gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Q cavities in multilayer photonic crystal slabs (2008)

We design multilayer photonic crystal cavities by depositing a polymer layer on top of a silicon photonic crystal slab. We demonstrate numerically that such cavities can have quality factors of Q~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> .
Novel characteristics identified in two cases of feline cowpox virus infection (2017)

Currently, cowpox would be an unlikely consideration in patients with neurological signs or upper respiratory noise. These cases both document novel presentations of cowpox infection, which clinicians should be aware of and consider as differential diagnoses in patients with these atypical presentations.
Recycle of radiologically contaminated austenitic stainless steels (1995)

The United States Department of Energy owns large quantities of radiologically contaminated austenitic stainless steel which could by recycled for reuse if appropriate release standards were in place. Unfortunately, current policy places the formulation of a release standard for USA industry years, if not decades, away. The Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and various university and industrial partners are participating in initiative to recycle previously contaminated austenitic stainless steels into containers for the storage and disposal of radioactive wastes. This paper describes laboratory scale experiments which demonstrated the decontamination and remelt of stainless steel which had been contaminated with radionuclides.
Design and Optimization of a Low-Impedance Pulsed-Power Marx Generator to Drive High-Power Relativistic X-Band Magnetron (2005)

One class of high-current relativistic HPM devices, the relativistic magnetron [1], provides a low-impedance (10-50 Omega) load that inherently needs matching to a low-impedance pulsed-power (Gigawatt or greater) supply to operate with maximum efficiency. One of the most common and reliable pulsed-power drivers used to accomplish this is a Marx generator. The University of New Mexico previously used a modified Pulseradreg 110A electron beam accelerator [2] to produce high-power microwaves [3] from a backward wave oscillator (BWO), which was a high-impedance load (130 Omega). This driver will be used for planned experiments with an X-band relativistic magnetron. The main part of the Pulserad's assembly is a Marx generator composed of capacitors, spark gaps and resistors electrically arranged in an 11-stage Marx circuit. The output impedance of the Marx generator is about ~35 Omega (which is why a shunt resistor was required to facilitate operation with the BWO), maximum charging voltage of each single stage is <100 kV, and total stored energy is about 600 Joules. In the present paper some results of the design and optimization efforts aimed at reducing the intrinsic impedance of the Marx generator are discussed. It turns out, for example, that by re-arranging the Marx's electrical circuit from the presently configured 11-stage Marx into a series-parallel connection of 12 capacitors, it is possible to decrease the impedance of the Marx generator down to ~15 Omega (implementing series-parallel connection of 2 parallel lines with 6 series capacitors in each line - 2times6 circuit), or even down to ~10 Omega (implementing series-parallel connection of 3 parallel lines of 4 series capacitors -3times4 circuit). Another feature that will be integrated in the redesign of the Pulseradreg 110 A electron beam accelerator is the use of a brazed ceramic insulator stack to facilitate high-vacuum operation. Successful completion of this upgrade will allow for experimental studies of a low-impedance relativistic X-band magnetron to begin to operate au naturel.
Mechanism of Metallic Particle Growth and Metal‐Induced Pitting on Si Wafer Surface in Wet Chemical Processing (1994)

To understand the mechanism of noble‐metal adhesion in wet processes, the behavior of Cu adhesion to the Si surface in various chemical solutions, the shape and chemical composition of Cu contaminants adhering to Si surfaces, the surface microroughness of Si surfaces, and the influence of the type of the substrates are investigated. The results show that Cu ion deposits on the Si surface in the form of metallic particles in wet chemical processing, that Cu deposition in solutions causes pits to be formed on the Si surface, and that, on a patterned substrate, Cu deposits on the Si surface but not on the surface. The experimental results imply a Cu deposition mechanism. In a dilute solution, the Si surface beneath the Cu particles is etched away to become and a pit is made. Contamination with noble metals is critical. The mechanism for metal deposition may apply to noble metals in general. These metallic impurities must not be introduced into any wet chemical solution or ultrapure water when a bare Si surface is exposed.
Functional roles of cytoplasmic loops and pore lining transmembrane helices in the voltage‐dependent inactivation of HVA calcium channels (2004)

Voltage-dependent inactivation of calcium channels is a key mechanism for regulating intracellular calcium levels and neuronal excitability. In sodium and potassium channels, the molecular determinants that govern fast inactivation involve pore block by a cytoplasmic gating particle. As we discuss here, there is an increasing body of evidence that is consistent with a qualitatively similar inactivation mechanism in high-voltage-activated calcium channels. Work from a number of laboratories has implicated both cytoplasmic regions and the pore-lining S6 transmembrane helices in the inactivation process. Together with our recent findings, this leads us to propose a model in which the intracellular domain I-II linker region acts as a 'hinged lid' that physically occludes the pore by docking to the cytoplasmic ends of the S6 segments. We further propose that the ancillary calcium channel Beta subunits differentially modulate inactivation kinetics by binding to and thereby regulating the mobility of the putative inactivation gate. Indeed, additional evidence suggests that the carboxy terminus, amino terminus and domain III-IV linker regions of the channel modulate inactivation rates through interactions with the I-II linker per se, or indirectly via the ancillary Beta subunits. Taken together, the fast voltage-dependent inactivation of calcium channels appears reminiscent of that of sodium channels, but appears to show a more complex regulation through intramolecular interactions between the putative inactivation gate and other cytoplasmic regions.
Implementation of Transmitter Identification Signal Analyzer in Single Frequency Network (2008)

This paper presents the transmitter identification (TxID) signal analyzer for the ATSC terrestrial digital TV system in single frequency networks (SFNs). The structure of the TxID signal analyzer and its practical use in SFN environment are presented with a theoretical approach of the performance measurement The proposed TxID signal analyzer shows robustness at low carrier to noise ratio (CNR), and improvement of analyzing performance using ensemble averaging scheme. The laboratory test results are provided to evaluate the performance of TxID signal analyzer.
Cor Pulmonale Secondary to Ventriculoauriculostomy (1964)

The purpose of this paper is to alert physicians that hydrocephalic children with tube drainage of cerebrospinal fluid into the right atrium may insidiously develop cor pulmonale. This is an important complication to recognize early, since removal of the tube and replacement at another site, if necessary, may halt the process before right heart failure occurs. Material and Method A review of the autopsy files at Los Angeles Childrens Hospital over the last five years was undertaken seeking patients who had died at any time after a ventriculoauriculostomy. A concurrent cardiovascular evaluation of living children who had undergone this procedure was initiated. These patients have been seen as outpatients over the last six months. In addition to history and physical examination, we obtained an electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, blood culture, and phonocardiogram. The Heyer valve had been utilized in each patient. This has a simple unidirectional slit valve at the intracardiac
The nanoscale engineering of nematic liquid crystals for displays (2011)

Abstract Liquid crystal displays, LCDs, are the world's ubiquitous communication devices. In only 50 years, from the late 1960s to the present day, we have seen the birth of a new industry and its accession to dominance across the globe. How was this achieved? Imagination and innovation from device engineers? Yes, but the dreams could only be realised via equally extraordinary developments in the nanoscale engineering of molecular structures of materials through rational design. This article describes how the chemistry of liquid crystals developed so that mesophase structure, transition temperatures and physical properties could be predicted by the best practitioners of the subject so that new device concepts could be realised. Keywords: nematicsdisplaysLCDsliquid crystals Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following for their contributions to this article: Peter Raynes, Cyril Hilsum, Ian Sage, Rudolf Eidenschink and Michael Hird, and the following companies: RSRE (later DERA and QinetiQ), Merck Chemicals and Bell Laboratories. I am also deeply indebted to my late friend and colleague, Professor Ken Toyne, for his support of our research at Hull University on nematic and smectic materials.
Probabilistic neurotransmitter release for dynamic synapse neural networks and its application on pure tone recognition (2003)

In this paper, we propose a probabilistic neurotransmitter release for dynamic synapses neural network (DSNNs). The capabilities of DSNNs have already been investigated in the processing of spatio-temporal patterns of action potentials [J.-S. Liaw and T. W. Berger (1996)]. The deterministic model of synapse is substituted by probabilistic Markov model. The action potentials generated by auditory system are the inputs of the model. The probability of neurotransmitter release is then estimated from the model. In general, the aim of this study is to present a robust pure tone recognition system based on DSNN. To generate action potential from music tone we have employed pulse code modulation method. The action potentials are plugged into the DSNN for recognition purpose. Our simulation results showed that the DSNN based on probabilistic release has 4% better recognition performance with respect to the deterministic model [A. A. Dibazar et al., SFN 2002]. [Work supported in part by DARPA-CVS, NASA, and ONR.]
Basal Ganglia Cavernous Malformations (2020)

Li, Yiping MD; Khahera, Anadjeet S; Kim, Jason J; Mandel, Mauricio MD, PhD; Steinberg, Gary K MD, PhD Author Information
Comprehensive study of the drug delivery properties of poly( l -lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles in rats and tumor-bearing mice (2017)

Nanoparticles made of polylactide-poly(ethylene glycol) block-copolymer (PLA-PEG) are promising vehicles for drug delivery due to their biodegradability and controllable payload release. However, published data on the drug delivery properties of PLA-PEG nanoparticles are heterogeneous in terms of nanoparticle characteristics and mostly refer to low injected doses (a few mg nanoparticles per kg body weight). We have performed a comprehensive study of the biodistribution of nanoparticle formulations based on PLA-PEG nanoparticles of ~100nm size at injected doses of 30 to 140mg/kg body weight in healthy rats and nude tumor-bearing mice. Nanoparticle formulations differed by surface PEG coverage and by release kinetics of the encapsulated model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Increase in PEG coverage prolonged nanoparticle circulation half-life up to ~20h in rats and ~10h in mice and decreased retention in liver, spleen and lungs. Circulation half-life of the encapsulated API grew monotonously as the release rate slowed down. Plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics was dose-linear for inactive nanoparticles, but markedly dose-dependent for the model therapeutic formulation, presumably because of the toxic effects of released API. A mathematical model of API distribution calibrated on the data for inactive nanoparticles and conventional API form correctly predicted the distribution of the model therapeutic formulation at the lowest investigated dose, but for higher doses the toxic action of the released API had to be explicitly modelled. Our results provide a coherent illustration of the ability of controllable-release PLA-PEG nanoparticles to serve as an effective drug delivery platform to alter API biodistribution. They also underscore the importance of physiological effects of released drug in determining the biodistribution of therapeutic drug formulations at doses approaching tolerability limits.
Targeting Glutamine Metabolism to Enhance Immunoprevention of EGFR‐Driven Lung Cancer (2022)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Vaccination against EGFR can be one of the venues to prevent lung cancer. Blocking glutamine metabolism has been shown to improve anticancer immunity. Here, the authors report that JHU083, an orally active glutamine antagonist prodrug designed to be preferentially activated in the tumor microenvironment, has potent anticancer effects on EGFR-driven mouse lung tumorigenesis. Lung tumor development is significantly suppressed when treatment with JHU083 is combined with an EGFR peptide vaccine (EVax) than either single treatment. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing of the lung tumors reveal that JHU083 increases CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell and CD4<sup>+</sup> Th1 cell infiltration, while EVax elicits robust Th1 cell-mediated immune responses and protects mice against EGFR<sup>L858R</sup> mutation-driven lung tumorigenesis. JHU083 treatment decreases immune suppressive cells, including both monocytic- and granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and pro-tumor CD4<sup>+</sup> Th17 cells in mouse models. Interestingly, Th1 cells are found to robustly upregulate oxidative metabolism and adopt a highly activated and memory-like phenotype upon glutamine inhibition. These results suggest that JHU083 is highly effective against EGFR-driven lung tumorigenesis and promotes an adaptive T cell-mediated tumor-specific immune response that enhances the efficacy of EVax.
Carbon Fiber–Bismaleimide Composites Filled with Nickel‐Coated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Lightning‐Strike Protection (2011)

Abstract Multifunctional carbon fiber composites are imperative for next‐generation lightweight aircraft structures. However, lightning‐strike protection is a feature that is lacking in many modern carbon fiber high‐temperature polymer systems, due to their high electrical resistivity. This work presents a study on processing, materials optimization, and property development of high‐temperature bismaleimide (BMI)–carbon fiber composites filled with nickel‐coated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (Ni‐SWNTs) based on three key factors: i) dispersion of Ni‐SWNTs, ii) their surface coverage on the carbon plies and, iii) the composite surface resistivity. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed that coating purified SWNTs with nickel enabled improved dispersion which resulted in uniform surface coverage on the carbon plies. The electrical resistivity of the baseline composite system was reduced by ten orders of magnitude by the addition of 4 wt% Ni‐SWNTs (calculated with respect to the weight of a single carbon ply). Ni‐SWNT–filled composites showed a reduced amount of damage to simulated lightning strike compared to their unfilled counterparts, as indicated by the minimal carbon fiber pull‐out.
Proportional Fairness in Multi-Channel Multi-Rate Wireless Networks-Part I: The Case of Deterministic Channels with Application to AP Association Problem in Large-Scale WLAN (2008)

This is Part I of a two-part paper series that studies the use of the proportional fairness (PF) utility function as the basis for resource allocation and scheduling in multichannel multi-rate wireless networks. The contributions of Part I are threefold. (i) We present the fundamental properties and physical/economic interpretation of PF optimality. We show that PF leads to equal airtime allocation to users for the singlechannel case; and equal equivalent airtime allocation to users for the multi-channel case. In addition, we also establish the Pareto efficiency of joint-channel PF optimal solution (the formulation of interest to us in this paper), and its superiority over the individual-channel PF optimal solution in that the individual user throughputs of the former are all equal to or greater than the corresponding user throughputs of the latter. (ii) Second, we derive characteristics of joint-channel PF optimal solutions useful for the construction of PF-optimization algorithms. In particular, we show that a PF solution typically consists of many zero airtime assignments when the difference between the number of users U and the number of channels S, |U - S|, is large. We present several PF-optimization algorithms, including a fast algorithm that is amenable to parallel implementation. (iii) Third, we study the use of PF utility for resource allocation in large-scale WiFi networks consisting of many adjacent wireless LANs. We find that the PF solution simultaneously achieves higher system throughput, better fairness, and lower outage probability with respect to the default solution given by today's 802.11 commercial products. Part II of this paper series extends our investigation to the time-varying-channel case in which the data rates enjoyed by users over the channels vary dynamically over time.
Nitrogen‐doped SWCNT synthesis using ammonia and carbon monoxide (2010)

Abstract Great effort has been directed into modifying the electrical properties of produced carbon nanotubes by chemical doping and – in parallel – into controlling their chirality. We present a new approach to synthesizing nitrogen‐doped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), based on gas phase floating catalyst CVD. The nitrogen content in the tubes was verified by transmission electron microscopy/electron‐energy loss spectroscopy (TEM/EELS), and their chiral angle distribution found by electron diffraction (ED) to be skewed toward armchair tubes. Additionally, the optical properties of the material were probed by multi‐frequency Raman spectroscopy and optical absorption.
Front Matter: Volume 9758 (2016)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9758, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Rank-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: Retaining Meaning and Speed in High Dimensions (2009)

The long-standing problem of efficient nearest-neighbor (NN) search has ubiqui-tous applications ranging from astrophysics to MP3 fingerprinting to bioinformat-ics to movie recommendations. As the dimensionality of the dataset increases, ex-act NN search becomes computationally prohibitive; (1+휖) distance-approximate NN search can provide large speedups but risks losing the meaning of NN search present in the ranks (ordering) of the distances. This paper presents a simple, practical algorithm allowing the user to, for the first time, directly control the true accuracy of NN search (in terms of ranks) while still achieving the large speedups over exact NN. Experiments on high-dimensional datasets show that our algorithm often achieves faster and more accurate results than the best-known distance-approximate method, with much more stable behavior. 1
Quantification of Poly(ADP-Ribose) In Vitro: Determination of the ADP-Ribose Chain Length and Branching Pattern (2011)

The structural integrity of eukaryotic genomes, to a great extent, depends on highly regulated and -coordinated enzymatic chromosomal poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation cycles that target chromatin proteins for specific covalent epigenetic poly(ADP-ribose) modification. As a result, the accurate determination of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation amino acid specificity, as well as, a detailed characterization of the structural -complexity of the protein-bound ADP-ribose polymers generated, e.g., linear versus branched ADP-ribose chains, need to be carefully sorted out. In this chapter, we describe well-established and reproducible laboratory methods and protocols typically used to determine: (1) the ADP-ribose chain length(s) and (2) the molecular stoichiometry of the protein-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction, e.g., number of ADP-ribose chains/polypeptide unit. While the methodology described here is exclusively for in vitro purified systems that can be used with high reliability, the reader is advised that application of these protocols to whole cell extracts and tissue systems must take into consideration the rapid turnover rate of protein-bound ADP-ribose polymers in vivo. Indeed, these extremely low-abundance chromatin-bound polymeric molecules are notoriously characterized for displaying a short half-life, typically from a few seconds to a few minutes. We also discuss potential methodological pitfalls, such as: (1) the chemical stability of protein-(ADP-ribose)n adducts and (2) the requirement for polymeric radiolabeling.
Probing the Magnetic Exchange Forces of Iron on the Atomic Scale (2008)

Applying magnetic exchange force microscopy with an Fe-coated tip, we experimentally resolve the atomic-scale antiferromagnetic structure of the Fe monolayer on W(001). On the basis of first-principles calculations, using an Fe nanocluster as a tip, we determine the distance dependence of the magnetic exchange forces. Significant relaxation of tip and sample atoms occurs, which depend sensitively on the local magnetic configuration. This shifts the onset of magnetic interactions toward larger separations and facilitates their observation. Implementing a multiatom tip in the calculations and accounting for relaxation effects are crucial to obtain the correct sign and distance dependence of the magnetic exchange interaction. By comparison with our calculations, we show that the experimentally observed contrast is due to a competition between chemical and magnetic forces.
PREMIER &#x2014; PRobabilistic error-correction using Markov inference in errored reads (2013)

In this work we present a flexible, probabilistic and reference-free method of error correction for high throughput DNA sequencing data. The key is to exploit the high coverage of sequencing data and model short sequence outputs as independent realizations of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We pose the problem of error correction of reads as one of maximum likelihood sequence detection over this HMM. While time and memory considerations rule out an implementation of the optimal Baum-Welch algorithm (for parameter estimation) and the optimal Viterbi algorithm (for error correction), we propose low-complexity approximate versions of both. Specifically, we propose an approximate Viterbi and a sequential decoding based algorithm for the error correction. Our results show that when compared with Reptile, a state-of-the-art error correction method, our methods consistently achieve superior performances on both simulated and real data sets.