gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ovine Stifle as a Model for Human Cruciate Ligament Surgery (1996)

Summary This study evaluated the anatomy and biomechanics of the ovine stifle, with a view to its use as a model of the human knee joint. Stifles were dissected to define the internal anatomy, concentrating on the cruciate ligaments. The cranial cruciate ligament (CraCL) was assessed biomechanically at 30° and 90° flexion, intact, with the craniomedial bundle (CraMB) divided, and after complete transection. Craniocaudal (C-C) and internal-external rotatory stability were assessed. The tensile strength of the CraCL was determined. The morphology of the ovine stifle was similar to the human knee. Sequential sectioning of the bundles of the CraCL caused increasing cranial laxity of the joint. Rotational laxity also increased as the CraCL was divided, as well as with progressive joint flexion. It was concluded that the ovine stifle is a valid animal model for the human knee for work on the cruciate ligaments. The anatomy and biomechanics of the ovine stifle were studied, with a view to assessing the suitability of the joint as a surgical model for the cruciate ligaments of the human knee. The ligaments, joint stability and cranial cruciate ligament strength were measured. It was concluded that the ovine stifle is a valid model of the human knee for this purpose.
A microfluidic device for tissue biopsy culture and interrogation (2010)

This communication reports the development of a microfluidic device capable of maintaining the long-term culture of viable tissue biopsies. Tissue-based models will enable evaluation of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions within multi-cellular systems. The device demonstrated is a prototype, fabricated with the capacity to receive biopsy samples up to 2 mm3, from various tissue sources. Presently, this system has been tested with human colorectal tissue biopsies, for periods in excess of 3 days. The response of normal colorectal tissue and neoplastic biopsies to hypoxia was assayed by the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into the media, which was measured off-chip. As anticipated, the hypoxia induced a greater VEGF response in the tumour biopsies than the non-malignant tissue.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Substituted Phenylpropanoic Acid Derivatives as Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPAR) Activators: Novel Human PPARα‐Selective Activators. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Composition-Structure-Property Relations of Compressed Borosilicate Glasses (2014)

Glass is ubiquitous, yet our understanding of its structure-function relationships remains far from complete and limits technology. For example, while compression is an important tool in the synthesis of crystalline materials, comparable breakthroughs in preparing bulk glasses are still largely lacking. This work reveals the striking linear dependence of the plastic compressibility of borosilicate glasses on both initial trigonal boron content and relative change in hardness with pressure, with important implications for manufacturing tailored damage-resistant glassy materials.
Robust carotid pulse detection using accelerometry and electrocardiography (2017)

Neurally mediated syncope (NMS) is a disorder of the autonomic regulation of postural tone. These patients suffer from blood-pressure regulation failure resulting in hypo-perfusion of the brain, which might lead to significant injuries due to falls. Detection of the onset of blood-pressure regulation failure enables the patient to start counter-measures and, hence, avoid hypo-perfusion of the brain. Monitoring of blood-pressure (BP) changes is key to develop an early alert solution. Several setups have been tested for this purpose using vascular unloading and pulse arrival time (PAT). The aim of this study was to do an initial investigation of using the electrocardiography (ECG) signal and accelerometry (ACC) signals acquired from the carotid to reliably infer pulse presence and pulse absence. A classifier using a correlation feature derived from the ECG and the ACC signals was conceptualized and implemented. The algorithm performance was tested with data acquired during scheduled head-up tilt table tests of 8 syncope patients. This is an essential step towards PAT inference as a BP surrogate.
The Prosthesis-Bone Interface Adjacent to Tibial Components Inserted without Cement. Clinical and Radiographic Follow-up at Nine to Twelve Years* (1996)

We evaluated the radiographic and functional status of a one-piece composite tibial component, designed to be inserted without cement, that was developed and used only at our institution. Thirty-six patients (thirty-seven knees) were managed with the component between November 1981 and September 1983, and none were lost to follow-up. When they were last seen, thirty-four (92 per cent) of the thirty-seven knees had a well-fixed tibial component, both clinically and radiographically. Eight patients (eight knees; 22 per cent) died. Eleven patients (eleven knees; 30 per cent) had a revision at an average of sixty-five months (range, four to ninety-five months) postoperatively. The reason for the revision was failure of a metal-backed patellar component in three knees, excessive wear of the polyethylene of the tibial component in one, a hematogenous infection in four, aseptic loosening of the tibial component in two, and chronic synovitis in one. The remaining seventeen patients (eighteen knees; 49 per cent) were seen for clinical and radiographic follow-up at an average of eleven years (range, nine to twelve years) after the operation. With removal of the implant as the end point, the cumulative rate of survival was 83 per cent at fifty-six months and 67 per cent at 108 months. Some of the failures were secondary to features of the prosthetic design that currently are considered to be inadequate, including a metal-backed patellar component and carbon-fiber-reinforced polyethylene. In the twenty-six knees in which the prosthesis had been retained, the implant was stable and the prosthesis-bone interface was unchanged as seen radiographically at the time of the most recent follow-up examination. This finding demonstrates that a porous ingrowth surface is capable of providing a secure interface for biological fixation over the long term.
Use of a Ni60Ti shape memory alloy for active jet engine chevron application: II. Experimentally validated numerical analysis (2009)

A shape memory alloy (SMA) composition of Ni60Ti40 (wt%) was chosen for the fabrication of active beam components used as cyclic actuators and incorporated into morphing aerospace structures. The active structure is a variable-geometry chevron (VGC) designed to reduce jet engine noise in the take-off flight regime while maintaining efficiency in the cruise regime. This two-part work addresses the training, characterization and derived material properties of the new nickel-rich NiTi composition, the assessment of the actuation properties of the active beam actuator and the accurate analysis of the VGC and its subcomponents using a model calibrated from the material characterization.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mob1p Is Required for Cytokinesis and Mitotic Exit (2001)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic exit network (MEN) is a conserved set of genes that mediate the transition from mitosis to G(1) by regulating mitotic cyclin degradation and the inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to mitotic exit, S. cerevisiae MEN gene MOB1 is required for cytokinesis and cell separation. The cytokinesis defect was evident in mob1 mutants under conditions in which there was no mitotic-exit defect. Observation of live cells showed that yeast myosin II, Myo1p, was present in the contractile ring at the bud neck but that the ring failed to contract and disassemble. The cytokinesis defect persisted for several mitotic cycles, resulting in chains of cells with correctly segregated nuclei but with uncontracted actomyosin rings. The cytokinesis proteins Cdc3p (a septin), actin, and Iqg1p/ Cyk1p (an IQGAP-like protein) appeared to correctly localize in mob1 mutants, suggesting that MOB1 functions subsequent to actomyosin ring assembly. We also examined the subcellular distribution of Mob1p during the cell cycle and found that Mob1p first localized to the spindle pole bodies during mid-anaphase and then localized to a ring at the bud neck just before and during cytokinesis. Localization of Mob1p to the bud neck required CDC3, MEN genes CDC5, CDC14, CDC15, and DBF2, and spindle pole body gene NUD1 but was independent of MYO1. The localization of Mob1p to both spindle poles was abolished in cdc15 and nud1 mutants and was perturbed in cdc5 and cdc14 mutants. These results suggest that the MEN functions during the mitosis-to-G(1) transition to control cyclin-CDK inactivation and cytokinesis.
Effect of entropy generation on the performance of humidification-dehumidification desalination cycles (2010)

This paper applies irreversibility analysis to characterize humidification-dehumidification (HD) desalination cycles and to identify how to further improve cycles and components. It is shown that minimizing specific entropy generation of the cycle maximizes the gained output ratio (GOR). It is also shown that each cycle has one limiting component that cannot be substantially improved and a second component that should be the target of efforts to minimize entropy generation. Finally, the failure of exergy analysis to yield conclusive results for on-design HD cycle analysis is discussed briefly.
Simulation of charge packet formation in layered polymer film (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a rapid and robust axisymmetric hybrid algorithm to create dynamic temporal and spatial charge distributions, or charge map, in the simulation of bipolar charge injection using Schottky emission and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, field-dependent transport, recombination, and bulk and interfacial trapping/de-trapping for layered polymer films spanning the range from initial injection to near breakdown. Design/methodology/approach – This hybrid algorithm uses a source distribution technique based on an axisymmetric boundary integral equation method (BIEM) to solve the Poisson equation and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method with an upwind scheme for time integration. Iterative stability is assured by satisfying the Courant-Friedrichs-Levy (CFL) stability criterion. Dynamic charge mapping is achieved by allowing conducting and insulating boundaries and material interfaces to be intuitively represented by equivalent free and bound charge distributions that collectively satisfy all local and far-field conditions. Findings – Charge packets cause substantial increase of electric stress and could accelerate the breakdown of polymeric capacitors. Conditions for the creation of charge packets are identified and numerically demonstrated for a combination of impulsive step excitation, high charge injection, and discontinuous interface. Originality/value – Metallized bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) dielectric thin film capacitor with self-clearing and enhanced current carrying capability offer an inexpensive and lightweight alternative for efficient power conditioning, energy storage, energy conversion, and pulsed power. The originality is the comprehensive physics and multi-dimensional modeling which span the dynamic range from initial injection to near breakdown. This model has been validated against some empirical data and may be used to identify failure mechanisms such as charge packets, gaseous voids, and electroluminescence. The value lies in the use of this model to develop mitigation strategies, including re-designs and materials matching, to avoid these failure mechanisms.
Comparison of the effects of EM‐652 (SCH57068), tamoxifen, toremifene, droloxifene, idoxifene, GW‐5638 and raloxifene on the growth of human ZR‐75‐1 breast tumors in nude mice (2002)

EM-652 exerts pure antiestrogenic activity in the mammary gland and endometrium, while tamoxifen, the antiestrogen most widely used for the treatment of breast cancer, exerts mixed antiestrogenic-estrogenic activity in these tissues. Our objective was to compare the agonistic and antagonistic effects of EM-652 with tamoxifen and 5 other antiestrogens on the growth of ZR-75-1 human breast xenografts in ovariectomized nude mice. During the 23 weeks of treatment at a daily oral dose of 50 microg, EM-652 was the only compound that decreased tumor size relative to pretreatment values, whereas the 6 other antiestrogens only decreased to various extents the progression rate stimulated by estrone. Under estrone stimulation, all groups of animals had more than 60% of their tumors in the progression category except for the EM-652-treated group, where only 7% of the tumors progressed. In the absence of estrone stimulation, progression was seen in 60%, 33%, 21% and 12% of tumors in the tamoxifen-, idoxifene-, toremifene- and raloxifene-treated groups, respectively, while only 4% of tumors progressed in the EM-652-treated group. The agonistic and antagonistic actions of each antiestrogen were also measured on endometrial epithelial cell thickness. Our present findings indicate that EM-652, in addition to being the most potent antiestrogen on human breast tumor growth, has no agonistic effect in breast and endometrial tissues. Since previous data have shown benefits of EM-652 on bone density and lipid profile, this compound could be an ideal candidate for chemoprevention of breast and uterine cancers, while protecting against osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
Correction: Ubp6 delays destruction (2006)

Vol. 174 No. 7, September 25, 2006. Pages [1047–1058][1].

During the production process, primes were erroneously converted to the number 9 in the Abstract. The corrected sentence appears below.

NK-B−mediated ablation of Ca2+ oscillations and elevation of 3′–5′ cyclic adenosine
The rapid and highly parallel identification of antibodies with defined biological activities by SLISY (2023)

The therapeutic applications of antibodies are manifold and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 provides a cogent example of the value of rapidly identifying biologically active antibodies. We describe an approach called SLISY (Sequencing-Linked ImmunoSorbent assaY) that in a single experiment can assess the binding specificity of millions of clones, be applied to any screen that links DNA sequence to a potential binding moiety, and requires only a single round of biopanning. We demonstrate this approach using an scFv library applied to cellular and protein targets to identify specific or broadly reacting antibodies. For a cellular target, we use paired HLA knockout cell lines to identify a panel of antibodies specific to HLA-A3. For a protein target, SLISY identifies 1279 clones that bound to the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with >40% of tested clones also neutralizing its interaction with ACE2 in in vitro assays. Using a multi-comparison SLISY against the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, we recovered clones that exhibited broad-spectrum neutralizing potential in vitro. By evaluating millions of scFvs simultaneously against multiple targets, SLISY allows the rapid identification of candidate scFvs with defined binding profiles facilitating the identification of antibodies with the desired biological activity.
Advances in Numerical Simulation of High-Speed Impact Welding (2019)

Numerical simulations of high-speed forming and welding are of significant interest to industry, but are challenging due to the coupled physics and dynamic nature of the processes. With the advancement in hardware and computational capabilities, the next generation of computational methods, so called meshless methods, have received significant attention. Among all meshless methods, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has received major consideration. The main advantage of the SPH method is to bypass the requirement for a numerical grid to calculate spatial derivatives. This avoids severe problems associated with mesh tangling and distortion which usually occur in Lagrangian analysis involving high-strain-rate events. In this study to better understand the effects of oxide layer, coating and diffused materials on weldability, a novel hybrid SPH platform was developed. Then, the high-speed impact between Steel/Steel, Copper/Titanium, and Aluminum/Steel were simulated. To experimentally validate the numerical efforts, results were compared to vaporizing foil actuator welding and explosive welding tests. Good agreement between the numerical simulations and experimental results provided confidence in the numerical modeling.
Discovery of Novel Materials with Broad Resistance to Bacterial Attachment Using Combinatorial Polymer Microarrays (2013)

A new class of bacteria-attachment-resistant materials is discovered using a multi-generation polymer microarray methodology that reduces bacterial attachment by up to 99.3% compared with a leading commercially available silver hydrogel anti-bacterial material. The coverage of three bacterial species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli is assessed.
Long-Term Clinical Benefit of Lenalidomide (Revlimid) Treatment in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Chromosome Deletion 5q. (2006)

Abstract Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematological disorders characterized by chronic anemia, and are often refractory to cytokine therapy. Two phase 2 studies evaluating lenalidomide in MDS (MDS-001 and MDS-003), demonstrated a high frequency of erythroid response in patients with a chromosome 5q31 deletion (List AF et al., N Eng J Med2005; 352:549–557 and List AF et al., in press). Herein we report on the durability of response with long term follow-up approaching 4 years. Methods: All enrolled subjects were evaluated for frequency and duration of red blood cell transfusion independence (RBC-TI), change in hemoglobin (Hgb), pathologic and cytogenetic response, and safety. Results: Ten 5q31- patients achieved a cytogenetic and/or major erythroid response in MDS-001. Four of these patients have maintained a major response for at least 2 years (range 2.2 to 3.7 years). In MDS-003, 99 (67%) of 148 enrolled patients achieved RBC-TI. Of the 99 responders 83 were Low/Int-1, 3 were Int-2/High and 13 were not classified. Median increase in Hgb from baseline to maximum achieved during RBC-TI was 5.4 g/dL (range 1.1, 11.4). The estimated median duration of response was 115.9 weeks, and 52 (53%) of 99 responders remain on study with ongoing RBC-TI response as of 30 June 2006. Duration of response was at least 52 weeks for 63 (64%), 78 weeks for 52 (53%), and 104 weeks for 36 (36%) of 99 responding patients. Variables (or co-variates) associated with longer duration of TI in multivariate analysis included low baseline transfusion requirement (&lt;4 units per 8 wks, p=0.002), 5q- syndrome (p=0.01) and low IPSS (p=0.02) classifications. Among 85 evaluable patients, major cytogenetic responses were achieved in 37 (44%) and minor responses in 24 (28%). Cytogenetic responses occurred in patients with complex karyotypes as well as those with an isolated 5q31 deletion. The frequencies of major and minor cytogenetic responses were similar among patients with and without 5q- syndrome. The most common drug-related adverse events (AE) were Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, reported in 87 (59%) and 74 (50%) of 148 patients, respectively although hematologic AEs led to study discontinuation in only 13 (9%) of patients. Pneumonia was the only serious adverse event that occurred in &gt;10% of patients (15/148; 10%). Adverse events were manageable through supportive treatment and dose reduction. Conclusion: Lenalidomide is an effective treatment in MDS patients with an associated chromosome 5q31 deletion, with RBC-TI and major erythroid response maintained for median duration &gt; 2 years.
Persistence of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Edited Hematopoietic Stem Cells Following Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies (2021)

Gene editing blood-derived cells is an attractive approach to cure selected monogenic diseases but remains experimental. A systematic search of preclinical controlled studies is needed to determine the persistence of edited cells following reinfusion. All studies identified in our systematic search (to 20 October 2020) examining the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in blood-derived cells for transplantation were included. Meta-analysis was performed to determine the engraftment and persistence of gene edited cells. A total of 3538 preclinical studies were identified with 15 published articles meeting eligibility for meta-analysis. These in vivo animal studies examined editing of hemoglobin to correct sickle cell disease (eight studies), inducing resistance to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (two studies), and six other monogenic disorders (single studies). CRISPR-Cas9 edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells demonstrated equivalent early engraftment compared to controls in meta-analysis but persistence of gene-edited cells was reduced at later time points and in secondary transplant recipients. Subgroup analysis in studies targeting the hemoglobin gene revealed a significant reduction in the persistence of gene-edited cells whether homology-directed repair or nonhomologous end-joining were used. No adverse side effects were reported. Significant heterogeneity in study design and outcome reporting was observed and the potential for bias was identified in all studies. CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited cells engraft similarly to unedited hematopoietic cells. Persistence of gene edited cells, however, remains a challenge and improved methods of targeting hematopoietic stem cells are needed. Reducing heterogeneity and potential risk of bias will hasten the development of informative clinical trials.
Fast Switching Burst Mode Receiver in a 24-Channel 112Gb/s DP-QPSK WDM System with 240km Transmission (2012)

We demonstrate the performance of a fast switching (&lt; 150ns) 112Gb/s DP-QPSK digital burst mode coherent receiver in a 24-channel WDM system. A penalty of 0.5dB is experienced after propagating over 240km of SSMF.
Cloud Computing and Cloud Automata as A New Paradigm for Computation (2019)

Cloud computing addresses how to make right resources available to right computation to improve scaling, resiliency and efficiency of the computation. We argue that cloud computing indeed, is a new paradigm for computation with a higher order of artificial intelligence (AI), and put forward cloud automata as a new model for computation. A high-level AI requires infusing features that mimic human functioning into AI systems. One of the central features is that humans learn all the time and the learning is incremental. Consequently, for AI, we need to use computational models, which reflect incremental learning without stopping (sentience). These features are inherent in reflexive, inductive and limit Turing machines. To construct cloud automata, we use the mathematical theory of Oracles, which include Oracles of Turing machines as its special case. We develop a hierarchical approach based on Oracles with different ranks that includes Oracle AI as a special case. Discussing a named-set approach, we describe an implementation of a high-performance edge cloud using hierarchical name-oriented networking and Oracle AI-based orchestration. We demonstrate how cloud automata with a control overlay allows microservice network provisioning, monitoring, and reconfiguration to address non-deterministic fluctuations affecting their behavior without interrupting the overall evolution of computation.