gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium-Promoted Cascade Reactions of Isonitriles and 6-Iodo-N-propargylpyridones:  Synthesis of Mappicines, Camptothecins, and Homocamptothecins (2002)

Ambient-temperature reactions of electron-rich aryl isonitriles with substituted 6-iodo-N-propargylpyridones in the presence of silver carbonate and palladium acetate produce 11H-indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-9-ones in good to excellent yield. Experimental evidence suggests that the process occurs though organopalladium rather than radical intermediates. It is applied to synthesis analogues of mappicine and camptothecin, including the silatecans DB-67 and DB-91 (homo-DB-67).
Arg506Gln Factor V Mutation and Val34Leu Factor XIII Polymorphism in Finnish Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1999)

Our data do not support an aetiologic or disease-modifying role for the factor V mutation or factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism in IBD.
REDUCED ATLAS DATABASE AND ITS APPLICATION IN MULTI-ATLAS SEGMENTATION (2013)

To simplify the problem of atlas selection in multi-atlas segmentation, we define Minimum Reduced Atlas Database (MinRAD), and give an algorithm of selecting MinRAD. Furthermore, nine types of MinRAD model are proposed based different similarity measures and input images, and their performances on multiatlas segmentation are compared in two databases. Finally, we give some advice on how to select similarity measure and its threshold.
Lipid profile characterization of wastewaters from different origins (2013)

Lipids in wastewaters are potential raw material for renewable diesel, but may complicate biological treatment of wastewaters. The lipid composition of palm oil mill effluent (POME), chemithermomechanical pulp mill (CTMP) wastewater and municipal wastewater (MWW) was studied with a combination of thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Gravimetrically determined content of extracted lipids from the solids of POME and CTMP wastewater were 8.4 ± 1.2 g/L (19.6 ± 0.8% of dry weight) and 0.17-0.23 g/L (12.4-18.5%), respectively, while MWW contained 0.021 ± 0.002 g/L (9.3 ± 1.4%) of lipids. All lipid extracts contained mono-, di- and triacylglycerols (TAGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). In POME, lipids were mostly TAGs (11.5 ± 0.2 μmol/10 mg of lipid extract). In CTMP and MWW lipid composition was more diverse than in POME containing also sterol derivatives and fatty acid methyl esters and the main lipids were FFAs.
Performance of Spatial Division Multiplexing MIMO with Frequency Domain Packet Scheduling: From Theory to Practice (2008)

This paper addresses the performance of spatial division multiplexing (SDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques together with frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) in both theory and practice. We start with a theoretical analysis under some ideal assumptions to derive the performance bounds of SDM-FDPS. To facilitate the analysis, a unified SINR concept is utilized to make a fair comparison of MIMO schemes with different number of spatial streams. The effect of packet scheduling is included in the post-scheduling SINR distribution using an analytical model. Based on that, the performance bounds are obtained with a more realistic SINR to throughput mapping metric. The system-level performance of SDM-FDPS has been evaluated under practical constraints using detailed simulations based on the UTRAN long term evolution (LTE) downlink cellular system framework. The purpose is to investigate the impact of realistic factors on performance. Results confirm that the combination of SDM and FDPS can increase the spectral efficiency significantly, particularly in a micro-cell scenario, and up to 30%-60% gain is observed over 1times2 with FDPS depending on the traffic models considered. Finally, the more practical simulation results are compared against the theoretical performance bounds. A performance loss is seen in the simulations due to realistic coding/modulation, impact of frequency selectivity, signalling constraints, imperfect channel quality indicator (CQI), etc.
Serotype-specific role of antigen I/II in the initial steps of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by Streptococcus suis (2017)

Streptococcus suis is one of the most important post-weaning porcine bacterial pathogens worldwide. The serotypes 2 and 9 are often considered the most virulent and prevalent serotypes involved in swine infections, especially in Europe. However, knowledge of the bacterial factors involved in the first steps of the pathogenesis of the infection remains scarce. In several pathogenic streptococci, expression of multimodal adhesion proteins known as antigen I/II (AgI/II) have been linked with persistence in the upper respiratory tract and the oral cavity, as well as with bacterial dissemination. Herein, we report expression of these immunostimulatory factors by S. suis serotype 2 and 9 strains and that AgI/II-encoding genes are carried by integrative and conjugative elements. Using mutagenesis and different in vitro assays, we demonstrate that the contribution of AgI/II to the virulence of the serotype 2 strain used herein appears to be modest. In contrast, data demonstrate that the serotype 9 AgI/II participates in self-aggregation, induces salivary glycoprotein 340-related aggregation, contributes to biofilm formation and increased strain resistance to low pH, as well as in bacterial adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and epithelial cells. Moreover, the use of a porcine infection model revealed that AgI/II contributes to colonization of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Taken together, these findings suggest that surface exposed AgI/II likely play a key role in the first steps of the pathogenesis of the S. suis serotype 9 infection.
Impact of COVID‐19 infection and vaccination in pancreatobiliary IgG4‐related disease patients: An international multicenter study (2022)

While a low COVID-19 infection rate with no mortality was observed in pancreatobiliary IgG4-RD patients in the pre-vaccination period of COVID-19, infection rate has increased during the Omicron outbreak despite a high vaccination rate. No IgG4-RD exacerbation after COVID-19 infection or vaccination was observed.
Advances in quantum cryptography for optical networks (2005)

Manifestly quantum mechanical behavior has had tremendously important implications for the development of modern communications technology. In this talk we will review recent advances in quantum cryptography worldwide, their potential synergies with directions in optical networking and their impact on optical network research.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Severe Chronic Airflow Limitation: Comparison of Hypercapnic and Eucapnic Patients (1989)

The mechanism of sustained awake hypercapnia in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is unknown. Recent work has implicated coexisting chronic airflow limitation (CAL) as an important contributing factor. We approached this question by studying consecutive patients with both OSA syndrome and severe CAL in detail and comparing those with and without retention of CO2 while awake. Of 28 patients with both severe OSA (mean NREM apnea index = 48 +/- 9, SEM) and severe CAL (mean FEV1 = 1.07 +/- 0.07 L), 14 had persistent awake hypercapnia (mean PaCO2 = 50 +/- 1 mm Hg), and 14 were normocapnic (mean PaCO2 = 40 +/- 1 mm Hg). When separated according to their PaCO2 level, there was no difference in the apnea indices in both non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, or rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, although the hypercapnic group had lower average levels of oxyhemoglobin saturation in both NREM (SaO2 = 77 +/- 2% versus 85 +/- 3%, p less than 0.05) and REM (SaO2 = 60 +/- 4% versus 82 +/- 3%, p less than 0.001) sleep. The mean values for FEV1, VC, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity for CO measured while awake did not differ. The hypercapnic group had lower awake PaO2 levels (p less than 0.001), were heavier (p less than 0.05), had narrower upper airway size on CT scan measurements (p less than 0.01), and gave a history of much heavier alcohol intake (p less than 0.05). Our results demonstrate that some patients with severe OSA and severe CAL can maintain normal awake arterial CO2 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Comprehensive Anesthesia Protocol That Emphasizes Peripheral Nerve Blockade for Total Knee and Total Hip Arthroplasty (2005)

Hebl, James R. MD; Kopp, Sandra L. MD; Ali, Mir H. MD, PHD; Horlocker, Terese T. MD; Dilger, John A. MD; Lennon, Robert L. DO; Williams, Brent A. MS; Hanssen, Arlen D. MD; Pagnano, Mark W. MD Author Information
Prebreakdown and breakdown effects in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (1998)

Prebreakdown and breakdown effects under high electric fields in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors were studied. In the subthreshold regime, at large drain-to-source voltages (&amp;gt;80 V), along with the gate leakage current, a significant source current was measured. For a wide range of gate-to-source bias voltages in OFF and ON regimes, the breakdown voltage was limited by a rapid buildup of the source current, rather than a process dominated by gate leakage.
Study of an upper arm exoskeleton for gravity balancing and minimization of transmitted forces (2011)

An upper-arm wearable exoskeleton has been designed for the assistance and functional training of humans. One of the goals of this design is to provide passive assistance to a user by gravity balancing, while keeping the transmitted forces to the shoulder joints at a minimum. Consistent with this goal, this paper discusses: analytical gravity balancing design conditions for the structure of the exoskeleton; a possible implementation of these conditions into practical designs; the minimization of transmitted joint forces to the shoulder while satisfying the gravity balancing conditions; the numerical optimization of the system for gravity balancing and minimization of transmitted forces; and the effect of parameter variation on joint moments and joint forces via numerical optimization. An implementation of the design was undertaken using zero-free-length springs. The design idea presented in this paper may be useful in relieving the actuators effort of exoskeletons to support the weight of the arm and therefore the possibility of using small actuators and making the system light and portable or even a stand-alone passive support device can be developed based on these gravity balancing conditions.
Microbubble signal classification using normalized singular spectrum area based filtering methods (2017)

Targeted ultrasound contrast agents, comprising shell stabilized gas filled microbubbles (MBs), can be used to detect molecular markers of disease present on the vascular endothelium. Current MB imaging techniques exploit the nonlinear echo response of microbubbles to provide signal contrast with respect to adjacent tissue signal. However, these methods are hampered by false positive artifacts arising from nonlinear signals from strongly reflecting tissue interfaces. In this study, we demonstrate an image processing method that utilizes normalized singular spectrum area (NSSA) to distinguish adherent and non-adherent MB signals from static tissue signals with high specificity.
Mechanism in Conformational Change of Group II Chaperonin (2009)

Previous studies have shown that ATP drives the conformational change of the group II chaperonin from the open‐lid, substrate binding conformation to the closed‐lid conformation. However, the detailed mechanism of the conformation change is still unknown. To elucidate this issue, we examined the effects of existence of conformational change‐deficient mutant (G65C), ATP hydrolysis‐deficient mutant (D64A/D393A) or helical protrusion‐deleted mutant (Δhelical, Δ245‐276) in the defined ordered fashion on the function of Thermococcus chaperonin complexes. Chaperonin complexes containing G65C or D64A/D393A alternately with wild type exhibit almost same refolding ability with the wild type complex. On the contrary, chaperonin complexes containing Δhelical could not fold denatured proteins. Interestingly, they also exhibited ATP‐dependent conformation change. Their conformation change is likely to be transient because they capture denatured protein even in the presence of ATP whereas addition of ATP impaired the ability of the wild type chaperonin to protect citrate synthase. These results suggest that ATP binding/hydrolysis induces the conformational change to the closed conformation, and its conformation is stabilized by the interaction between helical protrusions.
Advantage of the use of an added driver source lead in discrete Power MOSFETs (2014)

Among all the semiconductor devices, the transistors are by far the most important ones; almost all of them are three pin devices (MOSFET, BJT, IGBT) and on the contrary of the diodes they have a driving section which makes them more sensitive to issues related to the interaction between power to handle and input signal. Aim of the article is to illustrate the limitation that is related to a 3 pin device and depict the advantage of using a fourth driving source pin also known as Kelvin source besides the traditional power source. In a 3 pin device during every switching cycle, the stray inductance of the source wire bonding coupled together with the slope of the current being interrupted is generating a voltage signal always opposed to the driving signal Vgs. The effect of such opposing signal is to slow down the switching cycle and in turn to increase the cycle by cycle switching losses. The effect of such fourth driving source pin solution is the reduction of the overall power losses in the transistor which turns into a lower operation temperature.
Analysis and improvement of performance of MC-CDMAsystem with nonlinear amplifier (1998)

A multicode CDMA system with nonlinear amplifier is analysed for uncoded BER and a simulation carried out to evaluate the coded BER performance. The adaptive predistorter is shown to significantly reduce the nonlinear effect of the amplifier.
Maximizing Wireless Power Transfer to Intraocular Implants Under Unconstrained Eye Movements (2021)

Inductive wireless power transfer empowers microelectronic systems to be implanted in spatially constrained anatomic areas. Due to the need to deliver therapeutic or diagnostic function to sensitive areas, such as the eye, batteries become impractical for reasons of thermal and mechanical safety. In this paper we discuss the requirements and optimization techniques to power an intraocular implant through an inductive coil in the surface of the eye, particularly in the case of a retinal prosthesis. We design and characterize transmitting and receiving inductive coils. Subsequently, through the use of a custom 3D printed mechanical test frame, we characterize the power transfer efficiency at the appropriate geometric parameters. Furthermore, the effect of misalignment, axial displacement, and rotation due to eye movements on power transfer efficiency are quantified in air and through a fragment of animal tissue. These results can be used to model and mitigate movement related power fluctuations.
Bubbles trapped on the surface of kidney stones as a cause of the twinkling artifact in ultrasound imaging (2013)

A twinkling artifact (TA) associated with urinary calculi has been described as rapidly changing colors on Doppler ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of TA. Doppler processing was performed on raw per channel radio-frequency data collected when imaging human kidney stones in degassed water. Suppression of twinkling by an ensemble of computer generated replicas of a single received signal demonstrated that the TA arises from variability among the acoustic signals and not from electronic signal processing. This variability was found to be random in nature, and its suppression by elevated static pressure, and its return when the pressure was released, suggests that the presence of surface bubbles on the stone is the mechanism that gives rise to the TA. Submicron size bubbles are often trapped in crevices on solid objects, but the presence of these bubbles in vivo is unexpected. To further check this mechanism under conditions identical to in vivo, stone-producing porcine kidneys were harvested en bloc with a ligated ureter and then placed into a pressure chamber and imaged at elevated atmospheric pressure. The result was similar to in vitro. [Work supported by NIH DK43881, DK092197, RFBR, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58.]
Protein S Down-Regulates Factor VIIIa by Competing with Factor IXa. (2006)

Abstract Factor VIII functions as a cofactor in the factor Xase complex responsible for phospholipid surface-dependent conversion of factor X to factor Xa by factor IXa. Factor VIIIa, activated form by thrombin and factor Xa, is down regulated by activated protein C (APC), and the reaction is enhanced by the presence of protein S, a cofactor for APC. It was previously reported that protein S inactivated directly factor Xa or factor Va, however, the direct regulation of factor VIII by protein S remains to be investigated. In the present study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assay showed that factor VIII bound directly to immobilized protein S (Kd; 70 nM). The isolated A2 and A3 domains also bound to protein S with similar modest affinity (Kd; 15 and 17 nM, respectively), whilst the isolated A1 and C2 domains failed to bind, suggesting the presence of protein S-binding sites within the A2 and A3 domain. Since it is known that factor IXa also interacts with the A2 and A3 domains in factor VIII, we examined the inhibitory effect of factor IXa on the factor VIII and protein S interaction in a SPR-based assay. Active-site modified (EGR−) factor IXa competitively inhibited the binding of protein S to both the A2 and A3-C1-C2 domains dose-dependently. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis using an anti-A1 monoclonal antibody revealed that Arg336 cleavage in factor VIII by factor IXa in the presence of protein S was slower with an ~1.8-fold lower cleavage rate than that in its absence, supporting that protein S competed the factor IXa interaction with factor VIII. Of interest, the reaction with protein S to factor VIII inhibited the generation of factor Xa dose-dependently in a factor Xa generation assay (IC50; 150 nM). The Km value for factor X obtained with factor Xase complex in the presence of physiological concentration of protein S was 19 nM, which was ~2-fold lower than that in its absence (45 nM). Whilst, the Km value for factor IXa in the presence of protein S was greater than 100 nM, which was ~5000-fold higher than that in its absence (21 pM). We demonstrate that protein S not only contributes to down-regulate factor VIIIa activity as a cofactor for APC, but also impairs the factor Xase complex by competing the binding of factor IXa to factor VIII.
Yaps: Python Frontend to Stan (2018)

Stan is a popular probabilistic programming language with a self-contained syntax and semantics that is close to graphical models. Unfortunately, existing embeddings of Stan in Python use multi-line strings. That approach forces users to switch between two different language styles, with no support for syntax highlighting or simple error reporting within the Stan code. This paper tackles the question of whether Stan could use Python syntax while retaining its self-contained semantics. The answer is yes, that can be accomplished by reinterpreting the Python syntax. This paper introduces Yaps, a new frontend to Stan based on reinterpreted Python. We tested Yaps on over a thousand Stan models and made it available open-source.
Study of a Novel Isotropic Suspension Design for an Angular Gyroscope (2001)

This paper describes the analysis of a novel isotropic suspension designed for use in a Micro Electro Mechani-cal System (MEMS) z-axis angular gyroscope. The sus-pension, consisting of six concentric interconnected rings rigidly attached to an anchored frame, supports a res-onating proof mass whose line of oscillation precesses in the presence of rotation induced Coriolis force. The pa-per demonstrates that the studied suspension is robust to quadrature errors and minimizes structural energy losses. Using a strain energy method, a closed form so-lution for the effective stiffness is developed, which is confirmed using finite element modeling. A parametric analysis is used to verify the necessity of thick structural layers in the fabrication of the suspension in order to separate desirable and undesirable modes of vibration.
Hybrid network architectures: A framework for comparative analysis (1995)

The Global Information Infrastructure of the future will include a great variety of heterogeneous, seamlessly interconnected networks. There are strong variety of heterogeneous, seamlessly interconnected networks. There are strong technical and economic reasons predicating the emergence of these hybrid networks which will include many diverse terrestrial (tethered or wireless) and satellite networks in an interoperating configuration. This paper critically analyzes the basis for these new architectures and examines the various possibilities that will emerge in various phases in the future. A summary view is presented for these emerging hybrid architectures, the alternative components and subsystems available and the trade‐offs that must be considered. The role of satellites is carefully analyzed and several conclusions are drawn. This paper will present a summary of the work and views of the Center for Satellite and Hybrid Communication Networks to date, in this important area. Specific design and performance evaluation tools being developed will also be described.
A Sensitive and Specific Quantitation Method for Determination of Serum Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C by Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (2013)

Biomarkers are becoming increasingly more important in clinical decision-making, as well as basic science. Diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) is largely driven by detecting cardiac-specific proteins in patients' serum or plasma as an indicator of myocardial injury. Having recently shown that cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is detectable in the serum after MI, we have proposed it as a potential biomarker for MI. Biomarkers are typically detected by traditional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, this technique requires a large sample volume, has a small dynamic range, and can measure only one protein at a time. Here we show a multiplex immunoassay in which three cardiac proteins can be measured simultaneously with high sensitivity. Measuring cMyBP-C in uniplex or together with creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin I showed comparable sensitivity. This technique uses the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) method of multiplexing in a 96-well plate combined with electrochemiluminescence for detection. While only small sample volumes are required, high sensitivity and a large dynamic range are achieved. Using this technique, we measured cMyBP-C, creatine kinase MB, and cardiac troponin I levels in serum samples from 16 subjects with MI and compared the results with 16 control subjects. We were able to detect all three markers in these samples and found all three biomarkers to be increased after MI. This technique is, therefore, suitable for the sensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers in serum samples.