gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful Treatment of Optic Nerve Splitting secondary to an Internal Carotid Artery Ophthalmic Segment Aneurysm: case report and literature review (2023)

Ophthalmic segment aneurysms that divide the optic nerve are exceedingly rare. We present a unique case of asymptomatic optic nerve splitting secondary into internal carotid artery ophthalmic segment aneurysm that was successfully treated with flow diversion. Case Description: A 58-year-old female presented to an outside hospital with an intermittent “rubbing sound” in her right ear. Imaging was remarkable for a left anterior skull base meningioma and a left internal carotid artery ophthalmic segment aneurysm. Humphrey visual field testing confirmed lack of scotoma or visual deficit. Intraoperatively, during craniotomy for resection of the meningioma, the aneurysm dome was noted to be splitting the optic nerve with a thin layer covering the dome. Given that the patient was asymptomatic and had intact visual function, it was decided that flow diversion would be safer option than clipping to avoid any optic nerve manipulation. On follow up, the patient remained free of visual impairment with an occluded aneurysm. This case presentation of a unique, asymptomatic ophthalmic segment aneurysm with splitting of the optic nerve, demonstrates successful treatment with flow diversion. It is notable both for the asymptomatic presentation and for highlighting the successful treatment of this kind of aneurysm with flow diversion.
Mild Synovitis Impairs Chondrogenic Joint Environment (2023)

The impact of mild synovitis on the chondrogenic environment in the joint pertaining to cartilage repair is often neglected. In this study, 21 synovial samples were collected from foot surgeries for histology and isolation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Of the 21 samples, 13 were normal and eight were mild synovitis, according to their synovitis scores. In mild synovitis, CD3+ lymphocytes were increased in the sublining layer. When chondrocytes were cultured and treated with the conditioned medium produced by FLSs, their glycosaminoglycan production was negatively correlated with the synovitis scores of the synovium, from which FLSs were isolated. In conclusion, mild synovitis in common joint conditions compromises the process of chondrogenesis, via inhibiting chondrocyte matrix production by FLSs. The results suggest that the concomitant synovitis, even being mild, could significantly alter the joint environment for chondrogenesis and impair the outcome of cartilage repair.
Generating Permissive Site‐specific Unnatural Amino Acid Synthetases (2010)

Genetically incorporated unnatural amino acid (UAA) technologies are powerful tools that are greatly enhancing our ability to study and engineer biological systems. To incorporate UAAs into protein, the substrate recognition properties of an aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase (RS) must be modified. Protocols to do so are technically simple but require time and optimization, which has significantly limited the accessibly of this important technology. At present, engineered RSs are evaluated on their efficiency and fidelity. We propose that a third parameter of substrate recognition – permissivity – is equally important. Permissive RSs, whose relaxed substrate recognition properties allows them to incorporate multiple unnatural amino acids (but not natural amino acids), would eliminate the need to generate new RSs for many new unnatural amino acids. Methods for quickly and easily assessing the permissivity of existing RSs and for generating permissive RSs are presented. We determined the degree of permissivity of two UAA‐RSs for a family of structurally related fluorinated UAAs (19F‐UAAs). We then increased the permissivity of the initial RSs to allow for incorporation of the family of 19F‐UAAs. We expect that results of this work will increase the accessibility of UAA technology and the use of new UAAs in proteins. Supported by F&amp;M funds, NSF‐MCB‐0448297; Research Corporation (CC6364); and ACS‐PRF (42214‐GB4).
Correction for specimen movement after acquisition of element‐specific electron microprobe images (1989)

Because a long time is generally required to generate X-ray maps of specific elements by electron beam methods, images are subject to a loss of resolution due to stage movement. Methods have been previously described for correcting stage drift during exposure by sensing the drift and deflecting the beam to follow the stage; but these methods require modifications of the equipment. When the drift is not excessive, it is possible to correct a series of images after the exposure series is finished. Here we demonstrate two methods for correcting the drift, one based on manual assignment of specimen position and one on the use of cross-correlation functions to determine objectively the misalignment of images in the series. The success of the methods is illustrated in calcium-specific images of a bone section that show the collagen periodicity after drift correction.
Group B streptococcus carriage and vulvovaginal symptoms: causal or casual? A case-control study in a GUM clinic population (2003)

<b>Objectives:</b> The isolation of group B streptococcus (GBS) on routine swabs taken from genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attendees is a common finding. The relation of GBS to vulvovaginal symptoms is unclear, creating confusion about management. This case-control study tested the hypothesis that detection of GBS on routine clinical specimens is not causally related to vulvovaginal symptoms in female GUM clinic attendees. <b>Methods:</b> Data were collected on all female GUM clinic attendees who had GBS isolated from anogenital swabs between July 1999 and July 2001. Controls were randomly selected from all new and rebooking female GUM clinic attendees. Controls were group matched for age with cases and were included only if a sexual health screen was performed and the results of this were available. <b>Results:</b> 118 cases and 308 controls were identified during the study period. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in patient demographic or behavioural characteristics, the presence of genital co-infection, or vulvovaginal symptoms. There was no relation between symptoms and quantitative growth of GBS reported by the laboratory in either cervical or urethral swabs. Only nine cases had high vaginal swabs taken, in whom there was a significant association between a heavy growth of GBS and vulvovaginal symptoms (p=0.008). <b>Conclusion:</b> The isolation of GBS from routinely collected genital swabs in female attendees of a GUM clinic is not causally related to vulvovaginal symptoms. We recommend that patients should receive this advice and should not be treated with antibiotic therapy for this indication.
Synchronisation de porteuse à très faible rapport signal à bruit pour applications satellite large bande (2005)

Cette thèse traite du problème de la synchronisation de porteuse pour la transmission de données entre un satellite géostationnaire et un terminal utilisateur. L'étude menée ici se rapporte plus précisément à des systèmes multimédia large bande exploitant les bandes Ku/Ka. Les systèmes actuellement envisagés se fondent par ailleurs sur des modulations de phase et les normes les plus récentes privilégient des ordres de modulations élevés afin d'augmenter l'efficacité spectrale des systèmes. A faible rapport signal à bruit, les techniques de synchronisation classiques ne sont pas suffisamment performantes pour garantir la qualité de service requise. Les algorithmes proposés dans cette étude se fondent sur le décodage souple d'un code de parité simple pour la synchronisation de phase porteuse. Nous étudions d'abord comment extraire une information de décodage à partir des symboles reçus, et comment l'exploiter lors de la synchronisation de phase. Deux algorithmes de synchronisation issus du maximum de vraisemblance sont déduits de cette approche, le premier fondé sur une boucle de phase et adapté aux transmissions continues, le second sur un estimateur direct et adapté à des transmissions par paquets courts. Les résultats de simulations présentés dans cette thèse sont fondés sur un modèle de transmission inspiré de la norme DVB-S2. Nous montrons que dans un contexte tel que celui de transmissions multimédia par satellite, les algorithmes proposés constituent une alternative intéressante à l'utilisation de symboles pilotes pour l'initialisation d'algorithmes itératifs plus performants.
Influence of the Surrogate in Laboratory Evaluation of Energy-Absorbing Steering System (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Various surrogates and responses are available for study of the impact performance of energy absorbing steering systems in the laboratory. The relative influence of the SAE J-944 body block, the Part 572 dummy, and the GM Hybrid III dummy and of the associated thoracic responses were investigated for steering assembly impact in a series of sled tests. Not only did response amplitudes differ among the surrogates but more importantly trends in impact performance associated with modifications of the steering assembly depended on the choice of surrogate and response. The Hybrid III dummy was judged the best of the tested surrogates for study of the steering system impact performance in the laboratory, based on its more humanlike construction, impact response and expanded measurement capacity.&lt;/div&gt;
A 4GS/s 8‐bit time‐interleaved SAR ADC with an energy‐efficient architecture in 130 nm CMOS (2021)

Abstract This paper presents the design, implementation, and measurements of a 4 GS/s, 8‐bit resolution, time‐interleaved (TI) analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) comprised of 32 asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs. The chip is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process. This prototype achieves the highest sampling rate and the best efficiency for a SAR TI‐ADC in the process used. An energy‐efficient hierarchical T&amp;H architecture, ranked in a 4 × 8 structure, has been used to interleave the aforementioned high number of SAR ADCs avoiding the power hungry buffers typically used in the input signal path and/or T&amp;H outputs. The sampling architecture includes programmable delay cells with up to 104 fs resolution to calibrate sampling time errors. Additionally, the input matching network uses an on‐chip inductance to mitigate the impact of the packaging on the analog bandwidth. An efficient SAR ADC implementation is achieved by an optimized comparator design, which allows for both, noise and asynchronous clock control, and includes background DC offset calibration. The test chip is the core of a measurement platform dedicated to the evaluation of mismatch calibration techniques for ADCs used in high speed digital communication systems. To enable this application, a 32Gb/s low‐voltage differential signaling interface is included to transmit the samples off‐chip without any decimation. The TI‐ADC achieves a peak 7.09 effective number of bits (ENOB) (5.47ENOB at Nyquist) and 1.3 GHz input bandwidth with a power consumption of 93 mW at 1.2 V. Each SAR ADC channel achieves a Walden figure of merit (FOM) of 123fJ/conv‐step and owing to the efficient interleaved architecture the full TI‐ADC achieves a peak FOM of 171fJ/conv‐step (526fJ/conv‐step at Nyquist).
Toward Consistent State Management of Adaptive Programmable Networks Based on P4 (2019)

Emerging network applications (augmented reality, industrial Internet, etc.) introduce stringent new requirements on the performance, dependability, and adaptability of communication networks. Programmable data planes (e.g., based on P4) provide new opportunities to meet these requirements, by enabling adaptive network reconfigurations. However, ensuring consistency during such reconfigurations remains challenging. This paper makes a first step toward a more automated state management of adaptive data planes. In particular, we present an efficient P4 state management framework, P4State, which allows to quickly identify the network states from the source code that are critical for data plane reconfigurations (e.g., due to scaling, failure recovery). We report on first promising evaluation results of our prototype implementation in terms of correctness and efficiency, also considering two case studies using HULA (load balancing in data center) and HashPipe (line-rate measurement in data plane).
CYP27A1 Loss Dysregulates Cholesterol Homeostasis in Prostate Cancer (2017)

In this study, we used a bioinformatic approach to identify genes whose expression is dysregulated in human prostate cancers. One of the most dramatically downregulated genes identified encodes CYP27A1, an enzyme involved in regulating cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Importantly, lower CYP27A1 transcript levels were associated with shorter disease-free survival and higher tumor grade. Loss of CYP27A1 in prostate cancer was confirmed at the protein level by immunostaining for CYP27A1 in annotated tissue microarrays. Restoration of CYP27A1 expression in cells where its gene was silenced attenuated their growth <i>in vitro</i> and in tumor xenografts. Studies performed <i>in vitro</i> revealed that treatment of prostate cancer cells with 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), an enzymatic product of CYP27A1, reduced cellular cholesterol content in prostate cancer cell lines by inhibiting the activation of sterol regulatory-element binding protein 2 and downregulating low-density lipoprotein receptor expression. Our findings suggest that CYP27A1 is a critical cellular cholesterol sensor in prostate cells and that dysregulation of the CYP27A1/27HC axis contributes significantly to prostate cancer pathogenesis. <i>Cancer Res; 77(7); 1662-73. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Functional Analysis of Maize RAD51 in Meiosis and Double-Strand Break Repair (2007)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad51p plays a central role in homologous recombination and the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Double mutants of the two Zea mays L. (maize) rad51 homologs are viable and develop well under normal conditions, but are male sterile and have substantially reduced seed set. Light microscopic analyses of male meiosis in these plants reveal reduced homologous pairing, synapsis of nonhomologous chromosomes, reduced bivalents at diakinesis, numerous chromosome breaks at anaphase I, and that >33% of quartets carry cells that either lack an organized nucleolus or have two nucleoli. This indicates that RAD51 is required for efficient chromosome pairing and its absence results in nonhomologous pairing and synapsis. These phenotypes differ from those of an Arabidopsis rad51 mutant that exhibits completely disrupted chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. Unexpectedly, surviving female gametes produced by maize rad51 double mutants are euploid and exhibit near-normal rates of meiotic crossovers. The finding that maize rad51 double mutant embryos are extremely susceptible to radiation-induced DSBs demonstrates a conserved role for RAD51 in the repair of mitotic DSBs in plants, vertebrates, and yeast.
Efficient Green Energy Far-Field Wireless Charging for Internet of Things (2022)

With the worldwide ubiquitous implementation of Internet of Things (IoT), IoT devices (IoTDs) and their emerging applications are commendably enriching people’s daily life with intelligence and convenience. However, a tremendous number of IoTDs all over the world, incurring a huge amount of energy consumption, are exacerbating the global electric grid load and natural environment changes while the electronic equipment traditional charging approaches are unable to efficiently power the IoTDs. Leveraging green energy to remotely charge the IoTDs (i.e., green energy far-filed wireless charging) is the essential solution to revolutionarily resolve these problems. In this work, we propose a two-step green energy wireless charging (TREE) algorithm to efficiently power the IoTDs for the multiple-green base stations (GBSs)-to-multiple IoTDs charging scenarios. First, we propose the recharging threshold model for IoTDs and schedule the IoTDs to be efficiently charged by their associated GBSs within the green wireless charging time period. Second, for those IoTDs that will not be fully charged, we propose the multi-GBS joint accumulative charging scheme to fulfill most of the IoTDs’ charging requirements within the charging period. Finally, we validate the performance of the proposed algorithm through extensive simulations.
Evaluation of Resistance Development to the Gwt1 Inhibitor Manogepix (APX001A) in Candida Species (2019)

Manogepix (MGX) targets the conserved fungal Gwt1 enzyme required for acylation of inositol early in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis pathway. The prodrug fosmanogepix is currently in clinical development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. We determined that the median frequencies of spontaneous mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to MGX in <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>C. glabrata</i>, and <i>C. parapsilosis</i> ranged from 3 × 10<sup>-8</sup> to <1.85 × 10<sup>-8</sup> Serial passage on agar identified mutants of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i> with reduced susceptibility to MGX; however, this methodology did not result in <i>C. glabrata</i> mutants with reduced susceptibility. Similarly, serial passage in broth resulted in ≤2-fold changes in population MIC values for <i>C. tropicalis</i>, <i>C. auris</i>, and <i>C. glabrata</i> A spontaneous V163A mutation in the Gwt1 protein of <i>C. glabrata</i> and a corresponding <i>C. albicans</i> heterozygous V162A mutant were obtained. A <i>C. glabrata</i> V163A Gwt1 mutant generated using CRISPR, along with V162A and V168A mutants expressed in <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Gwt1, respectively, all demonstrated reduced susceptibility to MGX versus control strains, suggesting the importance of this valine residue to MGX binding across different species. Cross-resistance to the three major classes of antifungals was evaluated, but no changes in susceptibility to amphotericin B or caspofungin were observed in any mutant. No change was observed in fluconazole susceptibility, with the exception of a single non-Gwt1 mutant, where a 4-fold increase in the fluconazole MIC was observed. MGX demonstrated a relatively low potential for resistance development, consistent with other approved antifungal agents and those in clinical development.
Resolving the memory bottleneck for single supply near-threshold computing (2014)

This paper focuses on a review of state-of-the-art memory designs and new design methods for near-threshold computing (NTC). In particular, it presents new ways to design reliable low-voltage NTC memories cost-effectively by reusing available cell libraries, or by adding a digital wrapper around existing commercially available memories. The approach is based on modeling at system level supported by silicon measurement on a test chip in a 40nm low-power processing technology. Advanced monitoring, control and run-time error mitigation schemes enable the operation of these memories at the same optimal near-Vt voltage level as the digital logic. Reliability degradation is thus overcome and this opens the way to solve the memory bottleneck in NTC systems. Starting from the available 40 nm silicon measurements, the analysis is extended to future 14 and 10 nm technology nodes.
A filtering technique to solve flicker problems due to use of induction machines in wind power generation (2005)

Squirrel cage induction machines represent a common solution widely adopted in wind generation. In fact, the induction machine is simple, reliable, cheap and requires very little maintenance. The employment of induction machines in wind power generation system needs, however, particular care and braininess. It is well known, in fact, that generator operating conditions can imply saturation of magnetic circuits of the machine. The saturation phenomenon has to be taken into account when the capacitance necessary for the power factor correction is chosen. Moreover, wind energy conversion system can produce torque fluctuations at the generator shaft. These fluctuations represent a serious limitation for weak networks in which flicker effect can emerge. In the paper a full modelling of the induction machine used in wind energy systems and of the flicker phenomenon is done. Moreover, the problem of connection of the induction generator to a weak network is analysed. In particular, guidelines to design an electrical filter suitable to avoid flicker effect are given.
Conversion of crop seed oils to jet fuel and associated methods (2023)

Aspects of the invention include methods to produce jet fuel from biological oil sources. The method may be comprised of two steps: hydrocracking and reforming. The process may be self-sufficient in heat and hydrogen.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Macrolactonization Using MNBA in the Synthesis of Erythromycin A Aglycon (2009)

Various intermediates for the synthesis of erythronolide A, an aglycon of erythromycin A, are prepared from the corresponding seco-acids using 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride (MNBA) in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) with or without triethylamine. The efficiency of the MNBA lactonization is assessed by studying this method and comparing the results with those of the other established macrocyclization protocols. It has been finally concluded that (i) the conformationally appropriate substrate for the monomeric cyclization gave the desired lactone in excellent yield under mild reaction conditions in the presence of MNBA and DMAP, (ii) the highly-strained substrate for the cyclization also afforded the monomeric lactone in relatively good yield at 100 degrees C in toluene, and (iii) the seco-acid having stable linear conformation, which preferred dimerizing more than forming the monomeric lactone, provided the corresponding diolide in high yield with the constant ratio of the monomer to dimeric lactone (approximately 1/5).
Separation of intrinsic dielectric and resistive electrode losses in ferroelectric capacitors at radio frequencies (2007)

To analyze the intrinsic dielectric performance of planar high-density capacitors at radio frequencies (RF), the dielectric losses need to be distinguished from the resistive electrode losses. The resistive losses of the electrodes at RF are de-embedded employing a linear regression procedure with partial compensation for distributed effects. We use tunable ferroelectric capacitors with a barium strontium titanate (BST) dielectric with an inner diameter d ≥ 8 μm on a silicon substrate. The de-embedding of the electrode losses has been successfully performed utilizing 1-Port RF measurement data from of an Advantest R3767CG vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range of 10 MHz – 8 GHz.