gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectra and Magnetic Property Analysis of Nd-Doped ZnO Thin Films (2013)

The present investigation is a detailed study aiming to understand the origin of the ferromagnetism of the well-characterized Nd-doped ZnO films. Raman scattering shows that the E 2 high phonon line of Zn 1- x Nd x O ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) is broadened asymmetrically and shifts to a lower frequency, suggesting microscopic structural disorder induced by Nd 3+ substitutions. Zn 1- x Nd x O films exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature higher than 350 K. In addition, the films revealed magnetic anisotropy with higher magnetization in 3 kOe when the field was applied in the perpendicular direction to the sample surface than when applied in an in-plane direction.
Viewing Visual Analytics as Model Building (2018)

Abstract To complement the currently existing definitions and conceptual frameworks of visual analytics, which focus mainly on activities performed by analysts and types of techniques they use, we attempt to define the expected results of these activities. We argue that the main goal of doing visual analytics is to build a mental and/or formal model of a certain piece of reality reflected in data. The purpose of the model may be to understand, to forecast or to control this piece of reality. Based on this model‐building perspective, we propose a detailed conceptual framework in which the visual analytics process is considered as a goal‐oriented workflow producing a model as a result. We demonstrate how this framework can be used for performing an analytical survey of the visual analytics research field and identifying the directions and areas where further research is needed.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses of the cell surface of lung cancer reveals candidate biomarkers of disease and therapeutic response (2006)

A114 Introduction:Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. With a 5-year survival rate of 15%, there is a clear need for improved lung cancer therapeutics and diagnostic biomarkers to guide patient treatment options. Towards this end, we have performed mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of lung cancer cell lines and fresh lung tumors together with normal tissue samples for comparison. Analysis focused on the cell surface proteome to identify both therapeutic antibody targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Methodology: To reduce complexity for MS and to enrich for the plasma membrane proteome, a sequential process was incorporated including isolation of viable cells from fresh tissues, enrichment of epithelial cells, capture of plasma membrane proteins, and capture of cysteine tryptic peptides. Peptide ions were identified by liquid chromatography-MS analysis followed by MS/MS analysis and the MS/MS spectra searched against protein databases.Results: Greater than 450 cell surface and secreted proteins were identified as at least 4 fold over-expressed in lung cancer which included known cancer-related proteins such as EGFR, CD44, and CEACAM1. Functional family classification indicated approximately 20% were cell adhesion proteins, 15% were kinase/receptor proteins, and 10% transporter proteins. Correlating MS data with clinical information allowed for evaluation of protein expression across disease staging and histological type. IHC and flow cytometry (FACS) on a subset of targets validated over-expression in lung cancer and expanded the expression profile in lung cancer and other cancers. Additionally, we have utilized the lung cancer cell surface proteome data to identify candidate predictive markers of response in cancer cell lines with varying sensitivity to lung cancer chemotherapeutics and targeted kinase inhibitors. Where feasible, we confirmed differential expression by FACS and examined expression in lung tumors by MS.Conclusions: MS analysis of lung tumors and cancer cell lines revealed more than 450 over-expressed cell surface/secreted proteins which, in association with clinical data, could assist with disease classification. We have utilized MS to demonstrate differential expression of cell surface proteins in lung cancer cell lines displaying varying sensitivities to chemotherapeutics. The results from this study demonstrate that MS Proteomics can be an effective platform for identifying both candidate biomarkers of disease and predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response.
A generic process of growing aligned carbon nanotube arrays on metals and metal alloys (2007)

Aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are integral towards the development of several applications such as field emission, interconnects in silicon technology, and chemical and biological sensing. Even though the synthesis of CNTs has been described extensively in the literature, there has not been significant success in growing uniform, well-aligned CNT arrays on pure metal surfaces other than metals that catalyse CNT growth themselves. In this paper, we describe a method of growing aligned CNT arrays on a variety of pure metals, metal alloys, and conductive ceramics using a bimetallic iron/alumina composite catalyst at low temperatures (550 to 700 °C). We believe that the addition of alumina to the iron catalyst significantly reduces catalyst–metal underlayer interactions that have traditionally proven to be a barrier for the growth of CNTs on metals. The alumina also minimizes surface diffusion of iron and allows the formation of a high density of uniformly dispersed catalyst nanoparticles to act as nucleation sites for well-aligned CNT arrays. Despite the presence of non-conducting alumina from the catalyst, the contact resistance between the CNTs and the metal underlayer was observed to be quite low, emphasizing the usefulness of this approach to practical applications. Our process was successful in growing aligned CNTs even on commercial steel plates and may be applicable for substrates of any shape or size.
Multifunctional potentiometric gas sensor array with an integrated temperature control and temperature sensors (2023)

Embodiments of the subject invention relate to a gas sensor and method for sensing one or more gases. An embodiment incorporates an array of sensing electrodes maintained at similar or different temperatures, such that the sensitivity and species selectivity of the device can be fine tuned between different pairs of sensing electrodes. A specific embodiment pertains to a gas sensor array for monitoring combustion exhausts and/or chemical reaction byproducts. An embodiment of the subject device related to this invention operates at high temperatures and can withstand harsh chemical environments. Embodiments of the device are made on a single substrate. The devices can also be made on individual substrates and monitored individually as if they were part of an array on a single substrate. The device can incorporate sensing electrodes in the same environment, which allows the electrodes to be coplanar and, thus, keep manufacturing costs low. Embodiments of the device can provide improvements to sensitivity, selectivity, and signal interference via surface temperature control.
Short-term ocular dominance plasticity: no role for color? (2016)

Temporarily depriving one eye of its input, in whole or in part, may result in transient changes in ocular dominance and contrast detection thresholds, with the patched eye becoming stronger and more sensitive and the unpatched eye weaker and less sensitive. Here we address two distinct questions about the role of color vision in these plastic changes. First, we ask whether the target effects of eye deprivation are selective or broadband, for example, whether changes in ocular dominance differentially affect stimuli defined by achromatic as opposed to color contrast. Second, we determine the selectivity of the process driving the inter-ocular plastic changes, asking whether chromatic contrast, in comparison to achromatic contrast, is effective in changing ocular dominance. In experiments 1 and 2, we compare the effects of generalized deprivation on chromatic and achromatic test stimuli, using a translucent occluder over one eye for 2.5-hours. This produced changes in ocular dominance, measured using a dichoptic phase combination paradigm (Zhou et al., 2013, J. Vision, 13(12)), and changes in contrast thresholds that are similar in magnitude and time course for chromatic and achromatic test stimuli. In experiments 3 and 4, we use a dichoptic movie-viewing paradigm (Zhou et al., 2014, Proc. Biol. Sci., 281) to investigate the role of color versus achromatic contrast in driving these effects. We show that a color contrast imbalance between the eyes (uni-ocular chromatic deprivation) is not sufficient to produce changes in ocular dominance for chromatic test stimuli. However, an achromatic imbalance with no chromatic imbalance (uni-ocular achromatic deprivation) causes a generalized change in ocular dominance that affects both chromatic and achromatic test stimuli similarly. We conclude that an interocular imbalance in achromatic contrast, and not chromatic contrast, drives plastic changes in ocular dominance, however, these changes apply unselectively to both chromatic and achromatic responses. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
Multiple pathways are involved in the extracellular processing of MHC class I-restricted peptides. (1993)

T cell stimulation by certain class I-restricted antigenic peptides, such as the HIV 1 gp160-derived peptide, P18, requires peptide processing by angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) in FCS. We observed that longer versions of P18 and the murine cytomegalovirus pp89-derived core peptide, pMCMV, which could stimulate T cell hybridomas in FCS, were not as sensitive to the ACE inhibitor captopril as P18. Using cell-free soluble murine class I MHC molecules and protease inhibitors, we found that there are pathways of differing efficiency that use enzymes other than ACE for the proteolytic processing of peptides in serum. The kinetics of the generation of T cell stimulatory activity among P18 variant peptides in serum differed with peptide length, and with the nature of amino and COOH-terminal extensions. Such processing occurs in human plasma as well as in FCS. The understanding of this processing, its kinetics, and its inhibitors can lead to better design of peptide-based therapies, including vaccines.
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin discontinuation followed by hepatitis B virus vaccination: A new strategy in the prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation (2000)

It is widely agreed that hepatitis B virus immunoglobulin (HBIG) should be administered for at least 12 months to patients transplanted for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases to prevent HBV recurrence. No data are available, however, on how long this treatment should be used, and most centers currently administer HBIG on a life-long basis. Herein, we report the results of a new prophylactic strategy aiming at the discontinuation of HBIG treatment and consisting of the administration of double dose recombinant HBV vaccine (0, 1-, and 6-month schedule) to liver transplant recipients fulfilling the following criteria: (1) liver transplantation for conditions related to nonreplicative HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive, hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg] negative, and HBV DNA negative); (2) at least 18 months of HBIG administration; and (3) no HBV infection recurrence, normal or slightly altered liver graft function, and low-grade immunosuppression at the time of vaccination. Seventeen patients received HBV vaccination and 14 of them (82%) developed protective serum titers of anti-HBs (>10 IU/L). Six patients seroconverted after a first course of vaccination, whereas 8 patients required a second course (3 additional doses of vaccine). Responding patients were followed for a median of 14 months (range, 3-50) after seroconversion. During this period no HBV recurrence occurred and in only 2 patients a decrease of anti-HBs titers below 10 UI/L was observed. Our data suggest that in selected liver transplant recipients, posttransplantation HBV vaccination may be a useful and cost-effective strategy in the prophylaxis of HBV recurrence, allowing the discontinuation of life-long HBIG treatment.
Controlling Light Emission in Luminescent Solar Concentrators Through Use of Dye Molecules Aligned in a Planar Manner by Liquid Crystals (2009)

Abstract A luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is a potential low‐cost enhancement of the standard large‐area silicon photovoltaic panels for the generation of electricity from sunlight. In this work, guest–host systems are investigated using anisotropic fluorescent dyes and liquid crystal mesogens to control the direction of emitted light in the LSC. It is determined that up to 30% more light is emitted from the edge of an LSC waveguide with planar dye alignment parallel to the alignment direction than from any edge of an LSC with no alignment (isotropic). The aligned samples continue to show dichroic performance after additions of both edge mirrors and rear scattering layer.
ChemInform Abstract: The Unexpected Formation of 3,4,7,8‐Tetramethyl‐1,2,5,6‐ tetrahydrodicyclobuta(a,e)cyclooctene from a Zirconacyclopentadiene. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel latent initiator for cationic polymerizations of epoxides: Composite catalysts containing aluminum complexes phase‐separated in epoxides (2001)

Abstract A novel latent initiator for cationic polymerizations of epoxides heterogeneous aluminum complex/phenol initiator (HAP) is reported. Phase transitions are newly employed for realizing the latent property. The initiator consists of 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and aluminum tris(alkyl acetoacetate), with the alkyl group containing more than 18 carbons. The composite initiator is phase‐separated and dispersed uniformly in epoxy resins at room temperature. When the mixture is heated to a temperature greater than 70°C, the composite initiator makes clear mixtures with epoxy resins because of the phase change in the aluminum complexes. Homogeneous epoxy resins containing these composite initiators are ready for various types of processing, including impregnation and injection. Gelation occurs rapidly at temperatures greater than 100°C. The phase change in the initiator makes it possible for the epoxy compounds to have a long storage stability at room temperature and a high curing speed at greater than 100°C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1046–1053, 2002
Quantitative analysis of multichromatic moire effects in the superposition of coloured periodic layers (1997)

Abstract In the present article we give a full quantitative analysis of the multichromatic moiré effects in the superposition of coloured periodic layers, which is based both on the Fourier theory and on the theory of colorimetry and colour vision. This is done by introducing both into the image domain and into the Fourier frequency domain a new dimension λ, representing the visible light wavelengths. In the image domain we represent each layer by the chromatic reflectance (or transmittance) function r(x, y; λ), which is a generalization of the reflectance (or transmittance) function r(x,y) in the monochromatic case. Consequently, in the Fourier spectral domain each impulse amplitude becomes a function of λ. All the results previously obtained by our Fourier-based approach in the monochromatic case remain valid in the multichromatic case, too, for every wavelength λ separately. This enables us to find, for every point (x,y) of any given moiré, the full colour spectrum {r(x,y; λ) | 380 ≤ λ ≤ 750} which expresses the visible colour at the point (x,y) of the moiré in question. We illustrate the discussion by several multichromatic superpositions, some of which showing very spectacular, colourful moiré effects.
Therapeutic Vaccination against Murine Lymphoma by Intratumoral Injection of Recombinant Fowlpox Virus Encoding CD40 Ligand (2007)

The interaction between CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) and its receptor CD40 on antigen-presenting cells is essential for the initiation of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Malignant B cells also express CD40 and respond to CD40L by enhancing expression of costimulatory molecules. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic antitumor effect of intratumoral administration of recombinant fowlpox virus encoding murine CD40L (rF-mCD40L) in a murine B-cell lymphoma model. BALB/c mice with established s.c. and widely metastatic A20 lymphoma tumors were treated with intratumoral injections of rF-mCD40L together with systemic chemotherapy. This combined chemoimmunotherapy resulted in complete tumor regression and long-term survival of the mice. Some tumor cells in the injected sites expressed the CD40L transgene and had increased expression of the CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules. The therapeutic effect was dependent on CD8 but not on CD4 T cells. Moreover, there was a requirement that the recombinant CD40L virus be injected directly into the tumor, as opposed to peritumoral or distant sites. Thus, rF-mCD40L injected directly into the tumor microenvironment enhances the immunogenicity of tumor B cells. The results support future plans for intratumoral injection of rF-mCD40L in patients with lymphoma.
A Low-Profile, Scalable 28-GHz Phased Array Antenna in Fan-Out Wafer-Level Package for 5G Communication (2022)

This paper presents a 4-element (2×2) dual-polarized 28-GHz phased array antenna in package (AiP) for 5G communication. The AiP utilizes advanced fan-out wafer-level package (FOWLP) technology embedding a 65-nm CMOS beamformer IC and yields a low profile of 0.47 mm. Despite such an extremely low profile, a practical bandwidth of 2 GHz (27–29 GHz) is achieved by slot-fed antenna design. The antenna element on the AiP exhibits an EIRP of 15.2 dBm with good uniformity due to high fabrication accuracy of FOWLP. The AiPs are designed to be scalable so that they can be arranged in two dimensions to make a larger-scaled array. A 16-elements (2×8) phased array module using the four AiPs exhibits a peak EIRP of 40.5 dBm and is capable of scanning within ±40° close to ideal beam patterns, indicating high scalability of the developed FOWLP-based AiP.
Inverse Vulcanized Polymers with Shape Memory, Enhanced Mechanical Properties, and Vitrimer Behavior (2020)

Abstract The invention of inverse vulcanization provides great opportunities for generating functional polymers directly from elemental sulfur, an industrial by‐product. However, unsatisfactory mechanical properties have limited the scope for wider applications of these exciting materials. Here, we report an effective synthesis method that significantly improves mechanical properties of sulfur‐polymers and allows control of performance. A linear pre‐polymer containing hydroxyl functional group was produced, which could be stored at room temperature for long periods of time. This pre‐polymer was then further crosslinked by difunctional isocyanate secondary crosslinker. By adjusting the molar ratio of crosslinking functional groups, the tensile strength was controlled, ranging from 0.14±0.01 MPa to 20.17±2.18 MPa, and strain was varied from 11.85±0.88 % to 51.20±5.75 %. Control of hardness, flexibility, solubility and function of the material were also demonstrated. We were able to produce materials with suitable combination of flexibility and strength, with excellent shape memory function. Combined with the unique dynamic property of S−S bonds, these polymer networks have an attractive, vitrimer‐like ability for being reshaped and recycled, despite their crosslinked structures. This new synthesis method could open the door for wider applications of sustainable sulfur‐polymers.
Metastability of CMOS latch/flip-flop (1989)

The authors present several design issues for CMOS latch/flip-flops designed for metastable-hardness, regarding optimal device size, aspect ratio, and configurations. They use AC small-signal analysis in the frequency domain rather than the time domain. This design approach is verified experimentally. The power-supply disturbance and temperature variation effects on the metastability are measured and the measurement data confirm that a reduced power supply voltage and a higher temperature cause a lower metastable resolving capability
Astrocytic Orosomucoid-2 Modulates Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation (2017)

Orosomucoid (ORM) is an acute-phase protein that belongs to the immunocalin subfamily, a group of small-molecule-binding proteins with immunomodulatory functions. Little is known about the role of ORM proteins in the CNS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the brain expression of ORM and its role in neuroinflammation. Expression of Orm2, but not Orm1 or Orm3, was highly induced in the mouse brain after systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Plasma levels of ORM2 were also significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment than in normal subjects. RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that astrocytes are the major cellular sources of ORM2 in the inflamed mouse brain. Recombinant ORM2 protein treatment decreased microglial production of proinflammatory mediators and reduced microglia-mediated neurotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> LPS-induced microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampus, and neuroinflammation-associated cognitive deficits also decreased as a result of intracerebroventricular injection of recombinant ORM2 protein <i>in vivo</i> Moreover, lentiviral shRNA-mediated Orm2 knockdown enhanced LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and microglial activation in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, ORM2 inhibited C-C chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4)-induced microglial migration and activation by blocking the interaction of CCL4 with C-C chemokine receptor type 5. Together, the results from our cultured glial cells, mouse neuroinflammation model, and patient studies suggest that ORM2 is a novel mediator of astrocyte-microglial interaction. We also report that ORM2 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating microglial activation and migration during brain inflammation. ORM2 can be exploited therapeutically for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Neural cell interactions are important for brain physiology and pathology. Particularly, the interaction between non-neuronal cells plays a central role in regulating brain inflammation, which is closely linked to many brain disorders. Here, we newly identified orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) as an endogenous protein that mediates such non-neuronal glial cell interactions. Based on the critical role of astrocyte-derived ORM2 in modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, ORM2 can be exploited for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of devastating brain disorders that have a strong neuroinflammatory component, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis.
Erratum: Reciprocity of exposure time and irradiance on energy density during photoradiation on wound healing in a murine pressure ulcer model (2007)

Abstract In this original published article, Dr. Peter, Sr's name was misprinted. It should be Timothy A. Peter, Sr.