gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual determination of suprathreshold color‐difference tolerances using probit analysis (1991)

Abstract As part of a research program to improve the relationship between visual and numerical color‐difference evaluation for industrial colorimetry, a color‐difference tolerance data set for fitting and testing of color‐difference metrics has been extended to include 156 individual color‐tolerance determinations. These tolerances were designed to sample 19 color centers over a surface color gamut with balanced sampling of lightness and chromaticness differences. The tolerance determination procedures emphasized accurate estimation of population visual color‐difference response and rigorous estimation of tolerance precision. Tolerance accuracy was confirmed by excellent agreement of these results and the majority of previous experiments on five color centers selected for CIE color‐difference evaluations. The average uncertainty of the tolerance determinations was ± 11% of the tolerance value at a 2 ó level (95% confidence interval). The completed data set is suitable for estimating the parameters of color‐difference metrics or testing the performance of such metrics. The color tolerances indicated the systematic lack of uniformity of the CIELAB space, in general agreement with previous experiments. A simple modification of the CIELAB color‐difference metric was shown to account for much of the systematic lack of uniformity.
ADAPTIVE OPTICS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL MICROSCOPY (2007)

Adaptive optics can be used to correct the aberrations that frequently affect the performance of high-resolution microscopes, particularly when imaging thick specimens. As the light propagates to and from the focus it passes through regions of the specimen with differing refractive indices, inducing aberrations into the optical wavefronts. These aberrations distort the focal spot causing a reduction in resolution and, often more importantly, reduced signal level and contrast. The techniques of adaptive optics have been used to measure and correct the aberrations, restoring image quality in a number of microscopes [1]. Conventional adaptive optics systems use a wavefront sensor to measure aberrations, which are in turn corrected using an adaptive element, such as a deformable mirror. However, in microscopes, as with many other imaging systems, direct wave front sensing is not straightforward and wave front sensor-less schemes are often employed. In these systems, the adaptive element is reconfigured in order to maximise a metric related to image quality. In this paper we discuss developments in direct and indirect wavefront sensing for adaptive microscopes. Indirect sensing involves minimal modification of the optical system, as it requires only the incorporation of a deformable mirror. For efficient operation, the mirror must be controlled using a carefully determined sequence of aberration modes. We outline a new robust method for obtaining the optimal modes that greatly improves the usability of this method by removing the need for a wavefront sensor or interferometer calibration step. This will facilitate the addition of adaptive optics to existing microscope systems, particularly when multiple objectives are used. Direct wavefront sensing could improve the speed at which adaptive microscopes operate. In laser scanning microscopes, an abundance of illumination light is scattered by the specimen back into the objective. Potentially, this light forms a useful source for wavefront sensor measurements. However, the dual pass nature of the detection system means that aberration measurements based upon back scattered light are ambiguous. We show that this phenomenon limits the usefulness of this sensing method in three-dimensional microscopy. We also investigate the measurement of field dependent aberrations. The light contributing to one point in an imaging field follows a different path through the specimen than that for another image point. Consequently, different aberration correction may be needed for different parts of an image. We show how sensing and correction methods can be adapted to deal with this situation.
WISION- Wireless Interface System for Interpretation of Ocular Symbols from People with Neuromuscular Diseases (2011)

This paper proposes the design of a system that enables the severely disabled to communicate using their EOG, EMG and EEG signals. The typical approach is to modify the end devices to interpret these signals and to function accordingly [2-5]. But our system proposes an Interpreter System within which these signals are decoded and interfaced with the existing devices. The advantage is that the end devices need not be changed to suit the user, because the logic required for interpretation is within the Interpreter System. Therefore it acts as an interface through which the user can control multiple devices at the same time. Acquisition systems can capture and process EOG, EMG and EEG signals and transmit them to the Interpreter System via the Bluetooth Low Energy module. A communication language using EOG works in combination with EEG and EMG to enable communication. This language will help the users to interface with multiple devices with a limited number of symbols.
Optical Fiber Vortices for STED Nanoscopy (2013)

We demonstrate the first proof of concept of a fiber-based STED nanoscopy illumination system. The fiber yields naturally co-aligned vortex (dark-spot size ~198nm) and Gaussian beams (size ~340nm), potentially enabling sub-30nm resolution imaging.
Resource Allocation in Multiuser OFDMA System: Feasibility and Optimization Study (2009)

This paper studies resource allocation problem in downlink multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. The problem is formulated as sum-rate (cell throughput) maximization problem with strict data rate constraints imposed by the users and peak power constraint by the base station. We discuss the feasibility of the problem and propose two algorithms when the feasibility conditions are met. In the first algorithm subcarrier and power allocation decisions are made by jointly considering all the constraints. In the second algorithm subcarrier allocation decisions are based on data rate constraints and transmit power constraint is achieved on the allocated subcarrier set. The second algorithm although sub-optimal has almost identical performance compared to the first algorithm. The reduction in complexity is huge compared to the first algorithm.
Boost converter with load dependent adaptive controller for improved transient response (2016)

Size and cost of a boost converter can be minimized by reducing the voltage overshoot and fastening the transient response in case of load transient. The presented technique improves the transient response of a current mode controlled boost converter, which usually suffers from bandwidth limitation because of its right-half-plane zero (RHPZ). The proposed technique comprises a load current estimation which works as part of a digital controller without any additional measurements. Based on the latest load estimation the controller parameters are adapted, achieving small voltage overshoot and fast transient response. The presented technique was implemented in a digital control circuit, consisting of an ASIC in a 110 nm-technology, a Xilinx Spartan-6 field programmable gate array (FPGA), and a TI-ADS8422 analog-to-digital-converter (ADC). Simulation and measurements of a 4V-to-6.3V, 500mA boost converter show an improvement of 50% in voltage overshoot and response time to load transient.
Implantable biomimetic electronics as a neural prosthesis for lost memory function (2005)

Dr. Berger will present results of a collaborative effort on the part of the University of Southern California, Wake Forest University, and the University of Kentucky to develop a nonlinear dynamic model of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. The model is implemented in very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuitry for use as a neural prosthetic to replace damaged or dysfunctional brain tissue. The hippocampus is a region of the brain responsible for the formation of long-term memories, and frequently is damaged as a result of epilepsy, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. The components of this multi-laboratory effort will be described, and include: (1) experimental study of neuron and neural network function - how does the hippocampus encode information?, (2) formulation of biologically realistic models of neural system dynamics - can that encoding process be described mathematically to predict how the hippocampus (or a region of the hippocampus) will respond to a particular event?, (3) microchip implementation of neural system models - can the mathematical model be realized as a set of electronic circuits to achieve rapid computational speed and miniaturization?, and (4) hybrid neuron-silicon interfaces - can electronic devices be "functionally connected" to neural tissue for bi-directional communication with the hippocampus?. By integrating solutions to these component problems, the team is realizing a microchip-based model of hippocampal nonlinear dynamics that can perform the same function as a removed, damaged hippocampal region. Through bi-directional communication with other neural tissue that normally provides the inputs and outputs to/from the damaged hippocampal area, the neural model can serve as a neural prosthesis. A proof-of-concept will be presented in which the CA3 region of the hippocampal slice is replaced by a microchip model of CA3 nonlinear dynamics. How the current work in brain slices is being extended to behaving animals also will be described
Randomized algorithms and pseudorandom numbers (1988)

Randomized algorithms are analyzed as if unlimited amounts of perfect randomness were available, while pseudorandom number generation is usually studied from the perspective of cryptographic security. Bach recently proposed studying the interaction between pseudorandom number generators and randomized algorithms. We follow Bach's lead; we assume that a (small) random seed is available to start up a simple pseudorandom number generator which is then used for the randomized algorithm. We study randomized algorithms for (1) sorting; (2) selection; and (3) oblivious routing in networks.
Motion-seeded object-based attention for dynamic visual imagery (2017)

This paper† describes a novel system that finds and segments “objects of interest” from dynamic imagery (video) that (1) processes each frame using an advanced motion algorithm that pulls out regions that exhibit anomalous motion, and (2) extracts the boundary of each object of interest using a biologically-inspired segmentation algorithm based on feature contours. The system uses a series of modular, parallel algorithms, which allows many complicated operations to be carried out by the system in a very short time, and can be used as a front-end to a larger system that includes object recognition and scene understanding modules. Using this method, we show 90% accuracy with fewer than 0.1 false positives per frame of video, which represents a significant improvement over detection using a baseline attention algorithm.
Self-assembling protein nanoparticles and virus like particles correctly display β-barrel from meningococcal factor H-binding protein through genetic fusion (2022)

Recombinant protein-based vaccines are a valid and safer alternative to traditional vaccines based on live-attenuated or killed pathogens. However, the immune response of subunit vaccines is generally lower compared to that elicited by traditional vaccines and usually requires the use of adjuvants. The use of self-assembling protein nanoparticles, as a platform for vaccine antigen presentation, is emerging as a promising approach to enhance the production of protective and functional antibodies. In this work we demonstrated the successful repetitive antigen display of the C-terminal β-barrel domain of factor H binding protein, derived from serogroup B Meningococcus on the surface of different self-assembling nanoparticles using genetic fusion. Six nanoparticle scaffolds were tested, including virus-like particles with different sizes, geometries, and physicochemical properties. Combining computational and structure-based rational design we were able generate antigen-fused scaffolds that closely aligned with three-dimensional structure predictions. The chimeric nanoparticles were produced as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and evaluated for solubility, stability, self-assembly, and antigen accessibility using a variety of biophysical methods. Several scaffolds were identified as being suitable for genetic fusion with the β-barrel from fHbp, including ferritin, a de novo designed aldolase from Thermotoga maritima, encapsulin, CP3 phage coat protein, and the Hepatitis B core antigen. In conclusion, a systematic screening of self-assembling nanoparticles has been applied for the repetitive surface display of a vaccine antigen. This work demonstrates the capacity of rational structure-based design to develop new chimeric nanoparticles and describes a strategy that can be utilized to discover new nanoparticle-based approaches in the search for vaccines against bacterial pathogens.
Endo-β-Mannanase Activity Present in Cell Wall Extracts of Lettuce Endosperm prior to Radicle Emergence (1997)

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) endosperm cell walls isolated prior to radicle emergence underwent autohydrolysis, the rate of which was correlated with whether radicle emergence would subsequently occur. Extraction of endosperm cell walls with 6 M LiCl suppressed autohydrolysis, and the desalted extract possessed activity that was capable of hydrolyzing purified locust bean galactomannan but not arabinogalactan, carboxymethylcellulose, glucomannan, polygalacturonic acid, tomato galactomannan, or native lettuce endosperm cell walls. Some hydrolytic activity was detected on endosperm cell walls if they were modified by partial trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis or pretreatment with guanidinium thiocyanate. In extended incubations the cell wall enzyme extract released only large molecular mass fragments from locust bean galactomannan, indicating primarily endo-activity. Galactomannan-hydrolyzing activity in the cell wall extract increased as a function of imbibition time and was greatest just prior to radicle emergence. Thermoinhibition (imbibition at 32[deg]C) or treatment with abscisic acid at a temperature optimal for germination (25[deg]C) suppressed both germination and endosperm cell wall mannanase activity, whereas alleviation of thermoinhibition with gibberellic acid was accompanied by significant enhancement of mannanase activity. We conclude that a cell wall-bound endo-[beta]-mannanase is expressed in lettuce endosperm prior to radicle emergence and is regulated by the same conditions that govern germination.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-19 Promotes Metastatic Behavior In Vitro and is Associated with Increased Mortality in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2014)

Taken together, these findings suggest that MMP19 is associated with the development and progression of NSCLC and may be a potential biomarker of disease severity and outcome.
Reply to “Analysis of NO and its metabolites by mass spectrometry. Comment on ‘Detection of nitric oxide in tissue samples by ESI-MS’” (2010)

Comment by Tsikas et al. (Analyst, 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c0an00411a) on the preliminary work by Shen and colleagues (Analyst, 2010, 135, 302) describing the use of ESI-MS/MS for the detection of methylpiperazinobenzenediamine, as a probe for NO in tissue samples, have been addressed in this communication. The article concludes that the points raised by Tsikas represent a logical progression to the research reported and indicate the way forward in realising appropriate analytical methodology.
Revisiting the Schrage Equation for Kinetically Limited Evaporation and Condensation (2022)

Abstract The Schrage equation is commonly used in thermofluid engineering to model high-rate liquid–vapor phase change of pure fluids. Although shortcomings of this simple model were pointed out decades ago and more rigorous models have emerged from the kinetic theory community, Schrage's equation continues to be widely used. In this paper, we quantify the accuracy of the Schrage equation for evaporation and condensation of monatomic and polyatomic fluids at the low to moderately high flux operating conditions relevant to thermofluid engineering applications. As a high-accuracy reference, we numerically solve a Bhatnagar, Gross, and Krook (BGK)-like a model equation for polyatomic vapors that have previously been shown to produce accurate solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation. We observe that the Schrage equation overpredicts heat/mass fluxes by ∼15% for fluids with accommodation coefficients close to unity. For fluids with smaller accommodation coefficients, such as water, the Schrage equation yields more accurate flux estimates. We find that the Mott-Smith-like moment methods developed for liquid–vapor phase change are much more accurate than the Schrage equation, achieving heat/mass flux estimates that deviate by less than 1% (evaporation) and 4% (condensation) from the reference solution. In light of these results, we recommend using the moment method equations instead of the Schrage equation. We also provide tables with our high-accuracy numerical data for evaporation of any fluid and condensation of saturated water vapor, engineering equations fit our data, and code for moment method calculations of evaporation and condensation.
Clinical management of pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (2017)

It has been suspected for almost a century that traumatic brain injury (TBI) can produce pituitary dysfunction, but only over the recent years/last decade have we completed prospective studies that document hypothalamic-pituitary axis damage occurs after TBI. An important aspect of TBI-induced hypopituitarism is the potential impact on brain recovery. For those who survive a TBI, the clinical manifestations vary depending on the type, site, and severity of the injury, including direct or indirect injury to the hypothalamus and pituitary. The probability of developing hypopituitarism has been based on the severity of the TBI,1,14 especially when associated with cranial fractures, cerebral damage, and a prolonged period of loss of consciousness (LOC). The most widely used clinical classification of TBI severity is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Other factors that define clinical severity of TBI include duration of LOC, posttraumatic amnesia, and intracranial lesion(s) on imaging studies. Endocrine evaluation should, therefore, be considered in spite of the absence of diabetes insipidus.
Abstract 16158: Comparative Effects of Bone Marrow Derived versus Umbilical Cord Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Experimental Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (2020)

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or chronic lung injury of newborn is a life-threatening condition in preterm infants with few effective therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a promising therapeutic strategy for BPD. The ideal MSC source for BPD prevention is however unknown. Umbilical cord tissue (UCT) MSC may potentially have more anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the UCT-MSC will have superior lung regenerative effect in BPD owing to superior anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties as compared to BM-MSC. Methods: Newborn rats (n=10-12/group) were randomly assigned to normoxia or hyperoxia (85% O 2 ) from postnatal day (P) 1 to 21 were given intra-tracheal (IT) BM or UCT-MSC (1 x 10 6 cells/50 μl), or placebo (PL) on P3. Results: Hyperoxia PL-treated pups had marked alveolar simplification, vascular rarefaction, remodeling and lung inflammation. Administration of both BM-MSC and UCT-MSC significantly improved alveolar structure, vascular density, pulmonary hypertension, vascular remodeling and lung inflammation. However, the improvement in alveolar structure and lung inflammation was more marked in hyperoxic pups who received UCT-MSC. In vitro studies demonstrated greater TSG-6 and IL-10 expression in UCT-MSC as compared to BM-MSC. Moreover, lung epithelial cells incubated with UCT-MSC conditioned media had greater wound healing following scratch injury. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that while both BM and UCT-MSC have lung regenerative effects, UCT-MSC have greater anti-inflammatory and alveolar protective effects in experimental BPD. These findings have significant implications for cellular therapy in BPD, as it suggests that UCT-MSC are a superior cellular source for preterm lung protection.
Optical Transfer Function Measurements for Technically Premixed Flames (2010)

This paper deals with a novel approach for measuring thermoacoustic transfer functions. These transfer functions are essential to predict the acoustic behavior of gas turbine combustion systems. Thermoacoustic prediction has become an essential step in the development process of low NOx combustion systems. The proposed method is particularly useful in harsh environments. It makes use of simultaneous measurement of the chemiluminescence of different species in order to obtain the heat release fluctuations via inverse method. Generally, the heat release fluctuation has two contributions: one due to equivalence ratio fluctuations, and the other due to modulations of mass flow of mixture entering the reaction zone. Because the chemiluminescence of one single species depends differently on the two contributions, it is not possible to quantitatively estimate the heat based on this information. Measurement of the transfer matrix based on a purely acoustic method provides quantitative results, independent of the nature of the interaction mechanism. However, this method is difficult to apply in industrial full-scale experiments. The method developed in this work uses the chemiluminescence time traces of several species. After calibration, an overdetermined inverse method is used to calculate the two heat release contributions from the time traces. The optical method proposed here has the advantage that it does not only provide quantitative heat release fluctuations but it also quantifies the underlying physical mechanisms that cause the heat release fluctuations: It shows what part of the heat release is caused by equivalence ratio fluctuations and what part by flame front dynamics. The method was tested on a full scale swirl-stabilized gas turbine burner. Comparison with a purely acoustic method validated the concept.
High Responsivity Si-Ge Waveguide Avalanche Photodiodes Enhanced by Loop Reflector (2021)

We present a loop reflector-assisted silicon-germanium waveguide avalanche photodiode with improved responsivity. Compared to the same APD without the reflector, it has 1.49 times higher responsivity, ~ 1.12 A/W, without compromising the speed performance. It exhibits a 3 dB-bandwidth of ~ 25 GHz, a build-up time limited gain-bandwidth product of ~ 296 GHz, a highest gain-bandwidth product of ~ 497 GHz. Clear eye diagrams are measured at both 32 Gbps NRZ and 64 Gbps PAM4 modulation, and a 1 ~ 2 dB better sensitivity up to -15.7 dBm with 32 Gbps NRZ at a BER of 2.4 ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> .