gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex two-dimensional pattern lithography using chromeless phase lithography (2002)

Fostered by continued advancements in the field of optical extension technologies, optical lithography continues to extend far beyond what was thought possible only a few years ago. The application of chromeless phase lithography (CPL), or "100% transmission PSM," has been used to demonstrate the potential for optical lithography to image features as small as one-quarter of the exposure wavelength at pitches that are below the exposure wavelength. The ability to print 70 nm lines through pitch using a 248 nm, 0.70 numerical aperture (NA) wafer scanner, QUASAR off-axis illumination, and a chromeless mask (CLM) has been demonstrated by Chen et al. [Chen et al., Proc. SPIE. 4346, 515-533 (2001)]. However, it was confirmed by Chen et al. that imaging complex two-dimensional (2-D) structures with high transmission CLM reticles involves very strong optical proximity effects. The need to use high NA wafer steppers with off-axis illumination in order to apply chromeless phase lithography exacerbates these effects. This phenomenon is further magnified and the interactions become more complex as the pitch between 2-D structures is decreased. The nature of the proximity effects observed with chromeless phase lithography and the means by which to correct for them using various optical proximity correction (OPC) methods are described and explained. Patterns that represent real device-like structures are used to demonstrate that data processing algorithms are feasible and can correct the induced proximity effects and thus make it possible to incorporate CPL technology for low-k1 production lithography.
Live-cell multiphoton fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with an improved large Stokes shift fluorescent protein (2015)

We report an improved variant of mKeima, a monomeric long Stokes shift red fluorescent protein, hmKeima8.5. The increased intracellular brightness and large Stokes shift (∼180 nm) make it an excellent partner with teal fluorescent protein (mTFP1) for multiphoton, multicolor applications. Excitation of this pair by a single multiphoton excitation wavelength (MPE, 850 nm) yields well-separable emission peaks (∼120-nm separation). Using this pair, we measure homo- and hetero-oligomerization interactions in living cells via multiphoton excitation fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (MPE-FCS). Using tandem dimer proteins and small-molecule inducible dimerization domains, we demonstrate robust and quantitative detection of intracellular protein-protein interactions. We also use MPE-FCCS to detect drug-protein interactions in the intracellular environment using a Coumarin 343 (C343)-conjugated drug and hmKeima8.5 as a fluorescence pair. The mTFP1/hmKeima8.5 and C343/hmKeima8.5 combinations, together with our calibration constructs, provide a practical and broadly applicable toolbox for the investigation of molecular interactions in the cytoplasm of living cells.
Mechanism of exercise hypotension in patients with ischemic heart disease. Role of neurocardiogenically mediated vasodilation. (1994)

Abnormal vasodilation associated with a normal or even increased rather than decreased cardiac output response appears to be an important mechanism underlying EIH in some patients with CAD. In the present study, this appears to have been the dominant mechanism in 8 and contributory in 2 of the consecutive patients studied.
Smectic-A–hexatic-Btransition of various compounds in the homologous series ofn-alkyl-4’-n-alkoxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (1985)

Extensive high-resolution heat-capacity measurements have been carried out near the smectic-A--hexatic-B transition of various compounds in the homologous series of n-alkyl-4'-n-alkoxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate. In contrast with the nematic--smectic-A and smectic-A--smectic-C (or chiral-smectic-C) transitions, the critical exponent \ensuremath{\alpha} characterizing the smectic-A--hexatic-B heat-capacity anomaly is found to be large and does not vary monotonically with the size of the disordered-phase (i.e., smectic-A) temperature range.
Respiratory Navigated Free Breathing 3D Spoiled Gradient-Recalled Echo Sequence for Contrast-Enhanced Examination of the Liver: Diagnostic Utility and Comparison With Free Breathing and Breath-Hold Conventional Examinations (2010)

Respiratory Navigated Free Breathing 3D Spoiled Gradient-Recalled Echo Sequence for Contrast-Enhanced Examination of the Liver: Diagnostic Utility and Comparison With Free Breathing and Breath-Hold Conventional ExaminationsPhillip M. Young1 2, Anja C. Brau3, Yuji Iwadate4, Shreyas Vasanawala2, Bruce L. Daniel2, Anobel Tamrazi2 and Robert J. Herfkens2Audio Available | Share
Thermally switchable terahertz wavefront metasurface modulators based on the insulator-to-metal transition of vanadium dioxide (2019)

Active use of phase transition phenomena for reversibly tuning the properties of functional materials in devices currently is an attractive research area of materials science. We designed and fabricated two kinds of metasurface modulators for dynamically controlling the wavefront of terahertz (THz) radiation based on the temperature-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>). The modulators designed are based on the C-shaped slot antenna array. The slot antennas are made of the VO<sub>2</sub> films on c-sapphire substrates. The C-shaped slot antennas are active only when the VO<sub>2</sub> is in its metallic phase, i.e. at temperatures T > T<sub>C</sub> ∼68 °C. At T > T<sub>C</sub>, the first kind acts as a THz multi-focus lens which converges an incident THz plane wave into four focal spots and the second kind as an Airy beam generator. We characterized the function of two THz wavefront modulators over a broad frequency range, i.e. from 0.3 to 1.2 THz. Such thermally switchable THz wavefront metasurface modulators with a capability of dynamically steering THz fields will be of great significance for the future development of THz active devices.
Modeling, Design, and Verification for the Analog Front-end of a MEMS-based Parallel Scanning-probe Storage Device (2006)

The paper presents an integrated analog front-end (AFE) for the read-channel of a parallel scanning-probe storage device. The read/write element is based on an array of microfabricated silicon cantilevers equipped with heating elements to form nanometer-sized indentations in a polymer surface using integral atomic-force microscopy (AFM) tips. A detailed model based on a combination of a thermal/electrical lumped-element model and behavioral model of the electrostatic/mechanical part was developed. The behavioral model of the electrostatic/mechanical part is automatically generated from a full finite-element model (FEM). The model is completely implemented in Verilog-A and was used to co-develop the integrated analog front-end circuitry together with the read/write cantilever. The model and the analog front-end were simulated together and the results were experimentally verified. The approach chosen is well suited for system-level simulation and verification/extraction in a design environment based on standard EDA tools
Elevated plasma level of Pentraxin 3 is associated with emphysema and mortality in smokers (2021)

These data show strong and overlapping associations of lung and blood PTX3 levels, and <i>PTX3</i> regulatory gene variants, with the severity of airflow obstruction, emphysema and mortality among smokers. These findings have potential implications regarding the pathogenesis of smoking-related lung diseases and warrant further exploration for the use of PTX3 as a predictive biomarker.
Fundamental investigations on the sodium-ion transport properties of mixed polyanion solid-state battery electrolytes (2022)

Lithium and sodium (Na) mixed polyanion solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries display some of the highest ionic conductivities reported to date. However, the effect of polyanion mixing on the ion-transport properties is still not fully understood. Here, we focus on Na<sub>1+x</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>x</sub>P<sub>3-x</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) NASICON electrolyte to elucidate the role of polyanion mixing on the Na-ion transport properties. Although NASICON is a widely investigated system, transport properties derived from experiments or theory vary by orders of magnitude. We use more than 2000 distinct ab initio-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to map the compositional space of NASICON over various time ranges, spatial resolutions and temperatures. Via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements on samples with different sodium content, we find that the highest ionic conductivity (i.e., about 0.165 S cm<sup>-1</sup> at 473 K) is experimentally achieved in Na<sub>3.4</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2.4</sub>P<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, in line with simulations (i.e., about 0.170 S cm<sup>-1</sup> at 473 K). The theoretical studies indicate that doped NASICON compounds (especially those with a silicon content x ≥ 2.4) can improve the Na-ion mobility compared to undoped NASICON compositions.
<title>Distributed LIM-based actuator and control for an ultrafast material transfer network</title> (1995)

A concept of distributed actuators and their controls for ultra-fast, material transfer network based upon linear induction motors (LIMs) is presented in this paper. The distributed actuator consists of modularized stationary primaries connected to form a distributed, closed guideway structure with multiple loops through which vehicles (moving secondaries of the LIM) are propelled at a maximum velocity of 120 km/hr and a maximum acceleration of 4 g. The turning radius can be less than 1 m. A transverse flux LIM propulsion unit design provides robust, direct-drive electromagnetic vector controlled propulsion and electromagnetic steering. The controlled moving secondary vehicles are completely passive with no power, sensing, or control intelligence onboard. The need to control multiple passive vehicles simultaneously moving through a multitude of propulsion units mandates a highly distributed control architecture where propulsion units cooperate using a communication network. The need for centralized database and control is eliminated by endowing the communication network with a topology identical to that of the guideway network. The distributed control architecture ensures spontaneity of material delivery by integrating vehicle motion control with intelligence for real-time collision avoidance, a parallel shortest-path routing algorithm, and an autonomous dispatching protocol. Recent experimental results are presented.
Supplementary Table S3 from Detection of Promoter DNA Methylation in Urine and Plasma Aids the Detection of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation of Î"Ct methylation between Plasma and Urine&lt;/p&gt;
Correction of Minor-Form and Microform Cleft Lip Using Modified Muscle Overlapping with a Minimal Skin Incision (2017)

The advantages of the proposed procedure include the creation of an anatomically natural philtrum with minimal scarring. This method also preserves the continuity and function of the muscle and provides sufficient augmentation of the philtral column and nostril sill.
Development of a dielectric-barrier discharge enhanced microplasma jet (2009)

A low-power ultrahigh-frequency-driven inductively coupled microplasma (ICMP) source equipped with dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) was developed to realize a low-temperature and high-density plasma in fine quartz capillaries with inner diameters of less than 1.0 mm. A stable plasma was generated and its sustainability was independent of the gas flow rate. This plasma jet had a longer plume than that of a thermoelectron-enhanced microplasma jet, and time-resolved characterization suggested interactions between ICMP and DBD jets. By optical emission spectroscopy characterization, the gas temperature and electron density inside a capillary were estimated to be 400–1000 K and 1013–1014 cm−3, respectively.
A phase I/II dose-escalation study of fractionated and multiple dose 225Ac-J591 for progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2021)

TPS188 Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a promising treatment. PSMA-targeting via large antibodies vs small molecules has different kinetics, biodistribution, and resulting clinical toxicities. Using beta-TRT, 177Lu-J591 has more heme toxicity and 177Lu-PSMA-617 more non-heme toxicity (xerostomia and nausea) [Niaz AUA 2020]. Alpha-emitters are more potent than beta radionuclides, and alpha-PSMA-TRT has efficacy even after beta-PSMA-TRT. In a first-in-human phase I dose-escalation study of 225Ac-J591, patients with mCRPC were treated with a single dose of 225Ac-J591 on seven dose levels, up to 93.3 KBq/kg [Tagawa ASCO 2020]. No maximal tolerated dose (MTD) was achieved. One patient treated at 80 KBq/kg developed dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of grade 4 anemia and thrombocytopenia, but 0 of 6 at 93.3 KBq/Kg had grade &gt; 3 heme toxicity or grade &gt; 2 non-heme toxicity. Preliminary results indicate 64% had any PSA decline and 41% had &gt; 50% PSA decline (PSA50) across all doses, despite lack of selection for PSMA expression and the majority having been previously treated with 177Lu-PSMA. Methods: Entry criteria include progressive mCRPC by PCWG3 criteria, ECOG PS 0-2, intact organ function (including normal neutrophil and platelet counts), and prior receipt of AR pathway inhibitor and chemotherapy (or refuse/ineligible for chemotherapy). There is no limit to prior lines of therapy except alpha-PSMA-TRT. Phase I includes 2 separate parallel dose-escalation cohorts. In the fractionated-dose cohort, men will receive a single cycle of 225Ac-J591 administered on D1 and D15. In the multiple-dose cohort, 225Ac-J591 will be given every 6 weeks for up to 4 cycles. The phase I component is a 3+3 dose-escalation study design, with the goal of identifying MTD. Each phase II component will treat up to 27 men with PSMA+ PET scans in a Simon 2-stage design with 90% power to exclude the null hypothesis (35% or fewer patients with PSA50). Eligible men with negative PSMA PET scans will be offered treatment with informed consent in an exploratory subgroup, but will not be counted towards phase II efficacy. Secondary outcomes include radiographic response by PCWG modified RECIST 1.1 criteria and PSMA PET, biochemical and radiographic progression-free survival, circulating tumor cell counts, and overall survival. Patient reported outcomes, genomic, and immune analyses are exploratory. Enrollment began in August 2020 (NCT04506567). Clinical trial information: NCT04506567.
Generation and Inheritance of Targeted Mutations in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Using the CRISPR/Cas System (2015)

Genome editing using sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) offers an alternative approach to conventional genetic engineering and an opportunity to extend the benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture. Currently available SSN platforms, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated systems (Cas)) have been used in a range of plant species for targeted mutagenesis via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are just beginning to be explored in crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum L.). In this study, CRISPR/Cas reagents expressing one of two single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the potato ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE1 (StALS1) gene were tested for inducing targeted mutations in callus and stable events of diploid and tetraploid potato using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with either a conventional T-DNA or a modified geminivirus T-DNA. The percentage of primary events with targeted mutations ranged from 3-60% per transformation and from 0-29% above an expected threshold based on the number of ALS alleles. Primary events with targeted mutation frequencies above the expected threshold were used for mutation cloning and inheritance studies using clonal propagation and crosses or selfing. Four of the nine primary events used for mutation cloning had more than one mutation type, and eight primary events contained targeted mutations that were maintained across clonal generations. Somatic mutations were most evident in the diploid background with three of the four primary events having more than two mutation types at a single ALS locus. Conversely, in the tetraploid background, four of the five candidates carried only one mutation type. Single targeted mutations were inherited through the germline of both diploid and tetraploid primary events with transmission percentages ranging from 87-100%. This demonstration of CRISPR/Cas in potato extends the range of plant species modified using CRISPR/Cas and provides a framework for future studies.
Bounded Conditioning: Flexible Inference for Decisions under Scarce\n Resources (2013)

We introduce a graceful approach to probabilistic inference called bounded\nconditioning. Bounded conditioning monotonically refines the bounds on\nposterior probabilities in a belief network with computation, and converges on\nfinal probabilities of interest with the allocation of a complete resource\nfraction. The approach allows a reasoner to exchange arbitrary quantities of\ncomputational resource for incremental gains in inference quality. As such,\nbounded conditioning holds promise as a useful inference technique for\nreasoning under the general conditions of uncertain and varying reasoning\nresources. The algorithm solves a probabilistic bounding problem in complex\nbelief networks by breaking the problem into a set of mutually exclusive,\ntractable subproblems and ordering their solution by the expected effect that\neach subproblem will have on the final answer. We introduce the algorithm,\ndiscuss its characterization, and present its performance on several belief\nnetworks, including a complex model for reasoning about problems in\nintensive-care medicine.\n
On the application of the Wiener-Hopf technique to electrostatic field problems in interdigital transducers (1993)

The Wiener-Hopf technique is used to compute the electrostatic field distribution in an interdigital transducer at the plane interface between two dielectric media sandwiched between two grounded metallic plates, with two grounded semi-infinite neighboring plates at the interface on each side of the transducer. To this end, the associated Green's function, which already satisfies the boundary conditions at all the grounded plates, is computed. The Green's function is used to derive the elements of the charge-potential-interrelation matrix for various basis and testing functions for a method-of-moments application. Examples demonstrate that the method has considerable advantages with respect to accuracy and computer-memory requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of Immunoglobulin G3 Hinge Region Length Polymorphism With Cerebral Malaria in Ghanaian Children (2021)

Cerebral malaria (CM) may cause death or long-term neurological damage in children, and several host genetic risk factors have been reported. Malaria-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 antibodies are crucial to human immune response against malaria. The hinge region of IgG3 exhibits length polymorphism (with long [L], medium [M], and short [S] alleles), which may influence its functionality. We studied IgG3 hinge region length polymorphisms in 136 Ghanaian children with malaria. Using logistic regression models, we found that children with the recessive MM allotype encoding medium IgG3 hinge region length had an increased risk of CM (adjusted odds ratio, 6.67 [95% confidence interval,1.30-34.32]; P=.004) . This has implications for future epidemiological studies on CM.
Three-dimensional two-photon memory materials and systems (1993)

We have been developing a two-photon 3-D memory expected to provide a Tbit storage capacity and a 1 ms access time for secondary storage. Even with this new technology, there still exists a four order of magnitude gap in access times between electronic RAMS and secondary storage. In addition to the existing permanent storage approach, we have begun working on systems, key components, and materials for a dynamic parallel-access 3-D two photon memories that will bridge the gap in primary memory technologies. Over the past three years our team has been developing a write-once mass-storage memory based on two-photon bond dissociation of spirobenzopyran molecules for long lifetime storage. A cache memory must have fast write-erase capability. To achieve this we are beginning to investigate highly sensitive two-photon materials which spontaneous decay (self-erase) to the off state. These materials will be incorporated into dynamic memory systems which continually refresh the memory contents, as in an electronic DRAM. The resulting memory is expected to provide a data capacity of 1 Gbit/cm<SUP>3</SUP> with a 10 ns to 1 microsecond(s) access time and a 10 Tbit/s data rate. In this presentation the latest results of the parallel-access 3-D volume memory using two-photon storage is discussed. We cover material and system considerations for both types of parallel-access memories: fast-access primary storage and large-capacity secondary storage.
Incorporating semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes as efficient charge extractors in organic solar cells (2015)

We report on the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PTB7/PC70BM solar cells by the addition of small quantities (0.02%–0.04%) of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the active-layer. SWNTs and purified semiconducting SWNTs (S-SWNTs) were added in quantities, which is 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously reported value and resulted in a reduction in the series resistance of the solar cell with minor changes on the shunt resistance. On addition of purified S-SWNT, the PCE of air measured devices enhanced by 29% from 4.9% to 6.3%, with short-circuit current density (Jsc) improving from 12.1 mA/cm2 to 14.4 mA/cm2 and a fill factor improvement from 54% to 61%. In addition, the role of processing additive N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which acts as a SWNT dispersant, is also investigated. A single diode model of a solar cell is used to extract the cell parameters and understand the effect of SWNTs. Based on experimental data and it's fitting to the single diode model, we propose that S-SWNT improve the transport and extraction of photogenerated charges within the solar cell device.
The dynamic flexion/extension properties of the lumbar spine in vitro using a novel pendulum system (2007)

The biomechanical properties of the ligamentous cadaver spine have been previously examined using a variety of experimental testing protocols. Ongoing technical challenges in the biomechanical testing of the spine include the application of physiologic compressive loads and the application of dynamic bending moments while allowing unconstrained three-dimensional motion. The purpose of this study was to report the development of a novel pendulum apparatus that addressed these challenges and to determine the effects of various axial compressive loads on the dynamic biomechanical properties of the lumbar functional spinal unit (FSU). Lumbar FSUs were tested in flexion and extension under five axial compressive loads chosen to represent physiologic loading conditions. After an initial rotation, the FSUs behaved as a dynamic, underdamped vibrating elastic system. Bending stiffness and coefficient of damping increased significantly as the compressive pendulum load increased. The apparatus described herein is a relatively simple approach to determining the dynamic bending properties of the FSU, and potentially disc arthroplasty devices. It is capable of applying physiologic compressive loads at dynamic rates without constraining the kinematics of the joints, crucial requirements for testing FSUs in vitro.