gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B7-H6-mediated downregulation of NKp30 in NK cells contributes to ovarian carcinoma immune escape (2015)

In this study the phenotype and function of tumor-associated NK cells from perito- neal fluids of a selected cohort of patients with seropapillary ovarian carcinoma were analyzed. In &gt;50% of these patients the expression of the activating receptor NKp30 (1) in tumor-associated NK cells was substantially reduced as compared to autolo- gous peripheral blood NK cells. The impaired expression of this receptor was associ- ated with the presence of one of its cellular ligands (B7-H6) (2), which was detectable as a surface/cytosolic molecule in tumor cells and as a soluble molecule in the peri- toneal fluid. NK cells from patients expressing this NKp30low phenotype displayed an impaired IFNγ production and cytolytic function when tested against target cells expressing surface B7-H6. Our data also suggest that in these patients the defective expression and function of NKp30 may be induced by the chronic engagement of this receptor by soluble B7-H6 or by tumor cells expressing this ligand. The impairment of NK cell functions described herein could represent a novel mechanism by which the tumor microenvironment may contribute to the escape from immune surveillance. This work was supported by grants awarded by Associazione Italiana Ricerca per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC)-Special Project 5x1000 no. 9962 and IG 2014 Id. 15704 (Alessandro Moretta); PRIN 2010 (Alessandro Moretta); Progetto di Ricerca Fondazione Carige 2013 (Emanuela Marcenaro); Progetto di Ricerca di Ateneo 2014 (Emanuela Marcenaro). Eric Vivier laboratory is supported by the European Research Council (THINK Advanced Grant), by Equipe Labellisée La Ligue and by institutional grants from INSERM, CNRS, and Aix-Marseille University to CIML.
Topology design and fabrication of an efficient double 90/spl deg/ photonic Crystal waveguide bend (2005)

We have designed and fabricated a novel 90/spl deg/ bend in a photonic crystal waveguide. The design was obtained using topology optimization and the fabricated waveguide displays a bend loss for transverse-electric-polarized light of less than 1 dB per bend in a 200-nm wavelength range.
Long-Term Correlates of Racially Diverse Schooling: Education, Wealth, and Social Engagement in Later Life (2022)

Racially diverse educational settings yield various benefits according to past research. However, researchers have not fully considered how longlasting the benefits are and whether they exist for adults who attended school prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. We analyze a national sample of older adults born between 1931 and 1953 to test for an association between attending a race discordant school in early life and socioeconomic status and social engagement in later life. We use OLS regression and propensity adjusted regression to account for early life factors that select children into race discordant schools. Findings indicate that race discordant schooling is associated with long-term educational benefits for Hispanic adults and greater wealth for Black adults at age 65. Attending a race discordant school was not correlated with socioeconomic outcomes in later life for Whites. Additionally, Black and White older adults who attended discordant schools reported higher levels of social engagement at age 65. To the extent our models successfully account for selection, early exposure to race discordant schools yielded some later-life benefits to all racial/ethnic groups and reduced racial/ethnic inequalities among older adults, despite growing up in a time of entrenched institutional racism and significant White opposition to school integration.
Contiguation of Bacterial Clones (2003)

For accurate assembly of a bacterial clone map (or contig), it is necessary to precisely detect the degree of overlap and map order of clones. One way is to generate fingerprints for all the clones in a given project. The overlap between clones is determined by the proportion of comigrating restriction fragments on either acrylamide or agarose gels, with mulitfold coverage of clones allowing rapid identification of artifacts such as rearranged or deleted clones.
High Concentration Arsenic Diffusion in Silicon from a Doped Oxide Source (1972)

The properties of As‐doped and As‐doped diffusion sources as a function of the O2 concentration in a horizontal, open‐tube deposition chamber are examined. The effect of the Ge doping in the oxide is to enhance the etch rate and to reduce incorporated during the oxidation of AsH3. The elemental As thus formed diffuses more rapidly than in the oxide, thus enhancing the transport of As across the Si‐oxide interface. A prediffusion H2 anneal of the oxide is shown to produce a similar effect. Control of the source doping by varying the O2 concentration in the deposition chamber, . is shown to result in diffusions where the sheet resistance, Rs, varies as . In terms of the molecular fraction of As in the oxide, . RS is shown to decrease with time as . For shorter times the diffusion of As is complicated by the changing surface concentration of the electrically active fraction of As. Singly diffused As profiles in Si are shown to be described by the solutions to the diffusion equation with a concentration‐dependent diffusion coefficient. However, the preanneal in H2 is shown to cause the subsequently diffused As to have an anomalous electrical profile.
Studies on the Replication of DNA by DNA Polymerases (1963)

The structural model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick (1953) accounts for the principal chemical and physical properties of DNA and also suggests how cellular replication of DNA might take place. One approach to the problem of how DNA is replicated is through attempts to analyze and reconstruct the process in a cell-free system. Our earliest studies (Lehman et al., 1958a) showed that in extracts of Escherichia coli there was an enzyme, DNA polymerase, which catalyzed the polymerization of deoxynucleotidyl groups. As purification and study of the enzyme progressed it became clear that in order to obtain extensive synthesis of DNA the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates were required as substrates. In addition, the presence of DNA in the reaction mixture was found to be indispensable for the reaction, leading to the provisional formulation of the reaction shown in Fig. 1.
Capnocytophaga ochracea Chronic Blepharoconjunctivitis (1995)

A 70-year-old woman presented with a 10-month history of chronic blepharoconjunctivitis that had been unresponsive to multiple methods of treatment. The patient was not immunocompromised and had no history of corneal disease, ocular trauma, or lacrimal duct obstruction. Gram and Giemsa staining of conjunctival smears resulted in visualization of slender, fusiform bacilli. Culture of conjunctival scrapings led to the recovery of a fastidious isolate identified as Capnocytophaga ochracea. The same microorganism was also recovered from cultures of the patient's gingiva. The blepharoconjunctivitis responded well to treatment with fortified cefazolin eye drops. Awareness of this easily overlooked bacterial species should prompt the use of smear and cultural techniques.
Advances in Aligned Wafer Bonding Enable by High Vacuum Processing (2016)

High volume aligned wafer bonding processes typically separate the wafer to wafer alignment process from the wafer bonding process and this wafer to wafer alignment is normally done in an ambient atmosphere. While this process flow has worked well and enabled the proliferation of MEMS devices in the last decade, it does have limitations. The primary issue is the exposure to water vapor and ambient atmosphere which limits the preprocessing that can be done and maintained on the wafers to be bonded. Performing the wafer to wafer alignment, handling, and wafer bonding in a high vacuum environment allow specialized preprocessing of the wafers prior to alignment and bonding. The most basic preprocessing enabled by this high vacuum environment is the open face dehydration bake of wafers prior to alignment to alignment and bonding. When done in a cluster tool, a chamber can be dedicated to baking out the wafers to minimizing the effect of outgassing on the final vacuum level in the MEMS device. If one wafer needs a high temperature bakeout and getter activation and one wafer is limited to a low temperature bakeout this is possible by using two chamber in the cluster tool – one for the high temperature backout and one for the low temperature bakeout. Microbolometers that use vanadium oxide as the sensor layer are an example of a device needing high and low temperature bakeout. Another preprocessing enabled by the high vacuum cluster tool is a surface treatment which removes oxides from the surface, increases the surface energy, and enables the formation of covalent bonds at room temperature in the case of Si-Si bonding. This low temperature covalent bond has been shown to have an oxide free interface with a minimized amorphous layer as well as very low metal contamination. Also, because the bonding is done at or near room temperature it is possible to bond materials with substantially different CTES such a GaN to SiC This new technology will enable improved vacuum encapsulation as well as the manufacture of new, high performance engineered substrates. The latest process results as well as process flows and required equipment capabilities will be presented.
Automotive control (2009)

Automotive systems offer a rich opportunity for hybrid models, controls, and tools. Beyond the traditional use of hybrid models for representing the behavior of the composition of discrete controller and continuous plants, automotive mechanical systems exhibit hybrid behavior as demonstrated in this chapter. In addition, hybrid systems can be used to capture system specifications at the highest level of abstraction and to model implementation architectures thus enabling a rich design space exploration.
Trypsin‐pancreatic secretory isoinhibitor A from bovine pancreas (Kazal type) (1983)

The secondary and tertiary structure of isoinhibitor A from bovine pancreas secretion (Kazal inhibitor) was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence measurements. The protein shows noteworthy thermal stability as seen by the temperature dependence of the CD spectra and the intensity of emission fluorescence at different pH values.
Crystalline InGaZnO quaternary nanowires with superlattice structure for high-performance thin-film transistors and UV photodetectors (Conference Presentation) (2020)

This Conference Presentation, "Crystalline InGaZnO quaternary nanowires with superlattice structure for high-performance thin-film transistors and UV photodetectors," was recorded at Photonics West 2020 held in San Francisco, California, United States.
Subtilisin and cyanogen bromide cleavage products of fibronectin that retain gelatin-binding activity. (1979)

The gelatin-binding region of fibronectin has been obtained by subtilisin digestion and cyanogen bromide cleavage of the molecule. Enzymatic digestion yielded two fragments of molecular weights 50,000 (S50K) and 30,000 (S30K) which were isolated by elution from gelatin-Sepharose affinity columns. Because the S50K fragment also mediated the adhesion of fibroblasts to collagen, it contains both the collagen and cell binding sites on the fibronectin molecule. Both fragments had valine as the NH2-terminal residue, were enriched in half-cystine and methionine residues compared to the whole molecule, and were identical by immunodiffusion. The S50K fragment begins with the sequence Val-Tyr-Gln-Pro-Gln-Pro-His-Pro-Gln-Pro-(Pro)-(Gly)-Tyr-Gly-His-( )-Val, a region with an extended conformation which is susceptible to proteolysis and connects this domain to the remainder of the fibronectin molecule. The S50K fragment appears to be located in the COOH-terminal one-third of the fibronectin molecule but does not contain the interchain disulfide bridge(s); the S30K fragment is probably derived from the NH2-terminal region of S50K.
In-loop filter using block-based filter control for video coding (2009)

In this paper, a method of improving coding efficiency is proposed by using the Wiener filter as an in-loop filter. The Wiener filter can minimize the mean square error between the input image and the decoded image. However, errors of some pixels increase by filtering process. Since the filtered pixels are used for motion-compensated prediction, these errors are propagated to the subsequent images. The proposed method divides the decoded image into some fixed blocks, and decides whether to apply the filter for each block adaptively. As a result, by preventing the increase in errors after the filtering process, the coding efficiency can be improved. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves bitrate reduction of up to 33.9% in baseline profile and up to 33.0% in high profile at the same PSNR compared to H.264.
Identification and optimisation of 3,3-dimethyl-azetidin-2-ones as potent and selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) (2013)

3,3-Di-methyl-azetidin-2-ones were identified as potent and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors against the human and mouse forms of the enzyme. Structure guided optimisation of LLE was conducted, utilising a key polar interaction and identifying stereochemical preference for the 4S isomer. Metabolic stability was improved to afford oral exposure, providing tool compounds suitable for pre-clinical evaluation.
gMRAM: Gain-cell magnetoresistive random access memory for high density embedded storage and in-situ computing (2017)

High density embedded memories have been demanded increasingly to enhance the performance and reduce the power dissipation of advanced systems, such as multicore processors, which have been used in a wide variety of applications from servers to Internet-of-things (IoT) devices. In this paper, a memory cell, referred to as the gain-cell magnetoresistive random access memory (gMRAM), is introduced. The gMRAM significantly reduces the cell area per bit as compared to state-of-the-art embedded memories, provides opportunities for the joint enhancement of performance and reduction of power dissipation, and provides a natural basis for in-situ computing. A gMRAM cell simultaneously retains two bits, a nonvolatile bit using a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and a dynamic bit using the access transistor of the MTJ. The two bits are independently and nondestructively accessible for read and write. This paper focuses on the design and characterization of the gMRAM cell, array architecture, and read/write circuitry. Simulation results from an 8 kb gMRAM array using a 14 nm standard FinFET CMOS technology demonstrate a 750 ps / 475 ps access time for dynamic read/write, while the nonvolatile bit can be read from or written to the same cell with a, respectively, 750 ps and 3.5 ns access time. The gMRAM cell area per bit is 3× (2×) smaller than a SRAM (3T eDRAM) cell in the same technology.
Highly-sensitive temperature sensor based on photopolymerized-waveguide embedded Mach-Zehnder interferometer (2023)

Biology, medicine, and chemistry all rely heavily on highly sensitive optical fiber temperature sensors. To the best of our knowledge, this research introduces a unique design framework for high-performance fiber temperature sensors that helps eliminate the all-fiber interferometers' sensitivity bottleneck. A section of photopolymerized waveguide is embedded in a typical Mach-Zehnder interferomenter framework with multimode fiber-single mode fiber-multimode fiber (MSM) structure. The thermal-optical coefficient (TOC) of the photopolymerized waveguide core, which is created via the fiber-end lithography technique, differs dramatically from that of the resin cladding. Due to the considerable TOC difference, the phase difference between the interfering beams significantly increases as the temperature changes. The fundamental variables affecting temperature sensitivity are conceptually explored and experimentally verified. The suggested device achieves a typical temperature sensitivity of 1.15 nm/ <sup>∘</sup>C in the range of 30-100 <sup>∘</sup>C, which is about 10 times as high as that of the all-fiber MSM sensors. The suggested designing framework offers a fresh thought for creating high-performing fiber optic temperature sensors.
Learning Bayesian Networks: The Combination of Knowledge and Statistical\n Data (2013)

We describe algorithms for learning Bayesian networks from a combination of\nuser knowledge and statistical data. The algorithms have two components: a\nscoring metric and a search procedure. The scoring metric takes a network\nstructure, statistical data, and a user's prior knowledge, and returns a score\nproportional to the posterior probability of the network structure given the\ndata. The search procedure generates networks for evaluation by the scoring\nmetric. Our contributions are threefold. First, we identify two important\nproperties of metrics, which we call event equivalence and parameter\nmodularity. These properties have been mostly ignored, but when combined,\ngreatly simplify the encoding of a user's prior knowledge. In particular, a\nuser can express her knowledge-for the most part-as a single prior Bayesian\nnetwork for the domain. Second, we describe local search and annealing\nalgorithms to be used in conjunction with scoring metrics. In the special case\nwhere each node has at most one parent, we show that heuristic search can be\nreplaced with a polynomial algorithm to identify the networks with the highest\nscore. Third, we describe a methodology for evaluating Bayesian-network\nlearning algorithms. We apply this approach to a comparison of metrics and\nsearch procedures.\n
The combination of FLT3 and SYK kinase inhibitors is toxic to leukaemia cells with CBL mutations (2020)

Mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL, found in several myeloid neoplasms, lead to decreased ubiquitin ligase activity. In murine systems, these mutations are associated with cytokine-independent proliferation, thought to result from the activation of hematopoietic growth receptors, including FLT3 and KIT. Using cell lines and primary patient cells, we compared the activity of a panel of FLT3 inhibitors currently being used or tested in AML patients and also evaluated the effects of inhibition of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SYK. We show that FLT3 inhibitors ranging from promiscuous to highly targeted are potent inhibitors of growth of leukaemia cells expressing mutant CBL in vitro, and we demonstrate in vivo efficacy of midostaurin using mouse models of mutant CBL. Potentiation of effects of targeted FLT3 inhibition by SYK inhibition has been demonstrated in models of mutant FLT3-positive AML and AML characterized by hyperactivated SYK. Here, we show that targeted SYK inhibition similarly enhances the effects of midostaurin and other FLT3 inhibitors against mutant CBL-positive leukaemia. Taken together, our results support the notion that mutant CBL-expressing myeloid leukaemias are highly sensitive to available FLT3 inhibitors and that this effect can be significantly augmented by optimum inhibition of SYK kinase.
Effect of Exposure to Cold on Hypothalamic TRH Activity and Plasma Levels of TSH and Prolactin in the Rat (1975)

No significant change in hypothalamic TRH content was found in rats during acute (5-240 min) exposure to cold (5 degrees C), in spite of rapid and sustained elevations in plasma TSH and thyroxine. Plasma PRL rose markedly in the first 15 min, but returned to normal thereafter. Chronic exposure to cold (32 days) was characterized by elevated plasma and pituitary levels of both TSH and PRL in the presence of an unaltered hypothalamic TRH content. If increased TRH release from the hypothalamus occurs during exposure to cold, as suggested by the pituitary-thyroid stimulation, either it is compensated for by an equal rise in synthesis, or the extra amount released is negligible in comparison with the hypothalamic content of TRH. The acute PRL response to exposure to cold may be related to an acute TRH release but could also result from the accompanying stress response acting by a mechanism independent of TRH.
Room-temperature liquid metal and alloy systems for energy storage applications (2019)

Liquid metals and alloy systems that feature inherent deformability, high electronic conductivity, and superior electrochemical properties have enabled further development of next-generation energy storage devices.
Skeletal Muscle Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells (2017)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells including skeletal muscle cells. The approach of converting ESCs/iPSCs into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with the skeletal muscle diseases such as the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Patient-derived iPSCs are an especially ideal cell source to obtain an unlimited number of myogenic cells that escape immune rejection after engraftment. Currently, there are several approaches to induce differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs to skeletal muscle. A key to the generation of skeletal muscle cells from ESCs/iPSCs is the mimicking of embryonic mesodermal induction followed by myogenic induction. Thus, current approaches of skeletal muscle cell induction of ESCs/iPSCs utilize techniques including overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as MyoD or Pax3, using small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitor cells, and utilizing epigenetic myogenic memory existing in muscle cell-derived iPSCs. This review summarizes the current methods used in myogenic differentiation and highlights areas of recent improvement.
Multi-Mode Inference Engine for Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

During the past few years, interest in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has risen constantly, thanks to their excellent performance on a wide range of recognition and classification tasks. However, they suffer from the high level of complexity imposed by the high-dimensional convolutions in convolutional layers. Within scenarios with limited hardware resources and tight power and latency constraints, the high computational complexity of CNNs makes them difficult to be exploited. Hardware solutions have striven to reduce the power consumption using low-power techniques, and to limit the processing time by increasing the number of processing elements (PEs). While most of ASIC designs claim a peak performance of a few hundred giga operations per seconds, their average performance is substantially lower when applied to state-of-the-art CNNs such as AlexNet, VGGNet and ResNet, leading to low resource utilization. Their performance efficiency is limited to less than 55% on average, which leads to unnecessarily high processing latency and silicon area. In this paper, we propose a dataflow which enables to perform both the fully-connected and convolutional computations for any filter/layer size using the same PEs. We then introduce a multi-mode inference engine (MMIE) based on the proposed dataflow. Finally, we show that the proposed MMIE achieves a performance efficiency of more than 84% when performing the computations of the three renown CNNs (i.e., AlexNet, VGGNet and ResNet), outperforming the best architecture in the state-of-the-art in terms of energy consumption, processing latency and silicon area.
Cost-Utility Analysis of Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2018)

2.