gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Separation of a Thick AlN Layer from a Sapphire Substrate via Interfacial Voids Formed by the Decomposition of Sapphire (2008)

A technique for separating a thick AlN layer grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on a (0001) sapphire substrate was developed. By heat treatment at 1450 °C in a gas flow containing H2 and NH3, many voids could be formed at the interface between a thin (100 nm) AlN layer grown at 1065 °C and the sapphire substrate due to the preferential decomposition of sapphire. During the cooling process after the subsequent growth of a thick (85 µm) AlN layer, the thick AlN layer separated from the sapphire substrate with the aid of the interfacial voids. The freestanding AlN substrate thus obtained had a smooth (0001) surface, a dislocation density of 1.1×109 cm-2, and an optical transparency for wavelengths above 208.1 nm.
Diastereoselective synthesis of cyclic Î±-fluoromethylidenephosphonates using Î±-fluoroallenephosphonate as dienophile (2000)

The dimerization of α-fluoroallenephosphonate and its Diels–Alder reaction with various dienes provide a diastereoselective route to cyclic and bicyclic α-fluorovinylphosphonates.
Silsesquioxane‐Based Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Epoxidation Catalysts Developed by Using High‐Speed Experimentation (2004)

A set of new titanium-silsesquioxane epoxidation catalysts was discovered by exploring the hydrolytic condensation of a series of trichlorosilanes in highly polar solvents by means of high-speed experimentation techniques. The most promising silsesquioxane leads were prepared on a conventional laboratory scale and fully characterised. The lead generated by the hydrolytic condensation of tBuSiCl(3) in DMSO consisted of a set of incompletely condensed silsesquioxane structures, whereas that obtained from the hydrolytic condensation of tBuSiCl(3) in water consisted of a single silsesquioxane structure, tBu(2)Si(2)O(OH)(4). This is the first reported example of the use of this silsesquioxane as a precursor for active Ti catalysts. The Ti complexes prepared with tBu(2)Si(2)O(OH)(4) were supported on silica to produce active heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts.
Phagocyte Non-Protective and Protective Responses in Bovine Mammary Infections (2003)

This issue was undated. The date given is an estimate.
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>Neuropilin-1</i> Stimulates Tumor Growth by Increasing Fibronectin Fibril Assembly in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 264K, Five micron sections of tumor tissues from mice treated with either vehicle or NRP-1 mAb were immunostained for collagen I, PECAM or PDGFRbeta and alpha-SMA&lt;/p&gt;
Fitting analytical BRDF models to low-resolution measurements of light scattered from relief printing samples (2016)

2.5D/3D printing brings new perspectives in many fields, such as manufacturing, architecture, and arts. These new applications also bring out the issues that were barely considered in traditional 2D printing and go beyond color accuracy. Given the recent possibilities of surface construction, one may wonder how the texture details affect the reflection properties of a relief print. In this paper, we attempt to address this question by designing and testing on two groups of relief printed samples: 25 textured surfaces with different roughness levels and 40 visually flat surfaces with different gloss levels. We will first describe how reflection data (in the form of BRDFs) was acquired with our test device. Then we fit the data with some current analytical BRDF models. The results show that, in terms of accuracy and speed, the Ward model fitting outperforms the other models we use. On the other hand, we see that for our rough surface samples, there is a weak positive correlation between input roughness and the roughness parameter in microfacet based Cook-Torrance model. This parameter, however, shows a stronger negative correlation to surface gloss level for the flat samples. These results provide a useful insight to the reflection and texture properties of relief prints, and can be further embedded in the printing pipeline.
Chronic Leukemias: Oncogenes, Chromosomes, and Advances in Therapy (1986)

Substantial advances have been made recently in understanding the biology and treatment of the chronic leukemias. Recent data are summarized on the role of retroviruses, oncogenes, and chromosomal rearrangements in the pathophysiology of these disorders, particularly the translocation and abnormal transcription of the c-abl oncogene in chronic myelogenous leukemia and the identification of a family of human T-cell leukemia viruses as causative agents in certain lymphoid leukemias. Interferon, monoclonal antibodies, and other biologic agents have been evaluated as therapy for chronic leukemias. Alpha-interferon has definite efficacy in therapy for hairy cell leukemia, an otherwise refractory malignancy. Intensive chemoradiotherapy with bone marrow transplantation has been established as effective therapy, providing long-term disease-free survival, for selected patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and possibly other forms of chronic leukemias.
Limits of strongly punch-through designed IGBTs (2011)

We will focus on the turn-off behavior of strongly punch-through designed field-stop IGBTs. Our numerical simulations with a monolithic multi-cell structure show that the appearance of current filaments may limit the safe operating area (SOA) of very thin devices with a high resistivity of base material [1]. A detailed analysis of current densities and electric field distributions gives insight into the mechanisms resulting in the formation of current filaments. The limit for a filament-free turn-off behavior can be found in the thickness-vs.-resistivity phase diagram. It could be shown that also other device parameters, such as field-stop and p-emitter design, highly influence susceptibility for the appearance of current filaments during the turn-off phase.
Comparison of the physically complete model with a simple dipole model for UXO detection and discrimination (2010)

The physically complete Normalized Surface Magnetic Source (NSMS) model and a variant of the simple dipole model are applied to new-generation electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. The main objective is to assess the NSMS and dipole models' capabilities to discriminate between UXO and clutter starting from scattered EMI signals. The discrimination contains two sets of parameters: (1) intrinsic parameters associated with the size, shape, and material composition of the target; and (2) extrinsic parameters related to the orientation and location of the anomaly. To discriminate UXO from clutter a mathematical model is fit to the geophysical data, after which both intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are extracted using an optimization technique. The inverted intrinsic parameters thus found are used to isolate objects of interest from non-hazardous items. The discrimination performance depends significantly on the mathematical model. In this work we present results of applying the single dipole, multi-dipole, and NSMS models to single- and multi-axis sensor data produced by new-generation EMI instruments such as MPV, TEMTADS, and MetalMapper, all of which are are time-domain systems. The MPV has a single transmitter and five tri-axial receivers, the TEMTADS array is a towed system featuring 25 transmitter/receiver pairs, and MetalMapper contains three rectangular transmitters and five tri-axial receivers distributed on a plane. The inversion and discrimination performance of the NSMS and single-dipole models are illustrated for the high-quality, well-located EMI data produced by these instruments. Specifically, we present comparisons between inverted intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, as determined from each model and compared with the ground truth.
Laser-induced spin dynamics in ferromagnetic (In,Mn)As at magnetic fields up to 7 T (2014)

Laser-induced spin dynamics in (In,Mn)As is studied in magnetic fields up to 7 T. It is shown that a laser pulse can effectively excite homogenous spin precession in this compound at the frequency of the ferromagnetic resonance. Laser excitation of this resonance appears to be very ineffective if the applied magnetic field is below 1.5 T at 10 K. Our analysis shows that the damping of the laser-induced spin precession is a function of magnetic field and reaches very high values below 1.5 T.
Isolated central nervous system relapses in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma -clinical presentation and prognosis: experience of the Polish Paediatric Solid Tumours Study Group (2022)

Although isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapses are rare, they may become a serious clinical problem in intensively treated patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NBL). The aim of this study is the presentation and assessment of the incidence and clinical course of isolated CNS relapses. Retrospective analysis involved 848 NBL patients treated from 2001 to 2019 at 8 centres of the Polish Paediatric Solid Tumours Study Group (PPSTSG). Group characteristics at diagnosis, treatment and patterns of relapse were analysed. Observation was completed in December 2020. We analysed 286 high risk patients, including 16 infants. Isolated CNS relapse, defined as the presence of a tumour in brain parenchyma or leptomeningeal involvement, was found in 13 patients (4.5%; 8.4% of all relapses), all of whom were stage 4 at diagnosis. Isolated CNS relapses seem to be more common in young patients with stage 4 MYCN amplified NBL, and in this group they may occur early during first line therapy. The only or the first symptom may be bleeding into the CNS, especially in younger children, even without a clear relapse picture on imaging, or the relapse may be clinically asymptomatic and found during routine screening. Although the incidence of isolated CNS relapses is not statistically significantly higher in patients after immunotherapy, their occurrence should be carefully monitored, especially in intensively treated infants, with potential disruption of the brain-blood barrier.
MINFLUX dissects the unimpeded walking of kinesin-1 (2022)

We report on an interferometric MINFLUX microscope that records protein movements with down to 1.7 nm precision within less than 1 ms. While such spatio-temporal resolution has so far required linking a strongly scattering 30-500 nm diameter bead to the much smaller protein, MINFLUX localization requires the detection of only down to 20 photons from an ~1-nm sized fluorophore. Harnessing this resolution, we dissect the unhindered stepping of the motor protein kinesin-1 on microtubules at up to physiological ATP concentrations. By attaching the fluorophore to different kinesin-1 sites and resolving steps and substeps of these protein constructs, we uncover a three-dimensional orientation change of the unbound kinesin head. We also find that kinesin-1 takes up ATP while only one head is bound, whereas hydrolysis of ATP occurs with both heads bound to the microtubule, resolving a long-standing conundrum of its mechanochemical cycle. Our results establish MINFLUX as a non-invasive tool for tracking protein movements and probing submillisecond structural rearrangements with nanometer resolution.
The immunostimulatory effect of indole-6-carboxaldehyde isolated from Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens) Kuntze in RAW 264.7 macrophages (2020)

Indole-6-carboxaldehyde (I6CA), an indole derivative isolated from the marine brown algae <i>Sargassum thunbergii</i>, is known to have several beneficial effects, but no studies on immune regulation have been conducted. In this study, the immunomodulatory properties of I6CA on murine RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cells were evaluated. As the concentration of I6CA increased, the morphology of RAW 264.7 cells changed to a typical active macrophage shape, and the phagocytic activity increased significantly. I6CA effectively enhanced the production and secretion of immunomodulatory mediators and cytokines due to increased expression of their respective genes. Additionally, I6CA markedly stimulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adapter molecule, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), and increased TLR4 complexed with Myd88. Furthermore, I6CA promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by increasing the degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB-<i>α</i>. Meanwhile, similar trends were also found in lipopolysaccharide-treated cells as a positive control. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation showed that I6CA interacted with TLR4-myeloid differentiation 2 complex. Taken together, the results support the concept that I6CA may increase the activity of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in order to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of RAW 264.7 cells.
High-Frequency DC-DC Conversion: Fact or Fiction (2006)

Rapidly increasing input current of microprocessors results in rising cost and motherboard real estate occupied by power delivery system. We show that a high-frequency switching DC-DC converter is feasible in 180nm-90nm technology processes for microprocessor power delivery. The current DC-DC converters on microprocessor motherboards are switching at KHz frequencies because of the strict efficiency requirements. We demonstrate a 480MHz DC-DC converter fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process. We also present measurement results on two high-speed CMOS regulation chips to prove high-frequency conversion is a fact
Optical tunneling effect of surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmon resonance (2002)

Surface plasmon resonance of periodic narrow-grooved metallic thin films were studied with finite-difference time-domain simulations. Two distinguishable modes, surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons, are associated with different periods. The surface plasmon polaritons have widely extended near-field distributions and sharp resonance; however, the localized surface plasmon modes are highly concentrated in the grooves, and have broad resonance. Our results demonstrate that the surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons were coupled with electromagnetic waves to resonantly tunnel through the array of subwavelength holes. This optical tunneling effect exhibited large phase lag and time delay for the surface plasmon polariton. The broadness of localized surface plasmon resonance indicated that it could exist in randomly distributed, narrow-grooved structures as well.
Investigation of disease-free survival as a surrogate endpoint for survival in cancer clinical trials (1998)

Abstract A stochastic model wiuh exponential components is used to describe our data collected from a phase III cancer clinical trial. Criteria which guarantee that disease-free survival (DFS) can be used as a surrogate for overall survival are explored under this model. We examine several colorectal adjuvant clinical trials and find that these conditions are not satisfied. The relationship between the hazard ratio of DFS for an active treatment versus a control treatment and the cumulative hazard ratio of survival for the same two treatments is then explored. An almost linear relationship is found such that a hazard ratio for DFS of less than a threshold R corresponds to a non-null treatment effect on survival The threshold value R is determined for our colorectal adjuvant trial data. Based on this relationship, a one-sided test of equal hazard rate of survival is equivalent to a test of hazard ratio of DFS small than R This approach assumes that recurrence information is unbiasedly and accurately assessed; an assumpion which is sometimes difficult to ensure for multicenter clinical trials, particularly for interim analyses. Keywords: stochastic modelexponentialcolorectal-adjuvantconditional independence
Correlation between shape and stray field in indented square nanomagnets: Experimental and theoretical study (2010)

We have used the scanning probe technique, magnetic force microscopy (MFM), to study the magnetization distribution in a system of indented rectangles made from permalloy. An accurate linear approximation to the micromagnetic equations was implemented in commercial finite element software. This model was used to study the important effect of tip-sample interaction on our MFM measurements. Comparison between experiment and our model confirmed that even for large indents the nanomagnets adopted vortex ground states. A qualitative relationship between the sample's magnetization, in the absence of the MFM tip's magnetic field, and the induced contrast was identified. The optimum ratio of charge contrast to induced contrast when observing vortex states was found to be proportional to the tip moment raised to the power of 0.4. This was subject to the limitations imposed by resolution and thermal noise. It occurred for large separation between tip and sample.
An adaptive multi-rate speech coder for digital cellular telephony (1999)

We have developed an adaptive multi-rate (AMR) speech coder designed to operate under the GSM digital cellular full rate (22.8 kb/s) and half rate (11.4 kb/s) channels and to maintain high quality in the presence of highly varying background noise and channel conditions. Within each total rate, several codec modes with different source/channel bit rate allocations are used. The speech coders in each codec mode are based on the CELP algorithm operating at rates ranging from 11.85 kb/s down to 5.15 kb/s, where the lowest rate coder is a source controlled multi-modal speech coder. The decoders monitor the channel quality at both ends of the wireless link using the soft values for the received bits and assist the base station in selecting the codec mode that is appropriate for a given channel condition. The coder was submitted to the GSM AMR standardization competition and met the qualification requirements in an independent formal MOS test.
Proceedings of the 24th ACM international conference on Multimedia (2016)

We warmheartedly welcome you to the 24th ACM Multimedia conference, which is hosted for the first time in the Netherlands, in the wonderful city of Amsterdam. ACM Multimedia 2016 brings an extensive program consisting of technical sessions covering all aspects of the multimedia field in the form of oral and poster presentations, tutorials, panels, exhibits, demonstrations and workshops, bringing into focus the principal subjects of investigation, competitions of research teams on challenging problems, and an interactive art program stimulating artists and computer scientists to meet and discover together the frontiers of artistic communication. The call for contributions attracted submissions from all over the world, which were all thoroughly reviewed for their merit in terms of scientific quality, innovation, and match to the conference. In addition to these, the main program has two exciting keynote presentations, by Dirk Helbing from ETH Zurich, Switzerland, titled "A digital world to thrive in -- How the Internet of Things can make the 'invisible hand' work" and by Jack van Wijk from Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands, titled "Visual Analytics for Multimedia: Challenges and Opportunities". Furthermore, a visionary presentation will be given by the winner of the SIGMM Award for Outstanding Technical Contributions to Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications 2016, Alberto del Bimbo, from the University of Florence, Italy. The main program will conclude with the SIGMM Rising Stars Symposium, highlighting the scientific results and vision of the invited young researchers, who demonstrated great potential in multimedia research and who are considered to become future leaders in the multimedia field. The main program is accompanied by eight workshops to discuss challenging topics and six tutorials to bring you up to speed on important foundations of our multimedia field. The unique co-location of ACM Multimedia 2016 with the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV 2016) has brought the opportunity to have additional twelve invited tutorials from world leaders covering both multimedia and computer vision.
Bordetella pertussis Lipid A Glucosamine Modification Confers Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides and Increases Resistance to Outer Membrane Perturbation (2014)

Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has many strategies for evading the human immune system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important Gram-negative bacterial surface structure that activates the immune system via Toll-like receptor 4 and enables susceptibility to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). We show modification of the lipid A region of LPS with glucosamine increased resistance to numerous CAMPs, including LL-37. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this glucosamine modification increased resistance to outer membrane perturbation.
InAlAs/InGaAs avalanche photodiode arrays for free space optical communication (2015)

In free space optical communication, photodetectors serve not only as communications receivers but also as position sensitive detectors (PSDs) for pointing, tracking, and stabilization. Typically, two separate detectors are utilized to perform these tasks, but recent advances in the fabrication and development of large-area, low-noise avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays have enabled these devices to be used both as PSDs and as communications receivers. This combined functionality allows for more flexibility and simplicity in optical system design without sacrificing the sensitivity and bandwidth performance of smaller, single-element data receivers. This work presents the development of APD arrays rated for bandwidths beyond 1 GHz with measured carrier ionization ratios of approximately 0.2 at moderate APD gains. We discuss the fabrication and characterization of three types of APD arrays along with their performance as high-speed photodetectors.
<title>Modeling hierarchical structure of images with stochastic grammars</title> (2006)

We construct a hierarchical image grammar model based on stochastic grammars and apply it to document images. An efficient maximum a posteriori probability estimation algorithm for this model produces accurate segmentations of document images and classifications of image parts.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Thiophosphate Glasses and Glass‐Ceramics as Solid Electrolytes: Processing, Microstructure, and Properties (2014)

Abstract Review: 71 refs.
Sub-picosecond jitter resolution wide range digital delay line for SoC integration (2015)

A novel three-stage architecture programmable digital delay line (DDL) with a picosecond resolution, 1µs range, and sub-picosecond jitter performance is proposed. Through circuit simulation, a dynamic range of 1µs is obtained in the first stage using 10-bit counters operating at a frequency of 1 GHz. The second stage further refines the delay to 23ps using a tapped inverter chain architecture. Finally, the third stage constructed using a DLL with NAND gate based delay elements further refines the delay step to 1ps resolution with a 0.1ps RMS jitter performance. The proposed digital delay line is designed using a standard 0.13µm Silterra CMOS technology.