gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Arteriogenesis via the Ultrasound‐Microbubble‐Targeted Delivery of Fibroblast Growth Factor‐2 (FGF‐2) Bearing Poly(Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles (2008)

We are developing a therapeutic arteriogenesis strategy in which ultrasound (US) is used to activate intravenously injected contrast agent microbubbles (MBs) and facilitate the targeted delivery of co‐administered fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2)‐bearing poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to skeletal muscle. Two weeks after treatment in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model, gracilis adductor muscles (GMs) exhibited an 18% increase in arteriolar length density when compared to controls [bovine serum albumin (BSA) bearing NPs]. In addition, the maximum diameter of the posterior GM feed artery, a major collateral pathway, was significantly increased with treatment (FGF‐2=156.8±16.4 μm vs. BSA=100.8±8.7 μm), as were the maximum diameters of the transverse arteriolar trees (FGF‐2=52.9±2.4 μm vs. BSA=39.8±1.9 μm). We conclude that FGF‐2‐bearing PLGA NPs stimulate both new arteriole formation and the structural enlargement of existing arterioles following targeted delivery with US and MBs. These results support the use of US in conjunction with MB contrast agents as a platform for the minimally‐invasive delivery of pro‐arteriogenic nanomedicine. Supported by NIH HL74082 and AHA0555511U.
Recent advances in nanostructured chemosensors and biosensors (2009)

Over the past few decades the fabrication of nanoscale materials for use in chemical sensing, biomedical and biological analyses has proven a promising avenue. Nanomaterials show promise in such chemical and biological analysis mainly due to their highly tunable size- and shape-dependent chemical and physical properties. Furthermore, they exhibit unique surface chemistry, thermal stability, high surface area and large pore volume per unit mass that can be exploited for sensor fabrication. This review will discuss the chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials necessary for use as chemosensors and biosensors. It will also highlight some noteworthy recent avenues using nanoscale materials as scaffolds for chemosensing and biosensing. Nanomaterials that have proven to be useful for the fabrication of sensors, as reviewed herein, have compositions including metals, metal oxides, chalcogenides and polymers. Their structures range from nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanowires to nanoporous and core-shells. Examples of the different types of structures and compositions as well as sensors and biosensors fabricated from them will be described. Some nanomaterials are functionalized with various kinds of ligands and bioactive groups to produce sensitive and selective sensors for specific analytes. The combination of two or more types of nanostructures with core-shell type nanoassemblies and other composite structures, in addition to advantageous features enhancing sensitivity and response time of related sensors, are also discussed.
New Circuit Topology for System-Level Reliability of GaN (2019)

To accelerate GaN adoption, beyond-JEDEC system-level reliability should be done to prove the robustness of GaN in applications. In this paper, a new hard switching test vehicle (half-bridge RC load) was proposed & demonstrated to achieve system-like stress, flexibility of acceleration test, low system power consumption with large sample size, easy setup & control which can meet system-level reliability requirement.
Application of the Dual-Cell Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometer (1987)

The differentially-pumped, dual cell geometry has improved the performance of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) for a variety of analyses, including combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, laser desorption mass spectrometry, and MS/MS. The ability to accommodate higher source pressures has also permitted the coupling of supercritical fluid chromatography with FTMS. The dual cell geometry has demonstrated improved resolution and accurate mass measurements under analytical conditions; added benefit results from isolating sample ions from reactive neutrals.
Response to Comment on “How Cats Lap: Water Uptake by Felis catus ” (2011)

We return to the physics of cat lapping to show that our proposed scaling analysis predicts the functional dependencies revealed by the experimental data more accurately than a recently proposed alternative description by Nauenberg. Experimental verification of functional dependencies, rather than single numerical values, represents the appropriate test for any scaling argument.
DEBOSH: Deep Bayesian Shape Optimization (2021)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) can predict the performance of an industrial design quickly and accurately and be used to optimize its shape effectively. However, to fully explore the shape space, one must often consider shapes deviating significantly from the training set. For these, GNN predictions become unreliable, something that is often ignored. For optimization techniques relying on Gaussian Processes, Bayesian Optimization (BO) addresses this issue by exploiting their ability to assess their own accuracy. Unfortunately, this is harder to do when using neural networks because standard approaches to estimating their uncertainty can entail high computational loads and reduced model accuracy. Hence, we propose a novel uncertainty-based method tailored to shape optimization. It enables effective BO and increases the quality of the resulting shapes beyond that of state-of-the-art approaches.
Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry (1996)

Metal Template Control of Self-Assembly in Supramolecular Chemistry (J. Fredericks & A. Hamilton) A Survey of Supramolecular Chemistry (1993-1994) (U. Maitra) Control of Reactivity in Aggregates of Amphiphilic Molecules (P. Scrimin) Models of Hemoprotein Active Sites (M. Momenteau) Recent Developments in the Design of Self-Replicating Systems (E. Wintner & J. Rebek) Synthetic Control of DNA Triplex Structure Through Chemical Modifications (K. Ganesh, et al.) Indexes.
Radar Stereomapping Techniques and Application to SIR-B Images of Mt. Shasta (1986)

One of the goals of the SIR-B experiment was the definition of optimum radar incidence and intersection angles for radargrammetric stereoscopy by comparing the results from three separate data reduction methods. To this end three overlapping images of the prime radargrammetric site (Mt. Shasta in northern California) were obtained, fewer than anticipated. This paper describes the mathematical basis for radar stereomapping, along with preliminary results from one of the methods (using a so-called "analytical" stereoplotter) for the Mt. Shasta site. Height coordinate errors range from 60 to 170 m depending on the density (number per ground area) of ground control points used.
The Erythrocyte Adhesiveness/Aggregation Test to Reveal Real‐Time Information of Rheological Relevance in Patients with Familial and Primary Hypercholesterolemia Before and Following Plasma Exchange (2002)

We applied an erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test (EAAT) to a model of plasma exchange in individuals with familial and primary hypercholesterolemia. The significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in the concentration of fibrinogen by 56%, globulins by 48%, and cholesterol by 53% corresponded to the expected significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in the degree of erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in the peripheral venous blood. By virtue of its being a real-time, simple, very-low-cost, and essentially bedside technique, the EAAT might have the potential of disclosing information of rheological relevance immediately before, during, as well as following apheretical procedures administered to patients with an impaired rheological profile.
Fabrication of high numerical aperture zone plates using deep ultraviolet lithography (1984)

Linear zone plates with a minimum linewidth of 0.69 μm are fabricated by electron-beam writing and deep UV lithographic techniques. The focusing characteristics are examined for laser beams at 0.633 and 0.86 μm in wavelength. A focal length of 200 m, minimum spot size of 1.0 μm, and a numerical aperture of 0.42 are obtained at λ = 0.633 μm. Possible applications of the present technology to the fabrication of miniaturized focusing elements for opto-electronics are discussed.
Streptococcus suisand group BStreptococcusdiffer in their interactions with murine macrophages (1998)

Streptococcus suis type 2 and group B Streptococcus type III (GBS) are important encapsulated bacterial species causing meningitis. In the present study we compared quantitatively the uptake and intracellular survival of S. suis type 2 and GBS type III with murine macrophages in non-opsonic conditions. The role of the capsule of both pathogens was also studied using previously obtained unencapsulated isogenic mutants. Encapsulated S. suis wild-type strain was practically not phagocytosed, while the unencapsulated mutant was easily ingested by macrophages. On the other hand, the well encapsulated GBS strain and its unencapsulated mutant were both phagocytosed in large numbers. Even if S. suis unencapsulated mutant showed a higher uptake rate than the parental strain, this value was always markedly lower than the numbers of ingested GBS strains. In addition, the intracellular survival of encapsulated and unencapsulated GBS strains was significantly higher than that of S. suis strains. These results suggest that interactions between GBS type III and S. suis type 2 with murine macrophages as well as the role of the capsule as an antiphagocytic factor are different for the two bacterial pathogens.
Light harvesting and photoconversion efficiency enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells via molecular and photonic advancements (2012)

The main goal of this thesis is to investigate and develop the physics of dye-based photovoltaic physics through molecular and photonic routes. Numerous photovoltaics devices have been fabricated through the course of this work to study their characteristics, performance, physical composition and action. The relative youth of the field of dye-based optoelectronics provides extensive scope for new research which provides fascinating opportunities in terms of physical processes.This thesis is divided into two main projects; exploring the adaption of conventional dye-sensitized solar cells via starkly different routes which serendipitously culminated in striking similarities at their conclusion. The first route is through incorporating spectrally complementary dye molecules with the intention of extending the range of light absorption of the final devices. This initial aim was achieved and was then furthered by the realisation of an unexpected and unprecedented energy transfer process occurring, imparting enhanced photocurrent generation in both the near-IR and visibile region. The second route involves investigating the effect on dye-sensitized solar cell physics and performance of the inclusion of metallic nanoparticles with the expectation of inducing plasmonic interactions. Novel systems were designed and implemented, devices were made which display significant performance enhancement, attributed to plasmonic coupling into the dyes and thereby increasing photocapture. A number of other investigations are documented whose current completion does not sufficiently warrant independent chapters but whose scientific interest is evident.
Natural Product Synthesis on Polymeric Supports—Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an Indolactam Library (1999)

Potent activators of protein kinase C in fibroblasts: This property was determined for several indolactam V analogues (1) with a new cell-based assay system. This tumor-promoting indole alkaloid and analogues thereof can be synthesized efficiently on the solid phase. The key steps of the combinatorial approach are a regioselective amination of the indole ring and an enantioselective enzymatic reaction.
Evaluating blood product quality post expiry to mitigate blood shortages during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canada (2020)

clinical/laboratory features of TTP in clinicians with no expertise in such hematologic disease.
Monolithic growth of the direct band gap material Ga(NAsP) lattice matched on (001) silicon substrate (2008)

The GaP-based dilute nitride Ga(NAsP) reveals a direct band gap and first laser device operation based on GaP substrate have been demonstrated recently. Since the lattice mismatch between GaP and Si is very small and the defect free deposition of thick GaP/Ga(NP) sequences on off-oriented Si substrate have been reported in literature, the epitaxial transfer of this novel direct band gap material Ga(NAsP) on Si substrate should allow for the monolithic integration of laser diodes on Si microprocessors. The present study introduces a nucleation scheme of GaP on exact oriented (001) Si substrate by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) to achieve this goal. Appling an optimized annealing procedure to (001) Si substrates with a slight off-orientation towards (see manuscript) direction leads to a Si surface, where step-doubling has set in and bi-atomic terraces are formed. Even though mono-atomic terraces are still present in low density, an optimized GaP nucleation procedure ensures self-annihilation of all present antiphase domains (APDs) and reveals an antiphase disorder free III/V film on Si after the deposition of about 50nm of GaP. This ideal nucleation layer together with a precise strain-management allows for the deposition of Ga(NAsP)/(BGa)(AsP) multi-quantum-well (MQW) heterostructures embedded in 1&mu;m thick (BGa)P layers on Si substrate. Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) prove a high crystal quality and abrupt heterointerfaces. This monolithic integration concept of the GaP-based laser material on exact oriented (001) Si substrates enables the integration of optoelectronic devices into the standard CMOS process.
An Infrastructure for Efficient Parallel Job Execution in Terascale Computing Environments (1998)

Recent Terascale computing environments, such as those in the Department of Energy Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, present a new challenge to job scheduling and execution systems. The traditional way to concurrently execute multiple jobs in such large machines is through space-sharing: each job is given dedicated use of a pool of processors. Previous work in this area has demonstrated the benefits of sharing the parallel machine's resources not only spatially but also temporally. Time-sharing creates virtual processors for the execution of jobs. The scheduling is typically performed cyclically and each time-slice of the cycle can be considered an independent virtual machine. When all tasks of a parallel job are scheduled to run on the same time-slice (same virtual machine), gang-scheduling is accomplished. Research has shown that gang-scheduling can greatly improve system utilization and job response time in large parallel systems. We are developing GangLL, a research prototype system for performing gang-scheduling on the ASCI Blue-Pacific machine, an IBM RS/6000 SP to be installed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This machine consists of several hundred nodes, interconnected by a high-speed communication switch. GangLL is organized as a centralized scheduler that performs global decision-making, and a local daemon in each node that controls job execution according to those decisions. The centralized scheduler builds an Ousterhout matrix that precisely defines the temporal and spatial allocation of tasks in the system. Once the matrix is built, it is distributed to each of the local daemons using a scalable hierarchical distributions scheme. A two-phase commit is used in the distribution scheme to guarantee that all local daemons have consistent information. The local daemons enforce the schedule dedicated by the Ousterhout matrix in their corresponding nodes. This requires suspending and resuming execution of tasks and multiplexing access to the communication switch. Large supercomputing centers tend to have their own job scheduling systems, to handle site specific conditions. Therefore, we are designing GangLL so that it can interact with an external site scheduler. The goal is to let the site scheduler control spatial allocation of jobs, if so desired, and to decide when jobs run. GangLL then performs the detailed temporal allocation and controls the actual execution of jobs. The site scheduler can control the fraction of a shared processor that a job receives through an execution factor parameter. To quantify the benefits of our gang-scheduling system to job execution in a large parallel system, we simulate the system with a realistic workload. We measure performance parameters under various degrees of time-sharing, characterized by the multiprogramming level. Our results show that higher multiprogramming levels lead to higher system utilization and lower job response times. We also report some results from the initial deployment of GangLL on a small multiprocessor system.
Effects of Interfacial Position on Drag Reduction in a Superhydrophobic Microchannel (2008)

The use of superhydrophobic surfaces in confined flows is of particular interest as these surfaces have been shown to exhibit a drag reduction effect that is orders of magnitude larger than those due to molecular slip. In this paper we present experimental results of the pressure-driven flow of water in a parallel-plate microchannel having a no-slip upper wall and a superhydrophobic lower wall. Pressure-drop versus flow-rate measurements characterize the apparent slip behavior of the superhydrophobic surfaces with varying pillar-to-pillar pitch spacing and pillar diameter. The superhydrophobic surface consists of a square array of cylindrical pillars that are fabricated by deep reactive ion etching on silicon and coated with a hydrophobic fluoropolymer. A major challenge, in correlating our experimental results with existing theoretical predictions, is uncertainty in the location of the gas/liquid interface and the associated gas/liquid/solid contact line within the pillar features comprising the superhydrophobic surface. We present experimental results, from laser-scanning confocal microscopy, that measure the location of the gas-liquid interface and associated contact line for fluid flowing through a parallel-plate microchannel. Knowledge of the contact line location is then used to correlate experimental pressure-drop versus flow-rate data with a theoretical model based on porous-flow theory that takes into account partial penetration of liquid into a superhydrophobic surface.
Analysis of Cocaine, Heroin, and their Metabolites in Saliva (1990)

Abstract : Methods have been developed to analyze for cocaine, heroin and their metabolites in human saliva and the results compared to urinalysis. Analysis of 26 samples showed that 14 positive by urinalysis and 16 positive by saliva analysis. Thus, saliva testing may be competitive to urine testing for detection of drug use. Only a small fraction of the saliva is necessary for the analysis so that further testing may be employed. Also, the metabolite profiles are shown for further analytical development. Keywords: Drugs of abuse, Cocaine, Heroin, Saliva, Urine, Metabolite profiles.
Improving MIDI-audio alignment with acoustic features (2009)

This paper describes a technique to improve the accuracy of dynamic time warping-based MIDI-audio alignment. The technique implements a hidden Markov model that uses aperiodicity and power estimates from the signal as observations and the results of a dynamic time warping alignment as a prior. In addition to improving the overall alignment, this technique also identifies the transient and steady state sections of the note. This information is important for describing various aspects of a musical performance, including both pitch and rhythm.
Partial parallel encoder for IRA codes (2010)

A fast irregular repeat accumulator (IRA) encoder that reduces the encoder latency for generating parity bits is proposed. The transformation of the parity check matrix into the blockwise form and the usage of the partial parallel process bring a reduction of the number of system clocks for the IRA codes encoding.
Superconducting optoelectronic platform for neuromorphic computing (2017)

We propose a hybrid semiconductor-superconductor hardware platform for the implementation of neural networks and large-scale neuromorphic computing. The platform combines semiconducting few-photon light-emitting diodes with superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors to behave as spiking neurons.
Helix-Coil Stability Constants for the Naturally Occurring Amino Acids in Water. II. Characterization of the Host Polymers and Application of the Host-Guest Technique to Random Poly(hydroxypropylglutamine-co-hydroxybutylglutamine) (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHelix-Coil Stability Constants for the Naturally Occurring Amino Acids in Water. II. Characterization of the Host Polymers and Application of the Host-Guest Technique to Random Poly(hydroxypropylglutamine-co-hydroxybutylglutamine)P. H. von Dreele, N. Lotan, V. S. Ananthanarayanan, R. H. Andreatta, D. Poland, and H. A. ScheragaCite this: Macromolecules 1971, 4, 4, 408–417Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60022a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60022a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gold Nanoparticles for Biology and Medicine* (2020)

Gold colloids have fascinated scientists for over a century and are heavily utilized in chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. Gold nanoparticles have a rich history in chemistry, dating back to ancient Roman times where they were used to stain glasses for decorative purposes. The Brust–Schiffrin method allows for the synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 3 nm in diameter. Antibody-labeled gold nanoconjugates have been used in immunohistochemistry for almost 40 years. Gold nanorods and nanoshells conjugated with antibodies are being developed as photothermal therapy agents that use antibody-coated surfaces to hone in on cancerous cells. Gold nanoconjugates are an important class of materials that have already proven useful in fundamental cell biology applications. The use of gold nanoconjugates provides a highly effective method for introducing substances into cells. The toxicity of several types and sizes of gold nanoconjugates has been investigated by a number of independent research groups.