gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
En insats för fred - En fallstudie av fredsbevarande insatser i Demokratiska Republiken Kongo (2010)

Demokratiska Republiken Kongo är ett land med en synnerligen blodig historia med upprepade övergrepp, krig och interna etniska motsättningar. Det senaste kriget där både interna och externa aktörer stred är formellt avslutat sedan 2003 men väpnade konflikter pågår fortfarande i delar av landet. Över fem miljoner människor beräknas hittills ha omkommit och miljontals lever som internflyktingar. Både FN och EU har genomfört militära fredsuppdrag i landet och vårt syfte är att undersöka hur dessa organisationers skiljer sig åt gällande mål och medel för fredsbevarande insatser. Jämförelsen struktureras utifrån fem teoretiska idealtyper av fredsbevarande insatser. Genom material från offentliga dokument kompletterat med vetenskapliga artiklar fann vi att de fredsbevarande insatserna hade påtagliga skillnader i militära resurser sett till det geografiska område mandatet täckte. Insatserna avvek också markant gällande tidsomfång, våldsanvändning och mandatförändring.
Tradeoffs in the Realization of Electrically Pumped Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (2011)

The design and realization of substrate emitting 980-nm electrically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (EP-VECSELs) is reported. A method to characterize the detuning of the cavity and spontaneous emission of the epitaxial material is described, and an experimental study of the effect of substrate doping on the operating characteristics of devices is presented. A reduction in optical loss and enhanced current-gain characteristics with a reduction in substrate doping from 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> to 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> is demonstrated. Spatial carrier distributions, evidenced by near-field profiling of devices without external feedback indicate similar current spreading behavior for the two-substrate dopings. Devices with diameter greater than 70 μm and current spreading layer thickness of 100 μm are shown to suffer from nonuniform carrier injection into the active region. Power scaling properties of the devices are investigated in both pulsed and CW operation. We realize devices with CW powers of 133 mW at 981 nm from a 150 μm device with 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> substrate doping at 0 °C, which is limited by nonoptimal cavity-gain peak detuning.
Data Supplement from SAR650984, A Novel Humanized CD38-Targeting Antibody, Demonstrates Potent Antitumor Activity in Models of Multiple Myeloma and Other CD38<sup>+</sup> Hematologic Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. SAR650984 binding and activity on normal human blood cells&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of Conventional, Modified Single Seed Descent, and Doubled Haploid Breeding Methods for Maize Inbred Line Development Using Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Breeding Crosses (2011)

ABSTRACT Breeding crosses from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project between exotic accessions and elite Corn Belt Dent inbreds provide a unique opportunity for broadening the genetic base of the U.S. maize ( Zea mays L.) crop by incorporating favorable exotic alleles in elite genetic backgrounds. Genetic gains in the GEM program could be enhanced by identifying more efficient breeding procedures for this purpose. We compared four breeding methods, conventional Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (CG), conventional mass (CM), modified single seed descent (MSSD), and doubled haploid (DH) methods, for their relative capacity to produce superior maize inbred lines and hybrids from three GEM breeding crosses: (ANTIG01 × N16) × DE4, (AR16035 × S02) × S09, and (DKXL212 × S09) × S43b. Testcross evaluations of 50 selected lines from each combination of cross and breeding method were conducted across multiple environments, generally revealing no differences among breeding methods. The MSSD and CM methods had higher proportions of the top 10 lines for grain yield and yield:moisture ratio in the second year testcross reevaluations of about the top 28% of lines. Hybrids from MSSD lines tended to have higher grain moisture, but MSSD hybrids with high yield:moisture ratio could still be identified. The MSSD method may be an effective and efficient alternative to both pedigree and DH methods for developing high performing lines from the GEM breeding crosses as it requires relatively fewer resources.
Introduction to the Blackfin Processor (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Blackfin Processor: An Architecture for Embedded Media Processing Software Tools for the Blackfin Processor Introduction to the FIR Filter-Based Graphic Equalizer Design of Graphic Equalizer Using Blackfin Simulator Implementation of Graphic Equalizer Using BF533/BF537 EZ-KIT Implementation of Graphic Equalizer Using LabVIEW Embedded Module for Blackfin Processors More Exercise Problems
Walking With a Weighted Pelvic Belt or With an Equivalent Pure Downward Force on the Pelvis: Are These Different? (2018)

In a previous study, a tethered pelvic-assist device (TPAD) was used to successfully retrain crouch gait in children with cerebral palsy by applying a downward force on the pelvis while walking on a treadmill. While the results of this study were promising, an important issue was to translate this training to the children in a more practical manner. This motivated the question in this letter whether a different intervention could result in similar improvements in the gait as seen with the TPAD. This is the motivation for this study, which compares the biomechanical differences in walking under the following two conditions. 1) The TPAD applies a pure downward force on the pelvis using tethers. 2) A weighted pelvic belt is used to apply the same downward force on the pelvis. In this case, the weight belt also increases the mass at the pelvis. A total of ten healthy subjects performed two separate experiments while walking on an instrumented treadmill. The whole-body kinematics were recorded using a motion-capture system, and the ground reaction forces were measured by the force plates embedded in the treadmill. We found no significant differences in the kinematic gait parameters of healthy subjects when the downward force, equivalent to 15% body weight, applied by the TPAD was replaced by a weighted pelvic belt having 15% body weight. However, the activation of the gastrocnemius muscle and the estimated maximum ankle torque, predicted by an inverted pendulum mathematical model, during the single support phase of walking, showed a higher increase with the weight belt when compared to a pure downward force. Thus, the weight belt, because of its simplicity, must be further considered as a more convenient candidate to translate the results of TPAD in children with cerebral palsy who suffer from crouch gait.
Basins of Attraction of a Nonlinear Nanomechanical Resonator (2007)

We present an experiment that systematically probes the basins of attraction of two fixed points of a nonlinear nanomechanical resonator and maps them out with high resolution. We observe a separatrix which progressively alters shape for varying drive strength and changes the relative areas of the two basins of attraction. The observed separatrix is blurred due to ambient fluctuations, including residual noise in the drive system, which cause uncertainty in the preparation of an initial state close to the separatrix. We find a good agreement between the experimentally mapped and theoretically calculated basins of attraction.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNA Alterations of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 69K&lt;/p&gt;
CloudFence: Enabling Users to Audit the Use of their Cloud-Resident Data (2012)

One of the primary concerns of users of cloud-based services and applications is the risk of unauthorized access to their private information. For the common setting in which the infrastructure provider and the online service provider are different, end users have to trust their data to both parties, although they interact solely with the service provider. This paper presents CloudFence, a framework that allows users to independently audit the treatment of their private data by third-party online services, through the intervention of the cloud provider that hosts these services. CloudFence is based on a fine-grained data flow tracking platform exposed by the cloud provider to both developers of cloud-based applications, as well as their users. Besides data auditing for end users, CloudFence allows service providers to confine the use of sensitive data in well-defined domains using data tracking at arbitrary granularity, offering additional protection against inadvertent leaks and unauthorized access. The results of our experimental evaluation with real-world applications, including an e-store platform and a cloud-based backup service, demonstrate that CloudFence requires just a few changes to existing application code, while it can detect and prevent a wide range of security breaches, ranging from data leakage attacks using SQL injection, to personal data disclosure due to missing or erroneously implemented access control checks.
Reductive Cleavage of Symmetrical Disulfides with Hydrazines (1988)

Abstract An efficient method for the reductive cleavage of symmetrical disulfides with hydrazines is described.
Probing differences in gene essentiality between the human and animal adapted lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using TnSeq (2021)

Abstract Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) show distinct host adaptations, preferences and phenotypes despite being &gt;99% identical at the nucleic acid level. Previous studies have explored gene expression changes between the members, however few studies have probed differences in gene essentiality. To better understand the functional impacts of the nucleic acid differences between Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis we used the Mycomar T7 phagemid delivery system to generate whole genome transposon libraries in laboratory strains of both species and compared the essentiality status of genes during growth under identical in vitro conditions. Libraries contained insertions in 54% of possible TA sites in M. bovis and 40% of those present in M. tuberculosis , achieving similar saturation levels to those previously reported for the MTBC. The distributions of essentiality across the functional categories were similar in both species. 527 genes were found to be essential in M. bovis whereas 477 genes were essential in M. tuberculosis and 370 essential genes were common in both species. CRISPRi was successfully utilised in both species to determine the impacts of silencing genes including wag31 , a gene involved in peptidoglycan synthesis and Rv2182c / Mb2204c , a gene involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism. We observed species specific differences in the response to gene silencing, with the inhibition of expression of Mb2204c in M. bovis showing significantly less growth impact than silencing its ortholog ( Rv2182c ) in M. tuberculosis . Given that glycerophospholipid metabolism is a validated pathway for antimicrobials, our observations suggest that target vulnerability in the animal adapted lineages cannot be assumed to be the same as the human counterpart. This is of relevance for zoonotic tuberculosis as it implies that the development of antimicrobials targeting the human adapted lineage might not necessarily be effective against the animal adapted lineage. The generation of a transposon library and the first reported utilisation of CRISPRi in M. bovis will enable the use of these tools to further probe the genetic basis of survival under disease relevant conditions.
Race-Specific Elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum Induce Changes in Cell Morphology and the Synthesis of Ethylene and Salicylic Acid in Tomato Plants Carrying the Corresponding Cf Disease Resistance Gene (1996)

Defense responses mediated by the genetically unlinked Cf-9 and Cf-2 genes were compared with those involving no Cf gene (Cf0). Compatible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)-Cladosporium fulvum intercellular washing fluids were injected into tomato cotyledons, and the kinetics of responses was monitored under conditions of 70 and 98% relative humidity. The latter conditions suppressed the normal macroscopic responses. For the Cf-9-Avr9 interaction, stomatal opening was induced within 3 to 4 h and after 9 h mesophyll cell death commenced. A burst of ethylene production occurred between 9 and 12.5 h and remained elevated. Free salicylic acid levels increased after 12 h, peaked at 24 h, and thereafter declined. For the Cf-2-Avr2 interaction, stomata became plugged after 8 h, and salicylic acid and ethylene levels increased by 12 and 18 h, respectively, and thereafter declined. Host cell death commenced around vascular tissue by 24 h. Cell death in both incompatible interactions was frequently preceded by cell enlargement. For Cf0-injected plants, no significant responses were detected. High humidity delayed and reduced the Cf-Avr-gene-dependent cell death and ethylene synthesis, whereas induced salicylic acid levels were unaffected for Cf-2-Avr2 and reduced in magnitude only for Cf-9-Avr9.
Hairy Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanoparticles Facilitate Heterogeneous Photoredox Catalysis with Solvent-Specific Dispersibility (2022)

Substrate accessibility is a key limiting factor for the efficiency of heterogeneous photoredox catalysis. Recently, a high photoactive surface area of conjugated microporous polymer nanoparticles (CMP NPs) has made them promising candidates for overcoming the mass transfer limitation to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency. However, this potential has not been realized due to limited dispersibility of CMP NPs in many solvents, particularly in water. Here, we report a polymer grafting strategy that furnishes versatile hairy CMP NPs with enhanced solvent-specific dispersibility. The method associates hundreds of solvent-miscible repeating units with one chain end of the photocatalyst surface, allowing minimal modification to the CMP network that preserves its photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the enhanced dispersibility of hairy CMP NPs in organic solvents or aqueous solutions affords high efficiency in various photocatalytic organic transformations.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers (2023)

On behalf of all handling editors we wish to acknowledge the individuals who have completed reviews for the journal from January 2022 until February 28, 2023. The thoughtful comments and insights are essential for scientific publishing, highly appreciated, and imperative for excellence in the field of neurogenetics. We are also grateful for your cooperation in returning reviews in a timely manner. Please find the guidelines for reviewing articles on the Neurology® Genetics website at [ng.neurology.org/][1]. This page provides information on expectations of reviewers regarding confidentiality, timeliness, and reviewer conflicts of interest; it also provides instructions for formatting the comments to editors and authors to enable the most effective communication with authors. [1]: https://ng.neurology.org/
Lightfield displays: a window into the metaverse (2022)

Headset-based AR/VR offers an immersive dive into these new digital worlds, but to many it still feels cumbersome and unfamiliar. As a result, mass adoption is still relatively slow. Lightfield displays offer a naturally immersive, “window-like” 3D look into the Metaverse while leaving users’ faces unencumbered. They can be readily deployed on familiar terminals, from smartphones / tablets to laptops or automotive displays. Better still, this method ensures compatibility with much of the existing digital content ecosystem, hence democratizing access to the Metaverse and potentially accelerating its deployment. In this talk, I will review our efforts at Leia to commercialize Lightfield-based mobile devices and our take on how to steadily ramp consumer adoption of the Metaverse.
Identification of cell context-dependent YAP-associated proteins reveals β1 and β4 integrin mediate YAP translocation independently of cell spreading (2019)

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional regulator and mechanotransducer, relaying extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness into proliferative gene expression in 2D culture. Previous studies show that YAP activation is dependent on F-actin stress fiber mediated nuclear pore opening, however the protein mediators of YAP translocation remain unclear. Here, we show that YAP co-localizes with F-actin during activating conditions, such as sparse plating and culturing on stiff 2D substrates. To identify proteins mediating YAP translocation, we performed co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (co-IP/MS) for proteins that differentially associated with YAP under activating conditions. Interestingly, YAP preferentially associates with β<sub>1</sub> integrin under activating conditions, and β<sub>4</sub> integrin under inactivating conditions. In activating conditions, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) of β<sub>1</sub> integrin (ΔITGB1) resulted in decreased cell area, which correlated with decreased YAP nuclear localization. ΔITGB1 did not significantly affect the slope of the correlation between YAP nuclear localization with area, but did decrease overall nuclear YAP independently of cell spreading. In contrast, β<sub>4</sub> integrin KO (ΔITGB4) cells showed no change in cell area and similarly decreased nuclear YAP. These results reveal proteins that differentially associate with YAP during activation, which may aid in regulating YAP nuclear translocation.
Residue-Level Prediction of HIV-1 Antibody Epitopes Based on Neutralization of Diverse Viral Strains (2013)

Delineation of antibody epitopes at the residue level is key to understanding antigen resistance mutations, designing epitope-specific probes for antibody isolation, and developing epitope-based vaccines. Ideally, epitope residues are determined in the context of the atomic-level structure of the antibody-antigen complex, though structure determination may in many cases be impractical. Here we describe an efficient computational method to predict antibody-specific HIV-1 envelope (Env) epitopes at the residue level, based on neutralization panels of diverse viral strains. The method primarily utilizes neutralization potency data over a set of diverse viral strains representing the antigen, and enhanced accuracy could be achieved by incorporating information from the unbound structure of the antigen. The method was evaluated on 19 HIV-1 Env antibodies with neutralization panels comprising 181 diverse viral strains and with available antibody-antigen complex structures. Prediction accuracy was shown to improve significantly over random selection, with an average of greater-than-8-fold enrichment of true positives at the 0.05 false-positive rate level. The method was used to prospectively predict epitope residues for two HIV-1 antibodies, 8ANC131 and 8ANC195, for which we experimentally validated the predictions. The method is inherently applicable to antigens that exhibit sequence diversity, and its accuracy was found to correlate inversely with sequence conservation of the epitope. Together the results show how knowledge inherent to a neutralization panel and unbound antigen structure can be utilized for residue-level prediction of antibody epitopes.
Optical signal processing using coherent optical frequency combs (2018)

Optical signal processing using coherent optical frequency combs could have various potential applications for optical communications. In the beginning, an approach to achieve a tunable optical high-order QAM generation based on multichannel aggregation is discussed. Then, an all-optical pilot-tone based self-homodyne-detection scheme is demonstrated under two scenarios: (i) multiple WDM channels with sufficient power of pilot tones, and (ii) a single channel with a low-power pilot tone. Finally, a fragmented bandwidth allocation enabled by reconfigurable channel slicing and stitching is presented, in which a single optical channel could be redistributed into fragmented frequency slots and ultimately recovered at the receiver side.
ChemInform Abstract: General Procedure for Acylation of 3° Alcohols: Scandium Triflate/DMAP Reagent. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Single-mode-fiber evanescent polarizer/amplitude modulator using liquid crystals (1986)

An in-line polarizer has been demonstrated that uses the birefringent properties of a nematic liquid crystal placed in the evanescent field of a single-mode fiber. A polarization-extinction ratio of 45 dB was measured with an insertion loss of 1.1 dB. Amplitude modulation was also demonstrated by using an external electric field to reorient the liquid-crystal molecules.
Borophenes, boron layer allotropes and methods of preparation (2023)

A boron allotrope comprising an elemental boron layer comprising a boron atomic thickness dimension and a method for preparation thereof.
Black to Transmissive Electrochromic Polymers (2011)

Black to transmissive electro­chromic polymers are prepared via reproducible random polymerization of substituted 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole moieties. The resulting donor-acceptor polymers absorb uniformly across the visible spectrum (400-700 nm), therefore showing a black color in the neutral state. Upon oxidation, the absorption shifts into the infrared region and the polymers ­become transmissive. Spray-cast polymer thin films exhibit high transmission contrast, short ­response time, and long-term stability.
Photophysics of Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes Of Current Interest; a Closer Look on Relaxation Dynamics (2009)

The excited-state dynamics of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes have been investigated using femto-nanosecond time-resolved luminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. Two prototypical examples illustrated here are iridium(III) bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C(2')] quinaldinate (1) and iridium(III) bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C(2')][2-(6-methylbenzoxazol-2-yl)phenolate] (2). Upon photoexcitation at, for example, 400 nm, the emission decay, monitored at the region of phosphorescence, for both 1 and 2 consists of a system response limited rise (<300 ps) and a single exponential decay. Further single wavelength as well as full spectrum of femto-picosecond transient absorption acquired in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature reveals an ultrafast S(1) --> T(n) intersystem crossing (<1 ps) and a rapid T(n) --> T(1) internal conversion/vibrational relaxation within a time period of <10 ps. The results lead us to conclude that following Franck-Condon excitation, the time scale required to populate the lowest triplet state should be <10 ps.