gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mise en application et évaluation d'outils intégratifs chimiques et biologiques pour mesurer l'impact des produits phytosanitaires sur les cours d'eau (2015)

/ Cette étude présente les résultats de la mise en ½uvre d'outils intégratifs d'évaluation in situ de la contamination de l'eau en pesticides et de ses effets biologiques au sein de rivières sur trois bassins versants agricoles aux contextes agro-pédo-climatiques différenciés. L'objectif majeur poursuivi est de mieux cerner les intérêts et les limites de ces outils pour évaluer l'impact des pratiques phytosanitaires sur les cours d'eau, mais également de mettre en avant l'intérêt d'une approche combinée (complémentarité des réponses). Une forte composante méthodologique a été développée afin de cerner au mieux les conditions et contraintes de mise en ½uvre de chaque outil pour répondre au mieux aux questions posées. Dans le cadre de cette étude, les outils ont plus particulièrement été testés sous l'angle de leur capacité à améliorer les diagnostics d'impact sur le terrain de la contamination des eaux de surface par les pesticides et à rendre compte d'évolutions de cette contamination. Les échantillonneurs passifs, en fournissant une concentration intégrée sur la durée de leur immersion, livrent une information plus représentative de la qualité moyenne du milieu vis-à-vis des substances phytosanitaires que l'échantillonnage ponctuel et améliorent donc l'interprétation des résultats en termes d'évolution spatiale ou temporelle de la contamination, en lien avec l'évolution des pratiques agricoles. Les outils biologiques (gammares encagés, étude des communautés microbiennes autochtones) renseignent plus largement sur les effets toxiques des substances en présence sur les organismes aquatiques. Les suivis réalisés ont prouvé l'aptitude de ces outils chimiques et biologiques à discriminer des typologies de pression différentes (contextes polyculture/viticulture), à rendre compte de la variabilité spatiale (gradient amont/aval, hiérarchisation de sous-bassins versants) et temporelle (effet des crues) de la contamination par les pesticides. De plus, les outils biologiques déployés ont permis de conforter ou de nuancer le suivi chimique apportant ainsi des éléments de diagnostic importants quant à l'estimation d'impacts globaux ou plus spécifiques aux pesticides sur la qualité biologique des milieux aquatiques. L'intérêt d'envisager leur utilisation pour améliorer les diagnostics de la contamination et évaluer l'efficacité de plans d'action est mis en avant. Cette synthèse sera complétée d'un fascicule rassemblant les éléments clés identifiés pour faciliter l'utilisation de ces outils et l'interprétation de leurs résultats pour une gamme de questions opérationnelles.-
Supplemental Figure 2 from Calcipotriol Targets LRP6 to Inhibit Wnt Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2. Calcipotriol does not alter LRP6 expression in Low-BAR/Low-VDR cell lines. (A) Western blot for LRP6 or tubulin (loading control) following treatment with vehicle or 10 μM calcipotriol. Representative experiments from 2-3 biologic replicates are shown.&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of 18F-IAM6067 as a sigma-1 receptor PET tracer for neurodegeneration in vivo in rodents and in human tissue (2020)

The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is widely expressed in the CNS and is mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The S1R is involved in the regulation of many neurotransmission systems and, indirectly, in neurodegenerative diseases. The S1R may therefore represent an interesting neuronal biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) or Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Here we present the characterisation of the S1R-specific <sup>18</sup>F-labelled tracer <sup>18</sup>F-IAM6067 in two animal models and in human brain tissue. <b>Methods:</b> Wistar rats were used for PET-CT imaging (60 min dynamic acquisition) and metabolite analysis (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 60 min post-injection). To verify <i>in vivo</i> selectivity, haloperidol, BD1047 (S1R ligand), CM398 (S2R ligand) and SB206553 (5HT<sub>2B/C</sub> antagonist) were administrated for pre-saturation studies. Excitotoxic lesions induced by intra-striatal injection of AMPA were also imaged by <sup>18</sup>F-IAM6067 PET-CT to test the sensitivity of the methods in a well-established model of neuronal loss. Tracer brain uptake was also verified by autoradiography in rats and in a mouse model of PD (intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral lesion). Finally, human cortical binding was investigated by autoradiography in three groups of subjects (control subjects with Braak ≤2, and AD patients, Braak >2 & ≤4 and Braak >4 stages). <b>Results:</b> We demonstrate that despite rapid peripheral metabolism of <sup>18</sup>F-IAM6067, radiolabelled metabolites were hardly detected in brain samples. Brain uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-IAM6067 showed differences in S1R anatomical distribution, namely from high to low uptake: pons-raphe, thalamus medio-dorsal, <i>substantia nigra</i>, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cortical areas and striatum. Pre-saturation studies showed 79-90% blockade of the binding in all areas of the brain indicated above except with the 5HT<sub>2B/C</sub> antagonist SB206553 and S2R ligand CM398 which induced no significant blockade, indicating good specificity of <sup>18</sup>F-IAM6067 for S1Rs. No difference between ipsi- and contralateral sides of the brain in the mouse model of PD was detected. AMPA lesion induced a significant 69% decrease in <sup>18</sup>F-IAM6067 uptake in the globus pallidus matching the neuronal loss as measured by NeuN, but only a trend to decrease (-16%) in the caudate putamen despite a significant 91% decrease in neuronal count. Moreover, no difference in the human cortical binding was shown between AD groups and controls. <b>Conclusion:</b> This work shows that <sup>18</sup>F-IAM6067 is a specific and selective S1R radiotracer. The absence or small changes in S1R detected here in animal models and human tissue warrants further investigations and suggests that S1R might not be the anticipated ideal biomarker for neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.
A conditional probability analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gating indicates that ATP has multiple effects during the gating cycle (2001)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters bind and hydrolyze ATP. In the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl(-) channel, this interaction with ATP generates a gating cycle between a closed (C) and two open (O1 and O2) conformations. To understand better how ATP controls channel activity, we examined gating transitions from the C to the O1 and O2 states and from these open states to the C conformation. We made three main observations. First, we found that the channel can open into either the O1 or O2 state, that the frequency of transitions to both states was increased by ATP concentration, and that ATP increased the relative proportion of openings into O1 vs. O2. These results indicate that ATP can interact with the closed state to open the channel in at least two ways, which may involve binding to nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) NBD1 and NBD2. Second, ATP prolonged the burst duration and altered the way in which the channel closed. These data suggest that ATP also interacts with the open channel. Third, the channel showed runs of specific types of open-closed transitions. This finding suggests a mechanism with more than one cycle of gating transitions. These data suggest models to explain how ATP influences conformational transitions in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and perhaps other ABC transporters.
Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus musculus) genome: population structure and history in the North Atlantic (2021)

Knowledge of genetic diversity and structure is essential for developing conservation strategies for endangered species. The advances in museum genomics can assist in better understanding the effects of over-hunting on the genome by comparing historical to present-day samples. Blue whales were hunted to the point of near extinction in the mid-twentieth century. Herein, we use whole genome sequencing to elucidate the poorly understood population structure of North Atlantic (NA) blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus musculus). We generated a de novo genome assembly of 2.49 Mbp for a NA blue whale (N50 of 1.46 Mb) to analyze 19 whole genomic sequences and 28 complete mitochondrial genomes. We included present-day and historical samples (earliest from 1900) from the Atlantic and Antarctica to understand the impact of whaling on the genetic diversity. We found low population structuring, but high genetic diversity, suggesting a single, panmictic population in the NA. We identified gene flow from fin whale to blue whales, accounting for ~3.5% of the genome. Introgression between blue and fin whales was observed in all the present-day samples but were lacking in some whales sampled early in the 20th century, which suggests increasing disruption in mate choice concomitant with decline in blue whale population. We also assembled and analyzed the transcriptome and revealed positive selection of oncogenes, which may be involved in reduced cancer rates in this largest of mammals ever known. Our sequencing and population structuring studies provide a genomic framework to guide ongoing conservation strategies for this iconic species.
Panel Discussions and Presentations (2005)

The conference will address the following questions: when is the duty triggered? how does it square with other creditor protections? what does the duty entail? how does it differ from existing rules? who has standing to bring the action? how does the duty work in the face of the shareholder primacy norm? how does it relate to other constituency statutes? how do these emerging standards apply to corporate officers and professionals? how is the duty enforced? does it apply outside of a bankruptcy proceeding? how does this work in relation to the developing doctrine of “deepening insolvency”? is there a comparable duty in the UK or EU? what is the source of the new duty? do we really need a new doctrine here?
Search for Pair Production of Third-Generation Leptoquarks and Top Squarks inppCollisions ats=7  TeV (2013)

Results are presented from a search for the pair production of third-generation scalar and vector leptoquarks, as well as for top squarks in R-parity-violating supersymmetric models. In either scenario, the new, heavy particle decays into a τ lepton and a b quark. The search is based on a data sample of pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV, which is collected by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb(-1). The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the standard model prediction, and exclusion limits on mass parameters are obtained at the 95% confidence level. Vector leptoquarks with masses below 760 GeV are excluded and, if the branching fraction of the scalar leptoquark decay to a τ lepton and a b quark is assumed to be unity, third-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses below 525 GeV are ruled out. Top squarks with masses below 453 GeV are excluded for a typical benchmark scenario, and limits on the coupling between the top squark, τ lepton, and b quark, λ(333)(') are obtained. These results are the most stringent for these scenarios to date.
Biodegradation of Formaldehyde by a Formaldehyde-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Seawater (2001)

A formaldehyde-tolerant bacterium designated as a DM-2 strain was used to biodegrade formaldehyde. The cells, precultivated in the presence of 400 ppm of formaldehyde, were able to degrade formaldehyde in a minimal medium supplemented with up to 400 ppm of formaldehyde in the presence of 3% NaCl. The rate of formaldehyde degradation achieved in this study was 45 ppm/h when the DM-2 culture’s optical density at 660 nm was 1.2.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Targeted Axl Inhibition Primes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells to Apoptosis and Shows Synergistic/Additive Effects in Combination with BTK Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. BCR stimulation sensitizes CLL B-cells to BTK inhibitor induced apoptosis in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;
Quantum Entanglement in Deep Learning Architectures (2019)

Modern deep learning has enabled unprecedented achievements in various domains. Nonetheless, employment of machine learning for wave function representations is focused on more traditional architectures such as restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) and fully connected neural networks. In this Letter, we establish that contemporary deep learning architectures, in the form of deep convolutional and recurrent networks, can efficiently represent highly entangled quantum systems. By constructing tensor network equivalents of these architectures, we identify an inherent reuse of information in the network operation as a key trait which distinguishes them from standard tensor network-based representations, and which enhances their entanglement capacity. Our results show that such architectures can support volume-law entanglement scaling, polynomially more efficiently than presently employed RBMs. Thus, beyond a quantification of the entanglement capacity of leading deep learning architectures, our analysis formally motivates a shift of trending neural-network-based wave function representations closer to the state-of-the-art in machine learning.
Area-efficient linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulation (2005)

We demonstrate a fully integrated linear regulator for multisupply voltage microprocessors implemented in a 90 nm CMOS technology. Ultra-fast single-stage load regulation achieves a 0.54-ns response time at 94% current efficiency. For a 1.2-V input voltage and 0.9-V output voltage the regulator enables a 90 mV/sub P-P/ output droop for a 100-mA load step with only a small on-chip decoupling capacitor of 0.6 nF. By using a PMOS pull-up transistor in the output stage we achieved a small regulator area of 0.008 mm/sup 2/ and a minimum dropout voltage of 0.2 V for 100 mA of output current. The area for the 0.6-nF MOS capacitor is 0.090 mm/sup 2/.
Supporting data for Effects of Segment Length Asymmetry in Ternary Diblock Co-polymer-Homopolymer Mixtures (2017)

This data set contains data files and scripts to generate results reported in "Effects of Segment Length Asymmetry in Ternary Diblock Copolymer−Homopolymer Mixtures" by Yadav et al. Self-consistent field theory was used to study the effect of asymmetry between A and B statistical segment lengths on interfacial properties and phase behavior in ternary mixtures of AB diblock co-polymers, A homopolymers, and B homopolymers. We consider systems with volumetrically symmetric homopolymers and co-polymer, in which a difference between A and B statistical segment length is the only source of asymmetry between A and B monomers. The sign of the spontaneous curvature of monolayer interfaces between A- and B-rich homopolymer domains is shown to depend on the ratio of co-polymer to homopolymer chain lengths: Interfaces preferentially curve toward the component with a higher statistical segment length when the homopolymer lengths are greater than or comparable to the co- polymer length (as also found in diblock co-polymer melts) but curve away from this component when the homopolymers are much shorter than the co-polymer.
THE LINKING OF BETA‐OXIDATION TO CARDIOLIPIN REMODELING (2010)

We previously identified a human linoleoyl‐Coenzyme A monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) acyltransferase activity (MLCL AT‐1) (Taylor and Hatch 2009 J. Biol. Chem. 284: 30360‐30371). This 59 kDa human protein was identical to the 74 kDa human α‐subunit of trifunctional protein (αTFP) minus the first 237 amino acids. Here we characterize the MLCL AT activity of αTFP. The 74 kDa αTFP exhibited MLCL AT activity and western blot analysis under non‐denaturing conditions revealed the presence of a 150 kDa protein indicative of the dimeric form of αTFP. NAD stimulated the MLCL AT activity of αTFP. Recombinant human αTFP exhibited specificity for linoleoyl‐CoA in the acylation of MLCL to cardiolipin (CL). Expression of αTFP increased MLCL AT activity and [1‐ 14 C]linoleate incorporation into CL in Hela cells, whereas, RNAi knock down had the opposite effect. RNAi knock down of the β‐subunit of trifunctional protein increased MLCL AT activity indicating that αTFP has MLCL AT activity and the β‐subunit is a negative regulator of activity. Thyroxine‐treatment of rats, which increases MLCL AT activity, increased αTFP mRNA expression compared to euthyroid controls, whereas, propylthiouracil‐treatment, which reduced MLCL AT activity, had the opposite effect. The results clearly indicate that the 74 kDa human αTFP has MLCL AT activity and thus linking an enzyme of CL remodeling with β‐oxidation.
Three-Dimensional Directionality Is a Pivotal Structural Feature for the Bioactivity of Azabisphosphonate-Capped Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) Nanodrug Dendrimers (2018)

Dendrimers are nanosized, nonlinear, hyperbranched polymers whose overall 3D shape is key for their biological activity. Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) (PPH) dendrimers capped with aza-bisphosphonate (ABP) end groups are known to have anti-inflammatory properties enabling the control of inflammatory diseases in different mouse models. Here we screen the anti-inflammatory activity of a series of PPH dendrimers bearing between 2 and 16 ABP end groups in a mouse model of arthritis and confront the biological results with atomistic simulations of the dendrimers. We show that only the PPH dendrimers capped with 10 and 12 ABP end groups can control the flare of the inflammatory disease. All-atom accelerated molecular dynamics simulations show that dendrimers with a low number of ABP end groups are directional but highly flexible/dynamic and have thereby limited efficiency in establishing multivalent interactions. The largest dendrimer appears as nondirectional, having 16 ABP end groups forming patches all over the dendrimer surface. Conversely, intermediate dendrimers having 10 or 12 ABP end groups reach the best compromise between the number of surface groups and their stable directional gathering, a real maximization of multivalency.
Electronic Conductivity of Salts which are Composed of Poly(N-xylylene, N, N-dimethyl diammonium dichloride), Poly(N-xylylene, piperidinium dichloride) and Poly(N-xylylene, morpholinium dichloride) with 7, 7, 8, 8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (1973)

ポリマーマトリックスにジメチルアンモニウム,ピペリジニウムおよびモルホリニウムを保有するポリカチオン(Mx)の7,7,8,8-テトラシアノキノジメタソアニオンラジカル塩(CQ塩)を合成し,N置換基の電導性におよぼす影響を比抵抗ρおよび電導の活性化エネルギー Eaから検討した。XX-CQ, PX-CQおよびMX-CQのρは, simple saltではそれぞれ1.4x10 10,1.8x10 10,6.5x10 3 Ω,cm, complex saltでは4.6x10 2,4.8x10 3,2.0x10 2Ω,cmであった。 dopeによりXX-CQはPX-CQに比較してρおよびEaの低下がいちじるしいが,これはピペリジン基がCQのpackingに大きく影響するためと考えられる。MX-CQのsimple saltではいちじるしくρが低く, dopingによるρの低下もきわめて小さい。これはモルホリン環の酸素原子が電導にいちじるしく寄与しており,dopeにさいしてはモルホリソ環が配列の障害となってρの低下を妨げるものと推定した。
Isolation of a NCK-associated Kinase, PRK2, an SH3-binding Protein and Potential Effector of Rho Protein Signaling (1996)

The NCK adapter protein is comprised of three consecutive Src homology 3 (SH3) protein-protein interaction domains and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Although the association of NCK with activated receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, via its SH2 domain, implicates NCK as a mediator of growth factor-induced signal transduction, little is known about the pathway(s) downstream of NCK recruitment. To identify potential downstream effectors of NCK we screened a bacterial expression library to isolate proteins that bind its SH3 domains. Two molecules were isolated, the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP, a putative CDC42 effector) and a serine/threonine protein kinase (PRK2, closely related to the putative Rho effector PKN). Using interspecific backcross analysis the Prk2 gene was mapped to mouse chromosome 3. Unlike WASP, which bound the SH3 domains of several signaling proteins, PRK2 specifically bound to the middle SH3 domain of NCK and (weakly) that of phospholipase Cgamma. PRK2 also specifically bound to Rho in a GTP-dependent manner and cooperated with Rho family proteins to induce transcriptional activation via the serum response factor. These data suggest that PRK2 may coordinately mediate signal transduction from activated receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and Rho and that NCK may function as an adapter to connect receptor-mediated events to Rho protein signaling.
Increased photoluminescence of strain-reduced, high-Sn composition Ge1−xSnx alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2011)

We synthesized up to Ge0.914Sn0.086 alloys on (100) GaAs/InyGa1−yAs buffer layers using molecular beam epitaxy. The buffer layers enable engineered control of strain in the Ge1−xSnx layers to reduce strain-related defects and precipitation. Samples grown under similar conditions show a monotonic increase in the integrated photoluminescence (PL) intensity as the Sn composition is increased, indicating changes in the bandstructure favorable for optoelectronics. We account for bandgap changes from strain and composition to determine a direct bandgap bowing parameter of b = 2.1 ± 0.1. According to our models, these are the first Ge1−xSnx samples that are both direct-bandgap and exhibit PL.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Two‐Step Conversion of Lactones into Cyclic Ethers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tyrosine 569 in the c-Fms juxtamembrane domain is essential for kinase activity and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent internalization. (1994)

The receptor (Fms) for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a member of the tyrosine kinase class of growth factor receptors. It maintains survival, stimulates growth, and drives differentiation of the macrophage lineage of hematopoietic cells. Fms accumulates on the cell surface and becomes activated for signal transduction after M-CSF binding and is then internalized via endocytosis for eventual degradation in lysosomes. We have investigated the mechanism of endocytosis as part of the overall signaling process of this receptor and have identified an amino acid segment near the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region surrounding tyrosine 569 that is important for internalization. Mutation of tyrosine 569 to alanine (Y569A) eliminates ligand-induced rapid endocytosis of receptor molecules. The mutant Fms Y569A also lacks tyrosine kinase activity; however, tyrosine kinase activity is not essential for endocytosis because the kinase inactive receptor Fms K614A does undergo ligand-induced endocytosis, albeit at a reduced rate. Mutation of tyrosine 569 to phenylalanine had no effect on the M-CSF-induced endocytosis of Fms, and a four-amino-acid sequence containing Y-569 could support endocytosis when transferred into the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region of a glycophorin A construct. These results indicate that tyrosine 569 within the juxtamembrane region of Fms is part of a signal recognition sequence for endocytosis that does not require tyrosine phosphorylation at this site and that this domain also influences the kinase activity of the receptor. These results are consistent with a ligand-dependent step in recognition of the potential cryptic internalization signal.
Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients of Nanofluids Containing Carbon Nanotubes up to Critical Heat Fluxes (2011)

본 연구에서는 순수 물에 탄소나노튜브를 분산시킨 나노유체를 작동유체로 하여 60℃에서 정사각형 구리평면 히터를 이용하여 핵 비등 열전달계수와 임계 열유속을 측정하였다. 탄소나노튜브의 체적비는 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%까지 변화시켜 실험을 수행하였다. 탄소나노튜브는 고분자 물질을 사용하여 분산시키지 않고 탄소나노튜브에 직접 산화처리를 하여 분산시켰다. 실험 결과 나노유체의 열전달계수는 순수 물과 비교해 모든 체적비에서 증가하였다. 산화 처리를 한 탄소나노튜브는 비등이 일어나는 동안 열 경계층 안에서 열전도도가 큰 탄소나노튜브가 침착되지 않고 열전달 표면에 자주 접촉함으로써 열 경계층을 교란시켜 비등 열전달을 촉진시키는 것으로 사료된다. 임계 열유속은 체적비 0.001%에서 순수 물의 결과에 비해 150%까지 증가하였다. 이는 열전달 표면에서 탄소나노튜브가 매우 얇게 침착되어 생긴 나노 막으로 인해 거대한 기포막의 형성이 억제되고 핵 비등이 높은 열유속에서도 지속되어 임계 열유속이 증가하는 것으로 판단된다.