gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Frequency Analysis for Removing Rain and Snow from Videos (2007)

Capturing good videos outdoors can be challenging due to harsh lighting, unpredictable scene changes, and most relevant to this work, dynamic weather. Particulate weather, such as rain and snow, creates complex flickering effects that are irritating to people and confusing to vision algo-rithms. Although each raindrop or snowflake only affects a small number of pixels, collections of them have predictable global spatio-temporal properties. In this paper, we for-mulate a model of these global dynamic weather frequen-cies. To begin, we derive a physical model of raindrops and snowflakes that is used to determine the general shape and brightness of a single streak. This streak model is combined with the statistical properties of rain and snow, to determine how they effect the spatio-temporal frequencies of an image sequence. Once detected, these frequencies can then be sup-pressed. At a small scale, many things appear the same as rain and snow, but by treating them as global phenomena, we achieve better performance than with just a local anal-ysis. We show the effectiveness of removal on a variety of complex video sequences. 1.
Effect of green tea catechins in prostate cancer chemoprevention. (2015)

1572 Background: Preclinical, epidemiological and prior clinical trial data suggest that green tea catechins may reduce prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Methods: We, therefore, conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of one year of Polyphenon E (PolyE), a proprietary mixture of green tea catechins containing 400 mgs of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) per day, in 97 men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) or atypical small acinar proliferstion (ASAP) on prostate biopsy. The primary study endpoint was the total number of PCa diagnoses on the PolyE versus placebo arm at one year. Results: No differences in prostate cancer rates were observed in the two groups (4/49 PolyE vs 6/48 placebo, P = 0.25). A prespecified analysis comparing the combined rates of PCa + ASAP in the subgroup of men with HGPIN-only at baseline, showed a decrease in this composite endpoint (3/26 PolyE vs 10/25 placebo, P < 0.024). This was largely driven by a reduction in ASAP (0/26 PolyE vs 5/25 placebo). In another prespecified analysis, a decrease in serum PSA was observed the PolyE arm.(-0.90 ng/mL; 95% CI:-1.67, -0.12; P < 0.05). Adverse events related to the study agent did not significantly differ between the two study groups. Conclusions: Daily intake of a standardized, decaffeinated catechin mixture containing 400 mgs EGCG per day for 1 year accumulated in plasma and was well tolerated, but did not reduce the likelihood of a subsequent PCa diagnosis in men with baseline HGPIN or ASAP over this period of time. Clinical trial information: NCT00596011.
An entropic barriers diffusion theory of decision-making in multiple alternative tasks (2018)

We present a theory of decision-making in the presence of multiple choices that departs from traditional approaches by explicitly incorporating entropic barriers in a stochastic search process. We analyze response time data from an on-line repository of 15 million blitz chess games, and show that our model fits not just the mean and variance, but the entire response time distribution (over several response-time orders of magnitude) at every stage of the game. We apply the model to show that (a) higher cognitive expertise corresponds to the exploration of more complex solution spaces, and (b) reaction times of users at an on-line buying website can be similarly explained. Our model can be seen as a synergy between diffusion models used to model simple two-choice decision-making and planning agents in complex problem solving.
Aromatic Residues in the C-terminal Domain 2 Are Required for Nanog to Mediate LIF-independent Self-renewal of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2007)

Nanog was identified by its ability to sustain the LIF-independent self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and has recently been shown to play a role in reprogramming adult fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells. However, little is known about the structural basis of these remarkable activities of Nanog. We have previously identified an unusually strong transactivator named CD2 at its C terminus. Here we demonstrate that CD2 is required for Nanog to mediate ES cell self-renewal. Furthermore, deletion and point mutation analysis revealed that CD2 relies on at least seven aromatic amino acid residues to generate its potent transactivating activity. A mutant Nanog bearing alanine substitutions for these seven residues fails to confer LIF-independent self-renewal in mouse ES cells. Substitution of CD2 by the viral transactivator VP16 gave rise to Nanog-VP16, which is 10 times more active than wild-type Nanog in ES cells. Surprisingly, the expression of Nanog-VP16 in mouse ES cells induces differentiation and is thus unable to sustain LIF-independent self-renewal for mouse ES cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CD2 domain of Nanog is a unique transactivator that utilizes aromatic residues to confer specific activity absolutely required for ES self-renewal.
Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-related hospitalization during a season with mixed outbreaks of four influenza viruses: a test-negative case-control study in adults in Canada (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01517191. Registration was retrospective and the date of registration was January 17, 2012.
Neural Network-Based OFDM Receiver for Resource Constrained IoT Devices (2022)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based waveforms are used for communication links in many current and emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications, including the latest WiFi standards. For such OFDM-based transceivers, many core physical layer functions related to channel estimation, demapping, and decoding are implemented for specific choices of channel types and modulation schemes, among others. To decouple hard-wired choices from the receiver chain and thereby enhance the flexibility of IoT deployment in many novel scenarios without changing the underlying hardware, we explore a novel, modular Machine Learning (ML)-based receiver chain design. Here, ML blocks replace the individual processing blocks of an OFDM receiver, and we specifically describe this swapping for the legacy channel estimation, symbol demapping, and decoding blocks with Neural Networks (NNs). A unique aspect of this modular design is providing flexible allocation of processing functions to the legacy or ML blocks, allowing them to interchangeably coexist. Furthermore, we study the implementation cost-benefits of the proposed NNs in resource-constrained IoT devices through pruning and quantization, as well as emulation of these compressed NNs within Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Our evaluations demonstrate that the proposed modular NN-based receiver improves bit error rate of the traditional non-ML receiver by averagely 61 percent and 10 percent for the simulated and over-the-air datasets, respectively. We further show complexity-performance tradeoffs by presenting computational complexity comparisons between the traditional algorithms and the proposed compressed NNs.
Codon usage patterns in Nematoda: analysis based on over 25 million codons in thirty-two species (2006)

Evolutionary models indicate that total genomic GC content, probably the product of directional mutation pressure, drives codon usage rather than the converse, a conclusion that is supported by examination of nematode genomes.
Metal displacement and stoichiometry of protein‐metal complexes under native conditions using capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (2010)

Increases in the study of protein-metal complexes, as well as in metal displacement in protein-metal complexes under native conditions for optimum catalytic properties in drug research and catalyst design, demands a separation/detection technology that can accurately measure metal displacement and stoichiometry in protein-metal complexes. Both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction techniques have been used for this purpose; however, these techniques lack sensitivity. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using direct infusion offers higher sensitivity than the former techniques and provides molecular distribution of various protein-metal complexes. However, since protein-metal complexes under native conditions usually are dissolved in salt solutions, their direct ESI-MS analysis requires off-line sample clean-up prior to MS analysis to avoid sample suppression during ESI. Moreover, direct infusion of the salty solution promotes non-specific salt adduct formation by the protein-metal complexes under ESI-MS, which complicates the identification and stoichiometry measurements of the protein-metal complexes. Because of the high mass of protein-metal complexes and lack of sufficient resolution by most mass spectrometers to separate non-specific from specific metal-protein complexes, accurate protein-metal stoichiometry measurements require some form of sample clean up prior to ESI-MS analysis. In this study, we demonstrate that capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization in conjunction with a medium-resolution (approximately 10,000) mass spectrometer is an efficient and fast method for the measurement of the stoichiometry of the protein-metal complexes under physiological conditions (pH approximately 7). The metal displacement of Co(2+) to Cd(2+), two metal ions necessary for activation in the monomeric AHL lactonase produced by B. thuringiensis, has been used as a proof of concept.
Figure S3 from Arginine Depletion Therapy with ADI-PEG20 Limits Tumor Growth in Argininosuccinate Synthase–Deficient Ovarian Cancer, Including Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Decreased ASS1 expression correlates with CTNNB1 mutation in ENOC and EEC. A, ASS1 mRNA Z-score in 26 cases of ENOC cases described in publication by Wang et al (30). B, ASS1 histoscore distribution in CTNNB1 mutated and wildtype endometroid endometrial and endometrioid ovarian cancers. C, ASS1 mRNA raw counts in the TCGA endometrial cohort as related to CTNNB1 mutation status. P values were calculated using a Wilcoxin rank sum test.&lt;/p&gt;
A fast recursive algorithm for optimum sequential signal detection in a BLAST system (2003)

Bell Laboratories layered space-time (BLAST) wireless systems are multiple-antenna communication schemes that can achieve very high spectral efficiencies in scattering environments with no increase in bandwidth or transmitted power. The most popular and, by far, the most practical architecture is the so-called vertical BLAST (V-BLAST). The signal detection algorithm of a V-BLAST system is computationally very intensive. If the number of transmitters is M and is equal to the number of receivers, this complexity is proportional to M/sup 4/ at each sample time. We propose a very simple and efficient algorithm that reduces the complexity by a factor of M.
Vesicular Polysaccharide Export in Cryptococcus neoformans Is a Eukaryotic Solution to the Problem of Fungal Trans-Cell Wall Transport (2006)

The mechanisms by which macromolecules are transported through the cell wall of fungi are not known. A central question in the biology of Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative agent of cryptococcosis, is the mechanism by which capsular polysaccharide synthesized inside the cell is exported to the extracellular environment for capsule assembly and release. We demonstrate that C. neoformans produces extracellular vesicles during in vitro growth and animal infection. Vesicular compartments, which are transferred to the extracellular space by cell wall passage, contain glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), a component of the cryptococcal capsule, and key lipids, such as glucosylceramide and sterols. A correlation between GXM-containing vesicles and capsule expression was observed. The results imply a novel mechanism for the release of the major virulence factor of C. neoformans whereby polysaccharide packaged in lipid vesicles crosses the cell wall and the capsule network to reach the extracellular environment.
Atomic Resolution Study of Reversible Conversion Reaction in Metal Oxide Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Battery (2014)

Electrode materials based on conversion reactions with lithium ions have shown much higher energy density than those based on intercalation reactions. Here, nanocubes of a typical metal oxide (Co3O4) were grown on few-layer graphene, and their electrochemical lithiation and delithiation were investigated at atomic resolution by in situ transmission electron microscopy to reveal the mechanism of the reversible conversion reaction. During lithiation, a lithium-inserted Co3O4 phase and a phase consisting of nanosized Co-Li-O clusters are identified as the intermediate products prior to the subsequent formation of Li2O crystals. In delithiation, the reduced metal nanoparticles form a network and breakdown into even smaller clusters that act as catalysts to prompt reduction of Li2O, and CoO nanoparticles are identified as the product of the deconversion reaction. Such direct real-space, real-time atomic-scale observations shed light on the phenomena and mechanisms in reaction-based electrochemical energy conversion and provide impetus for further development in electrochemical charge storage devices.
Long-term Stable Disease in a Rectal-cancer Patient Treated by Methionine Restriction With Oral Recombinant Methioninase and a Low-methionine Diet (2022)

This patient's clinical course indicates that o-rMETase and a low-methionine diet may be effective for rectal cancer, for long-term disease stabilization. Further case studies and clinical trials are needed to determine the generality of the present result.
Substituted complexes of enterobactin and synthetic analogs as probes of the ferric-enterobactin receptor in Escherichia coli (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted complexes of enterobactin and synthetic analogs as probes of the ferric-enterobactin receptor in Escherichia coliDavid J. Ecker, Lawrence D. Loomis, Marion E. Cass, and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2457–2464Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heterogeneity of macrophage infiltration and therapeutic response in lung carcinoma revealed by 3D organ imaging (2017)

Abstract Involvement of the immune system in tumour progression is at the forefront of cancer research. Analysis of the tumour immune microenvironment has yielded a wealth of information on tumour biology, and alterations in some immune subtypes, such as tumour-associated macrophages (TAM), can be strong prognostic indicators. Here, we use optical tissue clearing and a TAM-targeting injectable fluorescent nanoparticle (NP) to examine three-dimensional TAM composition, tumour-to-tumour heterogeneity, response to colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) blockade and nanoparticle-based drug delivery in murine pulmonary carcinoma. The method allows for rapid tumour volume assessment and spatial information on TAM infiltration at the cellular level in entire lungs. This method reveals that TAM density was heterogeneous across tumours in the same animal, overall TAM density is different among separate pulmonary tumour models, nanotherapeutic drug delivery correlated with TAM heterogeneity, and successful response to CSF-1R blockade is characterized by enhanced TAM penetration throughout and within tumours.
Corrosion Behaviour and J774A.1 Macrophage Response to Hyaluronic Acid Functionalization of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide on Biomedical Grade CoCr (2021)

Improvements in the lubrication of metal–metal joint prostheses are of great clinical interest in order to minimize the particles released during wear–corrosion processes. In this work, electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) on CoCr was functionalized with hyaluronic acid (ErGOHA). Functionalization was carried out by soaking for 24 h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution containing 3 g/L hyaluronic acid (HA). The corrosion performance of CoCrErGO and CoCrErGOHA surfaces was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 7 days in PBS. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were studied in mouse macrophages J774A.1 cell line by the measurement of mitochondrial activity (WST-1 assay) and plasma membrane damage (LDH assay). The inflammatory response was examined through TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines in macrophages culture supernatants, used as indicators of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, respectively. EIS diagrams of CoCrErGOHA revealed two time constants: the first one, attributed to the hydration and diffusion processes of the HA layer adsorbed on ErGO, and the second one, the corrosion resistance of ErGOHA/CoCr interface. Macrophage assays showed better behavior on CoCrErGOHA than CoCr and CoCrErGO surfaces based on their biocompatible, cytotoxic, and inflammatory responses. Comparative analysis of IL-10 showed that functionalization with HA induces higher values of anti-inflammatory cytokine, suggesting an improvement in inflammatory behavior.
Evidence Integration for Multi-Hop Reading Comprehension With Graph Neural Networks (2020)

Multi-hop reading comprehension focuses on one type of factoid question, where a system needs to properly integrate multiple pieces of evidence to correctly answer a question. Previous work approximates global evidence with local coreference information, encoding coreference chains with DAG-styled GRU layers within a gated-attention reader. However, coreference is limited in providing information for rich inference. We introduce a new method for better connecting global evidence, which forms more complex graphs compared to DAGs. To perform evidence integration on our graphs, we investigate two recent graph neural networks, namely graph convolutional network (GCN) and graph recurrent network (GRN). Experiments on two standard datasets show that richer global information leads to better answers. Our approach shows highly competitive performances on these datasets without deep language models (such as ELMo).
Soft magnetic properties of Co-Fe-P and Co-Fe-Sn-P amorphous films formed by electroplating (1990)

Co-Fe-P and Co-Fe-Sn-P amorphous soft magnetic alloys have been developed by electroplating. These alloys have zero magnetorestrictive compositions and show a high saturation magnetic induction B/sub s/ of 10-13.5 kG and high permeability of 3000-5000 at 5 MHz with 2- mu m thickness. It was found that the addition of Sn to Co-Fe-P improves the corrosion resistance without decreasing saturation magnetic induction. The magnetic domain structures of the thin-film head-shaped cores with Co-Fe-P amorphous films were also observed by the magnetooptical longitudinal Kerr-effect technique. It was observed that the corrosion resistivity of Co-Fe-Sn-P amorphous alloy is superior to that of Co-Fe-P amorphous alloy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Suppression of Al-Ga interdiffusion by a WNx film on an AlxGa1−xAs/AlAs superlattice structure (1991)

Undoped AlAs/AlxGa1−xAs superlattice structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and annealed under Si3N4, SiO2, or WNx encapsulant films, both with and without the presence of a 120Sn implant. Enhancement of the Al-Ga interdiffusion coefficient occurred under the Si3N4 and SiO2 films due to indiffusion of Si from the films. Enhancement was even greater during diffusion of the Sn implant. In both cases intermixing enhancement was due to the Fermi level effect. Underneath the WNx film, however, interdiffusion was suppressed even in the presence of the Sn dopant.
Multi-Modal Recurrent Fusion for Indoor Localization (2022)

This paper considers indoor localization using multi-modal wireless signals including Wi-Fi, inertial measurement unit (IMU), and ultra-wideband (UWB). By formulating the localization as a multi-modal sequence regression problem, a multi-stream recurrent fusion method is proposed to combine the current hidden state of each modality in the context of recurrent neural networks while accounting for the modality uncertainty which is directly learned from its own immediate past states. The proposed method was evaluated on the large-scale SPAWC2021 multi-modal localization dataset and compared with a wide range of baseline methods including the trilateration method, traditional fingerprinting methods, and convolution network-based methods.
Drop-out from the tuberculosis contact investigation cascade in a routine public health setting in urban Uganda: A prospective, multi-center study (2017)

Major opportunities exist for improving the effectiveness and yield of TB contact investigation by increasing the proportion of index households completing screening visits by lay health workers and the proportion of at-risk contacts completing TB evaluation.
One‐Pot Aerosol Route to MoO3‐SiO2‐Al2O3 Catalysts with Ordered Super Microporosity and High Olefin Metathesis Activity (2012)

Aerosol processing coupled with surfactant-templated sol–gel synthesis is used to produce MoO3-SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts. By quenching the sol–gel kinetics by fast drying of the aerosol, molecular-scale dispersion of each component is achieved. The structuring agent generates an organized porosity at the nanoscale. The catalysts have a high specific surface area and outstanding olefin metathesis activity.
Developing biomarkers to predict benefit from HGF/MET pathway inhibitors (2013)

Activation of the MET signalling pathway is critical in regulating multiple cellular processes underlying tumourigenic growth and has represented an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Early stage clinical studies of multiple agents targeting this pathway have been undertaken, frequently in unselected patient cohorts with variable results. Promising data in patient subgroups in these studies indicate the need for predictive biomarkers to identify the patients most likely to benefit from these therapies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of mechanisms of MET activation, the status of the clinical evaluation of MET-targeted therapies, the associated efforts to identify and validate biomarkers, and the considerations and challenges for potential development of companion diagnostics.