gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Temperature Control in Laser-Based Manufacturing (2020)

Abstract Temperature control is essential for regulating material properties in laser-based manufacturing. Motion and power of the scanning laser affect local temperature evolution, which in turn determines the a posteriori microstructure. This paper addresses the problem of adjusting the laser speed and power to achieve the desired values of key process parameters: cooling rate and melt pool size. The dynamics of a scanning laser system is modeled by a one-dimensional (1D) heat conduction equation, with laser power as the heat input and heat dissipation to the ambient. Since the model is 1D, length and size are essentially the same. We pose the problem as a regulation problem in the (moving) laser frame. The first step is to obtain the steady-state temperature distribution and the corresponding input based on the desired cooling rate and melt pool size. The controller adjusts the input around the steady-state feedforward based on the deviation of the measured temperature field from the steady-state distribution. We show that with suitably defined outputs, the system is strictly passive from the laser motion and power. To avoid over-reliance on the model, the steady-state laser speed and power are adaptively updated, resulting in an integral-like update law for the feedforward. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient to the ambient may be uncertain, and can also be adaptively updated. The final form of the control law combines passive error temperature field feedback with adaptive feedforward and parameter estimation. The closed-loop asymptotical stability is shown using the Lyapunov arguments, and the controller performance is demonstrated in a simulation.
Influenza response planning for the centers of excellence for influenza research and surveillance: Science preparedness for enhancing global health security (2020)

The CEIRS IRP highlights the importance of enhancing science preparedness in advance of an influenza pandemic or other influenza-related zoonotic incident to ensure that research can be carried out expeditiously and effectively in emergency situations and to improve global health security.
AFM–IR: Combining Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy for Nanoscale Chemical Characterization (2012)

Polymer and life science applications of a technique that combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to obtain nanoscale IR spectra and images are reviewed. The AFM-IR spectra generated from this technique contain the same information with respect to molecular structure as conventional IR spectroscopy measurements, allowing significant leverage of existing expertise in IR spectroscopy. The AFM-IR technique can be used to acquire IR absorption spectra and absorption images with spatial resolution on the 50 to 100 nm scale, versus the scale of many micrometers or more for conventional IR spectroscopy. In the life sciences, experiments have demonstrated the capacity to perform chemical spectroscopy at the sub-cellular level. Specifically, the AFM-IR technique provides a label-free method for mapping IR-absorbing species in biological materials. On the polymer side, AFM-IR was used to map the IR absorption properties of polymer blends, multilayer films, thin films for active devices such as organic photovoltaics, microdomains in a semicrystalline polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, as well as model pharmaceutical blend systems. The ability to obtain spatially resolved IR spectra as well as high-resolution chemical images collected at specific IR wavenumbers was demonstrated. Complementary measurements mapping variations in sample stiffness were also obtained by tracking changes in the cantilever contact resonance frequency. Finally, it was shown that by taking advantage of the ability to arbitrarily control the polarization direction of the IR excitation laser, it is possible to obtain important information regarding molecular orientation in electrospun nanofibers.
Flexibilized Copolyimide Adhesives (1987)

Two copolyimides, LARC-STPI and STPI-LARC-2, with flexible backbones were processed and characterized as adhesives. The processability and adhesive properties were compared to those of a commercially available form of LARC-TPI. Lap shear specimens were fabricated using adhesive tape prepared from each of the three polymers. Lap shear tests were performed at room temperature, 177 C, and 204 C before and after exposure to water-boil and to thermal aging at 204 C for up to 1000 hours. The three adhesive systems possess exceptional lap shear strengths at room temperature and elevated temperatures both before and after thermal exposure. LARC-STPI, because of its high glass transition temperature provided high lap shear strengths up to 260 C. After water-boil, LARC-TPI exhibited the highest lap shear strengths at room temperature and 177 C, whereas the LARC-STPI retained a higher percentage of its original strength when tested at 204 C. These flexible thermoplastic copolyimides show considerable potential as adhesives based on this study and because of the ease of preparation with low cost, commercially available materials.
Clinical Experience Using Cortoss for Treating Vertebral Compression Fractures With Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty (2010)

These studies indicate Cortoss is safe and effective in treating osteoporotic VCF using vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Pain relief and restoration of function with Cortoss is comparable to results found in the literature for polymethylmethacrylate.
Two beam interferometric inscription of UV femtosecond fiber Bragg gratings (2009)

The inscription of fiber Bragg gratings with femtosecond laser radiation gives access to a wide range of new materials beyond conventional UV-photosensitive and special hydrogen loaded materials. Typically, infrared wavelengths have been used until now for femtosecond Bragg grating inscription. The use of UV femtosecond laser radiation gives more direct access to two-photon absorption in materials with high band-gaps and could achieve gratings with high spatial resolution. The refractive index modulation process for UV femtosecond pulses is then obtained as a combination of classical color center absorption and high intensity structural modification. Besides the choice of the inscription laser wavelength, also the inscription method is of great practical importance for the grating properties. The most commonly used phase mask technique suffers from mask degradation effects in case of high intensity laser pulses and gives only limited flexibility in variation of the Bragg reflection wavelengths. We have therefore investigated the use of an interferometric technique in combination with UV femtosecond laser pulses. The relevant parameters of spatial and temporal coherence have been considered and the wavelength tuning and reflection properties have been tested for several different types of fibers.
How Neural Plasticity Boosts Performance of Spiking Neural Networks. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Regionally Specified Human Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from the Mesencephalon and Forebrain Undergo Increased Neurogenesis Following Overexpression of ASCL1 (2008)

Human neural progenitor cells (hNPC) derived from the developing brain can be expanded in culture and subsequently differentiated into neurons and glia. They provide an interesting source of tissue for both modeling brain development and developing future cellular replacement therapies. It is becoming clear that hNPC are regionally and temporally specified depending on which brain region they were isolated from and its developmental stage. We show here that hNPC derived from the developing cortex (hNPC(CTX)) and ventral midbrain (hNPC(VM)) have similar morphological characteristics and express the progenitor cell marker nestin. However, hNPC(CTX) cultures were highly proliferative and produced large numbers of neurons, whereas hNPC(VM) divided slowly and produced fewer neurons but more astrocytes. Microarray analysis revealed a similar expression pattern for some stemness markers between the two growing cultures, overlaid with a regionally specific profile that identified some important differentially expressed neurogenic transcription factors. By overexpressing one of these, the transcription factor ASCL1, we were able to regain neurogenesis from hNPC(VM) cultures, which produced larger neurons with more neurites than hNPC(CTX) but no fully mature dopamine neurons. Thus, hNPC are regionally specified and can be induced to undergo neurogenesis following genetic manipulation. Although this restores neuronal production with a region-specific phenotype, it does not restore full neurochemical maturation, which may require additional factors.
Enhancement of the ultraviolet absorption and Raman efficiencies of a few nanometer thick Si-on-insulator (2012)

We show that a 3–7 nm thick Si-on-insulator (SOI) film displays UV absorption and Raman enhancement compared to bulk Si at a proper thickness of the buried oxide layer between the film and Si substrate. Experiment shows ∼fivefold SOI Raman enhancement for 3–4 nm thick films while theory predicts enhancement up to a factor of ∼20 for 2 nm thick SOI. This discrepancy is attributed to non-uniformity of SOI thickness.
Robust trapping and manipulation of airborne particles with a bottle beam (2011)

We demonstrate that micron-sized light-absorbing particles can be trapped and transported photophoretically in air using an optical bottle formed inside the focal volume of a lens with a controlled amount of spherical aberration. This optical fiber-based single beam trap can be used in numerous applications where true 3D manipulation and delivery of airborne micro-objects is required.
Immune checkpoint blockade reprograms systemic immune landscape and tumor microenvironment in obesity-associated breast cancer (2021)

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes in some cancers. A major limitation of ICB is that most patients fail to respond, which is partly attributable to immunosuppression. Obesity appears to improve immune checkpoint therapies in some cancers, but impacts on breast cancer (BC) remain unknown. In lean and obese mice, tumor progression and immune reprogramming were quantified in BC tumors treated with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) or control. Obesity augments tumor incidence and progression. Anti-PD-1 induces regression in lean mice and potently abrogates progression in obese mice. BC primes systemic immunity to be highly responsive to obesity, leading to greater immunosuppression, which may explain greater anti-PD-1 efficacy. Anti-PD-1 significantly reinvigorates antitumor immunity despite persistent obesity. Laminin subunit beta-2 (Lamb2), downregulated by anti-PD-1, significantly predicts patient survival. Lastly, a microbial signature associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy is identified. Thus, anti-PD-1 is highly efficacious in obese mice by reinvigorating durable antitumor immunity. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
XETAL-II: A 107 GOPS, 600mW Massively-Parallel Processor for Video Scene Analysis (2007)

Xetal-II is a SIMD processor with 320 processing elements delivering a peak performance of 107 GOPS on 16b data while dissipating 600mW. A 10Mb on-chip memory can store up to 4 VGA frames allowing efficient implementation of frame-iterative algorithms. A massively parallel interconnect provides an internal bandwidth of more than 1.3Tb/s to sustain the peak-performance. The 74mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> IC is fabricated in 90nm CMOS.
N-Glucosides of Fairy Chemicals, 2-Azahypoxanthine and 2-Aza-8-oxohypoxanthine, in Rice (2017)

Plant growth stimulators, 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX) and 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH), were isolated from the fairy-ring-forming fungus, Lepista sordida, and AHX-treated rice, respectively. Further metabolites of AHX were detected in AHX-treated rice by HPLC, and the metabolites 1-4 were isolated from the rice. The structures of 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic analysis and synthesis. Compounds 1-4 exhibited no significant activity against rice, indicating that rice regulates the activity of AHX and AOH by converting them into their glucosides.
Optimal design of LCL harmonic filters for three-phase PFC rectifiers (2011)

Inductive components such as line filter inductors or transformers occupy a significant amount of space in today's power electronic systems, and furthermore, considerable losses occur in these components. A main application of filter inductors are EMI filters, as e.g. employed for the attenuation of switching frequency harmonics of PFC rectifier systems. In this paper a design procedure for the mains side LCL filter of an active three-phase rectifier is introduced. The procedure is based on a generic optimization approach, which guarantees a low volume and/or low losses. Different designs are calculated to show the trade-off between filter volume and filter losses. The design procedure is verified by experimental measurements.
Vascular Deformation Mapping for CT Surveillance of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth (2021)

Background: Aortic diameter measurements in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) suffer from significant measurement variability and are unable to quantify aortic growth in a comprehensive, three-dimensional manner. Purpose: To develop and validate a technique for quantification of 3D growth based on deformable image registration in a cohort of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Materials &amp; Methods: We retrospectively identified a cohort of 50 patients with ascending and descending TAA with ≥2 computed tomography angiography (CTA) studies between 2006-2020; 12 patients were excluded yielding 38 patients (68 surveillance intervals) for analysis. 3D aortic growth was quantified using Vascular Deformation Mapping (VDM), a technique that uses deformable image registration to warp an aortic mesh constructed from baseline anatomy, with growth quantified as the ratio of change in surface area at each triangular mesh element (Area Ratio). Manual segmentations were performed by independent raters to assess inter-rater reproducibility. Registration error was assessed using manually placed landmarks. Agreement between VDM and diameter measurements was assess using Pearson’s correlation and Cohen’s kappa. Results: Average age was 69.0 ± 9.3 years, and the majority were female (n=21, 55%) with aneurysm of the ascending aorta (n=26, 69%). VDM was technically successful in 35/38 (89%) patients and 58/68 intervals (85%). Median registration error was 0.77 mm (IQR: 0.54-1.10 mm). Inter-rater agreement was high for aortic segmentation (Dice= 0.97 ± 0.02) and VDM-derived Area Ratio (bias= 0.0, limits of agreement: -0.03 to 0.03). There was strong agreement (r=0.85, p&lt;0.001) between peak Area Ratio values and diameter change. VDM detected areas of growth outside of the maximally dilated segment in 6/14 (36%) patients with growth, none of which were detected by diameter assessment. Conclusion: VDM is a novel technique for reliable and comprehensive quantitative assessment of 3D aortic growth and growth patterns in TAA patients undergoing imaging surveillance.
Bioactive Compounds in Food as a Current Therapeutic Approach to Maintain a Healthy Intestinal Epithelium (2021)

The intestinal epithelium serves as an effective barrier against the external environment, hampering the passage of potentially harmful substances (such as pathogenic microbes) that could trigger an exacerbated host immune response. The integrity of this barrier is thus essential for the maintenance of proper intestinal homeostasis and efficient protective reactions against chemical and microbial challenges. The principal consequence of intestinal barrier defects is an increase in intestinal permeability, which leads to an increased influx of luminal stressors, such as pathogens, toxins, and allergens, which in turn trigger inflammation and immune response. The fine and fragile balance of intestinal homeostasis can be altered by multiple factors that regulate barrier function, many of which are poorly understood. This review will address the role of gut microbiota as well as food supplements (such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics) in modulating gut health and regulating intestinal barrier function. In particular, we will focus on three human pathologies: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and food allergy.
Rapid Identification of Buprenorphine in Patient Saliva (2017)

Buprenorphine is becoming the medication of choice to help patients withdraw from opioid addiction. However, treatment is compromised by the inability of physicians to assess patient usage during scheduled examinations. Here we describe the development of a point-of-care (POC) analyzer that can rapidly measure both illicit and treatment drugs in patient saliva, ideally in the physician's office, and with a degree of accuracy similar to chromatography. The analyzer employs a relatively simple supported liquid extraction to isolate the drugs from the saliva and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect the drugs. The SERS-based POC analyzer was used to identify buprenorphine and opioids in saliva samples by matching library spectra to samples collected from 7 veterans. The total analysis time, including sample preparation, was ~25 minutes. Buprenorphine concentration was estimated between 0 and 3 μg/mL. While no other prescription opioids were detected in any samples, heroin was identified in one sample; Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was detected in 3 samples; and acetaminophen, caffeine, and nicotine were detected in several samples, none of which interfered with the measurements. The analysis was in very good agreement with urinalysis, correctly identifying the presence or absence of buprenorphine and THC in 13 of 14 measurements.
Toward An Affordable Commercial Fuel Cell (LBNL Summer Lecture Series) (2003)

Steve Visco, a materials scientist, has come up with a solid oxide fuel cell that promises to generate electricity as cheaply as the most efficient gas turbine engine. But there's a lot more work to do before commercially viable fuel cells and pollution-free power generators become reality.
États originaux de la lumière par structuration 3D de l’émission D’un laser à Métasurface (2021)

La génération d’états de photon cohérents puissants dans le proche-IR et THz, présentant une structuration 3D spatio-temporelle, représente un défi physique et technologique. Elle est d’intérêt pour les applications : pinces optiques, capteurs, microscopie, LIDAR, télécoms, spectroscopie… Ces états originaux sont ici générés en exploitant les nanotechnologies à semi-conducteur III-V et les lasers à cavité externe verticale intégrant une métasurface : lumière VORTEX, bi-fréquences pour le THz, ou sans mode.
The mechanism of micropipe nucleation at inclusions in silicon carbide (1999)

A model is presented for a possible mechanism of screw dislocation (including micropipe) nucleation in silicon carbide. The model is based on the observation of micropipe nucleation at the sites of foreign material inclusions using synchrotron white beam x-ray topography and transmission optical microscopy. It is shown that incorporation of the inclusion into the growing crystal can lead to deformation of the protruding ledge which constitutes the overgrowing layer. Accommodation of this deformation into the crystal lattice leads to the production of pairs of opposite sign screw dislocations which then propagate with the growing crystal. Evidence for the existence of such pairs of dislocations is presented.
TNN (tenascin N) (2011)

Review on TNN (tenascin N), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.
Combination of searches for Higgs boson pairs in pp collisions at s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector (2019)

This letter presents a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production using up to 36.1 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The combination is performed using six analyses searching for Higgs boson pairs decaying into
Self-Organization of the Escherichia coli Chemotaxis Network Imaged with Super-Resolution Light Microscopy (2009)

The Escherichia coli chemotaxis network is a model system for biological signal processing. In E. coli, transmembrane receptors responsible for signal transduction assemble into large clusters containing several thousand proteins. These sensory clusters have been observed at cell poles and future division sites. Despite extensive study, it remains unclear how chemotaxis clusters form, what controls cluster size and density, and how the cellular location of clusters is robustly maintained in growing and dividing cells. Here, we use photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) to map the cellular locations of three proteins central to bacterial chemotaxis (the Tar receptor, CheY, and CheW) with a precision of 15 nm. We find that cluster sizes are approximately exponentially distributed, with no characteristic cluster size. One-third of Tar receptors are part of smaller lateral clusters and not of the large polar clusters. Analysis of the relative cellular locations of 1.1 million individual proteins (from 326 cells) suggests that clusters form via stochastic self-assembly. The super-resolution PALM maps of E. coli receptors support the notion that stochastic self-assembly can create and maintain approximately periodic structures in biological membranes, without direct cytoskeletal involvement or active transport.
The c-kit Ligand Stem Cell Factor and Anti-IgE Promote Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Human Lung Mast Cells (1997)

Recent data suggest that mast cells (MC) are involved in the regulation of leukocyte accumulation in inflammatory reactions. In this study, expression of leukocyte-chemotactic peptides (chemokines) in purified human lung MC (n = 16) and a human mast cell line, HMC-1, was analyzed. Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed baseline expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 mRNA in unstimulated MC. Exposure of MC to recombinant stem cell factor (rhSCF, 100 ng/mL) or anti-IgE (10 microgram/mL) was followed by a substantial increase in expression of MCP-1 mRNA. Neither unstimulated nor stem cell factor (SCF )-stimulated lung MC expressed transcripts for interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, or RANTES by Northern blotting. The mast cell line HMC-1, which contains a mutated and intrinsically activated SCF-receptor, was found to express high levels of MCP-1 mRNA in a constitutive manner. Exposure of HMC-1 cells to rhSCF resulted in upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA expression, and de novo expression of MIP-1beta mRNA. The SCF-induced upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA in lung MC and HMC-1 was accompanied by an increase in immunologically detectable MCP-1 in cell supernatants (sup) (lung MC [<98%], control medium, 1 hour: 159 +/- 27 v SCF, 100 ng/mL, 1 hour: 398 +/- 46 pg/mL/10(6) cells; HMC-1: control, 1 hour: 894 +/- 116 v SCF, 1 hour: 1,536 +/- 265 pg/mL/10(6)). IgE-dependent activation was also followed by MCP-1 release from MC. MC-sup and HMC-1-sup induced chemotaxis in blood monocytes (Mo) (control: 100% +/- 12% v 2-hour-MC-sup: 463% +/- 38% v HMC-1-sup: 532% +/- 12%), and a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to MCP-1 (but not MoAb to IL-8) inhibited Mo-chemotaxis induced by MC-sup or HMC-1-sup (39% to 55% inhibition, P < .05). In summary, our study identifies MCP-1 as the predominant CC-chemokine produced and released in human lung MC. MCP-1 may be a crucial mediator in inflammatory reactions associated with MC activation and accumulation of MCP-1-responsive leukocytes.