gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All track directed self-assembly of block copolymers: process flow and origin of defects (2012)

Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of block copolymers is considered to be a potential lithographic solution to achieve higher feature densities than can be obtained by current lithographic techniques. However, it is still not well-established how amenable DSA of block copolymers is to an industrial fabrication environment in terms of defectivity and processing conditions. Beyond production-related challenges, precise manipulation of the geometrical and chemical properties over the substrate is essential to achieve high pattern fidelity upon the self-assembly process. Using our chemo-epitaxy DSA approach offers control over the surface properties of the slightly preferential brush material as well as those of the guiding structures. This allows for a detailed assessment of the critical material parameters for defect reduction. The precise control of environment afforded by industrial equipment allows for the selective analysis of material and process related boundary conditions and assessment of their effect on defect generation. In this study, the previously reported implementation of our feature multiplication process was used to investigate the origin of defects in terms of the geometry of the initial pre-patterns. Additionally, programmed defects were used to investigate the ability of the BCP to heal defects in the resist patterns and will aid to assess the capture capability of the inspection tool. Finally, the set-up of the infrastructure that will allow the study the generation of defects due to the interaction of the BCP with the boundary conditions has been accomplished at imec.
Understanding EUV-induced plasma and application to particle contamination control in EUV scanners (2020)

With the introduction of the NXE:3400B scanner, ASML has brought EUV to High-Volume Manufacturing (HVM). In this context, ASML is pursuing a dual-path approach towards zero reticle defectivity: EUVcompatible pellicle or zero particles towards reticle by advanced particle contamination control. This paper will focus primarily on the approach of advanced particle contamination control and on the understanding of EUV-induced plasma to control both release and transport of particles within the scanner. This paper will present our advancements in understanding and control of particle forces related to the EUV-induced plasma, for EUV sources up to 250W and beyond. This will combine models and simulations with off-line experiments as well as in-situ scanner tests. It will be shown that our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of plasma-induced release and transport of &lt;1um particles enables us to manage defectivity levels down to be compatible with HVM requirements for sub-10nm node lithography.
Evaluating Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes through a Novel 3-Dimensional In Vitro System for Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration (2012)

Our findings demonstrate the use of OA chondrocytes in tissue engineering and their significance for potential future cartilage regeneration research through their matrix production capabilities and the use of a hydrogel culture system.
On Quantum Weight Reduction (2021)

We give a general procedure for weight reducing quantum codes. This corrects a previous work\cite{owr}, and introduces a new technique that we call "coning" to effectively induce high weight stabilizers in an LDPC code. As one application, any LDPC code (with arbitrary $O(1)$ stabilizer weights) may be turned into a code where all stabilizers have weight at most $5$ at the cost of at most a constant factor increase in number of physical qubits and constant factor reduction in distance. Also, by applying this technique to a quantum code whose $X$-stabilizers are derived from a classical log-weight random code and whose $Z$-stabilizers have linear weight, we construct an LDPC quantum code with distance $\tilde Ω(N^{2/3})$ and $\tildeΩ(N^{2/3})$ logical qubits.
Whole Genome Sequences of Three Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue Strains: Yaws and Syphilis Treponemes Differ in Less than 0.2% of the Genome Sequence (2012)

Hypothetical genes, with genetic differences, consistently found between TPE and TPA strains are candidates for syphilitic treponemes virulence factors. Seventeen TPE genes were predicted under positive selection, and eleven of them coded either for predicted exported proteins or membrane proteins suggesting their possible association with the cell surface. Sequence changes between TPE and TPA strains and changes specific to individual strains represent suitable targets for subspecies- and strain-specific molecular diagnostics.
Recent developments in metal laminated tooling (2005)

Based on recent achievements in the field of Metal Laminated Tooling or MELATO® it can be confirmed that this unique technology contributes to enormous time and costs savings. There are special approaches for different manufacturing technologies. For metal sheet forming tools, main objective is to reduce the costs for tool making. Unlike to this, laminated injection molding or pressure die casting tools are designed to reduce time and costs for the actual manufacturing process. This is achieved by integration of conformal cooling systems. Besides the reduced injection cycle time, part distortions are minimized. The manufacturing process presented in this paper is based on multiple additive and subtractive technologies such as laser cutting, laser welding, clamping, casting, gluing, brazing and finish machining techniques. Diverse applications for laminated tools will be discussed as well.
Bifunctional Ag‐based catalyst for NOx reduction with E‐diesel fuel (2014)

Abstract The excellent low‐temperature deNO x performance of Ag/AlF 3 /Al 2 O 3 by simulated E‐diesel fuel has been achieved, mainly due to the multiple roles of AlF 3 impregnated onto Al 2 O 3 . It increases the formation of the highly dispersed Ag ions and the catalyst surface acidity as well as the formation of the reaction intermediates such as cyanides and isocyanates. A plausible process for the formation of the surface composition of Ag/AlF 3 /Al 2 O 3 has been proposed by using the results from XPS and FTIR.
A 14-mW 6.25-Gb/s Transceiver in 90-nm CMOS (2007)

This paper describes a 6.25-Gb/s 14-mW transceiver in 90-nm CMOS for chip-to-chip applications. The transceiver employs a number of features for reducing power consumption, including a shared LC-PLL clock multiplier, an inductor-loaded resonant clock distribution network, a low- and programmable-swing voltage-mode transmitter, software-controlled clock and data recovery (CDR) and adaptive equalization within the receiver, and a novel PLL-based phase rotator for the CDR. The design can operate with channel attenuation of -15 dB or greater at a bit-error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> or less, while consuming less than 2.25 mW/Gb/s per transceiver.
On the Use of Home Node Bs for Emergency Telemedicine Applications in Various Indoor Environments (2011)

The use of emergency telemedicine applications at the site of a medical emergency event provides a multitude of benefits, both from the perspective of the patient and the emergency care providers. Innovations in rich multimedia telemedicine solutions further enhances the aforementioned benefits, but places more stringent quality-of-service demands on the underlying mobile networks. In this paper, the authors present a proposal for a complementary solution for rapid provisioning of mobile broadband data connectivity for emergency telemedicine applications in indoor environments. The proposed solution relies on the exploitation of existing femtocellular network resources available at emergency sites in various residential building types. Simulations carried out for a UMTS network environment demonstrate significant improvements in terms of achievable throughput for the emergency mobile terminal device when access to UMTS Home Node Bs available in the building is allowed for emergencies compared to macro Node B access only.
IBM POWER9 processor and system features for computing in the cognitive era (2018)

IBM POWER9 is a family of processor chips designed to serve a diverse set of workloads. New features have been added to POWER9 to address emerging workloads such as cognitive and artificial intelligence applications. POWER9 also further enhances features introduced in IBM POWER8 for big data and cloud applications. Distinct chips using common intellectual property building blocks are provided to enable enterprise applications requiring large symmetric multiprocessor servers with large memory footprints, as well as one to two socket industry form-factor servers. In this paper, we describe new POWER9 features for both system types. Several highly differentiated new features are described in other papers in this issue of the IBM Journal, and they provide a more in-depth description of their unique design aspects.
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) over Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) (2017)

This document describes the procedures and recommendations for Virtual
Private LAN Service (VPLS) Provider Edges (PEs) to facilitate
replication of multicast traffic to only certain ports (behind which
there are interested Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) routers
and/or Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) hosts) via PIM
snooping and proxying. With PIM snooping, PEs passively listen to
certain PIM control messages to build control and forwarding states
while transparently flooding those messages. With PIM proxying, PEs do
not flood PIM Join/Prune messages but only generate their own and send
them out of certain ports, based on the control states built from
downstream Join/Prune messages. PIM proxying is required when PIM Join
suppression is enabled on the Customer Edge (CE) devices and is useful
for reducing PIM control traffic in a VPLS domain. This document also
describes PIM relay, which can be viewed as lightweight proxying,
where all downstream Join/Prune messages are simply forwarded out of
certain ports and are not flooded, thereby avoiding the triggering of
PIM Join suppression on CE devices.
The awr Gene Family Encodes a Novel Class of Ralstonia solanacearum Type III Effectors Displaying Virulence and Avirulence Activities (2012)

We present here the characterization of a new gene family, awr, found in all sequenced Ralstonia solanacearum strains and in other bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate that the five paralogues in strain GMI1000 encode type III-secreted effectors and that deletion of all awr genes severely impairs its capacity to multiply in natural host plants. Complementation studies show that the AWR (alanine-tryptophan-arginine tryad) effectors display some functional redundancy, although AWR2 is the major contributor to virulence. In contrast, the strain devoid of all awr genes (Δawr1-5) exhibits enhanced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis plants. A gain-of-function approach expressing AWR in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 proves that this is likely due to effector recognition, because AWR5 and AWR4 restrict growth of this bacterium in Arabidopsis. Transient overexpression of AWR in nonhost tobacco species caused macroscopic cell death to varying extents, which, in the case of AWR5, shows characteristics of a typical hypersensitive response. Our work demonstrates that AWR, which show no similarity to any protein with known function, can specify either virulence or avirulence in the interaction of R. solanacearum with its plant hosts.
Analysis of periodic broadcast message for DSRC systems under high-density vehicle environments (2017)

Recently, many applications for co-operative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) using wireless vehicle communication technology such as DSRC have been developed to improve traffic problems and provide user convenience. Above all, broadcast message sets such as CAM and DENM are very useful for vehicle safety. However, V2X systems must design system parameters in highly congested traffic conditions, especially to ensure robust communication channels while avoiding packet collisions. This paper analyzes the proper transmit power control to maintain channel load under maximum channel capacity. From the obtained system parameters, the packet delivery ratio and the mean delay are analyzed as system performance for periodic broadcast messages. In addition, the analysis for the physical transmission mode and the contention window size is performed to satisfy the packet collision rate of 1% in the given number of vehicles and transmission packet size.
Drug Repurposing: The Anthelmintics Niclosamide and Nitazoxanide are Potent TMEM16A Antagonists that Fully Bronchodilate Airways (2018)

There is an unmet need in severe asthma where approximately 40% of patients exhibit poor β-agonist responsiveness, suffer daily symptoms and show frequent exacerbations. Antagonists of the Ca 2+ -activated-Cl − channel, TMEM16A, offers a new mechanism to bronchodilate airways and block the multiple contractiles operating in severe disease. To identify TMEM16A antagonists we screened a library of ~580,000 compounds. The anthelmintics niclosamide, nitazoxanide and related compounds were identified as potent TMEM16A antagonists that blocked airway smooth muscle depolarization and contraction. To evaluate whether TMEM16A antagonists resist use- and inflammatory-desensitization pathways limiting β-agonist action, we tested their efficacy under harsh conditions using maximally contracted airways or airways pretreated with a cytokine cocktail. Stunningly, TMEM16A antagonists fully bronchodilated airways, while the β-agonist isoproterenol showed only partial effects. Thus, antagonists of TMEM16A and repositioning of niclosamide and nitazoxanide represent an important additional treatment for patients with severe asthma and COPD that is poorly controlled with existing therapies. It is of note that drug repurposing has also attracted wide interest in niclosamide and nitazoxanide as a new treatment for cancer and infectious disease. For the first time we identify TMEM16A as a molecular target for these drugs and thus provide fresh insights into their mechanism for the treatment of these disorders in addition to respiratory disease.
Structural Bioinformatics in Cancer (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Macromolecular crystallography Molecular modelling Conclusions
Octahedron-Based Projections as Intermediate Representations for\n Computer Imaging: TOAST, TEA and More (2018)

This paper defines and discusses a set of rectangular all-sky projections\nwhich have no singular points, notably the Tesselated Octahedral Adaptive\nSpherical Transformation (or TOAST) developed initially for the WorldWide\nTelescope (WWT). These have proven to be useful as intermediate representations\nfor imaging data where the application transforms dynamically from a\nstandardized internal format to a specific format (projection, scaling,\norientation, etc.) requested by the user. TOAST is strongly related to the\nHierarchical Triangular Mesh (HTM) pixelization and is particularly well\nadapted to the situations where one wishes to traverse a hierarchy of\nincreasing resolution images. Since it can be recursively computed using a very\nsimple algorithm it is particularly adaptable to use by graphical processing\nunits.\n
Nonlinear analysis of quantum fluctuations in absorptive optical bistability (1986)

Stochastic differential equations for absorptive optical bistability derived using the positive P representation are solved numerically. The stochastic model is formulated in ten dimensions, twice the dimensions of the space of physical observables. Extra dimensions are needed to include the quantum character of the noise. Ensemble averages are computed for the field amplitude, the incoherent intensity, and the second-order correlation function of the transmitted light. Comparisons with linearized theory are made and detailed results are given in the vicinity of the critical point where nonlinear effects are paramount. The scaling of fluctuations with system size at the critical point is investigated. Transitions between deterministic steady states are studied in a system just beyond the threshold for bistability. A potential difficulty with the use of the positive P representation for modeling nonlinear quantum-statistical systems is identified.
Development of a Numerical Model for Non-Uniformly Powered Die to Improve Both Thermal and Device Clock Performance (2009)

Integration of different functional components such as level two (L2) cache memory, high-speed I/O interfaces, memory controller, etc. has enhanced microprocessor performance. In this architecture, certain functional units on the microprocessor dissipate a significant fraction of the total power while other functional blocks dissipate little or no power. This highly non-uniform power distribution results in a large temperature gradient with localized hot spots that may have detrimental effect on computer performance and product reliability as well as yield. Moving the functional blocks may reduce the junction temperature but can also affect the performance by a factor as high as 35%. In this paper, multi-objective optimization is performed to minimize the junction temperature without significantly altering the computer performance. From the results, the minimum and the maximum temperature was 82.4°C and 94.5°C with a corresponding penalty on the performance of 35% and 0% respectively. The optimized location of the functional blocks resulted in a temperature of 83.2°C for a performance loss of 5%.
Check valves for microfluidic systems and methods thereof (2023)

The present invention relates to microfluidic check valves, as well as fluidic cartridges including such check valves. In particular examples, the check valve includes a pre-stressed spring formed from a planar substrate. Various characteristics of the valves, such as size, profile, opening pressure, etc., can be tuned to provide desired performance when employed within a fluidic cartridge.
Extending the Scope of NMR Spectroscopy with Microcoil Probes (2006)

Capillary NMR (CapNMR) spectroscopy has emerged as a major breakthrough for increasing the mass-sensitivity of NMR spectroscopic analysis and enabling the combination of NMR spectroscopy with other analytical techniques. Not only is the acquisition of high-sensitivity spectra getting easier but the quality of CapNMR spectra obtained in many small-molecule applications exceeds what can be accomplished with conventional designs. This Minireview discusses current CapNMR technology and its applications for the characterization of mass-limited, small-molecule and protein samples, the rapid screening of small-molecule or protein libraries, as well as hyphenated techniques that combine CapNMR with other analytical methods.
Async-RED: A Provably Convergent Asynchronous Block Parallel Stochastic Method using Deep Denoising Priors (2021)

Regularization by denoising (RED) is a recently developed framework for solving inverse problems by integrating advanced denoisers as image priors. Recent work has shown its state-of-the-art performance when combined with pre-trained deep denoisers. However, current RED algorithms are inadequate for parallel processing on multicore systems. We address this issue by proposing a new{asynchronous RED (Async-RED) algorithm that enables asynchronous parallel processing of data, making it significantly faster than its serial counterparts for large-scale inverse problems. The computational complexity of Async-RED is further reduced by using a random subset of measurements at every iteration. We present a complete theoretical analysis of the algorithm by establishing its convergence under explicit assumptions on the data-fidelity and the denoiser. We validate Async-RED on image recovery using pre-trained deep denoisers as priors.
The effects of food on opioid-induced nausea and vomiting and pharmacological parameters: a systematic review (2017)

Opioids remain the standard of care for treating moderate to severe pain resulting from surgery or injury in cases of acute pain, and are recommended for patients who have not responded to nonopioid analgesics. Effective management of pain has an impact on clinical course and often depends on achieving an acceptable balance between opioid efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Common opioid-related adverse events such as nausea and vomiting are associated with an overall lower achievement of effective pain management and patient satisfaction. However, in practice, clinicians employ various strategies to maximize efficacy, minimize these adverse effects, and ensure the careful, judicious, and evidence-based use of opioids for patients who require them. Typical strategies for management and minimization of these types of adverse events include dose reduction, dose titration, opioid rotation, prescription for an antiemetic, and recommending the patient take opioids with food. Overall, the most straightforward approach that clinicians tend to employ that does not require additional visits or adjustment of prescriptions, is to recommend patients take opioids with food. However, given the current climate with opioids, it is critical and imperative that decisions for use of opioids be grounded in a solid and thorough evidence-base. In fact, several opioids are recommended to be taken explicitly with or without food because of interactions with abuse-deterrent technologies that can cause increased adverse events or inadequate analgesia. Therefore, we sought to review, synthesize, and summarize the literature for randomized, controlled trials and other studies to support the hypothesis that taking opioids with food reduces opioid-related events such as nausea and vomiting. Based on the current evidence we surveyed, the recommendation to take opioids with food does not appear to consistently and unequivocally reduce nausea and vomiting and, in many cases, increases the frequency of these adverse events in the studies we examined.
Data from Considerations for the Clinical Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: Observations from a <i>Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Symposium</i> Held June 15, 2010 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;T cells that are genetically modified to express single-chain chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) have shown promise in early cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. Unfortunately, 2 recent deaths in cancer patients treated with CAR T cells have created some uncertainty on how to best mitigate patient risk, while continuing to advance this very promising therapeutic avenue. In order to address these concerns, the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) held a symposium, the objectives of which were to first review the reported treatment-associated toxicities and, second, to discuss methods for improving safety and efficacy. This report highlights the issues raised as part of this discussion, with a specific focus on protocols infusing CAR T cells. Because this was not a consensus conference, the opinions described should not be construed to represent those of any individual RAC member, the RAC as a body, conference participants, the National Institutes of Health, or the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(9); 3175–81. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Femtocells [Guest Editorial] (2009)

Femtocells are destined to transform the way mobile operators build their cellular networks and grow their coverage and capacity. Femtocells are small base stations operating in the licensed cellular bands. They are so small and inexpensive, and transmit at such low power, that they are meant to be placed in individual homes and backhauled onto the operator's network via conventional digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable broadband access (or, when available, fiber).
Development of Al-Li alloy and thermoplastic composite materials (1995)

263 p.