gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in cervical cells: correlation with grade of dysplasia and human papillomavirus infection (2000)

In this study, the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level was assessed in human cervical cells by an immunoperoxidase method and was related to the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and precancerous lesions. After optimizing the immunohistochemical method of detecting oxidative DNA damage in whole cells, we have used this technique to estimate the oxidative damage in cervical cells collected during a routine PAP test. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data from human samples showed significant differences in the 8-OHdG content among normal, low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL, HGSIL and LGSIL, respectively; P < 0.001). In the comparison of the three groups, statistically significant differences were detected between normal SIL and HGSIL (P < 0.001) and between LGSIL and HGSIL (P = 0.003), whereas no statistically significant difference was found between normal SIL and LGSIL (P = 0.1). Grouping observations by HPV status, no significant difference was detected in 8-OHdG levels between HPV(+) and HPV(-) subjects (P = 0.8). The polytomous and proportional odds models, extensions of the logistic regression analysis, showed that the effect of 8-OHdG levels in rising the risk of dysplasia was roughly constant through SIL grades. In conclusion, the immunoperoxidase method, applied to single human cervical cells, provides clear evidence that significant differences exist in 8-OHdG content between normal and dysplastic cells and that oxidative DNA damage might play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis.
The quinic acid derivative KZ-41 prevents glucose-induced caspase-3 activation in retinal endothelial cells through an IGF-1 receptor dependent mechanism (2017)

Retinal microaneurysms, an early disease manifestation of diabetic retinopathy, are associated with retinal endothelial cell (REC) death and macular edema. We previously demonstrated that a quinic acid (QA) analog, KZ-41, promoted REC survival by blunting stress-induced p38 MAPK activation. Herein, we sought to expand our understanding of the pro-survival signal transduction pathways actuated by KZ-41. Using human RECs exposed to high glucose (25 mM, 72 hours), we demonstrated that KZ-41 blocks caspase-3 activation by triggering phosphorylation of the PI3K regulatory subunit (p85; Tyr458) and its downstream target Akt (Ser473). Akt signal transduction was accompanied by autophosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase, insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). IGF-1R knockdown using either the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1024 or silencing RNA abolished KZ-41's pro-survival effect. Under high glucose stress, caspase-3 activation correlated with elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreased insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) levels. KZ-41 decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reversed the glucose-dependent reduction in IRS-1. To gain insight into the mechanistic basis for IGF-1R activation by KZ-41, we used molecular modeling and docking simulations to explore a possible protein:ligand interaction between the IGF-1R kinase domain and KZ-41. Computational investigations suggest two possible KZ-41 binding sites within the kinase domain: a region with high homology to the insulin receptor contains one potential allosteric binding site, and another potential site on the other side of the kinase domain, near the hinge domain. These data, together with previous proof-of-concept efficacy studies demonstrating KZ-41 mitigates pathologic retinal neovascularization in the murine oxygen-induced retinopathy model, suggests that QA derivatives may offer therapeutic benefit in ischemic retinopathies.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Towards a personalized approach to aromatase inhibitor therapy: a digital microfluidic platform for rapid analysis of estradiol in core-needle-biopsies”’ by P. E. Lønning, Lab Chip, 2017, 17, DOI: 10.1039/C7LC00617A (2017)

This article provides our response to a comment on our article that appeared in Lab on a Chip (S. Abdulwahab, A. H. C. Ng, M. D. Chamberlain, H. Ahmado, L.-A. Behan, H. Gomaa, R. F. Casper and A. R. Wheeler, Lab Chip, 2017, 17, 1594).
The first example of photochemical reduction of nitrite into nitrogen monoxide by a dinuclear Ru(ii)–Cu(ii) complex and photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer reaction between Ru(ii) and Cu(ii) moieties (2009)

The photochemical reduction of nitrite to NO by the dinuclear Ru(II)-Cu(II) complex ([Ru(bpy)(2)(Mebpy-COOC(3)H(6))Me(2)bpaCu(H(2)O)(ClO(4))](ClO(4)).(PF(6))(2).(H(2)O) was observed in the absence of sacrificial electron donor reagents in CH(2)Cl(2). The reaction rate of the photoreduction of nitrite depended upon the concentration of the excited Ru(II) moiety in the complex. The photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer rate constants between the Ru(II) and Cu(II) moieties (*Ru(II)-Cu(II) --> Ru(III)-Cu(I) and Ru(III)-Cu(I) --> Ru(II)-Cu(II)) in the dinuclear complex were calculated to be 2.3 x 10(9) and 8.3 x 10(7) s(-1), respectively, by laser flash photolysis.
Einstein Gravity Explorer–a medium-class fundamental physics mission (2008)

The Einstein Gravity Explorer mission (EGE) is devoted to a precise measurement of the properties of space-time using atomic clocks. It tests one of the most fundamental predictions of Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, the gravitational redshift, and thereby searches for hints of quantum effects in gravity, exploring one of the most important and challenging frontiers in fundamental physics. The primary mission goal is the measurement of the gravitational redshift with an accuracy up to a factor 104 higher than the best current result. The mission is based on a satellite carrying cold atom-based clocks. The payload includes a cesium microwave clock (PHARAO), an optical clock, a femtosecond frequency comb, as well as precise microwave time transfer systems between space and ground. The tick rates of the clocks are continuously compared with each other, and nearly continuously with clocks on earth, during the course of the 3-year mission. The highly elliptic orbit of the satellite is optimized for the scientific goals, providing a large variation in the gravitational potential between perigee and apogee. Besides the fundamental physics results, as secondary goals EGE will establish a global reference frame for the Earth’s gravitational potential and will allow a new approach to mapping Earth’s gravity field with very high spatial resolution. The mission was proposed as a class-M mission to ESA’s Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025.
Electromagnetic Interference (2021)

Potential sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI), often a concern for patients with cardiac devices, are often misdirected because of myth or hype by the media. The surgical suite, in particular, has several sources of potential EMI and therefore periprocedural management of cardiac implantable electronic devices is critical to minimize potential unwanted effects on devices. The most common responses to EMI are triggering or inhibition of pacemaker function, and false tachyarrhythmia detection in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Transient EMI of sufficient strength can reprogram the pacing mode, as opposed to temporarily modifying function. This is most commonly caused by external defibrillation or electrocautery, and occasionally by exposure to magnetic resonance imaging magnets, and, in contrast to noise reversion, pacing inhibition, or inappropriate shock, does not resolve when the EMI is discontinued. Electric and magnetic signals are emitted by industrial, hospital medical, and domestic sources. Each of these environments is discussed individually in this chapter.
Improvement of cross-talk of high-speed 2D photodetector array (2019)

We designed and fabricated a high-bandwidth, 32-pixel, two-dimensional photodetector array (2D-PDA) for receiving transmission signals from multi-core and few-mode fibers. Pixel sizes of 10, 20, and 30 μm were employed, with a pixel gap of 14 &mu;m. We obtained 3 dB bandwidths of 23.8~29.8 GHz, 19.1~20.8 GHz, and 9.0~13.7 GHz for pixel sizes of 10, 20, and 30 &mu;m, respectively. The device exhibited increasing noise due to RF crosstalk, which was caused by neighboring wires or pixels. In this study, we explored different pixel arrangements to reduce the crosstalk between neighboring pixels, and confirmed the frequency characteristics of the 2D-PDA pixels. Moreover, using electromagnetic simulation software, the RF crosstalk of -30 dB between neighboring pixels was confirmed up to the 10–20 GHz range. The crosstalk analysis, crosstalk reduction design in 2D-PDA devices, and its experimental results are displayed and discussed.
Using ${\hbox {SiO}}_{2}$ Carrier Confinement in Total Internal Reflection Optical Switches to Restrict Carrier Diffusion in the Guiding Layer (2008)

Total internal reflection optical switches structures are well known. However, previously reported switches based upon carrier injection have suffered from the diffusion of carriers within the guiding layer leading to inefficient reflection. While some attempts have been made to restrict the diffusion of carriers in devices fabricated in materials other than silicon, carrier diffusion has still been possible. In this paper, we propose the use of a thin SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> barrier around the carrier injection region to improve the performance of the device. Modeling data has shown that high-performance switching is possible by confining the carriers in this way. Modeling suggests that switching times of the order of 5 ns can be achieved with a switching current of the order of 30 mA.
Neurobiological correlates of state-dependent context fear (2017)

Retrieval of fear memories can be state-dependent, meaning that they are best retrieved if the brain states at encoding and retrieval are similar. Such states can be induced by activating extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA<sub>A</sub>R) with the broad α-subunit activator gaboxadol. However, the circuit mechanisms and specific subunits underlying gaboxadol's effects are not well understood. Here we show that gaboxadol induces profound changes of local and network oscillatory activity, indicative of discoordinated hippocampal-cortical activity, that were accompanied by robust and long-lasting state-dependent conditioned fear. Episodic memories typically are hippocampus-dependent for a limited period after learning, but become cortex-dependent with the passage of time. In contrast, state-dependent memories continued to rely on hippocampal GABAergic mechanisms for memory retrieval. Pharmacological approaches with α-subunit-specific agonists targeting the hippocampus implicated the prototypic extrasynaptic subunits (α<sub>4</sub>) as the mediator of state-dependent conditioned fear. Together, our findings suggest that continued dependence on hippocampal rather than cortical mechanisms could be an important feature of state-dependent memories that contributes to their conditional retrieval.
Combination of the CCL5-Derived Peptide R4.0 with Different HIV-1 Blockers Reveals Wide Target Compatibility and Synergic Cobinding to CCR5 (2014)

R4.0, a synthetic CCL5/RANTES-derived peptide, exerts potent anti-HIV-1 activity via its nonactivating interaction with CCR5, the major HIV-1 coreceptor. CCR5 chronic activation may promote undesirable inflammatory effects and enhance viral infection; thus, receptor antagonism is a necessary requisite. HIV-1 gp120, CCL5, and maraviroc dock on CCR5 by sharing two receptor sites: the N terminus and the second extracellular loop. In combination studies, R4.0, CCL5, and maraviroc exhibited concomitant interactions with CCR5 and promoted synergic inhibition of HIV-1 in acute-infection assays. Furthermore, various degrees of additive/synergic HIV-1 inhibition were observed when R4.0 was tested in combination with drugs and lead compounds directed toward different viral targets (gp120, gp41, reverse transcriptase, and protease). In combination with tenofovir, R4.0 provides cross-clade synergic inhibition of primary HIV-1 isolates. Remarkably, an in vitro-generated maraviroc-resistant R5 HIV-1 strain was inhibited by R4.0 comparably to the wild-type strain, suggesting the presence of viral resistance barriers similar to those reported for CCL5. Overall, R4.0 appears to be a promising lead peptide with potential for combination in anti-HIV-1 therapy and in microbicide development to prevent sexual HIV-1 transmission.
Reactive power control using a carrier-based modulation for Cascaded Matrix Converter (2013)

Direct matrix converter (DMC) is an AC-to-AC direct power conversion topology based on controlled bi-directional switches that can generate variable output voltages and sinusoidal source currents with variable power factor. Cascaded Matrix Converter (CMC) is a multilevel converter which combines the main characteristics of multi-cell power topologies and direct power conversion. The basic module is based on 3×2 direct matrix converter cell. This converter is fully regenerative, with multilevel output voltage and sinusoidal source current. In this work a reactive power control using a phase-shifted PWM scheme is presented. The modulation scheme can be developed using a simple digital logic and the results from open and closed loop tests are presented to evaluate the performance of proposed modulation.
Acute hydrops with a 180-degree massive edematous cavern demonstrated by three dimensional view of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in a patient with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration, a case report (2018)

This appears to be a very rare and interesting presentation of bilateral pellucid marginal degeneration, wherein not only acute hydrops formed bilaterally, but the cavity within the cornea stroma was exceptionally large with an unusual shape. Using the gonioscopic three-dimensional optical coherence tomography imaging, we were able to easily visualize the massive intrastromal cavern, and appropriately planned the crescent-shaped anterior lamellar keratoplasty. The 3d video constructed using this data is particularly elucidative compared to 2d images. As such, we recommend utilizing 3d imaging in cases where more conventional topography is not as explanatory with respect to precise nature of deformation.
Controlling ESD and cleanliness by using new thermoplastic compounds for injection molded and corrugated packaging products (2002)

New static dissipative thermoplastic materials for injection molding and corrugated packaging have been recently developed based on the selective localization of carbon black in a multi-component system. This paper analyses the cleanroom compatibility of these new compounds with consistent resistivities within the desired static dissipative range (10/sup 6/-10/sup 9/ /spl Omega//sq) achieved with very low carbon black loadings (less than 2 wt%). The goals were to obtain an understanding of the various materials' performance with regards to ESD and cleanliness. Ionic contamination, outgassing, nonvolatile residues and electrical properties are the main topics addressed.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF (3R‐TRANS)‐ AND (3S‐CIS)‐HYDROXY‐5‐PENTANOLIDES (1985)

Abstract (IId) übergeführt wird und weiter zum Aldehyd (III) führt, der mit Bromessigsäureethy ‐ ester in Gegenwart von Diethylaluminiumchlorid im Sinne einer Reformatskii‐ Reaktion zu einem Gemisch aus (IVa) neben geringen Mengen an (Va) führt.
Reliable fabrication of 3 nm gaps between nanoelectrodes by electron-beam lithography (2012)

The reliable fabrication of nanoelectrode pairs with predefined separations in the few nanometer range is an essential prerequisite for future nanoelectronic devices. Here we demonstrate a fine-tuned electron-beam lithographic (EBL) fabrication route which is suitable for defining nanoelectrode pairs with a gap size down to 3 ± 1 nm and with a yield of 55%. This achievement is based on an optimized two-layer resist system in combination with an adopted developer system, as well as on an elaborated nanoelectrode pattern design taking into consideration the EBL inherent proximity effect. Thus, even a structural control in the nanometer scale is achieved in the EBL process.
Evaluation of the Conformation-Directing Effects of Secondary Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Flexible Tetrapeptide Analogs (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of the Conformation-Directing Effects of Secondary Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Flexible Tetrapeptide AnalogsRobb R. Gardner and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 41, 10411–10412Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00146a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00146a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A knowledge-assisted framework to bridge functional and architecturally significant requirements (2014)

The disciplines of requirements engineering (RE) and software architecture (SA) are fundamental to the success of software projects. The synergistic relationship between these two disciplines has long been acknowledged by both academicians and practitioners alike. To build successful and cost-effective software systems, we must understand and leverage the linkages between functional and architectural requirements. We discuss a knowledge-assisted approach that establishes traceability between functional and architectural requirements. The approach classifies requirements into the problem context (functional) and a solution (architectural) context. The functional context is called Functional Requirement Viewpoint (FRV). The architectural context is further categorized into three sub-contexts namely the Functional Architecture Viewpoint (FAV), the Technical Architecture Viewpoint (TAV) and the Deployment Architecture Viewpoint (DAV). Though the approach separates the problem domain and the solution domain explicitly; it facilitates development of requirements and architectural specifications concurrently; appreciating the necessary interplay between the two.
Nanorobots with Hybrid Biomembranes for Simultaneous Degradation of Toxic Microorganism (2022)

Nanorobotics is a modern technological sector that creates robots with elements that are close to or near the nanoscale scale of such a nanometer. To be more specific, nanorobotics has been the nanotechnology approach to designing and creating nanorobots. Also, with the fast growth of robotics technology, developing biomaterials micro- or nanorobots, which convert biological concepts into a robotic device, grows progressively vital. This proposes the development, manufacturing, and testing of a dual–cell membrane–functionalized nanorobot for multifunctional biological threat component elimination, with a focus on the simultaneous targeted and neutralization of the pathogenic bacteria and toxins. Ultrasound-propelled biomaterials nanorobots comprised of the gold nanostructures wrapped in a combination of platelet (PL) and Red Blood Cell (RBC) layers were developed. Biohybrid micro- and nanorobots were small machines that combine biological and artificial elements. They may benefit from onboard actuators, detection, management, and deployment of a variety in medical functions. These hybrid cell walls consist of a variety of structural proteins involved in living organism RBCs and PLs, which provide nanorobots with either a quantity of the appealing biological functionality, with bonding and adhesion to the PL-adhering pathogenic organisms (for example, staphylococcus bacteria) but also neutralization of the pore-forming toxins (e.g., toxin). Furthermore, the biomaterials nanorobots demonstrated quick and efficient extended sonic propulsion for total blood with really no visible bacterial growth and mirrored the movements of genuine cell separation. This propulsion improved the robots’ bonding and detoxifying efficacy against infections and poisons. Overall, combining this diversified physiological activity of hybrid cellular tissue with the energy propulsion of such robotic systems contributed to the dynamic robotics scheme for effective separation and synchronous elimination of various living risks, a significant step towards to development of a broad-spectrum detoxifying robotic framework.
Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States (2012)

These findings suggest that more than 32 million persons in the US have ANAs, and that the prevalence is higher among females, older individuals, African Americans, and those with a normal body weight. These data will serve as a useful baseline for future investigations of predictors and changes in ANA prevalence over time.
A new digital controller for a single stage Bi-flyback PFC converter (2010)

The single-stage Bi-flyback PFC topology proposed in [1] has several advantages on efficiency, power density and cost. This paper adopts this topology, applying a new digital controller to improve power factor and lower the harmonic distortion. The proposed control structure relies on an adaptive digital algorithm without the need of sampling the input current. Moreover, it can adapt the loop compensation design based on the mode of operation within the line cycle. Such features are absent in present analog controllers, and can overcome the drawbacks of single stage topologies and their control complexity. Derived equations of the Bi-flyback PFC converter are used to implement the controller algorithm in simulation, and verified the feasibility of the proposed control method. A 100W and 20V prototype is used to experimentally verify the controller algorithm performance.
Distinctive roles of Fyn and Lyn in IgD- and IgM-mediated signaling (1999)

Src family kinases Fyn and Lyn associate with the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Accumulating data show that Lyn plays important roles in BCR-mediated signaling, while the role of Fyn remains obscure. Here we dissected the role of Fyn and Lyn in BCR signaling using B cells from fyn(-/-), lyn(-/-) and fyn/lyn double-deficient (fyn(-/-)lyn(-/-)) mice. In contrast to previous reports, fyn(-/-) B cells were slightly hyporeactive to both anti-IgM and anti-IgD-dextran. Although lyn(-/-) B cells were hyper-reactive to anti-IgM, anti-IgD-induced proliferation was impaired in lyn(-/-) B cells. Most of the other phenotypes of fyn(-/-)lyn(-/-) mice were similar to that of lyn(-/-) mice, except that proliferative responses of B cells to various stimuli, such as BCR cross-linking and lipopolysaccharide, were significantly lower in fyn(-/-)lyn(-/-) mice than in lyn(-/-) mice. Finally, immune responses to thymus-independent type 2 antigen were affected in these mutant mice. These observations suggest that Fyn and Lyn are involved in B cell functions, and play similar, but partly distinct, roles in BCR signaling.