gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of PAH with Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide in Coal Tar Lined Pipes (1998)

In presence of disinfectants, PAH are remobilized from the coal tar lining of water distribution mains. Reactions of the PAH with chlorine and chlorine dioxide can lead to chlorinated PAH that might show higher mutagenic effects than the parent PAH. The application of the solid-phase microextraction as a sampling preparation method in combination with a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric device is a reliable and useful method to achieve detection limits in the lower nanogramme-per-liter level for PAH and chlorinated PAH. Thus, the reactions of four PAH (anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, and phenanthrene) with chlorine and chlorine dioxide under conditions prevalent in drinking water distribution systems could be investigated. In batch experiments with demineralized and drinking water at pH 7, the concentrations of fluoranthene, fluorene, and phenanthrene remained constant, whereas anthracene reacted quantitatively with both disinfectants. In these reactions, no chlorinated products could be detected, only mono-hydroxyanthracene and anthraquinone were formed. A reaction mechanism for both reaction products is proposed. The results suggest that oxidation is the major pathway of the reaction of PAH with disinfectants in the systems under investigation. Untersuchungen zur Reaktion von PAK mit Chlor und Chlordioxid in teergetauchten Rohrleitungen Bei der Verteilung von Trinkwasser in teergetauchten Rohrleitungen werden bei Anwendung von Chlor und Chlordioxid PAK aus den Rohrbeschichtungen remobilisiert, die mit dem Desinfektionsmittel umgesetzt werden können. Einige chlorierte Reaktionsprodukte weisen gegenüber den Stamm-PAK eine erhöhte Mutagenität auf. Die Verfahrenskombination SPME/GC-MS (Festphasenmikroextraktion mit Gaschromatographie und Massenspektrometrie) erlaubt die Bestimmung von PAK und chlorierten PAK im unteren Nanogramm-pro-Liter-Bereich. Damit war es möglich, Versuche zur Umsetzung der PAK Anthracen, Fluoranthen, Fluoren und Phenanthren mit den Desinfektionsmitteln Chlor und Chlordioxid unter Bedingungen und in Konzentrationsbereichen durchzuführen, die sich an der Praxis der Trinkwasserversorgung orientierten. Bei pH = 7 reagieren Fluoranthen, Fluoren und Phenanthren nicht mit den Desinfektionsmitteln, Anthracen wird dagegen vollständig umgesetzt. In den Standversuchen, die in demineralisiertem Wasser und Trinkwasser durchgeführt wurden, konnten keine chlorierten Produkte des Anthracens nachgewiesen werden. Vielmehr wird Anthracen von beiden Desinfektionsmitteln über Mono-hydroxyanthracen zu Anthrachinon oxidiert. Hierzu wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen. Den Untersuchungsergebnissen zufolge ist Oxidation als Hauptreaktionsmechanismus in den untersuchten Systemen für die Reaktion von PAK mit Desinfektionsmitteln anzusehen.
Batimastat, a potent matrix mealloproteinase inhibitor, exhibits an unexpected mode of binding. (1996)

Matrix metalloproteinase enzymes have been implicated in degenerative processes like tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and arthritis. Specific metalloproteinase inhibitors have been used to block tumor cell proliferation. We have examined the interaction of batimastat (BB-94) with a metalloproteinase [atrolysin C (Ht-d), EC 3.4.24.42] active site at 2.0-angstroms resolution (R = 16.8%). The title structure exhibits an unexpected binding geometry, with the thiophene ring deeply inserted into the primary specificity site. This unprecedented binding geometry dramatizes the significance of the cavernous primary specificity site, pointing the way for the design of a new generation of potential antitumor drugs.
DNA topoisomerase targets of the fluoroquinolones: A strategy for avoiding bacterial resistance (1997)

Fluoroquinolones are antibacterial agents that attack DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV on chromosomal DNA. The existence of two fluoroquinolone targets and stepwise accumulation of resistance suggested that new quinolones could be found that would require cells to obtain two topoisomerase mutations to display resistance. For wild-type cells to become resistant, the two mutations must be acquired concomitantly. That is expected to occur infrequently. To identify such compounds, fluoroquinolones were tested for the ability to kill a moderately resistant gyrase mutant. Compounds containing a C8-methoxyl group were particularly lethal, and incubation of wild-type cultures on agar containing C8-methoxyl fluoroquinolones produced no resistant mutant, whereas thousands arose during comparable treatment with control compounds lacking the C8 substituent. When the test strain contained a preexisting topoisomerase IV mutation, which by itself conferred no resistance, equally high numbers of resistant mutants were obtained for C8-methoxyl and control compounds. Thus C8-methoxyl fluoroquinolones required two mutations for expression of resistance. Although highly lethal, C8-methoxyl fluoroquinolones were not more effective than C8-H controls at blocking bacterial growth. Consequently, quinolone action involves two events, which we envision as formation of drug-enzyme-DNA complexes followed by release of lethal double-strand DNA breaks. Release of DNA breaks, which must occur less frequently than complex formation, is probably the process stimulated by the C8-methoxyl group. Understanding this stimulation should provide insight into intracellular quinolone action and contribute to development of fluoroquinolones that prevent selection of resistant bacteria.
Down-Conversion Nitride Materials for Solid State Lighting: Recent Advances and Perspectives (2018)

Advances in solid state white lighting technologies witness the explosive development of phosphor materials (down-conversion luminescent materials). A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the revolutionary role of the emerging nitride phosphors in producing superior white light-emitting diodes for lighting and display applications. The structural and compositional versatility together with the unique local coordination environments enable nitride materials to have compelling luminescent properties such as abundant emission colors, controllable photoluminescence spectra, high conversion efficiency, and small thermal quenching/degradation. Here, we summarize the state-of-art progress on this novel family of luminescent materials and discuss the topics of materials discovery, crystal chemistry, structure-related luminescence, temperature-dependent luminescence, and spectral tailoring. We also overview different types of nitride phosphors and their applications in solid state lighting, including general illumination, backlighting, and laser-driven lighting. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this type of promising down-conversion materials are highlighted.
Enterprise JavaBeans 3.0 (2006)

This fifth edition, written by Bill Burke and Richard Monson-Haefel, has been updated to capture the very latest need-to-know Java technologies in the same award-winning fashion that drove the success of the previous four editions. Its easy-to-follow style and hundreds of practical examples help you simplify the complex world of EJB - without the costly trial and error
OBJECT CLASSIFICATION VIA PLANAR ABSTRACTION (2016)

We present a supervised machine learning approach for classification of objects from sampled point data. The main idea consists in first abstracting the input object into planar parts at several scales, then discriminate between the different classes of objects solely through features derived from these planar shapes. Abstracting into planar shapes provides a means to both reduce the computational complexity and improve robustness to defects inherent to the acquisition process. Measuring statistical properties and relationships between planar shapes offers invariance to scale and orientation. A random forest is then used for solving the multiclass classification problem. We demonstrate the potential of our approach on a set of indoor objects from the Princeton shape benchmark and on objects acquired from indoor scenes and compare the performance of our method with other point-based shape descriptors.
Flooding Topology Computation Algorithm (2000)

This document proposes an algorithm for a node to compute a flooding
topology, which is a subgraph of the complete topology per underline
physical network. When every node in an area automatically calculates
a flooding topology by using a same algorithm and floods the link
states using the flooding topology, the amount of flooding traffic in
the network is greatly reduced. This would reduce convergence time
with a more stable and optimized routing environment.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Teneurins: Conserved Features and Premetazoan Ancestry (2011)

Teneurins are type II transmembrane proteins expressed during pattern formation and neurogenesis with an intracellular domain that can be transported to the nucleus and an extracellular domain that can be shed into the extracellular milieu. In Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mouse the knockdown or knockout of teneurin expression can lead to abnormal patterning, defasciculation, and abnormal pathfinding of neurites, and the disruption of basement membranes. Here, we have identified and analyzed teneurins from a broad range of metazoan genomes for nuclear localization sequences, protein interaction domains, and furin cleavage sites and have cloned and sequenced the intracellular domains of human and avian teneurins to analyze alternative splicing. The basic organization of teneurins is highly conserved in Bilateria: all teneurins have epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats, a cysteine-rich domain, and a large region identical in organization to the carboxy-half of prokaryotic YD-repeat proteins. Teneurins were not found in the genomes of sponges, cnidarians, or placozoa, but the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis has a gene encoding a predicted teneurin with a transmembrane domain, EGF repeats, a cysteine-rich domain, and a region homologous to YD-repeat proteins. Further examination revealed that most of the extracellular domain of the M. brevicollis teneurin is encoded on a single huge 6,829-bp exon and that the cysteine-rich domain is similar to sequences found in an enzyme expressed by the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This leads us to suggest that teneurins are complex hybrid fusion proteins that evolved in a choanoflagellate via horizontal gene transfer from both a prokaryotic gene and a diatom or algal gene, perhaps to improve the capacity of the choanoflagellate to bind to its prokaryotic prey. As choanoflagellates are considered to be the closest living relatives of animals, the expression of a primitive teneurin by an ancestral choanoflagellate may have facilitated the evolution of multicellularity and complex histogenesis in metazoa.
Identification of mutation-specific tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from metastatic ovarian cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Novel interventions are needed for the treatment of women with metastatic ovarian cancer that causes 14,000 deaths each year in the USA. Retrospective analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) infused into patients who achieved complete, durable regressions of metastatic
Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections (2012)

Patients with cancer are at increased risk for developing infectious complications during the course of their disease and treatment. The following sections of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections provide an overview of the risk factors for infectious complications, recommendations for infectious risk categorization, and strategies for prevention of infections in high-risk patient populations with cancer. Individualized risk evaluation for infections and incorporation of preventative measures are essential components of the overall spectrum of cancer care, and may contribute to optimizing treatment outcomes for patients.
Position sensorless instantaneous torque control based on sinusoidal tracking current control system for IPMSM and IM (2016)

The control system based on a sinusoidal tracking current controller and the primary flux linkage estimation on the stationary reference frame is proposed in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). This control system is low-parameter sensitivity and it is superior to the disturbance suppression characteristics than a PI current controller. This paper constitutes a similar control system in induction motor (IM). In addition, this paper describes how to constitute in the IM of the control system which has been proposed in the IPMSM. Furthermore, the disturbance suppression characteristics of the sinusoidal tracking current controller shows to be superior to the PI current controller in the IM. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed system is confirmed through the simulation results of speed acceleration and deceleration control and flux-weakening control. Moreover, this paper describes the differences of control structure and control performance between the IPMSM and the IM.
Influence of a Liquid Electrolyte on Electronic and Ionic Transfers in a LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/Poly(vinylidene Fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-Based Composite Material (2021)

The permittivity and conductivity of a porous composite consisting of a mixture of a lithium-ion battery electrode material, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532), and a polymeric binder, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), were simultaneously measured by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). The composite was either dry or wetted with a conventional battery electrolyte [LP30, LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethylcarbonate (EC/DMC)] or a mixture of electrolytic solvents (EC/DMC). The experimental results show that the electronic conductivity of NMC532 was much higher than that obtained with LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC333). In addition, a strong influence of liquids was evidenced. Dipolar species (in particular, EC dipoles) and ions (in particular, PF6– in LP30) considerably increased the surface conductivity of NMC532 clusters, leading to a facilitated electronic transfer from one cluster to another. The effective ionic conductivity was measured and compared to the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte to express the tortuosity factor of this composite electrode.
Principle of topography-directed inkjet printing for functional micro-tracks in flexible substrates (2017)

We present a general principle of topography-directed (TD) inkjet printing for functional micro-tracks embedded in a flexible elastomer substrate. The essential features of the TD inkjet printing in a micro-structured substrate with periodic grooves and ridges are described in terms of the topographic parameters for the transformation from a single droplet to a filament or an edge-disjoint pattern of ink in the groove. Silver ink, being widely used for producing conductive wires by conventional inkjet printing, is utilized as a testbed in our study. The underlying mechanisms for the spreading and drying processes of ink drops under the topographic compartment can be understood in a two-dimensional parameter space of the aspect ratio of the groove and the contact angle of ink on the substrate. The wetting morphologies of ink droplets are described in an analytical model where the Laplace pressure and the mean curvature at the vapor/ink interface are taken into account. The first principle of the TD inkjet printing would be applicable for constructing a variety of functional micro-tracks with high pattern fidelity from different classes of solutions such as conducting polymers, organic semiconductors, and colloidal nanoparticles.
2-User multiple access spatial modulation (2011)

Spatial modulation (SM) is a recently proposed approach to multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems which entirely avoids inter-channel interference (ICI) and requires no synchronisation between the transmit antennas, while achieving a spatial multiplexing gain. SM allows the system designer to freely trade off the number of transmit antennas with the signal constellation. Additionally, the number of transmit antennas is independent from the number of receive antennas which is an advantage over other multiplexing MIMO schemes. Most contributions thus far, however, have only addressed SM aspects for a point-to-point communication systems, i.e. the single-user scenario. In this work we seek to characterise the behaviour of SM in the interference limited scenario. The proposed maximum-likelihood (ML) detector can successfully decode incoming data from multiple sources in an interference limited scenario and does not suffer from the near-far problem.
A novel on-screen keyboard for hierarchical navigation with reduced number of key strokes (2009)

This paper discusses about on-screen keyboard with hierarchical character or symbol organization which are operated by an accompanying remote control to allow navigation with reduced number of key strokes and enhanced user experience for using convergent services like internet browsing, short message service (SMS), Instant Messaging (IM) on devices like TV or Set Top Box obviating the need for separate physical keyboard.
Broadband Sub-{\lambda} GHz ITO Plasmonic Mach-Zehnder Modulator on Silicon Photonics (2019)

Here, we demonstrate a spectrally broadband, GHz-fast Mach-Zehnder interferometeric modulator, exhibiting a miniscule VpL of 95 V-um, deploying a sub-wavelength short electrostatically tunable plasmonic phase-shifter, based on heterogeneously integrated ITO thin films into silicon photonics.
Simulating Thermoelectric Effect and Its Impact on Asymmetric Weld Nugget Growth in Aluminum Resistance Spot Welding (2020)

Abstract Resistance spot welding (RSW) of aluminum–aluminum (Al–Al) is known to be very challenging, with the asymmetric growth of the weld nugget often observed. In this article, a semicoupled electrical–thermal–mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) procedure was established to simulate the RSW of two layers of AA6022-T4 sheets using a specially designed Multi-Ring Domed (MRD) electrodes. Critical to the modeling procedure was the thermoelectric (including the Peltier, Thomson, and Seebeck effects) analyses to simulate the asymmetric nugget growth in the welding stage. Key input parameters such as the Seebeck coefficients and high-temperature flow stress curves were measured. Simulation results, experimentally validated, indicated that the newly developed procedure could successfully predict the asymmetric weld nugget growth. Simulation results also showed the Seebeck effect in the holding stage. The simulations represent the first quantitative investigation of the impact of the thermoelectric effects on resistance spot welding.
Selectivity enhancements in gel‐based DNA‐nanoparticle assays by membrane‐induced isotachophoresis: thermodynamics versus kinetics (2017)

Selectivity against mutant nontargets with a few mismatches remains challenging in nucleic acid sensing. Sensitivity enhancement by analyte concentration does not improve selectivity because it affects targets and nontargets equally. Hydrodynamic or electrical shear enhanced selectivity is often accompanied by substantial losses in target signals, thereby leading to poor limits of detection. We introduce a platform based on depletion isotachophoresis in agarose gel generated by an ion-selective membrane that allows both selectivity and sensitivity enhancement with a two-step assay involving concentration polarization at an ion-selective membrane. By concentrating both the targets and probe-functionalized nanoparticles by ion enrichment at the membrane, the effective thermodynamic dissociation constant is lowered from 40 nM to below 500 pM, and the detection limit is 10 pM as reported previously. A dynamically optimized ion depletion front is then generated from the membrane with a high electrical shear force to selectively and irreversibly dehybridize nontargets. The optimized selectivity against a two-mismatch nontarget (in a 35-base pairing sequence) is shown to be better than the thermodynamic equilibrium selectivity by more than a hundred-fold, such that there is no detectable signal from the two-mismatch nontarget. We offer empirical evidence that irreversible cooperative dehybridization plays an important role in this kinetic selectivity enhancement and that mismatch location controls the optimum selectivity even when there is little change in the corresponding thermodynamic dissociation constant.
Mechanisms of Renal and Salivary Calculi Formation and Development (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Classification of Renal Calculi and Formation Mechanisms Mechanisms of Formation of Sialoliths References
Electronic structure of ferricenium ion (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structure of ferricenium ionY. S. Sohn, David N. Hendrickson, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 10, 3233–3234Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00713a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00713a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1146Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSIVE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 INFECTION IN A KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENT (1998)

We report a unique case of a renal transplant patient with a long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection and who is asymptomatic despite sustained immunosuppression. Renal function is normal, and HIV infection was probably acquired through blood transfusion before the transplant. Nonprogression may be due either to an effective immune control of HIV replication or to particular genetic aspects of the virus. Several virological investigations were carried out to verify if she is infected with an attenuated virus strain. Results show an unusual combination of high and stable CD4 count, ongoing viral replication and elevated viral loads. Attempts to isolate the virus from plasma were unsuccessful, but isolation was possible from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the virus was shown to be non-syncytium-inducing. Sequence analysis of the nef gene revealed no mutation. This exceptional lack of progression of HIV infection under immunosuppressive therapy requires further investigation.