gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of thermal properties of GaInN light-emitting diodes and laser diodes (2010)

The thermal properties, including thermal time constants, of GaInN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) are analyzed. The thermal properties of unpackaged LED chips are described by a single time constant, that is, the thermal time constant associated with the substrate. For unpackaged LD chips, we introduce a heat-spreading volume. The thermal properties of unpackaged LD chips are described by a single time constant, that is, the thermal time constant associated with the heat spreading volume. Furthermore, we develop a multistage RthCth thermal model for packaged LEDs. The model shows that the transient response of the junction temperature of LEDs can be described by a multiexponential function. Each time constant of this function is approximately the product of a thermal resistance, Rth, and a thermal capacitance, Cth. The transient response of the junction temperature is measured for a high-power flip-chip LED, emitting at 395 nm, by the forward-voltage method. A two stage RthCth model is used to analyze the thermal properties of the packaged LED. Two time constants, 2.72 ms and 18.8 ms are extracted from the junction temperature decay measurement and attributed to the thermal time constant of the LED GaInN/sapphire chip and LED Si submount, respectively.
A Standardized Technique for Lower Limb Radiography: Practice, Applications, and Error Analysis (1991)

The normal standing radiograph, which provides a view of the knee only, is prone to errors of parallax and poor control of patient positioning. A standardized radiographic procedure was developed to control these sources of error. Anteroposterior and lateral views of the lower limb (hip and knee) are obtained without moving the patient from a standardized position; this includes control of ankle position and limb rotation. To correct for parallax error, radiopaque markers are positioned between the patient and the x-ray source. The locations of bone landmarks and reference markers on the radiographs are digitized, and a software package provides a display of key parameters. Error analysis of the method confirmed that most angles were sensitive to contrived positional variations, especially limb rotation and knee flexion. Load distribution between limbs was not critical. The greatest error was random. Most angles were reproducible within +/- 1.3 degrees or less at 95% confidence.
Mutational Analysis of Rox1, a DNA-Bending Repressor of Hypoxic Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

Rox1 is a repressor of the hypoxic genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It binds to a specific hypoxic consensus sequence in the upstream region of these genes and represses transcription in conjunction with the general repression complex Tup1-Ssn6. In this study, we demonstrated that the first 100 amino acids comprising the HMG domain of Rox1 were responsible for DNA binding and that when bound, Rox1 bent DNA at an angle of 90 degrees. A mutational analysis resulted in the isolation of seven missense mutations, all located within the HMG domain, that caused loss of DNA binding. The effect of these mutations on the structure of Rox1 was evaluated on the basis of the homology between Rox1 and the human male sex-determining protein SRY, for which a structural model is available. The failure to isolate missense mutations in the carboxy-terminal three-quarters of the protein prompted a deletion analysis of this region. The results suggested that this region was responsible for the repression function of Rox1 and that the repression information was redundant. This hypothesis was confirmed by using a set of fusions between sequences encoding the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and portions of ROX1. Those fusions containing either the entire carboxy-terminal region or either half of it were capable of repression. Repression by selected fusions was demonstrated to be dependent on Ssn6.
Parametric convergence analysis of an adaptive filtering algorithm with output quantization (2017)

Parametric convergence analysis of an adaptive filtering algorithm with output quantization
Sputtering pressure effects and temperature-dependent magnetism of Co/Pd multilayers (1994)

The temperature dependence of the sputtering Ar pressure effects on magnetic properties and the coercivity mechanism of Co(2 Å)/Pd(13 Å) multilayers were studied as the sputtering Ar pressure varied from 3–15 mTorr and the temperature from 300 to 35 K. It is found that the roughness of the interfaces or film surface increases with increasing sputtering pressure, the anisotropy increases with decreasing temperature and increasing Ar pressure and shows a maximum at PAr≊12 mTorr, and the coercivity increases with Ar pressure and shows stronger temperature dependence at higher Ar pressure. The coercivity mechanism was analyzed in terms of the coercivity predicted by Kronmüller’s theory [Phys. Status Solidi B 144, 385 (1987)]. Wall pinning is found to be the main mechanism and the size of the pinning site increases slightly as the Ar pressure increases.
Pharmacologic effects and detection methods of methylated analogs of fentanyl in horses (1989)

Pharmacologic effects of alpha-methylfentanyl and 3-methylfentanyl, analogs of fentanyl, were investigated in mares. The ability of an 125I-labeled fentanyl radioimmunoassay (125I-RIA) to detect these methylated fentanyl analogs in individual and pooled urine samples from horses was evaluated. Also, the ability of 7 fentanyl antibodies to react with fentanyl and fentanyl derivatives (sufentanil, alfentanil, and carfentanil) was investigated. Mares were studied in a locomotor test to determine the amount of stimulation methylated fentanyl analogs might induce. Two mares each were given alpha-methylfentanyl at 1, 2, 4, 8, or 13 micrograms/kg of body weight, IV, or 3-methylfentanyl at 0.4, 0.7, or 1 microgram/kg IV. The cross-reactivity of sufentanil, alfentanil, carfentanil, alpha-methylfentanyl, and 3-methylfentanyl with 7 fentanyl antibodies was studied, using the 125I-RIA. All fentanyl analogs, with the exception of alfentanil, cross-reacted well with a C1 antibody raised to fentanyl. Less satisfactory cross-reactivity was determined with 6 other antibodies raised to fentanyl derivatives. When the C1 antibody was combined with an iodinated analog to fentanyl, good detectability of alpha-methylfentanyl and 3-methylfentanyl, in terms of fentanyl equivalents, was obtained from urine samples of dosed mares. The ability of the 125I-RIA to detect methylated fentanyl analogs in forensic urine samples pooled in groups of up to 20 samples was evaluated. When these methylated analogs were administered to mares in doses that induced measurable locomotor stimulation, the analog's presence was readily detected in individual or pooled samples.
"Unmixing" tissues: sparse component analysis in multi-contrast MRI (2005)

We pose the problem of tissue classification in MRI as a blind source separation (BSS) problem and solve it by means of sparse component analysis (SCA). Assuming that most MR images can be sparsely represented, we consider their optimal sparse representation. Sparse components define a physically-meaningful feature space for classification. We demonstrate our approach on simulated and real multi-contrast MRI data. The proposed framework is general in that it is applicable to other modalities of medical imaging as well, whenever the linear mixing model is applicable.
Active Flow Control and Part-Span Slat Interactions (2016)

According to current art, high-lift devices such as leading-edge slats are essential during the takeoff and landing stages of large transport planes. Because of complexity of the mechanical positioning mechanism and of the specific geometry, there are regions on the main wing that are significantly affected by the slat edge and associated (though not resolved in this study) tip vortices. Under adverse conditions, the vortices degrade the exposed region of the wing performance, which results in lower lift and higher drag. In this experimental study, an airfoil with leading-edge slat was tested for performance enhancement of a thick airfoil section with and without operating active flow control system positioned at the 20% chord location. It was found that the slat improved the overall performance and that the active flow control alone can deliver similar performance gains as the slat for this type of wing section with achievable low actuator control input. Part-span slat configurations, covering 31.8 and 77.3% of the span, were also tested. It was found that there are positive effects of the active flow control system on the airfoil three-dimensional flow field and that, in principle, active flow control can reduce or even eliminate the slat-edge adverse effects altogether.
Concentration-dependent ion correlations impact the electrochemical behavior of calcium battery electrolytes (2021)

Ion interactions strongly determine the solvation environments of multivalent electrolytes even at concentrations below that required for practical battery-based energy storage. This statement is particularly true of electrolytes utilizing ethereal solvents due to their low dielectric constants. These solvents are among the most commonly used for multivalent batteries based on reactive metals (Mg, Ca) due to their reductive stability. Recent developments in multivalent electrolyte design have produced a variety of new salts for Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> that test the limits of weak coordination strength and oxidative stability. Such electrolytes have great potential for enabling full-cell cycling of batteries based on these working ions. However, the ion interactions in these electrolytes exhibit significant and non-intuitive concentration relationships. In this work, we investigate a promising exemplar, calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borate (Ca(BHFIP)<sub>2</sub>), in the ethereal solvents 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) across a concentration range of several orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, we find that effective salt dissociation is lower at relatively dilute concentrations (<i>e.g.</i> 0.01 M) than at higher concentrations (<i>e.g.</i> 0.2 M). Combined experimental and computational dielectric and X-ray spectroscopic analyses of the changes occurring in the Ca<sup>2+</sup> solvation environment across these concentration regimes reveals a progressive transition from well-defined solvent-separated ion pairs to de-correlated free ions. This transition in ion correlation results in improvements in both conductivity and calcium cycling stability with increased salt concentration. Comparison with previous findings involving more strongly associating salts highlights the generality of this phenomenon, leading to important insight into controlling ion interactions in ether-based multivalent battery electrolytes.
Synthesis of (Z)-(arylamino)-pyrazolyl/isoxazolyl-2-propenones as tubulin targeting anticancer agents and apoptotic inducers (2015)

A new class of pyrazole and isoxazole conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines. These compounds have shown significant cytotoxicity with lower IC50 values. FACS results revealed that A549 cells treated with these compounds arrested cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle apart from activating cyclin B1 protein levels. Particularly, compounds 9a and 9b demonstrated a remarkable inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization and showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization with IC50 values of 1.28 μM and 0.28 μM respectively, whereas nocodazole, a positive control, has shown lower antitubulin activity with an IC50 value of 2.64 μM. Furthermore, these compounds induced apoptosis by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, propidium iodide (PI) staining and the activation of caspase-3. Results of a fluorescence based competitive colchicine binding assay suggest that these conjugates bind successfully at the colchicine binding site of tubulin. These investigations reveal that such conjugates containing pyrazole with a trimethoxy phenyl ring and indole moieties have potential for the development of newer chemotherapeutic agents.
Ligand-Based Identification of Environmental Estrogens (1996)

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) paradigm, was used to examine the estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinities of a series of structurally diverse natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals of interest. The CoMFA/3D-QSAR model is statistically robust and internally consistent, and successfully illustrates that the overall steric and electrostatic properties of structurally diverse ligands for the estrogen receptor are both necessary and sufficient to describe the binding affinity. The ability of the model to accurately predict the ER binding affinity of an external test set of molecules suggests that structure-based 3D-QSAR models may be used to supplement the process of endocrine disruptor identification through prioritization of novel compounds for bioassay. The general application of this 3D-QSAR model within a toxicological framework is, at present, limited only by the quantity and quality of biological data for relevant biomarkers of toxicity and hormonal responsiveness.
High-Voltage and High-Power PLL Diagnostics using Advanced Cooling and Emission Images (2006)

In this paper, the paper discuss a diagnostics methodology based on the combined use of advanced chip cooling technology and high-resolution time-integrated images of the light emission due to off-state leakage current (LEOSLC). The methodology was successfully applied to the debug of an IBM microprocessor chip fabricated in the 90 nm SOI technology generation
<title>Near-field localization of acoustic sources with imperfect spatial coherence, distributed processing, and low communication bandwidth</title> (2001)

Multiple sensor arrays distributed over a region provide the means for accurate localization of the (x,y) position of a source. When microphone arrays are used to measure aeroacoustic signals from ground vehicles, random fluctuations in the air lead to frequency-selective coherence of the signals that arrive at widely-separated arrays. We have shown previously that even in cases of imperfect spatial coherence, improvements in source localization accuracy are possible when the data from widely-separated arrays are processed jointly by a fusion center. Further, we have shown that a distributed processing scheme involving bearing estimation at individual arrays and time-delay estimation (TDE) between pairs of widely-separated sensors performs nearly as well as the optimum scheme, with significantly lower communication bandwidth. These results were obtained by studying the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on source localization accuracy based on a statistical model for the data measured at the sensors. Refined bounds (Ziv-Zakai) are presented in this paper that imply a threshold value of coherence is needed to achieve accurate TDE between widely-separated sensors. The threshold coherence is a function of the signal to noise ratio, fractional bandwidth, and time-bandwidth product of the observed signals. Results are presented from measured aeroacoustic data that illustrate TDE with widely-separated sensors.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Tussilago farfara (L.) essential oil from Quebec, Canada (2018)

The chemical composition of <i>Tussilago farfara</i> L. essential oil from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of Quebec, Canada was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the antibacterial activity of the oil was tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Forty-five (45) compounds were identified from the GC profile. The main components were 1-nonene (40.1%), α-phellandrene (26.0%) and ρ-cymene (6.6%). The essential oil demonstrated antibacterial activity against <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> = 468 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; MIC<sub>90</sub> = 6869 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) and <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> (MIC<sub>50</sub> = 368 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; MIC<sub>90</sub> = 773 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>). Dodecanoic acid was found to be active against both bacteria having a MIC<sub>50</sub> and MIC<sub>90</sub> of 16.4 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup> and 95 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively for <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> and a MIC<sub>50</sub> and MIC<sub>90</sub> of 9.8 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup> and 27.3 µg·mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively for <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i>. In addition, 1-decene and <i>(E)</i>-cyclodecene were also found to be active against <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>.
A 30 Year-Old Man Infectious Endocarditis and Cerebrovascular Accident (2009)

Case Report A 30 year old male with a remote history of intravenous drugabuse (IVDA) and Hepatitis C was admitted in July 2008 with changes in mental status and a new right sided paresis. According to the family, the patient was in his usual state of health until approximately 2-3 weeks prior to admission when he developed headaches, generalized malaise, and fever to 101 degrees Fahrenheit after swimming in a lake. He was seen in an outside hospital emergency department, diagnosed with otitis media and subsequently discharged on prednisoneand ciprofloxacin. The morning of admission, the patient was found naked, nonverbal, confused and was subsequently taken again to an outside hospital emergency department where he was found to have right sided weakness, diagnosed with a new cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and transferred to TJUH for further management.
Phase I/II Study of the P-Glycoprotein Modulator PSC 833 in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2001)

Combined treatment with infused PSC 833 and DNR is well tolerated and has activity in patients with poor risk acute myeloid leukemia. Administration of PSC 833 delays elimination of daunorubicinol, but yields variable changes in DNR systemic exposure.
First observation of positronium negative ions emitted from tungsten surfaces (2006)

Spontaneous emission of positronium negative ions from polycrystalline tungsten surfaces has been observed for the first time. It is a new channel for the fate of thermalized positrons near the surface. The obtained formation probability is (7 ± 2) × 10−5. This method provides a new source of monoenergetic positronium negative ions for future applications.
Cloning and Characterization of the Murine Ameloblastin Promoter (1999)

The molecular mechanisms directing the highly restricted expression pattern of murine ameloblastin were characterized by cloning and functional analysis of the ameloblastin promoter. The transcription start site, mapped by primer extension, was located 19 base pairs (bp) 5' of the published cDNA. The promoter was analyzed in a mouse ameloblast-like cell line (LS8) and was compared with promoter activity in primary gingival fibroblasts and pulp fibroblasts. Sequential 5'-deletion mutants encompassing DNA sequences from -1616 to -781 bp exhibited high promoter activity in LS8 cells, whereas the promoter activity decreased to 50% of the full-length construct in the -781- and -477-bp regions. The -217-bp promoter region regained promoter activity that approached the activity of the full-length promoter construct, suggesting that both positive and negative cis-acting regions may be involved in ameloblastin transcriptional regulation. Activity of the ameloblastin promoter in gingival and pulp fibroblasts was minimal and ranged from 8 to 30% of the activity in ameloblast-like cells. Several DNA-protein complexes were formed between functionally important promoter fragments and nuclear extracts from LS8 cells. The inactivity of promoter constructs in pulp and gingival fibroblasts as well as the absence of similar DNA-protein complexes from these cells suggest that regulatory regions of the murine ameloblastin promoter may function in a cell-specific manner.
Area-based, loop-free internet routing (2002)

The diffusing update algorithms (DUAL) constitute a family of distributed routing algorithms that has been shown to be loop-free at every instant, to converge after an arbitrary sequence of link-cost or topological changes, and to outperform all other loop-free routing algorithms previously proposed from the standpoint of the combined temporal, message, and storage complexities. Two hierarchical routing schemes based on DUAL are presented to make it more applicable to very large internets. A scheme based on McQuillan's (1974, 1980) hierarchical routing scheme and a backbone-oriented scheme, similar to the one used in OSPF, are introduced to reduce the amount of routing information maintained at each router. The performance of these schemes is compared by simulation to the performance of the basic DUAL, an ideal routing algorithm based on topology broadcast, and OSPF. The simulation results suggest that DUAL with areas outperforms OSPF, and provide additional insight on the performance of OSPF, EIGRP, and area-based routing algorithms in general.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ON THE NONLINEAR MODELING OF RING OSCILLATORS (2009)

We develop higher-order nonlinear models of three-stage and five-stage ring oscillators based on a novel inverter model. The oscillation condition and oscillation frequency are derived and compared to classical linear model analysis. Two important special cases for five-stage ring oscillators are also studied. Numerical simulations are shown.
The temperature dependence of gradient system response characteristics (2019)

The temperature dependency of the GSTF was analyzed for a 3T Siemens scanner. The self- and B<sub>0</sub> -cross-terms can be modeled using a linear and convolution modeling approach based on the three main temperature sensor elements.
Nonlinear absorption and refraction in crystalline silicon in the mid‐infrared (2013)

Abstract The wavelength dependence of the nonlinear absorption and the third order nonlinear refraction of crystalline silicon between m and m as well as at m have been measured. It was found that at all wavelengths multi‐photon and free carrier absorption can be significant. In particular nonlinear absorption can affect silicon devices designed for the mid‐infrared that require strong nonlinear response, such as for the generation of a supercontinuum.
Electroless Cu seed on Ru and Co liners in high aspect ratio TSV (2014)

High aspect ratio through-silicon vias (3 μm diameter by 50 μm depth) have been filled by standard Cu plating process on electroless deposited (ELD) Cu seed layers on conformal liners of Ru or Co. The in-field Cu overburden that was needed to achieve electrochemical fill on the ELD-Cu seed was 600 nm. This is much lower than would have been needed in a conventional scheme with a PVD-Cu seed (of ~ 1500 nm) and, with that, reduces the Cu CMP time. This work shows the feasibility of Cu electroless as deposition technique in a TSV metallization process.