gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-Automatic Image Annotation. (2001)

: A novel approach to semi-automatically and progressively annotating images with keywords is presented. The progressive annotation process is embedded in the course of integrated keyword-based and content-based image retrieval and user feedback. When the user submits a keyword query and then provides relevance feedback, the search keywords are automatically added to the images that receive positive feedback and can then facilitate keyword-based image retrieval in the future. The coverage and quality of image annotation in such a database system is improved progressively as the cycle of search and feedback increases. The strategy of semi-automatic image annotation is better than manual annotation in terms of efficiency and better than automatic annotation in terms of accuracy. A performance study is presented which shows that high annotation coverage can be achieved with this approach, and a preliminary user study is described showing that users view annotations as important and will l...
Multiscale image processing using normal triangulated meshes (2002)

Multiresolution triangulation meshes are widely used in computer graphics for 3D modeling of shapes. We propose an image representation and processing framework using a multiscale triangulation of the grayscale function. Triangles have the potential of approximating edges better than the blocky structures of tensor-product wavelets. Among the many possible triangulation schemes, normal meshes are natural for efficiently representing singularities in image data, thanks to their adaptivity to the smoothness of the modeled image. Our non-linear, multiscale image decomposition algorithm, based on this subdivision scheme, takes edges into account in a way that is closely related to wedgelets and curvelets. The highly adaptive property of the normal mesh construction provides a very efficient representation of images, which potentially outperforms standard wavelet transforms. We demonstrate the approximation performance of the normal mesh representation through mathematical analyses for simple functions and simulations for real images.
Low temperature metal bonding for 3D and power device packaging (2014)

Low temperature copper-copper direct bonding at ambient air on plain and patterned surfaces was developed at CEA LETI. In this paper we will review this bonding in terms of simulation models, process technology, electrical characterization and reliability. Wafer to wafer, die to wafer and self-assembly will be analyzed.
Supporting Interpersonal Interaction during Collaborative Mobile Search (2014)

O-SNAP is a mobile application that explicitly supports in-person collaborative search by enabling users to physically signal their willingness to share and by facilitating face-to-face search-related communication. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/AKoITuxB9BY is a video in which author Meredith Ringel Morris discusses scenarios that can prompt collaborative information seeking.
Technical Review of Characterization Methods for Thermal Interface Materials (TIM) (2008)

There is a need for standard TIM characterization technique for notebook specific applications. The current standard method, ASTM D5470 tester neglects the usage conditions encountered in mobile specific applications. In addition, characterizing "Beginning of Life" performance of TIMs is not sufficient as performance can degrade with usage. This paper emphasizes the importance of considering TIM degradation in mobile applications. Varior TIM characterization approaches prevalent in industry are discussed in this paper. There is also wide disparity in testing methodologies used across industry to evaluate its performance maps with usage. A set of characterization techniques for better TIM evaluation practices are suggested.
Free energy profiles for sodium cation adsorption on a metal electrode (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree energy profiles for sodium cation adsorption on a metal electrodeTooru Matsui and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9, 3220–3226Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00035a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00035a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Optimization Over Time: Problem Difficulties and Benchmark Problems (2014)

The focus of most research in evolutionary dynamic optimization has been tracking moving optimum (TMO). Yet, TMO does not capture all the characteristics of real-world dynamic optimization problems (DOPs), especially in situations where a solution's future fitness has to be considered. To account for a solution's future fitness explicitly, we propose to find robust solutions to DOPs, which are formulated as the robust optimization over time (ROOT) problem. In this paper we analyze two robustness definitions in ROOT and then develop two types of benchmark problems for the two robustness definitions in ROOT, respectively. The two types of benchmark problems are motivated by the inappropriateness of existing DOP benchmarks for the study of ROOT. Additionally, we evaluate four representative methods from the literature on our proposed ROOT benchmarks, in order to gain a better understanding of ROOT problems and their relationship to more popular TMO problems. The experimental results are analyzed, which show the strengths and weaknesses of different methods in solving ROOT problems with different dynamics. In particular, the real challenges of ROOT problems have been revealed for the first time by the experimental results on our proposed ROOT benchmarks.
True Confessions of an Experimentalist (2003)

THE TRAINING OF AN EXPERIMENTALIST This paper first discusses elements of the basic training of experimentalists. It then proceeds to material that is usually removed by vigilant editors when included in technical manuscripts for publication, e.g. what happens when hypotheses fail, the difference between research and testing, large vs. small experiments, experiments vs. computations, experiments done for the wrong reasons, how to love lab equipment that hates you, written and oral communication of the experimental results, dealing with research sponsors, and keeping a laboratory notebook.
Stretchable copper interconnects with three-dimensional coiled structures (2013)

We propose a new scheme of stretchable metal interconnects utilizing the electroplated three-dimensional (3D) coil structure, as a strategy for improving the stretching performance of spring-like electrodes through the suppression of local stress concentration. In this process, the 3D copper coils are fabricated by a multi-step electroplating process, and embedded within an elastomeric substrate forming stretchable configuration. By comparing the stretching behavior of the two-dimensional and 3D coils under static or cyclic deformation, the beneficial effects of the 3D configuration have been demonstrated. The present technique can be regarded as an effective way to enhance the stability of interconnects under cyclic deformation significantly, while maintaining the high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of electroplated electrodes.
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation (2015)

Over the years, the ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA) has become established as the leading conference for Computer Animation. In order to further increase the impact of this 14th edition of SCA, and to promote meaningful discussions that may shape future research directions for our field, we have expanded the program considerably. Most notably, we have created the Words of Wisdom session, which will gather renowned researchers in the field to dispense hard-learned advice, as well as the VFX panel, which will bring academia and industry together in identifying relevant research challenges. We have also invited 3 keynote speakers, two of which are from outside the graphics community. Finally, when building the Technical Papers and Posters sessions, we have prioritized originality and creativity.
Inheritance of hull pubescence and seed color in annual canarygrass (2003)

The availability of glabrous-hulled annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) cultivars with yellow seed color may pave the way for developing this species into a food crop. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of hull pubescence and seed color in annual canarygrass. A gametocide was applied to plants at Zadoks Growth Stage 42 to induce male sterility. CDC Maria, a glabrous-hulled and brown-seeded cultivar, was crossed with six pubescent-hulled, brownseeded annual canarygrass accessions and with CY193, a pubescent-hulled and yellow-seeded breeding line. In mono-hybrid crosses, segregation ratios of F 2 populations were not significantly different from the phenotypic ratios of 3 pubescent-hulled: 1 glabrous-hulled for hull pubescence and 3 brown seeded: 1 yellow seeded for seed color. In the di-hybrid cross, a phenotypic ratio of 9 pubescent-hulled/brown seeded: 3 pubescent-hulled/yellow seeded: 3 glabrous-hulled/brown seeded: 1 glabrous-hulled/yellow seeded was observed. Glabrous-hulled and yellow seeded traits are each controlled by single recessive genes that segregate independently in annual canarygrass. Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, inheritance, hull pubescence, seed color
Controlled Filament Non-Local Discharge (CFND) for Laser Pumping (2008)

A new Controlled Filament Non-local Discharge (CFND) is being developed for low E/N discharge pumping of lasers such as the electric discharge oxygen-iodine laser (ElectricOIL). ElectricOIL typically employs the afterglow in the normal pulsed glow discharge due to the requirement of a low electron temperature for increased laser efficiency. The basic concept behind the CFND is to use micro-protrusions on the cathode surface to produce a multi-filament discharge. The filaments represent highly non-equilibrium beam-like electrons embedded in the discharge. This in turn provides control over the volume discharge E/N, which for the production of O2 (1Δ) (Singlet Delta Oxygen, termed SDO) is set to ~10−16 Vcm2. However, his ratio can be varied over a modest range for other process applications such as ozone production.
A Metalloproteinase Karilysin Present in the Majority of Tannerella forsythia Isolates Inhibits All Pathways of the Complement System (2012)

Tannerella forsythia is a poorly studied pathogen despite being one of the main causes of periodontitis, which is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth. We found that despite being recognized by all complement pathways, T. forsythia is resistant to killing by human complement, which is present at up to 70% of serum concentration in gingival crevicular fluid. Incubation of human serum with karilysin, a metalloproteinase of T. forsythia, resulted in a decrease in bactericidal activity of the serum. T. forsythia strains expressing karilysin at higher levels were more resistant than low-expressing strains. Furthermore, the low-expressing strain was significantly more opsonized with activated complement factor 3 and membrane attack complex from serum compared with the other strains. The high-expressing strain was more resistant to killing in human blood. The protective effect of karilysin against serum bactericidal activity was attributable to its ability to inhibit complement at several stages. The classical and lectin complement pathways were inhibited because of the efficient degradation of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and C4 by karilysin, whereas inhibition of the terminal pathway was caused by degradation of C5. Interestingly, karilysin was able to release biologically active C5a peptide in human plasma and induce migration of neutrophils. Importantly, we detected the karilysin gene in >90% of gingival crevicular fluid samples containing T. forsythia obtained from patients with periodontitis. Taken together, the newly characterized karilysin appears to be an important virulence factor of T. forsythia and might have several important implications for immune evasion.
Master curve synthesis by effective viscoelastic plastic material modeling (2016)

Finite Element Simulations of highly integrated and large electronics packages with detailed elastic-plastic material modeling of thousands of solder balls are still challenging tasks for today's computation systems. The complex geometry and mesh and the usage of time consuming creep laws for solder materials makes it nearly impossible to calculate different geometries or process parameters. This paper describes a method to reduce the complexity of the mesh in the region of the solder balls and surrounding underfill with one simple block physically described as a viscoelastic material. Therefore a viscoelastic/plastic behavior of a complex unit cell was modeled in a temperature dependent harmonic frequency sweep or relaxation simulation. The reaction of the unit cell was utilized to synthesize the master curve, Prony coefficients and shift function to an effective material model. Finally an error estimation of the unit cell approach was carried out. Therefore a reliability simulation was modeled replacing the solder balls and the surrounding underfill by the effective material. A flip chip on FR4 model with underfill was used to benchmark the effective material model approach against detailed models without any complexity reduction. The results show that the introduced effective material approach can be used to cut down computation time significantly without losing accuracy in life time prediction.
Numerical investigation of sustained planar detonation waves in a periodic domain (2018)

International audience
Study on Non-Thermal Ablation Process of Silica Glass Using Laser Plasma Soft X-rays toward Nanomachining (2009)

In this research, we examined process of silica ablation using laser plasma soft X-rays. We observed ionic and neutral species emitted from silica surfaces by irradiation with laser plasma soft X-rays. We mainly detected atomic species such as O+, Si+ and Si neutrals. Kinetic energies of detected ions are much higher than that of thermally evaporated atoms. There is an ablation threshold Fth at 60 mJ/cm2, and ablation rate R obeys a law R = 1/αln (F/Fth) beyond the threshold, where α is an effective absorption coefficient of 9.0×105 cm-1. The energy of laser plasma soft X-rays absorbed in silica surface at the threshold can be estimated to be 55 kJ/cm3, which is comparable with the binding energy of SiO2 of 76 kJ/cm3. These results suggest that the most of the bonds in silica glass are broken by absorption of soft X-ray, that several percent of the atoms are ionized, and that repulsive ions are emitted together with neutral atoms. The process enables us to fabricate nano structures.
Investigation of Fungal Deterioration of Synthetic Paint Binders Using Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques (2005)

The deterioration of synthetic polymers caused by biological process is usually evaluated by visual inspection and measuring physical effects. In contrast to this approach, we have applied vibrational spectroscopies to study the biodegradation of the synthetic resins. 29 synthetic resins used as paint binding media, including acrylic, alkyd and poly(vinyl acetate) polymers, were examined for potential susceptibility to fungal degradation using the standard method ASTM G21-96(2002). In addition, the degraded resins were analysed by Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR and FT-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy. Almost all the acrylic resins studied proved to be resistant to microbial attack, while all alkyd resins and some poly(vinyl acetates) turned out to be biodegradable. Within a few days of inoculation Aspergillus niger was the most copious fungus on the biodegraded resins. A comparison of the IR and Raman spectra of control and biodegraded resins did not show any differences, but photoacoustic spectroscopy revealed additional bands for the fungal-degraded resins, consistent with the presence of fungal-derived substances. The additional bands in the photoacoustic spectra were due to the presence of Aspergillus niger and melanin, a fungal pigment. Since IR photoacoustic spectroscopy can be also a suitable technique for the chemical characterisation of binding media, the same spectroscopic analysis can be employed to both characterise the material and obtain evidence for fungal colonization. Microbial growth on Sobral 1241ML (alkyd resin) after 28 d (growth rating 4) compared with the non-inoculated resin.
Additional figure 5, Etherington and Monaghan (2014)

Genome-wide SNP density plots for bak1-5 mob2. All SNPs with allele frequencies &gt;75% are plotted in grey, while candidate causative SNPs (defined as those causing non-synonymous changes in gene-coding regions) are plotted in red.
The use of FTA cards for transport and detection of gyr A mutation of Campylobacter jejuni from poultry (2016)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a technique involving the use of commercially available FTA classic card (Whatman) for transporting and detection of DNA to use in PCR analysis and genetic sequencing of Campylobacter jejuni of poultry origin. Fifty isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were obtained from broiler carcasses in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to ciprofloxacin revealed that all 50 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Each isolate was transferred to Brucella broth tubes and incubated overnight at 41.5°C. Cell cultures were diluted to match a McFarland Turbidity Standard 0.5, and 110 μL of the cell suspension were applied to one circle on Whatman FTA classic cards. The samples were then covered and allowed to dry at room temperature. Cards were identified and stored at room temperature until further use (3 mo after collection). FTA cards were shipped for analysis to the Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas. Amplification of the Campylobacter gyrA gene was successful and demonstrated strong bands for a large amplicon for all 50 samples preserved on FTA cards. Mutations present in each gene were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Then, 7 samples were chosen for the sequencing. The detection of a mutation regarding ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates revealed that 7 samples had a mutation in the gyrA gene. In conclusion, the characteristics of the profiles suggest that the DNA has maintained its integrity after 3 mo of storage at room temperature and is a suitable template for PCR and sequencing from Campylobacter samples. The application of this technology has potential in numerous methodologies, especially when working in remote areas and in developing countries where access to laboratory facilities and equipment is limited.
Suppression of third-order harmonics in two-tone signals using cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators (2014)

We investigate a technique to suppress undesired third-order harmonics of two-tone lightwave signals using cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators. Third-order harmonics, which determines the signal-to-noise ratio and side-mode suppression ratio, are dominant spurious components in two-tone lightwave signals. We were able to improve the linearity of modulator and demonstrated 14 dB suppression of third-order harmonics at 10 GHz with the technique.
Two probabilistic results on rectilinear Steiner trees (1986)

In recent years, researchers have proven many theorems of the following form: given N points distributed uniformly at random on the unit square, the length of the shortest spanning tree (rectilinear Steiner tree, traveling salesman tour, or some other functional) on these N points is, with probability one, asymptotic to flV~ for some constant fl (which is presumably different for different ~nctionals). Though these theorems are well understood, very little is known about the constants ft. In this paper we prove that the constants in the cases of rectilinear spanning tree and rectilinear Steiner tree do, indeed, differ. This proof is constructive in the sense that we give a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm that produces a Steiner tree of expected length some fraction shorter than a minimum spanning tree. We continue the analysis to prove a second result: the expected value of the minimum number of Steiner points in a shortest rectilinear Steiner tree grows linearly with N.