gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Chirality Transfer in Ionic Liquids through Ion‐Pairing Effects (2007)

Passing it on: Since every reaction at a prochiral ion must take place in close proximity to its counterion, it should be possible to transfer chiral information between the ions of an ionic liquid. Indeed, the hydrogenation of a prochiral, keto-functionalized cation was found to proceed in the presence of (R)-camphorsulfonate in up to 80 % ee (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604406_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Magnetic Resonance Colonography in the Detection of Colonic Neoplasm in High-Risk and Average-Risk Individuals (2004)

The performance of MRC when used in the detection of colonic neoplasm in average-risk individuals is unsatisfactory.
Superplasticity of nanostructured Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with equiaxed and lamellar initial microstructures processed by High-Pressure Torsion (2017)

Microstructural modifications of a biomedical Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy were accomplished via heat treatment in 3 different quenching mediums and then processed by High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) at room temperature. The microstructure of the as-received condition is composed of an equiaxed duplex (α+β) structure. After the heat treatment, a combination of primary α phase and lamellar structures was obtained with an increasing fraction of the martensitic lamellar with increasing cooling rate. After HPT processing, refinement of the microstructures was observed for N=5 revolutions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the sample quenched in liquid nitrogen confirmed the nanostructure with grain sizes below 100 nm and high density of lattice defects after HPT processing for N=5 revolutions. High-temperature tensile tests were carried out at 800 °C with an initial strain rate of 2×10−3 s−1 on specimens with different combinations of heat treatment and HPT straining. The test in the as-received condition presented a maximum elongation to failure of ~400% after HPT processing for N=5 revolutions. The highest elongation to failure in the heat-treated samples was ~580% in the sample quenched in liquid nitrogen and processed for N=5 revolutions.
High resolution position estimation for advanced motion control based on FPGA (2012)

This paper presents a new method to obtain high resolution position using the incremental encoder signal. In addition, the high resolution position has been used for velocity estimation and torque disturbance estimation by disturbance observer. FPGA implementation is performed using short sampling time, which offers high performance in the motion control algorithms. The high position estimation is produced by the normalization of the number of clock pulses per pulse encoder. Thus, the fractional step can be evaluated at every sampling time. So, the fractional step is integrated every sampling time to the incremental encoder signal. The position with high resolution reduces the noise in the velocity estimation and torque estimation; thus, their bandwidth can be increased. The proposed method is verified in a velocity control and force control based on disturbance observer.
Structure of the Human Papillomavirus E7 Oncoprotein and Its Mechanism for Inactivation of the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor (2005)

The E7 oncoprotein from human Papillomavirus (HPV) mediates cell transformation in part by binding to the human pRb tumor suppressor protein and E2F transcription factors, resulting in the dissociation of pRb from E2F transcription factors and the premature cell progression into the S-phase of the cell cycle. This activity is mediated by the LXCXE motif and the CR3 zinc binding domain of the E7 protein. In this study we report the x-ray crystal structure of the CR3 region of HPV E7 and a structure-based mutational analysis to investigate its mode of pRb and E2F binding and E2F displacement from pRb. The structure reveals a novel zinc-bound E7-CR3 obligate homodimer that contains two surface patches of sequence conservation. Mutation of residues within these patches reveals that one patch is required for pRb binding, whereas the other is required for E2F binding. We also show that both E7-mediated interactions are required to disrupt pRb.E2F complexes. Based on these studies we present a mechanistic model for how E7 displaces E2F from pRb. Because the CR3 region of HPV E7 has no detectable homology to other human proteins, the structure-function studies presented here provide an avenue for developing small molecule compounds that inhibit HPV-E7-mediated cell transformation.
Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging Calibration for Quantifying Nanocarrier Binding to Cells During Shear Flow Exposure (2017)

Targeted drug delivery is a fast growing industry in healthcare and technologies are being developed for applications utilizing nanocarriers as vehicles for drug transport. As the size scale of these particles becomes further reduced, advanced fluorescence microscopy and image analysis techniques become increasingly important for facilitating our understanding of nanocarrier binding and avidity, thereby establishing the basis for nanocarrier design optimization. While there is a significant body of published work using nanocarriers <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, the advent of smaller particles that have typically been studied (~500 nm) limits the ability to attain quantitative measurements of nanocarrier binding dynamics since image acquisition and analysis methods are restricted by microscopy pixel size. This work demonstrates the use of a novel calibration technique based on radioisotope counting and fluorescence imaging for enabling quantitative determination of nanocarrier binding dynamics. The technique is then applied to assess the temporal profile of endothelial cell binding of two antibody targeted nanocarrier types in the presence of fluid shear stress. Results are provided for binding of nanoparticles smaller than a microscopy image pixel.
Intermediate filament expression and the progression of prostatic cancer as studied in the dunning R‐3327 rat prostatic carcinoma system (1989)

To evaluate if there is any consistent relationship between the expression of intermediate filament proteins (IFP), particularly keratins, and the degree of malignancy of prostatic cancer cells, a series of nine Dunning rat prostatic cancer sublines that span the entire spectrum of progression of prostatic cancer were studied immunocytochemically by the use of a variety of antibodies specific for keratins, vimentin, or desmin. For the keratin studies, monoclonal antibodies with either a general reactivity to several keratins or highly specific for either luminal or basal epithelial cells of the normal rat prostate were used. By use of an antibody specific for luminal cell keratin 18, the luminal tumor cells of the well-differentiated, slow-growing H and HI-S sublines were positively stained. In most of the sublines with a more advanced state of progression (i.e., the moderately differentiated, moderately fast growing HI-M; the poorly differentiated, faster growing HI-F; and the anaplastic, very fast growing AT-1, AT-2, and MAT-Lu tumors), however, no expression of keratin specific for luminal cells was detected. In addition, several of the most advanced sublines (i.e., AT-1, AT-2, and MAT-Lu) were negative using any of the keratin antibodies. In contrast, several of the other sublines with the most advanced degree of progression (i.e., the anaplastic, very fast growing MAT-LyLu tumor derived from the AT-1 subline; and the anaplastic, very fast growing AT-3 tumor, derived from the HI-F subline), however, were positively stained with the keratin antibody specific for the luminal cells. By use of the keratin antibody specific for the basal cells of the normal rat prostate, the basal tumor cells of the well-differentiated slow-growing H and HI-S tumor were positively stained. This positive staining for basal cell keratin was also found in the HI-M and HI-F tumors, while the AT-1, AT-2, MAT-Lu, MAT-LyLu, and AT-3 were negative with this antibody. Thus, a loss in staining for basal cell keratin was consistently associated with the most advanced state of tumor progression. Vimentin-positive staining was demonstrated either alone or with keratin-positive staining in part of the epithelial cancer cells of all the sublines. An increase in the positive staining for vimentin was consistently associated with a more advanced state of tumor progression. Desmin-positive staining was found only in smooth cells present within the various tumor sublines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Decrease of core 2 O-glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking (2020)

The synovial fluid glycoprotein lubricin (also known as proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type <i>O-</i>linked glycosylated biological lubricant implicated to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin's ability to reduce friction is related to its glycosylation consisting of sialylated and unsialylated Tn-antigens and core 1 and core 2 structures. The glycans on lubricin have also been suggested to be involved in crosslinking and stabilization of the lubricating superficial layer of cartilage by mediating interaction between lubricin and galectin-3. However, with the spectrum of glycans being found on lubricin, the glycan candidates involved in this interaction were unknown. Here, we confirm that the core 2 <i>O-</i>linked glycans mediate this lubricin-galectin-3 interaction, shown by surface plasmon resonance data indicating that recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core 2 structures did not bind to recombinant galectin-3. Conversely, transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the core 2 GlcNAc transferase acting on a mucin-type <i>O-</i>glycoprotein displayed increased galectin-3 binding. Both the level of galectin-3 and the galectin-3 interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients, coinciding with an increase in unsialylated core 1 <i>O-</i>glycans (T-antigens) and Tn-antigens. These data suggest a defect in crosslinking of surface-active molecules in OA and provide novel insights into OA molecular pathology.
Towards Practical Near-Maximum-Likelihood Decoding of Error-Correcting Codes: An Overview (2021)

While in the past several decades the trend to go towards increasing error-correcting code lengths was predominant to get closer to the Shannon limit, applications that require short block length are developing. Therefore, decoding techniques that can achieve near-maximum-likelihood (near-ML) are gaining momentum. This overview paper surveys recent progress in this emerging field by reviewing the GRAND algorithm, linear programming decoding, machine-learning aided decoding and the recursive projection-aggregation decoding algorithm. For each of the decoding algorithms, both algorithmic and hardware implementations are considered, and future research directions are outlined.
An ENV-GAG MRNA vaccine protects macaques from heterologous TIER-2 SHIV infection (2021)

Background: The development of a preventive vaccine remains a critical priority for ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Critical improvements in mRNA technology, as attested by recent successes in preventing COVID-19 disease, led us to develop an mRNA platform for HIV vaccines. Methods: In this regard, we designed an mRNA vaccine with different HIV-1 envelope mRNAs from 3 different clades co-formulated with SIV gag mRNA, which can assemble virus like particles (VLPs) in vivo. Rhesus macaques were primed with a transmitted-founder clade-B Env lacking the 276 N-glycan followed by multiple glycan-repaired autologous and bivalent heterologous (clades A and C) booster immunizations. Results: Immunized animals rapidly developed autologous neutralizing antibodies and eventually, after the second heterologous boost, cross-reactive tier-2 neutralizing antibodies, albeit at low titers. Vaccinated animals were protected from repeated low-dose rectal challenges with a heterologous tier-2 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (AD8). Protection was correlated with the presence of antibodies to the CD4-binding site. Conclusion: Thus, the Gag-Env VLP mRNA platform offers a promising strategy for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine.
Guided electron waves in semiconductor quantum wells (1989)

The quantum mechanical wave behavior of ballistic electrons allows them to be guided by a semiconductor quantum well. These structures act as optical slab waveguides for guiding directions normal to the confinement direction. The allowed modes in an asymmetric quantum well slab waveguide are described quantitatively. Electron waveguiding can occur for energies above one or both of the potential barriers. Due to dispersion, each electron waveguide mode has an upper-energy cutoff as well as a lower-energy cutoff. An example waveguide consisting of Ga 0.85 Al 0.15 AS (substrate), GaAs (film), and Ga 0.70 Al 0.30 AS (cover) is presented. For [100] GaAs layer thicknesses of from six through thirty-one monolayers this structure is a single-mode electron waveguide. These waveguides are potentially useful in high speed electronic circuitry and as a central component in future electron guided-wave integrated circuits.
Azimuthal di-hadron correlations ind+Au and Au + Au collisions atsNN=200GeV measured at the STAR detector (2010)

Yields, correlation shapes, and mean transverse momenta ${p}_{T}$ of charged particles associated with intermediate- to high-${p}_{T}$ trigger particles ($2.5&lt;{p}_{T}&lt;10$ GeV/$c$) in $d+$ Au and Au $+$ Au collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{\mathit{NN}}}}=200$ GeV are presented. For associated particles at higher ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2.5$ GeV/$c$, narrow correlation peaks are seen in $d+$ Au and Au $+$ Au, indicating that the main production mechanism is jet fragmentation. At lower associated particle ${p}_{T}&lt;2$ GeV/$c$, a large enhancement of the near- ($\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\phi}~0$) and away-side ($\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\phi}~\ensuremath{\pi}$) associated yields is found, together with a strong broadening of the away-side azimuthal distributions in Au $+$ Au collisions compared to $d+$ Au measurements, suggesting that other particle production mechanisms play a role. This is further supported by the observed significant softening of the away-side associated particle yield distribution at $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\phi}~\ensuremath{\pi}$ in central Au $+$ Au collisions.
Review about acceleration of plasma by nonlinear forces from picoseond laser pulses and block generated fusion flame in uncompressed fuel (2011)

Abstract In addition to the matured “laser inertial fusion energy” with spherical compression and thermal ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT), a very new alternative for the fast ignition scheme may have now been opened by using side-on block ignition aiming beyond the DT-fusion with igniting the neutron-free reaction of proton-boron-11 (p- 11 B). Measurements with laser pulses of terawatt power and ps duration led to the discovery of an anomaly of interaction, if the prepulses are cut off by a factor 10 8 (contrast ratio) to avoid relativistic self focusing in agreement with preceding computations. Applying this to petawatt (PW) pulses for Bobin-Chu conditions of side-on ignition of solid fusion fuel results after several improvements in energy gains of 10,000. This is in contrast to the impossible laser-ignition of p- 11 B by the usual spherical compression and thermal ignition. The side-on ignition is less than ten times only more difficult than for DT ignition. This is essentially based on the instant and direct conversion the optical laser energy by the nonlinear force into extremely high plasma acceleration. Genuine two-fluid hydrodynamic computations for DT are presented showing details how ps laser pulses generate a fusion flame in solid state density with an increase of the density in the thin flame region. Densities four times higher are produced automatically confirming a Rankine-Hugoniot shock wave process with an increasing thickness of the shock up to the nanosecond range and a shock velocity of 1500 km/s which is characteristic for these reactions.
Towards Global Volcano Monitoring Using Multisensor Sentinel Missions and Artificial Intelligence: The MOUNTS Monitoring System (2019)

Most of the world’s 1500 active volcanoes are not instrumentally monitored, resulting in deadly eruptions which can occur without observation of precursory activity. The new Sentinel missions are now providing freely available imagery with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions, with payloads allowing for a comprehensive monitoring of volcanic hazards. We here present the volcano monitoring platform MOUNTS (Monitoring Unrest from Space), which aims for global monitoring, using multisensor satellite-based imagery (Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR, Sentinel-2 Short-Wave InfraRed SWIR, Sentinel-5P TROPOMI), ground-based seismic data (GEOFON and USGS global earthquake catalogues), and artificial intelligence (AI) to assist monitoring tasks. It provides near-real-time access to surface deformation, heat anomalies, SO2 gas emissions, and local seismicity at a number of volcanoes around the globe, providing support to both scientific and operational communities for volcanic risk assessment. Results are visualized on an open-access website where both geocoded images and time series of relevant parameters are provided, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the temporal evolution of volcanic activity and eruptive products. We further demonstrate that AI can play a key role in such monitoring frameworks. Here we design and train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on synthetically generated interferograms, to operationally detect strong deformation (e.g., related to dyke intrusions), in the real interferograms produced by MOUNTS. The utility of this interdisciplinary approach is illustrated through a number of recent eruptions (Erta Ale 2017, Fuego 2018, Kilauea 2018, Anak Krakatau 2018, Ambrym 2018, and Piton de la Fournaise 2018–2019). We show how exploiting multiple sensors allows for assessment of a variety of volcanic processes in various climatic settings, ranging from subsurface magma intrusion, to surface eruptive deposit emplacement, pre/syn-eruptive morphological changes, and gas propagation into the atmosphere. The data processed by MOUNTS is providing insights into eruptive precursors and eruptive dynamics of these volcanoes, and is sharpening our understanding of how the integration of multiparametric datasets can help better monitor volcanic hazards.
Landmark-based shape recognition by a modified Hopfield neural network (2002)

A new method is introduced to achieve partial shape recognition by means of a modified Hopfield neural network. Given a scene consisting of partially occluded objects, a model object in the scene is hypothesized by matching the landmarks of the model with those in the scene. A local shape measure, known as the sphericity of a triangular transformation, is used as a measure of similarity between two landmarks. The hypothesis of a model object in a scene is completed by matching the model landmarks with the scene landmarks. The landmark matching task is performed by a modified Hopfield neural network. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least squares fit among the matched landmarks. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if the model is in the scene.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cloud transcoding for mobile video content delivery (2011)

This study analyzes a use case where computer clouds are used in the transcoding of media content and points to their advantages in a low cost media distribution solution such as HTTP Live.
[Purification and partial sequencing of L-dopa decarboxylase from pheochromocytoma in rats]. (1989)

L-DOPA decarboxylase was purified from rat pheochromocytoma. Tryptic digestion of this enzyme permitted obtaining fourteen peptides. The comparison of the sequence of L-DOPA decarboxylase from other species with one of these peptides demonstrates a great preservation of this protein.
Maximizing recombinant human serum albumin production in a MutsPichia pastoris strain (2014)

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a cysteine rich molecule that is most abundant in human blood plasma. To remain viable in the market due to lower marketing costs for HSA, it is important to produce a large quantity in an economical manner by recombinant technology. The objective of this study was to maximize recombinant HSA (rHSA) production using a Mut(s) Pichia pastoris strain by fermentation process optimization. We evaluated the impact of process parameters on the production of rHSA, including induction cell density (wet cell weight, g/L) and the control of specific growth rate at induction. In this study, we demonstrated that induction cell density is a critical factor for high level production of rHSA under controlled specific growth rate. We observed higher specific productivities at higher induction cell densities (285 g/L) and at lower specific growth rates (0.0022-0.0024/h) during methanol induction phase, and achieved the broth titer of rHSA up to 10 g/L. The temperature shift from 24 to 28(o) C was effective to control the specific growth rate at low level (≤0.0024/h) during methanol induction phase while maintaining high specific productivity [0.0908 mgrHSA /(gwcw h)].
Optical Performance of Computational Diffractive Imagers (2016)

We describe how the optical performance of computational diffractive imagers with phase anti-symmetric gratings can be characterized in comparison to lensed systems and demonstrate a method to improve their performance.
Electro-optic technique for adding binary numbers (1975)

A new type of device that makes use of electro-optic modulation of light in dielectric waveguides for adding binary numbers is described. Only one logic element (an analogue comparator) is needed for each bit in the sum. Improved speed is a potential advantage of the electro-optic technique, since the number of sequential logic steps is considerably smaller than in conventional electronic adders.
Cognitive Personal Coordination Assistants (2005)

Abstract : COORDINATEs are coordination managers from human teams. Each human in a team is paired with a COORDINATOR coordination manager which is running on a mobile computing device. COORDINATORs provide decision support to teams by reasoning about who should be doing what, when, with what resource, in support of which other team, and so forth. COORDINATORs respond to the dynamics of the environment by (re)coordinating to determine the right course of action for the current circumstances. We implemented COORDINATORs using wireless PDAs and proprietary human/asset location tracking technologies. This report discusses the concept of COORDINATORs, the motivation for them, the underlying agent architecture, implementation issues, the first response exercises we used to test them, and ideas for future work.
Activation of respiratory complex II by interferon-gamma and its inhibition by pyrimidine derivatives. (2014)

IFN-γ augments the SDH-produced formazan by macrophages. It does not change the LDH-dependent formazan formation. The enhancing effect may have a significant impact upon the appropriate interpretation of cytotoxic properties of drugs investigated under the conditions of immune stimulation of cells.