gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Instabilities Leading to Electroformation of Binary Metal Oxide‐based Resistive Switches (2014)

Oxide‐based resistive switching devices are a leading contender for the next generation memories. Before use, each device has to go through a conditioning process called electroformation which has been suggested to be initiated by the accumulation of oxygen vacancies. Here, experimental evidence is presented which shows that both Ta 2 O 5‐x ‐ and TiO 2‐x ‐based crossbar devices, exhibit characteristic electronic instability leading to a reversible constriction of the current flow to a narrow filament prior to permanent change. Thus, it is asserted, electroformation is initiated through purely electronic and reversible events, to be followed later by structural changes in the material, like oxygen vacancy redistribution. Furthermore, the electronic instability responsible for electroformation also gives rise to negative differential resistance (NDR) and that this characteristics appears to involve two distinct mechanisms: a thermal one in which Joule heating causes resistance to decrease as current increases and a second electronic mechanism that appears not to require Joule heating for NDR. Using a combination of thermometry and thermal modeling, a self‐consistent temperature and filament radius as a function of power are found for the 5 μm cross‐bar devices. In the thermal NDR regime, the filament appears to be ∼500 nm in diameter and has a peak temperature of ∼300 °C, while in the adiabatic regime, the estimated filament diameter is much smaller (&lt;50 nm) and the maximum temperature inside it exceeds 800 °C.
Organization of plasma membrane functional rafts upon T cell activation (2001)

Raft microdomains have been shown to play a key role in T cell activation. We found that in human T lymphocytes the formation of functional rafts at the plasma membrane was induced by T cell priming. In resting T cells from peripheral blood Lck and the raft glycosphingolipid GM1 resided in intracellular membranes. T cell activation induced synthesis of GM1 and effector cells showed very high levels of this lipid, which became predominantly plasma membrane associated. TCR triggering also induced targeting of the cytosolic Lck to the plasma membrane. Thus, effector cells acquire an improved signaling machinery by increasing the amount of rafts at the plasma membrane. The fact that, when compared with naive T cells, memory T cells showed higher GM1 levels suggests that raft lipid synthesis may be developmentally regulated and tune T cell responsiveness.
Subtraction of correlated noise in global networks of gravitational-wave interferometers (2016)

The recent discovery of merging black holes suggests that a stochastic gravitational-wave background is within reach of the advanced detector network operating at design sensitivity. However, correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate observation of a stochastic background. In this paper, we report on the first effort to eliminate intercontinental correlated noise from Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering.
Fabrication of Silicon-on-Diamond Substrate and Low-Loss Optical Waveguides (2011)

A simple, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible fabrication technique is developed to demonstrate a robust silicon-on-diamond (SOD) substrate. The 2.5 μm × 700 nm waveguides with a spiral structure are fabricated on both SOD and conventional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, showing 0.74- and 0.54-dB/cm propagation loss, respectively. Finite element method (FEM) thermal simulation shows over 3× improvement in heat dissipation on a hybrid silicon laser structure when Si substrate is not a limiting factor.
Fluidic operational amplifier for mock circulatory systems (2006)

For the development of cardiovascular devices and the study of the dynamics of blood flow through the cardiovascular system, hardware fluidic models are commonly used to minimize animal experiments and clinical trials. These systems, called "mock circulatory systems", are also critical for the development of ventricular assist devices. The passive and active elements in these systems are frequently "hard-plumbed" and are difficult to modify in experimental studies. Therefore, we propose a concept of novel fluidic operational amplifier comprised of a high-gain feedback-controlled gear pump. With pressure being the analog of voltage, design with the fluidic op-amp is analogous to electrical op-amp circuit design. Initial computer and hardware simulation results demonstrate that the device may be programmed for use in mock circulatory systems to emulate the function of the energy sources (the ventricles) or passive networks (hemodynamic loads).
Lightweight Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Tiny Mechanical Motion (2016)

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown exciting applications in mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. Aiming at commercial applications, cost reduction and simplification of TENG structures are of great interest. In this work, a lightweight TENG based on the integration of polymer nanowires and a carbon sponge, which serves both as the substrate and an electrode, are reported. Because of the low density of the carbon sponge and the filmy nanowires, the device exhibits a total mass of less than 0.1 g for a volume of 12.5 cm 3 and it produces a short‐circuit current of 6 μA, open‐circuit voltage of 75 V, and a maximum output power of 0.28 W kg −1 under light finger tapping. The device can linearly measure the acceleration at a detection limit down to 0.25 m s −2 and for a detection range from 0.25 m s −2 to 10.0 m s −2 .
An hypothesized Wiener filtering approach to noisy speech recognition (1991)

The problem of speech recognition in a noisy environment is addressed, in particular the mismatch problem originated when training a system in a clean environment and operating it in a noisy one. When measuring the similarity between a noisy test utterance and a list of clean templates, a correction process, based on a series of Wiener filters built using the hypothesized clean template, is applied to the feature vectors of the noisy word. The filtering process is optimized as a by-product of the dynamic programming algorithm of the scoring step. Tests were conducted on two databases, one in Hebrew and the second in Japanese, using additive white and car noise at different SNRs. The method shows a good performance and compares well with other methods proposed in the literature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of Intragastric pH on the Absorption of Oral Zinc Acetate and Zinc Oxide in Young Healthy Volunteers (1995)

This study indicates that intragastric pH and salt solubility-dissolution are important in the oral absorption of zinc. Specifically, the oxide salt is not an appropriate zinc salt to use in those patients with elevated intragastric pH.
Implications of using the clinical target distribution as voxel-weights in radiation therapy optimization (2023)

<i>Objective.</i>Delineating and planning with respect to regions suspected to contain microscopic tumor cells is an inherently uncertain task in radiotherapy. The recently proposed<i>clinical target distribution</i>(CTD) is an alternative to the conventional<i>clinical target volume</i>(CTV), with initial promise. Previously, using the CTD in planning has primarily been evaluated in comparison to a conventionally defined CTV. We propose to compare the CTD approach against CTV margins of various sizes, dependent on the threshold at which the tumor infiltration probability is considered relevant.<i>Approach.</i>First, a theoretical framework is presented, concerned with optimizing the trade-off between the probability of sufficient target coverage and the penalties associated with high dose. From this framework we derive conventional CTV-based planning and contrast it with the CTD approach. The approaches are contextualized further by comparison with established methods for managing geometric uncertainties. Second, for both one- and three-dimensional phantoms, we compare a set of CTD plans created by varying the target objective function weight against a set of plans created by varying both the target weight and the CTV margin size.<i>Main results.</i>The results show that CTD-based planning gives slightly inefficient trade-offs between the evaluation criteria for a case in which near-minimum target dose is the highest priority. However, in a case when sparing a proximal organ at risk is critical, the CTD is better at maintaining sufficiently high dose toward the center of the target.<i>Significance.</i>We conclude that CTD-based planning is a computationally efficient method for planning with respect to delineation uncertainties, but that the inevitable effects on the dose distribution should not be disregarded.
Organic nonvolatile memory devices fabricated by using an inkjet printing method (2012)

We are developing inkjet printing as a low cost, high throughput approach to the fabrication of single-layer organic memory devices. The organic memory devices were composed of a poly (Nvinylcarbazole) (PVK) film with Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The inkjet printing was introduced to embed Ag NPs in the PVK film. The organic memory devices exhibited the behavior of a resistive random access memory and on/off switching ratios of 103. This value was obtained through postannealing at 150 °C. The current-voltage characteristics of the devices revealed rewritable and bipolar memory effects during several sweeps of the voltage.
[A Case of Far-Advanced Esophageal Cancer with Multiple Metastases Showing Long-Term Survival after Chemotherapy]. (2019)

A 71-year-oldman with voice hoarseness was referredto our hospital for further examination. He was diagnosedwith unresectable Stage Ⅳb esophageal cancer, with direct invasion to the aorta andtrachea andmultiple metastases to the lymph nodes, lungs, and adrenal gland. Because his performance status(PS)was deemedto be favorable, he receivedchemotherapy with docetaxel(DOC), cisplatin, and5 -FU(DCF therapy). After 2 cycles of DCF therapy, the primary lesion was scarred. No malignant lesions were detected in the biopsy performed. No distant metastases were identified on PET-CT. As a subsequent treatment, S-1 plus DOC therapy was administered. Finally, single S-1 administration was continued. The treatment periodwas 14 months. Treatment was concludedbecause a complete response(CR)was maintained. Three years after the conclusion of treatment, CR remains maintained. The overall survival in cases of unresectable advanced esophageal cancer is saidto be 3-10 months, but there are remarkable cases such as this one. If a goodPS is maintained, treatment shouldbe actively considered because CR is possible.
Capping and dynamic relation between domains 1 and 2 of gelsolin (1998)

Gelsolin is a protein that severs and caps actin filaments. The two activities are located in the N-terminal half of the gelsolin molecules. Severing and subsequent capping requires the binding of domains 2 and 3 (S2–3) to the side of the filaments to position the N-terminal domain 1 (S1) at the barbed end of actin (actin subdomains 1 and 3). The results provide a structural basis for the gelsolin capping mechanism. The effects of a synthetic peptide derived from the sequence of a binding site located in gelsolin S2 on actin properties have been studied. CD and IR spectra indicate that this peptide presented a secondary structure in solution which would be similar to that expected for the native full length gelsolin molecule. The binding of the synthetic peptide induces conformational changes in actin subdomain 1 and actin oligomerization. An increase in the polymerization rate was observed, which could be attributed to a nucleation kinetics effect. The combined effects of two gelsolin fragments, the synthetic peptide derived from an S2 sequence and the purified segment 1 (S1), were also investigated as a molecule model. The two fragments induced nucleation enhancement and inhibited actin depolymerization, two characteristic properties of capping. In conclusion, for the first time it is reported that the binding of a small synthetic fragment is sufficient to promote efficient capping by S1 at the barbed end of actin filaments. ©1998 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural phase progression in photo-excited VO2 (2016)

We reveal inhomogeneous structural phase transformation in photo-excited VO2 thin films by time-resolved x-ray diffraction microscopy. The in-plane plane phase progression is a result of displacive lattice transformation rather than driven by thermal transport.
List Of Metals And Non Metals (2017)

The metals list which makes up the periodic table includes iron, lead, gold, aluminum, platinum, uranium, zinc, lithium, sodium, tin, silver, etc. The nonmetals list which makes up the periodic table includes hydrogen, helium, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, radon, neon, other halogens, and noble gases etc. When we study the elements, it is important to
Novel Nutritional Immune Formula Maintains Host Defense Mechanisms (2005)

Military combat and training stress induce immune changes that increase the risk of infection and ultimately influence soldiers' performance and readiness. Strenuous military training/assessment provides a uniform stress and the opportunity to evaluate nutritional strategies to minimize stress-induced immune changes that predispose soldiers to infection. Immunological changes and effects of a novel nutritional immune formula (NNIF) were examined prospectively in a double-blind, controlled study of 200 soldiers attending Special Forces Assessment and Selection School. Immune function was measured by skin delayed-type hypersensitivity, lymphocyte phenotyping, mitogenic proliferative responses, and granulocyte function. Approximately 50% of soldiers completed the study (control, n = 57; NNIF, n = 50). Several stress-induced lymphocyte changes were observed (decreased mitogen-induced proliferation, T and total lymphocytes, and interferon-gamma-producing lymphocytes and increased percentage of neutrophils). NNIF modified several changes, including delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (NNIF, 78%; control, 59%; p < 0.05), increased proportions of helper T cells, activation of B cells, enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis, and attenuation of declines in certain functional subpopulations (i.e., cytotoxic/ suppressor lymphocytes). Soldiers who consumed NNIF experienced less stress-induced immune impairment, thereby lowering the risk of infection.
Enhanced responsivity in membrane isolated split-grating-gate plasmonic terahertz detectors (2007)

A 50-fold increase in responsivity of plasmon resonant detectors is achieved by thermally isolating the detector on a thin membrane. Terahertz radiation is resonantly absorbed in the grating-gated channel while temperature modulation is sensed by the resistance of a narrow center region biased to pinch off. Thermal isolation enhances the temperature rise on absorption. Detectors with and without the additional thermal isolation demonstrate a linear power dependence.
Highly Efficient Green ZnAgInS/ZnInS/ZnS QDs by a Strong Exothermic Reaction for Down‐Converted Green and Tripackage White LEDs (2016)

Highly efficient bright green‐emitting ZnAgInS (ZAIS)/ZnInS (ZIS)/ZnS alloy core/inner‐shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized using a multistep hot injection method with a highly concentrated zinc acetate dihydrate precursor. ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS QD growth is realized via five sequential steps: a core growth process, a two‐step alloying–shelling process, and a two‐step shelling process. To enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), a ZIS inner‐shell is synthesized and added with a band gap located between the ZAIS alloy‐core and ZnS shell using a strong exothermic reaction. The synthesized ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS QDs shows a high PLQY of 87% with peak wavelength of 501 nm. Tripackage white down‐converted light‐emitting diodes (DC‐LEDs) are realized using an InGaN blue (B) LED, a green (G) ZAIS/ZIS/ZS QD‐based DC‐LED, and a red (R) ZnCuInS/ZnS QD‐based DC‐LED with correlated color temperature from 2700 to 10 000 K. The red, green, and blue tripackage white DC‐LEDs exhibit high luminous efficacy of 72 lm W −1 and excellent color qualities (color rendering index (CRI, R a ) = 95 and the special CRI for red ( R 9 ) = 93) at 2700 K.
Evaluation and calibration of PET scanners with a specially designed point-like radioactive source (2009)

Background: In order to evaluate the uncertainty in the radioactivity measurements performed using PET scanners and to determine the calibration factors of these scanners, it is essential that the radioactive sources are equipped with absorber materials that ensure the annihilation of positrons. Therefore, the evaluation and calibration depend on scatter and attenuation corrections in conventional techniques based on phantoms. Although an extrapolation method that involves the use of multiple absorber sleeves for a line radioactive source is effective in eliminating the dependence, the long line shape limits its application range. Objective: The objective of this study is to propose a point-like radioactive source with multiple absorber capsules, which can be used to evaluate the uncertainty in the radioactivity measurements performed using a PET scanner and to determine a calibration factor in a way that is independent of scatter and attenuation corrections. Methods: The proposed radioactive source consists of a small spherical radioactive part and a set of successively sized aluminum absorber capsules. Extrapolation over the total absorber thickness made it possible to estimate the results that were approximately free from scatter and absorption caused by the absorber materials. As an example application, the proposed method was used to a research PET scanner. In addition, the basic characteristic of the point-like radioactive source was investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation code. Results and Conclusion: Performance characteristics and a calibration factor of the PET scanner were successfully evaluated and determined. Therefore, the proposed method is useful for this purpose. Further studies are expected to improve the design of the radioactive source and enhance the practicability and traceability of our proposed method.
Continuous process of powder production for MOX fuel fabrication according to “GRANAT” technology (2000)

The paper deals with the solution to the problem of a continuous pilot plant development for mixed oxide fuel powder production on the basis of the home “GRANAT” technology, which had been tested before on a small-scale pilot-commercial batch-operated plant of the same name and confirmed good results.
Nacre-Mimetic Clay/Xyloglucan Bionanocomposites: A Chemical Modification Route for Hygromechanical Performance at High Humidity (2013)

Nacre-mimetic bionanocomposites of high montmorillonite (MTM) clay content, prepared from hydrocolloidal suspensions, suffer from reduced strength and stiffness at high relative humidity. We address this problem by chemical modification of xyloglucan in (XG)/MTM nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, by subjecting the XG to regioselective periodate oxidation of side chains to enable it to form covalent cross-links to hydroxyl groups in neighboring XG chains or to the MTM surface. The resulting materials are analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, carbohydrate analysis, calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, and oxygen barrier properties. We compare the resulting mechanical properties at low and high relative humidity. The periodate oxidation leads to a strong increase in modulus and strength of the materials. A modulus of 30 GPa for cross-linked composite at 50% relative humidity compared with 13.7 GPa for neat XG/MTM demonstrates that periodate oxidation of the XG side chains leads to crucially improved stress transfer at the XG/MTM interface, possibly through covalent bond formation. This enhanced interfacial adhesion and internal cross-linking of the matrix moreover preserves the mechanical properties at high humidity condition and leads to a Young's modulus of 21 GPa at 90%RH.
A solid-state Li–air battery: computational studies of interfaces and relevance to discharge mechanism (2023)

There is much interest in developing new energy storage systems to replace currently available ones that mainly work based on Li-ion intercalations. One attractive area is the Li-air battery for which most of the research has involved liquid electrolytes. There have been few studies on the use of a solid electrolyte in a Li-air battery. Recently, we reported the successful use of a solid-state electrolyte in a Li-air battery resulting in a Li<sub>2</sub>O product and potentially much higher energy density than in a Li-air battery based on either a Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or LiO<sub>2</sub> product (<i>Science</i>, 2023, <b>379</b>, 499). In this paper we discuss how the discharge mechanism involved in this solid-state Li-air battery differs from that of a Li-air battery with a liquid electrolyte. The solid-state mechanism is further explored with density functional studies of various interfaces involving the discharge product. We discuss the relevance of the results to the discharge mechanism in the solid-state Li-air battery.
Hybrid Analog-Digital Transceiver Designs for mmWave Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Systems (2018)

Hybrid Analog/Digital (A/D) pre-/post-coding solutions aim at the reduction of the hardware complexity and power consumption of a system employed with a large-scale antenna array functioning in the millimeter (mmWave) band. This is achieved by enabling the transceiver design with fewer Radio Frequency (RF) chains than antennas. In this work, hybrid A/D transceiver designs are developed for a relay assisted mmWave system that aims at data transmission from a source to a destination node via the well-known amplify-and-forward cooperative protocol. To that end, hybrid solutions are proposed for the joint design of the source and relay nodes precoders and for the destination ones, as well. Contrariwise to existing literature approaches that develop codebook-based solutions and exhibit limitations on the performance, the proposed approaches are codebook-free and present significantly improved spectral efficiency, as it is verified via the presented simulations.