gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking and celiac sprue: a case-control study (2001)

Environmental factors other than gliadin exposure and certain HLA haplotypes may play a role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Previous studies have suggested a strong inverse relationship between cigarette smoking and celiac disease. We sought to determine the relationship between celiac disease and cigarette smoking in our patient population.All newly diagnosed adults with biopsy-proven celiac disease evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester between January 1, 1993, and June 30, 1998, were identified. Three clinic patients who were matched to each case on geographical area of residence, age, gender, and calendar year of visit served as controls. Smoking information was obtained from a standard medical questionnaire that was completed by all clinic patients at the time of registration. The adjusted odds ratio for celiac disease in current and former smokers relative to nonsmokers was estimated with a matched three-to-one conditional logistic regression model.A total of 82 adults with biopsy-proven celiac disease were identified. At the time of diagnosis, the proportion of current smokers was 10% in cases and 10% in controls, yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI = 0.5-4.3). In all, 34% of cases were former smokers versus 28% of controls, yielding an odds ratio of 1.6 (95% CI = 0.8-3.2).This case-control study was unable to detect an association between cigarette smoking and celiac disease.
Stereoselective Bromination−Suzuki Cross-Coupling of Dehydroamino Acids To Form Novel Reverse-Turn Peptidomimetics:  Substituted Unsaturated and Saturated Indolizidinone Amino Acids (2002)

A general and efficient methodology has been developed to prepare the C4-substituted dipeptide reverse-turn mimetics unsaturated (9a, 10a) and saturated (11a) azabicyclo[4.3.0] alkane amino acid derivatives. The side chain was introduced by bromination of dehydroamino acid intermediates followed by Suzuki coupling. Hydrogenation of the bicyclic dehydroamino acid 9a afforded saturated bicyclic lactam 11a. This approach can be further explored for the synthesis of a variety of such beta-turn mimetics with aryl and alkyl side chain functionalities. [reaction: see text]
Wireless Coherent Full-Duplex Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging (CFDDS-TWR) Approach with Phase Tracking Based Multipath Suppression for Submillimeter Accuracy Displacement Sensing (2020)

This paper presents a novel radar technology for precise position measurements (e.g. crane positioning) between two cooperating radar units that is especially suited for use in harsh industrial environments. The concept uses the novel coherent full-duplex double-sided two-way ranging (CFDDS-TWR) FMCW secondary radar concept and combines a beat frequency estimation and a coherent phase tracking even though the two cooperating radar units work incoherently. The novel CFDDS-TWR and phase tracking method allows for an efficient suppression of multipath distortions and enables a displacement measurement with a standard deviation of approx. 13 µm and improves the overall ranging accuracy compared to existing bistatic secondary radar approaches dramatically.
RRT-plan: a randomized algorithm for STRIPS planning (2006)

We propose a randomized STRIPS planning algorithm called RRT-Plan. This planner is inspired by the idea of Rapidly ex-ploring Random Trees, a concept originally designed for use in continuous path planning problems. Issues that arise in the conversion of RRTs from continuous to discrete spaces are discussed, and several additional mechanisms are proposed to improve performance. Our experimental results indicate that RRT-Plan is competitive with the state of the art in STRIPS planning.
Rigidly Foldable Thick Origami Using Designed-Offset Linkages (2020)

Abstract We present new families of thick origami mechanisms that achieve rigid foldability and parallel stacking of panels in the flat-folded state using linkages for some or all of the hinges between panels. A degree-four vertex results in a multiloop eight-bar spatial mechanism that can be analyzed as separate linkages. The individual linkages are designed so that they introduce offsets perpendicular to the panels that are mutually compatible around each vertex. This family of mechanisms offers the unique combination of planar unfolded state, parallel-stacked panels in the flat-folded state and kinematic single-degree-of-freedom motion from the flat-unfolded to the flat-folded state. The paper develops the mathematics defining the necessary offsets, beginning with a symmetric bird’s-foot vertex, and then shows that the joints can be developed for asymmetric flat-foldable systems. Although in the general case there is no guarantee of achieving perfect kinematic motion, we show that for many cases of interest, the deviation is a tiny fraction of the plate thickness. Mechanical realizations of several examples are presented.
Halogen versus Hydrogen Bonding in Binary Cocrystals: Novel Conformation a Coformer with [2+2] Photoreactivity of Criss‐Crossed C=C Bonds (2019)

A series of cocrystals involving the hydrogen- and halogen-bond donor coformers catechol (cat) and 1,2-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,2-di-I-tFb), respectively, is reported. Each coformer forms a cocrystal with each of the three symmetric bipyridines trans-1,2-bis(n-pyridyl)ethylene (n,n'-bpe, where: n=n'=2, 3, 4). Four novel cocrystals (cat) ⋅ (3,3'-bpe), 2(1,2-di-I-tFb) ⋅ (2,2'-bpe), 2(1,2-di-I-tFb) ⋅ (3,3'-bpe), and (1,2-di-I-tFb) ⋅ (4,4'-bpe) comprise components that assemble by either O-H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds (cat) or N⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonds (1,2-di-I-tFb). In (cat) ⋅ (3,3'-bpe), cat acts as a template to support an intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of 3,3'-bpe. The reactivity occurs via a one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen-bonded tape with stacked and criss-crossed olefins that react stereoselectively and quantitatively to form rctt-tetrakis(3-pyridyl)cyclobutane (3,3'-tpcb). The reactivity of the criss-crossed olefins is facilitated by a hitherto not reported cis-gauche conformation adopted by cat. The stereochemistry of 3,3'-tpcb is confirmed in the cocrystal 2(cat) ⋅ (3,3'-tpcb).
Isolation and use of eight phages for typing Yersinia enterocolitica O3 (1987)

Subdivision of 137 isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica O3 into eight phagovars has been achieved. Some geographical differences were found in the sources of these phagovars and also of two biovars.
Fundamental Food Microbiology (2024)

Food microbiology has seen enormous growth in the last decade, fueled by the global pandemic of COVID-19 and continual routine outbreaks with traditional foodborne pathogens. In addition, climate change and global warming also affect agriculture and food production, in turn shifting microbial ecology. Such changes will affect pathogen behavior, spoilage, and microbial growth, impacting food safety and quality. Health-conscious consumers are also looking for foods with alternative protein sources from plants and insects, such as fermented,&nbsp; antioxidant, and micronutrient-rich superfoods.&nbsp; All three areas of food microbiology—beneficial, spoilage, and pathogenic microbiology—are expanding and progressing incredibly. What was once a simple process of counting colonies has become a sophisticated process of sequencing complete genomes, gene editing, and biotechnology for starter cultures and probiotics improvement and application of sophisticated analytical tools for microbial analysis. Fundamental Food Microbiology, Sixth Edition captures these developments and broadens coverage of foodborne disease mechanisms, spoilage microbes, and microbial inactivation strategies. Written by experts with approximately sixty years of combined experience, the book provides an in-depth understanding of how to reduce microbial food spoilage, improve intervention technologies, and develop effective control methods for different types of foods. See What’s New in the Sixth Edition &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Condensed chapter descriptions with illustrations &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Novel food processing technologies, including plasma and micro/nanobubble technologies &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Food radiation and hurdle concept chapters are merged and overhauled &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Comprehensive list of mycotoxins and seafood-related toxins &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Updates on several new antimicrobial compounds from animal and plant sources Maintaining the high standard set by the previous bestselling editions, and based on feedback from students and professors, this new edition includes even more easy-to-follow figures and illustrations. The chapters are presented logically, connecting the information and allowing students to understand and retain the concepts presented easily. These features make this a comprehensive introductory text for undergraduates and a valuable reference for graduate-level and working professionals in food microbiology, food safety, or food technology.
Electron–ion hybrid instabilities driven by velocity shear in a magnetized plasma (1992)

The stability of a magnetized plasma is investigated in which a sheared electron flow channel is present. The flow’s peak velocity and shear scale length are denoted by V and L, respectively. If the velocity channel is perpendicular to the confining magnetic field and L≤ ρi (ρi is the ion Larmor radius) an electrostatic instability develops whose frequency is on the order of the lower hybrid frequency. For V/(ΩeL) ≳ 0.02 (Ωe denotes the electron cyclotron frequency), the peak growth rate is on the order of the lower hybrid frequency when k∥ = 0 (in here, k∥ is the wave number along the magnetic field). For V/(ΩeL) ≳ 0.1 and k∥ = 0, the spectrum peaks when kyL ∼ 1, where ky is the wave number in the direction of the flow velocity. For this mode it is shown that (i) a net cross-field current is not required for the onset of instability and (ii) the growth rate is not reduced by a velocity profile with no net flow (spatially averaged). Hence we conclude that velocity shear is the only source of free energy. Further, it is shown that density gradients do not stabilize this mode. It follows that the mode presented in this work cannot be identified with the well-known modified two-stream instability. If the velocity channel is parallel to the confining magnetic field and the plasma is weakly magnetized, an instability driven by velocity shear is shown to exist, provided that V/(ωpeL) ≳ 0.32, where ωpe is the electron plasma frequency. It is shown that a net plasma current is not required in order for this instability to be excited.
Global stabilization of an enlarged class of cascade nonlinear systems (2002)

We present a new approach to design controllers for global asymptotic stabilization of cascade and feedforward nonlinear systems. First we give conditions for global stability and construct a continuously differentiable Lyapunov function for a class of uncontrolled cascade systems. We use this Lyapunov function to design globally asymptotically stabilizing feedback laws for controlled cascade systems and, by applying the method recursively, for feedforward systems.
381 PRODUCTION OF A TRANSGENIC PIGLET BY A NEW SPERM INJECTION TECHNIQUE (2005)

The technique for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has, until now, focused on scoring the tail of the sperm prior to catching and aspiration into the injection pipette. This is in spite of the fact that damage to the head would more closely simulate what occurs during normal fertilization. In addition, to aid in visualizing the injection process so that a reduced volume can be injected, the oocyte is generally centrifuged to clear a portion of the cytoplasm. Thus, with conventional ICSI, the sperm are immobilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone, repeatedly frozen and thawed, treated with DTT or Triton X-100, and severed between the head and tail; the oocyte is centrifuged or activated. All of the above treatments are designed to compensate for the intrinsic defects in conventional ICSI. Our objective was to use a modified ICSI procedure whereby aggressively motile sperm were captured onto the broken tip of an injection pipette and then injected into noncentrifuged oocytes. Damage to the head of the sperm occurred on the pipette or while pushed through the zona pellucida. These procedures are based on the work of Yong et al. 2003 Hum. Reprod. 18, 2390, where they achieved an improvement in development in vitro as compared to conventional methods. Ovaries were collected from prepubertal gilts, and oocytes were aspirated and matured in vitro . Sperm were collected from a transgenic boar carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and frozen. After thawing, aggressively motile sperm were captured and injected through the zona pellucida and into the cytoplasm of the in vitro -matured oocytes. A total of 452 injected oocytes (43-171 oocytes per recipient) were surgically transferred into the oviduct of six surrogate gilts. Two gilts (33%) became pregnant. One gave birth to a healthy male piglet. GFP expression was observed in the nose and hooves by direct epifluorescent examination of the newborn piglet. This pattern of GFP expression is identical to that in non-ICSI-derived GFP pigs in this line. This result showed for the first time that this new sperm injection technique could be used for production of a viable transgenic piglet using in vitro -matured oocytes and frozen-thawed sperm.
Mems And Microsystems Courses With National And International Dissemination (2020)

technologies and structures for micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) and microstructures; hermetic packaging techniques for transducers; and low-power wireless sensing/actuating systems.
A flexible organic inverter made from printable materials for synergistic ammonia sensing (2017)

An inverter circuit made from solution deposited dielectrics and semiconductors gives a clear voltage output signal in response to ppm levels of ammonia.
Pyrostatins A and B, New Inhibitors ofN-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase, Produced byStreptomycessp. SA-3501 (1995)

Pyrostatins A and B, new inhibitors of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (GlcNAc-ase), have been purified from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. SA-3501 isolated from a marine environment. They were purified by chromatography on Dowex 50W, silica gel and Capcell Pak C18 (HPLC) followed treatment with active carbon and then isolated as white powders. The structures of pyrostatins A and B were determined by NMR studies to be 4-hydroxy-2-imino-1-methylpyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid and 2-imino-1-methylpyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid, respectively. They were competitive with the substrate, and the inhibition constants (Ki) of pyrostatins A and B were 1.7 x 10(-6) M and 2.0 x 10(-6) M respectively.
Electrical/thermal properties of nonplanar polyoxides and the consequent effects for EEPROM cell operation (2000)

The electrical/thermal properties of nonplanar polyoxides and the resulting effects for EEPROM operational margins are reported. The polyoxide between floating gate (FG) and control gate (CG) of FLOTOX-type EEPROM cells is nonplanar because it always contains edges, where CG wraps over FG. At such edges a highly stable electrical passivation of Fowler-Nordheim (FN) leakage currents occurs, which can cause a degradation of EEPROM operational margins, due to an electron discharge mechanism from the FG of charged EEPROM cells during the first charging operation after conventional baking. The EEPROM cell study includes the dependence on repeated passivation/depassivation of the polyoxide, on baking temperature and baking time. It is found that the average magnitude of the electron discharge is reduced after each passivation/depassivation cycle, which points to a progressive increase of the number of electrons captured in deep neutral electron traps at the polyoxide edges. Analysis of the temperature dependence leads to an activation energy (thermal detrapping energy of the electrons) of 1.3 eV for the degradation mechanism of EEPROM cell operational margins as well as the nonplanar polyoxide depassivation.
Computed tomography and intracranial hematomata in post-traumatic patients without clinical signs (1983)

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: January 1983 - Volume 23 - Issue 1 - p 71
Non-equilibrium trajectory dynamics and the kinematics of gliding in a flying snake (2010)

Given sufficient space, it is possible for gliding animals to reach an equilibrium state with no net forces acting on the body. In contrast, every gliding trajectory must begin with a non-steady component, and the relative importance of this phase is not well understood. Of any terrestrial animal glider, snakes exhibit the greatest active movements, which may affect their trajectory dynamics. Our primary aim was to determine the characteristics of snake gliding during the transition to equilibrium, quantifying changes in velocity, acceleration, and body orientation in the late phase of a glide sequence. We launched 'flying' snakes (Chrysopelea paradisi) from a 15 m tower and recorded the mid-to-end portion of trajectories with four videocameras to reconstruct the snake's body position with mm to cm accuracy. Additionally, we developed a simple analytical model of gliding assuming only steady-state forces of lift, drag and weight acting on the body and used it to explore effects of wing loading, lift-to-drag ratio, and initial velocity on trajectory dynamics. Despite the vertical space provided to transition to steady-state gliding, snakes did not exhibit equilibrium gliding and in fact displayed a net positive acceleration in the vertical axis, an effect also predicted by the analytical model.
E5531, a synthetic non‐toxic lipid A derivative blocks the immunobiological activities of lipopolysaccharide (1999)

1. The major pathological responses to Gram-negative bacterial sepsis are triggered by endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide. As endotoxin is shed from the bacterial outer membrane, it induces immunological responses that lead to release of a variety of cytokines and other cellular mediators. As part of a program aimed at developing a therapeutic agent for septic shock, we have developed E5531, a novel synthetic lipopolysaccharide antagonist. 2. As measured by release by tumour necrosis factor-alpha, human monocytes or whole blood can be activated by lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, and lipoteichoic acid (from Gram-positive bacteria). E5531 potently antagonizes activation by all these agents while itself being devoid of agonistic activity. 3. The inhibitory activity of E5531 was dependent on time of addition. When 10 nM E5531 was added simultaneously with lipopolysaccharide or 1 - 3 h before addition of lipopolysaccharide, production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha was inhibited by more than 98%. The addition of E5531 1 h after lipopolysaccharide reduced the efficacy of E5531 by 47%. 4. Antagonistic activity of E5531 was specific for lipopolysaccharide as it was ineffective at inhibiting interferon-gamma mediated NO release of RAW 264.7 cells, phorbor 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated superoxide anion production in human neutrophils, concanavalin A stimulated mitogenic activity in murine thymocytes and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced E-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 5. E5531 as well as MY4, an anti-CD14 antibody, inhibited radiolabelled lipopolysaccharide binding in human monocytes. 6. These results support our contention that E5531 is a potent antagonist of lipopolysaccharide-induced release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and other cellular mediators and may be an effective therapeutic agent for human septic shock due to Gram-negative bacteria.
Comparing arithmetic intersection formulas for denominators of Igusa class polynomials (2012)

Bruinier and Yang conjectured a formula for intersection numbers on an arithmetic Hilbert modular surface, and as a consequence obtained a conjectural formula for CM(K).G_1 under strong assumptions on the ramification in K. Yang later proved this conjecture under slightly stronger assumptions on the ramification. In recent work, Lauter and Viray proved a different formula for CM(K).G_1 for primitive quartic CM fields with a mild assumption, using a method of proof independent from that of Yang. In this paper we show that these two formulas agree, for a class of primitive quartic CM fields which is slightly larger than the intersection of the fields considered by Yang and Lauter and Viray. Furthermore, the proof that these formulas agree does not rely on the results of Yang or Lauter and Viray. As a consequence of our proof, we conclude that the Bruinier-Yang formula holds for a slightly largely class of quartic CM fields K than what was proved by Yang, since it agrees with the Lauter-Viray formula, which is proved in those cases. The factorization of these intersection numbers has applications to cryptography: precise formulas for them allow one to compute the denominators of Igusa class polynomials, which has important applications to the construction of genus 2 curves for use in cryptography.
Effect of high pressure on the optical detection of gas by index-of-refraction methods (1994)

An optical method for the detection of gas in high-pressure flow streams has been developed. One can detect gas by measuring the variation in intensity of reflected, p-polarized light at a sapphire-flow stream interface over a range of angles including the Brewster and critical angles for gas. The effects of high pressure and gas identity have been determined for this gas detection method. Pressure ranges to 20,000 psi of helium, nitrogen, argon, and methane along with a gas mixture were used in these experiments. Excellent agreement is obtained in the pressure- and gas-dependent shifts in critical angle between experimental observations and predictions based on literature values of gas densities and molar refractivities. Significant gas nonidealities are discussed in terms of the correspondence principle.
Indirect Medial Reduction and Strut Support of Proximal Humerus Fractures Using an Endosteal Implant (2008)

Fractures of the proximal humerus, particularly in osteoporotic bone, are still frequently referred to as unsolved fractures. The recent explosion of locking plate technology has included these fractures, but it appears that laterally placed locking plates may not be as predictable as hoped. Medial column mechanical support of these fractures may play a significant role in the ultimate stability of fixation during rehabilitation until healing occurs. We have devised a technique of using a segment of fibula allograft, placed endosteally and incorporated into the locking construct, to aid in the reduction and restoration of the mechanical integrity of the medial column of the proximal humerus.
Cutting-Edge Muscle RecoveryUsing Antifibrosis Agents to Improve Healing (2005)

Muscle injuries, the most frequent type of sports-related injury, present challenging problems in traumatology and sports medicine. Injured skeletal muscle can repair itself via spontaneous regeneration, but extracellular matrix overgrowth and collagen deposition can lead to fibrosis, resulting in incomplete functional recovery and a propensity for injury recurrence. Physicians may be able to improve skeletal muscle healing after injury when researchers understand more about the mechanisms involved in scar-tissue development. Techniques may be refined to prevent muscle fibrosis-specifically via the inactivation of transforming growth factor-beta-1-and, ultimately, improve muscle healing after injuries.
Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational maternal trivalent group B streptococcus vaccine in pregnant women and their infants: Results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial (2020)

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02046148.