gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning-based Fast Charging Control Strategy for Li-ion Batteries (2020)

One of the most crucial challenges faced by the Li-ion battery community concerns the search for the minimum time charging without damaging the cells. This can fall into solving large-scale nonlinear optimal control problems according to a battery model. Within this context, several model-based techniques have been proposed in the literature. However, the effectiveness of such strategies is significantly limited by model complexity and uncertainty. Additionally, it is difficult to track parameters related to aging and re-tune the model-based control policy. With the aim of overcoming these limitations, in this paper we propose a fast-charging strategy subject to safety constraints which relies on a model-free reinforcement learning framework. In particular, we focus on the policy gradient-based actor-critic algorithm, i.e., deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), in order to deal with continuous sets of actions and sets. The validity of the proposal is assessed in simulation when a reduced electrochemical model is considered as the real plant. Finally, the online adaptability of the proposed strategy in response to variations of the environment parameters is highlighted with consideration of state reduction.
Low expression of p27 and low proliferation index do not correlate in hairy cell leukaemia (2000)

The molecular basis accounting for the peculiar clinical and biological features of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is currently unknown. Deregulation of cell cycle genes plays a significant role in oncogenesis and there is considerable evidence suggesting that Cdk inhibitors (Ckis) function as tumour suppressors. We and others have recently demonstrated low expression of Cki p27 in very aggressive neoplasms and high-grade lymphomas. To investigate whether HCL cases express normal p27 protein, as in other low-grade lymphomas with a low proliferation index, 58 cases of HCL were characterized using a sensitive biotin-streptavidin-immunoperoxidase technique and specific antibodies against p27. All HCL cases showed either no or very weak reactivity, in contrast to other types of low-grade B-cell lymphoma [22 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 12 cases of gastric marginal B-cell lymphoma (MALT), 16 cases of follicular lymphomas and two cases of splenic marginal zone lymphomas]. To investigate the possible mechanism(s) accounting for the low p27 expression observed in hairy cells, multiple approaches were used. According to these molecular studies, low levels of p2 7 are not as a result of (1) increased ubiquitin-mediated degradation, (2) decreased levels of p27 transcription or (3) p27 somatic mutations and/or allelic loss. These findings suggest that low p27 protein expression in HCL may be achieved through post-transcriptional regulation. Finally, our data demonstrate that p27 expression in HCL does not correlate with either cell cycle progression or proliferation index, suggesting that low levels of p27 in hairy cells may be associated with their unique stage of B-cell differentiation and/or the activation of as yet unknown pathways.
Cards of Virulence and the Global Virulome for Humans (2006)

Pathogenic microbes can be put into two general categories: those acquired from the environment and those acquired from other humans and animals. Microbes that are acquired from the environment typically can survive in environmental niches and also in their hosts. In contrast, microbes acquired from other human and animal hosts usually have complex relationships with the originating host, and may utterly depend on their hosts to replicate and survive. Furthermore, diseases caused by environmentally acquired microbes may not be communicable, whereas those caused by host-derived microbes may depend on host-to-host spread for survival of the microbe.
Influence of inorganic stabilizers on releasing volatile (As and Hg) metal ions from complex matrices of natural medicinal products in spectroscopic elemental analysis (2016)

Arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) are hazardous elements that occurs at trace amounts in various samples including natural medicinal products (NMPs). The consumption of the contaminated products leads to adverse health consequences. Regular monitoring of such contaminants in NMPs is essential. Atomic absorption spectroscopy has been widely used for determination of As and Hg at trace levels in various matrices. Spectroscopic analysis imposed sample digestion prior to instrumental analysis. This preliminary step has considerable impact on the quality of the analytical result especially for complex matrices like plants and herbs. Wet/acid digestion methods with suitable heating system are regularly used for this purpose. Microwave heating program is widely applied for digestion process of various matrices for the benefits of shorting the digesting time and minimizing the sample contamination. However, volatile analytes like As and Hg are susceptible to volatilization during the heating process. This study aims to evaluate the effect of NH4H2PO4, Pd (NO3)2, and Mg (NO3)2 addition prior to sample digestion on the recovery values of As and Hg in NMPs matrices by comparing the level accuracy of four digestion methods. The methods were M1, M2, M3 and M4 that represent microwave digestion without stabilizers addition, microwave digestion with addition of NH4H2PO4, microwave digestion with addition Pd (NO3)2, and Mg (NO3)2 and microwave digestion with addition Pd (NO3)2 respectively. The comparison was performed using three different real NMPs of herbal bases samples namely S1, S2 and S3 spiked with known concentration of a As and Hg standard solution prior to microwave acid digestion. Arsenic and mercury were detected with graphite furnace (GFAAS). Average recoveries of As for M1, M2, M3 and M4 were (86.87-89.17, 90.15-92.25, 97.9-100.7 and 103.7-108) respectively. Average recoveries of Hg for M1, M2, M3 and M4 were (87.4-89.3, 88.3-92.4, 95.0-95 107.6-104.7) respectively. The data was statically evaluated by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test for multiple comparison using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Significant high recoveries (p<0.05) for M3 and M4 were observed compared to M1. In spite of the higher recoveries obtained from M2 compared to M1 no significant effect was observed between M1and M2. The addition of Pd (NO3)2, Mg (NO3)2 and Pd (NO3)2 during the digestion processes had significant effect on the recovery values of volatile elements thus, M3 and M4 are recommended procedures for the digestion of NMPs matrices for the determination of As and Hg.
Data Loss Prevention Technologies (2010)

Although data loss has become an important problem that needs to be solved in many types of organizations, possible routes of data loss have become complicated and numerous, making countermeasures difficult to develop. Fujitsu Laboratories is developing data loss prevention technologies that integrate know-how related to mobile devices, data searching technologies, and security technologies like encryption that have been under development at Fujitsu for some time. These data loss prevention technologies are undergoing verification and testing within the company with an eye towards commercialization. This paper introduces three technologies that will enable information to be used in an expanded workplace with guaranteed safety, without placing a burden on the user. The expanded workplace will extend beyond the borders of a company to include offline work at a customer's office and at other organizations including collaborating companies. The paper begins by introducing a solution for moving data safely outside the company using a novel universal serial bus (USB) memory device. Next, it presents an E-mail filter for preventing the erroneous sending of E-mail containing sensitive information. Finally, it describes document management technology for protecting a document across its entire lifecycle including editing. It also touches upon data loss prevention technologies in the coming era of software as a service (SaaS) and Cloud computing.
Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization of Aminoallenes Catalyzed by Organolanthanide Complexes. Scope and Mechanistic Aspects (1999)

Organolanthanide complexes of the general type Cp'2LnCH(TMS)2 (Cp' = η5-Me5C5; Ln = La, Sm, Y, Lu; TMS = SiMe3) serve as effective precatalysts for the rapid, regioselective, and highly diastereoselective intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization (IHC) of aminoallenes having the general formula RCHCCH(CH2)nCHR'NH2 to yield the corresponding heterocycles (R = CH3, n-C3H7, n-C5H11; R' = H, CH3, n-C4H9, CH2CHCH2CH2; n = 2, 3). The mono- and disubstituted pyrrolidines and piperidines produced bear an α-alkenyl functionality available for further synthetic manipulation. Kinetic and mechanistic data parallel organolanthanide-mediated intramolecular aminoalkene and aminoalkyne hydroamination/cyclization, implying turnover-limiting allene insertion into the Ln−N bond followed by rapid protonolysis of the resulting Ln−C bond. The reaction rate is zero-order in [aminoallene] and first-order in [catalyst] over 3 or more half-lives. Hydroamination/cyclization of monosubstituted aminoallenes (R = H; R' = H, CH3; n = 1, 2) is less regioselective, with tetrahydropyridines being the predominant products.
Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Case Series: Choosing the Correct Number of Fibers Depending on Lesion Size (2020)

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is being used for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Lesions can be treated using 1 or multiple LITT fibers depending on the preference of surgeons. Usually, more fibers are needed for coverage of larger tumors. To investigate and analyze how tumor size affected the number of LITT fibers used. This is a retrospective review of patients undergoing treatment of recurrent GBM. Patients were treated with up to 4 LITT fibers for adequate tumor coverage. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, length of stay, complications, and biopsy results were recorded. A total of 43 cases were treated using LITT, and of these cases, 31 consisted of contiguous lesions. We used more fibers to treat larger tumor volumes. On average, for each 5 cc of tumor volume, a fiber was added for proper coverage (P = .554). Complications and length of stay were similar across the groups (P = .378, P = .941). LITT can be used for the treatment of recurrent GBM. For each 5 cc of tumor volume, a LITT fiber can be added to the treatment plan.
Lika eller olika - tre perspektiv på konceptualisering och psykoterapi (2007)

Studien fokuserar pa psykologstudenters differenser i problemfokusering i en fiktiv, perspektivneutral fallbeskrivning utifran psykodynamiskt, kognitivt-beteendeterapeutiskt och integrativt perspek ...
The recombinant LIC10508 is a plasma fibronectin, plasminogen, fibrinogen and C4BP- binding protein ofLeptospira interrogans (2015)

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. In this study, we report that the recombinant proteins LIC10507, LIC10508 and LIC10509 are recognized by confirmed leptospirosis serum samples at both phases of the disease. The recombinant rLIC10508 and rLIC10507 are plasminogen (PLG)-binding proteins, capable of generating plasmin in the presence of a PLG activator. The proteins bind to PLG in a dose-dependent and saturable manner, fulfilling host-ligand interaction. Furthermore, rLIC10508 interacts with fibrinogen (Fg), plasma fibronectin and C4b binding protein (C4BP). The binding of rLIC10508 to Fg decreases the fibrin clotting in a thrombin-catalyzed reaction. The incubation with 4 M of protein promoted 40% inhibition upon clotting formation. C4BP bound to rLIC10508 retained its cofactor activity for factor I promoting the cleavage of C4b protein, which may reduce the membrane attack complex formation. Although these proteins have high amino acid sequence similarity, rLIC10508 is the most talented of the three, a behavior that might be explained by its unique putative 3D structure, whereas structures of rLIC10507 and rLIC10509 are very similar. Plasmin generation (rLIC10507 and rLIC10508), together with decreasing fibrin clot formation (rLIC10508) and impairment of the complement system (rLIC10508) may help the bacteria to overcome host defense, facilitating the infection process.
An Eco-Friendly Paradigm for the Synthesis of α-Hydroxyphosphonates Using Sodium-Modified Fluorapatite under Solventless Conditions (2013)

A versatile and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of various organophosphorus compounds have been developed using a heterogeneous catalysis technology. We have synthesized a series of the α-hydroxyphosphonates, a biologically important class of compounds, via the Pudovik reaction between dialkylphosphite and aldehydes or ketones using sodium-modified fluorapatite (Na@FAP) as a highly efficient basic solid catalyst under solventless conditions at room temperature. Catalyst reuse, ease of separation of the pure product, and high yields are some of the unique features of this process.
A Compact First-Order Modulator for Analog High-Volume Testing of Complex System-on-Chips in a 14 nm Tri-Gate Digital CMOS Process (2016)

On complex system-on-chips (SOCs), a compact on-die analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is required in high-volume testing, in order to reduce the test time and improve the test coverage of on-die analog intellectual properties (IPs). This paper presents a compact first-order ΣΔ modulator for on-die voltage measurements in such applications. The primary design focus is to achieve a highly compact area so that many instances can be integrated to cover the testing of multiple analog IPs on a single chip die. The proposed modulator deploys an inverter-based architecture which enables the aggressive area reduction. There are two new additional enhancements: 1) hardware dithering to minimize the limit-cycling effect and 2) time-multiplexed pseudodifferential operation for common mode rejection. The modulator exhibits a figure of merit (FOM) of 554.7 fJ/conv-step, in spite of the compact area of only 0.00023 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEIC ACID RELATED COMPOUNDS. 21. DIRECT FLUORINATION OF URACIL AND CYTOSINE BASES AND NUCLEOSIDES USING TRIFLUOROMETHYL HYPOFLUORITE. MECHANISM, STEREOCHEMISTRY, AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS (1977)

Abstract Durch Behandlung der Uracile (I) mit dem Reagenz (II) in Methanol werden die (racemischen) cis‐Addukte (III) gebildet, aus denen durch basische Eliminierungsreaktion die Fluorderivate (IV) erhalten werden.
Understanding customer behavior using indoor location analysis and visualization (2014)

Understanding customer behavior in brick-and-mortar stores and other physical indoor venues is essential for any business aiming to provide a more personal and compelling shopping experience, optimize store layout, and improve store operations. Achieving these goals ultimately leads to improved user experience, conversion rates, and increased revenue. Today's mobile-based location technologies provide information about the user's location that can be used in advanced analytics and visualizations. This means retailers and enterprises can gain insight into customer behavior patterns and understand, for example, how much time customers spend in different areas of the store, what routes they take, how well they are serviced, and more. In this paper, we present a solution approach for better understanding customer behavior based on mobile indoor location data as well as the technologies developed by IBM Research for realizing this solution. We describe significant challenges considering collection, curation, analysis, and visualization of indoor location-based data and illustrate the use of the approach for smarter commerce in a real-world use case.
Nitroxyl (HNO) targets phospholamban cysteines 41 and 46 to enhance cardiac function (2019)

Nitroxyl (HNO) positively modulates myocardial function by accelerating Ca<sup>2+</sup> reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). HNO-induced enhancement of myocardial Ca<sup>2+</sup> cycling and function is due to the modification of cysteines in the transmembrane domain of phospholamban (PLN), which results in activation of SR Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase (SERCA2a) by functionally uncoupling PLN from SERCA2a. However, which cysteines are modified by HNO, and whether HNO induces reversible disulfides or single cysteine sulfinamides (RS(O)NH<sub>2</sub>) that are less easily reversed by reductants, remain to be determined. Using an <sup>15</sup>N-edited NMR method for sulfinamide detection, we first demonstrate that Cys46 and Cys41 are the main targets of HNO reactivity with PLN. Supporting this conclusion, mutation of PLN cysteines 46 and 41 to alanine reduces the HNO-induced enhancement of SERCA2a activity. Treatment of WT-PLN with HNO leads to sulfinamide formation when the HNO donor is in excess, whereas disulfide formation is expected to dominate when the HNO/thiol stoichiometry approaches a 1:1 ratio that is more similar to that anticipated in vivo under normal, physiological conditions. Thus, <sup>15</sup>N-edited NMR spectroscopy detects redox changes on thiols that are unique to HNO, greatly advancing the ability to detect HNO footprints in biological systems, while further differentiating HNO-induced post-translational modifications from those imparted by other reactive nitrogen or oxygen species. The present study confirms the potential of HNO as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system.
Influence of DISH, Ankylosis, Spondylosis and Osteophytes on Serious-to-Fatal Spinal Fractures and Cord Injury in Rear Impacts (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Seats have become stronger over the past two decades and remain more upright in rear impacts. While head restraints are higher and more forward providing support for the head and neck, serious-to-fatal injuries to the thoracic and cervical spine have been seen in occupants with spinal disorders, such as DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis), ankylosis, spondylosis and/or osteophytes that ossify the joints in the spine. This case study addresses the influence of spinal disorders on fracture-dislocation and spinal cord injury in rear impacts with relatively upright seats. Nineteen field accidents were investigated where serious-to-fatal injuries of the thoracic and cervical spine occurred with the seat remaining upright or slightly reclined. The occupants were lap-shoulder belted, some with belt pretensioning and cinching latch plate. The occupants were older and had pre-existing disorders of the spine, including DISH, ankylosis, spondylosis and/or osteophytes that ossify the spinal joints. The crashes were summarized and the mechanism for injury was analyzed. The 19 cases involved fracture-dislocation and spinal cord injury at areas of the spine where DISH, ankylosis, spondylosis and/or osteophytes ossified the intervertebral soft tissues causing stiff and brittle joints that were vulnerable to fracture-dislocation by straightening of the spine. Published sled tests at 40 km/h (25 mph) with the 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Hybrid III showed that peak chest acceleration was 13.5 ± 2.4 g (n=7) and head acceleration was 26.0 ± 12.0 g (n=8). Sled testing at 16 km/h (10 mph) with the BioRID IIg involved T1 x-accelerations of 12.6 ± 2.4 g (n=12) and head x-accelerations of 10.1 ± 0.2 g (n=12). These levels of acceleration are sufficient to fracture the calcified spine of the older occupants without ramping or moving off the support from the seatback and head restraint. A new injury mechanism for spinal fracture-dislocation is described in older occupants with spinal disorders. The occupant remains supported by the relatively upright seatback and high and forward head restraint. The accelerations that bring the occupant up to the delta V are sufficient to fracture-dislocate the calcified spine that tries to straighten in the crash.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Thermoacoustic Modeling of a Gas Turbine Combustor Equipped With Acoustic Dampers (2004)

In this work, the TA3 thermoacoustic network is presented and used to simulate acoustic pulsations occurring in a heavy-duty ALSTOM gas turbine. In our approach, the combustion system is represented as a network of acoustic elements corresponding to hood, burners, flames and combustor. The multi-burner arrangement is modeled by describing hood and combustor as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) acoustic elements. The MIMO transfer function (linking acoustic pressures and acoustic velocities at burner locations) is obtained by a three-dimensional modal analysis performed with a Finite Element Method. Burner and flame analytical models are fitted to transfer function measurements. In particular, the flame transfer function model is based on the time-lag concept, where the phase shift between heat release and acoustic pressure depends on the time necessary for the mixture fraction (formed at the injector location) to be convected to the flame. By using a state-space approach, the time domain solution of the acoustic field is obtained. The nonlinearity limiting the pulsation amplitude growth is provided by a fuel saturation term. Furthermore, Helmholtz dampers applied to the gas turbine combustor are acoustically modeled and included in the TA3 model. Finally, the predicted noise reduction is compared to that achieved in the engine.
2-input 4-output Programmable Spin Wave Logic Gate (2020)

To bring Spin Wave (SW) based computing paradigm into practice and develop ultra low power Magnonic circuits and computation platforms, one needs basic logic gates that operate and can be cascaded within the SW domain without requiring back and forth conversion between the SW and voltage domains. To achieve this, SW gates have to possess intrinsic fanout capabilities, be input-output data representation coherent, and reconfigurable. In this paper, we address the first and the last requirements and propose a novel 4-output programmable SW logic. First, we introduce the gate structure and demonstrate that, by adjusting the gate output detection method, it can parallelly evaluate any 4-element subset of the 2-input Boolean function set AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. Furthermore, we adjust the structure such that all its 4 outputs produce SWs with the same energy and demonstrate that it can evaluate Boolean function sets while providing fanout capabilities ranging from 1 to 4. We validate our approach by instantiating and simulating different gate configurations such as 4-output AND/OR, 4-output XOR/XNOR, output energy balanced 4-output AND/OR, and output energy balanced 4-output XOR/XNOR by means of Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulations. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposal in terms of delay and energy consumption and compare it against existing state-of-the-art SW and 16nm CMOS counterparts. The results indicate that for the same functionality, our approach provides 3x and 16x energy reduction, when compared with conventional SW and 16nm CMOS implementations, respectively.