gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guest Editorial (2014)

Today, trends like the Internet of Things are nearing large-scale implementation. They rely on solutions enabling objects to become cyber-physical systems capable of perceiving their environment or their internal state. Sensing provides the information gateway to achieve this coupling between object and environment, as well as their interaction. This understanding has fuelled considerable research efforts on intelligent and sensor-equipped structures. Among the obstacles that impede their introduction are economic ones. Material rather than component-integrated sensing and intelligence has the potential to circumnavigate some of the obstacles by paving the way to economy-of-scale effects <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2]</xref> . Such concepts have been known for a considerable time <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3]</xref> . This Special Issue on Material-Integrated Sensing, Data Processing and Communication is based on a Symposium held at the IEEE SENSORS 2012 Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, October 28–31, for which we defined our own vision of intelligent materials; perceptive matter, as we envisage it, must have the ability to gather data on its own state and environment, process this data and communicate the information derived internally or to a higher level system component. To do so, it must in itself be a complex system with sensing as basic functionality.
P078 ADALIMUMAB SUSTAINS QUALITY-OF-LIFE IMPROVEMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE: 2-YEAR DATA FROM CHARM (2008)

Introduction: Fistulas belong to the most frequent complications in Crohn' s disease. In patients suffering from fistulizing Crohn' s disease we often observed the presence of concomitant stenoses or significant luminal narrowing in the small or large bowel, suggesting a causal relation. By analyzing retrospective data of patients with fistulas from our IBD center cohort we searched for a concomitant presence of stenoses or luminal narrowing. Methods: We screened the medical records of all patients who presented with Crohn' s disease at our IBD-center since 1998. Patients having presented with fistulizing disease were selected for analysis, if the presence of fistulas was confirmed or diagnosed by physical examination, magnetic resonance (MR), or ileocolonoscopy. Furthermore, data on the status of the small and large bowel lumen were collected if ileocolonoscopy, MR enteroclysis technique, or surgery was performed within 6 months before or after the description of the fistulas. Significant luminal bowel narrowing was defined as stenosis, failure to pass the endoscope over the narrowed segment, or a reduction of the luminal diameter of more than 10mm over a length of more than 3 cm. Results: Among 771 patients since 1998 with Crohn' s disease at our IBDcenter at the University of Munich, 134 patients presented with fistulas. So far, 94 of the 134 patients with one or more fistulas could be analyzed retrospectively. Aside from perianal fistulas (n=41; 38.0%), entero-enteral (n=44; 40.7%), entero-cutaneous (n=12; 11.1%), entero-vesical (n=5; 4.6%) and entero-vaginal fistulas (n=6; 5.6%) were described. Signs of coexisting significant luminal bowel narrowing were described in 87 (92.6%) patients with fistulas. 35 of 41 patients with perianal fistulas had a significant luminal narrowing. Interestingly; of these 35 patients, 14 had a stenosis in the terminal ileum as the only sign of luminal narrowing (37.1%), and in none of these patients a fistula track could be followed back to the terminal ileum.
Magneto-optical Kerr effect and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of evaporated and sputtered Co/Pt multilayer structures (1991)

Thin and ultrathin Co/Pt multilayered structures have been prepared on glass substrates by electron-beam evaporation at room temperature and by sputtering at various substrate temperatures and sputtering pressures. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was found in samples with Co/Pt bilayer thicknesses near 3 Å/10 Å and total thicknesses of the layer stack of no greater than 300 Å. X-ray diffraction was performed on the samples to determine layer spacing and integrity, and possible crystallinity of films. Crystalline structures in the interface between the Co and Pt layers were found and identified. The effects of sputtering parameters, such as pressure and substrate temperature, on the magneto-optical Kerr effect were studied. The two deposition methods, electron-beam evaporation and sputtering, resulted in different magneto-optical properties in samples with the same nominal layer structures. We have also investigated optical properties (reflectance, index of refraction, and extinction coefficient) of these materials using ellipsometry.
Analysis of T and B cell epitopes of the Schistosoma mansoni P28 antigen in the rat model by using synthetic peptides. (1988)

The Schistosoma mansoni P28 molecule is an Ag inducing protective immunity in various experimental models. Three synthetic peptides, derived from the primary sequence of the recombinant P28 and comprising amino acids 24-43, 115-131, and 140-153, respectively, were synthesized according to their hydrophilicity, mobility, and accessibility profiles. The presence of B and T lymphocyte epitopes in these peptides has been examined in the rat model. The results showed that the 24-43 and the 115-131 peptides contained major epitopes for IgG but not for IgE. Moreover, the 24-43 peptide-specific IgG produced after injecting either the recombinant P28 Ag or the 24-43 peptide coupled to tetanus toxoid was essentially of the IgG2a subclass and to a lesser extent of the IgG1 subclass, whereas no IgG2c was detected. These 24-43 peptide-specific antibodies were cytotoxic in vitro for schistosomula in the presence of eosinophils as effector cells. The 24-43 and the 140-153 peptides contained major targets of T lymphocytes specific for the recombinant P28 Ag. T cell lines specific for the 24-43 peptide have been prepared. These cells proliferated in vitro when stimulated with various S. mansoni crude antigenic preparations or with the recombinant P28 Ag. Moreover, their passive transfer to rats immunized with the P28 Ag led to a significant increase in specific IgE without modifying the IgG response.
Reverse transcription-PCR detection of hepatitis G virus (1996)

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) was recently identified as a new member of the Flaviviridae, but its clinical significance is still unclear. Since no immunoassay for the diagnosis of HGV is available, we developed a sensitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay to facilitate the detection of the viral genome by mass screening in the clinical laboratory. Sequences within the 5'-noncoding region and within the putative NS5a region are independently amplified in the presence of digoxigenin-11-dUTP and are detected by hybridization with biotinylated capture probes binding to a streptavidin-coated matrix. Semiquantitative Enzymun-Test DNA detection via chemiluminescence can be performed either in a microtiter plate format or on fully automated ES 300 machines. We were able to detect at least 8 x 10(2) genome equivalents per ml of serum using both primer pairs. HGV was shown to be present in 43 of 130 (33%) serum samples from intravenous drug abusers with a high risk of parenteral exposure. However, only two of the patients were positive when the NS5a primers only were used, and only one patient was positive when only the 5'-noncoding region primers were used, demonstrating the increased sensitivity of HGV detection with two sets of primers. Among these patients, there was no obvious correlation with other viral infections like hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus. Within a blood donor panel, 3 of 92 (3%) samples were found to be HGV positive, suggesting that donated blood may need to be screened for HGV.
Synthesis and characterization of porous bioactiveSiCtissue engineering scaffold (2020)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an inert material with excellent biocompatibility properties. A major issue that limits its use as a medical device is the difficult processing technique that requires hot pressing at a temperature (>2,000<sup>o</sup> C) and pressure (1,000-2,000 atm). In the present study, we developed a protocol to synthesize a porous SiC scaffold by pressing the powder at 50 MPa and heating at 900<sup>o</sup> C/2 hr. The surface of SiC was chemically modified by NaOH to facilitate sintering and induce bioactivity. Porous discs with 51.51 ± 3.17% porosity and interconnected pores in the size range from 1 to 1,000 μm were prepared using 40% PEG. The average compressive strength and Young's modulus of the scaffolds were 1.94 ± 0.70 and 169.2 ± 0.08 MPa, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite layer after 2 hr of immersion in simulated body fluid. The Ca/P ratio was dependent on the concentration of the silanol groups created on the material surface. Increasing the atomic % of silicon on the SiC surface from 33.27 ± 9.53% to 45.13 ± 4.74% resulted in a 76% increase in the osteocalcin expression by MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the material after 7 days. The cells colonized the entire thickness of the template and filled the pores with mineralized extracellular matrix after 14 days. Taken all together, the porous SiC scaffolds can serve as a bone graft for tissue reconstruction and cell delivery in trauma surgery.
Degradation of dichloroaniline isomers by a newly isolated strain, Bacillus megaterium IMT21 (2010)

An efficient 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA)-mineralizing bacterium has been isolated from enrichment cultures originating from a soil sample with a history of repeated exposure to diuron, a major metabolite of which is 3,4-DCA. This bacterium, Bacillus megaterium IMT21, also mineralized 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,5-DCA as sole sources of carbon and energy. These five DCA isomers were degraded via two different routes. 2,3-, 2,4- and 2,5-DCA were degraded via previously unknown dichloroaminophenol metabolites, whereas 3,4- and 3,5-DCA were degraded via dichloroacetanilide.
Tunable Γ−K Valley Populations in Hole-Doped Trilayer WSe2 (2018)

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of valley populations in the valence bands of trilayer WSe_{2}. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations show that trilayer holes populate two distinct subbands associated with the K and Γ valleys, with effective masses 0.5m_{e} and 1.2m_{e}, respectively; m_{e} is the bare electron mass. At a fixed total hole density, an applied transverse electric field transfers holes from Γ orbitals to K orbitals. We are able to explain this behavior in terms of the larger layer polarizability of the K orbital subband.
Quantification of Urology Related Twitter Traffic Activity through a Standardized List of Social Media Communication Descriptors (2016)

Twitter activity in the field of urology can be assessed using a standardized list of social media communication descriptors. The value of the Twitter communication platform is underscored by the large number of tweets and impressions in the urology space.
OSSO: Obtaining Skeletal Shape from Outside (2022)

We address the problem of inferring the anatomic skeleton of a person, in an arbitrary pose, from the 3D surface of the body; i.e. we predict the inside (bones) from the outside (skin). This has many applications in medicine and biomechanics. Existing state-of-the-art biomechanical skeletons are detailed but do not easily generalize to new subjects. Additionally, computer vision and graphics methods that predict skeletons are typically heuristic, not learned from data, do not leverage the full 3D body surface, and are not validated against ground truth. To our knowledge, our system, called OSSO (Obtaining Skeletal Shape from Outside), is the first to learn the mapping from the 3D body surface to the internal skeleton from real data. We do so using 1000 male and 1000 female dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. To these, we fit a parametric 3D body shape model (STAR) to capture the body surface and a novel part-based 3D skeleton model to capture the bones. This provides inside/outside training pairs. We model the statistical variation of full skeletons using PCA in a pose-normalized space. We then train a regressor from body shape parameters to skeleton shape parameters and refine the skeleton to satisfy constraints on physical plausibility. Given an arbitrary 3D body shape and pose, OSSO predicts a realistic skeleton inside. In contrast to previous work, we evaluate the accuracy of the skeleton shape quantitatively on held-out DXA scans, outperforming the state-of-the-art. We also show 3D skeleton prediction from varied and challenging 3D bodies. The code to infer a skeleton from a body shape is available for research at https://osso.is.tue.mpg.de/, and the dataset of paired outer surface (skin) and skeleton (bone) meshes is available as a Biobank Returned Dataset. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource.
Distributed container (2009)

We describe a design patterns for achieving fast data transfer in a distributed system with a high reliability requirement. Also described are techniques for utilizing the Ada-95 serialization facilities in implementing the design patterns.
Physical properties and morphology of films prepared from microfibrillated cellulose and microfibrillated cellulose in combination with amylopectin (2010)

Abstract Two types of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared using either a sulfite pulp containing a high amount of hemicellulose (MFC 1) or a carboxymethylated dissolving pulp (MFC 2). MFC gels were then combined with amylopectin solutions to produce solvent‐cast MFC‐reinforced amylopectin films. Tensile testing revealed that MFC 2‐reinforced films exhibited a more ductile behavior and that MFC 1‐reinforced films had higher modulus of elasticity (E‐modulus) at MFC loadings of 50 wt % or higher. Pure MFC films had relatively low oxygen permeability values when data were compared with those for a variety of other polymer films. MFC 1 and MFC 2 films had similar opacity but differences in appearance which were attributed to the presence of some larger fibers and nanofiber agglomerates in MFC 2. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to illustrate the morphology of MFC nanofibers in pure films and in an amylopectin matrix. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Supplementary Table 1 from MAP Kinase Pathway Alterations in <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma Patients with Acquired Resistance to Combined RAF/MEK Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file 6188K, Annotated SNVs and Indels in All Samples&lt;/p&gt;
Diagnostics of Low-Voltage Power Cables by Frequency-Response Analysis of Power-Line Communication Channel (2018)

Low-voltage cabling is commonly used in industry applications, for instance in variable-speed drives, and in power distribution grids, where it provides and guarantees safe and uninterrupted power delivery. Hence, on-line diagnosis of cable condition and prognosis of the remaining life-time of cable are essential functions. In this paper, a cable diagnosis method based on broadband impedance spectroscopy, which can be applied by channel frequency-response analysis and implemented with high-frequency band power line communication modems is presented and evaluated with laboratory tests. It is shown that the proposed method is applicable for detecting and locating faults in low-voltage cables.
Digital System Clocking: High-Performance and Low-Power Aspects (2003)

From the Publisher:
Provides the only up-to-date source on the most recent advances in this often complex and fascinating topic. 
The only book to be entirely devoted to clocking Clocking has become one of the most important topics in the field of digital system design. A must have book for advanced circuit engineers
Deformation Transfer for Detail-Preserving Surface Editing (2006)

Recent detail-preserving shape deformation techniques are either based on a combination of multiresolution decomposition and variational bending energy minimization, or they manipulate differential coordinates and solve a Poisson system to obtain the deformed surface. We establish an explicit connection between the two approaches and discuss their inherent limitations, such as local selfintersections for the former and translation insensitivity of the latter. Based on these new insights we combine both methods into a novel shape editing technique that does not suffer from previous limitations, while retaining editing flexibility and efficiency.
Integrin‐dependent and ‐independent potentiation of L‐type Calcium Current (Cav1.2) by cell stretch (2009)

Recent studies in our lab using both native and heterologously expressed calcium channels (Cav1.2) indicate that L‐type calcium current is potentiated by activation of a5b1 integrin and requires PKA‐ and Src‐ phosphorylation of Cav1.2 C‐terminal residues. To test whether Cav1.2 channels are mechanosensitive and the possible role of integrins in this process, patch clamp methods were used to investigate the properties of Cav1.2 expressed in HEK 293 cells during intracellular application of positive pressure or more physiological, longitudinal two‐pipette stretch of a flexible membrane onto which cells were plated. The membrane was coated with either fibronectin or poly‐lysine to assess integrin‐dependent or ‐independent responses, respectively. In cells expressing the smooth muscle calcium channel isoform (Cav1.2b) alone or in combination with b2a/a2d‐1 accessory subunits, positive pipette pressures of 10~30 mmHg resulted in 20~45% increases in peak inward current. Similar results were found for the neuronal L‐type channel isoform Cav1.2c. Longitudinal stretch between 110 to 130% of resting cell length induced 25 to 60% graded increases in Cav1.2c current. The magnitude of the increase was significantly greater on fibronectin‐coated substrate than on poly‐lysine coated substrate. Preliminary findings showed that native L‐type calcium currents from VSMC exhibit similar mechanical sensitivity. Our results suggest that the Cav1.2 channel subunit shows a limited amount of intrinsic mechanosensitivity and that enhanced channel activity in response to longitudinal stretch may involve the integrin‐extracellular matrix axis.
Unsupervised Learning of Compositional Scene Representations from Multiple Unspecified Viewpoints (2021)

Visual scenes are extremely rich in diversity, not only because there are infinite combinations of objects and background, but also because the observations of the same scene may vary greatly with the change of viewpoints. When observing a visual scene that contains multiple objects from multiple viewpoints, humans are able to perceive the scene in a compositional way from each viewpoint, while achieving the so-called "object constancy" across different viewpoints, even though the exact viewpoints are untold. This ability is essential for humans to identify the same object while moving and to learn from vision efficiently. It is intriguing to design models that have the similar ability. In this paper, we consider a novel problem of learning compositional scene representations from multiple unspecified viewpoints without using any supervision, and propose a deep generative model which separates latent representations into a viewpoint-independent part and a viewpoint-dependent part to solve this problem. To infer latent representations, the information contained in different viewpoints is iteratively integrated by neural networks. Experiments on several specifically designed synthetic datasets have shown that the proposed method is able to effectively learn from multiple unspecified viewpoints.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES DIRECTED TOWARD THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE RUBRADIRIN ANTIBIOTICS. 4. NEW DIELS‐ALDER‐CLAISEN EFFECTIVE DIENE (1982)

Abstract Aus dem bekannten Methoxy‐Derivat (Ia) erhält man durch Demethylierung mit BBr 3 und Umsetzung mit Allylbromid den Allylether (Ib), der mit Dithionit und Bortrichlorid zum Allylderivat (II) umgelagert wird.
Heterotelechelic polymer prodrug nanoparticles: Adaptability to different drug combinations and influence of the dual functionalization on the cytotoxicity (2019)

Well-defined, heterotelechelic polymer prodrugs for combination therapy were synthesized by using a combination of the "drug-initiated" nitroxide-mediated polymerization from a gemcitabine-alkoxyamine initiator and the nitroxide exchange reaction using TEMPO-bearing drugs to end-cap the drug-polymer chain-end by a second drug. This methodology was successfully applied to two different clinically relevant combinations, gemcitabine/doxorubicin (Gem/Dox) and gemcitabine/lapatinib (Gem/Lap), showing a certain degree of universality of the synthetic methodology. It also represented the first nanocarrier for the co-delivery of Gem and Lap ever reported. Well-controlled, low molar mass heterotelechelic polymers (M<sub>n</sub> = 2100-4090 g.mol<sup>-1</sup>, Ð = 1.18-1.38) with ~1:1 drug ratios and high overall drug loadings up to 40 wt% were obtained. They were formulated into nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and exhibited average diameters in the 34-154 nm range, with narrow particle size distributions (PSD = 0.01-0.22) and excellent colloidal stability over time. Their biological evaluation in terms of drug release and cytotoxicity was performed and compared to that of different monofunctional polymer prodrug formulations. We showed that heterobifunctional polymer prodrugs induced cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells, with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the 120-300 nM range depending on the combination tested. Interestingly, whereas Gem/Dox combination did not lead to noticeable improvement over monofunctional therapies, co-nanoprecipitation of Gem/Lap prodrugs led to synergistic effect.
Object-based Watermarking Using Object Shape Features (2003)

An object-based watermarking scheme is described. Watermarks are embedded into objects by employing object features : a center of an area and outline. Our schemes are available for the MPEG-4 standard to access objects directly within a video sequence. They are also available for one of the second generation watermarking schemes to improve robustness by employing significant parts or features of the data in the watermarking process. Experimental results show the methods are robust against object geometric manipulation such as scaling, rotation, and shape subsampling and are also robust against a Stir Mark 3.1 attack.
Injury depth control from combined wavelength and power tuning in scanned beam laser thermal therapy (2011)

Laser thermal therapy represents a possible method to treat premalignant epithelial lesions of the esophagus. Dynamically conforming the thermal injury profile to a specific lesion boundary is expected to improve the efficacy of such a treatment and avoid complications. In this work, we investigated wavelength tuning as a mechanism to achieve this aimed control over injury depth by using the strong variation of water absorption close to 1900 nm. We developed a numerical model simulating in steps the photon propagation in the tissue, the diffusion of the absorbed heat, and the resulting tissue damage. The model was compared with experimental results on porcine esophageal specimens ex vivo and showed good agreement. Combined with power tuning, the wavelength agility in the range of 1860 to 1895 nm extends the injury range compared to a fixed wavelength source beyond 1 mm, while at the same time improving control over shallow depths and avoiding vaporization at the tissue surface. The combination of two or three discrete wavelengths combined at variable ratios provides similar control, and may provide an improved strategy for the treatment of endothelial lesions.