gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The solar gravitational redshift from HARPS-LFC Moon spectra (2020)

Context. The general theory of relativity predicts the redshift of spectral lines in the solar photosphere as a consequence of the gravitational potential of the Sun. This effect can be measured from a solar disk-integrated flux spectrum of the Sun’s reflected light on Solar System bodies. Aims. The laser frequency comb (LFC) calibration system attached to the HARPS spectrograph offers the possibility of performing an accurate measurement of the solar gravitational redshift (GRS) by observing the Moon or other Solar System bodies. Here, we analyse the line shift observed in Fe absorption lines from five high-quality HARPS-LFC spectra of the Moon. Methods. We selected an initial sample of 326 photospheric Fe lines in the spectral range between 476–585 nm and measured their line positions and equivalent widths (EWs). Accurate line shifts were derived from the wavelength position of the core of the lines compared with the laboratory wavelengths of Fe lines. We also used a CO 5 BOLD 3D hydrodynamical model atmosphere of the Sun to compute 3D synthetic line profiles of a subsample of about 200 spectral Fe lines centred at their laboratory wavelengths. We fit the observed relatively weak spectral Fe lines (with EW&lt; 180 mÅ) with the 3D synthetic profiles. Results. Convective motions in the solar photosphere do not affect the line cores of Fe lines stronger than about ∼150 mÅ. In our sample, only 15 Fe I lines have EWs in the range 150&lt; EW(mÅ) &lt; 550, providing a measurement of the solar GRS at 639 ± 14 m s −1 , which is consistent with the expected theoretical value on Earth of ∼633.1 m s −1 . A final sample of about 97 weak Fe lines with EW &lt; 180 mÅ allows us to derive a mean global line shift of 638 ± 6 m s −1 , which is in agreement with the theoretical solar GRS. Conclusions. These are the most accurate measurements of the solar GRS obtained thus far. Ultrastable spectrographs calibrated with the LFC over a larger spectral range, such as HARPS or ESPRESSO, together with a further improvement on the laboratory wavelengths, could provide a more robust measurement of the solar GRS and further testing of 3D hydrodynamical models.
Effect of a therapeutic sphingosine 1-phosphate antibody on intratumoral hypoxia and sensitivity to standard chemotherapy in prostate cancer animal model. (2011)

24 Background: Hypoxia promotes neovascularization, metastasis, growth and resistance to treatments. The activation of HIF-1α has been identified as the master mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia. We recently identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) pathway as a new modulator of HIF-1α activity under hypoxia in multiple cancer cell models (Ader et al, Cancer Res, 2008). S1P elicits proliferation, survival, or angiogenesis, and is believed to exert most of its actions as a ligand for a family of specific GPCRs to elicit paracrine or autocrine signaling. We have suggested that inhibiting SphK1/S1P signaling, which is up-regulated under hypoxia, may help normalizing the tumor microenvironment and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy, in the broader concept of normalization of tumor vessels as tumor oxygenation is known to enhance response to chemotherapy (Ader et al., Cancer Res, 2009). Methods: Quantitation of hypoxia and angiogenesis, and treatment efficacy using an orthotopic (o.t) xenograft model of fluorescent HRPC cells. Results: We provide in vitro evidence that inhibiting the S1P exogenous signaling, through pharmacological inhibition of its receptors or by taking advantage of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing S1P, blocks HIF-1α accumulation and its activity in prostate cancer cells under hypoxia. Second, using an o.t model of prostate cancer, we show that an anti-S1P antibody inhibits intratumoral hypoxia and modifies vessel architecture within 5 days of treatment. Third, we demonstrate that an anti-S1P strategy sensitizes to docetaxel, the “gold standard” treatment for HRPC. A 5-day anti-S1P antibody pretreatment markedly sensitizes to docetaxel in an o.t. PC-3/GFP model established in nude mice. The combination anti-S1P antibodytogether withdocetaxel was not only accompanied by a smaller primary tumor volume compared to docetaxel alone, but also significantly reduced the occurrence and number of metastases. Conclusions: These data establish the proof-of-concept that blocking the exogenous action of S1P reduces intratumoral hypoxia and sensitizes to chemotherapy in prostate cancer animal model. [Table: see text]
A Nanoscale Adventure with Silicon: Synthesis, Surface Chemistry, and other Surprises (2015)

The preparation and surface chemistry Si quantum dots (SiQDs) are currently an intense focus of research because of their size dependent optical properties and many potential applications. SiQDs offer several advantages over other quantum dots; Si is earth abundant, non-toxic and biocompatible. This account briefly highlights recent advancements made by our research group related to the synthesis, functionalization, surface dependent optical properties and applications of SiQDs.
Publisher Correction: A downy mildew effector evades recognition by polymorphism of expression and subcellular localization (2019)

The original version of this article contained an error in the author affiliations. Oliver J. Furzer was incorrectly associated with Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the article. The PDF version of the article was correct at the time of publication.Furthermore, the original version of this article stated that correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Heidelberg.Center.for.Personalized.Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120Germany S.A. (email: shuta.asai@riken.jp) or to J.D.G.J. (email: jonathan.jones@tsl.ac.uk). The words "Heidelberg.Center.for.Personalized.Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120Germany" were introduced inadvertently.This has now been corrected in the PDF version of the article. The HTML version of the article was correct at the time of publication.
Supplementary Table 1 from Intrinsic Breast Tumor Subtypes, Race, and Long-Term Survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (2023)

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Electron backscatter diffraction study of variant selection during ordering phase transformation in L10-type red gold alloy (2019)

A shape-memory effect is known to appear in red gold alloys with compositions close to Au–Cu. The aim of this paper is to study by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) the variant selection in the A1 → L1 0 transformation occurring under stress, in bending conditions. The L1 0 domains are successfully identified by this technique despite the c / a ratio being close to unity. The orientation relationship between the cubic and tetragonal phases is determined by a careful analysis of the EBSD data. The distortion of the lattice for each variant is then modelled and calculated from the experimental orientations. The mechanical work associated with the transformation is computed from the lattice distortion by neglecting the obliquity. Finally, the distribution of this mechanical work is compared with the case of a uniform distribution of all variants, in order to evaluate the extent of variant selection. The maximal work criterion, often used for martensitic transformations, enabled quantification of the variant selection phenomenon.
Oxygen Transport through Aquatic Macrophytes: The Role in Wastewater Treatment (1990)

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of three floating and six emergent aquatic macrophytes in improving domestic wastewater quality, based on their capacities for O 2 transport into the effluent. Oxygen transport into the rooting zone of the plants created an oxidized microenvironment, thereby stimulating C and N transformations critical to wastewater treatment. Plants were cultured in flasks containing deoxygenated primary and secondary sewage effluent for an 8‐d period. Oxygen transport by the plants was measured in terms of both O 2 consumed by the effluent (biological O 2 demand reduction—BOD 5 ) and increased effluent dissolved O 2 . Two floating plants, pennywort ( Hydrocotyle umbellata L.) and waterhyacinth [ Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms], and the emergent plants pickerelweed ( Pontederia cordata L.) and common arrowhead ( Sagittaria latifolia L.), were superior in improving primary sewage effluent quality, by reducing BOD 5 up to 88%, NH 4 ‐N up to 77%, and increasing dissolved O 2 up to 6.1 mg L −1 . Nitrification rates in pennywort‐ and water hyacinth‐based water treatment systems were calculated to be in the range of 12 to 47 kg NH 4 ‐N ha −1 d −1 . Oxygen transport through plants accounted for up to 90% of the total O 2 transported into the effluent. In separate batch experiments, the effectiveness of diffuse mechanical aeration (5 and 50 mL air min −1 ) and of biological aeration (O 2 transport by selected plants including pennywort, waterhyacinth, pickerelweed, and common arrowhead) on the rate of contaminant removal from deoxygenated primary sewage effluent were compared for a 26‐d period. Biological and mechanical aeration effected similar BOD 5 removal. First‐order reaction rate constants for BOD 5 removal were from 0.0066 to 0.0079 h −1 and from 0.0041 to 0.0051 h −1 for biological and mechanical aeration, respectively. Rate constants for NH 4 ‐N removal were from 0.0024 to 0.0107 h −1 for the plant treatments. Virtually complete BOD 5 removal occurred in biological and mechanical aeration treatments within 20 d. Complete nitrification of NH 4 ‐N had occurred within 12 d after mechanical aeration was initiated, but subsequent N‐loss by denitrification was inhibited. In the biological aeration treatments, negligible effluent (NO 3 + NO 2 )‐N levels were measured, but 65 to 100% NH 4 ‐N loss occurred both by plant assimilation and by sequential nitrification‐denitrification reactions.
High current low contact resistance platinum-coated CMOS-MEMS probes (2010)

We report on high current, low contact resistance, platinum-coated, lever-based CMOS-MEMS electrothermal probes with embedded displacement and force sensors for MEMS Instrumented Self-Configuring Integrated Circuits (MISCICs). The MISCIC vision is to use MEMS conductive probes to reconfigure ICs, mainly RF ICs such as inductors, by mechanically addressing and passing current pulses through resistance change vias which are embedded within chip circuitry. With a platinum-coated conductive tip of 2.6 × 2.6 ¿m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a contact force of around 20 ¿N, the achieved contact resistance is 0.64 ¿. The tip and its routing path survive after passing a 20 mA DC current for 60 minutes without failure.
THE EFFECTS OF INTENTIONAL CRYOABLATION AND RADIO FREQUENCY ABLATION OF RENAL TISSUE INVOLVING THE COLLECTING SYSTEM IN A PORCINE MODEL (2005)

Renal cortical tissue can be effectively destroyed by cryoablation or RFA. However, treatment of deep parenchymal lesions with either modality may result in incomplete ablation. Cryosurgery but not RFA spares the collecting system in an acute setting. However, healing or regrowth of the urothelium may occur with time after RFA. Laparoscopic US is more accurate for cryolesion monitoring than transcutaneous US.
Sequence of Protein Feeding and Value of Alfalfa Meal and Fish Meal for Pregnant Gilts and Sows (1974)

Three groups of 60 crossbred gilts were employed in two consecutive farrowings to evaluate five gestation protein regimes. Treatments (1.9 kg/day) were: 1) 12% protein corn-soybean meal diet throughout pregnancy, 2) fortified corn diet (8.7% protein) until day 80 of gestation, then 12% protein diet until farrowing, 3) as 2 except a 16% protein corn-soybean meal diet from day 80 until farrowing, 4) 12% protein corn-soybean meal diet with 5% dehydrated alfalfa meal throughout pregnancy and 5) 12% protein corn-soybean meal diet containing 3% menhaden fish meal throughout pregnancy. All dams were ad libitum fed 16% protein corn-soybean meal diets during lactation. Litter size of live pigs at birth and weaning was lower for treatments 2 and 4 than for the average of the other treatments. Reproductive performance of gilts or sows fed the 16% protein diet during the last trimester of pregnancy (treatment 3) was equivalent to that observed on the positive control 12% protein diet fed throughout pregnancy. No improvement was noted from addition of 3% fish meal to the gestation ration.
A novel global fitting algorithm for decay-associated images from fluorescence lifetime image microscopy data (2009)

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is a technique in which the fluorescence lifetime(s) of a fluorophore is measured at each spatially resolvable element of a microscope image. Imaging of fluorescence lifetimes enables biochemical reactions to be followed at each microscopically resolvable location within the cell. FLIM has thus become very useful for biomedical tissue imaging. Global analysis [1] is a method of recovering fluorescence decay parameters from either time-resolved emission spectra to yield Decay-Associated Spectra [2], or equivalently, from FLIM datasets to yield Decay-Associated Images. Global analysis offers a sensitive and non-invasive probe of metabolic state of intracellular molecules such as NADH. Using prior information, such as the spatial invariance of the lifetime of each fluorescent species in the image, to better refine the relevant parameters, global analysis can recover lifetimes and amplitudes more accurately than traditional pixel-by-pixel analysis. Here, we explain a method to analyze FLIM data so that more accurate lifetimes and DAIs can be computed in a reasonable time. This approach involves coupling an iterative global analysis with linear algebraic operations. It can be successfully applied to image, e.g. metabolic states of live cardiac myocytes, etc.
Time Course of Nodal Enhancement with CT X-Ray Nanoparticle Contrast Agents (2000)

Clearance of insoluble, iodinated nanoparticle contrast agents from lymph nodes can be modulated by changes in the structure of the agent itself. Using the same agent, smaller particles deliver material to the lymph nodes more quickly and clear more quickly.
Study of solidification pathway of a MoSiBTiC alloy by optical thermal analysis and in-situ observation with electromagnetic levitation (2019)

MoSiBTiC alloys are promising candidates for next-generation ultrahigh-temperature materials. However, the phase diagram of these alloys has been unknown. We have developed an ultrahigh-temperature thermal analyser based on blackbody radiation that can be used to analyse the melting and solidification of the alloy 67.5Mo-5Si-10B-8.75Ti-8.75 C (mol%). Furthermore, electromagnetic levitation (EML) was used for in-situ observation of solidification and microstructural study of the alloy. On the basis of the results, the following solidification pathway is proposed: Mo solid solution (Mo<sub>ss</sub>) begins to crystallize out as a primary phase at 1955 °C (2228 K) from a liquid state, which is followed by a (Mo<sub>ss</sub>+TiC) eutectic reaction starting at 1900 °C (2173 K). Molybdenum boride (Mo<sub>2</sub>B) phase precipitates from the liquid after the eutectic reaction; however, the Mo<sub>2</sub>B phase may react with the remaining liquid to form Mo<sub>ss</sub> and Mo<sub>5</sub>SiB<sub>2</sub> (T<sub>2</sub>) as solidification proceeds. In addition, T<sub>2</sub> also precipitates as a single phase from the liquid. The remaining liquid reaches the (Mo<sub>ss</sub> + T<sub>2</sub> + TiC) ternary eutectic point at 1880 °C (2153 K), and the (Mo<sub>ss</sub> + T<sub>2</sub> + Mo<sub>2</sub>C) eutectic reaction finally occurs at 1720 °C (1993 K). This completes the solidification of the MoSiBTiC alloy.
Bayesian Inference with Posterior Regularization and Infinite Latent SVMs (2012)

Existing Bayesian models, especially nonparametric Bayesian methods, rely on specially conceived priors to incorporate domain knowledge for discovering improved latent representations. While priors can affect posterior distributions through Bayes' rule, imposing posterior regularization is arguably more direct and in some cases more natural and general. In this paper, we present regularized Bayesian inference (RegBayes), a novel computational framework that performs posterior inference with a regularization term on the desired post-data posterior distribution under an information theoretical formulation. RegBayes is more flexible than the procedure that elicits expert knowledge via priors, and it covers both directed Bayesian networks and undirected Markov networks whose Bayesian formulation results in hybrid chain graph models. When the regularization is induced from a linear operator on the posterior distributions, such as the expectation operator, we present a general convex-analysis theorem to characterize the solution of RegBayes. Furthermore, we present two concrete examples of RegBayes, infinite latent support vector machines (iLSVM) and multi-task infinite latent support vector machines (MT-iLSVM), which explore the large-margin idea in combination with a nonparametric Bayesian model for discovering predictive latent features for classification and multi-task learning, respectively. We present efficient inference methods and report empirical studies on several benchmark datasets, which appear to demonstrate the merits inherited from both large-margin learning and Bayesian nonparametrics. Such results were not available until now, and contribute to push forward the interface between these two important subfields, which have been largely treated as isolated in the community.
Satellite DNA fromXenopus laevis: comparative analysis of 745 and 1037 base pairHindIII tandem repeats (1983)

Highly repetitive Hind III restriction fragments of 0.72-0.76 KBP from total Xenopus laevis genomic DNA are organized in a tandem like arrangement. Cloning of these fragments in pBR 322 with subsequent restriction site mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis of some selected clones showed two different types of sequences. 25-30% of material represent the oocyte specific 5 S DNA repeat units, 70-75% are similar to the recently described repeat elements of satellite 1 DNA. Hybridization of a genomic DNA library to such a 745 BP monomeric repeat unit and investigation of some clones with positive autoradiographic signals revealed structural heterogeneities of repeat elements, in that the 745 BP sequence cross-hybridized with 1037 BP Hind III repeat units. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that the two types of sequences show a homology of 84.3% and that the 1037 BP sequence additionally contains duplicated elements of the 745 BP sequence as well as apparently unrelated DNA sequences.
Femtosecond Resolution of Soft Mode Dynamics in Structural Phase Transitions (1992)

The microscopic pathway along which ions or molecules in a crystal move during a structural phase transition can often be described in terms of a collective vibrational mode of the lattice. In many cases, this mode, called a "soft" phonon mode because of its characteristically low frequency near the phase transition temperature, is difficult to characterize through conventional frequency-domain spectroscopies such as light or neutron scattering. A femtosecond time-domain analog of light-scattering spectroscopy called impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) has been used to examine the soft modes of two perovskite ferroelectric crystals. The low-frequency lattice dynamics of KNbO(3) and BaTiO(3) are clarified in a manner that permits critical evaluation of microscopic models for their ferroelectric transitions. The results illustrate the advantages of ISRS over conventional Raman spectroscopy of low-frequency, heavily damped soft modes.
Using Capillary Electrophoresis To Follow the Acetylation of the Amino Groups of Insulin and To Estimate Their Basicities (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionUsing Capillary Electrophoresis To Follow the Acetylation of the Amino Groups of Insulin and To Estimate Their BasicitiesJinming Gao, Milan Mrksich, Frank A. Gomez, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 13, 2287Publication Date (Web):July 1, 1996Publication History Published online1 July 1996Published inissue 1 July 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac9614001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9614001correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (32 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heterogeneity of the signal transduction pathways for VEGF‐induced MAPKs activation in human vascular endothelial cells (2001)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activates ERK and p38 MAPK in endothelial cells (ECs). The present study was aimed to compare its intracellular signal transduction pathways between three primary cultures of human ECs including human aortic ECs (HAECs), human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), and human microvascular ECs (HMVECs). VEGF activated ERK and p38 MAPK in all of three ECs. Isoforms of p38 MAPK that were activated by VEGF in HUVECs were p38-alpha and p38-delta. GF109203X, a specific inhibitor of PKC, markedly inhibited VEGF-induced activation of ERK and p38 MAPK in HAECs and HUVECs, whereas it exhibited little effect in HMVECs. In contrast, dominant negative mutant of Ha-Ras almost completely abrogated VEGF-induced activation of ERK and p38 MAPK in HMVECs. Although dominant negative mutant of Ha-Ras substantially inhibited the basal activities of ERK and p38 MAPK, it exhibited marginal effect on VEGF-induced activation of ERK and p38 MAPK in HUVECs and HAECs. The activation of Ras by VEGF appeared to be most prominent in HMVECs. These results indicate that intracellular signal transduction pathways for VEGF-induced activation of MAPKs are heterogeneous and vary depending on the origin of ECs.