gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays fabricated on SOI engineered-substrates (2022)

Arrays of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) are fabricated on a new type of engineered substrates with an epitaxial layer grown on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The SOI-based structure facilitates rapid die-level bump bonding of the GmAPD array to a CMOS readout integrated circuit (ROIC) followed by substrate removal to make a backilluminated image sensor. To fabricate the engineered substrate, a commercial substrate with a 70-nm-thick SOI layer is implanted with BF2 ions to create a p+-doped passivation layer on the light illumination surface. Subsequently, a lightly p-doped silicon layer on which the GmAPD will be fabricated is grown using a homoepitaxy process. This approach allows for the use of chip-level hybridization to CMOS, avoiding the high cost and demanding wafer flatness and smoothness requirements of wafer-scale 3D integration processes. The new process yields cleaner wafers and allows for tighter control of detector layer thickness compared to the previous process. GmAPDs fabricated on 5-μm-thick epitaxial silicon have over 70% photon detection efficiency (PDE) when 532 nm light is focused into the center 3 μm of the device with an oxide layer that remains after substrate removal. With an anti-reflective coating, the PDE can be improved.
Organic oxide/Al composite cathode in efficient polymer light-emitting diodes (2006)

This work presents the fabrication of efficient polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) by thermally evaporating a salt-free neutral organic-oxide buffer layer onto the surface of the electroluminescent film in a vacuum before the device cathode, made of Al—rather than the low work function metals, such as Ca or Ba—is deposited. The electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of phenyl-substituted poly(para-phenylene vinylene) copolymer-based PLEDs with an organic oxide/Al composite cathode, reaches 8.86cd∕A, which is markedly higher than those, 5.26cd∕A and 0.11cd∕A, of devices with Ca∕Al and Al cathodes, respectively. The device performance is improved by the formation of a specific organic oxide/Al complex at the cathode interface during the deposition of Al, facilitating the injection of electrons and eliminating the metal-induced quenching sites of luminescence in the EL layer near the recombination region.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Combining a PI3K Inhibitor with a PARP Inhibitor Provides an Effective Therapy for BRCA1-Related Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 71K, Standard Curve for the quantitation of NVP-BKM120 in tumor cell lysates. Counts were measured from the peaks of the total ion current for NVP-BKM-120, integrated using MultiQuant v2.0 software (AB/SCIEX). For the concentration curve data, BKM-120 was prepared at concentrations of 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 500 nM, 1 muM and 10 muM in 40% methanol&lt;/p&gt;
Stromal PDGF Receptors; Impact on Prognosis and Response to Treatment (2022)

Fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes are regulated by members of the PDGF family of growth factors. Through activation of the tyrosine kinase PDGF alpha- and beta-receptors, these growth factors stimulate proliferation and migration of target cells and regulate their contractile capacity. PDGF receptors play major roles during development as regulators of mesenchymal cells involved in paracrine instructive interactions with epithelial or endothelial cells. This chapter is focused on experimental and correlative studies which have explored the biological mechanisms and clinical significance of PDGF receptors in mesenchymal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Collectively these studies support the overall concept that the PDGF system are critical regulators of tumor growth, metastasis and drug efficacy. Furthermore, the independent expression of the two receptors, the inter-case variability and emerging explorative studies indicate potential for development of PDGFRs as biomarkers of clinical utility. Furthermore, PDGFR-beta-specific targeting remains a valid topic for future therapeutic studies that should be performed in selected patient populations.
Outcomes of lead extraction without subsequent device reimplantation (2016)

Fourteen per cent of patients who had device extraction did not undergo reimplantation mainly because they no longer met CIED indications. The high mortality in these patients is related to device complications and comorbid conditions, whereas mortality associated with arrhythmia is rare.
Plasma-enhanced atomic-layer deposition of active layers of nanolaminated (InOx)n(GaZnOy)m for thin-film transistors (2022)

Vertically nano-laminated InO x and GaZnO y semiconductors exhibited excellent controllability of electron carriers in TFTs via PEALD methods.
Inhibition of migration and invasion of LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells by cordycepin through inactivation of Akt (2012)

Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), a major bioactive compound of Cordyceps militaris, has many pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. In this study, the relationship between inhibition of cell motility and anti-invasive activity by cordycepin in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells was investigated. Within the concentration range that was not cytotoxic, cordycepin time-dependently inhibited cell motility and invasiveness of LNCaP cells. The inhibitory effects of cordycepin on cell invasiveness were associated with tightening of tight junctions (TJs), which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Immunoblotting indicated that cordycepin decreases levels of claudin proteins, which are major components of TJs that play a key role in control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Furthermore, cordycepin inhibited the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and simultaneously increased levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. These effects were related to inactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in LNCaP cells. These findings suggest that cordycepin inhibits the migration and invasion of LNCaP cells by downregulating the activity of TJs and MMPs, possibly in association with suppression of Akt activation.
New Progress of CO2 Laser Processing Techniquesfor Fused Silica Optics (2020)

摘要： 熔石英元件是一种典型的硬脆性且难加工的材料，在传统机械加工中的加工效率极低，并且加工过程中引入的机械弱化层，严重影响了熔石英元件在强冲击、高载荷、高能量环境下的使用寿命。和传统机械加工方法相比，CO2激光加工技术的优点在于可实现非接触式加工，并且去除精度高和去除效率高。尤其重要的是，CO2激光加工后的熔石英光学元件无表面/亚表面裂纹、划痕等缺陷，使得CO2激光加工技术在熔石英元件的加工中得到了重要且广泛的应用。因此，从熔石英元件的CO2激光加工理论、大口径器件CO2激光加工工艺、局部区域CO2激光损伤修复，以及表面微结构加工4个方面出发，对熔石英光学元件的CO2激光加工技术研究现状进行综述，重点分析了CO2激光加工技术在熔石英元件大口径器件/局部区域加工的工艺水平现状以及微结构加工的应用现状，并探讨了CO2激光加工过程中引入的负面效应以及仍需解决的问题，希望为推动CO2激光加工技术在熔石英元件加工的进一步应用提供参考。
Origin of plasma-induced surface roughening and ripple formation during plasma etching: The crucial role of ion reflection (2018)

Plasma-induced surface roughening and ripple formation has been studied based on Monte Carlo simulations of plasma-surface interactions and feature profile evolution during Si etching in Cl-based plasmas, with emphasis being placed on the role and effects of ion reflection from microstructural feature surfaces on incidence. The simulation model included the effects of Cl+ ion reflection (and/or its penetration into substrates) through calculating the momentum and energy conservation in successive two-body elastic collisions with substrate Si atoms every ion incidence. The “reflection coefficient ri” was then further introduced in the model (0 ≤ ri ≤ 1), representing the fraction of ions incident on surfaces with the reflection/penetration calculation scheme turned on. The coefficient ri is, in a sense, a measure of the reflection probability for impacts of an ion species onto Si surfaces relative to that for Cl+ impacts. Simulations for ion incidence angles of θi = 0°, 45°, and 75° onto substrate surfaces with incident energies in the range Ei = 20−500 eV showed that as ri is slightly decreased from unity, the roughness decreases substantially, and the ripple formation fades away: the roughness remains at the low level of stochastic roughening during etching for decreased ri ≤ ri* ≈ 0.95−0.75 (the critical ri* tends to be lower at higher Ei and θi) with no ripple structures at off-normal θi. This elucidates that the ion reflection is indispensable in surface roughening and rippling during plasma etching, and their degree relies significantly on the reflectivity of ions. Simulations further showed that at intermediate off-normal θi = 45°, the ripple wavelength increases significantly with decreasing ri, while the increase in amplitude is relatively less significant; thus, sawtooth-like ripple profiles pronounced for ri = 1 tend to be collapsed with decreasing ri. These effects of reduced ion reflection on plasma-induced surface roughening and ripple formation are discussed in terms of effectively enhanced smoothing due to neutral reactants, which competes with the roughening and rippling caused by ion bombardment.
Potassium Iodide Potentiates Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies (2017)

Rose bengal (RB) is a halogenated xanthene dye that has been used to mediate antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation for several years. While RB is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, it is largely inactive in killing Gram-negative bacteria. We have discovered that addition of the nontoxic salt potassium iodide (100 mM) potentiates green light (540-nm)-mediated killing by up to 6 extra logs with the Gram-negative bacteria <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, the Gram-positive bacterium methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and the fungal yeast <i>Candida albicans</i> The mechanism is proposed to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide anion to form peroxyiodide, which decomposes into radicals and, finally, forms hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. The effects of these different bactericidal species can be teased apart by comparing the levels of killing achieved in three different scenarios: (i) cells, RB, and KI are mixed together and then illuminated with green light; (ii) cells and RB are centrifuged, and then KI is added and the mixture is illuminated with green light; and (iii) RB and KI are illuminated with green light, and then cells are added after illumination with the light. We also showed that KI could potentiate RB photodynamic therapy in a mouse model of skin abrasions infected with bioluminescent <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.
Aperiodicities in the singer voice source. (1992)

Aperiodicities in the glottal source waveforms of singers were investigated. Fast, interactive signal processing tools were developed for investigating aperiodicity. The expected deviations at the instant of glottal closure were found, along with two other commonly occurring types of disturbance. Pulses of noisy disturbance near the moment of glottal opening were often observable in low male tones. It was hypothesized that this noise production is caused by local turbulence near the glottal source which is modulated by the source flow wave itself. Analysis results for several bass singers producing multiple vowels across the vocal range were consistent with the dependence of the turbulence modulation on frequency and tube diameter downstream from the source. Subharmonic generation, often called diplophonia and considered a vocal pathology, is quite common and natural in normal singer voices. Subharmonic generation was investigated in 20 singers, across four octaves, three vowels, and three dynamic levels. Each subject exhibited the presence of measurable subharmonics on at least one produced tone, with over one third of all produced tones containing a second subharmonic component.
Packet level video quality evaluation of extensive H.264/AVC and SVC transmission simulation (2011)

Abstract Video transmission over error prone channels as present in most of today’s communication channels, such as Mobile TV or some IPTV systems, is constantly subject to research. Simulation is an important instrument to evaluate performance of the overall video transmission system, but the multitude of parameters often requires large and time-consuming simulation sets. In this paper, we present a packet level mechanism for fast evaluation of error-prone H.264/AVC and SVC video transmission with application layer video quality metrics, such as PSNR. Our approach significantly reduces the overall simulation time by eliminating redundancy in the evaluation phase and utilizing the prediction structure of the video codec. The benefit of the presented packet level video quality evaluation is evaluated with an exemplary simulation setup of an IPTV service with link congestion.
Submillimeter-thick loop heat pipes fabricated using two-layer copper sheets for cooling electronic applications (2020)

A new submillimeter-thick loop heat pipe (LHP) fabricated using two copper sheets is proposed as a cooling solution for thermal management of electronics. The experimental investigation was conducted by measuring the temperature of each part of the surface of the thin LHPs for its heat input, to evaluate the heat transport characteristics of the LHPs discussed in this paper. Submillimeter LHPs with thicknesses of 0.6 and 0.4 mm were fabricated using chemical etching and diffusion bonding processes on two thin copper sheets. A design is exhibited that achieves efficient heat transfer under a variety of operating orientations with a thin LHP, by using a half-etching process on a thin copper sheet to form a grooved structure that generates capillary force. A thermal resistance of 0.09 K/W between the evaporator and the condenser is achieved at 5 W in the top heat orientation, using a nonwoven fabric consisting of copper fibers located inside the flow path of one of the copper sheets. Moreover, it is demonstrated that heat transport can be achieved up to a heat input amount of 7.5 W without orientation dependence for an ultrathin LHP of 0.4 mm thickness.
Social, Personality and Environmental Determinants of Smoking in Young Finnish Men (1987)

The study was based on 471 males, aged 19 to 20 years, who started their compulsory military service in three military bases in Southwest, Southeast and Northern Finland in February 1982. Of these subjects 48% smoked regularly and had smoked in the past three weeks. The correlation between the reported number of cigarettes smoked a day and serum thiocyanate was 0.60. Seventy-four per cent of the subjects whose best friend smoked, were current smokers compared with 24% of the others. Proportion of smokers was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among the 14 explanatory variables in the multivariate logistic analysis, family members' and friends' smoking, the place of residence, strenuousness of leisure-time physical activities, number of friends, rebelliousness, intelligence test score, and general pessimism were most strongly associated with the likelihood of being a current smoker. The model explained 87% of the smoking variance.
Magic Angle Spinning NMR Analysis of β[subscript 2]-Microglobulin Amyloid Fibrils in Two Distinct Morphologies (2010)

β[subscript 2]-Microglobulin (β[subscript 2]m) is the major structural component of amyloid fibrils deposited in a condition known as dialysis-related amyloidosis. Despite numerous studies that have elucidated important aspects of the fibril formation process in vitro, and a magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR study of the fibrils formed by a small peptide fragment, structural details of β[subscript 2]m fibrils formed by the full-length 99-residue protein are largely unknown. Here, we present a site-specific MAS NMR analysis of fibrils formed by the full-length β[subscript 2]m protein and compare spectra of fibrils prepared under two different conditions. Specifically, long straight (LS) fibrils are formed at pH 2.5, while a very different morphology denoted as worm-like (WL) fibrils is observed in preparations at pH 3.6. High-resolution MAS NMR spectra have allowed us to obtain [superscript 13]C and [superscript 15]N resonance assignments for 64 residues of β[subscript 2]m in LS fibrils, including part of the highly mobile N-terminus. Approximately 25 residues did not yield observable signals. Chemical shift analysis of the sequentially assigned residues indicates that these fibrils contain an extensive β-sheet core organized in a non-native manner, with a trans-P32 conformation. In contrast, WL fibrils exhibit more extensive dynamics and appear to have a smaller β-sheet core than LS fibrils, although both cores seem to share some common elements. Our results suggest that the distinct macroscopic morphological features observed for the two types of fibrils result from variations in structure and dynamics at the molecular level.
A Rare Case of Progressive Ptosis Caused by Lacrimal Gland Oncocytoma (2011)

The authors present a case of a healthy 61-year-old woman who presented with a 4-year history of progressive right upper eyelid ptosis. Excisional biopsy revealed malignant oncocytoma, an exceedingly rare tumor of the lacrimal gland.
Continual Learning Using World Models for Pseudo-Rehearsal (2019)

The utility of learning a dynamics/world model of the environment in reinforcement learning has been shown in a many ways. When using neural networks, however, these models suffer catastrophic forgetting when learned in a lifelong or continual fashion. Current solutions to the continual learning problem require experience to be segmented and labeled as discrete tasks, however, in continuous experience it is generally unclear what a sufficient segmentation of tasks would be. Here we propose a method to continually learn these internal world models through the interleaving of internally generated episodes of past experiences (i.e., pseudo-rehearsal). We show this method can sequentially learn unsupervised temporal prediction, without task labels, in a disparate set of Atari games. Empirically, this interleaving of the internally generated rollouts with the external environment's observations leads to a consistent reduction in temporal prediction loss compared to non-interleaved learning and is preserved over repeated random exposures to various tasks. Similarly, using a network distillation approach, we show that modern policy gradient based reinforcement learning algorithms can use this internal model to continually learn to optimize reward based on the world model's representation of the environment.
Consensus Statement from the International Radiosurgery Oncology Consortium for Kidney for Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma (2016)

Key methods for safe implementation and practice for stereotactic body radiotherapy kidney have been identified and may aid standardization of treatment delivery.
Toward Legless Locomotion Control (2006)

Motivated by an error-recovery locomotion problem, we propose a control technique for a complex mechanical system by decomposing the system dynamics into a collection of simplified models. The robot considered, The Rocking and Rolling Robot (RRRobot), is a high-centered round-bodied robot that locomotes on a plane by swinging its legs and rocking on its shell. We identify the elements contributing to locomotion through two steps: 1) decoupling the leg-body rotation dynamics from the body-plane contact kinematics, and 2) decoupling the body rotational dynamics into dynamics along each rotational axis. We show, using simulation, that such decoupling provides a good approximation to RRRobot's locomotion and use these models to find an approximate control solution for RRRobot: a mapping between planar translation and leg motions
Antibodies to influenza nucleoprotein cross-react with human hypocretin receptor 2 (2015)

The sleep disorder narcolepsy is linked to the HLA-DQB1*0602 haplotype and dysregulation of the hypocretin ligand-hypocretin receptor pathway. Narcolepsy was associated with Pandemrix vaccination (an adjuvanted, influenza pandemic vaccine) and also with infection by influenza virus during the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic. In contrast, very few cases were reported after Focetria vaccination (a differently manufactured adjuvanted influenza pandemic vaccine). We hypothesized that differences between these vaccines (which are derived from inactivated influenza viral proteins) explain the association of narcolepsy with Pandemrix-vaccinated subjects. A mimic peptide was identified from a surface-exposed region of influenza nucleoprotein A that shared protein residues in common with a fragment of the first extracellular domain of hypocretin receptor 2. A significant proportion of sera from HLA-DQB1*0602 haplotype-positive narcoleptic Finnish patients with a history of Pandemrix vaccination (vaccine-associated narcolepsy) contained antibodies to hypocretin receptor 2 compared to sera from nonnarcoleptic individuals with either 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic influenza infection or history of Focetria vaccination. Antibodies from vaccine-associated narcolepsy sera cross-reacted with both influenza nucleoprotein and hypocretin receptor 2, which was demonstrated by competitive binding using 21-mer peptide (containing the identified nucleoprotein mimic) and 55-mer recombinant peptide (first extracellular domain of hypocretin receptor 2) on cell lines expressing human hypocretin receptor 2. Mass spectrometry indicated that relative to Pandemrix, Focetria contained 72.7% less influenza nucleoprotein. In accord, no durable antibody responses to nucleoprotein were detected in sera from Focetria-vaccinated nonnarcoleptic subjects. Thus, differences in vaccine nucleoprotein content and respective immune response may explain the narcolepsy association with Pandemrix.
Molecular Genetics of Sporadic and Familial Renal Cell Carcinoma (2000)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs predominantly as a sporadic disease but has familial forms. Cytogenetic and DNA deletion analyses show that both sporadic and familial RCC tumors arise as the result of chromosomal deletions in the 3p13-p26 region. von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary, multifocal syndrome that includes, among several affected organs, multiple, bilateral renal cysts and RCC. Although the VHL disease gene maps to chromosome 3p25-p26, data indicate that the VHL and sporadic RCC disease genes are likely to be independent. The authors hypothesize that VHL disease manifestations are controlled by mutations in the VHL disease gene and that the onset of VHL-associated kidney cancer is due to a second mutation of the linked sporadic RCC gene.
Cultural Control of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Effects of Narrow-row Spacing and Row Direction (1986)

Journal Article Cultural Control of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Effects of Narrow-row Spacing and Row Direction Get access J. E. Slosser, J. E. Slosser Texas A&M University, Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Chillicothe-Vernon, P.O. Box 1658, Vernon, Texas 76384 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. J. Puterka, G. J. Puterka Texas A&M University, Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Chillicothe-Vernon, P.O. Box 1658, Vernon, Texas 76384 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. R. Price J. R. Price Texas A&M University, Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Chillicothe-Vernon, P.O. Box 1658, Vernon, Texas 76384 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 79, Issue 2, 1 April 1986, Pages 378–383, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/79.2.378 Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Received: 03 June 1985 Accepted: 03 December 1985 Published: 01 April 1986