gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Surfactant Protein A on Surfactant Phospholipid Hydrolysis by Secreted Phospholipases A2 (2003)

Hydrolysis of surfactant phospholipids by secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)) contributes to surfactant dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome. The present study demonstrates that sPLA(2)-IIA, sPLA(2)-V, and sPLA(2)-X efficiently hydrolyze surfactant phospholipids in vitro. In contrast, sPLA(2)-IIC, -IID, -IIE, and -IIF have no effect. Since purified surfactant protein A (SP-A) has been shown to inhibit sPLA(2)-IIA activity, we investigated the in vitro effect of SP-A on the other active sPLA(2) and the consequences of sPLA(2)-IIA inhibition by SP-A on surfactant phospholipid hydrolysis. SP-A inhibits sPLA(2)-X activity, but fails to interfere with that of sPLA(2)-V. Moreover, in vitro inhibition of sPLA(2)-IIA-induces surfactant phospholipid hydrolysis correlates with the concentration of SP-A in surfactant. Intratracheal administration of sPLA(2)-IIA to mice causes hydrolysis of surfactant phosphatidylglycerol. Interestingly, such hydrolysis is significantly higher for SP-A gene-targeted mice, showing the in vivo inhibitory effect of SP-A on sPLA(2)-IIA activity. Administration of sPLA(2)-IIA also induces respiratory distress, which is more pronounced in SP-A gene-targeted mice than in wild-type mice. We conclude that SP-A inhibits sPLA(2) activity, which may play a protective role by maintaining surfactant integrity during lung injury.
Composite structure development decisions using X-ray CT measurements (1995)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) provides measurement data useful for making composite manufacturing development decisions. X-ray CT measurements of material characteristics are quantitative in terms of the dimensions, density, and composition. The CT data on internal conditions, such as consolidation, gaps, delaminations, cracks, porosity and detail placement can be applied to the refinement of production techniques for composite manufacture. The key item of interest is the effect of variations in pressure loading, temperature, mold shape, material surface preparation, and bond layer thickness on the resulting consolidation or bondline quality in new composite manufacturing processes. X-ray CT measurements of densification and defect presence as a function of technique parameters are of critical importance to processes such as resin transfer molding, injection molding, composite welding, composite layup and advanced bonding methods.
Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Methods in Chemistry. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
l-DOPA-induced Dyskinesia is Associated with Regional Increase of Striatal Dynorphin Peptides as Elucidated by Imaging Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Opioid peptides are involved in various pathophysiological processes, including algesia, epilepsy, and drug dependence. A strong association between L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) and elevated prodynorphin mRNA levels has been established in both patients and in animal models of Parkinson's disease, but to date the endogenous prodynorphin peptide products have not been determined. Here, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used for characterization, localization, and relative quantification of striatal neuropeptides in a rat model of LID in Parkinson's disease. MALDI IMS has the unique advantage of high sensitivity and high molecular specificity, allowing comprehensive detection of multiple molecular species in a single tissue section. Indeed, several dynorphins and enkephalins could be detected in the present study, including dynorphin A(1-8), dynorphin B, α-neoendorphin, MetEnkRF, MetEnkRGL, PEnk (198-209, 219-229). IMS analysis revealed elevated levels of dynorphin B, α-neoendorphin, substance P, and PEnk (220-229) in the dorsolateral striatum of high-dyskinetic animals compared with low-dyskinetic and lesion-only control rats. Furthermore, the peak-intensities of the prodynorphin derived peptides, dynorphin B and α-neoendorphin, were strongly and positively correlated with LID severity. Interestingly, these LID associated dynorphin peptides are not those with high affinity to κ opioid receptors, but are known to bind and activate also μ- and Δ-opioid receptors. In addition, the peak intensities of a novel endogenous metabolite of α-neoendorphin lacking the N-terminal tyrosine correlated positively with dyskinesia severity. MALDI IMS of striatal sections from Pdyn knockout mice verified the identity of fully processed dynorphin peptides and the presence of endogenous des-tyrosine α-neoendorphin. Des-tyrosine dynorphins display reduced opioid receptor binding and this points to possible novel nonopioid receptor mediated changes in the striatum of dyskinetic rats. Because des-tyrosine dynorphins can only be detected by mass spectrometry, as no antibodies are available, these findings highlight the importance of MALDI IMS analysis for the study of molecular dynamics in neurological diseases.
ROLE OF INDIRECT ALLORECOGNITION IN EXPERIMENTAL LATE ACUTE REJECTION1,2 (1997)

Our results indicate that T cells primed via the indirect pathway are present during acute rejection that occurs after discontinuation of cyclosporine. Mixed lymphocyte reactivity is markedly reduced at this time. Furthermore, there is an association between such allopeptide-primed T cells and the elicitation of specific DTH responses and provision of help to B cells to produce alloantibodies and activation of CD8+ T cells to become effector cytotoxic cells.
Genomic determinants of sensitivity to bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2019)

200 Background: BAT is a promising treatment for CRPC and preclinical work has shown that its effects may be mediated by inducing DNA damage or cell cycle arrest. We sought to evaluate if mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes or cell cycle regulators were associated with improved outcomes. Methods: Biospecimens from CRPC patients enrolled to studies testing BAT underwent germline or somatic next-generation sequencing (NGS). Samples tested included plasma (i.e. cell-free DNA) (N = 79), tumor tissue (N = 21) and saliva (N = 10). A variety of clinical grade NGS platforms were generally used. Given the concern for false negatives, we excluded cases if plasma NGS did not reveal a somatic alteration. Absence of a germline alteration was not assumed to indicate absence of somatic alterations. Comparative analyses to assess candidate biomarkers of BAT efficacy were performed. Results: Most patients received BAT following one or more next generation hormonal therapy, while 6 received BAT as first-line CRPC therapy. Of 65 cases where a germline or somatic pathogenic alteration in any gene was detected, 30 (46%) had evidence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), with mutations found in BRCA2 (N = 10), ATM (N = 8), CHEK2 (N = 5), PALB2 (N = 4), CDK12 (N = 3), CHD1 (N = 2), FANCA (N = 1), FANCD2 (N = 1) and BRCA1 (N = 1). TP53 alterations were also common (27/65; 42%). HRD mutations associated with increased PSA50 responses, with a trend toward improved PSA50 responses in TP53 mutated cases too (Table). In a combined analysis, men with HRD and/or TP53 mutations had improved PSA50 responses and near-significant improvement in progression free survival (PFS). Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that BAT may be most efficacious in cancers harboring mutations in genes involved in DDR and/or cell cycle regulation. These results require prospective confirmation. [Table: see text]
Synthesis of substituted 10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenz[b,f]azepines; key synthons in syntheses of pharmaceutically active compounds (1999)

Abstract Substituted 10,11‐dihydro‐5 H ‐dibenz[ b,f ]azepines are key synthons in the syntheses of a number of pharmaceutically active compounds such as imipramine, chlorimipramine, and desimipramine analogues. A facile synthesis of substituted 10,11‐dihydro‐5 H ‐dibenz[ b,f ]azepines is described, starting out from com mercially available 2‐bromotoluenes or 2‐nitrotoluenes. Initial α‐bromination with N ‐bromosuccinimide and subsequent reaction with triethylphosphite afforded the corresponding benzyl phosphonic ester deriva tives. After reaction with benzaldehyde derivatives, the expected Horner‐Emmons reaction products were obtained. Hydrogenation gave the amino derivatives which were transformed into the corresponding formamides. Under Goldberg conditions [1], the final ring closing step was performed to give the substituted 10,11‐dihydro‐5 H ‐dibenz[ b,f ]azepines in 46–75% yield.
Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr. Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Mucus Overproduction in a Murine Model of Ovalbumin-Challenged Asthma (2021)

<i>Alnus hirsuta</i> (Spach) Rupr. (AH), a member of the Betulaceae family, is widely used in Eastern Asia of as a source of medicinal compounds for the treatment of hemorrhage, diarrhea, and alcoholism. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of a methanolic extract of AH branches against airway inflammation and mucus production in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma mouse model. Female BALB/c mice were injected with OVA (40 μg) and aluminum hydroxide (2 mg) on days 0 and 14 to induce allergic airway inflammation. The mice were then challenged with 1% OVA from days 21-23. Mice were treated with AH (50 and 100 mg/kg/day; 2% DMSO) or dexamethasone (positive control; 3 mg/kg/day) from days 18-23. AH treatment effectively attenuated airway resistance/hyperresponsiveness and reduced levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, eotaxins, and number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin E in serums of OVA-challenged mice. In histological analysis, AH treatment significantly inhibited airway inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged mice. AH treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha, p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (p65NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases with suppression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in lung tissue. Moreover, AH treatment decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2 cytokines, as well as MUC5AC expression, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65NF-κB in TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. These results indicate that AH might represent a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
PRODUCTION OF ACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY ISOLATED HUMAN CHONDROCYTES (1993)

The ability of isolated human chondrocytes to produce active oxygen species has been investigated. The two methods for determining H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals (.OH) production were, by a fluorimetric method (production of dichlorofluorescein from a precursor in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and H2O2) and by a chromatographic method (measurement of ethylene production from gamma-methiol-keto-butyric acid after .OH attack). Chondrocytes were tested, both with and without activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA: 10(-6) M), in the presence of Ca2+ (1 x 10(-4) M) and Mg2+ (2 x 10(-4) M) or after variable periods of anoxia under nitrogen (4 to 12 h) followed by reoxygenation (with 95% O2, 5% CO2). Under these experimental conditions, the PMA-excited chondrocytes produced from 80 to 180 nmol of hydrogen peroxide per 1 x 10(6) cells and chondrocytes subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation produced up to 1700 nmol H2O2 per 1 x 10(6) cells. The hydroxyl radical production by PMA or anoxia-reoxygenation excited cells reached 600% of the production of non-excited cells and 1300% when they were subjected to successive stimulations by PMA and anoxia-reoxygenation. The possible pathological significance of these observations is discussed. The results indicate that stimulated human chondrocytes are capable of producing active oxygen species which could play a major role in joint inflammation and cartilage damage.
Automated Hexahedral Mesh Generation Applications in Limb Prosthetics from Biomedical Image (1996)

A general method to generate hexahedral meshes for finite element analysis of residual limbs and similar biomedical geometries is presented. The method utilizes skeleton-based sub- division of cross-sectional domains to produce simple subdomains in which structured meshes are easily generated. Application to a below-knee residual limb and external prosthetic socket is described. The residual limb was modeled as consisting of bones, soft tissue, andl skin. The prosthetic socket model comprised a socket wall with an inner liner. The geometries of these structures were defined using axial cross-sectional contour data from X-ray computed tomography, optical scanning, and mechanical surface digitization. A tubular surface representation, using B-splines to define the directrix and generator, is shown to be convenient for definition of the structure geometries. Conversion of cross- sectional data to the compact tubular surface representation is direct, and the analytical representation simplifies geometric querying and numerical optimization within the mesh generation algorithms. The element meshes remain geometrically accurate since boundary nodes are constrained to lie on the tubular surfaces. Several element meshes of increasing mesh density were generated for two residual limbs and prosthetic sockets. Conver- gence testing demonstrated that approximately 19 elements are required along a circumference of the residual limb surface for a simple lineair elastic model. A model with the fibula absent compared with the same geometry with the fibula present showed differences suggesting higher distal stresses in the absence of the fibula. Automated hexahedral mesh generation algorithms for sliced data represent an advancement in prosthetic stress analysis since they allow rapid modeling of any given residual limb and optimization off mesh parameters.
Industrial Carbon-Coated Current Collectors Grades for Higher Energy and Power Density Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Electric mobility and renewable energy storage became very challenging and will continue growing up in interest on the next decades. Lithium-ion batteries are one of the most acclaimed devices to treat these problematics and constant developments on this technology aim to achieve higher specific energy density and specific power in order to fit numerous applications. Since the beginning of research on lithium ion energy storage devices, a large part of studies focus on the optimization of electrolytes, active materials and also, but more recently, on the electrode formulation. Although they are effective ways to improve these systems performances, they usually put aside the current collectors influence. However, several shortened lifetime, failures, or reduced performance can be ascribed to the metallic current collector. We can take as an example the electrode delamination [1], the metallic corrosion [2] or the electrical contact resistivity between the current collector and the electrode [3]. To avoid these problems, a conductive and protective coating of the metallic current collector (fig.1) can be added to obtain a better interface between the electrode and its substrate. In the present work, various types of carbon-coated aluminum current collectors for positive electrodes will be presented and compared to bare aluminum foils. Their characteristics such as physical properties, ageing on electrolyte, electrode affinity and electrical resistivity will be presented. The electrochemical performance will be assessed in full cells with a LiFePO4 – PVdF positive electrode, graphite negative electrode and carbonate-based electrolyte with LiPF 6 . Results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, C-rate capability and cycling experiments will be discussed. By reducing the carbon content of electrode, the bare aluminum shows a raising internal resistance by more than a factor two, an optimized coated current collector allows containing a smaller value. With a low carbon content in the electrode formulation, the capacity retention is about only 40% for bare aluminum system, and 60% for a coated current collector after 500 cycles in severe cycling conditions. These results show that an improvement of energy density and power capability are possible with an adapted coated current collector. [1] S. Lee, E-S. Oh, J. Power Sources 244 (2013) 721-725. [2] I. Doberdò, N. Löffler, N. Laszczynski, et Al . , , J. Power Sources 248 (2014), 1000-1006. [3] S. Wennig, U. Langklotz, G-M. Prinz, et Al., J. Appl. Electrochem 45 (2015), 1043-1055. Figure 1
Achieving High Quantum Efficiency Narrow-Band β-Sialon:Eu2+ Phosphors for High-Brightness LCD Backlights by Reducing the Eu3+ Luminescence Killer (2017)

β-Sialon:Eu2+ has been reported to be the most promising narrow-band green phosphor for wide color gamut LCD backlights, but the coexistence of the Eu3+ luminescence killer with the Eu2+ luminescence center limits its luminescence performance to a great extent. In this study, we propose a direct reduction strategy to successfully realize the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ and, finally, increase the effective concentration of Eu2+ in the crystal lattice and greatly minimize the amount of Eu3+ on the particle surface. As a result, the luminescence of treated β-sialon:Eu2+ is enhanced by 2.3 times, and the internal quantum efficiency significantly increases from 52.2 to 96.5%. The mechanisms for such large enhancements in luminescence are clarified by investigating the microstructure, luminescence spectra, valence state, concentration, and distribution of Eu using a variety of chemical analyses. We find that the low efficiency is ascribed to the coexistence of the Eu3+ luminescence killer with the Eu2+ luminescence center. The white LED backlight using the treated β-sialon:Eu2+ demonstrates a high luminous efficacy of 136 lm W–1 (22.5% up) and a wide color gamut (∼96% National Television System Committee standard (NTSC)), which thus promises high brightness and energy saving. We believe that the strategy proposed in this work would also work for other luminescent materials containing mixed valence of dopants.
An Optimal Scale for Edge Detection (1988)

Many problems in early vision are ill posed. Edge detection is a typical example. This paper applies regularization techniques to the problem of edge detection. We derive an optimal filter for edge detection with a size controlled by the regularization parameter $\lambda $ and compare it to the Gaussian filter. A formula relating the signal-to-noise ratio to the parameter $\lambda $ is derived from regularization analysis for the case of small values of $\lambda$. We also discuss the method of Generalized Cross Validation for obtaining the optimal filter scale. Finally, we use our framework to explain two perceptual phenomena: coarsely quantized images becoming recognizable by either blurring or adding noise.
Structure Determination of Mycolactone C via Total Synthesis. (2005)

By total synthesis, mycolactone C has been established as an approximately 1:1 mixture of &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;-Δ&lt;sup&gt;4‘5‘&lt;/sup&gt;- and &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;-Δ&lt;sup&gt;4‘5‘&lt;/sup&gt;-geometric isomers of C12‘-deoxymycolactones A and B.
Exponential Moving Average Normalization for Self-supervised and Semi-supervised Learning (2021)

We present a plug-in replacement for batch normalization (BN) called exponential moving average normalization (EMAN), which improves the performance of existing student-teacher based self- and semi-supervised learning techniques. Unlike the standard BN, where the statistics are computed within each batch, EMAN, used in the teacher, updates its statistics by exponential moving average from the BN statistics of the student. This design reduces the intrinsic cross-sample dependency of BN and enhances the generalization of the teacher. EMAN improves strong baselines for self-supervised learning by 4-6/1-2 points and semi-supervised learning by about 7/2 points, when 1%/10% supervised labels are available on ImageNet. These improvements are consistent across methods, network architectures, training duration, and datasets, demonstrating the general effectiveness of this technique. The code is available at https://github.com/amazon-research/exponential-moving-average-normalization.
Generalized Cost-Based Job Scheduling in Very Large Heterogeneous Cluster Systems (2020)

We study job assignment in large, heterogeneous resource-sharing clusters of servers with finite buffers. This load balancing problem arises naturally in today's communication and big data systems, such as Amazon Web Services, Network Service Function Chains, and Stream Processing. Arriving jobs are dispatched to a server, following a load balancing policy that optimizes a performance criterion such as job completion time. Our contribution is a randomized Cost-Based Scheduling (CBS) policy in which the job assignment is driven by general cost functions of the server queue lengths. Beyond existing schemes, such as the Join the Shortest Queue (JSQ), the power of d or the SQ(d) and the capacity-weighted JSQ, the notion of CBS yields new application-specific policies such as hybrid locally uniform JSQ. As today's data center clusters have thousands of servers, exact analysis of CBS policies is tedious. In this article, we derive a scaling limit when the number of servers grows large, facilitating a comparison of various CBS policies with respect to their transient as well as steady state behavior. A byproduct of our derivations is the relationship between the queue filling proportions and the server buffer sizes, which cannot be obtained from infinite buffer models. Finally, we provide extensive numerical evaluations and discuss several applications including multi-stage systems.
Gas Chromatography (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTGas ChromatographyFrank L. Dorman*, Edward B. Overton, Joshua J. Whiting, Jack W. Cochran, and Jorge Gardea-TorresdeyView Author Information Restek Corporation, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, and Chemistry Department, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania 16652 Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 Restek Corporation, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823 Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas 19968* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected].Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 12, 4487–4497Publication Date (Web):May 17, 2008Publication History Published online17 May 2008Published inissue 1 June 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac800714xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac800714xreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3028Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Modulators,Pest control Get e-Alerts