gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of canonical Wnt ligands to their receptor complexes occurs in ordered plasma membrane environments (2017)

While the cytosolic events of Wnt/β-catenin signaling (canonical Wnt signaling) pathway have been widely studied, only little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in Wnt binding to its receptors at the plasma membrane. Here, we reveal the influence of the immediate plasma membrane environment on the canonical Wnt-receptor interaction. While the receptors are distributed both in ordered and disordered environments, Wnt binding to its receptors selectively occurs in more ordered membrane environments which appear to cointernalize with the Wnt-receptor complex. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is significantly reduced when the membrane order is disturbed by specific inhibitors of certain lipids that prefer to localize at the ordered environments. Similarly, a reduction in Wnt signaling activity is observed in Niemann-Pick Type C disease cells where trafficking of ordered membrane lipid components to the plasma membrane is genetically impaired. We thus conclude that ordered plasma membrane environments are essential for binding of canonical Wnts to their receptor complexes and downstream signaling activity.
Submicrometer-width TiO2 waveguides (2012)

We fabricate submicrometer-width TiO2 strip waveguides and measure optical losses at 633, 780, and 1550 nm. Losses of 30, 13, and 4 dB/cm (respectively) demonstrate that TiO2 is suitable for visible-to-infrared on-chip microphotonic devices.
Anchored speech recognition for question answering (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel question answering system that searches for responses from spoken documents such as broadcast news stories and conversations. We propose a novel two-step approach, which we refer to as anchored speech recognition, to improve the speech recognition of the sentence that supports the answer. In the first step, the sentence that is highly likely to contain the answer is retrieved among the spoken data that has been transcribed using a generic automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. This candidate sentence is then re-recognized in the second step by constraining the ASR search space using the lexical information in the question. Our analysis showed that ASR errors caused a 35% degradation in the performance of the question answering system. Experiments with the proposed anchored recognition approach indicated a significant improvement in the performance of the question answering module, recovering 30% of the answers erroneous due to ASR.
A highly integrated Si/SiGe BiCMOS upconverter RFIC For 3G WCDMA handset applications (2002)

This paper presents the experimental results of a highly integrated transmitter IC for WCDMA mobile terminal applications based on a variable IF heterodyne architecture. The frequency plan eliminates the need for external filters and multiple synthesizers, and is implemented in IBM's 47 GHz SiGe BiCMOS technology. The transmitter IC consumes approximately 100mA with a 2.85V power supply and features an OIP3 of +26.0 dBm, 115 dB dynamic range and 2.5% EVM.
Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction of Naphthyl and Quinolyl Alcohols with Boronic Acids (2019)

A nickel-catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-C(sp<sup>2</sup>) Suzuki cross-coupling of arylboronic acids and (hetero)naphthyl alcohols has been developed. A Ni(dppp)Cl<sub>2</sub> complex showed the highest efficiency and broadest substrate scope. High functional group tolerance has been achieved where 35 compounds could be generated in good to excellent yields, including both primary and secondary benzylic alcohols. Mechanistic studies using multiple NMR techniques as well as ESI-HRMS showed that the C-O cleavage is facilitated by an activation of the benzylic alcohol through formation of a boronic ester intermediate.
Effect of a Single Dose of β,β′‐Iminodipropionitrile In Vivo on the Properties of Neurofilaments In Vitro: Comparison with the Effect of Iminodipropionitrile Added Directly to Neurofilaments In Vitro (1989)

The biochemical properties of neurofilaments isolated from control and iminodipropionitrile-treated rats were compared with regard to autophosphorylation capacity, hydrolysis of ATP, and the formation of a viscous gel between filaments. Both preparations exhibited a similar polypeptide composition, and no covalent cross-linking between neurofilament subunits was induced by iminodipropionitrile in vivo. An ATPase activity, systematically present in all preparations, was unaffected by the administration of iminodipropionitrile to the rats. Conversely, the autophosphorylation of neurofilament subunits in vitro was significantly higher in preparations from iminodipropionitrile-treated rats than from control animals, with a marked increase of the phosphorylation of a high molecular weight neurofilament-associated protein. Iminodipropionitrile provoked a higher gelation capacity of neurofilaments as measured in vitro, with a lower critical concentration for the preparation from treated animals. A similar increased interaction was obtained with millimolar concentrations of iminodipropionitrile added to bovine neurofilaments in vitro, involving likely neurofilament-associated molecules, because the effect of the drug was lost after their extraction by 0.8 M KCl. These results support the hypothesis that iminodipropionitrile interferes with the neurofilament networks through a preferential interaction with the neurofilament-associated proteins, resulting in a change in their properties and consequently in an increased capacity of interaction between the polymers.
Developing an IT infrastructure for the National Radiation Oncology Registry. (2012)

300 Background: The National Radiation Oncology Registry (NROR) is developing an IT infrastructure to support the efficient collection, aggregation, and analysis of data concerning cancer patients treated with radiotherapy across the United States. Methods: Detailed requirements were developed to emphasize the following distinguishing goals for the system: 1) streamline the process of data collection by minimizing manual data entry; 2) support the collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and their linkage with clinician-observed outcomes; 3) facilitate data integration within the NROR and between the NROR and other registries; 4) allow for evolution of the system in response to new learning; and 5) promote sustainability and ongoing improvement through an open standard of interoperability. Results: An innovative technical architecture has been designed to meet the goals described. The system maximizes efficiency through automated extraction and electronic transfer of data from radiation oncology information systems. PROs are collected directly from patients via a web-based portal and linked to data submitted from participating institutions. A data dictionary has been developed based on national standards and controlled vocabularies to facilitate data integration. Contemporary forms-based database technology is used in combination with traditional relational technology to permit both flexible evolution of the system and efficient data analysis. A unique “gateway” architecture and open transmission standard makes it possible for commercial products to interoperate with the registry in the future. Conclusions: The NROR prototype system will be launched later this year to collect data for a pilot registry of prostate cancer patients. Its performance and usability will be important factors in the success of the pilot. If effective, the platform will support the expansion of the NROR to benefit patients, clinicians, researchers, payors, device manufacturers, and policy-makers by capturing reliable, population-based information on radiation treatment delivery and health outcomes.
Neuro-protective effect of rutin against Cisplatin-induced neurotoxic rat model (2017)

This study showed that Rutin has neuroprotective effect and reduces cisplatin- neurotoxicity with possible mechanism via the antioxidant pathway.
Organic matrix modifiers for direct graphite furnace atomic absorption determination of cadmium in sea water (1980)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Dictyostatin Flexibility Bridges Conformations in Solution and in the β-Tubulin Taxane Binding Site (2011)

Dictyostatin (DCT, 1) is a complex, flexible polyketide macrolide that demonstrates potent microtubule-polymerization activity. Both a solution structure (2a) and a possible binding mode for DCT (Conf-1) have been proposed by earlier NMR experiments. In the present study, the conformational landscape of DCT in DMSO-d(6) and methanol-d(4) was explored using extensive force-field-based conformational searches combined with geometric parameters derived from solution NMR data. The results portray a diversity of conformations for dictyostatin that illustrates the molecule's flexibility and excludes the previously suggested dominant solution conformation 2a. One conformation present in DMSO-d(6) with a 7% population (Conf-2, 0.6 kcal/mol above the global minimum at 298°) also satisfies the TR-NOESY NMR parameters of Canales et al. that characterize the taxane binding-site interaction between DCT and assembled microtubules in water. Application of several docking methods (Glide, Autodock, and RosettaLigand) has identified a low-energy binding model of the DCT/β-tubulin complex (Pose-2/Conf-2) that is gratifyingly compatible with the emerging DCT structure-activity data.
Immersed AC electrospray (iACE) for monodispersed aqueous droplet generation (2018)

We report a new immersed alternating current (AC) electrospray droplet generation method that can generate monodispersed water-in-oil droplets, with diameters ranging from 5 <i>μ</i>m to 150 <i>μ</i>m, in a stationary oil phase. This method offers high through-put, easy size tuning, and droplets with a viscous aqueous phase at high ionic strengths (raw physiological samples). Yet, it does not require coordinated flows of the dispersed/continuous phases or even a microfluidic chip. The design relies on a small constant back pressure (less than 0.1 atm) to drive the water phase through a nozzle (glass micropipette) and a non-isotropic AC electric Maxwell pressure to eject it into the oil phase. Undesirable field-induced discharge and nanojet formation at the tip are suppressed with a biocompatible polymer, polyethylene oxide. Its viscoelastic property favors the monodispersed dripping mechanism, with a distinct neck forming at the capillary tip before pinch-off, such that the tip dimension is the only controlling length scale. Consecutive droplets are connected by a whipping filament that disperses the drops away from the high-field nozzle to prevent electro-coalescence. A scaling theory is developed to correlate the droplet size with the applied pressure, the most important tuning parameter, and to determine the optimum frequency. The potential applications of this technology to biological systems are demonstrated with a digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification experiment, with little damage to the nucleic acids and other biomolecules, but with easy adaptive tuning for the optimum droplet number for accurate quantification.
Selenium(IV) Oxide (2017)

[7446-08-4] O2Se (MW 110.96) InChI = 1S/O2Se/c1-3-2 InChIKey = JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (oxidant of activated, saturated positions) Alternate Name: selenium dioxide. Physical Data: mp 315 °C (subl); d 3.95 g cm−3. Solubility: sol water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetic acid. Form Supplied in: off-white powder;1 widely available. Purification: by sublimation, or by treatment with HNO3.28 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: toxic; corrosive; causes intense local irritation of skin and eyes; use in a fume hood.
Risk Scores to Facilitate Preoperative Prediction of Transfusion and Large Volume Blood Transfusion Associated With Adult Cardiac Surgery (2016)

Surv Anesthesiol 2016;60(2):45–46 In cardiac surgery patients, risks of severe bleeding or developing coagulopathy are high and may require large-volume transfusions. Poor preoperative assessment of risk of bleeding and transfusion may account for variability in the use of therapeutic treatment adjuncts that reduce bleeding and transfusion rates.
Direct measurement of core-level relaxation dynamics on a surface-adsorbate system using ultrafast x-rays (2008)

We present the first direct measurement of inner shell relaxation dynamics on complex systems, in this case an adsorbate on a surface. We measured a lifetime of 7 fs for N-shell vacancies of Xe on Pt(111).
Multiple Sclerosis: Fas Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Cell Death (1996)

Fas is a cell surface receptor that transduces cell death signals when cross-linked by agonist antibodies or by fas ligand. In this study, we examined the potential of fas to contribute to oligodendrocyte (OL) injury and demyelination as they occur in the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Immunohistochemical study of central nervous system (CNS) tissue from MS subjects demonstrated elevated fas expression on OLs in chronic active and chronic silent MS lesions compared with OLs in control tissue from subjects with or without other neurologic diseases. In such lesions, microglia and infiltrating lymphocytes displayed intense immunoreactivity to fas ligand. In dissociated glial cell cultures prepared from human adult CNS tissue, fas expression was restricted to OLs. Fas ligation with the anti-fas monoclonal antibody M3 or with the fas-ligand induced rapid OL cell membrane lysis, assessed by LDH release and trypan blue uptake and subsequent cell death. In contrast to the activity of fas in other cellular systems, dying OLs did not exhibit evidence of apoptosis, assessed morphologically and by terminal transferase-mediated d-uridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end-labeling staining for DNA fragmentation. Other stimuli such as C2-ceramide were capable of inducing rapid apoptosis in OLs. Antibodies directed at other surface molecules expressed on OLs or the M33 non-activating anti-fas monoclonal antibody did not induce cytolysis of OLs. Our results suggest that fas-mediated signaling might contribute in a novel cytolytic manner to immune-mediated OL injury in MS.
Electronic Conduction in Molecular Nanostructures (1998)

Abstract : A nanostructured material consisting of a superlattice of metallic dots separated by uniform tunnel barriers is expected to exhibit interesting electronic properties. One route to the synthesis of such a material is to self-assemble it from nanometer size, crystalline, metal clusters interconnected by rigid organic molecules. In this project techniques were developed that permit (1) the synthesis of organic molecular wires that provide uniform tunnel barriers between adjacent clusters, (2) the synthesis of metal clusters of sufficient uniformity to allow the assembly of a periodic network and, (3) the self-assembly of these elements to form a uniform 2-D network of interconnected metal clusters, a linked cluster network (LCN). An important step in predicting the electronic properties of a cluster-based, nanostructured material is a theory for understanding the factors that influence electronic conduction through a single organic molecule connecting two metal surfaces. A theoretical treatment of this problem was developed and the calculated current-voltage characteristics show good quantitative agreement with experimental measurements on individual molecules using scanning tunneling microscopy.
A Stool Collection Device: The First Step in Occult Blood Testing (1988)

Despite widespread fecal blood testing, the technique of gathering stool for sampling has remained uncontrolled. We sought to describe how patients have contended with this awkward step, to study artifact caused by toilet water, and to construct a collection device that prevents sampling problems. A survey of 250 patients showed that most (56%) had retrieved stools from the toilet basin, 17% used a pan or other household receptacle, 10% used newspaper or tissue paper, and 17% had been unable or unwilling. Sampling stool from the toilet basin introduces error because 4% to 75% of blood leaches from the fecal surface into surrounding water after only 4 to 12 minutes, and many toilet sanitizers cause false-positive guaiac reactions. We describe an inexpensive, disposable stool collector; outpatient compliance has been 97% using this device. To avoid biochemical artifact and facilitate stool sampling, we advocate that a collection device be incorporated into the occult blood testing process.
Reviews (1984)

Nuruddin Farah, Close Sesame. London: Allison and Busby, 1983. Adele King, The Writings of Camara Laye. London: Heinemann Educational, 1980.
On The Effectiveness of Virtual Eye-Hand Coordination Training With Head Mounted Displays (2023)

Eye-hand coordination training systems are used to train participants' motor skills and visual perception. Such systems have already been tested in Virtual Reality, and the results revealed that Head Mounted Display-based systems have the potential to improve the motor training. However, this was only investigated in an hour-long study. In the longitudinal study reported here, we analyzed the motor performance of three participants in ten sessions with three different assessment criteria, where participants were instructed to focus on speed, error rate, or complete the training freely (with no instructions). We also assessed the effective throughput performance of the participants. Our results indicate that effective throughput can be potentially used as an additional assessment criterion. We hope that our results will help practitioners and developers design efficient Virtual Reality training systems.
“FRNKly, Smooth Muscle, I Don’t Give a CArG!” (2008)

tudies spanning the last two decades have begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, specifically the critical role of the ubiquitously expressed serum response factor (SRF) transcription factor. SRF selectively binds to conserved cis-regulatory "CArG box" elements, CC(A/T) 6 GG consensus sequence, in the promoters or first introns of numerous smooth muscle-selective genes. The SMC contractile marker genes smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22) all require multiple CArG boxes for proper transcriptional activation. On SRF binding, the coactivator myocardin is recruited to the promoter through direct interaction with SRF and is required for expression of CArG containing SMC-selective genes. In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Sayers et al detail the in vivo regulation of a SMC-selective CArGindependent gene, focal adhesion kinase related nonkinase (FRNK), that plays a critical role in CArG-dependent contractile gene expression during SMC differentiation and after vascular injury.
Microwave NDE of Defects in Glass Fiber Composites (2016)

The attractive properties of Glass Fiber Composites have made it a very popular material for use in several industries including energy, oil &amp; gas, healthcare, transportation and others. As with all materials, composites too have the inherent challenge of defects getting incorporated during manufacture and material getting degraded during service. This demands a reliable and robust nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique to be used for inspection of this material. The search for newer and more advanced Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques is a constant endeavor in the industrial world. In the realm of electromagnetic NDE, Microwave NDE has been gaining a lot of attention in the last decade as a potential tool for inspection of various materials especially dielectrics like plastics, ceramics, composites, etc. Microwave NDE is non-contact, portable and fast in addition to offering imaging capability. These features make it an attractive option to be explored seriously as an advanced NDE tool. Glass fiber composites encounter a number of different types of defects such as foreign material inclusions, wrinkle / waviness, resin rich and resin starved areas, etc. Microwave NDE has the advantage of being able to penetrate more easily through dielectric materials, thus enabling detection of deeper defects vis-à-vis techniques like ultrasound or Infrared imaging. This paper explores the application of Microwave NDE to the detection and characterization of different type of defects. The effect of probe frequency and stand-off are explored. A comparative assessment of Microwave NDE capability with that of Ultrasound in terms of the depth of penetration, defect size resolution and signal contrast for the various defect types will also be reported.
EVOLUTION OF SURGICAL APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF PETROCLIVAL MENINGIOMAS (2007)

Over the study period, a diminishing proportion of patients with petroclival meningioma were treated using petrosal approaches. Utilization of the orbitozygomatic and retrosigmoid approaches alone or in combination provided a viable alternative to petrosal approaches for treatment of petroclival meningioma. Regardless of approach, progression-free survival rates were excellent over short-term follow-up period.
Marked and rapid effects of pharmacological HIF-2α antagonism on hypoxic ventilatory control (2020)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is strikingly upregulated in many types of cancer, and there is great interest in applying inhibitors of HIF as anticancer therapeutics. The most advanced of these are small molecules that target the HIF-2 isoform through binding the PAS-B domain of HIF-2α. These molecules are undergoing clinical trials with promising results in renal and other cancers where HIF-2 is considered to be driving growth. Nevertheless, a central question remains as to whether such inhibitors affect physiological responses to hypoxia at relevant doses. Here, we show that pharmacological HIF-2α inhibition with PT2385, at doses similar to those reported to inhibit tumor growth, rapidly impaired ventilatory responses to hypoxia, abrogating both ventilatory acclimatization and carotid body cell proliferative responses to sustained hypoxia. Mice carrying a HIF-2α PAS-B S305M mutation that disrupts PT2385 binding, but not dimerization with HIF-1β, did not respond to PT2385, indicating that these effects are on-target. Furthermore, the finding of a hypomorphic ventilatory phenotype in untreated HIF-2α S305M mutant mice suggests a function for the HIF-2α PAS-B domain beyond heterodimerization with HIF-1β. Although PT2385 was well tolerated, the findings indicate the need for caution in patients who are dependent on hypoxic ventilatory drive.
A 300-mV Auto Shutdown Comparator-Based Continuous Time Δ∑ Modulator (2020)

In this brief, a 300-mV, auto shutdown comparator based on a novel clock gating network is proposed. The proposed auto shutdown comparator is further employed to realize a compact, ultralow power continuous-time ΔΣ modulator (CTDSM) with a 300-mV supply voltage for multichannel sensing and biomedical applications. The design was fabricated in standard mixed-mode 180-nm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the CTDSM achieves a peak SNDR of 54.81 dB and DR of 57.4 dB while consuming a core power of 1.76 μW at 300-mV supply voltage without the clock-gated comparator. With the clock-gated auto shutdown comparator, the CTDSM consumes a core power of only 220 nW thereby providing an eight times power saving. Moreover, the fabricated CTDSM occupies an extremely small area of 0.0464 mm2 with an energy efficiency of 24.5 fJ/conv making it the most compact and energy-efficient CTDSM reported till date among the moderate resolution CTDSMs. Furthermore, by increasing the supply voltage to 400 mV, the CTDSM features a peak SNDR of 58.56 dB and DR of 64.1 dB while consuming a core power of 410 nW and 29.61 fJ/conv.