gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A New Reaction of Aminoiminomethanesulfonic Acid with Methyl Anthranilates. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prevalence of Dementia in an Elderly illiterate Native Mexican Population of Indigenous Origin (2011)

This study aimed to clarify whether or not low level of education may function as a risk factor for dementia among native Mexicans. A door-to-door survey study in an elderly illiterate native Mexican subpopulation of indigenous origin was performed in order to detect prevalence of dementia using both DSM-IV criteria and the Brookdale test. The total village population surveyed included 2226 inhabitants, of which 65 subjects were over 65 years. Dementia, according to DSM IV criteria, was diagnosed in 8 patients above 65 years (9.4% of the target population), while, according to the Brookdale test, it was diagnosed in 5 patients above 65 years (5.9% of the target population). We found a higher prevalence of dementia according to DSM-IV in patients above 65 years (9.4%) in our study subpopulation, which may support the assumption that low education as well as age may contribute to a higher prevalence of dementia.

	 

	Key words: Dementia, Brookdale test, DSM-IV, illiteracy.
Multi-view Appearance-based 3D Hand Pose Estimation (2006)

We describe a novel approach to appearance-based hand pose estimation which relies on multiple cameras to improve accuracy and resolve ambiguities caused by selfocclusions. Rather than estimating 3D geometry as most previous multi-view imaging systems, our approach uses multiple views to extend current exemplar-based methods that estimate hand pose by matching a probe image with a large discrete set of labeled hand pose images. We formulate the problem in a MAP (maximum a posteriori) framework, where the information from multiple cameras is fused to provide reliable hand pose estimation. Our quantitative experimental results show that correct estimation rate is much higher using our multi-view approach than using a single-view approach.
Optical interface issues in VCSEL-based multimode fiber-optic interconnects (1998)

Recent efforts in parallel fiberoptic data link research and development have concentrated on making the transition from demonstration platforms to production modules.
Intake Oxygen Sensor for EGR Measurement (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Traditional EGR measurement systems using delta pressure over a fixed orifice such as a DPFE sensor (Delta Pressure Feedback for EGR), have limitations in the ability to measure EGR accurately. Also, the pressure drop that results from the orifice may not be acceptable in some applications. To measure the EGR accurately and without any pressure loss, a new measurement system was developed that uses an oxygen sensor in the intake air.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, the technology of using an oxygen sensor to measure the EGR concentration is discussed. The paper details the EGR measurement principle with an oxygen sensor and the associated mathematical relations of translating the oxygen measurement to EGR measurement. Factors affecting the EGR measurement such as the air/fuel ratio of the EGR, intake air pressure, and diffusion effects of the EGR constituents are discussed in detail. Compensation mechanisms are explained and associated results shown. A methodology to compensate for the part to part variability of the oxygen sensor is also discussed. Dyno and vehicle testing results with the compensations applied are shown and discussed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
In silico assessment of biomedical products: The conundrum of rare but not so rare events in two case studies (2017)

In silico clinical trials, defined as "The use of individualized computer simulation in the development or regulatory evaluation of a medicinal product, medical device, or medical intervention," have been proposed as a possible strategy to reduce the regulatory costs of innovation and the time to market for biomedical products. We review some of the the literature on this topic, focusing in particular on those applications where the current practice is recognized as inadequate, as for example, the detection of unexpected severe adverse events too rare to be detected in a clinical trial, but still likely enough to be of concern. We then describe with more details two case studies, two successful applications of in silico clinical trial approaches, one relative to the University of Virginia/Padova simulator that the Food and Drug Administration has accepted as possible replacement for animal testing in the preclinical assessment of artificial pancreas technologies, and the second, an investigation of the probability of cardiac lead fracture, where a Bayesian network was used to combine in vivo and in silico observations, suggesting a whole new strategy of in silico-augmented clinical trials, to be used to increase the numerosity where recruitment is impossible, or to explore patients' phenotypes that are unlikely to appear in the trial cohort, but are still frequent enough to be of concern.
Functional genomic screening reveals asparagine dependence as a metabolic vulnerability in sarcoma (2015)

Current therapies for sarcomas are often inadequate. This study sought to identify actionable gene targets by selective targeting of the molecular networks that support sarcoma cell proliferation. Silencing of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), an amidotransferase that converts aspartate into asparagine, produced the strongest inhibitory effect on sarcoma growth in a functional genomic screen of mouse sarcomas generated by oncogenic Kras and disruption of Cdkn2a. ASNS silencing in mouse and human sarcoma cell lines reduced the percentage of S phase cells and impeded new polypeptide synthesis. These effects of ASNS silencing were reversed by exogenous supplementation with asparagine. Also, asparagine depletion via the ASNS inhibitor amino sulfoximine 5 (AS5) or asparaginase inhibited mouse and human sarcoma growth in vitro, and genetic silencing of ASNS in mouse sarcoma cells combined with depletion of plasma asparagine inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Asparagine reliance of sarcoma cells may represent a metabolic vulnerability with potential anti-sarcoma therapeutic value.
Integration of a low stress photopatternable silicone into a wafer level package (2004)

This paper describes a novel wafer level package using a silicone under the bump (SUB) design. The SUB architecture is designed to access the elastomeric qualities of silicones to reduce stresses on solder joints in a chip scale package. Poor reliability of the solder joints frequently arises from stresses generated by the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion between the die and the printed circuit board (PCB). Integration of a low modulus silicone pad between the die and solder ball allows for additional deformation mechanisms to dissipate stress between the die and the PCB during thermal cycling, increasing device reliability. Key to the realization of a SUB device was the integration of an elastomeric pad using the recently commercialized Dow Corning/sup /spl reg// WL-5150 photodefinable spin-on silicone. SUB devices containing 40 /spl mu/m thick silicone pads were successfully built using a series of standard processing steps including photolithography, plasma cleaning, and metallization. Two different SUB solder joint designs, suggested by FEA, were constructed and evaluated under thermal cycling. Failure mechanisms in the devices were determined to be dependent on the metallization scheme for the electronic connections. Incorporation of the silicone pads in a SUB device resulted in a 90% increase in reliability relative to control devices without the silicone pad. The failure mechanisms observed suggested an intermediate metallization approach to further enhance reliability.
A New Approach to Heterofunctionalized Dendrimers:  A Versatile Triallyl Chloride Core (2002)

A reactive triallyl chloride moiety was prepared as a suitable core for aliphatic polyether dendrons. In addition to allowing access to fourth generation dendrimers, this core contains three alkene functionalities that can be modified after dendrimer formation and used for further dendritic growth.
MXene Yarn Supercapacitors: High‐Performance Biscrolled MXene/Carbon Nanotube Yarn Supercapacitors (Small 37/2018) (2018)

In article number 1802225, Joselito M. Razal and co-workers fabricate MXene-based yarn-shaped supercapacitors via biscrolling, which show ultrahigh MXene loading, excellent flexibility, and superior energy storage performance. The biscrolled MXene yarns with outstanding specific capacitance and energy density can potentially provide the energy solution for powering wearable electronics.
1176 Optimizing immunization schedules for therapeutic vaccination (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Most cancer vaccines will not generate high levels of T-cell immunity with only one immunization. Even vaccines against foreign antigens, such as COVID, may require three or four immunizations spaced some months apart to achieve protective levels of immunity in cancer patients. The use of cancer vaccines in the therapeutic setting, as single agents or as part of a combination regimen to treat established cancers, would require high levels of T-cells to be generated quickly. We evaluated immunization schedules with a 5-antigen, multi-epitope plasmid DNA vaccine, STEMVAC, targeting cancer stem cell associated proteins. The vaccine is immunogenic in patients with advanced breast cancer (NCT02157051) and the majority of patients can develop high levels of STEMVAC specific type I T-cells after 3 priming and 2 booster immunizations. Using a murine model, we questioned whether we could more rapidly achieve high levels of antigen specific Type I T-cells with STEMVAC immunization. <h3>Methods</h3> Six-week-old FVB mice were used for experiments. A dose of 300ug of STEMVAC plasmid with 5ug of rm-GM-CSF as an adjuvant was given in 4 immunizations using three different schedules; (1) every 3-4 days, (2) once a week, and (3) every 2 weeks (standard). Immunogenicity was evaluated two weeks after the last vaccine using IFN-gamma ELISPOT quantitating responses to each of the 5 antigens in the vaccine. Parameters studied included magnitude, incidence, and breadth of the T-cell response. Ten mice were included/group with empty plasmid and PBS as controls. <h3>Results</h3> All three immunization schedules could generate a significant IFN-gamma response to at least one of the antigens encoded in STEMVAC as compared to controls. Vaccines given every two weeks elicited the greatest magnitude immune response among the three schedules (vs. 3-4 days, p=0.001; vs. 1 week, p=0.01). Of note, although the total magnitude of immune response elicited was lower, the weekly immunization schedule resulted in a significantly greater number of mice responding to vaccination as well as a greater breadth of response with all mice responding to at least 2 antigens and 50% to 3-5 antigens. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Varying the time between immunizations can significantly impact the quality of the T-cell response to a mulit-antigen plasmid-based vaccine. Further studies are ongoing to correlate these differences to anti-tumor activity.
The Efficacy of Motor Evoked Potentials in Fixed Sagittal Imbalance Deformity Correction Surgery (2008)

The use of TcMEPs is sensitive and specific to change in neural function. No patients had a false negative test. The rate of neural deficits is consistent with previous literature, suggesting that TcMEP monitoring may not prevent neural injury. However, there were several cases in which intraoperative intervention resulted in recovery of TcMEPs, and none of these patients sustained any postoperative neural deficit. The severity of neural deficits in this series was minor and the duration was limited. TcMEPs may contribute to calling attention to the need for intraoperative corrections including widening decompressions, improving perfusion, and limiting deformity correction so that more severe neural compromise may be prevented.
Efficient design, accurate fabrication and effective characterization of plasmonic quasicrystalline arrays of nano-spherical particles (2016)

In this paper, the scattering properties of two-dimensional quasicrystalline plasmonic lattices are investigated. We combine a newly developed synthesis technique, which allows for accurate fabrication of spherical nanoparticles, with a recently published variation of generalized multiparticle Mie theory to develop the first quantitative model for plasmonic nano-spherical arrays based on quasicrystalline morphologies. In particular, we study the scattering properties of Penrose and Ammann- Beenker gold spherical nanoparticle array lattices. We demonstrate that by using quasicrystalline lattices, one can obtain multi-band or broadband plasmonic resonances which are not possible in periodic structures. Unlike previously published works, our technique provides quantitative results which show excellent agreement with experimental measurements.
Automated creation of mobile video remixes (2014)

This paper describes a user evaluation study of automated creation of mobile video remixes in three different event contexts. The evaluation contributes to the design process of the Automatic Video Remixing System, deepening knowledge to wider usage context. The study was completed with 30 users in three different contexts: a sports event, a music concert and a doctoral dissertation. It was discovered that users are motivated to provide their material to the service when knowing they get an automatically created remix containing many capturers' content in return. Automatic video remixing was stated to ease the task of editing videos and to improve the quality of amateur videos. The study reveals requirements for pleasurable remix creation in different event contexts and details the user experience factors related to the content capturing, sharing, and viewing of captured content and the remixes. The results provide insights into media creation in small event-based groups.
Sequential Acid and Alkaline Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Bioethanol Fermentation (2014)

Pretreatment is a prerequisite step for increasing the enzymatic digestibility of agricultural residues for conversion to fuels and chemicals in biorefineries. In this study, a sequential acid and alkaline process was developed for pretreatment of rice straw for ethanol fermentation. Effects of key parameters in acid pretreatment were studied using a full factorial design model, which showed the higher influence of time compared to acid concentration and temperature on reducing sugar yields. The combined sequential process involved an initial hemicellulose solubilization by dilute acid using 1% (w/v) H2SO4 at 125 C for 10 min, followed by alkaline delignification using 1.25% NaOH at 90 C for 10 min. Under these conditions, a glucose recovery yield of 70.9% from saccharification of the cellulose enriched fraction was obtained with 2-to 4-fold savings in chemical usage as compared with single-step processes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed modification of biomass micro-structure and increases in reactive surface area. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the solid residues by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using 25 FPU/g Accellerase 1500, led to a final ethanol concentration of 21.0 g/L with the productivity of 0.27 g/L/h, equivalent to 84.6% theoretical yield. The results indicate the potential of the sequential process for increasing pretreatment efficiency and allowing stepwise separation of lignocellulose components for multi-product biorefineries.
Analog-to-Stochastic Converter Using Magnetic Tunnel Junction Devices for Vision Chips (2015)

This paper introduces an analog-to-stochastic converter using a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device for vision chips based on stochastic computation. Stochastic computation has been recently exploited for area-efficient hardware implementation, such as low-density parity-check decoders and image processors. However, power-and-area hungry two-step (analog-to-digital and digital-to-stochastic) converters are required for the analog to stochastic signal conversion. To realize a one-step conversion, an MTJ device is used as it inherently exhibits a probabilistic switching behavior between two resistance states. Exploiting the device-based probabilistic behavior, analog signals can be directly and area efficiently converted to stochastic signals to mitigate the signal-conversion overhead. The analog-to-stochastic signal conversion is theoretically described and the conversion characteristic is evaluated using device and circuit parameters. In addition, the resistance variability of the MTJ device is considered in order to compensate the variability effect on the signal conversion. Based on the theoretical analysis, the analog-to-stochastic converter is designed in 90-nm CMOS and 100-nm MTJ technologies and is verified using a SPICE simulator (NS-SPICE) that handles both transistors and MTJ devices.
The effect of HCl on the α-Ga2O3 thin films fabricated by third generation mist chemical vapor deposition (2021)

α-Ga2O3 thin films were grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate by a third generation mist chemical vapor deposition system. The surface roughness was measured by atomic force microscopy, and the composition of Ga2O3 was measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that HCl affects the growth rate, purity, and surface roughness of α-Ga2O3 films. The growth rate increased with the HCl supply. The thickness, surface roughness, and chemical state analyses indicate that three growth modes occurred depending on the Ga supply rate and HCl/Ga supply ratio and the purity was improved by optimizing the HCl/Ga supply ratio and Ga supply rate.
Preamble to the 2015 SITC immunotherapy biomarkers taskforce (2015)

The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) has regularly hosted workshops and working groups focused on immunologic monitoring and immune biomarkers. Due to advances in cancer immunotherapy, including positive results from clinical trials testing new agents and combinations, emerging new technologies for measuring aspects of immunity, and novel candidate biomarkers from early phase trials, the SITC Immune Biomarkers Taskforce has reconvened to review the state of the art, identify current hurdles to further success and to make recommendations to the field. Topics being addressed by individual working groups include: (1) validation of candidate biomarkers, (2) identification of the most promising technologies, (3) testing of high throughput immune signatures and (4) investigation of the pre-treatment tumor microenvironment. Resultant recommendations will be published in JITC.
Probing the Structure of Operating Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts using XAS (2008)

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell has been designed to enable correlation of cathode catalytic activity with structural parameters determined by in situ XAS investigations in transmission mode. The cell design is described and validated for oxygen reduction activity measurement using both Pt and PtCo alloy catalysts. Findings from in situ XAS investigations at the Pt LIII edge are presented for a 60% Pt/C cathode catalyst operating at OCV, under load with oxygen feed, and during time resolved potential step experiments with oxygen and nitrogen feeds. In nitrogen XANES and EXAFS analysis show increasing oxide formation and particle disruption with increasing potential up to 1.0 V. In oxygen the catalyst structure remained unchanged irrespective of the applied potential and therefore load drawn from the cell. Differences in coordination number at the same applied potential in oxygen compared to nitrogen indicate that a particle morphology change occurs during the ORR.
Abstract 547: Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Rat Offspring Exposed to Gestational Diabetes Reveals Altered Cardiac Gene Expression and Metabolism (2019)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. Children exposed to GDM are at an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases later in life, though the mechanisms responsible are unknown. We hypothesize that fetal exposure to GDM induces alterations in cardiomyocyte metabolism and concomitant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with age. GDM was induced in female rats with a high fat (45% kcal) and sucrose diet prior to mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation. Lean control females received a low fat (10% kcal) diet. Fetal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (FRVC) were isolated from e20.5 offspring for U-13C glucose metabolic flux analysis and mitochondrial respiration. Serum metabolites and cardiac transcriptome profiles were measured in 3-month old offspring. LV morphology and function was assessed through the life course of the offspring (e18 to 12-months of age) by transthoracic ultrasound. Offspring exposed to GDM exhibited increased LV posterior wall thickness across their life course (fetal to 12-months of age; p&lt;0.05) and impaired LV filling beginning at 6-months of age (p&lt;0.05). U-13C glucose metabolic flux through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle was reduced in FRVC from GDM offspring when treated with isoproterenol, and compared to Lean FRVC. Basal and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced for glucose (35% and 68%) and fatty acid (49% and 52%) substrates in FRVC isolated from GDM offspring (p&lt;0.05). In 3-month old GDM offspring, serum metabolomics revealed elevated levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (2.4-fold, p&lt;0.05) and reduced levels of several citric acid cycle intermediates, which also corresponded to alterations in gene expression patterns identified by RNASeq transcript analysis. Large-scale profiling revealed GDM induced alterations in the cardiac gene expression profile leading to modified serum metabolite levels in the offspring. These alterations corresponded with mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cardiomyocyte metabolic flux and contractility, in concert with LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the rat offspring. Our findings identify several mechanisms that link early-life GDM exposure to the development of cardiovascular disease later in life.
Robust network trust establishment for collaborative applications and protocols (2007)

In networks without centralized control (e.g. ad-hoc or peer-to-peer networks) the users cannot always be assumed to follow the protocol that they are supposed to. They will cooperate in the operation of the network to the extent that they achieve their own personal objectives. The decision to cooperate depends on the trust relations that users develop for each other through repeated interactions. Users who have not interacted directly with each other can use direct trust relations, generated by others, in a transitive way as a type of recommendation. Network operation and trust generation can be affected by malicious users, who have different objectives, and against whom any proposed solution needs to be robust. 
We model the generation of trust relations using repeated games of incomplete information to capture the repetitive operation of the network, as well as the lack of information of each user about the others' objectives. We find equilibria that provide solutions for the legitimate users against which the malicious users cannot improve their gains. The transitive computation of trust is modeled using semiring operators. This algebraic model allows us to generalize various trust computation algorithms. More importantly, we find the maximum distortion that a malicious user can cause to the trust computation by changing the reported trust value of a trust relation.