gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entanglement generation between unstable optically active qubits without photodetectors (2011)

We propose a robust deterministic scheme to generate entanglement at high fidelity without the need for photodetectors even for quantum bits (qubits) with extremely poor optically active states. Our protocol employs stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for population transfer without actually exciting the system. Furthermore, it is found to be effective even if the environmental decoherence rate is of the same order of magnitude as the atom-photon coupling frequency. Our scheme has the potential to solve entanglement generation problems, e.g., in distributed quantum computing.
Digital Holography Based on Aperture Engineering (2023)

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in new digital holography techniques due to various reasons, such as the possibility of using low-cost and eye-safe light sources and new reliable spatial light modulators. One notable invention in incoherent imaging is the Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH), published in 2007. In FINCH, the self-interference principle and the signal processing capability of digital holography have been utilized innovatively to achieve super-resolution by violating the well-known law of the Lagrange Invariant. Today FINCH technique has been accepted and used as a resolution enhancer for various applications. In this direction of research, another incoherent digital holography technique called coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) has been recently developed. COACH can be considered as a generalization of FINCH but nevertheless has its own unique properties. COACH has been discovered as a flexible platform for a novel super-resolution imaging system and for an interferenceless imaging system. These recent developments indicate the potential of COACH to become an important player in future imaging technologies in many various applications. Considering the rapid development of COACH, FINCH, and other self-interference methods, a comprehensive review of the aperture engineering-based digital holography by self-interference and other methods is presented in the frame of the Spotlight Series. The evolution of this topic from 2007 to the very recent years is surveyed, and the various existing incoherent and coherent digital holography techniques are described in this comprehensive review.
SARS‐CoV ‐2 antibody persistence in COVID ‐19 convalescent plasma donors: Dependency on assay format and applicability to serosurveillance (2021)

These data show that in addition to variable individual responses and associations with disease severity, the detection assay chosen contributes to the heterogeneous results in antibody stability over time. Depending on the scope of the research, one assay may be preferable over another. For serosurveillance studies, direct, double Ag-sandwich assays appear to be the best choice due to their stability; in particular, algorithms that include both S1- and NC-based assays can help reduce the rate of false-positivity and discriminate between natural infection and vaccine-derived seroreactivity.
B‐type natriuretic peptide and C‐terminal‐pro‐endothelin‐1 for the prediction of severely impaired peak oxygen consumption (2009)

C-terminal-pro-endothelin-1 is superior to BNP for the prediction of a peak VO(2) < 14 mL kg(-1) min(-1) in patients referred for CPET. A score incorporating body mass index, diabetes status, spirometry, blood gases, BNP and CT-proET-1 improves the prediction of a peak VO(2) < 14 mL kg(-1) min(-1) based on single biomarkers.
Gastric polypoid lesions--an eight-year study. (1993)

We have reviewed the eight years of experience with gastric polypoid lesions of a university hospital serving the Tel Aviv area, and analyzed 188 polyps. No clinical or endoscopic findings were able to distinguish the polyp variants prior to histological examination. The most frequent type of polyp was the hyperplastic polyp (45.2%), followed by the inflammatory type (29.3%). There were six cases of adenoma and ten cases of gastric carcinoma. The polyps were distributed equally within the body (44.7%) and antrum (48.9%), while the fundus was rarely involved (6.3%). Our findings are compatible with the statement that in general there is no distinction between the histological types classified by sex, age, location, symptoms or endoscopic appearance. Nevertheless, this is the first report of a higher incidence of gastric polyps among Ashkenazi Jews than non-Ashkenazi Jews with identical sex distribution.
A Wearable Real-Time CMOS Dosimeter With Integrated Zero-Bias Floating Gate Sensor and an 861-nW 18-Bit Energy-Resolution Scalable Time-Based Radiation to Digital Converter (2019)

Radiation, being invisible and odorless, has become a major concern in modern-day healthcare, mining, security, and nuclear applications that require professionals to work in environments involving radioactive materials, often with only elementary training. Furthermore, the scenario is worsened by the absence of a real-time, accumulative radiation dosimeter of small/wearable form factor that can provide direct digital output for long-term continuous monitoring. In this article, we present the first monolithically integrated CMOS wearable radiation dosimeter, consisting a floating-gate (FG) resistive sensor with a sensitivity of 14 Ω /rad, and a time-domain resistance-to-digital-converter (RDC) that functions as an 18-bit voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based ADC, consuming 861 nJ for 10-ms active read time (which translates to 861-nW at 1 S/s), with 3.29-pJ/conversion step energy efficiency. The proposed time-based RDC exhibits programmable energy-resolution scalability by controlling the measurement time (unlike traditional voltage/current-mode ADCs) and achieves 6-bit better resolution than the state-of-the-art VCO-based ADCs at low frequency (conversion time ≈10 ms). The implemented integrated dosimeter achieves 8-bit better resolution, 7.5× lower power, and 40× better sensitivity (up to 10-mrad dose) than the current CMOS FG dosimeters.
Harnessing Thin‐Film Continuous‐Flow Assembly Lines (2016)

Abstract Inspired by nature's ability to construct complex molecules through sequential synthetic transformations, an assembly line synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates has been developed. In this approach, simple starting materials are continuously fed through a thin‐film reactor where the intermediates accrue molecular complexity as they progress through the flow system. Flow chemistry allows rapid multistep transformations to occur via reaction compartmentalization, an approach not amenable to using conventional flasks. Thin film processing can also access facile in situ solvent exchange to drive reaction efficiency, and through this method, α‐aminophosphonate synthesis requires only 443 s residence time to produce 3.22 g h −1 . Assembly‐line synthesis allows unprecedented reaction flexibility and processing efficiency.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A <i>KRAS</i>-Variant in Ovarian Cancer Acts as a Genetic Marker of Cancer Risk (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from A &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-Variant in Ovarian Cancer Acts as a Genetic Marker of Cancer Risk
<title>X-Ray Beam Filtration For Mammography</title> (1977)

The characteristic lines of molybdenum-anode x-ray tubes yield high contrast images on film of thin breasts. For thicker breasts, the higher spectral energies are transmitted and the lower energies are mostly absorbed, resulting in higher patient exposure and reduced contrast. However, filters from rhodium (Z=45) to tin (Z=50) can be used to shape the energy distribution of tungsten-anode tubes to improve contrast and reduce patient exposure. Measured spectra and phantom test data are described.
Modular Tapered Implants for Severe Femoral Bone Loss in THA: Reliable Osseointegration but Frequent Complications (2014)

Background Modular tapered stems have been suggested as the optimal implants for patients with severe femoral bone loss (Paprosky Type IIIB and IV) undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, there are few data describing survivorship and hip scores associated with this treatment. Questions/purposes At minimum 2 years, we sought to determine the (1) survivorship of these implants; (2) radiographic evidence of osseointegration; and (3) the Harris hip scores of patients revised with a modular tapered stem for severe femoral bone loss including the complications associated with their use. Methods Between 1999 and 2010, we performed 1124 femoral revisions; of those, 135 (12%) were performed using a modular tapered stem. General indications for use of this device included bone loss, poor quality bone, leg length discrepancy, difficulty adjusting version, proximal femoral remodeling, and ectatic medullary canals in the setting of revision THA. This report reviewed 70 of those that were performed in Type IIIB and IV femurs. Of those 70 patients, 11 had died and one was lost before 2-year followup; the remaining 58 (83%, 33 with a Type IIIB femur and 25 with a Type IV femur) were followed for a minimum of 24 months (average, 67 months; range, 24-151 months). Survivorship free from revision, radiographic analysis for signs of subsidence or stem loosening, and Harris hip scores were tallied. Results One patient underwent stem revision for early subsidence followed by failure of ingrowth for a survivorship free from repeat revision of 98% (57 of 58 patients). Five other stems (for a total of six [10%]) subsided early but nonetheless achieved radiographic signs of ingrowth and were not revised again. All other stems demonstrated osseointegration without subsidence and remained radiographically well fixed. In patients with surviving implants, the mean Harris hip score improved from 34 (range, 11-49) preoperatively to 74 (range, 14-100; p < 0.001) postoperatively. Overall, 15 of 58 patients (26%) experienced a complication, of whom 10 (17%) underwent reoperation. Conclusions We found that modular tapered stems resulted in 98% survivorship at a mean of 67 months in patients with Type IIIB and IV femurs undergoing femoral revision, although the overall complication rate in this complex subset of patients is high. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Overtrained Athletes* (1985)

Some athletes who undertake strenuous training programs for a prolonged period of time develop the overtraining syndrome. The pathophysiology of the condition is unknown. Hypothalamic-pituitary function was studied by determining the hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in five asymptomatic male marathon runners during a 4-month period in which they ran 42-, 56-, and 92-km races and in four overtrained male athletes. The response of the asymptomatic runners was not different when tested 1 month before and within 48 h after the 42- and 92-km races. All four overtrained athletes presented with impaired training and racing times, apathy, and a heavy-legged feeling and were tested when overtrained and again after 4 weeks of rest. The plasma cortisol, ACTH, GH, and PRL responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the four overtrained athletes were lower than their responses after the rest and lower than the responses of the asymptomatic runners. In both groups, the LH, TSH, and PRL responses to LHRH and TRH were normal. The impaired hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with recovery after 4 weeks of rest, indicate hypothalamic dysfunction and may be a diagnostic marker of the overtraining syndrome.
A New Stimulation Method to Significantly Improve Hydrocarbon Recovery Using Temporary Beneficial Changes in Stress Anisotropy (2015)

Abstract As a result of the creation of a hydraulic fracture, transient geomechanics forces are exerted on the formation, which modify the stress landscape near the wellbore and the fracture plane. It has been observed that the potential exists for temporary reversal in the minimum stress direction, enabling a brief time interval in which a second hydraulic fracture can be created in a completely different direction. This provides hydraulic fracturing connectivity to previously unattainable locations in the formation, which can significantly improve initial hydrocarbon production and economic ultimate recovery from the formation. This paper presents a computational validation of this multioriented hydraulic fracturing (MOHF) process. A unique transient 3D computational geomechanic fracture simulator was developed to perform this study, as traditional hydraulic fracture simulations are derived using static formation properties and steady-state assumptions. The new model incorporates cohesive zone elements to represent the fracture plane and friction elements to account for plastic energy storage of the multiple formation rock layers in the model. Time lapse stress fields show distinct windows of opportunity wherein new fractures can be influenced to extend in alternate directions. This new stimulation method enhances the state-of-the-art in hydraulic fracturing. However, a deeper understanding of the transient geomechanic response in the treatment area is necessary to successfully design and perform the stimulation operation. Unfortunately, it also creates new complications with respect to industry standard hydraulic fracture models being incapable of modeling the transient response of the system. Furthermore, the availability of data related to the dynamic behavior of rocks is limited, and unique testing equipment and procedures must be developed to obtain such data.
Evaluation of a cheap ultrasonic stage for light source coherence function measurement, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence microscopy, and dynamic focusing (2009)

We evaluate the performance of a cheap ultrasonic stage in setups related to optical coherence tomography. The stage was used in several configurations: 1) optical delay line in optical coherence tomography (OCT) setup; 2) as a delay line measuring coherence function of a low coherence source (e.g. superluminescent diode); 3) as a path length modulator in optical coherence microscopy (OCM) setup and finally 4) in a dynamic focusing arrangement. We evaluate each configuration and point to possible improvements either in setups or ultrasonic stage architecture. The results are as follows: the stage is suitable for coherence function measurement of the light source and, with some limitations, dynamic focusing. We found it unsuitable for OCT due to unstable velocity profile, while smaller step movement is required for OCM imaging.
Quantification and Reduction of the Residual Chemical Reactivity of Passivated Biodegradable Porous Silicon for Drug Delivery Applications (2017)

The chemical reactivity of as-anodized porous silicon is shown to have an adverse effect on a model drug (Lansoprazole) loaded into the pores. The silicon hydride surfaces can cause unwanted reactions with actives during storage or use. Techniques such as thermal oxidation or surface derivitization can lower the reactivity somewhat, by replacing the reactive silicon-hydride species with a more benign oxide or functional group. However, by using a trio of analytical techniques (fluorometric dye assay, HPLC assay, and chemography) we show that residual hydride is still likely to be present and only after combining thermal oxidation with surface derivitization can the residual reactivity be reduced to those values typically observed with sol-gel (porous) silica. Potential sources of residual reactivity are discussed, with reference to data obtained by trace metal analysis, residual solvents, and pH measurements.
Case Study of a Faulted Planet Bearing (2016)

Fault detection in planet bearings is difficult. This is particularly true in wind turbines, where the main rotor shaft is under 20 rpm, such that the planet fault frequency can be sub 1 Hz. This papers analyzes a missed fault on a wind turbine planet bearing, and discuses how changes in the analysis configuration then allowed this type of fault to be detected. Raw data from ten machines was collected. From this, a strategy for fault feature identification was developed, to include: the evaluation of window selection, biasing of the data set with faulted components, and the use of improve analysis techniques. This allowed meaningful and appropriate thresholds to be set.
Tunable Photoconduction Sensitivity and Bandwidth for Lithographically Patterned Nanocrystalline Cadmium Selenide Nanowires (2011)

Nanocrystalline cadmium selenide (nc-CdSe) nanowires were prepared using the lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition method. Arrays of 350 linear nc-CdSe nanowires with lateral dimensions of 60 nm (h) × 200 nm (w) were patterned at 5 μm pitch on glass. nc-CdSe nanowires electrodeposited from aqueous solutions at 25 °C had a mean grain diameter, d(ave), of 5 nm. A combination of three methods was used to increase d(ave) to 10, 20, and 100 nm: (1) The deposition bath was heated to 75 °C, (2) nanowires were thermally annealed at 300 °C, and (3) nanowires were exposed to methanolic CdCl(2) followed by thermal annealing at 300 °C. The morphology, chemical composition, grain diameter, and photoconductivity of the resulting nanowires were studied as a function of d(ave). As d(ave) was increased from 10 to 100 nm, the photoconductivity response of the nanowires was modified in two ways: First, the measured photoconductive gain, G, was elevated from G = 0.017 (d(ave) = 5 nm) to ∼4.9 (100 nm), a factor of 290. Second, the photocurrent rise time was increased from 8 μs for d(ave) = 10 nm to 8 s for 100 nm, corresponding to a decrease by a factor of 1 million of the photoconduction bandwidth from 44 kHz to 44 mHz.
Learning in Dynamic Environments with Ensemble Selection for Autonomous Outdoor Robot Navigation (FINAL VERSION). (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Oxidative Polymerization in Water to Form Sulfoalkoxy Poly(phenylene oxide)s (2005)

Abstract The oxidative polymerization of sulfonatopropoxyphenols in alkaline water, along with the easy monomer preparation, provided a simple and atom economical way to prepare sulfoalkoxy-pendant poly(phenylene oxide)s. The polymerization in alkaline water reduced the oxidation potential of the sulfonated phenols, and produced water-soluble polymers. The polymers produced a transparent, tough, and flexible membrane, which showed high thermal stability and proton conductivity.
Toward Robust Facial Authentication for Low-Power Edge-AI Consumer Devices (2022)

Robust authentication for low-power consumer devices without a keyboard remains a challenge. The recent availability of low-power neural accelerator hardware, combined with improvements in neural facial recognition algorithms provides enabling technology for low-power, on-device facial authentication. The present research work explores a number of approaches to test the robustness of a state-of-the-art facial recognition (FR) technique, Arcface for such end-to-end applications. As extreme lighting conditions and facial pose are the two more challenging scenarios for FR we focus on these. Due to the general lack of large-scale multiple-identity datasets, GAN-based re-lighting and pose techniques are used to explore the effects on FR performance. These results are further validated on the best available multi-identity datasets - MultiPIE and BIWI. The results show that FR is quite robust to pose variations up to 45-55 degrees, but the outcomes are not definitive for the tested lighting scenarios. For lighting, the tested GAN-based relighting augmentations show significant effects on FR robustness. However, the lighting scenarios from MultiPIE dataset - the best available public dataset - show some conflicting results. It is unclear if this is due to an incorrectly learned GAN relighting transformation or, alternatively, to mixed ambient/directional lighting scenes in the dataset. However, it is shown that the GAN-induced FR errors for extreme lighting conditions can be corrected by fine-tuning the FR network layers. The conclusions support the feasibility of implementing a robust authentication method for low-power consumer devices.
Risk profile associated with convexity meningioma resection in the modern neurosurgical era (2009)

With the conservative recommendations for surgery for asymptomatic meningiomas and the advent of radiosurgery during the past 10 years, microsurgically treated convexity meningiomas are now typically large in size. Nevertheless, the patient's clinical course following microsurgical removal of these lesions is expected to be uncomplicated. The authors' findings provide a defined risk profile associated with the resection of supratentorial convexity meningiomas in the modern neurosurgical era.
Modulation of mRNA and lncRNA expression dynamics by the Set2–Rpd3S pathway (2016)

H3K36 methylation by Set2 targets Rpd3S histone deacetylase to transcribed regions of mRNA genes, repressing internal cryptic promoters and slowing elongation. Here we explore the function of this pathway by analysing transcription in yeast undergoing a series of carbon source shifts. Approximately 80 mRNA genes show increased induction upon SET2 deletion. A majority of these promoters have overlapping lncRNA transcription that targets H3K36me3 and deacetylation by Rpd3S to the mRNA promoter. We previously reported a similar mechanism for H3K4me2-mediated repression via recruitment of the Set3C histone deacetylase. Here we show that the distance between an mRNA and overlapping lncRNA promoter determines whether Set2-Rpd3S or Set3C represses. This analysis also reveals many previously unreported cryptic ncRNAs induced by specific carbon sources, showing that cryptic promoters can be environmentally regulated. Therefore, in addition to repression of cryptic transcription and modulation of elongation, H3K36 methylation maintains optimal expression dynamics of many mRNAs and ncRNAs.
Chirp measurement of electro-optic modulators using simple optical spectrum analysis (2004)

A novel method to measure chirp parameters of electro-optic modulators using optical spectrum analysis is demonstrated. Both the chirp parameter and high-frequency half-wave voltage can be readily obtained from the variation of optical spectrum as the bias voltage varies.
GaN Devices on a 200 mm Si Platform Targeting Heterogeneous Integration (2017)

GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated on 200-mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates possessing multiple crystal orientations. These SOI substrates have the Si (100)-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Si (111) structure, which allows Si (111) to be exposed below the buried oxide to enable GaN epitaxial growth adjacent to Si (100). The current collapse in GaN HEMTs of <; 150 × 150 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> patterns is 2%-6%, which is remarkably lower than the devices on blanket materials. We believe that stress relaxation resulting from substrate patterning contributes to the reduction of current collapse. By creating small GaN patterns on a larger diameter Si wafer, co-integration of GaN with Si technology may be possible.
Optimal Medical Therapy Improves Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Revascularization With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2015)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00114972.