gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Selection via a Spectral Approach (2006)

Array technologies have made it possible to record simultaneously the expression pattern of thousands of genes. A fundamental problem in the analysis of gene expression data is the identification of highly relevant genes that either discriminate between phenotypic labels or are important with respect to the cellular process studied in the experiment. Examples include: cell cycle or heat shock in yeast experiments, chemical or genetic perturbations of mammalian cell lines, and genes involved in class discovery for human tumors. We focus on the task of unsupervised gene selection. Selecting a small subset of genes is particularly challenging as the data sets involved are typically characterized by a small sample size and a very large feature space. We propose a model independent approach which scores candidate gene selections using spectral properties of the candidate af?nity matrix. The algorithm is simple to implement, yet contains a number of remarkable properties which guarantee consistent sparse selections. We applied our algorithm on five different data sets. The first consists of time course data from four well studied Hematopoietic cell lines (HL-60, Jurkat, NB4, and U937). The other four data sets include three well studied treatment outcomes (large cell lymphoma, childhood medulloblastomas, breast tumors) and one unpublished data set (lymph status). We compared our approach both with other unsupervised methods (SOM,PCA,GS) and with supervised methods (SNR,RMB,RFE). The results show that our approach considerably outperforms all the other unsupervised approaches in our study, is competitive with supervised methods and in some cases even outperforms supervised approaches.
Semi-Supervised Semantic Tagging of Conversational Understanding using Markov Topic Regression (2013)

Finding concepts in natural language utterances is a challenging task, especially given the scarcity of labeled data for learning semantic ambiguity. Furthermore, data mismatch issues, which arise when the expected test (target) data does not exactly match the training data, aggravate this scarcity problem. To deal with these issues, we describe an efficient semisupervised learning (SSL) approach which has two components: (i) Markov Topic Regression is a new probabilistic model to cluster words into semantic tags (concepts). It can efficiently handle semantic ambiguity by extending standard topic models with two new features. First, it encodes word n-gram features from labeled source and unlabeled target data. Second, by going beyond a bag-of-words approach, it takes into account the inherent sequential nature of utterances to learn semantic classes based on context. (ii) Retrospective Learner is a new learning technique that adapts to the unlabeled target data. Our new SSL approach improves semantic tagging performance by 3 % absolute over the baseline models, and also compares favorably on semi-supervised syntactic tagging. 1
Predicting Level Of Fouling Using Neural Network Approach (2023)

Physical fouling models provide tremendous insight about the parameters and variables, which play critical role in fouling growth. However due to time-dependent uncertainties of properties and operating conditions, as well as the complexities of some industrial fouling environment, it is quite difficult to make accurate prediction of fouling at a certain time. The uncertainties of fouling process can be incorporated in fouling prediction models by using a stochastic process formulation. These approaches &#91;1-3&#93;, needs several replicate measurements of fouling at various time intervals to properly formulate a stochastic fouling process model. In this paper another promising approach using artificial intelligence will be illustrated to make accurate fouling predictions at a given time. The Neural Network has been widely used in various branches of engineering. We believe that this is a quite an attractive way to accurately predict the future fouling from the historical fouling data. This approach becomes extremely attractive in many complex situations where the physical models fail to provide the adequate results. The Neural Network can initially be trained on a limited data. As additional data and other relevant information is available a better and better prediction is possible. It is expected that a properly predicting Neural Network can be a powerful tool that a maintenance engineer can use to schedule cleaning of heat exchangers. In this regard, we will use fouling data from different sources to demonstrate the use of Neural Network technique to predict the time-dependent performance of a heat exchanger subject to fouling.
The final fate of NHC stabilized dicarbon (2017)

Abstract In this paper we report the outcome of the reduction of NHC stabilized acetylenic dications, [NHC-C n -NHC] 2+ for n=2 and 4. The target compounds were NHC stabilized di- and tetracarbon in the form of NHC-C n -NHC. However, upon chemical reduction, decomposition ensues with release of the free NHC. This effect is also observed in electrochemical studies. This lends credence to Bestman’s hypothesis that two donor ligands cannot stabilize C n for n=even numbers.
Vad är IT-kompetens : Ur åtta rektorers perspektiv (2006)

IT-utvecklingen i skolan har gått framåt mycket under det sena 90-talet. Detta har medfört att man på senare tid fört upp till diskussion att vi nu behöver föra in ytterligare en kompetens bland lärare och elever, nämligen IT-kompetens. Vi såg det därmed som intressant att undersöka vad rektorer på olika skolor anser att IT-kompetens är för något, för att jämföra detta med vad de nationella måldo-kument, övriga politiska dokument och olika IT-projekt menar att IT-kompetens är. Uppsatsen är av en kvalitativ karaktär och består dels av en litteraturstudie och dels en undersökning i form av åtta stycken intervjuer. Vår referensram bygger på politiska dokument och nationella måldokument som skriver något kring IT-kompetens i skolan. Vi har även tittat på två stora IT-projekt inom skolan, nämligen ITiS (IT i Skolan) och KK (Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling), för att se vad dessa skriver om IT-kompetens i skolan. IT-kompetens är ett begrepp som har diskuterats mycket på sistone. I intervjuerna framkom det att rektorerna, sinsemellan, inte alltid hade samma tolkningar gällandes vad begreppet innebar. Vad gäll-er jämförelsen mellan rektorernas tolkningar och vad de nationella måldokumenten, övriga politiska dokument och olika IT-projekt säger så finns det både överensstämmande tolkningar samt icke överensstämmande tolkningar. För att få en mer enhetlig uppfattning kring vad begreppet innebär krävs det mer förtydligande måldokument.
Amifostine protects primitive hematopoietic progenitors against chemotherapy cytotoxicity. (1996)

Controlled clinical trials indicate that amifostine (WR-2721, Ethyol) confers protection from the cumulative hematologic toxicities associated with alkylating agents and organoplatinums. To determine whether amifostine protects primitive hematopoietic progenitors from the cytotoxicity of functionally diverse antineoplastics, formation of the multipotent hematopoietic progenitors colony-forming units-granulocyte-erythroid, macrophage, megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM) and erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) was evaluated using a clonogenic progenitor inhibition assay. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from normal donors were subjected to a 15-minute exposure of medium, amifostine (500 micromol/L), or WR-1065 (100 micromol/L at concentrations approximating peak plasma levels, washed twice, then treated with the antineoplastic for 1 to 6 hours. Colony growth was scored after 14 days of incubation. Amifostine conferred protection against a broader range of antineoplastics than did WR-1065. Amifostine protected CFU-GEMM against cytotoxicity from daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, and paclitaxel (range, 1.29- to 9.57-fold) (P < .05) but did not afford protection against cisplatin, diaziquone, or thiotepa. Similarly, amifostine protected BFU-E against toxicity from doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and diaziquone, yielding 3.4- to 65-fold greater colony recovery compared with controls. The high degree of cytoprotection afforded by amifostine derived largely from stimulation of progenitor growth at sublethal chemotherapy concentrations. In the absence of antineoplastic exposure, preincubation with amifostine or WR-1065 enhanced the colony-forming capacity of bone marrow progenitors from six normal donors, increasing recovery of CFU-GEMM and BFU-E up to sevenfold. We conclude that amifostine protects primitive hematopoietic progenitors from a wide range of antineoplastics. This broad hemoprotective effect derives in part from inherent trophic effects on progenitor growth and survival.
Efficient Convex Optimization on GPUs for Embedded Model Predictive Control (2017)

GPU applications have traditionally run on PCs or in larger scale systems. With the introduction of the Tegra line of mobile processors, NVIDIA expanded the types of systems that can exploit the massive parallelism offered by GPU computing architectures. In this paper, we evaluate the suitability of the Tegra X1 processor as a platform for embedded model predictive control. MPC relies on the real time solution of a convex optimization problem to compute the control input(s) to a system. Relative to traditional control techniques such as PID, MPC is very computationally demanding. Quadratic programming algorithms for the solution of convex optimization problems generally lend themselves to parallelization. However, until the introduction of the Tegra, there has never been an off-the-shelf embedded processor that would enable a massively parallel embedded implementation.
Improved fairness algorithms for rings with spatial reuse (1997)

Ring network architectures that employ spatial reuse permit concurrent transmissions of messages over different links. While spatial reuse increases network throughput, it may also cause starvation of nodes. To alleviate this problem, various policies have been suggested in the literature. In this paper, we concentrate on a class of such policies that achieves fairness by allocating transmission quotas to nodes. For such policies, we provide mechanisms for improving delays and increasing overall throughput without compromising fairness.
A 350-mV 2.4-GHz quadrature oscillator with nearly instantaneous start-up using series LC tanks (2017)

We propose a ring-based quadrature LC-tank oscillator for Internet-of-Things (IoT) that can operate under a 350-mV supply voltage of energy harvesters. The oscillator is based on a series LC tank, with additional control circuitry to realize a nearly instantaneous start-up of one/two RF cycles to facilitate a deeply duty-cycled burst-mode operation of IoT. Fabricated in TSMC 28nm CMOS, the prototype consumes less than 1.3mW from 350mV supply and 0.07mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in area, while achieving phase noise of better than -118dBc/Hz @3MHz. Frequency tuning range is 2.24~2.61GHz.
Throttled Performance of the SPT-140 Hall Thruster (2014)

Since 2006, JPL has investigated many different commercially-available electric thruster systems for application to deep-space missions. The 4.5-kW SPT-140 Hall thruster system, now under qualification by SSL for communications satellites, carries significant heritage to SSL’s successful SPT-100 system and is attractive for many types of NASA missions. The SPT-140 qualification program is based on commercial mission requirements, however, and does not address the power throttling requirements typically needed for deep-space missions. In order to evaluate the potential of the system, a preliminary investigation of the throttled performance was conducted with a development model thruster, DM4. The thruster was operated at powers of 225 W to 6000 W to assess its performance and stability characteristics. Magnet tunings were performed across the throttle range. Performance data including thrust, specific impulse, and thruster efficiency are presented; at the 300 V, 15 A operating condition these were 281 mN, 1820 s, and 55%, respectively. Discharge current oscillations were typically 1% to 8% of the mean discharge current, and nearly independent of discharge current and voltage. Thruster operation was stable at very low powers although cathode-to-ground voltages become increasingly negative at powers less than 1000 W. This effect was mitigated by the application of additional cathode flow and cathode keeper current. Overall it was determined that the SPT-140 thruster is a viable candidate for NASA science missions and further investigation of the system is warranted.
Risk factors for short- and long-term complications after groin surgery in vulvar cancer (2011)

Our analysis shows that patient characteristics, extension of surgery and postoperative management influence short- and/or long-term complications after inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in vulvar SCC patients. Further research of postoperative management is necessary to analyse possibilities to decrease the complication rate of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy; although the sentinel lymph node procedure appears to be a promising technique, in 50% of the patients an inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy is still indicated.
From Chip to Cooling Tower Data Center Modeling: Influence of Air-Stream Containment on Operating Efficiency (2011)

In the drive to enhance data center energy efficiency, much attention has been placed on the prospect of airflow containment in hot-aisle cold-aisle raised floor arrangements. Such containment prevents airflow recirculation, eliminating the mixing effects of the hot and cold air streams that can cause an undesirable temperature rise at the inlet of the equipment racks. The intuitive assessment of the industry has been that the elimination of such mixing effects increases the energy efficiency of the data center cooling system by enabling delivery of air at higher inlet temperatures, thus reducing the amount of infrastructure cooling required. This paper employs an end-to-end modeling approach to analyze the effect of air stream containment in the computer room and its impact on the holistic system efficiency. Dimensionless heat index parameters are employed to characterize the effects of containment, recirculation and mixing within the computer room environment. The extent of recirculation is shown to primarily influence the operation of the rack and CRAC level cooling systems, with the chiller systems also impacted. The overall effect on the complete cooling system performance and data center efficiency requires balancing of these effects. Through this model analysis, it is shown that containment may negatively impact overall energy efficiency in some circumstances, and that recirculation may actually be beneficial to overall energy efficiency under certain system dependent operating thresholds.
P69: Extracting mural and volumetric growth patterns of platelet aggregates on engineered surfaces by use of an entity tracking algorithm (2022)

Purpose of study: We developed an image tracking technique to videos of thrombus formation on two engineered surfaces to evince physical phenomena that image-averaged readouts miss. Methods: Fluorescent platelet samples were labeled with mepacrine and perfused across PDMS microfluidic channels bonded to a collagen-coated substrate or clamped to a roughened Ti6Al4V surface. Local shear rates generated in each system were 4000 s-1 and 2000 s-1, respectively Platelet samples were then perfused across each channel, and fluorescence images were taken every second for 15 minutes. After binarization, each detected object was assigned an index value, and its centroid and area were recorded. Five distinct thrombotic events are categorized: entity growth/reduction, nucleation, aggregation, fragmentation, and removal (Figure 1). These events are categorized through a combination of pairwise minimal centroid distance mappings and consecutive frame connectivity calculations. After tracking, ensemble-averaged readouts were plotted and compared to image-averaged readouts. Results: Comparison of bulk-averaged metrics between the two systems leads to misinformation on the thrombotic conditions. From Figure 2, the two thrombotic systems appear thrombogenically similar, with a lag time for platelet deposition being the only notable difference. However, from Figure 3, when thrombosis is reported as ensemble averages, we unveil obscured dynamic thrombotic events by deconvolving thrombus evolution from the chronology of image capture. This results in corrections for bulk measurement conflation of late-forming aggregates with long-lived aggregate and clarification of thrombus stability and embolization.
Bacteriophage endolysin powders for inhaled delivery against pulmonary infections (2023)

Endolysins are bacteriophage-encoded enzymatic proteins that have great potential to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriophage endolysins Cpl-1 and ClyJ-3 have shown promising antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which causes pneumonia in humans. This is the first study to investigate the feasibility of spray-dried endolysins Cpl-1 and ClyJ-3 with excipients to produce inhalable powders. The two endolysins were individually tested with leucine and sugar (lactose or trehalose) for spray drying method followed by characterization of biological and physico-chemical properties. A complete loss of ClyJ-3 bioactivity was observed after atomization of the liquid feed solution（before the drying process）, while Cpl-1 maintained its bioactivity in the spray-dried powders. Cpl-1 formulations containing leucine with lactose or trehalose showed promising physico-chemical properties (particle size, crystallinity, hygroscopicity, etc.) and aerosol performances (fine particle fraction values above 65%). The results indicated that endolysin Cpl-1 can be formulated as spray dried powders suitable for inhaled delivery to the lungs for the potential treatment of pulmonary infections.
Advance of dual-layer blue optical disk with (Ge,Sn)Te-Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ memory films (2003)

The requirements for dual layer optical disc from the view point of optical property were reviewed and practical approaches were demonstrated. It was experimentally confirmed that our new rewritable blue dual-layer optical disk with (Ge,Sn)Te-Sb/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ films shows high record-read performance for 50GB//spl phi/ 120mm capacity and a high data rate of 35Mbps with sufficient feasibility.
Progress toward Understanding Zeolite .beta. Acidity: An IR and 27Al NMR Spectroscopic Study (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProgress toward Understanding Zeolite .beta. Acidity: An IR and 27Al NMR Spectroscopic StudyI. Kiricsi, C. Flego, G. Pazzuconi, W. O. Jr. Parker, R. Millini, C. Perego, and G. BellussiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 17, 4627–4634Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100068a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100068a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2355Altmetric-Citations308LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Learning to see in depth (2022)

Stereopsis provides us with a vivid impression of the depth and distance of objects in our 3- dimensional world. Stereopsis is important for a number of everyday visual tasks, including (but not limited to) reaching and grasping, fine visuo-motor control, and navigating in our world. This review briefly discusses the neural substrate for normal binocular vision and stereopsis and its development in primates; outlines some of the issues and limitations of stereopsis tests and examines some of the factors that limit the typical development of stereopsis and the causes and consequences of stereo-deficiency and stereo-blindness. Finally, we review several approaches to improving or recovering stereopsis in both neurotypical individuals and those with stereo-deficiency and stereo-blindness and outline some emerging strategies for improving stereopsis.
Channelized front ends for broadband analog &amp; RF signal processing with merged LO synthesis (2009)

Frequency domain processing of broadband signals that relies on decomposing the incident spectrum into multiple channels for digitization is an attractive alternative to time-domain processing. Channelized architectures can be utilized for several analog and RF signal processing tasks, such as data conversion, broadband radio receivers and spectrum analysis. A channelized front end based on cascaded image-reject stages which significantly simplifies the frequency synthesis requirement in such architectures is proposed in this paper. Analog non-idealities in such front ends are discussed.
Crystallization of ZrO2-nucleated MgO/Al2O3/SiO2 glasses – a TEM study (2014)

Hypotheses concerning possible crystallization mechanisms in nanocrystal-bearing MgO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrO<sub>2</sub> glass-ceramics, analyzed with XRD and analytical TEM techniques, are discussed.
A Highly Active Anilinoperinaphthenone-Based Neutral Nickel(II) Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization (2002)

A general synthetic route for the preparation of 2-anilinoperinaphthenones is reported. 2-(2,6-Dimethylanilino)perinaphthenone (4a) and 2-(2,6-diisopropylanilino)perinaphthenone (4b) are used as ligands for the corresponding neutral nickel(II) complexes [[(2,6-Me2C6H3)NC13H7O]Ni(Ph)(PPh3)] (5a) and [[(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NC13H7O]Ni(Ph)(PPh3)] (5b). The key features of these nickel complexes are a hindered N-aryl ring, a five-membered-ring nickel chelate, and an anionic N-donor moiety. Complexes 5a,b are active, but short-lived, ethylene polymerization catalysts with turnover numbers in excess of 60 000 mol ethylene/mol catalyst. Polymer branching is controlled by variation of temperature and pressure. A correlation between ethylene pressure and polymer molecular weight suggests that chain transfer occurs by a β-hydride elimination pathway. Finally, decomposition of 5b to free ligand is observed under the polymerization conditions employed.
Linking Sensory Descriptors to Volatile and Nonvolatile Components of Fresh Tomato Flavor (2003)

ABSTRACT: Twelve tomato selections were evaluated for their flavor components using sensory and chemical/instrumental measurements. Regression analysis was performed to develop prediction models for the sensory descriptors. Significant prediction models were obtained for most descriptors. Both volatile and nonvolatile flavor components influenced the aromatic descriptors, but the volatile components provided more consistent relationships. Sucrose equivalents provided more significant correlations with descriptors than did soluble solids. Tomatoes described as full flavored by the breeder were characterized by higher sugars, soluble solids, aromatic volatile compounds, and lower amounts of organic acids than those considered to be of poorer flavor by the breeder. These data provide quantitative linkages of aromatic volatile compounds, sugars, and acids with specific flavor notes.