gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soret Coefficient in Nonionic Microemulsions: Concentration and Structure Dependence B (2013)

Here we investigate the thermal diffusion behavior of the nonionic microemulsion water/n-decane/pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C₁₂E₅). We study the dependence of the Soret coefficient on the structure and composition by infrared thermal diffusion Rayleigh scattering. The form and size of the microemulsion structure is characterized by dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering. The system was examined in the one-phase region between the emulsification failure boundary and the near critical boundary, where oil swollen nanostructures stabilized by an amphiphilic surfactant film are dispersed in a continuous water phase. The size and shape of these structures as well as the interfacial properties of microemulsions can be varied by changing temperature and composition, which allows a systematic study of their influence on the thermal diffusion properties. In addition, we analyze the relationship between the Soret coefficient and the temperature dependence of the interfacial tension as proposed by A. Parola and R. Piazza (Eur. Phys. J. E2004, 15, 255–263) and find reasonable agreement for spherical microemulsion droplets.
Force and moment characterization of flapping wings for micro air vehicle application (2005)

This paper presents a method for investigating the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wings for micro air vehicle application. For this purpose, a robotic flapper was designed and fabricated which can flap dynamically scaled wings in a desired kinematic pattern. An aerodynamic model and wing testing methodology was developed based on unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms. This model additionally accounts for the wing twisting. The experimental results show a good agreement with published data and the aerodynamic model compares well with the experimental results. The focus of the present work is on hovering flight, however, the methodology is general and can be extended to forward flight in future.
[Implementation of colorectal cancer screening in Sweden]. (2018)

Convincing data demonstrate that screening reduces mortality in colorectal cancer. International organizations and national authorities recommend implementation of colorectal cancer screening programs. There are several different primary methods for screening, including tests of blood in feces, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, all with their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The majority of programs utilizes fecal occult blood test as primary screening method followed by colonoscopy. Colonoscopy as a primary screening method has the advantage of directly removing precancerous lesions and ongoing studies evaluates the role of colonoscopy as a primary screening method for colorectal cancer. Challenges for implementation of screening in Sweden include limited access to colonoscopy resources and problems to reassure quality control. This article summarizes current evidence for colorectal cancer screening, as well as methods and requirements for implementation.
<title>Cryogenic standard CMOS sensor readout electronics</title> (2000)

Hybrid sensors performance critically depends on the performance of the analog read-out electronics. The analog design methodologies are very well known and documented provided the operating temperature stays above temperatures where carrier freeze-out occurs. Even though the behavior of individual MOS transistors at low temperature, i.e. below 30 K, has been studied in detail, this has not yet led to design guidelines for the design of building blocks and/or complete systems that will operate satisfactorily at these low temperatures. The main challenges are the design of amplifiers with high open-loop gain, low electrical power consumption and low noise. By providing cryogenic design guidelines, this paper tries to bridge the gap that exists between the information available on the MOS transistors and the needs of design engineers confronted with practical problems. The issue of transistor dimensioning using simple models of the MOS transistor will be discussed.
Optical Interconnects with Reflection Holographic Optical Elements (1986)

The increasing demands on micrelectronic circuits for small size and high data rates has pushed electronic interconnection technology to its limit. New techniques are being sought to circumvent these difficulties. Among them are optical interconnections. A multiple grating reflection type holographic element can be used in a number of electronic chip to chip interconnection arrangements. To be effective the element should distribute optical radiation incident at one reconstruction angle into a number of signal beam directions with high diffraction efficiency, η. Analytical and numerical models have been developed to describe some aspects of multiple transmission gratings 1 , 2 ,however except for the "on-Bragg" description by Kowarschik 3 , relatively little exists for multiple reflection gratings.
Perovskite Solar Cells: Promises and Challenges (2018)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Scientific and Technological Background The Fast Development of PSCs Remaining Challenges and Prospects of PSCs
Binding of interferon reduces the force of unfolding for interferon receptor 1 (2017)

Differential signaling of the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) has been correlated with the ability of its subunit, IFNAR1, to differentially recognize a large spectrum of different ligands, which involves intricate conformational re-arrangements of multiple interacting domains. To shed light onto the structural determinants governing ligand recognition, we compared the force-induced unfolding of the IFNAR1 ectodomain when bound to interferon and when free, using the atomic force microscope and steered molecular dynamics simulations. Unexpectedly, we find that IFNAR1 is easier to mechanically unfold when bound to interferon than when free. Analysis of the structures indicated that the origin of the reduction in unfolding forces is a conformational change in IFNAR1 induced by ligand binding.
What should be the goal of therapy for Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients? Complete response should be the goal of therapy (2017)

<b>Publisher's Note:</b><i>This article has a companion</i>.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN RATS WITH A LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN (REVIPARIN) (2001)

Treatment with the LMWH reviparin significantly improved chronic renal allograft rejection in the F344-to-LEW rat model, both after early and late start of therapy. Although the exact mechanisms of this beneficial effect remain unclear, our data offer a potential new therapeutical approach for prevention of chronic allograft nephropathy.
Humanization of an antibody against human protein C and calcium- dependence involving framework residues (1998)

A murine monoclonal antibody to the zymogen form of human protein C that blocks protein C activation by thrombin-thrombomodulin both in vitro and in vivo has been humanized using the consensus and resurfacing methods. While the binding of the parent murine antibody to protein C is calcium-dependent (1.5-2-fold decrease in binding without calcium), the humanized antibody exhibited a significant increase in its calcium-dependence (5-fold decrease in binding without calcium). Two exposed human framework residues in the variable light domain of the humanized antibody, aspartic acid L1 and glutamine L3, are responsible for the increase in calcium-dependence.
Synthetic Chemical Inducers and Genetic Decoupling Enable Orthogonal Control of the rhaBAD Promoter (2016)

External control of gene expression is crucial in synthetic biology and biotechnology research and applications, and is commonly achieved using inducible promoter systems. The E. coli rhamnose-inducible rhaBAD promoter has properties superior to more commonly used inducible expression systems, but is marred by transient expression caused by degradation of the native inducer, l-rhamnose. To address this problem, 35 analogues of l-rhamnose were screened for induction of the rhaBAD promoter, but no strong inducers were identified. In the native configuration, an inducer must bind and activate two transcriptional activators, RhaR and RhaS. Therefore, the expression system was reconfigured to decouple the rhaBAD promoter from the native rhaSR regulatory cascade so that candidate inducers need only activate the terminal transcription factor RhaS. Rescreening the 35 compounds using the modified rhaBAD expression system revealed several promising inducers. These were characterized further to determine the strength, kinetics, and concentration-dependence of induction; whether the inducer was used as a carbon source by E. coli; and the modality (distribution) of induction among populations of cells. l-Mannose was found to be the most useful orthogonal inducer, providing an even greater range of induction than the native inducer l-rhamnose, and crucially, allowing sustained induction instead of transient induction. These findings address the key limitation of the rhaBAD expression system and suggest it may now be the most suitable system for many applications.
Cross-linked membranes with a macromolecular cross-linker for direct methanol fuel cells (2011)

With the goal of reducing water swelling and methanol permeability in sulfonated proton exchange membranes (PEM), bromomethylated poly(ether ether ketone) was synthesized and used as a macromolecular cross-linker. The cross-linking reaction was performed at 195 °C for 5 h and resulted in cross-linked membranes with high cross-linked density. Compared to the pristine membrane, the cross-linked membranes displayed greatly reduced water uptake and methanol permeability. Other properties of the cross-linked membranes, including proton conductivity, mechanical properties, and oxidative stability, were also investigated and compared with the pristine membrane. All the results indicated that the novel macromolecular cross-linker and the resulting cross-linked membranes are promising for fuel cell applications.
Coupling element antenna with slot tuning for handheld devices at LTE frequencies (2012)

Tunable antennas are a promising way to overcome bandwidth limitations for the new communication standards. Since it is the chassis that resonates in the low frequencies, its tuning is pertinent and allows for more compact size designs. This paper proposes a coupling element based antenna. A reconfigurable slot is inserted in the ground plane in order to lower its resonance frequency. The tuning is done by a capacitor across the slot. It is shown that covering all frequencies between the 900-GSM band and the 700-LTE band can be achieved. The radiating structure also presents a resonance in the high LTE band which is unaffected by the tuning mechanism of the lower band. Moreover, the efficiency can be optimized by an analysis of the currents across the slot. The study also shows that holding the device does not lead to additional mismatch losses which will further improve the overall efficiency.
Data from Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Primary and Acquired Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To identify novel mechanisms of resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors in patients with lung adenocarcinoma that progressed under therapy with either AZD9291 or rociletinib (CO-1686).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We analyzed tumor biopsies from seven patients obtained before, during, and/or after treatment with AZD9291 or rociletinib (CO-1686). Targeted sequencing and FISH analyses were performed, and the relevance of candidate genes was functionally assessed in &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We found recurrent amplification of either &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;ERBB2&lt;/i&gt; in tumors that were resistant or developed resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors and show that ERBB2 and MET activation can confer resistance to these compounds. Furthermore, we identified a &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;G12S&lt;/sup&gt; mutation in a patient with acquired resistance to AZD9291 as a potential driver of acquired resistance. Finally, we show that dual inhibition of EGFR/MEK might be a viable strategy to overcome resistance in &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;-mutant cells expressing mutant &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data suggest that heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance can drive primary and acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors and provide a rationale for potential combination strategies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4837–47. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Forward and Inverse Calculations for Near-Infrared Imaging Using a Multigrid Finite Difference Method (2022)

A multigrid finite difference method for solving the diffusion is used to solve the forward optical imaging problem. Simulations of near-infrared imaging are presented for some simple test objects, using typical soft tissue interaction coefficients. The forward calculation used here may provide a fast method of reconstructing diagnostic optical images.
Multistep batch-flow hybrid synthesis of a terbinafine precursor (2021)

Abstract A three-step batch-flow hybrid process has been developed for an expeditious synthesis of the enynol key intermediate of antifungal terbinafine. This procedure involves consecutive organometallic steps without the necessity of any in-line purification: after a metalation by n -butyllithium, a selective addition of the lithium salt was elaborated followed by a Grignard reaction resulting in a high yield of 6,6-dimethylhept-1-en-4-yn-3-ol. Moreover, as an alternative to tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether was used as solvent implementing a safe, sustainable, yet selective synthetic process. Even on a laboratory-scale, the optimized batch-flow hybrid process had a theoretical throughput of 41 g/h. Furthermore, the newly developed process provides an efficient synthesis route to the key-intermediate, while making acrolein obsolete, minimizing side-products, and enabling safe and convenient scale-up.
Molecular pharmacology of the human prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2 (2002)

1. The recombinant human prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) receptor, hCRTH2, has been expressed in HEK293(EBNA) and characterized with respect to radioligand binding and signal transduction properties. High and low affinity binding sites for PGD(2) were identified in the CRTH2 receptor population by saturation analysis with respective equilibrium dissociation constants (K(D)) of 2.5 and 109 nM. This revealed that the affinity of PGD(2) for CRTH2 is eight times less than its affinity for the DP receptor. 2. Equilibrium competition binding assays revealed that of the compounds tested, only PGD(2) and several related metabolites bound with high affinity to CRTH2 (K(i) values ranging from 2.4 to 34.0 nM) with the following rank order of potency: PGD(2)>13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD(2)>15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2)>PGJ(2)>Delta(12)-PGJ(2)>15(S)-15 methyl-PGD(2). This is in sharp contrast with the rank order of potency obtained at DP : PGD(2)>PGJ(2)>Delta(12)-PGJ(2)>15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) >>>13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD(2). 3. Functional studies demonstrated that PGD(2) activation of recombinant CRTH2 results in decrease of intracellular cAMP in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. Therefore, we showed that CRTH2 can functionally couple to the G-protein G(alphai/o). PGD(2) and related metabolites were tested and their rank order of potency followed the results of the membrane binding assay. 4. By Northern blot analysis, we showed that, besides haemopoietic cells, CRTH2 is expressed in many other tissues such as brain, heart, thymus, spleen and various tissues of the digestive system. In addition, in situ hybridization studies revealed that CRTH2 mRNA is expressed in human eosinophils. Finally, radioligand binding studies demonstrated that two eosinophilic cell lines, butyric acid-differentiated HL-60 and AML 14.3D10, also endogenously express CRTH2.
An Error Backpropagation-based Background Calibration of Pipeline TI-ADCs for 256-QAM Optical Coherent Receivers (2021)

A novel background calibration technique for the residue amplifier gain of a pipeline time-interleaved analog to digital converter (TI-ADC) is proposed in this paper. The technique is based on the backpropagation algorithm, which is widely used in neural network training, and can be applied to any pipeline topology, regardless of the number of stages. Backpropagation-based calibration is applicable to digital communication receivers, and the particular application discussed in this paper is coherent optical transceivers. The technique is able to operate in conjunction with other backpropagation-based TI-ADC mismatch calibration algorithms without introducing additional complexities. The main advantages of the technique proposed here are its robustness, its speed of convergence and the fact that it always works in background mode, which makes it suitable to track any process, voltage and temperature variations. Simulations are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal for two different pipeline ADC topologies.
Regularizing Face Verification Nets For Pain Intensity Regression (2017)

Limited labeled data are available for the research of estimating facial expression intensities. For instance, the ability to train deep networks for automated pain assessment is limited by small datasets with labels of patient-reported pain intensities. Fortunately, fine-tuning from a data-extensive pre-trained domain, such as face verification, can alleviate this problem. In this paper, we propose a network that fine-tunes a state-of-the-art face verification network using a regularized regression loss and additional data with expression labels. In this way, the expression intensity regression task can benefit from the rich feature representations trained on a huge amount of data for face verification. The proposed regularized deep regressor is applied to estimate the pain expression intensity and verified on the widely-used UNBC-McMaster Shoulder-Pain dataset, achieving the state-of-the-art performance. A weighted evaluation metric is also proposed to address the imbalance issue of different pain intensities.
AssembleNet: Searching for Multi-Stream Neural Connectivity in Video\n Architectures (2019)

Learning to represent videos is a very challenging task both algorithmically\nand computationally. Standard video CNN architectures have been designed by\ndirectly extending architectures devised for image understanding to include the\ntime dimension, using modules such as 3D convolutions, or by using two-stream\ndesign to capture both appearance and motion in videos. We interpret a video\nCNN as a collection of multi-stream convolutional blocks connected to each\nother, and propose the approach of automatically finding neural architectures\nwith better connectivity and spatio-temporal interactions for video\nunderstanding. This is done by evolving a population of overly-connected\narchitectures guided by connection weight learning. Architectures combining\nrepresentations that abstract different input types (i.e., RGB and optical\nflow) at multiple temporal resolutions are searched for, allowing different\ntypes or sources of information to interact with each other. Our method,\nreferred to as AssembleNet, outperforms prior approaches on public video\ndatasets, in some cases by a great margin. We obtain 58.6% mAP on Charades and\n34.27% accuracy on Moments-in-Time.\n
MIME Type Registration for RTP Payload Format for H.224 (2006)

In conversational video applications, far-end camera control protocol
is used by participants to control the remote camera. The protocol
that is commonly used is ITU H.281 over H.224. The document registers
the H224 media type. It defines the syntax and the semantics of the
Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameters needed to support far-
end camera control protocol using H.224. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acid Related Compounds. Part 81. Syntheses of 9‐(3‐Deoxy‐β ‐D‐threo‐pentofuranosyl)adenine, the Core Nucleoside of the Extraordinarily Selective Antibiotic Agrocin 84, and Simplified Structural Component Analogues. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Seeing Is Believing: Weak Phonon Scattering from Nanostructures in Alkali Metal-Doped Lead Telluride (2011)

Alkali metal doped p-type PbTe is a canonical thermoelectric material studied extensively for heat-to-power generation at high temperature. Most reports have indirectly indicated alkali metals to be conventional with PbTe forming homogeneous solid solutions. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we show the presence of platelet-like nanostructures in these systems containing Na and/or K. By combining further TEM and semiclassical theoretical calculations based on a modified Debye model of the lattice thermal conductivity, we explain the lack of efficacy of these nanostructures for strong phonon scattering. These findings are important in the understanding of alkali metals as carriers in p-type lead chalcogenides. These results also underscore that not all nanostructures favorably scatter phonons in a matrix; an insight that may help in further improvements of the power factor and the overall figure of merit.
Increasing Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy (2011)

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Financial Disclosure: The author did not report any potential conflicts of interest. Editor's Note: Readers may refer to a Correction about this Letter to the Editor on page 186.
Suppression of Ocular Vascular Inflammation through Peptide-Mediated Activation of Angiopoietin-Tie2 Signaling (2020)

Persistent inflammation is a complication associated with many ocular diseases. Changes in ocular vessels can amplify disease responses and contribute to vision loss by influencing the delivery of leukocytes to the eye, vascular leakage, and perfusion. Here, we report the anti-inflammatory activity for AXT107, a non-RGD, 20-mer αvβ3 and α5β1 integrin-binding peptide that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-signaling and activates tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF-like domains 2 (Tie2) using the normally inhibitory ligand angiopoietin 2 (Ang2). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a central inflammation mediator, induces Ang2 release from endothelial cells to enhance its stimulation of inflammation and vascular leakage. AXT107 resolves TNFα-induced vascular inflammation in endothelial cells by converting the endogenously released Ang2 into an agonist of Tie2 signaling, thereby disrupting both the synergism between TNFα and Ang2 while also preventing inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α (IκBα) degradation directly through Tie2 signaling. This recovery of IκBα prevents nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) nuclear localization, thereby blocking NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses, including the production of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, leukostasis, and vascular leakage in cell and mouse models. AXT107 also decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) without affecting levels of the more protective TNFR2. These data suggest that AXT107 may provide multiple benefits in the treatment of retinal/choroidal and other vascular diseases by suppressing inflammation and promoting vascular stabilization.