gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic variant in SPDL1 reveals novel mechanism linking pulmonary fibrosis risk and cancer protection (2021)

Abstract Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a rare disease with poor prognosis. By contrast, cancer is common in any elderly population and a leading killer, but is now often curable. Of note, whereas IPF is driven by cellular senescence, cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division. Using data available from two large biobank-based studies (Finnish FinnGen study and UK biobank), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the shared genetic background of IPF and cancer. In a population sample of 218,792 Finns with complete longitudinal health histories, we estimated the effect of individual genetic variants to the lifetime risk of IPF and cancer. We extend the analysis from IPF-GWAS to pan-cancer meta-analysis over FinnGen and UK Biobank and finally to the identification of genetic drivers of somatic chromosomal alterations. We detected six loci ( SPDL1, MAD1L1, MAP2K1, RTEL1-STMN3, TERC-ACTRT3, OBFC1 ) associated with both IPF and cancer, all closely related to cellular division. However, each individual signal is found with opposite effects over the two diseases, termed as antagonistic pleiotropy. Several of these loci ( TERC-ACTRT3, RTEL1-STMN3, OBFC1 ) are among the strongest inherited factors for constitutive telomere length variation and consistently indicate that shorter telomere length would increase the risk for IPF but protect from malignancy. However, a Finnish enriched SPDL1 missense variant and a common MAD1L1 intronic variant had no effect on telomere length but were shown to protect individuals from accumulation of somatic mutations. The decreased risk of cancer in SPDL1 and MAD1L1 variant carriers might result from a lower number of chromosomal alterations accumulated over time, conversely leading to fibrosis in the lung due to cellular senescence-induced inflammation. We hypothesize that the SPDL1 missense variant functions as gain-of-function mutation, leading to cellular senescence, a barrier to cancer and a driver of fibrosis in IPF. If translated to therapy, these findings might not only be able to offer relief to individuals with IPF, but also to protect from onset of cancer.
Size-dependent nanodiamond-graphite phase transition at 8 GPa (2007)

The size-dependent diamond-graphite phase transition was detected in the course of a study of the growth of nanosized diamond particles under conditions of thermal treatment at 8 GPa. It was found that a critical size of diamond nanoparticles, on reaching which they transformed into graphite, was reached at 1623 K and a treatment time of 60 s, and it was equal to ∼18 nm. The activation energy of the solid-phase growth of nanosized diamond particles at 8 GPa was determined to be 112±8 kJ/mol.
Intestinal Expression of the Calbindin-D9K Gene in Transgenic Mice (1998)

The calbindin-D9K gene encodes a vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein that is expressed as a marker of small intestine differentiation. We have shown that 4580 base pairs of its 5' DNA regulatory region can target reporter transgene expression in the intestine and cause this transgene to respond like the endogenous gene to vitamin D active metabolite and that the homeoprotein Cdx2 is bound to the TATA box in the intestine. We now show that the 4580 base pairs construct confers a differentiated pattern of reporter transgene expression in the intestine and that cooperation between the proximal promoter and a distal element located in an opened chromatin structure is responsible for the intestinal expression and vitamin D responsiveness of the transgene. Gel shift and footprinting assays using duodenal nuclear extracts indicate that this distal element contains a Cdx2-binding site. Finally, a mutation in this distal Cdx2-binding site dramatically decreases intestinal expression in transgenic mice. This report, using an in vivo approach, demonstrates the crucial role of Cdx2 for the transcription of an intestinal gene.
Water in the Cloud: Understanding Water Chemistry via the Internet of Things (2019)

Water treatment is one of those essential elements of modern life that is taken for granted by the general population. We describe the ability to remotely understand and improve water chemistry using IoT devices attached to the cloud. The commercial benefits of this IoT connectivity are substantial, including: reduced chemical usage, improved chemical inventory management, safer operation (fewer and less critical alarms), reduced maintenance costs, and higher quality water.
Emerging therapeutic targets in nitric oxide-dependent cardiac disease (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas that plays paracrine/autocrine and intracrine roles in maintaining physiological cardiovascular performance. In the coronary circulation, NO mediates endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to shear stress and agonist-induced responses to neurohumoral stimulation. In the heart, NO modulates myocardial relaxation, beta-adrenergic responses, mitochondrial respiration and substrate metabolism and excitation-contraction coupling. Endothelial dysfunction and the resulting decrease in the production, bioavailability and/or second messenger response-coupling has been implicated in coronary artery disease and complications associated with restenosis following coronary angioplasty, stent placement and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, there are a number of pathophysiological conditions (ischaemia-reperfusion, cardiac transplant rejection, myocarditis, sepsis) in which unregulated overproduction of NO and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in deleterious effects on cardiac function. Given the importance of NO in cardiac physiology/pathophysiology it may serve as a potential target for interventions aimed at deterring therapeutic failures of percutaneous or surgical treatments of cardiac disease as well as serving as a primary medical intervention. This review will examine the function of NO in mediating/modulating cardiac function, stressing the concept that, depending on the milieu, NO has the potential to exert either beneficial or deleterious effects on cardiac function. Moreover, this review will summarise studies in laboratory models and human studies in which NO activity, production, availability, or second messenger activation has been enhanced or inhibited in order to provide new insight for future targeting of this system for drug development.
A DC-to-44-GHz 19dB Gain Amplifier in 90nm CMOS Using Capacitive Bandwidth Enhancement (2006)

A DC-to-44GHz amplifier with 19dB differential gain in a standard 90nm CMOS technology is presented. Capacitive bandwidth and group-delay enhancements are combined with series peaking in a shunt-peaking amplifier. The circuit occupies 0.02mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and dissipates 57mW at 1V
Correction of Proton Resonance Frequency Shift Temperature Maps for Magnetic Field Disturbances Caused by Breathing (2006)

Respiratory Induced Resonance Offset (RIRO) is a periodic disturbance of the magnetic field due to breathing. Such disturbances handicap the accuracy of the Proton Resonance Frequency Shift (PRFS) method of MRI temperature mapping in anatomies situated nearby the lungs and chest wall. In this work, we propose a method capable of minimizing errors caused by RIRO in PRFS temperature maps. In this method, a set of baseline images characterizing RIRO at a variety of respiratory cycle instants is acquired before the thermal treatment starts. During the treatment, the temperature evolution is found from two successive images. Then, the calculated temperature changes are corrected for the additional contribution caused by RIRO using the pre‐treatment baseline images acquired at the identical instances of the respiratory cycle. Our method is shown to improve the accuracy and stability of PRFS temperature maps in the presence of RIRO and motion in phantom and volunteer experiments.
Elliptic Curve Private Key Structure (2010)

This document specifies the syntax and semantics for conveying Elliptic Curve (EC) private key information. The syntax and semantics defined herein are based on similar syntax and semantics defined by the Standards for Efficient Cryptography Group (SECG). Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
The Effect of Side-Chain Branching on the Theoretically Predicted Conformational Space Available to Amino Acid Residues (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Side-Chain Branching on the Theoretically Predicted Conformational Space Available to Amino Acid ResiduesYvonne Paterson and Sydney J. LeachCite this: Macromolecules 1978, 11, 2, 409–415Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60062a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60062a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Depthwise Convolution is All You Need for Learning Multiple Visual Domains (2019)

There is a growing interest in designing models that can deal with images from different visual domains. If there exists a universal structure in different visual domains that can be captured via a common parameterization, then we can use a single model for all domains rather than one model per domain. A model aware of the relationships between different domains can also be trained to work on new domains with less resources. However, to identify the reusable structure in a model is not easy. In this paper, we propose a multi-domain learning architecture based on depthwise separable convolution. The proposed approach is based on the assumption that images from different domains share cross-channel correlations but have domain-specific spatial correlations. The proposed model is compact and has minimal overhead when being applied to new domains. Additionally, we introduce a gating mechanism to promote soft sharing between different domains. We evaluate our approach on Visual Decathlon Challenge, a benchmark for testing the ability of multi-domain models. The experiments show that our approach can achieve the highest score while only requiring 50% of the parameters compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Cycle-Accurate Replay and Debugging of Running FPGA Systems (2015)

Finding bugs in software that are timing dependent or caused by non-deterministic inputs is notoriously difficult. In FPGAs, the problem is much worse because the visibility into the running design tends to be very low, and existing tools either gather too little data for diagnosis, or are so intrusive that they perturb the timing and may mask the bug. This leads to long FPGA development cycles, and is exacerbated by the steady increase in complexity of FPGA designs. We present a tool - Panoptic on - that logs data and timing information at key design points, extracts it from the FPGA, and uses it for cycle-accurate replay of the entire execution in simulation. This allows interactive debugging with full visibility into the design.
Segmented Polyurethane Nanocomposites:  Impact of Controlled Particle Size Nanofillers on the Morphological Response to Uniaxial Deformation (2005)

A series of TPU nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating organically modified layered silicates with controlled particle size. To our knowledge, this is the first study into the effects of layered silicate diameter in polymer nanocomposites utilizing the same mineral for each size fraction. The tensile properties of these materials were found to be highly dependent upon the size of the layered silicates. A decrease in disk diameter was associated with a sharp upturn in the stress−strain curve and a pronounced increase in tensile strength. Results from SAXS/SANS experiments showed that the layered silicates did not affect the bulk TPU microphase structure and the morphological response of the host TPU to deformation or promote/hinder strain-induced soft segment crystallization. The improved tensile properties of the nanocomposites containing the smaller nanofillers resulted from the layered silicates aligning in the direction of strain and interacting with the TPU sequences via secondary bonding. This phenomenon contributes predominantly above 400% strain once the microdomain architecture has largely been disassembled. Large tactoids that are unable to align in the strain direction lead to concentrated tensile stresses between the polymer and filler, instead of desirable shear stresses, resulting in void formation and reduced tensile properties. In severe cases, such as that observed for the composite containing the largest silicate, these voids manifest visually as stress whitening.
Carbonylation of Formaldehyde with Carbon Monoxide over Cation-Exchange Resin Catalysts (1999)

Abstract The carbonylation of formaldehyde with carbon monoxide was carried out over two kinds of cation-exchange resins as solid acid catalysts. Effects of reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were studied. From 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and GC-MS analyses of the products obtained, it was found that 1,3-dioxolan-4-one (1,3-DOX-4) is selectively produced over the cation-exchange resins. The carbonylation of formaldehyde with carbon monoxide over the cation-exchange resins proceeds under milder reaction conditions, as compared with HZSM-5 zeolite.
Nanometric depth resolution from multi-focal images in microscopy (2011)

We describe a method for tracking the position of small features in three dimensions from images recorded on a standard microscope with an inexpensive attachment between the microscope and the camera. The depth-measurement accuracy of this method is tested experimentally on a wide-field, inverted microscope and is shown to give approximately 8 nm depth resolution, over a specimen depth of approximately 6 µm, when using a 12-bit charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and very bright but unresolved particles. To assess low-flux limitations a theoretical model is used to derive an analytical expression for the minimum variance bound. The approximations used in the analytical treatment are tested using numerical simulations. It is concluded that approximately 14 nm depth resolution is achievable with flux levels available when tracking fluorescent sources in three dimensions in live-cell biology and that the method is suitable for three-dimensional photo-activated localization microscopy resolution. Sub-nanometre resolution could be achieved with photon-counting techniques at high flux levels.
Scalable Topology Discovery and Link State Detection Using Routing Events (2008)

Discovering the topology of a network and detecting link state changes (e.g.: link failures) is an essential element for various network management and monitoring tasks. In this paper, we investigate scalable mechanisms to monitor the topology and link states of networks based on information available in network nodes' routing tables. We first present an algorithm that infers the network topology based on the full or partial information about network distances between nodes, based on which we obtain a scalable network topology discovery solution via a novel use of random walk in graphs. We then present scalable algorithms to detect the state changes of remote links by monitoring the routing tables of a small fraction of the routers, where the routers to be monitored are selected by a greedy approach to an NP-complete Tree Cover problem. We show the efficacy and scalability of our topology monitoring algorithms through experimental evaluation performed both on synthetic topologies and on a large topology data-set from a real enterprise network.
Submicron-thick microcavity InGaN light emitting diodes (2008)

We report on submicron-thick microcavity light emitting diodes (MCLEDs) emitting at the wavelengths of 415 nm ~ 460 nm. These devices were fabricated by flip-chip-bonding, laser lift-off, and thinning processes. Growth of a highquality Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N interlayer and etch selectivity between N-face GaN and Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N allowed high-precision control of microcavity thickness, resulting in controlled microcavity effects. Single Fabry-Pérot modes confined in 2&lambda; ~ 2.5&lambda;-thick MCLEDs gave rise to characteristic angular emission, in contrast to a Lambertian emission. High current operation (~100 mA) showed robustness of these thin devices with promising the possibility of high-brightness application. We will discuss design and processing issues regarding photonic-crystal integration towards higher improvements in light extraction efficiency.
Sequential synthesizable embedded programmable logic cores for system-on-chip (2004)

Previous work has suggested that "soft" synthesizable programmable logic cores can efficiently provide small amounts of post-fabrication flexibility to integrated circuits. Previous architectures restrict the circuitry assigned to the core to be combinational. We present two methods to enhance these architectures to support sequential logic. We apply these methods to a previously developed fabric, and optimize and compare them. We also describe a proof-of-concept chip employing one of our techniques.
High-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, 6.151keV x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics experiments on Sandia’s Z accelerator (invited) (2006)

When used for the production of an x-ray imaging backlighter source on Sandia National Laboratories’ 20MA, 100ns rise-time Z accelerator [M. K. Matzen et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 055503 (2005)], the terawatt-class, multikilojoule, 526.57nm Z-Beamlet laser (ZBL) [P. K. Rambo et al., Appl. Opt. 44, 2421 (2005)], in conjunction with the 6.151keV, Mn–Heα curved-crystal imager [D. B. Sinars et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3672 (2004)], is capable of providing a high quality x radiograph per Z shot for various high-energy-density physics experiments. Enhancements to this imaging system during 2005 have led to the capture of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics images of significantly higher quality. The three main improvements, all leading effectively to enhanced image plane brightness, were bringing the source inside the Rowland circle to approximately double the collection solid angle, replacing direct exposure film with Fuji BAS-TR2025 image plate (read with a Fuji BAS-5000 scanner), and generating a 0.3–0.6ns, ∼200J prepulse 2ns before the 1.0ns, ∼1kJ main pulse to more than double the 6.151keV flux produced compared with a single 1kJ pulse. It appears that the 20±5μm imaging resolution is limited by the 25μm scanning resolution of the BAS-5000 unit, and to this end, a higher resolution scanner will replace it. ZBL is presently undergoing modifications to provide two temporally separated images (“two-frame”) per Z shot for this system before the accelerator closes down in summer 2006 for the Z-refurbished (ZR) upgrade. In 2008, after ZR, it is anticipated that the high-energy petawatt (HEPW) addition to ZBL will be completed, possibly allowing high-energy 11.2224 and 15.7751keV Kα1 curved-crystal imaging to be performed. With an ongoing several-year project to develop a highly sensitive multiframe ultrafast digital x-ray camera (MUDXC), it is expected that two-frame HEPW 11 and 16keV imaging and four-frame ZBL 6.151keV curved-crystal imaging will be possible. MUDXC will be based on the technology of highly cooled silicon and germanium photodiode arrays and ultrafast, radiation-hardened integrated circuitry.
Wavelet based analysis of speech under stress (2002)

Stress and its effects in speech signals have been studied by many researchers. A number of studies have been attempted to determine reliable acoustic indicators of stress using such speech production features as fundamental frequency (F0), intensity, spectral tilt, the distribution of spectral energy and others. The findings indicate that more work is necessary to propose a general solution. The goal of this study is to propose a new set of speech features based on dyadic wavelet transform (DyWT) coefficients as potential stress sensitive parameters. The parameters' ability to capture different stress types is evaluated on the basis of separability distance measure between parameters of each stress class for four stress conditions: neutral, loud, question and angry. After an extensive number of scatter distributions were considered a number of clear trends emerged that confirmed that the new speech parameters are well suited for stress classification.
Results of a clinicopsychological study of diseases of the temporomandibular joint. (1979)

Patients' complaints relating to disorders of the temporomandibular joint appear to be becoming more frequent and to be occurring in younger age groups. In many cases no organic cause affecting the joint or the masticatory system can be identified as the sole cause of the symptoms. An investigation was therefore undertaken to determine whether psychological causes might also be implicated. Two questionnaires were used to establish a complete picture of patients from a number of countries who suffered from disorders of the temporomandibular joint. The first questionnaire sought particulars of the dental condition, family status, type of education, satisfaction with job and pay etc. The second was a personality questionnaire which had originally been prepared for the Olympic Games in Munich. Although the extensive data collected has not yet been fully evaluated it is clear that in addition to the well established dental causes such as shortened dental arches, deep overbite and cuspal interferences, a psychosomatic element is superimposed in many cases. It is hoped to develop a means by which those whose symptoms require a psychotherapeutic approach, either alone or in conjunction with dental treatment, can be identified.
Optical Properties of Strain-balanced InAs∕InAs[sub 1-x]Sb[sub x] Type-II Superlattices (2011)

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition‐ and molecular beam epitaxy‐grown strain‐balanced InAs/InAs1‐xSbx type‐II superlattices with 20–100 periods and Sb composition between 0.22≤x≤0.30 exhibit photoluminescence between 5.8 to 10.6 μm at 5 K. The temperature dependent onset of photoresponse obtained from photoconductivity measurements is fit to the Varshni equation, resulting in fitting parameters closer to those of InAs than InSb, and the Fan expression, which gives a Debye temperature less than that of InAs or InSb.