gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introducing KeyRing self‐timed microarchitecture and timing‐driven design flow (2021)

Abstract A self‐timed microarchitecture called KeyRing is presented, and a method for implementing KeyRing circuits compatible with a timing‐driven electronic design automation (EDA) flow is discussed. The KeyRing microarchitecture is derived from the AnARM, a low‐power self‐timed ARM processor based on ad hoc design principles. First, the unorthodox design style and circuit structures are revisited. A theoretical model that can support the design of generic circuits and the elaboration of EDA methods is then presented. Also addressed are the compatibility issues between KeyRing circuits and timing‐driven EDA flows. The proposed method leverages relative timing constraints to translate the timing relations in a KeyRing circuit into a set of timing constraints that enable timing‐driven synthesis and static timing analysis. Finally, two 32‐bit RISC‐V processors are presented; called KeyV and based on KeyRing microarchitectures, they are synthesized in a 65 nm technology using the proposed EDA flow. Postsynthesis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the design methodology and allow comparisons with a synchronous alternative called SynV. Performance and power consumption evaluations show that KeyV has a power efficiency that lies between SynV with clock‐gating and SynV without clock‐gating.
Technetium-99m bis (aminoethanethiol) complexes with amine sidechains--potential brain perfusion imaging agents for SPECT. (1987)

In an effort to develop new clinically useful technetium-99m bis(aminoethanethiol) ([99mTc]BAT) complexes for the evaluation of regional cerebral perfusion, two new BAT ligands containing amines in the sidechain were synthesized and subsequently complexed with 99mTc to yield the target complexes: [99mTc]DEA and [99mTc]TMPDA. Each complex was obtained as mixtures of two isomers, syn and anti, which were separated chromatographically. In biodistribution studies, both isomers of [99mTc]TMPDA showed little uptake in the brain. In contrast, the brain uptake values at 2 and 15 min for [99mTc]DEA-anti were 0.99 and 0.26, whereas, the corresponding values for DEA-syn were 2.27, 0.64% dose/organ, respectively. Autoradiographic studies (in rats) using both isomers of [99mTc]DEA show a fixed regional distribution and a higher concentration of radioactivity in the gray matter relative to the white matter. Planar imaging using [99mTc]DEA-syn clearly demonstrates localization of the complex in the brain with a T 1/2 of 41 min, suggesting some potential for use with single photon emission computed tomography.
Rise Time Characteristics on the Order of Picoseconds of Negative PD Current Pulses in SF6 Gas and Mineral Oil and Impact of PD-Emitted EM Waves on the 5G Frequency Band (2022)

This paper deals with very steep rise time characteristics with pico-seconds of negative PD current pulse in SF<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> gas and mineral oil by changing the electric utilization factor. The minimum rise time measured in mineral oil was 8.77 ps. Based on the measurement results, the frequency properties of PD-emitted EM waves in mineral oil and SF<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> gas were discussed by modifying the PD current waveform with a Gaussian pulse from the viewpoint of their impact on 5G communications.
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) deficiency accelerates cardiomyocyte differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (2021)

Deficiency of GSNOR or addition of GSNO accelerates early differentiation and maturation of iPSC-cardiomyocytes.
505. Treatment of DMD 5’ Mutations Through Two Different exon2 Skipping Strategies: Intramuscular Delivery of rAAV9.snRNA Mediated Skipping and Antisense Morpholino Oligomers (2015)

To date, exon-skipping therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients have focused on patients with out-of-frame exon deletions, in whom treatment results in larger but in-frame internal deletions which lead to translation of an internally truncated but partially functional dystrophin protein. We are developing exon-skipping therapies for exon duplication mutations, accounting for around 6% of all mutations, with the intent to induce production of wild-type transcripts and protein. As a model of the most common single exon duplication, we have developed a new mouse with a duplication of exon 2 (the Dup2 mouse) that largely recapitulates the findings in the standard mdx mouse. Using this mouse, we are testing both virally (AAV) mediated skipping induced by a modified U7snRNA (rAAV9.U7.ACCA), and antisense oligomer-induced skipping. Intramuscular injections of the tibialias anterior (TA) (N=6 muscles each) were performed rAAV9.U7.ACCA at 6 doses between 1×1010 and 1×1012 total vector genomes. Intramuscular (TA) injections of an exon 2-directed antisense peptide-morpholino conjugate (PPMO) were performed at doses of either 10 or 20 ug total PPMO (N=3 each). For each study, mice were sacrificed 1 month post injection and muscle analysis of DMD mRNA and dystrophin protein expression. Treatment with either modality results in significant skipping of the duplicated exon 2, and expression of a functional dystrophin isoform at levels of up to 30% of normal with AAV-mediated skipping. Physiology has been assessed in the AAV-treated mice, in which correction of TA absolute force deficits in comparison to the background Bl6 strain are seen, along with a partial yet significant correction of eccentric contraction injury in comparison to untreated Dup2 mice. These data suggest that skipping of a duplicated exon 2 may be a feasible therapeutic approach, particularly because skipping of exon 2 may be associated with an apparently unlimited therapeutic window. Over-skipping – to the exclusion of exon 2 entirely – results in activation of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located in exon 5 of dystrophin that allows for cap-independent translation from an alternative initiation site within exon 6. This alternate dystrophin isoform is highly functional despite being N-truncated, consistent with the observation that patients expressing it have minimally symptomatic (or even asymptomatic) Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and suggesting a potential route to therapy for any of the approximately 5% of patients with mutations in the 5’ end of the gene.
Machine Learning and Algorithms: Let Us Team Up for EDA (2022)

This article argues that the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with well-established algorithmic approaches can overcome challenges faced by current applications of ML to electronic design automation problems. The standard cell routing problem is used as a showcase for the proposed approach.
Analytical Optimization Using Computer Algebraic Manipulation (1975)

article Free Access Share on Analytical Optimization Using Computer Algebraic Manipulation Author: David R. Stoutemyer College of Engineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI College of Engineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HIView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Mathematical SoftwareVolume 1Issue 2June 1975 pp 147–164https://doi.org/10.1145/355637.355641Published:01 June 1975Publication History 14citation457DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations14Total Downloads457Last 12 Months20Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Data bit distortion induced by slow light in optical communication systems (2006)

Slow-light components will degrade the data bits in an optical communication system due to narrow-band amplitude and phase responses. A bit-pattern dependence is produced in the output data stream. These effects are observed in simulation as well as in an experiment based on slow light induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an optical fiber. We define figure of merit involving pulse delay and data degradation to optimize slow-light components. It is demonstrated experimentally and numerically that the pattern dependence can be reduced by detuning the slow-light devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent versus Domino Reactions: One‐Pot Free‐Radical Synthesis of β‐Amino‐Ethers and β‐Amino‐Alcohols. (2015)

Abstract Quaternary β‐amino‐ethers and ‐alcohols are synthesized by optimized one‐pot, three‐component reaction of aryl amines, ketones, and ethers or alcohols mediated by a TiCl 4 /Zn/tBuOOH system.
High aspect ratio surface relief structures by photoembossing (2007)

Photoembossing is a convenient and economical process to form complex surface relief structures in polymer thin films. We have improved the aspect ratio of photoembossed microstructures by adding t-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) to the polymerization mixture. The mechanism that is proposed is based on the radical transfer principle, where TBHQ converts acrylate radicals into stable phenol radicals that at elevated temperatures act as latent initiators, thereby controlling the kinetics without changing the number of polymerization active sites. As a result, the aspect ratio can be improved with a factor of 5–7 in comparison with previously proposed similar processes.
"Why would anybody do this?" (2016)

Diversifying participation in crowd work can benefit the worker and requester. Increasing numbers of older adults are online, but little is known about their awareness of or how they engage in mainstream crowd work. Through an online survey with 505 seniors, we found that most have never heard of crowd work but would be motivated to complete tasks by earning money or working on interesting or stimulating tasks. We follow up results from the survey with interviews and observations of 14 older adults completing crowd work tasks. While our survey data suggests that financial incentives are encouraging, in-depth interviews reveal that a combination of personal and social incentives may be stronger drivers of participation, but only if older adults can overcome accessibility issues and understand the purpose of crowd work. This paper contributes insights into how crowdsourcing sites could better engage seniors and other users.
Self-Sampling for Human Papillomavirus Testing: Increased Cervical Cancer Screening Participation and Incorporation in International Screening Programs (2018)

In most industrialized countries, screening programs for cervical cancer have shifted from cytology (Pap smear or ThinPrep) alone on clinician-obtained samples to the addition of screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), its main causative agent. For HPV testing, self-sampling instead of clinician-sampling has proven to be equally accurate, in particular for assays that use nucleic acid amplification techniques. In addition, HPV testing of self-collected samples in combination with a follow-up Pap smear in case of a positive result is more effective in detecting precancerous lesions than a Pap smear alone. Self-sampling for HPV testing has already been adopted by some countries, while others have started trials to evaluate its incorporation into national cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling may result in more individuals willing to participate in cervical cancer screening, because it removes many of the barriers that prevent women, especially those in low socioeconomic and minority populations, from participating in regular screening programs. Several studies have shown that the majority of women who have been underscreened but who tested HPV-positive in a self-obtained sample will visit a clinic for follow-up diagnosis and management. In addition, a self-collected sample can also be used for vaginal microbiome analysis, which can provide additional information about HPV infection persistence as well as vaginal health in general.
Felbamate (1993)

FBM appears to be an effective new AEM. Additional studies as to its role in newly diagnosed and pregnant patients are needed. Pharmacokinetic studies in children, patients with renal failure, and patients on nonepilepsy drugs also are needed.
A sensitivity optimization approach to design of a disturbance observer in digital motion control systems (2000)

This paper is concerned with a digital design methodology for the disturbance observer. The controller (disturbance observer) is designed such that the system sensitivity function is made to match a chosen target sensitivity function by numerical optimization. One advantage of the proposed design method is that the tradeoff between command following, disturbance suppression, and measurement noise rejection is made transparent in the process of the control system design. This allows the system designer to bypass the effort of obtaining a highly accurate system model. Another aim of this research, relative to previous works, is to study how the design specifications can be best structured in the digital filter (a main component of the disturbance observer) for easy implementation. The robust feedback controller, designed in the velocity loop, is used in conjunction with a feedback controller located in the position loop and a feedforward controller acting on the desired output to construct a control structure for high-speed/high-accuracy motion control. Simulation and experiments applied to a high-speed XY table designed for micro positioning demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
An anergic, islet-infiltrating T-cell clone that suppresses murine diabetes secretes a factor that blocks interleukin 2/interleukin 4-dependent proliferation. (1992)

The mechanism of peripheral immunological tolerance has not been fully established. While anergic T cells have been noted in tolerant hosts, the mechanism by which they contribute to the induction and maintenance of tolerance has not been defined. As we previously reported, an accelerated form of diabetogenic autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic mice can be blocked by passive transfer of a CD3+, CD8+, beta-chain variable region 11-positive islet-infiltrating T-cell clone (IS-2.15). In this report we examine the properties of this T-cell clone. We have established that this clone is unresponsive to mitogenic concentrations of anti-T-cell receptor or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and is only weakly responsive to syngeneic islet and spleen cells. Moreover, these T cells secrete an inhibitory factor(s) that irreversibly inhibits interleukin (IL) 2/IL-4-driven proliferation of IL-2/IL-4 indicator T-cell lines. This noncytotoxic factor, which possesses an apparent size of 10-30 kDa, does not interfere with low-affinity IL-2 receptor expression. These data indicate that at least some anergic T cells can play an active role in peripheral tolerance by secreting suppressor factor(s) that regulate IL-2/IL-4-dependent proliferation.
Is Infant-Directed Speech Prosody a Result of the Vocal Expression of Emotion? (2000)

Many studies have found that infant-directed (ID) speech has higher pitch, has more exaggerated pitch contours, has a larger pitch range, has a slower tempo, and is more rhythmic than typical adult-directed (AD) speech. We show that the ID speech style reflects free vocal expression of emotion to infants, in comparison with more inhibited expression of emotion in typical AD speech. When AD speech does express emotion, the same acoustic features are used as in ID speech. We recorded ID and AD samples of speech expressing love-comfort, fear, and surprise. The emotions were equally discriminable in the ID and AD samples. Acoustic analyses showed few differences between the ID and AD samples, but robust differences across the emotions. We conclude that ID prosody itself is not special. What is special is the widespread expression of emotion to infants in comparison with the more inhibited expression of emotion in typical adult interactions.
D062 Mechanics of microelectronic structures as revealed by X-ray diffraction— invited (2006)

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Polarized light emission from semipolar GaInN quantum wells on {11¯01} GaN facets (2007)

GaInN quantum wells with reduced piezoelectric field deposited epitaxially on the {11¯01} facets of selectively grown GaN stripes show distinct polarization properties of the emitted light. Systematic electro- and photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the light is linearly polarized parallel to the stripes, representing the ⟨112¯0⟩ direction of the GaN crystal. Our model calculations show that this is a consequence of the strain-induced valence-band splitting depending on the crystal orientation. The polarization ratio is calculated and compared to measured values.
A novel Sense-Transmit-Wait strategy for coexistence of Cognitive Radio networks with IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2010)

Detection of spectral white space and the adoption of optimal secondary user transmission policies are the two crucial aspects of a Cognitive Radio system. In this paper we study the problem of optimal utilization of time domain holes in an unsaturated IEEE 802.11 network. We also design a scheme for the coexistence of a secondary system with an IEEE 802.11 network such that it does not affect the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer behavior of the network by mitigating the infamous “Capture Effect”. Specifically, we propose a Sense-Transmit-Wait strategy which allows the secondary user to effectively decide how often to transmit, when to transmit and the duration for which to transmit while adhering to strict interference constraints imposed via an upper bounded Probability of Collision (p0). Through extensive simulations and analysis of real world 802.11 packet captures, we demonstrate the ability of our proposed system to successfully setup a cognitive network and deliver a significant throughput enhancement.
Abstract PR07: Functional analysis of diverse oncogenic driver mutations using an isogenic cell line library identifies novel drug responses and alterations in metabolism (2015)

Abstract There is an urgent need in oncology to link molecular aberrations in tumors with altered cellular behaviors, such as metabolic derangements, and to identify novel therapeutics for cancer treatment. We have sought to identify synthetic-lethal genetic interactions that cancer cells acquire in the presence of specific mutations. Using engineered isogenic cells, we generated an unbiased and quantitative chemical-genetic interaction map that measures the influence of 51 aberrant cancer genes on 90 drug responses. The dataset strongly predicts drug responses found in cancer cell line collections, indicating that isogenic cells can model more complex cellular contexts. Applied to triple-negative breast cancer, we report clinically actionable interactions with the MYC oncogene including resistance to PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors and an unexpected sensitivity to dasatinib through LYN inhibition in a synthetic-lethal manner. These studies provide new drug and biomarker pairs for clinical investigation. We have also performed global metabolomics analysis in a subset of the isogenic cell lines demonstrating alterations in metabolic pathways that are shared across multiple oncogenes, as well as those that are distinct to specific oncogenic drivers. This scalable approach enables the prediction of drug responses from patient data and can be used to accelerate the development of new genotype-directed therapies. This abstract is also presented as a poster at the Translation of the Cancer Genome conference. Citation Format: Maria M. Martins, Alicia Y. Zhou, Alexandra Corella, Dai Horiuchi, Christina Yau, Taha Rakshandehroo, John D. Gordan, Rebecca S. Levin, Jeff Johnson, John Jascur, Mike Shales, Antonio Sorrentino, Jaime Cheah, Paul A. Clemons, Alykhan Shamji, Stuart Schreiber, Stuart Schreiber, Nevan J. Krogan, Kevan M. Shokat, Kevan M. Shokat, Frank McCormick, Daniel Nomura, Sourav Bandyopadhyay, Andrei Goga. Functional analysis of diverse oncogenic driver mutations using an isogenic cell line library identifies novel drug responses and alterations in metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr PR07.
Self-injection locking of a vortex spin torque oscillator by delayed feedback (2015)

The self-synchronization of spin torque oscillators is investigated experimentally by re-injecting its radiofrequency (rf) current after a certain delay time. We demonstrate that the emission power and the spectral linewidth are improved for optimal delay times. Moreover by varying the phase difference between the emitted power and the re-injected one, we find a clear oscillatory dependence with a 2π periodicity of the frequency of the oscillator as well as its power and linewidth. Such periodical behavior within the self-injection regime is well described by the general model of nonlinear auto-oscillators including not only a delayed rf current but also all spin torque forces responsible for the self-synchronization. Our results reveal new approaches for controlling the non-autonomous dynamics of spin torque oscillators, a key issue for rf spintronics applications as well as for the development of neuro-inspired spin-torque oscillators based devices.
Immunogold Localization of the L3 Protein of Maize Lipid Bodies during Germination and Seedling Growth (1988)

We have used antibodies directed against the 16.5 kilodalton protein L3, the most abundant integral protein of maize (Zea mays L. cv Mo 17) lipid bodies, to follow the fate of this protein in scutellar parenchyma cells of maize during germination and subsequent seedling growth. Using gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting as well as immunocytochemical electron microscopy, we found that the amount of L3 decreases gradually during the first 3 to 4 days of seedling growth and more rapidly over the course of the next several days. Immunogold localization of the protein on thin sections indicated that L3 is found exclusively in the surface phospholipid monolayer of lipid bodies. The density of L3 in the surface layer of individual lipid bodies does not change during seedling growth; therefore, the decrease in the amount of L3 can be attributed to a decrease in the number of lipid bodies rather than to selective removal of protein components from the surface of all lipid bodies. Thus, L3 is apparently degraded at the same time as the matrix lipid of each lipid body. Unlike lipase, L3 does not appear to be transferred to other cellular compartments such as vacuoles during late stages of seedling growth.
Stereoselective syntheses of α-hydroxy-γ-amino acids: possible γ-turn mimetics (1995)

Enantiomerically pure 4-amino-allyloxy-acetates, prepared from L-amino acids, undergo a Stereoselective Wittig rearrangements with formation of the corresponding α-hydroxy-γ-amino acid esters having γ-turn conformational features.