gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive and systematic design of metal/high- k gate stack for high-performance and highly reliable SiC power MOSFET (2019)

Abstract Aluminum-based high-permittivity (high- k ) gate dielectrics and suitable metal electrodes were systematically designed for advanced SiC power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Although electron injection into alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) was significantly suppressed by nitrogen incorporation (aluminum oxynitride: AlON), gate leakage current under negative gate bias and hole trapping into the dielectrics were observed. Adding hafnium into the AlON (HfAlON) was investigated to overcome these drawbacks, and an atomic layer deposition-based method for HfAlON was developed in terms of permittivity, energy bandgap, and hole conduction under negative stressing conditions. Consequently, the reliability of metal/high- k gate stacks under both positive and negative bias temperature stresses was improved by using an optimized HfAlON gate dielectric in combination with a high work-function TiN gate electrode. Thanks to the higher permittivity of HfAlON, peak transconductance was successfully enhanced up to 3.4 times with an acceptable reliability margin in the state-of-the-art trench SiC MOSFETs by implementing a TiN/HfAlON gate stack.
Decentralized data selection for MAP estimation: A censoring and quantization approach (2011)

A distributed data selection technique for fusion center (FC)-based estimation with a wireless sensor network (WSN) is presented. The data selection is envisioned for a large WSN in which only a subset of measurements need be transmitted to the FC thereby saving on transmission power. Furthermore, quantization of the selected measurements leading to bandwidth savings is also addressed. A novel data selection method using measurement censoring is followed by maximum a posteriori estimation that optimally fuses information from the censored-data model. Censoring and estimation algorithms that are amenable to implementation with WSNs are developed. Bayesian Cramer-Rao bound analysis and numerical simulations show that the proposed censoring-based estimator and quantized-censored estimator have competitive (or even superior) mean-square error performance when compared to data selection alternatives under a range of sensing conditions.
Emotional impact on the results of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic test: an observational retrospective study (2017)

The psycho-emotional screening of women undertaking genetic counseling is relevant and should cover a large range of dimensions.
SERIAL PASSAGE OF TRICHOPLUSIA NI SINGLE EMBEDDED BACULOVIRUS IN HOMOLOGOUS CELL LINE* (2000)

Abstract Trichoplusia ni single embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (TnSNPV) is highly pathogenic for cell line but there were some problems with producing a few polyhedra and decrease of efficiency during serial passages. Sixty serial passages of TnSNPV were conducted in Tn 5B1–4 cell. Replication of the viral DNA and comparison of the viral character between the wild virus and clones from serial passages were performed. The TnSNPV DNA molecular weight, 115.8 kbp, was estimated by restriction enzyme analysis. Replication of the viral DNA which was analyzed by slot blot hybridization started at 8 h postinfection (p.i) and the DNA increased fast after 28 h p. i. The DNA synthesis reached a maximal number at 40 h p. i. The result from serial passage of the virus demanstrated that the relative BV titer was maitained at approximately 5 log TCIDSO/mL. The polyhedra of viral clones from early passages were almost normal but the majority of clones from late passages produced polyhedra without virions by examination with electron microscopy. Although there were some alterations with viral DNA from different clones, yet all of clones were from a homologous genome of wild virus by examination of restriction enzyme analysis and DNA:DNA hybridization.
Wavelet-Based Visual Analysis for Data Exploration (2017)

The conventional wavelet transform is widely used in image and signal processing, where a signal is decomposed into a combination of known signals. By analyzing the individual contributions, the behavior of the original signal can be inferred. In this article, the authors present an introductory overview of the extension of this theory into graphs domains. They review the graph Fourier transform and graph wavelet transforms that are based on dictionaries of graph spectral filters, namely, spectral graph wavelet transforms. Then, the main features of the graph wavelet transforms are presented using real and synthetic data.
Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Pancreas (2014)

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas is a highly aggressive neoplasm, with frequent metastases and poor survival. Most patients die within less than a year. Most (61%) are large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Well-differentiated NET and acinar cell carcinoma are often misdiagnosed as poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, emphasizing that diagnostic criteria need to be clearly followed to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Performance evaluation of a staggered three-layer DOI PET detector using a 1 mm LYSO pitch with PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC: comparison of HAMAMATSU and KETEK SiPMs (2021)

In this study, we propose a staggered three-layer depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector with a 1 mm crystal pitch and 19.8 mm total crystal thickness for a high-resolution and high-sensitivity small animal in-beam PET scanner. A three-layered stacked LYSO scintillation array (0.9 × 0.9 × 6.6 mm<sup>3</sup>crystals, 23 × 22 mm<sup>2</sup>surface area) read out by a SiPM array (8 × 8 channels, 3 × 3 mm<sup>2</sup>active area/channel and 50<i>μ</i>m microcell size) with data acquisition, signal processing and digitization performed using the PETsys Electronics Evaluations kit (based on the TOFPET v2c ASIC) builds a DOI LYSO detector block. The performance of the DOI detector was evaluated in terms of crystal resolvability, energy resolution, and coincidence resolving time (CRT). A comparative performance evaluation of the staggered three-layer LYSO block was conducted with two different SiPM arrays from KETEK and HAMAMATSU. 100% (KETEK) and 99.8% (HAMAMATSU) of the crystals were identified, by using a flood irradiation the front- and back-side. The average energy resolutions for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd layers were 16.5 (±2.3)%, 20.9(±4.0)%, and 32.7 (±21.0)% (KETEK) and 19.3 (±3.5)%, 21.2 (±4.1)%, and 26.6 (±10.3)% (HAMAMATSU) for the used SiPM arrays. The measured CRTs (FWHM) for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd layers were 532 (±111) ps, 463 (±108) ps, and 447 (±111) ps (KETEK) and 402 (±46) ps, 392 (±54) ps, and 408 (±196) ps (HAMAMATSU). In conclusion, the performance of the staggered three-layer DOI detector with 1 mm LYSO pitch and 19.8 mm total crystal thickness was fully characterized. The feasibility of a highly performing readout of a high resolution DOI PET detector via SiPM arrays from KETEK and HAMAMATSU employing the PETsys TOFPET v2c ASIC could be demonstrated.
Managing Losses with Controlled Mud Level Drilling (2018)

Abstract Since 2016, Lundin Norway has used Enhanced Drilling's EC-Drill System to enable Controlled Mud Level (CML) drilling in the Barents Sea. The CML process allows control of the mud level in the riser in order to mitigate and manage losses while drilling, coring, tripping, cementing casing/liner, wireline operations, and well abandonment operations. With a sub-sea pump module (SPM) docked to a modified riser joint, pressure sensors on the riser and mud return line connected to the top-side, the EC-Drill equipment was able to precisely control the fluid level in the riser and manage the bottom hole pressure while drilling through potential loss zones in naturally fractured and potentially karstified carbonate formations. This paper discusses the CML system used during the project, as well as the drilling, tripping, and cementing strategy, examples of how the system was used to reduce wellbore ballooning, reduce losses during drilling, cementing and well abandonment, and several key lessons learned over the the past seven exploration and appraisal well operations. The ability to raise and lower the riser level to manage the loss rate allowed the CML process to be used during drilling / coring operations, cementing of 7" liners and 9 5/8" casing, as well as wireline operations and well abandonment. Once the SPM and modified riser joint were deployed with the marine drilling riser and SS BOP, the system is ready for use. This allowed using the CML process in hole sections as large as 17 ½" with minimal modification of conventional drilling practices, or sacrificing ROP due to restricted flow rates. The accuracy of the riser pressure sensors on the modified riser joint allowed the system to be used while tripping to reduce surge pressures while running in hole. The system also added value during cement jobs by managing the wellbore pressure profile and return flow throughout the cement circulation and displacement. During plug and abandonment operations critical path time and cost have been reduced by managing losses to an acceptable rate during casing retrieval. The CML process has become an integral part of the operation from start to finish for Barents Sea operations for Lundin.
Atomic Scale Analyses of Planar Defects in Cross-section Nanorods of K+ Stabilized a-MnO2 (2018)

Manganese oxides with tunnel structures have attracted wide attentions because of their potential applications in rechargeable batteries, ionic exchange, molecular absorption and catalysis. For utilizations as electrode in batteries, knowledge on how the tunneled structures in one-dimensional (1D) nanorods facilitate ionic transport will lead to a better understanding of the structure-property relationship. Manganese oxides can form various kinds of tunnel structures Figs. In most cases, these tunnels are partially occupied by different cations (e.g. K + , Ag + , Ba 2+ ) and water molecules. To simplify the analyses, here, the atomic occupations within tunnels are not included in these schematics. For 11 and 21 tunnel structures (Figs. The K + stabilized -MnO2 possess the 22 structure. Recently, it was found that many planar defects exist in K + stabilized -MnO2 [2]. However, the detailed atomic configurations associated with these planar defects are unknown. In this presentation, we report detailed characterizations on these planar defects.
A Crystalline 2,3-exo-Disyndiotactic Dicyclopentadiene Tetramer (2014)

Cycloolefin oligomers and polymers have attracted attention for functional materials, but they are rarely seen in the crystalline state. A new crystalline cycloolefin dicyclopentadiene tetramer, having a 2,3-exo-disyndiotactic structure, is presented. By combining global optimization techniques based on configurational sampling in generalized statistical ensembles, with very high quality synchrotron X-ray diffraction data, the molecular mass of the crystallizing oligomer was first singled out, and its structure was then determined with a high degree of accuracy. The original procedures and methods developed for this particular case can be considered a suitable reference to tackle the difficult characterization problems posed by the crystalline powders of organic materials in general.
A 24-29.5 GHz Voltage-Combined Doherty Power Amplifier Based on Compact Low-Loss Combiner (2021)

In this brief, a 24-29.5 GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) voltage-combined Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on compact low-loss combiner is proposed for the fifth-generation (5G) applications. By maximizing the use of parasitic parameters in the circuit, a compact low-loss combiner is proposed to achieve the required impedance transformation with only one additional series capacitor. A detailed design procedure is also introduced in the brief. Based on the proposed combiner, a fully integrated Doherty PA is implemented in 0.13- μm SiGe BiCMOS process with a core area of only 0.29 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The DPA achieves a 27% -3-dB small-signal gain fractional bandwidth and a 15.9 dB small signal gain at the center frequency of 27 GHz. The -1-dB Psat bandwidth covers 24-29.5 GHz (20% fractional bandwidth), and the maximum output power is 20.8 dBm ± 0.4 dB. From 24 to 29.5 GHz, the designed DPA provides 23.2% to 28.4% power-added efficiency (PAE) at saturated output power, and 18.3% to 21.9% PAE at 6 dB of output power back-off (OPBO).
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Demonstrate Significant Preclinical Activity as Single Agents, and in Combination with Bortezomib in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 4785 Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by bone marrow infiltration of CD19+ cells and production of a monoclonal IgM protein. Despite advances in treatment, WM remains incurable. As part of these efforts we sought to define the role of HDAC-inhibitors in WM. Gene expression profiling of bone marrow CD19+ cells from 30 WM patients and 10 healthy donors showed over-expression of HDAC4, HDAC9, and Sirt5 in WM patients. Evaluation of the HDAC inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA or Vorinostat), Trichostatin A (TSA), LBH-589 (Panobinostat), and sirtinol demonstrated dose dependent killing of BCWM.1 cells with IC50 of 3.5 uM, 70 nM, 0.8 uM, and 30 uM, respectively, whilst the combination of these agents with bortezomib resulted in at least additive tumor cell killing. TSA is more potent than bortezomib in inducing apoptosis in primary WM tumor cells in patients with prior treatment. TSA and bortezomib showed synergistic effect in 25% of the patients samples tested. We also observed that TSA and bortezomib-induced apoptosis of BCWM.1 cells depended on the activation of a similar set of caspases. Conversely, changes in cell cycle regulators were distinctly different between TSA and bortezomib treated BCWM.1 cells. The results of these studies demonstrate over-expression of distinct members of HDAC in WM cells, and provide a framework for the examination of HDAC-inhibitors as monotherapy, as well as combination therapy with bortezomib in the treatment of WM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Reaction mechanisms for atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide on semiconductor substrates (2011)

In this work, we have studied the TMA/H2O (TMA = Al(CH3)3) atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 on hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) terminated semiconductor substrates. Total reflection x-ray fluorescence reveals a complex growth-per-cycle evolution during the early ALD reaction cycles. OH and SH terminated surfaces demonstrate growth inhibition from the second reaction cycle on. Theoretical calculations, based on density functional theory, are performed on cluster models to investigate the first TMA/H2O reaction cycle. Based on the theoretical results, we discuss possible mechanisms for the growth inhibition from the second reaction cycle on. In addition, our calculations show that AlCH3 groups are hydrolyzed by a H2O molecule adsorbed on a neighboring Al atom, independent of the type of backbonds (Si-O, Ge-O, or Ge-S) of AlCH3. The coordination of Al remains four-fold after the first TMA/H2O reaction cycle.
Simplified nonplanar wafer bonding for heterogeneous device integration (2004)

We demonstrate a simplified nonplanar wafer bonding technique for heterogeneous device integration. The improved technique can be used to laterally integrate dissimilar semiconductor device structures on a lattice-mismatched substrate. Using the technique, two different InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser active regions have been integrated onto GaAs without compromising the quality of the photoluminescence. Experimental and numerical simulation results are presented.
High-speed modulation of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (1998)

This report summarizes work on the development of high-speed vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for multi-gigabit per second optical data communications applications (LDRD case number 3506.010). The program resulted in VCSELs that operate with an electrical bandwidth of 20 GHz along with a simultaneous conversion efficiency (DC to light) of about 20%. To achieve the large electrical bandwidth, conventional VCSELs were appropriately modified to reduce electrical parasitics and adapted for microwave probing for high-speed operation.
Development of Micro-structured Sn-2Ag-0.1Al Solder with Highly THermal Fatigue Durability (2004)

Addition of small amount of Al suppressed super cooling of Sn-Ag solders completely under normal cooling rates and the Sn-2Ag-0.1Al solder has a fine structure with an average grain sizes less than 10 micron-meter. Stress-strain measurements showed that the Sn-2Ag-0.1Al solder have fracture strain and toughness superior than the conventional Sn-Ag solders and wetting of the Sn-2Ag-0.1Al solder was moderate. Thermal cycling test was carried for the Cu / ceramic module with a 200 micro meter Sn-2Ag-0.1Al solder sheet between 233 and 398K. Dor comparison purpose conventional solders as Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu were also tested under the same thermal cycling condition. It was found that the Sn-2Ag-0.1Al solder was still sound after the 300 T.C. in contrast to results for Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu failed completely after the 150 T.C.. The crack formed in the module with a Sn-2Ag-0.1Al solder propagated within the solder, but it was passed through the solder / Cu substrate interface for the module with a Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu. Micro-structuring process of the solder with Al addition could be discussed.
Modern 3D Surgical Planning and Procedures in Skull Base Surgery: Rapid Prototyping, Navigation, and Piezosurgery (2005)

Introduction: Skull base surgery is a highly complex topic because of the delicate anatomical and functional structures in this region. Simplification of procedures and better predictability in the process of this surgery are highly desirable aims in the interdisciplinary treatment of the skull base, concerning, for example, tumor resection and immediate reconstruction. In order to maintain the best quality of life after surgery at the skull base, the advance efforts are made to optimize this procedures.
Fast algorithms for L<inf>&#x221E;</inf> problems in multiview geometry (2008)

Many problems in multi-view geometry, when posed as minimization of the maximum reprojection error across observations, can be solved optimally in polynomial time. We show that these problems are instances of a convex-concave generalized fractional program. We survey the major solution methods for solving problems of this form and present them in a unified framework centered around a single parametric optimization problem. We propose two new algorithms and show that the algorithm proposed by Olsson et al. [21] is a special case of a classical algorithm for generalized fractional programming. The performance of all the algorithms is compared on a variety of datasets, and the algorithm proposed by Gugat [12] stands out as a clear winner. An open source MATLAB toolbox that implements all the algorithms presented here is made available.
Very high efficiency phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices by using rough indium tin oxide (2014)

The efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is shown to significantly depend on the roughness of the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. By using rougher ITO, light trapped in the ITO/organic wave-guided mode can be efficiently extracted, and a light outcoupling enhancement as high as 40% is achieved. Moreover, contrary to expectations, the lifetime of OLEDs is not affected by ITO roughness. Finally, an OLED employing rough ITO anode that exhibits a current efficiency of 56 cd/A at the remarkably high brightness of 105 cd/m2 is obtained. This represents the highest current efficiency at such high brightness to date for an OLED utilizing an ITO anode, without any external light outcoupling techniques. The results demonstrate the significant efficiency benefits of using ITO with higher roughness in OLEDs.
Molecular polypyridine-based metal complexes as catalysts for the reduction of CO2 (2017)

Polypyridyl transition metal complexes represent one of the more thoroughly studied classes of molecular catalysts towards CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to date. Initial reports in the 1980s began with an emphasis on 2nd and 3rd row late transition metals, but more recently the focus has shifted towards earlier metals and base metals. Polypyridyl platforms have proven quite versatile and amenable to studying various parameters that govern product distribution for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. However, open questions remain regarding the key mechanistic steps that govern product selectivity and efficiency. Polypyridyl complexes have also been immobilized through a variety of methods to afford active catalytic materials for CO<sub>2</sub> reductions. While still an emerging field, materials incorporating molecular catalysts represent a promising strategy for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical devices capable of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. In general, this class of compounds remains the most promising for the continued development of molecular systems for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and an inspiration for the design of related non-polypyridyl catalysts.
Wrapped Into Sound: Development of the Immersive Audio Quality Inventory (IAQI) (2021)

Abstract Although virtual reality, video entertainment, and computer games are dependent on the three-dimensional reproduction of sound (including front, rear, and height channels), it remains unclear whether 3D-audio formats actually intensify the emotional listening experience. There is currently no valid inventory for the objective measurement of immersive listening experiences resulting from audio playback formats with decreasing degrees of immersion (from mono to stereo, 5.1, and 3D). The development of the Immersive Audio Quality Inventory (IAQI) could close this gap. An initial item list ( N = 25) was derived from studies in virtual reality and spatial audio, supplemented by researcher-developed items and items extracted from historical descriptions. Psychometric evaluation was conducted by an online study ( N = 222 valid cases). Based on controlled headphone playback, participants listened to four songs/pieces, each in the three formats of mono, stereo, and binaural 3D audio. The latent construct “immersive listening experience” was determined by probabilistic test theory (item response theory, IRT) and by means of the many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM). As a result, the specified MFRM model showed good model fit (62.69% of explained variance). The final one-dimensional inventory consists of 10 items and will be made available in English and German.
A patient‐derived explant (PDE) model of hormone‐dependent cancer (2018)

Breast and prostate cancer research to date has largely been predicated on the use of cell lines in vitro or in vivo. These limitations have led to the development of more clinically relevant models, such as organoids or murine xenografts that utilize patient-derived material; however, issues related to low take rate, long duration of establishment, and the associated costs constrain use of these models. This study demonstrates that ex vivo culture of freshly resected breast and prostate tumor specimens obtained from surgery, termed patient-derived explants (PDEs), provides a high-throughput and cost-effective model that retains the native tissue architecture, microenvironment, cell viability, and key oncogenic drivers. The PDE model provides a unique approach for direct evaluation of drug responses on an individual patient's tumor, which is amenable to analysis using contemporary genomic technologies. The ability to rapidly evaluate drug efficacy in patient-derived material has high potential to facilitate implementation of personalized medicine approaches.