gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of High Accuracy Automatic Magnification Calibration Function for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (2005)

Abstract In the field of semiconductor development and failure analysis, metrology of layers such as gate oxide layer is one of the important analysis due to determine semiconductor itself characteristics. The number of requirements of metrology is increasing by using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. High accurate metrology depends on accuracy of magnification of electron microscope. We developed accurate magnification calibration for scanning transmission microscope. This method is carried out by using micro scale specimen and silicon single crystal lattice fringe images. We achieved absolute magnification error of less than 2% for all magnification. This microscope provides high accuracy metrology for semiconductor device. We describe an automatic magnification calibration function for the high magnification range required to accurately measure features from a few to tens of nm in size.
FPGA implementation of an adaptive modulation method for a three-phase grid-tied PV CHB inverter (2015)

This work deals with an optimal control strategy for a three-phase grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) cascade H-bridge inverter. The main challenge for the control of this system topology derives from the inherent power imbalance among the phases as well as from the different power levels of the H-bridge cells in each phase leg. The power imbalance among the phases is compensated by the injection of a proper zero-sequence voltage. The power distribution among the cells of each phase could be affected by uneven irradiance and temperature conditions of PVGs (PV Generators). This latter issue is addressed by means of an adaptive modulation method especially suited to manage unequal dc sources, while assuring stable circuit operation and maximizing the power extraction through a dedicated MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm. The digital controller is developed and tested in Matlab/Simulink environment integrated with XSG (Xilinx System Generator), thus allowing an easy transfer on FPGA embedded in dSPACE real-time platform. Simulations and experimental results prove the validity of the proposed design and control approach.
Optimal Control of an Under-Actuated System for Landing With Desired Postures (2010)

Control over landing posture can effectively prevent structural damage when a portable device is accidentally dropped. Given size and cost constraints, the number of actuators should be limited. This paper presents an optimal posture control method that allows an under-actuated system to land with the desired posture. A simplified model of a portable computer/telephone is considered, comprising two rigid bodies and an active joint. The objective is to minimize the input torque produced by the actuator to achieve the desired posture. A two-point boundary value problem is formulated; i.e., the initial and final angular positions and velocities are predetermined, and the inequality constraints are established on the basis of the capacity of the actuator and acceptable level of state variables. In the numerical analysis, the backward-sweep algorithm is applied to determine the appropriate Lagrange multiplier, and the falling dynamics are explored using MATLAB. The optimal controller design is presented, together with simulation results confirming that the system is capable of performing landing posture control with minimum input torque.
ChemInform Abstract: Occurrence of Superoxide Radical Ion in Crystalline 12 CaO·7 Al2O3 Prepared via Solid‐State Reactions. (1987)

Abstract As shown by ESR spectroscopic measurements high concentration of O 2 ‐ (4·10 18 units g ‐1 ) occurs as a guest of inherent structural cavity in crystalline 12 CaO·7 Al 2 O 3 prepared by reaction of CaCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 (or Al(OH) 3 ) powders without any accompanying irradiation.
Case Studies Using Immersive Virtual Assembly in Industry (2004)

The Virtual Assembly Technology Consortium is a university/government/industry consortium that seeks to investigate the application of virtual assembly methods in mechanical system assembly processes. In this paper we report three categories of engineering case studies that have been developed by the consortium members over the past two years, describe the overall methodology, and then proceed to feature specific details of two key case studies. An engineering case study has been defined as an account of an engineering activity, event or problem containing some of the background and complexities actually encountered by an engineer, with the objective of providing a medium for learning. The objective of the case studies was to assist consortium members in demonstrating and validating the use of immersive virtual assembly technologies and tools in the simulation of factory floor manufacturing processes. What is of special significance is that instead of modeling simplified problems or perceived representative situations, the case studies were constructed from actual assembly floor projects and situations encountered at industry member sites and with considerable participation from industry engineers and manufacturing shop floor personnel. Based on the success of the case studies, the consortium members inferred that virtual assembly methods are poised to move out of the realm of special projects and test scenarios to deployment in the actual design and manufacturing cycle. However, in order to be truly accepted in industry, there are still issues to be addressed in terms of ease of use, portability of the applications, and preparation of the models for the evaluations. Thus, the case studies added a new dimension to the exploration and understanding of how this new technology could be of practical value in industry.
Effect of the nitrogen content of cold-rolled SUS 304 stainless steel on its hydrogen embrittlement. Reikan atsuenshita SUS304 stainless ko no suiso zeika tokusei ni oyobosu chisso no eikyo (1992)

Effects of nitrogen addition on hydrogen embrittlement were investigated for cold-rolled SUS 304 stainless steel specimens with nitrogen content of 0.05%, and 0.18%. The number of bendings before failure in the bend test was measured to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement. For H-charged specimens with Vickers hardness below HV400, the number of bendings before fuilure increases with incresing amount of addition of nitrogen, The ratio of hydrogen embrittlement increases with increasing Vickers hardness and is influenced by nitrogen addition with specimens whose Vickers hardness is below HV400. The ratio of hydrogen embrittlement is similar for the specimens of 0.05% and 0.13% N contents and larger than that of the specimens containing 0.18% N. The ratios of hydrogen embrittlement are almost the same for all types of the specimens whose Vickers hardness is around HV400. The hydrogen embrittlement is originated in strain induced alpha prime and epsilon martensite. The ratio of hydrogen embrittlement increases with increasing amount of alpha prime and epsilon martensite, however, the effect of epsilon martensite content on the hydrogen embrittlement is observed with specimens whose alpha prime martesite content is less than 35%. 22 refs., 13 figs., 2 tabs.
DNA conformational kinetics (1979)

Abstract A model for the time dependence of DNA conformational state probabilities is formulated in the form of first‐order differential equations. This model is applied to investigate the renaturation and denaturation rates for T2 and T7 DNA as reported in the series of experiments by Record and Zimm. Qualitative agreement is found in denaturation and for series of renaturation experiments with the same initial condition. However, partial agreement with series of renaturation experiments having the same final condition is obtained only by including an initial bimolecular step with properly matched pairs of strands. Comparison of all experiments with the calculated rates yields 5 × 10 4 min −1 as the step rate for melting a single base pair.
Posttranslational modification of microtubules by the MATCAP detyrosinase (2022)

The detyrosination-tyrosination cycle involves the removal and religation of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin and is implicated in cognitive, cardiac, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin-small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) complex underlies much, but not all, detyrosination. We used haploid genetic screens to identify an unannotated protein, microtubule associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP), as a remaining detyrosinating enzyme. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structures established MATCAP's cleaving mechanism, substrate specificity, and microtubule recognition. Paradoxically, whereas abrogation of tyrosine religation is lethal in mice, codeletion of MATCAP and SVBP is not. Although viable, defective detyrosination caused microcephaly, associated with proliferative defects during neurogenesis, and abnormal behavior. Thus, MATCAP is a missing component of the detyrosination-tyrosination cycle, revealing the importance of this modification in brain formation.
Estimated fetal radiation dose from multislice CT studies. (1990)

It is often necessary to estimate the dose of radiation to a fetus from a series of CT scans. To assist in making this process easier and more accurate, we measured fetal doses in an adult anthropomorphic phantom for four CT scanners: Picker 1200, Siemens DRH, GE 9800, and GE 8800. Measurements were made at four kilovoltages (100, 120, 130, and 140 kVp), for 2-, 5-, 8-, and 10-mm thicknesses, for two scanning angles (360 degrees and 398 degrees) and for two patient orientations (prone and supine). The fetal-dose estimates are based on the CT dose index measured by using a pencil ionization chamber at the center position of a 16-cm-diameter cylindrical phantom. Comparison with data from other investigators shows reasonable agreement when phantom differences, X-ray tube output, and equipment calibration are considered.
Pilot-Scale Gasification of Corn Stover, Switchgrass, Wheat Straw, and Wood: 1. Parametric Study and Comparison with Literature (2010)

A parametric study of the gasification of four feedstocks (corn stover, switchgrass, wheat straw, and wood) has been performed on an experimental, pilot-scale (0.5 ton/day) gasification facility. A comparison was made of the performance of the gasifier as a function of feedstock, in terms of the syngas production and composition. In these experiments, pelletized feedstock was used, so that the shapes and sizes of the materials did not influence the results. A total of 22 statistically designed experimental conditions were examined for each feedstock, including the effects of varying the temperature of the fluidized bed, the temperature of the secondary thermal cracker, and the steam-to-biomass ratio. For each experimental condition, the permanent-gas composition was measured continuously by gas chromatography (GC). Tars were measured continuously using a molecular-beam mass spectrometer (MBMS). Sulfur analysis by GC was also conducted for three of the feedstocks studied. The results from this study show that there were significant differences between the feedstocks studied in terms of light gases formed, but less apparent variation in tar formation. In general, the variations in products were smaller at higher temperatures. A preliminary analysis of gasifier efficiency was performed using an Aspen Plus process model for selected gasification conditions. Finally, a comparison was made between the results of this work and other similar biomass gasification studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Saturated Perfluorocarbons. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antiviral Innate Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Adults Negatively Affects H1/IC31-Induced Vaccine-Specific Memory CD4+T Cells (2015)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, with vaccination being a necessary strategy for disease containment and elimination. A TB vaccine should be safe and immunogenic as well as efficacious in all affected populations, including HIV-infected individuals. We investigated the induction and maintenance of vaccine-induced memory CD4(+) T cells following vaccination with the subunit vaccine H1/IC31. H1/IC31 was inoculated twice on study days 0 and 56 among HIV-infected adults with CD4(+) lymphocyte counts of >350 cells/mm(3). Whole venous blood stimulation was conducted with the H1 protein, and memory CD4(+) T cells were analyzed using intracellular cytokine staining and polychromatic flow cytometry. We identified high responders, intermediate responders, and nonresponders based on detection of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) expressing central (TCM) and effector memory CD4(+) T cells (TEM) 182 days after the first immunization. Amplicon-based transcript quantification using next-generation sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes that correlated with vaccine-induced immune responses. Genes implicated in resolution of inflammation discriminated the responders from the nonresponders 3 days after the first inoculation. The volunteers with higher expression levels of genes involved in antiviral innate immunity at baseline showed impaired H1-specific TCM and TEM maintenance 6 months after vaccination. Our study showed that in HIV-infected volunteers, expression levels of genes involved in the antiviral innate immune response affected long-term maintenance of H1/IC31 vaccine-induced cellular immunity. (The clinical trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry [PACTR] with the identifier PACTR201105000289276.).
Cerium(IV) Trifluoromethanesulfonate (2001)

[107792-63-2] C4CeF12O12S4 (MW 736.34) InChI = 1S/4CHF3O3S.Ce/c4*2-1(3,4)8(5,6)7;/h4*(H,5,6,7);/q;;;;+4/p-4 InChIKey = BYAJTISDHIASIP-UHFFFAOYSA-J (oxidizing agent for benzyl alcohols and toluenes) Alternate Name: ceric triflate. Solubility: sol water, THF, DME, dioxane; insol dichloromethane, hexane, benzene. Form Supplied in: yellow solid. Preparative Methods: by the reaction of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid with freshly prepared cerium(IV) carbonate.1 The reagent can be prepared in situ by the electrochemical oxidation of Ce(OTf)3 in aqueous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.2 Purification: thus far the reagent has only been used in crude form as prepared above. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent is extremely hygroscopic and should be stored under strict absence of moisture. This reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
The Impact of Pertinent Parameters on the Design of Hydraulic Fracturing in Gas Condensate Reservoirs (SPE94074) (2005)

SPE 94074 The Impact of Pertinent Parameters on the Design of Hydraulic Fracturing in Gas Condensate Reservoirs G.A. Carvajal A. Danesh M. Jamiolahmady and M. Sohrabi Petroleum Engineering Inst. Heriot-Watt U. Copyright 2005 Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference held in Madrid Spain 13-16 June 2005. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper as presented have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction
Graph-Based Topic-Focused Retrieval in Distributed Camera Network (2013)

Wide-area wireless camera networks are being increasingly deployed in many urban scenarios. The large amount of data generated from these cameras pose significant information processing challenges. In this work, we focus on representation, search and retrieval of moving objects in the scene, with emphasis on local camera node video analysis. We develop a graph model that captures the relationships among objects without the need to identify global trajectories. Specifically, two types of edges are defined in the graph: object edges linking the same object across the whole network and context edges linking different objects within a spatial-temporal proximity. We propose a manifold ranking method with a greedy diversification step to order the relevant items based on similarity as well as diversity within the database. Detailed experimental results using video data from a 10-camera network covering bike paths are presented.
Correction: Human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 gene expression in intestinal Caco-2 cells and in hepatocellular carcinoma (2020)

Biochem. J. (2006) 394: 617–626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20051417The authors of the original article ‘Human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 gene expression in intestinal Caco-2 cells and in hepatocellular carcinoma’ (Biochemical Journal [2006] 394[3], DOI:10.1042/BJ20051417) would like to address concerns raised by a reader regarding the duplication of loading controls in Figures 4D, 5A–F and 6C in their published paper. The authors have addressed these concerns with the explanations provided below, clarifying that the same controls have been used across all analysis and taking into consideration that the figures published in the original research paper had been prepared according to generally accepted standards at that time.In Fig 4D, the same set of protein samples was used for ACAT2 (45 kDa), Cdx2 (37 kDa), HNF1α (90 kDa) and β-actin (42 kDa) blotting. The Cdx2 blot corresponded to lanes 1 and 2 of the left panel and the HNF1α blot corresponded to lanes 1 and 3 of the left panel. The β-actin blot in the left panel was the loading control used for the ACAT2, Cdx2, and HNF1α blots for quantitation purposes. The irrelevant β-actin blots on top of Cdx2 and HNF1α were accidentally placed and should have been deleted. We apologize for the mistake that might have caused confusion.In Fig 5, the Caco-2 cells were differentiated for 0(d0), 2(d2), 4(d4) and 8(d8) days, respectively. The expressions of Cdx2, HNF1α, and ACAT2 were measured by RT-PCR (A–C) and by Western blotting (D–F). In A–C, the same set of RNA samples was used for RT-PCR analyses of GAPDH, ACAT2, Cdx2 and HNF1α. In D–F, the same set of protein samples was used for Western blotting of β-actin (42 kDa), Cdx2 (37 kDa), HNF1α (90 kDa) and ACAT2 (45 kDa). We put the same GAPDH photo in (A–C) and the same β-actin blot in (D–F) for quantitation purposes because we thought this arrangement would be easy to read. Based on the updated figure preparation standards, the GAPDH and β-actin images shown in (Fig 5B, C, E, F) should be deleted.In Fig 6C, the same set of protein samples was used for Western blotting of ACAT2 (45 kDa), Cdx2 (37 kDa), HNF1α (90 kDa), and β-actin (42 kDa). We placed the same β-actin blot on top of the ACAT2, Cdx2 and HNF1α blots because we thought this arrangement would be easy to read. Based on the updated figure preparation standards, the β-actin image on top of Cdx2 and HNF1α should be deleted.We have no intention to use the same result and publish it as result of different experiments. We do apologize for using a format to organize the data that might have caused confusion among some readers. We hope this correction helps to clarify these points.
Excitatory Motor Neurons are Local Central Pattern Generators in an Anatomically Compressed Motor Circuit for Reverse Locomotion (2017)

Abstract Central pattern generators are cell‐ or network-driven oscillators that underlie motor rhythmicity. The existence and identity of C. elegans CPGs remain unknown. Through cell ablation, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging, we identified oscillators for reverse locomotion. We show that the cholinergic and excitatory class A motor neurons exhibit intrinsic and oscillatory activity, and such an activity can drive reverse locomotion without premotor interneurons. Regulation of their oscillatory activity, either through effecting an endogenous constituent of oscillation, the P/Q/N high voltage-activated calcium channel UNC-2, or, via dual regulation – inhibition and activation ‐ by the descending premotor interneurons AVA, determines the propensity, velocity, and sustention of reverse locomotion. Thus, the reversal motor executors themselves serve as oscillators; regulation of their intrinsic activity controls the reversal motor state. These findings exemplify anatomic and functional compression: motor executors integrate the role of rhythm generation in a locomotor network that is constrained by small cell numbers.
ASIC developments for high speed serial data transmission in particle physics experiments (2012)

Abstract We report R&D results on two integrated circuit designs: a 5 Gbps 16:1 serializer and a 5 GHz LC phase-locked-loop (PLL). The prototypes were fabricated with a commercial thin-film silicon-on-sapphire 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Both the serializer and the PLL have been evaluated to meet design goals and tested against operation conditions in the environment of a particle physics detector front-end for the proposed HL-LHC upgrade.
Synthesis and aggregation properties of a new family of amphiphiles with an unusual headgroup topology (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and aggregation properties of a new family of amphiphiles with an unusual headgroup topologyThomas M. Stein and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3943–3950Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts