gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Planar Biaxial Mechanical Testing That Includes In-Plane Shear (1999)

A limitation in virtually all planar biaxial studies of soft tissues has been the inability to include the effects of in-plane shear. This is due to the inability of current mechanical testing devices to induce a state of in-plane shear, due to the added cost and complexity. In the current study, a straightforward method is presented for planar biaxial testing that induces a combined state of in-plane shear and normal strains. The method relies on rotation of the test specimen's material axes with respect to the device axes and on rotating carriages to allow the specimen to undergo in-plane shear freely. To demonstrate the method, five glutaraldehyde treated bovine pericardium specimens were prepared with their preferred fiber directions (defining the material axes) oriented at 45 deg to the device axes to induce a maximum shear state. The test protocol included a wide range of biaxial strain states, and the resulting biaxial data re-expressed in material axes coordinate system. The resulting biaxial data was then fit to the following strain energy function W: [equation: see text] where E'ij is the Green's strain tensor in the material axes coordinate system and c and Ai are constants. While W was able to fit the data very well, the constants A5 and A6 were found not to contribute significantly to the fit and were considered unnecessary to model the shear strain response. In conclusion, while not able to control the amount of shear strain independently or induce a state of pure shear, the method presented readily produces a state of simultaneous in-plane shear and normal strains. Further, the method is very general and can be applied to any anisotropic planar tissue that has identifiable material axes.
All Bits ax+b mod p are Hard (Extended Abstract) (1996)

In this paper we show that for any one-way function f , being able to determine any single bit in ax +b mod p for a random W(jxj)-bit prime p and random a; b with probability only slightly better than 50% is equivalent to inverting f (x).
An Energy Management Controller to Optimally Trade Off Fuel Economy and Drivability for Hybrid Vehicles (2011)

Hybrid vehicle fuel economy performance is highly sensitive to the energy management strategy used to regulate power flow among the various energy sources and sinks. Optimal non-causal solutions are easy to determine if the drive cycle is known a priori. It is very challenging to design causal controllers that yield good fuel economy for a range of possible driver behavior. Additional challenges come in the form of constraints on powertrain activity, such as shifting and starting the engine, which are commonly called “drivability” metrics and can adversely affect fuel economy. In this paper, drivability restrictions are included in a shortest path stochastic dynamic programming (SP-SDP) formulation of the real-time energy management problem for a prototype vehicle, where the drive cycle is modeled as a stationary, finite-state Markov chain. When the SP-SDP controllers are evaluated with a high-fidelity vehicle simulator over standard government drive cycles, and compared to a baseline industrial controller, they are shown to improve fuel economy more than 11% for equivalent levels of drivability. In addition, the explicit tradeoff between fuel economy and drivability is quantified for the SP-SDP controllers.
Multimodal electrochemical sensing of transcription factor–operator complexes (2014)

Interactions of proteins with nucleic acids arise at all levels of cellular function, from chromosomal packing to biological regulation. These interactions can be analyzed in a high-throughput fashion by immobilizing the DNA sequences of interest, possibly numbering in the thousands, at discrete locations on a solid support and identifying those sequences that a protein analyte binds. Ideally, such surface assays would use unlabeled analyte to simplify protocols and avoid the possibility of perturbing the protein/DNA interaction. The present study compares three electrochemical modalities for simultaneously detecting binding of unlabeled transcription factor proteins to immobilized DNA duplexes based on (i) changes in the duplex diffusive motions, (ii) variations in the surface potential, and (iii) variations in the interfacial charging impedance, all of which can be conveniently derived from AC voltammetry traces. Cro protein from bacteriophage lambda is used as a model transcription factor. Specific binding of protein was successfully detected through modalities (i) and (ii), but not (iii). The effectiveness of these techniques is compared as a function of sampling frequency and protein concentration. Binding of 15 kDa Cro slowed down rotational diffusion of immobilized duplexes approximately 3-fold, and induced up to 5 mV changes in the surface potential. Moreover, by assessing Cro binding to bacteriophage operators of variable affinity, the study illustrates how contrast between specific and nonspecific interactions impacts detection.
Hydration and glycogen affect T1 relaxation times of liver tissue (2021)

T<sub>1</sub> mapping is a useful tool for the assessment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but still suffers from a large unexplained variance in healthy subjects. This study aims to characterize the potential effects of liver glycogen concentration and body hydration status on liver shortened modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (shMOLLI) T<sub>1</sub> measurements. Eleven glycogen phantoms and 12 healthy volunteers (mean age: 31 years, three females) were scanned at 3 T using inversion recovery spin echo, multiple contrast spin echo (in phantoms), shMOLLI T<sub>1</sub> mapping, multiple-echo spoiled gradient recalled echo and <sup>13</sup> C spectroscopy (in healthy volunteers). Phantom r<sub>1</sub> and r<sub>2</sub> relaxivities were determined from measured T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> values. Participants underwent a series of five metabolic experiments to vary their glycogen concentration and hydration levels: feeding, food fasting, exercising, underhydration, and rehydration. Descriptive statistics were calculated for shMOLLI T<sub>1</sub> , inferior vena cava to aorta cross-sectional area ratio (IVC/Ao) as a marker of body hydration status, glycogen concentration, T<sub>2</sub> * and proton density fat fraction values. A linear mixed model for shMOLLI R<sub>1</sub> was constructed to determine the effects of glycogen concentration and IVC/Ao ratio. The mean shMOLLI T<sub>1</sub> after fasting was 737 ± 67 ms. The mean within-subject change was 80 ± 45 ms. The linear mixed model revealed a glycogen r<sub>1</sub> relaxivity in volunteers (0.18 M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> , p = 0.03) close to that determined in phantoms (0.28 M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ). A unit change in IVC/Ao ratio was associated with a drop of -0.113 s<sup>-1</sup> in R<sub>1</sub> (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated a dependence of liver shMOLLI T<sub>1</sub> values on liver glycogen concentration and overall body hydration status. Interparticipant variation of hydration status should be minimized in future liver MRI studies. Additionally, caution is advised when interpreting liver T1 measurements in participants with excess liver glycogen.
Low Catalyst Loading in the Cross Metathesis of Olefins with Methyl Vinyl Ketone (2013)

An olefin-metathesis catalyst featuring a 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene N-heterocyclic carbene and an ester-chelating carbene ligand efficiently promoted the cross metathesis of olefins with 3-buten-2-one in the presence of copper iodide as cocatalyst. At optimized reaction conditions a 10–20 times lower catalyst loading compared to the state of the art could be achieved.
Comparison of PbI2 and HgI2 for direct detection active matrix x-ray image sensors (2002)

The factors determining the x-ray sensitivity of HgI2 and PbI2 as direct detector materials for large area matrix addressed x-ray image sensors are described, along with a model to explain their different properties. The imaging studies are made on test arrays with 512×512 pixels of size 100 μm. The x-ray sensitivity and spatial resolution are reported, along with measurements of the various mechanisms that influence the sensitivity, such as charge collection, x-ray absorption, fill factor, and image lag. The spatial resolution of PbI2 decreases with increasing film thickness, but this effect is not observed in HgI2. The x-ray response data are used to compare the sensitivity to the theoretical values for the ionization energy and to identify the various loss mechanisms. We find that the sensitivity of HgI2 can be explained by a few small and well characterized loss factors. This material exhibits good spatial resolution, high fill factor, and high charge collection. PbI2 films exhibit lower sensitivity, principally attributable to a very large image lag. We propose that the x-ray response of the two materials is distinguished by their different depletion layer properties, and present a model that accounts for the sensitivity, image lag, and spatial resolution of PbI2.
Supplemental figure legends from Preclinical Characterization of BET Family Bromodomain Inhibitor ABBV-075 Suggests Combination Therapeutic Strategies (2023)

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Study of Small-Size Stacked Fabry-Perot Cavities for Focal Array Applications (2009)

International audience
Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates (2021)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are present in many waters, have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have shown excellent PFAS separation performance in water treatment; however, these membrane systems do not destroy PFAS but produce concentrated residual streams that need to be managed. Complete destruction of PFAS in RO and NF concentrate streams is ideal, but long-term sequestration strategies are also employed. Because no single technology is adequate for all situations, a range of processes are reviewed here that hold promise as components of treatment schemes for PFAS-laden membrane system concentrates. Attention is also given to relevant concentration processes because it is beneficial to reduce concentrate volume prior to PFAS destruction or sequestration. Given the costs and challenges of managing PFAS in membrane concentrates, it is critical to evaluate both established and emerging technologies in selecting processes for immediate use and continued research.
Upcycled Synthesis and Extraction of Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Carbide Nanoparticles for Gap Plasmon Applications in Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

An effective method for obtaining large amounts of metal nanoparticles encapsulated by carbon layers through upcycling from floating-catalyst aerosol chemical vapor deposited carbon nanotubes is demonstrated. Nanoparticles with diameters of less than 20 µm are selectively extracted from the synthesized carbon assortments through sonication, centrifugation, and filtration. The particles show an aggregation behavior owing to the π–π interaction between the graphitic carbon shells surrounding the iron carbides. By controlling the degree of the aggregation and arrangement, the light scattering by the gap-surface plasmon effect in perovskite solar cells is maximized. Application of the nanoparticles to the devices increased the power conversion efficiency from 19.71% to 21.15%. The short-circuit current density (JSC) trend over the particle aggregation time accounts for the plasmonic effect. The devices show high stability analogue to the control devices, confirming that no metal-ion migration took place thanks to the encapsulation.
Fusion of TOF and TDOA for 3GPP positioning (2016)

Positioning in cellular networks is often based on mobile-assisted measurements of serving and neighboring base stations. Traditionally, positioning is considered to be enabled when the mobile provides measurements of three different base stations. In this paper, we additionally investigate positioning based on time series of Time Of Flight (TOF) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurements gathered from two base stations with known positions, where the specific base stations involved depend on the trajectory of the mobile station.. The set of two base stations is different along the trajectory. Each report contains TOF for the serving base station, and one TDOA measurement for the most favorable neighboring base station relative the serving base station. We derive explicit analytical solution related to the intersection of the absolute distance circle (from TOF) and relative distance hyperbola (from TDOA). We consider both geometric noise-free problem and the more realistic problem with additive noise as delivered in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE). Positioning performance is evaluated using the Cramer-Rao lower bound.
The utility of side‐chain cyclization in determining the receptor‐bound conformation of peptides: Cyclic tripeptides and angiotensin II (1992)

The effect of side-chain cyclization on accessible backbone conformations of tripeptides, X-Ala-Y (X and/or Y = Cys, Hcy (Hcy: homocysteine), cis 4-mercaptoproline (MPc), and trans 4-mercaptoproline (MPt)), was elucidated using two variants of systematic conformational search. In addition to cyclization through a disulfide bond, the thioether (-S-CH2-) and amide (-CO-NH-) side-chain analogues of Cys-Ala-Cys and Hcy-Ala-Hcy were evaluated. The number of valid backbone conformations and the allowed phi, psi space were evaluated for each compound, and the ability of the cyclic tripeptides to accommodate beta-turn conformations was examined in order to assess the value of cyclization in limiting conformational freedom. Based on the number of conformations, cyclization was highly effective in reducing the backbone degree of freedom: in order of decreasing number of conformations, Ala-Ala-Ala 1 >> Hcy-Ala-Hcy 2 >> Cys-Ala-Hcy 3 approximately equal to Hcy-Ala-Cys 4 >> MPc-Ala-Hcy 5, 7 > Cys-Ala-Cys 6 > MPc-Ala-Cys 8 > Hcy-Ala-MPt 9 > Cys-Ala-MPt 10 approximately equal to MPc-Ala-MPt 11. Although Hcy-Ala-Hcy 2 had the greatest number of conformations of the cyclic peptides studied, it was still greatly constrained relative to its linear analogue 1. The bicyclic ring system introduced by MP was even more effective in constraining the cycle, having greater impact at position 3 than at position 1. Under the conditions of the study, cyclization of MP-containing analogues could be effected only with the cis isomer (MPc) at position 1 and/or the trans isomer (MPt) at position 3. Sterically allowed conformations of Ala2 for the cyclic tripeptides 2-4 were generally similar to those of the linear tripeptide 1, while those of Cys-Ala-Cys 6 and MPc-Ala-Hcy 7 were restricted to a smaller region of phi 2, psi 2 space: the right- and left-handed alpha-helical conformation and the beta-conformation. This trend was even more pronounced for Hcy-Ala-MPt 9, Cys-Ala-MPt 10, and MPc-Ala-MPt 11, in which Ala2 was severely restricted to a very small region of phi, psi space: the left-handed alpha-helical conformation for 9-11, plus the beta conformation for 9. This suggests that MP at the 3-position is incompatible with a right-handed alpha-helical conformation at position 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ultra-small gold nanoclusters assembled on plasma polymer-modified zeolites: a multifunctional nanohybrid with anti-haemorrhagic and anti-inflammatory properties (2021)

Hemostatic agents are pivotal for managing clinical and traumatic bleeding during emergency and domestic circumstances. Herein, a novel functional hybrid nanocomposite material consisting of plasma polymer-modified zeolite 13X and ultra-small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) was fabricated as an efficient hemostatic agent. The surface of zeolite 13X was functionalised with amine groups which served as binding sites for carboxylate terminated AuNCs. Protein corona studies revealed the enhanced adsorption of two proteins, namely, coagulation factors and plasminogen as a result of AuNCs immobilization on the zeolite surface. The immune response studies showed that the hybrid nanocomposites are effective in reducing inflammation, which combined with a greater attachment of vitronectin, may promote wound healing. The hemostatic potential of the nanocomposite could be directly correlated with their immunomodulatory and anti-haemorrhagic properties. Together, the hybrid nanoengineered material developed in this work could provide a new avenue to tackle life-threatening injuries in civilian and other emergencies.
Fiber Bragg Grating Balanced DPSK Demodulation (2006)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the utilization of a uniform-FBG for balanced DPSK demodulation. The reflection (transmission) is utilized as a bandpass (notch) frequency-discriminator. An approximate 2.8 dB performance increase is achieved in the balanced configuration
Extracellular succinate hyperpolarizes M2 macrophages through SUCNR1/GPR91-mediated Gq signaling (2021)

Succinate functions both as a classical TCA cycle metabolite and an extracellular metabolic stress signal sensed by the mainly Gi-coupled succinate receptor SUCNR1. In the present study, we characterize and compare effects and signaling pathways activated by succinate and both classes of non-metabolite SUCNR1 agonists. By use of specific receptor and pathway inhibitors, rescue in G-protein-depleted cells and monitoring of receptor G protein activation by BRET, we identify Gq rather than Gi signaling to be responsible for SUCNR1-mediated effects on basic transcriptional regulation. Importantly, in primary human M2 macrophages, in which SUCNR1 is highly expressed, we demonstrate that physiological concentrations of extracellular succinate act through SUCNR1-activated Gq signaling to efficiently regulate transcription of immune function genes in a manner that hyperpolarizes their M2 versus M1 phenotype. Thus, sensing of stress-induced extracellular succinate by SUCNR1 is an important transcriptional regulator in human M2 macrophages through Gq signaling.
Optimal continuous finite preview problem (1975)

This short paper deals with the preview problem, in which a controller can use future information as well as present and past information in deciding the control. The problem of following command signals is considered for the continuous time system. It is assumed that the controller can make use of the finite preview information with respect to command signal from the present time <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</tex> up to t <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">la</inf> time units in the future. t <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">la</inf> is called the preview length and usually <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t_{la} &lt; T</tex> , the duration of the problem, which distinguishes the present problem from the optimal tracking problem. It is shown how to utilize the local future information obtained by finite preview to minimize an optimality criterion evaluated over the problem duration. An example is given to show advantages of making use of future information and the existence of an effective preview length.
Novel Nonlinear Laser Diagnostic Techniques (1992)

Research on novel laser-based diagnostic techniques was performed in two areas: (1) extension of laser-based diagnostics to shorter wavelengths for two-photon detection of atomic ions and for other detection techniques requiring high powers in the vuv and (2) investigation of the feasibility of quantitative concentration.temperature, andl velocity measurements using twophoton-excited amplified spontaneous emission of atomic oxygen and hydrogen.For the first task, the two-photon-resonant difference-frequency mixing process was extended to higher powers and shorter wavelengths.Up to 20 pLJ at 133 nm was obtained.This radiation was used to perform multiphoton spectroscopy at shorter wavelengths in die vuv, including two-photonexcited fluorescence in neon at 133 nm.On the second task, lase-induced fluorescence measurements of atomnic hydrogen in a variety of low-pressure flames were compared with simultaneous ASE observations.The band width of H atom ASE at 1200 and 1800 K was measured.Simultaneous 0 atom ASE and LIP in an 142102 low-pressure flam have been demonstrated, and a model to calculate the intensity variation for laser gain measurements on a diode probe laser for atomic oxygen was assembled.14.
Individual differences in gaze patterns for web search (2010)

We investigate how people interact with Web search engine result pages using eye-tracking, to provide a detailed understanding of the patterns of user attention. Previous research has examined the visual attention devoted to the 10 organic search results, and we extend this by also examining how gaze is distributed across other components of contemporary search engines, such as ads and related searches. This provides insights about searcher's interactions with the whole page, and not just individual components. In addition, we used clustering techniques to identify groups of individuals, with distinct gaze patterns. The groups varied in how exhaustively they examined the search results and in what regions of the search result page they paid most attention to (organic results vs. ads). These results further our understanding of how attention is distributed across increasingly complex search result pages, and how individuals exhibit distinct patterns of attention and interaction.
3D MURALE (2001)

This paper introduces the 3D Measurement and Virtual Reconstruction of Ancient Lost Worlds of Europe system (3D MURALE). It consists of a set of tools for recording, reconstructing, encoding, visualising and database searching/querying that operate on buildings, building parts, statues, statue parts, pottery, stratigraphy, terrain geometry and texture and material texture. The tools are loosely linked together by a common database on which they all have the facility to store and access data. The paper describes the overall architecture of the 3D MURALE system and then briefly describes the functionality of the tools provided by the project. The paper compares the multimedia studio architecture adopted in this project with other multimedia studio architectures.
Towards a comprehensive and interoperable representation of consent-based data usage permissions in the German medical informatics initiative (2020)

The proposed digital representation is (1) generic enough to capture relevant information from a wide range of consent documents and data use regulations and (2) interoperable with common technical standards. We plan to extend our model to include more fine-grained status codes and rules for automated access control.