gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiences with offering pro bono medical genetics services in the West Indies: Benefits to patients, physicians, and the community (2020)

We describe our experiences with organizing pro bono medical genetics and neurology outreach programs on several different resource-limited islands in the West Indies. Due to geographic isolation, small population sizes, and socioeconomic disparities, most Caribbean islands lack medical services for managing, diagnosing, and counseling individuals with genetic disorders. From 2015 to 2019, we organized 2-3 clinics per year on various islands in the Caribbean. We also organized a week-long clinic to provide evaluations for children suspected of having autism spectrum disorder. Consultations for over 100 different individuals with suspected genetic disorders were performed in clinics or during home visits following referral by locally registered physicians. When possible, follow-up visits were attempted. When available and appropriate, clinical samples were shipped to collaborating laboratories for molecular analysis. Laboratory tests included karyotyping, cytogenomic microarray analysis, exome sequencing, triplet repeat expansion testing, blood amino acid level determination, biochemical assaying, and metabolomic profiling. We believe that significant contributions to healthcare by genetics professionals can be made even if availability is limited. Visiting geneticists may help by providing continuing medical education seminars. Clinical teaching rounds help to inform local physicians regarding the management of genetic disorders with the aim of generating awareness of genetic conditions. Even when only periodically available, a visiting geneticist may benefit affected individuals, their families, their local physicians, and the community at large.
Photolysis of nitrogen dioxide in air as measurement method for light intensity (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotolysis of nitrogen dioxide in air as measurement method for light intensityDonald H. Stedman and Hiromi. NikiCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1973, 7, 8, 735–739Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60080a003https://doi.org/10.1021/es60080a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A parallel computer-Go player, using HDP method (2002)

The game of Go has simple rules to learn but requires complex strategies to play well, and, the conventional tree search algorithm for computer games is not suited for Go program. Thus, the game of Go is an ideal problem domain for machine learning algorithms. This paper examines the performance of a 19/spl times/19 computer Go player, using heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) and parallel alpha-beta search. The neural network based Go player learns good Go evaluation functions and wins about 30% of the games in a test series on 19/spl times/19 board.
New Reflectarray Cells Using Coupled Patches Loaded With slots (2004)

International audience
Applications of hydrotime analysis in seed testing (2004)

Hydrotime is a way to describe the relationship between water potential (\|/) and seed germination rates and percentages. The minimum \|/ that allows germination to be completed is called the base water potential (\|/j,). The ger mination rate (inverse of time to radicle emergence) increases linearly as the seed y increases above i|/i, to its maximum rate in water (\|/ = 0 MPa). As t|q, values vary among individual seeds, germination rates also vary, resulting in lack of uniformity that can be quantified by the standard deviation in t|q, val ues (<3yb)The hydrotime constant (0h) indicates the inherent speed of ger mination in a seed lot. Thus, hydrotime analysis quantifies the speed of ger mination (0h), the stress tolerance of germination (\|/i,) and the uniformity of germination for a seed lot (Cfyj,), which are all useful indicators of seed vigor. Hydrotime analysis of seed lots under diverse conditions allows them to be ranked according to their potential for successful emergence. It is also a valuable tool for developing and assessing seed enhancement treatments such as pelleting and priming. Hydrotime analysis can be simplified into an endpoint test that could be useful for ranking seed lots according to vigor and for diagnosing seed lot potential under stressful conditions. The Hydrotime Concept in Seed Germination The hydrotime concept is a unifying model to describe the patterns of germi nation that occur in response to the water potential (\|f) of the seed's environ ment. It is similar to thermal time, or degree-days, in which the degrees in excess of a base or threshold temperature (Ty), multiplied by the time to a develop mental event (for example, radicle emergence) is a constant. Gummerson (1986) proposed that in analogy with thermal time or degree-days responses in rela tion to temperature, the time to germination is related to the magnitude of the difference between the \p of the seed or environment and the physiological \|f threshold for radicle emergence (\|/&). Interestingly, Gummerson (1986) showed that in the case of germination responses to reduced t\f, the total hydrotime (MPa-hours or MPa-days) to radicle emergence was the same for all seeds in the population, but that individual seeds varied in their threshold \|/ at which radicle emergence would be prevented. The following equation describes the basis of the hydrotime model (Bradford, 1990; 1995): 0H=[V|f-yb(g)]tg (1) where 0h is the hydrotime constant (MPa h), \|/ is the actual seed water potential Kent J. Bradford* Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8631; David W. Still, Department of Plant Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 97168. Original results of D.W.S. supported in part by California Agriculture Research Initiative. ''Cor responding author. Received 19 September 2003.
The effect of phase cancellation on estimates of broadband ultrasound attenuation and backscatter coefficient in human calcaneus in vitro (2008)

Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) is a clinically proven indicator of osteoporotic fracture risk. BUA measurements are typically performed in throughtransmission with single-element phase sensitive (PS) receivers and therefore can be compromised by phase cancellation artifact. Phase-insensitive (PI) receivers suppress phase cancellation artifact. To study the effect of phase cancellation on BUA measurements, through-transmission measurements were performed on 16 human calcaneus samples in vitro using a two-dimensional receiver array that enabled PS and PI BUA estimation. The means plus or minus standard deviations for BUA measurements were 22.1 +/- 15.8 dB/MHz (PS) and 17.6 +/- 7.2 dB/MHz (PI), suggesting that, on the average, approximately 20% of PS BUA values in vitro can be attributed to phase cancellation artifact. Therefore, although cortical plates are often regarded as the primary source of phase cancellation artifact, the heterogeneity of cancellous bone in the calcaneal interior may also be a significant source. Backscatter coefficient estimates in human calcaneus that are based on PS attenuation compensation overestimate 1) average magnitude of backscatter coefficient at 500 kHz by a factor of about 1.6 +/- 0.3 and 2) average exponent (n) of frequency dependence by about 0.34 +/- 0.12 (where backscatter coefficient is fit to a power law form proportional to frequency to the nth power).
NbN Josephson junction with high critical current density for integrated circuits (1991)

An NbN/MgO/NbN Josephson junction with high critical current density for integrated circuits was investigated. The critical current density of the junction in the range of 10-30 kA/cm2 was achieved. The deposition process of the MgO film for the tunnel barrier was investigated. The achieved reproducibility of the critical current density was +or-20%.
Selective Anesthetic Inhibition of Brain Nitric Oxide Synthase (1994)

Volatile anesthetics inhibit brain NOS activity in an in vitro system, but the intravenous agents examined have no effect at clinically relevant concentrations. This inhibition suggests a protein-anesthetic interaction between halothane, isoflurane, and NOS. In contrast, intravenous agents appear to have no direct effect on NOS activity. Whether intravenous agents alter signal transduction or regulatory pathways that activate NOS is unknown.
Integration Challenges and Options of Replacement High-κ/Metal Gate Technology for (Sub-)22nm Technology Nodes (2013)

This work reports on aggressively scaled replacement metal gate, high-k last devices (RMG-HKL), focusing on the scalability challenges faced by: 1) effective work function (EWF) engineering targeting logic high-performance and low-power applications; 2) low-resistance fill-gate metallization for extremely scaled gates with high aspect-ratios; and 3) ultra-thin EOT gate dielectrics with controlled J G , reliability and variability. Also addressed is the need for, and exploration of options compatible with 3D-architecture devices (FinFETs). Key results include controlled TiN/TiAl-alloying and conformal ALD-TiN/TaSiAl for low-threshold voltage (V T ) scaled NMOS, W vs. Co-Al alloy evaluation as fill-metal, and cubic-phase HfO 2 with higher k-value (k=30) showing improved performance and reliability when normalized to J G . Reduction of the bulk high-k dielectric defects, by implementation of an optimized post high-k deposition anneal (PDA), is shown to play a key and dominant role to enable substantial NBTI lifetime improvement in the (sub-)1nm EOT regime.
Rapid and Efficient Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Potassium Trifluoroacetate Enabled by a Flow System (2013)

An die Quelle gegangen: Durch die schnelle Trifluormethylierung von Aryliodiden in einem Strömungssystem sind vielfältige trifluormethylierte Produkte in guten bis ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten zugänglich. Der Prozess nutzt mit CF3CO2K eine bequeme Trifluormethylquelle und hat zusätzlich den Vorteil einer kurzen Reaktionsdauer.
Local Atomic Structure and Electronic State of ZnS Films Synthesized by Using CBD Technique (2002)

We have succeeded in synthesizing ZnS films on substrates such as glass or Si wafer by using CBD (chemical bath deposition) method. These semiconductor films were photocatalytic and showed high productivity of hydrogen gas from the solution containing HS− ions. From observation of SEM/TEM, it was found that the cluster film consisted of 100 nm sized agglomerated particles composed of nano-crystals. The result of EDS analysis for the cross-section of the film prepared by using FIB showed the presence of small amounts of oxygen along with zinc and sulfur. The information of the local quantum structures obtained from EXAFS/XANES analysis suggested that the cluster film has unique atomic-distribution and metastable electronic state different from bulk ZnS and ZnO. Based on the results of the above analysis, the relation between local quantum structures and properties was proposed.
Ligand-Enabled C–H Hydroxylation with Aqueous H2O2at Room Temperature (2022)

With the large number of Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation reactions of native substrates developed in the past decade, the development of catalysts to enable the use of green oxidants under safe and practical conditions has become an increasingly important challenge. Notably, the compatibility of Pd(II) catalysts with sustainable aqueous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> has been a long-standing challenge in catalysis including Wacker-type oxidations. We report herein a bifunctional bidentate carboxyl-pyridone (CarboxPyridone) ligand that enables room-temperature Pd-catalyzed C-H hydroxylation of a broad range of benzoic and phenylacetic acids with an industry-compatible oxidant, aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The scalability of this methodology is demonstrated by a 1000 mmol scale reaction of ibuprofen (206 g) using only a 1 mol % Pd catalyst loading. The utility of this protocol is further illustrated through derivatization of the products and synthesis of polyfluorinated natural product coumestan and pterocarpene from phenol intermediates prepared using this methodology.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin (LtxA) Requires Death Receptor Fas, in Addition to LFA-1, To Trigger Cell Death in T Lymphocytes (2019)

Leukotoxin (LtxA) (trade name, Leukothera) is a protein secreted by the oral bacterium <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i><i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> is an oral pathogen strongly associated with development of localized aggressive periodontitis. LtxA acts as a virulence factor for <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> by binding to the β<sub>2</sub> integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) on white blood cells (WBCs) and causing cell death. In addition, because of its specificity for malignant and activated WBCs, LtxA is being investigated as a therapeutic agent for treatment of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Here, we report the successful generation and characterization of Jurkat T lymphocytes with deletions in CD18, CD11a, and Fas that were engineered using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Using these clones, we demonstrate the specificity of LtxA for cells expressing LFA-1. We also demonstrate the requirement of the cell death receptor Fas for LtxA-mediated cell death in T lymphocytes. We show that LFA-1 and Fas are early events in the LtxA-mediated cell death cascade as caspase activation and mitochondrial perturbation do not occur in the absence of either receptor. To our knowledge, LtxA is the first molecule, other than FasL, known to require the Fas death receptor to initiate cell death. Knowledge of the mechanism of cell death induced by LtxA will facilitate the understanding of LtxA as a bacterial virulence factor and development of it as a potential therapeutic agent.
Frontispiece: Hydrogen Bonding: Regulator for Nucleophilic Fluorination (2017)

One of the most important interactions in Nature, that is, hydrogen bonding, can be utilized for regulating nucleophilic fluorination using two readily available nucleophilic fluorine sources: hydrogen fluoride and alkali metal fluorides. The former comprises HF/DMPU, in which the strong hydrogen bonding acceptor DMPU fine-tunes the nucleophilicity of HF. Within the latter category, the non-controllable nucleophilicity and strong basicity of alkali-metal fluorides can be fine-tuned through hydrogen bonding interactions using various strategies. For more details, see the Minireview by G. B. Hammond, B. Xu and S. Liang on page 17850 ff.
MegaPose: 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects via Render & Compare (2022)

We introduce MegaPose, a method to estimate the 6D pose of novel objects, that is, objects unseen during training. At inference time, the method only assumes knowledge of (i) a region of interest displaying the object in the image and (ii) a CAD model of the observed object. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, we present a 6D pose refiner based on a render&amp;compare strategy which can be applied to novel objects. The shape and coordinate system of the novel object are provided as inputs to the network by rendering multiple synthetic views of the object's CAD model. Second, we introduce a novel approach for coarse pose estimation which leverages a network trained to classify whether the pose error between a synthetic rendering and an observed image of the same object can be corrected by the refiner. Third, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset of photorealistic images of thousands of objects with diverse visual and shape properties and show that this diversity is crucial to obtain good generalization performance on novel objects. We train our approach on this large synthetic dataset and apply it without retraining to hundreds of novel objects in real images from several pose estimation benchmarks. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ModelNet and YCB-Video datasets. An extensive evaluation on the 7 core datasets of the BOP challenge demonstrates that our approach achieves performance competitive with existing approaches that require access to the target objects during training. Code, dataset and trained models are available on the project page: https://megapose6d.github.io/.
Green procedure for the selective recovery of precious, specialty, and toxic metals from electronic wastes (2012)

Recycling rates for precious, specialty, and toxic metals from e-wastes are very low. Most e-wastes are sent to landfills and waste dumps. Much is sent abroad where precious metal content is retrieved, often using unsafe procedures, and the remainder discarded. Small amounts are sent to smelters for recovery of the metal content. In all of these cases, serious health and environmental problems result. Because of the precious metal content, the economic value of e-waste is large and is increasing as product sales grow. Many specialty and toxic metals, e. g., Co, Cu, In, Pb, and Cd are not recovered with resulting potential health and environmental damage when the e-waste is discarded. IBC's Molecular Recognition Technology (MRT) process provides an economic, environmentally safe, and minimal carbon footprint means for selective separation of all of these metals from e-waste streams at the mg/L to µg/L concentration levels. MRT has significant economic and environmental advantages over competing metal recovery processes.
Electrophoretic deposition of nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles into microstructured patterns (2016)

Using DC electric fields, nickel-zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) nanoparticles (Dh =16.6 ± 3.6 nm) are electrophoretically deposited onto silicon substrates to form dense structures defined by photoresist molds. Parameters such as electric field, bath composition, and deposition time are tuned to produce films ranging in thickness from 177 to 805 nm. The deposited films exhibit soft magnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 60 emu/g and a coercivity of 2.6 kA/m (33 Oe). Additionally, the influence of the photoresist mold on the deposit profile is studied, and patterned films with different shapes (lines, squares, circles, etc.) are demonstrated with feature sizes down to 5 μm.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐induced Hydrogen Formation and Photo‐uptake of Oxygen in Colloidal Suspensions of α‐Fe2O3. (1987)

Abstract H 2 evolution and O 2 reduction have been investigated (by means of a solar simulator) for α‐Fe2O3 powders and colloids as a function of electrolyte pH.
Feasibility Study for Evaluation of Control Rod Worth in Pressurized Water Reactors using Neutron Count Rate during a Control Rod Drop Testing (2006)

Applicability of the modified Neutron Source Multiplication (NSM) method with extraction of the fundamental mode to subcriticality measurement has been proposed. Following the feasibility verification in the previous study based on numerical analyses, its applicability has been proven in a more realistic situation; in a withdrawal sequence of control rod banks during the PWR startup. Subcriticalities with various control rod insertion configurations were estimated based on the modified NSM method. The subcriticality could be evaluated with a good accuracy even with the mockup experiment where any special treatments for accurate measurement were not taken into account and furthermore the insensitivity of measured signals by reactivity changes and their large fluctuations were seen. Based on this fact, we further investigated a feasibility to use neutron count rate data obtained during the control rod drop testing, which is carried out before the reactor physics tests at hot zero power condition. When it is proven that these data could be used for the estimation of each control rod worth, the following reactor physics tests could be performed with the advanced knowledge of each control rod worth and procedures for detailed control rod worth measurement could be simplified or eliminated from the reactor physics tests.
WO3/70 % TBHP/Aqueous NaOH: An Efficient Catalytic Combination for the Selective Oxidation of Methylarenes and Alkyl Aryl Ketones to Benzoic Acids (2008)

Abstract A new solvent‐free, reusable catalytic combination consisting of WO 3 /70 % TBHP/aqueous NaOH has been described for the direct oxidation of methylarenes and acetophenones to the corresponding benzoic acids in high yields. Alkylarenes are oxidized to the corresponding aromatic ketones or benzylic alcohols depending upon whether NaOH is used or not.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks):  Combined Comparative Modeling and 3D-QSAR To Rationalize the Inhibition of p110α (2008)

The p110alpha isoform of the class IA PI3Ks was recently genetically validated as a promising target for anticancer therapy. However, up to now, only one compound (PIK75 = 1) has been reported as a very potent and selective inhibitor of this isoform. The lack of a 3D structure for this enzyme has clearly hindered the discovery of new p110alpha selective compounds. In view of this, we combined target-based (homology modeling) and ligand-based (3D-QSAR) approaches in an attempt to define an integrated interaction model for p110alpha inhibition. Twenty-five analogues of 1 were docked within the putative p110alpha binding site, and the molecular alignment generated was subsequently used to derive QSAR models based on scoring function, free energy of binding, CoMFA. and CoMSIA. The predictive power of these models was then analyzed using a challenging test set of 5 compounds. CoMSIA, and particularly CoMFA, models were found to outperform the other methods, predicting accurately the potency of 100% of the compounds in the test set, thereby validating our p110alpha homology model for use in further drug development.