gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the impact of relay-side channel state information on opportunistic relaying (2013)

Outage performance of network topology-aware opportunistic relay selection is studied using stochastic geometry techniques with the focus on the impact of different levels of channel state information (CSI) available at relays. Specifically, two scenarios with either (a) exact instantaneous or (b) only statistical CSI are compared with an explicit account for both small-scale Rayleigh fading and path loss due to random node locations. Analytical and simulation results suggest that although similar diversity order can be achieved in both cases, the lack of precise CSI to support relay selection translates into significant increase in the power required to achieve the same level of QoS. In addition, when only statistical CSI is available, achieving high diversity order is possible by employing multiple relays at the cost of performance degradation at low SNR due to splitting of system resources.
Design principles of chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery (2005)

Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) are present in a large number of transdermal, dermatological, and cosmetic products to aid dermal absorption of curatives and aesthetics. This wide spectrum of use is based on only a handful of molecules, the majority of which belong to three to four typical chemical functionalities, sporadically introduced as CPEs in the last 50 years. Using >100 CPEs representing several chemical functionalities, we report on the fundamental mechanisms that determine the barrier disruption potential of CPEs and skin safety in their presence. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that regardless of their chemical make-up, CPEs perturb the skin barrier via extraction or fluidization of lipid bilayers. Irritation response of CPEs, on the other hand, correlated with the denaturation of stratum corneum proteins, making it feasible to use protein conformation changes to map CPE safety in vitro. Most interestingly, the understanding of underlying molecular forces responsible for CPE safety and potency reveals inherent constraints that limit CPE performance. Reengineering this knowledge back into molecular structure, we designed >300 potential CPEs. These molecules were screened in silico and subsequently tested in vitro for molecular delivery. These molecules significantly broaden the repertoire of CPEs that can aid the design of optimized transdermal, dermatological, and cosmetic formulations in the future.
Effect of off-axis growth on dislocations in CVD diamond grown on {001} substrates (2011)

Single crystal CVD synthetic diamond samples grown on substrates close to (001) have been studied using X-ray topography, photoluminescence imaging and Nomarski microscopy. The substrates used for this study were polished up to 15 degrees from (001). Nomarski images of the final growth surface have been compared with X-ray section topographs and photoluminescence images, both sampling a plane close to the surface of a (010) cross-sectional slice. The photoluminescence images provide evidence of the direction of step flow growth which was compared with the surface morphology. Samples grown on substrates polished off-(001) about [010] by greater than 10 degrees exhibit regions possessing both [001] and [101] dislocations as a result of on-axis and off-axis step flow growth respectively. Our previously published model suggests relatively low angle surface inclinations arising from risers are needed to switch dislocation direction from [001] to [101] line direction, and core energies per unit length suggest a minimum riser angle of 10 degrees is required. Samples grown on substrates polished greater than 10 degrees from (001) exhibit dislocations with a [101] line direction consistent with the model. Below this angle the dislocations do not switch line direction. Possible mechanisms influencing dislocation line direction via off-axis growth are discussed.
Index-near-zero modes in Si photonic crystal supported by accidental bound states in the continuum (2022)

Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials have attracted attention for more than a decade. With a lot of advances in their functionalization it also has come an understanding that most of such natural materials exhibit high intrinsic losses at optical frequencies. Therefore, as an alternative, index-near-zero (INZ) materials are currently being investigated. The use of nanostructured dielectric materials with specific mode profiles, which effectively provides very small modal indices, is considered a potential solution. We report on such system, which has been designed, fabricated and characterized recently. Quasi-bound states in the continuum are involved to minimize the radiative losses of INZ modes.
Studies directed toward the total synthesis of cerorubenic acid-III. 3. A convergent enantioselective approach involving new arrangements for the actuation of ring D cyclization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies directed toward the total synthesis of cerorubenic acid-III. 3. A convergent enantioselective approach involving new arrangements for the actuation of ring D cyclizationLeo A. Paquette, David N. Deaton, Yasuyuki Endo, and Marc Andre PoupartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 16, 4262–4273Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00068a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Adaptive optical interconnects: the ADDAPT project (2015)

Existing optical networks are driven by dynamic user and application demands but operate statically at their maximum performance. Thus, optical links do not offer much adaptability and are not very energy-efficient. In this paper a novel approach of implementing performance and power adaptivity from system down to optical device, electrical circuit and transistor level is proposed. Depending on the actual data load, the number of activated link paths and individual device parameters like bandwidth, clock rate, modulation format and gain are adapted to enable lowering the components supply power. This enables flexible energy-efficient optical transmission links which pave the way for massive reductions of CO2 emission and operating costs in data center and high performance computing applications. Within the FP7 research project Adaptive Data and Power Aware Transceivers for Optical Communications (ADDAPT) dynamic high-speed energy-efficient transceiver subsystems are developed for short-range optical interconnects taking up new adaptive technologies and methods. The research of eight partners from industry, research and education spanning seven European countries includes the investigation of several adaptive control types and algorithms, the development of a full transceiver system, the design and fabrication of optical components and integrated circuits as well as the development of high-speed, low loss packaging solutions. This paper describes and discusses the idea of ADDAPT and provides an overview about the latest research results in this field.
HER2 FISH in Breast Cancer<I> (2004)

The assessment of HER2/c-erbB-2/neu (hereafter HER2) gene amplification and protein expression has become one of the central debating points in current breast cancer diagnosis and biology. The debate around whom to test, when testing should be offered, and, most importantly, which method to use is represented at most current conferences where breast cancer pathology is under discussion.
Oral DNA Vaccination In Utero Induces Mucosal Immunity and Immune Memory in the Neonate (2002)

Infectious diseases are responsible for a significant number of deaths during the first weeks of life. Some of the salient pathogens include HSV, HIV, hepatitis B virus, group B streptococcus, Haemophilus sp., and Chlamydia sp. The vertical transmission of many of these pathogens significantly increases the risk of neonatal infection. We recently reported that oral DNA immunization in utero induced high serum Ab titers and cell-mediated immunity in fetal lambs. In this study, we demonstrate immune memory and mucosal immunity in newborn lambs following oral DNA immunization of the fetus. A single oral exposure in utero to plasmid DNA encoding a truncated form of glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus-1 induced detectable immune responses in 80% (12 of 15) of newborn lambs. There was no evidence for the induction of immune tolerance in nonresponding lambs. Responding lambs displayed both systemic and mucosal immune responses and reduced virus shedding following intranasal challenge. Furthermore, strong anamnestic responses were evident for at least 3 mo after birth. The efficacy of in utero oral DNA immunization was further demonstrated with the hepatitis B surface Ag, and protective serum Ab titers occurred in 75% of immunized lambs. Thus, the present investigation confirms that oral DNA immunization in utero can induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses in the neonate and that this immunity has the potential to prevent vertical disease transmission.
Adaptive Platform Trials to Transform Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Therapy Development (2021)

Current therapeutic development in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) relies on individual randomized clinical trials to test a specific investigational product in a single patient population. This approach has intrinsic limitations, including cost, time, and lack of flexibility. Adaptive platform trials represent a novel approach to investigate several interventions for a single disease in a continuous manner. Already in use in oncology, this approach is now being employed more often in neurology. Here, we describe a newly launched platform trial for ALS. The Healey ALS Platform Trial is testing multiple investigational products concurrently in people with ALS, with the goal of rapidly identifying novel treatments, biomarkers, and trial endpoints. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:165-175.
Active Cathode Copper Coated Powder for Improving Lithium Ion Battery Performances (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Blood Flow Dynamics after Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin in the RIF-1 Tumor (2003)

In the present study, the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin on tumor blood flow and tumor regrowth were compared as verteporfin distributed in different compartments within the RIF-1 tumor. Tissue distribution of verteporfin was examined by fluorescence microscopy, and blood flow measurements were taken with a laser Doppler system. It was found that, at 15 min after drug administration, when verteporfin was mainly confined within the vasculature, PDT induced a complete arrest of blood flow by 6 h after treatment. PDT treatment at a longer drug-light interval (3 h), which allowed the drug to diffuse to the tumor interstitium, caused significantly less flow decrease, only to 50% of the initial flow in 6 h. A histological study and Hoechst 33342 staining of functional tumor vasculature confirmed the primary vascular damage and the decrease in tumor perfusion. The regrowth rate of tumors treated with 15-min interval PDT was 64% of that of the control group. However, when tumors were treated with 3-h interval PDT, the regrowth rate was not significantly different from that of the control, indicating that only the 15-min interval PDT caused serious damage to the tumor vascular bed. These results support the hypothesis that temporal pharmacokinetic changes in the distribution of the photosensitizer between the tumor parenchyma and blood vessels can significantly alter the tumor target of PDT.
Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of the Lewis Y Carbohydrate Specific Humanized Antibody MB311 in Patients with Malignant Effusion (2014)

Purpose: Investigation of safety and tolerability as well as therapeutic efficacy of the LeY specific humanized mAb MB311 in cancer pts with malignant effusions in a Phase II clinical trial. Experimental Design: An openlabel, single treatment arm, uncontrolled study with MB311 (100 mg per dose, intravenous infusion on day 1 and 7) in pts with malignant effusion (ascites or pleural effusion) was conducted with the primary objective to examine safety and tolerability as well as pharmacokinetics. Secondary objectives were assessment of pharmacodynamics, volumetric measurement of the malignant effusion and obtaining data for several immunological parameters. Results: Five pts (2 pts with gastric cancer and malignant ascites, 3 pts with breast cancer and malignant pleural effusion/ascites) have completed the study. MB311 was well tolerated with only two pts showing the easily manageable side effects nausea, vomiting (up to grade 2) and one episode of skin rash (grade 2) after the first application. Data of 4 pts were available for evaluating immunologic results and efficacy. In all pts significant levels of MB311 could be detected in the systemic blood circulation and the effusion leading to increased infiltration of CD45 positive immune cells (4/5 pts) and resulting in a reduction of tumor cell counts as detected by immunocytochemistry of effusion samples in 3/5 pts). Most interestingly, the pt with the highest LeY positive tumor showed a significant reduction of effusion volume after treatment—this decrease was also evident for Her2/neu positive tumor cells which were dramatically reduced after MB311 treatment in this breast cancer pt. Conclusion: MB311 was well tolerated in patients with malignant effusions, permeated into malignant effusion and attracted immune cells leading to decreased tumor cell counts in the effusion. In the case of strong LeY expression of malignant cells in the effusion a pronounced decrease in LeY, EpCAM and Her2/neu positive tumor cells and a significant reduction of the effusion volume could be demonstrated.
Study on Energy Saving Potential of Radiant Cooling System in China (2012)

Combined system of radiant cooling and dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) has advantage in energy-saving and thermal comfort. In order to investigate the energy saving potential of the system under different climate conditions in China, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Xi’an were selected, where summer energy consumption of the combined system and fan coil + fresh air system in reference building was calculated with BIN method respectively. The results show that radiant cooling system has better performance in energy saving than fan coil system by saving of 12-16%. The system operation time and outdoor climate are main factors influencing energy saving effect.
A Problem Statement for Partly-Decoupled Signalling in NSIS (2006)

The NSIS working group is currently developing a protocol suite for
signalling which manipulates network state related to data flows. The
protocol design incorporates the constraint that the signalling
protocol will be processed on the nodes which also handle the data
flows themselves (path-coupled signalling). This document discusses
a particular deployment mode for GIST (the common lower layer of the
NSIS protocol suite) which relaxes this constraint, allowing the
signalling and data paths to be partially decoupled, without
sacrificing the integration with routing (e.g. sensitivity to route
changes) which is intrinsically provided by the baseline path- coupled
solution.
Synthesis of annulated pyridines as inhibitors of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) (2016)

A series of cyclopenta[c]pyridine aldosterone synthase (AS) inhibitors were conveniently accessed using batch or continuous flow Kondrat'eva reactions. Preparation of the analogous cyclohexa[c]pyridines led to the identification of a potent and more selective AS inhibitor. The structure-activity-relationship (SAR) in this new series was rationalized using binding mode models in the crystal structure of AS.
Simulated aerial sprays for field cage evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) against Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in Montana (2011)

Abstract Field efficacy of the entomopathogenic Ascomycetes Beauveria bassiana strain GHA and Metarhizium brunneum strain F52 was evaluated against nymphs of the Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex. Fungi were applied with a new apparatus that allows simulated aerial sprays to 0.1-m2 areas in the field. The Mormon crickets were then individually housed in cylindrical, metal hardware cloth cages on treated grass. Both fungi demonstrated only marginal success in reducing immature Mormon cricket survival in the field cages. After 28 days, the field mortality of insects, corrected for control deaths, was 28 and 45% for B. bassiana and M. brunneum, respectively. Field-exposed but laboratory-incubated insects, however, suffered 90–100% mortality within 12 days with initial deaths occurring on Day 6 (Beauveria) or Day 5 (Metarhizium), indicating a lethal rate was applied and acquired by the crickets in the field. Potential daily body temperatures were determined for the entire post-treatment observation period using special thermal surrogates. High ambient temperatures and/or thermoregulation by Mormon crickets, in excess of the upper thermal limits of both fungi, prevented higher mortality from being expressed in the field. Thermal surrogates were used to develop models for predicting onset of mortality from infections. The surrogate data indicated mortality should begin between 8 and 26 days after treatment with M. brunneum and 11 and 33 days after treatment with B. bassiana. The timing of mortality in field cages was consistent with the upper boundaries of the temporal models developed from the thermal surrogates, i.e., at or after 28 days after treatment.
The R eimer– T iemann Reaction (1982)

Abstract The Reimer–Tiemann reaction owes its name to two young German chemists, Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann. In 1876 they isolated and identified hydroxyaldehydes as the principal reaction products of phenol and chloroform in alkaline medium. The scope of this reaction was enlarged in 1884 by von Auwers, who discovered the chlorine‐containing cyclohexadienones as by‐products in the formylation of alkylphenols. The ring‐expansion products, namely, chloropyridines, were first noted by Ciamician when he subjected pyrroles to Reimer–Tiemann reaction conditions. Nearly half a century passed before Woodward recognized that the conversion of an alkylphenol to a substituted cyclohexadienone could lead to the synthesis of terpenes and steroids containing an angular methyl group. Although the method failed as a preparatively useful approach to the synthesis of steroids, an A/B trans ‐fused hexahydrophenanthrene was prepared using a Reimer–Tiemann reaction. The reaction was last reviewed some 20 years ago. It is convenient to divide the Reimer–Tiemann reaction into a normal and abnormal transformation depending on the reaction products. A normal Reimer–Tiemann reaction is one in which a phenol (or electron‐rich aromatic such as pyrrole) yields one or more aldehydes on treatment with chloroform and alkali. The abnormal Reimer–Tiemann reaction product can be subdivided further into cyclohexadienones and ring‐expansion products: When ortho ‐ or para ‐substituted phenols are subjected to the Reimer–Tiemann reaction conditions, 2,2‐ or 4,4‐disubstituted cyclohexadienones may be obtained in addition to the normal products. Several alkylphenols, alkylnaphthols, and tetralols have been converted into cyclohexadienones, whereas some alkylpyrroles are converted to pyrrolines in this manner. A variety of five‐membered rings yield ring‐expansion products when subjected to the Reimer–Tiemann reaction conditions. These products are formed in addition to the normal products. In addition to aromatic aldehydes, cyclohexadienones, pyrrolines, and ring‐expansion products, a variety of other products have been noted, isolated, and identified in a few cases. All these by‐products are discussed.
Figure S3 from Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Controls CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Activation and Antitumor Function (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of WT contaminant cells in CD4creHsp90b1flox/flox mice&lt;/p&gt;
Universal lossless source coding with the Burrows Wheeler transform (1999)

We here consider a theoretical evaluation of data compression algorithms based on the Burrows Wheeler transform (BWT). The main contributions include a variety of very simple new techniques for BWT-based universal lossless source coding on finite-memory sources and a set of new rate of convergence results for BWT-based source codes. The result is a theoretical validation and quantification of the earlier experimental observation that BWT-based lossless source codes give performance better than that of Ziv-Lempel-style codes and almost as good as that of prediction by partial mapping (PPM) algorithms.
N-Oleoyl Sarcosine as an Engine Oil Friction Modifier, Part 2: Elucidation of Friction-Reducing Mechanism at Room Temperature Focusing on Contribution of NOS in NOS+ZDDP Mixture (2022)

The tribological properties of a mixture of a commercial organic friction modifier, N-oleoyl sarcosine (NOS), and a commercial anti-wear additive, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), were investigated. The results suggest a synergistic effect between these two additives, resulting in a mixture that exhibited the lowest and most stable friction coefficient as well as the smallest wear area. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed to investigate the chemical composition of the tribo-films formed using this mixture. The results suggest that the tribo-films lacked S as well as PO43− species. They also suggest that ZDDP mitigates degradation of the NOS, and improve the tribo-film durability thus improving anti-wear/friction-reducing performance. These results elucidate the synergistic friction-reducing tribological mechanism of the NOS+ZDDP mixture.