gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Requires Phosphate-Responsive Gene Regulation To Resist Host Immunity (2012)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis persists in the tissues of mammalian hosts despite inducing a robust immune response dominated by the macrophage-activating cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ). We identified the M. tuberculosis phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system component PstA1 as a factor required to resist IFN-γ-dependent immunity. A ΔpstA1 mutant was fully virulent in IFN-γ(-/-) mice but attenuated in wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking specific IFN-γ-inducible immune mechanisms: nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), phagosome-associated p47 GTPase (Irgm1), or phagocyte oxidase (phox). These phenotypes suggest that ΔpstA1 bacteria are sensitized to an IFN-γ-dependent immune mechanism(s) other than NOS2, Irgm1, or phox. In other species, the Pst system has a secondary role as a negative regulator of phosphate starvation-responsive gene expression through an interaction with a two-component signal transduction system. In M. tuberculosis, we found that ΔpstA1 bacteria exhibited dysregulated gene expression during growth in phosphate-rich medium that was mediated by the two-component sensor kinase/response regulator system SenX3-RegX3. Remarkably, deletion of the regX3 gene suppressed the replication and virulence defects of ΔpstA1 bacteria in NOS2(-/-) mice, suggesting that M. tuberculosis requires the Pst system to negatively regulate activity of RegX3 in response to available phosphate in vivo. We therefore speculate that inorganic phosphate is readily available during replication in the lung and is an important signal controlling M. tuberculosis gene expression via the Pst-SenX3-RegX3 signal transduction system. Inability to sense this environmental signal, due to Pst deficiency, results in dysregulation of gene expression and sensitization of the bacteria to the host immune response.
Advanced Pulmonary Delivery of Peptides or Proteins Using Polymeric Particles (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Practical Issues in the Pulmonary Delivery of Peptides and Proteins Polymeric Microparticles for Delivering Peptides and Proteins Porous Microparticles Polymeric Nanoparticles Sustained or Controlled Release Issues in Polymeric Particle Formulations Stability Issues of Peptides and Proteins in Particles Toxicity Issues of Inhaled Particles Conclusions References
Photoacid Diffusion in Chemically Amplified DUV Resists (1998)

In order to clarify the effects of acid diffusion on lithographic performance, the acid diffusion behavior in chemically amplified positive KrF resists was studied. The resists consisted of tertbutoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) protected polyhydroxystyrene and a benzenesulfonic acid derivative as a photoacid generator (PAG). Acid diffusion coefficient and diffusion length were obtained using Fick's diffusion law by analyzing the amount of generated acid and ion conductivity of a resist film. As a result, it was confirmed that the acid diffusion is ruled by only one mechanism, and two diffusion paths, which correspond to the remaining solvent in the resist film and hydrophilic OH sites in the base resin, existed. Moreover, the acid diffusion length was decreased by increasing photoacid bulkiness. Furthermore, it was found that additional base component not only quenched photo-generated acid but also suppressed the acid diffusion. Based on the experimental analysis, the acid diffusion behavior in the resist film was clarified and the relationship between acid diffusion and resist performance was obtained.
EEV Dataset: Predicting Expressions Evoked by Diverse Videos (2020)

When we watch videos, the visual and auditory information we experience can evoke a range of affective responses. The ability to automatically predict evoked affect from videos can help recommendation systems and social machines better interact with their users. Here, we introduce the Evoked Expressions in Videos (EEV) dataset, a large-scale dataset for studying viewer responses to videos based on their facial expressions. The dataset consists of a total of 4.8 million annotations of viewer facial reactions to 18,541 videos. We use a publicly available video corpus to obtain a diverse set of video content. The training split is fully machine-annotated, while the validation and test splits have both human and machine annotations. We verify the performance of our machine annotations with human raters to have an average precision of 73.3%. 
We establish baseline performance on the EEV dataset using an existing multimodal recurrent model. Our results show that affective information can be learned from EEV, but with a MAP of 20.32%, there is potential for improvement. This gap motivates the need for new approaches for understanding affective content. Our transfer learning experiments show an improvement in performance on the LIRIS-ACCEDE video dataset when pre-trained on EEV. We hope that the size and diversity of the EEV dataset will encourage further explorations in video understanding and affective computing.
Modeling and experimental observation of an on-chip two-dimensional far-field interference pattern (2011)

In this paper, we model and experimentally observe the far-field radiation produced by interfering beams propagating in two-dimensional (2D) slab waveguides. Using a transmission-line analogy, we compare the 2D propagation with standard three-dimensional (3D) far-field representations and derive the 2D conditions for using standard far-field approximations. Then we test our theoretical results by experimentally observing the 2D far-field pattern produced by a 1×3 multimode interference (MMI) coupler on a silicon nanomembrane. The MMI outputs are connected to a slab silicon waveguide, and the far field is observed at the edge of the silicon slab. This represents the observation of 2D far-field pattern produced by an array of on-chip radiators.
Stereochemie und Organische Synthese (1999)

Ein Hauptziel der Organischen Synthese ist es, nützliche und wertvolle Verbindungen aus billigen, leicht verfügbaren Ausgangsmaterialien herzustellen. Die Endprodukte sind häufig kompliziert gebaut und tragen funktionelle Gruppen, die relativ zueinander bestimmte stereochemische Anordnungen einnehmen. Die Produkte von Organischen Synthesen sind auch in anderer Beziehung nützlich: ihre biologische Aktivität, entweder als Arzneimittel, als Produkt für die Landwirtschaft (beispielsweise als Dünger oder Pflanzenschutzmittel) bzw. als Duft- oder Aromastoff. Andere Produkte können ebenfalls nützlich sein, z.B. als neuartige Polymere oder Materialien mit interessanten elektrischen Eigenschaften. Diese biologischen und/oder physikalischen Eigenschaften der Moleküle hängen vom Kohlenstoffgrundgerüst und der Anwesenheit und relativen Anordnung von Heteroatomen an und in diesem Grundgerüst ab. Der synthetisch arbeitende Organische Chemiker bemüht sich, die funktionellen Gruppen in stereochemisch korrekter Anordnung mit einer möglichst geringen Zahl von Reaktionsschritten anzubringen.
The Effects of Hostile Environments on Coatings and Plastics (1983)

This Symposium on "The Effects of Hostile Environments on Plastics" is to honor a Plastics Pioneer, Raymond B. Seymour. The co-chairmen David Garner and G. A. Stahl as well as this speaker are former graduate students of Dr. Seymour.
Low-loss, low-temperature PVD SiN waveguides (2021)

We report low-temperature (<400˚C) SiN waveguides with lowest propagation losses demonstrated so far for BEOL compatible processes, using a physical vapor deposition technique. Propagation losses as low as 0.2 dB/cm and of 0.43 dB/cm are achieved for single-mode waveguides across the C- and O-band, respectively.
Correction to: Physiological insights of recent clinical diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for cardiovascular diseases (2017)

The article Physiological insights of recent clinical diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for cardiovascular diseases, written by Kenji Shigemi, Soichiro Fuke, Dai Une, Keita Saku, Shuji Shimizu, Toru Kawada, Toshiaki Shishido, Kenji Sunagawa and Masaru Sugimachi, was originally published Online First without open access.
Growth, Metabolic, And Antibody Production Kinetics Of Hybridoma Cell Culture: 1. Analysis Of Data From Controlled Batch Reactors (1991)

A mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line (167.4G5.3) was cultivated in a 1.5-L stirred-tank bioreactor under constant pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. The transient kinetics of cell growth, metabolism, and antibody production were followed by biochemical and flow cytometric methods. The cell-specific kinetic parameters (growth and metabolic rates) as well as cell size were constant throughout the exponential phase. Intracellular protein and RNA content followed a similar trend. Cell growth stopped when the glutamine in the medium was depleted. Glucose could not substitute for glutamine, as glucose consumption ceased after glutamine depletion. Ammonia and lactate production followed closely glutamine and glucose consumption, respectively. Alanine, glutamate, serine, and glycine were produced but other amino acids were consumed. The cells are estimated to obtain about 45% of the total energy from glycolysis, with the balance of the metabolic energy provided by oxidative phosphorylation. The antibody was produced at a constant rate in both the exponential and decline phases of growth. The intracellular antibody content of the cells remained relatively constant during the exponential phase of growth and decreased slightly afterwards.
Comparison of Mono- to Diphosphate Ester Ratio in Inhibitor Formulations for Mitigation of Under Deposit Corrosion (2015)

Mitigation of localized under deposit corrosion (UDC) in upstream oil and gas pipelines is an important research topic for both industry and academia. In a research program to better define the various inhibitor components that provide mitigation of UDC, this initial research investigates the effect of varied ratios of mono- to dinonylphenol phosphate esters (PE) by testing a set of specifically formulated inhibitors. Inhibitors with three mono- to di-PE ratios were tested in the presence and absence of 2-mercaptoethanol (ME). Using two 1.25 in (3.18 cm) diameter API 5L X65 pipeline steel samples and 250 μm silica sand, UDC testing was conducted for 28 d in a CO2 saturated solution at 70°C and 1 bar (100 kPa) total pressure. Analysis has shown that localized corrosion (pit penetration rate) increased for ME-free nonylphenol PE as the concentrations of di-PEs and mono-PEs approached equivalency. The nonylphenol PE inhibitor with a 50:50 mono- to di-PE ratio at 100 ppm concentration failed to protect the surface of the sample under the individual sand grains. Even the base product inhibitor package with no PE provided better mitigation under these test conditions than the 50:50 mono- to dinonylphenol PE. However, it was observed that the addition of ME provided a dramatic improvement in the mitigation of UDC for each mono- to di-PE ratio of the nonylphenol PE tested. From this research, it is seen that the mono- to di- PE ratio is important to consider when developing corrosion inhibitors containing PEs.
In Vivo Imaging of Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization at Single-Cell Resolution (2012)

Observing drug responses in the tumor microenvironment in vivo can be technically challenging. As a result, cellular responses to molecularly targeted cancer drugs are often studied in cell culture, which does not accurately represent the behavior of cancer cells growing in vivo. Using high-resolution microscopy and fluorescently labeled genetic reporters for apoptosis, we developed an approach to visualize drug-induced cell death at single-cell resolution in vivo. Stable expression of the mitochondrial intermembrane protein IMS-RP was established in human breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Image analysis was then used to quantify release of IMS-RP into the cytoplasm upon apoptosis and irreversible mitochondrial permeabilization. Both breast and pancreatic cancer cells showed higher basal apoptotic rates in vivo than in culture. To study drug-induced apoptosis, we exposed tumor cells to navitoclax (ABT-263), an inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w, both in vitro and in vivo. Although the tumors responded to Bcl-2 inhibition in vivo, inducing apoptosis in around 20% of cancer cells, the observed response was much higher in cell culture. Together, our findings show an imaging technique that can be used to directly visualize cell death within the tumor microenvironment in response to drug treatment.
In vitro trans-translation of Thermus thermophilus: Ribosomal protein S1 is not required for the early stage of trans-translation (2007)

Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) plays a dual role as a tRNA and an mRNA in trans-translation, during which the ribosome replaces mRNA with tmRNA encoding the tag-peptide. These processes have been suggested to involve several tmRNA-binding proteins, including SmpB and ribosomal protein S1. To investigate the molecular mechanism of trans-translation, we developed in vitro systems using purified ribosome, elongation factors, tmRNA and SmpB from Thermus thermophilus. A stalled ribosome in complex with polyphenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe) was prepared as a target of tmRNA. A peptidyl transfer reaction from polyphenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe) to alanyl-tmRNA was observed in an SmpB-dependent manner. The next peptidyl transfer to aminoacyl-tRNA occurred specifically to the putative resume codon for the tag-peptide, which was confirmed by introducing a mutation in the codon. Thus, the in vitro systems developed in this study are useful to investigate the early steps of trans-translation. Using these in vitro systems, we investigated the function of ribosomal protein S1, which has been believed to play a role in trans-translation. Although T. thermophilus S1 tightly bound to tmRNA, as in the case of Escherichia coli S1, it had little or no effect on the early steps of trans-translation.
A review of RESURF technology (2002)

RESURF (Reduced Surface Field) technology is one of the most widely-used methods for the design of lateral high-voltage, low on-resistance devices. The technique has allowed the integration of HV devices, ranging from 20 V to 1200 V, with bipolar and MOS transistors. A technical review is given on the technology as developed during the last 20 years. The paper discusses the invention and its application in discrete devices, in Junction-Isolated IC's and SOI, and as Multiple Resurf. It includes an evaluation of topics like breakdown, on-resistance, high-side and high-current effects and reliability.
CAR T-Cell Therapies in Glioblastoma: A First Look (2017)

Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients includes surgery to the extent, temozolomide combined with radiotherapy, and alternating electric fields therapy. After recurrence, there is no standard therapy and survival is less than 9 months. Recurrent glioblastoma offers a unique opportunity to investigate new treatment approaches in a malignancy known for remarkable genetic heterogeneity, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and a partially permissive anatomic blood-brain barrier. Results from three first-in-man chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell trials targeting IL13Rα2, Her2/CMV, and EGFRvIII have recently been reported. Each one of these trials addresses important questions, such as T-cell trafficking to CNS, engraftment and persistence, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and monitoring of glioma response to CAR T cells. Objective radiologic responses have been reported. Here, we discuss and summarize the results of these trials and suggest opportunities for the field. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 535-40. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 delays recovery of B lineage lymphocytes during hematopoietic stress (2020)

Signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 (STAP-2) was discovered as a C-FMS/M-CSFR interacting protein and subsequently found to function as an adaptor of signaling or transcription factors. These include STAT5, MyD88 and IκB kinase in macrophages, mast cells, and T cells. There is additional information about roles for STAP-2 in several types of malignant diseases including chronic myeloid leukemia, however, none have been reported concerning B lineage lymphocytes. We have now exploited gene targeted and transgenic mice to address this lack of knowledge, and demonstrated that STAP-2 is not required under normal, steady-state conditions. However, recovery of B cells following transplantation was augmented in the absence of STAP-2. This appeared to be restricted to cells of B cell lineage with myeloid rebound noted as unremarkable. Furthermore, all hematological parameters were observed to be normal once recovery from transplantation was complete. Furthermore, overexpression of STAP-2, specifically in lymphoid cells, resulted in reduced numbers of late-stage B cell progenitors within the bone marrow. While numbers of mature peripheral B and T cells were unaffected, recovery from sub-lethal irradiation or transplantation was dramatically reduced. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) normally suppresses B precursor expansion in response to interleukin 7, however, STAP-2 deficiency made these cells more resistant. Preliminary RNA-Seq analyses indicated multiple signaling pathways in B progenitors as STAP-2-dependent. These findings suggest that STAP-2 modulates formation of B lymphocytes in demand conditions. Further study of this adapter protein could reveal ways to speed recovery of humoral immunity following chemotherapy or transplantation.
Supplementary Figure 3 from DCLK1-Isoform2 Alternative Splice Variant Promotes Pancreatic Tumor Immunosuppressive M2-Macrophage Polarization (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Dclk1+ tumor cells and myeloid cells increased in the PDAC tissue samples compared to pre-neoplastic pancreatic tissues, while the CD8+ T-cell showed a mere change in their population. Fixed pancreatic tissues from 5 weeks and 20-week old KPCY mice were stained for Dclk1, CD11B, and CD8. Bar graph representing the percentage positive staining intensity between the tissue samples, quantified using ImageJ. All quantitative data are expressed as means {plus minus} SD and P values of &lt;0.05Ã¢â,¬â€°=Ã¢â,¬â€°*, &lt;0.01Ã¢â,¬â€°=Ã¢â,¬â€°**, and 0.001Ã¢â,¬â€°=Ã¢â,¬â€°*** were considered statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;
Demo (2017)

This demo shows an implementation of 360/virtual reality video conferencing system implemented over NDN, including producing content, formatting into NDN format, transmitting over NDN network, managing the flow of interest/content requests, and displaying in a web browser so as to show 360 degree rotation and zoom in/out features.
Transcranial low-level laser therapy enhances learning, memory, and neuroprogenitor cells after traumatic brain injury in mice (2014)

The use of transcranial low-level laser (light) therapy (tLLLT) to treat stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is attracting increasing attention. We previously showed that LLLT using an 810-nm laser 4 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI in mice could significantly improve the neurological severity score, decrease lesion volume, and reduce Fluoro-Jade staining for degenerating neurons. We obtained some evidence for neurogenesis in the region of the lesion. We now tested the hypothesis that tLLLT can improve performance on the Morris water maze (MWM, learning, and memory) and increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) after CCI-TBI in mice. One and (to a greater extent) three daily laser treatments commencing 4-h post-TBI improved neurological performance as measured by wire grip and motion test especially at 3 and 4 weeks post-TBI. Improvements in visible and hidden platform latency and probe tests in MWM were seen at 4 weeks. Caspase-3 expression was lower in the lesion region at 4 days post-TBI. Double-stained BrdU-NeuN (neuroprogenitor cells) was increased in the dentate gyrus and SVZ. Increases in double-cortin (DCX) and TUJ-1 were also seen. Our study results suggest that tLLLT may improve TBI both by reducing cell death in the lesion and by stimulating neurogenesis.
Selbstspleißen und enzymatische Aktivität einer intervenierenden Sequenz der RNA von Tetrahymena (Nobel‐Vortrag) (1990)

Biologische Katalyse durch RNAs — diese Entdeckung zu Beginn der achtziger Jahre war sensationell, hatte man bis dahin doch angenommen, daß ausschließlich Proteine als Biokatalysatoren fungieren. Sidney Altman untersuchte das aus RNA‐ und Proteinuntereinheiten aufgebaute Enzym Ribonuclease P und fand Bedingungen, unter denen die RNA‐Komponente in Abwesenheit von Proteinen die Reifung der tRNA‐Komponente in Abwesenheit von Proteinen die Reifung der tRNA katalysierte. Thomas R. Cech entdeckte das Phänomen des Selbstspleißens an der rRNA von Tetrahymena thermophila , die in der Lage ist, durch konsekutive Umesterung bestimmter Phosphodiestergruppen ihre eigenen Nucleotidbindungen zu spalten, eine intervenierende Sequenz (IVS) herauszuschneiden (siehe Bild) und die Reste des Moleküls zu ligieren. Altman und Cech wurden für ihre Arbeiten, die einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Biochemie herbeiführten, mit dem Nobel‐Preis für Chemie 1989 ausgezeichnet. magnified image
Profile of Immune Cells in Axillary Lymph Nodes Predicts Disease-Free Survival in Breast Cancer (2005)

These findings demonstrate that the immune profile of tumor-draining lymph nodes is of novel biologic and clinical importance for patients with early stage breast cancer.
Proton inventory of phthalic anhydride hydrolysis. Comments on analysis of proton-inventory data (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton inventory of phthalic anhydride hydrolysis. Comments on analysis of proton-inventory dataRichard D. Gandour, Mark Coyne, Valentino J. Stella, and Richard L. SchowenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 10, 1733–1737Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01298a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01298a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Organization of Fullerenes by Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF DELOCALIZED BAND-EDGE SLOW-BLOCH MODE LASER (2011)

We report on the near- and far-field investigation of the Slow Bloch Mode associated with the Γ point of the Brillouin zone, for an active honeycomb lattice photonic crystal, using near-field scanning optical microscopy.