gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of ET-1 production of cultured endothelial cells isolated from human brain microvessel: effect of cytokines, and lipoprotein(a) (2000)

Conclusions: RH, a physiological vasodilator response to ischemia, is associated with an immediate, dose-related and selective t-PA release from endothelial cells. Thus, a general relationship seems to exist between local vasomotion and fibrinolytic control in man, possibly as a result of stimulation by endogenous agonists produced in response to blood flow reduction, although vasodilatation per se may also contribute by increasing shear stress.
Discovering Drugs for the Treatment of Ebola Virus (2017)

Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endoresed by the U.S. Army.
Embedded Capacitor Technology Using Aerosol Deposition (2009)

Embedded passives, which achieve miniaturization, cost reduction, and higher performance, are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for a future RF module substrate. Currently, a BaTiO 3 /Polymer composite is being used for the embedded capacitors in printed wiring boards. One of the drawbacks of this composite is its relatively low dielectric constant, because the polymer component with a low dielectric constant suppresses the dielectric constant of the whole composite. We propose a resin build‐up circuit board with passive functions embedded in a ceramic film without any polymer component for the next‐generation low‐cost RF modules. We have already manufactured a prototype board with ceramic capacitors embedded in an FR‐4 substrate using a unique ceramic deposition technology: aerosol deposition (ASD) in which many kinds of ceramics can be deposited on a substrate at room temperature by making use of accelerated ceramic nanoparticle aerosol bombardment with a nozzle. In this study, first we examine the effects of the characteristics of raw ceramic powder on the crystal structure and the dielectric properties of ASD films. As a result, we confirmed that dense BaTiO 3 dielectric films can be deposited when raw powder without strain is used. From the resulting polarization versus electrical field ( P – E curve), we confirmed that paraelectric was observed in the dense films, while the porous BaTiO 3 films deposited using milled powder exhibit a small hysteresis loop. We also clarified that dense BaTiO 3 dielectric films exhibit a nanostructure with a texture consisting of particles under 10 nm in diameter. We also examine the interfacial behavior between BaTiO 3 dielectric films and the Cu electrode, in order to investigate the deposition temperature and the reliability of a BaTiO 3 ASD film under high temperature (250°C), high humidity (100 Rh%), thermal cycle condition (−55°C to 150°C), and bias DC voltage (5 V). We clarified that the BaTiO 3 ASD film satisfies the criteria of reliability in the microelectronic packaging area.
Mechanics of a scalable high frequency flapping wing robotic platform capable of lift-off (2016)

Building upon prior work, the development of a scalable high frequency flapping wing robotic test platform is presented. Weighing 4.0 grams and operating at frequencies in excess of 90Hz, the platform is capable of generating a lift-to-weight ratio of approximately 1.3 and demonstrated lift-off tethered to an external power supply. From a previous electromagnetic actuator design, the coil cross-section profile was reshaped and “virtual spring” magnets were relocated to reduce mass and improve overall efficiency. Conducting experiments on a set of reconfigured actuators paired back-to-back, a magnetic interaction torque was discovered coupling the response of the combine system. Investigations into this interaction revealed a wing-to-wing synchronization effect accounting for asymmetries in the individual actuators and resulted in a system equilibria bifurcation with decreases to their separation distance. The coupling of the combined system bears a striking resemblance to the biomechanical linkage system in Dipteran flies which has also been shown to result in the synchronization of asymmetric wings. With the current embodiment of the robotic platform serving as a proof-of-concept for later iterations, a scaling of the system to the order of insects is predicted to have lift-to-weight ratios near two and will be the target for future work.
Electromechanical Limits of Polymersomes (2001)

Self-assembled membranes of amphiphilic diblock copolymers enable comparisons of cohesiveness with lipid membranes over the range of hydrophobic thicknesses d = 3-15 nm. At zero mechanical tension the breakdown potential V(c) for polymersomes with d = 15 nm is 9 V, compared to 1 V for liposomes with d = 3 nm. Nonetheless, electromechanical stresses at breakdown universally exhibit a V(c)(2) dependence, and membrane capacitance shows the expected strong d dependence, conforming to simple thermodynamic models. The viscous nature of the diblock membranes is apparent in the protracted postporation dynamics.
Retro-fitting VP8 in existing hardware IPs: Approach and considerations (2013)

The document, which includes three blank pages, was not presented at the conference and therefore was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Effect of Diluents in Controlling Sediment Formation During Catalytic Hydrocracking of Kuwait Vacuum Residue (2005)

Abstract Conversion of low-value petroleum residues to high-value distillates by catalytic hydrocracking has gained considerable importance in recent years. One of the common operating problems encountered in the process is the formation of coke-like sediments in the products. The carbonaceous sediment materials usually deposit on the reactor and downstream vessels as well as on catalyst surface and cause both operability and rapid catalyst deactivation problems. Prevention or suppression of coke-like sediment deposition is highly desirable alleviate equipment fouling problems and to attain high conversions in residue hydrocracking operations. In the present work, the influence of adding some aromatics-rich gas oil streams, such as heavy cycle gas oil (HCGO) and light cycle oil (LCO), produced in the FCC units to vacuum residue on various conversions as well as on sediment formation was investigated. The results revealed that mixing aromatics-rich gas oils with vacuum residue feed was very effective in reducing sediment formation even at very high conversion levels (> 80%). The diluents, however, did not have any appreciable benefits in improving the yield of distillates and the extent of other hydrotreating reactions. The results are consistent with the asphaltenes phase separation mechanism. The addition of aromatics-rich diluents may improve the solubility of the asphaltene cores in the product oil medium and control the onset of their precipitation.
Expression of the gene for hematopoietic cell specific protein is not restricted to cells of hematopoietic origin (2005)

Hematopoietic cell line specific protein (HS1) is an intracellular signaling protein that has been reported as specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. HS1 is known as a major substrate of protein-tyrosine kinases following activation by B-cell or T-cell receptor complexes. We report the first evidence that HS1 is also expressed in a variety of tissues different from hematopoietic tissues by using sensitive expression analysis including real-time quantitative RT-PCR. While former studies on HS1-expression were mostly limited to cells of hematopoietic origin, we screened a larger number of human tissues including tumor samples. Normal lung tissue showed a high degree of HS1 expression, second to the expression of hematopoietic cells. Expression of HS1 in tumor tissues was also clearly detectable. Our findings suggest that the signaling protein HS1 is involved in pathways different from the ones that have a specific role in the intracellular processes of hematopoietic cells.
EO characteristics for a photoaligned VA‐1/4 π cell on a photopolymer layer (2002)

Abstract— The generation of a liquid‐crystal (LC) tilt angle on a copolymer with chalconyl and cholesteryl moiety characteristics was performed, and the electro‐optical (EO) performance of the photoaligned vertical‐alignment (VA) 1/4 π cell by polarized UV exposure on a homeotropic photopolymer surfaces was studied. The LC tilt angles decreased as UV exposure time increased on the copolymer surfaces. A tilt angle of 87° in NLC was observed with an UV exposure of 3 min on the photoalignment‐2 surface. The LC tilt angle is attributed to increased chalcone moiety with increasing UV exposure time. Excellent voltage‐transmittance ( V‐T ) curves of the photoaligned VA 1/4 π cell by polarized UV exposure on the photopolymer surface for 3 min containing a cholesteryl moiety of 8% were obtained. The V‐T and response‐time characteristics can be improved by the presence of a cholesteryl moiety in the photopolymer.
A simplified method to determine [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in human plasma (1999)

[99mTc]TRODAT-1 is a useful imaging agent in evaluating changes in presynaptic dopamine transporters (DAT) for Parkinson's disease and other central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative diseases, for which a reduction of dopamine neurons is indicated. As part of an effort to establish a quantitative single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) procedure for imaging CNS DAT, measurement of nonmetabolized [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in human plasma was investigated. After an intravenous injection of [99mTc]TRODAT-1, there are three possible radioactive components in human plasma: hydrophilic compounds (pertechnetate, etc.), lipophilic metabolite(s), and unchanged [99mTc]TRODAT-1. Based on the differences in lipophilicity of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 and its lipophilic metabolite [99mTc]BAT, a new quantitative method for measuring [99mTc]TRODAT-1 with a simple solvent extraction method was developed. Various organic solvents or mixtures of solvents were tested, among which cyclohexane gave the best extraction yield for [99mTc]TRODAT-1 (76.06 +/- 3.32%) with a low extraction for [99mTc]BAT (2.43 +/- 0.82%). Extractions of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 and [99mTc]BAT mixtures in different predetermined ratios to simulate the actual human plasma samples with cyclohexane from phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH 8.0) were evaluated. The experimentally obtained ratios were in good agreement with the theoretical ratios. To investigate further the possibility of replacing the previously established high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with the new solvent extraction method for the clinical application, both HPLC and extraction methods were used side by side to determine the unchanged [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in human plasma samples during [99mTc]TRODAT-1/SPECT imaging studies. The results from four human subjects showed that both methods consistently produced similar values for unchanged [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in the plasma samples. This improved solvent extraction method provides an easy and reliable technique to quantify unchanged [99mTc]TRODAT-1 in human plasma, thus making the clinical application of this agent readily available for quantitation of the DAT binding sites in the brain by SPECT imaging.
Development of an adjustable pipe-foot model of a labial organ pipe (2008)

In order to understand the physical processes involved in the build-up of the sound signal in a pipe (in our case a labial organ pipe) a pipe-foot model has been developed, with which the main important parameters, such as positions of the lower- and upper-labium, the wind pressure in the foot and the width of the flue can be adjusted. Moreover, different types of languids and pipe bodies (resonators) can be attached to the model. For the reason of corresponding to a real metal organ pipe these parts of the model are made of “organ metal.” The reproducibility of measurements is provided by the micrometer screws applied for the adjustments. Flow and edge-tone measurements were carried out with the help of this model. A comparison with real organ pipes gives some indications for the range of the parameters. Because of the flexible adjustments and the large range of values of every parameter, it is possible to find different ranges with varying parameter settings for the occurrence of the edge-tone. The analysis of these measurement results shows the dependency of the edge-tone of the adjusted parameters.
Early-stage power grid analysis for uncertain working modes (2004)

High performance integrated circuits are now reaching the 100-plus watt regime, and power delivery and power grid signal integrity have become critical. Analyzing the performance of the power delivery system requires knowledge of the the current drawn by the functional blocks that comprise a typical hierarchical design. However, current designs are of such complexity that it is difficult for a designer to determine what a realistic worst-case switching pattern for the various blocks would be in order to maximize noise at a specific location. This paper uses information about the power dissipation of a chip to derive an upper bound on the worst-case voltage drop at an early stage of design. An exact ILP method is first developed, followed by an effective heuristic to speed up the exact method. A circuit of 43K nodes is analyzed within 70 seconds, and the worst-case scenarios found correlate well with the results from an ILP solver.
Two preparations for the study of the isolated rabbit oviduct (1981)

When rabbit oviducts were slit open along their length, cut into small pieces, and incubated in Krebs--Ringer--bicarbonate medium, the tissue slices took up O2 at a steady rate for 40 min, retained approximately 70% of their adenine nucleotides, and were suitable for metabolic studies of the oviduct. In a second preparation, oxygenated Krebs--Ringer--bicarbonate medium was recirculated at 700 microliters/min through the lumen of the whole oviduct, severed of its blood supply, while the serosal surface was bathed in a similar medium. The preparation took up O2, maintained a steady potential difference across its mucosal and serosal surfaces, and transported 2-deoxy D-glucose selectively for at least 40 min. In oviducts taken from rabbits injected 3 days previously with hCG, there was greater than 4-fold increase in the initial transmural potential difference.
Figure S4 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (2023)

Figure S4 from Distinguishing Tumor from Associated Fibrosis to Increase Diagnostic Biopsy Yield with Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography
Traumatic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear and Its Implications on Meniscal Degradation: A Preliminary Novel Lapine Osteoarthritis Model (2009)

The meniscus plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the knee. Damage to the meniscus can influence proprioception, stability, and mobility of the knee [1]. Risk factors of meniscal tears include prolonged or repeated deep knee bending, obesity, and sporting injuries [2]. Acute injury, as seen in alpine sports, involves complex dynamics which can damage singular or multiple tissue structures of the knee [2]. It is not uncommon for meniscal injuries to occur in conjunction with ACL lesions, and the loading imbalance that results in ACL lesions may also initiate meniscal tears [3, 4]. Investigations of meniscal tears following ACL rupture have indicated chronic damage to medial menisci more so than lateral menisci [5]. However, experimental studies of acute damage following ACL transection are not consistent, with some showing more lateral damage acutely and some showing equality between medial and lateral meniscal damage [5].
Green tea catechins suppress the DNA synthesis marker MCM7 in the TRAMP model of prostate cancer (2007)

Green tea catechins (GTCs) exert chemopreventive effects in many cancer models. Several studies implicate the DNA synthesis marker minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) in prostate cancer progression, growth and invasion; representing a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the effect of GTCs on MCM7 expression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model (TRAMP). DNA microarray, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis showed that GTCs significantly suppressed MCM7 in the TRAMP mice treated with GTCs. Our study indicates that the cellular DNA replication factor MCM7 is involved in prostate cancer (CaP) and MCM7 gene expression was reduced by GTCs. Together, these results suggest a possible role of GTCs in CaP chemoprevention in which MCM7 plays a critical role.
Interleukin‐12 Gene Therapy Prevents Establishment of SCC VII Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Inhibits Tumor Growth, and Elicits Long‐term Antitumor Immunity in Syngeneic C3H Mice (1998)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an immunostimulatory agent with very promising antitumor activity. Using a retroviral expression vector, the authors have successfully transduced the genes encoding the two subunits of murine IL-12 to the squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SCC VII. Once IL-12 gene transcription and protein production were successfully verified, IL-12 expression was found to inhibit the establishment of SCC VII tumors in syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice inoculated with 1 x 10(6) SCC VII/IL-12 viable tumor cells. Mice immunized in this manner and rechallenged with parent SCC VII were capable of rejecting tumor up to 40% of the time. Treatment of established SCC VII tumors with irradiated IL-12-producing tumors cells led to significant tumor regression in a high percentage of animals.
Noisy input models: barrage of spike arrivals (2014)

Neurons in the brain receive input from thousands of other, presynaptic neurons, which emit action potentials and send their spikes to their postsynaptic targets. From the perspective of a postsynaptic neuron receiving a barrage of spikes, spike arrival times may look completely random, even under the assumption that presynaptic neurons generate their spikes by a deterministic process. Indeed, as we have seen in the preceding chapter, internal noise sources of a cell, such as spontaneous opening of ion channels, do not account for all the variability of spike-trains encountered in freely behaving animals in vivo. Rather, it is likely that a large fraction of the apparent variability is generated by the network. Modeling studies confirm that networks with fixed random connectivity can lead to chaos on the microscopic level, so that spike arrival times appear to be random even if generated by a deterministic network.
Understanding neural-network denoisers through an activation function perspective (2017)

Images are usually corrupted by noise during acquisition or transmission. Smoothing and thresholding within an adapted domain is a common practice to recover the clean image. Recently, many researchers try to train a denoiser using neural network on a large image training set. Some of them show competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art filter such as BM3D [1][2]. At the same time, neural network's performance has been improved with new activation functions, new solvers, etc., which makes machine learning techniques more reliable. In this work, we leverage cutting-edge techniques in the neural network world to reconsider the problem of image denoising with plain neural network. Instead of seeking blindly a better result, we focus on analysing and understanding the denoising strategies conceived by the neural network. We will provide a perspective through activation functions, and explain how they play a decisive role in the denoising mechanisms.
Graph cut energy minimization in a probabilistic learning framework for 3D prostate segmentation in MRI (2012)

Variations in inter-patient prostate shape, and size and imaging artifacts in magnetic resonance images (MRI) hinders automatic accurate prostate segmenta-tion. In this paper we propose a graph cut based energy minimization of the posterior probabilities obtained in a supervised learning schema for automatic 3D segmen-tation of the prostate in MRI. A probabilistic classifi-cation of the prostate voxels is achieved with a proba-bilistic atlas and a random forest based learning frame-work. The posterior probabilities are combined to ob-tain the likelihood of a voxel being prostate. Finally, 3D graph cut based energy minimization in the stochastic space provides segmentation of the prostate. The pro-posed method achieves a mean Dice similarity coeffi-cient (DSC) value of 0.91±0.04 and 95 % mean Haus-dorff distance (HD) of 4.69±2.62 voxels when vali-dated with 15 prostate volumes of a public dataset in a leave-one-patient-out validation framework. The model achieves statistically significant t-test p-value&amp;lt;0.0001 in mean DSC and mean HD values compared to some of the works in literature. 1.
Hit-to-Lead Optimization and Discovery of 5-((5-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-chloro-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazol-2-yl)oxy)-2-methylbenzoic Acid (MK-3903): A Novel Class of Benzimidazole-Based Activators of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (2017)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an essential role as a cellular energy sensor and master regulator of metabolism in eukaryotes. Dysregulated lipid and carbohydrate metabolism resulting from insulin resistance leads to hyperglycemia, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While pharmacological activation of AMPK is anticipated to improve these parameters, the discovery of selective, direct activators has proven challenging. We now describe a hit-to-lead effort resulting in the discovery of a potent and selective class of benzimidazole-based direct AMPK activators, exemplified by 5-((5-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)oxy)-2-methylbenzoic acid, 42 (MK-3903). Compound 42 exhibited robust target engagement in mouse liver following oral dosing, leading to improved lipid metabolism and insulin sensitization in mice.
Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated cytokine transfection enhances T cell recruitment at local and distant tumor sites (2020)

Robust cytotoxic T cell infiltration has proven to be difficult to achieve in solid tumors. We set out to develop a flexible protocol to efficiently transfect tumor and stromal cells to produce immune-activating cytokines, and thus enhance T cell infiltration while debulking tumor mass. By combining ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles, membrane pores are created and facilitate a controllable and local transfection. Here, we applied a substantially lower transmission frequency (250 kHz) than applied previously. The resulting microbubble oscillation was significantly enhanced, reaching an effective expansion ratio of 35 for a peak negative pressure of 500 kPa in vitro. Combining low-frequency ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles and a DNA plasmid construct, 20% of tumor cells remained viable, and ∼20% of these remaining cells were transfected with a reporter gene both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of cells transfected in vivo were mucin 1<sup>+</sup>/CD45<sup>-</sup> tumor cells. Tumor and stromal cells were then transfected with plasmid DNA encoding IFN-β, producing 150 pg/10<sup>6</sup> cells in vitro, a 150-fold increase compared to no-ultrasound or no-plasmid controls and a 50-fold increase compared to treatment with targeted microbubbles and ultrasound (without IFN-β). This enhancement in secretion exceeds previously reported fourfold to fivefold increases with other in vitro treatments. Combined with intraperitoneal administration of checkpoint inhibition, a single application of IFN-β plasmid transfection reduced tumor growth in vivo and recruited efficacious immune cells at both the local and distant tumor sites.