gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Safety-First Approach to Memory Models (2013)

Recent efforts to standardize concurrency semantics for programming languages require programmers to explicitly annotate all memory accesses that can participate in a data race ("unsafe" accesses). This requirement allows the compiler and hardware to aggressively optimize unannotated accesses, which are assumed to be data-race-free ("safe" accesses), while still preserving the intuitive thread interleaving semantics known as sequential consistency (SC). However, unannotated data races are easy for programmers to accidentally introduce and difficult to detect, and thus the safety and correctness of programs can be significantly compromised. The authors argue instead for a safety-first approach, whereby the compiler and hardware treat every memory access as potentially unsafe unless it is proven otherwise. In this way, SC semantics is guaranteed for all programs, whether data-race-free or not. The authors show that the performance and design cost of this approach is insignificant in practice, because the majority of accesses can be proven safe through a simple static or dynamic analysis, and memory ordering constraints can be ignored for such accesses without violating SC. Together with their earlier work on an efficient SC-preserving compiler, their SC hardware provides end-to-end SC semantics at the language level with low overhead.
Effect of Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction on 2-Year Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2019)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01314313, NCT02184442, NCT03222128, and NCT02184441.
Qualitative analysis of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in Uttaranchal Hills, India (2007)

Gas chromatography and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis of essentialoil hydrodistilled from fresh aerial part of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) cultivated inUttaranchal, India, resolved into 33 compounds representing 96.29% of the essential oilaccording to their chromatographic retention indices and mass spectra.  The major compoundsof the oil were, camphor (26.40%), 1, 8-cineole (23.40%), α-pinene (9.94%), camphene (5.83%),myrcene (4.86%), bornyl acetate (3.97%), verbenone (3.32%), limonene (3.08%), borneol(2.05%) and α-terpineol (2.68%).
Gender differences of human tissue kallikrein and an erythrocyte kallikrein-like enzyme in essential hypertension. (1988)

The level of tissue kallikrein in serum and urine, and of an erythrocyte kallikrein-like enzyme, were compared in 10 subjects without hypertension and in 10 patients with hypertension with normal renin levels. Each group consisted of five men and five women. All subjects were observed at a general clinical research center for consecutive 5- to 6-day periods of daily dietary sodium intake of 109, 9, and 259 mEq. Tissue kallikrein levels in serum and urine and levels of the erythrocyte kallikrein-like enzyme were measured with specific radioimmunoassays or with an activity assay, respectively. Mean active and total urinary kallikrein excretion rates were higher in women than in men (both with and without hypertension) when they were given all diets (p less than 0.05 to 0.025), and these rates varied inversely with sodium intake. The serum immunoreactive tissue kallikrein level was higher in men than in women when they were given all diets (p less than 0.05 to 0.001), but there was no difference between subjects with and without hypertension. There were no consistent changes in levels with altered sodium intake. Erythrocyte kallikrein-like esterase activity was greater in women without hypertension than in men without hypertension (p less than 0.05 to 0.001) when receiving the 9 and 109 mEq sodium diets, but values were similar in all groups receiving the 259 mEq sodium diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Temperature-to-Digital Converter for a MEMS-Based Programmable Oscillator With <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$&lt; \pm \hbox{0.5-ppm}$</tex></formula> Frequency Stability and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$&lt; \hbox{1-ps}$</tex></formula> Integrated Jitter (2012)

MEMS-based oscillators offer a silicon-based alternative to quartz-based frequency references. Here, a MEMS-based programmable oscillator is presented which achieves better than ±0.5-ppm frequency stability from -40 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C to 85 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C and less than 1-ps (rms) integrated phase noise (12 kHz to 20 MHz). A key component of this system is a thermistor-based temperature-to-digital converter (TDC) which enables accurate and low noise compensation of temperature-induced variation of the MEMS resonant frequency. The TDC utilizes several circuit techniques including a high-resolution tunable reference resistor based on a switched-capacitor network and fractional-N frequency division, a switched resistor measurement approach which allows a pulsed bias technique for reduced noise, and a VCO-based quantizer for digitization of the temperature signal. The TDC achieves 0.1-mK (rms) resolution within a 5-Hz bandwidth while consuming only 3.97 mA for all analog and digital circuits at 3.3-V supply in 180-nm CMOS.
Development of an acoustic actuator for launch vehicle noise reduction (2002)

In many active noise control applications, it is necessary that acoustic actuators be mounted in small enclosures due to volume constraints and in order to remain unobtrusive. However, the air spring of the enclosure is detrimental to the low-frequency performance of the actuator. For launch vehicle noise control applications, mass and volume constraints are very limiting, but the low-frequency performance of the actuator is critical. This work presents a novel approach that uses a nonlinear buckling suspension system and partial evacuation of the air within the enclosure to yield a compact, sealed acoustic driver that exhibits a very low natural frequency. Linear models of the device are presented and numerical simulations are given to illustrate the advantages of this design concept. An experimental prototype was built and measurements indicate that this design can significantly improve the low-frequency response of compact acoustic actuators.
Phased array transducer for emitting 40-kHz air-coupled ultrasound without grating lobes (2015)

We introduce an ultrasonic one-dimensional (1D) air-coupled phased array transducer, operating at 40 kHz without any grating lobes. It is well known, that this achievement is only possible when each transducer element is small enough for an element pitch that is equal to or less than half of the wavelength, i.e. ≤ 4.3 mm for 40 kHz operation frequency. As far as we know, conventionally low frequency array designs for air-coupled transducer applications were not possible at 40 kHz due to this inter element spacing requirement. The main idea is to separate the acoustic aperture from the actual radiating aperture of the ultrasonic transducer. We use acoustic waveguides, forming a smart packaging layer, to fulfill the half-wavelength criteria for the pitch and to benefit from concentrating the acoustic energy from several single ultrasonic transducers into a smaller effective aperture. A proof-of-concept prototype array was built and characterized. An impressive 130 ± 1 dB sound pressure level (SPL) is observed at a distance of 1 m. The opening angle of the array is 110° in total, without any grating lobes. For future work, we plan extending the approach to build an air-coupled fully populated 2D phased array transducer as well.
Natural language understanding through fuzzy logic inference and its application to speech recognition (2003)

We report on a fuzzy logic-based language understanding system applied to speech recognition. This system acquires conceptual knowledge from corpus data and organizes such knowledge into fuzzy logic inference rules. The system parses speech recognition results into conceptual structures in a robust manner, and thus is able to tolerate noise caused by speech recognition errors. We discuss the fuzzy inference rule learning method and explain its organization. Experimental results that demonstrate the ability of the system to deal with complex speech input instances are reported.
A review of 18p deletions (2015)

Since 18p- was first described in 1963, much progress has been made in our understanding of this classic deletion condition. We have been able to establish a fairly complete picture of the phenotype when the deletion breakpoint occurs at the centromere, and we are working to establish the phenotypic effects when each gene on 18p is hemizygous. Our aim is to provide genotype-specific anticipatory guidance and recommendations to families with an 18p- diagnosis. In addition, establishing the molecular underpinnings of the condition will potentially suggest targets for molecular treatments. Thus, the next step is to establish the precise effects of specific gene deletions. As we look forward to deepening our understanding of 18p-, our focus will continue to be on the establishment of robust genotype-phenotype correlations and the penetrance of these phenotypes. We will continue to follow our 18p- cohort closely as they age to determine the presence or absence of some of these diagnoses, including spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), and dystonia. We will also continue to refine the critical regions for other phenotypes as we enroll additional (hopefully informative) participants into the research study and as the mechanisms of the genes in these regions are elucidated. Mouse models will also be developed to further our understanding of the effects of hemizygosity as well as to serve as models for treatment development.
Utilization of High-Pressure Oxygen in Enhanced Oil Recovery (2009)

Oil production methods are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary processes. Each of these may recover approximately 15% of the available oil in a reservoir. Oxygen fireflooding is a tertiary oil recovery process that uses in-situ combustion to recover heavy oil. Oxygen injection pressures of approximately 6.9 and 20.7 MPa, respectively, are being used in Alberta and Texas to recover heavy oil. This is an application in which the effects of both corrosion and materials flammability have to be considered. Surface and downhole components associated with oil recovery may be relatively complex and have evolved to meet the specific needs of the industry. Materials, systems, and operating considerations that affect the design of surface and downhole equipment for oxygen firefloods will be discussed.
Defining a Gene Promoter Methylation Signature in Sputum for Lung Cancer Risk Assessment (2012)

These studies have identified and replicated a panel of methylated genes whose integration with other promising biomarkers could initially identify the highest risk smokers for computed tomographic screening for early detection of lung cancer.
Car-to-car communications (2012)

Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) is an important research and future application topic which experiences increasing attention from all major car manufacturers. This paper describes a Self-Organizing Traffic Information System (SOTIS) which is purely based on IVC and which does not need any expensive infrastructure. A SOTIS car is equipped with a satellite navigation receiver, a digital map and a communication unit. The new traffic information system based on SOTIS technology will give the driver many benefits even in situations where only a very small percentage of cars are equipped with the SOTIS technology.
CFD-based design optimization of the outlet stator of a rotodynamic cardiac assist device (1998)

Two designs of an outlet stator for an axial flow left ventricular assist device are analyzed at nominal operating conditions. The original stator assembly (design 1) has significant flow separation and reversal. A second stator assembly (design 2) replaces part of the original tubular outer housing with a converging-diverging throat section with the intention of locally improving the fluid dynamics. Both stator designs are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental flow visualization. The computational and experimental methods indicate persistent regions of flow separation in design 1 and increased surface washing in design 2. However, the improved fluid dynamics of design 2 is accompanied by a significant decrease in pressure recovery as compared to design 1. To resolve these apparently conflicting end point behaviors, CFD-based design optimization is used to evolve the outer housing shape of a third stator assembly to simultaneously reduce flow stasis and maintain a high level of pressure recovery. During the optimization process, several insightful guidelines for designing efficient outlet stators of axial flow turbomachines become evident.
Aspis: A Robust Detection System for Distributed Learning. (2021)

State of the art machine learning models are routinely trained on large scale distributed clusters. Crucially, such systems can be compromised when some of the computing devices exhibit abnormal (Byzantine) behavior and return arbitrary results to the parameter server (PS). This behavior may be attributed to a plethora of reasons including system failures and orchestrated attacks. Existing work suggests robust aggregation and/or computational redundancy to alleviate the effect of distorted gradients. However, most of these schemes are ineffective when an adversary knows the task assignment and can judiciously choose the attacked workers to induce maximal damage. Our proposed method Aspis assigns gradient computations to worker nodes using a subset-based assignment which allows for multiple consistency checks on the behavior of a worker node. Examination of the calculated gradients and post-processing (clique-finding in an appropriately constructed graph) by the central node allows for efficient detection and subsequent exclusion of adversaries from the training process. We prove the Byzantine resilience and detection guarantees of Aspis under weak and strong attacks and extensively evaluate the system on various large-scale training scenarios. The main metric for our experiments is the test accuracy for which we demonstrate significant improvement of about 30% compared to many state-of-the-art approaches on the CIFAR-10 dataset. The corresponding reduction of the fraction of corrupted gradients ranges from 16% to 98%.
Explosive-like erosion of graphite in the GOL-3 disruption simulation experiments (1994)

During the tokamak disruption event, a hot plasma streams along the field to the divertor plates. Under the ITER conditions the material erosion rate will determine the divertor plates durability. At the existing tokamaks the ITER disruption parameters (power density {approximately}10 MW/cm{sup 2}, energy density {approximately}10 MJ/m{sup 2}) are not achievable. Therefore the divertor material behavior has to be studied on alternative devices. The GOL-3 facility (7m long open trap) was used for this purpose. Plasma is heated there with a relativistic electron beam. Plasma have temperature of the bulk electrons 10{sup 15} cm{sup {minus}3} up to 1 keV and {open_quotes}tail{close_quotes} of the distribution function up to tens of keV. Such a plasma stream affect the target placed at the magnetic field 5-10 T. As a result of plasma-target interaction the surface erosion, generation of vapors and their further expansion occurs. The erosion of the fine grain dense graphite looks like explosive above some threshold. The depth of erosion exceeds 500 {mu}m at maximal parameters. This value is up to a factor of 10 more than expected from simple energetic consideration. The experimental estimation of the energy of graphite damage is less then the evaporation energy. The possible mechanism ofmore » graphite explosive-like erosion is discussed.« less
Antitrypanosomal Lead Discovery: Identification of a Ligand-Efficient Inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi CYP51 and Parasite Growth (2013)

Chagas disease is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosomal cruzi , and current drugs are lacking in terms of desired safety and efficacy profiles. Following on a recently reported high-throughput screening campaign, we have explored initial structure-activity relationships around a class of imidazole-based compounds. This profiling has uncovered compounds 4c (NEU321) and 4j (NEU704), which are potent against in vitro cultures of T. cruzi and are greater than 160-fold selective over host cells. We report in vitro drug metabolism and properties profiling of 4c and show that this chemotype inhibits the T. cruzi CYP51 enzyme, an observation confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. We compare the binding orientation of 4c to that of other, previously reported inhibitors. We show that 4c displays a significantly better ligand efficiency and a shorter synthetic route over previously disclosed CYP51 inhibitors, and should therefore be considered a promising lead compound for further optimization.
Low-Complexity No-Reference PSNR Estimation for H.264/AVC Encoded Video (2013)

NA
Supplementary Figure 1 from Targeted Deletion of <i>Prkar1a</i> Reveals a Role for Protein Kinase A in Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Targeted Deletion of &lt;i&gt;Prkar1a&lt;/i&gt; Reveals a Role for Protein Kinase A in Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition
Extraction of new echo-Doppler diagnostic spectral parameters for detecting aortic stenosis (1988)

Parameters extracted from normalized spectrograms obtained by using the apical and left parasternal windows have been investigated to characterize the blood flow disturbance below the aortic valve. The parameters proposed are based on the characterization of spectral broadening and on the evaluation of the power of the spectrograms in various frequency bands. Values for both normal and stenotic aortic valves are described and their usefulness in the quantitative evaluation of aortic valve obstruction is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hypoxic Response ofMycobacterium tuberculosisStudied by Metabolic Labeling and Proteome Analysis of Cellular and Extracellular Proteins (2002)

The events involved in the establishment of a latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not fully understood, but hypoxic conditions are generally believed to be the environment encountered by the pathogen in the central part of the granuloma. The present study was undertaken to provide insight into M. tuberculosis protein expression in in vitro latency models where oxygen is depleted. The response of M. tuberculosis to low-oxygen conditions was investigated in both cellular and extracellular proteins by metabolic labeling, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and protein signature peptide analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. By peptide mass fingerprinting and immunodetection, five proteins more abundant under low-oxygen conditions were identified from several lysates of M. tuberculosis: Rv0569, Rv2031c (HspX), Rv2623, Rv2626c, and Rv3841 (BfrB). In M. tuberculosis culture filtrates, two additional proteins, Rv0363c (Fba) and Rv2780 (Ald), were found in increased amounts under oxygen limitation. These results extend our understanding of the hypoxic response in M. tuberculosis and potentially provide important insights into the physiology of the latent bacilli.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Evaluation of Quinoline Derivatives as Novel Retinoic Acid Receptor α Antagonists. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Desynchronization of coupled electrochemical oscillators with pulse stimulations (2005)

Various stimulation desynchronization techniques are explored in a laboratory experiment on electrochemical oscillators, a system that exhibits transient dynamics, heterogeneities, and inherent noise. Stimulation with a short, single pulse applied at a vulnerable phase can effectively desynchronize a cluster. A double pulse method, that can be applied at any phase, can be improved either by adding an extra weak pulse between the original two pulses or by adding noise to the first pulse.
<title>Fluorescence quenching in proteins: some applications to protein-DNA and protein-lipid interactions</title> (1992)

The authors outline some examples of the advantages found in subdividing overall quenching into heterogeneous contributions. Subdivision is accomplished by overdetermination (global) and association (DAS, decay associated spectral) methods. In some cases, the subdivision of fluorescence leads to the unique identification of different fluorophores in different sites. Alternatively, the recovered components may reflect conformational heterogeneity at each site. For intrinsic protein fluorescence, it is often noted in the literature that single Trp proteins may be multiexponential. Genetic substitution in multi-Trp proteins, however, often leads to very strong (if not complete) lifetime-to-Trp assignment. Even if a single Trp experiences two or more microenvironments, it can be a useful reporter. The linkage of multiple lifetimes and amplitudes to changes in global conformation often reveals a more `sensitive' subpopulation or lifetime component that becomes a better indicator for important conformational states than aggregate intensity can provide. This has proven useful in studying pH transitions of proteins both in solution and embedded in membranes. Energy transfer is particularly useful in differentiating sites at different distances. Further, the disclosure of heterogeneity in distance is clearly superior to the reporting of a mean distance. This report surveys several systems that have been examined via emission DAS techniques, showing how each protein is better understood when viewed in terms of discrete spectral contributions. We conclude with an overview and some details about our construction of an EDAS (excitation-DAS) instrument; i.e., how excitation scans can be incorporated into a time-resolved instrument.
On the Existence of a Spectrum of Equilibria in Adjustment Processes with Persistent Randomness. A Bak-Sneppen Evolution Model Approach (2007)

Most distributed systems and systems depending on their sensing of their surroundings operate under a great deal of uncertainty from many sources. The dynamic behavior of such systems can assume very complex forms [1] inducing complex dynamics that are challenging to observe and control. Their stability analysis in general depends upon the system underlying design and implementation because of the evolutionary character of the models upon which they are built. The nonlinearity of circular causations and feedback effects of their internal dynamics moves the center of mass or energy of such systems from one accumulation point to another within a set when the system is supposed to have achieved its thermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper, we prove the existence of such set and provide a cross-fertilization approach using tools from Physics and Biology to show how one can practically approach the equilibria of this class of systems in their full dynamic complexity. To do this, and to show the originality of our technique, we depart from Freidlin and Wentzell technique that is considered to be the standard in game theory to tackle similar problems, and apply our cross-fertilization technique to an implementation of an extension of the Olafsson's model. We then show the limitation of Freidlin and Wetzell technique and devise our stability analysis method using the same baseline. Stability analysis from which we prove the existence of a spectrum of equilibria for such systems.