gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Controlled Fluidic-Cell Scanning Electron Microscopy (2016)

Fluidic-cell electron microscopy has generated a great deal of interest due to the potential for real-space and real-time imaging of nanometer-scale objects in a fluidic environment While the possibilities of this technique have motivated a number of interesting studies from nanoparticle growth to electrochemical processes, there remain a number of significant challenges to achieving true in situ microscopy on technologically relevant samples One of these challenges is the lack of temperature control in commercially available systems for fluidic-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Even in newer TEM fluidic-cell systems with integrated resistive heating and temperature sensing elements, there are significant unresolved questions of temperature control and uniformity. Clearly, achieving temperature control inside the geometrically restricted environment of the TEM sample holder is a significant challenge. However, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber does not have the same restrictions on sample size. Here, we demonstrate the use of a custom built MEMS-based SEM fluidic cell with temperature control to address this limitation.
A Microbubble-Powered Bioparticle Actuator (2002)

In this paper, we present the results of a device that uses controllable microbubble actuation to manipulate bioparticles. The goal of this project was to design a device that can capture bioparticles (e.g. cells) in predetermined locations and then selectively release them. We use a thermal bubble actuation method to accomplish this goal. In this paper we describe two specific accomplishments: 1) the use of micromachined nucleation cavities and specialized coatings to precisely localize thermal bubbles and to achieve controllable bubble formation temperatures, and 2) the demonstration of controllable microbubbles in a new device for particle sorting.
Association Between Antecedent Statin Use and Decreased Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can result in a hyperinflammatory state, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocardial injury, and thrombotic complications, among other sequelae. Statins, which are known to have anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties, have been studied in the setting of other viral infections and ARDS, but their benefit has not been assessed in COVID-19. Thus, we sought to determine whether antecedent statin use is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with COVID-19 from February 1 <sup>st</sup> through May 12 <sup>th</sup> , 2020 with study period ending on June 11 <sup>th</sup> , 2020. Antecedent statin use was assessed using medication information available in the electronic medical record. We constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to predict the propensity of receiving statins, adjusting for baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and outpatient medications. The primary endpoint included in-hospital mortality within 30 days. A total of 2626 patients were admitted during the study period, of whom 951 (36.2%) were antecedent statin users. Among 1296 patients (648 statin users, 648 non-statin users) identified with 1:1 propensity-score matching, demographic, baseline, and outpatient medication information were well balanced. Statin use was significantly associated with lower odds of the primary endpoint in the propensity-matched cohort (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.36 â€" 0.64, p<0.001). We conclude that antecedent statin use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was associated with lower inpatient mortality. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the utility of statin therapy in patients with COVID-19 are needed.
A Component-Level Tester to Simulate Rigid Disk Drive Friction and Wear Tests (1993)

Abstract This paper presents a component-level friction and wear tester which simulates many of the disk drive conditions that affect head/media tribology. Tester features include a high bandwidth friction transducer, yaw angle, seeking, sealed head/disk chamber, low spindle runout, start/stop profile matching, and environmental control. The tester is capable of measuring static friction, kinetic friction, and touchdown velocity. By realistically simulating a drive environment for tribology testing, the tester gives disk drive designers quick, accurate feedback on the reliability of their designs. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/STLE Tribology Conference In Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 8–10, 1990 Notes Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/STLE Tribology Conference In Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 8–10, 1990
Simple, very low dark current, planar long-wavelength avalanche photodiode (1988)

We have demonstrated a novel planar, avalanche photodiode (APD) for use in long-wavelength (0.95–1.65 μm) optical communication systems. The device is a separate absorption and multiplication region APD utilizing p+ guard rings which are concentric with, but not attached to the central diffused p+-n junction region. Since no contact is made to the rings, their potential is allowed to ‘‘float’’ at a value somewhat less than that established by the externally applied voltage. The APD, which is fabricated in a manner identical to simple p-i-n photodiodes, eliminates edge breakdown effects while greatly reducing the electric field at the insulator/semiconductor interface. A 60-μm-diam junction device grown by vapor phase epitaxy is observed to have a primary dark current of &amp;lt;300 pA, and a capacitance of 290 fF at 90% of the breakdown voltage. Uniform gains as high as 11 have been observed.
7-Chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1(3H)-isobenzofurane and Basidalin: Antibiotic Secondary Metabolites from Leucoagaricus carneifolia Gillet (Basidiomycetes) (1994)

Two antibiotic metabolites were isolated from cultures of Leucoagaricus carneifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The first compound, 7-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone [corrected] (1) had to our knowledge not been described from natural sources whereas the second, basidalin (2), is a known metabolite of L. naucina (H. Iinuma et al., 1983). 1 exhibits antibiotic activities with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 20 micrograms/ml against Botrytis cinerea, the most sensitive microorganism.
Teaching mechatronics with tuned problem-based projects (2015)

System design—a complex multi-dimensional synthesis task—is a key skill for practising mechatronics engineers. Challenging team projects stimulate engineering students into developing this skill and others, including teamwork, communication and project planning. This paper describes a teaching design that combines project-based learning with problem-based learning. The design of the challenge is specifically tuned to give rise to conflicting engineering constraints and common problems encountered in mechatronics. This paper describes how to use the design process to develop a project-problem framework, and provides a case study in which limited energy economy, sensing and control, and disturbances and uncertainty challenges are emphasised.
Feasibility and Successful Enrollment in a Proof-of-Concept HIV Prevention Trial of VRC01, a Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibody (2021)

HVTN 704/HPTN 085 exceeded accrual and retention expectations. With exceptional safety of IV administration and operational feasibility, it paves the way for future large-scale monoclonal antibody trials for HIV prevention and/or treatment.
GENERATION-RECOMBINATION AND 1/f NOISE IN Al0.4Ga0.6N THIN FILMS (2002)

Low-frequency noise in Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 N thin films (50 nm) was measured at room and elevated temperatures as function of gate and drain voltages. Both 1/f noise and generation-recombination noise were observed. Hooge parameter, α, was estimated to be about 7. The activation energy for observed generation-recombination noise was found to be E a ~ 1.0 eV . This activation energy is consistent with the activation energy observed for g-r noise in AlGaN/GaN HFETs.
Self energized air core superconducting (SEAC) motor (1991)

The SEAC motor described utilizes superconductive windings both for the stator and the rotor and operates the same way as a conventional motor by supplying power to the stator. The rotor of a simple SEAC motor has a small and a large winding and two switches. The axes of the two rotor windings are normal to each other. The rotor is initially stationary, and the windings are exposed to the rotating stator field. Flux pumping is employed to charge the rotor windings. As the field rotates by 180 degrees from being parallel to the axis of the small winding of the rotor, a switch connected in series with the windings automatically opens, allowing the magnetic flux to penetrate the winding. The switch is closed during most of the other half of the cycle. The flux trapped in the small winding is partially transferred to the larger rotor winding by opening another switch, which results in series connection of the two windings. This results in charging the large winding and in accelerating the rotor to reach the rotating field angular velocity. The rotor synchronously rotates with the field when steady-state operation is achieved. The use of a high-temperature superconductor allows the persistent operation of the rotor windings after reaching steady state.
The interaction of a recombinant cecropin/melittin hybrid peptide with the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1994)

A cecropin/melittin hybrid peptide (CEME) produced by recombinant DNA procedures was tested for its ability to interact with the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and found to have identical biological properties to that of chemically synthesized CEME. CEME was shown to kill P. aeruginosa and permeabilize its outer membrane to lysozyme and 1-N-phenylnaphthlyamine, in some cases better than other antimicrobial agents and permeabilizers. CEME demonstrated a high-binding affinity to purified P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS in whole-cell environments. These data provide information on the molecular mechanism of CEME antimicrobial activity and strongly suggest that it is taken up across the outer membrane by the self-promoted uptake pathway.
Identification of the polarized microregions in PLZT (1994)

Relaxor ferroe lee tries are classified by broad or diffuse transitions from their high temperature paraelectric (non-polar phase) to their low temperature ferroelectric phase. This is in contrast to conventional ferroelectrics such as PbTiO 3 that show discrete ferroelectric transitions characterized by Curie-Weiss behavior in the dielectric susceptibility near the Curie transition temperature T c . For relaxor ferroelectrics, the transition has a breadth on the order of 100°C The polarized domains normally show complex nanoscale mottled contrast in either bright field or dark field, two-beam or systematic row scattering contrast images; as an example, this contrast is shown in Fig. 1. The nanoscale contrast appears to be intimately associated with the relaxor phase; however, the physical origins of the contrast remain unclear. It is known that in classical treatments of ferroelectrics, the polarization and strain are the primary order parameters for the paralelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. For classical first order ferroelectric transitions, such as in PbTiO 3 or BaTiO 3 , there is a concurrently spontaneous polarization and strain. However, these order parameters need not be directly coupled, and it may be possible that through the relaxor transition, strain and polarization are uncoupled . In this experimental effort we will demonstrate techniques that separate strain contrast from structure factor contrast, the latter being associated with polarization or compositional fluctuations.
Search for New Physics with Same-Sign Isolated Dilepton Events with Jets and Missing Transverse Energy (2012)

A search for new physics is performed in events with two same-sign isolated leptons, hadronic jets, and missing transverse energy in the final state. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 fb(-1) produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This constitutes a factor of 140 increase in integrated luminosity over previously published results. The observed yields agree with the standard model predictions and thus no evidence for new physics is found. The observations are used to set upper limits on possible new physics contributions and to constrain supersymmetric models. To facilitate the interpretation of the data in a broader range of new physics scenarios, information on the event selection, detector response, and efficiencies is provided.
Prostate Cancer Theranostics (2021)

A theranostic can broadly be defined as an agent used for disease detection and therapy. Here we focus on imaging-based theranostics. While the concept has been in practice for over 80 years in the case of radioiodine, recent advances in the discovery of targeted, high-affinity scaffolds, the rediscovery of previously obscure radionuclides for therapy, improvements in chelation chemistry, and a deeper understanding of radiation dosimetry have contributed to a renaissance in the field. Also contributing is the lack of safe and effective therapy for metastatic disease, with chemotherapy or even immunotherapy often not particularly effective, as for metastatic castration–resistant prostate cancer which carries a 1-year survival of ~40% once within bone. The availability of small-molecule scaffolds that target the prostate-specific membrane antigen, once pharmacokinetically optimized and outfitted with particle-emitting radionuclides, has also helped to revitalize theranostics, in part because of the high incidence of mCRPC. Participation in this area has markedly increased recently, with industry becoming involved, leading to likely FDA approval of several such agents in the near-term. Nevertheless, further work is needed regarding prospective trials, which will define whether theranostics can substantially extend the lives of men suffering from mCRPC.
On-chip bioorthogonal chemistry enables immobilization of in situ modified nanoparticles and small molecules for label-free monitoring of protein binding and reaction kinetics (2012)

Efficient methods to immobilize small molecules under continuous-flow microfluidic conditions would greatly improve label-free molecular interaction studies using biosensor technology. At present, small-molecule immobilization chemistries require special conditions and in many cases must be performed outside the detector and microfluidic system where real-time monitoring is not possible. Here, we have developed and optimized a method for on-chip bioorthogonal chemistry that enables rapid, reversible immobilization of small molecules with control over orientation and immobilization density, and apply this technique to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies. Immobilized small molecules reverse the orientation of canonical SPR interaction studies, and also enable a variety of new SPR applications including on-chip assembly and interaction studies of multicomponent structures, such as functionalized nanoparticles, and measurement of bioorthogonal reaction rates. We use this approach to demonstrate that on-chip assembled functionalized nanoparticles show a preserved ability to interact with their target protein, and to measure rapid bioorthogonal reaction rates with k(2) > 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). This method offers multiple benefits for microfluidic biological applications, including rapid screening of targeted nanoparticles with vastly decreased nanoparticle synthetic requirements, robust immobilization chemistry in the presence of serum, and a continuous flow technique that mimics biologic contexts better than current methods used to measure bioorthogonal reaction kinetics such as NMR or UV-vis spectroscopy (e.g., stopped flow kinetics). Taken together, this approach constitutes a flexible and powerful technique for evaluating a wide variety of reactions and intermolecular interactions for in vitro or in vivo applications.
Analyzing the decoding rate of circular coding in a noisy transmission channel (2020)

Embedding information into a printed image is useful in many aspects, in which reliable channel encoding/decoding systems are crucial, since there is information loss and error propagation during transmission. Circular coding is a general twodimensional channel coding method that allows data recovery with only a cropped portion of the code, and without the knowledge of the carrier image. While some traditional methods add redundancy bits to extend the length of the original massage length, this method embeds message into image rows in a repeated and shifted manner with redundancy, then uses the majority votes of the redundancy bits for recovery. In this paper, we developed a closed-form formula to predict its decoding success rate in a noisy channel under various transmission noise levels, using probabilistic modeling. The theoretical result is validated with simulations. This result enables the optimal parameter selection in the encoder and decoder system design, and decoding rate prediction with different levels of transmission error.
Efficient Pd-Catalyzed Amination Reactions for Heterocycle Functionalization (2010)

The Pd-catalyzed amination of unprotected benzo-fused heterocycles is reported, which allows for greater flexibility and efficiency in the modification of this important class of molecules. The generality of these simple and efficient procedures is demonstrated through the synthesis of a wide variety of structural types.
Biocompatible Nanoscale Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Minimizes in vivo Pulmonary Toxicity (2010)

Excitement surrounding the attractive physical and chemical characteristics of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been tempered by concerns regarding their potential health risks. Here we consider the lung toxicity of nanoscale dispersed SWCNTs (mean diameter approximately 1 nm). Because dispersion of the SWCNTs increases their aspect ratio relative to as-produced aggregates, we directly test the prevailing hypothesis that lung toxicity associated with SWCNTs compared with other carbon structures is attributable to the large aspect ratio of the individual particles. Thirty days after their intratracheal administration to mice, the granuloma-like structures with mild fibrosis in the large airways observed in mice treated with aggregated SWCNTs were absent in mice treated with nanoscale dispersed SWCNTs. Examination of lung sections from mice treated with nanoscale dispersed SWCNTs revealed uptake of the SWCNTs by macrophages and gradual clearance over time. We conclude that the toxicity of SWCNTs in vivo is attributable to aggregation of the nanomaterial rather than the large aspect ratio of the individual nanotubes. Biocompatible nanoscale dispersion provides a scalable method to generate purified preparations of SWCNTs with minimal toxicity, thus allowing them to be used safely in commercial and biomedical applications.
Speaker Diarization with LSTM (2018)

For many years, i-vector based audio embedding techniques were the dominant approach for speaker verification and speaker diarization applications. However, mirroring the rise of deep learning in various domains, neural network based audio embeddings, also known as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d-vectors</i> , have consistently demonstrated superior speaker verification performance. In this paper, we build on the success of d-vector based speaker verification systems to develop a new d-vector based approach to speaker diarization. Specifically, we combine LSTM-based d-vector audio embeddings with recent work in non-parametric clustering to obtain a state-of-the-art speaker diarization system. Our system is evaluated on three standard public datasets, suggesting that d-vector based diarization systems offer significant advantages over traditional i-vector based systems. We achieved a 12.0% diarization error rate on NIST SRE 2000 CALLHOME, while our model is trained with out-of-domain data from voice search logs.
Social Behavior in Medulloblastoma: Functional Analysis of Tumor-Supporting Glial Cells (2014)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor.Granule neuron precursors (GNPs) in d cerebellum proliferate exponentially, and the misregulation of which has been linked to medulloblastoma formation.GNPs are unipotent and only give rise to granule neurons.However, using MADM, a mouse genetic mosaic model, we found that medulloblastoma contain glial cells that are trans-differentiated from transformed GNPs.Our preliminary data showed that specific ablation of tumor glia without harming tumor GNPs led to complete tumor remission, suggesting a tumor-supporting role for these trans-differentiated glia.Here we propose to analyze the tumor "social behavior" with two specific aims.First, we will investigate the tumor regressing process at the cellular level in vivo, and determine therapeutic parameters of glial ablation for medulloblastoma treatment.Second, we will investigate the molecular basis for glia-tumor crosstalk that sustains the tumor growth.In the past year, we have completed most of the work proposed in aim 1.Our data showed that the glial-ablation treatment not only results in complete remission free of relapses, but also remains quite effective for mice with late-stage tumors.These findings are particularly encouraging since they point to great potentials in targeting glial cells for treating medulloblastoma in human patients. patients.15.
Monoamine Oxidase B-Catalyzed Oxidation of Cinnamylamine 2,3-Oxide. Further Evidence against a Nucleophilic Mechanism (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonoamine Oxidase B-Catalyzed Oxidation of Cinnamylamine 2,3-Oxide. Further Evidence against a Nucleophilic MechanismRichard B. Silverman, Xingliang Lu, Joseph J. P. Zhou, and Aaron SwihartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 25, 11590–11591Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00104a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00104a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Separation of BINAPO enantiomers on brush-type chiral stationary phases (2008)

Brush-type chiral stationary phase CSP 12 was specifically designed for separation of BINAPO enantiomers, which can be useful as organocatalysts or as chiral ligands in organometallic catalysis. This chromatographic separation process can compete with other routes to enantiomerically pure BINAPO.