gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on the Radiation Shielding for the Design of a Hot Cell Facility (2004)

The hot cell facility for research activities related to the electrolytic reduction of spent fuel, which is designed to permit safe handling of radioactive materials up to 1,385 TBq, is planned to be built. The primary radiological safety design goal for the facility is to keep the radiation exposures to workers as-low-as-reasonably-achievable (ALARA). To meet this goal, the facility is designed to keep gamma and neutron radiation lower than the recommended dose-rate in normally occupied areas.The calculations by QAD-CGGP and MCNP-4C are used to evaluate the proposed engineering design concepts that would provide acceptable dose-rates during the normal operation in hot cell facility. The calculated maximum effective gamma dose-rates by QAD-CGGP on the surfaces of the facility at operation area and at service area are 2.97×10-3 and l.0l×l0-1 mSv/h, respectively. Those calculated by MCNP-4C are 2.99×10-3 and 7.88×10-2 mSv/h, respectively. The dose-rates contributed by neutrons are one order of magnitude less than that of gamma sources. Therefore, it is confirmed that the radiological design for hot cell facility satisfies the Korean criterion of 0.01 mSv/h for the operation area and 0.15 mSv/h for the service (maintenance) area.
Selective Transformation of Primitive Lymphoid Cells by the BCR / ABL Oncogene Expressed in Long-Term Lymphoid or Myeloid Cultures (1988)

The BCR/ABL gene, formed by the Philadelphia chromosome translocation (Ph1) of human chronic myelogenous leukemia, encodes an altered ABL gene product, P210. P210 is strongly implicated in the malignant process of chronic myelogenous leukemia, but it precise role is unknown. Infection of long-term bone marrow cultures enriched for B-lymphoid cell types with a Moloney murine leukemia virus retroviral vector containing the BCR/ABL cDNA resulted in clonal outgrowths of immature B-lymphoid cells which expressed abundant P210 kinase activity. Surprisingly, infection of long-term myeloid lineage-enriched cultures also resulted in clonal outgrowths of immature B-lymphoid cells. The P210-expressing lymphoid cell lines resulting from either type of culture were resistant to the lethal effects of corticosteroids. These findings indicate that high levels of P210 expressed from a Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat preferentially stimulate the growth of immature B-lineage cells, and this effect is apparent even in myeloid lineage-enriched cultures, in which few if any lymphoid cells can be detected prior to infection.
Special Interest Group on Visualization Grammars (2021)

Visualization grammars, often based on the Grammar of Graphics, are popular choices for specifying expressive visualizations and supporting visualization systems. However, there are still open questions about grammar design and evaluation not well-answered in visualization research. In this SIG, we propose to discuss what makes a grammar “good” and explore evaluation methodologies best suited for visualization grammars.
Discharge Disposition and Clinical Outcomes After Spine Surgery (2021)

Subacute rehabilitation disposition and CCI are independent predictors of wound complications after spinal decompression surgery. Patients undergoing spine surgery have similar readmission and revision rates and experience similar clinical improvement across all postacute discharge dispositions.
Temperature dependence of the line-narrowed fluorine-19 NMR spectrum of solid perfluorocyclohexane (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemperature dependence of the line-narrowed fluorine-19 NMR spectrum of solid perfluorocyclohexaneJ. D. Ellett Jr., R. G. Griffin, and J. S. WaughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 2, 345–347Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00809a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00809a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitride light-emitting diodes grown on Si (111) using a TiN template (2006)

Nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are grown on a Si (111) substrate with a TiN template. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction indicate that the epitaxial relation follows Si(1,1,1)‖TiN(1,1,1)‖AlN(0,0,1), Si[1,1,0]‖TiN[1,1,0], and Si[0,0,1]‖TiN[0,0,1]. The reflectance measurement and simulation results indicate that the TiN can be adopted as a reflector to mitigate the substrate absorption problem, thus increasing the extraction efficiency of nitride LEDs grown on Si.
A Short Segment of the HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 Region Is a Major Determinant of Resistance to V1/V2 Neutralizing Antibodies (2012)

Antibody PG9 is a prototypical member of a class of V1/V2-directed antibodies that effectively neutralizes diverse strains of HIV-1. We analyzed strain-specific resistance to PG9 using sequence and structural information. For multiply resistant strains, mutations in a short segment of V1/V2 resulted in gain of sensitivity to PG9 and related V1/V2 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting both a common mechanism of HIV-1 resistance to and a common mode of recognition by this class of antibodies.
A herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript mutant reactivates with normal kinetics from latent infection (1990)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcripts (LATs) accumulate in neuronal nuclei of latently infected ganglia. Explant reactivation kinetics of LAT deletion mutants in the mouse eye model have suggested a role for the LATs in the reactivation process. This report describes the construction and characterization of an HSV-1 strain HFEM mutant, TB1, disrupted within both copies of the LAT gene. TB1 contains a 440-base-pair segment of bacteriophage lambda DNA in place of a 168-base-pair deletion within the transcribed portion of the LAT gene. The 2.0-kilobase LAT was not produced after infection of tissue culture cells with TB1, but a 0.7- to 0.8-kilobase RNA was expressed. TB1 did establish latent infection after corneal inoculation as efficiently as the parental virus, and its reactivation kinetics from explanted ganglia were similar to those of HFEM. During latent infection with TB1, HSV-1 transcripts were not detectable. Rescuant virus (TB1-R) contained intact LAT genes, synthesized full-length LAT transcripts during productive infection in tissue culture, and reactivated from ganglionic explants of latently infected mice with normal kinetics. Thus, any function these transcripts have in the reactivation process appears to include the region between the putative LAT promoter and the disruption in TB1--a region of approximately 1,600 nucleotides, 800 of which encode the LATs.
Metallocene/Borate-Catalyzed Polymerization of Amino-Functionalized α-Olefins (1998)

Cationic metallocene/borate catalysts, generated from zirconocene dimethyl compounds, LnZrMe2, and anilinium borate, [HNMe2Ph]+[B(C6F5)4]-, were used to polymerize 5-amino-1-pentenes and one 4-amino-1-butene with dimethyl, diethyl, diisopropyl, or diphenyl substitution patterns on nitrogen. The monomer 5-(N,N-diisopropylamino)-1-pentene showed the highest activity with Cp*2ZrMe2/borate and was used for all further investigations. The catalytic system Cp*2ZrMe2/borate was 4 times more active than the corresponding methylaluminoxane-based system and 180 times more active than the heterogeneous system, TiCl3/Al(i-Bu)3. 1-Hexene and 5-(N,N-diisopropylamino)-1-pentene were polymerized with Cp*2ZrMe2 and rac-ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium dimethyl, rac-EB(THI)ZrMe2. Polymerization of both monomers with Cp*2ZrMe2 displayed similar activities. Hexene polymerizations with rac-EB(THI)ZrMe2 were 30 times more active than those with aminopentene. 5-(N,N-Diisopropylamino)-1-pentene polymerizations gave rise to isotactic poly(aminopentene) with C2 symmetric catalysts, syndiotactic polymer with a Cs symmetric catalyst, and atactic polymer with achiral catalyst precursors.
A non-well-founded approach to terminological cycles (1992)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to intensional semantics of term subsumption languages. We introduce concept algebras, whose signatures are given by sets of primitive concepts, roles, and the operations of the language. For a given set of variables, standard results give us free algebras. We next define, for a given set of concept definitions, a term algebra, as the quotient of the free algebra by a congruence generated by the definitions. The ordering on this algebra is called descriptive subsumption (⊒Δ). We also construct a universal concept algebra, as a non-well-founded set given by the greatest fixed point of a certain equation. The ordering on this algebra is called structural subsumption (≽Δ). We prove there are unique mappings from the free algebras, to each of these, and establish that our method for classifying cycles in a term subsumption language, KREP, consists of constructing accessible pointed graphs, representing terms in the universal concept algebra, and checking a simulation relation between terms.
The synthesis, structures, and properties of new macrocyclic ligands and novel sexadentate iron complexes produced by electrophilic reactions of the iron derivatives (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis, structures, and properties of new macrocyclic ligands and novel sexadentate iron complexes produced by electrophilic reactions of the iron derivativesDennis P. Riley, John A. Stone, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 7, 1752–1762Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00423a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mislabeling of elutriation medium: a demonstration of the need to improve the quality control of reagents produced for cell processing (1995)

Food and Drug Administration-approved reagents, prepared specifically for use in cell processing and produced according to good manufacturing practices, should be used whenever possible.
Incipient Separation of a Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer at High Reynolds Numbers (1976)

Two-dimensional compression corner and axisymmetric flare geometries were used in this study of shock wave interaction with a compressible turbulent boundary layer. The study was carried out at a Mach number of 2.9 and over a Reynolds number range of 10 5<Re60<107 (Re^up to 10 9). Detailed surface pressure, schlieren, and oil-flow data were obtained for several corner angles. A major finding of this study is that incipient separation is a gradual rather than an abrupt phenomenon. Incipient separation corner angles were found to be within a band of about 16°-18° and essentially independent of Reynolds number over the range studied.
Emerging research in micro and nano systems: opportunities and challenges for societal impact (2010)

In just a few decades, micro and nano technologies have changed the way that we live - how we work and communicate; the food and medicine that we consume; the clothing that we use; and the entertainment that we seek. While these technologies are being actively investigated in several research communities, the potential for continued societal impact is constrained by resources available for system-level research. Given the long time-lines and levels of investment that are typically necessary to develop functional systems, strategic prioritization of research directions from the perspective of societal needs can be helpful. This paper outlines the findings of an NSF-sponsored road-mapping workshop that was held in 2009, with the intention of initiating a conversation about the opportunities and challenges for micro and nano systems. Four areas of need were discussed: environmental sensing; health care; infrastructure monitoring; and energy alternatives. Possible research trajectories were identified by envisioning technological goals for the year 2040, and linking these to horizons for 2015 and 2025. This paper also provides few examples of current research in each of the four application domains. It is noted that a systems perspective can help to keep the research focused, accelerating and amplifying the societal gain with available resources. Practical and affordable solutions at the system level will require partnerships between specialists, and also between academia and industry.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators: tissue selectivity and differential uterine effects (1999)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are compounds that bind to estrogen receptors and produce estrogen-like (agonist) effects in some tissues and estrogen-blocking (antagonist) effects in other tissues. One of the goals of SERM research has been to develop compounds that provide the potential benefits of estrogen in the skeleton and cardiovascular system, but avoid the negative effects of estrogen in other tissues. Estrogen therapy has been consistently associated with endometrial stimulation, including glandular proliferation, hyperplasia and cancer. In contrast, the presence or degree of endometrial stimulation observed with SERMs varies by compound. The purpose of this review is to differentiate the endometrial effects of compounds that display a SERM-like profile. Molecular mechanisms involving SERM binding to estrogen receptors, preclinical uterine effects in both tissue culture and animal models, and endometrial findings in clinical experience are discussed. There are several SERMs commercially available or in development. The favorable safety profile of raloxifene in the uterus differentiates it from the others. Future SERM development will continue to focus on finding compounds that exhibit minimal endometrial stimulation.
First Demonstration of 2.1 kW Output Power at 425 MHz Using 4H-SiC RF Power BJTs (2006)

For the first time, 4H-SiC RF bipolar junction transistors have been used to produce an output power in excess of 2.1 kW at 425 MHz. For an input pulse width of 2 μs and 1% duty cycle, the power gain at peak output power is 6.3 dB with the collector efficiency and power added efficiency [PAE] being 45% and 35%, respectively, at a collector supply voltage of 75 V in a class C configuration. The package consists of 24 cells (2 chips) having an emitter periphery of approximately 1 inch per cell. Each cell produced a DC current gain (β) of 15 and a common emitter breakdown voltage (BVCEO) greater than 250 V. A peak output power of 87 W per cell was obtained at 425 MHz, as compared to the earlier report of 50 W per cell [1, 2] by using a shorter pulse width and duty cycle.
Evolution of PON: 10G-PON and WDM-PON (2010)

This paper covers the current standardized 10G PON systems: XG-PON1 from ITU (G.987) and 10G EPON from IEEE (802.3av) as well as progress towards longer reach and higher capacities. The emerging WDM-PON technology variants and their characteristics are outlined. Finally, the evolution of PON network management is discussed in detail.
InP-based membrane photodetector for optical interconnections on CMOS ICs (2007)

We demonstrate a compact photodetector suitable for photonic interconnections on electronic ICs. In such applications, the InP-based optical sources and detectors are linked\nvia Si photonic waveguides in an interconnection layer on top of the CMOS circuitry.\nThe photonic device processing is compatible with Si wafer scale fabrication steps, which\nguarantees compatibility with future IC manufacturing. In our approach, an InP membrane\nwaveguide is used to couple the light out of the interconnection layer and carry it towards the detector absorption region. A responsivity of 0.45 A/W and an electrical frequency response 3-dB cut-off point at 15 GHz were measured.
Analysis and testing of a thermoelectric heat exchanger configured for cooling a processor module heat load (2013)

The testing and subsequent data analysis of a liquid to liquid thermoelectric heat exchanger configured to provide cooled water to a heat load are discussed in the following paper. In the test apparatus, water flow rates and temperatures are recorded. From previously obtained heat transfer data for each heat exchanger plate, and from previous thermoelectric heat exchanger analysis work by Campbell et al. [1] and Luo [2], a model is developed and fit to the current data. Various scenarios are then developed to explore the performance of the thermoelectric heat exchanger in multiple operating modes.
Multiple Genotypes of Nonpathogenic H6N2 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chickens in California (2003)

From February 2000 through September 2001, a limited number of H6N2 influenza viruses were isolated from chickens in California. This report describes the genetic characterization of nine of these H6N2 viruses. All of the viruses analyzed had phylogenetically similar hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase molecules that suggested the viruses shared a recent common ancestor. The analysis of the HA sequence of these viruses with all available H6 viruses from different hosts and locations showed that these genes do not separate into well-defined North American and Eurasian lineages. The neuraminidase genes of the California viruses contain an 18 amino acid deletion, a possible adaptation to growth in chickens. Analysis of the remaining gene segments of the California viruses revealed that three distinct genotypes of H6N2 viruses were present.
Supplementary Tables S1-S2 from CHK1 Inhibition Synergizes with Gemcitabine Initially by Destabilizing the DNA Replication Apparatus (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S2. Kinase specificity of S1181 (S1); Percentages of S-phase cells (S2).&lt;/p&gt;
Polarization response of asymmetric-spiral infrared antennas (1997)

We present measurements on the polarization response of Ni-NiO-Ni diodes coupled to asymmetric spiral antennas. Our data are for the wavelength dependence of the orientation of the major axis of the polarization ellipse over the wavelength range 10.2-10.7 mum. The data are well fit by a two-wire antenna model. We find that the modes excited on the antenna are a combination of the balanced and unbalanced modes of a two-wire lossy transmission line.
Photoluminescence Analysis of Individual Partial Dislocations in 4H-SiC Epilayers (2020)

Configurations of the basal plane dislocations in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers are classified into two types, having typical combinations of ‘straight Si-core and straight C-core’ and ‘straight Si-core and curved C-core’ partial dislocations. The core species are determined by the photoluminescence images and observation of the moving Si-core partial dislocations by ultra-violet light illumination. Each partial dislocation was analyzed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. As the results, C-core partial dislocations have been found to have different peak wavelengths depending on the excitation power of the illumination. Also from the detailed analysis of individual partial dislocations, the curved C-core partial dislocations have been found to have different characters which may be originated from the mixture of different types of dislocations. It has been suggested that this model is possibly described by continuous connection of 30 o and 90 o dislocations which have different configurations of dangling bonds. The difference in photoluminescence peak wavelength might be explained by the structural difference.
Advanced Modeling and Accurate Characterization of a 16 Gb/s Memory Interface (2009)

As the input/output (I/O) data rate increases to several gigabits per second, determining the performance of high-speed interfaces using conventional simulation and measurement techniques is becoming very challenging. The models of the interconnects have to be broadband and accurate to represent high frequency and second-order effects such as frequency dependence of dielectric losses and surface roughness. The large and small signal behaviors of the transmitter and receiver circuitries have to be correctly represented in link analysis. In addition, the system simulation needs to properly capture the interactions between the circuits and interconnect subsystems to optimize the overall system. However, determining the values of the critical link parameters and their correlations can be complicated. Some of the key parameters are not deterministic and some cannot be observed directly. A combined modeling and measurement approach is indispensable to determine the performance of high-speed links. This paper presents the modeling and characterization techniques employed in the design and verification of a 16 Gb/s bidirectional asymmetrical memory interface. Direct frequency and time-domain methods as well as indirect techniques based on bit-error-rate testing are used to model and determine important link parameters. Complex de-embedding procedures are utilized to extract parameters from externally observed data. On-chip measurements are also used to complement off-chip instrumentation and accurately measure the true performance of the link. The modeling and characterization of prototypes are also discussed and model-to-hardware correlations are presented at component and system levels. Based on both simulation and measurement results, the behavioral model of the complete system is constructed and statistical simulation technique is used to predict the yield and performance at low bit error rate.