gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of apoptosis‐related genes in an Ethiopian cohort study correlates with tuberculosis clinical status (2009)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the world's deadliest pathogens in part because of its ability to persist in the face of an active immune response. It has been suggested that apoptosis of infected macrophages is one way in which the host deals with intracellular pathogens and that M. tuberculosis can inhibit this process. To assess the relevance of this process for human disease, we compared the expression of multiple genes involved in the activation of the extrinsic ("death receptor initiated") pathway of apoptosis in 29 tuberculosis patients, 70 tuberculosis contacts and 27 community controls from Ethiopia. We found that there is a strong upregulation of genes for factors that promote apoptosis in PBMC from individuals with active disease, including TNF-alpha and its receptors, Fas and FasL and pro-Caspase 8. The anti-apoptotic factor FLIP, however, was also upregulated. A possible explanation for this dichotomy was given by fractionation of PBMC using CD14, which suggests that macrophage/monocytes may regulate several key molecules differently from non-monocytic cells (especially TNF-alpha and its receptors, a finding confirmed by protein ELISA) potentially reducing the sensitivity to apoptotic death of monocyte/macrophages--the primary host cell for M. tuberculosis. This may represent an important survival strategy for the pathogen.
Single-beat Estimation of Ventricular End-systolic Elastance–Effective Arterial Elastance as an Index of Ventricular Mechanoenergetic Performance (2000)

The proposed framework is capable of estimating Ees/Ea from ventricular and aortic pressure.
Electrospun Particle/Polymer Fiber Electrodes with a Neat Nafion Binder for Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells (2019)

Electrospun Particle/Polymer Fiber Electrodes with a Neat Nafion Binder for Hydrogen/Air Fuel Cells, Waldrop, Krysta, Slack, John, Gumeci, Cenk, Dale, Nilesh, Reeves, Kimberly Shawn, Cullen, David A., More, Karren L., Pintauro, Peter N.
Cytokine-based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease (1999)

Cytokine-based therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has significantly advanced in the last year. This review highlights some of the exciting progress that has occurred. The efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody therapy in Crohn's disease has promoted further research and the development of other anti-TNF therapies, such as thalidomide, phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitors, and new-generation anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. Current research is also focused on more proximal events in the inflammatory cascade to modify T-cell regulation and to decrease the production and activity of proinflammatory proteins, cytokines, and nuclear regulatory factors. Concurrently, the emerging role of interleukin (IL)-11, IL-12, and IL-18 in the perpetuation of chronic inflammation continues to stimulate much interest. All of these new advancements reveal an exciting future for IBD therapy.
Fishing Welkerʼs Canyon (2012)

FigureThe “Imagery” section of Spine is devoted to the artistic and imaginative qualities of our readers. Spine invites you to submit your drawings, illustrations, or photographs, along with appropriate explanatory information, for consideration of publication within this section. Please forward electronic images via e-mail to: [email protected].
The Discovery of Ezetimibe: A View from Outside the Receptor (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Deep Neural Network Assisted Iterative Reconstruction Method for Low\n Dose CT (2019)

Low Dose Computed Tomography suffers from a high amount of noise and/or\nundersampling artefacts in the reconstructed image. In the current article, a\nDeep Learning technique is exploited as a regularization term for the iterative\nreconstruction method SIRT. While SIRT minimizes the error in the sinogram\nspace, the proposed regularization model additionally steers intermediate SIRT\nreconstructions towards the desired output. Extensive evaluations demonstrate\nthe superior outcomes of the proposed method compared to the state of the art\ntechniques. Comparing the forward projection of the reconstructed image with\nthe original signal shows a higher fidelity to the sinogram space for the\ncurrent approach amongst other learning based methods.\n
Aerobic Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Electronegative Vanadyl Salen Complexes (1997)

Vanadyl salen complexes bearing electron-withdrawing substituents have been prepared and characterized. Systematic substitutions on the ancillary ligand have allowed V(5+)/V(4+) reduction potentials to be tuned over a range of approximately 500 mV. The complexes are catalysts for the aerobic epoxidation of cyclohexene; catalytic activity roughly increases with increasing V(5+)/V(4+) reduction potential. The mechanism likely involves oxygen transfer from intermediate hydroperoxides that are formed by radical-chain autoxidation.
Effect of post-GBE strain-sensitisation on corrosion resistance of grain boundary engineered 304 austenitic stainless steel (2013)

Control of grain boundary microstructure for grain boundary engineering (GBE) is effective to prevent intergranular corrosion by disconnection of corrosive random boundary network resulting from the introduction of coincidence site lattice boundaries during the frequent formation of annealing twins in bulk austenitic stainless steels. Since the practical use of austenitic stainless steels often includes straining and heating processes, such as forming, annealing and welding, the processes after the GBE treatment could degrade the optimised grain boundary microstructure and the high corrosion resistance of grain boundary engineered (GBEed) austenitic stainless steels. Therefore the present study examined the effects of post-GBE strain-sensitisation on grain boundary microstructure and corrosion resistance of a GBEed 304 austenitic stainless steel produced by a single-step thermomechanical processing for GBE. The results showed that the grain boundary microstructure was changed apparently and the corrosion resistance gradually decreased in the GBEed steel with an increase in post-GBE strain followed by sensitisation, but the GBEed steel maintained significantly higher corrosion resistance during the post-GBE strain-sensitisation than the equivalently strain-sensitised base steel.
Rationale and Design of the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) Study. Sarcoidosis Protocol (2015)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation with tremendous clinical heterogeneity and uncertain pathobiology and lacking in clinically useful biomarkers. The Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) study is an observational cohort study designed to explore the role of the lung microbiome and genome in these two diseases. This article describes the design and rationale for the GRADS study sarcoidosis protocol. The study addresses the hypothesis that distinct patterns in the lung microbiome are characteristic of sarcoidosis phenotypes and are reflected in changes in systemic inflammatory responses as measured by peripheral blood changes in gene transcription. The goal is to enroll 400 participants, with a minimum of 35 in each of 9 clinical phenotype subgroups prioritized by their clinical relevance to understanding of the pathobiology and clinical heterogeneity of sarcoidosis. Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis undergo a baseline visit with self-administered questionnaires, chest computed tomography, pulmonary function tests, and blood and urine testing. A research or clinical bronchoscopy with a research bronchoalveolar lavage will be performed to obtain samples for genomic and microbiome analyses. Comparisons will be made by blood genomic analysis and with clinical phenotypic variables. A 6-month follow-up visit is planned to assess each participant's clinical course. By the use of an integrative approach to the analysis of the microbiome and genome in selected clinical phenotypes, the GRADS study is powerfully positioned to inform and direct studies on the pathobiology of sarcoidosis, identify diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and provide novel molecular phenotypes that could lead to improved personalized approaches to therapy for sarcoidosis.
Del departamento a la nación: política pública e infraestructura de transportes (Borrador de administración No. 26) (2009)

Para estudiar este proceso, el capitulo se ha dividido en tres secciones. En la primera, se evaluara el impacto de la crisis de los treinta sobre la estabilidad economica y operativa del Ferrocarril de Antioquia; en la segunda se analizara el proceso mediante el cual se realizo la transferencia de la propiedad de la linea a la Nacion; finalmente, en la tercera seccion, se examinara el proceso mediante el cual la linea se integro finalmente a la red nacional.
Performance metrics for the objective assessment of capacitive deionization systems (2018)

In the growing field of capacitive deionization (CDI), a number of performance metrics have emerged to describe the desalination process. Unfortunately, the separation conditions under which these metrics are measured are often not specified, resulting in optimal performance at minimal removal. Here we outline a system of performance metrics and reporting conditions that resolves this issue. Our proposed system is based on volumetric energy consumption (Wh/m<sup>3</sup>) and throughput productivity (L/h/m<sup>2</sup>) reported for a specific average concentration reduction, water recovery, and feed salinity. To facilitate and rationalize comparisons between devices, materials, and operation modes, we propose a nominal standard separation of removing 5 mM from a 20 mM NaCl feed solution at 50% water recovery. We propose this particular separation as a standard, but emphasize that the rationale presented here applies irrespective of separation details. Using our proposed separation, we compare the desalination performance of a flow-through electrode (fte-CDI) cell and a flow between membrane (fb-MCDI) device, showing how significantly different systems can be compared in terms of generally desirable desalination characteristics. In general, we find that performance analysis must be considered carefully so to not allow for ambiguous separation conditions or the maximization of one metric at the expense of another. Additionally, for context and clarity, we discuss a number of important underlying performance indicators and cell characteristics that are not performance measures in and of themselves but can be examined to better understand differences in performance.
Allowing Software Developers to Debug HLS Hardware (2015)

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is emerging as a mainstream design methodology, allowing software designers to enjoy the benefits of a hardware implementation. Significant work has led to effective compilers that produce high-quality hardware designs from software specifications. However, in order to fully benefit from the promise of HLS, a complete ecosystem that provides the ability to analyze, debug, and optimize designs is essential. This ecosystem has to be accessible to software designers. This is challenging, since software developers view their designs very differently than how they are physically implemented on-chip. Rather than individual sequential lines of code, the implementation consists of gates operating in parallel across multiple clock cycles. In this paper, we report on our efforts to create an ecosystem that allows software designers to debug HLS-generated circuits in a familiar manner. We have implemented our ideas in a debug framework that will be included in the next release of the popular LegUp high-level synthesis tool.
Studies of Naphthalene Diimides as DNA-binding Agents (1997)

In this work we have focused on the synthesis of new derivatives of naphthalene diimides that bind to DNA by a threading intercalation mode. The advantage of having a threading intercalator as a "carrier" part of the drug is that it brings additional recognition pattern into the system by directing substituents into the opposite grooves of DNA. This allows the possibility of selectively varying substituents to develop medicinal agents as well as probes for large-amplitude DNA dynamics. A systematic set of naphthalene diimides, with side chains of increasing size, have been synthesized. Their physical properties as well as DNA interaction kinetics were studied to probe the factors which determine the rates of association and dissociation of DNA binding. We have used intercalators with large and rigid substituents to probe the opening of an intercalation site with disruption of an adjacent base pair.
Protoberberine alkaloids from the bark of Enantia chlorantha (1990)

Four protoberberine alkaloids, palmatine ( Ia ), jatrorrhizine ( Ib ), columbamine ( Ic ) and pseudocolumbamine ( Id ), were isolated from the bark of Enantia chlorantha and characterized. The corresponding acetylated tetrahydro derivatives ( IIa-IId ) were also identified.
Manufacturing Processes for Card Bodies (2002)

In Chapter Three, the different manufacturing processes for card bodies in mass production are outlined. Lamination technology and injection moulding are covered and the peculiarities of plastic during the production process are discussed. A brief introduction to the concept of disposable, paper smart card is given.
3.3 - A miniaturized MID-IR-Spectrometer based on a linear variable filter and pyroelectric line array – Monitoring oil condition (2013)

Miniaturized mid-IR spectrometers have an enormous potential to solve a plurality of different measurement problems. IR-Spectroscopy can be used for qualitative and quantitative measurements of chemical compounds and their concentrations in solid, gaseous and fluid phase. Building the IRspectrometer small, cost effective and robust without any moving parts enables an online or even inline measurement in process monitoring, health monitoring or quality control tasks.
An empirical model for accurate estimation of routing delay in FPGAs (1995)

We present an empirical routing delay model for estimating interconnection delays in FPGAs. We assume that the routing delay is a function of interPLC distances, circuit size, fanout of the net and routing congestion in the channel. We performed extensive simulations of various circuits to generate a sufficiently large dataset. Our method estimates delays by reading the average value tables and interpolating the values, if necessary. We present a rigorous statistical justification of this delay model. Our results show that our method predicts the delays within 20% of actual and it far outperforms all other existing techniques.
Sensitization in transplantation: Assessment of risk (STAR) 2019 Working Group Meeting Report (2020)

The purpose of the STAR 2019 Working Group was to build on findings from the initial STAR report to further clarify the expectations, limitations, perceptions, and utility of alloimmune assays that are currently in use or in development for risk assessment in the setting of organ transplantation. The goal was to determine the precision and clinical feasibility/utility of such assays in evaluating both memory and primary alloimmune risks. The process included a critical review of biologically driven, state-of-the-art, clinical diagnostics literature by experts in the field and an open public forum in a face-to-face meeting to promote broader engagement of the American Society of Transplantation and American Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics membership. This report summarizes the literature review and the workshop discussions. Specifically, it highlights (1) available assays to evaluate the attributes of HLA antibodies and their utility both as clinical diagnostics and as research tools to evaluate the effector mechanisms driving rejection; (2) potential assays to assess the presence of alloimmune T and B cell memory; and (3) progress in the development of HLA molecular mismatch computational scores as a potential prognostic biomarker for primary alloimmunity and its application in research trial design.
ChemInform Abstract: CHELETROPIC (SIGMA)2(S)+(SIGMA)2(S)+(SIGMA)2(S) EJECTION OF NITROGEN FROM 9,10‐DIAZASNOUTENES AS A ROUTE TO MONOFUNCTIONALIZED SEMIBULLVALENES, GROUND STATE SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON EQUILIBRIUM DISPLACEMENTS (1975)

Abstract Die Hydrolyse der Diazasnoutanderivate (I) ergibt nach anschließender Oxidation (MnO, oder Luft) ein Gemisch der Semibullvalene (II) und (III).
Polarization-dependent interference of coherent scattering from orthogonal dipole moments of a resonantly excited quantum dot (2017)

Resonant photoluminescence excitation (RPLE) spectra of a neutral InGaAs quantum dot show unconventional line shapes that depend on the detection polarization. We characterize this phenomenon by performing polarization-dependent RPLE measurements and simulating the measured spectra with a three-level quantum model. The spectra are explained by interference between fields coherently scattered from the two fine structure split exciton states, and the measurements enable extraction of the steady-state coherence between the two exciton states.
Glenohumeral motion: review of measurement techniques (2007)

Measurement of upper limb motion is problematic, not least because of the large range of path dependent description of motion of the joints, and the multiple non-cyclical unstandardised motion tasks measured. Furthermore, appreciation of shoulder motion specifically is obscured by overlying soft tissue. In order to satisfy the complexity of a clinically useful model of the movement of the joint, input data must be acquired from a set of pre-determined movements using a non-invasive technique with a high level of accuracy. Descriptive and predictive modeling of the glenohumeral joint requires input of high-fidelity data into a 6 degree of freedom representation, without which, the application of the tool is of limited clinical significance to the advancement of both operative and non-operative management of shoulder pathology. Electromagnetic, linkage and radiographic techniques have previously been used, however, an optimal solution is yet to be described.
Mouse B Cell Lineage Neoplasms: Comparative Analyses of Gene Expression Using High Throughput Real Time RT-PCR and Oligonucleotide Microarrays. (2006)

Abstract Gene expression profiling of human and mouse B cell lineage neoplasms using microarrays has provided a powerful means for:identification of previously unrecognized subsets of a single histologically-defined disease category;relating a specific disease to a previously unrecognized cell of origin; andestablishing disease subsets defined by characteristic host-tumor interactions. Other anticipated returns including the rapid identification of new therapeutic targets have fallen short of expectations. In addition, discrepancies among results obtained using different platforms pose a major obstacle to bringing this approach into common clinical practice. Quantitation of gene expression by qPCR provides an attractive alternative approach but has been limited by the lack of high-throughput methodologies. We have approached this issue by developing qPCR methods that assay 384 “cancer genes” in a single plate, covering a wide range of targets from pathways implicated in the development of hematopoietic as well as solid tumors. We used this system to compare RNA prepared from normal spleens, mouse PCT and two lymphoma types with strikingly similar cytologies but differing origins - high-grade splenic marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) and centroblastic DLBCL (CBL). Terminally differentiated PCT were readily distinguished from MZL and CBL and MZL from CBL. Statistical analyses identified subsets of genes that distinguished each normal or tumor set from all the others and these are being validated against new groups of each tumor type. The same initial cases were also evaluated using oligonucleotide microarrays, providing instructive similarities and differences in measures of shared genes. From these comparisons, we have identified potentially important signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt and IL6, as well as drugable targets. These are being evaluated in studies of cultured cell lines and can be extended to in vivo tests of efficacy in mice bearing transplanted or primary tumors.
Specific mutations in H5N1 mainly impact the magnitude and velocity of the host response in mice (2013)

We have demonstrated the importance of the kinetics of the host response to H5N1 pathogenesis and its relationship with clinical disease severity and virus replication. These kinetic properties imply that time-matched comparisons of 'omics profiles to viral infections give limited views to differentiate host-responses. Moreover, these results demonstrate that a fast activation of the host-response at the earliest time points post-infection is critical for protective mechanisms against fast replicating viruses.
β2-Microglobulin Is a Signaling and Growth-Promoting Factor for Human Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis (2006)

The protein factor beta2-microglobulin (beta2M), purified from the conditioned medium of human prostate cancer cell lines, stimulated growth and enhanced osteocalcin (OC) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression in human prostate cancer cells by activating a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway. When beta2M was overexpressed in prostate cancer cells, it induced explosive tumor growth in mouse bone through increased phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and activated CREB target gene expression, including OC, BSP, cyclin A, cyclin D1, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Interrupting the beta2M downstream signaling pathway by injection of the beta2M small interfering RNA liposome complex produced an effective regression of previously established prostate tumors in mouse bone through increased apoptosis as shown by immunohistochemistry and activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. These results suggest that beta2M signaling is an attractive new therapeutic target for the treatment of lethal prostate cancer bone metastasis.
Synthesis and Structural Properties of LiCoPO4 Cathode Material (2007)

Abstract not Available.
MEG measured delta waves increase in adolescents after concussion (2022)

We demonstrate that a single concussion during the season in adolescent subjects can increase MEG measured delta frequency power at their postseason scan. This adds to the growing body of literature indicating increased delta power following a concussion.
A deterministic broad-band polarization-dependent loss compensator (2005)

Polar decomposition of the transmission matrix allows lumped polarization-dependent loss (PDL) followed by lumped polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation at the receiver's end. Thus, we propose in this paper, the architecture of a broad-band PDL compensator in a feed-forward compensation scheme. This module consists of three stages. Stage 1 and 2 are the frequency-dependent polarization rotators that align all the different PDL vectors into the {1,0,0} direction in Stokes space. Stage 3 eliminates both the PDL magnitude and the frequency dependence in the isotropic attenuation by introducing different frequency-dependent variable attenuation to the linear horizontal and vertical polarizations. By applying the known Mueller transformations of the PDL compensator to the monitored polarimetric data, we show that the composite PMD spectrum can be deduced for subsequent broad-band PMD compensation.