gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (2017)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the increased spread of multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), there is a real urgency to develop new therapeutic strategies against M. tuberculosis infections. Traditionally, compounds are evaluated based on their antibacterial activity under in vitro growth conditions in broth; however, results are often misleading for intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis since in-broth phenotypic screening conditions are significantly different from the actual disease conditions within the human body. Screening for inhibitors that work inside macrophages has been traditionally difficult due to the complexity, variability in infection, and slow replication rate of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we report a new approach to rapidly assess the effectiveness of compounds on the viability of M. tuberculosis in a macrophage infection model. Using a combination of a cytotoxicity assay and an in-broth M. tuberculosis viability assay, we were able to create a screening system that generates a comprehensive analysis of compounds of interest. This system is capable of producing quantitative data at a low cost that is within reach of most labs and yet is highly scalable to fit large industrial settings.
A Pair of “ACEs” (2021)

The emergence of the COVID-19 viral pandemic has generated a renewed interest in pharmacologic agents that target the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) inhibitors decrease the synthesis of angiotensin II (Ang II) from its precursor angiotensin I and inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, while Ang II receptor blockers antagonize the action of Ang II at the receptor level downstream. The actions of both classes of drugs lead to vasodilation, a blunting of sympathetic drive and a reduction in aldosterone release, all beneficial effects in hypertension and congestive heart failure. ACE2 cleaves the vasoconstrictor Ang II to produce the anti-inflammatory cytoprotective angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) peptide, which functions through the G protein-coupled receptor MAS to counteract the pathophysiologic effects induced by Ang II via its receptors, including vasoconstriction, inflammation, hypercoagulation, and fibrosis. SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells by binding ACE2 on the cell surface, decreases ACE2 activity, competes for ACE2 receptor-binding sites, and shifts the RAS toward an overexpression of Ang II, accounting for many of the deleterious effects of the virus. Thus, there is great interest in developing recombinant ACE2 as a therapeutic for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Notably, ACE2 is highly expressed in the oral cavity, and saliva and dorsum of the tongue are major reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2. Cost-effective methods to debulk the virus in the oral cavity may aid in the prevention of viral spread. Here we review the pharmacology of targeted small molecule inhibitors of the RAS and discuss novel approaches to employing ACE2 as a therapeutic for COVID-19.
Status Report of the ATLAS SCT Optical Links (2001)

The ATLAS SCT optical links system is reviewed.The assembly and testing of prototype opto-harnesses are described.Results are also given from a system test of the SCT barrel modules, including optical readout.
Tetrakis(trichlorophosphine)nickel(0) (2001)

[36421-86-0] Cl12NiP4 (MW 607.97) InChI = 1S/4Cl3P.Ni/c4*1-4(2)3; InChIKey = MCELDGNFCRWVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (source of nickel(0) useful for the cyclotetramerization of alkynes2) Physical Data: thermochromic crystalline solid that is pale yellow at rt and white at temperatures below −30 °C; mp 120 °C (dec). Solubility: readily sol benzene, cyclohexane, chloroform, CCl4, pentane Analysis of Reagent Purity: 31P NMR: 171.8 ppm (downfield from H3PO4).3 IR (Nujol): 325s, 500s, 570s, 805m, 870m cm−1.4 Preparative Methods: the original preparation involved addition of excess Phosphorus(III) Chloride to Tetracarbonylnickel (caution: extremely toxic, volatile), whereupon CO was immediately evolved. The reaction was completed by heating the pale-yellow solution to reflux. Distillation removed most of the remaining PCl3. The pot residue was dissolved in pentane at rt and the resulting solution cooled to −60 °C to crystallize the product as fine crystals, which were dried on a porous plate. Two recrystallizations were sufficient to remove all PCl3 and gave an 80% yield of Ni(PCl3)4. All manipulations were carried out under inert atmosphere.5 The complex may also be prepared by reaction of PCl3 with Ni(allyl)2.6 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the flammable crystalline solid is stable in air but highly oxygen sensitive in solution. Special inert-atmosphere techniques must be used.7 Should be stored at 0 °C.
Evaluation of analogs of mutacin 1140 in systemic and cutaneous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection models in mice (2022)

Mutacin 1140 (Mu1140) is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria, such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The antibiotic is produced by the oral bacterium <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and is a member of the epidermin family of type AI lantibiotics. The antibiotic exerts its inhibitory activity by binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II, blocking cell wall synthesis, and by disrupting bacterial membranes. In previous studies, the novel K2A and R13A analogs of Mu1140 have been identified to have superior pharmacokinetic properties compared to native Mu1140. In this study, the use of a combined formulation of the Mu1140 K2A and R13A analogs was shown to be more effective at treating MRSA bacteremia than the native Mu1140 or vancomycin. The analogs were also shown to be effective in treating an MRSA skin infection. The use of K2A and R13A analogs may provide a future alternative for treating serious Gram-positive bacterial infections. In a previous study, the Mu1140 analogs were shown to have significantly longer drug clearance times, leading to higher plasma concentrations over time. These properties warranted further testing to determine whether the analogs are effective for the treatment of systemic MRSA and acute skin infections. In this study, Mu1140 analogs were shown to be more effective than currently available treatments for systemic and skin MRSA infections. Further, the study clearly shows that the new analogs are superior to native Mu1140 for the treatment of a systemic MRSA infection. These findings support continued drug product development efforts using the K2A and R13A Mu1140 analogs, and that these analogs may ameliorate the outcome of serious bacterial infections.
Stereoselective syntheses via a photochemical template effect (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective syntheses via a photochemical template effectJulien Damen and D. C. NeckersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 9, 3265–3267Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00529a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00529a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Kinetic Analysis of the Effects of Inhibitor-1 and Inhibitor-2 on the Activity of Protein Phosphatase-1 (1983)

The steady-state interaction between protein phosphatase-1 and its two inhibitor proteins was studied in vitro at low enzyme concentrations where the assumptions of the Michaelis-Menten equation appeared to be valid. Under these conditions, and in the absence of divalent cations, inhibitor-1 behaved as a mixed inhibitor using phosphorylase alpha as a substrate, whereas inhibitor-2 was a competitive inhibitor. The results demonstrate that inhibitor-1 and inhibitor-2 do not interact with protein phosphatase-1 in an identical manner. Inhibitor-1 was only a substrate for protein phosphatase-1 in the presence of Mn2+, and its dephosphorylation was inhibited competitively by inhibitor-2 (Kis = 8 nM). Inhibitor-1 did not inhibit its own dephosphorylation in the presence of Mn2+. Its Km as a substrate (190 nM) was very much higher than its Ki as an inhibitor (1.5-7.5 nM). The results are consistent with a model in which a single binding site for inhibitor-1 is present on protein phosphatase-1, distinct from the binding site for phosphorylase alpha. It is envisaged that the binding of inhibitor-1 to this site not only inhibits the dephosphorylation of other substrates but permits access of its phosphothreonine to the same catalytic group(s) responsible for the dephosphorylation of other substrates. G-substrate, a protein phosphorylated exclusively on threonine residues, did not inhibit the dephosphorylation of phosphorylase alpha and its dephosphorylation was potently inhibited by inhibitor-1 or inhibitor-2. The role of the phosphothreonine residue in inhibitor-1 is discussed in the light of these results.
<title>Image-Based Visual Servo Control Of Robots</title> (1983)

Visual servo control offers advantages for flexibility and interactive performance of robotic systems. Design of such systems requires formal analysis of both the image processing requirements and the control strategy for multi-degree-of-freedom systems. Image features may be extracted and interpreted to provide estimates of relative camera position in three-dimensional space. Image features in themselves often maintain continuity during sequences of time-varying images, and that continuity provides a basis for use of features as control variables. Analysis and simulation of model reference adaptive control structures have shown that with proper attention to regimes of operation and priority among features, image-based control of multi-degree-of-freedom systems may provide improved dynamic performance due to reduction in image interpretation computational load and estimation noise.
Printed Antennas for Combined RFID and 2D Barcodes (2011)

The adoption of RFID and Near Field Communication (NFC) Devices, while slower than the optimistic projections of several years back, is nevertheless relentless, to the effect that large retailers such as Wal-Mart are willing to place RFID labels costing roughly 0.10 per package on products which retail for less than US 7. The advantage of the RFID adoption is initially in inventory management (&#x201C;just in time&#x201D; stocking) and re-ordering, sales analytics, etc. However, by combining the printing of the RFID antenna with the printing of other consumer features, significant cost benefits can result. We have tested combining an RFID antenna with the printing of a 2D barcode, and demonstrated that we can replicate the 96-bit GS1 SGTIN (Serialized Global Trade Item Number) information of the RFID chip in the 2D barcode, while using the reference (&#x201C;L&#x201D; shaped outline of two of the four sides of the 2D barcode) of the 2D barcode for the RFID antenna. Properly crafting the antenna can result in a significant increase in RFID reading range (up to 100X in our experiments), and the antenna can also be crafted to fit the form factor of the product tag. Our paper will discuss some of the implications this work has on hybrid (printing + sensors) smart labels and tags and their use in various retail, industrial, government and manufacturing workflows.
Frequency-based current-sharing techniques for paralleled power converters (2002)

This paper introduces a new current-sharing technique for paralleled power converters which is based on frequency encoding of the current-sharing information. The approach has significant advantages over existing methods, including the ability to isolate the transformer or eliminate current-sharing control connections. Operation of the current-sharing technique is analyzed, and experimental results from a 3-cell prototype system are presented.
NAD Metabolome Analysis in Human Cells Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy (2018)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphorylated form, NADP, are the major coenzymes of redox reactions in central metabolic pathways. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is also used to generate second messengers, such as cyclic ADP-ribose, and serves as substrate for protein modifications including ADP-ribosylation and protein deacetylation by sirtuins. The regulation of these metabolic and signaling processes depends on NAD availability. Generally, human cells accomplish their NAD supply through biosynthesis using different forms of vitamin B3: Nicotinamide (Nam) and nicotinic acid as well as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinic acid riboside (NAR). These precursors are converted to the corresponding mononucleotides NMN and NAMN, which are adenylylated to the dinucleotides NAD and NAAD, respectively. Here, we have developed an NMR-based experimental approach to detect and quantify NAD(P) and its biosynthetic intermediates in human cell extracts. Using this method, we have determined NAD, NADP, NMN and Nam pools in HEK293 cells cultivated in standard culture medium containing Nam as the only NAD precursor. When cells were grown in the additional presence of both NAR and NR, intracellular pools of deamidated NAD intermediates (NAR, NAMN and NAAD) were also detectable. We have also tested this method to quantify NAD+ in human platelets and erythrocytes. Our results demonstrate that ¹H NMR spectroscopy provides a powerful method for the assessment of the cellular NAD metabolome.
Conversion of Sugars to Lactic Acid Derivatives Using Heterogeneous Zeotype Catalysts (2010)

Presently, very few compounds of commercial interest are directly accessible from carbohydrates by using nonfermentive approaches. We describe here a catalytic process for the direct formation of methyl lactate from common sugars. Lewis acidic zeotypes, such as Sn-Beta, catalyze the conversion of mono- and disaccharides that are dissolved in methanol to methyl lactate at 160 degrees C. With sucrose as the substrate, methyl lactate yield reaches 68%, and the heterogeneous catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused multiple times after calcination without any substantial change in the product selectivity.
Measurements of differential cross-sections in four-lepton events in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector (2021)

A bstract Measurements of four-lepton differential and integrated fiducial cross-sections in events with two same-flavour, opposite-charge electron or muon pairs are presented. The data correspond to 139 fb − 1 of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions, collected by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (2015–2018). The final state has contributions from a number of interesting Standard Model processes that dominate in different four-lepton invariant mass regions, including single Z boson production, Higgs boson production and on-shell ZZ production, with a complex mix of interference terms, and possible contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. The differential cross-sections include the four-lepton invariant mass inclusively, in slices of other kinematic variables, and in different lepton flavour categories. Also measured are dilepton invariant masses, transverse momenta, and angular correlation variables, in four regions of four-lepton invariant mass, each dominated by different processes. The measurements are corrected for detector effects and are compared with state-of-the-art Standard Model calculations, which are found to be consistent with the data. The Z → 4 ℓ branching fraction is extracted, giving a value of (4 . 41 ± 0 . 30) × 10 − 6 . Constraints on effective field theory parameters and a model based on a spontaneously broken B − L gauge symmetry are also evaluated. Further reinterpretations can be performed with the provided information.
Urinary metabolites of oxapadol (MD720111), a new non-narcotic analgesic agent, in the rat, dog and man (1981)

1. A number of metabolites of oxapadol were isolated from urine of rat, dog and man after administration of a single dose of 14C-labelled compound. They were identified by direct inlet mass spectrometry and chromatographic comparison with reference compounds. 2. Oxapadol was extensively metabolized and the unchanged drug was undetectable in rat or human urine; only traces were found in dog urine. Nine metabolites were identified in rat and dog urine, and six in man. 3. The routes of biotransformation were: (a) aromatic hydroxylation, mainly in the benzimidazole ring, (b) scission of the heterocyclic ring following two different pathways, and (c) a combination of the two. Regioselectivity was observed for aromatic hydroxylation, as only three of the four possible monohydroxy oxazepinobenzimidazoles could be detected.
Coordinated failure response and recovery in a decentralized microgrid architecture (2017)

The challenge of failure management emerges in decentralized architectures due to the distributed nature of the layered control process. Failures in microgrid system may occur at the microgrid level or any of the control layers. A failure detection and response mechanism is required to attain a reliable, fault-tolerant microgrid operation. This paper introduces a Failure Management Unit as an essential function in a microgrid Energy Management System. The proposed unit comprises failure detection mechanisms and a recovery algorithm. The proposed system is applied to a microgrid case study and shows a robust detection and recovery outcome during a system failure. The real-time experimental results were achieved using Hardware-In-the-Loop platform. Coordination between controllers during the recovery period requires low-bandwidth communications, which has no significant overhead on the communication infrastructure.
Microemulsions of Record Low Amphiphile Concentrations Are Affected by the Ambient Gravitational Field (2016)

It is shown that the ternary system heavy water-heptane-hexadecyl hexaethylene oxide (C16E6) has a stable bicontinuous microemulsion phase down to an exceptionally low concentration at the balanced temperature of 26.8 °C. It is further demonstrated that the ambient gravitational field has an influence on the observed phase equilibria for typical sample sizes (∼1 cm). Direct measurements using a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique demonstrate that sample compositions vary with the height in the vials. It is furthermore found that some samples show four phases at equilibrium in apparent violation of Gibbs' phase rule. It is pointed out that Gibbs' phase rule strictly applies only when effects of gravity are negligible. A further consequence of the ambient gravitational field is that, for the system studied, the microemulsion one-phase samples are not observed, when using standard size vials, that is, sample heights on the order of a centimeter. Quantitative determinations of concentration profiles can be used to determine parameters of the free-energy density for the system.
Verträglichkeitsvermittlung in Polymerblends aus ABS und Polycarbonat (2003)

Abstract No abstracts.
Non-contact measurement of sheet resistance and leakage current: applications for USJ-SDE/halo junctions (2005)

A powerful new tool for non-contact analysis of sheet resistance and leakage current in p-n junctions, based on junction photo-voltage analysis of carrier recombination, carrier spreading and loss in the junction, has been developed. The method has been demonstrated to be effective in measurements of p-n junctions from /spl sim/10 nm to >1 nm and over a dose range of /spl sim/10/sup 11/ to >10/sup 15/ ions/cm/sup 2/. RsL metrology is the first tool to provide dose metrology coverage over the full depth and dose range of CMOS transistor doping. The stability of the measurement results in an Rs repeatability for all junction conditions and does not require surface preparation, such as oxide strip, prior to measurement. RsL methods provide direct evaluation of junction leakage current, which is especially useful for shallow junction technology evaluation. The RsL probe has been incorporated into a fully-automated tool for in-line pilot line and production process development and production control applications.
424 HAp Orientation Dependent Deformation in Bone Tissue (2008)

Bone is a complex tissue having hierarchieal structure in different structura1 levels. Thc existerice of apatite minerals (near to hydroxyapatite crystals) embedded in coilagen matrix is basically considered for nanostmcture level study because of crystalline nature. Hence, understanding mechanical behavior of these crystals is very important to explain the mechanical properties of bone properly.
ChemInform Abstract: THE RELATIVE CONFIGURATION OF FLAVIPUCINE (1980)

Abstract Bei Ozonolyse von Flavipucin (I) erhält man das Oxidoester‐amid (IIa), das mit (IIb) im Gleichgewicht steht.
Stripe antiferromagnetic correlations in LaFeAsO1-xFx probed by 75As NMR (2010)

The anisotropy of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_{1}$ of $^{75}$As was investigated in the iron-based superconductor LaFeAs(O$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$) ($x = 0.07, 0.11$ and 0.14) as well as LaFeAsO. While the temperature dependence of the normal-state $1/T_1T$ in the superconducting (SC) $x = 0.07$ is different from that in the SC $x = 0.11$, their anisotropy of $1/T_1$, $R \equiv (1/T_{1})_{H \parallel ab}/(1/T_{1})_{H \parallel c}$ in the normal state is almost the same ($\simeq$ 1.5). The observed anisotropy is ascribable to the presence of the local stripe correlations with $Q = (π, 0)$ or $(0, π)$. In contrast, $1/T_1$ is isotropic and $R$ is approximately 1 in the overdoped $x = 0.14$ sample, where superconductivity is almost suppressed. These results suggest that the presence of the local stripe correlations originating from the nesting between hole and electron Fermi surfaces is linked to high-$T_c$ superconductivity in iron pnictides.
Design and performance of high-speed optical pulse-code generators using optical fiber Bragg gratings (1999)

The application of optical fiber Bragg grating filters to all-optical pulse-code generation was investigated. We report the design, fabrication, and testing of Bragg grating structures that convert a single picosecond input pulse into a train of output pulses, each with defined amplitude and timing. Experimental results are presented in which single 1.8 ps input pulses from a mode-locked fiber laser were efficiently converted into a "1101" optical codeword comprising a train of similar pulses, each separated by 11.1 ps.