gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Torsion Torque Control Based on Friction-Backlash Analogy for Two-Inertia Systems with Backlash (2021)

Torsion torque control (TTC) has been studied in applications ranging from industrial robots to electric vehicles. However, its performance is severely compromised when there is joint backlash, causing limit cycles and inducing unstable behavior. This study proposes a stable TTC scheme for two-inertia systems with joint backlash based on an analogy between static friction and backlash phenomena. First, a transformation of the joint torsion dynamics into a first-order system is applied, and a proportional torsion torque controller is proposed. Then, an analogy between the transformed joint torsion dynamics with backlash and one-mass systems with static friction is established. Based on this analogy, a combination of a switched disturbance observer and an impact torque suppression controller is proposed, ensuring rapid control over backlash and stable reengagement with reduced gear collision impact. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experimental results.
VEGFR‐2 Targeted Microbubble Contrast Agents for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis (2009)

Ultrasound molecular imaging is an emerging technique for detecting intravascular targets. We have developed a novel microbubble (MB) ultrasound contrast agent covalently coupled to a recombinant single‐chain VEGF construct (scVEGF), which binds VEGFR‐2 (KDR) on the angiogenic endothelium. Ligand conjugation was first validated with a fluorophore (BODIPY‐cystine), and covalently bound dye was detected by fluorometry and flow cytometry. MB were subsequently conjugated to scVEGF, which bound at ~100,000 molecules/MB (ELISA). Targeted adhesion of scVEGF‐MB was demonstrated with in vitro flow assays. At 0.5 dynes/cm2, scVEGF‐MB exhibited 5‐fold higher adhesion to both recombinant murine VEGFR‐2 and porcine aortic endothelial cells transfected with VEGFR‐2 (PAE/KDR) compared to non‐targeted control MB. Additionally, scVEGF‐MB targeted to immobilized VEGFR‐2 in an ultrasound flow phantom showed an 8‐fold increase in mean acoustic signal relative to casein‐coated control channels. A murine model of colon adenocarcinoma was used to assess targeted adhesion in vivo, and scVEGF MB, but not control MB, showed significantly higher ultrasound contrast signal enhancement in tumors. These results demonstrate the functionality of a novel scVEGF‐bearing microbubble contrast agent, which could be a valuable research tool for molecular imaging of VEGFR‐2. Supported by NIH 1R43EB007857.
Clock Synchronization in Distributed Real-Time Systems (1987)

The generation of a fault-tolerant global time base with known accuracy of synchronization is one of the important operating system functions in a distributed real-time system. Depending on the types and number of tolerated faults, this paper presents upper bounds on the achievable synchronization accuracy for external and internal synchronization in a distributed real-time system. The concept of continuous versus instantaneous synchronization is introduced in order to generate a uniform common time base for local, global, and external time measurements. In the last section, the functions of a VLSI clock synchronization unit, which improves the synchronization accuracy and reduces the CPU load, are described. With this unit, the CPU overhead and the network traffic for clock synchronization in state-of-the-art distributed real-time systems can be reduced to less than 1 percent.
Dual-Mode Electrical-Optical Flip-Chip I/O Interconnects and a Compatible Probe Substrate for Wafer-Level Testing (2006)

We describe low cost compatible electrical and optical flip-chip I/O interconnects to leverage the performance requirements of future high-performance chips. Metal-clad polymer pins are fabricated and assembled to demonstrate chip-to-substrate electrical and optical interconnection. In order to address the complexity of wafer-level testing, a probe substrate designed to interface with the metal-clad polymer pin I/O interconnects is fabricated and demonstrated. The demonstration of these two distinct, yet highly related, advances (novel I/O and compatible probe substrate) addresses some of the key daunting problems facing the semiconductor industry.
Effect of Ejection Fraction on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With Omecamtiv Mecarbil in GALACTIC-HF (2021)

In heart failure patients with reduced EF, omecamtiv mecarbil produced greater therapeutic benefit as baseline EF decreased. These findings are consistent with the drug's mechanism of selectively improving systolic function and presents an important opportunity to improve the outcomes in a group of patients at greatest risk. (Registrational Study With Omecamtiv Mecarbil/AMG 423 to Treat Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction [GALACTIC-HF]; NCT02929329).
AAV-CRISPR/Cas9–Mediated Depletion of VEGFR2 Blocks Angiogenesis In Vitro (2017)

AAV-CRISRP/Cas9-mediated depletion of VEGFR2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for pathologic angiogenesis.
Building power shortest inter-Area TE LSPs using pre-computed paths (2013)

In this paper, we propose a framework to reduce the aggregate power
consumption of an Autonomous System (AS) using a collaborative
approach between areas within an AS. We identify the low-power paths
within non-backbone areas and then use Traffic Engineering (TE)
techniques to route the packets along the stitched paths from non-
backbone areas / backbone area to other non-backbone areas. Such low-
power paths can be identified by using the power-to-available-
bandwidth (PWR) ratio as an additional constraint in the Constrained
Shortest Path First (CSPF) algorithm. For routing the data traffic
through these low-power paths, the Inter-Area Traffic Engineered Label
Switched Path (TE-LSP) that spans multiple areas can be used.
Extensions to the Interior Gateway Protocols like OSPF and IS-IS that
support TE extensions can be used to disseminate information about
low-power paths in the respective areas (backbone or non-backbone)
that minimize the PWR ratio metric on the links within the areas and
between the areas thereby creating a collaborative approach to reduce
the power consumption. The feasibility of our approaches is
illustrated by applying our algorithm to an AS with a backbone area
and several non-backbone areas. The techniques proposed in this paper
for the Inter-Area power reduced paths require a few modifications to
the existing features of the IGPs supporting TE extensions. The
proposed techniques can be extended to other levels of Internet
hierarchy, such as Inter-AS paths, through suitable modifications as
in [11]. When link state routing protocols like OSPF or ISIS are used
to discover TE topology, there is the limitation that traffic
engineered paths can be set up only when the head and tail end of the
label switched path are in the same area. There are solutions to
overcome this limitation either using offline Path Computation Engine
(PCE) that attach to multiple areas and know the topology of all
areas. This document proposes an alternative approach that does not
req ...
Supplementary Figure 4 from Pacritinib Combined with Sirolimus and Low-Dose Tacrolimus for GVHD Prevention after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Preclinical and Phase I Trial Results (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Impact of JAK2/mTOR blockade on human NK cell function and proliferation. A) Graph shows the cytolytic activity ({plus minus}SEM) of NK cells after 4 hours of culture with K562 target cells, while exposed to DMSO, ruxolitinib (lμM), pacritinib (1.25μM), sirolimus 10ng/ml, or a combination of pacritinib plus sirolimus. B) Human NK cells (105 ) were stimulated with a cytokine cocktail of recombinant human (rh) IL-2 (200 IU/ml) and rhll-15 (10 ng/ml), in the presence of DMSO, ruxolitinib, pacritinib, sirolimus, or pacritinib plus sirolimus. Drugs were added once on day 0. Cytokines were replenished on day +3. Bar graph shows NK cell proliferation ({plus minus}SEM) on day +5 of the culture using a colorimetric assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Studies on Antiulcer Agents. IV. Antiulcer Effects of 2-Benzylthio-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-quinazolinones and Related Compounds. (1995)

With a view to finding more effective antiulcer agents, a series of 2-benzylthio-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-quinazolinones and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated in a histamine-stimulated gastric secretion model. The sodium salt of the 2-(dimethylamino)benzylthio derivative (8) showed gastric mucosal protection and gastric antisecretion activities, and was also effective against experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by some ulcerogenic agents. Based on a comparison of the antiulcer properties of 8 with those of the lead compounds (1 and 2) and cimetidine, it appears that, for improvement of antiulcer activity, the reduction of gastric acidity is a more important factor than the reduction of gastric volume output or gastric total acid output.
Inside Cover: An Adaptable and Dynamically Porous Organic Salt Traps Unique Tetrahalide Dianions (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50/2013) (2013)

The discrete [I2Br2 ]2− dianion is obtained for the first time by dynamic rearrangement of a diammonium crystalline salt which loses diiodine vapors under thermal stimulus and thus displays adaptable porosity. In their Communication on page 13444 ff., K. D. M. Harris, P. Metrangolo, G. Resnati, et al. show that the process is driven by the cation/supramolecular anion size-matching, is general, as it affords also the rare [I2Cl2]2− and [I4]2− dianions, and is reversible.
Biomarkers of DNA damage response improve in vitro micronucleus assays by revealing genotoxic mode of action and reducing the occurrence of irrelevant positive results (2021)

We have previously described two flow cytometry-based in vitro genotoxicity tests: micronucleus (MN) scoring (MicroFlow®) and a multiplexed DNA damage response biomarker assay (MultiFlow®). Here, we describe a strategy for combining the assays in order to efficiently supplement MN analyses with a panel of biomarkers that comment on cytotoxicity (i.e. relative nuclei count, relative increased nuclei count, cleaved PARP-positive chromatin and ethidium monoazide-positive chromatin) and genotoxic mode of action (MoA; i.e. γH2AX, phospho-histone H3, p53 activation and polyploidy). For these experiments, human TK6 cells were exposed to each of 32 well-studied reference chemicals in 96-well plates for 24 continuous hours. The test chemicals were evaluated over a range of concentrations in the presence and absence of a rat liver S9-based metabolic activation system. MultiFlow assay data were acquired at 4 and 24 h, and micronuclei were scored at 24 h. Testing 32 chemicals in two metabolic activation arms translated into 64 a priori calls: 42 genotoxicants and 22 non-genotoxicants. The MN assay showed high sensitivity and moderate specificity (90% and 68%, respectively). When a genotoxic call required significant MN and MultiFlow responses, specificity increased to 95% without adversely affecting sensitivity. The dose-response data were analysed with PROAST Benchmark Dose (BMD) software in order to calculate potency metrics for each endpoint, and ToxPi software was used to synthesise the resulting lower and upper bound 90% confidence intervals into visual profiles. The BMD/ToxPi combination was found to represent a powerful strategy for synthesising multiple BMD confidence intervals, as the software output provided MoA information as well as insights into genotoxic potency.
Guidelines for preclinical animal research in ALS/MND: A consensus meeting (2010)

The development of therapeutics for ALS/MND is largely based on work in experimental animals carrying human SOD mutations. However, translation of apparent therapeutic successes from in vivo to the human disease has proven difficult and a considerable amount of financial resources has been apparently wasted. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) for preclinical animal research in ALS/MND are urgently required. Such SOPs will help to establish SOPs for translational research for other neurological diseases within the next few years. To identify the challenges and to improve the research methodology, the European ALS/MND group held a meeting in 2006 and published guidelines in 2007 (1). A second international conference to improve the guidelines was held in 2009. These second and improved guidelines are dedicated to the memory of Sean F. Scott.
Aberrant expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in human mesenchymal neoplasia. (2001)

We previously demonstrated that approximately one-half of soft-tissue sarcomas were devoid of either pRB, the product of the retinoblastoma gene, or 16, the product of the MTS1/CDKN2 gene, while a smaller subset of aggressive mesenchymal tumors without metastatic potential did not express RB by immunohistochemistry. We now studied the expression of two additional important cell-cycle regulators, namely cyclin D1 and p53, in the same cohort of high- and low-grade lesions. In the aggregate, our data provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of cell-cycle deregulation in mesenchymal neoplasia. Paraffin sections of 58 sarcomas and 23 soft-tissue tumors of low malignant potential (STT-LMP) were reacted with monoclonal antibodies against cyclin D1 and p53, using optimized immunohistochemical staining protocols. The staining data were correlated with expression of pRB and p15 and with a variety of pathologic parameters. A total of 33 of 58 sarcomas (57%) and 9 of 23 STT-LMP (39%) overexpressed p53. Fourteen sarcomas (24%) and 4 STT-LMP (17%) overexpressed cyclin D1. There was no correlation between expression of these two genes and histologic tumor type or grade. Loss of RB and loss of p16 or overexpression of cyclin D1 were mutually exclusive events. Considering all four cell-cycle regulators, sarcomas had a significantly higher abnormality rate than did STT-LMP (P < .005). Only 10% of the sarcomas but 39% of STT-LMP showed normal expression of all four gene products. Based on our findings, overexpression of cyclin D1 and (presumably mutant) p53 appear to be among the most common molecular alterations in human mesenchymal neoplasia, and abrogation of cell-cycle control is observed in the great majority of sarcomas; it is present significantly less frequently in low-grade lesions.
Absence of a set of plasmid-encoded genes is predictive of reduced pathogenic potential in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (2014)

The gene content of 14 strains of the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was compared using a DNA microarray. A consistent difference occurred in a block of four genes on the ~36 Kb plasmid, with these being present in six virulent strains and absent in eight strains with reduced pathogenic potential. These genes encoded a predicted radical S-adenosylmethionine domain protein, a glycosyl transferase group 1-like protein, an NAD dependent epimerase and a dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 2-5 epimerase: they may be involved in rhamnose biosynthesis and glycosylation. The absence of these plasmid genes in B. hyodysenteriae isolates is predictive of reduced pathogenic potential.
Effects of S. mutans gene-modification and antibacterial calcium phosphate nanocomposite on secondary caries and marginal enamel hardness (2019)

Secondary caries at the restoration-tooth margins is a main reason for dental restoration failures. Gene-modification for <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and composites containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDMA) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) all have the potential to suppress bacterial acids and promote remineralization. However, there has been no report of their effects on marginal caries-inhibition and enamel hardness. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gene-modification and DMAHDM-NACP composite restoration on enamel demineralization and hardness at the margins under biofilm acids for the first time. Parent <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>rnc</i> gene-deleted <i>S. mutans</i> were tested side by side. The bioactive composite contained 3% DMAHDM and 30% NACP. Mechanical properties and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion releases were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU), MTT, lactic acid and polysaccharide of biofilms were evaluated. Demineralization of bovine enamel with composite restorations was induced <i>via</i> biofilms, then enamel hardness was measured. The dual strategy of combining <i>rnc</i>-deletion with DMAHDM+30NACP: (1) achieved the strongest biofilm-inhibition, with the greatest reduction in biofilm CFU by 6 logs; (2) decreased biofilm lactic acid and polysaccharide production by more than 80%; (3) achieved enamel hardness that was 140% higher than that of a commercial fluoride-releasing composite under 30 days of biofilm acids. Therefore, the novel dual approach of <i>rnc</i> gene-deletion and DMAHDM+NACP nanocomposite is promising to inhibit secondary caries at the margins and increase the longevity of tooth restorations.
Removal of Dyes from Wastewater Using Bottom Ash (2005)

Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash was converted into a low-cost adsorbent, characterized and used for the removal of alizarin yellow, fast green, and methyl violet from wastewater. The percentages of removal of alizarin yellow (1.0 × 10-4 M), fast green (1.0 × 10-4 M), and methyl violet (1.0 × 10-4 M) on this adsorbent were 87.5, 97.0, and 73.0, respectively. In batch experiments, parameters studied include the effect of the adsorbate concentration, pH, sorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time. The optimum contact time for all of the three dyes has been found to be 4 h, while the maximum adsorption was observed at pH 5.5, 5.0, and 8.0 for alizarin yellow, fast green, and methyl violet, respectively. The adsorbent dose has been optimized as 10.0 g/L for the three dyes. Kinetic studies showed a rate of adsorption of first order with respect to the dye solution concentration. Adsorption processes were found to be film-diffusion-controlled for all of the three dyes. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption of the dye−bottom ash systems were also evaluated.
A model of diffusion-limited ice growth inside biological cells during freezing (1994)

A theoretical model for predicting the kinetics of ice crystallization inside cells during cryopreservation was developed, and applied to mouse oocytes, by coupling separate models of (1) water transport across the cell membrane, (2) ice nucleation, and (3) crystal growth. The instantaneous cell volume and cytosol composition during continuous cooling in the presence of glycerol were predicted using the water transport model. Classical nucleation theory was used to predict ice nucleation rates, and a nonisothermal diffusion-limited crystal-growth model was used to compute the resulting crystallization kinetics. The model requires knowledge of the nucleation rate parameters Ω and κ, as well as the viscosity η of a water-NaCl-glycerol solution as a function of both the composition and temperature of the solution. These dependences were estimated from data available in the literature. Cell-specific biophysical parameters were obtained from previous studies on mouse oocytes. A sensitivity analysis showed that the model was most sensitive to the values of κ and η. The coupled model was used to study the effect of cooling rate and initial glycerol concentration on intracellular crystal growth. The extent of crystallization, as well as the crystal size distribution, were predicted as functions of time. For rapid cooling at low to intermediate glycerol concentrations, the cells crystallized completely, while at high concentrations of glycerol, partial or total vitrification was observed. As expected, the cooling rate necessary for vitrification dropped with increasing glycerol concentration; when cells initially contained ∼7.5 M glycerol, vitrification was achieved independent of cooling rate. For slow cooling protocols, water transport significantly affected the results. At glycerol concentrations greater than ∼3 M, the final intracellular ice content decreased with increasing glycerol concentration at a fixed cooling rate. In this regime, the cooling rate at which a critical amount of ice was formed increased as more glycerol was used. When less than ∼3 M glycerol was initially present in the cell, an increase in glycerol concentration was predicted to cause an increase in the final intracellular ice content at a given cooling rate. In this regime, the critical cooling rate decreased with increasing glycerol concentration. These predictions clarify previous empirical observations of slow freezing phenomena.
C3 is Activated in Hereditary Angioedema, and C1/C1‐Inhibitor Complexes Rise During Physical Stress in Untreated Patients (1995)

Seven patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) were studied to understand further how physical exercise may induce attacks. The most pronounced differences between patients and controls, however, were independent of the controlled bicycle run (mean values in patients/ controls); C4(g/L): 0.12/0.28 (P = 0.0122); C4bc (AU/ml): 137.0/18.0 (P = 0.0002); C4d (mg/mL): 5.03/2.35 (P = 0.0004); C3bc (AU/ml): 8.4/6.3 (P = 0.0049); C3a (AU/ml): 11.1/5.6 (P = 0.0102). The ratio C4bc to C4 was 1141 versus 64. Consequently, a substantial part of the low amount of C4 left in HAE patients consists of activation products, and the authors show for the first time that a mild but significant activation of C3 occurs in HAE. The two HAE patients treated with danazol had values of C1-INH function and antigen, C4, and C2 in-between those of normal and untreated patients, and lower levels of split products from C4 and high molecular weight kininogen than untreated patients. As a result of the exercise, fibrinolysis increased significantly in both patients and controls, while C1/C1-INH complexes rose significantly only in the five HAE patients without treatment when compared to the seven controls (P = 0.0089). This study thus suggests that complement activation is enhanced in untreated HAE patients following physical stress.
Wireless Advances and a Feature Topic on Leveraging Drones for Wireless Services (2022)

Many advances are being made as we are marching toward IMT for 2030 and beyond. IEEE Wireless Communications continues to serve as the venue of choice for reporting such advances. Thus, for the year of 2022, the magazine has produced eight special topics, with “Coexistence of Drone and Terrestrial Networks” (organized by Gagangeet Singh Aujla, Harpreet S. Dhillon, Dusit Niyato, and Chiranjib Saha) in the last and sixth issue of 2022. The Guest Editors did an excellent job in soliciting submissions, conducting the review process, and finally selecting five quality articles for inclusion in this Feature Topic (FT).