gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to dual blockade of the kinases PI3K and mTOR in KRAS -mutant colorectal cancer models results in combined sensitivity to inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR (2014)

Targeted blockade of aberrantly activated signaling pathways is an attractive therapeutic strategy for solid tumors, but drug resistance is common. KRAS is a frequently mutated gene in human cancer but remains a challenging clinical target. Inhibitors against KRAS signaling mediators, namely, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), have limited clinical efficacy as single agents in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated potential bypass mechanisms to PI3K/mTOR inhibition in KRAS-mutant CRC. Using genetically engineered mouse model cells that had acquired resistance to the dual PI3K/mTOR small-molecule inhibitor PF-04691502, we determined with chemical library screens that inhibitors of the ERBB [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] family restored the sensitivity to PF-04691502. Although EGFR inhibitors alone have limited efficacy in reducing KRAS-mutant tumors, we found that PF-04691502 induced the abundance, phosphorylation, and activity of EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB3 through activation of FOXO3a (forkhead box O 3a), a transcription factor inhibited by the PI3K to AKT pathway. PF-04691502 also induced a stem cell-like gene expression signature. KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenografts from mice treated with PF-04691502 had a similar gene expression signature and exhibited increased EGFR activation, suggesting that this drug-induced resistance mechanism may occur in patients. Combination therapy with dacomitinib (a pan-ERBB inhibitor) restored sensitivity to PF-04691502 in drug-resistant cells in culture and induced tumor regression in drug-resistant allografts in mice. Our findings suggest that combining PI3K/mTOR and EGFR inhibitors may improve therapeutic outcome in patients with KRAS-mutant CRC.
Finding all hops k-shortest paths (2004)

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new problem referred to as the all hops k-shortest paths (AHKP) problem. An efficient solution, the all hops k-shortest paths extended Bellman-Ford (AHKPEB) algorithm, is proposed. Especially, when k = 1, AHKPEB is an optimal comparison-based solution to the all hops optimal path (AHOP) problem in terms of the worst-case computational complexity, i.e., it is impossible to find another comparison-based solution to add-AHOP having the worst-case computational complexity lower than that of AHKPEB.
Cardiolipin: biosynthesis, remodeling and trafficking in the heart and mammalian cells (Review). (1998)

Cardiolipin is the principal polyglycerophospholipid found in the heart and most mammalian tissues. This phospholipid is the only phospholipid localized exclusively to the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Cardiolipin appears to be involved, either directly or indirectly, in the modulation of a number of cellular processes including the activation of mitochondrial enzymes and hence production of energy by oxidative phosphorylation. The regulatory properties which govern cardiolipin biosynthesis, its remodeling and trafficking are beginning to emerge. Studies in the isolated perfused rat heart and H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells have indicated that the rate-limiting step of cardiolipin biosynthesis, via the cytidine-5'-diphosphate-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol pathway, is the conversion of phosphatidic acid and cytidine-5'-triphosphate to cytidine-5'-diphosphate-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol. The cellular level of cytidine-5'-triphosphate appears to control the production of cardiolipin in H9c2 cells. The activities of the other enzymes of the cytidine-5'-diphosphate-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol pathway of cardiolipin biosynthesis in the heart may be modulated by thyroid hormone and unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, extra-mitochondrial cytidine-5'-diphosphate-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and phosphatidylglycerol may be utilized for cardiolipin biosynthesis in the heart and permeabilized cells. Cardiolipin may be readily hydrolyzed by phospholipases and may be remodeled by a deacylation-reacylation pathway. Studies with a Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line CCL16-B2 have indicated that the remodeling of cardiolipin is markedly altered in the mitochondria of these cells and that this alteration in remodeling may be one of the underlying mechanisms for the mutation in oxidative energy production in these cells. Host cell cardiolipin may be trafficked from the mitochondria to an intracellular bacterial parasite Chlamydia trachomatis. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss some of the more recent findings in cardiolipin metabolism in the heart and mammalian cells and to provide insight into their possible implications in the regulation of some cellular functions in mammalian tissues and cells.
A U L 47 Gene Deletion Mutant of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Exhibits Impaired Growth in Cell Culture and Lack of Virulence in Cattle (2009)

Tegument protein VP8 encoded by the U(L)47 gene of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is the most abundant constituent of mature virions. In the present report, we describe the characterization of U(L)47 gene-deleted BHV-1 in cultured cells and its natural host. The U(L)47 deletion mutant exhibited reduced plaque size and more than 100-fold decrease in intracellular and extracellular viral titers in cultured cells. Ultrastructural observations of infected cells showed normal maturation of BHV-1 virions in the absence of VP8. There was no evidence for a change in immediate-early gene activator function of VP16 in the U(L)47 deletion mutant virus-infected cells, since bovine ICP4 mRNA and protein levels were similar to those in the wild-type and revertant virus-infected cells throughout the course of infection. Whereas VP16, glycoprotein C (gC), gB, and VP5 were expressed to wild-type levels in the U(L)47 deletion mutant-infected cells, the gD and VP22 protein levels were significantly reduced. The reduction in gD protein was associated with increased turnover of the protein. Furthermore, some of the analyzed early and late proteins were expressed with earlier kinetics in the absence of VP8. Extracellular virions of the U(L)47 deletion mutant contained reduced amounts of gD, gB, gC, and VP22 but similar amounts of VP16 compared to those of wild-type or revertant virus particles. In addition, the U(L)47 gene product was indispensable for BHV-1 replication in vivo, since no clinical manifestations or viral shedding were detected in the U(L)47 deletion mutant-infected calves, and the virus failed to induce significant levels of humoral and cellular immunity.
The Physical Properties of the Capsular Polysaccharides from Cryptococcus neoformans Suggest Features for Capsule Construction (2005)

The most distinctive feature of the human pathogenic fungus is a polysaccharide capsule that is essential for virulence and is composed primarily of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and galactoxylomannan (GalXM). GXM mediates multiple deleterious effects on host immune function, yet relatively little is known about its physical properties. The average mass of Cryptococcus neoformans GXM from four antigenically different strains ranged from 1.7 to 7 x 10(6) daltons as calculated from Zimm plots of light-scattering data. GalXM was significantly smaller than GXM, with an average mass of 1 x 10(5) daltons. These molecular masses imply that GalXM is the most numerous polysaccharide in the capsule on a molar basis. The radius of gyration of the capsular polysaccharides ranged between 68 and 208 nm. Viscosity measurements suggest that neither polysaccharide altered fluid dynamics during infection since GXM behaved in solution as a polyelectrolyte and GalXM did not increase solution viscosity. Immunoblot analysis indicated heterogeneity within GXM. In agreement with this, scanning transmission electron microscopy of GXM preparations revealed a tangled network of two different types of molecules. Mass per length measurements from light scattering and scanning transmission electron microscopy were consistent and suggested GXM molecules self-associate. A mechanism for capsule growth is proposed based on the extracellular release and entanglement of GXM molecules.
Low-Latency Sliding-Window Aggregation in Worst-Case Constant Time (2017)

Sliding-window aggregation is a widely-used approach for extracting insights from the most recent portion of a data stream. The aggregations of interest can usually be cast as binary operators that are associative, but they are not necessarily commutative nor invertible. Non-invertible operators, however, are difficult to support efficiently. The best published algorithms require O(log n) aggregation steps per window operation, where n is the sliding-window size at that point. For a FIFO window, this can be improved to O(1) on average by using two aggregation stacks.
Channel Estimation Scheme for a RAKE Receiver with Fractional Sampling in IEEE802.11b WLAN System (2009)

The IEEE802.11b WLAN standard employs direct-sequence/spread-spectrum (DS/SS) modulation. With a fractional sampling RAKE receiver, it is possible to achieve diversity and reduce the BER in DS/SS communication. In order to realize the diversity through fractional sampling, the impulse response of the channel must be estimated. In this paper, a channel estimation scheme for a RAKE receiver with fractional sampling in IEEE802.11b WLAN system is investigated through a computer simulation and an experiment. In order to estimate the impulse response of the channel, a pseudo-inverse matrix with a threshold is employed. Numerical results indicate that the channel can be estimated with an optimum threshold in both the simulation and the experiment.
Training Keyword Spotting Models on Non-IID Data with Federated Learning (2020)

We demonstrate that a production-quality keyword-spotting model can be trained on-device using federated learning and achieve comparable false accept and false reject rates to a centrally-trained model. To overcome the algorithmic constraints associated with fitting on-device data (which are inherently non-independent and identically distributed), we conduct thorough empirical studies of optimization algorithms and hyperparameter configurations using large-scale federated simulations. To overcome resource constraints, we replace memory intensive MTR data augmentation with SpecAugment, which reduces the false reject rate by 56%. Finally, to label examples (given the zero visibility into on-device data), we explore teacher-student training.
Low-Noise Chip-Based Photonic Oscillators (2022)

Recent progress in heterogeneous integration has yielded fully integrated, electrically pumped lasers and micro-combs on silicon substrates with record low noise. We review these demonstrations together with developments in chip-based compact reference cavities as key pieces in building low-noise RF photonic oscillators.
Fabrication of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Triangular Cross Section by Template Processes (2004)

Triangular nanohole array structures with high aspect ratios were fabricated by anodization of pretextured Al in an oxalic acid solution. By using the obtained anodic porous alumina with triangular openings as templates, an ordered array of TiO2 nanocylinders with triangular cross sections was fabricated. The preparation of TiO2 nanocylinders was carried out through the electrodeposition of TiO2 into the alumina nanoholes. The shapes and sizes of the obtained TiO2 nanocylinders were in good agreement with those of the pores of the alumina template. The triangular shapes of the TiO2 nanocylinders were successfully maintained even after heat treatment for crystallization to anatase from amorphous. The obtained TiO2 nanocylinders were isolated, and yielded the shape- and size-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles.
Impact of additional LDD rapid thermal annealing on submicron n-MOSFETs (2003)

An additional NLDD Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) had been implemented in thin-gate and thick-gate NMOS transistors. The threshold voltage (Vt) distribution at different gate lengths was investigated for devices with and without NLDD RTA. Lower roll-up and roll-off of Vt was observed with the inclusion of NLDD RTA. However, this observation only occurred for phosphorus-LDD NMOS devices rather than arsenic-LDD NMOS devices. Based on experimental results, TCAD tools was applied to analyze the removal of implant-induced damages by LDD RTA and to investigate the difference in channel profiles before and after LDD RTA. Finally, the mechanism of less Reverse Short Channel Effect and Short Channel Effect with LDD RTA was presented through TCAD simulation results.
Analysis of Brain Tumors and Metastases by Quantitative MT Imaging with BSSFP: Initial Experiences (2010)

The efficacy of quantitative MT (qMT) imaging for characterization of benign and malignant brain lesions is analyzed with balanced steady-state free precession. Eleven patients with 3 different lesions (4 glioblastoma multiforme, 4 meningeomas and 3 metastases) were investigated on a clinical 1.5T MR-scanner. MT-effects are described in terms of MTR, relaxation times (T1, T2), MT exchange rate (kf) and the macromolecular content (F). Marked divergences between contrast-enhancing regions, edema and normal-appearing brain were found within and between the different lesions, which might be attributed to differences in edema, cell infiltration and myelin properties. Thus, qMT-imaging might play a major role in adding information for diagnostic tumor characterization.
Muscle‐directed gene therapy corrects Pompe disease and uncovers species‐specific GAA immunogenicity (2021)

Pompe disease is a severe disorder caused by loss of acid α-glucosidase (GAA), leading to glycogen accumulation in tissues and neuromuscular and cardiac dysfunction. Enzyme replacement therapy is the only available treatment. AT845 is an adeno-associated viral vector designed to express human GAA specifically in skeletal muscle and heart. Systemic administration of AT845 in Gaa<sup>-/-</sup> mice led to a dose-dependent increase in GAA activity, glycogen clearance in muscles and heart, and functional improvement. AT845 was tolerated in cynomolgus macaques at low doses, while high doses caused anti-GAA immune response, inflammation, and cardiac abnormalities resulting in unscheduled euthanasia of two animals. Conversely, a vector expressing the macaque GAA caused no detectable pathology, indicating that the toxicity observed with AT845 was an anti-GAA xenogeneic immune response. Western blot analysis showed abnormal processing of human GAA in cynomolgus muscle, adding to the species-specific effects of enzyme expression. Overall, these studies show that AAV-mediated GAA delivery to muscle is efficacious in Gaa<sup>-/-</sup> mice and highlight limitations in predicting the toxicity of AAV vectors encoding human proteins in non-human species.
IoT Applications: From Mobile Agents to Microservices Architecture (2018)

Internet of Things (IoT) is still grabbing the attention of researchers, developers, and organizations. This is due to the rapid increase of connected devices and the major advances seen in information and communication technologies every day. IoT refers to the network of interactive physical and virtual devices connected globally which includes smartphones, sensors, and robots. IoT devices require software adaptation as they are in continuous transition. Mobile Agents can offer adaptable composition for IoT systems. Mobile agents can be used to enable interoperability and global intelligence with smart objects in the Internet of Things. However, mobile agents come with many security concerns in which security protocols can be relatively heavy for IoT devices to handle. As a response, microservice architecture emerged and quickly became a widely used solution. The aim of this architecture is to break the application into a set of smaller independent services. It also allows developers and organizations to have the ability for frequent updates on their services. Studies in the last year showed a massive interest in microservice architectures in the context of IoT and cloud computing solutions. This paper offers a review of how microservices can replace mobile agents and be able to act as agents in IoT systems and highlight the benefits that can be obtained from this solution.
Effects of GaAs(Sb) cladding layers on InAs/AlAsSb quantum dots (2013)

The structural and optical properties of InAs self-assembled quantum dots buried in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 barriers can be controlled using GaAs1−xSbx cladding layers. These cladding layers allow us to manage the amount of Sb immediately underneath and above the InAs quantum dots. The optimal cladding scheme has a GaAs layer beneath the InAs, and a GaAs0.95Sb0.05 layer above. This scheme results in improved dot morphology and significantly increased photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Both power-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence confirm that the quantum dots have type-II band alignment. Enhanced carrier lifetimes in this quantum dot system show great potential for application in intermediate band solar cells.
“Green” Oxidation Catalysis for Rapid Deactivation of Bacterial Spores (2006)

A view to a kill: Iron(III)-coordinated tetraamide macrocyclic ligands (see example) activate peroxides in water in the presence of a cationic surfactant to rapidly deactivate spores of the common anthrax surrogate, Bacillus atrophaeus. A 99.99999 % kill can be achieved in 15 min at pH 10 and room temperature with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (see TEM images).
Coupled-cluster and density functional theory studies of the electronic excitation spectra of trans-1,3-butadiene and trans-2-propeniminium (2009)

The electronic excitation spectra of trans-1,3-butadiene (CH(2)=CH-CH=CH(2)) and trans-2-propeniminium (CH(2)=CH-CH=NH(2)(+)) have been studied at several coupled-cluster and time-dependent density functional theory levels using the linear response approach. Systematic studies employing large correlation-consistent basis sets show that approximate singles and doubles coupled-cluster calculations yield excitation energies in good agreement with experiment for all states except for the two lowest excited A(g) states of trans-1,3-butadiene which have significant multiconfigurational character. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations employing the generalized gradient approximation and hybrid functionals yield too low excitation energies in the basis set limit. In trans-1,3-butadiene, increasing the basis set size by augmenting multiple diffuse functions is observed to reduce the high-lying excitation energies with most density functionals. The decrease in the energies is connected to the incorrect asymptotic behavior of the exchange-correlation potential. The results also demonstrate that standard density functionals are not capable of providing excitation energies of sufficient accuracy for experimental assignments.
Ferroelectricity Driven by Twisting of Silicate Tetrahedral Chains (2013)

A lead-free ferroelectric: The occurrence of ferroelectricity is demonstrated in a silicate-based compound (Bi2SiO5, see picture), by direct observation of polarization switching. The mechanism of ferroelectricity in Bi2SiO5 has been studied by Raman scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and first-principles calculations. The observed ferroelectricity stems from twisting of the one-dimensional SiO4 tetrahedral chain. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Compressive Measurements for Video (2007)

Redundancies present in video streams could be used to implement compressive sampling to achieve low power video sensors. We explore the possibilities of using this in the design of compressive video sensors and corresponding algorithms.
Highly-Selective Optoelectronic Nose Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging for Sensing Volatile Organic Compounds (2018)

Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an important issue, but difficult to achieve on a large scale and on the field using conventional analytical methods. Electronic noses (eNs), as promising alternatives, are still compromised by their performances due to the fact that most of them rely on a very limited number of sensors and use databases devoid of kinetic information. To narrow the performance gap between human and electronic noses, we developed a novel optoelectronic nose, which features a large sensor microarray that enables multiplexed monitoring of binding events in real-time with a temporal response. For the first time, surface plasmon resonance imaging is demonstrated as a promising novel analytical tool for VOC detection in the gas phase. By combining it with cross-reactive sensor microarrays, the obtained optoelectronic nose shows a remarkably high selectivity, capable of discriminating between homologous VOCs differing by only a single carbon atom. In addition, the optoelectronic nose has good repeatability and stability. Finally, the preliminary assays using VOC binary and ternary mixtures show that it is also very efficient for the analysis of more complex samples, opening up the exciting perspective of applying it to "real-world" samples in diverse domains.
Magneto-optical Studies On Magnetic Semiconductors (2008)

From the infrared studies on chlorine‐doped Zn(Mn)Se epilayers, first we show that the electron effective mass in Zn1−xMnxSe is lower than that for ZnSe. We review our results with the discussions of effective mass studies reported on other magnetic semiconductors. Secondly, we show how the magneto‐optical studies are essential for clarifying the electronic structure of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). We describe the magneto circular dichroism (MCD) technique as an indispensable tool for studying the s, p‐d exchange interaction and magnetooptical properties in DMSs with examples of paramagnetic Cd1−xMnxTe and ferromagnetic (FM) Ga1−xMnxAs epilayers.
A fundamental structural study of inclusion chemistry: the mutual effects of host and guest in the transition-metal complexes of superstructured cyclidene macrobicycles (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA fundamental structural study of inclusion chemistry: the mutual effects of host and guest in the transition-metal complexes of superstructured cyclidene macrobicyclesNathaniel W. Alcock, Wang Kan Lin, Colin Cairns, Graham A. Pike, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 17, 6630–6643Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00199a024Request reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts