gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Linear Mode Coupling Dynamics in Single Mode and Multi Mode Fibers (2021)

We investigate the mode coupling dynamics in different fiber types for mechanical movement. It is shown that the power fluctuations in graded index fibers are significantly smaller and slower than in step index fibers. The mode dependent dynamics are dominant over the polarization dependent ones.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Resistance to Irreversible EGF Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors through a Multistep Mechanism Involving the IGF1R Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 42K, IGFBP3 promoter methylation is present in the PFR3 and PFR5 cells&lt;/p&gt;
ADJUNCTIVE RAPAMYCIN AND CsA TREATMENT INHIBITS MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE ASSOCIATED CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES IN SENSITIZED CARDIAC GRAFT RECIPIENTS1 (2001)

A combination of RPM and CsA is more effective in restraining mRNA expression than RPM alone; however, either therapy is associated with TGF-beta hyperexpression.
Covalent Modification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 p6 by SUMO-1 (2004)

The p6 domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein mediates virion budding from infected cells via protein-protein contacts with the class E vacuolar protein sorting factors, Tsg101 and AIP1/ALIX. Interaction with Tsg101 is strengthened by covalent attachment of monovalent ubiquitin to HIV-1 p6. To identify additional host factors that bind to HIV-1 p6, a human cDNA library was screened in the yeast two-hybrid system. HIV-1 p6 was found to interact with small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) as well as the E2 SUMO-1 transfer enzyme, Ubc9. Interaction with p6 was also detected with Daxx, a cellular protein to which SUMO-1 is sometimes covalently attached. SUMO-1 was incorporated into HIV-1 virions where it was protected within the virion membrane from digestion by exogenous protease. Of the two lysine residues in p6, lysine 27 uniquely served as a site of covalent SUMO-1 attachment. As previously reported, though, HIV-1 bearing the p6-K27R mutation replicated just like the wild type. Overproduction of SUMO-1 in HIV-1 producer cells had no apparent effect on virion release or on virion protein or RNA content. Infectivity of the resulting virions, though, was decreased, with the defect occurring after membrane fusion, at the time of viral cDNA synthesis. HIV-1 bearing the p6-K27R mutation was insensitive to SUMO-1 overexpression, suggesting that covalent attachment of SUMO-1 to p6 is detrimental to HIV-1 replication.
Enhancing waveguided light extraction in organic LEDs using an ultra-low-index grid (2010)

Improved outcoupling of light into substrate modes of an organic LED (OLED) by an ultra-low index of refraction (n=1.15), porous SiO(2) grid (UltraLIG) fabricated using glancing-angle deposition is demonstrated. Outcoupling into the substrate for electrophosphorescent tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)(3)]-based OLEDs grown on substrates with the UltraLIG is increased by 48% over a conventional device at a luminance of 100 cd/m(2). With efficient light outcoupling at the substrate-air interface, the UltraLIG devices attain eta(EQE)=22.5% and eta(P)=64 lm/W at their peak efficiencies, a nearly threefold increase over an analogous conventional OLED.
Cation Effect on the CdSe ‐ Liquid Junction (1993)

The effect of cation on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cell has been investigated. The current‐potential response of the polysulfide electrolyte on a platinum electrode was measured as a function of the alkali metal cation in solution. There was a −33 mV shift in the redox potential and an increase in the current when the cation was changed from Na+ to Cs+. The performance of the PEC cell with both polycrystalline and single‐crystal semiconductor electrodes increased in the open‐circuit potential, the short‐circuit current, the fill factor, and the energy conversion efficiency when Cs polysulfide was used as compared with K or Na polysulfide. Impedance measurements were made on the electrodes in polysulfide solutions and hydroxide solutions with the different cations. The results for both electrolytes showed a negative shift in the flatband potential, an increase in the apparent charge‐carrier concentration, and an increase in the frequency dispersion of the measurements with the addition of Cs+. The impedance measurements also showed a dependence on the orientation of the crystal. The effects above are related to a combination of a change in the solution and the surface of the semiconductor. The stoichiometric distribution of the polysulfide species changes with the addition of Cs+ and the surface of the semiconductor changes, facilitating charge transfer across the semiconductor/electrolyte interface.
Simplex-based navigation tool for a posteriori selection of the preferred deformable image registration outcome from a set of trade-off solutions obtained with multiobjective optimization for the case of breast MRI (2018)

Multiobjective optimization approaches for deformable image registration (DIR) remove the need for manual adjustment of key parameters and provide a set of solutions that represent high-quality trade-offs between objectives of interest. Choosing a desired outcome a posteriori is potentially far more insightful as differences between solutions can be immediately visualized. The purpose of this work is to investigate whether such an approach allows clinical experts to intuitively select their preferred DIR outcome. To this end, we developed a simplex-based tool for solution navigation and asked 10 clinical experts to use it to choose their preferred DIR outcome from sets of trade-off solutions obtained for 10 breast magnetic resonance DIR cases of low (prone-prone DIR; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and high (prone-supine DIR; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) difficulty, of patients and volunteers, respectively. The usability of the software is subsequently evaluated by the observers using the system usability scale. Further, the quality of the selected DIR outcomes is evaluated using the mean target registration error. Results show that the users are able to identify and select high-quality DIR outcomes, and attested to high learnability and usability of our software, supporting the validity of the presumed added value of taking a multiobjective perspective on DIR in clinical practice.
Solving Most Systems of Random Quadratic Equations (2017)

This paper deals with finding an $n$-dimensional solution $\bm{x}$ to a system of quadratic equations $y_i=|\langle\bm{a}_i,\bm{x}\rangle|^2$, $1\le i \le m$, which in general is known to be NP-hard. We put forth a novel procedure, that starts with a \emph{weighted maximal correlation initialization} obtainable with a few power iterations, followed by successive refinements based on \emph{iteratively reweighted gradient-type iterations}. The novel techniques distinguish themselves from prior works by the inclusion of a fresh (re)weighting regularization. For certain random measurement models, the proposed procedure returns the true solution $\bm{x}$ with high probability in time proportional to reading the data $\{(\bm{a}_i;y_i)\}_{1\le i \le m}$, provided that the number $m$ of equations is some constant $c>0$ times the number $n$ of unknowns, that is, $m\ge cn$. Empirically, the upshots of this contribution are: i) perfect signal recovery in the high-dimensional regime given only an \emph{information-theoretic limit number} of equations; and, ii) (near-)optimal statistical accuracy in the presence of additive noise. Extensive numerical tests using both synthetic data and real images corroborate its improved signal recovery performance and computational efficiency relative to state-of-the-art approaches.
Declines and plateaux in smoking prevalence over three decades in Fiji (2016)

This is the first study to show nationally representative population trends in tobacco smoking in a developing country over such a long period (>30 years) based on empirical unit record data (n = 14 528). Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality throughout the Pacific Island region. This is the first study to show evidence of substantial declines over several decades in a cardiovascular disease risk factor in a Pacific Island country, and provides important evidence for further research into the interventions and events which may have facilitated this decline.
Development of the "hybrid turbo," an electrically assisted turbocharger (2006)

If automotive engines are to achieve better environmental properties and drivability, they must be equipped with more advanced systems for operation control. Electrical operation systems are now being incorporated in engine designs for this purpose. The is an electrically assisted turbocharger with a high-speed motor generator built in. When operating in the low-speed engine mode, the hybrid turbo can achieve better combustion, purer exhaust gas, improved torque response, and torque enhancements with motor assistance. In the high-speed engine mode, it can operate with very high efficiency by achieving regeneration of electric power in excess of the exhaust gas energy. For these reasons, the electrically assisted turbocharger is expected to be adopted as the turbocharger of the future. In recent engine tests, a new hybrid turbo developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has been proven to operate with improved engine torque and enhanced response compared to a conventional turbocharger. The effectiveness of this hybrid turbo has thus been confirmed.
JOSEPH WILHELM WEILER, JULIUS WEILER UND DAS ANILIN: ZUR ENTWICKLUNGSGESCHICHTE DER DEUTSCHEN TEERFARBENINDUSTRIE UND DER CHEMISCHEN TECHNIK VOR DEM ERSTEN WELTKRIEG (1988)

Article JOSEPH WILHELM WEILER, JULIUS WEILER UND DAS ANILIN: ZUR ENTWICKLUNGSGESCHICHTE DER DEUTSCHEN TEERFARBENINDUSTRIE UND DER CHEMISCHEN TECHNIK VOR DEM ERSTEN WELTKRIEG was published on November 1, 1988 in the journal Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte (volume 33, issue 4).
Microwave Tomography for Brain Imaging: Feasibility Assessment for Stroke Detection (2008)

There is a need for a medical imaging technology, that supplements current clinical brain imaging techniques, for the near‐patient and mobile assessment of cerebral vascular disease. Microwave tomography (MWT) is a novel imaging modality that has this potential. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility, and potential performance characteristics, of MWT for brain imaging with particular focus on stroke detection. The study was conducted using MWT computer simulations and 2D head model with stroke. A nonlinear Newton reconstruction approach was used. The MWT imaging of deep brain tissues presents a significant challenge, as the brain is an object of interest that is located inside a high dielectric contrast shield, comprising the skull and CSF. However, high performance, nonlinear MWT inversion methods produced biologically meaningful images of the brain including images of stroke. It is suggested that multifrequency MWT has the potential to significantly improve imaging results.
Analysis of hepatitis C virus resistance to silibinin in vitro and in vivo points to a novel mechanism involving nonstructural protein 4B (2013)

Mutations conferring partial resistance to SIL treatment in vivo and in cell culture argue for a mechanism involving NS4B. This novel mode of action renders SIL an attractive candidate for combination therapies with other directly acting antiviral drugs, particularly in difficult-to-treat patient cohorts.
Derivation and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2006)

Since their derivation in 1998, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been the center of tremendous scientific efforts in improve the existing methodologies for their isolation and maintenance to exhaust the potential use of these unique cells in cell-based therapy and developmental research. To date, there are more than 50 reported well-characterized hESC lines worldwide. hESCs are traditionally isolated from the blastocysts on mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The most used method for isolating the inner cell mass from the human blastocyst is immunosurgery. This chapter focuses on the basic methods for the derivation and maintenance of hESC lines.
Periodicity of Attraction of Adult Melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata (1992)

POWELL, J. E., AND L. LAMBERT. 1984. Effects of three resistant genotypes on development of Microplitis croceiopes and leaf consumption by its Heliothis spp. hosts. J. Agric. Entomol. 1: 169-176. SAS INSTITUTE. 1985. SAS User's Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina. SMITH, C. M. 1985. Expression, mechanisms and chemistry of resistance in soybean, Glycine max L. (Merr.), to the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). Insect Sci. Appl. 6: 243-248. STEEL, R. G. D., AND J. H. TORRIE. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 633 pp.
5G-ALLSTAR: An Integrated Satellite-Cellular System for 5G and Beyond (2020)

This paper provides an overview of recent research activities of the 5G AgiLe and fLexible integration of SaTellite And cellulaR (5G-ALLSTAR) project which aims to develop Multi-Connectivity technology that integrates the cellular and satellite networks to provide seamless, reliable and ubiquitous broadband services. 5G-ALLSTAR also entails developing millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G New Radio (NR)-based cellular access system and investigating the feasibility of NR-based satellite access for providing broadband and reliable 5G services. In addition, spectrum sharing between cellular and satellite networks is studied. With all the technologies developed, 5G-ALLSTAR will showcase the first fully integrated satellite and cellular prototype system for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) services at a big event (e.g., sporting event like Roland-Garros) in 2021. This paper also provides a preliminary techno-economic analysis on potential use cases targeting vertical markets, and introduces recent standardization activities of relevance.
A Cerebral and Ocular Tumor of Reticular Tissue in a Horse (1971)

An intracerebral and intraocular neoplasm occurred in a 15-year-old horse. The horse presented with signs of a cerebral space-occupying lesion, blindness, and opacity of the vitreous body. There were a number of cell types within the well-defined tumor, some of which were multinucleate, and some apparently exhibited phagocytosis. The tumor was productive of reticulin fibres. The tumor was diagnosed as a microglioma, an unusual human tumor and one not previously reported in the horse. The intraocular metastasis of the tumor is unique.
Tracking Property of Adjacent Track Servo System for Optical Disk Drives (2011)

An adjacent track servo (ATS) technology for recording to an optical disk without track information is expected to produce optical disks with lower cost. The main problem of the ATS system is its stability. Generally, ATS systems become stable with a feed-forward controller. However, we found that the tracking property of the ATS system with feed-forward controller is not enough to suppress tracking errors of optical disk drives. We propose another feed-forward controller to obtain a faster response, and by simulation, we show that the controller keeps tracking errors small enough.
A Non-Parametric Estimator for Reserve Prices in Procurement Auctions (2003)

Abstract. Electronic auction markets collect large amounts of auction field data. This enables a structural estimation of the bid distributions and the possibility to derive optimal reserve prices. In this paper we propose a new approach to setting reserve prices. In contrast to traditional auction theory we use the buyer’s risk statement for getting a winning bid as a key criterion to set an optimal reserve price. The reserve price for a given probability can then be derived from the distribution function of the observed drop-out bids. In order to get an accurate model of this function, we propose a nonparametric technique based on kernel distribution function estimators and the use of order statistics. We improve our estimatior by additional information, which can be observed about bidders and qualitative differences of goods in past auctions rounds (e.g. different delivery times). This makes the technique applicable to RFQs and multi-attribute auctions, with qualitatively differentiated offers.
A Binary Genetic Approach to Characterize TRPM5 Cells in Mice (2015)

Transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) is an important downstream signaling component in a subset of taste receptor cells making it a potential target for taste modulation. Interestingly, TRPM5 has been detected in extra-oral tissues; however, the function of extra-gustatory TRPM5-expressing cells is less well understood. To facilitate visualization and manipulation of TRPM5-expressing cells in mice, we generated a Cre knock-in TRPM5 allele by homologous recombination. We then used the novel TRPM5-IRES-Cre mouse strain to report TRPM5 expression by activating a τGFP transgene. To confirm faithful coexpression of τGFP and TRPM5 we generated and validated a new anti-TRPM5 antiserum enabling us to analyze acute TRPM5 protein expression. τGFP cells were found in taste bud cells of the vallate, foliate, and fungiform papillae as well as in the palate. We also detected TRPM5 expression in several other tissues such as in the septal organ of Masera. Interestingly, in the olfactory epithelium of adult mice acute TRPM5 expression was detected in only one (short microvillar cells) of two cell populations previously reported to express TRPM5. The TRPM5-IC mouse strain described here represents a novel genetic tool and will facilitate the study and tissue-specific manipulation of TRPM5-expressing cells in vivo.
Use of a batch-stirred reactor to rationally tailor biocatalytic polytransesterification (2000)

Despite favorable thermodynamics, high-molecular weight and low-dispersity polyesters are difficult to synthesize biocatalytically in organic solvents. We have reported previously that the elimination of solvent can improve the kinetics and apparent equilibrium significantly (Chaudhary et al., 1997a). We now present the design and use of a batch-stirred enzyme reactor to control the biocatalytic polymerization. Using the reactor, polyester having a molecular weight of 23,400 Da and a polydispersity of 1.69 was synthesized in only 1 h at 60 degrees C. Additional factors like enzyme-deactivation kinetics, enzyme specificity, and initial exothermicity were investigated to develop a better understanding of this complex reaction system.
Antitumor effects of dammarane-type saponins from steamed Notoginseng (2014)

Six dammarane-type saponins were extracted from steamed Panax notoginseng. Their chemical structures were identified spectroscopically as ginsenosides Rh1 (1), Rg1 (2), 20 (S)-Rg3 (3), 20 (R)-Rg3 (4), Rb3 (5), and Rb1 (6). Compounds (0.1-10 μM) were tested for inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) luciferase reporter activity using a human kidney 293T cell-based assay. Ginsenoside Rb3 (5) showed the most significant activity with an IC50 of 8.2 μM. This compound also inhibited the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in a dose-dependent manner after HepG2 cells had been treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL).
High-resolution restoration of 3D structures from widefield images with extreme low signal-to-noise-ratio (2013)

Four-dimensional fluorescence microscopy--which records 3D image information as a function of time--provides an unbiased way of tracking dynamic behavior of subcellular components in living samples and capturing key events in complex macromolecular processes. Unfortunately, the combination of phototoxicity and photobleaching can severely limit the density or duration of sampling, thereby limiting the biological information that can be obtained. Although widefield microscopy provides a very light-efficient way of imaging, obtaining high-quality reconstructions requires deconvolution to remove optical aberrations. Unfortunately, most deconvolution methods perform very poorly at low signal-to-noise ratios, thereby requiring moderate photon doses to obtain acceptable resolution. We present a unique deconvolution method that combines an entropy-based regularization function with kernels that can exploit general spatial characteristics of the fluorescence image to push the required dose to extreme low levels, resulting in an enabling technology for high-resolution in vivo biological imaging.
Study on Mounting Position of IMU for Better Accuracy of ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation (2019)

We present a study on the effect of mounting position of IMU to a foot on the navigation accuracy of ZUPT-aided pedestrian inertial navigation. In this study, we compared two IMU mounting positions, forefoot and heel, in terms of the length of the stance phase, velocity uncertainty, and the shock level during the stance phase. Circular Error Probable (CEP) of localization was experimentally demonstrated to be reduced by about 50%, when mounting the IMU on the forefoot rather than behind the heel. The conclusion was demonstrated by investigating different walking paces, types of floors (hard floor, grass lawn, and sand), trajectories (upstairs and downstairs), and gait patterns produced by different persons. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to investigate the velocity uncertainty during the stance phase in pedestrian navigation, a critical characteristic of ZUPT-aided algorithms.
FAM19A4/miR124‐2 methylation in invasive cervical cancer: A retrospective cross‐sectional worldwide study (2019)

Widespread adoption of primary human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening has encouraged the search for a triage test which retains high sensitivity for the detection of cervical cancer and precancer, but increases specificity to avoid overtreatment. Methylation analysis of FAM19A4 and miR124-2 genes has shown promise for the triage of high-risk (hr) HPV-positive women. In our study, we assessed the consistency of FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation analysis in the detection of cervical cancer in a series of 519 invasive cervical carcinomas (n = 314 cervical scrapes, n = 205 tissue specimens) from over 25 countries, using a quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP)-based assay (QIAsure Methylation Test®). Positivity rates stratified per histotype, FIGO stage, hrHPV status, hrHPV genotype, sample type and geographical region were calculated. In total, 510 of the 519 cervical carcinomas (98.3%; 95% CI: 96.7-99.2) tested FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation-positive. Test positivity was consistent across the different subgroups based on cervical cancer histotype, FIGO stage, hrHPV status, hrHPV genotype, sample type and geographical region. In conclusion, FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation analysis detects nearly all cervical carcinomas, including rare histotypes and hrHPV-negative carcinomas. These results indicate that a negative FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation assay result is likely to rule out the presence of cervical cancer.
Feasibility Study of Ge-Sb-Te Phase-Change Optical Disk Medium for One-Pass Overwrite Digital Audio Recording (1992)

A phase-change optical disk medium utilizing a Ge 12 Sb 39 Te 49 memory film showed characteristics suitable for one-pass overwriteable digital audio disk system at a low linear velocity of 1.3 m/s. Applying the multipulse recording method, the eight to fourteen modulatlon (EFM) signals were successfully overwritten using only one laser beam with a small block error rate (BLER) of &lt;50 counts/s. The laser irradiation power was typically 13 mW for the peak power level and 7 mW for the bias level. The available cycle number was observed to be more than 10 4 cycles with a practical sufficient laser power tolerance of + / -20%.