gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Nitrogen Moieties in N-Doped 3D-Graphene Nanosheets for Oxygen Electroreduction in Acidic and Alkaline Media (2018)

This study elucidates the synthesis-structure-property correlations of nitrogen moieties present in nitrogen-functionalized graphene nanomaterials toward oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) and their electrochemical pathways in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Porous three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (N/3D-GNSs) were fabricated using the sacrificial support method and doped with nitrogen using 10 atom % NH<sub>3</sub> under thermal pyrolysis at T = 650, 850, and 1050 °C for evaluating the nitrogen species formed under different temperatures. The abundances of the various nitrogen species formed under pyrolytic conditions were evaluated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Using rotating ring-disk electrode, we analyzed the role played by the nitrogen moieties influencing the electrochemical activity of the N/3D-GNS supports for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in both acidic and alkaline media. It was demonstrated that the concentrations of the nitrogen moieties: graphitic-N, quaternary, hydrogenated-N (hydrogenated nitrogen combined pyrrolic nitrogen and hydrogenated pyridine) and pyridinic-N varied considerably with pyrolysis temperatures. A decrease in graphitic-N content and an increase in the ratio of hydrogenated-N/pyridinic-N significantly improved the activity of the material. The half-wave and onset potentials as well as the current densities and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)/(HO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) yields of the N/3D-GNS materials also varied between acidic and alkaline electrolytes but followed the general trend in terms of pyrolysis temperatures and abundance of the nitrogen moieties. Among the synthesized materials, the 3D-graphene nanosheets that were doped with nitrogen at 850 °C, optimized to have the highest hydrogenated-N and lowest pyridinic-N as well as better catalyst-ionomer integration, showed the highest ORR performance. This strategy for the tunable synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene materials with controlled nitrogen functionalization offers a platform for developing active supports or catalytic nanomaterials for fuel cell applications.
A comparison of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of crude tarantula venoms in thePterinochilus group (1999)

The search for novel pharmacological tools in spider venoms involves the need for precise and reproducible species identification methods. As an addition to morphological analysis, we have developed venom fingerprinting by reversed-phase chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) as an efficient and precise venom identification tool. In order to compare the possible use of liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) as an additional venom characterization tool, we have applied both methodologies to the study of several tarantula venom samples in the Pterinochilus murinus group. These species possess highly active venoms yet their taxonomy remains difficult. We demonstrate that both methodologies can be successfully applied to tarantula venom characterization. MALDI-TOFMS and ESI-MS gave similar overall profiles and allowed fine discrimination of samples. At least one venom sample was proven to belong to a completely different venom group. Coupling of ESI-MS with HPLC separation afforded a new dimension in venom analysis, with clear discrimination between components of similar Mr and gave a finer picture of venom composition, number of molecular species and molecular weight distribution.
Sixth International Workshop on Exploiting Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Data Management (aiDM) (2023)

Recent advances in AI techniques, as well as enabling hardware and infrastructure, has led to the integration of AI in wide-ranging domains and tasks. In particular, AI has been used to handle various types of data (including numerical, textual and image data) and has been adopted in large-scale distributed systems. From a data management perspective, this calls for the harnessing of state-of-the-art AI solutions for data management tasks and systems. aiDM is a full-day workshop that offers a stage for innovative interdisciplinary research that studies the interaction between AI and data management and develops new AI technologies for data-related tasks. This year, aiDM'23 particularly focuses on the transparent exploitation of AI techniques in existing enterprise-level data management workloads.
Chemical reprogramming of mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast into endoderm lineage (2017)

We report here an approach to redirecting somatic cell fate under chemically defined conditions without transcription factors. We start by converting mouse embryonic fibroblasts to epithelial-like cells with chemicals and growth factors. Subsequent cell fate mapping reveals a robust induction of SOX17 in the resulting epithelial-like cells that can be further reprogrammed to endodermal progenitor cells. Interestingly, these cells can self-renew <i>in vitro</i> and further differentiate into albumin-producing hepatocytes that can rescue mice from acute liver injury. Our results demonstrate a rational approach to convert mouse embryonic fibroblasts to hepatocytes and suggest that this mechanism-driven approach may be generalized for other cells.
Environmental Impact and Mechanisms of the Biological Clogging of Saturated Soils and Aquifer Materials (1998)

The biological clogging of natural porous media, often in conjunction with physical or chemical clogging, is encountered under a wide range of conditions. Wastewater disposal, artificial groundwater recharge, in situ bioremediation of contaminated aquifers, construction of water reservoirs, or secondary oil recovery are all affected by this process. The present review provides an overview of the techniques that are used to study clogging in the laboratory, or to monitor it in field applications. After a brief survey of the clogging patterns most commonly observed in practice, and of a number of physical and chemical causes of clogging, the various mechanisms by which microorganisms clog soils and other natural porous media are analyzed in detail. A critical assessment is also provided of the few mathematical models that have been developed in the last few years to describe the biological clogging process. The overall conclusion of the review is that although information is available on several aspects of the biological clogging of natural porous media, further research is required to predict its extent quantitatively in a given situation. This is particularly true in cases that involve complicating factors such as predation or competition among organisms.
Fused Silica Dual-Shell Gyroscope with In-Plane Actuation by Out-Of-Plane Electrodes Realized Using Glassblowing and Thru-Glass-Vias Fabrication (2022)

This paper introduces a 3D Fused Silica (FS) dual-shell gyroscope (DSG) integrated with a planar electrode substrate, making the entire process compatible with a wafer-level fabrication. Utilizing a thru-glass-vias (TGV) technology, the fabricated out-of-plane electrode substrate supports DSG in-plane actuation, detection, and electrostatic compensation of the n = 2 mode, the n = 3 mode, as well as the synchronous operation of the two modes. A tuning algorithm was developed for all supported operational modalities. Gyroscope operations were demonstrated for the first time using the n = 2 and the n = 3 modes asynchronously, revealing Angle Random Walks of 0.03 and 0.083 deg/rt-hr and in run bias instabilities of 0.4 and 0.75 deg/hr.
Teaching and learning musical acoustics in a "music technology" program (2012)

Helping math-averse students to learn musical acoustics can be challenging. Many universities offer a degree program entitled “Music Technology.” While the details of Music Tech programs differ, the general curricular focus includes music theory, electronic and computer music, audio recording and mixing, multimedia production, and computer applications in music composition. Music Tech programs also typically require a “Science of Sound” course that is intended to introduce the physical and mathematical concepts of musical sound and the basic principles of room acoustics. But unlike traditional acoustics students with a physics or engineering background, many students in the music tech programs are unconventional learners who do not tend to have much background in mathematics and the traditional science topics that would be the customary prerequisites for a formal acoustics class. This situation provides an interesting challenge--and a great opportunity--for the instructor to help students learn about acoustics and audio topics while side-stepping the students’ disdain for mathematical formulae. This paper presents one Music Tech lesson example: teaching musical instrument acoustics using a lumped source-filter-coupling model. The learning outcomes are sufficient for the students to understand and implement useful empirical models and simulations.
C1q-based tolerance mechanism in HMGB1-mediated activation of human monocytes (IRM5P.649) (2015)

Abstract C1q, a component of the classical complement pathway, is required for clearance of apoptotic cells. C1q also regulates activation of innate immune cells through engagement of C1q receptors present on the immune cell surface. C1q deficiency is highly associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a pro-inflammatory mediator, is secreted by inflammatory cells and passively released from necrotic cells. HMGB1 interacts with TLR4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), to augment the production of type 1 interferon and proinflammatory cytokines. Here we show that C1q inhibits HMGB1-mediated monocyte activation through cross-linking RAGE and Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), which is an inhibitory receptor for collagen and C1q. This crosslinking causes LAIR-1 to enter lipid rafts following HMGB1 and C1q stimulation. C1q suppress HMGB-1 mediated induction of type I-interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-12 and TNF-α. Moreover, exposure of monocytes to HMGB1 and C1q together leads to upregulation of a number of anti-inflammatory molecules that might function to induce phagocytosis and to maintain monocyte quiescence. Our results suggest that C1q regulates the activation of innate immunity by HMGB1 and maintains immune homeostasis. These data are consistent with the established requirement for C1q in the prevention of autoimmunity.
High speed travelling wave carrier depletion silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (2012)

We present the first demonstration of a travelling wave carrier depletion Mach-Zehnder modulator impedance matched to 50 Ω. This device has a bandwidth of 24 GHz and a halfwave voltage length product of 0.7 V-cm, placing it among the best in its class.
1H-Imidazole-2,5-Dicarboxamides as NS4A Peptidomimetics: Identification of a New Venue to Inhibit HCV-NS3 Protease (2020)

The non-structural protein NS3/4A protease is a critical factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) maturation that requires activation by NS4A. Synthetic peptide mutants of NS4A were found to inhibit NS3 function. The bridging from peptide inhibitors to heterocyclic peptidomimetics of NS4A has not been in consideration in literature, and therefore, we decided to explore this strategy to develop a new class of NS3 inhibitors. In this report, a structure-based design approach was used to convert the bound form of NS4A into 1H-imidazole-2,5-dicarboxamide derivatives as first generation peptidomimetics. This scaffold mimics the buried amino acid sequence Ile-25` to Arg-28` at the core of NS4A21`-33` needed to activate the NS3 protease. Some of the synthesized MOC compounds were able to compete with and displace NS4A21`-33` for binding to NS3. For instance, N5-(4-guanidinobutyl)-N2-(n-hexyl)-1H-imidazole-2,5-dicarboxamide (MOC-24) inhibited the binding of NS4A21`-33` with a competition IC50 of 1.9 &amp;plusmn; 0.12 &amp;micro;M in a fluorescence anisotropy assay, stabilized the denaturation of NS3 by increasing the aggregation temperature by &amp;Delta;Tagg 0.6 &amp;plusmn; 0.140 ℃. MOC-24 also inhibited NS3 protease activity in a fluorometric assay. Molecular dynamics simulations rationalized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) differences between the active MOC-24 and the inactive MOC-26. Our data shows that MOC compounds are possibly the first examples of NS4A peptidomimetics that demonstrated promising activities against NS3 proteins.
Mixing with bubbles: a practical technology for use with portable microfluidic devices (2005)

This paper demonstrates a methodology for micromixing that is sufficiently simple that it can be used in portable microfluidic devices. It illustrates the use of the micromixer by incorporating it into an elementary, portable microfluidic system that includes sample introduction, sample filtration, and valving. This system has the following characteristics: (i) it is powered with a single hand-operated source of vacuum, (ii) it allows samples to be loaded easily by depositing them into prefabricated wells, (iii) the samples are filtered in situ to prevent clogging of the microchannels, (iv) the structure of the channels ensure mixing of the laminar streams by interaction with bubbles of gas introduced into the channels, (v) the device is prepared in a single-step soft-lithographic process, and (vi) the device can be prepared to be resistant to the adsorption of proteins, and can be used with or without surface-active agents.
Visible Light-Mediated Photocatalytic Metal-Free Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkenyl Carboxylic Acids with Diarylphosphine Oxides Leading to β-Ketophosphine Oxides (2018)

A new visible light-mediated photocatalytic decarboxylative oxyphosphorylation of cinnamic acids with diarylphosphine oxides is described. This reaction is performed under mild conditions to afford the corresponding β-ketophosphine oxides.
Microbial biosynthesis of lactate esters (2019)

We have successfully established the biosynthesis pathway of lactate esters from fermentable sugars and demonstrated for the first time the direct fermentative production of lactate esters from glucose using an <i>E. coli</i> modular cell. This study defines a cornerstone for the microbial production of lactate esters as green solvents from renewable resources with novel industrial applications.
Importance of B cells to development of regulatory T cells and prolongation of tissue allograft survival in recipients receiving autologous bone marrow transplantation (2018)

We previously showed that congenic bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) post myeloablation augmented tissue allograft survival in association with increased regulatory T (Treg) cells of both host and bone marrow donor origin. Regulatory B (Breg) cells can also modulate T-cell immunity and B cells may be implicated in the development of Treg cells. Accordingly, we explored the effect of B-cell depletion in vivo on augmented graft survival post BMTx. C57BL/6 mice received BALB/c skin allografts followed 7 days later by myeloablation using cyclophosphamide and busulphan. Mice then received T-cell-depleted bone marrow from CD45.1 congenic donors, and ongoing immunosuppression with rapamycin (to day 28 after BMTx). Control mice received cyclophosphamide and busulphan followed by rapamycin, but not congenic bone marrow. At different times post BMTx, mice received B-cell-depleting antibody treatment, and the effect on both skin graft survival, and induction of Treg cells was assessed. BMTx resulted in significantly prolonged skin graft survival versus control mice, in association with attenuated donor-specific alloreactivity relative to controls, increased splenic Treg cells and significantly diminished anti-donor IgG. In mice receiving infusion of B-depleting antibodies for 12 days from day 15 post BMTx, both graft survival and Treg cell activity were diminished, particularly for functional Treg cells of donor origin. Adoptive transfer of Breg cells from mice harvested at 15 days post BMTx prolonged survival in naive transplanted mice and increased Treg cell levels. Thus, autologous BMTx augmentation of graft survival is dependent in part upon a population of Breg cells that can modulate the function of donor-derived Treg cells.
Figure S4 from Vaccine-Induced Memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Provide Clinical Benefit in HER2 Expressing Breast Cancer: A Mouse to Human Translational Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Individual histograms of perforin expression by memory CD8 T cell cluster pre- and post-vaccination&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Fingerprint sensor using fiber optic faceplate</title> (1997)

This paper presents a new fingerprint sensor for automated fingerprint identification systems. This fingerprint sensor consists of alight source, a charge coupled device and fiber optic faceplates. Because of the fiber optic faceplates, this fingerprint sensor does not have the space for image formation that a lens has and thus can be miniaturized. The size of the prototype fingerprint sensor, which has a 12 mm by 18 mm fingerprint input face, is 48 mm by 72 mm by 44 mm. The verification performance is evaluated by using this prototype.
Raman scattering spectroscopy of Nd1+xBa2−xCu3O7coated conductors grown by pulsed laser deposition (2007)

We analyzed Nd1+x Ba2−x Cu3O7 (NdBCO) coated conductors grown at various substrate temperatures by using Raman spectroscopy. Epitaxial NdBCO films were deposited on ion beam assisted deposition yttrium stabilized zirconia (IBAD-YSZ) templates by pulsed laser deposition. Raman scattering spectroscopy shows that the NdBCO film grown at a relatively low substrate temperature of 750 ◦ C contains some a-axis oriented grains as well as c-axis oriented grains and an excess cation disorder between Nd 3+ ions and Ba 2+ sites, which result in degradation of superconducting properties with critical temperature (Tc )o f∼83 K and critical current density (Jc )o f less than 1 MA cm −2 at 77 K and self-field. The samples grown at higher temperatures ranging from 775 to 800 ◦ C are found to have strong c-axis orientation with little cation disorder, and subsequently excellent superconducting properties with Tc of 88–90 K and Jc of 1.2–1. 8M A cm −2 at 77 K and self-field. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
A compact in-line polarimeter using a Faraday rotator (2003)

We have developed a compact in-line polarimeter for monitoring the polarization of light in active fiber. It consists of two parts: a half-mirror inserted into a trench cut at a slant across the fiber so that it reflects a portion of the optical beam and the combination of a magnetized Faraday rotator plate sandwiched between mirrors and a four-channel detector.
Asymmetric electrophilic amination: synthesis of .alpha.-amino and .alpha.-hydrazino acids with high optical purity (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric electrophilic amination: synthesis of .alpha.-amino and .alpha.-hydrazino acids with high optical purityCesare. Gennari, Lino. Colombo, and Giorgio. BertoliniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 20, 6394–6395Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00280a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00280a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1498Altmetric-Citations206LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The transcriptome of the medullary area postrema: the thirsty rat, the hungry rat and the hypertensive rat (2011)

The area postrema (AP) is a sensory circumventricular organ characterized by extensive fenestrated vasculature and neurons which are capable of detecting circulating signals of osmotic, cardiovascular, immune and metabolic status. The AP can communicate these messages via efferent projections to brainstem and hypothalamic structures that are able to orchestrate an appropriate response. We have used microarrays to profile the transcriptome of the AP in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar-Kyoto rat and present here a comprehensive catalogue of gene expression, focusing specifically on the population of ion channels, receptors and G protein-coupled receptors expressed in this sensory tissue; of the G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the rat AP, we identified ∼36% that are orphans, having no established ligand. We have also looked at the ways in which the AP transcriptome responds to the physiological stressors of 72 h dehydration (DSD) and 48 h fasting (FSD) and have performed microarrays in these conditions. Comparison between the DSD and SD or between FSD and SD revealed only a modest number of AP genes that are regulated by these homeostatic challenges. The expression levels of a much larger number of genes are altered in the spontaneously hypertensive rat AP compared with the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto control rat, however. Finally, analysis of these 'hypertension-related' elements revealed genes that are involved in the regulation of both blood pressure and immune function and as such are excellent targets for further study.
Comparison of Mixing Approaches in the Synthesis and Deposition of Ceria Nanoparticles (2007)

Nanoparticle deposition techniques hold the promise of simplifying thin film deposition while enabling enhanced performance through the control of film density, porosity and composition. In this paper, ceria nanoparticles are deposited from solution to a film via spin coating. A comparison is made between the nanoparticle shape and film morphology produced by depositing from different mixing approaches. In this paper, different mixing approaches were carried out by using traditional batch precipitation reactor and continuous microchannel reactor (T-mixer). Preliminary results show different particle shape and film morphology as a function of precursor concentration. Advantages of the microchannel approach include better control of nanoparticle shape and more uniform film with less agglomeration.