gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interoperability of the Voltage/Current Doubler Converter Employing Bipolar Pads with the SAE J2954 VA WPT2/Z2 for EV Wireless Charging (2022)

This paper investigates the interoperability of the proposed voltage/current doubler (V/I-D) converter used for wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs), which achieves high efficiency when charging both 400V and 800V batteries at the same power. Nominally, the V/I-D converter employs bipolar pads (BPP) at both the primary and the secondary circuits. In this study, the functionality of the converter is assessed when the primary BPP is coupled with a standard secondary coil, here being the VA test station WPT2/Z2 from SAE J2954. First, the intended operation of the V/I- D converter is explained. After that, the equivalent circuit of the BPP primary coupled with the standardized secondary coil is modeled analytically. The operation based on the misalignment is discussed. Then, the interoperability is verified through experimental results for the entire constant current charging mode for a rated output power of 7.2kW. Even though the functionality of the V/I-D converter is not optimal during the interoperability, the measured DC-to-DC power transfer efficiency in the considered operating range reaches the maximum at 95.22%, while the minimum is 92.86%.
EGFR-related genomic abundance associates with EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer and is accurately detected by interphase FISH (2006)

2419 Members of the EGFR family of receptors are important players in lung tumorigenesis and ideal targets for molecular therapy. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and mutations in EGFR as well as EGFR and HER2 high copy numbers have been associated with sensitivity to TKIs. The association of EGFR mutation, gene amplification and sensitivity to TKIs was investigated in NSCLC cell lines and a comprehensive cytogenetic evaluation (metaphase and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization - FISH, GTL banding, spectral karyotyping - SKY and comparative genomic hybridization - CGH) was performed to verify whether interphase FISH analysis was technically accurate to represent genomic status. Gene amplification was found in higher frequency among 8 lines carrying EGFR mutations (6, 2 and 1 for EGFR, HER2 and HER3 respectively) than in 26 lines without mutation (0, 1 and 0, respectively). Sensitivity to TKIs increased according to the sum of the mean copy number per cell of the EGFR, HER2 and HER3 genes. All sensitive lines had >15 copies of these genes per cell. Metaphase FISH analysis has not detected gene amplification in cases of small amplicons. Small gene clusters identified by interphase FISH were confirmed as gene amplification by CGH when present in the majority of nuclei (EGFR in H820, HER2 in HCC827) but not when observed in
Functional Characterization of Clinical Isolates of the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus nidulans (2020)

<i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> is an opportunistic fungal pathogen in patients with immunodeficiency, and virulence of <i>A. nidulans</i> isolates has mainly been studied in the context of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), with characterization of clinical isolates obtained from non-CGD patients remaining elusive. This study therefore carried out a detailed biological characterization of two <i>A. nidulans</i> clinical isolates (CIs), obtained from a patient with breast carcinoma and pneumonia and from a patient with cystic fibrosis that underwent lung transplantation, and compared them to the reference, nonclinical FGSC A4 strain. Both CIs presented increased growth in comparison to that of the reference strain in the presence of physiologically relevant carbon sources. Metabolomic analyses showed that the three strains are metabolically very different from each other in these carbon sources. Furthermore, the CIs were highly susceptible to cell wall-perturbing agents but not to other physiologically relevant stresses. Genome analyses identified several frameshift variants in genes encoding cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling components. Significant differences in CWI signaling were confirmed by Western blotting among the three strains. <i>In vivo</i> virulence studies using several different models revealed that strain MO80069 had significantly higher virulence in hosts with impaired neutrophil function than the other strains. In summary, this study presents detailed biological characterization of two <i>A. nidulans</i><i>sensu stricto</i> clinical isolates. Just as in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, strain heterogeneity exists in <i>A. nidulans</i> clinical strains that can define virulence traits. Further studies are required to fully characterize <i>A. nidulans</i> strain-specific virulence traits and pathogenicity.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to infections with opportunistic filamentous fungi from the genus <i>Aspergillus</i> Although <i>A. fumigatus</i> is the main etiological agent of <i>Aspergillus</i> species-related infections, other species, such as <i>A. nidulans</i>, are prevalent in a condition-specific manner. <i>A. nidulans</i> is a predominant infective agent in patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). <i>A. nidulans</i> isolates have mainly been studied in the context of CGD although infection with <i>A. nidulans</i> also occurs in non-CGD patients. This study carried out a detailed biological characterization of two non-CGD <i>A. nidulans</i> clinical isolates and compared the results to those with a reference strain. Phenotypic, metabolomic, and genomic analyses highlight fundamental differences in carbon source utilization, stress responses, and maintenance of cell wall integrity among the strains. One clinical strain had increased virulence in models with impaired neutrophil function. Just as in <i>A. fumigatus</i>, strain heterogeneity exists in <i>A. nidulans</i> clinical strains that can define virulence traits.
Supplementary Table 1 from MicroRNA Signatures in Human Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from MicroRNA Signatures in Human Ovarian Cancer
Impact of Power Control on Performance of IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks (2007)

Optimizing spectral reuse is a major issue in large-scale IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Power control is an effective means for doing so. Much previous work simply assumes that each transmitter should use the minimum transmit power needed to reach its receiver, and that this would maximize the network capacity by increasing spectral reuse. It turns out that this is not necessarily the case, primarily because of hidden nodes. This paper shows that in a network with power control, avoiding hidden nodes can achieve higher overall network capacity compared with the minimum-transmit-power approach. It is not always best to use the minimum transmit powers even from the network capacity viewpoint. Specifically, we propose and investigate two distributed adaptive power control algorithms that minimize mutual interferences among links while avoiding hidden nodes. Different power control schemes have different numbers of exposed nodes and hidden nodes, which in turn result in different network capacities and fairness. Although there is usually a fundamental tradeoff between network capacity and fairness, we show that, interestingly, this is not always the case. In addition, our power control algorithms can operate at desirable network- capacity-fairness tradeoff points, and can boost the capacity of ordinary non-power-controlled 802.11 networks by two times while eliminating hidden nodes.
The Mechanism of Burn‐in Loss in a High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cell (2011)

Degradation in a high efficiency polymer solar cell is caused by the formation of states in the bandgap. These states increase the energetic disorder in the system. The power conversion efficiency loss does not occur when current is run through the device in the dark but occurs when the active layer is photo-excited.
The dissociation mechanism of processive cellulases (2019)

Cellulase enzymes deconstruct recalcitrant cellulose into soluble sugars, making them a biocatalyst of biotechnological interest for use in the nascent lignocellulosic bioeconomy. Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are cellulases capable of liberating many sugar molecules in a processive manner without dissociating from the substrate. Within the complete processive cycle of CBHs, dissociation from the cellulose substrate is rate limiting, but the molecular mechanism of this step is unknown. Here, we present a direct comparison of potential molecular mechanisms for dissociation via Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics of the model fungal CBH, Trichoderma reesei Cel7A. Computational rate estimates indicate that stepwise cellulose dethreading from the binding tunnel is 4 orders of magnitude faster than a clamshell mechanism, in which the substrate-enclosing loops open and release the substrate without reversing. We also present the crystal structure of a disulfide variant that covalently links substrate-enclosing loops on either side of the substrate-binding tunnel, which constitutes a CBH that can only dissociate via stepwise dethreading. Biochemical measurements indicate that this variant has a dissociation rate constant essentially equivalent to the wild type, implying that dethreading is likely the predominant mechanism for dissociation.
Polymer Ablation with Excimer Lasers (1993)

Abstract Ablative photodecomposition of two polymers, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)(PEN) and polyether-sulfone (PES), has been investigated for the surface modification. Regular granular microstructures appeared on the surface of PEN film after irradiation with excimer lasers (ArF, KrF, XeCl, and XeF). The microstructure formation of PEN film is explained by the growth of debris originated from the different etching rate between crystalline and amorphous region. In the case of PES, when irradiation with XeCl excimer laser was performed at a fluence of 750 mJ cm−2, periodic wavy microstructures were formed. These surfaces modified by excimer laser ablation have potential application into alignment of liquid crystals and selective-area electroless plating.
Serological Response of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Type III Secreted Proteins in Sera from Vaccinated Rabbits, Naturally Infected Cattle, and Humans (2011)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The colonization of cattle and human hosts is mediated through the action of effectors secreted via a type III secretion system (T3SS). The structural genes for the T3SS and many of the secreted effectors are located on a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). We cloned and expressed the genes coding for 66 effectors and purified each to measure the cross-reactivity of type III secreted proteins from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes. These included 37 LEE-encoded proteins and 29 non-LEE effectors. The serological response against each protein was measured by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sera from rabbits immunized with type III secreted proteins (T3SPs) from four STEC serotypes, experimentally infected cattle, and human sera from six HUS patients. Twenty proteins were recognized by at least one of the STEC T3SP-vaccinated rabbits by Western blotting. Several structural proteins (EspA, EspB, and EspD) and a number of effectors (Tir, NleA, and TccP) were recognized by O26-, O103-, O111-, and O157-specific sera. Sera from experimentally infected cattle and HUS patients were tested using an ELISA against each of the proteins. Tir, EspB, EspD, EspA, and NleA were recognized by the majority of the samples tested. A number of other proteins also were recognized by individual serum samples. Overall, proteins such as Tir, EspB, EspD, NleA, and EspA were highly immunogenic in vaccinated and naturally infected subjects and could be candidates for a cross-protective STEC vaccine.
Class-Weighted Evaluation Metrics for Imbalanced Data Classification (2021)

Class distribution skews in imbalanced datasets may lead to models with prediction bias towards majority classes, making fair assessment of classifiers a challenging task. Balanced Accuracy is a popular metric used to evaluate a classifier’s prediction performance under such scenarios. However, this metric falls short when classes vary in importance, especially when class importance is skewed differently from class cardinality distributions. In this paper, we propose a simple and general-purpose evaluation framework for imbalanced data classification that is sensitive to arbitrary skews in class cardinalities and importances. Experiments with several state-of-the-art classifiers tested on real-world datasets and benchmarks from two different domains show that our new framework is more effective than Balanced Accuracy –- not only in evaluating and ranking model predictions, but also in training the models themselves.
Increased hepatic oxygen consumption during alcohol withdrawal (1988)

Catecholamines, which are elevated during alcohol withdrawal, can alter hepatic blood flow and increase hepatic oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that, in the withdrawal state, hepatic oxygen consumption and delivery could be altered in relation to an increased sympathetic activity. Thirteen chronic alcoholics were studied 34-72 h after withdrawal and 10 days later (control period) using conventional hemodynamic methods. As compared with the control period, splanchnic oxygen uptake was elevated at withdrawal (74.5 ± 27.1 vs 59.2 ± 16.8 ml/min, p &lt; 0.025) and its variation was correlated with that of plasma epinephrine (r = 0.70, p &lt; 0.01). The hepatic venous oxygen content was reduced at withdrawal (113 ± 22 vs 126 ± 21 ml/L, p &lt; 0.025) and correlated inversely with plasma norepinephrine levels (r = 0.56, p &lt; 0.01). We conclude that, during alcohol withdrawal in humans, hepatic energy expenditure may be elevated in relation to epinephrine secretion and that sympathetic overactivity may hinder the adaptive response in hepatic blood flow. The wide range in sympathetic nervous response to alcohol withdrawal could explain some differences in individual susceptibility to liver damage caused by alcohol.
A Short Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Piperidines by Aldol Reaction of Chelated Amino Acid Ester Enolates (1998)

Aldol reactions of a chelated glycine ester enolate with a chiral aldehyde gives rise to the corresponding polyhydroxylated amino acid with excellent induced diastereoselectivity. These oxygenated amino acids can be converted into polyhydroxylated pipecolinic acids and azasugars by cyclization using the Mitsunobu reaction. An interesting epimerization was observed during the cyclization. The potential glycosidase inhibitor 1-deoxyaltronojirimycin (8b) was synthesized by this approach in a highly stereoselective fashion.
Hepatitis B Virus Blocks the CRE/CREB Complex and Prevents TLR9 Transcription and Function in Human B Cells (2018)

Effective B cell responses such as cytokine secretion, proliferation, and Ab-specific responses are essential to clear hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, HBV alters numerous immune pathways to persist in the host. B cell activity depends on activation of the innate sensor TLR9 by viral or bacterial DNA motifs. How HBV can deregulate B cell functions remains unknown. In this study, we show that HBV can enter and decrease TLR9 expression in human primary B cells. Using PBMCs from human blood donors, we show that TLR9 expression was reduced in all peripheral B cells subsets exposed to HBV. B cell function mediated by TLR9, but not TLR7, such as proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines secretion, were abrogated in the presence of HBV; however, global Ig secretion was not downregulated. Mechanistically, we show, using human myeloma B cell line RPMI 8226, that the surface Ag hepatitis B surface Ag was responsible for TLR9 dysfunction. hepatitis B surface Ag suppressed the phosphorylation and thus the activation of the transcription factor CREB, preventing TLR9 promoter activity. Finally, we corroborated our in vitro findings in a cohort of chronic HBV carriers and found that TLR9 expression and function were significantly suppressed. The effect of HBV on TLR9 activity in B cells gives insights into oncoviral immune escape strategies, providing knowledge to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches in chronic HBV-carrier patients.
ChemInform Abstract: BINAS ‐ Synthesis and Use of a New Ligand for Propylene Hydroformylation. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Author's Reply to “Comments on `Variable Explicit Regularization in Affine Projection Algorithm: Robustness Issues and Optimal Choice' ” (2010)

Muralidhar et al. point out that when the VR-APA is applied in echo cancellation it will diverge during the presence of a near-end signal or a silence period. We provide an explanation for the behavior of the algorithm and show that a double-talk detector makes the VR-APA suitable for this application.
Long-term maintenance therapy of established human small cell variant lung carcinoma implants in athymic mice with a cyclic regimen of difluoromethylornithine. (1986)

We report that cyclic p.o. administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, is an effective long-term (1-year) maintenance therapy for established implants of cultured human small cell lung carcinoma in athymic (nude) mice. Human small cell lung carcinoma cells, from a line which exhibited cell death in culture in the presence of DFMO, were inoculated into athymic mice and permitted to grow to palpable tumors (3-5-mm nodules with mean volume of 0.04 cm3). The animals were then randomized into untreated, continuous treatment and cyclic (3 weeks of 4 beginning 1 week after 8 weeks continuous) treatment groups. Treatment consisted of 3% DFMO in the drinking water (5.1 g/kg/day). The tumors in the untreated group grew to 27 cm3 by 8 weeks and the animals had a median survival of 7.6 weeks. Tumor growth was inhibited by 99% (0.3 cm3) in the continuous treatment group in comparison to untreated controls. Survival was prolonged with 93% survival at 10 weeks and a 101% increase in median survival to 15.3 weeks (P less than 0.05). The cyclic DFMO group had a 98.3% inhibition in tumor growth for longer than 1 year (0.56 cm3; P less than 0.05). Survival was also markedly prolonged compared to the untreated group with 100% survival up to 24 weeks and a median survival of 54.3 weeks (P less than 0.05). No significant toxicities were observed in the first 10 weeks of DFMO treatment even though antitumor effects were observed. With continuous DFMO treatment, the animals eventually became debilitated and developed marked weight loss and thrombocytopenia; by 20 weeks, mortality was 79%. With cyclic therapy, the animals resumed weight gain, recovered from thrombocytopenia and, at 20 weeks, had 0% mortality. By 55 weeks, mortality was 50% which, however, was not significantly different (P approximately 0.50) from mortality of a control group of nontumorous, athymic mice that had weekly body weight and skin fold measurements concurrently with the experimental, tumor-bearing animals. Thus, the observed mortality is ascribable to continuous encroachment on the normally sterile environment. These data suggest a role for DFMO in long-term therapy of sensitive human tumors such as small cell lung carcinoma, especially in patients with a low tumor burden. Furthermore, a cyclic regimen might be an important tool in maintaining clinical remissions induced by conventional combination chemotherapy.
Seriation in Paleontological Data Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods (2006)

Given a collection of fossil sites with data about the taxa that occur in each site, the task in biochronology is to find good estimates for the ages or ordering of sites. We describe a full probabilistic model for fossil data. The parameters of the model are natural: the ordering of the sites, the origination and extinction times for each taxon, and the probabilities of different types of errors. We show that the posterior distributions of these parameters can be estimated reliably by using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. The posterior distributions of the model parameters can be used to answer many different questions about the data, including seriation (finding the best ordering of the sites) and outlier detection. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model and estimation method on synthetic data and on real data on large late Cenozoic mammals. As an example, for the sites with large number of occurrences of common genera, our methods give orderings, whose correlation with geochronologic ages is 0.95.
Abstract 4476: BAY 80-6946, a highly selective and potent pan class I PI3K inhibitor induces tumor apoptosis in vitro and tumor regression in vivo in a sub-set of tumor models (2010)

Abstract We report on BAY 80-6946, a highly selective and potent pan class I PI3K inhibitor currently in Phase I clinical trials. The PI3K pathway is aberrantly activated in many tumors either by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, or by the genetic mutation and amplification of key pathway components. In biochemical assays BAY 80-6946 inhibits class I PI3K isoforms at sub- or low single digit nM IC50 values, while it is inactive against ∼240 protein/lipid kinases and receptors. This selective class I PI3K Inhibitor has a potent and distinct cellular response profile as compared to other PI3K inhibitors currently in early clinical development, such as the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 and the PI3K selective inhibitor GDC-0941. Among ∼140 tumor cell lines (covering 14 cancer indications) tested, BAY 80-6946 potently blocked the cell proliferation in ∼60 tumor cell lines with IC50 values of 1-100 nM. Mechanistically, BAY 80-6946 showed a robust activity inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT at both Thr308 and Ser473 (IC50&amp;lt;1 nM), as well as downstream phosphorylation of: PRAS40, 4E-BP1 and FOXOs (IC50&amp;lt;10 nM) in PIK3CA mutant tumor cells. This indicates that disruption of PI3K signaling is the key mechanism of action underlying the inhibition of tumor cell growth and survival by BAY 80-6946. More importantly, BAY 80-6946 induced strong apoptosis in a sub-set of PIK3CA mutant tumors (such as BT20 and BT474, &amp;gt; 3-fold caspase activation at the concentrations &amp;lt;100 nM). Although BEZ235 and GDC-0941 effectively inhibited the proliferation of these breast cancer cell lines (IC50 values ranging from 5 to 50 nM for BEZ-235 and from 300 to 2000 nM for GDC-0941), neither drug was capable of inducing significant apoptosis (&amp;gt; 3 fold caspase activation) at concentrations up to 10 μM at 72 hours. These results suggests that BAY 80-6946 significantly differs from BEZ235 and GDC-0941 with respect to induction of tumor cell apoptosis in selected breast cancer cell lines with PI3K mutations. In addition to the effects on tumor cells, BAY 80-6946 also exhibited potent anti-angiogenic properties by effectively blocking VEGF signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, BAY 80-6946 was highly efficacious in multiple tumor xenograft models of different histological types with PI3CA mutations or PTEN deletions. In the rat KPL-4 breast tumor model (PIK3CAH1047R and HER2O/E (protein levels)), treatment with BAY 80-6946 resulted in durable complete tumor regressions after Q2Dx5 i.v. dosing schedule. In conclusion, BAY 80-6946 is a promising, highly selective and potent class I PI3K inhibitor currently in phase I clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4476.