gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Human Defensins with Escherichia coni (1989)

Defensins are smalL cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that are abundant in human, rabbit, and guinea pig neutrophils (PMN). Three defensins (human neutrophil peptide defensin [HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3) constitute between 30 and 50% of the total protein in azurophil granules of human PMN. We examined the mechanism ofHNP-mediated bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ML-35 (i-, y-, z+) and its pBR322-transformed derivative, E. coli ML-35p. Under conditions that supported bactericidal activity, HNP-1 sequentially permeabilized the outer membrane (OM) and inner membrane (IM) ofE. coli. Coincident with these events, bacterial synthesis ofDNA, RNA, and protein ceased and the colony count fell. Although these events were closely coupled under standard assay conditions,OM permeabilization was partially dissociated from IM permeabilization when experiments were performed with E. coli that had been plasmolyzed by mannitol. Under such conditions, the rate and extent of bacterial death more closely paralleled loss ofIM integrity thanOM permeabilization. Electron microscopy of E. coli that had been killed by defensins revealed the presence of striking electron-dense deposits in the periplasmic space and affixed to the OM. Overall, these studies show that HNP-mediated bactericidal activity against E. coli ML-35 is associated with sequential permeabilization oftheOM and IM, and that inner membrane permeabilization appears to be the lethal event.
Dynamic variation monitor for measuring the impact of voltage droops on microprocessor clock frequency (2010)

A 45nm microprocessor integrates an all-digital dynamic variation monitor (DVM), consisting of a tunable replica circuit with a time-to-digital converter, to measure the impact of dynamic variations on path-level delay or frequency. Measurements reveal the high sensitivity of the microprocessor maximum clock frequency (F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</inf> ) to the placement and magnitude of a high-frequency supply voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CC</inf> ) droop and demonstrate the DVM capability of tracking F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</inf> changes to within 1% for a wide range of V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CC</inf> droop profiles. Furthermore, the DVM interfaces with an adaptive clock control circuit to dynamically change the clock frequency in response to dynamic variations, enabling the microprocessor to operate at maximum efficiency.
UV-activated room-temperature gas sensing mechanism of polycrystalline ZnO (2009)

The effects of UV illumination on the electronic properties and gas sensing performance of ZnO are reported. It is found that UV light improves the sensitivity and the sensor response and recovery rate. By investigating the photoresponse behavior of ZnO, we observe that the electrons generated by UV light promote the adsorption of oxygen and form the photoinduced oxygen ions [O2−(hv)]. These ions [O2−(hv)] are responsible for the room-temperature gas sensing phenomena and promise enhanced sensor performance through further optimization.
Götaälv Bridge Long Term Monitoring (2012)

In modern times the need of safety awareness is growing and becoming a relevant aspect of everyday life. Structural Health Monitoring, SHM, is one of the key to reach safety awareness in the field of civil and industrial engineering, no matter if it is a bridge, a building or a pipeline. Steel structures still represent a challenge of SHM especially in terms of early stage detection of cracks and damages with high reliability. In order to overcome the actual limitations of traditional sensors for such a task, a complete Fibre Optic Monitoring system has been developed to offer high performances in terms of early stage detection, localization and fully automatic operations. The Gotaalv Bridge, Gothenburg, Sweden, is the first example of large scale project where distributed optical technology was successfully employed. A total of 5 km of strain distributed sensors, 1 km of temperature distributed sensors and 3 reading units were adopted with the aim to offer a stand alone system capable of warning about structural damages and fails and protecting against crack opening that represents one of the major causes of bridge failure. After a trial period made of small scale testing, system and software improvement, and field works the system is now fully proofed and operative with features and performances not comparable with any other monitoring system. This paper is aimed to present the whole system with a short description of its main components / parts and the results achieved during test and normal operation in these last 3 years.
Repurposing the FDA-Approved Antiviral Drug Ribavirin as Targeted Therapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2020)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma with a proclivity for systemic dissemination, leading many patients to present with advanced stage disease and fail available treatments. There is a notable lack of targeted therapies for NPC, despite working knowledge of multiple proteins with integral roles in NPC cancer biology. These proteins include EZH2, Snail, eIF4E, and IMPDH, which are all overexpressed in NPC and correlated with poor prognosis. These proteins are known to be modulated by ribavirin, an FDA-approved hepatitis C antiviral that has recently been repurposed as a promising therapeutic in several solid and hematologic malignancies. Here, we investigated the potential of ribavirin as a targeted anticancer agent in five human NPC cell lines. Using cellular growth assays, flow cytometry, BrdU cell proliferation assays, scratch wound assays, and invasion assays, we show <i>in vitro</i> that ribavirin decreases NPC cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion and promotes cell-cycle arrest and cell death. Modulation of EZH2, Snail, eIF4E, IMPDH, mTOR, and cyclin D1 were observed in Western blots and enzymatic activity assays in response to ribavirin treatment. As monotherapy, ribavirin reduced flank tumor growth in multiple NPC xenograft models <i>in vivo</i> Most importantly, we demonstrate that ribavirin enhanced the effects of radiotherapy, a central component of NPC treatment, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> Our work suggests that NPC responds to ribavirin-mediated EZH2, Snail, eIF4E, IMPDH, and mTOR changes and positions ribavirin for clinical evaluation as a potential addition to our NPC treatment armamentarium.
Éditorial: Un numéro spécial du Journal de la Société Française de Statistique (2020)

Invited by Gilles Celeux, editor of the Journal de la Societe Francaise de Statistique, to edit a special issue of the journal devoted to causality, we conceived the special issue as a structured collection of articles covering alarge spectrum of this exciting topic. Renowned experts of the field contribute nine articles. The special issue unfolds in three parts. Part 1 discusses causality from an epistemological stance. Part 2 discusses the notions of causal models, causal quantities and identifiability. Part 3 discusses the inference of causal quantities.
Microwave Technique for Phase Behavior Studies of Petroleum and Natural Gas Mixtures (1988)

ABSTRACT We have developed a new technique that utilizes microwave energy to study the phase behavior of mixtures at the extreme temperatures and pressures encountered in petroleum and natural gas reservoirs. Our technique measures shifts in a static microwave energy field caused by changes in sample properties on a phase boundary. The appearance of a second phase produces detectable changes in the microwave resonant frequency and power. The new method does not involve inaccurate or unsafe procedures such as visual observation of samples, interpolation of isochoric slopes, or compositional analysis of samples drawn from the sample cell. Only small sample cell volumes (&amp;lt;10 cm3) are required. The microwave technique is effective with all types of fluids, light and heavy, nonpolar and polar, inert and corrosive, and it performs well at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. A magnetic mixing pump enables preparation of homogeneous mixtures of fluids within the apparatus at experimental conditions. Measurements can be made at constant volume or at constant temperature. At constant volume, the microwave technique can determine phase boundary temperatures to better than 0.1 K. Pressure accuracy depends on the method of measurement. Results for phase boundary determinations of acid-gas mixtures with small amounts of heavy oils at high pressures and temperatures are presented.
Surgical Treatment of Ossified Cephalhematoma (2004)

Cephalhematoma is a collection of blood beneath the periosteum of the bones in the cranial vault. The treatment strategy of most cephalhematoma is conservative. However, in cases of ossified cephalhematoma causing deformities of skull, surgical management is indicated. From 1996 to 2002, the authors treated three cases of ossified cephalhematoma with the suggested pathogenesis of ossification, which cephalhematoma goes to ossification process, rather than calcification. Surgical treatment, which is bony shaving with a burr on the irregular margin site, was performed in one case in which the thickness of the skull in the bulging area was the same as in the normal area in preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, and a depression did not exist in the operative field. In two cases in which there was any difference in bony density in the preoperative CT scan and depression after removal of cephalhematoma, the bony cap was remodeled into multiple pieces and the depressed region was reconstructed with a remodeled bone cap as an onlay bone graft. There was no evidence of complications and recurrence, and there was good reconstitution of the skull contour in all cases.
Developmental up‐regulation of KCC2 in the absence of GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission (2003)

Postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A-mediated responses switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing during postnatal development of the rodent hippocampus. This is attributable to a decrease in the concentration of intracellular chloride set by the expression of the neuron-specific K+-Cl- co-transporter, KCC2. A recent in vitro study [Ganguly et al. (2001) Cell, 105, 521-532] showed that KCC2 expression may be under the trophic control of GABAA receptor-mediated transmission. Here we have studied the developmental expression of KCC2 protein in mouse hippocampal dissociated cultures as well as organotypic cultures. A low somatic expression level was found in neurons prior to the formation of the first synapses, as detected by synaptophysin immunoreactivity. Thereafter, KCC2 expression was strongly up-regulated during neuronal maturation. The developmental up-regulation of KCC2 expression was not altered by a chronic application (throughout the culturing period; 2-15 days in vitro) of the action-potential blocker TTX or the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA antagonists APV and NBQX. Blockade of GABAA-mediated transmission with picrotoxin did not affect the expression levels of KCC2 protein either. These data show that neither neuronal spiking nor ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission are required for the developmental expression of KCC2 in mouse hippocampal neurons in vitro.
Hot Microcontact Printing for Patterning ITO Surfaces. Methodology, Morphology, Microstructure, and OLED Charge Injection Barrier Imaging (2002)

A soft lithographic microcontact printing (μCP) procedure is successfully applied for the first time to form densely packed organosilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the surface of ITO (Sn-doped In2O3) coated glass via a thermally activated deposition process. Hot microcontact printing (HμCP) enables localized transfer with 1.0−40 μm feature sizes of dense docosyltrichlorosilane (CH3(CH2)20CH2SiCl3 = DTS) monolayer patterns onto ITO, which reacts sluggishly under conventional μCP conditions. X-ray reflectivity measurements yield a thickness of 12.1 ± 0.1 Å and a surface roughness of 2.8 ± 0.1 Å for HμCP printed DTS films, which is well within the range for self-assembled monolayer formation, while the weak reflected intensity from conventionally prepared DTS films indicates a poorly organized monolayer structure. Noncontact mode AFM studies reveal that HμCP creates uniform SAMs over a wide area with excellent line edge resolution, while the original patterns are poorly transferred by conventional μCP, presumably due to the slow Si−O bond formation. Cyclic voltammetry of 1,1‘-ferrocenedimethanol solutions using HμCP-derived, DTS SAM coated ITO working electrodes evidences good barrier properties, consistent with dense films. The DTS SAM patterns can be imaged by fabricating organic light-emitting diode (OLED) heterostructures on the patterned ITO. The DTS SAM role as a hole injection blocking layer enables patterned luminescence from the hot contact printed ITO surfaces.
New poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s bearing pentadecyl side chains: Synthesis and characterization (2011)

Abstract The 4‐[4′‐(Hydrazinocarbonyl)phenoxy]‐2‐pentadecylbenzohydrazide was polycondensed with aromatic diacid chlorides viz. , terephthalic acid chloride (TPC), isophthalic acid chloride (IPC), and a mixture of TPC : IPC (50 : 50 mol %) to obtain polyhydrazides which on subsequent cyclodehydration reaction in the presence of phosphoryl chloride yielded new poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s bearing flexibilizing ether linkages and pentadecyl side chains. Inherent viscosities of polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s were in the range 0.53–0.66 dL g −1 and 0.49–0.53 dL g −1 , respectively, indicating formation of medium to reasonably high molecular weight polymers. The number average molecular weights ( M n ) and polydispersities ( M w / M n ) of poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s were in the range 14,660–21,370 and 2.2–2.5, respectively. Polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s were soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as N , N ‐dimethylacetamide, 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, and N , N ‐dimethylformamide. Furthermore, poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s were also found to be soluble in solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, and m ‐cresol. Transparent, flexible, and tough films of polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s could be cast from N , N ‐dimethylacetamide and chloroform solutions, respectively. Both polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s were amorphous in nature and formation of layered structure was observed due to packing of pentadecyl chains. A decrease in glass transition temperature was observed both in polyhydrazides (143–166°C) and poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s (90–102°C) which could be ascribed to “internal plasticization” effect of pentadecyl chains. The T 10 values, obtained from TG curves, for poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole)s were in the range of 433–449°C indicating their good thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124:1281–1289, 2012
Exhaustive Genotyping of the Interleukin‐1 Family Genes and Associations with AIDS Progression in a French Cohort (2006)

Interleukin (IL)-1 family members are key players in inflammatory processes but have been the subject of few studies of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To better evaluate the impact of the IL-1 family on AIDS development, we genotyped the IL1 alpha , IL1 beta , IL1Ra, and IL1R1 genes in 245 slow progressor (SP) and 82 rapid progressor (RP) human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive patients as well as in 446 control subjects, all of whom were of white ethnicity. One hundred sixteen frequent polymorphisms were identified, of which 23 were newly characterized by our study. Many putative associations were found between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or haplotype alleles and the extreme profiles of progression. Most of them corresponded to weak associations (.01<P<.05); however, the SNP IL1Ra_2134 exhibited a consistent association, found at the level of the SNP, haplotypes, and haploblocks, when the SP and control populations were compared (P=.0002). The IL-1-dependent inflammatory response is, thus, likely to play a role in AIDS progression via the regulation of IL-1Ra expression. This association will need to be confirmed in other AIDS cohorts, and experiments will also have to be performed to unravel the biological mechanisms at work. The data presented here will be useful for future genomic studies of the IL-1 family members in other infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Simultaneous Intercalation and Oxidant-Free Polymerization of Pyrrole Between 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) for High Performance Pseudocapacitive Electrodes (2016)

Electrochemically active organic materials which offer pseudocapacitve characteristics are attractive for energy storage applications because they are economical, environmentally benign, lightweight, and their functionalities can be tuned to achieve the required electrochemical properties. 1 Despite aforementioned advantages, they tend to degrade upon cycling mainly because of their poor conductivity. One option to improve the cycling and the overall electrochemical performance of the pseudocapacitve organic materials is to deposit/graft them onto conductive carbon particles. 2 Two-dimensional carbides and carbonitirides called MXenes, which generally offer metallic conductivity, may become a suitable option to replace carbon in pseudocapacitve electrodes to improve the electrochemical performance of the organic materials. 3,4 Here, we report a facile approach to simultaneously align and intercalate heterocyclic organic molecule pyrrole between the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene layers. On contrary to the conventional approaches, pyrrole monomer was polymerized without addition of any oxidant when mixed with the Ti 3 C 2 T x colloidal solution, which was confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. When the optimized composition was tested as a pseudocapacitive electrode, it exhibited high volumetric and gravimetric capacitances of 1000 F/cm 3 and 416 F/g, respectively, at 5 mV/s. Most important, excellent capacitance retention of 92% was observed after 25,000 cycles at 100 mV/s. 1. M. Boota et al., Adv. Mater. (2015). DOI (10.1002/adma.201504705) 2. M. Boota et al., ChemSusChem , 8 , 3576–3581 (2015) 3. M. R. Lukatskaya et al., Science. , 341 , 1502–1505 (2013) 4. M. Ghidiu, M. R. Lukatskaya, M.-Q. Zhao, Y. Gogotsi, and M. W. Barsoum, Nature , 516 , 78–81 (2014)
Modular glycosphere assays for high-throughput functional characterization of influenza viruses (2013)

Modular glycosphere assays for high-throughput functional characterization of influenza viruses introduce an important tool to augment the surveillance of clinical and veterinarian influenza isolates with regards to receptor specificity, host adaptation, and virus transmissibility.
Influence of surface flow on aerodynamic loads of a cantilever wing (1996)

The properties of the characteristic surface flow modes and their influence on the aerodynamic loads of a cantilever wing at low chord Reynolds numbers were experimentally studied. The chordwise variations of the separation and reattachment locations as well as the length and center position of the separation bubble in the domain of the chord Reynolds number/root angle of attack heavily depend on the characteristic surface flow modes. The aerodynamic loads, e.g., the lift, drag, and moment coefficients, are profoundly influenced by the characteristic behaviors of suction surface flow. The lift coefficient increases with the increase of root angle of attack in the regimes of laminar separation, separation bubble, and transition. The curve of lift coefficient has a largest slope in the laminar separation regime. The increase rate of the lift coefficient decreases when the separation bubble is formed. The stall happens in the turbulent separation regime. The drag coefficient slightly decreases in the laminar separation regime, remains almost a constant in the separation bubble regime, and increases in the transition regime.
Automatic Electronic Tongue for On-Line Detection and Quantification of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides Using Enzymatic Screen Printed Biosensors (2012)

This work presents an automatic system, based on an electronic tongue, for resolution of mixtures of three pesticides. Inhibition detections were performed during the steady state of biosensors response. Three biosensors were built using two enzymes, electric eel (EE), genetically-modified Drosophila melanogaster (B131), and electric eel co-immobilized with drosophila melanogaster (BH). Calibrations curves for paraoxon, dichorlvos, and carbofuran were performed in the ranges 0.4–50.4 µM, 0.01–1.01 µM, 0.01–0.41 µM with LOD of 3.91 × 10−8, 6.30 × 10−11, and 5.84 × 10−10, respectively. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model the combined response of three pesticides. A set of 19 mixtures were prepared in order to train the artificial neural network, the modeling was validated with a set of 6 spiked samples of river water. The error and recovery yields were found in consistent with expected values.
Low-cost E-band flip-chip assembly and materials (2013)

By extending the wireless backhaul network to higher frequencies, more bandwidth is available, enabling the higher capacity microwave radio links, to accommodate the increase in traffic from, for example, data use in smartphones. Products for the E-band (specifically 71-76, 81-86, and 92-95 GHz) are now on the market, and, as always, there is a drive for reducing cost, both in manufacturing and sourcing, while maintaining high performance. This paper describes in detail the incoming material and assembly process for E-band GaAs flip chips with lead-free solder, using high volume manufacturing equipment. The choice of incoming materials such as chips, chip carriers, flux and underfill is discussed, and future paths indicated. The target is to take manufacturing processes and materials typically used in consumer products and employ them in millimeter wave products as far as possible. A first assembly round using daisy chain and transmission line test chips mounted on hardback boards with teflon top layer has proven successful, with very high yield in assembly but some problems remaining related to printed circuit board quality.
40 Gbps All-Optical 3R Regeneration and Format Conversion with Related InP-Based Semiconductor Devices (2007)

We report an experimental demonstration of 40 Gbps all-optical 3R regeneration with all-optical clock recovery based on InP semiconductor devices. We also obtain all optical non-return-to-zero to return-to-zero (NRZ-to-RZ) format conversion using the recovered clock signal at 10 Gbps and 40 Gbps. It leads to a good performance using a Mach-Zehnder interferometric wavelength converter and a self-pulsating laser diode (LD). The self-pulsating LD serves a recovered clock, which has an rms timing jitter as low as sub-picosecond. In the case of 3R regeneration of RZ data, we achieve a 1.0 dB power penalty at 10−9 BER after demultiplexing 40 Gbps to 10 Gbps with an eletro-absorption modulator. The regenerated 3R data shows stable error-free operation with no BER floor for all channels. The combination of these functional devices provides all-optical 3R regeneration with NRZ-to-RZ conversion.