gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Verification of Current Conduction Mechanism for a Lithium Niobate Based Memristor (2020)

This work presents electrical characterization and analysis of the dominant charge transport mechanism suggesting inhomogeneous, filamentary conduction for a lithium niobate switching layer based memristor for use in neuromorphic computing. Memristor conductivity has been investigated both for the high and low resistance states. It is suggested that when the device is in a high resistance state, deep trap energy level within the switching layer initiate the device conduction process. The elastic trap assisted tunneling mechanism with a simple steady state approach agrees with the experimental measurements in the high resistance state. This work considers existence of inhomogeneously distributed positively charged oxygen ions/vacancies (within the oxygen deficient switching layer) as the deep trap energy level, required for electron tunneling from memristor electrode. Alternatively, ohmic conduction was found to be the main mechanism for the memristor on state conductivity at room temperature. Existence of intermediate resistive states in the memristor’s high resistive region was experimentally investigated and the elastic trap assisted tunneling mechanism for such phenomena was validated through simulation.
Zero-Added-Loss Entangled-Photon Multiplexing for Ground- and Space-Based Quantum Networks (2023)

We propose a scheme for optical entanglement distribution in quantum networks based on a quasideterministic entangled photon-pair source. By combining heralded photonic Bell-pair generation with spectral mode conversion to interface with quantum memories, the scheme eliminates switching losses due to multiplexing in the source. We analyze this ``zero-added-loss multiplexing'' (ZALM) Bell-pair source for the particularly challenging problem of long-baseline entanglement distribution via satellites and ground-based memories, where it unlocks additional advantages: (i) the substantially higher channel efficiency $\ensuremath{\eta}$ of downlinks versus uplinks with realistic adaptive optics, and (ii) photon loss occurring before interaction with the quantum memory---i.e., Alice and Bob receiving rather than transmitting---improve entanglement generation rate scaling by $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\ensuremath{\eta}})$. Based on numerical analyses, we estimate our protocol to achieve $&gt;10\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{ebit/s}$ at memory multiplexing of ${10}^{2}$ spin qubits for ground distance $&gt;{10}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{km}$, with the spin-spin Bell-state fidelity exceeding 99%. Our architecture presents a blueprint for realizing global-scale quantum networks in the near term.
Abstract PR-011: Loss of compensatory feedback mechanism involving splicing factor SRSF1 accelerates KrasG12D-mediated pancreatic cancer initiation (2021)

Abstract KRAS is recurrently mutated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), triggering the formation of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). However, the majority of pancreatic cells from KC (LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx-1-Cre) mice carrying the KrasG12D mutation remain morphologically normal for a long time, suggesting the existence of compensatory feedback mechanisms that buffer KrasG12D signaling, and that additional steps are required for disrupting cell homeostasis and promoting transformation. Here we found that splicing factor SRSF1, which is associated with cell transformation, is downregulated in the majority of morphologically normal pancreas cells with the KrasG12D mutation as a compensatory feedback mechanism. To assess the role of SRSF1 in PDAC, we generated a transgenic mouse strain (SC) with Dox-inducible pancreatic-specific expression of SRSF1 protein. Elevated SRSF1 alone is sufficient to induce pancreatitis and ADM transformation. By further crossing the SC strain with KrasG12D alone (KSC) or together with Trp53R172H (KPSC), we found that increasing SRSF1 accelerated KrasG12D-mediated tumor initiation and resulted in more aggressive PDAC. To address the underlying mechanisms of SRSF1’s involvement in the homeostatic response to KrasG12D mutation and in PDAC initiation, we generated organoid lines from the above mouse strains. Following Dox induction, elevated SRSF1 with Kras WT or KrasG12D consistently activated MAPK signaling, which is one of the top negatively enriched pathways in response to KrasG12D. Furthermore, SRSF1 promoted the expression of Il1r1—an IL1 receptor associated with the activation of MAPK signaling—by regulating an alternative-splicing event in the 5’UTR to generate a more stable mRNA isoform. We conclude that decreased SRSF1 is a compensatory feedback mechanism in pancreatic cells against the KrasG12D mutation, whose disruption facilitates PDAC initiation. Citation Format: Ledong Wan, Kuan-Ting Lin, Mohammad A. Rahman, Zhikai Wang, Youngkyu Park, David A. Tuveson, Adrian R. Krainer. Loss of compensatory feedback mechanism involving splicing factor SRSF1 accelerates KrasG12D-mediated pancreatic cancer initiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PR-011.
Design and Evaluation of an Electron Objective Lens System with Two Lenses and Two Deflectors (2002)

The fundamental aberration coefficients of an objective lens system with two lenses and two deflectors for electron beam lithography system were investigated. First, we designed a two-deflector objective lens system by using computer simulations. The parameters of two deflectors (positions, strength, rotation angles) were optimized to compensate the transverse coma and transverse chromatic aberrations and the landing angle. The deflection aberration at the corner of the 2-mm field was almost the same as that at the center and was reduced by 35% compared with a one-deflector system. Next, all fundamental aberration coefficients, including the five geometrical aberration coefficients (spherical, transverse coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and deflection distortion), and two chromatic aberration coefficients (axial and transverse) were independently measured by using a practical objective lens system. The measured aberration coefficients agreed well with the simulated values. This agreement shows that the two deflectors successfully reduced the aberrations. It is concluded that this measurement is indispensable for designing and evaluating an electron objective lens system.
Effective determination of the principal non-psychoactive cannabinoids in fiber-type Cannabis sativa L. by UPLC-PDA following a comprehensive design and optimization of extraction methodology (2021)

Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) represent the most abundant non-psychoactive cannabinoids in fiber-type Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) and both have demonstrated high therapeutic potential. Hence, efficient extraction coupled with reliable determination of these compounds is crucial for informed utilization of hemp and is increasingly needed in the present state of harmonization efforts. In this context, a systematic approach for extraction optimization was followed, which initially involved comparison of three widely available extraction techniques, i.e. ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and dynamic maceration (DM). These were applied on samples of different hemp varieties (n = 3) using ethanol as a safe and efficient solvent. UAE showed the most promising results and was further optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM), based on a circumscribed central composite design. The conditions maximizing CBD, CBDA, and total CBD content as well as extraction yield were determined with high desirability (0.97) and were experimentally confirmed. The optimized UAE method was also compared with a previously reported extraction procedure, demonstrating superior performance. For the quantitation of CBD and CBDA in hemp extracts, a reversed-phase UPLC-PDA method was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 10 min, while satisfactory results for linearity (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.996), precision (RSD < 2.0%), and accuracy (recovery rates of 93.1-101.0%) were obtained for both analytes. Limits of detection were determined as 0.07 and 0.04 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> for CBD and CBDA, respectively, indicating sufficient sensitivity. The good performance of the method was verified by the evaluation of additional parameters (e.g. matrix effect, extraction recovery), which was largely enabled by the use of isolated standards. The whole analytical workflow, involving both optimized UAE extraction and UPLC-PDA determination, entails simplified manipulation and may offer a reliable and cost-effective approach for routine quality control of hemp regarding the principal cannabinoids.
High performance inter-chip signalling (1998)

The achievable off-chip bandwidth of digital IC's is a crucial and often limiting factor in the performance of digital systems. In intra-system interfaces where both latency and bandwidth are important, source-synchronous parallel channels have been adopted as the most effective solution. This work investigates receiver and clocking circuit design techniques for increasing the signalling rate and robustness of such channels.
One of the main problems arising in the reception of high speed signals is the adverse effects of high frequency noise. To alleviate these effects, a new class of receiver structures that utilize current integration is proposed. The integration of current on a capacitor based on the incoming signal polarity effectively averages the signal over its valid time period, therefore filtering out high frequency noise. An experimental transceiver prototype utilizing current integrating receivers was designed and fabricated in a 0.8 $\mu$m CMOS technology. The prototype achieves a signaling rate of 740 Mbps/pin operating from a 3.3-V supply with a bit error rate of less than 10$\sp{-14}.$
The second major challenge of inter-chip communication is the design of clock generation and synchronization circuits. Delay locked loops are an attractive alternative to VCO-based phase locked loops due to their simpler design, intrinsic stability, and absence of phase error accumulation. One of their main problems however is their limited phase capture range. A dual loop architecture that eliminates this problem is proposed. This architecture employs a core loop to generate finely spaced clock edges, which are then used by a peripheral loop to generate the output clock through phase interpolation. Due to its digital control, the dual loop can offer great flexibility in the implementation of phase acquisition algorithms. A dual DLL prototype was fabricated in a 0.8 $\mu$m CMOS technology. The prototype achieves 80KHz-400MHz operating range, 12-ps rms jitter and 0.4-ps/mV jitter supply sensitivity.
Bias-free Y-branch waveguide modulator based on domain-inversed modulation of electro-optic polymer (2010)

A Y-branch directional coupler modulator based on electro-optic (EO) polymer with domain-inversion is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The functional core material is LPD-80 chromophore in amorphour-polycarbonate (APC) host polymer which is cladded between UV15-LV and UFC-170A. The switching voltage of 4.4V and the electro-optic coefficient (r<sub>33</sub>) of 90pm/V are measured from 4-domain directional coupler modulator and Mach-Zehnder modulator, respectively. A two-tone test of domain-inversed directional coupler modulator demonstrates the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 119dB/Hz<sup>2/3</sup>, which is enhanced by 11dB compared with the conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator. The SFDR of Mach-Zehnder modulator shows good agreement with simulation result but the directional coupler modulator shows approximately 10dB lower value than simulation result, which is mainly due to the high sensitivity of directional coupler structure to the fabrication error. Further improvement can be achieved with completion of fabrication precision.
GNSS interferometric reflectometry signature‐based defense (2020)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are vulnerable to radio frequency interference (RFI) and spoofing. RFI detection has become trivial with many detection algorithms available and built into GNSS receivers; this is not the case with spoofing. GNSS spoofing can involve generating false GNSS signals with one or more altered components of GNSS satellite transmissions: radio frequency (RF) carrier, pseudorandom noise codes, and/or the broadcast navigation messages. We present GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) signature-based defense: a new methodology to defend wireless space-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) transmissions against spoofing by leveraging existing, fixed GNSS receivers used in GNSS-dependent critical infrastructure and key resource sectors. GNSS-IR signature-enabled defense provides spoofing and RFI detection without any changes to existing architecture by conducting input validation of GNSS receiver observables against the generated GNSS-IR truth calibration signatures. This paper includes an overview of the theory, methodology, and results of live-sky signature variability experiments.
The Use of Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) in IPsec ESP and AH (2006)

This memo describes the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) as a mechanism to provide data origin authentication, but not confidentiality, within the IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH).GMAC is based on the Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) of operation, and can be efficiently implemented in hardware for speeds of 10 gigabits per second and above, and is also well-suited to software implementations.
Optimization of processing and modeling issues for thin film solar cell devices: Final report, February 3, 1997--September 1, 1998 (2000)

This final report describes results achieved under a 20-month NREL subcontract to develop and understand thin-film solar cell technology associated to CuInSe{sub 2} and related alloys, a-Si and its alloys, and CdTe. Modules based on all these thin films are promising candidates to meet DOE's long-range efficiency, reliability and manufacturing cost goals. The critical issues being addressed under this program are intended to provide the science and engineering basis for the development of viable commercial processes and to improve module performance. The generic research issues addressed are: (1) quantitative analysis of processing steps to provide information for efficient commercial-scale equipment design and operation; (2) device characterization relating the device performance to materials properties and process conditions; (3) development of alloy materials with different bandgaps to allow improved device structures for stability and compatibility with module design; (4) development and improved window/heterojunction layers and contacts to improve device performance and reliability; and (5) evaluation of cell stability with respect to device structure and module encapsulation.
A Survey and Perspective on Artificial Intelligence for Security-Aware Electronic Design Automation (2022)

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have been increasingly used in several fields to improve performance and the level of automation. In recent years, this use has exponentially increased due to the advancement of high-performance computing and the ever increasing size of data. One of such fields is that of hardware design—specifically the design of digital and analog integrated circuits, where AI/ ML techniques have been extensively used to address ever-increasing design complexity, aggressive time to market, and the growing number of ubiquitous interconnected devices. However, the security concerns and issues related to integrated circuit design have been highly overlooked. In this article, we summarize the state-of-the-art in AI/ML for circuit design/optimization, security and engineering challenges, research in security-aware computer-aided design/electronic design automation, and future research directions and needs for using AI/ML for security-aware circuit design.
Performance of multicasting closed interconnection networks (2002)

This paper examines the application of a simple yet general packet replication scheme to achieve multicasting in closed interconnection networks. The performance of these networks is studied and a general throughput equation is obtained to express the overall network throughput in terms of the average routing delay of the corresponding point-to-point network. The multicast performance results are thus built on top of the previously-established, and often simpler, point-to-point results. Making use of this formula, we investigate the multicast closed shuffle-exchange network in detail. Analytical results are compared with simulation results to obtain further insights into the network operation and ways to improve the network performance.
Vectorization techniques for MoM analysis using sinusoidal reaction matching (2000)

A scheme for the method of moments (MoM) using sinusoidal reaction matching is proposed and a computer code developed. The code has been applied to an analysis of a wire antenna by the supercomputer NEC-SX4. It is confirmed that the vectorization ratio of 99.7%, and CPU time is about 1/40 of that of the code based on the conventional scheme.
An Adaptive Sampling Strategy to Accelerate Markov Chains Monte Carlo (2017)

Summary Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) is a technique to sample the posterior distributions in order to quantify the uncertainty and update our knowledge about the model parameters. However, this technique is computationally costly. Therefore, it is frequently combined with a cheap-to-evaluate proxy model. Building an efficient and accurate proxy model using one-shot sampling method (such as Latin-Hypercube) is a challenging task as we do not know a prior the best sample locations and the number of required samples to tune our proxy model. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive sampling techniques using LOLA-Voronoi and Expected Improvement techniques to sequentially update our proxy (here ordinary Kriging model) using best sampling locations and density. This algorithm is used to balance between the exploration and exploitation to create an accurate proxy model for the IC fault model’s misfit function. The results show a large improvement comparing to the one-shot Latin-Hypercube design. The built proxy is then employed to reduce the computational cost of McMC process to find the posterior distributions of the model parameters.
Supramolecular self-associating amphiphiles (SSAs) as nanoscale enhancers of cisplatin anticancer activity (2021)

Many chemotherapeutic drugs have a narrow therapeutic window due to inefficient tumour cell permeation. Supramolecular self-associating amphiphilic salts (SSAs) are a unique class of small molecules that offer potential as next generation cancer drugs and/or therapeutic enhancement agents. Herein, we demonstrate the cytotoxicity of seven SSAs towards both ovarian and glioblastoma cancer cells. We also utilize the intrinsic fluorescent properties of one of these lead SSAs to provide evidence for this class of compound to both bind to the exterior cancer cell surface and permeate the cell membrane, to become internalized. Furthermore, we demonstrate synergistic effects of two lead SSAs on cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity of ovarian cancer cells and show that this correlates with increased DNA damage and apoptosis <i>versus</i> either agent alone. This work provides the first evidence that SSAs interact with and permeate cancer cell membranes and enhance the cytotoxic activity of a chemotherapeutic drug in human cancer cells.
Void nucleation behavior of single-crystal high-purity iron specimens subjected to tensile deformation (2017)

Void nucleation plays an important role for determining local deformation properties of ductile materials. In this study, the void nucleation behavior of single-crystal iron was examined in tensile tests. Two micrometer-size single crystals having a different type of slip extracted from electrodeposited pure iron were used to investigate the fracture mechanics during tensile deformation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) images verified the existence of only a single slip system in the smaller specimen (cross-sectional area A = 16 µm2) and furthermore, no voids were observed. However, multiple slips and voids were observed in the larger specimen (A = 28 µm2). These findings allowed us to reveal that multiple slips are a necessary criterion for void nucleation in single-crystal iron.
Velociraptor: LLNL's Precision Compton Scattering Light Source (2010)

Abstract not provided
SEO: Safety-Aware Energy Optimization Framework for Multi-Sensor Neural Controllers at the Edge (2023)

Runtime energy management has become quintessential for multi-sensor autonomous systems at the edge for achieving high performance given the platform constraints. Typical for such systems, however, is to have their controllers designed with formal guarantees on safety that precede in priority such optimizations, which in turn limits their application in real settings. In this paper, we propose a novel energy optimization framework that is aware of the autonomous system's safety state, and leverages it to regulate the application of energy optimization methods so that the system's formal safety properties are preserved. In particular, through the formal characterization of a system's safety state as a dynamic processing deadline, the computing workloads of the underlying models can be adapted accordingly. For our experiments, we model two popular runtime energy optimization methods, offloading and gating, and simulate an autonomous driving system (ADS) use-case in the CARLA simulation environment with performance characterizations obtained from the standard Nvidia Drive PX2 ADS platform. Our results demonstrate that through a formal awareness of the perceived risks in the test case scenario, energy efficiency gains are still achieved (reaching 89.9%) while maintaining the desired safety properties.
The Impact of Family Transition on the Development of Delinquency in Adolescent Boys: A 9‐year Longitudinal Study (1998)

The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the impact of family transition on deviant development in a sample of 427 French-Canadian boys participating in a longitudinal study from kindergarten onwards. During the course of the study some boys experienced family transition. We grouped the boys by developmental period and number of marital transitions they experienced: divorced between ages 6 and 11; divorced between ages 12 to 15; remarried between ages 6 and 11; and remarried between ages 12 and 15. From ages 11 to 15 we assessed boys' delinquency and their family processes (parental supervision, punishment, and communication) annually. The results suggest that boys who experienced remarriage between ages 12 and 15 are at greater risk for delinquency. In particular, they showed evidence of comparatively more theft and fighting at earlier ages than their peers from families that had remained intact. At similar points in development, they perceived less expressive parent-child relationships. Finally, these boys also perceived less monitoring by their parents, both overall and at different points in adolescence.