gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Background-Oriented Schlieren of Fuel Jet Flapping Under Thermoacoustic Oscillations in a Sequential Combustor (2018)

This study deals with thermoacoustic instabilities in a generic sequential combustor. The thermoacoustic feedback involves two flames: the perfectly premixed swirled flame anchored in the first stage and the sequential flame established downstream of the mixing section, into which secondary fuel is injected in the vitiated stream from the first stage. It is shown that the large amplitude flapping of the secondary fuel jet in the mixing section plays a key role in the thermoacoustic feedback. This evidence is brought using high-speed background-oriented Schlieren (BOS). The fuel jet flapping is induced by the intense acoustic field at the fuel injection point. It has two consequences: first, it leads to the advection of equivalence ratio oscillations toward the sequential flame; second, it modulates the residence time of the ignitable mixture in the mixing section, which periodically triggers autoignition kernels developing upstream of the chamber. In addition, the BOS images are processed to quantify the flow velocity in the mixing section and these results are validated using particle image velocimetry (PIV). This study presents a new type of thermoacoustic feedback mechanism, which is peculiar to sequential combustion systems. In addition, it demonstrates how BOS can effectively complement other diagnostic techniques that are routinely used for the study of thermoacoustic instabilities.
Comparative gamma spectroscopy with SrI2(Eu), GYGAG(Ce) and Bi-loaded plastic scintillators (2010)

We are developing new scintillator materials that offer potential for high resolution gamma ray spectroscopy at low cost. Single crystal SrI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (Eu) offers ~3% resolution at 662 keV, in sizes of ~1 in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . We have developed ceramics processing technology allowing us to achieve cubic inch scale transparent ceramic scintillators offering gamma spectroscopy performance superior to NaI(Tl). Our bismuth-loaded plastic scintillator demonstrates energy resolution of ~8% at 662 keV, for samples of ~0.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐LITSENOLIDE C1 (1980)

Abstract Das Bromlacton (I) tauscht zu den isomeren Methylthio‐Verbindungen (Ib) aus, deren Anion zum Carbinol (II) reagiert.
Direct‐Write Freeform Colloidal Assembly (2018)

Colloidal assembly is an attractive means to control material properties via hierarchy of particle composition, size, ordering, and macroscopic form. However, despite well-established methods for assembling colloidal crystals as films and patterns on substrates, and within microscale confinements such as droplets or microwells, it has not been possible to build freeform colloidal crystal structures. Direct-write colloidal assembly, a process combining the bottom-up principle of colloidal self-assembly with the versatility of direct-write 3D printing, is introduced in the present study. By this method, centimeter-scale, free-standing colloidal structures are built from a variety of materials. A scaling law that governs the rate of assembly is derived; macroscale structural color is tailored via the size and crystalline ordering of polystyrene particles, and several freestanding structures are built from silica and gold particles. Owing to the diversity of colloidal building blocks and the means to control their interactions, direct-write colloidal assembly could therefore enable novel composites, photonics, electronics, and other materials and devices.
A CMOS 10-gb/s SONET transceiver (2004)

This paper presents a single-chip SONET OC-192 transceiver (transmitter and receiver) fabricated in a 90-nm mixed-signal CMOS process. The transmitter consists of a 10-GHz clock multiplier unit (CMU), 16:1 multiplexer, and 10-Gb/s output buffer. The receiver consists of a 10-Gb/s limiting input amplifier, clock and data recovery circuit (CDR), 1:16 demultiplexer, and drivers for low-voltage differential signal (LVDS) outputs. Both transmit and receive phase-locked loops employ a 10-GHz on-chip LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). This transceiver exceeds all SONET OC-192 specifications with ample margin. Jitter generation at 10.66-Gb/s data rate is 18 mUI/sub pp/ (unit interval, peak-to-peak) and jitter tolerance is 0.6 UI/sub pp/ at 4-MHz jitter frequency. This transceiver requires 1.2V for the core logic and 1.8 V for input/output LVDS buffers. Multiple power supply domains are implemented here to mitigate crosstalk between receiver and transmitter. The overall power dissipation of this chip is 1.65 W.
A phase 1b randomized study of the safety and immunological responses to vaccination with H4:IC31, H56:IC31, and BCG revaccination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-uninfected adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa (2020)

NIAID and Aeras.
Analytical relationship for the oxidation of silicon in dry oxygen in the thin-film regime (1987)

The oxidation of silicon in dry oxgen is characterized by an initial stage where the growth rate is larger than predicted by the Deal–Grove linear-parabolic general oxidation relationship. This growth-rate enhancement has been studied in the 800–1000 °C range by using in situ ellipsometry, and its dependence on the oxidation parameters has been analyzed. In this paper, the rate enhancement in the thin-film regime is analyzed as a function of oxidation time and is found to fit two terms which decay exponentially with time. These results yield an analytical relationship between the oxide thickness and the oxidation time that describes SiO2 growth beyond the native oxide. The nature of the additional oxidation mechanisms and their decay with time is discussed.
A robust and reproducible human pluripotent stem cell derived model of neurite outgrowth in a three-dimensional culture system and its application to study neurite inhibition (2016)

The inability of neurites to grow and restore neural connections is common to many neurological disorders, including trauma to the central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, there is need for a robust and reproducible model of neurite outgrowth, to provide a tool to study the molecular mechanisms that underpin the process of neurite inhibition and to screen molecules that may be able to overcome such inhibition. In this study a novel in vitro pluripotent stem cell based model of human neuritogenesis was developed. This was achieved by incorporating additional technologies, notably a stable synthetic inducer of neural differentiation, and the application of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques. We have evaluated the use of photostable, synthetic retinoid molecules to promote neural differentiation and found that 0.01 μM EC23 was the optimal concentration to promote differentiation and neurite outgrowth from human pluripotent stem cells within our model. We have also developed a methodology to enable quick and accurate quantification of neurite outgrowth derived from such a model. Furthermore, we have obtained significant neurite outgrowth within a 3D culture system enhancing the level of neuritogenesis observed and providing a more physiological microenvironment to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underpin neurite outgrowth and inhibition within the nervous system. We have demonstrated a potential application of our model in co-culture with glioma cells, to recapitulate aspects of the process of neurite inhibition that may also occur in the injured spinal cord. We propose that such a system that can be utilised to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underpin neurite inhibition mediated via glial and neuron interactions.
117 INVESTIGATION OF ACS (1997)

Trepanier, Daniel J.1; Martin, Scott1; Datta, Pradip2; Wahl, Hans G.3; Yatscoff, Randall W.1 Author Information
EXAFS Characterization of Dendrimer-Derived Pt/γ-Al2O3 (2007)

The various steps involved in the preparation of a Pt/γ‐Al2O3 material using hydroxyl‐terminated generation four (G4OH) PAMAM dendrimers as templates were monitored by EXAFS. The results indicate that Cl ligands in the Pt precursors (H2PtCl6 and K2PtCl4) were partially replaced by aquo ligands upon hydrolysis to form [PtCl3(H2O)3]+ and [PtCl2(H2O)2] species. After interaction of such species with G4OH, Cl ligands from the first coordination shell of Pt were further replaced by nitrogen atoms from the dendrimer interior, indicating the complexation of Pt with the dendrimer. This process was accompanied by a transfer of the electron density from the dendrimer to Pt, indicating that the former plays the role of a ligand. Following treatment of the H2PtCl6/G4OH and K2PtCl4/G4OH composites with NaBH4, no substantial changes were detecteded in the electronic or coordination environment of Pt, and no formation of metal nanoparticles was observed. However, when the reduction treatment was performed with H2, the formation of extremely small Pt clusters incorporating no more than 4 Pt atoms was observed. These Pt species remained strongly bonded to the dendrimer and their nuclearity depends on the length of the H2 treatment. Formation of Pt nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 10 Å was finally observed after the deposition of H2PtCl6/G4OH on γ‐Al2O3 and drying, suggesting that their formation may be related to the collapse of the dendrimer structure. The Pt nanoparticles formed appear to have high mobility, since subsequent thermal treatment in O2/H2 led to further sintering.
Optimal Cross-Layer Resource Allocation in Cellular Networks Using Channel- and Queue-State Information (2012)

Algorithms that jointly allocate resources across different layers are envisioned to boost the performance of wireless systems. Recent results have revealed that two of the most important parameters that critically affect the resulting cross-layer designs are channel- and queue-state information (QSI). Motivated by these results, this paper relies on stochastic convex optimization to develop optimal algorithms that use instantaneous fading and queue length information to allocate resources at the transport (flow-control), link, and physical layers. Focus is placed on a cellular system, where an access point exchanges information with different users over flat-fading orthogonal channels. Both uplink and downlink setups are considered. The allocation strategies are obtained as the solution of a constrained utility maximization problem that involves average performance metrics. It turns out that the optimal allocation at a given instant depends on the instantaneous channel-state information (CSI) and Lagrange multipliers, which are associated with the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements and the operating conditions of the system. The multipliers are estimated online using stochastic approximation tools and are linked with the window-averaged length of the queues. Capitalizing on those links, queue stability and average queuing delay of the developed algorithms are characterized, and a simple mechanism is devised to effect delay priorities among users.
Bromocriptine use and the risk of valvular heart disease (2008)

It has been reported that patients on pergolide and carbergoline have an increased risk of developing valvular heart disease. It is uncertain if bromocriptine, an ergot-derived dopamine agonist (DA) with partial 5-HT(2B) activity, is associated with a similar risk. We assessed the frequency of valvular heart disease in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients on bromocriptine compared to pergolide and a control group of PD patients who had not been treated on any DA. Seventy-two PD patients on bromocriptine, 21 patients on pergolide, and 47 control PD patients were recruited. Transthoracic echocardiographic studies were performed and reviewed by a blinded cardiologist. The risk for the bromocriptine group to develop any abnormal valvular regurgitation was 3.32 (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 1.11-9.92, P = 0.03) compared to controls, whereas the risk for the pergolide group was 3.66 (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 1.22-10.97, P = 0.02). When cumulative dose of bromocriptine was analyzed by quartiles, patients with a greater exposure to bromocriptine had significantly higher risk of developing both mild and moderate-severe regurgitations (P for trend, 0.005 and 0.019, respectively). This study demonstrated that bromocriptine use was associated with an increased risk of developing valvular heart disease, which occurred in a cumulative dose-dependent manner.
Immunologic Mechanisms in Intestinal Diseases (1987)

The intestine is a unique immunologic organ that comprises an afferent and efferent compartment and provides the host with the ability to respond through several different effector mechanisms against environmental factors. We discuss mechanisms in three intestinal diseases in this overview of the mucosal immune system. Genetic and immunologic factors are important in the pathogenesis of celiac disease, which is characterized by damage to the mucosa of the small intestine with resultant malabsorption. Pathogenic microbes are important environmental agents that interact with the intestinal mucosa and initiate local immune responses. Advances in the understanding of the mucosal immune response to these pathogenic microbes have produced a clear picture of the way in which this specialized immune system works in concert with systemic immunity. As to the autoimmune nature of inflammatory bowel disease, no specific antigen has been shown to incite the inflammatory reactions and neither the target cells nor the effector mechanism involved have been identified. Several factors exist, however, to suggest an autoimmune mechanism and the role of mucosal immunologic factors in this disease.
Intrazeolite Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Quantum Supralattices (1991)

Recent developments in host-guest inclusion chemistry have paved the way to the controlled and reproducible assembly of sodalite and faujasite quantum dots and supralattices, the latter being comprised of regular arrays of monodispersed semiconductor (eg. AgX, WO3) quantum dots confined in a dielectric material. This work has led to the synthesis of the first examples of mixed component semiconductor quantum supralattices represented by the new sodalite family of materials (8-2n)Na,2nAg,(2-p)X,pY-SOD. Collective electronic coupling between these encapsulated and stabilized nanostructures can be altered through judicious variations in the host structure and guest loading. When the carrier wave function is restricted to the region of the imbibed nanostructures, quantum size effects (QSE's) are observed which give rise to differences in the optical, vibrational and magnetic resonance properties of these materials with respect to those of the bulk semiconductor parent. In this regime of strong quantum confinement, one anticipates resonant and non-resonant excitonic optical nonlinearities associated with χ(3) to be enhanced with respect to those of the respective quantum wire, quantum well, and bulk semiconductor materials.
Doping Limits of Grown insitu Doped Silicon Nanowires Using Phosphine (2008)

Structural characterization and electrical measurements of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) synthesized by Au catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth using silane and axially doped in situ with phosphine are reported. We demonstrate that highly n-doped SiNWs can be grown without structural defects and high selectivity and find that addition of the dopant reduces the growth rate by less than 8% irrespective of the radius. This indicates that also the dopant incorporation is radius-independent. On the basis of electrical measurements on individual wires, contact resistivities as low as 1.2 x 10(-7) omega cm(-2) were extracted. Resistivity measurements reveal a reproducible donor incorporation of up to 1.5 x 1020 cm-3 using a gas phase ratios of Si/P = 1.5 x 10(-2). Higher dopant gas concentrations did not lead to an increase of the doping concentration beyond 1.5 x10(20) cm(-3).
The Temporalis Muscle Flap for Reconstruction After Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery (2001)

Compared with other regional flaps, such as the pectoralis myocutaneous flap, the temporalis muscle flap is associated with low donor-site esthetic and functional morbidity and offers great flexibility in reconstruction. The temporalis muscle flap is a useful, reliable flap that belongs in the armamentarium of surgeons who are involved with reconstruction of head and neck tissue defects.
A-InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistor with Non-Vacuum Processed InGaZnO/AlOx Gate Dielectric Stack (2013)

We fabricated a thin-film transistor (TFT) with an amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) and aluminum oxide (AlOx) gate dielectric stack that was deposited by a solution-based atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. Field effect mobility of 4.1 cm2•V-1•s-1 and on/off current ratio of over 108 were obtained. We also investigated the effects of an ozone (O3) surface treatment of gate dielectric on electrical properties of the IGZO TFTs. The O3 surface treatment of the AlOx gate dielectric reduced the maximum area density of states in the IGZO TFTs. Moreover, transfer curve hysteresis also decreased by applying the O3 surface treatment of the AlOx gate dielectric.
Evaluation of a θ-Defensin in a Murine Model of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Keratitis (2007)

purpose. To test the activity of a synthetic θ-defensin, retrocyclin (RC)-2, in a murine herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 keratitis model. methods. The in vitro antiviral activity of RC-2 against HSV-1 KOS was determined by yield reduction and viral inactivation assays. Efficacy in an experimental murine HSV-1 keratitis model was tested using pre- or postinfection treatment with 0.1% peptide in PBS with or without 2% methylcellulose. Viral titers in the tear film were determined by plaque assay. results. RC-2 inhibited HSV-1 KOS in vitro with an EC50 of 10 μM (∼20 μg/mL) in yield-reduction assays, but was not directly virucidal. RC-106 (a less active analogue) did not inhibit HSV-1 KOS in culture. Incubating the virus with RC-2 or applying the peptide in 2% methylcellulose to the cornea before viral infection significantly reduced the severity of ocular disease, but postinfection treatment with 0.1% RC-2 in PBS with or without 2% methylcellulose did not. Viral titers were significantly reduced on some days after infection in the preincubation and prophylaxis groups. conclusions. RC-2 was active against HSV-1 KOS in cultures and showed protective activity in vivo when used in a prophylactic mode, but the peptide showed limited activity in a postinfection herpes keratitis model. These findings support data obtained from experiments with HIV-1, HSV-2, and influenza A, indicating that RCs inhibit the entry of viruses rather than their replication.
Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction of sardine (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker) oil using response surface methodology (RSM) (2015)

Oil was extracted from freeze-dried sardine (Sardinella lemur) fillets using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and a few milliliters of ethanol were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The impact of extraction pressure (200–400 bars) and temperature (40–70 °C) were studied on the total extraction yields, ratios of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The results were compared with those of Soxhlet and modified Kinsella methods (MKM). The oils obtained using the SC-CO2 and MKM methods were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in oil yield (8.04% and 6.83%), EPA (5.43% and 5.45%) and DHA (18.76% and 18.54%), respectively, compared to the Soxhlet yield (5.10%), EPA (2.17%) and DHA (06.46%). Of the two independent variables, pressure had a critical effect on yield while EPA and DHA ratios were notably influenced by temperature. The combined optimal values were pressure at 328 bars and temperature at 40 °C, with corresponding responses of 7.20%, 5.68% and 20.09% for yield, EPA and DHA, respectively. The experimental values in this study were reasonably comparable to their predicted counterparts.
LiSr2[TaN3]F – a Single Chain Nitridotantalate (2011)

Abstract The chain type nitridotantalate LiSr 2 [TaN 3 ]F was synthesized by reaction of strontium with AlF 3 , Eu(NH 2 ) 2 , LiN 3 and lithium metal as fluxing agent in weld shut tantalum ampoules. Single crystals were obtained as byproduct from reaction with the ampoule material. The crystal structure ( Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.768(2), b = 5.5913(11), c = 15.891(3) Å, Z = 8) was solved on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. LiSr 2 [TaN 3 ]F contains infinite chains of vertex sharing TaN 4 tetrahedra running along [010]. The structure can be understood as an intercalation of Li + and F – into Sr 2 TaN 3 . Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical composition.
Information-Theoretic Stochastic Resonance in Noise-Floor Limited Systems: The Case for Adding Noise (2000)

We show that in systems whose output must compete with a noise source, stochastic resonance (maximization of output signal-noise separation as a nonmonotonic function of input noise strength) exists even when measured in terms of fundamental statistical measures and optimal detector performance. This is in contrast to the commonly considered scenario where, without the competing noise, the system (e.g., a driven, overdamped particle moving in a double well potential) is essentially invertible and optimal detector performance monotonically deteriorates with increasing input noise strength.
Probing the Evolutionary History of Human Bitter Taste Receptor Pseudogenes by Restoring Their Function (2017)

Lineage-specific gene losses can be driven by selection or environmental adaptations. However, a lack of studies on the original function of species-specific pseudogenes leaves a gap in our understanding of their role in evolutionary histories. Pseudogenes are of particular relevance for taste perception genes, which encode for receptors that confer the ability to both identify nutritionally valuable substances and avoid potentially harmful substances. To explore the role of bitter taste pseudogenization events in human origins, we restored the open reading frames of the three human-specific pseudogenes and synthesized the reconstructed functional hTAS2R2, hTAS2R62 and hTAS2R64 receptors. We have identified ligands that differentially activate the human and chimpanzee forms of these receptors and several other human functional TAS2Rs. We show that these receptors are narrowly tuned, suggesting that bitter-taste sensitivities evolved independently in different species, and that these pseudogenization events occurred because of functional redundancy. The restoration of function of lineage-specific pseudogenes can aid in the reconstruction of their evolutionary history, and in understanding the forces that led to their pseudogenization.
A NIR-LED based on tensile strained, heavily doped Ge/Si μ-strips fabricated in a BiCMOS pilot line (2017)

We present an edge-light emitting diode based on highly doped Ge/Si μ-strips strained by a SiN top stressor. The device, manufactured in a BiCMOS pilot line, shows RT NIR electroluminescence in a spectral region extending from the C- to the U-telecom bands and beyond.