gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of salinity level on growth performance, feed utilization, and chromatic deformity of the hybrid Red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus (2021)

Four different salinities (0, 13, 26, and 39 ppt) were tested to evaluate their effects on growth performance, feed utilization, carcass composition, and chromatic deformity of the hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus). 204 samples of 97 days post-hatch fingerlings red tilapia were stocked in a glass aquarium filled with 80 liters of water at a stocking rate of 17 fingerlings/ aquarium (0.21fingerlings/L), with an average initial weight of 12.48±0.04 g/fish and three replicates for each treatment. Fingerlings were fed on the experimental diet containing 30.3% protein at a 5% feeding rate, and re-adjusted periodically every10 days. The experimental period was 42 days. The results revealed that the final weight, weight gain, ADG, and SGR values increased significantly (P≤0.05) at the salinity level of 26 ppt, followed by 13 ppt salinity level. The survival % showed that all salinity levels had a high percentage without recording significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments. The best FCR was recorded in a salinity level of 26 ppt with significant differences (P≤0.05) between the treatments. The highest values of PER, PPV, and energy gain were recorded at 26 ppt. Salinity levels significantly influenced dry matter, protein, ether extract, ash, and carcass energy under the investigated salinities. The lowest percent of the chromatic deformity was achieved at salinity 26 ppt. It could be concluded that cultivating hybrid red tilapia in salinity levels between 13 and 26 ppt would significantly improve growth performance and feed utilization and reduce the percentage of fish with chromatic deformity as well.
Fuzzy Logic for Behaviour Co-ordination and Multi-Agent Formation in RoboCup (2001)

Robots participating in a soccer game need to determine the position of the ball, other robots, and the goal positions using real time visual tracking, along with being able to navigate safely, move the ball towards the opponents goal, and co-operate with teammates. Each soccer robot is equipped with basic behaviours such as chasing the ball and shoots it at the goal. Although the single-agent behaviours are very important, the issue of co-operation, or formation, among multiple agents in such a domain is essential. In this paper, we discuss the importance of robot formation in RoboCup and introduce new reactive behaviours and their co-ordination, based on Fuzzy Logic Control, to achieve cooperation among the soccer playing robots.
The use of unpatterned wafer inspection for immersion lithography defectivity studies (2006)

The switch from dry to immersion lithography has important consequences regarding wafer defectivity. It has been shown that for successful and efficient defect reductions related to immersion lithography the capability to distinguish immersion/patterning related defects from stack related defects is very useful during process control. These stack related defects can be observed after careful partitioning of individual layer inspections and the analysis of this data through DSA in Klarity. The optimisation of the dark field inspection SP2 tool, central in this paper, shows that improved sensitivity at adequate signal to noise ratio can be obtained on the resist stacks by using the smaller wavelength as the UV-laser light present in the SP2. For bare Si and BARC oblique incidence illumination gives the best sensitivity and captures the most defects. However monitoring of the resist and stacks with resist requires normal incidence illumination since the nature of defects and film result in a higher scattering intensity using normal illumination. The use of an optical filter and a 10% laser power also contributed to establishing a lower and stable background signal for each inspection scan. As immersion tool development is improved and immersion specific defectivity is reduced, the proportion of the stack related defects will become a significant fraction of the overall target for further defect reduction. This includes point defects (embedded particles) or flow defects (streaks) identified and classified using SURFimage. Finally this information is to be used to identify the defect origin(s) for ultimate elimination of defects in the stacks.
Pumping mechanism for the neon--nitrogen nuclear excited laser (1976)

In order to determine the physical processes for pumping this laser, a detailed study of the afterglow system has been performed. The pumping mechanism has been found to be collisional-radiative electron-ion recombination. Microwave quenching of both the laser and spontaneous afterglow light have shown conclusively that a recombination process directly produces a nitrogen atom in either the upper laser level or, more likely, in a higher lying energy level which rapidly de-excites to the upper laser level.
Aziridinyldinitrobenzamides:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships for Activation by E. coli Nitroreductase (2004)

The 5-aziridinyl-2,4-dinitrobenzamide CB 1954 is a substrate for the oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase (NTR) from E. coli and is in clinical trial in combination with NTR-armed adenoviral vectors in a GDEPT protocol; CB 1954 is also of interest for selective deletion of NTR-marked cells in normal tissues. Since little further drug development has been carried out around this lead, we report here the synthesis of more soluble variants and regioisomers and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The compounds were primarily prepared from the corresponding chloro(di)nitroacids through amide side chain elaboration and subsequent aziridine formation. One-electron reduction potentials [E(1)], determined by pulse radiolysis, were around -400 mV, varying little for aziridinyldinitrobenzamide regioisomers. Cytotoxicity in a panel of NTR-transfected cell lines showed that in the CB 1954 series there was considerable tolerance of substituted CONHR side chains. The isomeric 2-aziridinyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide was also selective toward NTR+ve lines but was approximately 10-fold less potent than CB 1954. Other regioisomers were too insoluble to evaluate. While CB 1954 gave both 2- and 4-hydroxylamine metabolites in NTR+ve cells, related analogues with substituted carboxamides gave only a single hydroxylamine metabolite possibly because the steric bulk in the side chain constrains binding within the active site. CB 1954 is also a substrate for the two-electron reductase DT-diaphorase, but all of the other aziridines (regioisomers and close analogues) were poorer substrates with resulting improved specificity for NTR. Bystander effects were determined in multicellular layer cocultures and showed that the more hydrophilic side chains resulted in a modest reduction in bystander killing efficiency. A limited number of analogues were tested for in vivo activity, using a single ip dose to CD-1 nude mice bearing WiDr-NTR(neo) tumors. The most active of the CB 1954 analogues was a diol derivative, which showed a substantial median tumor growth delay (59 days compared with >85 days for CB 1954) in WiDr xenografts comprising 50% NTR+ve cells. The diol is much more soluble and can be formulated in saline for administration. The results suggest there may be advantages with carefully selected analogues of CB 1954; the weaker bystander effect of its diol derivative may be an advantage in the selective cell ablation of NTR-tagged cells in normal tissues.
All-Photonic Artificial Neural Network Processor Via Non-linear Optics (2022)

Optics and photonics has recently captured interest as a platform to accelerate linear matrix processing, that has been deemed as a bottleneck in traditional digital electronic architectures. In this paper, we propose an all-photonic artificial neural network processor wherein information is encoded in the amplitudes of frequency modes that act as neurons. The weights among connected layers are encoded in the amplitude of controlled frequency modes that act as pumps. Interaction among these modes for information processing is enabled by non-linear optical processes. Both the matrix multiplication and element-wise activation functions are performed through coherent processes, enabling the direct representation of negative and complex numbers without the use of detectors or digital electronics. Via numerical simulations, we show that our design achieves a performance commensurate with present-day state-of-the-art computational networks on image-classification benchmarks. Our architecture is unique in providing a completely unitary, reversible mode of computation. Additionally, the computational speed increases with the power of the pumps to arbitrarily high rates, as long as the circuitry can sustain the higher optical power.
Switching response of dual-output Mach–Zehnder modulator in channel-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital converter (2018)

This Letter theoretically and experimentally studies the response of photonic switching in a channel-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital converter (PADC) with high sampling rate and wide input frequency range. A figure of merit (FoM) is introduced to evaluate the switching response of the PADC when a dual-output Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) serves as the photonic switch to parallelize the sampled pulse train into two channels. After the optimization of the FoM and utilization of the channel-mismatch compensation algorithm, the system bandwidth of PADC is expanded and the signal-to-distortion ratio is enhanced.
Hydrogen and halogen bonding drive the orthogonal self-assembly of an organic framework possessing 2D channels (2012)

Orthogonal self-assembly of an open organic framework showing 2D channels has been obtained by combining hydrogen and halogen bonding. The framework is able to host various guest molecules with a diverse set of steric demands and substitution patterns, and survives single-crystal-to-single-crystal guest exchanges from liquid and gas phases.
Packaging Considerations for Integration of mm-Wave Phased Array Antennas (2018)

Although mm-wave phased array antennas can be well integrated with other parts of the circuit (e.g., chip package) due to compact size, they are more sensitive to device-level implementations. This paper reviews different possible integrations, and investigates some of the far-field effects due to device-level implementations. Experimental studies and comparisons are presented for an end-fire phased array antenna at 60 GHz unlicensed frequency band.
Transcriptional activity regulates alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (2011)

Genes containing multiple pre-mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation sites, or polyA sites, express mRNA isoforms with variable 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). By systematic analysis of human and mouse transcriptomes, we found that short 3'UTR isoforms are relatively more abundant when genes are highly expressed whereas long 3'UTR isoforms are relatively more abundant when genes are lowly expressed. Reporter assays indicated that polyA site choice can be modulated by transcriptional activity through the gene promoter. Using global and reporter-based nuclear run-on assays, we found that RNA polymerase II is more likely to pause at the polyA site of highly expressed genes than that of lowly expressed ones. Moreover, highly expressed genes tend to have a lower level of nucleosome but higher H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 levels at promoter-proximal polyA sites relative to distal ones. Taken together, our results indicate that polyA site usage is generally coupled to transcriptional activity, leading to regulation of alternative polyadenylation by transcription.
Supplementary Figure legends from Small-Molecule Prodigiosin Restores p53 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells via c-Jun-Mediated ΔNp73 Inhibition and p73 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Recurrent Nodules on the Feet of a Child (2002)

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Natural TFH arise in the thymus and periphery of young naive mice (2016)

Abstract T follicular helper cells (TFH) localize to B cell follicles and secrete Interleukin 21 (IL21), a cytokine that is vital for driving the proliferation of antigen-stimulated B cells within germinal centers and their subsequent differentiation into memory B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells. Much of the current understanding of TFH is limited to studies following immunization of adult mice. Therefore, the ontological processes by which TFH naturally develop and express IL21 are poorly understood. Here we take advantage of a novel IL21-venus fluorescent protein reporter mouse to show that a major fraction of the earliest activated CD4 T cells that develop spontaneously in the thymi and the peripheries of young naive mice express IL21 within 2 weeks of birth. This population is rivaled in frequency only by FoxP3 natural T regulatory cells (nTREG) cells. Results from RNAseq profiling, their partial developmental dependence on IL6 and IL21 signaling and durability after adoptive transfers are all consistent with the generation of a novel, natural TFH (nTFH) population. This nTFH population is functionally defined by IL21 and is able to persist in that differentiation state in naive mice. We further show that thymic development of nTFH requires AIRE, while FoxP3 nTREG act in the periphery to restrain nTFH. We conclude that the precocious and robust presentation of nTFH in naive mice is caused by inherent self-reactivity that is developmentally driven by encounter with promiscuous self-antigens through AIRE. TREG are therefore the primary means by which nTFH are prevented from exercising their pathogenic potential in the periphery.
The Use of Non‐Equilibrium Plasmas for the Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts (2012)

Abstract A review of published works in the field of catalyst synthesis and treatment with the use of non‐equilibrium plasma techniques has been composed. Non‐equilibrium plasmas, also called low temperature plasmas, are known for their high reactivity (high electron temperature), while keeping the overall gas temperature low. Non‐equilibrium plasmas are often applied for dry surface modifications as an environment friendly alternative for solvent‐based techniques. In the field of heterogeneous catalysis, non‐equilibrium plasmas are most commonly used for the treatment of catalytically active surfaces. Such applications can result into highly dispersed catalysts with high activity and stability, such as photo‐catalytically active titanium dioxide films. Moreover, (non‐equilibrium) plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition can also be used for the synthesis of powder‐like materials used in heterogeneous catalysis for a wide range of applications, for example, ultrafine Fe 2 O 3 . The research field is still emerging, but already proves to be very promising, as will be shown in the review. magnified image
Objectives of the ARTRAC initiative in active pedestrian safety (2013)

Vehicular safety is an important objective in several research activities for more than 40 years. Additionally, the protection of pedestrians becomes an increasing interest in the recent decades. Therefore, this paper deals with innovative driver assistance systems based on radar sensors for cars. Detection and classification of vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, are the main topic of the EU funded ARTRAC project. In addition to this, precise road surface condition detection and surface friction estimation using radar sensors belong to further system objectives. © 2013 German Inst of Navigation.
Intramolecular vibrational energy transfer in methyl formate (1983)

Intramolecular vibrational energy transfer in isolated gas phase molecules of methyl formate has been studied by spectrally resolving the IR laser induced fluorescence from C–H stretch fundamentals, combination bands, and overtones in the region from 2900 to 3500 cm−1. By comparing the experimentally observed relative energy content of the IR active modes with that calculated from a statistical model it is concluded that complete randomization of the energy initially deposited in the zeroth order optically excited state occurs. However, due to the finite density of vibrations, that statistical distribution differs clearly from a thermal distribution. Both the model and experiment agree that different optically excited states deposit different amounts of energy in the carbonyl stretching mode at 1754 cm−1. We also observe a rotational state dependence of vibrational energy transfer in the 2939 cm−1 band. The experiments are performed by exciting a molecule cooled in a nozzle expansion with light from an infrared optical parametric oscillator. The fluorescence spectra are recorded with a cryogenic Michelson interferometer.
Generation and long-haul transmission of polarization-switched QPSK at 429 Gb/s (2011)

We demonstrate, for the first time, the generation and transmission of polarization-switched QPSK (PS-QPSK) signals at 42.9 Gb/s. Long-haul transmission of PS-QPSK is experimentally investigated in a recirculating loop and compared with transmission of dual-polarization QPSK (DP-QPSK) at 42.9 Gb/s per channel. A reduction in the required OSNR of 0.7 dB was found at a BER of 3.8 x 10(-3), resulting in an increase in maximum reach of more than 30% for a WDM system operating on a 50 GHz frequency grid. The maximum reach of 13640 km for WDM PS-QPSK is, to the best of our knowledge, the longest distance reported for 40 Gb/s WDM transmission, over an uncompensated link, with standard fiber and amplification.
A REST protocol and composite format for interactive web documents (2009)

Documents allow end-users to encapsulate information related to a collaborative business process into a package that can be saved, emailed, digitally signed, and used as the basis of interaction in an activity or an ad hoc workflow. While documents are used incidentally today in web applications, for example in HTML presentations of content stored otherwise in back-end systems, they are not yet the central artifact for developers of dynamic, data intensive web applications. This paper unifies the storage and management of the various artifacts of web applications into an Interactive Web Document (IWD). Data content, presentation, behavior, attachments, and digital signatures collected throughout the business process are unified into a single composite web resource. We describe a REST-based protocol for interacting with IWDs and a standards-based approach to packaging their multiple constituent artifacts into IWD archives based on the Open Document Format standard.
Flow and Heat Transfer Simulation of the Mixing of Polymer Blends Using the Boundary Element Method (1993)

Abstract In most polymer processes the quality of the final part stems back in great part to the mixing of the polymer blends and the viscous heating that occurs during the process. To date, these processes have been simulated using the finite difference or finite element methods which rely on cumbersome remeshing techniques, restricting the analysis to simple geometries. However, mathematical manipulation of the governing equations results in boundary integrals, allowing the solution of complicated moving boundary problems without domain meshing. The resulting boundary element model and simulation results of flow with heat transfer and the blending of two or more fluids of different viscosity effects during mixing of polymer blends is presented in this paper. The results give insight to the complex phenomena that take place during mixing processes.
OPOSSAM: Online Prediction of Stream Data with Self-Adaptive Memory (2019)

Data streams such as traffic flows, stock prices, and electricity consumption are endless time-series data from time-varying environments, and concept drift in non-stationary data streams is an important problem. To forecast the shortrange future values of such data streams accurately in real time, we propose an online prediction method called Online Prediction Of Stream data with Self-Adaptive Memory (OPOSSAM). OPOSSAM introduces adaptive memory management consisting of short term memory and long-term memory to manage time-series segments, and forecasts future values by local regression based on similar time-series segments. In order to deal with concept drift, OPOSSAM automatically adjusts the prediction model learned from short-term memory by considering the prediction model learned from the entire memory as the prior model. In addition, OPOSSAM keeps long-term memory consistent by reducing redundant samples with large prediction errors. Experimental results showed a reduction in prediction errors compared with baseline methods on real-world datasets in the different domains of traffic flow, stock prices, and electricity consumption.
(Pb 1−x Ba x )TiO 3 Thin Films Prepared by Liquid Delivery MOCVD: Influence of the Process Parameters on Film Formation and Electrical Properties (2002)

PbTiO 3 (PTO) and (Pb 1 m x Ba x )TiO 3 (PBTO) thin films were deposited by means of liquid delivery MOCVD using an Aixtron AIX-200 horizontal reactor with an ultrasonic nebulizer and a non contact vaporizer. The PBTO films grown on Pt-coated Si substrates at different temperatures show a columnar morphology and a random oriented perovskite structure. Film formation and crystal structure were studied for PBTO films deposited on various substrates, e.g. silicon and MgO, which impose different thermal stresses in the polycrystalline films. The films were investigated using XRD, XRF, AFM and SEM. Electrical characterization with respect to ferroelectric hysteresis behavior was performed in correlation to structural properties of the thin films.
107-Gb/s Serial Optical Packet Switching With 1-bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency for 100-GbE Backplanes (2007)

We demonstrate 107-Gb/s optical packet switching using electronically multiplexed duobinary signals, fast tunable lasers, and a 40 times 40 arrayed waveguide grating router. With a spectral efficiency of 1 bit/s/Hz, the fabric scales to 4-Tb/s capacity and is suitable for 100-Gb Ethernet backplanes.