gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superabsorbent and Fully Biobased Protein Foams with a Natural Cross-Linker and Cellulose Nanofibers (2019)

The development of fully natural wheat gluten foams showing rapid and high uptake of water, sheep blood, and saline solution, while maintaining high mechanical stability in the swollen state, is presented. Genipin was added as a natural and polar cross-linker to increase the polarity of the protein chains, whereas cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were added as a reinforcement/stiffener of the foams, alone or in combination with the genipin. The presence of only genipin resulted in a foam that absorbed up to 25 g of water per gram of foam and a more than 15 g uptake in only 8 min. In contrast, with CNF alone, it was not possible to maintain the mechanical stability of the foam during the water uptake and the protein foam disintegrated. The combination of CNF and genipin yielded a material with the best mechanical stability of the tested samples. In the latter case, the foam could be compressed repeatedly more than 80% without displaying any structural damage. The results revealed that a strong network had formed between the wheat gluten matrix, genipin, and cellulose in the foam structure. A unique feature of the absorbent/foam, in contrast to commercial superabsorbents, was that it was able to rapidly absorb nonpolar liquids (here, <i>n</i>-heptane) due to the open-cell structure. The capillary-driven absorption due to the open-cell structure, the high liquid absorption in the cell walls, and the mechanical properties (both in dry and swollen states) of these natural foams make them interesting as a sustainable replacement for a range of petroleum-based foam materials, including absorbent hygiene products such as sanitary pads.
5G Distributed Massive MIMO with Ultra-High Density Antenna Deployment in Low SHF Bands (2017)

In order to tackle rapidly increasing traffic, dramatic performance enhancements in radio access technologies (RATs) are required for fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system. In 5G, small/semi-macro cells using Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) with much wider bandwidth in higher frequency bands are overlaid on macro cell with existing frequency band. Moreover, high density deployment of small/semi-macro cell is expected to improve areal capacity. However, in low SHF band (below 6GHz), antenna array size of M-MIMO is large so that it cannot be installed on some environments. Therefore, to improve system throughput on various use cases in 5G, we have proposed distributed Massive MIMO (DM-MIMO). DM-MIMO coordinates lots of distributed transmission points (TPs) that are located in ultra-high density (UHD). Furthermore, DM-MIMO uses various numbers of antenna elements for each TP. In addition, DM-MIMO with UHD-TPs can create user-centric virtual cells corresponding to user mobility, and design of flexible antenna deployment for DM-MIMO is applicable to various use cases. Then, some key parameters such as the number of the distributed TPs, the number of antenna elements for each TP, and proper distance between TPs, should be determined. This paper presents such parameters for 5G DM-MIMO with flexible antenna deployment under fixed total transmission power and constant total number of antenna elements. Computer simulations show that DM-MIMO can achieve more than 1.9 times higher system throughput than an M-MIMO system using 128 antenna elements.
Rapid Selective Etching of PMMA Residues from Transferred Graphene by Carbon Dioxide (2013)

During chemical-vapor-deposited graphene transfer onto target substrates, a polymer film coating is necessary to provide a mechanical support. However, the remaining polymer residues after organic solvent rinsing cannot be effectively removed by the empirical thermal annealing in vacuum or forming gas. Little progress has been achieved in the past years, for little is known about the chemical evolution of the polymer macromolecules and their interaction with the environment. Through in situ Raman and infrared spectroscopy studies of PMMA transferred graphene annealed in nitrogen, two main processes are uncovered involving the polymer dehydrogenation below 200 °C and a subsequent depolymerization above 200 °C. Polymeric carbons over the monolayer graphitic carbon are found to constitute a fundamental bottleneck for a thorough etching of PMMA residues. The dehydrogenated polymeric chains consist of active C═C bonding sites that are readily attacked by oxidative gases. The combination of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy reveals the largely improved carbon removal by annealing in oxidative atmospheres. CO2 outperforms other oxidative gases (e.g., NO2, O2) because of its moderate oxidative strength to remove polymeric carbons efficiently at 500 °C in a few minutes while preserving the underlying graphene lattice. The strategy and mechanism described here open the way for a significantly improved oxidative cleaning of transferred graphene sheets, which may require optimization tailored to specific applications.
Hemodynamics inside autologous arteriovenous fistulas. (2013)

International audience
Halogen‐Bond‐Templated [2+2] Photodimerization in the Solid State: Directed Synthesis and Rare Self‐Inclusion of a Halogenated Product (2016)

Abstract A ditopic halogen‐bond acceptor organizes a diiodooctafluorostilbene for a [2+2] photodimerization reaction to take place between two stilbene molecules in the solid state. The resultant cyclobutane product is functionalized with halogen atoms and undergoes self‐assembly to form a channel‐type host–guest compound that exhibits a very rare form of self‐inclusion.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFUSION ON ELUTION PROFILES IN THE PHILPOT- HARWELL ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATOR (1987)

Abstract Annular electrophoresis columns, which can be stabilized against natural convection by using anti-convectant packings (Vermuelen et al., 1971) or by applying a radial stress field (Philpot, 1973), are capable of processing biological material continuously at throughputs of several liters per hour, almost three orders of magnitude greater than planar ‘thin-film’ columns. Despite such advances in equipment design, few models have been developed to predict performance of these devices and all of these models rely on over-simplified descriptions of the column in order to obtain approximate expressions for solute concentrations and fluxes. In this paper, the convection-diffusion equation is used to derive an accurate model of the solute behavior in an annular electrophoresis column. The governing equations are then solved analytically and used to predict particle trajectories in the absence of diffusion and to compute effluent profiles when diffusive effects are important. The results demonstrate that, as one might expect, band location is determined largely by convection and electrophoretic migration while band spreading is controlled by diffusion. Moreover, they indicate that there is a synergistic interaction between diffusion and convection which shifts band location slightly toward the center of the annulus and which reduces dispersion near the stator and increases dispersion near the rotor. Both of the latter effects diminish with decreasing diffusion coefficients.
SU‐DD‐A2‐04: A Simple Method to Reconstruct a Representative Mid‐Ventilation CT Scan From 4D Respiration Correlated CT Scans for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning of Lung Cancer Patients (2006)

Purpose: Four‐dimensional (4D) imaging techniques can be used to obtain (respiration) artifact‐free CT images of the thorax. However, its use in radiotherapy is limited since clinical treatment planning systems are currently not able to use the full 4D data. The purpose of this study was to reconstruct a representative single 3D CT scan from the 4D data set (with tumor closest to the mean position) for use in radiotherapy planning of lung tumors to enable reduction of treatment error margins. Method and Materials: After acquisition of the 4D CT scan (10 frames), the tumor is manually segmented (roughly) in the first frame and automatically (gray‐value) registered to the tumor in the subsequent frames. This gives the motion of the tumor during the respiratory cycle in 3D. Subsequently, from the cranio‐caudal (CC) tumor motion curve, the mean tumor position and its corresponding mid‐ventilation (MV) time‐percentage are calculated. The CT scan for planning is reconstructed at this time‐percentage. As indication of the merit of this concept, its effect on margins from CTV to PTV and on the PTV volume was calculated covering respiratory motion, respiratory baseline variation and setup errors (systematic and random). Results: Based on 13 patients, the worst tumor position accuracy (with respect to the mean tumor position) in the mid‐ventilation CT scan occurred in the anterior‐posterior direction: −0.7±0.8 mm (due to hysteresis). For these patients, the errors in conventional free‐breathing CT were estimated to be 0±3.4 mm (CC) and 0±1.4 mm (AP). The mid‐ventilation concept resulted in margin reduction up to 45% and a PTV volume reduction up to 35%. Conclusion: The mid‐ventilation concept, based on tumor motion, is a simple method to obtain an artifact‐free CT scan with smaller systematic errors compared to conventional CT scans. Significant reduction of the PTV volume can be achieved.
Process liability evaluation for EUVL (2009)

This paper concerns the readiness of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) for high-volume manufacture based on accelerated development in critical areas and the construction of a process liability (PL) test site that integrates results in these areas. The overall lithography performance was determined from the performance of the exposure tool, the printability obtainable with the resist, mask fabrication with accurate critical dimension (CD) control, and correction technology for mask data preparation. The EUV1 exposure tool can carry out exposure over the full field (26 mm × 33 mm) at a resolution high enough for 32-nm line-and-space patterns when Selete Standard Resist 3 (SSR3) is used. Thus, the test site was designed for the full-field exposure of various pattern sizes [half-pitch (hp) 32-50 nm]. The CD variation of the mask was found to be as good as 2.8 nm (3&sigma;); and only one printable defect was detected. The effect of flare on CD variation is a critical issue in EUVL; so flare was compensated for based on the point spread function for the projection optics of the EUV1 and aerial simulations that took resist blur into account. The accuracy obtained when an electronic design automation (EDA) tool was used for mask resizing was found to be very good (error &le; ±2 nm). Metal wiring patterns with a size of hp 32 nm were successfully formed by wafer processing. The production readiness of EUVL based on the integration of results in these areas was evaluated by electrical tests on low-resistance tungsten wiring. The yield for the electrically open test for hp 50 nm (32-nm logic node) and hp 40 nm (22-nm logic node) were found to be over 60% and around 50%, respectively; and the yield tended to decrease as patterns became smaller. We found the PL test site to be very useful for determining where further improvements need to be made and for evaluating the production readiness of EUVL.
Towards sub-30nm Contacted Gate Pitch, Forked Contact and\n Dynamically-Doped Nanosheets to Enhance Si and 2D Materials Device Scaling (2022)

We propose a novel Forked-Contacts, Dynamically-Doped Multigate transistor as\nultimate scaling booster for both Si and 2D materials in aggressively-scaled\nnanosheet devices. Using accurate dissipative DFT-NEGF atomistic-simulation\nfundamentals and cell layout extrinsics, we demonstrate superior and optimal\ndevice characteristics and invertor energy - delays down to sub-30-nm pitches,\ni.e., a 10 nm scaling boost compared to the nanosheet MOSFET references.\n
Supplementary Figure 9 from Discovery of a Mutant-Selective Covalent Inhibitor of EGFR that Overcomes T790M-Mediated Resistance in NSCLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 9 - PDF file 168K, NCI-H1975 parental and CO-1686 resistant clones cluster into distinct groups using an RNA-based EMT signature&lt;/p&gt;
Human ACAT‐1 and ‐2 Inhibitory Activities of Saucerneol B, Manassantin A and B Isolated from Saururus chinensis. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and rationale of a genetic cohort study on congenital cardiac disease: experiences from a multi-institutional platform in Quebec (2011)

We show feasibility and usefulness of a population-based biobank for genetic investigations into the causes of congenital cardiac disease. Heritability of LVOTO is high and could be accounted for by multiple loci. This platform is ideally suited for multiple analysis approaches, including linkage analysis and novel gene sequencing approaches, and will allow to establish segregation of risk alleles at family and population levels.
Photobiomodulation in Human Muscle Tissue for Better Sports (2018)

<strong>11.1 Introduction</strong> Photobiomodulation (PBM) by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) provides several benefits for muscle tissue as evidenced by <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies, and clinical trials. Among these benefits, this chapter covers two recent and very important effects reported in the current literature: 1. the prevention of muscle damage after exercise, including delayed onset muscle soreness; and 2. the improvement of muscle performance (demonstrated by increases in muscle torque, power, or work), workload capacity, fatigue resistance, functional or sport activity, and exercise recovery. Therefore, this chapter covers the majority of clinical trials that have been published up to February 2016 that aimed at increasing muscle performance and exercise recovery or preventing muscle damage with PBM in healthy volunteers/ athletes. Studies with different purposes were not included. The use of PBM to prevent muscle damage has primarily been investigated in animal models, irradiating skeletal muscles before a bout of intense exercise (referred to in this chapter as “muscular pre-conditioning”) and by following the muscle damage with measurements of the creatine kinase (CK) levels in the bloodstream. To the best of our knowledge, the first study that used PBM via LLLT to prevent muscle damage was performed by Lopes-Martins et al. in rats. These authors investigated the effects of different doses of a 655-nm laser (0.5 J/cm[sup[2</sup>, 1.0 J/cm[sup[2</sup>, and 2.5 J/cm[sup[2</sup>) to prevent muscle fatigue and muscle damage (CK) induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation. This study reported a LLLT dose response to decreased CK activity.
InP-Based Device Technologies for Signal Processing Using Ultrafast Frequency Combs (2017)

This paper presents recent results in the design, fabrication, and demonstration of indium phosphide based integrated optoelectronic devices for applications in communications and signal processing. The underlying theme in the design and use of these devices is to exploit the parallelism that manifests itself owing to the availability of a set of stabilized, mutually coherent optical carriers, or optical frequency combs.
Ligand‐Enabled β‐Methylene C(sp3)−H Arylation of Masked Aliphatic Alcohols (2020)

Despite recent advances, reactivity and site-selectivity remain significant obstacles for the practical application of C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H bond functionalization methods. Here, we describe a system that combines a salicylic-aldehyde-derived L,X-type directing group with an electron-deficient 2-pyridone ligand to enable the β-methylene C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H arylation of aliphatic alcohols, which has not been possible previously. Notably, this protocol is compatible with heterocycles embedded in both alcohol substrates and aryl coupling partners. A site- and stereo-specific annulation of dihydrocholesterol and the synthesis of a key intermediate of englitazone illustrate the practicality of this method.
Recovery and conversion of palm olein-derived used frying oil to methyl esters for biodiesel. (2006)

Frying oils (both vegetable oils and animal fats) degrade with use, and beyond the limits, the excessive free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and polar components preclude their further use in food applications, unless they can be purified by very effective adsorbent systems. In this study, four adsorbents: silica gel, activated carbon, aluminium oxide and acid-activated spent bleaching earth were used to reduce some of the poor quality parameters of the oils. Although pre-treatment of used frying oils with these adsorbents could improve the oil quality to a certain extent, the oils could only be used for non-food applications. The FFA and PV of the treated oils subjected to the above adsorbent treatment, were reduced as follows: 33.3% and 65.1%, 6.5% and 7.8%, 30.2% and 20.8%, and 11.8% and 46.9% respectively, and silica gel was found to be the most effective adsorbent. The treated used frying oil was converted into methyl esters as biodiesel. The methyl esters obtained had comparable fuel properties as petroleum diesel. Hence, it can be used as a diesel substitute.
Medical Management of Patients with Renal Artery Stenosis (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Frequency doubling of a 1560 nm diode laser in a periodically-poled waveguide and locking to the Rb D2 lines (1996)

Optical frequency standards operating at 1.55 µm are required for fiber-optic wavelength division multiplexed communication systems and for 'cold start' coherent optical communication. Unfortunately, transitions near 1.55 µm are rare and difficult to probe. One may overcome the difficulties associated with frequency references at 1.55 µm by second harmonic generation (SHG) and locking to Rb D 2 line near 780 nm. This reference was already used to stabilize 1560 nm laser diodes using the internally generated second harmonic of diode lasers and by bulk external SHG in KNbO 3 , however the SHG power levels were in the pW range and the nW range, respectively, hence locking to Doppler broadened line was possible, but the power level was not sufficient for locking to sub-Doppler lines.
Caspase-mediated cleavage of phospholipid flippase for apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure (2014)

Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in the plasma membrane. This asymmetrical distribution is disrupted during apoptosis, exposing phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) on the cell surface. Using a haploid genetic screen in human cells, we found that ATP11C (adenosine triphosphatase type 11C) and CDC50A (cell division cycle protein 50A) are required for aminophospholipid translocation from the outer to the inner plasma membrane leaflet; that is, they display flippase activity. ATP11C contained caspase recognition sites, and mutations at these sites generated caspase-resistant ATP11C without affecting its flippase activity. Cells expressing caspase-resistant ATP11C did not expose PtdSer during apoptosis and were not engulfed by macrophages, which suggests that inactivation of the flippase activity is required for apoptotic PtdSer exposure. CDC50A-deficient cells displayed PtdSer on their surface and were engulfed by macrophages, indicating that PtdSer is sufficient as an "eat me" signal.
Cyclo-Stationary Sensing of OFDM Waveforms in the Presence of Receiver RF Impairments (2010)

Reliable spectrum sensing is the key requirement for secondary users to utilize the spectrum in the absence of primary users. Given the widespread deployment of OFDM modulation in recent and future multimedia broadcasting and wireless broadband services, reliable spectrum sensing of OFDM waveforms is of great interest in cognitive radios. Although feature detection methods outperform energy detection ones, however they are generally more sensitive to RF impairments. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of a non-ideal receiver RF chain on the performance of the Pilot-Aided Cyclo-Stationary Detection (PACSD). Our study demonstrates how the performance of PACSD degrades due phase noise and carrier frequency offset while it is more tolerant to I/Q imbalances.
Properties and structural features of iron doped BABAL glasses (2003)

The chemical durability, density and structure of the BABAL glasses with batch compositions (100-x)(0.30BaO·0.50B2O3·0.20Al2O3)·xFe 2O3 (1 < x < 10 mol%), were investigated using Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray diffraction, Raman and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The chemical durability for the glass of composition 27BaO·45B2O3·18Al 2O3·10Fe2O3 (mol%) at 90 °C in distilled water was 700 times lower than that of iron phosphate glass 40Fe2O3·60P2O 5 (mol%). The Mössbauer spectra indicate the presence of iron (II) and iron (III) in tetrahedral or octahedral coordination. The results obtained from the g ef = 4.3 EPR line are typical of the occurrence of iron (III) occupying substitutional sites and the line g ef = 2.0 is related to the association of two or more Fe ions found in the interstices (or holes occupied by the glass modifier cations) of the glass network. The paths of X-ray diffraction are typical for glasses based in borate glasses. The Raman spectra showed that the boroxol ring disappears with the increase of iron content, concomitant with the appearance of BO4 and tetraborate structural units. At these conditions, an increase of dissolution rate and clustering of iron ions is observed.
Bacteriostatic activity of fluoro-analogues of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole, a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of thiamine (1980)

2-Fluoro-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole and 5-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-methylthiazole have been prepared and the latter converted into a fluoro-analogue of thiamine. All three compounds show bacteriostatic activity against E. coli.
EGR Cooler Performance Monitor - Heuristic Approaches Using Temperature Measurement (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper investigates model free approaches to monitor the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) for a diesel engine equipped with EGR cooler and EGR cooler bypass valve. A conventional way of monitoring the EGR cooler is a model based approach which involves modeling the EGR cooler effectiveness and compares the modeled (estimated) EGR cooler effectiveness (or EGR cooler downstream temperature) and the measured EGR cooler effectiveness (or EGR cooler downstream temperature). The model based approach has the advantage of being portable across many different cooler configurations, but it requires modeling/calibration efforts and necessary temperature measurements.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The EGR cooler downstream temperature serves several roles. It can be used together with the fresh air temperature to calculate the charge air temperature. It also can be utilized to monitor the performance of the EGR cooler as mentioned above. The EGR cooler downstream temperature model can enhance the high frequency content of the temperature sensor, but its main use is for diagnostics. Instead of using the model, this paper proposes heuristic approaches to monitor the EGR cooler performance using the EGR cooler downstream temperature. The robustness of the proposed approaches is examined using experimental data and the applicability to EGR cooler performance monitor is illustrated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;