gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating Holistic 3D Human Motion from Speech (2022)

This work addresses the problem of generating 3D holistic body motions from human speech. Given a speech recording, we synthesize sequences of 3D body poses, hand gestures, and facial expressions that are realistic and diverse. To achieve this, we first build a high-quality dataset of 3D holistic body meshes with synchronous speech. We then define a novel speech-to-motion generation framework in which the face, body, and hands are modeled separately. The separated modeling stems from the fact that face articulation strongly correlates with human speech, while body poses and hand gestures are less correlated. Specifically, we employ an autoencoder for face motions, and a compositional vector-quantized variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE) for the body and hand motions. The compositional VQ-VAE is key to generating diverse results. Additionally, we propose a cross-conditional autoregressive model that generates body poses and hand gestures, leading to coherent and realistic motions. Extensive experiments and user studies demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our novel dataset and code will be released for research purposes at https://talkshow.is.tue.mpg.de.
CAGE-defined promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome (2014)

Our analyses provide a comprehensive picture of the regulatory regions of the three genes involved in Rett Syndrome.
Infrequent Mutation of the hBUB1 and hBUBR1 Genes in Human Lung Cancer (2000)

Mitotic checkpoint defects of the cell cycle have been implicated in the development of human cancers. Since hBUB1 and hBUBR1, whose products function in the spindle checkpoint pathway, have been shown to be mutated in a subset of colon cancers with chromosomal instability, we investigated the contribution of these genes to lung cancer development. One hundred and two lung cancer (50 small cell lung cancers and 52 non-small cell lung cancers) and 4 mesothelioma cell line DNAs were analyzed by Southern blot analysis, but no rearrangements or deletions of hBUB1 and hBUBR1 were detected. Using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we studied all the 25 exons except exon 1 of the hBUB1 gene in 88 lung cancer DNAs. One lung cancer cell line, NCI-H345, showed a single nucleotide substitution, which resulted in an Arg-to-Gln change at codon 209 (CGA to CAA). Eleven cell line DNAs exhibited a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 9 of hBUB1, all of which were heterozygous. Similar mutation analysis of hBUBR1 in 47 lung cancer cell line cDNAs revealed a frequent polymorphism at codon 349 (CAA to CGA) leading to a substitution of Gln to Arg but no mutations. Northern blot analyses showed that both hBUB1 and hBUBR1 genes were expressed in all of 31 lung cancer cell lines tested with no significant difference in the expression level. Our results suggest that alterations in hBUB1 and hBUBR1 rarely contributed to the genetic change of lung cancers.
Joint beamforming and broadcasting in massive MIMO (2015)

A technique is developed, by which a massive antenna array simultaneously can: (i) coherently beamform to a set of terminals, for which estimated channel state information is available; and (ii) broadcast public information to another set of terminals, for which no channel state information is available. The broadcast information does not interfere with the beamforming as it is placed in nullspace of the channel matrix collectively seen by the terminals targeted by the beamforming.
Involvement of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte gene sets in migraine (2015)

Our results show that gene sets containing astrocyte- and oligodendrocyte-related genes are associated with migraine, which is especially true for gene sets involved in protein modification and signal transduction. Observed differences between migraine with aura and migraine without aura indicate that both migraine types, at least in part, seem to have a different genetic background.
Time-Lapse Analysis Reveals a Series of Events by Which Cranial Neural Crest Cells Reroute around Physical Barriers (2005)

Segmentation is crucial to the development of the vertebrate body plan. Underlying segmentation in the head is further revealed when cranial neural crest cells emerge from even numbered rhombomeres in the hindbrain to form three stereotypical migratory streams that lead to the peripheral branchial arches. To test the role of intrinsic versus extrinsic cues in influencing an individual cell's trajectory, we implanted physical barriers in the chick mesoderm, distal to emerging neural crest cell stream fronts. We analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics as individual neural crest cells encountered and responded to the barriers, using time-lapse confocal imaging. We find the majority of neural crest cells reach the branchial arch destinations following a repeatable series of events by which the cells overcome the barriers. Even though the lead cells become temporarily blocked by a barrier, cells that follow from behind find a novel pathway around a barrier and become de novo leaders of a new stream. Surprisingly, quantitative analyses of cell trajectories show that cells that encounter an r3 barrier migrate significantly faster but less directly than cells that encounter an r4 barrier, which migrate normally. Interestingly, we also find that cells temporarily blocked by the barrier migrate slightly faster and change direction more often. In addition, we show that cells can be forced to migrate into normally repulsive territory. These results suggest that cranial neural crest cell trajectories are not intrinsically determined, that cells can respond to minor alterations in the environment and re-target a peripheral destination, and that both intrinsic and extrinsic cues are important in patterning.
Functional Outcome and Revision Rate Are Independent of Limb Alignment Following Oxford Medial Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (2019)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optical interface states protected by synthetic Weyl points (2017)

Weyl fermions have not been found in nature as elementary particles, but they emerge as nodal points in the band structure of electronic and classical wave crystals. Novel phenomena such as Fermi arcs and chiral anomaly have fueled the interest in these topological points which are frequently perceived as monopoles in momentum space. Here we report the experimental observation of generalized optical Weyl points inside the parameter space of a photonic crystal with a specially designed four-layer unit cell. The reflection at the surface of a truncated photonic crystal exhibits phase vortexes due to the synthetic Weyl points, which in turn guarantees the existence of interface states between photonic crystals and any reflecting substrates. The reflection phase vortexes have been confirmed for the first time in our experiments which serve as an experimental signature of the generalized Weyl points. The existence of these interface states is protected by the topological properties of the Weyl points and the trajectories of these states in the parameter space resembles those of Weyl semimetal "Fermi arcs surface states" in momentum space. Tracing the origin of interface states to the topological character of the parameter space paves the way for a rational design of strongly localized states with enhanced local field.
Chemotherapy-Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) Are Effectively Killed by Ofatumumab-Induced Complement-Mediated Cytoxicity. (2007)

Abstract The combination of chimeric CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab (R) with chemotherapy (CHOP) has significantly improved clinical outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the efficacy of R-CHOP is variable and DLBCL remains fatal in 30–40% of the patients. We recently developed the novel fully human CD20 mAb, ofatumumab (2F2) that is currently in clinical development for CLL and follicular lymphoma (phase III) and rheumatoid arthritis (phase II). In this study, we compared ofatumumab with rituximab for their ability to induce complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of isolated lymphoma cells of chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL patients. Human type II CD20 mAb 11B8 does not induce CDC and was used as a control. Ofatumumab and rituximab induced CDC of all DLBCL samples tested, including the DLBCL cell lines SUDHL4, SUDHL5 and HT and lymphoma cells derived from ten chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL patients. Ofatumumab was significantly more effective in inducing CDC in nine out of ten DLBCL tumor samples when compared to rituximab (p=0.001, Two-way-Anova). The lethal doses (LD50) for ofatumumab (0.1 ± 2.8 μg/ml) was significantly lower when compared to the LD50 for rituximab (6.4 ± 4.9 μg/ml, p=0.04, Mann-Whitney test). The control CD20 mAb 11B8 showed no CDC induction of DLBCL cells. Sensitivity of DLBCL patient cells to ofatumumab- and rituximab-induced CDC negatively correlated with expression of complement defense molecule CD59, but not with expression of CD46, CD55, as determined by immunohistochemistry or apoptosis inhibitors Bcl-2 and XIAP. Functional inhibition of CD55 and CD59 using blocking mAb demonstrated that ofatumumab-induced CDC of DLBCL tumor cells was less sensitive to expression of these complement defense molecules than rituximab-induced CDC. We conclude that chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL cases are sensitive to CD20 mAb induced CDC with ofatumumab being the most effective mAb, especially in patients expressing high levels of CD59. Based on our results ofatumumab should be considered as a valuable therapy option for chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL patients.
Final Notes and Future Directions (2016)

This chapter summarizes some open questions that demand further research, and briefly discusses selected topics that we have been unable to cover in the book but on which substantial investigations have taken place, or are taking place at the time of this writing.
Computer-Assisted Navigation Is Associated with Reductions in the Rates of Dislocation and Acetabular Component Revision Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (2019)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Reshaping an Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate into a Selective Anti-hepatitis B Virus Compound (2022)

Minor structural modifications of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates can dramatically affect their antiviral properties. This work discloses a shift in the selectivity spectrum of 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (HPMP) nucleotides from herpesviruses toward hepatitis B virus (HBV) induced by their acyclic chain 2-substitution with a nonpolar group. Two series of racemic (<i>R</i>,<i>S</i>)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (MHPMP) and (<i>R</i>,<i>S</i>)-2-ethynyl-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (EHPMP) nucleotides were initially synthesized. Among these, guanine-containing derivatives exhibited significant anti-HBV activities in the submicromolar range. Enantioenriched MHPMPG and EHPMPG analogues were subsequently obtained by Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation. The (<i>S</i>)-enantiomers possessed an 8- to 26-fold higher potency than the relative (<i>R</i>)-forms. A further comparison of the EC<sub>90</sub> values indicated that (<i>S</i>)-EHPMPG inhibited HBV replication more effectively than its 2-methyl analogue. A phosphonodiamidate prodrug of (<i>S</i>)-EHPMPG was thus prepared and found to exert a remarkably high anti-HBV activity (EC<sub>50</sub> = 9.27 nM) with excellent selectivity (SI<sub>50</sub> > 10,787), proving to be a promising candidate for anti-HBV drug development.
Retransmission strategies for an acceptable quality of HDTV in the wireless and wired home scenario (2006)

Abstract We evaluate the performance of various retransmission schemes to achieve the goal of less than one visible distortion in twelve hours for high definition television. The focus is on an indoor wireless link and a DSL link, and we consider systems where the packets are protected by means of retransmissions with and without forward error correcting (FEC) codes. In order to achieve a satisfactory performance with restricted latency, we propose an unconventional retransmission procedure. The overall conclusion is that retransmissions without FEC achieve the best performance with the lowest latency, lowest overhead and lowest complexity, both in the wireless and the wired home scenario. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Capturing Dense Environmental Range Information with a Panning, Scanning Laser Rangefinder (1998)

Abstract|We use a laser rangender with a scanning mir-ror on a panning platform to acquire range data in a local environment (range &amp;lt; 15m). In this paper, we discuss the hardware components, the software, show several examples of the range data, and discuss problematic issues such as material properties. We conclude with our future plans for improving the data and integrating it into our research pro-gram.
Structure of Matopensive, a Novel Dimeric Indole Alkaloid from Strychnos Species (1983)

o x i f e r i n e .
KDM5B protein expressed in viable and fertile ΔARID mice exhibit no demethylase activity (2021)

Post‑translational modification of histones serve a crucial role in the control of gene transcription. Trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3 is associated with transcription activation. There are currently six known methylases and six known demethylases that can control the methylation status of this site. Lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) is one such demethylase, which can repress gene expression. In particular KDM5B has been found to be overexpressed in a number of cancer types, and small‑molecular weight inhibitors of its demethylase activity have been identified. Previous characterisation of <i>Kdm5b</i> knock‑out mice has revealed that this genotype leads to either embryonic or neonatal lethality. However, the ΔA‑T rich interaction domain (ΔARID)‑KDM5B strain of mice, which have the ARID domain and five amino acids within the Jumonji (Jmj)N domain spliced out from KDM5B, remain viable and fertile. In the present study, ΔARID‑KDM5B was found to have no demethylase activity as determined by <i>in vitro</i> demethylase assays and by immunofluorescence in transfected Cos‑1 cells. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations revealed conformational changes within the ΔARID‑KDM5B structure compared with that in WT‑KDM5B, particularly in the JmjC domain, which is responsible for the catalytic activity of WT‑KDM5B. This supports the experimental data that shows the loss of demethylase activity. Since <i>Kdm5b</i> knock‑out mice show varying degrees of lethality, these data suggest that KDM5B serves a crucial function in development in a manner that is independent of its demethylase activity.
Segmentation of confocal microscope images of cell nuclei in thick tissue sections (1999)

Segmentation of intact cell nuclei from three-dimensional (3D) images of thick tissue sections is an important basic capability necessary for many biological research studies. However, segmentation is often difficult because of the tight clustering of nuclei in many specimen types. We present a 3D segmentation approach that combines the recognition capabilities of the human visual system with the efficiency of automatic image analysis algorithms. The approach first uses automatic algorithms to separate the 3D image into regions of fluorescence-stained nuclei and unstained background. This includes a novel step, based on the Hough transform and an automatic focusing algorithm to estimate the size of nuclei. Then, using an interactive display, each nuclear region is shown to the analyst, who classifies it as either an individual nucleus, a cluster of multiple nuclei, partial nucleus or debris. Next, automatic image analysis based on morphological reconstruction and the watershed algorithm divides clusters into smaller objects, which are reclassified by the analyst. Once no more clusters remain, the analyst indicates which partial nuclei should be joined to form complete nuclei. The approach was assessed by calculating the fraction of correctly segmented nuclei for a variety of tissue types: Caenorhabditis elegans embryos (839 correct out of a total of 848), normal human skin (343/362), benign human breast tissue (492/525), a human breast cancer cell line grown as a xenograft in mice (425/479) and invasive human breast carcinoma (260/335). Furthermore, due to the analyst's involvement in the segmentation process, it is always known which nuclei in a population are correctly segmented and which not, assuming that the analyst's visual judgement is correct.
Aortic Arch Thrombosis (1966)

THROMBOSIS HROMBOSIS of the aortic arch with embolization to the peripheral arteries is an unknown sequence.<sup>1-3</sup>Although lesions resulting from thoracic injuries have been described,<sup>4-10</sup>the authors are not acquainted with vascular obstructions such as the one under discussion. Aneurysms and abrupt rupture of the aorta are sometimes seen following closed thoracic trauma.<sup>4,7,8</sup>Primary arterial<sup>11</sup>and nontraumatic thrombosis of the pulmonary artery<sup>12,13</sup>or abdominal aorta<sup>14</sup>are entities not related to the present syndrome which occurred during civilian life. It is interesting that in wartime thoracic injuries aortic thrombosis either did not exist or was not recognized, perhaps because of relatively early fatality.<sup>4</sup>in 1944, thoracic injuries during wartime directed the attention of surgeons to pulmonary trauma.<sup>5,15,16</sup>Recently, a review of 2,811 thoracic injuries from the Korean conflict revealed that a few foreign bodies were found in the heart.<sup>6</sup> The majority of
706 Conditional cytokine therapeutics for tumor-selective biological activity: preclinical characterization of a dual-masked IFN-a2b (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> Cytokines have been shown to elicit broad anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. These results have translated into the approval for clinical use of IFN-alpha and IL-2 before the checkpoint therapy era. However, to date, the clinical success of cytokines has been limited by systemic toxicity and poor exposure. CytomX Therapeutics has developed a new class of antibodies called Probody<sup>®</sup> therapeutics (Pb-Tx), designed to widen the therapeutic window by minimizing binding to targets in healthy tissue while being preferentially activated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by tumor-associated proteases. CytomX has applied the Pb-Tx platform across multiple modalities including traditional antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and T-cell engaging bispecifics and has advanced multiple programs into clinical studies. Here we have expanded the Pb-Tx platform with a conditionally activated cytokine version of IFN-α2b that has the potential to improve the therapeutic index of IFN-alpha therapy and allow systemic delivery. <h3>Methods</h3> We engineered an IFN-α2b with a dual masking strategy using a cleavable Fc domain at one end of IFN-a2b, and a cleavable affinity peptide mask at the other end. The construct was optimized to both maximize cleavability and minimize IFN-a2b toxicity. All animal experiments were reviewed and approved by CytomX9s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Protocol AP303). <h3>Results</h3> The optimized IFN-a2b conditionally activated cytokine strongly reduced IFN-a2b activity in vitro (5,000X) in its dual-masked form. Its activity was fully restored upon protease activation. Transcriptional profiling of in vitro treated PBMC confirmed reduction of interferon-mediated activities of the masked molecule. In vitro studies with dissociated tumors indicated its ability to activate tumor immune infiltrate, that could be further enhanced by concomitant PD-L1 blockade. In mouse xenograft studies, conditionally activated IFN-a2b cytokines induced complete regression at doses as low as 0.1mpk (activity comparable to peginterferon). Surrogate conditionally activated IFN-a2b molecules were also highly potent in syngeneic mice in vivo efficacy studies. Finally, we established an in vivo safety model in hamster which has been shown to be sensitive to IFN-a-mediated toxicity in the liver and bone marrow. In hamster, we showed that conditionally activated IFN-a2b cytokines are well tolerated up to 15mpk and have reduced systemic IFN-a2b mediated toxicity as compared to the unmasked cytokine. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Taken together these preclinical data further support the development of conditionally activated IFN-a2b with the potential to improve the therapeutic index of IFN-a therapy and to enable single agent and combination treatment in multiple clinical settings. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> All animal experiments were reviewed and approved by CytomX9s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Protocol AP303).
Sampling-Based Estimation of the Number of Distinct Values of an Attribute (1995)

We provide several new sampling-based estimators of the number of distinct values of an attribute in a relation. We compare these new estimators to estimators from the database and statistical literature empirically, using a large number of attribute-value distributions drawn from a variety of real-world databases. This appears to be the first extensive comparison of distinct-value estimators in either the database or statistical literature, and is certainly the first to use highlyskewed data of the sort frequently encountered in database applications. Our experiments indicate that a new “hybrid” estimator yields the highest precision on average for a given sampling fraction. This estimator explicitly takes into account the degree of skew in the data and combines a new “smoothed jackknife” estimator with an estimator due to Shlosser. We investigate how the hybrid estimator behaves as we scale up the size of the database.
The effects of age and memory on the ability to adjust to novel (artificial) dialect forms for L1 Spanish speakers (2013)

There is general agreement in the Second Language Acquisition literature that there are age effects, and that children tend to outperform adults in ultimate attainment. Despite this, previous research has shown that adults tend to outperform children in short-term outcomes. To address the differences in those two findings, the study presented here was designed to show a young-age advantage, by measuring “flexibility,” which is to say their ability to adjust to novel forms present in the input of a novel (artificial) dialect. The results show that, although adults did well in all tasks, in some of the tasks young children also performed well: both extreme age groups outperformed the middle. This is interpreted in the Declarative/Procedural model (Ullman et al. 1997; Ullman 2012), which is based on the distinction of two memory systems: the procedural memory system, which explains the advantage in young children, and the declarative system, which explains the advantage in adults. Procedural memory is central in the processing of systematic grammar in language, while declarative memory is used for other tasks like remembering events and learning new vocabulary. This difference may help explain why children, are often found to learn languages better than adults. The paper concludes that age effects are at least partly explained by a gradual shift in memory systems, which correlates with age.
Supplementary Data from Rebalancing Protein Homeostasis Enhances Tumor Antigen Presentation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PBMC RNAseq DESeq2 Data Tables&lt;/p&gt;
GaSb QW-based 'buffer-free' vertical LED monolithically embedded within a GaAs cavity using interfacial misfit arrays (2006)

We demonstrate a monolithic, hybrid GaSb/GaAs diode emitting at 1.6 mum. The LED is comprised of a GaSb active region embedded within GaAs/AlGaAs DBRs using two interfacial misfit arrays. Growth, fabrication and characterization are discussed