gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T cell-derived IL-3 induces the production of IL-4 by non-B, non-T cells to amplify the Th2-cytokine response to a non-parasite antigen in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice (1996)

We describe a novel amplification mechanism underlying the increased early IL-4 production observed in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice in response to a non-parasite Ag, sperm whale myoglobin (SwMb). Earlier studies have shown that splenic Fc epsilon R+ non-B, non-T (NBNT) cells from schistosome-infected mice secrete IL-4 after stimulation with parasite Ag. We now demonstrate that purified NBNT cells from SwMb-immunized S. mansoni-infected mice do not respond directly to SwMb, but produce IL-4 in response to IL-3. Accordingly, we show that the early SwMb-specific IL-4 response of spleen cells (SC) from immunized infected mice is dependent on IL-3 and on CD4+ T cells. Thus, most of the early SwMb-induced IL-4 from SC of infected mice appears to be produced by NBNT cells triggered by IL-3 synthesized by SwMb-specific CD4+ T cells. IL-3-induced IL-4 production was also observed in purified NBNT cells from immunized uninfected mice, but the frequency and/or IL-4-producing capacity of splenic IL-3-responsive cells was found to be 8 to 16 times higher in immunized infected animals. IL-4 production by purified CD4+ cells from immunized infected mice was also seen after SwMb stimulation, but this response showed slower kinetics than those of total SC, was IL-3-independent, and on average threefold greater than that by CD4+ cells from immunized uninfected controls. Thus, increased SwMb-induced IL-4 production in immunized S. mansoni-infected mice results from direct synthesis by CD4+ T cells, as well as their stimulation via IL-3 of an expanded population of NBNT cells. The latter pathway may serve as an amplification loop for Th2-cytokine responses.
ATSC 3.0 LDM-based mobile performance under HPHT metropolitan environment (2016)

This paper presents field test result of an LDM-based mobile broadcasting system, and analyze the results based on reception power (or field strength) and erroneous second ratio (ESR).
Versatile genetic assembly system (VEGAS) to assemble pathways for expression inS. cerevisiae (2015)

We have developed a method for assembling genetic pathways for expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our pathway assembly method, called VEGAS (Versatile genetic assembly system), exploits the native capacity of S. cerevisiae to perform homologous recombination and efficiently join sequences with terminal homology. In the VEGAS workflow, terminal homology between adjacent pathway genes and the assembly vector is encoded by 'VEGAS adapter' (VA) sequences, which are orthogonal in sequence with respect to the yeast genome. Prior to pathway assembly by VEGAS in S. cerevisiae, each gene is assigned an appropriate pair of VAs and assembled using a previously described technique called yeast Golden Gate (yGG). Here we describe the application of yGG specifically to building transcription units for VEGAS assembly as well as the VEGAS methodology. We demonstrate the assembly of four-, five- and six-gene pathways by VEGAS to generate S. cerevisiae cells synthesizing β-carotene and violacein. Moreover, we demonstrate the capacity of yGG coupled to VEGAS for combinatorial assembly.
Structure prediction of subtilisin BPN' mutants using molecular dynamics methods (1993)

In this paper we describe the achievements and pitfalls encountered in doing structure predictions of protein mutants using molecular dynamics simulation techniques in which properties of atoms are slowly changed as a function of time. Basically the method consists of a thermodynamic integration (slow growth) calculation used for free energy determination, but aimed at structure prediction; this allows for a fast determination of the mutant structure. We compared the calculated structure of the mutants Met222Ala, Met222Phe and Met222Gln of subtilisin BPN' with the respective X-ray structures and found good agreement between predicted and X-ray structure. The conformation of the residue subject to the mutation is relatively easy to predict and is mainly determined by packing criteria. When the side chain has polar groups its exact orientation may pose problems; long-range Coulomb interactions may generate a polarization feedback involving system relaxation times beyond the simulation time. Changes induced in the environment are harder to predict using this method. In particular, rearrangement of the hydration structure was difficult to predict correctly, probably because of the long relaxation times. In all conversions made the changes observed in the environment were found to be history-dependent and in particular the hydrogen bonding patterns provided evidence for metastable substates. In all cases the structure predicted was compared with available kinetic data and the reduced activity could be explained in terms of changes in the configuration of the active site.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exhibit Hypercatabolic Activity in Response to Thermal Injury Correlating with Diminished MHC I Expression (2001)

This study demonstrates that various lymphoid populations undergo protein catabolic changes similar to those characteristically observed in skeletal muscle, and these correlated with diminished MHC I expression. Moreover, PBMNCs exhibited prolonged sensitivity to burn injury, of a duration exceeding that observed in skeletal muscles or other lymphoid tissues.
Second harmonic generation from photonic structured GaN nanowalls (2009)

We observed large enhancement of reflected second harmonic generation (SHG) using the one-dimensional photonic effect in regularly arranged InGaN/GaN single-quantum-well nanowalls. Using the effect when both fundamental and SH resonate with the photonic mode, we obtained enhancement of about 40 times compared with conditions far from resonance.
Ultrasound wave propagation in tissue and scattering from microbubbles for echo particle image velocimetry technique. (2004)

Nonlinear wave propagation in tissue can be employed for tissue harmonic imaging, ultrasound surgery, and more effective tissue ablation for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Wave propagation in soft tissue and scattering from microbubbles (ultrasound contrast agents) are modeled to improve detectability, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast harmonic imaging used for echo particle image velocimetry (Echo-PIV) technique. The wave motion in nonlinear material (tissue) is studied using KZK-type parabolic evolution equation. This model considers ultrasound beam diffraction, attenuation, and tissue nonlinearity. Time-domain numerical model is based on that originally developed by Lee and Hamilton [J. Acoust. Soc. Am 97:906-917 (1995)] for axi-symmetric acoustic field. The initial acoustic waveform emitted from the transducer is assumed to be a broadband wave modulated by Gaussian envelope. Scattering from microbubbles seeded in the blood stream is characterized. Hence, we compute the pressure field impinges the wall of a coated microbubble; the dynamics of oscillating microbubble can be modeled using Rayleigh-Plesset-type equation. Here, the continuity and the radial-momentum equation of encapsulated microbubbles are used to account for the lipid layer surrounding the microbubble. Numerical results show the effects of tissue and microbubble nonlinearities on the propagating pressure wave field. These nonlinearities have a strong influence on the waveform distortion and harmonic generation of the propagating and scattering waves. Results also show that microbubbles have stronger nonlinearity than tissue, and thus improves S/N ratio. These theoretical predictions of wave phenomena provide further understanding of biomedical imaging technique and provide better system design.
P477Myeloid PHD-2 deficiency leads to enlarged and fibrotic atherosclerotic plaques in mice (2014)

Purpose: Macrophage specific knockout of PHD-2 prolylhydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD-2-/-), the crucial cellular oxygen sensor, increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in mice. As macrophages and angiogenesis are known to enhance progression of atherosclerotic plaques, we hypothesized that macrophage PHD-2-/-would increase plaque size and progression. Methods: LysMCre-low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) (control, n = 18) and lysMCre PHD-2fl/fl LDLR-/-mice (PHD-2-/-, n = 18) mice were fed a high cholesterol diet (0.25%) for 12 weeks to analyze atherosclerosis, MAC3+ macrophage content and CD31+ microvessel density in the aortic root. Collagen content was quantified using polarized light microscopy of sirius red stained plaques.
MicroRNA-192 in diabetic kidney glomeruli and its function in TGF-β-induced collagen expression via inhibition of E-box repressors (2007)

Key features of diabetic nephropathy (DN) include the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen 1-alpha 1 and -2 (Col1a1 and -2). Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta), a key regulator of these extracellular matrix genes, is increased in mesangial cells (MC) in DN. By microarray profiling, we noted that TGF-beta increased Col1a2 mRNA in mouse MC (MMC) but also decreased mRNA levels of an E-box repressor, deltaEF1. TGF-beta treatment or short hairpin RNAs targeting deltaEF1 increased enhancer activity of upstream E-box elements in the Col1a2 gene. TGF-beta also decreased the expression of Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1), another E-box repressor similar to deltaEF1. Interestingly, we noted that SIP1 is a target of microRNA-192 (miR-192), a key miR highly expressed in the kidney. miR-192 levels also were increased by TGF-beta in MMC. TGF-beta treatment or transfection with miR-192 decreased endogenous SIP1 expression as well as reporter activity of a SIP1 3' UTR-containing luciferase construct in MMC. Conversely, a miR-192 inhibitor enhanced the luciferase activity, confirming SIP1 to be a miR-192 target. Furthermore, miR-192 synergized with deltaEF1 short hairpin RNAs to increase Col1a2 E-box-luc activity. Importantly, the in vivo relevance was noted by the observation that miR-192 levels were enhanced significantly in glomeruli isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic mice as well as diabetic db/db mice relative to corresponding nondiabetic controls, in parallel with increased TGF-beta and Col1a2 levels. These results uncover a role for miRs in the kidney and DN in controlling TGF-beta-induced Col1a2 expression by down-regulating E-box repressors.
Molecular Characterization of the Glycerol-Oxidative Pathway of Clostridium butyricum VPI 1718 (2011)

The glycerol oxidative pathway of Clostridium butyricum VPI 1718 plays an important role in glycerol dissimilation. We isolated, sequenced, and characterized the region coding for the glycerol oxidation pathway. Five open reading frames (ORFs) were identified: dhaR, encoding a putative transcriptional regulator; dhaD (1,142 bp), encoding a glycerol dehydrogenase; and dhaK (995 bp), dhaL (629 bp), and dhaM (386 bp), encoding a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent dihydroxyacetone (DHA) kinase enzyme complex. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the last four genes are transcribed as a 3.2-kb polycistronic operon only in glycerol-metabolizing cultures, indicating that the expression of this operon is regulated at the transcriptional level. The transcriptional start site of the operon was determined by primer extension, and the promoter region was deduced. The glycerol dehydrogenase activity of DhaD and the PEP-dependent DHA kinase activity of DhaKLM were demonstrated by heterologous expression in different Escherichia coli mutants. Based on our complementation experiments, we proposed that the HPr phosphoryl carrier protein and His9 residue of the DhaM subunit are involved in the phosphoryl transfer to dihydroxyacetone-phosphate. DhaR, a potential regulator of this operon, was found to contain conserved transmitter and receiver domains that are characteristic of two-component systems present in the AraC family. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of a glycerol oxidation pathway in a Gram-positive bacterium.
Expression of an antisense transforming growth factor-beta1 transgene reduces tumorigenicity of EMT6 mammary tumor cells. (1997)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine produced by many tumor cells. Secretion of TGF-beta by malignant cells may therefore be a mechanism by which tumor cells escape destruction by tumor-specific T lymphocytes. In order to evaluate the role of tumor-derived TGF-beta on tumor progression, we have inhibited the production of this cytokine by introducing a gene encoding antisense TGF-beta1 into the EMT6 murine mammary tumor cell line using a retroviral vector (Las-TGF-beta1SN). EMT6 cells transduced with this vector (EMT6as-TGF-beta1) stably expressed the antisense gene and secreted 52% less TGF-beta than did tumor cells transduced with the backbone vector alone. Supernatant fluid recovered from tumor cells expressing the antisense TGF-beta1 gene also exhibited a decreased capacity to inhibit alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in vitro. Furthermore, tumor growth in mice injected with EMT6as-TGF-beta1 tumor cells was inhibited compared to mice injected with control tumor cells. These results demonstrate that expression of antisense TGF-beta1 by transduced EMT6 cells decreases their tumorigenicity and suggest that this approach of eliminating immune suppression is a potentially useful strategy to enhance antitumor responses.
High‐resolution 1H chemical shift imaging in the monkey visual cortex (2005)

Functionally distinct anatomic subdivisions of the brain can often be only a few millimeters in one or more dimensions. The study of metabolic differences in such structures by means of localized in vivo MR spectroscopy is therefore challenging, if not impossible. In fact, the spatial resolution of chemical shift imaging (CSI) in humans is typically in the range of centimeters. The aim of the present study was to optimize (1)H CSI in monkeys and demonstrate the feasibility of high spatial resolutions up to 1.4 x 2 x 1.4 mm(3). The obtained spatial resolution permitted the segregation of gray and white matter in the visual cortex based on the concentration of different metabolites and neurotransmitters like N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and creatine. Concentration ratios of white matter versus gray matter tissue as well as between metabolites matched those reported in the literature from healthy human brain, demonstrating the consistency and reliability of the procedure.
An implant for long-term cervical vagus nerve stimulation in mice (2020)

Abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy with the potential to treat a wide range of chronic conditions in which inflammation is implicated, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and heart failure. Many of these diseases have well-established mouse models but due to the significant surgical and engineering challenges that accompany a reliable interface for long-term VNS in mice, the therapeutic implications of this bioelectronic approach remain unexplored. Here, we describe a long-term VNS implant in mice, developed at 3 research laboratories and validated for between-lab reproducibility. Implant functionality was evaluated over 3-8 weeks in 81 anesthetized or conscious mice by determining the stimulus intensity required to elicit a change in heart rate (heart rate threshold, HRT). HRT was also used as a method to standardize stimulation dosing across animals. Overall, 60-90% of implants produced stimulus-evoked physiological responses for at least 4 weeks, with HRT values stabilizing after the second week of implantation. Furthermore, stimulation delivered through 6-week-old implants decreased TNF levels in a subset of mice with acute inflammation caused by endotoxemia. Histological examination of 4- to 6-week-old implants revealed fibrotic encapsulation and no gross fiber loss. This implantation and dosing approach provide a tool to systematically investigate the therapeutic potential of long-term VNS in chronic diseases modeled in the mouse, the most widely used vertebrate species in biomedical research.
Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Absorption in Three Series of Similar Cyanine Dyes: D-π-D, A-π-A and D-π-A (2009)

We report the linear and nonlinear spectra of three series of cyanine dyes (donor-π-acceptor, acceptor-π-acceptor, and donor-π-donor) including effects of conjugation length and terminal groups. Two-photon-absorption up to 16,000 GM is observed in acceptor-π-acceptor structures.
Operative and Patient Care Techniques for Posterior Mini-incision Total Hip Arthroplasty (2005)

Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Heuristic scheduling for efficient underwater communications with limited feedback capabilities (2014)

In this work, we propose and analyze the performance of a scheduler that guarantees to deliver a prescribed number of packets by a given deadline, while minimizing the number of transmission attempts. Channel State Information (CSI) is sent intermittently when considered useful and therefore it can become outdated in some slots. The underwater channel is modeled as a time-varying correlated fading channel, represented by a Markov chain. The performance is evaluated through numerical simulations and results show that the scheduler derived here outperforms those presented in the literature.
Simplified millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber system using optical heterodyning of low-cost independent light sources and RF homodyning at the receiver (2009)

A simplified, cost-effective millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber system is proposed by heterodyning two independent low-cost light-sources and RF homodyning at the receiver that suppresses phase-noise effects. Proposed system avoids phase/frequency locking, high-speed modulators and local oscillators/mixers in CO and BSs.
Complexes of rhodium(II) carboxylates with adenosine 5'-mono-, 5'-di-, and 5'-triphosphates (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexes of rhodium(II) carboxylates with adenosine 5'-mono-, 5'-di-, and 5'-triphosphatesL. Rainen, R. A. Howard, A. P. Kimball, and J. L. BearCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 11, 2752–2754Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50153a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50153a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On performance limits of MIMO-OFDM systems over block-fading channels (2004)

We investigate the effect of system parameters on performance limits of space-time-frequency coded OFDM systems over block-fading channels. For this purpose, we obtain a sphere packing lower bound on average word error probability of space-time-frequency codes. This bound not only determines the merit of codes in the sense of error performance, but it also provides a tool to explore the performance limits of system in terms of parameters such as number of antennas, coherence time, coherence bandwidth, delay constraint, system bandwidth, and number of channel taps. It is also shown how these parameters affect the mean and the variance of instantaneous channel capacity, the outage probability, and the maximum achievable diversity of the system.
High Throughput Synthesis of Peptides and Peptidomimetics (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
<title>Correlation of surface topography and coating damage with changes in the responsivity of silicon PIN photodiodes</title> (1991)

Laser-induced morphological damage initiated by single 10 ns, 1.06 micron Nd:YAG laser pulses was observed on three types of silicon PIN photodiodes. When the samples were irradiated at fluences above the melting threshold, the damage morphologies were observed to vary according to the type of coating and the fluence. Nomarski microscopy at 200X was used to analyze the laser-induced topography at the damage sites. The topography was characterized generally by ripples, ridges and boiling marks in order of increasing fluence. However, all test fluence levels remained below the threshold for electrical degradation and no increase in leakage current was detected. The detector responsivity at the damage sites was mapped by means of a probe laser. The sample was translated within its plane in order to obtain a series of raster scans across each damage site. A comparison of the topographical data and responsitivity data suggests that local variations in responsivity were correlated with laser-induced surface roughness and with the removal of the thin-films.
Extending MAS/TSA Technique for Conducting Environments to Enhance Underwater UXO Discrimination (2008)

The main objective of the paper is to demonstrate the applicability of the com- bined Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS) and thin skin depth approximation (TSA) (MAS/TSA) technique for underwater environment and to investigate mutual coupling between highly con- ducting and permeable metallic objects and their surrounding conductive medium in marine environments. The theoretical bases and numerical realization of the MAS/TSA technique for conducting medium is demonstrated. Namely, the numerical results are designed to for illus- trating the underlying physics of EMI scattering phenomena for metallic objects that are placed inside a conducting medium, and the interaction efiects between the object and it surrounding conducting medium are analyzed.
Quantitative Sustainable Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Balancing Economic, Engineering, and Life Cycle Environmental Impact Considerations in Process Selection (2011)

Quantitative Sustainable Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Balancing Economic, Engineering, and Life Cycle Environmental Impact Considerations in Process Selection Author(s)Jeremy S. GuestNancy G. LoveSpencer SnowlingCharles B. BottGlen T. DaiggerSteven J. SkerlosSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 3: AEESP Emerging ResearchDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:18L.84;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802639093Volume / Issue2011 / 18Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)84 - 84Copyright2011Word count20
Draft Genome Sequence of Exiguobacterium sp. Strain N5, Isolated from a Recreational Freshwater Kettle Lake in Ontario (2023)

<i>Exiguobacterium</i> spp. are facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli, reported to tolerate extreme environments. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of <i>Exiguobacterium</i> sp. strain N5, isolated from a recreational freshwater lake.
Caracterización bioquímica de la proteína Lp_2777, una glicosidasa de la familia GH1 de Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 (2017)

Poster presentado al IX Congreso CyTA-CESIA. celebrado en Madrid del 16 al 19 de mayo de 2017.