gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fiber modal adapter for upgrading 850 nm multimode fiber links to 1310 nm single-mode transmission (2020)

We propose a simple and compact adapter using specially designed modal conditioning single-mode fiber for fundamental mode transmission through multimode fiber. The modal conditioning single-mode fiber has a mode field diameter at 1310 nm roughly matching that of the fundamental mode of the 50-μm core multimode fibers. The fiber is designed for integration in a compact adapter due to its low fiber cutoff wavelength. The adapters are attached to both the input and output ends of the multimode fiber to form a link suitable for single-mode transmission. The detailed characteristics of the link such as insertion loss and multi-path interference are measured. Using the adapters, we demonstrate error-free transmission over 1-km multimode fiber using a 100G CWDM4 transceiver, which carries 4 × 25 Gb/s transmission at four wavelengths around 1310 nm. The proposed SMF adapter not only enables newly deployed multimode fiber to be future proof for higher data rate SM transmission, but also offers an upgrade solution for legacy OM2 installations which otherwise cannot support higher data rate and in some cases are very costly to replace.
Final report for grant: DE-FG02-93ER45481 [Polymers at engineered interfaces] (2000)

Studies have been made of polymer interfaces, self-assembly of micelles at surfaces, phase separation in blends, diffusion and dewetting at and near interfaces, and nanomechanical properties of thin films. The main projects are summarized under the following topics: dislocations in lamellar diblock structures, effects of surface tension; compliance measurements and profiles of end-grafted polystyrene in solution observed by atomic force microscopy and neutron reflectivity; self-assembly of diblock polymer micelles from solution; dewetting dynamics; polymers on patterned surfaces; Flory-Huggins interaction parameter for polystyrene/poly-2-vinylpyridine (PS/P{sub 4}VP) blends; phase separation-induced patterns in dPS/PVME and dPEP/PEP blends; and high-resolution lateral imaging studies of phase separation and dewetting by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM).
PLASMA LIPIDS INFILTRATE ARTERIAL ALLOGRAFTS AND ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPLANT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (2008)

Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, United Kingdom
Contemporary Dramatists (1977)

This reference work is, in fact, the third volume in a series called Contemporary Writers of the English Language. The first two volumes deal with poets and novelists respectively. The value of a work like this is that it can be a useful aid to teachers preparing courses, students doing research, or to anyone interested generally in drama who wants a detailed account of a particular writer’s career. The difficulty comes with the interpretation of the word “contemporary”. Ruby Cohn, in her preface, confesses that the definition used by the compilers was “biologically alive (for this volume)”. This leads to some curious inclusions and exclusions: J.B. Priestley but not John Whiting; George Abbott and Dore Senary but not Carson McCullers and Loraine Hansberry. In many cases those excluded by reason of death have contributed as much or more to contemporary theatre in its wider sense than the conventional playwrights who are given pages of coverage. In some cases, too, death has intruded since 1973, when the book was published, and put some of the entries into the “no longer biologically alive” category: among them are Noel Coward, William Inge and W.H. Auden.
TDOA location system for IEEE 802.11b WLAN (2005)

We propose an IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN location system based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method. We confirm that IEEE 802.11b, as part of an indoor location system, is potentially highly accurate because of its broad bandwidth. When a location system is implemented in the IEEE 802.11b system, there are two important considerations; system architecture and required positioning accuracy. The accuracy of an indoor location system is apt to be degraded by multipath fading, which is a complex characteristic of indoor propagation. We developed a TDOA location system based on IEEE 802.11b, including several techniques such as access point (APs) synchronization, leading edge timing observations, and averaging with diversity. We experimentally evaluated the proposed system in a storehouse. The positioning accuracy when using ten APs and 3-branch diversity was 2.4 m at the 67/sup th/ percentile.
Mutant proteins as cancer-specific biomarkers (2011)

Cancer biomarkers are currently the subject of intense research because of their potential utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. In theory, the gene products resulting from somatic mutations are the ultimate protein biomarkers, being not simply associated with tumors but actually responsible for tumorigenesis. We show here that the altered protein products resulting from somatic mutations can be identified directly and quantified by mass spectrometry. The peptides expressed from normal and mutant alleles were detected by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of their product ions using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. As a prototypical example of this approach, we demonstrated that it is possible to quantify the number and fraction of mutant Ras protein present in cancer cell lines. There were an average of 1.3 million molecules of Ras protein per cell, and the ratio of mutant to normal Ras proteins ranged from 0.49 to 5.6. Similarly, we found that mutant Ras proteins could be detected and quantified in clinical specimens such as colorectal and pancreatic tumor tissues as well as in premalignant pancreatic cyst fluids. In addition to answering basic questions about the relative levels of genetically abnormal proteins in tumors, this approach could prove useful for diagnostic applications.
<title>Coding-theoretic approach to SAR image segmentation</title> (2001)

In this paper, a coding theoretic approach is presented for the unsupervised segmentation of SAR images. The approach implements Rissanen's concept of Minimum Description Length (MDL) for estimating piecewise homogeneous regions. Our image model is a Gaussian random field whose mean and variance functions are piecewise constant across the image. The model is intended to capture variations in both mean value (intensity) and variance (texture). We adopt a multiresolution/progressive encoding approach to this segmentation problem and use MDL to penalize overly complex segmentations. We develop two different approaches both of which achieve fast unsupervised segmentation. One algorithm is based on an adaptive (greedy) rectangular recursive partitioning scheme. The second algorithm is based on an optimally-pruned wedgelet-decorated dyadic partition. We present simulation results on SAR data to illustrate the performance obtained with these segmentation techniques.
Development of breast cancer immunotherapy using MUC1 retargeted T lymphocytes (2006)

Background Epidemiological studies have shown that only about 20% of the familial clustering of breast cancer is explained by the known highly penetrant mutations in BRCA1 and BCRA2. We have set out to search for the genes for the remaining 80%. Twin studies indicate a predominant role of shared genes rather than a shared environment; the patterns of occurrence of breast cancer in families are consistent with a major polygenic component. Methods We have assembled a population based set of 5,000 breast cancer cases and 5,000 controls from the East Anglian population. We have simple clinical and epidemiological information, including family history, and samples of blood and paraffin embedded tumour. We have used association studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, first with candidate genes and then in a genome-wide scan of 266,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, to search for the putative predisposing genes. We have as yet searched only for common variants (frequency >5%).
Blastomyces dermatitidis produces melanin in vitro and during infection (2004)

Melanin is made by several important pathogenic fungi and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of mycoses. This study investigates whether the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen Blastomyces dermatitidis produces melanin. Using techniques developed to study melanization in other fungi, we demonstrate that B. dermatitidis conidia and yeast produce melanin in vitro and that yeast cells synthesize melanin or melanin-like pigment in vivo. Melanization reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B, but not to itraconazole or voriconazole. Since melanin is an important virulence factor in other pathogenic fungi, this pigment may affect the pathogenesis of blastomycosis.
New Pyridinium Alkaloids from a Marine Sponge of the GenusSpongiawith a Human Phospholipase A2Inhibitor Profile (2000)

Four new bioactive pyridinium alkaloids, named spongidines A-D (5-8), have been isolated from a Vanuatu sponge of the genus Spongia, together with known petrosaspongiolides D (1) and G (2). Compounds 3 and 4 are 21-hydroxy derivatives of petrosaspongiolides K and P. Structure elucidation was accomplished through extensive 2D NMR experiments (COSY, ROESY, HMBC, HMQC) and IR, UV, and FABMS data. All compounds significantly inhibited human synovial phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) at 10 microM, with an IC(50) value of 5.8 microM for compound 4, which is the most potent inhibitor, with a higher selectivity toward this enzyme than the reference inhibitor manoalide. Pyridinium alkaloids (5-8) mainly inhibited human synovial PLA(2). Compound 8, which contains a sulfonic acid group, is the most interesting inhibitor.
Structural characterization of an activin class ternary receptor complex reveals a third paradigm for receptor specificity (2019)

TGFβ family ligands, which include the TGFβs, BMPs, and activins, signal by forming a ternary complex with type I and type II receptors. For TGFβs and BMPs, structures of ternary complexes have revealed differences in receptor assembly. However, structural information for how activins assemble a ternary receptor complex is lacking. We report the structure of an activin class member, GDF11, in complex with the type II receptor ActRIIB and the type I receptor Alk5. The structure reveals that receptor positioning is similar to the BMP class, with no interreceptor contacts; however, the type I receptor interactions are shifted toward the ligand fingertips and away from the dimer interface. Mutational analysis shows that ligand type I specificity is derived from differences in the fingertips of the ligands that interact with an extended loop specific to Alk4 and Alk5. The study also reveals differences for how TGFβ and GDF11 bind to the same type I receptor, Alk5. For GDF11, additional contacts at the fingertip region substitute for the interreceptor interactions that are seen for TGFβ, indicating that Alk5 binding to GDF11 is more dependent on direct contacts. In support, we show that a single residue of Alk5 (Phe 84 ), when mutated, abolishes GDF11 signaling, but has little impact on TGFβ signaling. The structure of GDF11/ActRIIB/Alk5 shows that, across the TGFβ family, different mechanisms regulate type I receptor binding and specificity, providing a molecular explanation for how the activin class accommodates low-affinity type I interactions without the requirement of cooperative receptor interactions.
Work function and implications of doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (2006)

We report work function and conductivity measurements of the block copolymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEDOT-PEG) doped with perchlorate or para-toluenesulfonate anions. The electronic and chemical properties of doped PEDOT-PEG are discussed in the context of the hole injection for organic light emitting diodes. We show that different dopants can result in significant differences in conductivity with only small alterations to the work function.
Distributed Immune Systems for Wireless Network Information Assurance (2010)

Abstract : The research program focused on developing innovative distributed methods and algorithms that take advantage of the special nature of wireless networks to improve assurance and security, while keeping disadvantages of wireless to minimum. The goal of the research was to design `robust' information assurance systems. There were three integrated thrusts; (1) Distributed Autonomous Immune Systems; (2) Assurance via Distributed Physical Layer Signal Processing and Routing; (3) Distributed Computing Formalisms and Systems. Technical Accomplishments
Peptoanaerobacter stomatis Primes Human Neutrophils and Induces Granule Exocytosis (2017)

<i>Peptoanaerobacter stomatis</i> is a newly appreciated taxon associated with periodontal diseases; however, little is known about the organism's pathogenic potential or its interaction with the host immune response. Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cell present in the gingival tissue and function to constrain the oral microbial challenge. However, some periodontal pathogens have developed strategies to evade phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils. Therefore, to begin to understand the role of <i>P. stomatis</i> in periodontitis, we studied its interactions with human neutrophils. Our data showed that after 30 min of incubation, neutrophils failed to engulf <i>P. stomatis</i> efficiently; however, when <i>P. stomatis</i> was internalized, it was promptly eradicated. <i>P. stomatis</i> challenge induced a robust intracellular respiratory burst; however, this response did not contribute to bacterial killing. Minimal superoxide release was observed by direct bacterial challenge; however, <i>P. stomatis</i> significantly increased <i>N</i>-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (fMLF)-stimulated superoxide release to an extent similar to that of cells primed with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). When neutrophils were challenged with <i>P. stomatis</i>, 52% of the bacterium-containing phagosomes were enriched for the specific granule marker lactoferrin and 82% with the azurophil granule marker elastase. <i>P. stomatis</i> challenge stimulated exocytosis of the four neutrophil granule subtypes. Moreover, <i>P. stomatis</i> susceptibility to extracellular killing could be attributed to the exocytosis of antimicrobial components present in neutrophil granules. Priming neutrophils for an enhanced respiratory burst together with promoting granule content release could contribute to the chronic inflammation and tissue destruction that characterize periodontal diseases.
Comparative evaluation of control schemes for a high bandwidth three-phase AC source (2012)

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of a conventional cascaded PI-based control scheme (2 control loops with feedforward) with two different Model Predictive Control (MPC) schemes for a high performance AC source with 5 kHz – 3 dB small-signal bandwidth. The prediction horizon of the MPC is 2. One of the MPC schemes considers direct selection of the switching states and the other one considers, in addition, the use of a modulation stage in order to obtain a constant switching frequency and to improve the steady-state output voltage behavior. The AC source considered in this work is based on a three-level T-Type converter with a two-stage LC output filter. The frequency characteristics of the system for the three control schemes are obtained, including reference tracking transfer function, output impedance and attenuation of DC-link voltage harmonics.
An Embedded Real-Time Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for Mobile Robot Navigation (2005)

A reactive fuzzy logic based control strategy was developed for mobile robot navigation. To decrease the number of fuzzy rules and related processing, a RAM-based neural network was combined with the fuzzy logic strategy. The fuzzy rules are used to interpret sensor information. The neural network uses results from the fuzzy logic as well as environmental information to make navigation decisions. The feasibility of this neuro-fuzzy approach was demonstrated on a mobile robot using a simple, 8-bit microcontroller. Experiments show the approach works well, as the robot was able to successfully avoid objects while seeking a goal in real-time. The neuro-fuzzy approach is code-efficient, fast, and easy to relate to the physical world
Spin configurations in CO<sub>2</sub>FeAl<sub>0.4</sub>Si<sub>0.6</sub> Heusler alloy thin film elements (2011)

We determine experimentally the spin structure of half-metallic Co2FeAl0.4Si0.6 Heusler alloy elements using magnetic microscopy. Following magnetic saturation, the dominant magnetic states consist of quasi-uniform configurations, where a strong influence from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is visible. Heating experiments show the stability of the spin configuration of domain walls in confined geometries up to 800 K. The switching temperature for the transition from transverse to vortex walls in ring elements is found to increase with ring width, an effect attributed to structural changes and consequent changes in magnetic anisotropy, which start to occur in the narrower elements at lower temperatures.
New field-weakening control considering voltage saturation for vector control system of induction motor (2005)

This paper proposes a new field-weakening control considering inverter voltage saturation for vector controlled induction motor. The proposed method improves the output torque characteristics in the field-weakening region. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by the numerical simulation results and the experimental results.
Spaceland Embedding of Sparse Stochastic Graphs (2019)

We introduce SG-t-SNE, a nonlinear method for embedding stochastic graphs/networks into d-dimensional spaces, d = 1, 2, 3, without requiring vertex features to reside in, or be transformed into, a metric space. Graphs/networks are relational data, prevalent in real-world applications. Graph embedding is fundamental to many graph analysis tasks, besides graph visualization. SG-t-SNE follows and builds upon the core principle of t-SNE, which is a widely used method for visualizing high-dimensional data. We also introduce SG-t-SNE-Π, a high-performance software for rapid d-dimensional embedding of large, sparse, stochastic graphs on personal computers with superior efficiency. It empowers SG-t-SNE with modern computing techniques exploiting matrix structures in tandem with memory architectures. We present elucidating graph embedding results with several synthetic graphs and real-world networks in this paper and its Supplementary Material. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> Supplementary Material is at http://t-sne-pi.cs.duke.edu.
Demonstration of a Novel Method for Real-Time Network Latency Measurements in the Optical Transport Network using G.709 Overhead (2009)

Accurate round-trip latency measurements of G.709 encapsulated signals are possible with use of a pattern in the G.709 reserved overhead. The measurements results match well to those obtained with an external test set.
A single amino acid in the PB2 gene of influenza A virus is a determinant of host range (1993)

The single gene reassortant virus that derives its PB2 gene from the avian influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus and remaining genes from the human influenza A/Los Angeles/2/87 virus exhibits a host range restriction (hr) phenotype characterized by efficient replication in avian tissue and failure to produce plaques in mammalian Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The hr phenotype is associated with restriction of viral replication in the respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys and humans. To identify the genetic basis of the hr phenotype, we isolated four phenotypic hr mutant viruses that acquired the ability to replicate efficiently in mammalian tissue. Segregational analysis indicated that the loss of the hr phenotype was due to a mutation in the PB2 gene itself. The nucleotide sequences of the PB2 gene of each of the four hr mutants revealed that a single amino acid substitution at position 627 (Glu-->Lys) was responsible for the restoration of the ability of the PB2 single gene reassortant to replicate in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Interestingly, the amino acid at position 627 in every avian influenza A virus PB2 protein analyzed to date is glutamic acid, and in every human influenza A virus PB2 protein, it is lysine. Thus, the amino acid at residue 627 of PB2 is an important determinant of host range of influenza A viruses.
Import of TAT-Conjugated Propionyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Using Models of Propionic Acidemia (2018)

Propionic acidemia is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase (PCC) located in the mitochondrial matrix. Cell-penetrating peptides, including transactivator of transcription (TAT), offer a potential to deliver a cargo into the mitochondrion. Here, we investigated the delivery of an α<sub>6</sub>β<sub>6</sub> PCC enzyme into mitochondria using the HIV TAT peptide at several levels: into isolated mitochondria, in patient fibroblast cells, and in a mouse model. Results from Western blots and enzyme activity assays confirmed the import of TAT-PCC into mitochondria, as well as into patient fibroblasts, where the colocalization of imported TAT-PCC and mitochondria was also confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, a single-dose intraperitoneal injection into PCC-deficient mice decreased the propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine (C3/C2) ratio toward the normal level. These results show that a cell-penetrating peptide can deliver active multimeric enzyme into mitochondria <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in situ</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> and push the size limit of intracellular delivery achieved so far. Our results are promising for other mitochondrion-specific deficiencies.
Pharmacological profile and anti-ischemic properties of the Ca(2+)-channel blocker NS-638. (1995)

Included in the sequence of events leading to neuronal death in ischemic tissue following stroke is an excessive and toxic rise in the intracellular Ca(2+)-concentration, predominantly due to an influx of Ca2+ through nonselective cation-channels as well as Ca(2+)-channels. In the present study we have characterized the pharmacological profile and anti-ischemic effects of 2-amino-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole (NS-638), a small nonpeptide molecule with Ca(2+)-channel blocking properties. NS-638 dose dependently inhibited K(+)-stimulated [45Ca2+]-uptake in chick cortical synaptosomes and 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA)-stimulated [3H]GABA-release from cultured cortical neurons with IC50 values of 2.3 and 4.3 microM, respectively. K(+)-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+)-elevation in cultured cerebellar granule cells was equipotently blocked with an IC50 value of 3.4 microM. At this concentration no effect on Ca(2+)-induced contractions in K(+)-depolarized guinea pig taenia coli was observed. The effect of NS-638 on neuronal Ca(2+)-channels was evaluated using whole cell patch clamp techniques. The compound reversibly blocked N- and L-type Ca(2+)-channels in cultured chick dorsal root ganglion cells in the concentration range of 1-30 microM. In the mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, NS-638 administered i.p. (50 mg kg-1) at 1 h and 6 h post-ischemia, and once a day for the next two days, resulted in a 48% reduction in total infarct volume. The compound did not show protection against ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil model of bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO). This data suggests, that neuronal Ca(2+)-channel blockers may have potential in ameliorating the pathological damage after focal ischemia.
A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,8‐Naphthyridones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.