gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-192: The FAK inhibitors VS-4718 and VS-5095 attenuate breast cancer stem cell function in vitro and tumor growth in vivo (2012)

Abstract As a key mediator of integrin signaling, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates cellular responses to extracellular matrix interactions. Amplification and overexpression of FAK have been observed in aggressive human cancers including breast cancer. FAK has been implicated in multiple steps in carcinogenesis including tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. We now demonstrate the importance of FAK in breast cancer stem cell function, and the reduction of cancer stem cell function by the selective FAK inhibitors VS-4718 and VS-5095. VS-4718 and VS-5095 are potent and selective FAK inhibitors which were optimized following high throughput screening. Both VS-4718 and VS-5095 block fibronectin-stimulated FAK autophosphorylation of Tyr397 with low nanomolar cellular potency and are highly selective for FAK among a panel of protein kinases. Consistent with their mechanism of action, VS-4718 and VS-5095 showed greater inhibitory potency on the growth of multiple cancer cell lines in 3D matrigel culture as compared to conventional 2D culture. To determine if FAK plays a role in the biology of breast cancer stem cells in addition to its reported function in normal mammary stem cell biology, the effects of these FAK inhibitors were characterized using two different in vitro assays. It was previously demonstrated that immortalized mammary epithelial cells (HMLEs) driven to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by knockdown of E-cadherin (HMLE-shECad) exhibit many of the characteristics of cancer stem cells and can be used to identify agents that selectively target cancer stem cells. VS-4718 exhibited 25-fold greater potency against proliferation of mesenchymal HMLE-shECad cells as compared to epithelial HMLE-shGFP control cells, suggesting preferential effects on breast cancer stem cells. Furthermore, pre-treatment of SUM159 triple negative breast cancer cells with VS-5095 in matrigel attenuated secondary tumorsphere formation, suggesting that FAK is important for the self-renewal function of breast cancer stem cells. The role of FAK in breast cancer stem cell renewal was further corroborated by the observation that FAK shRNA inhibited tumorsphere formation by SUM159 cells. The in vivo efficacy of the FAK inhibitor VS-5095 was evaluated in the MDA-MB-231 human triple negative breast cancer xenograft model. By oral administration, VS-5095 induced significant dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition. In summary, these results demonstrate the importance of FAK in the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells, and support the clinical development of the selective FAK inhibitors VS-4718 and VS-5095 to target breast cancer stem cells for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-192. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-192
Ab initiotheory of polar semiconductor surfaces. I. Methodology and the (22) reconstructions of GaAs(111) (1987)

A methodology is developed for the theoretical study of the polar surfaces of compound semiconductors. It is based on the calculation of the total energy in the context of density-functional theory in the pseudopotential approximation. The method is used to investigate the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) reconstructions of GaAs(111). Emphasis is given to the relative chemical potential, which plays a crucial role in determining the lowest-energy geometry for surfaces with different stoichiometries. The total-energy versus chemical-potential curves indicate that there are at least two stable reconstructions. We predict one to be an As-triangle geometry and the other the Ga vacancy.
Exergetic performance evaluation of ejector cooling system (2011)

Ejector-cooling model is developed to calculate the entrainment ratio and the area ratio representing throat to nozzle area. The developed model is validated with available experimental data in the literature. Parametric studies using the refrigerant R134a as the working fluid show that the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the system is increased by increasing the generator and evaporator temperatures while decreasing the condenser temperature. Furthermore, for the same set of operating temperatures and for various refrigerants considered, the highest COP is obtained using the refrigerant R717 and the lowest by using R114 as the working fluid. The second-law analysis shows that the major sources of irreversibility are the ejector followed by the generator.
Nano-composite stainless steel (2023)

A composite stainless steel composition is composed essentially of, in terms of wt. % ranges: 25 to 28 Cr; 11 to 13 Ni; 7 to 8 W; 3.5 to 4 Mo; 3 to 3.5 B; 2 to 2.5 Mn; 1 to 1.5 Si; 0.3 to 1.7 C; up to 2 O; balance Fe. The composition has an austenitic matrix phase and a particulate, crystalline dispersed phase.
Expression of αB-crystallin overrides the anti-apoptotic activity of XIAP (2012)

Although crystallins are major structural proteins in the lens, α-crystallins perform non-lens functions, and αB-crystallin has been shown to act as an anti-apoptotic mediator in various cells. The present study was undertaken to examine whether αB-crystallin expressed in human malignant glioma cells exerts anti-apoptotic activity. In addition, we sought to elucidate the mechanism underlying any observed anti-apoptotic function of αB-crystallin in these cells. Three glioma cell lines, U373MG, U118MG, and T98G, were used. We observed that only the U373MG cell line expresses αB-crystallin, whereas the other 2 glioma cell lines, U118MG and T98G, demonstrated no endogenous expression of αB-crystallin. We next observed that the silencing of αB-crystallin sensitized U373MG cells to suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA)-induced apoptosis and that αB-crystallin associates with caspase-3 and XIAP. Because XIAP is the most potent suppressor of mammalian apoptosis through the direct binding with caspases, we assessed whether XIAP also plays an anti-apoptotic role in SAHA-induced apoptosis in αB-crystallin-expressing U373MG cells. Of note, the silencing of XIAP did not alter the amount of cell death induced by SAHA, indicating that XIAP does not exert an anti-apoptotic activity in U373MG cells. We then determined whether the ectopic expression of αB-crystallin in glioma cells caused a loss of the anti-apoptotic activity of XIAP. Accordingly, we established 2 αB-crystallin over-expressing glioma cell lines, U118MG and T98G, and found that the silencing of XIAP did not sensitize these cells to SAHA-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that αB-crystallin expressed in glioma cells overrides the anti-apoptotic activity exerted by XIAP.
DETECTION AND IMAGING OF HUMAN BEINGS BEHIND A WALL USING THE DORT METHOD (2010)

In recent years, through the wall imaging has become a topic of intense research due to its promising applications in police, fire and rescue or emergency relief operations. In this paper, we propose to use the DORT method (French acronym for Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator) to detect and localize a moving target behind a wall. One of the DORT method major strengths is that detection remains possible through a distorting medium. In this paper, the DORT method is successfully applied to detect and track moving human beings behind a thick concrete wall. The smallest detectable displacement is also investigated.
Design of broadband high-efficiency power amplifier using in-band Class-F<sup>&#x2212;1</sup>/F mode-transferring technique (2012)

A mode-transferring technique for designing high-frequency high-efficiency broadband power amplifiers is presented in this paper. It is demonstrated, for the first time, that by properly tuning the second and third harmonic impedances, a PA can operate between inverse Class-F and Class-F modes within a 1.5 ∶ 1 bandwidth. A broadband PA is designed by employing this technique with a commercial GaN transistor. The multi-mode PA operation and broadband matching are realized simultaneously using a three-stage, transmission-line-implemented, low-pass network. Simulation and experimental results show that Class-F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> and Class-F PA modes are successfully performed at 1.8 and 2.8 GHz, respectively, with ≥ 80% measured efficiency. In addition, an overall bandwidth of 1.3–3.3 GHz is achieved by the implemented PA with > 10-dB gain, 60%–85% efficiency, and 10-W output power throughout this band.
Novel design and fabrication of a MEMS electrostatic vibration scavenger (2004)

Vibration based energy scavengers are considered to be ideal power sources for low power autonomous devices in industrial environments, where vibrations are abundantly available. In this contribution a model for electrostatic generators is given and an optimised design and fabrication method are presented. The generator consists of an in-plane variable capacitor polarised by means of a SiO2/Si3N4 electret. In order to improve the transformation characteristics of the generator the capacitor is composed out of multiple shallow capacitors in parallel, which increases the coupling factor compared to non-facetted capacitors.
Private Sharing of IOCs and Sightings (2016)

Information sharing helps to better protect computer systems against digital threats and known attacks. However, since security information is usually considered sensitive, parties are hesitant to share all their information through public channels. Instead, they only exchange this information with parties with whom they already established trust relationships. We propose the use of two complementary techniques to allow parties to share information without the need to immediately reveal private information. We consider a cryptographic approach to hide the details of an indicator of compromise so that it can be shared with other parties. These other parties are still able to detect intrusions with these cryptographic indicators. Additionally, we apply another cryptographic construction to let parties report back their number of sightings to a central party. This central party can aggregate the messages from the various parties to learn the total number of sightings for each indicator, without learning the number of sightings from each individual party.
Acquisition of natural humoral immunity to P. falciparum in early life in Benin: impact of clinical, environmental and host factors (2016)

To our knowledge, effects of age, placental malaria infection, infections during follow-up, nutritional habits, sickle-cell trait and individual exposure to Anopheles bites were never explored together in a study focusing on the acquisition of malaria antibody responses among infants living in endemic areas.Five hundred and sixty-seven Beninese infants were weekly followed-up from birth to 18 months of age. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1 and IgG3 specific for 5 malaria antigens were measured every 3 months. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of each variable on the acquisition of antimalarial antibodies in 6-to18-month old infants in univariate and multivariate analyses. Placental malaria, nutrition intakes and sickle-cell trait did not influence the infant antibody levels to P. falciparum antigens. In contrary, age, malaria antibody levels at birth, previous and present malaria infections as well as exposure to Anopheles bites were significantly associated with the natural acquisition of malaria antibodies in 6-to18-month old Beninese infants. This study highlighted inescapable factors to consider simultaneously in an immuno-epidemiological study or a vaccine trial in early life.
Isolation of high purity 73Se using solid phase extraction after selective 4,5-[73Se]benzopiazselenol formation with aminonaphthalene (2018)

Abstract A fast and efficient process for the production of the PET radionuclide 73 Se was developed using 75 Se as a surrogate. 75 Se was separated from proton irradiated arsenic trioxide by reaction with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene to 4,5-[ 75 Se]benzopiazelenol. This compound was purified using SPE column chromatography and subsequently decomposed with hydrogen peroxide. For further chemical conversions [ 75 Se]selenite was reduced to elemental [ 75 Se]selenium by either using thiosulfate or sulfur dioxide. The recovery yield of 75 Se from the target amounted to 43%. The utility of the isolated 75 Se for radiosyntheses was demonstrated by the successful preparation of [ 75 Se]selenomethionine. The methodology developed using 75 Se was successfully transformed to 73 Se.
Bardet‐Biedl syndrome 3 gene in POMC neurons is required for glucose homeostasis (2021)

Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins have emerged as critical regulators of various physiological functions including energy and glucose homeostasis. BBS3 protein is not part of the BBSome (a complex composed of BBS1/2/4/5/7/8/9/18), but is required for its recruitment to the cilia. Human and animals bearing disruption of various BBS genes display numerous features including obesity and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we investigated the role of Bbs3 gene in the anorexigenic pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons . We crossed Bbs3 fl/fl mice with POMC ERCre mice. Tamoxifen was injected at 6 weeks of age for 5 days at 75 mg/kg to induce cre expression. We confirmed Cre recombinase activity in POMC neurons of POMC ERCre /td‐Tomato reportermice after tamoxifen. Interestingly, both male and female POMC ERCre /Bbs3 fl/fl mice did not develop obesity as indicated by the lack of difference in body weight, fat mass and weight of white and brown fat pads. Insulin and glucose tolerance tests revealed that POMC ERCre /Bbs3 fl/fl mice have glucose intolerance, whereas insulin sensitivity was normal. In human RPE1 cells, BBS3 gene knock‐out disrupted the ciliary localization of BBS2 and BBS9 proteins, indicating a loss of BBSome‐mediated cargo trafficking to cilia. These findings demonstrate that POMC neuron BBS3, that mediate cargo transport to cilia, is not necessary for the regulation of energy homeostasis, but is involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
Single-Crystalline Imine-Linked Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Separate Benzene and Cyclohexane Efficiently (2022)

Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are composed of structurally precise, permanently porous, layered macromolecular sheets, which are traditionally synthesized as polycrystalline solids with crystalline domain lengths smaller than 100 nm. Here, we polymerize imine-linked 2D COFs as suspensions of faceted single crystals in as little as 5 min at moderate temperature and ambient pressure. Single crystals of two imine-linked 2D COFs were prepared, consisting of a rhombic 2D COF (<b>TAPPy-PDA</b>) and a hexagonal 2D COF (<b>TAPB-DMPDA</b>). The sizes of <b>TAPPy-PDA</b> and <b>TAPB-DMPDA</b> crystals were tuned from 720 nm to 4 μm and 450 nm to 20 μm in width, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the COF crystals consist of layered, 2D polymers comprising single-crystalline domains. Continuous rotation electron diffraction resolved the unit cell and crystal structure of both COFs, which are single-crystalline in the <i>a</i>-<i>b</i> plane but disordered in the stacking <i>c</i> dimension. Single crystals of both COFs were incorporated into gas chromatography separation columns and exhibited unusual selective retention of cyclohexane over benzene, with single-crystalline <b>TAPPy-PDA</b> significantly outperforming single-crystalline <b>TAPB-DMPDA</b>. Polycrystalline <b>TAPPy-PDA</b> exhibited no separation, while polycrystalline <b>TAPB-DMPDA</b> exhibited poor separation and the opposite order of elution, retaining benzene more than cyclohexane, indicating the importance of improved material quality for COFs to exhibit properties that derive from their precise, crystalline structures. This work represents the first example of synthesizing imine-linked 2D COF single crystals at ambient pressure and short reaction times and demonstrates the promise of high-quality COFs for molecular separations.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of the networks for body motion processing (2017)

Body motion delivers a wealth of socially relevant information. Yet display inversion severely impedes biological motion (BM) processing. It is largely unknown how the brain circuits for BM are affected by display inversion. As upright and upside-down point-light BM displays are similar, we addressed this issue by using ultra-high-field functional MRI (at 9.4 tesla) providing for high sensitivity and spatial resolution. Whole-brain analysis along with exploration of the temporal dynamics of the BOLD response reveals that in the left hemisphere, inverted BM activates anterior networks engaged in decision making and cognitive control, whereas readily recognizable upright BM activates posterior areas solely. In the right hemisphere, multiple networks are activated in response to upright BM as compared to scarce activation to inversion. With identical visual input with display inversion, a large-scale network in the right hemisphere is detected in perceivers who do not constantly interpret displays as shown the ‘wrong way up’. For the first time, we uncover (i) (multi)functional involvement of each region in the networks underpinning BM processing, and (ii) large-scale ensembles of regions playing in unison with distinct dynamics. The outcome sheds light on the neural circuits underlying BM processing as an essential part of the social brain.
Changes in the Contents of Oleoresin and Pungent Bioactive Principles of Jamaican Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) during Maturation (2008)

Changes in the yields of the oleoresin and content of pungent bioactive principles: [6], [8], [10] gingerols and [6] shogaol of Jamaican ginger ( Zingiber officinale) were investigated during different stages of maturity (7-9 months). Ethanolic oleoresin extracts were prepared (95%, w/w) by cold maceration of dried ginger powder, and their percentage yields were calculated (w/w). The pungent bioactive principles in the ginger oleoresin were extracted with methanol and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ginger harvested at 8 months from Bourbon, Portland had the highest oleoresin yield (8.46 +/- 0.46%). [6] Gingerol was found to be the most abundant pungent bioactive principle in all the oleoresin samples investigated, with the 9 months sample from Bourbon, Portland containing the highest level (28.94 +/- 0.39%). The content of [6] gingerols was also found to be consistently high (7-9 months) in oleoresin samples from Johnson Mountain, St. Thomas (15.12 +/- 0.39 to 16.02 +/- 0.95%). The results suggest that Bourbon in Portland may be the most ideal location for cultivating ginger for high yields and quality, however, Johnson Mountain in St. Thomas could prove to be the least restrictive location, allowing for harvesting of good quality material throughout the maturity period (7-9 months).
Linear cross talk in wave-mixing optical cross connects (2003)

Multistage cross connects with wave-mixing conversion have two essential characteristics. First, individual converters are simultaneously shared by a significant number of channels. Second, individual channels may be converted through one or more cascaded wave-mixing conversions. The combination of both design principles contributes to the degradation of the transmission performance in the networks, to the point where it may be legitimate to question the practicality of multistage wave-mixing networks. To discuss the matter, a cross-talk analysis is conducted for wave-mixing networks with feed-forward multistage structures, and 2×2 switching elements, such as multilog networks. It is found that the dominant form of cross talk is of the first-order intraband type and that such cross talk accumulates in switching elements and in wave-mixing converters. Such induced cross talk not only results in stringent component requirements both for switching elements and for demultiplexers integrated with wave-mixing converters. It also limits the scalability and cascadability of the nodes.
Electromechanical sensing of charge retention on floating electrodes (2010)

It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally, that charge on floating electrodes can be measured by its effect on the electromechanical response of an electrostatic actuator. Charged, electrostatically-floating electrodes can be used as a DC bias source or for memory storage. Charge on a floating electrode must be measured indirectly because any direct measurement (e.g. measuring the voltage of the floating electrode) would cause discharge.
The Role of Adenosine in the Regulation of Sleep (2011)

This paper presents an overview of the current knowledge about the role of adenosine in the sleep-wake regulation with a focus on adenosine in the central nervous system, regulation of adenosine levels, adenosine receptors, and manipulations of the adenosine system by the use of pharmacological and molecular biological tools. The endogenous somnogen prostaglandin (PG) D(2) increases the extracellular level of adenosine under the subarachnoid space of the basal forebrain and promotes physiological sleep. Adenosine is neither stored nor released as a classical neurotransmitter and is thought to be formed inside cells or on their surface, mostly by breakdown of adenine nucleotides. The extracellular concentration of adenosine increases in the cortex and basal forebrain during prolonged wakefulness and decreases during the sleep recovery period. Therefore, adenosine is proposed to act as a homeostatic regulator of sleep and to be a link between the humoral and neural mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation. Both the adenosine A(1) receptor (A(1)R) and A(2A)R are involved in sleep induction. The A(2A)R plays a predominant role in the somnogenic effects of PGD(2). By use of gene-manipulated mice, the arousal effect of caffeine was shown to be dependent on the A(2A)R. On the other hand, inhibition of wake-promoting neurons via the A(1)R also mediates the sleep-inducing effects of adenosine, whereas activation of A(1)R in the lateral preoptic area induces wakefulness, suggesting that A(1)R regulates the sleep-wake cycle in a site-dependent manner. The potential therapeutic applications of agonists and antagonists of these receptors in sleep disorders are briefly discussed.
In vivo Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of Field Isolates of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (1994)

The pathogenicity of 13 field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated from Georgia broiler farms from 1989 to 1992 was evaluated using the IBV and Escherichia coli mixed-infection model. Based on the clinical signs, mortality, and lesions, the isolates were classified as high, intermediate, and low in pathogenicity. The in vivo classification was compared with the serotype classification results obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The high-pathogenicity group was composed of five isolates representing three serotypes: Arkansas, Georgia variant (GAV), and Massachusetts. Isolates in the intermediate- and low-pathogenicity groups were all representatives of the Connecticut serotype, except for one isolate, which belonged to the Massachusetts serotype.
Nematic Dendrimers Based on Carbosilazane Cores (2001)

The controlled synthesis of nematic nanophase-separated materials poses an attractive synthetic challenge. The use of carbosilazane multipodes and dendrimers (such as 1) in conjunction with laterally attached mesogens allows the systematic investigation of the structure–property relationships of room-temperature nematic liquid crystals.