gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. (2013)

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour originating in the serosal membranes that line the thoracic and abdominal cavities. More than 90% of reported mesothelioma cases occur in the pleura. The occurrence of malignant mesothelioma is typically related to exposure to mineral fibres such as asbestos and erionite. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognised asbestos as one of the most important occupational carcinogens and in 2010 upgraded its global estimate of asbestos-related diseases (ARD) to 107,000 annual deaths. Australia, as one of the largest consumers of asbestos worldwide in the post-World War II period, has one of the highest incidences of malignant mesothelioma. The current epidemic of malignant mesothelioma is closely associated with past occupational exposure. Asbestos, however, persists in our natural and built environments, and it is important that we continue to minimise exposure to it by all reasonable means. There are indications that in Australia the diagnostic and treatment practices for MPM are not equally distributed, with considerable expertise concentrated in some hospitals and lacking in others. Moreover, there are no guidelines that specifically consider diagnosis and treatment of this almost invariably fatal disease in the Australian context. These evidence-based guidelines have been developed by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) of experts (volunteers) that is encouraging improved management of MPM through evidence-based decision making. Guidelines are guides and not rules. A good approach is to be fully aware of appropriate guidelines before making management decisions.
A Scalable, Multiplexed Assay for Decoding Receptor-Ligand Interactions (2018)

Abstract Chemicals such as drugs, hormones, and odorants can have many potential interactions with endogenous targets, and uncovering these relationships is critical for understanding and modulating function. Mammalian olfactory receptors (ORs), a large family of G protein-coupled receptors, mediate olfaction through activation by small molecules. Each OR can respond to many odorants, and vice versa, making exploring this space one interaction at a time difficult. We developed a high-throughput receptor screening platform in human cell lines to screen libraries of chemicals against a multiplexed library of receptors using next-generation sequencing of barcoded genetic reporters. We screened three concentrations of 181 odorants, where in each well we record the activity of 39 ORs simultaneously, and identified 79 novel associations, including ligands for 15 orphan receptors. This platform allows the cost-effective mapping of large chemical libraries to receptor repertoires at scale.
HMG Protein Family Members Stimulate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Avian Sarcoma Virus Concerted DNA Integration In Vitro (1999)

We have reconstituted concerted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration in vitro with specially designed mini-donor HIV-1 DNA, a supercoiled plasmid acceptor, purified bacterium-derived HIV-1 integrase (IN), and host HMG protein family members. This system is comparable to one previously described for avian sarcoma virus (ASV) (A. Aiyar et al., J. Virol. 70:3571-3580, 1996) that was stimulated by the presence of HMG-1. Sequence analyses of individual HIV-1 integrants showed loss of 2 bp from the ends of the donor DNA and almost exclusive 5-bp duplications of the acceptor DNA at the site of integration. All of the integrants sequenced were inserted into different sites in the acceptor. These are the features associated with integration of viral DNA in vivo. We have used the ASV and HIV-1 reconstituted systems to compare the mechanism of concerted DNA integration and examine the role of different HMG proteins in the reaction. Of the three HMG proteins examined, HMG-1, HMG-2, and HMG-I(Y), the products formed in the presence of HMG-I(Y) for both systems most closely match those observed in vivo. Further analysis of HMG-I(Y) mutants demonstrates that the stimulation of integration requires an HMG-I(Y) domain involved in DNA binding. While complexes containing HMG-I(Y), ASV IN, and donor DNA can be detected in gel shift experiments, coprecipitation experiments failed to demonstrate stable interactions between HMG-I(Y) and ASV IN or between HMG-I(Y) and HIV-1 IN.
Heracles: A Context-Based Multisensor Sensor Data Fusion Algorithm for the Internet of Things (2020)

In the Internet of Things (IoT), extending the average battery duration of devices is of paramount importance, since it promotes uptime without intervention in the environment, which can be undesirable or costly. In the IoT, the system’s functionalities are distributed among devices that (i) collect, (ii) transmit and (iii) apply algorithms to process and analyze data. A widely adopted technique for increasing the lifetime of an IoT system is using data fusion on the devices that process and analyze data. There are already several works proposing data fusion algorithms for the context of wireless sensor networks and IoT. However, most of them consider that application requirements (such as the data sampling rate and the data range of the events of interest) are previously known, and the solutions are tailored for a single target application. In the context of a smart city, we envision that the IoT will provide a sensing and communication infrastructure to be shared by multiple applications, that will make use of this infrastructure in an opportunistic and dynamic way, with no previous knowledge about its requirements. In this work, we present Heracles, a new data fusion algorithm tailored to meet the demands of the IoT for smart cities. Heracles considers the context of the application, adapting to the features of the dataset to perform the data analysis. Heracles aims at minimizing data transmission to save energy while generating value-added information, which will serve as input for decision-making processes. Results of the performed evaluation show that Heracles is feasible, enhances the performance of decision methods and extends the system lifetime.
Teaching Clustering Algorithms With EduClust: Experience Report and Future Directions (2020)

We share our experiences teaching university students about clustering algorithms using EduClust, an online visualization we developed. EduClust supports professors in preparing teaching material and students in visually and interactively exploring cluster steps and the effects of changing clustering parameters. We used EduClust for two years in our computer science lectures on clustering algorithms and share our experience integrating the online application in a data science curriculum. We also point to opportunities for future development.
Location Data Analytics for Space Management (2017)

Building space accounts for one of the largest operational costs for companies. While space management has traditionally been done based on human observations, technology solutions are increasingly been considered. In this paper, we consider advanced sensing systems that provide location data at a certain spatio-temporal granularity. Location data analytics is then considered to realize two space management applications: (i) space utilization, and (ii) workspace recommendation. Towards this end, location data is processed to determine potential workspaces. The processed historic location data is used to compute defined metrics that characterize space utilization. Filtering of real-time location data is presented to recommend workspaces that may be potentially unoccupied and present to a user. Using datasets from an experimental office testbed, we evaluate the proposed sensing and analytics solution.
Oncogene Mutations, Copy Number Gains and Mutant Allele Specific Imbalance (MASI) Frequently Occur Together in Tumor Cells (2009)

MASI is frequently present in mutant EGFR and KRAS tumor cells, and is associated with increased mutant allele transcription and gene activity. The frequent finding of mutations, CNGs and MASI occurring together in tumor cells indicates that these three genetic alterations, acting together, may have a greater role in the development or maintenance of the malignant phenotype than any individual alteration.
Observation of triplet-singlet conversion of positronium via inelastic scattering by oxygen (1987)

The momentum distribution of positronium (Ps) in the free space between silica aerogel grains filled with gaseous O2 has been measured as a function of O2 pressure. It reveals that para-Ps with kinetic energy >or approximately=1 eV is efficiently slowed down. This is attributed to successive triplet to or from singlet conversions of the Ps through inelastic collisions with O2. The cross section for this process is estimated to be at least two orders of magnitude larger than that for the conversion through elastic collisions.
Tuning the Activity of Supported Nanoparticles Through Charge Transfer (2017)

This chapter shows how the affinity and hence, the activity of supported nanoparticles can be tuned by changing the charge on the catalyst surface. First, it illustrates this approach using alkali promoters, electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC), and the application of an external electric field. Next, the chapter discusses the potential of exploiting the charge transfer between a semiconducting oxide support and metal nanoparticles. It aims to estimate the magnitude of this charge transfer using 1D metal-semiconductor contact theory and also discusses quantitative measurements of the charge transfer for Pt nanoparticles supported on ceria. The increased carrier concentration enhances charge transfer to the Pt particles and this enhances the CO oxidation activity of Pt/TiO2 under excess O2 conditions. The chapter further illustrates how the amount of charge transfer from the support can be tuned using techniques from defect engineering to controllably vary the activity of supported nanoparticles.
The GOD model (2006)

GOD (General Ontology Discovery) is an unsupervised system to extract semantic relations among domain specific entities and concepts from texts. Operationally, it acts as a search engine returning a set of true predicates regarding the query instead of the usual ranked list of relevant documents. Our approach relies on two basic assumptions: (i) paradigmatic relations can be established only among terms in the same Semantic Domain an (ii) they can be inferred from texts by analyzing the Subject-Verb-Object patterns where two domain specific terms co-occur. A qualitative analysis of the system output shows that GOD provide true, informative and meaningful relations in a very efficient way.
Monolithic Integration of Phase-Change RF Switches in a Production SiGe BiCMOS Process with RF Circuit Demonstrations (2020)

We demonstrate for the first time the monolithic integration of phase-change RF switches into the backend of a production SiGe BiCMOS process. We show that the monolithic integration of PCM RF switches did not impact the performance of the BiCMOS process components, such as FETs and bipolar devices, by comparing end-of-line data for wafers fabricated with and without PCM RF switches. Using the backend RF components in the Tower Semiconductor SBC18H3B process, three different RF circuits were realized. A five bit DSC with 32 states is shown with a tuning range from 33 fF to 6.75 pF in ~215 fF increments. A wideband 24.25 GHz to 33.4 GHz switched filter using two SPDTs is also demonstrated. And finally, a tunable bandpass filter that uses seven phase change switches is shown to have tuning between 400 MHz up to 6 GHz.
Optoelectronically interconnected hardware-efficient deep learning using silicon photonic chips (2022)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown their superiority in a variety of complicated machine learning tasks. However, large-scale DNNs are computation- and memory-intensive, and significant efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of DNNs through the use of better hardware accelerators as well as software training algorithms. The optical neural network (ONN) is a promising candidate as a next-generation neurocomputing platform due to its high parallelism, low latency, and low energy consumption. Here, we devise a hardware-efficient optical neural network architecture named optical subspace neural network (OSNN), which targets lower optical component usage, area cost, and energy consumption of previous ONN architectures with comparable task performance. Additionally, a hardware-aware training framework is provided to minimize the required control precision, lessen the chip area, and boost the noise robustness.
Reduced Complexity Rx Concepts for Optical Multilevel Transmission (2009)

Low complexity receiver concepts for multilevel transmission are reviewed. Systems with direct detection and coherent demodulation including digital electronic signal processing for equalization are compared in performance and on basis of their implementation complexity.
Probability distributions for locations of calling animals, receivers, sound speeds, winds, and data from travel time differences (2005)

A new nonlinear sequential Monte Carlo technique is used to estimate posterior probability distributions for the location of a calling animal, the locations of acoustic receivers, sound speeds, winds, and the differences in sonic travel time between pairs of receivers from measurements of those differences, while adopting realistic prior distributions of the variables. Other algorithms in the literature appear to be too inefficient to yield distributions for this large number of variables (up to 41) without recourse to a linear approximation. The new technique overcomes the computational inefficiency of other algorithms because it does not sequentially propagate the joint probability distribution of the variables between adjacent data. Instead, the lower and upper bounds of the distributions are propagated. The technique is applied to commonly encountered problems that were previously intractable such as estimating how accurately sound speed and poorly known initial locations of receivers can be estimated from the differences in sonic travel time from calling animals, while explicitly modeling distributions of all the variables in the problem. In both cases, the new technique yields one or two orders of magnitude improvements compared with initial uncertainties. The technique is suitable for accurately estimating receiver locations from animal calls.
DIE SOZIALGESCHICHTE DES ALKOHOLKONZEPTES IN AMERIKA (1987)

VORSTELLUNGEN UEBER DEN ALKOHOLISMUS BESTEHEN IN AMERIKA SEIT CIRCA 200 JAHREN. DIE DEFINITION DIESER SUCHT REICHT VON DER BEZEICHNUNG ABSICHTLICHES VERLANGEN BIS ZUR ERKENNTNIS, DASS ES SICH UM EINE KRANKHEIT HANDELT. RELIGIOESE INSTANZEN UND ABSTINENZBEWEGUNGEN ENTWICKELTEN EIGENE VORSTELLUNGEN BETREFFEND DIE HEILUNG DES ALKOHOLISMUS. AB MITTE DES 19. JAHRHUNDERTS HATTE SICH IN MEDIZINISCHEN KREISEN DIE MEINUNG DURCHGESETZT, DASS DIE KONTROLLE DIESER KRANKHEIT AUSSERHALB DES TRINKENDEN LIEGT. DER GROSSTEIL DER HEUTE ANGEWANDTEN KONZEPTE STAMMT IM WESENTLICHEN AUS DIESER ZEIT. (KFV/K)
Nonivamide, a capsaicin analogue, exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and U‐937 macrophages (2016)

Nonivamide possessed similar anti-inflammatory potential as capsaicin and t-pellitorine. In U-937 macrophages, the tested compounds exploited an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the EC-LPS induced activation of the MAPK pathway. In addition, the TRP channel activation plays a role in the anti-inflammatory capacity of capsaicin and nonivamide.
Investigating the metabolic capabilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the in silico strain iNJ 661 and proposing alternative drug targets (2007)

Although we observed growth rates comparable to experimental observations (doubling times ranging from about 12 to 24 hours) in different media, comparisons of gene essentiality with experimental data were less encouraging (generally about 55%). The reasons for the often conflicting results were multi-fold, including gene expression variability under different conditions and lack of complete biological knowledge. Some of the inconsistencies between in vitro and in silico or in vivo and in silico results highlight specific loci that are worth further experimental investigations. Finally, by considering the HCR sets in the context of known drug targets for tuberculosis treatment we proposed new alternative, but equivalent drug targets.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Monolithic Porous Titania‐Silica Ceramics. (1990)

Abstract Monolithic porous ceramics composed of TiO 2 (67 mol%) and SiO 2 (33 mol%) are prepared by casting a melt of 15 Na 2 O·32 CaO·19 TiO 2 ·15 P 2 O 5 ·19 SiO 2 (mol%) and subsequent leaching in 1 N HCl (reflux, 10 h).
β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 (010) heterostructures grown on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2015)

By systematically changing growth parameters, the growth of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 (010) heterostructures by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was optimized. Through variation of the Al flux under O-rich conditions at 600 °C, β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 (010) layers spanning ∼10% to ∼18% Al2O3 were grown directly on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates. Nominal β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 (010) compositions were determined through Al:Ga flux ratios. With x = ∼0.18, the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 (020) layer peak in a high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) ω-2θ scan was barely discernible, and Pendellösung fringes were not visible. This indicated that the phase stability limit of Al2O3 in β-Ga2O3 (010) at 600 °C was less than ∼18%. The substrate temperature was then varied for a series of β-(Al∼0.15Ga∼0.85)2O3 (010) layers, and the smoothest layer was grown at 650 °C. The phase stability limit of Al2O3 in β-Ga2O3 (010) appeared to increase with growth temperature, as the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 (020) layer peak with x = ∼0.18 was easily distinguishable by HRXRD in a sample grown at 650 °C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that β-(Al∼0.15Ga∼0.85)2O3 (010) layers (14.4% Al2O3 by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) grown at 650 °C were homogeneous. β-(Al∼0.20Ga∼0.80)2O3 (010) layers, however, displayed a phase transition. TEM images of a β-(Al∼0.15Ga∼0.85)2O3/Ga2O3 (010) superlattice grown at 650 °C showed abrupt layer interfaces and high alloy homogeneity.
A Review on PVDF Nanofibers in Textiles for Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors (2023)

Textiles are turning into a suitable next-generation sensing platform because of their good breathability, softness, and structural elasticity. Besides, research on self-powered piezoelectric sensors is a hot topic in wearable applications; they can perform long-term sensing and monitoring. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the development progress of PVDF-based textiles on flexible piezoelectric sensors. In this paper, we first introduce the principle of the piezoelectric effect and the classification of piezoelectric materials; then we summarize the structure and characteristics of nanofiber mat-based, yarn-based, and fabric-based flexible piezoelectric sensors and the approaches that are employed to fabricate PVDF-based textile piezoelectric sensors such as melt spinning, electrospinning, and stretch forming processes, and so on. At last, we review their applicability in the application of electronic skin, human–computer interaction, healthcare, and human movement monitoring and demonstrate the facing difficulties and the future research directions of PVDF-based textile flexible sensors.
Min-Max Fine Heaps (2000)

In this paper we present a new data structure for double ended priority queue, called min-max fine heap, which combines the techniques used in fine heap and traditional min-max heap. The standard operations on this proposed structure are also presented, and their analysis indicates that the new structure outperforms the traditional one.
Coadsorption of Poly(styrenesulfonate) and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide on Silica Investigated by Attenuated Total Reflection Techniques (1997)

Adsorption of poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on silica from mixed solutions of the polyelectrolyte and surfactant has been studied. The surface excess of the polyelectrolyte was determined by ultraviolet attenuated total reflectance (UV-ATR) monitoring of the 224 nm styrenesulfonate absorbance band. Complementary information was derived from infrared attenuated total reflectance (IR-ATR) on the same system. Deconvolution of the 2920 cm-1 asymmetric and 2850 cm-1 symmetric methylene bands common to both surfactant and polyelectrolyte gave the adsorbed amount of surfactant, as well as a measure of adsorbed polyelectrolyte. The surface excesses of both polymer and surfactant were determined in situ for different pH values and solution histories. The adsorbed amount of both species was highly dependent on pH and on the order of addition of the polyelectrolyte and surfactant. These results are interpreted in terms of competing interactions between the polyelectrolyte and the surface and between the surfactant and the surface and in terms of cooperative surfactant/polyelectrolyte solution interactions.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Narrow Diverging Channels (2013)

Detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions have been obtained for narrow diverging channels with and without enhancement features. The cooling configurations considered include rib turbulators and concavities (or dimples) on the main heat transfer surfaces. All of the measurements are presented at a representative Reynolds number of 28,000. Pressure drop measurements for the overall channel are also presented to evaluate the heat transfer enhancement geometry with respect to the pumping power requirements. The test models were studied for wall heat transfer coefficient measurements using the transient liquid crystal technique. The model wall inner surfaces were sprayed with thermochromic liquid crystals and a transient test was used to obtain the local heat transfer coefficients from the measured color change. An analysis of the results shows that the choice of designs is limited by the available pressure drop, even if the design provides significantly higher heat transfer coefficients. Dimpled surfaces provide appreciably high heat transfer coefficients and a reasonable pressure drop, whereas ribbed ducts provide significantly higher heat transfer coefficients and a higher overall pressure drop.
Erratum: Principles for Sensitive and Robust Biomolecular Interaction Analysis: The Limits of Detection and Resolution of Diffraction-Limited Focal Molography [Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 014056 (2019)] (2021)

Received 6 May 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.069901© 2021 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBiomimetic & bio-inspired materialsBiomolecular interactionsBiomolecular opticsBiomolecular self-assemblyFunctional materialsLight-matter interactionWaveguidesTechniquesHolographyPolymers & Soft MatterBiological PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & Optical