gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polysilicon sensors for CMOS-MEMS electrothermal probes (2009)

We describe multiple embedded polysilicon resistive sensors in CMOS-MEMS electrothermal probes as a step toward creating probe arrays for passing current on ICs to reconfigure resistance change (RC) vias. When not in contact, a low-resistivity unsilicided polysilicon (LP) resistor detects probe displacement indirectly through the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) effect. When in contact with a load force, the difference of two LP resistors, one under stress in the flexure and the other cantilevered, cancels the TCR and extracts the piezoresistive (PZR) change, thus working as a force sensor. With a 10 V, 37.15 mW drive, at loads less than 10 muN, the achieved force sensitivity is constant and matches within 3.1% to the sensitivity extracted by mechanically pushing on the tip. The sensitivity decreases at large loads due to the unequal thermal boundary conditions of the two LP resistors. A third silicided polysilicon (SP) resistor having near zero piezoresistance is added to detect the thermal boundary condition change thereby extending the maximum detectable load.
Impact of scanner signatures on optical proximity correction (2010)

Low pass filtering of mask diffraction orders, in the projection tools used in microelectronics industry, leads to a range of optical proximity effects, OPEs, impacting integrated circuit pattern images. These predictable OPEs can be corrected with various, model-based optical proximity correction methodologies, OPCs , the success of which strongly depends on the completeness of the imaging models they use. The image formation in scanners is driven by the illuminator settings and the projection lens NA, and modified by the scanner engineering impacts due to: 1) the illuminator signature, i.e. the distributions of illuminator field amplitude and phase, 2) the projection lens signatures representing projection lens aberration residue and the flare, and 3) the reticle and the wafer scan synchronization signatures. For 4x nm integrated circuits, these scanner impacts modify the critical dimensions of the pattern images at the level comparable to the required image tolerances. Therefore, to reach the required accuracy, the OPC models have to imbed the scanner illuminator, projection lens, and synchronization signatures. To study their effects on imaging, we set up imaging models without and with scanner signatures, and we used them to predict OPEs and to conduct the OPC of a poly gate level of 4x nm flash memory. This report presents analysis of the scanner signature impacts on OPEs and OPCs of critical patterns in the flash memory gate levels.
Oscillations Multimodales et Phénomènes Non Linéaires dans les Plasmas Poussiéreux (2013)

Oral
Data files for In situ training of feedforward and recurrent convolutional memristor networks (2019)

MATLAB data files for the manuscript "<em>In situ training of feedforward and recurrent convolutional memristor networks" </em>published on Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019. The MATLAB data file "exp_mnist.mat" consists of all experimental data on implementing the convolutional neural network with the 1-transistor 1-memristor array that is used for plotting the Figure 1 and 2 of the manuscript. The MATLAB data file "exp_mnistsequence.mat" consists of all experimental data on implementing the convolutional long short-term memory network on the 1-transistor 1-memristor array that is used for plotting the Figure 3 and 4 of the manuscript. The code that generated these data files are provided by the link within the manuscript. Alternatively, the code can be accessed via https://github.com/zhongruiwang/memristorCNN.
Bis[tetraruthenium(IV)]-Containing Polyoxometalates: [{RuIV4O6(H2O)9}2Sb2W20O68(OH)2]4– and [{RuIV4O6(H2O)9}2{Fe(H2O)2}2{β-TeW9O33}2H]− (2012)

The reaction of [Sb(2)W(22)O(74)(OH)(2)](12-) and [Fe(4)(H(2)O)(10)(β-TeW(9)O(33))(2)](4-) with (NH(4))(2)[RuCl(6)] in aqueous solution resulted in the novel ruthenium(IV)-containing polyanions [{Ru(IV)(4)O(6)(H(2)O)(9)}(2)Sb(2)W(20)O(68)(OH)(2)](4-) and [{Ru(IV)(4)O(6)(H(2)O)(9)}(2){Fe(H(2)O)(2)}(2){β-TeW(9)O(33)}(2)H](-), exhibiting two cationic, adamantane-like, tetraruthenium(IV) units {Ru(4)O(6)(H(2)O)(9)}(4+) bound to the respective polyanion in an external, highly accessible fashion.
Drones Tracking Adaptation Using Reinforcement Learning: Proximal Policy optimization (2023)

This paper presents a reinforcement learning approach for automatic adaptation of the process noise covariance (Q). The Q value plays a crucial role in estimating future state values within a Kalman filter tracking system. Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), a state-of-the-art policy optimization algorithm, was employed to determine the optimal Q value that enhances tracking performance, as measured by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Our results demonstrate the successful learning capability of the PPO agent over time, enabling it to suggest the optimal Q value by effectively capturing the policy of appropriate rewards under varying environmental conditions. These outcomes were compared with those of a feed-forward neural network learning, the Castella innovation/ Q values mapping, and fixed Q values. The PPO algorithm yielded promising results. We employed the Stone Soup library to simulate ground truths, measurements, and the Kalman filter tracking process.
Subnanometer cobalt clusters: Low temperature oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts (2014)

We have investigated the catalytic properties of size-selected subnanometer Co clusters (Co&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and Co&lt;sub&gt;27&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;) for oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of cyclohexane. The Cobalt cluster catalysts exhibit excellent activity at temperatures significantly lower than observed for conventional Pt and VOx catalysts. In situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and in situ Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) measurements were performed to attain information on the evolution of oxidation state of cobalt during the reaction. To understand the observed low temperature activity of small Co clusters for cyclohexane oxidative dehydrogenation, we carried out DFT calculations on key steps for the reaction pathway. Combined with density functional studies, this work has shown that the high activity at low temperatures is due to the low binding energy between cyclohexene and the small clusters. Both theory and experiment lead to the conclusion that under-coordinated Co sites in small Co&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; clusters are much more active for cyclohexane ODH.
SO2F2-Mediated N-Alkylation of Imino-Thiazolidinones (2021)

The <i>N</i>-alkylation of ambident and weakly nucleophilic imino-thiazolidinones has been developed <i>via</i> substitution with alkyl fluorosulfonates. These reactive electrophiles are obtained through the transformation of nontoxic, economic, and commercially available alcohol derivatives on exposure to SO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> gas. The use of electron-withdrawing groups and DMAc as solvent affords a (<i>Z</i>)- and <i>N</i>-endocyclic selectivity for the easy introduction of a variety of alkyl and polyfluoroalkyl chains.
Mechanisms and Barriers in Cancer Nanomedicine: Addressing Challenges, Looking for Solutions (2017)

Remarkable progress has recently been made in the synthesis and characterization of engineered nanoparticles for imaging and treatment of cancers, resulting in several promising candidates in clinical trials. Despite these advances, clinical applications of nanoparticle-based therapeutic/imaging agents remain limited by biological, immunological, and translational barriers. In order to overcome the existing status quo in drug delivery, there is a need for open and frank discussion in the nanomedicine community on what is needed to make qualitative leaps toward translation. In this Nano Focus, we present the main discussion topics and conclusions from a recent workshop: "Mechanisms and Barriers in Nanomedicine". The focus of this informal meeting was on biological, toxicological, immunological, and translational aspects of nanomedicine and approaches to move the field forward productively. We believe that these topics reflect the most important issues in cancer nanomedicine.
Gene Regulation with Polyvalent siRNA-Nanoparticle Conjugates* (2020)

RNA synthesis.RNA oligonucleotides were synthesized using TOM-RNA reagents (Glen Research) and a MerMade 6 (Bioautomation) or commercially made (Integrated DNA Technologies).The oligonucleotides synthesized in-house were purified using TOP-RNA cartridges (Varian).The sequences used for this study were: luciferase sense, 5' -Phosphate rCrGrA rCrUrU rCrGrU rGrCrC rArGrA rGrUrC rUrUrU rCrGAC Spacer 18 Spacer 18-Thiol -3', luciferase antisense, 5'-rGrUrC rGrArA rArGrA rCrUrC rUrGrG rCrArC rGrArA rGrUrC rGrUrA -3', Cy3 luciferase, 5'-Cy3 rGrUrC rGrArA rArGrA rCrUrC rUrGrG rCrArC rGrArA rGrUrC rGrUrA -3', Cy5 luciferase, 5'-Cy5 rGrUrC rGrArA rArGrA rCrUrC rUrGrG rCrArC rGrArA rGrUrC rGrUrA -3', luciferase dabcyl, 5'-rCrGrA rCrUrU rCrGrU rGrCrC rArGrA rGrUrC rUrUrU rCrGA C-dabcyl -3', Renilla luciferase sense,5'-Phosphate rGrGrA rGrGrA rCrGrC rUrCrC rArGrAr UrGrA rArArU rGrGGT Spacer 18 Spacer 18-Thiol-3', Renilla luciferase antisense, 5' rArCrC rCrArU rUrUrC rArUrC rUrGrG rArGrC rGrUrC rCrUrG-3'.
Regulating Foreign‐Body Responses: Development of Cationic Polymer Coatings to Regulate Foreign‐Body Responses (Adv. Mater. 24/2011) (2011)

Daniel G. Anderson and coworkers, on p. H189, synthesized a library of cationic polymers that drastically affect the morphology and behavior of monocyte/macrophage cells in vitro when immobilized on a surface, and modulate early inflammatory reactions in vivo. Certain polymers are found capable of mitigating the foreign body responses.
Augmenting a Semantic Verb Lexicon with a Large Scale Collection of Example Sentences (2006)

One of the crucial issues in semantic parsing is how to reduce costs of collecting a sufficiently large amount of labeled data. This paper presents a new approach to cost-saving annotation of example sentences with predicate-argument structure information, taking Japanese as a target language. In this scheme, a large collection of unlabeled examples are first clustered and selectively sampled, and for each sampled cluster, only one representative example is given a label by a human annotator. The advantages of this approach are empirically supported by the results of our preliminary experiments, where we use an existing similarity function and naive sampling strategy. 1.
Poor association between allergen‐specific serum immunoglobulin E levels, skin sensitivity and basophil degranulation: a study with recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and an immunoglobulin E detection system measuring immunoglobulin E capable of binding to FcɛRI (2005)

Our results highlight the quantitative discrepancies and limitations of the present diagnostic tools in allergy, even when using a single allergenic molecule. The quantity of allergen-specific serum IgE is only one component of far more complex cellular systems (i.e. basophil-based tests, skin tests) used as indirect diagnostic tests for IgE-mediated allergic sensitivity.
Peltier effect in metallic CPP structures (2005)

Here, we report Peltier effect in CPP-GMR structures. CPP-Co/Au and CPP-Cr/Au elements of a small junction size are studied. We expect that Cr/Au interface will show Peltier cooling effect on opposite current direction. R-I curves are obtained from 4-terminal AC resistance measurement with a pulsed DC bias current. The direction of the current from the bottom (Co or Cr) to the top (Au) electrode was defined as positive. From the bulk Seebeck coefficients of Co, Au, and CR, the Peltier coefficients of Co/Au and Cr/Au interface are estimated to be 9.8 mV and -6.0 mV at 300 K, respectively. From the R-I curves, the Peltier coefficient for CPP-Co/Au and CPP-Cr/Au are obtained and compared to those of the Co/Au and Cr/Au interface.
Heterogeneous Integration Enabled by the State-of-the-Art 3DIC and CMOS Technologies: Design, Cost, and Modeling (2021)

Heterogeneous integration (HI) opens up a new dimension to improve system-level functionality, performance, power, form factor, and cost. Both 3DIC interconnect and monolithic CMOS technology affect the HI strategy and cost, as well as die-to-die data interface design. A novel 3D package, with a 2nm SOC die copper-bonded on an RDL interposer, is analyzed for power integrity and thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties to illustrate co-optimization by modeling.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. (2004)

Neutrophils engulf and kill bacteria when their antimicrobial granules fuse with the phagosome. Here, we describe that, upon activation, neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin that together form extracellular fibers that bind Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. These neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria. NETs are abundant in vivo in experimental dysentery and spontaneous human appendicitis, two examples of acute inflammation. NETs appear to be a form of innate response that binds microorganisms, prevents them from spreading, and ensures a high local concentration of antimicrobial agents to degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria. PMID: 15001782 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI037720
High critical current densities in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films on silicon-on-sapphire (1991)

The use of silicon on sapphire (SOS) as a substrate for YBa2Cu3O7−δ allows the growth of thick (∼4000 Å) films without the thermally induced cracking characteristic of epitaxial films on bulk Si substrate. Epitaxy is sustained and reaction is prevented by an intermediate buffer layer of yttria-stabilized (YSZ). The transport critical current density is as high as 4.6×106 A/cm2 at 77 K, and surface resistance measurements at 4.2 K are reported. Microtwin propagation from Si into YSZ is shown not to occur.
Bioplastic (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate)-producing Massilia endophytica sp. nov., isolated from Cannabis sativa L. ‘Cheungsam’ (2023)

Abstract A rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative bacterial strain named DM-R-R2A-13 T was isolated from the plant Cannabis sativa L. ‘Cheungsam’. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain DM-R-R2A-13 T belongs to the family Oxalobacteraceae and is closely related to members of the genus Massilia , with Massilia flava (97.58% sequence similarity) and Massilia armeniaca (97.37% sequence similarity) being the closest members. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain DM-R-R2A-13 T and Massilia flava CGMCC 1.10685 T and Massilia armeniaca ZMN-3 T were 22.2% and 23.3%, while the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 78.85% and 79.63%, respectively. The DNA G + C content was measured to be 64.6 mol%. Moreover, the bacterium was found to contain polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules based on transmission electron microscopy, indicating its potential to produce bioplastic. Genome annotation revealed the presence of PHA synthase genes ( phaC , phaR , phaP , and phaZ ), and the biopolymer was identified as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Using maltose as a carbon source, the strain produced PHB of up to 13.5% of its dry cell weight. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, it has been determined that DM-R-R2A-13 T represents a novel species belonging to the genus Massilia . As such, the name Massilia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed for this newly identified species. The type strain is DM-R-R2A-13 T (= KCTC 92072 T = GDMCC 1.2920 T ).
Simultaneous Ultrasound/MRI Motion Monitoring in the Abdomen (2010)

Ultrasound and MRI are complementary imaging modalities. US imaging provides high temporal resolution and direct visualization of acoustic obstacles, while MRI provides excellent tissue contrast and a confirmed method for near real time thermometry. Overall, the expected added value of combining these two modalities would consist of more complete description of the investigated anatomy, a more accurate targeting, efficient motion tracking, and reliable immediate assessment of the therapeutic results. The aim of the present work is to set-up an integrated environment for simultaneously ultrasound and MR image acquisition, satisfying clinical standards, and to evaluate the feasibility of performing hybrid imaging. A study on healthy volunteers is presented here with simultaneous 4DMRI/dynamic 2D ultrasound.
Reconfigurable high-gain stub-loaded monopoles (2008)

This paper present two stub-loaded reconfigurable long-wire monopoles that have been successfully designed using a genetic algorithm to meet different performance objectives. One design provides tunable omnidirectional high-gain performance while the other design offers tunable omnidirectional to directional high-gain performance. The high gains for both designs are achieved by utilizing an electrically long wire monopole together with optimized stubs attached at strategic locations along its length. Moreover, the reconfigurable features for the designs are accomplished by placing a switch across one of the stubs in the monopole.
The Relative Influence of Atomization and Evaporation on Metered Dose Inhaler Drug Delivery Efficiency (2006)

Factors influencing the delivery efficiency from HFA-134a MDIs were examined theoretically and experimentally. The time required for evaporation of HFA-134a and ethanol droplets were theoretically calculated. HFA-134a droplets were shown to evaporate approximately seven times faster than ethanol droplets of the same size, even though HFA-134a droplets cool to approximately 78 degrees below ambient temperature during evaporation. MDI delivery efficiency was experimentally shown to decrease with increasing ethanol concentration, however, the corresponding decrease in vapor pressure was not the primary variable responsible for the decreased efficiency. Rather, this was shown to be primarily due to the increased time required for the droplets to evaporate as ethanol concentration increased. Droplets that evaporate slowly remain for a longer period in the size range that is more likely to deposit via turbulent deposition in the actuator mouthpiece or USP Inlet during cascade impaction tests. Tests with experimental MDIs using alternative cosolvents confirmed that MDI delivery efficiency is much more sensitive to the time required for evaporation of the droplets than on the formulation vapor pressure or the size of the atomized droplets. This indicates that factors affecting the evaporation of an MDI aerosol play a larger role in determining MDI delivery efficiency than do atomization effects.
Real-time single-exposure ROI-driven HDR adaptation based on focal-plane reconfiguration (2015)

This paper describes a prototype smart imager capable of adjusting the photo-integration time of multiple regions of interest concurrently, automatically and asynchronously with a single exposure period. The operation is supported by two intertwined photo-diodes at pixel level and two digital registers at the periphery of the pixel matrix. These registers divide the focal-plane into independent regions within which automatic concurrent adjustment of the integration time takes place. At pixel level, one of the photo-diodes senses the pixel value itself whereas the other, in collaboration with its counterparts in a particular ROI, senses the mean illumination of that ROI. Additional circuitry interconnecting both photo-diodes enables the asynchronous adjustment of the integration time for each ROI according to this sensed illumination. The sensor can be reconfigured on-the-fly according to the requirements of a vision algorithm.
Smart Agents in Industrial Cyber–Physical Systems (2016)

Future industrial systems can be realized using the cyber-physical systems (CPSs) that advocate the coexistence of cyber and physical counterparts in a network structure to perform the system's functions in a collaborative manner. Multiagent systems share common ground with CPSs and can empower them with a multitude of capabilities in their efforts to achieve complexity management, decentralization, intelligence, modularity, flexibility, robustness, adaptation, and responsiveness. This work surveys and analyzes the current state of the industrial application of agent technology in CPSs, and provides a vision on the way agents can effectively enable emerging CPS challenges.
<title>Substrate-guided wave optical true-time-delay feeding network for phased-array antenna steering</title> (2000)

An optical realization of the Blass matrix based on a substrate-guided wave true-time delay (TTD) module has been proposed and designed for a photonic phased-array antenna (PAA) system, which will operate from 18 to 26 GHz. It is the highest RF frequency range for system level that has been reported until now. A 3 X 8 triangular array lattice will be used and all the elements divided into 8 sub-arrays controlled optically by true-time delay signal. To avoid the squint error caused by the phase control within the subarray, we propose a new squint-free subarray steering technique, which is based on the operation of the true-time delay signals provided by our new optical TTD Blass matrix. The simulation result is given for the far-field radiation pattern of photonic PAA controlled by this technique and no squint is found. We also demonstrate an optical heterodyne system for photonic RF signals generation with conversion efficiency that approaches the theoretical limit.
Generic-case complexity, decision problems in group theory and random walks (2002)

We give a precise definition of ``generic-case complexity'' and show that for a very large class of finitely generated groups the classical decision problems of group theory - the word, conjugacy and membership problems - all have linear-time generic-case complexity. We prove such theorems by using the theory of random walks on regular graphs.
Forward-Secure Signatures with Untrusted Update. (2006)

In most forward-secure signature constructions, a program that updates a user&amp;apos;s private signing key must have full access to the private key. Unfortunately, these schemes are incompatible with several security architectures including Gnu Privacy Guard (GPG) and S/MIME, wherethe private key is encrypted under a user password as a &amp;quot;second factor&amp;quot; of security, in case the private key storage is corrupted, but the password is not. We introduce the concept of forward-secure signatures with untrusted update, where the key update can be performed on an encrypted version of the key. Forward secure signatures with untrusted update allow us to add forward security to signatures, while still keeping passwords as a second factor of security. We provide a construction that has performance characteristics comparable with the best existing forward-secure signatures. In addition, we describe how to modify the Bellare-Miner forward secure signature scheme to achieve untrusted update.