gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Approach for Enhancement of n-Channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Performance with Carbon-Doped Source/Drain Formed by Molecular Carbon Ion Implantation and Laser Annealing (2011)

Enhancement of n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (nMOSFET) performance with a carbon-doped source/drain (Si:C-S/D) was approached analytically for the first time. Si:C-S/D was formed by molecular carbon (C 7 H x ) ion implantation and laser annealing. C 7 H x implantation forms a smooth interface between Si:C layers and Si substrates, and laser annealing also achieves a high carbon concentration of substitution. The channel strain with Si:C-S/D was successfully measured by UV Raman spectroscopy using a particular test pattern. The thick Si:C-S/D layer and the high carbon concentration of substitution produce a large strain at the channel region. It was confirmed that the performance of nMOSFETs is effectively improved by strained Si:C-S/D. These analytical approaches are quite valuable for promoting the development of strained nMOSFETs with Si:C-S/D.
Analytical Chemistry for Homeland Defense and National Security (2018)

The budget was requested to support speaker expenses to attend and speak in the day long symposium at the ACS meeting. The purpose of the symposium was to encourage analytical chemists to contribute to national security.
Reduction of mRNA export unmasks different tissue sensitivities to low mRNA levels during Caenorhabditis elegans development (2019)

Animal development requires the execution of specific transcriptional programs in different sets of cells to build tissues and functional organs. Transcripts are exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where they are translated into proteins that, ultimately, carry out the cellular functions. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, reduction of mRNA export strongly affects epithelial morphogenesis and germline proliferation while other tissues remain relatively unaffected. Epithelialization and gamete formation demand a large number of transcripts in the cytoplasm for the duration of these processes. In addition, our findings highlight the existence of a regulatory feedback mechanism that activates gene expression in response to low levels of cytoplasmic mRNA. We expand the genetic characterization of nuclear export factor NXF-1 to other members of the mRNA export pathway to model mRNA export and recycling of NXF-1 back to the nucleus. Our model explains how mutations in genes involved in general processes, such as mRNA export, may result in tissue-specific developmental phenotypes.
Electromigration of aluminum cathodes in polymer-based electroluminescent devices (1996)

Dark, nonemissive defects form on the metal cathode in most molecular organic and polymer-based light emitting devices and eventually lead to the failure of the device. These defects have been characterized in situ using optical microscopy and ex situ using atomic force microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. On the basis of these observations, an electromigration mechanism for the formation of dark spot defects is proposed. The high current density required to operate polymer-based light emitting devices leads to electron-induced diffusion of the Al cathode when a short circuit forms in the emissive polymer layer. This process results in a ‘‘pileup’’ of metal at the short circuit (anode) and a surrounding circular region where the Al is depleted, appearing as a dark spot on the cathode.
Friction Measurement and Feeling Evaluation of Fabrics Classified by Sensual Expressions (2019)

Next generation robots are expected to assist humans by means of tactile sensing technologies. Relationships between physically measured values of fabrics with a friction sense tester KES-SE-SR-U (KATO TECH, Japan) and human friction sensations were evaluated. MIU (average friction coefficient), MMD (average deviation of friction coefficient) and SMD (average deviation of surface roughness) were measured with the friction sense tester. It was found that there were good correlations between the MIU, MMD, and SMD and sensual expressions, “Soft Feel”, “Rough Feel”, and “Uneven Feel”, respectively. Especially in “Soft Feel” fabrics, the measured MIUs were increased with an increase of sensual strength of the “Soft feel” of the fabrics. The subductions of the z-axis head of the tester to the fabrics were increased with an increase of sensual strength of the “Soft Feel”. The fabric fuzz brings on the subduction of the head and increasing of the MIUs. The MIUs were increased with fabric fuzz length and density. The sensual strengths of the “Soft Feel” were also increased with the fabric fuzz length and density. Therefore, it is thought that the “Soft Feel” is caused by fabric fuzz. The obtained relationships of feelings and physical values are important for the tactile sensing technologies and robot applications.
Effect of shell thickness on small-molecule solar cells enhanced by dual plasmonic gold-silica nanorods (2014)

Chemically synthesized gold (Au)-silica nanorods with shell thickness of 0 nm–10 nm were incorporated into the bulk heterojunction of a small-molecule organic solar cell. At optimal (1 wt. %) concentration, Au-silica nanorods with 5 nm shell thickness resulted in the highest power conversion efficiency of 8.29% with 27% relative enhancement. Finite-difference time-domain simulation shows that the localized electric field intensity at the silica shell-organic layer interface decreases with the increase of shell thickness for both 520 nm and 680 nm resonance peaks. The enhanced haze factor for transmission/reflection of the organic layer is not strongly dependent on the shell thickness. Bare Au nanorods yielded the lowest efficiency of 5.4%. Light intensity dependence measurement of the short-circuit current density shows that the silica shell reduces bimolecular recombination at the Au surface. As a result, both localized field intensity and light scattering are involved in efficiency enhancement for an optimized shell thickness of 5 nm.
Menstrual Cycle–related Fluctuations in Breast Density Measured by Using Three-dimensional MR Imaging (2011)

The fluctuation of breast density measured at MR imaging during a menstrual cycle was around 7%. The results may help the design and interpretation of future studies by using the change of breast density as a surrogate marker to evaluate the efficacy of hormone-modifying drugs for cancer treatment or cancer prevention.
Thermally Sprayed Coatings for Lightweight Brake Rotors (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Thermal spray technology has been successfully applied to brake discs used in motorsport and road vehicles. This technology has helped to improve the performance and reduce the cost of braking systems.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A lightweight brake rotor has been developed based on a metal matrix composite (MMC) disc. Its surface is normalised by the application of a thermally sprayed coating that is compatible with current brake pad technology. This paper discusses optimisation of the spray material and sprayed coating&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Coated MMC discs have been evaluated in extensive dynamometer and in-vehicle testing and these results are reported. The cost-effectiveness of coated lightweight brake discs has been an important consideration.&lt;/div&gt;
Metabolic Engineering of Fungal Strains for Conversion of d -Galacturonate to meso -Galactarate (2009)

D-galacturonic acid can be obtained by hydrolyzing pectin, which is an abundant and low value raw material. By means of metabolic engineering, we constructed fungal strains for the conversion of D-galacturonate to meso-galactarate (mucate). Galactarate has applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals and as a platform chemical. In fungi D-galacturonate is catabolized through a reductive pathway with a D-galacturonate reductase as the first enzyme. Deleting the corresponding gene in the fungi Hypocrea jecorina and Aspergillus niger resulted in strains unable to grow on D-galacturonate. The genes of the pathway for D-galacturonate catabolism were upregulated in the presence of D-galacturonate in A. niger, even when the gene for D-galacturonate reductase was deleted, indicating that D-galacturonate itself is an inducer for the pathway. A bacterial gene coding for a D-galacturonate dehydrogenase catalyzing the NAD-dependent oxidation of D-galacturonate to galactarate was introduced to both strains with disrupted D-galacturonate catabolism. Both strains converted D-galacturonate to galactarate. The resulting H. jecorina strain produced galactarate at high yield. The A. niger strain regained the ability to grow on d-galacturonate when the D-galacturonate dehydrogenase was introduced, suggesting that it has a pathway for galactarate catabolism.
Spatiotemporal Bundle Adjustment for Dynamic 3D Human Reconstruction in the Wild (2020)

Bundle adjustment jointly optimizes camera intrinsics and extrinsics and 3D point triangulation to reconstruct a static scene. The triangulation constraint, however, is invalid for moving points captured in multiple unsynchronized videos and bundle adjustment is not designed to estimate the temporal alignment between cameras. We present a spatiotemporal bundle adjustment framework that jointly optimizes four coupled sub-problems: estimating camera intrinsics and extrinsics, triangulating static 3D points, as well as sub-frame temporal alignment between cameras and computing 3D trajectories of dynamic points. Key to our joint optimization is the careful integration of physics-based motion priors within the reconstruction pipeline, validated on a large motion capture corpus of human subjects. We devise an incremental reconstruction and alignment algorithm to strictly enforce the motion prior during the spatiotemporal bundle adjustment. This algorithm is further made more efficient by a divide and conquer scheme while still maintaining high accuracy. We apply this algorithm to reconstruct 3D motion trajectories of human bodies in dynamic events captured by multiple uncalibrated and unsynchronized video cameras in the wild. To make the reconstruction visually more interpretable, we fit a statistical 3D human body model to the asynchronous video streams. Compared to the baseline, the fitting significantly benefits from the proposed spatiotemporal bundle adjustment procedure. Because the videos are aligned with sub-frame precision, we reconstruct 3D motion at much higher temporal resolution than the input videos. Website: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ILIM/projects/IM/STBA.
Variations in algorithm implementation among quantitative texture analysis software packages (2018)

Open-source texture analysis software allows for the advancement of radiomics research. Variations in texture features, however, result from discrepancies in algorithm implementation. Anatomically matched regions of interest (ROIs) that captured normal breast parenchyma were placed in the magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 20 patients at two time points. Six first-order features and six gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features were calculated for each ROI using four texture analysis packages. Features were extracted using package-specific default GLCM parameters and using GLCM parameters modified to yield the greatest consistency among packages. Relative change in the value of each feature between time points was calculated for each ROI. Distributions of relative feature value differences were compared across packages. Absolute agreement among feature values was quantified by the intra-class correlation coefficient. Among first-order features, significant differences were found for max, range, and mean, and only kurtosis showed poor agreement. All six second-order features showed significant differences using package-specific default GLCM parameters, and five second-order features showed poor agreement; with modified GLCM parameters, no significant differences among second-order features were found, and all second-order features showed poor agreement. While relative texture change discrepancies existed across packages, these differences were not significant when consistent parameters were used.
Stack performance improvement of stacked U-Net (2020)

Stacked U-Net is a multistage model of U-Net used for image-to-image conversion, which is known to improve accuracy by increasing the number of stacks. This model is useful because the accuracy is improved by simply increasing the number of stacks. Alternatively, the problem of deteriorating accuracy is encountered if the number of stacks is excessively increased. We propose herein a structure where the global skip connection of the U-Net transmits only high-frequency components. Then, we confirmed by experiments that the accuracy does not degrade with an increase in the number of stacks compared with the existing methods.
Supplementary Data from Improved Efficacy of Tafasitamab plus Lenalidomide versus Systemic Therapies for Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL: RE-MIND2, an Observational Retrospective Matched Cohort Study (2023)

Supplementary Data from Improved Efficacy of Tafasitamab plus Lenalidomide versus Systemic Therapies for Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL: RE-MIND2, an Observational Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
Reporting quality of systematic reviews with moxibustion (2020)

The reporting quality of SRs of moxibustion need further improvements in terms of adequate reporting of moxibustion interventions and of moxibustion-related rationales. Reporting guideline of "PRISMA extension for moxibustion interventions" should be developed thus to improve their quality.
Digital tomosynthesis for verifying spine position during radiotherapy: a phantom study (2013)

Monitoring the stability of patient position is essential during high-precision radiotherapy such as spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We evaluated the combination of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) and triangulation for spine position detection, using non-clinical DTS software and an anthropomorphic pelvic phantom that includes a bone-like spine structure. Kilovoltage cone beam CT projection images over 2-16° gantry rotation were used to generate single slice DTS images. Each DTS slice was registered to a digitally reconstructed DTS derived from the planning CT scan to determine 2D shifts between actual phantom and treatment plan position. Two or more DTS registrations, central axes 4-22° apart, were triangulated to determine the 3D phantom position. Using sequentially generated DTS images, the phantom position can be updated every degree with a small latency of DTS and triangulation angle. The precision of position determination was investigated as function of DTS and triangulation angle. To mimic the scenario of spine SBRT, the effect on the standard deviation of megavoltage radiation delivery during kV image acquisition was tested. In addition, the ability of the system to detect different types of movement was investigated for a variety of small sudden and gradual movements during kV image acquisition.
Immunoglobulin Gene Insertions and Deletions in the Affinity Maturation of HIV-1 Broadly Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies (2020)

Induction of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development but has remained challenging partially due to unusual traits of bnAbs, including high somatic hypermutation (SHM) frequencies and in-frame insertions and deletions (indels). Here we examined the propensity and functional requirement for indels within HIV-1 bnAbs. High-throughput sequencing of the immunoglobulin (Ig) VHDJH genes in HIV-1 infected and uninfected individuals revealed that the indel frequency was elevated among HIV-1-infected subjects, with no unique properties attributable to bnAb-producing individuals. This increased indel occurrence depended only on the frequency of SHM point-mutations. Indel-encoded regions were generally proximal to antigen binding sites. Additionally, reconstruction of a HIV-1 CD4-binding site bnAb clonal lineage revealed that a large compound VHDJH indel was required for bnAb activity. Thus, vaccine development should focus on designing regimens targeted at sustained activation of bnAb lineages to achieve the required SHM and indel events.
Soluble CD4 blocks the infectivity of diverse strains of HIV and SIV for T cells and monocytes but not for brain and muscle cells (1989)

The CD4 antigen has been subverted as a receptor by the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV). Several groups have reported that recombinant, soluble forms of the CD4 molecule (sCD4) block the infection of T lymphocytes by HIV-1, as CD4 binds the HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, with high affinity. We now report that sCD4 blocks diverse strains of HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV, but is less effective for HIV-2. The blocking effect is apparent even after adsorption of virions to CD4 cells. Soluble CD4 prevents HIV infection of T-lymphocytic and myelomonocytic cell lines, but neither sCD4 nor anti-CD4 antibodies inhibit infection of glioma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines.
Basic optical and radiation response properties of Lumilass-B fluorescent glass (2014)

The optical, scintillation, and dosimetric properties of Lumilass-B fluorescent glass were studied. The glass showed an ultraviolet absorption band that can be attributed to the transition from 4f7(8S7/2) ground state to the 4f65d excited state of Eu2+ ions in the glass matrix. When an X-ray excited the glass, the radioluminescence band appeared at 400 nm as in the PL spectrum. This is identified as the transition from the 5d excited state to the 4f7(8S7/2) ground state of Eu2+. The scintillation decay time under excitation with the pulsed X-ray was calculated to be about 630 ns. The irradiation dose response of the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) intensities was linear in the studied dose range at 0.25–200 mGy and 0.25–16 Gy, respectively.
Koko: engineering affective applications (2009)

The Toxoplasma gondii locus mitochondrial association factor 1 (MAF1) encodes multiple paralogs, some of which mediate host mitochondrial association (HMA). Previous work showed that HMA was a trait that arose in T. gondii through neofunctionalization of an ancestral MAF1 ortholog. Structural analysis of HMA-competent and incompetent MAF1 paralogs (MAF1b and MAF1a, respectively) revealed that both paralogs harbor an ADP ribose binding macro-domain, with comparatively low (micromolar) affinity for ADP ribose. Replacing the 16 C-terminal residues of MAF1b with those of MAF1a abrogated HMA, and we also show that only three residues in the C-terminal helix are required for MAF1-mediated HMA. Importantly these same three residues are also required for the in vivo growth advantage conferred by MAF1b, providing a definitive link between in vivo proliferation and manipulation of host mitochondria. Co-immunoprecipitation assays reveal that the ability to interact with the mitochondrial MICOS complex is shared by HMA-competent and incompetent MAF1 paralogs and mutants. The weak ADPr coordination and ability to interact with the MICOS complex shared between divergent paralogs may represent modular ancestral functions for this tandemly expanded and diversified T. gondii locus.
Rapid ventricular pacing can reduce heart motion and facilitate stent deployment to the optimal position during coronary artery stenting: initial experience (2007)

Rapid ventricular pacing is a safe and promising option for precise stent positioning, when movement of the stent delivery system prevents precise deployment.
Guest Editorial: Hardware/Software Cross-Layer Technologies for Trustworthy and Secure Computing (2016)

The increasing complexity of networked computing systems makes modern network systems vulnerable to various attacks against their resources, infrastructure, and operability. While the reasons for such attacks may be tied to complex sociological issues, the cause of the inadequate defense solutions lies in the single-layered approach used to address computer systems security. Current security approaches separate defense strategies into distinct realms, either hardware or software. Accordingly, cross-layer approaches for secure computing and circuit systems are entirely lacking. In addition, the wide usage of third-party IP cores and outsourcing fabrication/packaging services make it possible for malicious hardware modules to enter the design flow and complicate the problem of trusted system design and verification. Although hardware security has been under investigation for years, systematically understanding the security threats to hardware infrastructure from a cross-layer perspective is an emerging research topic. Therefore, this special issue intends to serve as a forum to present state-of-the-art security solutions crossing software and hardware layers towards trustworthy computing system development.
Avis en réponse à la saisine HCB 150129 - dossier 2014-1211 concernant le dossier EFSA-GMO-NL-2014-121. Paris, le 22 avril 2015 (2015)

Le Haut Conseil des biotechnologies (HCB) a été saisi le 4 février 2015 par les autorités compétentes françaises (le ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt) d’une demande d’avis relative à une évaluation du dossier EFSA-GMO-NL-2014-121 portant sur une demande d’autorisation de mise sur le marché du soja génétiquement modifié MON 87751 pour l’importation, la transformation, et l’alimentation humaine et animale. Ce dossier a été déposé par la société Monsanto auprès des autorités compétentes néerlandaises sur le fondement du règlement (CE) n° 1829/2003. Dans le cadre de ce règlement, l’évaluation des dossiers de demande de mise sur le marché est confiée à l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA). Les Etats membres disposent de trois mois pour envoyer leurs commentaires à l’EFSA en contribution à l’évaluation du dossier. Dans ce contexte, le HCB est invité à proposer des commentaires à destination de l’EFSA au plus tard le 23 avril 2015. Le Comité scientifique (CS)2 du HCB a procédé à l’examen de ce dossier le 26 mars 2015 sous la présidence de Jean-Christophe Pagès.
A phase III clinical trial of a mixture agent of plasma‐derived factor VIIa and factor X (MC710) in haemophilia patients with inhibitors (2016)

These results show that MC710 has sufficient haemostatic efficacy and safety, and can be used as a potential bypassing agent to control bleeding in haemophilia patients with inhibitors.
Functional motor recovery is improved due to local placement of GDNF microspheres after delayed nerve repair (2012)

The majority of bioengineering strategies to promote peripheral nerve regeneration after injury have focused on therapies to bridge large nerve defects while fewer therapies are being developed to treat other nerve injuries, such as nerve transection. We constructed delivery systems using fibrin gels containing either free GDNF or polylactide-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres with GDNF to treat delayed nerve repair, where ELISA verified GDNF release. We determined the formulation of microspheres containing GDNF that optimized nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of delayed nerve repair. Experimental groups underwent delayed nerve repair and treatment with GDNF microspheres in fibrin glue at the repair site or control treatments (empty microspheres or free GDNF without microspheres). Contractile muscle force, muscle mass, and MUNE were measured 12 weeks following treatment, where GDNF microspheres (2 weeks formulation) were superior compared to either no GDNF or short-term release of free GDNF to nerve. Nerve histology distal to the repair site demonstrated increased axon counts and fiber diameters due to GDNF microspheres (2 weeks formulation). GDNF microspheres partially reversed the deleterious effects of chronic nerve injury, and recovery was slightly favored with the 2 weeks formulation compared to the 4 weeks formulation.