gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Immunologic Mechanisms for Flare Reactions to Synvisc® (2006)

Intraarticular injection of Synvisc for treatment of knee pain sometimes results in an acute local reaction (flare). We tested the hypothesis that the flare was a Type-1 hypersensitivity reaction as manifested by the presence of Synvisc antibodies in the synovial fluid and serum and by an increase in the concentration of the mast-cell enzyme tryptase in the synovial fluid. Our second objective was to determine whether the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocytes in the synovial fluid was increased, as would be expected in a Type-4 hypersensitivity reaction. The study population was a prospective, consecutive series of 16 patients who had a flare, and 20 control patients. We found no differences in product-specific antibodies in the synovial fluid or serum between patients with flares and patients without flares. The mean tryptase level in the synovial fluid of patients with flares, 3.8 +/- 0.8 microg/L, was not different from the corresponding level in the control patients. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the synovial fluid was more than eight times greater in patients with flares. Flares that sometimes occur after treatment with Synvisc are probably not Type-1 (antibody-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions, but may be Type-4 (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reactions.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relationship between inter-chromosomal rearrangements and differential gene expression.&lt;/p&gt;
Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) Monogenic Network Protocol: Elucidating causative gene variants in hereditary Parkinson’s disease (2022)

Abstract The Monogenic Network of the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) aims to create an efficient infrastructure to accelerate the identification of novel genetic causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to improve our understanding of already identified genetic causes, such as reduced penetrance and variable clinical expressivity of known disease-causing variants. We aim to perform short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing for up to 10,000 patients with parkinsonism.
Microphase‐Separated Poly(vinylpyridine) Block Copolymer Prepared with a Novel Bifunctional Initiator (2009)

Abstract A vinylpyridine block copolymer was prepared by stepwise controlled/living radical polymerization with a novel bifunctional initiator, 4‐(2‐bromopropanoyloxy)‐ N ‐( p ‐methylbenzyloxy)‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine. The initiator was synthesized in a facile manner using commercially available p ‐xylene and 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (4‐hydroxy TEMPO). Through stepwise atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP), the PMMA‐ b‐ P4VP copolymer was prepared with a wide range of the copolymer compositions. Microphase‐separation was demonstrated in cross sectional TEM images of self‐standing block copolymer membranes. magnified image
Coordinated Interleaving Access Scheme for IEEE 802.11p Wireless Vehicular Networks (2014)

The emerging Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) architecture, which aims to provide critical traffic information and Internet services, has recently been standardized in the IEEE 802.11p specification. A typical WAVE network consists of one road-side-unit (RSU) and one or more on-board-units (OBUs), wherein the RSU supports one control channel (CCH) and one or more service channels (SCH) for the OBUs to access. Generally, an OBU is equipped with a single transceiver and needs to periodically switch between the CCH and one of the SCHs in order to receive emergency messages and service information from the CCH and to deliver Internet traffic over an SCH. Synchronizing all OBUs to alternatively access the CCH and SCHs is estimated to waste as much as 50% of the channel's resources. To improve efficiency, we propose an innovative scheme, namely coordinated interleaving access (CIA) scheme, which optimizes the SCH throughput by smartly grouping the OBUs to let them access the CCH and SCHs in an interleaved and parallel manner. To further the capability of CIA scheme, an enhanced version is also proposed to handle the case where OBUs with multiple transceivers. Performance analysis and evaluation indicates that the proposed CIA scheme achieves a significant improvement in resource. Thus it can be advantageous to adapt it into the IEEE 802.11p protocol for its adoption in multi-channel wireless vehicular networks.
Relaxation Process of Thermal Non-Equilibrium in Boiling Two-Phase Flow, (I) (1994)

Abstract The thermo-hydraulics in a thermal non-equilibrium state, which may appear during a postulated loss-of-coolant accident, is one of phenomena which have never been understood enough. In this paper, accelerating boiling two-phase flow is dealt with which realizes thermal non- equilibrium conditions in a steady state in order to clarify the relaxation process of superheated liquid. The following insight is clarified from the results; Jones' model cannot explain the underpressure and relaxation time unless an empirical constant is changed. Therefore, the effect of interfacial area density on the macroscopic relaxation inception is experimentally investigated by adding artificially bubbles in accelerating boiling two-phase flow in order to offer a fundamental data base for modeling the relaxation process of superheated liquid. It is made clear that the macroscopic relaxation inception can be evaluated by a relationship between the integration of liquid superheating by the travelling time and the initial interfacial area density. KEYWORDS: boiling two-phase flowthermal non-equilibrium staterelaxationrelaxation timechoked flowsafetylight water reactorsloss of coolantinterfacial area densitytravelling timesuperheating
Electron transport response de-embedding for high-speed image sensors (2019)

High-speed gated imaging methods such as time-of-flight or fluorescence lifetime imaging are key enablers for various applications such as gesture recognition, safety instrumentation, health monitoring and materials characterization. In these applications, short light pulses are used to generate and accumulate a photocurrent. Assuming linearity and timeinvariance, this system can be modeled by a convolution of the incoming photon stream with an impulse response function (IRF) followed by a time-gated integration. Knowing the IRF allows for further improved signal analysis and sensor design. The IRF can be measured by employing light sources resembling a delta distribution or broadband-tunable sinusoidal waveforms. Both these methods are difficult to realize for increasingly fast detectors. This paper discusses a deconvolution-based approach where the signal shape of the employed light source is considered and corrected for. The IRF reconstruction schemes introduced in this paper are based on a preprocessing step to invert the integration and followed by denoising and deconvolution. Different deconvolution algorithms have been investigated and compared. In particular, we investigated direct deconvolution, Wiener deconvolution and parametric estimation of a pre-defined IRFmodel using optimization. In order to evaluate the error of the different reconstruction methods in the presence of jitter and shot noise, a ground truth needs to be generated against which the deconvolution result can be compared. For this, example IRFs that resemble typical sensor behavior were defined using analytical models. Low normalized root-meansquare error (&lt; 0.05) can be achieved with the parametric estimation. The advantages and disadvantages of each schemes are also discussed.
DICE, an efficient system for iterative genomic editing in human pluripotent stem cells (2013)

To reveal the full potential of human pluripotent stem cells, new methods for rapid, site-specific genomic engineering are needed. Here, we describe a system for precise genetic modification of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We identified a novel human locus, H11, located in a safe, intergenic, transcriptionally active region of chromosome 22, as the recipient site, to provide robust, ubiquitous expression of inserted genes. Recipient cell lines were established by site-specific placement of a 'landing pad' cassette carrying attP sites for phiC31 and Bxb1 integrases at the H11 locus by spontaneous or TALEN-assisted homologous recombination. Dual integrase cassette exchange (DICE) mediated by phiC31 and Bxb1 integrases was used to insert genes of interest flanked by phiC31 and Bxb1 attB sites at the H11 locus, replacing the landing pad. This system provided complete control over content, direction and copy number of inserted genes, with a specificity of 100%. A series of genes, including mCherry and various combinations of the neural transcription factors LMX1a, FOXA2 and OTX2, were inserted in recipient cell lines derived from H9 ESC, as well as iPSC lines derived from a Parkinson's disease patient and a normal sibling control. The DICE system offers rapid, efficient and precise gene insertion in ESC and iPSC and is particularly well suited for repeated modifications of the same locus.
Effects of Alkali‐Metal Ions and Counter Ions in Sn‐Beta‐Catalyzed Carbohydrate Conversion (2018)

Alkali-metal ions have recently been shown to strongly influence the catalytic behavior of stannosilicates in the conversion of carbohydrates. An effect of having alkali-metal ions present is a pronounced increase in selectivity towards methyl lactate. Mechanistic details of this effect have remained obscure and are herein addressed experimentally through kinetic experiments and isotope tracking. The presence of alkali-metal ions has a differential effect in competing reaction pathways and promotes the rate of carbon-carbon bond breakage of carbohydrate substrates, but decreases the rates of competing dehydration pathways. Further addition of alkali-metal ions inhibits the activity of Sn-Beta in all major reaction pathways. The alkali-metal effects on product distribution and on the rate of product formation are similar, thus pointing to a kinetic reaction control and to irreversible reaction steps in the main pathways. Additionally, an effect of the accompanying basic anions is shown, supposedly facilitating the cation exchange and eliciting a different concentration-dependent effect to that of neutral alkali-metal salts.
Neutron limit on the strongly-coupled chameleon field (2016)

The physical origin of the dark energy that causes the accelerated expansion rate of the Universe is one of the major open questions of cosmology. One set of theories postulates the existence of a self-interacting scalar field for dark energy coupling to matter. In the chameleon dark energy theory, this coupling induces a screening mechanism such that the field amplitude is nonzero in empty space but is greatly suppressed in regions of terrestrial matter density. However measurements performed under appropriate vacuum conditions can enable the chameleon field to appear in the apparatus, where it can be subjected to laboratory experiments. Here we report the most stringent upper bound on the free neutron-chameleon coupling in the strongly coupled limit of the chameleon theory using neutron interferometric techniques. Our experiment sought the chameleon field through the relative phase shift it would induce along one of the neutron paths inside a perfect crystal neutron interferometer. The amplitude of the chameleon field was actively modulated by varying the millibar pressures inside a dual-chamber aluminum cell. We report a 95% confidence level upper bound on the neutron-chameleon coupling <i>β</i> ranging from <i>β</i> < 4.7 × 10<sup>6</sup> for a Ratra-Peebles index of <i>n</i> = 1 in the nonlinear scalar field potential to <i>β</i> < 2.4 × 10<sup>7</sup> for <i>n</i> = 6, one order of magnitude more sensitive than the most recent free neutron limit for intermediate <i>n</i>. Similar experiments can explore the full parameter range for chameleon dark energy in the foreseeable future.
Caractérisation texturale de résines en milieu réactionnel (1981)

Abstract Thermoporometry, a method based on the microcalorimetric analysis of liquid‐solid state transformation inside porous substances, gives access to porous volume versus pore size distribution. For the first time, this method is applied to the analysis of flexible products swellable in the reference medium. Conditions for applying transposition thermoporometry to this new class of porous substances are discussed. An example is given, which leads to suggest a model for the swelling process of a macroporous resin. Generalization of this method would induce a major progress in the study of swollen systems and enable better understanding of their structures.
Influenza: Options to Improve Pandemic Preparation (2012)

Science and society have been struggling to find a way to protect humankind from recurring epidemics and pandemics of influenza. Here, we review the options available in the short term and also briefly address the solutions that research may make available in the long term.
Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Near-Infrared Spectral Imaging (2012)

Multimodality imaging systems such as PET-CT and PET-MRI provide valuable anatomic as well as metabolic information about tissue and have become standards-of-care in certain clinical settings. e synergistic combination of high spatial resolution with rich functional information oers improved clinical decision-making and disease management because of increased understanding of the characteristics and progression of disease. An emerging and potentially promising multimodality technology combines near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) imaging with MRI. NIRS provides data on the functional status of tissue, including its hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, water, and lipid concentrations. Dierences in these parameters are oen signatures of malignant tissue; thus, including NIRS with MRI can augment identication of the boundaries of disease with indicators of its aggressiveness. Combined NIRS and MR imaging is a technique in which MRI signicantly improves the accuracy of the NIRS results and NIRS signicantly improves the specicity of MRI for diagnosis of disease such as breast cancer.
Reductive Cleavage of S-Adenosylmethionine by Biotin Synthase from Escherichia coli (2002)

Biotin synthase (BioB) catalyzes the insertion of a sulfur atom between the C6 and C9 carbons of dethiobiotin. Reconstituted BioB from Escherichia coli contains a [4Fe-4S](2+/1+) cluster thought to be involved in the reduction and cleavage of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), generating methionine and the reactive 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical responsible for dethiobiotin H-abstraction. Using EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as methionine quantitation we demonstrate that the reduced S = 1/2 [4Fe-4S](1+) cluster is indeed capable of injecting one electron into AdoMet, generating one equivalent of both methionine and S = 0 [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster. Dethiobiotin is not required for the reaction. Using site-directed mutagenesis we show also that, among the eight cysteines of BioB, only three (Cys-53, Cys-57, Cys-60) are essential for AdoMet reductive cleavage, suggesting that these cysteines are involved in chelation of the [4Fe-4S](2+/1+) cluster.
Extreme Trait Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies PTPRO as a Novel Candidate Gene in Emphysema with Severe Airflow Obstruction (2017)

PTPRO is a novel candidate gene in emphysema with severe airflow obstruction, and rs61754411 is a previously unreported rare variant contributing to emphysema susceptibility. Other suggestive candidate genes, such as ZNF816, are of interest for future studies.
Identifying Potential Active Species in Au/ZnO CO Oxidation Catalysts (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
A first-in-human study of REGN2810, a monoclonal, fully human antibody to programmed death-1 (PD-1), in combination with immunomodulators including hypofractionated radiotherapy (hfRT). (2016)

3024 Background: Monotherapy with PD-1 pathway blockade is effective in a significant minority of patients with various malignancies. Combination therapy may further augment immune and clinical responses. This phase 1 multicenter study assessed the safety and preliminary anti-tumor activity of REGN2810, an anti-PD-1 antibody, as monotherapy and in combination with other anti-tumor treatments in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: REGN2810 was evaluated at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg IV q 2 weeks (W) as monotherapy, and at 1 and 3mg/kg IV q 2W in combination with hfRT (either 9 Gy X 3 days or 6 Gy X 5 days in cycle 1 week 2), or with (CTX) or CTX + hfRT. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design was used, with additional patients (up to 6 total) to confirm safety. DLT monitoring period was 28 days. Tumor response (RECIST 1.1; in non-irradiated lesions) was evaluated every 8 weeks. Results: As of Feb 2016, 58 pts (median age 57.5 yrs, 57% male) have been treated in the dose escalation/safety confirmation portion of study: 18 at 1 mg/kg REGN2810 (mono: n= 6; with RT: n=12); 34 at 3 mg/kg (mono: n=6: with RT: n=12; with CTX: n=6; with RT+CTX: n=10); and 6 at 10 mg/kg alone. There were no DLTs. The most common drug-related adverse events were fatigue (n=14,24.1%), arthralgias (n=7,12.1%), nausea (n=6,10.3%), influenza like illness and rash (each n=5, 8.6%). Drug related adverse events ≥ grade 3 were transaminase elevation (n = 2), anemia (n=1), and anti Hu associated paraneoplastic encephalitis (n=1). Ongoing PK analyses indicate that steady-state is reached within 8 doses of q2W dosing with 2-3 fold accumulation. 43 pts were evaluable for response. Partial/unconfirmed partial responses (uPR) were seen in 9/22 (40.9%) pts who received hfRT and in 2/21(9.5%) pts who received monotherapy. 27/43 (62.8%) pts had disease control (CR/PR/uPR/SD). Multiple expansion cohorts are evaluating REGN2810 at the recommended dose of 3 mg/kg q 2 weeks combined with hfRT and other anti-tumor regimens. Conclusions: REGN2810 has been well-tolerated to date. Responses appear augmented when hfRT is added to REGN2810, suggesting abscopal effects. Clinical trial information: NCT02383212.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Present in Human Colonic Neoplasms Serially Propagated in Hamsters (1972)

Carcinoembryonic antigen, as measured by radioimmunoassay, is present in two different human colonic tumors that have been serially transplanted and maintained in the cheek pouches of unconditioned, adult golden hamsters. This finding shows that a human tumor-associated antigen can be produced in an animal host.
10.1162/153244301753344614 (2000)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Modern Receiver Architectures : Considerations for spectrum monitoring applications (2019)

The International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunications working group (ITU-R) outlines recommendations for the regulations and procedures for federal radio frequency management. They also provide recommendations for the measurement requirements and architectures for monitoring receivers. This paper looks at the evolution from the analog spectrum analyzer to the modern digital receiver in line with ITU-R Recommendations. It also gives some examples of the importance of the new architecture in today's spectrum environment.
Aggregation‐Induced Emissive and Circularly Polarized Homogeneous Sulfono‐γ‐AApeptide Foldamers (2020)

Through our continuous effort in developing a new class of foldamers, we have both designed and synthesized homogenous sulfono-γ-AApeptides using tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties attached to the backbone as luminogenic sidechains. Based on previous crystal structures, we have found that these foldamers adopted a left-handed 4<sub>14</sub>-helix. Due to the constraint of the helical scaffold, the rotation of the TPE moieties were restricted, leading to fluorescent emissive properties with high quantum yields not only at the aggregate state but also in solution. Investigation of the relationship between the structure and fluorescence behavior reveals that emission was induced by the combined effect of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and the rotated restriction from the backbone. Furthermore, as the packing mode of the luminogens could be precisely adjusted by the helical backbone, these foldamers were found to be circularly polarizable with relatively large luminescence dissymmetry factor (<i>g</i> <sub>lum</sub>). Interestingly, possessing cationic amphipathic structures similar to that of host-defense peptides (HDPs), these sulfono-γ-AApeptides were able to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) through membrane interactions.
Comparison of 2D and 3D qualitative whole body positron emission tomography (PET) without attenuation or scatter correction (2002)

The increased sensitivity of 3D PET reduces image noise but can also result in a loss of contrast due to higher scatter fractions. Phantom studies were performed to compare tumor detectability in 2D and 3D qualitative whole body PET without scatter or attenuation correction. Lesion detectability was defined as: detectability=contrast/noise=( <lesion xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-<liver>)//spl sigma//sub liver/, where <lesion> and <liver> are the average of lesion and liver regions of interest (ROIs), respectively. Liver, heart, and soft tissue sections of a Data Spectrum torso phantom containing a Teflon spine insert were filled with F-18 to match relative concentrations found in clinical FDG studies. Spherical lesions of 1.2 and 2.2 cm diameter were placed in the liver with a lesion to liver activity concentration ratio of 2:1. Resulting 2D and 3D images were compared for equivalent whole body acquisition times. Circular ROIs, half the diameter of the lesions, were placed on the tumors and the surrounding background. Background ROIs were normalized to account for the spatially variant bias caused by the absence of the scatter and attenuation corrections. Detectability was greater in the 3D images over the range of count densities and lesion sizes studied, although the difference in detectability between 2D and 3D decreases with decreasing lesion size. These results suggest that 3D imaging is preferable to 2D imaging for clinical qualitative whole body scanning without scatter or attenuation correction. Further studies representing a larger range of clinical applications are required.</liver></lesion></liver></lesion>
NIH Public Access Policy (2004)

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A theoretical model of laser ionization of alkali vapors based on resonance saturation (1981)

We have developed a theoretical model of the ionization that results from extended laser saturation of an atomic resonance transition within a dense alkali vapor. Although this model includes all of the essential collisional-radiative interactions, nevertheless, it leads to relatively simple analytical relations that predict the ionization time history to within 20% of that calculated by our extensive laser ionization based on resonance saturation (LIBORS) computer code in the case of sodium. When allowance is made for the temporal and spatial nature of a realistic laser pulse, the apparent ionization time has been shown to be approximately double that of the value predicted on the basis of a steplike, flat laser pulse.