gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Science and Urban Life: Enter the Automobile. Lesson Plan for Grades 9 and 10 (2003)

The lesson plan is designed to teach students about the invention of the automobile and its impact on history. This lesson plan was part of the Gateway to Dayton Teaching American History: Citizenship, Creativity, and Invention project which was sponsored by the Ohio Humanities Council and was a National Endowment for the Humanities We The People project. This lesson plan was created between 2003-2005.
<title>Control of lesion geometry using asymmetric beams for ultrasonic tumor therapy</title> (1998)

This report describes ultrasonic transducers that are designed to expedite thermal-necrosis treatment of tumors, particularly in the eye. The spherical-cap transducers employ pairs of parallel strip-electrodes to generate focal-zone beam patterns that are narrow in one direction and exhibit a number ofprominent lobes over a larger width in the orthogonal direction. Diffraction analysis and thermal modelling are employed to derive information for designing such asymmetric beams and producing continuous, asymmetric thermal lesions within tumors. Compared with typical ellipsoidal lesions, the "chicklet" shaped lesions produced by these beams permit a larger tissue volume to be treated as the transducer is scanned across a tumor. This fact can reduce the number ofscans required to treat entire tumors and may significantly reduce overall clinical treatment times. Keywords: ultrasonic therapy, ultrasonic transducers, thermal modelling, thermal necrosis, high-intensity focused ultrasound
Search for the Decays Bs0→τ+τ− and B0→τ+τ− (2017)

A search for the rare decays B_{s}^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-} and B^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-} is performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1} collected in 2011 and 2012. The τ leptons are reconstructed through the decay τ^{-}→π^{-}π^{+}π^{-}ν_{τ}. Assuming no contribution from B^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-} decays, an upper limit is set on the branching fraction B(B_{s}^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-})<6.8×10^{-3} at the 95% confidence level. If instead no contribution from B_{s}^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-} decays is assumed, the limit is B(B^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-})<2.1×10^{-3} at the 95% confidence level. These results correspond to the first direct limit on B(B_{s}^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-}) and the world's best limit on B(B^{0}→τ^{+}τ^{-}).
Fibulin-3 fragments (FIB3-1 and FIB3-2) are potential new biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis (2011)

peer reviewed
In Vitro and In Vivo Silencing of the Androgen Receptor (2011)

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in the progression of prostate cancer from the androgen-dependent to the castration-resistant state, making it a potential target for therapy. In this chapter, we describe the preparation and use of sublines of LNCaP and C4-2 human prostate cancer cells which have been engineered to stably express a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible AR shRNA in order to study the in vitro and in vivo effects of AR knockdown.
Reactions at the interfaces of thin films of Y-Ba-Cu- and Zr-oxides with Si substrates (1991)

Thin films were deposited by pulsed uv-laser (ablation) deposition of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x (YBCO), and composite zirconia and yttria targets onto silicon wafers. These films were analyzed to ascertain the chemical and physical structure of the film interfaces and further the development of Si substrates for superconducting YBCO films. Substrates were Si(100) with either a high-quality, thermal oxide (SiO2) film, or a spin-etch processed, oxide-free, hydrogen-terminated surface (Si:H). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Y, Ba, Cu, and Si core levels revealed adverse reactions for thin (nominally 2 nm) YBCO films deposited directly onto either substrate surface. The surfaces of thicker YBCO films (50–100 nm) and various oxide powders were compared with XPS results from these thin films. The thicker-film surfaces are similar to those of fractured bulk YBCO, while the thin YBCO films decomposed, as evidenced by changes in the Ba and Cu XPS. The Si XPS on these films showed the formation of metal-silicate compounds, even at deposition substrate temperatures of 550 °C, and silica (SiO2), especially for 670 °C deposition. A direct consequence of these reactions is that growth of high-quality epitaxial YBCO on Si will require the use of a buffer film. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) shows considerable promise for use as a buffer, and XPS of thin films (4 and 8 nm thick) of ZrO2 on SiO2/Si and YSZ on Si:H substrates did not show any indication of decomposition, even at deposition temperatures near 800 °C. Transmission electron microscopy of cross-sectioned samples of YBCO/YSZ/Si showed that the lower YSZ interface is rough on the preoxidized (SiO2/Si) substrates but atomically sharp on the spin-etched Si wafers (Si:H). These sharp YSZ interfaces showed the presence of 3–5 nm of regrown oxide (SiOx ) next to the crystalline Si substrate. This regrown oxide was observed in samples deposited under a variety of conditions.
Sepsis induces changes in the expression and distribution of Toll-like receptor 4 in the rat kidney (2005)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are now recognized as the major receptors for microbial pathogens on cells of the innate immune system. Recently, TLRs were also identified in many organs including the kidney. However, the cellular distribution and role of these renal TLRs remain largely unknown. In this paper, we investigated the expression of TLR4 in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in Sprague-Dawley rats utilizing fluorescence microscopy. In sham animals, TLR4 was expressed predominantly in Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)-positive tubules. In CLP animals, TLR4 expression increased markedly in all tubules (proximal and distal), glomeruli, and the renal vasculature. The staining showed a strong apical distribution in all tubules. A moderately less intense cellular signal colocalized partially with the Golgi apparatus. In addition, kidneys from septic rats showed increased expression of CD14 and THP. They each colocalized strongly with TLR4, albeit in different tubular segments. We also imaged the kidneys of live septic animals with two-photon microscopy after fluorescent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Within 10 min, LPS was seen at the brush border of some proximal tubules. Within 60 min, LPS was fully cytoplasmic in proximal tubules. Conversely, distal tubules showed no LPS uptake. We conclude that TLR4, CD14, and THP have specific renal cellular and tubular expression patterns that are markedly affected by sepsis. Systemic endotoxin can freely access the tubular and cellular sites where these proteins are present. Therefore, locally expressed TLRs and other interacting proteins could potentially modulate the renal response to systemic sepsis.
Uncertainty Quantification Techniques for Sensor Calibration Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plants (2013)

This report describes the status of ongoing research towards the development of advanced algorithms for online calibration monitoring. The objective of this research is to develop the next generation of online monitoring technologies for sensor calibration interval extension and signal validation in operating and new reactors. These advances are expected to improve the safety and reliability of current and planned nuclear power systems as a result of higher accuracies and increased reliability of sensors used to monitor key parameters. The focus of this report is on documenting the outcomes of the first phase of R&D under this project, which addressed approaches to uncertainty quantification (UQ) in online monitoring that are data-driven, and can therefore adjust estimates of uncertainty as measurement conditions change. Such data-driven approaches to UQ are necessary to address changing plant conditions, for example, as nuclear power plants experience transients, or as next-generation small modular reactors (SMR) operate in load-following conditions.
Digital-signal-processing-aided ultra-high-speed radio-over-fiber technology for highly resilient mobile backhaul (2012)

This paper describes a scenario of highly resilient mobile backhaul using the radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology. RoF-based millimeter-wave high-speed transmission is useful for quick recovery from severe physical damage of the network infrastructure. As a possible approach, we demonstrated polarization division multiplexing optical and 2×2 multi-input multi-output radio seamless hybrid downlink transmission over 20-km-long standard single mode fiber and 0.9-m free space with a digital signal processing technique for the 10-Gbaud QPSK format.
Cell Adhesion Molecules and Signal Transduction. (1995)

細胞接着分子 (CAM) は、細胞増殖や個体発生の重要な過程で、特に神経系において重要な役割を果している。この総説では、細胞接着分子であるカドヘリン、インテグリンおよび免疫グロブリンスーパーファミリーとさまざまなシグナル伝達系との関係に関する証拠を対象とする。また、CAMの働きは細胞接着や移動を調節するだけでなく、細胞増殖や分化因子に対する応答も直接調節する。この総説は神経誘導、神経芽細胞の移動、軸索の成長と誘導およびミエリン化のような、神経系における多くの発生過程の調節で、CAMとそのシグナル伝達系の果たしている役割に関する知見に焦占を合わせている。
Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of an RNA pseudoknot that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (1996)

Crystals of a 26-nucleotide pseudoknot RNA, PK26, have been grown. The RNA was produced using phosphoramidite chemistry and was purified by denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The crystallization was robust with respect to changes in the number of nucleotides and to the salt used as precipitant. The crystals belong to space group P4(1)22 or P4(3)22 with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 61.6, c = 98.9 A. The best crystals diffract X-rays to 2.9 A. Three different sequences incorporating a single 5-bromo-deoxyuridine or 5-bromo-uridine nucleotide were also crystallized. Two of these derivatives are being used to determine the structure by multiple isomorphous replacement.
Body Site Is a More Determinant Factor than Human Population Diversity in the Healthy Skin Microbiome (2016)

We conclude that ethnicity and particular soap and shampoo practices are secondary factors compared to the ecological zone of the human body in determining cutaneous microbiota composition.
A metallurgical prescription for electromigration (EM) reliability improvment in scaled-down, Cu dual damascene interconnects (2006)

Electromigration (EM)-derived, void-nucleation and its growth have been investigated in 65-nm node, dual damascene interconnects (DDIs), and the effects of impurity-doping as well as adhesion-strength to SiCN-capping layer (CAP) are discussed regarding the EM-reliability improvement. It is found that reductive surface-treatment of Cu line improves the adhesion to the SiCN-CAP, elongating the incubation time of voiding at the via-bottom. The Al-doping is effective in suppressions both of the void nucleation and the growth, or the drift velocity. Consequently, the Al-doped, dilute Cu-alloy with the strong interface of the Cu/CAP improves the EM lifetime by 50 times refer to that of the conventional pure-Cu. Blocking all migration paths in Cu DDIs is essential for the EM-reliability improvement in 65nm-node LSIs and beyond
Group testing for overlapping communities (2021)

In this paper, we propose algorithms that leverage a known community structure to make group testing more efficient. We consider a population organized in connected communities: each individual participates in one or more communities, and the infection probability of each individual depends on the communities (s)he participates in. Use cases include students who participate in several classes, and workers who share common spaces. Group testing reduces the number of tests needed to identify the infected individuals by pooling diagnostic samples and testing them together. We show that making testing algorithms aware of the community structure, can significantly reduce the number of tests needed both for adaptive and non-adaptive group testing.
Anesthetic Considerations in Takayasu Arteritis (1979)

Ramanathan, Sham MD; Gupta, Usha MD; Chalon, Jack MD; Turndorf, Herman MD Author Information
Polyomavirus Infection and Acute Vascular Rejection in a Kidney Allograft: Coincidence or Mimicry? (2003)

During the past decade, polyoma virus (PV) infection has emerged as an important cause of graft dysfunction and failure in kidney transplant recipients. Establishing the correct diagnosis can be difficult, however, because the histologic appearance of PV infection can resemble acute cellular rejection. We report a kidney-pancreas transplant recipient with PV infection, in whom both vascular and cellular rejection were dominant histologic features in a renal biopsy specimen. The patient was successfully managed by tapering immunosuppressive therapy, and continues to have good graft function 3 years after diagnosis of PV infection. This case highlights the spectrum of inflammatory changes associated with PV infection, and the need for caution when such changes are attributed to rejection.
Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant properties (1998)

International audience
How to Avoid Artifacts in Surface Photovoltage Measurements: A Case Study with Halide Perovskites (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTHow to Avoid Artifacts in Surface Photovoltage Measurements: A Case Study with Halide PerovskitesIgal Levine†, Gary Hodes†, Henry J. Snaith‡, and Pabitra K. Nayak*‡View Author Information† Department of Materials & Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100‡ Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3PU*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 13, 2941–2943Publication Date (Web):July 6, 2017Publication History Published online6 July 2017Published inissue 6 July 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01332https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01332editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2881Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (528 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Electrical conductivity,Heat transfer,Light,Materials,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
A hybrid local Born/Rytov Fourier migration method: Implementation of a stable scheme (1998)

Two efficient Fourier migration methods termed the extended local Born Fourier (ELBF) method and the extended Rytov Fourier (ELRF) method were developed recently for imaging 3D complex structures. They are based on local applications of Born and Rytov approximations within each marching interval. The ELBF method becomes unreliable when the lateral slowness variations are large and/or the frequency is high, while the ELRF method is reliable for these cases. However, the ELRF method is approximately 30--40% slower than the ELBF method because the ELRF method requires one more step where exponentials of complex numbers are calculated than the ELBF method during wave extrapolation within each marching interval. The authors investigate the stability condition of the ELBF method and propose an implementation scheme using variable marching intervals to make the ELBF method stable for all lateral slowness variations and frequencies. The variable marching interval depends on the lateral slowness variations within a given extrapolation region and the frequency, and consequently, the computational time of the ELBF with variable marching intervals increases with the lateral slowness variation and frequency. To take advantage of the faster computational speed of the ELBF method compared to the ELRF method and the better stability feature of the ELRF method than the ELBF method, the authors propose a hybrid local Born/Rytov Fourier migration method. In the hybrid method, the ELBF method is used for regions with small lateral slowness variations and/or low frequencies, otherwise, the ELRF method is used. Two synthetic datasets for complex structures are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the ELBF with variable marching intervals and the hybrid method for imaging complex structures with strong lateral slowness variations. Computational speeds of the split-step Fourier method, ELRF method, hybrid method, and ELBF method with single marching interval and variable marching intervals are compared with each other. The results demonstrate that the hybrid method can save more than 10% of the CPU time required by the ELRF method.
Stable Incretin Mimetics Counter Rapid Deterioration of Bone Quality in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2015)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk for bone fractures. Although bone mass is reduced, bone quality is also dramatically altered in this disorder. However, recent evidences suggest a beneficial effect of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) pathways on bone quality. The aims of the present study were to conduct a comprehensive investigation of bone strength at the organ and tissue level; and to ascertain whether enzyme resistant GIP or GLP-1 mimetic could be beneficial in preventing bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin-treated mice were used as a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Control and streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated for 21 days with an enzymatic-resistant GIP peptide ([D-Ala(2) ]GIP) or with liraglutide (each at 25 nmol/kg bw, ip). Bone quality was assessed at the organ and tissue level by microCT, qXRI, 3-point bending, qBEI, nanoindentation, and Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. [D-Ala2]GIP and liraglutide treatment did prevent loss of whole bone strength and cortical microstructure in the STZ-injected mice. However, tissue material properties were significantly improved in STZ-injected animals following treatment with [D-Ala2]GIP or liraglutide. Treatment of STZ-diabetic mice with [D-Ala(2) ]GIP or liraglutide was capable of significantly preventing deterioration of the quality of the bone matrix. Further studies are required to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and to validate whether these findings can be translated to human patients.
Ultrafast Measurements Using a Silicon- Chip-Based Temporal Lens (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Mark A. Foster, Reza Salem, David F. Geraghty, Amy C. Turner-Foster, Michal Lipson, and Alexander L. Gaeta, "Ultrafast Measurements Using a Silicon- Chip-Based Temporal Lens," Optics & Photonics News 20(12), 40-40 (2009) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Reconfigurable Multitask Audio Dynamics Processing Scheme (2019)

Automatic speech recognition (ASR), audio quality, and loudness are key performance indicators (KPIs) in smart speakers. To improve all these KPIs, audio dynamics processing is a crucial component in related systems. Unfortunately, single-band and existing multiband dynamics processing (MBDP) schemes fail to maximize bass and loudness but even produce unwanted peaks, distortions, and nonlinear echo so that an optimized ASR performance cannot be achieved. It has been a goal in both industry and academia to find a better audio dynamics processing for mitigating these problems. To provide such a desired solution, this paper proposes a novel reconfigurable multitask MBDP scheme through a global optimization framework. Through extensive testing, we show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of bass and loudness maximization, distortion and nonlinear echo reduction, browning-out prevention, and significant ASR performance improvement.
Interaction of the Baculovirus Anti-apoptotic Protein p35 with Caspases. Specificity, Kinetics, and Characterization of the Caspase/p35 Complex (1998)

The anti-apoptotic protein p35 from baculovirus is thought to prevent the suicidal response of infected insect cells by inhibiting caspases. Ectopic expression of p35 in a number of transgenic animals or cell lines is also anti-apoptotic, giving rise to the hypothesis that the protein is a general inhibitor of caspases. We have verified this hypothesis by demonstrating that purified recombinant p35 inhibits human caspase-1, -3, -6, -7, -8, and -10 with kass values from 1.2 x 10(3) to 7 x 10(5) (M-1 s-1), and with upper limits of Ki values from 0.1 to 9 nM. Inhibition of 12 unrelated serine or cysteine proteases was insignificant, implying that p35 is a potent caspase-specific inhibitor. Mutation of the putative inhibitory loop to favor caspase-1 resulted in a substantial decline in caspase-3 inhibition, but minimal changes in caspase-1 inhibition. The interaction p35 with caspase-3, as a model of the inhibitory mechanism, revealed classic slow-binding inhibition, with both active-sites of the caspase-3 dimer acting equally and independently. Inhibition resulted from complex formation between the enzyme and inhibitor, which could be visualized under nondenaturing conditions, but was dissociated by SDS to give p35 cleaved at Asp87, the P1 residue of the inhibitor. Complex formation requires the substrate-binding cleft to be unoccupied. Taken together, these data revealed that p35 is an active-site-directed inhibitor highly adapted to inhibiting caspases.
Persistent Infection of a Posttraumatic Phycomycotic Infection (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In May 1978, Schwartz et al<sup>1</sup>documented the ocular effects of a posttraumatic phycomycotic infection on the anterior segment of the left eye of a 26-year-old man. We now wish to report follow-up clinical data and histologic evidence of localized persistence of the infection in the anterior segment and donor cornea two years later. The patient initially manifested a<i>Rhizopus</i>(phycomycosis) infection of the anterior segment of his left eye two months following a perforating injury with a soil-contaminated screwdriver. After intensive but unsuccessful antifungal medical therapy, a combined 10-mm penetrating keratoplasty and planned extracapsular cataract extraction was performed (Jan 7, 1977), which included the removal of an organized anterior chamber cast and portions of necrotic iris. Postoperatively, the patient received a seven-day course of intravenous amphotericin B and topical natamycin drops, and was discharged from the hospital on Jan 25, 1977, with a clinically quiet
Navigating through the Frame Problem (1994)

ly, this belief is expressed by couching the frame problem in terms of a generally intelligent robot. The idea is that although an AI system without the frame problem might, say, read an echocardiogram and diagnose a heart defect, a really smart autonomous robot will arrive only if, like us humans, it can handle the frame problem. Suppose that a solution to the frame problem is absolutely essential