gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rapid Weight Loss on Physiological Functions in Wrestlers (1981)

In brief: To assess the effects of rapid weight reduction, four university wrestlers decreased their body weight by 8% over a four-day period by food and liquid intake reductions. Significant decreases in muscle glycogen concentration and dynamic strength, but not aerobic or anaerobic capacity, accompanied weight loss. A three-hour rehydration period did not improve glycogen levels or strength performance. These results suggest that rapid weight reduction may impair wrestling performance.
Pneumatic Balloon Dilation for The Treatment Of Post-Fundoplication Symptoms: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Results (2021)

Aims Post-laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) dysphagia occurs in 5 %-17 % of patients and its optimal management remains questionable. We assessed the safety and efficacy of pneumatic dilation (PD) in patients with post-LF symptoms.
Clinical-scale laser-based scanning and processing of live cells: selective photothermal killing of fluorescent tumor targets for autologous stem cell transplantation (2001)

High-dose chemotherapy, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, is widely used for the treatment of cancer. However, contaminating tumor cells within HSC harvests continue to be of major concern since re-infused tumor cells have proven to contribute to disease relapse. Many tumor purging methods have been evaluated, but all leave detectable tumor cells in the transplant and result in significant loss of HSCs. These shortcomings cause engraftment delays and compromise the therapeutic value of purging. A novel approach integrating automated scanning cytometry, image analysis, and selective laser-induced killing of labeled cells within a cell mixture is described here. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cells were spiked into cell mixtures, and fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies were used to label tumor cells within the mixture. Cells were then allowed to settle on a surface, and as the surface was scanned with a fluorescence excitation source, a laser pulse was fired at every detected tumor cell using high-speed beam steering mirrors. Tumor cells were selectively killed with little effect on adjacent non-target cells, demonstrating the feasibility of this automated cell processing approach. This technology has many potential research and clinical applications, one example of which is tumor cell purging for autologous HSC transplantation.
Flow-control for multi-access systems (2003)

Future wireless communication systems will be characterised by an integration of different access technologies. Such systems will feature a user-friendly coordination of the complementary access technologies to access personalized services in a seamless manner via the currently most suitable access. Efficient resource management will provide cost effective bandwidth. These systems need a flow-control functionality to select always the best suitable access system for a certain traffic flow in different environments. This paper lists requirements and describes a flow control functionality that controls the forwarding of individual traffic flows over different access systems in a multi-access scenario. In addition, examples are presented and discussed as to how this advanced multimedia flow-control can be embedded both in a co-operative and in an integrated multi-access system architecture, providing thereby guidelines for standardization and future products.
Liver fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis B patients positive for hepatitis B e antigen: A prospective cohort study with paired transient elastography examination (2013)

Liver fibrosis progression is uncommon in HBeAg-positive patients. Patients in immune-reactive phase treated with antiviral therapy did not have increased risk of liver fibrosis progression.
The application of statistically designed experiments to resistance spot welding (1991)

State-of-the-art Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) equipment has the potential to permit realtime monitoring of operations through advances in computerized process control. In order to realize adaptive feedback capabilities, it is necessary to establish correlations among process variables, welder outputs, and weldment properties. The initial step toward achieving this goal must involve assessment of the effect of specific process inputs and the interactions among these variables on spot weld characteristics. This investigation evaluated these effects through the application of a statistically designed experiment to the RSW process. A half-factorial, Taguchi L sub 16 design was used to understand and refine a RSW schedule developed for welding dissimilar aluminum-lithium alloys of different thickness. The baseline schedule had been established previously by traditional trial and error methods based on engineering judgment and one-factor-at-a-time studies. A hierarchy of inputs with respect to each other was established, and the significance of these inputs with respect to experimental noise was determined. Useful insight was gained into the effect of interactions among process variables, particularly with respect to weldment defects. The effects of equipment related changes associated with disassembly and recalibration were also identified. In spite of an apparent decrease in equipment performance, a significant improvement in the maximum strength for defect-free welds compared to the baseline schedule was achieved.
The iTClamp Controls Junctional Bleeding in a Lethal Swine Exsanguination Model (2013)

The iTClamp showed statistically significant improvement in survival, survival time, and estimated blood loss when compared to no treatment. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of the iTClamp to control severe bleeding and prevent blood loss.
Cost-effectiveness of Intravitreal Ranibizumab With Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy Compared With Ranibizumab Monotherapy for Patients With Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> The EVEREST II trial showed that for patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), intravitreal ranibizumab in combination with verteporfin photodynamic therapy improves visual acuity relative to ranibizumab monotherapy. However, whether combination therapy is incrementally cost-effective relative to monotherapy during a lifetime is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of combination therapy compared with ranibizumab monotherapy in patients with PCV. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This model-based, economic evaluation used 2018 unit cost data from a tertiary eye hospital in Singapore, first- and second-year outcomes and resource use data from a multicenter trial across various Asian countries (EVEREST II) to model a hypothetical cohort of patients with symptomatic PCV. Scenario analyses and deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to examine uncertainty. Data were collected from October 2018 through April 2019 and analyzed from March through October 2019. <h3>Interventions</h3> This model used data from the EVEREST II trial, in which all participants were given 0.5 mg of intravitreal ranibizumab once every 4 weeks for the first 3 months. Subsequent administration occurred as needed. For participants receiving combination therapy, standard fluence (50 J/cm<sup>3</sup>) photodynamic therapy with 6-mg/m<sup>2</sup>verteporfin was administered once during the first 3 months and thereafter as needed. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for combination therapy relative to monotherapy for patients with PCV. <h3>Results</h3> In this model based on a cohort of 1000 patients aged 68 years, a patient with PCV incurred a total cost in Singapore dollars (SGD) of 92 327 (US $67 399) with combination therapy and SGD 92 371 (US $67 431) with monotherapy during a lifetime horizon, generating a modest cost savings of SGD 44 (US $32) per patient undergoing combination therapy. Lifetime QALYs were estimated to be 7.87 for combination therapy and 7.85 for monotherapy, for an incremental gain of 0.02 QALYs. Combination therapy remained cost-saving or cost-effective in all lifetime scenarios modeled, but during shorter time horizons and at lower monotherapy costs, it may not be cost-effective. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found combination therapy to be a dominant (more effective and less costly) strategy, being similar in costs and slightly more effective than ranibizumab monotherapy during a lifetime horizon. However, decreasing the time horizon to less than 10 years and/or reductions in the cost of monotherapy may result in combination therapy no longer being cost-effective.
Fluorometer Control and Readout Using an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense Board (2022)

We describe the control and interfacing of a fluorometer designed for aerial drone-based measurements of chlorophyll-<i>a</i> using an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense board. This 64 MHz controller board provided suitable resolution and speed for analog-to-digital (ADC) conversion, processed data, handled communications via the Robot Operating System (ROS) and included a variety of built-in sensors that were used to monitor the fluorometer for vibration, acoustic noise, water leaks and overheating. The fluorometer was integrated into a small Uncrewed Aircraft System (sUAS) for automated water sampling through a Raspberry Pi master computer using the ROS. The average power consumption was 1.1 W. A signal standard deviation of 334 µV was achieved for the fluorescence blank measurement, mainly determined by the input noise equivalent power of the transimpedance amplifier. An ADC precision of 130 µV for 10 Hz chopped measurements was achieved for signals in the input range 0-600 mV.
The binding of herbicidal halovinyl anilides to the photosystem II Q sub B site and the relationship between affinities and molecular characteristics (1990)

A new class of herbicidal halovinyl anilides, which inhibit photosynthetic electron transport, have been shown to inhibit {sup 14}C-atrazine binding in spinach thylakoid membranes. A scatchard analysis of the {sup 14}C-atrazine binding inhibition of the lead compound, LY221204, has shown it to be a competitive inhibitor. Preliminary QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) studies suggested that 75-80% of the variance in vivo activity could be explained by size and electronic properties and that activity increased with smaller and more electron releasing substituents. To analyze the effects of these properties on intrinsic activity, a larger QSAR study was undertaken. Atrazine binding inhibition data was generated for a group of substituted, non-conjugated vinyl anilides at 1 and 10 {mu}M concentrations and plotted as a function of physicochemical parameters. The results will be presented.
Further Evidence for the Existence of Two Forms of α2B‐Adrenoceptors in Rat (1993)

Analysis of saturation isotherms of the novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist radioligand [3H]-MK 912 revealed that the ligand labelled a homogenous population of alpha 2B-adrenoceptors in the neonatal rat lung with a Kd of 0.77 nM and a Bmax of 231 fmol/mg protein. In rat kidney, combined saturation and competition experiments, using [3H]-MK 912 and the alpha 2A-adrenoceptor selective drug guanfacine, revealed that approximately 81% of the sites labelled by [3H]-MK 912 were alpha 2B-adrenoceptors and approximately 19% alpha 2A-adrenoceptors; the Kds of [3H]-MK 912 being 1.1 and 2.0 nM and the Bmax 134 and 33 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The kidney alpha 2B-adrenoceptors were studied separately by using approximately 1.5 nM [3H]-MK 912 in the presence of 0.32 microM guanfacine, the latter which blocked ligand binding to alpha 2A-adrenoceptors completely. Analysis of drug competition curves obtained during these conditions revealed that 18 out of 20 different agonists and antagonists yielded steep and uniphasic competition curves which modelled best into one site fits. However, both guanoxabenz and LT 11 appeared to inhibit [3H]-MK 912 binding at two sites; the Kds of guanoxabenz differing approximately 120-fold and that of LT 11 differing approximately 35-fold for the two sites. Moreover, the addition of mutual fixed concentrations of either 20 microM guanoxabenz or 20 microM LT 11 completely prevented the binding of the other compound to its high affinity site, indicating that both compounds labelled the same site with the high affinity. The analysis indicated that 29% of the sites were of high and 71% of low affinity. However, in the neonatal rat lung guanoxabenz and LT 11 (as well as 15 other compounds) yielded competition curves which modelled only into one site fits. The Kds obtained in the lung correlated well with the Kds obtained in the kidney for alpha 2B-adrenoceptors; for guanoxabenz and LT 11 the values from the lung were close to those determined in the kidney for the low affinity site for guanoxabenz and LT 11. Moreover, when the rat RNG alpha 2B-adrenoceptor was expressed in COS-7 cells and its binding properties tested using [3H]-MK 912 binding, guanoxabenz, LT 11 as well as a number of other drugs inhibited the ligand binding at a single alpha 2-adrenoceptor site; the drug Kds being practically the same as those found for the neonatal rat lung. It is suggested that rat alpha 2B-adrenoceptors may exist in two forms: alpha 2B1 and alpha 2B2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Office of Biological and Environmental Research Molecular Science Challenges, Workshop Report, Germantown, Maryland, May 27-29, 2014 (2015)

In its Global Risks 2014 report, the World Economic Forum (WEF; WEF 2014) lists 10 current global risks of highest concern. Of these, four are science-related and all are central to the mission scope of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER): (1) water crises, (2) failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation, (3) greater incidence of extreme weather events, and (4) food crises tightly linked to the use of biomass for sustainable fuel production. The WEF report also notes the interdependencies between environmental and societal risks that make solutions to these stresses ever more important for global stability. These solutions will hinge on understanding the underlying processes of entire systems—from molecular to global scales—and will range from redesigning microbes and plants to understanding the roles of Earth’s biogeochemical systems in determining climate and contaminant transport and transformation. Clearly, however, the success of these endeavors critically depends on understanding the reliable coupling between molecular and mesoscale phenomena.
The influence of pipe organ reed curvature on tone quality (2012)

Although organ flue pipes have been widely studied, the same claim cannot be made for pipe organ reed stops. Given certain design constraints, such as the type of reed stop being voiced and the desired tone quality, the reed voicer must use consummate skill to curve the reed tongue so as to produce the best and most stable tone as well as to guarantee that each pipe blends with its neighbors. The amount and type of curve given to a reed tongue influences not only the harmonic structure of the steady-state sound but also the attack. There are two fundamentally different types of curvature that can be given to a reed tongue, the trompette (chorus reed) curve (which gives a bright sound) and the smooth-toned curve employed for clarinet pipes. This study investigated the effect of reed curvature on the vibration and tone (as assessed by professionals) on reed tongues of both types. Two F2 (8'F, 87.3 Hz) pipes (a trompette and a clarinet) were constructed and voiced with differently curved tongues to produce a variety of tones. The vibration of the reed tongue was measured under typical conditions by laser vibrometer; the pressure waves in the boot and in the shallot were measured by means of one-quarter inch microphones, and the pipe's sound was recorded at the egress. By performing various measurements simultaneously, phase differences were also determined, the extreme sensitivity of tone to reed curvature was demonstrated, and a recently proposed theory of reed vibration was shown to be more accurate than the standard model.
On Representation Theory in Computer Vision Problems (2002)

We introduce the following general question: Let V be a complex n-dimensional space and for m k consider the GL(V )-module V (n# m# k)=f v 1 \\Omega \\Delta\\Delta\\Delta \\Omega vm 2 V We would like to determine dim V (n# m# k) for any choice of n# m k.
Processing of metal-diamond-Composites using selective laser melting (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is a feasibility study that was performed to investigate the basic processability of a diamond-containing metal matrix. Powder-bed-based additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting (SLM) offer a huge degree of freedom, both in terms of part design and material options. In that respect, mixtures of different powders can offer new ways for the manufacture of materials with tailored properties for special applications such as metal-based cutting or grinding tools with incorporated hard phases. Design/methodology/approach – A two-step approach was used to first investigate the basic SLM-processability of a Cu-Sn-Ti-Zr alloy, which is usually used for the active brazing of ceramics and superhard materials. After the identification of a suitable processing window, the processing parameters were then applied to a mixture of this matrix material with 10-20 volume per cent artificial, Ni-coated mono-crystalline diamonds. Findings – Even though the processing...
Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques (2015)

HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4+ T cells. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are the type of HIV-1 antibodies that are most likely protective, they are not induced with current vaccine candidates. In contrast, antibodies that do not neutralize primary HIV-1 strains in the TZM-bl infection assay are readily induced by current vaccine candidates and have also been implicated as secondary correlates of decreased HIV-1 risk in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. Here, we have studied the capacity of anti-Env monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against either the immunodominant region of gp41 (7B2 IgG1), the first constant region of gp120 (A32 IgG1), or the third variable loop (V3) of gp120 (CH22 IgG1) to modulate in vivo rectal mucosal transmission of a high-dose simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-BaL) in rhesus macaques. 7B2 IgG1 or A32 IgG1, each containing mutations to enhance Fc function, was administered passively to rhesus macaques but afforded no protection against productive clinical infection while the positive control antibody CH22 IgG1 prevented infection in 4 of 6 animals. Enumeration of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses revealed that passive infusion of each of the three antibodies significantly reduced the number of T/F genomes. Thus, some antibodies that bind HIV-1 Env but fail to neutralize virus in traditional neutralization assays may limit the number of T/F viruses involved in transmission without leading to enhancement of viral infection. For one of these mAbs, gp41 mAb 7B2, we provide the first co-crystal structure in complex with a common cyclical loop motif demonstrated to be critical for infection by other retroviruses.
Dependence of trapping states on the hydrogen content of high-carbon ferrite-austenite dual-phase steel (2018)

States of hydrogen present in high carbon ferrite (α)-austenite (γ) dual phase steel were analyzed under various hydrogen charging conditions using thermal desorption analysis (TDA). Specimens including 0%γ and 10%γ in α were prepared. The 10%γ specimen consisted of bainitic ferrite and thermally stable retained austenite. When the 10%γ specimen were charged with hydrogen under high fugacity condition, the amount of hydrogen rapidly increased, the end temperature of hydrogen desorption in TDA profile increased, the hydrogen degassing time at 30 ° C increased, and the trap activation energy increased from about 30 kJ/mol to 47 kJ/mol. This 47 kJ/mol value is in excellent agree with the activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in γ phase. These results probably indicated that hydrogen is not absorbed in γ phase but α phase under lower fugacity conditions, i.e., lower amount of hydrogen. In contrast, hydrogen is absorbed in not only α phase but also γ phase under higher fugacity conditions, i.e., higher amount of hydrogen.
The Determination of Cis−Trans Conformations in Tetrahedral p-Phenylene Vinylene Oligomers (2004)

Time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ion-mobility studies were used to probe the conformations of a tetrahedral oligo p-phenylene vinylene sample. The radical cation and sodiated parent species as well as one fragmented ion were analyzed using ion mobility. Extensive molecular mechanics modeling was used to understand the effects that secondary structure has on the observed cross sections from ion-mobility experiments. The major features in the ion-mobility spectra appear to be due to arm−arm interactions caused by cis defects near the tetrahedral core of these oligomers.
Thermal Conductivity of UltemTM/Carbon Nanofiller Blends (2006)

In an effort to improve polymer thermal conductivity (TC), Ultem TM 1000 was compounded with nano-fillers of carbon allotropes. As-received and modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (CNF) and expanded graphite (EG) were investigated. Functionalization of MWCNTs was performed to improve the TC compatibility between the resin and MWCNTs. It was postulated that this may provide an improved interface between the MWCNT and the polymer which would result in enhanced TC. The nano-fillers were mixed with Ultem TM 1000 inthemeltandinsolution at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 wt.%. Ribbons were extruded from the blends to form samples where the nano-fillers were aligned to some degree in the extrusion direction. Samples were also fabricated by compression molding resulting in random orientation of the nano-fillers. Thermal properties of the samples were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Tensile properties of aligned samples were determined at room temperature. As expected, increased filler loading led to increased modulus and decreased elongation with respect to the neat polymer. The degree of dispersion and alignment of the nano-fillers was determined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). The HRSEM of the ribbons revealed that the MWCNTs and CNFs were predominantly aligned in the flow direction. The TC of the samples was measured using a NanoflashTM instrument. Since the MWCNTs and CNF are anisotropic, the TC was expected to be different in the longitudinal (parallel to the nanotube and fiber axis) and transverse (perpendicular to the nanotube and fiber axis) directions. The largest TC improvement was achieved for aligned samples when the measurement was performed in the direction of MWCNT and CNF alignment (i.e. longitudinal axis). Unaligned samples also showed a significant improvement in TC and may be potentially useful in applications when it is not possible to align the nano-filler. The results of this study will be presented.