gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced anti-slip and anti-skid re-adhesion control considering air brake for electric train (2005)

The improvement of adhesion characteristics is important in electric commuter train. We have already proposed the anti-slip/skid re-adhesion control system based on disturbance observer and sensor-less vector control. Generally, the actual train uses both electric brake and air brake in the high-speed range. Then, this paper discuss on an anti-skid re-adhesion control system of electric train considering air brake by using the tangential force estimator based on disturbance observer. We apply the proposed method to the actual electric multiple units, which are series 205-5000. The experimental results using actual electric train point out that the proposed system has the desired anti-slip and anti-skid re-adhesion control performance
A 24 GHz, 18 dBm Fully Integrated Power Amplifier in a 0.13μm SiGe HBT Technology (2008)

International audience
A workflow for simplified analysis of ATAC-cap-seq data in R (2018)

Our package allows a nonspecialist user to easily and effectively apply methods appropriate to the analysis of ATAC-cap-seq in a reproducible manner. The package is implemented in pure R and is fully interoperable with common workflows in Bioconductor.
EVALUATION OF PULL-OFF STRENGTH AND SEATING DISPLACEMENT OF REVISION CERAMIC HEADS AND TAPER ADAPTER SLEEVES IN MODULAR HIP ARTHROPLASTY (2018)

Introduction Ceramic heads are used in hip revision surgery to mitigate corrosion concerns. Manufacturers recommend using a pristine titanium sleeve in conjunction with a well-fixed metal stem to p...
FLOX® Combustion at High Power Density and High Flame Temperatures (2010)

In this contribution, an overview of the progress in the design of an enhanced FLOX® burner is given. A fuel flexible burner concept was developed to fulfill the requirements of modern gas turbines: high specific power density, high turbine inlet temperature, and low NOx emissions. The basis for the research work is numerical simulation. With the focus on pollutant emissions, a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism is used in the calculations. A novel mixing control concept, called HiPerMix®, and its application in the FLOX® burner are presented. In view of the desired operational conditions in a gas turbine combustor, this enhanced FLOX® burner was manufactured and experimentally investigated at the DLR test facility. In the present work, experimental and computational results are presented for natural gas and natural gas+hydrogen combustion at gas turbine relevant conditions and high adiabatic flame temperatures (up to Tad=2000 K). The respective power densities are PA=13.3 MW/m2 bar (natural gas (NG)) and PA=14.8 MW/m2 bar(NG+H2), satisfying the demands of a gas turbine combustor. It is demonstrated that the combustion is complete and stable and that the pollutant emissions are very low.
Current Limiting and Normal Operation Characteristics of Parallel Connected Fault Current Limiting Elements with YBCO Films (2004)

Fault current limiting experiments were performed for parallel connected fault current limiting elements (FCL) which were arranged polygonal and on plane. It is found that the arrangement didn’t depend on the current limiting characteristics. The current re-distribution was observed at early stage of quench, and it is found that the current re-distribution accelerate the quench. Moreover, the normal operation tests were carried out for the parallel connected FCL, and the loss of the polygonal arrangement was about 1/5 comparing that of the on plane arrangement. Therefore, the advantage of the polygonal arrangement was confirmed.
Energetics of chloride secretion in canine tracheal epithelium. Comparison of the metabolic cost of chloride transport with the metabolic cost of sodium transport. (1984)

Canine tracheal epithelium secretes Cl and absorbs Na; the energy for both is derived from the activity of the basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase. These properties allowed us to examine the energetics of Cl secretion by directly comparing the metabolic cost of Cl transport with the metabolic cost of Na transport. We measured the change in short-circuit current and O2 consumption rate that was produced by a variety of maneuvers that alter Na and/or Cl transport rate. The experimental interventions included the use of the secretagogue epinephrine, the Cl transport inhibitor bumetanide, the Na transport inhibitor amiloride, the Na-K-ATPase inhibitor ouabain, and ion substitutions. The O2 consumption rates required for Na and Cl transport were compared in each individual tissue. The results indicate that the oxygen cost of Cl transport is significantly less than the oxygen cost of Na transport: two to four Cl ions are transported for the same metabolic cost that is required to transport one Na ion. These findings suggest that the basolateral membrane Na-dependent Cl entry step couples the entry of more than one Cl ion to each Na ion.
Anionized Molecule (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Visually Grounded VQA by Lattice-based Retrieval (2022)

Visual Grounding (VG) in Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems describes how well a system manages to tie a question and its answer to relevant image regions. Systems with strong VG are considered intuitively interpretable and suggest an improved scene understanding. While VQA accuracy performances have seen impressive gains over the past few years, explicit improvements to VG performance and evaluation thereof have often taken a back seat on the road to overall accuracy improvements. A cause of this originates in the predominant choice of learning paradigm for VQA systems, which consists of training a discriminative classifier over a predetermined set of answer options. In this work, we break with the dominant VQA modeling paradigm of classification and investigate VQA from the standpoint of an information retrieval task. As such, the developed system directly ties VG into its core search procedure. Our system operates over a weighted, directed, acyclic graph, a.k.a. "lattice", which is derived from the scene graph of a given image in conjunction with region-referring expressions extracted from the question. We give a detailed analysis of our approach and discuss its distinctive properties and limitations. Our approach achieves the strongest VG performance among examined systems and exhibits exceptional generalization capabilities in a number of scenarios.
FedPerm: Private and Robust Federated Learning by Parameter Permutation (2022)

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enables mutually untrusting clients to collaboratively train a common machine learning model. Client data privacy is paramount in FL. At the same time, the model must be protected from poisoning attacks from adversarial clients. Existing solutions address these two problems in isolation. We present FedPerm, a new FL algorithm that addresses both these problems by combining a novel intra-model parameter shuffling technique that amplifies data privacy, with Private Information Retrieval (PIR) based techniques that permit cryptographic aggregation of clients' model updates. The combination of these techniques further helps the federation server constrain parameter updates from clients so as to curtail effects of model poisoning attacks by adversarial clients. We further present FedPerm's unique hyperparameters that can be used effectively to trade off computation overheads with model utility. Our empirical evaluation on the MNIST dataset demonstrates FedPerm's effectiveness over existing Differential Privacy (DP) enforcement solutions in FL.
The influence of the size and shape of grid blocks in representing geological heterogeneity (1993)

Traditionally, the size and shape of grid blocks owe more to the limitations of numerical simulation procedures than to any consideration of geological heterogeneity. Geological systems, and hence associated permeability and porosity fields, are inherently complex, being characterized by nested levels of heterogeneity. Moreover, for directionally dependent variables, such as permeability, a heterogeneous nature at smalt scales will lead directly to anisotropy in &apos;average&apos; values at larger scales. The representation of complex geology as single horizontal and vertical permeability values has long been recognized as a (necessary) simplification. Recent advances in stochastic modelling have vastly improved the representation of complex geology in unknown interwell regions. The high level of detail provided such models often requires several million grid blocks, which in turn must be upscaled for input into flow simulations.
Subsynchronous oscillation monitoring and alarm method based on phasor measurements (2020)

Owing to the large-scale grid connection of new energy sources, several installed power electronic devices introduce sub-/supersynchronous inter-harmonics into power signals, resulting in the frequent occurrence of subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs). The SSOs may cause significant harm to generator sets and power systems; thus, online monitoring and accurate alarms for power systems are crucial for their safe and stable operation. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can realize the dynamic real-time monitoring of power systems. Based on PMU phasor measurements, this study proposes a method for SSO online monitoring and alarm implementation for the main station of a PMU. First, fast Fourier transform frequency spectrum analysis is performed on PMU current phasor amplitude data to obtain subsynchronous frequency components. Second, the support vector machine learning algorithm is trained to obtain the amplitude threshold and subsequently filter out safe components and retain harmful ones. Finally, the adaptive duration threshold is determined according to frequency susceptibility, amplitude attenuation, and energy accumulation to decide whether to transmit an alarm signal. Experiments based on field data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Vitamin E intake and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) rs662 genetic polymorphism are associated with colorectal cancer risk in a Korean population (2023)

Vitamin E and paraoxonase 1 (<i>PON1</i>) are associated with cancer development. However, their interactive effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is inconclusive. We conducted a case-control study including 1,351 CRC patients and 2,670 controls at the Korean National Cancer Centre (KNCC). There was an inverse association between vitamin E intake and CRC risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-0.42). We identified a reduced CRC risk among individuals with CC genotype of <i>PON1</i> rs662 polymorphism compared with subjects carrying the T allele (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.61-0.90). The highest interaction between vitamin E intake and <i>PON1</i> rs662 variants was significant for the subjects carrying the CC genotype (<i>p</i>-interaction = 0.014). This study provided further supporting evidence that vitamin E intake is associated with lower odds of CRC. Furthermore, the activity of vitamin E is strengthened among individuals carrying C allele of the <i>PON1</i> rs662 polymorphism.
Enantioselective synthesis of homoallylic alcohols using(E)-but-2-enyl-trichlorosilane and chiral diamines (1997)

Condensation of aromatic aldehydes and (E)-but-2-enyl- trichlorosilane in the presence of (S)-(+)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-pyridinyl)-2-oxazoline gives the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in excellent anti-diastereoselectivity (>99%) and good enantioselectivity (36–74%).
Correction: Sustainable process for the preparation of potassium sulfate by electrodialysis and its concentration and purification by a nanofiltration process (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C6RA14303B.].
The synthetic loading of three-phase induction motors using microprocessor controlled power electronics (2002)

The paper describes methods of loading three-phase induction motors, without the need to connect a load to the machine's drive shaft. Three methods are described and compared. One method uses microprocessor controlled power electronics to replace the electrical machines of the existing dual frequency equivalent load technique. The second method uses microprocessor controlled power electronics to rapidly modulate the machine's supply frequency. The third method uses microprocessor controlled power electronics to produce a rotating magnetic field which rotates at constant speed but with sinusoidally varying magnitude. The third method is shown to be superior in that the oscillating torque during the test is substantially reduced without affecting the accuracy of the temperature rise results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Advanced Multipath Use Cases and Design Considerations (2014)

Advanced Multipath is a formalization of multipath techniques
currently in use in IP and MPLS networks and a set of extensions to
existing multipath techniques. This document provides a set of use
cases and design considerations for Advanced Multipath. Existing
practices are described. Use cases made possible through Advanced
Multipath extensions are described.
Graphite Foams for Lithium-Ion Battery Current Collectors (2007)

Graphite open-cell foams, with their very high electronic and thermal conductivities, may serve as high surface area and corrosion resistant current collectors for lithium-ion batteries. As a proof of principle, cathodes were prepared by sintering carbon-coated LiFePO4 particles into the porous graphite foams. Cycling these cathodes in a liquid electrolyte cell showed promising performance even for materials and coatings that have not been optimized. The specific capacity is not limited by the foam structure, but by the cycling performance of the coated LiFePO4 particles. Upon extended cycling for more than 100 deep cycles, no loss of capacity is observed for rates of C/2 or less. The uncoated graphite foams will slowly intercalate lithium reversibly at potentials less than 0.2 volts versus lithium.
Influence of Driver Position and Seat Design on Thoracolumbar Loading During Frontal Impacts (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Previous research has detailed contributing factors to thoracolumbar compression fracture injury risk during frontal impacts in motorsport drivers utilizing a nearly recumbent driving position (Katsuhara, Takahira, Hayashi, Kitagawa, &amp;amp; Yasuki, &lt;span class="xref"&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Trammell, Weaver, &amp;amp; Bock, &lt;span class="xref"&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Troxel, Melvin, Begeman, &amp;amp; Grimm, &lt;span class="xref"&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;). This type of injury is very rare for upright seated motorsport drivers. While numerous improvements have been made to the driver restraint system used in the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Incorporated (NASCAR®) since 2000, two instances of lumbar compression fractures have occurred during frontal impacts. Through the use of computation modeling, this study explores the influence of initial driver position and seat ramp design on thoracolumbar loading during frontal impacts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Quasi-static component testing, dynamic component testing, an instrumented driver fit check, a seat ramp angle survey, and sled testing were conducted to provide computational finite element (FE) model inputs and serve as validation tests. Upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted with a driver to visualize vertebral body locations with respect to the driver seat. FE modeling was conducted with the 50th percentile male Hybrid III FE model (Humanetics, Plymouth, MI) to validate a motorsport restraint system model. Sprague and Geers analysis was used to quantify and identify the optimally tuned FE model parameters. A 3-factor latin hypercube (LHD) sample space was created for acceleration magnitude and the principal direction of force (PDOF) about the Z-axis and about the Y-axis across 20 simulations. The Toyota Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) was then used in four unique seat ramp angles in both slouched and upright postures, for a total of eight THUMS seated configurations. All eight configurations were subjected to the 20 variable values of the LHD sample space for a total of 160 simulations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A FE motorsport restraint system model was developed and validated against empirical component and sled test data. The THUMS was used in the validated motorsport restraint system. As seat ramp angles (SRA) increased, peak axial compressive force of T12, L1 and L2 decreased. For each SRA, the slouched THUMS initial position (TIP), which positioned the ischial tuberosities closer to the seat ramp, produced lower peak axial compressive forces. The peak XY resultant bending moment of T12 and L1 also decreased as SRA increased.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hue cancellation on binocularly fused adapting fields (1991)

We studied hue cancellation on adapting fields whose color appearance was altered using binocular fusion. Test stimuli were mixtures of red and green light that were either increments of decrements superimposed on an adapting back ground in one eye. The observer’s task was to set a red-green equilibrium ratio for each magnitude of increment or decrement. Monocular adapting fields appeared red, orange, yellow, yellow–green or green, and fused binocular fields appeared either yellow, orange, or yellow–green because of green or red contralateral fields. Hue-cancellation functions were found to depend on the color appearance of the adapting field. We found differences in the slopes of the linear functions describing cancellations for increments and decrements, and differences in slopes between binocular conditions and their monocular control conditions. We also found small but consistent changes in the intercepts of these linear functions. Results relate to two-process models of color vision. The slope changes reflect gain changes that must be centrally rather than retinally controlled. The different slopes for increments and decrements implies differential gains mediated by the putative central mechanism and related to color appearance. Intercept changes are related to simultaneous color contrast effects and failures of color constancy.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected indoles using iridium complexes derived from P–OP ligands and (reusable) Brønsted acids (2013)

Unprotected indoles have been efficiently converted to enantiomerically enriched indolines (up to 91% ee) by a stepwise process: (reusable) Brønsted acid-mediated CC isomerisation and asymmetric hydrogenation using enantioselective iridium catalysts derived from P–OP ligands. This straightforward combination of (reusable) Brønsted acids, which activate the indole ring for hydrogenation by breaking its aromaticity, and enantiomerically pure [Ir(P–OP)]+ complexes as hydrogenation catalysts affords the resulting indolines with high enantioselectivities.
On The Performance of Space Time Transmit Diversity in the Downlink of W-CDMA With and Without Equalization (2006)

In this paper, we discuss the performance of space time transmit diversity (STTD) in the downlink of DS-CDMA over frequency-selective fading channels. We consider two kinds of receiver: the RAKE receiver and the chip-level MMSE equalizer-based receiver. These two receivers comparison turns out to be a very difficult task because their output signal to interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) depend in a complex way on the spreading and scrambling codes. To obtain tractable expressions, we study the SINRs in the asymptotic regime, i.e. we suppose that the spreading factor and the number of users both tend to infinity while their ratio remains constant. We further suppose that the code matrix is a random matrix obtained by multiplying a random scrambling code by a Walsh-Hadamard matrix. Under these conditions, the SINRs of the two receivers tend to deterministic values. We compare the asymptotic SINRs and draw some conclusions about the effect of the channel transfer function on the performance. Simulation results show that the asymptotic results allow us to predict the performance of real life systems like the UMTS-FDD.
A new fiber-communication miniature sensor module (2002)

Sensing using a multi-chip package for the optical sensing device enjoys the benefits of both optics and integrated circuits. By including the advent of MEMS technologies it can potentially lead to a new generation of miniaturized optical sensing devices and systems. We propose and fabricate a miniaturized radiation-sensing module, which transfers the output analog signal to a light signal, which can be easily delivered through a single mode fiber. It consists of an infrared sensing thermopile, an ASIC chip and a LED, which acts as an electro-optical signal transfer component. Details of component design, fabrication, and experimental results are presented.
Printed microfluidic sweat sensing platform for cortisol and glucose detection (2021)

Wearable sweat biosensors offer compelling opportunities for improved personal health monitoring and non-invasive measurements of key biomarkers. Inexpensive device fabrication methods are necessary for scalable manufacturing of portable, disposable, and flexible sweat sensors. Furthermore, real-time sweat assessment must be analyzed to validate measurement reliability at various sweating rates. Here, we demonstrate a "smart bandage" microfluidic platform for cortisol detection and continuous glucose monitoring integrated with a synthetic skin. The low-cost, laser-cut microfluidic device is composed of an adhesive-based microchannel and solution-processed electrochemical sensors fabricated from inkjet-printed graphene and silver solutions. An antibody-derived cortisol sensor achieved a limit of detection of 10 pM and included a low-voltage electrowetting valve, validating the microfluidic sensor design under typical physiological conditions. To understand effects of perspiration rate on sensor performance, a synthetic skin was developed using soft lithography to mimic human sweat pores and sweating rates. The enzymatic glucose sensor exhibited a range of 0.2 to 1.0 mM, a limit of detection of 10 μM, and reproducible response curves at flow rates of 2.0 μL min<sup>-1</sup> and higher when integrated with the synthetic skin, validating its relevance for human health monitoring. These results demonstrate the potential of using printed microfluidic sweat sensors as a low-cost, real-time, multi-diagnostic device for human health monitoring.