gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending the Argument: Budget Constraints and Patterns of Growth in China (1998)

IN previous chapters, a constraints-based approach – the nested problems dynamic – was used to explain the particular problem of urban SOE restructuring. In this chapter, we will explore the broader implications of the nested problems dynamic. What can the constraints-based approach tell us about reform beyond the SOE sector? Can the same concepts used to illuminate patterns of urban industrial stagnation also help us understand the phenomenal growth of Chinese rural industry? More broadly, to what extent can a constraints-based approach change our perspective on the overall drivers of growth in postcommand economies? How might our sense of the “appropriate” package of reform policies to adopt change as a result?
CD301b/MGL2 + Mononuclear Phagocytes Orchestrate Autoimmune Cardiac Valve Inflammation and Fibrosis (2018)

CD301b/MGL2<sup>+</sup> MNPs are key drivers of autoimmune MVD in K/B.g7 mice and are also present in human rheumatic heart disease. We define key inflammatory molecules that drive MVD in this model, including Syk, TNF, interleukin-6, very late antigen-4, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
Interfacial Structure and Interfacial Tension in Model Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (2021)

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are widely used materials with outstanding mechanical properties. The wettability between the polymer matrix and carbon fiber in the interphase region significantly influences the strength of the composite. Sizing agents consisting of multiple components are therefore frequently applied to improve wetting and interfacial adhesion between polymers and carbon fiber in CFRPs. However, the complex compositions of sizing solutions make detailed interpretations of their impacts on interfacial wetting difficult. In this work, surface-sensitive sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the sizing/polymer and sizing/carbon fiber interfacial structures to gain molecular-level understandings of the wetting improvements afforded by sizing. A mixture sizing solution containing polyethylenimine (PEI, adhesion promoter) and Lutensol (surfactant) was investigated when contacting nylon (model plastics), polypropylene (model plastics), and graphite (model carbon fiber). Our results demonstrated that although the addition of the surfactant led to an interfacial tension decrease (in comparison to pure PEI solution) on nylon and polypropylene, the interfacial tension was surprisingly increased on graphite, contrasting with the commonly accepted function of surfactants. SFG characterizations revealed the multilayer molecular structures at these buried interfaces. The peculiar interfacial tension increase at the graphite/sizing interface was then correlated to the strong amine-π interactions between PEI and graphite. PEI was therefore demonstrated to be an effective adhesion promoter for carbon fiber. This article reports the first investigation of (polymer + surfactant) complex structures at solid-liquid interfaces. The valuable structural insights obtained by SFG analysis enable more accurate understandings of the composition-wettability (structure-function) relationship. These detailed understandings of interactions between sizing and the substrates promote more informed and optimized selections of sizing formulae.
Effect of the intervally scattering time on LSA oscillations (1968)

Relaxation effect for intervalley scattering of electrons has a great influence on LSA oscillations at high frequencies. The dc to RF conversion efficiency of LSA oscillations monotonically decreases with frequencies higher than 10 GHz in n-GaAs and vanishes at several hundred GHz.
Supplementary Figure 5 from A High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen–Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Redirects Lymphocytes to Target Human Melanomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from A High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen–Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Redirects Lymphocytes to Target Human Melanomas
Max–Min Fairness Beamforming With Rate-Splitting Multiple Access: Optimization Without a Toolbox (2022)

We propose a max-min fairness (MMF) design method in a multi-antenna downlink network, where rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is adopted. A main aim in the considered MMF problem is providing uniformly good rates to users, by carefully controlling the rate of each private and common message, respectively. Solving this problem is challenging since multiple optimization variables, i.e., beamforming vectors and common message portions, are intricately intertwined in a non-tractable objective function. To resolve these obstacles, we first split a whole problem into two stages. In the first stage, we identify beamforming vectors given common message portion by exploiting the LogSumExp (LSE) approximation technique and the novel generalized power iteration (GPI) framework. In the second stage, we determine common message portions under fixed beamforming vectors. Iterating these two stages, we jointly design beamforming vectors and common message portion accordingly. Via simulations, we demonstrate that our method outperforms existing other frameworks in terms of the minimum rate, while requiring extremely small computational complexity.
The Neural Substrate of Picture Naming (1999)

A PET study of 10 normal males was carried out using the bolus H215O intravenous injection technique to examine the effects of picture naming and semantic judgment on blood flow. In a series of conditions, subjects (1) passively viewed flashing plus signs, (2) noted the occurrence of abstract patterns, (3) named animal pictures, or (4) carried out a semantic judgment on animal pictures. Anticipatory scans were carried out after the subjects were presented with the instructions but before they began the cognitive task, as they were passively viewing plus signs. Our results serve to clarify a number of current controversies regarding the neural substrate of picture naming. The results indicate that the fusiform gyrus is unlikely to be the region where low-level perceptual processing such as shape analysis is undertaken. In fact, our evidence suggests that activation of the fusiform gyrus is most likely related to visual perceptual semantic processing. In addition, the inferior/middle frontal lobe activity observed while performing the picture naming and semantic judgment tasks does not appear to be due to the effects of anticipation or preparation. Furthermore, there appears to be a set of regions (a semantic network) that becomes activated regardless of whether the subjects perform a picture naming or semantic judgment task. Finally, picture naming of animals did not activate either parietal regions or anterior inferior left temporal regions, regardless of what subtraction baseline was used.
Abstract C33: N-terminal fragment of Bit1 apoptotic protein induces autophagy in tumor cells (2011)

Abstract Bit1 is a proapoptotic mitochondrial protein associated with anoikis, cell death resulting from the loss of cell attachment to extracellular matrix. Upon cell detachment, Bit1 is released into the cytoplasm, where it complexes with the Groucho family protein amino-terminal enhancer of split, and triggers cell death through a caspase-independent pathway. Bit1 consists of 179 amino acids; the N-terminal 62 amino acid mitochondrial localization domain, a transmembrane domain, and the C-terminal peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase domain. In the present study, we localized the Bit1 cell death domain (BCDD) to the N-terminal 62 amino acids of Bit1 by introducing truncated Bit1 proteins into the cytoplasm with cDNAtransfection and protein transduction. BCDD was more potent than the full-length Bit1 protein, when equivalent amounts of cDNA was transfected. Treatment of cultured prostate and breast cancer cells with recombinant proteins in which BCDD was fused with two cell-internalizing peptides, one of which is tumor specific, also caused cell death. Bit1 and BCDD shared the characteristics previously attributed to Bit1-induced cell death. In addition, we found that the cells exhibited the signs of autophagy. These results define the cell death domain in Bit1 and reveal autophagy as the main mechanism of Bit1-induced cell death. Tumor-targeted exogenous BCDD may have potential as an anticancer agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr C33.
Crystal Structure and Immunogenicity of the DS-Cav1-Stabilized Fusion Glycoprotein From Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subtype B (2019)

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtypes, A and B, co-circulate in annual epidemics and alternate in dominance. We have shown that a subtype A RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein, stabilized in its prefusion conformation by DS-Cav1 mutations, is a promising RSV-vaccine immunogen, capable of boosting RSV-neutralizing titers in healthy adults. In both humans and vaccine-tested animals, neutralizing titers elicited by this subtype A DS-Cav1 immunogen were ~ 2- to 3-fold higher against the homologous subtype A virus than against the heterologous subtype B virus.Methods: To understand the molecular basis for this subtype difference, we introduced DS-Cav1 mutations into RSV strain B18537 F, determined the trimeric crystal structure, and carried out immunogenicity studies.Results: The B18537 DS-Cav1 F structure at 2-Å resolution afforded a precise delineation of prefusion F characteristics, including those of antigenic site Ø, a key trimer-apex site. Structural comparison with the subtype A prefusion F indicated 11% of surface residues to be different, with an alpha-carbon root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 1.2 Å; antigenic site Ø, however, resulted in 23% of its surface residues and had an alpha-carbon RMSD of 2.2 Å. Immunization of vaccine-tested animals with DS-Cav1-stabilized B18537 F induced neutralizing responses ~100-fold higher than with postfusion B18537 F. Notably, elicited responses neutralized RSV subtypes A and B at similar levels and were directed towards both conserved equatorial and diverse apical regions.Conclusion: We propose that structural differences in apical and equatorial sites–coupled to differently focused immune responses–provide a molecular explanation for observed differences in elicited subtype A and B neutralizing responses.Keywords: antigenic site; crystal structure; epitope; fusion glycoprotein; immunogenicity; neutralization; RSV subtype; vaccine
Growth Properties of Cardiac Stem Cells Are a Novel Biomarker of Patients’ Outcome After Coronary Bypass Surgery (2013)

The telomere-telomerase axis, population-doubling time, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression in CSCs, together with a high circulating level of insulin-like growth factor-1, represent a novel biomarker able to predict the evolution of ischemic cardiomyopathy following revascularization.
Heteronuclear Ribonucleoproteins C1 and C2, Components of the Spliceosome, Are Specific Targets of Interleukin 1β-converting Enzyme-like Proteases in Apoptosis (1996)

Apoptosis induced by a variety of agents results in the proteolytic cleavage of a number of cellular substrates by enzymes related to interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme (ICE). A small number of substrates for these enzymes have been identified to date, including enzymes involved in DNA repair processes: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-dependent protein kinase. We describe here for the first time the specific cleavage of the heteronuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) C1 and C2 in apoptotic cells induced to undergo apoptosis by a variety of stimuli, including ionizing radiation, etoposide, and ceramide. No cleavage was observed in cells that are resistant to apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. Protease inhibitor data implicate the involvement of an ICE-like protease in the cleavage of hnRNP C. Using recombinant ICE-like proteases and purified hnRNP C proteins in vitro, we show that the C proteins are cleaved by Mch3alpha and CPP32 and, to a lesser extent, by Mch2alpha, but not by ICE, Nedd2, Tx, or the cytotoxic T-cell protease granzyme B. The results described here demonstrate that the hnRNP C proteins, abundant nuclear proteins thought to be involved in RNA splicing, belong to a critical set of protein substrates that are cleaved by ICE-like proteases during apoptosis.
Differences between transient and steady-state mass transport in high free volume glassy polymers (2005)

The transport properties of high free volume glassy polymers and in particular of PTMSP was inspected by comparing in particular the steady state permeation behavior with the transient diffusion of light hydrocarbons. It has been remarkable observed that the apparent diffusivity measured in the two different modes are indeed quite different from one another even by nearly an order of magnitude. The behavior can be clearly explained by considering the high free volume glassy polymer as a two-phase system formed by a continuous solid phase and a discontinuous nanovoid phase, the distribution of which explains the observed behavior
Evaluation of the effects of PET modules on the RF field distribution of an integrated PET/RF-coil modality (2015)

The aim of this study is to conduct experimental evaluation of the effect of PET module on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system's radiofrequency (RF) field transmission (B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> ) distribution for a separate head PET/RF-coil modality developed by integrating PET modules (in cylindrical format) in between the 8-elements of a birdcage RF coil for human brain imaging in a 3T Siemens Magnetom Verio MRI system [1]. Knowledge of B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> field will enable us for ensuring quality control of RF coil, correcting results of various quantitative methods, validating theoretical models of electromagnetic field calculations, etc. [2,3].
Radio Resource Management in UMTS/HSPA Networks (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Admission and Congestion Control Packet Scheduler HSDPA Power Allocation Power Control and Link Adaptation Mobility Management Summary References
Ventricular rupture during coronary angioplasty for acute reinfarction (1998)

Ventricular rupture following acute myocardial infarction usually leads to hemopericardium and death from cardiac tamponade. We describe a patient who had cardiac rupture during direct angioplasty for reinfarction 3 days following an acute anterior myocardial infarction. In this instance, ventricular rupture presented as a severe form of reperfusion injury. The current literature on reperfusion injury and risk factors for cardiac rupture are discussed. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 43:190–194, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preprotein signature for full susceptibility to the co‐translational translocation inhibitor cyclotriazadisulfonamide (2019)

Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) inhibits the co-translational translocation of human CD4 (huCD4) into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in a signal peptide (SP)-dependent way. We propose that CADA binds the nascent huCD4 SP in a folded conformation within the translocon resembling a normally transitory state during translocation. Here, we used alanine scanning on the huCD4 SP to identify the signature for full susceptibility to CADA. In accordance with our previous work, we demonstrate that residues in the vicinity of the hydrophobic h-region are critical for sensitivity to CADA. In particular, exchanging Gln-15, Val-17 or Pro-20 in the huCD4 SP for Ala resulted in a resistant phenotype. Together with positively charged residues at the N-terminal portion of the mature protein, these residues mediate full susceptibility to the co-translational translocation inhibitory activity of CADA towards huCD4. In addition, sensitivity to CADA is inversely related to hydrophobicity in the huCD4 SP. In vitro translocation experiments confirmed that the general hydrophobicity of the h-domain and positive charges in the mature protein are key elements that affect both the translocation efficiency of huCD4 and the sensitivity towards CADA. Besides these two general SP parameters that determine the functionality of the signal sequence, unique amino acid pairs (L14/Q15 and L19/P20) in the SP hydrophobic core add specificity to the sensitivity signature for a co-translational translocation inhibitor.
Biologie der Methan‐Bildung (1981)

Abstract Es ist seit langem bekannt, daß überall in der Natur, wo organisches Material unter anaeroben Bedingungen mikrobiell abgebaut wird, Methan entsteht. Diese Fähigkeit anaerober Bakterien, organische Substanzen zu Methan und Kohlendioxid abzubauen, wird im großtechnischen Maßstab seit über 50 Jahren zur Stabilisierung von Klärschlamm genutzt. In jüngster Zeit konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß bei diesem Prozeß mindestens drei verschiedene Gruppen von Bakterien beteiligt sind. Bei dieser Abbau‐ bzw. Nahrungskette werden zunächst die verschiedenen organischen Verbindungen zu niedrigen Alkoholen, Fettsäuren, Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid von einer Bakteriengruppe abgebaut. Die zweite Mikroorganismen‐Gruppe setzt diese Alkohole, Säuren etc. weiter zu Essigsäure, Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid um, welche dann von den Methan‐Bakterien als Substrat verwertet und in Methan und Kohlendioxid (Biogas) umgewandelt werden.
The coordinate bond and the nature of complex inorganic compounds. II. Double-bonding, the promotion of electrons, and the kinetic effects of bond type (1956)

Examines the occurrence and importance of double-bonds in complex compounds, the promotion of electrons in the course of bonding reactions, and the relationship of covalent character to the kinetics of substitution reactions.
Immune Response to Infection withMycobacterium ulcerans (2001)

Mycobacterium ulcerans is a slow-growing, acid-fast bacillus that causes chronic necrotizing skin ulcers known as Buruli ulcers. Previously reported information on immunity to this mycobacterium is limited. We examined immune responses to M. ulcerans and M. bovis BCG in patients with M. ulcerans disease and in 20 healthy control subjects (10 tuberculin test positive and 10 tuberculin test negative). Cell-mediated immunity was assessed by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with whole mycobacteria and then measuring PBMC proliferation and the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Humoral immunity was assessed by immunoblotting. PBMC from all subjects showed significantly greater proliferation and IFN-gamma production in response to stimulation with living mycobacteria compared with killed cells. However, PBMC from subjects with past or current M. ulcerans disease showed significantly reduced proliferation and production of IFN-gamma in response to stimulation with live M. ulcerans or M. bovis than PBMC from healthy, tuberculin test-positive subjects (P < 0.001) and showed results in these assays comparable to those of tuberculin test-negative subjects (P > 0.2). Serum from 9 of 11 patients with M. ulcerans disease, but no control subject, contained antibodies to M. ulcerans. The results indicate that patients with M. ulcerans infection mount an immune response to M. ulcerans as evidenced by antibody production, but they demonstrate profound systemic T-cell anergy to mycobacterial antigens. These findings may explain some of the distinct clinical and pathological features of M. ulcerans-induced disease.
A Data-Driven Correction of Ultrasonic Source and Receiver Spectral Amplitude Variations (2012)

The application of phase arrays is growing for NDT applications. State of the art ultrasonic arrays consist of many small piezo-electric elements that can be excited separately to synthesize a desired wave front. This may vary from simple plane waves to complex-shaped focusing wave fields. An implicit requirement is that the source strength (sensitivity) of all elements is equal, to prevent artifacts in the generated wave front. The same holds for the detection of ultrasonic waves. In typical commercial ultrasonic arrays, however, the sensitivity variations can be significant: amplitude variations of Â± 3 dB are not uncommon. Pulse-echo data can be used for calibration of element strengths, but has some limitations. Pulse-echo corrections can only be implemented accurately when the sensitivity in transmission is equal to the sensitivity in detection. For ultrasonic measurements this is not necessarily true when separate transmit and receiver arrays are used, but is also not evident when the same array is used. A new data-drive method is demonstrated that can be used to determine the frequency dependent sensitivity of each element in a phase array in emission and detection separately.
Performance evaluation of tracking based on a low pass filter model (1975)

The performance of a human in a closed loop tracking task can be determined by using a simple low pass filter model with a least squares identification algorithm. The crossover model and the extended crossover model can be shown to be special cases of the low pass filter model presented here. Performance in tracking can be easily determined by mean square tracking error which can be written in terms of the parameters of the low pass filter model. A closed form expression for the effective time delay is also obtained. Experimental data from a roll axis tracking simulation is presented and simple prediction rules are determined. A comparison is made between this model and the crossover model with respect to their differences and similarities.
The sexual spore pigment asperthecin is required for normal ascospore production and protection from UV light in Aspergillus nidulans (2021)

Many fungi develop both asexual and sexual spores that serve as propagules for dissemination and/or recombination of genetic traits. Asexual spores are often heavily pigmented and this pigmentation provides protection from UV light. However, little is known about any purpose pigmentation that may serve for sexual spores. The model Ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans produces both green pigmented asexual spores (conidia) and red pigmented sexual spores (ascospores). Here we find that the previously characterized red pigment, asperthecin, is the A. nidulans ascospore pigment. The asperthecin biosynthetic gene cluster is composed of three genes: aptA, aptB, and aptC, where deletion of either aptA (encoding a polyketide synthase) or aptB (encoding a thioesterase) yields small, mishappen hyaline ascospores; while deletion of aptC (encoding a monooxygenase) yields morphologically normal but purple ascospores. ∆aptA and ∆aptB but not ∆aptC or wild type ascospores are extremely sensitive to UV light. We find that two historical ascospore color mutants, clA6 and clB1, possess mutations in aptA and aptB sequences, respectively.
Amantadine-Oseltamivir Combination therapy for H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice (2007)

Combination chemotherapy provided a survival advantage over single-agent treatment of mice inoculated with neurotropic H5N1 influenza virus. This strategy might be an option for the control of pandemic influenza viruses that are sensitive to amantadine. Combinations that include other drugs should be explored.
Modulation Distortion Analysis for Mixers and Frequency Converters (2020)

This paper describes a method to characterize signal distortion, both linear and non-linear, caused by mixers and frequency converters under modulated operating conditions. The method extends the recently introduced modulation distortion analysis for amplifiers to mixers and frequency converters. The measurements are performed using a vector network analyzer and a vector signal generator. The input signals are repetitive and can be designed to match the statistical and spectral characteristics of any given modulation format.