gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Densest binary sphere packings (2012)

The densest binary sphere packings in the α-x plane of small to large sphere radius ratio α and small sphere relative concentration x have historically been very difficult to determine. Previous research had led to the prediction that these packings were composed of a few known "alloy" phases including, for example, the AlB(2) (hexagonal ω), HgBr(2), and AuTe(2) structures, and to XY(n) structures composed of close-packed large spheres with small spheres (in a number ratio of n to 1) in the interstices, e.g., the NaCl packing for n=1. However, utilizing an implementation of the Torquato-Jiao sphere-packing algorithm [Torquato and Jiao, Phys. Rev. E 82, 061302 (2010)], we have discovered that many more structures appear in the densest packings. For example, while all previously known densest structures were composed of spheres in small to large number ratios of one to one, two to one, and very recently three to one, we have identified densest structures with number ratios of seven to three and five to two. In a recent work [Hopkins et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 125501 (2011)], we summarized these findings. In this work, we present the structures of the densest-known packings and provide details about their characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that a broad array of different densest mechanically stable structures consisting of only two types of components can form without any consideration of attractive or anisotropic interactions. In addition, the structures that we have identified may correspond to currently unidentified stable phases of certain binary atomic and molecular systems, particularly at high temperatures and pressures.
In Vivo PET Measurements with [11C]PE2I to Evaluate Fetal Mesencephalic Transplantations to Unilateral 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rats (2005)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a useful tool to assess and visualize neurotransmissions in vivo. In this study, we performed repeated PET scans with [11C]PE2I, a tracer of the dopamine transporter, to evaluate the alteration of the expression of dopamine (DA) transmission component after a fetal mesencephalic transplantation. The fetal mesencephalic cells were transplanted into the striatum of unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. PET scans with [11C]PE2I were performed to evaluate the DA transporter before and 2 and 4 weeks after the transplantation. Rotation behavior tests, in vitro autoradiography, measurements of DA contents in the striatum by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistological examinations were performed at the same time points and examined for their relationship to changes in the dopamine transporter. The number of ipsilateral rotations induced by methamphetamine injections decreased. DA contents in the striatum measured with HPLC significantly increased. In the PET study, the binding potential of [11C]PE2I increased at 4 weeks. The results of the in vitro autoradiography study corresponded with those of the PET study. The degrees of the change in the binding potentials correlated with those of the numbers of rotations in the behavioral study and the DA contents in the striatum. In the histological examination, TH-positive cells with axons were observed at 2 and 4 weeks after the transplantation. As the dopamine transporter exists only in the axon terminal of DA neurons, these results suggested that PET measurements of [11C]PE2I binding indicated not only survival, but maturity and functioning of the transplanted cells. Repeated PET measurements of DA transporters are a useful tool in assessing the effectiveness of neural transplantations.
Functional Group Accessibility in Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blends. 3. Steric Shielding Effects (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFunctional Group Accessibility in Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blends. 3. Steric Shielding EffectsGeorge J. Pehlert, Paul C. Painter, and Michael M. ColemanView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 23, 8423–8424Publication Date (Web):October 24, 1998Publication History Received23 April 1998Published online24 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980653ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980653obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbonyls,Copolymers,Functional groups,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of TunisianDiplotaxis simplex(Brassicaceae) (2015)

This study investigates the polyphenol content of Diplotaxis simplex extract and the biological activities of the main organ. The analysed extracts showed that polyphenol contents varied considerably as a function of organs. Furthermore, novel biological activities of this species were assessed. Flower extracts exhibit a potent in vitro antioxidant capacity using oxygen radical absorbance capacity and displayed a strong anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting nitric oxide release, by 79.3% at 160 μg/mL. Our findings suggested that the Diplotaxis flower is a valuable source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.
Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network Position Statement: Antiviral Resistance in Influenza A/H5N1 Viruses (2005)

The emerging epidemic of H5N1 avian influenza virus with spillover into the human population in Asia has provoked intense concern globally about the potential of these particularly pathogenic viruses to evolve with the capacity for human-to-human transmission with a consequent pandemic. The availability of antiviral drugs with activity against influenza A viruses and the recognition of drug-resistant variants to these drugs prompted the following report by a select group of the global experts--members of the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network--on the best use of the available drugs, both for prophylaxis and treatment. The editors of Antiviral Therapy are pleased to be able to provide this document in an expeditious manner.
Detailed Transmission Network Analysis of a Large Opiate-Driven Outbreak of HIV Infection in the United States (2017)

In January 2015, an outbreak of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among persons who inject drugs (PWID) was recognized in rural Indiana. By September 2016, 205 persons in this community of approximately 4400 had received a diagnosis of HIV infection. We report results of new approaches to analyzing epidemiologic and laboratory data to understand transmission during this outbreak. HIV genetic distances were calculated using the polymerase region. Networks were generated using data about reported high-risk contacts, viral genetic similarity, and their most parsimonious combinations. Sample collection dates and recency assay results were used to infer dates of infection. Epidemiologic and laboratory data each generated large and dense networks. Integration of these data revealed subgroups with epidemiologic and genetic commonalities, one of which appeared to contain the earliest infections. Predicted infection dates suggest that transmission began in 2011, underwent explosive growth in mid-2014, and slowed after the declaration of a public health emergency. Results from this phylodynamic analysis suggest that the majority of infections had likely already occurred when the investigation began and that early transmission may have been associated with sexual activity and injection drug use. Early and sustained efforts are needed to detect infections and prevent or interrupt rapid transmission within networks of uninfected PWID.
Optimizing production of Fc-amidated peptides by Chinese hamster ovary cells (2015)

Peptide amidation was increased over endogenous levels by exogenous PAM, and targeting PAM to the endoplasmic reticulum or trans-Golgi network increased peptide amidation compared to endogenous CHO PAM.
Supplemental Dataset 2 from Detecting the Presence and Progression of Premalignant Lung Lesions via Airway Gene Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Results of pathway enrichment using ROAST (FDR&lt;0.05). The column "Direction" refers to pathway enrichment among genes up-regulated (Up) or down-regulated (Down) in the presence of PMLs.&lt;/p&gt;
Biomass-derived wearable energy storage systems based on poplar tree-cotton fibers coupled with binary nickel–cobalt nanostructures (2019)

We demonstrated symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors (SSCs and ASCs) based on core/shell-like Ni–Co oxide@cotton//Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–carbon nanotubes@cotton that are capable of storing a remarkable amount of energy, while retaining a high power density and long cycle life.
Effect of 18F-FDG Uptake Time on Lesion Detectability in PET Imaging of Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2015)

Prior reports have suggested that delayed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) oncology imaging can improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for known lesions. Our goal was to estimate realistic bounds for lesion detectability for static measurements within 1 to 4 hours between FDG injection and image acquisition. Tumor and normal tissue kinetic model parameters were estimated from dynamic PET studies of patients with early-stage breast cancer. These parameters were used to generate time-activity curves (TACs) for up to 4 hours, for which we assumed both nonreversible and reversible models with different rates of FDG dephosphorylation (k4). For each pair of tumor and normal tissue TACs, 600 PET sinogram realizations were generated, and images were reconstructed using the ordered subsets expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm. Test statistics for each tumor and normal tissue region of interest were output from the computer model observers and evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic analysis, with the calculated area under the curve (AUC) providing a measure of lesion detectability. For the nonreversible model (k4 = 0), the AUC increased in 11 of 23 (48%) patients for 1 to 2 hours after the current standard postradiotracer injection imaging window of 1 hour. This improvement was driven by increased tumor/normal tissue contrast before the impact of increased noise that resulted from radiotracer decay began to dominate the imaging signal. As k4 was increased from 0 to 0.01 min−1, the time of maximum detectability shifted earlier, due to decreasing FDG concentration in the tumor lowering the CNR. These results imply that delayed PET imaging may reveal inconspicuous lesions that otherwise would have gone undetected.
OPS laser EPI design for different wavelengths (2009)

Design of optimized semiconductor optically-pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) depends on many ingredients starting from the quantum wells, barrier and cladding layers all the way through to the resonant-periodic gain (RPG) and high reflectivity Bragg mirror (DBR) making up the OPSL active mirror. Accurate growth of the individual layers making up the RPG region is critical if performance degradation due to cavity misalignment is to be avoided. Optimization of the RPG+DBR structure requires knowledge of the heat generation and heating sinking of the active mirror. Nonlinear Control Strategies SimuLase<sup>TM</sup> software, based on rigorous many-body calculations of the semiconductor optical response, allows for quantum well and barrier optimization by correlating low intensity photoluminescence spectra computed for the design, with direct experimentally measured wafer-level edge and surface PL spectra. Consequently, an OPSL device optimization procedure ideally requires a direct iterative interaction between designer and grower. In this article, we discuss the application of the many-body microscopic approach to OPSL devices lasing at 850nm, 1040nm and 2&#956;m. The latter device involves and application of the many-body approach to mid-IR OPSLs based on antimonide materials. Finally we will present results on based on structural modifications of the epitaxial structure and/or novel material combinations that offer the potential to extend OPSL technology to new wavelength ranges.
Multi-Operand Directed Logic-Based Electro-Optic Gates for Ultracompact Optical Computing (2019)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a multi-operand electro-optic logic gate that allows a single gate to be controlled by several inputs simultaneously. A thorough analysis of its performance is fully implemented, which shows its potential to outperform the traditional logic gate in many aspects.
Local Structure Properties of Hydrogenated and Nonhydrogenated Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O Thin Films Using XAFS and High-Energy XRD (2021)

The strong effect of impurity hydrogen (H) on subgap electronic states in amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) was confirmed using standard (STD) and ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) sputtering systems with different base pressures of 10–4 and 10–7 Pa, respectively. However, comprehensive studies of the atomic-scale structure have yet to be reported. We investigated the correlations between the atomic-scale structure, the electronic state, and the impurity hydrogen content in a-IGZO by high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) coupled with reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. XAFS probed the distribution of unoccupied electronic states above the Fermi level and the local coordination structure around the In, Ga, and Zn atoms. A possible contribution for H from voids in the a-IGZO films was observed by the HEXRD and RMC configuration models. In contrast, the STD 3% film has many voids, which are occupied by impurity H. The proportion of lower coordinated M-O (M = Zn, Ga, In) structures is increased because of the H in voids. We revealed that this electronic and atomic-scale structure of the a-IGZO TFTs, which results in enhanced TFT characteristics, can be stabilized by the hydrogen-passivated defects resulting from STD sputtering with an optimum oxygen flow rate ratio of 3%.
Demonstrating the Practical Value of New Health Technologies (2003)

The applications of telemedicine are extremely diverse. They can be categorised as follows: teleconsulting, telemonitoring, centralised networked training as well as continuing and further education, and information systems. At the heart of telemedicine is, of course, the improvement of patient care, including care in decentralized parts of the health system. Expertise and therefore quality should be brought into the medical care system across the board by medical centers using technical aids. Particularly in rural areas, this increases a patient's chances of being able to be treated at home, even in the presence of complications or relatively rare medical conditions. Modern information and communication technologies also allow medical establishments or groups of establishments to manage their resources more efficiently. In this paper are presented many ongoing telemedicine projects at the University of Regensburg that demonstrate that beneficial aspects of telemedicine result not only in verifiable improvements in quality of care but also in substantial savings.
On the feasibility of precoding-based network alignment for three unicast sessions (2012)

We consider the problem of network coding across three unicast sessions over a directed acyclic graph, when each session has min-cut one. Previous work by Das et al. adapted a precoding-based interference alignment technique, originally developed for the wireless interference channel, specifically to this problem. We refer to this approach as precoding-based network alignment (PBNA). Similar to the wireless setting, PBNA asymptotically achieves half the minimum cut; different from the wireless setting, its feasibility depends on the graph structure. Das et al. provided a set of feasibility conditions for PBNA with respect to a particular precoding matrix. However, the set consisted of an infinite number of conditions, which is impossible to check in practice. Furthermore, the conditions were purely algebraic, without interpretation with regards to the graph structure. In this paper, we first prove that the set of conditions provided by Das. et al are also necessary for the feasibility of PBNA with respect to any precoding matrix. Then, using two graph-related properties and a degree-counting technique, we reduce the set to just four conditions. This reduction enables an efficient algorithm for checking the feasibility of PBNA on a given graph.
A Tunable Erbium-Doped Waveguid Amplifier-Based Ring Laser with Single-Frequency Operation (2006)

A fiber ring laser with the wavelength tunability and single-longitudinal-mode oscillation based on a C-band erbium-doped waveguide amplifier is proposed and demonstrated. A saturable-absorber-based autotracking filter is utilized to guarantee the single-frequency operation.
Conductive Polyaniline Patterns on Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering (2021)

Currently, the challenge for bone tissue engineering is to design a scaffold that would mimic the structure and biological functions of the extracellular matrix and would be able to direct the appropriate response of cells through electrochemical signals, thus stimulate faster bone formation. The purpose of the presented research was to perform and evaluate PCL/n-HAp scaffolds locally modified with a conductive polymer-polyaniline. The material was obtained using electrospinning, and a simple ink-jet printing method was applied to receive the conductive polyaniline patterns on the surface of the electrospun materials. The samples of scaffolds were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC, TGA), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after immersion of the material in Simulated Body Fluid. The effect of PANI patterns on changes in the SBF mineralization process and cell morphology was evaluated in order to prove that the presented material enables the growth and proliferation of bone cells.
Survival of lethal poxvirus infection in mice depends on TLR9, and therapeutic vaccination provides protection (2008)

Poxviruses such as the causative agent of smallpox have developed multiple strategies to suppress immune responses, including the suppression of DC activation. Since poxviruses are large DNA viruses, we hypothesized that their detection by DCs may involve the endosomal DNA recognition receptor TLR9. Indeed, we have shown here that DC recognition of ectromelia virus (ECTV), the causative agent of mousepox, completely depended on TLR9. The importance of TLR9 was highlighted by the fact that mice lacking TLR9 showed drastically increased susceptibility to infection with ECTV. In contrast, we found that the strongly attenuated poxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) activated DCs by both TLR9-dependent and -independent pathways. We therefore tested whether we could use the broader induction of immune responses by MVA to protect mice from a lethal infection with ECTV. Indeed, MVA given at the same time as a lethal dose of ECTV protected mice from death. Importantly, MVA also rescued TLR9-deficient mice if administered 2 full days after an otherwise lethal infection with ECTV. Therefore, these data suggest an essential role for TLR9 in the defense against poxviruses. In addition, postexposure application of MVA may protect against lethal poxvirus infection.
Data from Circulating Tumor DNA as an Early Indicator of Response to T-cell Transfer Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Adoptive transfer of activated autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate complete, durable regressions in patients with metastatic melanoma. Responding patients generally do not have significant changes in noncutaneous RECIST targets before 30 to 60 days following TIL infusion, and complete responses are often not confirmed for 1 to 2 years. There is a critical need for a biomarker that can provide early information regarding the likelihood and duration of a response to enable rational decisions about altering therapy. We wished to evaluate the role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in separating responding from nonresponding patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We studied BRAF V600E ctDNA levels by a sensitive allele-specific PCR assay in 388 serum samples from 48 patients who received TIL immunotherapy at the NCI and correlated differences in the dynamic patterns of their ctDNA measurements with response outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A strong correlation was found between the presence or absence of an early serum peak of V600E ctDNA, and the likelihood of an objective response. Furthermore, patients that developed an early ctDNA peak and cleared their serum of V600E ctDNA were highly likely to achieve a complete response over the next 1 to 2 years. Patients that showed no peak of V600E ctDNA failed to achieve an objective response, with one exception.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We show that the dynamic changes occurring in BRAF V600E ctDNA levels within the first month following T-cell transfer immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma can be used to rapidly identify responding from nonresponding patients, potentially allowing clinicians to make critical treatment-related decisions in a more timely manner. These data also suggest that the majority of tumor killing by TIL occurs very early after the initiation of therapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5480–6. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Phantoms with skin-mimicking layers of variable pigmentation level: characterizing impacts of melanin on photoacoustic imaging systems (2022)

Many applications of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) involve transdermal light delivery, and variable epidermal melanin content may be a potential confounding factor causing signal attenuation and imaging artifacts such as clutter. We developed polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) phantoms including epidermal and dermal layers. Skin phantoms were placed atop a breast-mimicking PVCP phantom to assess image quality. Nigrosin was added to epidermal layers to simulate Fitzpatrick Types I-VI and yielded a melanin-like spectral slope. Image quality testing indicated that higher pigmentation caused stronger clutter and reduced imaging depth. Phantom-based test methods may support evaluation of PAI device sensitivity to skin pigmentation variation.
Software-Defined Networking (2017)

The SDN architecture approach has been repeatedly applied successfully to multiple generations of AT&T networking services from traditional circuit-switching through current IP/MPLS services (see Chapter 1). AT&T's design and implementation of SDN for network functions virtualization builds on this prior development experience with the overarching goal of designing and implementing a programmable network-control platform for near real-time service management and network management—which is the subject of this chapter.
Cell cycle and vascular targets for radiotherapy (2012)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published