gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared interferometry for rough surface measurements: application to failure characterization and flaw detection (1997)

A real-time, full-field, noncontacting infrared Twyman-Green interferometer for performing deformation measurements has been developed. The choice of the wavelength offers the advantage of using the interferometer with structural components with little or no surface preparation. The limitation on the surface roughness/texture commonly encountered when using visible light is circumvented through a favorable roughness-to-wavelength ratio. Planar objects with a surface roughness up to ?a?1 ?m (or surfaces prepared using fixed abrasives with mean grit sizes up to 250?m) have been examined. Capability of the interferometer for quantifying deformations when dealing with rough surface measurements is demonstrated. Examples of defect detection as well as elastoplastic crack-tip-field mapping are provided.
Some aspects of the chemistry of alkyl and hydride derivatives of permethylscandocene (1984)

Abstract
Ischemia induces surface membrane dysfunction. Mechanism of altered Na+-dependent glucose transport. (1987)

Reversible ischemia reduced renal cortical brush border membrane (BBM) Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake (336 +/- 31 vs. 138 +/- 30 pmol/mg per 2 s, P less than 0.01) but had no effect on Na+-independent glucose or Na+-dependent L-alanine uptake. The effect on D-glucose uptake was present after only 15 min of ischemia and was due to a reduction in maximum velocity (1913 +/- 251 vs. 999 +/- 130 pmol/mg per 2 s; P less than 0.01). This reduction was not due to more rapid dissipation of the Na+ gradient, altered sidedness of the vesicles, or an alteration in membrane potential. Ischemia did, however, reduce the BBM sphingomyelin-to-phosphatidylcholine (SPH/PC) and cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios and the number of specific high-affinity Na+-dependent phlorizin binding sites (390 +/- 43 vs. 146 +/- 24 pmol/mg; P less than 0.01) without altering the binding dissociation constant (Kd). 20 mM benzyl alcohol also reduced the number of Na+-dependent phlorizin binding sites (418 +/- 65 vs. 117 +/- 46; P less than 0.01) without altering Kd. The reduction in Na+-dependent D-glucose transport correlated with ischemic-induced changes in the BBM SPH/PC and cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios and membrane fluidity. Taken together these data indicate the cellular site responsible for ischemic-induced reduction in renal cortical transcellular glucose transport is the BBM. We propose the mechanism involves marked alterations in BBM lipids leading to large increases in BBM fluidity which reduces the binding capacity of Na+-dependent glucose carriers. These data indicate that reversible ischemia has profound effects on the surface membrane function of epithelial cells.
Genetic effects influencing risk for major depressive disorder in China and Europe (2017)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, complex psychiatric disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite twin studies indicating its modest heritability (~30-40%), extensive heterogeneity and a complex genetic architecture have complicated efforts to detect associated genetic risk variants. We combined single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) summary statistics from the CONVERGE and PGC studies of MDD, representing 10 502 Chinese (5282 cases and 5220 controls) and 18 663 European (9447 cases and 9215 controls) subjects. We determined the fraction of SNPs displaying consistent directions of effect, assessed the significance of polygenic risk scores and estimated the genetic correlation of MDD across ancestries. Subsequent trans-ancestry meta-analyses combined SNP-level evidence of association. Sign tests and polygenic score profiling weakly support an overlap of SNP effects between East Asian and European populations. We estimated the trans-ancestry genetic correlation of lifetime MDD as 0.33; female-only and recurrent MDD yielded estimates of 0.40 and 0.41, respectively. Common variants downstream of GPHN achieved genome-wide significance by Bayesian trans-ancestry meta-analysis (rs9323497; log<sub>10</sub> Bayes Factor=8.08) but failed to replicate in an independent European sample (P=0.911). Gene-set enrichment analyses indicate enrichment of genes involved in neuronal development and axonal trafficking. We successfully demonstrate a partially shared polygenic basis of MDD in East Asian and European populations. Taken together, these findings support a complex etiology for MDD and possible population differences in predisposing genetic factors, with important implications for future genetic studies.
In Vitro Study and Biocompatibility of Calcined Mesoporous Silica Microparticles in Mouse Lung (2011)

We report on the pneumatocyte structure and function of mouse lung specimens exposed in vitro to two calcined mesoporous silica particles, MCM41-cal (spheres, ∼300 to 1000 nm in diameter) and SBA15-cal (irregular rods averaging ∼500 nm in diameter and ∼1000 nm in length). These mesoporous silica particles are in consideration for potential medical application as delivery vehicles for genes, drugs, and bio-imagers. In the study, lung specimens (about 10 mg each) were excised from male Balb/c mice, immediately immersed in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, ice-cold, and continuously gassed with O(2):CO(2) (95:5). The samples were incubated at 37°C in the same buffer with and without 200 μg/mL MCM41-cal or SBA15-cal for 5-14 h. The tissues were then rinsed thoroughly and processed for light and electron microscopy. Normal alveolar morphology was evident in all the studied specimens. There was no significant difference in the number of apoptotic cells between the treated and untreated samples. Despite their relatively large sizes, the particles were abundantly present in pneumocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and interstitium. They were seen in different areas of the cytoplasm, suggesting intracellular movements. Their presence did not appear to disturb cellular configuration or micro-organelles. Due to their rigidity and surface charges, some were firmly attached to (indenting) the nuclear membrane. The rate of respiration (cellular mitochondrial O(2) consumption, in μM O(2)/min/mg) in specimens exposed to 200 μg/mL particles for up to 12 h was the same as untreated specimens. These findings confirm "reasonable" bioavailability and biocompatibility of calcined mesoporous silicas with mouse lung within at least 5-14 h of exposure time.
L-arginine may mediate the therapeutic effects of low protein diets. (1995)

We have previously shown beneficial effects of dietary protein restriction on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) expression and glomerular matrix accumulation in experimental glomerulonephritis. We hypothesized that these effects result from restriction of dietary L-arginine intake. Arginine is a precursor for three pathways, the products of which are involved in tissue injury and repair: nitric oxide, an effector molecule in inflammatory and immunological tissue injury; polyamines, which are required for DNA synthesis and cell growth; and proline, which is required for collagen production. Rats were fed six isocaloric diets differing in L-arginine and/or total protein content, starting immediately after induction of glomerulonephritis by injection of an antibody reactive to glomerular mesangial cells. Mesangial cell lysis and monocyte/macrophage infiltration did not differ with diet. However, restriction of dietary L-arginine intake, even when total protein intake was normal, resulted in decreased proteinuria, decreased expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA and TGF-beta 1 protein, and decreased production and deposition of matrix components. L-Arginine, but not D-arginine, supplementation to low protein diets reversed these effects. These results implicate arginine as a key component in the beneficial effects of low protein diet.
Jumping Crystals of Pyrene Tweezers: Crystal‐to‐Crystal Transition Involving π/π‐to‐CH/π Assembly Mode Switching (2017)

Crystals of pyrene tweezers 1 with interdigitating pyrenyl blades jump vigorously at around 160 °C. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis before jumping revealed the presence of a "pyrene tetrad" in the crystal lattice, where four pyrenyl blades are π-stacked on top of each other. Upon heating the crystal to induce the jumping event, inner two pyrenyl blades in the "pyrene tetrad" probably rotate to switch off their π-stacking interaction with the neighboring outer pyrenyl blades and form new CH-π bonds. Different from reported salient crystals, our crystal jumps with the release of CHCl<sub>3</sub> as inclusion solvent.
Electrocorticographic activation patterns during electroencephalographic microstates (2022)

Abstract Introduction: Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates are successive short time periods of stable scalp field potentials that represent spontaneous activation of brain resting-state networks. EEG microstates are assumed to mediate local activity patterns. To assess this hypothesis, we correlated momentary EEG microstate dynamics with the temporo-spectral evolution of electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereotactic EEG(SEEG) depth electrode recordings. Methods We analyzed resting-state data (5 min) from two participants with simultaneous noninvasive scalp EEG and invasive ECoG, and SEEG recordings. Data were recorded during the presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant epilepsusing subdural and intracranial electrodes. After standard preprocessing, we fitted microstate template maps to the scalp EEG data. Using covariance mapping with EEG microstate timelines and ECoG/SEEG temporo-spectral evolutions as input, we identified systematic changes in the activation of ECoG/SEEG local field potentials in different frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and high gamma) depending on the presence of a particular microstate class. Results We found a significant covariation of ECoG/SEEG spectral amplitudes with microstate timelines in all four frequency bands (p = .001, permutation test). The covariance patterns of the ECoG/SEEG electrodes during different microstates were similar for the two observed participants. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate distinct activation/deactivation patterns of frequency-domain ECoG local field potentials associated with simultaneously present EEG microstates.
Field Evaluation of a New Plastic Film (Vapor Safe) to Reduce Fumigant Emissions and Improve Distribution in Soil (2011)

Preplant soil fumigation is an important pest management practice in coastal California strawberry production regions. Potential atmospheric emissions of fumigants from field treatment, however, have drawn intensive environmental and human health concerns; increasingly stringent regulations on fumigant use have spurred research on low-emission application techniques. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of a new low-permeability film, commonly known as totally impermeable film (TIF), on fumigant emissions and on fumigant distribution in soil. A 50/50 mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) was shank-applied at 314 kg ha in two location-separate field plots (0.4 ha each) in Ventura County, California, in fall 2009. One plot was surface-covered with standard polyethylene (PE) film, and the other was covered with TIF immediately after fumigant application. Data collection included emissions, soil-gas phase concentration profile, air concentration under the film, and soil residuals of the applied fumigants. Peak emission flux of 1,3-D and CP from the TIF field was substantially lower than from the PE field. Total through-film emission loss was 2% for 1,3-D and <1% for CP from the TIF field during a 6-d film covering period, compared with 43% for 1,3-D and 12% for CP from the PE field. However, on film-cutting, greater retention of 1,3-D in the TIF field resulted in a much higher emission surge compared with the PE field, while CP emissions were fairly low in both fields. Higher concentrations and a more uniform distribution in the soil profile for 1,3-D and CP were observed under the TIF compared with the PE film, suggesting that the TIF may allow growers to achieve satisfactory pest control with lower fumigant rates. The surging 1,3-D emissions after film-cutting could result in high exposure risks to workers and bystanders and must be addressed with additional mitigation measures.
Photovoltaic–Electrolyzer System Operated at >50 mA cm−2 by Combining Large‐Area Shingled Silicon Photovoltaic Module with High Surface Area Nickel Electrodes for Low‐Cost Green H2 Generation (2023)

Green hydrogen plays an important role in the energy transition as a renewable energy vector for long‐duration energy storage and as feedstock chemical for the industry. To reduce the price below 1.5 € kg −1 H 2 , competitive to production from fossil fuels, silicon photovoltaic (PV)‐powered efficient anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis is a promising combination. Practical implementation of such a photovoltaic–electrolyzer (PV–EC) technology requires standard area‐sized solar cells and electrolyzers operating at large current densities. Nonetheless, state‐of‐the‐art research often employs &lt;10 cm 2 PV devices and electrolyzers operated at &lt;10 mA cm −2 . Herein, a commercially relevant PV–EC system combining shingled standard silicon technology with efficient low‐cost AEM electrolysis using high‐surface‐area (26 m 2 cm −3 ) nickel nanomesh electrodes is presented. The produced H 2 , operating current, and voltage are in situ monitored over &gt;20 h yielding a stable solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency ( η STH ) of 10% at electrolyzer current densities ≈60 mA cm −2 and dynamic load testing up to 300 mA cm −2 results in stable performance. Based on the measured PV–EC system data, best practices to accurately determine the η STH for PV‐powered water‐splitting devices and the validation of this benchmark against important component parameters for practical implementation of this technology are discussed.
Accurate and Efficient Visual Search on Embedded Systems (2015)

Recent developments in embedded processors have enabled heterogeneous computing on mobile devices using open-access general-purpose computing languages. Following the MPEG CDVS standard, this paper presents an efficient feature computation phase, completely implemented on embedded devices supporting the OpenCL framework. Following our contribution to the MPEG-CDVS standard, we present the new born CDVS detector and its design for multi- core parallel GPUs. We show how to adjust algorithmic choices and implementation details to target the intrinsic characteristics of the embedded platforms selected. We compare our GPU implementation of the ALP keypoint detector with the CPU based implementation of the CDVS standard. We present data on different GPUs showing that our solution is up to 7x faster than the CPU version. To sum up, one of the main feature of our algorithm is to be fast enough to be able to open new visual search scenarios exploiting entire real-time on-board computations with no data transfer
Antiviral Activity of 2′-Deoxy-3′-Oxa-4′-Thiocytidine (BCH-10652) against Lamivudine-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice (2000)

Oral administration of 2'-deoxy-3'-oxa-4'-thiocytidine (BCH-10652), a nucleoside analog structurally similar to lamivudine (3TC), caused dose-dependent inhibition of viral replication in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 NL4-3 and with an NL4-3 clone containing the M184V mutation in reverse transcriptase that confers resistance to 3TC. These experiments demonstrate the utility of this mouse model for evaluating drug resistance and for performing direct comparisons between antiviral compounds in vivo.
Heterostructured Lepidocrocite Titanate-Carbon Nanosheets for Electrochemical Applications (2021)

Lepidocrocite-type titanates that reversibly intercalate sodium ions at low potentials (∼0.6 V vs Na/Na+) are promising anode candidates for sodium-ion batteries. However, large amounts of carbon additives are often used to improve their electrical conductivity and overcome poor cycling performance in the electrode composites. To ameliorate electronic transport issues of lepidocrocite titanate (K0.8Ti1.73Li0.27O4, KTL) in sodium-ion batteries, we have designed and synthesized heterostructures of exfoliated lepidocrocite-type titanium oxide (LTO) nanosheets with alternating carbon layers via a solution-based self-assembly approach. Positively charged dopamine (Dopa) was used as the carbon precursor and intercalated between negatively charged exfoliated titania nanosheets through electrostatic interaction. Dopa-intercalated LTO was then annealed under argon to form conductive carbon layers between titania sheets. The carbon content in the heterostructures was controlled by modifying the self-assembly conditions (i.e., pH, stirring duration, and Dopa-to-LTO ratio). Electrodes were prepared using carbonized heterostructures (LTO-C) without adding more carbon to the composites and tested in sodium half-cell configurations. Higher capacities and improved capacity retention over 250 cycles and lower impedance were observed, as the carbon content of LTO-C heterostructures was increased from 0% (LTO nanosheets) to 30%. These results indicate that the self-assembly approach for 2D heterostructured electrode materials is a promising strategy to overcome electronic transport limitations of layered transition-metal oxides and improve their electrochemical performance for next-generation energy storage applications.
Dopamine Modulation of Prefrontal Cortex Activity Is Manifold and Operates at Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales (2019)

Although the function of dopamine in subcortical structures is largely limited to reward and movement, dopamine neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical to a multitude of temporally and functionally diverse processes, such as attention, working memory, behavioral flexibility, action planning, and sustained motivational and affective states. How does dopamine influence computation of these temporally complex functions? We find causative links between sustained and burst patterns of phasic dopamine neuron activation and modulation of medial PFC neuronal activity at multiple spatiotemporal scales. These include a multidirectional and weak impact on individual neuron rate activity but a robust influence on coordinated ensemble activity, gamma oscillations, and gamma-theta coupling that persisted for minutes. In addition, PFC network responses to burst pattern of dopamine firing were selectively strengthened in behaviorally active states. This multiplex mode of modulation by dopamine input may enable PFC to compute and generate spatiotemporally diverse and specialized outputs.
Combined Supplementary Materials from Peritoneal Spread of Ovarian Cancer Harbors Therapeutic Vulnerabilities Regulated by FOXM1 and EGFR/ERBB2 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures, Legends to Supplementary materials,and Supplementary Tables&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective aza‐Baylis—Hillman Reactions of CF3‐Sulfinylimines: Straightforward Access to α‐Methylene β‐CF3 β‐Amino Acids. (2015)

Abstract The tert‐butanesulfinyl group acts as chiral auxiliary and is removed after the aza‐Baylis—Hillman reaction in the presence of HCl in dioxane.
5G Deployment Strategies for High Positioning Accuracy in Indoor Environments (2021)

Indoor positioning is currently recognized as one of the important features in emergency, commercial and industrial applications. The 5G network enhances mobility, flexibility, reliability, and security to new higher levels which greatly benefit the IoT and industrial applications. Industrial IoT (IIoT) use-cases are characterized by ambitious system requirements for positioning accuracy in many verticals. For example, on the factory floor, it is important to locate assets and moving objects such as forklifts. The deployment design for different IIoT environments has a significant impact on the positioning performance in terms of both accuracy and availability of the service. Indoor factory (InF) and indoor open office (IOO) are two available and standardized Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) scenarios for evaluation of indoor channel models and positioning performance in IIoT use cases. This paper aims to evaluate the positioning performance in terms of accuracy and availability while considering different deployment strategies. Our simulation-based evaluation shows that deployment plays a vital role when it comes to achieving high accuracy positioning performance. It is for example favorable to deploy the 5G Transmission and Reception Points (TRPs) on the walls of the factory halls than deploying them attached to the ceiling.
Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzopyrans from Phenols and a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds (2001)

The reaction between 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone and methyl vinyl ketone catalyzed by CaCl 2 /KOH in aqueous methanol yielded a 1,4adduct, which was cyclized to 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzopyran (4) by acidic treatment.Analogous reaction using α,β-unsaturated aldehydes afforded benzopyrans (4) or ( 5) in a one-pot reaction.This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of β-tubaic acid ( 6), an antimicrobial 2H-1benzopyran-6-carboxylic acid.2][3][4] Based on the findings that CaCl 2 / KOH can catalyze aldol-type reactions of some enolates in H 2 O / MeOH, 5-7 herein we report on the reaction between phenolic enolates and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones, mediated by the calcium reagent.We found that the reaction of 2,4-dihydroxybenzenecarbonyl compounds (1) and (2) with vinyl ketones in H 2 O / MeOH yielded the corresponding 1,4-adducts (3), and that the same reaction with α,βunsaturated aldehydes afforded benzopyrane (4) or (5) in a one-pot reaction (Scheme 1).This synthetic sequence was applied towards the formal synthesis of β-tubaic acid (6), an antimicrobial natural product
Targeted Endothelial Delivery of Nanosized Catalase Immunoconjugates Protects Lung Grafts Donated After Cardiac Death (2011)

Augmentation of the antioxidant capacity of graft pulmonary endothelial cells with anti-PECAM/catalase nanoparticles represents a straightforward approach to enable a safe transplantation of prolonged preserved donation after cardiac death lungs. Anti-PECAM/catalase protection alleviated oxidative stress and allowed immediate reconstitution of normal gas exchange and pulmonary microcirculation, a prerequisite for improved graft and patient outcome.