gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Growth of InN Nanorods on Nitridated Chromium Nanoislands under the In-rich Regime (2013)

Vertically aligned inverted-cone-like InN nanorods were epitaxially grown on Si (111) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using AlN buffers and nitridated chromium (NC) nanoislands under In-rich environment. The Al droplets were limited to between NC nanoislands so that the lateral diffusion was suppressed. The spot-like AlN nuclei aided the subsequent growth of InN nanorods more uniform and well aligned. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of InN nanorods exhibits a hexagonal phase and (0002) oriented growth. The structural analysis performed by Raman scattering indicates that InN nanorods are wurtzite-type InN crystals with low structural disorders and defects, which contain low concentrations of electrons. The photoelectron spectra depict the considerably reduced surface states and In-In bonds of InN nanorods, while the valence band spectra reveal the presence of surface band bending in InN nanorods. The InN nanorods are free from charge trapping effects due to Fermi-level pinning, which may deplete the carriers.
N‐Arylation of α‐Aminoesters with p‐Tolylboronic Acid Promoted by Copper(II) Acetate. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lipopolysaccharides-Mediated Increase in Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion: Involvement of the GLP-1 Pathway (2013)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria trigger inflammation, which is associated with marked changes in glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia is frequently observed during bacterial infection and it is a marker of a poor clinical outcome in critically ill patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of an acute injection or continuous infusion of LPS on experimentally induced hyperglycemia in wild-type and genetically engineered mice. The acute injection of a single dose of LPS produced an increase in glucose disposal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Continuous infusion of LPS through mini-osmotic pumps was also associated with increased GSIS. Finally, manipulation of LPS detoxification by knocking out the plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) led to increased glucose disposal and GSIS. Overall, glucose tolerance and GSIS tests supported the hypothesis that mice treated with LPS develop glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia. The effects of LPS on glucose metabolism were significantly altered as a result of either the accumulation or antagonism of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Complementary studies in wild-type and GLP-1 receptor knockout mice further implicated the GLP-1 receptor-dependent pathway in mediating the LPS-mediated changes in glucose metabolism. Hence, enhanced GLP-1 secretion and action underlies the development of glucose-mediated hyperinsulinemia associated with endotoxemia.
Radiation pressure on bi-grating and axicon diffractive beam-riding light sails (2021)

Experimental measurements related to the opto-mechanical stability of thin film diffractive beam-riders are discussed. Our theoretical predictions of radiation pressure forces indicate that these structures allow a perturbed laser-driven light sail to remain in the beam path. Radiation pressure forces of both a liquid crystal polymer bi-grating and an etched photoresist axicon diffraction grating will be described. Our experiments made use of a vacuum torsion oscillator having sub-nano-Newton sensitivity. The parametric damping of both systems will also be described. Our measurements validate the technical feasibility of a laser-driven light sail based on diffractive thin films.
LOADING-START-STOP OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE SLIDER (1989)

Non-contact start/stop is preferable for reliability of head/media interface. If non-contact can be established, lowering a flying height is possible. Negative pressure slider is suitable for non-contact start/stop because of its self-loading characteristic. The slider setted at the optimized pitch angle, is adjusted to the suitable attitude for self-loading and is loaded without contact.
Reference Frame Memory Compression Using Selective Processing Unit Merging Method (2011)

고해상도 비디오에 대한 압축 성능 향상을 위해 내부 연산 비트 깊이를 증가시키는 IBDI (Internal Bit Depth Increase) 기법은 괄목할 만한 부호화 효율 증가 이득을 얻을 수 있었지만, 참조 영상을 저장하기 위해 소요되는 내부 메모리가 증가하는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 IBDI 기법의 부호화 효율은 유지하면서 내부 메모리 증가 문제를 해결하기 위해 메모리 압축 기법이 제안되었다. 기존 메모리 압축 기법은 영상의 각 수행블록마다 일정량의 부가정보를 이용하여 메모리 압축을 수행함으로써, 부호화 효율은 유지하면서 내부 메모리를 성공적으로 줄일 수 있었다. 하지만 각각의 수행블록마다 발생하는 부가정보에 의해 메모리 압축 성능이 제한되는 한계가 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 메모리 압축 방법의 한계를 극복하기 위해, 발생하는 부가정보량을 크게 줄일 수 있도록 선택적 수행블록 병합을 이용한 메모리 압축 방법을 제안하였다. 제안 방법을 통해 부호화 효율을 기존 메모리 압축 방법과 동일하게 유지하면서 메모리 압축에 의해 발생하는 부가정보량은 크게 감소하는 이득을 얻을 수 있었다. IBDI (Internal Bit Depth Increase) is able to significantly improve the coding efficiency of high definition video compression by increasing the bit depth (or precision) of internal arithmetic operation. However the scheme also increases required internal memory for storing decoded reference frames and this can be significant for higher definition of video contents. So, the reference frame memory compression method is proposed to reduce such internal memory requirement. The reference memory compression is performed on 4x4 block called the processing unit to compress the decoded image using the correlation of nearby pixel values. This method has successively reduced the reference frame memory while preserving the coding efficiency of IBDI. However, additional information of each processing unit has to be stored also in internal memory, the amount of additional information could be a limitation of the effectiveness of memory compression scheme. To relax this limitation of previous memory compression scheme, we propose a selective merging-based reference frame memory compression algorithm, dramatically reducing the amount of additional information. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides much smaller overhead than that of the previous algorithm while keeping the coding efficiency of IBDI.
Ox Erythrocyte Cytotoxicity by Phorbol Myristate Acetate‐Activated Human Neutrophils (1983)

Human neutrophils activated by phorbol myristate acetate were cytotoxic to ox erythrocytes, as determined by the 51Cr release method. Maximal cytolysis was obtained with a phorbol myristate acetate concentration of 5 ng/ml and with an effector to target cell ratio of 1:4. An intact neutrophil metabolic burst and production of oxygen-derived-free radicals were essential for the cytotoxic event, since neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease failed to exhibit any ox erythrocyte lysis. The target cell destruction was completely prevented by catalase, was unaffected by superoxide dismutase, and was reduced approximately to one-third by azide and cyanide. These data suggest that, under our experimental conditions, the ox erythrocyte killing by phorbol myristate acetate-activated neutrophils mainly depends on myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide.
Common molecular mechanism of osteoporosis and vascular diseases (2011)

Key words ( 201148146-148)
Clinical Application of SQUID Magnetometers for the Spinal Cord and the Peripheral Nerve (2021)

We have applied neuromagnetic field measurement, which has already been used in the medical field for the brain, to the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. By optimizing the equipment and analysis method to the axonal activity, it is now possible to evaluate the neural functions in patients with spinal cord and peripheral nerve diseases. Since there are many patients with spinal cord and peripheral nerve diseases, SQUID technology will make a significant contribution to medicine.
On equalization for OFDM-dedicated short range communication (DSRC) modem (2002)

Dedicated short range communication (DSRC) applications need flexible and robust air interface technology to support high data rate services. OFDM is a good candidate for DSRC applications in harsh mobile environments, with time and frequency-selective channels. This doubly spread channel renders channel estimation, needed for the equalizer when using coherent detection, a challenging problem. We focus on the the channel estimation methods for coherent detection of QAM signals. Two adaptive algorithms, NLMS and RLS are considered for the rotating pilot (RP) scheme and the repeated reference (RR) scheme to track the channel variations. Further maximum likelihood (ML) deterministic channel estimation is applied jointly with the above methods to get optimal channel estimation. The combination of NLMS and ML is best suited for an OFDM-DSRC modem with rather low complexity and a performance loss of only 1 dB with respect to a perfect channel knowledge situation.
Superconductor Digital-RF Receiver Systems (2008)

Digital superconductor electronics has been experiencing rapid maturation with the emergence of smaller-scale, lower-cost communications applications which became the major technology drivers. These applications are primarily in the area of wireless communications, radar, and surveillance as well as in imaging and sensor systems. In these areas, the fundamental advantages of superconductivity translate into system benefits through novel Digital-RF architectures with direct digitization of wide band, high frequency radio frequency (RF) signals. At the same time the availability of relatively small 4K cryocoolers has lowered the foremost market barrier for cryogenically-cooled digital electronic systems. Recently, we have achieved a major breakthrough in the development, demonstration, and successful delivery of the cryocooled superconductor digital-RF receivers directly digitizing signals in a broad range from kilohertz to gigahertz. These essentially hybrid-technology systems combine a variety of superconductor and semiconductor technologies packaged with two-stage commercial cryocoolers: cryogenic Nb mixed-signal and digital circuits based on Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) technology, room-temperature amplifiers, FPGA processing and control circuitry. The demonstrated cryocooled digital-RF systems are the world's first and fastest directly digitizing receivers operating with live satellite signals in X-band and performing signal acquisition in HF to L-band at ∼30GHz clock frequencies.
Mitral Valve Surgery: When Is It Appropriate? (2002)

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a frequent complication of end-stage cardiomyopathy. Historically, these patients were managed either medically or with mitral valve replacement, both associated with poor outcomes. We studied 150 patients with cardiomyopathy and severe MR who were managed with mitral reconstruction. One hundred fifty patients with 4+ MR, left ventricular ejection fractions of 8%-24% (mean, 14%), and New York Heart Association class III or IV symptoms were prospectively studied. All patients underwent mitral valve repair with an undersized, flexible annuloplasty ring. There was one intraoperative death and seven 30-day mortalities. Intraoperative echocardiography revealed no residual MR in the majority of patients and mild to trivial MR in seven patients. There were 27 late deaths; three of these patients had progression of the disease and underwent transplantation. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year actuarial survival rates are 82%, 71%, and 57%, respectively. New York Heart Association class has improved for all patients, from a preoperative mean of 3.2+/-0.2 to 1.8+/-0.4 postoperatively. At 24-month follow-up, all patients showed improvement in ejection fraction, cardiac output, and end-diastolic volumes, along with a reduction in the sphericity index and regurgitant volume. Mitral valve repair with an undersized, flexible annuloplasty ring is a safe and effective approach to correction of MR, even in cardiomyopathy patients. All observed changes contribute to reverse remodeling and the restoration of the normal left ventricular geometric relationship. Mitral reconstruction provides a new first-line management strategy for patients with MR and end-stage heart failure.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Allopumiliotoxins 267A, 323B′, and 339A. Application of Iodide‐Promoted Iminium Ion‐Alkyne Cyclizations for Forming Allopumiliotoxin A Alkaloids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A CCD matrix matrix product parallel processor (1984)

The design of a CCD matrix-matrix device operating up to 10MHz clock rates, performing the serial-in parallel-out and Fourier transform functions required in radar doppler filtering, will be reported. The chip contains 32 multipliers and 1024 accumulators.
Molecular modeling of the interaction of anthracenyl-amino acid topoisomerase inhibitors with the DNA sequence d(CGTACG) (1996)

Anthracenyl-amino acid and dipeptide conjugates represent new classes of topoisomerase (topo) inhibitors. To investigate the structural basis for their different selectivity against topo I and II and varying potency, the binding of six compounds to d(CGTACG) was studied by molecular modeling. Modeling data were in good agreement with physical data showing that five compounds intercalated DNA with the anthraquinone chromophore orientated in parallel to the long dimension of the d(CpG) base pairs and the amino acid placed in the minor groove. Differences in binding modes emerged which correlated to different biological properties. The amino acid chain of the topo I inhibitor (NU/ICRF 600, gly-phe) extended significantly out from the helical axis horizontal. The amino acid side chains of two topo II inhibitors (NU/ICRF 510, arginine and NU/ ICRF 512, methionine) were inserted into the minor groove, whereas the C-terminal groups (hydrazide) of two potent topo II inhibitors (NU/ICRF 500 and 506, serine) were placed into the minor groove while the amino acid side chains pointed away from the minor groove. These data provide structural information which may prove valuable in rational design of second generation analogs.
Improving Classification Accuracy of Feedforward Neural Networks for Spiking Neuromorphic Chips (2017)

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) achieve human level performance in many image analytics tasks but DNNs are mostly deployed to GPU platforms that consume a considerable amount of power. New hardware platforms using lower precision arithmetic achieve drastic reductions in power consumption. More recently, brain-inspired spiking neuromorphic chips have achieved even lower power consumption, on the order of milliwatts, while still offering real-time processing. However, for deploying DNNs to energy efficient neuromorphic chips the incompatibility between continuous neurons and synaptic weights of traditional DNNs, discrete spiking neurons and synapses of neuromorphic chips need to be overcome. Previous work has achieved this by training a network to learn continuous probabilities, before it is deployed to a neuromorphic architecture, such as IBM TrueNorth Neurosynaptic System, by random sampling these probabilities. The main contribution of this paper is a new learning algorithm that learns a TrueNorth configuration ready for deployment. We achieve this by training directly a binary hardware crossbar that accommodates the TrueNorth axon configuration constrains and we propose a different neuron model. Results of our approach trained on electroencephalogram (EEG) data show a significant improvement with previous work (76% vs 86% accuracy) while maintaining state of the art performance on the MNIST handwritten data set.
De Novo Fragment Design: A Medicinal Chemistry Approach to Fragment-Based Lead Generation (2013)

The use of fragments with low binding affinity for their targets as starting points has received much attention recently. Screening of fragment libraries has been the most common method to find attractive starting points. Herein, we describe a unique, alternative approach to generating fragment leads. A binding model was developed and a set of guidelines were then selected to use this model to design fragments, enabling our discovery of a novel fragment with high LE.
Duality of virtualization (2008)

In recent years, virtualization has gained much in visibility and importance in the information technology (IT) industry. Many analyst reports, including IDC [1] and EMA [2], indicated ever increasing number of companies deployed virtualization to their production environments. There is also tremendous momentum from industrial vendors in creating new virtualization enablers along with their management functions. Some vendors engage in activities of standardizing common abstractions for various virtual entities at different virtualization layers.
P‐204L: Late‐News Poster : Highly Efficient, Long‐Lifetime and Deep‐Blue Emissive Materials for OLED Display and Lighting Applications (2016)

A new deep‐blue dopant BD with a singlet energy gap of about 2.81 eV was designed and developed. The electroluminescent devices of BD, sensitized by a host material BH, exhibited saturated color with CIEy of 0.144 and 8.11% EQE. The best blue device lifetime under 1000 cd/m 2 is 15000 hr.
Fabrication of Micrometer-Scale, Patterned Polyhedra by Self-Assembly (2002)

Small, 3D, polyhedral structures based on existing 2D microfabrication technology have been fabricated by a novel technique. The method is based on self-folding of a 2D structure into the final 3D form due to the surface tension of solder, which covers the joints. Patterned polyhedra (see Figure) and structures with silicon single crystal chips on each face are accessible.
Epitaxial growth of coaxial GaInN-GaN hetero-nanotubes (2009)

We report about the successful realization of a coaxial hetero structure grown by MOVPE around ZnO nanocolumns. At higher overgrowth temperatures, the ZnO cores completely dissolved leaving GaN nanotube structures with excellent properties. Such tubes could be sheathed by a GaInN-GaN single quantum well structure, as confirmed by photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy.
A chemical kinetic analysis of the formation of CuInSe/sub 2/ at different temperatures [solar cell modules] (2002)

Understanding the mechanism of the growth of CuInSe/sub 2/ to obtain the pertinent kinetic data is essential for the effective design and real time control of processing equipment to produce CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cell modules. Species concentrations as a function of time and temperature are obtained from experiments in a tubular chemical vapor deposition selenization reactor and a physical vapor deposition selenization reactor. In the present work, a chemical reaction analysis is carried out for both reactors. Using this information, the numerical solution to the set of mass balance equations, estimates of the rate constants and the activation energies are presented. The authors believe that this reaction analysis can be used to interpret reactions which take place during formation of CuInSe/sub 2/ in a three source physical vapor deposition (PVD) reactor.
NKT cells mediate pulmonary inflammation and dysfunction in murine sickle cell disease through production of IFN-γ and CXCR3 chemokines (2009)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) triggers an inflammatory cascade that is initiated by the activation of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells. In sickle cell disease (SCD), misshapen erythrocytes evoke repeated transient bouts of microvascular IRI. Compared with C57BL/6 controls, NY1DD mice have more numerous and activated (CD69(+), interferon-gamma(+) [IFN-gamma(+)]) lung, liver, and spleen iNKT cells that are hyperresponsive to hypoxia/reoxygenation. NY1DD mice have increased pulmonary levels of IFN-gamma, IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10), and elevated numbers of lymphocytes expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Treating NY1DD mice with anti-CD1d antibody to inhibit iNKT cell activation reverses baseline pulmonary dysfunction manifested as elevated vascular permeability, decreased arterial oxygen saturation, and increased numbers of activated leukocytes. Anti-CD1d antibodies decrease pulmonary levels of IFN-gamma and CXCR3 chemokines. Neutralization of CXCR3 receptors ameliorates pulmonary dysfunction. Crossing NY1DD to lymphocyte-deficient Rag1(-/-) mice decreases pulmonary dysfunction. This is counteracted by the adoptive transfer of 1 million NKT cells. Like mice, people with SCD have increased numbers of activated circulating iNKT cells expressing CXCR3. Together, these data indicate that iNKT cells play a pivotal role in sustaining inflammation in SCD mice by a pathway involving IFN-gamma and production of chemotactic CXCR3 chemokines and that this mechanism may translate to human disease.
Preparation and Utility of N-Alkynyl Azoles in Synthesis (2019)

Heteroatom-substituted alkynes have attracted a significant amount of interest in the synthetic community due to the polarized nature of these alkynes and their utility in a wide range of reactions. One specific class of heteroatom-substituted alkynes combines this utility with the presence of an azole moiety. These <i>N</i>-alkynyl azoles have been known for nearly 50 years, but recently there has been a tremendous increase in the number of reports detailing the synthesis and utility of this class of compound. While much of the chemistry of <i>N</i>-alkynyl azoles mirrors that of the more extensively studied <i>N</i>-alkynyl amides (ynamides), there are notable exceptions. In addition, as azoles are extremely common in natural products and pharmaceuticals, these <i>N</i>-alkynyl azoles have high potential for accessing biologically important compounds. In this review, the literature reports of <i>N</i>-alkynyl azole synthesis, reactions, and uses have been assembled. Collectively, these reports demonstrate the growth in this area and the promise of exploiting <i>N</i>-alkynyl azoles in synthesis.
Stem and progenitor cells in myelodysplastic syndromes show aberrant stage-specific expansion and harbor genetic and epigenetic alterations (2012)

Even though hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dysfunction is presumed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), the exact nature of quantitative and qualitative alterations is unknown. We conducted a study of phenotypic and molecular alterations in highly fractionated stem and progenitor populations in a variety of MDS subtypes. We observed an expansion of the phenotypically primitive long-term HSCs (lineage(-)/CD34(+)/CD38(-)/CD90(+)) in MDS, which was most pronounced in higher-risk cases. These MDS HSCs demonstrated dysplastic clonogenic activity. Examination of progenitors revealed that lower-risk MDS is characterized by expansion of phenotypic common myeloid progenitors, whereas higher-risk cases revealed expansion of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors. Genome-wide analysis of sorted MDS HSCs revealed widespread methylomic and transcriptomic alterations. STAT3 was an aberrantly hypomethylated and overexpressed target that was validated in an independent cohort and found to be functionally relevant in MDS HSCs. FISH analysis demonstrated that a very high percentage of MDS HSC (92% ± 4%) carry cytogenetic abnormalities. Longitudinal analysis in a patient treated with 5-azacytidine revealed that karyotypically abnormal HSCs persist even during complete morphologic remission and that expansion of clonotypic HSCs precedes clinical relapse. This study demonstrates that stem and progenitor cells in MDS are characterized by stage-specific expansions and contain epigenetic and genetic alterations.