gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced dopant-induced scattering in remote charge-transfer-doped MoS 2 field-effect transistors (2022)

Efficient doping for modulating electrical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors is essential for meeting the versatile requirements for future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Because doping of semiconductors, including TMDCs, typically involves generation of charged dopants that hinder charge transport, tackling Coulomb scattering induced by the externally introduced dopants remains a key challenge in achieving ultrahigh mobility 2D semiconductor systems. In this study, we demonstrated remote charge transfer doping by simply inserting a hexagonal boron nitride layer between MoS<sub>2</sub> and solution-deposited n-type dopants, benzyl viologen. A quantitative analysis of temperature-dependent charge transport in remotely doped devices supports an effective suppression of the dopant-induced scattering relative to the conventional direct doping method. Our mechanistic investigation of the remote doping method promotes the charge transfer strategy as a promising method for material-level tailoring of electrical and optoelectronic devices based on TMDCs.
The inhibitory effect of hormones associated with stress on Na appetite of sheep (2000)

Stress is a large stimulus of Na appetite in rabbits, rats, and mice. This study investigated the influence of some peptides implicated in stress, i.e., adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and the recently discovered member of the CRF family, urocortin, on the ingestive behavior of sheep. Intracerebroventricular infusion of these peptides over 4 days decreased the need-free Na intake of Na-repleted sheep. Intracerebroventricular infusion of urocortin, however, did not alter Na intake of Na-depleted sheep. Systemic infusion of ACTH increased, whereas systemic infusion of either urocortin or CRF decreased, Na intake of Na-repleted sheep. The increase in Na intake caused by the peripheral infusion of ACTH was blocked by concurrent i.v. infusion of urocortin, substantiating the inhibitory role of this peptide on Na appetite. Central administration of all peptides and i.v. administration of urocortin or urocortin and ACTH combined decreased food intake. Water intake was not directly influenced by the peptides. Rather, decreased water intake, when observed, was secondary to decreased food intake, as determined by pair-feeding experiments. Whereas systemic infusion of ACTH mimics the increase in Na intake observed in several different stressful situations, CRF and urocortin actually inhibit Na intake, indicating a direct central action overriding any effect of these peptides on ACTH release. Indeed, the inhibition of Na intake by urocortin occurred despite its stimulation of ACTH release and the subsequent increase in peripheral level of cortisol. Thus it would appear that hormones associated with stress have both excitatory and inhibitory influences on Na intake. Presumably, other physiological processes entrained by stress also will be important in determining the quantitative outcome on Na appetite.
Further designs of optomechanical scanners for use in passive millimeter-wave imaging (2003)

Mm-wave imaging has high potential for all weather performance but requires large apertures to acheive acceptable spatial resolution. These large apertures need to collect radiation from a range of angles in the field of view and form a two dimensional image. The ideal method for achieving such an image would be to have an aperture completely filled with receivers and to electronically beam-form. Unfortunately this technology is not sufficiently developed at present to make this a practical propostion. Receivers are far too expensive to form a completely filled aperture and the technology of beam-forming is still under development. The alternative and most cost effective solution at present is to have a comparatively small number of receivers and scan them across the scene using an opto-mechanical scanner. In scanned thermal imaging systems it is usual to employ high speed rotating polygons to perform the line scan and a flapping mirror for the framing motion. The pupil size is typically 10mm in thermal imaging and the polygons are 40mm in diamenter. If such an arrangement were used at mm-waves where the pupil size is of the order of 1m, the rotating polygon would be 4m in diameter. The paper describes new compact opto-mechanical systems based on rotating discs, prisms and using frequency and polarization selective surfaces.
Pancreatic Polypeptide Response to Secretin in Obesity: Effects of Glucose Intolerance (1988)

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) may function as a regulator of satiety. Its secretion is impaired in certain animal models of obesity and the administration of PP may improve the hyperphagia and hyperinsulinism seen in these animals. In obese humans, decreased, normal or increased, basal and stimulated concentrations of PP in plasma have been reported. However the advent of diabetes confounds the picture since PP levels in diabetes are generally raised. We have therefore examined the PP responses to intravenous secretin, a known PP secretagogue, in 23 obese subjects, 12 with normal and 11 with abnormal glucose tolerance, and compared the results with those in 23 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The mean maximum PP level in obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (98 +/- 13 pg/ml) was significantly less than that in normal subjects (218 +/- 23 pg/ml) but in obese subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance, it was significantly greater (578 +/- 115 pg/ml). Within each of the 3 study groups taken separately, PP response to secretin was not correlated with glucose or insulin levels, or with the degree of obesity. Thus, obesity per se appears to be associated with impaired PP responses, which may be masked by abnormalities in glucose tolerance.
Design of polymeric imaging materials based on electrophilic aromatic substitution: model studies (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign of polymeric imaging materials based on electrophilic aromatic substitution: model studiesHarald D. H. Stover, Stephen Matuszczak, C. Grant Willson, and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 8, 1741–1745Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00008a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00008a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Printing of polymer field-effect transistors (2004)

In this presentation we discuss recent progress towards new architectures for both planar-channel and vertical-channel polymer transistors with submicrometer channel length, the use of thin, self-assembled polymer dielectrics as well as current understanding of charge transport and charge injection in polymer field-effect devices.
"Transactivation" control signals in the promoter of the herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene. (1985)

The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene is transcriptionally activated in trans ("transactivated") by virus-encoded proteins during the infectious cycle. We show that TK plasmids introduced into a HeLa cell transient transcription assay system are also transactivated after infection with a TK- virus. Several aspects of this response are similar to regulation during the normal infectious cycle. Assay of TK promoter deletion and 5- to 10-base-pair substitution mutants in this system reveals that the transactivation response depends on the intactness of 109 base pairs of 5' gene flanking sequence. Differences between these results and analogous assays in the Xenopus oocyte system are discussed. A model for the putative binding of transactivator(s) to the promoter region is presented.
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxo-1,N6-ethenoadenine: an exclusively Hoogsteen-paired thymine mimic in DNA that induces A→T transversions in Escherichia coli (2022)

This work investigated the structural and biological properties of DNA containing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-1,N6-ethenoadenine (oxo-ϵA), a non-natural synthetic base that combines structural features of two naturally occurring DNA lesions (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine). UV-, CD-, NMR spectroscopies and molecular modeling of DNA duplexes revealed that oxo-ϵA adopts the non-canonical syn conformation (χ = 65º) and fits very well among surrounding residues without inducing major distortions in local helical architecture. The adduct remarkably mimics the natural base thymine. When considered as an adenine-derived DNA lesion, oxo-ϵA was >99% mutagenic in living cells, causing predominantly A→T transversion mutations in Escherichia coli. The adduct in a single-stranded vector was not repaired by base excision repair enzymes (MutM and MutY glycosylases) or the AlkB dioxygenase and did not detectably affect the efficacy of DNA replication in vivo. When the biological and structural data are viewed together, it is likely that the nearly exclusive syn conformation and thymine mimicry of oxo-ϵA defines the selectivity of base pairing in vitro and in vivo, resulting in lesion pairing with A during replication. The base pairing properties of oxo-ϵA, its strong fluorescence and its invisibility to enzymatic repair systems in vivo are features that are sought in novel DNA-based probes and modulators of gene expression.
Hydrogen desorption kinetics for aqueous hydrogen fluoride and remote hydrogen plasma processed silicon (001) surfaces (2015)

The desorption kinetics of molecular hydrogen (H2) from silicon (001) surfaces exposed to aqueous hydrogen fluoride and remote hydrogen plasmas were examined using temperature programmed desorption. Multiple H2 desorption states were observed and attributed to surface monohydride (SiH), di/trihydride (SiH2/3), and hydroxide (SiOH) species, subsurface hydrogen trapped at defects, and hydrogen evolved during the desorption of surface oxides. The observed surface hydride species were dependent on the surface temperature during hydrogen plasma exposure with mono, di, and trihydride species being observed after low temperature exposure (150 °C), while predominantly monohydride species were observed after higher temperature exposure (450 °C). The ratio of surface versus subsurface H2 desorption was also found to be dependent on the substrate temperature with 150 °C remote hydrogen plasma exposure generally leading to more H2 evolved from subsurface states and 450 °C exposure leading to more H2 desorption from surface SiHx species. Additional surface desorption states were observed, which were attributed to H2 desorption from Si (111) facets formed as a result of surface etching by the remote hydrogen plasma or aqueous hydrogen fluoride treatment. The kinetics of surface H2 desorption were found to be in excellent agreement with prior investigations of silicon surfaces exposed to thermally generated atomic hydrogen.
RISK FACTORS FOR RECURRENCE OF SHOULDER INSTABILITY AFTER ARTHROSCOPIC BANKART REPAIR (2006)

Background: The higher failure rates reported with arthroscopic stabilization of traumatic, recurrent anterior shoulder instability compared with open stabilization remain a concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repairs with the use of suture anchors and to identify risk factors related to postoperative recurrence of shoulder instability. Methods: Ninety-one consecutive patients underwent arthroscopic stabilization for recurrent anterior traumatic shoulder instability. The mean age (and standard deviation) at the time of surgery was 26.4 ± 5.4 years. Seventy-one patients were male. Seventy-nine patients were involved in sports (forty, in high-risk sports). Capsulolabral reattachment and capsule retensioning was performed with use of absorbable suture anchors (mean, 4.3 anchors; range, two to seven anchors). All patients were prospectively followed, and, at the time of the last review, the patients were examined and assessed functionally by independent observers. Results: At a mean follow-up of thirty-six months, fourteen patients (15.3%) experienced recurrent instability: six sustained a frank dislocation and eight reported a subluxation. The mean delay to recurrence was 17.6 months. The risk of postoperative recurrence was significantly related to the presence of a bone defect, either on the glenoid side (a glenoid compression-fracture; p = 0.01) or on the humeral side (a large Hill-Sachs lesion; p = 0.05). By contrast, a glenoid separation-fracture was not associated with postoperative recurrent dislocation or subluxation. Recurrence of instability was significantly higher in patients with inferior shoulder hyperlaxity (p = 0.03) and/or anterior shoulder hyperlaxity (p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the presence of glenoid bone loss and inferior hyperlaxity led to a 75% recurrence rate (p < 0.001). Lastly, the number of suture-anchors was critical: patients who had three anchors or fewer were at higher risk for recurrent instability (p = 0.03). Conclusions: In the treatment of traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability, patients with bone loss or with shoulder hyperlaxity are at risk for recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair. At least four anchor points should be used to obtain secure shoulder stabilization. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
High-efficiency GaN class-E power amplifier with ecompact harmonic-suppression network (2007)

This paper presents a high efficiency class-E power amplifier (PA) suitable for wireless transmitters operating at 2 GHz. Compact impedance transformation network is designed, using micro-strip transmission lines, so that it simultaneously achieves fundamental load transformation and harmonic impedance control using only two open-circuit stubs (2fo, 3fo). The dimensions of the network's elements were determined in order to concurrently attain a high harmonic suppression, minimum loss and high power added efficiency. The measurement results of the PA prototype, which is designed using a 10 W gallium nitride (GaN) HEMT transistor, showed state-of-the-art drain and power added efficiency (PAE). The achieved PAE, power gain and output power, when the drain is biased at 50 V, were equal to 74%, 12.6 dB and 11.4 W respectively. In addition, a second and third harmonic suppression in excess of -40 dBc and -75 dBc, respectively, is achieved without extra circuit tuning or additional filtering.
Threshold Uniformity Improvement in 1b Quanta Image Sensor Readout Circuit (2022)

A new readout architecture for single-bit quanta image sensor (QIS) consisting of a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) before a 1-bit quantizer to improve the threshold uniformity of the readout cluster is proposed in this paper. The 1-bit quantizer in the previous single-bit QIS had significant threshold non-uniformity likely caused by the fluctuation of the common-mode voltage of the jot output. To guarantee the stability of the common-mode voltage of input signals fed to the 1-bit quantizer, the CTIA is added before the 1-bit quantizer. A pipeline operation mode is also proposed so the CTIA and 1-bit ADC can work at the same time, thereby reducing the CTIA power consumption. A 2048 × 1024 high-speed test chip was implemented with 45 nm/65 nm stacked backside illuminated (BSI) CMOS image sensor (CIS) process and tested. According to the measured D-log-H results, a good threshold uniformity in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 e- for all readout clusters is demonstrated at 500 frame per second (fps) equivalent timing with 68 mW power consumption.
Evidence for Zanamivir Resistance in an Immunocompromised Child Infected with Influenza B Virus (1998)

Zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, has shown promise as a drug to control influenza. During prolonged treatment with zanamivir, a mutant virus was isolated from an immunocompromised child infected with influenza B virus. A hemagglutinin mutation (198 Thr-->Ile) reduced the virus affinity for receptors found on susceptible human cells. A mutation in the neuraminidase active site (152 Arg-->Lys) led to a 1000-fold reduction in the enzyme sensitivity to zanamivir. When tested in ferrets, the mutant virus had less virulence than the parent; however, it had a growth preference over the parent in zanamivir-treated animals. Despite these changes, the sensitivity of the mutant virus to zanamivir assessed by a standard test in MDCK cells was unaffected. These data indicate that the current methods for monitoring resistant mutants are potentially flawed because no tissue culture system adequately reflects the receptor specificity of human respiratory tract epithelium.
An arginine to cysteine amino acid substitution at a critical thrombin cleavage site in a dysfunctional factor VIII molecule (1989)

Abstract We have analyzed the factor VIII (FVIII) protein and the nucleotide sequence around two thrombin cleavage sites, at arginine 372 in the FVIII heavy chain and arginine 1689 in the FVIII light chain in a naturally occurring dysfunctional FVIII variant, FVIII Okayama. The patient was a 42-year-old hemophiliac with a FVIII coagulant activity of 0.03 U/mL and a FVIII antigen level of 0.8 U/mL. The patient's FVIII was not thrombin activatable to levels seen in normal plasma. Immunoblotting of partially purified FVIII Okayama and normal FVIII showed that thrombin cleavage of the 92 kilodalton (Kd) heavy chain was impaired in the mutant protein. The patient's genomic DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction with two sets of synthetic oligonucleotide primers spanning amino acid residues 319 to 400 and 1630 to 1720. Sequence analysis of the amplified DNA fragments revealed a cytosine to thymine transition, converting an arginine to a cysteine codon at residue 372. No abnormality was found in the FVIII light chain region analyzed. The patient's hemophilic brother and carrier mother revealed the same mutation. We conclude that the pathogenesis of hemophilia A in this patient is probably due to an arginine to cysteine substitution at a thrombin cleavage site in the FVIII heavy chain.
Enhanced Self-Coherent Optical Decision-Feedback-Aided Detection of Multi-Symbol M-DPSK/PolSK in particular 8-DPSK/BPolSK at 40 Gbps (2007)

Direct-detection sensitivity for M-DPSK/BPolSK with large M is improved generating self-coherent gain without an actual local oscillator light source by means of a novel optical decision-feedback-aided tapped-delay-line-interferometer, along with a 90deg optical hybrid, and analog-post processing.
Object-Based Analysis/Synthesis Audio Coder for Very Low Bit Rates (1998)

An Object-Based Analysis/Synthesis Audio Coder designed for bit rates between 4 and 16 kbit/s is presented. The coding is based on the decomposition of the input signal into audio objects which are described by appropriate source models and represented by model parameters. Object models for sinusoids, harmonic tones, and noise are utilised. 1 Introduction In the context of evolving multimedia applications new demands for very low bit rate audio coding arise. Besides high coding efficiency required to cope with the limited bandwidth of the internet or mobile transmission channels also new functionalities like flexible access to coded data and manipulation by the recipient are desired. These requirements are addressed by the current ISO/IEC MPEG-4 standardisation activities [1]. Currently there are two well established techniques available for coding of audio signals at bit rates below 16 kbit/s. On the one hand speech coding techniques make use of the specific properties of the speech ...
A cognitive robotics approach to comprehending human language and behaviors (2007)

The ADAPT project is a collaboration of researchers in linguistics, robotics and artificial intelligence at three universities. We are building a complete robotic cognitive architecture for a mobile robot designed to interact with humans in a range of environments, and which uses natural language and models human behavior. This paper concentrates on the HRI aspects of ADAPT, and especially on how ADAPT models and interacts with humans.
Skin of Patients with Large/Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi Shows Increased Mast Cells (2014)

Nevocytes (NC) and mastocytes (MC) have different progenitors but share stem cell factor as regulator/activator of NC and for differentiation/proliferation of MC. Both cell types express stem cell factor receptor CD117. We hypothesize that large/giant congenital melanocytic nevi (L/GCMN) may associate with MC hyperplasia. Forty-nine L/GCMN were examined, 12 samples from uninvolved skin of L/GCMN patients and 6 control skin samples studied with Giemsa and immunohistochemistry for CD117 and MC-tryptase. Picrosirius red (PR) was used to assess fibrosis. Digital images were used to count MC/mm(2) using ImageJ software. Western blot (WB) for MC-tryptase in 12 GCMN and 12 non-nevus samples was performed. Analysis of variance (Tukey) and Pearson statistical tests were applied. Increased MCs were observed in nevus tissue (75.1 ± 35.3 MCs/mm(2)) and in uninvolved skin (53.74 ± 27.7 MC/ mm(2)). P = 0.109 from patients with L/GCMN, compared with controls from individuals without L/GCMN (28.74 ± 8.4 MC/mm(2)); P = 0.001 supported by results of WB analysis for tryptase. A positive trend toward correlation of MC numbers with fibrosis, assessed by PR staining fell short of statistical significance (r = 0.245; P = 0.086); no difference in fibrosis was found between nevus and non-nevus skin from patients with L/GCMN (P = 0.136). We found a higher density of MC, both in normal-appearing skin and nevus areas of L/GCMN patients, compared with control skin samples from individuals without nevi. Given the abnormal wound healing and allergic reactions described in L/GCMN patients, these findings suggest a potential role for MC in the biology of L/GCMN, making them a potential target for therapeutic intervention.