gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Urea Synthesis in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Dogs Maintained Normoglycemic: Effect of Portal Insulin Administration and Food Protein Content (1996)

In IDDM, the gluconeogenic turnover of amino acids is increased even if glycemia is well controlled and may be restored to normal by means of prehepatic insulin substitution. Therefore, the present study was designed 1) to investigate the influence of route of insulin administration (portal versus peripheral) on the urea production rate, which is considered to measure amino acid catabolism, and 2) to elucidate the impact of different food-protein intake. Paired studies were conducted in chronic insulin-dependent diabetic dogs maintained normoglycemic. Diabetic animals and nondiabetic controls were fed either a high-protein diet (46% of energy intake provided by proteins; study 1) or a low-protein carbohydrate-supplemented diet (20% of energy intake provided by protein; study 2) for 2 days, and flux rates of glucose and urea were measured using isotope dilution techniques. In both studies, the diabetic animals were maintained normoglycemic by glucose-controlled insulin infusion delivered either systemically or portally. In study 1 versus study 2, the animals showed lower alpha-amino nitrogen levels and concentrations of gluconeogenic amino acids, predominantly alanine. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose and glucose turnover between the experimental groups on either systemic or portal insulin infusion versus controls; however, peripheral insulin levels were higher for diabetic animals maintained with systemic versus portal insulin delivery (P < 0.05). No significant differences in glucagon, lactate, pyruvate, nonesterified fatty acids, or beta-hydroxybutyrate were observed. Urea production was significantly higher in study 1 compared with study 2: 7.48 +/- 0.83 vs. 5.97 +/- 0.59 micromol / kg / min (normal dogs); 12.97 +/- 1.86 vs. 5.54 +/- 0.60 micromol / kg / min (diabetic dogs on portal insulin); 16.11 +/- 2.59 vs. 6.82 +/- 0.70 micromol / kg / min (diabetic dogs on systemic insulin infusion); P < 0.05 for all. The diabetic dogs maintained normoglycemic with systemic insulin infusions had significantly higher rates of urea synthesis than those with portal insulin infusion (P < 0.05). It is concluded that in IDDM, even if normoglycemia is managed, there is significantly increased amino acid catabolism with posthepatic systemic insulin treatment. This increased catabolic rate is more pronounced during high-protein nourishment.
Chronic repetitive reaching and grasping results in decreased motor performance and widespread tissue responses in a rat model of MSD (2002)

This study investigated changes in motor skills and tissues of the upper extremity (UE) with regard to injury and inflammatory reactions resulting from performance of a voluntary forelimb repetitive reaching and grasping task in rats. Rats reached for food at a rate of 4 reaches/min, 2 h/day, and 3 days/week for up to 8 weeks during which reach rate, task duration and movement strategies were observed. UE tissues were collected bilaterally at weekly time points of 3-8 weeks and examined for morphological changes. Serum was tested for levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1) protein. The macrophage-specific antibody, ED1, was used to identify infiltrating macrophages and the ED2 antibody was used to identify resident macrophages. Rats were unable to maintain baseline reach rate in weeks 5 and 6 of task performance. Alternative patterns of movement emerged. Fraying of tendon fibrils was observed after 6 weeks in the mid-forelimb. After 4 weeks, a general elevation of ED1-IR macrophages were seen in all tissues examined bilaterally including the contralateral, uninvolved forelimb and hindlimbs. Significantly more resident macrophages were seen at 6 and 8 weeks in the reach limb. At 8 weeks, serum levels of IL-1alpha increased significantly above week 0. Our results demonstrate that performance of repetitive tasks elicits motor decrements, signs of injury and a cellular and tissue responses associated with inflammation.
Innate immune recognition of breast tumor cells mediates CCL22 secretion favoring Treg recruitment within tumor environment (2012)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) have been reported of poor prognosis for overall survival in primary breast tumors (BT). As CCL22 plays a major role in Treg recruitment within primary BT we deciphered the mechanisms involved in the CCL22 production by breast epithelial tumor cells and propose herein the major role of their innate immune recognition in this production.
Improvement of Cardiac Function in Patients with Severe Congestive Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease by Dual Chamber Pacing with Shortened AV Delay (1993)

Medical therapy often fails to control symptoms of severe heart failure. The possibility of modifying to some degree the global ventricular performance with the implantation of a physiological dual chamber pacemaker, set with a short atrioventricular delay (100 msec), has been adopted in two patients with severe heart failure due to coronary artery disease. The baseline clinical condition of both patients was characterized by leg edema, ascites, dyspnea at rest, or even orthopnea with a functional New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV. Acute measurements of hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters during stepwise shortening of AV interval guided the pacemaker implantation and setting of AV delay in the chronic phase. Within a few days after pacemaker implantation, both patients considerably improved their clinical status as well as their functional NYHA class, improving to class II in one patient and to class II-III in the other patient. In addition, modification of systolic and diastolic parameters paralleled these improvements functional class and clinical condition. Pacemaker therapy in severe heart failure refractory to medical therapy can be of considerable benefit in patients whose quality-of-life is severely compromised when pharmacological therapy is no longer effective. Acute hemodynamic and echocardiographic testing is useful in assessing the most appropriate AV delay and pacing mode.
Electrochemical 3D micro‐ and nanoprinting: Current state and future perspective (2021)

Abstract 3D Printing in the micro‐ and nanoscale is a challenge extensively researched by the additive manufacturing community. Unlocking the third dimension adds an unprecedented degree of freedom for the fabrication of complex structures unavailable with conventional 2D microfabrication techniques. Electrochemical 3D printing methods provide sophisticated solutions tackling many of the problems arising when shrinking voxel sizes toward micro‐ or even nanometer scales, especially for the manufacturing of fine conductive (mostly metal) structures. Herein, we review the current state‐of‐the‐art methods of electrochemical additive manufacturing and discuss their perspective for future advances in terms of technology advancement in resolution and speed, materials, and applications for printing functional devices.
Single-Axis Three-Beam Amplitude Monopulse Antenna-Signal Processing Issues (2015)

Typically, when three or more antenna beams along a single axis are required, the answer has been multiple antenna phase-centers, essentially a phase-monopulse system. Such systems and their design parameters are well-reported in the literature. Less appreciated is that three or more antenna beams can also be generated in an amplitude-monopulse fashion. Consequently, design guidelines and performance analysis of such antennas is somewhat under-reported in the literature. We provide discussion herein of three beams arrayed in a single axis with an amplitude-monopulse configuration. Acknowledgements The preparation of this report is the result of an unfunded research and development activity. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administ ration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
Matrix isolation as a tool for studying interstellar chemical reactions (1989)

Since the identification of the OH radical as an interstellar species, over 50 molecular species were identified as interstellar denizens. While identification of new species appears straightforward, an explanation for their mechanisms of formation is not. Most astronomers concede that large bodies like interstellar dust grains are necessary for adsorption of molecules and their energies of reactions, but many of the mechanistic steps are unknown and speculative. It is proposed that data from matrix isolation experiments involving the reactions of refractory materials (especially C, Si, and Fe atoms and clusters) with small molecules (mainly H2, H2O, CO, CO2) are particularly applicable to explaining mechanistic details of likely interstellar chemical reactions. In many cases, matrix isolation techniques are the sole method of studying such reactions; also in many cases, complexations and bond rearrangements yield molecules never before observed. The study of these reactions thus provides a logical basis for the mechanisms of interstellar reactions. A list of reactions is presented that would simulate interstellar chemical reactions. These reactions were studied using FTIR-matrix isolation techniques.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and VEGF-C Show Overlapping Binding Sites in Embryonic Endothelia and Distinct Sites in Differentiated Adult Endothelia (1999)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key modulator of angiogenesis during development and in adult tissues, whereas the related VEGF-C has been shown to induce both lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. To better understand the specific functions of these growth factors, we have here analyzed their binding to sections of mouse embryonic and adult tissues and compared the distribution of the bound growth factors with the expression patterns of the 3 known members of the VEGF receptor family as well as with neuropilin-1, a coreceptor for VEGF(165). Partially overlapping patterns of VEGF and VEGF-C binding were obtained in embryonic tissues, consistent with the expression of all known VEGF receptors by vascular endothelial cells. However, the most striking differences of binding were observed in the developing and adult heart, in which VEGF decorated all vessels, whereas strong VEGF-C signals were obtained only from epicardial vessels. In the lymph nodes, VEGF and VEGF-C showed distinct binding patterns in agreement with the differential location of their specific receptors. These results show that both VEGF-C and VEGF target embryonic blood vessels, whereas a more selective binding of VEGF-C occurs to its lymphatic vascular receptor in certain adult tissues. Our results suggest that VEGF and VEGF-C have both overlapping and distinct activities via their endothelial receptors.
Fabrication of L1 ordered FePt alloy films by monatomic layer sputter deposition (2003)

L 1 0 ordered FePt alloy films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have been prepared by alternating Fe (001) and Pt (001) monatomic layers on MgO (001) substrates at low temperatures below 300 °C. In addition to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique reported so far, ultra high vacuum compatible dc magnetron sputtering was used for the sample preparation, and the properties for sputtered films are compared with those for MBE films. When the Ar gas pressure during sputtering is equal to or higher than 5 mTorr, sharp (001) and (003) superlattice peaks have been observed in the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and the magnetization measurements show that the films are perpendicularly magnetized. However, the uniaxial anisotropy energy Ku for sputtered films is smaller than that for MBE films even when the long range order parameter estimated from the intensity ratio of the superlattice to fundamental XRD peaks is almost the same in both cases.
N-type organic thin-film transistor with high field-effect mobility based on a N,N′-dialkyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide derivative (2002)

N , N ′ -dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-C8H) thin films have been implemented into organic thin-film field-effect transistors. Mobilities up to 0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and current on/off ratios &amp;gt;105 were obtained. Linear regime mobilities were typically half of those measured in the saturation regime. X-ray studies in reflection mode suggest a spacing of ∼20 Å for thin evaporated films of PTCDI-C8H, which is consistent with the value of ∼21±2 Å obtained from our simulations when an interdigitated packing structure is assumed.
Validation of a New Diabetic Retinopathy Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire in People with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema (2020)

The DRKA questionnaire may be useful for interventions to improve DR-related knowledge and attitudes and, in turn, optimize health behaviors and health literacy.
Synthetic and Catalytic Potential of Amorphous Mesoporous Aluminosilicates Prepared by Postsynthetic Aluminations of Silica in Aqueous Media (2017)

Abstract Amorphous aluminosilicate catalysts have been used industrially on a large scale for almost a century. However, the influence of the pH on the alumination of silica in aqueous solutions has remained largely unclear. Herein, room temperature aluminations of different mesoporous amorphous silicas (fumed silica, dried silica gel, SBA‐15, MCM‐41, and COK‐12) with aqueous solutions of various pH (3–13) are explored. The aqueous solutions are prepared using different aluminum sources (Al(NO 3 ) 3 or NaAlO 2 ) and alkaline additives (NaOH or NH 4 OH). The decoupling of pH and Al source using alkaline additives results in a vast experimental potential to prepare unique aluminosilicates, whereby an important role is played by the pH development during the treatment. The bulk and surface composition, acidity, aluminum coordination, morphology, hydrothermal stability, and porosity of the obtained materials are characterized. Optimal samples possess large surface areas and superior acidities (up to 50 % higher) and outstanding stabilities compared to aluminosilicates prepared with state‐of‐the‐art methods. The obtained materials are evaluated in a series of acid‐catalyzed model reactions involving substrates of various chemical reactivity and size, enabling insight in the catalytic functionality of the introduced Brønsted and Lewis sites. The potential of the obtained materials is emphasized by the similar or superior acidity and catalytic performance compared to several benchmark industrial silica–alumina‐based catalysts.
Predicting deviations in software execution paths due to EMI injection via reachable sets and random delays (2018)

We describe the process of calculating reachable sets for the dynamics of a hybrid model of logic gates. We then use this framework to estimate the impact of electromagnetic interference on the execution of a segment of code. We consider temporal changes as well as changes to the initial conditions in the logic gates, and we consider their impact on the intended software execution.
STAT3: An HMGA1 gene target involved in HMGA1-mediated leukemogenesis and possible therapeutic target (2007)

1032 Although the high mobility group A1 ( HMGA1) is an oncogene that is widely overexpressed in aggressive human cancers, the molecular mechanisms that underlie transformation by HMGA1 have not been clearly elucidated. HMGA1 encodes the HMGA1a and HMG1b protein isoforms, which function in regulating gene expression. To better understand how HMGA1 overexpression leads to neoplastic transformation, we looked for genes regulated by HMGA1 using gene expression profile analysis. Ninety-seven genes were differentially regulated by > 2-fold in fibroblasts overexpressing HMGA1a and 103 genes were differentially regulated by > 2-fold in fibroblasts overexpressing HMGA1b. Fifty-five of these genes were common to both the HMGA1a and HMG1b fibroblasts. From the list of genes up-regulated in cells overexpressing HMGA1a or HMG1b, the gene encoding the signaling molecule, signal transducer and activator of transcription or STAT3, was studied further because of its prominent role in malignancy. Here, we demonstrate that STAT3 is a critical downstream target of HMGA1. We show that HMGA1 binds to a conserved region of the STAT3 promoter in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. STAT3 mRNA and activated protein (phosphorylated STAT3) levels are increased in leukemia cells from HMGA1a transgenic mice. Activated STAT3 also recapitulates the transforming activity of HMGA1a in fibroblasts. Blocking STAT3 function induces apoptosis preferentially in leukemia cells from HMGA1a transgenic mice, but not in nontransgenic control cells. Moreover, blocking STAT3 function in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells overexpressing HMGA1a also blocks colony formation in soft agar and cell motility. STAT3 mRNA is also increased in human acute lymphoid leukemia samples that overexpress HMGA1a , suggesting that this pathway is important in human lymphoid leukemia. Our results demonstrate that STAT3 is a direct HMGA1 target gene involved in HMGA1-mediated transformation and a potential therapeutic target in human lymphoid leukemia.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Ring Synthesis Based on Arene Olefin Cycloadditions: The Total Synthesis of (±)‐Rudmollin. (1986)

Abstract Aus dem Alkinol (I) erhält man das substituierte Anisol (II), aus dem bei der Photolyse die isomeren Cyclisierungsprodukte (III) und (IV) erhalten werden.
Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers for Internal Fusion Energy (1999)

We have begun building the ''Mercury'' laser system as the first in a series of new generation diode-pumped solid-state lasers for inertial fusion research. Mercury will integrate three key technologies: diodes, crystals, and gas cooling, within a unique laser architecture that is scalable to kilojoule and megajoule energy levels for fusion energy applications. The primary near-term performance goals include 10% electrical efficiencies at 10 Hz and 100J with a 2-10 ns pulse length at 1.047 mm wavelength. When completed, Mercury will allow rep-rated target experiments with multiple chambers for high energy density physics research.
Tumor microenvironment: an evil nexus promoting aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and avenue for targeted therapy (2021)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors. Recent clinical, genomic, and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC. Despite significant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions, failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths. It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis, promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy, and thereby adversely affects the prognosis. A complete understanding of the TME factors, together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions, can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC. Interestingly, different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV<sup>+ve</sup> and HPV<sup>-ve</sup> (human papillomavirus) HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized, targeted chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimen. This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV<sup>+ve</sup> and HPV<sup>-ve</sup> HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, metastatic niche, therapeutic resistance, and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV<sup>+ve</sup> and HPV<sup>-ve</sup> HNSCC.
Possible selection bias limits the interpretation of single-cell transcriptomics data of steroid-resistant asthma exacerbation (2021)

YouTube’s algorithm is often accused of putting users in filter bubbles and generating rabbit holes of radicalization. However, evidence on these issues is inconclusive. We conduct a systematic audit of the platform using 100,000 sock puppets ... Algorithms of social media platforms are often criticized for recommending ideologically congenial and radical content to their users. Despite these concerns, evidence on such filter bubbles and rabbit holes of radicalization is inconclusive. We conduct ...
ChemInform Abstract: UNEXPECTED CONFIGURATIONAL AND CONFORMATIONAL PREFERENCE IN BICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANE SYSTEMS (1982)

Abstract Durch die Addition von Fluorketen (in situ aus Fluoracetylchlorid und Triethylamin erzeugt) an Cyclopentadien (I) werden die Bicycloheptenone (IIa)/ (IIIa) und durch Dehalogenierung der analog erhältlichen Halogen‐enone (IIb)‐(IIg) bzw. (IIIb)‐(IIIg) die Bicycloheptenone (IV) und (V) dargestellt.
Contact poling of the nonlinear optical film for polymer-based electro-optic modulator (2002)

Poling of nonlinear optical (NLO) film is an important step in building an electro-optic polymer-based modulator. In this paper, an electro-optic modulator based on disperse red 1(DR1) side chained poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA/DR1) nonlinear optical film is designed and fabricated using the standard very large scale integration fabrication procedures. The poling methods are discussed and the contact poling is used to poling the nonlinear optical film. The poling voltage is determined by the measurement of break- down voltage. The refractive indices change before and after contact poling is given. The electro-optical coefficient of 12pm/V is obtained.
Quantum Limits on the Energy Consumption of Optical Transmission Systems (2014)

The search for schemes that minimize the energy associated with the transmission of information is a longstanding fundamental issue in communication theory. In this paper we extend fundamental limits to the energy consumption per unit of information, as given by Shannon's theory, to the quantum domain. Unlike previous studies, we address a scenario where the signal may be manipulated in an arbitrary way while propagating from the transmitter to the receiver. This situation characterizes many realistic scenarios, such as multi-span fiber-optic communication systems. We obtain the ultimate quantum limit on the energy consumption in this scenario and propose a simple binary energy modulation scheme that approaches this limit within one order of magnitude for practically relevant values of spectral efficiency. Under the same conditions, the quantum energy consumption limit of the standard optically amplified coherent communication scheme is three orders of magnitude above the ultimate identified limit. Throughout the paper we consider transmission of classical information over a quantum channel.
<title>Application-specific integrated lenses (ASILs) for the next generation of wearable displays</title> (2000)

Application Specific Integrated Lenses (ASILs), based on a unique holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal material system, which offer high efficiency, fast switching and low power are being developed for display and telecommunication applications. The basic properties and key benefits of ASILs in wearable displays are reviewed.
Eco-compatible and highly efficient organic solar cells with an aggregation-controlled terpolymer strategy (2021)

Our work presents a strategy for the development of eco-compatible highly efficient organic solar cells with sufficient solubility and optimized aggregation by introducing an ester-substituted thiophene.