gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smooth Gear Shift Control System Using Estimated Torque (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An automotive powertrain total control system using estimated output shaft torque has been investigated in order to enhance drivability and improve fuel economy. The system provides efficient control for both the engine and transmission which leads to an enhancement in drivability by reducing shocks during gear shifts.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a new smooth gear shift control method using the total control system. By use of the estimated output shaft torque, it is possible to detect accurately the fluctuation condition and the start time of the inertia phase, which are important factors affecting shock occurrence. Torque feedback, got from estimated torque, was applied to the control of engine output shaft torque during shifts. The optimum hydraulic pressure, also got from estimated torque, was applied to the clutch of the transmission during shifts. The estimated output shaft torque of a hydraulic torque converter was calculated using the input/output shaft speed signal of the hydraulic torque converter and the hydraulic torque converter characteristics.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A test vehicle utilizing an electronically controlled throttle valve was developed to verify the new smooth gear shift control method. The total control system reduced shock during 1-2 upshift by nearly 35%.&lt;/div&gt;
Effective Peroxidase-Like Activity of Co-Aminoclay [CoAC] and Its Application for Glucose Detection (2018)

In this study, we describe a novel peroxidase-like activity of Co-aminoclay [CoAC] present at pH ~5.0 and its application to fluorescent biosensor for the determination of H₂O₂ and glucose. It is synthesized with aminoclays (ACs) entrapping cationic metals such as Fe, Cu, Al, Co., Ce, Ni, Mn, and Zn to find enzyme mimicking ACs by sol-gel ambient conditions. Through the screening of catalytic activities by the typical colorimetric reaction employing 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) as a substrate with or without H₂O₂, Fe, Cu, and CoACs are found to exhibit peroxidase-like activity, as well as oxidase-like activity was observed from Ce and MnACs. Among them, CoAC shows exceptionally high peroxidase-like activity, presumably due to its ability to induce electron transfer between substrates and H₂O₂. CoAC is then used to catalyze the oxidation of Amplex<sup>®</sup> UltraRed (AUR) into a fluorescent end product, which enables a sensitive fluorescent detection of H₂O₂. Moreover, a highly sensitive and selective glucose biosensing strategy is developed, based on enzyme cascade reaction between glucose oxidase (GOx) and CoAC. Using this strategy, a highly linear fluorescence enhancement is verified when the concentration of glucose is increased in a wide range from 10 μM to 1 mM with a lower detection limit of 5 μM. The practical diagnostic capability of the assay system is also verified by its use to detect glucose in human blood serum. Based on these results, it is anticipated that CoAC can serve as potent peroxidase mimetics for the detection of clinically important target molecules.
Diffusion Limitations to I[sub 3][sup −]/I[sup −] Electrolyte Transport Through Nanoporous TiO[sub 2] Networks (2003)

Diffusion limitations due to triiodide transport through nanoporous networks are investigated with the help of a simple device structure, a nanoporous layer directly sintered onto a platinum electrode and immersed in an electrolyte solution. At voltages below 0.3 V, electronic transport in this device is dominated by the catalytic reaction at the Pt/electrolyte interface whereas above approximately 0.4 V current flow is limited by diffusion of triiodide through the nanoporous network. Through the analysis of devices with different layer thicknesses and concentrations we calculate a diffusion constant for of 1.24 in the bulk of the electrolyte and an effective diffusion constant of 0.44 within the pores of the network. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Reflective Display using Ionic Liquid (2009)

We propose a reflective display device using an array of encapsulated micro droplets of a room temperature ionic liquid mixed with pH indicator dyes. The array is embedded in and addressed by a passive matrix. Parylene-on-liquid deposition is employed to encapsulate the liquid droplet arrays. When applying current to each droplet, the liquid mixture changes its color, providing the ability to display a pixel of graphics information. Once changed, the droplets can be tuned back to their initial color by reversing the direction of the applied electric current. The on-off switching time is less than 0.5 s. The response speed of the devices is at least 2 Hz.
Favorable overall survival in stage III melanoma patients after adjuvant dendritic cell vaccination (2015)

Melanoma patients with regional metastatic disease are at high risk for recurrence and metastatic disease, despite radical lymph node dissection (RLND). We investigated the immunologic response and clinical outcome to adjuvant dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in melanoma patients with regional metastatic disease who underwent RLND with curative intent. In this retrospective study, 78 melanoma patients with regional lymph node metastasis who underwent RLND received autologous DCs loaded with gp100 and tyrosinase and were analyzed for functional tumor-specific T cell responses in skin-test infiltrating lymphocytes. The study shows that adjuvant DC vaccination in melanoma patients with regional lymph node metastasis is safe and induced functional tumor-specific T cell responses in 71% of the patients. The presence of functional tumor-specific T cells was correlated with a better 2-year overall survival (OS) rate. OS was significantly higher after adjuvant DC vaccination compared to 209 matched controls who underwent RLND without adjuvant DC vaccination, 63.6 mo vs. 31.0 mo (<i>p</i> = 0.018; hazard ratio 0.59; 95%CI 0.42-0.84). Five-year survival rate increased from 38% to 53% (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In summary, in melanoma patients with regional metastatic disease, who are at high risk for recurrence and metastatic disease after RLND, adjuvant DC vaccination is well tolerated. It induced functional tumor-specific immune responses in the majority of patients and these were related to clinical outcome. OS was significantly higher compared to matched controls. A randomized clinical trial is needed to prospectively validate the efficacy of DC vaccination in the adjuvant setting.
IN VITRO SENSITIVITY TO PREDNISOLONE MAY PREDICT KIDNEY REJECTION AFTER STEROID WITHDRAWAL (1996)

A maintenance immunosuppressive regimen of cyclosporine and steroids after renal transplantation has proven to be a successful policy to obtain long-term graft survival. However, serious side-effects are associated with this therapy; these include an increased risk for infections, cancer, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this pilot study was conducted to investigate the possibility of reducing the immunosuppressive load after transplantation. To this end, we tried to develop an in vitro assay to predict graft rejection after withdrawing steroids from the immunosuppressive therapy. Patients who had stable renal function at least one year after transplantation were randomly divided into a group that continued to receive standard immunosuppression of cyclosporine and steroids and a group to be withdrawn from steroid therapy, the latter group being the subject of the present study. Patients withdrawn from steroids were monitored closely and when a biopsy-proven rejection occurred, steroid treatment was reestablished. Blood was collected from patients preceding steroid withdrawal and at fixed time points thereafter. In case of suspected rejection, blood was also taken before biopsy, before steroid treatment was reestablished. In the in vitro limiting dilution analysis-assays cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies directed against kidney donor HLA-antigens were determined, in the absence or presence of cyclosporine and several concentrations of prednisolone and the combination of these agents. Confirming earlier results, we found that the number of cyclosporine-resistant cytotoxic T lymphocytes increased prior to a rejection crisis, while they did not change or even decreased in patients who retained normal graft function after steroid withdrawal. More importantly, the results show that 10(-7) M prednisolone in vitro differentially affected donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies in patients who experienced a rejection crisis after steroid withdrawal, compared with those who remained to do well. This heterogeneity could be detected before the start of steroid withdrawal. Therefore, we conclude that the present data justify a prospective clinical trial to investigate the possible application of this in vitro assay to predict for which patients steroid withdrawal might be considered.
Fabrication of Porous Si Particles by Barrel Anode Etching (2016)

Porous Si particles were prepared by the barrel anode etching of small Si particles. The depth of the holes formed on the surface of the Si particles could be controlled by changing the anode etching time. The process reported here allows high-throughput preparation of small porous Si particles with controlled geometrical surface structures. The obtained porous Si particles can be applied in various types of functional devices.
A novel switched capacitor lossless inductors quasi-resonant snubber assisted ZCS PWM high frequency series load resonant inverter (2006)

In this paper, a novel type of auxiliary switched capacitor assisted edge resonant soft-switching ZCS PWM quasi-resonant lossless inductor is proposed for consumer induction heating appliances. The operation principle of this high frequency inverter is described using the switching mode equivalent circuits. This newly developed multi resonant high frequency inverter can regulate its high frequency output AC power under a principle of constant frequency edge-resonant zero current soft switching commutation by asymmetrical PWM control scheme. The high frequency power regulation and actual power conversion efficiency characteristics of consumer IH products using the proposed ZCS PWM series load resonant high frequency inverter are evaluated. The practical effectiveness and operating performances of ZCS PWM high frequency inverter are discussed on the basis of simulation and experimental results as compared with the conventional soft switching high frequency inverters.
Capture and On-chip analysis of Melanoma Cells Using Tunable Surface Shear forces (2016)

With new systemic therapies becoming available for metastatic melanoma such as BRAF and PD-1 inhibitors, there is an increasing demand for methods to assist with treatment selection and response monitoring. Quantification and characterisation of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) has been regarded as an excellent non-invasive candidate but a sensitive and efficient tool to do these is lacking. Herein we demonstrate a microfluidic approach for melanoma cell capture and subsequent on-chip evaluation of BRAF mutation status. Our approach utilizes a recently discovered alternating current electrohydrodynamic (AC-EHD)-induced surface shear forces, referred to as nanoshearing. A key feature of nanoshearing is the ability to agitate fluid to encourage contact with surface-bound antibody for the cell capture whilst removing nonspecific cells from the surface. By adjusting the AC-EHD force to match the binding affinity of antibodies against the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (MCSP), a commonly expressed melanoma antigen, this platform achieved an average recovery of 84.7% from biological samples. Subsequent staining with anti-BRAF(V600E) specific antibody enabled on-chip evaluation of BRAF(V600E) mutation status in melanoma cells. We believe that the ability of nanoshearing-based capture to enumerate melanoma cells and subsequent on-chip characterisation has the potential as a rapid screening tool while making treatment decisions.
A modular high precision digital system for hypervelocity projectile performance measurements (2008)

The performance measurement of hypervelocity projectiles in flight is critical in ensuring proper projectile operation, for designing new long-range missile systems with improved accuracy, and for assessing damage to the target upon impact to determine the projectile's lethality. We are developing a modular, low cost, digital X-ray imaging system to measure hypervelocity projectile parameters with high precision and to almost instantaneously map its trajectory in 3D space to compute its pitch, yaw, displacement from its path, and velocity. The preliminary data suggest that this system can render an accuracy of 0.25&deg; in measuring pitch and yaw, an accuracy of 0.03" in estimating displacement from the centerline, and a precision of &plusmn;0.0001% in measuring velocity, which is well beyond the capability of any existing system.
Multi-Gbit I/O and interconnect co-design for power efficient links (2010)

The co-design of a 10Gb/s 45nm CMOS transceiver and low-loss interconnect for parallel links demonstrates 1.4-2.4pJ/bit I/O power efficiency. A C4 bump pattern with an effective 20:3 signal to ground ratio is implemented with on-die transmission line routing to escape from the I/O circuitry to the package-die interface. Top-of-the-package connector based (TPCB) interconnects, including high density interconnect (HDI), bonded polyimide (PI) flex, liquid crystal polymer (LCP) flex and micro-twinax cables, are trace length matched in bundles of 9 or 10 I/O lanes to minimize clocking power while requiring only 2-tap TX equalization and 106-373mVpp-diff TX swing. The link measured maximum lane-to-lane phase mismatch ranged from 6ps to 22ps.
On the Analysis and Design of Practical Quantization for Opportunistic Beamforming (2008)

We propose a closed-loop scheme that combines opportunistic beamforming (OBF) and closed-loop (CL) transmit-diversity (TD) techniques. This quantized OBF scheme is compatible with CL TD algorithms, and allows to adaptively control the amount of feedback overhead according to the number of participating users. Closed-form expressions for the SNR gain of the quantized OBF proposal are derived. Important reductions in the amount of feedback overhead are observed without affecting the SNR gain considerably, when compared to CL TD techniques.
A new sinusoidal phase modeling algorithm (2002)

A new phase modeling algorithm for sinusoidal analysis and synthesis of speech signals is presented. Short-time sinusoidal phases are efficiently approximated by incorporating linear prediction, spectral sampling, delay compensation, and phase correction techniques. The algorithm is different than phase compensation methods proposed for multi-pulse LPC in that it has been tailored to sinusoidal transform coding of speech signals. Performance analysis on a large speech database indicates considerable improvement in temporal and spectral matching between the original and reconstructed signals as compared to other sinusoidal phase models as well as improved subjective quality of the reproduced speech.
Green-Light Nanocolumn Light Emitting Diodes With Triangular-Lattice Uniform Arrays of InGaN-Based Nanocolumns (2014)

Green-light nanocolumn light emitting diodes (LEDs) consisting of triangular-lattice uniform arrays of InGaN-based nanocolumns with lattice constants of 245-350 nm were fabricated with TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> mask selective-area growth by RF-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The built-in core/shell structure of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells was self-assembled, confining carriers in the core of the nanocolumns. The characteristics of the nanocolumn LEDs were evaluated at room temperature under dc current injection in the range from 4.5 to 450 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The emission wavelengths were 515 to 550 nm, and small current-induced spectral blueshifts of 2-11 nm were observed. The linewidth narrowing at a low current density was very small for the nanocolumn LEDs, in which nanocolumns with the same size were homogeneously arranged. The sidewalls of the nanocolumns were passivated by the deposition of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , contributing to the elimination of current leakage paths. The external quantum efficiency was improved with the passivation. Radiation beam angular profiles of the nanocolumn LEDs were evaluated and directional beam radiation was observed at specific wavelengths, which was attributed to the photonic band edge of the periodic nanocolumn arrangement.
Ru-Based Catechothiolate Complexes Bearing an Unsaturated NHC Ligand: Effective Cross-Metathesis Catalysts for Synthesis of (Z)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters, Carboxylic Acids, and Primary, Secondary, and Weinreb Amides (2019)

Despite notable progress, olefin metathesis methods for preparation of ( Z)-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, applicable to the synthesis of a large variety of bioactive molecules, remain scarce. Especially desirable are transformations that can be promoted by ruthenium-based catalysts, as such entities would allow direct access to carboxylic esters and amides, or acids (in contrast to molybdenum- or tungsten-based alkylidenes). Here, we detail how, based on the mechanistic insight obtained through computational and experimental studies, a readily accessible ruthenium catechothiolate complex was found that may be used to generate many α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in up to 81% yield and ≥98:2 Z/ E ratio. We show that through the use of a complex bearing an unsaturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, for the first time, products derived from the more electron-deficient esters, acids, and Weinreb amides (vs primary or secondary amides) can be synthesized efficiently and with high stereochemical control. The importance of the new advance to synthesis of bioactive compounds is illustrated through two representative applications: an eight-step, 15% overall yield, and completely Z-selective route leading to an intermediate that may be used in synthesis of stagonolide E (vs 11 steps, 4% overall yield and 91% Z, previously), and a five-step, 25% overall yield sequence to access a precursor to dihydrocompactin (vs 13 steps and 5% overall yield, formerly).
Ultrabroadband coherent supercontinuum frequency comb (2011)

We present detailed studies of the coherence properties of an ultrabroadband supercontinuum, enabled by a comprehensive approach involving continuous-wave laser sources to independently probe both the amplitude and phase noise quadratures across the entire spectrum. The continuum coherently spans more than 1.5 octaves, supporting Hz-level comparison of ultrastable lasers at 698 nm and 1.54 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m. We present a complete numerical simulation of the accumulated comb coherence in the limit of many pulses, in contrast to the single-pulse level, with systematic experimental verification. The experiment and numerical simulations reveal the presence of quantum-seeded broadband amplitude noise without phase coherence degradation, including the discovery of a dependence of the supercontinuum coherence on the fiber fractional Raman gain.
4210 Development of Pneumatic Master-Slave Hand with Electro Pneumatic Regulator (2007)

In this paper, we have developed a master-slave robot hand. Because of the safety issues raised by robot contact with people, we developed a robot hand that uses balloon-type pneumatic actuator with these issues in mind. The master-slave robot hands works flexibly and imitate human's hand movements by using sensor glove. But since we use ON-OFF pneumatic valves, it is difficult for an artificial muscular type actuator to control high accuracy. So we made the joint model of the five-fingered robot hand, the control system of the joint model has been designed and experimented to confirm the effectiveness of the control system. The result shows that PI control work well to use in robot hand effectively.
Mdm2 facilitates the association of p53 with the proteasome (2010)

The ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 targets the p53 tumor suppressor protein for proteasomal degradation. Mutating phosphorylation sites in the central domain of Mdm2 prevents p53 degradation, although it is still ubiquitylated, indicating that Mdm2 has a post-ubiquitylation function for p53 degradation. We show that Mdm2 associates with several subunits of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle in a ubiquitylation-independent manner. Mdm2 furthermore promotes the formation of a ternary complex of itself, p53, and the proteasome. Replacing phosphorylation sites within the central domain with alanines reduced the formation of the ternary complex. The C-terminus of Mdm2 was sufficient for interaction with the proteasome despite an additional proteasome binding site in the Mdm2 N-terminus. In addition to binding to the proteasome, the C-terminus of Mdm2 bound to the central domain, possibly competing with, and therefore blocking, Mdm2/proteasome interaction. We propose that Mdm2 facilitates, or at least enhances, the association of p53 with the proteasome and that phosphorylation of the central domain of Mdm2 regulates this process.
Photosynergetic amplification of radiation input: from efficient UV induced cycloreversion to sensitive X-ray detection (2020)

Five photochromic terarylenes which show reversible photocyclisation and cycloreversion with relatively high quantum yields are presented. Some of these have been observed to undergo a highly efficient cycloreversion cascade process from their coloured, closed forms to their uncoloured open forms that leads to cycloreversion quantum yields significantly larger than unity. This cascade effect can been induced with both chemical and X-ray initiation; the limit of detection from X-ray initiation has been tested and is comparable to existing systems with detection observed at values as low as 0.3 mGy.
Soluble receptors in human disease (1998)

Soluble cytokine receptors naturally arise from genes encoding membrane-bound receptors or are direct derivatives of the receptors themselves. There is mounting evidence that soluble receptors play important roles in human disease states. In many cases, soluble receptors appear to play an integral part in the dynamic interaction between ligands and their membrane-bound receptors in maintaining and restoring health after a pathological insult but, in some instances, dysregulated expression of soluble receptors can contribute to disease pathology. Nonetheless, an appreciation of the biological actions of soluble receptors, particularly as cytokine inhibitors, has led to their therapeutic use in human diseases. Although early clinical trails of soluble receptors have had unexpected toxicities, their application in medicine continues to advance and it is likely that soluble receptors will join hormones, cytokines, and growth factors as established biological therapies.