gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOLUBILITY OPTIMIZATION OF OIL COMPONENTS IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (2005)

ABSTRACT The solubilities of oleic acid, linoleic acid and soybean oil were determined in supercritical carbon dioxide and in supercritical carbon dioxide containing added hexane (10% v/v) at eight different pressures (136–372 atm) and at each of four different temperatures (35, 40, 45 and 50C). An ISCO supercritical fluid extraction system was used to determine the solubility of selected components of crude soybean oil; triacylglycerols, oleic acid and linoleic acid. An increase in density increased the solubility for all three components up to ~306 atm and 45C. The solubility for oleic acid was 2.10 ± 0.32 mg/mL (averaged over the entire range of conditions); for soybean oil, 1.40 ± 0.29 mg/mL; and for linoleic acid, 0.93 ± 0.26 mg/mL of supercritical fluid. On average, adding 10% hexane as a cosolvent to the supercritical carbon dioxide increased component solubility by ~40% at 35C and ~240% at 50C.
Time encoded multicolor fluorescence detection in a microfluidic flow cytometer (2012)

We describe an optical detection technique that delivers high signal-to-noise discrimination to enable a multi-parameter flow cytometer that combines high performance, robustness, compactness and low cost. The enabling technique is termed "spatially modulated detection" and generates a time-dependent signal as a continuously fluorescing (bio-) particle traverses an optical transmission pattern along the fluidic channel. Correlating the detected signal with the expected transmission pattern achieves high discrimination of the particle signal from background noise. Additionally, the particle speed and its fluorescence emission characteristics are deduced from the correlation analysis. Our method uses a large excitation/emission volume along the fluidic channel in order to increase the total flux of fluorescence light that originates from a particle while requiring minimal optical alignment. Despite the large excitation/detection volume, the mask pattern enables a high spatial resolution in the micron range. This allows for detection and characterization of particles with a separation (in flow direction) comparable to the dimension of individual particles. In addition, the concept is intrinsically tolerant of non-encoded background fluorescence originating from fluorescent components in solution, fluorescing components of the chamber and contaminants on its surface. The optical detection technique is illustrated with experimental results of multicolor detection with a single large area detector by filtering fluorescence emission of different particles through a patterned color mask. Thereby the particles' fluorescence emission spectrum is encoded in a time dependent intensity signal and color information can be extracted from the correlation analysis. The multicolor detection technique is demonstrated by differentiation of micro-beads loaded with PE (Phycoerythrin) and PE-Cy5 that are excited at 532 nm.
Supplementary Table S1 from Preclinical Efficacy of the Auristatin-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate BAY 1187982 for the Treatment of FGFR2-Positive Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The expression of FGFR2 on tumor cell surface and half maximal inhibitory concentration of cell viability for FGFR2-ADC BAY 1187982 and control ADC.&lt;/p&gt;
Shear Stress Induced Fabrication of Dandelion-Shaped Lanthanide Phosphate Nanoparticles (2017)

Lanthanide phosphate nanoparticles were co-precipitated under continuous flow in a vortex fluidic device in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of different molecular weights and at varying rotational speeds and tilt angles. Dandelion-shaped lanthanide phosphate particles were produced at rotation speeds of 5000 rpm and 7000 rpm. In contrast, individual rods formed at 9000 rpm. Transition electron microscope images reveal changes in morphology of the dandelion-shaped nanoparticles with changes in the chain length of PVP or tilt angle of the tube of the vortex fluidic device. These morphological changes are likely to arise from different wrapping and aggregation of the nanoparticles induced by the PVP polymer under shear.
Ordered InP nanostructures fabricated by Ar+-ion irradiation (2006)

In this letter, we report fabrication of ordered InP nanostructures using 50keV Ar+-ion irradiation at normal incidence. The structural and optical properties of these nanodots as a function of ion dose have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy investigations reveal that the average sizes of the InP nanodots vary from 50nmto90nm as the ion dose increases from 1×1017to1×1018cm−2. Furthermore, an increase in ion dose results in a wider dot size distribution. Apart from the bulk InP band-edge photoluminescence (PL), the surface nanostructuring leads to the observation of an additional PL band at 1.98eV. Such a blueshifted PL peak could arise due to a combined effect of carrier confinement in the surface nanodots and radiative recombination associated with surface states. The room-temperature micro-Raman investigation of InP nanodots reveals optical phonon softening due to phonon confinement in the surface nanodots.
The discovery and anticancer preclinical investigation of novel piperazinylpyrimidine derivatives designed to target the human kinome (2011)

The current dissertation describes a multidisciplinary research project centered on the discovery and investigation of the anticancer activities exhibited by novel piperazinylpyrimidine derivatives designed to target kinases protein family. Primary screening of the antiproliferative effects implemented by these successfully synthesized new agents has resulted in the candidacy of 4 , 15 , and 16 as not only prototype representatives of the class, but surprisingly also as optimized agents for either globally cytotoxic, 16 , or selectively cytostatic, 4 and 15 , agents. Subjecting 4 , 15 , and 16 to screening tests aiming at measuring their binding to or their functional inhibition of selected sets of kinases has revealed the tendency of 4 to target PDGFR subfamily and the ability of 4 , 15 , and 16 to recognize CSNK1D. Docking as well as binding profiles comparative studies hypothesize 4 , 15 , and 16 as type-I kinase inhibitors. Further preclinical investigation of 15 against MDA-MB-468 triple negative breast cancer cell line revealed that 15 exhibits a time as well as dose-dependent antiproliferative activity mediated by the induction of both time and dose independent G2/M arrest and dose dependent apoptosis. Globally studying the molecular events accompanied with the 15 /MDA-MB-468 incidence has revealed the phosphorylation of TP53 and the consequent activation of its transcriptional activity as a hallmark molecular event relevant to the above observed effects on the cellular, cell cycle, and programmed cell death levels. Apart from the above experimentally oriented investigation, another theoretically driven inquiry was pursued aiming at studying the inherent ability of certain kinases to be more promiscuous towards binding to small molecules than others. Throughout the analysis of a reported dataset, dephosphorylated members of PDGFR subfamily were found to more potently bind to structurally diverse kinase inhibitors compared to INSR subfamily. A molecular dynamics study was performed to compare between the topological, energetic, and dynamic properties of the binding area usually targeted by kinase inhibitors in both KIT, as a representative of the more promiscuous PDGFR subfamily, and INSR, as a representative of the less promiscuous INSR subfamily. Interestingly enough, the binding area in both kinases showed significantly different properties which, to a large extent, can explain their different overall attitudes towards binding small molecules. As a representative example, the binding area of INSR tends to be more energetically self-stabilizing than that in KIT. Additionally, the topological analysis revealed that the binding are in KIT tends to be more rigid and to have bigger size than that of INSR. The current work has successfully cross-implemented experimental, theoretical, and computational studies aiming at the development of novel kinase inhibitors and/or promising anticancer preclinical candidates.
Segmentation of nuclear images in automated cervical cancer screening (1995)

This paper describes an efficient method of segmenting cell nuclei from complex scenes based upon the use of adaptive region growing in conjuction with nucleus-specific filters. Results of segmenting potentially abnormal (cancer or neoplastic) cell nuclei in Papanicolaou smears from 0.8 square micrometers resolution images are also presented.
The total synthesis of avermectin A1a (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe total synthesis of avermectin A1aSamuel J. Danishefsky, David M. Armistead, Francine E. Wincott, Harold G. Selnick, and Randall HungateCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 8, 2967–2980Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00190a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2040Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recrystallization and Related Phenomena. Texture Evolution of IF Steel Due to Recrystallization. (1998)

The evolution of texture due to recrystallization was investigated in cold rolled Ti-bearing IF steel sheets using Electron Back Scattering Pattern (EBSP). The aim of this study was to obtain a real picture of the formation of the recrystallization texture of IF steel sheets, which would contribute to proper texture control for improving deep drawability. The deformed grains can be roughly classified by the following 5 orientation groups: (1) ND//<111> and RD//<112>∼<110>, (2) ND//<111>∼<335> and RD//<110>, (3) around {112} <110>, (4) around {001} <110> and (5) widely scattered orientations. Their ratios of frequency of finding are approximately 12 : 4 : 4 : 5 : 2. Deformed grains of types (1) and (5) recrystallized at the early stage of recrystallization. The nucleation sites are both grain boundaries and grain interior. The orientations of grains recrystallized from a grain of type (1) are ND//<111> and RD//<112>∼<110> while the orientations of grains recrystallized from a grain of type (5) are widely scattered. Most of the deformed grains of types (2), (3) and (4) recrystallized at the later stage of recrystallization. The recrystallization of these grains of types progresses through the growth of already recrystallized neighboring grains if the neighboring grains are types (1) and (5). There exist no preferential misorientation axes for migrating recrystallization fronts. Most of the misorientation angles lie between 20º and 55º.
Corona: System Implications of Emerging Nanophotonic Technology (2008)

We expect that many-core microprocessors will push performance per chip from the 10 gigaflop to the 10 teraflop range in the coming decade. To support this increased performance, memory and inter-core bandwidths will also have to scale by orders of magnitude. Pin limitations, the energy cost of electrical signaling, and the non-scalability of chip-length global wires are significant bandwidth impediments. Recent developments in silicon nanophotonic technology have the potential to meet these off- and on-stack bandwidth requirements at acceptable power levels. Corona is a 3 D many-core architecture that uses nanophotonic communication for both inter-core communication and off-stack communication to memory or I/O devices. Its peak floating-point performance is 10 teraflops. Dense wavelength division multiplexed optically connected memory modules provide 10 terabyte per second memory bandwidth. A photonic crossbar fully interconnects its 256 low-power multithreaded cores at 20 terabyte per second bandwidth. We have simulated a 1024 thread Corona system running synthetic benchmarks and scaled versions of the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite. We believe that in comparison with an electrically-connected many-core alternative that uses the same on-stack interconnect power, Corona can provide 2 to 6 times more performance on many memory intensive workloads, while simultaneously reducing power.
Revolutionary Science (2016)

On rare occasions in the history of science, remarkable discoveries transform human society and forever alter mankind's view of the world. Examples of such discoveries include the heliocentric theory, Newtonian physics, the germ theory of disease, quantum theory, plate tectonics and the discovery that DNA carries genetic information. The science philosopher Thomas Kuhn famously described science as long periods of normality punctuated by times of crisis, when anomalous observations culminate in revolutionary changes that replace one paradigm with another. This essay examines several transformative discoveries in the light of Kuhn's formulation. We find that each scientific revolution is unique, with disparate origins that may include puzzle solving, serendipity, inspiration, or a convergence of disparate observations. The causes of revolutionary science are varied and lack an obvious common structure. Moreover, it can be difficult to draw a clear distinction between so-called normal and revolutionary science. Revolutionary discoveries often emerge from basic science and are critically dependent on nonrevolutionary research. Revolutionary discoveries may be conceptual or technological in nature, lead to the creation of new fields, and have a lasting impact on many fields in addition to the field from which they emerge. In contrast to political revolutions, scientific revolutions do not necessarily require the destruction of the previous order. For humanity to continue to benefit from revolutionary discoveries, a broad palette of scientific inquiry with a particular emphasis on basic science should be supported.
Observation of 2D Cherenkov Radiation (2023)

Experiments provide the first observation of Cherenkov radiation emitted into 2D light modes, achieving a unity free-electron--photon coupling strength, paving the way for unexplored phenomena in free-electron quantum optics.
Modified RSSI Technique for the Localization of Passive UHF RFID Tags in LOS Channels (2013)

This paper presents a new approach for improving the localization of passive ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in line-of-sight channels using a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) technique. In practice, the complex propagation in the indoor channels and also the variability of some parameters of the RFID equipment itself introduces significant amount of errors when the operation of localization carries out the RSSI technique. Indeed, as the calculation is based on a trilateration, the incomplete knowledge of the propagation and some parameters of RFID tags leads to estimate distances which are wrong, and therefore the localization cannot be correct. In order to overcome this drawback, the proposed method takes into account the presence of unknown parameters relying on a dichotomous algorithm which includes probabilistic parameters. The presented simulation results are in good agreement with the expected theoretical results. Experimental results show that the proposed method strongly increases the accuracy of the estimated position of tags. Compared to other approaches based on the improvement of the RSSI technique, this method does not require too much complexity in terms of materials (no need for specific architecture or reference tags) and processing (fast and simple algorithm).
Selection of Rendezvous Points for Multi-Robot Exploration in Dynamic Environments (2010)

For many robotics applications (such as robotic search and rescue), information about the environment must be gathered by a team of robots and returned to a single, specific location. Coordination of robots and sharing of information is vital, and when environments have severe communication limitations, approaches must be robust to communication drop-out and failure. The difficulties are compounded in dynamic environments, where paths previously believed to be free can suddenly become blocked. In this paper, we introduce a novel way of calculating rendezvous points for robots to meet and share information. Using role-based exploration, some robots continuously explore the environment while others ferry information back and forth to a central command centre. Optimal rendezvous point selection leads to more efficient exploration, and allows robots to replan when one of them has unexpected obstacles in its path.
Optical properties of Ge-richGe1−xSixalloys: Compositional dependence of the lowest direct and indirect gaps (2016)

Ge-rich $\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{e}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{x}$ alloys have been investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence at room temperature. Special emphasis was placed on the compositional dependence of the lowest-energy interband transitions. For $x\ensuremath{\le}0.05$, a compositional range of particular interest for modern applications, we find ${E}_{0}=0.799(1)+3.214(45)x+0.080(44){x}^{2}$ (in eV) for the lowest direct gap. The compositional dependence of the indirect gap is obtained from photoluminescence as ${E}_{\mathrm{ind}}=0.659(4)+1.18(17)x$ (in eV). We find no significant discrepancies between these results and the extrapolations from measurements at higher Si concentrations. Such discrepancies had been suggested by recent work on $\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{e}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{x}$ films on Si. Accurate knowledge of the interband transition energies is an important requirement for the design of devices incorporating Ge-rich $\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{e}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{x}$ alloys and for the understanding of more complex systems, such as ternary $\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{e}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x\ensuremath{-}y}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{x}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{n}}_{y}$ alloys, in terms of its binary constituents.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 18/2015 (2015)

Front Cover: The first protic-acid-free oxygen-oxidative polymerization of diphenyl disulfide to yield poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide), catalyzed by a vanadyl complex and a borate compound, is accomplished. Triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, having a non-coordinating anion, is especially effective for the polymerization. Catalysis by the tetrafluoroborate salt is established at elevated temperatures where the anion is found to be less coordinative. Further details can be found in the article by F. Aida, S. Yamaguchi, Y. Takatori, K. Nagamatsu, D. Kiyokawa, K. Oyaizu,* and H. Nishide,* on page 1850.
Breaking the tert -Butyllithium Contact Ion Pair: A Gateway to Alternate Selectivity in Lithiation Reactions (2023)

The effects of Lewis basic phosphoramides on the aggregate structure of <i>t-</i>BuLi have been investigated in detail by NMR and DFT methods. It was determined that hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) can shift the equilibrium of <i>t-</i>BuLi to include the triple ion pair (<i>t</i>-Bu-Li-<i>t</i>-Bu)<sup>-</sup>/HMPA<sub>4</sub>Li<sup>+</sup> which serves as a reservoir for the highly reactive separated ion pair <i>t</i>-Bu<sup>-</sup>/HMPA<sub>4</sub>Li<sup>+</sup>. Because the Li-atom's valences are saturated in this ion pair, the Lewis acidity is significantly decreased; in turn, the basicity is maximized which allowed for the typical directing effects within oxygen heterocycles to be overridden and for remote sp<sup>3</sup> C-H bonds to be deprotonated. Furthermore, these newly accessed lithium aggregation states were leveraged to develop a simple γ-lithiation and capture protocol of chromane heterocycles with a variety of alkyl halide electrophiles in good yields.
Dominant inelastic mechanisms in FCC metallic thin films and lines (2002)

During fabrication, metallic thin films and lines typically develop high levels of stress that affect their performance and can lead to failure of devices based on them. A quantitative reliability assessment requires a thorough understanding of the mechanical behavior of these metallic structures that can only be attained if the dominant inelastic mechanisms are identified and characterized. In this paper, we discuss the inelastic behavior of Ag and Cu thin films, and damascene Cu lines. For the thin films, we identified the dominant inelastic mechanisms that generate plastic deformation during thermal cycling: diffusional creep at high temperatures (approximately above 0.3 of the melting temperature), and dislocation-mediated plasticity controlled by the thermally activated glide of dislocations through forest obstacles at low temperatures. As expected, the characteristic lengthscale for diffusional creep is determined by the microstructure (i.e. average grain size and film thickness). The characteristic lengthscale for dislocation plasticity is the length of the moving dislocation segments, which was found to depend on film thickness and to be on the order of 50–100 nm. Our experimental results indicate that the mechanical behavior of the lines is essentially identical to that of the films, and that it can also be understood in terms of diffusional creep and dislocation plasticity. Finally, a simple constitutive equation, based on the dislocation-mediated inelastic mechanism, is presented.
Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flax reinforced woven for composite applications (2013)

This paper investigates the flame retardant and mechanical properties of a flax woven fabric that can be used to prepare biocomposites. The flame retardant properties of the fabric are first considered using different ammonium phosphate salts and intumescent systems. It is demonstrated that satisfactory performances can be achieved using this approach. Better performances were obtained with pure phosphate salts in comparison to intumescent systems. This was attributed first, to the carbonization effect of the flax that could thus react with the phosphate and/or its degradation products leading to a stabilisation of the system and second to the lower phosphorus content when the full intumescent system is considered. On the other hand, despite a loss of biaxial tensile properties, the ability of the fire retardant treated fabric to form complex shape such as a tetrahedron was successfully demonstrated. Finally, the flame retardant properties of one-ply composites, using a bio-based matrix (Bioplast from Biotec), was evaluated. It was shown that good fire retardancy performances could be achieved considering only the flame retardancy of the reinforcement phase. This approach has potential for developing future flame retarded biocomposites.