gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of force feedback on operator's skills in tele-operated systems (1998)

The system studied consists of a human operator, a stick driven by the force generated by the human hand, and a plant (e.g., a robotic arm) whose input comes from the stick. The system output is the position which is to be placed on a specific location by the human operator. The force from the stick output can be fed back (as a reflected force) and combined with the force applied by the human. The goal here is to study the effects of the reflected force feedback on the skills of the human operator. The recently induced probabilistic skill index is used to evaluate the performance of the operator performing specified tasks. The tasks are quantified by means of difficulty index. Four cases of different reflected feedback loops are studied. For each case, experimental data were collected when a human operator was performing a task of a known difficulty index. The probabilistic skill index is then used to quantify the effects of the reflected force feedback loop. Thus, this study provides evidence for evaluating the relative effects of the reflected forces on operator's skills in the teleoperation.
Extracellular vesicles from HTLV-1 infected cells modulate target cells and viral spread (2021)

Altogether, these data suggest that various EV subpopulations induce cytokine expression, tissue damage, and viral spread.
Representation, simplification and display of fractional powers of rational numbers in computer algebra (2013)

Simplification of fractional powers of positive rational numbers and of sums, products and powers of such numbers is taught in beginning algebra. Such numbers can often be expressed in many ways, as this article discusses in some detail. Since they are such a restricted subset of algebraic numbers, it might seem that good simplification of them must already be implemented in all widely used computer algebra systems. However, the algorithm taught in beginning algebra uses integer factorization, which can consume unacceptable time for the large numbers that often arise within computer algebra. Therefore some systems apparently use various ad hoc techniques that can return an incorrect result because of not simplifying to 0 the difference between two equivalent such expressions. Even systems that avoid this flaw often do not return the same result for all equivalent such input forms, or return an unnecessarily bulky result that does not have any other compensating useful property. This article identifies some of these deficiencies, then describes the advantages and disadvantages of various alternative forms and how to overcome the deficiencies without costly integer factorization.
Improved Broadband Matching Bound (2017)

In radio frequency systems where a load is driven by a source through a passive impedance matching circuit, the bandwidth over which match can be attained is limited. The Bode-Fano upper bound is often invoked to find this limit. We show that the bound is loose for some loads and, hence, cannot be attained by any network. We present a simple method to improve the bound and give conditions under which the improved bound is tight. The improved bound requires no additional assumptions or conditions beyond what is used for the Bode-Fano bound. Applications to analytical and numerical load models are demonstrated.
Oxygen distribution in murine tumors: characterization using oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence (2004)

In the present work, a novel method for detecting hypoxia in tumors, phosphorescence quenching, was used to evaluate tissue and tumor oxygenation. This technique is based on the concept that phosphorescence lifetime and intensity are inversely proportional to the oxygen concentration in the tissue sample. We used the phosphor Oxyphor G2 to evaluate the oxygen profiles in three murine tumor models: K1735 malignant melanoma, RENCA renal cell carcinoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma. Oxygen measurements were obtained both as histograms of oxygen distribution within the sample and as an average oxygen pressure within the tissue sampled; the latter allowing real-time oxygen monitoring. Each of the tumor types examined had a characteristic and consistent oxygen profile. K1735 tumors were all well oxygenated, with a peak oxygen pressure of 37.8 +/- 5.1 Torr; RENCA tumors had intermediate oxygen pressures, with a peak oxygen pressure of 24.8 +/- 17.9 Torr; and LLC tumors were all severely hypoxic, with a peak oxygen pressure of 1.8 +/- 1.1 Torr. These results correlated well with measurements of tumor cell oxygenation measured by nitroimidazole (EF5) binding and were consistent with assessments of tumor blood flow by contrast enhanced ultrasound and tumor histology. The results show that phosphorescence quenching is a reliable, reproducible, and noninvasive method capable of providing real-time determination of oxygen concentrations within tumors.
Neural Network Based Decentralized Controls of Large Scale Power Systems (2007)

This paper presents a suite of neural network (NN) based decentralized controller designs for large scale power systems' generators, one is for the excitation control and the other is for the steam valve control. Though the control inputs are calculated using local signals, the transient and overall system stability can be guaranteed. NNs are used to approximate the unknown and/or imprecise dynamics of the local power system dynamics and the inter-connection terms, thus the requirements for exact system parameters are relaxed. Simulation studies with a three-machine power system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller designs.
Effect of AlGaN/GaN Strained Layer Superlattice Period on InGaN MQW Laser Diodes (1999)

AlGaN/GaN strained layer superlattices have been employed in the cladding layers of InGaN multi-quantum well laser diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Superlattices have been investigated for strain relief of the cladding layer, as well as an enhanced hole concentration, which is more than ten times the value obtained for bulk AlGaN films. Laser diodes with strained layer superlattices as cladding layers were shown to have superior structural and electrical properties compared to laser diodes with bulk AlGaN cladding layers. As the period of the strained layer superlattices is decreased, the threshold voltage, as well as the threshold current density, is decreased. The resistance to vertical conduction through p-type superlattices with increasing superlattice period is not offset by the increase in hole concentration for increasing superlattice spacing resulting in higher voltages.
Intrusion Detection and Ejection Framework Against Lethal Attacks in UAV-Aided Networks: A Bayesian Game-Theoretic Methodology (2016)

Advances in wireless communications and microelectronics have spearheaded the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can be used to augment a ground network composed of sensors and/or vehicles in order to increase coverage, enhance the end-to-end delay, and improve data processing. While UAV-aided networks can potentially find applications in many areas, a number of issues, particularly security, have not been readily addressed. The intrusion detection system is the most commonly used technique to detect attackers. In this paper, we focus on addressing two main issues within the context of intrusion detection and attacker ejection in UAV-aided networks, namely, activation of the intrusion monitoring process and attacker ejection. In fact, when a large number of nodes activate their monitoring processes, the incurred overhead can be substantial and, as a consequence, degrades the network performance. Therefore, a tradeoff between the intrusion detection rate and overhead is considered in this work. It is not always the best strategy to eject a node immediately when it exhibits a bad sign of malicious activities since this sign could be provisional (the node may switch to a normal behavior in the future) or be simply due to noise or unreliable communications. Thus, a dilemma between detection and false positive rates is taken into account in this paper. We propose to address these two security issues by a Bayesian game model in order to accurately detect attacks (i.e., high detection and low false positive rates) with a low overhead. Simulation results have demonstrated that our proposed security game framework does achieve reliable detection.
One size for all in Hodgkin lymphoma? (2011)

Over the past decades, cure rates in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have steadily improved. This was most obvious in patients with advanced disease after the introduction of multi-agent chemotherapy protocols such as MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) and ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine). More recently, the more intensive BEACOPP(escalated) (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) was shown to be significantly superior to previous standard approaches in advanced adult HL. In this issue of Blood, Kelly and colleagues now report that BEACOPP(escalated) is also feasible and highly effective in high-risk pediatric and adolescent HL patients.
Corrigendum: Editorial: Reviews in rheumatology (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1153419.].
Public-key cryptography and password protocols. (1999)

We study protocols for strong authentication and key exchange in asymmetric scenarios where the authentication server possesses a pair of private and public keys while the client has only a weak human-memorizable password as its authentication key. We present and analyze several simple password protocols in this scenario, and show that the security of these protocols can be formally proven based on standard cryptographic assumptions. Remarkably, our analysis shows optimal resistance to off-line password guessing attacks under the choice of suitable public key encryption functions. In addition to user authentication, we enhance our protocols to provide two-way authentication, authenticated key exchange, defense against server&amp;apos;s compromise, and user anonymity. We complement these results with a proof that public key techniques are unavoidable for password protocols that resist off-line guessing attacks. As a further contribution, we introduce the notion of public passwords that...
Virtual Screening for Bioactive Molecules by Evolutionary De Novo Design (2000)

Potent K+-channel blocking agents were generated de novo using a novel computer-based evolutionary design strategy (TOPAS). The method is based on an adaptive optimization process in virtual chemical space. The picture shows the structural formula of a template and assignment of generalized atom types on the molecular framework as a two-dimensional representation.
FERMI-PSI Collaboration on Nano-Fabricated Wire-Scanners With Sub-Micrometer Resolution: Developments and Measurements. (2019)

Wire-scanners with micrometer resolution are in operation at SwissFEL and FERMI for measurements of the beam emittance and for beam profile monitoring (*,**). In addition, both laboratories are developing and testing innovative nano-fabricated wire-scanners capable of providing sub-micrometer resolution and being quasi non-destructive to the beam. Nano-fabricated wire-scanners with a free-standing design (***) and a sub-micrometer resolution (****) has been already successfully tested. In the present work, innovative nano-fabricated wire-scanners joining both features of a free-standing design and sub-micrometer resolution are presented. Experimental tests carried out at SwissFEL demonstrated the capability of such innovative wire-scanner solutions to resolve transverse profiles of the electron beams with a size of 400-500 nm without incurring in any resolution limit constraint and with a minimal beam perturbation. An overview on current status and results along with future developments of these nano-fabricated wire-scanners are here presented.
Experimental Superposition of Orders of Quantum Gates (2014)

In a quantum computer, creating superpositions of quantum bits (qubits) in different states can lead to a speed-up over classical computers [1], but quantum mechanics also allows for the superposition of quantum circuits [2]. In fact, it has recently been theoretically predicted that superimposing quantum circuits, each with a different gate order, could provide quantum computers with an even further computational advantage [3-5]. Here, we experimentally demonstrate this enhancement by applying two quantum gates in a superposition of both possible orders to determine whether the two gates commute or anti-commute. We are able to make this determination with only a single use (or query) of each gate, while all quantum circuits with a fixed order of gates would require at least two uses of one of the gates [3]. Remarkably, when the problem is scaled to N gates, creating a superposition of quantum circuits is likely to provide an exponential advantage over classical algorithms, and a linear advantage over quantum algorithms with fixed gate order [4]. The new resource that we exploit in our experiment can be interpreted as a "superposition of causal orders". We demonstrate such a superposition could allow some quantum algorithms to be implemented with an efficiency that is unlikely to be achieved on a quantum computer with a fixed gate order.
In Vivo Persistence of Human Rhinoviruses in Immunosuppressed Patients (2017)

Several species of the genus Enterovirus cause persistent infections in humans. Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are generally self-limiting but occasionally persistent infections have been described. This study aimed to identify persistent HRV infections and investigate the clinical and virologic characteristics of patients with persistent infections. From January 2012 to March 2015, 3714 respiratory specimens from 2608 patients were tested for respiratory viruses by using a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A retrospective study was performed. Patients with at least two specimens positive for HRV/enterovirus taken 45 days or longer apart were identified and the HRV/enteroviruses were typed. Patients with persistent infection were compared to patients with reinfection and patients with cleared infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein(VP)4/VP2 region was performed. 18 patients with persistent HRV/enterovirus infection were identified. Minimum median duration of persistence was 92 days (range 50-455 days). All but one patients with persistence were immunosuppressed. Immunosuppression and hematologic disorders were more frequent in patients with persistence (n = 18) than in patients with reinfection (n = 33) and with cleared infection (n = 25) (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, this retrospective study identified HRV persistence in vivo which occurred mainly in immunosuppressed patients.
Polyurethane heart valves: past, present and future (2011)

Replacement cardiac valves have been in use since the 1950s, and today represent the most widely used cardiovascular devices. One type of replacement cardiac valve, the polyurethane heart valve, has been around since the first stages of prosthesis development, and has made advances along with the development of biological and mechanical heart valves over the past 60 years. During this time, problems with durability and biocompatibility have held back polyurethane valves, but progress in materials and manufacturing techniques can lead the way to a brighter future for these devices and their huge potential. This article describes previous efforts to manufacture polyurethane heart valves, highlights the challenges of manufacturing and explains the factors influencing durability and successful functioning of such a device.
Association of ACEI/ARB and statin prescribing patterns with mortality after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Findings from real-world claims data (2022)

In this large-scale, real-world analysis of patients undergoing TAVR, the prescription of ACEI/ARB and statins was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality at 3-years, especially in those where the medications were initiated preoperatively.
Voltammetric Studies of the Mechanism of the Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Media at the Spinels Co3O4and NiCo2O4 (2016)

The mechanism of O2 reduction at the spinels, Co3O4 and NiCo2O4, in KOH electrolyte is probed using voltammetry at rotating disc and rotating ring-disc electrodes by examination of the rotation rate dependent limiting currents. The analysis shows that the products and mechanisms at the two spinels are quite different. At the cobalt spinel, a substantial amount of the 2e? reduction product, H2O2, is formed while at NiCo2O4 the 4e? reduction strongly predominates. In terms of both the overpotential for reduction and its limiting current density, the mixed spinel is a substantially better electrocatalyst. It is proposed that the differences arise from an enhanced rate of O-O bond cleavage early in the reduction process at NiCo2O4.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Altohyrtin C (Spongistatin 2): Fragment Assembly and Revision of the Spongistatin 2 Stereochemical Assignment (1997)

The first total synthesis of a spongipyran macrolide, altohyrtin C (spongistatin 2; see picture below), has been realized. The spongipyrans derived from marine sponges are among the most potent cytotoxic compounds yet isolated, and exhibit subnanomolar activities against a variety of human cancer cell lines. While the structures proposed for the independently isolated altohyrtins and spongistatins are largely homologous, they differ significantly with regard to internal stereochemical relationships. This discrepancy has been resolved by the total synthesis, which verifies the altohyrtin structural assignment and establishes the identity of altohyrtin C and the independently isolated spongistatin 2.
Secure M-PSK communication via directional modulation (2016)

In this work, a directional modulation-based technique is devised to enhance the security of a multi-antenna wireless communication system employing M-PSK modulation to convey information. The directional modulation method operates by steering the array beam in such a way that the phase of the received signal at the receiver matches that of the intended M-PSK symbol. Due to the difference between the channels of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, the signals received by the eavesdropper generally encompass a phase component different than the actual symbols. As a result, the transceiver which employs directional modulation can impose a high symbol error rate on the eavesdropper without requiring to know the eavesdropper's channel. The optimal directional modulation beamformer is designed to minimize the consumed power subject to satisfying a specific resulting phase and minimal signal amplitude at each antenna of the legitimate receiver. The simulation results show that the directional modulation results in a much higher symbol error rate at the eavesdropper compared to the conventional benchmark scheme, i.e., zero-forcing precoding at the transmitter.
Regioisomeric Non-Fullerene Acceptors Containing Fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Unit for Polymer Solar Cells (2017)

We designed and synthesized two isomeric nonfullerene acceptors, IFBR-p and IFBR-d. These molecular semiconductors contain indacenodithiophene (IDT) as the central unit, adjacent asymmetric 5-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole units, and are flanked with rhodanine as the peripheral units. The orientation of the two fluorine atoms (proximal, p, or distal, d), relative to IDT impacts most severely the film morphologies when blended with the electron-donating polymer PTzBI. Polymer solar cells based on PTzBI:IFBR-p give rise to a power conversion efficiency (7.3 ± 0.2%) that is higher than what is achieved with PTzBI:IFBR-d (5.2 ± 0.1%). This difference is attributed to the lower tendency for (over)crystallization by IFBR-p and the resulting more favorable morphology of the photoactive layer. These results highlight the subtle impact of substitution regiochemistry on the properties of nonfullerene acceptors through modulation of their self-assembly tendencies.
Discriminative Relational Topic Models (2014)

Relational topic models (RTMs) provide a probabilistic generative process to describe both the link structure and document contents for document networks, and they have shown promise on predicting network structures and discovering latent topic representations. However, existing RTMs have limitations in both the restricted model expressiveness and incapability of dealing with imbalanced network data. To expand the scope and improve the inference accuracy of RTMs, this paper presents three extensions: 1) unlike the common link likelihood with a diagonal weight matrix that allows the-same-topic interactions only, we generalize it to use a full weight matrix that captures all pairwise topic interactions and is applicable to asymmetric networks; 2) instead of doing standard Bayesian inference, we perform regularized Bayesian inference (RegBayes) with a regularization parameter to deal with the imbalanced link structure issue in real networks and improve the discriminative ability of learned latent representations; and 3) instead of doing variational approximation with strict mean-field assumptions, we present collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithms for the generalized relational topic models by exploring data augmentation without making restricting assumptions. Under the generic RegBayes framework, we carefully investigate two popular discriminative loss functions, namely, the logistic log-loss and the max-margin hinge loss. Experimental results on several real network datasets demonstrate the significance of these extensions on improving prediction performance.
P4–433: Therapeutically effective anti–prion protein monoclonal antibodies (2006)

Prion diseases are transmissible and invariably fatal, neurodegenerative disorders associated with a conformational transformation of the cellular prion protein PrPC (C–cellular) into a toxic and proteinase K (PK) resistant conformer, PrPSc (Sc–scrapie). Following extracerebral exposure, PrPSc replicates for months to years within the lymphatic system, where it is a potential target for therapeutic interventions, which do not require blood–brain–barrier penetration. Our own studies and those of others have demonstrated that passive immunization may significantly prolong the incubation period and even prevent disease in murine models of prionoses. Since only a minority of anti–PrP Mabs shows therapeutic activity, understanding how Mabs interfere with PrPSc formation and selecting these Mabs, which are therapeutically effective is crucial for the rationale design of passive immunization approaches for prion infection. Therapeutic efficacy of a large library of Mabs with epitopes that span the majority of structurally important domains of the PrP protein were tested in N2a murine neuroblastoma cells infected with the 22L mouse adapted scrapie strain. Tagging of Mabs with a fluorescent marker Cy3 allowed for real time tracking of their binding to PrPSc in infected cells. Three Mabs were found capable of complete and permanent abrogation of PrPSc from infected N2a cells: 6D11 (PrP residues 93–109; IC50=0.47±0.06μM), 7H6 (PrP residues 130–140; IC50=1.07±0.13μM) and 7A12 (PrP residues 143–155; IC50=2.35±0.34μM). In addition, 6D11 Mab was especially effective in preventing N2a cells from de novo infection. Fluorescently labeled Mabs were found to inhibit PrPSc formation both on the cell surface and after internalization in the cytosol. Treatment with Mabs was not associated with toxicity in infected N2a cells nor resulted in a decreased level of PrPC or other proteins. Preliminary animal studies demonstrated that administration of 6D11 Mab following prion inoculation reduced the accumulation of PrPSc in the lymphatic system. Results of our in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that anti–PrP Mabs constitute a potentially effective and safe therapeutic approach for preventing symptoms of prionoses following extracerebral exposure. Therapeutic effect of anti–PrP Mabs appears to be epitope dependent.