gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A data-driven approach for fast controller calibration of Brake-by-Wire actuators (2020)

Brake-by-Wire (BBW) actuators are the current frontier of the Ride-by-Wire paradigm applied to modern and future vehicles. The control of such actuators has reached a certain scientific maturity, but the calibration of the proposed solutions is strongly dependent on the availability of a system model. In the pursuit of a faster, automatic and possibly continuous - during the component lifetime - calibration of the control logic, data-driven model-free tuning techniques represent an interesting opportunity. In this paper, this topic is addressed by using the Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) approach, applied on the BBW cascade control architecture in [1]. The data-driven tuning shows equivalent closed-loop performances with respect to the standard model-based approach, adding two benefits: the simpler (thus faster) experimental campaign to collect the necessary data and the possibility of using normal system operation data for the tuning, paving the way for the automatic maintenance of such systems, which suffers the effect of ageing and wearing.
Causal Inference and Counterfactual Reasoning (2020)

As computing systems are more frequently and more actively intervening to improve people's work and daily lives, it is critical to correctly predict and understand the causal effects of these interventions. Conventional machine learning methods, built on pattern recognition and correlational analyses, are insufficient for causal analysis. This tutorial will introduce participants to concepts in causal inference and counterfactual reasoning, drawing from a broad literature on the topic from statistics, social sciences and machine learning. We will motivate the use of causal inference through examples in domains such as recommender systems, social media datasets, health, education and governance. To tackle such questions, we will introduce the key ingredient that causal analysis depends on---counterfactual reasoning---and describe the two most popular frameworks based on Bayesian graphical models and potential outcomes. Based on this, we will cover methods suitable for doing causal inference with large-scale online data, including randomized experiments, observational methods like matching and stratification, and natural experiment-based methods such as instrumental variables and regression discontinuity. We will also focus on best practices for evaluation and validation of causal inference techniques, drawing from our own experiences. We will show application of these techniques using DoWhy, a Python library for causal inference. Throughout, the emphasis will be on considerations of working with large-scale data, such as logs of user interactions or social data.
Real-Time Automatic Segmentation of Optical Coherence Tomography Volume Data of the Macular Region (2015)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high speed, high resolution and non-invasive imaging modality that enables the capturing of the 3D structure of the retina. The fast and automatic analysis of 3D volume OCT data is crucial taking into account the increased amount of patient-specific 3D imaging data. In this work, we have developed an automatic algorithm, OCTRIMA 3D (OCT Retinal IMage Analysis 3D), that could segment OCT volume data in the macular region fast and accurately. The proposed method is implemented using the shortest-path based graph search, which detects the retinal boundaries by searching the shortest-path between two end nodes using Dijkstra's algorithm. Additional techniques, such as inter-frame flattening, inter-frame search region refinement, masking and biasing were introduced to exploit the spatial dependency between adjacent frames for the reduction of the processing time. Our segmentation algorithm was evaluated by comparing with the manual labelings and three state of the art graph-based segmentation methods. The processing time for the whole OCT volume of 496×644×51 voxels (captured by Spectralis SD-OCT) was 26.15 seconds which is at least a 2-8-fold increase in speed compared to other, similar reference algorithms used in the comparisons. The average unsigned error was about 1 pixel (∼ 4 microns), which was also lower compared to the reference algorithms. We believe that OCTRIMA 3D is a leap forward towards achieving reliable, real-time analysis of 3D OCT retinal data.
Full wafer defect analysis with time-of-flight secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2010)

ToF-SIMS was used for defect and failure analysis on full wafers using KLA/Tencor maps for addressing selected defects for analysis. In the first case study, analysis of surface contamination is discussed. The analysis was performed in microscan mode for single particle analysis or in macroscan mode for large area analysis. In a second example, ToF-SIMS was used to identify particle type metallic defects from a P-type buried layer of BiCMOS transistors under 200 nm of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The last case study discusses the detection of unintentionally implanted P in micron-sized polysilicon lines in the active punch-through area of a wafer.
Improved VC-merging for multiway communications in ATM networks (2002)

The routing and signaling protocols for supporting multipoint-to-multipoint connections in ATM networks have been presented earlier. VP-merge and VC-merge techniques have been proposed as the likely candidates for resolving the sender identification problem associated with these connections. The additional buffer requirements in the VC-merge mechanism and the excessive rise of VPI/VCI space in the VP-merge mechanism have been the main reasons for concern about their effective utility. We propose improvements to the traditional VC-merge technique to minimize the need for additional buffers at intermediate merge points. Aptly named dynamic multiple VC-merge (DMVC), fixed multiple VC-merge (FMVC) and selective multiple VC-merge (SMVC), these mechanisms define a generic scheme for merging the data from multiple senders onto one or more outgoing links. By appropriately choosing the number of connection identifiers per connection, these schemes lead to a large reduction in the buffer requirements and an effective utilization of the VPI/VCI space. Based on extensive simulations, we show that by using two connection identifiers per connection, there is an 80% reduction in buffer requirements for DMVC and FMVC when compared to the buffer required for traditional VC-merge.
Measurement and interpretation of current transmission in a crossed-field diode below cutoff (1997)

Measurements on the current-voltage-magnetic field characteristics of a space-charge-limited cylindrical cross-field diode below cutoff are presented. The measured current is found to be lower than predicted by simple cold-fluid theory. This reduction combined with observed oscillations in the current can be explained by secondary electron emission from the anode, leading to an increase of space charge in the diode.
Evaluation of Genistin and Genistein Contents in Soybean Varieties and Soy Protein Concentrate Prepared with 3 Basic Methods (2000)

ABSTRACT: The contents of genistein and its β‐glucoside form, genistin, in 13 soybean varieties were determined. Soybean variety (Var‐1) with high genistein and genistin contents (0.019 mg/g and 0.420 mg/g) was used to evaluate the 3 basic soy protein concentrate (SPC) production methods (acid, alcohol, and hot‐water leach) for genistin and genistein retention on a total weight basis. The acid leach method gave the highest total genistin + genistein content (0.742 mg/g) compared to SPCs prepared with the hot‐water leach method (0.671 mg/g), and the alcohol leach method (0.070 mg/g). The acid leach, hot‐water leach and alcohol leach methods had 20.3%, 24.2%, and 91.2% losses of total genistin + genistein, respectively.
DiffPD: Differentiable Projective Dynamics (2021)

We present a novel, fast differentiable simulator for soft-body learning and control applications. Existing differentiable soft-body simulators can be classified into two categories based on their time integration methods: Simulators using explicit timestepping schemes require tiny timesteps to avoid numerical instabilities in gradient computation, and simulators using implicit time integration typically compute gradients by employing the adjoint method and solving the expensive linearized dynamics. Inspired by Projective Dynamics ( PD ), we present Differentiable Projective Dynamics ( DiffPD ), an efficient differentiable soft-body simulator based on PD with implicit time integration. The key idea in DiffPD is to speed up backpropagation by exploiting the prefactorized Cholesky decomposition in forward PD simulation. In terms of contact handling, DiffPD supports two types of contacts: a penalty-based model describing contact and friction forces and a complementarity-based model enforcing non-penetration conditions and static friction. We evaluate the performance of DiffPD and observe it is 4–19 times faster compared with the standard Newton’s method in various applications including system identification, inverse design problems, trajectory optimization, and closed-loop control. We also apply DiffPD in a reality-to-simulation ( real-to-sim ) example with contact and collisions and show its capability of reconstructing a digital twin of real-world scenes.
Conductivity and third-order nonlinear optical measurements of polymers with distyrylbenzene and diphenylbutadiene segments (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConductivity and third-order nonlinear optical measurements of polymers with distyrylbenzene and diphenylbutadiene segmentsThomas E. Mates, Christopher K. Ober, and Robert NorwoodCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 2, 217–221Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00026a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (574 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-Index Discontinuity THz Waveguides (2006)

A new type of dielectric THz waveguide, which evolved from a recent approach from the held of integrated optics, is presented with theoretical and experimental results. Due to the continuity of electric flux density at a dielectric interface, the THz wave is predominantly confined in the virtually lossless low-index air core of a high-index dielectric waveguide. Attenuation, dispersion, field enhancement and field confinement properties of the waveguide are discussed and compared to those of other THz waveguide approaches.
Meniscus Formation and Breakdown of Thin Polymer Films in Microchannels (2002)

We report for the first time transient behavior of the meniscus of thin polymer films (<100 nm) in microchannels. Because of film−substrate interactions, the minimum meniscus height can keep decreasing as the meniscus develops, and this meniscus-induced reduction in the film thickness can cause an instability across the channel. A simple model can explain the instability satisfactorily.
Acoustic characterization of single ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles (2008)

Individual ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles (BR14) were characterized acoustically. The bubbles were excited at a frequency of 2 MHz and at peak-negative pressure amplitudes of 60 and 100 kPa. By measuring the transmit and receive transfer functions of both the transmit and receive transducers, echoes of individual bubbles were recorded quantitatively and compared to simulated data. At 100 kPa driving pressure, a second harmonic response was observed for bubbles with a size close to their resonance size. Power spectra were derived from the echo waveforms of bubbles of different sizes. These spectra were in good agreement with those calculated from a Rayleigh-Plesset-type model, incorporating the viscoelastic properties of the phospholipid shell. Small bubbles excited below their resonance frequency have a response dominated by the characteristics of their phospholipid shell, whereas larger bubbles, excited above resonance, have a response identical to those of uncoated bubbles of similar size.
Facial Expression Classifier Using Better Technique: FisherFace Algorithm (2018)

Facial recognition is one of the most secure modes of authorization which uses samples of photographs or videos to authorize a person's identity. Facial recognition has its own weaknesses owing to various criteria like difference in number of image samples, clarity, brightness of the photograph etc. Hence a lower accuracy rate compared to other modes of authentication like Fingerprint Recognition, which has its own uniqueness and greater performance. This paper selects Fisherface algorithm which provides the best performance, greater accuracy, and use it to verify humans by comparing the facial recognition result with our database. The two important characteristics, which are SFMR (Successful Face Match Rate) and USFMR (UnSuccessful Face Match Rate) to analyze the performance of the algorithms for different block sizes using Gaussian Adaptive Threshold method. Facial Recognition algorithms is based on a number of tests with varying conditions like environment, lighting, thresholds, line of sight etc. The FisherFace algorithm is used to detect different human emotions or expressions and the accuracy with which the emotions are recognized and calculated.
Supplementary Figure Legends and Materials and Methods from siRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Potently Silences Clusterin and Delays Progression When Combined with Androgen Receptor Cotargeting in Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends S1-4. Supplementary Materials and Methods: Antibodies used for western blotting.&lt;/p&gt;
Antisense oligonucleotides extend survival of prion-infected mice (2019)

Prion disease is a fatal, incurable neurodegenerative disease of humans and other mammals caused by conversion of cellular prion protein (PrP; PrPC) into a self-propagating neurotoxic conformer (prions; PrPSc). Strong genetic proofs of concept support lowering PrP expression as a therapeutic strategy. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can provide a practical route to lowering one target mRNA in the brain, but their development for prion disease has been hindered by three unresolved questions from prior work: uncertainty about mechanism of action, unclear potential for efficacy against established prion infection, and poor tolerability of drug delivery by osmotic pumps. Here we test antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) delivered by bolus intracerebroventricular injection to intracerebrally prion-infected wild-type mice. Prophylactic treatments given every 2-3 months extended survival times 61-98%, and a single injection at 120 days post-infection, near the onset of clinical signs, extended survival 55% (87 days). In contrast, a non-targeting control ASO was ineffective. Thus, PrP lowering is the mechanism of action of ASOs effective against prion disease in vivo, and infrequent, or even single, bolus injections of ASOs can slow prion neuropathogenesis and markedly extend survival, even when initiated near clinical signs. These findings should empower development of PrP-lowering therapy for prion disease.
The Isolation, Structural Characterization, and Immunosuppressive Activity of Cyclosporin G (NVa2-Cyclosporine) Metabolites (1991)

Seven cyclosporin G metabolites were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography from the urine of normal subjects receiving the drug. The structure and purity of the metabolites were assessed by fast atom bombardment/mass spectroscopy, by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and by 13C-NMR. The structural modifications of the cyclosporin G metabolites consisted primarily of hydroxylation and demethylation, as is the case for cyclosporin A metabolites. The immunosuppressive activities of the metabolites were tested in three separate in vitro systems: a primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte system, as well as a mitogen stimulated system. In general, the metabolites have immunosuppressive activity of less than 10% of cyclosporin G. The significance of these findings in relation to the therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporin G is discussed.
Correlation between preparation conditions and the photoluminescence properties of Sn2+ centers in ZnO–P2O5 glasses (2014)

Sn<sup>2+</sup> centers exhibiting high quantum efficiency were observed in zinc phosphate glasses prepared under inert conditions.
Ligand-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Allylboronates and Aryl Halides (2013)

An orthogonal set of catalyst systems has been developed for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 3,3-disubstituted and 3-monosubstituted allylboronates with (hetero)aryl halides. These methods allow for the highly selective preparation of either the α- or the γ-isomeric coupling product.
Modeling of a Series Hybrid Electric High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (2007)

In an effort to reduce fuel costs and gas emissions, the U.S. Army is looking into replacing their diesel high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) with hybrid electric vehicles. The aim of this paper is to present the simulation of the series hybrid electric HMMWV based on a multidomain model using Ansoft Simplorer. Emphasis is placed on the vehicle's transient response to desired speeds dictated by drive cycles based on an urban dynamometer driving schedule and SAE J227a Schedule D. Also included in this paper were the vehicle's responses to hill climbing up to 60% grade
Reversible oxygen‐binding to poly(ethyleneimine)‐cobalt complexes in aqueous solution (1985)

Abstract Cobalt(II) complexes of poly(ethyleneimine)s 1 in aqueous solution are able to form with oxygen a μ‐peroxo adduct as is evidenced from stoichiometry and spectral properties. The oxygen adduct of Co/ 1 is characterized by its higher rate constant and activation entropy of the oxygen dissociation step, in comparison with those of the low‐molecular‐weight analogue Co/tetraethylenepentamine ( 2 ). This is related with the smaller affinity of Co/ 1 to oxygen and the reversibility in oxygen‐binding. The dissociation of the oxygen molecule coordinated to and bridged with Co/ 1 is facilitated by a distortion of its μ‐peroxo structure due to electrostatic repulsion of polycationic 1 .
<title>Use of multiple visual features for object tracking</title> (1998)

In this paper we present a method of using multiple visual attributes (features) that are present in moving objects for carrying out object tracking, by way of feature substitution. The proposed method, in principle, can make use of many visual cues available from a scene such as texture, color, velocity (monocular features) and disparity, vergence (binocular features). For the present experiments we make use of 3 features, namely, texture, optical flow and color as the main visual features and defocus of objects (blur) as supportive feature. At any instance, tracking is carried out using only one feature and this feature is monitored closely for failures. The feature is substituted with another suitable feature only upon the failure or high uncertainty of the current features. In case of tracking using texture alone, we make use of a histogram based technique called Histogram Intersection Value. This technique is not only computationally simple but provides very good results whenever texture is suitable for tracking. Experimental results with real image sequences show the validity of the proposed method.
An adaptive filter with adaptation to nonuniformly spaced samples (1996)

Abstract A novel adaptive filter is proposed that adapts to the sample spacing as well as to the tap weights. Although in adaptive digital processing, the tapped‐delay line usually has uniformly spaced taps, with the spacing equal to symbol period or a fraction of symbol period, an adaptive filter with a few taps should be adaptively arranged for nonuniform spacing for better convergence as the sampling timing varies. The conventional nonuniformly spaced filters are not adaptively changed or not arranged under the constraint of the acceptable meansquare error. In this paper, a least‐mean square (LMS)‐type algorithm is derived in which an adaptive filter adaptively changes the amount of delay, as well as the filter coefficients. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated by computer simulation.
Upconverting the IR-A Range of the Sun Spectrum using Palladium Tetraaryltetraanthra[2,3]porphyrins (2015)

This paper has been removed for legal reasons.
Bisphosphonates for delivering drugs to bone (2020)

Advances in the design of potential bone-selective drugs for the treatment of various bone-related diseases are creating exciting new directions for multiple unmet medical needs. For bone-related cancers, off-target/non-bone toxicities with current drugs represent a significant barrier to the quality of life of affected patients. For bone infections and osteomyelitis, bacterial biofilms on infected bones limit the efficacy of antibiotics because it is hard to access the bacteria with current approaches. Promising new experimental approaches to therapy, based on bone-targeting of drugs, have been used in animal models of these conditions and demonstrate improved efficacy and safety. The success of these drug-design strategies bodes well for the development of therapies with improved efficacy for the treatment of diseases affecting the skeleton. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
The Ubiquitous Conserved Glycopeptidase Gcp Prevents Accumulation of Toxic Glycated Proteins (2010)

Amadori-modified proteins (AMPs) are the products of nonenzymatic glycation formed by reaction of reducing sugars with primary amine-containing amino acids and can develop into advanced glycated end products (AGEs), highly stable toxic compounds. AGEs are known to participate in many age-related human diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, and liver diseases. The metabolism of these glycated proteins is not yet understood, and the mechanisms that reduce their accumulation are not known so far. Here, we show for Escherichia coli that a conserved glycopeptidase (Gcp, also called Kae1), which is encoded by nearly every sequenced genome in the three domains of life, prevents the accumulation of Amadori products and AGEs. Using mutants, we show that Gcp depletion results in accumulation of AMPs and eventually leads to the accumulation of AGEs. We demonstrate that Gcp binds to glycated proteins, including pyruvate dehydrogenase, previously shown to be a glycation-prone enzyme. Our experiments also show that the severe phenotype of Gcp depletion can be relieved under conditions of low intracellular glycation. As glycated proteins are ubiquitous, the involvement of Gcp in the metabolism of AMPs and AGEs is likely to have been conserved in evolution, suggesting a universal involvement of Gcp in cellular aging and explaining the essentiality of Gcp in many organisms.