gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning generative models of invariant features (2005)

We present a method for learning a set of models of visual features which are invariant to scale and translation in the image domain. The models are constructed by first applying the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) to a set of training images, and matching the extracted features across the images, followed by learning the pose-dependent behavior of the features. The modeling process avoids assumptions with respect to scene and imaging geometry, but rather learns the direct mapping from camera pose to feature observation. Such models are useful for applications to robotic tasks, such as localization, as well as visualization tasks. We present the model learning framework, and experimental results illustrating the success of the method for learning models that are useful for robot localization.
Selective Metalation of Functionalized Quinazolines to Enable Discovery and Advancement of Covalent KRAS Inhibitors (2022)

The quinazoline compound ARS-1620 is a recently discovered, mutant-specific covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C. Route scouting in support of multigram ARS-1620 batches led to a new synthetic approach that relies on metalation of substituted quinazolines at C7. The exquisite selectivity seen in this metalation formed the basis for a scalable route to kilogram quantities of compounds in this family. It also accelerated medicinal chemistry efforts as critical intermediates became readily available in large quantities.
New Antineoplastic Naphthohydroquinones Attached to Labdane and Rearranged Diterpene Skeletons (2021)

Terpenylquinones are mixed biogenesis primary or secondary metabolites widespread in Nature with many biological activities, including the antineoplastic cytotoxicity, that have inspired this work. Here, we present a cytotoxic structure-activity relationship of several diterpenylhydroquinone (DTHQ) derivatives, obtained from the natural labdane diterpenoid myrceocommunic acid used as starting material. Different structural modifications, that changed the functionality and stereochemistry of the decalin, have been implemented on the bicyclic core through epoxidation, ozonolysis or decarboxylation, and through induction of biomimetic breaks and rearrangements of the diterpene skeleton. All the isomers generated were completely characterized by spectroscopic procedures. The resulting compounds have been tested in vitro on cultured cancer cells, showing their relevant antineoplastic cytotoxicity, with GI<sub>50</sub> values in the μM and sub-μM range. The rearranged compound <b>8</b> showed the best cytotoxic results, with GI<sub>50</sub> at the submicromolar range, retaining the cytotoxicity level of the parent compounds. In this report, the versatility of the labdane skeleton for chemical transformation and the interest to continue using structural modifications to obtain new bioactive compounds are demonstrated.
Reactor Technology (2017)

Chemical reactor technology is concerned with the selection, design, and operation of a chemical reactor– an equipment unit in a chemical process where chemical transformations (reactions) take place to generate a desirable product at a specified production rate, using a given chemistry. The reactor type (configuration) and its operating conditions are selected to achieve objectives, such as maximizing the profit of the process, and minimizing the generation of pollutants, while satisfying design and operating constraints, including safety, controllability, availability of raw materials, etc. A chemical reactor plays a pivotal role in the operation and economics of the entire process because its performance affects other units in the process such as separation units, utilities, etc. In this article, design considerations of typical reactor configurations and the underlying physical and chemical principles are discussed. Common engineering practices that are applied during chemical reactor development are reviewed. These include experimental reactors, selection of reactor type and configuration, selection of operating conditions, and diagnostics of existing reactors. Examples of industrial reactors are described.
The Effect of Single Mismatches on Primer Extension (2018)

Although primer extension of mismatches depends on mismatch type and position, variation also depends on local sequence, KCl concentration, and the type of polymerase. Introduction of 3' mismatches reduces the optimal temperature for extension, suggesting higher annealing temperatures for better allele discrimination. Quantitative descriptions of expected specificity in allele-specific PCR provide additional design direction and suggest when other methods (e.g., high-resolution melting analysis) may be a better choice.
DRY WEIGHT ESTIMATED BY CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CHANGE IN THE RESISTANCE RATIO (RO/Rt) OF THE CALF DURING HEMODIALYSIS (2003)

Hypotension is frequently encountered as excess ECF is removed from dialysis patients to take them to their “dry weight”. We hypothesize that monitoring ECF shifts by SBIA could reflect less availability of free fluid near the DW. 11 HD patients were studied in 23 HD sessions. Four electrodes were placed on the patients' calf and resistance was continuously measured using a bioimpedance device (Xitron 4000B). ECF resistance (Re) was estimated by Cole-Cole model. The ratio of Re at start of HD to its value at any subsequent time (δ=Re0/Ret) was continuously recorded. Hypotension was defined as decrease blood pressure <90 mm Hg requiring intervention. Patients were divided into two groups, one with hypotension (n=6) and the other without hypotension (NH). The hypotension group was further subdivided; with edema (H1) and without edema (H2). The change in ± during the last 20 minutes of dialysis (Δδ) was less in the H2 group than in the NH group (0.32±0.12 % vs. 2.13±0.75 %, p<0.001). The temporary cessation of UF in the second half of dialysis (perturbation) revealed further insights. The amplitude of fluid “rebound” observed in the calf was higher in the H1 group than the H2 group (2.3±1.5 % vs. 7.35±2.7, p<0.05). A higher slope of ± was observed after UF was recommenced in the H1 compared to the H2 group (2.95±0.83 %, vs. 0.32±0.12 % p<0.005). This study suggest that intradialytic monitoring of ECF shifts by SBIA, particularly while employing perturbation UF holds promise as a useful aid in the pursuit of dry weight in HD patients.
Graphics & Interaction Group, The Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (2013)

The Graphics &amp; Interaction Group (the ''Rainbow Group'') at the University of Cambridge undertakes research in computer graphics, image processing, interaction devices, and interdisciplinary design.
Direct wafer bonding of atomic layer deposited TiO<inf>2</inf> and Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> thin films (2011)

In MEMS industry, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are gaining ground from blank silicon wafers as the main starting substrate. Tailored SOI wafers available in the market contain for example buried cavities or a buried gettering layer. Adding another layer in addition to the thermal SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> insulator, or replacing it with another material altogether, could be a way to tailor the properties of SOI wafers further. In this work, the direct wafer bonding of ALD TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> for reference, is investigated, eventually in order to fabricate SOI wafers with other buried ALD oxides.
Morphology and Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatic Injury in Rats under Simulated Weightlessness and the Protective Effects of Resistance Training (2015)

This study investigated the effects of long-term simulated weightlessness on liver morphology, enzymes, glycogen, and apoptosis related proteins by using two-month rat-tail suspension model (TS), and liver injury improvement by rat-tail suspension with resistance training model (TS&RT). Microscopically the livers of TS rats showed massive granular degeneration, chronic inflammation, and portal fibrosis. Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum swelling and loss of membrane integrity were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The similar, but milder, morphological changes were observed in the livers of TS&RT rats. Serum biochemistry analysis revealed that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in TS rats than in controls. The levels of ALT and AST in TS&RT rats were slightly lower than in RT rats, but they were insignificantly higher than in controls. However, both TS and TS&RT rats had significantly lower levels (p<0.05) of serum glucose and hepatic glycogen than in controls. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and active caspase-3 were higher in TS rats than in TS&RT and control rats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) showed that TS rats had higher mRNA levels (P < 0.05) of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and caspase-12 transcription than in control rats; whereas mRNA expressions of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were slightly higher in TS rats. TS&RT rats showed no significant differences of above 4 mRNAs compared with the control group. Our results demonstrated that long-term weightlessness caused hepatic injury, and may trigger hepatic apoptosis. Resistance training slightly improved hepatic damage.
Exploiting ensemble diversity for automatic feature extraction (2003)

We present an automatic method, based on a neural network ensemble, for extracting multiple, diverse and complementary sets of useful classification features from high-dimensional data. We demonstrate the utility of these diverse representations for an image dataset, showing good classification accuracy and a high degree of dimensionality reduction. We then outline a number of possible extensions to the project in an evolutionary computation context.
Purifying deteriorated aquacultural water with a bacteria-alga system. (2009)

The optimal microorganism ratios of Bacillus licheniformis,nitrifying bacteria, Selenastrum Reinsch,and Scenedesmus quadricauda were established according to an orthogonal test design.The volume ratio was(1∶2∶2∶2,) and the quantity of microorganisms was 2.01×10~6,2.18×10~6,1.95×10~6,and 1.89×10~6(cfu/mL),respectively.The optimum microorganism system removal rates of COD_(Cr),(NH_4~+-N),(NO_2~——N),(NO_3~——N),and dissolved phosphorus were 44.05%,89.16%,100%,98.62%,and 100%,respectively.The testing showed that the quality of water with added groups of bacteria and alga was better than that with nothing added.Based on range analysis of all the factors in the system,we concluded that Bacillus licheniformis was the key factor in removing COD_(Cr) and(NO_3~——N).Selenastrum Reinsch played an important role in removing ammonia nitrogen,Scenedesmus quadricauda showed very significant function to nitrite nitrogen,and nitrifying bacteria could remove dissolved phosphorus very well.
A Cucurbit[8]uril 2:2 Complex with a Negative pKa Shift (2019)

A viologen derivative carrying a benzimidazole group (V-P-I <sup>2+</sup> ; viologen-phenylene-imidazole V-P-I) can be dimerized in water using cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in the form of a 2:2 complex resulting in a negative shift of the guest pK<sub>a</sub> , by more than 1 pH unit, contrasting with the positive pK<sub>a</sub> shift usually observed for CB-based complexes. Whereas 2:2 complex protonation is unclear by NMR, silver cations have been used for probing the accessibility of the imidazole groups of the 2:2 complexes. The protonation capacity of the buried imidazole groups is reduced, suggesting that CB[8] could trigger proton release upon 2:2 complex formation. The addition of CB[8] to a solution containing V-P- I<sup>3+</sup> indeed released protons as monitored by pH-metry and visualized by a coloured indicator. This property was used to induce a host/guest swapping, accompanied by a proton transfer, between V-P-I <sup>3+</sup> ⋅CB[7] and a CB[8] complex of 1-methyl-4-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium. The origin of this negative pK<sub>a</sub> shift is proposed to stand in an ideal charge state, and in the position of the two pH-responsive fragments inside the two CB[8] which, alike residues engulfed in proteins, favour the deprotonated form of the guest molecules. Such proton release triggered by a recognition event is reminiscent of several biological processes and may open new avenues toward bioinspired enzyme mimics catalyzing proton transfer or chemical reactions.
Book Widget: embedding automated photo-document publication on the web and in mobile devices (2011)

We describe a cloud-based automated-publishing platform that allows third party developers to embed our software components into their applications, enabling their users to rapidly create documents for interactive viewing, or fulfillment via mail or retail printing. We also describe how applications built on this platform can integrate with a variety of different consumer digital ecosystems, and how we will address the quality and scaling challenges.
Validation of a single-platform, volumetric, flow cytometry for CD4 T cell count monitoring in therapeutic mobile unit (2012)

The Auto40 flow cytometer installed in a therapeutic mobile unit and operated far from its reference laboratory gave a perfect correlation with the reference method, and could be useful in carrying out immunological monitoring of HIV-infected patients living in areas without access to laboratory facilities.
Metabolic products of microorganisms. 258. Enzymatic bromination of nikkomycin Z. (1991)

Two brominated nikkomycins were produced by enzymatic halogenation of nikkomycin Z in the presence of a nonheme bromoperoxidase isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens Tü 24. The monobrominated and dibrominated nikkomycin Z derivatives were substituted at the hydroxypyridyl moiety of the N-terminal amino acid of nikkomycin Z at position C-6"' (ZBr) or C-4"' and C-6"' (ZBr2). The brominated nikkomycin Z derivatives had a decreased affinity to chitin synthase of Coprinus cinereus as compared to nikkomycin Z and exhibited a low inhibitory activity towards various fungi and yeasts.
Pharmacologic antagonism of thromboxane A2 receptors by trimetoquinol analogs in vitro and in vivo (1991)

Although (-)-(S)-trimetoquinol [1-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)- 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline; TMQ] is recognized as a potent bronchodilator, (+)-(R)-TMQ is a selective antagonist of human platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion induced by thromboxane A2 (TXA2) agonists. To confirm the pharmacological actions of TMQ analogs, the interaction of the drugs with TXA2 receptors was examined in human platelets and in a mouse sudden death model. The inhibitory potencies of TMQ analogs (pIC50 values) for displacement of [3H]SQ 29,548 binding to platelets showed excellent correlation with the respective pIC50 (-log IC50) values for U46619-induced aggregation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01) and serotonin secretion (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01) in human platelet-rich plasma and for whole blood aggregation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01). In each system, the rank order of inhibitory potencies was rac-iodoTMQ greater than or equal to (+)-(R)-TMQ greater than rac-TMQ much greater than (-)-(S)-TMQ. Antithrombotic effects of TMQ analogs were evaluated in a mouse sudden death model. In vivo antithrombotic potencies of these compounds were consistent with the in vitro potencies as TXA2 receptor antagonists in platelet systems. Administration of rac-iodoTMQ, (+)-(R)-TMQ and rac-TMQ 15 min before the injection of U46619 (800 micrograms/kg, iv) protected mice against U46619-induced sudden death. On the other hand, (-)-(S)-TMQ did not protect animals against death. Protection of U46619-induced cardiopulmonary thrombosis by TMQ analogs was seen at doses of 3-100 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients for Antiretroviral Treatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Survey (2013)

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are the molecular entities that exert the therapeutic effects of medicines. This article provides an overview of the major APIs that are entered into antiretroviral therapy (ART), outlines how APIs are manufactured, and examines the regulatory and cost frameworks of manufacturing ART APIs used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Almost all APIs for ART are prepared by chemical synthesis. Roughly 15 APIs account for essentially all of the ARTs used in LMICs. Nearly all of the ART APIs purchased through the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) or the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) are produced by generic companies. API costs are very important because they are the largest contribution to the overall cost of ART. Efficient API production requires substantial investment in chemical manufacturing technologies and the ready availability of raw materials and energy at competitive prices. Generic API production is practiced in only a limited number of countries; the API market for ART is dominated by Indian companies. The quality of these APIs is ensured by manufacturing under good manufacturing practice (GMP), including process validation, testing against previously established specifications and the demonstration of clinical bioequivalence. The investment and personnel costs of a quality management system for GMP contribute significantly to the cost of API production. Chinese companies are the major suppliers for many advanced intermediates in API production. Improved chemistry of manufacturing, economies of scale and optimization of procurement have enabled drastic cost reductions for many ART APIs. The available capacity for global production of quality-assured APIs is likely adequate to meet forecasted demand for 2015. The increased use of ART for paediatric treatment, for second-line and salvage therapy, and the introduction of new APIs and combinations are important factors for the future of treatment in LMICs. The introduction of new fixed-dose combinations for ART and use of new drug delivery technologies could plausibly provide robust, durable ART for all patients in need, at an overall cost that is only moderately higher than what is presently being spent.
Double-Uncertainty Assisted Spatial and Temporal Regularization Weighting for Learning-based Registration. (2021)

In order to tackle the difficulty associated with the ill-posed nature of the image registration problem, researchers use regularization to constrain the solution space. For most learning-based registration approaches, the regularization usually has a fixed weight and only constrains the spatial transformation. Such convention has two limitations: (1) The regularization strength of a specific image pair should be associated with the content of the images, thus the ``one value fits all'' scheme is not ideal; (2) Only spatially regularizing the transformation (but overlooking the temporal consistency of different estimations) may not be the best strategy to cope with the ill-posedness. In this study, we propose a mean-teacher based registration framework. This framework incorporates an additional \textit{temporal regularization} term by encouraging the teacher model's temporal ensemble prediction to be consistent with that of the student model. At each training step, it also automatically adjusts the weights of the \textit{spatial regularization} and the \textit{temporal regularization} by taking account of the transformation uncertainty and appearance uncertainty derived from the perturbed teacher model. We perform experiments on multi- and uni-modal registration tasks, and the results show that our strategy outperforms the traditional and learning-based benchmark methods.
Doble clasificación urbanística en una misma finca catastral (comentario a la STS de 25.10.2016 [RC 2766/2015] (RJ 2016, 5362)) (2017)

espanolEn este trabajo, el autor, a proposito de la STS de 25 de octubre de 2016, reflexiona sobre la delimitacion entre las dos categorias de suelo urbano –consolidado y no consolidado–, que conforme a la doctrina jurisprudencial del Tribunal Supremo habra de efectuarse siempre dentro de los «limites de la realidad». Por mas que sea comun el destino de las partes diferenciadas de una finca, la clasificacion urbanistica tiene que ajustarse a la realidad sobre la que incide el planificador. Resulta por ello admisible en Derecho, concluye el TS, una doble clasificacion urbanistica en la misma finca catastral EnglishIn this paper, the author takes into account the decision of the Spanish Supreme Court, October 25th 2016, and reflects on the urban land delimitation –consolidated and unconsolidated–, that according to the Supreme Court’s case law must be carried out within the «boundaries of the reality». Although the shared destiny of the different parts of the property, land classification must comply with the reality considered by planner. It is therefore legal –concludes the Court– a double urban classification in the same property.
Tailor-made synaptic dynamics based on memristive devices (2023)

The proliferation of machine learning algorithms in everyday applications such as image recognition or language translation has increased the pressure to adapt underlying computing architectures towards these algorithms. Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) such as the Tensor Processing Units by Google, Hanguang by Alibaba or Inferentia by Amazon Web Services were designed specifically for machine learning algorithms and have been able to outperform CPU based solutions by great margins during training and inference. As newer generations of chips allow handling of and computation on more and more data, the size of neural networks has dramatically increased, while the challenges they are trying to solve have become more complex. Neuromorphic computing tries to take inspiration from biological information processing systems, aiming to further improve the efficiency with which these networks can be trained or the inference can be performed. Enhancing neuromorphic computing architectures with memristive devices as non-volatile storage elements could potentially allow for even higher energy efficiencies. Their ability to mimic synaptic plasticity dynamics brings neuromorphic architectures closer to the biological role models. So far, memristive devices are mainly investigated for the emulation of the weights of neural networks during training and inference as their non-volatility would enable both processes in the same location without data transfer. In this paper, we explore realisations of different synapses build from memristive ReRAM devices, based on the Valence Change Mechanism. These synapses are the 1R synapse, the NR synapse and the 1T1R synapse. For the 1R synapse, we propose three dynamical regimes and explore their performance through different synapse criteria. For the NR synapse, we discuss how the same dynamical regimes can be addressed in a more reliable way. We also show experimental results measured on ZrO x devices to support our simulation based claims. For the 1T1R synapse, we explore the trade offs between the connection direction of the ReRAM device and the transistor. For all three synapse concepts we discuss the impact of device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variability. Additionally, the impact of the stimulation mode on the observed behavior is discussed.