gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial visual systems enabled by quasi–two-dimensional electron gases in oxide superlattice nanowires (2020)

Rapid development of artificial intelligence techniques ignites the emerging demand on accurate perception and understanding of optical signals from external environments via brain-like visual systems. Here, enabled by quasi-two-dimensional electron gases (quasi-2DEGs) in InGaO<sub>3</sub>(ZnO)<sub>3</sub> superlattice nanowires (NWs), an artificial visual system was built to mimic the human ones. This system is based on an unreported device concept combining coexistence of oxygen adsorption-desorption kinetics on NW surface and strong carrier quantum-confinement effects in superlattice core, to resemble the biological Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion flux and neurotransmitter release dynamics. Given outstanding mobility and sensitivity of superlattice NWs, an ultralow energy consumption down to subfemtojoule per synaptic event is realized in quasi-2DEG synapses, which rivals that of biological synapses and now available synapse-inspired electronics. A flexible quasi-2DEG artificial visual system is demonstrated to simultaneously perform high-performance light detection, brain-like information processing, nonvolatile charge retention, in situ multibit-level memory, orientation selectivity, and image memorizing.
A Detailed Assessment of Varying Ejection Rate on Delivery Efficiency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Narrow-Bore Needles (2016)

As the number of clinical trials exploring cell therapy rises, a thorough understanding of the limits of cell delivery is essential. We used an extensive toolset comprising various standard and multiplex assays for the assessment of cell delivery postejection. Primary human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) suspensions were drawn up into 100-µl Hamilton syringes with 30- and 34-gauge needles attached, before being ejected at rates ranging from 10 to 300 µl/minute. Effects of ejection rate, including changes in viability, apoptosis, senescence, and other key aspects of cellular health, were evaluated. Ejections at slower flow rates resulted in a lower percentage of the cell dose being delivered, and apoptosis measurements of samples ejected at 10 µl/minute were significantly higher than control samples. Immunophenotyping also revealed significant downregulation of CD105 expression in samples ejected at 10 µl/minute (p < .05). Differentiation of ejected hMSCs was investigated using qualitative markers of adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis, which revealed that slower ejection rates exerted a considerable effect upon the differentiation capacity of ejected cells, thereby possibly influencing the success of cell-based therapies. The findings of this study demonstrate that ejection rate has substantial impact on the percentage of cell dose delivered and cellular health postejection.
Performance and reliability improvement in SiC power MOSFETs by implementing AlON high-k gate dielectrics (2012)

We have developed AlON high-k gate dielectric technology that can be easily implemented into both planar and trench SiC-based MOSFETs. On the basis of electrical characterization and numerical simulation, the thickness ratio of the AlON layer to the SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interlayer and nitrogen content in AlON film were carefully optimized to enhance device performance and reliability.
Characterization of low wear on top of asperities (2017)

The aim of this research is to characterize a surface that has experienced low wear on asperities. The procedure used is similar to an Abbott-Firestone approach and based on functional bearing of projected area, surface area and material volume. Surface features extracted from surface height maps provide more comprehensive information about topography changes due to wear. Thus, they were used to detect low wear volumes on the top of asperities.
Results from the Elba HF-2003 experiment (2004)

In October of 2003, a high‐frequency propagation and acoustic communications experiment was conducted off the Italian island of Elba. The experiment followed closely a previous experiment off Kauai (Hawaii Islands). In particular, a 5 km propagation path along the 100‐m isobath was selected. Relative to the Kauai Experiment, the Elba test was significant both in terms of what was similar and what was different. The experiment geometry was identical and a similar mixed layer structure was expected. However, since NURC has worked extensively in this area in past tests we were able to confidently select two sites, one with a very soft bottom and one with a very hard bottom. The comparison between measurements at the two sites in Elba and in Kauai is very illuminating in terms of the propagation conditions and the performance of the acoustic communications scheme. A final significant change was the inclusion of multiple input/multiple output (i.e. using source/receive arrays) communications schemes. We summarize preliminary results from this experiment.
Loss of TDP-43 function and rimmed vacuoles persist after T cell depletion in a xenograft model of sporadic inclusion body myositis (2021)

Abstract Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common acquired muscle disease in adults over age 50, yet it remains unclear whether the disease is primarily driven by T cell-mediated autoimmunity. IBM muscle biopsies exhibit nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in muscle cells, a pathologic finding observed initially in neurodegenerative disease, and nuclear loss of TDP-43 in neurons causes aberrant RNA splicing. Here, we show that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression, as determined by inclusion of cryptic exons, occurs in skeletal muscle of IBM patients. Out of 119 muscle biopsies tested, RT-PCR-mediated detection of cryptic exon expression is 84% sensitive and 99% specific for diagnosing IBM, indicating utility as a functional and diagnostic biomarker. To determine the role of T cells in pathogenesis, we generated a novel xenograft model by transplanting human IBM muscle into the hindlimb of immunodeficient mice. Xenografts from IBM patients display robust regeneration of human myofibers and recapitulate both inflammatory and degenerative features of the disease. Myofibers in IBM xenografts are invaded by human, oligoclonal CD8+ T cells and exhibit MHC-I upregulation, rimmed vacuoles, mitochondrial pathology, p62-positive inclusions, and nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, resulting in expression of cryptic exons. Depletion of human T cells within IBM xenografts by treating mice intraperitoneally with anti-CD3 (OKT3) suppresses MHC-I upregulation, but rimmed vacuoles and loss of TDP-43 function persist. These data suggest that myofiber degeneration occurs independent of T cells, and muscle cell-intrinsic mechanisms, such as loss of TDP-43 splicing repression, drive IBM pathogenesis. One Sentence Summary Depletion of T cells in a xenograft model of sporadic inclusion body myositis suppresses inflammation but not TDP-43 pathology or muscle degeneration.
Two-stream emotion recognition for call center monitoring (2007)

Wepresent a technique for two-stream processing of speech signals for emotion detection. The first stream recognises emotion from acoustic features while the second stream recognises emotion from the semantics of the conversation. A probabilistic measure is derived for each of the individual streams and the emotion category from the two streams is recognised. The output of the two streams is combined to generate a score for a particular emotion category. The confidence level of each stream is used to weigh the scores from the two streams while generating the final score. This technique is extremely significant for call-center data that have some semantics associated with the speech. Theproposed technique is evaluated on theLDC corpus and on the real-word call-center data. Experiments suggest that use of a two-stream process provides better results than the existing techniques of extracting emotion only from acoustic features. Index Terms: emotion detection, text analytics, speech recognition
Underwater Binocular Meta-lens (2023)

Underwater optics in all-aquatic environments is vital for environmental management, biogeochemistry, phytoplankton ecology, benthic processes, global change, etc. Many optical techniques of observational systems for underwater sensing, imaging, and applications have been developed. For the demands of compact, miniaturized, portable, lightweight, and low-energy consumption, a novel underwater binocular depth-sensing and imaging meta-optic device is developed and reported here. A GaN binocular meta-lens is specifically designed and fabricated to demonstrate underwater stereo vision and depth sensing. The diameter of each meta-lens is 2.6 mm, and the measured distance between the two meta-lens centers is 4.04 mm. The advantage of our binocular meta-lens is no need of distortion correction or camera calibration, which is necessary for traditional two-camera stereo vision systems. Based on the experimental results, we developed the generalized depth calculation formula for all-size binocular vision systems. With deep-learning support, this stereo vision system can realize the fast underwater object’s depth and image computation for real-time processing capability. Our artificial intelligent imaging results show that depth measurement accuracy is down to 50 μm. Besides the aberration-free advantage of flat meta-optic components, the intrinsic superhydrophobicity properties of our nanostructured GaN meta-lens enable an antiadhesion, stain-resistant, and self-cleaning novel underwater imaging device. This stereo vision binocular meta-lens will significantly benefit underwater micro/nanorobots, autonomous submarines, machine vision in the ocean, marine ecological surveys, etc.
Resist process control for 32-nm logic node and beyond with NA > 1.30 immersion exposure tool (2009)

Resist process challenges for 32-nm node and beyond are discussed in this paper. For line and space (L/S) logic patterns, we examine ways to balance the requirements of resolution-enhancement techniques (RETs). In 32-nm node logic patterning, two-dimensional (2D) layout pattern deformation becomes more severe with stronger RET (e.g., narrow angle CQUAD illumination). Also pattern collapse more frequently happens in 2D-pattern layouts when stronger RET is used. In contrast, milder RET (annular illumination) does not induce the severe pattern collapse in 2D-pattern layout. For 2D-pattern layouts, stronger RET seems to worsen image contrast and results in high background-light in the resist pattern, which induces more pattern collapse. For the minimum-pitch L/S pattern in 32-nm node logic, annular illumination is acceptable for patterning with NA1.35 scanner when high contrast resist is used. For contact/via patterns, it is necessary to expand the overlapping CD process window. Better process margin is realized through the combination of hole-shrink technique and precise acid-diffusion control in an ArF chemically amplified resist.
Formation and Cleavage of a Dicobalt Complex Bridged with a Pentamethylene Group (2001)

Abstract A new dicobalt complex bridged with a pentamethylene group was prepared and characterized by electronic and ESI mass spectroscopies. This cobalt complex gives cyclopentane via radical intermediates by anaerobic photolysis.
Consensus Report: The Current Role of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Non-Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes (2011)

The Coalition for Clinical Research--Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Scientific Board convened a meeting in San Francisco, CA, July 20-21, 2011, to discuss the current practice of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in non-insulin-treated (NIT) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twelve physician panel members from academia, practice, and government attended this meeting. These experts came from the United States, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. In addition, three consultants from Australia, Germany, and the United States contributed to the group's final report. This coalition was organized by Diabetes Technology Society. Self-monitoring of blood glucose was studied from eight perspectives related to patients with NIT T2DM: (1) epidemiological studies; (2) randomized controlled trials (RCT)s and meta-analyses; (3) targets, timing, and frequency of SMBG use; (4) incidence and role of SMBG in preventing hypoglycemia with single-drug regimens and combination regimens consisting of antihyperglycemic agents other than secretagogues and insulin; (5) comparison of SMBG with continuous glucose monitoring; (6) technological capabilities and limitations of SMBG; (7) barriers to appropriate use of SMBG; and (8) methods and end points for appropriate future clinical trials. The panel emphasized recent studies, which reflect the current approach for applying this intervention. Among the participants there was consensus that: SMBG is an established practice for patients with NIT T2DM, and to be most effective, it should be performed in a structured format where information obtained from this measurement is used to guide treatment; New, high-quality efficacy data from RCTs have demonstrated efficacy of SMBG in NIT T2DM in trials reported since 2008; Both patients and health care professionals require education on how to respond to the data for SMBG to be effective; and Additional well-defined studies are needed to assess the benefits and costs of SMBG with end points not limited to hemoglobin A1c.
The Broad-Spectrum Tospovirus Resistance Gene Sw-5 of Tomato Is a Homolog of the Root-Knot Nematode Resistance Gene Mi (2000)

We used a positional cloning approach to isolate the Sw-5 disease resistance locus of tomato. Complementation experiments with overlapping cosmid clones enabled us to demonstrate that Sw-5 is a single gene locus capable of recognizing several tospovirus isolates and species. Analysis of the predicted Sw-5 protein suggests that it is a cytoplasmic protein, with a potential nucleotide binding site (NBS) domain and a C-terminal end consisting of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Based on its structural features, Sw-5 belongs to the class of NBS-LRR resistance genes that includes the tomato Mi, 12, and Prf genes; the Arabidopsis RPM1 gene; and the plant potato virus X resistance gene Rx. The overall similarity between the Sw-5 and Mi proteins of tomato suggests that a shared or comparable signal transduction pathway leads to both virus and nematode resistance in tomato. The similarity also supports the hypothesis that Sw-5 provides resistance via a hypersensitive response. Sw-5 is a member of a loosely clustered gene family in the telomeric region of chromosome 9. Members of this family map to other regions of chromosome 9 and also to chromosome 12, where several fungal, virus, and nematode genes have been mapped, suggesting that paralogs of Sw-5 may have evolved to provide different resistance specificities.
Surface and Intrinsic Conduction Properties of Au-Catalyzed Si Nanowires (2012)

An original atomic force microscopy (AFM) method is used to probe surface conduction properties of Au-catalyzed (111) oriented Si nanowires (NWs) attached on the substrate on which they were grown. Drastically different transport regimes are observed upon tuning the electronic junction between the AFM tip and NW (AFM tip work function and NW surface states) and temperature, which reveal the interplay between Schottky interface junctions, Au-mediated surface conduction along the NW sidewalls, and conduction through NWs. The method is applied to extract the intrinsic resistance of nominally undoped NWs when removed from surface Au catalyst residues, and provides evidence for transport through Si NWs with effective residual doping as low as ≈1014–1015 cm–3.
Light Out-Coupling for Reflective Displays: Simple Geometrical Model, MATLAB Simulation, and Experimental Validation (2011)

Light out-coupling efficiency is a common issue for light emissive displays and devices, but is rarely discussed for reflective displays (e-Paper). The latest generation of reflective displays include light scattering particles and reflectance that is close to Lambertian (paper-like). However, this light scattering inside a reflective pixel can lead to total-internal reflection and additional light loss. This paper provides both a simple geometrical and a more detailed MATLAB simulation for calculating light out-coupling. Both approaches were found to agree with experimental results that reveal 5%-20% optical loss due to inefficient out-coupling. These out-coupling models improve the accuracy of predicting optical performance in reflective displays.
Preclinical Characterization and Human Microdose Pharmacokinetics of ITMN-8187, a Nonmacrocyclic Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease (2016)

The current paradigm for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection involves combinations of agents that act directly on steps of the HCV life cycle. Here we report the preclinical characteristics of ITMN-8187, a nonmacrocyclic inhibitor of the NS3/4A HCV protease. X-ray crystallographic studies of ITMN-8187 and simeprevir binding to NS3/4A protease demonstrated good agreement between structures. Low nanomolar biochemical potency was maintained against NS3/4A derived from HCV genotypes 1, 2b, 4, 5, and 6. In cell-based potency assays, half-maximal reduction of genotype 1a and 1b HCV replicon RNA was afforded by 11 and 4 nM doses of ITMN-8187, respectively. Combinations of ITMN-8187 with other directly acting antiviral agents in vitro displayed additive antiviral efficacy. A 30-mg/kg of body weight dose of ITMN-8187 administered for 4 days yielded significant viral load reductions through day 5 in a chimeric mouse model of HCV. A 3-mg/kg oral dose administered to rats, dogs, or monkeys yielded concentrations in plasma 16 h after dosing that exceeded the half-maximal effective concentration of ITMN-8187. Human microdose pharmacokinetics showed low intersubject variability and prolonged oral absorption with first-order elimination kinetics compatible with once-daily dosing. These preclinical characteristics compare favorably with those of other NS3/4A inhibitors approved for the treatment of chronic HCV infection.
Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin): A potential cancer chemopreventive agent through suppression of Sp1 in oral squamous cancer cells (2014)

Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin), a coumarin compound, is known to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in several types of human cancer cells and is regarded as a promising chemotherapeutic agent. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of esculetin on two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, HN22 and HSC4, through regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). We examined the apoptotic effects of esculetin were measured by MTS assay, DAPI staining, Annexin V, PI staining, RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in HN22 and HSC4 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that esculetin had anti-proliferative effect on the growth of OSCC cells (HN22 and HSC4) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The treatment of HN22 and HSC4 cells with esculetin led to a significant reduction in growth and induced apoptosis, followed by the regulation of Sp1 and Sp1 regulatory protein. This indicates that esculetin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis by suppressing Sp1 in HN22 and HSC4 cells, suggesting it to be a potent anticancer drug candidate for oral cancer.
640 Gb/s All-Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing Based on Pump Depletion in a PPLN waveguide (2010)

All-optical time-domain add/drop scheme based on pump depletion effect in a PPLN waveguide is demonstrated at 640 Gb/s. Less than 2 dB power penalty is achieved for dropped, survived and added channels.
Joint region and nucleus segmentation for characterization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer (2019)

Histologic assessment of stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) as a surrogate of the host immune response has been shown to be prognostic and potentially chemo-predictive in triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers. The current practice of manual assessment is prone to intra- and inter-observer variability. Furthermore, the inter-play of sTILs, tumor cells, other microenvironment mediators, their spatial relationships, quantity, and other image-based features have yet to be determined exhaustively and systemically. Towards analysis of these aspects, we developed a deep learning based method for joint region-level and nucleus-level segmentation and classification of breast cancer H&E tissue whole slide images. Our proposed method simultaneously identifies tumor, fibroblast, and lymphocyte nuclei, along with key histologic region compartments including tumor and stroma. We also show how the resultant segmentation masks can be combined with seeding approaches to yield accurate nucleus classifications. Furthermore, we outline a simple workflow for calibrating computational scores to human scores for consistency. The pipeline identifies key compartments with high accuracy (Dice= overall: 0.78, tumor: 0.83, and fibroblasts: 0.77). ROC AUC for nucleus classification is high at 0.89 (micro-average), 0.89 (lymphocytes), 0.90 (tumor), and 0.78 (fibroblasts). Spearman correlation between computational sTIL and pathologist consensus is high (R=0.73, p<0.001) and is higher than inter-pathologist correlation (R=0.66, p<0.001). Both manual and computational sTIL scores successfully stratify patients by clinical progression outcomes.
Target architectures in the CATHEDRAL synthesis systems: objectives and impact (2003)

The rapidly increasing complexity of DSP (digital signal processing) applications and the need for short design times in the consumer and telecommunication fields necessitate the use of CAD tools supporting high-level architectural synthesis in these domains. In addition, sufficient efficiency is crucial for competitive real-life systems. It is the authors' belief that these objectives can only be accomplished in an acceptable way by abandoning the ideal of total generality, i.e. by adopting several architectural target styles each tuned to specific (but still relatively broad) application domains. At IMEC, five such styles have been defined. Their impact on the algorithmic and rule-based synthesis tools that are under development is discussed. Both the similarities and the differences among the five approaches are addressed. The use of powerful, diversified mechanisms of user interaction is advocated at all the stages in the design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Large Scale and Low Power Photonic Circuits (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. R. Watts, "Large Scale and Low Power Photonic Circuits," in Frontiers in Optics 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper FM3A.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Get Video Citation alert Save article
Bioinspired Surface Treatments for Improved Decontamination: Silicate-Based Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) (2017)

Abstract : This effort evaluates bioinspired coatings for use in a top-coat type application to identify those technologies that may improve decontamination capabilities for painted surfaces. This report details results for evaluation of a slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) based on a porous organosilicate layer. Retention of the simulants paraoxon, methyl salicylate, dimethyl methylphosphate, and diisopropyl fluorophosphates following treatment of contaminated surfaces with a soapy water solution is reported. Wetting behaviors and target droplet diffusion on the surfaces are also discussed.