gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real time full-color imaging in a Meta-optical fiber endoscope (2023)

Abstract Endoscopes are an important component for the development of minimally invasive surgeries. Their size is one of the most critical aspects, because smaller and less rigid endoscopes enable higher agility, facilitate larger accessibility, and induce less stress on the surrounding tissue. In all existing endoscopes, the size of the optics poses a major limitation in miniaturization of the imaging system. Not only is making small optics difficult, but their performance also degrades with downscaling. Meta-optics have recently emerged as a promising candidate to drastically miniaturize optics while achieving similar functionalities with significantly reduced size. Herein, we report an inverse-designed meta-optic, which combined with a coherent fiber bundle enables a 33% reduction in the rigid tip length over traditional gradient-index (GRIN) lenses. We use the meta-optic fiber endoscope (MOFIE) to demonstrate real-time video capture in full visible color, the spatial resolution of which is primarily limited by the fiber itself. Our work shows the potential of meta-optics for integration and miniaturization of biomedical devices towards minimally invasive surgery.
High-dynamic-range cationic two-photon photopolymerization (2001)

Cationic-induced two-photon photopolymerization is demonstrated at 710 nm, using an isopropylthioxanthone/diarylidonium salt initiating system for the cationic polymerization of an epoxide. The polymerization threshold J<SUB>2th</SUB> is found to be approximately 1 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, with a dynamic range of &gt; 100, i.e. the material can be fully polymerized at intensities &gt; 100 times the threshold level without damage. The polymerization rate R is found to be proportional to the m equals 1.7 power of the intensity, or R equals [C (J-J<SUB>2th</SUB>)]<SUP>m</SUP> equals [C (J-J<SUB>2th</SUB>)]<SUP>1.7</SUP>, which implies a significantly stronger localization of the photochemical response than that of free radical photoinitiators. R and J<SUB>2th</SUB> significantly improve when the concentration z of the initiator (onium salt) increases.
Supplementary Data from Humanized Anti-Trop-2 IgG-SN-38 Conjugate for Effective Treatment of Diverse Epithelial Cancers: Preclinical Studies in Human Cancer Xenograft Models and Monkeys (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S2; Supplementary Materials and Methods; Supplementary Tables S1-S2.&lt;/p&gt;
Amperometric Flow Injection Analysis of Glucose and Galactose Based on Engineered Pyranose 2‐Oxidases and Osmium Polymers for Biosensor Applications (2018)

Abstract In the present study, wild type and three mutants of pyranose 2‐oxidase (PyOx‐WT, PyOx‐MT1, PyOx‐MT2, PyOx‐MT3), which showed improved properties for D‐galactose oxidation, were investigated for their oxidising ability when immobilised on graphite electrodes. Four different flexible Os polymers with formal potentials ranging between −0.140 and 0.270 V vs. Ag|AgCl 0.1 M KCl were applied together with the various forms of PyOx to wire graphite electrodes using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as crosslinking reagent. The pH profiles for the electrodes modified with wild type and all PyOx mutants in combination with the Os polymers were investigated with both glucose and galactose, respectively, since the PyOx variants showed an improved catalytic activity for galactose. All modified electrodes showed highest response in the pH range between 8.5–10 and K M , I max values for both glucose and galactose were determined. To prove the catalytic activity, the biosensors were also characterized with cyclic voltammetry. A protein amount 0.26 U was found optimum for PyOx‐WT, 0.36 U for PyOx‐MT1, 0.41 U for PyOx‐MT2 and 0.28 U for PyOx‐MT3 and the analytical characterization of the enzyme electrodes was performed for glucose and galactose under optimized conditions.
SU‐E‐I‐93: External Beam Radiation Cherenkov Emission in Tissue Used for Tissue Oxygen Sensing (2012)

Purpose: To show that Cherenkov emission is generated by external radiotherapy beam in tissue, and could serve as optical source to excite an oxygen sensitive phosphor, Oxyphor G4, within tissue. The intensity and lifetime of the phosphorescence was measured with a time‐gated system and reveals the oxygenation levels in the tissue phantom. Methods: A tissue phantom made with PBS, 1% v/v Intralipid‐20% (Sigma Aldrich), 1% v/v whole blood and Oxyphor G4 in 1 μM concentration is irradiated by 18MeV external radiotherapy electron beam at a dose rate of 4 Gy/min generated by a medical linear accelerator (Varian LINAC 2100C, Varian Medical Systems). On one side of the phantom, a fiber bundle is used to conduct optical signal to a spectrometer connected to a fast gating ICCD (PI‐MAX3, Princeton Instruments). For each oxygenation level, a series of spectrum of phosphorescence at different time points is measured by the time domain gating technique. Lifetime of phosphorescence is analyzed by exponential fitting and is validated by comparison to an independent analysis by frequency domain phosphorimetry. Monte Carlo simulations using GEANT4, of the fiber optic collection of Cerenkov light were performed to decide the sensitivity of the optical system for a range of specified geometries and beam types. Simulation results identify the effective depth within the phantom that is sampled by the optical collection of the Cerenkov signal. Results: Simulations show that we can detect the Cherenkov signals comes from an approximately 5 mm depth from within the tissue phantom. Lifetime of the phosphorescence and pO2 of the phantom could be measured and calculated correctly by the time domain gating system. Conclusions: This work indicates time domain gating techniques combined with an oxygen sensitive phosphor are capable of accurately monitoring tissue oxygenation from a reasonable sampling depth in tissue in vivo during external beam radiotherapy. NIH grant R01CA109558
Compounds for central reactivation of organophosphorus-based compound-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and/or inactivation of organophosphorus-based acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and related compositions methods and systems for making and using them (2023)

Described herein are oxime compounds capable of inactivating OP-based AChE inhibitors, crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB), and/or reactivation of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and related methods, systems and compositions for inactivation of one or more OP-based AChE inhibitors, therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of an individual, and/or decomposition of OP-based AChE inhibitors for decontamination.
Mammographically detected breast lesions: clinical importance of cytologic atypia in stereotaxic fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples. (1996)

Although lesions with atypical aspirates usually are benign, to achieve a low prevalence of false-negative diagnoses atypia must be interpreted as potential malignancy.
FGS Coding with Adaptive Reference for Low-Delay Applications (2006)

This paper presents the design of a fine granularity SNR scalable video coder for low-delay applications. Specifically, temporal prediction is introduced into the FGS layer of closed-loop P-frames. The prediction is formed adaptively from the enhancement layer reference and the base layer reference, utilizing information coded in the base layer. This novel FGS coder can control drift that may occur due to partial decoding of the FGS layer, while at the same time achieving high coding efficiency. Effort is also spent on reducing the complexity of the new solution by using low-complexity motion compensation and by minimizing additional transform operations. With minimal increase in the complexity, the FGS coding performance of closed-loop P-frames can be improved by as much as 4.5 dB for one FGS layer on a base layer coded at QP 42.
Multifunctional Crosslinkable Iridium Complexes as Hole Transporting/Electron Blocking and Emitting Materials for Solution‐Processed Multilayer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2009)

Abstract Here, a new series of crosslinkable heteroleptic iridium (III) complexes for use in solution processed phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is reported. These iridium compounds have the general formula of (PPZ‐VB) 2 Ir(CˆN), where PPZ‐VB is phenylpyrazole (PPZ) vinyl benzyl (VB) ether; and the CˆN ligands represent a family of four different cyclometallating ligands including 1‐phenylpyrazolyl (PPZ) (1), 2‐(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridyl (DFPPY) (2), 2‐(p‐tolyl)pyridyl (TPY) (3), and 2‐phenylquinolyl (PQ) (4). With the incorporation of two crosslinkable VB ether groups, these compounds can be fully crosslinked after heating at 180 °C for 30 min. The crosslinked films exhibit excellent solvent resistance and film smoothness which enables fabrication of high‐performance multilayer OLEDs by sequential solution processing of multiple layers. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of these compounds can be easily controlled by simply changing the cyclometallating CˆN ligand in order to tune the triplet energy within the range of 3.0–2.2 eV. This diversity makes these materials not only suitable for use in hole transporting and electron blocking but also as emissive layers of several colors. Therefore, these compounds are applied as effective materials for all‐solution processed OLEDs with (PPZ‐VB) 2 IrPPZ (1) acting as hole transporting and electron blocking layer and host material, as well as three other compounds, (PPZ‐VB) 2 IrDFPPY ( 2 ), (PPZ‐VB) 2 IrTPY(3), and (PPZ‐VB) 2 IrPQ( 4 ), used as crosslinkable phosphorescent emitters.
Prostanoid Receptor Assays (2001)

Prostanoids, which include the prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs), interact with a specific family of G-protein coupled receptors, of which there are known to be five distinct types, DP, EP, FP, IP and TP, each particularly sensitive to one of the five natural prostanoids, PGD₂, PGE₂, PGF₂(, PGI₂ and TXA₂, respectively. Of these, it is known that the EP receptor comprises four well-characterized subtypes: EP₁, EP₂, EP₃ and EP₄. These receptor subtypes are widely distributed throughout mammals and other species, and show particularly high levels of expression in smooth muscle and blood platelets. Despite the fact that few of these preparations express a single receptor type/subtype in isolation, a range of useful smooth muscle and platelet assays for the various prostanoid receptors are available and are presented in this unit.
Quantitation by Concatenated Tryptic Peptides (QCAT) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
<title>Tunable antireflective coatings with built-in hard mask properties facilitating thin-resist processing</title> (2001)

Patterning sub-150 nm features in dielectric stacks using single layer resist processes in conjunction with organic anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) is becoming very difficult. Typical organic ARC-open etch processes suffer from poor ARC-to-resist selectivities (~0.7), and are accompanied by critical dimension (CD) losses. The resist remaining is often not sufficient to prevent artifacts such as substrate microrevicing during subsequent etches. PECVD-Deposited titanium nitride and silicon oxynitride films have been investigated as ARC layers but their basic nature has caused residue formation at the resist/ARC interface. We have developed a PECVD-deposited material, TERA (Tunable Etch-Resistant ARC) that acts as an ARC at 248 nm and 193 nm wavelengths and provides excellent etch selectivity to resist surpassing those attained with organic ARCs. In addition, this material demonstrates excellent hard mask properties for subsequent dielectric etch steps. The optical properties of these films can be easily tuned to minimize substrate reflectance at either imaging wavelength by controlling the precursor composition and deposition conditions. The films are compatible with 248 nm and 193 nm resists - no footing, undercut or residue is observed during patterning. The films can be etched selectively to resist (selectivity ~2.5) that translates to less resist consumption during th ARC-open etch. Compared to resists, TERA demonstrates better etch resistance while patterning dielectric stacks - the silicon oxide-to-TERA Selectivity exceeds 8. In this paper, the excellent optical tunability and substrate reflectivity control achieved with TERA are discussed. Clean lithography using 248 nm, 193 nm and e- beam resists is shown. The etch characteristics of TERA in fluorocarbon and halogen-based plasma chemistries are discussed. Finally, the formation of 135 nm and 120 nm deep trench patterns in thick dielectric stacks using TERA in conjunction with commercial 248 nm and 193 nm resists, respectively is demonstrated. The extendability of this approach to pattern silicon without roughening or microrevicing using sub-200 nm thick resists is motivated.
Ligand Effects on the Surface Composition of Rh‐Containing Ionic Liquid Solutions Used in Hydroformylation Catalysis (2010)

The chemical surface composition of Rh-containing ionic liquid solutions has been studied by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). Rh–tppts complexes of high relevance for multiphase hydroformylation catalysis showed remarkable surface activity, whereas non-tppts containing systems showed Rh depleting from the surface (tppts=tris(3-sodium sulfonatophenyl)phosphine).
Conducting polymer actuator utilizing novel planar patterned flexible supporting electrode (2005)

A number of architectures have been employed to realize the linear contraction desired of a large scale conducting polymer artificial muscle, with each having merits and problems. Bulk polymer actuators with no supporting electrode structure, coil- or spring-type designs, and thin linear actuators with pliant metal or semi-metallic surface electrodes have all found moderate success. For the purpose of scalable, highly reactive artificial muscles, it is proposed that a design of several thin, well coupled and highly conductive linear actuators will allow rapid charging, ion transport, and actuation. Here we present a novel electrode design utilizing conducting polymers, incorporating recent work on electrode materials, solvents, and electrolyte. The soft supporting electrode is a highly flexible design made from metal foil patterned by lithographic techniques to allow a wide range of deformations and no hindrance to linear motion by the supporting metal electrode. The design is such that the electrode metal maintains excellent electrical coupling with the actuator material throughout the range of motions. The actuator is based on the well-characterized conducting polymer polypyrrole. Other merits of this actuator lie in the inexpensive material design, ease of manufacture, and modular potential to create multi-actuator devices for high stress applications. In order to overcome adhesion and conduction problems exhibited by the low-cost materials, several surface treatments were evaluated. In the course of development, stainless steel samples coated with platinum and titanium oxide were evaluated with an adhesion test. In an attempt to improve overall actuator performance, films were grown on steel and glassy carbon substrates in organic and ionic liquid solvents and actuated in organic and ionic liquid based solutions.
Ultra-long-reach systems, optical transparency, and networks (2002)

Examines the interaction between ultra-long-reach (ULR) transmission systems, network architecture, and optical transparency. Maximal transparency requires large regenerator spacings, beyond 15000 km in North-American continental-scale networks. Smaller spacings (1000 km) can be used, at the expense of routing restrictions, or opacity. Novel network optimizations on one opaque (OPAQUE) and two partially transparent architectures (LINKOPT, NODEOPT), shows that ULR systems with spacings exceeding 1000 km are cost-effective for long-distance traffic on sparse continental backbones. Rings with OADM's can benefit from higher spacings.
DGPS/Radiobeacon Field Trials Comparing Type 1 and Type 9 Messaging (1993)

A medium-frequency (MF) radio system is being deployed worldwide for the broadcast of differential corrections to GPS users. This system adds a digitally modulated subcarrier to transmissions from some of the marine radio beacons, which currently operate in the 283.5–325 kHz band. These “DGPS/radiobeacons” use groundwave propagation to carry the DGPS correction well beyond the “radio horizon” where the DGPS data is still valid. Improvements in the DGPS/radiobeacon receiver design or messaging protocol that reduce the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are important because they can significantly increase the range or availability of the DGPS/radiobeacon service. Such an improvement is being pioneered by the U.S. Coast Guard. This innovation calls for the transmission of three satellite corrections per message (Type 9 messaging), rather than the usual transmission of all corrections in every message (Type 1 messaging). If noise damages a message, then only three corrections are lost, rather than the corrections for all satellites in view of the reference station. This paper contains an analysis and field results showing that the improvement made possible by Type 9 messaging is significant.
The effect of elastomeric liners on high‐pressure liquid propellant combustion oscillations (1995)

Abstract Liquid propellants are currently being investigated as an alternative to solid propellants in advanced gun designs. The use of liquids may provide advantages in the areas of safety, cost and performance. One area of concern in liquid propellant gun designs is the presence of large pressure oscillations: oscillations of ± 50% of the baseline pressure have been observed. These oscillations may result in a degradation of performance and reliability. The source of pressure oscillations and possible mitigation schemes are being studied in the Sandia Liquid Propellant Injector/Combustor. In this research device, the effect of acoustic liners on pressure oscillations in a high‐pressure (128 MPa) liquid propellant spray combustor is studied for a hydroxylammonium nitrate‐based propellant. In this study we investigated the effects of orientation and coverage fraction of elastomer liners on pressure oscillation reduction. Results for a range of elastomer/steel liner combinations are presented. along with an acoustic model and a correlation the data. The results indicate that: (1) linears can reduce oscillations by approximately three order of magnitude,(2) the reduction in pressure oscillation is independent of the placement of liners relative to the propellant flow, and (3) the magnitude of the oscillations can be correlated with the acoustic properties of the wall material.
Light-Scattering Studies on the Action of Endocellulases (1978)

Conference Article| February 01 1978 Light-Scattering Studies on the Action of Endocellulases JOSEPH DEMEESTER; JOSEPH DEMEESTER *Laboratorium voor Algemene Biochemie en Fysiche Farmacie, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Wolterslaan 12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HERMAN STEYAERT; HERMAN STEYAERT †Seminarie voor Waarschijnlijkheidsrekening en Mathematische Statistiek, Fakulteit Wetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 271, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARCEL BRACKE; MARCEL BRACKE *Laboratorium voor Algemene Biochemie en Fysiche Farmacie, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Wolterslaan 12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ALBERT LAUWERS ALBERT LAUWERS *Laboratorium voor Algemene Biochemie en Fysiche Farmacie, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Wolterslaan 12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1978) 6 (1): 227–229. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0060227 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JOSEPH DEMEESTER, HERMAN STEYAERT, MARCEL BRACKE, ALBERT LAUWERS; Light-Scattering Studies on the Action of Endocellulases. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1978; 6 (1): 227–229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0060227 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1978 Biochemical Society1978 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Charge injection Super-lattice Phase Change Memory for low power and high density storage device applications (2013)

A new charge injection Super-lattice Phase Change Memory was developed with optimized GeTe/Sb2Te3 deposition and state-of-the-art analytical techniques. First principle calculations showed the charge injection enhanced Ge atom movement for the first time. We achieved 0.46 V and 3.3 MA/cm2 reset and MLC programming. The stability of Super-lattice after 1E6 cycles was verified by thermal analysis characteristic to Ge 4-fold to Ge 6-fold transition.
Capsular Management During Hip Arthroscopy: From Femoroacetabular Impingement to Instability (2011)

Advances in the ability to treat various soft-tissue and osseous pathologic conditions of the hip arthroscopically have been predicated on an improved exposure of the pathology of the central, peripheral, and peritrochanteric compartments. The management of the capsule is critical and must allow for an improved exposure without compromising stability and kinematics of the hip. Described approaches have included capsulectomy, limited capsulotomy, extensile capsulotomy, capsular plication, and capsular shift. The selected approach must consider various factors, including symptomatic complaints, underlying hyperlaxity, specific mechanical pathology, and surgical expertise. Universally using a single technique without consideration of the complex mechanical and anatomic factors unique to each patient may result in incomplete treatment of the pathoanatomy or iatrogenic instability. This article reviews the anatomy of the hip capsule and provide a diagnosis-based consideration of capsular management during hip arthroscopy. The senior author's preferred techniques are also presented.
Nanomedicine for glaucoma: liposomes provide sustained release of latanoprost in the eye (2012)

The loading required for a long-term sustained delivery of latanoprost for up to 90 days in the rabbit eyes was achieved with EggPC liposomes. A single injection of latanoprost-loaded EggPC liposomes can lower the IOP for up to 90 days, with a greater IOP lowering effect than daily topical administration of latanoprost.