gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Arylpyrrolo(3,2‐b)pyridines and 7‐Arylpyrrolo(3,2‐b) pyridines: Addition of 3‐Aminopyrroles to Aryl Enaminones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
State of the art techniques may not be “simple as that” to implement in biomaterials research (2009)

State of the art techniques may not be “simple as that” to implement in biomaterials research
A Directed Molecular Evolution Approach to Improved Immunogenicity of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein (2011)

A prophylactic vaccine is needed to slow the spread of HIV-1 infection. Optimization of the wild-type envelope glycoproteins to create immunogens that can elicit effective neutralizing antibodies is a high priority. Starting with ten genes encoding subtype B HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoproteins and using in vitro homologous DNA recombination, we created chimeric gp120 variants that were screened for their ability to bind neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Hundreds of variants were identified with novel antigenic phenotypes that exhibit considerable sequence diversity. Immunization of rabbits with these gp120 variants demonstrated that the majority can induce neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1. One novel variant, called ST-008, induced significantly improved neutralizing antibody responses when assayed against a large panel of primary HIV-1 isolates. Further study of various deletion constructs of ST-008 showed that the enhanced immunogenicity results from a combination of effective DNA priming, an enhanced V3-based response, and an improved response to the constant backbone sequences.
992. Lentiviral and Retroviral Vectors for Transcriptionally Targeted Expression of Human Beta-Globin (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
Transgene expression driven by the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter from adenovectors following intravitreal administration into the eye is characterized by an initial high-level burst of expression that drops quickly and is followed by eventual loss of transgene expression. The decrease in expression could arise from elimination of vector genomes or by loss of promoter activity. In the current studies we investigate the cause for the diminution of activity, evaluate quantitatively vector genomes and expression levels, describe a means in which to follow transgene expression in the eye in the same animal over time, and discover means in which silenced adenovector genomes can be reactivated to express transgenes. In these studies, replication-deficient adenovectors deleted of E1, E3 and E4 that express nothing, GFP, or luciferase from the hCMV promoter were delivered to the eyes of mice by direct intravitreal injection. The amount of vector genome was quantitated by qPCR, the amount of luciferase transgene expression quantitated by luminesence, and the level of GFP transgene expression monitored by fluorescence. From these analyses the loss of transgene expression over time from adenovectors can be attributed to loss of promoter activity. Adenovector genomes from which there was no detectable transgene expression still retained the ability to express their protein product. This was shown by the ability to completely restore expression from a silenced hCMV promoter by multiple means. The administration of non-expressing adenovector particles to the vitreous activated expression from the silenced adenovector genome to levels equal to or greater than that originally observed on day 1. These experiments also showed that quiescent adenovector genomes retain the ability to be reactivated for transgene expression even after being silenced for more than a year. A screen of potential molecules capable of activating the hCMV promoter found retinoic acid (RA) to be a potent activator of expression and systemic administration of RA was found to activate expression from silenced adenovector genomes to day 1 levels. Furthermore, we found that RA could activate expression from silenced adenovector genomes even after 2 months following initial administration into the eye, which further demonstrates that adenovector genomes remain expression competent. These data suggest that adenovectors may provide a means to deliver proteins to the eye requiring repeated expression for the treatment of ocular disease and expands the utility of adenovectors in ocular gene delivery.
<title>Third-order nonlinear optical properties of fullerenes</title> (1994)

On the other hand the organic mate-rials are characterized by some interesting physico-chemical properties, suchas processability, versatility and good optical quality. They are also expec-ted to integrate well with semiconductor technology.Quasi one dimensional conjugated polymers like polydiacetylenes, polyace-tylenes and polythiophenes [1] are indeed characterized by a large nonlinearoptical response and fast response time, but on the other hand it is difficultto obtain good optical quality, stable thin films of these materials.
Outcomes Following Isolated Posterior Interosseous Nerve Neurectomy: A Systematic Review (2017)

Isolated PINN have shown excellent clinical outcomes, with few patients experiencing recurrent pain at long-term follow-up. PINN can provide relief in patient's chronic wrist pain.
Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation for Which Patients? (2012)

With the widespread use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, an increasing number of patients present with ventricular tachycardia (VT). Large multicentre studies have shown that ablation of VT successfully reduces recurrent VT and this procedure is being performed by an increasing number of centres. However, for a number of reasons, many patients experience VT recurrence after ablation. One important reason for VT recurrence is the presence of an epicardial substrate involved in the VT circuit which is not affected by endocardial ablation. Epicardial access and ablation is now frequently performed either after failed endocardial VT ablation or as first-line treatment in selected patients. This review will focus on the available evidence for identifying VT of epicardial origin, and discuss in which patients an epicardial approach would be benefitial.
조직공학적 연골재생을 위한 In Vivo 환경에서의 케라틴/PLGA 지지체의 효과 (2009)

Articular cartilage that is difficult to recovery when damaged needs to tissue engineering. keratin are the intermediate filament proteins that form a dense meshwork of filaments throughout the of cells and generally expressed in particular pairs of type I and type II keratin proteins in a-specific and cellular differentiation-specific manner. In this study, we are developing an alternative approach that consists of generating chondrocytes anchored to poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) scaffolds impregnated keratin(keratin/PLGA) using tissue-engineering principles. We prepared PLGA and keratin/PLGA scaffolds using solvent casting/salt leaching method. Chondrocytes were isolated from the articular cartilage of New Zealand white rabbit and cultured With DMEM/Ham`s F-12 supplemented with 10 % FBS, 1 % penicillin streptomycin, 200 mM L-glutamin, 50 ?g/ml of ascorbic acid and 15 mM HEPES buffer 1M. After 2weeks of cell seeding, we implanted keratin /PLGA scaffolds on the back of nude mice. Morphological observation, histology, biological assay for collagen and sGAG, and PCR were performed at each time point 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks. The cell viability and the quantity of collagen and sGAG were better keratin/PLGA scaffolds than PLGA scaffolds. Specific mRNA, type II and type I collagen, for chondrocyte expressed significantly highly in keratin/PLGA scaffold. keratin/PLGA scaffold promotes in vivo chondrocyte of rabbit articular chondrocytes. This study suggests that keratin/PLGA scaffold may serve as a potential cell delivery vehicle and a structural basis for in vivo tissue engineered articular cartilage.
A light responsive two-component supramolecular hydrogel: a sensitive platform for the fabrication of humidity sensors (2016)

The supramolecular assembly of anionic azobenzene dicarboxylate and cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) formed a stimuli responsive hydrogel with a critical gelation concentration (CGC) of 0.33 wt%. This self-sustainable two-component system was able to repair damage upon light irradiation. Moreover, it was successfully employed in the fabrication of highly sensitive humidity sensors for the first time.
Progesterone Function in Human Endometrium: Clinical Perspectives (2010)

Progesterone is essential for endometrial receptivity and successful establishment of pregnancy. Either an insufficient progesterone concentration or an insufficient response to progesterone, therefore can lead to infertility and pregnancy loss. Assessment of the role that either progesterone insufficiency or inadequate progesterone response plays in human reproductive failure has been difficult to assess because serum progesterone concentrations fluctuate markedly, limiting the ability to characterize sufficiency of progesterone, and there are no highly reliable markers of endometrial function available. Recent evidence demonstrates exquisite sensitivity of normal endometrium to very low levels of progesterone stimulation, suggesting that progesterone insufficiency should not be a common cause of reproductive failure. Further evidence suggests that women with endometriosis, and possibly polycystic ovarian syndrome, have an altered progesterone response, which may explain some of the clinical features of these disorders and supports the hypothesis that progesterone resistance underlies some cases of human reproductive failure.
Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth- and Sixth-Order Net-Proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC (2023)

We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants (C_{5}, C_{6}) and factorial cumulants (κ_{5}, κ_{6}) of net-proton and proton number distributions, from center-of-mass energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) 3 GeV to 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Cumulant ratios of net-proton (taken as proxy for net-baryon) distributions generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at 3 GeV. The measured values of C_{6}/C_{2} for 0%-40% centrality collisions show progressively negative trend with decreasing energy, while it is positive for the lowest energy studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (for baryon chemical potential, μ_{B}≤110 MeV) which contains the crossover transition range. In addition, for energies above 7.7 GeV, the measured proton κ_{n}, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component (Poisson+binomial) shape of proton number distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyperorder proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density, μ_{B}∼750 MeV at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV is starkly different from those at vanishing μ_{B}∼24 MeV at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and higher collision energies.
Supercapacitive microbial desalination cells: New class of power generating devices for reduction of salinity content (2017)

In this work, the electrodes of a microbial desalination cell (MDC) are investigated as the positive and negative electrodes of an internal supercapacitor. The resulting system has been named a supercapacitive microbial desalination cell (SC-MDC). The electrodes are self-polarized by the red-ox reactions and therefore the anode acts as a negative electrode and the cathode as a positive electrode of the internal supercapacitor. In order to overcome cathodic losses, an additional capacitive electrode (AdE) was added and short-circuited with the SC-MDC cathode (SC-MDC-AdE). A total of 7600 discharge/self-recharge cycles (equivalent to 44 h of operation) of SC-MDC-AdE with a desalination chamber filled with an aqueous solution of 30 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl are reported. The same reactor system was operated with real seawater collected from Pacific Ocean for 88 h (15,100 cycles). Maximum power generated was 1.63 ± 0.04 W m<sup>-2</sup> for SC-MDC and 3.01 ± 0.01 W m<sup>-2</sup> for SC-MDC-AdE. Solution conductivity in the desalination reactor decreased by ∼50% after 23 h and by more than 60% after 44 h. There was no observable change in the pH during cell operation. Power/current pulses were generated without an external power supply.
Tracking of Static/Autoconfigured IPv6 addresses (2013)

Network operators commonly use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) to assign IP addresses to the hosts, and track them. However,
the tracking capability is lost when stateless autoconfiguration or
manual methods are used to assign IPv6 addresses. This document
proposes a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) based
mechanism that the last hop router can use to convey the hosts'
IPv6 addresses for the tracking and logging purposes, without
requiring any changes to the hosts.
Nonlinear Elasticity Imaging: Theory and Phantom Study (2004)

In tissue the Young's modulus cannot be assumed constant over a wide deformation range. For example, direct mechanical measurements on human prostate show up to a threefold increase in Young's modulus over a 10% deformation. In conventional elasticity imaging, these effects produce strain-dependent elastic contrast. Ignoring these effects generally leads to suboptimal contrast (stiffer tissues at lower strain are contrasted against softer tissues at higher strain), but measuring the nonlinear behavior results in enhanced tissue differentiation. To demonstrate the methods extracting nonlinear elastic properties, both simulations and measurements were performed on an agar-gelatin phantom. Multiple frames of phase-sensitive ultrasound data are acquired as the phantom is deformed by 12%. All interframe displacement data are brought back to the geometry of the first frame to form a three-dimensional (3-D) data set (depth, lateral, and preload dimensions). Data are fit to a 3-D second order polynomial model for each pixel that adjusts for deformation irregularities. For the phantom geometry and elastic properties considered in this paper, reconstructed frame-to-frame strain images using this model result in improved contrast to noise ratios (CNR) at all preload levels, without any sacrifice in spatial resolution. From the same model, strain hardening at all preload levels can be extracted. This is an independent contrast mechanism. Its maximum CNR occurs at 5.13% preload, and it is a 54% improvement over the best case (preload 10.6%) CNR for frame-to-frame strain reconstruction. Actual phantom measurements confirm the essential features of the simulation. Results show that modeling of the nonlinear elastic behavior has the potential to both increase detectability in elasticity imaging and provide a new independent mechanism for tissue differentiation.
A mouse-human phase 1 co-clinical trial of a protease-activated fluorescent probe for imaging cancer (2016)

Local recurrence is a common cause of treatment failure for patients with solid tumors. Intraoperative detection of microscopic residual cancer in the tumor bed could be used to decrease the risk of a positive surgical margin, reduce rates of reexcision, and tailor adjuvant therapy. We used a protease-activated fluorescent imaging probe, LUM015, to detect cancer in vivo in a mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and ex vivo in a first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial. In mice, intravenous injection of LUM015 labeled tumor cells, and residual fluorescence within the tumor bed predicted local recurrence. In 15 patients with STS or breast cancer, intravenous injection of LUM015 before surgery was well tolerated. Imaging of resected human tissues showed that fluorescence from tumor was significantly higher than fluorescence from normal tissues. LUM015 biodistribution, pharmacokinetic profiles, and metabolism were similar in mouse and human subjects. Tissue concentrations of LUM015 and its metabolites, including fluorescently labeled lysine, demonstrated that LUM015 is selectively distributed to tumors where it is activated by proteases. Experiments in mice with a constitutively active PEGylated fluorescent imaging probe support a model where tumor-selective probe distribution is a determinant of increased fluorescence in cancer. These co-clinical studies suggest that the tumor specificity of protease-activated imaging probes, such as LUM015, is dependent on both biodistribution and enzyme activity. Our first-in-human data support future clinical trials of LUM015 and other protease-sensitive probes.
InP-based monolithically integrated optical waveguide isolator with 32 dB/em isolation (2004)

Based on the use of a transversally magnetized ferromagnetic metal as the electric contact of an active waveguide structure, a monolithically integrated optical isolator with an isolation ratio of 32 dB/cm is developed.
Application of Selective Separation Sintering in Ceramics 3D Printing (2015)

Application of Selective Separation Sintering (SSS) in ceramics 3D printing promises to print ceramic parts at comparatively lower cost with high quality. SSS is a layer based 3D printing approach. In the printing process, a dry powder of higher sintering temperature is deposited into the base material layer. The inserted powder defines the boundary of the part and separates the part from its surroundings. When printing of all layers is completed, the deposited dry powder serves as a separation coating which defines the shape of the part. In the sintering process the base material is sintered into a solid part while the separation coating remains as loose powder. The part is then separated from the adjacent sections from the separation coating and post processed if necessary. Preliminary results have proven the capability of SSS in printing ceramic parts. Future experiments are planned for improving the process resolution.
Saturation measurements in AC machines using carrier signal injection (2002)

This paper presents a technique for measuring the position and magnitude of saliencies in AC machines by injecting a balanced, three-phase, carrier signal. The technique allows detection of where a machine saturates under a full range operating conditions, without any modification to the machine design or construction. From these measurements insight into the causes of saturation and suggestions for improvement in the machine design can be obtained. Experimental results on an induction machine show that saturation-induced saliencies can he significant at allow levels and are not fixed in position relative to any component of flux. Detailed analysis and discussion of the experimental results are included.
Antiangiogenic Actions of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A 165 b, an Inhibitory Isoform of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A, in Human Obesity (2014)

We demonstrate that impaired adipose tissue angiogenesis is associated with overexpression of a novel antiangiogenic factor, VEGF-A165b, that may play a pathogenic role in human adiposopathy. Moreover, systemic upregulation of VEGF-A165b in circulating blood may have wider-ranging implications beyond the adipose milieu. VEGF-A165b may represent a novel area of investigation to gain further understanding of mechanisms that modulate the cardiometabolic consequences of obesity.
Micromechanical resonators with integrated waveguides and Fabry-Perot cavities (2006)

Micromechanical resonators incorporating waveguide Fabry-Perot cavities are designed and losses affecting optical finesse are studied. A doubling of the effective Q-factor in a coupledoptical-mechanical resonator is obtained, enabling high-resolution resonant sensors with optical readout.
Reduced‐trellis equalization using the M‐BCJR algorithm (2001)

Abstract The complexity of channel equalization using the BCJR algorithm [Bahl LR et al. IEEE Transactions on Info. Theory 1974; 20 : 284–287] grows exponentially with the channel memory. The M‐BCJR algorithm [Franz V, Anderson J. IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm . 1998; 16 (2): 186–195] provides a method for reduced‐trellis channel equalization, but its performance varies significantly with the distribution of a channel energy to its taps. This paper proposes a variation of the M‐algorithm, based on the implementation of the BCJR algorithm in the logarithmic domain, which can offer robust performance. Designer choices such as the decision delay, maximum and minimum phase transformation, and selection of states are discussed. Simulation results demonstrate the effect of different parameters on the proposed algorithm's performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Peak compression and resolution for electrophoretic separations in diverging microchannels (2004)

We report the results of experiments and simulations on electrokinetic flow in diverging microchannels (with cross-sectional area that increases with distance along the channel). Because of conservation of mass and charge, the velocity of an analyte in the channel decreases as the channel cross-section increases. Consequently, the leading edge of a band of sample moves more slowly than the trailing edge and the sample band is compressed. Sample peak widths, rather than increasing diffusively with time, can then be controlled by the geometry of the channel and can even be made to decrease with time. We consider the possibility of using this peak compression effect to improve the resolution of electrophoretic separations. Our results indicate that for typical separations that are dispersion limited, this peak compression effect is more than offset by the decreased distance between peaks, and the separation resolution in diverging channels is worse than that found for straight channels at the same applied voltage. For separations in very short channels or at very high field strengths, however, when the separation efficiency is injection limited, the peak compression effect is dominant and diverging channels can then be used to achieve improved separation resolution.
Subcellular distributions of iron oxide nanoparticles in rat brains affected by different surface modifications (2019)

The impact of the surface modification on the subcellular distribution of nanoparticles in the brain remains elusive. The nanoparticles prepared by conjugating polyethylene glycol and maleic anhydride-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Mal-SPIONs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA/Mal-SPIONs) and with Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (RGD/Mal-SPIONs) were injected into the rat substantia nigra. Observation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples obtained 24 h after perfusion showed that abundant RGD/Mal-SPIONs accumulated in the myelin sheath, dendrites, axon terminals and mitochondria, and on cell membranes in the brain tissue near the injection site. For rats injected with BSA/Mal-SPIONs, a few nanoparticles accumulated in the myelin sheath, axon terminals, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi, and lysosomes of neurons and glial cells while least SPIONs in rats injected with Mal-SPIONs were found. TEM pictures showed some Mal-SPIONs were expelled out of the brain. RGD/Mal-SPIONs diffused extensively to the thalamus, frontal cortex, temporal lobe, olfactory bulb, and brain stem after injection. Only a few BSA/Mal-SPIONs diffused to the afore-mentioned brain areas. This work reveals different surface modifications on the iron oxide nanoparticles play crucial roles in their distribution and diffusion in the rat brains.