gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase-disparity model for vergence eye-movements (2020)

Binocular fusion requires a vergence mechanism to bring the two eyes’ images into alignment. To determine the accuracy of vergence we measured Nonius alignment under a range of viewing conditions. Specifically, we presented random-Gabor-patch (RGP) stereograms (14deg x 14 deg) for 400ms, followed 100ms later by two briefly presented (100ms) vertical Nonius lines. Participants judged the relative position of the Nonius lines to provide a psychophysical estimate of the vergence induced by the preceding RGP stereogram. The RGP stereograms consisted of vertical Gabor patches with random positions and phases, but with fixed spatial frequencies (1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 cpd). Identical arrays of patches were presented to the two eyes, except that one eye’s array could be shifted horizontally to produce binocular disparity, with either correlated or anti-correlated luminance profiles. For each spatial frequency, 38 staircases, one for each of the 19 stimulus disparities x 2 correlation conditions, were interleaved. For both correlated and anti-correlated conditions, the vergence shift first increased with stimulus disparity, reaching a maximum when disparity was 2-4 times the Gabor wavelength, and then decreased. We implemented and tested a binocular motor fusion model that assumes that vergence is driven by phase-disparity energy under a coarse-to-fine process to align the two eyes images until phase disparity is eliminated. Our modeling shows that a simple model with a single second-order phase-disparity detector with a spatial wavelength of 8-16 times the Gabor wavelength, provides a reasonable fit to both correlation conditions. Adding another second-order phase-disparity detector with a shorter spatial wavelength might significantly improve the model fits. Adding a first-order phase-disparity detector further improved the model fits significantly, providing a reasonable account of the differences between the two correlation conditions. We conclude that vergence eye movements are driven by multiple pathways at different scales, mainly by second-order phase-disparity energy.
Fast assignment of protein structures to sequences using the Intermediate Sequence Library PDB-ISL (2000)

Sequences can be submitted to the PDB-ISL servers at http://stash.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/PDB_ISL/ or http://cyrah.ebi.ac.uk:1111/Serv/PDB_ISL/ and can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/contrib/jong/PDB_+ ++ISL/ CONTACT: sat@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk and jong@ebi.ac.uk
The Bone Regenerative Effect of Chitosan Microsphere-Encapsulated Growth Hormone on Bony Consolidation in Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in a Dog Model (2004)

The purpose of this project was to study the effect of chitosan microsphere-encapsulated human growth hormone, which causes sustained release of chitosan and human growth hormone after implantation on early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis of a canine model. Forty-eight dogs were used for this study. An external distraction device was applied to the mandibular body after a vertical osteotomy, and the mandibular distraction was started 5 days after the operation at a rate of 1 mm/d up to a 10-mm distraction. The experimental group was divided into a control group (I), hyaluronic acid group (II), chitosan microsphere group (III), and chitosan microsphere-encapsulated human growth hormone group (IV). Normal saline was injected in group I. In group II, a 1-ml volume of hyaluronic acid solution was injected into the distracted area. In the group III, powder of chitosan microspheres and hGH were mixed with a 1-ml volume of hyaluronic acid to make an injectable form, and it was implanted into the distracted area. In group IV, powder of chitosan microsphere-encapsulated hGH was mixed with a 1-ml volume of hyaluronic acid. A total of 1-ml volume of the solution mix was implanted into the distracted area. Five dogs in each group (total of 20 dogs) were killed 3 weeks after completion of distraction. Twenty-eight dogs were killed at 6 weeks. Bone mineral density was 13.1% of the contralateral normal mandible at 3 weeks and 29.6% at 6 weeks in group I, 16.4% at 3 weeks and 40.4% at 6 weeks in group II, 16.6% at 3 weeks and 45.95% at 6 weeks in group III, and 29.6% at 3 weeks and 66.7% at 6 weeks in group IV. The mean three-point failure load was 16.1% in the control group, 34.7% in group II, 41.5% in group III, and 52.1% in group IV compared with the intact contralateral mandible, with statistical significance. In the histological findings, new bone was generated in all groups. In group IV, the formation of active woven bone was observed throughout the distracted area at 6 weeks. The amount of new bone formation in the distracted zone was in the order of group IV, group III, group II, and the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that chitosan microsphere-encapsulated hGH seems to be quite effective in early bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis.
Systematic Variation of Prosthetic Foot Spring Affects Center-of-Mass Mechanics and Metabolic Cost During Walking (2011)

Lower-limb amputees expend more energy to walk than non-amputees and have an elevated risk of secondary disabilities. Insufficient push-off by the prosthetic foot may be a contributing factor. We aimed to systematically study the effect of prosthetic foot mechanics on gait, to gain insight into fundamental prosthetic design principles. We varied a single parameter in isolation, the energy-storing spring in a prototype prosthetic foot, the controlled energy storage and return (CESR) foot, and observed the effect on gait. Subjects walked on the CESR foot with three different springs. We performed parallel studies on amputees and on non-amputees wearing prosthetic simulators. In both groups, spring characteristics similarly affected ankle and body center-of-mass (COM) mechanics and metabolic cost. Softer springs led to greater energy storage, energy return, and prosthetic limb COM push-off work. But metabolic energy expenditure was lowest with a spring of intermediate stiffness, suggesting biomechanical disadvantages to the softest spring despite its greater push-off. Disadvantages of the softest spring may include excessive heel displacements and COM collision losses. We also observed some differences in joint kinetics between amputees and non-amputees walking on the prototype foot. During prosthetic push-off, amputees exhibited reduced energy transfer from the prosthesis to the COM along with increased hip work, perhaps due to greater energy dissipation at the knee. Nevertheless, the results indicate that spring compliance can contribute to push-off, but with biomechanical trade-offs that limit the degree to which greater push-off might improve walking economy.
POLYETHYLENE WEAR MEASUREMENTS OF A POROUS-COATED ACETABULAR CUP: AN 18- TO 23-YEAR PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY (2018)

Introduction Durable bone fixation of uncemented porous-coated acetabular cups can be observed at a long-term, however, polyethylene (PE) wear and osteolysis may affect survivorship. Accurate wear measurements correlated with clinical data may offer unique research information of clinical interest about this highly debated issue. Objetive We assessed the clinical and radiological outcome of a single uncemented total hip replacement (THR) system after twenty years analysing polyethylene wear and the appearance of osteolysis. Materials and Methods 82 hips implanted between 1992 and 1995 were prospectively evaluated. The mean follow-up was 20.6 years (range, 18 to 23). A hemispherical porous-coated acetabular cup matched to a proximally hydroxyapatite-coated anatomic stem and a 28 mm standard PE liner, sterilised by gamma irradiation in air, was used in all hips. Radiological position and the possible appearance of loosening and osteolysis were recorded over time. Penetration of the prosthetic head into the ...
Synthesis and reactions of polymer-bound Ph3PCCO: a quick route to tenuazonic acid and other optically pure 5-substituted tetramates (2004)

Polystyrene-bound cumulated ylide Ph3PCCO was prepared on a large scale in two steps. It reacts with Grignard compounds, amines and alcohols to give immobilized acyl, amide and ester ylides, respectively. Their Wittig reactions lead to alkenes free of phosphane oxide. Optically pure 5-substituted tetramates were obtained from reactions of resin-bound Ph3PCCO with alpha-ammonium esters in one step. The mycotoxin (-)-tenuazonic acid was accordingly prepared in just three steps.
Quantitative Bioluminescent Method Appropriate for Bimodality Analysis To Improve and Follow a Syngenic Murine Model of B-Cell Lymphoma Expressing Human CD20. (2007)

Abstract The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (C2B8) has shown promising results in the clinical treatment of patients with B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (B-NHL). However, its therapeutic effect is variable whereas a better knowledge of factors affecting rituximab response could lead to improve its efficacy. It has been suggested that tumour burden could influence rituximab exposure and response in human. The lack of method to assess precisely tumour burden has however prevent to confirm such influence. Study of factors affecting antibody exposure requires bimodality analysis allowing to precise factors related to antibody from those related to tumour. We purposed to develop a quantitative method of tumour burden using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and simultaneously scintigraphic study of monoclonal antibody biodistribution and exposure (indium-111 labelled ibritumomab, 2B8). Firstly, we developed a murine model of T-lymphoma cells transduced with human CD20 cDNA (EL4-hCD20) and transfected with luciferase plasmid (EL4-hCD20-luc). C57Bl6J mice and C57Bl6J TyrC2-J mice (albino phenotype) were injected with 8.10^3 EL4-hCD20-luc lymphoma cells by i.v. route. All mice died within 30 days with liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes involvement confirmed by immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis. In order to evaluate tumour growth and dissemination, potassium luciferin (2 or 4 mg) were injected bi-weekly intra peritoneally and tumour burden was analysed using Hamamatsu® CCD imaging system. Background noises and cosmic rays, which disturb the signal of bioluminescence, were eliminated from merging image before bioluminescent activity analysis. The sensitivity of analysis was below than 10^2 El4-hCD20-luc cells and there was proportionality between bioluminescent activity and cells number from 10^3 to 10^9 cells. The use of different binning allowed the follow-up of tumour burden evolution from 9 days after inoculation until the death of mice. We validated the used of black phenotype C57Bl6J compared to C57Bl6J TyrC2-J phenotype and demonstrated that the amount of luciferin could influence tumour growth. Regions of interest were delimited by segmentation method and we developed a reliable quantification method of bioluminescence activity taking into account absorption coefficients of the cells light emitted according to their localization. Such model and quantification method makes possible the follow-up of tumour growth and monoclonal antibody efficacy and exposure studied by bimodality analysis. D.D. is supported by a grant from Région Centre.
Analysis and design of dynamic voltage regulation in multiphase buck converter (2012)

Dynamic voltage regulation (DVR) [1] is now widely used in microprocessors and system on chip (SOC) systems to reduce operational voltage under light load condition. With the aggressive motivation to reduce power consumption, the design specification of voltage transition (dv/dt) for the DVR is pushing the limit of the multiphase converter design and the component stress as well. In this paper, a novel control scheme is proposed for dealing with fast voltage positioning, i.e. upward and downward. The scenario of reverse current flowing is carefully studied based on the MOSFET parasitic model and experiment results. The stress on the HS MOSFET is also addressed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by both simulation and experiment result.
Lung cancer inhibitory activity of dietary berries and berry polyphenolics (2016)

BACKGROUND: Blueberry (BB) and black raspberry (BRB) have been shown to be chemopreventive against estrogen-mediated breast cancer in pre-clinical studies. However, therapeutic efficacy of these berries against lung cancer is not known. METHODS: In this study we investigated i) relative efficacy of individual anthocyanidins vs. respective anthocyanins, ii) relative antiproliferative activity of mixture of anthocyanidins compared to individual anthocyanidins, iii) antitumor activity of dietary BB, iv) Tumor inhibitory activity of diet supplemented with BB, alone and in combination with BRB, against lung tumor xenograft using nude mice, and finally, v) the efficacy of select polyphenolics present in BB and BRB against lung tumor xenograft. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that individual anthocyanidins (aglycones) were significantly more potent (2-3 fold lower IC 50 ) in inhibiting the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell growth vs. respective anthocyanins (glycones). Further, anthocyanidins mixture at equimolar concentrations exhibited synergistic antiproliferative activity vs. individual anthocyanidins. When tested against NSCLC (A549 and H1299) cells in nude mice, dietary BB (7.5%, w/w) showed &gt;40% reduction in tumor volume against H1299 xenografts. The maximal growth inhibition occurred with 5% BB dose, with no additional protection occurring at a higher dose (7.5%). However, somewhat lower protection was found when the BB diet initiated prior to tumor cell inoculation. The mixture of BB (5%, w/w) and BRB (2.5%) resulted in higher inhibition of tumor growth vs. BB alone (71% vs 42%). Likewise, a combination of delphinidin (bioactive of BB) and punicalagins (a bioactive of BRB, which gets converted to ellagic acid in vivo) showed higher tumor growth inhibition compared to delphinidin. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic effects of the berries and berry polyphenolics observed against lung cancer in this study are highly encouraging. Further investigation into the mechanism of action of the combinations of the berry bioactives will be valuable for clinical use of this potent natural product against lung cancer.
Strong quantum-confined stark effect in germanium quantum-well structures on silicon (2006)

A light at the end of the chip Silicon chips dominate electronics while optical fibres dominate long-distance information transfer. Recent work, in search of the best of both worlds, has led to silicon devices capable of modulating light; these show promise but still rely on weak physical mechanisms found in silicon itself. Now a team working at Stanford University and at Hewlett-Packard's Palo Alto labs has developed thin germanium ‘quantum well’ nanostructures grown on silicon that generate a strong quantum-mechanical effect capable of turning light beams on and off. Their performance rivals the best seen in any material. This development may allow silicon/germanium chips to handle both electronics and optics, uniting computing and communications at the integrated chip level.
Is the simplest chemical reaction really so simple? (2013)

Modern computational methods have become so powerful for predicting the outcome for the H + H2 → H2 + H bimolecular exchange reaction that it might seem further experiments are not needed. Nevertheless, experiments have led the way to cause theorists to look more deeply into this simplest of all chemical reactions. The findings are less simple.
Humane pluripotente Stammzellen (2011)

Die Forschung an humanen pluripotenten Stammzellen hat in den letzten Jahren – insbesondere durch die Etablierung induzierter pluripotenter Stammzellen – großen Auftrieb erfahren. Zudem zeichnen sich seit einiger Zeit Nutzungsoptionen für humane pluripotente Stammzellen ab, die über die ursprünglich angestrebte Verwendung dieser Zellen für regenerative Therapien hinausgehen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten und Probleme des Einsatzes dieser Zellen vorgestellt, wobei insbesondere auf klinische Studien mit humanen embryonalen Stammzellen, auf Einsatzmöglichkeiten bei der Entwicklung pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe und in der toxikologischen Testung sowie auf die Etablierung von Zellmodellen für Erkrankungen des Menschen eingegangen wird. Weiterhin wird die derzeitige Situation der Forschung an humanen embryonalen und induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich diskutiert.
Practical Privacy-Preserving K-means Clustering (2020)

Clustering is a common technique for data analysis, which aims to partition data into similar groups. When the data comes from different sources, it is highly desirable to maintain the privacy of each database. In this work, we study a popular clustering algorithm (K-means) and adapt it to the privacypreserving context.
LncRNA HORAS5 Promotes Taxane Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer via a BCL2A1-Dependent Mechanism (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an incurable malignancy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in drug resistance. <b>Materials & methods:</b> LncRNA <i>HORAS5</i> role in cabazitaxel resistance (i.e., cell-count, IC<sub>50</sub> and caspase activity) was studied via lentiviral-mediated overexpression and siRNA-based knockdown. Genes expression was analyzed with RNA-sequencing, reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. <i>HORAS5</i> expression was queried in clinical database. <b>Results:</b> Cabazitaxel increased <i>HORAS5</i> expression that upregulated <i>BCL2A1</i>, thereby protecting CRPC cells from cabazitaxel-induced apoptosis. <i>BCL2A1</i> knockdown decreased cell-count and increased apoptosis in CRPC cells. <i>HORAS5</i>-targeting antisense oligonucleotide decreased cabazitaxel IC<sub>50</sub>. In CRPC clinical samples, <i>HORAS5</i> expression increased upon taxane treatment. <b>Conclusion:</b><i>HORAS5</i> stimulates the expression of BCL2A1 thereby decreasing apoptosis and enhancing cabazitaxel resistance in CRPC cells.
Modulation codes for precoded partial response channels (1996)

[d, k] Modulation codes for 1/(1/spl oplus/D/sup 2/) precoded PR4 channels (PPR4) and 1/(1/spl oplus/D/spl oplus/D/sup 2//spl oplus/D/sup 3/) precoded EPR4 channels (PEPR4) are proposed in this paper. They differ from conventional (d, k) constrained codes in the sense that they provide PPR with a direct control over separation between transitions during writing and the number of consecutive zero-samples during reading. Their Finite State Machines (FSM), which have the same Shannon Capacity as their counterparts of (d, k) codes, are constructed. For comparison with the 2/3 (1;7) code, a 2/3 [1, 6] code for PPR4 and a 2/3 [1, 5] code for PEPR4 are designed. They have a 5-state encoder and 8-bit decoding window, and an 8-state encoder and 9-bit decoding window, respectively. Their power spectra are calculated. As an example, error rate performances of (1, 7) PR4ML, (1, 7) PPR4ML, and [1, 6] PPR4ML are simulated under the Lorentzian model with both medium and electronic noises at various channel recording density. The result shows that the [1, 6] PPR4ML outperforms both the (1, 7) PR4ML and the (1, 7) PPR4ML consistently. More importantly, the [d, k] precoded PR (PPR) prevents error propagation which (1, 7) PR may suffer from, and deals with non-linearity more effectively than (1, 7) PPR. The technique presented in this paper is applicable to other extended PPR or precoded generalized PR (PGPR).
Organic field-effect transistor-based biosensors functionalized with protein receptors (2010)

An organic field-effect transistor with integrated proteins (Bio-FET) for sensing of sulfate ions is presented. A sulfate receptor was engineered to contain a thiol group for surface-anchoring without affecting its binding activity. The modified receptor was covalently coupled to a maleimide-functionalized polystyrene layer, and integrated as gate dielectric in a dual-gate transducer. The binding of sulfate ions in dry conditions was detected by a shift in the threshold voltage. Combined with surface density measurements by atomic force microscopy , an effective charge of −1.7q per protein was found, as expected from the Bio-FET operation model.
Explicit Reformulation of the Colebrook−White Equation for Turbulent Flow Friction Factor Calculation (2007)

In this paper, we present an improvement of a mathematically equivalent representation of the Colebrook−White (CW) equation to compute friction factors for turbulent flow in rough pipes. This new form is simple and very well-suited for accurately estimating the friction factor, because no iterative calculations are necessary. Specifically, the friction factor is expressed as the sum of known simple functions and an unknown correction term. This correction term satisfies an auxiliary equation that can be accurately and easily solved with predictable error bounds over the complete range of pipe roughness and Reynolds number values encountered in practice. The simplest case, with the unknown correction term set to zero, resulted in friction factor estimates with errors of <1%. A simple linear approximation of the correction term resulted in a maximum error of 3.64 × 10-4%, whereas friction factor estimates from a continued-fractions-based approximation had a maximum error of 1.04 × 10-10%. These maximum errors are significantly lower than any of the explicit approximations that have been proposed to date for the CW equation. The equation presented in this study is entirely theoretical and eliminates the need for best-fit parameters or complicated initial guesses that are an integral component of the various other approximations proposed to date. The simplicity with which this new equation can be solved, coupled with its smooth and predictable error behavior, should make it the method of choice for estimating turbulent flow friction factor in rough pipes.
Top-K Confidence Map Aggregation for Robust Semantic Segmentation Against Unexpected Degradation (2023)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the mainstream for computer vision tasks like semantic segmentation. The CNNs have substantially improved the performance of semantic segmentation. The implicit assumption for those CNN approaches is that the input image is clean without any image degradation. In an actual situation, however, the input image contains many unexpected image degradations such as noise, blur, or compression distortion. The performance of the conventional CNN approach is severely degraded by those unexpected image degradations. This paper presents a simple framework that makes the semantic segmentation algorithms robust against image degradation without re-training the original semantic segmentation CNN. Our key observation is that the down-sampled image is less sensitive to various types of degradation than the original-sized image. Therefore, we adopt a multi-scale test time augmentation (TTA). In the multi-scale TTA, the input image is firstly down-sampled with multiple scales. Then, inferred confidence maps are aggregated to obtain the final inference result. We also propose a top-K confidence map aggregation to further performance improvement. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework is more robust than existing methods for images with degradations and a real compressed video with H.264.