gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elemental balance based methodology to establish reaction stoichiometry in environmental modeling (2007)

Kinetic models in activated sludge, anaerobic digestion and other environmental modeling fields rely on the proper formulation of stoichiometric coefficients. Elemental balancing provides a simple and rigorous way to establish the stoichiometric coefficients of reactions represented in the Gujer matrix. The deduction of these coefficients is frequently trivial, from basic mass balancing considerations. In more complex cases, such as the Anammox growth reaction, rigorous elemental balancing is required to establish the proper formulation. This paper demonstrates the methodology based on a simple aerobic heterotrophic growth reaction where stoichiometry coefficients (such as the (1-Y(H))/Y(H) term for oxygen) are well known. In the second step the methodology is applied for the Anammox growth reaction. The fraction of N(2) gas in current models originates from the NH(4)+ and the NO(2)- electron donor/acceptor pair in equal proportion. This paper demonstrates that this stoichiometry is a simplification leading to elemental balance errors. The proper stoichiometric coefficients are derived.
Constituents of Euphorbia acanthothamnos and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity (2008)

Euphorbia acanthothamnos (Heldr.) is a low-growing shrub inhabiting rocky places, widespread in Greece and the Mediterranean region. It belongs to a family of plants widely known for their highly toxic secondary metabolites. Phytochemical investigation of E. acanthothamnos has led to the isolation of the flavonoids naringenin, eriodictyol, catechin, (-)epicatechin as well as three flavonoid glycosides, quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside and naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, β-sitosterol along with oleanolic acid and a rare ent-atisane named ent-3-oxoatisan-16α-17-diol (Fig.1) that has been previously isolated only from E.acaulis, E.fidjiana and Homalanthus acominatus, all belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family.
Abstract 3504: Plasma growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15) and other inflammatory markers are associated with weight loss and poor prognosis in cancer patients. (2013)

Abstract Background: Cachexia is associated with increased inflammatory markers and decreased survival in cancer. Also, elevated GDF-15 has been associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types but its role in cachexia is not well-understood. Methods: We measured body weight change, appetite, plasma GDF-15, and other inflammatory markers in 62 males with cancer-cachexia (CC), 72 non-cachectic cancer subjects (CNC) and 64 non-cancer controls (Co) matched by age, gender and pre-illness body weight. In a subset of patients we also measured grip strength (HGS), appendicular lean body mass (aLBM), ECOG and KPS. Results: GDF-15, IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in CC vs. other groups. Activin and G-CSF were significantly upregulated in CC vs. Co. A subset analyses showed that GDF-15, Activin A and IL-8 were increased in CC vs. CNC in lung cancer patients and that GDF-15, IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in CC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. GDF15, IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly correlated with 6-month weight loss and with IL-6, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IFN, MCP-10, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, TNF-a, VGEF and activin in cancer patients. Analysis in a subset of patients showed that CC had lower grip strength, aLBM, and fat mass; and that ECOG and KPS were lower in CC and CNC compared to controls. GDF-15 and IL-8 correlated negatively with aLBM, HGS and fat mass. Activin correlated negatively with aLBM. Survival analysis showed that GDF-15 and IL-8 predicted survival adjusting for stage and weight change (Cox regression p&amp;lt;0.01, HR 3). Conclusion: GDF-15 and other inflammatory markers are associated with weight loss, decreased muscle mass and strength and poor survival in cancer patients. GDF-15 may serve as a prognostic indicator in cancer patients and be a novel therapeutic target for cancer cachexia. Citation Format: Lerner Lorena, Teresa Hayes, Nianjun Tao, Brian Krieger, Bin Feng, Richard Nicoletti, Ailin Bai, Zhigang Weng, Qing Liu, Maria Isabel Chiu, Jeno Gyuris, Jose M. Garcia. Plasma growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15) and other inflammatory markers are associated with weight loss and poor prognosis in cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3504. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3504
3-D ultrafast doppler imaging applied to the noninvasive mapping of blood vessels in Vivo (2015)

Ultrafast Doppler imaging was introduced as a technique to quantify blood flow in an entire 2-D field of view, expanding the field of application of ultrasound imaging to the highly sensitive anatomical and functional mapping of blood vessels. We have recently developed 3-D ultrafast ultrasound imaging, a technique that can produce thousands of ultrasound volumes per second, based on a 3-D plane and diverging wave emissions, and demonstrated its clinical feasibility in human subjects in vivo. In this study, we show that noninvasive 3-D ultrafast power Doppler, pulsed Doppler, and color Doppler imaging can be used to perform imaging of blood vessels in humans when using coherent compounding of 3-D tilted plane waves. A customized, programmable, 1024-channel ultrasound system was designed to perform 3-D ultrafast imaging. Using a 32 × 32, 3-MHz matrix phased array (Vermon, Tours, France), volumes were beamformed by coherently compounding successive tilted plane wave emissions. Doppler processing was then applied in a voxel-wise fashion. The proof of principle of 3-D ultrafast power Doppler imaging was first performed by imaging Tygon tubes of various diameters, and in vivo feasibility was demonstrated by imaging small vessels in the human thyroid. Simultaneous 3-D color and pulsed Doppler imaging using compounded emissions were also applied in the carotid artery and the jugular vein in one healthy volunteer.
A new method for rapid temporal scanning of ultrafast lasers (1996)

Using an identical pair of passively mode-locked fiber lasers, we demonstrate a new method of temporal scanning by periodically varying the cavity length of one laser. This scanning temporal ultrafast delay (STUD) technique produces scanning performance far exceeding that obtainable with conventional, mechanical scanning: For a pair of 5-MHz lasers, we obtain a scan range of /spl Delta/T=10 ns at a scan frequency of f/sub scan/=25 Hz; and for 50-MHz lasers, we obtain /spl Delta/T=5 ns at f/sub scan/=100 Hz. Highly accurate timing calibration is obtained by using multiple-pulse cross correlations. We use this method to characterize the timing jitter between the two lasers while they are scanning, and the reproducibility of the scanning. Timing accuracy of 200 fs over a 300-ps scan range is obtained for individual scans. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this technique by using the dual laser system to measure carrier lifetimes in samples of ion-bombarded and intrinsic InGaAs. The selectability of the sweep rate and the scan range along with the subpicosecond accuracy give this technique a large temporal dynamic range, resembling the functionality of oscilloscopes.
Analysis of the relationship between longitudinal gene expressions and ordered categorical event data (2009)

The NIH project 'Inflammatory and Host Response to Injury' (Glue) is being conducted to study the changes in the body over time in response to trauma and burn. Patients are monitored for changes in their clinical status, such as the onset of and recovery from organ failure. Blood samples are drawn over the first days and weeks after the injury to obtain gene expression levels over time. Our goal was to develop a method of selecting genes that differentially expressed in patients who either improved or experienced organ failure. For this, we needed a test for the association between longitudinal gene expressions and the time to the occurrence of ordered categorical outcomes indicating recovery, stable disease, and organ failure. We propose a test for which the relationship between the gene expression and the events is modeled using the cumulative proportional odds model that is a generalization of the pooling repeated observation method. Given the high-dimensionality of the microarray data, it was necessary to control for the multiplicity of the testing. To control for the false discovery rate (FDR), we applied both a permutational approach as well as Efron's empirical estimation method. We explore our method through simulations and provide the analysis of the multi-center, longitudinal study of immune response to inflammation and trauma (http://www.gluegrant.org).
An Empirical Correction Term to Density Functional Theory for the Description of the TiCl4‐Lewis Base Complexes (2007)

Abstract Calorimetric and computational investigation on the interaction of TiCl 4 with some Lewis bases (esters and ethers) is presented. The bases were chosen for their relevance in heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta polymerization of propene. Comparison of the theoretical data with the calorimetric data indicates that calculations consistently underestimate the experimental binding energies. In light of this consistency, we propose that an empirical correction term added to the theoretical binding energies could represent an empirical solution for the prediction of the TiCl 4 /donor binding energies with reasonable accuracy.
Enzyme Mediated Extracellular Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles by the Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum (2002)

The biosynthesis of Q-state CdS nanoparticles by reaction of aqueous CdSO4 solution with the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, is demonstrated. Nanoparticle formation proceeds by release of sulfate reductase enzymes by the fungus, conversion of sulfate ions to sulfide ions that subsequently react with aqueous Cd2+ ions to yield highly stable CdS nanoparticles. Elucidation of an enzymatic pathway using fungi opens up the exciting possibility of developing a rational, biosynthesis strategy for nanomaterials over a range of chemical compositions which is currently not possible.
A Full-Stack Neuromorphic Prototype Architecture for Low-Power Wireless Sensors (2022)

One emerging trend in the evolution of sensor technology is to perform Artificial Intelligence (AI) based data processing already on the sensor. The benefits are in terms of reduced upstream communication load or reduced reaction times when the sensor is applied for example, in some time critical control loop. Such developments, however, may easily get in conflict with the equally important requirement of energy efficiency and low power operation. The brain inspired neuromorphic technology may resolve this conflict, if we can put all computation tasks of the sensor on neuromorphic principles, including the communication related processing as well. For this purpose, we need to rebuild the entire communication stack, including information encoding, protocols, radio algorithms on neuromorphic basis. In this paper we show a neuromorphic native design of an end-to-end sensor application and we exemplify such a communication stack with a prototype implementation, where the radio algorithm and protocol components have been replaced by neuromorphic algorithms implemented on a real neuromorphic chip combined with Software Defined Radio (SDR) hardware.
CD160 isoforms and regulation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses (2014)

Antibodies targeting CD160-GPI complement the blockade of PD-1 to enhance HIV-specific T-cell responses and warrant further investigation in the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Purification and Physiochemical Properties of a Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone Produced by Cultured Murine Fibroblasts (1986)

Mouse fibroblast cell lines which secrete bovine (b) GH have been generated. This was accomplished by cotransforming mouse L cells (thymidine kinase-negative [TK-] and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase-negative [APRT-]) with DNA molecules encoding the Rous sarcoma virus-long-terminal repeat and bGH genes along with the herpes viral TK gene and the hamster APRT gene. One stable cell line, Pd lambda-pbGH 4-13, was found to secrete approximately 75 micrograms bGH per 24 h/5.0 X 10(6) cells. Media from this cell line were collected for purification of recombinant bGH (rbGH). Purification involved (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The rbGH was characterized by bioassay, RIA, radioreceptor assay, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Results of these analyses were compared with those obtained with a highly purified pituitary bGH. In the rat tibia bioassay, rbGH was found to be as potent as pituitary bGH. Results from the RIA, radioreceptor assay, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis also suggested that the rbGH was similar to that of pituitary origin. Amino acid composition, partial (amino-terminal) sequence, and tryptic peptide maps were also found to be similar between the rbGH and pituitary bGH preparations. The amino terminus of the rbGH showed similar heterogeneity to that of the bGH of pituitary origin. We conclude that rbGH which was synthesized, processed, and secreted from transformed mouse fibroblasts possessed almost exactly the same physiochemical properties as pituitary bGH.
Towards automatic concept transfer (2011)

This paper introduces a novel approach to automatic concept transfer; examples of concepts are "romantic", "earthy", and "luscious". The approach modifies the color content of an input image given only a concept specified by a user in natural language, thereby requiring minimal user input. This approach is particularly useful for users who are aware of the message they wish to convey in the transferred image while being unsure of the color combination needed to achieve the corresponding transfer. The user may adjust the intensity level of the concept transfer to his/her liking with a single parameter. The proposed approach uses a convex clustering algorithm, with a novel pruning mechanism, to automatically set the complexity of models of chromatic content. It also uses the Earth-Mover's Distance to compute a mapping between the models of the input image and the target chromatic concept. Results show that our approach yields transferred images which effectively represent concepts, as confirmed by a user study.
Analysis of Relaxation Phenomena in MgZn Ferrites. (2000)

The relaxation time of relaxation phenomenon and frequency dispersion of complex permeability have been investigated in system of MgCuZn ferrites. From the measurement of temperature dependence of imaginary part of complex permeability, the relaxation time at infinite temperature is calculated as about 10-12sec. From the analysis of frequency dispersion, the natural resonance frequency does not agree with the one calculated from Snoek's limit and initial permeability measured in the MgCuZn ferrite with relaxation phenomenon. From the consideration of the activation energy and the relaxation time, it is suggested that the relaxation phenomena by CuO substitutions in MgCuZn ferrites occur by the induced magnetic anisotropy with mutual interaction between electron movement and lattice vibration.
An Efficient Synthesis of erythro-β-Hydroxy-l-histidine, the Pivotal Amino Acid of Bleomycin-Fe(II)–O2 Complex (1988)

Abstract erythro-β-Hydroxy-l-histidine is efficiently synthesized in organic solvents from the aldol reaction of (R)-3-bromoacetyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one and 1-triphenylmethylimidazole-4-carbaldehyde followed by SN2 reaction with LiN3 and hydrogenation.
Nematic Liquid Crystal Modulator With 40 µs Response Time (1989)

Recently, transient phase response associated with surface mode molecular relaxation from highly deformed nematic liquid crystal (LC) directors has been employed to achieve high speed liquid crystal modulators.1-3 This transient nematic effect was analyzed experimentally and numerically. The transient decay time was found to be fast, insensitive to cell thickness, but cell proportional to (X/An0)2; being the optical wavelength and Ano the corresponding birefringence of LC. Based on both computer simulations and experimental results, decay time of the fast LC amplitude modulator was derived. Together with multiple pass technique and optimal temperature effect, the response speed of transient nematic effect can be further improved. Nematic liquid crystal modulators with frame time &lt;40 pis have been achieved in the visible spectral region.
A simple modulation scheme for a three-phase direct matrix converter (2012)

The direct matrix converter (DMC) is an AC-to-AC direct power conversion topology based on controlled bidirectional switches that can generate variable output voltages and sinusoidal source currents with controllable displacement power factor at the input side. The topology is characterized by its reduced size and weight compared to Voltage Source Inverters because the lack of dc-link stage. However, its modulation is rather complex due to the high number of switching states and the fact that they are not constant. In this work a new PWM strategy based on the translation of 2L-PWM converter to the DMC is presented. The modulation scheme is developed using a simple logic functions. Results from open and closed loop tests are presented to validate the correctness of proposed modulation.
Numerical Investigation of the Flow Distortion Impact on a Refrigeration Centrifugal Compressor (2016)

The inlet pipe to a centrifugal compressor in a water-cooled chiller can cause complexities in designing a compact unit. Flow distortion caused by the inlet pipe shape and non-uniformity of the flow from the evaporator can affect the compressor performance. Inlet guide vanes (IGVs) used for capacity control may help reduce the distortion by forcing a redistribution of the flow. However, the guide vanes themselves result in increased losses and can introduce flow distortion due to the clearance between the movable vane and stationary housing. In this effort, the influence of the flow distortion on the impeller performance and the losses caused by IGVs were investigated using a commercial code dealing with real gas. The CFD model was first verified by comparison to test data. Further investigation showed that the hub-to-shroud flow distortion, especially shroud side distortion, has a major effect on stage performance. IGVs are necessary for straightening the incoming flow to benefit stall margin but generate high losses themselves. The tip clearance of the IGV decreases the deswirl capability and introduces additional local separation loss. Distortion intensity was calculated according to ARP-1420 methods to justify the usage of the mixing plane in the CFD modeling. The extent of distortion indicated that the steady simulation served as a preferable choice for balancing computational cost &amp; prediction accuracy.
Impact du volume des phéochromocytomes sur leurs sécrétions (2021)

Notre étude avait pour but d’évaluer le lien entre le volume des phéochromocytomes (PHEOs) à l’imagerie et leurs sécrétions. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective sur une cohorte de 122 patients pris en charge aux CHU de Reims et de Liège entre 1988 et 2019. Après exclusion, 89 patients ont été étudiés. Les tumeurs supérieures à 30 mL avaient des médianes de sécrétion (en nombre de fois la normale) significativement supérieures aux tumeurs inférieures à 30 mL pour les métanéphrines MET (4,58 vs 1,14 ; p = 0,04), les normétanéphrines NORMET (6,12 vs 3,55 ; p = 0,034) et les métanéphrines-normétanéphrines combinées MET-NORMET (19,22 vs 5,71 ; p = 0,001). Seule la sécrétion de MET est corrélée au volume tumoral mesuré ( r = 0,329 ; p = 0,029) tout volume confondu, et seulement pour les tumeurs homogènes à l’imagerie. Il n’y avait pas de différence de sécrétions en fonction de l’aspect homogène ou hétérogène pour les tumeurs inférieures à 30 mL, mais une sécrétion de NORMET plus importante pour les tumeurs supérieures à 30 mL homogènes par rapport aux hétérogènes (20,14 vs 5,04 ; p = 0,046). La sécrétion de dérivés méthoxylés est plus importante pour les PHEOs de grand volume mais il ne semble pas y avoir de proportionnalité entre le volume et l’ensemble des sécrétions des dérivés méthoxylés. Notre étude nous oriente à être plus vigilants avec les tumeurs de grand volume, mais cela ne préjuge pas de l’intensité des sécrétions, et donc du caractère symptomatique.
Effect of Process Parameters on Joint Formation and Mechanical Performance in Friction Stir Blind Riveting of Aluminum Alloys (2018)

Aluminum alloys have been increasingly adopted in the fabrication of automotive body structures as an integral component of mass savings strategy. However, mixed use of dissimilar aluminum alloys, such as sheet metals, castings, and extrusions, poses significant challenges to the existing joining technologies, especially in regard to single-sided joint access. To address this issue, the current study applied the friction stir blind riveting (FSBR) process to join 1.2 mm-thick AA6022-T4 aluminum alloy to 3 mm-thick Aural-2 cast aluminum. A newly developed, robot mounted, servo-driven, FSBR equipment and the procedure using it to make FSBR joints were introduced systematically. The effect of rivet feed rate and spindle speed on joint formation and cross section geometry was investigated, and it was found that a high spindle speed and a low rivet feed rate, i.e., high heat input, are prone to produce good joints, and that low heat input can cause severe problems related to insufficient softening of the sheets. The rivet deformation, especially the notch location on the mandrel relative to the shank has significant influence on lap-shear strength and fracture mode of the final joints. A rivet pull-out fracture mode was observed at higher rivet feed rates and lower spindle speeds and exhibited significantly improved energy absorption capability, i.e., 62% higher compared to traditional blind riveted (BR) joints.
Stereoselective Enzymatic Synthesis of cis‐Pellitorine, a Taste Active Alkamide Naturally Occurring in Tarragon (2005)

Abstract The stereochemical descriptor in the compound name of 1a in the first sentence of the Introduction on p. 5135 of the original article [1] is incorrect; the correct name is: (2 E ,4 Z )‐ N ‐isobutyldeca‐2,4‐dienamide
Characterization of DC Arc-Plasmas Generated by High-Voltage Photovoltaic Power Systems. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Rugged Embedded Systems : Computing in Harsh Environments (2016)

Rugged Embedded Systems: Computing in Harsh Environments describes how to design reliable embedded systems for environments, including architectural approaches, cross-stack hardware/software techniques, and emerging challenges and opportunities. A harsh environment presents inherent characteristics, such as extreme temperature and radiation levels, very low power and energy budgets, strict fault tolerance and security constraints, etc. that challenge the computer system in its design and operation. To guarantee proper execution (correct, safe, and low-power) in such scenarios, this contributed work discusses multiple layers that involve firmware, operating systems, and applications, as well as power management units and communication interfaces. This book also incorporates use cases in the domains of unmanned vehicles (advanced cars and micro aerial robots) and space exploration as examples of computing designs for environments. Provides a deep understanding of embedded systems for environments by experts involved in state-of-the-art autonomous vehicle-related projectsCovers the most important challenges (fault tolerance, power efficiency, and cost effectiveness) faced when developing rugged embedded systemsIncludes case studies exploring embedded computing for autonomous vehicle systems (advanced cars and micro aerial robots) and space exploration