism), resulting in a modified formulation of an agents perception of the probabilities in effect in the current decision. We use the Dempster rule of combination to help obtain an expression for these probabilities. We show how immediate probabilities allows us to explain the Allais paradox. A number of properties of these probabilities are described. the strategic use of these probabilities are explored as a means for effecting other people's decisions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Desorbed Gases from Surface: Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (2007)

Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) has been commonly employed to evaluate the outgassing properties of both vacuum materials and thin films. Hydrogen, water, CO and CO2 —the most dominant gas species— can be easily detected and quantified by quadrupole mass spectrometry. This paper examines two calibration methods to convert ion current into outgassing rate: first, by using the standard leak of each gas and, second, by using an absolute pressure gauge. TDS is demonstrated for two different types of samples: stainless steel and amorphous Si (a-Si) film. In the case of stainless steel, samples blasted with glass beads were compared with chemically polished samples, and the TDS results' relationship to pumping down properties was investigated. The a-Si film examined was formed using a low temperature poly silicon process. Its hydrogen concentration as determined by TDS corresponded with that obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The outgassing temperature characteristics obtained for both the stainless steel and a-Si samples provided valuable information.
Prior Reward Conditioning Dampens Hippocampal and Striatal Responses during an Associative Memory Task (2020)

Offering reward during encoding typically leads to better memory [Adcock, R. A., Thangavel, A., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S.,Knutson, B., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. Reward-motivated learning: Mesolimbic activation precedes memory formation. <i>Neuron</i>, <i>50</i>, 507-517, 2006]. Whether such memory benefit persists when tested in a different task context remains, however, largely understudied [Wimmer, G. E., & Buechel, C. Reactivation of reward-related patterns from single past episodes supports memory-based decision making. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, <i>36</i>, 2868-2880, 2016]. Here, we ask whether reward at encoding leads to a generalized advantage across learning episodes, a question of high importance for any everyday life applications, from education to patient rehabilitation. Although we confirmed that offering monetary reward increased responses in the ventral striatum and pleasantness judgments for pictures used as stimuli, this immediate beneficial effect of reward did not carry over to a subsequent and different picture-location association memory task during which no reward was delivered. If anything, a trend for impaired memory accuracy was observed for the initially high-rewarded pictures as compared to low-rewarded ones. In line with this trend in behavioral performance, fMRI activity in reward (i.e., ventral striatum) and in memory (i.e., hippocampus) circuits was reduced during the encoding of new associations using previously highly rewarded pictures (compared to low-reward pictures). These neural effects extended to new pictures from same, previously highly rewarded semantic category. Twenty-four hours later, delayed recall of associations involving originally highly rewarded items was accompanied by decreased functional connectivity between the hippocampus and two brain regions implicated in value-based learning, the ventral striatum and the ventromedial PFC. We conclude that acquired reward value elicits a downward value-adjustment signal in the human reward circuit when reactivated in a novel nonrewarded context, with a parallel disengagement of memory-reward (hippocampal-striatal) networks, likely to undermine new associative learning. Although reward is known to promote learning, here we show how it may subsequently hinder hippocampal and striatal responses during new associative memory formation.
Bayesian Denoising: From MAP to MMSE Using Consistent Cycle Spinning (2013)

We introduce a new approach for the implementation of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) denoising for signals with decoupled derivatives. Our method casts the problem as a penalized least-squares regression in the redundant wavelet domain. It exploits the link between the discrete gradient and Haar-wavelet shrinkage with cycle spinning. The redundancy of the representation implies that some wavelet-domain estimates are inconsistent with the underlying signal model. However, by imposing additional constraints, our method finds wavelet-domain solutions that are mutually consistent. We confirm the MMSE performance of our method through statistical estimation of Lévy processes that have sparse derivatives.
On Extra Delays Affecting I/O Blocks of an SRAM-Based FPGA Due to Ionizing Radiation (2014)

This paper aims at characterizing additional delays induced by ionizing radiation in Input/Output Blocks (IOBs) of Static Random-Access Memory Based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (SRAM-Based FPGAs), using measurement techniques based on ring oscillators (ROs). This characterization effort includes experiments performed with proton irradiation at TRIUMF on Xilinx devices (Virtex-5 and Artix-7). Results from these irradiation experiments show that RO period variations, up to 6.2 ns for Virtex-5 and 3.8 ns for Artix-7, could be induced. These results also reveal that the occurrence rate of events (namely delays and breaks) affecting ROs implemented in IOBs is approaching the rate observed when ROs are implemented in the FPGA core, even if the number of configuration bits dedicated to IOBs is significantly lower than for the FPGA core. These radiation test experiments are supported by emulation using similar RO-based measurement techniques and Xilinx SEU Controller as a fault injector. The fault injection experiments allow a better understanding of the behaviour of IOBs affected by additional delays due to configuration bit flips, which in many cases is similar to what can be observed with an incorrect parameter setting. Emulation experiments also reveal that many of the events modifying IOB behaviour are found to require multiple bit fault injection.
NAD+ bioavailability mediates PARG inhibition-induced replication arrest, intra S-phase checkpoint and apoptosis in glioma stem cells (2021)

Elevated expression of the DNA damage response proteins PARP1 and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) in glioma stem cells (GSCs) suggests that glioma may be a unique target for PARG inhibitors (PARGi). While PARGi-induced cell death is achieved when combined with ionizing radiation, as a single agent PARG inhibitors appear to be mostly cytostatic. Supplementation with the NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) rapidly increased NAD<sup>+</sup> levels in GSCs and glioma cells, inducing PARP1 activation and mild suppression of replication fork progression. Administration of NRH+PARGi triggers hyperaccumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), intra S-phase arrest and apoptosis in GSCs but minimal PAR induction or cytotoxicity in normal astrocytes. PAR accumulation is regulated by select PARP1- and PAR-interacting proteins. The involvement of XRCC1 highlights the base excision repair pathway in responding to replication stress while enhanced interaction of PARP1 with PCNA, RPA and ORC2 upon PAR accumulation implicates replication associated PARP1 activation and assembly with pre-replication complex proteins upon initiation of replication arrest, the intra S-phase checkpoint and the onset of apoptosis.
Fast evaluation of structured queries for information retrieval (1995)

Information retrieval systems are being challenged to manage larger and larger document collections. In an effort to provide better retrieval performance on large collections, more sophisticated retrieval techniques have been developed that support rich, structured queries. Structured queries are not amenable to previously proposed optimization techniques. Optimizing execution, however, is even more important in the context of large document collections. We present a new structured query optimization technique which we have implemented in an inference network-based information retrieval system. Experimental results show that query evaluation time can be reduced by more than half with little impact on retrieval effectiveness.
An exploration of the perceived friendship, social support and understanding of empathy among the membership of four Gaelic Athletic Association juvenile clubs (2020)

Based on the premise that little is known about the social benefits of sport to youth, this study explores the perceived friendship, social support and understanding of empathy among the membership of four Gaelic Athletic Association juvenile clubs. The study is underpinned by a review of the literature relating to youth development, formal and non-formal education, friendships, social support, and empathy. The study utilises a mixed methods approach including the use of reliable and validated instruments comprising measurements for perceived sources and quality of supportive relationships; amounts and types of support and understanding of empathy. In total, 130 respondents completed all questionnaires, while 20 youth participated in one to one interviews, with the researcher completing a further 64 individualised observations of respondents. Key results indicate that participants perceived high levels of social support as available to them from family, friends and within their local GAA Clubs. Furthermore, respondents perceived themselves as capable of making and sustaining friendships and see having fun as a core medium for building relationships through sport. Respondents understand the concept of empathy and can give examples of compassion within a sporting context. Respondents do not see online friendships as being ‘real-life’ friends when compared to face to face alliances through sport. Respondents perceive adult coaches as friends and important sources of support. Based on findings, recommendations are made for youth work and social services as well as sporting organisations.
Chest pain in Brugada syndrome: Prevalence, correlations, and prognosis role (2020)

Chest pain is a common cause for BrS diagnosis, although major part is not apparently explained by ischemic heart disease. Mechanisms leading to chest main remain unknown in the other ones. ST elevation is higher in this situation but does not seem to carry poor prognosis.
Tick Tock, a Vitamin C Clock (2002)

An iodine clock reaction that gives a colorless to black result similar to that of the familiar Landolt iodate-bisulfite clock reaction is described. The vitamin C clock reaction uses chemicals that are readily available on the retail market: vitamin C, tincture of iodine, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and laundry starch. Orange juice may be used as the vitamin C source to give an orange to black reaction.