gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foldamer-templated catalysis of macrocycle formation (2019)

Macrocycles, compounds containing a ring of 12 or more atoms, find use in human medicine, fragrances, and biological ion sensing. The efficient preparation of macrocycles is a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry because the high entropic cost of large-ring closure allows undesired intermolecular reactions to compete. Here, we present a bioinspired strategy for macrocycle formation through carbon-carbon bond formation. The process relies on a catalytic oligomer containing α- and β-amino acid residues to template the ring-closing process. The α/β-peptide foldamer adopts a helical conformation that displays a catalytic primary amine-secondary amine diad in a specific three-dimensional arrangement. This catalyst promotes aldol reactions that form rings containing 14 to 22 atoms. Utility is demonstrated in the synthesis of the natural product robustol.
Comparison of Orexin 1 and Orexin 2 Ligand Binding Modes Using X-ray Crystallography and Computational Analysis (2019)

The orexin system, which consists of the two G protein-coupled receptors OX&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and OX&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, activated by the neuropeptides OX-A and OX-B, is firmly established as a key regulator of behavioral arousal, sleep, and wakefulness and has been an area of intense research effort over the past two decades. X-ray structures of the receptors in complex with 10 new antagonist ligands from diverse chemotypes are presented, which complement the existing structural information for the system and highlight the critical importance of lipophilic hotspots and water molecules for these peptidergic GPCR targets. Learnings from the structural information regarding the utility of pharmacophore models and how selectivity between OX&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and OX&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; can be achieved are discussed.
Partial Purification and Characterization of a Putative Prohormone-Processing Enzyme Complex from Bovine Pituitary (1991)

A putative prohormone-processing enzyme complex with specificity toward basic residues was partially purified from whole bovine pituitary glands. The complex is basic, binding to S-Sepharose at pH 8.2. The pH optimum of the enzyme is around 8.0. The enzyme is capable of cleaving proenkephalin and is present in at least three forms with relative molecular masses of about 36,000, 58,000, and 90,000 Da. The proteinase complex is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, limabean trypsin inhibitor, and aprotinin, but not by inhibitors of thiol proteinases or metal chelators. Our results indicate that this proteinase is a trypsin-like serine esterase with properties appropriate to that of a prohormone-processing enzyme.
9-Fold Fresnel Kohler concentrator for increased uniform irradiance on high concentrations (2013)

Non-uniform irradiance patterns created by Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) concentrators over Multi-Junction Cells (MJC) can originate significant power losses, especially when there are different spectral irradiance distributions over the different MJC junctions. This fact has an increased importance considering the recent advances in 4 and 5 junction cells. The spectral irradiance distributions are especially affected with thermal effects on Silicone-on-Glass (SoG) CPV systems. This work presents a new CPV optical design, the 9-fold Fresnel Khler concentrator, prepared to overcome these effects at high concentrations while maintaining a large acceptance angle, paving the way for a future generation of high efficiency CPV systems of 4 and 5 junction cells.
Antigens Drive Memory IgE Responses in Human Allergy via the Nasal Mucosa (2006)

The characteristics of the allergen-driven antibody responses indicate a direct activation of an established pool of IgE memory cells with defined specificities as an underlying mechanism. Our finding that nasal allergen contact is a major factor for the boosting of memory IgE and systemic sensitivity may open new therapeutic possibilities.
Tunable guided-wave optical polarization converters in lithium tantalate (1993)

Tunable guided-wave TE↔TM mode converters have been produced in LiTaO3 using strain-induced polarization mode coupling. The waveguides are formed by Zn diffusion from the vapor phase. Phase matched coupling is obtained by depositing a thick SiO2 film at an elevated temperature and delineating a spatially periodic pattern in the film at room temperature. The static shear strain resulting from the large thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and film causes an off-diagonal change in the refractive index via the strain-optic effect and promotes TE↔TM coupling. Polarization conversion in excess of 98% was achieved at a wavelength of 627 nm in X-cut LiTaO3. The conversion efficiency is highly wavelength selective, with a spectral width of 7.3 nm in the 5.4 mm long device. Thermal and electro-optic tuning of the center wavelength was demonstrated.
The Arabidopsis NADPH oxidasesRbohDandRbohFdisplay differential expression patterns and contributions during plant immunity (2016)

Plant NADPH oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that perform a wide range of functions. RbohD and RbohF, two of the 10 Rboh genes present in Arabidopsis, are pleiotropic and mediate diverse physiological processes including the response to pathogens. We hypothesized that the spatio-temporal control of RbohD and RbohF gene expression might be critical in determining their multiplicity of functions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants with RbohD and RbohF promoter fusions to β-glucuronidase and Luciferase reporter genes were generated. Analysis of these plants revealed a differential expression pattern for RbohD and RbohF throughout plant development and during immune responses. RbohD and RbohF gene expression was differentially modulated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Histochemical stains and in vivo expression analysis showed a correlation between the level of RbohD and RbohF promoter activity, H2O2 accumulation and the amount of cell death in response to the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. A promoter-swap strategy revealed that the promoter region of RbohD was required to drive production of ROS by this gene in response to pathogens. Moreover, RbohD promoter was activated during Arabidopsis interaction with a non-virulent P. cucumerina isolate, and susceptibility tests with the double mutant rbohD rbohF uncovered a new function for these oxidases in basal resistance. Altogether, our results suggest that differential spatio-temporal expression of the Rboh genes contributes to fine-tune RBOH/NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production and signaling in Arabidopsis immunity.
Mid-term radiological results of a cementless short humeral component in anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (2019)

Aims Shoulder arthroplasty using short humeral components is becoming increasingly popular. Some such components have been associated with relatively high rates of adverse radiological findings. The aim of this retrospective review was to evaluate the radiological humeral bone changes and mechanical failure rates with implantation of a short cementless humeral component in anatomical (TSA) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Patients and Methods A total of 100 shoulder arthroplasties (35 TSA and 65 RSA) were evaluated at a mean of 3.8 years (3 to 8.3). The mean age at the time of surgery was 68 years (31 to 90). The mean body mass index was 32.7 kg/m 2 (17.3 to 66.4). Results Greater tuberosity stress shielding was noted in 14 shoulders (two TSA and 12 RSA) and was graded as mild in nine, moderate in two, and severe in three. Medial calcar resorption was noted in 23 shoulders (seven TSA and 16 RSA), and was graded as mild in 21 and moderate in two. No humeral components were revised for loosening or considered to be loose radiologically. Nine shoulders underwent reoperation for infection (n = 3), fracture of the humeral tray (n = 2), aseptic glenoid loosening (n = 1), and instability (n = 3). No periprosthetic fractures occurred. Conclusion Implantation of this particular short cementless humeral component at the time of TSA or RSA was associated with a low rate of adverse radiological findings on the humeral side at mid-term follow-up. Our data do not raise any concerns regarding the use of a short stem in TSA or RSA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:610–614.
A Novel Direct Detection Microwave Photonic Vector Modulation Scheme for Radio-Over-Fiber System (2008)

This letter demonstrates the feasibility of a novel direct detection microwave photonic vector modulation scheme for the radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. Unlike the traditional double-sideband with optical carrier suppression modulation scheme, which can carry only the on-off keying data format, the proposed scheme encodes the electrical vector signal on either the upper sideband (USB) or the lower sideband (LSB) only and a pure optical subcarrier on the other sideband. Therefore, phase and amplitude information will be preserved after direct detection. A frequency doubling scheme is employed to reduce the cost of RoF systems. Additionally, the relative intensity between USB and LSB can be easily tuned by adjusting the individual power of electrical driving signals to optimize the performance of the optical radio-frequency signals. A proof-of-concept experiment is conducted by using a 1.25 Gb/s BPSK signal at a carrier frequency of 20 GHz. After transmission over 50-km single-mode fiber, the receiver sensitivity penalty is less than 0.5 dB.
Outcome and risk factors of patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma who relapse or progress after autologous stem cell transplant (2013)

Today, more than 80% of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can be cured with first-line treatment [1–3]. For patients with HL suffering from relapse or progression after first-line therapy, high d...
Mechanism of Molecular Exchange in Diblock Copolymer Micelles: Hypersensitivity to Core Chain Length (2010)

Molecular exchange between spherical micelles formed from isotopically labeled diblock copolymers was investigated using time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering measurements. Temperature changes affect the micelle exchange rate R(t) consistent with melt dynamics for the core polymer. Varying the core block length N produces gigantic changes in R(t) due to the thermodynamic penalty associated with ejecting a core block into the surrounding solvent. This hypersensitivity, combined with modest polydispersity in N, leads to an approximately logarithmic R(t).
Leptin inhibits insulin binding in isolated rat adipocytes (1997)

Leptin is secreted from adipose tissue, and is thought to act as a 'lipostat', signalling the body fat levels to the hypothalamus resulting in adjustments to food intake and energy expenditure to maintain body weight homeostasis. In addition, plasma leptin concentrations have been shown to be related to insulin sensitivity independent of body fat content, suggesting that the hyperleptinemia found in obesity could contribute to the insulin resistance. We investigated the effects of leptin on insulin binding by isolated adipocytes. Adipocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in the uptake of 125I-labelled insulin when incubated with various concentrations of exogenous leptin. For example, addition of 50 nM leptin reduced total insulin binding in isolated adipocytes by 19% (P < 0.05). Analysis of displacement curve binding data suggested that leptin reduced maximal insulin binding in a dose-dependent manner, but had no significant effect on the affinity of insulin for its binding site. We conclude that leptin directly inhibited insulin binding by adipocytes, and the role of leptin in the development of insulin resistance in obese individuals requires further investigation.
Long‐term expression of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor slows, but does not stop retinal degeneration in a model of retinitis pigmentosa (2012)

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of diseases in which one of hundreds of mutations causes death of rod photoreceptor cells and then cones gradually die from oxidative damage. As different mutations cause rod cell death by different mechanisms, mutation-specific treatments are needed. Another approach is to use a neurotrophic factor to promote photoreceptor survival regardless of the mechanism of cell death, and previous studies have demonstrated encouraging short-term results with gene transfer of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). We generated rd10 mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of GDNF in photoreceptors (Tet/IRBP/GDNF-rd10 mice) or retinal pigmented epithelial cells (Tet/VMD2/GDNF-rd10 mice). In doxycycline-treated Tet/IRBP/GDNF-rd10 mice, there was a 9.3 × 10(4) -fold increase in Gdnf mRNA at P35 and although it decreased over time, it was still increased by 9.4 × 10(3) -fold at P70. Gdnf mRNA was increased 4.5 × 10(2) -fold in doxycycline-treated Tet/VMD2/GDMF-rd10 mice at P35 and was not significantly decreased at P70. GDNF protein levels were increased about 2.3-fold at P35 and 30% at P70 in Tet/IRBP/GDNF-rd10 mice, and in Tet/VMD2/GDNF-rd10 mice they were increased 30% at P35 and not significantly increased at P70. Despite the difference in expression, Tet/IRBP/GDNF-rd10 and Tet/VMD2/GDNF-rd10 mice had comparable significant increases in outer nuclear layer thickness and mean photopic and scotopic ERG b-wave amplitudes compared with rd10 mice at P35 which decreased, but was still significant at P70. Compared with rd10 mice, Tet/IRBP/GDNF-rd10 and Tet/VMD2/GDNF-rd10 mice had comparable significant improvements in cone density at P50 that decreased, but were still significant at P70. These data indicate that despite a large difference in expression of GDNF, Tet/IRBP/GDNF-rd10 and Tet/VMD2/GDNF-rd10 provide comparable slowing of photoreceptor degeneration, but cannot stop the degeneration.
Enhancement of oxide break-up by implantation of fluorine in poly-Si emitter contacted p/sup +/-n shallow junction formation (1994)

In this study, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of fluorine can enhance poly-Si/Si interfacial oxide break-up in the poly-Si emitter contacted p/sup +/-n shallow junction formation. The annealing temperature for breaking up the poly-Si/Si interfacial oxide has been found to be as low as 900/spl deg/C. As a result, the junction depth of the BF/sub 2/-implanted device is much larger than that of the boron-implanted device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combined treatment of the experimental human papilloma virus-16-positive cervical and head and neck cancers with cisplatin and radioimmunotherapy targeting viral E6 oncoprotein (2013)

Our study demonstrates that preceding RIT targeting E6 oncogene with chemotherapy is effective in suppressing tumour growth in mouse models of HPV16+ cancers.
FOXP3 ensembles in T‐cell regulation (2006)

Our recent studies have identified dynamic protein ensembles containing forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) that provide insight into the molecular complexity of suppressor T-cell activities, and it is our goal to determine how these ensembles regulate FOXP3's transcriptional activity in vivo. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how FOXP3 expression is induced and how FOXP3 functions in vivo as a transcriptional regulator by assembling a multisubunit complex involved in histone modification as well as chromatin remodeling.
Conclusion & executive summary (2013)

The research activity on buckminsterfullerene (C60) and other soluble functionalized fullerenes in the last few decades has been extraordinary. A host of physical and chemical properties of these materials have now been established, and their potential applications in several areas are now apparent. In biomedical applications, functionalized fullerenes have been studied in different in vitro and in vivo studies and have shown promising effects as anti-cancer and antimicrobial (bacteria, fungus and virus) nanomedicines. Fullerenes have been widely studied in recent years as potential PS that could mediate PDT of diverse diseases. Most of these reports have been confined to in...
Immunodetection Methods for Grass Pollen Allergens on Western Blots (1990)

A comparison is made of eight different methods to detect allergenic proteins in Western blots of rye-grass pollen extracts. Horseradish peroxidase-based enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) provides a sensitive method for the detection of allergenic proteins. The method has been modified to use more dilute solutions of ECL substrate to reduce the background, can be applied to a standard nitrocellulose membrane, and used with Kodak X-ray film. The assays can be performed rapidly, replacing use of radiolabelled probes. Increased resolution is obtained. This makes the method suitable for detection of cDNA clones on plaque lifts, and for rapid and specific purification of proteins following immunodetection on nitrocellulose membranes.
Modeling and control of a hybrid-electric vehicle drivetrain (1996)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.
Glycosidase Inhibitors:  Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Aza-Sugars from Schiff Base Amino Esters via Tandem Reduction-Alkenylation and Osmylation (1999)

Nitrogen-in-the-ring “aza-sugars” have been synthesized in enantiomerically pure form from the amino acid l-alanine in excellent overall yield. The O'Donnell's Schiff base of l-alanine methyl ester 9a was converted to aza-sugar l-fuco-1-deoxy-nojirimycin, 18, and to the epimer l-gulo-1-deoxy-nojirimycin, 20, in eight steps. The overall yields were 20 and 29%, respectively. The methodology for the efficient generation of silyl- and benzyl-protected (E)-3-lithio-2-propen-1-ols, and the use of these alkenyllithiums with iBu5Al2H as nucleophiles in the threo-selective tandem reduction−alkenylation of the Schiff base esters is described. Osmium-catalyzed cis-oxygenation of the resulting olefin products was selective for the galacto (fuco) amino polyols in all cases for the acyclic olefins, and was gulo-selective for the cyclic D-4,5-dihydropyridine pivalate, 17c. TEMPO-NaOCl was selective for oxidation of the primary position of the acyclic Schiff bases, and allowed for minimal protection/deprotection of the intermediates. The resulting N-benzhydryl heterocycles were easily deprotected with H2−Pd at atmospheric pressure.
Caveolin‐1 scaffolding domain peptides inhibits endothelial cell proliferation (2009)

Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel sprouts from existing capillary networks with endothelial cell proliferation serving an essential role in this process. Caveolin‐1 protein is a plasma membrane protein governing caveolae formation that interacts with several signaling receptors and when over‐expressed can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism of caveolin‐1 inhibition of endothelial proliferation is not known. Here we demonstrate that the Cav‐1 scaffolding domain (AP‐Cav amino acids 82‐101) significantly inhibits VEGF stimulation of Erk 1/2 phosphorylation and BrdU incorporation of endothelial cells compared to control AP peptide. Our studies demonstrate that the caveolin‐1 scaffolding domain peptide functionally inhibits endothelial cell proliferation which may be useful in designing novel types of angiogenesis inhibitors.
Evaluation methodology for Bayer demosaic algorithms in camera phones (2009)

The current approach used for demosaic algorithm evaluation is mostly empirical and does not offer a meaningful quantitative metric - this disconnects the theoretical results from the results seen in practice. In camera phones, the difference is even bigger due to the low signal to noise ratios and also due to the overlapping of the color filters. This implies that a demosaic algorithm has to be designed to allow for graceful degradation in presence of noise. Also, the demosaic algorithm has to be tolerant to high color correlations. In this paper we propose a special class of images and a methodology that can be used to produce a metric indicative of a real case demosaic algorithm performance. The test image that we propose is formed by using a dual chirp signal that is a function of the distance from the center.
FusionSeq: a modular framework for finding gene fusions by analyzing paired-end RNA-sequencing data (2010)

We have developed FusionSeq to identify fusion transcripts from paired-end RNA-sequencing. FusionSeq includes filters to remove spurious candidate fusions with artifacts, such as misalignment or random pairing of transcript fragments, and it ranks candidates according to several statistics. It also has a module to identify exact sequences at breakpoint junctions. FusionSeq detected known and novel fusions in a specially sequenced calibration data set, including eight cancers with and without known rearrangements.
A Novel Example for Optical Resolution of Racemic Ketones Originating from Batrachotoxin Synthesis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Novel Example for Optical Resolution of Racemic Ketones Originating from Batrachotoxin SynthesisMichio Kurosu and Yoshito KishiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 18, 6100–6101Publication Date (Web):August 14, 1998Publication History Received22 July 1998Published online14 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981416mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981416mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1007Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Ketones,Mixtures,Organic synthesis,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Light-field control of electric current in metal-dielectric nano-circuits (2011)

The advent of intense few-cycle near infrared (NIR) laser pulses with stable and tunable carrier envelope phase (CEP) has enabled the control of electromagnetic fields with attosecond time precision. Here we aim at exploiting these few-cycle NIR optical fields with well-defined CEP to generate and control the motion of charge carriers within heterogeneous nanoscaled solid state interfaces. We demonstrate the generation of directly measurable photocurrents in unbiased metal-dielectric-metal nanogaps, whose magnitude and directionality can be tuned with the laser CEP. This effect vanishes with the increase of the laser pulse duration. We claim that such phenomenon is the signature of optically induced electron tunneling at the heterogeneous interface, with subsequent acceleration of the charge carrier in the ultrashort laser field.