gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OpenMP 4.5 compiler optimization for GPU offloading (2020)

Ability to efficiently offload computational workloads to graphic processing units (GPUs) is critical for the success of hybrid CPU–GPU architectures, such as the Summit and Sierra supercomputing systems. OpenMP 4.5 is a high-level programming model that enables the development of architecture- and accelerator-independent applications. This article describes aspects of the OpenMP implementation in the IBM XL C/C++ and XL Fortran OpenMP compilers that aid programmers to achieve performance objectives. This includes an interprocedural static analysis the XL optimizer uses to specialize code generation of the OpenMP <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">distribute parallel do</i> loop within the dynamic context of a target region, and other compiler optimizations designed to reduce the overhead of data transferred to an offloaded target region. We introduce the heuristic used at runtime to select optimal grid sizes for offloaded target team constructs. These tuned heuristics lead to an average improvement of 2× in the runtime of several target regions in the SPEC ACCEL V1.2 benchmark suite. In addition to performance enhancement, this article also presents an advanced diagnostic feature implemented in the XL Fortran compiler to aid in debugging OpenMP applications offloaded to accelerators.
Teaching Electromagnetic Field Theory Using Differential Forms (2021)

The calculus of differential forms has significant advantages over traditional methods as a tool for teaching electromagnetic (EM) field theory. Differential forms clarify the relationship between field intensity and flux density, by providing distinct mathematical and graphical representations for the two types of fields. Ampere’s and Faraday’s laws obtain graphical representations that are as intuitive as the representation of Gauss’s law. The vector Stokes theorem and the divergence theorem become special cases of a single relationship that is easier for the student to remember, apply, and visualize than their vector formulations. Computational simplifications result from the use of forms: derivatives are easier to employ in curvilinear coordinates, integration becomes more straightforward, and families of vector identities are replaced by algebraic rules. In this chapter, EM theory and the calculus of differential forms are developed in parallel, from an elementary, conceptually oriented point of view using simple examples and intuitive motivations. Because of the power of the calculus of differential forms in conveying the fundamental concepts of EM theory, it provides an attractive and viable alternative to the use of vector analysis in teaching electromagnetic field theory. The material in this chapter is taken from Ref. [1]. It includes an elementary introduction to electromagnetic field theory using differential forms, simple computational examples, and a summary of the pedagogical advantages of differential forms. The primary contribution is to extend the geometric viewpoint advanced in Refs. [2, 3], providing a new viewpoint on the quantities and physical principles of electromagnetic field theory.
Pharmacokinetics and Antitumor Efficacy of Paclitaxel–Cyclodextrin Complexes Loaded in Mucus-Penetrating Nanoparticles for Oral Administration (2014)

PTX orally administered in poly(anhydride) NPs, combined with cyclodextrins and poly(ethylene glycol), displayed sustained plasma levels and significant antitumor effect in a syngenic tumor model of carcinoma in mice.
Short‐term (S‐T) magnesium (Mg)‐deficiency (MD) results in decreased levels of serum sphingomyelin and apoptosis in in‐vivo cardiac tissues and aortic smooth muscle:Implications for sphingolipids(SPH) in cardiovascular diseases(CVD) (2008)

We have shown in vascular muscle cells that variation in free Mg2+ caused changes in membrane(M) phospholipids, second messengers and M oxidation. Decreased [ Mg2+]o produced a fall in M sphingomyelin (SM); increased [Mg2+]o raised intracellular ceramide. Low Mg content in drinking water is associated with high incidences of CVD. Using S‐T (21 days) dietary deficiency of Mg ( 10% normal intake) in Wistar rats, and ISEs to measure serum free Mg2+, we determined whether S‐T MD would : 1) lead to reductions in serum SM, DNA‐fragmentations(DNA‐fr), lipid peroxidation (LP), and activation of caspase‐3 (CAS‐3) in cardiac (CA) and aortic smooth muscle (AM);and 2) whether imbibing Mg in drinking water would inhibit/reverse these effects of MD. The MD‐animals were allowed to drink triply‐distilled water containing different levels of Mg; controls received a normal Mg diet. Left &amp; right ventricles, atria and abdominal aorta were analysed. Data indicate that S‐T MD resulted in reductions in s‐Mg2+, lowering of s‐SM, LP, DNA‐fr and activation of CAS‐3 in CA and AM. Water‐borne Mg attenuated or inhibited the reductions in s‐SM and activation of LP, DNA‐fr and CAS‐3. We conclude: 1) S‐T MD results in a down‐regulation of SM synthase and, most likely, generation of SPH, which could account, in part, for MD‐induced cardiovascular pathologies; and 2) water‐borne, bioavailable Mg would appear to be cardioprotective in rats.
Universal image formation theory for linear/nonlinear optical microscopy and optical coherence tomography (2023)

We construct a universal image formation theory that generalized individual optical imaging systems including OCT by stepping up to the four-dimensional (4-D) coordinate system. We show how the unified image formation theory is formulated by applying the modern physics to imaging systems. A bird’s-eye view from the four dimensions brightens up the perspective of the image formations in almost all optical systems simultaneously, even though different types of imaging systems seem entirely distinct and unrelated. We define a 4-D aperture in the 4-D frequency domain as an instrumental function that indicates a spatial-temporal resolution, which allows for the comparison of 4-D optical resolution in all imaging systems that includes a time response stemming from the light-matter interaction. In virtue of a strict definition of a 4-D frequency cutoff, the optical resolution can be evaluated and compared to other imaging systems in the frequency domain more clearly than in the real-space domain. The unification of individual imaging systems has been achieved with the 4-D aperture. It can easily be visualized how the 4-D aperture captures a certain region in an object frequency, and how the image formation is performed with the captured 4-D frequency region by stepping down to the 3-D frequency domain. We will show that some types exist in terms of the image formation, which means that how to drop one dimension to form the 3-D image depends on the optical system. We will find that our new framework can explain each individual existing approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Arylaminomethylation of Unactivated Alkenes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simulating the Non-Isothermal Mixing of Polymer Blends Using the Boundary Element Method (1993)

In most polymer processes the quality of the final part stems back in great part to the mixing of the compound and the viscous heating that occurs during the process. To date, these processes have been simulated using the finite difference or finite element methods which rely on cumbersome remeshing techniques, restricting the analysis to sim ple geometries. However, mathematical manipulation of the governing equations results in boundary integrals, allowing the solution of complicated moving boundary problems without domain meshing. The resulting boundary element model and simulation results of the flow and heat transfer effects during mixing of polymer blends is presented in this arti cle. The results are in good agreement with experimental data and give insight to the com plex phenomena that take place during mixing processes.
Biosynthesis of phycobiliproteins. Incorporation of biliverdin into phycocyanin of the red alga Cyanidium caldarium (1984)

14C-labelled biliverdin IX alpha was administered to cultures of Cyanidium caldarium that were actively synthesizing photosynthetic pigments in the light. Between 9 and 12% of the phycobiliprotein chromophore produced in such cultures was derived from exogenous biliverdin. These results demonstrate that biliverdin is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phycobiliproteins.
Measurement of $CP$ violation in $B^0 \to D^{*\pm}D^\mp$ decays (2019)

Abstract: The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B0→ D∗±D∓ decays is mea- sured using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 recorded by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The CP parameters are measured asSD∗D=−0.861±0.077stat±0.019syst, ΔSD∗D=0.019±0.075stat±0.012syst, CD∗D=−0.059±0.092stat±0.020syst, ΔCD∗D=−0.031±0.092stat±0.016syst, AD∗D=0.008±0.014stat±0.006syst. The analysis provides the most precise single measurement of CP violation in this decay channel to date. All parameters are consistent with their current world average values.
Protection from pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury by adenosine A2A receptor activation (2009)

Specific activation of A2AARs provides potent protection against lung IR injury via attenuation of inflammation. This protection occurs in the absence of circulating blood thereby indicating a protective role of A2AAR activation on resident lung cells such as alveolar macrophages. Specific A2AAR activation may be a promising therapeutic target for the prevention or treatment of pulmonary graft dysfunction in transplant patients.
32×20 Gb/s transmission over trans-Atlantic distance (6200 km) with 31% spectral efficiency (2002)

We present the first experimental demonstration of trans-Atlantic transmission using DWDM 20 Gb/s channels. A total capacity of 640 Gb/s (32/spl times/20 Gb/s) was transmitted 6200 km with a spectral efficiency of 31 %.
Retroreflex ellipsometry for isotropic substrates with nonplanar surfaces (2019)

Ellipsometry is a widely-used and highly-accurate method for characterizing materials and thin films, though conventional ellipsometry restricts the geometric shape of samples to flat or nearly flat surfaces. For nonplanar surfaces, the beam path of the reflected or transmitted light will be altered owing to the curvature of the surfaces. The concept of retroreflex ellipsometry was developed at Fraunhofer IOSB to overcome the limitation of conventional ellipsometry via a retroreflector (retroreflective sheet). However, prior information regarding the samples is still necessary. In this paper, retroreflex ellipsometry is combined with reflectance measurements to derive the optical properties for isotropic substrates with nonplanar surfaces using the reflectance R and the ellipsometric data (Ψ, Δ) without prior knowledge of incident angles. The experimental results show that this retroreflex ellipsometry prototype has excellent accuracy and precision for the full Mueller matrix measurement and is capable of measuring refractive indices of nonplanar surfaces.
Highly efficient cavitation-enhanced heating with dual-frequency ultrasound exposure in high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment (2014)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment is a noninvasive therapy for malignant as well as benign tumors. In this method, the ultrasound is generated outside the body and focused to the target tissue. Therefore, physical and mental stresses on the patient are minimal. A drawback of HIFU therapy is the long treatment time for a large tumor owing to a small therapeutic volume by a single exposure. Enhancing the heating effect of ultrasound by cavitation bubbles may solve this problem. They are generated by high-intensity ultrasound exposure and can convert the acoustic energy into heat at a high efficiency. In this study, we combined "dual-frequency ultrasound exposure" for the efficient generation and expansion of a cavitation bubble cloud, and "multiple-triggered HIFU" for the efficient enhancement of ultrasonic heating. The result suggests that the newly proposed combined method is more efficient than the conventional triggered HIFU method.
New stent design for use in small coronary arteries during percutaneous coronary intervention (2010)

Patients with diabetes mellitus, of female gender, increased age, and/or with peripheral vascular disease often develop coronary stenoses in small caliber vessels. This review describes treatment of these lesions with the paclitaxel-eluting 2.25 mm TAXUS(®) Liberté(®) Atom™ stent. Given the same stent composition, polymer, antirestenotic drug (paclitaxel), and release kinetics as the first-generation 2.25 mm TAXUS(®) Express(®) Atom™ stent, the second-generation TAXUS Liberté Atom stent incorporates improved stent design characteristics, including thinner struts (0.0038 versus 0.0052 inches), intended to increase conformability and deliverability. In a porcine noninjured coronary artery model, TAXUS Liberté Atom stent implantation in small vessels demonstrated complete strut tissue coverage compared with the bare metal stent control, suggesting a similar degree of tissue healing between the groups at 30, 90, and 180 days. The prospective, single-armed TAXUS ATLAS Small Vessel trial demonstrated improved instent late loss (0.28 ± 0.45 versus 0.84 ± 0.57 mm, P < 0.001), instent binary restenosis (13.0% versus 38.1%, P < 0.001), and target lesion revascularization (5.8% versus 17.6%, P < 0.001) at nine months with the TAXUS Liberté Atom stent as compared with the bare metal Express stent control, with similar safety measures between the two groups. The TAXUS Liberté Atom also significantly reduced nine-month angiographic rates of both instent late loss (0.28 ± 0.45 versus 0.44 ± 0.61 mm, P = 0.03) and instent binary restenosis (13.0% versus 25.9%, P = 0.02) when compared with the 2.25 mm TAXUS Express Atom control. The observed reduction in target lesion revascularization with the TAXUS Liberté Atom compared with the TAXUS Express Atom at nine months (5.8% versus 13.7%, P = 0.02) was sustained through three years (10.0% versus 22.1%, P = 0.008) with similar, stable safety outcomes between the groups. In conclusion, these data confirm the safety and favorable performance of the TAXUS Liberté Atom stent in the treatment of small coronary vessels.
Conditional knockout of heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor in the liver accelerates carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver injury in mice (2012)

This study showed that HB-EGF plays a protective role during acute liver injury.
Standoff Bearing Fault Detection Using Directional Microphones and Unsupervised Neural Networks (1997)

A fault detection method is introduced that uses standoff directional microphones to minimize the number of sensors and an unsupervised neural network to cope with noise and fault signature variability in the microphone signals. In this method, a directional microphone located up to 25 feet is used to sense acoustic signals from a test bearing. These signals are then processed to extract features representing the bearing condition and are used as inputs to an unsupervised fault detection network (FDN) to identify the presence of faults. The main advantage of the FDN is that it does not require seeded-fault data for supervised training of its weights. The proposed fault detection method is tested using microphone data from a bearing with an inner race defect. The results indicate that the FDN provided a 100% detection rate for all microphone locations.
A PAC-Bayesian Margin Bound for Linear Classifiers: Why SVMs work (2000)

We present a bound on the generalisation error of linear classifiers in terms of a refined margin quantity on the training set. The result is obtained in a PAC- Bayesian framework and is based on geometrical arguments in the space of linear classifiers. The new bound constitutes an exponential improvement of the so far tightest margin bound by Shawe-Taylor et al. [8] and scales logarithmically in the inverse margin. Even in the case of less training examples than input dimensions sufficiently large margins lead to non-trivial bound values and- for maximum margins- to a vanishing com-plexity term. Furthermore, the classical margin is too coarse a measure for the essential quantity that controls the generalisation error: the volume ratio between the whole hypothesis space and the subset of consistent hypotheses. The practical relevance of the result lies in the fact that the well-known support vector machine is optimal w.r.t. the new bound only if the feature vectors are all of the same length. As a consequence we recommend to use SVMs on normalised feature vectors only- a recommendation that is well supported by our numerical experiments on two benchmark data sets. 1
Robust and Efficient Receiver-side Compensation Method for Intra-channel Nonlinear Effects (2014)

We propose a decision-aided intra-channel nonlinear equalizer based on a perturbation method, which offers one-stage compensation and symbol rate operation. It tolerates errors in decision-aided data and shows fine performance in 128Gbit/s DP-QPSK transmission experiment.
Supplemental video 2 from ITPR1 Protects Renal Cancer Cells against Natural Killer Cells by Inducing Autophagy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental video 2. 786-0 cells described in Figure 3B were recorded by time-lapse video microscopy&lt;/p&gt;
Feasibility of Remote Speech Analysis in Evaluation of Dynamic Fluid Overload in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis Treatment (2021)

The fluid-controlled haemodialysis model demonstrated the ability of the app algorithm to identify cyclic changes in SMs, which reflected bodily fluid levels. The voice analysis platform bears considerable potential as a harbinger of impending fluid overload in a range of clinical scenarios, which will enhance monitoring and triage efforts, ultimately optimizing remote CHF management.
A One Pot Synthesis of 1-Substituted-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-8-nitroimidazo [1,2-

a

] [1,2,6] thiadiazine-7 (1

H

) one-5,5-dioxides (1989)

Abstract Reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate with nitroketene aminals of imidazolidines afforded acyclic intermediates which on treatment with diisopropylamine were smoothly transformed into the corresponding 1-substituted-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-8-nitroimidazo [1,2-a] [1,2,6] thiadiazine-7 (1H) one-5, 5-dioxides.
CD206-Targeted Liposomal Myelin Basic Protein Peptides in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Resistant to First-Line Disease-Modifying Therapies: A First-in-Human, Proof-of-Concept Dose-Escalation Study (2016)

Previously, we showed that CD206-targeted liposomal delivery of co-encapsulated immunodominant myelin basic protein (MBP) sequences MBP<sub>46-62</sub>, MBP<sub>124-139</sub> and MBP<sub>147-170</sub> (Xemys) suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in dark Agouti rats. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of Xemys in the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and secondary progressive MS, who failed to achieve a sustained response to first-line disease-modifying therapies. In this phase I, open-label, dose-escalating, proof-of-concept study, 20 patients with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS received weekly subcutaneously injections with ascending doses of Xemys up to a total dose of 2.675 mg. Clinical examinations, including Expanded Disability Status Scale score, magnetic resonance imaging results, and serum cytokine concentrations, were assessed before the first injection and for up to 17 weeks after the final injection. Xemys was safe and well tolerated when administered for 6 weeks to a maximum single dose of 900 μg. Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and numbers of T2-weighted and new gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were statistically unchanged at study exit compared with baseline; nonetheless, the increase of number of active gadolinium-enhancing lesions on weeks 7 and 10 in comparison with baseline was statistically significant. During treatment, the serum concentrations of the cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and interleukin-7 decreased, whereas the level of tumor necrosis factor-α increased. These results provide evidence for the further development of Xemys as an antigen-specific, disease-modifying therapy for patients with MS.
SCUBA: the self-contained unified bass augmenter (2005)

The Self-Contained Unified Bass Augmenter (SCUBA) is a new augmentative OSC (Open Sound Control) [5] controller for the tuba. SCUBA adds new expressive possibilities to the existing tuba interface through onboard sensors. These sensors provide continuous and discrete user-controlled parametric data to be mapped at will to signal processing parameters, virtual instrument control parameters, sound playback, and various other functions. In its current manifestation, control data is mapped to change the processing of the instrument's natural sound in Pd (Pure Data) [3]. SCUBA preserves the unity of the solo instrument interface by acoustically mixing direct and processed sound in the instrument's bell via mounted satellite speakers, which are driven by a subwoofer below the performer's chair. The end result augments the existing interface while preserving its original unity and functionality.
High-fidelity quantum gates in the presence of dispersion (2012)

We numerically demonstrate the control of motional degrees of freedom of an ensemble of neutral atoms in an optical lattice with a shallow trapping potential. Taking into account the range of quasimomenta across different Brillouin zones results in an ensemble whose members effectively have inhomogeneous control fields as well as spectrally distinct control Hamiltonians. We present an ensemble-averaged optimal control technique that yields high-fidelity control pulses, irrespective of quasimomentum, with average fidelities above 98$%$. The resulting controls show a broadband spectrum with gate times in the order of several free oscillations to optimize gates with up to 13.2$%$ dispersion in the energies from the band structure. This can be seen as a model system for the prospects of robust quantum control. This result explores the limits of discretizing a continuous ensemble for control theory.
Parametric analysis of the coating thickness development of electrophoretically deposited carbon nanotube coatings (2023)

In this study, the coating thickness evolution of pristine and oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNT) on stainless steel substrates is investigated. Potentiostatic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is used as a coating technique with two different additives, triethylamine (TEA) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg-Nit). Moreover, the depositions are conducted at different voltages (50, 100 and 150 V). Confocal laser scanning microscopy is used to determine the thickness of the CNT depositions after 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min. Furthermore, the ability of Hamaker's law to accurately predict coating thickness development is investigated for the thickness evolution on stainless steel. Independent of the additive, the results show that higher voltages lead to increased deposition rates. Comparing the two additives, Mg-Nit generally allows for a higher CNT deposition rate than TEA and forms thicker layers. Coating thickness development can be approximated as linear during the initial 5 min with Mg-Nit and during the initial 20 min with TEA. Finally, Hamaker's law allows for a fairly accurate approximation for the thickness development of CNT coatings with TEA on stainless steel.