gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EMCAT: An automatic image-processing system for electron-microscopic tomography (1994)

Any real world object is three-dimensional. The principle of tomography, which reconstructs the 3-D structure of an object from its 2-D projections of different view angles has found application in many disciplines. Electron Microscopic (EM) tomography on non-ordered structures (e.g., subcellular structures in biology and non-crystalline structures in material science) has been exercised sporadically in the last twenty years or so. As vital as is the 3-D structural information and with no existing alternative 3-D imaging technique to compete in its high resolution range, the technique to date remains the kingdom of a brave few. Its tedious tasks have been preventing it from being a routine tool. One keyword in promoting its popularity is automation: The data collection has been automated in our lab, which can routinely yield a data set of over 100 projections in the matter of a few hours. Now the image processing part is also automated. Such automations finish the job easier, faster and better.
Nonintrusive ultrasonic flow measurement techniques and their applications to BTU metering (1987)

The paper reviews the state-of-the-art ultrasonic flow measurement techniques and assesses their potential application to BTU metering for District Heating and Cooling (DHC). The assessed techniques include Doppler, transit-time, and cross-correlation ultrasonic flowmeters which are currently available on the market. A novel modification of the flow instruments to include temperature measurement is also discussed. The modified flowmeter provides a direct measurement of heat content in hot water flow, thus, it allows one to meter the Btu consumption of a DHC system.
Mir Leak Detection Using Fluorescent Tracer Gases (1999)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;On June 25, 1997 a docking mishap of a Progress supply ship caused the Progress vehicle to crash into an array of solar panels and puncture the hull of the Spektr module. The puncture was small enough to allow the crew to seal off the Spektr module and repressurize the rest of the station. The Progress vehicle struck the Spektr module several times and the exact location, size, and number of punctures in the Spektr hull was unknown. Russian cosmonauts donned space suits and went inside the Spektr module to repair some electrical power cables and look for the location of the hull breach, they could not identify the exact location of the hole (or holes). The Spektr module was pressurized with Mir cabin air twice during the STS-86 fly around in an attempt to detect leakage (in the form of ice particles) from the module. Seven particles were observed within a 36 second time span, but tracking the path of the individual particles did not pinpoint a specific leak location.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;During STS-91, the last NASA Shuttle mission to the Mir in the Phase 1 program, a fluorescent tracer gas experiment was conducted. A Russian contingency Air Pressurization Unit (APU) with a total capacity of approximately 40 liters was filled with the saturation vapor pressure of acetone (38 grams) the saturation vapor pressure of biacetyl (9 grams) and 4260 psig total pressure of Nitrogen gas. When no oxygen is present, acetone and biacetyl fluoresce in sunlight and emit a bluish green glow. The plan of the experiment was to release the gas mixture into the Spektr module, use the nitrogen as a pressurant to cause the gas mixture to migrate through the hole (or holes) in the Spektr hull and leak out to space. If the leak plume were illuminated by sunlight, and an observer could view the plume against a uniformly dark background, the plume could be perceived with the unaided eye, and the location and number of holes in the Spektr hull could be identified.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The mechanics and operations of the experiment were conducted as planned, but no fluorescent plume was seen, and no fluorescent plume was photographed. The primary cause for this lack of visible plume was an insufficient amount of tracer gas, the large distance between the Spektr module and the Shuttle viewing platform, and the glare of sunlight.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ultrasonic Signal Processing for

in Vivo

Attenuation Measurement: Short Time Fourier Analysis (1983)

Short-time Fourier analysis is well suited for processing tissue echographic signals which are nonstationary. We have investigated the use of short-time Fourier analysis to provide an estimation of the echographic spectral composition as a function of time. It will be shown that the time dependence of the spectral centroid of this representation allows one to deduce easily the frequency-dependent attenuation. A simple correction of the noninvariant filtering effect due to diffraction is used to unbias the attenuation slope estimation. This new signal processing technique was first tested on simulated echographic data from a 1-D tissue model. Experimental results obtained from echo signals on a tissue-like phantom and on in vivo liver tissue show the influence of diffraction and attenuation respectively.
Characteristics of doctors transitioning to a non-clinical role in the MABEL study (2015)

\n\t\t\t\t\tObjective: To investigate the characteristics and satisfaction of medical doctors transitioning from a clinical into an entirely non-clinical role.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Design and setting: Wave 1 to Wave 5 data from 2008- 2012 in the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) longitudinal, populationbased survey were analysed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Participants: Medical doctors including general practitioners (GPs), specialists, specialists in training (SIT) and hospital non-specialists (HNS). Hospital nonspecialists represent doctors working in a hospital who were not enrolled in a specialty training program. The total number of participants surveyed across the 5 waves was 15,195 doctors.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Main outcome measures: The number of medical doctors making the transition from a clinical role to a nonclinical role from one wave of data to the subsequent wave of data. Individuals who responded 'Yes' to the question 'Are you currently doing any clinical medical work in Australia?' were defined as working in a clinical role. Individuals who stated that they were 'Doing medical work in Australia that is non-clinical' were defined as working in a completely non-clinical role. Each doctor's characteristics while partaking in clinical work prior to making the change to a non-clinical role were noted.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results: Over 5 years, there were a total of 498 individuals who made the transition from a clinical role to a completely non-clinical role out of a possible 15,195 doctors. Increasing age was the strongest predictor for transition to a non-clinical role. With regards to doctor type, specialists, hospital non-specialists and specialists-in- training were more likely to make the transition to a totally non-clinical role compared to GPs. There was minimal evidence of a relationship between lower job satisfaction and making a transition, and also between higher life satisfaction and making a transition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions: Understanding the characteristics of, and reasons for non-clinical career transition are important for workforce training, planning and development.\n\t\t\t\t
ChemInform Abstract: Diethyl(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)borane and Related Compounds: The First Stable Monomeric Tetraalkyl Phosphinoborane. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
D‐[35S(U)]Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphorothioate, a novel radioligand for the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor Complex binding to rat cerebellar membranes (1991)

D-[35S(U)]myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphorothioate [( 35S]InsPS3), a synthetic, metabolically stable analogue of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), binds with high affinity (Kd 58.6 +/- 9.1 nM) to rat cerebellar membranes revealing a high density of specific binding sites (Bmax 21.5 +/- 2.1 pmol/mg of protein). Comparison with [3H]InsP3 binding reveals a higher density of sites labelled by [35S]InsPS3 and complex competition curves for displacement of specific [35S]InsPS3 by InsP3. The results suggest that [35S]InsPS3 labels two sites in rat cerebellar membranes with equal affinity: the InsP3 receptor and a site that displays low affinity for InsP3.
Using Research To Educate Freshman Engineers And High School Students About The Multidisciplinary Character Of Engineering (2020)

her Ph.
Managing Flap Vortices via Separation Control (2006)

A pilot study was conducted on a flapped semi-span model to investigate the concept and viability of near-wake vortex management by means of boundary layer separation control. Passive control was achieved using a simple fairing and active control was achieved via zero mass-flux blowing slots. Vortex sheet strength, estimated by integrating surface pressures, was used to predict vortex characteristics based on inviscid rollup relations and vortices trailing the flaps were mapped using a seven-hole probe. Separation control was found to have a marked effect on vortex location, strength, tangential velocity, axial velocity and size over a wide range of angles of attack and control conditions. In general, the vortex trends were well predicted by the inviscid rollup relations. Manipulation of the separated flow near the flap edges exerted significant control over either outboard or inboard edge vortices while producing small lift and moment excursions. Unsteady surface pressures indicated that dynamic separation and attachment control can be exploited to perturb vortices at wavelengths shorter than a typical wingspan. In summary, separation control has the potential for application to time-independent or time-dependent wake alleviation schemes, where the latter can be deployed to minimize adverse effects on ride-quality and dynamic structural loading.
Loss of synaptogyrin‐3 rescues tau‐induced memory defects and synaptic loss in the presence of microglial activation (2020)

Abstract Background We previously identified synaptic vesicle protein Synaptogyrin‐3 as a physical interactor of Tau. Upon mutations and/or hyperphosrylation, Tau accumulates at synapses, binds to Synaptogyrin‐3 and clusters synaptic vesicles, reducing vesicle mobility and neurotransmitter release (McInnes et al., Neuron 2018). Method We generated a synaptogyrin‐3 knockout mouse usign CRISPR/Cas9. We crossed synaptogyrin‐3 knockout mice with mice expressing human P301S mice (PS19 mouse line) to generate Tau P301S; synaptogyrin‐3 +/‐ mice. We assessed several aspects of mutant Tau‐induced pathology using biochemistry, electrophysiology, histology and behavior experiments. Result We show that loss of Synaptogyrin‐3 is benign in mice, but strongly rescues mutant Tau‐induced defects in long‐term synaptic plasticity and working memory. It also significantly rescues the synaptic loss caused by mutant Tau. However, Tau‐induced neuroinflammation remains clearly upregulated when we remove synaptogyrin‐3 . Conclusion Interaction of Tau and Synaptogyrin‐3 leads to pre‐synaptic dysfunction, and pre‐synaptic defects caused by mutant Tau are enough to drive defects in cognitive tasks. On the other hand, neuroinflammation is not sufficient to induce synaptic loss and these processes are separately induced in response to mutant Tau.
Scattering from elongated objects: direct solution in O(N log2 N) operations (1996)

A recursive algorithm is presented for analysing TM and TE plane-wave scattering from two-dimensional elongated objects. The computational complexity and the memory requirements of the algorithm are O(N log2N) and O(N log N), respectively. The algorithm is based on the concept of a reduced representation and fast computation of fields that are radiated by quasialigned sources. While many existing fast algorithms for analysing electromagnetic scattering problems rely on iterative strategies, the proposed algorithm provides a direct solution to the scattering problem. The algorithm has a variety of potential applications, including the analysis of scattering from truncated and quasiperiodic structures, winglike structures, phased-array antennas and rough surfaces.
Silicon photonic chip-based biosensor for COVID-19 and flu detection with high sensitivity and specificity (2023)

Since the end of 2021, Omicron, the new variant of SARS-CoV-2, has continued to spread as the predominant strain of COVID-19. Compared to previous variants, Omicron causes milder symptoms, which are similar to symptoms of other common respiratory infections, such as flu. In this work, we develop a silicon photonic chip-based biosensor for COVID-19 and flu detection using subwavelength grating micro-ring resonator. The biosensor realizes the detection of two pathogens with high sensitivity (1.31 fg/mL) and specificity. Besides, the microfluidic channel offers a promising solution for point-of-care detection.
Partial agonism of cardiac β-adrenoceptor Blocking Agents and Competitive Conformer-Receptor Occupancy (2009)

The possibility that different conformations of a drug may control agonist and antagonist action upon biological receptors is explored in terms of a competitive conformer-receptor occupancy model. Partial agonism is shown to be a function of four parameters, the binding constants of the agonist and antagonist conformers, and the relative populations of the conformers. The relation to Michaelis-Menten formalism is defined. Application of the model to the partial agonist activity of phenoxypropanolamines on cardiac β-adrenoceptors suggests that a similar conformation of the compounds controls both agonist and antagonist action on the receptor, but the agonist conformation has a marked additional conformational restriction and a displacement within the receptor to initiate a stimulatory response.
Recent advances in meningococcal B disease prevention: real-world evidence from 4CMenB vaccination (2021)

MenB IMD is an uncommon but life-threatening disease with unpredictable epidemiology. The substantial body of data demonstrating 4CMenB effectiveness and impact supports its use in IMD prevention. The results reinforce the importance of direct protection of the highest risk groups; infants/young children and adolescents. Direct protection via routine infant immunization with catch-up in young children and routine adolescent vaccination could be the preferred option for MenB disease control. A Video Abstract linked to this article is available on Figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14546790.
Transparent Multilevel Aligned Electrode Microfluidic Chip for Dielectrophoretic Colloidal Handling (2010)

Spatial localization and handling of cells and colloid trajectories in a microfluidic channel are required to fully control their interactions at a single level. This paper presents a novel transparent multilevel aligned electrode microfluidic chip that is fast to process and reusable, with which high throughput for dielectrophoretic handling of polarizable particles can be achieved. Performances of the chips are evaluated by electrical impedance measurements and light diffusion characterizations. The observation of the Indium Tin Oxyde (ITO) electrode degradation process allows a better understanding of the behavior of ITO at low frequencies. Electrical and optical characterizations confirmed that this process is a redox reaction of indium that seriously alters the conductivity and the transparency of the ITO layer in the microfluidic chip. A safe range of AC-voltage frequencies is given for dielectrophoretic handling. Finally, we demonstrate within this chip focalization and stop-and-go functions for 1 μm polystyrene colloidal particles. Keywords: Microfluidic, dielectrophoresis, colloidal handling, Microfluidic motherboard, interconnections, interfacing, multiplexing, modular bio chemical analysis, PDMS, TAS, CAD, PMMA, CNC-milling machine, spectrometer, dBcm-1, polycarbonate, profilometer, Dectac, ZEISS Axiovert 200 inverted fluorescence micro-scope, NICHIA green-LED, Sylastic RVM elastomer, photodetector, Optical Plug
Use of Laser Lithography for Striating 2G HTS Conductors for AC Loss Reduction (2017)

A scalable laser lithographic process has been used to striate second-generation high-temperature superconducting coated conductors manufactured with a rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate and metal organic deposition process by American Superconductor Corporation to reduce ac losses for electric power applications. The process involves laser patterning a resist coating and etching, which can be scaled up for commercial production. The results show that the critical current, I , is not degraded for striation widths greater than 150 μm and that the ac losses for the 150-μm wide striations are reduced from the unpatterned 1-cm wide conductor by a factor of 15 for a 60-mT perpendicular peak magnetic field at 50 Hz.
Object search by manipulation (2013)

We investigate the problem of a robot searching for an object. This requires reasoning about both perception and manipulation: certain objects are moved because the target may be hidden behind them and others are moved because they block the manipulator's access to other objects. We contribute a formulation of the object search by manipulation problem using visibility and accessibility relations between objects. We also propose a greedy algorithm and show that it is optimal under certain conditions. We propose a second algorithm which is optimal under all conditions. This algorithm takes advantage of the structure of the visibility and accessibility relations between objects to quickly generate optimal plans. Finally, we demonstrate an implementation of both algorithms on a real robot using a real object detection system.
Multi-wavelength oscillation of an uncoated SOA-based fiber ring laser (2005)

We present a multiwavelength ring laser source using an uncoated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for providing both gain as well as the comb-like filtering function in the cavity. A SOA-based ring laser source oscillates over a wide bandwidth range due to heterogeneous spectral broadening and the broad gain spectrum of the SOA. Multiwavelength operation can be obtained by inserting comb-like filters inside the cavity.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAF‐Mediated Aldol Reaction of β‐Allenoates: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (2E,4E)‐4‐Carbinol Alkadienoates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flow Analysis in Microfluidic Devices (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Continuous Flow Chemical Processing in Microfluidic Devices Flow Injection Analysis in Microfluidic Devices Perspectives
A Superfluorinated Molecular Probe for Highly Sensitive in Vivo19F-MRI (2014)

(19)F-MRI offers unique opportunities to image diseases and track cells and therapeutic agents in vivo. Herein we report a superfluorinated molecular probe, herein called PERFECTA, possessing excellent cellular compatibility, and whose spectral properties, relaxation times, and sensitivity are promising for in vivo (19)F-MRI applications. The molecule, which bears 36 equivalent (19)F atoms and shows a single intense resonance peak, is easily synthesized via a simple one-step reaction and is formulated in water with high stability using trivial reagents and methods.
Measurement of single top-quark production in the s-channel in proton–proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A bstract A measurement of single top-quark production in the s-channel is performed in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 . The analysis is performed on events with an electron or muon, missing transverse momentum and exactly two b -tagged jets in the final state. A discriminant based on matrix element calculations is used to separate single-top-quark s-channel events from the main background contributions, which are top-quark pair production and W -boson production in association with jets. The observed (expected) signal significance over the background-only hypothesis is 3.3 (3.9) standard deviations, and the measured cross-section is $$ \sigma ={8.2}_{-2.9}^{+3.5} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>8.2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.9</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> pb, consistent with the Standard Model prediction of $$ {\sigma}^{\textrm{SM}}={10.32}_{-0.36}^{+0.40} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>SM</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>10.32</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.36</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.40</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> pb.
Microprocessor based real-time functional control of internal organs-science fiction or reality? (2002)

Until recently organ or cell transplantations were the only feasible way to restore severely impaired functions of internal organs. With the development and the miniaturization of microprocessors the possibility of designing implantable real-time flexible electronic systems for functional control of internal organs to replace impaired local "human microprocessors" looks more realistic than ever.
Multiple Ion Detection (MID) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.