gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Humanized Anti-B-Cell Antibodies (Anti-CD22 and Anti-CD20) in Cynomolgus Monkeys (CM). (2005)

Abstract hLL2 (epratuzumab) and hA20 are humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing B-cell antigens, CD22 and CD20, respectively. CD22 and CD20 are expressed at all stages of B-cell development, except progenitor stem cells and plasma cells. Both hLL2 and hA20 have shown promising clinical activity in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). Further, hLL2 has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome. Here, we discuss preclinical toxicology studies and compare the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of hA20 and hLL2 in CD20/CD22-crossrecative CM. For hLL2, we performed two toxicology studies. In the first 14-Day tolerability study, CM received hLL2 as two intravenous (IV) infusions at 0 (vehicle), 10, 60 and 160 mg/kg given one week apart, followed by necropsy on Day 14. In a second 6-month PK/PD study, hLL2 was administered in 2 cycles of 4-weekly infusions, with a 1-month treatment-free period between cycles followed by necropsy at the end of the second cycle. For hA20, CM received 4-weekly infusions of hA20 at 0 (vehicle), 8, 24, 80, and 240 mg/kg-doses and were either sacrificed 1 week after the last infusion or followed for recovery. Both hA20 and hLL2 were well tolerated. There were no drug-related clinical signs or changes in body weight, food intake, ophthalmic condition, EKG, blood pressure, and standard hematology, serum chemistry, coagulation or urinalysis parameters. Also, there were no changes in organ weights, gross necropsy, or histopathology findings. For hLL2, PD indicated a mean reduction from baseline for all B-lymphocytes (CD20+B-cells, or activated CD20+HLA-DR+ and CD20+CD27+ B-cells) of approximately 30–50%, starting on Day 3 in both studies, with no apparent dose-response. In the cyclical regimen study, this effect continued through Day 113 (day after the end of 2nd cycle). In contrast, for hA20, almost 85–95% B cell depletion was observed in all treatment groups on Day 6 and there was a trend towards dose-related depletion. Both hLL2 and hA20 had little discernable effect on T cell subsets, monocytes, or plasma cells. hLL2 and hA20 had a t1/2 of 3–5 days after the first infusion, and hLL2 had a t1/2 of 6–7 days after the fourth infusion. There was no significant difference between PK of hLL2 after the first and second cycles. With regard to immunogenicity, primate antibodies to either hA20 or hLL2 were not detected. In conclusion, hA20 demonstrates significantly higher B-cell depletion, similar to Rituximab, compared to hLL2 in CM. Clinical results obtained with hLL2 as well as studies of in vitro mechanism of action suggest that partial B-cell modulation by hLL2 in autoimmune diseases may provide benefit, and may function by different mechanisms than B-cell depletion related to hA20. In NHL, combined therapy of CD20 and CD22 may be more effective than single-MAb treatment, as has been suggested clinically.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis tatB and tatC Mutants Are Impaired in Caco-2 Cell Invasion In Vitro and Show Reduced Systemic Spread in Chickens (2010)

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is a leading causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. This pathogen also colonizes the intestinal tracts of poultry and can spread systemically in chickens. Transfer to humans usually occurs through undercooked or improperly handled poultry meat or eggs. The bacterial twin-arginine transport (Tat) pathway is responsible for the translocation of folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. In order to study the role of the Tat system in the infection and colonization of chickens by Salmonella Enteritidis, we constructed chromosomal deletion mutants of the tatB and tatC genes, which are essential components of the Tat translocon. We observed that the tat mutations affected bacterial cell morphology, motility, and sensitivity to albomycin, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and EDTA. In addition, the mutant strains showed reduced invasion of polarized Caco-2 cells. The wild-type phenotype was restored in all our Salmonella Enteritidis tat mutants by introducing episomal copies of the tatABC genes. When tested in chickens by use of a Salmonella Enteritidis Delta tatB strain, the Tat system inactivation did not substantially affect cecal colonization, but it delayed systemic infection. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the Tat system plays a role in Salmonella Enteritidis pathogenesis.
Patterning of Thick Parylene Films by Oxygen Plasma for Application as Exploding Foil Initiator Flyer Material (2009)

Abstract : Parylene is an attractive flyer material for the exploding foil initiator due to its superior conformal step coverage and inert properties. A process for patterning thick films of Parylene using a thin metal masking layer and oxygen plasma has been developed. Gold and titanium have been compared as masking materials on the basis of masking quality and compatibility with existing processes. Etch rate, directionality, and minimum feature size have been approximated for isotropic and anisotropic oxygen plasma etch recipes. Remaining obstacles to process integration are discussed.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Annual Autumn Meeting of the Working Group of German-speaking Audiologists, Neurotologists and Otologists (ADANO) 2018 in Heidelberg/Germany (2020)

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE 2018 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WORKING GROUP OF GERMAN-SPEAKING AUDIOLOGISTS, NEUROTOLOGISTS AND OTOLOGISTS (ADANO) IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
Crystal structure of prostaglandin F2αsynthase fromLeshmania major (2005)

Trypanosoma brucei prostaglandin (PG) F 2 synthase (TbPGFS), an aldo-keto reductase, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the endoperoxide moiety of PGH 2 to PGF 2 . The overproduction of PGF 2 during trypanosomasis causes miscarriage in infected subjects.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Combination Drug Scheduling Defines a “Window of Opportunity” for Chemopotentiation of Gemcitabine by an Orally Bioavailable, Selective ChK1 Inhibitor, GNE-900 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representative data from enzyme assays evaluating the relative potency of GNE-900 against ChK1 or ChK2.&lt;/p&gt;
Radio Frequency Polyphase Filter Design in 0.13-µm CMOS for Wireless Communications (2007)

International audience
On-chip microbial culture for the specific detection of very low levels of bacteria (2013)

Microbial culture continues to be the most common protocol for bacterial detection and identification in medicine and agronomics. Using this process may take days to identify a specific pathogen for most bacterial strains. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) detection is an emerging alternative technology that can be used for the detection of bacteria using protein microarrays although typical limits of detection are in the range of 10(3)-10(6) cfu mL(-1), which is not compatible with most Food Safety regulation requirements. In this work, we combine concomitant "on-chip" microbial culture with sensitive SPR detection of bacteria thus allowing rapid specific detection of bacteria pathogens - including Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli O157:H7 - cultured on a protein microarray. This Culture-Capture-Measure (CCM) approach significantly decreases both the number of processing steps and the overall assay time for bacterial detection. Signal analysis of SPR responses allowed the fast and quantitative assessment of bacterial concentrations initially present in the sample as low as 2.8 ± 19.6 cfu per milliliter. Altogether, our results show how simple, easy-to-operate, fluidic-less and lo-tec microarrays can be used with unprocessed samples and yield - in a single assay - both qualitative and quantitative information regarding bacterial contamination.
Structure of human spermine oxidase in complex with a highly selective allosteric inhibitor (2022)

Human spermine oxidase (hSMOX) plays a central role in polyamine catabolism. Due to its association with several pathological processes, including inflammation and cancer, hSMOX has garnered interest as a possible therapeutic target. Therefore, determination of the structure of hSMOX is an important step to enable drug discovery and validate hSMOX as a drug target. Using insights from hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we engineered a hSMOX construct to obtain the first crystal structure of hSMOX bound to the known polyamine oxidase inhibitor MDL72527 at 2.4 Å resolution. While the overall fold of hSMOX is similar to its homolog, murine N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (mPAOX), the two structures contain significant differences, notably in their substrate-binding domains and active site pockets. Subsequently, we employed a sensitive biochemical assay to conduct a high-throughput screen that identified a potent and selective hSMOX inhibitor, JNJ-1289. The co-crystal structure of hSMOX with JNJ-1289 was determined at 2.1 Å resolution, revealing that JNJ-1289 binds to an allosteric site, providing JNJ-1289 with a high degree of selectivity towards hSMOX. These results provide crucial insights into understanding the substrate specificity and enzymatic mechanism of hSMOX, and for the design of highly selective inhibitors.
Preparation of Ordered Nanohole Arrays with High Aspect Ratios by Anodization of Prepatterned 304 Stainless Steel (2022)

A nanohole array structure with a regular array of cylindrical holes of a high aspect ratio with a period of 63 nm can be obtained by anodizing 304 stainless steel with a concave pattern. It was shown that matching the concave period to the anodization voltage is important to achieving the fabrication of nanohole arrays with a high aspect ratio. This is because the interhole distance of anodic porous oxide obtained by the anodization of 304 stainless steel in ethylene glycol containing 0.1 M ammonium fluoride depends on the anodization voltage. By optimizing the fabrication conditions, it was possible to fabricate highly ordered nanohole arrays with aspect ratios exceeding 100. The nanohole arrays obtained in this study are promising as key materials for fabricating various functional devices.
Protection mechanisms of the iron-plated armor of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent gastropod (2010)

Biological exoskeletons, in particular those with unusually robust and multifunctional properties, hold enormous potential for the development of improved load-bearing and protective engineering materials. Here, we report new materials and mechanical design principles of the iron-plated multilayered structure of the natural armor of Crysomallon squamiferum, a recently discovered gastropod mollusc from the Kairei Indian hydrothermal vent field, which is unlike any other known natural or synthetic engineered armor. We have determined through nanoscale experiments and computational simulations of a predatory attack that the specific combination of different materials, microstructures, interfacial geometries, gradation, and layering are advantageous for penetration resistance, energy dissipation, mitigation of fracture and crack arrest, reduction of back deflections, and resistance to bending and tensile loads. The structure-property-performance relationships described are expected to be of technological interest for a variety of civilian and defense applications.
Differential power processing architecture for increased energy production and reliability of photovoltaic systems (2012)

Conventional energy conversion architectures in photovoltaic (PV) systems are often forced to trade off conversion efficiency and power production. This paper introduces a power processing architecture that enables each PV element to operate at its maximum power point (MPP) while only processing a small fraction of the total power produced. This is accomplished by providing only the mismatch in the MPP current of a set of series-connected PV elements. The differential power processing architecture increases overall conversion efficiency and overcomes the challenges of unmatched MPPs (due to partial shading, damage, manufacturing tolerances, etc.). Local control of the differential converters enables distributed protection and monitoring. The reliability analysis included in this paper shows significantly increased overall system reliability. Simulation and experimental results are included to demonstrate the benefits of this approach.
[Ethical aspects of human cloning for therapeutic purposes and the use of embryonal stem cells]. (2000)

Embryo definition is without any ambiguity: it consists in a stage of development able to give rise to an autonomous organism. In this sense, it is obvious that human embryos could be produced by cloning. If the therapeutic prospects of therapeutic cloning are confirmed, there will be a tension between two ethical logics: to respect human embryos as possible persons ... and to improve the condition of severely affected patients. Whatever the definitive solution, its moral significance should be denied. In contrast, it seems possible to use spare embryons for selected research without considering them only as things.
THE EFFECT OF A COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM ON DRIVERS' BRAKING RESPONSES (1994)

The present experiment was carried out in the BRIMMI project, part of the EUREKA PROMETHEUS program, and investigated drivers' braking responses when equipped with an experimental collision avoidance system (CAS). The effects of two particular factors on the driver's braking point in a collision situation were tested. These were the timing of Time-To-Collision (TTC) warnings and the speeds of a following vehicle and target vehicle. Subjects were seated in a stationary vehicle and viewed driving scenes projected onto a large screen. A graded 'traffic light' display was used, in which the number and color bars changed from green to amber to red with decreasing time headway. An auditory warning was also presented as the first red bar appeared. Subjects were required to operate the brake pedal to indicate the last moment at which braking must commence in order to avoid collision with the vehicle shown on the video. The timing of the CAS warning was varied across clips, appearing at a TTC of 3, 4 or 5 seconds. Results showed that braking behavior could be influenced by the presence of a CAS, in that subjects tended to brake earlier when presented with earlier warnings.
Highly selective halogenation of unactivated C(sp3)–H with NaX under co-catalysis of visible light and Ag@AgX (2018)

The direct selective halogenation of unactivated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H bonds into C-halogen bonds was achieved using a nano Ag/AgCl catalyst at RT under visible light or LED irradiation in the presence of an aqueous solution of NaX/HX as a halide source, in air.
Thunderstorms: An Important Mechanism in the Transport of Air Pollutants (1987)

Acid deposition and photochemical smog are urban air pollution problems, and they remain localized as long as the sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon pollutants are confined to the lower troposphere (below about 1-kilometer altitude) where they are short-lived. If, however, the contaminants are rapidly transported to the upper troposphere, then their atmospheric residence times grow and their range of influence expands dramatically. Although this vertical transport ameliorates some of the effects of acid rain by diluting atmospheric acids, it exacerbates global tropospheric ozone production by redistributing the necessary nitrogen catalysts. Results of recent computer simulations suggest that thunderstorms are one means of rapid vertical transport. To test this hypothesis, several research aircraft near a midwestern thunderstrom measured carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, ozone, and reactive nitrogen compounds. Their concentrations were much greater in the outflow region of the storm, up to 11 kilometers in altitude, than in surrounding air. Trace gas measurements can thus be used to track the motion of air in and around a cloud. Thunderstorms may transform local air pollution problems into regional or global atmospheric chemistry problems.
Seeded growth of ferrite nanoparticles from Mn oxides: observation of anomalies in magnetic transitions (2015)

Rich magnetism was observed in a series of magnetic nanoparticles prepared by seeded growth from Mn oxide nanoparticles.
Limits of nano-gate fabrication (1991)

The authors review the limits of nanometer-scale gate electrode (nano-gate) fabrication. The technology to fabricate nano-gates has become increasingly important in recent years as the scaling limits of conventional electronic devices and the quantum effects of novel devices are investigated. Consistent with the technology used to fabricate virtually all of the smallest devices to date, the emphasis is on the resolution limits of electron beam lithography and associated ultrahigh resolution resists. Recent results of directly patterning SiO/sub 2/ with nanometer-scale resolution by e-beam exposure through a sacrificial layer are also presented. Because the high resistance normally associated with nanometer-scale electrodes seriously limits the performance of high-frequency devices, various techniques to reduce the gate resistance are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1976 (1977)

Abstract Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Deiicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spray gun from a truckmounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump on June 24, June 30, and July 15 to all plots except those treated with Sumithion and Vydate “L”. The Sumithion plot listed first in Tables 1 and 2 received only one spray on June 24 and the second Sumithion plot received the first and second sprays on June 24 and June 30. The Vydate “L” treatment was applied on June 24, June 30, July 8, July 15, and July 26. General purpose sprays of 1.5 lb captan 50W, 0.25 lb Guthion 50W, and 1 lb Sevin 50W/100 gallons dilute were applied at ca. intervals of 2 weeks throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 57.74° F, June 71.30° F, July 70.09° F, August 67.92° F, and September 62.78° F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 5 . 6 8 , June 2 . 6 3 , July 4 . 8 6 , August 2 . 6 2 , and September 4 . 4 9 . Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite, twospotted spider mite, and A . fallacis was evaluated by making several counts of mites on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment.
Where is the Surgical Education of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents Headed? (2015)

OBJECTIVE: The Accreditation Committee of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has provided a minimum threshold for various procedures. The Review Committee specifically states that these cutoffs are not to be used as a surrogate for measuring individual residents' achievement of competency. In light of fewer hysterectomies being performed nationally and recent restrictions placed on resident duty-hours, we predict less resident exposure to hysterectomy cases during their postgraduate training. METHODS: Obstetrics and gynecology residents completing a total of 4 postgraduate years between 2001 and 2011 were eligible to be included in the study. Current Procedural Terminology codes were scanned for hysterectomy codes. These numbers were then compared with the corresponding residents' ACGME case logs for validity. The primary outcome evaluated was the total mean number of hysterectomies performed by graduating residents. Secondary outcomes included the mean number of abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal hysterectomies performed by graduating residents. RESULTS: N=46 residents over an 11-year study period. Graduation year, number of residents, and duty hour restrictions (no restriction 2002–2003 compared with restrictions 2004–2011) were possible predictors in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Residents completed an average of 191 (standard deviation [SD] 12.2) hysterectomies in 2001 compared with 81 (SD 10.9) in 2011 (P<.001). Before duty hour restrictions, residents performed a mean of 218.5 (SD 40.2) hysterectomies compared with a mean of 131.3 (SD 41.9) following implementation of duty hour restrictions (P<.001). CONCLUSION: In multivariate analysis, graduation year was the only statistically significant and independent predictor of hysterectomy cases completed during obstetrics and gynecology residency.
Design of planar resonators on flexible substrate for chipless tags intended for crack sensing (2015)

At the moment, the most popular information encoding technique is based on the generation of a particular signature in the spectrum of the backscattered signal. Chipless tags which rely on spectral signature encode data by using resonant structures working as band rejection filters, designed to resonate at defined frequencies. In this paper, a parametric study of different layouts of spiral resonator coupled to a transmission line and band rejection filters on flexible substrate, namely a 100 um thick PET substrate, operating in the 2-4 GHz band is firstly performed with the aim of designing a chipless tag working either as identifier or sensor. The design has been carried out by means of an electromagnetic CAD, and the performance of the proposed structures has been evaluated by the analysis of the respective S-parameters. Then, a proof of concept of a novel passive, wireless and chipless crack sensor has been introduced as practical example.
Internally Referenced Remote Sensors for HF and Cl2 Using Reactive Porous Silicon Photonic Crystals (2011)

Abstract Remote detection of reactive analytes using optical films constructed from electrochemically prepared porous Si‐based photonic crystals is demonstrated. Porous Si samples are prepared to contain either surface oxide or surface Si‐H species, and analyte detection is based on irreversible reactions with HF (aq) or Cl 2(g) analytes, respectively. HF dissolves silicon oxide from the porous matrix, causing an irreversible blue‐shift in the resonance peak of the photonic crystal. Cl 2 reacts with the native Si‐H species present on the surface of as‐etched porous Si to generate reactive silicon halides that evaporate from the surface and/or react with air to convert to silicon oxide. Either Cl 2 ‐related process reduces the net refractive index of the material that is detected as a blue shift in the spectrum. With sufficient analyte concentrations or exposure times, the spectral blue shifts are visible to the unaided eye. A portion of the porous nanostructure is filled with inert polystyrene, which acts as an internal spectral reference. The polymer fiducial protects that portion of the sensor from attack by the corrosive analytes. Reflectance spectra from both the polymer‐filled and the unfilled, reactive porous layers are acquired simultaneously. The fiducial marker also allows elimination of artifacts associated with shifts of the resonance peak upon changing the angle of incidence of the optical probe. Theoretical angle‐resolved spectra (transfer matrix method) show a good match with the experimental data. High‐temperature air or room‐temperature ozone oxidation reactions are used to prepare the HF‐reactive surface, and it is found that the ozone oxidation reaction produces a greater sensitivity to HF (LLOD of 0.1% HF in water).