gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial Danish Dementia: A Novel Form of Cerebral Amyloidosis Associated with Deposition of Both Amyloid-Dan and Amyloid-Beta (2002)

Familial Danish dementia (FDD) is pathologically characterized by widespread cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), parenchymal protein deposits, and neurofibrillary degeneration. FDD is associated with a mutation of the BRI2 gene located on chromosome 13. In FDD there is a decamer duplication, which abolishes the normal stop codon, resulting in an extended precursor protein and the release of an amyloidogenic fragment, ADan. The aim of this study was to describe the major neuropathological changes in FDD and to assess the distribution of ADan lesions, neurofibrillary pathology, glial, and microglial response using conventional techniques, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and immunoelectron microscopy. We showed that ADan is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) in the leptomeninges, blood vessels, and parenchyma. A predominance of parenchymal pre-amyloid (non-fibrillary) lesions was found. Abeta was also present in a proportion of both vascular and parenchymal lesions. There was severe neurofibrillary pathology, and tau immunoblotting revealed a triplet electrophoretic migration pattern comparable with PHF-tau. FDD is a novel form of CNS amyloidosis with extensive neurofibrillary degeneration occurring with parenchymal, predominantly pre-amyloid rather than amyloid, deposition. These findings support the notion that parenchymal amyloid fibril formation is not a prerequisite for the development of neurofibrillary tangles. The significance of concurrent ADan and Abeta deposition in FDD is under further investigation.
Analysis of Analog Signal from PIR-sensors for Human Analytics in an IOTized Environment (2018)

In the current era of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is a necessary condition to sense and identify the human being to integrate smartness to the living space of human beings. State-of-the-art smart living environments have the goal of being ubiquitous and pervasive with minimal obstruction to the subject. In this respect, device-free and passive technologies are getting increasingly employed. One of the most widely used passive sensors is the Pyro Infrared (PIR) sensors to sense the presence of human being in an IoTized environment. However, they are typically used for presence and immobility monitoring only. Some researchers are using PIR sensors for human speed analysis and human tracking in an indoor scenario. In this work, we investigate the possibility of using the analog signals of PIR sensors for person identification, speed and direction estimation and intruder detection in a smart home styled environment. Our experimental results indicate the feasibility of using these sensors for identification, authentication and motion analysis of human subjects, among a group of 20 individuals. In an experimental setup, devices are switched on/off according to the individual in a shared living environment. With the PIR data performance of different techniques compared. Withal, the system is tested in the authentic scenario. Results prove the efficacy of the system proposed.
On the Adaptive Coefficient Scanning of JPEG XR/HD Photo (2010)

We explore several local and global strategies for adaptive scan ordering of transform coefficients in JPEG XR/HD Photo. This codec applies a global adaptive scan-order heuristic with respect to an effective localized predictor. The global ordering heuristic, although simple, performs as well as localized techniques that are computationally significantly more complex. We conclude that effective localized prediction not only minimizes but also essentially randomizes coefficient residuals, so that a global statistic is sufficient to deliver near-optimal compression performance.
Multi-function integrated InP-based photonic circuits (2008)

The current tendency in high performance computing systems is to increase the parallelism in processing at all levels utilizing multithreads, increasing the number of chips in racks and blades, as well as increasing the number of cores on a chip. The scaling of overall system performance that soon might approach Exaflop/s is, however, out of balance with respect to limited available bandwidth for shuttling ExaBytes of data across the system, between the racks, chips and cores. We will discuss how optics can provide huge power and bandwidth benefits closer and closer to the chip and eventually into the chip itself that would allow to overcome severe constraints of today's mostly copper I/O interconnects. Particular emphasis will be given to silicon photonics integrated circuits designed for low power off-chip and on-chip optical networks.
Effect of Plasticizer on the Magnetoelastic Behavior for Magnetic Polyurethane Elastomers (2015)

Abstract Magnetic polyurethane elastomers containing various plasticizers were synthesized, and the effect of plasticizers on the magnetoelastic behavior has been investigated. The storage modulus for magnetic elastomers at 0 mT decreased with plasticizer content, whereas the storage modulus at 500 mT dramatically increased. The increment in the storage modulus by magnetic fields increased with plasticizer content indicating a well-developed chain structure of magnetic particles. It was found that the on-field storage modulus can be scaled by the off-field modulus independently of the kind of plasticizers.
A Scalable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio (2006)

The spectrum data-mining and agile air interface requirements of cognitive radios claim for software-defined-radio (SDR) implementations. The need to detect and/or generate virtually any kind of waveform in any band pushes the specification of such SDR to the limit. This makes cost-effective and energy-efficient implementation very challenging. As a first step toward effective embedded cognitive radio, we present the design, based on a top-down methodology, of a scalable SDR platform that enables spectrum environment awareness and reactive transmission. Hardware cost and energy-efficiency are contended by opportunistic partitioning and aggressive power management leading to 10 mW-range standby power and 100 mW-range active power
Computing nonlinear optimal controls from existing stabilizing controls (2002)

Introduces a practical algorithm for computing an optimal feedback control for nonlinear systems. The algorithm that the authors present computes a sequence of suboptimal controls that converge to the optimal. The authors demonstrate the features of the algorithm by two simple examples including the optimal nonlinear feedback control of an inverted pendulum.
Design Patterns for Policy-Based Service Engagements (2008)

Service engagements arise commonly in business and scientific computing. A service engagement is characterized by autonomous parties coming together in a contractual arrangement to share resources or carry out tasks for one another. Recent work shows how to model service engagements in an interactive manner and at a high level. This work formalizes the atoms of a service engagement as commitments among the participants, to be created and manipulated as the engagement progresses. Further, it scopes the commitments of an engagement in a (virtual) organization, and specifies how the policies of the participants affect their interactions. This paper contributes design patterns for service engagements formulated in terms of roles, commitments, and allied concepts. Each pattern reflects a distinct element of a service engagement from a business perspective and highlights exactly where policies apply. This enables the perspicuous, reusable specification of service engagements.
0095. Transvenous vagus nerve stimulation does not modulate the innate immune response in humans in vivo during experimental endotoxemia (2014)

In a variety of conditions excessive and/or persistent activation of the innate immune system has detrimental effects. In animals, electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) inhibits the innate immune response in models of endotoxemia (administration of lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), sepsis, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock, via the so-called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. However, human in vivo evidence is lacking. Up till now, VNS was possible through implantation of a cuff electrode wrapped around the nerve, which limits its use in acute inflammatory situations frequently encountered on the ICU. A novel, less invasive VNS method is transvenous VNS (tVNS).
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) reverses angiotensin II-induced apoptosis by repressing IGF-IIR expression (2017)

Taken together, PG may be considered as an effective treatment for cardiac diseases in hypertensive patients.
Finite-bias resistance peaks in nanoscale superconductor–normal-metal Ta-W point contacts (1999)

High resistance (10--1000 \ensuremath{\Omega}) ballistic nanoconstrictions were formed between bulk superconducting tantalum and an electrochemically sharpened (10--200 nm radius at tip) tungsten whisker. Measurements of the dynamic resistance of these contacts showed resistance peaks at symmetric voltages sizeably larger than the superconducting gap $(|V|&gt;10\ensuremath{\Delta}).$ The voltage at which these peaks occur was found to be linear in the square root of the measured contact resistance, strongly supporting a model in which the resistance peaks result from the destruction of superconductivity by the magnetic field produced by current flow through the contact. The model is in quantitative agreement with observation and implies that each resistance peak corresponds to the appearance of a single flux quantum around the current flowing through the contact.
The effect of centre volume and procedure location on major complications and mortality from transvenous lead extraction: an ESC EHRA EORP European Lead Extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry subanalysis (2020)

Primary operator cardiologists in LoV centres are more likely to have extractions complicated by procedure-related deaths. There was no significant difference in procedure complications between different extraction settings. These findings support the need for TLE to be performed in experienced centres with appropriate personnel present.
Inactivation of chymotrypsin by 5-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone: Carbon-13 NMR and x-ray diffraction analyses of the inactivator-enzyme complex (1985)

The inactivation of chymotrypsin by 5-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone has been studied. Chloride analysis of the inactivated enzyme suggests that chlorine is no longer present in the complex. 13C NMR spectroscopy of chymotrypsin inactivated with 5-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone-2,6-13 C2 shows the presence of two new resonances from the protein-bound inactivator. The chemical shift values of these resonances are consistent with an intact pyrone ring on the enzyme as well as the replacement of the C-6 chlorine by a different heteroatom. X-ray diffraction analysis at 1.5-A resolution of the inactivator-enzyme complex demonstrates that the gamma-oxygen of the active site serine residue (serine 195) is covalently attached to C-6 of the inactivator and that the pyrone ring is intact. The 5-benzyl group of the inactivator is bound to the enzyme in the hydrophobic specificity pocket. The conformational changes that occur in the protein as a result of complexation with the inactivator are discussed.
<title>Effect of reduction of laser pulse width from 100 ps to 20 fs on the plasma-mediated ablation of hard and soft tissue</title> (1999)

As ultrafast laser technology advances, it is of importance to evaluate the potential of sub-100-fs laser pulses for laser surgery. We have extended the investigation of laser- induced optical breakdown on hard and soft tissues down to laser pulse widths of 20 fs. Powerful 20-fs to 100-ps pulses from a single Ti:sapphire oscillator/amplifier laser source at 800 nm were focused in vitro onto the surface of fresh human corneas and human enamel to a spot of 60 - 70 micron in diameter. The threshold for ablation was determined by increasing the pulse energy while monitoring scattered probe light at ejected ablation particles. Our experiments show a slower decrease of the threshold fluence in dependence of the pulse width in the femtosecond regime than in the picosecond regime. Unlike previously suggested, no saturation behavior could be observed at the shortest available pulse widths. For the shortest pulses with 20 fs width, we measured a threshold of 0.38 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 0.42 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for cornea and enamel, respectively. For the longest pulses at 100 ps, the threshold fluence was 4.3 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 2.06 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. Comparison to theoretical models and to previous data determines the contribution of multi-photon and avalanche processes. Our results suggest an optimum laser pulse width of several hundred femtoseconds for most applications in ultrashort pulse laser surgery.
Characterizing SHP2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer (2012)

Abstract : During this research period, molecular modeling and biochemical studies were conducted to assess the roles of different acidic residues in the binding of the Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) to its substrates. A peptide derived from this substrate was shown to be a selective inhibitor of SHP2. SHP1 was used as a control, and the peptide did not act on this enzyme. Molecular modeling revealed key binding determinants at the atomic level present in SHP2 that could not be recapitulated in SHP1. These modeling observations were tested using mutation of the peptide. Indeed, when the peptide was mutated to abolish these interactions, inhibitory capacity was abolished entirely. Systematic mutation of the peptide in silico further demonstrated that the substrate needed to bind both of the positively-charged amino acid sidechains adjacent to the active site to facilitate the highest binding stability. Mutation of any of the acidic amino acids next to the phosphotyrosine on the substrate produced significant defects in binding as predicted by molecular docking. These findings are now being parlayed into study of the peptide-based inhibitor on cells, which is work that will continue into the coming year.
A Low-Viscosity Retarded Acid System for Stimulation of High-Temperature Deep Wells (2018)

Abstract To enhance the efficiency of acid stimulation treatments in high-temperature carbonate reservoirs, the industry requires a superior retarded acid system that inherently displays high thermal stability, controlled reaction rate, and acceptable corrosion losses. One of the earliest means of acid retardation was through the addition of polymer gelling agents; however, these sytems commonly lead to formation damage. Alternatively, a commonly used approach to slow down the acid/rock reaction rate is through the use of acid-in-oil emulsions (i.e., emulsified acids). The viscous nature of these fluids, however, leads to unfavorably high friction pressures during the pumping process. Additionally, the thermal stability of emulsified acids is questionable at temperatures exceeding 300°F. Herein, we introduce a novel engineered acid system for stimulation of high-temperature carbonate reservoirs. The proposed technology reduces the free water in the system and consequently prevents full dissociation of the acid. Reducing the free water in the acid system was successfully achieved by engineering the acid formulation in the presence of another organic compound that is readily soluble in the acid. A series of benchtop carbonate dissolution experiments were performed under static conditions at room temperature to identify the optimal engineered formulation needed to achieve the desired retardation effect. The retardation behavior of this system was further supported by reaction rate studies, coreflood measurements and corrosion loss data. The proposed acid system was evaluated at temperatures and pore pressures up to 350°F and 3000 psi, respectively. Experimental results confirmed that the engineered acid system requires only 0.28 PV to achieve a breakthrough (12 inch core), which represents a significant reduction as compared to some reported emulsified acid systems. Importantly, the fluid formulation was systematically fine-tuned in order to impart the desired fluid-property characteristics: low-viscosity (est. 4 cp), high dissolving power (4.16 lb acid/gal), fast wormhole propagation rate, low corrosion loss (&amp;lt;0.05 lb/ft2, 275°F) and high thermal stability (&amp;gt;300°F). The acid system can be readily mixed on-the-fly with existing equipment. This is a desirable feature particularly when it comes to offshore operations as no special preparation methods are required. It is the opinion of the authors that this novel acid system provides the industry with a suitable fluid alternative that may offer the potential to enhance oil and gas production in carbonate reservoirs. The fluid is stable at high temperatures and may have the potential to be used in a broad range of stimulation applications. Importantly, this low-viscosity retarded acid system presents the industry with a novel acid alternative where acid retardation by polymer addition or emulsification in diesel is no longer required.
Synergistic effect of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor α on interleukin‐8 gene expression in synovial fibroblasts. evidence that interleukin‐8 is the major neutrophil‐activating chemokine released in response to monokine activation (1993)

These results indicate that the monokines TNF alpha and IL-1 beta synergistically activate IL-8 expression and protein secretion by synovial fibroblasts, and that under these conditions, IL-8 appears to be the major neutrophil-activating factor released.
A mechanistically designed cinchona alkaloid ligand in the osmium catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes (2002)

A new ligand has been designed using dihydroquinine as the chiral controller for asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes. The purpose of this design of the ligand is to find out the transition state involved in the mechanism of asymmatric dihydroxylation, which may shed some light to differentiate between the hypothesis put forward by Sharpless' and Corey' s groups. The present study supports the hypothesis proposed by Sharpless et al. and it appears that the L shaped cleft may be involved in governing the high selectivity of asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes.
Recent advances in video compression (2002)

This paper gives an overview over recent advances in video compression and transmission. The new H.263 video compression standard is an important milestone towards wide-spread use of personal video communication. For mobile video applications and video transmission over networks, error robustness and scalability are important issues. Structure-from-motion methods, region-based coding and model-based coding are research topics pointing into the future, towards MPEG-4.
Successive convex approximation for simultaneous linear TX/RX design in MIMO BC (2015)

Weighted sum rate maximizing beamformer design is considered for MIMO broadcast channel. As opposed to the conventional alternating beamformer design, the transmit and receive beamformers are jointly optimized using successive semidefinite programming. The weighted sum rate maximization is approached via the corresponding mean-squared error minimization problem, which is further approximated to formulate a sequence of convex subproblems. The algorithm is shown to provide a monotonic improvement of the system performance objective in each iteration. Furthermore, the algorithm is shown to have an improved rate of convergence when compared to recently published weighted mean-squared error minimization algorithms with alternating transceiver design.
On the existence of far-infrared absorption peaks in the complex polarizability of the itinerant oscillator model of polar fluids (1987)

The complex polarizability of the itinerant oscillator model in the case where the stochastic torques are weak in comparison with the deterministic ones may be evaluated analytically in terms of a series involving the modified Bessel functions. This clearly shows the existence of a harmonic peak structure at high frequencies. In the case where the stochastic torques are significant the complex polarizability may not easily be evaluated analytically but may be calculated to a high degree of accuracy using numerical Fourier transform techniques developed by Corcoran. These techniques show that the harmonic peak structure still persists when the friction in the system is significant, but those peaks of higher order with respect to the fundamental frequency are so small in amplitude when friction acts on both dipole and cage of the model system that they are almost imperceptible. If on the other hand frictional torques are supposed to act only on the cage as in earlier versions of the model a distinct peak structure still persists.
Ray-Tracing-Based mm-Wave Beamforming Assessment (2014)

The use of large-size antenna arrays to implement pencil-beam forming techniques is becoming a key asset to cope with the very high throughput density requirements and high path-loss of future millimeter-wave (mm-wave) gigabit-wireless applications. Suboptimal beamforming (BF) strategies based on search over discrete set of beams (steering vectors) are proposed and implemented in present standards and applications. The potential of fully adaptive advanced BF strategies that will become possible in the future, thanks to the availability of accurate localization and powerful distributed computing, is evaluated in this paper through system simulation. After validation and calibration against mm-wave directional indoor channel measurements, a 3-D ray tracing model is used as a propagation-prediction engine to evaluate performance in a number of simple, reference cases. Ray tracing itself, however, is proposed and evaluated as a real-time prediction tool to assist future BF techniques.
Risk Factors and Attack Rates of Seasonal Influenza Infection: Results of the Southern Hemisphere Influenza and Vaccine Effectiveness Research and Surveillance (SHIVERS) Seroepidemiologic Cohort Study (2018)

Measurement of antineuraminidase antibodies in addition to antihemagglutinin antibodies may be important in capturing the true influenza infection rates.
Ab Initio Calculations of the Rotational Barriers in H2Te2 and (CH3)2Te2 (1997)

The heights of the rotational barriers of the ditelluride bridge in H2Te2 and (CH3)2Te2 have been calculated at the Hartree–Fock level with the 3-21G basis set. The minima in the rotational potential energy functions occur at torsional angles of 87.58° and 89.32°, respectively. The barriers were determined by complete geometry optimization at each point along the potential surface. In addition, preliminary results on the stability of H2Te2 are reported. The molecule is found to be stable with respect to dissociation into H2Te + Te or H2 + Te2. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 8: 199–202, 1997.
Dependence of electron channel mobility on Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface microroughness (1991)

The effect of the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface microroughness on the electron channel mobility of n-MOSFETs was investigated. The surface microroughness was controlled by changing the mixing ratio of NH/sub 4/OH in the NH/sub 4/OH-H/sub 2/O/sub 2/-H/sub 2/O solution in the RCA cleaning procedure. The gate oxide was etched, following the evaluation of the electrical characteristics of MOS transistors, to measure the microroughness of the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). As the interface microroughness increases, the electron channel mobility, which can be obtained from the current-voltage characteristics of the MOSFET, gets lower. The channel mobility is around 360 cm/sup 2//V-s when the average interface microroughness is 0.2 nm, where the substrate impurity concentration is 4.5*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, i.e. the electron bulk mobility is 400 cm/sup 2//V-s. It goes down to 100 cm/sup 2//V-s when the interface microroughness exceeds 1 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>