gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances of two-dimensional material additives in hybrid perovskite solar cells (2023)

Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the state-of-the-art photovoltaic technologies due to their facile solution-based fabrication processes combined with extremely high photovoltaic performance originating from excellent optoelectronic properties such as strong light absorption, high charge mobility, long free charge carrier diffusion length, and tunable direct bandgap. However, the poor intrinsic stability of hybrid perovskites under environmental stresses including light, heat, and moisture, which is often associated with high defect density in the perovskite, has limited the large-scale commercialization and deployment of PSCs. The use of process additives, which can be included in various subcomponent layers in the PSC, has been identified as one of the effective approaches that can address these issues and improve the photovoltaic performance. Among various additives that have been explored, two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged recently due to their unique structures and properties that can enhance the photovoltaic performance and device stability by improving perovskite crystallization, defect passivation, and charge transport. Here, we provide a review of the recent progresses in 2D material additives for improving the PSC performance based on key representative 2D material systems, including graphene and its derivatives, transitional metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorous, providing a useful guideline for further exploiting unique nanomaterial additives for more efficient and stable PSCs in the near future.
Color sensing and illumination with LED lamps (2014)

With the advent of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in lamps, new ways of user interaction with LED lamps are becoming possible. We present an LED lamp that can sense and pick up the color from an illuminating object. The principle of employing an LED as a wavelength-sensitive light sensor is employed in designing an RGB (red green blue) LED lamp. A design prototype of such an LED lamp is presented, along with an associated driver protocol, such that it can sense color and illuminate at the picked up color without perceivable flicker. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the dual function of the RGB lamp in color sensing and illumination at primary RGB colors.
A strengthening theory to prevent fatigue crack initiation in old metallic bridges (2016)

Closed-form analytical solutions were developed to determine the fatigue resistance of metallic members retrofitted by bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. Different fatigue failure criteria based on the constant life diagram (CLD) approach were introduced to predict the strengthening properties that would prevent fatigue cracks in metallic members. The CLD methodology is a method that uses the combined effect of alternating stress, mean stress and material properties to predict the material life-time under high-cycle fatigue. For a given maximum stress (σ max) and minimum stress (σ min) in a sample stress history, the stress amplitude (σ a) and the mean stress (σ m) can be demonstrated in a half-plane CLD and can be partitioned into three regions as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Stress regions of tension–tension (T-T) with 0 ˂ R ˂ 1, tension-compression (T-C) with R ˂ 0 and compression-compression (C-C) with R ˃ 1 (Ghafoori et al. 2015). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315207681/cd556cd4-4dcf-4efe-8e29-56fc67b8bfbd/content/fig112_1.tif"/> The level of the fatigue failure probability has also been schematically illustrated by different markers in Figure 1. The green triangle marker shows the safe zone, in which no cracks will form. The yellow square marker indicates the risky zone, where cracks may form with approximately a 50% probability. The red circular marker shows the unsafe region, where cracks will form with a probability of more than 50%. In this paper, the use of normal modulus (NM), high modulus (HM) and ultra-high modulus (UHM) CFRP laminates with different pre-stress levels was considered in the modeling. To validate the model, a series of fatigue experiments were performed in a four-point bending set-up, as shown in Figure 2, on four steel beams strengthened with bonded NM, HM and UHM CFRP laminates (Ghafoori and Motavalli 2015a, Ghafoori and Motavalli 2015b). The results have shown that there are two main mechanisms that can transition the detail from a risky finite-life regime to a safe infinite-life regime (Ghafoori et al. 2015). Although the major focus of the paper is on strengthening of steel beams, the method can be also applied for fatigue retrofitting of metallic plates. Figure 2 Fatigue test set-up (Ghafoori et al. 2015). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315207681/cd556cd4-4dcf-4efe-8e29-56fc67b8bfbd/content/fig112_2.jpg"/>
Feasibility study of the proton yield from the reaction D(3He,p)4He as a possible tool for radiotherapy treatment (2012)

Recent achievements in proton and carbon ions therapy have shown the importance of the hadron therapy methods. Aiming at radiotherapy applications such as dermatological and intra-operative procedures, where a short range treatment is needed, we have studied the use of nuclear reactions induced by low energy ions from small accelerators. A very suitable reaction is D(3He,p)4He, using 3He+ ions with energies of about 800 keV. The resulting protons have energies above 17 MeV and could deliver significant radiation dose depending on the accelerator 3He+ beam current and the irradiation time. The deuterium containing target was prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering of titanium in Ar and Ar+D2 radiofrequency plasma on a substrate of Silicon. The Ti-Dx stoichiometry and deuterium content was determined by Ion Beam Analysis. The accelerated 3He+ beam was provided by the 2.5MV Van de Graaff accelerator at the National Laboratories of Legnaro, INFN, Italy. Proton yield as a function of the beam current at different forward scattering angles has been studied for the energies of the incoming 3He+ in the 700keV – 800keV energy interval. The irradiated volume and the radiation dose in biological tissues as a function of the proton energy and proton yield has been estimated. Possible applications in small animal treatment studies as well as potential clinical radiotherapy applications are discussed.
Complexes of β-lactoglobulin and high methyl-esterified pectin as a one-shot delivery system for reinforcing oil/water interfaces (2021)

Electrostatic complexation of negatively charged polysaccharides with β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) has been shown to bolster the protein films at oil/water interfaces thereby improving emulsion stability. However, recent sub-phase exchange experiments demonstrated that highly charged polysaccharides such as low methyl-esterified pectin are complementary only if sequentially introduced to a pre-formed interfacial β-lg film. In this study, results of transient interfacial shear rheology show that, by using high-methylesterified pectins instead, complexes can be formed in pre-mixed solutions with β-lg at pH 4 that can lead to reinforced protein films at dodecane/water interfaces. Using this one-shot adsorption of such complexes, pectins as well as short chain polysaccharides like homogalacturonan nearly doubled the steady state shear elastic moduli as compared to that of a pure β-lg film. The lag times of film formation were established to be primarily decided by the charge density and pattern on the polysaccharide. Based on the results from mixed solutions of β-lg monomers, it is proposed that the polysaccharide at pH 4 strengthens the resulting interfacial layer by concatenating adsorbed β-lg molecules thereby establishing cross-links in the aqueous phase.
Domain configurations due to multiple misfit relaxation mechanisms in epitaxial ferroelectric thin films. III. Interfacial defects and domain misorientations (1995)

Interfacial defect theory is applied to the epitaxial ferroelectric system consisting of a tetragonal ferroelectric such as BaTiO3 or PbTiO3 grown onto a cubic (001) substrate. The interfacial defects that result from the diffusionless paraelectric to ferroelectric (PE→FE) phase transition are treated under the constraint that no misfit dislocations are generated during or as a result of the transition. The domain pattern develops to provide strain relief in the film. The interfacial defects for the ...c/a1/c/a1... domain pattern include coherency edge dislocations and coherency wedge disclinations. Interfacial defects for the ...a1/a2/a1/a2... domain pattern include coherency edge and screw dislocations. Far-field strain states for both domain patterns can be predicted from the interfacial defect content. From the twinning geometry, general expressions are derived for the far-field rotations of the crystal axes of individual domains for the ...a1/c/a1/c... and the ...a1/a2/a1/a2... domain pattern. The geometrically predicted rotation angles for ...c/a1/c/a1... domain pattern are verified by x-ray-diffraction and transmission electron diffraction for epitaxial PbTiO3 films grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrates.
Finite element modelling of squeezing effect in ultra precision diamond turning (2011)

The present work focuses on the squeezing effect, which is a commonly observed phenomenon during the surface generation in ultra precision diamond turning. Different from the conventional modelling of orthogonal and oblique cutting processes, an analytical model and a finite element model are proposed to investigate the squeezing effect along the radial direction of the surface profile. The simulation results reveal that the squeezing effect is more significant than other factors, such as lateral material swelling and recovery for the specific work material and tool geometry.
Mining Chains of Relations (2006)

Traditional data mining applications consider the problem of mining a single relation between two attributes. For example, in a scientific bibliography database, authors are related to papers, and we may be interested in discovering association rules between authors. However, in real life, we often have multiple attributes related though chains of relations. For example, authors write papers, and papers concern one or more topics. Mining such relational chains poses additional challenges. In this paper we consider the following problem: given a chain of two relations R/sub 1/ (A, P) and R/sub 2/(P, T) we want to find selectors for the objects in T such that the projected relation between A and P satisfies a specific property. The motivation for our approach is that a given property might not hold on the whole dataset, but it might hold when projecting the data on a selector set. We discuss various algorithms and we examine the conditions under which the a priori technique can be used. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Flow Characteristics Inside a Transpatent Flexible Left Ventricle With Anatomical and Antianatomical Valve Orientation (2001)

Abstract Mechanical heart valves (MHV) and the operation of heart valve replacement have evolved to a level of universal acceptance and yet, MHV implantation is not always the ideal solution. Apparently the flow through pivoted leaflets of MHVs induces a combination of flow characteristics, which are clearly conducive to clot formation and can initiate many other pathological conditions. Most in vitro studies of the flow downstream of a MHV have been conducted with the valve in the aortic position (i.e. Reul et al., 1986). Bluestein et al., (2000) used a numerical simulation and Digital Particle-Image Velocimetry (DPIV) to reveal intricate patterns of interacting shed vortices downstream of the aortic valve and demonstrated that blood elements exposed to the highest shear stresses in the immediate proximity of the MHV could be trapped within the vortices that form in the wake of the valve.
Speaker independent voiced-unvoiced detection evaluated in different speaking styles (2006)

We propose a new algorithm for voiced/unvoiced classification of speech on a phoneme or sample level. The algorithm is inspired by auditory based approaches and combines two cues. One cue is based on the energy distribution of the signal and the other on the harmonicity. In order to extract the harmonicity of the signal we calculate a histogram of the zero crossings of the filter channels after applying a Gammatone filterbank to the signal. A measure similar to the variance of the zero crossings yields the harmonicity cue. The performance of the algorithm was measured on several minutes of read and spontaneous speech with various speakers. An algorithm proposed by Mustafa et al. [1] served as benchmark. The results show that our algorithm performs significantly better as well on read as on spontaneous speech and seems in particular be better able to to cope with different speaking styles. Index Terms: speech analysis, voiced/unvoiced detection, speaking style, zero crossings.
Anaerobic degradation of oil hydrocarbons by sulfate-reducing and nitrate-reducing bacteria (1999)

Crude oil is a complex mixture mainly composed of various saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Whereas degradation of hydrocarbons by oxygen-respiring microorganisms has been known for nearly one century, utilization of hydrocarbons under anoxic conditions has been investigated only during the past ten years. The present paper summarizes investigations into the anaerobic degradability of crude oil as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Anaerobic growth on crude oil was observed in enrichment cultures and pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Several alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes were specifically consumed with concomitant reduction of sulfate to sulfide; consumed hydrocarbons together accounted for up to approximately 10% of the crude oil. Incompletely consumed alkylbenzenes exhibited an enrichment in 13 C versus 12 C. Sulfate-reduction with oil hydrocarbons may offer an explanation for ancient microbial processes in oil reservoirs where reduced sulfur species are present, and for the undesirable sulfide formation in oil production plants. Furthermore, an anaerobic consumption of alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes from crude oil in enrichment cultures and pure cultures of denitrifying bacteria could be demonstrated.
CD47 promotes T-cell lymphoma metastasis by up-regulating AKAP13-mediated RhoA activation (2021)

CD47, a 50 kDa transmembrane protein, facilitates integrin-mediated cell adhesion and inhibits cell engulfment by phagocytes. Since CD47 blocking promotes engulfment of cancer cells by macrophages, it is important to clarify the mechanism of CD47 signaling in order to develop treatments for diseases involving CD47-overexpressing cancer cells, including breast cancer and lymphoma. Here, we show that CD47 plays an essential role in T-cell lymphoma metastasis by up-regulating basal RhoA activity independent of its anti-phagocytic function. CD47 interacts with AKAP13, a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), and facilitates AKAP13-mediated RhoA activation. Our study shows that CD47 has a novel function on the AKAP13-RhoA axis and suggests that CD47-AKAP13 interaction would be a novel target for T-cell lymphoma treatment.
Biodegradability and tissue reaction of random copolymers of L‐leucine, L‐aspartic acid, and L‐aspartic acid esters (1977)

A series of copoly(alpha-amino acids) with varying percentages of hydrophilic (L-aspartic acid) and hydrophobic monomers (L-leucine, beta-methyl-L-aspartate, and beta-benzyl-L-aspartate) were implanted subcutaneously in rats and the macroscopic degradation behavior was studied. Three groups of materials (A,B,C) with different ranges of hydrophilicity were distinguished: A) hydrophobic materials showed no degradation after 12 weeks; B) more hydrophilic materials revealed a gradual reduction in size of the samples, but were still present after 12 weeks; and C) hydrophilic copolymers disappeared within 24 hr. The tissue reactions caused by the materials of group A resembled that of silicone rubber, whereas those of group B showed a more cellular reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Phosphoenolpyruvate from D‐(‐)‐3‐Phosphoglyceric Acid for Use in Regeneration of ATP. (1990)

Abstract The most convenient method for the in situ generation of ATP from ADP uses phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate kinase.
New 3D Display: Algorithms and real time architecture (2005)

electronic version (6 pp.)
Asymmetric Cu-Catalyzed 1,4-Dearomatization of Pyridines and Pyridazines without Preactivation of the Heterocycle or Nucleophile (2018)

We show that a chiral copper hydride (CuH) complex catalyzes C-C bond-forming dearomatization of pyridines and pyridazines at room temperature. The catalytic reaction operates directly on free heterocycles and generates the nucleophiles in situ, eliminating the need for stoichiometric preactivation of either reaction partner; further, it is one of very few methods available for the enantioselective 1,4-dearomatization of heteroarenes. Combining the dearomatization with facile derivatization steps enables one-pot syntheses of enantioenriched pyridines and piperidines.
A Randomized Comparison of Circular versus Single Point-By-Point Pulmonary Vein Isolation (2018)

Introduction: Point-by-point standard ablation using single-tip (conventional) catheter is the main current technique for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) but it can be challenging. A circular, multielectrode, mapping and ablation catheter (nMARQ) may provide faster PVI.
A second look at the usability of click-based graphical passwords (2007)

Click-based graphical passwords, which involve clicking a set of user-selected points, have been proposed as a usable alternative to text passwords. We conducted two user studies: an initial lab study to revisit these usability claims, explore for the first time the impact on usability of a wide-range of images, and gather information about the points selected by users; and a large-scale field study to examine how click-based graphical passwords work in practice. No such prior field studies have been reported in the literature. We found significant differences in the usability results of the two studies, providing empirical evidence that relying solely on lab studies for security interfaces can be problematic. We also present a first look at whether interference from having multiple graphical passwords affects usability and whether more memorable passwords are necessarily weaker in terms of security.
Solvent extraction of holmium and yttrium with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent extraction of holmium and yttrium with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acidKazuharu Yoshizuka, Yoshitsugu Sakamoto, Yoshinari Baba, Katsutoshi Inoue, and Fumiyuki NakashioCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 5, 1372–1378Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00005a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Development and application of relevance and reliability criteria for water treatment removal efficiencies of chemicals of emerging concern (2019)

With the growth in production and use of chemicals and the fact that many end up in the aquatic environment, there is an increasing need for advanced water treatment technologies that can remove chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) from water. The current lack of a homogenous approach for testing advanced water treatment technologies hampers the interpretation and evaluation of CEC removal efficiency data, and hinders informed decision making by stakeholders with regard to which treatment technology could satisfy their specific needs. Here a data evaluation framework is proposed to improve the use of current knowledge in the field of advanced water treatment technologies for drinking water and wastewater, consisting of a set of 9 relevance criteria and 51 reliability criteria. The two criteria sets underpin a thorough, unbiased and standardised method to select studies to evaluate and compare CEC removal efficiency of advanced water treatment technologies in a scientifically sound way. The relevance criteria set was applied to 244 papers on removal efficiency, of which only 20% fulfilled the criteria. The reliability criteria were applied to the remaining papers. In general these criteria were fulfilled with regards to information on the target compound, the water matrix and the treatment process conditions. However, there was a lack of information on data interpretation and statistics. In conclusion, a minority of the evaluated papers are suited for comparison across techniques, compounds and water matrixes. There is a clear need for more uniform reporting of water treatment studies for CEC removal. In the future this will benefit the selection of appropriate technologies.
Impedance Characterization of UHF RFID IC and Tag Performance (2015)

International audience
Coupled Magnetic Amplifiers in (1999)

A voltage and current analysis of magnetic amplifiers in switch mode power supply applications is presented, and results are compared with those predicted by the analysis. The application of coupled magnetic amplifiers to power supplies with coupled inductors in their auxiliary outputs is given. Favorable results are obtained when control of the magnetic amplifiers is taken from the aggregate auxiliary output voltages.
Rate Theory of Multicomponent Adsorption of Organic Species on Silicon Wafer Surface (2000)

For the first time, the time‐dependent change in the concentrations of organic species adsorbed on a silicon wafer surface is modeled using numerical calculations based on rate theory. An equation composed of the adsorption rate from the gas phase to the silicon wafer surface and the desorption rate from the silicon wafer surface is developed accounting for competitive processes in a multicomponent system. This equation can describe and predict the actual increase and decrease in the surface concentrations of propionic acid ester, siloxane (D9), and di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate. It is also indicated that the organic species having a large adsorption rate with a small desorption rate remains in significant abundance on the silicon wafer surface for a very long period after cleaning. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Ferromagnetic interactions in organic solids: An overview of theory and experiment (invited) (1988)

Recent progress in preparing organic solids with ferromagnetic interactions between spins is reviewed. The three principal models are discussed together with relevant materials that have been prepared in Japan, at Columbia University, in Moscow, and at IBM, Almaden. These are compared with the molecular ferromagnets recently developed by Miller and Epstein, which are not strictly organic.