gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feraheme (Ferumoxytol) Is Recognized by Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Macrophages via Scavenger Receptor Type AI/II (2019)

Feraheme (ferumoxytol), a negatively charged, carboxymethyl dextran-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (USPIO, 30 nm, -16 mV), is clinically approved as an iron supplement and is used off-label for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of macrophage-rich lesions, but the mechanism of recognition is not known. We investigated mechanisms of uptake of Feraheme by various types of macrophages <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages was not inhibited in complement-deficient serum. In contrast, the uptake of larger and less charged SPIO nanoworms (60 nm, -5 mV; 120 nm, -5 mV, respectively) was completely inhibited in complement deficient serum, which could be attributed to more C3 molecules bound per nanoparticle than Feraheme. The uptake of Feraheme <i>in vitro</i> was blocked by scavenger receptor (SR) inhibitor polyinosinic acid (PIA) and by antibody against scavenger receptor type A I/II (SR-AI/II). Antibodies against other SRs including MARCO, CD14, SR-BI, and CD11b had no effect on Feraheme uptake. Intraperitoneally administered PIA inhibited the peritoneal macrophage uptake of Feraheme <i>in vivo</i>. Nonmacrophage cells transfected with SR-AI plasmid efficiently internalized Feraheme but not noncharged ultrasmall SPIO of the same size (26 nm, -6 mV), suggesting that the anionic carboxymethyl groups of Feraheme are responsible for the SR-AI recognition. The uptake by nondifferentiated bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) and by BMDM differentiated into M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) types was efficiently inhibited by PIA and anti-SR-AI/II antibody. Interestingly, all BMDM types expressed similar levels of SR-AI/II. In conclusion, Feraheme is efficiently recognized via SR-AI/II but not via complement by different macrophage types. The recognition by the common phagocytic receptor has implications for specificity of imaging of macrophage subtypes.
Current enhancement in regioregular poly(thiophene) thin film transistors (2004)

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) made with solution-processed polymeric semiconductors are being developed for use in large-area, low-cost electronic devices such as displays. The carrier mobility in most polymers is about ten times smaller than that in amorphous silicon. To be useful for circuits, the dimensions of TFTs made with polymers must be scaled to compensate for this deficiency because high-quality, ultra-thin or high-k dielectrics are not available for these applications. Deviations from ideal FET behavior are widely reported for polymer TFTs with channel lengths shorter than /spl sim/10 /spl mu/m and these deviations are currently not understood. In this paper, we present an explanation of this phenomenon for the first time. 2D simulations will be necessary to further model the current-voltage characteristics. These data are important for the development of device models for polymeric circuits and for the determination of materials properties from I-V characteristics of TFTs.
Are heat stroke and physical exhaustion underestimated causes of acute hepatic failure? (2007)

While cardiopulmonary symptoms are common in patients undergoing classical or, due to physical exercise, exertional heat stroke, the failure of other organs is a rarely described phenomenon. Here we present two cases of acute hepatic failure, one due to classic heat shock, while the other occurred while the patient was doing a marathon-type running. Both cases presented with very high transaminases and significantly elevated international normalized ratio (INR). No other causes for liver failure could be identified but physical exhaustion and hyperthermia.
Polynomial direct sum masking to protect against both SCA and FIA. (2018)

Side-channel attacks (SCAs) and fault injection attacks (FIAs) allow an opponent to have partial access to the internal behavior of the hardware. Since the end of the 1990s, many works have shown that this type of attacks constitutes a serious threat to cryptosystems implemented in embedded devices. In the state of the art, there exist several countermeasures to protect symmetric encryption (especially AES-128). Most of them protect only against one of these two attacks (SCA or FIA). A method called ODSM has been proposed to withstand SCA and FIA, but its implementation in the whole algorithm is a big open problem when no particular hardware protection is possible. In the present paper, we propose a practical masking scheme specifying ODSM which makes it possible to protect the symmetric encryption against these two attacks.
MER-1001, a novel polymeric prodrug of camptothecin, is a potent inhibitor of LS174 and A2780 human tumor xenografts in a mouse model (2007)

781 Background and Rationale: MER-1001 is a polymeric prodrug derivative of camptothecin (CPT) in which CPT is chemically tethered to a hydrophilic, bio-degradable 60-70-kDa polymer, Fleximer (poly[1-hydroxymethylene hydroxymethyl formal], PHF). When administered intravenously, MER-1001 releases camptothecin-20-( N -succinimido-glycinate) (CPT-SI), CPT, and camptothecin-20-( N -succinamidoyl-glycinate) (CPT-SA) over an extended time period. Due to the biologically inert nature of Fleximer, MER-1001 distributes throughout the vascular space and slowly releases the prodrug CPT-SI, and to a lesser extent, CPT, over time. Initial PK measurements in animals confirm the release-limited PK of CPT and CPT-SI. Thus, in contrast to the known PK profile of CPT alone, MER-1001 (CPT+linker+PHF) releases CPT slowly and is not expected to be excreted at potentially toxic levels into the gall bladder, intestine, and urinary bladder. In addition, the dual-phase release mechanism affords a more sustained exposure to the active lactone form of CPT as the lactone ring is stabilized in prodrug CPT-SI. Both distribution and extended release are hypothesized to improve safety and efficacy over existing drugs of the same class. Experimental procedures: Nude mice bearing established tumor xenografts of human colon cancer (LS174T) were treated with MER-1001 at 56 mg/kg (of CPT equivalents) i.v. q7dx3, a molar equivalent dose of irinotecan at 94 mg/kg i.p. q7dx3, and camptothecin at 7.5 mg/kg i.v. q7dx3. In a second study, established human ovarian cancer tumors (A2780) at 70, 300, and 1100 mm 3 in nude mice were treated chronically with MER-1001 (20 mg/kg of CPT equivalents i.v., q4dx15). In both studies tumor size and time to endpoint (death or euthanasia) were measured over the course of 60 days. Summary of Data: Treatment of human colon cancer LS174T xenografts with MER-1001 as above led to tumor growth delay of 27 days (180%) and concomitant extension of time to endpoint (vs. no-treatment control) from 15 days to 42 days 13% weight loss. MER-1001 is more efficacious than comparable doses of irinotecan and camptothecin, with tumor growth delays of 104% and 49%, respectively, and median times to endpoint of 31 and 22 days, respectively. Chronic treatment of established human ovarian A2780 cancer tumors in nude mice with MER-1001 as above led to sustained inhibition of tumor growth regardless of baseline tumor size. Conclusions: MER-1001 is a potent and efficacious agent against LS174 and A2780 human tumor xenografts in nude mice.
The detection of brain oedema with frequency-dependent phase shift electromagnetic induction (2006)

The spectroscopic distribution of inductive phase shift in the brain as a function of the relative volume of oedema was evaluated with theoretical and experimental methods in the frequency range 1 to 8 MHz. The theoretical study employed a simple mathematical model of electromagnetic induction in tissue and brain tissue data available from the literature to calculate the phase shift as a function of oedema in the bulk of the brain. Experimental data were generated from bulk measurements of ex vivo homogenized pig brain tissue mixed with various volumes of physiological saline in a volume sample typical of the human brain. There is good agreement between the analytical and the experimental results. Detectable changes in phase shift begin from a frequency of about 3 MHz to 4 MHz in the tested compositions and volume. The phase shift increases with frequency and fluid content. The results suggest that measuring phase shift in the bulk of the brain has the potential for becoming a robust means for non-contact detection of oedema in the brain.
Transfection Agent Induced Nanoparticle Cell Loading (2005)

Loading cells with magnetic nanoparticles, and tracking their fate in vivo by high resolution MRI, is an attractive approach for enhancing the efficacy of cell-based therapies including those utilizing hematopoietic stem cells, neuroprogenitor cells, and T cells. The transfection agent (internalization agent) assisted loading with the Feridex IV nanoparticle is an attractive method of loading because of the low cost of materials, and possible low regulatory barriers for eventual clinical use. We therefore explored the interaction between Feridex IV and three internalization agents protamine (PRO), polylysine (PLL), and lipofectamine (LFA). Feridex reacted with internalization agents to form aggregates, except when either the internalization agent or Feridex was present in large excess. When Jurkat T cells were incubated with Feridex/LFA or Feridex/PRO mixtures, and washed by centrifugation, nanoparticle aggregates co-purified with cells. With C17.2 cells large iron oxide particles adhered to the cell surface. At 30 microg/mL Feridex and 3 microg/mL LFA, internalization was largely mediated by LFA and was largely cytoplasmic. However, we found that the conditions used to label cells with Feridex and transfection agents need to be carefully selected to avoid the problems of surface adsorption and nanoparticle precipitation.
Total Synthesis of Pactamycin (2011)

Mit leichter Verzögerung: 50 Jahre nach der ersten Isolierung von Pactamycin aus der Fermentationsbrühe von Streptomyces pactum var pactum gelang endlich die Totalsynthese dieses hoch funktionalisierten natürlichen Aminocyclopentitols. Das modulare Einbringen der funktionellen Gruppen sollte die Synthese weniger toxischer Analoga ermöglichen, die weiterhin antibakteriell und cytotoxisch wirken.
Weighted criteria for RF power amplifiers identification in wide-band context (2008)

Modeling accurately RF power amplifiers (PAs) is an essential first step for predistortion and identification purposes. In WCDMA context, we prove that inaccurate results of identification are achieved because of the inadequacy of the classical criteria of least squares fitting to the WCDMA input pdf. The performances of the identification can be enhanced through a weighted criteria taking into account AM/AM dispersion for low input amplitudes. In this paper, the weighted criteria is validated for 1- carrier WCDMA input and two RF PAs, considering polynomial memoryless model and multibranch polynomial model.
Chronic Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Changes in the Distribution, Immunophenotype, and the Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion Profile of Circulating Dendritic Cells (2007)

Chronic alcoholism in the absence of liver disease is associated with an increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines by PB DC, whereas ALCAW and ALCET patients show decreased numbers of circulating DC and reduced secretion of these cytokines, respectively.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics and optical pumping of lasing from Ar-plasma treated ZnO nanoribbons (2018)

It is a well-known fact that ZnO has been one of the most studied wide bandgap II-VI materials by the scientific community specifically due to its potential for being used as exciton-related optical devices. Hence, realizing ways to increase the efficiency of these devices is important. We discuss a plasma treatment technique to enhance the near-band-edge (NBE) excitonic emission from ZnO based nanoribbons. We observed an enhancement of the NBE peak and simultaneous quenching of the visible emission peak resulting from the removal of surface traps on these ZnO nanoribbons. More importantly, we report here the associated ultrafast carrier dynamics resulting from this surface treatment. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was performed using pump-probe differential transmission measurements shedding new light on these improved dynamics with faster relaxation times. The knowledge obtained is important for improving the application of ZnO based optoelectronic devices. We also observed how these improved carrier dynamics have a direct effect on the threshold and efficiency of random lasing from the material.
Revisit pattern collapse for 14nm node and beyond (2011)

In this study, we have analyzed new data sets of pattern collapse obtained from 300 mm wafers which were coated with a process-of-record (POR) EUV resist and exposed by an EUV Alpha-Demo tool (ADT) and a Vistec VB300 e-beam exposure tool. In order to minimize any processing effects on pattern collapse, the same POR EUV track process was applied to both exposures. A key metric of our analysis is the critical aspect ratio of collapse (CARC)<sup>1</sup>. We found that CARC of POR EUV resist decreases monotonically with spacing, in the range of ~1.8-2.2 at ~32-54 nm space (60-80 nm pitch) for EUV, and ~1.5-2.1 at ~16-50 nm space (~46-80 nm pitch) for e-beam. We also estimated an apparent Young's modulus of POR EUV resist by fitting a collapse model<sup>2</sup> to the CARC data. The resulting modulus ~0.30 GPa was much smaller than the modulus of typical polymer glasses (~1.0-5.0 GPa). Our findings suggest that due to a significant decrease of resist mechanical properties and a sharp increase in capillary force, it will be challenging to maintain aspect ratios above 2.0 for sub-30 nm resist spacing (sub-60 nm pitches). For patterning at these dimensions, alternate processes and materials will become increasingly necessary, e.g. surfactant-based rinse solutions<sup>3</sup> and other approaches.
Galactose‐Functionalized Cationic Polycarbonate Diblock Copolymer for Targeted Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes (2013)

To mediate selective gene delivery to hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP-Rs), we designed and synthesized well-defined and narrowly dispersed galactose- and glucose-functionalized cationic polycarbonate diblock copolymers (designated as Gal-APC and Glu-APC, respectively) using organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of functionalized carbonate monomers, with a subsequent quaternization step using bis-tertiary amines to confer quaternary and tertiary amines for DNA binding and endosomal buffering, respectively. The sugar-functionalized diblock copolymers effectively bound and condensed DNA to form positively charged nanoparticles (<100 nm in diameter and ≈30 mV zeta-potential) that were stable under high physiological salt conditions. In comparison to the control Glu-APC/DNA complexes, Gal-APC/DNA complexes mediated significantly higher gene expression in ASGP-R positive HepG2 cells with no significant difference observed in ASGP-R negative HeLa cells. The co-incubation of Gal-APC/DNA complexes with a natural ASGP-R ligand effectively led to a decrease in gene expression, hence providing evidence for the ASGP-R mediated endocytosis of the polyplexes. Importantly, the Gal-APC/DNA complexes induced minimal cytotoxicities in HepG2 cells at the N/P ratios tested. Taken together, the galactose-functionalized cationic polycarbonate diblock copolymer has potential for use as a non-viral gene vector for the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to hepatocytes in the treatment of liver diseases.
Indentation versus Rolling: Dependence of Adhesion on Contact Geometry for Biomimetic Structures (2018)

Numerous biomimetic structures made from elastomeric materials have been developed to produce enhancement in properties such as adhesion, static friction, and sliding friction. As a property, one expects adhesion to be represented by an energy per unit area that is usually sensitive to the combination of shear and normal stresses at the crack front but is otherwise dependent only on the two elastic materials that meet at the interface. More specifically, one would expect that adhesion measured by indentation (a popular and convenient technique) could be used to predict adhesion hysteresis in the more practically important rolling geometry. Previously, a structure with a film-terminated fibrillar geometry exhibited dramatic enhancement of adhesion by a crack-trapping mechanism during indentation with a rigid sphere. Roughly isotropic structures such as the fibrillar geometry show a strong correlation between adhesion enhancement in indentation versus adhesion hysteresis in rolling. However, anisotropic structures, such as a film-terminated ridge-channel geometry, surprisingly show a dramatic divergence between adhesion measured by indentation versus rolling. We study this experimentally and theoretically, first comparing the adhesion of the anisotropic ridge-channel structure to the roughly isotropic fibrillar structure during indentation with a rigid sphere, where only the isotropic structure shows adhesion enhancement. Second, we examine in more detail the anomalous anisotropic film-terminated ridge-channel structure during indentation with a rigid sphere versus rolling to show why these structures show a dramatic adhesion enhancement for the rolling case and no adhesion enhancement for indentation.
CD27-CD70 interactions in the pathogenesis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2008)

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by an IgM monoclonal gammopathy and bone marrow (BM) infiltration with lymphoplasmacytic cells (LPCs). Excess mast cells (MCs) are commonly present in WM, and provide growth and survival signals to LPCs through several TNF family ligands (CD40L, a proliferation-inducing ligand [APRIL], and B-lymphocyte stimulator factor [BLYS]). As part of these studies, we demonstrated that WM LPCs secrete soluble CD27 (sCD27), which is elevated in patients with WM (P < .001 vs healthy donors), and serves as a faithful marker of disease. Importantly, sCD27 stimulated expression of CD40L on 10 of 10 BM MC samples and APRIL on 4 of 10 BM MC samples obtained from patients with WM as well as on LAD2 MCs. Moreover, the SGN-70 humanized monoclonal antibody, which binds to CD70 (the receptor-ligand partner of CD27), abrogated sCD27 mediated up-regulation of CD40L and APRIL on WM MCs. Last, treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency-human (SCID-hu) mice with established WM using the SGN-70 antibody blocked disease progression in 12 of 12 mice, whereas disease progressed in all 5 untreated mice. The results of these studies demonstrate a functional role for sCD27 in WM pathogenesis, along with its utility as a surrogate marker of disease and a target in the treatment of WM.
On the comparison of ΔI/sub DDQ/ and I/sub DDQ/ testing (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to compare differential Iddq to Iddq itself; in their capabilities of detecting active current defects/faults, as bridging faults. To perform this comparison, a mathematical framework is developed, based on assumptions validated with data from the Sematech experiment S121. The comparison results reveal that the probability of false test decision can be reduced by orders of magnitude by using differential Iddq instead of Iddq. Based on the same framework, we also show that a wise vector selection may contribute to decrease by orders of magnitude the probability of a false test decision. Finally, we investigate the applicability of differential Iddq with deep-submicron technologies, by estimating the number of (pairs of) vectors required to achieve a given test qualify level. The proposed framework and the results help to understand the tendencies and to identify the requirements in order to meet the challenges of deep-submicron current testing.
Transfer of mesenchymal stem cell mitochondria to CD4+ T cells contributes to repress Th1 differentiation by downregulating T-bet expression (2023)

The present study demonstrates that transfer of MSC mitochondria to activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells results in the suppression of Th1 responses in part by downregulating T-bet expression. Furthermore, our studies suggest that MSC mitochondrial transfer might represent a general mechanism of MSC-dependent immunosuppression.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Regulation of CD4<sup>+</sup>NKG2D<sup>+</sup> Th1 Cells in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Sorafenib: Role of IL-15Rα and NKG2D Triggering (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 94K, 2D Clustering of LogRatios (D21/D0) of gene expression post- (D21) and pre-therapy (D0) with sorafenib/temozolomide.&lt;/p&gt;
A phase I trial of PRN1008, a novel reversible covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, in healthy volunteers (2017)

PRN1008 was safe and well-tolerated following oral administration, and achieved high, sustained levels of BTK occupancy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Devices Utilizing Free-space Optics on a Chip (2006)

In this paper we generalize this concept further by locally modulating the effective refractive index to engineer various optical device functionalities on a chip and demonstrate experimentally example devices validating this approach
Supplementary Table 5 from Molecular Profiling of Premalignant Lesions in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Identifies Mechanisms Involved in Stepwise Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 32KB, MYC activity prediction and its target genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of Gallium Telluride Crystals Grown from Graphite Crucible (2010)

In this work we investigated a new method of growing detector grade large GaTe layered chalcogenide single crystals. GaTe ingots (2" in diameter and about 10 cm in length) were grown by a novel method using graphite crucible by slow crystallization from melt of high purity (7N) Ga and Te precursors in argon atmosphere. GaTe samples from the monocrystalline area of the ingot have been cleaved mechanically and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis by x-rays (EDAX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission line matrix method (TLM), resistivity measurements using van der Pauw technique, Hall Effect and Capacitance-Voltage measurements. Our investigations reveal high potential for developing superior quality GaTe crystals using this growth technique for growing large volume inexpensive GaTe single crystals for nuclear radiation detectors.
Executing Data Integration Effectively and Efficiently Near the Memory (2021)

The article investigates the use of near-memory processing to perform data integration tasks. Based on the observation that most data integration workloads have regular memory access patterns and varying computation intensities, the authors develop a near-memory processing architecture to accelerate the execution of data transformation workloads and reduce their energy needs.