gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Thermal Destruction of Anthracene Vapor upon Laser Irradiation at 248 nm in the 150−800 °C Range (1996)

The present work is part of a feasibility study to investigate the excimer laser photon-assisted thermal decompn. of anthracene at 248 nm. The principle is to combine UV photons of an appropriate light source and heat in an incinerating reactor at modest temps. for a more efficient decompn. of hydrocarbons in general. We have achieved a destruction enhancement factor of approx. a factor of 1000 at 750 Deg in the photon-assisted thermal compared to the pure thermal decompn. at a modest laser power d. of 13 mW/cm2. By varying the laser power d. at 600 Deg we obtained photoenhanced destruction factors of approx. 4000 at 54 mW/cm2. The quantum yield for the photon-assisted thermal decompn. of anthracene slightly increases with temp. in the range from 450-750 Deg. However, we note complications in our exptl. arrangement in that the photoenhancement falls off at higher laser power. Levels of destruction in the ppb range seem possible at moderate temps. of less than 900 Deg and gas phase residence times of a few seconds.
Intracranial Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Attenuates Cognitive and Peripheral Metabolic Dysfunctions in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (2018)

Intracranial islet transplantation attenuates cognitive decline and peripheral metabolic dysfunctions providing a novel therapeutic approach for sporadic AD associated with peripheral metabolic dysfunctions.
Dynamics of Ultrathin Films in the Glassy State (2005)

We report hole growth experiments in free-standing polystyrene (PS) films at temperatures up to 10 degrees C below the bulk glass transition. The data show an unexpected result: the growth rate of nucleated holes increases with increasing molecular weight, up to a limiting value beyond which the rate is approximately constant. Film thicknesses of 45, 80, and 100 nm were studied, using PS molecular weights ranging from 65K to 11.4 Mg/mol. Hole diameters grew linearly with time, and no growing rims were observed to form around the developing holes. Possible explanations in terms of elasticity, yield, and influence of sample preparation and confinement effects are discussed.
Intravascular Ultrasound for Intracranial Angioplasty and Stent Placement: Technical Case Report (2006)

IVUS of the intracranial circulation may assist the performance of intracranial angioplasty and stenting. It provides useful information that can affect clinical decisions. It may prove to be a valuable tool in clinical use and enhance our understanding of vascular disease of the intracranial circulation, as it has in the coronary circulation.
Comparison of capillary and venous blood for malaria detection using two PCR based assays in febrile patients in Sierra Leone. (2020)

Abstract Background. Malaria parasites infect over 200 million people and cause more than 400,000 deaths each year. Rapid and sensitive diagnostics are critical tools for clinical case management and public health control efforts. Both capillary and venous blood are currently used for malaria detection and while diagnostic technologies may not be equally sensitive with both materials, the published data on this subject are scarce and not conclusive. Methods. Paired clinical samples of venous and capillary blood from 141 febrile individuals in Bo, Sierra Leone, were obtained between January and May 2019 and tested for the presence of Plasmodium parasites using two multiplexed PCR assays: the FilmArray-based Global Fever Panel (GFP) and the TaqMan-based Malaria Multiplex Sample Ready (MMSR) assay. Results. We observed no significant differences in Plasmodium parasite detection between capillary and venous blood for both assays. The GFP assay was more sensitive than MMSR for all markers that could be compared ( Plasmodium spp. and P. falciparum ) in both venous and capillary blood. Conclusions . No difference was found in malaria detection between venous and capillary blood using two different PCR-based detection assays. This data gives support for use of capillary blood, a material which can be obtained easier by less invasive methods, for PCR-based malaria diagnostics, independent of the platform.
Revisiting the storage stack in virtualized NAS environments (2011)

Cloud architectures are moving away from a traditional data center design with SAN and NAS attached storage to a more flexible solution based on virtual machines with NAS attached storage. While VM storage based on NAS is ideal to meet the high scale, low cost, and manageability requirements of the cloud, it significantly alters the I/O profile for which NAS storage is designed. In this paper, we explore the storage stack in a virtualized NAS environment and highlight corresponding performance implications.
Picosecond Cross-Phase Modulation in Silicon Photonic Wire Waveguides (2006)

We demonstrate strong cross-phase modulation in Si photonic wire waveguides using picosecond pulses. The tight optical confinement of wire waveguides enhances the nonlinearity, allowing a scheme for all-optical control of optical pulses.
A First-Principle Analysis of Ethylene Chemisorption on Copper Chloride Clusters (2001)

Ethylene chemisorption on model copper chloride [CuxCly, CuxCly(OH)z] and supported copper chloride [CuxCly(OH)z/Alr(OH)s] clusters was examined using spin-polarized gradient corrected density functional theory. Both the mode and the energy of ethylene chemisorption are affected by the oxidation state, the coordination number, and the ligand field at the Cu center. In addition, the specific location of the vacant site (atop vs in-plane), adsorbate orientation, and support interactions were also found to be important in dictating the strength of the bond between ethylene and Cu. Ethylene weakly physisorbs atop a central Cu atom, in an axial ligand position, with an energy of less than 2 kcal/mol on the fully saturated Cu2+ adsorption site. The more favorable adsorption state is one which contains a defect site within the CuxCly plane. Ethylene strongly chemisorbs at this site, with its CC bond oriented perpendicular to the CuxCly plane, with an energy of −18.7 kcal/mol. Two intermediate states also exist whereby ethylene chemisorbs less strongly, at −9.3 and −10.9 kcal/mol. These energies are consistent with the ethylene physisorption and chemisorption states reported experimentally at −2.3, −10.3, and −17.5 (to −19.8) kcal/mol.29 The interaction between ethylene and copper follows the classic Dewer−Chatt donation/back-donation model. Hydroxyl ligands at the Cu center act as trans-directing agents for ethylene chemisorption. They increase the binding energy of ethylene if they sit trans to ethylene; otherwise, they weaken the interaction between Cu and ethylene. These interactions are, in general, on the order of 5 kcal/mol. The interaction of the CuxCly complex with the alumina support strongly depends on the nature of the ligands that anchor the cluster to the support. Bridging oxygen atoms form a much stronger bond between the CuxCly complex and the support than the bonds formed by Cl or OH bridges. The alumina support increases the negative charge on the bridging oxygen species, which in turn increases the positive charge on the Cu center. This leads to an increase in the binding energies of the supported Cu centers over the unsupported centers of 3−5 kcal/mol.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors in Melanoma Models (2017)

Only a handful of therapies offer significant improvement in the overall survival in cases of melanoma, a cancer whose incidence has continued to rise in the past 30 years. In our effort to identify potent and isoform-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to melanoma, a series of new HDAC6 inhibitors based on the nexturastat A scaffold were prepared. The new analogues <b>4d</b>, <b>4e</b>, and <b>7b</b> bearing added hydrophilic substituents, so as to establish additional hydrogen bonding on the rim of the HDAC6 catalytic pocket, exhibit improved potency against HDAC6 and retain selectivity over HDAC1. Compound <b>4d</b> exhibits antiproliferative effects on several types of melanoma and lymphoma cells. Further studies indicates that <b>4d</b> selectively increases acetylated tubulin levels <i>in vitro</i> and elicits an immune response through down-regulating cytokine IL-10. A preliminary <i>in vivo</i> efficacy study indicates that <b>4d</b> possesses improved capability to inhibit melanoma tumor growth and that this effect is based on the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses.
Folated pH-degradable nanogels for the simultaneous delivery of docetaxel and an IDO1-inhibitor in enhancing cancer chemo-immunotherapy (2019)

Combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy has been considered as an attractive approach to improve cancer therapy. Here we prepared folated PVA-based nanogels for the simultaneous delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor NLG919 (N9) for enhancing cancer chemo-immunotherapy. FDA-approved poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with good biocompatibility was modified with vinyl ether acrylate (VEA) groups for UV-crosslinking and acidic degradation. Carboxyl groups were introduced via modification with succinic anhydride for improved drug loading and folic acid (FA) ligands were incorporated for tumor targeting. UV-crosslinked folated PVA nanogels were efficiently taken up by tumor cells followed by endo/lysosomal pH-triggered intracellular drug release, which induced significant cytotoxicity towards 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. DTX and N9 co-loaded PVA nanogels exhibited a much higher antitumor efficiency in 4T1 mouse breast cancer models in vivo as compared to the free drug controls. The drug-laden nanogels not only directly killed the tumor cells by DTX, but also induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) promoting intratumoral accumulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and further combining with N9 elevated the intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells and NK cells and inhibited the infiltration of MDSCs, downregulating IDO1-mediated immunosuppression.
Skin tissue regeneration for burn injury (2019)

The skin is the largest organ of the body, which meets the environment most directly. Thus, the skin is vulnerable to various damages, particularly burn injury. Skin wound healing is a serious interaction between cell types, cytokines, mediators, the neurovascular system, and matrix remodeling. Tissue regeneration technology remarkably enhances skin repair via re-epidermalization, epidermal-stromal cell interactions, angiogenesis, and inhabitation of hypertrophic scars and keloids. The success rates of skin healing for burn injuries have significantly increased with the use of various skin substitutes. In this review, we discuss skin replacement with cells, growth factors, scaffolds, or cell-seeded scaffolds for skin tissue reconstruction and also compare the high efficacy and cost-effectiveness of each therapy. We describe the essentials, achievements, and challenges of cell-based therapy in reducing scar formation and improving burn injury treatment.
Small molecule inhibitors and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis demonstrate that SMYD2 and SMYD3 activity are dispensable for autonomous cancer cell proliferation (2018)

A key challenge in the development of precision medicine is defining the phenotypic consequences of pharmacological modulation of specific target macromolecules. To address this issue, a variety of genetic, molecular and chemical tools can be used. All of these approaches can produce misleading results if the specificity of the tools is not well understood and the proper controls are not performed. In this paper we illustrate these general themes by providing detailed studies of small molecule inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of two members of the SMYD branch of the protein lysine methyltransferases, SMYD2 and SMYD3. We show that tool compounds as well as CRISPR/Cas9 fail to reproduce many of the cell proliferation findings associated with SMYD2 and SMYD3 inhibition previously obtained with RNAi based approaches and with early stage chemical probes.
In-Situ Compositional and Structural Analysis of Plastic Solar Cells (2002)

Bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells consisting of a photoactive layer of poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) and a C60 derivative, (1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-[6,6]-methanofullerene), (PCBM), sandwiched between an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode covered with poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and an aluminum cathode have been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryogenic Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) to assess the structural and elemental composition of these devices. TEM of cross sections of fully processed photovoltaic cells, prepared using a focused ion beam, provide a clear view of the individual layers and their interfaces. RBS shows that during preparation diffusion of indium into the PEDOT:PSS occurs while the diffusion of aluminum into the polymer layers is negligible. An iodinated C60 derivative (I-PCBM) was used to determine the concentration profile of this derivative in the vertical direction of a 100 nm active layer.
Smac is required for cytochrome c-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. (2002)

Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol has been identified as one of the central events of apoptosis. Direct injection of cytochrome c induces apoptosis in some but not in all cell types. We observed that LNCaP prostate cancer cells failed to undergo apoptosis induced by cytochrome c microinjections. Microinjection of cytochrome c with another mitochondrial protein, Smac, was sufficient to activate caspases, however. Smac is believed to function as a neutralizer of caspase inhibitors, and mass spectrometry analysis identified XIAP as a predominant Smac binding protein in LNCaP cells. These findings are consistent with a requirement for a release of Smac from mitochondria to enable caspase activation in prostate cells. Indeed, translocation of Smac from mitochondria to cytosol was observed in LNCaP cells that undergo apoptosis and was inhibited by epidermal growth factor, which is a survival factor for these cells. These results further emphasize the central role of mitochondria in the regulation of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and its application to lighting devices (2006)

Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is an emerging technology as one of the strong candidates for next generation solid state lighting with various advantages such as thin flat shape, no UV emission and environmental benefits. At this moment, OLED still has a lot of issues to be solved before widely used as lighting devices. Nonetheless, typical properties of OLED, such as efficiency and lifetime, have been recently made great progress. For example, a green phosphorescent OLED with over 100 lm/W and a red fluorescent OLED with an estimated half decay time of over 100,000 h at 1,000 cd/m<sup>2</sup> were reported. Large area, white OLEDs with long lifetime were also demonstrated. In this way, some of the issues are going to be steadily overcome. In this publication, we will present a phosphorescent white OLED with a high luminous efficiency of 46 lm/W and an external quantum efficiency of 20.6 percent observed at 100 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. This device achieves a luminous efficiency of 62.8 lm/W with a light-outcoupling film attached on the glass substrate. This is one of the highest values so far reported for white OLEDs. And we will also show a color-tunable stacked OLED with improved emission characteristics. This device minimizes a viewing angle dependence of the emission spectra and has color tunability from white to reddish-white. These technologies will be applied to OLED lighting.
Collective Effects in Charge Transfer within a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic System (2010)

A collective electron transfer (ET) process was discovered by studying the current noise in a field effect transistor with light-sensitive gate formed by nanocrystals linked by organic molecules to its surface. Fluctuations in the ET through the organic linker are reflected in the fluctuations of the transistor conductivity. The current noise has an avalanche character. Critical exponents obtained from the noise power spectra, avalanche distributions, and the dependence of the average avalanche size on avalanche duration are consistent with each other. A plausible model is proposed for this phenomenon.
Auto-Calibrated Dynamic Parallel MRI with Phase-Sensitive Data (2006)

A number of MRI applications rely on dynamic phase information embedded in the acquired images. Such applications often require multiple acquisitions, leading to possibly long scan time and low temporal resolution. Previously, SENSE method has been used for phase-sensitive data to shorten acquisition time. However, SENSE can be subject to artifacts due to inaccurate coil sensitivities and low SNR. In this paper, dynamic phase data are derived from self-calibrated parallel MRI and an optimal method is used to combine phase information from multiple receiver channels. Simulation results using 4-channel prostate imaging data show that it is possible to get a factor of 3 speedup and the new method is more accurate than the SENSE method in reconstructing the phase information, thus has potential to improve phase-sensitive MRI applications such as phase contrast velocity mapping, temperature mapping for thermal therapy, and Dixon water/fat imaging
Autotaxin and LPA1 and LPA5 Receptors Exert Disparate Functions in Tumor Cells versus the Host Tissue Microenvironment in Melanoma Invasion and Metastasis (2014)

These findings suggest that tumor and stromal LPA receptors, in particular LPA1 and LPA5, play different roles in invasion and the seeding of metastasis.
Higher Order Spline Highly Adaptive Lasso Estimators of Functional Parameters: Pointwise Asymptotic Normality and Uniform Convergence Rates (2023)

We consider estimation of a functional of the data distribution based on i.i.d. observations. We assume the target function can be defined as the minimizer of the expectation of a loss function over a class of $d$-variate real valued cadlag functions that have finite sectional variation norm. For all $k=0,1,\ldots$, we define a $k$-th order smoothness class of functions as $d$-variate functions on the unit cube for which each of a sequentially defined $k$-th order Radon-Nikodym derivative w.r.t. Lebesgue measure is cadlag and of bounded variation. For a target function in this $k$-th order smoothness class we provide a representation of the target function as an infinite linear combination of tensor products of $\leq k$-th order spline basis functions indexed by a knot-point, where the lower (than $k$) order spline basis functions are used to represent the function at the $0$-edges. The $L_1$-norm of the coefficients represents the sum of the variation norms across all the $k$-th order derivatives, which is called the $k$-th order sectional variation norm of the target function. This generalizes the zero order spline representation of cadlag functions with bounded sectional variation norm to higher order smoothness classes. We use this $k$-th order spline representation of a function to define the $k$-th order spline sieve minimum loss estimator (MLE), Highly Adaptive Lasso (HAL) MLE, and Relax HAL-MLE. For first and higher order smoothness classes, in this article we analyze these three classes of estimators and establish pointwise asymptotic normality and uniform convergence at dimension free rate $n^{-k^*/(2k^*+1)}$ up till a power of $\log n$ depending on the dimension, where $k^*=k+1$, assuming appropriate undersmoothing is used in selecting the $L_1$-norm. We also establish asymptotic linearity of plug-in estimators of pathwise differentiable features of the target function.
Reduced Dilatory Capacityof Brainstem Parenchymal Arteries of Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2015)

Our recent data suggest that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show reduced functional hyperemia and impaired relaxation of vertebral and basilar arteries. Here, using brainstem slices from pre‐hypertensive SHR (PHSHR, P21‐P30), young hypertensive SHR (YHSHR, P45‐P70) and age‐matched normotensive Wistar rats, we compared vascular dilatory capacity of both pial and penetrating parenchymal arterioles. Changes in vascular diameter in response to application of vasodilator agents, adenosine (1‐10 µM) and sodium nitroprusside (1‐10 µM), were assessed after pre‐constriction with a thromboxane agonist (U46619 70 nM). In PHSHR and aged‐matched Wistar rats, treatment with U46619 constricted parenchymal arterioles to 82±7% and 88±2% of their resting diameters: 15±3μm and 16±2μm, respectively. These responses remained unchanged in YHSHR and their aged‐matched controls. Adenosine reversed the U46619‐induced vasoconstriction by 24% and 30% in PHSHR and Wistar controls, respectively. In contrast, adenosine failed to reduce vasoconstriction in YHSHR, although its vasodilator efficiency in aged‐matched Wistar rats remained unaltered. Likewise, superfusion with sodium nitroprusside reduced the U46619‐induced vasoconstriction in penetrating arterioles from PHSHR, but not YHSHR. Intriguingly, vasodilator efficiency of adenosine in pial arterioles of a similar size (21±4 μm) was preserved in YHSHR. These results suggest that the dilatory capacity of brainstem parenchymal arteries is reduced in YHSHR. Whether this contributes to neurogenic hypertension remains to be determined. The distinct responses of parenchymal versus pial arterioles in YHSHR suggest that the impaired dilatory reserve cannot be ascribed to increased blood pressure per se . BHF funded research.
Abundance of Soil-Borne Entomopathogenic Fungi in Organic and Conventional Fields in the Midwestern USA with an Emphasis on the Effect of Herbicides and Fungicides on Fungal Persistence (2015)

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are widespread in agricultural fields and help suppress crop pests. These natural enemies may be hindered by certain agronomic practices associated with conventional agriculture including the use of pesticides. We tested whether the abundance of EPF differed between organic and conventional fields, and whether specific cropping practices and soil properties were correlated with their abundance. In one year of the survey, soil from organic fields and accompanying margins had significantly more EPF than conventional fields and accompanying margins. Regression analysis revealed that the percentage of silt and the application of organic fertilizer were positively correlated with EPF abundance; but nitrogen concentration, tillage, conventional fields, and margins of conventional fields were negatively correlated with EPF abundance. A greenhouse experiment in which fungicides and herbicides were applied to the soil surface showed no significant effect on EPF. Though organic fields were perceived to be more suitable environments for EPF, abiotic factors and cropping practices such as tillage may have greater impacts on the abundance of EPF. Also, fungicides and herbicides may not be as toxic to soil-borne EPF as originally thought.
Mars round-trip mission analysis for the 1975- 1985 time period (1965)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.