gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical role of dendritic cells in determining the Th1/Th2 balance upon Leishmania major infection (2008)

The onset of T(h)1 immunity is in part regulated by genetic background. To elucidate the cell type carrying critical factors determining the T(h)1 response, we employed Rag-2(-/-) mice on Leishmania major-susceptible BALB/c and -resistant B10.D2 backgrounds. By using bone marrow (BM) chimeras generated by the transplantation of B10.D2 BM cells into BALB/c-Rag-2(-/-) mice, and vice versa, it was shown that hematopoietic cells carry factors determining the disease outcome and T(h)1 response against L. major infection. B10.D2-Rag-2(-/-) mice reconstituted with BALB/c CD4(+) T cells exhibited a T(h)1 response and controlled L. major infection. Wild-type BALB/c mice inoculated with L. major-parasitized B10.D2-Rag-2(-/-) splenocytes also exhibited a T(h)1 response and a mild disease outcome, whereas such a T(h)1 response was not induced when CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) were depleted from parasitized B10.D2-Rag-2(-/-) splenocytes. T(h)1 response was reconstituted by the addition of L. major-parasitized B10.D2 DCs but not L. major-parasitized BALB/c DCs to DC-depleted parasitized B10.D2-Rag-2(-/-) splenocytes. These results indicate that DCs determine the outcome of the disease upon L. major infection.
Low-complexity semi-parametric joint-stereo audio transform coding (2015)

Traditional audio codecs based on real-valued transforms utilize separate and largely independent algorithmic schemes for parametric coding of noise-like or high-frequency spectral components as well as channel pairs. It is shown that in the frequency-domain part of coders such as Extended HE-AAC, these schemes can be unified into a single algorithmic block located at the core of the modified discrete cosine transform path, enabling greater flexibility like semi-parametric coding and large savings in codec delay and complexity. This paper focuses on the stereo coding aspect of this block and demonstrates that, by using specially chosen spectral configurations when deriving the parametric side-information in the encoder, perceptual artifacts can be reduced and the spatial processing in the decoder can remain real-valued. Listening tests confirm the benefit of our proposal at intermediate bit-rates.
Confirmation of the Structure of (3S)-3-Hydroxyquinine:  Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of Its 9-Aceto Analogue (2005)

3(S)-3-Hydroxyquinine (2) has been separated from its epimeric mixture at C-3 by conversion into the 9-aceto analogue followed by chromatography. The molecular structure of the acetate was determined through single-crystal X-ray analysis, and this confirms the structure of (3S)-3-hydroxyquinine (2), the major metabolite of quinine (1).
Statistical Analysis for Memristor Crossbar Memories. (2016)

The inherent memory capabilities bound with compactness and scalability features pose the memristor as an ideal rival for conventional nonvolatile memories. Its use within a crossbar structure offers high-density storage and tight dimensionality. A fitting parameter in the midst of the trend towards nanoscale integration, where gateless memories are on the rise in an attempt to achieve further space savings. Nonetheless, the gate sacrifice comes at the expense of the fidelity and accuracy of the readout values. In which the sneak path phenomenon distorts the data and acts as a hindering factor to reliable detection and higher density attainment. In this work, a novel approach is adopted to accommodate the sneak path and counter its effect on the memory reading. In contrast to the alternative techniques, where spatial and temporal solutions are applied to alleviate the distortion limitation and set a dynamic threshold, statistical measures benefit from the prior read data within the array. It builds upon the noise reduction and estimation principles, mainly borrowing concepts of coding and detection theory to enhance the access time and accuracy of the reading process.
Human Acyl-Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells: Membrane Topology and Active Site Location (2003)

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that produces cholesteryl esters intracellularly. Two ACAT genes (ACAT1 and ACAT2) have been identified. The expression of ACAT1 is ubiquitous, whereas that of ACAT2 is tissue restricted. Previous research indicates that ACAT1 may contain seven transmembrane domains (TMDs). To study ACAT2 topology, we inserted two different antigenic tags (hemagglutinin, monoclonal antibody Mab1) at various hydrophilic regions flanking each of its predicted TMDs, and expressed the recombinant proteins in mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking endogenous ACAT. Each tagged ACAT2 was expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum as a single undegraded protein band and was at least partially active enzymatically. We then used cytoimmunofluorescence and protease protection assays to monitor the sidedness of the hemagglutinin and Mab1 tags along the ER membranes. The results indicated that ACAT2 contains only two detectable TMDs, located near the N terminal region. We also show that a conserved serine (S245), a candidate active site residue, is not essential for ACAT catalysis. Instead, a conserved histidine (H434) present within a hydrophobic peptide segment, may be essential for ACAT catalysis. H434 may be located at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
Operational Modal Analysis Using Durability Test Data (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Operational modal analysis is when the modal properties are identified from measured responses only. The modal parameters are: mode shapes (the way the structure moves at a certain resonance frequency), natural frequencies and damping ratios. When modal identification is based on the measured response (output) only, things become more complicated: The excitation (input) is unknown and the measured response (output) is often noisy. In this study, the time domain Stochastic Subspace Identification - Unweighted Principal Components operational modal analysis was applied to the recorded dataset from the durability test conditions of a truck. Using the 40 minutes of road test accelerometer time history in three different road conditions, it was possible to identify the modal parameters and also compare with numerical modal analysis data. Both results presented good correlation. It is important to note that no specific instrumentation was mounted for modal analysis, and the truck was running under true boundary conditions, actual force and vibration levels and frequency range, testing is done in-situ using the natural excitation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Streptococcus pyogenes protein F promotes invasion of HeLa cells (1998)

Although the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) has been considered an extracellular pathogen which adheres to human mucosal epithelium, the streptococcus possesses invasive capacity for cultured human epithelial cells. This study provides genetic and functional evidence supporting the conclusion that protein F is capable of mediating entry of S. pyogenes into HeLa cells. Using Tn916 insertion mutagenesis or an isogenic S. pyogenes strain with a defined mutation in the gene encoding protein F (prtF), it was observed that the invasive capacity was affected by the levels of surface-exposed protein F, but not by those of M protein. In addition, heterologous expression of protein F on Enterococcus faecalis conferred upon the bacteria an efficient invasive phenotype. Several assays demonstrated that both the fibronectin-binding domains of protein F, UR and RD2, were involved in host-cell invasion. In addition, coinfection experiments of HeLa cells with S. pyogenes and an Escherichia coli K-12 strain expressing an afimbrial adhesin AFA-I showed that the uptake of S. pyogenes did not permit internalization of the E. coli cells.
Non-Fourier 3-Omega Method for Thermal Conductivity Measurement (2010)

The 3-omega method for thermal conductivity measurement using the hyperbolic heat conduction equation is presented. Mathematical expressions representing the conditions when non-Fourier effects cannot be neglected are formulated. Results obtained from Fourier and hyperbolic heat conduction equations based on parameterized dielectric thermophysical parameters are compared. The analysis is applied to a thin Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond film and bologna meat and it is shown in these cases that by neglecting the non-Fourier effects one can underestimate the thermal conductivity by 50%.
Total Synthesis of LFA‐1 Antagonist BIRT‐377 via Organocatalytic Asymmetric Construction of a Quaternary Stereocenter. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimal trade-off filters for Noise Robustness, Peak Sharpness and Light Efficiency in the Nonoverlapping Background Noise (2000)

A design of filters for pattern recognition is presented that have optimal trade-off for the criteria of noise robustness, peak sharp- ness, and Horner efficiency, when input scene noise is spatially disjoint (nonoverlapping) with the target. Three different criteria—signal-to-noise ratio, peak-to-output energy ratio, and light efficiency—are used to de- sign the filter. Computer simulations for the various types of noise and parameters illustrate the performance of such filters for optical pattern recognition. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)03002-6) Subject terms: matched filtering; optical pattern recognition; multicriteria optimi- zation.
Deep view synthesis from sparse photometric images (2019)

The goal of light transport acquisition is to take images from a sparse set of lighting and viewing directions, and combine them to enable arbitrary relighting with changing view. While relighting from sparse images has received significant attention, there has been relatively less progress on view synthesis from a sparse set of "photometric" images---images captured under controlled conditions, lit by a single directional source; we use a spherical gantry to position the camera on a sphere surrounding the object. In this paper, we synthesize novel viewpoints across a wide range of viewing directions (covering a 60° cone) from a sparse set of just six viewing directions. While our approach relates to previous view synthesis and image-based rendering techniques, those methods are usually restricted to much smaller baselines, and are captured under environment illumination. At our baselines, input images have few correspondences and large occlusions; however we benefit from structured photometric images. Our method is based on a deep convolutional network trained to directly synthesize new views from the six input views. This network combines 3D convolutions on a plane sweep volume with a novel per-view per-depth plane attention map prediction network to effectively aggregate multi-view appearance. We train our network with a large-scale synthetic dataset of 1000 scenes with complex geometry and material properties. In practice, it is able to synthesize novel viewpoints for captured real data and reproduces complex appearance effects like occlusions, view-dependent specularities and hard shadows. Moreover, the method can also be combined with previous relighting techniques to enable changing both lighting and view, and applied to computer vision problems like multiview stereo from sparse image sets.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Novel Bicyclic β‐Lactams by Intramolecular Nucleophile Transfer Reactions of N‐Tosyloxy β‐Lactams. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 747: Tumor vaccine adjuvant effect of TLR7 agonist Imiquimod is limited by inducing immusuppressive cells (2011)

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are immune stimulators and have been studied as potential vaccine adjuvants with great interest. We evaluated the adjuvant effects of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod as compared to GM-CSF, which is widely used as a vaccine adjuvant in clinical trials. We found that both topical imiquimod and intradermal GM-CSF effectively induced the accumulation and activation of dentritic cells in draining lymph nodes and equally enhanced OVA specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in an OVA-tg mouse model. We further evaluated the efficacy of tumor prevention of imiquimod and GM-CSF in a neu-transgenic (neu-tg) mouse model of human breast cancer which over-expresses both neu and IGFBP2 tumor associated antigens. The neu-tg mice were immunized with a vaccine composed of three immunogenic IGFBP2 peptides prior to being inoculated with syngeneic MMC tumor cells. The tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the groups which received GM-CSF as an adjuvant, but not in imiquimod-treated groups. We questioned whether imiquimod induces immune suppression in response to tumor associated antigens and assessed the frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) and T regulatory cells (Treg) in the splenocytes after three immunizations. We found that both CD11c+GR1+ MDSC and CD4+FOXP3+Treg cells were significantly increased in imiquimod-treated mice, but did not increase in GM-CSF-treated group. Serum levels of IL-10 were also significantly increased in imiquimod-treated, but not in GM-CSF-treated group. IFN-gamma secretion in response to IGFBP2 antigen, on the contrary, was remarkably enhanced in the GM-CSF-treated mice, but not in the imiquimod-treated mice as tested by an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. Thus, the TLR7 agonist imiquimod, as a vaccine adjuvant did not achieve a protective effect on breast cancer growth. The limited anti-tumor effect observed is associated with elevated levels of immunosuppressive MDSC and Treg cells. These results may have significant implications in the future development of imiquimod as a vaccine adjuvant. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 747. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-747
Polymyxin: Alternative Mechanisms of Action and Resistance (2016)

Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is an ever-increasing issue worldwide. Unfortunately, very little has been achieved in the pharmaceutical industry to combat this problem. This has led researchers and the medical field to revisit past drugs that were deemed too toxic for clinical use. In particular, the cyclic cationic peptides polymyxin B and colistin, which are specific for Gram-negative bacteria, have been used as "last resort" antimicrobials. Before the 1980s, these drugs were known for their renal and neural toxicities; however, new clinical practices and possibly improved manufacturing have made them safer to use. Previously suggested to primarily attack the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and to not easily select for resistant mutants, recent research exploring resistance and mechanisms of action has provided new perspectives. This review focuses primarily on the proposed alternative mechanisms of action, known resistance mechanisms, and how these support the alternative mechanisms of action.
Electrical Networks and Resource Allocation Algorithms (1980)

A new approach is provided to facilitate the study of de-centalized resource allocation algorithms. Three algorithms are presented: the Arrow-Hurwicz algorithm, the center-free algorithm, and the Heal algorithm. For each algorithm, an associated network consisting of resistors, capacitors, and power supplies is found to exist. A one-to-one correspondence is proved between the equations describing these electrical networks and the equations governing the algorithms. With this correspondence, knowledge and intuition regarding electrical networks is demonstrated to facilitate the study of properties of these resource allocation algorithms.
A Single-Chip 4K 60-fps 4:2:2 HEVC Video Encoder LSI Employing Efficient Motion Estimation and Mode Decision Framework With Scalability to 8K (2018)

A professional-image-quality video encoder LSI for broadcasting and content distribution has been developed with single-chip 4K 60-fps 4:2:2 high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) encoding capability and 8K ultrahigh definition television scalability. Edge-based intramode pruning and statistically adaptive multiblock-size motion estimation (ME) efficiently reduce HEVC’s high computational complexity for real-time processing, while a deeply centralized-mode decision framework maintains high compression performance. Internal reference image caches with 797-Gb/s image feed capability support the 768-GOPS ME computation of distributed motion vector search. Interchip pictures and data exchange features with high-speed data buses are also used for multichip 8K encoding configuration. A subjective evaluation showed that the proposed encoder LSI maintained the same visual quality as an encoder LSI complying with the previous standard while reducing bit rate by 40%. The chip was designed and fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS technology and used to build industry-leading 4K and 8K broadcasting systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Indole Alkaloids Ngouniensine and Epingouniensine. (1987)

Abstract 5‐Ethylpyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid (I) is hydrogenated and esterified to give the mixture of hexahydropyridinecarboxylic acid esters (II) which is also obtained from the compound (III).
Model to assess muscle protein turnover: domain of validity using amino acyl-tRNA vs. surrogate measures of precursor pool (2003)

Current models to measure protein turnover across muscle bed are based on many surrogate measures of amino acyl-tRNA. We measured muscle protein turnover based on tracer-to-tracee ratios of the stable isotopes of leucine, phenylalanine, and ketoisocaproate (KIC) in artery and vein and muscle amino acyl-tRNA and muscle tissue fluid (TF) in 26 healthy subjects. A three-compartment model calculation based on arteriovenous and tRNA measurements was first performed and its domain of validity assessed. The results were then compared with those using simpler approaches based on surrogate measures of tRNA such as those of TF and KIC and a one-compartment model based on arteriovenous amino acids. In 96% of cases, the model using tRNA was applicable, but only in a lower percentage of cases were the results using surrogate measures applicable. Protein breakdown, protein synthesis, and shunting of amino acids from artery to vein were consistently underestimated, and fluxes of amino acid from artery to intracellular compartment and from intracellular compartment to vein were overestimated, when surrogate measures were used. The one-compartment model also underestimated protein breakdown and synthesis. Measurements using tissue fluid gave results closer to those based on tRNA. In conclusion, a three-compartment model using arteriovenous samples and amino acyl-tRNA provides measurements of muscle protein turnover of acceptable precision in 96% of cases. The precision was unacceptable in a substantial percentage of cases, and the accuracy of the estimation of protein fluxes was significantly affected when surrogate measures were used.
High-resolution solid-state NMR investigation of the nature of the interaction between organic substrates and the zeolite ZSM-5 lattice (1988)

The compounds p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, and p-dichlorobenzene induce essentially identical changes in the 29 Si MAS NMR spectrum of zeolite ZSM-5, indicating that the major contribution to the induced phase change of the lattice structure in these cases is the size and shape of the sorbed organic molecules. Based on these results, p-dichlorobenzene may be used as a model system in future diffraction studies of the sorbate/lattice structure greatly facilitating these investigations.
MICBOTS: COLLECTING LARGE REALISTIC DATASETS FOR SPEECH AND AUDIO RESEARCH USING MOBILE ROBOTS (2015)

Speech and audio signal processing research is a tale of data collection efforts and evaluation campaigns. Large benchmark datasets for automatic speech recognition (ASR) have been instrumental in the advancement of speech recognition technologies. However, when it comes to robust ASR, source separation, and localization, especially using microphone arrays, the perfect dataset is out of reach, and many different data collection efforts have each made different compromises between the conflicting factors in terms of realism, ground truth, and costs. Our goal here is to escape some of the most difficult trade-offs by proposing MICbots, a low-cost method of collecting large amounts of realistic data where annotations and ground truth are readily available. Our key idea is to use freely moving robots equiped with mi-crophones and loudspeakers, playing recorded utterances from existing (already annotated) speech datasets. We give an overview of previous data collection efforts and the trade-offs they make, and describe the benefits of using our robot-based approach. We finally explain the use of this method to collect room impulse response measurement.
Performance Analysis of Scheduled Cognitive Radio Systems With MIMO Transmission (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the performance analysis of cognitive radio (CR) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, including the scheduled transmit antenna selection (TAS) with maximal ratio combining (MRC) and the scheduled space-time block coding (STBC). Here, the scheduled MIMO systems transmit data of a user to provide the maximum instantaneous postprocessing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the CR receiver. For the closed-form performance analysis, we derive approximated probability density functions (pdfs) of the instantaneous postprocessing SNR at the receiver for the scheduled TAS with MRC and the scheduled STBC systems, respectively. Based on the results, we derive the approximated closed-form expressions of the average postprocessing SNR and ergodic capacity for the scheduled CR systems with MIMO transmission. Through the analysis, we provide the achievable average postprocessing SNR and ergodic capacity of the proposed scheduled systems as a function of the peak interference power constraint. In addition, we present the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the ergodic capacity for the scheduled TAS with MRC and the scheduled STBC systems through arbitrary order statistics, respectively.
Experimental Characterization of UWB Antennas (2013)

Experimental characterization is an essential stage in the design of antennas. Precise measurements of the characteristics of aerials are necessary for many applications using antennas with well established properties. The experimental characterization of antennas aims at measuring the parameters describing the conventional performances of the antennas: the radiation pattern, polarization, directivity, gain, efficiency and impedance. They are briefly included in the chapter by studying their adaptability with the characterization of Ultra wide band (UWB) antennas. The UWB antenna is characterized by the measurement of properties on a very broad frequency band from an antenna. The other great specificity of the characterization of UWB antennas lies in the need to know the phase of the signals of interest with the aim of estimating specific properties to broad band operation. The chapter also presents the measurement techniques of antennas in the time domain. Controlled Vocabulary Terms antennas; ultra wideband antennas