gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrooxazoles A–D, New 2,5-Disubstituted Oxazole-4-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives from the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Phoma macrostoma (2020)

In our ongoing search for new bioactive fungal metabolites, four previously undescribed oxazole carboxylic acid derivatives (<b>1</b>-<b>4</b>) for which we proposed the trivial names macrooxazoles A-D together with two known tetramic acids (<b>5</b>-<b>6</b>) were isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus <i>Phoma macrostoma</i>. Their structures were elucidated based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hitherto unclear structure of macrocidin Z (<b>6</b>) was also confirmed by its first total synthesis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacteria and fungi. Cytotoxic and anti-biofilm activities of the isolates are also reported herein. The new compound <b>3</b> exhibited weak-to-moderate antimicrobial activity as well as the known macrocidins <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>. Only the mixture of compounds <b>2</b> and <b>4</b> (ratio 1:2) showed weak cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 23 µg/mL. Moreover, the new compounds <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>, as well as the known compounds <b>5</b> and <b>6</b>, interfered with the biofilm formation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, inhibiting 65%, 75%, 79%, and 76% of biofilm at 250 µg/mL, respectively. Compounds <b>5</b> and <b>6</b> also exhibited moderate activity against <i>S. aureus</i> preformed biofilm with the highest inhibition percentage of 75% and 73% at 250 µg/mL, respectively.
Diesel Engines: One Option to Power Future Personal Transportation Vehicles (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the twenty-first century, exhaust emission control will remain a major technical challenge especially as additional pressures for fuel and energy conservation mount. To address these needs, a wide variety of engine and powertrain options must be considered. For many reasons, the piston engine will remain the predominant engine choice in the twenty-first century, especially for conventional and/or parallel hybrid drive trains. Emissions constraints favor the conventional port fuel-injected gasoline engine with 3-way exhaust catalyst, while energy conservation favors direct-injection gasoline and diesel engines. As a result of recent technological progress from a competitive European market, diesels, and most recently, direct-injection (DI) diesels now offer driveability and performance characteristics competitive with those of gasoline engines. In addition, DI diesels offer the highest fuel efficiency. However, DI diesels will be strongly challenged by the emissions standards expected in the 2004-2005 period (e.g., Tier 2/ULEV and EC Stage IV). The technologies under development to enable compliance with these standards include optimized combustion chambers, high-pressure fuel-injection with electronic rate-shape control, and highly optimized systems to maintain high levels of EGR dilution. Compliance with future exhaust emissions standards, however, will also require improvements in exhaust aftertreatment. Fuel reformulation and additives may also play a role in meeting exhaust emissions challenges.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Diffusion in Polymer Systems Studied by Magnetic Field‐Gradient Spin‐Echo NMR Method (2011)

Abstract Review: 176 refs.
"Sliced" Subwindow Search: a Sublinear-complexity Solution to the Maximum Rectangle Problem (2019)

Considering a 2D matrix of positive and negative numbers, how might one draw a rectangle within it whose contents sum higher than all other rectangles'? This fundamental problem, commonly known the maximum rectangle problem or subwindow search, spans many computational domains. Yet, the problem has not been solved without demanding computational resources at least linearly proportional to the size of the matrix. In this work, we present a new approach to the problem which achieves sublinear time and memory complexities by interpolating between a small amount of equidistant sections of the matrix. Applied to natural images, our solution outperforms the state-of-the-art by achieving an 11x increase in speed and memory efficiency at 99% comparative accuracy. In general, our solution outperforms existing solutions when matrices are sufficiently large and a marginal decrease in accuracy is acceptable, such as in many problems involving natural images. As such, it is well-suited for real-time application and in a variety of computationally hard instances of the maximum rectangle problem.
Combustion Approach for Downsizing: the IFP Concept (2006)

Individual transport is facing more and more constraints. In the past decade regulations and car manufacturers have focused above all on decreasing pollutant emissions. Even though it has always been a major part of research, fuel economy has now become the number one priority because of the CO2 greenhouse effect. In the long term, hybridisation presents the best potential but in the short term, downsizing will allow for a substantial reduction in gasoline engine fuel consumption. To obtain the full benefits from downsizing, IFP has developed a combustion concept based on high knock resistance and high low-end torque potential due to scavenging. This approach has initially been developed by combining gasoline direct injection (GDI) variable valve timing and twin-scroll technologies (for 4-cylinder engines). This technology is used to develop lambda one partly stratified combustion due to split injection. These stratified mixtures improve engine knock resistance but with conventional injection systems they induce severe drawbacks on pollutant emissions. IFP's answer to this problem has shown very high potential according to the 1.89 MPa at 1500 rpm reached by a 2 litre engine with compression ratio of 11.2. In the car industry, cost is one of the most restrictive criteria. IFP has taken this into account when proposing 2 concrete solutions to reduce the cost of turbocharged gasoline engines. The first step was to replace twin-scroll turbine housings by mono-scroll turbines. Then the challenge was to maintain scavenging on 4-cylinder engines. Results have shown that this approach seems to be a very good trade-off between cost and performance. The 1.8 litre engine performs either 2.4 MPa BMEP at 2000 rpm and 90 kW/l or 2.4 MPa BMEP at 1400 rpm and 83 kW/l. In the latter case, the engine has also been evaluated in full lambda one operation with maximum upstream turbine temperature of 1050°C. Even if limited by lambda one combustion, maximum power density reaches 73 kW/l with a very attractive 260 g/kWh specific fuel consumption. As the cost of small gasoline engines is critical, IFP has started to develop the scavenging process in the case of port fuel injection. Current results show that it is possible to avoid fuel by-pass with a specifically designed engine that points the way to very interesting prospects.
Theranostics: Leveraging Molecular Imaging and Therapy to Impact Patient Management and Secure the Future of Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Nuclear medicine is experiencing a renaissance, with U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval recently being obtained for theranostic agents and a wide variety of such agents soon to impact patient care significantly in the era of precision medicine. The NETTER-1 trial demonstrated the therapeutic effect of a theranostic agent in markedly improving progression-free survival in patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Predominantly retrospective studies have demonstrated a significant response to <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled agents targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in patients with prostate cancer. At least 2 prospective clinical trials involving <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA agents are under way that will likely pave the way for Food and Drug Administration approval in the United States. A significant upside to theranostics is that patients tend to tolerate these agents better than chemotherapy. Theranostic compounds are likely to impact many cancers in the near future, not only through improvements in quality of life but also in terms of survival. This article provides an overview of already approved agents as well as those on the horizon. It is important that as these agents are clinically onboarded, nuclear medicine physicians have the expertise to deploy theranostics safely and efficiently, ensuring that these agents attain and maintain their position as leading lines of therapy in managing patients with cancer as well as becoming an important aspect of nuclear medicine practice in the future.
High contrast MQW modulators grown by organometallic chemical vaper deposition (1990)

We report GaAs/AlGaAs MQW reflection modulators with on/off ratios exceeding 20 to 1, grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD). This is the first time such high contrast has been reported in an OMCVD grown structure. The contrast ratio is comparable to the best previously reported structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy.1
Conjugated polymers and blends for controlled emission, reflection, and absorption in the visible and near infrared (2005)

The synthesis, properties and applications of a number of conjugated polymers and multi-component materials which provide a range of optical states that can be accessed for electrochromic and electroluminescent devices will be addressed. Results will be presented examining absorption and emission characteristics in the visible and near - infrared regions of the spectrum. Variable gap conjugated electrochromic polymers show high oxidative switching stabilities ( related to high HOMO levels for facile oxidation to the doped state) and narrow gap polymers exhibit three distinct colors as they can be both p-and n-type doped. The complementary nature of the electrochromic behavior of these polymers is demonstrated using reflection and transmission devices constructed using sandwich and lateral geometries ,along with new methods of patterning electrodes. Mutli-component polymer and organic LEDs that exploit energy transfer among emitting chromophores distributed within the active matrix allow precise control of emission. We will discuss near-IR photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) from blends of polymers and non-conjugated thermoplastics with a variety of lanthanide complexes.
Dictyocaulus viviparus genome, variome and transcriptome elucidate lungworm biology and support future intervention (2016)

The bovine lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus (order Strongylida), is an important parasite of livestock that causes substantial economic and production losses worldwide. Here we report the draft genome, variome, and developmental transcriptome of D. viviparus. The genome (161 Mb) is smaller than those of related bursate nematodes and encodes fewer proteins (14,171 total). In the first genome-wide assessment of genomic variation in any parasitic nematode, we found a high degree of sequence variability in proteins predicted to be involved host-parasite interactions. Next, we used extensive RNA sequence data to track gene transcription across the life cycle of D. viviparus, and identified genes that might be important in nematode development and parasitism. Finally, we predicted genes that could be vital in host-parasite interactions, genes that could serve as drug targets, and putative RNAi effectors with a view to developing functional genomic tools. This extensive, well-curated dataset should provide a basis for developing new anthelmintics, vaccines, and improved diagnostic tests and serve as a platform for future investigations of drug resistance and epidemiology of the bovine lungworm and related nematodes.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Previous Lobectomy or Partial Lung Resection: Long-Term Results of an International Multicenter Study (2022)

Catheter ablation by radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation in patients with pulmonary stumps is feasible and safe. Long-term outcomes are favorable, and a similar efficacy of catheter ablation has been noticed in both males and females.
InP/InGaAsP 5-Gbit/s 1.5-µm OEIC transmitter grown by MO chemical vapor deposition (1988)

Optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) become advantageous compared with OE hybrid integration once the transmission rate exceeds 6.4 Gbit/s.1 In conventional OEICs, however, a laser diode (LD) is selectively grown by LPE in a deep groove to perform fine patterning of the electronic devices on the highest part of the substrate. Such a complicated process usually increases parasitics and limits the operating speed to 2-Gbit/s (RZ).2
Effectiveness of thyristor controlled series capacitor in enhancing power system dynamics: an analog simulator study (1994)

Simulator tests of a new type of series capacitor, controlled by thyristor switches, are described. The structure of the control system and the components of the real-time simulator used for the tests are presented. Test results show performance for switching transients, AC faults, power-swing damping events, and subsynchronous resonance conditions. The thyristor controlled series capacitor is part of an EPRI sponsored project connected with flexible AC transmission systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A cell type-selective apoptosis-inducing small molecule for the treatment of brain cancer (2019)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; grade IV astrocytoma) is the most prevalent and aggressive form of primary brain cancer. A subpopulation of multipotent cells termed GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor initiation, tumor maintenance, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence following surgery. Here we report the identification of a small molecule, termed RIPGBM, from a cell-based chemical screen that selectively induces apoptosis in multiple primary patient-derived GBM CSC cultures. The cell type-dependent selectivity of this compound appears to arise at least in part from redox-dependent formation of a proapoptotic derivative, termed cRIPGBM, in GBM CSCs. cRIPGBM induces caspase 1-dependent apoptosis by binding to receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) and acting as a molecular switch, which reduces the formation of a prosurvival RIPK2/TAK1 complex and increases the formation of a proapoptotic RIPK2/caspase 1 complex. In an orthotopic intracranial GBM CSC tumor xenograft mouse model, RIPGBM was found to significantly suppress tumor formation in vivo. Our chemical genetics-based approach has identified a drug candidate and a potential drug target that provide an approach to the development of treatments for this devastating disease.
A novel integron-like element carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaIMP (1995)

A plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase gene was cloned from a carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens strain, AK9373. The metallo-beta-lactamase gene was identical to the blaIMP, and it was located in the space between an integrase-like gene and an aac(6')-Ib-like gene. The deduced amino acid sequence for the putative integrase gene showed considerable identity (60.9%) to that of the Escherichia coli integrase reported. Sequences similar to the GTTRRRY and an atypical 59-base element containing a 67-bp inverted repeat sequence, which were peculiar to the integrase-dependent recombination, were also conserved in the flanking regions of the blaIMP gene. These findings imply that the metallo-beta-lactamase gene in S. marcescens AK9373 is carried by a novel integron-like element that is mediated by a transferable large plasmid.
ShadowCuts: Photometric Stereo with Shadows (2007)

We present an algorithm for performing Lambertian photometric stereo in the presence of shadows. The algorithm has three novel features. First, a fast graph cuts based method is used to estimate per pixel light source visibility. Second, it allows images to be acquired with multiple illuminants, and there can be fewer images than light sources. This leads to better surface coverage and improves the reconstruction accuracy by enhancing the signal to noise ratio and the condition number of the light source matrix. The ability to use fewer images than light sources means that the imaging effort grows sublinearly with the number of light sources. Finally, the recovered shadow maps are combined with shading information to perform constrained surface normal integration. This reduces the low frequency bias inherent to the normal integration process and ensures that the recovered surface is consistent with the shadowing configuration The algorithm works with as few as four light sources and four images. We report results for light source visibility detection and high quality surface reconstructions for synthetic and real datasets.
Optimizing Brain Health (2024)

Neuro-intelligent cultures provide brain-boosting benefits, acknowledge the humanity and dignity in each individual, and promote environments rich with cognitive power. Leaders in neuro-intelligent cultures make cognitive well-being a priority, reaping benefit at both the individual and institutional levels. Embracing the neuroscience of cognitive wellness is critical to protecting brain function and enhancing cognitive performance. You can make cognitive fitness a priority by engaging in exercise, sufficient sleep, and adequate time away from work. This will require subordinating other activities in favor of time spent recharging from the demands of work or school. Substituting beneficial brain habits for less healthy activities, such as cocktail hour or watching television, could provide the time needed to optimize cognitive performance. Neuroplasticity, the most promising of human features, allows every brain to become what is demanded of it.
Sequential adjuvant therapy: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. (1996)

Adjuvant chemotherapy has a real but modest impact on the disease-free and overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Recent attempts to improve its effectiveness have focused on dose intensity and new agents. Sequential therapy maximized dose intensity while limiting overlapping toxicity. Sequential therapy using doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (CMF) has been found superior in patients with high-risk resectable breast cancer. The novel chemotherapy agent paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is now known to be highly active in advanced breast cancer and appears to be clinically non-cross-resistant with doxorubicin. Therefore, this drug is being studied as a component of the next generation of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The most appropriate way to incorporate paclitaxel has not yet been defined, but its concurrent administration with other agents has, in some cases, been troublesome. Based on the demonstrated advantage of the sequential plan for doxorubicin and CMF, we conducted a series of pilot trials testing sequential high-dose therapy. Initially, we studied multiple cycles of doxorubicin followed by cyclophosphamide; we later added paclitaxel to this regimen. These phase II studies demonstrate the feasibility of sequential therapy with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide, and early disease-free survival results are promising. Cooperative group projects are under way or planned to further define the activity of these regimens.
Bounds on the conductivity of a random array of cylinders (1988)

Abstract We consider the problem of determining rigorous third-order and fourth-order bounds on the effective conductivity σe of a composite material composed of aligned, infinitely long, equisized, rigid, circular cylinders of conductivity σ2 randomly distributed throughout a matrix of conductivity σ1. Both bounds involve the microstructural parameter ξ2 which is an integral that depends upon S3, the three-point probability function of the composite (G. W. Milton, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 30, 177-191 (1982)). The key multidimensional integral ξ2 is greatly simplified by expanding the orientation-dependent terms of its integrand in Chebyshev polynomials and using the orthogonality properties of this basis set. The resulting simplified expression is computed for an equilibrium distribution of rigid cylinders at selected ϕ2 (cylinder volume fraction) values in the range 0 ≼ ϕ2 ≼ 0.65. The physical significance of the parameter ξ2 for general microstructures is briefly discussed. For a wide range of ϕ2 and α = σ2/σ1, the third-order bounds significantly improve upon second-order bounds which only incorporate volume fraction information; the fourth-order bounds, in turn, are always more restrictive than the third-order bounds. The fourth-order bounds on σe are found to be sharp enough to yield good estimates of σe for a wide range of ϕ2, even when the phase conductivities differ by as much as two orders of magnitude. When the cylinders are perfectly conducting (α = ∞), moreover, the fourth-order lower bound on σe provides an excellent estimate of this quantity for the entire volume-fraction range studied here, i. e. up to a volume fraction of 65%.
Computer-aided scoring of erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2) gene amplification status in breast cancer (2022)

Overall, our data show that the uPath HER2 DISH IA is non-inferior to manual scoring and supports its use as an aid for pathologists in routine diagnosis of breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transfer Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of 4‐Nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles. (2012)

Abstract The cyclopropanation of styryl isoxazoles (I) as cinnamate equivalents with bromomalonate (II) in the presence of a Cinchona alkaloid derived phase‐transfer catalyst affords highly substituted cyclopropanes (III) in high yields, complete diastereo‐ and high enantioselectivity.
A Pilot Study of Peripheral Blood BDCA-1 (CD1c) Positive Dendritic Cells Pulsed with NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX™ Adjuvant (2017)

This method was feasible and safe but was minimally immunogenic.
Analysis of a library of macaque nuclear mitochondrial sequences confirms macaque origin of divergent sequences from old oral polio vaccine samples (2002)

Nuclear mtDNA sequences (numts) are a widespread family of paralogs evolving as pseudogenes in chromosomal DNA [Zhang, D. E. & Hewitt, G. M. (1996) TREE 11, 247-251 and Bensasson, D., Zhang, D., Hartl, D. L. & Hewitt, G. M. (2001) TREE 16, 314-321]. When trying to identify the species origin of an unknown DNA sample by way of an mtDNA locus, PCR may amplify both mtDNA and numts. Indeed, occasionally numts dominate confounding attempts at species identification [Bensasson, D., Zhang, D. X. & Hewitt, G. M. (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 406-415; Wallace, D. C., et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 14900-14905]. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaque mtDNA haplotypes were identified in a study of oral polio vaccine samples dating from the late 1950s [Blancou, P., et al. (2001) Nature (London) 410, 1045-1046]. They were accompanied by a number of putative numts. To confirm that these putative numts were of macaque origin, a library of numts corresponding to a small segment of 12S rDNA locus has been made by using DNA from a Chinese rhesus macaque. A broad distribution was found with up to 30% sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the evolutionary trajectories of numts and bona fide mtDNA haplotypes do not overlap with the signal exception of the host species; mtDNA fragments are continually crossing over into the germ line. In the case of divergent mtDNA sequences from old oral polio vaccine samples [Blancou, P., et al. (2001) Nature (London) 410, 1045-1046], all were closely related to numts in the Chinese macaque library.