gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology and materials issues in semiconductor-based magnetoelectronics (2002)

There has been an increased interest in the introduction of magnetic thin films into semiconductors. This interest is motivated by the benefit found in using the magnetic thin-film properties (giant or tunnelling magnetoresistance and hysteresis) in magnetic memory (MRAM) products. Furthermore, the use of the electron spin in electronic, spintronic devices requires intimate ferromagnetic/semiconductor combinations. We review the technology and materials aspects of both the MRAM and spintronics fields that highlight the challenges that must be overcome in order to make magnetic (multilayer) films a standard ingredient in future electronics.
Indirect stress and air-cavity displacement measurement of MEMS tunable VCSELs via micro-Raman and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy (2022)

Abstract We employ micro-Raman spectroscopy to optically infer the stress experienced by the legs of a bridge-type microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) used in high contrast gratings tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). We then employ micro-photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to indirectly measure the air cavity displacement of the same MEMS structure. Results from micro-Raman showed that electrostatically actuating the MEMS with a DC bias configuration yields increasing residual stress on the endpoints of the MEMS with values reaching up to 0.8 GPa. We simulated a finite element model via Comsol Multiphysics which agrees with the trend we observed based on our micro-Raman data. Our micro-PL spectroscopy showed that change in the air cavity of the VCSEL structure resulted in a change in the full width of the PL peak emitted by the layer consisting of four pairs of distributed Bragg reflectors. The change in the full width of the PL peak was due to the change in the optical cavity induced by displacing the MEMS via externally applied bias and agrees with our transfer matrix convolution simulation. These optical characterization tools can be used for failure analysis, MEMS design improvements, and monitoring of MEMS tunable VCSEL devices for mass production and manufacturing.
Electron Collection as a Limit to Polymer:PCBM Solar Cell Efficiency: Effect of Blend Microstructure on Carrier Mobility and Device Performance in PTB7:PCBM (2014)

The poor photovoltaic performance of state‐of‐the‐art blends of poly[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl] (PTB7) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid (PCBM) at large active layer thicknesses is studied using space‐charge‐limited current mobility and photovoltaic device measurements. The poor performance is found to result from relatively low electron mobility. This is attributed to the low tendency of PTB7 to aggregate, which reduces the ability of the fullerene to form a connected network. Increasing the PCBM content 60–80 wt% increases electron mobility and accordingly improves performance for thicker devices, resulting in a fill factor ( FF ) close to 0.6 at 300 nm. The result confirms that by improving only the connectivity of the fullerene phase, efficient electron and hole collection is possible for 300 nm‐thick PTB7:PCBM devices. Furthermore, it is shown that solvent additive 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO), used in the highest efficiency PTB7:PCBM devices, does not improve the thickness dependence and, accordingly, does not lead to an increase in either hole or electron mobility or in the carrier lifetime. A key challenge for researchers is therefore to develop new methods to ensure connectivity in the fullerene phase in blends without relying on either a large excess of fullerene or strong aggregation of the polymer.
Mitigation of Phase Noise in Massive MIMO Systems: A Rate-Splitting\n Approach (2017)

This work encompasses Rate-Splitting (RS), providing significant benefits in\nmulti-user settings in the context of huge degrees of freedom promised by\nmassive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). However, the requirement of\nmassive MIMO for cost-efficient implementation makes them more prone to\nhardware imperfections such as phase noise (PN). As a result, we focus on a\nrealistic broadcast channel with a large number of antennas and hampered by the\nunavoidable PN. Moreover, we employ the RS transmission strategy, and we show\nits robustness against PN, since the sum-rate does not saturate at high\nsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although, the analytical results are obtained by\nmeans of the deterministic equivalent analysis, they coincide with simulation\nresults even for finite system dimensions.\n
Periodic Electric Field Enhancement Along Gold Rods with Nanogaps (2009)

A periodic dependence on the Au segment length is observed for the electric field at the nanogap of long-segment Au nanostructures. An optimized geometry of these platforms leads to an intense surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal at the nanogap (see picture). Information about molecular transport and vibrational spectra may therefore be simultaneously obtained. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of the binding of mosapramine to dopamine D3-receptors. (1995)

The affinity of mosapramine, an iminodibenzyl antipsychotic, to dopamine D3-receptors in rat brain was investigated by quantitative autoradiography of [3H]-7-OH-DPAT, a selective D3-ligand. Autoradiograms showed restricted distribution of [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding sites, with very high levels on the islands of Calleja (ICj), olfactory tubercle (Tu) and nucleus accumbens, while low but distinct labeling was observed in the molecular layer of lobule 10 of the cerebellum and caudate putamen (CPu). Binding of [3H]7-OH-DPAT completely disappeared when 1 microM dopamine was added, and it was reduced by the addition of mosapramine in a concentration-dependent manner. The displacing effect of mosapramine was more potent than that of haloperidol or clozapine in the brain regions examined. Mosapramine showed more potent affinity to receptors in Tu and ICj than those in CPu. On the other hand, haloperidol and clozapine did not show such regional differences. These results suggest that the high affinity of mosapramine to D3-receptors participates in, at least in part, the development of the clinical effects of mosapramine.
B-mode ultrasound common carotid artery intima-media thickness and external diameter: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with carotid atherosclerosis in a large population sample (2019)

Abstract: Background: Arterial diameter and intima-media thickness (IMT) enlargement may each be related to the atherosclerotic process. Their separate or combined enlargement may indicate different arterial phenotypes with different atherosclerosis risk. Methods: We investigated cross-sectional (baseline 1987–89: n = 7956) and prospective (median follow-up = 5.9 years: n = 4845) associations between baseline right common carotid artery (RCCA) external diameter and IMT with existing and incident carotid atherosclerotic lesions detected by B-mode ultrasound in any right or left carotid segments. Logistic regression models (unadjusted, adjusted for IMT, or adjusted for IMT and risk factors) were used to relate baseline diameter to existing carotid lesions while comparably adjusted parametric survival models assessed baseline diameter associations with carotid atherosclerosis progression (incident carotid lesions). Four baseline arterial phenotypes were categorized as having 1) neither IMT nor diameter enlarged (reference), 2) isolated IMT thickening, 3) isolated diameter enlargement, and 4) enlargement of both IMT and diameter. The association between these phenotypes and progression to definitive carotid atherosclerotic lesions was assessed over the follow-up period. Results: Each standard deviation increment of baseline RCCA diameter was associated with increasing carotid lesion prevalence (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47–1.62) and with progression of carotid atherosclerosis (unadjusted hazards ratio (HR) = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.28–1.46); and the associations remained significant even after adjustment for IMT and risk factors (prevalence OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04–1.18; progression HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03–1.19). Controlling for gender, age and race, persons with both RCCA IMT and diameter in the upper 50th percentiles had the greatest risk of progressing to clearly defined carotid atherosclerotic lesions (all HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.47–2.0; men HR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.48– 2.39; women HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.31–1.95) while RCCA IMT or diameter alone in the upper 50th percentile produced significantly lower estimated risks. Conclusion: RCCA IMT and external diameter provide partially overlapping information relating to carotid atherosclerotic lesions. More importantly, the RCCA phenotype of coexistent wall thickening with external diameter enlargement indicates higher atherosclerotic risk than isolated wall thickening or diameter enlargement.
Al-2.100 Pitch (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
MMP-20 Is Predominately a Tooth-Specific Enzyme with a Deep Catalytic Pocket that Hydrolyzes Type V Collagen † (2020)

Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20, enamelysin) has a highly restricted pattern of expression. In healthy tissues, MMP-20 is observed in the enamel organ and pulp organ of developing teeth and is present only as an activated enzyme. To identify other tissues that may express MMP-20, we performed a systematic mouse tissue expression screen. Among the non-tooth tissues assayed, MMP-20 transcripts were only identified in minute quantities within the large intestine. The murine Mmp20 promoter was cloned, sequenced and assessed for potential tooth-specific regulatory elements. In silico analysis identified four promoter modules that were common to Mmp20 and at least two of three co-regulated predominantly tooth-specific genes that encode ameloblastin, amelogenin, and enamelin. We asked if the highly restricted MMP-20 expression pattern was associated with a broad substrate specificity that might preclude its expression in other tissues. An iterative mixture-based random doedecamer peptide library screen with Edman sequencing of MMP-20 cleavage products revealed that, among MMPs previously screened, MMP-20 had unique substrate preferences. These preferences indicate that MMP-20 has a deep and wide catalytic pocket that can accommodate substrates with large aromatic residues in the P1′ position. Based on matrices derived from the peptide library data, we identified and then confirmed that Type V collagen is an MMP-20 substrate. Since Type V collagen is not present in dental enamel but is an otherwise widely distributed collagen, and since only active MMP-20 has been observed in teeth, our data suggests that control of MMP-20 activity is primarily regulated by transcriptional means.
Mechanisms of response and resistance to combined decitabine and ipilimumab for advanced myeloid disease (2023)

The challenge of eradicating leukemia in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after initial cytoreduction has motivated modern efforts to combine synergistic active modalities including immunotherapy. Recently, the ETCTN/CTEP 10026 study tested the combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine together with the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab for AML/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) either after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or in the HSCT-naïve setting. Integrative transcriptome-based analysis of 304 961 individual marrow-infiltrating cells for 18 of 48 subjects treated on study revealed the strong association of response with a high baseline ratio of T to AML cells. Clinical responses were predominantly driven by decitabine-induced cytoreduction. Evidence of immune activation was only apparent after ipilimumab exposure, which altered CD4+ T-cell gene expression, in line with ongoing T-cell differentiation and increased frequency of marrow-infiltrating regulatory T cells. For post-HSCT samples, relapse could be attributed to insufficient clearing of malignant clones in progenitor cell populations. In contrast to AML/MDS bone marrow, the transcriptomes of leukemia cutis samples from patients with durable remission after ipilimumab monotherapy showed evidence of increased infiltration with antigen-experienced resident memory T cells and higher expression of CTLA-4 and FOXP3. Altogether, activity of combined decitabine and ipilimumab is impacted by cellular expression states within the microenvironmental niche of leukemic cells. The inadequate elimination of leukemic progenitors mandates urgent development of novel approaches for targeting these cell populations to generate long-lasting responses. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02890329.
Study of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Mesoporous Platinum (2010)

H(1) mesoporous platinum surfaces formed by electrodeposition from lyotropic liquid crystalline templates have high electroactive surface areas (up to 60 m(2) g(-1)) provided by the concave surface within their narrow (≈2 nm diameter) pores. In this respect, they are fundamentally different from the flat surfaces of ordinary Pt electrodes or the convex surfaces of high-surface-area Pt nanoparticles. Cyclic voltammetry of H(1) mesoporous Pt films in acid solution is identical to that for polycrystalline Pt, suggesting that the surfaces of the pores are made up of low-index Pt faces. In contrast, CO stripping voltammetry on H(1) mesoporous Pt is significantly different from the corresponding voltammetry on polycrystalline Pt and shows a clear prewave for CO oxidation and the oxidation CO at lower overpotential. These differences in CO stripping are related to the presence of trough sites where the low-index Pt faces that make up the concave surface of the pore walls meet.
Sensor Arrangement for Classification of Life Activities with Pyroelectric Sensors - Arrangement to Save Sensors and to Quasi-Maximize Classification Precision (2011)

This paper deals with the sensor arrangement for activity classification systems with a group of pyroelectric sensors to realize a system with high classification performance using as few sensors as possible. It targets the people living alone. We convert this discrete optimization problem, which means whether or not the system select a sensor position candidate, to continuous, convex, and sparse optimization problem, and solve it efficiently by extended multi-class LPBoost via column generation. For some examinations, we showed the advantage of this algorithm. We also confirmed the significance of automatic arrangement system by comparing the arrangement obtained by this algorithm with the arrangement obtained by human judge.
DSIF modulates RNA polymerase II occupancy according to template G + C content (2022)

The DSIF complex comprising the Supt4h and Supt5h transcription elongation proteins clamps RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) onto DNA templates, facilitating polymerase processivity. Lowering DSIF components can differentially decrease expression of alleles containing nucleotide repeat expansions, suggesting that RNAPII transit through repeat expansions is dependent on DSIF functions. To globally identify sequence features that affect dependence of the polymerase on DSIF in human cells, we used ultra-deep ChIP-seq analysis and RNA-seq to investigate and quantify the genome-wide effects of Supt4h loss on template occupancy and transcript production. Our results indicate that RNAPII dependence on Supt4h varies according to G + C content. Effects of DSIF knockdown were prominent during transcription of sequences high in G + C but minimal for sequences low in G + C and were particularly evident for G + C-rich segments of long genes. Reanalysis of previously published ChIP-seq data obtained from mouse cells showed similar effects of template G + C composition on Supt5h actions. Our evidence that DSIF dependency varies globally in different template regions according to template sequence composition suggests that G + C content may have a role in the selectivity of Supt4h knockdown and Supt5h knockdown during transcription of gene alleles containing expansions of G + C-rich repeats.
Cell Trafficking of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Tumor Progression (2013)

Blood vessel formation plays an essential role in many physiologic and pathologic processes, including normal tissue growth and healing, as well as tumor progression. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are a subtype of stem cells with high proliferative potential that are capable of differentiating into mature endothelial cells, thus contributing to neovascularization in tumors. In response to tumor-secreted cytokines, EPCs mobilize from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood, home to the tumor site, and differentiate to mature endothelial cells and secrete proangiogenic factors to facilitate vascularization of tumors. In this review, we summarize the expression of surface markers, cytokines, receptors, adhesion molecules, proteases, and cell signaling mechanisms involved in the different steps (mobilization, homing, and differentiation) of EPC trafficking from the bone marrow to the tumor site. Understanding the biologic mechanisms of EPC cell trafficking opens a window for new therapeutic targets in cancer.
Surface Modification of Water Purification Membranes (2019)

The only methods to increase water supply beyond what is available from the hydrological cycle are desalination and water reuse. Of particular relevance for water purification are micro- and ultrafiltration membranes with a porous barrier enabling separation of particles mainly based on size, and nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes with a dense barrier layer where transport and selectivity are mainly based on solubility and diffusivity in/through the barrier. Membrane coating refers to a variety of post-modification techniques leading to the formation of one of several layer(s) on top of an existing membrane surface without the creation of covalent bonds. Grafting is a surface modification technique involving the chemical attachment of compounds to the membrane surface. Combining plasma treatment with graft polymerization allows avoiding the progressive loss of surface characteristics after plasma modification. Membrane surface modification by plasma-induced graft polymerization has been successfully used to functionalize membranes made of various polymers such as polysulfone and polycarbonate.
On Constrained Cell Load Coupling With Applications in LTE Networks (2014)

For LTE networks, the levels of resource consumption of the cells, a.k.a. cell load factors, are coupled with each other in a non-linear manner. We establish theoretical and algorithmic results for the constrained load-coupling model. Our focus is on solution existence, i.e., whether or not a network configuration is able to support the traffic demand within the resource limit. We provide theoretical characterizations and concepts for determining feasibility. The concepts are illustrated for maximum demand scaling. Empirical insights are gained via a heterogeneous LTE network scenario.
Reactive Matrices; Metal Atom Chemistry and Surface Chemistry: Dinickel Monethylene, Ni2(C2H4) (1978)

Abstract Using cryochemical manipulation of Ni atom reactions with ethylene‐argon mixtures at 15–20K and from examination of the vibrational and electronic spectra we have identified Ni 2 (C 2 H 4 ) m (where m = 1,2) in the presence of Ni(C 2 H 4 ) m (where m = 1,2,3). These results suggest strongly that the ethylene moiety is complexed to the chemical site in a π‐complexed manner, probably in association with only one of the Ni atoms. Some evidence for the formation of Ni x (C 2 H 4 ) y with x &gt; 3 is presented. – To further characterize the Ni 2 (C 2 H 4 ) complex GVB and CI calculations were carried out on Ni(C 2 H 4 ) and Ni 2 (C 2 H 4 ) in π‐coordinate geometry. For both complexes the ethylene geometry is found to be only weakly perturbed, with R (CC) = 1.32 Å and R (NiC) = 2.07 Å. The CH bonds are found to bend only 2° out of the ethylene molecular plane. There is a slight increase in ethylene‐Ni binding energy upon coordination of the second Ni atom, from 14.2 kcal for Ni(C 2 H 4 ) to 16.8 kcal for Ni 2 (C 2 H 4 ). The experimental and theoretical results are discussed with reference to the problem of chemisorption of ethylene on bulk nickel.
Development of patterned sapphire substrate and the application to the growth of non-polar and semi-polar GaN for light-emitting diodes (2011)

The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with high external quantum efficiency (EQE) are usually fabricated on the patterned sapphire substrate (PSS). The PSS reduces the dislocation density in the GaN layer and enhances the light extraction efficiency (LEE) from the LED chip by scattering the light confined in GaN layer attributed to the critical angle between GaN (n=2.4) and sapphire substrate (n=1.7) (or air (n=1.0)). On the other hand, non-polar GaN and semipolar GaN are attracted much attention to eliminate the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE). Recently, we have developed novel technology to grow non-polar or semi-polar GaN on the PSS with high quality and large diameter by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). For example, m-plane GaN grown on a-plane PSS and {112 (see manuscript)} plane GaN grown on r-plane PSS. The growth of c-plane GaN from the c-plane-like sidewall of the r-plane PSS results in {112 (see manuscript)} GaN on the r-plane PSS. The full widths at half maximum of X-ray rocking curves (FWHM-XRC) of the {112(see manuscript)} GaN along the azimuths parallel and perpendicular to the c-direction were 533 and 260 arcsec, respectively. Dislocation density of the GaN was approximately 2&times;10<sup>8</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. These non-polar and semi-polar GaN are expected to be suitable for novel GaN substrate or GaN template for LEDs.
Two cases of Y; autosome translocations: A 45, X male and a clinically trisomy 18 patient (1994)

We report on 2 cases of Y; autosome translocations. One is a male with normal external genitalia and 45,X karyotype without evidence of mosaicism or apparent translocation on cytogenetic analysis. In situ hybridization showed that the euchromatic portion of the Y-chromosome is translocated to the chromosome 15. The other case is a clinically trisomy 18 male patient, with modal number of 46, a small metacentric marker with appearance of an i(18p) and cytogenetic and molecular evidence of Y;18 translocation. The occurrence of Y;18 translocation associated with clinical signs of trisomy 18 is reported here for the first time.