gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The increase of pericyte population in human neuromuscular disorders supports their role in muscle regeneration in vivo (2012)

Pericytes are periendothelial cells that have been involved in many different functions including a possible role as mesodermal stem/progenitor cells. In the present study we demonstrate that alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression is specific for human muscular pericytes and can be used as a marker to identify them in skeletal muscle biopsies. We studied the pericyte population in skeletal muscle biopsies from controls, myopathic and neuropathic patients. We observed a significant increase in the number of pericytes only in myopathies that correlated with the number of NCAM(+) fibres, suggesting that an active muscular degenerative/regenerative process is related to an increase in the pericyte population. AP(+) pericytes sorted from skeletal muscle samples were able to activate the myogenic programme and fuse with both mononucleate satellite cells and mature multinucleated myotubes in vitro, demonstrating that they could participate in muscle regeneration. In accordance, pericytes expressing the myogenic transcription factor MyoD were found in biopsies of myopathic biopsies. All these data support the hypothesis that, apart from satellite cells, pericytes may play an important role in muscle regeneration in adult human muscles in vivo.
1A1-D14 Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based on Time Attributes and Transition Patterns of Accumulated Behavior Data (2008)

This paper describes an algorithm of behavior labeling and anomaly detection for elderly people living alone. In order to grasp the person's life pattern, we equip some pyroelectric sensors into the house and measure the person's movement data all the time. From those sequential data, we extract two kinds of information, time and duration of each behavior, and make the system calculate two-dimensional probabilistic density function of them. By using this function, the system classifies behavior labels and detects anomaly. In addition to these two kinds of information, we consider another kind of informaion, behavior transition patterns, at anomaly detection. Here, we assume local anomaly and global anomaly. The former means the rare behaviors and the latter means the changes of life pattern. The algorithm is confirmed through the experiment on about 400 days real behavior data.
Grand Challenges in Global Health (2003)

This week an international panel announces a list of 14 Grand Challenges in Global Health, and scientists throughout the world will be invited to submit grant proposals to pursue them with funds provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. We describe the characteristics of these challenges and the process by which they were formulated and selected after receiving over 1000 responses to a "call for ideas" from the scientific community.
Reduced inter-observer and intra-observer delineation variation in esophageal cancer radiotherapy by use of fiducial markers (2019)

Objective: Delineation variation of esophageal tumors remains a large source of geometric uncertainty. In the present study, we investigated the inter- and intra-observer variation in esophageal gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation and the impact of endoscopically implanted fiducial markers on these variations.Material/Methods: Ten esophageal cancer patients with at least two markers endoscopically implanted at the cranial and caudal tumor borders and visible on the planning computed tomography (pCT) were included in this study. Five dedicated gastrointestinal radiation oncologists independently delineated GTVs on the pCT without markers and with markers. The GTV was first delineated on pCTs where markers were digitally removed and next on the original pCT with markers. Both delineation series were executed twice to determine intra-observer variation. For both the inter- and intra-observer analyses, the generalized conformity index (CIgen), and the standard deviation (SD) of the distances between delineated surfaces (i.e., overall, longitudinal, and radial SDs) were calculated. Linear mixed-effect models were used to compare the without and with markers series (α = 0.05).Results: Both the inter- and intra-observer CIgen were significantly larger in the series with markers than in the series without markers (p < .001). For the series without markers vs. with markers, the inter-observer overall SD, longitudinal SD, and radial SD was 0.63 cm vs. 0.22 cm, 1.44 cm vs. 0.42 cm, and 0.26 cm vs. 0.18 cm, respectively (p < .05); moreover, the intra-observer overall SD, longitudinal SD, and radial SD was 0.45 cm vs. 0.26 cm, 1.10 cm vs. 0.41 cm, and 0.22 cm vs. 0.15 cm, respectively (p < .05).Conclusion: The presence of markers at the cranial and caudal tumor borders significantly reduced both inter- and intra-observer GTV delineation variation, especially in the longitudinal direction. Our results endorse the use of markers in GTV delineation for esophageal cancer patients.
Impact of digital communications on project efficiency through ease of use and top management support (2023)

The pandemic has made the world witness an overnight transition from traditional to digital space owning to a lockdown, affecting everyday life. During the lockdown, the business community and people switched to online communication tools for survival. The behaviour towards adopting online communication tools during the pandemic has opened a new direction for researchers to study. This study aims to understand how during the covid-19 lockdown, digital communication tools affect project efficiency. It also explored to what extent project performance (PP) has been affected by digital communication during the lockdown. The study has used a cross-sectional quantitative-based approach. Moreover, a convenience sampling technique was adopted to collect. The target respondents are the project staff and employees of humanitarian organisations comprising international non-profit organisations (INGOs), UN agencies, and local non-profit organisations (NGOs) based in Pakistan. The survey was shared with 400 employees, and only 302 respondents responded. The results show that the user behaviour towards adopting digital communication tools is high; digital communication tools have an impact on project performance, while ease of use significantly moderates the relationship between digital communications tools and project performance compared to top management support. The research helps study employees' struggles in adopting change and advising organisations to devise practical digital communication strategies and business continuity plans to cope with crises.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON KUPFER(I)‐HYDRID MIT ORGANOKUPFER(I)‐VERBINDUNGEN (1970)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Organokupferverbindung (I), die aus einer Norbornan‐ Grignardverbindung und einem Bromophosphin‐kupfer‐Komplex in guter Ausbeute dargestellt wurde, mit dem Cu‐Deuterid (II) zu dem Norbornan (III) wurde ausgeführt, um ein Modell für die Reaktivität von Übergangsmetallhydriden und Organoübergangsmetallverbindungen zu erhalten.
Localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 mRNA and mGluR7a protein in the rat basal ganglia (1999)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) coupled to G-proteins have important roles in the regulation of basal ganglia function. We have examined the localization of the mGluR7 mRNA and mGluR7a protein in the basal ganglia of the rat. Strong mGluR7 hybridization signals are found in cerebral cortex and striatum, but much less intense signals are present in other components of the basal ganglia. Abundant mGluR7a immunoreactivity was found in striatum, globus pallidus (GP), and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Examination using confocal microscopy together with dendritic and presynaptic markers as well as studies in lesion models provided evidence for the presence of mGluR7a on presynaptic terminals in all three structures. Electron microscopic studies confirmed the presence of mGluR7a in axon terminals in both the striatum and the GP and also revealed the presence of mGluR7a at postsynaptic sites in both of these regions. Our data demonstrate that mGluR7a is located not only on presynaptic glutamatergic terminals of the corticostriatal pathway, where it may serve as an autoreceptor, but also on terminals of striatopallidal and striatonigral projections, where it may modulate the release of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The presence of mGluR7 at these multiple sites in the basal ganglia suggests that this receptor has a particularly crucial role in modulating neurotransmitter release in major basal ganglia pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 415:266–284, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Numerical Simulation of Diffuser of a Gas Turbine using the Actuator Disc Model (2019)

An analysis of the exhaust diffuser section of a gas turbine is presented by incorporating the reduced order mathematical model "actuator disc concept" that represents the last stage of the turbine. The actuator disc model is one of the simplified numerical methods for analyzing the aerodynamic performance of axial turbine stage. In which, the rotor and the stator of the turbine stages are modeled as zero thickness discs with a specified blade speed and zero speed respectively. Finite volume based commercial CFD package ANSYS FLUENT was employed for the numerical investigation of the applicability of the proposed simplified model. The compressible Navier-Stoke equations along with k- turbulent model were solved in the computational domain by incorporating suitable boundary conditions. The implementation of actuator disc boundary conditions is described in detail. The numerical results obtained from the proposed model are in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. The effect of casing angle on the performance of diffuser is presented.
Dose-response relationship between aortic infusions of polymerized bovine hemoglobin and return of circulation in a canine model of ventricular fibrillation and advanced cardiac life support (1997)

There is a dose-response relationship between the volume of oxygenated ultrapurified polymerized bovine hemoglobin administered by selective aortic perfusion and oxygenation and return of spontaneous circulation after prolonged cardiac arrest. This result supports the hypothesis that vital organ flow is causally related to improved outcome.
A New Concept for Improving Steamflood Performance in Shallow Heavy Oil Reservoirs (1996)

The benefits of horizontal fractures to steamflood performance of shallow, heavy oil reservoirs are demonstrated through reservoir simulation. Two cases were considered: (1) an unpropped fracture to improve mobility of oil ahead of the steamfront, and (2) a nearly impermeable (cement-slurry-filled) fracture to improve vertical sweep efficiency. Horizontal fracturing in shallow reservoirs (<1,000 ft) has been previously demonstrated.Reservoir data for the low thickness areas of the Slocum (TX) field were used to evaluate the potential of the unpropped fracture. On initiating steamflooding, the steam was injected above formation parting pressure while the oil production rates remained high. The fracture was introduced at the top of the reservoir (i.e., away from the underlying water zone). Subsequent steam injection pressures were below the fracture reopening pressure. The results were compared to those of steamflooding where pressures were always maintained below the formation parting pressure. Steam soaking the formation with the fracture accelerated the recovery process. For the 2.5-acre pattern, project time decreased by 40%, cumulative oil steam ratio (COSR) increased by 20%, and production cost decreased by 16%. Production costs (per bbl of oil) for formations with and without underlying water zones were $13.80 and $12.30 when produced-water heat and 5-acre patterns were used.Published data for a thick Kern River (CA) reservoir were used to evaluate the benefit of the impermeable fracture. The fracture was introduced into the reservoir, immediately below the elevation of the steam override zone, after 5.6 years of steamflooding. The steamflooding was simulated to continue in the zone below the fracture for four years, and the results were compared with those of the low-quality steamflood conducted in the field over the same period. Steamflood performance improved significantly. Oil recovery increased by 10% OOIP (30% of no-fracture production), mainly because of higher temperatures and steam saturations in the layers below the fracture.
Design of fluid film journal bearings containing continuous 3D fluid pathways which are formed by wrapping a sheet containing 2D through-cut features (2005)

The purpose of this research was to generate the knowledge required to: (1) design and manufacture fluid film bearings that do not require precision machining processes during fabrication, but rather gain their precision from off-the-shelf parts used in the fabrication process and (2) manufacture parts with 3D internal networks by wrapping thin sheets of material containing 2D through-cut features. This wrapping-based fabrication process, called Three-Dimensional Wrapped Network (3DWN) technology, uses the precision of low-cost, ubiquitous items instead of manufacturing processes to meet the precision requirements of hydrostatic bearings. 3DWN bearings are fabricated by cutting 2D through-cut features into shim stock and then wrapping the shim stock around a precision mandrel. The 2D shim stock features are designed such that they align and form 3D internal networks within the bearing during wrapping. In the final wrapped structure the bore retains the precision diameter of the mandrel and the surface finish of the shim stock, thus meeting the functional requirements of the bearing.
On the Nature and Extent of Intermolecular Interactions between Entrapped Complexes of Ru(bpy)32+ in Zeolite Y (1998)

A series of zeolite Y samples having different contents of entrapped Ru(bpy)32+ (Z−Ru(bpy)3) has been prepared. In contrast to the case in homogeneous media, in Y-zeolite the entrapped molecules cannot diffuse and the range of possible intermolecular distances between the complexes is restricted to discrete values. Because of the specific arrangement of interacting species, simplified models can be used in the study of the intermolecular interactions. The results of the present study indicate that intermolecular interactions between the entrapped complexes have a profound effect on the intensity of the electronic emission and kinetics of the excited-state depopulation. Analysis of excited-state lifetime results show that, although isolated Z−*Ru(bpy)3 molecules decay to the ground state with rates comparable to that observed in aqueous solution, the decay of the excited molecules, which have another Ru(bpy)32+ or *Ru(bpy)32+ complex entrapped in an adjacent zeolite supercage, is much more rapid. In the case of excited-state−ground-state interaction, this effect has been attributed to the nonradiative decay enhancement, and in the case of the excited-state−excited-state interaction, it has been attributed to triplet−triplet annihilation via electron transfer.
Correlation Between Anti-gp41 Antibodies and Virus Infectivity Decay During Primary HIV-1 Infection (2018)

Recent experiments have suggested that the infectivity of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in plasma decreases over time during primary infection. Because anti-gp41 antibodies are produced early during HIV-1 infection and form antibody-virion complexes, we studied if such early HIV-1 specific antibodies are correlated with the decay in HIV-1 infectivity. Using a viral dynamic model that allows viral infectivity to decay and frequent early viral load data obtained from 6 plasma donors we estimate that HIV-1 infectivity begins to decay after about 2 weeks of infection. The length of this delay is consistent with the time before antibody-virion complexes were detected in the plasma of these donors and is correlated (<i>p</i> = 0.023, <i>r</i> = 0.87) with the time for antibodies to be first detected in plasma. Importantly, we identify that the rate of infectivity decay is significantly correlated with the rate of increase in plasma anti-gp41 IgG concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.046, <i>r</i> = 0.82) and the increase in IgM+IgG anti-gp41 concentration (<i>p</i> = 8.37 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, <i>r</i> = 0.98). Furthermore, we found that the viral load decay after the peak did not have any significant correlation with the rate of anti-gp41 IgM or IgG increase. These results indicate that early anti-gp41 antibodies may cause viral infectivity decay, but may not contribute significantly to controlling post-peak viral load, likely due to insufficient quantity or affinity. Our findings may be helpful to devise strategies, including antibody-based vaccines, to control acute HIV-1 infection.
Découverte d’un territoire et de son patrimoine à travers le cadastre napoléonien et son intégration dans un système d’information géographique (2008)

Les démarches pour découvrir le patrimoine d’un territoire sont nombreuses et aujourd’hui connues pour être mises en application par des spécialistes, professionnels et amateurs. Qu’il s’agisse du dépouillement d’archives ou de prospection sur le terrain, ces recherches, longues et parfois fastidieuses, sont l’œuvre de passionnés. Les techniques modernes permettent aujourd’hui de faciliter le travail mais offrent surtout les moyens d’une restitution et d’un accès plus large au public de ces p...
An improved beam waist formula for ultrashort, tightly-focused linearly and radially polarized laser pulses in free space (2013)

Liang Jie Wong, Franz X. Kartner and Steven G. Johnson 1 Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA 3 DESY-Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Notkestrase 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany 4 Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestrase 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany *Corresponding author: ljwong@mit.edu
GS-4104 Gilead Sciences Inc. (1998)

Gilead and Roche are codeveloping GS-4104, a neuraminidase inhibitor, for the potential treatment and prevention of influenza virus infections, type A and type B. The companies began international phase II/III trials in December 1997 [272638]. The phase II/III double-blind, placebo-controlled study involves centers in the US, Canada, Europe and Hong Kong [272638]. The program will consist of two treatment studies and two prophylaxis studies, each of which will recruit 750 patients [273331]. The trials involve over 1500 patients, who will receive either GS-4104 or placebo for 6 weeks, as a once- or twice-daily dosing schedule [276650], [276895]. The company has also registered 73 centers for the two treatment studies, and 55 of these had been activated by the end of January 1998. Patients in the treatment arm will receive either GS-4104 or placebo for 5 days. Roche is conducting similar trials in Europe, Canada and Hong Kong [276895]. In September 1997, results were announced from two phase II studies, initiated in May 1997, in which volunteers were exposed intranasally to influenza A. The patients received oral capsules of GS-4104, or placebo, once-daily or twice-daily. In the first study, GS-4104 decreased the duration of symptoms by nearly 50%. In the second study, all patients who were given GS-4104 prophylactically did not have detectable levels of virus, as compared to 50% in the placebo group [264362]. In phase I trials, GS-4104 was well-tolerated with good oral absorption and distribution in blood and tissue [248180].
Multiple structures from a macro bicyclization reaction - the rich chemistry of the Jager macrocycles (1980)

Article Multiple structures from a macro bicyclization reaction - the rich chemistry of the Jager macrocycles was published on January 1, 1980 in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry (volume 52, issue 11).
Synthesis ofN α-FmocN,N′-bis-Boc-5-, 6- and 8-guanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid (5-GTIC, 6-GTIC and 8-GTIC) (2004)

Abstract: Na-Fmoc N,N¢-bis-Boc-5-, 6- and 8-guanyl-Tic-OH (5-,&#13;\n6- and 8-GTIC), three conformationally constrained amino acids&#13;\nwith basic properties, have been synthesized by microwave irradiation.&#13;\nThese amino acids combine the basic features of arginine with&#13;\nthe aromatic features of phenylalanine and can be utilized as functional&#13;\ntools in peptide-based structure–activity studies.
Asynchronous ADMM for Distributed Non-Convex Optimization in Power Systems (2017)

Large scale, non-convex optimization problems arising in many complex networks such as the power system call for efficient and scalable distributed optimization algorithms. Existing distributed methods are usually iterative and require synchronization of all workers at each iteration, which is hard to scale and could result in the under-utilization of computation resources due to the heterogeneity of the subproblems. To address those limitations of synchronous schemes, this paper proposes an asynchronous distributed optimization method based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) for non-convex optimization. The proposed method only requires local communications and allows each worker to perform local updates with information from a subset of but not all neighbors. We provide sufficient conditions on the problem formulation, the choice of algorithm parameter and network delay, and show that under those mild conditions, the proposed asynchronous ADMM method asymptotically converges to the KKT point of the non-convex problem. We validate the effectiveness of asynchronous ADMM by applying it to the Optimal Power Flow problem in multiple power systems and show that the convergence of the proposed asynchronous scheme could be faster than its synchronous counterpart in large-scale applications.
Mechanical behaviour and delamination mechanisms in temporary bonding (2016)

This paper deals with the mechanical behaviour and the delamination mechanisms in temporary bonding. The presented work relies on developing a test vehicle in which a controlled delamination is created. Then, this test vehicle is used to compare the resistance against delamination of four thermoplastic adhesives. To finish, the thermo-mechanical behaviour of these four adhesives is also studied.
Thermal microphotonic sensor and sensor array (2023)

A thermal microphotonic sensor is disclosed for detecting infrared radiation using heat generated by the infrared radiation to shift the resonant frequency of an optical resonator (e.g. a ring resonator) to which the heat is coupled. The shift in the resonant frequency can be determined from light in an optical waveguide which is evanescently coupled to the optical resonator. An infrared absorber can be provided on the optical waveguide either as a coating or as a plate to aid in absorption of the infrared radiation. In some cases, a vertical resonant cavity can be formed about the infrared absorber to further increase the absorption of the infrared radiation. The sensor can be formed as a single device, or as an array for imaging the infrared radiation.