gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognition and order in Langmuir-Blodgett films of a 3-hexadecyl pyrrole and ferrocene-derivatized pyrrole mixed monolayer system (1989)

Novel, self-assembled materials have been designed and produced from first principle to possess unique structural hierarchy and electronic and optical properties. The Langmuir-Blodgett technique was used to study the molecular organization of a mixed 3-hexadecyl pyrrole (3HDP) and ferrocene-derivatized pyrrole (Fc-Py) surfactant system. The pyrrole moiety was chosen for its' well established electronic and optical properties when polymerized, while ferrocene, it is theorized, if properly oriented into a Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer film may show a layered array of transition metals which would be extremely valuable as a model for two-dimensional magnets. The ferrocene group may also provide the possibility of charge coupling between neutral ferrocene and oxidized ferricenium which could be controlled electrochemically or photochemically. It has been determined that stable monolayer films of the mixed system could be formed at the air-water interface. The growth and assembly process led to polypyrrole 2-D lattices with heretofore unsurpassed order. In fact, the process of template polymerization leads to a new crystal phase for the polypyrrole component of the thin film structure. Various monolayer and multilayer films were prepared on platinum coated substrates for surface spectroscopic characterization using synchrotron radiation. Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure studies revealed that highly ordered multilayer structures are being formed. 8 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Fabrication and electrical characterization of 5&#x00D7;50um through silicon vias for 3D integration (2013)

We present fabrication, electrical characterization, and metrology analysis results of 5×50um TSVs for 3D integration. Specifically, electrical performance of blind TSVs is evaluated by capacitance-voltage (CV) and current-voltage (IV) measurements. Important electrical parameters such as oxide capacitance, minimum TSV capacitance, leakage current, and breakdown voltage are extracted and show good results. The capacitance values also closely match model predictions. The electrical testing data are further verified with a variety of materials analysis techniques.
Prospective Utility of Cerebral Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Monitoring HIV Infection and Its Associated Neurological Impairment (1994)

Neurological manifestations of HIV disease occur in most adults and children with AIDS. Many of those affected will inevitably suffer clinical neurological deficits involving mental function, movement, and sensation. Surprisingly, there are not as yet adequate monitoring systems to predict the onset and/or progression of HIV infection of the CNS. Neurological, neuropsychological, CSF, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses cannot accurately detect mental deterioration during advancing HIV disease. Reports suggest that in vivo proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS) of the brain could be a predictor of virus-induced neurological deterioration. H MRS can measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a metabolite present only in neurons. Decreased NAA reflects neuronal loss seen during HIV infection of brain. To uncover possible associations between NAA levels and HIV-induced neurological disease we performed serial 1H MRS brain tests in HIV-infected patients with or at risk for encephalopathy. Serial testing, for 1 year, of 10 patients showed that brain NAA levels decreased in all HIV-infected subjects. The most severe NAA reductions were associated with progressive neurological impairment. These findings suggest that NAA can be used as a noninvasive measure of neuronal loss in patients with HIV disease. Most important, the results suggest that 1H MRS could be used to monitor therapeutics directed against HIV infection within the CNS.
Selective Oxidation of Methane to Methanol Using Supported AuPd Catalysts Prepared by Stabilizer-Free Sol-Immobilization (2018)

The selective oxidation of methane to methanol, using H2O2, under mild reaction conditions was studied using bimetallic 1 wt % AuPd/TiO2 prepared by stabilizer-free sol-immobilization. The as-prepared catalysts exhibited low, unselective oxidation activity and deleterious H2O2 decomposition, which was ascribed to the small mean particle size of the supported AuPd nanoparticles. Heat treatments were employed to facilitate particle size growth, yielding an improvement in the catalyst turnover frequency and decreasing the H2O2 decomposition rate. The effect of support phase was studied by preparing a range of AuPd catalysts supported on rutile TiO2. The low surface area rutile TiO2 yielded catalysts with effective oxygenate production but poor H2O2 utilization. The influence of the rutile-TiO2 support was investigated further by producing catalysts with a lower metal loading to maintain a consistent metal loading per square meter compared to the 1 wt % AuPd/P25 TiO2 catalyst. When calcined at 800 °C, the 0.13 wt % AuPd catalyst demonstrated significantly improved turnover frequency of 103 h–1. In contrast, the turnover frequency was found to be ca. 2 h–1 for the rutile-supported 1 wt % AuPd catalyst calcined at 800 °C. The catalysts were probed by electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the influence of particle size and oxidation state on the utilization of H2O2 and oxygenate productivity. This work shows that the key to highly active catalysts involves the prevention of deleterious H2O2 decomposition, and this can be achieved through carefully controlling the nanoparticle size, metal loading, and metal oxidation state.
Nanoresotron - novel concept of optical nanoantenna excitation through the dissipative instability of DC current (2016)

We propose a novel physical mechanism for the excitation of optical nanoantenna which utilizes the dissipative instability of DC electric current in the quantum well. Realization of this approach in nanoplasmonics can lead to a new device - nanoresotron.
Programmable helical twisting in oriented humidity-responsive bilayer films generated by spray-coating of a chiral nematic liquid crystal (2018)

A chiral nematic liquid crystal was spray-applied onto uniaxially stretched substrates to direct the macroscopic humidity-response in bilayer actuators.
Context-Aware Local Differential Privacy (2019)

Local differential privacy (LDP) is a strong notion of privacy for individual users that often comes at the expense of a significant drop in utility. The classical definition of LDP assumes that all elements in the data domain are equally sensitive. However, in many applications, some symbols are more sensitive than others. This work proposes a context-aware framework of local differential privacy that allows a privacy designer to incorporate the application's context into the privacy definition. For binary data domains, we provide a universally optimal privatization scheme and highlight its connections to Warner's randomized response (RR) and Mangat's improved response. Motivated by geolocation and web search applications, for $k$-ary data domains, we consider two special cases of context-aware LDP: block-structured LDP and high-low LDP. We study discrete distribution estimation and provide communication-efficient, sample-optimal schemes and information-theoretic lower bounds for both models. We show that using contextual information can require fewer samples than classical LDP to achieve the same accuracy.
VASOPRESSIN TEST: DIAGNOSTIC INACCURACY IN EVALUATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL AXIS (1978)

ABSTRACT An im vasopressin test was given to 141 children and adolescents, 52 with normal HPA axis and 89 with evident or suspected defect of the axis, and repeated in 36 cases, to establish criteria of a normal response, and to examine the accuracy and precision of the responses. Comparisons were made with the responses to the 2-h ACTH, insulin and 3-h metyrapone test. The distributions of plasma cortisol levels and increments were positively skew, and a log transformation was made for appropriate statistical analysis. Maximal plasma cortisol level was positively and maximal increment negatively correlated with the basal level. In precision, the maximal level was superior to the maximal increment. Hence, a normal result was best defined by an area around the regression of maximal level on basal level in the normal series. The best single index of the response was the maximal level. A useful new method was introduced for quantitative comparison of plasma cortisol responses to different tests. The vasopressin test result was frequently normal in patients who, according to repeated insulin tests were ACTH-deficient. Furthermore, the 10 patients with organic expansive hypothalamic lesions had a mean vasopressin response, that was greater relative to the insulin response than that of the reference series. However, 3 of 21 patients with organic non-expansive hypothalamic disease gave a subnormal vasopressin response but a normal insulin response. Moreover, in isolated GH deficiency and after prednisone medication the mean vasopressin response was lower relative to the insulin response than in the reference series. Thus, this test is not reliable in screening for, or in anatomical diagnoses of ACTH deficiency.
Lizard tail regeneration as an instructive model of enhanced healing capabilities in an adult amniote (2016)

The ability to regenerate damaged or lost tissues has remained the lofty goal of regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, humans, like most mammals, suffer from very minimal natural regenerative capabilities. Certain non-mammalian animal species, however, are not so limited in their healing capabilities, and several have attracted the attention of researchers hoping to recreate enhanced healing responses in humans. This review focuses on one such animal group with remarkable regenerative abilities, the lizards. As the closest relatives of mammals that exhibit enhanced regenerative abilities as adults, lizards potentially represent the most relevant model for direct comparison and subsequent improvement of mammalian healing. Lizards are able to regenerate amputated tails and exhibit adaptations that both limit tissue damage in response to injury and initiate coordinated regenerative responses. This review summarizes the salient aspects of lizard tail regeneration as they relate to the overall regenerative process and also presents the relevant information pertaining to regrowth of specific tissues, including skeletal, muscular, nervous, and vascular tissues. The goal of this review is to introduce the topic of lizard tail regeneration to new audiences with the hope of expanding the knowledge base of this underutilized but potentially powerful model organism.
Modeling structural and functional deficiencies ofRBM20familial dilated cardiomyopathy using human induced pluripotent stem cells (2015)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure. In families with autosomal-dominant DCM, heterozygous missense mutations were identified in RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20), a spliceosome protein induced during early cardiogenesis. Dermal fibroblasts from two unrelated patients harboring an RBM20 R636S missense mutation were reprogrammed to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and differentiated to beating cardiomyocytes (CMs). Stage-specific transcriptome profiling identified differentially expressed genes ranging from angiogenesis regulator to embryonic heart transcription factor as initial molecular aberrations. Furthermore, gene expression analysis for RBM20-dependent splice variants affected sarcomeric (TTN and LDB3) and calcium (Ca(2+)) handling (CAMK2D and CACNA1C) genes. Indeed, RBM20 hiPSC-CMs exhibited increased sarcomeric length (RBM20: 1.747 ± 0.238 µm versus control: 1.404 ± 0.194 µm; P < 0.0001) and decreased sarcomeric width (RBM20: 0.791 ± 0.609 µm versus control: 0.943 ± 0.166 µm; P < 0.0001). Additionally, CMs showed defective Ca(2+) handling machinery with prolonged Ca(2+) levels in the cytoplasm as measured by greater area under the curve (RBM20: 814.718 ± 94.343 AU versus control: 206.941 ± 22.417 AU; P < 0.05) and higher Ca(2+) spike amplitude (RBM20: 35.281 ± 4.060 AU versus control:18.484 ± 1.518 AU; P < 0.05). β-adrenergic stress induced with 10 µm norepinephrine demonstrated increased susceptibility to sarcomeric disorganization (RBM20: 86 ± 10.5% versus control: 40 ± 7%; P < 0.001). This study features the first hiPSC model of RBM20 familial DCM. By monitoring human cardiac disease according to stage-specific cardiogenesis, this study demonstrates RBM20 familial DCM is a developmental disorder initiated by molecular defects that pattern maladaptive cellular mechanisms of pathological cardiac remodeling. Indeed, hiPSC-CMs recapitulate RBM20 familial DCM phenotype in a dish and establish a tool to dissect disease-relevant defects in RBM20 splicing as a global regulator of heart function.
Effects of the antioxidant drug tempol on renal oxygenation in mice with reduced renal mass (2012)

We tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributed to renal hypoxia in C57BL/6 mice with ⅚ surgical reduction of renal mass (RRM). ROS can activate the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) and increase O 2 usage. However, UCP-2 can be inactivated by glutathionylation. Mice were fed normal (NS)- or high-salt (HS) diets, and HS mice received the antioxidant drug tempol or vehicle for 3 mo. Since salt intake did not affect the tubular Na + transport per O 2 consumed (T Na/ Q O2 ), further studies were confined to HS mice. RRM mice had increased excretion of 8-isoprostane F 2α and H 2 O 2 , renal expression of UCP-2 and renal O 2 extraction, and reduced T Na/ Q O2 (sham: 20 ± 2 vs. RRM: 10 ± 1 μmol/μmol; P &lt; 0.05) and cortical Po 2 (sham: 43 ± 2, RRM: 29 ± 2 mmHg; P &lt; 0.02). Tempol normalized all these parameters while further increasing compensatory renal growth and glomerular volume. RRM mice had preserved blood pressure, glomeruli, and patchy tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The patterns of protein expression in the renal cortex suggested that RRM kidneys had increased ROS from upregulated p22 phox , NOX-2, and -4 and that ROS-dependent increases in UCP-2 led to hypoxia that activated transforming growth factor-β whereas erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), glutathione peroxidase-1, and glutathione- S-transferase mu-1 were upregulated independently of ROS. We conclude that RRM activated distinct processes: a ROS-dependent activation of UCP-2 leading to inefficient renal O 2 usage and cortical hypoxia that was offset by Nrf-2-dependent glutathionylation. Thus hypoxia in RRM may be the outcome of NADPH oxidase-initiated ROS generation, leading to mitochondrial uncoupling counteracted by defense pathways coordinated by Nrf-2.
Cohesive properties of crystalline solids by the generalized gradient approximation (1990)

The cohesive properties of Al, C, and Si are calculated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew and co-workers. Results of numerical tests of atomic total energies and ionization energies are also presented. Cohesive energies calculated with the GGA agree much better with experimental values than results calculated with the local-density approximation, which usually overbinds. The improvement is mainly due to the better error-cancellation property of GGA.
Biliary Epithelial Cells Play an Essential Role in the Reconstruction of Hepatic Tissue with a Functional Bile Ductular Network (2013)

One of the most challenging issues in liver tissue engineering is the incorporation of a functional bile duct (BD) network in the hepatic tissue. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of a three-dimensional (3D) coculture of adult rat primary biliary epithelial cells (ABECs) and rat fetal liver cells (FLCs) to form functional BD structures. 3D hetero-spheroids containing various ratios of the two cell types were successfully obtained in low-adherence, round-bottom, 96-well plates. Histological analyses and functional analysis using fluorescein diacetate demonstrated that the ABECs critically contributed to the reconstruction of continuous ductular networks. Metabolized fluorescein was transported toward cystic structures in a time- and ABEC ratio-dependent manner. In particular, the duct-like structures containing fluorescein accumulations interlinked the large cystic accumulations. Furthermore, transplantation experiments demonstrated that ABECs, but not FLCs, enabled the establishment of BD networks in vivo. This study provided important insights into the development of transplantable liver tissues with bile excretion functionality.
A 160&#x03BC;A biopotential acquisition ASIC with fully integrated IA and motion-artifact suppression (2012)

There exists a growing interest in wearable/portable biopotential monitoring systems. These systems have very strict requirements in terms of power dissipation, high signal quality, small area (minimal use of externals) and robust operation during ambulatory use. The latter is emerging as an especially important problem since in real-life ambulatory conditions, motion artifacts can disturb and potentially saturate the readout channel. In addition, requirements for multimodal information acquisition require even more functionality with minimal power dissipation.
Preparation and characterisation of amphotericin B-copolymer complex for the treatment of leishmaniasis (2012)

A copolymer was used as a platform for solubilisation of an anti-leishmanial agent. A non-covalent complex of amphotericin B (AmB) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-methacrylic acid) (PVM) sodium salt was prepared from a N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) active ester precursor polymer in an effort to improve the therapeutic index of AmB. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that can be effectively treated with AmB. Unfortunately AmB is poorly soluble and highly prone to aggregation and degradation. It is also toxic and the lipid formulations of AmB that can mediate this toxicity are too expensive and unstable to use in resource-limited regions of the world. We hypothesised that replacement of the lipids with an appropriate water-soluble polymer would be a viable strategy to address the issues of AmB solubility, toxicity and cost of the final medicine. Copolymer precursors of PVM were prepared using different ratios of the monomers, N-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-methacryloxysuccinimide. Complexation of AmB was achieved by hydrolysis of the NHS moiety as a DMSO solution of the copolymer precursor and AmB was diluted with sodium hydroxide and water. The free AmB was removed from the AmB–PVM complex, and then freeze dried to give water-soluble (2 mg mL−1 AmB equivalents) complexes with AmB loadings ranging from 20 to 30 wt%. The AmB–PVM complex reduced the toxicity of AmB towards mammalian cells (THP-1 and KB cells) while retaining its activity against intracellular L. major amastigotes in macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. The EC50 of the complex ranged between 0.08 and 0.18 μg mL−1 which is quite similar to clinical AmB (Fungizone®) (0.06 ± 0.01 μg ml−1). Our results show that there is potential to develop safe and effective AmB–polymer complexes to treat leishmaniasis.
Nutritional and sensory evaluations of steamed southern pea (Vigna unguiculata) food product (1985)

A popular West African steamed southern pea product that 5s traditionally prepared from the dehulled Blackeye pea cultivar is called moin-moin. Preparations of moin-moin from hulled and dehulled Texas Cream (T) and Chinese Red (C) peas as coTrpared to that from California Blackeye (B) peas were investigated. Because peas are deficient in sulfur amino acids (SAA), moin-moins were prepared from B peas supplemented with SAA sufficient 10% and 20% melon (Citrullus spp.) seed (M) or pollack (Polachius spp.) fish (F) flours. Moin-moin samples were analyzed for proximate composition and Agtron color characteristics. Samples were e^'aluated for color, texture, flavor and acceptability by trained West African and American sensory panelists. Since moin-moins are mostly consumed by adults, supplemented moir-moin samples were biologically evaluated in 4 month old rats at 4.8% protein level for 28 days. The proximate analysis showed that moin-moin samples made from T peas had highest protein content. All the supplementations investigated improved the protein content of B moin-moin. The protein contents of B, 10%M, 20%M, 10%F and 20%F samples were 20.5, 21.8, 25.9, 33.4 and 43.5% (dry wt. basis), respectively. The dehulling process was found to reduce the fat content of peas. The sensory analysis showed that moin-moins of good ruality could be made from hulled and dehulled T peas and dehulled C peas. Therefore, moln-moin made from hulled T peas makes the strenuous dehulling process unnecessary. Moin-moin samples prepared from supplemented B peas were all rated higher (p < 0.05) than the sample vith 20%F. Consequently, the sample with 20%F was not used in the rat study. American panelists and West African panelists rated moin-moin sarnies similarly. Sensory attributes and Agtron color values were positively correlated (p < 0.01). The rat study showed higher (p < 0.05) liver moisture contents for casein, 10%F and 20%M diet groups compared with B diet group. All the supplemented diet groups had higher liver nitrogen content and better nitrogen balance than B diet group. These results showed that 10%M, 20%M and 10%F supplementations could Improve the nutritive quality of moin-moin prepared from B peas.
Flutamide Eliminates the Risk of Disease Flare in Prostatic Cancer Patients Treated with a Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist (1987)

Although chronic treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists achieves castration levels without side effects other than those related to hypoandrogenism, a limitation to their use alone for the treatment of prostatic cancer is the transient increase in serum androgens that lasts for 5 to 8 days at the start of treatment with the risk of disease flare. Our data show that the concomitant administration of the pure antiandrogen flutamide in association with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (D-Trp6) luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide caused a 64 to 78 per cent decrease in serum prostatic acid phosphatase on days 3 and 7 after the start of treatment in 70 patients with previously untreated stage D2 prostatic cancer. Pain, which was present in 41 patients at the start of treatment, did not increase in any patient, it decreased in 7 at 1 week and it disappeared or decreased in 27 at 2 weeks. Performance, which originally was abnormal in 34 patients, became normal in 7 within 1 week and in 20 within 1 month (59 per cent). These data show that the addition of flutamide completely eliminates the risks of disease flare associated with the use of the otherwise exceptionally well tolerated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in patients treated for prostatic cancer.