gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
über Sauerstoffradikale, XIX. Dehydrierung hydroxyphenyl‐substituierter äthylene (1961)

Abstract Durch Dehydrierung 3.5‐disubstituierter 4‐Hydroxy‐phenyläthylen‐Derivate lassen sich Aroxyle herstellen, deren Stabilität von der Art der Substituenten an der C = C‐Doppelbindung abhängt. Die EPR‐Spektren und das chemische Verhalten der Aroxyle weisen auf eine Mitbeteiligung der Doppelbindung an der Mesomerie hin. — Bei einigen substituierten 4‐Hydroxy‐phenyläthylenen gelangt man zu Verbindungen, die den Ligninbausteinen ähnlich sind und deren Verhalten bei der Dehydrierung der Freudenbergschen Theorie der Biogenese des Lignins über Aroxyle eine weitere experimentelle Stütze gibt.
An optimized automatic gain controller for real time recursive LMS adaptive filters (2002)

An optimized automatic gain controller (AGC) to improve the performance of a recursive least mean squares (LMS) adaptive filter for an active noise control application is designed and implemented. The gain is self-adjusted over a broad range (40 dB), and considerable changes in amplitude produced by electromechanical resonances can be controlled for the adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. Experiments of noise attenuation system show that the behavior of the recursive LMS adaptive filter with this optimized AGC is improved in terms of stability and convergence rate during a frequency sweep in an acoustic duct. The controller allows the attenuation of strong signals. An input test signal with abrupt changes of 10 dB at each step (from 0 to 40 dB) is made, and it is controlled without changes in the performance of the recursive LMS filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Standing wave total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to measure the size of nanostructures in living cells (2006)

We present the first application of standing wave fluorescence microscopy (SWFM) to determine the size of biological nanostructures in living cells. The improved lateral resolution of less than 100 nm enables superior quantification of the size of subcellular structures. We demonstrate the ability of SWFM by measuring the diameter of biological nanotubes (membrane tethers formed between cells). The combination of SWFM with total internal reflection (TIR), referred to as SW-TIRFM, allows additional improvement of axial resolution by selective excitation of fluorescence in a layer of about 100 nm.
Generalized chirp-like polyphase sequences with optimum correlation properties (1992)

A new general class of polyphase sequences with ideal periodic autocorrelation function is presented. The new class of sequences is based on the application of Zadoff-Chu polyphase sequences of length N=sm/sup 2/, where s and m are any positive integers. It is shown that the generalized chirp-like sequences of odd length have the optimum crosscorrelation function under certain conditions. Finally, recently proposed generalized P4 codes are derived as a special case of the generalized chirp-like sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Petroleum geostatistics for nongeostaticians (2000)

For more than a decade, stochastic, or geostatistical, modeling methods have been increasingly used to “map” spatially correlated data. Recall that kriging is a deterministic method whose function has a unique solution and that does not attempt to represent actual variability of the studied attribute. Thus, the smoothing property of kriging dismisses local detail in place of a good average. However, often the geoscientist or reservoir engineer is more interested in fine-scale details captured by the estimation variance than a map of local estimates of the mean.
Inhibition of platelet aggregation by nitric oxide donors improves with rest (2003)

It has been suggested that the platelets of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) exist in a more activated state than those of patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) or healthy individuals. "Platelet nitrate responsiveness" (PNR) has been suggested as a measure of platelet activation, and has been shown to be reduced in both ACS and stable CHD. We examined the effect of a short period of undisturbed supine rest, an intervention aimed at reducing levels of "stress", on PNR. In 8 healthy subjects we found that 45 minutes of rest led to a highly significant reduction in platelet aggregation and increase in PNR. Our finding supports the hypothesis that stress contributes to platelet activation as reflected in reduced PNR, which may contribute to the link between acute stress and cardiovascular events. It also emphasises that standardisation of sampling conditions in vitally important in studies utilizing PNR.
Supplementary Figure 1 from PD-1 Expression on Peripheral Blood Cells Increases with Stage in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients and Is Rapidly Reduced after Surgical Tumor Resection (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 4006K, Myeloid cell gating strategy. The myeloid cell gating strategy used in these experiments is shown with representative data from a healthy control donor. A. Forward scatter area and height were used to exclude aggregates and clusters of cells. B. Dead cells were excluded by propidium iodode staining. C. CD45+ Leukocytes were divided into lymphocyte and myeloid gates based on side scatter. D. T cells and NK cells were excluded from the myeloid cell analysis by CD3 and CD56 expression. E. Cells that express neither CD14 nor CD16 were excluded from the myeloid analysis (mostly B cells at this point in the gating). F. Myeloid cells were sub-gated into Classical Monocytes (CD14bright CD16-), Intermediate Monocytes (CD14bright CD16dim), Non-classical Monocytes (CD14dim CD16dim), CD14bright CD16bright myeloid cells, and Neutrophils (CD14dim CD16bright). Note that most of the neutrophils were removed along with the erythrocytes during gradient centrifugation on Lympoprep).&lt;/p&gt;
Improving Stabilized Zirconia with Strontium Gallate (1994)

Use of Sr 2 Ga 2 o 5 as a sintering aid in the synthesis of polycrystalline yttria‐stabilized zirconia yields well‐sintered samples at 1350°C; it also essentially eliminates the grainboundary resistance. The overall oxide‐ion conductivity is improved by about 10% at 800°C at a lower manufacturing cost. However, aging of the bulk electrolyte remains a problem.
Device-related thrombus following left atrial appendage occlusion (2022)

Thrombus formation on intracardiac devices remains a subject of importance, with rates in the 2-5% range. Device-related thrombus (DRT) following left atrial appendage occlusion is an area of particular concern considering its association with embolic events. DRT continues to present numerous questions, including the optimal definition, incidence, risk factors, monitoring, therapy, and clinical outcomes - all subjects of ongoing assessment. Herein, we discuss these considerations, building upon the relevant historical context and pathophysiologic insights while discussing the future considerations in this rapidly evolving field.
Figure S3 from The Human CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Daratumumab Shows Antitumor Activity and Hampers Leukemia–Microenvironment Interactions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3. MEC2 mouse xenograft shows systemic organ infiltration.&lt;/p&gt;
Tumonoic Acids, Novel Metabolites from a Cyanobacterial Assemblage of Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix calcicola (1999)

Five new metabolites have been isolated from a lyngbyastatin 1- and dolastatin 12-producing assemblage of Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix calcicola collected at Tumon Bay, Guam. Structure elucidation employed 2D NMR techniques and chemical derivatization. These compounds have been assigned the trivial names tumonoic acids A (2), B (1), and C (5); methyl tumonoate A (3), and methyl tumonoate B (4). Compounds 1 and 4 were also found in a lyngbyastatin 1-producing strain of L. majuscula from Guam.
A Reservoir Simulator Based on Front-Tracking (1989)

A method of solving the saturation equations (first order hyperbolic conservation laws) by approximating the fractional flow function by a piecewise linear function has been developed. The method makes it possible to solve the saturation equations without stability problems. In this new front-tracking method, the pressure equation is solved by a finite element method. The grid for the pressure equation can therefore be fitted to the reservoir geometry with great flexibility. A reservoir simulator based on the new methods for the solution of saturation equations is under development. The simulator is able to simulate two-phase immiscible flow in two dimensions at present. Both gravity and compressibility are included, as well as heterogeneities in the geological data. The simulator has been used for field simulation problems. It has proved to be insensitive to grid orientation and numerical dispersion. In addition, for larger grid systems, the simulator is computationally more efficient than finite difference simulators. A simpler version of the front-tracking simulator can also be used as a streamline simulator. The streamline simulator has the same CPU-efficiency and front-tracking capabilities as traditional streamtube simulators without the need to transform the reservoir into a set of one-dimensional regions.
A coupled finite element-boundary element method for modeling Diffusion equation in 3D multi-modality optical imaging (2010)

Three dimensional image reconstruction for multi-modality optical spectroscopy systems needs computationally efficient forward solvers with minimum meshing complexity, while allowing the flexibility to apply spatial constraints. Existing models based on the finite element method (FEM) require full 3D volume meshing to incorporate constraints related to anatomical structure via techniques such as regularization. Alternate approaches such as the boundary element method (BEM) require only surface discretization but assume homogeneous or piece-wise constant domains that can be limiting. Here, a coupled finite element-boundary element method (coupled FE-BEM) approach is demonstrated for modeling light diffusion in 3D, which uses surfaces to model exterior tissues with BEM and a small number of volume nodes to model interior tissues with FEM. Such a coupled FE-BEM technique combines strengths of FEM and BEM by assuming homogeneous outer tissue regions and heterogeneous inner tissue regions. Results with FE-BEM show agreement with existing numerical models, having RMS differences of less than 0.5 for the logarithm of intensity and 2.5 degrees for phase of frequency domain boundary data. The coupled FE-BEM approach can model heterogeneity using a fraction of the volume nodes (4-22%) required by conventional FEM techniques. Comparisons of computational times showed that the coupled FE-BEM was faster than stand-alone FEM when the ratio of the number of surface to volume nodes in the mesh (N(s)/N(v)) was less than 20% and was comparable to stand-alone BEM ( ± 10%).
Acceleration measurements to quantify changes in rigidity during deep brain stimulation surgery (2014)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility to objectively assess clinical effects on rigidity obtained during intraoperative test stimulation based on acceleration measurements.
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has few uncertainties associated with suboptimal target selection. The feasibility of using acceleration measurements to evaluate tremor quantitatively during DBS surgery has been shown earlier (1). However, to be able to quantitatively evalute the clinical effects of intraoperative stimulation on Parkinson’s disease patients, it is important to take rigidity as a symptom into consideration.
Methods: 3 patients referred for bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS-implantation were included in the study. To quantitatively evaluate rigidity, a 3-axis acceleration sensor was fixed to the neurologist’s wrist during the evaluation of the patient (Fig 1). Accelerometer data was post-peratively analyzed, statistical features were extracted similar to those in (1) but with different cut-off frequencies for the filters. The effective stimulation amplitudes (thresholds) were identified (Fig 2). Wilcoxon two sided rank test was used to identify the significance of changes in the statistical features 1) before and at thresholds identified by medical experts and 2) those before and at thresholds found using acceleration data alone.
Results: Out of the calculated statistical features, standard deviation, signal energy and peak frequency amplitude were the most sensitive to changes in patient rigidity. The changes in the features when compared to baseline were in the range of 0 - 40%. The thresholds identified based on acceleration data were lower in 40% of the cases compared to the one chosen by the neurologist. Changes at the acceleration thresholds were significantly higher than at the ones identified subjectively.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that acceleration measurements of the neurologist’s wrist can be used to quantitatively evaluate the changes in patient’s rigidity. This simple method may provide additional support to the neurosurgeon in selecting the optimal target even if identified changes (0-40%) are less significant than for tremor (0-99%).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel γ‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Uptake Inhibitors. Part 5. Preparation and Structure—Activity Studies of Tricyclic Analogues of Known GABA Uptake Inhibitors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: UMWANDLUNG VON OLEFINEN IN KETONE MIT QUECKSILBER(II)‐ACETAT UND PALLADIUMCHLORID (1971)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Hexen‐(1) (I) mit Quecksilber(II)‐acetat und anschließend mit Li2PdC14/CuC12 liefert nach Hydrolyse Hexanon‐(2) (II) in quanititativer Ausbeute.
Automated Design of Li + ‐Conducting Polymer by Quantum‐Inspired Annealing (2022)

Automated molecule design by computers is an essential topic in materials informatics. Still, generating practical structures is not easy because of the difficulty in treating material stability, synthetic difficulty, mechanical properties, and other miscellaneous parameters, often leading to the generation of junk molecules. The problem is tackled by introducing supervised/unsupervised machine learning and quantum-inspired annealing. This autonomous molecular design system can help experimental researchers discover practical materials more efficiently. Like the human design process, new molecules are explored based on knowledge of existing compounds. A new solid-state polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries is designed and synthesized, giving a promising room temperature conductivity of 10<sup>-5</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> with reasonable thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties.
Optimization of Antibacterial Peptides by Genetic Algorithms and Cheminformatics (2010)

Pathogens resistant to available drug therapies are a pressing global health problem. Short, cationic peptides represent a novel class of agents that have lower rates of drug resistance than derivatives of current antibiotics. Previously, we created a software system utilizing artificial neural networks that were trained on quantitative structure-activity relationship descriptors calculated for a total of 1400 synthetic peptides for which antibacterial activity was determined. Using the trained system, we correctly identified additional peptides with activity of 94% accuracy; active peptides were 47 of the top rated 50 peptides chosen from an in silico library of nearly 100,000 sequences. Here, we report a method of generating candidate peptide sequences using the heuristic evolutionary programming method of genetic algorithms (GA), which provided a large (19-fold) improvement in identification of novel antibacterial peptides. Approximately 0.50% of peptides evaluated during the GA method were classified as highly active, while only 0.026% of the nearly 100,000 sequences we previously screened were classified as highly active. A selection of these peptides was tested in vitro and activities reported here. While GA significantly improves the possibility of identifying candidate peptides, we encountered important pitfalls to this method that should be considered when using GA.
Laxative Effect of Agarwood Leaves and Its Mechanism (2008)

We investigated the laxative activity of an extract of agarwood leaves from Aquilaria sinensis. The laxative activity was measured in mice by counting the stool frequency and stool weight, and the drugs were orally administered. An acetone extract of agarwood leaves and senna (a representative laxative drug) both increased the stool frequency and weight, but a methanol extract did not. The laxative effect of the acetone extract was milder than that of the anthraquinoid laxative, senna, and the former did not induce diarrhea as a severe side effect. We identified the main constituent contributing to the laxative effect of the acetone extract as genkwanin 5-O-beta-primeveroside (compound 4). Compound 4 strengthened the spontaneous motility and induced contraction in the ileum. This ileal contraction induced by compound 4 was inhibited by atropine, but not by azasetron, suggesting that the effect of compound 4 was mediated by acetylcholine receptors, and not by serotonin. The laxative mechanism for compound 4 may in part involve stimulation of intestinal motility via acetylcholine receptors.
Amplitude modulation on millimeter-wave signal with low driving voltage using reciprocating optical modulator (2005)

A reciprocating optical modulator (ROM) generates a millimeter-wave signal in good efficiency. Internal bias modulation on a ROM is reported, in this paper. Owing to reciprocating modulation in the ROM, the driving voltage required for amplitude modulation on a millimeter-wave signal is highly decreased. In this paper, a millimeter-wave signal in the 52.8-GHz frequency band is amplitude-modulated with a low-voltage (2.0V) baseband signal, where half-wave voltage of the modulator embedded in the ROM is 6.4V.
Influence of TLP Bonding on Creep Deformation of a Nickel-Base Single Crystal Superalloy at High Temperature (2008)

The creep substructures of TLP joint of a nickel-base single crystal superalloy at different creep stages are investigated at 982/248MPa. The results show that the creep process of TLP joint consists of primary stage, steady stage and tertiary stage obviously. The creep curve shape of TLP joint is similar to that of matrix sample without bonding. The deformation substructures of different parts of TLP joint are almost same and this indicates the deformation of TLP joint is homogeneous. During creep deformation, there are more dislocations appeared in matrix sample and dislocation interactions are much pronounced than these observed in TLP joint.
Treatment of Wilson Disease With Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate (2003)

Tetrathiomolybdate appears to be an excellent form of initial treatment in patients with Wilson disease who present with neurologic symptoms and signs. In contrast to penicillamine therapy, initial treatment with tetrathiomolybdate rarely allows further, often irreversible, neurologic deterioration.
Flyer Thickness Effect in the Impact Welding of Aluminum to Steel (2018)

Impact welding is a material processing technology that enables metallurgical bonding in the solid state using a high-speed oblique collision. In this study, the effects of thickness of the flier and collision angle on weld interface morphology were investigated through the vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW) of AA1100-O to AISI 1018 Steel. The weld interfaces at various controlled conditions show wavelength increasing with the flier thickness and collision angle. The AA1100-O flier sheets ranged in thickness from 0.127 to 1.016 mm. The velocity of the fliers was directly measured by in situ photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and kept nearly constant at 670 m/s. The collision angles were controlled by a customized steel target with a set of various collision angles ranging from 8 deg to 28 deg. A numerical solid mechanics model was optimized for mesh sizes and provided to confirm the wavelength variation. Temperature estimates from the model were also performed to predict local melting and its complex spatial distribution near the weld interface and to compare that prediction to experiments.
Correction to New Aminoimidazoles as β-Secretase (BACE-1) Inhibitors Showing Amyloid-β (Aβ) Lowering in Brain (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to New Aminoimidazoles as β-Secretase (BACE-1) Inhibitors Showing Amyloid-β (Aβ) Lowering in BrainYlva Gravenfors*, Jenny Viklund, Jan Blid, Tobias Ginman, Sofia Karlström, Jacob Kihlström, Karin Kolmodin, Johan Lindström, Stefan von Berg, Fredrik von Kieseritzky, Krisztian Bogar, Can Slivo, Britt-Marie Swahn, Lise-Lotte Olsson, Patrik Johansson, Susanna Eketjäll, Johanna Fälting, Fredrik Jeppsson, Kia Strömberg, Juliette Janson, and Fredrik RahmCite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 22, 10316Publication Date (Web):November 13, 2012Publication History Published online13 November 2012Published inissue 26 November 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm301629chttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm301629ccorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views727Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (114 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chalcogen Bonds Involving Selenium in Protein Structures (2021)

Chalcogen bonds are the specific interactions involving group 16 elements as electrophilic sites. The role of chalcogen atoms as sticky sites in biomolecules is underappreciated, and the few available studies have mostly focused on S. Here, we carried out a statistical analysis over 3562 protein structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) containing 18 266 selenomethionines and found that Se···O chalcogen bonds are commonplace. These findings may help the future design of functional peptides and contribute to understanding the role of Se in nature.
Parallel Imaging–Based Reduction of Acoustic Noise for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2014)

Standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging protocols can be made quieter through adequate gradient wave form optimization. In scans with high signal-to-noise ratio, parallel imaging can be used to further reduce acoustic noise.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME 3‐CARBOXAMIDES OF β‐CARBOLINE AND TETRAHYDRO‐β‐CARBOLINE (1984)

Abstract Der aus Try ptophan (I) zugängliche Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolincarbonsäureester (II) wird in die Amide (IV) übergeführt, die zu den β‐(′arbolin‐Derivaten (V) dehydriert werden.