gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Antithrombin Peptides from the Saliva of Malaysian Leeches (2014)

Purpose: To isolate and characterize the antithrombin compounds of Malaysian leeches’ saliva collection (LSC) for use as anticoagulant proteins and peptides.Method: Reversed phase - high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to isolate all proteins from LSC. All isolated proteins were tested for anticoagulant activity by applying two tests, thrombin time test and the inhibition of the amidolytic activity of thrombin on the chromogenic substrate (S-2238). The molecular weights of isolated active compounds were identified using tricine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE).Results: More than 40 proteins were isolated from LSC using RP-HPLC. Two compounds (protein 1 and protein 2) were found to be active as they increased thrombin time by 30.26 and 36.75%, respectively and inhibited the amidolytic activity of thrombin. as evaluated by measuring the conversion of the chromogenic substrate (S-2238). Decrease in the conversion of the substrate (S-2238) by 31.10 and 41.61%, respectively was observed. The molecular weights of the proteins (6.289 and 14.255 kDa, respectively) had no similarity with other leech species.Conclusion: Two antithrombin proteins with anticoagulant properties were isolated from the saliva of Malaysian leeches using one-step isolation procedure. The proteins did not show any similarity to previous isolated proteins from leech.Keywords: Leech, Saliva, Antithrombin, Anticoagulant, Peptides, Molecular weight
Introduction (1995)

Introductions| June 15 2010 Introduction Subject Area: Nephrology Terry B. Strom Terry B. Strom Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Blood Purif (1995) 13 (1-2): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000170188 Article history Published Online: June 15 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Terry B. Strom; Introduction. Blood Purif 31 December 1995; 13 (1-2): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000170188 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBlood Purification Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1995Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Identification of 2‐Methylthio‐methylenethio‐N6‐(cis‐4‐hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine (msms2io6A37) as a Novel Modification at Adenosine 37 of tRNAs from Salmonella typhimurium (2023)

Post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA nucleotide are important determinants in folding, structure and function. We have successfully identified and characterized a new modified base named 2-methylthio-methylenethio-N<sup>6</sup> -(cis-4-hydroxyisopentenyl)adenosine, which is present at position 37 in some tRNAs. We also showed that this new modified adenosine is derived from the known 2-methylthio-methylenethio-N<sup>6</sup> -(isopentenyl)adenosine nucleoside by a catalytic cycle of the tRNA-diiron monooxygenase, MiaE, present in Salmonella typhimurium.
Optical Mapping Technique Applied to Biventricular Pacing: (2003)

Although it has been suggested that multisite ventricular pacing alleviates heart failure by restoring ventricular electrical synchronization, the respective roles of voltage output, interventricular delay, and pacing sites in the development of ventricular arrhythmias occurrence have not been studied during biventricular pacing or LV pacing. Voltage-sensitive dye was used in eight ischemic Langerdorff-perfused guinea pig hearts to measure ventricular activation times and examine conduction patterns during multisite pacing from three RV and four LV sites. The hearts were stained with di-4-ANEPPS and mapped with a 16 x 16 photodiode array at a resolution of 625 microns per diode. Isochronal maps of RV and LV activation were plotted. Ischemia was produced by gradually halving the perfusion output over 5 minutes. Pacing the RV apex and the base of the LV anterior wall was associated with the most homogeneous and rapid activation pattern (28 +/- 9 vs 41 +/- 12 ms with the other configurations, P < 0.01), and no inducible arrhythmia. In six hearts, ventricular tachycardia could be induced when pacing from the right and left free walls with 20 ms of interventricular delay, at six times the pacing threshold output. In four hearts, simultaneous RV and LV pacing at high voltage output induced ventricular fibrillation with complex three-dimensional propagation patterns, independently of the pacing sites. During biventricular pacing with ischemia, pacing at high voltage output with a long interventricular delay is likely to induce ventricular arrhythmias, particularly when left and right pacing results in a conduction pattern orthogonal to the ventricular myocardial fibers orientation.
MM-Based Solution for Partially Connected Hybrid Transceivers with Large Scale Antenna Arrays (2019)

In a mmWave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system employing a large-scale antenna array (LSAA), the hybrid transceivers are used to reduce the power consumption and the hardware cost. In a hybrid analog-digital (A/D) transceiver, the pre/post-processing operation splits into a lower-dimensional baseband (BB) pre/postcoder, followed by a network of analog phase shifters. Primarily two kinds of hybrid architectures are proposed in the literature to implement hybrid transceivers namely, the fully- connected and the partially-connected. Implementation of fully-connected architecture has higher hardware complexity, cost and power consumption in comparison with partially- connected. In this paper, we focus on partially- connected hybrid architecture and develop a low- complexity algorithm for transceiver design for a single user point-to-point mmWave MIMO system. The proposed algorithm utilizes the variable elimination (projection) and the minorization- maximization (MM) frameworks and has convergence guarantees to a stationary point. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is easily scalable for LSAA systems and achieves significantly improved performance in terms of the spectral efficiency (SE) of the system compared to the state-of-the-art solution.
Autonomous learning of a human body model (2011)

The problem of learning a generalizable model of the visual appearance of humans from video data is of major importance for computing systems interacting naturally with their users and other humans populating their environment. We propose a step towards automatic behavior understanding by integrating principles of Organic Computing into the posture estimation cycle, thereby relegating the need for human intervention while simultaneously raising the level of system autonomy. The system extracts coherent motion from moving upper bodies and autonomously decides about limbs and their possible spatial relationships. The models from many videos are integrated into meta-models, which show good generalization to different individuals, backgrounds, and attire. These models even allow robust interpretation of single video frames, where all temporal continuity is missing.
Optimal Power Flow as a Polynomial Optimization Problem (2015)

Formulating the alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) as a polynomial optimization problem makes it possible to solve large instances in practice and to guarantee asymptotic convergence in theory. We formulate the ACOPF as a degree-two polynomial program and study two approaches to solving it via convexifications. In the first approach, we tighten the first-order relaxation of the nonconvex quadratic program by adding valid inequalities. In the second approach, we exploit the structure of the polynomial program by using a sparse variant of Lasserre's hierarchy. This allows us to solve instances of up to 39 buses to global optimality and to provide strong bounds for the Polish network within an hour.
Thin-Film Crystalline-Silicon Solar Cells Based on a Seed Layer Approach: Comparison between Mono- and Polycrystalline-Silicon on Glass-Ceramic Substrates (2009)

Solar modules made from thin-film crystalline-silicon layers of high quality on glass substrates could lower the price of photovoltaic electricity substantially. One possibility is to use polycrystalline-silicon thin films, but the difficulty of this approach is to obtain a sufficiently high material quality and to achieve an effective passivation of the numerous grain boundaries. However, the utilization of a monocrystalline-silicon thin film instead of a polycrystalline-silicon layer should enable simpler device processes, higher process yield and a single-crystallike efficiency due to the intrinsic higher quality of the material. In this paper, 10-micron thin monocrystalline-silicon layers on transparent glass-ceramic substrates were made by epitaxial thickening of monocrystalline-silicon seed layers. By using a very simple cell structure that does not incorporate any light trapping features, we obtained silicon single-crystal solar cells on glass-ceramics with efficiencies of up to 7.5%. However, efficiencies above 9% should be realizable by simply improving the contacting scheme. In addition, by integrating an efficient light trapping scheme and by optimizing the minority carrier diffusion length, the efficiency potential could be as high as 15% for films with a thickness between five to ten microns on glass-ceramics.
How Elegant Code Evolves With Hardware: The Case Of Gaussian Elimination (2007)

T HE INCREASING AVAILABILITY OF ADVANCED-ARCHITECTURE COMPUTERS, AT AFFORDABLE COSTS, HAS had a significant effect on all spheres of scientific computation. In this chapter, we’ll show the need for designers of computing algorithms to make expeditious and substantial adaptations to algorithms, in reaction to architecture changes, by closely examining one simple but important algorithm in mathematical software: Gaussian elimination for the solution of linear systems of equations. At the application level, science has to be captured in mathematical models, which in turn are expressed algorithmically and ultimately encoded as software. At the software level, there is a continuous tension between performance and portability on the one hand, and understandability of the underlying code. We’ll examine these issues and look at tradeoffs that have been made over time. Linear algebra—in particular, the solution of linear systems of equations—lies at the heart of most calculations in scientific computing. This chapter focuses on some of the recent developments in linear algebra software designed to exploit advanced-architecture computers over the decades. There are two broad classes of algorithms: those for dense matrices and those for sparse matrices. A matrix is called sparse if it contains a substantial number of zero elements. For
Growth and characterization of metamorphic InAs/GaSb tunnel heterojunction on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (2016)

The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical transport characteristics of a metamorphic, broken-gap InAs/GaSb p-i-n tunnel diode structure, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs, were demonstrated. Precise shutter sequences were implemented for the strain-balanced InAs/GaSb active layer growth on GaAs, as corroborated by high-resolution X-ray analysis. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and detailed micrograph analysis demonstrated strain relaxation primarily via the formation of 90° Lomer misfit dislocations (MDs) exhibiting a 5.6 nm spacing and intermittent 60° MDs at the GaSb/GaAs heterointerface, which was further supported by a minimal lattice tilt of 180 arc sec observed during X-ray analysis. Selective area diffraction and Fast Fourier Transform patterns confirmed the full relaxation of the GaSb buffer layer and quasi-ideal, strain-balanced InAs/GaSb heteroepitaxy. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements demonstrated the optical band gap of the GaSb layer. Strong optical signal at room temperature from this structure supports a high-quality material synthesis. Current–voltage characteristics of fabricated InAs/GaSb p-i-n tunnel diodes measured at 77 K and 290 K demonstrated two bias-dependent transport mechanisms. The Shockley–Read–Hall generation–recombination mechanism at low bias and band-to-band tunneling transport at high bias confirmed the p-i-n tunnel diode operation. This elucidated the importance of defect control in metamorphic InAs/GaSb tunnel diodes for the implementation of low-voltage and high-performance tunnel field effect transistor applications.
Downregulation of KEAP1 in melanoma promotes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (2023)

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated efficacy in patients with melanoma, but many exhibit poor responses. Using single cell RNA sequencing of melanoma patient-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and functional characterization using mouse melanoma models, we show that the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway modulates sensitivity to ICB, independently of tumorigenesis. The NRF2 negative regulator, KEAP1, shows intrinsic variation in expression, leading to tumor heterogeneity and subclonal resistance.
Asymmetric Alkylations of a Sultam‐Derived Glycine Equivalent: Practical preparation of enantiomerically pure α‐amino acids (1994)

Abstract Alkylation of the chiral glycine derivative 2 with “activated” organohalides under ultrasound‐assisted phasetransfer catalysis or with activated and nonactivated organohalides in anhydrous medium provides (mostly crystalline) alkylation products 3 . Acidic hydrolysis of the pure products 3 gives (aminoacyl)sultams 4 which by mild saponification furnish pure α‐amino acids 5 in good overall yields from 2 , along with recovered auxiliary 1 ( Scheme 1 ). Pure ω‐protected α,ω‐diamino acids and α‐amino‐ω‐(hydroxyamino)acids 12–16 are readily accessible from (ω‐haloacyl)sultams 3 via reaction with N‐nucleophiles followed by acidic and basic hydrolyses ( Scheme 2 ). A reliable determination of the enantiomeric purity of α‐amino acids using HPLC analysis of their N ‐(3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl)prolyl derivatives 17 is presented.
Risk factors of poor bowel preparation before colonoscopy: a retrospective cohort study (2022)

Abstract Background: Colonoscopy is the standard and most effective screening tool for colonic diseases and the accuracy of colonoscopy depends on the quality of bowel preparation. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for poor bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who underwent colonoscopy from January 2018 to December 2018 were included. Polyethylene Glycol Electrolytes Powder (Ⅳ) + simethicone was used for bowel preparation. Patient- and procedure-related parameters were recorded. The primary outcome was the quality of bowel preparation. Risk factors for poor bowel preparation were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 6720 patients were included in the present study. The mean age of these patients was 49.69±12.96 years old. There were 3467 (51.59%) males. Inadequate bowel preparation was found in 233 (12.37%), 139 (6.42%), 131 (6.96%), 68 (8.6%) patients in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. On the multivariate analysis, age, sex, inpatient status and the season when colonoscopy was performed were the independent risk factors for poor bowel preparation. Using winter as a reference, patients in spring had a worse bowel preparation, while patients in summer were more easily to have adequate colon preparation. There is no statistically significant difference between bowel preparation in autumn. Conclusions: Male, inpatient status and spring season were the independent risk factors for poor bowel preparation. Compared with autumn and summer, patients in spring may need intensive bowel preparation. Male patients and inpatients should receive more enhanced instructions for bowel preparation.
Optical properties of InGaN based multiple quantum wells on low threading dislocation density GaN films fabricated by air‐bridged lateral epitaxial growth (2003)

We have systematically studied radiative and nonradiative recombination processes by time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) measurements in InGaN based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with various In content or Si doping conditions of barrier layers on low-threading dislocaton (TD) density GaN films fabricated by (ABLEG). Temperature dependences of PL decay times and PL intensities indicate that the localization of photo-excited carriers and the nonradiative recombination process are suppressed by using Si-doped InGaN barriers in InGaN based MQWs on low TD density ABLEG-GaN films.
Regulation of Glycogen Phosphorylase and Glycogen Synthase by Adrenalin in Soleus Muscle of Phosphorylase-Kinase-Deficient Mice (2005)

Mixed skeletal muscles of ICR/IAn mice contain 0.2% of the phosphorylase kinase activity found in C3H/He-mg mice at pH 8.2 in the presence of Ca2+. This lack of activity is caused by the absence of the normal phosphorylase kinase protein (Cohen, P. T. W. et al. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 66, 347–356). The trace residual activity in ICR/IAn mice has quite different properties from the normal enzyme. It has a much higher activity ratio (pH 6.8/8.2), its activity is less dependent on Ca2+ and it is not activated by cyclicAMP-dependent protein kinase or by trypsin. Its elution behaviour on Sepharose 413 also differs from the normal enzyme. A consequence of the higher activity ratio (pH 6.8/8.2) and decreased effect of Ca2+, is that mixed skeletal muscles of ICR/IAn mice contain 7% of normal activity at pH 6.8 in the absence of Ca2+. The activity of phosphorylase kinase in C3H/He-mg control mice is sixfold lower in red oxidative (soleus) muscle and 15-fold lower in cardiac muscle than in mixed skeletal muscle. In contrast, the trace residual activity in ICR/IAn mice is present at the same level in soleus muscle, cardiac muscle and mixed skeletal muscle. Soleus muscles of ICR/IAn mice therefore contain 1.5% of normal activity at pH 8.2 in the presence of Ca2+ and 30% of normal activity at pH 6.8 in the absence of Ca2+. Cardiac muscle contains 6% of normal activity at pH 8.2 in the presence of Ca2+ and 60% of normal activity at pH 6.8 in the absence of Ca2+. When isolated soleus muscles were incubated with adrenalin, the level of phosphorylase a in ICR/IAn mice rose from 2.8% in the absence to 5.7% in the presence of the hormone. In contrast, the level of phosphorylase a in normal mice varied from 2.4% to 11.1% in the absence of adrenalin, and increased to 17.7–23.9% in the presence of the hormone. It is concluded that the trace phosphorylase kinase activity in ICR/IAn mice is capable of phosphorylating phosphorylase b in vivo and that this enzyme is responsible for the very low level of phosphorylase a in resting soleus muscle of ICR/IAn mice, and perhaps even in normal mice. Since the residual enzyme cannot be activated by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, the elevation of phosphorylase a by adrenalin may be caused by an inhibition of phosphorylase phosphatase. The possibility that this occurs through the activation of protein phosphatase inhibitor 1 by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase is discussed. Incubation of soleus muscles with adrenalin decreased the activity ratio (+ glucose 6-phosphate) of glycogen synthase from 0.24 to 0.08 in ICR/IAn mice and 0.31 to 0.14 in C3H/He-mg or Swiss albino mice. These results demonstrate that the inactivation of glycogen synthase by adrenalin in resting soleus muscle does not result from the activation of phosphorylase kinase by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. It is most likely mediated by a direct phosphorylation catalysed by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, although the activation of protein phosphatase inhibitor 1 may also contribute to the effect.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Application of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene Ligands: Increased Efficiency in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions by Electronic Tuning (2010)

Liganden nach Wunsch: Eine Serie von bicyclischen 1,4-Dimethyl[2.2.2]dien-Liganden mit flexibler Substitution in der Brücke ist durch Lipase-katalysierte Racematspaltung mit anschließender sechsstufiger Reaktionssequenz zugänglich. Die Methylgruppen am Brückenkopf führen zu einer erhöhten Reaktionseffizienz, wodurch in der Titelreaktion weniger Arylboronsäure nötig ist. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In Vitro Structure−Activity Relationship and in Vivo Studies for a Novel Class of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors:  5-Aryl-2,2-dialkyl-4-phenyl-3(2H)furanone Derivatives (2004)

5-Aryl-2,2-dialkyl-4-phenyl-3(2H)furanone derivatives were studied as a novel class of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with regard to synthesis, in vitro SAR, antiinflammatory activities, pharmacokinetic considerations, and gastric safety. 1f, a representative compound for methyl sulfone derivatives, showed a COX-2 IC(50) comparable to that of rofecoxib. In case of 20b, a representative compound for sulfonamide derivatives, a potent antiinflammatory ED(50) of 0.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) was observed against adjuvant-induced arthritis by a preventive model, positioning 20b as one of the most potent COX-2 inhibitors ever reported. Furthermore, 20b showed strong analgesic activity as indicated by its ED(50) of 0.25 mg/kg against carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia in the Sprague-Dawley rat. 3(2H)Furanone derivatives showed due gastric safety profiles as selective COX-2 inhibitors upon 7-day repeat dosing. A highly potent COX-2 inhibitor of the 3(2H)furanone scaffold could be considered suitable for a future generation COX-2 selective arthritis medication with improved safety profiles.