gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomic and phenotypic analysis of SspH1 identifies a new Salmonella effector, SspH3 (2021)

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and is responsible for a range of diseases. Not all Salmonella contributes to severe health outcomes as there is a large degree of genetic heterogeneity among the 2,600 serovars within the genus. This variability across Salmonella serovars is linked to numerous genetic elements that dictate virulence. While several genetic elements encode virulence factors with well-documented contributions to pathogenesis, many genetic elements implicated in Salmonella virulence remain uncharacterized. Many pathogens encode a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are delivered into the cells that they infect using a Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS). These effectors, known as NEL-domain E3s, were first characterized in Salmonella. Most Salmonella encodes the NEL-effectors sspH2 and slrP, whereas only a subset of Salmonella encodes sspH1. SspH1 has been shown to ubiquitinate the mammalian protein kinase PKN1, which has been reported to negatively regulate the pro-survival program Akt. We discovered that SspH1 mediates the degradation of PKN1 during infection of a macrophage cell line but that this degradation does not impact Akt signaling. Genomic analysis of a large collection of Salmonella genomes identified a putative new gene, sspH3, with homology to sspH1. SspH3 is a novel NEL-domain effector.
Selective Service Law in the Ninth Circuit (1972)

istered, he has begun his participation in the complicated and highly fortuitous administrative maze known as the Selective Service System.Prior to 1970, no registrant legally escaped the administrative machinery at this early stage; however, since 1970, the registrant has been subject to a lottery drawing to determine possible exclusion from any active commitment in the armed services. 4 A registrant who becomes eligible for induction may well require some contact with the draft lawyer even at this preliminary stage.In any event, it is at this stage that the registrant must pay special attention to the "classification system" (I-A to IV-F).-Registrants are automatically classified I-A in absence of special facts, and the registrant would be well advised to press his claim for a special classificationother than I-A-at the earliest possible date; if there is a timing problem or if the draft board denies the request for special status, litigation may be necessary to resolve the controversy. Request for a Change of Classification Made Prior toMailing of Notice of Induction Duty of the Registrant: Making a Prima Facie Case for DefermentThe registrant must present his local draft board with sufficient evidence that he is entitled to a deferment before he has been mailed his notice of induction, in order for the board to be required to reopen the registrant's classification.(Upon such reopening, however, the reg-4.32 C.F.R. 1631.7 (1971)."Under the revised system a 'First Priority Selection Group' is established which will normally constitute the only group from which men will be called involuntarily into service, other than those delinquent in their obligations under the law, or medical, dental, and allied specialists (who are subject to special calls after they complete their professional training.)Those registrants who are not selected for induction during their 12-month period of exposure will then be placed into a lower priority category and will normally not be vulnerable for induction except under the unlikely circumstances that the First Priority Group is completely exhausted [sic].Thus, under normal conditions a young man will receive an earlier and more decisive answer to his question, 'Where do I stand with the draft?' and will be able to plan his life accordingly."SPECuL SUPPLEMENT, SELECTIVE SERV.L. REP. 4 (Presidential Proclamation of Nov. 26, 1969).5. The classifications are individually described at 32 C.F.R. 1622.10-.50
Survey of Security Challenges in NFC and RFID for E-Health Applications (2016)

Hospitals worldwide have implemented High Frequency (HF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) networks for supplies tracking in ER setting, in-patient identification, surgical instrument management, and other applications. Merging of Web, Near Filed Communication (NFC), and HF RFID technologies for their combined use in e-Health applications is a logical next step due to the wide availability of NFC-enabled smartphones. This article outlines some resulting security challenges. Tags are often compliant with multiple standards that operate in the same frequency range. For example, HF RFID tags have already been adopted for in-patient tracking, yet smartphone NFC reader apps can freely access data on those tags. While tag– or session–centered security protocols exist for some RFID standards (e.g. ISO/IEC 29167), no ISO security standard is currently available for HF RFID tags. In such systems, proper traffic characterization can lead to better understanding of operation under “normal” system state conditions and could potentially help to identify security breaches.
Effect of intraocular sustained release of indomethacin on postoperative inflammation and posterior capsule opacification (1996)

Although sustained release of indomethacin significantly decreased inflammation, it did not reduce PCO.
Increasing Cardiac Contractility After Myocardial Infarction Exacerbates Cardiac Injury and Pump Dysfunction (2010)

Maintaining myocyte contractility after MI, by increasing Ca(2+) influx, depresses rather than improves cardiac pump function after MI by reducing myocyte number.
Feedback Reduction in Uplink MIMO OFDM Systems by Chunk Optimization (2008)

The performance of multiuser MIMO systems can be significantly increased by channel aware scheduling and signal processing at the transmitters based on channel state information. In the multiple-antenna uplink multi-carrier scenario, the base station decides centrally on the optimal signal processing and spectral power allocation as well as scheduling. An interesting challenge is the reduction of the overhead in order to inform the mobiles about their transmit strategies. In this work, we propose to reduce the feedback by chunk processing and quantization. We maximize the weighted sum rate of a MIMO OFDM MAC under individual power constraints and chunk size constraints. An efficient iterative algorithm is developed and convergence proved. The feedback overhead as a function of the chunk size is considered in the rate computation and the optimal chunk size is determined by numerical simulations for various channel models. Finally, the issues of finite modulation and coding schemes as well as quantization of the preceding matrices are addressed.
MBI: Millimetre-wave bolometric interferometer (2002)

We present the design of the prototype of a millimeter-wave bolometric interferometer (MBI). This interferometer uses two arrays bolometers as detectors. The combination of high sensitivity bolometers and interferometric imaging appears to be well suited for precision measurements in observational cosmology.
Valence states and hybridization in vanadium oxide systems investigated by transmission electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (1993)

The electronic structure of vanadium oxides and (VO${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ is investigated by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. The O K pre-edge in (VO${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ is substantially different from that of vanadium oxides, whereas the profiles of V ${\mathit{L}}_{2}$/${\mathit{L}}_{3}$ transition show no significant differences between these materials. We attribute the change of the O K pre-edge to the change of local symmetry of oxygen atoms in (VO${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and the change of hybridization from pure d-p hybridization in vanadium oxide to mixed d-p-\ensuremath{\sigma} hybridization in (VO${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. It is also inferred that the V ${\mathit{L}}_{2}$/${\mathit{L}}_{3}$ transition ratio of (VO${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ is more like that of ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$.
A three-component monooxygenase from Rhodococcus wratislaviensis may expand industrial applications of bacterial enzymes (2021)

The high-valent iron-oxo species formed in the non-heme diiron enzymes have high oxidative reactivity and catalyze difficult chemical reactions. Although the hydroxylation of inert methyl groups is an industrially promising reaction, utilizing non-heme diiron enzymes as such a biocatalyst has been difficult. Here we show a three-component monooxygenase system for the selective terminal hydroxylation of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) into α-methyl-D-serine. It consists of the hydroxylase component, AibH1H2, and the electron transfer component. Aib hydroxylation is the initial step of Aib catabolism in Rhodococcus wratislaviensis C31-06, which has been fully elucidated through a proteome analysis. The crystal structure analysis revealed that AibH1H2 forms a heterotetramer of two amidohydrolase superfamily proteins, of which AibHm2 is a non-heme diiron protein and functions as a catalytic subunit. The Aib monooxygenase was demonstrated to be a promising biocatalyst that is suitable for bioprocesses in which the inert C-H bond in methyl groups need to be activated.
Allosterically Regulated Supramolecular Catalysis of Acyl Transfer Reactions for Signal Amplification and Detection of Small Molecules (2007)

The advent of methods for the construction of supramolecular assemblies provides a route to exploring the benefits of artificial allosteric catalysts. To expand our ability to control reactions using supramolecular catalysts capable of changing shape in response to chemical input signals, we report the development and high yield syntheses of multidomain modular supramolecular catalysts. These structures can be chemically interconverted between relatively inactive and catalytically active states depending on their shape. Furthermore, this class of supramolecular catalysts can be made to respond to a range of analytes via the introduction of specific structure control elements responsible for binding analyte molecules. Herein, we describe several of these catalysts and their ability to regulate acyl transfer reactions allosterically. In addition, the generality of this approach to signal amplification and detection is examined by incorporating the acyl transfer reaction into a small molecule detection scheme consisting of (i) analyte binding to structure control sites of the catalytic supramolecular assemblies, (ii) enhanced catalytic activity turned on by the resulting shape change, thereby allowing for signal amplification of the binding event, and (iii) signal detection by analysis of the products of the catalytic reaction.
Bringing natural killer cells to the clinic (2022)

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with around 10 million deaths every year. Despite huge advances due to immunotherapy, the majority of cancer patients present primary or secondary resistance to these treatments. In this Found in Translation, we focus on the approaches developed to harness the anti-tumor function of NK cells, suggesting promising strategies to complete the therapeutic arsenal of cancer immunotherapies.
SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors and Circuits Toward Terahertz Communication Applications (2004)

The relatively less exploited terahertz band possesses great potential for a variety of important applications, including communication applications that would benefit from the enormous bandwidth within the terahertz spectrum. This paper overviews an approach toward terahertz applications based on SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology, focusing on broad-band communication applications. The design, characteristics, and reliability of SiGe HBTs exhibiting record f/sub T/ of 375 GHz and associated f/sub max/ of 210 GHz are presented. The impact of device optimization on noise characteristics is described for both low-frequency and broad-band noise. Circuit implementations of SiGe technologies are demonstrated with selected circuit blocks for broad-band communication systems, including a 3.9-ps emitter coupled logic ring oscillator, a 100-GHz frequency divider, 40-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator, and a 70-Gb/s 4:1 multiplexer. With no visible limitation for further enhancement of device speed at hand, the march toward terahertz band with Si-based technology will continue for the foreseeable future.
Coronary Artery Disease Risk and Lipidomic Profiles Are Similar in Hyperlipidemias With Family History and Population-Ascertained Hyperlipidemias (2019)

Background We asked whether, after excluding familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL -C) or triacylglyceride levels and a family history of the same hyperlipidemia have greater coronary artery disease risk or different lipidomic profiles compared with population-based hyperlipidemias. Methods and Results We determined incident coronary artery disease risk for 755 members of 66 hyperlipidemic families (≥2 first-degree relatives with similar hyperlipidemia) and 19 644 Finnish FINRISK population study participants. We quantified 151 circulating lipid species from 550 members of 73 hyperlipidemic families and 897 FINRISK participants using mass spectrometric shotgun lipidomics. Familial hypercholesterolemia was excluded using functional LDL receptor testing and genotyping. Hyperlipidemias ( LDL -C or triacylglycerides &amp;gt;90th population percentile) associated with increased coronary artery disease risk in meta-analysis of the hyperlipidemic families and the population cohort (high LDL -C: hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.48-2.04]; high triacylglycerides: hazard ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.09-1.74]). Risk estimates were similar in the family and population cohorts also after adjusting for lipid-lowering medication. In lipidomic profiling, high LDL -C associated with 108 lipid species, and high triacylglycerides associated with 131 lipid species in either cohort (at 5% false discovery rate; P-value range 0.038-2.3×10-56). Lipidomic profiles were highly similar for hyperlipidemic individuals in the families and the population ( LDL -C: r=0.80; triacylglycerides: r=0.96; no lipid species deviated between the cohorts). Conclusions Hyperlipidemias with family history conferred similar coronary artery disease risk as population-based hyperlipidemias. We identified distinct lipidomic profiles associated with high LDL -C and triacylglycerides. Lipidomic profiles were similar between hyperlipidemias with family history and population-ascertained hyperlipidemias, providing evidence of similar and overlapping underlying mechanisms.
Body Image in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2014)

The BIDQ-S is an internally consistent outcomes instrument that correlated with the SRS-22, CDI, and BESAA outcomes instruments in a scoliosis population. The scores of the patients with scoliosis indicated greater back-related body image disturbance compared with healthy controls. To our knowledge, this user-friendly instrument is the first to examine body image disturbance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and it provides a comprehensive evaluation of how scoliosis-related appearance concerns impact psychosocial and daily functioning.
Agent-Based Peer-to-Peer Service Networks: A Study of Effectiveness and Structure Evolution (2004)

We study peer-to-peer service networks consisting of autonomous agents who seek and provide information services. Agents potentially help each other by giving referrals to guide the search. Each agent autonomously decides whom to contact for a service and whom to provide a service or a referral. Service networks evolve as the agents change their neighbors to improve how their needs are fulfilled. If an agent autonomously decides to, it may cache some responses from other (information) services. We observe that even a small cache improves agentsý success in discovering needed services and enables a few initial service providers to serve the information needs of many. Caching induces clustering of agents based on interest.
Vortex magnetization state in a GMR spin-valve type field sensor (2017)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present a different approach by using circularly shaped elements exhibiting a different magnetization state. The magnetic vortex is one of the fundamental magnetization ground states occurring in disk-shaped thin film elements and is characterized by minimization of the demagnetizing energy at the expense of exchange energy. The state is described as free of hysteresis and planar stray-fields, and discussed as potential oscillator in spin-torque systems, memory bits and magnetic field sensors. In order to compare important parameters like resistance, magnetoresistance amplitude, sensitivity, hysteresis, critical fields like nucleation and annihilation fields in dependence on the free layer thickness and disk radius, single and arrays (10 and 1750 in number) of GMR disks have been fabricated by optical lithography and contacted.
Nonlinear Maps for Design of Discrete-Time Models of Neuronal Network Dynamics (2016)

A new promising way to significantly improve computational efficiency of neurobiological network simulations is to design a neuronal model in the form of difference equations that generates neuronal states in discrete moments of time. In this approach, time step can be made comparable with the duration of action potential a spike and capture correctly dynamics of the intrinsic and input-responsive tiring patterns. We propose to use modern DSP ideas to develop new efficient approaches to the design of such discrete-time models for studies of large-scale neuronal network activity.
In vivo pump‐probe optical coherence tomography imaging in Xenopus laevis (2013)

Currently, optical coherence tomography (OCT), is not capable of obtaining molecular information often crucial for identification of disease. To enable molecular imaging with OCT, we have further developed a technique that harnesses transient changes in light absorption in the sample to garner molecular information. A Fourier-domain Pump-Probe OCT (PPOCT) system utilizing a 532 nm pump and 830 nm probe has been developed for imaging hemoglobin. Methylene blue, a biological dye with well-know photophysics, was used to characterize the system before investigating the origin of the hemoglobin PPOCT signal. The first in vivo PPOCT images were recorded of the vasculature in Xenopus laevis. The technique was shown to work equally well in flowing and nonflowing vessels. Furthermore, PPOCT was compared with other OCT extensions which require flow, such as Doppler OCT and phase-variance OCT. PPOCT was shown to better delineate tortuous vessels, where nodes often restrict Doppler and phase-variance reconstruction.
Invariance of the Bifactor Structure of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Symptoms on the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire Across Time, Demographic Characteristics, and Clinical Groups: A TRACK-TBI Study (2020)

This study aimed to elucidate the structure of the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and evaluate its longitudinal and group variance. Factor structures were developed and compared in 1,011 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; i.e., Glasgow Coma Scale score 13-15) from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI study, using RPQ data collected at 2 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. A bifactor model specifying a general factor and emotional, cognitive, and visual symptom factors best represented the latent structure of the RPQ. The model evinced strict measurement invariance over time and across sex, age, race, psychiatric history, and mTBI severity groups, indicating that differences in symptom endorsement were completely accounted for by these latent dimensions. While highly unidimensional, the RPQ has multidimensional features observable through a bifactor model, which may help differentiate symptom expression patterns in the future.
Fine epitope signature of antibody neutralization breadth at the HIV-1 envelope CD4-binding site (2018)

Major advances in donor identification, antigen probe design, and experimental methods to clone pathogen-specific antibodies have led to an exponential growth in the number of newly characterized broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that recognize the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Characterization of these bnAbs has defined new epitopes and novel modes of recognition that can result in potent neutralization of HIV-1. However, the translation of envelope recognition profiles in biophysical assays into an understanding of in vivo activity has lagged behind, and identification of subjects and mAbs with potent antiviral activity has remained reliant on empirical evaluation of neutralization potency and breadth. To begin to address this discrepancy between recombinant protein recognition and virus neutralization, we studied the fine epitope specificity of a panel of CD4-binding site (CD4bs) antibodies to define the molecular recognition features of functionally potent humoral responses targeting the HIV-1 envelope site bound by CD4. Whereas previous studies have used neutralization data and machine-learning methods to provide epitope maps, here, this approach was reversed, demonstrating that simple binding assays of fine epitope specificity can prospectively identify broadly neutralizing CD4bs-specific mAbs. Building on this result, we show that epitope mapping and prediction of neutralization breadth can also be accomplished in the assessment of polyclonal serum responses. Thus, this study identifies a set of CD4bs bnAb signature amino acid residues and demonstrates that sensitivity to mutations at signature positions is sufficient to predict neutralization breadth of polyclonal sera with a high degree of accuracy across cohorts and across clades.
[Thieno[3,4-c]quinoline-4-yl-amines--synthesis and investigation of activity against malaria]. (2006)

The 4-aryl derivative 3, obtained by Suzuki cross coupling of the methyl 4-bromothiophene-3-carboxylate (2) with 2-nitrophenylboronic acid cyclizes under reductive conditions pH-dependant to yield the tricyclic hydroxamic acid 4 or the lactam 5. The chlorothieno[3,4-c]quinoline 6 was formed by reaction of the lactam 5 with P,P-dichlorophenylphosphinoxide. The amines 7-14 were synthesized from the chloroimine 6. Compounds 7a,b, 8, 9, 10b, 11, 12 and 14a, b were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity using the chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and the chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain Dd2. The highest activity were shown by 10b with IC50 values of 130 nM and 50 nM, respectively and by 11 with IC50 values of 190 nM and 44 nM, respectively.
Utility of the TracCell System in Mapping Papanicolaou-Stained Cytologic Material (1997)

By making it possible to automatically guide the human screener to the material of interest, the TracCell system eliminates the need to review empty space and irrelevant areas of the slide. This has the immediate advantage of improved productivity. In addition, by reducing the need to review neutral background material, the system increases the signal-to-noise ratio, thus contributing to a sustained level of vigilance in the screener. The system also addresses operator fatigue through computer-assisted focus and speed variation. This instrument is for investigational use only. The performance characteristics of the device have not been established.