gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New tools in cryptography: mutually independent commitments, tweakable block ciphers, and plaintext awareness via key registration (2004)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
The application of CPL reticle technology for the 0.045-mm node (2004)

Each generation of semiconductor device technology drive new and interesting resolution enhancement technology (RET’s). The race to smaller and smaller geometry’s has forced device manufacturers to k1’s approaching 0.40. The authors have been investigating the use of Chromeless phase-shifting masks (CLM) exposed with ArF, high numerical aperture (NA), and off-axis illumination (OAI) has been shown to produce production worthy sub-100nm resist patterns with acceptable overlapped process window across feature pitch. There have been a number of authors who have investigated CLM in the past but the technology has never received mainstream attention due to constraints such as wet quartz etch during mask fabrication, limited approach to optical proximity correction (OPC), and exposure tool limitations such as on-axis illumination and too low of NA. With novel binary halftone OPC and a capable modern mask making process, it has become possible to achieve global and local pattern optimization of the phase shifter for a given layout especially for patterning features with dimension at sub-half-exposure wavelength. The authors have built a number of test structures that require superior 2D control for SRAM gate structures. In this paper the authors will focus on image process integration for the 65nm node. Emphasis on pattern layout, mask fabrication and image processing will be discussed. Furthermore, the authors will discuss defect printing, inspection and repair, mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) of 2D structures coupled with phase error, layout, and mask fabrication specifications.
Annealing experiments of the GaP based dilute nitride Ga(NAsP) (2008)

Abstract The post‐growth annealing behaviour of Ga(NAsP) multi quantum well heterostructures (MQWHs) grown pseudomorphically strained to GaP substrate has been investigated. The optical properties as well as the structural crystal quality of the novel dilute nitride show an obvious dependence on the applied annealing temperature. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal a step‐like blue shift of the PL peak position in line with an increase of PL intensity with rising annealing temperature. The PL line width decreases to a mini‐ mal value for an optimized heating temperature around 800 °C. This annealing behaviour of the Ga(NAsP)/GaP‐MQWHs up to 850 °C is quite typical for a dilute nitride, however, the functional dependence of the integrated intensity above 850 °C is unusual. The increase of the PL line width above 850 °C suggests a deterioration of the crystalline MQW quality, but transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution X‐ray diffraction (XRD) prove the opposite. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Leptin induces inflammation-related genes in RINm5F insulinoma cells (2007)

The present data show that leptin induces a cytokine-like transcriptional response in RINm5F cells, consistent with the proposed function of leptin as a modulator of immune and inflammatory responses.
Antenna Characterization for Wireless Power-Transmission System Using Near-Field Coupling (2012)

A fundamental study was focused on the investigation of wireless power transmission by near-field coupling from the view point of the antennas. Two types of antennas - dipole and loop antennas - were used as the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna for electrical near-field coupling and for magnetic near-field coupling, respectively. The relationships among the power-transmission efficiency and the antennas' geometries, the antennas' electrical sizes, the impedance matching of the antennas, and the ohmic losses in the antennas and the impedance-matching circuits were clarified. Several observations were obtained, demonstrating the influence on the power-transmission efficiency of the impedance matching and ohmic losses in the wireless power-transmission system associated with near-field coupling.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Organoantimony(III)-Containing Heteropolytungstates (2012)

Three discrete organoantimony(III)-containing heteropolytungstates [(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-Ge(IV)W(9)O(34))(2)](12-) (1), [(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-P(V)W(9)O(34))(2)](10-) (2), and [{2-(Me(2)NCH(2)C(6)H(4))Sb(III)}(3)(B-α-As(III)W(9)O(33))](3-) (3) have been synthesized in one-pot reactions in aqueous medium using the appropriate lacunary heteropolyanion precursor and organoantimony(III) source. Polyanions 1-3 were isolated as hydrated salts, (NH(4))(12)[(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-Ge(IV)W(9)O(34))(2)]·20H(2)O (1a), Rb(9)Na[(PhSb(III))(4)(A-α-P(V)W(9)O(34))(2)]·20H(2)O (2a), and Rb(3)[{2-(Me(2)NCH(2)C(6)H(4))Sb(III)}(3)(B-α-As(III)W(9)O(33))]·7H(2)O (3a). The compounds 1a-3a were fully characterized in the solid state using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, single-crystal XRD, and thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. The stability of 1-3 in aqueous solution was confirmed by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P, and (183)W) spectroscopy. Preliminary studies on the biological activity of 1-3 showed that all three compounds might act as potent antimicrobial agents.
Mimicking DBS halftoning via a deep learning approach (2022)

In this paper we investigate applying two deep generative models to digital halftoning with the aim of generating halftones with comparable quality to those generated with the direct binary search (DBS) algorithm. For the first framework, we apply conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) using two discriminators with different receptive field size and a generator consisting of densely connected blocks. For the second framework, deep autoregressive (AR) models, we propose mapping input images into a feature space using a single forward pass of a deep neural network and then applying a shallow autoregressive model at the end output. Our methods show promising results; halftones generated with our algorithms are less noisy than those generated with DBS screen and do not contain artifacts commonly associated with error diffusion type algorithms.
Diffraction gratings as small-angle X-ray scattering calibration standards (2010)

It is shown that diffraction gratings can be used as accurate momentum-transfer calibration standards in small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. For demonstration purposes, a silicon diffraction grating with a period of 400 nm is used. The data exhibit 50 diffraction peaks evenly distributed in the momentum-transfer range q = 0.0–0.8 nm −1 , a regime that is not accessible using the traditional silver behenate standard.
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid versus Clomethiazole for the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in a Medical Intensive Care Unit: An Open, Single-Center Randomized Study (2009)

GHB effectively controls AWS symptoms in medical ICU patients. The rapid initial treatment response of GHB in contrast to CLO has no influence on duration of patient withdrawal.
Rapid in vitro production of single-stranded DNA (2019)

There is increasing demand for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of lengths >200 nucleotides (nt) in synthetic biology, biological imaging and bionanotechnology. Existing methods to produce high-purity long ssDNA face limitations in scalability, complexity of protocol steps and/or yield. We present a rapid, high-yielding and user-friendly method for in vitro production of high-purity ssDNA with lengths up to at least seven kilobases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a forward primer bearing a methanol-responsive polymer generates a tagged amplicon that enables selective precipitation of the modified strand under denaturing conditions. We demonstrate that ssDNA is recoverable in ∼40-50 min (time after PCR) with >70% yield with respect to the input PCR amplicon, or up to 70 pmol per 100 μl PCR reaction. We demonstrate that the recovered ssDNA can be used for CRISPR/Cas9 homology directed repair in human cells, DNA-origami folding and fluorescent in-situ hybridization.
Mimicking the antenna-electron transfer properties of photosynthesis (2000)

A molecular assembly based on derivatized polystyrene is described, which mimics both the light-harvesting and energy-conversion steps of photosynthesis. The system is unique in that the two key parts of a photosynthetic system are incorporated in a functional assembly constructed from polypyridine complexes of Ru(II). This system is truly artificial, as none of the components used in construction of the assembly are present in a natural photosynthetic system. Quantitative evaluation of the energy and electron transfer dynamics after transient irradiation by visible light offers important insights into the mechanisms of energy transport and electron transfer that lead to photosynthetic light-to-chemical energy conversion.
Aligned Nano‐Porous Microwave Exfoliated Graphite Oxide Ionic Actuators with High Strain and Elastic Energy Density (2013)

A high-density aligned nanoporous activated microwave exfoliated graphite oxide (aMEGO) ionic actuator is studied. Before applying an external electric field, the cations and anions are randomly distributed in the composite. After applying the electric field, ions ingress in between the aligned aMEGO sheets through the nanopores to compensate the charges on the electrodes, resulting in the separation of neighboring sheets and unidirectional electro actuation.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPRAY-GAS INTERACTION OF A SINGLE GDI JET BY MEANS OF VELOCIMETRY-BASED PRESSURE EVALUATION (2022)

Velocimetry-based pressure evaluation is used to investigate the spray transport of a single-hole gasoline direct injection (GDI) spray for different operating conditions. The study provides novel, formerly hidden insights into the interrelation between spray formation, momentum exchange and macroscopic spray properties such as penetration length and spray expansion. The former level of descriptive conclusions with respect to spray transport and spray gas interaction consequently have been verified on a quantitative evaluation basis. Increased momentum exchange between spray and ambient gas flow is uncovered for stronger spray disintegration, enhanced spray expansion, higher relative velocities and higher ambient gas densities. A particularly strong momentum exchange in flash-boiling atomisation is shown, which is attributed to the immediate and strong decay into small droplets, as well as to an increased area of drag due to a wide expansion of the spray. The penetration length of a single jet directly correlates with the level of exchanged momentum. The jet experiences a stronger deceleration for higher ambient gas densities, fuel temperatures, injection pressures and levels of superheat. In this context, the applied statistical approach has proven to accurately resolve even small pressure differences with respect to slight variations of thermodynamic conditions.
Dynamic scheduling techniques for heterogeneous computing systems (1995)

Abstract There has been a recent increase of interest in heterogeneous computing systems, due partly to the fact that a single parallel architecture may not be adequate for exploiting all of a program's available parallelism. In some cases, heterogeneous systems have been shown to produce higher performance for lower cost than a single large machine. However, there has been only limited work on developing techniques and frameworks for partitioning and scheduling applications across the components of a heterogeneous system. In this paper we propose a general model for describing and evaluating heterogeneous systems that considers the degree of uniformity in the processing elements and the communication channels as a measure of the heterogeneity in the system. We also propose a class of dynamic scheduling algorithms for a heterogeneous computing system interconnected with an arbitrary communication network. These algorithms execute a novel optimization technique to dynamically compute schedules based on the potentially non‐uniform computation and communication costs on the processors of a heterogeneous system. A unique aspect of these algorithms is that they easily adapt to different task granularities, to dynamically varying processor and system loads, and to systems with varying degrees of heterogeneity. Our simulations are designed to facilitate the evaluation of different scheduling algorithms under varying degrees of heterogeneity. The results show improved performance for our algorithms compared to the performance resulting from existing scheduling techniques.
Structural and Dielectric Properties in (1− x ) BaTiO 3 – x Bi ( Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) O 3 Ceramics (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) and Potential for High‐Voltage Multilayer Capacitors (2013)

Structural and dielectric properties of (1− x ) BaTiO 3 – x Bi ( Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) O 3 ( x = 0.1–0.5) were investigated to understand the binary system and utilize it for high‐voltage, high energy density capacitors. The solubility limit for Bi ( Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) O 3 in a BaTiO 3 perovskite was between x = 0.4 and x = 0.5. A phase with pseudocubic symmetry was formed for x = 0.1–0.4; a secondary phase developed at x = 0.5. Dielectric measurements showed highly diffusive and dispersive relaxor‐like characteristics from 10 to 40 mol% of Bi ( Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) O 3 . These compositions also showed high relative permittivity with low‐temperature coefficients of permittivity over a wide range of temperatures −100°C–600°C. Relaxation behavior was quantitatively investigated using the Vogel–Fulcher model, which revealed the activation energy of 0.17–0.22 eV. Prototyped multilayer capacitors of 18 mm × 17 mm × 4 mm dimensions with a capacitance of 12.5 nF at 1 kHz were successfully constructed and demonstrated multiple charge–discharge characteristics up to 10 kV.
L'anormalité du dommage (Cass. 1re civ., 6 avr. 2022, n° 21-12825) (2022)

National audience
Field-effect mobility of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (1988)

A field-effect transistor structure is used to study the transport properties of the soluble conductive polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene). We have measured conductance, mobility, and carrier concentration in undoped polymer thin films. The field-effect mobility was found to be 10−5–10−4 cm2/V s at room temperature. The mobility decreases with increased temperature. The change is only partly reversible. Possible transport models are discussed.
An Empirical Study of Distributed Application Performance (1985)

A major reason for the rarity of distributed applications, despite the proliferation of networks, is the sensitivity of their performance to various aspects of the network environment. We demonstrate that distributed applications can run faster than local ones, using common hardware. We also show that the primary factors affecting performance are, in approximate order of importance: speed of the user's workstation, speed of the remote host (if any), and the high-level (above the transport level) protocols used. In particular, the use of batching, pipelining, and structure in high-level protocols reduces the degradation often experienced between different bandwidth networks. Less significant, but still noticeable improvements result from proper design and implementation of the underlying transport protocols. Ultimately, with proper application of these techniques, network bandwidth is rendered virtually insignificant.
The FGF system has a key role in regulating vascular integrity (2009)

During the preparation of the manuscript, different fields of the same sample for WGA immunofluorescence staining were mistakenly used to represent 2 distinct treatment groups on 2 occasions, in Figures All authors have agreed to retract the article.
Impact of Capillary Pressure and Nanopore Confinement on Phase Behaviors of Shale Gas and Oil (2018)

In this paper, a general framework of theoretical models and algorithm is developed to predict phase envelopes (saturation points) and quality lines of shale gas and oil in nanopores. The equation of state (EOS) and the modified Young–Laplace equation are used to take into consideration the effect of phase behavior and capillary pressure on phase envelopes, respectively. The Zuo and Stenby parachor model is applied to determine interfacial tensions between the vapor and liquid phases. In addition, a critical property shift of pure components is utilized to account for the impact of nanopore confinement on phase envelopes. The algorithm has proven to be robust for generating phase envelopes including critical points, cricondentherms (maximum temperatures), and cricondenbars (maximum pressures) for a variety of fluids at different compositions, vapor mole fractions (quality lines), and pore sizes. The models and algorithm are then used to explain the recently measured data of normal boiling point or bubble point temperatures for pure n-heptane in type I kerogen, binary mixtures of n-pentane + n-hexane and n-pentane + n-heptane, and a ternary mixture of n-pentane + n-hexane + n-heptane in the nanofluidic devices. For pure n-heptane in type I kerogen, with a presumption of nanopores being completely wetted by the liquid phase, the models agree well with the experimental data within a reasonable range of type I kerogen nanopore distributions in the presence of capillary pressure effect only as well as both capillary pressure and nanopore confinement effects. However, for the binary and ternary mixtures in the nanofluidic devices, the complete wettability assumption seems no longer valid. The wetting fluid–wall interaction parameter (λ) is then adjusted to match the experimental data at the nanopore radius of 5 nm. The adjusted parameters are λ = −142.2 ∼ −167.5 and λ = −14.0 for the three tested binary and ternary mixtures in the presence of capillary pressure effect only as well as both capillary pressure and nanopore confinement effects, respectively. The models provide not only good predictions at other radii but also a correct trend for the mixtures in the presence of capillary pressure effect only but a wrong trend against the experimental data in the presence of both capillary pressure and nanopore confinement effects. In addition, in the presence of both capillary pressure and confinement effects, a decrease in bubble and dew point pressures with decreasing pore radius is observed for shale gas and oil. For gas condensate mixtures, field production data show that produced liquid and gas ratios decrease even at reservoir pressures above bulk retrograde dew points. It is obvious that the model with critical property shift contradicts the field observation. More research activities in this area are required. Although in the presence of capillary pressure effect only, a decrease in bubble point pressures is estimated for shale oil, an increase in dew point pressures is predicted for shale gas with decreasing pore radius.
Surface‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid Crystal–Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Materials: Ionic Liquid Crystals in Mesopores (2011)

The influence of confinement on the ionic liquid crystal (ILC) [C(18)C(1)Im][OTf] is studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The ILC studied is supported on Si-based powders and glasses with pore sizes ranging from 11 to 50 nm. The temperature of the solid-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition seems mostly unaffected by the confinement, whereas the temperature of the liquid-crystalline-to-liquid phase transition is depressed for smaller pore sizes. A contact layer with a thickness in the order of 2 nm is identified. The contact layer exhibits a phase transition at a temperature 30 K lower than the solid-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition observed for the neat ILC. For applications within the "supported ionic liquid phase (SILP)" concept, the experiments show that in pores of diameter 50 nm a pore filling of α>0.4 is sufficient to reproduce the phase transitions of the neat ILC.
Luminescent Complexes of Iridium(III) Containing N∧C∧N-Coordinating Terdentate Ligands (2006)

A family of bis-terdentate iridium(III) complexes is reported which contain a cyclometalated, N/\C[wedge]N-coordinating 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene derivative. This coordination mode is favored by blocking competitive cyclometalation at the C4 and C6 positions of the ligand. Thus, 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)-4,6-dimethylbenzene (dpyxH) reacts with IrCl3 x 3H2O to generate a dichlorobridged dimer [Ir(dpyx-N,C,N)Cl(mu-Cl)]2, 1. This dimer is cleaved by DMSO to give [Ir(dpyx)(DMSO)Cl2], the X-ray crystal structure of which is reported here, confirming the N/\C/\N coordination mode of dpyx. The dimer 1 can also be cleaved by a variety of other ligands to generate novel classes of mononuclear complexes. These include charge-neutral bis-terdentate complexes of the form [Ir(N/\C/\N)(C/\N/\C)] and [Ir(N/\C/\N)(C/\N/\O)], by reaction of 1 with C/\N/\C-coordinating ligands (e.g., 2,6-diphenylpyridine and derivatives) and C/\N/\O-coordinating ligands (based on 6-phenylpicolinate), respectively. Treatment of 1 with terpyridines leads to dicationic complexes of the type [Ir(N/\C/\N)(N/\N/\N)]2+, while 2-phenylpyridine gives [Ir(dpyx-N/\C/\N)(ppy-C,N)Cl]. All of the charge-neutral complexes are luminescent in fluid solution at room temperature. Assignment of the emission to charge-transfer excited states with significant MLCT character is supported by DFT calculations. In the [Ir(N/\C/\N)(C/\N/\C)] class, fluorination of the C/\N/\C ligand at the phenyl 2' and 4' positions leads to a blue-shift in the emission and to an increase in the quantum yield (lambda(max) = 547 nm, phi = 0.41 in degassed CH(3)CN at 295 K) compared to the nonfluorinated parent complex (lambda(max) = 585 nm, phi = 0.21), as well as to a stabilization of the compound with respect to photodissociation through cleavage of mutually trans Ir-C bonds. [Ir(dpyx-N/\C/\N)(ppy-C,N)Cl] is an exceptionally bright emitter: phi = 0.76, lambda(max) = 508 nm, in CH(3)CN at 295 K. In contrast, the [Ir(N/\C/\N)(C/\N/\O)] complexes are much less emissive, shown to be due to fast nonradiative decay of the excited state, probably involving reversible Ir-O bond cleavage. The [Ir(N/\C/\N)(N/\N/\N)]2+ complexes are very feeble emitters even at 77 K, probably due to the almost exclusively interligand charge-transfer nature of the lowest-energy excited state in these complexes.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at lattice-matched Co2FeAl/MgAl2O4(001) epitaxial interfaces (2017)

We report perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) induced at Co2FeAl/MgAl2O4(001) epitaxial interfaces prepared by magnetron sputtering and post-oxidation of MgAl layers. A PMA energy density of more than 4 Merg/cm3 for 1-nm-thick Co2FeAl layers and an effective interface PMA energy density of 1.6 erg/cm2 were achieved by controlling the interfacial oxidation states through fine-tuning of oxidation processes and annealing temperature. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed a lattice-matched Co2FeAl/MgAl2O4 interface, which may be responsible for the large PMA energy due to a reduction of the bulk anisotropy contribution.