gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical and numerical evaluation of electron-injection detector optimized for SWIR photon detection (2017)

Recent results from our electron-injection detectors as well as other heterojunction phototransistors with gain suggest that these devices are useful in many applications including medical imaging, light detection and ranging, and low-light level imaging. However, there are many parameters to optimize such structures. Earlier, we showed a good agreement between experimental results and our models. In this paper, we provide detailed analytical models for rise time, gain, and dark current that very accurately evaluate key parameters of the device. These show an excellent agreement with detailed three-dimensional numerical simulations. We also explore a figure of merit that is useful for low-light-detection applications. Based on this figure of merit, we examine the ultimate sensitivity of the device. Furthermore, we explore the effects of variations in some of the key parameters in the device design and present an optimum structure for the best figure of merit. Our models suggest ways to improve the existing devices that we have, and may be a guideline for similar phototransistors.
Talc Pleurodesis With Intense 18F-FDG Activity But No 68Ga-DOTA-TATE Activity on PET/CT (2015)

Talc pleurodesis (TP) is a technique, widely employed in the management of patients with persistent pleural effusions or pneumothoraces not amenable to other treatment options. It is well documented that talc deposits produce areas of highly increased F-FDG uptake, because of talc-induced inflammation. We present a case of a patient with history of TP who was evaluated with both F-FDG and Ga-DOTA-TATE. The hypermetabolic area seen on F-FDG-PET-CT in the region of talc placement showed no uptake by Ga-DOTA-TATE, suggesting the potential role of Ga-DOTA-TATE-PET-CT in elucidating F-FDG-postitive lesions in patients with history of both neuroendocrine malignancy and TP.
Physical Relationship Description for Cyber-Physical Multi-modal Sensory Environments (2016)

This paper presents Physical Representation Description (PRD), a method for representing the spatial relationship between sources of multimedia streams in physical environments. PRD is an extension for the most widely used video streaming standard DASH. DASH supports the delivery of multiple synchronized streams (e.g., video, audio and sensor data) from a server to multiple clients, however DASH does not provide information about how the multi-modal sensory sources were actually located relative to each other when the data was captured. PRD extends DASH streaming standard by describing how the sources of multi-modal sensory streams are located relative to each other in the physical environment. This enables DASH clients to understand how the scene was captured in a physical space, and use this information to (1) differentiate and prioritize sensory streams according to their physical location, (2) enhance viewing experience, and (3) assist in easier spatial mapping from physical to virtual cyber space and vice versa. In this paper we describe the need for PRD in an example application called CyPhy, representing a multi-modal sensory cyberphysical environment for tele-physiotherapy in patients' homes. We then describe PRD and show how it can improve DASH streaming standard in delivering enhanced viewing experience under different network, and viewing conditions using physical spatial information of sensory sources.
Ground-state depleted laser in neodymium-doped yttrium orthosilicate (1990)

A ground state depleted (GSD) 1,2 laser has been demonstrated in the form of a Q-switched oscillator operating at 912 nm. Using Nd 3+ as the active ion and Y2SiO5 as the host material, the laser transition is from the lowest lying stark level of the Nd 3+4 F 3/2 level to a stark level 355 cm -1 above the lowest lying one in the 4 I 9/2 manifold. The necessity of depleting the ground 4 I 9/2 manifold is evident for this level scheme as transparency requires a 10% inversion. To achieve the high excitation levels required for the efficient operation of this laser, bleach wave pumping using an alexandrite laser at 745 nm has been employed. The existence of a large absorption feature at 810 nm also allows for the possibility of A1GaAs laser diode pumping. Using KNbO 3 , noncritical phase matching is possible at 140°C using d 32 and has been demonstrated. The results of Q-switched laser performance and harmonic generation in KNbO 3 will be presented. Orthosilicate is a monoclinic biaxial crystal. An oriented spectroscopic evaluation consisting of a Judd-Ofelt analysis of oriented absorption spectra and the measurements of oriented emission spectra has been completed and will be presented. Results of modeling using these spectroscopically determined parameters will be compared with the actual laser performance. The performance of this laser at 911 nm which allows accessing Cs atomic resonance filters through harmonic doubling will also be discussed. Orthosilicate can be grown in large boules of excellent optical quality using a Czochralski technique. Because of the relatively small 912 nm emission cross section of 2-3 x 10 -20 cm 2 (orientation dependent) fluences of 10-20 J/cm 2 must be circulated in the laser cavity for the efficient extraction of stored energy. This necessitates very aggressive laser damage thresholds. Results from the Reptile laser damage facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will be presented showing Y 2 SiO 5 bulk and AR sol-gel coated surface damage thresholds of greater than 40 J/cm 2 for 10 nsec, 10 Hz, 1.06 μ pulses.
Rapid Photoactivated Hydrosilation Polymerization of Vinyldimethylsilane (1996)

The complex bis(acetylacetonato)platinum(II) is inactive in the dark but forms a highly reactive hydrosilation catalyst upon irradiation with near-UV light. Vinyldimethylsilane is polymerized with it. Poly[(dimethyl)vinylsilane] is the major product; minor components consist of the dimers 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-1,3-disilacyclopentane and 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-disilacyclohexane and oligomers. After photoactivation the catalyst remains reactive for an indefinite period of time with hydride and vinyl polymer end-groups, thus the molecular weight of the major product increased from 5500 g/mol (Mw) shortly after irradiation to 12300 g/mol in six months due to end-linking of polymer chains. Photoactivation of the catalyst and the subsequent step polymerization reaction are unaffected by dissolved air.
On the capacity of one-sided two user Gaussian fading broadcast channels (2008)

In this paper, we investigate upper and lower bounds on the capacity of two-user fading broadcast channels where one of the users has a constant (non-fading) channel. We use the Costa entropy power inequality (EPI) along with an optimization framework to derive upper bounds on the sum-capacity and superposition coding to obtain lower bounds on the sum-rate for this channel. For this fading broadcast channel where one channel is constant, we find that the upper and lower bounds meet under special cases, and in general, we show that the achievable sum-rate comes within a constant of the outer bound.
Low-Density Parity-Check Coding in Ultra-Wideband-Over-Fiber Systems (2011)

In this letter, the performance of an ultra-wideband (UWB)-over-fiber system with low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding is experimentally investigated and supported by a simulation study. The results show that short block length LDPC coding provides a coding gain between 5.75 and 8.5 dB for a code rate of 50% and 93.3%, respectively, compared to an uncoded UWB-over-fiber system at a bit-error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> after error correction.
Technische Lieferbedingungen fuer Boeden und Baustoffe fuer den Erdbau / Technical conditions of delivery for soils and construction materials for earthworks (2008)

Im Gegensatz zu anderen Bereichen des Strassenbaus fehlen fuer den Unterbau/Untergrund (Erdbau) von Strassen zurzeit noch eigene Technische Lieferbedingungen sowie die zugehoerige Gueteueberwachung. Diese Luecke soll durch die derzeit in Erarbeitung befindlichen Technischen Lieferbedingungen fuer Boeden und Baustoffe fuer den Erdbau im Strassenbau (TL BuB E-StB) geschlossen werden. Diese werden stoffspezifische, erdbautechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen an Boeden und Baustoffe, die zur Herstellung von Erdbauwerken verwendet werden, enthalten. In den TL BuB E-StB werden die Anforderungen an industrielle Nebenprodukte und Recycling-Baustoffe, die derzeit im Wesentlichen auf der Ebene von Merkblaettern beziehungsweise Hinweisen geregelt sind, zusammengefasst. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Compared to other fields in road construction possessing detailed technical guidelines, the regulations for the delivery of soils and building materials in earthwork construction and their quality control is not laid down so far. In order to close this gap, the Conditions of Delivery for Soils and Materials for Earthworks in Road Construction (TL BuB E-StB) are in process. For soils and building materials which are used for the building of earthwork constructions, these regulations will include demands on the specific material and the necessary earthwork attributes as well as environmental requirements. Summarized in the TL BuB E-StB are the demands and requirements for recycled materials and industrial by-products, which are regulated on the level of fact sheets or hint sheets until now. Furthermore, the new regulation also comprises the utilization of soils concerning to the environmental requirements which were not included in the regulations of road constructions up to now. Not implied are soils used for the purpose of mass balancing. For these soils, testing of environmental aspects is only necessary if required by the results of the geotechnical investigations according the German Additional Technical Conditions of Contract and Directives for Earthworks in Road Construction (ZTV E-StB). However, the delivery of soils for the use in earthwork constructions should be regulated officially. The TL BuB E-StB will close this gap. (A)
Dependence of spontaneous polarization on stacking sequence in SiC revealed by local Schottky barrier height variations over a partially formed 8H-SiC layer on a 4H-SiC substrate (2011)

Ballistic electron emission microscopy was used to measure the increase of local Schottky barrier (compared to the surrounding 4H-SiC area) over a partial 8H-SiC layer that is the surface-exposed tail of an 8H stacking fault inclusion extending from 4H substrate. This local increase is believed to be due to polarization charge induced at the interface of partial 8H layer and underlying 4H host, resulting from the spontaneous polarization (SP) difference between SiC regions with different bilayer stacking. This is a direct experimental probe of the dependence of SP in SiC on local stacking sequence by measuring carrier transport.
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) Habitat Associations in Agriculture Fields and along Canal Trails in Phoenix, Arizona (2014)

Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) have experienced significant population declines over the last 100 years in parts of the United States and Canada. This decline may be associated with increasing urbanization and land-cover change; however, owls can occupy urbanized environments. To determine habitat selection in the southeast valley of Phoenix, Arizona, we conducted visual surveys for owls during summer 2011 and measured microhabitat and landscape characteristics in 23 agricultural fields (fields) and along 15 canal right-of-ways (trails). We estimated occupancy rate and detectability using Program MARK. We identified microhabitat selection to relate owl occurrence to landscape variables. Occupancy rate was 32% in both fields and trails and owls had greater detectability along trails. Burrowing Owl occurrence was similar in fields with varying agricultural stages (from undisturbed to harvested) and moisture conditions. Owl occupancy was positively associated with soil type and canal water presence, and occupancy decreased when developed landscape cover (e.g., roads and buildings) increased. These findings suggest that Burrowing Owls are able to live in urbanized environments below 40% developed land cover provided that water and suitable soils are available.
A sustained dual drug delivery system for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020)

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a significant threat for vision recovery from retinal detachment or ocular trauma. Currently, no approved pharmacological intervention to prevent PVR. Daunorubicin (DNR) and dexamethasone (DEX) were sequentially loaded into oxidized porous silicon (pSiO<sub>2</sub>) particles by covalent conjugation. The DNR + DEX-loaded particles, and control particles loaded with DNR only and DEX only were incubated with RPE-populated collagen for daily gel surface quantitation. Toxicity was monitored by ophthalmic examinations and histological evaluation 21 days after injection. At 3rd week following intravitreal injection, a localized retinal detachment (RD) was created by subretinal injection of Healon in all pretreated eyes in addition to 3 non-interventional control eyes. 10 µg of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected into the vitreous 4 h before sacrifice on day 3 after RD induction. Retinal sections were stained for glial fibrillary green protein (GFAP) and BrdU to identify activated glial cells and retinal cell proliferation. The studies demonstrated that all three pSiO<sub>2</sub> particle types were well tolerated in vivo. DNR alone and DNR + DEX combination formulations demonstrated equally strong suppression on gel contraction (least square mean area of the gel: control = 1.71 vs. 30DNR = 1.85 or 30/40Dual = 1.83, <i>p</i> < .05). Eyes pretreated with pSiO<sub>2</sub>-DNR + DEX exhibited the least GFAP activation (least square mean intensity mm<sup>-2</sup>: Dual = 4.03, DNR = 7.76, Dex = 16.23, control = 29.11, <i>p</i> < .05) and BrdU expression (Mean number of BrdU positive cells per mm of retina: Dual = 2.77, DNR = 4.58, Dex = 4.01, control = 6.16, <i>p</i> < .05). The synergistic effect of a sustained release pSiO<sub>2</sub>-DNR/DEX showed promise for the prevention of PVR development while reducing the necessary therapeutic concentration of each drug.
Assessing the proper color of translucent materials by an extended two-flux model from measurements based on an integrating sphere (2017)

The optical and visual characterization of translucent materials according to their shape and thickness is still a challenge for scientific research due to the difficulty to describe and predict in a simple manner the angular and spectral distributions of the reflected and transmitted light. In this paper, the light reflection and transmission properties of slightly scattering polymer sheets stacked with each other are studied. The light that is regularly reflected and transmitted by the material, propagated without scattering, as well as the light which is scattered out of the regular directions, are predicted using only a few measurements from a commercial reflectance/transmittance spectrophotometer and an extended two-flux model of the radiative transfer. The proposed methodology, validated by experiments, can be applied by laboratories equipped with an integrating sphere device which is usually used in the context of strongly diffusing rather than translucent materials. A discussion states the potential and the limitations of the proposed methodology.
Nonacidic nitration of secondary amines (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonacidic nitration of secondary aminesJeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, and Clifford D. BedfordCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 11, 2292–2294Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00387a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00387a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurements of HF current propagation to low voltage grid through frequency converter (2007)

It is known that frequency converters generate both conducted and radiated noise that spreads out to the low-voltage distribution network and disturbs victim devices. Nowadays, it is also possible to utilize the low-voltage motor power cable between a frequency converter and an electric motor as a medium for data transmission. In this study, conducted noise propagation generated by the data transmission is measured and analyzed in the frequency-domain.
Optical Rheometry of Silk in Aqueous LiBr Solution (1997)

The rheo-optical response of solutions of silk in aqueous 9 M LiBr of concentrations ranging from 7.5 to 15 wt % was investigated. These samples were found to be birefringent under flow, with the steady state birefringence having a concentration scaling of c3.9. This scaling behavior suggests a wormlike conformation of the silk molecules in solution. The relaxation was fast, and Maxwellian behavior was observed at low shear rates. No dichroism was detected suggesting that electrostatic screening suppresses structure formation under shear.
HSD3B1 and Response to a Nonsteroidal CYP17A1 Inhibitor in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2017)

Inheritance of the HSD3B1 (1245C) variant allele, which is a predictive biomarker of resistance to castration, is also a predictive biomarker of sensitivity to extragonadal androgen ablation with a nonsteroidal CYP17A1 inhibitor. These findings signal a possible pathway of treatment stratification for patients with prostate cancer.
Speech Acquisition and Enhancement in a Reverberant, Cocktail-Party-Like Environment (2006)

Developing a successful multi-microphone speech acquisition system in a reverberant, cocktail-party-like environment is a very challenging problem since both interfering sources and reverberation need to be well controlled. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on blind SIMO identification. We first blindly identify the channels from the interfering sources to all the microphones. Then we extract the speech signal of interest. Finally speech dereverberation is performed using the MINT method. Simulations with acoustic impulse responses measured in the varechoic chamber at Bell Labs are carried out to verify the proposed algorithm.
Implementation of Ultraviolet Photodissociation on a Benchtop Q Exactive Mass Spectrometer and Its Application to Phosphoproteomics (2016)

Proteomics applications performed on the popular benchtop Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer have so far relied exclusively on higher collision-energy dissociation (HCD) fragmentation for peptide sequencing. While this fragmentation technique is applicable to a wide range of biological questions, it also has limitations, and all questions cannot be addressed equally well. Here, we demonstrate that the fragmentation capabilities of the Q Exactive mass spectrometer can be extended with ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) fragmentation, complete with synchronization triggering to make it compatible with liquid chromatography (LC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) workflows. We show that UVPD not only is directly compatible with LC/MS workflows but also, when combined with these workflows, can result in higher database scores and increased identification rates for complex samples as compared to HCD methods. UVPD as a fragmentation technique offers prompt, high-energy fragmentation, which can potentially lead to improved analyses of labile post-translational modifications. Techniques like HCD result in substantial amounts of modification losses, competing with fragmentation pathways that provide information-rich ion fragments. We investigate here the utility of UVPD for identification of phosphorylated peptides and find that UVPD fragmentation reduces the extent of labile modification loss by up to ∼60%. Collectively, when integrated into a complete workflow on the Q Exactive Orbitrap, UVPD provides distinct advantages to the analysis of post-translational modifications and is a powerful and complementary addition to the proteomic toolbox.
Coherent State Evolution in a Superconducting Qubit from Partial-Collapse Measurement (2006)

Measurement is one of the fundamental building blocks of quantum-information processing systems. Partial measurement, where full wavefunction collapse is not the only outcome, provides a detailed test of the measurement process. We introduce quantum-state tomography in a superconducting qubit that exhibits high-fidelity single-shot measurement. For the two probabilistic outcomes of partial measurement, we find either a full collapse or a coherent yet nonunitary evolution of the state. This latter behavior explicitly confirms modern quantum-measurement theory and may prove important for error-correction algorithms in quantum computation.
Correlation of random wavefields: An interdisciplinary review (2006)

Abstract This paper presents an interdisciplinary review of the correlation properties of random wavefields. We expose several important theoretical results of various fields, ranging from time reversal in acoustics to transport theory in condensed matter physics. Using numerical simulations, we introduce the correlation process in an intuitive manner. We establish a fruitful mapping between time reversal and correlation, which enables us to transpose many known results from acoustics to seismology. We show that the multiple-scattering formalism developed in condensed matter physics provides a rigorous basis to analyze the field correlations in disordered media. We discuss extensively the various factors controlling and affecting the retrieval of the Green's function of a complex medium from the correlation of either noise or coda. Acoustic imaging of complex samples in the laboratory and seismic tomography of geologic structures give a glimpse of the promising wide range of applications of the correlation method.