gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of vaccines against peste des petits ruminants: CIRAD's achievements and future challenges (2015)

CIRAD, France, in collaboration with the Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom, was the first laboratory to develop a live attenuated vaccine against peste des petits ruminants (PPR). This vaccine available in the 1980s was shown to provide a life-long immunity after a single injection [5] and is now widely used in sheep and goats. New vaccines are in development, more specifically thermotolerant vaccines for use in tropical conditions and DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines to gain virus-free status more easily and rapidly. This paper reviews most of the current and recently developed vaccines at CIRAD and emphasises their adequate delivery and utilisation in the field, for successfully decreasing the incidence of PPR.
Single Versus Multiple Prototypes: Medical Device Design Practitioners’ Rationale for Varying Prototype Quantities to Engage Stakeholders During Front-End Design (2020)

Abstract Engaging stakeholders during medical device design processes, especially during front-end design activities, is a critical consideration for successful product design, which includes the safety and effectiveness of devices. The use of prototypes with stakeholders is encouraged by proponents of human-centered design, but guidelines for front-end stakeholder engagement with detailed descriptions of prototyping practices are lacking. One important question design practitioners must ask for each stakeholder engagement is how many prototypes to use. This study investigated reasons design practitioners chose to use one or more prototypes to engage stakeholders during front-end design activities within their design projects. Participants described using multiple prototypes, for example, to allow stakeholders to compare across different design alternatives, and to convey to stakeholders that multiple alternatives are being explored. Participants described using a single prototype, for instance, to probe for deep responses about a narrow topic and to refine a single concept through feedback. These results have the potential to inform design decisions and pedagogical approaches to prototyping use.
Reliable GaN-based resonant tunneling diodes with reproducible room-temperature negative differential resistance (2011)

Resonant tunneling diode (RTD) is an electronic device embodying a unique quantum-interference phenomenon: negative differential resistance (NDR). Compared to other negative resistance devices such as (Esaki) tunnel and transferred-electron devices, RTDs operate much faster and at higher temperatures. III-nitride materials, composed of AlGaInN alloys, have wide bandgap, high carrier mobility and thermal stability; making them ideal for high power high frequency RTDs. Moreover, larger conduction band discontinuity promise higher NDR than other materials (such as GaAs) and room-temperature operation. However, earlier efforts on GaN-based RTD structures have failed to achieve a reliable and reproducible NDR. Recently, we have demonstrated for the first time that minimizing dislocation density and eliminating the piezoelectric fields enable reliable and reproducible NDR in GaN-based RTDs even at room temperature. Observation of NDR under both forward and reverse bias as well as at room and low temperatures attribute the NDR behaviour to quantum tunneling. This demonstration marks an important milestone in exploring III-nitride quantum devices, and will pave the way towards fundamental quantum transport studies as well as for high frequency optoelectronic devices such as terahertz emitters based on oscillators and cascading structures.
Self-electrophoresis of spheroidal electrocatalytic swimmers (2015)

Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, we derive a general expression for the speed of a prolate spheroidal electrocatalytic nanomotor in terms of interfacial potential and physical properties of the motor environment in the limit of small Debye length and Péclet number. This greatly increases the range of geometries that can be handled without resorting to numerical simulations, since a wide range of shapes from spherical to needle-like, and in particular the common cylindrical shape, can be well-approximated by prolate spheroids. For piecewise-uniform distribution of surface cation flux with fixed average absolute value, the mobility of a prolate spheroidal motor with a symmetric cation source/sink configuration is a monotonically decreasing function of eccentricity. A prolate spheroidal motor with an asymmetric sink/source configuration moves faster than its symmetric counterpart and can exhibit a non-monotonic dependence of motor speed on eccentricity for a highly asymmetric design.
ChemInform Abstract: THE “POCKET” PORPHYRIN: A HEMOPROTEIN MODEL WITH LOWERED CARBON MONOXIDE AFFINITY (1981)

Abstract Das Pocket‐Porphyrin (IV) wird dargestellt durch sukzessive Acylierung von meso‐oz,a,oz,a‐ Tetrakis‐[o‐aminophenyl]‐porphyrin (I) mit Pivaloylchlorid (II) und dem Tris‐[chloro′ formylmethyl]‐benzol (III).
A Comparison of Nude and Collimated Faraday Probes for Use with Hall Thrusters (2001)

The effectiveness of collimated Faraday probes in obtaining the ion current density profile in Hall thrusters is investigated. A collimated probe design is attractive because it offers the possibility of obtaining the true ion current density profile regardless of the facility pumping speed. The collimator is intended to act primarily as a filter for low energy ions introduced in the plume by charge exchange collisions. Experiments were conducted using a traditional nude Faraday probe and a collimated probe. The probes are evaluated using a 5 kW Hall thruster in a facility capable of maintaining background pressures of 10-6 Torr for flow rates of 5-10 mg/s. Detailed examination of the results has shown that the probe is interacting strongly with the plasma inside the collimator. Further study is required to bring the collimated Faraday probe to a maturity level sufficient for use in evaluating Hall thruster plumes.
Using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for Rank Improvement in MIMO\n Communications (2020)

An intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), consisting of reconfigurable\nmetamaterials, can be used to partially control the radio environment and\nthereby bring new features to wireless communications. Previous works on IRS\nhave particularly studied the range extension use case and under what\ncircumstances the new technology can beat relays. In this paper, we study\nanother use case that might have a larger impact on the channel capacity: rank\nimprovement. One of the classical bottlenecks of point-to-point MIMO\ncommunications is that the capacity gains provided by spatial multiplexing are\nonly large at high SNR, and high SNR channels are mainly appearing in\nline-of-sight (LoS) scenarios where the channel matrix has low rank and\ntherefore does not support spatial multiplexing. We demonstrate how an IRS can\nbe used and optimized in such scenarios to increase the rank of the channel\nmatrix, leading to substantial capacity gains.\n
Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films with Various Cu Content (2012)

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films with three different Cu contents were prepared by magnetron sputtering from quaternary CIGS targets, followed by post-annealing under Se-containing atmosphere. The properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film and related solar cell were investigated. XRF confirms the composition of the films with different Cu contents. X-Ray Diffraction peaks of all samples correspond to the chalcopyrite structure, however, which are difficult to distinguish the overlapped Cu2-xSe phase. SEM results find the grain-size distribute uniformly through the entire depth, and improve noticeably with the increase of the Cu excess. Hall Effect Measurements indicate the change of the resistivity and carrier concentration as function of Cu contents. When the excess of Cu is increased, the performances of the related solar cells were damaged greatly and good photovoltaic characteristics cannot be obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of the Monobactam Antibiotic Carumonam. (1989)

Abstract Starting with calcium L‐threonate (I), the oxirane (V) is prepared via the dibromo acid ester (III).
ExpressionofGProtein-CoupledReceptor19inHumanLung CancerCellsIsTriggeredbyEntryintoS-PhaseandSupports G2-M Cell-Cycle Progression (2012)

It has long been known that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are subject to illegitimate expression in tumor cells. Presumably, hijacking the normal physiologic functions of GPCRs contributes to all biologic capabilities acquired during tumorigenesis. Here, we searched for GPCRs that were expressed in lung cancer: the mRNA encoding orphan G protein-coupled receptor 19 (GPR19) was found frequently overexpressed in tissue samples obtained from patients with small cell lung cancer. Several observations indicate that overexpression of Gpr19 confers a specific advantage to lung cancer cells by accelerating transition through the cellcycle. (i) Knockdown of Gpr19 mRNA by RNA interference reduced cell growth of human lung cancer cell lines. (ii) Cell-cycle progression through G2–M-phase was impaired in cells transfected with siRNAs directed against Gpr19 and this was associated with increased protein levels of cyclin B1 and phosphorylated histone H3. (iii) The expression levels of Gpr19 mRNA varied along the cell-cycle with a peak observed in S-phase. (iv) The putative control ofGpr19 expression by E2F transcription factors was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation: antibodies directed against E2F-1 to -4 allowed for the recovery of the Gpr19 promoter. (v) Removal of E2F binding sites in the Gpr19 promoter diminished the expression of a luciferase reporter. (vi) E2f and Gpr19 expression correlated in lung cancer patient samples. To the best of knowledge, this is the first example of a GPCR showing cell-cycle-specific mRNA expression. Our data also validate GPR19 as a candidate target when overexpressed in lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 10(10); 1343–58. � 2012 AACR.
A Scalable Feedback Mechanism for Distributed Nullforming With Phase-Only Adaptation (2015)

This paper considers a problem of distributed nullforming, in which multiple wireless transmitters steer a null toward a designated receiver by only adjusting their carrier phases. Since each transmitter transmits at full power, the system maximizes “power pooling” gains for cooperative communication or jamming, while simultaneously protecting a designated receiver. Analysis in a noiseless setting shows that, while the received power at the designated receiver, as a function of the transmitted phases, is nonconvex with multiple critical points, all of its local minima are also global minima. This implies that a null can be formed using a distributed, scalable protocol based on gradient descent: each transmitter adapts its phase based only on aggregate feedback broadcast by the receiver (so that feedback overhead does not increase with the number of transmitters), along with an estimate of its own channel gain (which can be obtained, e.g., via reciprocity). Simulations show that the convergence rate actually improves with the number of transmitters, and that the algorithm is robust to noise, substantial channel estimation errors, and oscillator drift.
Abstract B077: Evaluating oncolytic vaccines targeting mutated epitopes in a murine fibrosarcoma model CMS-5 (2016)

Abstract Oncolytic viruses have traditionally been used as stand alone therapy delivered to animals and patients to lytically destroy tumor tissue. However, it has recently become clear that involvement of the immune system is an extremely important aspect of these therapies. To further enhance anti-tumor immune responses we have utilized an oncolytic vaccine approach. This approach involves priming the immune system to a specific tumor associated antigen (TAA) with an Adenovirus and then subsequently delivering an oncolytic Rhabdovirus expressing the same tumor antigen leading to robust anti-tumor immune responses and improved efficacy. For the studies presented herein we have developed oncolytic vaccines targeting mutated epitopes expressed in CMS-5. Immune responses generated towards these epitopes through oncolytic vaccination will be characterized and their ability to control tumor growth will be evaluated. We hypothesize that the foreign nature of these mutated epitopes will allow for the generation of substantial immune responses following oncolytic vaccination in tumor bearing mice. In preliminary studies, oncolytic vaccination has been able to generate robust immune responses leading to as many as 60% of circulating CD8+ T cells responding to a single mutated epitope in tumor free animals. Therapeutic oncolytic vaccination of CMS-5 tumor bearing animals was still able to generate large anti-tumor immune responses, however these responses were cut in half compared to tumor free animals. The resultant anti-tumor immune response was able to significantly control tumor growth, and the magnitude of these responses correlated with survival. Even though there was a delay in tumor growth following therapy, the responses were not durable and all mice ultimately failed the therapy. We are currently engaged in studies to further characterize the immune responses generated and determine what, if any, immunosuppression led to failure of our therapy; even in the presence of anti-tumor immune responses exceeding 20% of peripheral CD8+ T cells. Nanostring analysis of the tumor microenvironment are being conducted focusing on gene signatures for immune cells and inflammation and these data will be confirmed by histology and flow cytometry. These studies will help shed light on potential mechanisms of immune evasion/suppression following oncolytic vaccination and point to potential targets for modulation of the oncolytic vaccine induced immune response. Citation Format: Kyle Stephenson, Matthew Atherton, John Bell, Brian Lichty. Evaluating oncolytic vaccines targeting mutated epitopes in a murine fibrosarcoma model CMS-5. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B077.
Vital capillaroscopy on microcirculation: pharmacodynamic activity of Daflon 500 mg in venous insufficiency. (1990)

A group of ten female patients suffering from telengiectasia of the lower limbs was treated with Daflon 500 mg administered orally. The results obtained are presented and discussed.
Field Trial to Upgrade an Existing 10 Gbit/s DWDM Link by 40 Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK Channels (2007)

Data rates generated in the access network by new services and customer demand on triple play influence on the transmission capacity and flexibility of the transport network. A field trial to upgrade an existing DWDM link with 10 Gbit/s RZ- and NRZ-channels by 40 Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK-channels was performed on a link consisting of legacy G.652 fibre with two ROADM and EDFA amplification only. The field link had a length of 1047 km. To obtain a high spectral efficiency of the 40 Gbit/s transport the channel spacing was reduced from 100 GHz to 50 GHz. We investigated channel crosstalk for 50 GHz and 100 GHz channel spacing, mixed types of neighbour channels, PMD and chromatic dispersion tolerance which influence on maximum transparent transmission length and signal quality of the 40 Gbit/s signal in a field experiment.
Structure-Activity Relationships of the Sustained Effects of Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists Driven by Slow Dissociation Kinetics (2016)

The duration of action of adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor (A2A) agonists is critical for their clinical efficacy, and we sought to better understand how this can be optimized. The in vitro temporal response profiles of a panel of A2A agonists were studied using cAMP assays in recombinantly (CHO) and endogenously (SH-SY5Y) expressing cells. Some agonists (e.g., 3cd; UK-432,097) but not others (e.g., 3ac; CGS-21680) demonstrated sustained wash-resistant agonism, where residual receptor activation continued after washout. The ability of an antagonist to reverse pre-established agonist responses was used as a surrogate read-out for agonist dissociation kinetics, and together with radioligand binding studies suggested a role for slow off-rate in driving sustained effects. One compound, 3ch, showed particularly marked sustained effects, with a reversal t<sub>1/2</sub> > 6 hours and close to maximal effects that remained for at least 5 hours after washing. Based on the structure-activity relationship of these compounds, we suggest that lipophilic N6 and bulky C2 substituents can promote stable and long-lived binding events leading to sustained agonist responses, although a high compound logD is not necessary. This provides new insight into the binding interactions of these ligands and we anticipate that this information could facilitate the rational design of novel long-acting A2A agonists with improved clinical efficacy.
The Diels-Alder Reaction of 2,4-Hexadien-1-ol with Maleic Anhydride: A Novel Preparation for the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course (1997)

The reaction of 2,4-hexadien-1-ol with maleic anhydride provides an excellent exercise for undergraduate laboratory courses. In addition to the expected Diels-Alder reaction, which takes place readily in refluxing toluene, subsequent intramolecular cleavage of the resulting bicyclic anhydride by the pendant hydroxy group generates a lactone. Thus, two important organic reactions can be carried out in a single laboratory session. The resulting product, which contains four new stereocenters, crystallizes upon cooling of the reaction mixture to give the pure product. Careful analysis of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, which contains a variety of cleanly split signals with no overlapping peaks, allows for assignment of all twelve hydrogens. A COSY spectrum of the product is also presented and interpreted.
Antagonism of T-type calcium channels inhibits high-fat diet–induced weight gain in mice (2009)

The epidemics of obesity and metabolic disorders have well-recognized health and economic burdens. Pharmacologic treatments for these diseases remain unsatisfactory with respect to both efficacy and side-effect profiles. Here, we have identified a potential central role for T-type calcium channels in regulating body weight maintenance and sleep. Previously, it was shown that mice lacking CaV3.1 T-type calcium channels have altered sleep/wake activity. We found that these mice were also resistant to high-fat diet-induced weight gain, without changes in food intake or sensitivity to high-fat diet-induced disruptions of diurnal rhythm. Administration of a potent and selective antagonist of T-type calcium channels, TTA-A2, to normal-weight animals prior to the inactive phase acutely increased sleep, decreased body core temperature, and prevented high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Administration of TTA-A2 to obese rodents reduced body weight and fat mass while concurrently increasing lean muscle mass. These effects likely result from better alignment of diurnal feeding patterns with daily changes in circadian physiology and potentially an increased metabolic rate during the active phase. Together, these studies reveal what we believe to be a previously unknown role for T-type calcium channels in the regulation of sleep and weight maintenance and suggest the potential for a novel therapeutic approach to treating obesity.
Photodynamic priming with triple‐receptor targeted nanoconjugates that trigger T cell‐mediated immune responses in a 3D in vitro heterocellular model of pancreatic cancer (2021)

Photodynamic priming (<i>PDP</i>), a collateral effect of photodynamic therapy, can transiently alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) beyond the cytotoxic zone. Studies have demonstrated that <i>PDP</i> increases tumor permeability and modulates immune-stimulatory effects by inducing immunogenic cell death, via the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor-associated antigens. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest of cancers with a stubborn immunosuppressive TME and a dense stroma, representing a challenge for current molecular targeted therapies often involving macromolecules. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that PDP's TME modulation will enable targeted therapy and result in immune stimulation. Using triple-receptor-targeted photoimmuno-nanoconjugate (TR-PINs)-mediated <i>PDP</i>, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, transferrin receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 we show light dose-dependent TR-PINs mediated cytotoxicity inhuman PDA Ccells (MIAPaCa-2),co-cultured with human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) in spheroids. Furthermore, TR-PINs induced the expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp60, Hsp70), Calreticulin, and high mobility group box 1 in a light dose and time-dependent manner.TR-PINs-mediated T cell activation was observed in co-cultures of immune cells with the MIA PaCa-2-PCAF spheroids. Both CD4<sup>+</sup> T and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells showed light dose and time-dependant antitumor reactivity by upregulating degranulation marker CD107a and interferon-gamma post-PDP. Substantial tumor cell death in immune cell-spheroid co-cultures by day 3 shows the augmentation by antitumor T cell activation and their ability to recognize tumors for a light dose-dependent kill. These data confirm enhanced destruction of heterogeneous pancreatic spheroids mediated by <i>PDP</i>-induced phototoxicity, TME modulation and increased immunogenicity with targeted nanoconstructs.
Development of an LSI for Tactile Sensor Systems on the Whole-Body of Robots (2011)

We have developed a network type tactile sensor system, which realizes high-density tactile sensors on the whole-body of nursing and communication robots. The system consists of three kinds of nodes: host, relay and sensor nodes. Roles of the sensor node are to sense forces and, to encode the sensing data and to transmit the encoded data on serial channels by interruption handling. Relay nodes and host deal with a number of the encoded sensing data from the sensor nodes. A sensor node consists of a capacitive MEMS force sensor and a signal processing/transmission LSI. In this paper, details of an LSI for the sensor node are described. We designed experimental sensor node LSI chips by a commercial 0.18µm standard CMOS process. The 0.18µm LSIs were supplied in wafer level for MEMS post-process. The LSI chip area is 2.4mm × 2.4mm, which includes logic, CF converter and memory circuits. The maximum clock frequency of the chip with a large capacitive load is 10MHz. Measured power consumption at 10MHz clock is 2.23mW. Experimental results indicate that size, response time, sensor sensitivity and power consumption are all enough for practical tactile sensor systems.