gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adult stem cell-based therapy for degenerative joint diseases (2012)

Rheumatology has pioneered in the study of autoantibodies by showing that they are not only involved in pathogenesis but are also highly useful as diagnostic biomarkers. The diagnostic biomarker aspect of autoimmunity has gained increasing importance in cancer and many of the insights gained in Rheumatology have contributed to understanding the significance of autoantibodies in cancer. Features of autoantibodies in rheumatic disorders: In rheumatic diseases no individual autoantibody-antigen system has sufficient combination of sensitivity and specificity to serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker. Instead, several antigen-antibody systems constructed as profiles of biomarkers are highly effective in distinguishing one disorder from another. In lupus, anti-double strand DNA and anti-Sm distinguishes it from scleroderma, where the profile is anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 and anti-centromere proteins. The autoantigensare cell components involved in universal and basic gene expression pathways, such as Sm in precursor mRNA splicing and DNA topoisomerase 1 in DNA replication and transcription [1]. Features of autoantibodies in cancer: Autoantibodies in cancer target intracellular molecules referred to as TAAs (tumor-associated antigens). As in rheumatic disorders, no individual autoantibody-antigen system has sensitivity and specificity to serve as a stand-alone diagnostic marker [2]. Most tumors show multiple antibody specificities and with panels of TAAanti-TAAs (analogous toprofiles) the cumulative sensitivity and specificity reaches diagnostic significance. Different tumorigenesis pathways are
Periprosthetic femoral fractures around well-fixed implants: use of cortical onlay allografts with or without a plate. (2002)

Cortical onlay strut allografts act as biological bone plates, serving both a mechanical and a biological function. The use of cortical struts, either alone or in conjunction with a plate, led to a very high rate of fracture union, satisfactory alignment, and an increase in femoral bone stock at the time of short-term follow-up. Although this study did not address the potential for later allograft remodeling, our findings suggest that cortical strut grafts should be used routinely to augment fixation and healing of a periprosthetic femoral fracture.
Empagliflozin Restores Cardiac Metabolic Flexibility in Diet-induced Obese C57BL6/J Mice (2021)

Abstract Background Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy to treat type 2 diabetes unexpectedly reduced all-cause mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure in several large-scale clinical trials, and has since been shown to produce similar cardiovascular disease-protective effects in patients without diabetes. How SGLT2 inhibitor therapy improves cardiovascular disease outcomes remains incompletely understood. Metabolic flexibility refers to the ability of a cell or organ to adjust its use of metabolic substrates, such as glucose or fatty acids, in response to physiological or pathophysiological conditions, and is a feature of a healthy heart that may be lost during diabetic cardiomyopathy and in the failing heart. While several studies have addressed metabolic changes in hearts in response to SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, none have specifically assessed metabolic flexibility in an in vivo system. We therefore undertook the described studies to determine the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy on cardiac metabolic flexibility in vivo in obese, insulin resistant mice. Methods Diet-induced obese mice were treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA; 10 mg/kg/d) for four weeks prior to study and compared with untreated obese and lean controls. We assessed changes in body weight and composition, plasma metabolites in response to fasting/re-feeding, cardiac hypertrophy by echocardiography, the response to ischemic stress following coronary artery ligation, as well as cardiac-specific rates of relative glucose and fatty acid utilization using a [U 13 C]-glucose infusion during fasting and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Results EMPA-treated mice presented with reduced cardiac hypertrophy and protection from ischemic stress compared with obese controls. In the fasted state, relative rates of cardiac glucose and fatty acid utilization were similar in control and EMPA-treated mice. During the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, rates of cardiac glucose utilization and metabolic flexibility were reduced in obese compared with lean mice, and EMPA-treatment partially restored both features. Conclusions SGLT2 inhibitor therapy restored cardiac metabolic flexibility in obese, insulin resistant mice, and was associated with reduced cardiac hypertrophy and protection from ischemia. These observations suggest that the cardiovascular disease-protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors may in part be explained by beneficial effects on cardiac metabolic substrate selection.
Simulations of Coarse-Grained Ionomer Melts in an External Electric Field. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
Primary interactions of biomass components during fast pyrolysis (2021)

Fast pyrolysis is an industrially attractive method to produce fuels and chemicals from biomass; however, to gain better control over the process, the reactions and interactions between the components and decomposition products need elucidation. This study investigated primary reactions during fast pyrolysis of biomass. Pyrolysis of the three main biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and their blends was carried out with a micro-pyrolyser connected to a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer/Flame Ionisation Detector (GC–MS/FID). The blends of the individual components were prepared in similar proportions to that of native biomass (birchwood) and were pyrolysed at 600 °C for 2 s. The results showed that the two-component blends decrease the production of saccharides to a large extent. This was especially noticeable for levoglucosan when cellulose was mixed with either hemicellulose or lignin. Similarly, in the presence of cellulose, the formation of phenolic compounds from lignin was inhibited by 62 %. However, no differences were found in yields of the main products for the xylan-lignin blend compared to those from the individual components. The yields of volatile products from the cellulose-xylan blend were promoted for a majority of the product categories and were most pronounced for the aldehydes. Furthermore, while the formation of the phenols and saccharides was slightly inhibited for the three-component blend, the aldehydes, ketones and furans showed an increased production compared to the weighed sum of products expected, based on the pyrolysis of the individual components. The native biomass showed a similar trend as the three-component blend in all product categories except for the saccharides, which were inhibited to a large extent. This study provides a better understanding of the interactions occurring between different components during fast pyrolysis of biomass.
The Design of Dual Emitting Cores for Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials (2015)

Dual emitting cores for thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters were developed. Relative to the corresponding TADF emitter with a single emitting core the TADF emitter with a dual emitting core, 3,3',5,5'-tetra(carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2',6,6'-tetracarbonitrile, showed enhanced light absorption accompanied by a high photoluminescence quantum yield. The quantum and power efficiencies of the TADF devices were enhanced by the dual emitting cores.
Synthesis and characterization of dimeric zirconium(III) complexes. Structure of "zirconocene" (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of dimeric zirconium(III) complexes. Structure of "zirconocene"Kerrie I. Gell, Thomas V. Harris, and Jeffrey SchwartzCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 2, 481–488Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50216a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50216a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transmission offset adaptation in UTRAN (2005)

We propose an adaptive frame transmission offset method for systems supporting soft handover. With the suggested method, the transmission offset is continuously adapted to the momentary network delay. The solution is targeted for interactive class packet data traffic, for which the end-to-end delay has a crucial effect on the performance. The application studied is a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN). Our results show the clear advantages of the proposed method over commonly used solutions.
TbRGG2, an Essential RNA Editing Accessory Factor in Two Trypanosoma brucei Life Cycle Stages (2008)

In the mitochondria of kinetoplastid protozoa, including Trypanosoma brucei, RNA editing inserts and/or deletes uridines from pre-mRNAs to produce mature, translatable mRNAs. RNA editing is carried out by several related multiprotein complexes known as editosomes, which contain all of the enzymatic components required for catalysis of editing. In addition, noneditosome accessory factors necessary for editing of specific RNAs have also been described. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of the mitochondrial TbRGG2 protein (originally termed TbRGGm) and demonstrate that it acts as an editing accessory factor. TbRGG2 is an RNA-binding protein with a preference for poly(U). TbRGG2 protein levels are up-regulated 10-fold in procyclic form T. brucei compared with bloodstream forms. Nevertheless, the protein is essential for growth in both life cycle stages. TbRGG2 associates with RNase-sensitive and RNase-insensitive mitochondrial complexes, and a small fraction of the protein co-immunoprecipitates with editosomes. RNA interference-mediated depletion of TbRGG2 in both procyclic and bloodstream form T. brucei leads to a dramatic decrease in pan-edited RNAs and in some cases a corresponding increase in the pre-edited RNA. TbRGG2 down-regulation also results in moderate stabilization of never-edited and minimally edited RNAs. Thus, our data are consistent with a model in which TbRGG2 is multifunctional, strongly facilitating the editing of pan-edited RNAs and modestly destabilizing minimally edited and never-edited RNAs. This is the first example of an RNA editing accessory factor that functions in the mammalian infective T. brucei life cycle stage.
Experimental Demonstration of a Variable Bandwidth, Shape and Center-Frequency RF Photonics Filter using a Continuously Tunable Optical Tapped-Delay-Line and Having an Optical Output (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate the RF photonics filter using optical tapped delay line based on an optical frequency comb and a PPLN waveguide as the multiplexer. RF filters with variable bandwidth, shape and center-frequency are implemented.
Identifying and Indexing Icosahedral Quasicrystals from Powder Diffraction Patterns (2001)

We present a scheme to identify quasicrystals based on powder diffraction data and to provide a standardized indexing. We apply our scheme to a large catalog of powder diffraction patterns, including natural minerals, to look for new quasicrystals. Based on our tests, we have found promising candidates worthy of further exploration.
Optimization-based design of surface textures for thin-film Si solar cells &#x2014; Are conventional Lambertian models relevant? (2011)

The efficiency of thin film silicon solar cells critically depends on the optical absorption. In this work, we numerically investigate the light trapping effect in the weak absorption regime for 1.5 μm thick crystalline silicon at normal incidence. Using electromagnetic simulations, we study the impact of different textures on the light absorption enhancement in two-dimensional (2D) device configuration. We discover that the light trapping effect of commercially used textures from Asahi glass is close to the 2D Lambertian result (F = πn), while optimized periodic gratings show better performances, and both rectangular and triangular gratings are capable to exceed the Lambertian result. To further explore the optimal light trapping structures, we develop a simulation method combining finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations and the optimization algorithm (Nlopt-COBYLA). Over a 900-1100 nm wavelength range, our optimized surface texture in two dimensions (2D) enhances absorption by a factor of 2.7πn, considerably larger than the original πn Lambertian result and exceeding by almost 50% a recent generalization of Lambertian model for periodic structures in finite spectral range. However, our structure still obeys the conventional πn Lambertian limit when averaged over all the angles.
Protection against H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian and Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys by an Inactivated H5N1 Whole Particle Vaccine (2013)

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection has been reported in poultry and humans with expanding clade designations. Therefore, a vaccine that induces immunity against a broad spectrum of H5N1 viruses is preferable for pandemic preparedness. We established a second H5N1 vaccine candidate, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (Vac-3), in our virus library and examined the efficacy of inactivated whole particles of this strain against two clades of H5N1 HPAIV strains that caused severe morbidity in cynomolgus macaques. Virus propagation in vaccinated macaques infected with either of the H5N1 HPAIV strains was prevented compared with that in unvaccinated macaques. This vaccine also prevented propagation of a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in macaques. In the vaccinated macaques, neutralization activity, which was mainly shown by anti-hemagglutinin antibody, against H5N1 HPAIVs in plasma was detected, but that against H1N1 virus was not detected. However, neuraminidase inhibition activity in plasma and T-lymphocyte responses in lymph nodes against H1N1 virus were detected. Therefore, cross-clade and heterosubtypic protective immunity in macaques consisted of humoral and cellular immunity induced by vaccination with Vac-3.
Development of a personalized cellular ex vivo CBL-b silencing cancer immune therapy. (2014)

3070 Background: The E3 ubiquitin ligase cbl-b has been identified as an important gatekeeper limiting T cell activation. Concordantly, the immune system of cbl-b deficient mice can effectively fight tumors, thereby validating cbl-b as an excellent target to enhance anti-tumor immune activity. We have recently shown in proof-of-concept experiments that transfer of transiently cbl-b silenced murine T cells had efficacy to enhance the anti-tumor immune response in mouse models. Methods: A design algorithm was used to screen for siRNAs that are highly effective to silence cbl-b, and the optimized siRNA was produced at a GMP manufacturer. PBMCs were isolated from healthy donors or cancer patients, transfected with siRNA by electroporation and immune cell phenotype and activation was determined by FACS and ELISA. For enhancement of DC vaccination responses, PBMCs were ex vivo silenced, and co-administrated with the DC preparations intranodally to the cancer patient. Results: We have established a highly efficient transfection protocol using a commercial electroporation device enabling us to simultaneously transfect T, B, NK cells and monocytes with minimal cell damage. Using this protocol, we have identified a siRNA that was able to shut down cbl-b expression for more than 7 days in stimulated human T cells, resulting in strong enhancement of T cell activation, cytokine production and proliferation. Moreover, simultaneous silencing of cbl-b in all immune cells of the PBMCs yielded additional advantages, most notably enhancing NK cell reactivity against tumor cell and IL-2 stimulation. Silencing of cancer patient PBMCs yielded similar results ex vivo and intranodal transfer of autologous cbl-b silenced cells together with activated DCs to patients with advanced cancers was feasible and well tolerated. Conclusions: To enable the clinical implementation of a cbl-b ex vivo silencing treatment, we have established and tested a protocol that can be easily performed on any clinical unit that applies adoptive cell therapies to patients. Based on these results, a Phase I trial for the systemic administration of cbl-b silenced PBMCs to patients with advanced cancers will be initiated.
Recurrent Events Analysis With Data Collected at Informative Clinical Visits in Electronic Health Records (2020)

Although increasingly used as a data resource for assembling cohorts, electronic health records (EHRs) pose many analytic challenges. In particular, a patient's health status influences when and what data are recorded, generating sampling bias in the collected data. In this paper, we consider recurrent event analysis using EHR data. Conventional regression methods for event risk analysis usually require the values of covariates to be observed throughout the follow-up period. In EHR databases, time-dependent covariates are intermittently measured during clinical visits, and the timing of these visits is informative in the sense that it depends on the disease course. Simple methods, such as the last-observation-carried-forward approach, can lead to biased estimation. On the other hand, complex joint models require additional assumptions on the covariate process and cannot be easily extended to handle multiple longitudinal predictors. By incorporating sampling weights derived from estimating the observation time process, we develop a novel estimation procedure based on inverse-rate-weighting and kernel-smoothing for the semiparametric proportional rate model of recurrent events. The proposed methods do not require model specifications for the covariate processes and can easily handle multiple time-dependent covariates. Our methods are applied to a kidney transplant study for illustration.
TrueCISS: Genuine bSSFP Signal Reconstruction from Undersampled Multiple-Acquisition SSFP Using Model-Based Iterative Non-Linear Inversion (2015)

Balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) is prone to local field inhomogeneities, typically appearing as signal voids, i.e. banding-artifacts. A new method, termed true constructive interference in steady state (trueCISS), is proposed based on the acquisition of eight highly undersampled bSSFP k-spaces with different radio-frequency (RF) phase increments. A model-based non-linear inversion is used to fit the bSSFP signal model onto the undersampled data, effectively estimating parameter maps that allow synthesizing the genuine bSSFP signal over the whole image, thus without any noticeable banding artifacts.
Contrasting behavior of pentafluorophenoxyacetone and pentafluorobenzyloxyacetone in electron impact and electron capture mass spectrometry (1998)

Towards the goal of finding new ketone electrophores suitable as molecular labels for electrophoric release tags, pentafluorophenoxyacetone (1) and pentafluorobenzyloxyacetone (2) were prepared. Both ketones were evaluated by electron capture (EC) and electron impact (EI) modes of mass spectrometry (MS). By EC-MS, 1 nearly gave a single ion (as desired), whereas 2 gave many ions. This behavior was completely reversed in EI-MS. To account for certain ion fragments in the EC mass spectrum of 2, an anion radical McLafferty-type rearrangement and loss of a carbene neutral were postulated. Electron impact of 1 gave an abundant ion at m/z 117 (C5F3+), which was suggested to be a diyne cation.
Lattice-based public key encryption with equality test in standard model, revisited. (2020)

Public key encryption with equality test (PKEET) allows testing whether two ciphertexts are generated by the same message or not. PKEET is a potential candidate for many practical applications like efficient data management on encrypted databases. Potential applicability of PKEET leads to intensive research from its first instantiation by Yang et al. (CT-RSA 2010). Most of the followup constructions are secure in the random oracle model. Moreover, the security of all the concrete constructions is based on number-theoretic hardness assumptions which are vulnerable in the post-quantum era. Recently, Lee et al. (ePrint 2016) proposed a generic construction of PKEET schemes in the standard model and hence it is possible to yield the first instantiation of PKEET schemes based on lattices. Their method is to use a $2$-level hierarchical identity-based encryption (HIBE) scheme together with a one-time signature scheme. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, a direct construction of a PKEET scheme based on the hardness assumption of lattices in the standard model. More specifically, the security of the proposed scheme is reduces to the hardness of the Learning With Errors problem.