gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide MicroRNA Expression Profiles in COPD: Early Predictors for Cancer Development (2018)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. Biomarker studies frequently follow a case-control set-up in which patients diagnosed with a disease are compared to controls. Longitudinal cohort studies such as the COPD-centered German COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork (COSYCONET) study provide the patient and biomaterial base for discovering predictive molecular markers. We asked whether microRNA (miRNA) profiles in blood collected from COPD patients prior to a tumor diagnosis could support an early diagnosis of tumor development independent of the tumor type. From 2741 participants of COSYCONET diagnosed with COPD, we selected 534 individuals including 33 patients who developed cancer during the follow-up period of 54 months and 501 patients who did not develop cancer, but had similar age, gender and smoking history. Genome-wide miRNA profiles were generated and evaluated using machine learning techniques. For patients developing cancer we identified nine miRNAs with significantly decreased abundance (two-tailed unpaired t-test adjusted for multiple testing P < 0.05), including members of the miR-320 family. The identified miRNAs regulate different cancer-related pathways including the MAPK pathway (P = 2.3 × 10<sup>-5</sup>). We also observed the impact of confounding factors on the generated miRNA profiles, underlining the value of our matched analysis. For selected miRNAs, qRT-PCR analysis was applied to validate the results. In conclusion, we identified several miRNAs in blood of COPD patients, which could serve as candidates for biomarkers to help identify COPD patients at risk of developing cancer.
Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin hydrogel therapy recovers postmenopausal osteoporosis through bone regeneration (2018)

We investigated therapeutic potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) subcutaneously delivered to ovariectomized (OVX) mice for developing more safe and effective therapy for osteoporosis. TMSC were isolated from tonsil tissues of children undergoing tonsillectomy, and TMSC-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid hydrogel (TMSC-GHH) or TMSC alone were delivered subcutaneously to the dorsa of OVX mice. After 3 months, three-dimensionally reconstructed micro-computed tomographic images revealed better recovery of the femoral heads in OVX mice treated with TMSC-GHH. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were also recovered, indicating bone formation only in TMSC-GHH-treated mice, and absence in hypercalcemia or other severe macroscopic deformities showed biocompatibility of TMSC-GHH. Additionally, visceral fat reduction effects by TMSC-GHH further supported their therapeutic potential. TMSC provided therapeutic benefits toward osteoporosis only when embedded in GHH, and showed potential as a supplement or alternative to current therapies.
Low-driving-voltage and colour-stable white organic light-emitting diodes with a cross-patterned multi-emissive layer (2011)

Abstract We have applied a simple cross-patterning technique for the fabrication of phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with red, green and blue (RGB) emitters; the resulting device has relatively low driving voltage and high colour stability. The selectively cross-patterned multicolour emitting layer (EML) was easily prepared using a metal mask without an alignment process. Not only was the characteristic of low driving voltage obtained but also of improved colour stability, which can be ascribed to the simplified stack of the EML and the corresponding suppression of the biased shift in the recombination zone. The spatial distribution and variation of the stacked EML structure could explain the origin of the robust white emission. Compared with the conventional WOLED with a RGB simple stack, the cross-patterned multi-EML device showed a slight change in colour coordinates in the luminance range 100–8000 cd m −2 , with a decrease in the driving voltage of 0.5–2.0 V, while the luminous efficiency was maintained.
Progress in Antisense Therapeutics Discovery and Development (2007)

Progress in the discovery and development of antisense therapeutics continues at a rapid pace. Detailed understanding of the pharmacokinetic, toxicological and pharmacological properties of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides is now available. Further, an ever-increasing body of information is available about new and improved chemical classes of antisense drugs that are progressing toward clinical trials.
Active Terahertz Chiral Metamaterials Based on Phase Transition of Vanadium Dioxide (VO2) (2018)

Compared with natural materials, chiral metamaterials have been demonstrated with orders of magnitude stronger chiroptical response, which provides the basis for applications such as ultracompact polarization components and plasmonic-enhanced biosensing. Terahertz chiral metamaterials that allow dynamic polarization control of terahertz waves are of great practical interest, but remain extremely rare. Here, we show that hybrid metamaterials integrated with vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) exhibiting phase transition can enable dynamically tunable chiroptical responses at terahertz frequencies. In particular, a circular dichroism of ~40° and a maximum polarization rotation of ~200°/λ are observed around 0.7 THz. Furthermore, our study also reveals that the chiroptical response from the proposed metamaterials is strongly dependent on the phase transition of VO<sub>2</sub>, leading to actively controllable polarization states of the transmitted terahertz waves. This work paves the way for the development of terahertz metadevices capable of enabling active polarization manipulation.
Tap-hole monitoring technologies (2016)

Electric arc smelting furnaces contain highly intensive processes to smelt the charge and retrieve the metal content. The challenge with the furnace is to keep the molten material and the slag safely contained inside the crucible, and this requires plant staff to monitor and maintain the furnace and associated equipment very carefully. The tap-block is the fastest wearing component of the furnace and as a result requires a maintenance programme. The aim of the technologies described in this paper is to obtain reliable measurements from the harsh environment inside and around the furnace and to interpret the measurement data so that the plant staff can make informed decisions early enough to maintain safe and reliable operation of tap-blocks.
AN INDIRECT ELISA TO DETECT THE SEROLOGIC RESPONSE OF ELK (CERVUS ELAPHUS NELSONI) INOCULATED WITH BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN RB51 (2002)

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to identify elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51)-specific antibodies using a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for bovine IgG1. This test was relatively easy to perform, accurate, and easily reproducible; therefore it could be standardized for use between laboratories. In addition, we attempted to compensate for inherent variabilities encountered when comparing ELISA readings from multiple samples taken from many animals over time. Optical density (OD) readings for each sample were converted into a percent positivity value for analysis. A negative cutoff value was determined above which a sample was considered to have a significantly elevated anti-RB51 antibody level. Pre- and postvaccination sera from 64 6-8 mo old elk, divided into four groups (females subcutaneously inoculated with saline (control animals), females ballistically inoculated with RB51, females subcutaneously inoculated with RB51, and males subcutaneously inoculated with RB51) were used. All serum samples were collected between 27 April and 15 November 1995. Values for all saline controls were appropriately below the negative cutoff value. All subcutaneously and ballistically inoculated elk were serologically positive to RB51 for at least two sampling periods during the study. The difference in percent positivity values for the ballistically compared to the subcutaneously inoculated groups was not statistically significant at 8, 10, 14, or 18 wk postvaccination. This suggests that processing RB51 into lactose based pellets and ballistically inoculating elk with these pellets does not alter the detectable elk antibody response. Also, inoculated and control animals can be accurately identified with ELISA at 4-8 weeks postvaccination.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Solid Supports for the Preparation of 3′‐Derivatized Oligonucleotides: Introduction of 3′‐Alkylphosphate Tether Groups Bearing Amino, Carboxy, Carboxamido, and Mercapto Functionalities (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relationship between atrial scar on cardiac magnetic resonance and pulmonary vein reconnection after catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (2019)

PV reconnection is extremely frequent after PVI. CMR scar imaging accurately predicts its extent, but poorly predicts its location. Multielectrode circular catheters induce more complete ablation.
Home Energy Management Using Fuzzy Logic (2023)

Fuzzy logic is a new way of computing so that more content can be examined on a computer. A computer that has all its knowledge in terms of two numbers, zero and one, cannot show flexibility. Fuzzy logic, which is now part of artificial intelligence systems, can have many applications. Fuzzy logic system controls energy sources and helps to reduce energy consumption. This paper a novel study to understand the use of the fuzzy logic system in daily life. Therefore, we are propose a new framework using fuzzy logic that controls the house lighting and home temperature intelligently to make an environment with lesser amount of greenhouse gases and energy consumption.
A University Consortium on Efficient and Clean High Pressure Lean Burn (HPLB) Engines (2013)

The recent spike in fuel prices has sharply focused attention on improving fuel economy of power plants for transportation, particularly for the gasoline passenger car engine. Shaped by a number of constraints, some engineering in nature, some economic, and some environmental, the spark ignition gasoline engine currently provides lower than optimal fuel economy. In view of the changed world situation it is imperative to consider all reasonable measures to go beyond the current efficiency levels. The programmatic needs of DOE EERE call for a 20-40% improvement in fuel economy in a light-duty vehicle with dramatically lower emissions. Achieving such breakthrough efficiencies in an engine system is a very challenging objective. The combination of lean burn, high pressure (resulting from a high compression ratio and/or boost), unthrottled operation in a stratified charge, highly dilute combustion system points to a promising pathway for attaining these objectives. The goal of the proposed work is to explore new areas and regimes of combustion that can enable future gasoline engines with 20-40% improved fuel economy.
Synthesis, cytotoxic and antiviral activity of uracils containing 5-(1-hydroxy-2-haloethyl)- and 5-(1-methoxy-2-haloethyl) substituents. (1989)

5-(1-Hydroxy-2-haloethyl)- (4), 5-(1-methoxy-2-haloethyl)- (5) and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)uracils (6) (see Figure 2 for structures) were synthesized to investigate the effect of the C-5 substituents on cytotoxic and antiviral activity. The bromo compounds (4b and 5b) exhibited greater cytotoxic activity than the chloro or iodo analogues in the in vitro L1210 assay. Replacement of the hydroxyl substituent of 4b (bromo) and 4c (iodo) by a methoxyl substituent (5b-c), or substitution of their halogen substituents by methoxyl (providing 6) increased the potency. However, the cytotoxic activity of all the compounds was weak, the most active (6) producing a 45% decrease in cell survival at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml, as compared with a 97% decrease when the reference standard (melphalan) was tested at 1 microgram/ml. They were inactive antiviral agents against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected Vero cells at 10 micrograms/ml; in the same test, the reference standard (acyclovir) exhibited an ID50 of 0.01 micrograms/ml.
Front Matter: Volume 7681 (2010)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7681, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.
Laser keyhole welding of stainless steel thin plate stack for applications in fuel cell manufacturing (2015)

An investigation based on both experimental and numerical approaches is presented in this paper on laser keyhole welding processes to join stacks consisting of multiple stainless steel plates. The welding parameters are shown to be decisive factors for weld penetration depth and welding productivity. The cooling rate varies with welding parameters and the location of solidification sites, and it directly determines the primary dendrite arm spacing for the columnar dendrites inside the weld zone. The joint fails in coach peel tests when the loading pressure is 93.4 MPa, and the fracture surface shows a mixed brittle and ductile mode. The corrosion resistance of the weld to the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell working environment is comparable to that of the substrate.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of the Conjugated Bridging Ligand Tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘-c:3‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-h:2‘ ‘‘,3‘ ‘‘-j]phenazine (tpphz) and a Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex (2003)

We have synthesized a fully conjugated aromatic bridging ligand, tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2' ",3'"-j]phenazine (tpphz), and a dinuclear ruthenium complex using Hematin as a biocatalyst.
A Practical-Time Attack on the A5/3 Cryptosystem Used in Third Generation GSM Telephony. (2010)

The privacy of most GSM phone conversations is currently protected by the 20+ years old A5/1 and A5/2 stream ciphers, which were repeatedly shown to be cryptographically weak. They will soon be replaced in third generation networks by a new A5/3 block cipher called KASUMI, which is a modified version of the MISTY cryptosystem. In this paper we describe a new type of attack called a sandwich attack, and use it to construct a simple distinguisher for 7 of the 8 rounds of KASUMI with an amazingly high probability of 2. By using this distinguisher and analyzing the single remaining round, we can derive the complete 128 bit key of the full KASUMI by using only 4 related keys, 2 data, 2 bytes of memory, and 2 time. These complexities are so small that we have actually simulated the attack in less than two hours on a single PC, and experimentally verified its correctness and complexity. Interestingly, neither our technique nor any other published attack can break MISTY in less than the 2 complexity of exhaustive search, which indicates that the changes made by the GSM Association in moving from MISTY to KASUMI resulted in a much weaker cryptosystem.
Predicted and measured structural intensities in the lexan and aluminum INCE standard ribbed panels (2000)

Comparisons of predicted and measured structural intensities in vibrating lexan and aluminum ribbed panels are made. Structural intensities are predicted using finite-element models composed of plates and beams and the McPOW (mechanical power) software. Wave decomposition methods were used to estimate bending wave intensities by postprocessing velocity fields on the lexan and aluminum ribbed panels measured using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). Each panel was driven at one rib with a point drive and suspended with soft springs to simulate free boundary conditions. Intensity fields are compared for each panel’s (7,2) mode. The intensity fields are normalized by the power input to the panels by the point drive. The predicted intensity fields for both panels, when normalized by the power input, are nearly identical. The measured intensity fields are similar to each other and to the predicted fields, but show some differences. The discrepancies are due to measurement uncertainties and manufacturing differences. The results help mutually validate the prediction and measurement approaches.
Optimum Aerodynamic Design of Centrifugal Compressor using a Genetic Algorithm and an Inverse Method based on Meridional Viscous Flow Analysis (2017)

International audience
Self calibration of sensorless adaptive optical microscopes (2011)

We present a self-calibrating scheme for microscopes using model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics. Unlike previous methods, this scheme permits the calibration of system aberration modes without the need for a separate wavefront sensor or interferometer. Basis modes are derived from the deformable mirror influence functions and an image cross-correlation method is used to remove image displacement effects from these modes. Image based measurements are used to derive an optimum modal representation from the displacement-free basis modes. These new modes are insensitive to system misalignments and the shape of the illumination profile. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of these optimal modes in a third harmonic generation (THG) microscope.
Emerging Therapies: Spectrum of Applications of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy (2000)

Abstract This article focuses on the recent dramatic advances in the applications of monoclonal antibody therapy to hematopoietic and neoplastic disease. The increase in the understanding of the role of growth factors and their receptors in the pathogenesis of malignancy and other undesirable hematological events taken in conjunction with the ability to produce humanized chimeric monoclonal antibodies to these targets is providing a new perspective for the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma and breast cancer, autoimmune disease and for prevention of ischemic complications. Dr. Waldmann describes approaches targeting the Her2/neu and the II-2/IL-15 receptor systems. The Her2/neu receptor is overexpressed in select breast, ovarian, gastric and pancreatic neoplasms. The use of trastuzumab (Herceptin) in the treatment of patients with breast cancer whose tumors overexpress this receptor are reviewed. The IL-2 receptor (Tac) is expressed on select malignant cells (adult T cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia) and activated T cells involved in autoimmune disease and organ rejection. Humanized anti-Tac alone (daclizumab, Zenapax) or armed with toxins or radionuclides have been used successfully in the treatment of leukemia. Dr. Levy updates the experience with rituximab targeting CD20 on B cell lymphomas and reviews the antibodies to CD3, CD22, CD33, CD52, HLA-DR β chain and HLA-D currently in or proposed for clinical trials, including radiolabelled antibodies. In the last section, Dr. Coller reviews the therapeutic results achieved with abciximab (ReoPro), an antagonist of platelet receptor GPIIbIIIa for the prevention of restenosis in percutaneous coronary interventions and the treatment of unstable angina. The mechanism of action, pharmacology and safety and efficacy of abciximab are reviewed.
Does Capital Control Policy Affect Real Exchange Rate Volatility? A Novel Approach Using Propensity Score Matching (2008)

Propensity score matching is a statistical technique recently introduced in the field of \neconomics, which researchers use to assess the treatment effect of policy initiatives. In this study I use propensity score matching to analyze the treatment effect of capital control policy on real exchange rate volatility. I find the treatment effect of adopting relatively liberal capital controls is a decrease in real exchange rate volatility. This is the first empirical study \nto provide insight into the causal relationship between capital controls and real exchange rates, which may be crucial to macroeconomic policy decisions for emerging economies such as China.
Auricular Vagus Neuromodulation—A Systematic Review on Quality of Evidence and Clinical Effects (2021)

<b>Background:</b> The auricular branch of the vagus nerve runs superficially, which makes it a favorable target for non-invasive stimulation techniques to modulate vagal activity. For this reason, there have been many early-stage clinical trials on a diverse range of conditions. These trials often report conflicting results for the same indication. <b>Methods:</b> Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool we conducted a systematic review of auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to identify the factors that led to these conflicting results. The majority of aVNS studies were assessed as having "some" or "high" risk of bias, which makes it difficult to interpret their results in a broader context. <b>Results:</b> There is evidence of a modest decrease in heart rate during higher stimulation dosages, sometimes at above the level of sensory discomfort. Findings on heart rate variability conflict between studies and are hindered by trial design, including inappropriate washout periods, and multiple methods used to quantify heart rate variability. There is early-stage evidence to suggest aVNS may reduce circulating levels and endotoxin-induced levels of inflammatory markers. Studies on epilepsy reached primary endpoints similar to previous RCTs testing implantable vagus nerve stimulation therapy. Preliminary evidence shows that aVNS ameliorated pathological pain but not evoked pain. <b>Discussion:</b> Based on results of the Cochrane analysis we list common improvements for the reporting of results, which can be implemented immediately to improve the quality of evidence. In the long term, existing data from aVNS studies and salient lessons from drug development highlight the need for direct measures of local neural target engagement. Direct measures of neural activity around the electrode will provide data for the optimization of electrode design, placement, and stimulation waveform parameters to improve on-target engagement and minimize off-target activation. Furthermore, direct measures of target engagement, along with consistent evaluation of blinding success, must be used to improve the design of controls-a major source of concern identified in the Cochrane analysis. The need for direct measures of neural target engagement and consistent evaluation of blinding success is applicable to the development of other paresthesia-inducing neuromodulation therapies and their control designs.
Entry‐into‐humans study with ACT‐462206, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, comparing its pharmacodynamics with almorexant (2014)

A double-blind, placebo- and active comparator-controlled, randomized, single-ascending-dose study was conducted to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ACT-462206, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist. Healthy male subjects received single oral doses of 5, 25, 100, 200, 400, 1,000, and 1,500 mg ACT-462206 (n = 6 per group) or placebo (n = 2 per group). In addition, subjects in the 400-mg group received a single oral dose of 400 mg almorexant (two-way crossover). ACT-462206 was generally well tolerated. Sleepiness, headache, and fatigue were the most frequently reported adverse events. The incidence of sleepiness appeared dose-dependent. ACT-462206 was absorbed with a median tmax of 1.5-4.0 hours. The elimination half-life varied from 4.8 to 11.2 hours. A clinically relevant reduction in vigilance and attention, alertness, and motor coordination was recorded at ACT-462206 doses ≥200 mg. The onset was between 20 and 45 minutes after drug intake, the maximum effect between 1 and 2 hours after drug administration, and these impairing effects largely disappeared within 8 hours post-dose. Doses of 400-1,000 mg ACT-462206 were similarly efficacious to 400 mg almorexant, with a trend for an earlier onset of action with ACT-462206. The present results confirm the activity of ACT-462206 as an orexin antagonist.