gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Prediction from Planning Perspective: Problem Formulation, Representation Simplification and Evaluation Metric (2018)

Accurate probabilistic prediction for intention and motion of road users is a key prerequisite to achieve safe and high-quality decision-making and motion planning for autonomous driving. Typically, the performance of probabilistic predictions was only evaluated by learning metrics for approximation to the motion distribution in the dataset. However, as a module supporting decision and planning, probabilistic prediction should also be evaluated from decision and planning perspective. Moreover, the evaluation of probabilistic prediction highly relies on the problem formulation variation and motion representation simplification, which lacks a formal foundation in a comprehensive framework. To address such concerns, we provide a systematic and unified framework for the analysis of three under-explored aspects of probabilistic prediction: problem formulation, representation simplification and evaluation metric. More importantly, we address the omitted but crucial problems in the three aspects from decision and planning perspective. In addition to a review of learning metrics, metrics to be considered from planning perspective are highlighted, such as planning consequence of inaccurate and erroneous prediction, as well as violations of predicted motions to planning constraints. We address practical formulation variations of prediction problems, such as decision-maker view and blind view for viewpoint, as well as reactive prediction for interaction, so that decision and planning can be facilitated.
Efficient Bitmap Signaling for VoIP in OFDMA (2007)

The communication system is currently undergoing a convergence to IP services. As a result, voice over internet protocol (VoIP) will be commonplace in the near future. In order to maximize the voice capacity, the overhead associated with controlling VoIP transmissions must be carefully managed. The current efforts in B3G (beyond 3G) standards development to efficiently control VoIP transmissions by grouping VoIP users into scheduling groups, assigning the group a set of shared time-frequency resources, and using bitmap signaling to allocate resources were detailed in [1]. This paper introduces several improvement mechanisms which enhance the basic concept outlined in [1]. System level simulations are used to validate the improved signaling technique and show that the technique can efficiently support 133 VoIP users per megahertz in a VoIP only system and 64 VoIP users per megahertz plus 1.05 Mbps for the traffic mixed considered in a mixed VoIP/data system.
Filtered OFDM: A new waveform for future wireless systems (2015)

A spectrally-localized waveform is proposed based on filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (f-OFDM). By allowing the filter length to exceed the cyclic prefix (CP) length of OFDM and designing the filter appropriately, the proposed f-OFDM waveform can achieve a desirable frequency localization for bandwidths as narrow as a few tens of subcarriers, while keeping the inter-symbol interference/inter-carrier interference (ISI/ICI) within an acceptable limit. Enabled by the proposed f-OFDM, an asynchronous filtered orthogonal frequency division multiple access (f-OFDMA)/filtered discrete-Fourier transform-spread OFDMA (f-DFT-S-OFDMA) scheme is introduced, which uses the spectrum shaping filter at each transmitter for side lobe leakage elimination and a bank of filters at the receiver for inter-user interference rejection. Per-user downsampling and short fast Fourier transform (FFT) are used at the receiver to ensure a reasonable complexity of implementation. The proposed scheme removes the inter-user time-synchronization overhead required in the synchronous OFDMA/DFT-S-OFDMA. The performance of the asynchronous f-OFDMA is evaluated and compared with that of the universal-filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM), proposed in [1], [2].
Quantum cryptography to satellites for global secure key distribution (2017)

We have designed and built a free space secure key exchange system using weak laser pulses with polarisation modulation by acousto-optic switching. We have used this system to exchange keys over a 1.2km ground range with absolute security. Building from this initial result we analyse the feasibility of exchanging keys to a low earth orbit satellite.
Iterative multi-channel equalization and decoding for high frequency underwater acoustic communications (2008)

In this paper, an iterative multi-channel equalization and decoding technique is introduced to improve system performance in underwater acoustic communications. The turbo principle is applied to the existing canonical receiver structure including fractionally spaced decision feedback equalization with phase synchronization. The performance of multi-channel equalization and adaptive weight update algorithms are aided by soft information delivered from the channel decoder. The complexity of the proposed scheme is shown to be reasonable for highly reverberant underwater channels since it has linear complexity by the use of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Experimental results for data transmission at 41.67k symbol/s with a carrier frequency of 100k Hz demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
On the Output Transformation to an Observer Form (2010)

This paper investigates the transformability of an unforced multi-output nonlinear system to a multi-output observer form. The existence conditions of an output transformation and a change of state coordinates are presented in a more concise form than those given in literatures. Given an output transformation, verifying these conditions can reveal if the unforced system is transformable to the observer form. Necessary conditions on the output transformation are given for the single output and multi-output nonlinear systems. These necessary conditions are stated as a set of first order partial differential equations, which are relatively easy to solve and potentially useful to obtain the output transformation candidates.
"Brownian strings": Segmenting images with stochastically deformable contours (1997)

This paper describes an image segmentation technique in which an arbitrarily shaped contour was deformed stochastically until it fitted around an object of interest. The evolution of the contour was controlled by a simulated annealing process which caused the contour to settle into the global minimum of an image-derived "energy" function. The nonparametric energy function was derived from the statistical properties of previously segmented images, thereby incorporating prior experience. Since the method was based on a state space search for the contour with the best global properties, it was stable in the presence of image errors which confound segmentation techniques based on local criteria, such as connectivity. Unlike "snakes" and other active contour approaches, the new method could handle arbitrarily irregular contours in which each interpixel crack represented an independent degree of freedom. Furthermore, since the contour evolved toward the global minimum of the energy, the method was more suitable for fully automatic applications than the snake algorithm, which frequently has to be reinitialized when the contour becomes trapped in local energy minima. High computational complexity was avoided by efficiently introducing a random local perturbation in a time independent of contour length, providing control over the size of the perturbation, and assuring that resulting shape changes were unbiased. The method was illustrated by using it to find the brain surface in magnetic resonance head images and to track blood vessels in angiograms.
Brain responses associated with consciousness of breathlessness (air hunger) (2001)

Little is known about the physiological mechanisms subserving the experience of air hunger and the affective control of breathing in humans. Acute hunger for air after inhalation of CO(2) was studied in nine healthy volunteers with positron emission tomography. Subjective breathlessness was manipulated while end-tidal CO(2-) was held constant. Subjects experienced a significantly greater sense of air hunger breathing through a face mask than through a mouthpiece. The statistical contrast between the two conditions delineated a distributed network of primarily limbic/paralimbic brain regions, including multiple foci in dorsal anterior and middle cingulate gyrus, insula/claustrum, amygdala/periamygdala, lingual and middle temporal gyrus, hypothalamus, pulvinar, and midbrain. This pattern of activations was confirmed by a correlational analysis with breathlessness ratings. The commonality of regions of mesencephalon, diencephalon and limbic/paralimbic areas involved in primal emotions engendered by the basic vegetative systems including hunger for air, thirst, hunger, pain, micturition, and sleep, is discussed with particular reference to the cingulate gyrus. A theory that the phylogenetic origin of consciousness came from primal emotions engendered by immediate threat to the existence of the organism is discussed along with an alternative hypothesis by Edelman that primary awareness emerged with processes of ongoing perceptual categorization giving rise to a scene [Edelman, G. M. (1992) Bright Air, Brilliant Fire (Penguin, London)].
Prior knowledge regularization in statistical medical image tasks (2009)

The estimation of the covariance matrix is a pivotal step inseveral statistical tasks. In particular, the estimation becomes challeng-ing for high dimensional representations of data when few samples areavailable. Using the standard Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE)when the number of samples are lower than the dimension of the datacan lead to incorrect estimation e.g. of the covariance matrix and subse-quent unreliable results of statistical tasks. This limitation is normallysolved by the well-known Tikhonov regularization adding partially anidentity matrix; here we discuss a Bayesian approach for regularizing thecovariance matrix using prior knowledge. Our method is evaluated forreconstructing and modeling vertebra and cartilage shapes from a lowerdimensional representation and a conditional model. For these centralproblems, the proposed methodology outperforms the traditional MLEmethod and the Tikhonov regularization.
Identification of a Novel Deactivating Small-Molecule Compound for Fibrogenic Hepatic Stellate Cells (2020)

IC-2-F was identified as a novel deactivating small-molecule compound for HSCs <i>in vitro</i>. These data suggest that IC-2-F is a promising medicine for liver fibrosis.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Augmentation of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect with Nitric Oxide–Generating Agents Improves the Therapeutic Effects of Nanomedicines (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2 shows increased survival of B16 melanoma treated with combination of polymeric drug (P-THP) and various NO donors.&lt;/p&gt;
The potential of muscle-derived stem cells for stress urinary incontinence (2007)

The suburethral sling procedures, such as transvaginal tape (TVT), have recently gained popularity for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This TVT procedure can reinforce the weakness of pelvic floor muscles but urethral sphincter deficiency remains. Adult stem cell injection therapy for SUI has recently been at the forefront of the repair of deficient urethral function. Muscle-derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells are regarded as candidates for the treatment of SUI because these stem cells can be easily obtained in large quantities under local anesthesia, they have the potential to undergo long-term proliferation, self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, and can serve as a vehicle of releasing neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor, to repair the deficient urethra.
Development and Characterization of a Wake-Controlled Exterior Hood (2004)

A wake-controlled exterior hood was developed to overcome the negative influence of cross draft on an exterior hood and avoid the operation inconvenience caused by the enclosure of an airflow capture booth. This new type of local exterior hood used the hood suction flow to stabilize the dynamic vortex shedding that was induced when a crossflow passed over a blockage plate, and therefore formed a hydrodynamics-stabilized local isolation area for efficient removing of the contaminant. The development process was performed in a test section of an open-circuit wind tunnel. The blockage plate and the exterior hood model were placed in a wind-tunnel test section so that the crossflow could be freely supplied by the airstream of the wind tunnel. The laser light sheet flow visualization method and the laser Doppler velocimeter were employed to reveal the characteristics of the flow field. Primary influential parameters were factored out of the measured velocity results so that a design procedure was proposed. Experiments using hot-wire type alcohol sensors to measure the toluene vapor concentration distributions showed that the capture efficiency of this type of actively controlled hood was remarkably higher than that of an uncontrolled hood.
Effect of the depletion region in topological insulator heterostructures for ambipolar field-effect transistors (2018)

Formation of a depletion region at the vertically stacked topological insulator $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ heterostructures is one of the effective approaches to minimize residual carrier density in the bulk regions. Here, we report on characterization of field-effect transistor (FET) based on ${(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.26}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{0.74})}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}/\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ topological insulator heterostructures with a vertical $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junction configuration. The thicknesses of the top $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.26}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{b}}_{0.74})}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ layer vary from $d=8$ to 25 nm with 3-nm constant thickness of the bottom $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$. Even at zero gate voltage, increasing thickness of the top layer inverts the dominant conducting carrier from $n$-type to $p$-type. With applying gate voltage, the effect of depletion region at the interface is clearly revealed as a voltage shift of charge neutral point in ambipolar FET operation. The systematic shift of charge neutral point in FET operation clearly indicates that the formation of depletion region can be explained with conventional semiconductor $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junction model. In the topological insulator $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ heterostructures, the thickness tuning of both $p$-type and $n$-type layers is quite important to minimize the residual charge density in the whole device region. The band engineering with $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junction will be further applicable to extract the electrical properties of surface state.
Expanding Ring for the DWPF Melter Pour Spout (2002)

The Materials Technology Section was requested to develop a novel concept, namely that of an expanding ring, to restore the upper knife edge in the DWPF melter pour spout. The expanding ring is a unit that, when deployed in the DPWF pour spout, will self-expand against the inner diameter of the 3-inch section of the pour spout providing a seal against glass leakage and a new knife edge that will mate with a Type 3A insert. This report provides a summary of the final design features of the expanding ring and an overview of its development.
Study of deleterious aging effects in GaN/AlGaN heterostructures (2003)

A study of aging effects on the electron transport properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates using temperature dependent Hall effect measurements is presented with the focus on the variations in the mobility, carrier concentration, and resistivity of these structures over time. The transport parameters for several of these structures were measured at various times after the initial measurement, including times exceeding one year. These studies show that these parameters are not stable in most of the samples. The most common effects are an increase in carrier concentration and a decrease in mobility. Changes on the order of several tens of percent were common. Since surface oxidation and other variations in surface states were suspected as possible sources of the observed changes, one sample was treated with HCl and KOH and measured again after each treatment. However, we were unable to recover the initial results although further changes in the electrical properties were observed. The study suggests that surface effects can have profound effects on the properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in these heterostructures.
CPRI-Compatible Efficient Mobile Fronthaul Transmission via Equalized TDMA Achieving 256 Gb/s CPRI-Equivalent Data Rate in a Single 10-GHz-Bandwidth IM-DD Channel (2016)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a CPRI-compatible efficient mobile fronthaul scheme for synchronous transmission of control words and IQ data via equalized TDMA, achieving 256 Gb/s CPRI-equivalent data rate in a 10-GHz-bandwidth IM-DD channel.
PRESTO: feedback-driven data management in sensor networks (2006)

Abstract—This paper presents PRESTO, a novel two-tier sensor data management architecture comprising proxies and sensors that cooperate with one another for acquiring data and processing queries. PRESTO proxies construct time-series models of observed trends in the sensor data and transmit the parameters of the model to sensors. Sensors check sensed data with model-predicted values and transmit only deviations from the predictions back to the proxy. Such a model-driven push approach is energy-efficient, while ensuring that anomalous data trends are never missed. In addition to supporting queries on current data, PRESTO also supports queries on historical data using interpolation and local archival at sensors. PRESTO can adapt model and system parameters to data and query dynamics to further extract energy savings. We have implemented PRESTO on a sensor testbed comprising Intel Stargates and Telos Motes. Our experiments show that in a temperature monitoring application, PRESTO yields one to two orders of magnitude reduction in energy requirements over on-demand, proactive or model-driven pull approaches. PRESTO also results in an order of magnitude reduction in query latency in a 1 % duty-cycled five hop sensor network over a system that forwards all queries to remote sensor nodes. Index Terms—Data management, model-driven push, sensor networks, time-series models.
OVERCOMING T CELL MEMORY FOR INDUCTION OF DELAYED RENAL ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES (2010)

YAMADA, Y.1; Boskovic, S.2; Murakami, T.3; Nadazdin, O.3; Benichou, G.3; Aoyama, A.3; Putheti, P.4; Strom, T. B.5; Smith, N.6; Madsen, J.7; Colvin, R.6; Sachs, D. H.8; Cosimi, A. B.9; Kawai, T.10 Author Information
THz TDS system with 105 dB dynamic range based on transition metal doped InGaAs (2019)

A THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system is presented, which uses photoconductive antennas made of iron and rhodium doped InGaAs. Due to the unique combination of ultrashort lifetime and high mobility as well as high resistivity, the transition metal doped InGaAs surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art photoconductors when applied as THz antennas: The presented THz TDS system features a spectral bandwidth of 6.5 THz and a dynamic range of up to 105 dB.
Millimeter-wave signal generation using cascaded optical frequency multiplication technique (2014)

We propose a frequency-octupling technique for millimeter-wave and terahertz signal generation using cascaded optical frequency multipliers based on optical modulation. A millimeter-wave-capable optical frequency doubler connected to an optical frequency quadrupler provides a 100-200-GHz signal whose number of multiplications is eight. The observed phase-noise degradation is followed by theoretically expected degradation.
LcrQ/YscM1, regulators of the Yersinia yop virulon, are injected into host cells by a chaperone‐dependent mechanism (2000)

Pathogenic Yersinia species employ type III machines to secrete YopBDR into the extracellular milieu. After attaching to host cells, yersiniae transform the type III machinery into an injection device and target YopEHMNOPT into eukaryotic cells. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis LcrQ is a transcriptional regulator that prevents the expression of yop genes. We report that LcrQ is injected into eukaryotic cells. YscM1, the transciptional regulator of Yersinia enterocolitica, is also injected into eukaryotic cells, whereas the related YscM2 protein remains associated with bacterial cells. Type III targeting of YscM1 requires binding to the SycH chaperone. Chaperone binding as well as depletion of YscM1 and YscM2 from the cytoplasm of Y. enterocolitica causes an increase in yop expression, whereas a block in regulator export reduces expression. We propose a model whereby the chaperone-mediated injection of LcrQ/YscM1 functions as a regulatory switch for bacteria that are attached to host cells, triggering the expression of Yops that travel the type III targeting pathway.
Facilitating the structural characterisation of non-canonical amino acids in biomolecular NMR (2023)

Peptides and proteins containing non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) are a large and important class of biopolymers. They include non-ribosomally synthesised peptides, post-translationally modified proteins, expressed or synthesised proteins containing unnatural amino acids, and peptides and proteins that are chemically modified. Here, we describe a general procedure for generating atomic descriptions required to incorporate ncAAs within popular NMR structure determination software such as CYANA, CNS, Xplor-NIH and ARIA. This procedure is made publicly available via the existing Automated Topology Builder (ATB) server (https://atb.uq.edu.au, last access: 17 February 2023) with all submitted ncAAs stored in a dedicated database. The described procedure also includes a general method for linking of side chains of amino acids from CYANA templates. To ensure compatibility with other systems, atom names comply with IUPAC guidelines. In addition to describing the workflow, 3D models of complex natural products generated by CYANA are presented, including vancomycin. In order to demonstrate the manner in which the templates for ncAAs generated by the ATB can be used in practice, we use a combination of CYANA and CNS to solve the structure of a synthetic peptide designed to disrupt Alzheimer-related protein-protein interactions. Automating the generation of structural templates for ncAAs will extend the utility of NMR spectroscopy to studies of more complex biomolecules, with applications in the rapidly growing fields of synthetic biology and chemical biology. The procedures we outline can also be used to standardise the creation of structural templates for any amino acid and thus have the potential to impact structural biology more generally.