gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of OsII‐based Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Influence of Heterocyclic Ancillaries (2013)

A series of Os(II) sensitizers (TFOS-x, in which x=1, 2, or 3) with a single 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-dipyridine (H2 dcbpy) anchor and two chelating 2-pyridyl (or 2-pyrimidyl) triazolate ancillaries was successfully prepared. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed that the core geometry of the Os(II) -based sensitizers consisted of one H2 dcbpy unit and two eclipsed cis-triazolate fragments; this was notably different from the Ru(II) -based counterparts, in which the azolate (both pyrazolate and triazolate) fragments are located at the mutual trans-positions. The basic properties were extensively probed by using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was then attempted by using the I(-) /I3 (-) -based electrolyte solution. One such DSC device, which utilized TFOS-2 as the sensitizer, showed promising performance characteristics with a short-circuit current density (JSC ) of 15.7 mA cm(-2) , an open-circuit voltage of 610 mV, a fill factor of 0.63, and a power conversion efficiency of 6.08 % under AM 1.5G simulated one-sun irradiation. Importantly, adequate incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency performances were observed for all TFOS derivatives over the wide spectral region of 450 to 950 nm, showing a panchromatic light harvesting capability that extended into the near-infrared regime. Our results underlined a feasible strategy for maximizing JSC and increasing the efficiency of DSCs.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 with figure legends from Differential Expression of Homing Receptor Ligands on Tumor-Associated Vasculature that Control CD8 Effector T-cell Entry (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1: LLC-OVA or MC-38-OVA tumors were harvested on day 14 (SC) or day 11 (IP). LLC-OVA tumors were flash frozen and stained for MadCAM-1 expression. Representative and summary data interrogating 8-10 random fields from single sections of 3 tumors each for the percent of CD31+ pixels that were MadCAM-1+. Percentages were calculated using ImageJ to define CD31+ pixels and quantitating those positive for MadCAM-1. MC-38-OVA tumors were digested and stained for flow cytometry. Summary data (n=2 tumors per group) for the percent of CD31+CD45+ cells that expressed E-Selectin. Statistical analysis performed using unpaired student's T-test. S2: B16-OVA tumors were harvested on day 21 (Lung) or day 13 (Brain) and dissociated and stained for fow cytometric analysis. Representative and summary data for expression of VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MadCAM-1 endothelial cells isolated from lung and brain tumors (n=4). Plots are gated on CD31+CD45- cells. S3: B16-OVA and B16-F1 tumors were harvested on day 14 (SC) or day 11 (IP) and flash frozen for immunofluorescence staining with anti-CD8. Summary data interrogating 5 random 200X fields from single sections of 2 tumors to assess the number of CD8 T-cells. Statistical analysis performed using unpaired student's T-test. 4: CD8 effector T-cells were generated using SIINFEKL pulsed BMDCs administered IV, IP, or SC as described in the legends to Figures 4 and 5. Freshly isolated ex vivo effectors were stained with the indicated antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Plots are gated on CD45+CD8+Thy1.1+ cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Correlation-Based Image Registration for Applications Using Pressure-Sensitive Paint (2005)

A new algorithm, named correlation-based image registration, was developed to improve the resolution of image registration for applications using pressure-sensitive paint. The local displacement vectors were obtained by finding the displacement that maximized the cross correlation between two interrogation windows obtained under wind-off and wind-on conditions. A layer of speckle was sprayed to apply the cross-correlation method in a small interrogation window, without requiring identification of control points as used in the conventional method. Recursive multigrid processing was employed to increase the nonlinear spatial resolution. Several interpolation methods for the image transformation procedure were evaluated: windowed-sine interpolation was the most accurate, and 4 × 4 cubic interpolation was the most efficient.
Analysis of Water Quality and Pumping Energy in a Small Water System (2001)

The Forest City (Pa.) water distribution system has a great deal of storage capacity relative to demand, which leads to long residence times in the storage tank with potential for deterioration in water quality. The existing pumps tend to run at relatively inefficient operating points. This paper describes analyses conducted using WaterCAD to reduce energy costs and improve water quality in the system.
Particle generation and thin film surface morphology in the tetraethylorthosilicate/oxygen plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process (2000)

Particle generation by gas-phase nucleation in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process and its effects on thin film surface morphology were studied experimentally for a conventional radio frequency plasma reactor using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) vapor and oxygen gases. The particles suspended in the plasma space and deposited on the film were observed simultaneously by in situ laser light scattering methods and an ex situ scanning electron microscopic method. The generated particles were trapped in the plasma/sheath boundary under all four experimental conditions, in which TEOS concentrations were 0.5 and 5.0 vol % and reactor pressures were 66.7 and 533.3 Pa (0.5 and 4.0 Torr). The size and amount of particles and the film morphology were found to depend on the TEOS concentration and the reactor pressure. Under the conditions in which highly concentrated particles were generated in plasma, dome-like structures of 50–400 nm in diameter were observed on the thin film surface. The average size of the dome-like structure was comparable to that of the particles generated in plasma.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Genomic Instability and Protumoral Inflammation Are Associated with Primary Resistance to Anti–PD-1 + Antiangiogenesis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene expression network analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Optical and Modeling Studies of Sodium/Halide Reactions for the Formation of Titanium and Boron Nanoparticles (1996)

This study focuses on the optical characterization of a method for the formation of nanoscale titanium and boron particles. This versatile method can also be used to form a variety of metals as well as ceramic powders such as TiB2. The gas-phase chemical process, given by (mn)Na + (n)MClm → (M)n + (mn)NaCl, should be generic to many metal chlorides or mixtures of metal chlorides. In this study, either TiCl4 or BCl3 is reacted with Na vapor in a counterflow diffusion flame reactor. After the Cl is stripped from the metal chloride by the Na vapor, nanosize Ti or B particles form and, under certain thermodynamic circumstances, become encased in NaCl, which helps to prevent agglomeration and postflame oxidation. The two-dimensional spatial distribution of Na2 has been optically interrogated using planar laser-induced fluorescence under various conditions to clarify the influence of concentration and transport on particle formation. Reactant concentration and time available for reaction were found to dramatically influence the reactive flow. Simulations using a counterflow diffusion flame model show that formation of TiB2 likely occurs by gas-phase clustering reactions involving both precursors. The model indicates that experimental results are consistent with the proposed chlorine abstraction mechanism with near-collisional reaction rates.
Synthesis of (R)-Dihydropyridones as Key Intermediates for an Efficient Access to Piperidine Alkaloids (2007)

The efficient transformation of D-glucal to (2R)-hydroxymethyldihydropyridinone 5 in seven steps and 35 % overall yield is reported. Dihydropyridone 5 constitutes a versatile chiral building block for the synthesis of various piperidine alkaloids. In this regard, 5 was converted to piperidinol 13 and piperidinone 15, that may be further elaborated for the syntheses of (+)-desoxoprosophylline (1) and deoxymannojirimycin (3) or D-mannolactam (4), respectively.
Integrated process development for grass biomass utilization through enzymatic saccharification and upgrading hydroxycinnamic acids via microbial funneling (2022)

In grass biomass, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) play crucial roles in the crosslinking of lignin and polysaccharides and can be easily extracted by mild alkaline pretreatment, albeit heterogeneously. Here, HCAs were extracted from bamboo and rice straw as model grass biomass with different HCAs composition, and microbial funneling was then conducted to produce 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) and (4S)-3-carboxymuconolactone (4S-3CML), promising building blocks for bio-based polymers, respectively. Pseudomonas putida PpY1100 engineered for efficient microbial funneling completely converted HCAs to PDC and 4S-3CML with high titers of 3.9-9.3 g/L and molar yields of 92-99%, respectively. The enzymatic saccharification efficiencies of lignocellulose after HCAs extraction were 29.5% in bamboo and 73.8% in rice straw, which are 8.9 and 6.8 times higher than in alkaline-untreated media, respectively. These results provide a green-like process for total valorization of grass biomass through enzymatic saccharification integrated with upgrading heterogeneous HCAs to a valuable single chemical via microbial funneling.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Their Chemistry, Functions, and Possible Uses (1985)

Abstract In December of last year the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology was awarded to the natural scientists N. K. Jerne, C. Milstein , and G. Köhler . These three immunologists have contributed fundamentally to our understanding of antibody synthesis by the individual immune cell. They confirmed the rule, established in the sixties, that only one antibody comes from each type of immune cell , thus giving it the status of a dogma. Jerne worked out the basic understanding of the great variety of antibodies, and his Jerne‐Plaque‐Test (1963) has enabled us to describe and analyze a single antibody‐producing immune cell in vitro. Thus, the study of immune cell interaction and the cooperation of lymphocyte subpopulations, which leads to the formation of antibodies, received decisive impulses and important methodological prerequisites. In 1975 Köhler and Milstein succeeded in permanently stabilizing, i.e., immortalizing , the antibody production of an already immunologically specifically primed mortal immune cell by means of cell fusion ( hybridization ) with an immortal, cancerous immune cell (myeloma cell). The hybrid cell and the hybrid cell clone grown from it in cell culture produced a homogeneous antibody, having the desired constant binding specificity, in a practically unlimited fashion and independently of an animal organism, a monoclonal antibody . This scientific breakthrough was the beginning of a tremendously stimulating new biotechnological development, which very quickly spread to laboratories in diverse fields and which today enables us to take up, and in part even solve, scientific, technical, and medical problems that would otherwise not have been analyzable at present.
Meteorologists and Students: A resource for language grounding of\n geographical descriptors (2018)

We present a data resource which can be useful for research purposes on\nlanguage grounding tasks in the context of geographical referring expression\ngeneration. The resource is composed of two data sets that encompass 25\ndifferent geographical descriptors and a set of associated graphical\nrepresentations, drawn as polygons on a map by two groups of human subjects:\nteenage students and expert meteorologists.\n
High extinction ratio operation at 40-Gb/s direct modulation in 1.3-/spl mu/m InGaAlAs-MQW RWG DFB lasers (2006)

Direct modulation of 1.3-mum InGaAlAs DFB RWG lasers at 40 Gb/s is experimentally demonstrated. This laser achieves a record extinction ratio of 5 dB under 40-Gb/s modulation. Moreover, it can provide 40-Gb/s modulated transmission over 2 km
P‐77: FLC Materials with Fast Response Time and High Contrast Ratio for the τ‐Vmin Mode FLCDs (1998)

Abstract New ferroelectnc liquid crystal (FLC) materials for the τ‐Vmin mode FLCDS were developed, realizing fast response time (12μsec/line) and high contrast ratio (higher than 100:1). The developed FLC materials are useful for simple multiplexing FLCDs with high contrast and moving full color images, realizing high bit temporal dither for gray scale.
Increasing heat transfer during condensation on surfaces via lubricant impregnation (2014)

The low contact angle hysteresis shown by superhydrophobic surfaces towards water has many interesting applications including condensation. However these useful properties can be lost during condensation. Water droplets randomly nucleate anywhere on the surface including in between the surface textures and grow while still remaining entrained in the texture. By using specially crafted textures, coalescence induced self-propulsion of droplets to eject them from the surface can be achieved; however surface textures are vulnerable to damage and defects. A new approach to prevent a droplet from attaining pinned state on surfaces with nano/micro textures has recently been introduced by impregnating surfaces with a liquid immiscible with the droplet such that the `Impregnating Lubricant' remains trapped on the surface forming a hybrid surface of liquid and solid. This work will focus on mechanics of condensation on such lubricant impregnated surfaces. We show that lubricants despite having ultra-smooth surfaces nevertheless show significant enhancement in nucleation as compared to solid surfaces with similar surface energy. Further we discuss the mechanisms behind the increase in heat transfer during condensation on such surfaces. Longevity of lubricant is a key aspect in application of these surfaces for industrial applications such as condensers, cooling systems, heat pipes etc. We report the mechanics of lubricant loss and how such losses can be minimized for long-term usage of such surfaces.
Spindle assembly checkpoint defects and chromosomal instability in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2003)

Alterations in chromosomal number and structure are found in most solid malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), however, the presence of ongoing, chromosomal instability in HNSC and its relation to spindle assembly checkpoint defects has not been formally demonstrated. We investigated the status of chromosomal instability (CIN) in HNSC primary tumors and cell lines as well as spindle assembly checkpoint integrity in HNSC cell lines. Centromeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out on expanded single cell-derived colonies from HNSC cell lines and primary HNSC touch preparations. The deviation of chromosomes from the modal number in single cell derived colonies was 18.4-27% in 6 HNSC cell lines, and 2-3% in a control cell line, HCT116. Twelve primary tumors and 4 normal controls were also studied; all primary tumors demonstrated significant deviation from the modal chromosomal number (average 33.7%, range = 29.9-43.9%), compared to normal controls (average 4.6%, range = 3.6-5.6%). Additional characterization of the rate of chromosomal breakage was carried out by dual color FISH simultaneously using centromeric and telomeric probes for individual chromosomes on expanded singe cell-derived colonies and primary HNSC. Control HCT 116 colonies demonstrated a mean discordance between number of centromeric and telomeric hybridization signals in 21% (range = 19-23%) of cells, whereas HNSC cell line colonies demonstrated a mean discordance of 50% (range = 38-55%), with the majority of instances of discordant signal indicating telomeric loss. Similarly, touch preparations from primary HNSC demonstrated discordance in hybridization signal of centromeric vs. telomeric signal of 26.3% (range = 18.5-42%), with normal controls showing a rate of discordance of 6.4% (range = 4-8%). Finally, all 6 HNSC cell lines demonstrated partial impairment of mitotic arrest in response to nocodazole, indicating that impairment of the spindle assembly checkpoint may contribute to chromosomal instability in HNSC. Ongoing instability in chromosomal number and structure are consistent features of primary HNSC and cell lines. Spindle assembly checkpoint impairment occurs in HNSC cell lines and may contribute to chromosomal instability in HNSC.
Urinary exosome miRNome analysis and its applications to salt sensitivity of blood pressure (2013)

The expression of 45 urinary exosomal miRNAs associates with an individual's blood pressure response to sodium.
Patterns of Apparent Co-Operativity of the Steady-State of a Simple Non-Equilibrium Random Substrate-Modifier Mechanism (1977)

&lt;p&gt;In this paper we address the makespan optimization of industrial-sized manufacturing systems. We introduce a framework which species functional system requirements in a compositional way and automatically computes makespan optimal solutions respecting these requirements. We show the optimization problem to be NP-Hard. To scale towards systems of industrial complexity, we propose a novel approach based on a subclass of compositional requirements which we call constraints. We prove that these constraints always prune the worst-case optimization-space thereby increasing the odds of nding an optimal solution (with respect to the additional constraints). We demonstrate the applicability of the framework on an industrial-sized manufacturing system.&lt;/p&gt;
EBSD characterisation of Y2Ba4CuUOxphase in melttextured YBCO with addition of depleted uranium oxide (2006)

Melt-textured YBCO samples processed with added Y2O3 and depleted uranium oxide (DU) contain nano-particles, which have been identified previously as Y2Ba4CuUOx (U-411). This phase has a cubic unit cell, which is clearly distinct from the orthorhombic Y-123 and Y-211 phases within the YBCO system. In samples with a high amount of DU addition (0.8 wt-% DU), U-2411 particles have sizes between 200 nm and several νm, so identification of the Kikuchi patterns of this phase becomes possible. Together with a parallel EDX analysis, the particles embedded in the Y-123 matrix can be identified unambiguously. In this way, a three-phase EBSD scan becomes possible, allowing also the identification of nanometre-sized particles in the sample microstructure.
Modelling Industrial Symbiosis of Biogas Production and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants -Technical Report (2020)

The present-day treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents can be significantly improved by incorporating biogas production in the context of industrial symbiosis. In this work a new industrial sym ...
Targeted Extraction of Temporal Facts from Textual Resources for Improved Temporal Question Answering over Knowledge Bases (2022)

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) systems have the goal of answering complex natural language questions by reasoning over relevant facts retrieved from Knowledge Bases (KB). One of the major challenges faced by these systems is their inability to retrieve all relevant facts due to factors such as incomplete KB and entity/relation linking errors. In this paper, we address this particular challenge for systems handling a specific category of questions called temporal questions, where answer derivation involve reasoning over facts asserting point/intervals of time for various events. We propose a novel approach where a targeted temporal fact extraction technique is used to assist KBQA whenever it fails to retrieve temporal facts from the KB. We use $λ$-expressions of the questions to logically represent the component facts and the reasoning steps needed to derive the answer. This allows us to spot those facts that failed to get retrieved from the KB and generate textual queries to extract them from the textual resources in an open-domain question answering fashion. We evaluated our approach on a benchmark temporal question answering dataset considering Wikidata and Wikipedia respectively as the KB and textual resource. Experimental results show a significant $\sim$30\% relative improvement in answer accuracy, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
The Apparent CPE Behavior of a Disk Electrode with Faradaic Reactions: A Global and Local Impedance Analysis (2007)

Geometry-induced current and potential distributions modify both the global and local impedance response of a disk electrode subject to Faradaic reactions. The problem was treated for both linear and Tafel kinetic regimes. At frequencies above the characteristic frequency for the Faradaic reaction, the global impedance response has a quasi-CPE character, but with a CPE coefficient α that is a function of both dimensionless frequency K and dimensionless current density J. For small values of J, α approached unity; whereas, for larger values of J, α reached values near 0.78. While the calculated global impedance was purely capacitive, the local impedance has high-frequency inductive loops. The local impedance is influenced by the local Ohmic impedance, which has complex behavior near a characteristic dimensionless frequency K = 1.
H2 for HIFOO (2010)

HIFOO is a public-domain Matlab package initially designed for Hinfinity fixed-order controller synthesis, using nonsmooth nonconvex optimization techniques. It was later on extended to multi-objective synthesis, including strong and simultaneous stabilization under Hinfinity constraints. In this paper we describe a further extension of HIFOO to H2 performance criteria, making it possible to address mixed H2/Hinfinity synthesis. We give implementation details and report our extensive benchmark results.