gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distance-Based Ecological Driving Scheme Using a Two-Stage Hierarchy for Long-Term Optimization and Short-Term Adaptation (2016)

This paper proposes a distance-based ecological (eco)-driving scheme with two stages: one for long-term speed optimization and the other for short-term adaptation to actual traffic conditions. Before departure, the speed profile for an entire route is optimized in a distance domain by using characteristics of the drivetrain and road conditions. Then, while driving, the speed at only the next location is controlled to follow the optimal speed profile and adapt it for traffic conditions, which allows for real-time adaptation, maintaining optimal driving in the long term. To localize the change of the optimal speed profile due to traffic conditions, models for fuel rate of a conventional vehicle and vehicle propulsion systems were formulated in a distance domain, and a distance-based optimal speed profile was generated. The proposed eco-driving scheme is optimized by the quadratic programming method, and its validity is tested by simulation.
Prolyl 3-Hydroxylase 2 Is a Molecular Player of Angiogenesis (2021)

Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 (<i>P3H2</i>) catalyzes the post-translational formation of 3-hydroxyproline on collagens, mainly on type IV. Its activity has never been directly associated to angiogenesis. Here, we identified <i>P3H2</i> gene through a deep-sequencing transcriptome analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Differently from many previous studies we carried out the stimulation not on starved HUVECs, but on cells grown to maintain the best condition for their in vitro survival and propagation. We showed that <i>P3H2</i> is induced by VEGF-A in two primary human endothelial cell lines and that its transcription is modulated by VEGF-A/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling pathway through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Then, we demonstrated that <i>P3H2</i>, through its activity on type IV Collagen, is essential for angiogenesis properties of endothelial cells in vitro by performing experiments of gain- and loss-of-function. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the overexpression of <i>P3H2</i> induced a more condensed status of Collagen IV, accompanied by an alignment of the cells along the Collagen IV bundles, so towards an evident pro-angiogenic status. Finally, we found that <i>P3H2</i> knockdown prevents pathological angiogenesis in vivo, in the model of laser-induced choroid neovascularization. Together these findings reveal that <i>P3H2</i> is a new molecular player involved in new vessels formation and could be considered as a potential target for anti-angiogenesis therapy.
Piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical resonators based on aluminum nitride thin films (2009)

We demonstrate piezoelectrically actuated, electrically tunable nanomechanical resonators based on multilayers containing a 100-nm-thin aluminum nitride (AlN) layer. Efficient piezoelectric actuation of very high frequency fundamental flexural modes up to ∼80 MHz is demonstrated at room temperature. Thermomechanical fluctuations of AlN cantilevers measured by optical interferometry enable calibration of the transduction responsivity and displacement sensitivities of the resonators. Measurements and analyses show that the 100 nm AlN layer employed has an excellent piezoelectric coefficient, d31=2.4 pm/V. Doubly clamped AlN beams exhibit significant frequency tuning behavior with applied dc voltage.
Small Hsps as Therapeutic Targets of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein (2021)

Human small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that regulate fundamental cellular processes in normal and pathological cells. Here, we have reviewed the role played by HspB1, HspB4 and HspB5 in the context of Cystic Fibrosis (CF), a severe monogenic autosomal recessive disease linked to mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator protein (CFTR) some of which trigger its misfolding and rapid degradation, particularly the most frequent one, F508del-CFTR. While HspB1 and HspB4 favor the degradation of CFTR mutants, HspB5 and particularly one of its phosphorylated forms positively enhance the transport at the plasma membrane, stability and function of the CFTR mutant. Moreover, HspB5 molecules stimulate the cellular efficiency of currently used CF therapeutic molecules. Different strategies are suggested to modulate the level of expression or the activity of these small heat shock proteins in view of potential in vivo therapeutic approaches. We then conclude with other small heat shock proteins that should be tested or further studied to improve our knowledge of CFTR processing.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene to Styrene on a Mixed Mo–V–Te–NbОх Oxide Catalyst under Thermal and Microwave Heating (2019)

A comparative study of the activity of a mixed oxide catalyst in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) to styrene at atmospheric pressure using О2 and СО2 as oxidants under conditions of conventional thermal and microwave heating is preformed. The dependences of conversion and selectivity on the composition of reaction mixtures are established. It is shown that replacing oxygen with CO2 leads to a substantial reduction in the conversion of EB with a simultaneous increase in the selectivity of the process. It is established that microwave heating with O2 used as an oxidizer provides increased efficiency of the process in the range of moderate (up to 420°С) temperatures. It is shown that the phase composition of the mixed oxide catalyst changes at higher temperatures. It is suggested this phenomenon is due to the appearance of hot points at the active reaction centers.
ARA290 Improves Insulin Release and Glucose Tolerance in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats (2015)

Effects of ARA290 on glucose homeostasis were studied in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. In GK rats receiving ARA290 daily for up to 4 wks, plasma glucose concentrations were lower after 3 and 4 wks, and hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) was reduced by ~20% without changes in whole body and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was increased in islets from ARA290-treated rats. Additionally, in response to glucose, carbachol and KCl, islet cytoplasmic free Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations, [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>, were higher and the frequency of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> oscillations enhanced compared with placebo. ARA290 also improved stimulus-secretion coupling for glucose in GK rat islets, as shown by an improved glucose oxidation rate, ATP production and acutely enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. ARA290 also exerted an effect distal to the ATP-sensitive potassium (K<sub>ATP</sub>) channel on the insulin exocytotic pathway, since the insulin response was improved following islet depolarization by KCl when K<sub>ATP</sub> channels were kept open by diazoxide. Finally, inhibition of protein kinase A completely abolished effects of ARA290 on insulin secretion. In conclusion, ARA290 improved glucose tolerance without affecting hematocrit in diabetic GK rats. This effect appears to be due to improved γ-cell glucose metabolism and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> handling, and thereby enhanced glucose-induced insulin release.
Sequential Electrochemical Unzipping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Graphene Ribbons Revealed by in Situ Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging (2013)

We report an in situ Raman spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of the electrochemical unzipping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Observations of the radial breathing modes (RBMs) using Raman spectral mapping reveal that metallic SWNTs are opened up rapidly followed by gradual unzipping of semiconducting SWNTs. Consideration of the resonant Raman scattering theory suggests that two metallic SWNTs with chiralities (10, 4) and (12, 0) get unzipped first at a lower electrode potential (0.36 V) followed by the gradual unzipping of another two metallic tubes, (9, 3) and (10, 1), at a relatively higher potential (1.16 V). The semiconducting SWNTs with chiralities (11, 7) and (12, 5), however, get open up gradually at ±1.66 V. A rapid decrease followed by a subsequent gradual decrease in the metallicity of the SWNT ensemble as revealed from a remarkable variation of the peak width of the G band complies well with the variations of RBM. Cyclic voltammetry also gives direct evidence for unzipping in terms of improved capacitance after oxidation followed by more important removal of oxygen functionalities during the reduction step, as reflected in subtle changes of the morphology confirming the formation of graphene nanoribbons. The density functional-based tight binding calculations show additional dependence of chirality and diameter of nanotubes on the epoxide binding energies, which is in agreement with the Raman spectroscopic results and suggests a possible mechanism of unzipping determined by combined effects of the structural characteristics of SWNTs and applied field.
Functional assembly and characterization of a modular xylanosome for hemicellulose hydrolysis in yeast (2012)

Five trimeric xylanosomes were successfully assembled on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three dockerin-tagged fungal enzymes, an endoxylanase (XynAc) from Thermomyces lanuginosus, a β-xylosidase (XlnDt) from Aspergillus niger and an acetylxylan esterase (AwAXEf) from Aspergillus awamori, were displayed for the synergistic saccharification of birchwood xylan. The surface-expression scaffoldins were modular constructs with or without carbohydrate binding modules from Thermotoga maritima (family 22) or Clostridium thermocellum (family 3). The synergy due to enzyme-enzyme and enzyme-substrate proximity, and the effects of binding domain choice and position on xylan hydrolysis were determined. The scaffoldin-based enzymes (with no binding domain) showed a 1.6-fold increase in hydrolytic activity over free enzymes; this can be attributed to enzyme-enzyme proximity within the scaffoldin. The addition of a xylan binding domain from T. maritima improved hydrolysis by 2.1-fold relative to the scaffoldin without a binding domain (signifying enzyme-substrate synergy), and 3.3-fold over free enzymes, with a xylose productivity of 105 mg g(-1) substrate after 72 h hydrolysis. This system was also superior to the xylanosome carrying the cellulose binding module from C. thermocellum by 1.4-fold. Furthermore, swapping the xylan binding module position within the scaffoldin resulted in 1.5-fold more hydrolysis when the binding domain was adjacent to the endoxylanase. These results demonstrate the applicability of designer xylanosomes toward hemicellulose saccharification in yeast, and the importance of the choice and position of the carbohydrate binding module for enhanced synergy.
Expression of Telomerase RNA Template, but Not Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, Is Limiting for Telomere Length Maintenance In Vivo (2004)

Telomerase consists of two essential components, the telomerase RNA template (TR) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). The haplo-insufficiency of TR was recently shown to cause one form of human dyskeratosis congenita, an inherited disease marked by abnormal telomere shortening. Consistent with this finding, we recently reported that mice heterozygous for inactivation of mouse TR exhibit a similar haplo-insufficiency and are deficient in the ability to elongate telomeres in vivo. To further assess the genetic regulation of telomerase activity, we have compared the abilities of TR-deficient and TERT-deficient mice to maintain or elongate telomeres in interspecies crosses. Homozygous TERT knockout mice had no telomerase activity and failed to maintain telomere length. In contrast, TERT(+/-) heterozygotes had no detectable defect in telomere elongation compared to wild-type controls, whereas TR(+/-) heterozygotes were deficient in telomere elongation. Levels of TERT mRNA in heterozygous mice were one-third to one-half the levels expressed in wild-type mice, similar to the reductions in telomerase RNA observed in TR heterozygotes. These findings indicate that both TR and TERT are essential for telomere maintenance and elongation but that gene copy number and transcriptional regulation of TR, but not TERT, are limiting for telomerase activity under the in vivo conditions analyzed.
A possible animal model for relapsing primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): the Buffalo/Mna rats. (1999)

541 Aims: BUF/Mna rats develop spontaneously FSGS (Nakamura et al., Nephron, 1986). To investigate the relevance of this syndrome as a animal model of human idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), we have analysed its sensitivity to immunosuppressive drugs and its possible relapse on kidney transplantation. Methods: BUF/Mna rats (5 per group) received either Methylprednisolone (MP, 1mg/kg/day-IP), Cyclosporin A (CsA, 10mg/kg/day-PO), association of MP-CsA or cyclophosphamide (50mg/kg/week-IV) for 61 days. Saline or olive oil were given as controls. In addition, six proteinuric BUF/Mna rats (RT1u) of 4.5-month old, received a kidney from healthy and MHC compatible LEW.1W rat after induction of specific tolerance (DST). Control group was of 4 Wistar Furth rats receving LEW.1 kidneys. For all experiments, proteinuria was measured by calculating the ratio [urinary proteins]/[urinary creatinine] (g/mmol). Results: A significant decrease in proteinuria was observed for all the treatments, 40 to 60% decreased after 21 days under treatment while the renal function remains stable. In contrast, whatever the control vehicle, the proteinuria remained stable or increased. In transplanted rats, recurrence of proteinuria appeared around 48 days after kidney transplantation in 5/6 of the animals. This proteinuria increased to become massive (2.12±0.68 g/mmol) and blood creatinine levels were increased (175±61 μmol/l) on day 122. Light and electron microscopy revealed significant focal sclerotic glomeruli compared to control. The histological pattern was similar to that observed in aged BUF/Mna rats (> 18 months). There is no sign of acute/chronic rejection. Conclusion: Proteinuria of BUF/Mna rats is partially sensitive to several immunosuppressive drugs usually given in the INS. Our preliminary observation of the transplanted animals, supports the possibility that the initial disease recurs on a normal kidney when a tolerance regimen is administred. This observation could improves our understanding of the mecanisms of INS lesion and suggest the presence of circulating proteinuria inducing factor in these animals.
Measuring attostrains in a slow-light fiber Bragg grating (2016)

We report a new generation of slow-light FBG strain sensor with a strain resolution (or minimum detectable strain) as low as 30 fepsilon/&radic;Hz at 30 kHz, which is one order of magnitude lower than the record held by the previous generation. This sensor has an ultra-stable output (no drift in 4 days) and is capable of resolving an absolute strain of ~250 attostrains by integrating its output for ~8 hours, which is also a new record for an FBG fiber sensor. These improvements were accomplished by first maximizing the slope of the slow-light resonances, and hence the strain sensitivity. To this end the apodized FBG was written in a deuterium-loaded fiber with a femtosecond infrared laser, then thermally annealed. The three main sources of noise in the sensor system were also carefully reduced. The dominant source of noise, laser frequency noise, was reduced by interrogating the FBG with an ultra-stable laser (linewidth under 200 Hz) with a low intensity noise. The phase noise was minimized by selecting the proper FBG length (~25 mm). When used as an acoustic sensor, the same grating had a measured average pressure resolution of 50 &mu;Pa/&radic;Hz between 3 kHz and 6 kHz, one order of magnitude lower than the previous lowest reported value for an FBG sensor.
Reconstruction of the mouse extrahepatic biliary tree using primary human extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (2020)

The treatment of common bile duct (CBD) disorders, such as biliary atresia or ischemic strictures, is restricted by the lack of biliary tissue from healthy donors suitable for surgical reconstruction. Here we report a new method for the isolation and propagation of human cholangiocytes from the extrahepatic biliary tree in the form of extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECOs) for regenerative medicine applications. The resulting ECOs closely resemble primary cholangiocytes in terms of their transcriptomic profile and functional properties. We explore the regenerative potential of these organoids $\textit{in vivo}$ and demonstrate that ECOs self-organize into bile duct–like tubes expressing biliary markers following transplantation under the kidney capsule of immunocompromised mice. In addition, when seeded on biodegradable scaffolds, ECOs form tissue-like structures retaining biliary characteristics. The resulting bioengineered tissue can reconstruct the gallbladder wall and repair the biliary epithelium following transplantation into a mouse model of injury. Furthermore, bioengineered artificial ducts can replace the native CBD, with no evidence of cholestasis or occlusion of the lumen. In conclusion, ECOs can successfully reconstruct the biliary tree, providing proof of principle for organ regeneration using human primary cholangiocytes expanded $\textit{in vitro}$.
Cholesterol Conjugated Uniform and Gapmer Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Targeted Against PKC-α and C-rafGene Expression (1997)

Abstract In vitra and in vivo antitumor activity of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides targeted against two protein kinases within the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade has been well documented by ISIS 3521/CGP 6412XA (targeted against PKC-α protein) and ISIS 5132KGP69846A (targeted against C-rwfl kinase). For both of these compounds, cationic lipid formulations are necessary to observe any pharmacological activity in cell culture. In contrast, in vivo functional delivery of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to cells in tissues does not appear to be a prohlem. These oligonucleotides have demonstrated reduction in either PKC-α or C-raf gene expression in tissues or human tumor xenografts following systemic administration.
Genetic linkage analysis in familial benign hypercalcemia using a candidate gene strategy. I. Studies in four families. (1992)

Despite extensive study since the first report of familial benign hypercalcemia (FBH, or hypocalciuric hypercalcemia) in 1972, there is no evidence of the specific abnormal gene product. FBH is highly suitable for either a candidate gene or a reverse genetics approach to localizing the genetic abnormality, because it is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, is highly penetrant, does not affect survival, and can be diagnosed in families with readily available measurements. Importantly, several candidate genes have been cloned and mapped. Therefore, we collected blood samples and extracted leukocyte DNA from 94 members of 4 families with well documented FBH (44 affected, 45 unaffected, and 5 unclassifiable). We digested the DNA samples with various restriction endonucleases, conducted standard Southern blotting, and searched for restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the following candidate genes (probe names in parentheses): multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 (pMCMP.1, pHBI59, p3C7, and pTHH26), MEN 2a (MCK2 and cTB14.34), basic fibroblast growth factor (pHFL1-7), (Ca2+,Mg2+)ATPase isoform 4 (hPMCA4), membrane Na/Ca exchanger (cNC28 M-A), PTH (pPTH-LF), and calbindin-D28K (pSKCalb). In addition, we used the anonymous variable number tandem repeat marker pYNH24 to verify pedigree structures by excluding misinheritances. Data were analyzed using the Linkage program. For none of the genes was there significant linkage with the FBH trait; logarithm of odds scores ranged from -1.3 to -26.0 at a recombination fraction of 0.001, and from 0.6 to -5.6 at a recombination fraction of 0.10. We conclude that FBH is unrelated to the MEN syndromes and is not caused by mutations in any of the calcium-regulating or -binding proteins or growth factors studied thus far.
Crystal structure of a linear polymeric 1 : 1 adduct of copper(I) chloride and 2,3-diazabicyclo[2,2,1]hept-2-ene (1974)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by Patterson and Fourier methods from single-crystal photographic X-ray diffraction data, and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to R 0·11 (401 reflections). Crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pb21m, a= 9·63(1), b= 10·64(1), c= 6·71(1)Å, Z= 4.The structure comprises a linear chain of copper atoms alternately spaced at 3·32 and 3·39(1)Å, the copper atoms being spanned by ligand and chlorine bridges; the copper environment is basically a distorted tetrahedron : Cu–Cl 2·37 and 2·38(1), Cu–N 1·88 and 1·92(2)Å; N–Cu–NI 128(1), Cl–Cu–ClI, 117(1), N–Cu–Cl, 100–106°.
Self-Aligned Multifunction Diodes Using Ink-Jet Printing Method (2007)

We have investigated self-aligned multifunction diodes (SA-MFDs) using an ink-jet printing (IJP) method. The MFD is defined as the diode exhibits functions of emission and photo-sensing. A special organic material of pyrazoline derivative was dissolved and a solution was printed on a transparent indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) coated glass substrate covered with an insulating poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer. The PMMA was dissolved in a solvent. Then, organic materials were formed at the same position as that of the ink-jet-printed region, that is, SA-MFD was realized. For light emitting operation, a luminance obtained was 810 cd/m2 under forward-biased condition. For photo-sensing operation under xenon lamp illumination, a photocurrent density was 0.84 µA/cm2 and the ratio of photoconductivity to dark conductivity was 102 under reverse-biased condition.
Field test of neural-network based automatic bucket-filling algorithm for wheel-loaders (2018)

Automation of earth-moving industries (construction, mining and quarry) require automatic bucket-filling algorithms for efficient operation of front-end loaders. Autonomous bucket-filling is an open problem since three decades due to difficulties in developing useful earth models (soil, gravel and rock) for automatic control. Operators make use of vision, sound and vestibular feedback to perform the bucket-filling operation with high productivity and fuel efficiency. In this paper, field experiments with a small time-delayed neural network (TDNN) implemented in the bucket control-loop of a Volvo L180H front-end loader filling medium coarse gravel are presented. The total delay time parameter of the TDNN is found to be an important hyperparameter due to the variable delay present in the hydraulics of the wheel-loader. The TDNN network successfully performs the bucket-filling operation after an initial period (100 examples) of imitation learning from an expert operator. The demonstrated solution show only 26% longer bucket-filling time, an improvement over manual tele-operation performance.