gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of Liposome Surface Properties by Synthetic Gl Ycolipids (2018)

Liposomes have been proposed as carriers to introduce biologically active agents into cells, and their various applications have been extensively reviewed, One approach to improve liposomes as a drug-delivery system is to increase their specific distribution in target tissues and organs. Only very large liposomes are removed by the lungs; positively charged liposomes are retained in the lungs better than negatively charged ones while the spleen and bone marrow have preferences for negative liposomes. Many attempts have been made in vitro targeting of liposomes with varying degrees of success. The stability of liposomes in vivo and in vitro is affected by the amount of Choi incorporated in liposomes. The tissue distribution of liposomes in rats was found to vary with different glycolipids; however, no clear and useful direction of liposomes to target organs and tissues was observed. In addition to natural glycolipids and glycoproteins, small-molecular-weight synthetic glycolipids are effective for the introduction of saccharide determinants onto the surface of liposomes.
Tissue specificity drives protective immunity against Staphylococcus aureus infection (2022)

Infections caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> range from mild to severe and frequently recur. Emerging evidence suggests that the site and severity of infection drive the potency of elicited immune responses and susceptibility to recurrent infection. In this study, we used tractable mouse models of <i>S. aureus</i> skin infection (SSTI) and pneumonia to determine the relative magnitude of elicited protective immunity. Surprisingly, despite both SSTI and pneumonia eliciting antibody and local effector T cell responses, only SSTI elicited protective antibody and memory T cell responses and subsequent protection against secondary SSTI and pneumonia. The failure of pneumonia to elicit protective immunity was attributed to an inability of <i>S. aureus</i> pneumonia to elicit toxin-specific antibodies that confer protection during secondary infection and was associated with a failure to expand antigen-specific memory T cells. Taken together, these findings emphasize the importance of understanding protective immunity in the context of the tissue-specificity.
Fast hopping carrier generation for 14-band multi-band OFDM UWB in digital CMOS (2010)

A 14-band frequency synthesizer for MB-OFDM UWB using an inductor-less design methodology is presented. It is capable of frequency switching across the entire UWB band in approximately 2 nS, and the phase noise is less than -114 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. Implemented in a 0.13 ¿m CMOS technology, the synthesizer dissipates 135 mW from a 1.2 V supply, and occupies only 1.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area.
Crucial Roles of Interleukin-7 in the Development of T Follicular Helper Cells and in the Induction of Humoral Immunity (2014)

Here, we demonstrate for the first time that codelivery of Fc-fused IL-7 significantly increased influenza virus vaccine-induced antibody responses, accompanied by robust expansion of Tfh cells and GC B cells as well as enhanced GC formation. Furthermore, IL-7-mFc induced earlier and cross-reactive IgG responses, leading to striking protection against heterologous influenza virus challenge. These results suggest that Fc-fused IL-7 could be used for inducing strong and cross-protective humoral immunity against highly mutable viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, as well as influenza viruses.
Space-time scheduling for green data center networks (2016)

This paper puts forward a systematic approach to designing energy-aware traffic-efficient geographical load balancing schemes for data-center networks that are not only optimal, but also computationally efficient and amenable to distributed implementation. Under a stochastic optimization approach, we rely on decomposition techniques and develop a two-timescale algorithm that optimizes jointly workload and power balancing schemes across the network. Both delay-tolerant and interactive workloads are accommodated, and novel smart-grid features are incorporated to cope with renewables and energy storage units.
Where does the money come from? [President's Message] (2009)

The first thing to understand about the IEEE Industry Applications Society's (IAS's) finances is that the Society does not have any money. IAS has no bank account and no checkbook. IEEE has the money. With the exception of conferences, the IEEE receives and spends all the money that we show as the Society's income and expenses. The IEEE has set up an accounting system that credits IAS accounts with certain categories of income and debits IAS accounts for certain categories of expenses. On those occasions when the IEEE says that our share of an expense is a certain amount, the IEEE simply removes that amount from one of the IAS accounts. We can argue, but the money disappears anyway.
Life time extension method for simultaneous emission driving AMOLED displays (2012)

A life time extension method for simultaneous emission driving active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays is proposed. The proposed driving method extends emission time by driving even and odd row lines separately. The extended emission time reduces organic light emitting diode (OLED) degradation because the current density of the OLED decreases as emission time increases. The proposed driving method increases the emission time by 50% compared with the conventional simultaneous emission driving method. Measurement results show the proposed driving method increases the OLED life time by 70.07% when the target luminance of the OLED is 300 cd/m2 and the life time is assumed that the time until the OLED luminance becomes 75% of the initial luminance. The proposed pixel structure using the even-odd separation driving scheme compensates the electrical characteristic variation of the polycrystalline-silicon thin film transistors and the maximum luminance error of pixel to pixel is 0.26% in a 3.8-inch AMOLED panel.
Multipulse sequences for residual signal modeling (2011)

In source-filter models of speech production, the residual signal - what remains after passing the speech signal through the inverse filter - contains important information for the generation of naturally sounding re-synthesized speech. Typically, the voiced regions of residual signals are regarded as a mixture of glottal pulse and noise. This paper introduces a novel approach to represent the noise component of voiced regions of residual signals through autoregressive filtering of multipulse sequences. The positions and amplitudes of the non-zero samples of these multipulse signals are optimized through a closed-loop procedure. The method in question is applied to excitation modeling in statistical parametric synthesis. Experimental results indicate that the use of multipulse-based noise component construction eliminates the necessity of run-time ad hoc procedures such as high-pass filtering and time modulation, common on excitation models for statistical parametric synthesizers, with no loss of synthesized speech quality. Copyright © 2011 ISCA.
Mapping the Relationship Between the CDIO Syllabus and the CEAB Graduate Attributes (2012)

The recently introduced Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB) requirements for Graduate Attributes require demonstrated learning outcomes for the first time. The Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate (CDIO) approach includes a set of outcomes in the form of the CDIO Syllabus. The Syllabus also provides guidance on how to document outcomes in order to meet the requirements of the CEAB Graduate Attributes. This article provides a framework for Canadian engineering programs to satisfy the CEAB requirement to demonstrate learning outcomes through a mapping of the CDIO Syllabus topics to the CEAB Attributes, and verification of the completeness of that list. An engineering program can meet all of the CEAB Graduate Attribute requirements by addressing a subset of the CDIO syllabus; however, a CEAB accredited program may not meet all of the CDIO standards.
Using a Single RGB Frame for Real Time 3D Hand Pose Estimation in the Wild (2018)

We present a method for the real-time estimation of the full 3D pose of one or more human hands using a single commodity RGB camera. Recent work in the area has displayed impressive progress using RGBD input. However, since the introduction of RGBD sensors, there has been little progress for the case of monocular color input. We capitalize on the latest advancements of deep learning, combining them with the power of generative hand pose estimation techniques to achieve real-time monocular 3D hand pose estimation in unrestricted scenarios. More specifically, given an RGB image and the relevant camera calibration information, we employ a state-of-the-art detector to localize hands. Given a crop of a hand in the image, we run the pretrained network of OpenPose for hands to estimate the 2D location of hand joints. Finally, non-linear least-squares minimization fits a 3D model of the hand to the estimated 2D joint positions, recovering the 3D hand pose. Extensive experimental results provide comparison to the state of the art as well as qualitative assessment of the method in the wild.
Experimental Evaluation of Wavelength-Dependence of Thin-Film LiNbO3 Modulator with an Extinction-Ratio-Tunable Structure (2019)

We investigate the operation of a thin-film lithium niobite modulator with specific focus on the wavelength dependence. For a precise evaluation of the modulation distortion, we used an extinction-ratio-tunable-type modulator.
The mitochondrial protease HtrA2 restricts the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes (2018)

Activation of the inflammasome pathway is crucial for effective intracellular host defense. The mitochondrial network plays an important role in inflammasome regulation but the mechanisms linking mitochondrial homeostasis to attenuation of inflammasome activation are not fully understood. Here, we report that the Parkinson's disease-associated mitochondrial serine protease HtrA2 restricts the activation of ASC-dependent NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, in a protease activity-dependent manner. Consistently, disruption of the protease activity of HtrA2 results in exacerbated NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome responses in macrophages ex vivo and systemically in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that the HtrA2 protease activity regulates autophagy and controls the magnitude and duration of inflammasome signaling by preventing prolonged accumulation of the inflammasome adaptor ASC. Our findings identify HtrA2 as a non-redundant mitochondrial quality control effector that keeps NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in check.
Effects of ionic concentrations on propagation speed in myocardium (2002)

The authors used their recently developed membrane model to calculate the dependence of propagation speed on shifts in the membrane's current-voltage (I-V) relation caused by changes in the ionic environment. These shifts can be linked analytically to changes in the concentrations of cations such as Ca/sup ++/ and H/sup +/. The authors calculated the propagation speed using the reaction-diffusion equation for the membrane potential and obtained a value of 55 cm/s for myocardium at standard ionic concentrations. This value varied between 12 cm/s and 85 cm/s for shifts between +46 mV and -14 mV, respectively.
Optical performance monitoring in phase-modulated transmission systems (2009)

Techniques of optical performance monitoring in optical phase-modulated transmission systems are presented. The monitoring requirements are listed and, through comparison of recently developed approaches, it is shown that the sampling-based monitoring offers the highest functionality.
High-Power Fully-Integrated Frequency Comb Generation (2022)

We generate an integrated high-power Kerr frequency comb in a silicon-nitride resonator via self-injection locking of a high-power multimode gain chip. We generate 27 comb lines with total power exceeding 0.1 W.
Marshallian Vs. Walrasian Stability in an Experimental Market (1992)

The experiments discussed below are an attempt to examine concepts of&#13;\nstability as found in economic textbooks. Two concepts of stability, which stem&#13;\nfrom two different concepts of market adjustment, seem to have dominated&#13;\nthinking. Whilst these two concepts are typically called Walras stability and&#13;\nMarshall stability, some controversy exists over the extent to which these two&#13;\nmodels represent their respective thinking. No doubt the current formal&#13;\nstatements of the theories reflect an evolution of the ideas through the work of&#13;\nmany theorists. The terminology is retained for convenience. Regardless of&#13;\ntheir origins, these two concepts lead to competing hypotheses about the&#13;\nconditions under which market instability will be observed so the subject is a&#13;\nnatural one for experimental investigation. Furthermore, since this is the first&#13;\nexperimental examination of the stability of equilibria, the strategy is to inquire&#13;\nabout stability in the context of these two classical models and to avoid the&#13;\ntemptation to attempt to extend them or integrate them with more modern&#13;\ntheory. The old models have not been checked. They seem to be an appropriate&#13;\nplace to start.
Precise Measurement of the Transition Curvature in Magnetic Recording (2011)

Using spin-stand, the bit transition curvature is underestimated due to the insufficient spatial resolution along the cross-track direction. The approximation of the transition curvature of the magnetic recording can be improved by integrating multiple 2-D scans available to a spin-stand system or a drag tester. Each 2-D magnetic image is scanned with different skew angles of the read head. The sufficient integration is then achieved by maximizing the magnitude of the frequency images in the Fourier domain associated with the scanned images in their spatial domain. The best spatial resolution in different directions due to different skew angles is consequently conserved and further combined into a restored image. 2-D scans with skew angles which match the angle of the transition curve generate the best approximation of the curvature by applying this integration technique.
Applicability of Compounded Mesh Method to Three-dimensional Interface Problems : 1st. Report, Formulation and Application to Interface Edge Problems (2002)

This paper purports to study the possibility of compounded mesh pattern for evaluating the singularities in three-dimensional dissimilar materials. Because of the plural singularities in those materials, it is generally not easy to make a mesh pattern that can correspond to all of the singularities. To solve this problem, it is tried to use a compounded mesh pattern of two different mesh patterns. One is for one singularity and the other for the other singularity. The displacements for each mesh pattern are superposed. The formulation corresponding to finite element method is given based on the principle of virtual work and the applicability of the method is studied through numerical examples of interface edge problems.
Bonding and deep RIE: a powerful combination for high-aspect-ratio sensors and actuators (2005)

In this paper we present the very promising results for two methods of the so-called Bonding and Deep RIE (BDRIE) technology, characterised by bonding of two wafers with pre-patterned vertical gaps and subsequent RIE trench etching of the active layer. In case of the anodically bonded silicon-glass compound detection electrodes for vertical movement are integrated. The silicon layer contains the movable structure as well as drive and detection electrodes for lateral movement. It is advantageous that finally the mechanical active elements consist of single crystalline silicon without any additional layers. The BDRIE approach allows a great variation of parameters. The active layer thickness can be defined due to application issues. Our examples show active layers thickness ranging from 30 up to 200 &mu;m, patterned by dry etching steps with maximum aspect ratio between 20:1 and 30:1. Structures with trench width variations of more than 50 (widest/smallest trench) have been fabricated successfully. Methods and results of preventing notching and backside etching of the active layer are presented as well. The size of the vertical gap can be as small as 1.5 &mu;m for a very sensitive detection or several tens or hundreds of microns in order to reduce damping and parasitic capacitance. Holes for release in the movable structure are not necessary and will therefore not restrict the design. However, restrictions are given by the minimum size of bond area and the relation between layer thickness, free standing area above the groove and bond pressure, which are discussed within the paper. Applications of BDRIE are inertial sensors like gyroscopes, step-by-step switchgears as well as micro mirrors.
Flash vacuum pyrolysis of stabilised phosphorus ylides. Part 12.1 Extrusion of Ph3P from sulfonyl ylides and reactivity of the resulting sulfonyl carbenes (1998)

Twelve sulfonyl stabilised phosphorus ylides have been prepared and their behaviour upon flash vacuum pyrolysis at 600 °C has been examined. Examples with an arylsulfonyl substituent undergo loss of Ph3PO to give intractable products but those with an arylmethylsulfonyl substituent separately lose Ph3P and SO2 to give products consistent with the intermediacy of sulfonyl carbenes. X-Ray structure determinations of one ylide from each series show a more significant P–O non-bonding interaction in the first case, providing some explanation for the different thermal reactivity.
Viral and Atypical Bacterial Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under 5 Years Old Living in a Rural Tropical Area of Madagascar (2012)

This study describes for the first time the etiology of respiratory infections in febrile children under 5 years in a malaria rural area of Madagascar and highlights the role of respiratory viruses in a well clinically defined population of ARIs.
Memories of Bob Sim—Genius Complementologist and Cheerful Travel Companion (2021)

Shortly before his 70th birthday, Robert B [...].
Fluorophobic Interaction (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (2009)

The kinetic Monte Carlo technique was employed to simulate an entire solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) during operation to gain insight into the electrode kinetics and rate-limiting steps in the intermediate temperature range. By combining the quantum simulation studies of oxide ion migration in the fuel cell electrolyte with the experimental studies of the cathode and anode reaction rates, a complete SOFC can be modeled. To study the effect of triple phase boundaries and the size of the catalyst, simulations were performed for different sizes of Pt clusters on the electrolyte surface. The results confirm that the charge-transfer reaction rates depend on the catalyst size. The fuel cell with smaller catalyst particles produces higher power density as expected. The reaction rates of each process were recorded as a function of time. The overpotentials were subsequently determined as a function of catalyst size. The results show that oxygen adsorption is the slowest step on the cathode, while water formation is the slowest step on the anode. The methodology can be used to optimize the catalyst size on both electrodes to reduce the activation loss in intermediate temperature SOFCs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Synthesis of Per‐O‐acetylfuranoses: Optimization and Rationalization. (2012)

Abstract A simple method to prepare per‐O‐acetylfuranoses from aldoses is reported.
Classification and Secondary Metabolite-Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Marine Streptomyces Strains Including a Lobophorin- and Divergolide-Producer (2023)

Two Streptomyces strains, named N11-26 and DC10-5, were isolated from deep-sea and non-photosynthetic stony coral, respectively. Strain N11-26 produces lobophorin C and divergolides, which are antimicrobial substances. This study aimed to classify these strains and reveal their cryptic potential to synthesize other secondary metabolites, such as polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. Strains N11-26 and DC10-5 showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 100% and 99.9% to Streptomyces olivaceus NRRL B-3009T, respectively. By digital DNA–DNA hybridization using whole-genome sequences, these strains were classified as Streptomyces olivaceus. Strain N11-26 was closer to the type strain of S. olivaceus than strain DC10-5 and possessed 17 clusters of polyketide synthase (PKS) and/or nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) genes, whereas strain DC10-5 harbored 19 clusters. Putative products by these gene clusters were predicted by bioinformatic analyses. Although 15 clusters were conserved between the two strains, two and four clusters were specific in strains N11-26 and DC10-5, respectively. This represents a diversity of potential polyketide and nonribosomal peptide compounds between strains of S. olivaceus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report annotating all the PKS and NRPS gene clusters in S. olivaceus strains with their putative products to provide useful information for genome mining.
Effect of extraction methods with different matrix for gelatin recovery and properties: a review (2017)

Gelatin is one of the most versatile and unique hydrocolloid ingredient widely used in food industries, serving multiple functions in food system such as emulsifier, foaming agent, encapsulating agent, colloid stabilizer and film-forming ability among others. These advantages led to the continuous exploration of new source of gelatin as well as optimization of the extracting conditions of gelatin. Major commercial production of gelatin are from the skin and bones of porcine and bovine (mammalian gelatin) and the rest are from non-mammalian sources such as fish, which are still far behind the porcine and bovine in terms of production. Poultry derived gelatin is growing in importance as new potential mammalian gelatin source. The current article entails an overview of recent research in extraction of gelatin from different matrixs using alkaline, acid, enzymatic aided extraction and these selected methods affect the functional properties of the extracted gelatin. Various enzymes used to improve the physicochemical properties such as bloom strength, thermal properties, solubility and pH stability of gelatin of gelatin are also discussed.
On the hydrodynamic approach to coherent nuclear spin transport in solids (2004)

We develop a linear response formalism for nuclear spin diffusion in a dipolar coupled solid. The theory applies to the high-temperature, long-wavelength regime studied in the recent experiments of Boutis et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 137201 (2004)], which provided direct measurement of interspin energy diffusion in such a system. A systematic expansion of Kubo's formula in the flip-flop term of the Hamiltonian is used to calculate the diffusion coefficients. We show that this approach is equivalent to the method of Lowe and Gade [Phys. Rev. 156, 817 (1967)] and Kaplan [Phys. Rev. B 2, 4578 (1970)], but has several calculational and conceptual advantages. Although the lowest orders in this expansion agree with the experimental results for magnetization diffusion, this is not the case for energy diffusion. Possible reasons for this disparity are suggested.