gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral principal axes system (SPAS) and tuning of tensor-valued encoding for time-dependent anisotropic diffusion (2023)

Tensor-valued diffusion encoding can be confounded by time-dependent diffusion (TDD). Matching sensitivity to TDD or tuning of b-tensors with different shapes is needed for unbiased microstructure assessment. We present a method for tuning linear tensor encoding (LTE) to spherical tensor encoding (STE), which could be optimized for different hardware constraints. Furthermore, we introduce the spectral principle axes system (SPAS), representing spectral anisotropy of STE. The SPAS LTEs could provide an alternative to tuning and enable disentangling effects of microscopic anisotropy and TDD, useful to correlate cell shape and size.
Turbine Airfoil Net Heat Flux Reduction With Cylindrical Holes Embedded in a Transverse Trench (2007)

Film cooling adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficients for cylindrical holes embedded in a 1d transverse trench on the suction side of a simulated turbine vane were investigated to determine the net heat flux reduction. For reference, measurements were also conducted with standard inclined, cylindrical holes. Heat transfer coefficients were determined with and without upstream heating to isolate the hydrodynamic effects of the trench and to investigate the effects of the thermal approach boundary layer. Also the effects of a tripped versus an un-tripped boundary layer were explored. For both the cylindrical holes and the trench, heat transfer augmentation was much greater with no tripping of the approach flow. A further increase in heat transfer augmentation was caused by use of upstream heating, with as much as a 150% augmentation with the trench. With a tripped approach flow the heat transfer augmentation was much less. The net heat flux reduction for the trench was found to be significantly higher than for the row of cylindrical holes.
ZnO Nanowire Arrays for Enhanced Photocurrent in PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells (2013)

Vertical arrays of ZnO nanowires can decouple light absorption from carrier collection in PbS quantum dot solar cells and increase power conversion efficiencies by 35%. The resulting ordered bulk heterojunction devices achieve short-circuit current densities in excess of 20 mA cm(-2) and efficiencies of up to 4.9%.
Terahertz and far-infrared spectroscopic estimation of vinyl acetate content in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (2015)

For the purpose of estimating the content of vinyl acetate (VA) in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), optical absorption spectra were measured in a frequency range from 0.5 to 21.0 THz for sheets of EVA containing different contents of VA from 12 to 60 % by weight and a sheet of low-density polyethylene containing no VA. As a result, it has become clear that EVA exhibits relatively sharp absorption at 2.5, 6.7, and 10.5 THz and rather broad absorption at 11 to 17 THz and 17 to 20 THz. All these absorption peaks and bands are in proportion to the content of VA, up to certain frequency-dependent contents. Using these proportionalities, the content of VA in EVA can be estimated quantitatively. Especially, the absorption at 2.5 THz shows a good accuracy similar to the method recommended by an international standard.
A General Synthesis of End-Functionalized Oligoanilines via Palladium-Catalyzed Amination (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA General Synthesis of End-Functionalized Oligoanilines via Palladium-Catalyzed AminationRobert A. Singer, Joseph P. Sadighi, and Stephen L. BuchwaldView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1, 213–214Publication Date (Web):January 14, 1998Publication History Received30 September 1997Published online14 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja973407lCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1428Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (79 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Coupling reactions,Materials,Organic reactions,Plastics,Polymers Get e-Alerts
ECG Gating and Associated Artifacts (2015)

Abstract In routine clinical cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, most morphologic and functional imaging involves the use of segmented data acquisition methods that are synchronized with the patient’s electrocardiographic (ECG) waveform. The process of synchronizing data acquisition with the ECG waveform of the patient is known as ECG gating. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the importance of ECG gating, describe the relationship between a normal ECG waveform and the appearance of the heart on MR imaging (MRI) throughout the cardiac cycle, and provide an overview of methods for ensuring robust ECG gating in the MR environment. Finally, different types of artifacts introduced into the ECG waveform by the MR environment and methods to reduce them will be discussed.
Reachability in Restricted Walk on Integers (2020)

We prove that two conditions are sufficient, and with three exceptions also necessary, for reachability of any position in restricted walk on integers in which the sizes of the moves to the left and to the right are constant but need not be equal. A method to compute the length of the shortest path between any two positions, as well as a shortest path algorithm when the reachability conditions are true are given. Also the necessary and sufficient conditions for Hamiltonian restricted walk between absorbing boundaries, and the method to construct such walks are given.
Implementation of novel "push-forward" RSFQ Carry-Save Serial Adders (1995)

We have developed a novel, so-called "push-forward" design approach in Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) logic. This approach leads to a more efficient circuit design at the gate level using fewer Josephson junctions combined with reasonable circuit parameter margins. Other advantages include higher operational speed and smaller power dissipation. This novel method is based on a specific type of interaction (pushing forward) between single flux quanta already stored by RSFQ gates and newly arriving data SFQ pulses. It implies a reuse of an internal gate memory as well as realization of multi-quantum storage. Using this push-forward design approach, we have designed, optimized, fabricated, and successfully tested two versions of Carry-Save Serial Adders for digital signal processing applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mucosal immune responses predict clinical outcomes during influenza infection independently of age and viral load (HUM8P.346) (2014)

Abstract Children are an at-risk population for developing complications following influenza infection, but immunological correlates of disease severity are not understood. We hypothesized that innate cellular immune responses at the site of infection would correlate with disease outcome. To test this hypothesis, we established an observational cohort study with longitudinal sampling of peripheral and mucosal sites in 84 naturally influenza-infected individuals, including infants. Cellular responses, viral loads, and cytokines were quantified from nasal lavages and blood, and correlated to clinical severity. We found that while viral loads in children and adults were similar, innate responses in the airways were stronger in children and varied considerably between plasma and site of infection. Adjusting for age and viral load, an innate immune profile characterized by increased nasal lavage MCP-3, IFNα2 and plasma IL-10 levels at enrollment predicted progression to severe disease. Increased plasma IL-10, MCP-3, and IL-6 levels predicted hospitalization. This inflammatory cytokine production correlated significantly with monocyte localization from the blood to the site of infection, with conventional monocytes positively correlating with inflammation. Increased frequencies of CD14lo monocytes were in the airways of participants with lower inflammatory cytokine levels. An innate profile was identified that correlated with disease progression independent of viral dynamics and age.
Data Center Interconnect using TRILL (2016)

This document describes a TRILL based Data Center Interconnect (DCI)
solution. TRILL is predominantly used inside a data center for
providing intra-data center switching optimally by utilizing multiple
links. This draft described a way to use TRILL to extend a network
across different data center via MPLS service provider network using
Virtual TRILL Service/Switch Domain (VTSD) as described in draft
[VTSD].
Bioreduction of AuCl4− Ions by the Fungus, Verticillium sp. and Surface Trapping of the Gold Nanoparticles Formed D.M. and S.S. thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, for financial assistance. (2001)

Fungi make piles of gold! A green-chemistry route, based on the bioreduction of AuCl4− ions by the fungus Verticillium sp., for the formation of gold nanoparticles is demonstrated. The TEM micrograph shows a single Verticillium cell after reaction with gold ions and entrapment of gold nanoparticles on the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane.
Inclusion of a Nitric Oxide Congener in the Insufflation Gas Repletes S‐Nitrosohemoglobin and Stabilizes Physiologic Status During Prolonged Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum (2009)

A method to maintain organ blood flow during laparoscopic surgery has not been developed. Here we determined if ethyl nitrite, an S-nitrosylating agent that would maintain nitric oxide bioactivity (the major regulator of tissue perfusion), might be an effective intervention to preserve physiologic status during prolonged pneumoperitoneum. The study was conducted on appropriately anesthetized adult swine; the period of pneumoperitoneum was 240 minutes. Cohorts consisted of an anesthesia control group and groups insufflated with CO2 alone or CO2 containing fixed amounts of ethyl nitrite (1-300 ppm). Insufflation with CO2 alone produced declines in splanchnic organ blood flows and it reduced circulating levels of S-nitrosohemoglobin (i.e., nitric oxide bioactivity); these reductions were obviated by ethyl nitrite. In a specific example, preservation of kidney blood flow with ethyl nitrite kept serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations constant whereas in the CO2 alone group both increased as kidney blood flow declined. The data indicate ethyl nitrite can effectively attenuate insufflation-induced decreases in organ blood flow and nitric oxide bioactivity leading to reductions in markers of acute tissue injury. This simple intervention provides a method for controlling a major source of laparoscopic-related morbidity and mortality: tissue ischemia and altered postoperative organ function.
Symmetry based molecular design for triplet excitation and optical spin injection (2019)

Spintronics, as a relatively new scientific field, is developing rapidly together with our understanding of spin related phenomena and spin manipulation. One of the challenges in the field is spin injection, which has been achieved optically in inorganic crystalline semiconductors, but not yet in organic semiconductors. Here, we introduce an approach whereby we apply group theory and computational methods to design molecular materials in which spin can be injected optically via circularly polarized light (CPL). Our approach is based on the use of group theory and double group theory to identify families of molecules whose symmetry satisfies design rules for optical excitation of triplets of particular properties. Employing such screening prior to detailed calculation can accelerate design by first identifying any structures that fail some criterion on grounds of symmetry. Here, we show using group theory and computational methods that particular families of molecules possess a low lying triplet state that can be excited with circularly polarized light causing spin polarization of an excited electron. Such structures are of potential interest for organic or molecular spintronics. We present an efficient procedure to identify candidate point groups and determine the excited state symmetry using group theory, before full calculation of excited states using relativistic quantum chemistry.
Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Annealing Effects on MoS2 Transistors with Asymmetric and Symmetric Contacts (2019)

The ultra-short pulsed laser annealing process enhances the performance of MoS2 thin film transistors (TFTs) without thermal damage on plastic substrates. However, there has been insufficient investigation into how much improvement can be brought about by the laser process. In this paper, we observed how the parameters of TFTs, i.e., mobility, subthreshold swing, Ion/Ioff ratio, and Vth, changed as the TFTs’ contacts were (1) not annealed, (2) annealed on one side, or (3) annealed on both sides. The results showed that the linear effective mobility (μeff_lin) increased from 13.14 [cm2/Vs] (not annealed) to 18.84 (one side annealed) to 24.91 (both sides annealed). Also, Ion/Ioff ratio increased from 2.27 × 10 5 (not annealed) to 3.14 × 10 5 (one side annealed) to 4.81 × 10 5 (both sides annealed), with Vth shifting to negative direction. Analyzing the main reason for the improvement through the Y function method (YFM), we found that both the contact resistance (Rc) and the channel interface resistance (Rch) improves after the pulsed laser annealings under different conditions. Moreover, the Rc enhances more dramatically than the Rch does. In conclusion, our picosecond laser annealing improves the performance of TFTs (especially, the Rc) in direct proportion to the number of annealings applied. The results will contribute to the investigation about correlations between the laser annealing process and the performance of devices.
Comparative Analysis of Urso- and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Neuroprotective Effects on Retinal Degeneration Models (2022)

Ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic (TUDCA) acids have shown neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative diseases, but differential effects of the two bile acids have been poorly explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of UDCA versus TUDCA in a neuroretinal degeneration model and to compare transcriptionally regulated pathways. The WERI-Rb-1 human cone-like cell line and retinal explants were exposed to albumin and TUDCA or UDCA. Viability, cell death, and microglial activation were quantified. Transcriptionally regulated pathways were analyzed after RNA sequencing using the edgeR bioconductor package. Pre-treatment of cone-like cells with UDCA or TUDCA significantly protected cells from albumin toxicity. On retinal explants, either bile acid reduced apoptosis, necroptosis, and microglia activation at 6 h. TUDCA induced the regulation of 463 genes, whilst 31 genes were regulated by UDCA. Only nineteen common genes were regulated by both bile acids, mainly involved in iron control, cell death, oxidative stress, and cell metabolism. As compared to UDCA, TUDCA up-regulated genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and down-regulated genes involved in axonal and neuronal development. Either bile acid protected against albumin-induced cell loss. However, TUDCA regulated substantially more neuroprotective genes than UDCA.
Purification and Characterization of a Laccase from the White-Rot Fungus Trametes multicolor (2002)

The wood-degrading fungus Trametes multicolor secretes several laccase isoforms when grown on a simple medium containing copper in the millimolar range for stimulating laccase synthesis. The main isoenzyme laccase II was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant by using anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Laccase II is a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 63 kDa as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, contains 18% glycosylation, and has a pI of 3.0. It oxidizes a variety of phenolic substrates as well as ferrocyanide and iodide. The pH optimum depends on the substrate employed and shows a bell-shaped pH activity profile with an optimum of 4.0 to 5.0 for the phenolic substrates, while the nonphenolic substrates ferrocyanide and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) show a monotonic pH profile with a rate decreasing with increasing pH.
Controlled Formation of Highly Organized Mesoporous Titania Thin Films:  From Mesostructured Hybrids to Mesoporous Nanoanatase TiO2 (2003)

In this paper, we report the complete synthesis and characterization procedures to generate highly organized and oriented mesoporous titania thin films, using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based templates. Controlled conditions in the deposition, postsynthesis, and thermal treatment steps allow one to tailor the final mesostructure (2D hexagonal, p6m, or 3D cubic, Im3m). Various techniques were used to determine the time evolution of the mesostructure. Spectroscopic techniques (UV/vis, (17)O NMR) and EXAFS/XANES have been used to follow the chemical changes in the Ti(IV) environment. Crossing these techniques spanning all ranges permits a complete description of the chemistry all the way from solution to the mesostructured metal oxide. A critical discussion on all important chemical and processing parameters is provided; the understanding of these features is essential for a rational design and the reproducible construction of mesoporous materials.
Superatomic Clusters: Superatomic Gallium Clusters in Dendrimers: Unique Rigidity and Reactivity Depending on their Atomicity (Adv. Mater. 14/2020) (2020)

In article number 1907167, Kimihisa Yamamoto and co-workers describe the fabrication of gallium clusters, including a superatomic 13-atom cluster, in solution with dendrimer templates, to demonstrate the effects of changing the number of atoms in a cluster. The chemical or physical properties are characterized and analyzed through transmission electron microscopy observation, mass spectroscopy, and electro chemical measurements, focusing on their reactivity and rigidity.
Ultrafast optical control of magnetization in EuO thin films (2012)

All-optical pump-probe detection of magnetization precession has been performed for ferromagnetic EuO thin films at 10 K. We demonstrate that the circularly polarized light can be used to control the magnetization precession on an ultrafast time scale. This takes place within the 100-fs duration of a single laser pulse, through combined contribution from two nonthermal photomagnetic effects, i.e., enhancement of the magnetization and an inverse Faraday effect. From the magnetic field dependencies of the frequency and the Gilbert damping parameter, the intrinsic Gilbert damping coefficient is evaluated to be \ensuremath{\alpha} \ensuremath{\approx} 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 10${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
Probing the interaction between NatA and the ribosome for co-translational protein acetylation (2017)

N-terminal acetylation is among the most abundant protein modifications in eukaryotic cells. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in elucidating the function of N-terminal acetylation for a number of diverse systems, involved in a wide variety of biological processes. The enzymes responsible for the modification are the N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs). The NATs are a highly conserved group of enzymes in eukaryotes, which are responsible for acetylating over 80% of the soluble proteome in human cells. Importantly, many of these NATs act co-translationally; they interact with the ribosome near the exit tunnel and acetylate the nascent protein chain as it is being translated. While the structures of many of the NATs have been determined, the molecular basis for the interaction with ribosome is not known. Here, using purified ribosomes and NatA, a very well-studied NAT, we show that NatA forms a stable complex with the ribosome in the absence of other stabilizing factors and through two conserved regions; primarily through an N-terminal domain and an internal basic helix. These regions may orient the active site of the NatA to face the peptide emerging from the exit tunnel. This work provides a framework for understanding how NatA and potentially other NATs interact with the ribosome for co-translational protein acetylation and sets the foundation for future studies to decouple N-terminal acetyltransferase activity from ribosome association.
Generalized Phase-Conjugated Twin Waves for Fiber-Nonlinearity-Tolerant Transmission (2014)

We review the generalization of phase-conjugated twin waves (PCTWs) for fiber nonlinearity-tolerant transmission, in which twin waves occupy any orthogonal dimensions. A broadband polarization-insensitive fiber-optical parametric amplifier is shown to efficiently generate 1.024-Tb/s Nyquist-WDM vector PCTWs.
Polyphenols fromArtemisia annuaL Inhibit Adhesion and EMT of Highly Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells MDA-MB-231 (2016)

Recent evidence suggests that polyphenolic compounds from plants have anti-invasion and anti-metastasis capabilities. The Korean annual weed, Artemisia annua L., has been used as a folk medicine for treatment of various diseases. Here, we isolated and characterized polyphenols from Korean A. annua L (pKAL). We investigated anti-metastatic effects of pKAL on the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells especially focusing on cancer cell adhesion to the endothelial cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Firstly, pKAL inhibited cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but not that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs). Polyphenols from Korean A. annua L inhibited the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to ECs through reducing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression of MDA-MB-231 and ECs, but not intracellular adhesion molecule-1 at the concentrations where pKAL did not influence the cell viability of either MDA-MB-231 cells nor EC. Further, pKAL inhibited tumor necrosis factor-activated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and EMT. Moreover, pKAL inhibited phosphorylation of Akt, but not that of protein kinase C. These results suggest that pKAL may serve as a therapeutic agent against cancer metastasis at least in part by inhibiting the cancer cell adhesion to ECs through suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and invasion through suppression of EMT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoalbuminemia Increases Mortality after Two-Stage Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty. (2023)

Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is a significant predictor of mortality and increased length of stay following two-stage revision but is not a predictor of failure of PJI treatment. Further study is required to understand if hypoalbuminemia is a modifiable risk factor or a marker for poor outcomes.