gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SensEye (2005)

This paper argues that a camera sensor network containing heterogeneous elements provides numerous benefits over traditional homogeneous sensor networks. We present the design and implementation of senseye---a multi-tier network of heterogeneous wireless nodes and cameras. To demonstrate its benefits, we implement a surveillance application using senseye comprising three tasks: object detection, recognition and tracking. We propose novel mechanisms for low-power low-latency detection, low-latency wakeups, efficient recognition and tracking. Our techniques show that a multi-tier sensor network can reconcile the traditionally conflicting systems goals of latency and energy-efficiency. An experimental evaluation of our prototype shows that, when compared to a single-tier prototype, our multi-tier senseye can achieve an order of magnitude reduction in energy usage while providing comparable surveillance accuracy.
Automated Solid-Phase Protein Modification with Integrated Enzymatic Digest for Reaction Validation: Application of a Compartmented Microfluidic Reactor for Rapid Optimization and Analysis of Protein Biotinylation (2017)

Protein modification by covalent coupling of small ligands or markers is an important prerequisite for the use of proteins in many applications. Well-known examples are the use of proteins with fluorescent markers in many <i>in vivo</i> experiments or the binding of biotinylated antibodies <i>via</i> biotin-streptavidin coupling in the frame of numerous bioassays. Multiple protocols were established for the coupling of the respective molecules, e.g., <i>via</i> the C and N-terminus, or <i>via</i> cysteines and lysines exposed at the protein surface. Still, in most cases the conditions of these standard protocols are only an initial guess. Optimization of the coupling parameters like reagent concentrations, pH, or temperature may strongly increase coupling yield and the biological activity of the modified protein. In order to facilitate the process of optimizing coupling conditions, a method was developed which uses a compartmented microfluidic reactor for the rapid screening of different coupling conditions. In addition, the system allows for the integration of an enzymatic digest of the modified protein directly after modification. In combination with a subsequent MALDI-TOF analysis of the resulting fragments, this gives a fast and detailed picture not only of the number and extent of the generated modifications but also of their position within the protein sequence. The described process was demonstrated for biotinylation of green fluorescent protein. Different biotin-excesses and different pH-values were tested in order to elucidate the influence on the modification extent and pattern. In addition, the results of solid-phase based modifications within the microfluidic reactor were compared to modification patterns resulting from coupling trials with unbound protein. As expected, modification patterns of immobilized proteins showed clear differences to the ones of dissolved proteins.
Performance and reliability characteristics of the band edge high-k/metal gate nMOSFETs with La-doped Hf-silicate gate dielectrics (2008)

La-doped HfSiO samples showed lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gate</sub> , which was attributed to the dipole formation at the high-k/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface. With increasing SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> content, significant mobility degradation was observed, most likely due to additional La- related charges in the interfacial layer. La-doped devices demonstrate better immunity in the PBTI test and low charge trapping efficiency compared to the control HfSiO.
Modular Type III Porous Liquids based on Porous Organic Cage Microparticles (2021)

The dispersion of particulate porous solids in size-excluded liquids has emerged as a method to create Type III porous liquids, mostly using insoluble microporous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolites. Here, we present the first examples of Type III porous liquids based on porous organic cages (POCs). By exploiting the solution processability of the POCs, racemic and quasiracemic cage microparticles were formed by chiral recognition. Dispersion of these porous microparticles in a range of size-excluded liquids, including oils and ionic liquids, formed stable POC-based Type III porous liquids. The flexible pairing between the solid POC particles and a carrier liquid allows the formation of a range of compositions, pore sizes, and other physicochemical properties to suit different applications and operating conditions. For example, we show that it is possible to produce porous liquids with relatively low viscosities (7-14 mpa∙s) or high thermal stability (325 °C). A 12.5 wt. % Type III porous liquid comprising racemic POC microparticles and an ionic liquid, [BPy][NTf2], shows a CO2 working capacity (104.30 μmol/gL) that is significantly higher than the neat ionic liquid (37.27 μmol/gL) between 25 °C and 100 °C. This liquid is colloidally stable and can be recycled at least 10 times without loss of CO2 capacity.
A52 GUT-INNERVATING TRPV1+ NEURONS DRIVE CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN VIA MICROGLIAL P2Y12 RECEPTOR (2022)

Abstract Background Long-lasting changes in neural pain circuits precipitate the transition from acute to chronic pain in patients living with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). While significant improvement in IBD therapy has been made to reduce inflammation, a large subset of patients continues to suffer throughout quiescent phases of the disease. Peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain during active disease and clinical remission. Lower mechanical threshold and hyperexcitability of visceral afferents induce gliosis in central pain circuits, leading to persistent visceral hypersensitivity (VHS). In the spinal cord, microglia, the immune sentinels of the central nervous system, undergo activation in multiple models of VHS. Using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) model of colitis, we found that microglial G-CSF was able to sensitize colonic nociceptors that express the pain receptor TRPV1. While TRPV1+ nociceptors have been implicated in peripheral sensitization, their contribution to central sensitization via microglia remains unknown. Aims Here we investigated the mechanisms of microglia activation to identify centrally acting analgesics for chronic IBD pain. Methods Using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) expressed in TRPV1-expressing visceral neurons that sense colonic inflammation, we tested whether neuronal activity was indispensable to control microglia activation and VHS. We then investigated the neuron-microglia signaling system involved in visceral pain chronification. Results We found that chemogenetic inhibition of TRPV1+ visceral afferents prevents microglial activation in the spinal cord and subsequent VHS in colitis mice. In contrast, chemogenetic activation, in the absence of colitis, enhanced microglial activation associated with VHS. We identified a purinergic signaling mechanism mediated by neuronal ATP and microglial P2RY12 receptor, triggering VHS in colitis. Inhibition of P2RY12 prevented microglial reactivity and chronic VHS post-colitis. Conclusions Overall, these data provide novel insights into the central mechanisms of chronic visceral pain and suggest that targeting microglial P2RY12 signaling could be harnessed to relieve pain in IBD patients who are in remission. Funding Agencies CCC
Self-healing (2008)

Most attacks on computing systems occur rapidly enough to frustrate manual defense or repair. It appears, therefore, that defense systems must include some degree of autonomy. Recent advances have led to an emerging interest in self-healing software as a solution to this problem. It is not clear, however, if the effort to create self-healing mechanisms is actually worth the cost in terms of development effort, deployment complexity, or runtime supervision and monitoring. Furthermore, no general purpose self-healing mechanisms have been shown to be achievable for general systems; it is hard to know beforehand exactly what an application should do in response to an arbitrary vulnerability. A number of very hard problems remain for researchers to explore before self-healing can be reliably applied to real computing systems. This paper provides a critique of the current state of the art and offers the position that self-healing as a concept should be relegated to the status of autonomic computing: a goal worth aiming for as a way to push the boundary of the possible rather than an achievable end in itself. Along the way, we identify a number of important but unsolved research problems in this space.
Modified IQML and a statistically efficient method for direction estimation without eigendecomposition (2002)

This paper deals with direction estimation of signals impinging on a uniform linear sensor array. A well known algorithm for this problem is iterative quadratic maximum likelihood (IQML). Unfortunately, the IQML estimates are in general biased, especially in noisy scenarios. We propose a modification of IQML (MIQML) that gives consistent estimates at approximately the same computational cost. In addition, an algorithm with an estimation error covariance which is asymptotically identical to the asymptotic Cramer-Rao lower bound is presented. The optimal algorithm resembles weighted subspace fitting or MODE, but achieves optimal performance without having to compute an eigendecomposition of the sample covariance matrix.
Fumarate is a terminal electron acceptor in the mammalian electron transport chain (2021)

For electrons to continuously enter and flow through the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), they must ultimately land on a terminal electron acceptor (TEA), which is known to be oxygen in mammals. Paradoxically, we find that complex I and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) can still deposit electrons into the ETC when oxygen reduction is impeded. Cells lacking oxygen reduction accumulate ubiquinol, driving the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex in reverse to enable electron deposition onto fumarate. Upon inhibition of oxygen reduction, fumarate reduction sustains DHODH and complex I activities. Mouse tissues display varying capacities to use fumarate as a TEA, most of which net reverse the SDH complex under hypoxia. Thus, we delineate a circuit of electron flow in the mammalian ETC that maintains mitochondrial functions under oxygen limitation.
Cell contact guidance via sensing anisotropy of network mechanical resistance (2021)

Despite the ubiquitous importance of cell contact guidance, the signal-inducing contact guidance of mammalian cells in an aligned fibril network has defied elucidation. This is due to multiple interdependent signals that an aligned fibril network presents to cells, including, at least, anisotropy of adhesion, porosity, and mechanical resistance. By forming aligned fibrin gels with the same alignment strength, but cross-linked to different extents, the anisotropic mechanical resistance hypothesis of contact guidance was tested for human dermal fibroblasts. The cross-linking was shown to increase the mechanical resistance anisotropy, without detectable change in network microstructure and without change in cell adhesion to the cross-linked fibrin gel. This methodology thus isolated anisotropic mechanical resistance as a variable for fixed anisotropy of adhesion and porosity. The mechanical resistance anisotropy |<i>Y</i>*| <sup><i>-1</i></sup> - |<i>X</i>*| <sup><i>-1</i></sup> increased over fourfold in terms of the Fourier magnitudes of microbead displacement |<i>X</i>*| and |<i>Y</i>*| at the drive frequency with respect to alignment direction <i>Y</i> obtained by optical forces in active microrheology. Cells were found to exhibit stronger contact guidance in the cross-linked gels possessing greater mechanical resistance anisotropy: the cell anisotropy index based on the tensor of cell orientation, which has a range 0 to 1, increased by 18% with the fourfold increase in mechanical resistance anisotropy. We also show that modulation of adhesion via function-blocking antibodies can modulate the guidance response, suggesting a concomitant role of cell adhesion. These results indicate that fibroblasts can exhibit contact guidance in aligned fibril networks by sensing anisotropy of network mechanical resistance.
Coding for Combined Block–Symbol Error Correction (2014)

We design low-complexity error correction coding schemes for channels that introduce different types of errors and erasures: on the one hand, the proposed schemes can successfully deal with symbol errors and erasures, and, on the other hand, they can also successfully handle phased burst errors and erasures.
Utilization of agricultural biomass in the production of the biopolymer schizophyllan (2012)

Schizophyllan is a homoglucan produced by the fungus Schizophyllum commune, with a β-1,3-linked backbone and β-1,6-linked side chains of single glucose units at every other residue. Schizophyllan is commercially produced for pharmaceutical and cosmetics uses. However, the unique physical properties of schizophyllan suggest that it may have biomaterials applications. Schizophyllan is conventionally produced by submerged culture fermentation using glucose as a carbon source. This study demonstrates for the first time the efficient utilization of agricultural biomass substrates, particularly distiller's dried grains with solubles, for schizophyllan production. Sugar composition analysis, NMR, and permethylation linkage analysis confirmed that the recovered product was schizophyllan. Schizophyllan produced from agricultural residues was of a high molecular weight and exhibited solution viscosity properties similar to those of commercially produced material. Utilization of biomass substrates could reduce the cost of schizophyllan production and provide a new value-added bioproduct for integrated biorefineries of the future.
Silicon-Chip Femtosecond Source (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Saha, Y. Okawachi, B. Shim, J. S. Levy, M. A. Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Silicon-Chip Femtosecond Source," in Advanced Photonics Congress, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper NM3C.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Interleukin-6 contributes to early fasting-induced free fatty acid mobilization in mice (2014)

Contracting muscle releases interleukin-6 (IL-6) enabling the metabolic switch from carbohydrate to fat utilization. Similarly, metabolism is switched during transition from fed to fasting state. Herein, we examined a putative role for IL-6 in the metabolic adaptation to normal fasting. In lean C57BL/6J mice, 6 h of food withdrawal increased gene transcription levels of IL-6 in skeletal muscle but not in white adipose tissue. Concomitantly, circulating IL-6 and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were significantly increased, whereas respiratory quotient (RQ) was reduced in 6-h fasted mice. In white adipose tissue, phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was increased on fasting, indicating increased lipolysis. Intriguingly, fasting-induced increase in circulating IL-6 levels and parallel rise in FFA concentration were absent in obese and glucose-intolerant mice. A causative role for IL-6 in the physiological adaptation to fasting was further supported by the fact that fasting-induced increase in circulating FFA levels was significantly blunted in lean IL-6 knockout (KO) and lean C57BL/6J mice treated with neutralizing IL-6 antibody. Consistently, phosphorylation of HSL was significantly reduced in adipose tissue of IL-6-depleted mice. Hence, our findings suggest a novel role for IL-6 in energy supply during early fasting.
Multi-objective abstract data type refinement for mapping tables in telecom network applications (2002)

We present a new multi-objective exploration method at the system level to select customized implementations for mapping tables, dynamically allocated, as encountered in telecom network, database, and multimedia applications. Our method fits in the context of embedded system synthesis for such applications, and it enables the optimization of the system-level memory management of these applications. To this end it mainly aims at trading off the average memory footprint, number of memory accesses, and memory power. Compared with existing methods, for large mapping tables, 90% (resp. 80%) of the average memory footprint (resp. power) can be saved, without decreasing the performance.
Gene transfer to schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury: A delivery system for therapeutic agents (1998)

We transferred a reporter gene to Schwann cells to test whether they might serve as an endoneurial delivery system for therapeutic proteins. A replication-defective adenoviral vector carrying the gene for beta-galactosidase (lacZ) was injected into the distal segment of intact or crushed sciatic nerves of adult rats, and the expression of lacZ was histochemically assessed. Less than 1% of the Schwann cells became reactive in intact nerves, but up to 18% of the proliferating Schwann cells of injured nerves expressed lacZ. Gene expression decayed with time but might persist for up to 2 months. It was enhanced by immunosuppression: daily cyclosporin A injections reduced both proliferation of Schwann cells and lymphocytic infiltration of the nerve, whereas tolerance induced by a single intrathymic injection of the vector 4 days after birth abolished the inflammatory response but not the proliferation of Schwann cells. The vector itself did not impede axonal regeneration. The results indicate that adenoviral gene transfer to Schwann cells in injured nerves is possible and suggest that induced production of neurotrophic factor may represent a therapeutic supplement to surgical nerve repair.
Thermal Analysis of xFD DRAM Packages Through Simulation and Experimental Validation (2013)

The design optimization for thermal management of systems relies heavily on accurate thermal models of the individual components. Invensas is developing new packaging concepts that provide enhanced and reliable performance electrically, thermally and mechanically. These development efforts use predictive finite element analysis to drive the optimization of package design for improved thermo-mechanical strain and thermal management. Therefore, it is important to validate such models through rigorous experimental thermal measurements. This work represents the 2nd half of our effort in the area of multi-die face-down stack thermal analysis. As was presented last year for the dual die face-down stack analysis, we will present details of our quad die face-down package design, assembly and the thermal test protocols. We will outline our methodologies for measuring thermal performance and achieving tight tolerances in the experimental apparatus as well as guidelines for making appropriate assumptions for associated simulations. We examined JEDEC standard test conditions for natural convection and forced air flow at various air velocities. Comparing values obtained from experimental measurements with simulation data showed results that were within 10% margin in many cases. We will discuss in detail the important calibration protocol and considerations required in the experimental test area for enhanced precision.
Disruption of structural and functional networks in long-standing multiple sclerosis (2014)

Both gray matter atrophy and disruption of functional networks are important predictors for physical disability and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet their relationship is poorly understood. Graph theory provides a modality invariant framework to analyze patterns of gray matter morphology and functional coactivation. We investigated, how gray matter and functional networks were affected within the same MS sample and examined their interrelationship. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography (MEG) were performed in 102 MS patients and 42 healthy controls. Gray matter networks were computed at the group-level based on cortical thickness correlations between 78 regions across subjects. MEG functional networks were computed at the subject level based on the phase-lag index between time-series of regions in source-space. In MS patients, we found a more regular network organization for structural covariance networks and for functional networks in the theta band, whereas we found a more random network organization for functional networks in the alpha2 band. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between covariation in thickness and functional connectivity in especially the theta band in MS patients, and these results could not be explained by simple regional gray matter thickness measurements. This study is a first multimodal graph analysis in a sample of MS patients, and our results suggest that a disruption of gray matter network topology is important to understand alterations in functional connectivity in MS as regional gray matter fails to take into account the inherent connectivity structure of the brain.
Andrographolide mitigates cardiac apoptosis to provide cardio‐protection in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice (2020)

Excessive intake of high fat diet (HFD) and associated obese conditions are critical contributors of cardiac diseases. In this study, an active metabolite andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata was found to ameliorate HFD-induced cardiac apoptosis. C57/BL6 mouse were grouped as control (n = 9), obese (n = 8), low dose (25 mg/kg/d) andrographolide treatment (n = 9), and high dose (50 mg/kg/d) andrographolide treatment (n = 9). The control group was provided with standard laboratory chow and the other groups were fed with HFD. Andrographolide was administered through oral gavage for 1 week. Histopathological analysis showed increase in apoptotic nuclei and considerable cardiac-damages in the obese group signifying cardiac remodeling effects. Further, Western blot results showed increase in pro-apoptotic proteins and decrease in the proteins of IGF-1R-survival signaling. However, feeding of andrographolide significantly reduced the cardiac effects of HFD. The results strongly suggest that andrographolide supplementation can be used for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in obese patients.
Power Management of MIMO Network Interfaces on Mobile Systems (2011)

High-speed wireless network interfaces are among the most power-hungry components on mobile systems. This is particularly true for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) network interfaces which use multiple RF chains simultaneously. In this paper, we present a novel power management solution for MIMO network interfaces on mobile systems, called antenna management. The key idea is to adaptively disable a subset of antennas and their RF chains to reduce circuit power consumption, when the capacity improvement of using a large number of antennas is small. Antenna management judiciously determines the number of active antennas to minimize energy per bit while satisfying the data rate requirement. This work provides both theoretical framework and system design of antenna management. We first present an algorithm that efficiently solves the problem of minimizing energy per bit and, then offer its 802.11n-compliant system designs. We employ both Matlab-based simulation and prototype-based experiment to validate the energy efficiency benefit of antenna management. The results show that antenna management can achieve 21% one-end energy per bit reduction to the front end of the MIMO network interface, compared to a static MIMO configuration that keeps all antennas active.