gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Escape (2008)

Many mobile devices have touch-sensitive screens that people interact with using fingers or thumbs. However, such interaction is difficult because targets become occluded, and because fingers and thumbs have low input resolution. Recent research has addressed occlusion through visual techniques. However, the poor resolution of finger and thumb selection still limits selection speed. In this paper, we address the selection speed problem through a new target selection technique called Escape. In Escape, targets are selected by gestures cued by icon position and appearance. A user study shows that for targets six to twelve pixels wide, Escape performs at a similar error rate and at least 30% faster than Shift, an alternative technique, on a similar task. We evaluate Escape's performance in different circumstances, including different icon sizes, icon overlap, use of color, and gesture direction. We also describe an algorithm that assigns icons to targets, thereby improving Escape's performance.
Polymeric 16×16 digital optical switch matrix (2005)

We present experimental results on the first integrated optical 16/spl times/16 strictly non-blocking polymeric switch matrix based on 1/spl times/2 digital optical switches. The prototype exhibits an insertion loss around 6 dB and an extinction of better than 30 dB. The polarization dependence is low.
Radial‐EBUS and virtual bronchoscopy planner for peripheral lung cancer diagnosis: How it became the first‐line endoscopic procedure (2022)

Because r-EBUS and VB planner is easy to perform under local anesthesia, inexpensive and efficient it can be used as a first-line procedure to assess peripheral lung cancer.
Morphine potentiates neurodegenerative effects of HIV-1 Tat through actions at -opioid receptor-expressing glia (2011)

Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 who abuse opiates can have a higher incidence of virus-associated neuropathology. Human immunodeficiency virus does not infect neurons, but viral proteins such as transactivator of transcription and glycoprotein 120, originating from infected glia, are neurotoxic. Moreover, functional changes in glial cells that enhance inflammation and reduce trophic support are increasingly implicated in human immunodeficiency virus neuropathology. In previous studies, co-exposure with morphine enhanced transactivator of transcription neurotoxicity towards cultured striatal neurons. Since those cultures contained µ-opioid receptor-expressing astroglia and microglia, and since glia are the principal site of infection in the central nervous system, we hypothesized that morphine synergy might be glially mediated. A 60 hour, repeated measures paradigm and multiple co-culture models were used to investigate the cellular basis for opiate-enhanced human immunodeficiency virus neurotoxicity. Morphine co-exposure significantly enhanced transactivator of transcription-induced neuron death when glia were present. Synergistic effects of morphine on transactivator of transcription neurotoxicity were greatest with neuron-glia contact, but also occurred to a lesser extent with glial conditioned medium. Importantly, synergy was lost if glia, but not neurons, lacked µ-opioid receptors, indicating that opiate interactions with human immunodeficiency virus converge at the level of µ-opioid receptor-expressing glia. Morphine enhanced transactivator of transcription-induced inflammatory effectors released by glia, elevating reactive oxygen species, increasing 3-nitrotyrosine production by microglia, and reducing the ability of glia to buffer glutamate. But neuron survival was reduced even more with glial contact than with exposure to conditioned medium, suggesting that noxious elements associated with cell contact augment the toxicity due to soluble factors. Similar morphine-transactivator of transcription synergy was also observed in studies with the clade C sequence of HIV-1 transactivator of transcription, which did not cause neuron death unless morphine was present. Several paradoxical observations related to opiate effects were noted when µ-opioid receptors were specifically ablated from either glia or neurons. This suggests that µ-opioid receptor loss in isolated cell types can fundamentally distort cell-to-cell signalling, revealing opponent processes that may exist in individual cell types. Our findings show the critical role of glia in orchestrating neurotoxic interactions of morphine and transactivator of transcription, and support the emerging concept that combined exposure to opiates and human immunodeficiency virus drives enhanced pathology within the central nervous system.
Development of a Scalable and Practical Synthesis of AB928, a Dual A2a/A2b Receptor Antagonist (2020)

AB928 is a potent and selective dual antagonist of the A2a and A2b receptors, which is currently in clinical trials. Here, we report the development of two scalable and practical syntheses of AB928. The first-generation synthesis was used to successfully obtain AB928 in excellent yield and purity to support our preclinical and initial clinical studies. Recently, we have developed a second-generation synthesis of AB928 featuring a palladium-free protocol to access 3-(2-amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile, a key intermediate in the AB928 synthesis. The new method is scalable, practical, and significantly more cost-effective.
Styrene/Butadiene Gradient Block Copolymers:  Molecular and Mesoscopic Structures (2007)

Rubbery−glassy block copolymer dispersions are an attractive solution for toughening rigid thermoplastics like polystyrene without affecting optical transparency. An interesting facet of the copolymers used is molecular disorder, artificially introduced during anionic synthesis through composition gradients along the copolymer chain and/or blending and partial coupling of different copolymers. In particular, this level of disorder is apparently a key to achieve the desired PS/copolymer blend morphologies and properties in short processing times. In this work, we investigate the role of these “synthesis imperfections” on self-assembly of styrene-rich asymmetric gradient triblock copolymers, denoted S1−G−S2, where Si are pure polystyrene blocks and G is a gradient copolymer of styrene and butadiene. Kinetic modeling of conversion data is used to predict gradient composition profiles for the anionic copolymerization conditions used. Self-assembly, dynamic viscoelastic behavior, and experimentally determined mesoscopic composition profiles across microdomains are discussed in light of the particular copolymer structure.
Comparison of electrically mediated and liposome-complexed plasmid DNA delivery to the skin (2008)

Electroporation enhances reporter plasmid delivery to the skin to a greater extent than the liposome conjugation method tested. Multiple deliveries do not necessarily result in higher or longer term expression. In addition, some impact on tissue integrity with respect to surface damage is observed. Pulsing conditions should be optimized for the model and for the expression profile desired.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Chiral Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework ZIOC-2 (2022)

A new chiral hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) ZIOC-2 was synthesized using an optically active building block, namely, l-prolineamide-substituted diarylacetylenedicarboxylic acid (4,4′-ethyne-1,2-diyl-bis[3-(l-prolylamino) benzoic acid], EDPABA). Self-assembly of EDPABA in aqueous medium results in the crystallization of either sesquihydrate ZIOC-2 1.5H2O or tetrahydrate ZIOC-2 4H2O. The latter tetrahydrate form can be irreversibly transformed into the sesquihydrate one under heating up to 35 °C. The full dehydration of the sesquihydrate form occurs at 150 °C in open air and at 220 °C, when the sample was placed into a sealed capillary. The anhydrous crystalline form, denoted as ZIOC-2, remains intact upon heating up to 225 °C. Crystal structures of the synthesized novel materials were established with the use of X-ray powder diffraction data. The structural examinations have shown that the ZIOC-2 framework can reversibly absorb and desorb water molecules. The potential application field of the novel HOF material can be related to the absorption from liquid and gas phases.
<title>Overview of micromachined platforms for thermal sensing and gas detection</title> (1997)

Micromachined hotplates, membranes, filaments, and cantilevers have all been used as platforms for thermal sensing and gas detection. Compared with conventional devices, micromachined sensors are characterized by low power consumption, high sensitivity, and fast response time. Much of these gains can be attributed to the size reductions achieved by micromachining. In addition, micromachining permits easy, yet precise tailoring of the heat transfer characteristics of these devices. By simple alterations in device geometry and materials used, the relative magnitudes of radiation, convection and conduction losses and Joule heat gains can be adjusted, and in this way device response can be optimized for specific applications. The free- standing design of micromachined platforms, for example, reduces heat conduction losses to the substrate, thereby making them attractive as low-power, fast-response heaters suitable for a number of applications. However, while micromachining solves some of the heat transfer problems typical of conventionally produced devices, it introduces some of its own. These trade-offs will be discussed in the context of several micromachined thermal and gas sensors described in the literature. These include micromachined flow sensors, gas thermal conductivity sensors, pressure sensors, uncooled IR sensors, metal-oxide and catalytic/calorimetric gas sensors. Recent results obtained for a microbridge-based catalytic/calorimetric gas sensor will also be presented as a means of further illustrating the concepts of thermal design in micromachined sensors.
Geniom® Technology—The Benchtop Array Facility (2003)

Febit AG develops an integrated benchtop instrument for in situ microarrays preparation, hybridization, readout and data analysis.
Genetic Influences on Patient-Oriented Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Living Systematic Review of Non-Apolipoprotein E Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (2018)

There is a growing literature on the impact of genetic variation on outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whereas a substantial proportion of these publications have focused on the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, several have explored the influence of other polymorphisms. We undertook a systematic review of the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in non-apolipoprotein E (non-APOE) genes associated with patient outcomes in adult TBI). We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and gray literature from inception to the beginning of August 2017 for studies of genetic variance in relation to patient outcomes in adult TBI. Sixty-eight articles were deemed eligible for inclusion into the systematic review. The SNPs described were in the following categories: neurotransmitter (NT) in 23, cytokine in nine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in 12, mitochondrial genes in three, and miscellaneous SNPs in 21. All studies were based on small patient cohorts and suffered from potential bias. A range of SNPs associated with genes coding for monoamine NTs, BDNF, cytokines, and mitochondrial proteins have been reported to be associated with variation in global, neuropsychiatric, and behavioral outcomes. An analysis of the tissue, cellular, and subcellular location of the genes that harbored the SNPs studied showed that they could be clustered into blood-brain barrier associated, neuroprotective/regulatory, and neuropsychiatric/degenerative groups. Several small studies report that various NT, cytokine, and BDNF-related SNPs are associated with variations in global outcome at 6-12 months post-TBI. The association of these SNPs with neuropsychiatric and behavioral outcomes is less clear. A definitive assessment of role and effect size of genetic variation in these genes on outcome remains uncertain, but could be clarified by an adequately powered genome-wide association study with appropriate recording of outcomes.
Use of Gammarus sp. for toxicity testing. A case study with the growth regulator insecticide fenoxycarb (2018)

Gammarus sp. (Amphipoda) are widely distributed across European freshwater systems. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a fenoxycarb exposure on Gammarus sp.. More specifically, i) we assessed the sensitivity of the embryo stage, ii) we identified embryogenesis' sensitive period, iii) we evaluated the sensitivity of the reproductive period and iv) we compared the response to fenoxycarb exposure among three European gammarid species. Fenoxycarb is a growth regulator insecticide, analog of the insect juvenile hormone, used for pest management and for veterinary purpose. This study demonstrated that 5 and 50 µg L
Titelbild: Reversible Magnetic Agglomeration: A Mechanism for Thermodynamic Control over Nanoparticle Size (Angew. Chem. 26/2018) (2018)

Ein Gleichgewicht zwischen magnetischen Wechselwirkungen und Dispersionskräften kann das Wachstum von Nanopartikeln thermodynamisch steuern. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 7804 zeigen D. L. Huber et al., dass beim Wachstum magnetischer Nanopartikel ab einer kritischen Größe magnetische Wechselwirkungen bestimmend werden. Dadurch kommt es zur Aggregation anstelle eines fortgesetzten Wachstums. Die Nanopartikelgröße lässt sich direkt über die Dispersionskräfte vorgeben (etwa durch die Wahl eines Tensids), und die Aggregation erweist sich als ein reversibler Prozess. Ein Gleichgewicht zwischen magnetischen Wechselwirkungen und Dispersionskräften kann das Wachstum von Nanopartikeln thermodynamisch steuern. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 7804 zeigen D. L. Huber et al., dass beim Wachstum magnetischer Nanopartikel ab einer kritischen Größe magnetische Wechselwirkungen bestimmend werden. Dadurch kommt es zur Aggregation anstelle eines fortgesetzten Wachstums. Die Nanopartikelgröße lässt sich direkt über die Dispersionskräfte vorgeben (etwa durch die Wahl eines Tensids), und die Aggregation erweist sich als ein reversibler Prozess. Enzymkatalyse Uran Asymmetrische Katalyse
CRAWDAD dataset ibm/watson (v. 2003-02-19) (2003)

This dataset includes SNMP records for a corporate research center (IBM Watson research center) over several weeks
Ultrasensitive Label Free Biosensors Enables Seeing Protein Monolayers with The Naked Eye (2011)

By exploiting plasmonic sub-radiant dark modes, we demonstrate ultrasensitive biosensors with record high figure of merits (FOM~162). We also show direct detection of single monolayers of proteins with naked eye using associated fundamental Fano resonances.
A two-stage cascade nonlinear dynamical model of single neurons for the separation and quantification of pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms of synaptic transmission (2011)

Neurons receive pre-synaptic spike trains and transform them into post-synaptic spike trains. This spike train to spike train temporal transformation underlies all cognitive functions performed by neurons, e.g., learning and memory. The transformation is a highly nonlinear dynamical process that involves both pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms. The ability to separate and quantify the nonlinear dynamics of pre- and post-synaptic mechanism is needed to gain insights into this transformation. In this study, we developed a Volterra kernel based two-stage cascade model of synaptic transmission using synaptically-driven intracellular activities, to which broadband stimulation conditions were imposed. The first stage of the model represents the pre-synaptic mechanisms and describes the nonlinear dynamical transformation from pre-synaptic spike trains to transmitter vesicle release strengths. The vesicle release strengths were obtained from the intracellularly recorded excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs). The second stage of the model represents the post-synaptic mechanisms and describes the nonlinear dynamical transformation from release strengths to excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs). One application of this cascade model is to analyze the pre- and post-synaptic mechanism change induced by long-term potentiation (LTP). This future application is expected to shed new light on the expression locus of LTP.
New Phenol Esters for Efficient pH-Controlled Amine Acylation of Peptides, Proteins, and Sepharose Beads in Aqueous Media (2021)

This paper describes the discovery, synthesis, and use of novel water-soluble acylation reagents for efficient and selective modification, cross-linking, and labeling of proteins and peptides, as well as for their use in the effective modification of sepharose beads under pH control in aqueous media. The reagents are based on a 2,4-dichloro-6-sulfonic acid phenol ester core combined with a variety of linker structures. The combination of these motifs leads to an ideal balance between hydrolytic stability and reactivity. At high pH, good to excellent conversions (up to 95%) and regioselectivity (up to 99:1 <i>N</i><sup>ε</sup>/<i>N</i><sup>α</sup> amine ratio) in the acylation were realized, exemplified by the chemical modification of incretin peptides and insulin. At neutral pH, an unusually high preference toward the <i>N</i>-terminal phenylalanine in an insulin derivative was observed (>99:1 <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>/<i>N</i><sup>ε</sup>), which is up until now unprecedented in the literature for more elaborate reagents. In addition, the unusually high hydrolytic stability of these reagents and their ability to efficiently react at low concentrations (28 μM or 0.1 mg/mL) are exemplified with a hydroxy linker-based reagent and are a unique feature of this work.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Fused Twins: A Review of Access to Digital Twins in situ in Smart Cities (2022)

Smart Cities already surround us, and yet they are still incomprehensibly far from directly impacting everyday life. While current Smart Cities are often inaccessible, the experience of everyday citizens may be enhanced with a combination of the emerging technologies Digital Twins (DTs) and Situated Analytics. DTs represent their Physical Twin (PT) in the real world via models, simulations, (remotely) sensed data, context awareness, and interactions. However, interaction requires appropriate interfaces to address the complexity of the city. Ultimately, leveraging the potential of Smart Cities requires going beyond assembling the DT to be comprehensive and accessible. Situated Analytics allows for the anchoring of city information in its spatial context. We advance the concept of embedding the DT into the PT through Situated Analytics to form Fused Twins (FTs). This fusion allows access to data in the location that it is generated in an embodied context that can make the data more understandable. Prototypes of FTs are rapidly emerging from different domains, but Smart Cities represent the context with the most potential for FTs in the future. This paper reviews DTs, Situated Analytics, and Smart Cities as the foundations of FTs. Regarding DTs, we define five components (Physical, Data, Analytical, Virtual, and Connection environments) that we relate to several cognates (i.e., similar but different terms) from existing literature. Regarding Situated Analytics, we review the effects of user embodiment on cognition and cognitive load. Finally, we classify existing partial examples of FTs from the literature and address their construction from Augmented Reality, Geographic Information Systems, Building/City Information Models, and DTs and provide an overview of future direction
Relaxed matching kernels for robust image comparison (2008)

The popular bag-of-features representation for object recognition collects signatures of local image patches and discards spatial information. Some have recently attempted to at least partially overcome this limitation, for instance by ldquospatial pyramidsrdquo and ldquoproximityrdquo kernels. We introduce the general formalism of ldquorelaxed matching kernelsrdquo (RMKs) that includes such approaches as special cases, allow us to derive useful general properties of these kernels, and to introduce new ones. As an example, we introduce a kernel based on matching graphs of features and one based on matching information-compressed features. We show that all RMKs are competitive and outperform in several cases recently published state-of-the-art results on standard datasets. However, we also show that a proper implementation of a baseline bag-of-features algorithm can be extremely competitive, and outperform the other methods in some cases.
Topology Optimization of Coupled Photonic Crystal Cavities for Flat-top Drop Filter Functionality (2015)

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) filters desire a flat-top and unity pass-band bandwidth to ensure signal fidelity and to increase the tolerance to signal wavelength shifts [1, 2]. In silicon photonics such performance is typically obtained by utilizing e.g. a binary tree of cascaded Mach-Zehnder-like lattice filters [1] or coupled optical micro-ring resonators [2]. Moving away from conventional design solutions, it has been demonstrated that flat-top filter responses can be obtained by carefully designing the coupling and phase matching conditions between ultra-compact cavities in coupled photonic crystal (PhC) cavity systems [3]. However, designing PhC flat-top filters is not straight forward and may not give optimal solutions due to a limited design parameter space.
Magnetic field observations in CoFeB/Ta layers with 0.67-nm resolution by electron holography (2017)

Nanometre-scale magnetic field distributions in materials such as those at oxide interfaces, in thin layers of spintronics devices, and at boundaries in magnets have become important research targets in materials science and applied physics. Electron holography has advantages in nanometric magnetic field observations, and the realization of aberration correctors has improved its spatial resolution. Here we show the subnanometre magnetic field observations inside a sample at 0.67-nm resolution achieved by an aberration-corrected 1.2-MV holography electron microscope with a pulse magnetization system. A magnetization reduction due to intermixing in a CoFeB/Ta multilayer is analyzed by observing magnetic field and electrostatic potential distributions simultaneously. Our results demonstrate that high-voltage electron holography can be widely applied to pin-point magnetization analysis with structural and composition information in physics, chemistry, and materials science.
Dynamic Proteomics: a database for dynamics and localizations of endogenous fluorescently-tagged proteins in living human cells (2009)

Recent advances allow tracking the levels and locations of a thousand proteins in individual living human cells over time using a library of annotated reporter cell clones (LARC). This library was created by Cohen et al. to study the proteome dynamics of a human lung carcinoma cell-line treated with an anti-cancer drug. Here, we report the Dynamic Proteomics database for the proteins studied by Cohen et al. Each cell-line clone in LARC has a protein tagged with yellow fluorescent protein, expressed from its endogenous chromosomal location, under its natural regulation. The Dynamic Proteomics interface facilitates searches for genes of interest, downloads of protein fluorescent movies and alignments of dynamics following drug addition. Each protein in the database is displayed with its annotation, cDNA sequence, fluorescent images and movies obtained by the time-lapse microscopy. The protein dynamics in the database represents a quantitative trace of the protein fluorescence levels in nucleus and cytoplasm produced by image analysis of movies over time. Furthermore, a sequence analysis provides a search and comparison of up to 50 input DNA sequences with all cDNAs in the library. The raw movies may be useful as a benchmark for developing image analysis tools for individual-cell dynamic-proteomics. The database is available at http://www.dynamicproteomics.net/.
Primitive angular distribution studies of internal states in crossed-beam reactions using laser fluorescence detection (1974)

First Page