gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and chemical analysis of mixed cation antiferromagnetic layered metal chalcophosphate FeCoP2S6 (2021)

Since the discovery of graphene by Geim and Novoselov in 2004[1], research interest in two dimensional (2D) materials have risen exponentially in the following decades. Great emphasis is placed on the discovery and utilization of new 2D systems that can be used to expand the library of 2D materials for use in next generation devices and applications that goes beyond that of conventional semiconductors. In particular, 2D ferroic materials are of great interest as potential solutions for high density data storage and nonvolatile memory that do not suffer from the constraints of conventional magnetic materials.
Extracting the Relationship between the Spatial Distribution and Types of Bird Vocalizations Using Robot Audition System HARK (2018)

For a deeper understanding of ecological functions and semantics of wild bird vocalizations (i.e., songs and calls), it is important to clarify the fine-scaled and detailed relationships among their characteristics of vocalizations and their behavioral contexts. However, it takes a lot of time and effort to obtain such data using conventional recordings or by human observation. Bringing out a robot to a field is our approach to solve this problem. We are developing a portable observation system called HARKBird using a robot audition HARK and microphone arrays to understand temporal patterns of vocalizations characteristics and their behavioral contexts. In this paper, we introduce a prototype system to 2D localize vocalizations of wild birds in real-time, and to classify their song types after recording. We show that the system can estimate the position of songs of a target individual and classify their songs with a reasonable quality to discuss their song - behavior relationships.
Measurement and minimization of wing tilt in laterally overgrown GaN on a SiO{sub 2} mask. (2000)

No abstract prepared.
Thermoplastic polyurethane–carbon black compounds: Structure, electrical conductivity and sensing of liquids (2002)

Abstract Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) copolymers are interesting host matrices for the incorporation of conductive carbon black (CB) particles. The two‐phase character of the TPU systems provides an opportunity for the CB particles to distribute nonuniformly within the phases, owing to their different characteristics. Thus, in spite of its highly polar nature, the TPU/CB system percolates at a relatively low CB content. The CB presence affects the TPU two‐phase structure, resulting in a large change of its low temperature loss modulus. CB‐containing extruded filaments produced by a capillary rheometer at various shear rates were studied as sensing materials for different alcohols. All filaments displayed an increase in resistance upon exposure to various alcohols. Filaments exposed to methanol exhibited the highest sensitivity. This behavior was related to the sorption kinetics by the TPU/CB compound, which is affected by the different characteristics of the solvents. The resistance of filaments exposed to ethanol or methanol tended to reversibility during the drying cycle, returning to the initial values. The relatively rapid recovery to the filaments' initial resistance values (for methanol and ethanol) suggests that the structural changes due to solvent sorption mainly occur in the outer skin regions of the extruded filaments, whereas the core region remains essentially intact.
Engineering development of advanced coal-fired low-emission boiler systems: Technical progress report No. 16, July-September 1996 (1996)

The overall objective of the Project is the expedited commercialization of advanced coal-fired low-emission boiler systems. The Project is under budget and generally on schedule. The current status is shown in the Milestone Schedule Status Report included as Appendix A. Under Task 7--Component development and optimization, the CeraMem filter testing was completed. Due to an unacceptably high flue gas draft loss, which will not be resolved in the POCTF timeframe, a decision was made to change the design of the flue gas cleaning system from Hot SNO{sub x}{sup {trademark}} to an advanced dry scrubber called New Integrated Desulfurization (NID). However, it is recognized that the CeraMem filter still has the potential to be viable in pulverized coal systems. In Task 8-- Preliminary POCTF design, integrating and optimizing the performance and design of the boiler, turbine/generator and heat exchangers of the Kalina cycle as well as the balance of plant design were completed. Licensing activities continued. A NID system was substituted for the SNO{sub x} Hot Process.
Image segmentation with GA optimized fuzzy reasoning (2004)

In this paper, we present an image segmentation approach, in which fuzzy reasoning is employed in two phases, namely, a denoising phase and a region merging phase. Denoising is realized adaptively, depending on local image characteristics via the use of a set of fuzzy rules. It is an iterative process that terminates based on the variation of information content in the denoised (filtered) image. The denoised image is processed using the Canny operator to generate a gradient magnitude image. This gradient magnitude image is then segmented using the watershed transform. A fuzzy reasoning driven similarity measure is then used to merge the regions resulted from the initial watershed transform segmentation. A genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the segmentation results. Experiments have shown that using the proposed approach, high quality denoising and segmentation performance can be achieved on natural as well as medical images.
Autoregressive modeling of physiological tremor under microsurgical conditions (2008)

Tremor was recorded under simulated vitreoretinal microsurgical conditions as subjects attempted to hold an instrument motionless. Several autoregressive models (AR, ARMA, multivariate, and nonlinear) are generated to predict the next value of tremor. It is shown that a sixth order ARMA model predictor can predict a tremor having an amplitude of 96.6 +/- 84.5 microns RMS with an error of 8.2 +/- 5.9 microns RMS, a mean improvement of 47.5% over simple last-value prediction.
Impact Toughness of 0.3 Mass% Carbon Tempered Martensitic Steels Evaluated by Instrumented Charpy Test (2014)

The effect of tempering temperature on the impact toughness of 0.3 mass% carbon martensitic steels with prior austenite grain (PAG) size of about 6 μm and 30 μm were investigated. Instrumented Charpy impact test (ICIT) method was used to evaluate the impact toughness. The tempering temperature of 723K gives the largest difference in the Charpy impact energy at room temperature (RT) between the specimens with two different PAG sizes. Investigation of the test temperature dependence of Charpy impact energy in the 723K tempered steels shows a steep transition at around 200 K for the 6 μm PAG specimen, while it shows a continuous slow transition in a wide range of temperature for the 60 μm PAG specimen. ICIT waveform analysis shows that the fracture propagation energy in stead of the fracture initiation energy mainly controls the temperature dependence of the impact energy. The carbide size distribution in these two specimens was investigated by SEM and TEM. The 60 μm PAG specimen shows the distribution of coarser carbides than does the 6 μm PAG specimen, which seems to be the main reason for the observed difference between them in the Charpy impact energy and the other properties of impact fracture.
Towards road surface monitoring: Experiments and technical challenges (2009)

This paper discusses results from real-life tests with intelligent road marking units (RMU), placed on the surface of a highway in northern Sweden, to monitor passing vehicles and road properties, as well as making the information available through a wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are starting to gain interest in the area of cooperative safety and efficiency in transport as they can contribute to the reduction of accidents and emissions as well as enhanced driver experiences. Intelligent road markings are another key element for the creation of intelligent transport systems, complementing road side units, devices placed near a road equipped with high-performance computational platforms and long range communication capabilities. This paper shows that RMUs are feasible from the perspectives of low-power consumption, durability, and sensing performance.
A novel servo-control system that imposes desired aortic input impedance on in situ rat heart (2000)

To clarify the pathophysiological role of dynamic arterial properties in cardiovascular diseases, we attempted to develop a new control system that imposes desired aortic impedance on in situ rat left ventricle. In 38 anesthetized open-chest rats, ascending aortic pressure and flow waveforms were continuously sampled (1,000 Hz). Desired flow waveforms were calculated from measured aortic pressure waveforms and target impedance. To minimize the difference between measured and desired aortic flow waveforms, the computer generated commands to the servo-pump, connected to a side branch of the aorta. By iterating the process, we could successfully control aortic impedance in such a way as to manipulate compliance and characteristic impedance between 60 and 160% of their respective native values. The error between desired and measured aortic flow waveforms was 70 +/- 34 microl/s (root mean square; 4.4 +/- 1.4% of peak flow), indicating reasonable accuracy in controlling aortic impedance. This system enables us to examine the importance of dynamic arterial properties independently of other hemodynamic and neurohumoral factors in physiological and clinical settings.
Multiple pathways in the trafficking and assembly of connexin 26, 32 and 43 into gap junction intercellular communication channels (2001)

The assembly of gap junctions was investigated in mammalian cells expressing connexin (Cx) 26, 32 and 43 fused to green, yellow or cyan fluorescent proteins (GFP, YFP, CFP). Targeting of Cx32-CFP and 43-GFP to gap junctions and gap junctional communication was inhibited in cells treated with Brefeldin A, a drug that disassembles the Golgi. However gap junctions constructed of Cx26-GFP were only minimally affected by Brefeldin A. Nocodazole, a microtubule disruptor, had little effect on the assembly of Cx43-GFP gap junctions, but perturbed assembly of Cx26-GFP gap junctions. Co-expression of Cx26-YFP and Cx32-CFP in cells treated with Brefeldin A resulted in assembly of gap junctions constructed of Cx26-YFP. Two amino acids that distinguish Cx26 from Cx32 in transmembrane domains were mutated in Cx32 to investigate underlying mechanisms determining trafficking routes to gap junctions. One mutation, Cx32I28L, conferred on it partial Cx26-like trafficking properties as well the post-translational membrane insertion characteristics of Cx26, suggesting that a key determinant regulating trafficking was present in the first transmembrane domain. The results provide a protein trafficking basis for specifying and regulating connexin composition of gap junctions and thus selectivity of intercellular signaling, with Cx32 and 43 trafficking through the secretory pathway and Cx26 also following an alternative pathway.
Epidemiology and typing of Clostridium difficile (1996)

Clostridium difficile is now established as the most common nosocomial enteric pathogen causing pseudomembranous colitis, antibiotic-associated colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Antibiotic therapy is the most important risk factor in colonization and infection with C. difficile. However, other factors are involved such as age and underlying illness. The introduction of reliable typing and fingerprinting methods has demonstrated hospital acquisition and cross-infection with C. difficile and has been important in improving our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of C. difficile.
Impact of a Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coating on HCCI Engine Combustion, Emissions, and Efficiency (2017)

In-cylinder surface temperature has significant impacts on the thermo-kinetics governing the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) process. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) enable selective manipulation of combustion chamber surface temperature profiles throughout a fired cycle. In this way, TBCs enable a dynamic surface temperature swing, which prevents charge heating during intake while minimizing heat rejection during combustion. This preserves volumetric efficiency while fostering more complete combustion and reducing emissions. This study investigates the effect of a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating on low temperature combustion (LTC), efficiency, and emissions. This is an initial step in a systematic effort to engineer coatings best suited for LTC concepts. A YSZ coating was applied to the top of the aluminum piston using a powder air plasma spray (APS) process; final thickness of the YSZ was approximately 150 μm. The coated piston was subsequently evaluated in the single-cylinder HCCI engine with exhaust re-induction. Engine tests indicated significant advancement of the autoignition point and reduced combustion durations with the YSZ coating. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were reduced, thereby increasing combustion efficiency. The combination of higher combustion efficiency and decreased heat loss during combustion produced tangible improvements in thermal efficiency. When the effects of combustion advance were removed, the overall improvements in emissions and efficiency were lower, but still significant. Overall, the results encourage continued efforts to devise novel coatings for LTC.
Defining a Chromatin Pattern that Characterizes DNA-Hypermethylated Genes in Colon Cancer Cells (2008)

Epigenetic gene regulation is a key determinant of heritable gene expression patterns and is critical for normal cellular function. Dysregulation of epigenetic transcriptional control is a fundamental feature of cancer, particularly manifesting as increased promoter DNA methylation with associated aberrant gene silencing, which plays a significant role in tumor progression. We now globally map key chromatin parameters for genes with promoter CpG island DNA hypermethylation in colon cancer cells by combining microarray gene expression analyses with chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip technology. We first show that the silent state of such genes universally correlates with a broad distribution of a low but distinct level of the PcG-mediated histone modification, methylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me), and a very low level of the active mark H3K4me2. This chromatin pattern, and particularly H3K4me2 levels, crisply separates DNA-hypermethylated genes from those where histone deacetylation is responsible for transcriptional silencing. Moreover, the chromatin pattern can markedly enhance identification of truly silent and DNA-hypermethylated genes. We additionally find that when DNA-hypermethylated genes are demethylated and reexpressed, they adopt a bivalent chromatin pattern, which is associated with the poised gene expression state of a large group of embryonic stem cell genes and is characterized by an increase in levels of both the H3K27me3 and H3K4me2 marks. Our data have great relevance for the increasing interest in reexpression of DNA-hypermethylated genes for the treatment of cancer.
Functional Comparison and Longitudinal Assessment of Tri-Functional T-Cells Recognizing CMV pp65 and IE-1 Polypeptides in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. (2006)

Abstract Reconstitution of adaptive T-cell responses to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is critical to protection from CMV disease following hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT). However, there is an incomplete understanding of which CMV antigens and epitopes are most crucial to providing protective responses. The functional status of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) populations recognizing cytomegalovirus IE-1 and pp65 polypeptides was investigated in PBMC from either HSCT or SOT recipients. Our previous finding of differing levels of degranulation between CMV IE1 and pp65/pp50 specific T-cells was complicated by the possibility that differences were epitope and/or HLA-specific. We generalized the approach using a combined flow-based CD107a/b degranulation/mobilization and intracellular cytokine (ICC) assays using peptide libraries as antigens. These assays indicated that a significantly higher proportion of pp65-specific CTLs were in a more mature functional state compared to IE-1-specific CTLs. Degranulation/multicytokine ICC assays also indicated that a significantly higher proportion of the pp65-specific versus IE-1-specific CTLs secreted both IFN-γ and TNF-α, in addition to possessing greater cytotoxic potential. These results support our earlier findings of functional differences between CTLs recognizing individual epitopes within the IE-1 and pp65 antigens in HSCT recipients, and extend them to a broader array of HLA-restricted responses to those antigens. A report that a subset of HIV-1 specific CTLs capable of producing both IFN-γ and TNF-α was associated with improved cytotoxic activity prompted us to investigate whether degranulation, a functional correlate of cytotoxicity, was positively associated with dual cytokine production and predicted differences between IE1 and pp65-specific CD8+ T-cells. A higher proportion of pp65-specific compared to IE1-specific T-cells were present in the trifunctional IFN-γ+,TNF-α+, CD107+ population (p=0.008) in HSCT recipients. We have extended these findings to investigate the role of donor CMV status in terms of functional maturity of CMV-specific T cell response in transplant recipients. T cell maturation/function may act as a mechanistic correlate to the survival advantage of recipients receiving a stem-cell graft from CMV sero-positive donors. These principles have also been applied to investigations of a high risk population of sero-negative recipients of a sero-positive liver allograft. Data from this study will also be reviewed in the context of the model of trifunctional T cells being indicative of enhanced protective capacity against CMV disease and associated with survival.
FUT2 genotype is a risk factor for biliary candida infections and dominant stenosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis (2013)

Background and aims: A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified FUT2 secretor status and genotype defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs601338 as a potential risk factor in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) that significantly influences biliary bacterial composition. We analyzed the impact of FUT2 genotype on clinical significant parameters, including endoscopic finding and fungal infections.
Equatorial Ionosphere Characterization for Sub-Saharan Africa SBAS (2018)

Performance Based Navigation (PBN) is a concept developed by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) that specifies the operational performance required in an airspace, route or approach procedure. A Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) enhances the performances of the existing satellite navigation system. It is used to deploy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) approach for PBN procedures. The required performance level for vertical guidance is directly linked to approach category criteria. The real performance provided by an SBAS for a single-frequency user depends on the physical characteristics of the ionospheric layer. As Sub-Saharan Africa corresponds to geomagnetic equator region, the question of ionosphere dynamics characterization in equatorial zone is central to gauge what SBAS performance level can be achievable. In the equatorial zone the dynamics of the ionosphere is subject to complex physical phenomena, involving rapid recombination of ion-electron pairs. Moreover these phenomena are transient with high local spatial and temporal gradients. These zones promote the occurrence of scintillation phenomena, bubbles (strong local fall of TEC (Total Electron Content)), and small scale gradients, which must be evaluated for the ionosphere modeling and integrity data generation. Based on a large volume of GNSS measurements covering more than four years of data collected, Thales Alenia Space associated with IRAP (Astrophysics and Planetology Research Institute, Toulouse, France), present a panorama of observed physical events through the ionosphere in Sub-Saharan Africa zone. The main purpose of this study is to establish a clear view on the physical mechanisms that drive the equatorial ionosphere dynamics and the effects on GNSS measurements. This study is supported by information coming from TEC values, TEC gradients amplitudes, and the nature of scintillation events as intensity, impact area and occurrence in time. Conclusion of these activities is to highlight that ionosphere conditions above sub-Saharan area are consistent with the performances level of SBAS approach with vertical guidance. Indeed scientific analyses show that a precise service level is possible on this zone with a very good level of availability above the main airports.
Data from BMI-1 Targeting Interferes with Patient-Derived Tumor-Initiating Cell Survival and Tumor Growth in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Current prostate cancer management calls for identifying novel and more effective therapies. Self-renewing tumor-initiating cells (TICs) hold intrinsic therapy resistance and account for tumor relapse and progression. As BMI-1 regulates stem cell self-renewal, impairing BMI-1 function for TIC-tailored therapies appears to be a promising approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We have previously developed a combined immunophenotypic and time-of-adherence assay to identify CD49b&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt;CD29&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt;CD44&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt; cells as human prostate TICs. We utilized this assay with patient-derived prostate cancer cells and xenograft models to characterize the effects of pharmacologic inhibitors of BMI-1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We demonstrate that in cell lines and patient-derived TICs, BMI-1 expression is upregulated and associated with stem cell–like traits. From a screened library, we identified a number of post-transcriptional small molecules that target BMI-1 in prostate TICs. Pharmacologic inhibition of BMI-1 in patient-derived cells significantly decreased colony formation &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and attenuated tumor initiation &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, thereby functionally diminishing the frequency of TICs, particularly in cells resistant to proliferation- and androgen receptor–directed therapies, without toxic effects on normal tissues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data offer a paradigm for targeting TICs and support the development of BMI-1–targeting therapy for a more effective prostate cancer treatment. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6176–91. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;