gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creating large Fock states and massively squeezed states in optics using systems with nonlinear bound states in the continuum (2022)

The quantization of the electromagnetic field leads directly to the existence of quantum mechanical states, called Fock states, with an exact integer number of photons. Despite these fundamental states being long-understood, and despite their many potential applications, generating them is largely an open problem. For example, at optical frequencies, it is challenging to deterministically generate Fock states of order two and beyond. Here, we predict the existence of a new effect in nonlinear optics, which enables the deterministic generation of large Fock states at arbitrary frequencies. The effect, which we call an n-photon bound state in the continuum, is one in which a photonic resonance (such as a cavity mode) becomes lossless when a precise number of photons n is inside the resonance. Based on analytical theory and numerical simulations, we show that these bound states enable a remarkable phenomenon in which a coherent state of light, when injected into a system supporting this bound state, can spontaneously evolve into a Fock state of a controllable photon number. This effect is also directly applicable for creating (highly) squeezed states of light, whose photon number fluctuations are (far) below the value expected from classical physics (i.e., shot noise). We suggest several examples of systems to experimentally realize the effects predicted here in nonlinear nanophotonic systems, showing examples of generating both optical Fock states with large n (n &gt; 10), as well as more macroscopic photonic states with very large squeezing, with over 90% less noise (10 dB) than the classical value associated with shot noise.
Oscillation bifrequence bipolarisation dans un laser semiconducteur de classe A (2009)

National audience
Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction: Comparison of Different Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Techniques (2020)

Abstract Aims Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and accurate non-invasive diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) remains difficult. The current study aimed at identifying the most informative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters for the assessment of LVDD. Methods and results We prospectively included 50 patients and classified them into three groups: with DD (DD+, n = 15), without (DD−, n = 26), and uncertain (DD±, n = 9). Diagnosis of DD was based on echocardiographic E/E′, invasive LV end-diastolic pressure, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. CMR was performed at 1.5 T to assess LV and left atrial (LA) morphology, LV diastolic strain rate (SR) by tissue tracking and tagging, myocardial peak velocities by tissue phase mapping, and transmitral inflow profile using phase contrast techniques. Statistics were performed only on definitive DD+ and DD− (total number 41). DD+ showed enlarged LA with LA end-diastolic volume/height performing best to identify DD+ with a cut-off value of ≥0.52 mL/cm (sensitivity = 0.71, specificity = 0.84, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.75). DD+ showed significantly reduced radial (inferolateral E peak: DD−: −14.5 ± 6.5%/s vs. DD+: −10.9 ± 5.9%/s, P = 0.04; anterolateral A peak: DD−: −4.2 ± 1.6%/s vs. DD+: −3.1 ± 1.4%/s, P = 0.04) and circumferential (inferolateral A peak: DD−: 3.8 ± 1.2%/s vs. DD+: 2.8 ± 0.8%/s, P = 0.007; anterolateral A peak: DD−: 3.5 ± 1.2%/s vs. DD+: 2.5 ± 0.8%/s, P = 0.048) SR in the basal lateral wall assessed by tissue tracking. In the same segments, DD+ showed lower peak myocardial velocity by tissue phase mapping (inferolateral radial peak: DD−: −3.6 ± 0.7 ms vs. DD+: −2.8 ± 1.0 ms, P = 0.017; anterolateral longitudinal peak: DD−: −5.0 ± 1.8 ms vs. DD+: −3.4 ± 1.4 ms, P = 0.006). Tagging revealed reduced global longitudinal SR in DD+ (DD−: 45.8 ± 12.0%/s vs. DD+: 34.8 ± 9.2%/s, P = 0.022). Global circumferential and radial SR by tissue tracking and tagging, LV morphology, and transmitral flow did not differ between DD+ and DD−. Conclusions Left atrial size and regional quantitative myocardial deformation applying CMR identified best patients with DD.
A 42ns 1Mb CMOS SRAM (1987)

A 128KW×8b RAM with address access time of 42ns and power dissipation of 200mW at 10MHz will be presented. Cell size of 45μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been achieved by using polysilicon technology and 0.8μm MOS transistors.
Direct Bloch line optical observation (invited) (1988)

A new technique for observing domain walls and lines in materials with perpendicular anisotropy is presented. It employs laser light in a laser scan microscope and uses anisotropic diffraction by the wall/line magnetic structure. The contrast obtained can be understood simply and a numerical computation shows good agreement with experimental results. Wall configurations with numerous lines may be obtained when nucleating parallel stripes upon reduction to zero of a saturating in-plane field.
Joint Mismatch and Channel Compensation for High-Speed OFDM Receivers with Time-Interleaved ADCs (2010)

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with high sampling rates and output resolution are required for the design of mostly digital transceivers in emerging multi-Gigabit communication systems. A promising approach is to use a time-interleaved (TI) architecture with slower sub-ADCs in parallel, but mismatch among the sub-ADCs, if left uncompensated, can cause error floors in receiver performance. Conventional mismatch compensation schemes typically have complexity (in terms of number of multiplications) that increases with the desired resolution at the output of the TI-ADC. In this paper, we investigate an alternative approach, in which mismatch and channel dispersion are compensated jointly, with the performance metric being overall link reliability rather than ADC performance. For an OFDM system, we characterize the structure of mismatch-induced interference, and demonstrate the efficacy of a frequency-domain interference suppression scheme whose complexity is independent of constellation size (which determines the desired resolution). Numerical results from computer simulation and from experiments on a hardware prototype show that the performance with the proposed joint mismatch and channel compensation technique is close to that without mismatch. While the proposed technique works with offline estimates of mismatch parameters, we provide an iterative, online method for joint estimation of mismatch and channel parameters which leverages the training overhead already available in communication signals.
Quantifying relative shape variation in modern human femora and humeri (2009)

Lower limb bones are thought to be more developmentally stable (more symmetric) than upper limb bones, presumably because of the functional importance of locomotion. However, the relative degree of canalization (limits on between‐individual variation) in the limbs is less clear. Here we assess the 3D shape variation between individuals in a sample of modern human femora and humeri. Femora and humeri from 47 human males were CT scanned and 7002 landmarks were distributed across the surface of the bone using a statistical shape atlas (Merkl and Mahfouz, 2007). Each bone was scaled by its first principal component score to remove size and size‐correlated shape, and then by maximum length so that the femora and humeri were the same size. Bone shape variation was assessed as the average root‐sum‐squared distances of bone vertices from their average positions within each element. Bootstrap samples (1000) were used to create distributions of shape variation for each bone type, and distributions were compared using an ANOVA. The analysis reveals that after accounting for differences in size and size‐correlated shape, the humerus is more variable in 3D shape than the femur (p&lt; 0.0001), indicating that the 3D shape of the femur is more canalized than the humerus. Grant Funding Source None
Jamster: A mobile dual-arm assistive robot with Jamboxx control (2014)

This paper presents a mobile assistive robot that may be controlled by a mobility disabled user to perform a variety of tasks. Recent research in manipulation-based assistive robotics tends to focus on creating an autonomous robotic assistant. In contrast, our approach allows the user to manually control the robot assistant while providing guidance to the user task execution based on sensor measurements. Our implementation involves the integration of a dual-arm Baxter robot by Rethink Robotics mounted on a power wheelchair commanded by various inputs, including a sip-puff device called the Jamboxx. We call this system the Jamster. The Baxter is lightweight, can operate off the wheelchair battery through an inverter, and is safer to operate around human than traditional industrial robots. A graphical user interface with camera feedback and graphical rendition of the robot enables the user to drive the wheelchair and command the robot to perform simple tasks remotely. As an initial test of this system, we set up a simple task involving driving the Jamster to the shelf to pick up a peanut butter jar and transport it to another location - to be performed with Jamboxx only, without using one's hands. Such task is challenging if not impossible for severely mobility-impaired individuals. This work represents the first step towards our ultimate vision of a robotic assistant that could seamlessly work with mobility disabled individuals to effectively perform daily tasks and thus improve their quality of life.
Engineered non-invasive functionalized dendrimer/dendron-entrapped/complexed gold nanoparticles as a novel class of theranostic (radio)pharmaceuticals in cancer therapy (2021)

Nanomedicine represents a very significant contribution in current cancer treatment; in addition to surgical intervention, radiation and chemotherapeutic agents that unfortunately also kill healthy cells, inducing highly deleterious and often life-threatening side effects in the patient. Of the numerous nanoparticles used against cancer, gold nanoparticles had been developed for therapeutic applications. Inter alia, a large variety of dendrimers, i.e. soft artificial macromolecules, have turned up as non-viral functional nanocarriers for entrapping drugs, imaging agents, and targeting molecules. This review will provide insights into the design, synthesis, functionalization, and development in biomedicine of engineered functionalized hybrid dendrimer-tangled gold nanoparticles in the domain of cancer theranostic. Several aspects are highlighted and discussed such as 1) dendrimer-entrapped gold(0) hybrid nanoparticles for the targeted imaging and treatment of cancer cells, 2) dendrimer encapsulating gold(0) nanoparticles (Au DENPs) for the delivery of genes, 3) Au DENPs for drug delivery applications, 4) dendrimer encapsulating gold radioactive nanoparticles for radiotherapy, and 5) dendrimer/dendron-complexed gold(III) nanoparticles as technologies to take down cancer cells.
Peripheral vision lipreading aid (1991)

Lipreading provides a limited amount of information about speech signals to profoundly deaf people. Visual displays using peripheral vision as an alternative sensory modality can provide supplementary speech information. The utility of a cosmetically acceptable peripheral vision display was explored. A pair of eyeglasses with a commercially available two-dimensional red LED array (5 x 7), and its associated electronics was developed. The display is visible only to the wearer, and is located in the temporal field and the horizontal meridian of the right eye. Selected speech features were encoded as visual patterns for presentation to the lipreader. These features of the speech signal (the fundamental frequency of the speech, high-frequency energy, and low-passed speech signal or total energy envelope) were presented with the objective of providing information about voicing and plosion/frication. Experiments demonstrate the capability of the peripheral display in conveying speech information. Presenting vowel-consonant-vowel syllables, the performance was in excess of 76% with aided lipreading as compared to 41% by lipreading only.
Functional Infectious Nanoparticle Detector: Finding Viruses by Detecting Their Host Entry Functions Using Organic Bioelectronic Devices (2021)

Emerging viruses will continue to be a threat to human health and wellbeing into the foreseeable future. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the necessity for rapid viral sensing and inhibitor screening in mitigating viral spread and impact. Here, we present a platform that uses a label-free electronic readout as well as a dual capability of optical (fluorescence) readout to sense the ability of a virus to bind and fuse with a host cell membrane, thereby sensing viral entry. This approach introduces a hitherto unseen level of specificity by distinguishing fusion-competent viruses from fusion-incompetent viruses. The ability to discern between competent and incompetent viruses means that this device could also be used for applications beyond detection, such as screening antiviral compounds for their ability to block virus entry mechanisms. Using optical means, we first demonstrate the ability to recapitulate the entry processes of influenza virus using a biomembrane containing the viral receptor that has been functionalized on a transparent organic bioelectronic device. Next, we detect virus membrane fusion, using the same, label-free devices. Using both reconstituted and native cell membranes as materials to functionalize organic bioelectronic devices, configured as electrodes and transistors, we measure changes in membrane properties when virus fusion is triggered by a pH drop, inducing hemagglutinin to undergo a conformational change that leads to membrane fusion.
DIABETIC MACULAR ISCHEMIA (2019)

Alterations in retinal microvasculature can be observed with OCTA with increasing severity of DR. These changes are correlated with reduced retinal sensitivity. Optical coherence tomography angiography is useful to detect and quantify the microvasculature properties of eyes with diabetic macular ischemia.
Structurally Diverse Covalent Triazine-based Framework Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water (2019)

&lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;A structurally diverse family of 39 covalent triazine-based framework materials (CTFs) is synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation and tested as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts using a high-throughput workflow. The two best-performing CTFs are based on benzonitrile and dibenzo[&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;]thiophene sulfone linkers, respectively, with catalytic activities that are among the highest for this material class. The activities of the different CTFs are rationalized in terms of four variables: the predicted electron affinity, the predicted ionization potential, the optical gap, and the dispersibility of the CTFs particles in solution, as measured by optical transmittance. The electron affinity and dispersibility in solution are the best predictors of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Modulates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis (2011)

Our data suggest that VE-cadherin controls vascular permeability and limits fibrogenesis after UUO.
Quantitative Analysis of Localized Surface Plasmons Based on Molecular Probing (2010)

We report on the quantitative characterization of the plasmonic optical near-field of a single silver nanoparticle. Our approach relies on nanoscale molecular molding of the confined electromagnetic field by photoactivated molecules. We were able to directly image the dipolar profile of the near-field distribution with a resolution better than 10 nm and to quantify the near-field depth and its enhancement factor. A single nanoparticle spectral signature was also assessed. This quantitative characterization constitutes a prerequisite for developing nanophotonic applications.
Alamouti-Like Transmission Schemes in Distributed MIMO Networks (2023)

The purpose of the study is to investigate potential benefits of using Alamouti-like orthogonal space-time-frequency block codes (STFBC) in distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) systems to increase the diversity at the UE side when instantaneous channel state information (CSI) is not available at radio units (RUs). Most of the existing transmission techniques require instantaneous CSI to form precoders which can only be realized together with accurate and up-to-date channel knowledge. STFBC can increase the diversity at UE side without estimating the downlink channel. Under challenging channel conditions, the network can switch to a robust mode where a certain data rate is maintained for users even without knowing the channel coefficients by means of STFBC. In this study, it will be mainly focused on clustering of RUs and user equipment, where each cluster adopts a possibly different orthogonal code, so that overall spectral efficiency is optimized. Potential performance gains over known techniques that can be used when the channel is not known will be shown and performance gaps to sophisticated precoders making use of channel estimates will be identified.
Azo‐dye aligning layers for liquid‐crystal cells (2003)

Abstract— The photo‐induced alignment of liquid crystal onto a photochemical stable azo‐dye film was studied for liquid‐crystal display (LCD) applications. The photo‐aligning of azo dye takes place due to the pure reorientation of the molecular absorption oscillators perpendicular to the UV‐light polarization. The order parameters S = −0.4 (80% of the maximum absolute value S m = −0.5) was measured at a wavelength of 372 nm from the polarized absorption spectra. The temperature‐stable pretilt angle of 5.3° was obtained by a two‐step exposure of azo‐dye film using normally incident polarized light followed by oblique non‐polarized light. The azimuthal anchoring energy of the photo‐aligned substrate was A ϕ &gt; 10 −4 J/m 2 , which is of the same magnitude as the anchoring of the rubbed PI layer. The VHR value of the photo‐aligned LC cell was also found to be very high (98–99%) at room temperature and more than 95% at T =80°C. The thermal stability of the photo‐aligned azo‐dye layers is sufficiently high, while UV stability has to be improved, e.g. , by polymerization. The new LCD aligning technology based on photochemical stable azo‐dye layers is envisaged.
Artificial intelligence in cancer imaging: Clinical challenges and applications (2019)

Judgement, as one of the core tenets of medicine, relies upon the integration of multilayered data with nuanced decision making. Cancer offers a unique context for medical decisions given not only its variegated forms with evolution of disease but also the need to take into account the individual condition of patients, their ability to receive treatment, and their responses to treatment. Challenges remain in the accurate detection, characterization, and monitoring of cancers despite improved technologies. Radiographic assessment of disease most commonly relies upon visual evaluations, the interpretations of which may be augmented by advanced computational analyses. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) promises to make great strides in the qualitative interpretation of cancer imaging by expert clinicians, including volumetric delineation of tumors over time, extrapolation of the tumor genotype and biological course from its radiographic phenotype, prediction of clinical outcome, and assessment of the impact of disease and treatment on adjacent organs. AI may automate processes in the initial interpretation of images and shift the clinical workflow of radiographic detection, management decisions on whether or not to administer an intervention, and subsequent observation to a yet to be envisioned paradigm. Here, the authors review the current state of AI as applied to medical imaging of cancer and describe advances in 4 tumor types (lung, brain, breast, and prostate) to illustrate how common clinical problems are being addressed. Although most studies evaluating AI applications in oncology to date have not been vigorously validated for reproducibility and generalizability, the results do highlight increasingly concerted efforts in pushing AI technology to clinical use and to impact future directions in cancer care.
Fracture toughness and the effects of stress state on fracture of nickel aluminides (1991)

The effects of stress state on the fracture behavior of Ni3Al, Ni3Al + B, and NiAl were determined using either notched or fatigue-precracked bend bars tested to failure at room temperature, in addition to testing specimens in tension under superposed hydrostatic pressure. Although Ni3Al is observed to fail in a macroscopically brittle intergranular manner in tension tests conducted at room temperature, the fracture toughnesses presently obtained on Ni3Al exceeded 20 MPam, and R-curve behavior was exhibited. In situ monitoring of the fracture experiments was utilized to aid in interpreting the source(s) of the high toughness in Ni3Al, while SEM fractography was utilized to determine the operative fracture modes. The superposition by hydrostatic pressure during tensile testing of NiAl specimens was observed to produce increased ductility without changing the fracture mode.
The ENCODE Uniform Analysis Pipelines (2023)

The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. The current database comprises more than 19000 functional genomics experiments across more than 1000 cell lines and tissues using a wide array of experimental techniques to study the chromatin structure, regulatory and transcriptional landscape of the <i>Homo sapiens</i> and <i>Mus musculus</i> genomes. All experimental data, metadata, and associated computational analyses created by the ENCODE consortium are submitted to the Data Coordination Center (DCC) for validation, tracking, storage, and distribution to community resources and the scientific community. The ENCODE project has engineered and distributed uniform processing pipelines in order to promote data provenance and reproducibility as well as allow interoperability between genomic resources and other consortia. All data files, reference genome versions, software versions, and parameters used by the pipelines are captured and available <i>via</i> the ENCODE Portal. The pipeline code, developed using Docker and Workflow Description Language (WDL; https://openwdl.org/) is publicly available in GitHub, with images available on Dockerhub (https://hub.docker.com), enabling access to a diverse range of biomedical researchers. ENCODE pipelines maintained and used by the DCC can be installed to run on personal computers, local HPC clusters, or in cloud computing environments <i>via</i> Cromwell. Access to the pipelines and data <i>via</i> the cloud allows small labs the ability to use the data or software without access to institutional compute clusters. Standardization of the computational methodologies for analysis and quality control leads to comparable results from different ENCODE collections - a prerequisite for successful integrative analyses.