gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial technologies in biotechnology (2003)

The past decade has been signed by impressive advances in both areas of diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. While genomic, by identifying unknown genes, has enormously accelerated the discovery of new proteins related tothese genes, combinatorial chemistry and combinatorial technologies (CCCT) have drastically speeded the process of drug discovery, by offering an unlimited source of molecular entities to be screened for a given activity. Combinatorial technologies can now be considered an integrated approach for a novel way of producing science, where chemistry, molecular biology, molecular design and screening are the essential components, The use of CCCT in the pharmaceutical industry is already well established, but other industrial sectors, such as the diagnostic and the biotech, are rapidly adopting combinatorial technologies in their research programs. In particular, the application of CCCT to the biotech sector has led already to extraordinary results, since this platform technology may be useful not only to gain basic information on biological systems important for the development of products or for the understanding of mechanisms of action of known substances, but more importantly to derive and accelerate new products development, ICS-UNIDO programs include diffusion of combinatorial technologies.
Iterative pre- and post-processing for MRC layers of scanned documents (2008)

The mixed raster content (MRC) document compression standard (ITU T.44) specifies a multi-layer multi-resolution representation of a compound document. The model is very efficient for representing sharp text and graphics onto a background. However, since the mask layer is binary, it is difficult to deal with scanned data and soft edges. The edge transitions do not fully belong to the foreground neither to the background, and cause some "halo" to the object edges using the MRC model. This paper presents an algorithm that builds an edge sharpening map and iteratively parameterizes the original edge "softness" at the encoder. The generated map and the "softness" parameters are, then, used to reconstruct the original soft edges at the decoder. Experimental results are presented, showing that the method can yield 1.5 dB gains in PSNR, in the compression ranges of interest.
Haskell Server Pages (2001)

Haskell Server (HSP) provide an easy way to create dynamic web and simplify the task of building middle tier components. This article gives an overview of HSP from a programmer's perspective. It includes examples of HSP in action and gives a precise description of translating HSP scripts into plain Haskell.
Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: the case for mass and routine vaccination with available polysaccharide vaccines. (2003)

Endemic and epidemic group A meningococcal meningitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, despite the availability of the safe and inexpensive group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, which is protective at all ages when administered as directed. Despite optimal therapy, meningococcal meningitis has a 10% fatality rate and at least 15% central nervous system damage. WHO's policy of epidemic containment prevents, at best, about 50% of cases and ignores endemic meningitis, which is estimated at 50,000 cases per year. The effectiveness of group A, C, W135, and Y capsular polysaccharides is the basis for recommending universal vaccination with group A meningococcal polysaccharide twice in infancy, followed by the four-valent vaccine in children aged two and six years. This could eliminate epidemic and endemic disease, prepare for the use of conjugates when they become available, and probably could have prevented the recent epidemics of groups A and W135 meningitis in Burkina Faso.
First Synthesis of Metallated Titanacyclopropenes (1999)

A novel and efficient one-pot synthesis of trismetallated olefins is described by using the diisopropyloxy(η 2-propene)titanium derivative.
SIRT1 Mutation Impairs Ca 2+ Buffering in Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells of Ossabaw Miniature Swine (2022)

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) impairs sarco‐endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity in coronary smooth muscle (CSM) and is implicated in coronary atherosclerosis in Ossabaw miniature swine. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a deacetylase that has diverse roles in intracellular Ca 2+ signaling, metabolism, and cardiovascular disease. SIRT1 impairment exacerbates MetS and vascular disease, including calcification. After Ca 2+ is increased in CSM by Ca 2+ influx or release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the Ca 2+ is then buffered by either Ca 2+ efflux from the cell by the plasmalemmal Ca 2+ ATPase or sequestration back into the SR via SERCA. SIRT1 inhibition hyper‐acetylates SERCA and decreases activity, thereby impairing the Ca 2+ buffering capacity of the cell. Hypothesis MetS and SIRT1 mutation will impair Ca 2+ buffering in CSM. Methods Using CRISPR/Cas9 methodology a point mutation (SIRT1 L100P ) was made in Ossabaw miniature swine to mimic the naturally occurring mutation in humans and decrease SIRT1 activity, thereby resulting in hyperacetylation of Ca 2+ transporters and impaired function. Four groups of pigs were used to analyze genotype and diet interactions: wild type lean, SIRT1 lean, wild type MetS, and SIRT1 MetS. Pigs were age 4 months at the start and fed normal chow (lean) or atherogenic diet (MetS) for 7 months. CSM cells were enzymatically dispersed and Ca 2+ was measured with fura‐2. The main Ca 2+ regulation protocol was the maximal release of Ca 2+ from the SR by 5 mM caffeine and then assessment of Ca 2+ efflux and sequestration. Time to half recovery of Ca 2+ to baseline during caffeine exposure was measured to assess Ca 2+ efflux (rapid phase Ca 2+ buffering) and deviation from baseline was measured to assess SERCA function (slow phase Ca 2+ buffering). Results There was no effect of MetS or SIRT1 mutation on Ca 2+ efflux. Two‐way ANOVA showed SIRT1 mutation alone inhibits SERCA buffering of Ca 2+ in CSM (p=0.0005). There was no effect of MetS diet (p=0.184) and no interactions of SIRT1 genotype and MetS diet (p=0.113) on SERCA activity. Conclusion SIRT1 L100P mutation is likely to contribute to coronary atherosclerosis and SIRT1 activators may be effective therapies.
Characterization of the Microenvironment in Positive and Negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes from Melanoma Patients (2015)

Melanomas are aggressive skin tumors characterized by high metastatic potential. Our previous results indicate that Natural Killer (NK) cells may control growth of melanoma. The main defect of blood NK cells was a decreased expression of activating NCR1/NKp46 receptor and a positive correlation of NKp46 expression with disease outcome in stage IV melanoma patients was found. In addition, in stage III melanoma patients, we identified a new subset of mature NK cells in macro-metastatic Lymph nodes (LN). In the present studies, we evaluated the numbers of NK cells infiltrating primary cutaneous melanoma and analyzed immune cell subsets in a series of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). First, we show that NKp46+ NK cells infiltrate primary cutaneous melanoma. Their numbers were related to age of patients and not to Breslow thickness. Then, a series of patients with tumor-negative or -positive sentinel lymph nodes matched for Breslow thickness of the cutaneous melanoma was constituted. We investigated the distribution of macrophages (CD68), endothelial cells, NK cells, granzyme B positive (GrzB+) cells and CD8+ T cells in the SLN. Negative SLN (SLN-) were characterized by frequent adipose involution and follicular hyperplasia compared to positive SLN (SLN+). High densities of macrophages and endothelial cells (CD34), prominent in SLN+, infiltrate SLN and may reflect a tumor favorable microenvironment. Few but similar numbers of NK and GrzB+ cells were found in SLN- and SLN+: NK cells and GrzB+ cells were not correlated. Numerous CD8+ T cells infiltrated SLN with a trend for higher numbers in SLN-. Moreover, CD8+ T cells and GrzB+ cells correlated in SLN- not in SLN+. We also observed that the numbers of CD8+ T cells negatively correlated with endothelial cells in SLN-. The numbers of NK, GrzB+ or CD8+ T cells had no significant impact on overall survival. However, we found that the 5 year-relapse rate was higher in SLN with higher numbers of NK cells.
QSM4SENIOR: Quantitative susceptibility mapping in the aging of the healthy brain (2022)

This work presents preliminary results for the QSM4SENIOR project, a partnership between NeuroSpin (CEA) and Ventio. A poster was presented at QMR Lucca, Italy 2022, a joint workshop on MR phase, magnetic susceptibility and electrical properties mapping. It introduces a pipeline for computing the Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) from the data of healthy senior participants (SENIOR database). The pipeline allows the computation of clean and exploitable QSM, thanks to a phase pre-processing to reduce the presence of artifacts in the 7T MRI data. These maps will be then used for studying the iron accumulation in the normal aging process. This computation was performed in a secured cloud environment, provided by de.NBI Cloud.
Properties of (CH3)2NH2H2PO4crystal near the ferroelectric phase transition (2008)

The results of dielectric, thermal (AC calorimetry) and dilatometric measurements on DMAP crystal in the ferroelectric phase transition region are presented. The experimental data are discussed in the framework of the Landau theory, and expansion coefficients of the Landau potential A0, B, C are estimated. A temperature dependence of the effective nonlinearity coefficient B has been revealed. The pressure coefficient dTc/dp was obtained. The phase transition can be classified as a continuous one and rather far from the tricritical point. The specific heat data show a λ-type anomaly and the value of the excess entropy is smaller than in typical order–disorder phase transitions.
Prediction of survival in patients with IDH-wildtype astrocytic gliomas using dynamic O-(2-[ 18 F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET (2020)

Ziel/Aim Integrated histomolecular diagnostics of gliomas according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2016 has refined diagnostic accuracy and prediction of prognosis. This study aimed at exploring the prognostic value of dynamic O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET in newly diagnosed, histomolecularly classified astrocytic gliomas of WHO grades III or IV.
A stochastic model of selective visual attention with a dynamic Bayesian network (2008)

Recent studies in signal detection theory suggest that the human responses to the stimuli on a visual display are nondeterministic. People may attend to different locations on the same visual input at the same time. To predict the likelihood of where humans typically focus on a video scene, we propose a new stochastic model of visual attention by introducing a dynamic Bayesian network. Our model simulates and combines the visual saliency response and the cognitive state of a person to estimate the most probable attended regions. Experimental results have demonstrated that our model performs significantly better in predicting human visual attention compared to the previous deterministic model.
Improved MPPT Algorithms for Rapidly Changing Environmental Conditions (2006)

The first part of this paper intends to give an overview of the Maximum Power Point Tracking methods for Photovoltaic (PV) inverters presently reported in the literature. The most well-known and popular methods, like the Perturb and Observe (P&amp;O), the Incremental Conductance (INC) and the Constant Voltage (CV), are presented. These methods, especially the P&amp;O, have been treated by many works, which aim to overcome their shortcomings, either by optimizing the methods, or by combining them. In the second part of the paper an improvement for the P&amp;O and INC method is proposed, which prevents these algorithms to get confused during rapidly changing irradiation conditions, and it considerably increases the efficiency of the MPPT.
A dynamic data-driven model for optimizing waste collection (2020)

Commercial waste collection activities are critical from environmental, societal, as well as economic perspectives. Logistic activities carried out in any large or small human settlement, must be efficient by passing through obstacles while optimizing rare and valuable resource usages. With the advent of the Internet of Things and smart waste management ideas, the concept of static waste collection resource optimization and more specifically vehicle routing problem are being exposed to a fortunate mutation. This study introduces a dynamic waste collection optimization model and its solution for a unique type of waste collection problem. Unlike public waste collection, which is made up of homogeneous customers, commercial waste collection has to consider other factors, relating to the quality or time of service, while considering the socio-economic characteristics of the customers. Moreover, the paper has completed a comprehensive literature review over the waste collection filed to emphasize the singularity of the problem and the proposed mathematical model. The data-driven model proposed in this paper targets the optimization of costs in the embedded solver with invoking real-time data generated by filllevel sensors integrated into waste containers. The outputs of the model are dynamic and time-wise vehicle routing chains for efficient waste collection under the field official guidelines, constraints, and priorities. In order to scrutinize the scalability, applicability and validity of the proposed model, a real-life network in Luxembourg with multiple vehicles, stops, as well as a depot and a disposal site has been considered. The partnership with a waste management company, called Polygone, benchmarking results with real data conclude the merits, excellence, and findings of the paper.
Targeted steering motions (2006)

In this paper we investigate targeted steering motions. Fitts' law is a very successful model to explain human targeting behavior, while the Steering law has been used to model steering motions. Dennerlein et al. combined these two models to explain targeted steering motions, but this combination introduces additional parameters. In this paper, we present a new, simpler, model that can be used to predict targeted steering motions.
Sources and circuits for high performance smart-pixel based optical interconnections (2002)

A common problem confronting the realization of optoelectronic interconnection processors over the last several years is the ability to both perform logical operations (i.e. computations) and rapidly and dynamically reconfigure the processor in a compact and simple manner. In past work in our laboratory, we demonstrated a fully integrated, optically powered, optoelectronic "smart pixel". This circuit has the ability to operate variously as an optoelectronic amplifier, bistable switch, inverter and latch. By making minor variations of that first circuit, we can employ it in a novel, and very simple optoelectronic processor which has the ability to both perform logic and dynamically route large 2D arrays of data.
Noncatalytic regulation of 18SrRNA methyltransferase DIMT1 in acute myeloid leukemia (2023)

Several rRNA-modifying enzymes install rRNA modifications while participating in ribosome assembly. Here, we show that 18<i>S</i> rRNA methyltransferase DIMT1 is essential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) proliferation through a noncatalytic function. We reveal that targeting a positively charged cleft of DIMT1, remote from the catalytic site, weakens the binding of DIMT1 to rRNA and mislocalizes DIMT1 to the nucleoplasm, in contrast to the primarily nucleolar localization of wild-type DIMT1. Mechanistically, rRNA binding is required for DIMT1 to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, which explains the distinct nucleoplasm localization of the rRNA binding-deficient DIMT1. Re-expression of wild-type or a catalytically inactive mutant E85A, but not the rRNA binding-deficient DIMT1, supports AML cell proliferation. This study provides a new strategy to target DIMT1-regulated AML proliferation via targeting this essential noncatalytic region.
Preparation of 1-Hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives from a Chiral Equivalent of Glycolic Acid (1999)

The stereoselective preparation of 1-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivatives is reported. The key reaction is either a radical cyclization or a radical annulation mediated by the transfer of a phenylseleno group. The radical precursors are easily synthesized by two consecutive enolate alkylations. Excellent stereochemical control for the quaternary C(1) stereogenic center has been achieved.
Evaluation of Accuracy of Amorphous Solubility Advantage Calculation by Comparison with Experimental Solubility Measurement in Buffer and Biorelevant Media (2018)

The accuracy of amorphous solubility advantage calculation was evaluated by experimental solubility measurement. Ten structurally diverse compounds were studied to test the generlity of the theoretical calculation. Three reported methods of calculating Gibbs free energy difference between amorphous and crystalline solids were evaluated. Experimental solubility advantage was measured by direct dissolution of amorphous solid in buffer. When necessary, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) was predissolved in buffer to inhibit desupersaturation. By direct dissolution, the effect of different preparation methods on amorphous solubility was also studied. Finally, solubility measurement was performed in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) to assess the effect of bile salt on the concentration-based amorphous solubility advantage. The results showed that the assumption of constant heat capacity differences between crystal and supercooled liquid or amorphous solid is sufficient for accurate theoretical calculation, which is attributed to the fact that the heat capacity of crystal is nearly parallel to that of supercooled liquid or amorphous solid. Different preparation methods do not have significant impact on amorphous solubility advantage. Experimental measurement agrees with the theoretical calculation within a factor of 0.7 to 1.8. The concentration-based amorphous solubility advantage in FaSSIF agrees well with theoretical calculation. This work demonstrates that theoretical calculation of amorphous solubility advantage is robust and can be applied in early drug development for assessing the utility of the amorphous phase.
Robust and reliable actinic ptychographic imaging of highly periodic structures in EUV photomasks (2022)

As EUV lithography transitions to high volume manufacturing, actinic inspection tools at 13.5 nm wavelength are attractive for understanding the printability of EUV mask defects, as well as for in-fab monitoring for possible defects emerging from extended use. Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a lensless imaging technique that allows for phaseand-amplitude, aberration-free, high-resolution imaging in the EUV. Moreover, sources based on high harmonic generation (HHG) of ultrafast lasers are a proven viable coherent light source for CDI, with flux sufficient for rapid large-area inspection and small-area imaging. By combining CDI and HHG, we implemented actinic EUV photomask inspection on a low-cost tabletop-scale setup. Moreover, we propose and demonstrate a solution to the challenge of ptychographic imaging of periodic structures through careful illumination engineering.
Multiple Accessing, Multi‐Numerology, Hybrid Waveforms (2021)

This chapter focuses on the issue of how to intelligently share the resources in a hyperspace whose dimensions are time, frequency, space, beam, and code. Most of the wireless communication standards prefer to design orthogonal frames in order to manage the interference between the users. The concept of non-orthogonal multiple access has been proposed to overcome the limitation of orthogonal resources. The chapter also provides a comparison between random access schemes. It presents insight into which specific scheduled or random access technique to apply. The chapter emphasizes the real wireless system development problem of how to design a multiuser system depending on the system requirements, traffic characteristics of users in the network, performance measurements, channel characteristics, and other interfering systems operating in the same bandwidth. It examines a novel concept called radar-sensing and communication convergence by the perspective of the hybrid waveforms concept.
Assimilation efficiencies and elimination rates of silver, cadmium and zinc accumulated by trophic pathway in Gammarus fossarum (2023)

Abstract To improve the assessment of metal toxicity in aquatic organisms, it is important to consider the different uptake pathways (i.e. trophic or aqueous). The bioaccumulation of dissolved metals such as Cd and Zn in gammarids is beginning to be well described. However, there are very few data on the contribution of the dietary pathway, and its associated toxicokinetic parameters. Among these, the assimilation efficiency (AE) is an essential parameter for the implementation of models that take the trophic pathway into account. This study aims to estimate the assimilation efficiencies and elimination rates of two types of food, i.e. alder leaves and chironomid larvae, contaminated with three metals (Ag, Cd and Zn) of major concern for the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The pulse-chase-feeding method was used. Gammarids were fed with alder leaves or chironomid larvae previously contaminated with 110m Ag, 109 Cd or 65 Zn, for a short period of time (1 to 5 hours), followed by an elimination phase of 14 days. At different time points, the gammarids were placed alive on the gamma detector to individually quantify whole body concentrations of 110m Ag, 109 Cd or 65 Zn. Our results indicate that: i) Cd has the highest assimilation efficiency (39% for leaves and 19% for larvae), followed by Zn (15% for leaves and 9% for larvae) and Ag (5% for leaves); ii) for Cd and Zn, the AE were higher when gammarids were fed with leaves than with larvae; iii) the elimination rates of metals seem to depend more on the food matrix than on the metal assimilated; and thus iv) the biological half-life calculated from the k es is 5.1 days for Ag, between 4.9 and 13 days for Cd and between 3.8 and 13 days for Zn.
Effect of cell density on energy‐dependent calcium uptake by Balb/c 3T3 membranes is independent of protein synthesis and attachment to substratum (1979)

Abstract Membranes isolated from subconfluent cultures of Balb/c 3T3 cells have low energy‐dependent calcium uptake activity. Replating confluent cells at low density results in a prompt fall of energy‐dependent calcium uptake by membrane fractions. The level to which uptake activity falls is a function of the density at which the cells are plated (Moore and Pastan, '77b). To determine if regulation of energy‐dependent uptake of calcium by membrane fractions is dependent upon attachment to a substrate and to further characterize conditions that regulate the process, we examined calcium uptake activity of membranes isolated from cells in suspension. With cells in suspension energy‐dependent calcium uptake activity of isolated membranes falls promptly if cells are diluted to a low density (&lt;10 5 cells/ml) and is a function of cell density. When cells in suspension at low cell densities are concentrated to high cell densities (&gt;2 X 10 6 cells/ml), calcium uptake activity of the isolated membrane fraction is increased as a function of cell density. These changes of membrane calcium uptake activity occur promptly and do not require protein synthesis.