gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Risk Management Improves the Success Rate of Micro-Hydraulic Fracturing Stress Tests (2019)

Abstract We applied a recently introduced method to complete a feasibility assessment and design a stress testing campaign in a deep-water field in West Africa. We first reviewed the previous—and unsuccessful—campaign. Test data were inverted together with a priori knowledge from an independent geomechanical study to develop an understanding of the ambient conditions. Based on this understanding, the current campaign's chance of success (COS) was estimated to be 10%, with 1,000 psi of pressure capacity lacking to reach 95%. By analyzing the sensitivity of the risk to formation properties and design parameters, we identified various options to prevent this high, yet seemingly controllable, risk of test failure. Among them, a 1.7-ppg increase of mud density, expected to increase the COS to 80%, was deemed most effective and implemented. With 4 successful tests out of 10, the second campaign was more successful than the previous one. Yet this success rate was lower than anticipated. We inverted the second campaign's test data to revise our understanding of the in situ conditions. Our main findings are that, for this particular case, (i) the magnitude of the minimum horizontal stress was significantly higher than initially thought, (ii) the minimum horizontal stress and the horizontal stress ratio appeared to be anticorrelated, and (iii) the COS was extremely sensitive to the minimum horizontal stress. The conditions solved using the second campaign's dataset also explained the first campaign's negative outcome. This case study demonstrates that (i) the proposed planning method enables return of experience to be captured and leveraged from one test, or one series of tests, to the next, and the design of formation stress tests to be optimized, leading to an improved success rate of formation stress tests; and (ii) the proposed inversion scheme allows insight to be gained from both successful and unsuccessful tests, including in formation conditions other than the minimum horizontal stress.
Studies on the Joining of DNA by Polynucleotide Ligase of Phage T4 (1968)

Recently enzymes which catalyze the covalent joining of single-strand breaks in bihelical DNA have been identified and purified from Escherichia coli and phage T4- and phage T7-infected E. coli (Zimmerman et al., 1967; Olivera and Lehman, 1967a; Gefter et al., 1967; Weiss and Richardson, 1967a; Becker et al., 1967; Cozzarelli et al., 1967). We have purified polynucleotide ligase approximately 1000-fold from E. coli cells infected with bacteriophage T4 and have studied its properties (Weiss et al., 1968). The purified enzyme catalyzes the covalent joining of two segments of an interrupted strand in a DNA duplex, provided that no nucleotides are missing at the junction. Given a DNA substrate containing single-strand breaks such as those shown in Fig. 1, the enzyme catalyzes the repair by the esterification of an internally located 3′-hydroxyl group with the adjacent 5′-phosphomonoester; in the reaction ATP is cleaved to AMP and PPi.
Dynamics of hydrogen dissociation on stepped platinum (2008)

We have studied the reactivity of hydrogen on the Pt(211) stepped surface using supersonic molecular beam techniques. We observe an energy dependence that is indicative of indirect adsorption below 9 kJ mol(-1) and direct adsorption between 0 and 37 kJ mol(-1). Comparison of our results to predictions based on six-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations for Pt(211) [R. A. Olsen et al., J. Chem. Phys. 128, 194715 (2008)] yields reasonable agreement. Discrepancies between theory and our experiments at low kinetic energy strongly indicate that the wells in the used potential energy surface are too shallow. Discrepancies at high kinetic energy point toward neglect of degrees of freedom vital to capture the full dynamics.
64 MACROGLOSSIA IN CLONED PIGLETS IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOMETHYLATION AT THE KCNQ-OT1 CpG ISLAND (2010)

Beckwith-Wiedeman Syndrome (BWS) is a loss of imprinting (LOI) condition that is associated with macroglossia, midline abdominal defects, and neonatal gigantism among other symptoms. These symptoms have also been seen in animals produced by SCNT. A common feature of BWS is the loss of methylation at the KCNQ-OT1 differentially methylated region. We hypothesised that this locus would show a similar LOI in cloned piglets that display macroglossia. DNA sequence for the porcine KCNQ-OT1 region was assembled in silico from public genome sequencing data. A CpG island was noted as being similarly located in the swine sequence as one which has been described for the human differentially differentiated region. Primers were designed to amplify a portion of this region from bisulfite converted genomic DNA. The amplimer spanned 32 CpG sites. To confirm imprinting status of KCNQ-OT1 in swine, a non-cloned pig was evaluated as to the methylation status across this region using DNA isolated from muscle (M) and the proportion hypermethylated was evaluated by chi-square tests. As seen in humans, this region was hypermethylated in approximately half (12 of 24, P = 1) of the cloned, sequenced amplimers. This observation is consistent with a parent of origin imprint at this locus. Next, 2 cloned piglets that appeared normal were assessed for methylation at KCNQ-OT1. M DNA from each of these animals was consistent with normal methylation at this locus, (7 of 16 and 8 of 18 cloned, sequenced amplimers, P &amp;gt; 0.40). Next, M DNA was isolated from 2 cloned litter mates where 1 piglet presented with macroglossia and the other did not. The non-presenting piglet’s M DNA was methylated in approximately half of the cloned sequenced amplimers (9 of 17, P = 0.67) whereas the macroglossia piglet M DNA was devoid of the methylated allele (0 of 14, P &amp;lt; 0.001). An additional pair of macroglossia presenting and non-presenting cloned littermates was identified. In this pair, the non-presenting piglet showed a normal distribution of methylation at this allele (8 of 19, P = 0.77) and the macroglossia piglet deviated somewhat from normal (6 of 20, P &amp;lt; 0.05). These 2 case studies are consistent with the conclusion that the appearance of macroglossia in cloned pigs may be associated with hypomethylation at KCNQ-OT1 and may model BSW. However, additional abnormal pigs will need to be assessed to completely characterise the LOI in cloned piglets.
Preparation of 2-(alkylthiomethyl)acrylates (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 2-(alkylthiomethyl)acrylatesM. F. Semmelhack, J. C. Tomesch, M. Czarny, and S. BoettgerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 6, 1259–1262Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00400a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00400a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autoimmune vitiligo is associated with gain-of-function by a transcriptional regulator that elevates expression of HLA-A*02:01 in vivo (2016)

HLA-A is a class I major histocompatibility complex receptor that presents peptide antigens on the surface of most cells. Vitiligo, an autoimmune disease in which skin melanocytes are destroyed by cognate T cells, is associated with variation in the HLA-A gene; specifically HLA-A*02:01, which presents multiple vitiligo melanocyte autoantigens. Refined genetic mapping localizes vitiligo risk in the HLA-A region to an SNP haplotype ∼20-kb downstream, spanning an ENCODE element with many characteristics of a transcriptional enhancer. Convergent CTCF insulator sites flanking the HLA-A gene promoter and the predicted transcriptional regulator, with apparent interaction between these sites, suggests this element regulates the HLA-A promoter. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects homozygous for the high-risk haplotype expressed 39% more HLA-A RNA than cells from subjects carrying nonhigh-risk haplotypes (P = 0.0048). Similarly, RNAseq analysis of 1,000 Genomes Project data showed more HLA-A mRNA expressed in subjects homozygous for the high-risk allele of lead SNP rs60131261 than subjects homozygous for the low-risk allele (P = 0.006). Reporter plasmid transfection and genomic run-on sequence analyses confirm that the HLA-A transcriptional regulator contains multiple bidirectional promoters, with greatest activity on the high-risk haplotype, although it does not behave as a classic enhancer. Vitiligo risk associated with the MHC class I region thus derives from combined quantitative and qualitative phenomena: a SNP haplotype in a transcriptional regulator that induces gain-of-function, elevating expression of HLA-A RNA in vivo, in strong linkage disequilibrium with an HLA-A allele that confers *02:01 specificity.
New lens design for infrared systems with micro-scanning (2002)

Traditionally the image quality, especially for the staring IR systems, is limited by the aliasing effects caused by the pitch size of the detectors. Therefore, the micro-scanning technique has been introduced to eliminate the aliasing effect. Normally, the concept of the micro-scanning technique is to create the “sub-pixel” between the original pixel arrays to achieve the higher Nyquest frequency. Many experiments even prototype have been done before but the systems with the characterization of the light weight and excellent reliability are still rare so far.
In vitro culture and characterization of gene targeted mouse endothelium (2001)

Endothelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Although many cardiovascular disorders involve endothelial cell dysfunction, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are not well known. We sought to establish a reproducible method of endothelial cell isolation from gene targeted mice to specifically examine endothelial pathophysiological mechanisms. Primary aortic endothelial cell cultures were established from wild type and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) deficient mice. Isolation of mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) by fluorescent activated cell sorting routinely resulted in pure, homogenous, primary cultures. Wild type and ICAM-1 deficient endothelial cell morphology was similar, with both cultures showing cobblestone morphology and DiI-Ac-LDL staining. Monocyte adhesion to ICAM-1 deficient aortic endothelial cells was decreased by 86% as compared with wild type MAEC. Monocyte adhesion was also determined using YN-1, an ICAM-1 blocking antibody. YN-1 decreased monocyte adhesion to wild type aortic endothelial cells by 25%, whereas YN-1 did not further decrease monocyte adhesion to ICAM-1 deficient MAEC. These data demonstrate that gene targeted endothelial cell cultures are an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial cell physiology and dysfunction.
Electrocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline by Cu‐PANI‐SBA‐15 on Nickel Foam via Peroxymonosulfate‐Based Advanced Oxidation Process (2021)

Abstract Tetracyclines are the second‐largest class of antibiotics produced and used in the world. The large‐scale use of these broad‐spectrum antibiotics and their limited metabolization by humans and animals have resulted in high levels of tetracycline discharge to the environment. In this report, we demonstrate the electrochemical peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation using Cu(II)‐polyaniline hosted in mesoporous silica (CPS) that is deposited on nickel foam (CPS‐NF) for the degradation of tetracycline in solutions. We also propose the mechanism of the electrocatalytic processes towards the activation of PMS through various electrochemical characterization and degradation experiments. By combining PMS and a CPS‐NF cathode, nearly 90 % of tetracycline is degraded within about 5 min. The results reveal that the addition of PMS promotes the degradation of tetracycline, and the CPS‐NF cathode plays a pivotal role in activating PMS. The Cu + and Cu 2+ species induced from CPS‐NF favor the continuous activation of PMS and the production of reactive oxygen species at the surface of the CPS‐NF cathode to degrade tetracycline. This is the first time where an electrocatalyst typically used for energy applications is successfully applied to activate PMS for the degradation of an emerging pollutant in wastewater for environmental remediation.
Correction. Fluror Olefins. II. Isomerization of β-Substituted Perfluoro Olefins. Kinetic vs Equilibruim Control. (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Fluror Olefins. II. Isomerization of β-Substituted Perfluoro Olefins. Kinetic vs Equilibruim Control.Donald Burton and Frank HerkesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 11, 4316Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online13 October 2003Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01275a626https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01275a626research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On-demand electrochemically controlled compound release from an ultrasonically powered implant (2022)

On-demand drug delivery systems are promising for a wide range of therapeutic applications. When combined with wireless implants for controlled drug delivery, they can reduce overall dosage and side effects. Here, we demonstrate release of fluorescein from a novel on-demand release system for negatively charged compounds. The release system is based on a modified electroresponsive polypyrrole nanoparticulate film designed to minimize ion exchange with the stored compound - a major passive leakage mechanism. We further designed an ultrasonically powered mm-sized implant to electronically control the on-demand drug delivery system <i>in vivo</i>. Release kinetics are characterized both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in mice using fluorescein as a model drug, demonstrating the feasibility of wireless, controllable drug release using an ultrasonically powered implant.
Rendering real-world objects using view interpolation (2002)

Presents a new approach to rendering arbitrary views of real-world 3D objects of complex shapes. We propose to represent an object by a sparse set of corresponding 2D views, and to construct any other view as a combination of these reference views. We show that this combination can be linear, assuming proximity of the views, and we suggest how the visibility of constructed points can be determined. Our approach makes it possible to avoid difficult 3D reconstruction, assuming only rendering is required. Moreover, almost no calibration of views is needed. We present preliminary results on real objects, indicating that the approach is feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dynamic Measure of Hyperuniformity and Nonhyperuniformity in Heterogeneous Media via the Diffusion Spreadability (2022)

Rock on! Understanding time-dependent diffusion processes in complex heterogeneous media is of great importance in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, geophysics, and petroleum engineering. Here the authors further study the recently discussed $d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}f\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}f\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n$ $s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}b\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}y$, by computing it for a variety of two- and three-dimensional model structures that span the nonhyperuniform and hyperuniform classes. The lessons learned are used to ascertain crucial structural characteristics of a Fontainebleau sandstone. Spreadability is a powerful, dynamics-based figure of merit for probing real microstructures across length scales and enabling materials design.
Structural Design of Cathodes for Li‐S Batteries (2015)

Battery technologies involving Li‐S chemistries have been touted as one of the most promising next generation systems. The theoretical capacity of sulfur is nearly an order of magnitude higher than current Li‐ion battery insertion cathodes and when coupled with a Li metal anode, Li‐S batteries promise specific energies nearly five‐fold higher. However, this assertion only holds if sulfur cathodes could be designed in the same manner as cathodes for Li‐ion batteries. Here, the recent efforts to engineer high capacity, thick, sulfur‐based cathodes are explored. Various works are compared in terms of capacity, areal mass loading, and fraction of conductive additive, which are the critical parameters dictating the potential for a device to achieve a specific energy higher than current Li‐ion batteries (i.e., &gt;200 Wh kg −1 ). While an inferior specific energy is projected in the majority of cases, several promising strategies have the potential to achieve &gt;500 Wh kg −1 . The challenges associated with the limited cycle‐life of these systems due to both the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the rapid degradation of the Li metal anode that is experienced at the current densities required to charge high specific energy batteries in a reasonable timeframe are also discussed.
Synergistic effects of functionally distinct substitutions in β-lactamase variants shed light on the evolution of bacterial drug resistance (2018)

The CTX-M β-lactamases have emerged as the most widespread extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Gram-negative bacteria. These enzymes rapidly hydrolyze cefotaxime, but not the related cephalosporin, ceftazidime. ESBL variants have evolved, however, that provide enhanced ceftazidime resistance. We show here that a natural variant at a nonactive site, <i>i.e.</i> second-shell residue N106S, enhances enzyme stability but reduces catalytic efficiency for cefotaxime and ceftazidime and decreases resistance levels. However, when the N106S variant was combined with an active-site variant, D240G, that enhances enzyme catalytic efficiency, but decreases stability, the resultant double mutant exhibited higher resistance levels than predicted on the basis of the phenotypes of each variant. We found that this epistasis is due to compensatory effects, whereby increased stability provided by N106S overrides its cost of decreased catalytic activity. X-ray structures of the variant enzymes in complex with cefotaxime revealed conformational changes in the active-site loop spanning residues 103-106 that were caused by the N106S substitution and relieve steric strain to stabilize the enzyme, but also alter contacts with cefotaxime and thereby reduce catalytic activity. We noted that the 103-106 loop conformation in the N106S-containing variants is different from that of WT CTX-M but nearly identical to that of the non-ESBL, TEM-1 β-lactamase, having a serine at the 106 position. Therefore, residue 106 may serve as a "switch" that toggles the conformations of the 103-106 loop. When it is serine, the loop is in the non-ESBL, TEM-like conformation, and when it is asparagine, the loop is in a CTX-M-like, cefotaximase-favorable conformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Nona‐Copper(II)‐Containing 18‐Tungsto‐8‐arsenate(III) Exhibits Antitumor Activity. (2013)

Abstract Dark‐brown, block‐shaped crystals of Na 8 [H 4 {Cu 9 As 6 O 15 (H 2 O) 6 } (α‐AsW 9 O 33 ) 2 ]·41H 2 O are obtained from aqueous mixtures of NaAsO 2 , Na 2 WO 4 , CuCl 2 , and AcOH (room temperature, 14 d, 11% yield).
Effect of carbon coating on the superconducting properties of Pb and Sn nano-spheres (2018)

Carbon coated Sn and Pb spheres of radius smaller than the superconducting coherence length of the bulk materials were fabricated using a sonochemical technique. Both samples reveal Type-I superconducting behavior characterized by supercritical fields. Analysis of the data reveal the expected enhancement of the critical field, Hc, in the Pb but not in the Sn nano-spheres. The different behavior of the Sn spheres is attributed to carbon doping which results in a decrease of their effective coherence length to below the spheres size.
152 Gadolinium-labeled liposomes as a DENSE-compatible, positive MRI contrast agent for serially assessing macrophage activity and regional contractile function in the murine heart after myocardial infarction (2008)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.