gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous estimation of thickness and refractive index of layered gradient refractive index optics using a hybrid confocal-scan swept-source optical coherence tomography system (2015)

A hybrid confocal-scan swept-source optical coherence tomography metrology system was conceived for simultaneous measurements of the refractive index and thickness profiles of polymeric layered gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics. An uncertainty analysis predicts the metrology capability of the system and guides the selection of an optimum working numerical aperture. Experimental results on both a monolithic and a GRIN layered sheet are demonstrated to be in close agreement with theoretical predictions. Index measurement precision reached 0.0001 and 0.0008 for measuring 2.8 mm and ~300 µm thick layers, respectively. The thicknesses of these layers were simultaneously measured with a precision of 0.28 and 0.17 µm, respectively.
Radiated EMI Reduction with Double Shielding Techniques in Active-clamp Flyback Converters (2021)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) issue becomes a headache problem when the switching frequency has been pushed higher and higher for the smaller size and higher power density. Up to now, the conducted EMI can be controlled very well with decades of exploration and research. However, the radiated EMI is still hard to be understood and controlled, the techniques to reduce the radiated EMI are limited. In this paper, active-clamp flyback converters are taken as the example, the radiation model is developed, the double shielding technique is proposed to mitigate the radiated EMI effectively no matter the EMI filters are placed on the AC line or DC bus. The concept of this technique is explained in detail, the experiments are conducted to verify the analysis. The guideline to choose the appropriate connection method of the double shielding technique is given for both the AC line and DC bus EMI filters.
21.3: A 13.5‐in. Quad‐FHD Flexible CAAC‐OS AMOLED Display with Long‐Life OLED Device Structure (2014)

Abstract In this study, the device structure of a white tandem OLED is changed to control the emission area to achieve less luminance decay. A long‐life 13.5‐inch 4K flexible CAAC‐OS AMOLED with less color shift and high resolution is fabricated using this long‐life white OLED, transfer technology, and a CAAC‐OS FET.
Determination of chromium and titanium in silica-based catalysts by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry (1992)

Samples were prepared by different methods, for determination by ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry, of chromium and titanium in silica-based catalysts prepared by saturating gas–solid reactions of titanium tetrachloride and tris(acetylacetone)chromium. Chromium was determined in basic solution as chromate and titanium in acidic solution as its peroxy complex. Chromium(III) was oxidized to chromium(VI) either in concentrated sodium hydroxide solution with hydrogen peroxide, or by heating in air at 400 °C. The latter method enabled the chromium to be leached with de-ionized water without decomposition of the silica. Depending on the reaction temperature used in the catalyst preparation, titanium was released either by decomposing the silica in concentrated sodium hydroxide solution or by leaching with dilute sulfuric acid. Comparison with chromium determinations by atomic absorption spectrometry, and titanium determinations by instrumental neutron activation analysis, demonstrated the quantitative nature of the determinations by UV/VIS spectrophotometry and confirmed the efficiency of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution in bringing titanium and chromium into solution. Because the exact history of the preparation of the catalyst was known, the determinations could be simplified and the chromium and titanium species on silica be characterized by means of different sample preparations.
Special Issue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience from the Microsoft eScience Workshop (2010)

Abstract Facilitating time to discovery by scientists through computing is an idea that has been around for a significant amount of time. Often, however, domain scientists and computer scientists work in parallel rather than in collaboration with one another. It has been a goal of this workshop (the fifth of its kind) to showcase the examples of such collaborations or tools that enable these collaborations to flourish. This editorial provides an overview of papers requested from a sampling of applied scientific collaborations that were presented at the 2008 Microsoft eScience Workshop. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cross-immunogenicity of topological mimics of peptide antigens (2005)

Peptide side chain topology plays a central role in peptide antigenicity. Antibody recognition is preserved with peptide mimics resembling the parent peptide's original side chain stereochemical arrangement [1]. Recent work from our group suggested that peptide antigens could be sequence-simplified while maintaining at least part of the antigenic properties of the parent peptide. Synthetic variants of antigenic peptides, one lacking the side chains in the sequence odd position and the other in even position, prepared by replacing amino acid residues in the parent peptide with glycine residues alternately in the sequence, cross-reacted to a significant extent with antibodies raised against the parent peptide [2]. In order to extend our ongoing investigation on the mechanisms responsible for peptide antigenicity, polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against two sequence simplified variants and their ability to recognize the parent antigen was examined by direct and competitive ELISA assays, by plasmon resonance experiments, and by affinity chromatography.
Overlay Protection Against Link Failures Using Network Coding (2011)

This paper introduces a network coding-based protection scheme against single- and multiple-link failures. The proposed strategy ensures that in a connection, each node receives two copies of the same data unit: one copy on the working circuit and a second copy that can be extracted from linear combinations of data units transmitted on a shared protection path. This guarantees instantaneous recovery of data units upon the failure of a working circuit. The strategy can be implemented at an overlay layer, which makes its deployment simple and scalable. While the proposed strategy is similar in spirit to the work of Kamal in 2007 2010, there are significant differences. In particular, it provides protection against multiple-link failures. The new scheme is simpler, less expensive, and does not require the synchronization required by the original scheme. The sharing of the protection circuit by a number of connections is the key to the reduction of the cost of protection. This paper also conducts a comparison of the cost of the proposed scheme to the 1+1 and shared backup path protection (SBPP) strategies and establishes the benefits of our strategy.
Seismic investigations of the Martian near-surface at the InSight landing site (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The InSight ultra-sensitive broadband seismometer package (SEIS) was installed on the Martian surface with the goal to study the seismicity on Mars and the deep interior of the Planet. A second surface-based instrument, the heat flow and physical properties package HP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, was placed on the Martian ground about 1.1 m away from SEIS. HP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; includes a self-hammering probe called the &amp;amp;#8216;mole&amp;amp;#8217; to measure the heat coming from Mars' interior at shallow depth to reveal the planet's thermal history. While SEIS was designed to study the deep structure of Mars, seismic signals such as the hammering &amp;amp;#8216;noise&amp;amp;#8217; as well as ambient and other instrument-generated vibrations allow us to investigate the shallow subsurface. The resultant near-surface elastic property models provide additional information to interpret the SEIS data and allow extracting unique geotechnical information on the Martian regolith.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The seismic signals recorded during HP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; mole operations provide information about the mole attitude and health as well as shed light on the near-surface, despite the fact that the HP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3 &amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;mole continues to have difficulty penetrating below 40 cm (one mole length). The seismic investigation of the HP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; hammering signals, however, was not originally planned during mission design and hence faced several technical challenges. For example, the anti-aliasing filters of the seismic-data acquisition chain were adapted when recording the mole hammering to allow recovering information above the nominal Nyquist frequency. In addition, the independently operating SEIS, HP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and lander clocks had to be correlated more frequently than in normal operation to enable high-precision timing.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To date, the analysis of the hammering signals allowed us to constrain the bulk P-wave velocity of the volume between the mole tip and SEIS (top 30 cm) to around 120 m/s. This low velocity value is compatible with laboratory tests performed on Martian regolith analogs with a density of around 1500 kg/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;. Furthermore, the SEIS leveling system resonances, seismic recordings of atmospheric pressure signals, HP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; housekeeping data, and imagery provide additional constraints to establish a first seismic model of the shallow (topmost meters) subsurface at the landing site.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Solid‐state conformation of copolymers of β‐benzyl‐L‐aspartate with L‐alanine, L‐leucine, L‐valine, γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate, or ϵ‐carbobenzoxy‐L‐lysine (1980)

Abstract The solid‐state conformation of copolymers of β‐benzyl‐ L ‐aspartate [ L ‐Asp(OBzl)] with L ‐leucine ( L ‐Leu), L ‐alanine ( L ‐Ala), L ‐valine ( L ‐Val), γ‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate [ L ‐Glu(OBzl)], or ϵ‐carbobenzoxy‐ L ‐lysine (Cbz‐ L ‐Lys) has been studied by ir spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The ir spectra in the region of the amide I and II bands and in the region of 700–250 cm −1 have been determined. The results from the ir studies are in good agreement with data obtained by CD experiments. Incorporation of the amino acid residues mentioned above into poly[ L ‐Asp(OBzl)] induces a change from the left‐handed into the right‐handed α‐helix. This conformational change for the poly[ L ‐Asp(OBzl)] copolymers was observed in the following composition ranges: L ‐Leu, 0–15 mol %; L ‐Ala, 0–32 mol %; L ‐Val, 0–8 mol %; L ‐Glu(OBzl), 3–10 mol %; and Cbz‐ L ‐Lys, 0–9 mol %.
Table-top Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Aerial Imaging of Lithographic Masks (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. Brizuela, S. Carbajo, A. Sakdinawat, Y. Wang, D. Alessi, D. Martz, B. Luther, K. Goldberg, D. Attwood, B. La Fontaine, J. Rocca, and C. Menoni, "Table-top Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Aerial Imaging of Lithographic Masks," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper AFA5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Vasopressin treatment lowers renal outer medullary epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels in Brattleboro rats (2011)

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been shown to exert an inhibitory effect on the type 2 Na-K-2Cl−-cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb (TAL; He H et al. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 284(6):F1235-44). Tissue levels of bioactive EETs are determined in part by the activity of soluble epoxid hydrolase 2 (sEH) which metabolizes EETs to their corresponding, less active, diols (DHETs). We here tested the hypothesis that vasopressin (AVP), a major regulator of NKCC2 activity, decreases EET levels within the outer medulla (OM) of AVP-deficient Brattleboro (DI) rats through activation of sEH. To test this, adult DI rats were treated for 3 days with the V2 AVP receptor agonist desmopressin (dDAVP, 5ng/h; 3d) or its vehicle via osmotic minipump. OM EET- levels were measured by mass spectrometry and sEH levels were determined by quantitative real time PCR. dDAVP treatment caused significant reductions in OM EET levels as compared to controls (−56±3% for 5,6-EET, −50±3.4% for 11,12-EET and −60±3.7% for 14,15-EET; p < .05 each). Concomitantly, OM sEH mRNA levels were increased (+160±37%, p < .05). In summary, we have shown that an activation of AVP signalling causes an upregulation of sEH which is accompanied by a reduction in tissue levels of free EET. Regulation of sEH expression may therefore be an important mechanism of AVP mediated urine concentration.
Biocatalytically Oligomerized Epicatechin with Potent and Specific Anti-proliferative Activity for Human Breast Cancer Cells (2008)

Catechins, naturally occurring flavonoids derived from wine and green tea, are known to exhibit multiple health benefits. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the most widely investigated catechins, but its efficacy in cancer therapy is still inconsistent and limited. The poor stability of EGCG has contributed to the disparity in the reported anti-cancer activity and other beneficial properties. Here we report an innovative enzymatic strategy for the oligomerization of catechins (specifically epicatechin) that yields stable, water-soluble oligomerized epicatechins with enhanced and highly specific anti-proliferative activity for human breast cancer cells. This one-pot oxidative oligomerization is carried out in ambient conditions using Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) as a catalyst yielding water-soluble oligo(epicatechins). The oligomerized epicatechins obtained exhibit excellent growth inhibitory effects against human breast cancer cells with greater specificity towards growth-inhibiting cancer cells as opposed to normal cells, achieving a high therapeutic differential. Our studies indicate that water-soluble oligomeric epicatechins surpass EGCG in stability, selectivity and efficacy at lower doses.
High-speed, low-threshold InGaAsP semi-insulating buried crescent lasers with 22 GHz bandwidth (1992)

The authors have fabricated high-speed, low-threshold 1.3 mu m InGaAsP semi-insulating buried crescent lasers with a CW 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 22 GHz and a threshold current as low as 6.5 mA at room temperature. This is the highest 3 dB modulation bandwidth ever reported for the planar-type semiconductor laser. These results were achieved by implementing a submicron photolithographic process in the channel etching to reduce the cavity width and a polyimide dielectric layer under the bonding pad area to minimize the electrical parasitics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Radioisotopic Evaluation Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) before and after Kidney Donation (2018)

Background Because of the decrease of the nephron mass following nephrectomy, kidney donors (KD) develop a partial loss of renal function defined as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) according to KDIGO criteria (Clinical Practice Guideline, 2012). The recovery of renal function following AKI is mainly ascribed to the concept of renal functional reserve (RFR), defined as the capacity of the kidney to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, only few studies correlated RFR in KD with long term functional outcomes. Aim of the Study The aim of the present study was to analyse 30 KD renal function before nephrectomy, in the immediate postoperative period and 1 year after the surgical procedure, developing the concept of estimated RFR (eRFR) for the long term follow-up of renal function in KD. Results KD mean age at the time of donation was 54.4 years (min-max, 30-78), mean serum creatinine 0.73 mg/dL (0.5-0.96), eGFR (CKD-EPI) 99 mL/min/1.73m2 (69-119) and radioisotope (51Cr-EDTA) GFR 101.4 mL/min (78-129). The split function was evaluated by concomitant scintigraphy using 99mTc-MAG: the mean percentage of renal function of right kidney was 48% (43-56) and left 52% (44-57), respectively. As expected, immediately after nephrectomy all KD worsened renal function: the mean percentage increase of serum creatinine was 79% (50-112.2%) within 72 hours post-surgery; most of KD (25/30) developed AKI stage 1, and 5 KD AKI stage 2 according to KDIGO criteria. Seven days after surgery, renal recovery was observed in all cases: the mean percentage increase of serum creatinine (50.6%) was significantly lower than the zenith of serum creatinine. These results suggest a potential gain of about 30% in comparison to the starting value of the right kidney. One year after nephrectomy (all KD were subjected to left nephrectomies), we studied KD renal function (GFR) by radioisotopic evaluation using 51Cr-EDTA and we then compared it with the split radioisotope (51Cr-EDTA) GFR of the right kidney at the first scintigraphic evaluation. Mean GFR was 68.8 mL/min (50-87) vs. 48.6 mL/min (39.7-60.4) before donation with an average GFR increase of 20 mL/min (0.8-45.6) and a percentage increase of the right renal function up to 110% (mean 42%, min 1.4%). Conclusions The results of this study show that radioisotopic evaluation is feasible and allows an estimated determination of RFR at different time points after nephrectomy in KD. We observed a compensatory hypertrophy due to RFR in all the 30 KD included in the study, independently from age and co-morbidities such as elevated BMI and hypertension. The limitation of this study is the evaluation of RFR only after the decrease of the nephron mass due to donation: we have now started a kidney stress test with a protein load to estimate RFR of KD before surgery with the aim of finding a correlation with radioisotpic GFR after nephrectomy.
Supplementary Figure S4. Distinct HPV methylation in genic regions between CIN and ICC and CIN3 and SCC from Targeted, Deep Sequencing Reveals Full Methylation Profiles of Multiple HPV Types and Potential Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Methylation differences among genic regions between (A) CIN and ICC or (B) CIN3 and SCC in all HPV types. Methylation difference (%) was calculated by subtracting the mean methylation rate of CIN or CIN3 from the mean methylation rate of ICC or SCC at a specific genic region. Dashed lines imply p values = 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;
An ESR study of bulk and interface defects in P-SiO, P-SiON, and P-SiN films on (100) Si substrates (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Association of SLC32A1 Missense Variants With Genetic Epilepsy With Febrile Seizures Plus (2021)

Missense variants in <i>SLC32A1</i> cause GEFS+ and IGE. These variants are predicted to alter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport into synaptic vesicles, leading to altered neuronal inhibition. Examination of further epilepsy cohorts will determine the full genotype-phenotype spectrum associated with <i>SLC32A1</i> variants.
DNA binding properties of the deoxyguanosine triphosphate triphosphohydrolase of Escherichia coli. (1993)

The dgt gene of Escherichia coli encodes a deoxyguanosine triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dGTPase) that hydrolyzes dGTP to deoxyguanosine and tripolyphosphate. The enzyme is highly specific for dGTP which is hydrolyzed with a Km of 2-5 microM. Nitrocellulose filter binding assays demonstrate that, under physiological salt conditions, dGTPase binds with apparent cooperativity to single-stranded DNA with an association constant of 7.7 x 10(6) M-1. In the presence of NaCl, dGTPase binds weakly to double-stranded DNA. In the absence of NaCl, dGTPase binds both single- and double-stranded DNA with an association constant of 1 x 10(7) M-1. The dGTPase-double-stranded DNA complex, however, is readily dissociated with NaCl. Divalent cations such as Mg2+ or Mn2+ enhance, but are not required for DNA binding. The presence of dGTP or GTP does not effect the ability of dGTPase to bind DNA. dGTPase binds to oligonucleotides of length 17-35, but with lower affinities. The homopolymers poly(dT) and poly(rU) act as effective competitors of single-stranded DNA for binding to dGTPase. The bacteriophage T7 gene 1.2 protein, which specifically inhibits the enzymatic activity of dGTPase, also prevents dGTPase from binding to single-stranded DNA. dGTPase inhibits the activity of T7 DNA polymerase on a poly(dA)-oligo(dT) template. This inhibition is reversed by prior incubation of dGTPase with the T7 gene 1.2 protein.
Improved Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles by Removal of Both Free Proteins and Lipoproteins (2023)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells into biofluids such as plasma. The separation of EVs from highly abundant free proteins and similarly-sized lipoproteins remains technically challenging. We developed a digital ELISA assay based on Single Molecule Array (Simoa) technology for ApoB-100, the protein component of several lipoproteins. Combining this ApoB-100 assay with previously developed Simoa assays for albumin and three tetraspanin proteins found on EVs (Ter-Ovanesyan*, Norman* et al., 2021), we were able to measure the separation of EVs from both lipoproteins and free proteins. We used these five assays to compare EV separation from lipoproteins using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with resins containing different pore sizes. We also developed improved methods for EV isolation based on combining several types of chromatography resins in the same column. We present a simple approach to quantitatively measure the main contaminants of EV isolation in plasma and apply this approach to develop novel methods for isolating highly-pure EVs from human plasma. These methods will enable applications where high purity EVs are required to both understand EV biology and profile EVs for biomarker discovery.
Promoter demethylation in MMTV/N‐rasN transgenic mice required for transgene expression and tumorigenesis (1995)

We studied demethylation within the transgene promoter in transgenic mice carrying the N-ras proto-oncogene driven by the mouse mammary tumor long terminal repeat (MMTV/N-rasN) and the relationship of demethylation to transgene overexpression and tumorigenesis. Demethylation at Fspl or Clal sites correlated with age of the animal and transgene expression in nontumorous mammary gland. Demethylation preceded expression in this tissue. In lymphomas and mammary tumors, the promoter Fspl and Clal sites were significantly more demethylated than in nontumorous control tissues. The Aval, Cfol, and Hpall sites were also found to be undermethylated in older animals and showed differences between tumor and control tissues. Two additional sites (Eagl and Narl) remained fully methylated in all tissues. In contrast with normal tissue, demethylation at the Fspl and Clal sites and expression were not correlated in tumor tissue. An increase in expression in normal tissue initially occurred and was correlated with the level of promoter demethylation; this increase was followed by a further increment in transgene expression when tumors developed. Thus, promoter demethylation leading to transgene overexpression was associated with long-latency tumorigenesis in MMTV/N-rasN transgenic mice. Demethylation of proto-oncogene promoters may therefore be a mechanism of carcinogenesis that requires further investigation in human tumors.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Modified for Individuals who are Visually Impaired (2010)

Evaluating the cognitive status of individuals who are visually impaired is limited by the design of the test that is used. This article presents data on the sensitivity and specificity of the version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for people who are visually impaired. The original validation data were reanalyzed, excluding the five visual items. The results indicated that the specificity was excellent, while sensitivity was reduced; however, the recommended proportionally adjusted cutoff values showed better sensitivity.