gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccinia Virus Virulence Factor N1L is a Novel Promising Target for Antiviral Therapeutic Intervention (2010)

The 14 kDa homodimeric N1L protein is a potent vaccinia and variola (smallpox) virulence factor. It is not essential for viral replication, but it causes a strong attenuation of viral production in culture when deleted. The N1L protein is predicted to contain the BH3-like binding domain characteristic of Bcl-2 family proteins, and it is able to bind the BH3 peptides. Its overexpression has been reported to prevent infected cells from committing apoptosis. Therefore, interfering with the N1L apoptotic blockade may be a legitimate therapeutic strategy affecting the viral growth. By using in silico ligand docking and an array of in vitro assays, we have identified submicromolar (600 nM) N1L antagonists belonging to the family of polyphenols. Their affinity is comparable to that of the BH3 peptides (70-1000 nM). We have also identified the natural polyphenol resveratrol as a moderate N1L inhibitor. Finally, we show that our ligands efficiently inhibit growth of vaccinia virus.
Beginnings (2008)

Abstract The first part of the book provides a conceptual map of theories of vagueness. At the centre of the map is the classical view of vagueness, according to which the semantics of vague language is exactly the same as the semantics of precise language. This view applies the standard model theory for precise mathematical language to vague language. The key elements of this classical model theory then give the axes of the space of possible theories of vagueness. This chapter deals with preliminaries. Section 1.1 introduces some basic formal tools. Section 1.2 presents the classical semantic picture which will be located at the origin of the map.
A New Method for Cartilage Evaluation in Femoroacetabular Impingement Using Quantitative T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Preliminary Validation against Arthroscopic Findings (2019)

This preliminary study confirms the importance of normalizing T2 values to account for interpatient variability and suggests that the T2-index is a promising biomarker for the detection of cartilage lesions in FAI. Future work is needed to confirm that combining T2-index with morphologic MRI and other quantitative biomarkers could improve cartilage assessment in FAI.
Differential expression of RECK and matrix metalloproteinases observed between African American and Caucasian metastatic breast cancer cell lines (2005)

2978 Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF), an inflammatory bioactive lipid, acts as a mediator of vascularization for tumor growth and metastasis. Invasion of the extracellular matrix by tumor cells requires the activation of the matrix degrading metalloproteinases by intracellular proprotein convertases (PCs) or other metalloproteinases. Furin, a member of the family of subtilisin/kexin-like PCs, is responsible for the activation of precursor pro-proteins to become biologically active. We used the human androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line PC-3 as a model system. PAF-induced invasion and migration of PC-3 cells is antagonized upon inhibition of the proprotein convertase furin with its small molecule inhibitor D6R. PAF exposure does not affect the constitutively expressed membrane-bound furin level in PC-3 cells. Furin inhibition has no affect on the expression of PAF-induced TIMP2; however, PAF-stimulated activation of MT1-MMP is antagonized at all time points upon inhibition of furin with D6R. The coordinated PAF-induced expression and activation of TIMP2 and MT1-MMP results in the proteolytic activation of MMP2 in the culture medium, which is attenuated upon inhibition of furin. Our data demonstrate for the first time that PAF-dependent expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in the increased invasion and migration is regulated by furin in human prostatic carcinoma cells.
On the mechanism of action of bovine intestinal mucosa 5′‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase (1987)

The diastereoisomers of adenosine 5'-O-phosphorothioate O-methyl ester have been synthesised. Only the Sp diastereoisomer is a substrate for the 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine intestinal mucosa. The previously unidentified enantiomer of 4-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphonothioate hydrolysed by the enzyme is shown to have the Sp configuration. Digestion of the Sp diastereoisomer of adenosine 5'-O-phosphorothioate O-methyl ester by the enzyme in 18O-labelled water gave 18O-labelled adenosine 5'-O-phosphorothioate which was stereochemically analysed by methylation and subsequent 31P-NMR spectroscopy and shown to possess the Sp configuration. Thus the enzyme-catalysed cleavage proceeded with retention of configuration at phosphorus, presumably via a double-displacement mechanism. This provides strong evidence for the existence of a nucleotidyl-enzyme intermediate on the reaction pathway.
Optical response of amorphous Ge photoconductive switches with YBCO transmission lines (2003)

Amorphous germanium (a-Ge) photoconductive switches coupled with YBCO transmission lines are fabricated on MgO (100) substrates. The optical responses of the photoconductive switches at lower temperatures are examined using the terahertz beam generation technique. The results have revealed that the a-Ge photoconductive switch can stably work at low temperatures and operation frequencies around 100 GHz. We also discuss the effects of YBCO transmission lines and the deterioration of the interface between a-Ge and YBCO.
Methods, systems and apparatus for overmodulation of a five-phase machine (2023)

Methods, system and apparatus are provided for overmodulation of a five-phase machine in a vector controlled motor drive system that includes a five-phase PWM controlled inverter module that drives the five-phase machine. Techniques for overmodulating a reference voltage vector are provided to optimize voltage command signals that control a five-phase inverter module to increase output voltages generated by the five-phase inverter module.
Synthesis of 3β-(4-[125I]iodophenyl)tropane-2-β-pyrrolidine carboxamide ([125I]RTI-229) (1999)

A WIN 35,065-2 analog, 3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane-2β-pyrrolidine carboxamide (RTI-229), has been radiolabelled with iodine-125 by radioiododestannylation of the corresponding trimethyltin derivative using carrier-free sodium iodide-125 as the isotope source. Purification by reversed-phase HPLC gives [125I]RTI-229 in good yield (89·4%) with high radiochemical purity (>99%) and high specific activity (2125 mCi/μmol, 78·6 GBq/μmol, based on the specific activity of the Na125I used). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine Tuning of Solid-State Properties of Septithiophenes by Tailoring the Substituents (2010)

A series of five α,ω-substituted septithiophenes, which differ in the geometry of the peripheral branched alkyl substitutents, is presented. The position of the branching point has a substantial effect on the solubility and melting points of the oligomers. In contrast, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that have been prepared from those materials via vapor deposition show all mobilities in the same range (0.18−0.018 cm2 V−1 s−1). The relative unsusceptibility of the mobilities on the molecular structure is attributed to the fact that all septithiophenes form smectic-like structures at room temperature under solid-state conditions, as revealed by temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, four of the five oligomers exhibit thermotropic liquid crystalline smectic C phases. Strong interactions between the thiophene cores are assumed as driving forces for those structural features. Thus, tailoring the peripheral substituents makes it possible to fine-tune the thermal and solubility properties and, to a certain extent, the ordering under solid-state conditions. The ordering and the electrical properties are mainly dominated by the length of the core of the oligothiophenes.
Pyridinium Hydrobromide Perbromide:  A Versatile Catalyst for Aziridination of Olefins Using Chloramine-T (1999)

[reaction: see text] Pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (Py x HBr3) catalyzes effectively the aziridination of electron-deficient as well as electron-rich olefins using Chloramine-T (N-chloro-N-sodio-p-toluenesulfonamide) as a nitrogen source to afford the corresponding aziridines in moderate to good yields.
Interaktion von Hepatitis C Virus mit p53 Familie-induzierten Apoptosesignalwegen (2010)

Einleitung: Die chronische Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infektion stellt eine Hauptursache für die Entwicklung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) dar. Wir konnten bisher zeigen, dass die p53/p63/p73 Familie eine zentrale Rolle in Entwicklung, Therapieansprechen und Prognose des HCC spielt und dass die Hochregulation antiapoptotischer (dominant-negativer, transkriptionell inaktiver) Formen der p53 Familie (DNp73) beim HCC mit vermindertem Überleben korreliert.
ECO-DESIGN OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERTERS: THE CASE OF THE THREE-PHASE SQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MACHINE (2008)

International audience
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum-rich byproduct of flue gas desulfurization: A prefeasibility cost estimate (1996)

Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough estimated cost of ammonium sulfate from the proposed process ($111/ton), by 25 percent, if granular size ammonium sulfate crystals of 1.2 to 3.3 millimeters in diameters can be produced by the proposed process. However, there was at least {+-}30% margin in the cost estimate calculations. The additional costs for compaction, if needed to create granules of the required size, would make the process uneconomical unless considerable efficiency gains are achieved to balance the additional costs. This study suggests the need both to refine the crystallization process and to find potential markets for the calcium carbonate produced by the process.
CT angiography-guided single-stage release of adjacent webspaces in non-Apert syndactyly (2014)

IV.
The ‘aromatic patch’ of three proximal residues in the human acetylcholinesterase active centre allows for versatile interaction modes with inhibitors (1998)

The role of the functional architecture of the human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) active centre in accommodating the non-covalent inhibitors tacrine and huperzine A, or the carbamates pyridostigmine and physostigmine, was analysed using 16 mutants of residues lining the active-centre gorge. Despite the structural diversity of the ligands, certain common properties of the complexes could be observed: (a) replacement of aromatic residues Tyr133, Tyr337 and especially Trp86, resulted in pronounced changes in stability of all the complexes examined; (b) effects due to replacements of the five other aromatic residues along the active-centre gorge, such as the acyl pocket (Phe295, Phe297) or at the peripheral anionic site (Tyr124, Trp286, Tyr341) were relatively small; (c) effects due to substitution of the carboxylic residues in the gorge (Glu202, Glu450) were moderate. These results and molecular modelling indicate that the aromatic side chains of residues Trp86, Tyr133 and Tyr337 form together a continuous 'aromatic patch' lining the wall of the active-centre gorge, allowing for the accommodation of the different ligands via multiple modes of interaction. Studies with HuAChE mutants carrying replacements at positions 86, 133 and 337 indicate that the orientations of huperzine A and tacrine in the HuAChE complexes in solution are significantly different from those observed in X-ray structures of the corresponding complexes with Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE). These discrepancies may be explained in terms of structural differences between the complexes of HuAChE and TcAChE or, more likely, by the enhanced flexibility of the AChE active-centre gorge in solution as compared with the crystalline state.
Use of devolved controllers in data center networks (2011)

In a data center network, for example, it is quite often to use controllers to manage resources in a centralized manner. Centralized control, however, imposes a scalability problem. In this paper, we investigate the use of multiple independent controllers instead of a single omniscient controller to manage resources. Each controller looks after a portion of the network only, but they together cover the whole network. This therefore solves the scalability problem. We use flow allocation as an example to see how this approach can manage the bandwidth use in a distributed manner. The focus is on how to assign components of a network to the controllers so that (1) each controller only need to look after a small part of the network but (2) there is at least one controller that can answer any request. We outline a way to configure the controllers to fulfill these requirements as a proof that the use of devolved controllers is possible. We also discuss several issues related to such implementation.
Brightness limitations in integrated lighting systems (2007)

In this paper, the foundations of radiometry and photometry, based on Second Principle of Thermodynamics are discussed, in terms of brightness (luminance), and etendue (Lagrange invariant) limitations of integrated lighting systems. In such a case, the brightness is defined as phase-space-density, and other radiometric/photometric quantities such as emittance, exitance, or irradiance/illuminance, power/flux, and radiant/luminant intensity, are also discussed, including examples of integrated lighting systems. Also, technologic progress at Luminit is reviewed, including 3D-microreplication of new non-diffuser microscopic structures by roll-to-roll web technology.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon pancreatic cancer treatment (CONTACT Study): a UK national observational cohort study (2023)

Pathways for patients with PDAC were significantly disrupted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with fewer patients receiving standard treatments. However, no significant impact on survival was discerned.
The Nucleocapsid Protein of Human Coronavirus NL63 (2015)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63 was first described in 2004 and is associated with respiratory tract disease of varying severity. At the genetic and structural level, HCoV-NL63 is similar to other members of the Coronavirinae subfamily, especially human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). Detailed analysis, however, reveals several unique features of the pathogen. The coronaviral nucleocapsid protein is abundantly present in infected cells. It is a multi-domain, multi-functional protein important for viral replication and a number of cellular processes. The aim of the present study was to characterize the HCoV-NL63 nucleocapsid protein. Biochemical analyses revealed that the protein shares characteristics with homologous proteins encoded in other coronaviral genomes, with the N-terminal domain responsible for nucleic acid binding and the C-terminal domain involved in protein oligomerization. Surprisingly, analysis of the subcellular localization of the N protein of HCoV-NL63 revealed that, differently than homologous proteins from other coronaviral species except for SARS-CoV, it is not present in the nucleus of infected or transfected cells. Furthermore, no significant alteration in cell cycle progression in cells expressing the protein was observed. This is in stark contrast with results obtained for other coronaviruses, except for the SARS-CoV.
Ultra low dose CT for attenuation correction in PET/CT (2008)

In this paper, we present an ultra low-dose CT acquisition and reconstruction technique that provides sufficient image quality for PET attenuation correction while keeping the CT dose to a minimum. With PET/CT, CT is used instead of radioactive transmission sources to acquire data for attenuation correction. While this results in higher radiation dose to the patient, the CT images are also viewed with the PET images and provide an anatomical reference to aid the physician in localizing tumors. We found that using low tube voltage and current results in severe shading and CT number shifts and causes artifacts and quantitative errors in PET images. By adding a simple low pass filter to CT reconstruction prior to the logarithmic step, shading and CT number shifts are reduced substantially. The resulting CT number accuracy and uniformity of the images with the proposed approach makes them acceptable for PET attenuation correction.
Provisional criteria for the diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy using home blood pressure measurements (2017)

Most guidelines for the management of hypertension define it as a home blood pressure (HBP) value >135/85 mm Hg. However, there is no reference HBP value to diagnose hypertension in pregnant women. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed HBP measurements of pregnant women to determine whether it is appropriate to use the criteria for non-pregnant subjects for pregnant women. The participants of this study were 100 singleton pregnant women who visited our hospital between September 2013 and September 2016. We lent sphygmomanometers to the patients so they could measure their BP at home twice daily, and we measured their clinical BP when they visited the hospital. Six patients developed hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, whereas there were 63 women without hypertension or other complications that may affect BP. In the normotensive pregnant women, HBP values significantly correlated with the clinical BP values. HBP values equivalent to a clinical BP of 140/90 mm Hg, determined using the standard major axis method, were 120.8/83.5 mm Hg, 126.0/85.2 mm Hg and 136.3/89.3 mm Hg in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. In normotensive pregnant women, HBP levels that indicate a risk of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy may be lower than 135/85 mm Hg before 28 weeks of gestation.
The DUX4 protein is a co‐repressor of the progesterone and glucocorticoid nuclear receptors (2022)

DUX4 is a transcription factor required during early embryonic development in placental mammals. In this work, we provide evidence that DUX4 is a co-repressor of nuclear receptors (NRs) of progesterone (PR) and glucocorticoids (GR). The DUX4 C-ter and N-ter regions, including the nuclear localization signals and homeodomain motifs, contribute to the co-repressor activity of DUX4 on PR and GR. Immunoprecipitation studies, using total protein extracts of cells expressing tagged versions of DUX4 and GR, support that these proteins are physically associated. Our studies suggest that DUX4 could modulate gene expression by co-regulating the activity of hormone NRs. This is the first report highlighting a potential endocrine role for DUX4.
Creation of a Total Hip Arthroplasty Patient-Specific Dislocation Risk Calculator (2022)

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
LRP1 Receptor Controls Adipogenesis and Is Up-Regulated In Human and Mouse Obese Adipose Tissue (2009)

The cell surface low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, LRP1, plays a major role in lipid metabolism. The question that remains open concerns the function of LRP1 in adipogenesis. Here, we show that LRP1 is highly expressed in murine preadipocytes as well as in primary culture of human adipocytes. Moreover, LRP1 remains abundantly synthesised during mouse and human adipocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that LRP1 silencing in 3T3F442A murine preadipocytes significantly inhibits the expression of PPARgamma, HSL and aP2 adipocyte differentiation markers after adipogenesis induction, and leads to lipid-depleted cells. We further show that the absence of lipids in LRP1-silenced preadipocytes is not caused by lipolysis induction. In addition, we provide the first evidences that LRP1 is significantly up-regulated in obese C57BI6/J mouse adipocytes and obese human adipose tissues. Interestingly, silencing of LRP1 in fully-differentiated adipocytes also reduces cellular lipid level and is associated with an increase of basal lipolysis. However, the ability of mature adipocytes to induce lipolysis is independent of LRP1 expression. Altogether, our findings highlight the dual role of LRP1 in the control of adipogenesis and lipid homeostasis, and suggest that LRP1 may be an important therapeutic target in obesity.
Cultivation and In Situ Detection of a Thermophilic Bacterium Capable of Oxidizing Propionate in Syntrophic Association with Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens in a Thermophilic Methanogenic Granular Sludge (2000)

The thermophilic, anaerobic, propionate-oxidizing bacterial populations present in the methanogenic granular sludge in a thermophilic (55 degrees C) upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor were studied by cultivation and in situ hybridization analysis. For isolation of propionate-degrading microbes, primary enrichment was made with propionate as the sole energy source at 55 degrees C. After several attempts to purify the microbes, a thermophilic, syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain SI, was isolated in both pure culture and coculture with Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Under thermophilic (55 degrees C) conditions, strain SI oxidized propionate, ethanol, and lactate in coculture with M. thermoautotrophicum. In pure culture, the isolate was found to ferment pyruvate. 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis revealed that the strain was relatively close to members of the genus Desulfotomaculum, but it was only distantly related to any known species. To elucidate the abundance and spatial distribution of organisms of the strain SI type within the sludge granules, a 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe specific for strain SI was developed and applied to thin sections of the granules. Fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that a number of rod-shaped cells were present in the middle and inner layers of the thermophilic granule sections and that they formed close associations with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. They accounted for approximately 1.1% of the total cells in the sludge. These results demonstrated that strain SI was one of the significant populations in the granular sludge and that it was responsible for propionate oxidation in the methanogenic granular sludge in the reactor.
Net Heat Flux Reduction and Overall Effectiveness for a Turbine Blade Leading Edge (2005)

The external cooling performance of a film cooled turbine airfoil can be quantified as a net reduction in heat transfer relative to the turbine airfoil without film cooling. This quantification is generally accomplished by using measurements of the adiabatic effectiveness and the change in heat transfer coefficients (hf/h0) for the film cooled surface to determine the net heat flux reduction (Δqr). Although measurement of Δqr for laboratory models give an indication of the ultimate film cooling performance, this does not show how much the surface temperature of the airfoil is reduced by film cooling. Measurement of scaled surface temperatures can be accomplished by using laboratory models constructed so that the Biot number is matched with that of the actual airfoil. These measurements provide a scaled temperature distribution on the airfoil that is referred to as the overall effectiveness, φ. For the current study, measurements of Δqr and φ have been made for a simulated turbine blade leading edge. The simulated leading edge incorporated shaped coolant holes, and had three rows of coolant holes. Improvements due to the shaped holes were determined by comparisons with previously measured round hole configurations. Spatially distributed hf/h0 show increases of 5% to 15% for M = 1.0 and 10% to 30% for M = 2.0. Results show that local variation in Δqr much greater than variation in φ, but laterally averaged Δqr distributions are reasonable predictors of the laterally averaged φ distributions.