gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Customized simulation interface for packaged gas warehouse design (2004)

The objective of this paper is to present the prototype of a software package embedding a simulation tool, customized for optimizing the facility layout of packaged gas warehouses. In those warehouses, empty packages are filled with different kinds of gases. To accelerate the filling process, pallets of similar packages are prepared in so-called sorting areas, while assorted pallets of filled ones are composed to fulfil the clients' needs. The main challenge for the authors' industrial partner is to be able to answer its customers' demands in less than 24 hours, while reducing the production costs. These costs have several sources: the numbers of packages within the system, creating stocks but also occupying significant space, the layout of the different areas and their interactions (internal transport, buffers, etc). Simulation has proven to be an efficient tool to help the designer to study the problems related to interactions between process and space. The philosophy of the prototype, called "depot layout editor", is to focus on the description of the architecture of the ware-house, while the simulation itself is left to a commercial package, AUTOMOD/spl trade/. Once the warehouse (or part of it) has been described, the software generates the simulation code, which can then be run within the AUTOMOD/spl trade/ environment. One of the advantages of using an external simulation kernel is that it provides extensive statistical analysis tools to evaluate the performance of a given design. The main feature of the approach is to be able to quickly test several architectures and organizations in order to find the one that best suits each warehouse constraints: geometry of the building, availability of stocks, customers' daily orders, etc. This paper will present the several aspects of the simulation preparation (products, process and layout definition), as well as the results obtained on several ware-house simulations studied for validation.
A 0.4–3-GHz nested bandpass filter and a 1.1–1.7-GHz balun bandpass filter using tunable band-switching technique (2017)

This paper presents a second-order tunable single-ended (unbalanced) bandpass filter (BPF) with continuous 0.4–3-GHz coverage and a tunable balun BPF with continuous 1.1–1.7-GHz coverage for software-defined radio transceivers with the use of band-switchable and radio frequency (RF)-micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-tuned resonators. The BPFs are realized with two pairs of RF switches for coarse-tuning and RF-MEMS-tunable capacitors for fine-tuning. On the one hand, for the tunable single-ended BPF, a transition between three bands is enabled using two pairs of RF switches. On the other hand, for the tunable balun BPF, a transition between two bands is enabled using one pair of RF switches. Furthermore, the three-band switchable single-ended BPF is constructed in a nested two-filter bank structure for expanding the tuning range without increasing the footprint. In addition, to complement the discrete band gaps, RF-MEMS capacitor-tuned resonators are used, and a continuous tuning range of nearly the entire ultra-high-frequency band is achieved. The filter bank is fabricated on a Duroid substrate with ε r = 3.5 and h = 0.787 mm. The filter bank has an insertion loss of 3.2–6.8 dB and a 1-dB bandwidth of 65–450 MHz with a continuous tuning range of 0.4–3 GHz.
Plasma adiponectin and mortality in critically ill subjects with acute respiratory failure* (2010)

: Independent of measured covariates, increased plasma adiponectin levels measured within 48 hrs of respiratory failure are associated with mortality. This finding suggests that factors derived from adipose tissue play a role in modulating the response to critical illness.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Bo, Sierra Leone, 2012–2013 (2018)

A total of 860 febrile individuals ages 5 years and older were tested by MHRL between July 2012 and June 2013 with a Standard Diagnostics Bioline HBsAg rapid diagnostic test. The overall HBsAg prevalence rate was 13.7%, including a rate of 15.5% among males and 12.6% among females. The HBsAg rate did not differ by child or adult age group (p > 0.5). The prevalence rate in Bo was similar to the 11-15% HBsAg prevalence rates reported in the past decade from other studies across West Africa. Scaling up the infant hepatitis B vaccination program in Sierra Leone will be important for reducing the future burden of disease and premature death attributable to chronic viral hepatitis B disease.
Length Distribution of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspension Measured by Electrospray Differential Mobility Analysis (2009)

The first characterization of the length distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) dispersed in a liquid by electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) is presented. Although an understanding of geometric properties of SWCNTs, including length, diameter, aspect ratio, and chirality, is essential for commercial applications, rapid characterization of nanotube length distributions remains challenging. Here the use of ES-DMA to obtain length distributions of DNA-wrapped SWCNTs dispersed in aqueous solutions is demonstrated. Lengths measured by ES-DMA compare favorably with those obtained from multiangle light scattering, dynamic light scattering, field flow fractionation with UV/vis detection, and atomic force microscopy, validating ES-DMA as a technique to measure SWCNTs of <250 nm in length. The nanotubes are previously purified and dispersed by wrapping with oligomeric DNA in aqueous solution and centrifuging to remove bundles and amorphous carbon. These dispersions are particularly attractive due to their amenability to bulk processing, ease of storage, high concentration, compatibility with biological and high-throughput manufacturing environments, and for their potential applications ranging from electronics and hydrogen-storage vessels to anticancer agents.
The estrogen receptor α-selective agonist propyl pyrazole triol improves glucose tolerance in ob/ob mice; potential molecular mechanisms (2008)

The authors and journal apologise for an error in the above paper, which appeared in volume 199 part 2, pages 275–286. The error relates to Fig. 10, given on page 283.
A Biomimetic, 4.5 $\mu$W, 120+ dB, Log-Domain Cochlea Channel With AGC (2009)

This paper deals with the design and performance evaluation of a new analog CMOS cochlea channel of increased biorealism. The design implements a recently proposed transfer function, namely the One-Zero Gammatone filter (or OZGF), which provides a robust foundation for modeling a variety of auditory data such as realistic passband asymmetry, linear low-frequency tail and level-dependent gain. Moreover, the OZGF is attractive because it can be implemented efficiently in any technological medium-analog or digital-using standard building blocks. The channel was synthesized using novel, low-power, class-AB, log-domain, biquadratic filters employing MOS transistors operating in their weak inversion regime. Furthermore, the paper details the design of a new low-power automatic gain control circuit that adapts the gain of the channel according to the input signal strength, thereby extending significantly its input dynamic range. We evaluate the performance of a fourth-order OZGF channel (equivalent to an 8th-order cascaded filter structure) through both detailed simulations and measurements from a fabricated chip using the commercially available 0.35 mum AMS CMOS process. The whole system is tuned at 3 kHz, dissipates a mere 4.46 muW of static power, accommodates 124 dB (at < 5% THD) of input dynamic range at the center frequency and is set to provide up to 70 dB of amplification for small signals.
Laboratoire de Chimie de la matière condensée / Chimie des matériaux hybrides (2011)

Les matériaux ont joué un rôle fondamental dans l’histoire de l’humanité. Après l’âge de la pierre, du bronze et du fer, nous sommes aujourd’hui à l’âge du silicium dont la maîtrise a permis le développement de l’électronique, de l’informatique et des nanotechnologies. L’élaboration de ces nanomatériaux nécessite le plus souvent des températures élevées et des techniques sophistiquées. Pourtant l’observation de la nature nous montre que le vivant a su créer, dans des conditions de chimie douc...
[Cell therapy for aseptic necrosis of femoral head]. (2011)

As the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), we have engaged in the development of cell transplantation therapy for aseptic necrosis of femoral head. Based on the results obtained by in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments, we established the protocol for the clinical trial combining MSC with vascularized bone grafts. The protocol was approved by IRB on November 25, 2007, and the first case was operated on February 22, 2008. Since then 10 cases have been successfully treated and were followed at least 24 months with satisfactory results.
Barriers and Chemistry in a Bottle: Mechanisms in Today’s Oxygen Barriers for Tomorrow’s Materials (2017)

The stability of many organic compounds is challenged by oxidation reactions with molecular oxygen from the air in accordance with thermodynamics. Whereas glass or metal containers may protect such products, these packaging types also offer severe disadvantages over plastics. Large-scale packaging, especially for food and beverage industries, has shifted towards polymeric materials with passive and active oxygen barrier technologies over the last decades. Even though patent literature is flooded with innovative barrier systems, the mechanisms behind them are rarely reported. In a world where packaging requirements regarding recyclability and safety are continuously getting stricter, accompanied by the appearance of emerging applications for plastic oxygen barriers (such as organic semi-conductors), research towards new materials seems inevitable. To this cause, proper in-depth knowledge of the existing solutions is a prerequisite. This review therefore attempts to go deep into the problems at hand and explain the chemistry behind the existing solution strategies and finally discusses perspectives suggesting new applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cells.
DBD plasma source operated in single-filamentary mode for therapeutic use in dermatology (2009)

Our dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma source for bio-medical application comprises a copper electrode covered with ceramic. Objects of high capacitance such as the human body can be used as the opposite electrode. In this study, the DBD source is operated in single-filamentary mode using an aluminium spike as the opposite electrode, to imitate the conditions when the discharge is ignited on a raised point, such as hair, during therapeutic use on the human body. The single-filamentary discharge thus obtained is characterized using optical emission spectroscopy, numerical simulation, voltage–current measurements and microphotography. For characterization of the discharge, averaged plasma parameters such as electron distribution function and electron density are determined. Fluxes of nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O3) and photons reaching the treated surface are simulated. The calculated fluxes are finally compared with corresponding fluxes used in different bio-medical applications.
Pneumococcal Colonization and Otitis Media: Streptococcus salivarius as a Probiotic Inhibitor (2014)

Objectives: Nasopharyngeal colonization is the initial step in pathogenesis of pneumococcal diseases, including otitis media. Previous studies suggested that Streptococcus salivarius , a commercial probiotic, could be a potential pharyngeal probiotic. We investigated the effects of S salivarius on pneumococcal colonization and otitis media by in vitro and in vivo models of infection and colonization pattern of S salivarius by pilot study. Methods: Descriptive study conducted at Melbourne University and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne from 2011 to 2013. High, medium, or low numbers of S salivarius were added before, with, or after pneumococcal administration to human epithelial (CCL‐23) cells in vitro. The percent colonization of pneumococci was determined after 3 hours of incubation. In experiments using infant mice, repeated pernasal administration of S salivarius (~107 CFU/dose) was used as an intervention in pneumococcal colonization model and otitis media. Colonization of upper respiratory tract of healthy adults after one week of probiotic consumption was determined. Results: There was time‐dependent and dose‐dependent inhibition of pneumococcal adherence to CCL‐23 cells by S salivarius . However, S salivarius colonized the nasopharynx of mice poorly, and did not alter pneumococcal colonization levels or the development of otitis media in vivo. Oral administration of S salivarius in humans increased the colonization levels in the throat. Conclusions: Our data indicated that S salivarius can inhibit pneumococcal colonization in vitro, but not in infant mice. Colonization levels in throat increased after oral administration. Further well‐designed human trials are warranted to evaluate S salivarius as a potential probiotic to reduce otitis media.
Accurate modeling and simulation of seepage in 3D heterogeneous fractured porous media with complex structures (2022)

The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in numerical simulation for flow in fractured porous media. To date, most studies have focused on 2D or pseudo-3D computational models, where the impact of 3D complex structures on seepage has not been fully addressed. This work presents a method for modeling seepage in 3D heterogeneous porous media. The complex structures, typically the stochastic discrete fractures and inclusions, are able to be simulated. A mesh strategy is proposed to discretize the complex domain. In particular, a treatment on the intersected elements is developed to ensure a conforming mesh. Then, numerical discretization is provided, in which the flux interactions of fractures, inclusions and surrounding rock matrix are included. Numerical tests are performed to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of 3D fractured media. First, the developed framework is validated by comparing numerical solutions with the results of embedded discrete fracture model. Next, the effects of orientation, aperture and radius of fractures on fluid flow and equivalent permeability tensor are analyzed. The variations of pressure distribution are studied in heterogeneous and homogeneous media. Finally, the hydraulic properties of a medium with complex structures are investigated to show the difference of hydraulic feature between fractures and inclusions.
Low‐dose aspirin can reduce colorectal cancer mortality after surgery: A 10‐year follow‐up of 13 528 colorectal cancer patients (2018)

Irrespective of aspirin use before surgery for CRC, low-dose aspirin after surgery lowers risk of both CRC-related mortality and overall mortality.
Genome Plasticity of Influenza Viruses (2014)

This chapter on genome plasticity of influenza viruses discusses the current knowledge of viral factors. Influenza viruses have caused devastating pandemics and epidemics in the past, and they continue to be a major health problem causing a huge economic burden worldwide. Thus, it is important to understand the characteristics of influenza viruses and to elucidate the extensive interplay between virus and host. Besides the eight structural proteins, influenza A virus encodes the three nonstructural proteins NS1, NEP, and PB1-F2. Influenza viruses pose a major problem for human health and thereby cause a substantial economic burden. The influenza pandemics which occurred in the past century share the fact that new subtypes of influenza A viruses were introduced into the human population. There are two classes of US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs against influenza: inhibitors of the ion channel M2 and NA inhibitors. The first group comprises the adamantanes, rimantadine and amantadine, which act by inhibiting the viral ion channel M2 and thereby block the step of uncoating during virus entry. It becomes clear that circulating influenza viruses need to be closely monitored for resistance to the available drugs. Within the same host species genetic polymorphisms may occur and influence the ability of the virus to use the host proteins. For influenza viruses to survive, they need to be transmitted from host to host. The development of reverse genetics techniques has greatly advanced understanding of the virus and its replication cycle.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the liver: Comparison of navigator triggered and breathhold acquisitions (2009)

The use of a navigator echo to trigger SS EPI DWI improves image quality and liver to lesion contrast, and enables a more precise ADC quantification compared with BH DWI acquisition.
Carbon Nanotube Web with Carboxylated Polythiophene “Assist” for High-Performance Battery Electrodes (2018)

A carbon nanotube (CNT) web electrode comprising magnetite spheres and few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) linked by the carboxylated conjugated polymer, poly[3-(potassium-4-butanoate) thiophene] (PPBT), was designed to demonstrate benefits derived from the rational consideration of electron/ion transport coupled with the surface chemistry of the electrode materials components. To maximize transport properties, the approach introduces monodispersed spherical Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (sFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) for uniform Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion and a FWNT web electrode frame that affords characteristics of long-ranged electronic pathways and porous networks. The sFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles were used as a model high-capacity energy active material, owing to their well-defined chemistry with surface hydroxyl (-OH) functionalities that provide for facile detection of molecular interactions. PPBT, having a π-conjugated backbone and alkyl side chains substituted with carboxylate moieties, interacted with the FWNT π-electron-rich and hydroxylated sFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> surfaces, which enabled the formation of effective electrical bridges between the respective components, contributing to efficient electron transport and electrode stability. To further induce interactions between PPBT and the metal hydroxide surface, polyethylene glycol was coated onto the sFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles, allowing for facile materials dispersion and connectivity. Additionally, the introduction of carbon particles into the web electrode minimized sFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> aggregation and afforded more porous FWNT networks. As a consequence, the design of composite electrodes with rigorous consideration of specific molecular interactions induced by the surface chemistries favorably influenced electrochemical kinetics and electrode resistance, which afforded high-performance electrodes for battery applications.
220403 Imaging and manipulation of copper surface in liquids by AFM (2011)

We used the atomic force microscope (AFM) technique to study fundamentals of Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) as a polishing and monitoring apparatus. The AFM tip that spattered to mimic a single abrasive silica particle was used to evaluate the polishing rate in aqueous solutions. During the AFM scanning, such a spattered silica tip removed smoothly the organometallic complex layer of the copper surface formed in aqueous solutions and adsorbed the organometallic complex of the copper. The dynamic imaging method suggests a model for the copper CMP, in which the removal rate of the copper surface in the controlled oxidation process in BTA and Succinic solutions is faster than the process in Benzotriazole (BTA) solution only. The removal rate depends the thickness of the copper oxidation layer under the organometallic complex of the copper.
Ho-nanoparticle-doping for improved high-energy laser fibers (2017)

A significant issue for holmium-doped fiber lasers (HoDFLs) operating near 2 &mu;m is multiphonon quenching due to the high phonon energy ~1100 cm<sup>-1</sup> of the silica host, which complicates power scaling due to reduced lifetimes and increased heating. Nanoparticle (NP) doping is a new technique where the structure surrounding the Ho ions is developed chemically prior to doping into the silica core. We have incorporated Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions into various NPs, such as LaF<sub>3</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, to shield them from the silica glass matrix. Results indicate slightly longer lifetimes with Ho:LaF<sub>3</sub> NPs and the possibility of further improvement with oxide NPs. We report the first of lasing in a Ho:Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NP-doped fiber pumped at 1.95 &mu;m and operating at 2.09 &mu;m with a record slope efficiency of 85.2%.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of an ent‐Trichothecene. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Registry data analysis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on systemic chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection patients in Japan (2022)

Abstract The effects of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) on systemic chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection (sCAEBV) are yet to be analyzed in a large number of patients. Using the Japanese registry database, Transplant Registry Unification Management Program, we investigated the outcomes of 102 sCAEBV patients who underwent allo‐HSCT. The median age at HSCT was 21 years, and the three‐year overall survival (3‐year OS) rate was 72.5%. Of the 90 patients whose viral load after allo‐HSCT was evaluated, 56 (62.2%) achieved a virological complete response, defined by the complete resolution of disease activity with a significant decrease in EBV‐DNA in peripheral blood. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model indicated that advanced age, in adolescents and young adults (AYA) (age, 15–39) and adults (age, ≥40 years) was a risk factor of poor OS. The hazard ratios (HRs) of the AYA and adult groups were 10.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–59.56, p = .006) and 15.93 (95% CI: 2.45–103.8, p = .004), respectively. Disease activity (HR 5.74), elevated soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) (≥ median, 691 U/mL) at HSCT (HR 6.93), and conditioning without radiotherapy (HR 3.53) were also independently associated with poor survival. Notably, 79% of radiotherapy doses were less than 6 Gy. Regardless of the presence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, the group with a high sIL‐2R level (≥2000 U/mL) showed a poorer prognosis. Although allo‐HSCT is the only curative therapy for sCAEBV, treatment strategies need to be improved for high‐risk patients, especially those with high levels of sIL‐2R.