gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method to reduce ELISA serial dilution assay workload applied to SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs (2021)

Abstract Objectives Assays using ELISA measurements on serially diluted serum samples have been heavily used to measure serum reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens and are widely used in virology and elsewhere in biology. We test a method to reduce the workload of these assays, and measure reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV antigens to human serum samples collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We apply Bayesian hierarchical modelling to ELISA measurements of human serum samples against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV antigens. Results Inflection titers for SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein (S1S2), spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), and nucleoprotein (N) inferred from three spread-out dilutions correlated with those inferred from eight consecutive dilutions with an R 2 value of 0.97 or higher. We confirm existing findings showing a small proportion of pre-pandemic human serum samples contain cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 S1S2 and N, and that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases serum reactivity to the beta-HCoVs OC43 and HKU1 S1S2. Conclusions In serial dilution assays, large savings in resources and/or increases in throughput can be achieved by reducing the number of dilutions measured and using Bayesian hierarchical modelling to infer inflection or endpoint titers. We have released software for conducting these types of analysis.
Linewidth of 1.3μm cleaved-coupled-cavity lasers (1985)

The linewidth and side-mode suppression ratio of three variable-gap C3 lasers were measured as a function of output power and drive currents. With feedback carefully eliminated, the narrowest linewidth obtained was 8 MHz at an output power of 13.6 mW. There was little correlation between line-width and suppression ratio.
Adaptive video streaming with smooth advertisement insertion (2014)

Advertisement has contributed a significant part of video streaming revenue nowadays. So far, advertisement insertion is mostly done at a streaming server or a proxy server inside the networks. However, this approach faces problems such as complexity and scalability issues. To this end, this paper presents a client-based approach in HTTP streaming which has becomes a cost effective means in multimedia delivery. In addition, a novel method is proposed for supporting smooth advertisement insertion. The experiment results show that our method can provide smooth transitions under different network conditions.
DGfZ‐ESCCA Joint Abstracts from The 18th Annual Meeting of The German Society of Cytometry (DGfZ) and The 8th Euroconference of Clinical Cell Analysis by The European Society for Clinical Cell Analysis (ESCCA) (2008)

Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry focuses on the development and applications of cellular system analysis and array based technologies as applied to clinical practice and translational research. This journal also covers relevant techniques such as flow cytometry, image cytometry, beadbased and slide-based array analyses, as well as other cell-based spectroscopic analyses. In addition, Clinical Cytometry publishes clinical and translational investigations that identify and validate the features and molecules important in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of patients
WILLGERODT-KINDLER'S MICROWAVE-ENHANCED SYNTHESIS OF THIOAMIDE DERIVATIVES (2004)

The Willgerodt-Kindler reaction was applied to a series of aromatic aldehydes and ketones. The reactions were performed in a dipolar aprotic solvent (mainly DMF) in the presence of a base catalyst (4-methylmorpholine) and utilized microwave (mw) irradiation. The pulsed mw technique rather than the continuous irradiation was preferred because it limited side reactions and hydrogen sulfide production. While not always superior to the thermal activation of the reaction, the procedure involving repetitive short pulses of microwave irradiation was found to be faster and result in consistently cleaner products. The technique can be easily applied in a fast parallel synthesis process.
Mapping the Broad CMY Subtractive Primary Color Gamut Using a Dual-Active Electrochromic Device (2014)

Although synthetic efforts have been fruitful in coarse color control, variations to an electrochromic polymer (ECP) backbone are less likely to allow for the fine control necessary to access the variations and shades of color needed in display applications. Through the use of thin films of cyan, magenta, and yellow ECPs, non-emissive subtractive color mixing allows the color of an electrochromic device (ECD) to be selected and tailored, increasing access to various subtle shades and allowing for a non-emissive display to exhibit a wide range of colors. Using a dual-active ECD, subtractive color mixing utilizing the cyan-magenta-yellow (CMY) primary system was examined. The bounds of the gamut, or the subset of accessible colors, using these three 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (PProDOT)-derived materials in combination with the recently recognized 3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole-based minimally color changing polymer (MCCP) were mapped, highlighting the benefit of applying subtractive color mixing toward the development of full-color non-emissive displays. Here, we demonstrate that ECPs are suitable for the generation of a wide gamut of colors through secondary mixing when layered as two distinct films, exhibiting both vibrantly colored and highly transmissive states.
Polytetrafluoroethylene Nanocomposites with Engineered Boron Nitride Nanobarbs for Thermally Conductive and Electrically Insulating Microelectronics and Microwave Devices (2023)

The demands for effective thermally conductive dielectric composite materials continue to increase due to high speed and low-loss signal propagation required in microwave frequency applications. Composites of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and boron nitride are promising for these applications. Here, for the first time, recent generation surface-engineered boron nitride nanobarbs (BNNB) material was evaluated at a low filler content in PTFE to achieve the desirable high thermal conductivity and low dielectric loss requirements which are typically difficult without a strong filler–matrix interaction and high filler loading. Composites of modified BNNB and modified PTFE were also fabricated and evaluated. These composites exhibited higher thermal conductivity (1.2–1.3 W/mK) with a lower concentration of boron nitride nanoparticles than those reported in the literature. The data were analyzed by theoretical models and interfacial thermal resistance was the lowest for the composite made from the modified PTFE and modified BNNB. Additionally, the composites displayed excellent dielectric properties including a dielectric constant ≈2.3 and loss tangent of less than 0.005 at frequencies of 1–3 GHz. These results indicate that such thermally conductive and low-loss dielectric composites have significant potential as materials for thermal management and dielectric components in microelectronics, 5G, and microwave devices.
A Stochastic, Fuzzy, Neural Network for Unknown Dynamic Systems (1998)

Abstract A stochastic, fuzzy, neural network (SFNN) to model unknown nonlinear dynamic systems is developed. In this network, a non-singleton fuzzifier with Gaussian membership functions instead of the singleton fuzzifier in the fuzzy logic is introduced. Based on these membership functions, an online supervised parameter learning algorithm of the SFNN is proposed to overcome the local minimum of learning process in current neural networks, and an off-line algorithm for the structure learning of the SFNN is presented to reduce the amount of computation of the SFNN. This new network provides a universal approximator and it is also applicable to stochastic control and decision systems and the identification of chaos in nonlinear systems.
An Oil-Based Adjuvant Improves Immune Responses Induced by Canine Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine in Mice (2023)

There is a significant need for highly effective vaccines against emerging and common veterinary infectious diseases. Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) vectors allow rapid development of multiple vaccines and have demonstrated their potential in animal models. In this study, we compared the immunogenicity of a non-replicating CAV2 vector encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein with and without Montanide<sup>TM</sup> ISA 201 VG, an oil-based adjuvant. All vaccinated mice rapidly achieved rabies seroconversion, which was associated with complete vaccine protection. The adjuvant increased rabies antibody titers without any significant effect on the anti-CAV2 serological responses. An RT<sup>2</sup> Profiler™ PCR array was conducted to identify host antiviral genes modulated in the blood samples 24 h after vaccination. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed the up-regulation of the RIG-I, TLRs, NLRs, and IFNs signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant can shape the immune responses to an antigen encoded by an adenovirus, thereby enhancing the protection conferred by live recombinant vaccines. The characterization of early vaccine responses provides a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of CAV2-vectored vaccines.
Protein−Surfactant Film Voltammetry of Wild-Type and Mutant Cytochrome P450 BM3 (2005)

We are investigating the redox chemistry of wild-type (WT) and mutant (1-12G) cytochrome P450 BM3. Absorption spectra in solution feature the Fe(III) Soret at 418 nm for WT and a split Soret for 1-12G at 390 and 418 nm. Voltammetry of the proteins within DDAPSS films on the surface of carbon electrodes reveal nearly identical Fe(III/II) potentials (approximately -200 mV vs Ag/AgCl), but significant differences in k degrees , 250 vs 30 s(-)(1), and Fe(III/II)-CO potentials, -140 vs -115 mV, for WT vs 1-12G. Catalytic reduction of dioxygen by the proteins on rotating-disk electrodes was analyzed using Levich and Koutecky-Levich treatments. The data reveal 1-12G n and k(obs) values that are, respectively, 1.7 and 0.07 times those of WT, suggesting that the two proteins differ strikingly in their reactions with dioxygen.
Analysis of intensity interference caused by cross-phase modulation in dispersive optical fibers (1998)

Under a set of broadly justified simplifying assumptions, an analytical approach to the problem of cross phase modulation in optical fibers is presented. Simple analytical expressions describing intensity interference caused by cross-phase modulation (XPM) are derived. It turns out that within a physically realizable range of parameters the power penalties induced by XPM have a linear dependence on the power of the interfering signal. Examples of specific systems are presented and discussed.
Synthesis and release of amphipathic gamma-glutamyl transferase by the pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell. Its redistribution throughout the gas exchange portion of the lung indicates a new role for surfactant. (1994)

gamma-Glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) catalyzes a transpeptidation reaction which is involved in the metabolism of glutathione. Glutathione is abundant within the epithelial lining fluid of the lung. However, little is known about gamma-GT expression in the epithelial cells of the lung alveolus. Herein we show that the pulmonary alveolar epithelial type 2 cell expresses the gene for gamma-GT. We were unable to detect expression in the pulmonary alveolar epithelial type 1 cell or in the pulmonary alveolar macrophage. gamma-GT expression in the pulmonary alveolar epithelial type 2 cell is via mRNA III, a transcript that was initially cloned from the liver. This cell synthesizes gamma-GT protein and releases enzyme activity into a surfactant-associated pool within the lung alveolus. The specific activity of this surfactant-associated enzyme is almost 10-fold higher than that of whole lung. This activity results from amphipathic gamma-GT since it partitions with lung surfactant phospholipid and with the detergent phase of Triton X-114. Activity can be dissociated from each by papain proteolysis. These results demonstrate that gamma-GT is expressed in the differentiated pulmonary alveolar epithelial type 2 cell and that amphipathic gamma-GT protein is released by this cell along with lung surfactant. These results suggest that surfactant may serve an expanded role in lung cell biology as the vehicle for the redistribution of amphipathic signal anchored proteins throughout the gas exchange surface of the lung.
Spatially Resolved Pressure-Gradient Measurement By NMR (1988)

A new technique for generating spatially resolved pressure-gradient images of flow fields is introduced.
In Situ Collagen Polymerization of Layered Cell-Seeded Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications (2010)

Electrospun scaffolds have been studied extensively for their potential use in bone tissue engineering applications. However, inherent issues with the electrospinning approach limit the thickness of these scaffolds and constrain their use for repair of critical-sized bone defects. One method to increase overall scaffold thickness is to bond multiple electrospun scaffolds together with a biocompatible gel. The objective of this study was to determine whether multiple human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC-seeded electrospun, nanofibrous scaffolds could be layered via in situ collagen assembly and whether the addition of laser-ablated micron-sized pores within the electrospun scaffold layers was beneficial to the bonding process. Pores were created by a laser ablation technique. We hypothesized that the addition of micron-sized pores within the electrospun scaffolds would encourage collagen integration between scaffold layers, and promote osteogenic differentiation of hASCs seeded within the layered electrospun scaffolds. To evaluate the benefit of assembled scaffolds with and without engineered pores, hASCs were seeded on individual electrospun scaffolds, hASC-seeded scaffolds were bonded with type I collagen, and the assembled ∼3-mm-thick constructs were cultured for 3 weeks to examine their potential as bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Assembled electrospun scaffolds/collagen gel constructs using electrospun scaffolds with pores resulted in enhanced hASC viability, proliferation, and mineralization of the scaffolds after 3 weeks in vitro compared to constructs using electrospun scaffolds without pores. Scanning electron microscopy and histological examination revealed that the assembled constructs that included laser-ablated electrospun scaffolds were able to maintain a contracted structure and were not delaminated, unlike assembled constructs containing nonablated electrospun scaffolds. This is the first study to show that the introduction of engineered pores in electrospun scaffolds assists with multilayered scaffold integration, resulting in thick constructs potentially suitable for use as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering or repair of critical bone defects.
Electrochemical Deposition of a Pyrrole-1-yl Substituted Perylene Diimide for Photoluminescence and Electrochromism (2004)

-Bis(3-pyrrol-1-yl-propyl)-1,6,7,12-tetrakis(4-tert-butylphenoxy)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDI-2Py) was synthesized by imidization of 3-pyrrol-1-yl-propylamine and 1,6,7,12-tetrakis(4-tert-butylphenoxy)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. PDI-2Py could be electrodeposited by scanning the potential between 0 and 1.2 V vs. in a potentiodynamic mode to form a red film stably adhering to a glassy carbon or indium tin oxide electrodes which was insoluble in common organic solvents. Considering that PDI without pyrrole moiety could not be electrodeposited in the same potential range and that the pyrrole moiety can be electropolymerized at above ca. 0.9 V vs. we conclude that PDI-2Py was electropolymerized to form the corresponding polymer [P(PDI-2Py)]. The resulting P(PDI-2Py) exhibited photoluminescence upon photoexcitation at 573 nm. From the electrochromic study, P(PDI-2Py) turned red and emerald at 0 and −1.8 V vs. respectively. P(PDI-2Py) film formation by electrodeposition of PDI-2Py is one of the promising methods for multilayer fabrications because the insoluble characteristics of the resulting film in common organic solvents allows variety in the choice of solvents for the coating of an upper layer. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Influence of dietary supplementation with l-carnitine on metabolic rate, fatty acid oxidation, body condition, and weight loss in overweight cats (2012)

Dietary l-carnitine supplementation appeared to have a metabolic effect in overweight cats undergoing rapid weight loss that facilitated fatty acid oxidation.
Lessons learned by use of stereomers of soman - An organophosphorus inhibitor with two chiral centers on the functional architecture of human acetylcholinesterase (2000)

Structural architecture of the human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) active center and the effect of adduct configurations on the aging process were explored through phosphylation and aging reaction of the AchE wild type and selected mutants using the four stereoisomers of 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman). Reactivity of wild type HuAChE toward the PS-soman diastereomers was 4.0-7.5x104-fold higher than toward the PR- diastereomers. Aging of the PSCS-somanyl-HuAChE conjugate was also &gt;1.6x104-fold faster than that of the corresponding PRCS-somanyl adduct, as shown by both reactivation and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) experiments. On the other hand, both processes exhibited very limited sensitivity to the chirality of the alkoxy group CÎ± carbon of either PS- or PR-diastereomers. Reactivities of HuAChE enzymes carrying replacements at the acyl pocket (F295A, F297A, F295L/F297V) indicate that stereoselectivity with respect to the soman phosphorus chirality depends on the structure of this binding subsite but this stereoselectivity cannot be explained only by limitation in the capacity to accommodate the PR- diastereomers. In addition, these acyl pocket enzyme mutants display some (5-10-fold) preference for the PRCR-soman over the PRCSstereomer, while reactivity of the hydrophobic pocket mutant enzyme W86F toward the PRCS-soman resembles that of the wild type HuAChE. Residue substitutions at the Hbond network (E202Q, E450A, Y133F, Y133A) and the hydrophobic pocket (F338A, W86A, W86F, Y337A) result in a limited stereoselectivity for the PSCS- over the PSCRstereomer. Aging of the PS-somanyl conjugates with all the HuAChE mutant enzymes tested, practically lacked stereoselectivity with respect to the CÎ± of the alkoxy moiety. Thus, the inherent asymmetry of the active center does not seem to affect the rate determining step of the dealkylation process, possibly because both the PSCS- and the PSCR-somanyl moieties yield the same carbocationic intermediate. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research and Material Command under Contract DAMD17-96-C-6088.
RAPID ALDOSTERONE‐INDUCED CELL VOLUME INCREASE OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS MEASURED BY THE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (1997)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a useful technique for imaging the surface of living cells in three dimensions. The authors applied AFM to obtain morphological information of individual cultured endothelial cells of bovine aorta under stationary and strain conditions and to simultaneously measure changes in cell volume in response to aldosterone. This mineralocorticoid hormone is known to have acute, non-genomic effects on intracellular pH, intracellular electrolytes and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate production. In this study whether endothelial cells under tension change their volume in response to aldosterone was tested. Such changes were already shown in human leukocytes measured by Coulter counter. In contrast to leukocytes that are more or less spherical and live in suspension, endothelial cells exhibit a complex morphology and adhere to a substrate. Thus, measurements of discrete cell volume changes in endothelial cells under physiological condition is only feasible with more sophisticated techniques. By using AFM we could precisely measure the absolute cell volume of individual living endothelial cells. Before the addition of aldosterone the cell volume of mechanically stressed endothelial cells mimicking arterial blood pressure was 1827 +/- 172 fl. Cell volume was found to increase by 28% 5 min after hormone exposure. Twenty-five minutes later cell volume was back to normal despite the continuous presence of aldosterone in the medium. Amiloride, a blocker of the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger prevented the initial aldosterone-induced volume increase. Taken together, AFM disclosed a transient swelling of endothelial cells induced by the activation of an aldosterone sensitive plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger.
3.BETA.,5.ALPHA.-dihydroxycholestan-6-one exists in human blood. (1997)

3 beta,5 alpha-Dihydroxycholestan-6-one was detected in fresh human plasma at the concentration of 14-44 ng/mL. The oxysterol binds specifically to phorbol ester specific binding protein in vitro, and may be an endogenous ligand of the protein.
A Blockchain Proxy for Lightweight IoT Devices (2019)

IoT devices are quickly becoming a critical source of information about the physical world considered in business processes. Blockchains are a promising platform for such processes if they involve multiple parties with no shared, commonly trusted IT infrastructure. Transacting with a blockchain, however, requires software whose footprint overwhelms many lightweight IoT devices. In this paper we introduce the concept of a blockchain proxy to which an IoT device can offload a large part of this software footprint. The proxy only requires a slim proxy SDK on the device that holds a regular blockchain identity with its own private key, retaining full control of the transactions in the device. We discuss security implications and present cold-chain monitoring as a use case. Preliminary results show significant savings in CPU time and communication bandwidth for the IoT device.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Autotaxin and LPA<sub>1</sub> and LPA<sub>5</sub> Receptors Exert Disparate Functions in Tumor Cells versus the Host Tissue Microenvironment in Melanoma Invasion and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure Legends. Supplemental Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Engineered PWM Drives for Achieving Rapid Step and Settle Times for MEMS Actuation (2018)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) provide engineers with a rich palette of technical solutions to a wide range of actuation and sensing challenges. MEMS devices are low cost, easily integrated with sense and drive electronics, are robust, and can be designed to respond to electrical, mechanical, or chemical stimuli. Because they are mechanical, MEMS devices suffer from being relatively slow in comparison with purely electronic devices. However, it has been shown that by using feedforward drives developed using controls theory approaches, it is possible to significantly improve the step and settle time of MEMS actuators. This paper uses this technique to demonstrate the use of pulse width modulation to linearly drive MEMS. Furthermore, it demonstrates an overdrive method capable of improving the step and settle time of a commercial MEMS device by a factor of 1500. The approach is general and can be used for a wide range of devices and actuation methods, such as electrostatic, electromagnetic, and thermal actuation. This provides engineers a simple method to design high Q MEMS devices with sub-millisecond response times, opening the phase space for more micromechanical solutions.