gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects for fusion neutron NPLs (1996)

To date, nuclear pumped lasers (NPLs) have been driven by neutrons from pulsed research fission reactors. However, future applications using either a Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) neutron source or an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) source appear attractive. One unique combination proposed earlier would use a neutron feedback NPL driver in an ICF power plant. 14‐MeV D‐T neutrons (and 2.5‐MeV D‐D neutrons) provide a unique opportunity for a neutron recoil pumped NPL. Alternatively, these neutrons can be thermalized to provide thermal‐neutron induced reactions for pumping. Initial experience with a fusion‐pumped NPL can possibly be obtained using the D‐T burn experiments in progress/planning at the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak devices or at the planned National Ignition Facility (NIF) high‐gain ICF target experimental facility. With neutron fluxes presently available, peak thermalized fluxes at a test laser in the shield region could exceed 1014 n/cm2/sec. Several low‐threshold NPLs might be utilized in such an experiment, including the He‐Ne‐H2 NPL and the Ar‐Xe NPL. Experimental set‐ups for both the tokamak and the NIF will be described.
Chemical sensor using polymer coated tapered optical fibers (2010)

The polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is used as a cladding layer in waveguide-based optical components, is sensitive to the organic compounds. In this work, a compact organic compound optical sensor with a simple fabrication is proposed by using a taped optical fiber with PDMS coating. The sensing mechanism is based on the reaction of sensing material PDMS with chemical molecules to result in the changes of PDMS cladding layer which cause the transmitted optical power of the taped optical fiber.
P61 Hybrid biopsy EMR: novel simple technique for flat colorectal lesions with slippage or poor lifting (2021)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Polyp resection techniques which use a hybrid of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are well described. They facilitate lesions that may be difficult to remove due to snare slippage for very flat lesions or poor lifting due to fibrosis. However, endoscopists with little experience of cutting with a snare tip or dedicated endoscopic knife may not feel comfortable to perform this technique safely. <h3>Methods</h3> Hybrid biopsy EMR involves submucosal injection with a lifting solution, then taking sequential bites around the polyp with a biopsy forceps to make a semi or full circumferential gutter. The lesion may need further lifting, before being snared with cold or hot technique, with either en-bloc or piecemeal fashion. <h3>Results</h3> This case series includes 17 patients and 19 lesions: 8 females, 4 males with a mean age of 73.1 years (±8.67 SD, range 53–89). Lesions were located in the ascending colon (n=8), transverse colon (n=6), sigmoid colon (n=2), rectum (n=2) and caecum (n=1). Polyp size was small (n=2), intermediate (n=8), large (n=6) and fragments of large (n=3). Polyp type was laterally spreading tumour (LST) (n=6; granular mixed= 1, non-granular pseudo-depressed= 2, non-granular flat= 5), small sessile adenoma (n=3), sessile serrated lesion (n=7) and hyperplastic (n=1). The indication for hybrid technique was actual or expected slippage (n=10) and actual or expected poor lifting (n=9). Resection was performed piecemeal (n=12) or en-bloc (n=7), with the assistance of underwater in 5 patients. Histology showed tubular adenoma (n=11; with high grade dysplasia in 3 patients), sessile serrated lesion (n=7) and hyperplastic (n=1). Excision was histologically complete in 7 patients. A follow up endoscopy has been performed in 7 patients with 9 lesions and there has been no evidence of recurrence. There was one perforation which occurred with an attempted resection of a 30 mm LST-G mixed lesion. We suspect this was due to submucosal fibrosis as the lesion had previously been biopsied and tattooed under the lesion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Hybrid-biopsy EMR is a simple method, requiring a widely available and inexpensive device used in every-day practice. The procedure can be performed safely by endoscopists inexperienced in ESD. Using a rotatable biopsy forceps will make this even easier to perform.
Abstract 2244: A Novel Micropace-Ablate Protocol Eliminates Coagulum Formation in Radiofrequency Ablation (2007)

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation for cardiac arrythmias is an established curative therapy. However, catheter-tip coagulum formation leading to thromboembolic stroke is a persistent problem despite heparinization. Recent studies demonstrated an up to 70% incidence of thrombus formation on the catheter tip during ablation and a 10 % incidence of thromboembolic events. Catheter tip thrombus can impede the delivery of RF energy to the tissue, resulting in reduced efficacy and longer procedure times. Here we report on a novel method to prevent coagulum formation on ablation catheters by delivering a negative charge to the catheter tip to repel negatively charged fibrinogen molecules during RF ablation. A novel circuit was built with a charge delivery unit using a 9 voltage battery to deliver a fixed offset direct current charge, placed in parallel to the RF delivery unit for negative charge placement during RF delivery. In in-vivo canine experiments (n=50) standard 6/4, 8/5 ablation catheters and catheters with abraded tips were advanced from right femoral veins into atria and ventricles under intra-cardiac echo (ICE) and biplane fluoroscopic guidance. The dogs received 1 of 2 therapies: no RF energy delivered with and without negative charge delivery, RF energy delivery with and without negative charge delivery. The presence of thrombus was identified with ICE. The catheter tips were examined also macroscopically with visual inspection and also with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM of the catheter tips showed surface coverage of fibrin clot of the catheter tip to be 90 % for non-charged catheters compared to 0 % (p&lt; 0.01) in negatively-charged catheters. There was no significant difference in surface coverage of fibrin clot between negatively-charged catheters with the abraded tips (98.8%) and non-charged catheters with smooth tips (90.7 %, p=ns). Clot volume formed on the catheter tip decreased with increased amount of charge. Application of a negative charge did not affect the quality of the intracardiac electrograms or induce malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Negative charge delivery during RF ablation is feasible and safe and can eliminate coagulum formation, potentially reducing thromboembolic complications.
Fosmidomycin‐Clindamycin forPlasmodium falciparumInfections in African Children (2004)

The combination of fosmidomycin and clindamycin is well tolerated and superior to either agent on its own with respect to the rapid and radical clearance of P. falciparum infections in African children.
High-Speed and Energy-Efficient Non-Volatile Silicon Photonic Memory Based on Heterogeneously Integrated Memresonator (2023)

Recently, interest in programmable photonics integrated circuits has grown as a potential hardware framework for deep neural networks, quantum computing, and field programmable arrays (FPGAs). However, these circuits are constrained by the limited tuning speed and large power consumption of the phase shifters used. In this paper, introduced for the first time are memresonators, or memristors heterogeneously integrated with silicon photonic microring resonators, as phase shifters with non-volatile memory. These devices are capable of retention times of 12 hours, switching voltages lower than 5 V, an endurance of 1,000 switching cycles. Also, these memresonators have been switched using voltage pulses as short as 300 ps with a record low switching energy of 0.15 pJ. Furthermore, these memresonators are fabricated on a heterogeneous III-V/Si platform capable of integrating a rich family of active, passive, and non-linear optoelectronic devices, such as lasers and detectors, directly on-chip to enable in-memory photonic computing and further advance the scalability of integrated photonic processor circuits.
THE INFLUENCE OF ARTERIAL OXYGENATION ON CEREBRAL VENOUS OXYGEN SATURATION DURING HYPERVENTILATION (1994)

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104
Image Tracking of Multiple C. Elegans Worms Using Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM) (2010)

Long-term imaging of living biological specimens is important to infer behaviorial trends and correlate neural structure with behavior. Such study is plagued by the field of view limitation in standard optical microscopes, as the motile specimen would frequently move out of view. A novel microscope, called the adaptive scanning optical microscope (ASOM), has recently been proposed to address this limitation. Through high speed post-objective scanning with a steering mirror, and compensation for optical aberrations with a MEMS deformable mirror, simultaneous imaging and tracking of multiple Caenorhabditis elegans worms has been demonstrated. This article presents the image processing algorithm for tracking multiple worms. Since the steering mirror has to move based on the predicted worm motion, image processing and stable steering mirror motion need to be executed at higher than the composite mosaic video frame rate (in contrast to existing works on image-based worm tracking, which are predominantly based on post-processing). Particular care is placed on disambiguating the worms when they overlap, collide, or entangle, where the worm tracking algorithm may fail. Results from both real time and simulated tracking are presented.
Uptake of [18F] EF5 as a Tracer for Hypoxic and Aggressive Phenotype in Experimental Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2014)

The UT-SCC cell lines studied differed with respect to their hypoxic phenotypes, and these variations were detectable with [<sup>18</sup>F]EF5. Acute hypoxia increases [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG uptake in vitro, whereas a high [<sup>18</sup>F]EF5 uptake reflects a more complex phenotype associated with hypoxia and an aggressive growth pattern.
Biosynthesis of lipids by bovine meibomian glands (1985)

Isolated bovine meibomian glands incorporated exogenous [1-14C]acetate into lipids. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids showed that wax esters and sterol esters contained 61% of the total label. Radio gas liquid chromatographic analysis of the acid and alcohol moieties of both ester fractions showed the label was distributed equally between the two portions of the ester in both cases. Cholesterol and 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol were the major labeled sterols, and anteiso-C25, anteiso-C27 and anteiso-C23 were the most highly labeled alcohols. The major labeled fatty acids in the wax esters were anteiso-C15, n-C16, anteiso-C17 and n-C18:1, whereas anteiso-C25 and anteiso-C27 were the major labeled acids in the sterol esters. The diester region with 6% of the total label contained labeled fatty acids and fatty alcohols each with anteiso-C25 as the major component and omega-hydroxy acids in which n-C32:1 was the major labeled component. The triglyceride fraction which contained 8% of the total lipids was composed of labeled fatty acids similar to those found in both sterol and wax ester fractions. Chromatographic analyses of the labeled lipids derived from exogenous labeled isoleucine showed that anteiso-branched products were preferentially labeled. The labeled triglyceride fraction derived from [U-14C] isoleucine also contained esterified C15, C13, C11, C9, C7 and possibly shorter anteiso-branched acids.
There is metal in my scan volume, what should I do with my CT scan protocol? A practical guide to cope with metal in dual source CT scans. (2018)

Poster: ECR 2018 / C-3174 / There is metal in my scan volume, what should I do with my CT scan protocol? A practical guide to cope with metal in dual source CT scans. by: M. L. Dijkshoorn , R. Booij, M. van Straten; Rotterdam/NL
Influence of Si Surface Roughness on Electrical Characteristics of MOSFET with HfON Gate Insulator Formed by ECR Plasma Sputtering (2014)

To improve metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) performance, flat interface between gate insulator and silicon (Si) should be realized. In this paper, the influence of Si surface roughness on electrical characteristics of MOSFET with hafnium oxynitride (HfON) gate insulator formed by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering was investigated for the first time. The surface roughness of Si substrate was reduced by Ar/4.9%H2 annealing utilizing conventional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system. The obtained root-mean-square (RMS) roughness was 0.07nm (without annealed: 0.18nm). The HfON was formed by 2nm-thick HfN deposition followed by the Ar/O2 plasma oxidation. The electrical properties of HfON gate insulator were improved by reducing Si surface roughness. It was found that the current drivability of fabricated nMOSFETs was remarkably increased by reducing Si surface roughness. Furthermore, the reduction of Si surface roughness also leads to decrease of the 1/f noise.
Plasmodium falciparumATG8 implicated in both autophagy and apicoplast formation (2013)

Amino acid utilization is important for the growth of the erythrocytic stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, however the molecular mechanism that permits survival of the parasite during conditions of limiting amino acid supply is poorly understood. We provide data here suggesting that an autophagy pathway functions in P. falciparum despite the absence of a typical lysosome for digestion of the autophagosomes. It involves PfATG8, which has a C-terminal glycine which is absolutely required for association of the protein with autophagosomes. Amino acid starvation provoked increased colocalization between PfATG8- and PfRAB7-labeled vesicles and acidification of the colabeled structures consistent with PfRAB7-mediated maturation of PfATG8-positive autophagosomes; this is a rapid process facilitating parasite survival. Immuno-electron microscopic analyses detected PfRAB7 and PfATG8 on double-membrane-bound vesicles and also near or within the parasite's food vacuole, consistent with autophagosomes fusing with the endosomal system before being routed to the food vacuole for digestion. In nonstarved parasites, PfATG8, but not PfRAB7, was found on the intact apicoplast membrane and on apicoplast-targeted vesicles and apicoplast remnants when the formation of the organelle was disrupted; a localization also requiring the C-terminal glycine. These findings suggest that in addition to a classical role in autophagy, which involves the PfRAB7-endosomal system and food vacuole, PfATG8 is associated with apicoplast-targeted vesicles and the mature apicoplast, and as such contributes to apicoplast formation and maintenance. Thus, PfATG8 may be unique in having such a second role in addition to the formation of autophagosomes required for classical autophagy.
Ural, Griffin, and Plummer Reply: (2000)

A Reply to the Comment by Manuel V. Ramallo and Felix Vidal.Received 14 August 2000DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4836©2000 American Physical Society
A flow table-based design to approximate fairness (2003)

The current Internet architecture relies on congestion avoidance mechanisms implemented in the transport layer protocols, like TCP, to provide good service under heavy load. If routers distribute bandwidth fairly, the Internet would be more robust and could accommodate more diversity of end hosts. Most of the mechanisms proposed to accomplish this can be grouped into two general categories. The first category, which includes fair queueing (FQ) and its many variants, uses packet scheduling algorithms that are more difficult to implement compared to FIFO queueing. The algorithms in the second category, active queue management schemes with enhancements for fairness (e.g., FRED, SFB), are based on FIFO queueing. They are easy to implement and are much fairer than the original RED design, but they do not provide max-min fairness among a large population of flows. A router mechanism, AFD (approximate fair dropping), has been proposed to achieve approximately max-min fair bandwidth allocations with relatively low complexity. We propose an implementation of AFD which can mimic the performance of the original design with much less state.
TGF-β1 Attenuates the Acquisition and Expression of Effector Function by Tumor Antigen-Specific Human Memory CD8 T Cells (2005)

TGF-beta1 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine. However, its impact on the generation and effector function of Ag-specific human effector memory CD8 T cells had not been evaluated. Using Ag-specific CD8 T cells derived from melanoma patients immunized with the gp100 melanoma Ag, we demonstrate that the addition of TGF-beta1 to the initial Ag activation cultures attenuated the gain of effector function by Ag-specific memory CD8 T cells while the phenotypic changes associated with activation and differentiation into effector memory were comparable to control cultures. These activated memory CD8 T cells consistently expressed lower mRNA levels for T-bet, suggesting a mechanism for TGF-beta1-mediated suppression of gain of effector function in memory T cells. Moreover, TGF-beta1 induced a modest expression of CCR7 on Ag-activated memory CD8 T cells. TGF-beta1 also suppressed cytokine secretion by Ag-specific effector memory CD8 T cells, as well as melanoma-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD8 T cell clones. These results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 suppresses not only the acquisition but also expression of effector function on human memory CD8 T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reactive against melanoma, suggesting that TGF-beta1-mediated suppression can hinder the therapeutic benefits of vaccination, as well as immunotherapy in cancer patients.
Defect reduction and defect stability in IMEC's 14nm half-pitch chemo-epitaxy DSA flow (2014)

Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of Block Co-Polymers (BCP) has become an intense field of study as a potential patterning solution for future generation devices. The most critical challenges that need to be understood and controlled include pattern placement accuracy, achieving low defectivity in DSA patterns and how to make chip designs DSA-friendly. The DSA program at imec includes efforts on these three major topics. Specifically, in this paper the progress in DSA defectivity within the imec program will be discussed. In previous work, defectivity levels of ~560 defects/cm<sup>2</sup> were reported and the root causes for these defects were identified, which included particle sources, material interactions and pre-pattern imperfections. The specific efforts that have been undertaken to reduce defectivity in the line/space chemoepitaxy DSA flow that is used for the imec defectivity studies are discussed. Specifically, control of neutral layer material and improved filtration during the block co-polymer manufacturing have enabled a significant reduction in the defect performance. In parallel, efforts have been ongoing to enhance the defect inspection capabilities and allow a high capture rate of the small defects. It is demonstrated that transfer of the polystyrene patterns into the underlying substrate is critical for detecting the DSA-relevant defect modes including microbridges and small dislocations. Such pattern transfer enhances the inspection sensitivity by ~10x. Further improvement through process optimization allows for substantial defectivity reduction.
Information cartography (2015)

A metro map can tell a story, as well as provide good directions.
Frailty Among Older Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Outcomes From Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (2019)

Background Frailty is a predictor of adverse outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results We estimated the prevalence of frailty among adults age ≥75 years admitted with AMI and examined the relationship between frailty, interventions, and mortality. We used the Premier Healthcare Database to identify older adults with primary diagnoses of AMI. We classified individuals as frail or not using the validated Claims-based Frailty Index. We described patients' characteristics and receipt of percutaneous coronary intervention stratified by frailty status. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. From 2000 to 2016, we identified 469 390 encounters for older patients admitted with AMI. The median age was 82 years, 53% were women, and 75% were white. The prevalence of frailty was 19%. Frail patients were less likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention than nonfrail (15% versus 33%, P<0.001) and much less likely to receive coronary artery bypass surgery (1% versus 9%, P<0.001). There were far fewer interventions in individuals over age 85 years. Frailty was associated with higher mortality during AMI admission (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.43, CI 1.39-1.46). While there was a differential benefit of the interventions because of frailty, frail patients had reduced hospital mortality with percutaneous coronary intervention (frail: OR 0.59, CI 0.55-0.63; nonfrail: OR 0.49, CI 0.47-0.50, P for interaction <0.001) and with coronary artery bypass surgery (frail: OR 0.77, CI 0.65-0.93; nonfrail: OR 0.74, CI 0.71-0.77, P for interaction <0.001) relative to no intervention. Conclusions In the United States, frailty is common among older patients admitted with AMI. While these vulnerable patients are at an increased risk for mortality, judicial use of revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention in frail older patients still confers immediate survival benefit.
Temperatureentropy diagrams for multi-stage thermoelectric coolers (2003)

In this recently published paper, H T Chua was mistakenly included in the author list. The list of authors is therefore corrected as: X C Xuan, K C Ng and C Yap.
Vermeer (2011)

We present Vermeer, a novel interactive 360° viewable 3D display. Like prior systems in this area, Vermeer provides viewpoint-corrected, stereoscopic 3D graphics to simultaneous users, 360° around the display, without the need for eyewear or other user instrumentation. Our goal is to over-come an issue inherent in these prior systems which - typically due to moving parts - restrict interactions to outside the display volume. Our system leverages a known optical illusion to demonstrate, for the first time, how users can reach into and directly touch 3D objects inside the display volume. Vermeer is intended to be a new enabling technology for interaction, and we therefore describe our hardware implementation in full, focusing on the challenges of combining this optical configuration with an existing approach for creating a 360° viewable 3D display. Initially we demonstrate direct involume interaction by sensing user input with a Kinect camera placed above the display. However, by exploiting the properties of the optical configuration, we also demonstrate novel prototypes for fully integrated input sensing alongside simultaneous display. We conclude by discussing limitations, implications for interaction, and ideas for future work.
Not as simple as ABC: Analysis of tools to trigger MTP activation in Pediatric Trauma (2020)

Background: Early and accurate identification of pediatric trauma patients who will require massive transfusion (MT) is not well established. In adults, an ABC score >2 (defined by penetrating mechanism, positive FAST, SBP120) identifies trauma patients who require MT with sensitivity and specificity of 75 and 86%, respectively. We developed the BIS and ABCD scores and hypothesize they can improve the discriminate ability for predicting massive transfusion in children. Methods: Pediatric trauma patients who received …
Nitrous oxide reactivation of a zeolite Y catalyst for hydrocarbon cracking (1987)

R. G. Copperthwaite, G. Foulds, T. Themistocleous and G. J. Hutchings, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 748 DOI: 10.1039/C39870000748