gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kaempferol Glycosides in Asplenium scolopendvium Newm (1990)

Abstract Five kaempferol glycosides in the fronds of Asplenium scolopendrium were isolated . The structures of three novel flavonol glycosides were determined to be kaempferol 3-O -β-D -glucopyranosyl-( 1→3 )-β -D -(2 -O -caffeoyl)glucopyranoside 7 -O -α -L -rhamnopyranoside , kaempferol 3 -O -β -D -glucopyranosyl-(1→3 )-β -D -glucopyranoside 7 -O -α -L -rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol 3 -O -(2 -O -caffeoyl)-β -D -glucopyranoside 7 -O -α -L -rhamnopyranosideby means of spectral data (FAB-M S, 1 H- 1 H, 1 H - 13 C COSY and 1 H- 13 C long range COSY), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Callipeltoside C. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Acoustic Rendering as Support for Sustained Attention during Biomedical Procedures (1998)

Biomedical procedures of long duration cause mental fatigue and attention deficit. We investigated using sound as a means to support sustained attention during prolonged procedures and analysis. In this paper we present tactical audio as support for precise manual positioning of a surgical instrument, and introduce acoustic rendering as an additional information channel and/or warning signal in EEG analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: [3aR‐(3aα,4α,7α,7aα)] ‐2‐Acetyl‐4,8,8‐trimethylperhydro‐4,7‐methano‐1,2‐benzisoselenazol‐3a‐ol . (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Temporal Neuromodulation of Retinal Ganglion Cells by Low-Frequency Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (2018)

Significant progress has been made recently in treating neurological blindness using implantable visual prostheses. However, implantable medical devices are highly invasive and subject to many safety, efficacy, and cost issues. The discovery that ultrasound (US) may be useful as a noninvasive neuromodulation tool has aroused great interest in the field of acoustic retinal prostheses (ARPs). We have investigated the responsiveness of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to low-frequency focused US stimulation (LFUS) at 2.25 MHz and characterized the neurophysiological properties of US responses by performing in vitro multielectrode array recordings. The results show that LFUS can reliably activate RGCs. The US-induced responses did not correspond to the standard light responses and varied greatly among cell types. Moreover, dual-peak responses to US stimulation were observed that have not been reported previously. The temporal response properties of RGCs, including their latency, firing rate, and response type, were modulated by the acoustic intensity. These findings suggest the presence of a temporal neuromodulation effect of LFUS and potentially open a new avenue in the development of ARP.
A real-time IR navigation system for pleural photodynamic therapy with a 3D surface acquisition system (2023)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used intraoperatively to treat patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. For the efficiency of PDT, it is crucial to deliver light doses uniformly. The current procedure utilizes eight light detectors placed inside the pleural cavity to monitor the light. An updated navigation system, combined with a novel scanning system, is developed to provide real-time guidance for physicians during pleural PDT to improve light delivery. The scanning system consists of two handheld three-dimensional (3D) scanners to capture the pleural cavity's surface topographies quickly and precisely before PDT so that the target surface can be identified for real-time light fluence distribution calculation during PDT. An algorithm is developed to further process the scanned volume to denoise for accurate light fluence calculation and rotate the local coordinate system into any desired direction for a clear visualization during the real-time guidance. The navigation coordinate system is registered to the patient coordinate system utilizing at least three markers to track the light source point position within the pleural cavity throughout the treatment. During PDT, the light source position, the scanned pleural cavity, and the light fluence distribution for the cavity's surface will be displayed in 3D and 2D, respectively. For validation, this novel system is tested using phantom studies with a large chest phantom and 3D-printed lung phantoms of different volumes based on a personal CT scan, immersed in a liquid tissue-simulating phantom with different optical properties, and treated with eight isotropic detectors and the navigation system.
A Thiol-reactive Phenazine Ethosulfate – A Novel Redox Mediator for Quasi-direct Electron-transfer-type Sensors (2022)

A novel redox mediator, thiol-reactive phenazine ethosulfate (trPES), was used to modify an enzyme for the first time for biosensor development. Aerococcus viridans-lactate oxidase (LOx), widely used to study lactate biosensors, was modified with a single trPES molecule. A cysteine mutation was introduced into the vicinity of the LOx cofactor to enable the modification by trPES. LOx cysteine mutants were then successfully modified using trPES, thus acquiring quasidirect electron transfer ability. An electrode immobilized with the trPES-LOx A96L/S210C mutant showed the highest amperometric response currents among the modified LOx cysteine mutants, indicating efficient electron transfer. The position around residues S210 to N212 on the LOx surface (distance <14 from FMN N5) is important for the mediator to access the reduced flavin. Then, the performances of the lactate sensor were improved by utilizing LOx A96L/ S210C modified with trPES and arPES, another redox mediator used to modify a lysine residue. The lactate sensor has a detection range of up to 1 mM, a sensitivity of 6.62 A/mM.cm 2 , and a limit of detection of 9.9 M. Furthermore, Aspergillus flavus-derived FAD glucose dehydrogenase was successfully modified with trPES and the response currents were obtained, showing the versatility of trPES for modifying other oxidoreductases.
<italic>In Vivo</italic> Quantification of the Nonlinear Shear Modulus in Breast Lesions: Feasibility Study (2015)

Breast cancer detection in the early stages is of great importance since the prognosis, and the treatment depends more on this. Multiple techniques relying on the mechanical properties of soft tissues have been developed to help in early detection. In this study, we implemented a technique that measures the nonlinear shear modulus (NLSM) (μ(NL)) in vivo and showed its utility to detect breast lesions from healthy tissue. The technique relies on the acoustoelasticity theory in quasi-incompressible media. In order to recover μ(NL), static elastography and supersonic shear imaging are combined to subsequently register strain maps and shear modulus maps while the medium is compressed. Then, μ(NL) can be recovered from the relationship between the stress, deduced from strain maps, and the shear modulus. For this study, a series of five nonlinear phantoms were built using biological tissue (pork liver) inclusions immersed in an agar-gelatin gel. Furthermore, 11 in vivo acquisitions were performed to characterize the NLSM of breast tissue. The phantom results showed a very good differentiation of the liver inclusions when measuring μ(NL) with a mean value of -114.1 kPa compared to -34.7 kPa for the gelatin. Meanwhile, values for the shear modulus for the liver and the gelatin were very similar, 3.7 and 3.4 kPa, respectively. In vivo NLSM mean value for the healthy breast tissue was of -95 kPa, while mean values of the benign and the malignant lesions were -619 and -806 kPa with a strong v ariability, respectively. This study shows the potential of the acoustoelasticity theory in quasi-incompressible medium to bring a new parameter for breast cancer diagnosis.
Fertility in Male Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease - Results from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). (2004)

Abstract Background: Treatment results in Hodgkin Disease (HD) have improved tremendously over the last two decades. Therefore long term sides effects of therapy as infertility are of growing importance. However, patients (pts) with HD have increased risk for inadequate semen quality even prior to treatment. To investigate the influence of disease and therapy on the fertility status in pts with HD we performed semen and hormone analysis before and after treatment. Patients and Methods: All analysis were evaluated in pts with first diagnosis of HD enrolled into trials of the GHSG between 1988 and 2002, in 40 centers in Europe. Pts had no history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. All analysis were evaluated according to WHO-guidelines. Results: We included 243 male pts with a median age of 26,5 years (range 16–57,5 years). At first diagnosis 138 pts were in clinical stage (CS) I/II, 105 in CS III/IV, and systemic symptoms were present in 106 pts. 202 pts underwent fertility screening before therapy: normospermia was diagnosed in 40 (20%) pts and 162 (80%) had inadequate semen quality. Normal values of FSH, LH, and testosterone were found in 140/151 (93%), 99/125 (79%), and 84/101 (83%) of pts respectively. 112 pts underwent at last one fertility screening after therapy. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy alone in 10 pts, in 9 pts of radiotherapy alone and in 93 pts of combined modality. In 40 (36%) pts a recovery of spermatogenesis was observed. Normal values of FSH, LH, and testosterone after treatment were found in 32/63, 40/51, and 36/40 pts respectively. Table 1 shows time of onset of spermatogenesis and normal values of fertility hormones after the end of therapy. Table 1 1st year 2nd year 3rd year after 3rd year Spermatogenesis (40/112) 7 (18%) 9 (24%) 10 (26%) 14 (32%) Normal FSH (32/63) 8 (25%) 12 (38%) 6 (19%) 6 (19%) Normal LH (40/51) 13 (33%) 16 (40%) 6 (15%) 5 (13%) Normal testosterone (36/40) 17 (47%) 12 (33%) 1 (3%) 6 (17%) Recovery from azoospermia was observed in 8 (89%) pts treated with radiotherapy, in 1 (10%) pt treated with chemotherapy alone and in 31 (33%) pts treated with combined modality. Recovery rate from azoospermia was lower in pts treated with alkylating agents, BEACOPP chemotherapy, with systemic symptoms and elevated BSG. Conclusions: We confirmed that HD pts had inadequate semen quality even prior to treatment. The majority of pts had azoospermia after treatment, but recovery of spermatogenesis was observed, in general 2 years after the end of therapy. Hormone values usually recovered in the first two years. Patient treated with radiotherapy alone recovered in higher frequency. A detailed analysis (including multivariate analyses) will be presented at the annual meeting.
Kernel Feature Selection via Conditional Covariance Minimization (2017)

We propose a method for feature selection that employs kernel-based measures of independence to find a subset of covariates that is maximally predictive of the response. Building on past work in kernel dimension reduction, we show how to perform feature selection via a constrained optimization problem involving the trace of the conditional covariance operator. We prove various consistency results for this procedure, and also demonstrate that our method compares favorably with other state-of-the-art algorithms on a variety of synthetic and real data sets.
Effect of Solvent Quality on the Phase Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Complexes (2020)

The role of polyelectrolyte–solvent interactions, among other non-Coulomb interactions, in dictating the thermodynamics and kinetics of polyelectrolyte complexation is prominent yet sparingly studied. In this article, we present systematic comparisons of the binodal phase behavior of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) comprising polyelectrolytes with varying quality of backbone–solvent interactions. Experimental phase diagrams of polyelectrolyte complexes with either a peptide or an aliphatic backbone highlight the influence of backbone chemistry on the compositions of complexes and their salt resistance. Corresponding theoretical phase diagrams, obtained from a framework combining the random phase approximation and the Flory–Huggins approach, reveal a transition from closed phase boundaries, with confined two-phase regions for PECs in good solvents, to open phase boundaries, wherein two-phase systems are predicted to exist even at very high salt concentrations, for PECs in poor solvents. These predicted trends compare qualitatively well with experimental observations of low salt resistance (∼1 M NaCl) of PECs comprising hydrophilic polyelectrolytes and persistence of complexes, stabilized by short-range hydrophobic interactions, even at very high salt concentrations (∼6 M NaCl) for PECs comprising hydrophobic polyelectrolytes.
Improvement of PMD tolerance for 110Gb/s pol-mux RZ-DQPSK signal with optical pol-dmux using optical PMD compensation and asymmetric symbol-synchronous chirp (2009)

PMD tolerance of 110Gb/s pol-mux RZ-DQPSK signal with receiver using optical pol-dmux is increased from 7ps to 15ps by adoption of asymmetric symbol-synchronous chirp on the signal and optical PMD compensation.
Heat-Stabilized Phospholipid Films:  Film Characterization and the Production of Protein-Resistant Surfaces (2005)

Phospholipid films have been shown in a number of studies to exhibit potential as nonfouling surfaces for biomaterial applications. However, the practical application of such films has been hindered by instability in aqueous solutions and significant detachment under mild shear stresses. Methods for stabilizing lipid films have been investigated, but to date require the presence of specific functional groups or chemical modification of the lipid molecule. In contrast to these methods, we present a process for heat-stabilization of lipid films. These heat-stabilized films have been shown to be able to withstand repeated rinsing without significant detachment. Phosphatidylcholine monolayers were formed on hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers using the liposome fusion method and stabilized at 80 degrees C. The films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy and were shown to be defect free after repeated rinsing. Further experiments using a quartz crystal microbalance showed that the heat-stabilized lipid films were highly resistant to nonspecific protein adhesion and compared very favorably with poly(ethylene glycol)-coated surfaces under identical exposure conditions.
Improvement of Reliability of Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors with N2O Nitrided Gate Oxide and N2O Polysilicon Gate Reoxidation (1998)

A systematic study of the impact of the reliability of metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with N 2 O nitrided gate oxides and N 2 O poly-reoxidation was conducted. The improvements include hot carrier immunity, suppression of reverse short channel effect and suppression of plasma-induced degradation. These improvements are due to nitrogen incorporation at the oxide/Si-substrate interface. All data presented in this study involve substantially low thermal budget (850°C), making this N 2 O-related technology extremely attractive and promising for future scaled devices.
New trends in the synthesis of crystalline microporous materials (2012)

Zeolites and related microporous materials form the most important class of microporous solids due to their practical importance in different technological areas. In spite of the extensive research carried out in previous decades, it is surprising to realize that there is still space for innovation in this area, making microporous crystalline solids special among all classes of materials known today. We illustrate here the most recent advances in the field, focusing on the research topics that, in our opinion, are most likely to provide results of practical interest. Three main topics are discussed: (1) the synthesis of new framework topologies, with particular attention to those having extra-large and/or multidimensional pore systems; (2) the modification of the morphological and textural properties of known zeolites, including the discussion on two-dimensional structures and on the synthesis of nanocrystals and of the hierarchical porous structures; (3) the still poorly explored field of silica-based hybrid organic–inorganic porous crystalline materials (hybrid zeolites). For each of these topics, a selection of the most relevant results reported in the literature is provided together with some considerations on the potentialities and future perspectives.
ChemInform Abstract: Thrombin Receptor (PAR‐1) Antagonists. Heterocycle‐Based Peptidomimetics of the SFLLR Agonist Motif. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator with auto bias control (2008)

We investigate auto-bias control of Mach-Zenhder-modulator-based flat comb generator (MZM-FCG). Ultra-flat frequency comb was generated with a single-stage electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator exhibiting great long-term stability. In this paper applications of the MZM-FCG are also introduced.
Abrogation of Experimental Colitis by Turmeric Correlates with Reduction in NF-kB Nuclear Translocation and COX-2 Expression (2008)

Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the bowel. The available treatment has varying efficacy and are expensive. Consequently, there is a need for alternative agents. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a widely used spice with anti-inflammatory properties. The active principle, called curcumin or diferuloylmethane, has been shown to exhibit numerous activities. It regulates the expression of inflammatory enzymes, cytokines, adhesion molecules and cell survival proteins. Curucmin is a potent inhibitor of the transcription factor Nuclear Factor kB (NF-kB), which regulates the expression of genes that contribute to tumorigenesis, inflammation, cell survival, cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with turmeric ameliorates colonic inflammation histologically and at molecular level in a mouse model of IBD. Methods: SJL/J strain mice with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis were treated for 7 days with 5% turmeric. Body weight and colon length were noted. Histologic analysis was performed following hematoxylin and eosin staining. RT- PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect COX-2, MIP-2, IL-1 beta and NF-kB mRNA and proteins. Results: Mice administered TNBS showed severe signs of persistent inflammation, which was reduced when fed a diet containing turmeric. Body weight was markedly decreased in TNBS treated mice by 21.6%, but only by 9.3% in mice also fed turmeric. TNBS treatment also significantly reduced colon length to 24% when compared to control group but was 97% of controls in mice also treated with turmeric. The histological score was significantly decreased in turmeric (2.1 ± 0.14) treated mice when compared to TNBS alone (3.2 ± 0.2). Weak expression of MIP-2, IL-1 beta and COX-2 was detected in normal colon. Their expression was increased several folds after TNBS exposure while turmeric decreased its expression and brought them back to near normal levels. Caspase-3 levels were also higher in TNBS mice but reduced in turmeric treated mice. Nuclear translocation of NF-kB was significantly higher in TNBS treated colon tissue when compared to controls or turmeric treated groups. Similarly COX-2 expression was significantly higher in TNBS group, while the turmeric treatment brought it back to near normal Conclusion: Administration of turmeric significantly attenuates wasting disease and colonic inflammation induced by TNBS, through inhibition of apoptosis and suppressing the activation of NF-kB. Our findings suggest therapeutic value of turmeric in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Further clinical studies are suggested to explore this beneficial effect
Development of a Highly Precise Micronewton Thrust Balance (2014)

In this paper, we present our ongoing micronewton thrust balance development, which fulfils the laser interferometer space antenna requirements. In the context of the development of highly precise thrusters for attitude control of satellites for future space missions, test facilities for the characterization and qualification of thrusters need to be developed in parallel. The presented thrust balance has a resolution of 0.1 μN in a bandwidth between 1 and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> Hz. As a general measurement principle, we chose a pendulum balance. The setup consists of two pendulums to enable a common mode rejection. To suppress the eigenfrequency of the pendulums, a damping system based on an eddy current brake is part of the balance assembly. A heterodyne laser interferometer is used as the translation sensor. Different measurements were performed to investigate the noise performance of the pendulum. The results are presented and analyzed. The measurement system was used to measure the thrust of a micro-high efficiency multistage plasma thruster.
Optimization of a dual-energy imaging Kinestatic Charge Detector for chest radiography (2004)

The Kinestatic Charge Detector (KCD) technique of projection radiography shows promise when used for dual-energy imaging, which may be performed either by taking two separate exposures at different kVp settings (the dual-kVp method) or by taking a single exposure with the KCD segmented into a front and back region (the split-detector method), as the higher energy photons will be preferentially absorbed in the back region. Using computer simulations, we have optimized the dual-energy performance of a segmented KCD using the split-detector method for chest radiography. Theoretical optimization of imaging parameters and determination of contrast resolution were performed by minimizing pixel variances of the basis materials. The expected contrast resolution of the aluminum and plexiglas basis material images was found to be acceptable for purposes of clinical diagnosis. A detector medium of krypton produced better results than xenon at the same density, and the optimal kVp setting was in the range of 120–150 kVp. Preliminary dual-energy images were taken with a small field-of-view split-detector imaging KCD system. The experimentally obtained aluminum and plexiglas basis material pixel variances agree with the theoretical results.