gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precipitation and Deposition of Aluminum Containing Species in Tank Wastes (2004)

Aluminum-containing phases represent the most prevalent solids that can appear or disappear during the processing of radioactive tank wastes. Processes such as sludge washing and leaching are designed to dissolve Al-containing phases and, thereby, minimize the volume of high-level waste glass required to encapsulate radioactive sludges. Unfortunately, waste-processing steps that include evaporation can involve solutions that are supersaturated with respect to cementitious aluminosilicates that result in unwanted precipitation and scale formation. Of all the constituents of tank waste, limited solubility cementitious aluminosilicates have the greatest potential for clogging pipes and transfer lines, fouling highly radioactive components such as ion exchangers, and completely shutting down processing operations. For instance, deposit buildup and clogged drain lines experienced during the tank waste volume-reduction process at Savannah River Site (SRS) required an evaporator to be shut down in October 1999. The Waste Processing Technology Section (WPTS) of Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) at SRS is now collaborating with team members from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to verify the thermodynamic stability of aluminosilicate compounds under waste tank conditions in an attempt to solve the deposition and clogging problems. The primary goals of this study are to understand the (1) the major factors controlling precipitation, heterogeneous nucleation and growth phenomena, of relatively insoluble aluminosilicates, (2) role of organics for inhibiting aluminosilicate formation, and (3) to develop a predictive tool to control precipitation, scale formation, and cementation under tank waste processing conditions. The results obtained from this will provide crucial information for (1) avoiding problematical sludge processing steps, and (2) identifying and developing effective technologies to process retrieved sludges and supernatants before ultimate vitrification of wastes.
The effect of surface wettability on the frictional condition for PVA roll brush (2013)

INTRODUCTION As the future size of semiconductor device rapidly shrinking, the surface contamination becomes the critical issues. Especially CMP process essentially contains nano-scale particles that must be removed before the next process. Typically PVA (PolyVinyl Acetal) brush is used for cleaning such contaminations. However the mechanisms of brush cleaning are still under discussion. Hydrodynamic drag force, direct contact of brush, and so on, have been proposed as a cleaning mechanisms [1-5]. Recently, we measured the shear and normal forces due to PVA brush rotation and evaluated the coefficient of friction [6]. The results indicate that the coefficient of friction shows relatively large value and the value is decreased as the rotation speed increased. This suggests that the tribological contact condition between the brush and surface are outside of the fluid lubrication regime. In this study, we change the wettability of the surfaces and measure the coefficient of friction between surface and PVA brush. We discuss the effect of water existing inside and around the brush on the contact condition.
Electrochemical Kinetics and Safety of 2-Volt Class Li-Ion Battery System Using Lithium Titanium Oxide Anode (2008)

Microvoltammograms of a single particle of lithium titanium oxide (LTO, ) spinel were interpreted using a core-shell model in the spinel∕rock-salt two-phase transition process. Lithium insertion into the particle was controlled by the diffusion in LTO rock-salt structure outlayer. The quick charging was effectively enhanced by reducing the LTO particle size. Lithium extraction from the particle was significantly affected by the charge transfer on the LTO spinel outlayer rather than by the diffusion of lithium ions. The discharge speed during the internal short-circuit abuse test connecting with the LTO anode was 3 orders of magnitude slower than that with graphite anode. At the internal short-circuit point, transformation to the low electron-conductive LTO spinel phase will work to suppress the rapid extension of internal short circuit reaction. A class lithium-ion battery system using the LTO anode had a high output and input power density of for a pulse condition. Quick-charging performance showed 80% of the full capacity in . It was demonstrated that the class lithium-ion battery system exhibited excellent high power and quick charging with outstanding safety characteristics by using the LTO anode.
Ein Calix[4]arenoporphyrin (1997)

Alle vier Porphyrineinheiten auf der gleichen Seite ‐ das ist die überraschende Konformation, die das Calixaren 1 einnimmt. Die Verbindung liegt im Kristall in einer dimeren “Zahnradstruktur” vor, in der π‐Stapelung das dominierende strukturprägende Merkmal ist. magnified image
Design, fabrication and characterization of subwavlength based slab lens in Silicon (2006)

We experimentally demonstrate a novel slab lens realized by etching 1-D subwavelength periodic structures into a Silicon slab. A graded index profile is achieved by gradually modifying the duty cycle of the structure.
Variations of Apgar score of very low birth weight infants in different neonatal intensive care units (2009)

There is considerable variation in assigning Apgar scores. Definitions are required to apply the Apgar score to infants under clinical conditions such as preterm delivery, resuscitation or artificial ventilation.
Reconstruction of HOT curves from image sequences (2002)

An approach is presented for reconstructing two types of 3-D higher order tangency (HOT) curves from a sequence of images. These curves are useful for object recognition. The reconstruction results for bitangents are encouraging in comparison to those of inflections. They are probably more accurately reconstructed because they are readily located in images, and their common tangent is very accurately estimated from the point locations. This makes bitangents a good feature choice for recognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bacterial Lipoprotein-Based Vaccines Induce Tumor Necrosis Factor-Dependent Type 1 Protective Immunity againstLeishmania major (2002)

Immunity against Leishmania major requires rapid induction of a type 1 immune response in which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays an essential role. Hence, vaccination strategies that simulate the protective immune response found in hosts that have recovered from natural infection provide a rational approach to combat leishmaniasis. One method for optimizing the qualitative and quantitative immune responses after vaccination is to use an adjuvant. In this study we demonstrate that the OprI lipoprotein (L-OprI) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces a long-term cellular (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma]) and humoral (immunoglobulin G2a) type 1 immune response against a truncated 32-kDa version (COOHgp63) of the 63-kDa major cell surface glycoprotein gp63. By contrast, immunization with COOHgp63 either fused to OprI nonlipoprotein or with no adjuvant did not result in the induction of type 1 immune responses. The adjuvanticity of L-OprI is strongly dependent on its capacity to induce TNF-alpha, since generation of type 1 immune responses is clearly delayed and impaired in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice. Vaccination with L-OprICOOHgp63 fusion protein protected BALB/c mice against L. major infection for at least 19 weeks. Vaccinated mice were largely free of lesions or clearly controlled lesion size on termination of the experiment. The control of disease progression in mice vaccinated with L-OprICOOHgp63 was associated with enhancement of antigen-specific IFN-gamma production. These data indicate that bacterial lipoproteins constitute appropriate adjuvants to include in vaccines against diseases in which type 1 immune responses are important for protection.
Analysis of Harrington limit for electrically small antenna directivity (2014)

Harrington has demonstrated a relation which links antenna directivity and size. This relationship has been calculated considering lossless antennas and represents the antenna directivity limit. In the case of electrically small antennas, this limit does not respect the directivity definition with a negative value (dB, maximum D <; 1 in linear scale) when 2r/A <; 0.13 and does not converges to the directivity of the infinitesimal Huygens source. In this paper, a renormalization of the Harrington limit is proposed to fulfill both directivity definition and physical behavior in the case of electrically small antennas.
On Investigating the Thermomechanical Properties of Cross-linked Epoxy Via Molecular Dynamics Analysis (2016)

In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of a computational approach based on first principles for estimating various thermomechanical quantities of a cross-linked epoxy resin. In particular, this work is focused on determining estimated values of the variation in glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, volume shrinkage due to curing, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, yield strength, and viscosity as a function of temperature and degree of curing via molecular dynamics simulations. In most cases it has been demonstrated that the values predicted by the proposed approach are in good agreement with the respective experimentally measured values. In addition, the validity of the proposed models describing the dependence of the thermomechanical quantities on temperature and curing degree is examined. Throughout this study, we demonstrate that the molecular dynamics–based computational predictive framework can serve as an excellent infrastructure that can enable numerical prediction of materials properties and thereby can reduce the costs of associated with physical experimentation. In addition, we demonstrate that insightful information can be generated at the molecular and microscopic scales that is not easily extractable from experiments.
Photothermal Temperature Control of a Chemical Reaction on a Microchip Using an Infrared Diode Laser (2001)

We have demonstrated that a miniaturized device with IR laser heating of the solvent, based on a photothermal effect, is capable of fast and localized control of an enzymatic reaction on a microchip under flow conditions. Using noncontact spectroscopic temperature-sensing techniques, we measured temperature dynamics and spatial distribution and compared the measurements with results of numerical simulation analysis. The device was operated at ultrafast heating and cooling rates of 67 and 53 degrees C/s, respectively, which is 30 times faster than conventional systems and 3-6 times faster than electrothermal miniaturized thermocyclers. The IR laser-mediated heater is characterized by a significantly reduced heated volume of only 5 nL, compared to existing chip-based systems with electrothermal heating. Direct heating of a sample with extremely small heat capacity led us to a fast heating rate, and efficient heat removal through heat transfer to the glass substrate resulted in a fast cooling rate. Reproducible temperature levels with dwell times shorter than 0.5 s were achieved. The enzyme reaction on a chip was successfully controlled with 0.6-s time resolution, using periodic photothermal heating by IR laser. The IR diode laser is compact and thus suits well the miniaturized system design. Our work gives the basis for integration in a chip format of a variety of chemical processes that require fast temperature control.
SFP: Providing System Call Flow Protection against Software and Fault Attacks (2023)

With the improvements in computing technologies, edge devices in the Internet-of-Things have become more complex. The enabler technology for these complex systems are powerful application core processors with operating system support, such as Linux. While the isolation of applications through the operating system increases the security, the interface to the kernel poses a new threat. Different attack vectors, including fault attacks and memory vulnerabilities, exploit the kernel interface to escalate privileges and take over the system. In this work, we present SFP, a mechanism to protect the execution of system calls against software and fault attacks providing integrity to user-kernel transitions. SFP provides system call flow integrity by a two-step linking approach, which links the system call and its origin to the state of control-flow integrity. A second linking step within the kernel ensures that the right system call is executed in the kernel. Combining both linking steps ensures that only the correct system call is executed at the right location in the program and cannot be skipped. Furthermore, SFP provides dynamic CFI instrumentation and a new CFI checking policy at the edge of the kernel to verify the control-flow state of user programs before entering the kernel. We integrated SFP into FIPAC, a CFI protection scheme exploiting ARM pointer authentication. Our prototype is based on a custom LLVM-based toolchain with an instrumented runtime library combined with a custom Linux kernel to protect system calls. The evaluation of micro- and macrobenchmarks based on SPEC 2017 show an average runtime overhead of 1.9 % and 20.6 %, which is only an increase of 1.8 % over plain control-flow protection. This small impact on the performance shows the efficiency of SFP for protecting all system calls and providing integrity for the user-kernel transitions.
Photonic crystals and their applications to efficient light emitters (2002)

When combined with high index contrast slabs in which light can be efficiently guided, microfabricated two-dimensional photonic bandgap mirrors provide us with the geometries needed to confine and concentrate light into extremely small volumes and to obtain very high field intensities. Fabrication of optical structures has now evolved to a precision which allows us to control light within such etched nanostructures. Sub-wavelength nano-optic cavities can be used for efficient and flexible control over both emission wavelength and frequency, and nanofabricated optical waveguides can be used for efficient coupling of light between devices. The reduction of the size of optical components leads to their integration in large numbers and the possibility to combine different functionalities on a single chip. We show uses of such crystals in functional nonlinear optical devices, such as lasers, modulators, add/drop filters, polarizers and detectors.
SHy-Cam: a Single-shot Hyperspectral Phasor Camera for fast, multi-color fluorescence microscopy (2022)

Abstract Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging improves multiplexed observations of biological samples by utilizing multiple color channels across the spectral range to compensate for spectral overlap between labels. Typically, spectral resolution comes at a cost of decreased detection efficiency, which both hampers imaging speed and increases photo-toxicity to the samples. Here, we present a high-speed, high-efficiency snapshot spectral acquisition method, based on optical compression of the fluorescence spectra via Fourier transform, that overcomes the challenges of discrete spectral sampling: S ingleshot Hy perspectral Phasor Cam era (SHy-Cam). SHy-Cam captures fluorescence spatial and spectral information in a single exposure with a standard scientific CMOS camera, with photon efficiency of over 80%, easily and acquisition rates exceeding 30 datasets per second, making it a powerful tool for multi-color in - vivo imaging. Its simple design, using readily available optical components, and its easy integration, provide a low-cost solution for multi-color fluorescence imaging with increased efficiency and speed.
Radio Over Fiber System for Uninterrupted High-Speed Railway Communications (2019)

We show the application of radio over fiber networks to high-speed train communication systems. Network control by optical path switching realizes handover-free uninterrupted signal transmission for the car traveling at 240 km/h.
36.2: Transposed Scanning: The Way to Realize Super‐Slim CRTs (2001)

Abstract The evolutionary path of increasing the deflection angle in order to reduce the depth of wide‐screen CRTs runs into severe difficulties beyond deflection angles of 120°. We show that transposing the scan direction alleviates most of the difficulties, and enables super‐slim CRTs with deflection angles up to 135°.
Hardware-Based Aging Mitigation Scheme for Memory Address Decoder (2019)

Designers typically add design margins to memories to compensate for their aging. As the aging impact increases with technology scaling, bigger margins become necessary. However, this negatively impacts area, yield, performance, and power consumption. Alternatively, mitigation schemes can be used to reduce the impact of aging. This paper proposes a hardware-based mitigation scheme for the memory's address decoder logic. The scheme is based on adapting the decoder's workload during idle cycles by stressing the short paths and putting long paths into relaxation. Thanks to the adapted workload, the impact of aging on the address decoder is reduced, resulting in a more reliable memory. To validate the benefit of the mitigation scheme, the decoder's degradation of the L1 data and instruction caches for an ARM v8-a processor is analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed mitigation scheme reduces the degradation of the decoder's timing margin with up to 4.1x at negligible area and no more than 3% power overhead.
Hydroxy‐Heterodimetallkomplexe: [Re3(CO)9(μ2‐OH)3(μ3‐OH)]− als dreizähniger Ligand (1996)

Zwei über ein gemeinsames Metallatom verknüpfte Würfel(1) entstehen bei der Umsetzung des neuartigen Tripodliganden [{Re(CO) 3 ) 3 (OH) 4 ] − mit den entsprechenden M II ‐Salzen. In Kristallen von 1 liegen ausgedehnte Schichten vor, deren Strukturen von der jeweiligen M II ‐Koordinationssphäre bestimmt werden. M = Cu, Mn, • = Re(CO) 3 ; Gegenion: NEt 4 + . magnified image
Incidental cardiac findings on cardiovascular MRI obtained prior to atrial fibrillation ablation can affect patient management (2014)

Background Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is an effective treatment for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Cardiovascular MR (CMR) may be obtained preprocedurally to assess pulmonary vein (PV) anatomy and be incorporated into electroanatomical mapping. Previous studies have reported the prevalence of incidental non-cardiac findings on CMR. Few, however, have documented the prevalence of incidental cardiac findings (ICFs) on clinical CMR. These findings represent clinically significant entities that can often alter ablation strategy and change patient management.
Full-vectorial finite element beam propagation method with perfectly matched layers for anisotropic optical waveguides (2001)

Perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions are incorporated into the full-vectorial beam propagation method (BPM) based on a finite element scheme for the three-dimensional (3-D) anisotropic optical waveguide analysis. In the present approach, edge elements based on linear-tangential and quadratic-normal vector basis functions are used for the transverse field components. To show the validity and usefulness of this approach, numerical examples are shown for Gaussian beam propagation in proton-exchanged LiNbO/sub 3/ optical waveguides. Numerical accuracy of the present PML boundary condition is investigated in detail by comparing the results with those of the conventional absorbing boundary condition (ABC).
Assessment of Metrological Characteristics of Calibration Systems for Accuracy vs. Temperature Verification of Voltage Transformer (2017)

In this paper authors present the result of a study oriented to assess the metrological characteristics of measuring systems used for verifying the variation of the ratio errors and phase displacements of inductive voltage transformers vs. temperature. Experimental results show that the designed equipment as well as the set up realized can be considered as a benchmark for the verification of the variations of ratio errors and phase displacements of up to 0.1-accuracy class voltage transformers vs. temperature. In addition, the sources that more contribute to the uncertainties on the ratio and phase errors have been investigated and discussed in the paper along with suggestions on where to act to further improve the accuracy of the presented set up.
Wideband Multi-Arm Bowtie Antenna for Millimeter Wave Electro-Optic Sensors and Receivers (2018)

We propose and demonstrate a novel design of a multi-arm bowtie antenna (MABA) able to provide wideband field enhancement (FE). The FE is a looked-for parameter of antennas in an integrated electro-optic (EO) communication and sensing applications. In the proposed MABA, the paralleled arms with different lengths and flare angles provide multiple resonance frequencies. By tailoring these resonance frequencies adequately close to each other, a wide range of frequencies with high FE is achieved and the intrinsic limitation of conventional bowtie antennas (BAs) in this regard is overcome. The proposed MABA is designed at the center frequency of 66.2 GHz and fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate with 1.69 mm × 0.21 mm dimensions. Simulation and measurement results show about 40° beamwidth and 63.4-dB FE peak with 27 GHz bandwidth, which is three times larger than the bandwidth of a conventional BA, as the most commonly used antenna for this application, on the same substrate. A figure of merit (FoM) is proposed to study the performance of antennas for integrated EO applications approximately independent from the effects of substrate, operating frequency, and optical parts. The FoM is calculated and a comparison is presented for different state-of-the-art antennas in literature showing more than 2 times better performance of the proposed MABA.
Energy band-alignment of a multimetal-layer gated metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (2009)

The energy band-alignment of a multimetal-layer gated metal-oxide-semiconductor structure is investigated. An analytical expression for the Fermi level of the metal stack is derived. It is shown that the thin metal layer contacting the gate dielectric plays a critical role in determining the work function of the whole metal stack, in agreement with experimental results.
On the Correlation Between Textual Content and Geospatial Locations in Microblogs (2014)

Microblogs allow users to publish geo-tagged posts---short textual messages assigned to a geographic location. Users send posts from places they visit and discuss an idiosyncratic mixture of personal and general topics. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the locations and the textual content of posts will be unique and will identify the posting user, to some extent. This raises the question whether there is a correlation between the locations of posts and their content. Are users who are similar from the geospatial perspective (i.e., who send messages from nearby locations) also similar from the textual perspective (i.e., send messages with similar textual content)? Do posts with similar content have a spatial distribution similar to that of any random set of posts? We present a study that focuses on these questions. We provide statistical tests to examine the correlation between textual content and geospatial locations in tweets. We show that although there is some correlation between locations and textual content, they provide different similarity measures, and combining these two properties for identification of users by their posts outperforms methods that merely use locations or only use the textual content, for identification.