gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grain growth phenomena in friction stir welded 1100 Al during post-weld heat treatment (2007)

Grain growth phenomena during post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) were examined in friction stir (FS) welded 1100 Al. The FS welds were produced at rotational speeds between 550 and 3600 rev min −1 . The FS weld produced at the lower rotational speed had the finer equiaxed grain structure containing feature of the more deformed microstructure in the as welded state. It was found that the regions having more deformed microstructure in the as welded state experienced abnormal grain growth more preferentially in the stir zone during PWHT. The stir zone exposed to higher temperature during FSW was more stable at higher PWHT temperatures. When the weld was heated for a long time at a temperature that was high enough for the abnormal grain growth, the stir zone produced at the lower rotational speed had the smaller grown grains. The present study suggested that the abnormal grain growth of the stir zone during PWHT had similar features of primary recrystallisation.
1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine‐Based Chiral Phosphorous Triamides: Synthesis and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis (2009)

Abstract A set of chiral monodentate phosphorous triamides (PTA) comprising 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine as the common moiety have been synthesised. Electronic and steric tuning of the ligands was achieved by variation of the substituents at the diamine nitrogen atoms by incorporating methyl, p ‐tolyl and tosyl groups. Both chiral and achiral building blocks were used as monoamine components. Notably, (11b R )‐3,5‐dimethyl‐ N , N ‐bis[( S )‐1‐phenylethyl]‐3,5‐dihydro‐4 H ‐dinaphtho[2,1‐ d :1′,2′‐ f ][1,3,2]diazaphosphepin‐4‐amine, which is the PTA most closely related to the Feringa phosphoramidite ligand, was synthesised and characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. This PTA displays increased conformational rigidity in comparison with the corresponding phosphoramidite and adopts a C 1 ‐symmetric structure both in the solid state and in solution, even at room temperature. The new PTA ligands were used in the copper‐catalysed conjugate addition of diethylzinc to cyclohex‐2‐enone and the nickel‐catalysed hydrovinylation of styrene giving good activities and chemoselectivities at moderate enantioselectivities in both reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Model Study of Multilevel Signaling for High-Speed Chiplet-to-Chiplet Communication in 2.5D Integration (2020)

The quest for high yield has motivated significant advancement in 2.5D integrated circuits, where chiplets are integrated on a silicon interposer or a package substrate with high-speed parallel communication among them. These channels for 2.5D integrated systems need to have high data bandwidth per unit length (also called shoreline-BW-density and measured in Gb/s/mm) and lower energy per bit area (measured in pJ/b). Typically, NRZ signalling is used but achieving higher data rates continues to be a major challenge. In this paper we explore PAM4 as an alternative to NRZ for signalling the channels. Simulations show that we can achieve up to 63% more energy-efficiency and 27% higher BW density for 2.5D integrated systems.
New tests for an old foe: an update on influenza screening. (2010)

The standard in vitro assays used for the generation and characterization of antibodies that bind and neutralize the influenza virus have not been modified significantly in many years. The use of cultured human cells has been instrumental in understanding the basis of the immune response, and the in vitro generation of influenza-specific antibodies may be used to provide novel insights into the selection of potential vaccines. Furthermore, the essential functional assays that evaluate the antibody response have several features that could be improved, including increased sensitivity, the ability to use an inactivated virus, the automation and mechanization of analytic readouts, and inter-laboratory consistency. This feature review discusses a series of assays that have been developed to address these issues and improve the ability to evaluate the anti-influenza antibody response.
1SBP-02 REAL-TIME MONITORING OF BIOMOLECULES IN ZERO-MODE WAVEGUIDES: DNA SEQUENCING AND BEYOND(1SBP Advanced Single Molecule Sequencing System,Symposium,The 51th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2013)

Color tuning mechanism of novel photoreceptors cyanobacteriochromeRei Narikawa 1,2 (
Alterations and hypermethylation of thep14ARF gene in gastric cancer (2000)

p14(ARF), generated through an alternative splicing process that replaces the first exon, 1alpha, of p16(INK4a) with exon 1beta, located >15 kb upstream of exon 1alpha, has been shown to function as a growth suppressor. We examined 11 gastric cancer cell lines for mRNA expression, homozygous deletion, mutation, and promoter methylation of the p14(ARF) gene. No mRNA expression was detected in 5 of the 7 diffuse-type cell lines. All intestinal cell lines displayed normal levels of expression except for one with a low level of expression. Of the 5 cell lines without expression, 3 (MKN45, NUGC-2, and NUGC-4) and 1 (KATO III) displayed homozygous deletion and methylation of the p14(ARF) gene, respectively. No mutation was found in the whole coding region of the p14(ARF) gene in 8 cell lines without homozygous deletion. Our results indicate that the p14(ARF) gene is more frequently inactivated by homozygous deletion or methylation in diffuse-type gastric cancer cell lines (5/7, 71.4%) than in intestinal ones (0/4, P = 0.022). When we also analyzed 62 primary gastric cancers for the methylation status of the p14(ARF) promoter region, the methylation frequency tended to be higher in diffuse-type gastric cancers (15/33, 45.5%) than in intestinal ones (7/28, 25%). Thus, p14(ARF) alterations might be involved in diffuse-type gastric carcinogenesis.
Precision and Accuracy of Bone Mineral Determination by Direct Photon Absorptiometry (1968)

Bone mineral was determined using a radiologic absorptiometric method. The attenuation of a low-energy beam from a well-collimated radionuclide source (125I or 241Am) was measured using a collimated scintillation detectorpulse height analyzer system. The absorption of the photon beam by bone, as shown by this scanning method, was highly correlated with the weight of standard sections on excised bones (r = 0.97 to 0.99). Even scans on tissue covered cadaver forearms were highly correlated (r = 0.96) with the weight of underlying bone components and single scans on human ulnae were highly correlated (r= 0.96) with total ulna weight. The precision (2%) and accuracy (4 to 7%error) were the highest ever demonstrated for a radiologic method of bone determination and the large inaccuracies (more than 20 to 30% error) of older methods, which used photodensitometry of radiographs, were eliminated by the present method. Improved techniques allow even higher precision (1 to 2%) and accuracy (2 to 4%); therefore, the radionuclide absorption method is potentially useful for diagnostic, clinical and normative evaluation of appendicular skeletal mineralization where older photodensitometric methods cannot be used.
High-Performance Gate-All-Around GeOI p-MOSFETs Fabricated by Rapid Melt Growth Using Plasma Nitridation and ALD $\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ Gate Dielectric and Self-Aligned NiGe Contacts (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Rapid melt growth was used to fabricate gate-all-around germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) p-MOSFETs with plasma-nitrided Ge surface, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> high- <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex></formula> gate dielectric, and self-aligned NiGe contacts. The subthreshold swing is 71 mV/dec, which is better than those of the bulk and nanowire Ge p-MOSFETs reported to date. Planar GeOI p-MOSFET arrays show 40% hole mobility enhancement at a high effective field, which is as good as bulk Ge devices. </para>
Collagen Scaffolds Reinforced with Biomimetic Composite Nano-Sized Carbonate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Crystals and Shaped by Rapid Prototyping to Contain Internal Microchannels (2006)

The next generation of tissue engineering scaffolds will be made to accommodate blood vessels and nutrient channels to support cell survival deep in the interior of the scaffolds. To this end, we have developed a method that incorporates microchannels to permit the flow of nutrient-rich media through collagen-based scaffolds. The scaffold matrix comprises nano-sized carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals internally precipitated in collagen fibers. The scaffold therefore mimics many of the features found in bone. A biomimetic precipitation technique is used whereby a collagen membrane separates reservoirs of calcium and phosphate solutions. The collision of calcium and phosphate ions diffusing from opposite directions results in the precipitation of mineral within the collagen membrane. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the dimension of the mineral crystals to be approximately 180 x 80 x 20 nm, indicating that the crystals reside in the intermicrofibril gaps. Electron diffraction indicated that the mineral was in the HA phase, and infrared spectroscopy confirmed type A carbonate substitution. The collagen-HA membrane is then used to make 3-dimensional (3D) scaffolds: the membrane is shredded and mixed in an aqueous-based collagen dispersion and processed using the critical point drying method. Adjusting the pH of the dispersion to 5.0 before mixing the composite component preserved the nano-sized carbonate-substituted HA crystals. Branching and interconnecting microchannels in the interior of the scaffolds are made with a sacrificial mold manufactured by using a 3D wax printer. The 3D wax printer has been modified to print the mold from biocompatible materials. Appropriately sized microchannels within collagen-HA scaffolds brings us closer to fulfilling the mass transport requirements for osteogenic cells living deep within the scaffold.
Innovative ambulatory drug delivery system using an electrolytic hydrogel infusion pump (1999)

This report describes an ambulatory infusion device developed to provide parenteral drug delivery at a precisely controlled rate. The device is based on the innovative and unique concept of utilizing electrohydrolysis of a negatively charged hydrogel. The system consists of two modules: a pump unit and an electronic control unit. The pump module, which can be a disposable unit, contains medication separated by a flexible membrane from a gas generating chamber; this latter is an electrolytic cell comprising a hydrogel block and two platinum electrodes. The microcontroller-based control module is constructed with a user interface which includes input keys and a liquid crystal display, as well as a control to alter driving current level, depending on the infusion rate required. A microprocessor instantaneously calculates the current level required; this is based on operator-selected infusion rate, ambient pressure, and temperature sensor output. The accuracy and precision of the device were verified for all flow rates and for different environmental conditions; in vitro test results showed acceptable accuracy with less than +/- 5% error over the whole operating range of 0.1-100 [ml/h]. The device is small, lightweight, simple and easy to manufacture, and is also designed to be comfortably and conveniently worn by patients. It can be used for a variety of regimens including, for example, chemotherapy, insulin delivery, and pain management, antibiotic and AIDS therapy.
Targeting MICA/B with cytotoxic therapeutic antibodies leads to tumor control (2021)

<b>Background:</b> MICA and MICB are tightly regulated stress-induced proteins that trigger the immune system by binding to the activating receptor NKG2D on cytotoxic lymphocytes. MICA and MICB are highly polymorphic molecules with prevalent expression on several types of solid tumors and limited expression in normal/healthy tissues, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. <b>Methods:</b> We have generated a series of anti-MICA and MICB cross-reactive antibodies with the unique feature of binding to the most prevalent isoforms of both these molecules. <b>Results:</b> The anti-MICA and MICB antibody MICAB1, a human IgG1 Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb), displayed potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of MICA/B-expressing tumor cells <i>in vitro</i>. However, it showed insufficient efficiency against solid tumors <i>in vivo</i>, which prompted the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Indeed, optimal tumor control was achieved with MICAB1-ADC format in several solid tumor models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and carcinogen-induced tumors in immunocompetent MICAgen transgenic mice. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data indicate that MICA and MICB are promising targets for cytotoxic immunotherapy.
Inclusive heavy-flavour production at central and forward rapidity in Xe–Xe collisions at sNN=5.44 TeV (2021)

The first measurements of the production of muons and electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Xe-Xe collisions at
Extraordinarily Large Permittivity Modulation in Zinc Oxide for Dynamic\n Nanophotonics (2020)

The dielectric permittivity of a material encapsulates the essential physics\nof light-matter interaction into the material's local response to optical\nexcitation. Dynamic, photo-induced modulation of the permittivity can enable an\nunprecedented level of control over the phase, amplitude, and polarization of\nlight. Therefore, the detailed dynamic characterization of technology-relevant\nmaterials with substantially tunable optical properties and fast response times\nis a crucial step in the realization of tunable optical devices. This work\nreports on the extraordinarily large permittivity changes in zinc oxide thin\nfilms (up to -3.6 relative change in the real part of the dielectric\npermittivity at 1600 nm wavelength) induced by optically generated free\ncarriers. We demonstrate broadband reflectance modulation up to 70 percent in\nmetal-backed oxide mirrors at the telecommunication wavelengths, with\npicosecond-scale relaxation times. The epsilon near zero points of the films\ncan be dynamically shifted from 8.5 microns to 1.6 microns by controlling the\npump fluence. Finally, we show that the modulation can be selectively enhanced\nat specific wavelengths employing metal-backed ZnO disks while maintaining\npicosecond-scale switching times. This work provides insights into the\nfree-carrier assisted permittivity modulation in zinc oxide and could enable\nthe realization of novel dynamic devices for beam-steering, polarizers, and\nspatial light modulators.\n
Supplementary Methods from IL26, a Noncanonical Mediator of DNA Inflammatory Stimulation, Promotes TNBC Engraftment and Progression in Association with Neutrophils (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Detailed and supplementary methods&lt;/p&gt;
Looking beyond meningococcal B with the 4CMenB vaccine: the Neisseria effect (2021)

Infections with Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae have different clinical manifestations, but the bacteria share up to 80-90% genome sequence identity. The recombinant meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccine 4CMenB consists of four antigenic components that can be present in non-B meningococcal and gonococcal strains. This comprehensive review summarizes scientific evidence on the genotypic and phenotypic similarities between vaccine antigens and their homologs expressed by non-B meningococcal and gonococcal strains. It also includes immune responses of 4CMenB-vaccinated individuals and effectiveness and impact of 4CMenB against these strains. Varying degrees of strain coverage were estimated depending on the non-B meningococcal serogroup and antigenic repertoire. 4CMenB elicits immune responses against non-B meningococcal serogroups and N. gonorrhoeae. Real-world evidence showed risk reductions of 69% for meningococcal serogroup W clonal complex 11 disease and 40% for gonorrhea after 4CMenB immunization. In conclusion, functional antibody activity and real-world evidence indicate that 4CMenB has the potential to provide some protection beyond MenB disease.
Nonlinearity of contrast responses in human achromatic and color vision (2017)

The transduction mechanisms in the visual system are nonlinear. In pedestal masking the detection of contrast increments is facilitated at low pedestal contrasts and masked at high pedestal contrasts. Hence increment thresholds measured over a range of pedestal contrasts form a "dipper" function whose shape reflects the underlying contrast response function (CRF). Here, we exploit this relationship to measure the CRFs for achromatic and isoluminant red-green (RG) color contrast. Contrast increment thresholds for Gabor patterns (0.375 c/deg, 2 Hz) with either achromatic or isoluminant RG (L/M cone opponent) contrast were measured for three observers in a pedestal masking paradigm. CRFs were fitted to the individual trial responses using maximum-likelihood fitting: response = (contrast^p)/(z+contrast^q). Although cone contrast sensitivity was on average 4.91±0.62 times higher for the isoluminant RG stimuli, the shapes of the dipper functions for the two conditions were similar. The fitted transducer parameters (p and q) were found to be similar across the achromatic and RG chromatic CRFs. Between three subjects, average p values of 2.36±0.47 and 2.38±0.41 were found for achromatic and chromatic CRFs, respectively. The respective q values were 1.91±0.41 and 1.87±0.30. Regardless of individual sensitivity differences, these similarities between achromatic and color perception are consistent within each subject. We find that the shapes of the CRFs for achromatic and RG color contrast are very similar. This is important for studies that normalise the contrast responses to achromatic and color stimuli by scaling them in multiples of detection threshold. Differences in the shapes of the CRFs would make this normalisation method invalid. Future CRF measurements for achromatic stimuli at higher temporal rates (0.375 c/deg, 10 Hz) will be used to compare the supposed "magnocellular" CRF against the "parvocellular" CRFs measured here. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
Myocardial Protection: Why and How (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Cardioplegia: the basics Multidose cardioplegia Cardioplegia delivery The “integrated method” of cardioplegia Single period of aortic clamping Cannulas and devices for cardioplegia delivery Antegrade cannula Retrograde cannula Coronary sinus injury Monitoring antegrade cardioplegia delivery pressure Monitoring retrograde cardioplegia delivery pressure Cardioplegia delivery system Evolving myocardial infarction Myocardial protection during aortic root replacement Surgical ventricular restoration Septal function Conclusion References
Pain peptides. Solution structure of orphanin FQ2 (2000)

Orphanin FQ2 (OFQ2) is a novel heptadecapeptide generated from prepronociceptin (PPNOC), the same precursor of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and nocistatin. OFQ2 is a potent analgesic when administered both supraspinally and spinally. In order to clarify the structural relationship with all peptides generated from PPNOC, we have undertaken the conformational study of OFQ2 in water and in structure-promoting solvent media. Nuclear magnetic resonance data and theoretical calculations are consistent with a well defined helical structure from Met(5) to Ser(16). The uniform distribution of hydrophobic residues along the helix suggests that OFQ2 may interact with the transmembrane helices of a receptor akin to those of nociceptin and opioids.
<title>Status report on 1024x1024 HgCdTe detector arrays for low-background operation in the 1.0- to 2.5-um range</title> (1994)

The University of Hawaii and the Rockwell International Science Center are developing a large format SWIR detector array optimized for low background astronomical imaging and spectroscopic observations. This so called HgCdTe astronomical wide area IR imager (HAWAII) device will be based on the technology developed for the NICMOS project, but will incorporate several modifications of this design to improve the performance.
GSTO2 Isoforms Participate in the Oxidative Regulation of the Plasmalemma in Eutherian Spermatozoa during Capacitation (2019)

In addition to perinuclear theca anchored glutathione-s-transferase omega 2 (GSTO2), whose function is to participate in sperm nuclear decondensation during fertilization (Biol Reprod. 2019, 101:368-376), we herein provide evidence that GSTO2 is acquired on the sperm plasmalemma during epididymal maturation. This novel membrane localization was reinforced by the isolation and identification of biotin-conjugated surface proteins from ejaculated and capacitated boar and mouse spermatozoa, prompting us to hypothesize that GSTO2 has an oxidative/reductive role in regulating sperm function during capacitation. Utilizing an inhibitor specific to the active site of GSTO2 in spermatozoa, inhibition of this enzyme led to a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation late in the capacitation process, followed by an expected decrease in acrosome exocytosis and motility. These changes were accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and membrane lipid peroxidation and culminated in a significant decrease in the percentage of oocytes successfully penetrated by sperm during in vitro fertilization. We conclude that GSTO2 participates in the regulation of sperm function during capacitation, most likely through protection against oxidative stress on the sperm surface.
Design of a probabilistic ontology-based clinical decision support system for classifying temporal patterns in the ICU: A sepsis case study (2010)

Medical time series contain important information about the condition of a patient. However, due to the large amount of data and the staff shortage, it is difficult for physicians to monitor these time series for trends that suggest a relevant clinical detoriation due to a complication or new pathology. This paper proposes a framework that supports physicians in detecting patterns in time series. It has three main tasks. First, the time-dependent data is gathered from heterogeneous sources and the semantics are made explicit by using an ontology. Second, Machine Learning techniques detect trends in the semantic time series data that indicate that a patient has a particular pathology. However, computerized classification techniques are not 100% accurate. Therefore, the third task consists of adding the pathology classification to the ontology with an associated probability and notifying the physician if necessary. The framework was evaluated with an ICU use case, namely detecting sepsis. Sepsis is the number one cause of death in the ICU.
Improved battery modeling approach considering operating scenarios for HEV/EV applications (2017)

This paper presents an improved battery modeling approach based on typical operating scenarios in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and pure electric vehicles (EVs). Compared with the conventional modeling methods, the proposed method takes both the constant-current (CC) charging and dynamic driving scenarios into account, and two separate sets of parameters are estimated through different periods of the pulse-rest test. For the CC charging scenario, data from the pulse-charging period are employed in parameter estimation. For the dynamic driving scenario, data from the rest period are employed, and the length of the fitted dataset is determined by the spectrum analysis of the load current. In addition, the initial voltage expressions of the RC networks in the fitting function are improved to ensure a higher model fidelity. The feasibility of the developed modeling approach is experimentally verified on a 40 Ah LiNMC battery. Experimental results validate the advantages of the proposed approach.