gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers and sandwiches (1992)

The giant magnetoresistance erect in magnetic multilayers can attain enormous values of more than 65% at room temperature in Co/Cu multilayers containing thin CO and Cu layers 8-10 Å thick. In such structures the saturation fields, which are determined by the anti-ferromagnetic exchange coupling of adjacent Co layers are large, ⋍10 kOe. However since the magnetoresistance (MR) decays slowly with increasing Cu layer thickness compared to the much faster decrease in saturation field, very large room temperature values of MR, exceeding 30%, are obtained for field changes of just 100-300 Oe in Co/Cu multilayers containing Cu layers, about 20 Å thick. Moreover in contrast to structures containing thin Cu layers the MR is less sensitive to the structure or such multilayers. In particular, whereas we discovered that for Co/Cu multilayers containing Cu layers ⋍9 – 10 Å thick the M R is maximized in structures grown on Fe buffer layers - subsequently confirmed by several other groups - the buffer layer plays a less important structural role for structures containing thicker Cu layers.
Defects in bent-core liquid crystals (2022)

Topological defects and defect phases of rigid and flexibly bent-shaped liquid crystals are reviewed with emphasis on how they are affected by the departure of molecular shapes from a simple rod. The review discusses defects in bent-core uniaxial and hypothetical biaxial nematics, twist-bend nematic, and various frustrated layered bent-core liquid crystals, such as twist-grain boundary phase, nanoscale helical nanofilament phase, and the so-called B7 textures with helical ribbons.
Variation Analysis for Rigid Workpiece Locating Considering Quadratic Effects Using the Method of Moments (2006)

Locators are used to constrain and position workpieces. The proper arrangement of locators, i.e., the locating scheme, is essential for both functionality and quality. In this paper, we propose a quadratic method to calculate the positional and rotational variations of a rigid workpiece using the Method of Moments. First, the workpiece geometry is quadratically approximated (hence allowing the inclusion of the linear and quadratic geometry data) to form the nonlinear constraint equations of the locators through a homogenous coordinate transformation. For a deterministic analysis, these highly nonlinear constraint equations can be solved using the Newton-Raphson method. To calculate the workpiece variations due to the locating source variations, the workpiece positional and rotational errors are first quadratically approximated around the locator positions using the Taylor expansion and then calculated using the Method of Moments. The advantage of the Method of Moment for a variation analysis is its efficiency as compared to the time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. Examples are presented to benchmark the proposed method with prior research. By using the proposed method, the quadratic geometry effect and the interactions between locating source errors can be captured and hence the analysis results are more accurate, especially when error sources are large.
Vector-Free Engineering of Antigen Presenting Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Cancer (2017)

Abstract In recent years, ex vivo manipulation of primary cells has shown immense clinical potential with the advent of adoptive T cell therapies. Conventional methods for ex vivo manipulation, however, are not without limitations. They typically rely on the application of electrical fields or exogenous materials such as viral vectors and plasmids, which can increase the potential for cellular toxicity and off-target effects. To overcome such limitations, we have developed an approach using our CellSqueeze Technology that causes temporary membrane disruption as cells are passed through a microfluidic constriction. While the membrane is disrupted, material in the surrounding buffer can diffuse directly into the cytosol. This system has demonstrated efficacy in patient-derived cells, such as stem cells and immune cells, and with a variety of molecules that are difficult to address with alternative methods. In this work, we describe the use of our vector-free technology to deliver antigens directly to the cytoplasm of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to drive potent antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses. Conventional methods for eliciting T cell responses with APCs typically rely on cross-presentation, which can be inefficient and require lengthy cultures. Our results show that murine APCs processed with our CellSqueeze Technology can stimulate enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro and in vivo by at least 3-fold, when compared to responses stimulated by endocytosis controls. Additionally, we show translation of these significant advantages of the CellSqueeze Technology to human APCs, reinforcing the exciting clinical potential of CellSqueeze for adoptive cell therapy.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Synthesis of Ethanol from Biomass‐Derived Syngas (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mid-infrared 2-D Aperiodic Optical Phased Array in an InP-based Platform (2023)

We fabricate a 2-D aperiodic high-resolution optical phased array, which includes a multi-mode interferometer light-splitting tree, thermally isolated thermo-optic phase shifters, and total internal reflection mirror emitters in an InGaAs/InP platform for 2-D beam steering.
Preliminary comparison of monolithic and aperture optics for XRMF (1997)

Comparisons between standard aperture optics and a custom designed monolithic capillary x-ray optic for the Kevex Omicron are presented. The results demonstrate the feasibility of retrofitting an Omicron with a monolithic capillary. Increased flux is observed especially at lower energies which results in an increase in sensitivity and potentially an increase in spatial resolution. Alignment is a critical factor in achieving optimal performance of the monolithic capillary. Further improvements in flux output, spot size and overall sensitivity are expected with better alignment.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Amines to Oximes with H2O2 over TS‐1. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HIV Replication and Latency in a Humanized NSG Mouse Model during Suppressive Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Therapy (2018)

Although current combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART) is therapeutically effective in the majority of HIV patients, interruption of therapy can cause a rapid rebound in viremia, demonstrating the existence of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells. HIV latency is therefore considered a primary barrier to HIV eradication. Identifying, quantifying, and purging the HIV reservoir is crucial to effectively curing patients and relieving them from the lifelong requirement for therapy. Latently infected transformed cell models have been used to investigate HIV latency; however, these models cannot accurately represent the quiescent cellular environment of primary latently infected cells <i>in vivo</i> For this reason, <i>in vivo</i> humanized murine models have been developed for screening antiviral agents, identifying latently infected T cells, and establishing treatment approaches for HIV research. Such models include humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus mice and SCID-hu-thy/liv mice, which are repopulated with human immune cells and implanted human tissues through laborious surgical manipulation. However, no one has utilized the human hematopoietic stem cell-engrafted NOD/SCID/IL2rγ<sup>null</sup> (NSG) model (hu-NSG) for this purpose. Therefore, in the present study, we used the HIV-infected hu-NSG mouse to recapitulate the key aspects of HIV infection and pathogenesis <i>in vivo</i> Moreover, we evaluated the ability of HIV-infected human cells isolated from HIV-infected hu-NSG mice on suppressive cART to act as a latent HIV reservoir. Our results demonstrate that the hu-NSG model is an effective surgery-free <i>in vivo</i> system in which to efficiently evaluate HIV replication, antiretroviral therapy, latency and persistence, and eradication interventions.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> HIV can establish a stably integrated, nonproductive state of infection at the level of individual cells, known as HIV latency, which is considered a primary barrier to curing HIV. A complete understanding of the establishment and role of HIV latency <i>in vivo</i> would greatly enhance attempts to develop novel HIV purging strategies. An ideal animal model for this purpose should be easy to work with, should have a shortened disease course so that efficacy testing can be completed in a reasonable time, and should have immune correlates that are easily translatable to humans. We therefore describe a novel application of the hematopoietic stem cell-transplanted humanized NSG model for dynamically testing antiretroviral treatment, supporting HIV infection, establishing HIV latency <i>in vivo</i> The hu-NSG model could be a facile alternative to humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus or SCID-hu-thy/liv mice in which laborious surgical manipulation and time-consuming human cell reconstitution is required.
A Central Role for RAF→MEK→ERK Signaling in the Genesis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2012)

PDA is diffi cult to treat, in large part, due to recurrent mutations in the KRAS gene. Here, we defi ne rational treatment approaches for the disease achievable today with existing drug combinations by thorough genetic and pharmacologic dissection of the major KRAS effector pathways, RAF→MEK→ERK and phosphoinositide 3′-kinase (PI3'K)→AKT.
Table S2 from The Human CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Daratumumab Shows Antitumor Activity and Hampers Leukemia–Microenvironment Interactions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2. Mean Fluorescence Ratios (MFIR) of CD38 and CRPs&lt;/p&gt;
[Patellar tendon-bone autograft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament for advanced-stage chronic anterior laxity: is an extra-articular plasty necessary? A prospective randomized study of 100 patients with five year follow-up]. (2003)

At the current follow-up of 5 years, this study was unable to demonstrate any advantage of systematic conjunction of an extra-articular lateral support for advanced chronic anterior laxity of the knee treated by a free patellar tendon graft.
Recent advances in the chemistry and applications of high oxidation state alkylidene complexes (1994)

Abstract
Microfluidic systems on a printed wiring board platform (2009)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the development of printed wiring board (PWB)‐based microfluidic building blocks and their integration into systems for DNA amplification and electronic detection.
Obstetrics‐based clinical immersion of a multinational team of biomedical engineering students in Ghana (2014)

Peer Reviewed
Waste to Sustainable Aviation Fuel: How to Recover Refused Carbon and Hydrogen (2022)

Abstract Aviation is one of the sectors, within the transport industry, in respect of which engine electrification is more challenging to be applied. Therefore, it is crucial to develop and widen processes for production of aviation fuel starting from renewable sources. The "Waste to Sustainable Aviation Fuel" process fits this aim perfectly. The peculiarity and novelty of this process is the link between two worlds which usually work apart: the waste conversion sector and the petrochemical/chemical one. In this regard, the waste-to-chemical process is generally composed of different sections: high temperature gasification; syngas cleaning and cleaning; syngas purification; syngas conditioning; and final synthesis. The first section is the core of the process since it is a very flexible technology able to convert unsorted and/or non-recyclable waste into syngas, as well as demolition wood or other residual biomasses. Final synthesis can then follow two different paths: - methanol or ethanol; from both, SAF can be produced. Levelized of costs of methanol and ethanol coming from proposed process are highly competitive, thus leading to a competitive final SAF cost of production. SAF produced from methanol or ethanol coming from the proposed process are eligible for renewable content introduction in aviation sector, according to ReFuelEU directive which is under definition. Following mass balance approach, a fraction deriving from fossil carbon of waste is defined as Recycle Carbon Aviation Fuel, the other coming from biogenic carbon contained in residual materials - not food or feed related - is considered Advanced biofuel. The flexibility on feedstock related to the proposed technology allows to follow markets trends in relation to waste gate fee, residual biomasses cost, and relative market surplus recognized for advanced fraction.
A method for geometrical verification of dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy using a scanning electronic portal imaging device (2002)

In order to guarantee the safe delivery of dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), verification of the leaf trajectories during the treatment is necessary. Our aim in this study is to develop a method for on-line verification of leaf trajectories using an electronic portal imaging device with scanning read-out, independent of the multileaf collimator. Examples of such scanning imagers are electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) based on liquid-filled ionization chambers and those based on amorphous silicon. Portal images were acquired continuously with a liquid-filled ionization chamber EPID during the delivery, together with the signal of treatment progress that is generated by the accelerator. For each portal image, the prescribed leaf and diaphragm positions were computed from the dynamic prescription and the progress information. Motion distortion effects of the leaves are corrected based on the treatment progress that is recorded for each image row. The aperture formed by the prescribed leaves and diaphragms is used as the reference field edge, while the actual field edge is found using a maximum-gradient edge detector. The errors in leaf and diaphragm position are found from the deviations between the reference field edge and the detected field edge. Earlier measurements of the dynamic EPID response show that the accuracy of the detected field edge is better than 1 mm. To ensure that the verification is independent of inaccuracies in the acquired progress signal, the signal was checked with diode measurements beforehand. The method was tested on three different dynamic prescriptions. Using the described method, we correctly reproduced the distorted field edges. Verifying a single portal image took 0.1 s on an 866 MHz personal computer. Two flaws in the control system of our experimental dynamic multileaf collimator were correctly revealed with our method. First, the errors in leaf position increase with leaf speed, indicating a delay of approximately 0.8 s in the control system. Second, the accuracy of the leaves and diaphragms depends on the direction of motion. In conclusion, the described verification method is suitable for detailed verification of leaf trajectories during dynamic IMRT.
Unwinding 20 Years of the Archaeal Minichromosome Maintenance Helicase (2020)

Replicative DNA helicases are essential cellular enzymes that unwind duplex DNA in front of the replication fork during chromosomal DNA replication. Replicative helicases were discovered, beginning in the 1970s, in bacteria, bacteriophages, viruses, and eukarya, and, in the mid-1990s, in archaea. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the first report on the archaeal replicative helicase, the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein. This minireview summarizes 2 decades of work on the archaeal MCM.
Design of high-[Tc] bolometers on silicon membranes for a far infrared imaging array (1992)

We discuss the design of high-[Tc] superconducting bolometers for use in a far infrared imaging array from wave-lengths 30--100 [mu]m. Useful opportunities exist for imaging and spectroscopy with bolometer arrays made on micro-machined silicon membranes.
ChemInform Abstract: General Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure β‐Amino Acids. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of Allergic Reaction by Aerobic <i>Corynebacterium equi</i> Extract, CEF (1982)

Effects of a water soluble fraction of Corynebacterium equi (CEF) on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) were investigated. The treatment of RPMC with CEF resulted in a significant inhibition of the histamine release from RPMC which was induced by IgE antibody-antigen interaction as well as nonimmunological histamine liberators. CEF was much more effective in inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release and compound 48/80 or polymyxin B-induced histamine release when the mast cells were treated with CEF prior to the incubation with the antigen or the liberators. In contrast, CEF was equally effective in inhibition of the histamine release by concanavalin A with phosphatidyl serine when the mast cells were treated with CEF prior to or simultaneously with the liberator. Evidence was also presented that CEF inhibits degranulation of mesenteric mast cells induced by immunological as well as nonimmunological mechanisms.
In OvoAdministration of Innate Immune Stimulants and Protection from Early Chick Mortalities due to Yolk Sac Infection (2018)

Omphalitis or yolk sac infection (YSI) and colibacillosis are the most common infectious diseases that lead to high rates of early chick mortalities (ECMs) in young chicks. Out of numerous microbial causes, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) or extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli infections are considered the most common cause of these conditions. YSI causes deterioration and decomposition of yolk, leading to deficiency of necessary nutrients and maternal antibodies, retarded growth, poor carcass quality, and increased susceptibility to other infections, including omphalitis, colibacillosis, and respiratory tract infection. Presently, in ovo injection of antibiotics, heavy culling, or after hatch use of antibiotics is practiced to manage ECM. However, increased antibiotic resistance and emergence of "super bugs" associated with use or misuse of antibiotics in the animal industry have raised serious concerns. These concerns urgently require a focus on host-driven nonantibiotic approaches for stimulation of protective antimicrobial immunity. Using an experimental YSI model in newborn chicks, we evaluated the prophylactic potential of three in ovo-administered innate immune stimulants and immune adjuvants for protection from ECM due to YSI. Our data have shown >80%, 65%, and 60% survival with in ovo use of cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and polyphosphazene, respectively. In conclusion, data from these studies suggest that in ovo administration of CpG ODN may serve as a potential candidate for replacement of antibiotics for the prevention and control of ECM due to YSI in young chicks.
Polymerization of Propene and 1,3‐Butadiene with Vanadyl(V) Monoamidinate Precatalysts and MAO or Dialkylaluminum Chloride Cocatalysts (2004)

Abstract Summary: Two new vanadyl(V) amidinates have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and 1 H NMR. The complexes are dimeric with Cl bridges and monodentate coordination of the amidinate ligand to pseudooctahedral vanadium. In the presence of organometallic compounds of aluminum, these vanadyl complexes promote polymerization of propene and 1,3‐butadiene. image
Supplementary Table 3 from Cancer-Associated Adipocytes Exhibit an Activated Phenotype and Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasion (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Cancer-Associated Adipocytes Exhibit an Activated Phenotype and Contribute to Breast Cancer Invasion
Clinical Factors Associated With Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2009)

MCPyV infection is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that viral infection is frequently associated with the pathogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma.
Use of immunogold electron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies in the identification of nuclear substructures. (1984)

A cytochemical technique for the ultrastructural localization of unique nuclear antigens is reported. Using a post-embedding indirect immunogold labeling procedure, nuclear antigens in electron-dense regions of the nucleus are localized with a minimum of nonspecific staining. Using this technique and indirect immunofluorescence, a panel of antinuclear monoclonal antibodies is shown to recognize preferentially cell cycle-dependent nuclear substructures. The antigenic domains recognized include specific regions in condensed chromatin, interchromatin granules, euchromatin, and chromosomes. The specificity of antigen recognition is demonstrated with qualitative and quantitative immunogold electron microscopy and immunoblot analysis. These results reveal the existence of previously undefined supramolecular organization within the nucleus and demonstrate the utility of the immunogold procedure when monoclonal antibodies are used.
Robust analog circuit design: a set theoretic approach (2006)

A set theoretic methodology for analog/RF circuit design is introduced that finds robust design parameters as a feasible solution meeting multiple constraints. The parametric design is determined so as to satisfy multiple requirements such as circuit power, device sizes, area, transistor bias conditions, small signal characteristics and other design requirements using the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS). A nested projection structure is utilized to project onto complicated, possibly non-convex constraints. The process variations are stochastically modelled and a further adjustment is proposed on sets to achieve robustness. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by a partial design of a two stage operational amplifier
The Heart Brain Team and Patient-Centered Management of Ischemic Stroke (2022)

The multifaceted connections between the heart and the brain have been extensively studied at the anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical levels. Studies have suggested a vital role for both cardiologists and neurologists in the management of various cardiovascular and neurological disorders. However, a true heart-brain team-based approach remained confined to large, specialized centers. In this paper, we review the various intersection areas of cardiology and neurology with regard to ischemic stroke. We focus our discussion on the challenges and opportunity for a heart-team approach to stroke in the context of atrial fibrillation, carotid disease, and patent foramen ovale, and in the setting of strokes complicating transcatheter endovascular interventions.