gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving transparency of powered exoskeletons using force/torque sensors on the supporting cuffs (2013)

Most of the control strategies embedded in recent robotic exoskeletons for rehabilitation and assistance are specific implementations of the well-known "assistance as needed" paradigm. A key point in the design of these systems is the requirement for the robot to exert negligible interaction forces to the wearer if he/she is performing well. Optimizing transparency of a device is a challenging task: various strategies have been proposed to achieve this goal, involving both the mechanical structure of the robot and the control algorithms. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective approach that requires minimal redesign efforts in the robotic structure and in the controller to be implemented on existing devices. We experimentally validate the method by comparing kinematic, kinetic and electromyo-graphic data collected from 3 healthy subjects as they walked in three different conditions: free treadmill walking, walking in a robotic trainer with a traditional zero-impedance configuration and walking in the same robot with the new zero-impedance configuration. Results show that the novel configuration was capable of effectively reducing the interaction forces and, as a consequence, it affected subjects' natural gait less than the traditional one did.
The onset and decay of heterologous tolerance to morphine after subcutaneous (sc) injection for varying lengths of time (2015)

The development and decay of heterologous tolerance following chronic morphine exposure via pellet implantation is well documented in the guinea pig longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus (LM/MP). However, this method of administration only permits qualitative analysis of the decay of tolerance because the time at which drug exposure ends is unknown. Therefore, we assessed tolerance development in animals treated with twice daily sc injections of morphine for 1, 2, 4, 7 or 10 days. The analgesic effect of morphine was assessed in vivo using the paw pressure test and the characteristics of tolerance evaluated by comparing the neurogenic twitch inhibition by DAMGO and 2‐CADO in LM/MP from the same animals. Decay of tolerance was determined by evaluating animals or tissues obtained from them at 0, 1, 2 or 4 days after treatment cessation. A significant level of tolerance was generated by 2 days after treatment, which peaked at 4 days and was maintained at 7 and 10 days of treatment. The data indicated that the time for return to baseline correlated to the magnitude of tolerance in all animal groups. By 2 days after treatment tolerance began to decline and by 4 days it was no longer significant. The fact that the decay of tolerance is a function of both the length of treatment and magnitude of tolerance developed reinforces the idea that tolerance following chronic treatment with morphine is an adaptive process produced by alterations in one or more of several cellular signaling proteins. Protein analysis of the LM/MP from these animals via western blot revealed no change in the amount of the µ, A 1 , or A 2a receptors. These data indicate that the observed tolerance cannot be explained by a decrease in the number of receptors.
Inhibition of STAT5: A therapeutic option in BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia (2014)

The two transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B are central signaling molecules in leukemias driven by Abelson fusion tyrosine kinases and they fulfill all criteria of drug targets. STAT5A and STAT5B display unique nuclear shuttling mechanisms and they have a key role in resistance of leukemic cells against treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Moreover, STAT5A and STAT5B promote survival of leukemic stem cells. We here discuss the possibility of targeting up-stream kinases with TKI, direct STAT5 inhibition via SH2 domain obstruction and blocking nuclear translocation of STAT5. All discussed options will result in a stop of STAT5 transport to the nucleus to block STAT5-mediated transcriptional activity. In summary, recently described shuttling functions of STAT5 are discussed as potentially druggable pathways in leukemias.
Unusual alpha-globin-like gene that has cleanly lost both globin intervening sequences. (1980)

We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of a mouse alpha-globin-like gene that entirely lacks the two intervening sequences that interrupt all globin genes thus far examined. The fact that this gene, alpha-3, is closely homologous to the normal adult alpha gene sequence suggests that it arose after the alpha/beta divergence and that it therefore must have lost its intervening sequences. The further fact that these intervening sequences have been lost cleanly--that is, in according with the G-T/A-G splicing rule of RNA--suggests, among other possibilities, that their loss may have been brought about by a gene conversion event involving the mediation of mature globin mRNA or its cDNA cognate. We propose such a mechanism that would permit the loss of either or both intervening sequences independently. Only the loss of both, however, should result in the inactivation of the globin gene, as seems to be the case with alpha-3.
Data from Ethnic Differences and Functional Analysis of MET Mutations in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; African Americans have higher incidence and poorer response to lung cancer treatment compared with Caucasians. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the significant ethnic difference are not known. The present study examines the ethnic differences in the type and frequency of MET proto-oncogene (MET) mutation in lung cancer and correlated them with other frequently mutated genes such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), KRAS2, and TP53.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Using tumor tissue genomic DNA from 141 Asian, 76 Caucasian, and 66 African American lung cancer patients, exons coding for MET and EGFR were PCR amplified, and mutations were detected by sequencing. Mutation carriers were further screened for KRAS2 and TP53 mutations. Functional implications of important MET mutations were explored by molecular modeling and hepatocyte growth factor binding studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Unlike the frequently encountered somatic mutations in EGFR, MET mutations in lung tumors were germline. MET-N375S, the most frequent mutation of MET, occurred in 13% of East Asians compared with none in African Americans. The frequency of MET mutations was highest among male smokers and squamous cell carcinoma. The MET-N375S mutation seems to confer resistance to MET inhibition based on hepatocyte growth factor ligand binding, molecular modeling, and apoptotic susceptibility to MET inhibitor studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; MET in lung cancer tissues contained nonsynonymous mutations in the semaphorin and juxtamembrane domains but not in the tyrosine kinase domain. All the MET mutations were germline. East Asians, African-Americans, and Caucasians had different MET genotypes and haplotypes. MET mutations in the semaphorin domain affected ligand binding. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(18):5714–23)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Characteristic Analysis of A-CAES plant with the Virtual Synchronous Generator Function (2020)

A virtual synchronous generator (VSG) structure for the adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (ACAES) is proposed and its feature is studied through dynamic simulations. The VSG focused on the synchronous machine inertia only and it is constructed referring Heffron-Phillip's model. The most characteristic point is that the VSG doesn't use measured power but estimate the synchronism power by the Heffron-Phillip's model. Then the stable VSG is realized by grid connected inverter control. The feature is examined by the simulations. A-CAES VSG is found to have 2 functions that is instantaneous inertia compensation (spinning reserve) by the generator rotating energy and grid electricity supply-demand gap compensation for seconds to hours (Load frequency control: LFC) by stored compressed air. Furthermore, easy handling is achieved for LFC operation thanks to the screw-type compressors and expanders.
Improved metal-insulator-transition characteristics of ultrathin VO2 epitaxial films by optimized surface preparation of rutile TiO2 substrates (2014)

Key to the growth of epitaxial, atomically thin films is the preparation of the substrates on which they are deposited. Here, we report the growth of atomically smooth, ultrathin films of VO2 (001), only ∼2 nm thick, which exhibit pronounced metal-insulator transitions, with a change in resistivity of ∼500 times, at a temperature that is close to that of films five times thicker. These films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on single crystalline TiO2(001) substrates that were treated by dipping in acetone, HCl and HF in successive order, followed by an anneal at 700–750 °C in flowing oxygen. This pretreatment removes surface contaminants, TiO2 defects, and provides a terraced, atomically smooth surface.
INFRARED SPECTRA OF DIBORON TETRAHYDROXIDE B$sub 2$OH AND BORON MONOXIDE (BO)x (1963)

Infrared spectra for B/sub 2/(OH)/sub 4/(OD)/sub 4/ and (BO)/sub x/, were developed in order to determine the frequency and character of the B- B bond. Wide absorption bands of a white and brown modification of (BO)/sub x/ are assumed to be polymer modifications of boron monoxide. Similarity of the brown boron monoxide spectrum with boron anhydride spectrum suggests that the brown modification is the mixture of boron anhydride and boron. Comparison of absorption spectra for diboron tetrahydroxide dehydrated in a vacuum at 600 to 650 deg and of boron anhydride mixture heated at the same temperature showed that both spectra are identical and confirm the postulation that the brown modification represents a mixture of boron anhydride and boron. (R.V.J.)
Surface Engineering Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Biosensor Performance: Influence of Redox-Active, Oxo-Anion Ligand Modification on Sensitivity (2020)

Nanoscale cerium oxide surface chemistry has been studied intensively due to its pronounced activity in various catalytic applications. The material’s surface reactivity is generally attributed to oxygen vacancy density and the facile inter-conversion between Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ redox states. However, experimental and theoretical investigations suggest a more intricate surface chemistry. In this study, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) were modified with high-valence oxo-anions to modulate surface electronic structure and chemical interactions with medically-relevant analytes. Changes to the surface chemical environment were assessed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (e.g. binding energy shifts; peak number and character), while charge transfer properties were characterized through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and circuit fitting (following ligand@particle electrophoretic deposition in dH 2 O onto glassy carbon electrodes, GCE). Further, the influence of vacancy density and ligand interaction was characterized via doping Sm 3+ into CNPs in varying dopant fractions (0-15 mol%; oxygen vacancy concentration increases linearly with Sm 3+ concentration). From here, ligand@CNP-modified GCEs were assessed for amperometric (via chronoamperometry) and voltametric (via square-wave voltammetry) sensitivity towards catechols, ascorbic acid, and glucose in phosphate buffered saline. Time of response and selectivity (in presence of structural chemical analogues) were also assessed in similar conditions. Relative sensitivities/performances were analyzed and compared in relation to XPS and electroanalysis trends/characters for future design of optimized biosensor platforms.
Does the representation of time depend on the cerebellum?: Effect of cerebellar stroke (2003)

Behaviours that appear to depend on processing temporal information are frequently disrupted after cerebellar damage. The present study examined the role of the cerebellum in explicit timing and its relationship to other psychological processes. We hypothesized that if the cerebellum regulates timekeeping operations then cerebellar damage should disrupt the perception and the reproduction of intervals, since both are thought to be supported by a common timekeeper mechanism. Twenty-one patients with cerebellar damage from stroke and 30 normal controls performed time perception and time reproduction tasks. In the time reproduction task, timing variability was decomposed into a central timing component (clock variability) and a motor component (motor implementation variability). We found impairments only in time reproduction (increased clock variability) in patients with medial and lateral damage involving the middle- to superior-cerebellar lobules. To explore potential reasons for the temporal processing deficits, time reproduction and perception performance were correlated with independent measures of attention, working memory, sensory discrimination and processing speed. Poorer working memory correlated with increased variability in the 'clock' component of time reproduction. In contrast, processing speed correlated best with time perception. The results did not support a role for the cerebellum in timekeeping operations. Rather, deficits in timing movements may be related to a disruption in acquiring sensory and cognitive information relevant to the task, coupled with an additional impairment in the motor-output system.
A New NASTRAN Capability for Data Reduction (1985)

A new module, MODB, for the data reduction of NASTRAN results is described. NASTRAN analysis results can be filtered and sorted for minimum/maximum values and the printed output resulting from large NASTRAN runs can be limited based on a number of available user options. The sorting is done on stresses, forces and vector quantities like displacements, velocity, and acceleration. The module can be accessed via DMAP alters to existing rigid formats, and has been used on a large number of statics and dynamics problems resulting in considerable savings in cost, time, and the amount of printing.
Evaluation of Catalyst Assisted EGR Cooler System for EGR Cooler Fouling Reduction (2011)

Exhaust gas recirculation is the well-known and widely used NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. More effective EGR cooler has been developed and applied to diesel engines to meet the reinforced emission regulation. However, the contaminated EGR cooler by diesel exhaust gas reduces the performance of the engine and NOx reduction rate. The buildup of deposits in EGR coolers cause significant degradation in heat transfer performance, often on the order of 20~30%. Deposits also increase pressure drop across coolers and thus may degrade engine efficiency under some operation conditions. In this study, as a solution for this problem, DOC assisted EGR cooler is designed and then investigated to reduce fouling and its impact on cooler performance. A single channel EGR cooler fouling test apparatus and soot particle generator were developed to represent the real EGR cooler and exhaust gas of diesel engine. EGR cooler effectiveness of the case with catalyst of pt 30g/ft3 decreased just up to 5%. This value was 45% less compared to the case without catalyst which decreased up to 9% after 10hours experiments.
A model for pressure enhancement in the diabetic nerve: simulations of diabetic rat peripheral nerve and nerve collagens (2003)

We hypothesize that the extracellular matrix of both the endoneurium and epineurium remodel in response to the modified chemical and mechanical environment induced by diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Here, we describe quantitative comparisons of mechanical properties based on uniaxial testing, endoneurial fluid pressure (EFP) measurement, image analysis, and content (collagens I, III and IV) analysis of healthy and diabetic sciatic nerve collagens from Sprague-Dawley and BioBreeding rats. Nonlinear response of fibrous structures generally results from three phenomena: alignment of fibers, sequential failure of fibers in the array, or nonlinear response of the fibers themselves. Our preliminary approach employs a thin-walled pressure vessel assumption to model mechanical response of ex vivo tissue relaxation and uniaxial stretching at the millimeter scale. We also present results of a preliminary study of collagen fibers' mechanics, using a sinusoidal bundle-theory assumption, wherein equal load sharing among fibers is assumed. Measured moduli of epineuria are in general agreement with model results for the pressure vessel model, for literature values of modulus and measured EFP. The bundle theory demonstrably captures both the toe and yield regions in the tissue. Results suggest that a multiscale approach is needed to model tissue-property changes during remodeling.
Dynamics of Flexible Viruses in Polymer Solutions (2021)

We examine the coupling of the dynamics of flexible viral nanoparticles to the dynamics of comparably sized polymer chains. Using fluorescence microscopy, we quantify the dynamics of three filamentous viruses, potato virus M (PVM), M13, and pf1, that are suspended in semidilute solutions of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. The dynamics of the viral nanoparticles are approximately diffusive on accessible time and length scales, but the distributions of displacements are non-Gaussian and exhibit increasingly extended tails as the aspect ratio of the viruses or the polymer concentration is increased. The long-time diffusion coefficients do not collapse onto a universal curve based on existing models for rodlike or spherical nanoparticles that are comparably sized to the polymer chains. Instead, the diffusivities appear to collapse as a function of the ratio of the polymer correlation length and a length scale intermediate between the virus radius and length, indicating that the hydrodynamic coupling to the polymer dynamics is affected by the virus anisotropy and flexibility.
Fabrication process of superconducting integrated circuits with submicron Nb/AlO x /Nb junctions using electron-beam direct writing technique (1997)

For enhancing operating speed of a superconducting integrated circuit (IC), the device size must be reduced into the submicron level. For this purpose, we have introduced electron beam (EB) direct writing technique into the fabrication process of a Nb/AlO<SUB>x</SUB>/Nb Josephson IC. A two-layer (PMMA/(alpha) M-CMS) resist method called the portable conformable mask (PCM) method was utilized for having a high aspect ratio. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etching technique was utilized. We have fabricated micron or submicron-size Nb/AlO<SUB>x</SUB>/Nb Josephson junctions, where the size of the junction was varied from 2 micrometer to 0.5 micrometer at 0.1 micrometer intervals. These junctions were designed for evaluating the spread of the junction critical current. We achieved minimum-to-maximum I<SUB>c</SUB> spread of plus or minus 13% for 0.81-micrometer-square (plus or minus 16% for 0.67-micrometer-square) 100 junctions spreading in 130- micrometer-square area. The size deviation of 0.05 micrometer was estimated from the spread values. We have successfully demonstrated a small-scale logic IC with 0.9-micrometer-square junctions having a 50 4JL OR-gate chain, where 4JL means four junctions logic family. The circuit was designed for measuring the gate delay. We obtained a preliminary result of the OR- gate logic delay, where the minimum delay was 8.6 ps/gate.
Dispersion of the Electronic Third-Order Nonlinearity of Symmetric Molecules (2013)

Using a dual-arm Z-scan to increase the signal-to-noise, we measure the dispersion of the electronic third-order nonlinearity of symmetric polymethines and squaraines and find good agreement with the essential-state model including CS2.
Chlorophyll Catabolism Leading to the Skeleton of Dinoflagellate and Krill Luciferins: Hypothesis and Model Studies (2001)

Remarkable selectivity is exhibited in the photooxidation of 20-methoxychlorin methyl ester (1) to exclusively yield the C1-C20 bond cleaved product 2. This selectivity lends strong support to the hypothesis that a hydroxy or equivalent group at C20 directs the C1-C20 bond cleavage that transforms chlorophylls into krill and dinoflagellate luciferins.
Adaptive Sliding Window Minimum Mean Square Error Inter-Carrier Interference Cancellation (2014)

Channel variation causes a loss of orthogonality among the subcarriers of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and leads to inter- carrier interference (ICI) and degradation in performance. In this work, we propose a minimum mean square error ICI canceller with an adaptive sliding window (MMSE-ASW). In a frequency selective channel, the proposed MMSE-ASW adopts a different window size depending on the degree of ICI to which each subcarrier is subjected relative to the power of the signal part. A metric is computed for each subcarrier to determine the degree of interference which depends on the estimated ICI coefficients. A closed form is derived to get the optimum value of the window size used in the MMSE-ASW approach. We analyze the performance and the complexity trade-off of the algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for a frequency selective fast fading channel, in a first generation digital video broadcasting system (DVB-T). As a result, we found that at a Doppler frequency of 100Hz, the proposed algorithm requires only about 32% of the complexity needed in the conventional MMSE approach to deliver the same bit error rate (BER) performance.
Polygenic risk score of alcohol consumption predicts alcohol-related morbidity and all-cause mortality (2019)

Abstract Objective To develop a highly polygenic risk score (PRS) for alcohol consumption and study whether it predicts alcohol-related morbidity and all-cause mortality. Design Biobank-based prospective cohort study Setting FinnGen Study (Finland) Participants 96,499 genotyped participants from the nationwide prospective FinnGen study and 36,499 participants from prospective cohorts (Health 2000, FINRISK, Twin Cohort) with detailed baseline data and up to 25 years of follow-up time. Main outcome measures Incident alcohol-related morbidity and alcohol-related or all-cause mortality, based on hospitalizations, outpatient specialist care, drug purchases, and death reports. Results In 96,499 FinnGen participants there were in total 4,785 first-observed incident alcohol-related health events. The PRS of alcohol consumption was associated with alcohol-related morbidity and the risk estimate (hazard ratio, HR) between the highest and lowest quintiles of the PRS was 1.67 [ 95 % confidence interval: 1.52-1.84], p=3.2*10 −27 ). In 28,639 participants with comprehensive baseline data from prospective Health 2000 and FINRISK cohorts, 911 incident first alcohol-related events were observed. When adjusted for self-reported alcohol consumption, education, marital status, and gamma-glutamyl transferase blood levels, the risk estimate between the highest and lowest quintiles of the PRS was 1.58 (CI=[1.26-1.99], p=8.2*10 −5 ). The PRS was also associated with all-cause mortality with a risk estimate of 1.33 between the highest and lowest quintiles (CI=[1.2-1.47], p=4.5e-08) in the adjusted model. In all 39,695 participants with self-reported alcohol consumption available, a 1 SD increase in the PRS was associated with 11.2 g (=0.93 drinks) higher weekly alcohol consumption (β=11.2 [9.85-12.58 g], p = 2.3*10 −58 ). Conclusions The PRS for alcohol consumption associates for both alcohol-related morbidity and all-cause mortality. These findings underline the importance of heritable factors in alcohol-related behavior and the related health burden. The results highlight how measured genetic risk for an important behavioral risk factor can be used to predict related health outcomes.