gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error ratio model for synchronised‐OOK IR‐UWB receivers in AWGN channels (2013)

Synchronised On/Off keying (S‐OOK) is a pulse modulation format where timing synchronisation pulses are embedded with each bit in the data stream resulting in a 1.5 pulse/bit format, but allowing for synchronisation and demodulation with a single block. In this reported work, the error ratio for S‐OOK symbols received in a non‐fading AWGN channel is analysed and a mathematical model aware of the physical parameters of a CMOS integrated prototype is introduced. Using this model, the S‐OOK RX sensitivity is shown to be close to that of a high‐threshold OOK RX for similar error‐ratios but assuming perfect synchronisation.
Streptomycin Decreases the Functional Shift to a Slow Phenotype Induced by Electrical Stimulation in Engineered Muscle (2014)

Chronic low-frequency stimulation (CLFS) has long been used to induce a fast-to-slow phenotype shift in skeletal muscle. In this study, we explore the role of frequency (10 and 20 Hz), active time (15-60%), and streptomycin in inducing a fast-to-slow shift in engineered muscle. We found that C2C12 engineered muscle could respond to CLFS with an adult-like active time of 60% and found that a constant 10 Hz train of 0.6 s, followed by 0.4 s rest, induced a partial fast-to-slow phenotype shift. Following 2 weeks of CLFS, time-to-peak tension (TPT) (control [CTL]=40.9±0.2 ms; 10 Hz=58.5±3.5 ms; 20 Hz=48.2±2.7 ms) and half-relaxation time (1/2RT) (CTL=50.4±0.6 ms; 10 Hz=76.1±3.3 ms; 20 Hz=66.6±2.3 ms) slowed significantly in frequency, but not in an active time-dependent manner. Streptomycin significantly blunted the slowing of TPT and 1/2RT induced by CLFS by minimizing the fast-to-slow shift in SERCA isoform. Streptomycin (Nonstim=-42.8%±2.5%; Stim=-38.1%±3.6%) significantly prevented the improvement in fatigue resistance seen in CTL constructs (Nonstim=-58.4%±3.6%; Stim=-27.8%±1.7%). Streptomycin reduced the increase seen in GLUT4 protein following CLFS (CTL=89.4%±6.7%; STREP=41.0%±4.3%) and prevented increases in the mitochondrial proteins succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATP synthase. These data demonstrate that streptomycin significantly blunts the fast-to-slow shift induced by CLFS. In the absence of streptomycin, CLFS induced slowing of contractile dynamics and improved fatigue resistance and suggests that this model can be used to study the mechanisms underlying CLFS-induced adaptations in muscle phenotype.
Vanadium dioxide based broadband THz metamaterial absorbers with high tunability: simulation study (2019)

With their unprecedented flexibility in manipulating electromagnetic waves, metamaterials provide a pathway to structural materials that can fill the so-called "THz gap". It has been reported that vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) experiences a three orders of magnitude increase in THz electrical conductivity when it undergoes an insulator-to-metal transition. Here, we propose a VO<sub>2</sub> based THz metamaterial absorber exhibiting broadband absorptivity that arises from the multiple resonances supported by a delicately balanced doubly periodic array of VO<sub>2</sub> structures and numerically demonstrate that the corresponding absorption behavior is highly dependent on the VO<sub>2</sub>'s THz electrical properties. Considering the phase transition induced dramatic change in VO<sub>2</sub>'s material property, the proposed metamaterial absorbers have the potential for strong modulation and switching of broadband THz radiation.
Catalytic Mechanism and Function of Invariant Glutamic Acid 173 from the Histone Acetyltransferase GCN5 Transcriptional Coactivator (1999)

Within chromatin, reversible acetylation of core histones is critical for transcriptional activation of eukaryotic target genes. The recent identification of intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) catalytic activity from a number of transcriptional co-activators (including yeast GCN5, p300/CBP, P/CAF, and TAFII250), has underscored the importance of protein acetylation in transcriptional control. The GCN5 family is the prototype for a diverse group of at least four distinct human HATs families. Although there is now a clear link between in vivo HAT catalytic activity and gene activation, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of histone acetylation. Herein, we report the first detailed biochemical study that probes the catalytic mechanism and the function of invariant glutamic acid 173 within the GCN5 family of HATs. Our results suggest that the HAT reaction involves the formation of a ternary complex (histones, acetyl-CoA, and enzyme) where the epsilon-amino group of histone lysine residues directly attacks the bound acetyl-CoA. The acetylation reaction requires deprotonation of the epsilon-amino group prior to nucleophilic attack. Employing site-directed mutagenesis, chemical modification, steady-state, and pH-dependent rate analysis, it is demonstrated that glutamic acid 173 is an essential catalytic residue, acting as a general base catalyst by deprotonating the histone substrate.
Effects of Amphiphilic Topology on Self-Association in Solution, at the Air-Water Interface, and in the Solid State (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of Amphiphilic Topology on Self-Association in Solution, at the Air-Water Interface, and in the Solid StateD. Tyler McQuade, David G. Barrett, John M. Desper, Randy K. Hayashi, and Samuel H. GellmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 17, 4862–4869Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00122a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00122a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of some Tin+1AXn compounds (n=1, 2; A=Al or Si; X=C or N) (1999)

The crystal structures of Ti2AlN, Ti3SiC2, and Ti3AlC1.8, studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the P63/mmc space group and the layered nature of these ternaries. The structure of Ti2AlN agrees with that previously determined from analysis of x-ray and neutron diffraction data. Conversely, the crystal structures of thinned Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC1.8 samples differ from the bulk structure as determined from x-ray and neutron diffraction analysis. Since both structures have identical symmetries and lattice parameters, the differences—which involve the shearing of the Si or Al planes in opposite directions—are indistinguishable by conventional transmission electron microscopy. This polymorphic phase transformation in the Tin+1AXn compounds, for n⩾2, is discussed in relation to dimensionally induced hexagonal close-packed to face-centered-cubic phase transformations in Ti-based thin multilayers.
Take-home naloxone treatment for opioid emergencies: a comparison of routes of administration and associated delivery systems (2016)

Naloxone reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression outside of medical facilities has become more prevalent because of the escalating opioid epidemic in the USA. Take-home naloxone for treatment of opioid emergencies is now being recommended by numerous federal, state, and professional organizations. Areas covered: The scope of the opioid overdose epidemic is reviewed along with practical, clinical, regulatory, and usability considerations for take-home naloxone routes of administration currently available and associated delivery systems. Specific opioid-related factors are discussed in detail with emphasis placed on life-threatening respiratory depression and naloxone antagonism. A clinical overview, including pharmacokinetic and FDA approval information for each take-home naloxone product is discussed in detail as well as the impact of take-home naloxone in the community. Finally, given these products are to be used in a panic-stricken, life-threatening opioid emergency, an analysis of available usability data is provided with proposed directions for further study. Expert opinion: Based on the available clinical evidence, auto-injectable naloxone should be the preferred administration route for take-home naloxone treatment until additional safety, efficacy, and comparative outcomes data are available for unconventional routes of administration that unequivocally provide equal or superior results.
Alignment and fusion of visible and infrared images based on gradient-domain processing (2022)

An image fusion of different modal images, such as visible and far-infrared images, is an important image processing technique because different modal images can compensate for each other. Many existing image fusion algorithms assume that different modal images are perfectly aligned. However, that assumption is not satisfied in many practical situations. In this paper, we propose an image alignment and fusion algorithm with gradient-domain processing. First, we extract the gradient maps from both modality images. Then, assuming disparities between the two gradient maps, candidate gradient maps for the target fused image are generated by selecting the gradient having larger power from different modality images pixel-by-pixel. A key observation is as follows. If the assumed disparity is wrong, the fused image includes ghost edges. If the assumed disparity is correct, the single edge is preserved without the ghost edge in the fused image. Therefore, we evaluate the gradient power in the region-of-interest of the fused image with different diparities. Then, we can align images based on the disparity associated with the minimum gradient power. Finally, we apply gradient-based image fusion with the aligned image pairs. We experimentally validate that the proposed approach can effectively align and fuse the visible and far-infrared images.
Genetic and Diagnostic Biomarker Development in ASD Toddlers Using Resting-State Functional MRI (2015)

Abstract : The primary objective of this project is to develop fMRI-based characterizations of functional connectivity networks during natural sleep as a neurologic biomarker for ASD that is suitable for diagnostic use in young children (ages 1-4). Existing neuroimaging and neuro behavioral resources developed by the principal investigators are being mined for ASD relevant biomarkers. Structural and (constrained) functional meta-analyses of previously published, peer-reviewed neuroimaging studies in ASD have been conducted to inform regions of-interest for further hierarchical network modeling. We have thus identified (1)consistent regions of brain overgrowth /atrophy and (2) consistent functional activation differences with social behaviors between ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals. These regions-of-interest will be extended through additional functional meta-analyses, network models will be created, and these models will be applied to primary ASD data.
Using partitioning to help convergence in the standard-cell design automation methodology (2003)

This paper explores a standard-cell design methodology based on netlist partitioning as a solution for the problem of lack of convergence in the conventional methodology in deep submicron technologies. A synthesized design block is partitioned along unpredictable nets that are identified from the netlist structure. The size of each partition is restricted so that the longest possible local net in a partition can be sufficiently driven by an average library gate, hence allowing statistical wire-load modeling for the local nets. The block is resynthesized using a hybrid wire-load model that takes into account accurate wire-load information on the unpredictable nets derived after floorplanning the partitions, and uses custom statistical wire-load models within each partition. Final placement is restricted to respect the initial floorplan. The methodology was implemented using existing commercial tools for synthesis and layout. Experimental results show high correlation between synthesis estimates and post-placement measurements of wire-loads and gate delays with the new methodology. The trade-offs of partitioning, current limitations of the methodology and future work to overcome these limitations are also discussed.
Applied Fluxomics for Metabolic Engineering ofCorynebacterium glutamicum (2002)

No translation.
Fuel Economy of a Multimode Combustion Engine With Three-Way Catalytic Converter (2014)

Highly diluted, low temperature homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion leads to ultralow levels of engine-out NOx emissions. A standard drive cycle, however, would require switches between HCCI and spark-ignited (SI) combustion modes. In this paper we quantify the efficiency benefits of such a multimode combustion engine, when emission constraints are to be met with a three-way catalytic converter (TWC). The TWC needs unoccupied oxygen storage sites in order to achieve acceptable performance. The lean exhaust gas during HCCI operation, however, fills the oxygen storage and leads to a drop in NOx conversion efficiency. If levels of tailpipe NOx become unacceptable, a mode switch to a fuel rich combustion mode is necessary in order to deplete the oxygen storage and restore TWC efficiency. The resulting lean-rich cycling leads to a penalty in fuel economy. Another form of penalty originates from the lower combustion efficiency during a combustion mode switch itself. In order to evaluate the impact on fuel economy of those penalties, a finite state model for combustion mode switches is combined with a longitudinal vehicle model and a phenomenological TWC model, focused on oxygen storage. The aftertreatment model is calibrated using combustion mode switch experiments from lean HCCI to rich spark-assisted HCCI (SA-HCCI) and back. Fuel and emission maps acquired in steady-state experiments are used. Different depletion strategies are compared in terms of their influence on drive cycle fuel economy and NOx emissions. It is shown that even an aggressive lean-rich cycling strategy will marginally satisfy the cumulated tailpipe NOx emission standards under warmed-up conditions. More notably, the cycling leads to substantial fuel penalties that negate most of HCCI's efficiency benefits.
Psychotherapy Process: The Missing Link: Comment on Westen, Novotny, and Thompson-Brenner (2004). (2004)

In this comment, J. S. Ablon and C. Marci argue that focusing on the empirical validation of manualized treatment packages misses important information about what is efficacious about a given treatment. Psychotherapy process has demonstrated that treatments may promote change in ways other than their underlying theories claim. Manualized therapies may appear distinct despite important similarities in dyadic interaction. These functional similarities in the emergent transactional process between therapist and patient may help explain the difficulty demonstrating differential outcomes across brands of brief therapy. Rather than focus on treatment packages targeting patient symptomatology, the authors recommend a shift in focus to the empirical validation of change processes coconstructed by therapist and patient in naturalistic settings.
Absolute alignment of breathing states using image similarity derivatives (2005)

The fusion of information in medical imaging relies on accurate registration of the image content coming often from different sources. One of the strongest influences on the movement of organs is the patient’s respiration. It is known, that respiration status can be measured by comparing the projection images of the chest. Since the diaphragm compresses the soft tissue above, the level of similarity to a reference projection image in extremely inhaled or exhaled status gives an indication of the patient’s respiration status. If the images to be registered are generated under different conditions the similarity with a common reference image is calculated on different scales and therefore cannot be compared directly. The proposed solution uses two reference images acquired in extremely inhaled and exhaled position. By comparing the images with two references and by combining the similarity results, changes in respiration depth between acquisitions can be detected. With normal breathing, the similarity to one of the reference images increases while the similarity to the other one decreases over time or vice versa. If the patient’s respiration exceeds the respiration span of the reference images, the similarity to both reference images decreases. By using not only the similarity values but also their derivatives over time, changes in respiration depth therefore can be detected and the image fusion algorithm can act accordingly e.g. by removing images that exceed the valid respiration span.
In Situ Reproductive Bioassay with Caged Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea): Part 2—Evaluating the Relevance of Using a Molt Cycle Temperature-Dependent Model as a Reference to Assess Toxicity in Freshwater Monitoring (2019)

Active biomonitoring approaches are now recognized as relevant for monitoring water contamination and toxicity. Nevertheless, due to the confounding influence of variable and uncontrolled environmental conditions such as temperature, biological markers measured on transplanted individuals to assess water quality are difficult to interpret. The purpose of the present study is to propose a methodology for adapting a laboratory test of chronic sublethal toxicity based on the molting cycle of Gammarus fossarum to in situ assays. To this end, we 1) adapted the molt cycle temperature-dependent model developed in Part 1 (Chaumot et al. 2020, this issue) to the fluctuating temperatures measured in the field; 2) assessed the predictive power of our approach as a "reference value" from gammarids caged in 9 nonimpacted sites at different seasons; and 3) tested the relevance of our tool to interpret in situ reproductive bioassays from 5 upstream/downstream studies and a large-scale deployment in 12 sites. Our approach based on modeling the progress of gammarid molting cycle as a function of temperature appeared to be a relevant and robust tool for interpreting in situ observations in different environmental contexts in time and space. By avoiding using a "reference" or upstream situation as a baseline from which water quality could be assessed, this approach provides a real added value to water quality diagnosis in biomonitoring programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:678-691. © 2019 SETAC.
Immunohistochemical localization of collagen types I and II in the developing chick cornea and tibia by electron microscopy. (1982)

Monoclonal and conventional antibodies against collagen types I and II were used for immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopic studies of developing chick corneas (5-day-old embryos to adult) and embryonic limb cartilages. Secondary antibodies were labeled with rhodamine or ferritin. We found that the 5-day primary corneal stroma stains uniformly at the light microscope level with both monoclonal and rabbit antibodies to collagen types I and II. At the electron microscope level, the striated fibrils are stained by these antibodies. After invasion by fibroblasts (7-day-old embryos), type I collagen becomes the predominant collagen within most of the stroma, whereas type II becomes progressively localized in subepithelial (Bowman's membrane) and subendothelial (Descemet's membrane) regions. In the adult the only remaining type II reactivity is in Descemet's membrane. In this structure, both the nodes and strands stain positively for type II. In embryonic cartilage, on other hand, type II collagen is organized as nonstriated fibrils. Thus, during avian corneal development, radical changes occur both in the the types of collagens present and in their distribution. In addition, it seems that the same genetic type of collagen can take several morphologic forms, depending on the environment fibrils as well as in the nodes and strands of Descemet's membrane.
Proof-of-Concept Molten Lithium–Selenium Battery (2021)

Most space missions utilize energy storage, such as a rechargeable battery onboard the spacecraft. Therefore, a continuing evolution of battery performance can benefit a wide gamut of space science missions conducted or planned by NASA and worldwide space agencies. Venus presents the most significant challenge to energy storage systems due to a combination of high temperature (465 °C) and the presence of corrosive gases (CO2, CO, SO2, and N2). On a NASA-funded project, a high-temperature (465 °C) lithium–selenium (Li∥Se) battery consisting of an anode of molten Li, a lithium-ion conducting ceramic electrolyte (garnet-type Li6.4Al0.2La3Zr2O12, LLZO), and a cathode of Se have been conceptualized. The proof-of-concept Li∥Se cells were built using baseline cell electrodes, electrolytes, and cell design. The fabricated Li∥Se cell was tested in an in-house built cell holder placed in an argon-filled glovebox. Electrochemical testing includes time-dependent open-circuit voltage measurements across a wide temperature range (230–500 °C) and electrochemical cycling at multiple current rates at 465 °C. Further cell components and design optimization will enable higher current charge–discharge and a longer battery life span over a wide temperature range. In addition, the use of high-energy electrodes will encourage long-duration and safe Venus surface exploration.
Intelligence in wireless network routing through reinforcement learning (2019)

One of the critical challenges in mobile wireless network is resource optimised routing of messages without compromising the performance criteria of the network. Routing in wireless networks has been extensively studied and a variety of routing protocols have been proposed. But these protocols experiences problems due to the dynamism in network topology. To address these problems, reinforcement learning approaches are integrated in routing solutions. This review focuses on the impact of reinforcement learning algorithms to achieve intelligence in wireless network routing. We provide contexts and benefits of applying reinforcement learning paradigm and discuss the major techniques applied to optimise routing solutions. A survey of state of the art reinforcement learning-based routing protocols is presented and categorised these protocols according to the learning strategies. We also provide open issues and suggestions for future research in improving routing solutions.