gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined analysis of the glia secretome and the CSF proteome: neuroinflammation and novel biomarkers (2010)

Glial cells in the CNS are likely to communicate with other glial cells and neurons through secreted proteins. Glia-derived proteins also participate in neuroinflammation, which is a major component of neurodegenerative disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the biological fluid that best reflects the physiological or pathological conditions of the CNS. Proteins secreted from glial cells are often detected in the CSF. One of the major cellular sources of the highly abundant CSF proteins is glia. Combined analysis of secreted proteins of glial cells and CSF proteins of patients with inflammatory CNS disorders can provide new knowledge to the field of glia biology and neuron-glia interaction. The comparative analysis of the glia secretome and the CSF proteome would also facilitate the targeted proteomics-based discovery of new biomarkers for brain disease. Omics and systems biology approaches to glia and neuroinflammation will be a focus of future investigation and will enable an integrative understanding of inflammatory CNS disorders, such as neurodegenerative disease.
Molecular dynamics simulations of bottlebrush macromolecules in two dimensional polymeric melts under flow conditions (2011)

Using molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis we studied dynamics of a bottlebrush macromolecule in a matrix of linear chains under flow conditions. Our simulations showed that the velocity of a bottlebrush depends on the degree of polymerization of the brush backbone, degree of polymerization of the side chains and degree of polymerization of the linear chains. The velocity of a bottlebrush, first, decreases with increasing the bottlebrush degree of polymerization then it saturates. The location of the saturation regime was shown to be a universal function of the bottlebrush area. This behavior was explained by a combined effect of the hydrodynamic drag acting on a bottlebrush macromolecule from the matrix of faster moving linear chains and by the difference in the friction coefficients of a bottlebrush macromolecule and of linear chains with a substrate. A proposed theoretical model of bottlebrush dynamics under flow conditions is in a good agreement with simulation results.
Inverse-designed achromatic flat lens enabling imaging across the visible and near-infrared with diameter &gt; 3 mm and NA = 0.3 (2020)

It is generally thought that correcting chromatic aberrations in imaging requires multiple surfaces. Here, we show that by allowing the phase in the image plane of a flat lens to be a free parameter, it is possible to correct chromatic aberrations over a large continuous bandwidth with a single diffractive surface. In contrast to conventional lens design, we utilize inverse design, where the phase in the focal plane is treated as a free parameter. This approach attains a phase-only (lossless) pupil function, which can be implemented as a multi-level diffractive flat lens that achieves achromatic focusing and imaging. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate imaging using a single flat lens of diameter &amp;gt; 3 mm and focal length = 5 mm (NA = 0.3, f/1.59) that is achromatic from λ = 450 nm (blue) to 1 μm (NIR). This simultaneous achievement of large size, NA, and broad operating bandwidth has not been demonstrated in a flat lens before. We experimentally characterized the point-spread functions, off-axis aberrations, and broadband imaging performance of the lens.
Tocotrienols Suppress Proinflammatory Markers and Cyclooxygenase‐2 Expression in RAW264.7 Macrophages (2009)

Tocotrienols are powerful chain breaking antioxidant. Moreover, they are now known to exhibit various non-antioxidant properties such as anti-cancer, neuroprotective and hypocholesterolemic functions. This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and individual tocotrienol isoforms namely delta-, gamma-, and alpha-tocotrienol on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The widely studied vitamin E form, alpha-tocopherol, was used as comparison. Stimulation of RAW264.7 with lipopolysaccharide induced the release of various inflammatory markers. 10 mcirog/ml of TRF and all tocotrienol isoforms significantly inhibited the production of interleukin-6 and nitric oxide. However, only alpha-tocotrienol demonstrated a significant effect in lowering tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Besides, TRF and all tocotrienol isoforms except gamma-tocotrienol reduced prostaglandin E(2) release. It was accompanied by the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by all vitamin E forms except alpha-tocopherol. Collectively, the data suggested that tocotrienols are better anti-inflammatory agents than alpha-tocopherol and the most effective form is delta-tocotrienol.
Lithium 2-Lithiophenoxide (2001)

[55274-02-7] C6H4Li2O (MW 105.98)





InChI = 1S/C6H5O.2Li/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;;/h1-4,7H;;/q;;+1/p-1



InChIKey = MJBRTMMRTNBFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-M



(reacts with electrophiles to give substituted phenols)



Solubility: sol ethereal solvents.



Preparative Methods: conveniently prepared and used in situ by one of two methods. The first reported preparation1 involves the treatment of o-bromophenol with n-Butyllithium at 25 °C to generate the dilithio species (eq 1). A subsequent report2 described an alternative preparation by directed ortho deprotonation of phenol with tert-Butyllithium (eq 2). 

(1)

(2)



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive; freshly prepare before use. Long term stability has not been determined. Reactions should be run under an inert atmosphere.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[Phase I study of combination therapy with peptide vaccine and anti-cancer drug for colorectal cancer]. (2008)

Phase I study of combination therapy with peptide vaccine and anti-cancer drug for colorectal cancer has been performed in our hospital. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and immune response of different dose of RNF43-721 emulsified with Montanide ISA 51 in combination with S-1/CPT-11 chemotherapy. The study design was a dose escalation of peptide (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mg) with three patients' cohort. Nine patients were enrolled. All patients were treated with peptide subcutaneously every week and two courses with S-1/CPT-11 chemotherapy. Vaccinations were well tolerated without any major adverse events. Immunological reactions are not analyzed yet. We herein report a case who has been evaluated to be long SD with this intervention for para-aortic LN metastasis from sigmoid colon cancer.
Induction of Mucosal Immune Response after Intranasal or Oral Inoculation of Mice with Lactococcus lactis Producing Bovine Beta-Lactoglobulin (2001)

The bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major cow's milk allergen. Here, we evaluated the immune response against BLG induced in mice, using the organism Lactococcus lactis, which has GRAS ("generally regarded as safe") status, as a delivery vehicle. The cDNA of the blg gene, encoding BLG, was expressed and engineered for either intra- or extracellular expression in L. lactis. Using a constitutive promoter, the yield of intracellular recombinant BLG (rBLG) was about 20 ng per ml of culture. To increase the quantity of rBLG, the nisin-inducible expression system was used to produce rBLG in the cytoplasmic and extracellular locations. Although the majority of rBLG remained in the cytoplasm, the highest yield (2 microg per ml of culture) was obtained with a secreting strain that encodes a fusion between a lactococcal signal peptide and rBLG. Whatever the expression system, the rBLG is produced mostly in a soluble, intracellular, and denatured form. The BLG-producing strains were then administered either orally or intranasally to mice, and the immune response to BLG was examined. Specific anti-BLG immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies were detected 3 weeks after the immunization protocol in the feces of mice immunized with the secreting lactococcal strain. Specific anti-BLG IgA detected in mice immunized with lactococci was higher than that obtained in mice immunized with the same quantity of pure BLG. No specific anti-BLG IgE, IgA, IgG1, or IgG2a was detected in sera of mice. These recombinant lactococcal strains constitute good vehicles to induce a mucosal immune response to a model allergen and to better understand the mechanism of allergy induced by BLG.
Diagnostic detection of diffuse glioma tumors in vivo with molecular fluorescent probe‐based transmission spectroscopy (2009)

The diffuse spread of glioma tumors leads to the inability to image and properly treat this disease. The optical spectral signature of targeted fluorescent probes provides molecular signals from the diffuse morphologies of glioma tumors, which can be a more effective diagnostic probe than standard morphology-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Three orthotopic xenograft glioma models were used to examine the potential for transmitted optical fluorescence signal detection in vivo, using endogenously produced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and exogenously administered fluorescently labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF). Accurate quantification of the fluorescent signals required spectral filtering and signal normalization, and when optimized, it was possible to improve detection of sparse diffuse glioma tumor morphologies. The signal of endogenously produced PpIX provided similar sensitivity and specificity to MRI, while detection with fluorescently labeled EGF provided maximal specificity for tumors with high EGF receptor activity. Optical transmitted fluorescent signal may add significant benefit for clinical cases of diffuse infiltrative growth pattern glioma tumors given sufficient optimization of the signal acquisition for each patient.
A matrix converter based Inductive Power Transfer system (2012)

Typical Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems employ two power conversion stages to generate a high frequency current from low frequency utility supply. This paper proposes a matrix converter based IPT system that facilitates the generation of high frequency current through a single power conversion stage. The proposed matrix converter topology transforms a 3-phase low frequency voltage system to a high frequency single phase voltage which in turn powers a series compensated IPT system. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to investigate the behavior of the proposed IPT topology. Theoretical results are presented in comparison to simulations, which are performed in Matlab/ Simulink, to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed concept and the validity of the developed model.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirospecific Synthesis of (1S,3R)‐1‐Amino‐3‐(hydroxymethyl) cyclopentane, a Precursor for Carbocyclic Nucleoside Synthesis. Intramolecular Aziridine Cyclizations. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epoxy-embedded versus nonembedded TEM examination of the resin-dentin interface (1997)

When transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to evaluate resin-dentin interface specimens for completeness of hybridization, the epoxy resin embedding medium that normally facilitates ultrathin sectioning may produce a secondary or artifactual hybrid layer. This secondary hybrid layer, composed of epoxy resin rather than adhesive resin, may fill the pores that remain as evidence of incomplete resin infiltration, obscuring the fact that they ever existed. In this study, resin-dentin interfaces produced by two dentin adhesive systems, Optibond (OPTI, Kerr) and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M), were comparatively investigated by TEM in epoxy-embedded and nonembedded nondemineralized sections. The hypothesis advanced was that no difference in ultramorphology of the hybrid layer would result from either specimen preparation method. The two adhesive systems were applied to four mid-coronal dentin disks per manufacturer's instructions. One half of each sample was processed following common procedures for TEM sample preparation with epoxy embedding, whereas the other half was not embedded but instead immersed in hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), dried and mounted so that it protruded from a base of cold-cure acrylic resin. Each sample was then sectioned using a diamond knife in an ultramicrotome. With either means of preparation, a hybrid layer with a relatively uniform electron density and a loose collagen fibril arrangement with electron lucent interfibrillar channels was formed by OPTI. At the base of the hybrid layer, collagen fibrils were anchored in the underlying unaffected dentin, and no microporosities or gaps were observed. Similarly, whether SBMP was embedded or nonembedded, it was found to have a hybrid layer of variable electron density and an electron dense phase localized at the surface of the hybrid layer. No porosities were evident at the base of the hybrid layer. Thus, with either of the two adhesive systems, no ultrastructural difference in hybrid layer formation was observed between epoxy-embedded and nonembedded sections, and no direct evidence of ineffective resin-infiltration of the demineralized collagen scaffold was found.
Acousto-optic interaction in photonic and phononic crystals for improved efficiency (2012)

The last decade has witnessed significant breakthrough in the field of management of wave propagation in materials exhibiting periodic nanostructures, the so-called photonic and phononic crystals. Those periodic structures are based on an array of holes drilled in a matrix. Thanks to slow light effect and slow sound properties, such structures make it possible for the improvement of conventional modulation functions [4] (e.g. driving voltage nearly three times smaller and size up to ten times smaller than corresponding values in state-of-the-art commercial devices). These perspectives drive research efforts to improve acousto-optic and electro-optic devices.
Correlations between serum progesterone and smoking, and the growth fraction of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. (2001)

In this study an increased tumour growth was associated with increased leves of se-P, smoking and aneuploidy in women with invasive squamous cervical carcinoma. This study seems to experimentally confirm epidemiological studies, where smoking and long-term use of oral contraceptives have been linked to cervical neoplasms.
Streamlined cryogenic deep reactive ion etching protocol for hybrid micronozzle arrays (2011)

This paper describes a novel fabrication methodology for hybrid micronozzle arrays that markedly streamlines and simplifies process flow for cryogenic deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Cryogenic DRIE utilizes SF6/O2-based high-density plasmas at cryogenic temperatures. A key innovation that we have developed and tested is the application of SU-8 negative resist as both the cryogenic etch mask, replacing hard masks, and as a means of defining micronozzle orifices. First, a thin layer of SU-8 is spun onto one side of the silicon wafer and is patterned to define the micronozzle exit orifices. Then a thick layer of SU-8 is spun onto the backside of wafer, aligned to the micro-patterns of the thin layer of SU-8 and is patterned to act as etch mask and define the micronozzle inlets. These parallel SU-8 coatings on the wafer simplify and shorten the fabrication process by eliminating multiple etching steps and mitigate common problems associated with wafer-wide etching rate non-uniformities and RIE lag. The potential benefits of the rapid cryogenic DRIE micronozzle array fabrication strategy include (1) accelerated throughput of micronozzle array fabrication, (2) enhanced feasibility of fabricating comparatively more complex and/or novel hybrid structures and (3) potential simplification of other through-silicon microfabrication processes.
3D in the Home: Mass Market or Niche? (2008)

There is substantial momentum to increase the production of digital 3D content and the number of 3D digital cinema screens. In addition to the novelty of now being able to offer an immersive high-quality multimedia experience to movie-goers, reports indicate that the average revenue per 3D screen is approximately three times higher than that of conventional 2D screens. But how does all of this translate to the emerging 3D business in the home? This talk will highlight some of the barriers involved in bringing a high-quality 3D experience to the home, and consider whether 3D could achieve mass market deployment and appeal in that space. The current state of technology and existing consumer product offerings will first be introduced. Then, the requirements for a common 3D data format will be discussed with particular emphasis on ongoing standardization efforts and related technology for multiview video coding and coded depth representations. While getting 3D content into the home and having a means to decode and display it are necessary, it is also critical to ensure a pleasant 3D viewing experience. Repurposing of 3D digital cinemas content for the home will be touch on, and some related display processing techniques for both stereoscopic and auto-multiscopic displays will also be presented. This talk will conclude with an assessment of future needs going forward.
Strain Influences the Hydrogen Evolution Activity and Absorption Capacity of Palladium (2020)

Abstract Strain engineering can increase the activity and selectivity of an electrocatalyst. Tensile strain is known to improve the electrocatalytic activity of palladium electrodes for reduction of carbon dioxide or dioxygen, but determining how strain affects the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is complicated by the fact that palladium absorbs hydrogen concurrently with HER. We report here a custom electrochemical cell, which applies tensile strain to a flexible working electrode, that enabled us to resolve how tensile strain affects hydrogen absorption and HER activity for a thin film palladium electrocatalyst. When the electrodes were subjected to mechanically‐applied tensile strain, the amount of hydrogen that absorbed into the palladium decreased, and HER electrocatalytic activity increased. This study showcases how strain can be used to modulate the hydrogen absorption capacity and HER activity of palladium.
3D shape from anisotropic diffusion (2003)

We cast the problem of inferring the 3D shape of a scene from a collection of defocused images in the framework of anisotropic diffusion. We propose an algorithm that can estimate the shape of a scene by inferring the diffusion coefficient of a heat equation. The method is optimal, as we pose it as the minimization of a certain cost functional based on the input images, and fast. Furthermore, we also extend our algorithm to the case of multiple images, and derive a 3D scene segmentation algorithm that can work in the presence of pictorial camouflage.
Revolution of Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies Accelerated by Wide Bandgap Devices (2021)

This article presents the state-of-the-art electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies that benefit from the wide bandgap (WBG) devices, which is regarded as the most significant revolution in the power electronics industry in the past few decades. First, the recent WBG device technology evolution, performance comparison, and reliability issues are introduced. Then, topology development, efficiency and power density boost, and cost reduction brought by the WBG devices for EV charging equipment, such as onboard chargers, fast-charging stations, and wireless chargers, are discussed. A figure of merit (FOM) for evaluating the performance of wireless chargers is also proposed. Finally, the EV charging technology roadmap forecast is presented based on the WBG devices' evolutionary trends.
Positron Emission Tomography With A Large Axial Acceptance Angle: Signal-to-noise Considerations (2005)

A volume imaging PET scanner with a large acceptance angle, such as the PE-PET, offers fine spatial sampling and resolution in three dimensions, and a high sensitivity because of the inclusion of all cross-plane rays. The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is used to evaluate image quality for different scanning conditions of the PENN-PET using an activated cylindrical phantom with cold spheres of various sizes. Raising the energy threshold to 4OOkeV improves the SNR by lowering the scatter fraction, even though it also reduces the sensitivity. Increasing the axial acceptance angle from +/1.3deg to +/- 6.5deg also improves the SNR by increasing the sensitivity, even with a two-dimensional reconstruction algorithm, which compromises spatial resolution in the axial direction for points at the edge of the radial field of view. Initial results show that a three-dimensional reconstruction offers an improved SNR over a twodimensional reconstruction that does not use all cross-plane rays.
Irradiation conditions for fiber laser bonding of HAp-glass ceramics with bovine cortical bone (2014)

Orthopedic implants are widely used to repair bones and to replace articulating joint surfaces. It is important to develop an instantaneous technique for the direct bonding of bone and implant materials. The aim of this study was to develop a technique for the laser bonding of bone with an implant material like ceramics. Ceramic specimens (10 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness) were sintered with hydroxyapatite and MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass powders mixed in 40:60 wt% proportions. A small hole was bored at the center of a ceramic specimen. The ceramic specimen was positioned onto a bovine bone specimen and a 5 mm diameter area of the ceramic specimen was irradiated using a fiber laser beam (1070-1080 nm wavelength). As a result, the bone and the ceramic specimens bonded strongly under the irradiation conditions of a 400 W laser power and a 1.0 s exposure time. The maximum shear strength was 5.3 ± 2.3 N. A bonding substance that penetrated deeply into the bone specimen was generated around the hole in the ceramic specimen. On using the fiber laser, the ceramic specimen instantaneously bonded to the bone specimen. Further, the irradiation conditions required for the bonding were investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Polyselenoether Macrocycles. Catalytic Macrocyclization of 3,3‐Dimethylselenetane by Cyclic Re2(CO)9SeCH2CMe2CH2. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Green emitting phosphors and blends thereof (2023)

Phosphor compositions, blends thereof and light emitting devices including white light emitting LED based devices, and backlights, based on such phosphor compositions. The devices include a light source and a phosphor material as described. Also disclosed are phosphor blends including such a phosphor and devices made therefrom.