gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation Structures for the Solid-State Quantum-to-Classical Interface (2001)

Solid-state qubits confront a much higher density of states than atomic-scale systems. This is deleterious for quantum information processing. We analyze various superconducting structures for isolating qubit circuits to increase their coherence time.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a new additional modality in the assessment of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (2017)

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by functional abnormalities of the cilia, leading to chronic airway infection and remodeling. Lung function tests like inert gas washout measurements detect ventilation inhomogeneity, but cannot determine its origin. Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as Matrix Pencil (MP) decomposition MRI can visualize functional changes in the lung without the administration of contrast agents and the need for breathing maneuvers. This study investigates the correlation between functional and morphological MRI and lung function indices in patients with PCD. Thirty-one patients with PCD (mean age 13.5 years, range 5–28) underwent MRI and lung function tests on the same day. Functional MP-MRI provided semi-quantitative measures of the perfusion (RQ) and ventilation (RFV) impairment as percentages of the affected lung volume. Morphological MRI was evaluated using a score derived from cystic fibrosis. Lung function tests provided information about global (lung clearance index, LCI) ventilation inhomogeneity. Both MRI and inert gas washout measurements detected functional impairment in PCD: RFV ranged from 11% to 29% and RQ ranged from 9% to 28%. RFV and RQ moderately correlated with LCI (r=0.4, p=0.04; r=0.4, p=0.03, respectively). Total morphology scores strongly correlated with LCI (r=0.6, p&lt;0.001). Functional MP-MRI is a novel, sensitive and non-invasive method to detect and visualize perfusion and ventilation abnormalities. For the first time we could show a correlation between a lung function test and a functional and structural MRI in patients with PCD.
Type-II GaSb/InAlAs quantum dots grown on InP (001) substrate by droplet epitaxy (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The GaSb quantum dots (QDs) with type II band alignment have attracted great attention recently. They are predicted to be optimizing active region materials for achieving high efficient intermediate-band solar cells and for obtaining ultra-long storage time for memory cells. In this research, GaSb QDs sandwiched inside InAlAs matrix lattice-matched to InP (001) substrate have been obtained via droplet epitaxy. The droplet epitaxy enable us to achieve low density (~2.6 x 10^9/cm^2) and large size (average height ~6.5nm) for the QDs while the lattice mismatch between the GaSb and InAlAs matrix is only ~4%. PL measurements reveal a type-II band alignment for these GaSb/InAlAs/InP QDs. The PL peak energy of QDs shows a blue-shift of &gt;100 meV when the laser intensity increases by six orders of magnitude. Time-resolved PL measurements further confirm the type-II band alignment for the QDs by showing a maximum carrier lifetime of ~4.5 ns. The abnormal dependence of peak energy of QD PL band on the temperature in together with the special PL decay curve indicate that these GaSb/InAlAs QDs likely have different physics mechanism from common GaSb/GaAs type-II QDs. This study provide useful information for understanding the band structure and carrier dynamics of the GaSb/InAlAs QDs grown on InP surface.
Nonlinear Signal Estimation Using Semi-Blind Mutually Referenced Equalizers in Convolutive Mixture (2023)

Nonlinearity is a common source of signal and channel distortion in digital communication. In many circumstances, such distortions must be compensated by equalization algorithms or devices. This paper presents a semi-blind equalization method for nonlinear multichannel signal recovery in convolutive mixtures. The proposed work takes into account quadratic nonlinearities and applies the mutually referenced equalization (MRE) approach to estimate the equalizer as well as estimate the transmitted signal from the nonlinear convolutive mixture. The proposed semi-blind model combines both data and pilots in addition to the MRE technique to develop a cost function that provides an equalization solution. The proposed technique has various advantages, including robustness to channel order misspecification, implementational simplicity, and provides a single solution for several equalization delays. The simulation results show that the proposed technique has intriguing performance features with robustness to low SNR.
ChemInform Abstract: VERALLGEMEINERTE ORBITALBESCHREIBUNG DER RK. KLEINER MOLEKUELE (1972)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß im Gegensatz zu der üblichen Hartree‐Fock‐Methode die verallgemeinerte Valenzbindungsmethode (generalized valenz‐bond method GVB) zu einer sachgemäßen Beschreibung des Aufbrechens einer Bindung führt.
Development of LNG/Oxygen Fueled Can Type Gas Turbine Combustor (2002)

This paper reports on the development of methane-oxygen combustor by combustion test at atmospheric pressure. The test result shows good performance of the developed coaxial jet nozzle burner, the combustion efficiency is over 99% at near stoichiometric condition.
The αvβ6 integrin in cancer cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles enhances angiogenesis (2020)

ABSTRACT Prostate cancer (PrCa) cells crosstalk with the tumour microenvironment by releasing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). sEVs, as well as large extracellular vesicles (LEVs), isolated via iodixanol density gradients from PrCa cell culture media, express the epithelial‐specific αvβ6 integrin, which is known to be induced in cancer. In this study, we show sEV‐mediated protein transfer of αvβ6 integrin to microvascular endothelial cells (human microvascular endothelial cells 1 – HMEC1); we demonstrate that de novo αvβ6 integrin expression is not caused by increased mRNA levels. Incubation of HMEC1 with sEVs isolated from PrCa PC3 cells that express the αvβ6 integrin results in a highly significant increase in the number of nodes, junctions and tubules. In contrast, incubation of HMEC1 with sEVs isolated from β6 negative PC3 cells, generated by shRNA against β6, results in a reduction in the number of nodes, junctions and tubules, a decrease in survivin levels and an increase in a negative regulator of angiogenesis, pSTAT1. Furthermore, treatment of HMEC1 with sEVs generated by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated down‐regulation of β6, causes up‐regulation of pSTAT1. Overall, our findings suggest that αvβ6 integrin in cancer sEVs regulates angiogenesis during PrCa progression.
A 10-bit 110 kS/s 1.16 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{W}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> SA-ADC With a Hybrid Differential/Single-Ended DAC in 180-nm CMOS for Multichannel Biomedical Applications (2014)

A 10-bit 110-kS/s successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for multichannel biomedical applications is presented. In order to achieve low-power operation, the ADC utilizes a reduced-speed dynamic comparator, a low-complexity calibration technique, a hybrid single/differential digital-to-analog converter architecture, and an attenuation capacitor with low sensitivity to mismatch errors. Fabricated in 180-nm CMOS, this ADC consumes a total power of 1.16 μW from 1.5 V/1.2 V analog/digital power supplies. The integral nonlinearity is between -1.23 LSB and 1.19 LSB, whereas the differential nonlinearity is between -0.71 LSB and 0.92 LSB. The ADC signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio and spurious-free dynamic range are 56.1 and 67 dB with a 39.5-kHz sinusoid input, respectively. The ADC figure-of-merit is of 20 fJ per conversion step, which is very competitive, as compared with state-of-the-art ADCs in similar 180-nm CMOS technologies.
Cytokines and inflammatory mediators: 25. Certolizumab Pegol has a Different Profile from the other Anti-TNFS, Including Golimumab, in a Variety of in Vitro Assays (2011)

Background: Activities of the anti-TNFs, certolizumab pegol (CZP), etanercept (ETA), infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA), have been compared in a range of in vitro assays. CZP is the only licensed PEGylated Fab’ anti-TNF; ETA is a fusion protein with an IgG1 Fc, and IFX and ADA are both antibodies with an IgG1 Fc. Golimumab (GLM) is a monoclonal IgG1 TNF inhibitor recently approved for a number of indications; it is thus of interest to assess the in vitro activity of GLM. In vitro assays previously used were neutralisation of TNF in the L929 bioassay, inhibition of LPS-driven cytokine production by monocytes, induction of apoptosis in activated lymphocytes and monocytes, and induction of neutrophil necrosis. Methods: Neutralisation of human TNF was assessed in the L929 bioassay using a range of concentrations of the anti-TNFs and a fixed concentration of TNF (100 pg/mL). Activity of the anti-TNFs at inhibiting LPS-driven IL-1β secretion by monocytes was assessed by incubating peripheral blood monocytes with various concentrations of the anti-TNF for 1 hour (hr) and then washing the cells. LPS was added for 4 hrs, the supernatants collected and the IL-1β level measured by ELISA. To assess induction of apoptosis, peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated for 2 days with 2 μg/mL CD3/CD28 and monocytes with 300 U/mL IL-4 and GMCSF for 3 days. The effect of the anti-TNFs on apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V staining using flow cytometry 24 hrs later. The effect of the anti-TNFs on neutrophil necrosis was determined by measuring myeloperoxidase release after 12 hrs. An isotype-matched control was used in all assays except the L929 bioassay. Results: IC90 neutralisation activity of the anti-TNFs in the L929 bioassay was 0.3 ng/mL for ETA, 4 ng/mL for GLM, 15 ng/mL for ADA, and 20 ng/mL for IFX, compared with 2.5 ng/mL for CZP. CZP was the most potent inhibitor of LPS-driven IL-1β secretion (IC50 ∼0.1 ng/mL), followed by GLM (20 ng/mL) and IFX (50 ng/mL). GLM, ADA, IFX and ETA induced apoptosis of monocytes and lymphocytes to a similar degree reaching a level of 23% and ∼40% at 100 μg/mL, respectively. CZP caused no increase in apoptosis above the levels seen with the isotype-matched control. In the neutrophil necrosis assay, ADA,IFX and GLM caused ∼70% necrosis at 100 μg/mL, and ETA 48%. CZP did not increase the level of necrosis above the level of the control. Conclusions: Bioactivity of the IgG1 molecules GLM, IFX and ADA in neutralising human TNF was inferior to that of CZP and ETA. CZP, the only PEGylated anti-TNF, had a different profile to the other anti-TNFs as it was the most potent at inhibiting LPS-driven IL-1β production by monocytes, did not induce apoptosis of activated monocytes and lymphocytes, and did not cause neutrophil necrosis. The clinical relevance of these in vitro effects is unknown. Nevertheless, these assays show interesting in vitro differences between the anti-TNFs. Disclosure statement: G.F. and A.N. are employees of UCB.
An overview of potassium channel activators for the treatment of overactive bladder: a survey of new structures 2000 – 2005 (2006)

For over 25 years, the muscarinic receptor antagonists have been the first-line treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). However, severe dry mouth and exacerbation of disease symptoms with prolonged use can result in compliance rates as low as 30%. Approximately 10 years ago, investigators began to look for alternative approaches to the treatment of overactive bladder. In the recent past, it was demonstrated that ATP-dependent potassium channel openers designed as antihypertensive agents inhibited the hyperactivity associated with the symptoms of overactive bladder. Newer agents targeting other bladder potassium channels and/or bladder-specific channel subtypes represent an exciting new frontier for the effective treatment of OAB, with the potential of having an improved side effect profile compared to the antimuscarinic agents. In this review the authors examine the patent literature surrounding the discovery and development of several novel classes of compounds targeting the various potassium channels associated with urinary bladder activity and excitability. When appropriate, the primary literature is also touched upon to highlight pertinent structure–activity relationships (SAR) associated with these newly disclosed chemotypes.
Addressing Deep Indoor Coverage in Narrowband-5G (2017)

Ubiquitous connectivity is a common requirement of many services considered in Fifth Generation (5G) communication systems. However providing network coverage or wireless connectivity becomes very challenging in deep-indoor scenarios such as underground parking lots where the total channel loss can easily exceed the maximum coupling loss (MCL) of the communication technology. Particularly, new use-cases for machine type communications (MTC) in 5G pertaining to the automotive and utilities sectors demand deep coverage and ubiquitous connectivity without the need of deploying costly new infrastructure. We motivate the importance of deep coverage by conducting a representative site-specific realistic coverage analysis using ray tracing. The results show that existing cellular-based coverage-optimized technologies cannot achieve ubiquitous coverage in deep indoor/underground areas and highlight the need for dynamic multi-hop relaying in 5G MTC.
An alternative membrane topology permits lipid droplet localization of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (2018)

Abstract Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (Far1) is an ubiquitously expressed peroxisomal membrane protein generating fatty alcohols required for the biosynthesis of ether lipids. Lipid droplet localization of human Far1 was observed by fluorescence microscopy under conditions of increased triglyceride synthesis in tissue culture cells. This unexpected finding was supported further by correlative light electron microscopy and subcellular fractionation. Selective permeabilization and N-glycosylation tagging suggest that Far1 is able to assume two different membrane topologies, differing in the orientation of the short hydrophilic C-terminus towards the lumen or the cytosol, respectively. Two closely spaced hydrophobic domains are contained within the C-terminal region. When analyzed separately, the second domain was sufficient for the localization of a fluorescent reporter to lipid droplets. Targeting of Far1 to lipid droplets was not impaired in either pex19 or TRC40/ASNA1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that Far1 is a novel member of the rather exclusive group of dual topology membrane proteins. At the same time, Far1 shows lipid metabolism-dependent differential subcellular localizations to peroxisomes and lipid droplets.
Joint sound localization and orientation estimation (2003)

This paper proposes a microphone array fi- sion technique for the joint estimation of a speaker's posi- tion and orientation. By accounting for the directivity re- sponses of the source and the microphones, as well as the source-microphone distances, a maximum likelihood esti- mate of position and orientation is derived. Simulations show that, with a Gaussian source, a root-mean-square er- ror (RMSE) of Om in sound localization and less than 10 in orientation are obtained at SNRs as low as -10 dB. Using a speech source, the localization RMSE is less than 0.25m and the orientation RMSE is less than lo, at 0 dB SNR, which are sign$cant improvements over prior work.
DETERMINISTIC RADIATION TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING APPLICATIONS (2009)

Monte Carlo methods have been established along the time as the gold standard for computer simulations in the medical physics community. Depending on the problem and user‟s needs, deterministic radiation transport simulations may provide a more detailed and faster solution. In this work we investigate the possibility of using deterministic radiation transport simulations as a viable and more convenient tool for real clinical applications. Therefore, the discrete ordinates PENTRAN code is used to calculate average organ doses in voxelized human phantoms and the results are compared with state-of-the-art MCNP5 Monte Carlo simulations in the diagnostic energy range (50-140 keV). Generally, good agreement for the average organ scalar fluxes, less than 6% difference, is obtained provided adequate quadrature order, mesh size and energy group structure is used in the deterministic calculations. The energy group structure, particularly for the diagnostic energy range, has a major impact on the deterministic solution for the average organ doses since the interaction and mass energy absorption coefficients are highly energy dependent in the diagnostic range. Though an optimization of the group structure is possible, it is problem (namely x-ray source spectrum) and organ dependent, which impose serious limitations of the deterministic solution for practical application in diagnostic medical physics.
Aberrant cell state plasticity mediated by developmental reprogramming precedes colorectal cancer initiation (2023)

Cell state plasticity is carefully regulated in adult epithelia to prevent cancer. The aberrant expansion of the normally restricted capability for cell state plasticity in neoplasia is poorly defined. Using genetically engineered and carcinogen-induced mouse models of intestinal neoplasia, we observed that impaired differentiation is a conserved event preceding cancer development. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of premalignant lesions from mouse models and a patient with hereditary polyposis revealed that cancer initiates by adopting an aberrant transcriptional state characterized by regenerative activity, marked by <i>Ly6a</i> (Sca-1), and reactivation of fetal intestinal genes, including <i>Tacstd2</i> (Trop2). Genetic inactivation of Sox9 prevented adenoma formation, obstructed the emergence of regenerative and fetal programs, and restored multilineage differentiation by scRNA-seq. Expanded chromatin accessibility at regeneration and fetal genes upon Apc inactivation was reduced by concomitant Sox9 suppression. These studies indicate that aberrant cell state plasticity mediated by unabated regenerative activity and developmental reprogramming precedes cancer development.
Low dispersion penalty at 10 Gb/s, over 75 km, using a quantum-well-intermixed electroabsorption-modulator/widely-tunable laser transmitter (2004)

Abstract: 1OGb/s low power penalty (&amp;lt;0.5 dB) error-free transmission was achieved through 75km using a high-performance widely-tunable EAM/laser transmitter operating under negative c h q conditions. An integration-oriented quantum-well-intermixing process was employed for the realization of these devices. a2004 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (140.5960) Semiconductor lasers; (140.3600) Lasers, tunable; (250.5300) Photonic Integrated Circuits
Unidirectional operation of quantum-dot ring lasers (2005)

First monolithically integrated ridge-waveguide InAs/InGaAs quantum-dot ring lasers are fabricated and characterized. Enhanced by a forward biased S-section waveguide, stable traveling-wave (unidirectional) operation with record suppression ratio of counterpropagating waves approaching 30 dB is demonstrated.
A Novel Organometallic Synthesis of Highly Luminescent CdTe Nanocrystals (2001)

Highly luminescent CdTe nanocrystals were synthesized by reacting dimethylcadmium with different tellurium sources in mixtures of dodecylamine and trioctylphosphine as the coordinating and size-regulating solvent. Colloids of crystalline CdTe nanoparticles with zinc blende lattice displaying mean particle sizes between 2.5 and 7 nm were prepared at temperatures from 150 to 220 °C and were characterized by powder XRD, HRTEM, absorption, and luminescence spectroscopy. The particles show strong band-edge photoluminescence shifting from green to red with increasing particle size. The photoluminescence quantum yield was found to strongly depend on the tellurium source employed in the synthesis. The highest quantum yields were observed by using a suspension of tellurium powder in a mixture of dodecylamine and trioctylphosphine. These CdTe samples show a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 65% at room temperature without covering the surface of the nanoparticles with a passivating inorganic shell. If a solution of tellurium in TOP rather than tellurium powder is used, higher reaction yields but nanoparticles with lower quantum yields (about 35−50%) are the result. As-prepared colloids show rather narrow particle size distributions, although all reactants were mixed at low temperature. The size distributions can be further improved by standard size selective precipitation.
Requirement of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Apoptosis of MCF-7 Human Breast Carcinoma Cells Induced by Sanguinarine (2007)

Although sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, possesses anti-cancer properties against several cancer cell lines, the molecular mechanisms by which it inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis have not been clearly understood. In order to further explore the critical events leading to apoptosis in sanguinarine-treated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells, the following effects of sanguinarine on components of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were examined: generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the expression changes of Bcl-2 family proteins. We show that sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is accompanied by the generation of intracellular ROS and disruption of MMP as well as an increase in pro-apoptotic Bax expression and a decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. The quenching of ROS generation with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, the ROS scavenger, protected the sanguinarine-elicited ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, and apoptosis. Based on these results, we propose that the cellular ROS generation plays a pivotal role in the initiation of sanguinarine-triggered apoptotic death.
Interleukin-3 Promotes the Expression of E-NPP3/CD203C on Human Blood Basophils in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Birch Pollen Allergy (2007)

We recently identified the ectoenzyme CD203c as a novel basophil activation antigen that is upregulated in response to FcepsilonRI cross-linkage. We investigated the effects of various interleukins (ILs) on expression of CD203c on blood basophils using an antibody against CD203c and flow cytometry. Of all cytokines tested, only IL-3 was found to upregulate expression of CD203c on basophils above baseline levels. The effects of IL-3 were dose- and time-dependent (EC(50): 0.1-1 ng/ml) without differences observed between healthy and allergic donors. Whereas anti-IgE induced maximum upregulation of CD203c within 15 minutes, the IL-3-induced upregulation showed a maximum after 180 minutes. IgE-receptor cross-linking resulted in enhanced expression of both CD63 and CD203c, whereas IL-3 enhanced the levels of CD203c without promoting expression of CD63. The IL-3-induced upregulation of CD203c was also observed in highly enriched basophils and was counteracted by a blocking antibody against the alpha chain of the IL-3 receptor (CD123). The IL-3-induced upregulation of CD203c was also found to depend on the presence of calcium. To analyze signaling pathways involved in IL-3-induced upregulation of CD203c, pharmacologic inhibitors were applied. The PI3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002 counteracted the IL-3-induced expression of CD203c, whereas MEK- and PKC inhibitors showed no effects. In conclusion, IL-3 upregulates expression of CD203c on basophils through a specific receptor and via a PI3-kinase-dependent signaling-pathway. Compared to FcepsilonRI-mediated cell activation, IL-3-induced upregulation of CD203c is a late(r) event and is not accompanied by upregulation of CD63.