gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grafting with RAFT—gRAFT Strategies to Prepare Hybrid Nanocarriers with Core-shell Architecture (2020)

Stimuli-responsive polymer materials are used in smart nanocarriers to provide the stimuli-actuated mechanical and chemical changes that modulate cargo delivery. To take full advantage of the potential of stimuli-responsive polymers for controlled delivery applications, these have been grafted to the surface of mesoporous silica particles (MSNs), which are mechanically robust, have very large surface areas and available pore volumes, uniform and tunable pore sizes and a large diversity of surface functionalization options. Here, we explore the impact of different RAFT-based grafting strategies on the amount of a pH-responsive polymer incorporated in the shell of MSNs. Using a "grafting to" (gRAFT-<i>to</i>) approach we studied the effect of polymer chain size on the amount of polymer in the shell. This was compared with the results obtained with a "grafting from" (gRAFT-<i>from</i>) approach, which yield slightly better polymer incorporation values. These two traditional grafting methods yield relatively limited amounts of polymer incorporation, due to steric hindrance between free chains in "grafting to" and to termination reactions between growing chains in "grafting from." To increase the amount of polymer in the nanocarrier shell, we developed two strategies to improve the "grafting from" process. In the first, we added a cross-linking agent (gRAFT-<i>cross</i>) to limit the mobility of the growing polymer and thus decrease termination reactions at the MSN surface. On the second, we tested a hybrid grafting process (gRAFT-<i>hybrid</i>) where we added MSNs functionalized with chain transfer agent to the reaction media containing monomer and growing free polymer chains. Our results show that both modifications yield a significative increase in the amount of grafted polymer.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolite Supported Rhodium Carbonyls from Rh(allyl)3 and Their Use as 1‐Hexene Hydroformylation Catalysts. (1987)

Abstract Rh has been introduced to protonated zeolite Y (HY) and partially protonated zeolite Y (5% HNaY) as the tris(allyl) complex Rh(C 3 H 5 ) 3 .
High-Efficiency Class-E Power Amplifiers for mmWave Radar Sensors: Design and Implementation (2022)

This article presents high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) implemented in Texas Instruments’ (TI) 130-nm BiCMOS process for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar sensors. A new Class-E output network based on a doubly tuned (DT) transformer is proposed to enable high-efficiency mmWave operation. The proposed Class-E network allows increasing PA device size beyond the traditional Class-E design limits while preserving nonoverlapping Class-E current and voltage waveforms. Design examples for single-ended and differential implementation of the proposed Class-E network are presented in this article. Three PA prototypes (a 79-GHz two-stage PA, a 63-GHz single-stage PA, and a 79-GHz single-stage PA) have been designed and fabricated in a high-volume production 130-nm BiCMOS process. A Class-E interstage network with a split-and-combine 45° transformer is employed in the two-stage PA to ease driving the last stage PA devices. Device layout optimization for improved efficiency is described in this article. The measurement results achieve a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 30.5%/34.7%/32.6% with an output power of 17/18.1/17 dBm for the 79-GHz two-stage, 63-GHz single-stage, and 79-GHz single-stage PAs, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these are the record PAE numbers reported for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band PAs in any silicon process, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed DT transformer-based Class-E output network.
Structure-Based Design and Evaluation of Naphthalene Diimide G-Quadruplex Ligands As Telomere Targeting Agents in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2013)

Tetra-substituted naphthalene diimide (ND) derivatives with positively charged termini are potent stabilizers of human telomeric and gene promoter DNA quadruplexes and inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study reports the enhancement of the pharmacological properties of earlier ND compounds using structure-based design. Crystal structures of three complexes with human telomeric intramolecular quadruplexes demonstrate that two of the four strongly basic N-methyl-piperazine groups can be replaced by less basic morpholine groups with no loss of intermolecular interactions in the grooves of the quadruplex. The new compounds retain high affinity to human telomeric quadruplex DNA but are 10-fold more potent against the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line, with IC50 values of ~10 nM. The lead compound induces cellular senescence but does not inhibit telomerase activity at the nanomolar dosage levels required for inhibition of cellular proliferation. Gene array qPCR analysis of MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with the lead compound revealed significant dose-dependent modulation of a distinct subset of genes, including strong induction of DNA damage responsive genes CDKN1A, DDIT3, GADD45A/G, and PPM1D, and repression of genes involved in telomere maintenance, including hPOT1 and PARP1.
Single-mode fiber-optic components (1981)

In the process of studying single-mode fiber optic systems it became rapidly apparent a few years ago that it would be desirable to perform a number of functions with in-line components, which would allow for signal processing without the removal of the optical signal from the fiber. Some advantages of single-mode fiber optic components over conventional bulk optic components would be reduction of insertion loss, high stability, and compactness. They would also be free of difficulties involved in interfacing their integrated optic counterparts to single mode fiber optic systems.
Mannan‐Binding Lectin (MBL) and MBL‐Associated Serine Protease 2 (MASP‐2) Genotypes in Colorectal Cancer (2010)

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) are key factors of the lectin pathway of complement activation. Polymorphisms of the MBL2 and MASP-2 genes affect serum levels of MBL and MASP-2. In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the MBL and MASP-2 serum levels are increased and high MASP-2 levels are associated with recurrence and poor survival, whereas low MBL levels predict post-operative pneumonia. It is not known whether these associations are genetically based. In this study, the MBL and MASP-2 genotypes are investigated in 593 patients with CRC and 348 healthy controls. The potential association between genetic profile and infections, recurrence and survival is evaluated. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MBL2 were analysed using TaqMan assays, with characterization of MBL2 wildtype A, variants B, C and D and alleles H/L, Y/X and P/Q. The SNP D120G for MASP-2 was determined. Serum levels of MBL and MASP-2 were measured. The MBL2 and MASP-2 genotype distribution was similar among patients with CRC and healthy controls and MBL2 genotype significantly associated with MBL concentration in serum (P<0.0001). No significant association between MBL2/MASP-2 genotype and post-operative infectious complications (P=0.33 and 0.22), recurrent cancer or survival (P=0.74 and P=0.61 respectively) was found. Thus, the increased serum levels of MBL and MASP-2 found in patients with CRC are not explained for by genetic profiles. In contrast to what has been demonstrated for serum levels of MBL and MASP-2, the genotypes do not predict disease course of the CRC patients.
A cellphone for all standards (2002)

A new technology called software-defined radio (SDR) could make it possible to keep the same cellphone when switching from one service provider to another to take advantage of deals and new service options, assuming, of course, that service providers choose to adopt it. Software programmability can tailor a cellphone-or any other kind of radio-so that it operates on whatever radio-interface standard is required. As well as looking at how SDR can be used in mobile phone handsets, the article describes the technology and some of the other areas where it is, or may be, applied.
A Compact Resonant Switched-Capacitor Heater for Lithium-Ion Battery Self-Heating at Low Temperatures (2019)

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries endure substantial energy loss and power recession under cold environments, requiring to be heated before starting normal operations in electric vehicles (EVs). Currently, many internal ac heating approaches powered by batteries have been proposed to achieve a fast heating speed, high efficiency, and good uniformity. However, due to the bulky size, high cost, and low ac heating frequency, the existing ac heating devices are generally improper for EV applications. In the light of this, a compact high-frequency heater is proposed in this article to achieve effective self-heating for Li-ion batteries. Specifically, based upon the resonant switched capacitors (RSCs), this heater is only powered by the on-board battery pack, leading to an easy implementation. Detailed analytical expressions of the heating current and efficiency are deduced and validated through various experiments. Illustrative results demonstrate that the proposed RSC heater is capable of effectively realizing battery self-heating without using external devices. Particularly, a reliable tradeoff between the fast heating speed (2.67 °C/min) and high efficiency (96.4%) is obtained by using two or more parallel-connected heaters. Due to the compact size, low price, high efficiency, and good reliability, the proposed heater can be also extended to preheat batteries of unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, phones, etc.
Construction and characterisation of aYersinia enterocoliticaO:8ompRmutant (1998)

The ompR-envZ two-component regulatory system has been shown to contribute to virulence in a number of enteric bacterial pathogens. A Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 ompR homologue was amplified, cloned and sequenced, showing 99.2% homology to the Escherichia coli OmpR. An isogenic ompR mutant was constructed by reverse genetics-based methodology. The mutant was shown to have increased sensitivity to high osmolarity, high temperature and low pH stresses in vitro. In the murine yersiniosis model, the mutant was attenuated and offered partial protection against wild-type challenge.
Neprilysin Is Identical to Skin Fibroblast Elastase (2010)

Although human skin fibroblast (HSF) elastase has been characterized as a membrane-bound metalloproteinase, little is known about its structure, amino acid sequence, and encoding gene. As there are similarities in the molecular weights and inhibitory profiles of HSF elastase and neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP)), in this study we tested the hypothesis that they are identical using immunoprecipitation and transfection methods. An immunoprecipitation study demonstrated that HSF elastase activity co-immunoprecipitated with anti-NEP in lysates of cultured HSF. Transfection of an NEP cDNA expression vector into COS-1 cells elicited the expression of HSF elastase and NEP activities in the transfected cells. These findings strongly suggest that HSF elastase is identical to NEP, which functions mainly in neuron-associated cells to degrade neuropeptides. Analysis of the expression pattern of NEP revealed that its expression was remarkably up-regulated at the gene, protein, and enzymatic activity levels during the replicative senescence of cultured HSF. Further, the activity of NEP was markedly enhanced in a pattern similar to elastase activity during the intrinsic aging of mouse skin, in UVA-exposed HSF as well as in HSF treated with conditioned medium from UVB-exposed human keratinocytes. Analysis of the cytokine profile for the stimulation of NEP and HSF elastase activities in HSF demonstrated that among the 11 cytokines tested, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF had the potential to significantly stimulate both activities similarly, again supporting the identity of HSF elastase and NEP.
Inter-α-inhibitor Impairs TSG-6-induced Hyaluronan Cross-linking (2013)

Under inflammatory conditions and in the matrix of the cumulus-oocyte complex, the polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) becomes decorated covalently with heavy chains (HCs) of the serum glycoprotein inter-α-inhibitor (IαI). This alters the functional properties of the HA as well as its structural role within extracellular matrices. The covalent transfer of HCs from IαI to HA is catalyzed by TSG-6 (tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6), but TSG-6 is also known as a HA cross-linker that induces condensation of the HA matrix. Here, we investigate the interplay of these two distinct functions of TSG-6 by studying the ternary interactions of IαI and TSG-6 with well defined films of end-grafted HA chains. We demonstrate that TSG-6-mediated cross-linking of HA films is impaired in the presence of IαI and that this effect suppresses the TSG-6-mediated enhancement of HA binding to CD44-positive cells. Furthermore, we find that the interaction of TSG-6 and IαI in the presence of HA gives rise to two types of complexes that independently promote the covalent transfer of heavy chains to HA. One type of complex interacts very weakly with HA and is likely to correspond to the previously reported covalent HC·TSG-6 complexes. The other type of complex is novel and binds stably but noncovalently to HA. Prolonged incubation with TSG-6 and IαI leads to HA films that contain, in addition to covalently HA-bound HCs, several tightly but noncovalently bound molecular species. These findings have important implications for understanding how the biological activities of TSG-6 are regulated, such that the presence or absence of IαI will dictate its function.
Rotational-position-aware real-time disk scheduling using a dynamic active subset (DAS) (2004)

Scheduling disk requests with service guarantees has to bring the demand to meet guarantees in line with the need to optimize disk utilization. This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of a disk-scheduling framework which optimizes the disk utilization under the constraints of both hard and statistical service guarantees. The framework is based on two principles: 1) upon each scheduling decision, the calculation of a subset of the outstanding disk requests such that all service guarantees can be enforced under worst-case assumptions; and 2) the scheduling of this subset based on the rotational position of requests in order to improve the disk utilization. Results are presented through an implementation of the scheduling framework in DROPS, the Dresden real-time operating system.
CCDC 744291: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2009)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Bayesian analysis of case control polygenic etiology studies with missing data (2001)

Many genetic studies are based on analysing multiple DNA regions of cases and controls. Usually each is tested separately for association with disease. However, some diseases may require interacting polymorphisms at several regions, and most disease susceptibility is polygenic. In this paper, we develop new methods for determining combinations of polymorphisms that affect the risk of disease. For example, two different genes might produce normal proteins, but these proteins improperly function when they occur together. We consider a Bayesian approach to analyse studies where DNA data from cases and controls have been analysed for polymorphisms at multiple regions and a polygenic etiology is suspected. The method of Gibbs sampling is used to incorporate data from individuals who have not had every region analysed at the DNA sequence or amino acid level. The Gibbs sampling algorithm alternatively generates a sample from the posterior distribution of the sequence of combinations of polymorphisms in cases and controls and then uses this sample to impute the data that are missing. After convergence the algorithm is used to generate a sample from the posterior distribution for the probability of each combination in order to identify groups of polymorphisms that best discriminate cases from controls. We apply the methods to a genetic study of type I diabetes. The protein encoded by the TAP2 gene is important in T cell function, and thus may affect the development of autoimmune diseases such as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We determine pairs of polymorphisms of genetic fragments in the coding regions of linked HLA genes that may impact the risk of IDDM.
Self-Assembled Hydrogel Microparticle-Based Tooth-Germ Organoids (2022)

Here, we describe the characterization of tooth-germ organoids, three-dimensional (3D) constructs cultured in vitro with the potential to develop into living teeth. To date, the methods used to successfully create tooth organoids capable of forming functional teeth have been quite limited. Recently, hydrogel microparticles (HMP) have demonstrated utility in tissue repair and regeneration based on their useful characteristics, including their scaffolding ability, effective cell and drug delivery, their ability to mimic the natural tissue extracellular matrix, and their injectability. These outstanding properties led us to investigate the utility of using HMPs (average diameter: 158 ± 32 µm) derived from methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) (degree of substitution: 100%) to create tooth organoids. The tooth organoids were created by seeding human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and porcine dental epithelial cells (pDE) onto the HMPs, which provided an extensive surface area for the cells to effectively attach and proliferate. Interestingly, the cell-seeded HMPs cultured on low-attachment tissue culture plates with gentle rocking self-assembled into organoids, within which the cells maintained their viability and morphology throughout the incubation period. The self-assembled organoids reached a volume of ~50 mm<sup>3</sup> within two weeks of the in vitro tissue culture. The co-cultured hDPSC-HMP and pDE-HMP structures effectively attached to each other without any externally applied forces. The presence of polarized, differentiated dental cells in these composite tooth-bud organoids demonstrated the potential of self-assembled dental cell HMPs to form tooth-bud organoid-like structures for potential applications in tooth regeneration strategies.
Classical Emulation of Bright Quantum States (2023)

Abstract The way to emulate classically a number of fundamental quantum mechanical experiments is shown, such as Hong‐Ou‐Mandel interference, phase measurements with NOON states and specifically structured “revivals” in Jaynes‐Cummings model using coherent states with large number of photons. It is also shown that certain classes of bright non‐classical states can be efficiently emulated by our technique independently of the average photon number of these states.
COMPUTER TEST LOGICS FOR AUTOMATIC PERIMETRY (1977)

Using an automatic computerized perimeter developed by Heijl & Krakau (1975b) three different perimetric test logics, one simple (I) and two more complicated and time-consuming (II & III) were investigated in practical experiments on healthy normal test subjects and patients and in computer simulated tests. The patients either had a verified diagnosis of glaucoma or glaucoma was suspected. The best consistency in measured thresholds was obtained with test logic II, in which an averaging procedure is used. The variation of the results was larger in pathological than in normal visual fields. All test logics investigated readily detected the pathological field defects, but blind spots could easier pass unrecognized with the simplest logic than with the other two logics. The conclusion is drawn that a simple test logic can be used for perimetry in glaucoma suspects if no visual field defect has previously been documented. For the follow-up of pathological fields a fairly complicated test logic, e.g. using averaging, is preferable.
Parasitic Reactions in Nanosized Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

When designing nano-Si electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, the detrimental effect of the c-Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub> phase formed upon full lithiation is often a concern. In this study, Si nanoparticles with controlled particle sizes and morphology were synthesized, and parasitic reactions of the metastable c-Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub> phase with the nonaqueous electrolyte was investigated. The use of smaller Si nanoparticles (∼60 nm) and the addition of fluoroethylene carbonate additive played decisive roles in the parasitic reactions such that the c-Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub> phase could disappear at the end of lithiation. This suppression of c-Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub> improved the cycle life of the nano-Si electrodes but with a little loss of specific capacity. In addition, the characteristic c-Li<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>4</sub> peak in the differential capacity (dQ/dV) plots can be used as an early-stage indicator of cell capacity fade during cycling. Our findings can contribute to the design guidelines of Si electrodes and allow us to quantify another factor to the performance of the Si electrodes.
Graph Signal Restoration Using Nested Deep Algorithm Unrolling (2022)

Graph signal processing is a ubiquitous task in many applications such as sensor, social, transportation and brain networks, point cloud processing, and graph neural networks. Often, graph signals are corrupted in the sensing process, thus requiring restoration. In this paper, we propose two graph signal restoration methods based on deep algorithm unrolling (DAU). First, we present a graph signal denoiser by unrolling iterations of the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). We then suggest a general restoration method for linear degradation by unrolling iterations of Plug-and-Play ADMM (PnP-ADMM). In the second approach, the unrolled ADMM-based denoiser is incorporated as a submodule, leading to a nested DAU structure. The parameters in the proposed denoising/restoration methods are trainable in an end-to-end manner. Our approach is interpretable and keeps the number of parameters small since we only tune graph-independent regularization parameters. We overcome two main challenges in existing graph signal restoration methods: 1) limited performance of convex optimization algorithms due to fixed parameters which are often determined manually. 2) large number of parameters of graph neural networks that result in difficulty of training. Several experiments for graph signal denoising and interpolation are performed on synthetic and real-world data. The proposed methods show performance improvements over several existing techniques in terms of root mean squared error in both tasks.
Green Nanofabrication: Unconventional Approaches for the Conservative Use of Energy (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Green Approaches to Nanofabrication Future Directions: Toward “Zero-Cost” Fabrication Conclusions Acknowledgments References