gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CreER Mouse to Study Melanin Concentrating Hormone Signaling in the Developing Brain (2018)

The neuropeptide, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), and its G protein-coupled receptor, melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (Mchr1), are expressed centrally in adult rodents. MCH signaling has been implicated in diverse behaviors such as feeding, sleep, anxiety, as well as addiction and reward. While a model utilizing the Mchr1 promoter to drive constitutive expression of Cre recombinase (Mchr1-Cre) exists, there is a need for an inducible Mchr1-Cre to determine the roles for this signaling pathway in neural development and adult neuronal function. Here, we generated a BAC transgenic mouse where the Mchr1 promotor drives expression of tamoxifen inducible CreER recombinase. Many aspects of the Mchr1-Cre expression pattern are recapitulated by the Mchr1-CreER model, though there are also notable differences. Most strikingly, compared to the constitutive model, the new Mchr1-CreER model shows strong expression in adult animals in hypothalamic brain regions involved in feeding behavior but diminished expression in regions involved in reward, such as the nucleus accumbens. The inducible Mchr1-CreER allele will help reveal the potential for Mchr1 signaling to impact neural development and subsequent behavioral phenotypes, as well as contribute to the understanding of the MCH signaling pathway in terminally differentiated adult neurons and the diverse behaviors that it influences.
Mitigation of cognitive decline and brain pathology after transaortic constriction by Mas agonists (2021)

Abstract Background Mas and A(1‐7), the endogenous ligand of Mas, were first characterized for their ability to counter regulate the pathological actions of A‐II and AT 1 R. A(1‐7) has been shown to decrease inflammation and OS and increase cerebral blood flow reactivity. Plasma A(1‐7) levels were decreased in AD patients as compared to age and gender matched controls. Intra‐cerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of A(1‐7) improved cognitive and cerebrovascular function in mice receiving ICV infusion of A‐II. In SAMP8 and in P301S mice, low brain levels of A(1‐7) were correlated with increased tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the short half‐life and lack of oral bioavailability of A(1‐7) make it challenging to develop as a therapeutic modality. In order to overcome this shortcoming, our lab has developed equipotent small molecule analogs of A(1‐7), RASRx1902 and RASRx1911. Method C57/Bl6 mice underwent transaortic constriction (TAC). One week later, echocardiography was performed and the animals randomized based on their TAC gradient and treatment (vehicle or 2 mg/kg RASx1902 or RASRx 1911 subcutaneously, once daily for 12 weeks. After 10 weeks of treatment, the mice underwent novel object recognition. At necropsy, brain tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry and levels of inflammatory cytokines by MSD. Result TAC surgery alone resulted in reduced cognitive function measured by NOR. This cognitive decline was reversed by RASRx1902 and RASRx1911 treatment. Treatment with RASRx1902 and RASRx1911 also reduced the levels of microglial and neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation seen in saline treated mice to levels comparable to sham controls. Conclusion In conclusion, RASRx1902 and RASRx1911 resulted in improved cognition and reduced OS and inflammation in the brain of mice that had undergone TAC surgery.
Design of Chitosan-Coated, Quercetin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced PSMA-Specific Activity on LnCap Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

Nanoparticles are designed to entrap drugs at a high concentration, escape clearance by the immune system, be selectively taken up by cancer cells, and release bioactives in a rate-modulated manner. In this study, quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared and optimized to determine whether coating with chitosan would increase the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles and if the targeting ability of folic acid as a ligand can provide selective toxicity and enhanced uptake in model LnCap prostate cancer cells, which express high levels of the receptor prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), compared to PC-3 cells, that have relatively low PSMA expression. A design of experiments approach was used to optimize the PLGA nanoparticles to have the maximum quercetin loading, optimal cationic charge, and folic acid coating. We examined the in vitro release of quercetin and comparative cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the optimized PLGA nanoparticles and revealed that the targeted nano-system provided sustained, pH-dependent quercetin release, and higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake, compared to the non-targeted nano-system on LnCap cells. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity or cellular uptake between the targeted and non-targeted nano-systems on PC-3 cells (featured by low levels of PSMA), pointing to a PSMA-specific mechanism of action of the targeted nano-system. The findings suggest that the nano-system can be used as an efficient nanocarrier for the targeted delivery and release of quercetin (and other similar chemotherapeutics) against prostate cancer cells.
High-frequency magnetic properties in metal–nonmetal granular films (invited) (1996)

The structure and properties of Co–N and Co–O based films, prepared by rf magnetron reactive sputtering using nitrogen or oxygen and argon gases, have been studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation reveals that each Co–(Al or Si)–(N or O) film is a typical film with granular structure, with grain size less than 5 nm. It is found by micro-focused energy-dispersive x-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis that the grains are mainly composed of Co and the intergranular regions are ceramics of N or O. In Co–N based films, soft magnetic properties are found in both Si and Al containing films over a wide range of film preparation conditions and compositions. Only the films with Al show soft magnetic properties in Co–O based films, which have ρ of 500–1000 μΩ cm, Hk of about 80 Oe and Bs of about 10 kG. By adding about 10 at. % Pd, the soft magnetic properties and Hk of Co–O based films are significantly improved, with Hk more than 180 Oe. These films exhibit a remarkable constant frequency response of the permeability up to around 500 MHz, which is approximately explained by the Landau–Lifshitz formula.
Transcriptional Regulation of the yghJ-pppA-yghG- gspCDEFGHIJKLM Cluster, Encoding the Type II Secretion Pathway in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (2006)

The gene cluster gspCDEFGHIJKLM codes for various structural components of the type II secretion pathway which is responsible for the secretion of heat-labile enterotoxin by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In this work, we used a variety of molecular approaches to elucidate the transcriptional organization of the ETEC type II secretion system and to unravel the mechanisms by which the expression of these genes is controlled. We showed that the gspCDEFGHIJKLM cluster and three other upstream genes, yghJ, pppA, and yghG, are cotranscribed and that a promoter located in the upstream region of yghJ plays a major role in the expression of this 14-gene transcriptional unit. Transcription of the yghJ promoter was repressed 168-fold upon a temperature downshift from 37 degrees C to 22 degrees C. This temperature-induced repression was mediated by the global regulatory proteins H-NS and StpA. Deletion mutagenesis showed that the promoter region encompassing positions -321 to +301 relative to the start site of transcription of yghJ was required for full repression. The yghJ promoter region is predicted to be highly curved and bound H-NS or StpA directly. The binding of H-NS or StpA blocked transcription initiation by inhibiting promoter open complex formation. Unraveling the mechanisms of regulation of type II secretion by ETEC enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of ETEC and other pathogenic varieties of E. coli.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients is Associated With C/EBPβ-Thr266 Phosphorylation and Hepatocyte Proliferation (2016)

AIM: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients induces hepatocyte proliferation and also hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms and the liver acinar distribution of the HCV infection remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the liver acinar localization of the infectious HCV and whether HCV infection is associated with the expression of proteins known to modulate hepatocyte proliferation. METHODS: We analyzed normal (n = 6), HCV genotype 1-infected non cirrhotic (n = 6) and HCV genotype 1-infected cirrhotic liver samples (n = 6). We performed immunofluorescent studies using antibodies against HCV Core, Glutamine synthetase (as a marker of hepatic acinar zone-3 in normal livers); phosphorylated C/EBPβ-Thr266 (since it is required for Transforming Growth Factorα-and Hepatic Growth Factor - induced hepatocyte proliferation) and ki-67 (as an indicator of hepatocyte proliferation). Also, we analyzed by QRT-PCR a proliferation microarray to compare the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation in HCV-infected patients. RESULTS: In patients with HCV infection, the HCV Core protein was preferentiallyco-localized with hepatocytes expressing Glutamine synthetase, phosphorylated C/EBPβ-Thr266, HIF-1α and β-Catenin. As expected, phosphorylated C/EBPβ-Thr266 was associated with hepatocyte proliferation in these patients. HCV infection markedly increased hepatocyte proliferation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that HCV infection is preferentially localized to an expanded acinar zone expressing GS, where enhanced hepatocyte proliferation occurs in association with phosphorylated C/EBPβ-Thr266. A better understanding of the mechanisms of HCV infection may facilitate additional studies and potential therapeutic interventions.
Introduction (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to the Second Edition Introduction to the First Edition
Lévy statistics and anomalous transport in quantum-dot arrays (2005)

A model of transport is proposed to explain power-law current transients and memory phenomena observed in partially ordered arrays of semiconducting nanocrystals. The model describes electron transport by a stationary L\'evy process of transmission events and thereby requires no time dependence of system properties. The waiting time distribution with a characteristic long tail gives rise to a nonstationary response in the presence of a voltage pulse. We report on noise measurements that agree well with the predicted non-Poissonian fluctuations in current, and discuss possible mechanisms leading to this behavior.
Tetrahydrofuran ring opening and related reactions with an N-heterocyclic carbene–boryl trifluoromethanesulfonate (2012)

Reaction of the triflate group in dipp-Imd-BH(2)OTf with nucleophiles generally occurs by direct substitution to give products dipp-Imd-BH(2)Nu. In contrast, reaction of this boryl triflate with aryloxides (ArO(-)) in THF resulted in insertion of THF with ring opening in between the NHC-boryl electrophile and the aryloxide to give products dipp-Imd-BH(2)O(CH(2))(4)OAr. The incorporation of THF was observed with other nucleophiles such as ethylthiolate and trimethylsilanolate whose conjugate acids have pK(a) values similar to that of phenol. The cleavage of ethyl acetate and oxetane is reported as well. A possible mechanism is proposed.
54‐3: Invited Paper : Flexible Active‐Matrix OLET Display on a Plastic Substrate (2016)

The organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) with a novel tri‐layer organic semiconducting heterostructure architecture and good performance, including record high EQE, is presented. In addition, an active‐matrix display based on OLETs, without driving TFTs, will be demonstrated on a plastic substrate. The potential advantages of such technologies will be discussed.
Miniribozymes, Small Derivatives of the sunY Intron, Are Catalytically Active (1989)

The self-splicing sunY intron from bacteriophage T4 has the smallest conserved core secondary structure of any of the active group I introns. Here we show that several nonconserved regions can be deleted from this intron without complete loss of catalytic activity. The 3' stems P9, P9.1, and P9.2 can be deleted while retaining 5' cleaving activity. Two base-paired stems (P7.1 and P7.2) that are peculiar to the group IA introns can also be deleted; however, the activities of the resulting derivatives depend greatly on the choice of replacement sequences and their lengths. The smallest active derivative is less than 180 nucleotides long. These experiments help to define the minimum structural requirements for catalysis.
Vinyl Polymerization by Carbon Black. II. Modification of Carbon Black and Its Use in the Polymerization of N-Vinylcarbazole (1983)

Abstract Modification of carbon black N220, ISAF-HM, by aprotonic and protonic acids uniquely improves its catalytic activity in relation to the polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole. The polymerization is first order in monomer and directly proportional to the weight of the catalyst. However, the molecular weights of the polymer do not depend significantly on the nature of the modification. Heat treatment of the catalysts at 500°C reduces the yield of polymer drastically. The activation energy of the polymerization by unmodified carbon black is 83 kJ/mol as compared to 71 kJ/mol for the modified catalyst. Modification by dialkylzinc (0.1 to 0.4 M) produces stereoregularity as indicated by the MEK insolubility of the polymer.
The Influence Of Grain Threshold On Quantum Mottle In Radiographic Screen-Film Systems II (1988)

In part I of this work we described an exact analytical solution for the zero-frequency Wiener spectrum of radiographic screen-film noise, modeling the nonlinear grain response as a 2-quantum threshold. We now extend our results to a full Wiener spectrum description of the image noise. Furthermore, to simulate a wide range of grain quantum sensitivities, we modify our film model to allow for each absorbed light quanta to randomly contribute to the final development of the grain. We find an analytical expression for the circularly symmetric covariance function associated with the random variable denoting the transmittance of each grain. The Wiener spectrum is obtained as the Hankel transform of this covariance function. In this way we calculate the Wiener spectrum for a full range of imaging variables (screen amplification, point spread function, exposure, etc.).
Frequency Adaptive Digital Filter Implementation of Proportional-Resonant Controller for Inverter Applications (2018)

The Proportional-Resonant control is used in control schemes that directly act on AC variables avoiding synchronous frame transformation. In this paper, the PR controller is realized using an IIR digital filter and implemented using direct form II transposed structure. It has a simpler discrete time implementation, however, the disadvantage of being difficult to make them frequency adaptive, i.e. change the filter's resonant frequency. Simple closed loop expressions are derived for the coefficients in terms of resonant frequency, sampling time and damping factor. Based on this, a frequency adaptive proportional-resonant controller is proposed. It is shown that by modifying a single coefficient in the IIR realization, the controller adapts its resonant frequency to grid frequency fluctuation resulting in a simple and efficient frequency-adaptive proportional-resonant controller.
Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics (2020)

The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, is reduced in the respiratory tract in children. Second, coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection, due to cross-reactive humoral immunity and T cell immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. Third, T helper 2 immune responses are protective in children. Fourth, surprisingly, eosinophilia, associated with T helper 2, may be protective. Fifth, children generally produce lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the influence of the downturn in the global economy, the impact of living in quarters among families who are the most at risk, and factors including the openings of some schools, are considered. Those most disadvantaged socioeconomically may suffer disproportionately with COVID-19.
Epithelial Stem Cells of the Prostate and Their Role in Cancer Progression (2008)

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in adult men. It can regress dramatically upon antihormonal therapy, but it often recurs in a more aggressive, androgen-independent form. Defining the prostate tissue stem cells (PrSCs) and their involvement in cancer initiation and maintenance may lead to better therapeutics. Using a tissue-regeneration model in which dissociated prostate epithelial cells mixed with inductive mesenchyme give rise to prostatic tubules, we have identified a small population of prostate cells that contains multiple stem cell characteristics. In this system, prostate cancer can be initiated by autocrine or paracrine growth factor signaling and intracellular overexpression of genes often found mutated in human prostate cancer. Using an in vitro prostate sphere assay, we further defined the PrSC population and demonstrated their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities. Microarray analyses of the stem- and non-stem-cell populations have assisted us in finding and evaluating additional markers that can better define the PrSC population and further delineate the different cell types of the prostate, including those that serve as the target cell for tumor initiation.
One-dimensional nanowires of pseudoboehmite (aluminum oxyhydroxide γ-AlOOH) (2016)

We report the discovery of a 1D crystalline structure of aluminum oxyhydroxide. It was found in a commercial product of fibrous pseudoboehmite (PB), γ-AlOOH, synthesized easily with low cost. The thinnest fiber found was a ribbon-like structure of only two layers of an Al-O octahedral double sheet having a submicrometer length along its c axis and 0.68-nm thickness along its b axis. This thickness is only slightly larger than half of the lattice parameter of the b-axis unit cell of the boehmite crystal (b/2 = 0.61 nm). Moreover, interlayer splittings having an average width of 1 nm inside the fibrous PB are found. These wider interlayer spaces may have intercalation of water, which is suggested by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The fibers appear to grow as almost isolated individual filaments in aqueous Al-hydroxide sols and the growth direction of fibrous PB is always along its c axis.
Supplementary Table 4 from <i>HOXB13</i> G84E Mutation in Finland: Population-Based Analysis of Prostate, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer Risk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 39K, The first column indicates the predicted class for the amino acid denoted by the letters B (buried) and E (exposed). Second Column shows the amino acid while in third column the amino acid position is indicated. Fourth column shows the predicted value of relative solvent accessibility (RSA). Fifth column shows the z-fit score of for the RSA prediction which represents the reliability of the RSA prediction.&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone during first administration to humans* (1995)

The novel COMT inhibitor tolcapone was well tolerated at oral doses of 5 to 800 mg. Tolcapone concentration-dependently inhibited COMT activity in erythrocytes and exhibited dose-proportional kinetics. Further investigations into its applicability in the treatment of Parkinson's disease are warranted.
Morphological and Structural Transitions in GaN Films Grown on Sapphire by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

The structural and morphological evolution of GaN films grown by MOCVD at high temperature (1080°C) on a low temperature grown GaN nucleation layer (NL) on (0001) sapphire were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The high temperature (HT) GaN layers were found to grow by initially forming isolated truncated hexagonal islands having {10*BAR*1*BAR*1} facet planes and a top (0001) plane. The non-wetting or partial wetting behavior of the HT GaN on the GaN NL is attributed to both the roughness and predominantly cubic nature of the NL.
(De-)clustering objects for multiprocessor system software (2002)

Designing system software for large scale shared memory multiprocessors is challenging because of the level of performance demanded by the application workload and the distributed nature of the system. Adopting an object oriented approach for our system, we have developed a framework for de clustering objects, where each object may migrate, replicate, and distribute all or part of its data across the system memory using the policies that will best meet the locality requirements for that data. The mechanism for object invocation hides the internal structure of an object, allowing a request to be made directly to the most suitable part of the object on a per processor basis without any knowledge of how the object is de clustered. Method invocation is very efficient, both within and across address spaces, involving no remote memory accesses in the common case. We describe the design and implementation of this framework in Tornado, our multiprocessor operating system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Spin-Aligned Triradical (2006)

Compound 1, a triphenylene analogue of a triarylaminium radical, was synthesized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EPR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The authors concluded that the precursor tris(triaryl­amine) is oxidized to 1 at an applied potential of 0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and that the three unpaired electron spins of 1 align in a ferromagnetic fashion at room temperature such that S = 3/2 for each molecule of 1. The radical was also found to be relatively stable, with a half-life of 1.2 months in (presumably) an acidic CH2Cl2 solution.
Interleukin-1β-Deficient Mice (1998)

There are three members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene family: IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1α and IL-1β are agonists and IL-1Ra is a specific receptor antagonist. IL-1α and IL-1β are synthesized as precursor molecules, without leader sequences. The molecular weight of each precursor is 31 kDa. Processing of IL-1α or IL-1β to “mature” forms of 17 kDa requires specific cellular proteases.
Co-Processor Aided Attack on Embedded Multi-OS Environments (2013)

Within several domains of embedded computing, multi operating systems will be introduced in future. This is motivated by the need of fulfilling widespread requirements. Additionally, safety critical automotive domains add high demands on the security of such systems. Depending on the hardware architecture, it is possible to use several techniques to isolate systems. These are necessary for security reasons. Despite the state-of-the-art virtualization mechanisms, the idea of asymmetric-multiprocessing can be used to split a system's hardware resources, which makes the virtualization of hardware obsolete. However, independent devices like co-processors might add potential security risks. In this paper an attack vector is shown, which utilizes a co-processor to break through the isolation of an operating system domain. Using a multi operating system environment, we manipulate a co-processor in order to circumvent isolation mechanisms on behalf of an attacking operating system. The attack demonstrates an architectural demand to extend the virtualization capabilities of autarkic devices like co- processors.