gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advancements in stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cell models for hepatotoxicity testing (2021)

Abstract Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of clinical trial failures and high drug attrition rates. Currently, the commonly used hepatocyte models include primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), animal models, and hepatic cell lines. However, these models have disadvantages that include species-specific differences or inconvenient cell extraction methods. Therefore, a novel, inexpensive, efficient, and accurate model that can be applied to drug screening is urgently needed. Owing to their self-renewable ability, source abundance, and multipotent competence, stem cells are stable sources of drug hepatotoxicity screening models. Because 3D culture can mimic the in vivo microenvironment more accurately than can 2D culture, the former is commonly used for hepatocyte culture and drug screening. In this review, we introduce the different sources of stem cells used to generate hepatocyte-like cells and the models for hepatotoxicity testing that use stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells.
Robust discovery of partial rigid symmetries on 3D models (2010)

The ubiquity of symmetry in nature and man-made artifacts has made symmetry discovery an important tool for numerous applications. The most fundamental and visually prominent kind of symmetry is partial rigid symmetry, which is explained as the invariance between parts of a 3D model under a set of translation, rotation, reflection, and uniform scaling generators. Thus automatic discovery of partial rigid symmetry on general 3D models, with no assumption on the size, shape or location of the symmetric parts, keeps to be a hot topic during recent years. Among such kind of works, the transformation voting technique [Mitra et al. 2006] is most widely used, due to its high efficiency and easiness for understanding and implementation.
Akt mediates 17β‐estradiol and/or estrogen receptor‐α inhibition of LPS‐induced tumor necresis factor‐α expression and myocardial cell apoptosis by suppressing the JNK1/2‐NFκB pathway (2009)

Evidence shows that women have lower tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and lower incidences of heart dysfunction and sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. To identify the cardioprotective effects and precise cellular/molecular mechanisms behind estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs), we investigated the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) on LPS-induced apoptosis by analyzing the activation of survival and death signalling pathways in doxycycline (Dox)-inducible Tet-On/ERalpha H9c2 myocardial cells and ERalpha-transfected primary cardiomyocytes overexpressing ERalpha. We found that LPS challenge activated JNK1/2, and then induced IkappaB degradation, NFkappaB activation, TNF-alpha up-regulation and subsequent myocardial apoptotic responses. In addition, treatments involving E(2), membrane-impermeable BSA-E(2) and/or Dox, which induces ERalpha overexpression, significantly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing LPS-up-regulated JNK1/2 activity, IkappaB degradation, NFkappaB activation and pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g. TNF-alpha, active caspases-8, t-Bid, Bax, released cytochrome c, active caspase-9, active caspase-3) in myocardial cells. However, the cardioprotective properties of E(2), BSA-E(2) and ERalpha overexpression to inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis and promote cell survival were attenuated by applying LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and PI3K siRNA. These findings suggest that E(2), BSA-E(2) and ERalpha expression exert their cardioprotective effects by inhibiting JNK1/2-mediated LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression and cardiomyocyte apoptosis through activation of Akt.
Evaluation of Damage by Vertebrate Pests in California Vineyards and Control of Wild Turkeys by Bioacoustics (2010)

Complaints of agricultural damage by wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), particularly from wine grape growers, have increased in California. We assessed damage by vertebrate pests in vineyards and tested a bioacoustic-aversion technique for turkeys as an alternative to other control techniques (e.g., reflective tape, trapping, bird netting). We selected 12 vineyards in the Napa Valley and Sierra Foothills American Viticultural Areas of California. We conducted damage surveys to assess percentages of missing or damaged grapes (i.e., grapes that had been stripped, pecked, and plucked) for every grape cluster on 20 randomly-selected vines before harvest in 2007 and on 40 vines in 2008. We assumed that all observed damage was caused by vertebrate pests and that most of this damage was caused by birds. Grape damage caused by wild turkeys was identified by contiguous sections of berries plucked from a cluster, which we referred to as stripped damage. We attributed pecked and plucked damage to passerines. In 2008, we randomly selected 3 vineyards in each area for treatment with broadcast calls (wild turkey alarm, domestic turkey alarm, crow distress). We used motion-activated video cameras to document evidence of damage caused by turkeys and other animals. Damage in the vineyard perimeter was greater than in the interior for all damage types in 2008, but only for plucked damage in 2007. In 2008, stripped, pecked, and plucked damage means for treated vineyards were 1.3%, 1.4%, and 1.5%, respectively; stripped, pecked, and plucked damage means for untreated vineyards were 1.3%, 0.7%, and 0.2%, respectively. There was no difference in mean stripped damage between treated and untreated vineyards in 2008, indicating that broadcast calls had no effect. Comparison between treated sites in 2008 with the same untreated sites in 2007 yielded similar results. Turkeys caused damage in several of the study vineyards, but the problem varied among vineyards and was inconsistent between years. Motion-activated video recordings suggested that raccoons (Procyon lotor), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and other vertebrate pests were to blame for some of the stripped damage.
Time reversal terahertz imaging (2002)

We describe a technique for imaging in the terahertz regime using time reversal of single-cycle pulses. Specifically, the time-reversal symmetry of Maxwell's wave equation is exploited to reconstruct the transmission function of a diffracting aperture by inverting the diffracted fields. After deriving a time-reversed form of the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, we demonstrate through simulation and experiment the reconstruction of one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2-D) objects. A means to obtain data efficiently for reconstruction of 2-D apertures is described. The spatial resolution determined by the Sparrow criterion is found to correspond to approximately 30% of the peak wavelength and 85% of the mean wavelength of the power spectrum of the single-cycle waveform. Finally, the modulation transfer function for the imaging method is simulated and is shown to be nearly diffraction-limited when compared to an ideal imaging system.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of N‐azolylpropanamides (1988)

Abstract Fourteen N ‐azolylpropanamides have been prepared by Michael addition of azoles on acrylamide. The compounds have been fully characterized by IR and by 1 H and 13 C‐nmr. The isolated compounds are the most stable derivatives; kinetic compounds were observed but could not be isolated.
Dynamics for the Cl+C2H6→HCl+C2H5 reaction examined through state-specific angular distributions (1996)

Photolysis of Cl2 initiates the title reaction at a sharply defined collision energy of 0.24±0.03 eV. Nascent product rotational state distributions for HCl (v=0) are determined using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), center-of-mass scattering distributions are measured by the core-extraction technique, and the average internal energy of the C2H5 product is deduced from the dependence of the core-extracted signal on the photolysis polarization. The HCl product has little rotational excitation, but the scattering distribution is nearly isotropic. Although seemingly contradictory, both of these features can be accounted for by using the simple line-of-centers model presented to explain earlier results for the Cl+CH4 reaction. In contrast to the Cl+CH4 reaction, the data suggest that the Cl+C2H6 reaction proceeds through a loosely constrained transition-state geometry. The reactions of atomic chlorine with ethane, C2H6, and perdeuteroethane, C2D6, yield virtually identical results. These findings, along with the low energy deposited by the reaction into the ethyl product (200±120 cm−1), demonstrate that the alkyl fragment acts largely as a spectator in this hydrogen abstraction reaction.
Radiation damage in boron nitride x-ray lithography masks (1988)

The optical and mechanical properties of boron nitride vapor deposited at 400 °C are shown to degrade when exposed to synchrotron radiation. The extent of the damage and the rate at which the damage occurs are similar to that first reported by Johnson et al. Transmission through membranes of boron nitride was measured in situ during exposure to x rays. Membranes darkened considerably with the transmission through a typical membrane falling from 50% to 20% after absorbing ∼250 kJ/cm3 of x rays. Changes in local film stress were measured with a simple cantilever technique. Films originally in tension (∼5E8 dyne/cm2) were found to become compressive after absorbing 300 kJ/cm3 of x rays. Both forms of damage responded well to annealing. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and near-edge x-ray absorption measurements were made to discern the structural differences between degraded and unexposed films. No significant structural changes were observed. Boron nitride films deposited at higher temperatures (600 °C) proved to be much less susceptible to radiation damage. In a related development, films produced through the pyrolysis of borazine appeared to be completely immune to radiation damage as were silicon and silicon nitride membranes. FTIR spectra indicate that less hydrogen is present in the 600 °C chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) and the pyrolytic boron nitride films than in the 400 °C CVD films. As proposed by Johnson et al., hydrogen is implicated as an intermediary in the boron nitride damage mechanism.
A positive family history of hypertension and sympathetic overactivity are predictors of subsequent weight gain and bp rise (2003)

We reported that a positive family history of hypertension (FHHT+) and a positive family history of obesity (FHOB+) are related with sympathetic overactivity and resultant BP elevation, and that weight gain (WG)-induced sympathetic overactivity is tightly linked to WG-induced BP elevation. To evaluate the relations between FHHT+ and WG in subjects without genetic factors of obesity (FHOB-), we conducted the present longitudinal study over 5 yrs. In 433 young (<50 yrs), nonobese (<25 kg/m2), normotensive men, consisting of 354 with FHOB- and 79 with FHOB+, we measured BMI, BP, pulse rate, plasma norepinephrine (NE), insulin and leptin every 1 yr for 5 yrs. FHHT+ and FHOB+ were defined as at least one parent having hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) or obesity (BMI≥25.0 kg/m2). FHHT- and FHOB- were defined as both parents being normotensive or nonobese (<25.0/kg/m2). A significant WG was defined as more than 10% increase in BMI for 5 yrs. FHHT+ was noted in 18% of a whole cohort, 14% of FHOB- and 34% of FHOB+. To exclude the genetic influence of obesity, the data in only FHOB- was analyzed. In FHOB-, a significant WG was noted in 62% of FHHT+ and 12% of FHHT- (P<.05). FHHT+ had higher levels of mean BP, plasma NE and insulin at entry than FHHT-, although BMI and leptin were similar. Changes in BMI, mean BP, plasma NE and insulin for 5 yrs in FHHT+ were greater than in FHHT-. At entry, FHHT+ with WG had higher levels of BMI, mean BP, pulse rate and NE than FHHT+ without WG, but insulin and leptin were similar. The increases in BMI, mean BP, NE, insulin and leptin for 5 yrs in FHHT+ with WG were greater than in FHHT+ without WG. Change in BMI for 5 yrs was analyzed as the dependent factor in association with FHHT, changes in mean BP, NE, insulin & leptin using multiple regression analysis. FHHT+ (P=.005), change in mean BP (P=.001) and change in NE (P=.027) were significant determinant factors for change in BMI (R2=.224, F=13.47, P=.0001). When change in BMI for 5 yrs was analyzed as the dependent factor in association with FHHT, basal BMI, mean BP, NE, insulin and leptin, FHHT+ (P=.006), basal mean BP (P=.011) and basal NE (P=.048) were significant determinant factors for change in BMI (R2=.189, F=10.26, P=.0001). These results demonstrate that FHHT+ and sympathetic overactivity appear to predict subsequent weight gain and BP rise even in nonobese men with FHOB-.
Present state and possibilities for improvement of cancer prevention and early detection in the Osijek-baranya county (2003)

Cancer morbidity and mortality are on a steady increase in Croatia. Technologic possibilities for appropriate managementare available for four cancer sites, i.e. cancer of the breast, cervix uteri, colorectum and prostate, and includecancer prevention and early detection in individuals yet free from manifest signs of the disease. The magnitude of the problem, the experience acquired to date, health care personnel available, and additional resources required to launch a systematic program of early detection of the disease are presented. The program should be initially launched in a county with greatest experience in early detection of cancer, where health care service is ready to immediately start its implementation. The role of family physician, gynecologic service at primary health care level, and polyclinic-consultation hospital service in program implementation is described. The following three possible options for early detection of cancer are analyzed and proposed: minimal program (early detection every 3 years), medium program (the same individuals examined every 2 years), and optimal program proposed by the American Cancer Society and other national and international organizations.
The structure of importin α and the nuclear localization peptide of ChREBP, and small compound inhibitors of ChREBP–importin α interactions (2020)

The carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-responsive transcription factor that plays a critical role in glucose-mediated induction of genes involved in hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis. In response to fluctuating blood glucose levels ChREBP activity is regulated mainly by nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of ChREBP. Under high glucose ChREBP binds to importin α and importin β and translocates into the nucleus to initiate transcription. We have previously shown that the nuclear localization signal site (NLS) for ChREBP is bipartite with the NLS extending from Arg158 to Lys190. Here, we report the 2.5 Å crystal structure of the ChREBP-NLS peptide bound to importin α. The structure revealed that the NLS binding is monopartite, with the amino acid residues K171RRI174 from the ChREBP-NLS interacting with ARM2-ARM5 on importin α. We discovered that importin α also binds to the primary binding site of the 14-3-3 proteins with high affinity, which suggests that both importin α and 14-3-3 are each competing with the other for this broad-binding region (residues 117-196) on ChREBP. We screened a small compound library and identified two novel compounds that inhibit the ChREBP-NLS/importin α interaction, nuclear localization, and transcription activities of ChREBP. These candidate molecules support developing inhibitors of ChREBP that may be useful in treatment of obesity and the associated diseases.
Combination Therapy Targeting Both Tumor-Initiating and Differentiated Cell Populations in Prostate Carcinoma (2010)

This combination treatment ultimately leads to the expansion of cancer progenitors with a PTEN E91D mutation, suggesting that the analysis of PTEN mutations could predict therapeutic response to the dual therapy.
Stereospecific Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of endo-Dicyclopentadiene by Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysts (2015)

We report an examination of the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of endo-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) by 10 well-defined molybdenum-based and 16 tungsten-based alkylidene initiators. Five tungsten-based MAP (monoaryloxide pyrrolide) initiators with the general formula W(X)(CHCMe2Ph)(Me2Pyr)(OAr) (X = arylimido, alkylimido, or oxo; Me2Pyr =2,5-dimethylpyrrolide; OAr = an aryloxide) were found to yield >98% cis, >98% syndiotactic poly(DCPD); they are W(N-t-Bu)(CHCMe3)(pyr)(OHMT) (2, OHMT = O-2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)2C6H3, pyr = pyrrolide), W(N-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)(CHCMe2Ph)(pyr)(OHMT) (3), W(O)(CHCMe2Ph)(Me2Pyr)(OHMT)(PPh2Me) (7, Me2Pyr =2,5-dimethylpyrrolide), W(O)(CHCMe2Ph)(Me2Pyr)(ODFT)(PPh2Me) (9, ODFT = O-2,6-(C6F5)2C6H3), and W(O)(CHCMe2Ph)(Me2Pyr)(OTPP)(PMePh2) (10, OTPP = O-2,3,5,6-Ph4C6H). Two biphenolate alkylidene complexes, Mo(N-2,6-Me2C6H3)(CHCMe2Ph)(rac-biphen) (17) and W(N-2,6-Me2C6H3)(CHCMe2Ph)(rac-biphen) (22, biphen =3,3′-(t-Bu)2-5,5′-6,6′-(CH3)4-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diolate), were found to yield >98% cis, >98% isotactic poly(DCPD). Cis, syndiotactic or cis, isotactic poly(DCPD)s (made with 50–1000 equiv of DCPD) are accessible within seconds to minutes in dichloromethane at room temperature. No isomerization or cross-linking reactions are observed, and addition of a chain transfer reagent (1-hexene) or the use of THF as a solvent does not decrease the stereospecificity of the polymerizations. Cis, syndiotactic and cis, isotactic poly(DCPD)s can be distinguished readily from each other by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Hydrogenation of each stereoregular poly(DCPD) produces H-poly(DCPD)s that have melting points near 270 °C (syndiotactic) or 290 °C (isotactic) and high crystallinities (wc = 0.83 for syndiotactic and wc = 0.74 for isotactic).
Approximate convex decomposition and transfer for animated meshes (2018)

Many geometric quantities can be computed efficiently for convex meshes. For general meshes, methods for approximate convex decomposition have been developed that decompose a static, non-convex object into a small set of approximately convex parts. The convex hulls of those parts can then be used as a piecewise convex approximation to the original mesh. While previous work was only concerned with static meshes, we present a method for decomposing animated 3D meshes into temporally coherent approximately convex parts. Given a mesh and several training frames---that is, different spatial configurations of its vertices---we precompute an approximate convex decomposition that is independent of any specific frame. Such a decomposition can be transferred in real-time to novel, unseen frames. We apply our method to a variety of pre-animated meshes as well as a 3D character interactively controlled by a user's body pose. We further demonstrate that our method enables real-time physics simulations to interact with animated meshes.
Lärm in der zahnärztlichen Praxis (2010)

Ohne Schall gäbe es kein menschliches Leben. Schall ist Träger und Begleiter von Kommunikation, Information, Mobilität und Lebensqualität. Da Schallereignisse Druckwellen sind, die energetisch auf den Menschen einwirken, und Schall als Träger von Informationen auch Störungen und subjektive Beschwerden bewirkt, können durch ihn negative Wirkungen ausgelöst werden – dann handelt es sich um Lärm.
An EPGPT-based approach for uncertainty quantification (2012)

Generalized Perturbation Theory (GPT) has been widely used by many scientific disciplines to perform sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification. This manuscript employs recent developments in GPT theory, collectively referred to as Exact-to-Precision Generalized Perturbation Theory (EPGPT), to enable uncertainty quantification for computationally challenging models, e.g. nonlinear models associated with many input parameters and many output responses and with general non-Gaussian parameters distributions. The core difference between EPGPT and existing GPT is in the way the problem is formulated. GPT formulates an adjoint problem that is dependent on the response of interest. It tries to capture via the adjoint solution the relationship between the response of interest and the constraints on the state variations. EPGPT recasts the problem in terms of a smaller set of what is referred to as the 'active' responses which are solely dependent on the physics model and the boundary and initial conditions rather than on the responses of interest. The objective of this work is to apply an EPGPT methodology to propagate cross-sections variations in typical reactor design calculations. The goal is to illustrate its use and the associated impact for situations where the typical Gaussian assumption for parameters uncertainties is not valid and when nonlinearmore » behavior must be considered. To allow this demonstration, exaggerated variations will be employed to stimulate nonlinear behavior in simple prototypical neutronics models. (authors)« less
Vp/Vs ratio estimation from joint PP-PS inversion of 3D VSP seismic data (2011)

A workflow to derive Vp/Vs and acoustic impedance volumes from joint PP-PS inversion of seismic data is applied to 3D VSP data. PP and PS depth migrated VSP volumes, converted to PP time, are first sequentially inverted for acoustic and PS elastic impedance respectively. In a second step the main reservoir horizons are interpreted for each volume. The PS volume is then transformed in time so that the picked horizons coincide in the PP and PS datasets. The resulting data are jointly inverted for acoustic impedance and Vp/Vs. This workflow was applied to two 3D VSP datasets, recently acquired in the Arabian Gulf, to improve the delineation of thin sand stringers for optimized horizontal well placement. The 3D VSP inversion results were compared to the conventional elastic inversion of PP OBC data. When OBC data are good, no significant resolution improvement was observed on the 3D VSP results. In an area where the OBC data quality was low, the 3D VSP provided a superior image in the proximity of the well.
Photochemical reactions inGeO2-SiO2glasses induced by ultraviolet irradiation: Comparison between Hg lamp and excimer laser (1995)

${\mathrm{GeO}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ glasses prepared by vapor-phase axial deposition were exposed to ultraviolet (uv) radiation from a Hg discharge lamp (4.9 eV) and excimer lasers (KrF laser: 5.0 eV, XeCl laser: 4.0 eV). Two photochemical reaction channels were ascertained: (1) The exposure of the glasses to the Hg lamp radiation (\ensuremath{\sim}16 mW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) induced Ge E' centers accompanied by bleaching of the absorption band due to oxygen-deficient defects near 5 eV (5-eV band) and the emergence of an intense band near 6.4 eV. (2) The irradiation with KrF and XeCl lasers (power densities of 10 and 90 mJ/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/pulse, respectively, pulse duration of 20 ns) generated two types of paramagnetic defects, electron trapped centers associated with fourfold coordinated Ge ions (GEC) and a self-trapped hole center (STH: bridging oxygen trapping a hole). The former and the latter were considered to be caused via one-photon and two-photon absorption processes, respectively. These alternative reactions proceeded independently depending on the power densities of uv photons. The formation of GEC's was saturated easily by irradiation with KrF laser pulses, and then the conversion of GEC to Ge E' centers was caused by prolonged irradiation.