gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The experimental effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced renal injury in mice mode. (2021)

Acute renal injury (AKI) is a serious case with high mortality rate especially among hospitalized patients. It could be induced by sepsis, hypovolemia, atherosclerosis, and ischemia. Sepsis is caused mainly by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of current work was to assess the potential ability of LPS to induce AKI in mice as well as the probable mechanism. Experimentally, three different doses of LPS (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mL/kg) were evaluated. Results showed that LPS single dose (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was optimum to induce AKI in mice. Moreover, LPS induced severe pathological injuries in kidney tissues. It significantly increased the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in LPS-exposed mice, demonstrating deteriorated kidney function. Notably, LPS increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in renal tissue homogenate, indicating its ability to initiate severe inflammatory cascade. In summary, LPS (2.5 mg/kg, ip, single dose) has a potential capability to induce AKI with inflammatory insult.
Airway tapering: an objective image biomarker for bronchiectasis (2020)

• Tapering is a promising objective image biomarker for bronchiectasis that can be extracted semi-automatically and has good correlation with validated visual scoring methods. • Less airway tapering was observed in patients with bronchiectasis and can be observed sensitively throughout the bronchial tree, even in the more central airways. • Tapering values seemed to be less influenced by variety in scanning protocols and lung volume making it a more robust biomarker for bronchiectasis detection.
Signal processing requirements in pan-European digital mobile communications (2003)

The authors give an overview of the basic functions and techniques of the user equipment of the proposed pan-European digital communications system. The multipath equalizer and channel decoder of the receiver together with the speech codec are identified to be the most complicated devices from the viewpoint of signal processing and integration. Three different approaches for implementation, using general-purpose digital signal processing (DSPs), application-oriented DSPs, and dedicated full custom VLSI, are discussed. With particular reference to the speech codec, a detailed analysis of the full-custom VLSI implementation is made and the results are compared with the other approaches. It is concluded that even though the full-custom approach offers considerable benefits in terms of power consumption and use of silicon area, other matters such as flexibility in operation and further development also have to be taken into account.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Digital Lightpath Label Transcoding for Dual-Polarization QPSK Systems (2011)

We introduce digital lightpath labeling for DP-QPSK transmission, using novel binary encoding to embed a polarization-shift-keyed subchannel. An integrated inline polarimeter powers a compact label receiver with robust tolerance to polarization rotation in a 40Gb/s demonstration.
Micromanifold assembly (2023)

A micromanifold for connecting external capillaries to the inlet and/or outlet ports of a microfluidic device can employ a ferrule/capillary assembly that includes: (a) a ferrule comprising an elongated member and having a bore traversing from a proximal end to a distal end of the member, wherein the bore has an inner surface and wherein the distal end of the ferrule has a tapered, threaded exterior surface, and (b) a capillary that is positioned within the bore wherein the capillary's outer surface is in direct contact with the bore's inner surface. No mating sleeve is required for the one-piece ferrule. Alternatively, the capillaries can be bonded to channels that traverse the manifold and therefore obviate the need for a ferrule.
An Optimization Framework for Remapping and Reweighting Noisy Relevance Labels (2016)

Relevance labels is the essential part of any learning to rank framework. The rapid development of crowdsourcing platforms led to a significant reduction of the cost of manual labeling. This makes it possible to collect very large sets of labeled documents to train a ranking algorithm. However, relevance labels acquired via crowdsourcing are typically coarse and noisy, so certain consensus models are used to measure the quality of labels and to reduce the noise. This noise is likely to affect a ranker trained on such labels, and, since none of the existing consensus models directly optimizes ranking quality, one has to apply some heuristics to utilize the output of a consensus model in a ranking algorithm, e.g., to use majority voting among workers to get consensus labels. The major goal of this paper is to unify existing approaches to consensus modeling and noise reduction within a learning to rank framework. Namely, we present a machine learning algorithm aimed at improving the performance of a ranker trained on a crowdsourced dataset by proper remapping of labels and reweighting of samples. In the experimental part, we use several characteristics of workers/labels extracted via various consensus models in order to learn the remapping and reweighting functions. Our experiments on a large-scale dataset demonstrate that we can significantly improve state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms by incorporating our framework.
Surface-emitting channel drop filters using single defects in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs (2001)

We report a theoretical analysis of trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. We show that the tuning of emission wavelength is possible by selecting appropriate geometry of structure while keeping the emission efficiency maximal. The results suggest the possibility of applying it to ultra-small channel add/drop device in wavelength division multiplexed optical communications.
Toward understanding human expression in human-robot interaction (2006)

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Intelligent devices are quickly becoming necessities to support our activities during both work and play. We are already bound in a symbiotic relationship with these devices. An unfortunate effect of the pervasiveness of intelligent devices is the substantial investment of our time and effort to communicate intent. Even though our increasing reliance on these intelligent devices is inevitable, the limits of conventional methods for devices to perceive human expression hin-ders communication efficiency. These constraints restrict the usefulness of intelligent devices to support our activities. Our communication time and effort must be minimized to leverage the benefits of intelligent devices and seamlessly integrate them into society. Minimizing the time and effort needed to communicate our intent will allow us to concentrate on tasks in which we excel, including creative thought and problem solving.
Self-organized coherence in fiber laser arrays (2004)

Self-organized coherence between fiber lasers has been reported both via all-fiber 2x2 directional coupler trees and in spatially multi-core fibers. We have taken this a major step forward, coupling together a number of independent fiber lasers to obtain a spatially and spectrally coherent far field, with no active length, polarization, or amplitude control. The near field output comes from a spatial array rather than from a single fiber, making this approach scalable to extremely high power.
Preclinical Evaluation of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C PET as an Imaging Biomarker for the Development of the GUCY2C-CD3 Bispecific PF-07062119 as a T Cell Engaging Therapy (2021)

Immune-imaging technologies for quantitative cellular measures would be a valuable biomarker in immunotherapeutic clinical development. We demonstrated a qualification of <sup>89</sup>Zr-IAB22M2C PET to evaluate PD responses (mice) to a novel immunotherapeutic.
Multicamera 3D Viewpoint Adjustment for Robotic Surgery via Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

While robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) procedures afford a variety of benefits over open surgery and manual laparoscopic operations (including increased tool dexterity, reduced patient pain, incision size, trauma and recovery time, and lower infection rates [ 1 ], lack of spatial awareness remains an issue. Typical laparoscopic imaging can lack sufficient depth cues and haptic feedback, if provided, rarely reflects realistic tissue–tool interactions. This work is part of a larger ongoing research effort to reconstruct 3D surfaces using multiple viewpoints in RMIS to increase visual perception. The manual placement and adjustment of multicamera systems in RMIS are nonideal and prone to error [ 2 ], and other autonomous approaches focus on tool tracking and do not consider reconstruction of the surgical scene [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The group’s previous work investigated a novel, context-aware autonomous camera positioning method [ 6 ], which incorporated both tool location and scene coverage for multiple camera viewpoint adjustments. In this paper, the authors expand upon this prior work by implementing a streamlined deep reinforcement learning approach between optimal viewpoints calculated using the prior method [ 6 ] which encourages discovery of otherwise unobserved and additional camera viewpoints. Combining the framework and robustness of the previous work with the efficiency and additional viewpoints of the augmentations presented here results in improved performance and scene coverage promising towards real-time implementation.
PD24-04 NON INVASIVE VELOCITY-FLOW VIDEOURODYNAMICS USING DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY DETECTION OF PERIODIC DETRUSOR ARREST DURING MICTURITION IN MEN UNDERACTIVE BLADDER SYNDROME (2015)

mediated bladder contractions. The increasing T 4 /T 40 ratio may indicate the significance of ATP-dependent atropine resistant contractions.
Derivatives of 3-Isoxazolecarboxylic Acid Esters - A Potent and Selective Compound Class against Replicating and Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2012)

New antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs are urgently needed to battle drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains and to shorten the long treatment regimen. A series of isoxazole-based compounds, bearing a carboxy moiety at the C3 position, are highly potent and versatile anti-TB agents. Several members of this compound class exhibit submicromolar in vitro activity against replicating Mtb (R-TB) and thus comparable activity to the current first-line anti-TB drugs. Remarkably, certain compounds also show low micromolar activity in a model for nonreplicating Mtb (NRP-TB) phenotype, which is considered a key to shortening the current long treatment protocol. The series shows excellent selectivity towards Mtb and, in general, shows no cytotoxicity on Vero cells (IC50’s > 128 μM). Selected compounds retain their activity against isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), and streptomycin (SM) resistant Mtb strains. The foregoing facts make derivatives of 3- isoxazolecarboxylic acid esters a promising anti-TB chemotype, and as such present attractive lead compounds for TB drug development.
Reactions of transition-metal atoms with arenes, arene-functionalized alkanes, oligo(ethylene oxides), and polysiloxanes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of transition-metal atoms with arenes, arene-functionalized alkanes, oligo(ethylene oxides), and polysiloxanesMark P. Andrews and Geoffrey A. OzinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 15, 2587–2595Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00235a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00235a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene therapy with an E2F transcription factor decoy inhibits cell cycle progression in rat anti-Thy 1 glomerulonephritis (2004)

Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is a central feature of many glomerular diseases. Various growth factors and cytokines are known to trigger MC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Regardless of the initial stimulus, proliferation is ultimately dependent upon the coordinated activation of cell cycle regulatory genes whose transcription is tightly controlled in mammalian cells. The transcription factor E2F plays an important role in the transactivation of the cell cycle regulatory genes proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cdk2 kinase. To test whether or not E2F inhibition would blunt glomerular cell cycling in vivo, we treated rats with anti-Thy 1 antibody to induce glomerular injury, and that infused hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposomes containing synthetic double stranded oligonucleotides (ODN) with high affinity for E2F (E2F decoy) directly into one kidney. First, we confirmed that with HVJ-liposome method fluorescence isothiocynate (FITC)-labeled ODN could be efficiently introduced into rat glomerular cells via renal artery. E2F decoy ODN treatment specifically inhibited mRNA expression of PCNA and cdk2 kinase in kidneys injured with anti-Thy 1 antibody as assessed by RT-PCR. This was associated with a significant decrease in number of glomerular cells in S phase as assessed by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine labeling method, and attenuation of glomerular injury assessed histologically. The evidence suggests that intra-renal delivery of E2F decoy ODN by HVJ-liposome method prevents the induction of cell cycle regulatory gene expression and MC proliferation. These data also demonstrate the feasibility and the potential benefit of in vivo gene therapy as a novel strategy in the treatment of glomerular diseases.
Surface Treatment to Enable Low Temperature and Pressure Copper Direct Bonding (2016)

One of the major area of interest of the electronics packaging industry is the formation of interconnects between the chips in a 3D package. Copper has been proven to be a suitable candidate for the conductive material in back-end-of-line due to its low electrical resistivity and high electro-migration resistance. Due to this favorable property of copper, it is also used to form microbumps and through silicon vias (TSVs) for 3D stacking. To stack known good dies (KGDs), die-to-die (D2D) and die-to-wafer (D2W) bonding are the traditional approaches used in 3D stacking. Flip chip thermo-compression bonding (TCB) is employed to enable a joint formation between the microbumps of the top chip and the bottom substrate. Most TCB tools are limited by pressure and temperature parameters. High temperature and pressure requirements make the bonding process costly and may cause additional reliability concerns. Good joint formation at low temperature and low pressure is preferred to address these issues for various applications. The aim of this paper is to explore different dry and wet cleaning approach to understand its effect on the copper surface and its effect to enable low temperature (250 °C) and low pressure (~23 MPa) bonding in a cleanroom environment without compromising the joint quality.
Mutual Validation of a Fast Solver Based on the Multilevel Nonuniform Grid Approach and an Asymptotic Approximation for High-Frequency Scattering by Strongly Elongated Spheroids (2020)

A fast solver based on the multilevel nonuniform grid approach and an asymptotic approximation designed for scattering by strongly elongated spheroids are mutually validated. Good agreement between the numerical and asymptotic solutions is observed over a wide frequency range for spheroids with various aspect ratios. Numerical noise of the numerical solution is estimated.
THE INWARD H+ PATHWAY IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN: THE ROLE OF M412 AND P(N)560 INTERMEDIATES* (1992)

Abstract— In purple bacteriorhodopsin sheets adsorbed onto the phospholipid‐impregnated collodion film, electrogenic stages are identified correlating with decays of the M and N(P)‐type intermediates. It is concluded that both M → N and N → bR transitions are electrogenic. The M decay is shown to be of a complex kinetics. In purple sheets, the lower the light intensity, the higher the rate of “slow M” decay. Such a dependence, which is absent from monomeric bacteriorhodopsin in proteoliposomes and from Triton X‐100‐solubilized protein, may be explained by the inhibiting effect of a light‐induced conformation change in a bacteriorhodopsin molecule upon the M decay in some other bacteriorhodopsin molecules within the same sheet. The light intensity‐independent “slow M” decay in solubilized bacteriorhodopsin is shown to correlate with the decay of the N intermediate and H + uptake after the flash. In contrast to “fast M”, “slow M” is pH dependent, closely resembling in this respect the N intermediate. It is suggested that there is a fast light‐independent equilibration between M and N so that “slow M” represents the portion of the M pool that monitors the N concentration. The M → N equilibrium is assumed to be involved in the effect of the light‐induced electric field on the M decay. No direct effect of light on the equilibrium was found.
Comparisons of Clinical Features in Japanese Patients with Behçet’s Uveitis Treated in the 1990s and the 2000s (2019)

<i>Purpose</i>: We investigated clinical characteristics of ocular Behçet's disease (BD) patients treated in the 1990s and the 2000s.<i>Methods</i>: We retrospectively examined records of 68 newly arrived patients with ocular BD followed for more than 4 months during the 2000s and compared to those of 107 patients during the 1990s. Patient profiles, ocular and systemic symptoms, frequency of ocular attacks, BD ocular attack score 24-6 months (BOS24-6M), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and immunomodulatory treatment were noted.<i>Results</i>: Clinical characteristics in the 2000s showed increases in iridocyclitis type, intestinal-, vasculo-, and neuro-BD cases, oral corticosteroid, methotrexate, and infliximab therapy usage, cataract and glaucoma surgery, and pseudophakia, and decreases in BOS24-6M and cyclophosphamide usage. BCVA of 20/30 or better at the final visit was slightly increased in the 2000s.<i>Conclusions</i>: Milder ocular BD tendency was seen in cases in the 2000s, whereas the incidence of special type of BD might be increasing.
Stiction, adhesion energy, and the Casimir effect in micromechanical systems (2001)

We measure the adhesion energy of gold using a micromachined cantilever beam. Stress and stiffness of the beam are characterized by measuring the spectrum of mechanical vibrations and the deflection due to external force. We induce stiction between the beam and a nearby surface, employing capillary forces to determine the adhesion energy \ensuremath{\gamma}. The obtained value $\ensuremath{\gamma}=0.06{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ is a factor of 6 smaller than that predicted by idealized theory. This discrepancy may arise from surface roughness or an adsorbed layer intervening between the contacting surfaces in these mesoscopic structures.
Modèles a contrario pour la détection générique de changements en imagerie satellitaire très haute résolution (2020)

In this thesis, we propose several methods for the detection of generic changes, suitable for photo-interpretation support. We introduce various models of change detection, called "primary", each presenting a different approach to the notion of change and based on the statistical framework called "a contrario", which allows a control of the average number of false alarms. For the first model, which directly subtracts descriptors computed punctually on each image, we propose an estimation of the number of false alarms in the presence of Gaussian noise, which proves to be exact in the case of linear descriptors. The second primary model is based on a comparison of local histograms, which by its robustness avoids the need for a precise prior registration between the two images. The third proposed model is an extension of the Reed-Xiaoli anomaly detection algorithm to a pair of images and local distributions modeled by Gaussian mixtures. The last two primary models integrate an invariance to some global changes, and thus allow the comparison of radiometrically different images, a problem little studied in the literature. In this way, the " common fate " model examines the presence of local anomalies in the joint statistics of the two compared images, and thus makes it possible to free oneself from systematic transformations between the two images. The "indirect reconstruction" model uses a distance between patches to construct a version of the first image in the radiometric frame of reference of the second, which then allows a direct comparison. In the last part, we focus on the construction of a detector of specified changes from a small number of examples. Using a gradient boosting algorithm applied to regression trees, we perform the aggregation of detectors obtained by combining the previous primary models with different descriptors. The interest of this method is illustrated on a real case of satellite data.
Advances in directed self assembly integration and manufacturability at 300 mm (2013)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) has the potential to extend scaling for both line/space and hole patterns. DSA has shown the capability for pitch reduction (multiplication), hole shrinks, CD self-healing as well as a pathway towards LWR and pattern collapse improvement [1-10]. TEL has developed a DSA development ecosystem (collaboration with customers, consortia, inspection vendors and material suppliers) to successfully demonstrate directed PS-PMMA DSA patterns using chemo-epitaxy (lift-off and etch guide) and grapho-epitaxy integrations on 300 mm wafers. New processes are being developed to simplify process integration, to reduce defects and to address design integration challenges with the long term goal of robust manufacturability. For hole DSA applications, a wet development process has been developed that enables traditional post-develop metrology through the high selectivity removal of PMMA cylindrical cores. For line/ space DSA applications, new track, cleans and etch processes have been developed to improve manufacturability. In collaboration with universities and consortia, fundamental process studies and simulations are used to drive process improvement and defect investigation. To extend DSA resolution beyond a PS-PMMA system, high chi materials and processes are also explored. In this paper, TEL’s latest process solutions for both hole and line/space DSA process integrations are presented.