gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Core−Shell Structure of Degradable, Thermosensitive Polymeric Micelles Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (2008)

The structure of assemblies of block copolymers composed of thermosensitive, biodegradable poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-dilactate) and poly(ethylene glycol) (pHPMAmDL-b-PEG) has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Three amphiphilic copolymers with a fixed PEG of 5 kDa and a partially deuterated pHPMAmDL(d) block of 6700, 10400, or 21200 Da were used to form micelles in aqueous media by heating the polymeric solution from below to above the cloud point temperature (around 10 degrees C) of the thermosensitive block. Simultaneous and quantitative analysis of the scattering cross sections obtained at three different solvent contrasts is expedited using core-shell model, which assumed a homogeneous core of uniform scattering length density. The mean core radius increased from 13 to 18.5 nm with the molecular weight of the pHPMAmDL(d) block, while the thickness of the stabilizing PEG layer was around 8 nm for the three investigated assemblies. In addition, the volume fraction values of the stabilizing PEG chains in the shell are low and decreased from 31% to 14% with increasing the size of pHPMAmDL(d) block which shows that the shell layer of the assemblies is highly hydrated. The corresponding PEG chain grafting densities decreased from 0.22 to 0.11 nm-2 and the distance between PEG chains on the nanoparticles surface increased from 2.4 to 3.4 nm. The pHPMAmDL-b-PEG micelles showed a controlled instability due to hydrolysis of the lactic acid side groups in the thermosensitive block; that is, an increase of the degradation time leads to an increase of the size of the core which becomes less hydrophobic and consequently more hydrated. Neutron experiments supplied accurate information on how the size of the core and the micelle's aggregation number changed with the incubation time. This feature and the initially small size and dense structure in aqueous solution make the polymeric micelles suitable as carriers for hydrophobic drugs.
Towards InGaAs MS-DRAM Memory Cells (2018)

The need of a low-power, fast and low-cost CMOS compatible embedded DRAM cell is rising incessantly with the upcoming Internet of Things (IoT) era [1]. Capacitor-less DRAM cells [2, 3] have emerged as a promising solution since they do not require dedicated fabrication steps to deal with the storage node. Among this breeze of cells, the MSDRAM [4] can be highlighted due to the simpler manufacturing process. The MSDRAM (Meta-Stable-Dip RAM) memory operation is based on inter-gate coupling [5] and non-equilibrium state [6]. The back gate (ground-plane) is biased positively to induce a virtual n-type back-channel while the front-gate voltage is negative to retain any available hole in the body. By modulating the hole population at the front-channel, the vertical top-gate induced electric field is screened (or not) so that the back electron-channel is maintained (or depleted). Depending upon the back-channel depletion degree different conductance values are achieved defining the logic ‘1’ and ‘0’ memory states. State programming is carried out by injecting holes by band-to-band tunneling at the drain edge (W 1 ) or evacuating holes by top-gate capacitive coupling (W 0 ) In this work, a III-V InGaAs MSDRAM cell is built and its memory operation is demonstrated by TCAD numerical simulations in Synopsys [7, 8]. The detailed structure and the doping are shown in Fig.1. The basic memory operation is depicted in Fig. 2a for a W 0 -R-W 1 -R-W 0 -R sequence with W 1/0 being the ‘1’/’0’ state programming and R the reading. The current after any W 0 operation remains much lower than after W 1 . Figure 2b represents the body electron and hole densities after the first W 0 and W 1 , respectively. Following W 0 , the hole density is limited underneath the top dielectric allowing a strong vertical field that depletes the back-channel from electrons leading to a drastic drop in the conductance and thus in the drain current. On the contrary, after generating holes by band-to-band tunneling during W 1 , the electron back-channel is reinforced enabling a larger current level while reading afterward. In conclusion, preliminary TCAD results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing the MSDRAM concept on III-V materials. REMINDER project (No 687931) is thanked for support. Figure 1
Second Chern crystals with inherently non-trivial topology (2022)

Chern insulators have been generalized to many classical wave systems and thereby lead to many potential applications such as robust waveguides, quantum computation and high-performance lasers. However, the band structure of a material can be either topologically trivial or non-trivial, depending on how the crystal structure is designed. Here, we propose a second Chern crystal in a four-dimensional parameter space by introducing two extra synthetic translation dimensions. Since the topology of the bulk bands in the synthetic translation space is intrinsically non-trivial, our proposed four-dimensional crystal is guaranteed to be topologically non-trivial regardless of the crystal's detailed configuration. We derive the topologically protected modes on the lower dimensional boundaries of such a crystal via dimension reduction. Remarkably, we observe the one-dimensional gapless dislocation modes and confirm their robustness in experiments. Our findings provide novel perspectives on topologically non-trivial crystals and may inspire designs of classical wave devices.
Radiation Damage in Solid 5-Halouracils: Deoxyribose Ring Opening in Single Crystals of 5-Chloro- and 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (1979)

H. Oloff, E. Haindl, , Radiation Damage in Solid 5-Halouracils: Deoxyribose Ring Opening in Single Crystals of 5-Chloro- and 5-Bromodeoxyuridine, Radiation Research, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Dec., 1979), pp. 447-463
Improved estimation of cancer dependencies from large-scale RNAi screens using model-based normalization and data integration (2018)

The availability of multiple datasets together comprising hundreds of genome-scale RNAi viability screens across a diverse range of cancer cell lines presents new opportunities for understanding cancer vulnerabilities. Integrated analyses of these data to assess differential dependency across genes and cell lines are challenging due to confounding factors such as batch effects and variable screen quality, as well as difficulty assessing gene dependency on an absolute scale. To address these issues, we incorporated estimation of cell line screen quality parameters and hierarchical Bayesian inference into an analytical framework for analyzing RNAi screens (DEMETER2; https://depmap.org/R2-D2). We applied this model to individual large-scale datasets and show that it substantially improves estimates of gene dependency across a range of performance measures, including identification of gold-standard essential genes as well as agreement with CRISPR-Cas9-based viability screens. This model also allows us to effectively integrate information across three large RNAi screening datasets, providing a unified resource representing the most extensive compilation of cancer cell line genetic dependencies to date.
A new approach to the management of environmental information (1999)

This thesis details three case studies that center on providing users with improved access to environmental data and suggest an information model. 
The first case study describes the creation of a prototype metadata system CODIS (the Continental and Oceanographic Information System). It examines the creation of an effective database organization for a multidisciplinary information system and the generation of conventions and techniques to assemble and structure multidisciplinary data. These conventions included the requirement for input using previously prepared lists and the development of parallel data structures between disciplines to facilitate data entry and searching. This improved database organization was demonstrated to decrease the time needed for data entry while reducing error rates in the entered data. 
Data in CODIS are appraised for reliability using discipline-specific protocols. 
Contextual evaluation, developed in the second case study, provides insight into the potential applicability of data in databases. The NCIS (National Contaminants Information System) study examines the development of a system to create contextual metadata to be stored with archival data. Contextual evaluation is carried out by examining and documenting each step in the experimental process. This study entailed developing a set of protocols for the assessment, and creating educational tools to ensure their effective implementation. NCIS groups datasets as either experiments or surveys, with only experiments being evaluated for context. It was necessary to develop a unified organizational scheme to classify diverse research and monitoring activities into defined categories. The process was reviewed and a refined version is currently in use across Canada in the implementation of NCIS. The case study highlighted difficulties associated with the division into experiments and surveys. 
The third case study examines the censoring of data, a practice that involves reporting values as unknown or undetected when their existence is known. This study of the British Columbia, Ministry of Environment's Environmental Management System (EMS) examines the limitations placed on secondary users and metadata, systems by storing censored data in archives. It includes a survey of current practices in environmental analytical laboratories and investigates the statistical tools used to remediate censored data. The case study concludes that censoring of data severely limits the secondary use of otherwise high-quality data. 
A gap-analysis of the studied systems leads to a set of recommendations and responsibilities that highlight the critical insights derived from the case studies and emphasize shared responsibility by all partners in the data-to-decision process. The thesis then presents a three-tiered conceptual model for a general environmental information system. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Design of InGaN/GaN/AlGaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using electrical-thermal-optical simulation (2000)

Three-dimensional electric-thermal-optical numerical simulator is developed and applied to model group-III-nitride-based intracavity-contacted vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with InGaN multi-quantum-well active region. The optical model based on the effective frequency method is combined with electrical-thermal simulator using the control volume method. Isothermal (pulsed regime imitation) and CW modes of operation are calculated over a range of voltages, covering sub-threshold spontaneous emission and lasing emission. Effects of current crowding at the active-region periphery are examined, and in particular an impact on mode profiles of spatial hole burning superimposed on nonuniform gain distribution is studied. In order to reduce the current crowding and provide more uniform gain distribution within the active region, a semitransparent p-side contact design is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alkylation of Anilines, Carboxamides and Several Nitrogen Heterocycles Using CsF—Celite/Alkyl Halides/CH3CN Combination. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simulatable Adaptive Oblivious Transfer. (2008)

Abstract. We study an adaptive variant of oblivious transfer in which a sender has N messages, of which a receiver can adaptively choose to re-ceive k one-after-the-other, in such a way that (a) the sender learns noth-ing about the receiver’s selections, and (b) the receiver only learns about the k requested messages. We propose two practical protocols for this primitive that achieve a stronger security notion than previous schemes with comparable efficiency. In particular, by requiring full simulatabil-ity for both sender and receiver security, our notion prohibits a subtle selective-failure attack not addressed by the security notions achieved by previous practical schemes. Our first protocol is a very efficient generic construction from unique blind signatures in the random oracle model. The second construction does not assume random oracles, but achieves remarkable efficiency with only a constant number of group elements sent during each transfer. This second construction uses novel techniques for building efficient simulat-able protocols. 1
Effect of Feed Restriction on Performance and Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism in Pigs Co-Infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Swine Influenza Virus (2014)

As nutritional status and inflammation are strongly connected, feeding and nutritional strategies could be effective to improve the ability of pigs to cope with disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of a feed restriction on the ability of pigs to resist and be tolerant to a coinfection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and the European H1N1 swine influenza virus, and the consequences for nutrient metabolism, with a focus on amino acids. Two groups of specific pathogen-free pigs were inoculated with Mhp and H1N1 21 days apart. One group was fed ad libitum, the other group was subjected to a two-week 40% feed restriction starting one week before H1N1 infection. The two respective mock control groups were included. Three days post-H1N1 infection, 200 g of feed was given to pigs previously fasted overnight and serial blood samples were taken over 4 hours to measure plasma nutrient concentrations. Throughout the study, clinical signs were observed and pathogens were detected in nasal swabs and lung tissues. Feed-restricted pigs presented shorter hyperthermia and a positive mean weight gain over the 3 days post-H1N1 infection whereas animals fed ad libitum lost weight. Both infection and feed restriction reduced postprandial glucose concentrations, indicating changes in glucose metabolism. Post-prandial plasma concentrations of the essential amino acids histidine, arginine and threonine were lower in co-infected pigs suggesting a greater use of those amino acids for metabolic purposes associated with the immune response. Altogether, these results indicate that modifying feeding practices could help to prepare animals to overcome an influenza infection. Connections with metabolism changes are discussed.
Empirical design technique for management and GMPLS-signaling communication networks (2008)

A technique to design signaling and management communication networks (SCN and MCN) is proposed based on experiments using a GMPLS-enabled network. This design technique will provide SCNs and MCNs with a sufficient bandwidth for packet loss-free and jitter-less transmission.
Deoxymorphines: role of the phenolic hydroxyl in antinociception and opiate receptor interactions (1979)

Several 3-deoxy opioids and 3,6-dideoxydihydromorphine was synthesized to ascertain the effect of the phenolic hydroxyl group on antinociceptive potency and receptor binding affinity. Catalytic reduction of the 3-tetrazolyl ether derivatives of dihydromorphine provided the entry into the 3-deoxydihydro series. The prototype, 3-deoxymorphine, was prepared by lithium aluminum hydride reduction of 3-deoxy-N-carbethoxymorphinone, obtained via its 7-(phenylseleno) derivative. 3-Deoxydihydromorphinone and 3,6-dideoxydihydromorphine were found to be about as potent as, or more potent than, morphine in standard antiociceptive assays. Each of them, however, was less potent than the comparable 3-hydroxy analogue, and their binding affinity to the opiate receptor was substantially decreased. The epoxy ring in 3.6-dideoxydihydromorphine was found to increase the antinociceptive potency of the compound.
Disengagement of a Locking Screw from a Modular Stem in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. A Report of Three Cases* (1997)

WESTRICH, GEOFFREY H. M.D.†; HIDAKA, CHISA M.D.†; WINDSOR, RUSSELL E. M.D.†, NEW YORK, N.Y. Author Information
Targeted gene therapy and cell reprogramming in F anconi anemia (2014)

Gene targeting is progressively becoming a realistic therapeutic alternative in clinics. It is unknown, however, whether this technology will be suitable for the treatment of DNA repair deficiency syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA), with defects in homology-directed DNA repair. In this study, we used zinc finger nucleases and integrase-defective lentiviral vectors to demonstrate for the first time that FANCA can be efficiently and specifically targeted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in fibroblasts from FA-A patients. Strikingly, up to 40% of FA fibroblasts showed gene targeting 42 days after gene editing. Given the low number of hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow of FA patients, gene-edited FA fibroblasts were then reprogrammed and re-differentiated toward the hematopoietic lineage. Analyses of gene-edited FA-iPSCs confirmed the specific integration of FANCA in the AAVS1 locus in all tested clones. Moreover, the hematopoietic differentiation of these iPSCs efficiently generated disease-free hematopoietic progenitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of correcting the phenotype of a DNA repair deficiency syndrome using gene-targeting and cell reprogramming strategies.
Effects of scatter and attenuation correction on quantitative analysis of β-CIT brain SPET (1999)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of scatter correction (SC) and attenuation correction (AC) on the quantification of dopamine transporters using 123I-beta-CIT brain SPET images. Quantitative analysis was carried out using static SPET images obtained 23 h after injection. We calculated V3" [(striatal-occipital)/occipital ratio] values from images without correction, with AC, and with SC and AC. Two types of regions of interest (ROI) were placed on the striatum: a small square ROI and a larger ROI containing most of the striatum. After validating the correction method in a phantom experiment, a human study was carried out involving eight normal volunteers and 15 patients. The larger ROI yielded smaller V3" values. The effect of attenuation correction was modest, whereas that of scatter correction was marked. It was shown that beta-CIT SPET quantification was affected by the size of the ROI, photon scattering and attenuation, and that scatter and attenuation correction improved the accuracy of the quantification. Methodological standardization in image processing and the type of ROI should be considered when a multi-centre trial is planned.
Predicting a biological response of molecules from their chemical properties using diverse and optimized ensembles of stochastic gradient boosting machine (2014)

The development of a new drug largely depends on trial and error. It typically involves synthesizing thousands of compounds that finally becomes a drug. This process is extremely expensive and slow. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict the biological activity of molecules, and understand the rationale behind those predictions would be of great value to the pharmaceutical industry. Gradient Boosting Machines (GBMs) are powerful ensemble learning techniques that have been successfully applied to several low-dimensional applications. Despite their high accuracy, GBMs suffer from major drawbacks such as high memory-consumption. In this paper, using real, high-dimensional (i.e. 1776 predictors) molecules dataset, we demonstrate that by using different feature selection/reduction techniques, the computations costs for building and tuning GBMs can be substantially reduced at a slight drop in prediction accuracy. In addition, by fusing the decisions made by the ensembles using two fusion techniques, namely a majority vote and an optimized feedforward neural network, we obtain a better prediction accuracy than the individual accuracy of all ensembles.
Fabrication of Slippery Liquid-Infused Coatings in Flexible Narrow-Bore Tubing (2021)

We report a layer-by-layer suction-and-flow approach that enables the fabrication of polymer-based "slippery" liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) in the confined luminal spaces of flexible, narrow-bore tubing. These SLIPS-coated tubes can prevent or strongly reduce surface fouling after prolonged contact, storage, or flow of a broad range of complex fluids and viscoelastic materials, including many that are relevant in the contexts of medical devices (e.g., blood and urine), food processing (beverages and fluids), and other commercial and industrial applications. The robust and mechanically compliant nature of the nanoporous coating used to host the lubricating oil phase allows these coated tubes to be bent, flexed, and coiled repeatedly without affecting their inherent slippery and antifouling behaviors. Our results also show that SLIPS-coated tubes can prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms after prolonged and repeated flow-based exposure to the human pathogen <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and that the anti-biofouling properties of these coated tubes can be further improved or prolonged by coupling this approach with strategies that permit the sustained release of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The suction-and-flow approach used here enables the application of slippery coatings in the confined luminal spaces of narrow-bore tubing that are difficult to access using several other methods for the fabrication of liquid-infused coatings and can be applied to tubing of arbitrary length and diameter. We anticipate that the materials and approaches reported here will prove useful for reducing or preventing biofouling, process fouling, and the clogging or occlusion of tubing in a wide range of consumer, industrial, and healthcare-oriented applications.
CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells control the induction of antigen-specific CD4+ helper T cell responses in cancer patients (2005)

A proportion of cancer patients naturally develop CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell responses to NY-ESO-1 that correlate with anti-NY-ESO-1 serum antibodies. To address the role of T-cell regulation in the control of spontaneous tumor immunity, we analyzed NY-ESO-1-specific Th1 cell induction before or after depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells in vitro. While Th1 cells were generated in the presence of CD25+ T cells in cancer patients seropositive for NY-ESO-1, seronegative cancer patients and healthy donors required CD25+ T-cell depletion for in vitro induction of NY-ESO-1-specific Th1 cells. In vitro, newly generated NY-ESO-1-specific Th1 cells were derived from naive precursors, whereas preexisting memory populations were detectable exclusively in patients with NY-ESO-1 antibody. Memory populations were less sensitive than naive populations to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. We propose that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are involved in the generation and regulation of NY-ESO-1-specific antitumor immunity.