gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neoliberalism as Regression (2020)

When neoliberalism began its triumphal procession at the end of the 1970s, many believed that for many decades to come, no dogma would arise to challenge that of a dynamic business sector freed from state shackles, driven by entrepreneurial investment, missing no opportunity to exploit and increase the economic potential of all states…
Structure−Activity Relationships at Monoamine Transporters and Muscarinic Receptors for N-Substituted-3α-(3‘-chloro-, 4‘-chloro-, and 4‘,4‘ ‘-dichloro-substituted-diphenyl)methoxytropanes (2001)

The design, synthesis, and evaluation of 3alpha-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane (benztropine) analogues have provided potent and selective probes for the dopamine transporter. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been developed that contrast with those described for cocaine, despite significant structural similarity. Furthermore, behavioral evaluation of many of the benztropine analogues in animal models of cocaine abuse has suggested that these two classes of tropane-based dopamine uptake inhibitors have distinct pharmacological profiles. In general, the benztropine analogues do not demonstrate efficacious locomotor stimulation in mice, do not fully substitute for a cocaine discriminative stimulus, and are not appreciably self-administered in rhesus monkeys. These compounds are generally more potent than cocaine as dopamine uptake inhibitors in vitro, although their actions in vivo are not consistent with this action. These observations suggest that differing binding profiles at the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters as well as at muscarinic receptors might have significant impact on the pharmacological actions of these compounds. In addition, by varying the structures of the parent compounds and thereby modifying their physical properties, pharmacokinetics as well as pharmacodynamics will be directly affected. Therefore, in an attempt to systematically evaluate the impact of chemical modification on these actions, a series of N-substituted (H, CH3, allyl, benzyl, propylphenyl, and butylphenyl) analogues of 3'-chloro-, 4'-chloro-, and 4,4''-dichloro-3alpha-(diphenylmethoxy)tropanes were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for displacement, in rat tissue, of [3H]WIN 35,428 from the dopamine transporter, [3H]citalopram from the serotonin transporter, [3H]nisoxetine from the norepinephrine transporter, and [3H]pirenzepine from muscarinic m1 receptors. SARs were developed and compared to a series of N-substituted-3alpha-(bis-4'-fluorophenyl)methoxytropanes. The present SARs followed previously reported studies with the single exception of the N-butylphenyl substituent, which did not provide the high affinity binding in any of these three sets of analogues, as it did in the 4',4''-difluoro series. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the three parent ligands (1a, 2a, and 3a) were compared to that of 3alpha-(bis-4'-fluorophenyl)methoxytropane which provided supportive evidence toward the proposal that the combination of steric bulk in both the 3-position and the N-substituent, in this class of compounds, is not optimal for binding at the dopamine transporter. These studies provide binding profile data that can now be used to correlate with future behavioral analyses of these compounds and may provide insight into the kind of binding profile that might be targeted as a potential treatment for cocaine abuse.
Reconfigurable Electric Double Layer Doping in an MoS2Nanoribbon Transistor (2017)

A back-gated multilayer nanoribbon molybdenum disulfide (MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) transistor grown by chemical vapor transport and doped using polyethylene oxide cesium perchlorate is fabricated and characterized. Ions in the polymer dielectric are directed by side gates to the source and drain access regions where they form electric double layers (EDLs) that control the carrier densities. This allows the junctions of the same transistor channel to be reconfigured as an n-MOSFET, p-MOSFET, and as a tunnel field-effect transistors. The EDLs are formed at room temperature and then locked into place by cooling the polymer below the glass transition temperature (~240 K). Transport measurements are presented and explained using simulated band diagrams. Both n and p-conduction in MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is demonstrated using solid polymer ion doping, enabling characterization of a semiconductor in which the doping of the same channel has been reconfigured to form three different transistor configurations.
Clinical Targeting of Mutated and Wild-Type Protein Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer (2014)

Clinical therapies for cancer have evolved from toxic, nontargeted agents to manageable, highly targeted therapies. Protein tyrosine kinases are a family of signaling molecules implicated in nearly every cancer type and are the foundation for the development of modern targeted agents. Recent genomic analyses have identified activating mutations, translocations, and amplifications of tyrosine kinases. Selective targeting of these genetically altered tyrosine kinases has resulted in significant clinical advances, including increased patient survival. This indicates that altered protein tyrosine kinases are the main drivers of many different cancers. However, lost during analyses of genetic lesions are the contributions of activated, wild-type kinases on tumor-dependent pathways. New approaches in phosphoproteomic technologies have identified several wild-type tyrosine kinase activation states, suggesting that non-genetically altered kinases can be essential "nodes" for signal transduction. Here, we summarize the evidence supporting the common mechanisms of protein tyrosine kinase activation in cancer and provide a personal perspective on the kinases BCR-ABL and BTK, as well as nonmutated kinase targets in prostate cancer, through our work. We outline the mechanisms of tyrosine kinase activation in the absence of direct mutation and discuss whether non-genetically altered tyrosine kinases or their associated downstream signaling pathways can be effectively targeted.
System and method for laser assisted sample transfer to solution for chemical analysis (2023)

A system and method for laser desorption of an analyte from a specimen and capturing of the analyte in a suspended solvent to form a testing solution are described. The method can include providing a specimen supported by a desorption region of a specimen stage and desorbing an analyte from a target site of the specimen with a laser beam centered at a radiation wavelength (.lamda.). The desorption region is transparent to the radiation wavelength (.lamda.) and the sampling probe and a laser source emitting the laser beam are on opposite sides of a primary surface of the specimen stage. The system can also be arranged where the laser source and the sampling probe are on the same side of a primary surface of the specimen stage. The testing solution can then be analyzed using an analytical instrument or undergo further processing.
Anti-Gametocyte Antigen Humoral Immunity and Gametocytemia During Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria: A Multi-National Study (2022)

<i>Pf</i>s230 and <i>Pf</i>s48/45 antibodies are naturally immunogenic targets associated with patent gametocytemia and increasing gametocyte density across multiple malaria endemic settings, including regions with emerging artemisinin-resistant <i>P. falciparum</i>.
Synthesis of 4Å single-walled carbon nanotubes in catalytic Si-substituted AlPO4-5 molecular sieves (2004)

4 Å single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNs) were fabricated using Si-substituted AlPO4-5 (SAPO-5) molecular sieves as the template. In comparison with neutral AlPO4-5, the SAPO-5 framework plays an important role as a catalyst in pyrolyzing the hydrocarbon molecules, owing to the Bønsted acid sites. The first-principles calculation shows the Si decoration to be very favorable to the formation of carbon nanotubes in the SAPO-5 channels. The resulting SWCNs have better quality than those fabricated without Si doping, evidenced by clearer and stronger radial breathing modes in the Raman spectra.
Consumable Credentials in Logic-Based Access Control (2018)

We present a framework to support consumable credentials in a logic-based distributed authorization system. Such credentials convey use-limited authority (e.g., to open a door once) or authority to utilize resources that are themselves limited (e.g., to spend money).We design a framework based on linear logic to enforce the consumption of credentials in a distributed system, and to protect credentials from nonproductive consumption as might result from misbehavior or failure. Finally, we give several usage examples in the framework, and evaluate the performance of our implementation for use in a ubiquitous computing deployment at our institution.
Design of X-Joints in Sandwich Structures for Naval Vessels (2025)

In many naval ships of fiber composite sandwich construction, an X-joint exists where the end bulkhead of the superstructure is attached to the deck, with an internal bulkhead placed in the same vertical plane below the deck. This joint is subjected to alternating tensile and compressive loading in the vertical direction for respectively hogging and sagging bending deformation of the hull girder. When the core material is polymer foam, such joints are often strengthened by the insertion of a higher density core material in the deck panel in the immediate region of the joint. The paper aims to improve the basis for the design of such Xjoints, focusing on the prevention of crushing of the core under compressive load while ensuring adequate damage tolerance for the case of tensile load. Extensive material tests are reported, strain distributions are investigated by both laboratory tests and numerical modeling, and design guidance for core inserts is presented.
Inherently Stable Weighted Least-Squares Estimation of Common Acoustical Poles With the Application in Feedback Path Modeling Utilizing a Kautz Filter (2017)

In adaptive feedback cancellation, the feedback path must be modeled precisely using as few adaptive parameters as possible to reduce computational complexity and enable rapid convergence. To reduce the number of adaptive parameters, the feedback path is usually modeled with a transfer function composed of an invariant component and a variable component using all-pole, all-zero, and pole-zero filters. These filters may be inefficient, requiring a large number of parameters for their specification, particularly in reverberant environments. In this letter, we present a weighted least-squares algorithm to precisely estimate the common poles of feedback paths, and we then model the invariant basis functions employing a Kautz filter. The Kautz filter is defined by a set of the fixed poles and a corresponding set of tap output weights. The fixed poles are associated with prominent peaks that are common to the measured feedback path frequency responses. The algorithm guarantees unconditionally the stability of the estimated poles of the inferred model. The experimental results using measured acoustic feedback paths from a two-microphone, behind-the-ear hearing aid show that the proposed method provides an accurate model of the feedback paths for a variety of acoustic environments that were not employed in estimating the common poles.
434 REGULATION OF CUTANEOUS LYMHOCYTE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN EXPRESSION ON CD4+ HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS-SPECIFIC HUMAN MEMORY T CELLS BY INTERLEUKIN-12 AND TYPE 1 INTERFERON (2005)

<h3>Background</h3> Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), is a disease of increasing importance in the United States. Researchers are attempting to design a vaccine, but two recent high quality trials of prophylactic vaccines showed inadequate results. Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), linked with T-cell homing to the skin, is highly expressed on T cells infiltrating HSV lesions and on HSV-specific CD8+ T cells. The ability to induce expression of CLA on HSV-specific T cells may improve vaccine efficacy. In conjunction with TCR stimulation, cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and type 1 interferon (IFN) appear to stimulate CLA expression. We hypothesize that blocking IL-12 and IFN-α receptor will reduce CLA expression on CD4+ HSV-specific memory T cells in immunocompetent patients. <h3>Study Design and Methods</h3> After culturing CFSE-stained human PBMCs with UV killed HSV-1 or HSV-2 in the presence of absence of anti-IL-12, anti-IFN-αR, or control antibodies, CLA expression on HSV-reactive large, granular, CFSElow, CD4high cells was detected using flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Individually, neither anti-IFN-αR antibody or anti-IL-12 antibody significantly reduced CLA expression on CD4+ HSV-specific T cells. The combination of both antibodies, however, significantly reduced (p=0.002) CLA expression from 32.4% to 13.2% among individuals with a strong reaction to HSV. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These preliminary data suggest IL-12 and type 1 IFN synergistically contribute to the expression of CLA on CD4+ HSV-specific T cells in vitro upon re-stimulation by recall antigen. These innate responses to HSV may also amplify the expression of skin-homing molecules during recurrent HSV infection in vitro.
Fabrication of Nanosized Alumina Powders by a Simple Polymer Solution Route (2006)

Nanosized alumina (Al2O3) powders had been successfully fabricated by a simple polymer solution route employing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an organic carrier. The fabricated alumina powders had an average particle size of 6.1 nm with a high specific surface area of 99.5 m2/g. As well, the alumina powders were fully crystallized to alpha phase at a relatively low temperature of 1000 degrees C. The PVA polymer contributed to a soft and porous microstructure of the calcined alumina powders, and ball-milling process with the porous powders was effective in making nanosized alumina powders. In addition, the content and degree of polymerization of the PVA affected the development of crystallization and powder properties. In this study, the simple polymer technique and milling process for the fabrication of nanosized alumina powders are introduced, and the effects of PVA on the property of the synthesized alumina powders are observed. For the study, the characterizations of the synthesized powders are conducted by using XRD, TEM, particle size analyzer, and nitrogen gas adsorption.
3,4-Dihydroxymandelic Acid, a Noradrenalin Metabolite with Powerful Antioxidative Potential (2002)

The decarboxylated noradrenaline metabolite 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid [DHMA, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacetic acid] occurs in different mammalian tissues, especially in the heart. To elucidate the physiological function of DHMA, the antioxidative and radical scavenging activity was determined by physicochemical and cell-based test systems. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay it shows a 4-fold higher radical scavenging activity compared to the standard antioxidants ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and butylated hydroxytoluene. DHMA is also a very potent superoxide radical scavenger and shows a 5-fold smaller IC(50) value compared to standard ascorbic acid. Again, in most cases the antioxidative power of DHMA against bulk lipid oxidation determined by accelerated autoxidation of oils is much higher than for the standard antioxidants. In soybean oil and squalene a DHMA/alpha-tocopherol mixture (1:1 w/w) shows a synergistic effect. Last but not least, 0.001 and 0.0005% levels of DHMA protect human primary fibroblasts against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress as determined by the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein assay.
Abstract TMP117: Preclinical and Early Clinical Characterization of a Parenterally Administered Direct Factor XIa Inhibitor (2017)

Introduction: Acute stroke intervention with antithrombotic agents is limited due to an increased risk of bleeding and a frequent inability to swallow existing oral agents. Preclinical and early clinical data with an antisense oligonucleotide suggest inhibition of Factor XI (FXI) as a means to achieve antithrombotic efficacy with a reduced risk of bleeding. Here we report a preclinical characterization and results from first-in-human studies of BMS-962212, a first in class, direct, reversible, and highly selective IV small molecule inhibitor of FXIa (FXIa K i = 0.7 nM). Methods: BMS-962212 at 0.001+0.0063 to 0.46+3.1 mg/kg+mg/kg/h or its vehicle were administered IV in anesthetized rabbit models of electrically-induced carotid artery thrombosis and cuticle bleeding time. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of BMS-962212 in humans, 6 healthy subjects per dose panel received BMS-962212 at 1.5, 4, 10, and 25 mg/h as 2 hour IV infusions and, respectively, 1, 3, 9, and 20 mg/h as 5 day IV infusions, randomized with placebo. Additionally, 12 healthy subjects received BMS-962212 at 15 mg/h co-administered with 325 mg ASA for 5 days. Results: In rabbits, BMS-962212 reduced thrombus weight with an EC 50 of 80 nM. At a dose that produced 80% antithrombotic efficacy, BMS-962212 did not increase bleeding time. BMS-962212 increased ex vivo activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) dose-dependently without changing prothrombin time and thrombin time. In humans, IV administration of BMS-962212 was well tolerated with no serious adverse events observed. Within 30 minutes of BMS-962212 administration, &gt;90% of the mean maximal aPTT within each dose group was achieved. Following completion of the infusion, BMS-962212 demonstrated rapid drug elimination with a direct relationship observed with aPTT decreasing by more than 50% within 4 hours. Template bleeding times were not increased by BMS-962212 alone or when co-administered with ASA. Conclusion: BMS-962212 exhibits properties suited for investigational use as an acute care antithrombotic agent including robust antithrombotic activity with a low potential to increase bleeding risk in preclinical models, and a rapid onset and offset of aPTT activity in humans.
CPAP facilitates sedation of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (2005)

The incidence of obesity, with associated obstructive sleep apnoea, has been steadily increasing in the UK over recent years [1, 2]. Regional techniques are often preferred in order to avoid general anaesthesia and its associated morbidity and mortality in this patient population [3]. During long procedures under regional anaesthesia it is our experience that patients often become uncomfortable and intolerant without sedation. The morbidly obese population, however, is often denied sedation for fear of airway obstruction, leading to hypoxia. We propose that patients who are treated with CPAP for obstructive sleep apnoea use their device during procedures requiring sedation. At the University of Michigan (in one of America's ‘fattest’ states) [4], patients who have obstructive sleep apnoea are routinely asked to bring their CPAP machines to hospital when they attend for elective procedures, to prevent nocturnal hypoxia in the postoperative period. We have found that sedation can be used safely in this population by asking the patient to apply their own CPAP device at the start of the case. Our technique has been to sedate cautiously using midazolam (1–2 mg) or propofol (10–30 μg.kg−1.min−1). Supplemental oxygen is applied either directly via the CPAP circuit (when the design allows) or via nasal cannulae under the mask. This latter approach is well tolerated and does not seem to interfere with the performance of the CPAP system. Similar patients in the UK should be encouraged to bring their CPAP machines with them for both intra- and postoperative use.
Cholesteric liquid crystals in rectangular microchannels: skyrmions and stripes (2016)

In this paper, we present experimental and numerical studies on the microstructures of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) confined in rectangular micron-channels. By using a sequence of microfabrication techniques we fabricated the micro-sized channels with accurately controlled size, aspect ratio and homeotropic surface anchoring. Through optical microscopic studies we established a phase diagram for the liquid crystal defect textures as a function of the channel depth and width. For the channel width larger than ∼2 times the cholesteric pitch p, the LC molecules are oriented primarily vertical to the channel when the channel depth is below 0.75p, form bubble domain defects when the channel depth is around 0.75p, and form stripe textures when the cell depth is above the cholesteric pitch p. In addition, the bubble domain size and the stripe texture periodicity are found to grow with the increase of the channel width. For the channel width smaller than ∼2p and the channel depth between 0.6p to 1.1p, no textures can be observed in the channels. Numerical simulations based on a director tensor relaxation approach yield detailed molecular director fields, and show that the bubble domain defects are baby-skyrmions and that the stripes are the first type of cholesteric fingerprints. A comparison with previous experiments and numerical simulations indicates that the size of the microchannels also influences what type of soliton-like topological textures form in the CLCs confined in the channels.
IrisNet: Internet-scale resource-intensive sensor services (Demo Abstract) (2003)

The proliferation and affordability of smart sensors such as webcams, microphones etc., has created opportunities for exciting new classes of distributed services. A key stumbling block to mining these rich information sources is the lack of a common, scalable networked infrastructure for collecting, filtering, and combining the video feeds, extracting the useful information, and enabling distributed queries. In this demo, we demonstrate the design and an early prototype of such an infrastructure, called IRIS (Internet-scale Resource-Intensive Sensor services). IRIS is a potentially global network of smart sensor nodes, with webcams or other sensors, and organizing nodes that provide the means to query recent and historical sensor-based data. IRIS exploits the fact that high-volume sensor feeds are typically attached to devices with significant computing power and storage, and running a standard operating system. Aggressive filtering, smart query routing, and semantic caching are used to dramatically reduce network bandwidth utilization and improve query response times, as we will demonstrate. The service that we demonstrate here is that of a parking space finder. This service utilizes webcams that monitor parking spaces to answer queries such as the availability of parking spaces near a user’s destination.
σ*-Electron addition to 5-halogenouracils in neutral glasses (1978)

Attachment of electrons to 5-halogenouracils in γ-irradiated or photolysed neutral organic and aqueous glasses produces σ*-radicals in bromo- and iodo-derivatives in addition to π*-anions, whereas in fluoro- and chloro-uracils, only π*-radicals are observed using e.s.r. spectroscopy.