gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing ARIA‐E severity scales and effects of treatment management thresholds (2022)

Abstract Background Vasogenic edema and sulcal effusions detected with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), known as Amyloid‐Related Imaging Abnormalities‐Edema (ARIA‐E), are manageable side effects of anti‐amyloid immunotherapies. Periodic MRI scans with severity assessment of ARIA‐E are used in clinical trials or to guide practice with these therapies. Several scales with varying complexity measure radiological ARIA‐E severity to guide dosing. The ongoing GRADUATE studies use the 60‐point Barkhof Grand Total Scale (BGTS) 1 , continuing treatment for asymptomatic ARIA‐E ≤ 3, and temporarily suspending dosing for BGTS &gt; 3. Other studies have used Simple ARIA‐E Severity Scales 2 (SAESS‐3, SAESS‐5), continuing treatment for asymptomatic SAESS‐3 ≤ 1, but temporarily suspending dose for SAESS‐3 &gt; 1 3 . We previously reported good correlation between BGTS, SAESS‐3, and SAESS‐5 by a single reader. Here we report correlations among these scales scored by multiple readers and assess the impact of these various scores on ARIA management. Methods T2‐FLAIR MRI scans were selected from a representative set of incident ARIA‐E cases (70 with previously detected ARIA‐E, 5 without ARIA‐E from original BGTS assessment) in the SCarlet RoAD (NCT01224106) and Marguerite RoAD (NCT02051608) Phase III studies. Three experienced neuroradiologists scored ARIA‐E severity using the 3 scales from pairs of baseline/follow‐up scans, blinded to prior read results. Median results of the 3 readers were computed for further analysis. Result Inter‐reader agreement for all 3 scales was high (ICC=0.866 [0.811, 0.908], 0.888 [0.841, 0.924], and 0.858 [0.776, 0.910] for the SAESS‐3, SAESS‐5, and BGTS scales respectively). Spearman’s rank correlation with BGTS scale was 0.88 for the SAESS‐3 scale and 0.90 for SAESS‐5. Median interquartile range (IQR) BGTS scores for the two simplified scales are shown in Figure 1. Best agreement for the SAESS‐3 &gt; 1 treatment management threshold was achieved with BGTS &gt; 3, with an accuracy of 93.3% (Figure 2). Conclusions SAESS‐3 and SAESS‐5, which may be more suitable for routine clinical practice, are well correlated to the BGTS scale. Treatment management based on the SAESS‐3 &gt; 1 threshold shows high agreement with the BGTS &gt; 3 threshold. 1. Barkhof et al., 2013; AJNR 34:8. 2. Bracoud et al., 2017; AAIC. P1‐047. 3. ADUHELM (aducanumab‐avwa) FDA PI.
Demonstration and Fabrication Tolerance Study of a Low-Loss, Ultra-broadband Rapid Adiabatic 3-dB Coupler in a Next- Generation 45 nm Monolithic Electronic-Photonic Platform (2021)

We demonstrate a rapid adiabatic coupler (RAC) with 50 ± 1.08% power splitting ratio over 100 nm and insertion loss &lt;0.2 dB at 1290 nm. We measure the device over seven reticles and show low variations in splitting ratio and insertion loss across the wafer.
Modification of the Oxide/Semiconductor Interface by High Temperature NO Treatments: A Combined EPR, NRA and XPS Study on Oxidized Porous and Bulk n-Type 4H-SiC (2005)

The effect of thermal treatments in nitric oxide (NO) on the paramagnetic defects at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface are analyzed by EPR in oxidized porous samples. The results on ultrathin thermal oxides show that the NO treatment at 1000°C is insufficient for an efficient reduction of the two dominant paramagnetic interface defects: PbC centers and carbon clusters. From the NRA and XPS analysis of bulk samples treated under the same conditions we attribute the weak effect to the low nitrogen concentration of only 1% at the interface.
Synthesis, Characterization and Host-Guest Complexation of Asplatin: Improved In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility as Compared to Cisplatin (2022)

<i>Para-</i>sulfocalix[n]arenes are promising host molecules that can accommodate various chemotherapeutic drugs. Pt(IV)-based complexes, including satraplatin and asplatin, are promising alternatives that overcome the shortcomings of Pt(II) complexes. In this study, asplatin has been synthesized by fusing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and cisplatin. Furthermore, it has been characterized using <sup>1</sup>H NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and UHPLC. A host-guest complex of asplatin and <i>p</i>-sulfocalix[4]arene (PSC4) has been developed and characterized using UV, Job's plot analysis, HPLC, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental and computational investigations propose that a 1:1 complex between asplatin and PSC4 is formed. The stability constant of the designed complex has been determined using Job's plot and UHPLC and computed to be 9.1 × 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> and 8.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, which corresponds to a free energy of complexation of -6.8 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup>, while the calculated value for the inclusion free energy is -13.2 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup>. Both experimentally and theoretically estimated complexation free energy show that a stable host-guest complex can be formed in solution. The in vitro drug release study displayed the ability of the complex to release its cargo at a cancerous pH (pH of 5.5). Additionally, the asplatin/PSC4 complex is shown to be biocompatible when tested on human skin fibroblast noncancerous cells, demonstrating the highest in vitro cytotoxic activity against (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), and lung cancer cells (A-549), with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.75, 2.15, and 3.60 µg/mL, respectively. This is as compared to either cisplatin (IC<sub>50</sub> of 5.47, 5.94 and 9.61 µg/mL, respectively) or asplatin (IC<sub>50</sub> of 1.54, 5.05 and 3.91 µg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, the free asplatin exhibited higher cytotoxicity on cancerous cells and lower toxicity on noncancerous cells. The outcomes of the present joint theoretical and experimental investigation reinforce the interest in platinum-based anticancer therapeutics when they are protected from undesired interactions and suggest the use of the PSC4 macromolecule as a promising carrier for Pt(IV) anticancer drugs. The formed asplatin/PSC4 inclusion complex may represent an effective chemotherapeutic agent.
Forensic techniques for classifying scanner, computer generated and digital camera images (2008)

Digital images can be captured or generated by a variety of sources including digital cameras, scanners and computer graphics softwares. In many cases it is important to be able to determine the source of a digital image such as for criminal and forensic investigation. This paper presents methods for distinguishing between an image captured using a digital camera, a computer generated image and an image captured using a scanner. The method proposed here is based on the differences in the image generation processes used in these devices and is independent of the image content. The method is based on using features of the residual pattern noise that exist in images obtained from digital cameras and scanners. The residual noise present in computer generated images does not have structures similar to the pattern noise of cameras and scanners. The experiments show that a feature based approach using an SVM classifier gives high accuracy.
Reactive Absorption (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Reactive Absorption Equipment Modeling Concept General Aspects Equilibrium Stage Model HTU/NTU-concept and Enhancement Factors Rate-based Stage Model Balance Equations Mass Transfer and Reaction Coupling in the Fluid Film Model Parameters Thermodynamic Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium Physical Properties Mass Transport and Fluid Dynamics Properties Reaction Kinetics Case Studies Absorption of NOx Chemical System Process Set-up Modeling Peculiarities Model Parameters Results Coke Gas Purification Chemical System Process Set-up Modeling Peculiarities Model Parameters Results Dynamic Issues CO3 Absorption by Aqueous Amine Solutions Chemical System Process Set-up Modeling Peculiarities Model Parameters Results SO2 Absorption into Aqueous NaHCO3/Na2CO3 Solutions Chemical System Process Set-up Modeling Peculiarities Model Parameters Results Conclusions and Outlook Acknowledgments Symbols References
A nonlinear regression approach to model the physical aging of poly(ether imide) (1997)

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the relaxation enthalpy of glassy amorphous poly(ether imide) (PEI) at three high isothermal aging temperatures between 190 and 200°C. A three‐parameter model based on the Williams‐Watts relaxation function was utilized to describe the aging process of PEI, and nonlinear regression approach was used to estimate the model parameters. The prediction according to this model was found to be more accurate in comparison with the two‐parameter model based on the same Williams‐Watts relaxation function. Furthermore, the peculiar aging behavior at the highest aging temperature of 200°C was explained from the molecular view point of transition from sub‐ T g β‐relaxation to α‐relaxation near T g .
Applications of Shack-Hartman wavefront sensing and adaptive optics for in place laser gain media measurements and for horizontal path optical communications (1997)

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is a miniaturized version of the classical Hartmann mask extended by using a two-dimensional array of lenslets that is optically conjugate to the wavefront surface under test. The sensitivity and dynamic range of the wavefront measurement is controlled by the combination of reimaging optics and the diameter and focal length of the lenslet array. This allows an adjustment of the gradient measurement sensitivity . As the beam size is reduced in reimaging the test surface, the angular spread of the beam is magnified. This magnification increases the size of the gradients or tilts of the ray bundles from micro-radians to milliradians for typical testing configurations. Measurements of such large angles are not so prone to error due to mechanical and thermal instabilities in the sensor equipment as are interferometric sensors where dimensional stability must always be measured in parts of a micron. It is this flexibility that makes it possible for the same sensor system to measure with very high accuracy the wavefront produced by a Hubble Space Telescope simulator and, with a change of lens array, the shape of f/0.7 paraboloids.
4‐(2‐Aminoethoxy)‐N‐(phenylsulfonyl)indoles as Novel 5‐HT6 Receptor Ligands. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Differences in thermal and mechanochemical polymorphism. Effects of impurity on the system aragonite–calcite (1988)

The effects of incorporated Pb2+ and Sr2+ on the thermal and mechanochemical transformations of aragonite into calcite have been studied. The rate of thermal transformation is remarkably retarded on doping. The rate of mechanochemical transformation, in contrast, increases slightly on doping with Pb2+, whereas it decreases slightly on doping with Sr2+. The difference between the two processes is interpreted by assuming that the reduction in the dislocation movement on doping retards the thermal transformation, whereas the retardation effect is overcome by the applied shear stress. In addition, the local decomposition of PbCO3 during grinding in air might have enhanced the mechanochemical transformation of aragonite doped with Pb2+. After the mechanical treatment, the apparent enthalpy of the transformation was reduced, presumably because of the partial cancellation of the endothermic heat of transformation by the liberation of excess enthalpy, as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry.
exTouch (2013)

As domestic robots and smart appliances become increasingly common, they require a simple, universal interface to control their motion. Such an interface must support a simple selection of a connected device, highlight its capabilities and allow for an intuitive manipulation. We propose "exTouch", an embodied spatially-aware approach to touch and control devices through an augmented reality mediated mobile interface. The "exTouch" system extends the users touchscreen interactions into the real world by enabling spatial control over the actuated object. When users touch a device shown in live video on the screen, they can change its position and orientation through multi-touch gestures or by physically moving the screen in relation to the controlled object. We demonstrate that the system can be used for applications such as an omnidirectional vehicle, a drone, and moving furniture for reconfigurable room.
Highly Efficient Bule‐Emitting Bi‐Doped Cs2SnCl6 Perovskite Variant: Photoluminescence Induced by Impurity Doping (2020)

Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1801131 In the initially published version of this article, the calculated formation enthalpies of the Bi-related impurities in Figure 5b and Figure S8 are incorrect. The errors were introduced when determining the chemical potentials of Bi dopant. The corrected Figure 5 and Figure S8 are given below. The text on page 5 “BiSn also can hardly form under the Sn4+-rich/Sn2+-poor conditions (i.e., in the high μSn regions C–F in the yellow region in Figure 5a) due to the too high ΔH values; but it can form under Sn4+-poor/Sn2+-rich conditions (in the low μSn regions A, B, and G), where the ΔH values are low and even negative.” should be revised as “BiSn also can hardly form under the Sn4+-rich/Sn2+-poor conditions (i.e., in the high ΔμSn region near points C–F in the yellow region in Figure 5a) due to the too high ΔH values; but it can form under Sn4+-poor/Sn2+-rich conditions (in the low ΔμSn region near point A), where the ΔH values are as low as 0.18 eV.” The text on page 6 “For example, as discussed in Figure 5b, simultaneous formation of VCl along with BiSn (i.e., defect complex) has almost the same ΔH as a simple substitution BiSn.” should be revised as “As shown in Figure 5b, simultaneous formation of VCl along with BiSn (i.e., defect complex) has lower ΔH than the simple substitution BiSn.” None of the conclusions of the main text are affected by this correction. The authors apologize for any inconvenience or misunderstanding that the errors may have caused.
Analysis of the cost function used in simulated annealing for CT image reconstruction (1990)

When simulated annealing is applied to an ill-posed reconstruction of computer tomography images, the cost function should be appropriately modified to suppress artifacts arising from the ambiguity of null components. This paper shows such modification of the cost function and proves its performance through singular value decomposition analysis. Computer simulation shows good agreement with the analysis.
Construction of Linked Urban Problem Data with Causal Relations Using Crowdsourcing (2017)

Municipalities in Japan have various urban problems such as traffic accidents, illegally parked bicycles, and noise pollution. However, using these data to solve urban problems is difficult, as these data are not structurally managed. Hence, we aim to construct the Linked Data infrastructure that will facilitate the solving of urban problems. In this paper, we propose a method for semi-automatic construction of Linked Data with the causality of urban problems, based on Web pages and open government data. Specifically, we extracted causal relations using natural language processing and crowdsourcing. As a result, Linked Data with causal relations of noise pollution, illegally parked bicycles, and traffic accidents was constructed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Membered Cyclic Sulfamides: Novel HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Verzögert freigesetztes Phosphatidylcholin in chronisch-aktiver Pancolitis ulcerosa: eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Dosisfindungsstudie (2008)

Hintergrund: Zwei vorherige Phase II-Studien zeigten, dass verzögert freigesetztes Phosphatidylcholine (rPC) a) die Krankheitsaktivität bei Patienten mit chronisch-aktiver Colitis ulcerosa (CU) um &gt;70% verringerte und b) bei 80% der Patienten mit partiell steroid-refraktärer CU die Steroide abgesetzt werden konnten.
Indium arsenide single quantum dash morphology and composition for wavelength tuning in quantum dash lasers (2023)

InAs quantum dot and dash gain media demonstrate performance benefits, such as lower threshold current densities and reduced temperature sensitivity over quantum wells for lasers operating in the C-band telecommunications window. Quantum dashes are of much interest for their higher gain over quantum dots due to an increased density of states. We combine experimental results and simulations to understand how quantum dash morphology and composition can be used to tune the emission wavelengths of these nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis is performed to determine the effect of growth temperature and sublayer type on InAs/InGaAsP/InP nanoparticle morphology and homogeneity. Uncapped InAs nanoparticles grown by CBE on a GaAs sublayer will have dash-like geometries with heights up to 2.36 nm for growth temperatures of 500–540 °C. GaP sublayers will induce taller quantum dots except for a growth temperature of 530 °C, where quantum dashes form. The dimensions extracted from AFM scans are used in conjunction with photoluminescence data to guide parabolic band simulations of an InAs quantum dash with a GaP or GaAs sublayer and InP cap buried within InGaAsP. The calculated emission energy of a buried 30 × 300 nm quantum dash decreases by ∼100 meV for increasing heights from 1.5 to 2.5 nm, or increases by ∼100 meV by addition of 20% phosphorus in the dash and wetting layers. Modifying the quantum dash height and leveraging the As/P intermixing that occurs between the InAs and InP layers are, thus, most effective for wavelength tuning.
Uncoupling of transfer of the presequence and unfolding of the mature domain in precursor translocation across the mitochondrial outer membrane (1999)

Translocation of mitochondrial precursor proteins across the mitochondrial outer membrane is facilitated by the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. By using site-specific photocrosslinking, we have mapped interactions between TOM proteins and a mitochondrial precursor protein arrested at two distinct stages, stage A (accumulated at 0°C) and stage B (accumulated at 30°C), in the translocation across the outer membrane at high resolution not achieved previously. Although the stage A and stage B intermediates were assigned previously to the forms bound to the cis site and the trans site of the TOM complex, respectively, the results of crosslinking indicate that the presequence of the intermediates at both stage A and stage B is already on the trans side of the outer membrane. The mature domain is unfolded and bound to Tom40 at stage B whereas it remains folded at stage A. After dissociation from the TOM complex, translocation of the stage B intermediate, but not of the stage A intermediate, across the inner membrane was promoted by the intermembrane-space domain of Tom22. We propose a new model for protein translocation across the outer membrane, where translocation of the presequence and unfolding of the mature domain are not necessarily coupled.
COVID-19 Related Stress and Emotion Regulation: An Examination of their Effect on Sleep, Dreaming, and Social Cognition. (2022)

Many studies have considered how stress impacts our sleep and dreams, but far fewer have examined how stress disrupts subtle aspects of social cognition, despite recent research suggesting that stress might impair certain subdomains, such as emotion recognition. Understanding how individuals control and regulate their emotions during times of distress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may be one way to help understand these associations. This online cross-sectional survey aimed to determine if COVID-19 stress and emotion regulation strategy impacted on sleep, dreams, and emotion recognition. A total of 80 participants were recruited, with an average age of 25 years. Participants were predominantly university students (87.5%), of which 67.5% were female. Statistical analysis was undertaken using multiple linear regressions. Increases in COVID-related stress enhanced the emotional intensity of participants dreams and disrupted their ability to correctly identify emotions (p&amp;lt;0.05). However, no significant effects were reported for emotion regulation strategy on any other outcome measure (p&amp;gt;0.05). These findings demonstrate the diverse effects of COVID-related stress on social cognition and dream mentation; suggesting that reducing stress could improve social cognition. Future work should consider if interventions aimed at stress reduction may have secondary effects related to the accurate processing of social information.
Growth hormone (GH)-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in cells that express GH receptors. (1995)

We have shown previously that growth hormone (GH)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95-kDa protein in mouse L-cells stably transfected with the GH receptor. In addition to induction of pp95, we have established that GH also induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 42-kDa protein and a 130-kDa protein, as detected with phosphotyrosine antibodies. A time course of tyrosine phosphorylation on GH treatment indicates that within the GH signal transduction cascade, tyrosine phosphorylation of pp95 occurs by 1 min, whereas tyrosine phosphorylation of pp42 was not detected until 5 min. Additionally, the concentration of GH needed to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of pp42 was greater than that required for pp95. The pp42 protein comigrates with a 42-kDa protein identified as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2). Growth factors, such as FGF, PDGF, IGF-I, and insulin, induce tyrosine phosphorylation of pp42 in pGHR-W10 cells and in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes; however, they are unable to induce pp95. These results suggest that GH induction of tyrosine-phosphorylated pp42 may represent a common signal transduction point of various growth factors, including GH, whereas tyrosine phosphorylation of pp95 is GH specific.
Time delay digital tanlock loop with acquisition-aided circuit (2010)

This paper proposes two circuit topologies for acquisition enhancement in a time delay digital tanlock loop (TDTL). They are based on feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) control schemes. Both schemes are used to improve the acquisition speed of the conventional TDTL by employing an auxiliary circuit. The ultimate objective of the FB and FF techniques is to control the damping ratio so as to prevent overshoot which may cause oscillations. However, the FF topology, with an adaptive threshold as opposed to a fixed threshold in the FB scheme, provides better control and improved response. The performance of the proposed FF and FB mechanisms have been investigated, under noise free conditions, by analysis and computer simulation and the results are presented. The results indicate that it is possible to bring the system into the steady state preventing continuous oscillations whenever the system is thrown outside the locking range.