gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The assessment of the impact of mask pattern shape variation on the OPC-modeling by using SEM-contours from wafer and mask (2011)

Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) becomes complicated, shrinking a design rule. As a result, measurement points have increased, and improving the OPC model quality has become more difficult. To improve OPC simulation cost, Contour-based OPC-modeling is superior to CD-based, because Contour-based shape based rich information. Hence, Contour-based OPC-modeling is imperative in the next generation lithography, as reported in SPIE2010[5]. In this study, Mask SEM-contours were input into OPC model calibration in order to verify the impact of mask pattern shape on the quality of the OPC model. Advanced SEM contouring technology was applied to both of Wafer CD-SEM and Mask CD-SEM in examining the effectiveness of OPC model calibration. The evaluation results of the model quality will be reported. The advantage of Contour based OPC modeling using Wafer SEM-Contour and Mask SEM-Contour in the next generation computational lithography will be discussed.
Abstract 5575: Mass spectrometry analysis of the posttranslational modifications of alpha-enolase from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (2010)

Abstract Enolase is one of the most abundantly expressed cytosolic proteins in many organisms, and it is a key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Recently, accumulating evidence revealed that, in addition to its innate glycolytic function, the well characterized old enzyme enolase is a multifunctional protein and plays an important role in several biological and pathophysiological processes: 1) by using an alternative start codon, the α-enolase mRNA can be translated into a 37 kDa protein which lacks the first 96 amino acid residues. This protein is localized in the nucleus and can bind to the c-myc P2 promoter and negatively regulate transcription of the proto-oncogene; 2) α-enolase has been detected on the surface of hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, T cells and B cells, neuronal cells and endothelial cells as a strong plasminogen-binding receptor, modulating the pericellular and intravascular fibrinolytic system. The expression of α-enolase on the surface of a variety of eukaryotic cells has been found to be dependent on the pathophysiological conditions of these cells, however, how α-enolase is displayed on the cell surface remains unknown; 3) increased expression of enolase has been reported to correlated with progression of tumors, such as neuroendocrine tumors, neuroblastoma and lung cancers, and enolase has been considered to be a diagnostic marker for many tumors. Our previous studies demonstrated that α-enolase is up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. The mean life expectancy is 15-18 months for patients with local and regional disease, and only 3-6 months for those with metastatic disease. In this present work, we further characterized the α-enolase from PDAC by reversed-phase liquid chromatography nanospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and an LTQ-Orbitrap instrument, and identified multiple posttranslational modifications of α-enolase, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation. The mass spectrometer LTQ-Orbitrap provides high accuracy mass measurement that is essential for the validation of modified peptide identifications and the reduction of false positive identifications. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5575.
Characteristics of the α-Adrenergic Stimulation of Adrenocorticotropin Secretion in Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells (1981)

Specificity of the a-adrenergic control of ACTH secretion was studied in rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. The α-adrenergic specificity of ACTH secretion is demonstrated by the following order of potency of catecholaminergic agents: epinephrine (20 nM) > norepinephrine (30 nM) » isoproterenol = doparnine (10μM). While epinephrine and norepinephrine lead to a 7- to 10-fold stimulation of ACTH secretion, clonidine and phenylephrine act as partial agonists and cause a 3- to 4-fold increase of ACTH release. Paraaminoclonidine and methoxamine have no significant effect up to 10 μM. α-Adrenergic antagonists inhibit epinephrine-induced ACTH release in the following order of potency: prazosin > WB-4101 » yohimbine, with Ka values of 0.06, 0.4, and 70 nM, respectively, thus indicating that the α-adrenergic receptor controlling ACTH secretion is of the α1 type. Dihydroergocornine and dihydroergocryptine, two ergot derivatives, show a-adrenergic antagonistic activity at low Kd values of 0.8 and 1.5 nM, respectively. The serotonergic antagonists cyproheptadine and methysergide can also act as antagonists on the pituitary α-adrenergic receptor. The dopamine antagonists chlorpromazine, haloperidol, (+)butaclamol, and spiroperidol are also potent α-adrenergic antagonists. These data demonstrate that ACTH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells is under specific α1-adrenergic control. The high degree of sensitivity of the α-adrenergic mechanisms stimulating ACTH secretion in rat corticotrophs suggests that epinephrine and/or norepinephrine of hypothalamic and/or peripheral origin are involved as physiological corticotropin-releasing factors. Moreover, it is hoped that the availability of a pure population of postsynaptic α1-adrenergic receptors controlling ACTH secretion could be used as a model for other less accessible α-adrenergic systems.
Synthesis and characterization of phenylated aromatic poly(amide–amide)s (1998)

A modified new aromatic diamine 2,5-bis[(4-aminophenyl)4-benzamide]-3,4-diphenyl thiophene (VI) with preformed amide linkages and pendant phenyl substituents was synthesized, characterized by IR, NMR, mass spectroscopy, and a physical constant. Novel poly(amide–amide)s were synthesized from VI and aromatic diacid chlorides in N,N-dimethylacetamide by a solution polycondensation technique. The polymers were obtained in 98–100% yields and showed reduced viscosities in the range of 0.80–2.68 dL/g. They were readily soluble in aprotic polar solvents. These poly(amide–amide)s showed glass transition temperatures of 277–280°C as measured by DSC and showed no weight loss below 412°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The polymers showed moisture regain in the range of 9.52–12.67%. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1523–1530, 1998
Wireless electric vehicle charging via capacitive power transfer through a conformal bumper (2015)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is emerging as a practical means for electric vehicle (EV) charging. Of the three main approaches to WPT, resonant inductive, inductive, and capacitive coupling, capacitive power transfer (CPT) is proposed herein to charge an EV at a kilowatt scale power level. CPT implementation replaces copper coils and ferrous core focusing/shield materials of inductive approaches with foil surfaces making CPT cost effective and structurally simple to implement, while maintaining efficient power transfer capability. This paper addresses each facet of kilowatt scale CPT system development, namely achieving high coupling capacitance between the vehicle and charging station and the associated drive power electronics. High capacitive coupling is achieved through a conformal (flexible and compressive) foam transmitter bumper that molds and contours itself to the vehicle to minimize air gap during charging. An experimental docking station to charge a Corbin Sparrow EV 156V battery pack was built and measured throughput power is demonstrated at >1kW with a coupling capacitance of 10nF operating at 540kHz.
Thrombosis and Hemorrhage in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Perspective from an Inflammatory Standpoint (2015)

Retinal ischemia and hemorrhage are hallmarks of worsening diabetic retinopathy, which can lead to neovascularization, macular edema, and severe vision loss. Although diabetes alters expression of clotting factors and their activities, and increases retinal microthromboses, the effects of thrombotic processes on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy are not fully understood. In addition to the roles of coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades in thrombosis and hemostasis, components in these systems also mediate multiple effects on the vasculature that promote inflammation. Plasma kallikrein, thrombin, and urokinase are increased in diabetic retinopathy, and exert proinflammatory effects that contribute to retinal vascular dysfunction. The accumulation and activation of these and additional coagulation factors in the vitreous due to hemorrhage and chronic retinal injury in the diabetic retina may contribute to worsening of retinal inflammation and capillary dysfunction, which lead to retinal ischemia and edema. Further understanding of the role for specific coagulation factors in diabetic retinopathy may suggest new therapeutic opportunities for this vision-threatening disease.
Targeted and genome-wide sequencing reveal single nucleotide variations impacting specificity of Cas9 in human stem cells (2014)

CRISPR/Cas9 has demonstrated a high-efficiency in site-specific gene targeting. However, potential off-target effects of the Cas9 nuclease represent a major safety concern for any therapeutic application. Here, we knock out the Tafazzin gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in human-induced pluripotent stem cells with 54% efficiency. We combine whole-genome sequencing and deep-targeted sequencing to characterise the off-target effects of Cas9 editing. Whole-genome sequencing of Cas9-modified hiPSC clones detects neither gross genomic alterations nor elevated mutation rates. Deep sequencing of in silico predicted off-target sites in a population of Cas9-treated cells further confirms high specificity of Cas9. However, we identify a single high-efficiency off-target site that is generated by a common germline single-nucleotide variant (SNV) in our experiment. Based on in silico analysis, we estimate a likelihood of SNVs creating off-target sites in a human genome to be ~1.5-8.5%, depending on the genome and site-selection method, but also note that mutations might be generated at these sites only at low rates and may not have functional consequences. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of highly specific clonal ex vivo gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and highlights the value of whole-genome sequencing before personalised CRISPR design.
Optical characterization of azo dye-based electro-optic polymer films (1994)

We have investigated the photochemistry and optical properties of an azo dye-based electro- optic (EO) copolymer, methacrylate-bound Disperse Red 1/methylmethacrylate (MA1). We present a complete picture of the optical properties of the copolymer at wavelengths ranging from 200 nm to 1800 nm with detection sensitivity over 6 orders of magnitude. We describe intrinsic measurements of absorption loss and also describe how temperature and radiation affect absorption loss. Photochemical investigations reveal details concerning photodelineation of waveguides in MA1. Irreversible photodegradation of the azo chromophore proceeds with both visible and ultra-violet radiation and a quantum yield of 2 X 10<SUP>-5</SUP> is found for 475 nm radiation in MA1.
Evaluating MapReduce for profiling application traffic (2013)

The use of MapReduce for distributed data processing has been growing and achieving benefits with its application for different workloads. MapReduce can be used for distributed traffic analysis, although network traces present characteristics which are not similar to the data type commonly processed through MapReduce. Motivated by the use of MapReduce for profiling application traffic and due to the lack of evaluation of MapReduce for network traffic analysis and the peculiarity of this kind of data, this paper evaluates the performance of MapReduce in packet level analysis and DPI, analysing its scalability, speed-up, and the behavior of MapReduce phases. The experiments provide evidences for the predominant phases in this kind of job, and show the impact of input size, block size and number of nodes, on MapReduce completion time and scalability.
Atherosclerotic plaque characterization by spatial and temporal speckle pattern analysis (2001)

Summary form only given. Our results indicate that different atherosclerotic plaque types may be distinguished by analyzing temporal and spatial speckle pattern fluctuations. Due to the simplicity of this technique and its unique capability to provide information related to the structural and biomechanical properties of plaques, further research is warranted to investigate its potential for clinical use.
Using personal monitoring data to derive organ doses for medical radiation workers in the Million Person Study—considerations regarding NCRP Commentary no. 30 (2020)

The study of low dose and low-dose rate exposure is of central importance in understanding the possible range of health effects from prolonged exposures to radiation. The One Million Person Study of Radiation Workers and Veterans (MPS) of low-dose health effects was designed to evaluate radiation risks among healthy American workers and veterans. The MPS is evaluating low-dose and dose-rate effects, intakes of radioactive elements, cancer and non-cancer outcomes, as well as differences in risks between women and men. Medical radiation workers make up a large group of individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of radiation from external x-ray/gamma exposures. For the MPS, about 100 000 United States medical radiation workers have been selected for study. The approach to the complex dosimetry circumstances for such workers over three to four decades of occupation were initially and broadly described in National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 178. NCRP Commentary No. 30 provides more detail and describes an optimum approach for using personal monitoring data to estimate lung and other organ doses applicable to the cohort and provides specific precautions/considerations applicable to the dosimetry of medical radiation worker organ doses for use in epidemiologic studies. The use of protective aprons creates dosimetric complexity. It is recommended that dose values from dosimeters worn over a protective apron be reduced by a factor of 20 for estimating mean organ doses to tissues located in the torso and that 15% of the marrow should be assumed to remain unshielded for exposure scenarios when aprons are worn. Conversion coefficients relating personal dose equivalent,<i>H</i><sub>p</sub>(10) in mSv, to mean absorbed doses to organs and tissues,<i>D</i><sub>T</sub>in mGy, for females and males for six exposure scenarios have been determined and presented for use in the MPS. This Memorandum summarises several key points in NCRP Commentary No. 30.
Reductive Isopropyl Radical Elimination from (dpp‐bian)Mg‐iPr(Et2O) (2005)

Abstract The reaction of (dpp‐bian)Na(Et 2 O) with one equiv. of i PrMgCl in hexane affords (dpp‐bian)Mg‐ i Pr(Et 2 O) ( 1 ) whereas (dpp‐bian)Mg(Et 2 O) 2 ( 2 ) is formed when this reaction is carried out in Et 2 O as a result of isopropyl radical elimination. Compound 1 which is stable in hexane and Et 2 O also decomposes in THF with elimination of isopropyl radicals yielding (dpp‐bian)Mg(THF) 2 . The reaction of (dpp‐bian)Na 2 (Et 2 O) 3 with two equiv. of i PrMgCl in Et 2 O produces 2 and i Pr 2 Mg, which then interact to give (dpp‐bian)(Mg‐ i Pr) 2 (Et 2 O) ( 3 ) when treated with hexane or toluene. Compounds 1 – 3 were characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy, as well as by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
High-power single-mode laser diodes with tapered amplifiers (2008)

Both InP-based and GaAs-based high-power single-mode lasers are described. Single-mode powers of 9 W at 1064 nm and 1.2 W at 1550 nm have been achieved.
Massive Neonatal Adrenal Enlargement Due to Cytomegaly, Persistence of the Transient Cortex, and Hyperplasia of the Permanent Cortex (2012)

Described in this article is the massive enlargement of both adrenal glands in 3 newborns-2 girls and 1 boy. Two had hemihypertrophy and other congenital abnormalities but no identified genetic mutation; the third had genetically proven Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Two had severe Cushing syndrome, the third had hypercortisolemia but no clinical Cushing syndrome. Bilateral adrenalectomy cured Cushing syndrome in the 2 with severe symptoms; total adrenal weight in these patients was 44 and 53 g, respectively. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in the third patient: the gland weighed 52 g; postoperatively, the patient's hypercortisolemia normalized, and, concomitantly, the enlarged contralateral adrenal gland had a 5-fold decrease in size with slight enlargement 6 years postoperatively. Microscopically, the 3 patients had similar pathology: massive adrenal enlargement due to a combination of cytomegaly, persistence of the transient cortex, and hyperplasia of the permanent cortex. The pathologic findings were most likely the result of the genetic mutation identified in 1 patient and of an unknown mutation in the remaining 2 patients.
Determining Diffusion Coefficients for CO2 Injection in Oil Saturated Chalk Using a Constant Volume Diffusion Method (2016)

Abstract This paper presents a novel technique to determine multi-component diffusion coefficients for CO2 injection in a North Sea Chalk Field (NSCF) at reservoir conditions. Constant volume diffusion (CVD) method is used, consisting of an oil-saturated chalk core in contact with an overlying free-space, which is filled with the CO2. The experimental data are matched with an EOS-based compositional model. Transport by diffusion controls the dynamics of the constant-volume system, together with phase equilibria, allowing a consistent estimation of diffusion coefficients needed to describe the observed changes in system pressure. We conduct two experiments at reservoir condition: one utilizes a core plug saturated with live-oil, and the other with stock tank oil (STO). Once the experiments are completed, EOS-based compositional simulation is performed to match the experimental data using the oil and gas diffusion coefficients as history matching parameters. The modeling work is conducted with a commercial reservoir simulator using a two dimensional radial grid model to describe the experimental setup. The experiment utilizes a vertically-oriented core holder with a height of 92 mm and 37.6 mm in diameter. An outcrop chalk core with a sealing sleeve is mounted in the core holder, which has the same diameter and a height of 64.6 mm, thus resulting in an overlying void space. The system is initially saturated with oil at reservoir condition. CO2 is then injected from the top, forming an overlying CO2 chamber, and displacing oil towards the bottom of the core holder. Once CO2 fills the overlying bulk space, the system is isolated with no further injection or production. The CO2 and oil reach and remain in equilibrium locally at the gas-oil interface throughout the test, initiating and maintaining the diffusion mechanism. Diffusion of CO2 into the oil results in a decreasing pressure, which is the main history matching parameter. The multi-component diffusion coefficients are found to match the model pressure-time prediction to the experimental data. This suggests the modelling workflow incorporates a representative EOS model and the main transport dynamics controlled by diffusion are being treated properly. The two main challenges in the modeling are (1) the limitation on setting an appropriately-high permeability for the CO2 chamber, and (2) the reservoir simulator neglects compositional dependency of diffusion coefficients. Proper simulation of CO2 injection in fractured chalk reservoirs requires the ability to model multi-component diffusion accurately. The proposed CVD-method provides such modeling capabilities. Our modeling and experimental work indicate the novelty of the CVD method to determine the diffusion coefficients of a system where diffusion is the dominant displacement mechanism. The fact that the oil is contained within a low-permeability chalk sample reduces density-driven convection that could result due to non-monotonic oil density changes as CO2 dissolves into the oil.
Activation of the Flt3 signal transduction cascade rescues and enhances type I interferon–producing and dendritic cell development (2006)

Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is a nonredundant cytokine in type I interferon-producing cell (IPC) and dendritic cell (DC) development, and IPC and DC differentiation potential is confined to Flt3+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Here, we show that overexpression of human Flt3 in Flt3- (Flt3(-)Lin(-)IL-7Ralpha(-)Thy1.1(-)c-Kit+) and Flt3+ (Flt3(+)Lin(-)IL-7Ralpha(-)Thy1.1(-)c-Kit+) hematopoietic progenitors rescues and enhances their IPC and DC differentiation potential, respectively. In defined hematopoietic cell populations, such as Flt3- megakaryocyte/erythrocyte-restricted progenitors (MEPs), enforced Flt3 signaling induces transcription of IPC, DC, and granulocyte/macrophage (GM) development-affiliated genes, including STAT3, PU.1, and G-/M-/GM-CSFR, and activates differentiation capacities to these lineages. Moreover, ectopic expression of Flt3 downstream transcription factors STAT3 or PU.1 in Flt3- MEPs evokes Flt3 receptor expression and instructs differentiation into IPCs, DCs, and myelomonocytic cells, whereas GATA-1 expression and consecutive megakaryocyte/erythrocyte development is suppressed. Based on these data, we propose a demand-regulated, cytokine-driven DC and IPC regeneration model, in which high Flt3L levels initiate a self-sustaining, Flt3-STAT3- and Flt3-PU.1-mediated IPC and DC differentiation program in Flt3+ hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Crystallization processes of Sb100−xZnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 70) amorphous films for use as phase change memory materials (2015)

The phase change processes of as-deposited Sb-Zn films were investigated. The as-deposited amorphous SbZn film showed an unusual increase in resistance during heating, which was attributed to crystallization of the metastable SbZn phase. Further heating up to more than 300oC resulted in a structural transformation into the stable SbZn phase accompanied by a drop in resistance as in conventional phase change materials. Even though off-stoichiometric Sb-rich films exhibited crystallization into the metastable phase as well, the precipitation of Sb crystalline grains caused an undesirable drop in resistance at temperatures lower than that of the SbZn film. A memory device using an SbZn film showed typical switching behavior and successfully switched from the amorphous to crystal state and vice versa by the application of an electric pulse. These results revealed that stoichiometric SbZn film is a promising novel phase change material for phase change memory with high thermal stability.
A reverse intersystem crossing managing assistant dopant for high external quantum efficiency red organic light-emitting diodes (2021)

Assistant dopants with reduced Dexter energy transfer rates were designed by replacing the donor moiety of 2,3,5,6-tetra(9 H -carbazol-9-yl)terephthalonitrile (4CzTPN) with 5 H -benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2- c ]carbazole (BTCz).