gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Between the Hammer and Anvil: Resolution of unresectable muscle invasive bladder cancer in a renal transplant patient after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy (2023)

Multimodal immunosuppression is the backbone of modern solid organ transplantation. However, immunosuppression itself is an independent risk factor for post-transplant malignancy. Although skin malignancy is the most common post-transplant malignancy, genitourinary cancers are also described. Dose reduction or cessation of immunosuppression has a beneficial role in the management of transplant patients with concomitant malignancy, but only limited data exist with respect to bladder cancer (BCa). We describe a patient who developed metastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) after diseased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) who was successfully managed with dose reduction and elimination of an immunosuppression regimen.
Rational Manipulation of DNA Methylation by Using Isotopically Reinforced Cytosine (2016)

The human DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT 3A) is responsible for de novo epigenetic regulation, which is essential for mammalian viability and implicated in diverse diseases. All DNA cytosine C5 methyltransferases follow a broadly conserved catalytic mechanism. We investigated whether C5 β-elimination contributes to the rate-limiting step in catalysis by DNMT3A and the bacterial M.HhaI by using deuterium substitutions of C5 and C6 hydrogens. This substitution caused a 1.59-1.83 fold change in the rate of catalysis, thus suggesting that β-elimination is partly rate-limiting for both enzymes. We used a multisite substrate to explore the consequences of slowing β-elimination during multiple cycles of catalysis. Processive catalysis was slower for both enzymes, and deuterium substitution resulted in DNMT 3A dissociating from its substrate. The decrease in DNA methylation rate by DNMT 3A provides the basis of our ongoing efforts to alter cellular DNA methylation levels without the toxicity of currently used methods.
A Comparative Study of Modern Inference Techniques for Structured Discrete Energy Minimization Problems (2014)

Szeliski et al. published an influential study in 2006 on energy minimization methods for Markov Random Fields (MRF). This study provided valuable insights in choosing the best optimization technique for certain classes of problems. While these insights remain generally useful today, the phenomenal success of random field models means that the kinds of inference problems that have to be solved changed significantly. Specifically, the models today often include higher order interactions, flexible connectivity structures, large la\-bel-spaces of different cardinalities, or learned energy tables. To reflect these changes, we provide a modernized and enlarged study. We present an empirical comparison of 32 state-of-the-art optimization techniques on a corpus of 2,453 energy minimization instances from diverse applications in computer vision. To ensure reproducibility, we evaluate all methods in the OpenGM 2 framework and report extensive results regarding runtime and solution quality. Key insights from our study agree with the results of Szeliski et al. for the types of models they studied. However, on new and challenging types of models our findings disagree and suggest that polyhedral methods and integer programming solvers are competitive in terms of runtime and solution quality over a large range of model types.
Novel Synthesis of Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polystyrene (HRGO/PS) Nanocomposites by Microwave Irradiation as Anodes for High-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries (2019)

To overcome the risk of exothermic lithium-ion battery overheating reactions, we fabricated a novel, high-temperature-stable anode material composed of holey reduced graphene oxide/polystyrene (HRGO/PS) nanocomposites synthesized through in situ bulk polymerization in the presence of HRGO via microwave irradiation. The HRGO/PS nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy analyses including field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. All characterization studies demonstrated homogenous dispersion of HRGO in the PS matrix, which enhanced the thermal and electrical properties of the overall nanocomposites. These novel HRGO/PS nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrochemical responses, with reversible charge/discharge capacities of 92.1/92.78 mA·h/g at a current density of 500 mA/g with ~100% capacity retention and ~100% coulombic efficiency at room temperature. Furthermore, an examination of the electrochemical properties of these nanocomposites at 110 °C showed that HRGO/PS nanocomposites still displayed good charge/discharge capacities with stable cycle performances for 150 cycles.
Is there a synergic effect of propafenone associated with atrial overdrive pacing for atrial arrhythmia prevention? A randomised crossover study (2000)

In DDD paced patients, the overall effect of propafenone during atrial overdrive is variable. Propafenone may increase the proportion of asymptomatic atrial arrhythmia episodes. A proarrhythmic effect of propafenone was documented (aggravation of atrial arrhythmias). These results need to be confirmed by further larger randomised studies.
Midterm follow-up of total hip arthroplasty in a patient with contralateral Van Nes rotationplasty for congenital proximal femoral focal deficiency (2019)

Total hip arthroplasty is a durable and effective operation in those with normal gait patterns. However, to our knowledge, there is no current literature on longevity in patients who have had a contralateral Van Nes rotationplasty for proximal femoral focal deficiency. We found evidence that patients who underwent rotationplasty have increased demands on the contralateral extremity and higher percentage of their gait cycle on the unaffected extremity. Here, we present a unique case report of a 59-year-old male patient with a 6-year follow-up status after left total hip arthroplasty and a right-sided rotationplasty performed during adolescence. Upon chart and radiograph review, we found no early signs of wear of his hip arthroplasty and a fully functioning lower extremity. In our limited experience, we found that total hip arthroplasty was a safe and durable operation for our patient who underwent a contralateral Van Nes rotationplasty at the 6-year follow-up period.
Collagen VI sustains cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma (2023)

Microenvironmental factors are known fundamental regulators of the phenotype and aggressiveness of glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal brain tumor, characterized by fast progression and marked resistance to treatments. In this context, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to heavily influence the behavior of cancer cells from several origins, contributing to stem cell niches, influencing tumor invasiveness and response to chemotherapy, mediating survival signaling cascades, and modulating inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we show that collagen VI (COL6), an ECM protein widely expressed in both normal and pathological tissues, has a distinctive distribution within the GBM mass, strongly correlated with the most aggressive and phenotypically immature cells. Our data demonstrate that COL6 sustains the stem-like properties of GBM cells and supports the maintenance of an aggressive transcriptional program promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. In particular, we identified a specific subset of COL6-transcriptionally co-regulated genes, required for the response of cells to replicative stress and DNA damage, supporting the concept that COL6 is an essential stimulus for the activation of GBM cell response and resistance to chemotherapy, through the ATM/ATR axis. Altogether, these findings indicate that COL6 plays a pivotal role in GBM tumor biology, exerting a pleiotropic action across different GBM hallmarks, including phenotypic identity and gene transcription, as well as response to treatments, thus providing valuable information for the understanding of the complex microenvironmental cues underlying GBM malignancy.
Durability of Disposable N95 Mask Material When Exposed to Improvised Ozone Gas Disinfection (2020)

The principle finding of this report is that both commercial and a novel material used for N95 mask filters can endure many cycles of disinfection by ozone gas (20 ppm for 30 minutes) without detectable degradation or loss of filtration efficiency. N95 masks and surgical masks (hereafter referred to as masks) typically use a filtration material fabricated from meltblown polypropylene. To achieve maximum filtration efficiency while maintaining a reasonable pressure drop, these nonwoven fabrics are also electrostatically charged (corona discharge is the most common method used), to maximize attraction and capture of aerosols and solid particulates. Under normal circumstances, the reuse of masks is generally discouraged, but in times of crisis has become a necessity, making disinfection after each use a necessity. To be acceptable, any disinfection procedure must cause minimal degradation to the performance of the filter material. Possible performance degradation mechanisms include mechanical damage, loss of electrostatic charge, or both. One of the most practical and direct ways to measure combined mechanical and electrostatic integrity, and the subsequent ability to reuse mask filter material, is by the direct measurement of filtration efficiency. In this paper, we report that small numbers of disinfection cycles at reasonable virucidal doses of ozone do not significantly degrade the filtration efficiency of meltblown polypropylene filter material. By comparison, laundering quickly results in a significant loss of filtration efficiency and requires subsequent recharging to restore the electrostatic charge and filtration efficiency. A common assumption among biomedical scientists that ozone is far too destructive for this application. However, these direct measurements show that mask materials, specifically the filtration material, can withstand dozens of ozone disinfection cycles without any measurable degradation of filtration efficiency, nor any visible discoloration or loss of fiber integrity. The data are clear: when subjected to a virucidal dose of ozone for a much longer duration than is required for viral inactivation, there was no degradation of N95 filtration efficiency. The specific dosages of ozone needed for ~99% viral inactivation are thought to be at least 10 ppm for up to 30 minutes based upon an extensive literature review, but to standardize our testing, we consider a dose of 20 ppm for 30 minutes to be a reasonable and conservatively high ozone disinfection cycle. The material tested in this study withstood dosages of up to 200 ppm for 90 minutes, or alternatively 20 ppm for up to 36 hours, without detectable degradation, and further testing suggests that up to 30 or more disinfection cycles (at 20 ppm for 30 minutes) would result in less than a 5% loss of filtration efficiency. This report does not address the effect of ozone cycling on other mask components, such as elastics.
Gyrotron output frequency and power stabilization by PID feedback control on the acceleration and anode voltages (2016)

The results of stabilization of both output power and frequency by double PID feedback control of the acceleration and anode voltage in the 460 GHz Gyrotron FU CW GVI (“Gyrotron FU CW GO-1” as an official name in Osaka University) are presented. The experiment based on the cyclotron frequency modulation by modulation of acceleration voltage of beam electrons and on pitch factor modulation by modulation of anode voltage. In the long term experiment, the frequency stabilization was better than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> and the power stabilization was ±1%.
Systematics of isomeric configurations inN=77odd-Zisotones near the proton drip line (2006)

The systematics of the $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}{h}_{11/2}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}{s}_{1/2}$ isomeric configurations was studied for the odd-Z $N=77$ isotones near the proton drip line. The isomeric decays in $^{140}\mathrm{Eu}$, $^{142}\mathrm{Tb}$, $^{144}\mathrm{Ho}$, and $^{146}\mathrm{Tm}$ were measured by means of x-ray, \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray, and charged particle spectroscopy at the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (ORNL). The spin and parity of ${I}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={8}^{+}$ and ${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ were deduced for the isomers in $^{140}\mathrm{Eu}$ and $^{142}\mathrm{Tb}$. New decay schemes were established, and the half-lives of the ${8}^{+}$ isomers were measured to be 302(4) ns for $^{140m2}\mathrm{Eu}$ and 25(1) \ensuremath{\mu}s for $^{142m2}\mathrm{Tb}$. No evidence for the expected ${1}^{+}$ ground-state was found in the $^{144}\mathrm{Ho}$ decay data. The proton-emission from $^{146}\mathrm{Tm}$ was restudied. Five proton transitions were assigned to two proton-emitting states. The half-lives of 198(3) ms and 68(3) ms and the spin and parity values of ${I}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={10}^{+}$ and ${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ were established for $^{146m}\mathrm{Tm}$ and $^{146\mathrm{gs}}\mathrm{Tm}$, respectively. For the first time for an odd-odd nucleus, the interpretation of the observed decay properties and structure of the proton-emitting states was made by accounting for deformation and proton and neutron coupling to the core excitations. A complex wave-function structure was obtained, with dominating components of $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}{h}_{11/2}$ for the ${10}^{+}$ isomer and $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}{s}_{1/2}$ for the ${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state.
Distinct patterns of ΔFosB induction in brain by drugs of abuse (2008)

The transcription factor DeltaFosB accumulates and persists in brain in response to chronic stimulation. This accumulation after chronic exposure to drugs of abuse has been demonstrated previously by Western blot most dramatically in striatal regions, including dorsal striatum (caudate/putamen) and nucleus accumbens. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry to define with greater anatomical precision the induction of DeltaFosB throughout the rodent brain after chronic drug treatment. We also extended previous research involving cocaine, morphine, and nicotine to two additional drugs of abuse, ethanol and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC, the active ingredient in marijuana). We show here that chronic, but not acute, administration of each of four drugs of abuse, cocaine, morphine, ethanol, and Delta(9)-THC, robustly induces DeltaFosB in nucleus accumbens, although different patterns in the core vs. shell subregions of this nucleus were apparent for the different drugs. The drugs also differed in their degree of DeltaFosB induction in dorsal striatum. In addition, all four drugs induced DeltaFosB in prefrontal cortex, with the greatest effects observed with cocaine and ethanol, and all of the drugs induced DeltaFosB to a small extent in amygdala. Furthermore, all drugs induced DeltaFosB in the hippocampus, and, with the exception of ethanol, most of this induction was seen in the dentate. Lower levels of DeltaFosB induction were seen in other brain areas in response to a particular drug treatment. These findings provide further evidence that induction of DeltaFosB in nucleus accumbens is a common action of virtually all drugs of abuse and that, beyond nucleus accumbens, each drug induces DeltaFosB in a region-specific manner in brain.
On Performance Evaluation of Reliable Topology Control Algorithms in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

Energy consumption and network connectivity are two of the important research issues that are yet to be resolved in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). As taken advantage of in static networks, reliable topology control algorithms are also considered to be a good approach for mobile networks. However, a more adequate evaluation of these algorithms regarding mobility is still needed. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of some well-known topology control algorithms with various scenarios and measurements. The results show that Local Tree-based Reliable Topology (LTRT), a recently proposed algorithm, is the most scalable method and provides the most benefit in terms of redundant connectivity.
Desensitization of renal D1 dopamine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinases and endocytosis (2001)

The dopamine 1 receptor, in renal proximal tubules and thick ascending limbs, is a major determinant in renal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Renal D1 receptors are regulated by endogenous dopamine. However, the mechanism(s) of the desensitization of endogenous D1 receptors has not been studied. In human renal proximal tubule cells in culture (n=3-5), the D1 agonist, fenoldopam, increased cAMP accumulation (+73±2%, 10-6M, n=5). Fenoldopam (10-6M) pretreatment gradually decreased responsiveness to subsequent fenoldopam (10-6M) stimulation to -27±5% at 15 min and -95±1 % at 30 min; there were no further changes at 60 min and 90 min. Gradual and full recovery occurred 60 min after removal of fenoldopam. Forskolin (10-7M) action was unaffected. Because G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are involved in the desensitization of D1 receptors, we determined the effect of inhibition of GRK activity and expression with heparin/lipofectin (1μM, 15hr). Heparin, which decreases GRK activity and expression of GRK 2, 4, and 6, also reduced D1 receptor desensitization by 85±1% at 30 min. Antisense (AS) but not scrambled (SC) oligonucleotides to GRK2 or GRK4, blunted D1 receptor desensitization at 30 min (vehicle=11±6%, SC=14±4%, AS=41±4%). Because endocytosis is important in the internalization and desensitization of receptors, the effect of an endocytosis inhibitor, sucrose (0.4 M, 15 min), was studied next. Sucrose, which had no effect on GRK expression, not only prevented the desensitization of D1 receptors but also enhanced the fenoldopam effect; the sucrose effect persisted for 15-60 min (+103±1%) and waned at 90 min (+11±5%). These studies show that endogenously expressed D1 receptors are desensitized by GRKs. GRKs are a major participant, but endocytosis is a more important determinant of D1 receptor desensitization.
Superconducting sampling measurement system for characterization of electronic packaging (2002)

A superconducting sampling measurement system is a highly useful tool for analyzing ultrahigh speed electrical signals in cryogenic environments, due to a time resolution at ps levels with low current levels of /spl mu/A. The digitizing sampling system is composed of a Josephson sampling circuit, digital delay line, feedback signal detection circuit and a computer. The Josephson sampling circuit is designed for ETL's Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb junction technology. A TDR measurement method using a CPW flip-chip bonding technique is proposed. The theoretical spatial resolution is estimated to reach around a hundred /spl mu/m.
Self-assembled In0.22Ga0.78As quantum dots grown on metamorphic GaAs∕Ge∕SixGe1−x∕Si substrate (2006)

Self-assembled In0.22Ga0.78As quantum dots (QDs) grown on Si substrate with Ge∕SiGe as buffer layer grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images were used to observe the size and space distribution of the In0.22Ga0.78As QDs grown on the GaAs∕Ge∕GeSi∕Si layer structure. The influence of the growth temperature on the QDs size and density distribution was investigated. For QDs grown at 450°C, the density of the In0.22Ga0.78As dots was estimated to be 1×1011cm−2 and the In0.22Ga0.78As QDs thickness was 5 ML (monolayer) thick.
The addition of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulphenyl chloride to 1,3-disubstituted allenes: a reexamination (1979)

The reaction of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulphenyl chloride with eight alkyl 1,3-disubstituted allenes in methylene chloride solution has been investigated. In contrast to earlier reports, attack by sulphur is found to occur exclusively at the central allenic carbon. The direction of approach of sulphenyl chloride leads preferentially to the formation of the E isomers in accord with the concept of steric approach control. The ratio of E to Z alkene is found to increase as the bulk of the substituent group cis to the arylthio group increases. We observe, however, very little regioselectivity with respect to which of the mutually perpendicular π bonds of the allene system is attacked, suggesting the presence of an effective mechanism for transmission of inductive effects to the more distant double bond.
Novel chemo-enzymatic strategies for asymmetric aldol-type reactions using in situ formed acetaldehyde in deep eutectic solvents (2016)

This Ph.D. thesis deals with the question, if an in situ generation of acetaldehyde is advantageous for chosen catalytic processes. Starting point of this idea is a slow release of highly reactive acetaldehyde by transesterification reactions of vinyl esters with the enzyme CALB. Another approach is the oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenases. As benchmark reaction for detecting acetaldehyde, the cross coupling aldol reaction with p-nitrobenzyaldehyde catalyzed by proline derivatives was chosen. Overall, this system describes a chemo-enzymatic one-pot multi-step reaction. One of the key factors was the use of a new solvent class: A deep eutectic solvent (DES). Under all tested solvents, this solvent class delivered best results. A deep eutectic solvent is a mixture of molten salts which has a lower melting point than those observed for the single components. An important criteria for counting to the class of DES is a melting point of <150 °C. After optimization, the sensitive benchmark reaction gave the desired product in up to 84 % yield and 96 % ee. Further studies focus then on the recyclability of the solvent. It was also possible to demonstrate that the organocatalyst was immobilized in the DES phase. In a first proof of concept, four cycles could be successfully conducted without further addition of catalyst. Even though the system suffers catalyst leaching, this system is superior in certain aspects compared to already established reaction systems (e.g. by reducing the amount of acetaldehyde equivalents to a minimum, substituting hazardous components with harmless ones). In conclusion, this work emphasizes the potential of DES in the area of bio- and organocatalysis as well as the advantage of generating highly reactive reaction partners in situ.