gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Cross-Lingual Entity Linking (2018)

A major challenge in Entity Linking (EL) is making effective use of contextual information to disambiguate mentions to Wikipedia that might refer to different entities in different contexts. The problem exacerbates with cross-lingual EL which involves linking mentions written in non-English documents to entries in the English Wikipedia: to compare textual clues across languages we need to compute similarity between textual fragments across languages. In this paper, we propose a neural EL model that trains fine-grained similarities and dissimilarities between the query and candidate document from multiple perspectives, combined with convolution and tensor networks. Further, we show that this English-trained system can be applied, in zero-shot learning, to other languages by making surprisingly effective use of multi-lingual embeddings. The proposed system has strong empirical evidence yielding state-of-the-art results in English as well as cross-lingual: Spanish and Chinese TAC 2015 datasets.
Stratification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by signaling pathway analysis (2014)

Investigation of cell signaling pathways in 16 clear cell renal cell carcinomas to identify groups based on commonly shared phosphorylation-driven signaling networks. Using laser capture microdissection and reverse-phase protein arrays, we profiled 75 key nodes spanning signaling pathways important in tumorigenesis. Analysis revealed significantly different (P < 0.05) signaling levels for 27 nodes between two groups of samples, designated A (4 samples; high EGFR, RET, and RASGFR1 levels, converging to activate AKT/mTOR) and B (12 samples; high ERK1/2 and STAT phosphorylation). Group B was further partitioned into groups C (7 samples; elevated expression of LC3B) and D (5 samples; activation of Src and STAT). Network analysis indicated that group A was characterized by signaling pathways related to cell cycle and proliferation, and group B by pathways related to cell death and survival. Homogeneous clear cell renal cell carcinomas could be stratified into at least two major functional groups.
Photoinduced Self-Epitaxial Crystal Growth of a Diarylethene Derivative with Antireflection Moth-Eye and Superhydrophobic Lotus Effects (2013)

We identified the mechanism of the formation of needle-shaped microcrystals on which the contact angle of a water droplet exceeds 170° [Nishikawa, N. et al. Langmuir, 2012, 28, 17817-17824]. The standing needle-shaped crystal of the closed-ring isomer of a diarylethene 3c grew at a much lower temperature than the eutectic temperature by irradiation of UV light on the thin films of the open-ring isomer 3o, due to the epitaxial growth of the 013 plane of 3c over the 110 plane of the crystal lattice of 3o in the subphase. Therefore, the new crystal-growth mechanism triggered by the photoisomerization does not require special inorganic single-crystal substrates and may be called self-epitaxial crystal growth. The needle-shaped crystals appeared well-ordered and stood inclined at an angle of about 60° to the surface. Consequently, the photo-induced rough surface shows not only the superhydrophobic lotus effect, but also the antireflection moth-eye effect, and these effects were switchable by alternate irradiation with UV and visible light.
Reconfigurable virtual electrowetting channels (2011)

Lab-on-a-chip systems rely on several microfluidic paradigms. The first uses a fixed layout of continuous microfluidic channels. Such lab-on-a-chip systems are almost always application specific and far from a true "laboratory." The second involves electrowetting droplet movement (digital microfluidics), and allows two-dimensional computer control of fluidic transport and mixing. The merging of the two paradigms in the form of programmable electrowetting channels takes advantage of both the "continuous" functionality of rigid channels based on which a large number of applications have been developed to date and the "programmable" functionality of digital microfluidics that permits electrical control of on-chip functions. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time programmable formation of virtual microfluidic channels and their continuous operation with pressure driven flows using an electrowetting platform. Experimental, theoretical, and numerical analyses of virtual channel formation with biologically relevant electrolyte solutions and electrically-programmable reconfiguration are presented. We demonstrate that the "wall-less" virtual channels can be formed reliably and rapidly, with propagation rates of 3.5-3.8 mm s(-1). Pressure driven transport in these virtual channels at flow rates up to 100 μL min(-1) is achievable without distortion of the channel shape. We further demonstrate that these virtual channels can be switched on-demand between multiple inputs and outputs. Ultimately, we envision a platform that would provide rapid prototyping of microfluidic concepts and would be capable of a vast library of functions and benefitting applications from clinical diagnostics in resource-limited environments to rapid system prototyping to high throughput pharmaceutical applications.
Overloaded multiuser MISO transmission with imperfect CSIT (2016)

A required feature for the next generation of wireless communication networks will be the capability to serve simultaneously a large number of devices with heterogeneous CSIT qualities and demands. In this paper, we consider the overloaded MISO BC with two groups of CSIT qualities. We propose a transmission scheme where degraded symbols are superimposed on top of spatially-multiplexed symbols. The developed strategy allows to serve all users in a non-orthogonal manner and the analysis shows an enhanced performance compared to existing schemes. Moreover, optimality in a DoF sense is shown. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mutual Interaction Between Liner Film Cooling and Combustor Swirl Flow (2017)

In the continuous demand of increasing cooling efficiency for novel combustor liners, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the interaction of hot gases with coolant flows. The aim of the present study is the experimental characterization of the flow field and the measurement of liner heat transfer coefficient in a combustion chamber model equipped with an axial swirler and a liner slot cooling scheme. The test rig geometry consists in a linear three sector chamber fed by an open loop blower. The system is operated at isothermal conditions. A highly swirled main stream flow is achieved by considering an injector geometries that produce flow structures which interact with film cooling flow delivered by a simplified slot at the inner wall of the liner. To study the effects of this mutual interaction, the flow field and the liner heat transfer are investigated at different slot cooling and injector flow rates. A 2D PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique is employed to investigate the test section flow field on two different planes. An experimental campaign focused on liner heat transfer measurement is carried out using a TLC (Thermochromic Liquid Crystals) steady state technique with a thin Inconel heating foil fed by two copper bus bars. Results obtained indicate an appreciable role of film cooling flow on both swirler aerodynamics and the liner heat transfer coefficient. When the slot cooling flow rate is increased, the observed peak of heat transfer coefficient, due to liner-swirl flow interaction, gradually reduces. This is a consequence of a reduction in swirling jet expansion when slot cooling is increased, which also affects the amount of flow recirculation due to vortex breakdown.
Overcoming the Diffraction Limit in Wave Physics Using a Time-Reversal Mirror and a Novel Acoustic Sink (2002)

In recent years, time-reversal (TR) mirrors have been developed that create TR waves for ultrasonic transient fields propagating through complex media. A TR wave back propagates and refocuses exactly at its initial source. However, because of diffraction, even if the source is pointlike the wave refocuses on a spot size that cannot be smaller than half a wavelength. Here, by using a TR interpretation of this limit, we show that this latter limitation can be overcome if the source is replaced by its TR image. This new device acts as an acoustic sink that absorbs the TR wave. Here we report the first experimental result obtained with an acoustic sink where a focal spot size of less than 1/14th of one wavelength is recorded.
Nonlinear Multisystem Physiological Dysregulation Associated With Frailty in Older Women: Implications for Etiology and Treatment (2009)

Overall, these findings indicate that the likelihood of frailty increases nonlinearly in relationship to the number of physiological systems abnormal, and the number of abnormal systems is more predictive than the individual abnormal system. These findings support theories that aggregate loss of complexity, with aging, in physiological systems is an important cause of frailty. Implications are that a threshold loss of complexity, as indicated by number of systems abnormal, may undermine homeostatic adaptive capacity, leading to the development of frailty and its associated risk for subsequent adverse outcomes. It further suggests that replacement of any one deficient system may not be sufficient to prevent or ameliorate frailty.
Leading Approaches to Vascularize Kidney Constructs in Tissue Engineering (2022)

There is an unprecedented need for new treatments for renal failure, as the incidence of this disease is increasing disproportionately to advancements in therapies. Current treatments are limited by the availability of viable organs, for which there is a worldwide lack. These treatment modalities also require a substantial amount of infrastructure, significantly limiting the access to care in most countries. Kidney tissue engineering approaches promise to develop alternative solutions that address many of the inadequacies in current care. Although many advancements have been made—primarily in the past decade—in biofabrication and whole-organ tissue engineering, many challenges remain. One major hindrance to the progress of current tissue engineering approaches is establishing successful vascularization of developed engineered tissue constructs. This review focuses on the recent advancements that address the vascular challenge, including the biofabrication of vasculature, whole-organ engineering through decellularization and recellularization approaches, microscale organogenesis, and vascularization using organoids in the context of kidney tissue engineering. We also highlight the specific challenges that remain in developing successful strategies capable of clinical translation.
Design of a Tool for Rapid Prototyping of Communication Protocols (1995)

We present a new tool for automatically generating prototypes of communication protocols on a wide variety of platforms. Our goal is to reduce design time, enhance portability, and accommodate optimizations automatically. Users of the tool are required to provide an abstract implementation of the protocol in C++ without worrying about the underlying operating system specific system calls. Instead, the user employs high-level interface functions provided by the tool to interact with the underlying operating system. Users also need not worry about complex packet formats that involve fields of various bit and byte lengths. Instead, they use simple C/C++ struct declarations to describe the packets and provide mapping rules in the form of Extended Regular Expressions to the tool. The tool uses these rules to convert between the network format and the user defined format. Experience with TFTP and SMTP prototypes indicate that the performance achieved is almost comparable to that of the standard BSD implementations; at the same time the code size requirements of the abstract implementation is roughly 3 times less than the BSD implementation.
Nickel@Siloxene catalytic nanosheets for high-performance CO2 methanation (2019)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are of considerable interest for catalyzing the heterogeneous conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to synthetic fuels. In this regard, 2D siloxene nanosheets, have escaped thorough exploration, despite being composed of earth-abundant elements. Herein we demonstrate the remarkable catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of a nickel@siloxene nanocomposite; it is found that this promising catalytic performance is highly sensitive to the location of the nickel component, being on either the interior or the exterior of adjacent siloxene nanosheets. Control over the location of nickel is achieved by employing the terminal groups of siloxene and varying the solvent used during its nucleation and growth, which ultimately determines the distinct reaction intermediates and pathways for the catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> methanation. Significantly, a CO<sub>2</sub> methanation rate of 100 mmol g<sub>Ni</sub><sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> is achieved with over 90% selectivity when nickel resides specifically between the sheets of siloxene.
Tuning the metal-based redox potentials of manganese cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane complexes (2001)

A selection of 5-substituted salicylaldehydes have been reacted with cis,cis-triaminocyclohexane to prepare a series of tri-imine and tri-amine ligands; cyclic voltammetry has been used to show that the electronic effect of the substituent has a marked and systematic effect on the MnIII/MnIV and MnIII/MnII redox potentials of their manganese complexes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Arenes by Nickel‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Hydroarylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Aryl Boronates (2020)

Abstract A catalytic method for the site‐selective and enantioselective synthesis of functionalized arenes by the intermolecular hydroarylation of terminal and internal 1,3‐dienes with aryl pinacolato boronates is reported. The reactions are promoted by 5.0 mol % of a readily available monodentate phosphoramidite‐Ni complex in ethanol, affording a variety of enantioenriched products in up to 96 % yield and 99:1 er. Mechanistic studies indicate that Ni–allyl formation is irreversible and related to the nature of the arylboronate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nucleoside Phosphate and Phosphonate Prodrugs (2014)

Abstract Review: 390 refs.
Polyelectrolyte complex micelles by self-assembly of polypeptide-based triblock copolymer for doxorubicin delivery (2014)

Polyelectrolyte complex micelles were prepared by self-assembly of polypeptide-based triblock copolymer as a new drug carrier for cancer chemotherapy. The triblock copolymer, poly(l-aspartic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-aspartic acid) (PLD-b-PEG-b-PLD), spontaneously self-assembled with doxorubicin (DOX) via electrostatic interactions to form spherical micelles with a particle size of 60–80 nm (triblock ionomer complexes micelles, TBIC micelles). These micelles exhibited a high loading capacity of 70% (w/w) at a drug/polymer ratio of 0.5 at pH 7.0. They showed pH-responsive release patterns, with higher release at acidic pH than at physiological pH. Furthermore, DOX-loaded TBIC micelles exerted less cytotoxicity than free DOX in the A-549 human lung cancer cell line. Confocal microscopy in A-549 cells indicated that DOX-loaded TBIC micelles were transported into lysosomes via endocytosis. These micelles possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and showed sustained DOX release in rats. Overall, these findings indicate that PLD-b-PEG-b-PLD polypeptide micelles are a promising approach for anti-cancer drug delivery.
Nested Network Mobility on the Multihop Cellular Network (2007)

The multihop cellular network architecture has been actively studied due to its capability to significantly increase cellular system capacity and coverage, and at the same time greatly reduce the transmission range of mobile nodes. The majority of the literature on MCN, however, is based on discussions from the physical or link layer point of view. In this article we look at the logical MCN architecture from the IP layer aspect. We believe that this aspect is critical to general deployment of Internet applications on the MCN because IP is the dominant supporting protocol for such applications. We introduce a new architecture based on the integration of nested network mobility (nested NEMO), which is a pure IP layer architecture, and MCN. We name the resulting architecture nested NEMO on MCN. We illustrate how nested NEMO on MCN operates and how it realizes the advantages provided by MCN on the IP layer. We also unveil a potential problem specific to the nested NEMO on MCN architecture: recursive IP fragmentation. A simple technique to overcome this problem is proposed.
Commercialization of seizure prediction technology promises and pitfalls of biosignal analysis: seizure prediction and management (A case study) (2005)

This presentation will focus on the process of commercializing technology designed to predict/detect seizures. The author will present general design criteria for an implantable device used chronically by an individual with epilepsy to manage their seizures. He will also contrast the requirements of a commercial product with the sophisticated approaches of algorithm developers. Where an implantable product requires low power consumption, small size, and ease of use, the trends of algorithm developers is to make use of increasingly sophisticated. mathematical techniques and increasingly affordable, high speed, powerful desktop computers. A discussion of various design approaches will emphasize the trade offs which could be employed to accommodate important advances in algorithm development.
DIPG-01. TARGETING THE POLYAMINE PATHWAY AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT AGAINST DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA (2018)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive paediatric brainstem tumour, with a median survival below 1 year. Polyamines, frequently upregulated in cancer, are small intracellular polycations that control key biological processes including cell replication, translation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of polyamine pathway inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy against DIPG. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an FDA-approved inhibitor of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), a key driver of polyamine synthesis. By qPCR and western blotting, high expression levels of key players of the polyamine pathway were observed in a panel of DIPG samples. Using cytotoxicity and soft-agar clonogenic assays, we found that DFMO inhibited the proliferation of DIPG neurospheres. Treatment with the novel polyamine transport inhibitor, AMXT-1501 led to reduced uptake of the radiolabelled polyamine, spermidine, confirming polyamine transport inhibition in DIPG cells. Addition of AMXT-1501 to DFMO showed a potent and synergistic inhibition of DIPG neurosphere proliferation. Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-stained cells showed that treatment with DFMO or AMXT-1501, alone or in combination, led to apoptotic induction. Consistent with the in vitro results, the combination of DFMO and AMXT-1501 significantly prolonged the survival of all mice bearing DIPG orthografts with 6/9 mice surviving until the humane endpoint of 160 days, representing the most effective combination treatment we have tested to date in our highly aggressive DIPG animal model. AMXT-1501 is currently in clinical development and following completion of adult Phase 1 studies, a clinical trial for DIPG patients is planned.
Progress of the RAON (2017)

Construction of the RAON heavy ion accelerator facility is in-progress in Korea. The driver linac is a superconducting linac with 200 MeV/u for uranium beam and 400 kW beam power. Prototyping of major components and their tests are proceeding including superconducting cavities, superconducting magnets and cryomodules. December 2016, the RFQ accelerated oxygen beam. Status report of the RAON accelerator systems is presented.
Anodic Behavior Modeling of the C-276 Alloy in Chlorinated Media Simulating the Hydrothermal Conditions of Organic Waste Treatment (2005)

Experimental current–potential curves corrected from the contribution due to the medium oxidation are used to propose a dissolution–passivation model of the nickel base alloy C-276. This model is controlled by the major presence of nickel and shows a reaction chain mechanism with a bifurcation and two competitive determinant branches for the setup of the protection of the alloy. Considering a Langmuir-type adsorption, we formulate a current–potential law which leads, via a mathematical optimization calculation using Nelder's simplex, to the eight kinetics parameters involved in the five considered elementary steps. The respective influence of the different branches can be determined. It is used in association with the scanning electron microscopy profiles obtained at fixed potentials, to evaluate the limited reliability of the C-276 alloy as a plant reactor material for waste treatment under hydrothermal conditions, either sub- or supercritical oxidation. This evaluation relies on the comparison with the titanium T60 whose anodic behavior and performances have already been published. The determination of the kinetic parameters also underlines the role played by the oxygen source (H2O2) on the mechanism, a role partly hidden by strict observation of the current–potential experimental curves.
A review of emerging SEMI standards for particle scanners (2003)

A suite of SEMI standards is emerging with new specifications for the calibration of particle scanners used in the semiconductor industry. The four documents specify the characteristics required of PSL sphere depositions to be used for calibration, the manner in which capture rate is calculated, the method used for scanner calibration and a check for deposition system use. This paper overviews the background technology as well as the struggle of various industry segments as they worked out the key requirements of these documents.
Ibrutinib, obinutuzumab, and venetoclax in relapsed and untreated patients with mantle cell lymphoma: a phase 1/2 trial (2020)

Ibrutinib, obinutuzumab, and venetoclax demonstrate synergy in preclinical models of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). OAsIs (NCT02558816), a single-arm multicenter prospective phase 1/2 trial, aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of venetoclax in combination with fixed doses of ibrutinib and obinutuzumab, in relapsed MCL patients. At the venetoclax MTD, extension cohorts were opened for relapsed and untreated patients. Safety and efficacy were secondary objectives. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed by allele-specific oligonucleotide quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Between 14 October 2015 and 29 May 2018, 48 patients were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicity was reported, and venetoclax at 400 mg per day was chosen for extension. Eighteen (75%) relapsed and 8 (53%) untreated patients experienced grade 3/4 adverse events. The complete response rate assessed by positron emission tomography at the end of cycle 6 was 67% in relapsed and 86.6% in untreated patients. MRD clearance for evaluable patients was seen in 71.5% of relapsed (10/14 patients) and 100% of untreated MRD-evaluable patients (n = 12) at the end of 3 cycles. The median follow-up for relapsed patients was 17 months (range, 10-35 months). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 69.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.9%-91.4%) and 68.6% (95% CI, 49.5%-95.1%) for overall survival. The median follow-up was 14 months (range, 5-19) for untreated patients, the 1-year PFS was 93.3% (95% CI, 81.5%-100%). The combination of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax is well tolerated and provides high response rates, including at the molecular level, in relapsed and untreated MCL patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02558816.