gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Resolution of Stimulation Threshold: A Tool for Electrophysiologic Analysis (2006)

Electrical stimulation of cardiac cultures with closed-loop control permits the determination of threshold in real time. The temporal response of stimulation threshold and underlying cell membrane excitability is valuable information for understanding the complex electrophysiologic processes within cardiac cells and can aid in understanding the mechanisms and effects of pharmaceuticals or other stimuli. This work presents the temporal response of stimulation threshold measured using HL-1 cardiac myocytes when exposed to changes in temperature and extracellular potassium concentration. These changes mimic systemic alteration of excitability and conditions that can result from ischemia in the heart. The results demonstrate the efficacy of stimulation threshold as a physiologic indicator and illustrate transient effects with both fast and slow time constants that can be resolved using a system that determines stimulation threshold in real time.
Phytochrome-dependent coordinate control of distinct aspects of nuclear and plastid gene expression during anterograde signaling and photomorphogenesis (2014)

Light perception by photoreceptors impacts plastid transcription, development, and differentiation. This photoreceptor-dependent activity suggests a mechanism for photoregulation of gene expression in the nucleus and plastid that serves to coordinate expression of critical genes of these two organelles. This coordinate expression is required for proper stoichiometric accumulation of components needed for assembly of plastids, photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes and components such as phytochromes. Chloroplast-targeted sigma factors, which function together with the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase to regulate expression of plastid-encoded genes, and nuclear-encoded plastid development factors, such as GLK1 and GLK2, are targets of phytochrome regulation. Such phytochrome-dependent functions are hypothesized to allow light-dependent regulation, and feasibly tuning, of plastid components and function in response to changes in the external environment, which directly affects photosynthesis and the potential for light-induced damage. When the size and protein composition of the light-harvesting complexes are not tuned to the external environment, imbalances in electron transport can impact the cellular redox state and cause cellular damage. We show that phytochromes specifically regulate the expression of multiple factors that function to modulate plastid transcription and, thus, provide a paradigm for coordinate expression of the nuclear and plastid genomes in response to changes in external light conditions. As phytochromes respond to changes in the prevalent wavelengths of light and light intensity, we propose that specific phytochrome-dependent molecular mechanisms are used during light-dependent signaling between the nucleus and chloroplast during photomorphogenesis to coordinate chloroplast development with plant developmental stage and the external environment.
Mega-analysis of association between obesity and cortical morphology in bipolar disorders: ENIGMA study in 2832 participants (2023)

We confirmed consistent associations between higher BMI and lower cortical thickness, but not surface area, across the cerebral mantle, in regions which were also associated with BD. Higher BMI in people with BD indicated more pronounced brain alterations. BMI is important for understanding the neuroanatomical changes in BD and the effects of psychiatric medications on the brain.
Introduction Experiences of a New High Accuracy Through-Tubing Pulsed Neutron Reservoir Management Solution in Asia-Pacific (2001)

Abstract Evaluation of three-phase reservoirs in gas injection fields has been a major challenge in the Asia-Pacific region. Low-to-mid porosity and complex wellbore completion environments create a difficult, pulsed neutron logging environment for analyses of remaining oil saturation, fluid contacts, and identification of flood breakthrough. A new, through-tubing, pulsed neutron measurement system has recently been introduced to the industry in the Asia-Pacific region. Refinements have achieved the highest available spectral resolution and accuracy of any slim tool, extending multi-phase reservoir evaluation to lower porosity formations and to more complex wellbore environments. Features of the tool include single-pass simultaneous carbon/oxygen (C/O) and capture cross section (S) logs, quantified water flow analysis, porosity logs, and elemental analysis, all acquired at higher speeds than previously available. Modern tool characterization and adherence to well-established best practices have enabled reliable decision making based on application of the higher quality pulsed neutron measurements to these difficult situations, which were previously considered infeasible. This paper discusses potential for economic gains that can be realized from enhanced reservoir characterization with the new pulsed neutron system. Additional hydrocarbon reserves can be delivered from application of the modern technology within these more challenging environments. Log examples included in this paper will show that the new tool is capable of determining gas, oil, and water volumes in formations with less than 10 percent porosity. It includes details of an interpretation method tailored to a specific reservoir yet applicable to many multiphase situations. With advanced pulsed neutron devices as part of a well designed investigative package, more robust support of reservoir management can be realized.
Robust Trilayer Patterning Technique (2013)

This paper presents the results of efforts to achieve a very wide processing window lithography using a spin-on trilayer patterning stack. Materials design and processing are based on physical and chemical properties as well as optical field distribution and focus on molecular forces between resist and substrate. All of these factors closely affect line edge roughness/line width roughness (LER/LWR) and critical dimension (CD) processing window (PW). The technique aims to provide an extremely wide CD PW for producing lines and contact patterns in a single lithographic process. The wide depth of focus (DOF) performance allows the printing of difficult patterns having low image contrast, simplifying optical proximity correction (OPC) and source mask optimization (SMO) to make patterning more robust. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) cross sections of the lithography results are presented, and these results are compared to optical simulations.
Experiences inside the Ubiquitous Oulu Smart City (2011)

The UrBan Interactions (UBI) research program, coordinated by the University of Oulu, has created a middleware layer on top of the panOULU wireless network and opened it up to ubiquitous-computing researchers, offering opportunities to enhance and facilitate communication between citizens and the government.
New Diabetogenic Streptozocin Analogue, 3-O-Methyl-2-{[(methylnitrosoamino) carbonyl]amino}-D-glucopyranose: Evidence for a Glucose Recognition Site on Pancreatic B-Cells (1986)

The nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 3-O-methyl-glucose is known to protect pancreatic B-cells against streptozocin (STZ) when injected with or just before STZ. If 3-O-methyl-glucose and the sugar moiety of STZ compete for a glucose recognition site on B-cells, it seemed likely that 3-O-methyl-2-deoxy-2-( [(methylnitrosoamino)carbonyl]amino)-D-glucopyranose, an analogue of STZ with a 3-O-methyl-glucosyl residue, would cause experimental diabetes. This possibility was tested by synthesis of this analogue (alpha-anomer) and comparison of its diabetogenic activity in Wistar rats with that of STZ. Results showed that the compound was diabetogenic and as potent as STZ. This new analogue is the first of the various STZ derivatives reported to show diabetogenic activity. Its activity supports the idea that 3-O-methyl-glucose and STZ bind competitively with a glucose recognition site on pancreatic B-cells.
A Carrier-Transit-Delay-Based Nonquasi-Static MOSFET Model for Circuit Simulation and Its Application to Harmonic Distortion Analysis (2006)

In this paper, a compact model of nonquasi-static (NQS) carrier-transport effects in MOSFETs is reported, which takes into account the carrier-response delay to form the channel. The NQS model, as implemented in the surface-potential-based MOSFET Hiroshima University STARC IGFET model, is verified to predict the correct transient terminal currents and to achieve a stable circuit simulation. Simulation results show that the NQS model can even reduce the circuit simulation time in some cases due to the elimination of unphysical overshoot peaks normally calculated by a QS-model. An average additional computational cost of only 3% is demonstrated for common test circuits. Furthermore, harmonic distortion characteristics are investigated using the developed NQS model. While the distortion characteristics at low drain bias and low switching frequency are determined mainly by carrier mobility, distortion characteristics at high frequency are found to be strongly influenced by channel charging/discharging
The microbicide cyanovirin-N expressed on the surface of commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii captures HIV-1 (2002)

The anti-HIV protein CV-N in S. gordonii was expressed in a biologically active form. This represents a first step in the development of a system to deliver and maintain an effective concentration of a microbicide in the vaginal mucosa.
Differential Geometric Tools for Image Sensor Fusion (1999)

Abstract : We present a new formalism for the treatment and understanding of multispectral images and multisensor imagery based on first order contrast information. Although little attention has been paid to the utility of multispectral contrast, we develop a theory for multispectral contrast that enables us to produce an optimal grayscale visualization of the first order contrast of an image with an arbitrary number of bands. We demonstrate how our technique can reveal significantly more interpretive information to an image analyst, who can use it in a number of image understanding algoritums. Existing grayscale visualization strategies are reviewed. A variety of experimental results are presented to support the performance of the new method.
Diagnostic Algorithm of Atrial Tachycardia Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Importance of Localized Reentries (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definitions Mechanisms Differentiation Localization of atrial tachycardias Technical aspects of atrial tachycardia mapping and ablation Algorithm and ablation results Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Toward an Analytical Performance Model to Select between GPU and CPU Execution (2019)

Automating the device selection in heterogeneous computing platforms requires the modelling of performance both on CPUs and on accelerators. This work argues for the use of a hybrid analytical performance modelling approach is a practical way to build fast and efficient methods to select an appropriate target for a given computation kernel. The target selection problem has been addressed in the literature, however there has been a strong emphasis on building empirical models with machine learning techniques. We argue that the applicability of such solutions is often limited in production systems. This paper focus on the issue of building a selector to decide if an OpenMP loop nest should be executed in a CPU or in a GPU. To this end, it offers a comprehensive comparison evaluation of the difference in GPU kernel performance on devices of multiple generations of architectures. The idea is to underscore the need for accurate analytical performance models and to provide insights in the evolution of GPU accelerators. This work also highlights a drawback of existing approaches to modelling GPU performance - accurate modelling of memory coalescing characteristics. To that end, we examine a novel application of an inter-thread difference analysis that can further improve analytical models. Finally, this work presents an initial study of an OpenMP runtime framework for target-offloading target selection.
Novel Rigid External Distraction Device Improves Stability and Controls the Vector During Midfacial Advancement (2016)

The major limitation of the rigid external devices currently used for midfacial distraction after subcranial Le Fort III osteotomies is the ductile wire that connects the midface to the device, which makes it difficult to control the vector and force during distraction. The authors describe a novel external appliance that addresses this and other problems of contemporary devices, and application of a custom cranial template that facilitates precise placement of the device to achieve the planned vector of distraction.
Cadi-05 in management of myeloma (2007)

3549 Poly-TLR agonist poly-antigenic vaccine Cadi-05 in management of murine multiple myeloma Cadi-05 is a novel poly-TLR agonist poly-antigenic vaccine containing heat killed Mycobacterium W. It is a potent Th1 response enhancer. It does not induce Th2 response.It moulates TNF-alpha and No. It is undergoing evaluation in management of varieties of cancers in clinical (Phase I and Phase II for Malignant Melanoma,superficial bladder cancer,NSCLC, Hormone refractory prostate cancer) as well as preclinical studies*. It has been evaluated for its efficacy in murine Multiple Myeloma tumor model .Multiple Myeloma was induced in 4-6 week old Balb-C mice by subcutaneous injection of non secretor myeloma cell line Sp2/O cells (107). Solid tumors developed within 7-10 days. Efficacy of Cadi-05 administered intradermal aas well as intraperitoneal route was evaluated. Treatment group I received single intra-dermal injection of 0.1 ml of Cadi-05. Treatment group II received 0.1 mi of Cadi-05 by intra-peritoneal injection. Control group did not receive any intervention. Each group had 16 animals. All animals were evaluated for no. and size of tumors on day 14th. Analysis of results reveals that single intra-dermal injection of Cadi-05 results in significant decrease in size as well as no. of tumors compared to control group as well as group receiving intra-peritoneal cadi-05. No tumor was detected in 12 of 16(75%) animals in intra-dermal group. The no. of animals without tumor was 6 of 16(37.5%) in intra-peritoneal group.(0.05>p>0.01;Chi square) Key cellular effectors and molecules involved in this process are being elucidated. The findings indicate that single injection of Cadi-05 is effective in Sp2O model of murine multiple myeloma when administered by an intra-dermal route. *References: 1..Poly-TLR agonist poly-antigenic vaccine Cadi-05 in advanced bladder cancer. Proc. AACR2006;47:682 abstract#2904. 2.Poly-TLR agonist polyantigenic vaccine Cadi-05 in advanced non small cell lung cancer. Proc. AACR2006;47:682 abstract#2904. 3. Role of immunotherapy as a adjuvant treatment in advance head & neck cancer, patient receiving chemo radiotherapy. J. Clinical Oncology2005;(16s Part1):190s page 2598 4. Use of Immunomodulator mycobacterium w vaccine for palliative treatment in advanced & incurable cancer patients.J. Clinical Oncology2005;(16s Part1):188s page 2592 5. Role of mycobacterium w as an adjuvant treatment of head & neck cancer - A randomized trial. J. Clinical Oncology2005;(16s Part1):521s page 5588
Regulation of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Function in a Human Hepatoma Cell Line (1984)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) processing was investigated in a human hepatoma-derived cell line, Hep G2. Hep G2 cells bound, internalized and degraded LDL via a saturable, high affinity (Kd ˜ 2 x 10 −8 M ) pathway similar to that present in other mammalian cells. Although 80% of the uptake and degradation of 125 I-LDL was inhibited by 40-fold excess native LDL, the same concentration of methylated LDL, which cannot bind to LDL receptors, had virtually no effect on processing. When added at low concentrations, the lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine, inhibited degradation (I 50 −15 μM ) without affecting the rate of lipoprotein internalization. Receptor activity was decreased 60% by preincubation of the cells in medium containing a source of cholesterol (LDL or unesterified cholesterol) and increased 1.7-fold by preincubation with com-pactin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The Hep G2 cell line may prove a useful system both for the further study of hepatic lipoprotein metabolism and for the evaluation of new antihypercholesterolemic agents.
Sub 10 ps carrier response times in electroabsorption modulators using quantum well offsetting (2011)

We demonstrate sub 10 ps photo-carrier response times in an electroabsoption modulator having a custom epitaxy structure. The structure used quantum well offsetting and carbon doping to achieve a 2.5 ps response time, when biased at −4.5 V.
SmartEvacTrak: A people counting and coarse-level localization solution for efficient evacuation of large buildings (2015)

Efficient evacuation of large buildings which seat more than twenty thousand people is a major challenge for building management authorities. Although many enterprise buildings have access control to count those entering various areas, such controls need to be switched off at times of emergency to avoid people getting trapped at a particular location. Hence, counting people during evacuation remains largely manual and error prone. Also, last known location based on access control from business management systems can be erroneous due to issues like tail gating. Accurate people counters like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) often prove costly in large deployments. In this paper we present “SmartEvacTrak”, a low-cost evacuation system which can count people entering and exiting with over 98% accuracy and can also localize people at a coarse level with around 97% accuracy, from results obtained from an evacuation experiment performed on a set of 350+ people randomly exiting a building.
SuFEx Activation with Ca(NTf 2 ) 2 : A Unified Strategy to Access Sulfamides, Sulfamates, and Sulfonamides from S(VI) Fluorides (2020)

A method to activate sulfamoyl fluorides, fluorosulfates, and sulfonyl fluorides with calcium triflimide and DABCO for SuFEx with amines is described. The reaction was applied to a diverse set of sulfamides, sulfamates, and sulfonamides at room temperature under mild conditions. Additionally, we highlight this transformation to parallel medicinal chemistry to generate a broad array of nitrogen-based S(VI) compounds.
Ultrasound Detection of Myocardial Ischemic Memory Using an E-Selectin Targeting Peptide Amenable to Human Application. (2014)

Vascular endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin, are acutely upregulated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and are thus "ischemic memory" biomarkers for recent cardiac ischemia. We sought to develop an ultrasound molecular imaging agent composed of microbubbles (MBs) targeted to E-selectin to enable the differential diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients presenting with chest pain of unclear etiology. Biodegradable polymer MBs were prepared bearing a peptide with specific human E-selectin affinity (MB<sub>ESEL</sub>). Control MBs had scrambled peptide (MB<sub>CTL</sub>) or nonspecific IgG (MB<sub>IgG</sub>). MB<sub>ESEL</sub> adhesion to activated rat endothelial cells (ECs) was confirmed in vitro in a flow system and in vivo with intravital microscopy of rat cremaster microcirculation. Ultrasound molecular imaging of recent myocardial ischemia was performed in rats 4 hours after transient (15 minutes) coronary occlusion. MB<sub>ESEL</sub> adhesion was higher to inflamed versus normal ECs in vitro; there was no difference in MB<sub>CTL</sub> or MB<sub>IgG</sub> adhesion to inflamed versus normal ECs. There was greater adhesion of MB<sub>ESEL</sub> to inflamed versus noninflamed microcirculation and minimal adhesion of MB<sub>CTL</sub> or MB<sub>IgG</sub> under any condition. Ultrasound imaging after injection of MB<sub>SEL</sub> demonstrated persistent contrast enhancement of the previously ischemic region. Videointensity in postischemic myocardium after MB<sub>ESEL</sub> was higher than that in the nonischemic bed (11.6 ± 2.7 dB vs 3.6 ± 0.8 dB, <i>p</i> < .02) and higher than that after MB<sub>CTL</sub> (4.0 ± 1.0 dB, <i>p</i> < .03) or MB<sub>IgG</sub> (1.7 ± 0.1 dB, <i>p</i> < .03). MBs targeted to E-selectin via a short synthetic peptide with human E-selectin binding affinity enables echocardiographic detection of recent ischemia, setting the stage for clinical myocardial ischemic memory imaging to identify acute coronary syndromes.
Supplemental Figure 4 from Combination Drug Scheduling Defines a “Window of Opportunity” for Chemopotentiation of Gemcitabine by an Orally Bioavailable, Selective ChK1 Inhibitor, GNE-900 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GNE-900 can potentiate the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine, SN-38 and pemetrexed.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Adaptive system for eye-lens aberration correction based on stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization</title> (2002)

An adaptive system based on a model-free optimization technique (stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization) is used to correct the aberration in a model of the human eye. The system is composed of a digital camera and a 37 electrode MEMS mirror connected to a computer. Static as well as slowly changing dynamic aberrations are corrected with the system.
Absolute Conformation and Configuration of (2S, 3S)‐3‐Acetoxy‐5‐(dimethylaminoethyl)‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepin‐4(5H)‐one Chloride (Dilthiazem Hydrochloride) (1984)

Abstract Resolution of racemic cis ‐3‐(2‐aminophenylthio)‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) propionic acid ( 2 ) via the cinchonidine salt 3 , and brucine salt 4 , isolation of the calcium salts (+)‐ and (−)‐ 5 , as well as their cyclization to enantiomeric 1,5‐benzothiazepines (+)‐ and (−)‐ 1 , are described. X‐Ray single‐crystal analysis reveals (2 S , 3 S ) absolute configuration of (+)‐ 1 on the basis of tentative comparison of CD data with those for the 1,4‐benzodiazepine derivative (+)‐ 8 of known absolute configuration.
Understanding Reflection Needs for Personal Health Data in Diabetes (2020)

To empower users of wearable medical devices, it is important to enable methods that facilitate reflection on previous care to improve future outcomes. In this work, we conducted a two-phase user-study involving patients, caregivers, and clinicians to understand gaps in current approaches that support reflection and user needs for new solutions. Our results show that users desire to have specific summarization metrics, solutions that minimize cognitive effort, and solutions that enable data integration to support meaningful reflection on diabetes management. In addition, we developed and evaluated a visualization called PixelGrid that presents key metrics in a matrix-based plot. Majority of users (84%) found the matrix-based approach to be useful for identifying salient patterns related to certain times and days in blood glucose data. Through our evaluation we identified that users desire data visualization solutions with complementary textual descriptors, concise and flexible presentation, contextually-fitting content, and informative and actionable insights. Directions for future research on tools that automate pattern discovery, detect abnormalities, and provide recommendations to improve care were also identified.