gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of Cellulose Esters: Composting of Cellulose Ester-Diluent Mixtures (1995)

Abstract A number of polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), Matter-Bi, cellulose acetate (CA) with different degrees of substitution (DS), and cellulose ester–diluent mixtures have been evaluated in a static, bench-scale simulated municipal compost environment. Of the polymers evaluated, cellulose acetate (DS > 2.2), poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV), and PCL exhibited the fastest composting rates, completely disappearing after 14 days. Optically clear resins were prepared from CA (DS = 2.06) and triethylcitrate (TEC) by thermal compounding, and the resins were converted to compression-molded film and injection-molded bars for composting studies. A series of miscible blends consisting of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and poly(ethylene glutarate) (PEG) or poly(-tetramethylene glutarate) (PTG) were also prepared and evaluated in composting. In addition to measured weight loss, samples were removed from the compost at different intervals and evaluated by gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR. As expected, the CA/TEC films disappeared rapidly upon composting while the injection-molded bars exhibited weight losses of 10−12%. For the CAP/polyester blends, the type of polyester (PEG versus PTG) in the blend made no difference in composting rates. In general, as the DS of the CAP decreased and the amount of polyester in the blend increased, the rate of composting and the weight loss due to composting increased. When the CAP was highly substituted, almost all of the weight loss was ascribed to loss to polyester. When the DS of the CAP was below approximately 2.0, both components degraded.
Subwavelength resolution from multilayered structure(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Breaking optical diffraction limit is one of the most important issues needed to be overcome for the demand of high-density optoelectronic components. Here, a multilayered structure which consists of alternating semiconductor and dielectric layers for breaking optical diffraction limitation at THz frequency region are proposed and analyzed. We numerically demonstrate that such multilayered structure not only can act as a hyperbolic metamaterial but also a birefringence material via the control of the external temperature (or magnetic field). A practical approach is provided to control all the diffraction signals toward a specific direction by using transfer matrix method and effective medium theory. Numerical calculations and computer simulation (based on finite element method, FEM) are carried out, which agree well with each other. The temperature (or magnetic field) parameter can be tuned to create an effective material with nearly flat isofrequency feature to transfer (project) all the k-space signals excited from the object to be resolved to the image plane. Furthermore, this multilayered structure can resolve subwavelength structures at various incident THz light sources simultaneously. In addition, the resolution power for a fixed operating frequency also can be tuned by only changing the magnitude of external magnetic field. Such a device provides a practical route for multi-functional material, photolithography and real-time super-resolution image.
FlowBender (2014)

Datacenter networks provide high path diversity for traffic between machines. Load balancing traffic across these paths is important for both, latency- and throughput-sensitive applications. The standard load balancing techniques used today obliviously hash a flow to a random path. When long flows collide on the same path, this might lead to long lasting congestion while other paths could be underutilized, degrading performance of other flows as well. Recent proposals to address this shortcoming incur significant implementation complexity at the host that would actually slow down short flows (MPTCP), depend on relatively slow centralized controllers for rerouting large congesting flows (Hedera), or require custom switch hardware, hindering near-term deployment (DeTail).
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Patients Accept Finger Stick Blood Collection for Point-Of-Care CD4 Testing (2016)

Patient perceptions support the implementation of donating capillary blood with blade-based finger stick during CD4 point-of-care testing.
A three‐gene DNA methylation biomarker accurately classifies early stage prostate cancer (2019)

We created and validated a multigene model for the classification of benign and malignant prostate tissue. With false positive and negative rates below 7%, this three-gene biomarker represents a promising basis for more accurate prostate cancer diagnosis.
COVID-19, SARS AND BATS CORONAVIRUSES GENOMES PECULIAR HOMOLOGOUS RNA SEQUENCES (2020)

We are facing the worldwide invasion of a new coronavirus. This follows several limited outbreaks of related viruses in various locations in a recent past (SARS, MERS). Although the main current objective of researchers is to bring efficient therapeutic and preventive solutions to the global population, we need also to better understand the origin of the newly coronavirus-induced epidemic in order to avoid future outbreaks. The present molecular appraisal is to study by a bio-infomatic approach the facts relating to the virus and itsprecursors. This article shows how 16 fragments (Env Pol and Integrase genes) from different strains, both diversified and very recent, of the HIV1, HIV2 and SIV retroviruses have high percentage of homology into parts of the genome of COVID_19. Moreover each of these elements is made of 18 or more nucleotides and therefore may have a function. They are called Exogenous Informative Elements (EIE).. Among these EIE, 12 are concentrated in a very small region of the COVID-19 genome, length less than 900 bases, i.e. less than 3% of the total length of this genome. In addition, these EIE are positioned in two functional genes of COVID-19: the orf1ab and S spike genes. Here are the two main facts which contribute to our hypothesis of a partially synthetic genome: A contiguous region representing 2.49% of the whole COVID-19 genome of which 40.99% is made up of 12 diverse fragments originating from various strains of HIV SIV retroviruses. Some of these 12 EIE appear concatenated. Notably, the retroviral part of these regions, which consists of 8 elements from various strainsof HIV1, HIV2 and SIV covers a length of 275 contiguous bases of COVID-19. The cumulative length of these 8 HIV/SIV elements represents 200 bases. Consequently, the HIV SIV density rate of this region of COVID-19 is 200/275 = 72.73%.
Glucocerebrosidase gene mutation is a risk factor for early onset of Parkinson disease among Taiwanese (2007)

Mutations of the GBA gene may be associated with the development of EOPD in Taiwan.
The potential role of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in cancer chemotherapy. (1990)

GM-CSF has been used in clinical trials to assess its role in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of marrow cells and enhancing the functional activities of granulocytes and monocytes. These studies have indicated that GM-CSF may prove useful in the management of cancer patients by preventing or treating myelosuppression following cancer chemotherapy and in patients with myelodysplasia or aplastic anaemia. As well as determining the efficacy of GM-CSF as a therapeutic agent, these studies are also providing insights into the possible roles of GM-CSF in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies of GM-CSF in patients with advanced cancer and myelodysplasia suggest that the ratio of efficacy to toxicity of GM-CSF can be modified by changing either the dose or the method of administration.
Low-coherence digital holographic tomography (2003)

Low coherence digital holographic microscopy (LCDHM) is a new 3D imaging technique combining the advantages of digital holographic microscopy with those of reduced coherence interferometry. This gives the possibility to perform tomography of 3D objects while maintaining the excellent performances of DHM. A tomographic depth resolution of 11 &mu;m has been achieved as a proof of principle. Images of the epithelial cells of the porcine cornea are presented.
Small–molecule therapeutics for the treatment of glycolipid lysosomal storage disorders (2003)

Glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage disorders are a small but challenging group of human diseases to treat. Although these disorders appear to be monogenic in origin, where the catalytic activity of enzymes in GSL catabolism is impaired, the clinical presentation and severity of disease are heterogeneous. Present attitudes to treatment demand individual therapeutics designed to match the specific disease-related gene defect; this is an acceptable approach for those diseases with high frequency, but it lacks viability for extremely rare conditions. An alternative therapeutic approach termed 'substrate deprivation' or 'substrate reduction therapy' (SRT) aims to balance cellular GSL biosynthesis with the impairment in catalytic activity seen in lysosomal storage disorders. The development of N-alkylated iminosugars that have inhibitory activity against the first enzyme in the pathway for glucosylating sphingolipid in eukaryotic cells, ceramide-specific glucosyltransferase, offers a generic therapeutic for the treatment of all glucosphingolipidoses. The successful use of N-alkylated iminosugars to establish SRT as an alternative therapeutic strategy has been demonstrated in in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials for type 1 Gaucher disease. The implications of these studies and the prospects of improvement to the design of iminosugar compounds for treating Gaucher and other GSL lysosomal storage disorders will be discussed.
Automated gastric cancer diagnosis on H&E-stained sections; ltraining a classifier on a large scale with multiple instance machine learning (2013)

We present a system that detects cancer on slides of gastric tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E). At its heart is a classifier trained using the semi-supervised multi-instance learning framework (MIL) where each tissue is represented by a set of regions-of-interest (ROI) and a single label. Such labels are readily obtained because pathologists diagnose each tissue independently as part of the normal clinical workflow. From a large dataset of over 26K gastric tissue sections from over 12K patients obtained from a clinical load spanning several months, we train a MIL classifier on a patient-level partition of the dataset (2/3 of the patients) and obtain a very high performance of 96% (AUC), tested on the remaining 1/3 never-seen before patients (over 8K tissues). We show this level of performance to match the more costly supervised approach where individual ROIs need to be labeled manually. The large amount of data used to train this system gives us confidence in its robustness and that it can be safely used in a clinical setting. We demonstrate how it can improve the clinical workflow when used for pre-screening or quality control. For pre-screening, the system can diagnose 47% of the tissues with a very low likelihood (&lt; 1%) of missing cancers, thus halving the clinicians' caseload. For quality control, compared to random rechecking of 33% of the cases, the system achieves a three-fold increase in the likelihood of catching cancers missed by pathologists. The system is currently in regular use at independent pathology labs in Japan where it is used to double-check clinician's diagnoses. At the end of 2012 it will have analyzed over 80,000 slides of gastric and colorectal samples (200,000 tissues).
Design and cost performance of the multistage WDM-PON access networks (2000)

The advantages of employing passive optical architectures in the access network have been largely recognized. Particularly, recent developments in optical technologies have made the realization of wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM PONs) feasible and cost-effective. These networks are more future-proof than conventional PONs, thanks to their intrinsic optical transparency and their extremely high transmission capacity. A very useful optical routing device, called waveguide grating router, is the basic building-block of new PON architectures capable of connecting a large number of users or to improve the use of the optical bandwidth. In this paper, we analyze the connectivity of WDM PONs composed of multiple stages of WGR devices. A design tool is also presented which is able to easily evaluate the connectivity functions of complex WDM PONs. The feasibility of these architectures is discussed by considering the costs and the technological limitations on the optical components.
Professional development and teacher efficacy: evidence from the 2013 TALIS (2019)

Using the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) data, this study explored the relationship between professional development (PD) and teacher efficacy. In particular, the analysis focused on how 4 aspects of PD (format, content, duration, and quality) are statistically related to the overall as well as the 3 subscales of teacher efficacy in classroom management, instruction, and student engagement. This study found PD programs (a) in the formats that promoted job-embedded, inquiry-oriented, and collaborative learning and (b) that offered contents for curriculum, instructional skills, school management, and technology were statistically correlated with the overall as well as the subscales of teacher efficacy in a positive way. As for PD duration and quality, this study found the length of PD and teacher-perceived quality of PD were positively associated with some of the 4 teacher efficacy variables.
ChemInform Abstract: From Dopyballs to Nanowires (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mitosis Detection for Invasive Breast Cancer Grading in Histopathological Images (2015)

Histopathological grading of cancer not only offers an insight to the patients' prognosis but also helps in making individual treatment plans. Mitosis counts in histopathological slides play a crucial role for invasive breast cancer grading using the Nottingham grading system. Pathologists perform this grading by manual examinations of a few thousand images for each patient. Hence, finding the mitotic figures from these images is a tedious job and also prone to observer variability due to variations in the appearances of the mitotic cells. We propose a fast and accurate approach for automatic mitosis detection from histopathological images. We employ area morphological scale space for cell segmentation. The scale space is constructed in a novel manner by restricting the scales with the maximization of relative-entropy between the cells and the background. This results in precise cell segmentation. The segmented cells are classified in mitotic and non-mitotic category using the random forest classifier. Experiments show at least 12% improvement in F1 score on more than 450 histopathological images at 40× magnification.
Liver and Adipose Expression Associated SNPs Are Enriched for Association to Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated the ability to identify the strongest causal common variants in complex human diseases. However, to date, the massive data generated from GWAS have not been maximally explored to identify true associations that fail to meet the stringent level of association required to achieve genome-wide significance. Genetics of gene expression (GGE) studies have shown promise towards identifying DNA variations associated with disease and providing a path to functionally characterize findings from GWAS. Here, we present the first empiric study to systematically characterize the set of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with expression (eSNPs) in liver, subcutaneous fat, and omental fat tissues, demonstrating these eSNPs are significantly more enriched for SNPs that associate with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in three large-scale GWAS than a matched set of randomly selected SNPs. This enrichment for T2D association increases as we restrict to eSNPs that correspond to genes comprising gene networks constructed from adipose gene expression data isolated from a mouse population segregating a T2D phenotype. Finally, by restricting to eSNPs corresponding to genes comprising an adipose subnetwork strongly predicted as causal for T2D, we dramatically increased the enrichment for SNPs associated with T2D and were able to identify a functionally related set of diabetes susceptibility genes. We identified and validated malic enzyme 1 (Me1) as a key regulator of this T2D subnetwork in mouse and provided support for the association of this gene to T2D in humans. This integration of eSNPs and networks provides a novel approach to identify disease susceptibility networks rather than the single SNPs or genes traditionally identified through GWAS, thereby extracting additional value from the wealth of data currently being generated by GWAS.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Rhodamine Derivatives as Fluorescent Probes (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Differential Regulation of the Transcriptional Activity of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor NGFI-B by Membrane Depolarization and Nerve Growth Factor (1997)

The immediate-early gene NGFI-B (also called nur77) encodes an orphan nuclear receptor that activates transcription through a unique response element (NBRE). NGFI-B is rapidly induced and modified via phosphorylation by a variety of stimuli that induce cells to differentiate or to proliferate. We have shown that the in vitro phosphorylation of Ser350 located within the "A-box," a motif necessary for DNA binding by NGFI-B, results in a decrease in the binding of NGFI-B to its response element (Hirata, Y., Kiuchi, K., Chen, H.-C., Milbrandt, J., and Guroff, G. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 24808-24812). We show here that nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced changes in the in vivo phosphorylation of Ser350 accompany transcriptional deactivation of NGFI-B in PC12 cells, that membrane depolarization and NGF treatment cause differential phosphorylation of NGFI-B, and that the transcriptional activation caused by exogenous expression of NGFI-B or membrane depolarization can be inhibited by NGF treatment. In addition, the mutation of Ser350 to Ala abolished the inhibitory effect of NGF on the transcriptional activation of NGFI-B in PC12 cells. These data could provide new insights into the regulation of transcriptional activity required for some neurons to switch from activity-dependent survival to neurotrophin-dependent survival during development.
Commercialization of the Crystal LED Display System Using Micro LEDs to Realize Scalable and High-Quality Images (2019)

近年の映像情報の高解像度・ハイダイナミックレンジ化および活用領域の多様化に伴い，幅広い表現力と画面の縦横比やサイズの制限のない臨場感のある映像を提供できるディスプレイの必要性が高まっている．このような要求に対し，微細な発光ダイオード（マイクロLED）を画素に用いた高い表現能力と大画面への拡張性を両立したCrystal LEDディスプレイシステムを実用化した．この実用化に向け画素となるマイクロLED，個々の画素に微細な駆動IC（マイクロIC）を配置した新たなアクティブマトリクス駆動技術，ディスプレイユニットを継ぎ目なく配置する高精度タイリング技術を開発した．マイクロLEDによる非常に高いコントラスト比と広視野角，マイクロICによる優れた輝度再現性と色度安定性を数百インチという大画面で継ぎ目なく実現でき，従来ディスプレイでは困難な臨場感のある新たな映像表現が可能となった．
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON EXCHANGE IN PHOTODEPOSITION OF POLY(VINYLFERROCENE) ON PLATINUM ELECTRODES FROM METHYLENE CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS (1981)

Abstract Elektrochemisch reaktive Filme von Poly‐ (vinylferrocen) an Platin können durch spontane Adsorption der Polymeren aus CH 2 Cl 2 ‐Lösung erhalten werden, schneller erfolgt die Bildung bei gleichzeitiger UV‐ Bestrahlung der Lösung.
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum. Quarterly report, 1 December 1994--28 February 1995 (1995)

The overall goal of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility for producing feasibility-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. This is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co. (IP), and Central Illinois Public Services (CIPS). Bench-scale experiments will be conducted to obtain process engineering data for the manufacture of ammonium sulfate from FGD-gypsum and to help evaluate technical and economic feasibility of the process. Controlled greenhouse experiments will be conducted at UIUC to evaluate the chemical impact of coal-derived impurities in ammonium sulfate produced from FGD-gypsum on soil properties. A process flow sheet will be proposed and market demand for the products will be established. An engineering team at IP will provide an independent review of the economics of the process. AlliedSignal will be involved in testing and quality evaluation of ammonium sulfate samples and is interested in an agreement to market the finished product. CIPS will provide technical assistance and samples of FGD -gypsum for the project. In this quarter, with an exception of the neutron activation analysis, analyses of FGD-gypsum samples that were generated by two power stations were completed. The high quality FGD-gypsum sample produced from the Abbott power plant in Champaign, IL was 98.36% gypsum, CaSO{sub 4}{center_dot}2H{sub 2}O, and less than 0.01% calcium`` sulfite, CaSO{sub 3}. The low quality sample from CIPS`s Newton Power Plant at Jasper, Illinois, was only 7.36% of gypsum. It was 87.54% calcium sulfite. A literature search provided the information to set up a batch, bench-scale reactor system. Reactions were conducted at 70{degrees}C for a range of times which resulted in 82% conversion of calcium sulfate to ammonium sulfate.
Adenoviral vectors for liver-directed gene therapy. (1999)

Adenoviral vectors currently represent one of the most efficient means of in vivo hepatocyte gene delivery. Consequently, liver-directed gene transfer has been increasingly explored as a promising approach for the treatment of a diverse range of genetic and acquired diseases. Numerous demonstrations of efficacious adenoviral vector-mediated delivery of a wide array of transgenes in several animal species and humans have been reported. In general, transgene expression was efficient, but transient, in many cases lasting < 1 month. Currently, efforts in the field are focused on the development of highly attenuated adenoviral vectors designed to prolong transgene expression by reducing vector immunogenicity and hepatoxicity. Vector optimization strategies include the development of vectors devoid of all viral coding regions, the generation of chimeric vectors engineered to capitalize on favorable aspects of the component viral systems, the development of tissue-specific regulated gene expression, and the development of strategies to circumvent the host immune system. The use of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy of hereditary, malignant and infectious diseases of the liver, and the vector optimization strategies outlined above are discussed in this work.