gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: RING OPENING REACTIONS OF AZIRIDINES WITH ORGANOMETALLICS (1979)

Abstract Aus Styrol (I) erhält man nach bekannten Verfahren die Aziridine (IIa) und (IId) die mit verschiedenen Organometallverbindungen umgesetzt werden.
Intense few-cycle laser fields: Frontiers of nonlinear optics (2000)

The rise time of intense radiation determines the maximum field strength atoms can be exposed to before their polarizability dramatically drops due to the detachment of an outer electron. Recent progress in ultrafast optics has allowed the generation of ultraintense light pulses comprising merely a few field oscillation cycles. The arising intensity gradient allows electrons to survive in their bound atomic state up to external field strengths many times higher than the binding Coulomb field and gives rise to ionization rates comparable to the light frequency, resulting in a significant extension of the frontiers of nonlinear optics and (nonrelativistic) high-field physics. Implications include the generation of coherent harmonic radiation up to kiloelectronvolt photon energies and control of the atomic dipole moment on a subfemtosecond $(1{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{s}=10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}\mathrm{}\mathrm{s})$ time scale. This review presents the landmarks of the 30-odd-year evolution of ultrashort-pulse laser physics and technology culminating in the generation of intense few-cycle light pulses and discusses the impact of these pulses on high-field physics. Particular emphasis is placed on high-order harmonic emission and single subfemtosecond extreme ultraviolet/x-ray pulse generation. These as well as other strong-field processes are governed directly by the electric-field evolution, and hence their full control requires access to the (absolute) phase of the light carrier. We shall discuss routes to its determination and control, which will, for the first time, allow access to the electromagnetic fields in light waves and control of high-field interactions with never-before-achieved precision.
The .alpha.-cyano group as a substituent in solvolysis reactions. An evaluation of inductive destabilization vs. mesomeric stabilization of cations by the cyano moiety (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe .alpha.-cyano group as a substituent in solvolysis reactions. An evaluation of inductive destabilization vs. mesomeric stabilization of cations by the cyano moietyPaul G. Gassman and John J. TalleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 3, 1214–1216Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00523a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00523a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of permanent magnet - synchronous and permanent magnet - flux switching machines for fault tolerant drive systems (2010)

Flux switching machines are quickly gaining popularity due their inherent advantages stemming from having both the current conductors and permanent magnets mounted on the stationary side of the electrical machine. Their power density has already been shown to be comparable to that of permanent magnet synchronous machines, however their fault tolerant capabilities are somewhat limited in their standard form. This paper looks at a novel design of a fault tolerant flux switching permanent magnet machine able to operate with both open circuit and short circuit winding faults and compares its healthy and faulty performance to a fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous machine.
The Potent Anticancer Compound Ecteinascidin‐743 (ET‐743) as Its 2‐Propanol Disolvate. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gaussian Processes for RSS Fingerprints Construction in Indoor Localization (2018)

Location-based applications attract more and more attention in recent years. Examples of such applications include commercial advertisements, social networking software and patient monitoring. The received signal strength (RSS) based location fingerprinting is one of the most popular solutions for indoor localization. However, there is a big challenge in collecting and maintaining a relatively large RSS fingerprint database. In this work, we propose and compare two algorithms namely, the Gaussian process (GP) and Gaussian process with variogram, to estimate and construct the RSS fingerprints with incomplete data. The fingerprint of unknown reference points is estimated based on measurements at a limited number of surrounding locations. To validate the effectiveness of both algorithms, experiments using Bluetooth-low-energy (BLE) infrastructure have been conducted. The constructed RSS fingerprints are compared to the true measurements, and the result is analyzed. Finally, using the constructed fingerprints, the localization performance of a probabilistic fingerprinting method is evaluated.
Neutrophil recruitment and function in endometriosis patients and a syngeneic murine model (2019)

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory, gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue lesions outside of the uterus. Neutrophils are elevated in the systemic circulation and peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients; however, whether and how neutrophils contribute to endometriosis pathophysiology remain poorly understood. With emerging roles for neutrophils in chronic and sterile inflammatory conditions, we sought to provide in-depth characterization of neutrophil involvement in endometriosis. We demonstrate that neutrophils reside within patient endometriotic lesions and that patient lesions possess a microenvironment that may influence neutrophil recruitment and function. We also provide the first evidence that systemic circulating neutrophils from endometriosis patients display distinct transcriptomic differences compared neutrophils from healthy control subjects. Time course characterization of our syngeneic, immunocompetent mouse model of endometriosis revealed that neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the peritoneal environment early after endometriotic lesion establishment and remain present in murine lesions long term. In vivo neutrophil depletion altered the systemic and peritoneal immune microenvironment of mice with endometriosis as demonstrated by changes in pro-inflammatory and angiogenic mediators. Taken together, these findings highlight a novel role for neutrophils in early events such as angiogenesis and modulation of the local inflammatory environment associated with endometriosis pathogenesis.
Modeling of Dynamic Operation of T-RAM Cells (2015)

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation analysis of the dynamic operation of T-RAM cells. The analysis addresses the evolution of cell electrostatics and of carrier concentrations and flows in the device when the gate voltage undergoes a fast low-to-high switch, as required by both read and write operations. The results clarify, first of all, the basic physics making holes in the p-base the physical element allowing information storage in the device. From this starting point, the working principles exploited for DRAM operation of the memory cell are then explained.
Solid-state photocatalysis for plastics abatement: A review (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a dramatic increase in plastic wastes associated with the use of single-use masks, gloves, gowns, and other personal protective equipment (PPE). The accumulation of PPE, especially single-use masks, end up polluting environment, causing harm mainly to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Due to the enormous concern about plastic pollution, many efforts are being made to develop efficient technologies to tackle it, among which solid-state photocatalysis is highlighted. Even though the outstanding results that have been obtained with the solid-state application of photocatalysis, there are fewer publications and reports on the use of it in comparison with aqueous and/or gaseous phase photocatalysis. Then, this review presents the most relevant works published on this topic and provide an in-depth analysis of solid-state photocatalysis for plastic abatement, including the incorporation of the usually hydrophilic photocatalyst into the hydrophobic plastic matrix, the common experimental procedures for evaluating its effectiveness (gravimetric, optical, spectroscopic, and mechanical methods) and the description of the intricate reaction mechanism suggested so far. The aim is increasing the awareness on this innovative topic among the academic/industrial community and advancing the research thereon.
GlidarCo: gait recognition by 3D skeleton estimation and biometric feature correction of flash lidar data (2019)

Gait recognition using noninvasively acquired data has been attracting an increasing interest in the last decade. Among various modalities of data sources, it is experimentally found that the data involving skeletal representation are amenable for reliable feature compaction and fast processing. Model-based gait recognition methods that exploit features from a fitted model, like skeleton, are recognized for their view and scale-invariant properties. We propose a model-based gait recognition method, using sequences recorded by a single flash lidar. Existing state-of-the-art model-based approaches that exploit features from high quality skeletal data collected by Kinect and Mocap are limited to controlled laboratory environments. The performance of conventional research efforts is negatively affected by poor data quality. We address the problem of gait recognition under challenging scenarios, such as lower quality and noisy imaging process of lidar, that degrades the performance of state-of-the-art skeleton-based systems. We present GlidarCo to attain high accuracy on gait recognition under the described conditions. A filtering mechanism corrects faulty skeleton joint measurements, and robust statistics are integrated to conventional feature moments to encode the dynamic of the motion. As a comparison, length-based and vector-based features extracted from the noisy skeletons are investigated for outlier removal. Experimental results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in improving gait recognition given noisy low resolution lidar data.
Mixed Reality Spatial Computing in a Remote Learning Classroom (2020)

We present a case study on the use of mixed reality (MR) spatial computing in a fully remote classroom. We conducted a 10-week undergraduate class fully online, using a combination of traditional teleconferencing software and MR spatial computing (Magic Leap One headsets) using an avatar-mediated social interaction application (Spatial). The class culminated in a virtual poster session, using Spatial in MR to present project results, and we conducted a preliminary investigation of students experiences via interviews and questionnaires. Students reported that they had a good experience using MR for the poster session and that they thought it provided advantages over 2D video conferencing. Particular advantages cited were a stronger sense that they were in the presence of other students and instructors, an improved ability to tell where others were directing their attention, and a better ability to share 3D project content and collaborate.
Extraction and isolation of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. (1989)

A number of diverse approaches have been devised to bring about the efficient extraction and isolation of glycoproteins and proteoglycans from biological tissues. Many of these approachs are general procedures that can also be used for the extraction of nonglycoproteins from cells or tissues. Others, such as lectin affinity chromatography, take advantage of specialized structures found only on discrete sub-classes of glycoproteins. Unfortunately, the development of a protocol suitable for the purification of a given glycoprotein of interest remains largely empirical. This article presents a general overview of some of the potential strategies that can be utilized in the development of new isolation procedures and attempts to point out some of the possible pitfalls that may be encountered.
Quantum Interference and Substantial Property Tuning in Conjugated Z-ortho-Regio-Resistive Organic (ZORRO) Junctions (2019)

Coherence is a significant factor in nanoscale electronic insulator technology and necessitates an understanding of the structure-property relationship between constructive and destructive quantum interference. This is particularly important in organic dielectric circuitry, which is the subject of this work. It is known that molecular wires composed of (i) meta-substituted phenylene rings, (ii) cross-conjugated double bonds (orthogonal to the molecular long axis), and (iii) single bonds can dramatically reduce electrical transmission. Here we add to these tools the use of an unexplored molecular shape to create strong and counterintuitive interference: a fully conjugated molecular wire with a structure that is forced back on itself in a Z shape, thereby exhibiting remarkably low conductance (<i>G</i> = 0.43 × 10<sup>-9</sup> S) even though the phenylene arrangements are ortho- rather than meta-disposed. We call these Z-shaped molecules having ultralow conduction <i>Z</i>-<i>ortho</i>-regio-resistive organics (ZORROs). Here we analyze a series of ZORRO molecules and find them to have significant insulating properties in the coherent electron-transport regime due to interfering transmission pathways in the phenylene rings. Importantly, we find that both electron-withdrawing (fluorine) and electron-donating (methoxy) substituents enhance the transmission, which is not desirable. The former is due to the suppression of the destructive quantum interference at the F site, thereby enhancing the overall transmission, much like a Büttiker probe. The latter is due to a methoxy unit resonance additive effect, akin to oxygen doping, and positively contributes to the transmission. We then examine the effects of replacing the phenylene rings with 4,5- and 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes and how this ZORRO modification further reduces the transmission. An ultralow conductance of 0.13 × 10<sup>-9</sup> S and a relatively high dielectric constant (ε<sub>r</sub>) of ∼5 are predicted for the 3,4-thiophene ZORRO derivative, which closely resembles two cross-conjugated units, making it an intriguing candidate for a gate dielectric material.
Contract Discovery: Dataset and a Few-Shot Semantic Retrieval Challenge with Competitive Baselines (2020)

Łukasz Borchmann, Dawid Wisniewski, Andrzej Gretkowski, Izabela Kosmala, Dawid Jurkiewicz, Łukasz Szałkiewicz, Gabriela Pałka, Karol Kaczmarek, Agnieszka Kaliska, Filip Graliński. Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020. 2020.
Visual sentiment analysis on twitter data streams (2011)

Twitter currently receives about 190 million tweets (small text-based Web posts) a day, in which people share their comments regarding a wide range of topics. A large number of tweets include opinions about products and services. However, with Twitter being a relatively new phenomenon, these tweets are underutilized as a source for evaluating customer sentiment. To explore high-volume twitter data, we introduce three novel time-based visual sentiment analysis techniques: (1) topic-based sentiment analysis that extracts, maps, and measures customer opinions; (2) stream analysis that identifies interesting tweets based on their density, negativity, and influence characteristics; and (3) pixel cell-based sentiment calendars and high density geo maps that visualize large volumes of data in a single view. We applied these techniques to a variety of twitter data, (e.g., movies, amusement parks, and hotels) to show their distribution and patterns, and to identify influential opinions.
The Novel Imidazoline Compound BL11282 Potentiates Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells in the Absence of Modulation of KATP Channel Activity (2001)

The insulinotropic activity of the novel imidazoline compound BL11282 was investigated. Intravenous administration of BL11282 (0.3 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) to anesthetized rats did not change blood glucose and insulin levels under basal conditions, but produced a higher increase in blood insulin levels and a faster glucose removal from the blood after glucose infusion. Similarly, in isolated Wistar rat pancreatic islets, 0.1-100 micromol/l BL11282 potently stimulated glucose-induced insulin secretion but did not modulate basal insulin secretion. Unlike previously described imidazolines, BL11282 did not block ATP-dependent K+ channels. Furthermore, the compound stimulated insulin secretion in islets depolarized with high concentrations of KCl or permeabilized with electric shock. Insulinotropic activity of BL11282 was dependent on activity of protein kinases A and C. In pancreatic islets from spontaneously diabetic GK rats, the imidazoline compound restored the impaired insulin response to glucose. In conclusion, the imidazoline BL11282 constitutes a new class of insulinotropic compounds that exerts an exclusive glucose-dependent insulinotropic activity in pancreatic islets by stimulating insulin exocytosis.
Temporal classification of natural gesture and application to video coding (2002)

A method for the temporal classification of natural gesture from video imagery is presented. The work is motivated by recent developments in the theory of natural gesture which have identified several key temporal aspects of gesture important to communication. In particular gesticulation during conversation can be coarsely characterized as periods of bi-phasic or tri-phasic gesture separated by a rest state. We first present an automatic procedure for hypothesizing plausible rest state configurations of a speaker. Second, we develop a state-based parsing algorithm used to both select among candidate rest states and to parse an incoming video stream into bi-phasic and tri-phasic gestures. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the bi-phasic/tri-phasic labeling to select semantically significant static images for low bandwidth coding of video of story-telling speakers.
A 65nm 1Gb 2b/Cell NOR Flash with 2.25MB/s Program Throughput and 400MB/s DDR interface (2007)

A 1.8V 1 Gb 2b/cell NOR flash memory is based on a time-domain voltage-ramp reading concept and designed in a 65nm technology. The program method, architecture and algorithm to reach 2.25MB/S programming throughput are presented. The read concept allows 70ns random access time and a 400MB/S sustained read throughput via a DDR interface
Human plasma cells express granzyme B (2013)

While studying the plasma cell (PC) compartment in human tonsils, we identified that immunoglobulin kappa or lambda chain-expressing PCs are the main cells expressing granzyme B (GrzB). In vitro studies revealed that activated B cells differentiated into GrzB-expressing PCs when co-cultured with macrophages and follicular helper T cells. This effect could be reproduced on combined stimulation of IL-15 (produced by macrophages) and IL-21 (produced by T follicular helper cells) in a STAT3-dependent manner. Whereas IL-21 triggers the transcription of mRNA of GrzB, IL-15 synergizes the translation of GrzB proteins. The precise role of GrzB in PC biology remains to be understood and studies in mice will not help as their PCs do not express GrzB.
Displacement amplitude scaling of a two-dimensional synthetic jet (2005)

A two-dimensional synthetic jet is studied numerically by solving the incompressible, unsteady, Reynolds-averaged, Navier–Stokes equations and using a k-ϵ turbulence model. Rather than a resonant cavity, the synthetic jet is supplied by a fully developed channel flow. Results for two exit geometries, a sharp exit and a rounded exit, and several dimensionless stroke lengths are compared. This study focuses on the effect of the displacement amplitude (stroke length) on the power required to form the jet, the net momentum flux downstream of the exit, the formation threshold, and the spatial development of the synthetic jet. It is shown that the channel flow development length, the self-similar region, and the region from which the jet draws fluid all scale on the stroke length. It is also demonstrated that the power required to form the jet increases with stroke length as does the resultant momentum flux. Finally, the power required to form a synthetic jet is significantly smaller for a rounded exit compared to a sharp-edged exit.
Bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in bacillary colonization of the respiratory tract. (1980)

Bacterial colonization of mucosal surfaces may be mediated by bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. To study the role of adherence in gram-negative bacillary colonization of the upper respiratory tract, we studied 32 noncolonized patients undergoing elective surgery. Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 other bacilli to patients' buccal cells in vitro was studied pre- and postoperatively; results were correlated with occurrence of bacillary colonization of the oropharynx in vivo. Adherence of all species was similar. Preoperatively, mean +/- SD adherence was 4.3 +/- 2.0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa/cell. Postoperatively, adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exceeded 8.3 (preoperative mean + 2 SD) bacilli/cell in 16 patients, 11 (69%) of whom became colonized. None of 16 patients whose cells adhered fewer than 8.3 bacilli/cell postoperatively became colonized. Buccal cell binding of 3H-concanavalin A was increased both pre- and postoperatively among patients who became colonized. Gram-negative bacillary colonization of the upper respiratory tract is associated with increased adherence of bacilli to buccal cells. Epithelial cell binding may provide the mechanism whereby ill patients are rendered susceptible to colonization.