gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly[bis‐(p‐toluene sulphonate) of 2,4‐Hexadiyne‐1,6‐diol] Langmuir‐Blodgett Thin Film Formation and Characterization (2005)

Abstract Coherent thin films of bis‐(p‐toluene sulphonate) of 2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐diol (TS) and its polymer, PTS, were prepared by the Langmuir‐Blodgett method. Even though TS has no amphiphilic groups at each end, it has an isotherm curve similar to stearic acid and can be transferred to a flat solid substrate under a certain pressure. Polarized UV‐Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize this kind of LB thin film's anisotropy, surface morphology, and topography. Keywords: bis‐(p‐toluene sulphonate) of 2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐diolpolydiacetyleneLangmuir‐Blodgettpressure‐area isothermsurface topographyoptical anisotropy Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledgement Dr. Christopher Drew, who assisted with PTS LB thin film coating for SEM characterization and provided useful help and discussion. This work was supported in part by Petroleum Research Fund Grant 40263‐AC7.
Quantization in Multispectral Color Image Acquisition (1999)

For applications where colorimetric information is insufficient to characterize an input scene or document, multispectral image capture (i.e. for more than three records) has been suggested. Experimental cameras have been described, as have the results of signal processing to extract useful spectral and colorimetric information. Previous reports have addressed both system accuracy and precision, the latter as influenced by random pixel-to-pixel image noise. Another contributor to system precision is signal quantization. Statistics are computed for various levels of uniform and non-uniform quantization. The resulting errors in the estimated object spectral reflectance factor and subsequent colorimetric transformation are addressed. The comparison of these errors with those due to stochastic noise sources indicates that both are influenced by the image processing employed.
Dendritic cells suppress IgE production in B cells (2006)

Ig class switch recombination (CSR) is triggered by the engagement of CD40 on B cells by CD40 ligand on T cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) are able to directly control the CSR of B cells through B lymphocyte stimulator protein [or B cell activation factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family] and a proliferation-inducing ligand. We examined in this study the regulatory role of DCs in CSR and demonstrate that DCs selectively suppress IgE production from B cells stimulated by CD40 and IL-4 through two different mechanisms: by direct cell-cell interaction or by soluble factors including transforming growth factor-beta and IFN-gamma. In addition, distinct DCs utilize different mechanisms: immature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and primary lung DCs strongly inhibit IgE CSR. On the other hand, LPS-induced mature BMDCs lose the ability to inhibit IgE CSR but still suppress IgE production by decreasing IgE protein expression. These results indicate novel regulatory functions of DCs on IgE production.
Faster Transformer Decoding: N-gram Masked Self-Attention (2020)

Motivated by the fact that most of the information relevant to the prediction of target tokens is drawn from the source sentence $S=s_1, \ldots, s_S$, we propose truncating the target-side window used for computing self-attention by making an $N$-gram assumption. Experiments on WMT EnDe and EnFr data sets show that the $N$-gram masked self-attention model loses very little in BLEU score for $N$ values in the range $4, \ldots, 8$, depending on the task.
Extended depth of focus for coherence-based cellular imaging (2017)

Improving lateral resolution for cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging is difficult due to the rapid divergence of light once it is focused to a small spot. To overcome this obstacle, we introduce a fiber optics system that generates a coaxially focused multimode (CAFM) beam for depth of focus (DOF) extension. We fabricated a CAFM beam OCT probe and show that the DOF is more than fivefold that of a conventional Gaussian beam, enabling cross-sectional imaging of biological tissues with clearly resolved cellular and subcellular structures over more than a 400 μm depth range. The compact and straightforward design and high-resolution extended DOF imaging capabilities of this technique suggests that it will be very useful for endoscopic cross-sectional imaging of human internal organs <i>in vivo</i>.
Isostructural cocrystals of metaxalone with improved dissolution characteristics (2021)

Muscle relaxant and pain reliever metaxalone (MET) is a biopharmaceutical classification systems (BCS) class II drug with poor aqueous solubility and high permeability. The presence of an aromatic skeleton and cyclic carboxamate moiety are the probable reasons for the decreased aqueous solubility, which impacts on its low bioavailability. A high dose (800 mg) of the drug often creates adverse side effects on the central nervous system that needs urgent remedy. Cocrystallization of MET with nicotinamide (NAM), salicylamide (SAM), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) resulted in multicomponent solids that were characterized by PXRD, DSC and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Cocrystals with SAM and NAM form 2D isostructural cocrystals, whereas with HBA the result is a differently packed cocrystal hydrate (or anisole hemisolvate) depending upon the crystallization medium. Similar to the reported MET cocrystals, these cocrystals also confirm the preference for an imide⋯imide homosynthon in the drug. The dominance of the drug-drug homodimer over drug-coformer heterodimers was demonstrated based on binding energy calculations. Further, powder dissolution experiments in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer indicate that the cocrystals improved the apparent solubility compared to the native drug by 3-9 fold. The absence of stronger heterosynthons between MET and the coformers, their lower melting points and the high solubility of the coformers are the probable reasons for the enhanced solubility of the bioactive component. The MET-NAM cocrystal exhibited the highest solubility/dissolution rate among the three binary solid forms, which may offer improved bioavailability and a lower dose with minimal side effects.
Designing Practical Filters For Sound Field Reconstruction (2009)

Multichannel sound field reproduction techniques, such as Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) and Sound Field Reconstruction (SFR), define loudspeaker filters in the frequency domain. However, in order to use these techniques in practical systems, one needs to convert these frequency-domain characteristics to practical and efficient time-domain digital filters. Additional limitation of SFR comes from the fact that it uses a numerical matrix pseudoinversion procedure, where the obtained filters are sensitive to numerical errors when the system matrix has a high condition number. This paper describes physically-motivated modifications of the SFR approach that allow for mitigating conditioning problems and frequency-domain loudspeaker filter smoothing that allows for designing short time-domain filters while maintaining high sound field reproduction accuracy. It also provides comparisons of sound field reproduction accuracy of WFS and SFR using the obtained discrete-time filters.
Effect of thermal strain on the ferroelectric phase transition in polycrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films studied by Raman spectroscopy (2004)

We have applied Raman spectroscopy to study the influence of thermal strain on the vibrational properties of polycrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films. The films were grown by rf magnetron sputtering on Pt∕SiO2 surface using different host substrates: strontium titanate, sapphire, silicon, and vycor glass. These substrates provide a systematic change in the thermal strain while maintaining the same film microstructure. From the temperature dependence of the ferroelectric A1 soft phonon intensity, the ferroelectric phase transition temperature, TC, was determined. We found that TC decreases with increasing tensile stress in the films. This dependence is different from the theoretical predictions for epitaxial ferroelectric films. The reduction of the ferroelectric transition temperature with increasing biaxial tensile strain is attributed to the suppression of in-plane polarization due to the small lateral grain size in the films.
Impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life, daily activities, and healthcare resource utilization in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (2014)

Incontinent NDO patients experience significantly lower HRQoL and activity impairment as compared to continent NDO patients.
MEMS Reliability - Materials Reliability TCG XIV. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Towards Semantic-Aware Transport Layer Protocols: A Control Performance Perspective (2023)

Networked control systems (NCSs) are an example of task-oriented communication systems, where the purpose of communication is real-time control of processes over a network. In the context of NCSs, with the processes sending their state measurements to the remote controllers, the deterioration of control performance due to the network congestion can be partly mitigated by shaping the traffic injected into the network at the transport layer (TL). In this work, we conduct an extensive performance evaluation of selected TL protocols and show that existing approaches from communication and control theories fail to deliver sufficient control performance in realistic network scenarios. Moreover, we propose a new semantic-aware TL policy, which uses the process state information to filter the most relevant updates and the network state information to prevent delays due to network congestion. The proposed mechanism is shown to outperform all the considered TL protocols with respect to control performance.
Essential roles of DC-derived IL-15 as a mediator of inflammatory responses in vivo (2006)

Interleukin (IL)-15 is expressed in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the contribution of dendritic cell (DC)-derived IL-15 to the development of diseases is uncertain. Using established models of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)- and zymosan-induced liver inflammation, we observed granuloma formation in the livers of wild-type (WT) and RAG-2(-/-) mice but not in those of IL-15(-/-) mice. We demonstrate that this is likely caused by an impaired sequential induction of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and chemokines necessary for monocyte migration. Likewise, lethal endotoxin shock was not induced in P. acnes- and zymosan-primed IL-15(-/-) mice or in WT mice treated with a new IL-15-neutralizing antibody. In both systems, proinflammatory cytokine production was impaired. Surprisingly, neither granuloma formation, lethal endotoxin shock, nor IL-15 production was induced in mice deficient for DCs, and adoptive transfer of WT but not IL-15(-/-) DCs restored the disease development in IL-15(-/-) mice. Collectively, these data indicate the importance of DC-derived IL-15 as a mediator of inflammatory responses in vivo.
Anatomical and functional characterization of a duodeno-pancreatic neural reflex that can induce acute pancreatitis (2013)

Neural cross talk between visceral organs may play a role in mediating inflammation and pain remote from the site of the insult. We hypothesized such a cross talk exists between the duodenum and pancreas, and further it induces pancreatitis in response to intraduodenal toxins. A dichotomous spinal innervation serving both the duodenum and pancreas was examined, and splanchnic nerve responses to mechanical stimulation of these organs were detected. This pathway was then excited on the duodenal side by exposure to ethanol followed by luminal mustard oil to activate transient receptor potential subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1). Ninety minutes later, pancreatic inflammation was examined. Ablation of duodenal afferents by resiniferatoxin (RTX) or blocking TRPA1 by Chembridge (CHEM)-5861528 was used to further investigate the duodeno-pancreatic neural reflex via TRPA1. ~40% of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from the spinal cord originated from both duodenum and pancreas via dichotomous peripheral branches; ~50% splanchnic nerve single units responded to mechanical stimulation of both organs. Ethanol sensitized TRPA1 currents in cultured DRG neurons. Pancreatic edema and myeloperoxidase activity significantly increased after intraduodenal ethanol followed by mustard oil (but not capsaicin) but significantly decreased after ablation of duodenal afferents by using RTX or blocking TRPA1 by CHEM-5861528. We found the existence of a neural cross talk between the duodenum and pancreas that can promote acute pancreatitis in response to intraduodenal chemicals. It also proves a previously unexamined mechanism by which alcohol can induce pancreatitis, which is novel both in terms of the site (duodenum), process (neurogenic), and receptor (TRPA1).
64Cu-Labeled LyP-1-Dendrimer for PET-CT Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque (2014)

The ability to detect and quantify macrophage accumulation can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information for atherosclerotic plaque. We have previously shown that LyP-1, a cyclic 9-amino acid peptide, binds to p32 proteins on activated macrophages, facilitating the visualization of atherosclerotic plaque with PET. Yet, the in vivo plaque accumulation of monomeric [(18)F]FBA-LyP-1 was low (0.31 ± 0.05%ID/g). To increase the avidity of LyP-1 constructs to p32, we synthesized a dendritic form of LyP-1 on solid phase using lysine as the core structural element. Imaging probes (FAM or 6-BAT) were conjugated to a lysine or cysteine on the dendrimer for optical and PET studies. The N-terminus of the dendrimer was further modified with an aminooxy group in order to conjugate LyP-1 and ARAL peptides bearing a ketone. Oxime ligation of peptides to both dendrimers resulted in (LyP-1)4- and (ARAL)4-dendrimers with optical (FAM) and PET probes (6-BAT). For PET-CT studies, (LyP-1)4- and (ARAL)4-dendrimer-6-BAT were labeled with (64)Cu (t1/2 = 12.7 h) and intravenously injected into the atherosclerotic (ApoE(-/-)) mice. After two hours of circulation, PET-CT coregistered images demonstrated greater uptake of the (LyP-1)4-dendrimer-(64)Cu than the (ARAL)4-dendrimer-(64)Cu in the aortic root and descending aorta. Ex vivo images and the biodistribution acquired at three hours after injection also demonstrated a significantly higher uptake of the (LyP-1)4-dendrimer-(64)Cu (1.1 ± 0.26%ID/g) than the (ARAL)4-dendrimer-(64)Cu (0.22 ± 0.05%ID/g) in the aorta. Similarly, subcutaneous injection of the LyP-1-dendrimeric carriers resulted in preferential accumulation in plaque-containing regions over 24 h. In the same model system, ex vivo fluorescence images within aortic plaque depict an increased accumulation and penetration of the (LyP-1)4-dendrimer-FAM as compared to the (ARAL)4-dendrimer-FAM. Taken together, the results suggest that the (LyP-1)4-dendrimer can be applied for in vivo PET imaging of plaque and that LyP-1 could be further exploited for the delivery of therapeutics with multivalent carriers or nanoparticles.
Freie und immobilisierte (R)-Oxynitrilase: Charakterisierung und Herstellung von chiralen Cyanhydrinen (2004)

In den letzten Jahren wurde eine Reihe von Verfahren zur Herstellung optisch aktiver Cyanhydrine entwickelt, da über diese andere wichtige Klassen optisch aktiver Verbindungen leicht zu erhalten sind, von denen eine große Zahl pharmazeutisch und biologisch aktiv ist. In dieser Arbeit erfolgte die Herstellung von (R)-Cyanhydrinen durch enzymatische Umsetzung von Benzaldehyd mit Kaliumcyanid in einem wässrigen System (pH = 3,75, T = 20°C). Die Enantiomerenausbeuten der (R)-Cyanhydrine sind größer 99,5°%. Dem Einsatz isolierter (R)-Oxynitrilase in technischen Verfahren stehen im Allgemeinen ihr hoher Preis, ihre geringe Langzeitstabilität sowie die Schwierigkeiten bei Aufarbeitung und Wiederverwendung im Wege. Ziel dieser Arbeit war eine Immobilisierungsmethode für das Enzym zu entwickelt, welches diese Nachteile behebt. Die Immobilisierung der (R)-Oxynitrilase erfolgte in zwei Schritten. Im ersten Schritt wurde das Enzyms mit Glutardialdehyd und Chitosan coquervernetzt. Das molekulargewichtsvergrößerte Enzym zeigte eine Restaktivität von größer 70 %. Im zweiten Schritt wurde das coquervernetzte Enzym in Polyvinylalkoholgel eingeschlossen und anschließend zu LentiKats® verarbeitet. Die LentiKats® sind unter Stickstoffatmosphäre langzeitstabil. Ab einer Enzymbeladung von ca. 40 U/g(Linsen) tritt eine Diffusionslimitierung auf. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass eine Immobilisierungsmethode für die (R)-Oxynitrilase entwickelt wurde, die optimale Eigenschaften für die enzymatische Cyanhydrinsynthese aufweist.
Effects of Femtosecond Laser Surface Processed Nanoparticle Layers on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Performance (2017)

An experimental investigation of the effects of layers of nanoparticles formed during femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP) on pool boiling heat transfer performance has been conducted. Five different stainless steel 304 samples with slightly different surface features were fabricated through FLSP, and pool boiling heat transfer experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of each surface. The experiments showed that the layer(s) of nanoparticles developed during the FLSP processes, which overlay FLSP self-organized microstructures, can either improve or degrade boiling heat transfer coefficients (HTC) depending on the overall thickness of the layer(s). This nanoparticle layer thickness is an indirect result of the type of microstructure created. The HTCs were found to decrease with increasing nanoparticle layer thickness. This trend has been attributed to added thermal resistance. Using a focused ion beam milling process and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticle layers were characterized and used to explain the observed heat transfer results. Results suggest that there is an optimal nanoparticle layer thickness and material composition such that both the HTCs and critical heat flux (CHF) are enhanced.
Software defined networking to support the software defined environment (2014)

Software defined networking (SDN) represents a new approach in which the decision-making process of the network is moved from distributed network devices to a logically centralized controller, implemented as software running on commodity servers. This enables more automation and optimization of the network and, when combined with software defined compute and software defined storage, forms one of the three pillars of IBM's software defined environment (SDE). This paper provides an overview of SDN, focusing on several technologies gaining attention and the benefits they provide for cloud-computing providers and end-users. These technologies include (i) logically centralized SDN controllers to manage virtual and physical networks, (ii) new abstractions for virtual networks and network virtualization, and (iii) new routing algorithms that eliminate limitations of traditional Ethernet routing and allow newer network topologies. Additionally, we present IBM's vision for SDN, describing how these technologies work together to virtualize the underlying physical network infrastructure and automate resource provisioning. The vision includes automated provisioning of multi-tier applications, application performance monitoring, and the enabling of dynamic adaptation of network resources to application workloads. Finally, we explore the implications of SDN on network topologies, quality of service, and middleboxes (e.g., network appliances).
Promotion by sulfur of gold catalysts for crotyl alcohol formation from crotonaldehyde hydrogenation (1999)

Thiophene doping of supported gold catalysts increases the rate of formation of the unsaturated alcohol for the hydrogenation of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, crotonaldehyde, providing the first example of the promotion of gold by sulfur.
Pectate Lyase Pollen Allergens: Sensitization Profiles and Cross-Reactivity Pattern (2015)

We could cluster pectate lyase allergens in four categories, Amb a 1, Art v 6, Cup a 1/Jun a 1, and Cry j 1, respectively, at which each category has the potential to sensitize predisposed individuals. The sensitization pattern of different cohorts correlated with pollen exposure, which should be considered for future allergy diagnosis and therapy.
TeleHuman2 (2018)

For telepresence to support the richness of multiparty conversations, it is important to convey motion parallax and stereoscopy without head-worn apparatus. TeleHuman2 is a "hologrammatic" telepresence system that conveys full-body 3D video of interlocutors using a human-sized cylindrical light field display. For rendering, the system uses an array of projectors mounted above the heads of participants in a ring around a retroreflective cylinder. Unique angular renditions are calculated from streaming depth video captured at the remote location. Projected images are retro-reflected into the eyes of local participants, at 1.3º intervals providing angular renditions simultaneously for left and right eyes of all onlookers, which conveys motion parallax and stereoscopy without head-worn apparatus or head tracking. Our technical evaluation of the angular accuracy of the system demonstrates that the error in judging the angle of a remote arrow object represented in TeleHuman2 is within 1 degree, and not significantly different from similar judgments of a collocated arrow object.
Allylated PVC (2000)

Active chlorines in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were quantitatively replaced by pendant allyl groups (CH2CHCH2) with allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of Friedel–Crafts acids (e.g., Et2AlCl and TiCl4). The thermal stability of the allylated PVCs was significantly superior to that of the starting material. Our allylation method is essentially quantitative; indeed, it was used for the determination of the active chlorine content in the PVCs. Furthermore, the pendant allyl groups were quantitatively oxidized by m-chloroperbenzoic acid to epoxides; thus, PVCs carrying propylene oxide substituents [CH2CHCH2(O)] were prepared. The structures of the products were characterized by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, and their thermal characteristics were characterized by TGA and color formation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 307–312, 2001
PrefRank: Quantification and Aggregation of Subjective User Preferences (2016)

User-contributed content on the Internet has been growing at an extraordinary pace. Ranking vast amounts of such content, such as digital photographs, is handled well through user-driven ranking. It helps speeding up the ranking process while reflecting the opinions of the community. However, user-driven ranking can be often subjective and difficult to compare. We solve this using a well-known mathematical technique called the analytic hierarchy process. Due to the massive size of the user-contributed content, it is often not possible for all users to rank all items. Thus, finding a global ranking is a problem of rank aggregation of partially ranked lists. In this position paper, we propose a solution - PrefRank - based on eigenvector centrality that helps aggregating partially ranked lists. Our proposed approach can be used in other application scenarios involving qualitative judgement and ranking, such as reviewing academic papers for a conference.
Cerebral atrophy as outcome measure in short-term phase 2 clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (2010)

Within a 6-month period, significant atrophy can be detected and on-study associations of PBVC and PBHs emphasizes axonal loss to be a driving mechanism. Application as primary outcome measure in short-term clinical trials with feasible sample size requires a potent drug to obtain sufficient power.