gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Polysaccharide-graft-polymethacrylate Copolymer for Three-Dimensional Hybrid Hydrogels (2008)

Hybrid materials constituted by hydrophobic and hydrophilic biocompatible macromolecules are useful for biomedical applications. In this context, a well-known acrylic monomer (methyl methacrylate) was polymerized and grafted onto the polysaccharide dextran by the use of ceric ammonium nitrate as a redox initiator in aqueous nitric acid medium. The effects of concentrations of dextran, acrylic monomer, and ceric ions on the copolymerization yields were investigated in detail. The obtained polymers were studied by solubility measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and viscosimetric analysis. Interestingly, we found conditions to form transparent and homogeneous thin films or 3D structures with hybrid properties. Indeed, the copolymer, but not dextran or PMMA, could be dissolved in water/THF (20/80 v/v). The thermomechanical properties of the resulting copolymer analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis showed the occurrence of a single glass-transition temperature and a marked difference with the two homopolymers. The cytocompatibility of the copolymer with human endothelial cells was evidenced by the normal cell adhesion, proliferation, and morphology after 5 days in culture on these gels. In conclusion, this type of copolymer with hybrid properties of two biocompatible macromolecules could be of great interest as a 3D scaffold or for coating in biomedical applications.
Plasmon Localization and Local Field Distribution in Metal-Dielectric Films (2003)

An exact and very efficient numerical method for calculating the effective conductivity and local-field distributions in random R-L-C networks is developed. Using this method, the local-field properties of random metal-dielectric films are investigated in a wide spectral range and for a variety of metal concentrations p. It is shown that for metal concentrations close to the percolation threshold (p=p(c)) and frequencies close to the resonance, the local-field intensity is characterized by a non-Gaussian, exponentially broad distribution. For low and high metal concentrations a scaling region is formed that is due to the increasing number of noninteracting dipoles. The local electric fields are studied in terms of characteristic length parameters. The roles of both localized and extended eigenmodes in Kirchhoff's Hamiltonian are investigated.
Visible-Light-Driven Water Oxidation Using Anatase Titania Modified with First-Row Transition-Metal-Oxide Nanoclusters (2019)

Composites comprising nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 and nanoclusters of first-row transition-metal oxides (MOx; M = Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni), which can potentially function as water oxidation catalysts, were applied as photocatalysts for water oxidation under visible light (480 < λ < 900 nm). Although TiO2 showed no visible light absorption, each of the MOx/TiO2 composites was capable of absorbing visible light. Activities during visible-light-driven water oxidation were examined using these materials in the presence of Ag+ as an electron acceptor. Co and Ni were found to be effective modifiers and promoted water oxidation with TiO2, whereas CoOx/TiO2 exhibited the highest activity. The catalytic activities of the MOx series during “dark” water oxidation were also investigated, employing an established photochemical water oxidation scheme with a Ru(II) trisdiimine complex as a redox photosensitizer in conjunction with weak visible light illumination. Under these conditions, the effect of light absorption by MOx/TiO2 on the reaction could be neglected. This investigation revealed that CoOx/TiO2 had by far the highest activity among the MOx/TiO2 composites. This work thus highlights the important role of the dark water oxidation process that occurs on the MOx surface in determining the overall efficiency of MOx/TiO2 during photocatalytic water oxidation.
Controlling side-chain density of electron donating polymers for improving their packing structure and photovoltaic performance (2011)

A simple and efficient approach of controlling the side-chain density in the electron donating polymers has been demonstrated to tune their 3-D packing structure and HOMO level, which increases the hole mobility and V(oc) values, thus improving the solar cell performance.
Oscillatory exchange coupling in the two-dimensional limit (2005)

The dimensionality aspects of the order–disorder transition in single and double magnetic layers is addressed. A single Fe film of three monolayers, embedded in V(001) layers, was determined to be two-dimensional and XY-like. Two Fe layers, separated by 14.4 monolayers of V(001), were determined to belong to the same universality class as the single Fe film. The interlayer exchange coupling was altered in situ by introducing hydrogen in the V layers. An oscillation of the ordering temperature was observed, consistent with an oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling. The two-dimensional nature of the bilayer was confirmed by the ratio of the interlayer and intralayer couplings (). The results therefore support the existence of an oscillatory exchange coupling in the quasi-two-dimensional limit.
The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface (1998)

The airway surface is an important host defense against pulmonary infection. Secretion of proteins with antimicrobial activity from epithelial cells onto the airway surface represents an important component of this innate immune system. Defensins are the best characterized epithelial-derived peptide antibiotics. A member of another family of peptide antibiotics called cathelicidins recently was identified from human bone marrow. We show in this paper that this human peptide named LL-37/hCAP-18 also may play a role in innate immunity of the human lung. In situ hybridization localized high levels of LL-37/hCAP-18 RNA to surface epithelial cells of the conducting airway as well as serous and mucous cells of the submucosal glands. LL-37/hCAP-18 peptide with antimicrobial activity was partially purified from airway surface fluid from human lung and a human bronchial xenograft model. The synthetic peptide LL-37 demonstrated antibiotic activity against a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa; bacterial killing of LL-37 was sensitive to NaCl and was synergistic with lactoferrin and lysozyme. In summary, we show that LL-37/hCAP-18 is a peptide with broad antimicrobial activity that is secreted onto the airway surface from epithelial cells of the human lung.
Real-time 112Gb/s DWDM coherent transmission with 40% extended reach by transmitter-side low-complexity nonlinear mitigation (2014)

One stage nonlinear digital pre-distortion and pulse-carving extend the transmission reach by 40% in real-time DWDM DP-QPSK transmission using digital coherent CMOS LSI. Practical robustness against link uncertainties was confirmed.
Inherent vacuity for GR(1) specifications (2020)

Vacuity is a well-known quality issue in formal specifications, studied mostly in the context of model checking. Inherent vacuity is a type of vacuity that applies to specifications, without the context of a model. GR(1) is an expressive assume-guarantee fragment of LTL, which enables efficient symbolic synthesis.
Sclerotherapy or Banding for Oesophageal Varices? (1998)

use of a surgical technique which could not adequately decompress the common channel (supraduodenal exploration with insertion of a T-tube).
Maximum likelihood based sparse and distributed conjoint analysis (2012)

A new statistical model for choice-based conjoint analysis is proposed. The model uses auxiliary variables to account for outliers and to detect the salient features that influence decisions. Unlike recent classification-based approaches to choice-based conjoint analysis, a sparsity-aware maximum likelihood (ML) formulation is proposed to estimate the model parameters. The proposed approach is conceptually appealing, mathematically tractable, and is also well-suited for distributed implementation. Its performance is tested and compared to the prior state-of-art using synthetic as well as real data coming from a conjoint choice experiment for coffee makers, with very promising results.
Document clustering with committees (2002)

Document clustering is useful in many information retrieval tasks: document browsing, organization and viewing of retrieval results, generation of Yahoo-like hierarchies of documents, etc. The general goal of clustering is to group data elements such that the intra-group similarities are high and the inter-group similarities are low. We present a clustering algorithm called CBC (Clustering By Committee) that is shown to produce higher quality clusters in document clustering tasks as compared to several well known clustering algorithms. It initially discovers a set of tight clusters (high intra-group similarity), called committees, that are well scattered in the similarity space (low inter-group similarity). The union of the committees is but a subset of all elements. The algorithm proceeds by assigning elements to their most similar committee. Evaluating cluster quality has always been a difficult task. We present a new evaluation methodology that is based on the editing distance between output clusters and manually constructed classes (the answer key). This evaluation measure is more intuitive and easier to interpret than previous evaluation measures.
Anthradithiophene (ADT)‐Based Polymerized Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for All‐Polymer Solar Cells (2023)

Realizing efficient all-polymer solar cell (APSC) acceptors typically involves increased building block synthetic complexity, hence potentially unscalable syntheses and/or prohibitive costs. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and implementation in APSCs of three new polymer acceptors P1-P3 using a scalable donor fragment, bis(2-octyldodecyl)anthra[1,2-b : 5,6-b']dithiophene-4,10-dicarboxylate (ADT) co-polymerized with the high-efficiency acceptor units, NDI, Y6, and IDIC. All three copolymers have comparable photophysics to known polymers; however, APSCs fabricated by blending P1, P2 and P3 with donor polymers PM5 and PM6 exhibit modest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), with the champion P2-based APSC achieving PCE=5.64 %. Detailed morphological and microstructural analysis by AFM and GIWAXS reveal a non-optimal APSC active layer morphology, which suppresses charge transport. Despite the modest efficiencies, these APSCs demonstrate the feasibility of using ADT as a scalable and inexpensive electron rich/donor building block for APSCs.
A Cervical Cancer Screening Trainer for Use in Low-Resource Settings (2016)

Each year, cervical cancer causes the death of over 275,000 women worldwide with eighty percent of these cases occurring in low or lower-middle income countries. Cervical cancer screening programs reduce cervical cancer occurrence by identifying and treating pre-cancerous cervical abnormalities before they develop to malignant stages. Standard methods of screening are inappropriate for use in low-resource settings and therefore screening is very limited. Based on a design ethnography studyperformed over a two-month period in Ghana, a need was identified for a low-fidelity model to assist in training healthcare providers to screen for cervical cancer using visual inspection with acetic acid. The design presented in this paper is a box trainer with a simulated vaginal cavity that allows a user to insert cervical images displayed on plastic tabs or cards from the Jhpiego Visual Inspection of the Cervix Flash Card Set©. A modular electronic feedback mechanism trains the user to properly complete the steps of the screening procedure and to track the successes of their diagnoses. This paper describes the need for a cervical cancer screening trainer, the process used to design a trainer to support visual inspection with acetic acid, and the results of prototyping and preliminary usability tests.
An Escherichia Coli Antigen Cross-Reactive with the Capsular Polysaccharide of Haemophilus Influenzae Type b: Occurrence Among Known Serotypes, and Immunochemical and Biologic Properties of E. Coli Antisera Toward H. Influenzae Type b (1972)

Abstract An Escherichia coli antigen was shown to be cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae type b. The cross-reactive antigen was identified as a thermostable, acidic, capsular polysaccharide consistent with its designation as E. coli “K” antigen (type A). Antibodies raised by intravenous injection of formaldehyde-treated E. coli possessing the cross-reactive antigen precipitated with the H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide and had “protective” activity against H. influenzae type b in biologic assays. The cross-reactive antigen was identified in E. coli with various O and H serotypes and did not appear to be associated with pathogenicity.
Total synthesis of (+)-papuamine: determination of the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product (1994)

A. G. M. Barrett, M. L. Boys and T. L. Boehm, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1881 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001881
Effect of isopropylidene replacement on gas transport properties of polycarbonates (1991)

Abstract The gas sorption and transport properties of a series of polycarbonates in which the isopropylidene unit of bisphenol A polycarbonate has been replaced with another molecular group are presented. Two new materials, bisphenol of norbornane polycarbonate (NBPC) and bisphenol Z polycarbonate (PCZ), are compared with several polymers which have been studied previously in this laboratory, including bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC), hexafluorobisphenol A polycarbonate (HFPC), and bisphenol of chloral polycarbonate (BCPC). The effect of molecular structure on chain mobility and chain packing is related to the gas transport properties. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry are used to judge chain mobility, while x‐ray diffraction and free volume calculations give information about chain packing. Permeability measurements were made for He, H 2 , O 2 , N 2 , CH 4 , and CO 2 at 35°C over a range of pressures up to 20 atm. Sorption experiments were also done for N 2 , CH 4 , and CO 2 under the same conditions. The permeability coefficients of these polymers rank in the order HFPC ≫ NBPC&gt;PC&gt;BCPC ≫ PCZ for all of the gases. With the exception of BCPC, this order correlates well with fractional free volume. The low gas permeability of BCPC is attributed to a polarity effect. In general, bulky and relatively immobile substituents, as in HFPC and NBPC, can yield improved separation characteristics. The polar group of BCPC and the flexible cyclohexyl substituent of PCZ result in relatively low gas permeability.
Gene Cloning and Overexpression of a Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase of an Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium,Thermus thermophilus (1999)

A geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase gene of an extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus, was cloned and sequenced. T. thermophilus GGPP synthase, overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, was purified and characterized. The fusion protein, retaining thermostability, formed a homodimer, and showed higher specific activity than did a partially purified thermostable enzyme previously reported. Optimal reaction conditions and kinetic parameters were also examined. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that T. thermophilus GGPP synthase was excluded from the group of bacterial type GGPP synthases and lacked the insertion amino acid residues in the first aspartate-rich motif as do archaeal and eukaryotic short-chain prenyltransferases.
Clinically-relevant cell type cross-talk identified from a human lung tumor microenvironment interactome (2019)

ABSTRACT Tumors comprise a complex microenvironment of interacting malignant and stromal cell types. Much of our understanding of the tumor microenvironment comes from in vitro studies isolating the interactions between malignant cells and a single stromal cell type, often along a single pathway. To develop a deeper understanding of the interactions between cells within human lung tumors we performed RNA-seq profiling of flow-sorted malignant cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and bulk cells from freshly resected human primary non-small-cell lung tumors. We mapped the cell-specific differential expression of prognostically-associated secreted factors and cell surface genes, and computationally reconstructed cross-talk between these cell types to generate a novel resource we call the Lung Tumor Microenvironment Interactome (LTMI). Using this resource, we identified and validated a prognostically unfavorable influence of Gremlin-1 production by fibroblasts on proliferation of malignant lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also found a prognostically favorable association between infiltration of mast cells and less aggressive tumor cell behavior. These results illustrate the utility of the LTMI as a resource for generating hypotheses concerning tumor-microenvironment interactions that may have prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Summary RNA-seq profiling of sorted populations from primary lung cancer samples identifies prognostically relevant cross-talk between cell types in the tumor microenvironment.
Web image retrieval reranking with multi-view clustering (2009)

General image retrieval is often carried out by a text-based search engine, such as Google Image Search. In this case, natural language queries are used as input to the search engine. Usually, the user queries are quite ambiguous and the returned results are not well-organized as the ranking often done by the popularity of an image. In order to address these problems, we propose to use both textual and visual contents of retrieved images to reRank web retrieved results. In particular, a machine learning technique, a multi-view clustering algorithm is proposed to reorganize the original results provided by the text-based search engine. Preliminary results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
A Comment on Lightning Control Using a Femtosecond Laser (1999)

The current technique of lightning control using nanosecond CO 2 laser pulses and its limitations are analysed. The advantages of replacing the CO 2 laser pulses by intense femtosecond laser pulses without changing the basic design of the lightning control tower are analysed and discussed.
Domain Walls in the(Ga,Mn)AsDiluted Magnetic Semiconductor (2008)

We report experimental and theoretical studies of magnetic domain walls in an in-plane magnetized (Ga,Mn)As dilute moment ferromagnetic semiconductor. Our high-resolution electron holography technique provides direct images of domain wall magnetization profiles. The experiments are interpreted based on microscopic calculations of the micromagnetic parameters and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations. We find that the competition of uniaxial and biaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropies in the film is directly reflected in orientation dependent wall widths, ranging from approximately 40 to 120 nm. The domain walls are of the Néel type and evolve from near-90 degrees walls at low temperatures to large angle [11[over ]0]-oriented walls and small angle [110]-oriented walls at higher temperatures.
Characterization of impact ionization engineered InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (2011)

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is characterizing InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with internal structures engineered to reduce dark counts and ionization coefficient ratio (keff). Recently, much progress has been made in the use of APDs in linear mode for photon counting applications.<sup>1</sup> However, the best results in linear mode single photon counting in InGaAs devices have been obtained by cooling the devices well below 200 K to reduce dark current. The single photon counting capability is due to the high gain available in the tail of the APD gain distribution, and this high gain tail is enhanced by reducing the ionization ratio (keff) and dark noise.<sup>2</sup> Since recent promising results in linear mode APD photon counting have involved engineering the APDs to reduce keff, it is likely that these devices will also perform much better than standard APDs in free space lasercomm applications at temperatures which can easily be reached by thermoelectric coolers, or even uncooled, due to the keff reduction. NRL has obtained several InGaAs APDs of both the standard design and of a new design using impact ionization engineering from OptoGration, Inc. of Wilmington, MA. Some results of characterization of these APDs will be presented.
ERH (Enhancer of Rudimentary Homologue), a Conserved Factor Identical between Frog and Human, Is a Transcriptional Repressor (2001)

Drosophila enhancer of rudimentary [e(r)] interacts genetically with the rudimentary gene, which encodes a protein possessing the first three enzymatic activities of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. A regulatory or enzymatic activity of e(r) in pyrimidine biosynthesis and the cell cycle has been suggested, but nothing is known about its molecular function. The factor is evolutionarily highly conserved since homologues exist in plants and mammals. We cloned the Xenopus enhancer of rudimentary homologue (XERH) as an interaction partner of DCoH/PCD (dimerisation cofactor of HNF1/pterin-4alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase) in the yeast two-hybrid assay. DCoH/PCD is a multifunctional factor originally identified as a positive cofactor of the HNF1 homeobox transcription factors. XERH is a 104 amino acid protein that is identical to its mammalian homologues. The mRNA is expressed maternally, enriched in ectodermal derivatives during development and ubiquitously detectable in the adult. Fused to the DNA binding region of the GAL4 transcription factor domain, XERH represses the activity of a GAL4 responsive reporter in HeLa, but not in NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, the DCoH/PCD coactivation of a HNF1 responsive reporter is inhibited by XERH. We propose that XERH is a cell type-specific transcriptional repressor, probably interfering with HNF1-dependent gene regulation via DCoH/PCD.
Selection and Counterselection of Hia Expression Reveals a Key Role for Phase-Variable Expression of Hia in Infection Caused by NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae (2015)

Hia is a major adhesin of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and has long been investigated as a vaccine candidate. Here we show that Hia phase variation is controlled by changes in the length of a polythymidine tract located in the hia promoter. Studies of an invasive clinical isolate (strain R2866) show that strains expressing high Hia levels are more efficiently killed by opsonophagocytosis. An opsonophagocytic assay was used to select for a subpopulation of variants that expressed a low level of Hia, which facilitated their escape from killing by anti-Hia antisera. Conversely, a subpopulation of variants expressing a high level of Hia was selected for during passaging through Chang cells. In both cases, phase variation of Hia expression corresponded directly with discrete modal changes in polythymidine tract length. In the chinchilla model of NTHi infection, we observed consistent selection for high Hia expression upon nasopharyngeal colonization, confirming the key role of phase-variable expression of Hia within a specific niche in vivo.