gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecting ASIC libraries and flows in nanometer era (2003)

This paper is in response to the question 'ASIC Design the nm era - dead or alive' from an ASIC library architecture and library flow point of view. The authors believe it is certainly significantly harder to design in the nm era but ASIC design is not dead. ASIC Design is much more challenging in the nanometer era. This paper will present some of the main effects that have become significant in terms of library architecture and library creation flow. Some full chip level effects will be discussed. Example solutions to some of these dramatic trends will also be presented. This is presented in a 'stories from the trenches' format - from the team that architects and delivers TI ASIC libraries. The majority of the data presented comes from development of TI ASIC 130, 90 and 65nm libraries.
Jitter in high-speed serial and parallel links (2004)

Jitter degrades the performance of both high-speed serial and parallel I/O links by limiting the maximum achievable data-rates. We present analytical expressions to evaluate the effect of jitter on the performance of high-speed links. These expressions enable simple calculation of worst-case voltage and timing margins in the presence of jitter. This analysis is also extended to equalized links. Finally, we show that the limited bandwidth of the channel can amplify high frequency jitter and present means to counteract jitter amplification.
Evolution: At the Core of Molecular Change (2000)

Theses cloned new genes may play a role in brain tumorigenesis. Further studies including verification of oncogene, cancer protein, and glioblastoma induction in animal model are needed.
A Note on the Floral Morphology of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. (Ranunculaceae) - An Important Temperate Medicinal Plant (2012)

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as Atish , is an important endangered (IUCN, 1993) temperate medicinal plant (Fig.1) distributed between 2400 and 4500 m amsl in temperate and alpine regions of the Himalaya. Distribution and morphology of this species has been extensively documented by various workers from time to time (Hooker and Thomson, 1872; Collett, 1902; Kirtikar& Basu 1975; Blatter, 1984; Polunin & Stainton, 1984; Prajapati et al. , 2007 and Nautial et al., 2009). However, its floral description especially perianth as described by these workers appears to be incomplete. Its perianth has been described as (i) “Raceme many flowered, helmet shortly beaked……flowers more than 1 inch long, bright blue, greenish blue with purple veins. Helmet half as high as long” (Hooker & Thomson, 1872), (ii) “Flowers 1 in. long, dull green-blue with purple veins; helmet pointed in front, top rounded; lateral sepals as long as the helmet” (Collett, 1902), (iii) “sepals more or less blue or violet, rarely whitish, with dark conspicuous veins, finely pubescent or glabrous; upper sepal almost vavicular obliquely erect, shortly or obscurely beaked, 18-20 mm. high and as long from tip to base, widest (8-9 mm.) above the middle, lateral margin sinous, lateral sepal very oblique and broadly obovate with dark tips, 14-20 mm. long, 12-20 mm broad, not clawed; lower sepals elliptic, obtuse or subacute, 8-10 mm long; nectaries glabrous, extinguisher-shaped; claw erect, 16-18 mm. long, hood short (up to 4 mm.) and very wide, more or less gibbous above, lip very short and broad, obtusely 2-lobed or entire” (Kirtikar & Basu, 1975), (iv) “More than 1 inch long flower, dull green purple or dull green-blue with dark purple veins. Sepals 5, petal like, erect, the upper one (helmet) pointed in front, top rounded; lateral sepals as long as the helmet” (Blatter, 1984), (v) “Flowers 2.5-3 cm, usually in lax spike-like cluster with very variable bracts which are either small linear, small ovate, or large ovate and enclosing the lower part of the flower and fruit. hood rounded, broader than long ” (Polunin & Stainton, 1984), (vi) “flowers are 2.5 cm long, helmet shaped, bright, blue or greenish-blue with pale veins” (Prajapati et al., 2007), vii) “Sepals more or less greenish blue with purplish veins, rarely whitish, glabrous, upper sepals almost navicular, obliquely erect and lateral sepals are very oblique and broadly ovate with dark tips” (Nautial et al., 2009). Critical appraisal of these reports reveals that very little has been mentioned about its petals or their modification. This creates confusion especially when comparing it with other species of Aconitum L. Hence a need was felt to study its floral morphology discreetly. Flowers of this species were sourced from Rohtang area of district Kullu (2800 to 3000 m amsl), Himachal Pradesh, India.
Inverse-Designed Meta-Optics with Spectral-Spatial Engineered Response to Mimic Color Perception (2022)

Meta-optics have rapidly become a major research field within the optics and photonics community, strongly driven by the seemingly limitless opportunities made possible by controlling optical wavefronts through interaction with arrays of sub-wavelength scatterers. As more and more modalities are explored, the design strategies to achieve desired functionalities become increasingly demanding, necessitating more advanced design techniques. Herein, the inverse-design approach is utilized to create a set of single-layer meta-optics that simultaneously focus light and shape the spectra of focused light without using any filters. Thus, both spatial and spectral properties of the meta-optics are optimized, resulting in spectra that mimic the color matching functions of the CIE 1931 XYZ color space, which links the distributions of wavelengths in light and the color perception of a human eye. Experimental demonstrations of these meta-optics show qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions and help elucidate the focusing mechanism of these devices.
A 54-mW 8-Gbit/s VCSEL driver in a 65-nm CMOS technology (2014)

We report a VCSEL driver ASIC designed and fabricated in a commercial 65-nm CMOS process. At 8 Gbps, the eye diagram passes the eye mask test and the bit-error-rate is less than 10−12 at the 95% confidence level. The total power consumption (including VCSEL) is about 54 mW, less than 1/4 of our previous VCSEL driver ASIC in a silicon-on-sapphire CMOS technology. The VCSEL driver has been tested in a neutron beam with the maximum energy of 800 MeV and the cross section has been estimated to be less than 3.14 × 10−11 cm2.
Protein kinase cascades in meiotic and mitotic cell cycle control (1990)

Eukaryotic cell cycle progression during meiosis and mitosis is extensively regulated by reversible protein phosphorylation. Many cell surface receptors for mitogens are ligand-stimulated protein-tyrosine kinases that control the activation of a network of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein-serine (threonine) kinases. Over 30 plasma membrane associated protein-tyrosine kinases are encoded by proto-oncogenes, i.e., genes that have the potential to facilitate cancer when disregulated. Proteins such as ribosomal protein S6, microtubule-associated protein-2, myelin basic protein, and casein have been used to detect intracellular protein-serine (threonine) kinases that are activated further downstream in growth factor signalling transduction cascades. Genetic analysis of yeast cell division control (cdc) mutants has revealed another 20 or so protein-serine (threonine) kinases. One of these, specified by the cdc-2 gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has homologs that are stimulated during M phase in maturing sea star and frog oocytes and mammalian somatic cells. Furthermore, during meiotic maturation in these echinoderm and amphibian oocytes, this is followed by activation of many of the same protein-serine (threonine) kinases that are stimulated when quiescent mammalian somatic cells are prompted with mitogens to traverse from G0 to G1 phase. These findings imply that a similar protein kinase cascade may oversee progression at multiple points in the cell cycle.
LTFTL (2008)

Flash memory storage has been widely used in various embedded systems such as digital cameras, MP3 players, cellular phones, and DMB devices and now it applies to PCs as a form of SSDs. Characteristics of Flash memory necessitate a software layer called FTL (Flash Translation Layer) that directs modified data to new places in Flash memory and maintains a mapping between a logical sector number to a physical page. We notice that this out-of-place update scheme of the FTL allows a low-overhead time-shifting between multiple versions of storage state. From this observation, we propose LTFTL (Lightweight Time-shift FTL) that provides not only multiple versions of storage state but also an open-ended interface to traverse them. This open-ended interface can be used to support fault-resilience schemes, transactions of various granularities, and user-friendly roll-back services. Experimental results from a prototype implementation show that the proposed LTFTL can (1) provide a low-overhead time-shift capability at the user level by maintaining multiple storage states and (2) enhance the reliability/survivability of Flash memory by allowing to roll back to a previous consistent storage state at the storage system level.
Synthetic spatial coherence function for optical tomography and profilometry: influence of the observation condition (2004)

We address the basic issue of the observation condition in a synthetic coherence function applied to optical tomography and profilometry, which has not been made clear in previous papers. We present a more general theory for interference fringe formation for spatial coherence control with a synthetic source. The generalized theory predicts the existence of the observation condition that can make the measurement insensitive to the tilt of the object, which will open the new possibility of measuring objects with rough surfaces. We present experimental results that quantitatively verify the validity of the principle and the prediction.
Combination blockade of KLRG1 and PD-1 promotes immune control of local and disseminated cancers (2021)

Checkpoint blockade therapy is effective against many cancers; however, new targets need to be identified to treat patients who do not respond to current treatment or demonstrate immune escape. Here, we showed that blocking the inhibitory receptor Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) enhances anti-tumor immunity mediated by NK cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. We found that loss of KLRG1 signaling alone significantly decreased melanoma and breast cancer tumor growth in the lungs of mice. In addition, we demonstrated that KLRG1 blockade can synergize with PD-1 checkpoint therapy to increase the therapeutic efficacy compared to either treatment alone. This effect was even observed with tumors that do not respond to PD-1 checkpoint therapy. Double blockade therapy led to significantly decreased tumor size, increased frequency and activation of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and increased NK cell frequency and maturation in the tumor microenvironment. These findings demonstrate that KLRG1 is a novel checkpoint inhibitor target that affects NK and T cell anti-tumor immunity, both alone and in conjunction with established immunotherapies.
QUANTITATIVE DYNAMIC HIDA STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF PEDIATRIC LIVER TRANSPLANT FUNCTION: METHODS AND RESULTS. (1988)

Hall, Theodore R.; Hawkins, Randall A.; Gambhir, Sanjiv S.; Huang, Sung-cheng; Kangarloo, Hooshang; Phelps, Michael E.; Busuttil, Ronald W. Author Information
Dynamic Adaptation of Temporal Event Correlation for QoS Management in Distributed Systems (2006)

Temporal event correlation is essential to managing quality of service in distributed systems, especially correlating events from multiple components to detect problems with availability, performance, and denial of service attacks. Two challenges in temporal event correlation are: (1) handling lost events and (2) dealing with inaccurate clocks. We show that both challenges are related to event propagation delays that result from contention for network and server resources. We develop an approach to adjusting the timer values of event correlation rules based on propagation delays in order to reduce missed alarms and false alarms. Our approach has three parts: an infrastructure for real-time measurement of propagation delay, a statistical approach to estimating propagation delays, and a controller that uses estimates of propagation delays to update timer values in temporal rules. Our approach eliminates the need for manual adjustments of timer values. Further, studies of a prototype implementation suggest that our approach produces results that are at least as good as an optimal fixed adjustment in timer values
Supplementary Table 1 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinical information of samples involved in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Direct evidence for a polygenic etiology in familial multiple myeloma (2017)

Although common risk alleles for multiple myeloma (MM) were recently identified, their contribution to familial MM is unknown. Analyzing 38 familial cases identified primarily by linking Swedish nationwide registries, we demonstrate an enrichment of common MM risk alleles in familial compared with 1530 sporadic cases (<i>P</i> = 4.8 × 10<sup>-2</sup> and 6.0 × 10<sup>-2</sup>, respectively, for 2 different polygenic risk scores) and 10 171 population-based controls (<i>P</i> = 1.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and 1.3 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, respectively). Using mixture modeling, we estimate that about one-third of familial cases result from such enrichments. Our results provide the first direct evidence for a polygenic etiology in a familial hematologic malignancy.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Drying: The Key to Better Quality Porous Semiconductors (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Web Caching, Consistency, and Content Distribution (2004)

1 Web Caching, Consistency, and Content Distribution 1 Arun Iyengar, Erich Nahum, Anees Shaikh, Renu Tewari IBM Research 1.
Zero-shot Multi-Domain Dialog State Tracking Using Descriptive Rules (2020)

In this work, we present a framework for incorporating descriptive logical rules in state-of-the-art neural networks, enabling them to learn how to handle unseen labels without the introduction of any new training data. The rules are integrated into existing networks without modifying their architecture, through an additional term in the network’s loss function that penalizes states of the network that do not obey the designed rules.As a case of study, the framework is applied to an existing neuralbased Dialog State Tracker. Our experiments demonstrate that the inclusion of logical rules allows the prediction of unseen labels, without deteriorating the predictive capacity of the original system.
The spliceosome, a potential Achilles heel of MYC-driven tumors (2015)

Alterations in RNA splicing are frequent in human tumors. Two recent studies of lymphoma and breast cancer have identified components of the spliceosome - the core splicing machinery - that are essential for malignant transformation driven by the transcription factor MYC. These findings provide a direct link between MYC and RNA splicing deregulation, and raise the exciting possibility of targeting spliceosome components in MYC-driven tumors.
Photolithography of Thick Photoresist Coating in Anisotropically Etched V-grooves for Electrically Controlled Liquid Crystal Photonic Bandgap Fiber Devices (2009)

Thick photoresist coating for electrode patterning in anisotropically etched v-grooves is investigated. The photoresist coverage is compared with and without soft baking. Two-step exposure is applied for a complete exposure and minimizing the resolution loss.
Clinical Results of DVR Volar Locking Plate Fixation for Treatment of Fractures of Distal Radius with Double-tiered Subchondral Support Procedure (2012)

【目的】橈骨遠位端骨折に対しDePuy社製DVR® Anatomic Volar Plate System（DVR）を用いたDouble-tiered Subchondral Support（DSS）法による治療を検討すること．【対象】DVRにて治療した橈骨遠位端骨折10手（平均年齢67.6歳）．AO分類A3.3: 4手，C3.1: 5手，C3.2: 1手で8手に尺骨骨折の合併を認めた．【方法】可動域，握力などの臨床評価と術直後から最終経過観察時の単純X線写真上の矯正損失を評価した．【結果】最終経過観察時，関節可動域や握力など臨床評価は良好でX線学的評価でも矯正損失はごく軽度認めるのみであった．【考察】このプレートはOrbayが提唱する‘Watershed Line’を越えない様にデザインされている．また遠位1列目から掌側の，2列目から背側の関節軟骨下骨を支持固定するDSS法を使用できることも特徴で，今回の結果からも矯正損失を認めず，橈骨遠位端骨折に対して良好な固定材料となり得ると考える．
A study of deblocking reaction of chemically amplified positive DUV resists (1997)

Deblocking reaction mechanisms and lithographic performance in chemically amplified positive KrF resist were investigated by analyzing acid concentration and blocking level. The resists consist of tetrahydropyranyl (THP) or tert-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) blocked polystyrene as the base resin and 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid derivative as a photoacid generator (PAG). The deblocking reaction mechanisms and activation energy of the deblocking reaction were evaluated from Arrhenius plots of the deblocking reaction rate constant k d . It was found that the deblocking reaction is ruled by two rate-determining steps; it is reaction-controlled in the low-temperature region and acid-diffusion-controlled in the high-temperature region. The activation energy of THP blocked resists (THP resists) in the low-temperature region was lower than that of the t-BOC blocked resists (t-BOC resists). The THP groups were deblocked even at room temperature. Then the THP resist was hardly affected by air contamination. This is one of the reasons why the THP resist had good PED stability. Moreover, the linewidth difference between the isolated line and the dense line (iso-dense bias) of the THP resist was much larger than that of the t-BOC resist. It was concluded that the resist with a high deblocking reaction rate at room temperature had a clear advantage for PED stability, and that the activation energy of the deblocking reaction should be high at PEB (post-exposure bake) temperature to reduce iso-dense bias.
Structure-based design of oxygen-linked macrocyclic kinase inhibitors: discovery of SB1518 and SB1578, potent inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) Anders PoulsenAnthony WilliamStephanie BlanchardAngeline Lee • (2012)

Macrocycles from our Aurora project were screened in a kinase panel and were found to be active on other kinase targets, mainly JAKs, FLT3 and CDKs. Sub- sequently these compounds became leads in our JAK2 project. Macrocycles with a basic nitrogen in the linker form a salt bridge with Asp86 in CDK2 and Asp698 in FLT3. This residue is conserved in most CDKs resulting in potent pan CDK inhibition. One of the main project objectives was to achieve JAK2 potency with 100-fold selectivity against CDKs. Macrocycles with an ether linker have potent JAK2 activity with the ether oxygen forming a hydrogen bond to Ser936. A hydrogen bond to the equiv- alent residues of JAK3 and most CDKs cannot be formed resulting in good selectivity for JAK2 over JAK3 and CDKs. Further optimization of the macrocyclic linker and side chain increased JAK2 and FLT3 activity as well as improving DMPK properties. The selective JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor 11 (Pacritinib, SB1518) has successfully finished phase 2 clinical trials for myelofibrosis and lymphoma. Another selective JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor, 33 (SB1578), has entered phase 1 clinical development for the non-oncology indication rheumatoid arthritis.
Low-power maximum power point tracker with digital control for thermophotovoltaic generators (2010)

This paper describes the design, optimization, and evaluation of the power electronics circuitry for a low-power portable thermophotovotaic (TPV) generator system. TPV system is based on a silicon micro-reactor design and low-bandgap photovoltaic (PV) diodes. We outline critical system-level challenges associated with TPV power generation, and propose a power electronics architecture that addresses these challenges. We present experimental data from a compact, highly efficient peak power tracker and show how the proposed architecture enables increased energy extraction compared to conventional methods. The operation of the power tracker is verified with low-bandgap PV cells illuminated by a quartz halogen lamp producing a PV diode output power of 0.5 W, and above 99% tracking efficiency is demonstrated. Additionally, the complete system operation is verified with the power tracker connected to GaInAsSb PV diodes and a silicon micro-reactor, producing 150 mW of electrical power.
Prospective validation of a transcriptomic severity classifier among patients with suspected acute infection and sepsis in the emergency department (2022)

The IMX-SEV-2 classifier showed a superior prediction of in-hospital mortality compared to biomarkers and clinical scores among ED patients with suspected infections. No improvement for predicting multiorgan failure was found compared to established scores or biomarkers. Identifying patients with a high risk of mortality or multiorgan failure may improve patient outcomes, resource utilization and guide therapy decision-making.
Periodontal tissue regeneration by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 in periodontally-induced furcation defects of the primate Papio ursinus : research article (2002)

Bone-derived bone morphogenetic/osteogenic proteins (BMPs/OPs) 
regenerate alveolar bone and cementum in surgically created 
furcation defects in the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus). Recent 
studies showed the induction of cementogenesis by relatively low 
doses of human recombinant osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1), 
suggesting that BMPs/OPs might possess a structure/activity 
profile that controls tissue morphogenesis and regeneration. More 
challenging is the demonstration of cementogenesis and bone 
regeneration in periodontally induced furcation defects with root 
surfaces exposed for a relatively long time to periodontal pathogens. 
Baboons experience naturally occurring site-specific gingivitis but 
periodontitis, as defined by loss of periodontal attachment, has not 
been found in any of twenty animals in our colony. A pathogenic 
human strain of Porphyromonas gingivalisl/Ig was inoculated into the 
furcation areas of the 1st and 2nd mandibular molars of four adult 
baboons twice a month for twelve months; follow-up examinations 
included sulcular probing depths and microbiological analyses of 
subgingival plaque. Chronic periodontitis was induced in all four 
animals as assessed by probing periodontal pocket depths, 
intra-oral radiographs, and microbiological analyses that confirmed 
the presence of P. gingivalis. Two months after scaling, root 
planing and a plaque control regimen with clinical resolution of gingivitis, 
mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated to expose class II 
furcation defects of the affected molars filled with copious granulation 
tissue. After root planing and debridement, 12 furcation defects 
were implanted with 0.5 or 2.5 mg of <SPAN lang=AF 
style=FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol><SPAN 
style=mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font: Symbol>g -irradiated hOP-1 per 1 g of 
xenogenic bovine insoluble collagenous bone matrix as carrier. Serial 
undecalcified sections prepared six months after surgery 
showed regeneration of alveolar bone and induction of cementogenesis 
with Sharpey's fibres uniting the regenerated bone to the 
newly induced cementum with both doses of hOP-1. These results 
indicate an additional specific use of hOP-1 for tissue morphogenesis 
in clinical contexts.