gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term Effects of Smoking on Retinal Microvascular Caliber (2007)

Although cigarette smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor, its microcirculatory effects are not well understood. The authors investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between smoking and retinal microvascular caliber in an older Australian population. Retinal vessel calibers were measured from digitized retinal photographs at baseline (1992-1994; n = 3,006) and at 5-year follow-up examinations (1997-1999; n = 1,850) in the population-based Blue Mountains Eye Study. Smoking status and quantity and pack-years of smoking were defined from standardized questionnaires administered at both examinations. After adjustment for other factors, current and past smoking were associated with wider retinal venular caliber at baseline (p < 0.01). These cross-sectional findings were virtually identical at the 5-year follow-up examination (p < 0.001). Heavy smokers were more likely to have relatively large changes in venular caliber in either direction over the 5-year period (widening or narrowing more than 1 standard deviation greater than the mean change) than were nonsmokers (for continuous trend by pack-years or current amount smoked, p < 0.05). Weaker and less consistent associations between smoking and arteriolar caliber were observed. These results suggest long-term effects of smoking on venular caliber that may contribute to associations between smoking and cardiovascular disease.
Polymer-dispersed Liquid Crystals: Effect of Partial Matrix Fluorination on Polymer Bead-based Morphology (2002)

The morphology and electrooptical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) with partially fluorinated polymer matrices are investigated. Films were prepared via photo-induced free-radical polymerization of an initially isotropic solution comprised of pentafunctional (5 reactive groups) acrylate monomer and nematic liquid crystal molecules. Phase separation of discrete domains of LC is induced by the photopolymerization. The film morphologies consisted of aggregated polymeric particles dispersed throughout a continuous liquid crystal medium. Changes in morphology and electrooptical properties were observed as trifluoroethyl and hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate were partially substituted for the multifunctional acrylate monomer. Methyl methacrylate was used in control films due to the chemical similarities to fluorinated monomers. The incorporation of fluorinated monomers resulted in better definition of the polymer bead morphology and improvement in contrast ratio, while control films displayed less pronounced changes in optical properties. Real-time transmittance monitoring and polarized optical microscopy (POM) revealed that the monofunctional monomer addition resulted in a delay of the LC phase appearence with increasing comonomer concentration. However, a LC phase appeared earlier for fluorinated systems as compared to nonfluorinated control films of similar comonomer concentration. This was interpreted as an indication of lower LC solubility in the semifluorinated polymer matrix.
Spatio-temporal encoding by quadratic gradients in magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

Spatio-temporal encoding (SPEN) MRI is a non-Fourier imaging technique that encodes the spatial information in such a way that there is a direct relation between the signal intensity recorded during the acquisition and the spin density at a given position. In current spatio-temporal encoding methods, the first crucial step requires imparting a quadratic phase onto the transverse magnetization. Usually, this is achieved by simultaneous application of a frequency-swept (chirp) pulse and a linear magnetic field gradient. In this work, we show that a quadratic phase can be imparted by using quadratic encoding gradients. This leads to smaller specific absorption rates (SARs). Furthermore, the proposed sequence can be used for multi-slice applications similar to ordinary multi-slice sequences, but without the limitations of traditional SPEN.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Carbohydrate‐Containing Carbocyclic Compounds Based on Palladium‐Catalyzed Vinylation of Sugars and Subsequent Diels—Alder Reaction. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Methyltrioxorhenium and Sodium Bromide‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with H2O2 Using 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid as a Novel Recyclable Green Solvent. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optical Digital Truth Table Look-Up Processing (1985)

The increasing need for large-scale computations has led to new interest in optical parallel computing. Digital parallel processing can be implemented using optical truth table look-up techniques. With optical-logic-based pattern recognition, a content-addressable memory can be constructed. The use of the EXCLUSIVE OR and NAND logic operations to achieve content addressability is discussed. This memory system can be used to perform digital truth table look-up processing. Operations such as addition and multiplication of 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-bit words in parallel arrays are then directly possible. The number of reference patterns that must be stored is dramatically reduced by the use of the (binary-coded) residue number system and logical reduction tech-niques. An example 16-bit multiple-word-parallel (of order 1000) fixed-point multiplier is discussed.
Aging-aware NaS battery model in a stochastic wind-storage simulation framework (2013)

Dispatchability of wind power is significantly increased by the availability of day-ahead production forecast. However, forecast errors prevent a wind farm operator from holding a firm production commitment. An energy storage system (ESS) connected to the wind farm is thus considered to reduce deviations from the commitment. We statistically assess the performance of the storage in a stochastic framework where day-ahead forecast errors are modeled with an autoregressive model. This stochastic model, fitted on prediction/production data from an actual wind farm captures the significant correlation along time of forecast errors, which severely impacts the ESS performance. A thermo-electrical model for Sodium Sulfur (NaS) batteries reproduces key characteristics of this technology including charging/discharging losses, state-dependent electrical model and internal temperature variations. With help of a cost analysis which includes calendar and cycling aging, we show trade-offs in storage capacity sizing between deviation from commitment and storage costs due to energy losses and aging.
Neuroimaging evidence implicating cerebellum in support of sensory/cognitive processes associated with thirst (2000)

Recent studies implicate the cerebellum, long considered strictly a motor control structure, in cognitive, sensory, and affective phenomenon. The cerebellum, a phylogenetically ancient structure, has reciprocal ancient connections to the hypothalamus, a structure important in vegetative functions. The present study investigated whether the cerebellum was involved in vegetative functions and the primal emotions engendered by them. Using positron emission tomography, we examined the effects on the cerebellum of the rise of plasma sodium concentration and the emergence of thirst in 10 healthy adults. The correlation of regional cerebral blood flow with subjects' ratings of thirst showed major activation in the vermal central lobule. During the development of thirst, the anterior and posterior quadrangular lobule, lingula, and the vermis were activated. At maximum thirst and then during irrigation of the mouth with water to alleviate dryness, the cerebellum was less activated. However, 3 min after drinking to satiation, the anterior quadrangular lobule and posterior cerebellum were highly activated. The increased cerebellar activity was not related to motor behavior as this did not occur. Instead, responses in ancient cerebellar regions (vermis, fastigal nucleus, archicerebellum) may be more directly related to vegetative and affective aspects of thirst experiences, whereas activity in neocerebellar (posterior) regions may be related to sensory and cognitive aspects. Moreover, the cerebellum is apparently not involved in the computation of thirst per se but rather is activated during changes in thirst/satiation state when the brain is "vigilant" and is monitoring its sensory systems. Some neocerebellar activity may also reflect an intentionality for gratification by drinking inherent in the consciousness of thirst.
Simultaneous Subcutaneous and Intranasal Administration of a CAF01-Adjuvanted Chlamydia Vaccine Elicits Elevated IgA and Protective Th1/Th17 Responses in the Genital Tract (2017)

The selection of any specific immunization route is critical when defining future vaccine strategies against a genital infection like <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (C.t.). An optimal <i>Chlamydia</i> vaccine needs to elicit mucosal immunity comprising both neutralizing IgA/IgG antibodies and strong Th1/Th17 responses. A strategic tool to modulate this immune profile and mucosal localization of vaccine responses is to combine parenteral and mucosal immunizations routes. In this study, we investigate whether this strategy can be adapted into a two-visit strategy by simultaneous subcutaneous (SC) and nasal immunization. Using a subunit vaccine composed of C.t. antigens (Ags) adjuvanted with CAF01, a Th1/Th17 promoting adjuvant, we comparatively evaluated Ag-specific B and T cell responses and efficacy in mice following SC and simultaneous SC and nasal immunization (SIM). We found similar peripheral responses with regard to interferon gamma and IL-17 producing Ag-specific splenocytes and IgG serum levels in both vaccine strategies but in addition, the SIM protocol also led to Ag-specific IgA responses and increased B and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in the lung parenchyma, and in lower numbers also in the genital tract (GT). Following vaginal infection with C.t., we observed that SIM immunization gave rise to an early IgA response and IgA-secreting plasma cells in the GT in contrast to SC immunization, but we were not able to detect more rapid recruitment of mucosal T cells. Interestingly, although SIM vaccination in general improved mucosal immunity we observed no improved efficacy against genital infection compared to SC, a finding that warrants for further investigation. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel vaccination strategy that combines systemic and mucosal immunity in a two-visit strategy.
Macular Infarction After Endophthalmitis Treated With Vitrectomy and Intravitreal Gentamicin (1986)

We encountered two cases of macular infarction that occurred after vitrectomy performed for mild endophthalmitis, which, on culture, yielded Staphylococcus epidermidis. At the end of each vitrectomy, 0.4 mg of gentamicin, 1.0 mg of cefazolin, and 0.32 mg of dexamethasone were injected into the vitreous cavity. We are concerned that the macular lesion was a retinal toxic effect of gentamicin because of the recent description of similar lesions occurring after the inadvertent intraocular injection of massive doses of this drug.
Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 in Rat Cochlea with Cisplatin-induced Acute Ototoxicity (2000)

Cisplatin ototoxicity is known to involve mainly the organ of Corti. Outer hair cells (OHCs). especially in the basal turn, are preferentially involved. One possible mechanism of ototoxicity might be alteration of the antioxidant system causing an increase in free radicals. It has been demonstrated that heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are believed to protect cells by dissolving and refolding misfolded or denatured protein are induced by various form of stress. HSP is also demonstrated to be induced by free radicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate HSP 72 induction in cochlea following cisplatin injection in the animal model. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline as control or cisplatin at a dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg. Cochleae were harvested 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after injection and compared with those of controls. Immunocytochemical study with surface preparation and Western blotting were performed to investigate the expression of HSP 72. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was also recorded to assess functional change according to the dosage of cisplatin and duration after injection. In the 5 and 10 mg/kg groups, immunostaining for HSP 72 in the OHCs reached a plateau level at 3 h, which was maintained until 12 h after injection. The amount of immunoreactive OHCs in the 20 mg/kg group was smaller than those in 5 and 10 mg/kg groups and declined after 6 h. The bands for HSP 72 became less intense as the cisplatin dosage increased from 5 to 10 and 20 mg/kg in Western blotting. The change in ABR threshold was small in the 5 and 10 mg/kg groups and a marked change in threshold was observed in the 20 mg/kg group. Detection of HSP 72 after cisplatin injection could confirm the OHCs as one of the major injured cells in the cochlea. With a lethal dosage of cisplatin (20 mg/kg), HSP 72 expression was less prominent and declined after 6 h.
Recently published papers: A review of novel strategies in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections, the ability of intensivists to perform echocardiography, and the benefit of polymyxin B haemoperfusion in abdominal sepsis (2009)

Chlorhexidine bed baths seem to reduce the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus detected by surveillance cultures. There is also some evidence on the benefit of chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonias. Acid-suppressing drugs increase the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonias in non-intensive care unit patients, although this association has not been shown in the intensive care setting. Intensivists can be trained to perform basic echocardiography in a short period of time, but their errors could lead to incorrect changes in management. Polymyxin B haemoperfusion was shown in interim analysis to improve patients with abdominal sepsis to such an extent that the EUPHAS randomised controlled trial was halted on ethical grounds, although other authors have criticised this decision.
An element of surprise—efficient copper-functionalized dye-sensitized solar cells (2008)

Dye-sensitized solar cells with carboxylate-derivatized {Cu(I)L(2)} complexes are surprisingly efficient and offer a long-term alternative approach to ruthenium-functionalized systems.
High efficiency operation of a plasma-assisted slow-wave microwave oscillator at a MW power level (2004)

Summary form only given. Conventional microwave sources utilize strong axial magnetic fields to guide an electron beam through an interaction region. A plasma-assisted slow-wave microwave oscillator (Pasotron) can operate without external magnetic fields because the presence of ions neutralizes the beam space charge and allows for radial motion of electrons under the action of transverse fields of the wave. The inherent efficiency of conventional microwave sources based on interaction with the backward wave with a 1D electron flow is typically limited to 15-20%. The current thrust is to take advantage of the 2D electron motion in the Pasotron in order to demonstrate high efficiency operation at the megawatt power level. Indeed, an efficiency in excess of 40% was demonstrated experimentally at power level of 1 MW with the beam voltage of /spl sim/55 kV and currents in the range of 40-50 A. The biggest challenges associated with efficient, high power operation of the Pasotron are beam dynamics, power extraction and mode competition. Theoretical studies, PIC simulations and the experimental data all indicate that both steady state and transient beam-dynamics of the self-pinching beam in the Pasotron is well understood. Most recent theoretical and experimental activities will be reviewed, with an emphasis on stationary and non-stationary beam dynamics, beam wave interaction and efficient power extraction.
OWL-Based Nanomasks for Preparing Graphene Ribbons with Sub-10 nm Gaps (2012)

We report a simple and highly efficient method for creating graphene nanostructures with gaps that can be controlled on the sub-10 nm length scale by utilizing etch masks comprised of electrochemically synthesized multisegmented metal nanowires. This method involves depositing striped nanowires with Au and Ni segments on a graphene-coated substrate, chemically etching the Ni segments, and using a reactive ion etch to remove the graphene not protected by the remaining Au segments. Graphene nanoribbons with gaps as small as 6 nm are fabricated and characterized with atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The high level of control afforded by electrochemical synthesis of the nanowires allows us to specify the dimensions of the nanoribbon, as well as the number, location, and size of nanogaps within the nanoribbon. In addition, the generality of this technique is demonstrated by creating silicon nanostructures with nanogaps.
Evidence for the decay X(3872)→ψ(2S)γ (2014)

Evidence for the decay mode X(3872)→ψ(2S)γ in B+→X(3872)K+ decays is found with a significance of 4.4 standard deviations. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton–proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1, collected with the LHCb detector, at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The ratio of the branching fraction of the X(3872)→ψ(2S)γ decay to that of the X(3872)→J/ψγ decay is measured to beB(X(3872)→ψ(2S)γ)B(X(3872)→J/ψγ)=2.46±0.64±0.29, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The measured value does not support a pure DD¯⁎ molecular interpretation of the X(3872) state.
Digital Video Delivery (2015)

The ubiquity of second screen devices, such as HD-capable smartphones and tablets, equipped with powerful video decoders enables TV view time on mobile devices to surpass view time on the TV. The Internet has become a key media distribution platform that has opened up new ways for discovering, sharing, and consuming TV content anywhere, anytime, and on any device. This chapter analyzes the game-changing trends in digital video delivery. JVT developed the H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10 advanced video coding (AVC) video coding standard, which is widely deployed in many online video streaming systems. Several stereoscopic 3D (S3D) networks have emerged following the success of James Cameron's blockbuster science fiction 3D movie Avatar in 2009. There are a variety of streaming boxes (e.g., Apple TV, Roku, Amazon Fire TV) and adapters (e.g., Chromecast, Roku). These devices allow smartphones and tablets to stream content to the TVs.
Free-breathing half-radial dual-echo balanced steady-state free precession thoracic imaging with wobbling Archimedean spiral pole trajectories (2022)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of high-resolution free-breathing thoracic imaging with bSTAR using the wobbling Archimedean spiral pole in healthy subjects at 1.5T.
Trapped waves in supersonic and hypersonic turbulent channel flow over porous walls – ERRATUM (2021)

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The ipsilateral acoustic impedance artifact and Rayleigh's radiation pressure. (1978)

This paper refutes the proposition that the ipsilateral acoustic impedance artifact is due to the effects of the radiation pressure of the stimulus sound field.
A far infrared/terahertz micromechanical sensor based on surface plasmons resonance (2008)

This paper describes a new concept related to the bolometric micromechanical sensors for detecting far IR and THz radiation. We believe that this concept permits a low cost and ease of fabrication of large bi-dimensional array of sensors with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. The micromechanical sensor comprises a thermo-sensitive bi-material (multi-material) micro-cantilever beam with a selective absorber dedicated to far IR and THz radiation energy, and optical readout system based on surface plasmon resonance for detecting the bending of the micro-cantilever element. To increase the radiation detector sensitivity, the SPR phenomenon is used for cantilever deflection monitoring.
Commercialization of Big Area Additive Manufacturing (CRADA NFE-16-06083 Final Report) (2020)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) first partnered with Cincinnati Incorporated (CI) through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) (NFE-14-04957) in 2014 to demonstrate the feasibility and viability of Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM). The first CRADA was a success and paved the way for large format additive manufacturing (LFAM). ORNL and CI partnered again for this second CRADA (NFE-16-06083) to improve process control, enhance printing capabilities, and shift towards production capability.
Filming Sport Events with Mobile Camera Drones: Mathematical Modeling and Algorithms (2012)

We introduce and formulate the Sport Event Filming (SEF) problem. We are interested in controlling the movement of a set of camera drones that are filming the event by moving over the field where the event takes place. The objective of the problem is to maximize the satisfaction of event viewers while minimizing the distance traveled by the camera-drones. We model the static version of the SEF problem as a Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Window (VRP-STW), where the whole sequence of actions in the event are known a priori. Since this assumption is unrealistic for real sport events, we propose two families of heuristics to solve the dynamic version of the problem, where the camera-drones do not have any knowledge of the input sequence and move in reaction to the movements of the protagonists of the event. The first family (Nearest Neighbor) is based on a technique used in robotic systems, whereas the second family (Ball Movement Interception) is designed based on specific characteristics of the SEF problem. We present extensive simulation results for both families in terms of average viewer satisfaction and traveled distance for the camera-drones, when several parameters vary.
Oxidation of Nb[sub 2]AlC and (Ti,Nb)[sub 2]AlC in Air (2003)

In this paper, we report on the oxidation kinetics in air of the ternary compounds (actual Nb:Al:C atomic ratios 1.95:1.05:0.95) and (actual Ti:Nb:Al:C ratios 0.94:1.06:0.93:0.94). In the 650-800°C temperature range, the oxidation reaction for the former occurs in two steps. First is At longer times and higher temperatures, and react to form for an overall reaction of In the 900-1200°C temperature range, oxidation of also occurs in two steps. First is At longer times and higher temperatures, and react to form for an overall reaction of In all cases, the oxidation occurs by the inward diffusion of oxygen. The formation of substantially enhances the oxidation resistance of relative to that of At 650 and 900°C the oxidation kinetics are subparabolic, with time exponents of and for and respectively. At 700 and 750°C, the oxidation kinetics of are linear, with rates comparable to those for the oxidation of pure Nb. The oxidation kinetics for at temperatures between 1000 and 1100°C start parabolic but become linear at longer times. At 1200°C, the oxidation is parabolic up to about 16 h; beyond that, the oxide layers tend to spall off. At 1200°C, a Nb-aluminide phase is observed at the oxide/material interface after 4 h of oxidation. Further oxidation leads to the formation of an -rich oxide phase at the oxide/substrate. Based on this work, the maximum extended-use temperature for in air is 650°C; for it is 900°C. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.