gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative decision-directed path search and channel estimation for multi-carrier/DS-CDMA broadband packet wireless access (2002)

This paper proposes an iterative timing detection of multipath components for coherent Rake combing (path search) and channel estimation method in multi-carrier/DS-CDMA (MC/DS-CDMA) broadband packet wireless access, such as 20 Mbps packet transmission over a 100 MHz bandwidth, including single-carrier/DS-CDMA (SC/DS-CDMA). In the proposed method, while the initial path search and channel estimation are calculated using only time-multiplexed pilot symbols at the beginning of a packet, their results are refined by repeating the path search and channel estimation using both pilot and decision-directed data symbols. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the measured required average received E/sub b//N/sub 0/ for achieving the average packet error rate (PER)=10/sup -2/ can be improved by approximately 1.2, 1.3, 2.0, and 2.1 dB for the number of sub-carriers N/sub c/=1(SC/DS-CDMA), 4, 8, and 16, respectively, in an equal level 24-path Rayleigh fading channel, when the number of pilot symbols is 64 and the number of iterations is 1.
Detection of elastic and optical contrasts in tissue mimicking phantoms based on the interaction of coherent laser light and transient displacements caused by the acoustic radiation force (2008)

We recently demonstrated experimentally the possibility to optically detect transient perturbations generated by the acoustic radiation force, applied several centimetres deep in a tissue-mimicking phantom [Bossy et al., APL 90(17), 2007]. We proposed a detection scheme based on the transient decorrelation (millisecond time scale) of optical speckle patterns formed by coherent laser light that propagates through the phantom during the application of the radiation force. We demonstrated that this approach allows to detect optical contrasts embedded several centimetres deep in the phantom, based on the time-evolution of the correlation coefficient during the transient motion of the medium. In the present work, we demonstrate that this approach also allows the detection of shear mechanical contrast. Moreover, the shape of the observed decorrelation curve provides a way to discriminate between an optical contrast and a shear mechanical contrast. We are now currently investigating the feasibility of detecting with spatial resolution the propagation of a shear wave, based on its effect on localized acousto-optic interaction.
Harmonically Tuned Continuous Class-C Operation Mode for Power Amplifier Applications (2014)

This paper presents the broadband class-C mode of operation, termed the “continuous class-C”, which is an extension of a standard class-C design but with the optimum fundamental and second harmonic terminations now forming a continuous arrangement of load impedances on the Smith chart. With the generic drain current waveform depending on the amplifier conduction angle, and by using the well-established continuous class-B (class-J) voltage waveforms, a set of closed-form equations for the fundamental and second harmonic impedances are derived. These provide a wide impedance design space to realize broadband class-C power amplifiers (PAs) with the constant output power, gain and efficiency over a significant bandwidth. The continuous class-C mode is subdivided into low- and high-power modes for which load impedance, output power and drain efficiency ratios are found and compared to those of the continuous class-B. New design spaces are graphically shown for both class-C modes. The proposed continuous class-C concepts are validated experimentally with on-wafer load pull measurements of an integrated 8×50 μm, ~ 1 W, 20 V GaN MMIC transistor. The proposed theory is also applied in simulations of power amplifiers operating in continuous class-B and continuous class-C modes.
Micromachined Gyros for Automotive Applications (2006)

Micro machined gyros are key elements in several automotive systems, thus enabling highly sophisticated applications like roll over detection and mitigation, navigation systems, electronic stability program (ESP) and other future vehicle stabilizing and dynamics control systems. New automotive systems are demanding higher accuracy, better signal to noise ratio, higher robustness and insensitivity against external perturbations, better system availability and reliability as well as easy application of the gyro. This paper is presenting the recent development, now the third generation of micromachined angular rate sensors at Robert Bosch GmbH. Mass production was started in spring 2005. These surface micromachined gyroscopes exhibit outstanding performance compared to similar designs
Facial Layer-by-Layer Engineering of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: Near-Infrared-Initiated Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Tracking and Overcoming Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer (2017)

Development of multidrug resistance (MDR) contributes to the majority of treatment failures in clinical chemotherapy. We report facial layer-by-layer engineered upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for near-infrared (NIR)-initiated tracking and delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to enhance chemotherapy efficacy by silencing the MDR1 gene and resensitizing resistant ovarian cancer cells to drug. Layer-by-layer engineered UCNPs were loaded with MDR1 gene-silencing siRNA (MDR1-siRNA) by electrostatic interaction. The delivery vehicle enhances MDR1-siRNA cellular uptake, protects MDR1-siRNA from nuclease degradation, and promotes endosomal escape for silencing the MDR gene. The intrinsic photon upconversion of UCNPs provides an unprecedented opportunity for monitoring intracellular attachment and release of MDR1-siRNA by NIR-initiated fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurs between donor UCNPs and acceptor fluorescence dye-labeled MDR1-siRNA. Enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy in vitro was demonstrated by cell viability assay. The developed delivery vehicle holds great potential in delivery and imaging-guided tracking of therapeutic gene targets for effective treatment of drug-resistant cancers.
Morphogenetic Study of Particle Domains in Thermoreversible Recording Media Composed of Polymeric Films with Dispersed Fatty Acids (1997)

We have studied the morphogenetic conditions of particle domains in thermoreversible recording media composed of polymeric films with dispersed fatty acids. These recording media have two different optical states, transparent or light scattering, depending on the thermal history. These states can be selected repeatedly by controlling the heating temperature and can be recycled repeatedly. The essential requirement for this reversible behavior is the formation of small particle domains of the fatty acids, because a supercooling of the fatty acids occurs only when the small particle domains have been formed and plays a key role in the thermoreversibility. Morphological structures in the polymeric films formed using various polymers and behenic acid were observed by a transmission electron microscope. On the other hand, the surface tension of the polymers and the fatty acids was measured by the contact angle method. By studying the relationship between the morphological structures and the surface tension, it was revealed that proper immiscibility between the polymers and the fatty acids is required for forming the small particle domains of the fatty acids in the polymeric film. We also report on the influence of the solvent on forming the particle domains.
Branched Diol Monomers from the Sequential Hydrogenation of Renewable Carboxylic Acids (2016)

Abstract A prominent challenge in replacing petrochemical polymers with bioderived alternatives is the efficient transformation of biomass into useful monomers. In this work, we demonstrate a practical process for the synthesis of multifunctional alcohols from five‐ and six‐carbon acids using heterogeneous catalysts in aqueous media. Design of this process was guided by thermodynamic calculations, which indicate the need for two sequential high‐pressure hydrogenations: one, reduction of the acid to a lactone at high temperature; two, further reduction of the lactone to the corresponding diol or triol at low temperature. For example, the conversion of mesaconic acid into (α or β)‐methyl‐γ‐butyrolactone was achieved with 95 % selectivity at a turnover frequency of 1.2 min −1 over Pd/C at 240 °C. Subsequent conversion of (α or β)‐methyl‐γ‐butyrolactone into 2‐methyl‐1,4‐butanediol was achieved with a yield of 80 % with Ru/C at 100 °C. This process is an efficient method for the production of lactones, diols, and triols, all valuable monomers for the synthesis of bioderived branched polyesters.
Evaluation of the recombinant 38-kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a potential immunodiagnostic reagent (1997)

The diagnosis of infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is of increased public health concern following increases in the number of cases in developed countries and major increases in developing countries associated with the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The specificity of purified protein derivative skin testing for the detection of infection is compromised by exposure to environmental mycobacteria. Examination of sputum detects the most infectious patients, but not those with extrapulmonary disease. The 38-kDa antigen of M. tuberculosis contains two M. tuberculosis-specific B-cell epitopes. We overexpressed the gene for this antigen in Escherichia coli and evaluated the recombinant product in in vitro assays of T-cell function and as a target for the antibody response in humans. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen as a skin test reagent were also assessed in outbred guinea pigs. We found that 69% of healthy sensitized humans recognize the antigen in vitro, as manifested by both cell proliferation and the production of gamma interferon. Untreated patients initially have a lower frequency of response (38%); this recovers to 72% during therapy. A total of 292 patients (20 with HIV coinfection) and 58 controls were examined for production of antibody to the 38-kDa antigen by using a commercially available kit. The sensitivity of the test in comparison with that of culture was 72.6%, and the specificity was 94.9%. The antigen was also tested for its ability to induce skin reactions in outbred guinea pigs sensitized by various mycobacterial species. The antigen provoked significant skin reactions in M. tuberculosis-, M. bovis BCG-, and M. intracellulare-sensitized animals. The significance of these findings and the usefulness of this antigen in immunodiagnosis are discussed.
Exome-wide association studies in general and long-lived populations identify genetic variants related to human age (2020)

SUMMARY Aging is characterized by degeneration in cellular and organismal functions leading to increased disease susceptibility and death. Although our understanding of aging biology in model systems has increased dramatically, large-scale sequencing studies to understand human aging are now just beginning. We applied exome sequencing and association analyses (ExWAS) to identify age-related variants on 58,470 participants of the DiscovEHR cohort. Linear Mixed Model regression analyses of age at last encounter revealed variants in genes known to be linked with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, which are associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, as top signals in our analysis, suggestive of age-related somatic mutation accumulation in hematopoietic cells despite patients lacking clinical diagnoses. In addition to APOE , we identified rare DISP2 rs183775254 (p = 7.40×10 −10 ) and ZYG11A rs74227999 (p = 2.50×10 −08 ) variants that were negatively associated with age in either both sexes combined and females, respectively, which were replicated with directional consistency in two independent cohorts. Epigenetic mapping showed these variants are located within cell-type-specific enhancers, suggestive of important transcriptional regulatory functions. To discover variants associated with extreme age, we performed exome-sequencing on persons of Ashkenazi Jewish descent ascertained for extensive lifespans. Case-Control analyses in 525 Ashkenazi Jews cases (Males ≥ 92 years, Females ≥ 95years) were compared to 482 controls. Our results showed variants in APOE (rs429358, rs6857), and TMTC2 (rs7976168) passed Bonferroni-adjusted p-value, as well as several nominally-associated population-specific variants. Collectively, our Age-ExWAS, the largest performed to date, confirmed and identified previously unreported candidate variants associated with human age.
Distributed Gradient Methods for Nonconvex Optimization: Local and Global Convergence Guarantees (2020)

The article discusses distributed gradient-descent algorithms for computing local and global minima in nonconvex optimization. For local optimization, we focus on distributed stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD)--a simple network-based variant of classical SGD. We discuss local minima convergence guarantees and explore the simple but critical role of the stable-manifold theorem in analyzing saddle-point avoidance. For global optimization, we discuss annealing-based methods in which slowly decaying noise is added to D-SGD. Conditions are discussed under which convergence to global minima is guaranteed. Numerical examples illustrate the key concepts in the paper.
Production of Trichoderma reesei cellulases on glucose-containing media (1995)

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei was shown to secrete active cellobiohydrolase I and the endoglucanase I catalytic core domain into the culture medium when the fungus was grown on glucose-containing medium. The expression of the proteins was driven by the promoters of the elongation factor 1 alpha, tef1, and the unidentified gene for cDNA1. The cDNA1 promoter gave the best yields. The highest amounts of cellobiohydrolase I and the endoglucanase I core, being 50 to 100 mg/liter, accounted for more than half of the total protein secreted by the fungus. The levels obtained with the tef1 promoter were 20 to 50 times lower.
<title>Brownian strings: segmenting images with stochastically deformable contours</title> (1994)

This paper describes an image segmentation technique in which an arbitrarily shaped contour was deformed stochastically until it fitted around an object of interest. The evolution of the contour was controlled by a simulated annealing process which caused the contour to settle into the global minimum of an image-derived 'energy' function. The non-parametric energy function was derived from the statistical properties of previously-segmented images, thereby incorporating prior experience. Since the method was based on a state space search for the contour with the best global properties, it was stable in the presence of image errors which confound segmentation techniques based on local criteria such as connectivity. However, unlike 'snakes' and other active contour approaches, the new method could handle arbitrarily irregular contours in which each inter-pixel crack represented an independent degree of freedom. The method was illustrated by using it to find the brain surface in magnetic resonance head images, to identify the epicardial surface in magnetic resonance cardiac images, and to track blood vessels in angiograms.
Synergistic defect- and interfacial-engineering of a Bi2S3-based nanoplate network for high-performance photoelectrochemical solar water splitting (2022)

Successful modulation of photoelectrochemical performance of Bi 2 S 3 nanowalls was achieved by a synergistic defect- and interface-engineering strategy, which renders significantly improved charge separation and transfer efficiency in water splitting.
Tristetraprolin Overexpression in Non-hematopoietic Cells Protects Against Acute Lung Injury in Mice (2020)

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a mRNA binding protein that binds to adenylate-uridylate-rich elements within the 3' untranslated regions of certain transcripts, such as tumor necrosis factor (<i>Tnf</i>) mRNA, and increases their rate of decay. Modulation of TTP expression is implicated in inflammation; however, its role in acute lung inflammation remains unknown. Accordingly, we tested the role of TTP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. LPS-challenged TTP-knockout (TTP<sup>KO</sup>) mice, as well as myeloid cell-specific TTP-deficient (TTP<sup>myeKO</sup>) mice, exhibited significant increases in lung injury, although these responses were more robust in the TTP<sup>KO</sup>. Mice with systemic overexpression of TTP (TTP<sup>ΔARE</sup>) were protected from ALI, as indicated by significantly reduced neutrophilic infiltration, reduced levels of neutrophil chemoattractants, and histological parameters of ALI. Interestingly, while irradiated wild-type (WT) mice reconstituted with TTP<sup>KO</sup> hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) showed exaggerated ALI, their reconstitution with the TTP<sup>ΔARE</sup> HPCs mitigated ALI. The reconstitution of irradiated TTP<sup>ΔARE</sup> mice with HPCs from either WT or TTP<sup>ΔARE</sup> donors conferred significant protection against ALI. In contrast, irradiated TTP<sup>ΔARE</sup> mice reconstituted with TTP<sup>KO</sup> HPCs had exaggerated ALI, but the response was milder as compared to WT recipients that received TTP<sup>KO</sup> HPCs. Finally, the reconstitution of irradiated TTP<sup>KO</sup> recipient mice with TTP<sup>ΔARE</sup> HPCs did not confer any protection to the TTP<sup>KO</sup> mice. These data together suggest that non-HPCs-specific overexpression of TTP within the lungs protects against ALI via downregulation of neutrophil chemoattractants and reduction in neutrophilic infiltration.
3D Printed Programmable Release Capsules (2015)

The development of methods for achieving precise spatiotemporal control over chemical and biomolecular gradients could enable significant advances in areas such as synthetic tissue engineering, biotic-abiotic interfaces, and bionanotechnology. Living organisms guide tissue development through highly orchestrated gradients of biomolecules that direct cell growth, migration, and differentiation. While numerous methods have been developed to manipulate and implement biomolecular gradients, integrating gradients into multiplexed, three-dimensional (3D) matrices remains a critical challenge. Here we present a method to 3D print stimuli-responsive core/shell capsules for programmable release of multiplexed gradients within hydrogel matrices. These capsules are composed of an aqueous core, which can be formulated to maintain the activity of payload biomolecules, and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA, an FDA approved polymer) shell. Importantly, the shell can be loaded with plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs), which permits selective rupturing of the capsule when irradiated with a laser wavelength specifically determined by the lengths of the nanorods. This precise control over space, time, and selectivity allows for the ability to pattern 2D and 3D multiplexed arrays of enzyme-loaded capsules along with tunable laser-triggered rupture and release of active enzymes into a hydrogel ambient. The advantages of this 3D printing-based method include (1) highly monodisperse capsules, (2) efficient encapsulation of biomolecular payloads, (3) precise spatial patterning of capsule arrays, (4) "on the fly" programmable reconfiguration of gradients, and (5) versatility for incorporation in hierarchical architectures. Indeed, 3D printing of programmable release capsules may represent a powerful new tool to enable spatiotemporal control over biomolecular gradients.
Structure–Activity Relationship Studies and Plasmodium Life Cycle Profiling Identifies Pan-Active N-Aryl-3-trifluoromethyl Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles Which Are Efficacious in an in Vivo Mouse Model of Malaria (2018)

Structure-activity relationship studies involving N-aryl-3-trifluoromethyl pyrido[1,2- a]benzimidazoles (PBI) identified several compounds possessing potent in vitro activities against the asexual blood, liver, and gametocyte stages of the Plasmodium parasite with no cross-resistance to chloroquine. Frontrunner lead compounds with good in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles were subjected to in vivo proof-of-concept studies in NMRI mice harboring the rodent P. berghei infection. This led to the identification of compounds 10 and 49, effecting 98% and 99.93% reduction in parasitemia with mean survival days of 12 and 14, respectively, at an oral dose of 4 × 50 mg/kg. In vivo pharmacokinetics studies on 10 revealed slow absorption, low volume of distribution, and low clearance profiles. Furthermore, this series displayed a low propensity to inhibit the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium ion channel whose inhibition is associated with cardiotoxicity.
Hybridization of a Metal–Organic Framework with a Two-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanosheet: Optimization of Functionality and Stability (2016)

An effective way to improve the functionalities and stabilities of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed by employing exfoliated metal oxide 2D nanosheets as matrix for immobilization. Crystal growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals on the surface of layered titanate nanosheets yields intimately coupled nanohybrids of ZIF-8-layered titanate. The resulting nanohybrids show much greater surface areas and larger pore volumes than do the pristine ZIF-8, leading to the remarkable improvement of the CO2 adsorption ability of MOF upon hybridization. Of prime importance is that the thermal- and hydrostabilities of ZIF-8 are significantly enhanced by a strong chemical interaction with the robust titanate nanosheet. A strong interfacial interaction between ZIF-8 and the layered titanate is verified by molecular mechanics simulations and spectroscopic analysis. The universal applicability of the present strategy for the coupling of MOFs and metal oxide nanosheets is substantiated by the stabilization of Ti-MOF-NH2 via the immobilization on exfoliated V2O5 nanosheets. The present study underscores that hybridization with metal oxide 2D nanosheets provides an efficient and universal synthetic route to novel MOF-based hybrid materials with enhanced gas adsorptivity and stability.
University of Illinois nuclear pumped laser program (1979)

The development of nuclear pumped lasers with improved efficiency, energy storage capability, and UF6 volume pumping is reviewed. Results of nuclear pumped laser experiments using a TRIGA-type pulsed reactor are outlined.
Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Callistemon Pinifolius and C. Salignus Leaf Essential Oils from the Northern Plains of India (2008)

Biological and chemical investigations were carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Callistemon pinifolius and C. salignus leaf oils for herbal medicines. Disk diffusion and micro broth dilution methods were used for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils against selected strains of bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli) and fungi ( Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, and Sporothrix schenckii). Analysis of the leaf essential oil of C. pinifolius and C. salignus using GC and GC-MS resulted in the identification of fifty five and fifty one compounds, respectively. 1,8-Cineole (39.1% and 40.8%), α-pinene (26.7% and 24.2%), and ( E)-β-terpineol (9.6% and 13.5%), were the major constituents. The isolated essential oils could be of use for the future development of antimicrobial agents.