gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Sterically Encumbered Terphenyls and Characterization of Their Metal Derivatives Et2OLiC6H3-2,6-Trip2 and Me2SCuC6H3-2,6-Trip2 (Trip = 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2-) (1996)

The synthesis and characterization of sterically encumbered terphenyl compounds are described. These are 2,6-Dipp2C6H3I (Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3-), 1, 2,6-Trip2C6H3I (Trip = 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2−), 2, and 1,3-Mes*C6H4 (Mes* = 2,4,6-t-Bu3C6H2-), 3, and the solvated metal derivatives Et2OLiC6H3-2,6-Trip2, 4, and Me2SCuC6H3-2,6-Trip2, 5. They were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of 3−5, by X-ray crystallography. The monomeric structures of 4 and 5 and the two-coordinate nature of the metals underline the very bulky characteristics of these ligands. In addition the isolation of 3 rather than the intended iodine derivative 2,6-Mes*2C6H3I suggests that the synthetic route to the precursor halides can be limited by very large ring substituents.
Supplementary Data from Intratumoral IL12 mRNA Therapy Promotes TH1 Transformation of the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1&lt;/p&gt;
Transition threshold optimization for a rule based automotive cruise control (2014)

This paper presents a novel approach to fuel efficient vehicle speed control. Motivated by potential fuel economy improvements through periodic time-varying cruise control, a finite state machine structure is designed to control transitions between discrete states of acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration. The scheme accounts for changes in road grade, reduces fuel consumption, maintains drivability, and is easy to calibrate and implement. A method for optimizing the thresholds that control transitions between the states of the finite state machine is introduced and demonstrated. Results from simulation and vehicle testing are presented for a test route, demonstrating up to a 5.47% dynamic fuel consumption improvement potential in vehicle testing.
Transplant Outcome in Acute Myeloid but Not Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Following T Cell Depleted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation May Be Favorably Influenced by Early Recovery of NK Cells. (2005)

Abstract Between 05/1994 and 07/2005, 78 patients with acute leukemia (AML=49; ALL=29) received a T cell depleted stem cell transplant from an HLA-identical sibling, with 1–2 infusions of donor T cells on days 30–100. The conditioning regimen included 12–13.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) with or without fludarabine. Cyclosporine (CSA) was given as the sole GVHD prophylaxis after transplant. The stem cell source was peripheral blood in 75 and bone marrow in 3. The T cell dose ranged between 0.2 to 2 × 105CD3+ cells/kg. AML and ALL patients were distributed equally among transplant regimen and T cell dose variations. The median CD34 cell dose was 5.4 × 106 cells/kg, (5.4 for AML, and 5.5 for ALL; p=0.50). Actuarial disease free survival (DFS), transplant related mortality (TRM) and relapse rate was 42±8, 20±6 and 40±9 % for AML and 22±10; 35±19 and 64±11% for ALL patients. The median day 30 post-transplantation lymphocyte count (LC30) for AML patients was 418/μl (31–2105) and 778/μl (265–3295) for ALL patients; p=0.063). In multivariate analysis, LC30 emerged as an independent risk factor for transplant outcome in AML but not ALL patients (see figure). In AML patients LC30 above median was associated with superior DFS, lower TRM and lower relapse. CD34 dose and LC30 were highly correlated for AML and ALL analyzed together or separately. Lymphocyte subset analysis of 20 post-transplant samples on day 30 identified a large proportion of CD56+16+ natural killer (NK) cells (median 44%, range 15–86%). Since early post-transplant NK cells are immature and unregulated by KIR-expression they may exert anti-host reactivity. The more favorable outcome for AML but not ALL patients achieving higher lymphocyte counts early post-transplant recapitulates the myeloid leukemia-restricted benefit from superior NK cell recovery observed in AML but not ALL recipients of mismatched T cell depleted stem cell transplants reported by Ruggeri et al (Blood.1999;94:333–9). Figure Figure
Photoresist Characterization and Wet Strip after Low-k Dry Etch (2007)

[Claes, M.; Le, Q. T.; Kesters, E.; Lux, M.; Franquet, A.; Vereecke, G.; Mertens, P. W.] IMEC VZW, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
Signature of band inversion in the perovskite thin-film alloys BaSn1–xPbxO3 (2020)

Perovskite oxides $AB{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ containing heavy B-site elements are a class of candidate materials to host topological metals with a large spin-orbit interaction. In contrast to the band insulator $\mathrm{BaSn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, the semimetal $\mathrm{BaPb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is proposed to be a typical example with an inverted band structure, the conduction band of which is composed of mainly the $\mathrm{O}\text{\ensuremath{-}}2p$ orbital. In this paper, we exemplify a band-gap modification by systematic structural, optical, and transport measurements in $\mathrm{BaS}{\mathrm{n}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{b}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films. A sudden suppression of the conductivity and an enhancement of the weak antilocalization effect at $x=0.9$ indicate the presence of a singular point in the electronic structure as a signature of the band inversion. Our findings provide an intriguing platform for combining topological aspects and electron correlation in perovskite oxides based on band-gap engineering.
Analysis of Host Range Restriction in Escherichia coli Treated with Toluene (1971)

Escherichia coli cells treated with toluene replicate DNA when they are provided with deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates, ATP, Mg(++), and K(+). However, when deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate is replaced by hydroxymethyl deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate, incorporation of nucleotides into acid-precipitable material by toluenetreated strains restrictive to nonglucosylated T-even phage is reduced to less than 5% of that normally observed. Even when dCTP is present in the reaction mixture, a similar effect of the hydroxymethyl analogue on DNA replication is observed. In contrast, toluene-treated E. coli K12r6(-)r2,4(-), a strain permissive to the nonglucosylated T-even phage, incorporates hydroxymethyl deoxycytosine into its DNA, and replication proceeds at only a slightly reduced rate in the presence of the hydroxymethyl deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate. The presence of the hydroxymethyl deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate in the reaction mixture does not lead to degradation of preexisting DNA of the restrictive host, but it does lead to an irreversible inhibition of further DNA replication; the inhibition is observed only when the hydroxymethyl deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate is present during replication. Thus phage-specific enzymes are not necessary for the incorporation of hydroxymethylcytosine into phage DNA, and the restrictive mechanism, present in the host cell before infection, can recognize hydroxymethylcytosine residues in its own DNA, as well as the DNA of the T-even phage.
Improving the quality of the evaporated Ge nanodot arrays by laser annealing (2011)

To improve the quality of deposited amorphous germanium (a-Ge) on the Si substrate, a re-crystallization method of a-Ge by laser annealing is demonstrated. Laser annealing has two important advantages: high energy density E (700, mJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is melting the a-Ge and a lot of laser spot quantity (20 spots) is alteration the a-Ge quality. These two factors were carefully designed to fabricate the high quality crystalline Ge(c-Ge). High laser energy density E and a lot of laser spot quantity would transform the a-Ge nanorod into c-Ge nanodot due to Ge's high cohesion. In addition, the size and distribution of Ge-nanodot arrays can be defined with the electron beam (E-Beam) lithography. The quality of re-crystallized Ge-nanodot arrays as characterized with Micro-Raman. To characterize the crystallinity, the Raman spectrum is fitted with the Lorentz distribution. The result shows that the narrow FWHM is 3.5278 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and peak position at 303.889 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , which is close to that of single crystal Ge. It implies that the quality of there crystallized Ge-nanodot arrays are almost the same as that of single crystal Ge and the strain is fully relaxed. In summary, the high quality of crystalline germanium (c-Ge) nanodot arrays on Si substrate can be achieved by laser annealing.
Biodegradation and mineralization of isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in anaerobic marine sediments (2016)

The lack of knowledge on the fate of explosive compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), particularly in marine ecosystems, constrains the application of bioremediation techniques in explosive-contaminated coastal sites. The authors present a comparative study on anaerobic biodegradation and mineralization of <sup>15</sup> N-nitro group isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in organic carbon-rich, fine-grained marine sediment with native microbial assemblages. Separate sediment slurry experiments were carried out for TNT and RDX at 23°C for 16 d. Dissolved and sediment-sorbed fractions of parent and transformation products, isotopic compositions of sediment, and mineralization products of the dissolved inorganic N pool (<sup>15</sup> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ,<sup>15</sup> NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ,<sup>15</sup> NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> , and <sup>15</sup> N<sub>2</sub> ) were measured. The rate of TNT removal from the aqueous phase was faster (0.75 h<sup>-1</sup> ) than that of RDX (0.37 h<sup>-1</sup> ), and <sup>15</sup> N accumulation in sediment was higher in the TNT (13%) than the RDX (2%) microcosms. Mono-amino-dinitrotoluenes were identified as intermediate biodegradation products of TNT. Two percent of the total spiked TNT-N is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N through 2 different pathways: denitration as well as deamination and formation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> , facilitated by iron and sulfate reducing bacteria in the sediments. The majority of the spiked TNT-N (85%) is in unidentified pools by day 16. Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (10%) biodegrades to nitroso derivatives, whereas 13% of RDX-N in nitro groups is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N anaerobically by the end of the experiment. The primary identified mineralization end product of RDX (40%) is NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> , generated through either deamination or mono-denitration, followed by ring breakdown. A reasonable production of N<sub>2</sub> gas (13%) was seen in the RDX system but not in the TNT system. Sixty-eight percent of the total spiked RDX-N is in an unidentified pool by day 16 and may include unquantified mineralization products dissolved in water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1170-1180. © 2016 SETAC.
Nematode Signaling Molecules Are Extensively Metabolized by Animals, Plants, and Microorganisms (2021)

Many bacterivorous and parasitic nematodes secrete signaling molecules called ascarosides that play a central role regulating their behavior and development. Combining stable-isotope labeling and mass spectrometry-based comparative metabolomics, here we show that ascarosides are taken up from the environment and metabolized by a wide range of phyla, including plants, fungi, bacteria, and mammals, as well as nematodes. In most tested eukaryotes and some bacteria, ascarosides are metabolized into derivatives with shortened fatty acid side chains, analogous to ascaroside biosynthesis in nematodes. In plants and <i>C. elegans</i>, labeled ascarosides were additionally integrated into larger, modular metabolites, and use of different ascaroside stereoisomers revealed the stereospecificity of their biosynthesis. The finding that nematodes extensively metabolize ascarosides taken up from the environment suggests that pheromone editing may play a role in conspecific and interspecific interactions. Moreover, our results indicate that plants, animals, and microorganisms may interact with associated nematodes via manipulation of ascaroside signaling.
Correlated scattering of protons impinging as hydrogen molecules (1974)

The joint energy and angular-distribution function of protons transmitted through a thin foil when incident as 2-MeV ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ has been measured. The experimental result is compared with simple calculations and satisfactory agreement is obtained.
Addressing the Configuration Stability of Lithiated Secondary Benzylic Carbamates for the Development of a Noncryogenic Stereospecific Boronate Rearrangement (2014)

A practical noncryogenic process for the Aggarwal stereospecific boronate rearrangement with chiral secondary benzylic carbamates has been developed. The use of LDA instead of sec-BuLi combined with an in situ trapping of the unstable lithiated carbamate was critical to success. Furthermore, this new process increased the substrate scope to include the versatile aryl iodide and bromide substrates. The methodology was applied to a diverse array of substrates and was demonstrated on multikilogram scale.
Robust Incremental Structure from Motion (2010)

We present a novel method to solve structure and motion problems robustly and incrementally from unordered sets of input images. The proposed method can build large reconstructions without depending on global structure for outlier rejection and starts from the most reliable parts of the data sets. The two main ideas are a strategy to identify reliable subsets of images that have the highest mutual compatibility and an ordering of the reconstruction buildup that gives higher priority to these subsets and merges new information according to this ordering. Another advantage of our buildup strategy is that loop closing is done unbiased by drift in spite of adding correspondence data incrementally. Correspondence information is only locally verified and merged into reconstructions without immediately removing outliers based on globally reconstructed structure. We demonstrate the robustness and scalability of our approach on several large reconstructions from unordered sets of images and indicate the achieved accuracy by preserving the topology of the 3D structure and cameras. 1.
Prospects for Reengineering Agrobacterium tumefaciens for T-DNA Delivery to Chloroplasts (2021)

Targeting the phiC31 phage integrase for direct export from Agrobacterium to chloroplasts reveals the feasibility of retargeting the Agrobacterium Vir proteins for T-DNA delivery to chloroplasts.
Electrochemical Model-Based State of Charge Estimation for Li-Ion Cells (2014)

Lithium ion (Li-ion) is the current leading battery technology. Because of their complex behavior, Li-ion batteries require advanced battery management systems (BMSs). One of the most critical tasks of a BMS is state of charge (SoC) estimation. In this paper, an efficient electrochemical model-based SoC estimation algorithm is presented. The use of electrochemical models enables an accurate estimation of the SoC as well during high current events. However, this often due to the cost of a high computational complexity. In this paper, it is shown that by writing the model as a linearly spatially interconnected system and by exploiting the resulting semi-separable structure an efficient extended Kalman filter (EKF) can be implemented. The proposed EKF is compared with another electrochemical-based estimation and shown to deliver an estimation error of less than 5% also during high current peak.
Newly Developed Hydrophilic Slippery Surface for Medical Application (2017)

This chapter describes the development of a hydrophilic polymer surface exhibiting excellent slipperiness properties when in contact with water or physiological fluid, due to the reaction of epoxy containing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) with the polyarnino compound formed on the surface of the substrate. Epoxy containing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was obtained by the copolymerization of vinyl pyrrolidone as a hydrophilic component, glycidyl acrylate as a binding component to the substrate, and vinyl acetate to preserve the strength of the coating layer. The slipperiness of the surface depends on the molecular weight of the coated hydrophilic copolymer. It was demonstrated that a molecular weight of 400,000 or more is essential to achieve excellent slipperiness. Polyurethane catheters, both with and without the hydrophilic slippery coating, were evaluated for slipperiness and blood compatibility using rabbit models. In the case of coated catheters, no lesions of the intima of the blood vessels and no thrombus formation on the surface of the catheter were observed. However, the non-coated catheters injured the intima of the blood vessels, and severe thrombus formation was found on their surfaces.
Epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosanoids and impairs cardiac recovery after ischemia (2018)

Stimuli such as inflammation or hypoxia induce cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-mediated production of arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). EETs have cardioprotective, vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, which are diminished by EET hydrolysis yielding biologically less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Previous <i>in vitro</i> assays have suggested that epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) is responsible for nearly all EET hydrolysis. EPHX1, which exhibits slow EET hydrolysis <i>in vitro</i>, is thought to contribute only marginally to EET hydrolysis. Using <i>Ephx1</i><sup>-/-</sup>, <i>Ephx2</i><sup>-/-</sup>, and <i>Ephx1</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>Ephx2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, we show here that EPHX1 significantly contributes to EET hydrolysis <i>in vivo</i> Disruption of <i>Ephx1</i> and/or <i>Ephx2</i> genes did not induce compensatory changes in expression of other <i>Ephx</i> genes or <i>CYP2</i> family epoxygenases. Plasma levels of 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-DHET were reduced by 38, 44, and 67% in <i>Ephx2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with wildtype (WT) mice, respectively; however, plasma from <i>Ephx1</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>Ephx2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibited significantly greater reduction (100, 99, and 96%) of those respective DHETs. Kinetic assays and FRET experiments indicated that EPHX1 is a slow EET scavenger, but hydrolyzes EETs in a coupled reaction with cytochrome P450 to limit basal EET levels. Moreover, we also found that EPHX1 activities are biologically relevant, as <i>Ephx1</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>Ephx2</i><sup>-/-</sup> hearts had significantly better postischemic functional recovery (71%) than both WT (31%) and <i>Ephx2</i><sup>-/-</sup> (51%) hearts. These findings indicate that <i>Ephx1</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>Ephx2</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice are a valuable model for assessing EET-mediated effects, uncover a new paradigm for EET metabolism, and suggest that dual EPHX1 and EPHX2 inhibition may represent a therapeutic approach to manage human pathologies such as myocardial infarction.
Defective interfering virus associated with A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/83 influenza virus (1987)

The A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1/83 influenza virus, isolated from a respiratory infection of chickens, is an avirulent H5N2 virus containing subgenomic RNAs (W.J. Bean, Y. Kawaoka, J.M. Wood, J.E. Pearson, and R.G. Webster, J. Virol. 54:151-160, 1985). We show here that defective interfering particles are present in this virus population. The virus had a low ratio of plaque-forming to hemagglutinating units and produced interference with standard virus multiplication in infectious center reduction assays. Subgenomic RNAs were identified as internally deleted polymerase RNAs. We have confirmed that this virus protects chickens from lethal H5N2 influenza virus infection. This protective effect appeared to be due to the inhibition of virulent virus multiplication. Additionally, subgenomic RNAs derived from polymerase RNAs were detected in 5 of 18 RNA preparations from animal influenza virus isolates. Therefore, defective interfering particles are sometimes produced in natural influenza virus infections, not just under laboratory conditions. These particles may be capable of suppressing the pathogenic effect of virulent virus infections in nature.
Design of a Modular Multilevel Converter Prototype for Research Purposes (2018)

As modular multilevel converters gradually become the preferred topology for many high-voltage and high-power applications, they are widely studied among researchers, who need experimental results to validate their studies. This paper discusses the design of a down-scaled modular multilevel converter prototype for research purposes, equipped with 30 full-bridge submodules and 10 kW rating. The design of this prototype is aimed at safety, flexibility, orderliness, and compactness. The challenges posed by the implementation of the converter prototype are examined, discussing the design of the prototype structure, the communication scheme, the full-bridge submodules, and the control hierarchy. The control system is based on Xilinx Zynq system-on-chip, which integrates programmable logic and processing system, allowing for extensive computational capability as well as simple reconfiguration. Experimental results showing the prototype in operation at nominal ratings are presented along with the devised graphical user interface.
Characterization of the role of HCN channels in β3-adrenoceptor mediated rat bladder relaxation (2015)

Species-specific differences were noted in expression of HCN channels in bladder. Opposing effects ZD7288 and Lamotrigine in the action of β3-AR agonist demonstrate possible functional interaction of HCN channels and β3-AR in detrusor contractility.
On Optimal Scheduling for Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing Approach in FDD Massive MIMO (2018)

Massive multiple-input and multiple-output is widely considered as a key enabler of the next generation 5G networks. With a large number of antennas at the base station, both spectral and energy efficiencies can be enhanced. Unfortunately, the downlink channel estimation overhead scales linearly with the number of antennas. This burden is easily mitigated in time division duplex systems by the use of the channel reciprocity property. However, this is unfeasible for frequency division duplex systems, and the method of two-stage beamforming was therefore developed to reduce the amount of channel state information feedback. The performance of this scheme being highly dependent on the users grouping and scheduling mechanisms, we introduce in this paper a new similarity measure coupled with a novel clustering procedure to achieve the appropriate users grouping. We also proceed to formulate the optimal users scheduling policy in joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM) and prove that it is NP-hard. This result is of paramount importance since it suggests that, unless P = NP, there are no polynomial time algorithms that solve the general scheduling problem to global optimality and the use of sub-optimal scheduling strategies is more realistic in practice. We, therefore, use graph theory to develop a sub-optimal users scheduling scheme that runs in polynomial time and outperforms the scheduling schemes previously introduced in the literature for JSDM in both sum-rate and throughput fairness.
Creating problems by problem solving: A conversation on how “single problem focus” can ignore or even cascade into undesired, and potentially harmful acoustical issues (2021)

A significant part of our profession is translation. It is far too easy to provide the exact right answer to the wrong question and the right solutions are often beyond the problem presented. This conversation will discuss cases where misunderstanding or misleading information was followed by folks asking the wrong question. These examples did or could have resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes at best and deadly outcomes at worst.