gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for Long-Lived Particles Decaying in the CMS End Cap Muon Detectors in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s = 13 TeV (2021)

A search for long-lived particles (LLPs) produced in decays of standard model (SM) Higgs bosons is presented. The data sample consists of 137 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, recorded at the LHC in 2016-2018. A novel technique is employed to reconstruct decays of LLPs in the end cap muon detectors. The search is sensitive to a broad range of LLP decay modes and to masses as low as a few GeV. No excess of events above the SM background is observed. The most stringent limits to date on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to LLPs subsequently decaying to quarks and τ^{+}τ^{-} are found for proper decay lengths greater than 6, 20, and 40 m, for LLP masses of 7, 15, and 40 GeV, respectively.
Electrospinning Fabrication of Collagen‐based Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering (2006)

The goal of this study was to create a biomimetic, small-diameter vascular graft using electrospinning technology. To accomplish this goal, vascular graft scaffolds have been fabricated by electrospinning polymer blends of 45% collagen type I, 15% elastin, and 40% poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (50:50) at a total solution concentration of 12% (w/v). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that fiber sizes of 0.72±0.35 microns diameter were obtained, which mimics the nanoscale dimension of native small diameter vascular matrix. Collagen type I stained positively on the electrospun scaffolds, demonstrating uniform distribution. Movat staining exhibited homogeneous distribution of elastin throughout the electrospun scaffold. Mechanical testing for compliance showed a typical pressure-diameter curve for electrospun scaffolds. The diameter change was approximately 5% for electrospun scaffolds, which is within the physiologic pressure range for human arteries. Seeding experiments documented that 82% of smooth muscle cells and 78% the endothelial cells survived on the scaffold as analyzed by mitochondrial metabolic (MTT) activity assay. This study shows that electrospun scaffolds exhibit structural features and mechanical behavior similar to native vessels with favorable biocompatibility for vascular cell seeding. Collectively, this study demonstrates the promise of electrospinning as an effective fabrication process for cardiovascular grafts.
Real-time Spatial Filtering Utilizing the Piezoelectric-elasto-optic Effect (1982)

A novel approach to frequency multiplexing of images is presented. By modulating each image pixel at a different (temporal) frequency, the entire image can be transformed into an electrical signal utilizing a single detector. The electrical current of the detector is proportional to the spatial Fourier transform of the image, allowing one to perform spatial frequency manipulations in the time domain. The multiplexing is obtained by using a two-dimensional array of piezoelectric-elasto-optic modulators. By utilizing these effects one makes use of the mechanical resonance of the crystals simplifying the electrical signals needed for excitation. It is shown that a similar (or the same) modulator can be used for image reconstructions; i.e. performing the inverse Fourier transform. Preliminary results obtained with quartz crystals prove the feasibility of this approach.
Abstract 2993: Patterns of recurrent mutations in SETBP1 mutated and wild-type atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients. (2013)

Abstract Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (aCML) is a heterogeneous disorder belonging to the group of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative (MDS/MPN) syndromes. The molecular pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear and the outcome is poor with no improvement over the last 20 years. We applied whole exome sequencing approach in 9 aCML patient samples in order to identify possible recurrent alterations. The analysis revealed the presence of unique mutations in 70 genes with 3 cases of SETBP1 alterations. Some of the genes identified as mutated in the initial set of 9 patients (IDH2, MTA2, EPHB3, ETNK1, GATA2, IRAK4) and having a score higher than 1 in the oncogenic GeneRanker database were resequenced in a cohort of 40 aCML patients (15 with and 25 without SETBP1 mutations). With the exception of IDH2, no other gene was found mutated in any case apart from the index patient. Evaluation on a larger cohort of 70 aCML samples revealed recurrent SETBP1 mutations in 24.3% of cases (see designated abstract). To test the relationship between SETBP1 variants and mutations in oncogenes known to be involved in myeloid malignancies, mutations in ASXL1, CBL, CEBPA, DNMT3A, EED, EZH2, FLT3, IDH1/2, JAK2, JARID2, NPM1, N/KRAS, RBBP4, RUNX1, SF3B1, SUZ12, TET2 and WT1 were evaluated in a population of 61 aCML patients (14 with and 47 without SETBP1 mutations) by Sanger sequencing. Overall we identified 60 mutations in 14 genes: 28 were missense point mutations, 13 nonsense point mutations, 15 missense ins/del and 4 ins/del leading to a premature stop codon. No mutations were found in IDH1, RBBP4, NPM1, JAK2, FLT3, DNMT3A. Mutations in ASXL1 were present in 14 patients and appeared more frequent in patients with mutated SETBP1 (36% vs 19%) while the 15 TET2 mutations were more prevalent in patients with SETBP1 WT than in mutated samples(28% vs. 14%). Further associations will be presented at the meeting, although further analysis on larger cohorts of patients will be necessary to determine the significance of this differences. Additional data on epigenetic signature of aCML will clarify the role of epigenetic dysregulation in aCML and related diseases. Citation Format: Sara Redaelli, Simona Valletta, Rocco Piazza, Nils Winkelmann, Roberta Spinelli, Alessandra Pirola, Laura Antolini, Luca Mologni, Carla Donadoni, Elli Papaemmanuil, Susanne Schnittger, Kim Dong-Wook, Jacqueline Boultwood, Fabio Rossi, Giuseppe Gaipa, Greta De Martini, Paola Francia di Celle, Hyun Gyung Jang, Valeria Fantin, Graham R. Bignell, Vera Magistroni, Torsten Haferlach, Enrico Maria Pogliani, Peter Campbell, Andrew J. Chase, William J. Tapper, Nick C.P. Cross, Carlo Gambacorti Passerini. Patterns of recurrent mutations in SETBP1 mutated and wild-type atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2993. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2993
Prevalence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in squamous‐cell carcinoma of the penis: A retrospective analysis of primary and metastatic lesions by differential polymerase chain reaction (1992)

Human papillomaviruses (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, may be carcinogenic effectors in a variety of human lower-genital-tract malignancies. Using the highly sensitive technique of differential polymerase chain reaction (D-PCR) with amplimers from the E6 open reading frames of HPV types 16 and 18, a retrospective analysis of a 20-year institutional experience with squamous-cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) was performed to determine the prevalence of these HPV types in this malignancy. Paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of primary (N = 27), locally recurrent (N = 5), and metastatic deposits (N = 26) from 29 patients with invasive SCCP were analyzed, as well as primary (N = 3) and recurrent (N = 2) specimens from 2 patients with penile carcinoma in situ (CIS) (Bowen's disease). Nine of the 29 (31%) patients had invasive SCCP containing HPV 16 or 18 DNA, with HPV 16 found in 8 (28%) and HPV 18 in I (3%); no patient had both. In 7 patients in which only tissue from metastatic sites was available, 2 had HPV 16 detected in 2 separate metastatic sites each. Specimens from both primary and metastatic sites were available in an additional 6 patients, and HPV 16 was detected in specimens from 3 of these 6 patients. HPV was detected in comparable copy number at both sites in each patient, indicating that HPV DNA may be a stable component within cancer cells during disease progression. Of patients with CIS only, 1 of 2 was positive for HPV 16, and upon multifocal recurrence, showed persistence of the virus at 2 separate sites. Southern blotting was performed to confirm the presence of type-specific HPV DNA and showed complete concordance with D-PCR, but discordant hybridization intensities for HPV 18 were noted between the control and positive patient specimens; sequence analysis of the patient specimen revealed 4 point mutations in the HPV-18 target segment. Comparison of the HPV-positive (both HPV 16 and HPV 18) and HPV-negative groups revealed no statistical differences between groups in patients age or ethnic origin, tumor histologic grade, or incidence of nodal involvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis of both overall and cause-specific survival likewise was not different between groups. These data, particularly the presence of HPV in metastatic deposits, provide strong evidence for an etiologic role of HPV type 16 (and possibly 18) in a substantial sub-set of patients from the southeastern United States who developed SCCP.
Tuning the Drug Loading and Release of DNA‐Assembled Gold‐Nanorod Superstructures (2016)

The use of DNA to assemble inorganic nanoparticles into superstructures is an emerging strategy to build non-toxic delivery vehicles for targeting diseases in the body. The impact of the core-satellite nanosystem design in mediating drug storage, drug release (via heat), and killing of HeLa cells in culture is investigated.
Rate Splitting Multiple Access for Cognitive Radio GEO-LEO Co-Existing Satellite Networks (2022)

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication has drawn particular attention recently due to its high data rate services and low round-trip latency. It is low-cost to launch and can provide global coverage. However, the spectrum scarcity might be one of the critical challenges in the growth of LEO satellites, impacting severe restrictions on the development of ground-space integrated networks. To address this issue, we propose rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) for cognitive radio (CR) enabled nongeostationary orbit (GEO)-LEO coexisting satellite network. In particular, this work aims to maximize the system's sum rate by simultaneously optimizing the power allocation and sub carrier beam assignment of LEO satellite communication while restricting the interference temperature to GEO satellite users. The problem of sum rate maximization is formulated as non-convex and a Global optimal solution is challenging to obtain. Therefore, we first employ the successive convex approximation technique to reduce the complexity and make the problem more tractable. Then for the power allocation, we exploit Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition and adopt an efficient algorithm based on the greedy approach for subcarrier beam assignment. We also propose two suboptimal schemes with fixed power allocation and random sub carrier beam assignment as the benchmark. Results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed scheme compared to the benchmark schemes.
Abstracting Concept-Changing Rules for Solving Raven's Progressive Matrix Problems (2023)

The abstract visual reasoning ability in human intelligence benefits discovering underlying rules in the novel environment. Raven's Progressive Matrix (RPM) is a classic test to realize such ability in machine intelligence by selecting from candidates. Recent studies suggest that solving RPM in an answer-generation way boosts a more in-depth understanding of rules. However, existing generative solvers cannot discover the global concept-changing rules without auxiliary supervision (e.g., rule annotations and distractors in candidate sets). To this end, we propose a deep latent variable model for Concept-changing Rule ABstraction (CRAB) by learning interpretable concepts and parsing concept-changing rules in the latent space. With the iterative learning process, CRAB can automatically abstract global rules shared on the dataset on each concept and form the learnable prior knowledge of global rules. CRAB outperforms the baselines trained without auxiliary supervision in the arbitrary-position answer generation task and achieves comparable and even higher accuracy than the compared models trained with auxiliary supervision. Finally, we conduct experiments to illustrate the interpretability of CRAB in concept learning, answer selection, and global rule abstraction.
Differential diffusion of high-Schmidt-number passive scalars in a turbulent jet (2008)

The separate evolution, or differential diffusion, of high-Schmidt-number passive scalars in a turbulent jet is studied experimentally. The two scalars under consideration are disodium fluorescein ( Sc ≡ ν/ D = 2000) and sulforhodamine 101 ( Sc = 5000). The objectives of the research are twofold: to determine (i) the Reynolds-number-dependence, and (ii) the radial distribution of differential diffusion effects in the self-similar region of the jet. Punctual laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements were obtained 50 jet diameters downstream of the nozzle exit for five Reynolds numbers ( Re ≡ u o d /ν = 900, 2100, 4300, 6700 and 10600, where u 0 is the jet exit velocity, d is the jet diameter, and ν is the kinematic viscosity) and for radial positions extending from the centreline to the edges of the jet cross-section (0 ≤ r / d ≤ 7.5). Statistics of the normalized concentration difference, Z , were used to quantify the differential diffusion. The latter were found to decay slowly with increasing Reynolds number, with the root mean square of Z scaling as Z rms ≡ 〈 Z 2 〉 1/2 ∝ Re −0.1 , (or alternatively 〈 Z 2 〉 ∝ Re −0.2 ). Regardless of Reynolds number, differential diffusion effects were found to increase away from the centreline. The increase in differential diffusion effects with radial position, along with their increase with decreasing Reynolds number, support the hypothesis of increased differential diffusion at interfaces between the jet and ambient fluids. Power spectral densities of Z were also studied. These spectra decreased with increasing wavenumber – an observation attributed to the decay of the scalar fluctuations in a turbulent jet. Furthermore, these spectra showed that significant differential diffusion effects persist at scales larger than the Kolmogorov scale, even for moderately high Reynolds numbers.
Advanced Microscopic Visualization for Structural Characterization of Cellulose Extracted from Saccharum Spontaneum (Kohua Bon) of Assam, India (2021)

Alpha, microcrystalline and nanocrystalline cellulose were sequentially extracted from stems and leaves of Saccharum spontaneum and were subjected to morphological and structural characterization using advanced microscopy techniques, including Scanning electron microscopy and nonlinear optical microscopy.
Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 3. Effect of pixel size on SNR and threshold contrast (1985)

The effect of pixel size on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and threshold detection of low-contrast radiologic patterns was investigated theoretically for digital radiographic systems. The SNR based on the perceived statistical decision theory model, together with the internal noise of the human eye-brain system, was calculated by using two-dimensional displayed digital signal spectra and noise Wiener spectra. Threshold contrasts were predicted from the calculated SNR for various combinations of object size and shape, pixel size, resolution, and noise. Predicted threshold contrasts agreed well with those determined experimentally in an observer performance study. The threshold contrast of small objects increased substantially as the pixel size increased beyond 0.2 mm. For pixel sizes of 0.1 and 0.2 mm, however, the threshold contrasts were similar. Since a digital system is not shift invariant, a range of threshold contrast results for a small object and a large pixel, depending on the alignment of the object position relative to the sampling coordinates.
Demonstration of multi-wavelength all-optical header recognition using a PPLN and optical correlators (2002)

We demonstrate multi-wavelength all-optical packet header recognition using a periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) device and fiber Bragg grating arrays as optical correlators. The number of header recognition modules required in an optical cross-connect is drastically decreased by our method. We simultaneously recognize the header bits on two 2.5 Gbit/s WDM channels and route them to different output ports of a 2/spl times/2 cross-connect.
CMOS charge qubits and qudits: entanglement entropy and mutual information as an optimization method to construct CNOT and SWAP Gates (2021)

Abstract In this paper, we propose an optimization method for the construction of two-qubit and two-qudit quantum gates based on semiconductor position-based charge qubits. To describe the evolution of various quantum states, we use a Hubbard based model and Lindblad formalism. The suggested optimization algorithm uses the time evolution of entanglement entropy and mutual information for the determination of the system parameters to achieve high fidelity gates.
Characterization of Pharmacologic and Pharmacokinetic Properties of CCX168, a Potent and Selective Orally Administered Complement 5a Receptor Inhibitor, Based on Preclinical Evaluation and Randomized Phase 1 Clinical Study (2016)

The complement 5a receptor has been an attractive therapeutic target for many autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, development of a selective and potent C5aR antagonist has been challenging. Here we describe the characterization of CCX168 (avacopan), an orally administered selective and potent C5aR inhibitor. CCX168 blocked the C5a binding, C5a-mediated migration, calcium mobilization, and CD11b upregulation in U937 cells as well as in freshly isolated human neutrophils. CCX168 retains high potency when present in human blood. A transgenic human C5aR knock-in mouse model allowed comparison of the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the molecule. CCX168 effectively blocked migration in in vitro and ex vivo chemotaxis assays, and it blocked the C5a-mediated neutrophil vascular endothelial margination. CCX168 was effective in migration and neutrophil margination assays in cynomolgus monkeys. This thorough in vitro and preclinical characterization enabled progression of CCX168 into the clinic and testing of its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles in a Phase 1 clinical trial in 48 healthy volunteers. CCX168 was shown to be well tolerated across a broad dose range (1 to 100 mg) and it showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. An oral dose of 30 mg CCX168 given twice daily blocked the C5a-induced upregulation of CD11b in circulating neutrophils by 94% or greater throughout the entire day, demonstrating essentially complete target coverage. This dose regimen is being tested in clinical trials in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Trial Registration ISRCTN registry with trial ID ISRCTN13564773.
Zinc-oxide nanowires characterization using optical reflectance (2019)

In this work, we propose a simple and time-saving method for the characterization of the ZnO-NWs. The method is based on the measurement of the spectral reflection of the ZnO-NWs in the UV-VIS-NIR ranges. Then the ZnO-NWs effective refractive index, and subsequently the density, and the length are obtained making use of the interference pattern contrast and periodicity in the reflection response versus wavelength. The extracted NWs length and density using the proposed method show good agreement with the SEM results. This characterization method opens the door for easy and cheap monitoring of the growth within microfluidic environment.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Cotargeting MAPK and PI3K Signaling with Concurrent Radiotherapy as a Strategy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 332KB, Immunoblotting for cleaved PARP 24 hours after radiation treatment, PD0325901, and API-2 treatment to detect activation of apoptotic pathways.&lt;/p&gt;
Deformation of Microchannels Embedded in an Elastic Medium (2018)

The deformation of microfluidic channels in a soft elastic medium has a central role in the operation of lab-on-a-chip devices, fluidic soft robots, liquid metal (LM) electronics, and other emerging soft-matter technologies. Understanding the influence of mechanical load on changes in channel cross section is essential for designing systems that either avoid channel collapse or exploit such collapse to control fluid flow and connectivity. In this paper, we examine the deformation of microchannel cross sections under far-field compressive stress and derive a “gauge factor” that relates externally applied pressure with change in cross-sectional area. We treat the surrounding elastomer as a Hookean solid and use two-dimensional plane strain elasticity, which has previously been shown to predict microchannel deformations that are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Numerical solutions to the governing Lamé (Navier) equations are found to match both the analytic solutions obtained from a complex stress function and closed-form algebraic approximations based on linear superposition. The application of this theory to soft microfluidics is demonstrated for several representative channel geometries.
Forced Response Prediction for Steam Turbine Last Stage Blade Subject to Low Engine Order Excitation (2011)

Low Engine Order (LEO) excitations on a steam turbine Last Stage low-pressure (LP) Bucket (or Blade) (LSB) are largely the result of flow unsteadiness (e.g. flow circulation and reversal) due to low steam exit velocity (Vax) off the LSB at the off-design conditions. These excitations at low frequencies impose major constraints on LP bucket aeromechanical design. In this study, bucket forced response under typical LEO excitation was analytically predicted and correlated to experimental measurements. First, transient CFD analyses were performed at typical low flow, low Vax operating conditions that had been previously tested in a subscale low pressure turbine test rig. The unsteady pressure distribution on the bucket was derived from the transient CFD analyses at frequencies corresponding to the bucket’s modes of vibration. Subsequently, these computed unsteady pressure were mapped onto a LSB finite element model, and forced response analyses were performed to estimate the bucket dynamic response, i.e. the alternating stresses and strains. The analytically predicted bucket response was compared against measured data from airfoil mounted strain gages and good correlation was found between the analytical prediction and the test data. Despite uncertainty associated with various parameters such as damping and unsteady steam forcing etc., the developed methodology provides a viable approach for predicting bucket forced response and in turn High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) capability during early phases of steam turbine LSB design.
Addition Oligomerization of Dicyclopentadiene: Reactivity of Endo and Exo Isomers and Postmodification (2017)

The oligomerization of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD, mixture of endo and exo isomers), 9,10-dihydrodicyclopentadiene (H-DCPD), exo-DCPD, and endo-DCPD catalyzed by TiCl4/Et2AlCl is studied. Oligomers containing 2,3-enchained units are obtained in good yields. The endo-DCPD is less reactive than the exo isomer, exhibiting a reactivity comparable with that of the partially saturated H-DCPD. While all the products obtained from the oligomerization of the exo isomer and H-DCPD are amorphous, from the endo isomer, at low DCPD/Ti ratio, a crystalline, stereoregular tetramer having a 2,3-exo-disyndiotactic structure is obtained. The results show that the presence of the double bond in the cyclopentene ring, the spatial disposition of the cyclopentene, and the oligomerization conditions play a fundamental role to give a unique crystalline material. Hydrogenation and epoxidation of the obtained products are reported as well.