gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Which Vertical Search Engines are Relevant? Understanding Vertical Relevance Assessments for Web Queries (2013)

Aggregating search results from a variety of heterogeneous sources, so-called verticals, such as news, image and video, into a single interface is a popular paradigm in web search. Current approaches that evaluate the effectiveness of aggregated search systems are based on rewarding systems that return highly relevant verticals for a given query, where this relevance is assessed under different assumptions. It is difficult to evaluate or compare those systems without fully understanding the relationship between those underlyingassumptions. To addressthis, we presentaformal analysis and asetofextensiveuserstudiestoinvestigatetheeffectsofvarious assumptionsmadefor assessing queryverticalrelevance. A total of more than 20,000 assessments on 44 search tasks across 11 verticals are collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk and subsequently analysed. Our results provide insights into various aspects of query vertical relevance and allow us to explain in more depth as well as questioning the evaluation results published in the literature.
Expression of the APC tumor suppressor protein in oligodendroglia (1996)

Mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene have been linked to familial polyposis, an inherited predisposition to colon cancer, and a high percentage of sporadic colon adenomas. Although this gene is best known for its role in development of bowel neoplasms, in recent studies we have found that APC mRNA levels are greatly enriched in brain compared with peripheral tissues. To help define its role in the nervous system, in this study we have determined its cellular localization immunohistochemically in adult rat brain sections and have detected intense APC immunoreactivity in oligodendrocytes. Since prominent APC immunostaining is detected in cell bodies of mature oligodendrocytes, these antibodies may provide a useful addition to available oligodendrocyte markers. Although the cellular function of APC remains undefined, previous biochemical studies have demonstrated that APC is associated with catenins, cytoplasmic proteins involved in regulating cell-cell adhesion. We propose that, in addition to its critical role in ensuring normal maturation of colonic epithelial cells, the APC tumor suppressor protein also regulates the adhesive properties of oligodendrocytes. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Hepatic Tumors Is a Predictor of Survival and Progression in Patients With Resectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2003)

TS levels in hepatic tumors and resection margin are independent predictors of survival and progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, whereas p53 and EGFR are not independent predictors. Treatment with HAI + SYS significantly improved the survival profile of TS+ patients.
Amino Acid Changes in Hemagglutinin Contribute to the Replication of Oseltamivir-Resistant H1N1 Influenza Viruses (2011)

Oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in 2007 to 2008 and have subsequently circulated widely. However, prior to 2007 to 2008, viruses possessing the neuraminidase (NA) H274Y mutation, which confers oseltamivir resistance, generally had low growth capability. NA mutations that compensate for the deleterious effect of the NA H274Y mutation have since been identified. Given the importance of the functional balance between hemagglutinin (HA) and NA, we focused on amino acid changes in HA. Reverse genetic analysis showed that a mutation at residue 82, 141, or 189 of the HA protein promotes virus replication in the presence of the NA H274Y mutation. Our findings thus identify HA mutations that contributed to the replacement of the oseltamivir-sensitive viruses of 2007 to 2008.
Effect of Growth Temperature on Fatty Acid Composition of Ten Thermus Strains (1992)

The fatty acid composition of Thermus spp., including T. aquaticus ATCC 25104, T. thermophilus DSM 579, T. flavus DSM 674, and seven wild strains was examined. Organisms were tested at a minimum of either 35, 40, or 45 degrees C and at an optimum of 60 or 70 degrees C. Total fatty acid content per dry weight of cells varied between 1.2 and 3.7%, and the quantity of fatty acids was higher at the high temperature range in the majority of strains. At the optimum temperature, strains could be assigned to three chemotaxonomic groups with reference to the ratio of iso C(15:0)/iso C(17:0). In six of the strains the ratio of iso C(15:0)/iso C(17:0) remained unchanged at the minimum temperature, whereas in four strains the ratio was reversed. The proportion of the C(15:0) and C(17:0) isobranched acids was decreased and the proportion of anteisobranched fatty acids, namely anteiso C(15:0), anteiso C(17:0), and anteiso C(17:1), was increased at the lower temperature range. Some changes were seen in the levels of the n-C(16:0) and iso C(16:0) acids, but these were strain specific.
Runtime Maximization of Continuous Precipitation in an Ultrasonic Process Chamber (2020)

The goal of this investigation was to develop a continuous process for producing as much dry material as possible under stable operating conditions in an intentionally or unintentionally precipitating environment. Despite the challenge of solids formation, the risk of fouling, and as a result clogging of the system, the goal was achieved by maximizing uninterrupted runtime. A novel approach was used, i.e., exciting the mixing zone by ultrasound (US) in a specially configured process chamber. The main focus was the investigation of how to avoid fouling and buildup of solids in the process chamber, which are undesired effects in continuous manufacturing. Often these are unavoidable side effects in a precipitating environment, which in the worst case can lead to a process shutdown. In this work, two model substance combinations were used (lactose/water/isopropanol and ibuprofen/ethanol/water) to demonstrate a hydrophilic case and a lipophilic case. A feed suspension was mixed with an antisolvent in an ultrasonic process chamber, with a persisting helical flow pattern and perpendicular introduction of ultrasound. Solids were precipitated during mixing, and blockage of the system could occur as a result of the introduced fouling and accumulation. Critical process parameters (product temperature, US input, and solid loading) were analyzed with respect to their influence on process stability and duration. As this process could also be applied to produce or purify particles, the particle size distributions (PSDs) of the two substances were evaluated with regard to agglomeration and attrition. The described precipitating environment can be applied to pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Perovskite Nanoparticle-Sensitized Ga2O3 Nanorod Arrays for CO Detection at High Temperature (2016)

Noble metal nanoparticles are extensively used for sensitizing metal oxide chemical sensors through the catalytic spillover mechanism. However, due to earth-scarcity and high cost of noble metals, finding replacements presents a great economic benefit. Besides, high temperature and harsh environment sensor applications demand material stability under conditions approaching thermal and chemical stability limits of noble metals. In this study, we employed thermally stable perovskite-type La(0.8)Sr(0.2)FeO3 (LSFO) nanoparticle surface decoration on Ga2O3 nanorod array gas sensors and discovered an order of magnitude enhanced sensitivity to carbon monoxide at 500 °C. The LSFO nanoparticle catalysts was of comparable performance to that achieved by Pt nanoparticles, with a much lower weight loading than Pt. Detailed electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies suggested the LSFO nanoparticle sensitization effect is attributed to a spillover-like effect associated with the gas-LSFO-Ga2O3 triple-interfaces that spread the negatively charged surface oxygen ions from LSFO nanoparticles surfaces over to β-Ga2O3 nanorod surfaces with faster surface CO oxidation reactions.
The intensity reflection coefficient: a novel method for investigating blood (2005)

In this work, we propose a new ultrasound (US) method for blood investigation based on the measurement of the intensity reflection coefficient (IRC). It was applied to study the aggregation of porcine red blood cells (RBCs). A Couette flow system was used to control the shear rate experienced by blood samples with values of 5 s/sup -1/ and 500 s/sup -1/ corresponding, respectively, to aggregated and non aggregated RBCs. Acoustic properties or whole porcine blood versus hematocrit ranging from 0 to 50% were investigated by the means of a 10 MHz focused transducer. The relative IRC was determined and compared to the US backscatter power. The experimental results showed an equivalence between the two parameters: the IRC is it mirror function of the backscatter power. Furthermore, the transition from lower to higher shear rate was accompanied by a diminution in the level of both the backscattering power and the relative IRC.
Demixing by a Nematic Mean Field: Coarse-Grained Simulations of Liquid Crystalline Polymers (2017)

Liquid crystalline polymers exhibit a particular richness of behaviors that stems from their rigidity and their macromolecular nature. On the one hand, the orientational interaction between liquid-crystalline motifs promotes their alignment, thereby leading to the emergence of nematic phases. On the other hand, the large number of conﬁgurations associated with polymer chains favors formation of isotropic phases, with chain stiffness becoming the factor that tips the balance. In this work, a soft coarse-grained model is introduced to explore the interplay of chain stiffness, molecular weight and orientational coupling, and their role on the isotropic-nematic transition in homopolymer melts. We also study the structure of polymer mixtures composed of stiff and ﬂexible polymeric molecules. We consider the effects of blend composition, persistence length, molecular weight and orientational coupling strength on the melt structure at the nano- and mesoscopic levels. Conditions are found where the systems separate into two phases, one isotropic and the other nematic. We conﬁrm the existence of non-equilibrium states that exhibit sought-after percolating nematic domains, which are of interest for applications in organic photovoltaic and electronic devices.
Conclusions from the MIRG 2010 Benchmark Study: Molecular Interactions in a Three Component System and Presentation of 2011 Survey Results on Label-Free Technologies (2011)

Characterizing the assembly of multi-protein complexes and the competition between multiple protein ligands for a given target are common challenges faced by core facilities. The MIRG2010 Benchmark study was designed to assess participants' ability to correctly describe the interactions between two protein ligands and their target protein using primarily biosensor technologies such as surface Plasmon resonance. Participants were provided with microgram quantities of three proteins (A, B and C) and asked to determine if a ternary A-B-C complex can form, or if ligands B and C bind competitively to protein A. This presentation will summarize the conclusions from the 2010 Benchmark Study, and provide perspective on the potential for future application of this system as a reference standard for quantitative characterization of protein-protein interactions using biosensor technologies. The field of label-free biophysical technologies like surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal calorimetry (ITC) are becoming indispensable in translational research and in the discovery phase of biotherapeutics. Investigators are much more aware about the developments in biomolecular interaction analysis using SPR and ITC and usefulness of these technologies in designing better drugs based on biomolecules and vaccines. The Molecular Interaction Research Group (MIRG) of ABRF has conducted an on-line survey to capture the recent explosive developments in these technologies. The survey was targeted to both academia and pharmaceutical industry and the survey data will be presented during the meeting.
In-Situ X-Ray Imaging Study on the Cross-Sectional Distribution of Li-Ion Concentration in Electrolyte of Li-Ion Battery (2014)

In the previous studies, we observed the three-dimensional distribution of various Co-oxidation states in LiCoO2 (LCO) active materials. It was found that as a LCO electrode is charged, the surface of the electrode is preferentially oxidized than the inside area [1]. In this study, we researched the cross-sectional distribution of Li-ion concentration in the electrolyte of Li-ion battery by using an in-situ X-ray imaging method. In order to use this method we first created a special test cell, which models the cross-section of a positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode in a cell. While charging and discharging the cell, we observed how the cross-sectional distribution of Li-ion in the separator and negative electrode changed. Figure 1 illustrates the X-ray image of the cross section structure of the cell: the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode and their interfaces. Figure 2 shows how the degree of X-ray transmission of the cross section changes before and 15 and 30-second after the cell is charged at 5C current. Before the cell was charged, the transmission degrees of the negative electrode and separator were the same, demonstrating that the Li-ion concentration was equally distributed across them. However, 15-second after the cell was charged, the transmission degrees in the negative electrode increased, and the degree of the electrode surface (the side close to the separator) became higher than that of the inside (the side close to the Cu collector). We expect that charging made the Li-ion concentration in the negative electrode decrease and the concentration of the surface became lower than that of the inside. As for analysis on the separator, the transmission degree on the negative electrode side of the separator became higher than that on the positive electrode side, demonstrating that the Li-ion concentration on the negative electrode side decreased after the cell was charged and that on the positive electrode side increased. Additionally, the concentration was more largely distributed 30-second after the cell was charged than 15-second after. In summary, we succeeded in applying the in-situ X-ray imaging method for identifying the Li-ion distribution in the negative electrode and separator during charging. References: [1] H. Yamashige, et al. 52th Battery Symposium, Nagoya, 9th Nov 2010.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Texture Analysis Differentiating KRAS Mutation Status in Rectal Cancer (2019)

Using MR-based texture analysis, we identified three imaging features that could differentiate mutant from wild-type KRAS. T2-weighted images could be used to predict KRAS mutation status preoperatively in patients with rectal cancer.
Steric Influence on the Excited-State Lifetimes of Ruthenium Complexes with Bipyridyl−Alkanylene−Pyridyl Ligands (2008)

The structural effect on the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited-state lifetime has been investigated in bis-tridentate Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes based on the terpyridine-like ligands [6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)](2-pyridyl)methane ( 1) and 2-[6-(2,2'-bipyridyl)]-2-(2-pyridyl)propane ( 2). A homoleptic ([Ru( 2) 2] (2+)) and a heteroleptic complex ([Ru(ttpy)( 2)] (2+)) based on the new ligand 2 have been prepared and their photophysical and structural properties studied experimentally and theoretically and compared to the results for the previously reported [Ru( 1) 2] (2+). The excited-state lifetime of the homoleptic Ru (II) complex with the isopropylene-bridged ligand 2 was found to be 50 times shorter than that of the corresponding homoleptic Ru (II) complex of ligand 1, containing a methylene bridge. A comparison of the ground-state geometries of the two homoleptic complexes shows that steric interactions involving the isopropylene bridges make the coordination to the central Ru (II) ion less octahedral in [Ru( 2) 2] (2+) than in [Ru( 1) 2] (2+). Calculations indicate that the structural differences in these complexes influence their ligand field splittings as well as the relative stabilities of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( (3)MLCT) and metal-centered ( (3)MC) excited states. The large difference in measured excited-state lifetimes for the two homoleptic Ru (II) complexes is attributed to a strong influence of steric interactions on the ligand field strength, which in turn affects the activation barriers for thermal conversion from (3)MLCT states to short-lived (3)MC states.
The Effect of Plasma Exchange on Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1981)

Eight patients with a severe exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis were treated by twice weekly plasma-exchange for 3 weeks in order to evaluate the effect of plasma-exchange on synovitis. During the plasma-exchange period, patients remained on the drug regimen they were on at admission to the hospital. Plasma was replaced isovolemically with human, purified plasma protein fraction. Improvement in clinical parameters of synovitis and serological parameters of inflammation occurred in almost all patients. After 6 months the clinical remissions were sustained. Three patients experienced a rebound synovitis and one patient a rebound vasculitis at the end of or just after the plasma-exchange period. The rebound phenomena were moderate and of short duration. Plasma-exchange may exert its beneficial effects by depleting important mediators of injury such a complement fibrinogen and circulating immune complexes, by improving reticuloendothelial function, and by increasing the drug response of the inflammatory target tissue. The role of depletion of circulating immune complexes was not so clear in this study. It is concluded that limited plasma-exchange is an effective means to induce a symptomatic improvement in an acute exacerbation of polyarthritis, without changing the basic therapy and thus avoiding corticosteroid dependency.
Partially purified Asiasari radix inhibits melanogenesis through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in B16F10 cells (2009)

The active fraction of the extract of Asiasari radix, the 60% methanol chromatographic fraction from the ethyl acetate layer (PPAR), was used to investigate the melanogenesis signal pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells. PPAR led to significantly decreased melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. PPAR also reduced the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)s while down-regulating the expression of mRNA of MITF and tyrosinase. Melanogenesis-regulating signals, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were evaluated, and ERK was activated by PPAR. The selective inhibitor of MEK/ERK, PD98059, abrogated all suppressive activities of PPAR on melanin biosynthesis, tyrosinase activation and expression of melanogenesis-related proteins. These results suggest that ERK activation by PPAR contributes to reduced melanin synthesis via ERK signal pathway-mediated suppression of MITF and its downstream signal pathway.
La detección de trastornos mentales en la infancia en atención primaria en varios países en desarrollo . (1989)

Los autores resaltan la importancia creciente de la detección e intervención precoz en los trastornos mentales. La investigación se desarrolla por varios departamentos universitarios de forma colaboradora con la OMS. Es un estudio de screening en doble fase, donde se exponen los resultados comparados para valorar la fiabilidad como instrumento del Reporting Ouestionnaire for Children (ROC), exponen la metodología de la investigación y el trabajo desarrollado por la atención primaria y su resultado comparado con los psiquiatras.
Abstract 5779: Building a novel 3D hyaluronan-based tri-culture model of the bone metastatic microenvironment for cancer studies (2017)

Abstract The high attrition rate of potential anti-cancer drugs entering clinical trials predicates a need for more predictive pre-clinical model systems. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide cells a more physiological microenvironment than traditional cell culture methods—including relevant extracellular matrix (ECM) cues and cell-cell interactions—while allowing greater experimental control and higher-throughput studies than animal models. Prevalent cancers, including breast and prostate cancer, metastasize preferentially to bone, where they become incurable. The bone marrow microenvironment is a complex network of interacting bone homeostatic and hematopoietic niches that contribute to osteotropic cancer homing, proliferation, and treatment resistance. We created a 3D in vitro tri-culture model of the bone metastatic microenvironment to serve as a new platform to study the “trialogue” between bone metastatic cancer, bone marrow stroma, and bone marrow endothelial cells. This tool can be used to inform drug discovery and to combat treatment resistance. Within the present study, the utility of peptide-functionalized hyaluronan hydrogels for supporting the self-organization of 3D bone marrow microvascular networks was explored. Gel crosslinking density was varied to examine the effect of matrix porosity on cell migration and organization over time. Tubule length and diameter were quantified and the endothelial structures were assessed for indicators of mature vasculature, including lumen formation, basement membrane production, and the recruitment of supporting stromal cells. Breast/prostate cancer cell growth, survival, and physical association with bone marrow stromal and bone marrow microvascular endothelial cell networks was examined in tri-culture models. Ongoing studies seek to identify and disrupt key cell signaling pathways that mediate cell-cell interaction and promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, providing new tools to combat bone metastatic disease. Citation Format: Lindsey K. Sablatura, Daniel A. Harrington, Mary C. Farach-Carson. Building a novel 3D hyaluronan-based tri-culture model of the bone metastatic microenvironment for cancer studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5779
The “Wanzlick Equilibrium” (2000)

1,3-dialkylated benzimidazolin-2-ylidenes are the keys to prove the “Wanzlick equilibrium” between electron-rich tetraaminoethylenes and N-heterocyclic carbenes [Eq. (1)]. This equilibrium was recently discovered by two groups independently. Starting from dibenzotetraazafulvalenes, the equilibrium concentrations in the absence of electrophiles were quantified by NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Unnatural β-L-Enantiomers of 3′-Fluoro- and 3′-Azido-2,3′-dideoxyguanosine Derivatives (2000)

3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy- (3) and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy- (4) beta-L-ribofuranonucleoside derivatives of guanine have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. All these derivatives were regioselectively and stereospecifically prepared by glycosylation of 2-N-acetyl-6-O-(diphenylcarbamoyl)guanine 5 with a suitable peracylated L-xylo-furanose sugar 6, followed by appropriate chemical modifications. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against HIV and HBV viruses, but they did not show significant activity.