gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic stem cell transplant in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia: a systematic analysis of international guidelines and recommendations (2011)

In patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, published guidelines and treatment recommendations are usually the basis for starting the work-up process for allogeneic transplant. However, only consistent recommendations would allow a standardized clinical practice. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search to identify and evaluate the best available evidence from controlled clinical trials. In addition, recommendations given by leading organizations in the USA and Europe were analyzed. The following aspects were selected for systematic comparison: factors for risk assessment and categorization, role of type of donor, significance of allogeneic transplant in first or second complete remission and in relapse/progressive disease; and role of reduced intensity conditioning regimens. In conclusion, the recommendations for the use of allogeneic transplant given by the literature and by published guidelines are inconsistent and will need clarification.
The chemical stability of captopril capsules. (1989)

Captopril therapy is effective in the management of congestive heart failure. The development of hypotension, using low or standard doses, frequently precludes many patients from continuing therapy. The use of 1 mg "microdose" captopril capsules has been used for dose titration to avoid complications associated with hypotension. This study evaluated the chemical stability of 1 mg microdose captopril capsules, extemporaneously prepared from commercially available captopril tablets for a period of 60 days which were stored in an amber vial at standard room temperature conditions. Captopril samples were analyzed in triplicate using high pressure liquid chromatographic method on days 0, 30, and 60 following perparation. There was no degradation observed on any of the sampling days. Therefore, the formulation of 1 mg captopril capsules remain stable for a period of 60 days.
Introduction to the Special Issue on New Subjective and Objective Methodologies for Audio and Visual Signal Processing (2012)

The nine papers in this special issue report the latest findings in subjective and objective methodologies for audio and visual signal processing.
Hypothesis: Mechanisms That Prevent Recovery in Prolonged ICU Patients Also Underlie Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) (2021)

Here the hypothesis is advanced that maladaptive mechanisms that prevent recovery in some intensive care unit (ICU) patients may also underlie Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Specifically, these mechanisms are: (a) suppression of the pituitary gland's <i>pulsatile</i> secretion of tropic hormones, and (b) a "vicious circle" between inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and low thyroid hormone <i>function</i>. This hypothesis should be investigated through collaborative research projects.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Mode of Reactivity for Nitrile Ylides? (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibody-mediated broad sarbecovirus neutralization through ACE2 molecular mimicry (2022)

Understanding broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus antibody responses is key to developing countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future zoonotic sarbecoviruses. We describe the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody, designated S2K146, that broadly neutralizes viruses belonging to SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-related sarbecovirus clades which use ACE2 as an entry receptor. Structural and functional studies show that most of the virus residues that directly bind S2K146 are also involved in binding to ACE2. This allows the antibody to potently inhibit receptor attachment. S2K146 protects against SARS-CoV-2 Beta challenge in hamsters and viral passaging experiments reveal a high barrier for emergence of escape mutants, making it a good candidate for clinical development. The conserved ACE2-binding residues present a site of vulnerability that might be leveraged for developing vaccines eliciting broad sarbecovirus immunity.
Chemistry of Biological Processes: An Introduction (2014)

Life depends on the ability of living organisms to effectively harness the chemical potential of their environment, namely the sun, for energy, and a certain number of molecules which exist on the Earth’s surface, such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. These molecules need to be activated if benefit is to be derived from them, which requires profound electronic modifications that only metal ions can provide. Truly extraordinary metalloenzymes with highly subtle mechanisms are responsible for this activation. Bioinorganic chemistry straddles the disciplines of chemistry and biology and is in full expansion today. This discipline was born of the recent realisation that life is not solely organic but also “mineral”, and that no life can exist without metals.
Studies of consequences of photo-acid generator leaching in 193nm immersion lithography (2006)

Leaching of resist components into the water has been reported in several studies. Potential effects of photo-acid generator (PAG) dissolved in water include photocontamination of the last optical surface and the formation of particulate defects on the wafer surface. In order to determine the impact of these phenomena on lithographic performance, such as optics lifetime and yield, we have initiated a set of controlled studies, where predetermined amounts of PAG were introduced into pure water and the results monitored quantitatively. One set of studies identified the complex, nonlinear paths leading to photocontamination of the optics. At concentrations typical of leached PAG, below 500 ppb, the in-situ self-cleaning processes prevent contamination of the optics. On the other hand, initial experiments with a nano-dropper show that micron-scale particles from the dissolved PAG are formed on the wafer surface when water evaporates. This phenomenon requires further systematic studies both at the fundamental science and the engineering levels.
Arterially Perfused Neurosphere-Derived Cells Distribute Outside the Ischemic Core in a Model of Transient Focal Ischemia and Reperfusion In Vitro (2008)

It is demonstrated that NCs injected through the vascular system do not accumulate in the ischemic core and preferentially distribute in non-ischemic areas, identified by combined electrophysiological and morphological techniques. Direct measurements of extracellular brain ions during and after MCA occlusion suggest that anoxia-induced tissue changes, such as extracellular acidosis, may prevent NCs from entering the ischemic area in our in vitro model of transitory focal ischemia and reperfusion suggesting a role played by the surrounding microenviroment in driving NCs outside the ischemic core. These findings strongly suggest that the potential beneficial effect of NCs in experimental focal brain ischemia is not strictly dependent on their homing into the ischemic region, but rather through a bystander mechanism possibly mediated by the release of neuroprotective factors in the peri-infarct region.
On-chip near field fluorescence excitation and detection with nanophotonic waveguides for enhanced surface sensitivity (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Fluorescence is a widely used transduction mechanism in bio-imaging, sensing or physical chemistry characterization applications. The ability to selectively excite desired molecules without generating considerable bulk background from nearby molecules is very important for all these applications. A near field excitation using an exponentially decaying evanescent field is often used to reduce the bulk background by selectively exciting molecules near to the surface. We propose an on-chip platform to improve the surface and bulk fluorescence separation by combining near-field excitation and near-field collection. We used the exponentially decaying evanescent tail of a Silicon Nitride rib waveguide to excite molecules and coupled the subsequent emission back via the same waveguide. We observe from the finite difference time domain simulation that both the excitation and coupling efficiency depend exponentially on the surface-molecule distance. Thus, combination of near field excitation and collection improves surface-bulk separation. A reduction by half in effective 1/e decay length was found experimentally for this combined near-field excitation and collection technique compare to the conventional only near-field excitation based technique . An analytical model is derived to find the optimum device efficiency for bio-sensing applications and established a general condition for sensor length to maximize the device efficiency and validated by experimental data. Finally, we used this platform for Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurement. In this talk, I will present the fabrication, characterization and experimental results obtained using this proposed waveguide based platform.
Spinal Cord Stimulation using time-dynamic pulses achieves faster and longer reversal of allodynia compared to tonic pulses in a rat model of neuropathic pain (2023)

Abstract Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) utilizing time-dynamic pulses (TDPs) is an emergent field of neuromodulation that continuously and automatically modulates pulse parameters. We previously demonstrated that TDPs delivered for 60 min at sub-paresthesia amplitudes significantly reversed allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Because we observed these anti-allodynic effects persisted post-cessation, we investigated the extended temporal dynamics of SCS-induced analgesia. We hypothesized that TDPs achieve a longer duration of analgesia than tonic stimulation. Both TDPs and tonic stimulation reversed PWT to near pre-chronificiation levels within 30 minutes. Most TDPs exhibited significantly slower ramp-up slope (analgesia ‘wash-in’ rates) compared to tonic stimulation (amplitude modulation: 0.16±0.03 min -1 , pulse width modulation: 0.18±0.05 min -1 , stochastic modulation: 0.17±0.04 min -1 , tonic: 0.31±0.06 min -1 ). All TDPs showed slower wind-down slopes (analgesia ‘wash-out’ rates) compared to tonic (-0.29±0.07 min -1 ), with pulse width modulation (-0.11±0.02 min -1 ) reaching significance. Extending SCS from 60 to 90 minutes revealed all TDPs maintain analgesic efficacy longer than tonic stimulation, which decreased significantly at both 75 and 90 minutes (from 13.8±0.5 g to 12.3±0.9 g and to 11.0±0.5 g, respectively). Although TDPs and tonic stimulation comparably mitigated allodynia, TDPs generally exhibited slower temporal dynamics, suggesting longer-lasting analgesic effects and potentially different mechanisms of action.
Temporal monitoring of operating room light allows for gated fluorescence imaging sequenced to the ambient fluctuations (2014)

A method of using temporal analysis of background room lights to drive the timing of image acquisition and enable real time fluorescence imaging in a brightly lit operating room with significant periodic variation in brightness has been developed.
Bis(acetato)amminedichloro(cyclohexylamine)platinum(IV), an Orally Active Anticancer Drug (1995)

The structure of the anticancer drug bis(acetato)-amminedichloro(cyclohexylamine)platinum(IV), [PtCl2-(C2H3O2)2(C6H13N)(NH3)], is reported. The acetato groups are axial to the square plane composed of the chlorine and amine substituents. The cyclohexane ring may sterically hinder one of the acetato groups for metabolic attack. The amine groups are hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl O atoms of the acetato groups.
Blockchain-based Content Delivery Networks: Content Transparency Meets\n User Privacy (2019)

Blockchain is a merging technology for decentralized management and data\nsecurity, which was first introduced as the core technology of cryptocurrency,\ne.g., Bitcoin. Since the first success in financial sector, blockchain has\nshown great potentials in various domains, e.g., internet of things and mobile\nnetworks. In this paper, we propose a novel blockchain-based architecture for\ncontent delivery networks (B-CDN), which exploits the advances of the\nblockchain technology to provide a decentralized and secure platform to connect\ncontent providers (CPs) with users. On one hand, the proposed B-CDN will\nleverage the registration and subscription of the users to different CPs, while\nguaranteeing the user privacy thanks to virtual identity provided by the\nblockchain network. On the other hand, the B-CDN creates a public immutable\ndatabase of the requested contents (from all CPs), based on which each CP can\nbetter evaluate the user preference on its contents. The benefits of B-CDN are\ndemonstrated via an edge-caching application, in which a feature-based caching\nalgorithm is proposed for all CPs. The proposed caching algorithm is verified\nwith the realistic Movielens dataset. A win-win relation between the CPs and\nusers is observed, where the B-CDN improves user quality of experience and\nreduces cost of delivering content for the CPs.\n
The effect of the novel SHIP1 activator AQX-1125 on allergen-induced responses in mild to moderate asthma (2013)

Rationale: SH2-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP1) is an endogenous inhibitor of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway that is involved in the activation of inflammatory cells. AQX-1125 is a first in class oral SHIP1 activator with a novel anti-inflammatory mode of action and safety profile in pre-clinical studies. Objectives: To determine the effect of once daily AQX-1125 on lung function, airway responsivness to methacholine, sputum eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in asthmatic patients after IAC. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way cross-over study was performed in 22 steroid-naive patients with mild asthma. AQX-1125 or placebo were administered orally for 7 days. IAC was performed on day 6 (2 h post-dose), followed by methacholine challenge (day 7) and induced sputum collection. Results: AQX-1125 significantly abrogated the late phase response compared with placebo (FEV1 4-10h: mean difference 150ml; p&gt;0.027); and increased minimum FEV1 during LAR (mean difference 180ml; p=0.014); increased FEV1 0-10h (mean difference 97.5ml; p&gt;0.05) but had no effect on the early phase response. AQX-1125 showed a trend in reduction of sputum eosinophils &amp; macrophages &amp; also reduced methacholine responsiveness but these did not achieve significance. There was no effect on FeNO. AQX-1125 was well tolerated with mild self limited GI side effects described in 5/22 subjects on active treatment. Conclusion: AQX-1125, a novel oral SHIP1 activator, significantly reduces the late phase response to IAC, with trends to reduce airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
514 Development of high thermal conductivity material based on topology optimization and selective laser sintering (2015)

Additive manufacturing may be a novel method for fabricating porous materials. These materials can achieve effective performance because of their internal geometries. Metal-additive manufacturing is expected to utilize thermal conduction materials and devices. We have developed a porous metal with effective isotropic thermal conductivity by using metal-selective laser melting additive manufacturing. The internal pore-structure was designed by topology optimization, which is the most effective structural optimization technique to maximize effective thermal conductivity. The designed structure was converted to a three-dimensional STL model, which is a native digital format of additive manufacturing, and assembled as a test piece. Effective thermal conductivity was measured by a steady-state method in which the effective thermal conductivity was calculated from a one-dimensional temperature gradient and the heat flux of the test pieces.
Stochastic Neuromorphic Circuits for Solving MAXCUT (2023)

Finding the maximum cut of a graph (MAXCUT) is a classic optimization problem that has motivated parallel algorithm development. While approximate algorithms to MAXCUT offer attractive theoretical guarantees and demonstrate compelling empirical performance, such approximation approaches can shift the dominant computational cost to the stochastic sampling operations. Neuromorphic computing, which uses the organizing principles of the nervous system to inspire new parallel computing architectures, offers a possible solution. One ubiquitous feature of natural brains is stochasticity: the individual elements of biological neural networks possess an intrinsic randomness that serves as a resource enabling their unique computational capacities. By designing circuits and algorithms that make use of randomness similarly to natural brains, we hypothesize that the intrinsic randomness in microelectronics devices could be turned into a valuable component of a neuromorphic architecture enabling more efficient computations. Here, we present neuromorphic circuits that transform the stochastic behavior of a pool of random devices into useful correlations that drive stochastic solutions to MAXCUT. We show that these circuits perform favorably in comparison to software solvers and argue that this neuromorphic hardware implementation provides a path for scaling advantages. This work demonstrates the utility of combining neuromorphic principles with intrinsic randomness as a computational resource for new computational architectures.
Diabetes Mellitus and the Moyamoya Syndrome (2012)

Letters4 September 2012Diabetes Mellitus and the Moyamoya SyndromeRegina S. Bower, MD, Grant W. Mallory, MD, Macaulay Nwojo, BS, Fredric B. Meyer, MD, and Yogish C. Kudva, MDRegina S. Bower, MDFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902., Grant W. Mallory, MDFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902., Macaulay Nwojo, BSFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902., Fredric B. Meyer, MDFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902., and Yogish C. Kudva, MDFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Background: The Moyamoya syndrome is a rare disease that primarily affects children but can also be found in adults. It involves progressive stenosis of the arteries in the anterior circulation of the brain that can lead to transient ischemic attacks and hemorrhagic stroke (1), with symptoms of headache, confusion, dizziness, ataxia, seizure, and cognitive and personality changes (2). Because these symptoms also occur in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (3), patients with both diseases might receive that diagnosis instead of the less common diagnosis of Moyamoya syndrome, which could delay recognition and treatment.Objective: To measure the clinical characteristics ...References1. Suzuki J, Kodama N. Moyamoya disease—a review. Stroke. 1983;14:104-9. [PMID: 6823678] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Scott RM, Smith ER. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1226-37. [PMID: 19297575] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Haller MJ, Atkinson MA, Schatz D. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: etiology, presentation, and management. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52:1553-78. [PMID: 16301083] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National Diabetes Statistics, 2011. NIH Publication no. 11-3892. Accessed at http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/index.aspx on 9 April 2012. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAssociation of HLA-DQA2 and HLA-B With Moyamoya Disease in the Chinese Han PopulationMoyamoya syndrome causing stroke in young women with type 1 diabetesSurgical Outcomes and Predictors of Stroke in a North American White and African American Moyamoya PopulationAblation of Rnf213 retards progression of diabetes in the Akita mouse 4 September 2012Volume 157, Issue 5Page: 387-388KeywordsHeadachesHemorrhagic strokeHyperthyroidismHypoglycemiaHypothyroidismRheumatoid arthritisSigns and symptomsStenosisTransient ischemic attacksType 1 diabetes ePublished: 4 September 2012 Issue Published: 4 September 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Progranulin mediates immune evasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through regulation of MHCI expression (2022)

Immune evasion is indispensable for cancer initiation and progression, although its underlying mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are not fully known. Here, we characterize the function of tumor-derived PGRN in promoting immune evasion in primary PDAC. Tumor- but not macrophage-derived PGRN is associated with poor overall survival in PDAC. Multiplex immunohistochemistry shows low MHC class I (MHCI) expression and lack of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration in PGRN-high tumors. Inhibition of PGRN abrogates autophagy-dependent MHCI degradation and restores MHCI expression on PDAC cells. Antibody-based blockade of PGRN in a PDAC mouse model remarkably decelerates tumor initiation and progression. Notably, tumors expressing LCMV-gp33 as a model antigen are sensitized to gp33-TCR transgenic T cell-mediated cytotoxicity upon PGRN blockade. Overall, our study shows a crucial function of tumor-derived PGRN in regulating immunogenicity of primary PDAC.
Broadband topology-optimized photonic crystal components for both TE and TM polarizations (2005)

Several planar photonic crystal components topology-optimized for TE-polarized light, including 60 masculine bends, Y-splitters, and 90 masculine bends, have been characterized for the TM polarization. The experimental results are confirmed by finite-difference time-domain calculations. The surprising efficiency for TM-polarized light is found and paves the way for photonic crystal components suitable for both polarizations.
Integrating giant magneto-resistive (GMR) field detectors for high bandwidth current sensing in power electronic modules (2010)

This paper analyzes the placement of giant magneto-resistive (GMR) field detectors in power electronic modules. GMR field detectors can provide simultaneous high bandwidth (DC to MHz) current and temperature measurements in a small area (1.26 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The GMR detects incident magnetic fields, and because the spatial magnetic field from current carrying conductors is dependent on frequency, a precise 5% Flat Bandwidth (FBW) metric is used to evaluate placement of the GMR detectors. One significant contribution of this paper is to identify the effects of conducting material near a current carrying conductor on the FBW performance, and to propose a methodology to achieve high FBW performance inside a power electronics module where conducting material is near the current carrying conductor. This paper also introduces a method using multiple GMR detectors to reduce the placement tolerances of the GMR detectors.