gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic image-driven segmentation of cardiac ventricles in cine anatomical MRI (2005)

The automatic segmentation of the heart's two ventricles from dynamic
(cine) cardiac anatomical images, such as 3D+time short-axis MRI, is of significant clinical importance. Previously published automated
 methods have various disadvantages for routine clinical use. This work reports about a novel automatic segmentation method that is very fast, and robust against anatomical variability and image contrast variations. The method is mostly image-driven: it fully exploits the information provided by modern 4D (3D+time) balanced Fast Field Echo (bFFE) cardiac anatomical MRI, and makes only few and plausible assumptions about the images and the imaged heart. Specifically, the method does not need any geometrical shape models nor complex gray-level appearance models. The method simply uses the two ventricles' contraction-expansion cycle, as well as the ventricles' spatial coherence along the time dimension. The performance of the cardiac ventricles segmentation method was demonstrated through a qualitative visual validation on 32 clinical exams: no gross failures for the left-ventricle (right-ventricle) on 32 (30) of the exams were found. Also, a clinical validation of resulting quantitative cardiac functional parameters was performed against a manual quantification of 18 exams; the automatically computed Ejection Fraction (EF) correlated well to the manually computed one: linear regression with RMS=3.7% (RMS expressed in EF units).
Abstract B166: Defining the mechanism of action and enzymatic selectivity of psammaplin A against its epigenetic targets. (2011)

Abstract Naturally isolated products continue to play a significant role in anticancer drug discovery. In line with our interest in small molecule compounds which effect epigenetic gene regulation, we are interested in the structural and biological properties of the natural product Psammaplin A. While it has been implicated as an inhibitor of numerous targets such as mycothiol-S-conjugate amidase, topoisomerase II and aminopeptidase N, studies by Crews and co-workers showed it to be an extremely potent inhibitor of both histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes. Our goal was to establish structure-activity relationships around psammaplin A, probing the molecular features responsible for the chemical biology of this natural product. We developed a number of versatile synthetic routes towards small compound libraries based on the psammaplin core [1]. We subsequently assessed the activity of these compounds against a selection of histone deacetylases, DNMT1, and in cell based assays. Analysis of the data revealed psammaplin A to be a natural prodrug; the central disulphide being reduced to a free thiol. Indeed, we showed the corresponding thiol not only to be a potent inhibitor of HDAC1 (IC50 0.001 μM), but to have remarkable selectivity against HDAC6 (IC50 0.360 μM), HDAC7 (IC50 17.4 μM) and HDAC8 (IC50 1.34 μM) in cell-free assays. Cell-based (MCF7) studies confirmed the HDAC targeting potential of psammaplin A and confirmed the selectivity observed in vitro. Curiously, our psammaplin A derivatives demonstrated no activity against DNMT1 in cell-free assays. Taken together with other reports, this data suggests psammaplin A may not be an inhibitor of DNMT1 as previously reported. In conclusion, we have explored the epigenetic activity of psammaplin A and have found it to have significant potency and selectivity against HDACs, whereas we find no evidence for DNMT1 activity. Reference: 1. “New synthetic strategies towards Psammaplin A, access to natural product analogues” Baud, M. G. J.; Leiser, T.; Meyer-Almes, F.-J.; Fuchter, M. J. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2011, 9, 659–662. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B166.
Trivalent Chromium Process (TCP) as a Sealer for MIL-A-8625F Type II, IIB, and IC Anodic Coatings (2008)

This report documents evaluations of trivalent chromium compositions (TCP) as sealers for MIL-A-8625F Type II, IIB, and IC anodic coatings conducted from March 2001 through December 2007 by Materials Engineering, AIR-4.3.4, at NAWCAD Patuxent River, Maryland, and the In-Service Support Center at Fleet Readiness Center (FRC) Southeast, Jacksonville, Florida. Key performance criteria evaluated are bare, or unpainted, corrosion resistance in ASTM B 117 neutral salt fog (NSF) and ASTM G 85 Annex 4 acidified salt fog (SO2 SF), painted corrosion resistance in NSF and SO2 SF, and paint adhesion. The performance of TCP as a sealer was compared to standard sealers like dichromate and water which are commonly used in aerospace and other industries. Paint adhesion was performed with commonly used high-solids and water-borne chromated and chromate-free primers qualified to MIL-PRF-23377 and MIL-PRF-85582. In these series of evaluations, TCP performs as good as or better than chromate in corrosion resistance and equal to chromate in paint adhesion. TCP is far superior to water for sealing. An additional benefit is that the TCP is applied at ambient conditions for 5 to 10 min. Chromate and water sealers are applied at 190 deg F to 200 deg F for up to 25 min.
High performance incandescent light bulb using a selective emitter and nanophotonic filters (2017)

Previous approaches for improving the efficiency of incandescent light bulbs (ILBs) have relied on tailoring the emitted spectrum using cold-side interference filters that reflect the infrared energy back to the emitter while transmitting the visible light. While this approach has, in theory, potential to surpass light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in terms of luminous efficiency while conserving the excellent color rendering index (CRI) inherent to ILBs, challenges such as low view factor between the emitter and filter, high emitter (&gt;2800 K) and filter temperatures and emitter evaporation have significantly limited the maximum efficiency. In this work, we first analyze the effect of non-idealities in the cold-side filter, the emitter and the view factor on the luminous efficiency. Second, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the loss in efficiency associated with low view factors can be minimized by using a selective emitter (e.g., high emissivity in the visible and low emissivity in the infrared) with a filter. Finally, we discuss the challenges in achieving a high performance and long-lasting incandescent light source including the emitter and filter thermal stability as well as emitter evaporation.
A feasibility study for gait training with foot-floor contact angle feedback (2019)

Background and Aim: Slip events are responsible for up to 20% of falls and often result in severe injuries, and significant mortality and morbidity. Prior research has revealed several factors that ...
Microsample Analyses Via DBS: Challenges and Opportunities (2013)

The use of DBS is an appealing approach to employing microsampling techniques for the bioanalysis of samples, as has been demonstrated for the past 50 years in the metabolic screening of metabolites and diseases. In addition to its minimally invasive sample collection procedures and its economical merits, DBS microsampling benefits from the very high sensitivity, selectivity and multianalyte capabilities of LC-MS, which has been especially well demonstrated in newborn screening applications. Only a few microliters of a biological fluid are required for analysis, which also translates to significantly reduced demands on clinical samples from patients or from animals. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry and other arenas have begun to explore the utility and practicality of DBS microsampling. This review discusses the basis for why DBS techniques are likely to be part of the future, as well as offering insights into where these benefits may be realized.
Controlled gas exchange in whole lung bioreactors (2017)

In cellular, tissue-level or whole organ bioreactors, the level of dissolved oxygen is one of the most important factors requiring control. Hypoxic environments may lead to cellular apoptosis, while hyperoxic environments may lead to cellular damage or dedifferentiation, both resulting in loss of overall tissue function. This manuscript describes the creation, characterization and validation of a bioreactor system that can control oxygen delivery based on real-time metabolic demand of cultured whole lung tissue. A mathematical model describing and predicting gas exchange within the tunable bioreactor system is developed. In addition, the inherent gas exchange properties of the bioreactor and the inherent oxygen consumption rates of native rat lungs are determined, thereby providing a quantitative relationship between system parameters and levels of dissolved oxygen. Finally, the mathematical model is validated during whole lung culture under a range of system parameters. The system presented here provides a quantitative relationship between the concentration of dissolved oxygen, tissue oxygen consumption rates, and controllable system parameters that introduce gasses into the bioreactor. This relationship not only enables the maintenance of constant levels of dissolved oxygen throughout a culture period during which cells are replicating, but also provides noninvasive and real-time estimation of the metabolic and proliferative states of native or engineered lung tissue simply through dissolved oxygen measurements. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Effects of HER Family–targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Densitometry analysis for Figure 6B&lt;/p&gt;
Immersion Lithography (2021)

Immersion lithography is a dark horse. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS)—documents adopted by all equipment and material suppliers—together with semiconductor manufacturing companies reduced the actinic wavelength from 436 nm to 365 nm, 248 nm, 193 nm, 157 nm, then 13.4 nm. The 436- and 365-nm wavelengths are two prominent lines produced by the mercury arc lamp. The 248-, 193-, and 157-nm wavelengths are generated by XeCl, KrF, and F<sub>2</sub> excimer lasers, respectively, followed by 13.4-nm EUV light, initially generated by Xe plasma, and then enhanced by switching to Sn plasma.
Femtosecond ultraviolet laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics (1999)

The micromachining of composite materials using excimer lasers has not yet been the subject of in depth investigations. In this work the authors studied the ablation behavior of Al2O3–34 wt % TiC composite ceramic using 500 fs laser pulses at 248 nm. It was found that the roughness does not change significantly with the number of pulses for constant laser fluences. The ablation rate decreases with increasing number of pulses reaching a stationary regime after 100 pulses. Characterization of the machined areas by scanning electron microscopy showed that a globular topography is responsible for the roughness of the samples. Increasing the laser fluence up to 12 J/cm2 increases the ablation rate for a constant number of pulses and decreases the surface roughness. At this fluence the measured roughness Ra was around 0.1 μm, when the original surface had a Ra≈0.05 μm. Chemical changes of the irradiated surface were investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy. Based on these results ablation mechanisms are suggested. Machining of submicron structures on the material is presented. Periodic line structures with line spacing below 520 nm were produced on the surface by multiple laser shot exposure. By using such structures one can identify different ablation thresholds for the constituents of the ceramic composite. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the surface topography.
Link quality analysis in the presence of blockages for analog beamformed mm-wave channel (2016)

Future systems of the 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation are slated to use the mm-wave bands due to the large slices of bandwidth available at those frequencies. Relative to the contemporary microwave bands, to compensate for the harsh propagation conditions, highly directional communication using beamforming methods is necessary to achieve a level of reliable communication, however minimal. Due to the fragile nature of directional communication (especially in dense urban environments or high mobility environments), there is a need to understand the effect of blockages on the system performance. Blockages on links (post beamforming) necessitate time and power expensive mechanisms such as beam adaptation or even re-training the beam setup. In systems aiming for less than 1ms latency, this can be impracticable. While the channel modeling effort for mm-wave bands is underway, the nature of environmental blockages for outdoor cellular communications is still not well understood. In this paper, to study the impact of blockages, in addition to the real-world challenges of mm-wave communications, we propose a hierarchical blockage model where, an arbitrary path (LOS or NLOS) undergoes a blockage with probability p (model parameter) independent of the other paths. Our results show that, even in the event of an unblocked LOS, there is a notable degradation in the received SNR. We also show that the increase in the path loss due to a severe level of environmental blockages is about 15dB relative to environments with a low level of blockages, for a distance of 150m which is approximately the envisioned cell radius for 5G cellular systems. Thus implying that, the range of reliable communication shrinks in the presence of environmental blockages.
Boosting Efficiency of Near‐Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Os(II)‐Based Pyrazinyl Azolate Emitters (2019)

Abstract Tremendous effort has been devoted to developing novel near‐infrared (NIR) emitters and to improving the performance of NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Os(II) complexes are known to be an important class of NIR electroluminescent materials. However, the highest external quantum efficiency achieved so far for Os(II)‐based NIR OLEDs with an emission peak wavelength exceeding 700 nm is still lower than 3%. A new series of Os(II) complexes ( 1 – 4 ) based on functional pyrazinyl azolate chelates and dimethyl(phenyl)phosphane ancillaries is presented. The reduced metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition energy gap of pyrazinyl units in the excited states results in efficient NIR emission for this class of metal complexes. Consequently, NIR OLEDs based on 1 – 4 show excellent device performance, among which complex 4 with a triazolate fragment gives superior performance with maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.5% at peak wavelength of 710 nm, which represent the best Os(II)‐based NIR‐emitting OLEDs with peak maxima exceeding 700 nm.
Transparent conductive electrodes of mixed TiO2−x–indium tin oxide for organic photovoltaics (2012)

A transparent conductive electrode of mixed titanium dioxide (TiO2−x)–indium tin oxide (ITO) with an overall reduction in the use of indium metal is demonstrated. When used in organic photovoltaic devices based on bulk heterojunction photoactive layer of poly (3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester, a power conversion efficiency of 3.67% was obtained, a value comparable to devices having sputtered ITO electrode. Surface roughness and optical efficiency are improved when using the mixed TiO2−x–ITO electrode. The consumption of less indium allows for lower fabrication cost of such mixed thin film electrode.
The Structure of MS-3: A Glyoxalase I Inhibitor Produced by a Mushroom (1975)

Journal Article The Structure of MS-3: A Glyoxalase I Inhibitor Produced by a Mushroom Get access Shyogo Kurasawa, Shyogo Kurasawa Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Naganawa, Hiroshi Naganawa Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tomio Takeuchi, Tomio Takeuchi Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hamao Umezawa Hamao Umezawa Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 10, 1 October 1975, Pages 2009–2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1975.10861885 Published: 01 October 1975 Article history Received: 19 May 1975 Published: 01 October 1975
Synthesis, Characterization, and Some Reactions of the Tricarbonylchromium Complexes of 1,3-Indandione and Ninhydrin (1999)

The syntheses and characterization of the tricarbonylchromium complexes of 1,3-indandione and ninhydrin are described. As the direct complexation proved unsuccessful, the acetal route was tried. Although some complexes were obtained, complex deacetalization did not work in the case of ninhydrin. Finally, the oxidation of tricarbonyl(η6-1,3-indandione)chromium(0) with dimethyldioxirane gave the ninhydrin complex in 75% yield in equilibrium with the indantrione complex. The latter reacts in hetero Diels-Alder reactions with dienes with diastereoselective formation of spiro anellated pyran derivatives.
Retreatment (reTx) of patients (pts) with refractory large B-cell lymphoma with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) in ZUMA-1. (2020)

8012 Background: Axi-cel, an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, is approved in the US and EU for pts with relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphoma after ≥ 2 prior therapies. In the ZUMA-1 pivotal study (NCT02348216), the objective response rate (ORR) was 83% (58% complete response [CR] rate; Locke et al. Lancet Oncol. 2019). While axi-cel has demonstrated durable responses in a subset of pts, approximately half of all responders relapsed, and little is known on the viability of reTx with CAR T cell therapy. Here we report outcomes of pts retreated with axi-cel in ZUMA-1. Methods: Pts with progressive disease (PD) were eligible for reTx if there was no evidence of CD19 loss by local review, and if during 1st Tx they did not experience any dose-limiting toxicities, as defined in Phase 1, or comparable toxicities in Phase 2. Pts received the same regimen at reTx as at 1st Tx: 2 × 10 6 CAR T cells/kg after conditioning chemotherapy. Results: Thirteen pts in Cohorts 1 – 4 received axi-cel reTx. Prior to 1st Tx, most pts (69%) had an IPI score 3-4, 85% had disease stage 3-4, and the median number of prior regimens was 3 (range, 2 – 6). At first Tx, 6 pts achieved a CR, 6 achieved partial response (PR), and 1 pt had stable disease (SD) prior to PD. Median duration of first response was 96 days (range, 56 – 274). There was no Grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS; 6 pts each had Grade 1 and 2). There were no Grade 4 or 5 neurologic events (NEs; 2 pts had Grade 1, 1 had Grade 2, and 7 had Grade 3). Upon reTx, 54% of pts achieved response (4 CR, 3 PR). Response to reTx was more common among pts who achieved CR at 1st Tx (83%; 4/6 CR, 1 PR, 1 SD) than in pts who achieved PR at 1st Tx (33%; 2/6 PR, 1 SD, 3 PD), and no response was observed in the pt with SD at 1st Tx. Median duration of response at reTx was 81 days (range, 1 – 225+). Response with reTx was longer than that with 1st Tx for 2 pts. One pt remains in response 255 days post-reTx. Comparable rates of CRS were observed with reTx as with 1st Tx. Compared with 1st Tx, fewer pts experienced NEs with reTx, and those that did occur were of lower grade: 23% (3 of 13 pts) had Grade 3; 23% (3 of 13 pts) had Grade 1, and 8% (1 of 13 pts) had Grade 2. Peak CAR T cell expansion was lower upon reTx vs 1st Tx (median, 4.3 vs 66.1 CAR gene-marked cells/µL blood). Conclusions: Based on this limited sample size, reTx with axi-cel may have clinical efficacy, although transient, in some pts, especially those who achieve CR with 1st Tx. CAR T cell expansion and severe CRS and NEs may be attenuated at reTx. Further studies with additional pts are needed to confirm these results. Clinical trial information: NCT02348216 .
Video game play, attention, and learning (2014)

The possibility of enhancing attentional control through targeted interventions, be it computerized training or self-regulation techniques, is now well established. Embedding such training in video game play is appealing, given the astounding amount of time spent by children and adults worldwide with this media. It holds the promise of increasing compliance in patients and motivation in school children, and of enhancing the use of positive impact games. Yet for all the promises, existing research indicates that not all games are created equal: a better understanding of the game play elements that foster attention and learning as well as of the strategies developed by the players is needed. Computational models from machine learning or developmental robotics provide a rich theoretical framework to develop this work further and address its impact on developmental disorders.
Determination of Photonic Band Gaps and Dispersion in Two-Dimensional Dielectric Arrays with Ultrafast Electromagnetic Transients (1992)

Coherent scattering of radiation in periodic dielectric structures results in an electromagnetic dispersion relation which exhibits novel features such as new propagation modes and photonic band gaps. The latter topic has received much current attention for a variety of fundamental and practical reasons [1,2]. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation of the electromagnetic dispersion relation in such structures has become relatively sophisticated. However, experimental verification using traditional microwave techniques has been limited to determining the frequencies which define the gaps and to study localized defect modes. Here, we present the dispersion relation of a periodic dielectric array measured explicitly using the coherent microwave transient spectroscopy (COMITS) technique [3,4]. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions obtained using the plane-wave expansion technique [5].