gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plot showing EEG recordings in representative examples of sham, transduced non-illuminated and light control animals (A, B and C respectively), and transduced illuminated (D) rats. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The seizure was terminated by pentobarbital administration in each case (arrowhead). Color spectrogram represents time-frequency distribution (scale is 0 to 50 Hz) and blue line represents the EEG recording (µV, scale 0 to 600 µV). Black vertical lines mark pilocarpine administration at time 0, vertical blue lines mark the beginning of the seizure. Yellow shading under the time axis indicates illumination with yellow light. Blue traces overlaid on the spectrograms show windowed line-length over the course of the seizure.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Progress in gas detector technology for medical imaging research</title> (1996)

The x-ray capture, conversion into charge carriers, ion transport mechanisms and image formation mechanisms within a high-gas pressure digital radiographic system, operating up to 60 atm., are presented and analyzed. In detail, the physics of the high-pressure KCD imaging detectors is exposed, analyzed and related to the detector and image quality parameters. Specifically, this study indicates that ion diffusion cannot account for all the experimental observations. It advances the hypothesis that, at sufficiently high pressures, formation of molecular clusters with narrowed mobility distribution take place, through energy exchange mechanism, with local potential forces such that they compensate the space charge distortion of the applied field strength.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Phase I Dose–Escalation Study of Regorafenib (BAY 73–4506), an Inhibitor of Oncogenic, Angiogenic, and Stromal Kinases, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 71KB, Best responses (maximum reduction in sum of longest diameter of target lesions from baseline) in individual patients.&lt;/p&gt;
MICRODISCHARGE-BASED PRESSURE SENSORS FOR OPERATION AT 1000˚C (2008)

This paper reports microdischarge-based pressure sensors which operate by measuring the change in spatial current distribution of pulsed DC microdischarges. The sensors are composed of 3D arrays of horizontal bulk metal electrodes embedded in quartz substrates. Microdischarge-based pressure sensors are well-suited for high temperature operation because of the inherently high temperatures of the charged species that are generated. In this effort, temperatures of up to 1000C are tested. The pressure sensors have a measurable pressure range of 10-760 Torr and require an active area of only 0.8 mm 2 . The sensor structures are designed to allow for unequal expansion of electrodes and substrate, during high temperature operation. The sensors demonstrate a maximum sensitivity of 5,000 ppm/Torr and temperature coefficients of sensitivity as low as 44 ppm/K.
Intramolecular Sila-Matteson Rearrangement: A General Access to Silylated Heterocycles (2012)

A series of new silylated heterocycles has been efficiently prepared using an intramolecular silicon version of the Matteson rearrangement, providing two isomers of binuclear heterocycles. This method applies to a large variety of substrates, a direct relationship between the Hammett constants of the aromatic substituents and the isomer ratio being observed. Complementary experiments suggest that a common pentaorganosilicate species is involved.
Analyzing the IT subsystem failure impact on availability of cloud services (2017)

Cloud computing has gained popularity in recent years due to its pay-as-you-go business model, high availability of services, and scalability. Service unavailability does not affect just user experience but is also translated into direct costs for cloud providers and companies. Part of this costs is due to SLA breaches, once interruption time greater than those signed in the contract generate financial penalties. Thus, cloud providers have tried to identify failure points and estimate the availability of their services. This paper proposes models to assess the availability of services running in a cloud data center infrastructure. The models follow the TIA-942 standard. We propose Tier I and IV models using the Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) to allow modeling of different types of applications, and Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) to represent the failure behavior of information technology (IT) components in a data center. We perform stationary analysis to measure the service availability, and sensitivity analysis to understand which metrics have major impacts on data center availability.
Evaluation of Pore Defects in Die Casting Using Fractal Dimensions (2006)

The pore defects inside die casting have an influence on the mechanical properties or air leakage efficiency of products. In these days, the classification of these pore defects is not clearly determined, and accurate measures to reduce these pore defects in the production field are carried out by trial-and-error processes. The accurate classification of pore defects leads to the accurate clarification of the direct cause of these defects. For this purpose, it is necessary to estimate pore defects quantitatively, instead of qualitatively. We propose the fractal dimension as the quantitative indicator of the classification of pore defects. In this study, we examined the fractal analysis of the shapes of “blow hole” and “shrinkage porosity”, and the validity of applying fractal dimensions to pore defects is investigated. The fractal dimensions for shapes of boundary lines for “blow hole” and “shrinkage porosity” are about 1.05~1.09 and about 1.15~1.17, respectively. Therefore, it is shown that the quantitative classification of “blow hole” and “shrinkage porosity” using fractal dimensions is definitely feasible.
Supplementary Table 2 from Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor Treatment Regresses Autochthonous <i>Brca2/p53</i>-Mutant Mammary Tumors <i>In vivo</i> and Delays Tumor Relapse in Combination with Carboplatin (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor Treatment Regresses Autochthonous &lt;i&gt;Brca2/p53&lt;/i&gt;-Mutant Mammary Tumors &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; and Delays Tumor Relapse in Combination with Carboplatin
Is behavioral therapy plus antimuscarinic better than drug alone to treat overactive bladder? (2008)

Urinary incontinence affects more than 10 million Americans and accounts for billions of dollars annually in societal costs. Antimuscarinics and behavioral treatments are both safe and effective first-line treatments for urge incontinence. Most patients do not achieve complete continence with either therapy alone. Adding behavioral training to pharmacologic treatment is an appealing approach to improving outcomes and to possible discontinuation of drug therapy. Evidence for the efficacy of combination therapy over either treatment alone is scarce and inconclusive. Here we review 3 new journal articles that examine this controversy from different perspectives.
Sociologie de l'État en recomposition (2011)

Dans cet article introductif, King et Le Galès rappellent tout d’abord les enjeux de la sociologie de l’État, champ de recherche en recomposition, tout comme l’État qu’elle vise à étudier. Ils mentionnent, d’une part, l’importance de l’État dans la structuration, la régulation des conflits, les inégalités, le pilotage des sociétés européennes et, d’autre part, les arguments mis en avant dans la littérature qui justifient l’intérêt pour la recomposition de l’État, notamment les processus d’européanisation et de mondialisation. Les auteurs évoquent ensuite brièvement des exemples de chantiers de recherche empiriques contemporains sur l’État en soulignant les difficultés de conceptualisation. Ils présentent ensuite une partie des travaux récents de sociologie de l’État à partir de deux controverses : la première a pour objet les questions de définition et les variables à prendre en compte pour analyser l’État, ce qui recoupe le débat sur la distinction entre État fort et État faible et la contestation des modèles traditionnels centrés sur l’Europe. La seconde controverse poursuit cette question des variables. Les auteurs, en s’appuyant notamment sur les travaux de Michael Mann, développent l’idée selon laquelle l’analyse des politiques publiques est centrale pour comprendre les recompositions de l’État contemporain. La présentation des articles réunis dans ce numéro, organisée autour de ces deux controverses, complète cette introduction.
An adaptive streaming method of 360 videos over HTTP/2 protocol (2017)

Nowadays, 360-degree video has become an important component of virtual reality (VR) technology. Unfortunately, this state-of-the-art content type requires a huge bandwidth from a server to a client. In order to solve the bandwidth problem in streaming VR videos over HTTP/2, a dynamic adaptation method is crucial. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive streaming method based on tiled streaming. By using H.265 standard, a video at the server is divided into spatial tiles, each of which is subdivided into multiple temporal segments. In order to support adaptive streaming method from client, each tile is also encoded into different versions. The priority of tiles is defined based on the user's viewport. Then, the priority feature of HTTP/2 is used to request the server to push the tiles of higher priority first. This ensures that the visible tiles will arrive at the client and be decoded first. Besides, in the case of bandwidth fluctuation, we use the stream termination feature to cancel pushing the tiles that would arrive at the client after their playout deadlines.
Nucleophilic Addition of Phenol Derivatives to Methyl 1-Nitrocyclopropanecarboxylates (2008)

Nucleophilic ring opening of methyl 1-nitrocyclopropanecarboxylates by phenol derivatives in the presence of Cs2CO3 is described. The reaction tolerates a variety of substituents on both the aromatic alcohol and the cyclopropane and affords the products in good yields (53-84%) and with complete preservation of the enantiomeric excess at C-4. The methodology was applied in an enantioselective synthesis of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine (Strattera).
Central Nervous System Molecular Imaging (2021)

It has been over 40 years since the advent of in vivo molecular imaging within the brain, first accomplished with a nonmetabolized analog of glucose, namely 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography (PET). Those initial studies paved the way for quantitative brain imaging of a variety of neurotransmitter systems, enzymes, transporters, cells, and synapses, all of which are being pursued to understand normal physiology and neuropsychiatric disease. Furthermore, new modalities have been developed beyond PET for interrogating—and in some cases manipulating—brain activity. In addition to detection of disease, physicians and investigators increasingly use neuromolecular imaging for target engagement and receptor occupancy in the service of drug development, identifying appropriate patients for clinical trials and ultimately for clinical management and determining prognosis—the latter to be augmented as more molecular brain imaging data are available and analyzed using artificial intelligence. In addition to the neurons themselves, molecular imaging within the brain is pivoting toward understanding the immune environment, for example, neuroinflammation, in analogy to shifts seen in cancer imaging research. Mechanism-guided, targeted imaging is the coin of the realm with a view to enhancing precision medicine for central nervous system disorders.
A Versatile Route to Red‐Emitting Carbopyronine Dyes for Optical Microscopy and Nanoscopy (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 19/2010) (2010)

Abstract The cover picture shows a unique bird's eye view of the regular park in Strelna – one of the most desolate, yet stunning historical suburbs of St. Petersburg (Russia). Famous European architects of the 18th century, such as C.‐B. Rastrelli, A. Le Blanc, G.‐B. Chiprianni, P. Michetti, and L. Ruska, participated in the construction of “the Russian Versailles” – this is what the Russian Tsar Peter the Great planned this country residence to be. The northern façade of the Konstantinovsky Palace looks at the hazy and rainy Gulf of Finland. The regular cyclic pattern of the park lanes and shipping canals is reminiscent of the polycyclic structure of carbopyronine dyes decorated with hydrophilic groups. These fluorescent markers are described in the article by V. N. Belov, S. W. Hell et al. on p. 3593 ff. The authors report a detailed and strategically sound synthesis of the carbopyronine scaffold with great potential for dye design. Important photophysical properties and some nanoscopic applications of the new red emitting dyes are also described, and interesting future applications (e.g. as caged carbopyronines) are mentioned. Photo: V. N. Belov; the artwork of Mr. H. Sebesse (Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, G�ttingen, Germany) is acknowledged.
317 Gb/in2 Recording Areal Density on Strontium Ferrite Tape (2020)

The recording performance of a new prototype magnetic tape based on perpendicularly oriented strontium ferrite particles is investigated using a 29 nm wide tunneling magnetoresistive reader. At a linear density of 702 kbpi, a post-detection byte-error rate of 2.8e-2 is demonstrated based on measured recording data and a software read channel. The read channel uses a 64-state implementation of an extended version of a data-dependent noise-predictive maximum-likelihood detection scheme that tracks the first and second order statistics of the data-dependent noise. At the demonstrated post-detection byte-error rate, a post-error-correction-coding byte-error rate of less than 1e-20 can be achieved using an iterative decoding architecture. To facilitate aggressive track-density scaling, we made multiple advances in the area of track following. First, we developed a new timing-based servo pattern and implemented a novel quad channel averaging scheme. Second, we developed a new field programmable gate array prototyping platform to enable the implementation of quad channel averaging. Third, we enhanced our low disturbance tape transport with a pair of 20 mm diameter air bearing tape guides and a prototype track-following actuator. Fourth, we developed a novel low friction tape head and finally, we designed a set of tape speed optimized track-following controllers using the model-based H&lt;sub&gt;∞&lt;/sub&gt; design framework. Combining these technologies, we achieved a position error signal (PES) characterized by a standard deviation ≤ 3.18 nm over a tape speed range of 1.2 to 4.1 m/s. This magnitude of PES in combination with a 29 nm wide reader enables reliable recording at a track width of 56.2 nm corresponding to a track density of 451.9 ktpi, for an equivalent areal density of 317.3 Gb/in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.
Oxygen-induced broken-bond defect in silicon (1992)

The electronic and geometric structure of a recently proposed oxygen-related defect in silicon is studied using a precise Iab initioP quantum-molecular-dynamics method based on local-density-functional theory, nonlocal pseudopotentials, and the supercell approximation. This defect is a metastable configuration of interstitial oxygen in Si (Si:${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{i}}$), and it is closely related to a vacancy-interstitial pair. This defect has a relatively low formation energy despite the presence of a silicon broken bond. A simple and straightforward procedure is used to identify the static barrier for the formation of an intimate vacancy-interstitial pair in silicon and the static barrier for the recombination of the broken bond in metastable Si:${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{i}}$. The similarities in geometric configurations for both cases are explored to introduce a mechanism for the creation of intimate vacancy-interstitial-like defects in silicon.
Creating Patient-Specific Neural Cells for the In Vitro Study of Brain Disorders (2015)

As a group, we met to discuss the current challenges for creating meaningful patient-specific in vitro models to study brain disorders. Although the convergence of findings between laboratories and patient cohorts provided us confidence and optimism that hiPSC-based platforms will inform future drug discovery efforts, a number of critical technical challenges remain. This opinion piece outlines our collective views on the current state of hiPSC-based disease modeling and discusses what we see to be the critical objectives that must be addressed collectively as a field.
A high utility integrated map of the pig genome (2007)

The map will enable immediate electronic positional cloning of genes, benefiting the pig research community and further facilitating use of the pig as an alternative animal model for human disease. The clone map and BAC end sequence data can also help to support the assembly of maps and genome sequences of other artiodactyls.
Abstract W P327: Quantitative Localization and Predictive Performance of Intracranial Hemorrhage (2015)

Background and Purpose: Current studies of association between intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) localization and stroke severity present conflicting evidence. Using advanced registration techniques on computed tomography (CT) scans, we provide detailed quantification of ICH location and its association with stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed 111 scans from 111 patients enrolled in the MISTIE (Minimally Invasive Surgery plus recombinant-tissue plasminogen activator for Intracerebral Evacuation) trial. We registered CT scans to a CT template, estimated a 3-dimensional map of where ICH engagement occurs, and derived regions predictive of 2 severity scores: the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. We compared the prediction performance of these regions compared to using location information determined by human readers using the adjusted R2 from linear regression models. Results: In this sample, ICH is primarily located in deep brain nuclei and lobar white matter, including the superior corona radiata and the thalamus (Figure 1), is related to severity scores. The prediction performance was twice as good for the image-based model compared to the reader-based model (adjusted R2: 0.254 vs. 0.129 for NIHSS, 0.214 vs. 0.069 for GCS). Conclusions: Measures of ICH location and engagement using advanced CT imaging processing provide finer, more quantitative, and more predictive anatomic information than that provided by expert human readers. These findings suggest that important anatomic relationships may play biologically plausible roles in determining the severity of a particular ICH and can be estimated using this analytic platform.
IL10-driven STAT3 signalling in senescent macrophages promotes pathological eye angiogenesis (2015)

Macrophage dysfunction plays a pivotal role during neovascular proliferation in diseases of ageing including cancers, atherosclerosis and blinding eye disease. In the eye, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) causes blindness in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here we report that increased IL10, not IL4 or IL13, in senescent eyes activates STAT3 signalling that induces the alternative activation of macrophages and vascular proliferation. Targeted inhibition of both IL10 receptor-mediated signalling and STAT3 activation in macrophages reverses the ageing phenotype. In addition, adoptive transfer of STAT3-deficient macrophages into eyes of old mice significantly reduces the amount of CNV. Systemic and CD163(+) eye macrophages obtained from AMD patients also demonstrate STAT3 activation. Our studies demonstrate that impaired SOCS3 feedback leads to permissive IL10/STAT3 signalling that promotes alternative macrophage activation and pathological neovascularization. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the pathobiology of age-associated diseases and may guide targeted immunotherapy.
Total synthesis of ionophore antibiotic X-14547A. 2. Coupling of the tetrahydropyran and tetrahydroindan systems and construction of the butadienyl and ketopyrrole moieties (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of ionophore antibiotic X-14547A. 2. Coupling of the tetrahydropyran and tetrahydroindan systems and construction of the butadienyl and ketopyrrole moietiesK. C. Nicolaou, D. A. Claremon, D. P. Papahatjis, and R. L. MagoldaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 23, 6969–6971Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00413a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00413a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bidirectional Interactive Conten ts Player for Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) (2008)

This paper presents a bidirectional interactive contents player for terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB). The presented player is capable of sending user requests to a proper return channel server using information included in a scene presentation. The player provides functionality to combine requested data received via communication networks with the initially broadcasted contents to present additional information to users. The result of a request transmitted back through the broadcasting network can also be presented properly using the presented player.
Ring-Based Stiffening Flexure Applied as a Load Cell With High Resolution and Large Force Range (2017)

This paper applies linear elastic theory and Castigliano's first theorem to design nonlinear (stiffening) flexures used as load cells with both large force range and large resolution. Low stiffness at small forces causes high sensitivity, while high stiffness at large forces prevents over-straining. With a standard 0.1 lm deflection sensor, the nonlinear load cell may detect 1% changes in force over five orders of force magnitude. In comparison, a traditional linear load cell functions over only three orders of magnitude. We physically implement the nonlinear flexure as a ring that increasingly contacts rigid surfaces with carefully chosen curvatures as more force is applied. We analytically describe the load cell performance as a function of its geometry. We describe methods for manufacturing the flexure from a monolithic part or multiple parts. We experimentally verify the theory for two load cells with different parameters.
Cover Picture: Amine Grafting on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers of MOFs: Consequences for Catalysis and Metal Encapsulation (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 22/2008) (2008)

Site-selective functionalization …︁ of coordinatively unsaturated sites in MIL-101, Cr3(F,OH)(H2O)2O[(O2C)-C6H4-(CO2)]3⋅n H2O (n≈25), is described by J.-S. Chang, G. Férey et al. in their Communication on page 4144 ff. After dehydration of MIL-101, grafting with amine molecules followed by noble-metal encapsulation leads to metal–organic frameworks having high catalytic activity in the Knoevenagel condensation and the Heck coupling reaction.