gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ductile All-Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Fabricated from Core–Shell Structured Cellulose Nanofibrils (2014)

Cellulosic materials have many desirable properties such as high mechanical strength and low oxygen permeability and will be an important component in a sustainable biomaterial-based society, but unfortunately they often lack the ductility and formability offered by petroleum-based materials. This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of nanocomposite films made of core-shell modified cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) surrounded by a shell of ductile dialcohol cellulose, created by heterogeneous periodate oxidation followed by borohydride reduction of the native cellulose in the external parts of the individual fibrils. The oxidation with periodate selectively produces dialdehyde cellulose, and the process does not increase the charge density of the material. Yet the modified cellulose fibers could easily be homogenized to CNFs. Prior to film fabrication, the CNF was shown by atomic force microscopy to be 0.5-2 μm long and 4-10 nm wide. The films were fabricated by filtration, and besides uniaxial tensile testing at different relative humidities, they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and oxygen permeability. The strength-at-break at 23 °C and 50% RH was 175 MPa, and the films could, before rupture, be strained, mainly by plastic deformation, to about 15% and 37% at 50% RH and 90% RH, respectively. This moisture plasticization was further utilized to form a demonstrator consisting of a double-curved structure with a nominal strain of 24% over the curvature. At a relative humidity of 80%, the films still acted as a good oxygen barrier, having an oxygen permeability of 5.5 mL·μL/(m(2)·24 h·kPa). These properties indicate that this new material has a potential for use as a barrier in complex-shaped structures and hence ultimately reduce the need for petroleum-based plastics.
Excitonic energy transfer dynamics in hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites at high loading levels (2012)

Temperature dependent exciton migration in the hybrid nanocomposites of conjugated polymers chemically integrated with quantum dots is studied at high loading levels. The underlying interplay between the exciton transfer and diffusion is revealed.
In vitro breast cancer model with patient-specific morphological features for personalized medicine (2022)

<i>In vitro</i>cancer models that can simulate patient-specific drug responses for personalized medicine have attracted significant attention. However, the technologies used to produce such models can only recapitulate the morphological heterogeneity of human cancer tissue. Here, we developed a novel 3D technique to bioprint an<i>in vitro</i>breast cancer model with patient-specific morphological features. This model can precisely mimic the cellular microstructures of heterogeneous cancer tissues and produce drug responses similar to those of human cancers. We established a bioprinting process for generating cancer cell aggregates with ductal and solid tissue microstructures that reflected the morphology of breast cancer tissues, and applied it to develop breast cancer models. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the ductal and solid cancer aggregates bioprinted with human breast cancer cells (MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231) were respectively similar to those of early and advanced cancers. The bioprinted solid cancer cell aggregates showed significantly higher hypoxia (>8 times) and mesenchymal (>2-4 times) marker expressions, invasion activity (>15 times), and drug resistance than the bioprinted ductal aggregates. Co-printing the ductal and solid aggregates produced heterogeneous breast cancer tissue models that recapitulated three different stages of breast cancer tissue morphology. The bioprinted cancer tissue models representing advanced cancer were more and less resistant, respectively, to the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin and the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine; these were analogous to the results in human cancer. The present findings showed that cancer cell aggregates can mimic the pathological micromorphology of human breast cancer tissue and they can be bioprinted to produce breast cancer tissue<i>in vitro</i>that can morphologically represent the clinical stage of cancer in individual patients.
Optimization of spine surgery planning with 3D image templating tools (2008)

The current standard of care for patients with spinal disorders involves a thorough clinical history, physical exam, and imaging studies. Simple radiographs provide a valuable assessment but prove inadequate for surgery planning because of the complex 3-dimensional anatomy of the spinal column and the close proximity of the neural elements, large blood vessels, and viscera. Currently, clinicians still use primitive techniques such as paper cutouts, pencils, and markers in an attempt to analyze and plan surgical procedures. 3D imaging studies are routinely ordered prior to spine surgeries but are currently limited to generating simple, linear and angular measurements from 2D views orthogonal to the central axis of the patient. Complex spinal corrections require more accurate and precise calculation of 3D parameters such as oblique lengths, angles, levers, and pivot points within individual vertebra. We have developed a clinician friendly spine surgery planning tool which incorporates rapid oblique reformatting of each individual vertebra, followed by interactive templating for 3D placement of implants. The template placement is guided by the simultaneous representation of multiple 2D section views from reformatted orthogonal views and a 3D rendering of individual or multiple vertebrae enabling superimposition of virtual implants. These tools run efficiently on desktop PCs typically found in clinician offices or workrooms. A preliminary study conducted with Mayo Clinic spine surgeons using several actual cases suggests significantly improved accuracy of pre-operative measurements and implant localization, which is expected to increase spinal procedure efficiency and safety, and reduce time and cost of the operation.
Robust matching of audio signals using spectral flatness features (2001)

Stimulated by the ever-increasing amount of available multimedia data, content-related techniques for the management of audio material have received much interest recently. This paper discusses the problem of robust identification of audio signals by matching them to a known reference. In order to perform well under realworld conditions, the matching process needs to rely on features which are robust with respect to common signal distortions. A family of suitable features with favorable properties is proposed and evaluated for their recognition performance. Applications of signal matching, including fingerprinting, are discussed.
Lignin-based carbon fiber : effect of softwood kraft lignin separation method on multifilament melt-spinning performance and conversion (2019)

A reference lignin separated from an industrial softwood kraft black liquor via an improved LignoBoost process was compared to four other lignins derived from the same liquor. The four lignins were produced by using a) pH-fractionation within the LignoBoost process, b) ultrafiltration of black liquor prior to the LignoBoost process, and c) solvent leaching of the reference lignin using methanol and d) ethanol.Lignin compositional characteristics and thermal properties were compared, and monofilament extrusion used to assess their potential for successful melt spinning at the 24 filament scale. The lignin prepared by ethanol leaching of the reference lignin was found to be most appropriate for potential pilot scale fibre production. This was owing to a high purity, lower comparative glass transition temperature (Tg), and good spinning performance.Thermal pretreatments of the ethanol leached lignin gave a selection of enhanced lignins which were characterized for comparison, and melt spun on pilot multifilament equipment. The enhanced lignins could be continuously melt spun giving filaments with diameters as low as 10 μm and with minimal defects. Conversion of selected filaments provided carbon fibres with a tensile strength of 1259 ± 159 MPa, tensile modulus of 67 ± 3 GPa and diameter of 7.3 ± 0.5 μm.
Flux-based Cascade Vector Control (2023)

Flux-based cascade vector control is proposed, which uses flux instead of current for torque control. The proposed method does not require any step-response test but instead employs a steady-state test for torque-response calibration. The method is verified by conducting an experiment using an EV motor. A reduction in calibration time is realized with precise torque control response.
Vortex-Fluidic-Mediated Fabrication of Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes Incorporating Graphene Oxide (2022)

Polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated using a continuous flow micro-mixing process under high shear in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), followed by phase inversion of the cast solution. This involved investigating the effect of PSF concentrations (10, 15, and 20%) and rotational speed of the VFD for continuous mixing at 30 °C on the membranes’ properties. These were compared with variants fabricated using conventional batch mixing in relation to structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties, in addition to aspects of hydrophilicity and filtration performance. Graphene oxide (GO) was then incorporated into these membranes using both techniques in order to enhance their properties. The required mixing time for VFD processing was significantly shorter relative to conventional mixing, being reduced from >24 to <4 h. Scanning electron microscopy established that for microfluidic mixing, the PSF membranes possessed a more finger-like cross-section for a 10% PSF concentration, with a more sponge-like structure at higher concentrations. Moreover, the higher the rotational speed of the VFD, the higher the resulting porosity and permeability, with optimal levels of 84.3 ± 2.4% and 106 ± 4.3 LMH/bar, respectively, at 7k rpm. This brought about a 22% increase in porosity and permeability relative to the control experiment using conventional mixing. Compared to pristine PSF membranes, incorporating 1 wt % of GO using VFD processing increased the permeability of the membranes from 97.26 ± 3.3 to 123 ± 3.9 LMH/bar, with the NaCl rejection from 18.53 ± 1.3 to 34.3 ± 1.7% and bovine serum albumin rejection from 53.83 ± 2.00 to 74.2 ± 2.1%, respectively.
Quality of Life and Psychological Factors in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (2007)

INTRODUCTION: As indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has expanded, prophylactic implantations have increased.It has been well understood that some ICD recipients have psychological problems.Some of those problems are recognized as maladjustment syndromes.METHODS: We studied 35 ICD recipients regularly followed at outpatient department of Kyushu University Hospital in order to clarify the psychological distress and the quality of their daily lives (QOL).By using questionnaire instruments (SF-8, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale Revised, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), we studied their psychological status.RESULTS: Depression, anxiety, and post-stress syndromes existed in 45.5% of the ICD recipients and their QOL was compromised.Female ICD recipients reacted to the stress related to ICD implantation differently from male recipients.Elder ICD recipients had a different way of adjustment from the younger recipients.Various ICD related psychological problems were noted in terms of magnitude and diversity.CONCLUSION: To support ICD recipients both physically and mentally, not only the cardiologists but also specialists from other fields such as psychologists and nurse specialists are needed.Ancillary care must be provided through the support team.Cardiologists who determine whether ICD implantation is required must keep in mind potential psychological sequelae.
Adversarial autoencoder ensemble for fast and probabilistic reconstructions of few-shot photon correlation functions for solid-state quantum emitters (2022)

Second-order photon correlation measurements [${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ functions] are widely used to classify single-photon emission purity in quantum emitters or to measure the multiexciton quantum yield of emitters that can simultaneously host multiple excitations -- such as quantum dots -- by evaluating the value of ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau}=0)$. Accumulating enough photons to accurately calculate this value is time consuming and could be accelerated by fitting of few-shot photon correlations. Here, we develop an uncertainty-aware, deep adversarial autoencoder ensemble (AAE) that reconstructs noise-free ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ functions from noise-dominated, few-shot inputs. The model is trained with simulated ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ functions that are facilely generated by Poisson sampling time bins. The AAE reconstructions are performed orders-of-magnitude faster, with reconstruction errors and estimates of ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau}=0)$ that are lower in variance and similar in accuracy compared to Maximum likelihood estimation and Levenberg-Marquardt least-squares fitting approaches, for simulated and experimentally measured few-shot ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ functions (\ensuremath{\sim}100 two-photon events) of InP/ZnS/ZnSe and CdS/CdSe/CdS quantum dots. The deep-ensemble model comprises eight individual autoencoders, allowing for probabilistic reconstructions of noise-free ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$ functions, and we show that the predicted variance scales inversely with number of shots, with comparable uncertainties to computationally intensive Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. This work demonstrates the advantage of machine learning models to perform uncertainty-aware, fast, and accurate reconstructions of simple Poisson-distributed photon correlation functions, allowing for on-the-fly reconstructions and accelerated materials characterization of solid-state quantum emitters.
Iraqi Virtual Scientific Library Evaluation Study An (2018)

نظرا لأهمية المكتبة الافتراضية العلمية العراقية في تعزيز الفكر العلمي للعلماء والباحثين العراقيين , وبما يساعد على رفع مستوى الاداء العلمي في البحث والتطوير , فقد أجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على المحتوى العلمي لها وبيان طرق تنظيمها ونوعية المواد التي تحتويها من حيث المادة العلمية ومدى حاجة الجامعات اليها وملائمتها للتخصصات العلمية . كما تضمن البحث تقويم طريقة التسجيل والوصول إلى محتوياتها وبيان نقاط الضعف فيها , والتعرف على المشكلات التي تواجه المستفيد في التسجيل والاستفادة من خدماتها . وشملت الدراسة أيضا التعرف على دور النشر المساهمة في محتوى المكتبة الافتراضية من عدد ونوعية مشاركتها وطريقة الوصول اليها.
31.1: Invited Paper : World's First 240Hz TFT‐LCD Technology for Full‐HD LCD‐TV and Its Application to 3D Display (2009)

Abstract A full‐HD (FHD) liquid crystal display TV (LCD‐TV) has been enhanced by increasing the panel's frame rate to 240Hz, and this 240Hz driving technology has been applied to 3D TV. Compared to a 120Hz LCD, the 240Hz LCD has two challenges: 1) half of the available pixel charging time, and 2) three times as many interpolated frames. A new architecture has doubled the available pixel charging time by means of a half‐gate two‐data (hG‐2D) driving scheme and a charge‐shared super PVA (CS S‐PVA) pixel structure. Additionally, a 240Hz ME/MC algorithm has been implemented on the LCD module to convert 60Hz incoming frames into 240Hz frames. Motion picture response time (MPRT) of the new LCD‐TV has been measured as 4.7msec, which is similar to the MPRT for a cathode ray tube (CRT) TV.
Data from Comprehensive Biomarker Analysis and Final Efficacy Results of Sorafenib in the BATTLE Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To report the clinical efficacy of sorafenib and to evaluate biomarkers associated with sorafenib clinical benefit in the BATTLE (Biomarker-Integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination) program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with previously treated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received sorafenib until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Eight-week disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Prespecified biomarkers included &lt;i&gt;K-RAS&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;B-RAF&lt;/i&gt; mutations, and &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; gene copy number. Gene expression profiles from NSCLC cell lines and patient tumor biopsies with wild-type &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; were used to develop a sorafenib sensitivity signature (SSS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 105 patients were eligible and randomized to receive sorafenib. Among 98 patients evaluable for eight-week DCR, the observed DCR was 58.2%. The median PFS and OS were 2.83 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.04–3.58] and 8.48 months (95% CI, 5.78–10.97), respectively. Eight-week DCR was higher in patients with wild-type &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; than patients with &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.012), and in patients with &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; gene copy number gain (FISH-positive) versus patients FISH-negative (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.048). In wild-type &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; tumors, the SSS was associated with improved PFS (median PFS 3.61 months in high SSS vs. 1.84 months in low SSS; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.026) but not with eight-week DCR. Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor-1, NF-κB, and hypoxia pathways were identified potential drivers of sorafenib resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Sorafenib demonstrates clinical activity in NSCLC, especially with wild-type &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;. SSS was associated with improved PFS. These data identify subgroups that may derive clinical benefit from sorafenib and merit investigation in future trials. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6967–75. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
New Generation Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Amide‐Based Small‐Molecules with Nonconjugated Backbones (2018)

Abstract State‐of‐the‐art perovskite‐based solar cells employ expensive, organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) such as Spiro‐OMeTAD that, in turn, limits the commercialization of this promising technology. Herein an HTM (EDOT‐Amide‐TPA) is reported in which a functional amide‐based backbone is introduced, which allows this material to be synthesized in a simple condensation reaction with an estimated cost of &lt;$5 g −1 . When employed in perovskite solar cells, EDOT‐Amide‐TPA demonstrates stabilized power conversion efficiencies up to 20.0% and reproducibly outperforms Spiro‐OMeTAD in direct comparisons. Time resolved microwave conductivity measurements indicate that the observed improvement originates from a faster hole injection rate from the perovskite to EDOT‐Amide‐TPA. Additionally, the devices exhibit an improved lifetime, which is assigned to the coordination of the amide bond to the Li‐additive, offering a novel strategy to hamper the migration of additives. It is shown that, despite the lack of a conjugated backbone, the amide‐based HTM can outperform state‐of‐the‐art HTMs at a fraction of the cost, thereby providing a novel set of design strategies to develop new, low‐cost HTMs.
Synthesis and characterization of silver(I) complexes of thioureas and thiocyanate: crystal structure of polymeric (1,3-diazinane-2-thione)thiocyanato silver(I) (2015)

Abstract Silver(I) complexes of thioureas and thiocyanate, [(Tu)AgSCN], [(Metu)AgSCN], [(Dmtu)AgSCN], [(Tmtu)(AgSCN) 1.5 ], [(Imt)AgSCN], and [(Diaz)AgSCN] (where Tu = thiourea, Metu = N -methylthiourea, Dmtu = N , N ′-dimethylthiourea, Tmtu = N , N , N ′, N ′-tetramethylthiourea, Imt = 1,3-imidazolidine-2-thione, and Diaz = 1,3-diazinane-2-thione), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The crystal structure of one of them, [(Diaz)Ag(SCN)] ( 1 ), was determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of 1 shows that the complex exists in the form of a chain-like polymer comprising [Ag( μ 2 -Diaz)( μ 2 -SCN)] units. The silver atoms are bridged by μ 2 -thione sulfur atoms of Diaz and μ 2 -thiocyanate sulfur atoms. Thereby each silver atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral coordination environment comprising four sulfur atoms, two from thione and two from thiocyanate ligands. An upfield shift in the &gt;C=S resonance of thiones in 13 C NMR and a downfield shift in the N–H resonance in 1 H NMR are consistent with the sulfur coordination to silver(I). The appearance of a band around 2100 cm –1 in the IR and a resonance around 125 ppm in the 13 C NMR spectrum indicates the binding of thiocyanate to silver(I).
Vault Nanoparticles: Chemical Modifications for Imaging and Enhanced Delivery (2016)

Vault nanoparticles represent promising vehicles for drug and probe delivery. Innately found within human cells, vaults are stable, biocompatible nanocapsules possessing an internal volume that can encapsulate hundreds to thousands of molecules. They can also be targeted. Unlike most nanoparticles, vaults are nonimmunogenic and monodispersed and can be rapidly produced in insect cells. Efforts to create vaults with modified properties have been, to date, almost entirely limited to recombinant bioengineering approaches. Here we report a systematic chemical study of covalent vault modifications, directed at tuning vault properties for research and clinical applications, such as imaging, targeted delivery, and enhanced cellular uptake. As supra-macromolecular structures, vaults contain thousands of derivatizable amino acid side chains. This study is focused on establishing the comparative selectivity and efficiency of chemically modifying vault lysine and cysteine residues, using Michael additions, nucleophilic substitutions, and disulfide exchange reactions. We also report a strategy that converts the more abundant vault lysine residues to readily functionalizable thiol terminated side chains through treatment with 2-iminothiolane (Traut's reagent). These studies provide a method to doubly modify vaults with cell penetrating peptides and imaging agents, allowing for in vitro studies on their enhanced uptake into cells.
Anti-reflective sub-wavelength patterning of IR optics (2006)

Thermal infrared (IR) lenses require efficient anti-reflection coating. Moth-eye (or egg-box) 2D subwavelength gratings have demonstrated their ability to reach a very high transmission for a wide wavelength and angular range. The use in thermal IR is simplified by the lower resolution for lithographic technology, compared to visible waveband. However, deeper structures must be engraved and lithography must be adapted to IR materials. In order to be cost-effective, the patterning must be produced by replication techniques, such as embossing. Our laboratory is now experimenting hot embossing of moth-eye patterns in chalcogenide substrates. In this paper, theoretical analysis, micro-lithographic technology and manufacturing processes are detailed.
<title>Visual experiment on the Web</title> (1999)

This paper describes the design and some preliminary result of a visual study that was conducted over the WWW. The subjects connected to our server over the Internet, and their own computers were controlled with Java software to produce the visual stimuli. By these means we were able to access a large population of subjects at very low cost, and we were able to conduct a large-scale study in a small amount of time. We developed tools and techniques that allowed some degree of calibration of the display and the viewing conditions, so the result obtained from the different subjects could be analyzed. We found that we could get good estimates of gamma values and pixel sizes of the subjects' displays. However, we also encountered some problems that may limit the types of experiments that can be conducted over the WWW with the present technology. We found that we could not consistently control the presentation time of the stimuli due to inconsistencies between implementations of Java on different platforms.