gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Thermal-Conductivity Densified Graphitic Foams as Novel Bearing Materials (2008)

The high–thermal–conductivity graphitic foams (foam–reinforced carbon–carbon composites) developed at ORNL have been mainly used for thermal management, as in heat sinks for electronic circuit boards and highly–efficient automotive radiators. However, recent studies in our laboratory have rather unexpectedly revealed their potential as novel bearing materials. In addition to their low density and potential for weight savings, there are three primary tribological advantages of the graphitic foam materials: (1) their graphitic structures provide self–lubricating qualities, (2) their extraordinarily high thermal conductivity aids in the efficient removal of frictionally–generated heat, and (3) the pores in the foam serve both as wear debris traps and lubricant reservoirs. Previous studies on the densified graphitic foam (DGF) sliding against steel and alumina at relatively low speed (1 m/s) and low load (10 N), revealed their encouraging self–lubricating behavior, comparable to solid graphite while much better than bronze and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). In this study, pin–on–disk tests with higher speeds (2, 6, and 10 m/s) and higher loads (322 N) were conducted on DGF and graphite disks sliding against a DGF pin. The surface temperature on the graphite disk increased rapidly due to frictional heating and the friction coefficient increased proportionally with surface temperature when it was higher than 40 °C. The DGF disk, however, ran much cooler due to the higher thermal conductivity, and more impressively, the friction coefficient remained low and constant even at elevated disk temperatures. This suggests high potential for the graphitic foam material in weight–sensitive, high–speed, and elevated temperature bearing applications.
Activated Src Oncogene Phosphorylates R-Ras and Suppresses Integrin Activity (2002)

One of the prominent effects of the Src kinase is to reduce cell adhesion. The small GTPase, R-Ras, affects cell adhesion by maintaining integrin activity, and the ability of R-Ras to do so can be regulated by phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue located in its effector domain by an Eph receptor kinase (Zou, J. X., Wang, B., Kalo, M. S., Zisch, A. H., Pasquale, E. B., and Ruoslahti, E. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 13813-13818). Here we show that Src regulates cell adhesion through R-Ras and integrins. Reduced substrate attachment of 293T cells transfected with the cDNA for an activated form of Src (v-Src) was accompanied by phosphorylation of endogenous R-Ras. v-Src also phosphorylated R-Ras in vitro. An activated form of Src similar to one that has been found in human cancers, Src527, shared with v-Src the ability to phosphorylate R-Ras. Stronger R-Ras phosphorylation was seen in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cells transformed with temperature-sensitive v-Src at the permissive temperature than at the non-permissive temperature, and R-Ras and Src co-immunoprecipitated at the permissive temperature. Mutation analysis showed that the Src phosphorylation site in R-Ras was tyrosine 66, the position critical to the ability of R-Ras to support integrin activity. Finally, activated R-Ras in which tyrosine 66 is mutated to phenylalanine rendered cells partially resistant to the effects of Src on cell adhesion. Regulation of cell adhesion by Src through R-Ras may be at least partially responsible for the reduced adhesion and the resulting increased invasiveness of Src-transformed cells.
Low-cost solar-grade silicon: Purification and consolidation of silicon fines from wafering (2010)

More than 90% of commercial solar cells are produced using mono- and poly-crystalline silicon, with estimated about 15,000 MT of silicon feedstock used in 2008. Future silicon use is estimated to grow proportionally with the solar industry (30%/y). Substantial amounts of highly refined polycrystalline silicon material are wasted in the final stages of producing ingots and in wafer slicing. Recycling of wasted silicon in the form of fines generated in deposition reactors and in slicing operation can lower the production cost of solar-grade silicon feedstock to less than $10/kg, and substantially shorten energy payback time. The SRI International developed technology is based on the prepurification and simultaneous melt-consolidation and further purification of silicon fines from wafering operations. The consolidated product in form of granules and ingots with a resistivity range of 1 to 5 Ω·cm can be used in the melt growth of both single-crystal and polysilicon ingots for use in photovoltaic cells.
Real time path planning for threat assessment and collision avoidance by steering (2013)

Auto-brake systems have been on the market for a few years, but in order to continue improving their performance, multi-target threat assessment is a key component. The goal is to trigger braking as soon as possible, but only if necessary, by detecting when a collision can no longer be avoided via steering. This is done by looking at all objects in the road scene, including other vehicles and barriers, and then looking for escape paths. The paper presents an extension of previous work in this area where escape paths are found in a scenario with generally positioned objects. The escape paths are parametrized in a smooth way that is suitable for both threat assessment, i.e., finding the driver's options in a given situation, and for planning and controlling the vehicle laterally.
Designing a Non‐Volatile Imaging Switch for Mass‐Persistent, Chemically Amplified Photolithography: A Model Study. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
S3437 Antibiotic Therapy Followed by Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Alleviates Epilepsy – A Case Report (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures which are caused by a temporary disruption of electrical activity in the brain. There are many different types of epilepsy and people’s experiences differ greatly. Epilepsy can start at any age although it is more likely to be diagnosed in childhood. Half of the causes of epilepsy are still unknown. One hypothesis is that epilepsy may be due to dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiome and molecules generated there subsequently influence the gut-brain-axis. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: Our case is a 33-year-old male patient who has a long history of seizures and gastrointestinal problems, treated at our institute since 2011. He was diagnosed with epilepsy at the age of five after having approximately five seizures per day. Treatment with anticonvulsants was exhaustive as he had both single and combination drug dosages to maximal levels from age 5 to 17 years. Investigation for surgical intervention was proposed to which he refused to consent. At the age of six, he had stomach pains and sleep disturbances which led to diagnosis of ileitis and sleep apnoea. He was commenced on Continuous positive airway pressure for sleep apnoea but discontinued due to lack of improvement. At the same time, he had “gut feelings” with confusion like sensations 2-7 times/day and sleepiness which led to diagnosis of reactive hypoglycaemia and insulin resistance. He presented to our institute for treatment for ileitis. He was assessed and prescribed antibiotics. At the time that antibiotic treatment was commenced, he was sleeping in his mother’s room as convulsions were occurring every 2 hours from 3am to 9am with abnormal breathing noted ahead of time. On the first night after antibiotic treatment commenced, his breathing became regular and interestingly he could be moved back to his own bedroom. Extraordinarily, his sleep apnoea ceased, and seizures reduced in frequency and severity. He was then treated with Faecal Microbiota transplantation (FMT) via rectal enema followed by oral FMT capsules which further reduced seizures (no full seizures for 3-4 months) and “gut feelings” in frequency and improved his quality of life. DISCUSSION: This case indicates that antibiotics and FMT treatment may be effective in alleviating epilepsy symptoms. It also provides further evidence of possible gut dysbiosis as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
Oxygen-Stabilized Organoaluminum Compounds as Highly Active Cocatalysts for Ziegler−Natta Olefin Polymerization (2003)

The hydroalumination of the allyl ethers CH2CHCH2OR with iBu2AlH yields the (3-alkoxypropyl)diisobutylaluminum complexes iBu2Al(CH2)3OR (R = Me (1), Et (2), Bu (3)). Et2AlCl and iBu2AlCl react with (2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)lithium and (2-methoxybenzyl)magnesium chloride, yielding (2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)diethylaluminum (4), (2-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)diisobutylaluminum (5), and (2-methoxybenzyl)diisobutylaluminum (7), respectively. The reaction of iBu2AlCl with (2-methoxyphenyl)lithium affords the dimeric bis((2-methoxyphenyl)diisobutylaluminum) (6). Et2AlCl and (8-ethoxynaphthyl)lithium form (8-ethoxynaphthyl)diethylaluminum (10) along with a few crystals of bis(8-ethoxynaphthyl)aluminum chloride (13). AlCl3 reacts with 2 equiv of (2-methoxybenzyl)magnesium chloride, yielding bis(2-methoxybenzyl)aluminum chloride (9). Ligand redistribution followed by metathesis was observed for the reactions of Me2AlCl and Et2AlCl with (2-methoxybenzyl)magnesium and (8-methoxynaphthyl)lithium, yielding bis(2-methoxybenzyl)methylaluminum (8), bis(8-methoxynaphthyl)methylaluminum (11), and bis(8-methoxynaphthyl)ethylaluminum (12), respectively. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The solid-state structures of 6, 8, 9, and 11−13 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The new aluminum alkyls are very active cocatalysts in the TiCl4-catalyzed ethylene polymerization. 7 and 10 cause a higher productivity compared to the common cocatalyst Al2Et6. The activity depends strongly on the structure of the oxygen-stabilized aluminum alkyls and is also influenced by the Al/Ti ratio.
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Net: Selective Forgetting in Deep\n Networks (2019)

We explore the problem of selectively forgetting a particular subset of the\ndata used for training a deep neural network. While the effects of the data to\nbe forgotten can be hidden from the output of the network, insights may still\nbe gleaned by probing deep into its weights. We propose a method for\n"scrubbing'" the weights clean of information about a particular set of\ntraining data. The method does not require retraining from scratch, nor access\nto the data originally used for training. Instead, the weights are modified so\nthat any probing function of the weights is indistinguishable from the same\nfunction applied to the weights of a network trained without the data to be\nforgotten. This condition is a generalized and weaker form of Differential\nPrivacy. Exploiting ideas related to the stability of stochastic gradient\ndescent, we introduce an upper-bound on the amount of information remaining in\nthe weights, which can be estimated efficiently even for deep neural networks.\n
Cough Diary based on Sound Classification, Source Validation and Event Detection (2022)

Coughing is a cardinal symptom of pulmonary and respiratory diseases, such as asthma, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The cough type, strength and frequency are indicators of the disease progression. Thus, several studies focused on the quantitative reporting of coughs through recording by a smart-phone and a sound classifier to provide a cough diary for a patient. However, those approaches report any cough, even coughs which are not caused by the patient. Thus, in this study, we aim to not only detect cough episodes, but also cough events and account coughs produced by the particular patient only. Accordingly, we report on an end-to-end solution for a patient cough diary consisting of three convolutional neural networks. The first recognizes respiratory sounds, including coughing by multi-class classification. The second validates if the cough was produced by the patient. It is based on a Siamese network using triplet-loss during training. Finally, individual cough events are detected by a cough onset classifier. For these three recognition models, we achieved an accuracy of 94%, 74%, and 94%, respectively. Furthermore, we explored the human-level performance of cough source validation through a field experiment involving 10 subjects. Our source validation model slightly outperformed the human cohort in the cough memorization task.
Abstract 16998: Impact of Annual Operator Volume on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes: A United States Experience From 2,243,209 procedures (2013)

Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volume is often used as a surrogate to define quality and maintain proficiency (> 75 PCI/year). Currently there lacks definite evidence to sup...
Evaluation of FOXP2 as an autism susceptibility gene (2002)

A mutation in the gene FOXP2 was recently identified as being responsible for a complicated speech and language phenotype in a single large extended pedigree. This gene is of interest to autism because it lies in one of the most consistently linked autism chromosomal regions of interest. We therefore tested this gene for its involvement in autism in a large sample of autism families. We completely sequenced the exon containing the mutation, screened the remaining coding sequence using SSCP technology, and identified and genotyped two novel intronic tetranucleotide repeat polymorphisms that were then analyzed for evidence of linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD). We identified two families in which heterozygous deletions of a small number of glutamines in a long poly-glutamine stretch were found in one parent and the autistic probands; no other non-conservative coding sequence changes were identified. Linkage and LD analyses were performed in 75 affected sibling pair families and in two subgroups of this sample defined by the presence/absence of severe language impairment. One allele appeared to have an opposite pattern of transmission in the language based subgroups, but otherwise the linkage and LD analyses were negative. We conclude that FOXP2 is unlikely to contribute significantly to autism susceptibility.
CE3.h: Merge candidates derivation from vector shifting (2013)

Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video Coding Extensions of ITU-T SG 16 WP 3 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11, JCT3V-D0178, 4th Meeting: Incheon, KR, 20-26 Apr. 2013.
SMET: Systematic multiple enzyme targeting – a method to rationally design optimal strains for target chemical overproduction (2013)

Identifying multiple enzyme targets for metabolic engineering is very critical for redirecting cellular metabolism to achieve desirable phenotypes, e.g., overproduction of a target chemical. The challenge is to determine which enzymes and how much of these enzymes should be manipulated by adding, deleting, under-, and/or over-expressing associated genes. In this study, we report the development of a systematic multiple enzyme targeting method (SMET), to rationally design optimal strains for target chemical overproduction. The SMET method combines both elementary mode analysis and ensemble metabolic modeling to derive SMET metrics including l-values and c-values that can identify rate-limiting reaction steps and suggest which enzymes and how much of these enzymes to manipulate to enhance product yields, titers, and productivities. We illustrated, tested, and validated the SMET method by analyzing two networks, a simple network for concept demonstration and an Escherichia coli metabolic network for aromatic amino acid overproduction. The SMET method could systematically predict simultaneous multiple enzyme targets and their optimized expression levels, consistent with experimental data from the literature, without performing an iterative sequence of single-enzyme perturbation. The SMET method was much more efficient and effective than single-enzyme perturbation in terms of computation time and finding improved solutions.
A new series of mono- and dipiperidine, oxazoline, and oxazolidine crown ethers. Stability constants, ion transport rates, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies (1987)

A series of monopiperidine, 1, dipiperidine 2, 3 (syn and and), as well as the corresponding oxazoline and oxazolidine crown ethers have been prepared and their ionophoric properties evaluated. The syn-dipiperidine 2c turned out to be a particularly efficient Ca 2+ ligand (log K = 9.7). 13 C and 23 Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the nature of the complex between the monopiperidine 1c, the syn-dipiperidine 2c, and Ca 2+ and Na + ions. In methanol–water solution, the dimeric salt (2c) 2 Ca exhibits both a tight or asymmetric and a symmetric or loose ion pair between the cation and the carboxylate groups. Sodium-23 chemical shifts and line-width variation both support a 1:1 complex with 1c and 2c. The structural results correlate with observations from ion transport experiments.
Abstract 3951: Imaging exosome transfer from colon cancer cells to stroma at liver metastatic sites in nude mouse. (2013)

Abstract Exosomes play an important role in cell-to-cell communication to promote tumor metastasis. In order to image the fate of cancer-cell-derived exosomes in liver metastasis of colon cancer, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged CD63, which is a general marker of exosomes. GFP-exosome producing RFP human colon cancer HCT cells (HCT-RFP/GFP- Exo cells) were injected in the spleen of nude mice. By day 28, HCT-RFP/GFP-Exo cells were visualized in the liver with the Olympus OV100 imaging system. HCT-RFP/GFP- Exo cells secrete GFP-exosomes in the liver metastasis site as observed with the Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope. Colon cancer cells secreted exosomes into the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-derived exosomes were incorporated into tumor-associated cells as well as circulating in the blood of mice with colon cancer metastases. These results suggest that tumor-derived exosomes may contribute to forming a niche to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of GFP imaging to investigate the role of exosomes in colon cancer liver metastasis. Citation Format: Atsushi Suetsugu, Kimi Homma, Shigetoyo Saji, Hisataka Moriwaki, Takahiro Ochiya, Robert M. Hoffman. Imaging exosome transfer from colon cancer cells to stroma at liver metastatic sites in nude mouse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3951. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3951
A GIS embedded decision support system for bicriteria location problems (2010)

In this paper we describe and exemplify the embedment of a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform in a decision support tool previously developed for bicriteria location problems. When the facilities to be located have environmental effects, they usually depend on different factors like the altitude and the morphology of the potential locations, the winds, the temperature, the humidity, etc., most of which can be more easily evaluated with a GIS. Given that Geographical Information Systems can be used to manipulate different kind of data from various sources, they can be a significant aid to obtain and manage information quite useful in location problems, particularly if they involve the installation of facilities with environmental effects.
Max-Affine Spline Insights Into Deep Network Pruning (2021)

In this paper, we study the importance of pruning in Deep Networks (DNs) and the yin &amp; yang relationship between (1) pruning highly overparametrized DNs that have been trained from random initialization and (2) training small DNs that have been "cleverly" initialized. As in most cases practitioners can only resort to random initialization, there is a strong need to develop a grounded understanding of DN pruning. Current literature remains largely empirical, lacking a theoretical understanding of how pruning affects DNs' decision boundary, how to interpret pruning, and how to design corresponding principled pruning techniques. To tackle those questions, we propose to employ recent advances in the theoretical analysis of Continuous Piecewise Affine (CPA) DNs. From this perspective, we will be able to detect the early-bird (EB) ticket phenomenon, provide interpretability into current pruning techniques, and develop a principled pruning strategy. In each step of our study, we conduct extensive experiments supporting our claims and results; while our main goal is to enhance the current understanding towards DN pruning instead of developing a new pruning method, our spline pruning criteria in terms of layerwise and global pruning is on par with or even outperforms state-of-the-art pruning methods.
Enhancing immunotherapy of STING agonist for lymphoma in preclinical models (2018)

Direct activation of tumor infiltrating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by intratumoral injection of STING agonists (STINGa) leads to regression of the treated lymphoma tumor. Because STING activation induces apoptosis in lymphoma cells in vitro, we distinguished between the direct therapeutic vs the indirect immunotherapeutic properties of STINGa in vivo. Employing wild-type or STING knockout hosts bearing either wild-type or STING knockout tumor cells, we demonstrated that local tumor regression is totally dependent on STING expression by the host and is therefore immune mediated. However, distant untreated tumors are weakly affected after injection of STINGa to a single tumor site. Therefore, using the STINGa currently being tested in clinical trials, we screened for immunomodulatory agents that could synergize with the STING pathway to induce a systemic antitumor immune response and regression of distant tumors. We combined the STINGa with agents that improve APC or T-cell function. We found that modulation of both APCs and T cells can enhance control of distant lymphoma tumors by STINGa. In particular, adding an anti-GITR antibody induced lymphocyte expansion in the lymph node draining the treated site followed by increased T-cell infiltration in the distant tumor. Furthermore, more of these CD8 T cells at the distant site expressed PD-1. Therefore, blockade of PD-1 further enhanced tumor control at the distant site, leading to cure in 50% of the mice. These preclinical data provide the rationale for testing local injection of STINGa followed by agonistic anti-GITR and anti-PD-1 antibodies as immunotherapy for human lymphoma.
On the efficient gathering of sufficient statistics for classification from large SQL databases (1998)

For a wide variety of classification algorithms, scalability to large databases can be achieved by observing that most algorithms are driven by a set of sufficient statistics that are significantly smaller than the data. By relying on a SQL backend to compute the sufficient statistics, we leverage the query processing system of SQL databases and avoid the need for moving data to the client. We present a new SQL operator (Unpivot) that enables efficient gathering of statistics with minimal changes to the SQL backend. Our approach results in significant increase in performance without requiring any changes to the physical layout of the data. We show analytically how this approach outperforms an alternative that requires changing in the data layout. We also compare effect of data representation and show that a &amp;quot;dense&amp;quot; representation may be preferred to a &amp;quot;sparse&amp;quot; one, even when the data are fairly sparse. Introduction The classification problem is one of the most common operations in d...