gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Transfer with Hydrogen and Superconductivity – The Review of the First Experimental Results (2015)

The transfer of massive amounts of both electrical and chemical power over long distances will present a major challenge for the global energy enterprise in future. Attraction of hydrogen is apparent as a chemical energy agent, possessing among the highest energy density content of various common fuels, whose combustive “waste” is simply water. The usage of “gratis” cold to cool a superconducting cable made of proper superconductor permits to deliver extra electrical power with the same line. This, rather old theoretical idea recently found its experimental realization. The team of Russian institutes and organizations with using Italian-produced MgB2 wire has made and successfully tested two hybrid energy transfer lines with liquid hydrogen as a chemical source of power and superconducting cable as a source of electricity. The first line has been tested in 2011. It has length ∼10 m, maximum liquid hydrogen flow ∼250 g/s and maximum current of MgB2 superconducting cable 2600 A @ 20K. This test was the first experimental proof of conception of the hybrid energy transfer line. The second line has been tested in October 2013. It has length ∼30 m. The new MgB2 cable has critical current at 21 K ∼3500 A and successfully passed high voltage DC test of 50 kV. New hydrogen cryostat has three sections with different types of thermal insulation in each section. The idea of hybrid energy transfer is formulated and details of first experiments are reviewed.
Algebraic Statistics and Methods in Systems Biology (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Overview of chapter Computational algebra Algebraic statistical models Parameter inference Model invariants Log-linear models Reverse engineering of networks Concluding remarks References
Innovative strategies for improved outcomes in nephrolithiasis (2017)

Edwin Carstensen, Ph.D., was an advisor of NIH NIDDK Program Project Grant DK043881, created to investigate shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). We now develop solutions to improve all aspects of the management of stone disease. Our goal in this paper is to report progress built on Dr. Cartsensen's advice and inspiration. The work ranges from numerical simulation to clinical trials and from device development to bioeffects and metrology. Much of our work involves bubbles and cavitation. This work has contributed to the body of knowledge defining limits for the safe use of ultrasound which Dr. Carstensen worked hard to establish. Specifically, an update will be given on the development of ultrasound to image, fragment, trap, and reposition stones. In particular, we demonstrated bubbles contribute to the twinkling artifact used by NASA and others to image stones, and we drew on Dr. Carstensen's paper [UMB, 19(2) 147-165 1993] to demonstrate that breathing the elevated carbon dioxide levels present in NASA vehicles suppresses this signal making stone imaging more difficult. We have since developed imaging countermeasures and pushing and breaking technologies that appear less dependent on cavitation than SWL. [Work supported by NIH P01DK043881, K01DK104854, R01EB007643, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58.]
Phase-change memory enables energy-efficient brain-inspired computing (2019)

As we embark on an era of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing, there is a pressing need for energy-efficient computing systems for highly data-centric AI related applications. It is becoming increasingly clear that to build efficient cognitive computers, we need to transition to novel architectures where memory and processing are better collocated. Computational memory is one such approach where the physical attributes and state dynamics of memory devices are exploited to perform certain computational tasks in place with very high areal and energy efficiency (Fig. 1) [1]. Phase-change memory (PCM) devices based on materials such as Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> are appealing for computational memory owing to their multi-level storage capability and potential scalability. In this paper, we present a brief overview of our work towards enabling energy-efficient brain-inspired computing using PCM.
Allopregnanolone attenuates Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells by reducing oxidative stress. (2015)

Massive accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) has been implicated as a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity include generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), inflammation, and neurons loss. Allopregnano-lone (APα), a neurosteroid derive from neuroactive progesterone, has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in vivo and vitro. In the present study, the effects of APα on oxidative damage in Aβ25-35-treated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were investigated. Pretreatment of APα significantly attenuated Aβ25-35-induced neuronal death. APα decreased the intracellular ROS generation and reduced lipid peroxidation induced by Aβ25-35. In addition, APα treatment enhanced antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. This study demonstrates that APα exerts a protective effect against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. The protective role of APα likely results from inhibition of oxidative stress.
Substituent position dictates the intercalative DNA-binding mode for anthracene-9,10-dione antitumor drugs (1992)

Molecular modeling studies [Islam, S.A., Neidle, S., Gandecha, B.M., Partridge, M., Patterson, L.H., & Brown, J.R. (1985) J. Med. Chem. 28, 857-864] have suggested that anthracene-9,10-dione (anthraquinone) derivatives substituted at the 1,4 and 1,8 positions with-NH(CH2)2NH(CH2CH3)2+ side chains intercalate with DNA with both substituents in the same groove (classical intercalation) while a similarly substituted 1,5 derivative intercalates in a threading mode with one side chain in each groove. Modeling studies also suggested that anthracene-9,10-dione (anthraquinone) derivatives substituted at the 2,6 positions with -NHCO(CH2)R (where R is a cationic group) should bind to DNA by the threading mode, and several such derivatives have been synthesized [Agbandjie, M., Jenkins, T.C., McKenna, R., Reszka, A., & Neidle, S. (1992) J. Med. Chem. 35, 1418-1429]. We have conducted stopped-flow kinetics association and dissociation experiments on the interaction of these anthraquinones with calf thymus DNA and with DNA polymers with alternating AT and GC base pairs to experimentally determine the binding mode and how the threading mode affects intercalation rates relative to similarly substituted classical intercalators. The binding modes, determined by analysis of relative rates, energies of activation, and effects of salt concentration on association and dissociation rate constants, agree completely with the modes predicted by molecular modeling methods. Association and dissociation rate constants for the threading mode are approximately a factor of 10 lower than constants for the classical intercalation mode, and the two modes, thus, have similar binding constants. Variations in rate constants for changes in cationic substituents at the 2 and 6 positions of the anthraquinone ring were surprisingly small.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RCU Usage In the Linux Kernel (2020)

Read-copy update (RCU) is a scalable high-performance synchronization mechanism implemented in the Linux kernel. RCU's novel properties include support for concurrent forward progress for readers and writers as well as highly optimized inter-CPU synchronization. RCU was introduced into the Linux kernel eighteen years ago and most subsystems now use RCU. This paper discusses the requirements that drove the development of RCU, the design and API of the Linux RCU implementation, and how kernel developers apply RCU.
Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions: Strategies To Increase Catalyst Lifetimes (2017)

The palladium complex [(neocuproine)Pd(μ-OAc)]<sub>2</sub>[OTf]<sub>2</sub> (1, neocuproine = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) is an effective catalyst precursor for the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols, vicinal diols, polyols, and carbohydrates. Both air and benzoquinone can be used as terminal oxidants, but aerobic oxidations are accompanied by oxidative degradation of the neocuproine ligand, thus necessitating high Pd loadings. Several strategies to improve aerobic catalyst lifetimes were devised, guided by mechanistic studies of catalyst deactivation. These studies implicate a radical autoxidation mechanism initiated by H atom abstraction from the neocuproine ligand. Ligand modifications designed to retard H atom abstractions as well as the addition of sacrificial H atom donors increase catalyst lifetimes and lead to higher turnover numbers (TON) under aerobic conditions. Additional investigations revealed that the addition of benzylic hydroperoxides or styrene leads to significant increases in TON as well. Mechanistic studies suggest that benzylic hydroperoxides function as H atom donors and that styrene is effective at intercepting Pd hydrides. These strategies enabled the selective aerobic oxidation of polyols on preparative scales using as little as 0.25 mol % of Pd, a major improvement over previous work.
Repurposing of Clinically Developed Drugs for Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2014)

Outbreaks of emerging infections present health professionals with the unique challenge of trying to select appropriate pharmacologic treatments in the clinic with little time available for drug testing and development. Typically, clinicians are left with general supportive care and often untested convalescent-phase plasma as available treatment options. Repurposing of approved pharmaceutical drugs for new indications presents an attractive alternative to clinicians, researchers, public health agencies, drug developers, and funding agencies. Given the development times and manufacturing requirements for new products, repurposing of existing drugs is likely the only solution for outbreaks due to emerging viruses. In the studies described here, a library of 290 compounds was screened for antiviral activity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Selection of compounds for inclusion in the library was dependent on current or previous FDA approval or advanced clinical development. Some drugs that had a well-defined cellular pathway as target were included. In total, 27 compounds with activity against both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV were identified. The compounds belong to 13 different classes of pharmaceuticals, including inhibitors of estrogen receptors used for cancer treatment and inhibitors of dopamine receptor used as antipsychotics. The drugs identified in these screens provide new targets for in vivo studies as well as incorporation into ongoing clinical studies.
Unsupervised Depth Completion from Visual Inertial Odometry (2019)

We describe a method to infer dense depth from camera motion and sparse depth as estimated using a visual-inertial odometry system. Unlike other scenarios using point clouds from lidar or structured light sensors, we have few hundreds to few thousand points, insufficient to inform the topology of the scene. Our method first constructs a piecewise planar scaffolding of the scene, and then uses it to infer dense depth using the image along with the sparse points. We use a predictive cross-modal criterion, akin to `self-supervision,' measuring photometric consistency across time, forward-backward pose consistency, and geometric compatibility with the sparse point cloud. We also launch the first visual-inertial + depth dataset, which we hope will foster additional exploration into combining the complementary strengths of visual and inertial sensors. To compare our method to prior work, we adopt the unsupervised KITTI depth completion benchmark, and show state-of-the-art performance on it. Code available at: https://github.com/alexklwong/unsupervised-depth-completion-visual-inertial-odometry.
Filamentous carbon particles for cleaning oil spills and method of production (2023)

A compact hydrogen generator is coupled to or integrated with a fuel cell for portable power applications. Hydrogen is produced via thermocatalytic decomposition (cracking, pyrolysis) of hydrocarbon fuels in oxidant-free environment. The apparatus can utilize a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, including natural gas, propane, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, crude oil (including sulfurous fuels). The hydrogen-rich gas produced is free of carbon oxides or other reactive impurities, so it could be directly fed to any type of a fuel cell. The catalysts for hydrogen production in the apparatus are carbon-based or metal-based materials and doped, if necessary, with a sulfur-capturing agent. Additionally disclosed are two novel processes for the production of two types of carbon filaments, and a novel filamentous carbon product. The hydrogen generator can be conveniently integrated with high temperature fuel cells to produce an efficient and self-contained source of electrical power.
Effect of Extrusion on the Hydrophilic Antioxidant Capacity of Four Whole Grains (2014)

Cereal grains are generally subjected to thermal treatment before consumption. However, few data are available on total phenolic content (TPC), degree of starch gelatinization, phenolic acids, and antioxidant capacity of extruded whole grains based on trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). Four whole grains, brown rice, wheat, maize, and barley were examined in this study. The free and bound TPCchanged significantly (p < 0.05) after extrusion. Morever, heat and degree of starch gelatinization could affect the bound TPC. In bound fraction, the antioxidant capacity was directly influenced by TPC. Extrusion (110-140Â°C) can retain or improve the antioxidant capacity in its free and bound fractions. Phenolic acids are stable in their bound form. Results showed that the bound TPC and total phenolic acids have a strong relationship against antioxidant capacity, indicating that TPC is the major antioxidant in the bound fraction.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody to Insulin (1986)

To elucidate the immune aspects of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we attempted to generate human monoclonal anti-insulin antibodies by fusing peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 10 insulin-treated IDDM patients with cells from a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Hybridomas that secreted immunoglobulins appeared in 9 of 400 wells. One of these hybridomas secreted anti-insulin antibody of the IgM class. The lymphocytic partner of this hybridoma was obtained from an IDDM patient who had undetectable levels of antibodies to insulin in his serum. Thus, by employing the hybridoma technique, it was possible to reveal the presence of insulin-sensitized B-lymphocytes in a patient who was serologically negative for anti-insulin antibodies. The monoclonal antibody recognized intact human insulin and insulins of other species, but not isolated A- and B-chains. This indicates that the antibody was functionally an autoantibody directed to an epitope formed by the native conformation of a highly conserved portion of the insulin molecule. This is the first report of a human hybridoma antibody to insulin.
Novel checkpointing algorithm for fault tolerance on a tightly-coupled multiprocessor (2001)

The tightly-coupled multiprocessor (TCMP), where specialized hardware maintains the image of a single shared memory, offers the highest performance in a computer system. In order to deploy a TCMP in the commercial world, the TCMP must be fault tolerant. Researchers have designed various checkpointing algorithms to implement fault tolerance in a TCMP. To date, these algorithms fall into 2 principal classes, where processors can be checkpoint dependent on each other. We introduce a new apparatus and algorithm that represents a 3rd class of checkpointing scheme. Our algorithm is distributed recoverable shared memory with logs (DRSM-L) and is the first of its kind for TCMPs. DRSM-L has the desirable property that a processor can establish a checkpoint or roll back to the last checkpoint in a manner that is independent of any other processor. In this paper, we describe DRSM-L, show the optimal value of its principal design parameter, and present results indicating its performance under simulation.
Dual-Band Metasurface Based Nano-Cavities (2015)

Fabry-Pérot nano-cavities with metasurface mirrors are developed to obtain multi-band resonances at the wavelengths that exceed the diffraction limit. Independently tuned resonance bands are thus not limited to the integer multiples of a fundamental tone.
Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation Enables Delivery of Macromolecules over a Wide Range of Molecular Weights in Human CD4+ T Cells (2019)

The modification of CD4+ T cells with exogenous nucleic acids or proteins is a critical step in several research and therapeutic applications, such as HIV studies and cancer immunotherapies. However, efficient cell transfections are not always easily achieved when working with these primary hard-to-transfect cells. While the modification of T cells is typically performed by viral transduction or electroporation, their use is associated with safety issues or cytotoxicity. Vapor nanobubble (VNB) photoporation with sensitizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has recently emerged as a new technology for safe and flexible cell transfections. In this work, we evaluated the potential of VNB photoporation as a novel technique for the intracellular delivery of macromolecules in primary human CD4+ T cells using fluorescent dextrans as model molecules. Our results show that VNB photoporation enables efficient delivery of fluorescent dextrans of 10 kDa in Jurkat (&gt;60% FD10+ cells) as well as in primary human CD4+ T cells (±40% FD10+ cells), with limited cell toxicity (&gt;70% cell viability). We also demonstrated that the technique allows the delivery of dextrans that are up to 500 kDa in Jurkat cells, suggesting its applicability for the delivery of biological macromolecules with a wide range of molecular weights. Altogether, VNB photoporation represents a promising technique for the universal delivery of macromolecules in view of engineering CD4+ T cells for use in a wide variety of research and therapeutic applications.
Automated Reticulocyte Counting by Image Analysisand Flow Cytometry (1989)

We compared reticulocyte levels in 85 patients determined by conventional manual methods and two automated methods, image analysis on the Hematrak 590 and flow cytometry on the Ortho Spectrum. Each automated method showed acceptable correlation with manual determinations over a range of 0.4% to 31% reticulocytes. The Hematrak 590 regression equation was y=0.98x+0.37. The Ortho Spectrum regression equation was y=0.95x+0.87. Automated determination of reticulocyte percentage by image analysis or flow cytometry is an acceptable alternative to manual counts, especially for high-volume laboratories. The advantages of each automated methodology are compared.
Differences in the audio-visual detection of word prominence from Japanese and English speakers. (2013)

We have previously shown that for English speakers information on the mouth shape of a speaker is a powerful feature for the machine based discrimination of prominent from nonprominent words. In this paper we extend our analysis to data from Japanese speakers. We compare the discrimination performance of the different acoustic and visual features we extract for the two languages. This comparison shows a much wider variability in discrimination scores for the different speakers and the different features in the English dataset than in the Japanese dataset. Despite previous hints that visual speech and word prominence perception by Japanese listeners can yield inferior performance compared to English listeners we see that our discrimination scores are high and very similar for the English and Japanese speakers which indicates that at least the speakers signal prominence with a similar level of consistency in both languages.
Virtual Reality Patient Training for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2023)

For many patients, particularly pediatric patients, MRI exams can be intimidating primarily due to the confined space and loud noises. This can result in failed, non-diagnostic, or degraded exams at cost and even risk to the patient. We present a virtual reality application for mobile devices, such as mobile phones, of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging simulation and training software to serve as a tool for medical professionals to prepare children for MRI scans. Initial evaluations show promising results for reducing movement in test subjects and potential for reducing worry or anxiety among individuals preparing for MRI.
Circovirus et pathologies associées chez les animaux (2005)

Les Circovirus representent un des deux genres de la famille des Circoviridae. A ce jour, seuls les suides (porc et sanglier) et les oiseaux ont ete identifies comme leurs hotes. Ils possedent tous un genome a ADN circulaire simple brin d’environ 2 000 nucleotides. Leur ADN contient une sequence nonanucleotidique necessaire pour la replication, flanquee de sequences repetees inversees representant un motif tige-boucle et deux cadres de lecture principaux d’orientation opposee, l’un codant pour la proteine Rep associee a la replication et l’autre pour la proteine de capside Cap. Tous les circovirus decrits a ce jour, excepte le circovirus porcin de type 1 (PCV1), sont associes a des pathologies caracterisees par une immunosuppression ou immunodepression de leur hote. Des lesions histopathologiques, telles que les inclusions intracytoplasmiques dans les macrophages et des depletions lymphocytaires des lymphocytes T et B au niveau des organes lymphoides, sont generalement constatees. Actuellement, aucun moyen de prophylaxie medicale n’est disponible pour prevenir les infections a circovirus.