gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manzamine Alkaloids (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Manzamine Alkaloids from Marine Sponges β-Carboline-containing Manzamine Alkaloids Manzamine A Type Manzamine B Type Manzamine C Type Other β-Carboline-containing Manzamines Ircinal-related Alkaloids Source and Large-scale Preparation of Manzamine Alkaloids Source of Manzamine Alkaloids Large-scale Preparation of Manzamines Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Separation of Manzamine Alkaloids Synthesis of Manzamine Alkaloids Total Synthesis of Manzamine A and Related Alkaloids Total Synthesis of Manzamine C Total Synthesis of Nakadomarin A Synthetic Studies of Manzamine Alkaloids Studies on Biomimetic Synthesis Synthesis of Manzamine Analogs Biological Activities of Manzamines Anticancer Activity Antimalarial Activity Antimicrobial and Antituberculosis Activity Miscellaneous Biological Activities Concluding Remarks
Duplexing, multiplexing, and multiple access: A comparative analysis for mesh networks (2008)

Wireless mesh networks have seen much attention in recent years, and are still a topic of much interest. These networks have application in tactical military systems as well as commercial systems. The question of which duplexing, multiplexing, and multiple access techniques are preferable for mesh networks is also a subject of some study, but this particular topic has seen surprisingly little attention. It appears that time-division, or ldquoburstedrdquo waveforms are currently favored in many systems. In this paper we provide a basic comparison of time, frequency, and time-frequency schemes, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also provide a straightforward analysis of network capacity, with results that indicate that time-frequency approaches may be superior to the other more commonly employed techniques in some cases, such as for long-range, high data rate networks.
Clustering of High Dimensional Longitudinal Imaging Data (2013)

In the study of brain disease processes and aging, longitudinal imaging studies are becoming increasingly commonplace. Indeed, there are hundreds of studies collecting multi-sequence multi-modality brain images at multiple time points on hundreds of subjects over many years. A fundamental problem in this context is how to classify subjects according to their baseline and longitudinal changes in the presence of strong spatio-temporal biological and technological measurement error. We propose a fast and scalable clustering approach by defining a metric between latent trajectories of brain images. Methods were motivated by and applied to a longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study of multiple sclerosis. Results indicate that there are two distinct patterns of ventricular change that are associated with clinical outcomes.
The benefit of being flexible in distributed computation (2017)

In wireless distributed computing, networked nodes perform intermediate computations over data placed in their memory and exchange these intermediate values to calculate function values. In this paper we consider an asymmetric setting where each node has access to a random subset of the data, i.e., we cannot control the data placement. The paper makes a simple point: we can realize significant benefits if we are allowed to be “flexible”, and decide which node computes which function, in our system. We make this argument in the case where each function depends on only two of the data messages, as is the case in similarity searches. We establish a percolation in the behaviour of the system, where, depending on the amount of observed data, by being flexible, we may need no communication at all.
Thermally Controllable Silicon Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavity without Surface Cladding for Sensing Applications (2015)

Photonic crystal nanobeam cavities with high-quality factors are very sensitive to the dielectric properties of their surroundings. Combining this high sensitivity with a specially designed heater, we experimentally demonstrate a very sensitive optical sensor, capable of simultaneously providing heat and interrogating the refractive index of its surroundings. The structure presents experimental sensitivity of 98 nm/RIU and signal-to-noise ratio of 3.88 × 10–4 RIU and provides approximately 100 °C of temperature variation in the sensing area, with a temperature switching time of a few microseconds.
Lenalidomide does not increase AML progression risk in RBC transfusion-dependent patients with Low- or Intermediate-1-risk MDS with del(5q): a comparative analysis (2012)

Data comparing long-term outcomes in lenalidomide-treated and untreated patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with del(5q) are limited. We evaluated clinical outcomes of 295 lenalidomide-treated patients from two clinical trials (MDS-003 and MDS-004) and 125 untreated red blood cell (RBC) transfusion-dependent patients with del(5q) Low- or Intermediate-1 (Int-1)-risk MDS from a large multicenter registry. Risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression and mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models with left truncation to adjust for study entry differences between cohorts. Baseline characteristics were well balanced across cohorts, except for a higher RBC transfusion burden in lenalidomide-treated patients (median, 6 vs 2 units/8 weeks). Median follow-up was 4.3 years from first dose for lenalidomide-treated patients and 4.6 years from diagnosis for untreated patients. Two-year cumulative AML progression incidences were 6.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3-13.9) and 12.1% (95% CI: 7.0-20.3) and 2-year overall survival (OS) probabilities were 89.9% (95% CI: 84.1-96.0) and 74.4% (95% CI: 66.1-83.7), respectively. AML progression risk was similar in both cohorts (hazard ratio (HR) 0.969, P=0.930); however, lenalidomide treatment was associated with significant improvement in survival (HR 0.597, P=0.012), after adjusting for all other covariates. In conclusion, lenalidomide treatment does not increase AML progression risk, but instead confers a possible survival benefit in RBC transfusion-dependent patients with del(5q) Low- or Int-1-risk MDS.
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐, Bis‐ and Tetra‐Acridine Ligands: Synthesis, X‐Ray Structural Determination and Dynamic Fluorescence. Microscopic Studies on the Modification of the Higher Order Structure of DNA. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polydimethylsiloxane containing isocyanate group-modified epoxy resin: Curing, characterization, and properties (1999)

A synthesized polydimethylsiloxane containing an isocyanate group was used to improve the flexibility and to reduce the internal stress of epoxy resin cured with MDA (4,4′-methylene dianiline). The effect of polysiloxane content on the curing kinetics of a novolac-type epoxy modified with an isocyanate group was investigated. It was found that the modified epoxy resin showed significant improvement in impact strength. The polysiloxane containing isocyanate groups effectively depressed the internal stress of cured epoxy resins by reducing the flexural modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion, while the glass transition temperature was increased. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2739–2747, 1999
A Passivity Framework for Modeling and Mitigating Wormhole Attacks on Networked Control Systems (2014)

Networked control systems consist of distributed sensors and actuators that communicate via a wireless network. The use of an open wireless medium and unattended deployment leaves these systems vulnerable to intelligent adversaries whose goal is to disrupt the system performance. In this paper, we study the wormhole attack on a networked control system, in which an adversary establishes a link between two geographically distant regions of the network by using either high-gain antennas, as in the out-of-band wormhole, or colluding network nodes as in the in-band wormhole. Wormholes allow the adversary to violate the timing constraints of real-time control systems by first creating low-latency links, which attract network traffic, and then delaying or dropping packets. Since the wormhole attack reroutes and replays valid messages, it cannot be detected using cryptographic mechanisms alone. We study the impact of the wormhole attack on the network flows and delays and introduce a passivity-based control-theoretic framework for modeling and mitigating the wormhole attack. We develop this framework for both the in-band and out-of-band wormhole attacks as well as complex, hereto-unreported wormhole attacks consisting of arbitrary combinations of in-and out-of band wormholes. By integrating existing mitigation strategies into our framework, we analyze the throughput, delay, and stability properties of the overall system. Through simulation study, we show that, by selectively dropping control packets, the wormhole attack can cause disturbances in the physical plant of a networked control system, and demonstrate that appropriate selection of detection parameters mitigates the disturbances due to the wormhole while satisfying the delay constraints of the physical system.
N-type organic thermoelectrics: demonstration of ZT > 0.3 (2020)

The 'phonon-glass electron-crystal' concept has triggered most of the progress that has been achieved in inorganic thermoelectrics in the past two decades. Organic thermoelectric materials, unlike their inorganic counterparts, exhibit molecular diversity, flexible mechanical properties and easy fabrication, and are mostly 'phonon glasses'. However, the thermoelectric performances of these organic materials are largely limited by low molecular order and they are therefore far from being 'electron crystals'. Here, we report a molecularly n-doped fullerene derivative with meticulous design of the side chain that approaches an organic 'PGEC' thermoelectric material. This thermoelectric material exhibits an excellent electrical conductivity of >10 S cm<sup>-1</sup> and an ultralow thermal conductivity of <0.1 Wm<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup>, leading to the best figure of merit ZT = 0.34 (at 120 °C) among all reported single-host n-type organic thermoelectric materials. The key factor to achieving the record performance is to use 'arm-shaped' double-triethylene-glycol-type side chains, which not only offer excellent doping efficiency (~60%) but also induce a disorder-to-order transition upon thermal annealing. This study illustrates the vast potential of organic semiconductors as thermoelectric materials.
Detection of Invasive Colon Cancer Using a Novel, Targeted, Library-Derived Fluorescent Peptide (2004)

Sensitive methods to detect the earliest forms of colorectal cancers remain a challenge despite the development of serum and stool biomarkers. We reasoned that fluorescent affinity ligands derived from library screens can be developed to improve the detection and localization of early malignant lesions by endoscopy. We have developed an imaging agent for real-time endoscopic tumor detection in a murine model using a previously identified phage library-derived colon cancer-specific cyclic peptide and fluorescent moieties. The modified peptide had a 24 minute blood half life and tumoral accumulation was 6.9% of injected dose/g, approximately 7-fold higher than a scrambled control peptide. Orthotopic colonic tumors (HT29) were readily detectable by fluorescence endoscopy even when tumors were submucosal. These results show proof-of-principle that disease-specific library-derived fluorescent probes can be rapidly developed for use in the early detection of cancers by optical means.
Polarization Analysis Of Optical Systems, II (1990)

Methods are presented for the interpretation of the polarization aberration of optical systems. The polarization properties of ray paths through optical systems are classified as diattenuating and/or retarding and as circular, linear, or elliptical via the eigenvalues and eigenpolarization states of the associated Jones matrix. Polarization elements are classified as homogeneous if the eigenpolarization states are orthogonal, and inhomogeneous if they are not. It is shown that the maximum coupling of light from the incident to the orthogonal polarization state occurs when the incident light is in a polarization state which is an equal mixture of the eigenpolarizations of a homogeneous polarization element. Two examples of polarization aberration functions are given, for the radially symmetric system, and for the circularly retarding lens. Simple algorithms are provided to determine aberration coefficients from the polarization ray trace of a few rays. The examples demonstrate how polarization aberration introduces wavefront aberrations and apodization which vary with changes in the incident polarization state.
Optical label swapping using payload envelope detection circuits (2005)

Optical label swapping of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) labels attached to 40-Gb/s return-to-zero payloads is demonstrated using payload envelope detection (PED) circuits based on 40-Gb/s clock recovery with nanosecond locking time. The circuits generate a digital envelope signal representing the payload location without having to process the 40-Gb/s data. The low-frequency PED signal, which is generated from the recovered 40-GHz packet clock by a radio-frequency mixer, can be utilized to erase/rewrite the label through traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators. This approach does not require active timing control to erase the label. Nearly penalty-free rewriting of a new 10-Gb/s NRZ label was demonstrated.
MCWILLIAMS WINS ILWU PRESIDENCY. (1994)

SUBTITLE: DEFEATS INCUMBENT DAVID ARIAN BY 56-TO-44 MARGIN: MARITIME EMPLOYERS SAY IT IS TOO EARLY TO GAUGE THE EFFECT.
Inclusive Identities: Challenging Socially Constructed Perceptions of Femininity, Masculinity and Sexuality in Marketing (2021)

Abstract By the end of this chapter, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of: A dualistic approach to femininity and masculinity as determining a demographic profile that is progressively outdated. Prescribed gendered characteristics and roles that have evolved over recent centuries. Technological platforms that have enabled voicing of non-conforming identities and supported the challenging of patriarchal societal constructs. Marketing’s provision of social commentary on gender and sexuality and its potential to advance societal integration of diverse identities to reflect sexuo-gendered discourse.
Multivariate Analysis Reveals a miRNA Profile Correlated To Karyotype and Outcome In Pediatric B-Cell Precursor ALL (2013)

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the commonest childhood cancer and is characterized by the presence of recurring structural genetic alterations that have been associated to clinical response.Recently it has been shown that the deregulation of microRNAs (miRNA), a class of small RNAs that negatively control gene expression, is a common characteristic of hematological malignancies and may be related to the pathogenesis of leukemias. The aim of the current study was to explore which microRNAs are expressed by each subtype of pediatric B-cell precursor ALL and to determine their roles into clinical outcome. We analyzed samples from 94 children diagnosed as B-cell precursor ALL in Italy between 2000 and 2010 that were included in the AIEOP-BFM protocol of treatment. The patients were divided by cytogenetic subgroups of ALL. Cells CD34+ and CD19+ from healthy donors were used as negative controls. The miRNA signature was studied using microchips for miRNA microarray. We first performed a two-class comparison of miRNA expression between leukemic and non-leukemic samples and found 84 miRNAs differently expressed (P&lt;0.01). A multivariate analysis of karyotype showed that 59 of these miRNAs were correlated to leukemia (P&lt;0.01). All major subtypes of precursor B-cell ALL were analyzed: MLL-rearranged (10), TEL-AML1(15), E2A-PBX1(10), BCR-ABL(23), hyperdiploid(17), ‘normal Karyotype’ (19, defined as those not carrying the foregoing cytogenetic aberrations), and also the presence of IKAROS deletions was evaluated. Each subgroup was found to have unique microRNA-signature that differed from each other and from those of healthy hematopoietic cells. Both Kaplan Meier and Cox regression tests were performed to check how many of these miRNAs were correlated to clinic response, based on the induction failure, relapse, and survival. A multivariate analysis revealed that genetic subtypes and poor-responders patients display characteristic miRNA signatures. Specifically the mir-125b, 16-2, 24, 28-5p, 128a, 138-1 and 658 (all P&lt;0.01) came out as independent prognostic factors predictive of event-free survival (EFS). IKAROS deletions did not come out as an independent prognostic factor, probably for being already associated to Ph+ and “BCR-ABL like” patients, who already have a poor prognosis. In addition, our group has previously shown that miR-125b may act as an oncogene and is correlated to a poor response in Ph+ samples, also increasing therapy resistance and leukemia aggressiveness in vivo. Further functional studies are needed to better explain the role of these miRNA and to provide new insights into the biology of pediatric ALL. Disclosures: Garzon: Karyopharm : Research Funding.
Automatic indicator dilution curve extraction in dynamic-contrast enhanced imaging using spectral clustering (2015)

Indicator dilution theory provides a framework for the measurement of several cardiovascular parameters. Recently, dynamic imaging and contrast agents have been proposed to apply the method in a minimally invasive way. However, the use of contrast-enhanced sequences requires the definition of regions of interest (ROIs) in the dynamic image series; a time-consuming and operator dependent task, commonly performed manually. In this work, we propose a method for the automatic extraction of indicator dilution curves, exploiting the time domain correlation between pixels belonging to the same region. Individual time intensity curves were projected into a low dimensional subspace using principal component analysis; subsequently, clustering was performed to identify the different ROIs. The method was assessed on clinically available DCE-MRI and DCE-US recordings, comparing the derived IDCs with those obtained manually. The robustness to noise of the proposed approach was shown on simulated data. The tracer kinetic parameters derived on real images were in agreement with those obtained from manual annotation. The presented method is a clinically useful preprocessing step prior to further ROI-based cardiac quantifications.
Effects of chemical etching with hydrochloric acid on a glass surface (2000)

Glass slides were chemically etched with hydrochloric acid using three different methods. We investigated the effects of chemical etching treatments on such properties as chemical composition, surface roughness, and relative transmittance of the glass. Sodium, calcium, and aluminum atoms at the glass surface were effectively reduced by chemical etching with hydrochloric acid. Boiling the glass in a 36% hydrochloric acid solution for 30 min was more effective in reducing sodium, calcium, and aluminum atoms at the surface of the glass than any of the other etching methods using hydrochloric acid. Surface morphology of the glass was very different with chemical etching treatments with hydrochloric acid etchant. Root-mean-square surface roughness of the bare glass was 0.58 nm, but the roughness of the glass etched with hydrochloric acid ranged from 5.4 to 6.8 nm. The sodium concentration at the glass surface was greatly reduced, from 2.7% to 0.2%. The depth that was affected by chemical etching with hydrochloric acid was about 70 nm.
Dosimetric Quantification of Coating-Related Uptake of Silver Nanoparticles (2017)

The elucidation of mechanisms underlying the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) is an important topic in nanotoxicological research. Most studies dealing with silver NP uptake provide only qualitative data about internalization efficiency and do not consider NP-specific dosimetry. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the cellular uptake of differently coated silver NPs of comparable size in different human intestinal Caco-2 cell-derived models to cover also the influence of the intestinal mucus barrier and uptake-specialized M-cells. We used a combination of the Transwell system, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and ion beam microscopy techniques. The computational in vitro sedimentation, diffusion, and dosimetry (ISDD) model was used to determine the effective dose of the particles in vitro based on their individual physicochemical characteristics. Data indicate that silver NPs with a similar size and shape show coating-dependent differences in their uptake into Caco-2 cells. The internalization of silver NPs was enhanced in uptake-specialized M-cells while the mucus did not provide a substantial barrier for NP internalization. ISDD modeling revealed a fivefold underestimation of dose-response relationships of NPs in in vitro assays. In summary, the present study provides dosimetry-adjusted quantitative data about the influence of NP coating materials in cellular uptake into human intestinal cells. Underestimation of particle effects in vitro might be prevented by using dosimetry models and by considering cell models with greater proximity to the in vivo situation, such as the M-cell model.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XXXVII. METAL‐INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OF A Σ,Π‐COORDINATED KETENE IN A Π‐ALLYL/Σ‐ARYL/Π‐OLEFIN SYSTEM (1981)

Abstract Durch Photolyse von Pentacarbonyleisen (I) mit Diphenylketen (II) in Diethylether bildet sich der Komplex (III), der thermisch zu dem zweikernigen Komplex (IV) decarbonyliert werden kann.
The frequency and clinical significance of congenital defects of the posterior and anterior arch of the atlas (2007)

Most congenital anomalies of the atlantal arch are found incidentally in asymptomatic patients. Congenital defects of the posterior arch are more common than defects of the anterior arch.
A study of parasitic effects of ESD protection on RF ICs (2002)

This paper presents a comprehensive study on influences of on-chip electro-static discharge (ESD) protection structures on performance of the circuits being protected. Two novel compact low-parasitic ESD structures were designed for RF and mixed-signal (MS) integrated circuits. Parasitic models of the ESD structures are extracted. RF building-block circuits, including a low-power high-speed op amp and a fully integrated 2.4-GHz low-noise amplifier were designed in 0.18/0.35-/spl mu/m technologies. Investigation of performance of these circuits under influences of the two new ESD protection structures and traditional MOS ESD protection device, in both copper and aluminum interconnects, demonstrated that significant circuit performance degradation (/spl sim/30%) occur when using NMOS ESD protection in Al technology, which recovered substantially (/spl sim/80%) when using low-parasitic ESD protection in Cu technology. This work indicates that the ESD-to-circuit influence is inevitable and substantial. Therefore, novel low-parasitic ESD protection solution is essential to maintaining both circuit functionality and ESD robustness in RF and MS applications.