gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological reaction and presence in stressful virtual environments (2002)

A common metric of VE quality is presence --- the degree to which the user feels like they are in the virtual scene as opposed to the real world. Presence is important for many VE applications [Hodges et al. 1994]. Since presence is a subjective condition, it is most commonly measured by self-reporting, either during the VE experience or immediately afterwards by questionnaires. There is vigorous debate in the literature as to how to best measure presence [Meehan 2001].
Verfassungsrechtliches Gleichheitsgebot und die Inanspruchnahme der kartellrechtlichen Kronzeugenprogramme (2020)

Kronzeugenregelungen konnen jederzeit von Kartellanten in Anspruch genommen werden. Staatliche Handlungen (Durchsuchungen bei einzelnen Unternehmen, Verfahren in anderen Markten) beeinflussen individuell den Kenntnisstand der Unternehmen und damit deren entsprechende Abwagung. Die Tater haben jedenfalls vor Aufbrechen des Kartells kein Recht auf gleichen bzw. gleichzeitigen Kenntnisstand uber den Ermittlungsstand. In besonders gelagerten Fallen kann es ermittlungstaktisch sinnvoll sein, Mittater,
Rapid and Fully Microfluidic Ebola Virus Detection with CRISPR-Cas13a (2019)

Highly infectious illness caused by pathogens is endemic especially in developing nations where there is limited laboratory infrastructure and trained personnel. Rapid point-of-care (POC) serological assays with minimal sample manipulation and low cost are desired in clinical practice. In this study, we report an automated POC system for Ebola RNA detection with RNA-guided RNA endonuclease Cas13a, utilizing its collateral RNA degradation after its activation. After automated microfluidic mixing and hybridization, nonspecific cleavage products of Cas13a are immediately measured by a custom integrated fluorometer which is small in size and convenient for in-field diagnosis. Within 5 min, a detection limit of 20 pfu/mL (5.45 × 10<sup>7</sup> copies/mL) of purified Ebola RNA is achieved. This isothermal and fully solution-based diagnostic method is rapid, amplification-free, simple, and sensitive, thus establishing a key technology toward a useful POC diagnostic platform.
A black box approach to physical layer validation for 3G/4G base stations (2014)

A base station is a very complex equipment, containing several hardware and software parts that can be built by different providers, e.g. software code for service protocol layers, operating systems, network processors, digital signal processors, hardware accelerators, memory parts etc. The challenge is to have each party being able to test its own solution, without interaction from other sources. This paper focuses on presenting a generic framework solution for testing the physical layer (Layer 1) of this system and ensuring it operates in conformance to the standard specifications.
Improved methodology to compare diversity performance of several multi-antennas systems (2008)

This proposed methodology is an interesting tool which allows to compare several multi-antennas systems designed for a given application. This comparison is made possible thanks to the introduction of the referenced diversity gain. This methodology has the advantage to take into account a group of pondered situations which describes a real application. It is now possible for manufacturers to choose the most adapted system by considering antennas properties (efficiency, size, cost), radio link improvement and combining method complexity. Moreover, simulated or measured values can be used for distribution of incoming radio waves and radiation patterns of antennas.
Retinoic Acid and Rapamycin Differentially Affect and Synergistically Promote the Ex Vivo Expansion of Natural Human T Regulatory Cells (2011)

Natural T regulatory cells (Tregs) are challenging to expand ex vivo, and this has severely hindered in vivo evaluation of their therapeutic potential. All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays an important role in mediating immune homeostasis in vivo, and we investigated whether ATRA could be used to promote the ex vivo expansion of Tregs purified from adult human peripheral blood. We found that ATRA helped maintain FOXP3 expression during the expansion process, but this effect was transient and serum-dependent. Furthermore, natural Tregs treated with rapamycin, but not with ATRA, suppressed cytokine production in co-cultured effector T cells. This suppressive activity correlated with the ability of expanded Tregs to induce FOXP3 expression in non-Treg cell populations. Examination of CD45RA+ and CD45RA- Treg subsets revealed that ATRA failed to maintain suppressive activity in either population, but interestingly, Tregs expanded in the presence of both rapamycin and ATRA displayed more suppressive activity and had a more favorable epigenetic status of the FOXP3 gene than Tregs expanded in the presence of rapamycin only. We conclude that while the use of ATRA as a single agent to expand Tregs for human therapy is not warranted, its use in combination with rapamycin may have benefit.
Alteration of early dendritic cell activation by cancer cell lines predispose immunosuppression, which cannot be reversed by TLR4 stimulation (2016)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown promise for use in cancer vaccine and cancer immunotherapy studies. However, we demonstrate that cancer cell lines can negatively interfere with DC generation in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-derived cultures, although cancer cells are able to enhance CD80 cell surface activation marker and cytokine secretion. Furthermore, in the presence of cancer cells, GM-CSF-derived DCs are unable to stimulate T-cells. Additional stimulation with toll-like receptor 4 cannot fully reverse the suppressive effect of cancer cells or supernatant. Hence, it is imperative to understand the immunosuppressive effects of cancer on DCs in order for DC-based cancer immunotherapy to be successful.
Molecular mechanism of extrinsic factors affecting anti-aging of stem cells (2015)

Scientific evidence suggests that stem cells possess the anti-aging ability to self-renew and maintain differentiation potentials, and quiescent state. The objective of this review is to discuss the micro-environment where stem cells reside in vivo, the secreted factors to which stem cells are exposed, the hypoxic environment, and intracellular factors including genome stability, mitochondria integrity, epigenetic regulators, calorie restrictions, nutrients, and vitamin D. Secreted tumor growth factor-β and fibroblast growth factor-2 are reported to play a role in stem cell quiescence. Extracellular matrices may interact with caveolin-1, the lipid raft on cell membrane to regulate quiescence. N-cadherin, the adhesive protein on niche cells provides support for stem cells. The hypoxic micro-environment turns on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 to prevent mesenchymal stem cells aging through p16 and p21 down-regulation. Mitochondria express glucosephosphate isomerase to undergo glycolysis and prevent cellular aging. Epigenetic regulators such as p300, protein inhibitors of activated Stats and H19 help maintain stem cell quiescence. In addition, calorie restriction may lead to secretion of paracrines cyclic ADP-ribose by intestinal niche cells, which help maintain intestinal stem cells. In conclusion, it is crucial to understand the anti-aging phenomena of stem cells at the molecular level so that the key to solving the aging mystery may be unlocked.
Combination of Synthesis and Post-synthesis Approaches for the Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a High Percentage of Semiconductor-type (2016)

2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Combination of Synthesis and Post-synthesis Approaches for the Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a High Percentage of Semiconductor-type
Topology-optimized and dispersion-tailored photonic crystal slow-light devices (2007)

We review our work done for topology optimization of passive photonic crystal component parts for broadband and wavelength dependent operations. We show examples of low-loss topology-optimized bends and splitters optimized for broadband transmission and demonstrate the applicability of topology optimization for designing slow-light and/or wavelength selective component parts. We also present how the dispersion of light in the slow-light regime of photonic crystal waveguides can be tailored to obtain filter functionalities in passive devices and/or to obtain <i>semi</i>-slow light having a group velocity in the range ~(c<sub>0</sub>/15 - c<sub>0</sub>/100); vanishing, positive, or negative group velocity dispersion (GVD); and low-loss propagation in a practical ~5-15 nm bandwidth.
Functional Analysis of the Human Cytomegalovirus US28 Gene by Insertion Mutagenesis with the Green Fluorescent Protein Gene (1998)

The protein encoded by the US28 gene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has homology to G protein-coupled receptors (GCR). Previous studies demonstrated that recombinant US28 protein can bind the beta class of chemokines (K. Neote, D. DiGregorio, J. Y. Mak, R. Horuk, and T. J. Schall, Cell 72:415-425, 1993) and induce a rise in intracellular calcium after the binding of chemokines (J. L. Gao and P. M. Murphy, J. Biol. Chem. 269:28539-28542, 1994). In order to investigate the function of the US28 protein in virus-infected cells, a recombinant HCMV (HV5.8) was constructed, with the US28 open reading frame disrupted by the insertion of the Escherichia coli gpt gene and the gene for the green fluorescent protein. The US28 gene is not required for growth in human fibroblasts (HF). HF infected with wild-type HCMV bound RANTES at 24 h postinfection and demonstrated an intracellular calcium flux induced by RANTES. In cells infected with HV5.8, RANTES did not bind or induce a calcium flux, demonstrating that US28 is responsible for the beta-chemokine binding and induced calcium signaling in HCMV-infected cells. The ability of the US28 gene to bind chemokines was shown to cause a significant reduction in the concentration of RANTES in the medium of infected cells. Northern analysis of RNA from infected cells showed that US28 is an early gene, while US27 (another GCR) is a late gene.
Understanding Shared Speech-Text Representations (2023)

Recently, a number of approaches to train speech models by incorpo-rating text into end-to-end models have been developed, with Mae-stro advancing state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR)and Speech Translation (ST) performance. In this paper, we expandour understanding of the resulting shared speech-text representationswith two types of analyses. First we examine the limits of speech-free domain adaptation, finding that a corpus-specific duration modelfor speech-text alignment is the most important component for learn-ing a shared speech-text representation. Second, we inspect the sim-ilarities between activations of unimodal (speech or text) encodersas compared to the activations of a shared encoder. We find that theshared encoder learns a more compact and overlapping speech-textrepresentation than the uni-modal encoders. We hypothesize that thispartially explains the effectiveness of the Maestro shared speech-textrepresentations.
Electrolytes Containing Triethyl Phosphate Solubilized Lithium Nitrate for Improved Silicon Anode Performance (2022)

An electrolyte consisting of lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ) and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) in ethylene carbonate (EC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and triethyl phosphate (TEP) is used to improve the long-term cycling stability of silicon anodes. TEP was selected for its ability to dissolve LiNO 3 in carbonates to a concentration of ∼0.2 M. The large amount of LiNO 3 combined with the LiDFOB salt leads to a capacity retention of 87.1% after one hundred cycles due to the formation of a relatively stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Ex-situ surface analysis reveals that the SEI consists of oxalates, lithium alkyl carbonates, borates, and nitrate reduction products. By selecting two components which are preferentially reduced (LiNO 3 and LiDFOB), the SEI is able to inhibit continuous solvent decomposition and allows for improved electrochemical cycling for pure silicon anodes.
Small Peptide Inhibitors of Acetyl-Peptide Hydrolase Having an Uncommon Mechanism of Inhibition and a Stable Bent Conformation (2012)

Acyl peptide hydrolase (APEH) catalyzes the removal of acetyl-amino acids from the N-terminus of peptides and cytoplasmic proteins. Due to the role played in several diseases, and to the growing interest around N-terminal acetylation, studies on APEH structure, function, and inhibition are attracting an ever increasing attention. We have therefore screened a random tetrapeptide library, N-capped with selected groups, and identified a trifluoroacetylated tetrapeptide (CF(3)-lmph) which inhibits the enzyme with a K(i) of 24.0 ± 0.8 μM. The inhibitor is selective for APEH, shows an uncommon uncompetitive mechanism of inhibition, and in solution adopts a stable bent conformation. CF(3)-lmph efficiently crosses cell membranes, blocking the cytoplasmic activity of APEH; however, it triggers a mild pro-apoptotic effect as compared to other competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors. The unusual inhibition mechanism and the stable structure make the new compound a novel tool to investigate enzyme functions and a useful scaffold to develop more potent inhibitors.
Professional Live Audio Production: A Highly Synchronized Use Case for 5G URLLC Systems (2018)

The fifth generation of cellular mobile communication networks is on the horizon and aims to integrate new vertical markets. In this article, we discuss professional wireless audio systems used for live productions as a future use case for 5G. Wireless live audio productions require high communication reliability as well as ultra-low signal delay. Furthermore, these services demand strict synchronization of devices to function properly. The need for low latency and for precise time and phase synchronization goes beyond what is currently under discussion in the context of URLLC. We seize on this aspect, discuss how isochronous data transmission can be implemented and integrated into 5G networks, and show similarities with other 5G verticals such as industrial automation.
Clinical anticancer drug development: targeting the cyclin-dependent kinases (2004)

Cell division involves a cyclical biochemical process composed of several step-wise reactions that have to occur once per cell cycle. Dysregulation of cell division is a hallmark of all cancers. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms frequently result in deranged expression and/or activity of cell-cycle proteins including the cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk inhibitors and checkpoint control proteins. The critical nature of these proteins in cell cycling raises hope that targeting them may result in selective cytotoxicity and valuable anticancer activity.
A sensor to monitor limb depth in transtibial sockets with locking pin suspension: a technical note (2021)

The sensor is sufficiently accurate to pursue studies investigating utility of the data toward clinical monitoring of socket fit.
Privacy Leak Classification on Mobile Devices (2018)

Mobile devices have access to personal, potentially sensitive data, and there is a growing number of mobile apps that have access to it and often transmit this personally identifiable information (PII) over the network. In this paper, we present an approach for detecting such PII “leaks” in network packets going out of the device, by first monitoring network packets on the device itself and then applying classifiers that can predict with high accuracy whether a packet contains a PII leak and of which type. We evaluate the performance of our classifiers using datasets that we collected and analyzed from scratch. We also report preliminary results that show that collaboration among users can further improve classification accuracy, thus motivating crowdsourcing and/or distributed learning of privacy leaks.
Frequency dependence of phase shifts in human calcaneus in vitro. (2010)

If dispersion in a medium is weak and approximately linear with frequency (over an experimental band of frequencies), then it can be shown that the constant term in a polynomial representation of phase shift as a function of frequency can produce errors in measurements of phase velocity differences in through-transmission, substitution experiments. A method for suppressing the effects of the constant phase shift in the context of the single-wave-model was tested on measurements from 30 cancellous human calcaneus samples in vitro. Without adjustment for constant phase shifts, the estimated phase velocity at 500 kHz was 1516 +− 6 m/s (mean +− standard error), and the estimated dispersion was −24 +− 4 m/sMHz (mean +− standard error). With adjustment for constant phase shifts, the estimated mean velocity decreased by 4–9 m/s, and the estimated magnitude of mean dispersion decreased by 50%–100%. The average correlation coefficient between the measured attenuation coefficient and frequency was 0.997 +− 0.0026 (mean +− standard deviation), suggesting that the signal for each sample was dominated by one wave.
Toward Adaptive Control of QoS-Importance Decoupled Real-Time Systems (2007)

Abstract — This paper deals with differentiated services in real-time systems. Tasks submitted to a real-time system are differentiated with respect to importance and QoS requirements. We use feedback control to enforce the requirements in QoS and ensure a hierarchical admission policy based on the importance of the tasks. The results show that the requirements are met during steady state when the workload is constant. The feedback control approach does not satisfactorily manage QoS when there is a sudden and significant workload change (transient state) due to the time-variant nature of the system. To address this, we present preliminary and promising results using adaptive control, and report on some challenges we are facing when applying the theory. I.
The rice OsNAC6 transcription factor orchestrates multiple molecular mechanisms involving root structural adaptions and nicotianamine biosynthesis for drought tolerance (2016)

Drought has a serious impact on agriculture worldwide. A plant's ability to adapt to rhizosphere drought stress requires reprogramming of root growth and development. Although physiological studies have documented the root adaption for tolerance to the drought stress, underlying molecular mechanisms is still incomplete, which is essential for crop engineering. Here, we identified OsNAC6-mediated root structural adaptations, including increased root number and root diameter, which enhanced drought tolerance. Multiyear drought field tests demonstrated that the grain yield of OsNAC6 root-specific overexpressing transgenic rice lines was less affected by drought stress than were nontransgenic controls. Genome-wide analyses of loss- and gain-of-function mutants revealed that OsNAC6 up-regulates the expression of direct target genes involved in membrane modification, nicotianamine (NA) biosynthesis, glutathione relocation, 3'-phophoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate accumulation and glycosylation, which represent multiple drought tolerance pathways. Moreover, overexpression of NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE genes, direct targets of OsNAC6, promoted the accumulation of the metal chelator NA and, consequently, drought tolerance. Collectively, OsNAC6 orchestrates novel molecular drought tolerance mechanisms and has potential for the biotechnological development of high-yielding crops under water-limiting conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular 2‐Propylidene‐1,3‐bis(silane) Imine Cyclizations. An Efficient New Procedure for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Pyrrolidines, Isotropanes, and Bridged Pyrrolizidines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of TNF Antagonists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (2014)

Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists play a critical role in the treatment of moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), several factors can impact treatment response. The degree of systemic inflammation, serum albumin concentration, disease type, body mass index, gender, concomitant therapy with immunosuppressive agents, and especially development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) are key determinants of TNF antagonist pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. Therefore, measurement of serum drug and antibody concentrations in patients with IBD who are on TNF antagonists has the potential to guide clinical decision-making, optimize treatment, improve outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs. Multiple strategies to prevent ADA formation exist, including multiple clinical algorithms that employ therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize treatment following a secondary loss of therapeutic response. An individualized approach is needed, however, to identify early predictors of ADA development and other confounders of TNF antagonist therapy.
Genome-wide significant loci for addiction and anxiety (2016)

This study confirms the shared genetic underpinnings of addiction and anxiety and identifies genomic loci involved in the etiology of these comorbid disorders. The linkage signal for anxiety on 12q24 spans the location of TMEM132D, an emerging gene of interest from previous GWAS of anxiety traits, whilst the bivariate linkage signal identified for anxiety-alcohol on 9q33 peak coincides with a region where rare CNVs have been associated with psychiatric disorders. Other signals identified implicate novel regions of the genome in addiction genetics.
The Essence of Three-Phase PFC Rectifier Systems—Part I (2012)

In the first part of this paper, three-phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled output voltage are derived from known single-phase PFC rectifier systems and/or passive three-phase diode rectifiers. The systems are classified into hybrid and fully active pulsewidth modulation boost-type or buck-type rectifiers, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described. This facilitates the understanding of the operating principle of three-phase PFC rectifiers starting from single-phase systems, and organizes and completes the knowledge base with a new hybrid three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier topology denominated as Swiss Rectifier. Finally, core topics of future research on three-phase PFC rectifier systems are discussed, such as the analysis of novel hybrid buck-type PFC rectifier topologies, the direct input current control of buck-type systems, and the multi-objective optimization of PFC rectifier systems. The second part of this paper is dedicated to a comparative evaluation of four rectifier systems offering a high potential for industrial applications based on simple and demonstrative performance metrics concerning the semiconductor stresses, the loading and volume of the main passive components, the differential mode and common mode electromagnetic interference noise level, and ultimately the achievable converter efficiency and power density. The results are substantiated with selected examples of hardware prototypes that are optimized for efficiency and/or power density.
A Combined DNA/RNA-based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform to Improve the Classification of Pancreatic Cysts and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Arising From Pancreatic Cysts (2023)

PancreaSeq GC was not only accurate in predicting pancreatic cyst type and advanced neoplasia but also improved the sensitivity of current pancreatic cyst guidelines.