gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware-Compliant Compressive Image Sensor Architecture Based on Random Modulations and Permutations for Embedded Inference (2020)

This work presents a compact CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) architecture enabling embedded object recognition facilitated by a dedicated end-of-column Compressive Sensing (CS), reducing on-chip memory needs. Our sensing scheme is based on a combination of random modulations and permutations leading to an implementation with very limited hardware impacts. It is designed to meet both theoretical (i.e., stable embedding, measurements incoherence) and practical requirements (i.e., silicon footprint, power consumption). The only additional hardware compared to a standard CIS architecture using first order incremental Sigma-Delta (ΣA) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) are a pseudo-random data mixing circuit, an in-ΣA ±1 modulator and a small Digital Signal Processor (DSP). On the algorithmic side, three variants are presented to perform the inference on compressed measurements with a tunable complexity (i.e., onevs.-all SVM, hierarchical SVM and small ANN with 1-D maxpooling). An object recognition accuracy of ≃98.8% is reached on the COIL database (COIL, 100 classes) using our dedicated Neural Network classifier. We stress that the signal-independent dimensionality reduction performed by our dedicated CS scheme (1/480 in 480 × 640 VGA resolution case) allows to dramatically reduce memory requirements mainly related to the remotely learned coefficients used for the inference stage.
Upregulated extracellular matrix-related genes and impaired synaptic activity in dopaminergic and hippocampal neurons derived from Parkinson's disease patients with PINK1 and PARK2 mutations (2023)

<title>Abstract</title> Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Primary symptoms of PD arise with the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta, but it affects the hippocampus and cortex also, usually in its later stage. Approximately 15% of PD cases familial with a genetic mutation. Two of the most associated genes with autosomal recessive (AR) early-onset familial PD are PINK1 and PARK2. There is a need for in-vitro studies of these genetic mutations in order to understand the neurophysiological changes in patients' neurons that may contribute to neurodegeneration. In this work, we generated and differentiated DA and hippocampal neurons from iPSCs derived from two patients with a double mutation in their PINK1 and PARK2 (one homozygous and one heterozygous) genes and assessed their neurophysiology compared to two healthy controls. We showed that the synaptic activity of PD neurons generated from patients with the PINK1 and PARK2 mutations is impaired in the hippocampus and dopaminergic neurons. Mutant dopaminergic neurons had enhanced excitatory post-synaptic activity. In addition, DA neurons with the homozygous mutation of PINK1 exhibited more pronounced electrophysiological differences compared to the control neurons. Signaling network analysis of RNA sequencing results revealed that Focal adhesion and ECM receptor pathway were the top 2 upregulated pathways in the mutant PD neurons. These phenotypes are reversed to PD phenotypes of other mutations, suggesting that the interaction of the two mutations may yield different mechanisms of PD.
Steps to achieve quantitative measurements of microRNA using two step droplet digital PCR (2017)

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is being advocated as a reference method to measure rare genomic targets. It has consistently been proven to be more sensitive and direct at discerning copy numbers of DNA than other quantitative methods. However, one of the largest obstacles to measuring microRNA (miRNA) using ddPCR is that reverse transcription efficiency depends upon the target, meaning small RNA nucleotide composition directly effects primer specificity in a manner that prevents traditional quantitation optimization strategies. Additionally, the use of reagents that are optimized for miRNA measurements using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) appear to either cause false positive or false negative detection of certain targets when used with traditional ddPCR quantification methods. False readings are often related to using inadequate enzymes, primers and probes. Given that two-step miRNA quantification using ddPCR relies solely on reverse transcription and uses proprietary reagents previously optimized only for qRT-PCR, these barriers are substantial. Therefore, here we outline essential controls, optimization techniques, and an efficacy model to improve the quality of ddPCR miRNA measurements. We have applied two-step principles used for miRNA qRT-PCR measurements and leveraged the use of synthetic miRNA targets to evaluate ddPCR following cDNA synthesis with four different commercial kits. We have identified inefficiencies and limitations as well as proposed ways to circumvent identified obstacles. Lastly, we show that we can apply these criteria to a model system to confidently quantify miRNA copy number. Our measurement technique is a novel way to quantify specific miRNA copy number in a single sample, without using standard curves for individual experiments. Our methodology can be used for validation and control measurements, as well as a diagnostic technique that allows scientists, technicians, clinicians, and regulators to base miRNA measures on a single unit of measurement rather than a ratio of values.
Look who's talking to whom : mediating joint attention in multiparty communication and collaboration (1998)

During one of the many moments in the past four years that I had gotten out of my car to take a photograph of another stunningly beautiful natural landscape, I had just framed what felt like the perfect shot.It was so splendid, that I hesitated.What if I would take just one step further to the left?Might the picture be even better?Of course, I took that step.It was worse.I took another step.Worse still.Three days later, after having walked a full circle around the mountain I was trying to photograph, I returned to my starting position.And it was the best picture I had seen in the whole of the full circle.Although I had answered 360 questions, one for each degree in the circle, one question remained.What had I learned?I would like to thank all those who helped me complete the full circle presented in this book.First and foremost, I would like to thank my wife, Mirjam, who is even more beautiful from the inside than she is from the outside.Without her great support, I could never have poured so much energy into this project.Four years ago, at the start of this project, I stood by the deathbed of my former promotor, the late Ted White.I promised him then I would complete this book.It is dedicated to the loving memory of this wonderful man.Throughout those four years, Gerrit van der Veer has done a great job supervising my work as a highly intelligent coach, and as a walking encyclopedia of scientific methodology.Politics stood, as usual, in the way of Gerrit becoming my promotor.I therefore thank Boris Velichkovsky (a great inspirer) and Anton Nijholt for carrying out this task.I also thank Nancy and Dixon Cleveland, and the whole LC Technologies team, for their kind and exceptional support throughout this project.
IMACS: The Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph on Magellan-Baade (2011)

The Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) is a wide-field, multipurpose imaging spectrograph on the Magellan-Baade telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. IMACS has two channels—f/2 and f/4, each with an 8K × 8K pixel mosaic of CCD detectors, that service the widest range of capabilities of any major spectrograph. These include wide-field imaging at two scales, 0.20'' pixel-1 and 0.11'' pixel-1, single-object and multislit spectroscopy, integral-field spectroscopy with two 5'' × 7'' areas sampled at 0.20'' pixel-1 (Durham IFU), a multiobject echelle (MOE) capable of N ∼ 10 simultaneous full-wavelength R ≈ 20,000 spectra, the Maryland-Magellan Tunable Filter (MMTF), and an image-slicing reformatter for dense-pack multislit work (GISMO). Spectral resolutions of 8 < R < 5000 are available through a combination of prisms, grisms, and gratings, and most modes are instantly available in any given IMACS configuration. IMACS has a spectroscopic efficiency over 50% in f/2 multislit mode (instrument only) and, by the AΩ figure of merit (telescope primary surface area times instrument field of view), IMACS scores 5.7 m2 deg2, compared with 3.1 for VIMOS on VLT3 and with 2.0 for DEIMOS on Keck2. IMACS is the most versatile, and—for wide-field optical spectroscopy—the most powerful spectrograph on the planet.
Fusion-Fission Hybrid Using a D-D Cylindrical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Driver (2012)

AbstractRecent progress in fusion development combined with the rebirth of nuclear fission power has regenerated interest in fusion-fission hybrid reactors. Such systems could be applied to both low power research reactors for use in University and industrial research assemblies and power reactors. However most attention has been directed at D-T fusion drivers using Tokamak, ICF or various alternate confinement systems like FRCs. However, the necessity to have large devices and breed tritium in the blanket complicates the concept. Here we propose the inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion approach since it offers the advantages of simple structural, high power density and a non-Maxwellian beam dominated plasma suited for burning advanced fuels to minimize tritium involvement. The cylindrical IEC allows a small compact unit which can be inserted into fuel element slots in the fission reactor core, thus providing a compact overall system and excellent neutronic coupling. The basic physics for the IEC has been demonstrated in small-scale laboratory experiments close to levels needed for driving a subcritical assembly for use in student teaching labs. However, for use in future high power hybrids significant scale-up in source strength is required. Scale up using an external ion source (e.g. a Helicon) so the background gas pressure is minimized in the reaction zone potentially offers a route to the required neutron source strength.
TNF in combination with interferon-gamma is cytotoxic to normal, untransformed mouse and rat embryo fibroblast-like cells. (1989)

The cytostatic and cytolytic effects of the combination of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on freshly isolated, untransformed and non-tumorigenic mouse embryo fibroblast-like (MEF) as well as rat embryo fibroblast-like (REF) cells are reported. Both TNF and IFN-gamma decreased the proliferation rate of REF cells, and prolonged treatment with the combination of TNF and IFN-gamma was cytolytic to the cells. IFN-gamma alone also inhibited the growth of MEF cells, an activity not shared by TNF, and was even cytolytic after treatment for more than one week. Growth inhibition as well as cytolysis of MEF cells by IFN-gamma was strongly enhanced by TNF. This is one of the few reports regarding the cytotoxic action of the combination of recombinant TNF and IFN-gamma on untransformed cells.
Supplementary Movie S4 from Plk1 Inhibitors and Abiraterone Synergistically Disrupt Mitosis and Kill Cancer Cells of Disparate Origin Independently of Androgen Receptor Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Identification of paired centromeres from sister chromatids&lt;/p&gt;
Suppression of cystine uptake by sulfasalazine inhibits proliferation of human mammary carcinoma cells. (2004)

The results suggest: (i) malignant progression of human mammary cancer may be associated with acquisition of xc- expression potentially leading to increased growth autonomy and drug resistance, (ii) xc- may act as a therapeutic target.
<title>Broadband microwave fiber optic links with linearized integrated optic modulators</title> (1994)

A universally accepted figure of merit for analog microwave transmission links is the spur-free dynamic range (SFDR), which is the ratio (usually expressed in dB) of the largest to smallest signal a link can transmit and receive without introducing any measurable distortion. This paper presents the result of a study of broadband, microwave fiber optic links that contain high- linearity integrated-optic modulators. This study focused on two distinct modulator forms, the dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and the linearized directional-coupler modulator. Computer simulations were performed to determine how the SFDR was affected by variations of modulator parameters. In addition, the dynamic range and noise figure of links that included preamplifiers were calculated. The results of the link analysis was that the linearized directional-coupler modulator provided the highest SFDR for a broadband microwave fiber optic link.
No Association between Vitamin D and Weight Gain: A Prospective, Population-Based Study (2022)

No association between vitamin D status and weight or waist gain at 5- and 10-year follow-up was found.
A simple method to disrupt and restore subunit interaction of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (2019)

Acyl-CoA:cholestereol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a two-fold dimer (homotetramer) and has two distinct dimerization domains. One domain is in an alpha-helical rich region near the cytoplasmic N-terminus. The other is proposed to be near the C-terminus where multiple transmembrane domains promote hydrophobic interactions between two ACAT1 subunits. The truncation of the ACAT1 N-terminal dimerization domain, Δ1-65, creates a dimer which is fully enzymatically active. It is currently not known how the C-terminal dimerization domain contributes to ACAT1 enzymatic activity. Here we describe a simple method that dissociates ACAT1 dimers through the addition of the non-ionic detergents Triton X-100 or octyl glucoside which disrupt the C-terminal dimerization domain. We also document the protocols for a method to exchange Triton X-100 with CHAPS to restore C-terminal dimerization of the ACAT1 protein, and an optimized liposomal assay to assess ACAT enzymatic activity. •This method can be applied to dissociate ACAT1 subunits by using Triton X-100 or octyl glucoside.•ACAT1 dimerization can be restored by exchanging Triton X-100 with CHAPS.•The liposomal ACAT activity assay conditions have been optimized.
Microsecond-Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma-Treated Mist for Inactivation of Escherichia coli <italic>In Vitro</italic> (2018)

In this paper, we demonstrate a plasma misting system capable of inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E.coli) in a 4 ft <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (approximately 100 L) volume with potential for future use in decontaminating fresh produce. Water droplets, with an average diameter of 5 μm, are generated via ultrasonic nebulizers and carried by compressed air. These micrometer-sized droplets flowthrough a set of three cylindrical, microsecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs). We observe the Coulombic fission of droplets up to a critical radius into submicrometer droplets (Sauter mean of approximately 0.3 μm), measured by a laser diffraction analyzer. E.coli, on agar plates, is inactivated by this mist in a time and flowrate-dependent manner. We hypothesize that the observed antimicrobial effect correlates with the concentration of submicrometer droplets. The observed formation of submicrometer droplets from this volumetric DBD is similar to the bursting of droplets observed with electrospray devices using corona discharges.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxometalate—Diphosphate Complexes. Part 6. Possible Intermediates in the Molybdate‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Pyrophosphate: Structure of Hexamolybdopyrophosphate [(O3POPO3)Mo6O18 (H2O)4]4‐. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Machine-learning structural and electronic properties of metal halide perovskites using a hierarchical convolutional neural network (2020)

Abstract The development of statistical tools based on machine learning (ML) and deep networks is actively sought for materials design problems. While structure-property relationships can be accurately determined using quantum mechanical methods, these first-principles calculations are computationally demanding, limiting their use in screening a large set of candidate structures. Herein, we use convolutional neural networks to develop a predictive model for the electronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) that have a billions-range materials design space. We show that a well-designed hierarchical ML approach has a higher fidelity in predicting properties of the MHPs compared to straight-forward methods. In this architecture, each neural network element has a designated role in the estimation process from predicting complex features of the perovskites such as lattice constant and octahedral till angle to narrowing down possible ranges for the values of interest. Using the hierarchical ML scheme, the obtained root-mean-square errors for the lattice constants, octahedral angle and bandgap for the MHPs are 0.01 Å, 5°, and 0.02 eV, respectively. Our study underscores the importance of a careful network design and a hierarchical approach to alleviate issues associated with imbalanced dataset distributions, which is invariably common in materials datasets.
Fueling connections between chemistry and biology (2015)

Chemical reactions create far-from-equilibrium materials by mastering self-assembly [Also see Report by Boekhoven et al. ]
Minimal Models of Glucose Disappearance: Lessons from the Labelled IVGTT (1991)

In this paper the domain of validity of the unlabelled and labelled minimal models of glucose disappearance is studied. Labelled intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in six normal subjects using 3-3H-glucose as the tracer. Insulin and unlabelled glucose data were analysed with the minimal model of glucose disappearance. The model provides estimates of glucose effectiveness (SG) and insulin sensitivity (SI) which measure the effects of glucose per se and insulin on both glucose production and disposal. Insulin and labelled glucose data were analysed with the labelled minimal model of tracer disappearance. Estimates of glucose effectiveness (SG*) and insulin sensitivity (SI*) which reflect disposal processes only were calculated. The results of the two minimal models suggest two areas of model error. Firstly, the relationships between labelled and unlabelled parameters contradict the theoretical expectation. Secondly, the time-course of hepatic glucose production is unrealistic. Possible sources of these inconsistencies are an inadequate description of the glucose and/or insulin effect upon hepatic glucose production, and the assumption that glucose kinetics are monocompartmental. The monocompartmental description of glucose kinetics may affect both model parameters and hepatic glucose production and this leads to a critical reexamination of the previously published validation studies in which the minimal model metabolic indices have been compared with the analogous indices measured during glucose clamp studies.
Cloning of a receptor for prostaglandin F2 alpha from the ovine corpus luteum. (1995)

A complementary DNA clone encoding a functional receptor for prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) has been isolated from an ovine large luteal cell complementary DNA library (prepared from day 10 mid-luteal phase RNA). This receptor, which has been designated FP, consists of 362 amino acids (M(r) = 40,982) and is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Radioligand binding studies with membranes prepared from transfected COS cells demonstrated specific 17-[3H]phenyl-trinor-PGF2 alpha binding that was displaced by prostanoids in the order of 17-phenyl-trinor-PGF2 alpha > PGF2 alpha > fluprostenol > PGD2 > PGE2 >> 8-epi PGF2 alpha. Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with RNA encoding the ovine FP receptor responded to 17-phenyl-trinor-PGF2 alpha with increased membrane chloride conductance in calcium-free medium. Northern blot analysis with RNA from day 10 corpus luteum showed a major band of approximately 6.1 kilobases. On day 14, when luteolysis usually starts, the abundance of this 6.1-kilobase band was variable between individual ewes, and on day 16, when luteolysis is underway, the message was uniformly less abundant. This variability appeared to correlate with circulating progesterone. Thus, when the progesterone level was high (days 10 and 14 depending on whether luteolysis had started), the amount of FP receptor message was high, whereas when the progesterone level was low or falling (day 16), the amount of FP receptor message decreased. We have cloned an ovine FP receptor whose expression confers appropriate functional activity in COS cells and Xenopus oocytes. Furthermore, the level of messenger RNA encoding the FP receptor is high in the midluteal phase ovine corpus luteum and decreases during luteolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(S‐acyl‐2‐thioethyl)esters of 2′,3′‐Dideoxyadenosine 5′‐ Monophosphate Are Potent Anti‐HIV Agents in Cell Culture. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ovarian Steroid Production in Vitro During Gonadal Regression in the Turkey. II. Changes Induced by Forced Molting1 (1991)

In the turkey, the onset of incubation behavior is associated with altered ovarian steroidogenesis, ovarian regression, decreased, LH secretion, and increased serum prolactin (Prl) levels. To clarify the relative contribution of circulating LH and Prl to the initiation of ovarian regression, laying hens were exposed for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days to a forced molting procedure (exposure to reduced day length of 6L:18D and removal of feed and water for the initial 3 days) that induces ovarian regression and decreased LH levels but does not increase Prl levels. On each of these days, hens were killed and granulosa and theca interna cells from the largest (F1) and fifth largest (F5) preovulatory follicles and total cells from the small white follicles (SWF) were incubated for 5 h in the presence or absence of ovine LH (oLH; 0-1,000 ng/ml). Force-molted hens exhibited diminished levels of circulating LH, Prl, progesterone (P), androgen (A), and estradiol (E) by Day 3 of treatment. Ovarian atresia began in F1 by the third day of treatment, and included F1 and F5 by the seventh day. No preovulatory follicles were present on the fourteenth day. With both F1 and F5 granulosa cells, production of P in the presence of oLH was initially enhanced (Day 3) and later absent (Day 7). In contrast, production of A by F5 theca interna cells in the presence of oLH was initially suppressed (Day 3) and then returned to pretreatment levels (Day 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Free Direct C—C and C—Heteroatom Bond Forming Reactions (2013)

Abstract Review: 152 refs.