gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-lightweight symmetric-key cipher for resource constrained systems (2014)

In this paper, we present a new ultra lightweight reconfigurable security primitive that consumes orders of magnitude less energy than current state of the art ciphers. The essential idea is to use a matrix of randomly connected lookup tables (LUTs) to form the input-output mapping, whose configuration serves as the shared secret key. We apply our lookup table-based cipher (LUTC) to the NIST randomness benchmark suite and demonstrate that it passes all tests. Finally, we compare the energy and area overhead to existing symmetric key ciphers including AES, HIGHT, and PRESENT, and show orders of magnitude reduction in energy.
Serum immunoglobulin free light chain correlates with tumor burden markers in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (2008)

The serum IgM level has been utilised as a marker of tumor progression and to assess response to therapy in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). However, there are many limitations to the IgM protein level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of known tumor burden markers and prognostic factors with serum free light chain (sFLC) in 98 patients with WM. We demonstrated that sFLC measurement accurately differentiated IgM-MGUS compared with WM reflecting a measurement of tumor burden. In univariate and multivariate analysis, median sFLC at the cut-off at 60 mg/L was higher for WM patients with low hemoglobin and high beta2M, when we applied the WM-IPSS cut-offs, but showed no association with IgM level. This study demonstrates that sFLC is a new marker in WM disease. Further analysis is required to prospectively study the role of sFLC in monitoring response to therapy and as a prognostic marker in WM patients.
The Format and Presentation of Collision Warnings (2020)

This paper reports on two studies focusing on the design of collision avoidance headway displays. The first study aims at examining interface issues relating to the headway information to drivers. It investigates integrated visual and auditory warnings. The purpose of the second study is to examine two particular factors that may affect drivers' braking responses in their use of an experimental Collision Avoidance System. It looks at the effects of both the absolute speeds of the target and following vehicle and the relative speed differences between the two vehicles.
Pulse High Volume Hemofiltration (2004)

The sepsis syndrome is the most common cause of acute renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction in critically ill subjects and continues to have an alarmingly high mortality. Normal immune homeostasis is interrupted by a complex storm of inflammatory mediators responsible for the deleterious effects. Extracorporeal blood purification techniques can confer benefits in sepsis by proven non-specific removal of these mediators (pro- or anti-inflammatory), and provide a logical and adequate approach to treat this syndrome. High volume hemofiltration (HVHF) has had the most dramatic effect conferring benefits in hemodynamics, reduction in vasopressor doses and improvement in survival. "Pulse HVHF" is the latest approach which may offer the most efficient results: a daily schedule of 6-8 hours followed by standard CVVH. This paper describes the rationale and potential of this technique. Reliability and tolerance of this technique and biological effects are described.
Pultruded fiber optic ribbon sensor for applications in severe environments (2000)

A new multichannel optical sensor for monitoring large structures, consisting in an eight-optical-fiber ribbon pultruded in composite material, has been realized and completely characterized. Both strain and temperature sensitivity, and both dynamic and thermal strain response, as well as birefringence tests and mechanical characterization are reported. The experimental results confirm the capabilities of pultru- sion to realize multichannel optical sensors for large structures that are able to operate in a severe environment. The sensor can fulfill mechanical, chemical, and electrical custom requirements with quality consistency at low cost. The sensors have been used as strain sensors for an 85-m-long oil-rig riser.
Efficient Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkenols Mediated by Lanthanide Triflate Ionic Liquids (2009)

Lanthanide triflates, Ln(OTf)(3), serve as efficient catalysts for the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation (HO)/cyclization of primary/secondary and aliphatic/aromatic hydroxyalkenes in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Cyclizations are effective in the formation of five- and six-membered oxygen heterocycles with Markovnikov-type selectivity. Reaction rates exhibit first-order dependence on [Ln(3+)] and [substrate].
Decomposition Algorithms for Market Clearing With Large-Scale Demand Response (2013)

This paper is concerned with large-scale integration of demand response (DR) from small loads such as residential smart appliances into modern electricity systems. These appliances have intertemporal consumption constraints, while the satisfaction of the end-user from operating them is captured through utility functions. Incorporation of the appliance scheduling flexibility and user satisfaction in the system optimization points to maximizing the social welfare. In order to solve the resultant very large optimization problem with manageable complexity, dual decomposition is pursued. The problem decouples into separate subproblems for the market operator and each aggregator. Each aggregator addresses its local optimization aided by the end-users' smart meters. The subproblems are coordinated with carefully designed information exchanges between the market operator and the aggregators so that user privacy is preserved. Numerical tests illustrate the benefits of large-scale DR incorporation.
Guest (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Phantom-based image quality test methods for photoacoustic imaging systems (2017)

As photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technologies advance and applications arise, there is increasing need for standardized approaches to provide objective, quantitative performance assessment at various stages of the product development and clinical translation process. We have developed a set of performance test methods for PAI systems based on breast-mimicking tissue phantoms containing embedded inclusions. Performance standards for mature imaging modalities [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound] were used to guide selection of critical PAI image quality characteristics and experimental methods. Specifically, the tests were designed to address axial, lateral, and elevational spatial resolution, signal uniformity, penetration depth, sensitivity, spatial measurement accuracy, and PAI-ultrasound coregistration. As an initial demonstration of the utility of these test methods, we characterized the performance of a modular, bimodal PAI-ultrasound system using four clinical ultrasound transducers with varying design specifications. Results helped to inform optimization of acquisition and data processing procedures while providing quantitative elucidation of transducer-dependent differences in image quality. Comparison of solid, tissue-mimicking polymer phantoms with those based on Intralipid indicated the superiority of the former approach in simulating real-world conditions for PAI. This work provides a critical foundation for the establishment of well-validated test methods that will facilitate the maturation of PAI as a medical imaging technology.
Distributed temperature sensor using Nd 3+ -doped optical fibre (1986)

We report the measurement of temperature distribution with an Nd3+ -doped multimode optical fibre. By exploiting the temperature-sensitive absorption bands of the doped-glass core, temperature was measured to an accuracy of 2°C over the range −50°C to 100°C. A spatial resolution of 15 m over a fibre length of 140 m was obtained.
Self-heating Parameter Extraction of Power Metal-oxide-silicon Field Effect Transistor Based on Transient Drain Current Measurement (2012)

AbstractFor the use of circuit simulation model for power Metal-Oxide-Silicon Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), the extraction of self-heating parameters based on transient I-V measurements has been developed. A set of transient drain current was measured through a pulsed I-V setup. The thermal resistance and thermal capacitance are extracted from the set of transient current data. The self-heating-free drain current, which is required for MOSFET model extraction, is obtained by extrapolating the transient data to t=0. Since the measurements after a certain delay are analyzed in this method, a very short pulse measurement which tends to suffer from ringing noises and requires a complicated DUT design is not required. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated for a power MOS model using the BSIMSOI parameter set.
Endothelial tie receptor antigen in maternal and cord blood of healthy and preeclamptic subjects (1998)

The high levels of the extracellular domain of Tie in healthy term maternal and cord blood may indicate a role for Tie in the vascular development of human fetuses and placentas.
Hypothermia during CRRT, a comparative analysis (2020)

The current generation CRRT system and blood warmer significantly decreases the risk of hypothermia among critically ill patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy as compared to historic controls. Achieving target temperature is easier with the new system.
Benefits and perspectives on the use of biofuels (2016)

The current primary obstacle to biofuels is the current low price of fossil fuels, and the primary incentive to 2G biofuels is the growing world population and need to increase food suplies. Both of these will be increasingly subject to political, regulatory and legislative changes that will be positive for 2G biofuels.
Connectivity in the presence of Shadowing in 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks (2004)

Connectivity is an important property for QoS Support in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Recently, there has been a big effort in exploring the critical transmission range (CTR) analytically, based on different network mod els. While most of these studies rely on a geometric model and come up with asymptotic bounds, their significance re garding finite 802.11 based MANETs is questionable. In this paper, we investigate connectivity in MANETs from a layered perspective. We first point out how the transmission range affects the end-to-end connection probability in a log normal shadowing model and compare the results to the oretical bounds and measurements in the path loss model. We then show how connectivity issues behave in 802.11 and IP based networks if the fading effect increases. The paper concludes with a analytical model for the link probability in log-normal shadowing environments as a function of the number of nodes, network area, transmission range, path loss exponent and shadowing deviation.
Insulin immobilized PCL‐cellulose acetate micro‐nanostructured fibrous scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering (2019)

Use of growth factors as biochemical molecules to elicit cellular differentiation is a common strategy in tissue engineering. However, limitations associated with growth factors, such as short half-life, high effective physiological doses, and high costs, have prompted the search for growth factor alternatives, such as growth factor mimics and other proteins. This work explores the use of insulin protein as a biochemical factor to aid in tendon healing and differentiation of cells on a biomimetic electrospun micro-nanostructured scaffold. Dose response studies were conducted using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in basal media supplemented with varied insulin concentrations. A dose of 100-ng/mL insulin showed increased expression of tendon markers. Synthetic-natural blends of various ratios of polycaprolactone (PCL) and cellulose acetate (CA) were used to fabricate micro-nanofibers to balance physicochemical properties of the scaffolds in terms of mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, and insulin delivery. A 75:25 ratio of PCL:CA was found to be optimal in promoting cellular attachment and insulin immobilization. Insulin insulin deliveryimmobilized fiber matrices also showed increased expression of tendon phenotypic markers by MSCs similar to findings with insulin supplemented media, indicating preservation of insulin bioactivity. Insulin functionalized scaffolds may have potential applications in tendon healing and regeneration.
Detection of disbond initiation and growth in a bonded joint using a chirped fibre Bragg grating sensor (2007)

Chirped fibre Bragg grating (CFBG) sensors have been used to monitor the initiation and propagation of disbonds in composite/metal bonded joints. The CFBGs were embedded in the glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) adherend of GFRP/aluminium single lap joints (SLJs), which were bonded at elevated temperature. Cooling a SLJ to room temperature resulted in a residual elastic strain due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the adherends. SLJs were fatigue loaded, with the CFBG sensor being interrogated at intervals using a broadband light source and a spectrum analyser when the SLJ was in an unloaded state. It was found that the relaxation of the elastic strain due to disbonding caused perturbations in the reflected spectrum from the CFBG sensors which enabled the position of the disbond front to be determined. The experimental results have been modelled using a combination of finite-element analysis and commercial software for predicting FBG spectra.
Distributed Joint Receiver Design for Uplink Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2020)

The majority of works on cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) adopt uncoordinated transmit/receive strategies at the base stations (BSs) to avoid extensive channel state information (CSI) exchange via backhaul signaling. However, significant performance gains can be achieved by allowing coordination among the BSs. This paper proposes a distributed joint receiver design for uplink cell-free massive MIMO based on over-the air (OTA) signaling, which entirely eliminates the need for backhaul signaling for CSI exchange. The proposed scheme is flexible and scalable, as the amount of OTA signaling does not grow with the number of BSs or user equipments. Numerical results show fast convergence and remarkable performance gains with respect to uncoordinated joint reception.
Layered Approach to Intrinsic Evolvable Hardware using Direct Bitstream Manipulation of Virtex II Pro Devices (2007)

An integrated platform for fast genetic operators is presented to support intrinsic evolution on Xilinx Virtex II Pro Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Dynamic bitstream compilation is achieved by directly manipulating the bitstream using a layered design. Experimental results on a case study have shown that a full design as well as a full repair is achievable using this platform with an average time of 0.4 microseconds to perform the genetic mutation, 0.7 microseconds to perform the genetic crossover, and 5.6 milliseconds for one input pattern intrinsic evaluation. This represents a performance advantage of three orders of magnitude over JBITS and more than seven orders of magnitude over the Xilinx design tool driven flow for realizing intrinsic genetic operators on a Virtex II Pro device.
ARCMA (2008)

Data Centric Storage (DCS) is a well-known data storage and query processing mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), storing sensed data or their metadata at pre-specified locations. Queries issued by mobile users are sent to, and processed at, such storage nodes. However, securing DCS is very difficult because WSNs usually operate in an unattended environment and hence are subject to node-capture attacks. Even after capturing a single node, an attacker may be able to subvert the entire system by using the keying material extracted from the captured node.
Endosonographic and elastographic features of a rare epidermoid cyst of an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (2011)

Accessory spleens are found in approximately 10 % of the general population, of which 16 % are intrapancreatic [1]. A previously healthy 49-year-old patient was referred to our tertiary center for further evaluation of a pancreatic mass. She had initially presented to another hospital with nonspecific abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan had revealed a solid mass in the tail of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was suggestive of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET).
Selective Synthesis of (2Z,4E)-Dienyl Esters by Ene−Diene Cross Metathesis (2006)

[reaction: see text] Cross metathesis of terminal alkenes with methyl (2Z,4E)-hexadienoate and related dienyl esters provides substituted (2Z,4E)-dienyl esters in good yields. Small-scale reactions are effectively promoted by the standard second-generation Grubbs-Hoveyda catalyst (GH-II), while a new fluorous GH-II catalyst is used for separation and recovery in gram-scale reactions. The transformation is featured in a rapid synthesis of the bottom fragments of the potent anticancer agents (-)-dictyostatin and 6-epi-dictyostatin.
Rate-Splitting for Multi-Antenna Non-Orthogonal Unicast and Multicast Transmission: Spectral and Energy Efficiency Analysis (2019)

In a Non-Orthogonal Unicast and Multicast (NOUM) transmission system, a multicast stream intended to all the receivers is superimposed in the power domain on the unicast streams. One layer of Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) is required at each receiver to remove the multicast stream before decoding its intended unicast stream. In this paper, we first show that a linearly-precoded 1-layer Rate-Splitting (RS) strategy at the transmitter can efficiently exploit this existing SIC receiver architecture. By splitting the unicast messages into common and private parts and encoding the common parts along with the multicast message into a super-common stream decoded by all users, the SIC is better reused for the dual purpose of separating the unicast and multicast streams as well as better managing the multi-user interference among the unicast streams. We further propose multi-layer transmission strategies based on the generalized RS and power-domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). Two different objectives are studied for the design of the precoders, namely, maximizing the Weighted Sum Rate (WSR) of the unicast messages and maximizing the system Energy Efficiency (EE), both subject to Quality of Service (QoS) rate requirements of all messages and a sum power constraint. A Weighted Minimum Mean Square Error (WMMSE)-based algorithm and a Successive Convex Approximation (SCA)-based algorithm are proposed to solve the WSR and EE problems, respectively. Numerical results show that the proposed RS-assisted NOUM transmission strategies are more spectrally and energy efficient than the conventional Multi-User Linear-Precoding (MU-LP), Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and power-domain NOMA in a wide range of user deployments (with a diversity of channel directions, channel strengths and qualities of channel state information at the transmitter) and network loads (underloaded and overloaded regimes). It is superior for the downlink multi-antenna NOUM transmission.
Interpain A, a Cysteine Proteinase from Prevotella intermedia, Inhibits Complement by Degrading Complement Factor C3 (2009)

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth caused by, among other pathogens, Prevotella intermedia. Many strains of P. intermedia are resistant to killing by the human complement system, which is present at up to 70% of serum concentration in gingival crevicular fluid. Incubation of human serum with recombinant cysteine protease of P. intermedia (interpain A) resulted in a drastic decrease in bactericidal activity of the serum. Furthermore, a clinical strain 59 expressing interpain A was more serum-resistant than another clinical strain 57, which did not express interpain A, as determined by Western blotting. Moreover, in the presence of the cysteine protease inhibitor E64, the killing of strain 59 by human serum was enhanced. Importantly, we found that the majority of P. intermedia strains isolated from chronic and aggressive periodontitis carry and express the interpain A gene. The protective effect of interpain A against serum bactericidal activity was found to be attributable to its ability to inhibit all three complement pathways through the efficient degradation of the alpha-chain of C3 -- the major complement factor common to all three pathways. P. intermedia has been known to co-aggregate with P. gingivalis, which produce gingipains to efficiently degrade complement factors. Here, interpain A was found to have a synergistic effect with gingipains on complement degradation. In addition, interpain A was able to activate the C1 complex in serum, causing deposition of C1q on inert and bacterial surfaces, which may be important at initial stages of infection when local inflammatory reaction may be beneficial for a pathogen. Taken together, the newly characterized interpain A proteinase appears to be an important virulence factor of P. intermedia.