gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Pressure Processing Technology on Bioactives in Fruits and Cereals (2011)

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in moving from conventional methods of processing for food preservation toward the use of novel and emerging nonthermal food processing technologies, to control or eliminate microbes, enzymes, or chemical reactions and deliver more fresh-like, nutritious, valueadded, and safe high-quality food products to satisfy consumer demand for less processed foods with an extended shelf-life and that are free from additives. High pressure processing (HPP), irradiation, pulsed electric eld (PEF), ultraviolet light (UVL), and other nonthermal processing methods are becoming increasingly popular to treat foods, capable of eliminating harmful microorganisms in foods, while minimizing thermal degradation reactions in foods compared to thermal processing (Barbosa-Cánovas et al. 1998; Barbosa-Cánovas et al. 2005; Guerrero-Beltráni et al. 2005). More information on various nonthermal processing technologies is available from the Nonthermal Processing Division of the Institute of Food Technologists (https://www.ift.org/divisions/nonthermal/). The major aims of utilizing these methods are to improve food safety and food quality concomitantly, and thereby facilitate the development of innovative high value products and the creation of new opportunities for expanding markets.
Experimental Investigation of Operating Parameters in Power Generation by Lab‐Scale Reverse Electro‐Dialysis (RED) (2016)

The reverse electro‐dialysis ( RED ) is a renewable technology to produce electricity by mixing of differently concentrated water. In this study, the authors fabricated lab‐scale RED , and attempted to evaluate the RED performance upon different operating parameters. Firstly, the effect of salinity ratio on the RED performance was examined by varying the concentration of low‐salinity water. The performance was optimized by an increase in open circuit voltage ( OCV ) and cell resistance with salinity ratio. Individual resistances were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and their impacts on power output were addressed. Second, the effect of flow rate of salinity solutions was studied, and it was found to affect the concentration polarization in RED . Lastly, the effect of the flow rate of electrode rinse solution was investigated, which increased the ionic shortcut current and decreased boundary layer resistance accordingly. Consequently, estimations on the trends in power output by changing operating parameters were made to determine the effective operation of RED .
STAR-CITY (2014)

This paper presents STAR-CITY, a system supporting semantic traffic analytics and reasoning for city. STAR-CITY, which integrates (human and machine-based) sensor data using variety of formats, velocities and volumes, has been designed to provide insight on historical and real-time traffic conditions, all supporting efficient urban planning. Our system demonstrates how the severity of road traffic congestion can be smoothly analyzed, diagnosed, explored and predicted using semantic web technologies. We present how semantic diagnosis and predictive reasoning, both using and interpreting semantics of data to deliver useful, accurate and consistent inferences, have been exploited and adapted systematized in an intelligent user interface. Our prototype of semantics-aware traffic analytics and reasoning, experimented in Dublin City Ireland, works and scales efficiently with historical together with real live and heterogeneous stream data.
Continuous Selection of Optimized Traffic Light Schedules: A Machine Learning Approach (2018)

Machine learning-based optimization of traffic light programs has been successfully employed to reduce emissions and traffic delays. Due to the variability of traffic flows, it is common practice to optimize multiple traffic light programs tailored for specific conditions and deploy them at predetermined times of the day or days of the week. We explore an alternative to this manual set-interval methodology. We create a system to automatically select the appropriate light controller program in response to continuously changing conditions. We analyze the current traffic density and close-time traffic patterns and instantiate the correct pre-optimized light program based on current conditions. Rather than creating a small set of programs tailored for specific periods of the day, we automatically create, and select from, an over-complete set of light controllers. Based on historic observations, a combination of machine learning approaches are used to find the best representative set of traffic flows to model the system. From these, multiple traffic-light controllers are created to address each flow individually. Using the automated matching system, we achieved reductions in both emissions and travel time over previously optimized lights. We examine the robustness of the system by ensuring that the system operates under large amounts of variability in traffic.
MO416: Predicting Serum Bicarbonate in Non-Dialysis Dependent CKD Patients (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic acidosis (HCO3 &amp;lt; 22 mmol/L) is associated with an increased hazard of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1, 2]. It is further associated with muscle wasting, bone disease, hypoalbuminemia, increased inflammation, protein malnutrition, and progression of CKD [3]. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara is an urban public hospital serving a population of low socioeconomic status for whom HCO3 measurements are not included in their healthcare services and create costs around 70% of which our population cannot afford. We aimed to develop a model allowing us to predict HCO3 in CKD patients and tested its diagnostic performance. METHOD Patients at CKD stage 3–5 from our pre-dialysis clinic were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study which served as a model development. Creatinine, weight, height, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, presence of diabetes, total body water calculated by the Watson equation and eGFR calculated with the CKD-EPI formula were utilized. We performed uni- and multivariate linear regression between measured serum HCO3 and the available variables. A hypothesis-driven step-wise approach for parameter inclusion based on the Akaike Information criterion and optimization of the coefficient of determination was employed to construct the final model predicting serum HCO3. Diagnostic performance for detecting metabolic acidosis using the estimated HCO3 (eHCO3) was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis and computation of sensitivity, specificity and the positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV). Post-test probabilities at different pre-test probabilities (prevalence) were assessed using Bayes’ theorem. RESULTS We screened 1089 patients and included 284 patients [62 (21 IQR), 56% male, 69±14kg, 27% at CKD stage 3 and 34% and 40% at stage 4 and 5, respectively] in the analysis. The final model [eHCO] = 21.47 + 0.61 Ca + 0.43 Na + 0.95 TBW-0.61 Pi-0.51 K-0.53 Cl-0.008 Urea + 0.95 If diabetic had an adjusted R2:0.57, RMSE 2.4 on 275df, P-value: &amp;lt;0.001. The mean difference between HCO3 and eHCO was 0 (95% CI −4.9 to 4.9). Diagnostic performance quantified as AUC ROC 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.91). At a prevalence of metabolic acidosis of 56% with a chosen threshold of 20 mEq/L, the model has a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 95% and a PPV of 94% and NPV of 63%, at a prevalence of 56%. Simulation of the post-test probabilities using Bayesian analysis is shown in Figure 1. CONCLUSION At a considerably high specificity of 95%, we can make predictions with a relatively low risk of treating subjects without metabolic acidosis with bicarbonate. Given the cost saving for the patients and the added insights and diagnostic capability, we believe that the prediction of serum HCO3 by biochemical parameters as done in our model will prove useful in settings with limited resources such as our uninsured urban population in Mexico. Validation of our model is the next step and planned future research.
Analysis of gain saturation characteristics in SOAs for different input pulse shapes (2014)

This paper presents the gain saturation characteristics for different input pulse shapes in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is used for simulation and compared the gain saturation characteristics in SOA for different pulse shapes.
Adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 administered systemically after reperfusion preferentially targets cardiomyocytes in the infarct border zone with pharmacodynamics suitable for the attenuation of left ventricular remodeling (2012)

Systemic administration of AAV9 vectors after IR both elevates and accelerates gene expression that preferentially targets cardiomyocytes in the border zone with pharmacodynamics suitable for the attenuation of LV remodeling.
Identification of human CD4 + T cell populations with distinct antitumor activity (2020)

How naturally arising human CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper subsets affect cancer immunotherapy is unclear. We reported that human CD4<sup>+</sup>CD26<sup>high</sup> T cells elicit potent immunity against solid tumors. As CD26<sup>high</sup> T cells are often categorized as T<sub>H</sub>17 cells for their IL-17 production and high CD26 expression, we posited these populations would have similar molecular properties. Here, we reveal that CD26<sup>high</sup> T cells are epigenetically and transcriptionally distinct from T<sub>H</sub>17 cells. Of clinical importance, CD26<sup>high</sup> and T<sub>H</sub>17 cells engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) regressed large human tumors to a greater extent than enriched T<sub>H</sub>1 or T<sub>H</sub>2 cells. Only human CD26<sup>high</sup> T cells mediated curative responses, even when redirected with a suboptimal CAR and without aid by CD8<sup>+</sup> CAR T cells. CD26<sup>high</sup> T cells cosecreted effector cytokines, produced cytotoxic molecules, and persisted long term. Collectively, our work underscores the promise of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell populations to improve durability of solid tumor therapies.
THREE PARAMETERS FOR RELATING SMALL-SCALE TEMPORAL FADING STATISTICS TO MULTIPATH ANGLES-OF-ARRIVAL (1999)

The accurate classification of autocorre­ lation (second-order) small-scale fading statistics for mobile receivers over a local area is essential for stud­ ies involving equalization, diversity: adaptive arrays, and any other wireless concept affected by the time­ varying channel or multipath angle-of-arrival charac­ teristics. This paper establishes a relationship be­ tween small-scale fading and the directivity of im­ pinging waves at a mobile receiver by deriving second­ order fading statistics in terms of three new multi path angle-of-arrival parameters. receiver over a local area - and derives an equation for local area fading rate variance in terms of spatial channel parameters. Furthermore, these spatial pa­ rameters are shown to have basic physical meanings, related to the multipath angle-of-arrival characteris­ tics. Three examples of directional multipath mod­ els are presented to clarify this relationship. The key result is Eqn (1), an expression relating fading be­ havior to multipath propagation of arbitrary spatial complexity.
Effect of intentional bulk contamination with iron on multicrystalline silicon solar cell properties (2007)

The influence of intentional iron bulk contamination on the performances of boron doped p-type multicrystalline silicon solar cells was investigated. Solar cells were made from iron contaminated wafers, with an initial dissolved iron concentration 100 times higher than that of standard wafers. Nevertheless, the conversion efficiency of these cells was not impacted by this intentional contamination. We showed that this tolerance toward iron was due to the efficiency of the gettering and hydrogenation effects, complementary in this material. While phosphorus diffusion (extracting more than 99% of the iron from the bulk) is slightly limited in regions of high dislocation density, hydrogen diffuses through the whole thickness of the wafer and passivates defects and remaining impurities, with its diffusion being faster along extended defects
Biochemical and genetic analyses of N metabolism in maize testcross seedlings: 2. Roots (2018)

Intracellular factors differentially affected enzyme activities of N assimilation in the roots of maize testcrosses where alanine aminotransferase and glutamate synthase were the main enzymes regulating the levels of glutamate. N is a key macronutrient for plant growth and development. Breeding maize with improved efficiency in N use could help reduce environmental contamination as well as increase profitability for the farmers. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of traits related to N metabolism in the root tissue was undertaken in a maize testcross mapping population grown in hydroponic cultures. N concentration was negatively correlated with root and total dry mass. Neither the enzyme activities nor metabolites were appreciably correlated between the root and leaf tissues. Repeatability measures for most of the enzymes were lower than for dry mass. Weak negative correlations between most of the enzymes and dry mass resulted likely from dilution and suggested the presence of excess of enzyme activities for maximal biomass production. Glutamate synthase and alanine aminotransferase each explained more variation in glutamate concentration than either aspartate aminotransferase or asparagine synthetase whereas glutamine synthetase was inconsequential. Twenty-six QTL were identified across all traits. QTL models explained 7-43% of the variance with no significant epistasis between the QTL. Thirteen candidate genes were identified underlying QTL within 1-LOD confidence intervals. All the candidate genes were located in trans configuration, unlinked or even on different chromosomes, relative to the known genomic positions of the corresponding structural genes. Our results have implications in improving NUE in maize and other crop plants.
Unravelling the pathogenesis of the ARX homeobox mutations; role of IPO13 (2009)

A frequently mutated gene causing X-linked intellectual disability is the Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) gene. Nonsense mutations, polyalanine tract expansions and missense mutations in ARX are implicated in a range of intellectual disability phenotypes with or without additional features including epilepsy, infantile spasms, hand dystonia, lissencephaly, autism and dysarthria. Severe phenotypes, such as X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG), are frequently observed in individuals with missense or nonsense mutations clustered in the conserved paired-type homeodomain. In this report we have identified a novel point mutation (c.1135C&amp;gt;A, p.R379S) in the homeodomain of ARX in a patient with infantile spasms and intellectual disability. We investigated this and other missense mutations (R332P, R332H, R332C, T333N and R379L) in residues of the nuclear localisation sequences (NLS) flanking either end of the ARX homeodomain, associated with XLAG and Proud syndrome phenotypes. The NLS regions in the ARX homeodomain are required for correct nuclear transport due to binding to the import protein, Importin 13 (IPO13). Moreover, the arginine residues involved with these mutations (position 5 and 52 of the paired-type homeodomain) are invariant in all 26 family members containing this homeodomain and are frequent sites of missense and non-sense mutations associated with a range of diseases. In this study we demonstrate missense mutations in either the N-terminal or C-terminal NLS regions of the ARX homeodomain cause significant disruption to nuclear localisation of the mutant transcription factor protein in vitro. Surprisingly, none of these mutations abolished the binding of the mutant protein to the nuclear transport protein IPO13, confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immmunoflorescence studies. Instead, endogenous IPO13 remained bound to the mutant ARX proteins, even in the RanGTP rich nuclear environment, which normally causes the release of cargo from IPO13. We conclude in addition to inadequate accumulation and distribution of the ARX transcription factor within the nucleus, the extended sequestration of the ARX cargo with IPO13 most likely contributes to the pathogenesis observed in patients with XLAG, Proud syndrome and infantile spasms caused by mutations in the residues of the NLS regions of the ARX homeodomain.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations are linked to skip N2 lymph node metastasis in resected non-small-cell lung cancer adenocarcinomas† (2016)

In our series, lung adenocarcinoma skip N2 metastasis demonstrated a favourable prognosis. The presence of EGFR mutations could have significance in the better survival and in the specific anatomic pathway of lymphatic metastases exhibited by skip N2 tumours.
Overexpression of urokinase receptor increases matrix invasion without altering cell migration in a human osteosarcoma cell line. (1993)

Proteolysis triggered by receptor-bound urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) involves a cascade of species-specific molecular interactions. To study the role of the uPA receptor (uPAR) in such interactions, a human osteosarcoma cell line (HOS), which normally expresses low levels of uPAR, was transfected with human uPAR complementary DNA. One of several stably transformed clonal cells lines, designated 2A2, was characterized and compared to the parental HOS, revealing the following: (a) stable incorporation of uPAR complementary DNA into the genome demonstrated by Southern blot analysis; (b) a 10-fold increase in steady state mRNA levels of uPAR assessed by Northern blot analysis; (c) a 2-fold increase in the surface expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored uPAR protein determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by the specific binding of radiolabeled single chain uPA; (d) a 2-fold increase in internalization and degradation of radiolabeled uPA/PAI-1 complexes; and (e) a 2-fold increase in receptor-bound uPA-mediated plasmin generation measured by the cleavage of a chromogenic substrate and degradation of 125I-labeled laminin. The involvement of uPAR in cellular processes was determined by comparing 2A2 and HOS cells in in vitro migration and invasion assays. The migration of 2A2 cells were slower on fibronectin-coated surfaces in a linear under-agarose assay, but both cell lines migrated at the same rate on uncoated polycarbonate filters in Boyden chamber assays. In the invasion experiments, 4 times more 2A2 than HOS cells penetrated through the barrier of reconstituted basement membrane Matrigel. These data suggest that uPAR does not potentiate random cell migration but facilitates matrix degradation and subsequent cell invasion.
Mechanisms of Action of Neural Grafts in the Limbic System (1988)

This review summarizes the range of possible mechanisms of action of neuronal grafts in the central nervous system. It aims to illustrate the capacity and limitations of the transplanted tissue in the promotion of neurological recovery after experimental surgical insults.
Linking Glass‐Transition Behavior to Photophysical and Charge Transport Properties of High‐Mobility Conjugated Polymers (2020)

Abstract The measurement of the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers can reveal highly relevant information linking optoelectronic properties to underlying microstructures and the knowledge of the glass transition temperature ( T g ) is paramount for informing the choice of processing conditions and for interpreting the thermal stability of devices. In this work, we use dynamical mechanical analysis to determine the T g of a range of state‐of‐the‐art conjugated polymers with different degrees of crystallinity that are widely studied for applications in organic field‐effect transistors. We compare our measured values for T g to the theoretical value predicted by a recent work based on the concept of effective mobility ζ. The comparison shows that for conjugated polymers with a modest length of the monomer units, the T g values agree well with theoretically predictions. However, for the near‐amorphous, indacenodithiophene–benzothiadiazole family of polymers with more extended backbone units, values for T g appear to be significantly higher, predicted by theory. However, values for T g are correlated with the sub‐bandgap optical absorption suggesting the possible role of the interchain short contacts within materials’ amorphous domains.
Hybridized fuzzy cellular automata thresholding algorithm for edge detection optimized by PSO (2013)

In this paper we discuss the application of two-dimensional linear cellular automata (CA) rules with the help of fuzzy heuristic membership function to the problems of edge detection in image processing applications. We proposed an efficient and simple thresholding technique of edge detection based on fuzzy cellular automata transition rules optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO). Finally, we present some results of the proposed linear rules for edge detection and compare with some classical results.
Characterization of an Experimentally Induced Inner Ear Immune Response (2000)

Although in general the immune response serves to protect an organism from infection, these results demonstrate that bystander injury associated with local immune responses in the cochlea, an organ incapable of regeneration, causes permanent cochlear destruction and hearing loss.
Is Gamma-Band Activity in the Local Field Potential of V1 Cortex a "Clock" or Filtered Noise? (2011)

Gamma-band (25-90 Hz) peaks in local field potential (LFP) power spectra are present throughout the cerebral cortex and have been related to perception, attention, memory, and disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and autism). It has been theorized that gamma oscillations provide a "clock" for precise temporal encoding and "binding" of signals about stimulus features across brain regions. For gamma to function as a clock, it must be autocoherent: phase and frequency conserved over a period of time. We computed phase and frequency trajectories of gamma-band bursts, using time-frequency analysis of LFPs recorded in macaque primary visual cortex (V1) during visual stimulation. The data were compared with simulations of random networks and clock signals in noise. Gamma-band bursts in LFP data were statistically indistinguishable from those found in filtered broadband noise. Therefore, V1 LFP data did not contain clock-like gamma-band signals. We consider possible functions for stochastic gamma-band activity, such as a synchronizing pulse signal.
Direct Catalytic Enantioselective α‐Aminomethylation of Ketones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optical attenuator for plastic optical fiber with small dependencies on mode and wavelength (1991)

We propose the fabrication of an in-line-type optical attenuator with high performance by thermally replicating carbon-dispersed polymethyl methacrylate film at the end of plastic optical fiber. When carbon with a particle size of 50 nm is employed, the dependency of the attenuation on the mode of excitation is within +/-10% even for variations in FWHM of incident modal width in the range of 10 degrees to 50 degrees . For the dependency of the attenuation on the wavelength, the value was also within +/-variations of wavelength from 400 to 900 nm.