gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards real-time search planning in subsea environments (2017)

We address the challenge of computing search paths in real-time for subsea applications where the goal is to locate an unknown number of targets on the seafloor. Our approach maximizes a formal definition of search effectiveness given finite search effort. We account for false positive measurements and variation in the performance of the search sensor due to geographic variation of the seafloor. We compare near-optimal search paths that can be computed in real-time with optimal search paths for which real-time computation is infeasible. We show how sonar data acquired for locating targets at a specific location can also be used to characterize the performance of the search sonar at that location. Our approach is illustrated with numerical experiments where search paths are planned using sonar data previously acquired from Boston Harbor.
Effect of preheating on creep properties of substrates coated by low‐pressure plasma spraying (1996)

Summary This paper describes an investigation of the effect of preheating on the creep‐rupture properties of substrates coated by low‐pressure plasma spraying. Creep‐rupture specimens of Ni‐base superalloy Mar‐M247 were coated after preheating in several temperature ranges. The relationship between the preheating temperature and microstructure of the plasma‐sprayed substrates is discussed. The results obtained may be summarised as follows. The creep properties of Mar‐M247 substrates plasma‐sprayed with CoCrAlY at low‐pressure are maintained at the same level as the base metal when preheated in the 1073–1173 K range during low‐pressure plasma spraying. The creep properties of substrates plasma‐sprayed after preheating in the 1473–1573 K range show a much lower creep life, elongation, and reduction of area than the as‐cast specimens. The impairment of the creep properties is attributable to local molten zones formed and elongated along the solidification grain boundaries during low‐pressure plasma spraying being opened during the cooling process. This local melting and opening phenomenon is assumed to be due to the fact that WC, found among the complex carbides present at the grain boundaries, undergoes selective thermal decomposition. Local melting occurs when the carbides, which lower the melting point, are expelled to the grain‐boundary periphery, and the solidification grain‐boundary interfaces are opened by the shrinkage strain when spraying is completed.
Screening for modulators of neural network activity in 3D human iPSC-derived cortical spheroids (2020)

Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are a powerful tool to dissect the biology of complex human cell types such as those of the central nervous system (CNS). However, robust, high-throughput platforms for reliably measuring activity in human iPSC-derived neuronal cultures are lacking. Here, we assessed 3D cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes displaying spontaneous, rhythmic, and highly synchronized neural activity that can be visualized as calcium oscillations on standard high-throughput fluorescent readers as a platform for CNS-based discovery efforts. Spontaneous activity and spheroid structure were highly consistent from well-to-well, reference compounds such as TTX, 4-AP, AP5, and NBQX, had expected effects on neural spontaneous activity, demonstrating the presence of functionally integrated neuronal circuitry. Neurospheroid biology was challenged by screening the LOPAC®1280 library, a collection of 1280 pharmacologically active small molecules. The primary screen identified 111 compounds (8.7%) that modulated neural network activity across a wide range of neural and cellular processes and 16 of 17 compounds chosen for follow-up confirmed the primary screen results. Together, these data demonstrate the suitability and utility of human iPSC-derived neurospheroids as a screening platform for CNS-based drug discovery.
ArF lithography: challenges, resolution capability, and the mask error enhancement function (MEEF) (2001)

Early insertion of ArF nm lithography will occur at the 130 nm node in 2001. Process development for the 100nm node will also occur this year. Both aggressive gate length reductions and minimum pitch design rules below 250nm present immediate challenges for the new ArF technology. Gate line widths will approach one half of the wavelength of the exposure system.
Pyroelectric properties of polymeric liquid crystal systems (1994)

Abstract Three liquid crystal polymers (Polymers 1 and 2 and LCP1) have been synthesised and their true pyroelectric properties have been investigated. Polymers 1 and 2 have been designed to improve the coupling between the dipole at the chiral centre and the lateral molecular dipole. In contrast the third polymer LCP1 has a small spontaneous polarisation. Polymer 1 provides a pyroelectric coefficient of ∼2s·10−5 C/m2K which is comparable to that of polyvinylidene fluoride.
The fabulous destiny of a bacteria on pre-painted steel surfaces (2005)

For pre-painted surfaces, contamination comes essentially from the air and it is important to have a relevant test to characterize the surface behaviour towards bacteria according to its conditions of use. A colour test is introduced that enables to detect active or dead bacteria directly on a contaminated surface. Means to avoid the proliferation of microorganisms are presented. The behaviour of two pre-painted topcoats doped with organic and inorganic bactericidal additives is described. On fresh and clean surfaces, the organic coatings have a very slight biocide effect. The weakest bacteria are rapidly destroyed whereas the more resistant ones are only inactivated several days later. On fouled surfaces, the bacterial destruction is very limited. In the selected experimental conditions, the standard pre-painted topcoat has the same behaviour as the doped ones.
Enhanced electronic contacts in SnO2–dye–P3HT based solid state dye sensitized solar cells (2012)

We present an investigation on the optimisation of solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (SDSCs) comprising mesoporous tin oxide photoanodes infiltrated with poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) hole conductor and sensitized with an organic dye. We chose both the SnO(2) and P3HT for their high charge carrier mobilities and conductivities, but as a result preclude conventional device configurations because of high leakage current and low shunt-resistance. To minimize the "hole leakage current" through the FTO anode, we employed a double compact layer structure, and to minimize "electron leakage current" at the silver cathode, we developed a protocol for depositing an optimal P3HT "capping layer". After optimisation of cell fabrication, the electron lifetime is increased considerably and the solar cells exhibited simulated AM1.5 full sun solar power conversion efficiencies in excess of 1%.
Genomic predictors of response to PD-1 inhibition in children with germline DNA replication repair deficiency (2022)

Cancers arising from germline DNA mismatch repair deficiency or polymerase proofreading deficiency (MMRD and PPD) in children harbour the highest mutational and microsatellite insertion-deletion (MS-indel) burden in humans. MMRD and PPD cancers are commonly lethal due to the inherent resistance to chemo-irradiation. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have failed to benefit children in previous studies, we hypothesized that hypermutation caused by MMRD and PPD will improve outcomes following ICI treatment in these patients. Using an international consortium registry study, we report on the ICI treatment of 45 progressive or recurrent tumors from 38 patients. Durable objective responses were observed in most patients, culminating in a 3 year survival of 41.4%. High mutation burden predicted response for ultra-hypermutant cancers (>100 mutations per Mb) enriched for combined MMRD + PPD, while MS-indels predicted response in MMRD tumors with lower mutation burden (10-100 mutations per Mb). Furthermore, both mechanisms were associated with increased immune infiltration even in 'immunologically cold' tumors such as gliomas, contributing to the favorable response. Pseudo-progression (flare) was common and was associated with immune activation in the tumor microenvironment and systemically. Furthermore, patients with flare who continued ICI treatment achieved durable responses. This study demonstrates improved survival for patients with tumors not previously known to respond to ICI treatment, including central nervous system and synchronous cancers, and identifies the dual roles of mutation burden and MS-indels in predicting sustained response to immunotherapy.
Transceiver Design for Distributed STBC Based AF Cooperative Networks in the Presence of Timing and Frequency Offsets (2013)

In multi-relay cooperative systems, the signal at the destination is affected by impairments such as multiple channel gains, multiple timing offsets (MTOs), and multiple carrier frequency offsets (MCFOs). In this paper we account for all these impairments and propose a new transceiver structure at the relays and a novel receiver design at the destination in distributed space-time block code (DSTBC) based amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative networks. The Cramér-Rao lower bounds and a least squares (LS) estimator for the multi-parameter estimation problem are derived. In order to significantly reduce the receiver complexity at the destination, a differential evolution (DE) based estimation algorithm is applied and the initialization and constraints for the convergence of the proposed DE algorithm are investigated. In order to detect the signal from multiple relays in the presence of unknown channels, MTOs, and MCFOs, novel optimal and sub-optimal minimum mean-square error receiver designs at the destination node are proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed estimation and compensation methods achieve full diversity gain in the presence of channel and synchronization impairments in multi-relay AF cooperative networks.
IL-5-Induced Hypereosinophilia Suppresses the Antigen-Induced Immune Response via a TGF-β-Dependent Mechanism (2007)

Although eosinophils play an essential role in allergic inflammation, their role has recently been under controversy. Epidemic studies suggest that hypereosinophilia induced by parasite infection could suppress subsequent Ag sensitization, although the mechanism has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated whether eosinophils could suppress the Ag-specific immune response in the airway. BALB/c mice were sensitized and airway challenged with OVA. Systemic hypereosinophilia was induced by delivery of an IL-5-producing plasmid. IL-5 gene delivery suppressed the Ag-specific proliferation and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells in the spleen. IL-5 gene delivery before OVA sensitization significantly suppressed airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness provoked by subsequent OVA airway challenge, while delivery during the OVA challenge did not suppress them. This IL-5-induced immune suppression was abolished in eosinophil-ablated mice, suggesting an essential role of eosinophils. IL-5 treatment increased the production of TGF-beta1 in the spleen, and we demonstrated that the main cellular source of TGF-beta1 production was eosinophils, using eosinophil-ablated mice and depletion study. TGF-beta1, but not IL-5 itself, suppressed the Ag-specific immune response of CD4+ T cells in vitro. Furthermore, IL-5 treatment enhanced phosphorylation of Smad2 in CD4+ T cells. Finally, a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor restored this IL-5-induced immune suppression both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that IL-5-induced hypereosinophilia could suppress sensitization to Ag via a TGF-beta-dependent mechanism, thus suppressed allergic airway inflammation. Therefore, hypereosinophilia could reveal an immunosuppressive effect in the early stage of Ag-induced immune response.
A KNIME Workflow for Automated Structure Verification (2020)

Adequate characterization of chemical entities made for biological screening in the drug discovery context is critical. Incorrectly characterized structures lead to mistakes in the interpretation of structure-activity relationships and confuse an already multidimensional optimization problem. Mistakes in the later use of these compounds waste money and valuable resources in a discovery process already under cost pressure. Left unidentified, these errors lead to problems in project data packages during quality review. At worst, they put intellectual property and patent integrity at risk. We describe a KNIME workflow for the early and automated identification of these errors during registration of a new chemical entity into the corporate screening catalog. This Automated Structure Verification workflow provides early identification (within 24 hours) of missing or inconsistent analytical data and therefore reduces any mistakes that inevitably get made. Automated identification removes the burden of work from the chemist submitting the compound into the registration system. No additional work is required unless a problem is identified and the submitter alerted. Before implementation, 14% of samples within the existing sample catalog were missing data on initial pass. A year after implementation, only 0.2% were missing data.
Spectral engineering technique to mitigate 37.5-GHz filter-cascade penalty with real-time 32-GBaud PDM-16QAM (2015)

We investigate the potential of spectral engineering to mitigate the penalties on 32-Gbaud 256-Gb/s PDM-16QAM channels passing through the deployed cascade of 37.5-GHz wide filters in case of wavelength detuning and real-time coherent detection.
Optimal Ripeness Stage for Processing ‘Kent’ Mangoes into Fresh-cut Slices (2013)

The optimal ripeness stage for processing and marketing fresh-cut mangoes ( Mangifera indica ‘Kent’) with best quality and maximum shelf life was determined. The initial ripeness stage selection was based on whole fruit firmness because this quality attribute was more reliable in predicting fresh-cut shelf life than flesh color or soluble solids content (SSC). Overall, the visual quality deteriorated differently and at different rates among ripeness stages. The shelf life, based on subjective visual evaluation, was 10, 7, and 5 days for ripeness stages corresponding to an average flesh firmness of 35, 30, and 25 N, respectively, and was mainly limited by desiccation and development of off-odor for the two firmer ripeness stages or symptoms of edge tissue damage and spoilage for the least firm stage. The slices from fruit with the highest initial firmness remained firmer during storage, had the lowest pH and SSC to titratable acidity (TA) ratio, and had the highest contents of volatile ketones and esters. The softest slices had the highest pH, SSC:TA ratio, and total ascorbic acid (TAA) content, as well as the lowest TA and highest volatile aldehyde and alcohol contents. Intermediate firmness slices had intermediate pH, SSC:TA ratio, color, and TAA content. Also, they had less volatile alcohols and aldehydes than slices from riper fruit but had similar content of esters as slices from the less ripe fruit. Therefore, based on the results from this study, an initial firmness of 30 N is recommended to process mangoes into fresh-cut slices because it assures the best quality and maximum shelf life based on textural, visual, and compositional attributes.
Radiation-Hardened Wall Detector for Alpha Particles (1987)

The measurement of the pitch angle distribution of energetic alphas escaping from a burning plasma represents a key next step diagnostics problem. A unique wall detector design is proposed here which uses a combination of curved collimation, thin scintillator and a fast multi-channel signal processing unit to allow detection of 10-5 alphas per fusion neutron despite the intensive background radiation field involved. An analysis of the shielding of this radiation hardened detector system is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Activation of Cyclobutanols: Formation of Cyclohexane Derivatives with Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel Exercise Regimens and Their Impact on Glucose Metabolism (2004)

0525 Exercise and weight loss improve glucose metabolism. However, little is known about the magnitude of improvement seen with various exercise treatments. PURPOSE: To examine the influence of three different exercise treatments with varying durations and intensities on changes in glucose metabolism. METHODS: Sixty-eight participants (56 women; 12 men) with a mean age of 47 ± 8 (mean ± SD) yrs and BMI of 30.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2 were recruited for a 16-week intervention. Participants were randomized to a program of diet plus: 1) aerobic exercise (4 days/wk of 40 min.); 2) short-bouts of aerobic exercise (4 days/wk of 4–10 min.bouts); or 3) lifestyle activity (accumulation of 30 min. each day). No differences in baseline BMI or proportion of men/women were seen across exercise conditions. Each participant adhered to a balanced diet of 1200 to 1800 kcal/d. An oral glucose tolerance test was administered before and after treatment. RESULTS: Weight loss averaged 6.8 ± 4.8 kg and no between group differences were observed (P = 0.30). Total Area Under the Curve (AUC) for insulin and glucose was not different (all P's > 0.33, all F ratios < 1.1) among treatment groups at baseline and week 16: Pre- and post-Insulin for Aerobic: 64,875 ± 53,883 and 44,488 ± 27,570 pmol/l, Short- Bouts: 65,724 ± 46,299 and 46,286 ± 25,604 pmol/l and Lifestyle: 52,386 ± 35,134 and 48,573 ± 31,933 pmol/l; Pre- and post-Glucose for Aerobic: 406.2 ± 207.2 and 343.0 ± 162.6 mmol/l, Short-Bouts: 326.2 ± 199.1 and 299.7 ± 186.0 mmol/l and Lifestyle: 400.1 ± 170.8 and 337.6 ± 187.8 mmol/l). Therefore, we collapsed across treatment groups when investigating insulin and glucose values and found total AUC was significantly less at week 16 for both insulin and glucose curves (both P's < 0.001). Pre- and post-treatment values were 61,265 ± 45,748 and 45,907 ± 28,290 pmol/l for insulin, and 380.4 ± 194.5 and 328.1 ± 177.3 mmol/l for glucose. CONCLUSION: Improvements in glucose metabolism following weight loss are not significantly influenced by type of exercise. Therefore, lifestyle activity or short-bouts exercise may be a suitable alternative to traditional exercise for individuals seeking improved glucose metabolism. Supported by NIH Grant RO1 DK 53907–01A1 to REA and the GCRC at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center.
Visual Field Assessment By Clinicians And An Artificial Neural Network For The Diagnosis Of Glaucoma (2012)

Several studies have investigated the ability of machine learning classifiers to interpret visual field test results. In an earlier study we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a previously trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN), with its input based on pattern deviation probability scores, in an independent data set of fields from both healthy and glaucomatous eyes (Bizios et al 2007). The performance of our ANN was very good (AROC 0.98) and similar to that obtained when training the network. The output of our ANN is a number ranging between 0 and 1, where a cut off value is set to best separate glaucomatous from healthy fields. Outputs close to the endpoints, 0 and 1, indicate high classification certainty, while an output close to the middle of the range indicates uncertainty. Therefore, it is possible to let the ANN provide not only a classification of the visual field test, but also an estimation of the certainty of classification.
Continuous Clinical Response Is Associated With a Change of Disease Course in Patients With Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis Treated With Golimumab (2018)

Continuous clinical response is associated with favorable short- and long-term clinical, endoscopic, QoL, and biomarker responses that may result in changing the course of disease and may prevent colectomy in patients with moderate to severe UC treated with golimumab. 10.1093/ibd/izy229_video1izy229.video15806022773001.
Evolution of cyclic peptide protease inhibitors (2011)

We report a bacterial system for the evolution of cyclic peptides that makes use of an expanded set of amino acid building blocks. Orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA(CUA) pairs, together with a split intein system were used to biosynthesize a library of ribosomal peptides containing amino acids with unique structures and reactivities. This peptide library was subsequently used to evolve an inhibitor of HIV protease using a selection based on cellular viability. Two of three cyclic peptides isolated after two rounds of selection contained the keto amino acid p-benzoylphenylalanine (pBzF). The most potent peptide (G12: GIXVSL; X=pBzF) inhibited HIV protease through the formation of a covalent Schiff base adduct of the pBzF residue with the ε-amino group of Lys 14 on the protease. This result suggests that an expanded genetic code can confer an evolutionary advantage in response to selective pressure. Moreover, the combination of natural evolutionary processes with chemically biased building blocks provides another strategy for the generation of biologically active peptides using microbial systems.
Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays on a Robust Hybrid Substrate for Highly Sensitive Label-Free Biosensing (2015)

Plasmonic nanohole arrays have received significant attention, as they have highly advantageous optical properties for ultrasensitive and label-free biosensing applications. Currently, most of these subwavelength periodic apertures are mainly implemented on transparent materials, which results in multiple spectrally close transmission resonances. However, this spectral characteristic is not ideal for biosensing applications, as it complicates monitoring spectral variations. In this article, utilizing a hybrid substrate composed of a high refractive index dielectric interlayer over a transparent material, we show that gold nanohole arrays support spectrally isolated and well-defined plasmonic resonances that are easy to track. Compared to conventional configurations on transparent material, nanoholes on a hybrid substrate also exhibit plasmonic modes with well-preserved amplitudes, which is useful for reliable spectral monitoring. We show that nanohole arrays on a hybrid substrate are more sensitive to changes in surface conditions. Using a spectral integration method, which evaluates wavelength shifts in a large spectral window instead of monitoring only the plasmonic resonance wavelength, we obtain a detection limit as low as 2 × 10–5 RIU. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate real-time monitoring of biomolecular binding interactions even at sub-1 ng/mL levels.