gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Nonabelian Group Based Cryptography: A Survey and Open Problems (2011)

Most common public key cryptosystems and public key exchange protocols presently in use, such as the RSA algorithm, Diffie-Hellman, and elliptic curve methods are number theory based and hence depend on the structure of abelian groups. The strength of computing machinery has made these techniques theoretically susceptible to attack and hence recently there has been an active line of research to develop cryptosystems and key exchange protocols using noncommutative cryptographic platforms. This line of investigation has been given the broad title of noncommutative algebraic cryptography. This was initiated by two public key protocols that used the braid groups, one by Ko, Lee et.al.and one by Anshel, Anshel and Goldfeld. The study of these protocols and the group theory surrounding them has had a large effect on research in infinite group theory. In this paper we survey these noncommutative group based methods and discuss several ideas in abstract infinite group theory that have arisen from them. We then present a set of open problems.
Isoenzyme Polymorphism in Flowering Plants III Gel Electrophoretic Methods and Applications (1968)

Abstract Gel electrophoretic methods and equipment which were devised or modified for rapid and economic application to angiosperm tissues are described. Staining schedules are outlined that proved effective on a wide variety of tissues for elucidation of isoenzymes with the following activities; eslerase, peroxidase, catalase, leucine amino peptidase, phosphatase, amylase, and glutamic‐oxalacetic‐transaminase. Illustrative applications are discussed.
Small-particle composites. II. Nonlinear optical properties (1996)

Strong fluctuations of local fields may result in very large optical nonlinearities in small-particle composites. Enhancement associated with particle clustering is found for a number of optical processes, including four-wave mixing (FWM), third-harmonic generation (THG), Raman scattering, and nonlinear refraction and absorption in Kerr media. Field fluctuations and optical nonlinear susceptibilities are especially large in fractal clusters. The enhancement of optical processes is expressed in terms of the resonant linear absorption by collective dipolar eigenmodes in a cluster, and quality factors, q, of the modes (q\ensuremath{\gg}1). It is shown that the susceptibility of a composite material consisting of random small-particle clusters is proportional to ${\mathit{q}}^{3}$ for Raman scattering and the Kerr optical nonlinearity, and to ${\mathit{q}}^{4}$ and ${\mathit{q}}^{6}$ for THG and FWM, respectively. For all of these processes, a spectral dependence of the effective susceptibility is found. Broad-scale numerical simulations of the optical response in small-particle composites are performed to complement the theory. The simulations are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware test 3-11 on the Texas T101 bridge rail (2011)

Report on a study examining the impact performance of T101 bridge rails with pickup trucks. The study determined the T101 bridge rail did not meet Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware evaluation criteria for test 3-11 and the vehicle overturned after losing contact with the barrier.
Utilization of leucine by working rat heart (1980)

Leucine provided substrate to partially support mechanical activity of working rat hearts; the beneficial effect on peak systolic pressure development was more marked as leucine concentration was increased to 10 mM. In Langendorff preparations that had been exposed to 5 mM [U-14C]leucine, the imposition of cardiac work was accompanied by a threefold increase in the rate of 14CO2 production within the first 30 s; however, the rate decreased 40% in the next 10 min. This transient acceleration of 14CO2 production was not observed when [1-14C]leucine was provided and appeared to be due to oxidation of a tissue pool of radioactive intermediates that was present after 10 min of Langendorff perfusion. Over a period of 1 h, oxidation of either [U-14C]- or [1-14C]leucine increased 25-40% in working compared to Langendorff preparations that were supplied 5 mM leucine and 11 mM glucose. In working hearts that were supplied a substrate and hormone mixture that simulated normal plasma and 1 mM leucine, a concentration found in the plasma of diabetic but not normal rats, leucine oxidation was accelerated 73% by work but amounted to only 3.3% of oxygen consumption.
Acupuncture for olfactory dysfunction in infected COVID-19 patients: Study protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial (2022)

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is defined as the reduced or distorted ability to smell during sniffing (orthonasal olfaction) and represents one of the early symptoms in the clinical course of COVID-19 infection. A large online questionnaire-based survey has shown that some post-COVID-19 patients had no improvement 1 month after discharge from the hospital. To explore the efficacy of acupuncture for OD in COVID-19 infected patients and to determine whether acupuncture could have benefits over sham acupuncture for OD in post-COVID-19 patients. This is a single-blind, randomized controlled, cross-over trial. We plan to recruit 40 post-COVID-19 patients with smell loss or smell distortions lasting for more than 1 month. Qualified patients will be randomly allocated to the intervention group (real acupuncture) or the control group (sham acupuncture) at a 1:1 ratio. Each patient will receive 8 sessions of treatment over 4 weeks (Cycle 1) and a 2-week follow-up. After the follow-up, the control group will be subjected to real acupuncture for another 4 weeks (Cycle 2), and the real acupuncture group will undergo the 4-week sham acupuncture. The primary outcomes will be the score changes on the questionnaire of olfactory functioning and olfaction-related quality of life at week 6, 8, 12, and 14 from the baseline. The secondary outcomes will be the changes in the olfactory test score at week 6 and 12 from the baseline measured by using the Traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-TC). The results of this trial will help to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture for OD in post-COVID-19 patients. This may provide a new treatment option for patients.
Developing Laminar Free Convection in an Open Ended Vertical Annulus with a Rotating Inner Cylinder (1981)

A finite-difference scheme is developed for solving the boundary layer equations governing the laminar free convection flow in open ended vertical concentric annuli with rotating inner walls. Numerical results are presented for a fluid of Pr = 0.7 in an annulus of radius ratio 0.5 under the thermal boundary conditions of one wall being isothermal and the opposite wall adiabatic. Comparing the present results for the development of δθ (tangential boundary layer displacement thickness) with those corresponding results of forced flows shows that heating the inner cylinder has always stabilizing effects while heating the outer cylinder has either destabilizing or stabilizing effects.
Redundant synthesis of a conidial polyketide by two distinct secondary metabolite clusters in A spergillus fumigatus (2015)

Filamentous fungi are renowned for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Typically, one distinct metabolite is generated from a specific secondary metabolite cluster. Here, we characterize the newly described trypacidin (tpc) cluster in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We find that this cluster as well as the previously characterized endocrocin (enc) cluster both contribute to the production of the spore metabolite endocrocin. Whereas trypacidin is eliminated when only tpc cluster genes are deleted, endocrocin production is only eliminated when both the tpc and enc non-reducing polyketide synthase-encoding genes, tpcC and encA, respectively, are deleted. EncC, an anthrone oxidase, converts the product released from EncA to endocrocin as a final product. In contrast, endocrocin synthesis by the tpc cluster likely results from incomplete catalysis by TpcK (a putative decarboxylase), as its deletion results in a nearly 10-fold increase in endocrocin production. We suggest endocrocin is likely a shunt product in all related non-reducing polyketide synthase clusters containing homologues of TpcK and TpcL (a putative anthrone oxidase), e.g. geodin and monodictyphenone. This finding represents an unusual example of two physically discrete secondary metabolite clusters generating the same natural product in one fungal species by distinct routes.
Six-Year Incidence and Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Singaporean Indians: The Singapore Indian Eye Study (2018)

We aimed to determine the 6-year incidence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in first and second generations of Singaporean Indians. Baseline examination was conducted in 2007-9 and 6-year propsective follow-up examination of this Indian population in 2013-5. All participants underwent interviews with questionnaires and comprehensive medical and eye examinations. Incidence was age-standardized to Singaporean 2010 census. Risk factors associated with AMD incidence were assessed and compared between first and second generations of immigrants. Among 2200 persons who participated in the follow-up examination (75.5% response rate), gradable fundus photographs were available in 2105. The 6-year age-standardized incidences of early and late AMD were 5.26% and 0.51% respectively. Incident early AMD was associated with cardiovascular disease history (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04-2.45), underweight body mass index (BMI) (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.37-7.14) (BMI of <18.5 vs 18.51-25 kg/m2), heavy alcohol drinking (HR 3.14 95% CI 1.25-7.89) and ARMS2 rs3750847 homozygous genetic loci carrier (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.59-3.99). We found a relatively low incidence of early AMD in this Singaporean Indian population compared to Caucasian populations. Both first and second-generation Indian immigrants have similar incidence and risk factor patterns for early AMD.
High-Performance Aesthetic Bridge Rail and Median Barrier (2009)

Design of high-performance concrete barriers for heavy vehicles has advanced little in recent years. Barrier improvements were needed in terms of design aesthetics, safety performance, and economy. Advancement was deemed necessary for improved barrier geometry design to reduce vehicle instability and the potential for occupant head slap on the barrier, improved understanding of impact loads for heavy vehicles and use of these loads to optimize barriers, and improved barrier aesthetics. This paper describes the development of two NCHRP Report 350 Test Level 5 (TL-5) barriers that address these needed advancements. First, a TL-5 open concrete bridge rail was designed with a focus on determining accurate impact loads and providing a barrier geometry with improved safety and aesthetics. Next, a TL-5 concrete median barrier was developed through rigorous analysis of barrier shape options to determine the safest and most economic shape. Structural design of the barrier was also optimized to minimize cost while meeting the design loads for heavy vehicles. The open concrete bridge rail and the concrete median barrier were successfully full-scale crash-tested according to the TL-5 safety requirements set forth in NCHRP Report 350. These designs represent a major advancement in the safety and economy of high-performance concrete barriers.
Transient- and Steady-State Concentration Profiles in a DIAMEX-like Countercurrent Process for An(III) + Ln(III) Separation (2000)

A new version of the DIAMEX (DIAMide EXtraction) process is reported to separate trivalent Am,Cm (An) and lanthanides (Ln) from a PUREX (Plutonium Uranium Refining by EXtraction by tributyl phosphate) process raffinate at a high aqueous/extractant flow-rate ratio while taking care of prevent third-phase formation. The process has been modeled by a computer program and tested on a 16-stage mixer/settler battery to perform extraction, scrubbing, and stripping to obtain an Am (representing the mixture of Am + Cm) decontamination factor (feed/raffinate) higher than 103 and a Mo + Zr fission product content in the product lower than 1 wt% of that of Am. Transient and steady-state concentration profiles of the solutes have been calculated and experimentally determined, and good agreement was generally observed.
High-Q Photonic Crystal Nanocavities (2007)

Recent progress of high-Q nanocavities is reviewed, where Q-factors more than 2million have been successfully achieved while keeping small modal volume of 1.2(lambda/n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . New design and dynamic tuning of Q-factor of nanocavities are also discussed.
In vivo characterization of connective tissue remodeling using infrared photoacoustic spectra. (2018)

Premature cervical remodeling is a critical precursor of spontaneous preterm birth, and the remodeling process is characterized by an increase in tissue hydration. Nevertheless, current clinical measurements of cervical remodeling are subjective and detect only late events, such as cervical effacement and dilation. Here, we present a photoacoustic endoscope that can quantify tissue hydration by measuring near-infrared cervical spectra. We quantify the water contents of tissue-mimicking hydrogel phantoms as an analog of cervical connective tissue. Applying this method to pregnant women in vivo, we observed an increase in the water content of the cervix throughout pregnancy. The application of this technique in maternal healthcare may advance our understanding of cervical remodeling and provide a sensitive method for predicting preterm birth.
Characterization of bacteriophage P22 tailspike mutant proteins with altered endorhamnosidase and capsid assembly activities (1989)

The tailspike protein of Salmonella typhimurium phage P22 is a multifunctional homotrimer which is involved in the terminal reaction of phage assembly, the adsorption of the phage to susceptible cells, and the hydrolysis of the Salmonella O-antigen during the first steps of phage infection. The proteins made from 15 mutant tailspike structural genes carried on high level expression plasmids have been analyzed with respect to their in vivo stability, quaternary structure, capsid assembly activity, and enzymatic activity. Nine mutants synthesize tailspike proteins which fail to accumulate to any appreciable level in vivo, and thus these proteins are probably degraded. Four other altered proteins accumulate in vivo as soluble monomers. The remaining two altered proteins accumulate in vivo as stable trimers. Each of these two proteins is defective for at least one of the known functions of the tailspike protein. One is defective in the capsid assembly reaction and shows an unusual quaternary structural defect but is normal with respect to the enzymatic hydrolysis of O-antigen. The other is defective in the enzymatic hydrolysis of O-antigen but is normal with respect to its capsid assembly activity and quaternary structure. The known sequence changes which give rise to these altered proteins and those of previously identified mutants allow the description of possible functional and structural "domains" of this multifunctional protein.
Extrinsic stain removal efficacy of a new desensitizing dentifrice containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate and 1450 ppm fluoride. (2010)

All 92 enrolled subjects complied with the protocol and completed the 8-week study. Baseline scores demonstrated no significant differences between the two treatment groups for the evaluated area and intensity parameters of stain (P > 0.05). At both the 4- and 8-week post-use evaluations, subjects brushing with the test dentifrice demonstrated significant reductions for all stain parameters versus the control (P < 0.05). Relative to the control group, the test group demonstrated reductions in mean stain intensity scores of 9.7% and 17.9% at the 4- and 8-week evaluations, respectively. Corresponding reductions in mean stain area scores for the test group relative to the control were 11.7% and 20.8% at the 4- and 8-week evaluations, respectively. (Am JDent 2010;23 Sp Is A:36A-40A).
Segmentation and Shape Extraction of 3D Boundary Meshes (2006)

In this report we present the state of the art on segmentation, or partitioning techniques used on boundary meshes. Recently, these have become a part of many mesh and object manipulation algorithms in computer graphics. We formulation the segmentation problem as an optimization problem and identify two primarily distinct types of mesh segmentation, namely parts segmentation and patch segmentation. We classify previous segmentation solutions according to the different segmentation goals, the optimization criteria and features used, and the various algorithmic techniques employed. We also present generic algorithms for the major techniques of segmentation.
RDE Performance Mapping and Stability Characteristics (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3864.vid Rotating detonation engine performance and stability are known to be coupled phenomena. Prior work has shown that optimal performance occurs with parameters that can trigger instabilities. A previous explorative study has revealed a connection between stability, performance and a parametric ratio between injection and exit areas. Animated simulations and frequency analysis of the detonation shock have suggested the presence of a resonance which created high pressure zones that destabilize the fill zone deflagration. This study expands on the prior work and seeks to further define signatures of instability, the connection to performance and useful parameters of design.
12.8-GHz-bandwidth frequency chirp signal generation with high-extinction-ratio optical modulator by optical frequency doubling technique (2010)

We successfully demonstrated ultra-wideband frequency chirp signal generation using the DSB-SC modulation technique with pulse duration of 0.5 μs. A high extinction ratio optical modulator helps realize clear signals with no filters.
THE HOTELLING TRACE CRITERION USED FOR SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION AND FEATURE ENHANCEMENT IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (PATTERN RECOGNITION). (1987)

The Hotelling trace criterion (HTC) is a measure of class separability used in pattern recognition to find a set of linear features that optimally separate two classes of objects. In this dissertation we use the HTC not as a figure of merit for features, but as a figure of merit for characterizing imaging systems and designing filters for feature enhancement in nuclear medicine. If the HTC is to be used to optimize systems, then it must correlate with human observer performance. In our first study, a set of images, created by overlapping ellipses, was used to simulate images of livers. Two classes were created, livers with and without tumors, with noise and blur added to each image to simulate nine different imaging systems. Using the ROC parameter dₐ as our measure, we found that the HTC has a correlation of 0.988 with the ability of humans to separate these two classes of objects. A second study was performed to demonstrate the use of the HTC for system optimization in a realistic task. For this study we used a mathematical model of normal and diseased livers and of the imaging system to generate a realistic set of liver images from nuclear medicine. A method of adaptive, nonlinear filtering which enhances the features that separate two sets of images has also been developed. The method uses the HTC to find the optimal linear feature operator for the Fourier moduli of the images, and uses this operator as a filter so that the features that separate the two classes of objects are enhanced. We demonstrate the use of this filtering method to enhance texture features in simulated liver images from nuclear medicine, after using a training set of images to obtain the filter. We also demonstrate how this method of filtering can be used to reconstruct an object from a single photon-starved image of it, when the object contains a repetitive feature. When power spectrums for real liver scans from nuclear medicine are calculated, we find that the three classifications that a physician uses, normal, patchy, and focal, can be described by the fractal dimension of the texture in the liver. This fractal dimension can be calculated even for images that suffer from much noise and blur. Given a simulated image of a liver that has been blurred and imaged with only 5000 photons, a texture with the same fractal dimension as the liver can be reconstructed.
Vertical metal–dielectric–semiconductor diode on (001) β-Ga2O3 with high-κ TiO2 interlayer exhibiting reduced turn-on voltage and leakage current and improved breakdown (2023)

Abstract We demonstrate vertical Pt/TiO 2 / β -Ga 2 O 3 metal–dielectric–semiconductor (MDS) diodes and compare performance with co-fabricated Pt/ β -Ga 2 O 3 Schottky diodes (SBDs). The MDS diode exhibits a lower turn-on voltage and leakage current. In addition, the breakdown voltage increased from 548 V for an SBD to 1380 V for a MDS diode. The improvement in the off-state characteristics compared to a SBD while simultaneously reducing on-state losses leads to lower power dissipation at all duty cycles, indicating the great promise of this device architecture for advancing low-loss β -Ga 2 O 3 rectifiers toward material limits.
Enzyme synthesis and activity assay in microfluidic droplets on a chip (2011)

Abstract There is growing demand for high‐throughput measurement of biochemical reactions in drug discovery and directed evolution programs. To meet this need, a powerful platform based on droplet‐based bioreactors manipulated by microfluidic systems is being developed, which can overcome the limitations of scale and power encountered in conventional screening methods. This paper reports our progress in the synthesis of enzymes and assay of their activity within a microfluidic droplet system. The model system we use involves the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme OpdA from Agrobacterium radiobacter and a robust microchip made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Synthesis of OpdA from cognate DNA within water‐in‐oil droplets was tested using both in‐house and commercial in vitro transcription and translation (IVTT) kits. OpdA activity was measured using coumaphos as substrate and by monitoring the fluorescence released by its product, chlorferone. OpdA was demonstrated to be synthesized and assayed within the droplets using the commercial in vitro transcription and translation kit, although the activity measured within the droplets diminished over time, apparently due to leakage of chlorferone out of the droplets.