gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier density dependence of localized carrier recombination dynamics in orange-emitting InGaN/GaN nanocolumns (2020)

The carrier density dependence of photoluminescence (PL) spectra, PL efficiency, and time-resolved PL (TRPL) in InGaN/GaN nanocolumns with orange emission has been measured over a wide range of carrier densities to investigate the carrier recombination dynamics at low and room temperatures. The TRPL decay curves were analyzed by stretched exponential functions to obtain a distribution of the decay times. The results indicate that the emission origin in InGaN with orange emission under low excitation intensity is the recombination of localized electrons and holes, not from localized excitons. Our analysis shows that the total density of localized states is an important factor to increase PL efficiency, which implies that red-emitting InGaN with a high density of localized states due to large indium fluctuation has the potential to achieve high PL efficiency. In addition, we have shown that the stretched exponential function is an effective approach to analyze several carrier relaxation processes with different decay times.
ChemInform Abstract: Macroexpansion Methodology. Part 3. Eight‐Step Synthesis of (‐)‐(3Z)‐Cembrene A. (1986)

Abstract d‐Carvone (I) is converted to (II), whose methyl ether group serves to protect the isopropenyl functionality.
Epitaxy: Programmable Atom Equivalents versus Atoms* (2020)

The programmability of DNA makes it an attractive structure directing ligand for the assembly of nanoparticle superlattices in a manner that mimics many aspects of atomic crystallization. However, the synthesis of multilayer single crystals of defined size remains a challenge. Though previous studies considered lattice mismatch as the major limiting factor for multilayer assembly, thin-film growth depends on many interlinked variables. The epitaxial deposition of thin films has been key to the semiconductor industry in its efforts to control material properties as a function of crystal structure. The transfer of order and orientation from a substrate to a deposited crystal is dependent upon many interlinked variables (e.g., interfacial chemical potential, crystal lattice parameters, defect stability) that vary as a function of both atomic composition and deposition protocol.
Improved Chroma from Luma Prediction in AV1 Based On Virtual Chroma Block Generation (2021)

Chroma from Luma (CfL) prediction is an efficient coding tool in AV1 which builds chroma prediction by implementing a linear model on luma pixels. To avoid transmission, the off-set factor in the linear model is set to the average of neighboring chroma pixels. An improved CfL algorithm is proposed to derive the offset factor based on a virtual chroma block. Such a block is constructed by using the chroma of the matched pixel which is determined according to the luma difference of neighboring regions and the co-located luma. Compared with libaom, the proposed CfL algorithm provides 0.31% and 0.15% weighted PSNR BD-rate saving under AI and RA configuration, respectively. Experimental results show that over 1.00% and 0.80% BD-rate saving can be achieved for chroma components under AI and RA configuration. With the proposed algorithm, the percentage of pixels with CfL as the optimal coding mode is increased.
Clonal Anergy of I-E-tolerant T Cells in Transgenic Mice with Pancreatic Expression of MHC Class II I-E (1989)

Experimental conditions whereby T-cell tolerance can be established and maintained have been investigated and defined in many systems. However, the mechanisms of tolerance in these systems and their relevance to tolerance induction during normal T-cell development in vivo is still not fully understood. In vivo evidence for clonal deletion has been documented recently, made possible by the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ chains and by the observation that certain (variable) Vβ chains are associated with reactivity to I-E (Kappler et al. 1987b) and minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigens (Mls) (Kappler et al. 1988; MacDonald et al. 1988). For example, T cells utilizing the Vβ17a TCR gene identified by MAb KJ23 are generally reactive to I-E (Kappler et al. 1987b) and are present in I-E- mice but deleted in the thymus of I-E-expressing mouse strains (Kappler et al. 1987a; Marrack et al. 1988). The ability to monitor the...
Repurposing and Rescuing of Mibefradil, an Antihypertensive, for Cancer: A Case Study (2015)

The expanding “valley of death” in drug development is leaving potentially life-saving new chemical entities and molecular targets fallow. This situation is forcing early-stage companies to think creatively about moving their technologies forward, especially as institutional investors show more interest in later stages of development. Drug repurposing, a strategy to examine existing drugs for therapeutic value against different diseases, is an emerging method to bring an off-market drug back onto the market. Tau Therapeutics LLC identified the role of T-type calcium channel blockers (Cav3) in cancer proliferation, but the company was unable to attract funding while having both a nonvalidated drug target and new chemical entities. To change the risk profile of the company, Tau set out to repurpose the known Cav3 drug mibefradil as a proof of concept for the treatment of cancer. Mibefradil was launched for hypertension in the 1990s but withdrawn because of drug–drug interactions. A new sequential combination treatment, termed Interlaced Therapy™, uses short-term administration of mibefradil to enhance the overall therapeutic potential of conventional anticancer agents. Mibefradil is currently in a phase Ib clinical trial with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Adult Brain Tumor Consortium. Mibefradil has been repurposed from an abandoned antihypertensive to a targeted solid tumor treatment, and it has been rescued from drug–drug interactions by using short-term dose exposure. Tau is using the early success of mibefradil as a proof of concept to build a platform technology of Cav3 blockers for broad antitumor applications in combination with new targeted cancer therapies, well-established chemotherapies, and radiation.
CHIMP, the CMU Highly Intelligent Mobile Platform (2015)

We have developed the CHIMP (CMU Highly Intelligent Mobile Platform) robot as a platform for executing complex tasks in dangerous, degraded, human‐engineered environments. CHIMP has a near‐human form factor, work‐envelope, strength, and dexterity to work effectively in these environments. It avoids the need for complex control by maintaining static rather than dynamic stability. Utilizing various sensors embedded in the robot's head, CHIMP generates full three‐dimensional representations of its environment and transmits these models to a human operator to achieve latency‐free situational awareness. This awareness is used to visualize the robot within its environment and preview candidate free‐space motions. Operators using CHIMP are able to select between task, workspace, and joint space control modes to trade between speed and generality. Thus, they are able to perform remote tasks quickly, confidently, and reliably, due to the overall design of the robot and software. CHIMP's hardware was designed, built, and tested over 15 months leading up to the DARPA Robotics Challenge. The software was developed in parallel using surrogate hardware and simulation tools. Over a six‐week span prior to the DRC Trials, the software was ported to the robot, the system was debugged, and the tasks were practiced continuously. Given the aggressive schedule leading to the DRC Trials, development of CHIMP focused primarily on manipulation tasks. Nonetheless, our team finished 3 rd out of 16. With an upcoming year to develop new software for CHIMP, we look forward to improving the robot's capability and increasing its speed to compete in the DRC Finals.
Visual Quality Assessment of Subspace Clusterings (2016)

The quality assessment of results of clustering algorithms is challenging as different cluster methodologies lead to different cluster characteristics and topologies. A further complication is that in high-dimensional data, subspace clustering adds to the complexity by detecting clusters in multiple different lower-dimensional projections. The quality assessment for (subspace) clustering is especially difficult if no benchmark data is available to compare the clustering results. In this research paper, we present SubEval, a novel subspace evaluation framework, which provides visual support for comparing quality criteria of subspace clusterings. We identify important aspects for evaluation of subspace clustering results and show how our system helps to derive quality assessments. SubEval allows assessing subspace cluster quality at three different granularity levels: (1) A global overview of similarity of clusters and estimated redundancy in cluster members and subspace dimensions. (2) A view of a selection of multiple clusters supports in-depth analysis of object distributions and potential cluster overlap. (3) The detail analysis of characteristics of individual clusters helps to understand the (non-)validity of a cluster. We demonstrate the usefulness of SubEval in two case studies focusing on the targeted algorithm- and domain scientists and show how the generated insights lead to a justified selection of an appropriate clustering algorithm and an improved parameter setting. Likewise, SubEval can be used for the understanding and improvement of newly developed subspace clustering algorithms. SubEval is part of SubVA, a novel open-source web-based framework for the visual analysis of different subspace analysis techniques.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Polycomb CBX7 Promotes Initiation of Heritable Repression of Genes Frequently Silenced with Cancer-Specific DNA Hypermethylation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Polycomb CBX7 Promotes Initiation of Heritable Repression of Genes Frequently Silenced with Cancer-Specific DNA Hypermethylation
Molecular characterization of the S locus in two self-incompatible Brassica napus lines. (1996)

In Brassica species, self-incompatibility has been mapped genetically to a single chromosomal location. In this region, there are two closely linked genes coding for the S locus glycoprotein (SLG) and S locus receptor kinase (SRK). They appear to comprise the pistil component of the self-incompatibility reaction. SLG and SRK are thought to recognize an unknown pollen component on the incompatible pollen, and the gene encoding this pollen component must also be linked to the SLG and SRK genes. To further our understanding of self-incompatibility, the chromosomal region carrying the SLG and SRK genes has been studied. The physical region between the SLG-910 and the SRK-910 genes in the Brassica napus W1 line was cloned, and a search for genes expressed in the anther revealed two additional S locus genes located downstream of the SLG-910 gene. Because these two genes are novel and are conserved at other S alleles, we designated them as SLL1 and SLL2 (for S locus-linked genes 1 and 2, respectively). The SLL1 gene is S locus specific, whereas the SLL2 gene is not only present at the S locus but is also present in other parts of the genomes in both self-incompatible and self-compatible Brassica ssp lines. Expression of the SLL1 gene is only detectable in anthers of self-incompatible plants and is developmentally regulated during anther development, whereas the SLL2 gene is expressed in anthers and stigmas in both self-incompatible and self-compatible plants, with the highest levels of expression occurring in the stigmas. Although SLL1 and SLL2 are linked to the S locus region, it is not clear whether these genes function in self-incompatibility or serve some other cellular roles in pollen-pistil functions.
Free-radical diazocoupling. A new general reaction of diazonium salts (1982)

We now describe new general synthesis of alkylaryldiazenes on the basis of the reactions of Scheme I: &#13;\nR- + N=N+-Ar -&gt; RN=N.+-Ar (1)&#13;\nRN=N.+-Ar + M"+ -&gt; RN=NAr + M(n+1)+ (2)&#13;\nof alkyl radicals to arenediazonium cations (eq 1) and reduction of the intermediate azo radical cation adducts by metal salts (M"+, eq 2). Several sources of alkyl radicals R. were found suitable for this reaction.
Plasma level and tissue expression of angiogenic factors in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (2005)

The value of angiogenic factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) to evaluate their role in HHT pathogenesis. IL-8 and VEGF were measured in plasma of 41 HHT patients and healthy controls by ELISA technique. In both groups, the IL-8 and VEGF tissue expression in cryostat sections of the nasal mucosa were then compared. VEGF plasma levels were significantly increased in HHT patients compared to healthy controls. In contrast, the IL-8 plasma levels in both groups did not show any significant difference. Compared to healthy controls, HHT tissue samples showed a weak IL-8 staining, whereas the VEGF staining was very strong. The plasma levels of VEGF and IL-8 could not be correlated to the patients' clinicopathological findings. Additionally to the angiogenic pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8, the angiogenic factor VEGF seems to play a major role in HHT pathogenesis.
Fronthaul Load-Reduced Scalable Cell-Free massive MIMO by Uplink Hybrid Signal Processing (2022)

This paper proposes hybrid signal processing schemes for the uplink cell-free massive MIMO; these schemes serve to reduce fronthaul loads to obtain a scalable centralized processing architecture. In this architecture, received signals of multiple receive antennas at the access points (APs) are compressed into fewer streams by local spatial signal processing and then the streams are forwarded to a central processing unit (CPU) via fronthaul, and the CPU performs scalable processing for channel estimation and signal detection based on partial minimum mean squared error (PMMSE). We propose two kinds of concrete local signal processing methods for this hybrid processing architecture: one is based on MMSE, and the other is based on principal component analysis (PCA) with eigenvalue decomposition (EVD). For the EVD, a local vector selection based EVD (LVS-EVD) that selects uniform number of eigenvectors for each AP in a standalone way, and a global vector selection based EVD (GVS-EVD) that determines the dimensions of the weight vector of each AP in the CPU, are further considered. Computer simulations verify the approaches and compare their effectiveness. In addition, we show that the GVS-EVD scheme can be operated with significantly reduced fronthaul loads without severe performance degradation.
Harsh Environment Microtechnologies for NASA and Terrestrial Applications (2006)

Although tremendous progress has been made in recent years in the development of microtechnologies for use in harsh environments, these technologies are mostly in the research domain. Space exploration missions provide a rich application area for these technologies, given the diversity of interesting planetary exploration targets identified by NASA. Also, miniaturization is very important for NASA missions and many terrestrial applications because of the tremendous savings in mass, size and power consumption. Terrestrial applications abound in the aeronautical, automotive, petrochemical, nuclear and medical fields. This paper presents an overview of some of the key requirements for harsh environment applications as well as a brief description of promising developments in SOI, SiC and III-Nitride technologies.
meso‐Dibenzoporphycene has a Large Bathochromic Shift and a Porphycene Framework with an UnusualcisTautomeric Form (2015)

meso-Monobenzoporphycene (mMBPc) and meso-dibenzoporphycene (mDBPc), in which one or two benzene moieties are fused at ethylene-bridged positions (meso-positions) of porphycene, were prepared in an effort to further delocalize the π-electrons within the porphycene molecule. mMBPc and mDBPc were fully characterized by mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The longest-wavelength Q-bands of mMBPc and mDBPc are red-shifted by 92 nm and 418 nm, respectively, compared to that of the unsubstituted porphycene (Pc). Electrochemical measurements indicate that the HOMO is destabilized and the LUMO is stabilized by the fused benzene moieties at the meso positions. Furthermore, both XPS and theoretical studies support the presence of a cis tautomeric form in the ground state of mDBPc, despite the fact that essentially all known porphycene derivatives adopt the trans tautomeric form.
Light Body for Small Vehicles Using High-Quality Die-Casting Component (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A high-quality die-casting technology has been developed for lightweight aluminum frame structures that produces high-strength aluminum parts that are also weldable. This new technology has been used in casting frames for motorcycles and snowmobiles and has enabled improved frame designs with far fewer component parts than was possible before. This die-casting technology also results in a significant reduction in energy consumption during the manufacturing process.&lt;/div&gt;
Random threshold for linear model selection, revisited (2012)

In We introduce a simple modification which removes the dependency of the proposed estimator on a window parameter while maintaining its asymptotic properties. A simulation study suggests that both procedures compare favorably to standard thresholding approaches, such as multiple testing or model-based clustering, in terms of the binary classification risk. An application of the method to the problem of activation detection on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is discussed.
The Observation of Electrochemical Dissolution of Lithium Metal Using Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance and in-Situ Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy (1998)

The electrochemical behavior of lithium metal in nonaqueous electrolytes containing a small amount of HF was analyzed using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (ECQCM) and in-situ fluid tapping mode atomic force microscopy (F-TMAFM). The mass change obtained by the ECQCM revealed that electrochemically dissolved lithium metal was accompanied by chemical reactions of the lithium metal with the nonaqueous electrolytes. On the other hand, the dissolution of the electrodeposited lithium metal was clearly observed with the F-TMAFM. This observation indicates that a breakdown of the surface film on the lithium metal takes place during the dissolution process. From these results obtained using the ECQCM and F-TMAFM methods, it can be concluded that the chemical reactions of lithium metal with nonaqueous electrolytes are caused by the breakdown of the surface film. This phenomenon is strongly related to the low Coulombic efficiency of the deposition and dissolution cycles of lithium metal in nonaqueous electrolytes containing HF.
Red‐blood‐cell manufacturing methods and storage solutions differentially induce pulmonary cell activation (2020)

Our findings show that manufacturing methods of RBC products impact pulmonary cell activation, which may be mediated by the generation of vesicles in the product. We suggest RBC manufacturing method may be an important factor in understanding the association between RBC transfusion and lung injury.
Size Independent Sensitivity to Biomolecular Surface Density Using Nanoscale CMOS Technology Transistors (2020)

We investigate the impact of field effect transistor (FET) transducer size on its sensitivity to biomolecular surface charge density, as would be encountered in a bulk biomolecule concentration measurement. We characterize electrolytically gated transistor sensors fabricated completely using CMOS FinFET technology and analyse a wide range of channel lengths (3000 nm to 450 nm) and widths (1000 nm to 60 nm). We measure saturated density of biomolecules on the transducer surface in order to eliminate variabilities related to association kinetics or affinity effects of the analyte-receptor biomolecules. We use transistor gate voltage shift to quantify the saturated PNA/DNA hybridization signal. We observe no significant dependence of saturated DNA hybridization signal (29.5 ± 3.7 mV) on transistor dimensions for 15 base pair long DNA with an areal density of about 8.3 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> DNA/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> measured in 1.5 mM buffer. We also confirm these experimental findings by 3D TCAD simulations for transistor widths down to 10 nm, with less than 6% variation in voltage transduction sensitivity versus width. TCAD analysis was also performed for scaling of the FET height from 250 nm down to 5 nm, resulting in a similar small drop in voltage transduction sensitivity (~ 5.5% for a 250 nm wide FET and ~ 14.6% for a 10 nm wide FET). These results show that the FET sensor downscaling does not significantly improve or degrade voltage transduction sensitivity to a charge (or molecule) density.
Selective modification of a native protein in a patient tissue homogenate using palladium nanoparticles (2019)

We have developed new benign palladium nanoparticles able to catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction on human thyroglobulin (Tg), a naturally iodinated protein produced by the thyroid gland, in homogenates from patients' tissues. This represents the first example of a chemoselective native protein modification using transition metal nanoobjects in near-organ medium.
Application of Fragment Screening and Fragment Linking to the Discovery of Novel Thrombin Inhibitors (2006)

The screening of fragments is an alternative approach to high-throughput screening for the identification of leads for therapeutic targets. Fragment hits have been discovered using X-ray crystallographic screening of protein crystals of the serine protease enzyme thrombin. The fragment library was designed to avoid any well-precedented, strongly basic functionality. Screening hits included a novel ligand (3), which binds exclusively to the S2-S4 pocket, in addition to smaller fragments which bind to the S1 pocket. The structure of these protein-ligand complexes are presented. A chemistry strategy to link two such fragments together and to synthesize larger drug-sized compounds resulted in the efficient identification of hybrid inhibitors with nanomolar potency (e.g., 7, IC50 = 3.7 nM). These potent ligands occupy the same area of the active site as previously described peptidic inhibitors, while having very different chemical architecture.