gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seeing Nearby 3D Scenes using Ultrasonic Sensors (2022)

The ultrasonic sensors are widely used for vehicles to extract obstacles in the scene. They can obtain the distance to the object directly at a low cost even in harsh environments. However, since the information from a single ultrasonic sensor is very limited, it has not been used for recovering the detailed 3D structure and semantic labels of the scene, unlike in-vehicle cameras or LiDARs. Therefore, we in this paper propose a method for recovering the dense 3D structure and semantic labels of the scene from a moving ultrasonic sensor mounted on a vehicle. Our method uses the raw profiles of the ultrasonic sensor signals and learns the relationship between the raw ultrasonic signals and the 3D scene using multi-task learning. As a result, our method can recover the dense 3D structure and semantic labels of the scene similar to what we would recover with cameras and LiDARs just from a single moving ultrasonic sensor. The efficiency of the proposed method is tested using real sensor data as well as synthetic sensor data.
The “Living” Free Radical Synthesis of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene):  Physical Properties and Dissolution Behavior (1998)

The synthesis of a range of narrow polydispersity, well-defined poly(4-hydroxystyrene)s via a “living” radical polymerization technique is reported. The synthetic route chosen involves the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy mediated free radical polymerization of acetoxystyrene, followed by deacetylation with base. The efficiency and molecular weight control of the “living” free radical polymerization of 4-acetoxystyrene is compared to styrene. Further, the effect of initiating system, “unimolecular” or “bimolecular”, on the “living” radical polymerization of 4-acetoxystyrene is also discussed. The physical and structural properties of these well-defined polymers were used to compare poly(4-hydroxystyrene) prepared via “conventional” free radical polymerization. A fundamental study of the dissolution of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) in aqueous base was undertaken to elucidate the effect of polydispersity, molecular weight, and structure on the dissolution behavior of these polymers.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS OF A URANIUM(IV) PYRROLYL COMPLEX (1975)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Urantetrachlorid (I) mit dem Pyrrolkalium (II) in Tetrahydrofuran wird bei 0°C das Tetrakispyrrolyluran (III) hergestellt, dessen Struktur NMR‐ spektroskopisch untersucht wird.
Feasibility study of a unilateral RF array coil for MR-scintimammography (2011)

Despite its high sensitivity, the variable specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer diagnosis can lead to unnecessary biopsies and over-treatment. Scintimammography (SMM) could potentially supplement MRI for improving the diagnostic specificity. The synergistic combination of MRI and SMM (MRSMM) could result in both high sensitivity from MRI and high specificity from SMM. Development of such a dual-modality system requires the integration of a radio frequency (RF) coil and radiation detector in a strong magnetic field without significant mutual interference. In this study, we developed and tested a unilateral breast array coil specialized for MRSMM imaging. The electromagnetic (EM) field, specific absorption ratio (SAR), and RF coil parameters with cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors encapsulated in specialized RF and gamma-ray shielding mounted within the RF coil were investigated through simulation and experimental measurements. Simultaneous MR and SMM images of a breast phantom were also acquired using the integrated MRSMM system. This work, we feel, represents an important step toward the fabrication for a working MRSMM system.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Radical Reactions of Isonitriles with 2‐Pyridonyl and Other Aryl Radicals: Scope and Limitations, and a First Generation Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Camptothecin (XIII). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PANCREAS, BILIARY TRACT, AND LIVER KRAS and Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein Mutations in Pancreatic Juice Collected From the Duodenum of Patients at High Risk for Neoplasia Undergoing Endoscopic Ultrasound (2015)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Pancreatic imaging can identify neoplastic cysts but not microscopic neoplasms. Mutation analysis of pancreatic fluid after secretin stimulation might identify microscopic neoplasias in the pancreatic duct system. We determined the prevalence of mutations in KRAS and guanine nucleotide-binding protein a-stimulating genes in pancreatic juice from subjects undergoing endoscopic ultrasound for suspected pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, or pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Secretin-stimulated juice samples were collected from the duodenum of 272 subjects enrolled in Cancer of the Pancreas Screening studies; 194 subjects were screened because of a family history of, or genetic predisposition to, pancreatic cancer, and 78 subjects were evaluated for pancreatic cancer (n [ 30) or other disorders (controls: pancreatic cysts, pancreatitis, or normal pancreata, n [ 48). Mutations were detected by digital high-resolution melt-curve analysis and pyrosequencing. The number of replicates containing a mutation determined the mutation score. RESULTS: KRAS mutations were detected in pancreatic juice from larger percentages of subjects with pancreatic cancer (73%) or undergoing cancer screening (50%) than controls (19%) (P [ .0005). A greater proportion of patients with pancreatic cancer had at least 1 KRAS mutation detected3ormoretimes(47%) thanscreenedsubjects (21%)orcontrols(6%,P[.002).Among screenedsubjects,mutationsinKRAS(butnotguaninenucleotide-binding proteina-stimulating) were found in similar percentages of patients with or without pancreatic cysts. However, a greaterproportionofpatients olderthanage50yearshadKRASmutations(54.6%)thanyounger patients (36.3%) (P [ .032); the older subjects also had more mutations in KRAS (P [ .02). CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in KRAS are detected in pancreatic juice from the duodenum of 73% of patients with pancreatic cancer, and 50% of asymptomatic individuals with a high risk for pancreatic cancer. However, KRAS mutations were detected in pancreatic juice from 19% of controls. Mutations detected in individuals without pancreatic abnormalities, based on imaging analyses, likely arise from small pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00438906 and NCT00714701.
Impact of Superstrate Size on the Radiation of a Microstrip Antenna (2019)

Superstrates are used to design high directivity microstrip antennas (MSAs) with a broadside radiation pattern. This paper investigates the impact of the superstrate size on the radiation of a MSA. A half wavelength square-shaped patch element was used to make the antenna resonates around 4 GHz. A superstrate was placed above the radiating patch keeping an air gap of 35 mm in between. Superstrates of six different sizes were used and the MSAs were simulated. Performances of all the MSAs were analyzed by means of the resonant behavior, directivity, efficiency and radiation characteristics. There is a minimum size below that, the effect of the superstrate is negligible.
Bumping Windows between Monitors (2003)

Abstract: Users ’ move from single to multiple monitors so that they can use more screen real estate. This increase enables them to keep a greater number of windows open and visible at the same time. But there is a cost: arranging a window takes far longer since there is more screen space to traverse and more relationships between windows to take into account. To address this we added ‘bumping ’ to an application and tested it in a user study. Bumping allowed users to automatically move a window across multiple monitors. In this paper, we present our experiment contrasting three styles of bumping. We found less window repositioning required when users were given bumping in contrast to their existing practices. However we also found that simple implementations of intelligent bumping are not predictable, causing problems for our participants.
Figure S2 from Intratumoral G100, a TLR4 Agonist, Induces Antitumor Immune Responses and Tumor Regression in Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2 shows the expression of TLR4 receptor complex genes at baseline&lt;/p&gt;
Off-state and turn-on characteristics of solid electrolyte switch (2010)

We have investigated off-state and turn-on characteristics of a Ta2O5-based solid-electrolyte switch, the resistance of which changes when the metallic current path is formed in the solid-electrolyte. The turn-on voltages are found to vary widely even when the switches are in an off-state with similar resistance. The variation is induced by the residual metal with different shapes that remains in the solid-electrolyte after a switch is turned off. The residual metal with a sharp point enhances the electrochemical reaction, resulting in the turn-on voltage lowering. We also developed a screening scheme to reduce the variation of the turn-on voltages.
Inline process monitoring method for geometrical characteristics in additive manufacturing (2018)

Abstract This method provides a suitable solution for monitoring an additive manufacturing process. The implementation is evaluated in a manufacturing machine of fused filament fabrication. The main parts of the work are the developing and integration of an adaptable 3D hardware platform, the pre-processing of captured layer point clouds and the developing of object point cloud stack. The result is sufficient to estimate the manufacture quality and complies requirements for an inline process control method.
T-cell-receptor isoforms. (1992)

Early work on T-cell hybridomas lacking the T-cell-receptor (TCR) sub-unit CD3 eta had suggested a correlation between the presence of CD3 zeta-eta heterodimers and signalling leading to phosphatidyl-inositol (PI) turnover as well as activation-induced cell death. The cloning of CD3 eta has now allowed thorough and direct analysis of the signal transduction properties of CD3 zeta-zeta-, CD3 zeta-eta- and CD3 eta-eta-containing TCRs. We have found that all forms of the TCR are capable of transducing signals leading to PI turnover, Ca2+ mobilization, IL-2 production and cell-cycle arrest. CD3 zeta and CD3 eta utilize the same promoter which yields coordinate expression of both products, so that restricted CD3 eta expression in a sub-population of thymocytes is unlikely. Immunohistochemical methods employing an anti-CD3 eta-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) show no detectable staining of thymic sections from adult mice, implying at best a low level of constitutive CD3 eta expression. In contrast, CD3 eta expression is readily detected in the majority of cortical thymocytes of CD3 eta transgenic mice using a Thy-1 promoter construct. However, over-expression of CD3 eta in mice transgenic for this polypeptide does not result in increased negative selection in vivo, consistent with the in vitro findings that induction of cell death is not strictly dependent on CD3 eta. Despite earlier reports of the detection of human CD3 eta protein, we find no CD3 eta message in human thymus or T cells. Cloning of the human CD zeta-eta genomic locus has demonstrated approximately 70% homology between the mouse and human genomic sequence, corresponding to the mouse CD3 eta-specific exon. However, translation of the DNA sequence does not result in a homologous amino acid sequence. Thus, there does not appear to be a CD3 eta protein in humans.
Benzothiazolyl and Benzoxazolyl Hydrazones Function as Zinc Metallochaperones to Reactivate Mutant p53 (2021)

We identified a set of thiosemicarbazone (TSC) metal ion chelators that reactivate specific zinc-deficient p53 mutants using a mechanism called zinc metallochaperones (ZMCs) that restore zinc binding by shuttling zinc into cells. We defined biophysical and cellular assays necessary for structure-activity relationship studies using this mechanism. We investigated an alternative class of zinc scaffolds that differ from TSCs by substitution of the thiocarbamoyl moiety with benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, and benzimidazolyl hydrazones. Members of this series bound zinc with similar affinity and functioned to reactivate mutant p53 comparable to the TSCs. Acute toxicity and efficacy assays in rodents demonstrated <b>C1</b> to be significantly less toxic than the TSCs while demonstrating equivalent growth inhibition. We identified <b>C85</b> as a ZMC with diminished copper binding that functions as a chemotherapy and radiation sensitizer. We conclude that the benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, and benzimidazolyl hydrazones can function as ZMCs to reactivate mutant p53 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Acoustic Communications for UUVs (1999)

Abstract : The use of Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (UUVs) as off-board sensor platforms for complex missions such as MCM reconnaissance requires an acoustic communication link for command and control as well as mission data product upload. The communications link needs to be robust and useful in a number of different scenarios. These scenarios include a variety of frequency regimes and a number of different sized vehicles with different capabilities. However, there is a continuum of performance regions that are possible given a certain investment in transducer and array hardware on the vehicle. Based on a balance between mission requirements and UUV cost the proper system may be designed. Ultimately, the acoustic communication link will be an ubiquitous part of every underwater vehicle, for the present we are exploring the level of performance available with practical technology available at this point in time.
Behaviour of group IIIA impurities in PbTe: implications to improve thermoelectric efficiency (2010)

We investigated the impact of doping group IIIA elements (Al, Ga, In and Tl) on the electronic structure and stability of PbTe by first principles calculations. The impurity-induced defect level changes as a function of the charge state of the impurity. We find that Al and In prefer to act as donors while Ga and Tl tend to act as acceptors in PbTe. Our analysis supports the ‘impurity level’ model where an impurity-induced localized state overlaps either the conduction band or valence band of PbTe, but our results do not agree with ‘mix-valence’ (i.e. 2In 2+ → In + + In 3+ ) or ‘auto-compensation’ (i.e. 2In 0 → In + + In − ) models. Our calculations suggest that Tl and In are suitable dopants for improving the thermoelectric efficiency through enhancing the Seebeck coefficient for p- and n-type PbTe, respectively.
Ultra-High Mass Spectrometry (1984)

Massive cluster ions of CsI (mass-to-charge ratio &gt; 25,000) have been produced, mass analyzed, and detected with a conventional double-focusing mass spectrometer. Variations in the ion intensity distributions depend on the relative lifetime of the ions. These results are of fundamental interest, but they also impact the practical limits of mass spectrometry.
Electrical nucleation and detection of single 360° homochiral Néel domain walls measured using the anomalous Nernst effect (2018)

Using a thermoelectric measurement, we demonstrate the nucleation and detection of a single 360° homochiral Néel domain wall (DW), formed by an independently nucleated pair of 180° Néel DWs having the same helicity in a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy track. The DW formation is governed by strong interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and detected at room temperature using the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE). A large DMI can be generated at an interface where the symmetry is broken between a material having a large spin-orbit coupling and a thin ferromagnetic layer. The ANE voltage, VANE∝∇T×M, is sensitive to the magnitude of the out-of-plane magnetization M through a confined in-plane temperature gradient ∇T and allows for the direct thermoelectrical detection of the DW position with nanoscale accuracy along the track. Here, we present evidence that independently nucleated pairs of 180° Néel DWs in microwire devices can be brought together by an applied magnetic field to form a 360° homochiral Néel DW. Subsequently, we show that a strong magnetic field needs to be applied in order to annihilate the 360° DW due to the strong interfacial DMI in our Pt/Co(0.6nm)/AlOx multilayers. In addition to enabling a high magnetic storage and data transfer rate with low power consumption in novel computational and storage devices, such DWs facilitate a reduction in bit size down to a few nanometers with metastability.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Immunoediting Sculpts Tumor Epitopes during Immunotherapy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Immunoediting Sculpts Tumor Epitopes during Immunotherapy
Positive regulation of spondin 2 by thyroid hormone is associated with cell migration and invasion (2009)

The thyroid hormone 3,3′,5-triiodo- l -thyronine (T 3 ) regulates growth, development, and differentiation processes in animals. These activities are mediated by the nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). Microarray analyses were performed previously to study the mechanism of regulation triggered by T 3 treatment in hepatoma cell lines. The results showed that spondin 2 was regulated positively by T 3 . However, the underlying mechanism and the physiological role of T 3 in the regulation of spondin 2 are not clear. To verify the microarray results, spondin 2 was further investigated using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting. After 48 h of T 3 treatment in the HepG2–TRα1#1 cell line, spondin 2 mRNA and protein levels increased by 3.9- to 5.7-fold. Similar results were observed in thyroidectomized rats. To localize the regulatory region in spondin 2 , we performed serial deletions of the promoter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The T 3 response element on the spondin 2 promoter was localized in the −1104/−1034 or −984/−925 regions. To explore the effect of spondin 2 on cellular function, spondin 2 knockdown cell lines were established from Huh7 cells. Knockdown cells had higher migration ability and invasiveness compared with control cells. Conversely, spondin 2 overexpression in J7 cells led to lower migration ability and invasiveness compared with control cells. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that spondin 2 overexpression in some types of hepatocellular carcinomas is TR dependent. Together, these experimental findings suggest that spondin 2, which is regulated by T 3 , has an important role in cell invasion, cell migration, and tumor progression.
Terrestrial Broadband Wireless Telecommunications (2016)

Most wireless telecommunications systems operate in a full duplex mode. That is, a channel carries information from a central node to an end-user, and another channel is used for the reverse communications. Duplex operation is possible using orthogonality in either frequency or time domains. Given a certain channel capacity in each cell a number of users may be connected to a base station. Several multiplexing technologies were developed over the first to fourth generations of mobile communications standards to connect multiple devices to a base station. Terrestrial wireless telecommunications systems resolve two challenges: one operating in channel conditions where signals are blocked by physical objects, and where multiple signal arrivals can lead to fading. The other is allocation of scarce bandwidth resources among large number of simultaneous users. Technology development over some four decades has not only made terrestrial wireless telecommunications possible, but highly competitive with fixed broadband.
Synthesis, Opioid Receptor Binding, and Biological Activities of Naltrexone-Derived Pyrido- and Pyrimidomorphinans (1999)

A series of pyrido- and pyrimidomorphinans (6a-h and 7a-g) were synthesized from naltrexone and evaluated for binding and biological activity at the opioid receptors. The unsubstituted pyridine 6a displayed high affinities at opioid delta, mu, and kappa receptors with K(i) values of 0.78, 1.5, and 8.8 nM, respectively. Compound 6a was devoid of agonist activity in the mouse vas deferens (MVD) and guinea pig ileum (GPI) preparations but was found to display moderate to weak antagonist activity in the MVD and GPI with K(e) values of 37 and 164 nM, respectively. The pyrimidomorphinans in general displayed lower binding potencies and delta receptor binding selectivities than their pyridine counterparts. Incorporation of aryl groups as putative delta address mimics on the pyrido- and pyrimidomorphinan framework gave ligands with significant differences in binding affinity and intrinsic activity. Attachment of a phenyl group at the 4'-position of 6a or the equivalent 6'-position of 7a led to dramatic reduction in binding potencies at all the three opioid receptors, indicating the existence of a somewhat similar steric constraint at the ligand binding sites of delta, mu, and kappa receptors. In contrast, the introduction of a phenyl group at the 5'-position of 6a did not cause any reduction in the binding affinity at the delta receptor. In comparison to the unsubstituted pyridine 6a, the 5'-phenylpyridine 6c showed improvements in mu/delta and kappa/delta binding selectivity ratios as well as in the delta antagonist potency in the MVD. Interestingly, introduction of a chlorine atom at the para position of the pendant 5'-phenyl group of 6c not only provided further improvements in delta antagonist potency in the MVD but also shifted the intrinsic activity profile of 6c from an antagonist to that of a mu agonist in the GPI. Compound 6d thus possesses the characteristics of a nonpeptide mu agonist/delta antagonist ligand with high affinity at the delta receptor (K(i) = 2.2 nM), high antagonist potency in the MVD (K(e) = 0.66 nM), and moderate agonist potency in the GPI (IC(50) = 163 nM). Antinociceptive evaluations in mice showed that intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of 6d produced a partial agonist effect in the 55 degrees C tail-flick assay and a full agonist effect in the acetic acid writhing assay (A(50) = 7.5 nmol). No signs of overt toxicity were observed with this compound in the dose ranges tested. Moreover, repeated icv injections of an A(90) dose did not induce any significant development of antinociceptive tolerance in the acetic acid writhing assay. The potent delta antagonist component of this mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist may be responsible for the diminished propensity to produce tolerance that this compound displays.
Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imager Based on Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (2013)

We describe the use of a liquid crystal on silicon modulator to jointly code spatial and spectral features for snapshot spectral imaging. We demonstrate compressive measurement of megapixel multispectral image with 5 nm resolution.