gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending a general-purpose streaming system for XML (2012)

General-purpose streaming systems support diverse application domains with powerful and user-defined stream operators. Most general-purpose streaming systems have their own, non-XML, internal data representation. However, streaming input is often either a sequence of small XML documents, or a scan of a huge document. Prior work on XML streaming focuses on filtering, not transforming, XML, and does not describe how to integrate with a general-purpose streaming system. This paper describes how to integrate an XML transformer with a streaming system by designing a specification syntax that is both consistent with the existing system and familiar to XML users. After type-checking the specification, we compile it to an efficient automaton driven by SAX events. Our approach extends the underlying streaming system with XML support without changing its core architecture, and the same technique could be used for other extensions beyond XML.
Mutations in the PSTPIP1 gene and aberrant splicing variants in patients with pyoderma gangrenosum (2011)

All combinations of aberrant splicing variants had frame shifts and premature stop codons leading to truncated proteins and loss of function of PSTPIP1. The (CCTG)(n) tandem repeats in the promoter region of PSTPIP1 had no association with PG. The mutations G258A and R52Q are predicted by the improved prediction algorithm to have a possibly damaging effect on PSTPIP1 function.
Computationally efficient compensations for some smart antenna systems (2005)

Some smart antenna systems need calibration, which measures the transmitter/receiver circuit path gains for each antenna and compensate the differences. Compensation is usually done in baseband using complex number multiplications. We propose efficient compensations for some time division duplex (TDD) smart antenna systems that use the channel reciprocity for downlink beamforming, and show that the number of arithmetic operations can be significantly reduced.
Dual Role of Zirconium Oxoclusters in Hybrid Nanoparticles: Cross-Linkers and Catalytic Sites (2016)

Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles are prepared by free-radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with the structurally well-defined methacrylate-functionalized zirconium oxocluster Zr<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(methacrylate)<sub>12</sub>. The polymerization process occurs in the confined space of miniemulsion droplets. The formation of covalent chemical bonds between the organic and the inorganic counterparts improves the distribution of the guest species (oxoclusters) in the polymer particles, overcoming problems related to migration, leaching, and stability. Because of the presence of a high number of double bonds (12 per oxocluster), the oxoclusters act as efficient cross-linking units for the resulting polymer matrix, thus ruling its swelling behavior in organic solvents. The synthesized hybrid nanostructures are applied as heterogeneous systems in the catalytic oxidation of an organic sulfide to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone by hydrogen peroxide, displaying quantitative sulfide conversion in 4-24 h, with overall turnover numbers (TON) up to 8000 after 4 cycles.
Statistical power analysis of a 2‐year field study and design of experiments to evaluate non‐target effects of genetically modified Bacillius thuringiensis corn (2006)

Abstract 1. A 2‐year field study was conducted in 2000 and 2001 at a farm in Monmouth, Illinois to evaluate the effect of MON 863, a transgenic corn event that expresses the Cry3Bb1 protein for control of corn rootworms, on diverse groups of arthropod populations in a corn ecosystem. 2. The field study employed a split‐plot design with MON 863 and conventional corn as the main plots and several insecticide treatments as subplots; each main plot was replicated four times (i.e. n = 4 block replications for each corn variety). A large number of arthropod taxa were trapped, taxonomically characterised, and counted in all plots. A mixed linear repeated‐measures model was used for analysis of each taxon collected to determine if there was an effect of MON 863 or insecticide regime on that taxonomic group. 3. This report describes the results of a power analysis to determine the ability of the study design to detect an effect of MON 863 corn on the abundance of different groups of arthropods. A 50% difference in average taxon abundance between MON 863 and conventional corn plots was the criterion used in assessing the power. 4. A statistical power analysis of the taxonomic group comparisons made in the 2‐year field study (with independent assignment of treatments each year) showed that only about 28% (22 of 56) of the statistical comparisons made with single years of data achieved ≥80% power to detect a 50% difference in population density. When data from both years of the study were analysed jointly, this level of power was obtained for 86% (24 of 28) the comparisons made. 5. Graphical examination of the mean abundance and coefficient of variation (CV) for different taxa indicated that high abundance (&gt; 5 trap captures per plot per sampling period) and low CV (&lt; 100%) contributed to high statistical power (&gt; 80%). Taxa with extremely low abundance (mean trap captures &lt; 1 individual per plot per sampling period) generally had high CV (&gt; 100%), and statistical comparisons for those taxa had lower power (&lt; 80%). 6. The relevance of these findings for designing field studies on the effects of genetically modified crops on non‐target arthropods with desired levels of power is discussed.
Toward a Carbohydrate-Based HIV-1 Vaccine (2012)

Despite over almost three decades of active research since the discovery of HIV-1 as the infectious agent causing AIDS, an effective vaccine that protects against the virus has not been forthcoming. In this chapter, we begin with a discussion on barriers against eliciting a strong immune response against carbohydrates. We then describe novel technologies arising from the field of glycobiology that are helping researchers overcome them. With that background in place, we move into an introduction on the biochemical structure and biological role of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160. We describe how the immune system recognizes it and develop an argument for the application of a carbohydrate vaccine. Analysis of the carbohydrates on gp160 follows leading to detailed descriptions of the high-resolution structures of glycan specific HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. How these structures inform a new generation of carbohydrate-based HIV-1 vaccines are then discussed in detail.
Integration of a real‐time tumor monitoring system into gated proton spot‐scanning beam therapy: An initial phantom study using patient tumor trajectory data (2013)

The results suggested that by properly adjusting irradiation control parameters, gated proton spot-scanning beam therapy can be robust to target motion. This is an important first step toward establishing treatment plans in real patient geometry.
PlasmaKinetic Bipolar Vessel Sealing: Burst Pressures and Thermal Spread in an Animal Model (2005)

The Gyrus PlasmaKinetic bipolar device is capable of reliably sealing/ dividing arteries as large as 6 mm, although we recommend restricting its use to vessels no larger than 5 mm in diameter to allow a safety margin. In addition, porcine renal veins of all sizes are adequately controlled. These sealed vessels are able to withstand pressures approaching 300 mm Hg. Thermal spread affects only the area surrounding the divided vessel. Further clinical studies are warranted.
A 3-D contour segmentation scheme based on curvature and torsion (1988)

The Darboux vector contains both the curvature and torsion of a three-dimensional (3-D) image as its components. Curvature measures how sharply a curve is turning while torsion measures the extent of its twist in 3-D space. Curvature and torsion completely define the shape of a 3-D curve. A scheme is presented that uses the length of this vector, also called the total curvature, for the segmentation of 3-D contours. A quintic B-spline is used in this formulation to obtain the total curvature for noisy data. Examples of nonnoisy and noisy data illustrate the merit of the scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of a portable assistive exoskeleton for human arm movements (2023)

Abstract Over the past two decades, the number of people with arm disabilities has dramatically increased. Many researchers have begun to concentrate on developing technologies to address this challenge. Exoskeleton is one of the most successful technologies out of these since it does not require medical staff to accompany the patients and can continually rehabilitate the patients until they regain the ability to move voluntarily. However, the majority of exoskeletons are anchored to the ground and individuals are unable to purchase one due to its high manufacturing costs. Furthermore, since this type of exoskeleton is anchored to the ground, patients must go to hospitals to get rehabilitation services. In this study, a portable assistive exoskeleton for human arm motions is designed to address this problem. This device can carry patients' arms to the desired position by adhering to a prescribed trajectory by medical specialists. The main parts of this exoskeleton are made of polylactic acid and produced using 3D printing technology. Therefore, the total manufacturing costs of the exoskeleton are not excessive and the weight of it is not high as well.
Biology of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History of HSC isolation Properties of mouse HSCs and other MPPs Lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells Gene expression profiles of HSCs Gene expression profile of stem and progenitor cells Transplantation of HSCs in mouse and humans Co-transplantation of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors to protect against opportunistic infections Origin of leukemia: LSCs Conclusion References
Tree Branch Level of Detail Models for Forest Navigation (2017)

Abstract We present a level of detail (LOD) method designed for tree branches. It can be combined with methods for processing tree foliage to facilitate navigation through large virtual forests. Starting from a skeletal representation of a tree, we fit polygon meshes of various densities to the skeleton while the mesh density is adjusted according to the required visual fidelity. For distant models, these branch meshes are gradually replaced with semi‐transparent lines until the tree recedes to a few lines. Construction of these complete LOD models is guided by error metrics to ensure smooth transitions between adjacent LOD models. We then present an instancing technique for discrete LOD branch models, consisting of polygon meshes plus semi‐transparent lines. Line models with different transparencies are instanced on the GPU by merging multiple tree samples into a single model. Our technique reduces the number of draw calls in GPU and increases rendering performance. Our experiments demonstrate that large‐scale forest scenes can be rendered with excellent detail and shadows in real time.
Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases (2019)

Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, affect several million individuals worldwide. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are complex diseases that are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial levels. Individual contributing factors have been the focus of extensive research. As part of the Integrative Human Microbiome Project (HMP2 or iHMP), we followed 132 subjects for one year each to generate integrated longitudinal molecular profiles of host and microbial activity during disease (up to 24 time points each; in total 2,965 stool, biopsy, and blood specimens). Here we present the results, which provide a comprehensive view of functional dysbiosis in the gut microbiome during inflammatory bowel disease activity. We demonstrate a characteristic increase in facultative anaerobes at the expense of obligate anaerobes, as well as molecular disruptions in microbial transcription (for example, among clostridia), metabolite pools (acylcarnitines, bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids), and levels of antibodies in host serum. Periods of disease activity were also marked by increases in temporal variability, with characteristic taxonomic, functional, and biochemical shifts. Finally, integrative analysis identified microbial, biochemical, and host factors central to this dysregulation. The study's infrastructure resources, results, and data, which are available through the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi'omics Database ( http://ibdmdb.org ), provide the most comprehensive description to date of host and microbial activities in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Glucose Production by Deconvolution in Intravenous and Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests: Role of Output Variable (2006)

Endogenous glucose production (EGP) after a glucose stimulus can be estimated by deconvolution of the endogenous component of glucose concentration, which is computed from noisy measurements. This study analyzes how measurement errors propagate to endogenous glucose and affect EGP reconstruction during intravenous (IVGTT) and oral (MEAL) glucose tolerance tests. Monte Carlo simulations show that the effect of errors on endogenous glucose and thus on EGP is more critical during IVGTT than during MEAL. A two regularization-parameter deconvolution technique for IVGTT is proposed, which successfully handles this added difficulty.
Electropolymerization Triggered in Situ Surface Modification of Electrode Interphases: Alleviating First-Cycle Lithium Loss in Silicon Anode Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

We report on interphase modification by in situ generated protons (H+) via electropolymerization. The protons are released from oxidative electropolymerization of indole-3-carboxylic acid (InAc) used as an additive in a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) based cathode during cycling against lithium metal and silicon–graphite composite (Si–Gr) electrodes. Electrochemical data supported by ex situ NMR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) prove that the H+ produced in the lithium metal cell are used for cathode interphase formation and thereby improve the Coulombic efficiency during cycling. With the help of Li3PO4, which scavenges H+ by the release of Li+, it can be established that H+ is reduced at the cathode at a potential of ∼3 V vs Li/Li+ to form H2 without large-capacity fade. The H+ have a more pronounced effect on the anode side when replacing lithium metal by Si–Gr. This is due to the facile H+ reduction at the anode during charge which modulates the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as well as the Si surface which is proven by ex situ XPS. The reduction of H+ at the anode is found to have a positive effect in mitigating the irreversible Li+ loss (10% capacity gain with 10% InAc) at the Si–Gr electrode, which was maintained over 100 cycles.
Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Hybrid Nanomaterials via Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Focusing (2014)

Shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials through a simple, continuous, and low-cost method is essential to nanomaterials research toward practical applications. Hydrodynamic focusing, with its advantages of simplicity, low-cost, and precise control over reaction conditions, has been used for nanomaterial synthesis. While most studies have focused on improving the uniformity and size control, few have addressed the potential of tuning the shape of the synthesized nanomaterials. Here we demonstrate a facile method to synthesize hybrid materials by three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing (3D-HF). While keeping the flow rates of the reagents constant and changing only the flow rate of the buffer solution, the molar ratio of two reactants (i.e., tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and HAuCl4) within the reaction zone varies. The synthesized TTF-Au hybrid materials possess very different and predictable morphologies. The reaction conditions at different buffer flow rates are studied through computational simulation, and the formation mechanisms of different structures are discussed. This simple one-step method to achieve continuous shape-tunable synthesis highlights the potential of 3D-HF in nanomaterials research.
Electronic transport properties and orientation of individualMn12single-molecule magnets (2008)

Individual ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ single-molecule magnets have been investigated by means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy at room temperature. Current-voltage characteristics of a ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ derivative are studied in detail and compared with simulations. A few-parameter scalar model for ballistic current flow through a single energy level is sufficient to describe the main features observed in scanning tunneling spectra of individual ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ molecules and offers a deeper insight into the electronic transport properties of this class of single-molecule magnets. In addition, distance-voltage spectroscopy performed on individual ${\text{Mn}}_{12}$ molecules reveals a possibility to identify the orientation of the molecular easy axis. The results indicate a preferential orientation of the easy axis of the molecules nearly perpendicular to the surface.
Gold Plating on AM-FDM ABS Components (2019)

Fused Deposition Modeling is one of the most common Additive Manufacturing methods for polymers. For some applications, parts manufactured by this method need post-printing surface coating. The present research aims at examining the surface finishing properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene parts coated for the first time with laboratory-developed electroless gold. Such coating can be applied for electrical purposes and as a decorative cover for 3D-printed prototypes, as well as on top of printed replicas of archaeological artifacts. Gold was deposited by electroless plating on top printed disk-shaped specimens, making them look like an ancient artifact. The electroless gold film was studied by various methods, including dimensions and mass measurements, qualitative pilling test, multifocal light microscopy, optical profilometer and X-ray diffraction analysis. The gold layer thickness was studied as a function of deposition time. The laboratory-developed electroless gold coating was deposited from a cyanide free bath and was compared to a commercial one deposited from a cyanide bath. The results displayed high-quality gold, and a satisfactory appearance. The roughness of the laboratory gold plated samples was somewhat reduced as the thickness of the gold film was increased, and the surface appearance was improved correspondingly. The developed gold coating can be adapted for various applications, including 3D printed artifacts for museum exhibitions.
Solitary Buccal Space Neurofibroma: A Case Report (2020)

Introduction Neurofibromas are benign, slow growing nerve sheath tumour rarely develops in the head-neck region [1]. These can arise either solitary or as a part of syndromic manifestations of neurofibromatosis type-1, which is known as Von Recklinghausen's disease [2]. World Health Organization (WHO) subdivided NF in two broad categories: Dermal and Abstract Neurofibroma is a benign nerve sheath tumour that develops in the peripheral nervous system. While 90% of these tumours are solitary, rest of these are multiple and can be found in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Neurofibromas arise from non-myelinating-type of Schwann cells. The main difference between solitary and disseminated form depends on the nature of involvement such as disseminated form related with systemic and hereditary factors that is absent in solitary cases. This type of neurofibroma is rarely found in the buccal space but commonly present in the other spaces of head neck region. Here we present such a case who presented with solitary swelling in right cheek of 5 years duration. He was operated per-orally under local anaesthesia without sedation with excellent cosmetic outcome.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИСПЕРСНОСТИ МЕТАЛЛОВ НА АКТИВНОСТЬ PT/C- И PD/C-КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ В РЕАКЦИИ ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ ПЕРГИДРОТЕРФЕНИЛА (2010)

Исследована активность Pt/C- и Pd/C-катализаторов в реакции дегидрирования пергидротерфенила при степенях превращения ниже 30% в зависимости от дисперсности металлических платины и палладия, которая была оценена двумя независимыми методами  адсорбцией CO и методом рентгенофазового анализа.
Supersmoothing through slow contraction (2020)

Performing a fully non-perturbative analysis using the tools of numerical general relativity, we demonstrate that a period of slow contraction is a “supersmoothing” cosmological phase that homogenizes, isotropizes and flattens the universe both classically and quantum mechanically and can do so far more robustly and rapidly than had been realized in earlier studies.
A Rb 532 nm Stark anomalous dispersion optical filter for doubled Nd:YAG lasers (2002)

A Rb 532 nm Stark anomalous dispersion optical filter consists of an atomic vapor cell between crossed polarizers subjected to an electrical field transverse to the optical path, and a constant magnetic field along the optical path. The color glass filters are used to reject the infrared radiation. The 795 nm optical pumping is needed to populate the lower level of the filter transition. When linearly polarized light travels through a dispersive atomic vapor cell, a polarization rotation occurs. This polarization rotation is mainly due to the resonant Faraday effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microfluidic DNA sample preparation method and device (2023)

Manipulation of DNA molecules in solution has become an essential aspect of genetic analyses used for biomedical assays, the identification of hazardous bacterial agents, and in decoding the human genome. Currently, most of the steps involved in preparing a DNA sample for analysis are performed manually and are time, labor, and equipment intensive. These steps include extraction of the DNA from spores or cells, separation of the DNA from other particles and molecules in the solution (e.g. dust, smoke, cell/spore debris, and proteins), and separation of the DNA itself into strands of specific lengths. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a phenomenon whereby polarizable particles move in response to a gradient in electric field, can be used to manipulate and separate DNA in an automated fashion, considerably reducing the time and expense involved in DNA analyses, as well as allowing for the miniaturization of DNA analysis instruments. These applications include direct transport of DNA, trapping of DNA to allow for its separation from other particles or molecules in the solution, and the separation of DNA into strands of varying lengths.