gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed Low-Dimensional Nanomaterial: 2D Ultranarrow MoS2 Inorganic Nanoribbons Encapsulated in Quasi-1D Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Quasi-one-dimensional nanotubes and two-dimensional nanoribbons are two fundamental forms of nanostructures, and integrating them into a novel mixed low-dimensional nanomaterial is fascinating and challenging. We have synthesized a stable mixed low-dimensional nanomaterial consisting of MoS(2) inorganic nanoribbons encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (which we call nanoburritos). This route can be extended to the synthesis of nanoburritos composed of other ultranarrow transition-metal chalcogenide nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes. The widths of previously synthesized MoS(2) ribbons are greater than 50 nm, while the encapsulated MoS(2) nanoribbons have uniform widths down to 1-4 nm and layer numbers down to 1-3, depending on the nanotube diameter. The edges of the MoS(2) nanoribbons have been identified as zigzag-shaped using both high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations.
Formation Kinetics of a Bi 3 Nb 1− x Ta x O 7 Fluorite‐Type Solid Solution and Thermodynamic Stability of the Bi 3 TaO 7 End Member (2010)

Analysis of kinetic characteristics of the incommensurate—commensurate transformation in the Bi 3 Nb 1− x Ta x O 7 system with a fluorite‐like crystal structure enabled us to define the compositional and thermal stability ranges of the commensurate tetragonal polymorph. We showed that the tetragonal polymorph across the entire homogeneity range is isostructural to the Bi 3 NbO 7 end member. The kinetics of the transformation from the cubic incommensurate to the tetragonal commensurate phase decreases with an increase in Ta concentration within the Bi 3 Nb 1− x Ta x O 7 system. The formation studies indicate that the tetragonal Bi 3 TaO 7 is thermodynamically stable; however, its formation via the metastable incommensurate‐cubic phase is suppressed.
Microscopie non linéaire (2003)

\nLa microscopie non linéaire par mélange à quatrc ondes permet l'obtention d'images sans traitement\nparticulier des échantillons souvent difficile à mettre en œuvre sur des échantillons biologiques mais impossible\nà réaliser sur des échantillons massifs [1]. La validité de cette technique a été démontrée dans le cas particulier\nde la microscopie par génération de tierce harmonique sur des échantillons biologiques [2]. Les mécanismes\nd'accord de phase qui conditionnent le contraste et la résolution attendue pour cette microscopie cohérente non\nlinéaire par mélange à quatre ondes permettent de donner une limite à ce type d'imagerie. Nous présentons dans\ncet article quelques exemples d'applications qualitatives et quantitatives de cette imagerie.\n
Toward improving the mobile experience with proxy transcoding and virtual composite devices for a scalable bluetooth LAN access solution (2003)

Bluetooth is a relatively new wireless technology that holds much promise as an inexpensive, power conserving, pervasive global standard for short-range communication with support for voice, data, ad-hoc networking and LAN access. A scalable LAN access solution based on Bluetooth, called blu21, has been developed by Siemens to support information access via mobile devices in enterprise and public hotspots. In this paper we introduce blu21 then describe an associated dynamic content adaptation service called bluMediator and additional services aimed toward improving the efficacy of the mobile browsing experience.
Vision-guided Robot System for Picking Objects by Casting Shadows (2009)

We present a complete vision-guided robot system for model-based three-dimensional (3D) pose estimation and picking of singulated 3D objects. Our system employs a novel vision sensor consisting of a video camera surrounded by eight flashes (light emitting diodes). By capturing images under different flashes and observing the shadows, depth edges or silhouettes in the scene are obtained. The silhouettes are segmented into different objects and each silhouette is matched across a database of object silhouettes in different poses to find the coarse 3D pose. The database is pre-computed using a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the object. The pose is refined using a fully projective formulation of Lowe’s model-based pose estimation algorithm. The estimated pose is transferred to a robot coordinate system utilizing the hand—eye and camera calibration parameters, which allows the robot to pick the object. Our system outperforms conventional systems using two-dimensional sensors with intensity-based features as well as 3D sensors. We handle complex ambient illumination conditions, challenging specular backgrounds, diffuse as well as specular objects, and texture-less objects, on which traditional systems usually fail. Our vision sensor is capable of computing depth edges in real time and is low cost. Our approach is simple and fast for practical implementation. We present real experimental results using our custom designed sensor mounted on a robot arm to demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES DIRECTED TOWARD THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE RUBRADIRIN ANTIBIOTICS. 5. CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED ISOPRENE UNITS FOR THE DIELS‐ALDER DER REACTION (1982)

Abstract Aus dem Methyl‐pentadien (I) und dem Chinon (II) erhält man nach Behandlung mit Zinkchlorid sowie anschließend Methyliodid/Kaliumcarbonat das methylierte Addukt (III) neben Isomeren.
Coverage Analysis for IEEE 802.16e/WiMAX Systems (2008)

This paper describes a frame work for evaluating the coverage performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system as defined in the IEEE 802.16e/WiMAX standard. Both the downlink and the uplink coverage are presented under a system with multiple cells and sectors. The spatial area coverage for a single frequency reuse and reuse of 3 are evaluated. Our results show that a WiMAX system can be uplink coverage limited for base station receivers with only two antennas. It is shown that there is a tradeoff between the uplink sector throughput and coverage performance. On the downlink, it is shown that a combination of cyclic delay diversity (CDD) with segmented frequency reuse of 3 significantly improves coverage performance. Also, shown is a comparison of downlink coverage performance between maximum ratio combining (MRC) and minimum mean square (MMSE) receivers at the subscriber station. It is shown that for a single frequency reuse an MMSE receiver with CDD at the transmitter are needed for adequate downlink coverage performance.
Asymmetric One-Pot Synthesis of (3R,3aS,6aR)-Hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol: A Key Component of Current HIV Protease Inhibitors (2016)

A concise and efficient synthesis of (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol, a key building block for several clinical and experimental HIV protease inhibitors including the highly important drug darunavir, was achieved via a one-pot procedure using furan and Cbz-protected glycol aldehyde as starting materials. A [2+2]-photocycloaddition between both reactants which can be prepared from wood-based starting materials according to the principles of xylochemistry, followed by hydrogenation and lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution afforded the target compound in high yield and up to 99% ee.
Af terburning Predictions for Metal-Modified Propellant Motor Exhausts (1976)

Predicted extents of afterburning in fuel-rich exhausts of metal-modified, double base propellant rocket motors have been investigated by means of a plume prediction code, which incorporates fully coupled turbulent kinetic energy boundary-layer and nonequilibrium chemical reaction schemes. The influences of a number of metals, including potassium, iron, molybdenum, tungsten, barium, tin, and chromium, on afterburning have been examined for a 300 N thrust motor. The effects of changes in total effluent mass flow rate and exit temperature were determined for both modified and unmodified propellants under static and flight conditions at sea level.
Energy-Efficient Design of Broad Beams for Massive MIMO Systems (2022)

Massive MIMO is a promising air interface technology for 5G wireless communications. Such antenna systems offer capabilities to utilize channel correlations to create beams suitable for user specific transmissions. Most of the prior research is devoted to user-specific transmission in such systems, where a narrow beam is formed towards a user to improve its reception. Meanwhile, public-channel transmission to multiple users at once by means of broad beams has been understudied. In this paper, we introduce the concept of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">array-size invariant</i> (ASI) beamforming, enabling generation of broad beams from very large antenna arrays where all elements are transmitting at maximum power. The ASI technique offers the possibility to achieve a perfectly flat array factor by exploiting the additional degree of freedom coming from the dual-polarization beamforming. The proposed technique is applicable to both uniform linear and rectangular arrays. The benefits of the method are shown by means of several numerical examples. In particular, the practical usefulness of the ASI beamforming, in terms of coverage and energy efficiency, is illustrated on an example of designing a cell-specific broad beam for public-channel transmission in a realistic network deployment.
Dynamic Pulse Power and Energy of Ionic-Liquid-Based Supercapacitor for HEV Application (2009)

Asymmetric electrochemical double-layer carbon supercapacitors (AEDLCs) with N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR1(2O1)TFSI) ionic-liquid electrolyte can safely cycle above room temperature with maximum&#13;\ncell voltage as high as 3.7 V over several thousand cycles and are thus promising candidates for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)&#13;\napplications. Here, we report the energy and power performance of the PYR1(2O1)TFSI-based AEDLCs in the -30 to 60°C&#13;\ntemperature range evaluated by the conventional galvanostatic cycling and by the United States Advanced Battery Consortium and&#13;\nthe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FreedomCAR benchmark protocols. The most outstanding finding is that the ionic-liquidbased&#13;\nsupercapacitor meets the dynamic power and energy capability targets stated by DOE for power-assist HEVs.
Search in diphoton and dielectron final states for displaced production of Higgs or $Z$ bosons with the ATLAS detector in $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV $pp$ collisions (2023)

A search is presented for displaced production of Higgs bosons or $Z$ bosons, originating from the decay of a neutral long-lived particle (LLP) and reconstructed in the decay modes $H\rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ and $Z\rightarrow ee$. The analysis uses the full Run 2 data set of proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at an energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV between 2015 and 2018 and recorded by the ATLAS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. Exploiting the capabilities of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter to precisely measure the arrival times and trajectories of electromagnetic objects, the analysis searches for the signature of pairs of photons or electrons which arise from a common displaced vertex and which arrive after some delay at the calorimeter. The results are interpreted in a gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking model with pair-produced higgsinos that decay to LLPs, and each LLP subsequently decays into either a Higgs boson or a $Z$ boson. The final state includes at least two particles that escape direct detection, giving rise to missing transverse momentum. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation. The results are used to set upper limits on the cross section for higgsino pair production, up to a $\tilde\chi^0_1$ mass of 369 (704) GeV for decays with 100\% branching ratio of $\tilde\chi^0_1$ to Higgs ($Z$) bosons for a $\tilde\chi^0_1$ lifetime of 2 ns. A model-independent limit is also set on the production of pairs of photons or electrons with a significant delay in arrival at the calorimeter.
Persistent immunity and survival after immunization with a HER2/neu (HER2) vaccine (2009)

3010 Background: Our initial vaccine studies showed that optimally treated breast cancer patients can be immunized against HER2 during active immunization. The majority of patients developed T-cell immunity to HER2 peptides and protein and also epitope spreading (ES). The goal of this study was to determine if patients previously immunized with a HER2 vaccine had persistent immunity years after active immunization and to assess their clinical outcome in terms of overall survival (OS). Methods: Subjects eligible for this IRB-approved long term follow-up (LTFU) study: (1) had HER2+ breast cancer and were immunized between 1996–1999 in a phase I HER2 peptide vaccine trial, (2) were at least 1 year out from their last vaccine, and (3) if donating blood samples could not be receiving chemotherapy. 52 patients (37 stage IV, 15 stage III) were identified and 21/52 patients (12 stage IV, 9 stage III) were determined to be living. All 21 subjects were contacted by letter and sent a LTFU Questionnaire. OS was defined as the time between date of vaccine study entry and death or last follow-up and was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards were used to determine associations between OS and known clinical and vaccine-related immunologic factors; analyses included all 52 subjects. Long-term T-cell immunity was evaluated using IFN-γ ELISPOT assay. Results: Median follow-up time for the 21 patients still alive was 112 months (range, 104–126 months). Blood samples were collected in 10/21 subjects and 6/8 (75%) evaluble patients had persistent T-cell immunity to immunizing HER2 peptides; and 7/8 patients (88%) had T-cell immunity specific for HER2 protein and peptides not contained in their immunizing mix (defined as ES). In multivariate analysis, number of chemotherapy regimens prior to vaccination (HR=5.7 (CI 95%, 1.5–23; p=&lt;0.001)), and development of ES after HER2 vaccination (HR=0.34 (CI 95%, 0.12–1.0; p=0.05)) were independent predictors of OS. Median OS for 33 subjects who developed ES was 84 months vs 25 months for 16 subjects who did not develop ES. Conclusions: HER2-specific T-cell immunity elicited with active immunization is durable years after vaccination has ended and the generation of ES is an independent predictor of OS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Design and implementation of an ultra high precision parametric mismatch measurement system (2005)

The availability of pairs of identical (matched) circuit elements is essential for many analogue electronic circuits. The paper describes a parametric mismatch characterization approach that can assess parametric mismatch fluctuation levels down to tens of ppm for high performance BJTs. This performance is almost two orders of magnitude better than any BJT mismatch measurement approach reported so far.
Cysteamine prodrugs for an improved treatment of cystinosis (2011)

WHAT IS A PRODRUG? Prodrugs can be designed to overcome a range of problems, including inefficient delivery, poor absorption, poor bioavailability and noxious taste and smell . They are inactive forms of a successful clinical drug which are activated, usually by an enzyme, once inside the body to release the active parent drug, Figure 1. Our initial work with simple prodrugs demonstrated proof of concept [1] and we are now carrying out full evaluation of a series ofpossible clinical candidates.
ChemInform Abstract: DECARBALKOXYLIERUNGEN GEMINALER DIESTER, BETA‐KETOESTER UND ALPHA‐CYANESTER MIT NATRIUMCHLORID IN DIMETHYLSULFOXID (1973)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit NaCl in feuchtem DMSO bei 140 ‐ 186°C erhält man aus den Dialkylmalonestern (I) unter Annahme von Zwischenstufen der Art (II) und (III) die substituierten Essigester (IV) neben Äthanol und Kohlendioxid.
The feasibility of estimating the erythrocyte sedimentation rate within a few minutes by using a simple slide test (2001)

The acute phase response is accompanied by the appearance of aggregated red blood cells in the peripheral blood. The Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an indirect measurement of this enhanced aggregability. We adopted a simple slide test and image analysis to reveal the adhesiveness/aggregation of red blood cells. A significant correlation was found between the erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test (EAAT) and the ESR. A predictive model for ESR based on EAAT and the age of the patients was created. This new approach will enable us to obtain within a few minutes a good estimate of whether a given individual has a mild moderate or significant acute phase response. With further development, we will be able to use a bedside small cartridge that will deliver the extrapolated ESR at low costs and within a couple of minutes.
Quantum erasers and probing classifications of entanglement via nuclear magnetic resonance (2002)

We report the implementation of two- and three-spin quantum erasers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Quantum erasers provide a means of manipulating quantum entanglement, an important resource for quantum information processing. Here, we first use a two-spin system to illustrate the essential features of quantum erasers. The extension to a three-spin ``disentanglement eraser'' shows that entanglement in a subensemble can be recovered if a proper measurement of the ancillary system is carried out. Finally, we use the same pair of orthogonal decoherent operations used in quantum erasers to probe the two classes of entanglement in tripartite quantum systems: the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and the W state. A detailed presentation is given of the experimental decoherent control methods that emulate the loss of phase information in strong measurements, and the use of NMR decoupling techniques to implement partial trace operations.
1,4,8,11‐Tetraazacyclotetradecane‐5,7‐Dione ( Dioxocyclam ) Copper(II) and Aqueous Copper(III) Complexes (1985)

This chapter contains sections titled: 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-5,7-dione(dioxocyclam) 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-5,7-dionato(2-)copper(II),[Cu(dioxocyclamato(2-))]
Activated platelets induce superoxide anion release by monocytes and neutrophils through P-selectin (CD62). (1993)

Activated platelets expressing P-selectin in their surfaces are known to adhere to monocytes and neutrophils. We examined the possibility that the leukocytes are functionally modified by their adhesion to activated platelets. We used human peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils and measured superoxide anion generation by these cells cultured with platelets. The levels of superoxide anion production were found to be markedly elevated when thrombin-activated platelets were used. The extent of this enhancement was much smaller when leukocytes were cultured with resting platelets than activated platelets. The increase depended on incubation time and platelet concentration. The membranes prepared from activated platelets also induced superoxide anion production, but the culture supernatant of activated platelets did not. The enhanced superoxide anion production was inhibited by anti-P-selectin antibody, anti-sialyl-Lewis X antibody, or a soluble recombinant P-selectin fusion protein. These results indicate that the adhesion of activated platelets to the leukocytes through P-selectin was a crucial step for the activation of leukocyte function, and support the idea that activated platelets are actively involved in inflammation processes.
EUV mask reflectivity measurements with micron-scale spatial resolution (2008)

The effort to produce defect-free mask blanks for EUV lithography relies on increasing the detection sensitivity of advanced mask inspection tools, operating at several wavelengths. We describe the unique measurement capabilities of a prototype actinic (EUV wavelength) microscope that is capable of detecting small defects and reflectivity changes that occur on the scale of microns to nanometers. Types of defects: (a) Buried Substrate Defects: particles & pits (causes amplitude and/or phase variations); (b) Surface Contamination (reduces reflectivity and (possibly) contrast); (c) Damage from Inspection and Use (reduces the reflectivity of the multilayer coating). This paper presents an overview of several topics where scanning actinic inspection makes a unique contribution to EUVL research. We describe the role of actinic scanning inspection in four cases: defect repair studies; observations of laser damage; after scanning electron microscopy; and native and programmed defects.
An ISI Scrambling Technique for Dynamic Element Matching Current-Steering DACs (2021)

The linearity of high-resolution current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs) is often limited by inter-symbol interference (ISI). While dynamic element matching (DEM) can be applied to convert a portion of the ISI to uncorrelated noise instead of nonlinear distortion, DEM alone fails to prevent ISI from at least introducing strong second-order nonlinear distortion. This paper addresses this problem by proposing, analyzing, and experimentally demonstrating a low-cost add-on technique, called ISI scrambling, that, in conjunction with DEM, causes a DAC’s ISI to be free of nonlinear distortion. The ISI scrambling technique is demonstrated in a 1-GS/s, 14-bit DEM DAC implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. The DAC’s measured linearity is in line with the state-of-the-art and its measured output power spectra closely match those predicted by this paper’s theoretical results.
Bendamustine‐based conditioning prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT): Results of a French multicenter study of 474 patients from LYmphoma Study Association (LYSA) centers (2018)

Carmustine shortage has led to an increase use of alternative conditioning regimens prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for the treatment of lymphoma, including Bendamustine-based (BeEAM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the BeEAM regimen in a large cohort of patients. A total of 474 patients with a median age of 56 years were analyzed. The majority of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (43.5%). Bendamustine was administered at a median dose of 197 mg/m<sup>2</sup> /day (50-250) on days-7 and -6. The observed grade 1-4 toxicities included mucositis (83.5%), gastroenteritis (53%), skin toxicity (34%), colitis (29%), liver toxicity (19%), pneumonitis (5%), and cardiac rhythm disorders (4%). Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was reported in 3.3% of patients. Acute renal failure (ARF) was reported in 132 cases (27.9%) (G ≥2; 12.3%). Organ toxicities and death were more frequent in patients with post conditioning renal failure. In a multivariate analysis, pretransplant chronic renal failure, bendamustine dose >160 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and age were independent prognostic factors for ARF. Pretransplant chronic renal failure, hyperhydration volume, duration of hyperhydration, and etoposide dose were predictive factors of NRM. A simple, four-point scoring system can stratify patients by levels of risk for ARF and may allow for a reduction in the bendamustine dose to avoid toxicity. Drugs shortage may have dangerous consequences. Prospective, comparative studies are needed to confirm the toxicity/efficacy extents from this conditioning regimen compared to other types of high dose therapy.