gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport Properties of Two-Dimensional Electron Gases Induced by Spontaneous and Piezoelectric Polarisation in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures (2001)

We have performed Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) and Hall effect measurements to investigate the electronic transport properties of polarisation induced 2DEGs in AlxGa1—xN/GaN heterostructures with alloy compositions between x = 0.10 and 0.35 and sheet carrier concentrations of up to ns = 1.05 × 1013 cm—2. From SdH measurements of 2DEGs with sheet carrier concentrations of 2.1 × 1012 and 4.6 × 1012 cm—2, effective electron masses were determined to be 0.24 and 0.207m0, respectively. In addition, angle resolved SdH measurements were performed to evaluate the effective g-factor from the angle of zero oscillation amplitude. Including the measured electron masses, the g-factors were calculated to be 2.11 and 2.47, respectively. In order to identify the main electron scattering mechanism we determined the ratio between transport- and quantum scattering times as a function of sheet carrier concentration. We observe a significant decrease of the tt/tq ratio with increasing 2DEG carrier concentration, indicating a transition from a dominant small angle to large angle scattering mechanism when ns exceeds 7 × 1012 cm—2.
Defined antigens secreted by the larvae of schistosomes protect against schistosomiasis: induction of cytotoxic antibodies in the rat and the monkey (1985)

The study of the immunology of schistosomiasis has allowed a clear understanding of the basic mechanisms of resistance, emphasizing the important role played by cellular and humoral factors. Whereas the production of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies and the precise inventory of immune effector mechanisms in the rat and in man have led to the identification of potentially protective antigens, immunization with soluble schistosome components has not allowed a successful control of the destruction of schistosomula after infection. The experiments reported here show that schistosomulum-released products (SRP) were able to induce the production of antibodies, in the rat and the monkey, highly cytotoxic in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, using monocyte monolayers, platelets or eosinophils as effector cells. The immunization of rats with either total SRP or 25-30-kDa molecules purified from schistosomula conferred a significant protection towards a challenge infection by the parasite. IgE and to a lesser extent IgG antibodies represented the major humoral factors of cell activation leading to the schistosomulum killing when anti-SRP antisera, obtained after immunization of the monkey, were incubated with human effector cells.
Structure and function of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 (1997)

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 is composed of three domains: the catalytic (C) domain, the fibronectin type III-like (F) domain, and the substrate-binding (S) domain. We constructed domain deletion, inversion, chimera, and extra-F-domain mutants and examined their enzyme activity and PHB-binding ability. In addition, we performed substitution of 214Asp and 273His with glycine and aspartate, respectively, to examine their participation in a catalytic triad together with 139Ser. The mutant with both the F and S domains deleted and the trypsin-digested enzyme showed no PHB-hydrolyzing activity and less PHB-binding ability than that of the wild-type enzyme but retained D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate trimer-hydrolyzing activity at a level similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. The mutant with the F domain deleted and the mutant which had the order of the F and S domains inverted retained PHB-binding ability and trimer-hydrolyzing activity at levels similar to those of the wild-type enzyme but lost PHB-hydrolyzing activity. The chimera mutant, in which the F domain was substituted with a Thr-rich domain of PHB depolymerase A from Pseudomonas lemoignei, and the extra-F-domain mutant, with an additional F domain, retained trimer- and PHB-hydrolyzing activities and PHB-binding ability at levels similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. Two mutants (D214G and H273D) showed no enzymatic activity toward trimer and PHB, and they were not labeled with [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate.
Chaotic carrier pulse position modulation communication system and method (2023)

A chaotic carrier pulse position modulation communication system and method is disclosed. The system includes a transmitter and receiver having matched chaotic pulse regenerators. The chaotic pulse regenerator in the receiver produces a synchronized replica of a chaotic pulse train generated by the regenerator in the transmitter. The pulse train from the transmitter can therefore act as a carrier signal. Data is encoded by the transmitter through selectively altering the interpulse timing between pulses in the chaotic pulse train. The altered pulse train is transmitted as a pulse signal. The receiver can detect whether a particular interpulse interval in the pulse signal has been altered by reference to the synchronized replica it generates, and can therefore detect the data transmitted by the receiver. Preferably, the receiver predicts the earliest moment in time it can expect a next pulse after observation of at least two consecutive pulses. It then decodes the pulse signal beginning at a short time before expected arrival of a pulse.
Inhibition by Glucocorticosteroid Hormones of Interferon and Prostaglandin E Induction by Poly(rI).Poly(rC) (1982)

We have examined the relationship between induction of interferon (IFN) and prostaglandin E (PGE) production by poly(rI).poly(rC) in cultured human foreskin fibroblasts (FS11). Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone (2 . 5 x 10(-7) M), which are known inhibitors of PGE synthesis, significantly decreased the induction of both IFN and PGE in IFN-pretreated (primed) cells. Desoxycorticosterone, progesterone and estradiol were devoid of this activity. Hydrocortisone also blocked the induction of IFN by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), cycloheximide and actinomycin D in FS11 cells. Arachidonic acid overcame the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on PGE production, but failed to restore IFN production in the presence of the steroid. Moreover, the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, indomethacin, aspirin and flufenamic acid, did not change IFN production by dsRNA in primed FS11 cells, although prostaglandin synthesis was abolished. Although the induction of IFN and PGE by poly(rI).poly(rC) might be consequences of the same initial event in the cell, the accumulation of PGE does not seem to have a regulatory effect on the synthesis of IFN in this system.
Dual Toll-Like Receptor Targeting Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acids (2019)

Liposomal spherical nucleic acids (LSNAs) are a class of nanomaterial used broadly for biomedical applications. Their intrinsic capacity to rapidly enter cells and engage cell surface and intracellular ligands stems from their unique three-dimensional architecture, which consists of densely packed and uniformly oriented oligonucleotides on the surface of a liposomal core. Such structures are promising for therapeutics because they can carry chemical cargo within the lipid core in addition to the nucleic acids that define them, in principle enabling delivery of multiple signals to a single cell. On the basis of these traits, we have designed novel dual-targeting LSNAs that deliver a nucleic acid specific for TLR9 inhibition and a small molecule (TAK-242) that inhibits TLR4. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a large role in pathogen recognition and disease initiation, and TLR subtypes are differentially located within the lipid membranes of the cell surface and within intracellular endosomes. Oftentimes, in acute or chronic inflammatory conditions, multiple TLRs are activated, leading to stimulation of distinct, and sometimes overlapping, downstream pathways. As such, these inflammatory conditions may respond to attenuation of more than one initiating receptor. We show that dual targeting LSNAs, comprised of unilamellar liposomal cores, the INH-18 oligonucleotide sequence, and TAK-242 robustly inhibit TLR-9 and TLR-4 respectively, in engineered TLR reporter cells and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages. Importantly, the LSNAs exhibit up to a 10- and a 1000-fold increase, respectively, in TLR inhibition compared to the linear sequence and TAK-242 alone. Moreover, the timing of delivery is shown to be a critical factor in effecting TLR-inhibition, with near-complete TLR-4 inhibition occurring when cells were pretreated with SNAs for 4 h prior to stimulation. The most pronounced effect observed from this approach is the benefit of delivering the small molecule within the SNA via the receptor-mediated internalization pathway common to SNAs.
An Adaptive Model for Explicit Uncertainty Management (1998)

case-based reasoning, CBR, adaptivity, information retrieval, uncertainty Uncertainty is a peculiar aspect of the knowledge gathered by a diagnostic system. Looking at content, relevance and confidence as the basic elements of system knowledge, we notice that content (facts and rules) and relevance are widely exploited into diagnostic models and tools but confidence doesn't usually receive specific attention.
Complications Following Endovascular Management of Acute Distal Aortic Dissections (2005)

Distal aortic dissections (in relation to the origin of the left subclavian artery) are complex manifestations of a disease afﬂicting the aortic wall. Although chest pain and hypertension are nearly ubiquitous at the time of patient presentation, they are frequently managed without intervention solely relying on aggressive betablockade and other pharmacologic agents. However, patient presentation may be complicated by aortic rupture, or ischemia of the mesenteric, renal, or lower extremity circulation in 10-15% of patients with dissections. These patients require urgent therapy. Traditional treatments for acute problems with distal dissection are associated with mortality rates in excess of 50% largely due to the extent of ischemia, the quality of aortic tissue shortly after such an injury, and the magnitude of the required procedure (1-3). Endovascular treatment paradigms have replaced a signiﬁcant percentage of open procedures, particularly in the setting of critically ill patients (4-7). However, despite the less invasive approach, a multitude of complications may arise as a result of the initial pathophysiologic insult or technical misadventures.
Spatial regulation of a common precursor from two distinct genes generates metabolite diversity (2015)

In secondary metabolite biosynthesis, core synthetic genes such as polyketide synthase genes usually encode proteins that generate various backbone precursors. These precursors are modified by other tailoring enzymes to yield a large variety of different secondary metabolites. The number of core synthesis genes in a given species correlates, therefore, with the number of types of secondary metabolites the organism can produce. In our study, heterologous expression of all the <i>A. terreus</i> NRPS-like genes showed that two NRPS-like proteins, encoded by <i>atmelA</i> and <i>apvA</i>, release the same natural product, aspulvinone E. In hyphae this compound is converted to aspulvinones whereas in conidia it is converted to melanin. The genes are expressed in different tissues and this spatial control is probably regulated by their own specific promoters. Comparative genomics indicates that <i>atmelA</i> and <i>apvA</i> might share a same ancestral gene and the gene <i>apvA</i> is located in a highly conserved region in <i>Aspergillus</i> species that contains genes coding for life-essential proteins. Our data reveal the first case in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in which the tissue specific production of a single compound directs it into two separate pathways, producing distinct compounds with different functions. Our data also reveal that a single <i>trans</i>-prenyltransferase, AbpB, prenylates two substrates, aspulvinones and butyrolactones, revealing that genes outside of contiguous secondary metabolism gene clusters can modify more than one compound thereby expanding metabolite diversity. Our study raises the possibility of incorporation of spatial, cell-type specificity in expression of secondary metabolites of biological interest and provides new insight into designing and reconstituting their biosynthetic pathways.
Controlled Contamination of Epoxy Composites with PDMS and Removal by Laser Ablation (2016)

Surface preparation is critical to the performance of adhesively bonded composites. During manufacturing, minute quantities of mold release compounds are inevitably deposited on faying surfaces and may compromise bond performance. To ensure safety, mechanical fasteners and other crack arrest features must be installed in the bondlines of primary structures, which negates some advantages of adhesively bonded construction. Laser ablation is an automated, repeatable, and scalable process with high potential for the surface preparation of metals and composites in critical applications such as primary airframe structures. In this study, laser ablation is evaluated on composite surfaces for the removal of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a common mold release material. Composite panels were contaminated uniformly with PDMS film thicknesses as low as 6.0 nm as measured by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. Bond performance was assessed by mechanical testing using a 250 F cure, epoxy adhesive and compared with pre-bond surface inspection results. Water contact angle, optically stimulated electron emission, and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy were used to characterize contaminated and laser ablated surfaces. The failure mode obtained from double cantilever beam tests correlated well with surface characterization data. The test results indicated that even low levels of PDMS were not completely removed by laser ablation.
Dependency management in distributed settings (2004)

Applications in a computation and communication saturated pervasive-computing environment have to adapt their behaviors according the context of the user and the physical space. These "context-aware" applications typically obtain high-level situational understanding by aggregating one or more outputs of distributed sensors. To reduce the complexity of developing and deploying these adaptive applications, we designed and implemented a flexible software infrastructure, Solar, for large-scale context fusion (Chen et al., 2004). Solar consists of a set of functionally equivalent nodes, named Planets, which peer together to form a service overlay. A sensor connects to a Planet to register a name with Solar's naming service and publish a stream of events, while an application connects to a Planet to subscribe to one or more sensor outputs by querying Solar's name space. In addition, applications may inject data-fusion operators into the Solar to reduce the computation and communication costs on the mobile devices. In this paper we present our approach to address the dependency management issues in Solar.
Application of Porous Acicular Mullite for Filtration of Diesel Nano Particulates (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Material Design and Filter Fabrication DPF Performance Validation Engine Test Bench Mass Based Filtration Efficiency Mechanism of Filtration for Nano-Size Soot Particles Back Pressure Study Catalyst Coating and Pressure Drop Conclusions
Heme Environmental Structure of CooA Is Modulated by the Target DNA Binding (1998)

In order to investigate the gene activation mechanism triggered by the CO binding to CooA, a heme-containing transcriptional activator, the heme environmental structure and the dynamics of the CO rebinding and dissociation have been examined in the absence and presence of its target DNA. In the absence of DNA, the Fe-CO and C=O stretching Raman lines of the CO-bound CooA were observed at 487 and 1969 cm-1, respectively, suggesting that a neutral histidine is an axial ligand trans to CO. The frequency of nu(Fe-CO) implies an open conformation of the distal heme pocket, indicating that the ligand replaced by CO is located away from the bound CO. When the target DNA was added to CO-bound CooA, an appearance of a new nu(Fe-CO) line at 519 cm-1 and narrowing of the main line at 486 cm-1 were observed. Although the rate of the CO dissociation was insensitive to the additions of DNA, the CO rebinding was decelerated in the presence of the target DNA, but not in the presence of nonsense DNA. These observations demonstrate the structural alterations in the heme distal site in response to binding of the target DNA and support the activation mechanism proposed for CooA, which is triggered by the movement of the heme distal ligand to modify the conformation of the DNA binding domain.
Microwave Assisted Preparation of CdSe, PbSe, and Cu2-xSe Nanoparticles (2000)

Nanoparticles of various dimensions of II−VI binary chalcogenides CdSe, PbSe, and Cu2-xSe, have been prepared by a very simple fast reaction between acetates or sulfates of Cd, Pb, and Cu and Na2SeSO3 in the presence of complexating agents, using microwave irradiation. The nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Physical Chemistry of Water Droplets in Wafer Cleaning with Low Water Use (2014)

Reduction of water and energy consumption is of importance for keeping viable industry in Europe. In 2012 the Eniac project Silver was started in order to reduce water and energy consumption in the semiconductor industry by 10% [1]. Cleaning of wafers is one of the key process steps that require a high volume of Ultra-Pure Water (UPW). For the production of a single wafer more than 120 cleaning steps may be required [2]. Furthermore, the reduction of the feature size makes devices more vulnerable to damage by mechanical action. This trend gives rise to the need for new, gentler cleaning processes.
Datacenter Applications in Virtualized Networks: A Cross-Layer Performance Study (2014)

Datacenter-based Cloud computing has induced new disruptive trends in networking, key among which is network virtualization. Software-Defined Networking overlays aim to improve the efficiency of the next generation multitenant datacenters. While early overlay prototypes are already available, they focus mainly on core functionality, with little being known yet about their impact on the system level performance. Using query completion time as our primary performance metric, we evaluate the overlay network impact on two representative datacenter workloads, Partition/Aggregate and 3-Tier. We measure how much performance is traded for overlay's benefits in manageability, security and policing. Finally, we aim to assist the datacenter architects by providing a detailed evaluation of the key overlay choices, all made possible by our accurate cross-layer hybrid/mesoscale simulation platform.
A self-restorable architecture for bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network with colorless ONUs (2007)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel protection scheme for wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) employing colorless optical transceivers. The proposed network employs 2 x N arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to utilize its routing characteristics. The colorless operation is achieved by using wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes (FP-LDs) injected with spectrum-sliced amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light. The experimental results show that the restoration can be achieved within 8 ms against the feeder fiber fault and the power penalty introduced by the restoration process is negligible.
Evidence of canonical somatic hypermutation in hairy cell leukemia (2011)

To compare hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and normal B cells with respect to their B-cell receptors, somatic hypermutation (SHM) features in HCL were examined in a series of 130 immunoglobulin gene heavy chain rearrangements, including 102 from 100 classic (HCLc) and 28 from 26 variant (HCLv) patients. The frequency of unmutated rearrangements in HCLc was much lower than that in HCLv (17% vs 54%, P < .001) or historically in CLL (17% vs 46%, P < .001), but HCLv and CLL were similar (P = .45). As previously reported for CLL, evidence of canonical SHM was observed in HCLc rearrangements, including: (1) a higher ratio of replacement to silent mutations in the complementarity determining regions than in the framework regions (2.83 vs 1.41, P < .001), (2) higher transition to transversion ratio than would be expected if mutations were random (1.49 vs 0.5, P < .001), and (3) higher than expected concentration of mutations within RGYW hot spots (13.92% vs 3.33%, P < .001). HCLv met these 3 criteria of canonical SHM to a lesser extent. These data suggest that, whereas HCLc cells may recognize antigen-like CLL and normal B cells before malignant transformation, HCLv cells from some patients may originate differently, possibly without undergoing antigen recognition.
Chemomechanical Functionalization and Patterning of Silicon (2005)

The chemomechanical method has emerged as a straightforward and convenient tool for simultaneously functionalizing and patterning silicon. This technique simply consists of wetting (or exposing) a silicon surface to a reactive chemical and then scribing. Scribing activates the surface and leads to monolayer formation. The properties of the monolayers are dependent on the reactive chemicals used, and mixed monolayers and funtionalized monolayers are easily produced with mixed chemicals or alpha,omega-bifunctional compounds, respectively. Both micrometer and nanometer sized functionalized features have been created. It has been shown that this technique has potential in a variety of applications.
Innate immune responses in acute HIV-1 infection: protective or pathogenic? (2013)

Background The importance of events in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) in determining the subsequent disease course prompts a need to understand the virus-immune system interactions in this phase of infection that impact on concurrent and ensuing viral replication and pathogenesis. The speed with which innate responses can be mobilized following pathogen exposure suggests they may play critical roles in AHI. We sought to characterise the innate responses activated during AHI and identify components of the response that contribute to control of viremia or conversely promote immune activation and virus replication.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Acid‐Derived 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles. (2011)

Abstract Gold‐catalyzed cyclization of amino acid‐derived propargylic amides followed by subsequent quenching with bromine provides access to a variety of bromomethyloxazoles (II).
Pricing and Persistence of Systematic Sources of Active Equity Returns (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Pricing of the Systematic Sources of Active Equity Returns Persistence of the Systematic Sources of Active Equity Returns Momentum, Value, and Risk Aversion ActiveBeta Framework: A Summary of Relationships