gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Paschen curve for helium in the 100–1000 kV range (2017)

The left branch of the Paschen curve for helium gas is studied both experimentally and by means of particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulations. The physical model incorporates electron, ion, and fast atom species whose energy-dependent anisotropic scattering on background neutrals, as well as backscattering at the electrodes, is properly accounted for. For the range of breakdown voltage 15 kV≤Vbr≤130 kV, a good agreement is observed between simulations and available experimental results for the discharge gap d = 1.4 cm. The PIC/MCC model is used to predict the Paschen curve at higher voltages up to 1 MV, based on the availability of input atomic data. We find that the pd similarity scaling does hold and that above 300 kV, the value of pd at breakdown begins to increase with increasing voltage. To achieve good agreement between PIC/MCC predictions and experimental data for the Paschen curve, it is essential to account for impact ionization by fast atoms (produced in charge exchange) and ions and for anisotropic scattering of all species on background atoms. With the increase of the applied voltage, energetic fast atoms progressively dominate in the overall ionization rate. The model makes this clear by predicting that breakdown would occur even without electron- and ion-induced ionization of the background gas, due to ionization by fast atoms backscattered at the cathode, and their high production rate in charge exchange collisions. Multiple fast neutrals per ion are produced when the free path is small compared to the electrode gap.
Transmission of 40 Gb/s DPSK and OOK at 1.55 &#x03BC;m through 100 m of plastic optical fiber (2008)

We experimentally demonstrate 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s transmission of both RZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK signals across a double clad, 130 mum core, graded index plastic optical fiber (GI-POF) at 1.55 mum. Error free transmission is achieved with little penalty for RZ-OOK and <3 dB penalty for RZ-DPSK.
Stable d -xylose ditriflate in divergent syntheses of dihydroxy prolines, pyrrolidines, tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acids, and cyclic β-amino acids (2022)

Double nucleophilic displacement of D-xylo-ditriflate by amines, water and alkyl cyanoacetates, respectively, gave a series of bicyclic divergent intermediates for the synthesis of a wide range of highly functionalized targets, including hydroxylated prolines, pyrrolidines, furanoic acids, and cyclopentanes.
Uplink-Based Framework for Control Plane Applications in 5G mmWave Cellular Networks. (2016)

The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies offer the potential of orders of magnitude increases in capacity for next-generation cellular systems. However, links in mmWave networks are susceptible to blockage and may suffer from rapid variations in quality. Connectivity to multiple cells - in the mmWave and in the traditional frequencies - is considered essential for robust connectivity. One of the challenges in supporting multi-connectivity in mmWaves is the requirement for the network to track the direction of each link in addition to its power and timing. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel uplink measurement system based on (i) the UE transmitting sounding signals in directions that sweep the angular space, (ii) the mmWave cells measuring the instantaneous received signal strength along with its variance to capture the dynamics and the reliability of a channel/direction and, finally, (iii) a centralized controller making scheduling decisions based on the mmWave cell reports and transmitting the decisions either via a mmWave cell or a conventional LTE cell (when the paths are not available). We argue that the proposed scheme enables fair and robust cell selection, in addition to efficient and periodical tracking of the user, in the presence of the channel variability expected at mmWaves.
A METHOD FOR THERMAL HISTORY PREDICTION DURING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING USING FAR-FIELD TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS (2019)

Directed Energy Deposition is a near net-shape, additive manufacturing process that uses high-energy lasers for powder melting and consolidation. While a detailed knowledge of the thermal histories of the process can help understand and ultimately predict the resulting microstructure, residual-stresses, and/or material properties of the component, experimental limitations usually restrict all temperature measurements to far-field locations. When fixed, these measurements become increasingly removed from the laser/material interactions as the build process unfolds. To help offset this limitation, a relatively straightforward method using finite-elements and a fixed far-field measurement was developed that considers experimental processing conditions such as a moving heat source and relevant (and evolving) boundary conditions to generate more complete thermal histories. In essence, an inverse problem was iteratively solved using a direct computational approach. Once validated, the model was then used over multiple depositions with the outcome discussed relative to the agreement and disparities in peak temperatures, heating, and cooling rates. The increasing importance of the growing surface area and evolving radiative and convective boundary conditions with each layer was clearly demonstrated
Molybdenum oxide-base phase change resistive switching material (2017)

We investigated the temperature dependence of electrical resistance of a reactively sputtered Mo-oxide film with a composition near MoO3 and found that the sputtered Mo-oxide film shows a large electrical resistance drop of much more than 104-fold at over 350 °C. Such a large drop in electrical resistance was found to be caused by a phase transition from an amorphous state to a crystalline state. It was confirmed that a W/Mo-oxide/W device shows a typical resistive switching effect of a phase change random access memory material and exhibits reversible resistive switching by the application of unidirectional set and reset voltage. The resistance contrast of the device had a large value of about 105–106. Furthermore, the Mo-oxide film showed much better thermal stability in the amorphous state than conventional phase change materials. These results indicate that the Mo-oxide film is a promising oxide-base phase change material for phase change random access memory.
Experiments at Islandsberg on the west coast of Sweden in preparation of the construction of a pilot wave power plant (2005)

Experiments at Islandsberg on the west coast of Sweden in preparation of the construction of a pilot wave power plant
High power quality level DC distribution system for woodworking plants (2012)

Power quality is becoming more and more important for different kind of users. In particular, for industrial customers it represents a key factor for the productiveness and the efficiency. Also, the wide diffusion of electronic loads implies a spread use of power electronics. In this scenario, DC distribution networks are a suitable solution for solving problems of power quality both for the customer and for the supplier. In the paper, the opportunity of using a DC distribution network inside a woodworking plant is analyzed. A network configuration and a control strategy are proposed and verified by means of numerical simulations and experimental tests.
Improving Current ON/OFF Ratio and Subthreshold Swing of Schottky- Gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by Postmetallization Annealing (2020)

Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -passivated Schottky-gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with improved subthreshold swing (SS) and drain current ON/OFF ratio by postmetallization annealing (PMA) at 500 °C in N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ambient are reported. With the PMA, the gate leakage current in the reverse biased region and the OFF-state drain current are reduced by more than three orders of magnitude, leading to a low SS of 84.75 mV/dec and a high drain current ON/OFF ratio of 2.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> . Through temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements on dual-Schottky-gate structures and capacitance-voltage measurements on Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) HEMT capacitors, it is identified that the PMA greatly suppresses both the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /AlGaN interface leakage current and the reverse gate leakage current by eliminating Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /AlGaN interface trap states with 0.34 eV trap state energy and changing the dominant mechanism of reverse gate leakage conduction from trap-assisted tunneling to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, respectively. Overall, this work reports on the effectiveness of PMA in improving the performance of Schottky-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and the underlying improving mechanisms.
An anatomically based imaging sign to detect adventitial cyst derived from the superior tibiofibular joint (2011)

The origin for complex intraneural cysts remains controversial despite recent emerging evidence to support their articular origin. The coexistence of intraneural and adventitial cysts has been described due to the proximate neurovascular bundle, i.e., the articular (neural) branch and vessels at the joint capsule. To clarify the pathogenesis, anatomically based imaging patterns can be identified. This paper characterizes a common finding identified on MRI describing the adventitial component originating from the superior tibiofibular joint (STFJ). MRIs of patients with fibular (peroneal) (n = 24) and tibial (n = 7) intraneural ganglion cysts were reviewed. Eleven patients with fibular intraneural ganglion cysts were identified as having a coexisting adventitial component. In all cases, the adventitial cyst extended from the anterior portion of the STFJ, within the capsular vessels, and along the anterior tibial vessels. The reproducible anatomy permitted the identification of an imaging pattern: the "vascular U" sign, consisting of cystic anterior tibial vessels running through the interosseous membrane between the proximal tibia and fibula. This sign was seen on axial MR image(s) obtained at the level of the fibular neck in all cases. To generalize these findings, the rare tibial intraneural ganglion cysts (derived from the posterior aspect of the STFJ) were examined; two cases had coexisting adventitial cysts with visualization of the vascular U sign. This new imaging pattern can improve the identification of adventitial cysts at the level of the STFJ.
An Interventional MRI Technique for the Molecular Characterization of Heterogeneous Intra-Prostatic Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (2004)

Abstract : The biological characterization of an individual patient's tumor by non-invasive imaging will have an important role in cancer care and clinical research if the molecular processes that underlie the image data are known. Spatial heterogeneity in the dynamics of MRI contrast enhancement (DCE-MRI) is hypothesized to reflect variations in tumor angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of precisely co-localizing DCE-MRI data with the genomic and proteomic profiles of underlying biopsy tissue using a novel MRI-guided biopsy technique in a patient with prostate cancer.
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Nitroalkenes and Preliminary Studies of Their Enantioselective Organocatalytic Reduction (2023)

Starting from commercially available ketones, a reproducible and reliable strategy for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted nitroalkenes was successfully developed, using a two-step procedure; the HWE olefination of the ketone to form the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters is followed by a nitration reaction to introduce the nitro group in the α position of the ester group. The enantioselective organocatalytic reduction of these compounds has also been preliminarily studied, to access the functionalized enantioenriched nitroalkanes, which are useful starting materials for further synthetic elaborations. The absolute configuration of the reduction product was established by chemical correlation of the chiral nitroalkane with a known product; preliminary DFT calculations were also conducted to rationalize the stereochemical outcome of the organocatalytic enantioselective reduction.
On-Treatment Monitoring of Liver Fibrosis with Transient Elastography in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients (2011)

LSM could predict advanced fibrosis during antiviral therapy according to the ALT-based algorithm. Decrease in absolute LSM value, which could be related to ALT normalization, was unreliable to indicate regression of liver fibrosis.
SRC family kinase (SFK) inhibitor dasatinib improves the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 in NSCLC models by inhibiting Treg cell conversion and proliferation (2021)

YES1 protein expression is associated with increased numbers of Tregs in patients with NSCLC. Dasatinib synergizes with anti-PD-1 to impair tumor growth in NSCLC experimental models. This study provides the preclinical rationale for the combined use of dasatinib and PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade to improve outcomes of patients with NSCLC.
BabA-mediated Adherence Is a Potentiator of the Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System Activity (2011)

Chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach mucosa with translocation of the bacterial cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) effector protein via the cag-Type IV secretion system (TFSS) into host epithelial cells are major risk factors for gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancer. The blood group antigen-binding adhesin BabA mediates the adherence of H. pylori to ABO/Lewis b (Le(b)) blood group antigens in the gastric pit region of the human stomach mucosa. Here, we show both in vitro and in vivo that BabA-mediated binding of H. pylori to Le(b) on the epithelial surface augments TFSS-dependent H. pylori pathogenicity by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines and precancer-related factors. We successfully generated Le(b)-positive cell lineages by transfecting Le(b)-negative cells with several glycosyltransferase genes. Using these established cell lines, we found increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (CCL5 and IL-8) as well as precancer-related factors (CDX2 and MUC2) after the infection of Le(b)-positive cells with WT H. pylori but not with babA or TFSS deletion mutants. This increased mRNA expression was abrogated when Le(b)-negative cells were infected with WT H. pylori. Thus, H. pylori can exploit BabA-Le(b) binding to trigger TFSS-dependent host cell signaling to induce the transcription of genes that enhance inflammation, development of intestinal metaplasia, and associated precancerous transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: The Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Antitumor Macrolide Natural Product Rhizoxin D. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Requirements for achieving high-strain-rate superplasticity in cast aluminium alloys (1998)

Equal-channel angular (ECA) pressing has been used to introduce a very small grain size into a commercial cast Al-Mg-Li-Zr alloy. Tensile testing reveals the potential for achieving superplastic ductilities in this alloy at very -high strain rates (greater than 10-2s-1) but experiments show that this potential is realized only if a sufficiently high strain is introduced during the ECA pressing such that the microstructure is homogeneous and consists of an array of grains having large-angle grain boundaries.
Spectra of identified high-pTπ±andp(p¯)inCu+Cucollisions atsNN=200GeV (2010)

We report new results on identified (anti)proton and charged pion spectra at large transverse momenta ($3&lt;{p}_{T}&lt;10$ GeV$/c$) from $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This study explores the system size dependence of two novel features observed at RHIC with heavy ions: the hadron suppression at high-${p}_{T}$ and the anomalous baryon to meson enhancement at intermediate transverse momenta. Both phenomena could be attributed to the creation of a new form of QCD matter. The results presented here bridge the system size gap between the available $\mathit{pp}$ and $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ data, and allow for a detailed exploration of the onset of the novel features. Comparative analysis of all available 200 GeV data indicates that the system size is a major factor determining both the magnitude of the hadron spectra suppression at large transverse momenta and the relative baryon to meson enhancement.
Simulating Soil Fertility Restoration Using the CAST Model (2014)

Abstract The CAST model was used to simulate soil fertility restoration due to soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion in cultivated Mediterranean soils using organic amendments (compost and manure) under different tilling practices. Two cropland fields (35 years of cultivation) in the Koiliaris CZO (Chania, Crete, Greece) were simulated to reach SOC at such levels that soil functions are maintained. Two soil function indicators were used to evaluate restoration of fertility: the SOC/silt+clay ratio with a threshold value of 4.5 and the water stable aggregate (WSA) fraction (>250 μm) to exceed 60% for the soil to be “agronomically valuable”. A mixture of 70% municipal solid waste compost to 30% manure was used as organic amendment and different tilling practices (light and intense tilling) were considered to investigate the fertility restoration design as well as the impact of tilling and organic amendments on soil structure.
Admixture Mapping Scans Identify a Locus Affecting Retinal Vascular Caliber in Hypertensive African Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (2010)

Retinal vascular caliber provides information about the structure and health of the microvascular system and is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Compared to European Americans, African Americans tend to have wider retinal arteriolar and venular caliber, even after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors. This has suggested the hypothesis that differences in genetic background may contribute to racial/ethnic differences in retinal vascular caliber. Using 1,365 ancestry-informative SNPs, we estimated the percentage of African ancestry (PAA) and conducted genome-wide admixture mapping scans in 1,737 African Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) representing summary measures of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber, respectively, were measured from retinal photographs. PAA was significantly correlated with CRVE (rho = 0.071, P = 0.003), but not CRAE (rho = 0.032, P = 0.182). Using admixture mapping, we did not detect significant admixture association with either CRAE (genome-wide score = -0.73) or CRVE (genome-wide score = -0.69). An a priori subgroup analysis among hypertensive individuals detected a genome-wide significant association of CRVE with greater African ancestry at chromosome 6p21.1 (genome-wide score = 2.31, locus-specific LOD = 5.47). Each additional copy of an African ancestral allele at the 6p21.1 peak was associated with an average increase in CRVE of 6.14 microm in the hypertensives, but had no significant effects in the non-hypertensives (P for heterogeneity <0.001). Further mapping in the 6p21.1 region may uncover novel genetic variants affecting retinal vascular caliber and further insights into the interaction between genetic effects of the microvascular system and hypertension.
Thermal Decomposition of Commercial Silicone Oil to Produce High Yield High Surface Area SiC Nanorods (2006)

This article reports on the synthesis of high surface area (563m2/g) beta-SiC nanorods by thermal decomposition of commercial silicone oil at a relatively low reaction temperature (800 degrees C) in a closed Swagelok cell. High yield (75%) of SiC nanorods are obtained in this one-stage, solvent-, catalyst-, and template-free synthesis technique that runs at a relative low temperature and employs cheap single-precursor. The morphological (TEM, HR-SEM), compositional (CHNS, EDX, SAEDX]), structural (XRD, HR-TEM, and ED), thermal (TGA) characterizations and surface area analysis are carried out for the obtained SiC nanorods. The possibility of hydrogen storage in this high surface area nano-SiC rods are also tested and reported for the first time.
A 330 bp region of the spinach nitrite reductase gene promoter directs nitrate‐inducible tissue‐specific expression in transgenic tobacco (1993)

Nitrite reductase is an enzyme in the nitrate assimilatory pathway whose expression is induced upon the addition of nitrate. Furthermore, it is known to be located in chloroplasts in leaves and plastids in roots. A 3.1 kb 5′ upstream region of the spinach nitrite reductase (NiR) gene promoter was shown previously to confer nitrate inducibility on the β‐glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression in both the leaves and the roots of transgenic tobacco plants. In the present study, this 3.1 kb promoter fragment as well as a series of promoter deletion constructs, fused to a GUS gene, were utilized to delineate the region of NiR promoter involved in nitrate regulation of NiR expression by studying the cellular localization of NiR—GUS expression as well as its regulation by nitrate. In plants carrying the longest promoter fragment (−3100 from the transcription start site) and promoter sequences progressively deleted to −330 bp, the expression of GUS was markedly increased in the presence of nitrate, and this expression was found to occur in mesophyll cells in leaves and in the vascular tissues of stem and roots. When nitrate was added to NiR—GUS plants grown in the absence of nitrate, significant levels of GUS activity could be seen in the roots after 2 h and in the leaves after 6 h. Further 5′ deletion of the promoter to −200 bp abolished the nitrate induction of GUS expression, indicating that the 130 bp region of the nitrite reductase promoter located between −330 and −200 is required for full nitrate‐inducible tissue‐specific expression.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Mechanochemical Oxygenation of Fullerene under Oxygen Atmosphere. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.