gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor protects and repairs dopamine neurons by novel mechanism (2021)

Abstract Midbrain dopamine neurons deteriorate in Parkinson’s disease (PD) that is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. No cure is available that would stop the dopaminergic decline or restore function of injured neurons in PD. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs), e.g., glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are small, secreted proteins that promote neuron survival during mammalian development and regulate adult neuronal plasticity, and they are studied as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, results from clinical trials of GDNF and related NTF neurturin (NRTN) in PD have been modest so far. In this review, we focus on cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), an unconventional neurotrophic protein. CDNF delivered to the brain parenchyma protects and restores dopamine neurons in animal models of PD. In a recent Phase I-II clinical trial CDNF was found safe and well tolerated. CDNF deletion in mice led to age-dependent functional changes in the brain dopaminergic system and loss of enteric neurons resulting in slower gastrointestinal motility. These defects in Cdnf −/− mice intriguingly resemble deficiencies observed in early stage PD. Different from classical NTFs, CDNF can function both as an extracellular trophic factor and as an intracellular, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal protein that protects neurons and other cell types against ER stress. Similarly to the homologous mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), CDNF is able to regulate ER stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and promote protein homeostasis in the ER. Since ER stress is thought to be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the dopaminergic degeneration in PD, CDNF, and its small-molecule derivatives that are under development may provide useful tools for experimental medicine and future therapies for the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases.
Water diffusion heterogeneity index in the human brain is insensitive to the orientation of applied magnetic field gradients (2006)

The alpha diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) method was developed to study heterogeneous water diffusion in the human brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An advantage of this model is that it does not require an assumption about the shape of the intravoxel distribution of apparent diffusion rates, and it has a calculable relationship to this distribution. The alpha-DWI technique is useful for detecting microstructural tissue changes associated with brain tumor invasion, and may be useful for directing therapy to invading tumor cells. In previous work, alpha-DWI was performed with magnetic field gradients applied along a single direction in order to avoid artificially introducing a source of heterogeneity to the decay. However, it is known that restricted diffusion is anisotropic in the brain, and the alpha-DWI method must take this into account to be complete. In this work the relationship between the applied magnetic field gradients and the fitted stretched-exponential model parameters was studied in the human brain. It was found the distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) varies with the direction of applied gradients, while the heterogeneity index alpha is relatively direction-insensitive. It is proposed that in clinical use, maps of alpha can be created using diffusion-weighting gradients applied in a single direction that reflect the tissue heterogeneity.
Approximation by Simple Poles -- Part I: Density and Geometric Convergence Rate in Hardy Space (2022)

Optimal linear feedback control design is a valuable but challenging problem due to nonconvexity of the underlying optimization and infinite dimensionality of the Hardy space of stabilizing controllers. A powerful class of techniques for solving optimal control problems involves using reparameterization to transform the control design to a convex but infinite dimensional optimization. To make the problem tractable, historical work focuses on Galerkin-type finite dimensional approximations to Hardy space, especially those involving Lorentz series approximations such as the finite impulse response appproximation. However, Lorentz series approximations can lead to infeasibility, difficulty incorporating prior knowledge, deadbeat control in the case of finite impulse response, and increased suboptimality, especially for systems with large separation of time scales. The goal of this two-part article is to introduce a new Galerkin-type method based on approximation by transfer functions with a selection of simple poles, and to apply this simple pole approximation for optimal control design. In Part I, error bounds for approximating arbitrary transfer functions in Hardy space are provided based on the geometry of the pole selection. It is shown that the space of transfer functions with these simple poles converges to the full Hardy space, and a uniform convergence rate is provided based purely on the geometry of the pole selection. This is then specialized to derive a convergence rate for a particularly interesting pole selection based on an Archimedes spiral. In Part II, the simple pole approximation is combined with system level synthesis, a recent reparameterization approach, to develop a new control design method. This technique is convex and tractable, always feasible, can include prior knowledge, does not result in deadbeat control, and works well for systems with large separation of tim
A common X-linked inborn error of carnitine biosynthesis may be a risk factor for non-dysmorphic autism (2012)

We recently reported a deletion of exon 2 of the trimethyllysine hydroxylase epsilon (TMLHE) gene in a proband with autism. TMLHE maps to the X chromosome and encodes the first enzyme in carnitine biosynthesis, 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase. Deletion of exon 2 of TMLHE causes enzyme deficiency, resulting in increased substrate concentration (6-N-trimethyllysine) and decreased product levels (3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine) in plasma and urine. TMLHE deficiency is common in control males (24 in 8,787 or 1 in 366) and was not significantly increased in frequency in probands from simplex autism families (9 in 2,904 or 1 in 323). However, it was 2.82-fold more frequent in probands from male-male multiplex autism families compared with controls (7 in 909 or 1 in 130; P = 0.023). Additionally, six of seven autistic male siblings of probands in male-male multiplex families had the deletion, suggesting that TMLHE deficiency is a risk factor for autism (metaanalysis Z-score = 2.90 and P = 0.0037), although with low penetrance (2-4%). These data suggest that dysregulation of carnitine metabolism may be important in nondysmorphic autism; that abnormalities of carnitine intake, loss, transport, or synthesis may be important in a larger fraction of nondysmorphic autism cases; and that the carnitine pathway may provide a novel target for therapy or prevention of autism.
Potential of Sustainable Hierarchical Zeolites in the Valorization of α‐Pinene (2015)

In the valorization of α-pinene, which is an important biomass intermediate derived from turpentine oil, hierarchical (mesoporous) zeolites represent a superior class of catalysts. Hierarchical USY, ZSM-5, and beta zeolites have been prepared, characterized, and catalytically evaluated, with the aim of combining the highest catalytic performance with the most sustainable synthetic protocol. These zeolites are prepared by alkaline treatment in aqueous solutions of NH4 OH, NaOH, diethylamine, and NaOH complemented with tetrapropylammonium bromide. The hierarchical USY zeolite is the most attractive catalyst of the tested series, and is able to combine an overall organic-free synthesis with an up to sixfold activity enhancement and comparable selectivity over the conventional USY zeolite. This superior performance relates to a threefold greater activity than that of the commercial standard, namely, H2 SO4 /TiO2 . Correlation of the obtained benefits to the amount of solid lost during the postsynthetic modifications highlights that the highest activity gains are obtained with minor leaching. Furthermore, a highly zeolitic character, as determined by bulk XRD, is beneficial, but not crucial, in the conversion of α-pinene. The alkaline treatments not only result in a higher overall activity, but also a more functional external surface area, attaining up to four times the pinene conversions per square nanometer. The efficiency of the hierarchical USY zeolite is concomitantly demonstrated in the conversion of limonene and turpentine oil, which emphasizes its industrial potential.
A Ku-band CMOS low-noise amplifier (2005)

A Ku-band monolithic low-noise amplifier is presented in this paper. This LNA fabricated in commercial 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is a two-stage common-source design instead of cascode configuration for lower noise performance. This CMOS LNA demonstrates a gain of better than 10 dB and a NF of better than 3.2 dB from 14 to 15 GHz. The measured output P/sub 1dB/ is about 5.2 dBm and input IP3 is 1.6 dBm. The chip size including all testing pads is 0.88 /spl times/ 0.77 mm/sup 2/.
Verified the effectiveness of AsCpf1 system in a variety of vertebrate species (2018)

CRISPR/Cpf1 system is a novel genomic editing tool. Because of its more sophisticated components, and lower off-target rate, it has the potential to become a better gene-editing tool. Previous reports showed that CRISPR/Cpf1 could work effectively in multiple species. But our data show that AsCpf1 activity has a big difference in different vertebrates. Using in vitro experiments, we finally learned that the difference between species is due to temperature.
Microwave noise in InP/InGaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (2000)

We report on the microwave noise measurements in InP/InGaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors. Noise parameters Fmin , RN and Gopt were measured and simulated in a broadband frequency range (2-26 GHz). Small-signal equivalent circuit and noise model parameters for different biases were extracted.
Precise Performance Analysis of Dual-Hop Mixed RF/Unified-FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IM-DD Channel Models (2019)

This paper provides precise performance analysis of the dual-hop mixed radio frequency (RF)/unified free space optical (FSO) decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system, in which the heterodyne detection and the intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) are taken into account for FSO detection. To this end, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate (BER), and the ergodic channel capacity of this system. In this analysis, we utilize, for the first time as per our knowledge, a precise channel capacity result for the IM-DD channel. Moreover, this is the first time that not only the (IM-DD input-independent) but also the (IM-DD cost-dependent) additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered in such system analyses. Additionally in this study, we assume that the first hop (RF link) follows Nakagami- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> fading, and the second hop (FSO link) follows Málaga ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> ) turbulence with pointing errors. These fading and turbulence models contain other models (such as Rayleigh and Gamma-Gamma) as special cases, thus, our analyses can be seen as a generalized one from the RF and FSO fading models point of view. Also, in BER derivation, we assume that the modulation schemes in the two hops can be different, since not all modulation schemes are suitable for IM-DD FSO links. In addition, the system performance is investigated asymptotically at high signal to noise ratios. This investigation leads to new nonreported coding gain and diversity order analyses of such system. Interestingly, we find that in the FSO hop, at high transmitted powers, all the considered FSO detectors result in the same diversity order. Furthermore, we provide simulation results that verify the accuracy of the obtained analytical and asymptotic expressions.
Emergence of a R-Type Ca 2+ Channel (Ca V 2.3) Contributes to Cerebral Artery Constriction After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2005)

Cerebral aneurysm rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) inflict disability and death on thousands of individuals each year. In addition to vasospasm in large diameter arteries, enhanced constriction of resistance arteries within the cerebral vasculature may contribute to decreased cerebral blood flow and the development of delayed neurological deficits after SAH. In this study, we provide novel evidence that SAH leads to enhanced Ca2+ entry in myocytes of small diameter cerebral arteries through the emergence of R-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) encoded by the gene CaV 2.3. Using in vitro diameter measurements and patch clamp electrophysiology, we have found that L-type VDCC antagonists abolish cerebral artery constriction and block VDCC currents in cerebral artery myocytes from healthy animals. However, 5 days after the intracisternal injection of blood into rabbits to mimic SAH, cerebral artery constriction and VDCC currents were enhanced and partially resistant to L-type VDCC blockers. Further, SNX-482, a blocker of R-type Ca2+ channels, reduced constriction and membrane currents in cerebral arteries from SAH animals, but was without effect on cerebral arteries of healthy animals. Consistent with our biophysical and functional data, cerebral arteries from healthy animals were found to express only L-type VDCCs (CaV 1.2), whereas after SAH, cerebral arteries were found to express both CaV 1.2 and CaV 2.3. We propose that R-type VDCCs may contribute to enhanced cerebral artery constriction after SAH and may represent a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of neurological deficits after SAH.
Comparison of the molecular interactions of two antagonists, MEN16132 or icatibant, at the human kinin B2receptor (2010)

MEN16132 dissociated from the B₂ receptor compartment more slowly than icatibant and interacted at a deeper level in transmembrane regions of the receptor.
Point-to-multipoint Coherent Transceivers for Next-Generation Mobile Transport (2023)

Point-to-multipoint coherent transceivers can enable high-capacity and cost-effective bidirectional transmission for x-Haul networks. This contribution reviews the technology, requirements and potential to support next-generation mobile transport networks.
MODULATION OF PROLIFERATION AND TUMORIGENIC POTENTIAL OF CERVICAL-CARCINOMA CELLS BY THE EXPRESSION OF SENSE AND ANTISENSE P53 (1995)

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that overexpression of wild-type p53 suppresses the growth and alters the differentiation pattern of HPV-immortalized keratinocytes (Woodworth et al: Cell Growth Differ 4: 367-376, 1993). In the present report we describe the use of sense and antisense p53 retroviral vectors to modulate the expression levels of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in cervical carcinoma cells. Representative cell lines (C-4 I, ME-180 and C-33 A) were selected for this study on the basis of their various expression levels of either wild-type or mutated p53, and also of their content of integrated human papillomavirus sequences. Our results show that p53 overexpression from the sense construct decreased the growth rate and tumorigenic potential of the HPV-negative C-4 I cell line, whereas it had no effect on the HPV-positive ME-180 and C-33 A cells. However, examination of the individual colonies early after transfection with sense constructs by light microscopy showed that overexpression of wild-type p53 in ME-180 induced significant morphological alterations resulting in cellular senescence. Nevertheless, the p53 overexpressing, ME-180-derived cell line established after selection did not exhibit any major changes compared to the parental cell line. In the case of C-33 A, the presence of high levels of mutant p53 prevented the exogenous wild-type p53 from causing any significant modulatory action on their proliferation or neoplastic phenotype.
A convergent approach to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2011)

A new concise route to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) through radical addition and cyclisation of xanthates is described.
Understanding Error Propagation in GPGPU Applications (2016)

GPUs have emerged as general-purpose accelerators in high-performance computing (HPC) and scientific applications. However, the reliability characteristics of GPU applications have not been investigated in depth. While error propagation has been extensively investigated for non-GPU applications, GPU applications have a very different programming model which can have a significant effect on error propagation in them. We perform an empirical study to understand and characterize error propagation in GPU applications. We build a compilerbased fault-injection tool for GPU applications to track error propagation, and define metrics to characterize propagation in GPU applications. We find GPU applications exhibit significant error propagation for some kinds of errors, but not others, and the behaviour is highly application specific. We observe the GPUCPU interaction boundary naturally limits error propagation in these applications compared to traditional non-GPU applications. We also formulate various guidelines for the design of faulttolerance mechanisms in GPU applications based on our results.
Perioperative Outcomes Following Partial Nephrectomy Performed on Patients Remaining on Antiplatelet Therapy (2016)

The risk of bleeding complications due to antiplatelet therapy use at partial nephrectomy may be due to clopidogrel. The need to continue perioperative aspirin alone does not appear to be a contraindication to the safe performance of partial nephrectomy.
Techtile: a Flexible Testbed for Distributed Acoustic Indoor Positioning and Sensing (2022)

The proposed infrastructure, named Techtile, provides a unique R&D facility as features dispersed electronics enables transmission and capturing of a multitude of signals in 3D. Specific available equipment that enhances the design process from smooth prototyping to a commercial product is discussed. The acoustic parameters of the room, particularly the reverberation and ambient noise, are measured to take these into account for future innovative acoustic indoor positioning and sensing systems. This can have a positive influence on the accuracy and precision. The wooden construction represents an acoustically challenging room for audible sound with a maximum measured RT60 value of 1.17s at 5kHz, which is comparable to the reverberation properties of a lecture or small concert hall. For ultrasound it is rather challenging due to the present ambient noise sources. In general, the Techtile room can be compared with a home or quiet office environment, in terms of sound pressure levels (SPLs). In addition to the acoustic properties, possible research and development options are discussed in combination with the associated challenges. Many of the designs described are available through open source.
Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide derived polyols as highly effective humectants (2010)

Isosorbide is a bicyclic ether derivative of glucose. It is recognized as a ¿green¿ substance and is hygroscopic at > 30% relative humidity. Since it is water soluble and harmless, isosorbide is used as a multi-functional carrier in many pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. In order to find a ¿green¿ replacement for polyethyleneoxide in cosmetic formulations, glycerine (propanetriol) a known skin softener and humectant was chemically combined with isosorbide to improve the hygroscopic properties. The synthetic route developed for this work not only provides a series of highly effective humectants but also generates a range of epoxides which are promising candidates for replacing bisphenol-A based epoxies and also as plastic additives. All the intermediates generated during the syntheses were characterized by NMR and FTIR. Water absorption tests were conducted in a humidity chamber with specific relative humidities.
A flexible low-voltage ride-through operation for the distributed generation converters (2013)

With more and more distributed energy resources (DERs) are installed in the utility grid, the utility requires the DER generation system to remain grid-connected and injects reactive and active power to support grid voltage during voltage sags. In this paper, a positive- and negative-sequence current injection method is proposed to meet the low-voltage ride through (LVRT) requirement. The proposed method predefined a current constraint to avoid the overcurrent during the LVRT operation and adjust the positive-sequence reactive current to reduce the DC-bus voltage ripple. Comparisons of the proposed method and other LVRT techniques are also presented.
The Low Temperature Solvent-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexene to Cyclohexane Diol over Highly Active Au/Graphite and Au/Graphene Catalysts (2018)

The selectivity and activity of gold-catalysts supported on graphite and graphene have been compared in the oxidation of cyclohexene. These catalysts were prepared via impregnation and sol immobilisation methods, and tested using solventless and radical initiator-free reaction conditions. The selectivity of these catalysts has been directed towards cyclohexene epoxide using WO3 as a co-catalyst and further to cyclohexane diol by the addition of water, achieving a maximum selectivity of 17% to the diol. The sol immobilisation catalysts were more reproducible and far more active, however, selectivity towards the diol was lower than for the impregnation catalyst. The results suggest that formation of cyclohexane diol through solventless oxidation of cyclohexene is limited by a number of factors, such as the formation of an allylic hydroperoxyl species as well as the amount of in situ generated water.
P‐46: Establishing a Compensation Algorithm of AMOLED Display Degradation with the Particular Principle of Model Measurement (2012)

Abstract This study proposes a compensation algorithm of AMOLED display degradation, which is established with the particular model measurements previously. It can be used with diverse OLED devices and any pixel circuits. By utilizing the algorithm, AMOLED display degradation can be compensated more accurate.
Design of miniaturized narrow band filter to consider with cross-coupling effect (2012)

We have developed a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) receiving filter with narrow bandwidth characteristic for 2 GHz band mobile communication systems. To reduce the filter size and controlled unintended cross coupling, we proposed a stepped impedance resonator (SIR) and separation filter package. This resonator is possible to control the amount of electric coupling and magnetic coupling by changing the length or width the resonator structure. Therefore, the gap between the adjacent resonators can be achieved more compact size. The developed narrow band HTS filter with a fractional bandwidth of 0.25% has 10-pole quasi-elliptic function response for sharp skirt characteristic. This filter separated two packages to reduce unintended cross coupling, and mounted in the front end systems combining this filter together with low-noise amplifier. The measured frequency response agrees reasonably with the desired specifications.