gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zirconium and Hafnium Complexes that Contain the Electron-Withdrawing Diamido/Donor Ligands [(2,6-X2C6H3NCH2)2C(2-C5H4N)(CH3)]2-(X = Cl or F). An Evaluation of the Role of Ortho Halides in 1-Hexene Polymerization (2003)

The pyridyldiamines [(2,6-X2C6H3NHCH2)2C(CH3)(2-C5H4N)] (X = Cl or F) can be prepared in good yield through the Pd-catalyzed coupling between 2,6-dihalobromobenzene and (H2NCH2)2C(CH3)(2-C5H4N). Zirconium and hafnium complexes that contain these ligands were prepared through traditional routes; they include [ArCl2Npy]M(NMe2)2 (M = Zr or Hf), [ArCl2Npy]MCl2, [ArCl2Npy]MMe2, [ArCl2Npy]Hf(i-Bu)2, [ArF2Npy]Hf(i-Bu)2, and [ArF2Npy]HfMe2. Attempts to prepare [ArF2Npy]Hf(NMe2)2 in a reaction between Hf(NMe2)4 and free ligand led to compounds in which one or two dimethylamino groups had been exchanged with one or two ortho fluorides on the 2,6-difluorophenyl rings. Compounds whose structures were determined in X-ray studies include [ArCl2Npy]Hf(i-Bu)2, [ArF2Npy]Hf(i-Bu)2, and [Ar(FNMe2)2Npy]Hf(F)Cl, a compound that contains 2-fluoro-6-dimethylaminophenyl rings. In the first compound one chloride is weakly bonded to the metal, in the second two fluorides are weakly bonded to the metal, and in the third two dimethylamino groups are strongly bonded to the metal. Activation of dimethyl species with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] in bromobenzene led initially to the formation of dimeric monocations such as {[ArX2Npy]2M2Me3}[B(C6F5)4], which are inactive for polymerization of 1-hexene. The {[ArX2Npy]2M2Me3}[B(C6F5)4] compounds react further with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] to give {[ArX2Npy]MMe}[B(C6F5)4] species, which are active for polymerization of 1-hexene. Activation of [ArX2Npy]Hf(i-Bu)2 complexes with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] in bromobenzene led to the formation of {[ArX2Npy]Hf(i-Bu)}[B(C6F5)4] species that are also active for the polymerization of 1-hexene. The rate of consumption of 1-hexene followed a first-order dependence on 1-hexene (and hafnium), although the rates were substantially slower compared to those for the known catalyst with mesityl substituents on the amido nitrogens and slower when X = F than when X = Cl. The ease of preparation of the cations also followed the order aryl = mesityl > 2,6-Cl2C6H3 > 2,6-F2C6H3. Finally, the quality of the polymerization, in terms of its living characteristics, deteriorated markedly when the aryl was 2,6-F2C6H3. We conclude that the introduction of ortho chlorides or fluorides decreases the rate of polymerization and also encourages β hydride elimination and formation of shorter polymer chains, therefore compromising the living characteristics of the polymerization.
Improving the synthesis of hemin derivatives and their effect on bacterial biofilms (2021)

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has recently resulted in a large focus on designing new antimicrobial agents, including those based on natural compounds. We have previously synthesized two disubstituted arginine-containing derivatives of hemin (HD) (4) and (5) that demonstrated pronounced antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells in vitro [1, 2]. These HDs are leading and promising for the creation of antibacterial agents on their basis. This research is aimed at improving the synthesis of HDs (4) and (5) to increase their yield, simplify the process and minimize the side reactions, as well as to establish their antimicrobial and destructive effect on biofilms, including those consisting of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As a result, we were able to increase the yields of the protected dipeptide of ZArg(Z[Formula: see text]SerNH 2 (3) and the corresponding HD (4) up to 97 and 93%, respectively, and also to minimize the side reaction of the formation of ornithine-containing HD. For the arginine amide modified HD (5), we have also proposed an improved synthesis scheme. The ability of HD to cause the bacteria death in the composition of formed biofilms, including those consisting of resistant bacteria, was shown. After the effect of HDs on the biofilm at concentrations of 80 and 100 [Formula: see text]g/ml, the CFU decrease was 3–5/ml. The fluorescent microscopy confirmed the bacteria mortality in the biofilm. Electron microscopy showed structural damage (fragmentation) of the formed bacterial biofilm under the effect of HDs.
Controlled intra- or extracellular production of staphylococcal nuclease and ovine omega interferon inLactococcus lactis (2003)

A system for controlled targeting of heterologous protein was developed in the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis. It is composed of the L. lactis strain NZ9000 and of two broad host range expression vectors pCYT:Nuc and pSEC:Nuc for, respectively, cytoplasmic and secreted staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc) nisin-inducible production. The level of intracellular production of Nuc measured with pCYT:Nuc (3 mg x l(-1)) is significantly lower than the one obtained with pSEC:Nuc ( approximately 20 mg x l(-1)). The secretion efficiency (SE) of Nuc is estimated to be approximately 70%, corresponding to approximately 15 mg of secreted Nuc x l(-1). Furthermore, we established that Nuc production continued in L. lactis 10 h after a 1-h nisin-pulse induction. This system was then used for intra- and extracellular production of a protein of therapeutical interest in L. lactis, the ovine interferon-omega (IFN-omega). The SE and the quantity of secreted active IFN-omega were evaluated respectively to be approximately 70% and approximately 1 mg x l(-1) ( approximately two-fold higher than the cytoplasmic form).
Abstract B19: Induction of apoptosis and antitumor activity of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 is enhanced by combination with hormonal therapies in preclinical models of prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract Activation of AKT by mechanisms including loss of the tumor suppressors PTEN and INPP4B is very common in prostate cancer, and has been correlated with poor prognosis and progression to androgen independent disease. Recently, a reciprocal feedback mechanism has been shown to occur between the androgen and AKT signalling axes in prostate cancer models. AZD5363 monotherapy induced apoptosis and inhibited growth of PTEN null, AR+ prostate cancer cell lines including LNCaP, C4-2 and a flutamide resistant variant of PC346C (GI50 10 – 100 nM), and showed moderate anti-proliferative activity in AR amplified, PTEN wild type VCaP cells (GI50 ∼ 1 μM). The PTEN wild type, AR negative DU-145, BPH1 and RWPE1 cell lines were relatively resistant. Monotherapy AZD5363 also caused dosedependent growth inhibition of the PTEN null, AR+ HID28 prostate cancer explant model in vivo. Treatment with AZD5363 increased expression of a panel of androgen regulated genes in LNCaP cells, whereas the same panel of genes was down-regulated when AZD5363 was combined with the novel anti-androgen MDV-3100. Combination of AZD5363 with MDV-3100 resulted in greater inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in vitro than monotherapy treatment with these agents, indicating a synergistic interaction. Moreover, combination of AZD5363 and bicalutamide resulted in greater efficacy than AZD5363 monotherapy in LNCaP xenografts in vivo. The data show that whilst AZD5363 has considerable monotherapy activity in AR+/PTEN null prostate cancer models, the combination with anti-androgens merits further evaluation as a possible means to achieve greater anti-tumor activity. AZD5363 is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials. Citation Format: Claire Crafter, Barry R. Davies, Christian Thomas, Francois Lamoureux, Hannah Greenwood, Juan M. Garcia-Martinez, Lorraine Mooney, Sabina Cosulich, Martin Gleave, Amina Zoubeidi. Induction of apoptosis and antitumor activity of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 is enhanced by combination with hormonal therapies in preclinical models of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B19.
Measurement of 32 ~ 8 ~ 4 LYSO Crystal Responses of DOI Detector for jPET-RD (2006)

jPET-RD is designed to achieve high sensitivity as well as high spatial resolution by the use of four-layer depth of interaction (DOI) information of the detector. We have previously proposed the DOI encoding method that enables four layers DOI identification using only single kind crystal elements. The basic idea was tested by using Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , and the first prototype detector was developed using Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2(1-x)</sub> Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2x</sub> SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (LYSO). In this work, we prepared a pair of jPET-RD prototype detectors composed of four layers of a 32 (transaxial)times8 (axial) LYSO (Lu: 98%, Y: 2%) crystal block and a 256-channel flat panel position sensitive photomultiplier tube (256ch FP-PMT). The size of each crystal element is 1.46 mmtimes1.46 mmtimes4.5 mm. The crystal block (46.5 mmtimes11.6 mmtimes18.0 mm) is placed on the central area of a 256ch FP-PMT (49 mmtimes49 mm useful area) and coupled with silicone rubber. First, we evaluated performance of the prototype DOI detector by uniform gamma ray irradiation. Then response functions of the prototype DOI detector were measured with collimated single gamma rays and finally coincidence responses are estimated with a pair of prototype DOI detectors in the experimental setup which simulates jPET-RD system. In the performance evaluation, the energy resolution of all events was 14.7% and the time resolution was found to be 0.66 ns. The response functions were 1.56 mm FWHM and 4.51 mm FWHM in average in transaxial and depth direction, respectively. The FWHMs of coincidence responses were 5.4 mm (non-DOI) and 3.7 mm (averaged DOI). It is confirmed that the spatial resolution is improved by using DOI information
Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease in Relatives of Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis (2022)

"Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease in Relatives of Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis ." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp. –
ANTI-CD4 THERAPY IN COMBINED HEART-KIDNEY, HEART-LIVER, AND HEART-SMALL BOWEL ALLOTRANSPLANTS IN HIGH-RESPONDER RATS1 (1998)

Our current results show that: (1) there is a vigorous rejection of heart > or = small bowel > kidney > liver in high-responder Lewis rats after pretransplant anti-CD4 therapy; and (2) simultaneous or metachronous combined liver-heart and kidney-heart transplants may protect heart allografts from rejection.
Simultaneous gauging of liver fibrosis and inflammation using 3D single breath-hold Intenso MRE with the gravitational transducer. (2023)

Successful deployment of 3D liver MRE in the clinical assessment of fibrosis and inflammation requires a single breath-hold sequence to avoid geometric misalignment between different breath-holds and a phase-stable and efficient vibration for adequate wave penetration. We show initial data of Intenso MRE estimating the shear wave speed (Cs [m/s]) and the loss modulus (G&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo; [kPa]). Both Cs and G&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo; reflect a dependency on Ishak fibrosis and inflammation scores, respectively, in patients with chronic liver disease. In addition, we compare the magnitude of the shear modulus (|G*|) measured with Intenso and to the commonly utilized SE-EPI in such patients.
Optimization of Frame Length in OFDMA Systems Taking into Account the Control Signaling Cost (2011)

Dynamic OFDMA has been recognized as a promising technique for improving the performance of future wireless cellular systems. However, this potential performance improvement comes at the cost of additional signaling overhead, which can have a non-negligible effect on the system efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new method for optimizing the frame length for the downlink in OFDMA systems. The method maximizes the system efficiency by taking into account both the channel conditions and the amount of signaling overhead needed to deliver scheduling maps to the users. We formulate the frame length optimization problem mathematically. By exploiting the structure of this problem, we develop an algorithm that solves a sequence of dynamic programming problems. Simulation results reveal some insight into fundamental limitations as well as provide guidelines for the design of dynamic OFDMA systems.
A Raman-based endoscopic strategy for multiplexed molecular imaging (2013)

Endoscopic imaging is an invaluable diagnostic tool allowing minimally invasive access to tissues deep within the body. It has played a key role in screening colon cancer and is credited with preventing deaths through the detection and removal of precancerous polyps. However, conventional white-light endoscopy offers physicians structural information without the biochemical information that would be advantageous for early detection and is essential for molecular typing. To address this unmet need, we have developed a unique accessory, noncontact, fiber optic-based Raman spectroscopy device that has the potential to provide real-time, multiplexed functional information during routine endoscopy. This device is ideally suited for detection of functionalized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles as molecular imaging contrast agents. This device was designed for insertion through a clinical endoscope and has the potential to detect and quantify the presence of a multiplexed panel of tumor-targeting SERS nanoparticles. Characterization of the Raman instrument was performed with SERS particles on excised human tissue samples, and it has shown unsurpassed sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities, detecting 326-fM concentrations of SERS nanoparticles and unmixing 10 variations of colocalized SERS nanoparticles. Another unique feature of our noncontact Raman endoscope is that it has been designed for efficient use over a wide range of working distances from 1 to 10 mm. This is necessary to accommodate for imperfect centering during endoscopy and the nonuniform surface topology of human tissue. Using this endoscope as a key part of a multiplexed detection approach could allow endoscopists to distinguish between normal and precancerous tissues rapidly and to identify flat lesions that are otherwise missed.
Bias-temperature stability of the Cu(Mg)/SiO2/p-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (1997)

This work studies the consequences of alloying copper with 2 at % magnesium on the transport of copper through the SiO2 dielectric when subjected to bias temperature aging (BTA). Metal-oxide semiconductor structures, that were thermally annealed at different temperature, were BTA under an electric field of 2.35 MV/cm at varying temperatures and for varying periods of time. The resulting capacitance–voltage (C–V) and I–V curves indicate that the samples thermally annealed above 300 °C form a passivating film between the oxide-metal interface and the metal surface. This oxide film is assumed to cause an inhibition of the diffusion or drifting of copper into the SiO2 and is responsible for the observed stability in the C–V and I–V curves.
Src/lck inhibitor dasatinib reversibly switches off cytokine release and T cell cytotoxicity following stimulation with T cell bispecific antibodies (2021)

Taken together, we provide evidence for the use of dasatinib as a pharmacological on/off switch to mitigate off-tumor toxicities or CRS by T cell bispecific antibodies.
Production of IL-18 (IFN-γ-inducing factor) messenger RNA and functional protein by murine keratinocytes (1997)

Recently, the novel cytokine IL-18 (IFN-gamma-inducing factor) has been described as a growth and differentiation factor for Th1 cells. Epidermal keratinocytes (KC) are known to direct T cell education by production of cytokines. Therefore, expression of IL-18 was sought in KC. Epidermal RNA was analyzed following stimulation with contact sensitizers or controls for IL-18 mRNA expression by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Constitutive expression of IL-18 mRNA was low in untreated epidermal cells (EC), but early up-regulation of IL-18 mRNA signals was detected following application of a contact allergen in vivo. The peak strength of IL-18 signals was observed within 4 to 6 h following stimulation with an allergen. Application of an irritant (benzalconiumchloride) or solvents did not result in increased signal strength. To determine the cellular origin of IL-18 mRNA in EC, depletion experiments were performed. IL-18 signals were not affected by depletion with anti-CD3 (T cells) or anti-MHC class II mAb-coupled beads identifying KC as a major source of IL-18. These results were confirmed by analysis of mRNA derived from the KC cell line PAM 212. Strong IL-18 signals could be detected by reverse transcription-PCR. To delineate whether IL-18 protein was produced by EC/KC, a sandwich ELISA was used to assay for IL-18 production. Supernatants from allergen-stimulated EC and KC showed production of IL-18 protein. To confirm that IL-18 protein was functional, EC or KC supernatants were tested for their ability to induce IFN-gamma production. Significant amounts of IFN-gamma were detected in supernatants of allergen-treated cells. In aggregate, our data indicate that murine KC are a source of both IL-18 mRNA and functional protein.
Power smoothing of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine using ultracapacitors (2010)

Wind energy is an unpredictable and fluctuating energy source. A nearly random wind speed and blade rotational turbulence can produce fluctuations in the output power and consequently voltage of the system. The output power of wind turbines fluctuates due to wind speed variations. This fluctuating power makes the wind power undispatchable, causing frequency deviations when wind power penetration is significant. The fluctuating power has an impact on power balance and voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). Energy storage devices such as batteries, ultracapacitors, magnetic storage systems and flywheels can be utilized in a hybrid system to mitigate the effects of this problem. This paper uses Ultracapacitors in doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) to support wind energy in short-term and mitigate high frequency power fluctuations.
Modified HLR-VLR Location management scheme in PCS network (2010)

This paper proposes a modified version of conventional HLR/VLR scheme for improving the location management in PCS network. The conventional HLR/VLR scheme suggests that when a mobile terminal (MT) moves from one LA to another LA which is served by different VLR, it registers itself with new VLR along with HLR, at the same time HLR deregisters the mobile terminal from the old VLR and acknowledges the receipt of the message to new VLR. The modified version proposes that there is no requirement of deregistering of mobile terminal from old VLR at the same time when MT registers at new VLR and so message transmission cost and database overload can be reduced. Numerical analysis is done for both conventional and modified version and compared together. The numerical results are promising and a significant total cost reduction is obtained with proposed scheme.
Enhancement of images using the 2-D LMS adaptive algorithm (1991)

The use of adaptive filters for the enhancement of images is studied. In particular, the enhancement of images where the region of interest has a small spatial extent compared to the noise is considered. A two stage approach for enhancing the desired signal is presented. At each stage, a two dimensional adaptive filter employing the least mean square (LMS) algorithm is used. By properly choosing the adaptation step size, in the first stage the colored noise is whitened, and in the second stage the desired signal is recovered from the white noise. Procedures for selecting the step size are discussed. Computer simulations to support the results are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reduced sampling schedule for the glucose minimal model: importance of Bayesian estimation (2005)

The minimal model (MM) of glucose kinetics during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) is widely used in clinical studies to measure metabolic indexes such as glucose effectiveness (S(G)) and insulin sensitivity (S(I)). The standard (frequent) IVGTT sampling schedule (FSS) for MM identification consists of 30 points over 4 h. To facilitate clinical application of the MM, reduced sampling schedules (RSS) of 13-14 samples have also been derived for normal subjects. These RSS are especially appealing in large-scale studies. However, with RSS, the precision of S(G) and S(I) estimates deteriorates and, in certain cases, becomes unacceptably poor. To overcome this difficulty, population approaches such as the iterative two-stage (ITS) approach have been recently proposed, but, besides leaving some theoretical issues open, they appear to be oversized for the problem at hand. Here, we show that a Bayesian methodology operating at the single individual level allows an accurate determination of MM parameter estimates together with a credible measure of their precision. Results of 16 subjects show that, in passing from FSS to RSS, there are no significant changes of point estimates in nearly all of the subjects and that only a limited deterioration of parameter precision occurs. In addition, in contrast with the previously proposed ITS method, credible confidence intervals (e.g., excluding negative values) are obtained. They can be crucial for a subsequent use of the estimated MM parameters, such as in classification, clustering, regression, or risk analysis.
Mild, Selective and High-Yield Oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines with Lead(IV) Acetate (2005)

Aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines with lead(IV) acetate under mild reaction conditions is described.The method is very selective, mild and versatile in the synthesis of different substituted pyridines.N H CH 3 CH 3 COOCH 3 CH 3 OOC NO 2 N H CH 3 CH