gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superimposed topographic and chemical cues synergistically guide neurite outgrowth (2013)

Guidance of neuronal extensions is a complex process essential for linking neurons into complex functional networks underlying the workings of the neural system. Decades of research have suggested the ability of neuronal growth cones to integrate multiple types of cues during the extension process, but also have raised numerous still unanswered questions about synergy or antagonism between the superimposed chemical and mechanical signaling inputs. In this study, using a novel microfabricated analysis platform, we investigate the response of primary mouse embryonic hippocampal neurons to superimposed topographic and soluble chemical cues. We find that an optimal spatial frequency of topographic cues exists, maximizing the precision of the neurite extension. This optimal frequency can help the extending neurites navigate a topographically complex environment, providing pronounced directional selectivity. We also demonstrate that this cue can synergistically enhance attractive and suppress repulsive guidance by the bi-functional soluble cue Netrin-1, and eliminate the repulsive guidance by a chemorepellent Semaphorin3A (Sema3A). These results suggest that topographic cues can provide optimal periodic input into the guidance signaling processes involved in growth cone chemoattraction and can synergistically interact with chemical gradients of soluble guidance cues, shedding light on complex events accompanying the development of the functional nervous system.
Amorphous silicon anti-fuse for high-speed FPGA application (2003)

Amorphous silicon has been used as a programmable material for a metal-to-metal anti-fuse. A study on the characteristics of such an anti-fuse and the parameters that affect its programming characteristics is presented. In the unprogrammed state the resistance of the anti-fuse is greater than 1 G Omega and the capacitance is less than 1.3 fF. Programmed state resistances of less than 50 Omega have been achieved. This technology is in production for a 1.0- mu m CMOS-based 1000-gate field programmable gate array (FPGA).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Idiotypic and subgroup analysis of human monoclonal rheumatoid factors. Implications for structural and genetic basis of autoantibodies in humans. (1988)

Rheumatoid factors (RFs) in humans have been studied intensively because of their association with autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases. Many human IgM-RFs express cross-reactive idiotypes (CRIs) and have homologous light chains, some of which are encoded by a single V kappa gene, termed V kappa 325. However, although antibody activity generally requires the interaction between heavy and light chain variable regions, much less is known about structural relationships among RF heavy chains. To delineate further the structural and genetic basis of RF autoantibody synthesis, we generated "sequence-dependent" reagents specific for the human heavy and kappa light chain subgroups, and used them to analyze a panel of 27 monoclonal RFs. In addition, these proteins were tested for the expression of a heavy chain-associated CRI (G6), and a light chain-associated CRI (17.109). The results showed that most 17.109-reactive RFs contain heavy chains of the VHI subgroup, which bear the G6 idiotypic marker. However, among the 14 17.109-reactive RFs, two have heavy chains of the VHII subgroup, and another two contain heavy chains of the VHIII subgroup. Previously, we have shown that 17.109 is a phenotypic marker of the human V kappa 325 gene. Accordingly, these results demonstrate that the same human V kappa gene can combine with several VH genes from different VH gene subgroups to generate RF activity.
Highly transparent silicone materials (2004)

Silicone based polymers possess a unique set of properties that makes them highly suitable for optical applications. In addition to their excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, and ease of processing, they are highly transparent in the ultraviolet, visible, and selected bands of the near-IR spectra. The loss and absorption characteristics for a variety of silicone based polymers are examined and an example of a recently developed ultra-violet transparent polymer coating that is UV cured illustrates the flexibility of the silicone polymer family to be tailored to meet specific application needs.
A greenhouse gas source of surprising significance: anthropogenic CO2 emissions from use of methanol in sewage treatment (2017)

The impact of methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH) as a source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) in denitrification at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has never been quantified. CH<sub>3</sub>OH is the most commonly purchased carbon source for sewage denitrification. Until recently, greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting protocols consistently ignored the liberation of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> attributable to CH<sub>3</sub>OH. This oversight can likely be attributed to a simplifying notion that CO<sub>2</sub> produced through activated-sludge-process respiration is biogenic because most raw-sewage carbon is un-sequestered prior to entering a WWTP. Instead, a biogenic categorization cannot apply to fossil-fuel-derived carbon sources like CH<sub>3</sub>OH. This paper provides a summary of how CH<sub>3</sub>OH use at DC Water's Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWTP; Washington, DC, USA) amounts to 60 to 85% of the AWTP's Scope-1 emissions. The United States Environmental Protection Agency and Water Environment Federation databases suggest that CH<sub>3</sub>OH CO<sub>2</sub> likely represents one quarter of all Scope-1 GHG emissions attributable to sewage treatment in the USA. Finally, many alternatives to CH<sub>3</sub>OH use exist and are discussed.
Abstract 4256: Impact of diesel engine exhaust exposure on the airway transcriptome (2017)

Abstract Rationale: Recent epidemiological studies show that Diesel Engine Exhaust (DEE) exposure is associated with lung cancer, however the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. The goal of this study was to assess the transcriptomic alterations in the nasal epithelium of DEE exposed workers from factories where diesel engines are utilized. Methods: Nasal epithelium brushings were obtained from 41 subjects who work in a factory with DEE exposure, and 38 comparable control subjects who work in factories without any DEE exposure. The median Elemental Carbon (EC) levels of exposed individuals was 60.7μg/m3, with a range of 17.2-105.4 μg/m3, respectively. RNA was isolated from nasal epithelial cells, and profiled for gene expression using Affymetrix microarrays. Linear modeling was used to detect differential expression between DEE exposure and controls. Pathway enrichment in differentially expressed genes was assessed using GO Biological Process and KEGG terms via EnrichR. Results: We found 234 genes that were differentially expressed between samples derived from DEE exposed participants versus controls at FDR q &amp;lt; 0.25. Within this set of genes, we observed a higher expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response, as well as cell proliferation, cellular transcription, and regulation of apoptosis. In addition, we found that genes involved in ion transport, such as CFTR, were expressed at lower levels in DEE exposed samples. Conclusions: Chronic DEE exposure associates with changes in the airway transcriptome, with increased stress response as a major effect of DEE exposure. The transcriptomic alterations we identified may help provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of DEE carcinogenicity. Citation Format: Eduard I. Drizik, Sean Corbett, Roel Vermeulen, Yufei Dai, Wei Hu, Marc Lenburg, Dianzhi Ren, Huawei Duan, Yong Niu, Jun Xu, Wei Fu, Kees Meliefste, Baosen Zhou, JuFang Yang, Meng Ye, Xiaowei Jia, Tao Meng, Ping Bin, Yuxin Zheng, Debra Silverman, Nathaniel Rothman, Avrum Spira, Qing Lan. Impact of diesel engine exhaust exposure on the airway transcriptome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4256. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4256
Magnetron Motion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Model for Sweet Corrosion in Horizontal Multiphase Slug Flow (1997)

Abstract A model has been developed that can predict the corrosion rate in horizontal slug flows. The effect of the slug frequency and oil type on corrosion rate have been included. The model has been compared to experimental data, and, to the model and field data of Gunaltun (1996). For all conditions, the corrosion rate increased with increase in slug frequency until a maximum in corrosion rate is reached at approximately 35 slugs/minute. At 60 C, the model compares well with that of Gunaltun (1996) if a slug frequency of 10 to 12 is used. For 80 C, the Gunaltun model is in good agreement if a frequency of 1 slug/minute is used. His model does include a term that predicts a maximum in the corrosion rate between 60 and 80 C. This has not been noticed in this laboratory for slug flows. For horizontal pipelines, field data suggests that, the slug frequency is usually in the range of 1 to 20 slugs/minute, depending on the liquid velocity. When the pipe is inclined, the slug frequency can increase to values much greater than these and this may lead to higher levels of corrosion. The oil type is accounted for using the suggestion of Efird (1989) based on the product of oil acid number and % nitrogen. When this relation is used, the results compare very well with those of Efird for the oils he studied.
Improved semiempirical heats of formation through the use of bond and group equivalents (2002)

Deficiencies in energetics obtained using the common semiempirical methods, AM1, PM3, and MNDO, may partly be traced to the use of pseudoatomic equivalents for conversion of molecular energies to heats of formation at 298 K. We present an alternative scheme based on the use of bond and group equivalents. Values for the 61 bond and group equivalents necessary for treatment of molecules containing the common organic elements, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen have been derived. For a set of 583 neutral, closed-shell molecules mean absolute errors in AM1, PM3, and MNDO heats of formation are reduced from 6.6, 4.2, and 8.2 kcal/mol to 2.3, 2.2, and 3.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Several systematic problems are overcome in the present scheme including relative stabilities of branched hydrocarbons, energetics of conjugated systems, heats of formation of long chain hydrocarbons, and enthalpies of molecules containing multiple heteroatoms. Although the approach is restricted to molecules with well-defined functional groups, the equivalents are easy to incorporate and are chemically relevant. This revised procedure allows semiempirical methods to be used for far more reliable evaluations of heats of reactions. Estimates are made of the errors inherent in these semiempirical formalisms, arising from integral approximations and the neglect of explicit treatment of electron correlation effects, while excluding those from inadequate parameterization.
PELARGODONT Novel biopolymer materials for delivery system on inflamed periodontal surface area with Pelargonium sidoides biologically active substance (2017)

Acknowledgement. The PELARGODONT Project ("Engineering and functionalization of delivery system with Pelargonium sidoides biologically active substance on inflamed periodontal surface area") is financed under the M-ERA.NET 2 Programme, which has received funding from the European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 685451.
A critical investigation of the measurement of the force required to dilate the human uterine cervix (1988)

A system for objectively analysing the forces of dilation of the human uterine cervix was devised using a force sensing device linked to a BBC microcomputer. The computer program allowed easy recording, storage and analysis of force/time curves obtained from the passage of tapered dilators through the cervix. A new design of dilator gave a smoother force/time curve. These force/time curves were analysed. Six indices: peak force, end force, area to peak, area to end the ratio of the peak and end forces recorded from the passage of the two largest and two smallest dilators, were compared. Area measurement was subject to artefact and rejected. Peak and end force measurements gave the best separation between parous and nulliparous patients. The peak force was judged to be the better as it was found to be easier to define than end force.
Pointer-induced aliasing (1993)

article Pointer-induced aliasing: a clarification Share on Authors: Thomas J. Marlowe View Profile , William G. Landi View Profile , Barbara G. Ryder View Profile , Jong-Deok Choi View Profile , Michael G. Burke View Profile , Paul Carini View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 28Issue 9Sept. 1993 pp 67–70https://doi.org/10.1145/165364.165387Online:01 September 1993Publication History 40citation280DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations40Total Downloads280Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Ionization Dynamics in Intense Two-Color Circularly Polarized Laser Fields (2016)

Ionization in intense two-color circularly polarized laser pulses is explored numerically and experimentally. Double ionization is enhanced with counterrotating fields, and diverse dynamics are uncovered that are impossible with linear polarization.
ChemInform Abstract: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Part 2. Synthesis of 2,2′‐Dithiobis(1H‐ indole‐3‐alkanamides) and Investigation of Their Inhibitory Activity Against Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor and pp60v‐src Protein Tyrosine Kinases. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Can Nutritional Modulation of Maternal Intestinal Microbiota Influence the Development of the Infant (2012)

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining host health by preventing the colonization of pathogens, fermenting dietary compounds, and maintaining normal mucosal immunity. Particularly in early life, the composition of the microbiota profoundly influences the development and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) mucosa, which may affect health in later life. Therefore, strategies to manipulate the microbiota during infancy may prevent the development of some diseases later in adult life. Earlier research suggested that term fetuses are sterile and that the initial bacterial colonization of the newborn GIT occurs only after the baby transits through the birth canal. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the colonization and/or contact of the fetus with the maternal GIT microbiota may start in utero. After vaginal birth, the colonization of the neonate GIT continues through contact with maternal feces and vaginal bacteria, leading to a relatively simple microbial community that is influenced by feeding type (breast vs. formula feeding). Maternal GIT microbiota, vaginal microbiota, and breast milk composition are influenced by maternal diet. Alterations of the maternal GIT microbiota composition via supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics have been shown; however, transfer of these benefits to the offspring remains to be demonstrated. This review focuses on the influence of maternal GIT microbiota during the pre- and postpartum periods on the colonization of the infant GIT. In particular, it examines the manipulation of the maternal GIT microbiota composition through the use of probiotics and/or prebiotics and subsequent consequences for the health of the offspring. J. Nutr. 142: 1921‐1928, 2012.
A new philosophy for interactive design of assembly products and their production lines (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Electrically conducting polymers containing alternating substituted phenylenes and bithiophene repeat units (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrically conducting polymers containing alternating substituted phenylenes and bithiophene repeat unitsJohn R. Reynolds, Jose P. Ruiz, Andrew D. Child, Kasinath Nayak, and Dennis S. MarynickCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 3, 678–687Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00003a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00003a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views531Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of oxygen vacancies and strain on the phonon spectrum of HfO2 thin films (2017)

The effect of strain and oxygen deficiency on the Raman spectrum of monoclinic HfO2 is investigated theoretically using first-principles calculations. 1% in-plane compressive strain applied to a and c axes is found to blue shift the phonon frequencies, while 1% tensile strain does the opposite. The simulations are compared, and good agreement is found with the experimental results of Raman frequencies greater than 110 cm−1 for 50 nm HfO2 thin films. Several Raman modes measured below 110 cm−1 and previously assigned to HfO2 are found to be rotational modes of gases present in air ambient (nitrogen and oxygen). However, localized vibrational modes introduced by threefold-coordinated oxygen (O3) vacancies are identified at 96.4 cm−1 computationally. These results are important for a deeper understanding of vibrational modes in HfO2, which has technological applications in transistors and particularly in resistive random-access memory whose operation relies on oxygen-deficient HfOx.
A preliminary study on evaluating Consultation Notes with Post-Editing (2021)

Automatic summarisation has the potential to aid physicians in streamlining clerical tasks such as note taking. But it is notoriously difficult to evaluate these systems and demonstrate that they are safe to be used in a clinical setting. To circumvent this issue, we propose a semi-automatic approach whereby physicians post-edit generated notes before submitting them. We conduct a preliminary study on the time saving of automatically generated consultation notes with post-editing. Our evaluators are asked to listen to mock consultations and to post-edit three generated notes. We time this and find that it is faster than writing the note from scratch. We present insights and lessons learnt from this experiment.
Crystalline silicon solar cells with thin poly‐SiOx carrier‐selective passivating contacts for perovskite/c‐Si tandem applications (2023)

Abstract Single junction crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells are reaching their practical efficiency limit whereas perovskite/c‐Si tandem solar cells have achieved efficiencies above the theoretical limit of single junction c‐Si solar cells. Next to low‐thermal budget silicon heterojunction architecture, high‐thermal budget carrier‐selective passivating contacts (CSPCs) based on polycrystalline‐SiO x (poly‐SiO x ) also constitute a promising architecture for high efficiency perovskite/c‐Si tandem solar cells. In this work, we present the development of c‐Si bottom cells based on high temperature poly‐SiO x CSPCs and demonstrate novel high efficiency four‐terminal (4T) and two‐terminal (2T) perovskite/c‐Si tandem solar cells. First, we tuned the ultra‐thin, thermally grown SiO x . Then we optimized the passivation properties of p‐type and n‐type doped poly‐SiO x CSPCs. Here, we have optimized the p‐type doped poly‐SiO x CSPC on textured interfaces via a two‐step annealing process. Finally, we integrated such bottom solar cells in both 4T and 2T tandems, achieving 28.1% and 23.2% conversion efficiency, respectively.
Selective Cell Penetrating Peptide‐Functionalized Polymersomes Mediate Efficient and Targeted Delivery of Methotrexate Disodium to Human Lung Cancer In Vivo (2017)

It is a long challenge to develop nanomedicines that simultaneously possess tumor cell selectivity and penetration functions. Here, it is reported that selective cell penetrating peptide (RLWMRWYSPRTRAYGC)-functionalized polymersomes (SCPP-PS) mediate efficient and targeted delivery of methotrexate disodium (MTX) to human lung cancer in vivo. SCPP-PS with an SCPP density of 18.7% is self-crosslinked, has a small size (63-65 nm), and high MTX loading (up to 19.4 wt%), shows selective uptake and fast penetration into A549 lung cancer cells, and efficiently releases MTX intracellularly. Interestingly, MTX-loaded SCPP-PS (MTX-SCPP-PS) displays much lower IC<sub>50</sub> than those of MTX-PS and free MTX. Installing SCPP to polymersomes has no detrimental effect to their long blood circulation time but significantly increases drug accumulation in A549 tumor (5.3% injected dose per gram at 8 h post injection). Remarkably, SCPP-PS exhibits deep penetration in to A549 tumors. MTX-SCPP-PS completely inhibits tumor progression and significantly improves survival rates in mice bearing A549 lung tumor xenografts as compared to MTX-PS and free MTX groups (median survival time: 75 vs 45 and 38 d, respectively), without causing noticeable adverse effects. These results highlight that functionalization of nanomedicines with SCPP is a feasible strategy to achieve efficient and targeted tumor therapy.
Production of charged pions, kaons and protons at large transverse momenta in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV (2014)

Production of charged pions, kaons and protons at large transverse momenta