gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Factors Associated with Water Intake among Adolescents with Kidney Stone Disease (2018)

Unawareness of water volume consumed and low responsiveness to perceived need to drink more were associated with low water intake. Interventions that help adolescents recognize when and identify how to increase water intake may be effective in decreasing stone recurrence.
Demonstration and Optimization of a Drive Laser for an X-Band Photoinjector (2009)

Recently, a drive laser for an S-band (2.86 GHz) rf photoinjector, designed to provide a pulse that has a flat temporal and spatial profile, has been built, commissioned, and put into service as part of the LLNL Compton-scattering monoenergetic γ-ray source program. This laser is based on an all-fiber oscillator and front-end amplification system, and provides both the laser light to generate the electrons as well as the rf signal that is amplified to accelerate them. Now, a new 11.424 GHz photoinjector is being developed, which has required a revised design for the laser system. The higher frequency has placed more stringent requirements on the synchronization stability, delivered pulse length, and pulse rise times to maintain the desired emittance. Presented here are the overall design and measured performance of the current system and a discussion of what changes are being made to address observed shortcomings and more demanding requirements to make the system ready for the next-generation Compton-scattering monoenergetic γ-ray source.
Comment on “Examination of Spinel and Nonspinel Structural Models for γ-Al2O3by DFT and Rietveld Refinement Simulations” (2006)

International audience
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and the risk of breast cancer: A nationwide cohort study (2015)

The results imply that intrauterine administration of levonorgestrel is not only related to an excess risk of lobular breast cancer but also, in contrary to previous assumptions, to an excess risk of ductal breast cancer.
Subjective assessment of H.264/AVC video for low-bitrate multimedia messaging services (2005)

In this work we investigate the performance of the H.264/AVC video coding standard for low bit rate mobile multimedia messaging services (MMS). We focus on the appropriate selection of the quantization parameter and the temporal resolution. For this purpose, a psychovisual experiment has been designed. It is revealed that only limited set of parameter values is necessary to span almost the entire range of quality levels. In general quantization parameters of 34 frame rates of 10 fps and bit rates below 64 kbit/s are sufficient to provide good quality. Sports sequences ask for slightly higher frame rate, 15 fps is sufficient. To provide sufficient quality, quantization parameters below 40 and frame rates below 5 fps should definitely not be used.
Experimental Validation and Deployment of Observability Applications for Monitoring of Low-Voltage Distribution Grids (2021)

Future distribution grids will be subjected to fluctuations in voltages and power flows due to the presence of renewable sources with intermittent power generation. The advanced smart metering infrastructure (AMI) enables the distribution system operators (DSOs) to measure and analyze electrical quantities such as voltages, currents and power at each customer connection point. Various smart grid applications can make use of the AMI data either in offline or close to real-time mode to assess the grid voltage conditions and estimate losses in the lines/cables. The outputs of these applications can enable DSOs to take corrective action and make a proper plan for grid upgrades. In this paper, the process of development and deployment of applications for improving the observability of distributions grids is described, which consists of the novel deployment framework that encompasses the proposition of data collection, communication to the servers, data storage, and data visualization. This paper discussed the development of two observability applications for grid monitoring and loss calculation, their validation in a laboratory setup, and their field deployment. A representative distribution grid in Denmark is chosen for the study using an OPAL-RT real-time simulator. The results of the experimental studies show that the proposed applications have high accuracy in estimating grid voltage magnitudes and active energy losses. Further, the field deployment of the applications prove that DSOs can gain insightful information about their grids and use them for planning purposes.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Review (2014)

The aim of this article is to evaluate current literature on investigation and management of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), propose recommendations for diagnosis and management, and explore novel future treatments. TON, though uncommon, causes substantial visual loss. Without clear guidelines, there is much ambiguity regarding its diagnosis and management. Investigation and treatment (conservative, medical, surgical, and combined) vary widely between centers. Electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PROSPERO, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched for content that matched "Traumatic optic neuropathy." Articles with abstracts and full text available, published in the past 10 years, written English and limited to human adults, were selected. All study designs were acceptable except case reports and case series with fewer 10 patients. All abstracts were then evaluated for relevance. References of these studies were evaluated and if also relevant, included. A total of 2,686 articles were retrieved and 43 examined for relevance. Of these, 23 articles were included. TON is a clinical diagnosis. Visual-evoked potential is useful in diagnosis and prognosis. Computed tomography demonstrates canal fractures and concomitant injuries. Magnetic resonance images should be reserved for select and stable patients. Conservative treatment is appropriate in mild TON. Steroids are of questionable benefit and may be harmful. Surgery should be reserved for patients with radiological evidence of compression and individualized.
Structure–Property Relationship of Pyridine‐Containing Triphenyl Benzene Electron‐Transport Materials for Highly Efficient Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs (2009)

Abstract Three triphenyl benzene derivatives of 1,3,5‐tri( m ‐pyrid‐2‐yl‐phenyl)benzene (Tm2PyPB), 1,3,5‐tri( m ‐pyrid‐3‐yl‐phenyl)benzene (Tm3PyPB) and 1,3,5‐tri( m ‐pyrid‐4‐yl‐phenyl)benzene (Tm4PyPB), containing pyridine rings at the periphery, are developed as electron‐transport and hole/exciton‐blocking materials for iridium(III) bis(4,6‐(di‐fluorophenyl)pyridinato‐ N , C 2′ )picolinate (FIrpic)‐based blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices. Their highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels decrease as the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring moves from position 2 to 3 and 4; this is supported by both experimental results and density functional theory calculations, and gives improved electron‐injection and hole‐blocking properties. They exhibit a high electron mobility of 10 −4 –10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and a high triplet energy level of 2.75 eV. Confinement of FIrpic triplet excitons is strongly dependent on the nitrogen atom position of the pyridine ring. The second exponential decay component in the transient photoluminescence decays of Firpic‐doped films also decreases when the position of the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring changes. Reduced driving voltages are obtained when the nitrogen atom position changes because of improved electron injection as a result of the reduced LUMO level, but a better carrier balance is achieved for the Tm3PyPB‐based device. An external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 93% of maximum EQE was achieved for the Tm4PyPB‐based device at an illumination‐relevant luminance of 1000 cd m −2 , indicating reduced efficiency roll‐off due to better confinement of FIrpic triplet excitons by Tm4PyPB in contrast to Tm2PyPB and Tm3PyPB.
Dynamic microcompartmentalization of giant unilamellar vesicles by sol–gel transition and temperature induced shrinking/swelling of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (2007)

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were microinjected with aqueous solutions of poly(-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm). Temperature-dependent sol-gel phase transitions of the solutions, followed by shrinking and swelling of the resulting hydrogel, were studied in the presence of a variety of co-solutes within the GUV. Reversible formation of a dense, spherical hydrogel structure (compartment) was observed in all cases with defined shrinking/swelling behaviour at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs). Nanotube-mediated merging of two vesicles with thus formed compartments resulted in a single GUV with two internalized hydrogel structures. As an application example, we demonstrate how fluorescent nanoparticles can be immobilized in such gel structures.
Three-Dimensionally Patterned Cardiomyocytes with High Activity for Powering Bio-Hybrid Microdevices (2005)

We have demonstrated a simple method for patterning cardiac muscle cells with high activity on a micron scale for powering bio-hybrid microdevices. The morphology and mobility of patterned cardiac muscle cells within micro wells were analyzed with different topographical heights of the barrier. We found that three-dimensionally grown cardiac cells mediated by a higher physical barrier generated higher contraction force with faster beating frequency than those of cells attached to the collagen-coated surface on the culture dish (control), suggesting that control over cell growth and shape would be critical for potential engineered cellular motors. Thus, the micro patterned cardiac muscle cells presented here would provide a primary platform for building up 3-D bioactuated microdevices including an engineered cell motor.
Thickness Induced Morphology Changes in Lamellar Diblock Copolymer Ultrathin Films (1997)

We have investigated the morphology of lamellar polystyrene-polymethylmetha cry late diblock copolymers in the ultrathin-film limit, spin-cast and annealed on silicon nitride substrates. Our experiments show evidence for a morphology change from lamellar domains parallel to the substrate to perpendicular domains that appears to be unique to a thickness of one lamellar repeat spacing and low annealing temperatures. We find that in these ultrathin films phase separation occurs well before thickness quantization, suggesting effective confinement as a possible mechanism. A model for the free energy of this system is developed which takes into account termination (capping) of the perpendicular lamellae inside the film and at its top surface.
Identification of intergeneric and synthetic spring wheat lines with resistance to Fusarium head blight (2004)

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease in many cereal crops worldwide, as it can drastically reduce both yield and quality in infected crops. Resistance to FHB is therefore a desirable trait for incorporation into new wheat cultivars. Wild relatives are a source of new genetic variation and have been shown to enhance disease resistance when hybridized with wheat. This research has focused on evaluating intergeneric and interspecific wheat lines for resistance to FHB. Intergeneric hybrids of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Agropyron repens syn. Elytrigia repens, and synthetic wheat lines produced at CIMMYT, were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for resistance to FHB caused by Fusarium graminearum. Approximately 35% of the intergeneric lines and 15% of the synthetic lines consistently displayed moderate to high levels of Type II resistance. Pollen staining was conducted to determine the fertility levels of the intergeneric lines. 79% of the F3 lines and 72% of the F5 and F6 lines displayed fertility levels above 75%. Control cultivars displayed fertility levels ranging from 88-94%. Generally, lines that rated as moderately to highly resistant were also highly fertile. These lines could be of significant value in wheat breeding programs aimed at integrating new sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight.
Effect of Powder Processing and Sintering Conditions on the Microstructural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Reticulated Zinc Oxide Ceramic Foams (2023)

Ceramic foams are made of zinc oxide using different amounts of Sb 2 O 3 and Bi 2 O 3 as sintering aids. The effect of a ball milling processing of the starting powders and the sintering temperature on the microstructure and the properties of the ZnO foams is investigated. The focus is set on the evolution of the secondary phases formed within the microstructure of ZnO. A determining effect is identified in the amount of an Al 2 O 3 impurity which is introduced by abrasion of the milling vessels during ball milling. Alumina is partially dissolved in a spinel α–Zn 7 Sb 2 O 12 secondary phase which is stabilized by a reduction of the unit cell volume. Remaining Al 2 O 3 is incorporated into zinc oxide under formation of a defect wurtzite phase. The phase evolution is a complex function of the content of sintering aids, the Al 2 O 3 impurity level and the sintering temperature. The shrinkage during sintering and the porosity evolution are correlated to the phase composition within the ZnO material. The thermal conductivity and the compressive strength of the foams are determined, normalized with respect to their porosity, and correlated to the microstructure and phase composition of the ZnO strut material.
Mechanism of Action of Cyclosporin A (1984)

Previous studies have shown that cyclosporin A (CyA) prevents the elaboration of the lymphokine leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). Since LIF production is interleukin 1 (IL-1)-dependent, we carried out experiments using partially and highly purified IL-1 preparations to study the effect of CyA. We found that (a) IL-1 was consistently depleted during a 1-h incubation with human blood T lymphocytes but not with B lymphocytes or erythrocytes; (b) the depletion could not be ascribed to pinocytosis, cell functions requiring active metabolism, or enzyme-mediated destruction of IL-1; (c) CyA, but not biologically inactive cyclosporin, antagonized the apparent absorption of IL-1; (d) T cells pre-exposed to CyA were rendered incapable of removing the monokine; and (e) CyA was capable of displacing IL-1 once absorbed by T cells. Because the putative binding of IL-1 showed saturability, reversibility (with CyA as a probe), and tissue specificity consistent with a known target for the monokine, we propose that IL-1 interacts with a receptor-like structure on T cells. Finally, we found that insulin interfered with the function of CyA at the very early macrophage-T-cell co-operative stage, even at physiological concentrations.
Generation of a high-affinity Fc receptor by Ig-domain swapping between human CD64A and CD16A (2010)

A recombinant soluble version of the human high-affinity receptor for IgG, rh-FcgammaRIA or CD64A, was expressed in mammalian cells and purified from their conditioned media. As assessed by circular dichroism, size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering, incubation of rh-FcgammaRIA at 37 degrees C resulted in time-dependent formation of soluble aggregates caused by protein unfolding and loss of native structure. Aggregate formation was irreversible, temperature-dependent and was independent of rh-FcgammaRIA concentration. Aggregated rh-FcgammaRIA lost its ability to inhibit immune complex precipitation and failed to bind to IgG-Sepharose. Addition of human IgG1 to rh-FcgammaRIA prior to incubation at 37 degrees C blocked the formation of rh-FcgammaRIA aggregates. Production of soluble monomeric rh-FcgammaRIA was limited by aggregate formation during cell culture. Substitution of the membrane distal D1 Ig domain of FcgammaRIA with the D1 Ig domain of FcgammaRIIIA or CD16A resulted in a chimeric receptor, FcgammaR3A1A, with enhanced temperature stability. Relative to native rh-FcgammaRIA, FcgammaR3A1A exhibited less aggregation in Chinese hamster ovary cell-conditioned media or when purified receptor was incubated for up to 24 h at 37 degrees C. Both receptors bound to immobilized human IgG1 with high affinity and were equipotent at blockade of immune complex-mediated cytokine production from cultured mast cells. Equivalent dose-dependent reductions in edema and neutrophil infiltration in the cutaneous Arthus reaction in mice were noted for rh-FcgammaRIA and FcgammaR3A1A. These data demonstrate that the D1 Ig domains of FcgammaRIA and FcgammaRIIIA are functionally interchangeable and further suggest that the chimeric receptor FcgammaR3A1A is an effective inhibitor of type III hypersensitivity in mice.
Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2017)

The replacement of current petroleum-based plastics with sustainable alternatives is a crucial but formidable challenge for the modern society. Catalysis presents an enabling tool to facilitate the development of sustainable polymers. This review provides a system-level analysis of sustainable polymers and outlines key criteria with respect to the feedstocks the polymers are derived from, the manner in which the polymers are generated, and the end-of-use options. Specifically, we define sustainable polymers as a class of materials that are derived from renewable feedstocks and exhibit closed-loop life cycles. Among potential candidates, aliphatic polyesters and polycarbonates are promising materials due to their renewable resources and excellent biodegradability. The development of renewable monomers, the versatile synthetic routes to convert these monomers to polyesters and polycarbonate, and the different end-of-use options for these polymers are critically reviewed, with a focus on recent advances in catalytic transformations that lower the technological barriers for developing more sustainable replacements for petroleum-based plastics.
SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, INTERFACES, AND SURFACES Infrared Spectroscopy of Bonded Silicon Wafers (2006)

Infrared spectra of multiple frustrated total internal reflection and transmission for silicon wafers obtained by direct bonding in a wide temperature range (200-1100 ° C) are studied. Properties of the silicon oxide layer buried at the interface are investigated in relation to the annealing temperature. It is shown that the thickness of the SiO 2 layer increases from 4.5 to 6.0 nm as the annealing temperature is increased. An analysis of the optical-phonon frequencies showed that stresses in the SiO 2 relax as the annealing temperature is increased. A variation in the character of chemical bonds at the interface between silicon wafers bonded at a relatively low temperature (20-400 ° C) is studied in relation to the chemical treatment of the wafers' surface prior to bonding. Models of the process of low-temperature bonding after various treatments for chemical acti- vation of the surface are suggested.
Next-generation immersion scanner optimizing on-product performance for 7nm node (2016)

The semiconductor technology roadmap suggests that multiple patterning techniques will be used at the 7nm node. The final lithography accuracy is determined by what is known as the "on-product" performance, which includes projection lens heating, illumination condition variations, product wafer related errors, and long term stability. It is evident that on product performance improvement is imperative now, and will become even more crucial in coming years. Nikon has developed the next-generation lithography system focusing on optimizing the main factors impacting on product performance. In this paper, we will introduce the details of the next-generation Nikon scanner and provide supporting performance data.
High-power coherent beam combination of semiconductor laser arrays (2008)

We have coherently combined a total power of 7.2 W CW using an individually addressable 10-element-array of 980-nm slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers (SCOWLs). The robust, passive phase-locking is accomplished using a fractional Talbot external cavity.
Chronic Opioid Use Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty (2011)

Patients who chronically use opioid medications prior to total knee arthroplasty may be at a substantially greater risk for complications and painful prolonged recoveries. Alternative non-opioid pain medications and/or earlier referral to an orthopaedic surgeon prior to habitual opioid use should be considered for patients with painful degenerative disease of the knee.
Leakage Zone Identification in Large-Scale Water Distribution Systems Using Multiclass Support Vector Machines (2016)

This paper presents a new method for identifying leakage zones of water distribution systems. A large water network is first divided into a number of zones. The zone number is used as the category label of the multiclass support vector machine (M-SVM), which is trained with the data set generated by simulation of the possible leakages using a hydraulic model. The trained M-SVM is used as the leakage zone identification model and applied to determine the likely leakage zones with the observed field data. Two case studies are presented in this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The results indicate that this method has many unique advantages in solving the nonlinear and high-dimensional pattern recognition problem with a small sample data set. Together with the method of pressure-dependent leakage detection (PDLD), the proposed approach enables engineers to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of leakage detection for large water distribution systems.