gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Multimode Scanning and Transmission Electron Imaging and Tomography of Multiscale Structural Architectures of Sulfur Copolymer-Based Composite Cathodes for Next-Generation High-Energy Density Li–S Batteries (2016)

Abstract Poly[sulfur- random- (1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)] copolymers synthesized via inverse vulcanization represent an emerging class of electrochemically active polymers recently used in cathodes for Li–S batteries, capable of realizing enhanced capacity retention (1,005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and lifetimes of over 500 cycles. The composite cathodes are organized in complex hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) architectures, which contain several components and are challenging to understand and characterize using any single technique. Here, multimode analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopies and energy-dispersive X-ray/electron energy-loss spectroscopies coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and tomography were applied to explore origins of the cathode-enhanced capacity retention. The surface topography, morphology, bonding, and compositions of the cathodes created by combining sulfur copolymers with varying 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene content and conductive carbons have been investigated at multiple scales in relation to the electrochemical performance and physico-mechanical stability. We demonstrate that replacing the elemental sulfur with organosulfur copolymers improves the compositional homogeneity and compatibility between carbons and sulfur-containing domains down to sub-5 nm length scales resulting in (a) intimate wetting of nanocarbons by the copolymers at interfaces; (b) the creation of 3D percolation networks of conductive pathways involving graphitic-like outer shells of aggregated carbons; (c) concomitant improvements in the stability with preserved meso- and nanoscale porosities required for efficient charge transport.
Synergetic Observations by Ground-Based and Space Lidar Systems and Aeronet Sun-Radiometers: A Step to Advanced Regional Monitoring of Large Scale Aerosol Changes (2020)

The paper presents the preliminary results of the lidar&amp;radiometer measurement campaign (LRMC-2017), estimation of statistical relations between aerosol mode concentrations retrieved from CALIOP and ground-based lidar stations and case study of fire smoke events in the Eurasian regions using combined ground-based and space lidar and radiometer observations.
Plant homologue of human excision repair gene ERCC1 points to conservation of DNA repair mechanisms (1998)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER), a highly versatile DNA repair mechanism, is capable of removing various types of DNA damage including those induced by UV radiation and chemical mutagens. NER has been well characterized in yeast and mammalian systems but its presence in plants has not been reported. Here it is reported that a plant gene isolated from male germline cells of lily (Lilium longiflorum) shows a striking amino acid sequence similarity to the DNA excision repair proteins human ERCC1 and yeast RAD10. Homologous genes are also shown to be present in a number of taxonomically diverse plant genera tested, suggesting that this gene may have a conserved function in plants. The protein encoded by this gene is able to correct significantly the sensitivity to the cross-linking agent mitomycin C in ERCC1-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These findings suggest that the NER mechanism is conserved in yeast, animals and higher plants.
The Interferon-Inducible Protein Tetherin Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Virion Secretion (2015)

Tetherin is a host restriction factor that blocks the egress of a variety of enveloped viruses through tethering the budding virions on the cell surface with its membrane anchor domains. Here we report that interferon directly and selectively inhibits the secretion of HBV virions, but not subviral particles or nonenveloped capsids, through the induction of tetherin in hepatocyte-derived cells. The antiviral function of tetherin requires the carboxyl-terminal GPI anchor, while the GPI anchor deletion mutant exhibits dominant negative activity and attaches to liberated HBV virions. Consistent with the fact that HBV is an intracellular budding virus, microscopy analyses demonstrated that the tethering of HBV virions occurs in the intracellular cisterna and that tetherin colocalizes with HBV virions on the multivesicular body, which is the HBV virion budding site. Our study not only expands the antiviral spectrum of tetherin but also sheds light on the mechanisms of interferon-elicited anti-HBV responses.
Practical Channel Estimation for OFDM in time-varying channels (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate reduction as a route to novel β-azaheterocyclic acid derivatives (2004)

A chiral copper-hydride catalyst for the asymmetric conjugate reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been used for the reduction of substrates containing beta-nitrogen substituents. A new set of reaction conditions has allowed for a variety of beta-azaheterocyclic acid derivatives to be synthesized in excellent yields and with high degrees of enantioselectivity. In addition, the effect that the nature of the nitrogen substituent has on the rate of the conjugate reduction reaction has been explored.
Phase I Trial of Intravenous Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus (GL-ONC1) with Cisplatin and Radiotherapy in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Preclinical models have shown that the effectiveness of GL-ONC1, a modified oncolytic vaccinia virus, is enhanced by radiation and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of GL-ONC1 when delivered intravenously with chemoradiotherapy to patients with primary, nonmetastatic head and neck cancer.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Patients with locoregionally advanced unresected, nonmetastatic carcinoma of the head/neck, excluding stage III-IVA p16-positive oropharyngeal cancers, were treated with escalating doses and cycles of intravenous GL-ONC1, along with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The primary aims were to define the MTD and dose-limiting toxicities, and to recommend a dose for phase II trials.<b>Results:</b> Between May 2012 and December 2014, 19 patients were enrolled. The most frequent adverse reactions included grade 1-2 rigors, fever, fatigue, and rash. Grade 3 adverse reactions included hypotension, mucositis, nausea, and vomiting. In 2 patients, the rash was confirmed as viral in origin by fluorescence imaging and viral plaque assay. In 4 patients, viral presence in tumor was confirmed on midtreatment biopsy by quantitative PCR. In 1 patient, live virus was confirmed in a tongue tumor 7 days after receiving the first dose of virus. The MTD was not reached. With median follow-up of 30 months, 1-year (2-year) progression-free survival and overall survival were 74.4% (64.1%) and 84.6% (69.2%), respectively.<b>Conclusions:</b> Delivery of GL-ONC1 is safe and feasible in patients with locoregionally advanced head/neck cancer undergoing standard chemoradiotherapy. A phase II study is warranted to further investigate this novel treatment strategy. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5696-702. ©2017 AACR</i>.
The DCG, UDG, and MEL methods for automatic compile-time parallelization of logic programs for independent and-parallelism (1990)

There has been significant interest in parallel execution models for logic programs which exploit Independent And-Parallelism (IAP). In these models, it is necessary to determine which goals are independent and therefore eligible
for parallel execution and which goals have to wait for which others during execution. Although this can be done at run-time, it can imply a very heavy overhead. In this paper, we present three algorithms for automatic compiletime
parallelization of logic programs using IAP. This is done by converting a clause into a graph-based computational form and then transforming this graph into linear expressions based on &-Prolog, a language for IAP. We also present an algorithm which, given a clause, determines if there is any loss of parallelism due to linearization, for the case in which only unconditional parallelism is desired. Finally, the performance of these annotation algorithms is discussed for some benchmark programs.
A Role of Epithelial Cells and Virulence Factors in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus pyogenesIn Vitro (2020)

Biofilm formation by <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (group A streptococcus [GAS]) in model systems mimicking the respiratory tract is poorly documented. Most studies have been conducted on abiotic surfaces, which poorly represent human tissues. We have previously shown that GAS forms mature and antibiotic-resistant biofilms on physiologically relevant epithelial cells. However, the roles of the substratum, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and GAS virulence factors in biofilm formation and structure are unclear. In this study, biofilm formation was measured on respiratory epithelial cells and keratinocytes by determining biomass and antibiotic resistance, and biofilm morphology was visualized using scanning electron microscopy. All GAS isolates tested formed biofilms that had similar, albeit not identical, biomass and antibiotic resistance for both cell types. Interestingly, functionally mature biofilms formed more rapidly on keratinocytes but were structurally denser and coated with more ECM on respiratory epithelial cells. The ECM was crucial for biofilm integrity, as protein- and DNA-degrading enzymes induced bacterial release from biofilms. Abiotic surfaces supported biofilm formation, but these biofilms were structurally less dense and organized. No major role for M protein, capsule, or streptolysin O was observed in biofilm formation on epithelial cells, although some morphological differences were detected. NAD-glycohydrolase was required for optimal biofilm formation, whereas streptolysin S and cysteine protease SpeB impaired this process. Finally, no correlation was found between cell adherence or autoaggregation and GAS biofilm formation. Combined, these results provide a better understanding of the role of biofilm formation in GAS pathogenesis and can potentially provide novel targets for future treatments against GAS infections.
A Built-in Tester for Modulation Noise in a Wireless Transmitter (2006)

A fully digital implementation for an RF built-in self-test (RF BIST), incorporated within a digital RF processor (DRPtrade)-based system-on-chip (SoC), is presented. The proposed mechanism serves as an on-chip built-in modulation-noise estimation-module (BIMNEM) for the testing of the 2.4 GHz local oscillator of a Bluetooth transceiver offered by Texas Instruments. This SoC, realized in a standard 130 nm digital CMOS process, is being tested in mass production using a digital very-low-cost-tester (VLCT) that leverages on the internal test capabilities of the SoC, thereby minimizing test costs. Experimental results are shown and the extension of this approach for implementation in the later generations of DRP based SoCs is briefly discussed
A recent development in the electrical insulation systems of generators and transformers (2001)

Mica/epoxy and oil/cellulose have dominated insulation systems of rotating machines and power transformers for over 100 years. In recent years, however, XLPE cables have been introduced to generators and transformers as HV windings. This has resulted in a new type of generator (Powerformer/sup TM/), a new type of wind-power system (Windformer/sup TM/) and a new type of transformer (Dryformer/sup TM/). The new types of HV generator and transformer offer high efficiency, long life and low environmental impact and give new possibilities for the design of HV apparatus. The products developed represent new demonstrated possibilities in HV electromagnetism utilizing the potential in Maxwell's equations.
An RLS Algorithm for the Identification of Impulse Responses with Particular Symmetric Properties (2022)

In order to effectively solve system identification problems, it is always desirable to make use of particular characteristics of the impulse responses to be identified. In this paper, such an approach is illustrated by focusing on the estimation of systems with particular symmetric/antisymmetric features, which are handled using combinations of bilinear models. In the presented framework, we develop a recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm customized for such models. When assessed against the conventional RLS counterpart, the proposed algorithm achieves significantly improved results, in terms of the employed performance measure. Simulation results validate the appealing performance of the designed algorithm.
Kernel Density Estimation-Based Data Correlation (2006)

Calibration is the process of identifying and correcting the most likely error in sensor measurements. The basis for the authors' calibration procedure is to construct a statistical error model that captures the characteristics of the measurement errors. Such an error model can be constructed either offline or online and is derived using the nonparametric kernel-density-estimation techniques. Models constructed using various forms of the kernel smoothing functions are compared using statistical evaluation methods. Based on the selected error model, they propose four alternatives to make the transition from the error model to the calibration model, which is represented by piecewise polynomials. In addition, statistical validation and evaluation methods such as resubstitution, is used in order to establish the interval of confidence for both the error model and the calibration model. Traces of the acoustic signal-based distance measurements recorded by infield deployed sensors are used as their demonstrative example. Finally, they discuss the broad range of applications of the error models and provide an example on how adopting statistical error model as the optimization objective impacts the accuracy of the location discovery problem in wireless sensor networks
Computational Evaluation of Micro- to Macroscopic Mechanical Characteristics of Low-Carbon TRIP Steel under Different Conditions (2005)

Low carbon TRIP steel shows quite complicated deformation behavior. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the deformation mechanism of low carbon TRIP steel by using a numerical simulation method. According to research works in the past, continuous transformation of retained austenitic phase is essential in order that TRIP steel may show favorable ductility, which implies that appropriate control of martensitic transformation is most important for improvement of ductility. Therefore, we built models for deformation-induced martensitic transformation and performed FEM analysis using homogenization method accounting for the chemical composition, temperature, and crystal orientation. As a result, the effects of chemical composition, temperature, and crystal orientation on the deformation and transformation behavior of low carbon TRIP steel were clarified quantitatively and the conditions to realize improved ductility in TRIP steel were suggested.
T cell receptor Vβ gene usage in the recognition of myelin basic protein by cerebrospinal fluid‐ and blood‐derived T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis (1994)

Because of its proximity to the central nervous system, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represents an important source of T cells that potentially could mediate putative autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To overcome the low CSF cellularity, we evaluated culture conditions that could expand CSF T cells, with a focus on the expression of T-cell receptor V beta genes utilized by T cells specific for the potentially encephalitogenic autoantigen myelin basic protein (BP). Expansion of "activated" CSF cells with IL-2/IL-4 plus accessory cells optimally retained BP-responsive T cells that over-expressed V beta 1, V beta 2, V beta 5, or V beta 18, compared to expansion using supernatants from PHA-stimulated blood cells, or anti-CD3 antibody that led to different V gene bias and rare reactivity to BP. Sequential evaluation of paired CSF and blood samples from a relapsing remitting MS patient indicated that BP-reactive T cells were present in CSF during the period of clinical activity, and the pattern of BP recognition in CSF was partially reflected in blood, even after CSF reactivity had dissipated during remission. Over-expressed V beta genes were not always constant, however, since in three sequential evaluations of a chronic progressive MS patient, V beta genes over-expressed in the first BP-reactive CSF switched to a different V beta gene bias that was present in the second and third CSF samples. Blood samples reflected each pattern of CSF V beta gene bias, but retained the initial bias for at least 4 months after its disappearance from CSF. These data indicate that selective expansion of IL-2/IL-4-responsive CSF cells favors growth of the BP-reactive subpopulation, and, in a limited number of patients studied, reflected clinical disease activity. In comparison, blood T cells provided a partial but longer lasting reflection of the CSF BP reactivity and V beta gene bias.
High-affinity allergen-specific human antibodies cloned from single IgE B cell transcriptomes (2018)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies protect against helminth infections but can also cause life-threatening allergic reactions. Despite their role in human health, the cells that produce these antibodies are rarely observed and remain enigmatic. We isolated single IgE B cells from individuals with food allergies and used single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the gene expression and splicing patterns unique to these cells. We identified a surprising example of convergent evolution in which IgE antibodies underwent identical gene rearrangements in unrelated individuals. Through the acquisition of variable region mutations, these IgE antibodies gained high affinity and unexpected cross-reactivity to the clinically important peanut allergens Ara h 2 and Ara h 3. These findings provide insight into IgE B cell transcriptomics and enable biochemical dissection of this antibody class.
Short-time objective assessment of speech quality (2011)

This paper addresses the performance of objective methods for speech quality assessment in signals with realistic, block-varying degradations. A block algorithm is presented which employs an existing data-driven approach and is shown to outperform current standard algorithms. We present test re-sults performed on a block-varying extension to the C-Qual database. The effects of block size on the accuracy and dis-tribution of errors is also investigated. 1.
Characterizing Out-of-Distribution Error via Optimal Transport (2023)

Out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses serious challenges in deployed machine learning models, so methods of predicting a model's performance on OOD data without labels are important for machine learning safety. While a number of methods have been proposed by prior work, they often underestimate the actual error, sometimes by a large margin, which greatly impacts their applicability to real tasks. In this work, we identify pseudo-label shift, or the difference between the predicted and true OOD label distributions, as a key indicator to this underestimation. Based on this observation, we introduce a novel method for estimating model performance by leveraging optimal transport theory, Confidence Optimal Transport (COT), and show that it provably provides more robust error estimates in the presence of pseudo-label shift. Additionally, we introduce an empirically-motivated variant of COT, Confidence Optimal Transport with Thresholding (COTT), which applies thresholding to the individual transport costs and further improves the accuracy of COT's error estimates. We evaluate COT and COTT on a variety of standard benchmarks that induce various types of distribution shift -- synthetic, novel subpopulation, and natural -- and show that our approaches significantly outperform existing state-of-the-art methods with an up to 3x lower prediction error.
Cooperative Two‐Photon Absorption Enhancement by Through‐Space Interactions in Multichromophoric Compounds (2009)

Space Invaders: Eine Serie von Multichromophoren (Dimere bis hin zu dendritischen 24-meren) wurde hergestellt und spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Die Zwei-Photonen-Absorption hängt von der Zahl und Verteilung der chromophoren Untereinheiten ab und ist umso stärker, je näher sich diese sind (siehe Bild). Das Excitonenmodell weist auf rein elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen hin. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dynamics of Pre-replicative Complex Assembly (2010)

The pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) is formed at all potential origins of replication through the action of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1, and the Mcm2-7 complex. The end result of pre-RC formation is the loading of the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase onto origin DNA. We examined pre-RC formation in vitro and found that it proceeds through separable binding events. Origin-bound ORC recruits Cdc6, and this ternary complex then promotes helicase loading in the presence of a pre-formed Mcm2-7-Cdt1 complex. Using a stepwise pre-RC assembly assay, we investigated the fate of pre-RC components during later stages of the reaction. We determined that helicase loading is accompanied by dissociation of ORC, Cdc6, and Cdt1 from origin DNA. This dissociation requires ATP hydrolysis at a late stage of pre-RC assembly. Our results indicate that pre-RC formation is a dynamic process.
Separation of Solid Stress From Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Pancreas Cancer Correlates With Collagen Area Fraction (2017)

Elevated total tissue pressure (TTP) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is often associated with stress applied by cellular proliferation and hydrated hyaluronic acid osmotic swelling; however, the causal roles of collagen in total tissue pressure have yet to be clearly measured. This study illustrates one direct correlation between total tissue pressure and increased deposition of collagen within the tissue matrix. This observation comes from a new modification to a conventional piezoelectric pressure catheter, used to independently separate and quantify total tissue pressure, solid stress (SS), and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) within the same tumor location, thereby clarifying the relationship between these parameters. Additionally, total tissue pressure shows a direct correlation with verteporfin uptake, demonstrating the impediment of systemically delivered molecules with increased tissue hypertension.
On dimensioning of samples in testing hypotheses. (1977)

The aim of this paper is to find upper bounds for the number of independent observations, which are necessary in order to test the probability measure P against Q with given error probabilities.Geometrical considerations concerning the risk set of the testing problem lead to such bounds.A further bound is obtained by use of the central limit theorem.An example shows the applicability of the results.