gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration and tolerance issues for resonant subwavelength gratings (2003)

A current micro-optical system project at Sandia National Laboratories employs an array of resonant subwavelength gratings (RSGs). An RSG functions as an extremely narrow wavelength and angular band reflector, or mode selector. Theoretical studies predict that the infinite, laterally-extended RSG can reflect 100% of the resonant light while transmitting the balance of the other wavelengths. Experimental realization of these remarkable predictions has been impacted primarily by fabrication challenges. Even so, we will present large area (1.0mm) RSG reflectivities as high as 100.2%, normalized to deposited gold. Broad use of the RSG will only truly occur in an accessible micro-optical system. The program at Sandia is a normal incidence array configuration of RSGs where each array element resonates with a distinct wavelength to act as a dense array of wavelength- and mode-selective reflectors. Because of the array configuration, RSGs can be matched to an array of pixels, detectors, or chemical/biological cells for integrated optical sensing. Micro-optical system considerations impact the ideal, large area RSG performance by requiring finite extent devices and robust materials for the appropriate wavelength. Experimental measurements are presented that demonstrate the component response as a function of decreasing RSG aperture dimension and off-normal input angular incidence.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Lipohypertrophy (Buccal Fat Pad Lipoma-Like Lesions) Reduced with Subcutaneously Injected Sodium Deoxycholate (2010)

Dr. Rotunda is the co-inventor of a patent that describes the use of deoxycholate as a method to treat localized fat.
Momentum-Based Policy Gradient with Second-Order Information (2022)

Variance-reduced gradient estimators for policy gradient methods have been one of the main focus of research in the reinforcement learning in recent years as they allow acceleration of the estimation process. We propose a variance-reduced policy-gradient method, called SHARP, which incorporates second-order information into stochastic gradient descent (SGD) using momentum with a time-varying learning rate. SHARP algorithm is parameter-free, achieving $ε$-approximate first-order stationary point with $O(ε^{-3})$ number of trajectories, while using a batch size of $O(1)$ at each iteration. Unlike most previous work, our proposed algorithm does not require importance sampling which can compromise the advantage of variance reduction process. Moreover, the variance of estimation error decays with the fast rate of $O(1/t^{2/3})$ where $t$ is the number of iterations. Our extensive experimental evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on various control tasks and its advantage over the state of the art in practice.
Resilience of S309 and AZD7442 monoclonal antibody treatments against infection by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (2022)

ABSTRACT Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants 1-4 , the effects in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the protective efficacy against three SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2) of two monoclonal antibody therapeutics (S309 [Vir Biotechnology] monotherapy and AZD7442 [AstraZeneca] combination), which correspond to ones used to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. Despite losses in neutralization potency in cell culture, S309 or AZD7442 treatments reduced BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 lung infection in susceptible mice that express human ACE2 (K18-hACE2). Correlation analyses between in vitro neutralizing activity and reductions in viral burden in K18-hACE2 or human Fcγ R transgenic mice suggest that S309 and AZD7442 have different mechanisms of protection against Omicron variants, with S309 utilizing Fc effector function interactions and AZD7442 acting principally by direct neutralization. Our data in mice demonstrate the resilience of S309 and AZD7442 mAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide insight into the relationship between loss of antibody neutralization potency and retained protection in vivo .
Penser les transformations par la comparaison. Action publique, villes et instruments (2018)

Patrick Le Galès est directeur de recherche au CNRS au Centre d’études européennes et de politique comparée de Sciences Po Paris, professeur de sociologie et de science politique à Sciences Po et doyen fondateur de l’École urbaine de Sciences Po. Cet entretien a été réalisé par Lionel Francou, doctorant en sociologie à l’Université catholique de Louvain (boursier Anticipate-Innoviris), membre du Centre de recherches interdisciplinaires Démocratie, Institutions, Subjectivité (CRIDIS) et du Metrolab Brussels, et par Sarah Van Hollebeke, doctorante en sociologie (boursière FRESH-FNRS), à l’Université catholique de Louvain (CRIDIS/Metrolab Brussels), et en urbanisme à l’École nationale supérieure d’architecture de Grenoble (Centre de recherche sur l’espace sonore et l’environnement urbain).
Polymer-sustained-alignment liquid crystal cell produced from the mixed monomers containing phenanthrene- and benzilketal-groups and its image sticking characteristic (2020)

As a model of polymer-sustained-alignment liquid crystal display (PSA-LCD), the LC cells having the PSA layers formed from mixed monomers of 2,7-dimethacryloyl-oxy-phenanthrene (2,7-DMAPhen) and 4,4′-dimethacryloyl-oxy-benzilketal (4,4′-DMABzk) were fabricated and investigated image sticking phenomenon with evaluations of residual direct current voltage (VrDC) and difference in pretilt angle (Δtilt) before and after application of alternate current voltage. A rate constant of the polymerization became large with an addition of a small amount of 4,4′-DMABzk into 2,7-DMAPhen. The VrDC was effectively improved with the addition of a small amount of 4,4′-DMABzk because the concentrations of radical and/or ion in the LC layer were decreased due to enlargement of the rate constant of the polymerization. The Δtilt was small enough only below 9.1 wt% of 4,4′-DMABzk in the mixed monomers of 2,7-DMAPhen and 4,4′-DMABzk. We confirmed that the PSA-LC cell formed from the mixed monomers of 2,7-DMAPhen and 4,4′-DMABzk with the weight ratio of 4,4′-DMABzk between 3.8 wt% and 9.1 wt% was useful for obtaining the low level of image sticking.
Maximizing Network Capacity of Cognitive Radio Networks by Capacity-Aware Spectrum Allocation (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel capacity-aware spectrum allocation model for cognitive radio networks. First, we model interference constraints based on the interference temperature model, and let the secondary users (SUs) increase their transmission power until the interference temperature on one of their neighbors exceeds its interference temperature threshold. Then, knowing the SINR and bandwidth of potential links, we calculate the link capacity based on the Shannon formula, and model the co-channel interference between potential links on each channel by using an interference graph. Next, we formulate the spectrum assignment problem in the form of a binary integer linear programming (BILP) to find the optimal feasible set of simultaneously active links among all the potential links in the sense of maximizing the overall network capacity. We also propose a new radix tree based algorithm that, by removing the sparse areas in the search space, leads to a considerable decrease in time complexity of solving the spectrum allocation problem as compared to the BILP algorithm. The simulation results have shown that this proposed model leads to a considerable improvement in overall network capacity as compared to genetic algorithm, and leads to a considerable decrease in time duration needed to find the optimal solution as compared to the BILP algorithm.
Ringing Artifact Reduction Method for Ultrasound Reconstruction Using Multi-Agent Consensus Equilibrium (2023)

Non-destructive characterization of multi-layered structures that can be accessed from only a single side is important for applications such as well-bore integrity inspection. Existing methods related to Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) rapidly produce acceptable results but with significant artifacts. Recently, ultrasound model-based iterative reconstruction (UMBIR) approaches have shown significant improvements over SAFT. However, even these methods produce ringing artifacts due to the high fractional-bandwidth of the excitation signal. In this paper, we propose a ringing artifact reduction method for ultrasound image reconstruction that uses a multi-agent consensus equilibrium (RARE-MACE) framework. Our approach integrates a physics-based forward model that accounts for the propagation of a collimated ultrasonic beam in multi-layered media, a spatially varying image prior, and a denoiser designed to suppress the ringing artifacts that are characteristic of reconstructions from high-fractional bandwidth ultrasound sensor data. We test our method on simulated and experimental measurements and show substantial improvements in image quality compared to SAFT and UMBIR.
Addressing Real Weed Science Needs with Innovations (1992)

Weed science is responsible for reducing weed competition with crops, within constraints, allowing food production for a growing world population. We have been successful, but with an increasing reliance on the fantastic arsenal of herbicides. Heavy herbicide usage and the concomitant loss of control due to changing weed species spectra, as well as evolved herbicide resistance, along with cancellations of registrations, limit chemical options. Old “innovations” such as well-conceived rotations and various mechanical procedures partly alleviate chemical dependency. We must try innovative, meaningful herbicide mixtures, whether synergistic or additive, mixtures of crop varieties, more competitive varieties, including allelopathic varieties, which could all help to lower chemical dependency. Three cases where innovative genetic-engineering coupled with chemistry seem to be needed are: (a) for the control of parasitic higher plant weeds such as broomrapes ( Orobanche spp.), dodders ( Cuscuta spp.), witchweeds ( Striga spp.) that cannot be controlled by mechanical or selective chemical means with a sufficient margin of user error; (b) for the control of weeds in wheat ( Triticum spp.) that are evolving multiple and cross resistances to all wheat-selective herbicides; and (c) to replace the major s -triazine and chloroacetamide herbicides in corn ( Zea mays L.) that are under attack and where many local restrictions and cancellations have been imposed. We need better replacements than the resistance-prone inhibitors of acetolactate-synthase and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase. Much of the long-term innovative planning and research must come from the public sector as no one else seems willing to fill the needs.
Analysis of imaging performance degradation (2003)

The wavefront aberration that is generally represented with Zernike polynomials is an approximate representation. The reasons are that, in actual optics, the wavefront has such frequency component that cannot be represented with Zernike polynomials. Moreover, it can never be scalar or monochromatic. Instead, it must be vector and polychromatic. Higher frequency component beyond Zernike representation could cause a local flare that will be observed in the surrounding area of nominally bright patterns. Vector aspect of light leads to imaging degradation combined with birefringence of the material. Even with a narrowed spectral bandwidth of excimer lasers, chromatic aberration could be a factor that impacts imaging performance. Lateral, rather than axial, chromatic aberration can be critical because it is influential to CD uniformity across the field. This paper describes the factors that deteriorate imaging performance based on Nikon’s optics, and finally concludes hat our optics is well balanced among these factors.
Subnuclear segregation of genes and core promoter factors in myogenesis (2011)

Recent findings implicate alternate core promoter recognition complexes in regulating cellular differentiation. Here we report a spatial segregation of the alternative core factor TAF3, but not canonical TFIID subunits, away from the nuclear periphery, where the key myogenic gene MyoD is preferentially localized in myoblasts. This segregation is correlated with the differential occupancy of TAF3 versus TFIID at the MyoD promoter. Loss of this segregation by modulating either the intranuclear location of the MyoD gene or TAF3 protein leads to altered TAF3 occupancy at the MyoD promoter. Intriguingly, in differentiated myotubes, the MyoD gene is repositioned to the nuclear interior, where TAF3 resides. The specific high-affinity recognition of H3K4Me3 by the TAF3 PHD (plant homeodomain) finger appears to be required for the sequestration of TAF3 to the nuclear interior. We suggest that intranuclear sequestration of core transcription components and their target genes provides an additional mechanism for promoter selectivity during differentiation.
Electronic Structure of Lithium Peroxide Clusters and Relevance to Lithium–Air Batteries (2012)

The prospect of Li–air(oxygen) batteries has generated much interest because of the possibility of extending the range of electric vehicles due to their potentially high gravimetric density. The exact morphology of the lithium peroxide formed during discharge has not been determined yet, but the growth likely involves nanoparticles and possibly agglomerates of nanoparticles. In this article, we report on density functional calculations of stoichiometric lithium peroxide clusters that provide evidence for the stabilization of high spin states relative to the closed shell state in the clusters. The density functional calculations indicate that a triplet state is favored over a closed shell singlet state for a dimer, trimer, and tetramer of lithium peroxide, whereas in the lithium peroxide monomer, the closed shell singlet is strongly favored. Density functional calculations on a much larger cluster, (Li2O2)16, also indicate that it similarly has a high spin state with four unpaired electrons located on the surface. These results have been confirmed by higher level G4 theory calculations that indicate that the singlet and triplet states of the dimer are nearly equal in energy and that the triplet state is more stable than the singlet for clusters larger than the dimer. The high spin states of the clusters are characterized by O–O moieties protruding from the surface, which have superoxide-like characteristics in terms of bond distances and spin. The existence of these superoxide-like surface structures on stoichiometric lithium peroxide clusters may have implications for the electrochemistry of formation and decomposition of lithium peroxide in Li–air batteries including electronic conductivity and charge overpotentials.
Role of upper endoscopy with Multi-slice computed tomography in the diagnosis of patients with chronic throat symptoms (2019)

Introduction: Chronic throat symptoms include hoarseness of voice in the form of aphonia or dysphonia, frequent throat clearing, sore throat with pain, burning or irritation, excessive or sticky throat mucus, feelings of post nasal drip, nonproductive cough , Globus pharyngeus and cervical dysphagia. Aim of the Study: To find if there is benefit of the use of upper Gastro intestinal endoscopy in diagnosis of patients with chronic refractory throat symptoms in comparison with combined laryngoscope and MSCT of the Neck. Patients and Methods: The current study is a Pilot study conducted on: 50 patients suffering from chronic refractory throat symptoms recruited from ENT outpatient clinic at minia university hospital from July 2018 to March 2019. Results: This study is a pilot study that was conducted in Minia University Hospital at endoscopic unit from July 2018 to March 2019. Conclusion: Use upper GI endoscopy as an initial investigation in patients with refractory throat symptoms with normal laryngoscope and CT finding should be advocated especially when the cost of endoscopy is low and high risk of complication as Baretts esophagous or complicated GERD.
3.2 How HIV produces immune deficiency (1996)

Initially, the immune system controls HIV infection, but over time the virus depletes the population of CD4+ T cells and disturbs the homoeostasis and function of other cells in the immune system. Extensive destruction of the immune system eventually leaves the body defenceless.
A Review of the Current Therapies, Challenges, and Future Directions of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Technology (2017)

Transcranial focused ultrasound for both ablative and nonablative applications is noninvasive, making it suitable for selected patients who are not candidates for conventional surgical options. Future advancements in imaging and sonication algorithms will improve the safety and efficacy of this technology.
Effect of Liposomal Entrapment on the Protective Action of Glutathione against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Necrosis (1975)

Conference Article| October 01 1975 Effect of Liposomal Entrapment on the Protective Action of Glutathione against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Necrosis ARMAND MALNOË; ARMAND MALNOË *Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge/Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ANNE LOUIS; ANNE LOUIS *Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge/Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARGHERITA STROLIN BENEDETTI; MARGHERITA STROLIN BENEDETTI *Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge/Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHEL SCHNEIDER; MICHEL SCHNEIDER *Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge/Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT L. SMITH; ROBERT L. SMITH †St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London W.2, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar LOUISA KREBER; LOUISA KREBER *Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge/Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar RAMY LAM RAMY LAM *Battelle, Geneva Research Centre, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge/Geneva, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1975) 3 (5): 730–732. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030730 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ARMAND MALNOË, ANNE LOUIS, MARGHERITA STROLIN BENEDETTI, MICHEL SCHNEIDER, ROBERT L. SMITH, LOUISA KREBER, RAMY LAM; Effect of Liposomal Entrapment on the Protective Action of Glutathione against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Necrosis. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1975; 3 (5): 730–732. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030730 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1975 Biochemical Society1975 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
New Design for Wide/Flat Bandwidth in Photonic Crystal-Based SMZ All-Optical Device (PC-SMZ) (2006)

A two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) slab waveguide-based symmetric Mach-Zehnder type all-optical switch (PC-SMZ) is promising for a future ultra-fast photonic network system. An ultra-fast (~ps) and ultra-low energy (~100 fJ) switching has already been demonstrated as the 1st phase. The 2nd phase is to create a PC-SMZ-based ultra-fast photonic logical switch with a latch function for an ultra-fast photonic digital processor. One of the steps towards the goal is to develop a new design method of waveguides with wide/flat bandwidth, high transmittance and low reflectivity for improving switching performances. Another one is to develop a selective area growth of quantum dots. This paper dominantly reviews these two recent topics as well as briefing the PC-SMZ performances
Visual assessment of the accuracy of retrospective registration of MR and CT images of the brain (1998)

In a previous study we demonstrated that automatic retrospective registration algorithms can frequently register magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images of the brain with an accuracy of better than 2 mm, but in that same study we found that such algorithms sometimes fail, leading to errors of 6 mm or more. Before these algorithms can be used routinely in the clinic, methods must be provided for distinguishing between registration solutions that are clinically satisfactory and those that are not. One approach is to rely on a human observer to inspect the registration results and reject images that have been registered with insufficient accuracy. In this paper, we present a methodology for evaluating the efficacy of the visual assessment of registration accuracy. Since the clinical requirements for level of registration accuracy are likely to be application dependent, we have evaluated the accuracy of the observer's estimate relative to six thresholds: 1-6 mm. The performance of the observers was evaluated relative to the registration solution obtained using external fiducial markers that are screwed into the patient's skull and that are visible in both MR and CT images. This fiducial marker system provides the gold standard for our study. Its accuracy is shown to be approximately 0.5 mm. Two experienced, blinded observers viewed five pairs of clinical MR and CT brain images, each of which had each been misregistered with respect to the gold standard solution. Fourteen misregistrations were assessed for each image pair with misregistration errors distributed between 0 and 10 mm with approximate uniformity. For each misregistered image pair each observer estimated the registration error (in millimeters) at each of five locations distributed around the head using each of three assessment methods. These estimated errors were compared with the errors as measured by the gold standard to determine agreement relative to each of the six thresholds, where agreement means that the two errors lie on the same side of the threshold. The effect of error in the gold standard itself is taken into account in the analysis of the assessment methods. The results were analyzed by means of the Kappa statistic, the agreement rate, and the area of receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves. No assessment performed well at 1 mm, but all methods performed well at 2 mm and higher. For these five thresholds, two methods agreed with the standard at least 80% of the time and exhibited mean ROC areas greater than 0.84. One of these same methods exhibited Kappa statistics that indicated good agreement relative to chance (Kappa > 0.6) between the pooled observers and the standard for these same five thresholds. Further analysis demonstrates that the results depend strongly on the choice of the distribution of misregistration errors presented to the observers.
(Report at 9-th ISCTA'07 16-20 July 2007,UK,Ambleside) Non-Binary Multithreshold Decoders with Almost Optimum Performance (2007)

The simplest majority type decoders for the character data decoding are described. They are called non-binary multithreshold decoders (QMTD). These decoders have a property of convergence to the solution of the optimum decoder with keeping linear complexity of implementation, which one is property of threshold procedures. Decoder error probabilities are discussed. Experimental results are submitted also.