gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CEASER: Mitigating Conflict-Based Cache Attacks via Encrypted-Address and Remapping (2018)

Modern processors share the last-level cache between all the cores to efficiently utilize the cache space. Unfortunately, such sharing makes the cache vulnerable to attacks whereby an adversary can infer the access pattern of a co-running application by carefully orchestrating evictions using cache conflicts. Conflict-based attacks can be mitigated by randomizing the location of the lines in the cache. Unfortunately, prior proposals for randomized mapping require storage-intensive tables and are effective only if the OS can classify the applications into protected and unprotected groups. The goal of this paper is to mitigate conflict-based attacks while incurring negligible storage and performance overheads, and without relying on OS support. This paper provides the key insight that randomized mapping can be accomplished efficiently by accessing the cache with an encrypted address, as encryption would cause the lines that map to the same set of a conventional cache to get scattered to different sets. This paper proposes CEASE, a design that uses Low-Latency Block-Cipher (LLBC) to translate the physical line-address into an encrypted line-address, and accesses the cache with this encrypted line-address. We analyze efficient designs for LLBC that can perform encryption and decryption within two cycles. We also propose CEASER, a design that periodically changes the encryption key and performs dynamic-remapping to improve robustness. CEASER provides strong security (tolerates 100+ years of attack), has low performance overhead (1% slowdown), requires a storage overhead of less than 24 bytes for the newly added structures, and does not need any OS support.
Darstellung und chemische Eigenschaften von 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,3,2λ5‐benzoxazastibolen (1976)

Abstract Die Synthese der Benzoxazastibole 1 – 9 aus o ‐Aminophenolen und Triarylantimondibromiden (Weg A) oder o ‐Aminoaroxylen und Triarylstibinen (Weg B) wird beschrieben. Gegenüber basischen Reagentien sind die Heterocyclen stabil, während im sauren Medium Solvolyse erfolgt. Bei Temperaturen oberhalb 25°C findet Weiterreaktion zu neungliedrigen Ringsystemen statt. Unter oxidativen Bedingungen werden die Oxazastibole gespalten, wobei Phenoxazinyl‐Radikale entstehen. Die Regiospezifität dieser Reaktion wird durch ESR‐Untersuchungen nachgewiesen.
Evolution of the Single‐Pool Urea Kinetic Model (2001)

Our interest in urea kinetic modeling (UKM) was stimulated some 30 years ago at the time of the advent of hollow fiber kidneys with greatly improved urea transport. This led to examination of the interaction between time and clearance in computing the dialysis dose. In early studies a fixed-volume single-pool UKM was used but this frequently gave spurious high volumes and led to the advent of the variable-volume single-pool model. The role of volume calculation in assessment of the delivered dialysis dose and the value of normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) calculation are reviewed. More recently quantification of double-pool effects has become simplified and now is widely used for UKM. The National Cooperative Dialysis Study (NCDS) resulted in the concept of dose quantification by Kt/V. This is reviewed, including the controversy surrounding interpretation of the NCDS. Currently there is great interest in more frequent dialysis, 4-6 days/week. The development of a new dose parameter, the standard Kt/V (stdKt/V), to enable quantitative comparison of dose with widely varying dose schedules is discussed.
Isolable Gold(I) Complexes Having One Low-Coordinating Ligand as Catalysts for the Selective Hydration of Substituted Alkynes at Room Temperature without Acidic Promoters (2009)

Hydration of a wide range of alkynes to the corresponding ketones has been afforded in high yields at room temperature by using gold(I)-phosphine complexes as catalyst, with no acidic cocatalysts required. Suitable substrates covering alkyl and aryl terminal alkynes, enynes, internal alkynes, and propargylic alcohols, including enantiopure forms, are cleanly transformed to the corresponding ketones in nearly quantitative yields. Acid-labile groups present in the substrates are preserved. The catalytic activity strongly depends on both the nature of the phosphine coordinated to the gold (I) center and the softness of the counteranion, the complex AuSPhosNTf(2) showing the better activity. A plausible mechanism for the hydration of alkynes through ketal intermediates is proposed on the basis of kinetic studies. The described catalytic system should provide an efficient alternative to mercury-based methodologies and be useful in synthetic programs.
Multiplication and Cytopathology of Coxsackie A-21 Virus in Rotated and Stationary Tissue Culture (1962)

Rotation of HEp-2 tissue cultures infected with Coxsackie A-21 virus enhanced the production and rapidity of appearance of CPE. In comparable stationary cultures the formation of CPE was delayed and often it was not demonstrable. Although the rate of virus replication was slightly faster in the rotated cultures the amounts of virus produced in both systems were similar.
A 0.42V high bandwidth synthesizable parallel access smart memory fabric for computer vision (2017)

We present a design of a 2 to 12 port scalable multiport compiler with simultaneous read port access and closely packed graphics integration capability specially designed for low power high bandwidth, low latency stream vector processors and machine learning applications. Novel pipe-lined decoder and bitline repeater insertion helps to achieve a fast cycle time. Memory words can be accessed in different ways, serial, parallel or mixed. A wide supply range from 0.4V to 1.1V is supported without any complex write or read assist circuit. Design is non-self-timed and fully testable while timing and power views are generated through a static timing analysis (STA) approach. Layout is based on automatic place and route of standard cells in periphery and full custom standard cell compatible high density memory core. Full custom core is tightly bound with the common graphics processing operations, to enable low latency (<; 1μs), high bandwidth operations at low voltage. Hybrid approach reduces the turn around time to just a few man weeks. Area penalty of a 2W2R 64 Kbit instance is up to 10% in comparison to a logic rule based full custom high speed 1W1R compiler, while doubling the throughput. Compared to complete RTL based synthesis approach, area is just 5% for 64 Kbit. A 2W2R 32×128 testchip instance in sub-20nm FinFET process, runs up-to 3 GHz on CAD at 1.1 V supply at -40 ° C. While measured speed of same instance on silicon is 86 MHz (at 0.42 V) for simultaneous access from both the ports and energy consumed is just 5 pJ/cycle in typical process corner. Architecture is scalable up to 64KB for more parallel architectures (64 cores) as demanded in ultra-high definition real time computational photography [1].
Synthesis and water oxidation electrocatalytic and electrochromic behaviours of mesoporous nickel oxide thin film electrodes (2019)

A molten salt assisted self-assembly method has been employed to produce mesoporous nickel oxide thin films that have a large surface area, efficient water oxidation electrocatalytic performance and good electrochromic properties.
Charge-Depleting Control Strategies and Fuel Optimization of Blended-Mode Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2011)

This paper investigates the fuel consumption minimization problem of a blended-mode plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). A simplified mathematical model of the PHEV was constructed to obtain optimal solutions for depleting the battery to a given final state of charge (SOC) under constant vehicle speed. An optimal power strategy was constructed from theoretical analysis and simulation for constant speed cases and then applied to typical drive-cycle simulations for a middle-size plug-in sport utility vehicle in the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US06 (Supplemental Federal Test Procedure), and the CR-City drive cycles. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy is more efficient than other strategies of interest. Only the electric system loss characteristics, vehicle power demand, total battery energy, and trip distance are needed to implement the proposed control strategy in a PHEV. It does not rely on the detailed trip information other than the total trip distance. Therefore, it is possible to implement the control strategy in real time if the total trip distance is known before the trip.
[Regulation of chondrogenesis by PTH/PTHrP signaling]. (2003)

During endo chondral bone development, parathyroid hormone-related peptide(PTHrP)is expressed by the perichondrial cells and proliferating chondrocytes in the periarticular region. PTHrP mRNA expression is increased by Indian Hedgehog(Ihh), which is expressed by prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. PTHrP acts directly on columnar proliferating chondrocytes to prevent hypertrophic differentiation. This prevention indirectly results in less Ihh signaling by decreasing the number of prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes expressing Ihh. This negative feedback loop serves to regulate the balance of differentiation and proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes. Gs, cAMP, Sox9 and CREB seem to act downstream of PTHrP, while Patched, smoothened, Gli appear to act downstream of Ihh.
Role of chiral symmetry in second-order nonlinear optical materials (1997)

We have used second-harmonic generation as a technique to examine different types of chiral materials. All materials investigated showed large circular-difference effects in the second-harmonic response, i.e., the efficiency of the process was different for left- and right-hand circularly-polarized light. Study of various chiral materials has shown that a different quantitative and qualitative response can be expected depending on the composition and structure. In addition, we have demonstrated the existence of magnetic-dipole coniributions to the nonlinearity of those materials.
Comparison of Sugar Molecule Decomposition through Glucose and Fructose: A High-Level Quantum Chemical Study (2011)

Efficient chemical conversion of biomass is essential to produce sustainable energy and industrial chemicals. Industrial level conversion of glucose to useful chemicals, such as furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, and levulinic acid, is a major step in the biomass conversion but is difficult because of the formation of undesired products and side reactions. To understand the molecular level reaction mechanisms involved in the decomposition of glucose and fructose, we have carried out high-level quantum chemical calculations [Gaussian-4 (G4) theory]. Selective 1,2-dehydration, keto–enol tautomerization, isomerization, retro-aldol condensation, and hydride shifts of glucose and fructose molecules were investigated. Detailed kinetic and thermodynamic analyses indicate that, for acyclic glucose and fructose molecules, the dehydration and isomerization require larger activation barriers compared to the retro-aldol reaction at 298 K in neutral medium. The retro-aldol reaction results in the formation of C2 and C4 species from glucose and C3 species from fructose. The formation of the most stable C3 species, dihydroxyacetone from fructose, is thermodynamically downhill. The 1,3-hydride shift leads to the cleavage of the C–C bond in the acyclic species; however, the enthalpy of activation is significantly higher (50–55 kcal/mol) than that of the retro-aldol reaction (38 kcal/mol) mainly because of the sterically hindered distorted four-membered transition state compared to the hexa-membered transition state in the retro-aldol reaction. Both tautomerization and dehydration are catalyzed by a water molecule in aqueous medium; however, water has little effect on the retro-aldol reaction. Isomerization of glucose to fructose and glyceraldehyde to dihydroxyacetone proceeds through hydride shifts that require an activation enthalpy of about 40 kcal/mol at 298 K in water medium. This investigation maps out accurate energetics of the decomposition of glucose and fructose molecules that is needed to help find more efficient catalyts for the conversion of hexose to useful chemicals.
Achievement method of high‐speed response of error prediction tracking control for optical disk system (2009)

Abstract This paper proposes the new design method of error‐prediction control systems combining the ZPET control and the robust feedback control. The error‐prediction control system based on ZPET control can reduce the tracking error caused by periodic disturbances more efficiently than the conventional repetitive control technique. However, the proposed tracking servo system does not reduce the residual tracking error caused by the low‐pass filter of the feedforward compensation and by the long sampling time. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes the new structure of the feedforward tracking control system. The modified ZPET control tracking servo system for optical disk recording system does not include the low‐pass filter and its sampling time becomes faster. On the other hand, the sudden disturbance observer reduces the influence of nonperiodic disturbances. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both the periodic disturbances and the nonperiodic disturbances. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(4): 51–59, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20800
CMOS integrated Silicon Photonics - does it make sense? (2014)

CMOS integrated Silicon Photonics offers a compact solution for a fully functional optical engine. The interdependence of optical and electrical components is discussed and arguments for a co-optimization of these components are given.
Magnetic Force Microscopy Images of a Nanometer‐Sized, Purely Organic High‐Spin Polyradical (2003)

Abstract Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) was applied to study both the molecular image and the magnetic response of π‐conjugated, non‐Kekulé‐, and nondisjoint‐type poly(1,2‐phenylenevinylene) (nondisjoint refers to a molecule in which non‐bonding molecular orbitals share the same region in the molecule and a multiplet ground state is significantly stabilized) networks bearing 4‐substituted di‐ tert ‐butylphenoxyl moities. The polyphenoxyl radicals 1 with molecular weights of 2.6, 9.3, and 32 kDa have a substantial stability even at room temperature and in air, and molecular sizes in the nanometer range of 10, 20, and 35 nm, respectively, with a disk‐like shape. The MFM clearly shows a magnetic gradient response exactly on the position of the polyradical molecule dispersed on a graphite surface. The MFM molecular image of polyradical samples with different molecular weights and spin concentrations was examined as a nanoscale and single‐molecular‐based magnetic dot.
Early management of presbycusis: recommendations from the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the French Society of Audiology, and the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (2023)

In the case of a clinical profile suggestive of presbycusis in a young subject, especially if there are several family cases, it is recommended to propose a genetic investigation. Free-field speech audiometry in noise is recommended to measure intelligibility in a realistic environment. Questionnaires in addition to audiometric tests would allow the best assessment of the patient's disability. Hearing rehabilitation with a hearing aid or cochlear implant may slow or prevent cognitive decline. Combined auditory and cognitive rehabilitation should be offered regardless of the time since the hearing was fitting. It is recommended to integrate programs accessible via smartphones, tablets or the Internet, that include different training domains to complement face-to-face sessions.
Visual Attention for Rendered 3D Shapes (2018)

Abstract Understanding the attentional behavior of the human visual system when visualizing a rendered 3D shape is of great importance for many computer graphics applications. Eye tracking remains the only solution to explore this complex cognitive mechanism. Unfortunately, despite the large number of studies dedicated to images and videos, only a few eye tracking experiments have been conducted using 3D shapes. Thus, potential factors that may influence the human gaze in the specific setting of 3D rendering, are still to be understood. In this work, we conduct two eye‐tracking experiments involving 3D shapes, with both static and time‐varying camera positions. We propose a method for mapping eye fixations (i.e., where humans gaze) onto the 3D shapes with the aim to produce a benchmark of 3D meshes with fixation density maps, which is publicly available. First, the collected data is used to study the influence of shape, camera position, material and illumination on visual attention. We find that material and lighting have a significant influence on attention, as well as the camera path in the case of dynamic scenes. Then, we compare the performance of four representative state‐of‐the‐art mesh saliency models in predicting ground‐truth fixations using two different metrics. We show that, even combined with a center‐bias model, the performance of 3D saliency algorithms remains poor at predicting human fixations. To explain their weaknesses, we provide a qualitative analysis of the main factors that attract human attention. We finally provide a comparison of human‐eye fixations and Schelling points and show that their correlation is weak.
A Pilot Study of Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Rituximab in Patients With Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2001)

We conducted a phase I/II trial to evaluate the toxicity and response rate of the chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Rituxan) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who had failed
Bijective maps from simplicial foliations (2016)

This paper presents a method for bijective parametrization of 2D and 3D objects over canonical domains. While a range of solutions for the two-dimensional case are well-known, our method guarantees bijectivity of mappings also for a large, combinatorially-defined class of tetrahedral meshes (shellable meshes). The key concept in our method is the piecewise-linear (PL) foliation, decomposing the mesh into one-dimensional submanifolds and reducing the mapping problem to parametrization of a lower-dimensional manifold (a foliation section). The maps resulting from these foliations are proved to be bijective and continuous, and shown to have provably bijective PL approximations. We describe exact, numerically robust evaluation methods and demonstrate our implementation's capabilities on a large variety of meshes.
Data from Resistance to CDK2 Inhibitors Is Associated with Selection of Polyploid Cells in <i>CCNE1</i>-Amplified Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Amplification of cyclin E1 (&lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt;) is associated with poor outcome in breast, lung, and other solid cancers, and is the most prominent structural variant associated with primary treatment failure in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). We have previously shown that &lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt;-amplified tumors show amplicon-dependent sensitivity to &lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt; suppression. Here, we explore targeting CDK2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in &lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt;-amplified cancers and mechanisms of resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We examined the effect of CDK2 suppression using RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors in SK-OV-3, OVCAR-4, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines. To identify mechanisms of resistance, we derived multiple, independent resistant sublines of OVCAR-3 to CDK2 inhibitors. Resistant cells were extensively characterized by gene expression and copy number analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting profiling and conventional karyotyping. In addition, we explored the relationship between &lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt; amplification and polyploidy using data from primary tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We validate &lt;i&gt;CDK2&lt;/i&gt; as a therapeutic target in CCNE1-amplified cells by showing selective sensitivity to suppression, either by gene knockdown or using small-molecule inhibitors. In addition, we identified two resistance mechanisms, one involving upregulation of CDK2 and another novel mechanism involving selection of polyploid cells from the pretreatment tumor population. Our analysis of genomic data shows that polyploidy is a feature of cancer genomes with &lt;i&gt;CCNE1&lt;/i&gt; amplification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings suggest that cyclinE1/CDK2 is an important therapeutic target in HGSC, but that resistance to CDK2 inhibitors may emerge due to upregulation of CDK2 target protein and through preexisting cellular polyploidy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 5960–71. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Recombinant Toxins Containing Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Either Pseudomonas Exotoxin or Diphtheria Toxin Kill Gastrointestinal Cancer and Leukemia Cells (1997)

Abstract The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR) is a potential target for toxin-directed therapy, because it is overexpressed on many leukemias and solid tumors and apparently not on stem cells. To investigate the potential therapeutic use of GM-CSF toxins, we fused human GM-CSF to truncated forms of either Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) or diphtheria toxin (DT) and tested the cytotoxicity of the resulting GM-CSF–PE38KDEL and DT388–GM-CSF on human gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas and leukemias. Toward gastric and colon cancer cell lines, GM-CSF–PE38KDEL was much more cytotoxic than DT388–GM-CSF, with IC50s (concentration resulting in 50% inhibition of protein synthesis) of 0.5 to 10 ng/mL compared with 4 to 400 ng/mL, respectively. In contrast, toward leukemia lines and fresh bone marrow cells DT388–GM-CSF was more cytotoxic than GM-CSF–PE38KDEL. The cytotoxicity of both GM-CSF–PE38KDEL and DT388–GM-CSF toward the human cells was specific, because it could be competed by an excess of GM-CSF. Binding studies indicated that human GM-CSF receptors were present on all of the human GI and leukemic cell lines tested, at levels of 540 to 3,700 sites per cell (kd = 0.2 to 2 nmol/L), and the number of sites per cell did not correlate with the cell type. A similar pattern of cytotoxicity was found with recombinant immunotoxins binding to the transferrin receptor, in that anti-TFR(Fv)–PE38KDEL was much more cytotoxic than DT388–anti-TFR(Fv) toward GI cells, but both were similar in their cytotoxic activity toward leukemia cells. The fact that PE is more effective than DT in killing GI but not leukemic tumor cells targeted by GM-CSF indicates a fundamental difference in the way PE or DT gains access to the cytosol in these cells. GM-CSF–PE38KDEL and DT388–GM-CSF deserve further evaluation as possible treatments for selected tumors.