gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volumetric additive manufacturing via tomographic reconstruction (2019)

Additive manufacturing promises enormous geometrical freedom and the potential to combine materials for complex functions. The speed, geometry, and surface quality limitations of additive processes are linked to their reliance on material layering. We demonstrated concurrent printing of all points within a three-dimensional object by illuminating a rotating volume of photosensitive material with a dynamically evolving light pattern. We printed features as small as 0.3 millimeters in engineering acrylate polymers and printed soft structures with exceptionally smooth surfaces into a gelatin methacrylate hydrogel. Our process enables us to construct components that encase other preexisting solid objects, allowing for multimaterial fabrication. We developed models to describe speed and spatial resolution capabilities and demonstrated printing times of 30 to 120 seconds for diverse centimeter-scale objects.
Functionalization of optical nanotip arrays with an electrochemical microcantilever for multiplexed DNA detection (2013)

Optical nanotip arrays fabricated on etched fiber bundles were functionalized with DNA spots. Such unconventional substrates (3D and non-planar) are difficult to pattern with standard microfabrication techniques but, using an electrochemical cantilever, up to 400 spots were electrodeposited on the nanostructured optical surface in 5 min. This approach allows each spot to be addressed individually and multiplexed fluorescence detection is demonstrated. Finally, remote fluorescence detection was performed by imaging through the optical fiber bundle itself after hybridisation with the complementary sequence.
High-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of human kidney ex vivo (2009)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapidly emerging imaging modality that can provide non-invasive, cross-sectional, high-resolution images of tissue morphology in situ and in real-time. Previous studies have demonstrated that OCT can non-invasively visualize the pathological changes in the living kidney in real-time using the Munich-Wistar rat model. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, the capability of OCT to non-invasively image the human kidney ex vivo. Characteristic kidney structures including the uriniferous tubules, blood vessels, and glomeruli can be readily discerned. And the diameter and volume of the uriniferous tubules can be automatically quantified. Those parameters might be important for the assessment of the donor kidney's viability prior to transplantation.
Coupling of angiotensin II AT1receptors to neuronal NHE activity and carrier-mediated norepinephrine release in myocardial ischemia (2004)

In ischemia, cardiac sympathetic nerve endings (cSNE) release excessive amounts of norepinephrine (NE) via the nonexocytotic Na(+)-dependent NE transporter (NET). NET, normally responsible for NE reuptake into cSNE, reverses in myocardial ischemia, releasing pathological amounts of NE. This carrier-mediated NE release can be triggered by elevated intracellular Na(+) levels in the axoplasm. The fact that ischemia activates the intracellular pH regulatory Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) in cSNE is pivotal in increasing intraneuronal Na(+) and thus activating carrier-mediated NE release. Angiotensin (ANG) II levels are also significantly elevated in the ischemic heart. However, the effects of ANG II on cSNE, which express the ANG II receptor, AT(1)R, are poorly understood. We hypothesized that ANG II-induced AT(1)R activation in cSNE may be positively coupled to NHE activity and thereby facilitate the pathological release of NE associated with myocardial ischemia. We tested this hypothesis in a cSNE model, human neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with rat recombinant AT(1A) receptor (SH-SY5Y-AT(1A)). SH-SY5Y-AT(1A) constitutively expresses amiloride-sensitive NHE and the NET. NHE activity was assayed in BCECF-loaded SH-SY5Y-AT(1A) as the rate of the Na(+)-dependent alkalinization in response to an acute acidosis. ANG II activation of AT(1)R markedly increased NHE activity in SH-SY5Y-AT(1A) via a Ca(2+)-dependent pathway and promoted carrier-mediated NE release. In addition, in guinea pig cSNE expressing native AT(1)R, ANG II elicited carrier-mediated NE release. In SH-SY5Y-AT(1A) and cSNE, amiloride inhibited the ANG II-mediated release of NE. Our results provide a link between AT(1)R and NHE in cSNE, which can exacerbate carrier-mediated NE release during protracted myocardial ischemia.
Optical Performance Comparison of Deflectable Laparoscopes for Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery (2012)

Definition of these optical characteristics may inform further development and selection of laparoscopic systems optimized for LESS surgery. A narrow but flexible camera can be crucial in the limited working space available during these procedures. Further investigation is warranted to determine if these objective findings translate into improved surgeon performance.
Comprehensive epidemiological and genotype–phenotype analyses in a large European sample with idiopathic achalasia (2016)

Our data point to a role of viral infections in the development of achalasia. In addition, they provide evidence for a relationship between achalasia and allergic, as well as autoimmune, disorders. Furthermore, pregnancy seems to be a disease-triggering factor in female HLA-DQβ1 insertion carriers, which points to hormonal and/or immunosuppressive factors influencing disease development.
Photonic bandgap microcavity devices (2003)

Modern semiconductor microfabrication techniques can be used to define the high quality optical components needed in nanophotonic integrated circuits. Here we show our work on design, fabrication and characterization of ultrasmall lasers, filters, modulators and waveguides in photonic crystals.
Phasevarions Mediate Random Switching of Gene Expression in Pathogenic Neisseria (2009)

Many host-adapted bacterial pathogens contain DNA methyltransferases (mod genes) that are subject to phase-variable expression (high-frequency reversible ON/OFF switching of gene expression). In Haemophilus influenzae, the random switching of the modA gene controls expression of a phase-variable regulon of genes (a "phasevarion"), via differential methylation of the genome in the modA ON and OFF states. Phase-variable mod genes are also present in Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, suggesting that phasevarions may occur in these important human pathogens. Phylogenetic studies on phase-variable mod genes associated with type III restriction modification (R-M) systems revealed that these organisms have two distinct mod genes--modA and modB. There are also distinct alleles of modA (abundant: modA11, 12, 13; minor: modA4, 15, 18) and modB (modB1, 2). These alleles differ only in their DNA recognition domain. ModA11 was only found in N. meningitidis and modA13 only in N. gonorrhoeae. The recognition site for the modA13 methyltransferase in N. gonorrhoeae strain FA1090 was identified as 5'-AGAAA-3'. Mutant strains lacking the modA11, 12 or 13 genes were made in N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae and their phenotype analyzed in comparison to a corresponding mod ON wild-type strain. Microarray analysis revealed that in all three modA alleles multiple genes were either upregulated or downregulated, some of which were virulence-associated. For example, in N. meningitidis MC58 (modA11), differentially expressed genes included those encoding the candidate vaccine antigens lactoferrin binding proteins A and B. Functional studies using N. gonorrhoeae FA1090 and the clinical isolate O1G1370 confirmed that modA13 ON and OFF strains have distinct phenotypes in antimicrobial resistance, in a primary human cervical epithelial cell model of infection, and in biofilm formation. This study, in conjunction with our previous work in H. influenzae, indicates that phasevarions may be a common strategy used by host-adapted bacterial pathogens to randomly switch between "differentiated" cell types.
Development of Novel Shale Swelling Inhibitors Using Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Gemini Surfactants for Water-Based Drilling Fluids (2021)

Abstract In the last decade, hydrophilic Ionic liquids have been emerged as an additive in drilling fluids for clay swelling inhibition. However, the application of hydrophobic Ionic liquids as a clay swelling inhibitor have not been investigated. In this study, the combination of hydrophobic Ionic liquids and Gemini surfactant were studied to evaluate the inhibition performance. The novel combination of hydrophobic ionic liquid (Trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinate) and cationic gemini surfactant (GB) was prepared by mixing various concentrations of both chemicals and then preparing water based drilling fluid using other drilling fluid additives such as rheological modifier, filtration control agent, and pH control agent. The wettability of sodium bentonite was determined by contact angle with different concentrations of combined solution. Some other experiments such as linear swelling, capillary suction test (CST) and bentonite swell index were performed to study the inhibition performance of ionic liquid. Different concentrations of novel combined ionic liquid and gemini surfactant were used to prepare the drilling fluids ranging from (0.1 to 0.5 wt.%), and their performances were compared with the base drilling fluid. The wettability results showed that novel drilling fluid having 0.1% Tpb-P - 0.5% GB wt.% concentration has a maximum contact angle indicating the highly hydrophobic surface. The linear swelling was evaluated over the time of 24 hours, and least swelling of bentonite was noticed with 0.1% Tpb-P - 0.5% GB wt.% combined solution compared to linear swelling in deionized water. Furthermore, the results of CST also suggested the improved performance of novel solution at 0.1% Tpb-P - 0.1% GB concentration. The novel combination The novel combination of hydrophobic ionic liquids and gemini surfactant has been used to formulate the drilling fluid for high temperature applications to modify the wettability and hydration properties of clay. The use of novel combined ionic liquid and gemini surfactant improves the borehole stability by adjusting the clay surface and resulted in upgraded wellbore stability.
HD Video Broadcasting using Scalable Video Coding combined with DVB-S2 Variable Coding and Modulation (2010)

The Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an extension of H.264/AVC offering temporal, spatial, and quality scalability. Compared to the non-scalable profile of H.264/AVC, SVC allows layered transmission of video data. Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM) based DVB-S2 Video Broadcasting Systems enables effective selection of modulation modes and FEC code-rates offering differentiated error protection. In this work the usage of SVC with the DVB-S2 VCM mode has been investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclocondensation of Amino‐propargyl Silanes. (2012)

Abstract The reactions are relatively insensitive to water and air and produce various polycyclic N‐heterocycles bearing an allenic side chain.
Scheduling Data Intensive Particle Physics Analysis Jobs on Clusters of PCs (2005)

Scheduling policies are proposed for parallelizing data intensive particle physics analysis applications on computer clusters. Particle physics analysis jobs require the analysis of tens of thousands of particle collision events, each event requiring typically 200ms processing time and 600KB of data. Many jobs are launched concurrently by a large number of physicists. At a first view, particle physics jobs seem to be easy to parallelize, since particle collision events can be processed independently one from another. However, since large amounts of data need to be accessed, the real challenge resides in making an efficient use of the underlying computing resources. We propose several job parallelization and scheduling policies aiming at reducing job processing times and at increasing the sustainable load of a cluster server. The complexity of each policy is analysed as a measure of the scalability of the system. Since particle collision events are usually reused by several jobs, cache based job splitting strategies considerably increase cluster utilisation and reduce job processing times. Compared with straightforward job scheduling on a processing farm, cache based first in first out job splitting speeds up average response times by an order of magnitude and reduces job waiting times in the system’s queues from hours to minutes. By scheduling the jobs out of order, according to the availability of their collision events in the node disk caches, response times are further reduced, especially at high loads. In the delayed scheduling policy, job requests are accumulated during a time period, divided into subjob requests according to a parameterizable subjob size, and scheduled at the beginning of the next time period according to the availability of their data segments within the disk node caches. Delayed scheduling sustains a load close to the maximal theoretically sustainable load of a cluster, but at the cost of longer average response times. We also propose an adaptive delay scheduling approach, where the scheduling delay is adapted to the current load. This last scheduling approach sustains very high loads and offers low response times at normal loads. We analyse the benefits of pipelining computation and accesses to tertiary storage and to the local disk caches. Pipelining tends to increase the throughput of jobs and allows the system to sustain higher loads. Finally we analyse the complexity of the different scheduling algorithms both in terms of space and time. The system is highly scalable and supports a cluster of up to several tens of thousands of nodes.
An EPS Control Strategy to Improve Steering Maneuverability on Slippery Roads (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper proposes a new Electric Power Steering (EPS) control strategy that improves steering maneuverability especially on slippery roads. In a conventional steering system (including mechanical and hydraulic ones), poor steering wheel returnability associated with reduced alignment torque from the road may lead to awkward handling on slippery roads. In experiments with a test driver, we found that this phenomenon occurs because of the delay in the driver turning the steering wheel to avoid spinning the vehicle. This delay comes from a lower steering wheel returnability than driver expected. Increasing the steering wheel returnability will be effective in avoiding this problem. This can be realized by using the steering angle feedback or the estimated alignment torque feedback. However, the simple feedback of such values will provide drivers with poor road information when the road is slippery. We have developed a new EPS control strategy which certainly provides improved steering wheel returnability and road information on slippery roads. We have tested this control strategy using a test vehicle and confirmed that it provides improved steering maneuverability on slippery roads.&lt;/div&gt;
INTERNET OF THINGS IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY (2017)

The Internet of things (IoT) is emerging as a disruptive technology of the 21st century-an extension of the Internet revolutionwhich has made a tremendous impact on social and business environments. Unfortunately, not everyone in industry in general,and the chemical industry in particular, knows exactly what the Internet of things is or what impact it will have on their business.This paper presents a short essay on how the Internet of things is currently being used in the chemical industry.
Organocatalytic Michael Addition to (D)-Mannitol-Derived Enantiopure Nitroalkenes: A Valuable Strategy for the Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Chiral Molecules (2019)

Carbohydrates are abundant renewable resources and are a feedstock for green chemistry and sustainable synthesis of the future. Among the hexoses and the pentoses present in biomass, mannitol was selected in the present project as a valuable platform, directly available from the chiral pool, to build highly functionalized molecules. Starting from (<i>R</i>)-2,3-O-cyclohexylidene glyceraldehyde, which is easily prepared in a large scale from D-mannitol, an enantiopure chiral nitro alkene was prepared by reaction with nitromethane, and its reactivity studied. Organocatalytic Michael addition of dimethyl malonate, β-keto esters, and other nucleophiles on the nitro alkene afforded high stereoselectivity and densely functionalized chiral molecules, which were further synthetically developed, leading to five-membered lactones and bicyclic lactams. Preliminary studies showed that the metal-free catalytic reaction on the chiral nitro alkene can be performed under continuous flow conditions, thus enabling the use of (micro)mesofluidic systems for the preparation of enantiomerically pure organic molecules from the chiral pool.
Aged Mice Exhibit Greater Mortality Concomitant to Increased Brain and Plasma TNF-α Levels following Intracerebroventricular Injection of Lipopolysaccharide (2000)

These results suggest that the age-related increases in TNF-alpha production and mortality following the intracerebroventricular administration of LPS may be due to an increased endotoxin hypersensitivity of brain microglia/macrophages within aged animals.
Retrospective Continuous-Time Blood Glucose Estimation in Free Living Conditions with a Non-Invasive Multisensor Device (2019)

Even if still at an early stage of development, non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (NI-CGM) sensors represent a promising technology for optimizing diabetes therapy. Recent studies showed that the Multisensor provides useful information about glucose dynamics with a mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 35.4% in a fully prospective setting. Here we propose a method that, exploiting the same Multisensor measurements, but in a retrospective setting, achieves a much better accuracy. Data acquired by the Multisensor during a long-term study are retrospectively processed following a two-step procedure. First, the raw data are transformed to a blood glucose (BG) estimate by a multiple linear regression model. Then, an enhancing module is applied in cascade to the regression model to improve the accuracy of the glucose estimation by retrofitting available BG references through a time-varying linear model. MARD between the retrospectively reconstructed BG time-series and reference values is 20%. Here, 94% of values fall in zone A or B of the Clarke Error Grid. The proposed algorithm achieved a level of accuracy that could make this device a potential complementary tool for diabetes management and also for guiding prediabetic or nondiabetic users through life-style changes.
Synthesis, Fluorescence, and Two‐Photon Absorption Properties of Push–Pull 5‐Arylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Derivatives (2016)

Three series of novel push–pull 5‐arylthieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophene derivatives functionalized with potent electron‐withdrawing terminal moieties have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields by Suzuki coupling followed by Knoevenagel condensation. These novel chromophores show intense absorption in the near‐UV region through to the orange visible region, related to a strong intramolecular charge‐transfer transition. By combining a strong donor and acceptor, large fluorescence quantum yields were achieved as well as large two‐photon absorption responses. Interestingly, due to the improved rigidity and electronic delocalization provided by the thienothiophene moiety (as compared with the bithiophene unit), higher one‐ and two‐photon brightness values have been achieved. As a result, several new fluorescent dyes showing enhanced brightness and tunable fluorescence (ranging from the blue to the NIR region) have been obtained that have potential for bioimaging applications.
Using the wired internet as a control channel for residential wireless LANs (2010)

This paper explores the possibility of using the Internet as a control channel for residential wireless networks (RWLANs). We design and implement Telegram, an architecture in which nearby APs coordinate their wireless transmissions over the wired Internet. The latency of coordination is resolved by scheduling packets slightly in advance. Testbed experiments show consistent performance gains, not only due to reduced control traffic, but also due to TDMA-like scheduling in space and time. Motivated by early results, ongoing work is focused on developing a fully-functional system solution.
Immobilization of individual nanotubes in graphitic layers for electrical characterization (2014)

A simple route is followed to produce an abundance of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) immobilized in graphitic layers to counter the challenge of locating individual CNTs and restrict the lateral displacement of CNTs due to the high electrostatic force exerted by a scanning tunnelling microscope tip for electrical characterization. Graphitic layers are selected for the embedding matrix as graphite and the nanotubes have a similar work function and hence would not perturb the electrical configuration of the nanotube. Solvent mediated exfoliation of graphite layers to insert the nanotubes was preferred over oxidative expansion, as oxidation could perturb the electrical configuration of graphite. During the exfoliation of graphite the optimized amount of nanotubes was introduced into the medium such that an individual nanotube could be immobilized in few-layer graphene followed by precipitation and centrifugation. The dose and the time of sonication were optimized to ensure that damage to the walls of the nanotubes is minimized, although the ultrasonication causes scissoring of the nanotube length. This procedure for immobilizing nanotubes in graphitic layers would be equally applicable for functionalized CNTs as well. The capability of embedding individual nanotubes into a similar work function material in an organic solvent, which could then be transferred onto a substrate by simple drop casting or spin coating methods, has an added advantage in sample preparation for the STM characterization of CNTs.
Estimation of Timing Offsets and Phase Shifts between Packet Replicas in MARSALA Random Access (2016)

Multi-replicA decoding using corRelation baSed LocALisAtion (MARSALA) is a recent random access technique designed for satellite return links. It follows the multiple transmission and interference cancellation scheme of Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted Aloha (CRDSA). In addition, at the receiver side, MARSALA uses autocorrelation to localise replicas of a same packet so as to coherently combine them. Previous work has shown good performance of MARSALA with an assumption of ideal channel state information and perfectly coherent combining of the different replicas of a given packet. However, in a real system, synchronisation errors such as timing offsets and phase shifts between the replicas on separate timeslots will result in less constructive combining of the received signals. This paper describes a method to estimate and compensate the timing and phase differences between the replicas, prior to their combination. Then, the impact of signal misalignment in terms of residual timing offsets and phase shifts, is modeled and evaluated analytically. Finally, the performance of MARSALA in realistic channel conditions is assessed through simulations, and compared to CRDSA in various scenarios.
Patients With Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination (2021)

In this study, magnetic resonance imaging findings were found to be consistent with acute myocarditis in 7 patients; 4 of whom had preceding COVID-19 vaccination. Further investigation is needed to determine associations of COVID-19 vaccination and myocarditis.