gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the automaticity of reading: Electrophysiological recordings show that stroop words capture spatial attention. (2022)

Interference in the Stroop task is reduced when the word and color patch are placed at different locations and is diluted further by the presence of another distractor that is response neutral. Such dilution indicates that reading is not independent of an observer's attentional focus and thus is not a fully automatic process. So where does reading fall on the automaticity continuum? To address this question, we sought to determine whether an irrelevant word that appears abruptly in the field of view invariably draws attention to its location or whether observers can successfully ignore it while identifying a centrally presented target. In two experiments, electrical brain activity was recorded while healthy young adults participated in nonintegrated Stroop tasks. Irrelevant color words appearing randomly to the left or right of a target shape elicited an event-related potential component that reflects the spatial focusing of attention (posterior contralateral N2; N2pc). This N2pc was observed when participants discriminated the color of the target and when they discriminated the shape of the target. These findings demonstrate that color words reflexively capture spatial attention even when their meaning is unrelated to the task at hand. We conclude that although reading is not fully automatic, skilled readers cannot ignore words that appear abruptly in their field of view. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Advances in 6C seismology: Applications of combined translational and rotational motion measurements in global and exploration seismology (2018)

Over the past few decades, the potential of collocated measurements of 6C data (3C of translational and 3C of rotational motion) has been demonstrated in global seismology using high-sensitivity, observatory-based ring laser technology. Proposed applications of 6C seismology range from tomographic reconstruction of near-receiver structure to the reduction of nonuniqueness in seismic source inverse problems. Applications to exploration problems have so far been hampered by the lack of appropriate sensors, but several applications have been proposed and demonstrated with array-derived rotational motion estimates. With the recent availability of, for example, fiber-optic-based high-sensitivity rotational motion sensors, widespread applications of 6C techniques to exploration problems are in sight. Potential applications are based on, for example, the fact that the extended set of combined translational and rotational motion observations enables carrying out array-type processing with single-station recordings such as wavefield separation and surface-wave suppression. Furthermore, measuring the rotational component (curl) of the seismic wavefield enables direct isolation of the S-wave constituents and could significantly improve S-wave exploration. Rotational measurements provide estimates of the spatial wavefield gradient at the free surface that allow carrying out analyses such as local slowness estimation and wavefield reconstruction. Furthermore, rotational motion measurements can help to resolve wavefield infidelity introduced by seismic instruments that are not well-coupled to the ground.
Towards calibrating a pan-tilt-zoom camera network (2004)

In this paper we discuss the problem of recovering the calibration of a network of pan-tilt-zoom cameras. The intrinsic parameters of each camera over its full range of zoom settings are estimated through a two step procedure. We first determine the intrinsic parameters at the camera’s lowest zoom setting very accurately by capturing an extended panorama. Our model includes two parameters of radial distortion. The camera intrinsics and radial distortion parameters are then determined at discrete steps in a monotonically increasing zoom sequence that spans the full zoom range of the cameras. Both steps are fully automatic and do not assume any knowledge of the scene structure. We validate our approach by calibrating two different types of pan tilt zoom cameras placed in an outdoor environment. We also show the high-resolution panoramic mosaics built from the images captured during this process. We present an approach for accurate computation of the epipolar geometry based on the full panorama instead of individual image pairs. Finally, we briefly discuss how this can be used to compute the extrinsics for all the cameras and how our approach can be used in the context of active camera networks.
Organic photodetector arrays with indium tin oxide electrodes patterned using directly transferred metal masks (2009)

We demonstrate the patterning of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with submicron resolution onto both planar and hemispherical plastic surfaces using a process based on the direct transfer of a metal film etch mask via cold welding. Using this process, we fabricate an organic (copper phthalocyanine/C60) photodetector focal plane array on a hemispherical surface in an architecture that mimics the size and form of the human eye. The low absorption of the ITO anodes results in an increase in external quantum efficiency by up to 65% in the visible as compared with that of a previously demonstrated photodetector array with semitransparent Au anodes. The maximum photodetector detectivity is 1.25×1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1.
Dual Enzyme Multi-Layer Bioreactors: Analytical Modeling and Experimental Studies (1999)

Enzymic reactors are developed for a variety of biomedical-biotechnological applications, including blood detoxification. For the latter, an appropriate approach is to use enzymes of the Mercapturic Acid Pathway. The first two enzymes of this pathway are Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (gamma GT). Earlier, the performance of an immobilized GST reactor was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Here, the analytical model was extended to describe a dual-enzyme continuous packed-bed reactor (DCP), in which the two enzymes (E1 and E2) are arranged in alternating layers. The performance of DCP reactors was first studied by numerical simulations, considering the effects of reactor configuration (i.e. number of enzyme layers), kinetic characteristics (K(m), Vmax, Kiq) and operational parameters (flow rate, substrates concentration). Results were obtained in terms of substrate and products concentration profiles along the reactor. The theoretical calculation were supplemented by experimental studies. In the latter GST (i.e. E1) and gamma GT (i.e. E2), were used when immobilized on porous beads, and the reactor was set up and operated in various configurations. It was found that the factors which mostly affect the performance of DCP systems are reactor configuration and extent of inhibition of E1 by its reaction product.
Subacromial Bursa–Derived Cells Demonstrate High Proliferation Potential Regardless of Patient Demographics and Rotator Cuff Tear Characteristics (2020)

These findings may alleviate concerns that subacromial bursa might lose cellular proliferation potential when being used for biologic augmentation in massive and degenerated rotator cuff tears, thus assisting in predicting tendon healing and facilitating surgical decision-making.
Inter-centre variability of CT-based stopping-power prediction in particle therapy: Survey-based evaluation (2018)

Large inter-centre variability was found in implementation of CT scans, image reconstruction and especially in specification of the CT-to-SPR conversion. A future standardisation would reduce time-intensive institution-specific efforts and variations in treatment quality. Due to the interdependency of multiple parameters, no conclusion can be drawn on the derived SPR accuracy and its inter-centre variability.
Life Cycle Stage-resolved Proteomic Analysis of the Excretome/Secretome from Strongyloides ratti—Identification of Stage-specific Proteases (2011)

A wide range of biomolecules, including proteins, are excreted and secreted from helminths and contribute to the parasite's successful establishment, survival, and reproduction in an adverse habitat. Excretory and secretory proteins (ESP) are active at the interface between parasite and host and comprise potential targets for intervention. The intestinal nematode Strongyloides spp. exhibits an exceptional developmental plasticity in its life cycle characterized by parasitic and free-living generations. We investigated ESP from infective larvae, parasitic females, and free-living stages of the rat parasite Strongyloides ratti, which is genetically very similar to the human pathogen, Strongyloides stercoralis. Proteomic analysis of ESP revealed 586 proteins, with the largest number of stage-specific ESP found in infective larvae (196), followed by parasitic females (79) and free-living stages (35). One hundred and forty proteins were identified in all studied stages, including anti-oxidative enzymes, heat shock proteins, and carbohydrate-binding proteins. The stage-selective ESP of (1) infective larvae included an astacin metalloproteinase, the L3 Nie antigen, and a fatty acid retinoid-binding protein; (2) parasitic females included a prolyl oligopeptidase (prolyl serine carboxypeptidase), small heat shock proteins, and a secreted acidic protein; (3) free-living stages included a lysozyme family member, a carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme, and saponin-like protein. We verified the differential expression of selected genes encoding ESP by qRT-PCR. ELISA analysis revealed the recognition of ESP by antibodies of S. ratti-infected rats. A prolyl oligopeptidase was identified as abundant parasitic female-specific ESP, and the effect of pyrrolidine-based prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors showed concentration- and time-dependent inhibitory effects on female motility. The characterization of stage-related ESP from Strongyloides will help to further understand the interaction of this unique intestinal nematode with its host.
Optical byte recognition at 1.55 μm (1998)

An optical VanderLugt correlator for real time recognition of bytes at 1.55 micrometers is presented. The discrimination results with phase only filter are shown.
Dewetting Dynamics at a Polymer−Polymer Interface (1997)

We have studied the dynamics of dewetting at the interface between polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a function of the molecular weights of the two materials. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to follow the dewetting process and to image both the surface and interfacial structure in the vicinity of the growing holes. We determined the scaling behavior of the dewetting velocity as a function of the molecular weight of the dewetting species (PS). Different regimes are found depending on the PMMA molecular weight. For large PMMA molecular weights the dewetting velocity scales inversely with the PS viscosity, while for low PMMA molecular weights, the dewetting velocity is almost independent of the PS viscosity. The experimental data are in quantitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
Operations achievable with coherent optical information processing systems (1977)

Coherent optical information processing systems are well known to be capable of performing a certain limited class of operations, such as Fourier transformation, Fresnel transformation, and linear, space-invariant filtering. Recently, advances have been made in broadening the class of achievable operations to include nonlinear operations and space-variant linear filtering. In this paper we review the operations commonly achieved in the past, and discuss newer techniques which are capable of significantly extending the class of achievable operations.
Isozyme pattern in serially xenotransplanted childhood tumors. (1984)

Growth rate, histological course, and polymorphic enzyme pattern (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase, and phosphofructokinase) were studied in eight childhood tumors xenotransplanted serially to nude mice. The growth rate of these tumors (three nephroblastomas, one hypercalcemic renal tumor, three rhabdomyosarcomas, and one malignant histiocytosis) appeared stable for any one particular tumor line. The time interval between two grafts varied from 1 to 3 weeks to 1 to 2 months in correlation with the clinical course of each malignant process. Histological changes were mostly in relation with a progressive dedifferentiation of the grafts. Immunoneutralization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose phosphate isomerase made possible the quantification of the stroma reaction in the grafts. A series of ten passages showed the amount of stroma to be constant for a given tumor type but variable from one tumor type to another, except for the malignant histiocytosis which showed an increase in stroma constituent after the sixth passage. One nephroblastoma tumor line showed, during the third passage, a sudden acceleration in the growth rate and complete transformation of the histological and isozymic patterns, which were interpreted as being the result of a murine lymphoma. The fibroblastic form of phosphofructokinase increased in every tumor line, whatever the tumor type. This change may be linked to a progressive dedifferentiation during the passage.
Local HPV Recombinant Vaccinia Boost Following Priming with an HPV DNA Vaccine Enhances Local HPV-Specific CD8+ T-cell–Mediated Tumor Control in the Genital Tract (2015)

Our results support future clinical translation using cervicovaginal TA-HPV vaccination.
On beam design for sparse arrays of subarrays using multi-objective optimization and estimation-theoretic criteria (2017)

Compact antenna arrays with a moderately large number of elements (e.g., 16 elements in a 4 × 4 planar configuration) can be realized at low cost at millimeter wave frequencies. This provides the opportunity for cost-effective synthesis of large aperture antenna arrays using sparse placement of such compact "subarrays". In this paper, we investigate the design of arrays of subarrays constructed in this fashion, constraining the number of subarrays and the size of the area over which they are placed, with a view to mitigating the grating lobes created by multi-wavelength separation of the subarrays. We consider multi-objective optimization of directivity, beamwidth, maximum sidelobe level and beam eccentricity. While exhaustive search for the space of optimal solutions is computationally infeasible, we obtain intuitively plausible configurations using simple search strategies for finding local minima. We compare example configurations based on their performance for Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation.
Cut-Off Number of Elements in Polyadic Cantor Arrays (2006)

Discrete self-similar (polyadic Cantor) distributions of radiating elements allow the design of low side-lobe arrays. However, for achieving typical Tx-band geostastionary satellite requirements, we show here that such lacunar arrays may present a great number of elements compared to other types of aperiodic distributions deduced from genetic algorithms
Multiwalled carbon nanotube forest grown via chemical vapor deposition from iron catalyst nanoparticles by ToF-SIMS (2015)

The authors report the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of carbon nanotubes grown catalytically from iron nanoparticles. Both positive and negative ion spectra were obtained using a cluster ion source (Bi32+ primary ions at 50 keV). The positive mode contains an intense C+ signal. The Cn− peaks in the negative ion spectrum show an odd–even effect in their intensities.
Synthesis of C‐8 Alkylamino Substituted Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepines as Potential Anticancer Agents. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Numerical Simulations of a Hall Thruster Hollow Cathode Plasma (2007)

Chrysanthemum is an important ornamental, herbal, and medicinal plant. We report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of <i>Chrysanthemum boreale</i>. The mitogenome is 211,002 bp in length, has a GC content of 45.36%, and contains 58 genes, including 35 protein-coding genes, three ribosomal RNA genes, and 20 transfer RNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenome protein sequences from various plants confirmed that <i>C. boreale</i> belongs to the Asteraceae family. This mitogenome will be useful in evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of <i>Chrysanthemum</i> and Asteraceae.
Small‐Molecule Sensing: A Direct Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Monosaccharide Kdo (2010)

Captured and bound! Kdo, a monosaccharide, and an immobilized capture molecule form a covalent adduct that can be detected by adduct-specific antibodies (see scheme). The recognition yields a signal that is proportional to the amount of Kdo present in solution. This small-molecule sensor should be applicable for any small molecule that can react to give an immunogenic adduct. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Experimental single-strain mobilomics reveals events that shape pathogen emergence (2016)

Virulence genes on mobile DNAs such as genomic islands (GIs) and plasmids promote bacterial pathogen emergence. Excision is an early step in GI mobilization, producing a circular GI and a deletion site in the chromosome; circular forms are also known for some bacterial insertion sequences (ISs). The recombinant sequence at the junctions of such circles and deletions can be detected sensitively in high-throughput sequencing data, using new computational methods that enable empirical discovery of mobile DNAs. For the rich mobilome of a hospital Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, circularization junctions (CJs) were detected for six GIs and seven IS types. Our methods revealed differential biology of multiple mobile DNAs, imprecision of integrases and transposases, and differential activity among identical IS copies for IS26, ISKpn18 and ISKpn21 Using the resistance of circular dsDNA molecules to exonuclease, internally calibrated with the native plasmids, showed that not all molecules bearing GI CJs were circular. Transpositions were also detected, revealing replicon preference (ISKpn18 prefers a conjugative IncA/C2 plasmid), local action (IS26), regional preferences, selection (against capsule synthesis) and IS polarity inversion. Efficient discovery and global characterization of numerous mobile elements per experiment improves accounting for the new gene combinations that arise in emerging pathogens.
Disruption of OPR7 and OPR8 Reveals the Versatile Functions of Jasmonic Acid in Maize Development and Defense (2012)

Here, multiple functions of jasmonic acid (JA) in maize (Zea mays) are revealed by comprehensive analyses of JA-deficient mutants of the two oxo-phytodienoate reductase genes, OPR7 and OPR8. Single mutants produce wild-type levels of JA in most tissues, but the double mutant opr7 opr8 has dramatically reduced JA in all organs tested. opr7 opr8 displayed strong developmental defects, including formation of a feminized tassel, initiation of female reproductive buds at each node, and extreme elongation of ear shanks; these defects were rescued by exogenous JA. These data provide evidence that JA is required for male sex determination and suppression of female reproductive organ biogenesis. Moreover, opr7 opr8 exhibited delayed leaf senescence accompanied by reduced ethylene and abscisic acid levels and lack of anthocyanin pigmentation of brace roots. Remarkably, opr7 opr8 is nonviable in nonsterile soil and under field conditions due to extreme susceptibility to a root-rotting oomycete (Pythium spp), demonstrating that these genes are necessary for maize survival in nature. Supporting the importance of JA in insect defense, opr7 opr8 is susceptible to beet armyworm. Overall, this study provides strong genetic evidence for the global roles of JA in maize development and immunity to pathogens and insects.
Traditional and new methods of ARF estimation (2009)

Many observational studies of rainfall show some specific elements of rainfall fields on spatial temporal structure&#13;\nof precipitation. In particular high intensity rainfall is found to cluster in small areas and rainfall intensity&#13;\ndecreases with distance from the point of the highest rain intensity.&#13;\nThis is a key isuue in several hydrological problems, e.g. floodplain management and the design of urban drainage&#13;\nsystems. In technical applications, many empirical relations are used in order to deduce heavy areal rainfall, when&#13;\njust one rain gauge is available.&#13;\nIn this work, we studied the areal reduction factor (ARF) using radar reflectivity maps collected by the Polar 55C,&#13;\na C-band Doppler dual polarized coherent weather radar with polarization agility with a 0.9 beamwidth. The ARF&#13;\nvalues was estimated for areas ranging from 1km2 to 900 km2, return periods from 2 years to 100 years, and&#13;\ndurations from 1 minute to 6 hours.&#13;\nThe results obtained in the processing of a significant amount of data by using this technique are compared with&#13;\nsome of the most important empirical ARF-area relationships found in the literature.