gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable concurrent counting (1995)

The notion of counting is central to a number of basic multiprocessor coordination problems, such as dynamic load balancing, barrier synchronization, and concurrent data structure design. We investigate the scalability of a variety of counting techniques for large-scale multiprocessors. We compare counting techniques based on: (1) spin locks, (2) message passing, (3) distributed queues, (4) software combining trees, and (5) counting networks. Our comparison is based on a series of simple benchmarks on a simulated 64-processor Alewife machine, a distributed-memory multiprocessor currently under development at MIT. Although locking techniques are known to perform well on small-scale, bus-based multiprocessors, serialization limits performance, and contention can degrade performance. Both counting networks and combining trees outperform the other methods substantially by avoiding serialization and alleviating contention, although combining-tree throughput is more sensitive to variations in load. A comparison of shared-memory and message-passing implementations of counting networks and combining trees shows that message-passing implementations have substantially higher throughput.
Structured assist features in inverse lithography (2023)

The original inverse lithography technology (ILT) commitment of creating a free-form mask from ex nihilo underwent transformation under pressure of constraints that are imposed by the capabilities of manufacturing and inspection equipment. This pressure became especially noticeable in the dealing with sub-resolution assist features (SRAF). The freeform SRAFs are naturally unmanufacturable and hard to inspect. In addition to this complication, the ILT signal for SRAFs is substantially weaker and often ill-defined in comparison to a strong signal from fidelity objectives to print main features on target. So, it is difficult to automatically produce SRAFs that are simultaneously geometrically stable, do not print, MRC-clean, and deliver the best lithographic quality. To overcome these obstacles, we propose new concept of structured SRAFs by combining ILT ideas with robust geometrical parameterization to introduce well-behaved and MRC-clean by construction mask decorations.
The Link Between Periodontal Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Review (2014)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a leading pathogen in chronic periodontitis, a disease process involving progressive destruction of the tissues that support the teeth. Recently, the organism has been reported to produce a unique bacterial enzyme, P. gingivalis peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PPAD), which has the ability to convert arginine residues in proteins to citrulline. Protein citrullination alters protein structure and function; hence, PPAD may be involved in deregulation of the host's signalling network and immune evasion. Further, accumulating evidence suggests a role for autoimmunity against citrullinated proteins in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As inflammatory conditions in the lungs of cigarette smokers contribute to the breakdown of immune tolerance to citrullinated epitopes, chronic exposure to citrullinated proteins at periodontitis sites may also predispose susceptible individuals to the development of autoantibodies and the initiation of RA. In this review, we discuss evidence that PPAD may represent a mechanistic link between periodontitis and RA, diseases that are known to be significantly associated at the epidemiological level.
Experimental investigation of contour crafting using ceramics materials (2001)

This paper presents research about the adaptation of Contour Crafting, a novel prototyping process, for two carefully chosen uncured ceramic materials. The details of the construction and operation of the fabrication machine, as well as procedures and results from our preliminary experimentation are concisely presented.
Self-Healing Characterization of Engineered Cementitious Composite Materials (2010)

This research investigates the self-healing behavior of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) materials. Crack characteristics, resonant frequency (RF) recovery, and the effect of wet-dry conditioning cycles were studied. Characterization of the self-healing products in ECC materials was carried out with an environmental scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy system (ESEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the experimental results, wet-dry conditioning cycles aid self-healing, most of which occurs before four to five cycles. The products of self-healing were identified as mainly C-S-H and calcite. These products almost completely bridge cracks less than 50µm wide. Overall, the self-controlled tight crack width (CW) of ECC materials tailored for high-tensile ductility encourages robust self-healing behavior in both young and mature (3- and 90-day-old) ECC specimens, respectively.
N-acetylcysteine protects melanoma specific cytotoxic T cells from TCR restimulation induced DNA damage and enhances tumor control in vitro and in vivo. (2016)

Abstract Clinical trials utilizing the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor antigen specific lymphocytes have demonstrated superior clinical efficacy compared to standard-of-care. However, the majority of patients do not achieve a durable complete response requiring further optimization of the therapy. The rapid expansion of therapeutic T cells increases susceptibility to Activation Induced Cell Death (AICD) following TCR restimulation in vitro. Our investigations demonstrate that TCR restimulation enhances phosphorylation of γH2AX and pSMC-1, which are markers of double-strand DNA breaks. Onset of DNA damage was accompanied by the autophosphorylation of ATM, activation of the cell-death regulator p53 via phosphorylation on Ser15, and its accumulation in the nucleus. Directed inhibition of ATM with Caffeine or KU55933 protected cells from AICD. The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented the onset of DNA damage and subsequent ATM/p53 activation as well as cell death. Expansion of TIL1383I transduced human T cells in NAC reduced levels of γH2AX, PD-1 and CD57 while enhancing killing of MEL624 melanoma cells in vitro. In the Pmel model, expansion of T cells in NAC increased their persistence in blood and spleen and decreased γH2AX expression. NAC treatment also increased the presence of Pmel cells in the tumor, reduced tumor growth and significantly increased survival of B16-F10 challenged mice. Taken together, these data suggest the addition of NAC to current therapeutic T cell expansion protocols has the potential to improve the quality and therapeutic efficacy of the cell product infused into patients.
Nanoscale Complexity of Phospholipid Monolayers Investigated by Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (1995)

Near-field scanning optical microscopy of phospholipid monolayers doped with fluorescent lipid analogs reveals previously undescribed features in various phases, including a concentration gradient at the liquid-expanded/liquid-condensed domain boundary and weblike structures in the solid-condensed phase. Presumably, the web structures are grain boundaries between crystalline solid lipid. These structures are strongly modulated by the addition of low concentrations of cholesterol and ganglioside GM1 in the monolayer.
Ketamine Does Not Increase Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity or Intracranial Pressure During Isoflurane/Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy (1995)

Ketamine's effect on cerebral hemodynamics is controversial. We hypothesized that ketamine would not increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity in anesthetized, ventilated patients. Twenty patients requiring craniotomy for brain tumor or cerebral aneurysm were studied. After induction with thiopental, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. During controlled ventilation (PaCO2 34 +/- 1 mm Hg); middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (VMCA), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), bilateral frontooccipital processed electroencephalogram (EEG), and ICP were measured before and for 10 min after intravenous ketamine 1.0 mg/kg. Cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were calculated. After ketamine, MAP, CPP, PaCO2, and AVDO2 were unchanged. ICP decreased from 16 +/- 1 mm Hg to 14 +/- 1 mm Hg (mean +/- SE; P < 0.001) and VMCA decreased from 44 +/- 4 cm/s to 39 +/- 4 cm/s (P < 0.001). Total EEG power decreased (P < 0.02). These results suggest that ketamine can be used in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated patients with mildly increased ICP without adversely altering cerebral hemodynamics.
<title>Fluorescence imaging of early lung cancer</title> (1995)

The performance of a fluorescence imaging device was compared with conventional white-light bronchoscopy in 100 patients with lung cancer, 46 patients with resected State I nonsmall cell lung cancer, 10 patients with head and neck cancer, and 67 volunteers who had smoked at least one pack of cigarettes per day for twenty-five years or more. Using differences in tissue autofluorescence between premalignant, malignant and normal tissues, fluorescence bronchoscopy was found to detect more than twice as many moderate-severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ sites than conventional white-light bronchoscopy. The use of fluorescence imaging to detect small peripheral lung nodules was investigated in a micro metastatic lung model of mice implanted with Lewis lung tumor cells. Fluorescence imaging was found to be able to detect small malignant lung lesions. The use of (delta) -aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to enhance fluorescence detection of CIS was investigated in a patient after oral administration of 60 mg/kg of ALA four hours prior to bronchoscopy, although ALA enhanced the tumor's visibility, multiple sites of false positive fluorescence were observed in areas of inflammation or metaplasia.
High-temperature 434 MHz surface acoustic wave devices based on GaPO/sub 4/ (2006)

Research into surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices began in the early 1970s and led to the development of high performance, small size, and high reproducibility devices. Much research has now been done on the application of such devices to consumer electronics, process monitoring, and communication systems. The use of novel materials, such as gallium phosphate (GaPO4), extends the operating temperature of the elements. SAW devices based on this material operating at 434 MHz and up 800 degrees C, can be used for passive wireless sensor applications. Interdigital transducer (IDT) devices with platinum/zirconium metallization and 1.4 microm finger-gap ratio of 1:1 have been fabricated using direct write e-beam lithography and a lift-off process. The performance and long-term stability of these devices has been studied, and the results are reported in this paper.
Long‐term clinical experience with cardiac contractility modulation therapy delivered by the Optimizer Smart system (2021)

Abstract Aims We assessed long‐term effects of cardiac contractility modulation delivered by the Optimizer Smart system on quality of life, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mortality and heart failure and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Methods and results CCM‐REG is a prospective registry study including 503 patients from 51 European centres. Effects were evaluated in three terciles of LVEF (≤25%, 26–34% and ≥35%) and in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and normal sinus rhythm (NSR). Hospitalization rates were compared using a chi‐square test. Changes in functional parameters of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) and LVEF were assessed with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and event‐free survival by Kaplan–Meier analysis. For the entire cohort and each subgroup, NYHA class and MLWHFQ improved at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months ( P &lt; 0.0001). At 24 months, NYHA class, MLWHFQ and LVEF showed an average improvement of 0.6 ± 0.7, 10 ± 21 and 5.6 ± 8.4%, respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). LVEF improved in the entire cohort and in the LVEF ≤25% subgroup with AF and NSR. In the overall cohort, heart failure hospitalizations decreased from 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.82] prior to enrolment to 0.25 (95% CI 0.21–0.28) events per patient‐year during 2‐year follow‐up ( P &lt; 0.0001). Cardiovascular hospitalizations decreased from 1.04 (95% CI 0.95–1.13) events per patient‐year prior to enrolment to 0.39 (95% CI 0.35–0.44) events per patient‐year during 2‐year follow‐up ( P &lt; 0.0001). Similar reductions of hospitalization rates were observed in the LVEF, AF and NSR subgroups. Estimated survival was significantly better than predicted by MAGGIC at 1 and 3 years in the entire cohort and in the LVEF 26–34% and ≥35% subgroups. Conclusions Cardiac contractility modulation therapy improved functional status, quality of life, LVEF and, compared to patients' prior history, reduced heart failure hospitalization rates. Survival at 1 and 3 years was significantly better than predicted by the MAGGIC risk score.
Is Family Caregiving Associated With Inflammation or Compromised Immunity? A Meta-Analysis (2019)

Caregivers had small but significantly reduced immune system functioning and greater inflammation than noncaregivers, but associations were generally weak and of questionable clinical significance. The absence of clear associations from low bias studies and population-based studies underscores concerns with possible selection biases in many of the convenience samples. Population-based studies that assess biomarkers before and after the onset of caregiving might add much clarity to this literature.
Bibliometric analysis of core competencies associated nursing management publications (2022)

This study provides scholars and managers with an overview of the current situation of nursing management research and the development of benchmark journals. The study provides researchers not only with a better understanding of various international journals, allowing them to transition out of traditional thinking in the era of science and technology, but also with innovative thinking by combining research with nursing management. The results of this study invite nursing managers to study relevant topics of core competencies and integrate information technology to education, management and nurses, thereby contributing to nursing management and educational research.
Gain-bandwidth enhancement of 60GHz single-layer Fabry-P&#x00E9;rot cavity antennas using sparse-array (2014)

Gain enhancement of a 60 GHz Fabry-Pérot cavity antenna is obtained through excitation of the resonant cavity using a 4-element sparse-array. The antenna design is very simple and consists of a single-layer dielectric-based structure with thin layers of copper being printed on the top and bottom forming the ground/feed and the frequency-selective surface. Full-wave simulation results verify the desired performance of the antenna.
Light and Electron Microscopic Immunolocalization of Bovine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein in the Bovine Placentome1 (1992)

A bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG) of 67 kDa has previously been isolated from bovine fetal cotyledons. The objective of this study was to determine the cytological localization of that protein in the placentomes and possibly the cells responsible for its production. Highly specific antisera raised against pure bPAG were used to demonstrate the cellular localization of the protein in bovine placentomes by light and electron microscopic techniques. Strong immunostaining was observed exclusively in the cytoplasm of large binucleate cells present predominantly in fetal cotyledonary tissue (villi). Some smaller weakly immunostained cells were also present in caruncular epithelium. By ultrastructural immunogold procedures, the protein was detected only within amorphous cytoplasmic granules. Granules of identical size, but weakly labeled, were found on the maternal side. All cells containing labeled granules were binucleate. These results suggest that bPAG is probably synthesized by trophoblast binucleate cells and stored in granules prior to delivery into the maternal circulation after cell migration.
A consensus embedding approach for segmentation of high resolution in vivo prostate magnetic resonance imagery (2008)

Current techniques for localization of prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP) via blinded trans-rectal ultrasound biopsy are associated with a high false negative detection rate. While high resolution endorectal in vivo Magnetic Resonance (MR) prostate imaging has been shown to have improved contrast and resolution for CaP detection over ultrasound, similarity in intensity characteristics between benign and cancerous regions on MR images contribute to a high false positive detection rate. In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised segmentation method that employs manifold learning via consensus schemes for detection of cancerous regions from high resolution 1.5 Tesla (T) endorectal in vivo prostate MRI. A significant contribution of this paper is a method to combine multiple weak, lower-dimensional representations of high dimensional feature data in a way analogous to classifier ensemble schemes, and hence create a stable and accurate reduced dimensional representation. After correcting for MR image intensity artifacts, such as bias field inhomogeneity and intensity non-standardness, our algorithm extracts over 350 3D texture features at every spatial location in the MR scene at multiple scales and orientations. Non-linear dimensionality reduction schemes such as Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) and Graph Embedding (GE) are employed to create multiple low dimensional data representations of this high dimensional texture feature space. Our novel consensus embedding method is used to average object adjacencies from within the multiple low dimensional projections so that class relationships are preserved. Unsupervised consensus clustering is then used to partition the objects in this consensus embedding space into distinct classes. Quantitative evaluation on 18 1.5 T prostate MR data against corresponding histology obtained from the multi-site ACRIN trials show a sensitivity of 92.65% and a specificity of 82.06%, which suggests that our method is successfully able to detect suspicious regions in the prostate.
Interfacing Single Photons from Dissimilar Sources (2011)

We interface single photons generated by a quantum dot with those generated via parametric down-conversion. The photon indistinguishability is assessed by measuring their coalescence probability; it is 16% and limited by quantum dot decoherence.
Dual-Family Peptidylprolyl Isomerases (Immunophilins) of Select Monocellular Organisms (2018)

The dual-family peptidylprolyl <i>cis-trans</i> isomerases (immunophilins) represent a naturally occurring chimera of the classical FK506-binding protein (FKBP) and cyclophilin (CYN), connected by a flexible linker. They are found exclusively in monocellular organisms. The modular builds of these molecules represent two distinct types: CYN-(linker)-FKBP and FKBP-3TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat)-CYN. Abbreviated respectively as CFBP and FCBP, the two classes also exhibit distinct organism preference, the CFBP being found in prokaryotes, and the FCBP in eukaryotes. This review summarizes the mystery of these unique class of prolyl isomerases, focusing on their host organisms, potential physiological role, and likely routes of evolution.
Potential scaling effects for asynchronous video in multirobot search (2008)

Camera guided teleoperation has long been the preferred mode for controlling remote robots with other modes such as asynchronous control only used when unavoidable. Because controlling multiple robots places additional demands on the operator we hypothesized that removing the forced pace for reviewing camera video might reduce workload and improve performance. In an initial experiment we evaluated the usefulness of asynchronous operation for a four robot search task. Participants operated four robot teams performing a simulated urban search and rescue (USAR) task using conventional streaming video plus a map interface or an experimental interface without streaming video but with the ability to store panoramic images on the map to be viewed at leisure. Search performance was somewhat better using the conventional interface; however, ancillary measures suggest that the asynchronous interface succeeded in reducing temporal demands for switching between robots. Because the advantages hypothesized for the asynchronous interface are due to reduction in time stress and workload, the four robot condition may have simply been too easy to observe this advantage. This view is at least partially supported by the reduced switching found in the panoramic condition. We have recently collected data for the streaming video condition for 4, 8, and 12 robots. In this data we found a marked deterioration in performance for the 12 robot condition, suggesting that at this level of difficulty asynchronous video might have an advantage. In this paper we present data for the four robot case comparison and discuss the implications of the recent data from larger teams.
TIPICO IX: report of the 9th interactive infectious disease workshop on infectious diseases and vaccines (2019)

TIPICO is an expert meeting and workshop that aims to provide the most recent evidence in the field of infectious diseases and vaccination. The 10th Interactive Infectious Disease TIPICO workshop took place in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, on November 21-22, 2019. Cutting-edge advances in vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, rotavirus, human papillomavirus, <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, influenza virus, and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi were discussed. Furthermore, heterologous vaccine effects were updated, including the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine as potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Finally, the workshop also included presentations and discussion on emergent virus and zoonoses, vaccine resilience, building and sustaining confidence in vaccination, approaches to vaccine decision-making, pros and cons of compulsory vaccination, the latest advances in decoding infectious diseases by RNA gene signatures, and the application of big data approaches.
Racial disparity in survival of patients diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer (2020)

Background: Survival is reduced in African–Americans (AAs) diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in those <50 years old, when compared with Caucasian Americans (CAs). Yet, the role of clinicopathologic features of CRCs on racial differences in survival needs further study. Materials & methods: Over 1000 individuals (CA 709, AA 320) diagnosed with CRC were studied for survival via the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis based on race and risk of death in two age groups (<50 or 50+). Results: Risk of death for younger AAs (<50) was elevated compared with younger CAs (hazard ratio [HR] 1.98 [1.26–3.09]). Yet no racial differences in survival was observed in older cohort (50+ years), HR 1.07 (0.88–1.31); p for interaction = 0.01. In younger AAs versus CAs only, colonic location attenuated the risk of death. Conclusion: The tumor location and histology influence the poorer survival observed in younger AAs suggesting these may also influence treatment responses.