gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference identification in cellular networks via adaptive projected subgradient methods (2013)

We develop an adaptive algorithm to estimate a channel gain matrix in cellular heterogeneous networks. This algorithm has the objective of providing important information to interference coordination and management schemes, a crucial functionality of “beyond 2020 networks”. In more detail, we pose the estimation problem as a set-theoretic adaptive filtering problem. In the proposed scheme, the channel gain matrix is tracked with the adaptive projected subgradient method (APSM), a powerful iterative tool that can seamlessly use prior information and information gained by measurements. More precisely, we construct multiple closed convex sets, each of which containing estimates that are consistent with a piece of information about the channel gain matrix. The intersection of these sets corresponds to estimates that are consistent with all available information. In particular, we use the following information to construct the sets: i) physical upper and lower bounds of the path gains, ii) interference bounds for the downlink and uplink communication, and iii) received signal received power (RSRP) measurements. The algorithm produces a sequence of estimates where each term is an estimate that approaches the intersection of the multiple sets available at a given time instant. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm is able to track the channel gain matrix in scenarios with mobile users, and it outperforms standard adaptive filters that do not use prior information.
End-Of-Line Testing (2011)

Testing a manufactured unit at the end of the assembly line is a critical step in the production process. Defective products or even those not matching specification limits closely enough must be separated from the functional units shipped to the customer. Endof-line testing assesses not only the quality of the product, but also the stability and yield of the production process. Reliable detection of non-functional units is the primary objective of the test, but reducing the rejection rate and maximizing the output is the ultimate goal. 100% automatic testing replaces more and more subjective testing by human operators to shorten the production cycle and to improve the reproducibility and comparability of the results. However, objective measurements should provide a comprehensive assessment as sensitive as a human tester using his visual and aural senses. To fully compete with an experienced operator, the objective measurement instrument should also have learning capabilities to accumulate knowledge about physical causes of the fault. Furthermore it should be capable of being integrated in automated lines, robust in a harsh and noisy environment, cost effective and simple to use.
Abdominal MR Imaging at 3.0T: Preliminary Clinical Experience with 2-Point mDIXON as an Alternative to eThrive and Chemical Shift Imaging (2010)

Purpose: To assess a new water suppressed T1-weighted imaging method, 2-Point multi-echo DIXON, in the abdomen at 3T.
Long-term pulmonary function after total laryngectomy (1995)

In 58 laryngectomized patients pulmonary function tests were performed during a routine visit to the outpatient clinic. The assessment of pulmonary function with an extratracheal device could easily and reliably be accomplished in all instances. The results show that in long-term follow-up post-laryngectomy expiratory lung function values are significantly lower than predicted. Of the various subjective respiratory complaints, only a higher frequency of coughing was statistically significantly associated with decreased lung function values (P < 0.01). Neither time since surgery (> 1 year vs < 1 year), nor radiation therapy seemed to be correlated with the pulmonary function outcomes. In contrast, the age of the patient did have a significant influence. Although an age-related decline in pulmonary function is a well documented phenomenon, an additional adverse effect was suggested by the present series in the group who was over 65 years of age. Bronchodilator treatment was found to significantly ameliorate several pulmonary function parameters in a sub-group of 18 patients. It may be concluded, that after total laryngectomy significant abnormalities in pulmonary function have to be anticipated. We have found that these disturbances seem to be more pronounced with increasing age.
Veliparib with frontline chemotherapy and as maintenance in Japanese women with ovarian cancer: a subanalysis of efficacy, safety, and antiemetic use in the phase 3 VELIA trial (2022)

Median progression-free survival was numerically longer in Japanese patients in the veliparib-throughout versus control arm, consistent with results in the overall study population. Pharmacokinetics were comparable between Japanese and non-Japanese patients. Data for the subgroup of Japanese patients were not powered to show statistical significance but to guide further investigation.
Mechanisms of cytochrome P‐450 catalysis (1990)

Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of a wide variety of substrates. Although a large number of P-450s have been characterized in different species and tissues, the mechanisms of catalysis of oxygenation may be understood in terms of a few basic principles. The chemistry is dominated by the ability of a high-valent formal (FeO)3+ species to carry out one-electron oxidations through the abstraction of hydrogen atoms, abstraction of electrons in n or pi orbitals, or the addition to pi bonds. A series of radical recombination reactions then completes the oxidation process. The protein structures are postulated to provide the axial thiolate ligand to the heme, to control the juxtaposition of the substrate (and therefore the regio- and stereoselectivity of oxidation), to alter the effective oxidation potential of the (FeO)3+ complex, and possibly to participate in specific acid/base catalysis in the oxidation of some substrates.
Complete self-calibration compact binary magneto-optic rotator based Mueller matrix polarimetry (2021)

Magneto-optic (MO) based Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) has several advantages of compact size, no-mechanical movement and high speed. Inaccuracies of components in the polarization state generator (PSG) optical parameters will influence the measurement accuracy of MMP. In this paper, we present a PSG self-calibration method in the compact MMP based on binary MO polarization rotators. Since PSG can generate enough numbers of non-degenerate polarization states, the optical parameters in PSG and the Mueller matrix of the sample can totally be numerically solved, which realizes a self-calibration in the PSG. Combining the previous self-calibration method in polarization state analyzer (PSA), we realize a complete self-calibration compact MO based MMP. Based on the numerical simulation results, the errors of measured phase retardance and optical axis of the sample decrease two to three orders of magnitude after applying the PSG self-calibration method. In experimental results of a variable retarder as a sample, the Euclidean distance of retardance between the measurement and reference curves comparing PSG self-calibration with no PSG self-calibration can be reduced from 0.035 rad to 0.033 rad and the Euclidean distance of optical axis can be reduced from 3.39° to 1.51°. Compared with the experimental results, the numerical simulation results more accurately verify the performance of the presented PSG self-calibration method without being influenced by other errors because the Mueller matrix of the sample is known and the error source only comes from these components in PSG.
Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conduction in Li[sub 3]PO[sub 4] Electrolyte for a CO[sub 2] Gas Sensor (2005)

An electrochemical CO_2 gas sensor using Li_2CO_3 and Li_2TiO_3+TiO_2 as sensing and reference electrodes, respectively, and Li_3PO_4 as the electrolyte is the subject of this paper. The sensor response to CO_2 gas showed a systematic deviation from the prediction of the Nernst equation at low pCO_2. Based on the electromotive force (emf) measurement, the transference numbers of Li_3PO_4, a lithium-ion conductor, were estimated for different pCO_2 values, and the conduction domain boundary for Li_3PO_4 separating n-type electronic conduction from ionic conduction was constructed. The conduction domain predicts that change in the Li activity in the sensing side of the cell drives the Li_3PO_4 electrolyte to a mixed (n-type electronic and ionic) conduction region at low pCO_2. Hebb-Wagner dc polarization measurements also indicate n-type electronic conduction in Li_3PO_4 with a mixture of Li_2CO_3 and gold as a reversible electrode. The transference numbers obtained from both the emf measurement and the Hebb-Wagner polarization measurements demonstrate that the origin of the non-Nernstian behavior of the CO_2 sensor is due to the lithium mass transport from the Li_2CO_3-sensing electrode to the Li_3PO_4 electrolyte, resulting in nonstoichiometry of Li_3PO_4 at temperatures above 500°C.
A new method of robotic motion control near singularities (1991)

A new method of controlling robotic manipulators near singularities is introduced. In traditional rate control, a local first-order approximation of the robot kinematics is used, which may fail at a singularity. However, if the approximation is extended to the second-order, it becomes possible to solve for the joint rates. The method presented uses a multidimensional Newton-Raphson technique to solve the resulting set of coupled quadratic equations. The method is presented in conjunction with a description of rate control in the complex domain, which allows for end effector locations outside the manipulator's workspace. Examples are presented for a 6R robot in a singular configuration and for a closed trajectory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Complexity Reduction Schemes for Gibbs Sampling MIMO Detection with Maximum Ratio Combining (2018)

In this paper, complexity reduction schemes for Gibbs sampling multi-input multi-output (MIMO) detection with maximum ratio combining are proposed. In a conventional Gibbs sampling MIMO detection algorithm, the Gibbs sampling is directly applied to a received signal. Thus, a squared Euclid distance between the received signal vector and a candidate symbol vector is calculated as a metric and it requires (2 × No. of received antennas) multiplication operations. On the other hand, in a proposed algorithm, each candidate symbol is updated with a metric calculated by two multiplication operations. However, after each iteration, another metric is also need to be calculated to select the best candidate symbol vector. To reduce the number of multiplication operations, a summation and subtraction metric (SSM) is applied. Furthermore, as an initial transmit symbol vector, a zero vector is applied in the conventional and proposed Gibbs sampling MIMO detection algorithms since the receiver can avoid to calculate the pseudo inverse of a channel matrix. The bit error rate performance and the complexities of these schemes are compared with that of QR decomposition with M-algorithm (QRM)-maximum likelihood detection (MLD). Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed Gibbs sampling MIMO detection algorithm is less complex when the numbers of transmit signals and received antennas are more than 32 × 32.
Study of Back-end DC/DC Converter for 3.7 kW Wireless Charging System according to SAE J2954 (2021)

In a wireless charging system, a back-end DC/DC converter can be used after the coil rectification stage to match the battery charging requirements and to optimize the resonant converter operation. In this paper, a synchronous boost converter is selected according to suggested coil parameters from SAE J2954 standards on a WPT1 3.7 kW power class. This converter is analysed while cascaded to a resonant converter with series-series (S-S) compensation. The semiconductor and inductor losses under hard-switched continuous conduction mode (CCM) and triangular current mode (TCM) are calculated and compared. A benchmark study shows that both the TCM and CCM operations have similar performance of efficiency in constant current (CC) charging profile while TCM has a higher efficiency in the constant voltage (CV) charging profile of a Nissan Leaf EV battery.
EYES WITH SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSITS AND NO DRUSEN (2018)

Eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposits and no drusen >63 mm have significant risk for the development of both neovascularization and geographic atrophy, the fundamental components of late age-related macular degeneration. An intermediate step in some eyes was the development of a vitelliform deposit, an entity not traditionally associated with age-related macular degeneration, but in these patients, the material seemed to be an important component of the disease pathophysiology. This vitelliform deposit was not associated with genetic markers for pattern dystrophy or Best disease.
Fluorophore-Doped Core–Multishell Spherical Plasmonic Nanocavities: Resonant Energy Transfer toward a Loss Compensation (2012)

Plasmonics exhibits the potential to break the diffraction limit and bridge the gap between electronics and photonics by routing and manipulating light at the nanoscale. However, the inherent and strong energy dissipation present in metals, especially in the near-infrared and visible wavelength ranges, significantly hampers the applications in nanophotonics. Therefore, it is a major challenge to mitigate the losses. One way to compensate the losses is to incorporate gain media into plasmonics. Here, we experimentally show that the incorporation of gain material into a local surface plasmonic system (Au/silica/silica dye core-multishell nanoparticles) leads to a resonant energy transfer from the gain media to the plasmon. The optimized conditions for the largest loss compensation are reported. Both the coupling distance and the spectral overlap are the key factors to determine the resulting energy transfer. The interplay of these factors leads to a non-monotonous photoluminescence dependence as a function of the silica spacer shell thickness. Nonradiative transfer rate is increased by more than 3 orders of magnitude at the resonant condition, which is key evidence of the strongest coupling occurring between the plasmon and the gain material.
Islet Allograft Rejection in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Involves the Common γ-Chain and CD28/CD154-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2003)

Once nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice become diabetic, they are highly resistant to islet transplantation. The precise mechanism of such resistance remains largely unknown. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that islet allograft survival in the diabetic NOD mouse is determined by the interplay of diverse islet-specific T cell subsets whose activation is regulated by CD28/CD154 costimulatory signals and the common gamma-chain (gammac; a shared signaling element by receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21). We found that common gammac blockade is remarkably effective in blocking the onset and the ongoing autoimmune diabetes, whereas CD28/CD154 blockade has no effect in suppressing the ongoing diabetes. However, CD28/CD154 blockade completely blocks the alloimmune-mediated islet rejection. Also, a subset of memory-like T cells in the NOD mice is resistant to CD28/CD154 blockade, but is sensitive to the common gammac blockade. Nonetheless, neither common gammac blockade nor CD28/CD154 blockade can prevent islet allograft rejection in diabetic NOD mice. Treatment of diabetic NOD recipients with CD28/CD154 blockade plus gammac blockade markedly prolongs islet allograft survival compared with the controls. However, allograft tolerance is not achieved, and all CTLA-4Ig-, anti-CD154-, and anti-gammac-treated diabetic NOD mice eventually rejected the islet allografts. We concluded that the effector mechanisms in diabetic NOD hosts are inherently complex, and rejection in this model involves CD28/CD154/gammac-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Automatic synthesis of contrast controlled grayscale characters with component-based parametrisable fonts (2003)

A few years ago, a perceptually-tuned grayscale character generation technique was developed in order to automatically synthesize grayscale characters looking like manually-tuned pixmap characters. Weight and contrast controlled grayscale characters are obtained by grid-fitting the scaled character contours. However, this technique requires that hinting information be added to the outline font description. Adding hinting information to each outline character generally requires a considerable amount of human intervention. Our component-based parametrisable font system is a newly developed font description and reproduction technology. It incorporates for each basic character shape a software method responsible for the synthesis of an instance of that character. A given font is synthesized by providing appropriate font parameters to these character synthesis methods. Numerous concrete fonts can be derived by simply varying the parameters. Such variations offer high flexibility for synthesizing derived fonts (variations in condensation, weight and contrast) and enable saving a considerable amount of storage space. This paper shows that with component-based parametrisable fonts, high quality perceptually-tuned grayscale characters can be generated without requiring hinting information. Generating perceptually-tuned grayscale characters with parametrized component-based fonts consists in automatically adapting the phase of some of the character's parameters in respect to the underlying grid and in ensuring that thin character parts are strong enough not to disappear (weight-control).
Stable and secure delay-based physical unclonable functions using device aging (2015)

The modern secure systems are designed to require ultra-low power secure solutions due to their energy constraints. Compared to the classical cryptography approaches, the physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as a novel security primitive with the property of low power/energy, small area, and high speed. Among the family of PUFs, delay-based PUF takes advantage of the process variation on the gate delays. However, it suffers the problem of instability against operational variations. In this paper, we have proposed to use device-aging to improve the stability of the delay-based PUF which induces negligible energy and area cost. We test to compare the stability of PUFs before and after device-aging against temperature and supply voltage variations.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of Alternaria alternata immunotherapy: Clinical efficacy and safety (2007)

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) with fungal extracts has been beset by safety and efficacy problems, which result mainly from qualitative and quantitative variations. Little has been published on the safety and efficacy of these extracts. The objective was to analyze the safety and efficacy of ASIT with an Alternaria alternata extract. A total of 28 patients were selected with rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma because of Alternaria allergy and monosensitization to molds. The patients were randomized to an active ASIT or placebo group, both groups on a conventional immunotherapy schedule (increasing weekly doses until maintenance dose and then monthly doses). Adverse reactions were classified with the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology system. Clinical efficacy was analyzed for a year with symptom/medication diary cards, peak expiratory flow (PEF) measures, clinical severity score, severity of symptoms (visual analog scale), subjective evaluation of treatment by the patient and the physician, and a quality of life questionnaire. Twenty-three patients completed the study; all reached the established maintenance dose with only two mild adverse reactions in the whole sample. Significant improvements were found after 6 months in respiratory symptoms in the active treatment group, and in all symptoms in both groups. PEF increased significantly in the active treatment group but not in the placebo group. The severity of asthma decreased in the active treatment group, and the severity of rhinitis decreased in both groups. Visual analog scale scores for severity of symptoms improved in all phases in the active treatment group, but only after 12 months in the placebo group. Physicians judged the disease course as significantly better in the active treatment group. ASIT with the A. alternata extract was safe, with clinical improvements after one year of treatment.
Plasmonic photoheating of gold nanorods in thermo-responsive chiral liquid crystals (2016)

We report on the thermo-optical properties of gold nanorods (GNRs) dispersed in a thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). We have characterized the CLC reflection band behavior for two different cell thicknesses under the influence of a suitable (resonant) pump beam. It turns out that for the 1.6 μm thick cell there is a suppression of the CLC reflection band for both pure CLC and CLC/GNRs. For the 10 μm thick cell, the presence of GNRs desensitizes the shift of the CLC reflection band to temperature. Suitable cell design enables one to 'turn off' the wavelength shift of the peak reflection, thereby turning the system into a pure amplitude measurement tool. This has implications where the probe wavelength is fixed at a common, single wavelength.
End-of-life issues neglected in India (2005)

As an invasive cardiologist in the US l deal with end-of-life issues almost daily. It is my experience that many elderly patients survive cardiac arrests with a very poor quality of life or in a vegetative state. I have seen too many such patients living a miserable life for months in a hospital or nursing home bed, with the family suffering too. With advances in intensive medical care and life support systems, life can be prolonged indefinitely making it difficult to die in peace.
Exploring the Structure−Activity Relationships of [1-(4-tert-Butyl-3‘-hydroxy)benzhydryl-4-benzylpiperazine] (SL-3111), A High-Affinity and Selective δ-Opioid Receptor Nonpeptide Agonist Ligand (1999)

SL-3111 [1-(4-tert-butyl-3'-hydroxy)benzhydryl-4-benzylpiperazine] is a de novo designed, high-affinity and selective nonpeptide peptidomimetic agonist of the delta-opioid receptor. In a previous report we had described the unique biological characteristics of this ligand and also a need for further structural evaluation.(6) To pursue this, we have introduced a completely different heterocyclic template (2 and 3), which, based on molecular modeling studies, may present the required structural features to properly orient the pharmacophore groups. We also have made more subtle changes to the original piperazine scaffold (5 and 11). The biological activities of these compounds revealed an important participation of the scaffold in the ligand-receptor interaction. To further explore functional diversity on the scaffold, we have maintained the original piperazine ring and introduced four different functionalities at position 2 of the heterocyclic ring (15a-d; a = CH(2)-O-CH(2)-Ph; b = Me; c = CH(2)Ph; d = CH(2)OH). The biological activities observed for these compounds showed a very interesting trend in terms of the steric effects of the groups introduced at this position. A decrease of almost 2000-fold in affinity and potency at the delta-receptor was observed for 15c compared with 15b. This difference may be explained if we postulate that the bioactive conformation of these peptidomimetics is close to the minimal energy conformations calculated in our study. On the basis of these findings we have realized the importance of this position to further explore and simplify the structure of future generations of peptidomimetic ligands.