gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realization of sub-10 picosecond switching times in selectively doped (Al,Ga)As/GaAs heterostructure transistors (1984)

We report gate delay times of less than 10 ps for ring oscillators based on direct coupled FET logic implemented with selectively doped (Al,Ga) As/GaAs heterostructure transistors (SDHTs). The minimum delay time observed was 9.4 ps at 77K with a speed-power product of 42.4 fJ and 1.1 V bias. The gate length the enhancement mode driver FETs was measured to be 0.7 µm. Dual-clocked M/S (master-slave) dividers on the same wafer using dual gate SDHTs operated up to a maximum dividing frequency of 6.3 (13.0) GHz at 300 (77)K.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF MESOIONIC OXAZOLONES. REACTIONS OF Δ2‐OXAZOLIN‐5‐ONE WITH CINNAMALDEHYDE ANILS (1983)

Abstract Aus den Oxazolinonen (I), deren Darstellung beschrieben wird, erhält man mit den Zimtaldehyd‐anilen (II) die Additionsprodukte (III) in hohen Ausbeuten.
Compact metallic self-polarizing Fabry-Perot cavity antennas with small lateral size (2011)

International audience
Mechanism of corepressor binding and release from nuclear hormone receptors (1999)

The association of transcription corepressors SMRT and N-CoR with retinoid and thyroid receptors results in suppression of basal transcriptional activity. A key event in nuclear receptor signaling is the hormone-dependent release of corepressor and the recruitment of coactivator. Biochemical and structural studies have identified a universal motif in coactivator proteins that mediates association with receptor LBDs. We report here the identity of complementary acting signature motifs in SMRT and N-CoR that are sufficient for receptor binding and ligand-induced release. Interestingly, the motif contains a hydrophobic core (PhixxPhiPhi) similar to that found in NR coactivators. Surprisingly, mutations in the amino acids that directly participate in coactivator binding disrupt the corepressor association. These results indicate a direct mechanistic link between activation and repression via competition for a common or at least partially overlapping binding site.
Numerical Study of Interaction and Aggregation of Non-Spherical Particles in Forming Li-Ion Battery Cathodes (2014)

Aggregation between additive particles and active particles in battery electrode material strongly affects their interfacial phenomena and eventually battery performance. This paper proposes a three dimensional model to simulate the aggregation process of spherical carbon black (CB) and ellipsoidal LiMn2O4 active material (AM) particles within a liquid medium (PVDF polymer dissolved in NMP solvent) in the electrode materials of Li-ion batteries. Monte Carlo method is employed and the resulting aggregates are characterized by the number of CB particles connected to the percolated cluster of AM, which affects the effective conductivity. The effects of particle geometry and constituent mass ratio are investigated. It is found that a larger AM particle aspect ratio contributes positively to the percentage of CB attachment. For a given AM particle aspect ratio of 2 or 3, the average percentage of CB attachment is found to decrease as the CB:AM mass ratio increases from 2%:94% to 4%:92%.
A Process for Enhancing Selectivity and Limiting Plugging in Plasmafractionation for Apob Removal (1993)

A new process using pressure and flow pulsations was investigated in the second stage of cascade filtration for ApoB removal. Due to enhanced filtration by the pulsations, the retentate flow vanished naturally without clamping the line, which reduced albumin and ApoA1 losses. The performance of Eval 4A and cellulose PF100 filters in this case were compared with that of classical dead end mode at a plasma flux of 18 ml/(min m2). The apparent sieving coefficient for small proteins (albumin, ApoA1) under pulsed conditions increased with increasing pressure instead of dropping as in dead end mode. In both cases the ApoB sieving coefficients remained below 0.02. These encouraging results were accompanied by a slower rise of transmembrane pressure showing a decrease of membrane plugging. Thus, the recovery of albumin and ApoA1 is increased while ApoB removal remains constant, which improves the selectivity of the fractionation stage.
Field examples of the joint petrophysical inversion of resistivity and nuclear measurements acquired in high-angle and horizontal wells (2014)

ABSTRACT A recently introduced interpretation workflow has confirmed that inversion-based interpretation is more reliable than conventional well-log analysis in high-angle (HA) and horizontal (HZ) wells because the former accounts for well trajectory and shoulder-bed effects on well logs. Synthetic examples show that the inversion workflow could improve the estimation of hydrocarbon volumes by 15% and 10% in HA and HZ intervals, respectively. Using field examples of thinly interbedded calcite-cemented siltstone formations, we document results of the joint petrophysical inversion of logging-while-drilling multisector nuclear (neutron porosity, density, natural gamma ray, photoelectric factor) and multiarray propagation resistivity measurement for improved formation evaluation in HA/HZ wells. Under the assumption of multilayer formation petrophysical models, the inversion approach estimates formation properties by numerically reproducing the available measurements. Subsequently, inversion-derived hydrocarbon pore volume is calculated for assessment of reservoir pay. Application of the joint inversion-based interpretation in challenging field examples highlights petrophysical characteristics such as capillary trends or water saturation variations in a hydrocarbon column influenced by reservoir quality and formation electrical anisotropy which otherwise remain inconspicuous with conventional and quick-look interpretation of well-logs.
Observation of Third Harmonic Generation in Two-Dimensional MoS2 Semiconductor Using Terahertz Free-Electron Laser (2022)

This study presents the third harmonic generation (THG) in two-dimensional MoS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> deposited on Si/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> substrate. Intense terahertz pulses from a free-electron laser were used as pump. The pump central frequency is 3.5 THz, and the THG peak is observed around 10 THz. The THG intensity dependence on excitation density follows the $I_{3 \omega} \propto I_{\omega}^{3}$ relation which further confirms the THG.
High-precision frequency-domain measurements of the optical properties of turbid media (1999)

We report high-precision measurements of the absorption and the reduced scattering coefficients for turbid media. Using a frequency-domain measurement technique for a point-source infinite-medium geometry, we find that the standard deviations of multiple measurements of the absorption coefficient mu(a) and the reduced scattering coefficient mu(s)(?) are less than 0.6%, and three independently derived values for mu(a) and mu(s)(?) agree to better than 1%. Measurements of mu(a) agree with measurements of a nonscattering medium to within 1.2%. To obtain high precision requires attention to proper conditions for the spherical photon-density wave model, the detection linearity, and the ratio of the absorption rate to the source modulation rate. Frequency-domain amplitude and phase measurements deviate from fitted curves by 0.1% and 0.06 degrees rms, respectively.
Supramolecular Organization Predicts Protein Nanoparticle Delivery to Neutrophils for Acute Lung Inflammation Diagnosis and Treatment (2020)

Abstract Acute lung inflammation has severe morbidity, as seen in COVID-19 patients. Lung inflammation is accompanied or led by massive accumulation of neutrophils in pulmonary capillaries (“margination”). We sought to identify nanostructural properties that predispose nanoparticles to accumulate in pulmonary marginated neutrophils, and therefore to target severely inflamed lungs. We designed a library of nanoparticles and conducted an in vivo screen of biodistributions in naive mice and mice treated with lipopolysaccharides. We found that supramolecular organization of protein in nanoparticles predicts uptake in inflamed lungs. Specifically, nanoparticles with agglutinated protein (NAPs) efficiently home to pulmonary neutrophils, while protein nanoparticles with symmetric structure ( e.g. viral capsids) are ignored by pulmonary neutrophils. We validated this finding by engineering protein-conjugated liposomes that recapitulate NAP targeting to neutrophils in inflamed lungs. We show that NAPs can diagnose acute lung injury in SPECT imaging and that NAP-like liposomes can mitigate neutrophil extravasation and pulmonary edema arising in lung inflammation. Finally, we demonstrate that ischemic ex vivo human lungs selectively take up NAPs, illustrating translational potential. This work demonstrates that structure-dependent interactions with neutrophils can dramatically alter the biodistribution of nanoparticles, and NAPs have significant potential in detecting and treating respiratory conditions arising from injury or infections.
The preparation of large surface area lanthanum based perovskite supports for AuPt nanoparticles: tuning the glycerol oxidation reaction pathway by switching the perovskite B site (2016)

Gold and gold alloys, in the form of supported nanoparticles, have been shown over the last three decades to be highly effective oxidation catalysts. Mixed metal oxide perovskites, with their high structural tolerance, are ideal for investigating how changes in the chemical composition of supports affect the catalysts' properties, while retaining similar surface areas, morphologies and metal co-ordinations. However, a significant disadvantage of using perovskites as supports is their high crystallinity and small surface area. We report the use of a supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation methodology to prepare large surface area lanthanum based perovskites, making the deposition of 1 wt% AuPt nanoparticles feasible. These catalysts were used for the selective oxidation of glycerol. By changing the elemental composition of the perovskite B site, we dramatically altered the reaction pathway between a sequential oxidation route to glyceric or tartronic acid and a dehydration reaction pathway to lactic acid. Selectivity profiles were correlated to reported oxygen adsorption capacities of the perovskite supports and also to changes in the AuPt nanoparticle morphologies. Extended time on line analysis using the best oxidation catalyst (AuPt/LaMnO3) produced an exceptionally high tartronic acid yield. LaMnO3 produced from alternative preparation methods was found to have lower activities, but gave comparable selectivity profiles to that produced using the supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation methodology.
Realization of quantum dot-based polarized white LEDs using short-wavelength pass dichroic filters and reflective polarizer films (2014)

This study introduces quantum dot (QD)-based polarized white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs) combined with a shortwavelength pass dichroic filter (SPDF), which transmit blue wavelength regions and reflect yellow wavelength regions, and a reflective polarizer film (RPF)-sandwiched AgIn5S8-ZnS QD layer using an electrospray (e-spray) method. The AgIn5S8-ZnS QDs are good candidates for W-LEDs because of their broad emission band (~100 nm) from the donoracceptor emission. The yellow emitting AgIn5S8-ZnS QDs are synthesized using a colloidal hot injection method and mixed with dimethylformamide (DMF), toluene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for e-spray coating on glass. Furthermore, SPDFs are used instead of glass substrates to enhance the yellow emission from the QD layer. To create the polarized light, the RPF is fabricated on QD-coated glass and SPDFs. To create white light, a blue LED chip (λmax = 450 nm) is used as the blue light source and an excitation source for the yellow QD film with an applied current of 60 mA. The electroluminescence (EL) intensity with an angular orientation of the polarizer is measured as a function of the polarizer-rotating angle from −90° to 90° at 10° intervals.
Predictive Model-Based Process Start-Up in Pharmaceutical Continuous Granulation and Drying (2020)

Continuous manufacturing (CM) is a promising strategy to achieve various benefits in the context of quality, flexibility, safety and cost in pharmaceutical production. One of the main technical challenges of CM is that the process needs to handle transient conditions such as the start-up phase before state of control operation is reached, which can potentially cause out-of-specification (OOS) material. In this context, the presented paper aims to demonstrate that suitable process control strategies during start-up of a continuous granulation and drying operation can limit or even avoid OOS material production and hence can ensure that the provided benefits of CM are not compromised by poor production yields. In detail, heat-up of the drying chamber prior the start of production can lead to thermal energy being stored inside of the stainless-steel housing, acting as an energy buffer that is known to cause over-dried granules in the first few minutes of the drying process. To compensate this issue, an automatic ramping procedure of dryer rotation speed (and hence drying time) was introduced into the plant's process control system, which counteracts the excessive drying capacity during start-up. As a result, dry granules exiting the dryer complied with the targeted intermediate critical quality attribute loss-on-drying (LOD) from the very beginning of production.
Functional Ribosomal Unit of Gamma-Globulin Synthesis (1965)

Nascent protein synthesis is associated with polyribosomes in extracts of lymph node cells removed from hyperimmunized rabbits, if the ribonuclease activity in such extracts is inhibited. Prior treatment of the cells with actinomycin D markedly decreases protein synthesis by polyribosomes.
<title>Branchless distance driven projection and backprojection</title> (2006)

This paper presents a variation on our Distance Driven projection and backprojection method in which the inner loop is essentially branchless. The new inner loop structure is highly parallelizable and amenable to vectorization or highly pipelined implementations. We demonstrate that the new loop structure computes the same results as the original method to within numerical precision.
Potential Therapeutic Role for Apelin and Related Peptides in Diabetes: An Update (2022)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an epidemic with an ever-increasing global prevalence. Current treatment strategies, although plentiful and somewhat effective, often fail to achieve desired glycaemic goals in many people, leading ultimately to disease complications. The lack of sustained efficacy of clinically-approved drugs has led to a heightened interest in the development of novel alternative efficacious antidiabetic therapies. One potential option in this regard is the peptide apelin, an adipokine that acts as an endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor. Apelin exists in various molecular isoforms and was initially studied for its cardiovascular benefits, however recent research suggests that it also plays a key role in glycaemic control. As such, apelin peptides have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and lower circulating blood glucose. Nevertheless, native apelin has a short biological half-life that limits its therapeutic potential. More recently, analogues of apelin, particularly apelin-13, have been developed that possess a significantly extended biological half-life. These analogues may represent a promising target for future development of therapies for metabolic disease including diabetes and obesity.
Batteries and Ultracapacitors for Electric Power Systems with Renewable Energy Sources (2017)

320Energy storage devices and systems are now playing a major role in electrical systems from small electronics to automotive applications and to the utility power grid. This chapter reviews energy storage devices, management, control, interface, and demonstrations for electrical power systems. Various types of energy storage systems (ESSs) are discussed with a main focus on batteries and ultracapacitors. Different types of batteries and their electrical models are explained. Three major types of ultracapacitors are also discussed. The main concepts of battery management systems, including functions, controls, and hardware, are introduced. Various power electronics–based interface systems for battery and ultracapacitor charging and discharging are presented. Finally, applications of ESSs for the utility power grid, including renewable firming, power shifting, and ancillary services, are discussed.
Table S1 from RNF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway via Ubiquitination of TLE3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinicopathological features of CRC patients&lt;/p&gt;
Hybrid HVDC breaker - Technology and applications in point-to-point connections and DC grids (2014)

SUMMARY This paper presents the Hybrid HVDC breaker concept and the achievements in its implementation. HVDC breakers are essential building blocks for selective protection and thus system stability in HVDC networks. If an HVDC grid is built without fast-acting breakers capable of interrupting and isolating DC faults, the DC system voltage will quickly collapse in the event of a fault and the effects of the fault will propagate very quickly throughout the network due to low impedance of the DC network. Beyond enabling DC grids, HVDC breakers can improve the stability and availability of AC grids connected to point-to-point HVDC transmission systems. In case of DC failures, the converter stations can be quickly isolated from the faulty DC side, thus continuing to stabilize the AC grid by generating or absorbing reactive power. This paper contains a detailed description of the Hybrid HVDC breaker, its control and design principles with focus on reliability. The results from functionality and failure tests on the prototype will be presented. The paper also summarizes the test results of its main components such as the semiconductor modules and the ultra-fast disconnector. The results show that the Hybrid HVDC breaker is a feasible concept ready to be used in future HVDC systems. Through a sectionalized design using breaker cells a controlled current limitation as well as dc-voltage post-fault recovery is demonstrated. The handling of dc-faults in point-to-point dc-overhead line transmission is discussed enabling fast fault clearing action while providing continuous reactive power support. The HVDCbreaker thereby significantly boosts the capability and functionality of dc-circuit protection in order to enable a flexible future expansion of point-to-point transmission into multi-terminal or meshed configuration.
Photo-induced degradation and stability in semiconductor devices (1987)

A new theory for the structure and electronic properties of disordered systems is briefly reviewed, particularly with regard to its application to amorphous silicon alloys. We then consider the case of nonequilibrium free‐carrier concentrations. A model for the observed photo‐induced effects in amorphous silicon alloys is proposed. The model is consistent with a wide array of experimental data and suggests several techniques for the control and elimination of photogenerated defect formation in amorphous semiconductors.
SEMA6A/RhoA/YAP Axis Mediates Tumor-Stroma Interactions and Prevents Response to Dual BRAF/MEK Inhibition in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma (2021)

Abstract Background: Despite the promise of dual BRAF/MEK inhibition as a therapy for BRAF-mutant (BRAF-mut) melanoma, heterogeneous responses have been observed in patients, thus predictors of benefit from therapy are needed. We have previously identified semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) as a BRAF-mut-associated protein involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The purpose of the present study is to dissect the role of SEMA6A in the biology of BRAF-mut melanoma, and to explore its predictive potential towards dual BRAF/MEK inhibition. Methods: SEMA6A expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in melanoma cohort RECI1 (N=112) and its prognostic potential was investigated in BRAF-mut melanoma patients from DFCI and TCGA datasets (N=258). The molecular mechanisms regulated by SEMA6A to sustain tumor aggressiveness and targeted therapy resistance were investigated in vitro by using BRAF-mut and BRAF-wt melanoma cell lines, an inducible SEMA6A silencing cell model and a microenvironment-mimicking fibroblasts-coculturing model. Finally, SEMA6A prediction of benefit from dual BRAF/MEK inhibition was investigated in melanoma cohort RECI2 (N=14). Results: Our results indicate higher protein expression of SEMA6A in BRAF-mut compared with BRAF-wt melanoma patients and show that SEMA6A is a prognostic indicator in BRAF-mut melanoma from TCGA and DFCI patients cohorts. In BRAF-mut melanoma cells, SEMA6A coordinates actin cytoskeleton remodeling by the RhoA-dependent activation of YAP and dual BRAF/MEK inhibition by dabrafenib+trametinib induces SEMA6A/RhoA/YAP axis. In microenvironment-mimicking co-culture condition, fibroblasts confer to melanoma cells a proliferative stimulus and protect them from targeted therapies, whereas SEMA6A depletion rescues the efficacy of dual BRAF/MEK inhibition. Finally, in BRAF-mut melanoma patients treated with dabrafenib+trametinib, high SEMA6A predicts shorter recurrence-free interval. Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate that SEMA6A contributes to microenvironment-coordinated evasion of melanoma cells from dual BRAF/MEK inhibition and it might be a good candidate predictor of short-term benefit from dual BRAF/MEK inhibition.
Cloning and Characterization of a Wortmannin-sensitive Human Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase (1997)

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-kinases catalyze the synthesis of PtdIns-4-P, the immediate precursor of PtdIns-4,5-P2. Here we report the cloning of a novel, ubiquitously expressed PtdIns 4-kinase (PI4Kbeta). The 2.4-kilobase pair cDNA encodes a putative translation product of 801 amino acids which shows greatest homology to the yeast PIK1 gene. The recombinant protein exhibits lipid kinase activity when expressed in Escherichia coli, and specific antibodies recognize a 110-kDa PtdIns 4-kinase in cell lysates. The biochemical properties of PI4Kbeta are characteristic of a type III enzyme. Interestingly, both recombinant PI4Kbeta and the endogenous protein are inhibited by 150 nM wortmannin, suggesting that we have cloned the previously described PtdIns 4-kinase that is responsible for regulating the synthesis of agonist-sensitive pools of polyphosphoinositides (Nakanishi, S., Catt, J. K., and Balla, T. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 5317-5321).