gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrarobust Biochips with Metal–Organic Framework Coating for Point-of-Care Diagnosis (2018)

Most biosensors relying on antibodies as recognition elements fail in harsh environment conditions such as elevated temperatures, organic solvents, or proteases because of antibody denaturation, and require strict storage conditions with defined shelf life, thus limiting their applications in point-of-care and resource-limited settings. Here, a metal-organic framework (MOF) encapsulation is utilized to preserve the biofunctionality of antibodies conjugated to nanotransducers. This study investigates several parameters of MOF coating (including growth time, surface morphology, thickness, and precursor concentrations) that determine the preservation efficacy against different protein denaturing conditions in both dry and wet environments. A plasmonic biosensor based on gold nanorods as the nanotransducers is employed as a model biodiagnostic platform. The preservation efficacy attained through MOF encapsulation is compared to two other commonly employed materials (sucrose and silk fibroin). The results show that MOF coating outperforms sucrose and silk fibroin coatings under several harsh conditions including high temperature (80 °C), dimethylformamide, and protease solution, owing to complete encapsulation, stability in wet environment and ease of removal at point-of-use by the MOF. We believe this study will broaden the applicability of this universal approach for preserving different types of on-chip biodiagnostic reagents and biosensors/bioassays, thus extending the benefits of advanced diagnostic technologies in resource-limited settings.
Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition of Platinum and Palladium Directed by Monolayers Patterned Using Microcontact Printing (1997)

High-purity platinum and palladium thin films can be deposited selectively by combining microcontact printing (μCP) and metal−organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Printed patterns of octadecyltrichlorosilane thin films are used to direct the selective deposition of the metallic thin films from bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)platinum(II), Pt(hfac)2, and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)palladium(II), Pd(hfac)2, in the presence of hydrogen. This process has been used successfully to fabricate Pt and Pd patterns on substrates such as titanium nitride, indium tin oxide, silicon dioxide, and sapphire. Features with sizes as small as 1.5 μm have been deposited by this combined μCP−MOCVD method. The Pt and Pd films were found to be free of detectable impurities, as measured by X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopies. Grain sizes in the deposits can also be varied. We found, for example, that the Pt film growth process yields heavily faceted deposits whose habits depend strongly on the temperature of the substrate during processing. Addition of water vapor to the reactor feed during platinum chemical vapor deposition increased the number of nucleation sites, thus reducing the grain size, but did not otherwise affect the deposition rate to a significant degree. We describe in this report how this photolithography-free process might simplify the patterning of metal and other thin films of interest in integrated circuit fabrication.
Uniform wafer-scale synthesis of graphene on evaporated Cu (111) film\n with quality comparable to exfoliated monolayer (2012)

Monolayer graphene has been grown on crystallized Cu (111) films on standard\noxidized Si 100 mm wafers. The monolayer graphene demonstrates high uniformity\n(&gt;97% coverage), with immeasurable defects (&gt;95% defect-negligible) across the\nentire wafer. Key to these results is the phase transition of evaporated copper\nfilms from amorphous to crystalline at the growth temperature as corroborated\nby X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Noticeably, phase\ntransition of copper film is observed on technologically ubiquitous oxidized Si\nwafer where the oxide is a standard amorphous thermal oxide. Ion mass\nspectroscopy indicates that the copper films can be purposely hydrogen-enriched\nduring a hydrogen anneal which subsequently affords graphene growth with a sole\ncarbonaceous precursor for low defect densities. Owing to the strong hexagonal\nlattice match, the graphene domains align to the Cu (111) domains, suggesting a\npathway for increasing the graphene grains by maximizing the copper grain\nsizes. Fabricated graphene transistors on a flexible polyimide film yield a\npeak carrier mobility ~4,930 cm2/Vs.\n
<title>Oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, quantum dots, and the Purcell effect: can scaling the mode size improve laser performance?</title> (1999)

The development of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) has led to new types of low power, high efficiency light sources for data communication. The small size, low power, and surface-normal emission of VCSELs has enabled relatively dense 2D arrays for highly parallel data communication and optical signal processing. In this paper we examine the issues of device scaling volume down to minimum sized dimensions, and what device schemes may be required to obtain the scaling. Laser rate equations are used to show that when the VCSEL mode volume is reduce to wavelength cubed dimensions, a significant improvement in modulation speed is predicted based on the radiative lifetime change due to the Purcell effect. However, several parasitic effects must be controlled in order to realize these benefits. Most important are control of the optical loss due to diffraction or scattering, and control of the electronic losses due to carrier diffusion and surface effects. Novel optical confinement schemes based on oxide- apertures, photonic bandgaps, and/or closely coupled 2D arrays may be useful for controlling optical loss, while self-assembled quantum dots are attractive for controlling electronic diffusion to dimensions within the minimum optical mode volume.
Holographic optical processing elements for digital processing and interconnection. 2: multiprocessor computing system (1991)

We present an optical digital processor system containing an array of processing elements. Each processing element is capable of executing arithmetic, logic and interconnect operations. To provide fast execution speed, we use the lookup-table approach. Results of operations are precalculated and stored in truth tables. To record a set of lookup-tables, a modified dual-rail spatial encoding method is used. The truth-tables are recorded in a novel holographic content-addressable memory. To implement a large number of processing elements, a spatially multiplexed hologram was used.
EFFECTS OF MALATHION METABOLITES ON DEGRANULATION OF AND MEDIATOR RELEASE BY HUMAN AND RAT BASOPHILIC CELLS (1997)

In the present study, the effects of malathion and malathion derivatives on histamine and beta-hexosaminidase release by RBL-1 cells, rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC), and human peripheral blood basophils (HPBB) and cutaneous mast calls were examined. One hour of incubation of RBL-1 cells with all organophosphate compounds tested, except for malathion and malathion monoacid, led to an increase in histamine release. beta-Hexosaminidase, an enzyme released by basophilic cells and a biochemical marker of degranulation, was not released from RBL-1 cells after 1 h of exposure to organophosphate compounds. Within 4 h, all compounds tested increased the release of histamine and beta-hexosaminidase. Longer exposures led to a decrease in the concentration of the compound that was required to cause mediator release. Exposure of RPMC to organophosphate compounds, with the exception of malathion monoacid and malathion (30 min) or malathion monoacid (1 h), led to the release of histamine, but not beta-hexosaminidase. Incubation of HPBB with malaoxon (51.4 +/- 2.8% total histamine released), malathion diacid (25.7 +/- 2.9%), beta-malathion monoacid (31.4 +/- 2.8%), and isomalathion (57.1 +/- 17.1%) for 1 h led to the release of histamine. Only malaoxon and isomalathion caused beta-hexosaminidase release from HPBB after a 1-h incubation. Incubation of cutaneous mast cells with malaoxon and beta-monoacid for 4 h led to increased release of histamine and beta-hexosaminidase at levels comparable to compound 48/80. These data suggest that malathion metabolites can cause rapid release of histamine from basophilic cells from a variety of origins and species. With prolonged incubation, malathion itself caused the release of mast-cell mediators, suggesting that the cells may be capable of metabolizing malathion. These data also indicate a disparity between the release kinetics of two different mast-cell mediators contained in granules by organophosphates, and that there are different mechanisms of mediator release.
Search for a Charged Higgs Boson Produced in the Vector-Boson Fusion Mode with DecayH±→W±ZusingppCollisions ats=8  TeVwith the ATLAS Experiment (2015)

A search for a charged Higgs boson, H(±), decaying to a W(±) boson and a Z boson is presented. The search is based on 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The H(±) boson is assumed to be produced via vector-boson fusion and the decays W(±)→qq' and Z→e(+)e(-)/μ(+)μ(-) are considered. The search is performed in a range of charged Higgs boson masses from 200 to 1000 GeV. No evidence for the production of an H(±) boson is observed. Upper limits of 31-1020 fb at 95% C.L. are placed on the cross section for vector-boson fusion production of an H(±) boson times its branching fraction to W(±)Z. The limits are compared with predictions from the Georgi-Machacek Higgs triplet model.
The root bark of Morus alba L. regulates tumor‐associated macrophages by blocking recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages (2020)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor growth and metastasis, and are closely related with poor prognosis of cancers. Therefore, TAMs have been an attractive target in cancer therapy. This study investigated whether the root bark of Morus alba L. (MA) regulates TAMs. Methylene chloride extract of MA (MEMA) decreased the migration of RAW264.7 cells and THP-1 macrophages toward cancer cells via inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and Src activity. In addition, MEMA inhibited the phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from cancer cells, leading to the decreased chemotaxis of macrophages. Finally, MEMA-suppressed M2 macrophage polarization induced by interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 or IL-6. MEMA downregulated the mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers and decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 and STAT3 in RAW264.7 cells. Suppression of M2 polarization of macrophages by MEMA resulted in the reduced migration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells when the conditioned media from RAW264.7 cells was used as a chemoattractant. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MEMA regulates TAMs by blocking the recruitment of macrophages into tumor microenvironments and by inhibiting M2 polarization of macrophages.
Synthetic Studies of the Flavone Derivatives. VI. The Synthesis of Skullcapflavone I, II and Related Flavones (1979)

5, 2'-Dihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxyflavone (I), 5, 2'-dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone (II), 5, 2'-dihydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxyflavone (III), and 5, 2'-dihydroxy-6, 7, 8, 6'-tetramethoxyflavone (IV) were prepared in order to confirm the proposed structures for skullcapflavone I and II isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI. The structure of IV was identified with that of skullcapflavone II, but the spectral properties of skullcapflavone I were different from those of I or III, being coincident with those of II. Therefore the structure of skullcapflavone I should be corrected to II. The generalization of cyclization of 2'-benzyloxy-dibenzoylmethanes, which are the precursors of 2'-hydroxyflavones, in the presence of conc. H2SO4, was also considered.
Two Years of Treatment With Dehydroepiandrosterone Does Not Improve Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, or Postprandial Glucose Turnover in Elderly Men or Women (2007)

To determine if dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement improves insulin secretion, insulin action, and/or postprandial glucose metabolism, 112 elderly subjects with relative DHEA deficiency ingested a labeled mixed meal and underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test before and after 2 years of either DHEA or placebo. Despite restoring DHEA sulphate concentrations to values observed in young men and women, the changes over time in fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, meal appearance, glucose disposal, and endogenous glucose production were identical to those observed after 2 years of placebo. The change over time in postmeal and intravenous glucose tolerance test insulin and C-peptide concentrations did not differ in men treated with DHEA or placebo. In contrast, postmeal and intravenous glucose tolerance test change over time in insulin and C-peptide concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in women after DHEA than after placebo. However, since DHEA tended to decrease insulin action, the change over time in disposition indexes did not differ between DHEA- and placebo-treated women, indicating that the slight increase in insulin secretion was a compensatory response to a slight decrease in insulin action. We conclude that 2 years of replacement of DHEA in elderly men and women does not improve insulin secretion, insulin action, or the pattern of postprandial glucose metabolism.
Molecular pathogenesis and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infections (2009)

Click to launch & play an online audio visual presentation by Prof. Olaf Schneewind on Molecular pathogenesis and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infections, part of a collection of multimedia lectures.
Effect of ${\rm Ca}^{2+}$ Co-Doping on the Scintillation Kinetics of Ce Doped ${\rm Gd}_{3}{\rm Ga}_{3}{\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{12}$ (2014)

The temperature dependence of scintillation decay and rise time was measured for GGAG:Ce and Ca-codoped GGAG:Ce crystals in the temperature range of 10 K to 400 K. The decay and rise times were found to increase with decreasing temperature in the case of GGAG:Ce crystals, while Ca codoping modifies the kinetics such that decay and rise times are constant with the change in temperature. In order to obtain a better understanding of the role of trap centers in the temperature dependence of scintillation kinetics, spectrally resolved thermoluminescence (TL) properties were also studied for these crystals.
Direct Laser Writing of 3D Gratings and Diffraction Optics (2015)

We fabricate 3D gratings and diffraction optics using direct laser writing. Diffraction patterns of gratings agree with Laue theory. We demonstrate zone plates for visible wavelengths. Direct laser writing is promising for integrated diffraction optics.
Fair Optimization of Video Streaming Quality of Experience in LTE Networks Using Distributed Antenna Systems and Radio Resource Management (2014)

Network quality of experience (QoE) metrics are proposed in order to capture the overall performance of radio resource management (RRM) algorithms in terms of video quality perceived by the end users. Metrics corresponding to average, geometric mean, and minimum QoE in the network are measured when Max C/I, proportional fair, and Max-Min RRM algorithms are implemented in the network. The objective is to ensure a fair QoE for all users in the network. In our study, we investigate both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) directions, and we consider the use of distributed antenna systems (DASs) to enhance the performance. The performance of the various RRM methods in terms of the proposed network QoE metrics is studied in scenarios with and without DAS deployments. Results show that a combination of DAS and fair RRM algorithms can lead to significant and fair QoE enhancements for all the users in the network.
<title>Sensing macromolecules with microelectronics</title> (2002)

Biological macromolecules (such as proteins, DNA, and RNA) are the machinery of biological processes. Sensors enabling quantitative, real-time detection of these objects promise an enhanced understanding and management of disease and illness, with obvious application to medicine and public health. Ideally, these such biosensors would be useable in the field, at medical point of care, or even in vivo, all of which places where sample preparation would be minimal and use of labeling reagents (e.g., fluorescently labeled antibodies) not practical. In a collaboration between the Electronics Science and Technology Division and the Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering we have developed a microelectronic biosensor capable of label-free detection of a variety of biological macromolecules. When fully realized and implemented as elements in an array format, this biosensor may enable low cost, simultaneous, real-time detection of thousands of target macromolecules from small sample volumes (10's of ?liters) or even in vivo. We describe here the construction and performance of an example sensor based on conventional siliconbased technology, as well as future applications.
The blind leading the obese: the molecular pathophysiology of a human obesity syndrome. (2010)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder affecting multiple organ systems and resulting in blindness, obesity, cognitive impairment, and congenital defects. Interest in the etiology of this disorder stems, in part, from the fact that patients with BBS develop common clinical problems, including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Twelve genes independently causing BBS have been identified. The heterogeneity is explained by the existence of two BBS complexes, the BBSome consisting of seven known BBS proteins, and the BBS chaperone complex consisting of three known BBS proteins. The formation of the BBSome requires the function of the BBS chaperone complex. Both mouse and zebrafish data support a role for BBS genes in cilia function, and in intracellular and intraflagellar trafficking. From the work described here, a common primary function of BBS proteins has emerged, specifically the mediation and regulation of microtubule-based intracellular transport.
ChemInform Abstract: The Solution Phase Synthesis of Diketopiperazine Libraries via the Ugi Reaction: Novel Application of Armstrong′s Convertible Isonitrile. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Service level management: A dynamic discovery and optimization approach (2004)

Optimizing configuration parameters for achieving service level objectives is time-consuming and skills-intensive. This paper proposes a generic approach to automating this task. By generic, we mean that the approach is relatively independent of the target system for which the optimization is done. Our approach uses online adjustment of configuration parameters to discover the system's performance characteristics. Doing so creates two challenges: (1) handling interdependencies between configuration parameters and (2) minimizing the deleterious effects on production workload while the optimization is underway. Our approach addresses (1) by including in the architecture a rule-based component that handles interdependencies between configuration parameters. For (2), we use a feedback mechanism for online optimization that searches the parameter space in a way that generally avoids poor performance at intermediate steps. Our studies of a DB2 Universal Database Server under an e-commerce workload indicate that our approach is effective in practice.
Hierarchical Architecture and Coherence of Cores in Multi-core Iron Oxide Nanoflowers Investigated by Correlative Multiscale Transmission Electron Microscopy (2023)

Journal Article Hierarchical Architecture and Coherence of Cores in Multi-core Iron Oxide Nanoflowers Investigated by Correlative Multiscale Transmission Electron Microscopy Get access Stefan Neumann, Stefan Neumann Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany Corresponding author: St.Neumann@iww.tu-freiberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Laura Kuger, Laura Kuger Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopolds­hafen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Carsten-Rene Arlt, Carsten-Rene Arlt Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopolds­hafen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Matthias Franzreb, Matthias Franzreb Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopolds­hafen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Rafaja David Rafaja Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 29, Issue Supplement_1, 1 August 2023, Page 1985, https://doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1028 Published: 22 July 2023
Neutralising antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant induced by Alhydroxyquim-II-adjuvanted trimeric spike antigens (2021)

ABSTRACT Global control of COVID-19 will require the deployment of vaccines capable of inducing long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this report, we describe an adjuvanted subunit candidate vaccine that affords elevated, sustained and cross-variant SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies (NAbs) in multiple animal models. Alhydroxiquim-II is a TLR7/8 small-molecule agonist chemisorbed on aluminium hydroxide. Vaccination with Alhydroxiquim-II combined with a stabilized, trimeric form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (termed CoVac-II) resulted in high-titre NAbs in mice, with no decay in responses over an 8-month period. NAbs from sera of CoVac-II-immunized mice, horses and rabbits were broadly neutralising against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Boosting long-term CoVac-II-immunized mice with adjuvanted spike protein from the Beta variant markedly increased levels of NAb titres against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants; notably high titres against the Delta variant were observed. These data strongly support the clinical assessment of Alhydroxiquim-II-adjuvanted spike proteins to protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.