gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile Network Architecture (1989)

The Mobile Network Architecture (MNA) is designed to provide a cohesive, consistent framework for the development of a new generation of mobile data communications systems. This new generation of systems is required to meet the varying needs of current and future users, providing integrated support for the development, attachment and operation of diverse mobile applications. This paper describes the form and function of the three component architectures of the MNA, and how these components provide service to the users of an integrated mobile data network. The Communications Architecture, which is based upon the CCITT Open Systems Interconnection reference model, supports a layering of communications services and protocols for mobile data transport. The Operations, Administration and Maintenance Architecture, which is derived from the ISO OSI Management Framework, facilitates centralized management and control of a mobile network. Finally, the Applications Architecture, which uses a transaction-based model derived from experience with existing mobile applications, supports user applications in the harsh mobile environment.
Herstellung und magnetische Untersuchung von 2,6‐Bis(triphenyl‐phosphoranylidenamino)phenolen und der entsprechenden Aroxyle (1979)

Abstract De Synthese der 4‐Alkyl‐2,6‐bis (phosphoranylidenamino)phenole 1–3 aus 4‐Alkyl‐2,6‐diamino‐phenolen und Dibromtriphenylphosphoran wird beschrieben. Die 31 P‐NMR‐Spektren von 1–3 zeigen jeweils drei nichtäquivalente Phosphorkerne. Die Intensitäten der Signale sind temperatur‐abhängig, so daß auch für diese Verbindungen ein Iminophosphoran‐Benzoxazaphospholin‐Gleichgewicht nachgewiesen wird. Die Phenole 1–3 lassen sich in Lösung zu den entsprechenden Phenoxylen 1a–3a oxidieren. Die ESR‐ und ENDOR‐Spektren zeigen Kopplungen mit jeweils zwei äquivalenten Phosphorkernen. Aus den Temperaturgradienten dieser Phosphoraufspaltungen wird auf eine planare Tieftemperaturkonformation für o ‐(Phosphoranylidenamino)phenoxyle geschlossen.
A Nanojunction pH Sensor within a Nanowire (2022)

pH sensors that are nanoscopic in all three dimensions are fabricated within a single gold nanowire. Fabrication involves the formation of a nanogap within the nanowire via electromigration, followed by electropolymerization of pH-responsive poly(aniline) (PANI) that fills the nanogap forming the nanojunction. All fabrication steps are performed using wet chemical methods that do not require a clean room. The measured electrical impedance of the PANI nanojunction is correlated with pH from 2.0 to 9.0 with a response time of 30 s. Larger, micrometer-scale PANI junctions exhibit a slower response. The measured pH is weakly influenced by the salt concentration of the contacting aqueous solution. An impedance measurement at two frequencies (300 kHz and 1.0 Hz) enables estimation of the salt concentration and correction of the measured pH value, preserving the accuracy of the pH measurement across the entire calibration curve for salt concentrations up to 1.0 M. The result is a nanoscopic pH sensor with pH sensing performance approaching that of a conventional, macroscopic pH glass-membrane electrode.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Direct cross-priming by th lymphocytes generates memory cytotoxic T cell responses. (2005)

Under optimal Ag stimulation, CTL become functional effector and memory T cells. Professional APCs (pAPC) are considered essential for the activation of CTL, due to their unique capacity to provide costimulation and present exogenous Ags through MHC class I molecules. In this study, we report a novel means by which Th lymphocytes acquire and present MHC class I determinants to naive CTL. Although previous studies have looked at T cell Ag presentation to activated T cells, this study presents the first example of Ag presentation by Th cells to naive CTL. We report that activated Th cells can function as effective pAPC for CTL. Our results show that: 1) In addition to acquisition of cell surface molecules, including MHC class I/peptide complexes, from pAPC, Th cells can acquire and present MHC class I-binding peptides through TCR-MHC class II interactions with pAPC; 2) the acquired Ag can be functionally presented to CTL; and 3) Ag presentation by Th cells induces naive CTL to proliferate and preferentially differentiate into cells that phenotypically and functionally resemble central memory T cells. These findings suggest a novel role of Th cells as pAPC for the development of memory immune responses. PMID: 15778353 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50CA91956 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA080782 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01CA103921 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32AI07425 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01CA80782 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA103921 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Modular optimization in metabolic engineering (2021)

There is an increasing demand for bioproducts produced by metabolically engineered microbes, such as pharmaceuticals, biofuels, biochemicals and other high value compounds. In order to meet this demand, modular optimization, the optimizing of subsections instead of the whole system, has been adopted to engineer cells to overproduce products. Research into modularity has focused on traditional approaches such as DNA, RNA, and protein-level modularity of intercellular machinery, by optimizing metabolic pathways for enhanced production. While research into these traditional approaches continues, limitations such as scale-up and time cost hold them back from wider use, while at the same time there is a shift to more novel methods, such as moving from episomal expression to chromosomal integration. Recently, nontraditional approaches such as co-culture systems and cell-free metabolic engineering (CFME) are being investigated for modular optimization. Co-culture modularity looks to optimally divide the metabolic burden between different hosts. CFME seeks to modularly optimize metabolic pathways <i>in vitro</i>, both speeding up the design of such systems and eliminating the issues associated with live hosts. In this review we will examine both traditional and nontraditional approaches for modular optimization, examining recent developments and discussing issues and emerging solutions for future research in metabolic engineering.
A Rational Approach in the Design of Selective Mesoporous Adsorbents (2006)

Two MCM-41 derived adsorbents have been tailor-made for the separation of silver and copper ions using the hard-soft, acid-base (HSAB) principle as the design guideline. NH2-MCM-41 containing "hard" Lewis base adsorption sites (i.e., RNH2) was prepared for the adsorption of the "hard" Lewis acid, Cu2+, and SH-MCM-41 with a grafted "soft" thiolpropyl base was prepared for the selective removal of Ag+, a "soft" Lewis acid. Single- and binary-component adsorption studies were conducted at different metal concentrations, solution compositions, and pH values. The experimental results showed that SH-MCM-41 has excellent affinity and capacity for silver adsorption and adsorbed only the silver ions with copper remaining in the solution. The selectivity was not affected by the metal concentration and composition, anion, and pH. Under similar experimental conditions, NH2-MCM-41 selectively adsorbed copper from the binary solution. The selectivity of NH2-MCM-41 remained for the copper at different pH values, although the adsorption capacity diminished at lower pH values. The type of anions used affected copper adsorption on NH2-MCM-41 with an increased copper uptake in the presence of the sulfate ions. A simple Freundlich adsorption model was sufficient to describe metal adsorption on SH-MCM-41 and NH2-MCM-41, and the LeVan and Vermeulen model was successfully used to predict the adsorption capacity and selectivity for binary-component adsorptions.
Noninvasive imaging for the new century (1999)

Noninvasive imaging technologies are expected to play a significant role in the area of medical diagnosis and industrial imaging. The engineers of the 21st century will need the appropriate skill to master the power of new technologies. To face the challenges of the new century, a strong impulse toward a multidisciplinary and diversified engineering knowledge will be essential. Some examples of noninvasive imaging (spiral CT, microwave imaging, hybrid modalities) and image enhancement techniques are presented.
Zero‐Velocity Update Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation (2021)

This chapter focuses on the self-contained aiding techniques for pedestrian inertial navigation, which can limit the navigation error propagation of the strapdown inertial navigation while keeping the whole system independent of the environment. One of the most commonly used aiding techniques in the pedestrian inertial navigation is the Zero-Velocity Update (ZUPT) aiding. One of the main advantages of ZUPT is its ability to obtain pseudo-measurement of the velocity, which is otherwise unobservable by inertial measurement units (IMUs). There are two key parts involved in the ZUPT-aided navigation algorithm: the stance phase detector and the pseudo-measurement of the motion of the foot. In the pedestrian inertial navigation, the Extended Kalman Filter is commonly used to fuse the IMU readouts with other aiding techniques to obtain a more accurate navigation result. The chapter introduces the concept, algorithmic implementation, and parameter selection of the ZUPT-aided pedestrian inertial navigation.
An RF-powered FSK/ASK receiver for remotely controlled systems (2016)

A fully integrated RF-powered receiver for remotely controlled systems is presented. The receiver adopts ASK and FSK modulations and is capable of operating in the ISM bands of 433 MHz, 869 MHz, and 915 MHz, while achieving a bit rate down to 62 kb/s. The circuit includes an RF harvester and a power management unit for the RF to DC power conversion and control, respectively, and an OTP memory with a digital interface for the operating configuration. Measurements show a harvester sensitivity of -18.8 dBm and accurate ASK demodulation with a modulation index as low as 10%. The current consumption is 87 μA and 720 μA for the ASK and FSK receiving mode, respectively. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology and occupies a core area of 2.2 mm2.
Geometric Modeling Based on Polygonal Meshes (2007)

This document is the support of a course given at the Eurographics 2008 conference (Crete, Greece, April 14-18)
An efficient search method for large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition (2002)

This paper proposes an efficient method for large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition, using a compact data structure and an efficient search algorithm. We introduce a very compact data structure DAWG as a lexicon to reduce the search space. We also propose a search algorithm to obtain the N-best hypotheses using the DAWG structure. This search algorithm is composed of two phases: "forward search" and "traceback". Forward search, which basically uses the time-synchronous Viterbi algorithm, merges candidates and stores the information about them in DAWG structures to create phoneme graphs. Traceback traces the phoneme graphs to obtain the N-best hypotheses. An evaluation of this method's performance using a speech-recognition-based telephone-directory-assistance system having a 4000-word vocabulary confirmed that our strategy improves speech recognition in terms of time and recognition rate.
Synthesis and applications of highly functionalized 1-halo-3-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (2018)

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of 1,4-disubstituted arenes, <i>tert</i>-butyl and acetylenic groups that can impart physicochemical benefits on drug candidates. Here we describe the synthesis of BCPs bearing carbon and halogen substituents under exceptionally mild reaction conditions, <i>via</i> triethylborane-initiated atom-transfer radical addition ring-opening of tricyclo[1.1.1.0<sup>1,3</sup>]pentane (TCP) with alkyl halides. This chemistry displays broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, enabling application to BCP analogues of biologically-relevant targets such as peptides, nucleosides, and pharmaceuticals. The BCP halide products can be converted to the parent phenyl/<i>tert</i>-butyl surrogates through triethylborane-promoted dehalogenation, or to other derivatives including carbonyls, alcohols, and heterocycles.
MP-HA: Multicycles protocol for hospital automation over multicast addressing (2008)

This paper presents a Multicycles Protocol for Hospital Automation (MP-HA) that works over multicast addressing and uses a Master-Slave architecture. The protocol creates a segmented logical network based on multicast addressing associated to hospital beds. The objective of MP-HA is to ensure the determinism on network through medium access control mechanism increasing the transmission throughput. Thus, it creates a periodical environment making use of parallel cycles which is called multicycles.
Biotechnological Production of Methyl-Branched Aldehydes (2016)

A number of methyl-branched aldehydes impart interesting flavor impressions, and especially 12-methyltridecanal is a highly sought after flavoring compound for savory foods. Its smell is reminiscent of cooked meat and tallow. For the biotechnological production of 12-methyltridecanal, the literature was screened for fungi forming iso-fatty acids. Suitable organisms were identified and successfully grown in submerged cultures. The culture medium was optimized to increase the yields of branched fatty acids. A recombinant carboxylic acid reductase was used to reduce 12-methyltridecanoic acid to 12-methyltridecanal. The efficiency of whole-cell catalysis was compared to that of the purified enzyme preparation. After lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the fungal lipid extracts, the released fatty acids were converted to the corresponding aldehydes, including 12-methyltridecanal and 12-methyltetradecanal.
Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics of Mad2 siRNA-loaded EGFR-Targeted Chitosan Nanoparticles in Cisplatin Sensitive and Resistant Lung Cancer Models (2016)

TG nanoparticles present as an attractive drug delivery platform for RNAi therapeutics against NSCLC.
Lead intoxication by ingestion of lead shot in racing pigeons (Columba livia) = Een geval van loodintoxicatie bij sportduiven (2004)

Acute lead poisoning caused by ingestion of lead shot was diagnosed in two young racing pigeons that had been feeding on a meadow where lead shot was available. One bird showing a blood level of 7000 μg/l lead died despite calcium disodium EDTA treatment, while the other was saved.
The ideal switch is not enough (2016)

There is an ongoing demand for increased power density and efficiency along with lower costs of converter systems and shorter development time for specific applications in the field of power electronics. In order to expedite the technology development Google and IEEE initiated the Google Little Box Challenge (GLBC) including $1 million prize money. Aim of the GLBC was to build the worldwide smallest 2 kVA/400...450 VDC/230 VAC single-phase converter with η > 95% efficiency and an air-cooled case temperature of less than 60 °C by using latest semiconductor technology and innovative topological concepts. Out of 2000+ applications 18 finalists have been selected, whose converter systems exhibited power densities mostly in the range of 120...220 W/in3. With this, a clear performance increase compared to the state of the art (ρ <; 50 W/in3) was achieved, but in the end it represented only a limited performance improvement. In this work, a high power density DC/AC converter system, developed by a team of the ETH Zurich, the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration (IZM) and the Fraza company and presented at the GLBC finale in Golden, Colorado, will be described and further optimized. Given the converter system, it will be clarified which components and technologies are finally limiting an increase in performance. In a first step, the optimum solution will be identified by means of a ηρ-Pareto front obtained from a multi-objective optimization. The analysis will be based on detailed loss and volume models of the utilized GaN GIT power switches, inductors and capacitors as well as on component stresses, resulting for advanced modulation and control techniques. Thereafter, the models of the power semiconductors will be gradually idealized by means of reducing the switching and conduction losses. The resulting shift of the Pareto front reveals the sensitivity of the system performance with respect to the semiconductor technology and ultimately leads to an `absolute' performance limit imposed by the passive components and the cooling system. It is shown that for fully idealized semiconductors a maximum possible performance increase of 50 % regarding power density or losses is feasible, whereby the switching frequencies are limited to & 1 MHz due to the losses in the magnetic components. Thus, for the realization of highly compact systems, high frequency core materials and winding concepts of the magnetic components, new heat management concepts and 3D-packaging will gain further importance in future along with the ongoing improvement of semiconductor technologies.
Investigations Towards the Chemoselective Thioacetaliztion of Carbonyl Compounds by Using Ionic Liquid [bmim]Br as a Recyclable Catalytic Medium (2004)

Abstract The ionic liquid based on the 1‐ n ‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation has been prepared and used as an efficient catalytic medum for the chemoselective thioacetalization of carbonyl compounds. Furthermore, recycling and reuse of this ionic liquid medium has been demonstrated. Moreover, the use of this catalytic medium not only avoids the generation of waste but also provides a green process with minimal hazards.
DeviceLevel Early Floorplanning Algorithms for RF Circuits (2009)

High-frequency circuits are notoriously difficult to lay out because of the tight coupling between device-level placement and wiring.Given that successful electrical performance requires careful control of the lowest-level geometric features-wire bends, precise length, proximity, planarity, etc.-we suggest a new layout strategy for these circuits: early floorplanning at the device level.This paper develops a floorplanner for RF circuits based on a genetic algorithm (GA) that supports fully simultaneous placement and routing.The GA evolves slicing-style floorplans comprising devices and planned areas for wire meanders.Each floorplan candidate is fully routed with a gridless, detailed maze-router which can dynamically resize the floorplan as necessary.Experimental results demonstrate the ability of this approach to successfully optimize for wire planarity, realize multiple constraints on net lengths or phases, and achieve reasonable area in modest CPU times.
Wide-Speed Autopilot System for a Swimming Hexapod Robot (2013)

For underwater swimming robots, which use the unconventional method of oscillating flippers for propulsion and control, being able to move stably at various velocities is challenging. This stable motion facilitates navigation, avoids blurring the images taken by a camera motion, and enables longterm observations of specific locations. Previous experiments with our swimming robot Aqua have shown that its autopilot system must adapt the control parameters as a function of speed. The reason is that the dynamics of both the robot and the thrusting system vary widely as a function of the overall velocity of the robot. In this paper, we present the results of manually tuning a stable autopilot system for this Aqua swimming robot. We employed a well-known technique called gain scheduling to allow for stable operation for velocities ranging from 0 to 40 cm/s, in real open sea conditions. Thus, our platform is now suitable for vision-based navigation in low light conditions as well as for extended observation through station-keeping. The results presented here are also a proof-of-concept that agile and reactive autonomous hovering is possible for flipper-based propulsion system.
Porcine model of diabetic dyslipidemia: insulin and feed algorithms for mimicking diabetes mellitus in humans. (2003)

A weakness of many animal models of diabetes mellitus is the failure to use insulin therapy, which typically results in severe body wasting. Data collected from such studies must be interpreted cautiously to separate the effects of hyperglycemia from those of starvation. We provide several algorithms that were used by us in two long-term (20-week) experiments in which hyperglycemia (300 to 400 mg/dl), dyslipidemia (cholesterol [280 to 405 mg/dl] and triglycerides [55 to 106 mg/dl] concentrations), and positive energy balance were maintained in swine. Yucatan miniature swine groups included control, alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus plus diet-induced dyslipidemia, and exercise-trained diabetic dyslipidemic pigs. The algorithms were developed for the porcine model because of several similarities to humans, including: cardiac anatomy and physiology, propensity for sedentary behavior, and metabolism of dietary carbohydrates and lipids. Acute toxic effects of alloxan (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, nephrotoxicosis) were minimized by preventive fluid loading and by use of algorithms in which insulin, food, and fluid therapy were administered. Long-term insulin and food maintenance algorithms elicited normal body weight gain in all three diabetic groups (lean experiment) and threefold greater body weight gain in pigs of an obesity experiment. Exercise-trained pigs of both experiments manifested significantly increased work performance and did not experience medical complications. We conclude that these algorithms can be used in swine, or similar algorithms can be developed for other animal species to maintain hyperglycemia and/or dyslipidemia, while avoiding diabetes-induced wasting. Importantly, animal models of diabetes mellitus that maintain positive energy balance and poor glycemic control provide a marked improvement over other models by more closely mimicking the human presentation of diabetes mellitus.
<title>High-aspect-ratio resist structures for optoelectronic (and other) applications</title> (1994)

In this paper we discuss methods for fabricating high aspect ratio structures in thick photoresist. Resist thicknesses in excess of 10 microns can be patterned with near-micron features and with near vertical sidewalls using the techniques described herein. Limits of the lithography relating to dimension control and to maximum usable resist thickness are discussed. Applications of the process to optoelectronics and micromachining are described.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Zein Discriminate Certain Maize Inbreds and Genotypes (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were produced against a selected mixture of purified 23.8 kD and 26.7 kD α-zein polypeptides. Eight hybridomas producing antibodies that react specifically with one or more of these zein polypeptides were selected. MAbs produced by three of these hybridomas were characterized for reactivity with α-zein polypeptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. They were also tested against crude α-zein extracted from selected maize Inbred lines and backcross progenies. MAb3944 reacted with all crude or purified 23.8 kD and 26.7 kD α-zein fractions; MAb3911 reacted with a truncated 26.7 kD polypeptide that occurs only in some lnbreds or genotypes; and MAb39 1011 reacted strongly with 26.7 kD polypeptides and weakly with some 23.8 kD polypeptides. Genetic analysis using MAb3911 as a probe indicated that the mode of inheritance of the specific zein polypeptide recognized by this antibody was monogenic. We conclude that MAbs recognizing individual zein polypeptides or size classes can be obtained and that they offer promise as specific and powerful molecular probes for use in genetic, biochemical, and physiological studies of maize.