gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent calculation of current self-distribution effect in GaAs-AlGaAs oxide-confined VCSELs (2003)

A three-dimensional electrical-thermal-optical numerical solver is applied to model GaAs-AlGaAs-based top-emitting oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with GaAs multiple-quantum-well active region. Continuous-wave mode of operation is simulated over a range of voltages, covering the subthreshold spontaneous emission and lasing emission. The effect of self-distribution of electrical current is demonstrated for the first time in self-consistent electrical-thermal-optical simulation of VCSELs.
NMR study of nanophase Al/Al-oxide powder and consolidated composites (1994)

{sup 27}Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements from aluminum powders and consolidated nanophase aluminum made from those powders are presented. The signals from the metal and surface oxidation are easily separated and are compared before and after consolidation. The results presented indicate that the oxide coating becomes the interface region within the nanophase composite material and that during consolidation the metal has undergone a deformation equivalent to that seen for bulk material under a compressive strain of between 4% and 8%.
Numerical Simulation of Film Cooling on the Tip of a Gas Turbine Blade (2002)

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer are presented for a GE-E3 turbine blade with a film-cooled tip. Results are presented for both a flat tip and a squealer tip. Straight-through coolant holes are considered, and the calculation domain includes the flow development in the coolant delivery tubes. Results are presented with three different tip gaps representing 1%, 1.5% and 2.5% of blade span, a blowing ratio (ratio of coolant-jet-exit velocity to average passage flow velocity) of 1, and an inlet turbulence intensity of 6.1%. On a flat tip, film coolant injection is shown to lower the local pressure ratio and alters the nature of the leakage vortex. High film cooling effectiveness and low heat transfer coefficients are obtained along the coolant trajectory; these values increase slightly with increasing tip clearances. For a squealer tip, the flow inside the squealer cavity exhibits streamwise directed flow, which alters the trajectory of the coolant jets and reduces their effectiveness.
Electro- and Photo-Catalytic Reduction of Small Molecules/Ions By Corrole Metal Complexes (2015)

The scientific interest in the macrocyclic metal chelating corroles has evidenced a remarkable increase since our discovery of their first one-pot synthesis in 1999. Facile synthetic modifications that were introduced during the latest years now allow for tuning of the most fundamental properties of corroles, such as lipo-/hydro-/amphilicity, photo-excited states and their mode of decay to the ground state, and the stability/reactivity profiles of the corresponding metal complexes. The impact of these investigations is exemplified by the introduction of corrole metal chelates as catalysts for the most important chemical reactions involved in energy-relevant processes, such as the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. This presentation will focus on the largely unexplored potential of metallocorroles for the reduction of protons to hydrogen and of halides to halogens, via electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, respectively. Tuning of reactivity and redox potentials is achieved by variations introduced onto the ligand and the choice of coordinated metal ions. REFERENCES “Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction by Brominated Cobalt Corrole” Inorg. Chem. 2012 , 51 , 22-24. “Cobalt Corrole Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction from H 2 O under Ambient Conditions: Reactivity, Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations”, Inorg. Chem. 2013 , 52 , 3381-3387. "The Cobalt Corrole Catalyzed Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Surprising Electronic Effects and Characterization of Key Reaction Intermediates" Chem. Commun. 2014 , 50 , 2725-2727. Figure 1
Imbibition into Model Calcium Carbonate Coatings of Fluids with Different Dipole Moments (2006)

A model calcium carbonate coating has been developed for the study of fluid imbibition in paper coatings. Using four different coating color formulations, four model coatings were created under continuous shear and vacuum dewatering in a rheometer. The characterization of the model coatings shows that they mimic commercial coatings well with respect to pore size, porosity and surface roughness. Imbibition trials were performed with six different fluids. Contact angle measurements enabled volume changes, spreading diameter and penetration depth of the fluids to be studied. It was shown that the filling of the pore matrix is dependent on the dipole moment of the fluid and that some voids in the matrix remain unfilled. A fluid with a high dipole moment penetrated further into the pore matrix than a fluid with a low dipole moment.
Visual discomfort prediction for stereo contents (2011)

The current renaissance of 3D movies has drawn more and more attention from the audience. Three-dimensional television (3DTV) has been expected to be the next advance in television. Studies have shown that different people have different comfort range of depth in a 3D content, especially in 3DTV scenario, wherein much smaller screen sizes and viewing distances in home setup than in theater put more restrictions on the 3D content fed into the 3DTV. As a result, the version of the 3D content sent to home will not satisfy all the people in one family. In this paper, we try to solve this problem by providing a prediction of viewing discomfort of certain input content by certain viewer. Our method is based on the Disparity Discomfort Profile (DDP) built through subjective test for each viewer. The input content is analyzed by studying its disparity distribution. The prediction of discomfort is performed by matching the disparity distribution with the viewer's DDP. Then a mechanism to allow the viewers to adjust the depth range according to their visual comfort profile or viewing preference is used to minimize the discomfort. Experiments show promising results of the proposed method.
Measurement of three-jet production cross-sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector (2015)

Double-differential three-jet production cross-sections are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7TeV using the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. The measurements are presented as a function of the three-jet mass (mjjj), in bins of the sum of the absolute rapidity separations between the three leading jets (|Y∗|). Invariant masses extending up to 5 TeV are reached for 8&lt;|Y∗|&lt;10. These measurements use a sample of data recorded using the ATLAS detector in 2011, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.51 fb −1. Jets are identified using the anti-kt algorithm with two different jet radius parameters, R=0.4 and R=0.6. The dominant uncertainty in these measurements comes from the jet energy scale. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations corrected to account for non-perturbative effects are compared to the measurements. Good agreement is found between the data and the theoretical predictions based on most of the available sets of parton distribution functions, over the full kinematic range, covering almost seven orders of magnitude in the measured cross-section values.
Isolation and Culture Properties of a Thermophilic Agarase-Producing Strain, Microbulbifer sp. SD-1 (2011)

An agar-degrading enzyme-producing strain was isolated from seawater. The isolate was identified as Microbulbifer sp. SD-1 by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The optimal pH and temperature for growth were 6.0 and <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>, respectively, and growth was possible at pH 9.0 and <TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The isolate required 5% NaCl for optimal growth and showed 45% growth activity without NaCl. Agar concentrations of 0-0.4% in the medium did not affect growth. Thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed that this strain could degrade agar into a monosaccharide and oligosaccharide, which may have industrial applications.
The Scientist’s Pledge (2013)

To the Editor: Medical students transition to their profession with the recitation of the Hippocratic Oath. However, no analogous oath has been widely adopted for students graduating with doctorates of philosophy (PhDs) in the various sciences. Oaths taken upon entering a profession reflect a need to recognize the power and responsibility bestowed upon a graduate. It is then surprising that most scientists have escaped the privilege and duty of an oath. Scientists face tremendous ethical challenges, such as the development of human embryonic stem cells or tools of biological wars, to mention but a handful. An oath for scientists should include many of the same issues of professional identity and ethics that were addressed by Hippocrates,1 but should also pose additional matters pertinent to the sciences. Sir Joseph Rotblat2 proposed ethical codes in science, highlighting the need for scientific oaths. Davis et al3 offered a broad oath focusing on pride, integrity, and pursuit of knowledge. We believe that a scientist’s oath should reflect the professional activities inherent to being a scientist, be a pledge to responsible conduct, and embody commitments to help humanity and society at large. An effective oath should be inspiring without being confining. Such an oath should also emphasize the value and impact of PhD graduates on society. With this in mind, we have proposed and implemented at our medical school the following oath: Oath of the Scientist By accepting my Doctor of Philosophy degree, I earnestly assert that I will apply my scientific skills and principles to benefit society; I will continue to practice and support a scientific process that is based on logic, intellectual rigor, personal integrity, and an uncompromising respect for truth; I will treat my colleagues’ work with respect and objectivity; I will convey these scientific principles in my chosen profession, in mentoring, and in public debate; I will seek to increase public understanding of the principles of science and its humanitarian goals. These things I do promise. The Hippocratic Oath has been modified to reflect the evolution of medicine in society, and we expect that the above oath will also evolve over time.1 We believe that this oath provides a good foundation for the current generation of scientists and will help to inspire graduates to reach for their highest ideals as they continue in their careers. Katya Ravid, DSc Professor of medicine and biochemistry and founding director, Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Benjamin Wolozin, MD, PhD Professor of pharmacology and neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; [email protected]
Formation of nanostructured materials using inexpensive hollow particles of amphiphilic graft copolymers as building blocks: 1. insight into the mechanism of nanotube formation (2009)

The aim of this research is to elucidate the mechanism for the formation of nanotubes from hollow particles of amphiphilic graft copolymers, such as poly(ethyleneimine)-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEI-g-PMMA), under non-equilibrium conditions. The study was performed at either 15 or 17 °C with fluid shear in a mixture of dichloromethane (DCM)–water using the amphiphilic hollow particle as a building block. Effects of stirring rate and DCM to water ratio on the hollow particle assembly were systematically investigated. Surface properties and morphology of the hollow particles and the resulting assemblies in both DCM and water were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Results from these studies suggest four key features of this assembly process: (1) morphology of the amphiphilic hollow particle can be inverted in organic solvent and water. (2) The assembly process can only occur with appropriate fluid shear and DCM : water ratio. (3) The hollow particles can undergo deformation to ellipsoidal shapes with stirring rate at 350 rpm in an appropriate DCM : water (e.g. 3 : 7 v/v) mixture. (4) The elongated hollow particles then assemble to form linear aggregates via tip-to-tip connection, followed by coalescence and fusion to generate nanotubes with diameters less than 150 nm. The lengths of the nanotubes can be up to micron-scale, and they can be easily aligned via a simple dip-coating method. This simple and inexpensive assembly process using amphiphilic hollow particles as a building blocks is dramatically different from the well-known self-assembly of block copolymers into different nanostructures under equilibrium conditions.
Proton dynamics and low-temperature (1.5-130 K) pyroelectric coefficient anomalies of KDP-single crystals (1995)

In order to explain the observed anomalous behavior of the KH2PO4 pyroelectric coefficient at low temperatures (T < 20 K), a two component model is proposed. In the field of the main component of matrix spontaneous polarization Psm(T), whose temperature change is determined by anharmonic ideal crystal lattice vibrations, an additional component Psm(T) is formed, due to the low temperature dynamics of proper elements of KH2PO4 structure (protons). The proposed mechanism of formation of the Psad(T) and γ/sigmaad(T) is a phase transition “polar phase—polar phase” in the proton subsystem with Tc = 21-23 K. It has been established that the γ/sigmaad(T) shape depends on the previous history of growth of the samples, their defects and prior heat annealing.
Hybrid integration of silicone PDLC into a planar light circuit (2003)

Silicone polymeric materials are being developed that will allow the hybrid integration of tunable functionality provided by polymer dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC, and continuous phase liquid crystal materials on planar silica-on-silicon and planar polymer light circuits. The advantages of this approach are ease of integration, the possibility for reduced power consumption, and therefore a reduction of the overall cost for component manufacturing and operation. A successful demonstration of a low loss approach to hybrid integration of polymers and liquid crystals is presented. The challenges for successful integration and acceptance will be discussed. New liquid crystal materials are being developed specifically for this application.
Formation of fused, spiro, and metacyclophane rings via intramolecular carbanion attack on arene-chromium complexes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of fused, spiro, and metacyclophane rings via intramolecular carbanion attack on arene-chromium complexesM. F. Semmelhack, Yodhathai Thebtaranonth, and L. KellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 3, 959–961Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00445a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (405 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Thin Magnetically Permeable Targets for Inductive Sensing: Application to Limb Prosthetics (2019)

The purpose of this research was to create a thin ferrous polymer composite to be used as a target for inductive sensing in limb prosthetics. Inductive sensors are used to monitor limb-to-socket distance in prosthetic sockets, which reflects socket fit. A styrene-ethylene-ethylene/propylene-styrene (SEEPS) polymer was mixed with iron powder at three concentrations (75, 77, 85 wt%), and thin disk-shaped samples were fabricated (0.50, 0,75, 1.00 mm thickness). For 85 wt% samples of 0.50 mm thickness, which proved the best combination of high signal strength and low target volume, inductive sensor sensitivity ranged from 3.2E5 counts/mm at 0.00-1.00 mm distances to 7.2E4 counts/mm at 4.00-5.00 mm distances. The application of compressive stress (up to 425 kPa) introduced an absolute measurement error of less than 3.3 μm. Tensile elasticity was 282 kPa, which is comparable to that of commercial elastomeric liners. Durability testing in the shoe of an able-bodied participant demonstrated a change in calibration coefficient of less than 3.8% over two weeks of wear. The ferrous polymer composite may facilitate the development of automatically adjusting sockets that use limb-to-socket distance measurement for feedback control.
The changes caused by activation and reaction conditions on the morphology of iron catalysts (1994)

Iron is considered to be one of the most active/low cost catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) used to produce higher order hydrocarbons and synthetic fuels from coal. One of the biggest obstacles faced by the industry in the use of iron is that of rapid deactivation and attrition. While it is generally accepted that deactivation occurs due to carbon deposition or “coking”, the actual steps involved in the formation and deposition of carbon have not yet been thoroughly understood. Also, the causes for attrition in these catalysts have not yet been established. Our present study involves use of transmission electron microscopy to find the effect of various pretreatment and reaction conditions on the microstructure of Fe catalysts and scanning electron microscopy to study the problem of attrition. The transmission electron microscopy was performed on a 200 kVJEOL JEM 2000FX microscope and the SEM was done using a Hitachi S800 microscope.
Direct evidence of the importance of stromal urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the growth of an experimental human breast cancer using a combined uPA gene-disrupted and immunodeficient xenograft model. (2001)

Several studies have indicated an interaction between tumor cells and infiltrating stromal cells regarding the urokinase plasminogen activation (uPA) system. By developing combined uPA gene-disrupted and immunodeficient mice, we have studied the role of stromal uPA for the growth of the MDA-MB-435 BAG human tumor xenograft. Subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis were compared between wild-type immunodeficient mice and mice with the combined deficiencies. Tumor growth was evaluated by volume measurements and plasma beta-galactosidase activity and metastasis was evaluated by counting lung surface metastases. Although no differences appeared in primary tumor take between the two groups of mice, a significant difference was observed in primary tumor growth, with tumors in uPA-/- mice growing significantly more slowly. In addition, a nonsignificant trend toward fewer lung metastases in uPA-/- mice was observed. The present data points to a critical role of stromal-derived uPA in the primary tumor growth of MDA-MB-435 BAG xenografts, whereas only a trend toward fewer lung metastases in uPA gene-disrupted mice was found.
Effect of Buffer Layers on Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures Grown on Si (2006)

AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with different buffer layers were grown on Si substrates by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The electrical property of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the AlGaN/GaN interface was correlated with both the optical and structural quality of the GaN layer involved. A combination of two sets of high-temperature and low-temperature AlN and an ultrashort exposure to SiH4 showed the best-grown GaN, followed by a similar buffer layer without the SiH4 exposure, and a graded AlGaN buffer layer only. The enhancements in both electron mobility and 2DEG density were also accompanied by a reduced donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and a reduced dislocation density in the top GaN grown.
Capacitance-voltage modeling of metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor capacitors based on epitaxial oxide heterostructures (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Woong Choi, Sunkook Kim, Yong Wan Jin, Sang Yoon Lee, Timothy D. Sands; Capacitance-voltage modeling of metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor capacitors based on epitaxial oxide heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 7 March 2011; 98 (10): 102901. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3561751 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Solid-phase epitaxial growth of (111)-oriented Si film on InGaO3(ZnO)5 buffer layer (2010)

In this paper, the (0001) surface of an InGaO3(ZnO)5 (c-IGZO) single-crystal buffer layer was used as a seed layer to control the orientation of a Si film in solid-phase heteroepitaxial growth at 950 °C. Despite a large lattice misfit of 20%, electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements substantiated that the (111)-oriented Si layers are grown epitaxially on the c-IGZO (0001) surface, which is explained by domain-matched epitaxy. The process can be further developed for low temperature process by utilizing excimer laser annealing to produce highly uniform (111) oriented Si TFT over a large area.
XPM-induced polarization-state fluctuations in WDM systems and their mitigation (2002)

In this paper, we show numerically and experimentally the degradation caused by cross phase modulation (XPM) in systems that use PMD compensators, as well as demonstrate a modulation scheme for mitigating this problem. We use a simple and effective model to evaluate this problem. We show the quantity of XPM-induced polarization-state fluctuations and induced system penalty for different conditions. In order to overcome this problem, we propose and demonstrate a novel intra-bit polarization modulation (IPDM) format.
Age and gender specific association between obesity and depressive symptoms: a large-scale cross-sectional study (2020)

The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 ). Date of registration: 2015-07-06.
Sleeping in an Inclined Position to Reduce Snoring and Improve Sleep: In-home Product Intervention Study (2022)

New measurement technologies allow intervention studies to be conducted in the comfort of research participants' own bedrooms. This study showed that sleeping at an incline has potential as a nonobtrusive means of reducing snoring and improving sleep in a nonclinical snoring population.