gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Herpesvirus 8 ORF 50 is Encoded in a Bi-Cistronic Message (1998)

61 Background: HHV8 is a gamma-herpesvirus with homology to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the monkey virus herpesvirus saimiri. The EBV R protein is a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcriptional-activator protein which acts in concert with the Z protein to regulate lytic gene expression. Herpesvirus saimiri expresses an R homologue. The HHV8 ORF 50 has sequence homology to the EBV and saimiri R proteins. No evidence of a Z homologue has been identified. We hypothesized that the HHV8 ORF 50 encodes key transcriptional regulatory functions. Results: Hypothetical translation of the ORF50 suggests that the putative ORF 50 protein contains a leucine zipper in the amino end and three very proline rich regions in the carboxy end, consistent with a potential for transcriptional regulatory functions. To determine whether or not the ORF 50 encodes a transcriptional activator function, we constructed a GAL-4-ORF 50 chimerical expression construct and analyzed the ability of the chimera to activate transcription of a reporter gene under the control of GAL-4 binding sites. In a cell line which contains latent HHV8, this chimera activates transcription 20 to 50 fold. Northern experiments demonstrate that ORF 50 is expressed as a complex group of transcripts after phorbol ester treatment of BCBL-1 cells. 3′ RACE has demonstrated that the ORF 50 transcript(s) potentially encodes a second ORF before splicing to a poly-A signal downstream. Duplicate blots demonstrated the presence of both ORF50 and K8 in the same sized transcripts. Using RT-PCR, we confirmed the presence of the 3′ RACE spliced transcript after chemical induction of viral replication. CDNA library screening also confirmed the splicing pattern and second open reading frame found in the 3′ RACE product. Conclusion: The ORF50 gene of HHV8 has both functional and structural homology with the R family of herpesvirus transactivators and is likely to encode a protein which regulates many aspects of the HHV8 life cycle.
Dependence of transmission curves on input optical power in an electroabsorption modulator (2004)

We present a novel method to extract the optical absorption coefficient of a semiconductor electroabsorption modulator (EAM) with antireflection coated facets. Only the transmission and photocurrent data are needed with this method. The method allows to obtain the total optical coupling loss, internal quantum efficiency, and optical absorption coefficients when input optical power is low. We also developed a method to analyze optical absorption coefficient with the saturation effect. By using those methods, we investigated the dependence of the transfer curves on the input optical power in a multiple-quantum-well EAM. The optical loss saturation effect and the increase of device temperature are the dominant mechanisms for the dependence of transfer curves on the input optical power in the low bias region and the high bias region, respectively.
Crystallographic Study of Superelastic Deformation of Nitinol (2009)

Abstract Limitations of finite element analysis (FEA) in providing accurate localized stress and strain information in superelastic nitinol are well recognized. Understanding the parent texture and the crystallography of stress-induced martensitic transformation holds the key to bridge the gap between continuum mechanics and the microscopic stress-strain condition imposed by the phase transformation in understanding the deformation mechanism of this complex material. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron beam back scatter diffraction detector is a powerful tool that can extract microscopic crystallographic information from bulk specimens. The technique has been employed to study the crystallography of stress-induced martensitic transformation during tensile and bend deformations of superelastic nitinol. The results suggest that for tensile deformation, the transformation variants of stress-induced martensite (SIM) inside the Lüders band follow maximum shear stress along the martensite shape change direction. The observation also confirms that the SIM transformation is incomplete, leaving a significant amount of retained B2 parent phase inside the Lüders band. As tensile deformation proceeds, the Lüders band propagates by nucleating new martensite plates instead of by thickening of the existing martensite variants. For bend deformation, SIM appears to transform much easier in the tension side than in the compression side, confirming previous studies on the asymmetrical tension-compression property in superelastic nitinol materials. Lastly, the local stress field at the tip of martensite plate has been computed by finite element (FEA) simulation based on the observed martensite morphology. The implication on local stress field and plasticity provides a rationalization in explaining why nitinol fatigue life appears to be insensitive to the mean strain effect.
Surface acoustic waves on the (2002)

Piezoelectric semiconductors such as GaAs are of interest for signal processing devices due to the possibility of monolithic integration of SAW and active electronic circuits on the same substrate. The common crystal orientation of GaAs used in the surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices is the (110) propagating wave in the (100) plane, which supports a leaky wave. In this work, the characteristics of surface wave propagation in the (110) plane of GaAs, which supports both the Rayleigh and the Bleustein-Gulyaev surface wave modes, are studied. A number of devices have been fabricated and studied using laser probe and S-parameter measurement techniques. The SAW velocity, attenuation, piezoelectric coupling constant, slowness surface, beam profile, and the transducer characteristics have been measured, and the experimental results agree well with the theoretical calculations for both types of the surface wave modes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of metal carbene complexes from diazirines (1983)

P. A. Chaloner, G. D. Glick and R. A. Moss, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 880 DOI: 10.1039/C39830000880
ChemInform Abstract: BIOSYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES TO THE MACROCYCLIC TRICHOTHECENES (1981)

Abstract Aus Myrothecium verrucaria werden 3 Epimerenpaare von neuen Trichothecenen isoliert, 1. Trichodermadiendiol A (Ia) und B (IIa), 2. Trichoverrol A (Ib) und B (IIb) und 3. Trichoverrin A (Ic) und B (IIc).
T-shaped plasmonic array as a narrow-band thermal emitter or biosensor (2009)

A T-shaped plasmonic array is proposed for application as an effective thermal emitter or biosensor. The reflection and thermal radiation properties of a T-shaped array are investigated theoretically. The angular dependent reflectance spectrum shows a clear resonant dip at 0.36 eV for full polar angles. No other significant localized resonant mode is found in the investigated spectral range from 0.12 eV to 0.64 eV. According to the Kirchhoff's law, the thermal radiation of the proposed structure can lead to a sharp peak at 3.5 microm with low sideband emission. We have also found that the T-shaped structure filled with organic material such as PMMA with different thicknesses (10 nm -50 nm) can lead to significant shift of the resonance wavelength. Thus, the T-shaped structure can also be used as a good sensor for organic materials.
Supplementary figures 1-8 from Adipocyte Exosomes Promote Melanoma Aggressiveness through Fatty Acid Oxidation: A Novel Mechanism Linking Obesity and Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;1) Adipocyte exosomes promote melanoma migration but have no effect on melanoma proliferation; 2) Preadipocytes secrete less exosomes than adipocytes, and these exosomes have no effect on melanoma behavior; 3) Adipocyte exosomes promote prostate tumor cell migration but have no effect on their proliferation; 4) All common exosomal markers are present in the adipocyte exoproteome; 5) Adipocyte exosomes increase FAO enzymes in SKMEL28 cells; 6) Adipocyte exosomes have no effect on SKMEL28 lactate production; 7) Adipocyte exosomes promote prostate tumor cell migration dependent on FAO 8) Primary adipocytes secrete exosomes in lean and obese conditions which promote prostate cancer cell migration&lt;/p&gt;
Cyclosporin A suppression of uncoupling in liver mitochondria of ground squirrel during arousal from hibernation (1993)

Energy coupling parameters were studied in liver mitochondria of ground squirrel during arousal from hibernation. It was found that such mitochondria become uncoupled during incubation with phosphate in a salt medium. The uncoupling was revealed by respiration rate increase and membrane potential decrease in the presence of oligomycin. Both effects were reversed by addition of cyclosporin A. Under the same in vitro conditions, mitochondria from aroused (active) animals showed no uncoupling but could be uncoupled by addition of palmitate in the cyclosporin A-sensitive fashion. It is proposed that formation of cyclosporin A-sensitive pores can be involved in urgent heat production in arousing hibernators.
Experimental procedures for the investigation of the turbulent flow in a plane asymmetric diffuser by means of stereoscopic high-speed PIV (2006)

Experimental procedures for the investigation of the turbulent flow in a plane asymmetric diffuser by means of stereoscopic high-speed PIV
Photonic‐crystal surface‐emitting laser (2010)

Abstract The unique properties of a photonic‐crystal surface‐emitting laser are reported. Single‐mode operation over a large area can be achieved due to the effect of zero group velocity in the band edge mode. This leads to high‐power operation and on‐demand beam control. Various beam patterns, including doughnut, multiple doughnuts, and circular, are generated by the design of the lattice structure, and show potential for application in various fields. Furthermore, the output power almost reaches 1 W under pulsed conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(6): 48–53, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10199
Adaptive Energy Threshold for Improved Co-Existence between Licensed Assisted Access and Wi-Fi (2017)

Coexistence with wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a key aspect for licensed assisted access (LAA) to succeed. The main coexistence mechanism between both technologies is listen before talk (LBT), whereby radio frequency energy is sensed over a short period of time and compared to an energy detection (ED) threshold. If the sensed energy is below the ED threshold, a node is then allowed to transmit. Otherwise, it backs off. Given the default Wi-Fi and LAA ED thresholds, and the lack of virtual carrier sensing at the LAA side, coexistence problems may raise at below such ED thresholds. In order to address this issue, we propose a practical and easy implementable adaptive ED threshold algorithm, which can dynamically tune the ED threshold at the Wi-Fi and LAA nodes. Simulations results in an enterprise scenario show that the Wi-Fi performance can be significantly enhanced, while moderately impacting LAA performance.
Preparation of Raspberry-like Nanocapsules by the Combination of Pickering Emulsification and Solvent Displacement Technique (2011)

Well-defined raspberry-like nanocapsules were prepared by the combination of Pickering emulsification and solvent displacement technique by using silica particles as stabilizer and hexadecane (HD) as soft template. The formation of the capsule morphology is caused by the phase separation of poly(styrene-co-4-vinyl pyridine) (poly(St-co-4-VP)) in the droplets due to the diffusion of good solvent for the (co)polymer to the aqueous continuous phase. The size of capsules was successfully reduced from tens of micrometers in the dispersion by simply stirring to the nanorange by the employment of sonication and Ostwald ripening. The formation of silica-particles-armored nanocapsules was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurement. The colloidal stability and particle properties, including size and morphology, depend on the amount of HD, and copolymers, the sonication time, the dispersion pH value, the type of solvent, and the copolymer composition.
Photoactive Electrospun Fibers for Inducing Cell Death (2013)

A photoactive electrospun material producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation is reported. The phototoxicity of the generated ROS is spatially restricted to the fiber-tissue interface by conjugation of the photosensitizer to a macromolecule. Photo-triggered ROS is produced on demand and repeatedly. It induces death of mammalian cells growing on the material surface with high spatial resolution.
Data from Evaluation of a chemical library of small-molecule Dishevelled antagonists that suppress tumor growth by down-regulating T-cell factor–mediated transcription (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We describe the rational generation of small-molecule agents that suppress tumor cell growth by down-regulating canonical Wnt signaling. We first produced a chemical library of the derivatives of indole-2-ketones and carbinols; we then screened them by using scalable assays of biochemical antagonism of Dishevelled-1 PDZ domain interactions and cell-based assays of Dishevelled-1–driven T-cell factor–mediated transcription. Compounds showing parallel effects in these assays were tested for selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. A new compound (&lt;b&gt;24&lt;/b&gt;) that met the criteria for high biochemical antagonism, T-cell factor–mediated transcription, and induction of tumor-selective apoptosis was found to significantly suppress the growth of tumor xenografts in mice. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(6):1633–8]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 1 from IGKV3 Proteins as Candidate “Off-the-Shelf” Vaccines for Kappa-Light Chain–Restricted B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 303KB, Serum antibody responses to the IGKV3-20 recombinant protein in IGKV3+ lymphoma patients and healthy donors assessed by a chemiluminescence ELISA. Data are expressed as the ratio between the relative fluorescence unit (RFU) of the IGKV3-20 and those of tetanus toxoid, as reference value of antibody memory response to an exogenous antigen. This approach has been chosen to limit the possible influence of tumor-related immune suppression.&lt;/p&gt;
Dictionary Learning for Adaptive GPR Target Classification. (2018)

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) target detection and classification is a challenging task. Here, we consider various online dictionary learning (DL) methods to obtain sparse representation (SR) of the GPR data to enhance feature extraction for target classification via support vector machine. Online methods are preferred because traditional batch DL like K-SVD is not scalable to high-dimensional training sets and infeasible for real-time operation. We also develop Drop-Off MINi-batch Online Dictionary Learning (DOMINODL) which exploits the fact that a lot of the training data may be correlated. The DOMINODL algorithm iteratively considers elements of the training set in small batches and drops off samples which become less relevant. For the case of abandoned anti-personnel landmines classification, we compare the performance of K-SVD with three online algorithms: classical Online Dictionary Learning, its correlation-based variant and DOMINODL. Our experiments with real data from L-band GPR show that online DL methods reduce learning time by 36-93% and increase mine detection by 4-28% over K-SVD. Our DOMINODL is the fastest and retains similar classification performance as the other two online DL approaches. We use a Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test distance and the Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz inequality for the selection of DL input parameters leading to enhanced classification results. To further compare with state-of-the art classification approaches, we evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier which performs worse than the proposed approach. Moreover, when the acquired samples are randomly reduced by 25%, 50% and 75%, sparse decomposition based classification with DL remains robust while the CNN accuracy is drastically compromised.
Harnessing the Potential of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Rejuvenation of Group‐Transfer Polymerization of (Meth)Acrylics (2008)

Vielseitig: N-heterocyclische Carbene katalysieren die Gruppentransferpolymerisation von Acrylaten und Methacrylaten in polaren wie unpolaren Medien (siehe Schema) sehr effizient. Sie wurden auch dazu verwendet, all-(Meth)acryldiblock- und all-(Meth)acryltriblockcopolymere herzustellen.
Simulation of transient behavior of an EEPROM cell using a semi-quantum model for tunneling current (2002)

A semi-quantum model of tunnel current through N-polysilicon/Oxide/N/sup +/-silicon structure is implemented in order to simulate transient behavior of an EEPROM memory cell. This model depends on the sheet charge, electron impact frequency on the interface and tunneling probability. A comparison of this model with Fowler-Nordheim model is given.
Real‐world multicentre observational study including population pharmacokinetic modelling to evaluate the exposure–response relationship of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease: ERELATE Study (2022)

In this real-world study, a positive exposure-response relationship was observed for vedolizumab. Vedolizumab concentration during induction may be an important predictor of short- and long-term outcomes, and similarly, vedolizumab baseline clearance may be an important predictor of remission.
Nanostructural Effects in High Cellulose Content Thermoplastic Nanocomposites with a Covalently Grafted Cellulose–Poly(methyl methacrylate) Interface (2018)

A critical aspect in materials design of polymer nanocomposites is the nature of the nanoparticle/polymer interface. The present study investigates the effect of manipulation of the interface between cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on the optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the corresponding nanocomposites. The CNF/PMMA interface is altered with a minimum of changes in material composition so that interface effects can be analyzed. The hydroxyl-rich surface of CNF fibrils is exploited to modify the CNF surface via an epoxide-hydroxyl reaction. CNF/PMMA nanocomposites are then prepared with high CNF content (∼38 wt %) using an approach where a porous CNF mat is impregnated with monomer or polymer. The nanocomposite interface is controlled by either providing PMMA grafts from the modified CNF surface or by solvent-assisted diffusion of PMMA into a CNF network (native and modified). The high content of CNF fibrils of ∼6 nm diameter leads to a strong interface and polymer matrix distribution effects. Moisture uptake and mechanical properties are measured at different relative humidity conditions. The nanocomposites with PMMA molecules grafted to cellulose exhibited much higher optical transparency, thermal stability, and hygro-mechanical properties than the control samples. The present modification and preparation strategies are versatile and may be used for cellulose nanocomposites of other compositions, architectures, properties, and functionalities.
Message from Technical Program Chairmen (2005)

Presents the welcome message from the conference proceedings.
Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Finerenone (BAY 94–8862) in Individuals With Renal Impairment (2016)

Finerenone (BAY 94-8862) is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in development for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. This observational trial compared the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of finerenone 10 mg (immediate-release tablet) in adults with mild (creatinine clearance [CL<sub>CR</sub> ] 50-80 mL/min; n = 8), moderate (CL<sub>CR</sub> 30 to < 50 mL/min; n = 8), or severe (CL<sub>CR</sub> < 30 mL/min; n = 9) renal impairment with those in adults with normal renal function (CL<sub>CR</sub> > 80 mL/min; n = 8) over 96 hours postdose. Exposure to finerenone was not affected by mild renal impairment. In participants with moderate or severe renal impairment, exposure to finerenone was increased compared with those with normal renal function (increase in area under the curve for unbound finerenone, 57.1% [outlier excluded] and 46.5%, respectively), with moderate to high interindividual variability. Renal impairment had no consistent effect on the maximum plasma concentration, C<sub>max</sub> (differences in C<sub>max</sub> for unbound finerenone of +12% and -7% with moderate [outlier excluded] and severe impairment vs normal renal function, respectively). Renal elimination of finerenone is minimal. However, changes in exposure may occur because of the effects of renal impairment on nonrenal routes of elimination.
Photoresponse of an Electrically Tunable Ambipolar Graphene Infrared Thermocouple (2014)

We explore the photoresponse of an ambipolar graphene infrared thermocouple at photon energies close to or below monolayer graphene's optical phonon energy and electrostatically accessible Fermi energy levels. The ambipolar graphene infrared thermocouple consists of monolayer graphene supported by an infrared absorbing material, controlled by two independent electrostatic gates embedded below the absorber. Using a scanning infrared laser microscope, we characterize these devices as a function of carrier type and carrier density difference controlled at the junction between the two electrostatic gates. On the basis of these measurements, conducted at both mid- and near-infrared wavelengths, the primary detection mechanism can be modeled as a thermoelectric response. By studying the effect of different infrared absorbers, we determine that the optical absorption and thermal conduction of the substrate play the dominant role in the measured photoresponse of our devices. These experiments indicate a path toward hybrid graphene thermal detectors for sensing applications such as thermography and chemical spectroscopy.
The development of a fast physical photoresist model for OPE and SMO applications from an optical engineering perspective (2012)

This work describes a new photoresist imaging model that retains the fundamental physical and chemical properties of optical exposure, post-exposure bake and development. We apply dimensional reduction algorithms that reduce the imaging aspects of the problem, but preserve the imaging and thin film physics. This has the effect of simplifying the overall model and increasing the computational speed, while retaining an extremely accurate predictive capability. The model named the RoadRunner Model, gives more detail and parameter intuition than a basic threshold model and agrees well with full photoresist simulation. The model can be adapted for OPE analysis and source-mask optimization. We present an adaption of the model to incorporate relevant stochastic processes, and we discuss its use in applications such line wide roughness analysis and EUV imaging.