gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi–drug resistance and β–lactamase production among clinical isolates of staphylococci (2006)

Thirty–eight isolates of staphylococci isolated from diseased eyes of human were distinguished as methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 11, methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) 19, and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) 8 isolates. Antibiotic resistance against &#946;–lactam antibiotics was exhibited by 81.81–100% of the isolates belonging to MRSA, followed by MSSA (0–89.47%) and CNS (25–87.50%). Similarly, resistance to other antibiotics like streptomycin, tetracycline, doxycycline and nalidixic acid was also higher among MRSA isolates than MSSA and/or CNS isolates. Overall resistance was higher to penicillin–G (78.95%) followed by ampicillin (73.68%), cefixime and nalidixic acid (68.42% each), cloxacillin (60.52%), streptomycin (57.89%), methicillin (39.40%) and least to tetracycline and doxycycline (21.05% each). Resistance to &#946;–lactam drugs was common and cross–resistance was observed in several strains. Multiple antibiotic resistance in staphylococci was exhibited by 73.68% of the isolates. All the MRSA strains showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of &#946;–lactam antibiotics ranged from 6.25&#956;g/ml to 2000&#956;g/ml. High level of MIC value (&#8805;800&#956;g/ml) was detected against penicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in the 15, 7 and 21 isolates respectively. The &#946;–lactamases of few isolates showed substrate specificity, hydrolyzing one or more &#946;–lactam antibiotics. No significant difference was noticed in the production of &#946;–lactamase among the three groups of staphylococci (MRSA, MSSA and CNS). No co–relation was established between the resistance level against antibiotics and &#946;– lactamases production in the staphylococci isolates from diseased eyes. Staphylococci associated with the human eye infection showed resistance to &#946;–lactams and other antibiotics and &#946;–lactamase production is a common traits. Keywords: MRSA, &#946;–lactamase, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, &#946;–lactamase, coagulase negative staphylococci Journal of Tropical Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2(1) 2006: 18-23
Damage assessment for optimal rollback recovery (1998)

Conventional schemes of rollback recovery with checkpointing for concurrent processes have overlooked an important problem: contamination of checkpoints as a result of error propagation among the cooperating processes. Error propagation is unavoidable due to imperfect detection mechanisms and random interprocess communications, and it could give rise to contaminated checkpoints which, in turn, result in unsuccessful rollbacks. To counter the problem of error propagation, a damage assessment model is developed to estimate the correctness of saved checkpoints under various circumstances. Using the result of damage assessment, determination of the "optimal" checkpoints for rollback recovery-which minimize the average total recovery overhead-is formulated and solved as a nonlinear integer programming problem. Integration of damage assessment into existing recovery schemes is also discussed.
Lithium ion batteries ageing analysis when used in a PV power plant (2012)

This paper analyzes the integration of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries into large scale grid-connected PV plants. It performs a systematic analysis on both the operation improvement obtained by a PV+ES power plant and the ageing experienced by the Li-ion batteries used as Energy Storage (ES) system when operating under different energy management strategies (EMS). In this paper, the PV+ES power plant structure is presented and the selection of Li-on batteries as ES system (ESS) is justified. Moreover, the simulation model used for studying the Li-ion battery ageing is explained and tested for the different EMS. All the analyses conducted in this paper are based on actual data recorded from an operative PV power plant and using verified real models.
Supplementary Methods from Gain-of-Function <i>RHOA</i> Mutations Promote Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and Dependency in Diffuse Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Progressive CPU Volume Rendering with Sample Accumulation (2017)

We present a new method for progressive volume rendering by accumulating object-space samples over successively rendered frames. Existing methods for progressive refinement either use image space methods or average pixels over frames, which can blur features or integrate incorrectly with respect to depth. Our approach stores samples along each ray, accumulates new samples each frame into a buffer, and progressively interleaves and integrates these samples. Though this process requires additional memory, it ensures interactivity and is well suited for CPU architectures with large memory and cache. This approach also extends well to distributed rendering in cluster environments. We implement this technique in Intel's open source OSPRay CPU ray tracing framework and demonstrate that it is particularly useful for rendering volumetric data with costly sampling functions.
Distributed quota enforcement for spam control (2006)

Spam, by overwhelming inboxes, has made email a less reliable medium than it was just a few years ago. Spam filters are undeniably useful but unfortunately can flag non-spam as spam. To restore email’s reliability, a recent spam control approach grants quotas of stamps to senders and has the receiver communicate with a wellknown quota enforcer to verify that the stamp on the email is fresh and to cancel the stamp to prevent reuse. The literature has several proposals based on this general idea but no complete system design and implementation that: scales to today’s email load (which requires the enforcer to be distributed over many hosts and to tolerate faults in them), imposes minimal trust assumptions, resists attack, and upholds today’s email privacy. This paper describes the design, implementation, analysis, and experimental evaluation of DQE, a spam control system that meets these challenges. DQE’s enforcer occupies a point in the design spectrum notable for simplicity: mutually untrusting nodes implement a storage abstraction but avoid neighbor maintenance, replica maintenance, and heavyweight cryptography. 1
Scatterometry as technology enabler for embedded SiGe process (2008)

New material innovations such as Embedded Silicon Germanium (eSiGe) provide a substantial metrology challenge for the 45 nm node technology and beyond. We discuss the details of how scatterometry provides in-line metrology solution to measure key features of the eSiGe structure. Critical features to measure are eSiGe to gate proximity and the un-etched silicon on insulator (SOI) thickness. The proximity measurement is particularly vital because it has a major influence on device performance, yet there was no high throughput in-line metrology solution until scatterometry. Results from multiple scatterometry platforms (three) are presented along with a summary of various metrology performance metrics like precision and accuracy. We also show how scatterometry measurements have been instrumental in supporting process development efforts. The comparison of scatterometry measurements to reference data from multiple metrology techniques is presented in order to evaluate the accuracy performance of various supplier platforms. Reference metrology techniques used are thin-film measurements from un-patterned targets, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cross-section scanning electron microscopy (XSEM). Tool matching uncertainty (TMU) analysis and weighted reference measurement system (wRMS) technique have been utilized to assist in the interpretation of correlation data. Scatterometry results from various wafers that were generated to modulate spacer width and etch cavity are also presented. The results demonstrate good sensitivity for key measurement features, especially eSiGe proximity and un-etched SOI thickness, which have very tight process control requirements.
Scatter Measurements and Instrumentation (2009)

This chapter reviews the processes and equipment for taking scatter measurements. As pointed out in Sec. 1.5, the BSDF is defined in differential form, but is measured with the incremental limitations imposed by real instrumentation. The finite detector aperture, scatter created within the instrument, calibration inaccuracies, and other practical equipment limitations such as noise, detector nonlinearity, and mechanical errors, all produce noticeable deviations between the true BSDF and the measured BSDF. In order to generate meaningful scatter specifications and fully utilize the data, it is important to understand the source and magnitude of these deviations. System calibration, an often-discussed issue, is described in detail. The chapter progresses from these basic concepts to discussions of other measurement techniques (curved samples, area raster scans, retroscatter, TIS, and out-of-plane scatter) and concludes with a section on error analysis. Chapter 1 provides necessary background information for understanding this material. 6.1 Scatterometer Components The simple plane-of-incidence scatterometer outlined in Fig. 6.1 contains most of the components typically found in more-sophisticated systems. These may be grouped into four categories: light source, sample mount, receiver (detection system), and computer/electronics package. This section outlines the need for and general operation of these modules. The light source is shown as a laser beam that is chopped, spatially filtered, expanded, and finally brought to a focus on the detector path. Lasers are convenient, but not necessary, sources for scatter measurements. The beam is chopped to reduce both optical and electronic noise. This is accomplished through the use of lock-in detection in the electronics package that suppresses all signals except those at the chopping frequency.
1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate analogues modified at C-3; synthesis of 1D-3-C-(trifluoromethyl)-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1L-chiro-insitol 1,2,3,5-tetrakisphosphate from L-quebrachitol (1994)

The novel 3-modified 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] analogues 1D-3-C-(trifluoromethyl)-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1L-chiro-inositol 1,2,3,5-tetrakisphosphate are synthesized from L-quebrachitol, and the preliminary results on their Ca2+ releasing activity suggest that the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor can accommodate some steric bulk in the axial region of the 3-position of Ins(1,4,5)P3 when the equatorial 3-hydroxy group is retained.
Finite Element Modelling design and optimization of Love Wave mesoporous transducers for biochemical detection in liquid medium (2018)

We study numerically by a Finite Element Modeling (FEM) approach the design and the optimization of a Love wave transducer coated with a mesoporous sensitive layer. This association could allow to realize an easy functionalizable transducer for biochemical detection in liquid medium. The FEM approach is a good way to design the transducer by estimating many physical parameters in order to obtain a device which could work properly for a given application. Especially, by using a porous layer coated on an acoustic Love wave transducer, we need to be sure that the propagation parameters are still compatible with a usable device. In this paper, after a description of the reduced finite element model of the Love wave transducer, we show that the first experimental results are in a good agreement with the simulations. An “ultra-reduced” FEM approach of the Love wave transducer is carried out for easier consideration of the porous sensitive coating. Finally, experimental transducers are coated with TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> porous sensitive layers by the sol gel technique: the porosity is varied in the range from 10% to 25 %, the pore size from 10 nm to 200 nm, and the thickness from 100 nm to 500 nm. Simulated and experimental results are in good accordance, and allow us to conclude that such transducer could achieve a good propagation of the acoustic wave for biochemical sensing.
One-Year Safety and Performance Assessment of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01490827.
Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes with Ethyl Diazoacetate:  An Investigation on the Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-arylacrylic Acid Ethyl Esters (2004)

Several commercial Lewis acids, including those of the Bronsted type, specifically HBF(4).OEt(2), are able to catalyze the reaction between aromatic aldehydes and ethyl diazoacetate to produce 3-hydroxy-2-arylacrylic acid ethyl esters and 3-oxo-3-arylpropanoic acid ethyl esters. Reactions catalyzed by the iron Lewis acid [(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))Fe(+)(CO)(2)(THF)]BF(4)(-) (i.e., 1) have the best yields and greatest ratio of 3-hydroxy-2-arylacrylic acid ethyl ester. The product distribution of 1 is not affected in the presence of Proton Sponge, but is dependent on temperature and the nature of the substrate aldehyde, whereas the activity of HBF(4).OEt(2) is affected by the presence of Proton Sponge and is reactive at temperatures as low as -78 degrees C. Consequently, both 1 and HBF(4).OEt(2) are valuable catalysts in producing important 3-hydroxy-2-arylacrylic acid ethyl esters as precursors to biologically active compounds.
Local events in graft rejection. (1989)

It appears that allograft rejections can be considered as a series of cellular and molecular cascades of inflammation triggered by the immune response. In acute rejection, inflammatory changes with a prominent blast cell component dominate. The main result is toxic damage of several parenchymal components, particularly the microvascular endothelium, resulting in necrosis of the parenchyma and loss of the allograft within days after transplantation. In the chronic type of rejection, inflammation also exists, but the major manifestations are different. Adventitial inflammation and perivascular cuffing of leukocytes result in concentric intimal proliferation and atherosclerosis. Very little experimental data exist, at present, on the mechanisms of transplant atherosclerosis and chronic rejection.
Robot Assisted Carpentry for Mass Customization (2018)

Despite the ubiquity of carpentered items, the customization of carpentered items remains labor intensive. The generation of laymen editable templates for carpentry is difficult. Current design tools rely heavily on CNC fabrication, limiting applicability. We develop a template based system for carpentry and a robotic fabrication system using mobile robots and standard carpentry tools. Our end-to-end design and fabrication tool democratizes design and fabrication of carpentered items. Our method combines expert knowledge for template design, allows laymen users to customize and verify specific designs, and uses robotics system to fabricate parts. We validate our system using multiple designs to make customizable, verifiable templates and fabrication plans and show an end-to-end example that was designed, manufactured, and assembled using our tools.
Revisiting Internet Adressing: Back to the Future! (2006)

IP prefixes undermine three goals of Internet routing: accurate reflection of network-layer reachability, secure routing messages, and effective traffic control. This paper presents Atomic IP (AIP), a simple change to Internet addressing (which in fact reverts to how addressing once worked), that allows Internet routing to achieve these goals.
Adaptive STFT filtering to increase SNR in Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (1999)

We and others have described a novel optical Doppler flow imaging technique, termed color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT)1, which is capable of micron-scale spatial resolution, two-dimensional tomographic velocity mapping in turbid media.
40-Gbps monolithically integrated transceivers in CMOS photonics (2008)

We report on the development of single-chip, monolithically-integrated 40 Gbps transceivers built in a 130 nm SOI CMOS process as part of Phase II of the DARPA EPIC program. In this talk we give an overview of the system architecture, including the transmit and receive paths as well as the control systems. We report on the performance of the individual building blocks, and discuss a scaling to 100 Gbps and beyond single-chip transceivers built in CMOS photonics.
The Effect of Color Scales on Climate Scientists’ Objective and Subjective Performance in Spatial Data Analysis Tasks (2018)

Geographical maps encoded with rainbow color scales are widely used by climate scientists. Despite a plethora of evidence from the visualization and vision sciences literature about the shortcomings of the rainbow color scale, they continue to be preferred over perceptually optimal alternatives. To study and analyze this mismatch between theory and practice, we present a web-based user study that compares the effect of color scales on performance accuracy for climate-modeling tasks. In this study, we used pairs of continuous geographical maps generated using climatological metrics for quantifying pairwise magnitude difference and spatial similarity. For each pair of maps, 39 scientist-observers judged: i) the magnitude of their difference, ii) their degree of spatial similarity, and iii) the region of greatest dissimilarity between them. Besides the rainbow color scale, two other continuous color scales were chosen such that all three of them covaried two dimensions (luminance monotonicity and hue banding), hypothesized to have an impact on task performance. We also analyzed subjective performance measures, such as user confidence, perceived accuracy, preference, and familiarity in using the different color scales. We found that monotonic luminance scales produced significantly more accurate judgments of magnitude difference but were not superior in spatial comparison tasks, and that hue banding had differential effects based on the task and conditions. Scientists expressed the highest preference and perceived confidence and accuracy with the rainbow, despite its poor performance on the magnitude comparison tasks. We also report on interesting interactions among stimulus conditions, tasks, and color scales, that lead to open research questions.
In Vitro Fertilization Improves Pregnancy Rates for Sperm Obtained by Rectal Probe Ejaculation (1996)

Motile sperm are obtained from most men undergoing rectal probe ejaculation and pregnancy rates obtained with these sperm are improved by in vitro fertilization.
Comparison of etching tools for resist pattern transfer (1993)

Several etching tools are evaluated for the oxygen-based plasma pattern transfer step in surface imaging and multilayer resist processes. These tools include a conventional parallel-plate reactive ion etcher, a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher, an electron cyclotron resonance reactor, and an rf helical resonator (Helicon) reactor. The performance of each tool is examined with respect to etch rate, etch profile, selectivity between the imaging layer and the pattern transfer layer, etch uniformity, etching residue, linewidth uniformity, and process latitude.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligoribonucleotides: Theory and Synthesis (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
435 Fatigue behavior of die-cast AM60 alloy under different environmental conditions (2007)

Four-point bend (Inner span: 10mm, Outer span: 30mm) fatigue tests were carried out with two-groups of AM60 alloy; one group was as-cast and another group was shot-blasted. The as-cast specimens were tested in three different environmental conditions; low humidity (20℃, 55%RH), high humidity (50℃, 80%RH) and 5wt% NaCl corrosive environment while shot blasted specimens were tested in high humidity and 5wt% NaCl environment. In each case, frequency was kept at 20Hz, load ratio at 0.1 together with sinusoidal waveform. S-N curves show that shot blasted specimens present better fatigue life and fatigue strength as compared to those of as-cast specimens under any environmental condition. The lowest fatigue strength was shown by as-cast specimens under NaCl environment. However, fractographic observations did not reveal presence of any corrosion pit which is generally found by other researchers. On the contrary, corrosion induced crack nucleating sites were observed for both groups of alloys and assumed to be the main cause of degrading fatigue strength under aggressive environment. As for shot-blasted specimens compressive residual stress might have been induced during shot blasting which could have delayed initiation of fatigue cracks. Hence they showed better fatigue performance as compared to those of as-cast specimens under different environments.
Fabricating Nanoporous Silica Structure on D-Fibres through Room Temperature Self-Assembly (2014)

The room temperature deposition of self-assembling silica nanoparticles onto D-shaped optical fibres ("D-fibre"), drawn from milled preforms fabricated by modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD), is studied. Vertical dip-and-withdraw produces tapered layers, with one end thicker (surface coverage >0.85) than the other, whilst horizontal dip-and-withdraw produces much more uniform layers over the core region. The propagation of induced fracturing over the core region during drying is overcome using a simple protrusion of the inner cladding. Thick coatings are discernible through thin film interference colouring, but thinner coatings require scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Here, we show that fluorescence imaging, using Rhodamine B, in this example, can provide some qualitative and speedy assessment of coverage.
A short communication course for physicians improves the quality of patient information in a clinical trial (2006)

We investigated whether a short course in communication skills for physicians would improve the quality of informed consent in a randomized clinical adjuvant trial on breast cancer. In this prospective, case-controlled intervention study, physicians and research nurses who introduced the cancer treatment trial to patients at three of the participating hospitals first attended a one-day communication skills course. The quality of informed consent was then evaluated by addressing a standardized questionnaire, QuIC, to trial patients at the three intervention hospitals and at control hospitals. Response rate was 90.0% (n = 288). Of the patients treated by the intervention group, 73% were very satisfied with the information received compared with 56% of those of the control group (p = 0.003). The patients of the intervention group considered the time given for making their decision sufficient more often than those of the controls (98% vs. 90%, p = 0.004). The patients of the intervention group recalled more often than those of the controls that the physician had also offered other therapeutic options than the trial treatment (91% vs. 97%, p = 0.032). They also understood the main aim of the study better than the patients of the controls (89% vs. 78%, p = 0.030). In conclusion, a short communication skills course for the trial physicians and nurses improved the quality of informed consent and patient satisfaction in the trial.
A hybrid strategy for the detection of cell membrane potential using electromotility (2010)

Cell membrane electromotility, which is nanometer-scale membrane motion driven by changes in membrane potential, is measured using a hybrid quantitative phase microscopy scheme with features such as high detection sensitivity and multi-point measurement capability.