gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optical design of the multi-spectral limb photometer for the WAVES explorer (NASA Midex)</title> (2002)

The Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere (MLT) is the most inaccessible and least understood region of the Earth's atmosphere. AtmophericGravity waves play a substantial role in the dominant processes of energy and momentum transport in this region. The WAVES mission (proposed as a NASA Midex) will be the first mission dedicated to studying atmospheric gravity waves, their sources and how they affect the MLT. An instrument, the Multi-spectral Limb Photometer (MLP) will make limb viewing observations to support the WAVES mission. This instrument will observe airglow variations caused by longer wavelength waves passing through the region and will make measurements of temperature and composition in various regions in the MLT. The MLP instrument images the earth atmosphere in limb view in the orbital plane. The resolution in the vertical dimension (altitude) is about 2 km. In the horizontal dimension the MLP collects an averaged intensity over a region of 250 km in width. Vertical imaging vs. horizontal non imaging is realized by cylindrical lenses. The stray light baffling design is specially adapted to allow for day and night observation. The MLP is a single optical channel instrument using a CCD sensor. We propose to use a grille filter spectrometer consisting of a telecentric imager in which a set of narrow vertical strip interference filters are included. The image of the limb is projected onto these strip filters preserving the imaging qualities (vertical dimension). With the interference filter it is possible to realize a spectral function fitting with the multiple spectral bandpass of the emitting species. The full wavelength range is 555-892 nm where about 10 emission lines are to be resolved. The instrument sensitivity is adapted to the intensity and spectral spacing (with respect to neighboring emission lines) of each line: spatial and spectral width of each interference filter strip are independently optimized. This is unique compared to spectrograph using grating technology where spectral resolution and sensitivity are undesirably coupled through the slit width. Finally, the CCD sensor captures a composite image where columns depict the vertical limb imaging and rows indicate the spectral signature.
Side chain independent photovoltaic performance of thienopyrroledione conjugated donor–acceptor polymers (2020)

This work highlights a unique TPD-based donor polymer system which exhibits robust photovoltaic tolerance regardless of acceptor unit side chain, presenting a distinct avenue for polymer structure and BHJ morphology manipulation.
Possible Approach to the Driver Design Based on Series SQIF (2005)

Possible approach for the design of high-performance driver based on a series Superconducting Quantum Interference Filter (SQIF) is discussed. The main parts of the driver are described in details. The pulse broadening technique is suggested for increase of both the gain and the pulse upper frequency. Basic characteristics of the driver parts and the driver as a whole, as well as the successive pulse transforming have been simulated numerically. The results are presented and discussed in detail.
An Improved Generalized Discriminant Analysis for Large-Scale Data Set (2008)

In order to overcome the computation and storage problem for large-scale data set, an efficient iterative method of generalized discriminant analysis is proposed. Because sample vectors cannot explicitly be denoted in kernel space, some mathematical tricks are firstly used to transform the kernel matrix. Then, the columns of transformed matrix are used for iterative algorithm to extract nonlinear discriminant vectors. The proposed method reduces space complexity from O(m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) to O(m) and its effectiveness is validated from experimental results.
Interference lithographically defined and catalytically etched, large-area silicon nanocones from nanowires (2010)

We report a simple and cost effective method for the synthesis of large-area, precisely located silicon nanocones from nanowires. The nanowires were obtained from our interference lithography and catalytic etching (IL-CE) method. We found that porous silicon was formed near the Au catalyst during the fabrication of the nanowires. The porous silicon exhibited enhanced oxidation ability when exposed to atmospheric conditions or in wet oxidation ambient. Very well located nanocones with uniform sharpness resulted when these oxidized nanowires were etched in 10% HF. Nanocones of different heights were obtained by varying the doping concentration of the silicon wafers. We believe this is a novel method of producing large-area, low cost, well defined nanocones from nanowires both in terms of the control of location and shape of the nanocones. A wide range of potential applications of the nanocone array can be found as a master copy for nanoimprinted polymer substrates for possible biomedical research; as a candidate for making sharp probes for scanning probe nanolithography; or as a building block for field emitting tips or photodetectors in electronic/optoelectronic applications.
Therapeutic potential of steroids for CNS disorders (2001)

The importance of steroids for modulation of the CNS is now better understood but it is still in its infancy compared with the knowledge that has been accumulated on their endocrine effects. The structural diversity of steroids that exert CNS activity is broad and they modulate their effects, not only via classical steroid receptors (oestrogen, androgen, progestin, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid) but also via ion channels, particularly GABAA receptors and glutamate (NMDA) receptors. This review illustrates the therapeutic potential of steroids for treatment of CNS disorders by covering publications and patent literature since 1995.
Dual-Functional Self-Attachable and Stretchable Interface for Universal Three-Dimensional Modular Electronics (2022)

Stretchable electronics have become essential for custom-built electronics, self-assembling robotics, and wearable devices. Although many stretchable electronics contain integrated systems, they still limit bulky connection systems. We introduce a new dual-functioned self-attachable and stretchable interface (SASI), allowing a direct and instant interconnection between rigid and soft electronics. The SASI consists of a sticky and stretchable substrate and surface-embedded serpentine conductors with the single-sided polyimide fabricated using the embedded transfer process. The adhesion property of the SASI is controlled by the mixed elastomer ratio. The resulting sticky and conductive SASI can instantly adhere to a metal surface and create conductive paths. The SASI serpentine conductors exhibit high stretchability (∼290%) and provide self-attachable, re-attachable, and low-resistant electrical contacts (0.85 ohms in 0.25 mm<sup>2</sup>) between interfaces without pressure, heat, or extra solder. In addition, three-dimensional curved and modular electronics can be formed with the SASI by compiling functional blocks. SASI provides a novel strategy for assembling functional chips or modules for stretchable electronics, opening a path to onboard integrated electronics that are customizable by users for real-world stretchable electronics.
Controlling CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing (2019)

Off-target DNA editing by the CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein nuclease in the experimental treatment of genetic disease is a safety concern. A recent study provides proof of principle of an oligonucleotide-based “quencher” that blocks its activity.
Tube-Balloon Logic for the Exploration of Fluidic Control Elements (2022)

The control of pneumatically driven soft robots typically requires electronics. Microcontrollers are connected to power electronics that switch valves and pumps on and off. As a recent alternative, fluidic control methods have been introduced, in which soft digital logic gates permit multiple actuation states to be achieved in soft systems. Such systems have demonstrated autonomous behaviors without the use of electronics. However, fluidic controllers have required complex fabrication processes. To democratize the exploration of fluidic controllers, we developed tube-balloon logic circuitry, which consists of logic gates made from straws and balloons. Each tube-balloon logic device takes a novice five minutes to fabricate and costs $0.45. Tube-balloon logic devices can also operate at pressures of up to 200 kPa and oscillate at frequencies of up to 15 Hz. We configure the tube-balloon logic device as NOT-, NAND-, and NOR-gates and assemble them into a three-ring oscillator to demonstrate a vibrating sieve that separates sugar from rice. Because tube-balloon logic devices are low-cost, easy to fabricate, and their operating principle is simple, they are well suited for exploring fundamental concepts of fluidic control schemes while encouraging design inquiry for pneumatically driven soft robots.
Optimizing the use of topical brimonidine in rosacea management: panel recommendations. (2015)

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathophysiology that manifests with central facial redness with or without papulopustular lesions. Often, patients with rosacea present with a constellation of signs and symptoms; for best results, the treatment plan should take into account all symptoms manifesting in the individual patient. The first available pharmacologic treatment to address the redness associated with rosacea is topical brimonidine. In the United States, brimonidine topical gel 0.33% is indicated for persistent facial erythema of rosacea; approval was based on clinically significant efficacy and good safety data from large-scale clinical trials. Use of brimonidine in routine clinical practice has yielded new insights that elaborate on the findings from clinical trials. For example, real-world use has shown that a percentage of patients (in our experience, approximately 10 to 20%) treated with brimonidine experience a worsening of erythema that has been called "rebound." Our routine use of this agent for >1 year has yielded strategies to set patient expectations, optimize treatment initiation, and minimize potential problems; this article details those strategies. Because we believe that the term "rebound" has been used to describe several physiologically distinct events, we have also proposed more specific terminology for such events.
A concerted two-prong approach to the in situ allosteric regulation of bifunctional catalysis (2016)

Herein, we report the reversible <i>in situ</i> "on-off" allosteric regulation of hydrogen-bond-donating (HBD)-Lewis base co-catalytic activity <i>via</i> a concerted two-prong methodology entailing cooperative acid-base chemistry and a structurally addressable coordination complex. Specifically, a heteroligated Pt(ii) weak-link approach (WLA) tweezer complex containing both a hemilabile squaramide-piperidine-based catalytic ligand and a sodium sulfonate hydrogen-bond-accepting (HBA) ligand was synthesized. Due to the hemilabile nature of the catalyst-containing ligand, the heteroligated complex can be reversibly toggled <i>in situ</i> between a flexible, semi-open state and a rigid, fully closed state upon the addition of elemental ion cues. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy titration studies show that in the semi-open state interligand hydrogen-bonding prevents substrate recognition by the squaramide unit, while in the fully closed state ligand-ligand interactions are prevented. This results in a catalytically active closed state, whereas in the semi-open state, when the piperidine tertiary amine is deliberately protonated, no catalytic activity is observed. Reversible interconversion between the active fully closed state and the dormant protonated semi-open state is achieved in the presence of substrate upon the concerted addition and abstraction of both a proton and a coordinating elemental anion. In this work, allosteric regulation of catalytic activity is demonstrated for both the Michael addition of nitroethane to β-nitrostyrene and the ring-opening of l-(-)-lactide. Taken together, this work details a potentially generalizable platform for the "on-off" allosteric regulation of a family of HBD-Lewis base co-catalysts capable of catalyzing a broad scope of reactions, including the living ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters.
Shallow water single mode excitation using feedback control (1994)

This work presents an adaptive algorithm for exciting a single mode in the shallow water acoustic waveguide. Previous efforts have focused on laboratory waveguides using pre-computed weights for the source array based on precise prior knowledge of the channel [Clay and Huang, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 792–794 (1980), Gazanhes and Garnier, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 963–969 (1981)]. In contrast to these open-loop systems, the algorithm presented here uses a reference receiver array to implement a closed-loop feedback control system. The channel is characterized through an effective coupling matrix relating the source weights to the coefficients of the excited modes. The algorithm iterates between estimating the coupling matrix from the reference observations, and determining the source array weights from the estimated coupling matrix. Results from detailed simulations using actual sound-speed and bottom parameters indicate this approach allows the algorithm to adapt and compensate for environmental mismatch and some time-dependent fluctuations.
IN VITRO COMPARISON OF STONE RETROPULSION AND FRAGMENTATION OF THE FREQUENCY DOUBLED, DOUBLE PULSE ND:YAG LASER AND THE HOLMIUM:YAG LASER (2005)

At lower frequency settings stone retropulsion was significantly greater with the FREDDY laser compared with the holmium laser. However, retropulsion was significantly less than that caused by the pneumatic lithotripter at all settings. Therefore, we recommend the use of an occlusive device, such as the Stone Cone (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts) proximal to the calculus during intracorporeal ureteral lithotripsy and in the ureteropelvic junction during percutaneous laser nephrostolithotomy. In vitro stone fragmentation was significantly greater with the FREDDY laser than with the holmium:YAG laser, suggesting that the FREDDY may offer a low cost alternative to the holmium:YAG laser lithotrite in select patients.
Physical layer implementation and evaluation of multiple input multiple output - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system (2004)

In this paper, we introduce a physical layer implementation and some test results for the multiple input multiple output - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) fast prototype system for the fourth generation mobile communication. The system has the key features of antenna diversity maximizing and fading-robustness with the preamble/pilots and frame structures, which are suitable for channel estimation, timing, and frequency synchronization and unbiased signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio estimation. These features are verified by the analysis and evaluation test results got from the implemented MIMO-OFDM system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐benzopyrans from Phenols and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Health and Environmental Applications of Integrating Low Power Sensors with Wireless Technology (2013)

This work describes a platform technology being developed with the integration of low-power, miniature sensors with wireless technology to enable independent living by enhancing health and environmental monitoring and communication for seniors, allowing them to lead a high quality life while maintaining their independence. The technology can help improve safety, productivity, and social integration along with reduced senior care costs associated with assisted living centers and hospitals.
Heat assisted magnetic recording with a fully integrated recording head (2007)

Scaling the areal density, while maintaining a proper balance between media signal-to-noise, thermal stability and writability will soon require an alternative recording technology. Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) can achieve this balance by allowing high anisotropy media to be written by heating the media during the writing process (e.g. by laser light) to temporarily lower the anisotropy. Three major challenges of designing a HAMR head that tightly focuses light and collocates it with the magnetic field are discussed: 1) Magnetic Field Delivery, 2)Optical Delivery, and 3) Integration of Magnetic &amp; Optical Field Delivery Components. Thousands of these HAMR heads were built into sliders and HGAs, and optical and scanning electron micrograph images are shown. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) characterization of the HAMR head shows that the predicted ~&#955;/4 full-width half-maximum (FWHM) spot size can be achieved using 488 nm light (124 nm was achieved). SNOM images also show that wafer level fabricated apertures were able to effectively eliminate sidelobes from the focused spot intensity profile. An MFM image of HAMR media shows that Non-HAMR (laser power off) was not able to write transitions in the HAMR specific media even at very high write currents, but transitions could be written using HAMR (laser power on), even at lower write currents. A cross-track profile is shown for a fully integrated HAMR head where the magnetic pole physical width is ~350 nm, but the written track is ~200nm, which demonstrates HAMR. A HAMR optimization contour shows that there is an optimum write current and laser power and that simply going to the highest write current and laser power does not lead to the best recording. Lastly, some prospects for advancing HAMR are given and a few key problems to be solved are mentioned.
Reinforcement Learning Beyond Expectation (2021)

The inputs and preferences of human users are important considerations in situations where these users interact with autonomous cyber or cyber-physical systems. In these scenarios, one is often interested in aligning behaviors of the system with the preferences of one or more human users. Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is a paradigm that has been empirically shown to model a tendency of humans to view gains and losses differently. In this paper, we consider a setting where an autonomous agent has to learn behaviors in an unknown environment. In traditional reinforcement learning, these behaviors are learned through repeated interactions with the environment by optimizing an expected utility. In order to endow the agent with the ability to closely mimic the behavior of human users, we optimize a CPT-based cost. We introduce the notion of the CPT-value of an action taken in a state, and establish the convergence of an iterative dynamic programming-based approach to estimate this quantity. We develop two algorithms to enable agents to learn policies to optimize the CPT-value, and evaluate these algorithms in environments where a target state has to be reached while avoiding obstacles. We demonstrate that behaviors of the agent learned using these algorithms are better aligned with that of a human user who might be placed in the same environment, and is significantly improved over a baseline that optimizes an expected utility.
Prevalence, Associated Factors and Health-related Quality of Life of Dual Sensory Impairment in Residential Care Facilities in Singapore (2021)

Purpose To investigate the prevalence of dual sensory impairment (DSI), its associated factors and relationship with health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in residential care facilities (RCF) in Singapore.Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 123 residents aged ≥40 years from six RCFs, conducted between 2016 and 2018. DSI was defined as concomitant presenting visual acuity (better-eye) >0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution and a pure-tone air conduction threshold (better-ear) >40 dB HL in any of the four tested frequencies (500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz). HR-QoL was quantified using the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to determine the associated factors of DSI. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between DSI and HR-QoL adjusted for traditional confounders.Results Of the 123 residents (age [mean±standard deviation] 75.3 ± 10.8 years; 56.9% male), 97 (78.9%[95% confidence interval(CI):71.6%, 86.1%]) had DSI, with 110 (98.2%) not on follow-up care for their sensory disabilities. In multivariable models, male gender (prevalence ratio(PR) [95%CI] = 1.3[1.1, 1.6]), older age (per 10-year increase (1.2[1.1, 1.3])), education ≤6 years (1.3[1.1, 1.7]) and the presence of cataract (1.3[1.0, 1.7]) were independently associated with DSI. DSI was independently associated with a substantial worsening in HR-QoL (β = −0.61; 95%CI: −0.76, −0.45; p < .001).Conclusions DSI affects four in five residential care residents and is substantially associated with reductions in HR-QoL in these residents. Our finding highlights an urgent need for the implementation of routine vision and hearing screening and follow-up care for residents living in these facilities.
Crystal defects and spin tunneling in single crystals ofMn12clusters (2002)

The question addressed in this paper is that of the influence of the density of dislocations on the spin tunneling in ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ clusters. We have determined the variation in the mosaicity of fresh and thermally treated single crystals of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ by analyzing the widening of low angle x-ray diffraction peaks. It has also been well established from both isothermal magnetization and relaxation experiments that there is a broad distribution of tunneling rates which is shifted to higher rates when the density of dislocations increases.
Silicon nanowires and nanotrees: elaboration and optimization of new 3D architectures for high performance on-chip supercapacitors (2016)

Micro-supercapacitors are increasingly foreseen as future energy storage or power buffer solutions for small scale integration on-chip. This study develops optimized silicon nanotrees as an innovative electrode material.