gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fertility Preservation: The Rationale for Cryopreservation of the Whole Ovary (2009)

Recently, much progress has been made in the area of cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, one of the only options for fertility preservation available to women who require immediate gonadotoxic chemotherapy. Human ovarian cortical tissue strips have been cryopreserved, thawed, and autotransplanted with successful reproductive function. Cryopreservation of ovarian cortical strips, however, is limited by the ischemia that occurs at the time of retransplantation. Thus for patients that desire long-term resumption of endocrine function, cryopreservation of the whole ovary with an intact pedicle and vascular supply may be a better option. This article describes recent advances in whole ovary cryopreservation in both animal and human models, with a focus on surgical technique for removal, choice of cryoprotectants, freezing and thawing protocols, and preliminary results with organ retransplantation. Although no human cases of whole ovary retransplantation after cryopreservation have been performed to date, these preliminary studies have been encouraging, and it is likely that this option for fertility preservation will be a viable treatment option in the future.
Motional induction effect on the planetary‐scale geoelectric potential in the eastern North Pacific (1999)

Geoelectric potentials induced by seawater motion on a planetary scale were studied using voltage differences measured on the Hawaii‐1 (HAW‐1) submarine cable between Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, and Point Arena, California. The motionally induced field was extracted from a 3.6‐year segment of the HAW‐1 voltage by cancelling the component that is coherent with the externally produced geomagnetic field at Honolulu. The corrected voltage shows significant coherence with atmospheric variables (wind stress curl, wind stress, and surface pressure) estimated from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts product at points throughout the Pacific basin at periods from 5 to 133 days. This suggests that the voltage reflects regional to basin‐wide depth‐averaged (barotropic) water currents that are directly wind driven. Contour maps of the squared coherence reveal that (1) peak coherence as large as 0.6–0.8 is seen at points both near the cable and nonlocally, (2) higher coherence is seen at periods where the cable voltage power spectrum peaks, and (3) spatial patterns of the coherence vary with period. Comparison of power spectra or coherence maps for individual years shows that the wind‐driven flow fluctuates temporally owing to long‐term variations of the wind field. The main features of these observations are consistent with those from point electric field measurements, suggesting that planetary‐scale voltages measured with cables can serve as a useful tool to monitor large‐scale water currents at long periods.
ProFORMA: Probabilistic Feature-based On-line Rapid Model Acquisition (2009)

Off-line model reconstruction relies on an image collection phase and a slow reconstruction phase, requiring a long time to verify a model obtained from an image sequence is acceptable. We propose a new model acquisition system, called ProFORMA, which generates a 3D model on-line as the input sequence is being collected. As the user rotates the object in front of a stationary camera, a partial model is reconstructed and displayed to the user to assist view planning. The model is also used by the system to robustly track the pose of the object. Models are rapidly produced through a Delaunay tetrahe-dralisation of points obtained from on-line structure from motion estimation, followed by a probabilistic tetrahedron carving step to obtain a textured surface mesh of the object. © 2009. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.
Near-ML detection for MDL-impaired few-mode fiber transmission (2015)

Few-mode fiber transmission systems are typically impaired by mode-dependent loss (MDL). In an MDL-impaired link, maximum-likelihood (ML) detection yields a significant advantage in system performance compared to linear equalizers, such as zero-forcing and minimum-mean square error equalizers. However, the computational effort of the ML detection increases exponentially with the number of modes and the cardinality of the constellation. We present two methods that allow for near-ML performance without being afflicted with the enormous computational complexity of ML detection: improved reduced-search ML detection and sphere decoding. Both algorithms are tested regarding their performance and computational complexity in simulations of three and six spatial modes with QPSK and 16QAM constellations.
Semantic Analysis of Genome Annotations using Weighting Schemes (2007)

The correct interpretation of many molecular biology experiments depends in an essential way on the accuracy and consistency of the existing annotation databases. Such databases are meant to act as repositories for our biological knowledge as we acquire and refine it. Hence, by definition they are incomplete at any given time. In this paper we describe a technique that improves our previous method for extracting implicit semantic relationships between genes and functions. We added a number of weighting schemes to our previous latent semantic indexing approach. We used this technique to analyze the current annotations of the human genome. The predictions of 15 different weighting schemes were compared and evaluated. Out of the top 50 functional annotations predicted using the best performing weighting scheme, we found support in the literature for 82% of them. For 10% of our prediction we did not find any relevant publications, and 6% were actually contradicted by existing literature. This weighting scheme also outperformed the simple binary scheme used in our previous approach. Our method is independent of the organism and can be used to analyze and improve the quality of the data of any public or private annotation database
Theory of microstructured polymer–electrolyte artificial muscles (2018)

Ionic electroactuator beams are promising systems for artificial muscles in microrobotics. Here a theory is developed to investigate one promising class of such systems, which employs flexible volume-filling electrodes impregnated with polymer–electrolyte. The theory provides analytical formulae for the equilibrium beam curvature as a function of voltage and structure-related operational parameters. It predicts a possible enhancement of beam curvature by orders of magnitude over that of flat electrodes. Volume-filling electrodes thus constitute one of the 'strongest' architectures for voltage-induced movement. Approximate expressions for the dynamics of tandem pore charging and beam deflection are developed to determine the maximum pore length that still warrants a sufficiently fast response time (up to 1 s). Upper bounds on applied voltage and response time constrain the maximal device thickness and curvature, and therefore, the resulting work such a device can perform.
Directing Dynamic Control of Red, Green, and Blue Reflection Enabled by a Light‐Driven Self‐Organized Helical Superstructure (2011)

Two light-driven chiral molecular switches possessing very high helical twisting powers were introduced into an achiral liquid crystal host enabling a self-organized, tunable helical superstructure. Marrying reflection wavelength to the wavelength of irradiation offers a distinctive and novel means to simultaneously achieve red, green, and blue reflection colors in a single optical thin film. Photoaddressing of the material system allows for images to be retained, which are hidden with an applied electrical field and restored by application of a mechanical field.
Mesh nebulizers enabling transnasal pulmonary delivery of medical aerosols to infants and toddlers: Roles, challenges, and opportunities (2022)

The development of mesh nebulizer technology has expanded the ability to deliver medical aerosols to infants and small children via nasal cannula and prongs. Mesh nebulizers do not require compressed gas to generate aerosols and have a smaller, lighter profile facilitating placement in delivery circuits, unlike ultrasonic nebulizers. Prior to this century, aerosol delivery with the nasal interface to 1–4 kg infants or surrogate animal models was limited to low single-digit deposition. In vitro and animal studies with the enabling mesh technology increase inhaled dose by upwards of 14% when nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation is in use. Recently, investigations of transnasal aerosol delivery to the lung have expanded to include nasal cannula interfaces with both high and low flow oxygen administration, nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy, and nasal noninvasive ventilation in treating respiratory distress, respiratory insufficiency, and acute respiratory failure of infants and toddlers. We will first examine the progression of testing transpulmonary delivery of medical aerosols from in vitro models to in vivo animal and human studies. Then, we will explain current and developing applications in clinical practice to view future directions and opportunities.
Methodological considerations in the development of HPLC-MS methods for the analysis of rodent plasma for metabonomic studies (2009)

A study of the factors involved in obtaining valid global metabolite profiles from the HPLC-MS of rat or mouse plasma for the purposes of metabonomic analysis has been undertaken. Plasma proteins were precipitated with three volumes of either methanol or acetonitrile. Chromatographic separations were performed on a C18-bonded stationary phase using 3.5 and 5 mum particles packed into 2.1 and 4.6 mm i.d. formats, respectively, and on a C8 phase using 3.5 mum particles and a 2.1 mm i.d. column. Three reversed-phase gradient solvent systems, based on acidified water-acetonitrile, acidified water-methanol and acidified water-methanol-acetonitrile mixtures, were investigated. The column eluent was analysed with both positive and negative electrospray ionisation using a quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. These studies revealed that while accurate classification of sample type can be made, there are a number of methodological problems associated with the analysis of plasma with respect to factors such as repeatability and column longevity. In particular, special care has to be taken to ensure that the analytical system is properly "conditioned" by the repeated injection of matrix samples. The use of biological quality control (QC) samples provided an important means of monitoring method performance. Finally, the source of the plasma (Zucker wild-type or (fa/fa) rat or mouse tumour model) also appeared to have an effect on the repeatability of the methodology.
Turn stabilization in short peptides by Cα‐methylated α‐amino acids (2004)

The crystal-state conformations of three protected tripeptides, four tetrapeptides, and one pentapeptide, heavily based on the chiral C(alpha)-methylated alpha-amino acids Iva, (alpha Me)Nva, and (Me)Val, were assessed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The eight peptide sequences are as follows: Z-(D-Iva)2-D-Val-OMe, Z-D-Iva-L-Iva-Gly-OtBu, Z-L-Pro-D-Iva-L-Iva-Gly-OtBu, Z-L-Pro-L-Iva-D-Iva-Gly-OtBu, Z-Aib-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]2-OtBu, Ac-[L-(alpha Me)Val]3-D-(alpha Me)Val-OtBu, Z-[L-(alpha Me)Val]4-OH, and Z-L-Ala-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]4-OtBu. Two independent molecules were observed in the asymmetric units of Z-D-Iva-L-Iva-Gly-OtBu and Z-Aib-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]2-OtBu, while three independent molecules were seen in Z-L-Ala-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]4-OtBu. All peptides are folded in a single or multiple beta-turn conformations. Interestingly: (i) a water bridge within the N-terminal beta-turn is seen in Z-L-Pro-L-Iva-D-Iva-Gly-OtBu (dihydrate), and (ii) the hydroxyl group of the C-terminal carboxyl functionality of Z-[L-(alpha Me)Val]4-OH generates an oxy-analogue of a beta-turn. The N-terminal beta-turn is missing in molecules A and B, but it does occur, although poorly stabilized, in molecule C, of Z-L-Ala-[L-(alpha Me)Nva]4-OtBu.
Computational approaches to support comparative analysis of multiparametric tests: Modelling versus Training (2020)

Multiparametric assays for risk stratification are widely used in the management of breast cancer, with applications being developed for a number of other cancer settings. Recent data from multiple sources suggests that different tests may provide different risk estimates at the individual patient level. There is an increasing need for robust methods to support cost effective comparisons of test performance in multiple settings. The derivation of similar risk classifications using genes comprising the following multi-parametric tests Oncotype DX® (Genomic Health.), Prosigna™ (NanoString Technologies, Inc.), MammaPrint® (Agendia Inc.) was performed using different computational approaches. Results were compared to the actual test results. Two widely used approaches were applied, firstly computational "modelling" of test results using published algorithms and secondly a "training" approach which used reference results from the commercially supplied tests. We demonstrate the potential for errors to arise when using a "modelling" approach without reference to real world test results. Simultaneously we show that a "training" approach can provide a highly cost-effective solution to the development of real-world comparisons between different multigene signatures. Comparisons between existing multiparametric tests is challenging, and evidence on discordance between tests in risk stratification presents further dilemmas. We present an approach, modelled in breast cancer, which can provide health care providers and researchers with the potential to perform robust and meaningful comparisons between multigene tests in a cost-effective manner. We demonstrate that whilst viable estimates of gene signatures can be derived from modelling approaches, in our study using a training approach allowed a close approximation to true signature results.
Environmental distribution of the trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase gene (tceA) suggests lateral gene transfer among Dehalococcoides (2006)

The trichloroethene reductive dehalogenase gene (tceA) of Dehalococcoides spp. was detected in 12 of 21 trichloroethene-to-ethene dechlorinating enrichment cultures established from aquifer and sediment samples collected from diverse geographic locations in the USA. Analysis of the tceA chromosomal regions indicated that the tceA genes shared greater than 95% sequence identity, and all shared identical tceAB spacer sequences and tceB genes downstream of tceA. A putative transposable element (PTE) was present 1077 bp downstream of the tceB stop codon in three of eight chromosomal regions analyzed. Sequence identity was interrupted downstream of tceB and upstream or downstream of the PTE, suggesting that intrachromosomal or interchromosomal transfer of tceAB had occurred.
Investigation of Humidity Control Via Membrane Separation for Advanced Extravehicular Mobility unit (EMU) Application (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Humidity control is essential in the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU). Excessive humidity can lead to visor fogging; accumulation of water, which can block air flow through the vent loop and corrode system components; and uncomfortable conditions for the person inside the EMU, reducing productivity.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the development of a membrane-based process for dehumidifying the EMU. The membrane process promises to be smaller, lighter, and more energy efficient than the other technologies being considered for dehumidification, and it requires no expendables. The system employs novel dehydration membranes, which were tested for 90 days at conditions expected to be present in the EMU. The results of these tests indicate that membrane-based technology can effectively control humidity in the EMU.&lt;/div&gt;
Eosinophilic lung disease as a sequela of MSSA pneumonia (2021)

Eosinophilic lung diseases are a rare group of lung disorders with multiple known and unknown aetiologies and the diagnosis is often challenging. We present a case of a young man who was admitted with pneumonia due to methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and was discharged on antibiotics. He presented to the emergency department approximately 2 weeks after discharge with high-grade fever, cough and shortness of breath associated with serum and bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia. He was then treated with steroids with complete resolution of disease process.
Multifunctional Energy Storage Composites: Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization (2016)

We propose the concept of Multifunctional-Energy-Storage Composites (MES Composites) which highlights a unique integration technique for embedding lithium-ion battery materials in structural carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymers (CFRP). Unlike standard lithium-ion pouch cells, the MES Composites maximizes material utilization by using CFRP facesheets to house the electrochemistry. Through-thickness polymer reinforcements are implemented to allow load transfer between the two facesheets, analogous to the sandwich structure construction. In this work, the design rationale, materials and fabrication techniques, experimental evaluation, and performance of the first-generation MES Composites will be presented. MES Composite cells with a nominal capacity of approximately 4 Ah, with various reinforcements-array configurations, were fabricated and first tested through a series of electrochemical reference performance tests (RPT) under a strain-free condition. The MES Composite cells then underwent a mechanical-electrical-coupling test, where a quasi-static three-point-bending load was applied at increasing increments. Mechanical testing was interrupted after each increment to perform a sequential RPT to quantify any non-catastrophic degradation in the electrochemical performance. The obtained results verify the feasibility of the concept showing that the electrochemical performance of the MES Composites can be maintained at the same level as the regular lithium-ion battery. The reinforcement architecture of the MES Composite constrains the relative motion of the battery electrodes and increases the bending rigidity, resulting in a higher load carrying capacity and inhibiting non-fatal injury of the cell under mechanical loads. This multifunctional material system can also be scaled up and ultimately provide considerable weight and volume saving at the system level.
ChemInform Abstract: Pregnane‐Type Steroidal Alkaloids of Sarcococca saligna: A New Class of Cholinesterase Inhibitors. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Based Gene Therapy for HIV-1 Infection: Considerations for Proof of Concept Studies and Translation to Standard Medical Practice (2013)

Over the past 15 years we have been investigating an alternative approach to treating HIV-1/AIDS, based on the creation of a disease-resistant immune system through transplantation of autologous, gene-modified (HIV-1-resistant) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (GM-HSPC). We propose that the expression of selected RNA-based HIV-1 inhibitors in the CD4+ cells derived from GM-HSPC will protect them from HIV-1 infection and results in a sufficient immune repertoire to control HIV-1 viremia resulting in a functional cure for HIV-1/AIDS. Additionally, it is possible that the subset of protected T cells will also be able to facilitate the immune-based elimination of latently infected cells if they can be activated to express viral antigens. Thus, a single dose of disease resistant GM-HSPC could provide an effective treatment for HIV-1+ patients who require (or desire) an alternative to lifelong antiretroviral chemotherapy. We describe herein the results from several pilot clinical studies in HIV-1 patients and our strategies to develop second generation vectors and clinical strategies for HIV-1+ patients with malignancy who require ablative chemotherapy as part of treatment and others without malignancy. The important issues related to stem cell source, patient selection, conditioning regimen and post-infusion correlative studies become increasingly complex and are discussed herein.
Editorial Special issue on adaptive signal processing and higher‐order statistics (1996)

Following a saturation point of advances in spectral estimation, the last decade has witnessed a resurgence in research and applications of higher-order statistics (HOS) to address the following 'non' topics in signals and systems: non-Gaussianity, non-minimum phase, noncausality, non-linearity , non-additivity and non-stationarity .HOS is a rather generic term often used to encompass moments, cumulants and polyspectra of order greater than two, thereby generalizing the traditional second-order statistical information offered by correlations and spectra.They have found application in: time delay and Doppler estimation for sonar and radar, reconstruction of astronomical objects from photon-limited frames in astronomy, imaging through turbulence, seismic deconvolution and blind channel equalization, separation of signal mixtures received by sensor arrays, detection and classification of non-Gaussian signals in Gaussian noise, retrieval of coupled harmonics, nonlinear ocean wave interactions, analysis of chaotic systems and biosignal processing.The roots of HOS go back to Kolmogorov and the pioneering work of Eastern European (Leonov, Shiryaev, Sinai) and North American statisticians in the 1960s (Rosenblatt, Tukey, Brillinger).'s2Scattered contributions appeared in the optical and physical sciences, but signalprocessing and systems communities picked up HOS interest in the 1980s.Since then there have been three biannual international five special issues devoted to this subject"-" and a number of tutorial treatments"-" (see also Reference 18 for a comprehensive bibliography).The present special issue is concerned with recent advances in HOS-based detection, input-output system identification of linear and nonlinear systems, blind identification and time series modelling, identification of closed loop systems and implementation issues.The emphasis is on adaptive algorithms-a direction largely ignored by existing collections despite its importance for on-line application of HOS-based approaches to real life problems.In the following we motivate each contribution, highlight its main points and attempt to discuss open problems for future research in each sub-area.