gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION STUDY OF DOXORUBICIN LIPOSOMAL PREPARATIONS COATED WITH LAMININ FRAGMENTS (2002)

Immunoliposomes, coated with two peptide sequences and loaded with doxorubicin, were prepared. The influence of different parameters in the sequential steps of liposomal preparations was studied as, for instance, lipid composition, size reduction methods, elimination of non-entrapped drug, and peptide coating sequence. Results were evaluated, such as entrapment efficiency, phospholipid/drug and phospholipid/peptide relationship, and size of final preparations. Effective size reduction was only achieved through probe sonication and the presence of peptides on the surface of liposomes, which does not modify, significantly, the final phospholipid/drug relationship, related to the initial values; however, they promoted a slight increase in the size of final preparations. Dialysis was the most suitable method to wash liposomes from reactants, drug and peptides, as well as being the cleanest process to avoid microbial contamination without significant dilution. Peptide coating yields were similar for liposomal compositions presenting free carboxyl groups on the surface. As determined by other authors, the presence of polyethylene glycol monomethoxy chains on the surface reduces the reactivity of NPGE carboxylic groups.
Genetic Engineering of Lymphangiogenesis in Skin Does Not Affect Blood Pressure in Mouse Models of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension (2022)

Our results suggest that dermal lymphatic vessels are not involved in salt storage or blood pressure regulation in these mouse models of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Temporal force fluctuations measured by tracking individual particles in granular materials under shear (2008)

The network of forces between contacts in a granular material determines the response of the material to an external perturbation. As the shear stress is increased, a static, rigid material can start to yield and flow as it becomes unjammed. The time- and ensemble-averaged distribution of forces shows a marked change in character at this jamming-unjamming transition. Here, we investigate the temporal fluctuations of the forces between individual particles and the external boundary in a dense, slowly sheared system. We find that the fluctuations occur over a very broad range of time scales, resulting in power spectra characterized by a 1/f -type shape and a rollover to 1/f2 behavior above a turnover frequency f*. At very low frequencies additional enhancements over the 1/f contributions are observed in regions of significant in-plane shear. Moreover, the magnitude of the force fluctuation spectra produced by one particle is different from those produced by its neighbors. Such heterogeneities persist over periods of time exceeding our measurement interval (60 h). In this respect they are reminiscent of the dynamic heterogeneities that occur in liquids supercooled toward the glass transition temperature.
Etude du dépiégeage de paroi sous courant dans des pistes micrométriques de super-réseau et spin-valves Co/Ni épitaxiés à aimantation perpendiculaire (2013)

Dans de precedentes etudes, nous avons montre dans des super-reseaux Co/Ni(111) epitaxies que l’aimantation est perpendiculaire pour une epaisseur de Co comprise entre 0,2 et 3,5 monocouche. Il a aussi ete mis en evidence une faible constante d’amortissement autour de 0,01 et une forte polarisation en spin au niveau de Fermi comparativement au Co en volume. Ces caracteristiques montrent que ce systeme Co/Ni epitaxie est potentiellement interessant en vue d’etudier l’effet de transfert de spin (STT).
 Dans cette optique, nous avons focalise notre attention sur l’etude de structures a base de Co/Ni dans des pistes microstructurees de tailles comprises entre 2 a 6µm de large. Le but est d’etudier la propagation et le depiegeage de parois de domaines magnetiques sous champ et/ou sous injection d’un courant polarise (effet STT). Cette etude experimentale a ete realise par Microscopie Kerr et par des mesures de magneto-transport (Hall et GMR). En combinant ces 2 techniques, il nous est possible d’observer directement le deplacement de parois sous champ/courant et d’y faire une etude statistique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons etudie le propagation/depiegeage de parois de domaines magnetiques dans des spin valves [Co/Ni]/Au/[Co/Ni]. Ici nous etudions l’influence d’un courant (pulse a la ms) necessaire pour depieger la paroi qui se trouve sur un defaut bien identifie (defaut intrinseque, non geometrique). Dans ce systeme, en plus de l’effet de STT, des effets de chauffage et du champ d’Oersted cree dans la piste par injection du courant, sont susceptibles de depieger la paroi. En etudiant la probabilite de depiegeage pour differents champs (H+, H-) et courants (I+, I-) positifs et negatifs (Fig 2(a)), nous avons identifie une zone ou l’effet de STT domine le depiegeage de la paroi (voir Fig 2(b).). Dans cette zone, les ajustements theoriques sont en accord avec un modele thermiquement active de type Neel-Brown avec une seule constante de temps associee. Nous obtenons des valeurs de densite de courant critique de l’ordre de 2.1011 A/m² soit legerement inferieures a celles observees dans des systemes Co/Ni deposes par pulverisation cathodique [3]. 
Pour finir, une etude comparative entre ces spin-valves et un systeme comportant une couche unique de super-reseau Co/Ni sera presentee.
Feedback in Coupled-Resonance Optical Waveguides (2012)

Coupled Mode Theory analysis of a new architecture for coupled-resonance optical waveguide design is presented that enables a feedback mechanism in a photonic crystal scheme while also increasing resonant finesse from 2.77 to 10.15.
Quantitative assessment of diffusivity and specularity of surface-textured reflectors for light extraction in light-emitting diodes (2006)

Surface-textured reflectors fabricated by natural lithography and ion beam etching have a specular and a diffusive component of the reflectivity. The diffusely and specularly reflected powers of surface-textured reflectors are measured and analyzed quantitatively in terms of a theoretical model. The diffusive-power-to-total-power ratio is determined and shown to strongly depend on the surface texture. The light extraction efficiency from a waveguide clad by a partially diffuse reflector is analyzed and shown to be enhanced.
SurfaceFleet: Exploring Distributed Interactions Unbounded from Device, Application, User, and Time (2020)

Knowledge work increasingly spans multiple computing surfaces. Yet in status quo user experiences, content as well as tools, behaviors, and workflows are largely bound to the current device-running the current application, for the current user, and at the current moment in time. SurfaceFleet is a system and toolkit that uses resilient distributed programming techniques to explore cross-device interactions that are unbounded in these four dimensions of device, application, user, and time. As a reference implementation, we describe an interface built using SurfaceFleet that employs lightweight, semi-transparent UI elements known as Applets. Applets appear always-on-top of the operating system, application windows, and (conceptually) above the device itself. But all connections and synchronized data are virtualized and made resilient through the cloud. For example, a sharing Applet known as a Portfolio allows a user to drag and drop unbound Interaction Promises into a document. Such promises can then be fulfilled with content asynchronously, at a later time (or multiple times), from another device, and by the same or a different user.
HF radar observation of a tsunami near Chile after the recent great earthquake in Japan (2011)

A 9.0-magnitude undersea earthquake occurred near the coast of Japan on March 11, 2011, and generated a powerful tsunami, which propagated across the Pacific Ocean. The high-frequency (HF) surface wave radar is an operational tool for coastal monitoring worldwide. The oceanographic WERA HF radar located in Chile was in operation and provided measurements in real-time when the tsunami waves reached this region. For the first time impressive tsunami signatures of changing sea surface current velocities were observed by the HF radar system. The tsunami wave train can be clearly seen in the radar measurements. It was found to be significantly correlated with the water level measurements by tide gauges. © 2011 DGON.
Addition of C–C and C–H bonds by pincer-iridium complexes: a combined experimental and computational study (2014)

We report that pincer-ligated iridium complexes undergo oxidative addition of the strained C-C bond of biphenylene. The sterically crowded species ((tBu)PCP)Ir ((R)PCP = κ(3)-1,3-C6H3(CH2PR2)2) initially reacts with biphenylene to selectively add the C(1)-H bond, to give a relatively stable aryl hydride complex. Upon heating at 125 °C for 24 h, full conversion to the C-C addition product, ((tBu)PCP)Ir(2,2'-biphenyl), is observed. The much less crowded ((iPr)PCP)Ir undergoes relatively rapid C-C addition at room temperature. The large difference in the apparent barriers to C-C addition is notable in view of the fact that the addition products are not particularly crowded, since the planar biphenyl unit adopts an orientation perpendicular to the plane of the (R)PCP ligands. Based on DFT calculations the large difference in the barriers to C-C addition can be explained in terms of a "tilted" transition state. In the transition state the biphenylene cyclobutadiene core is calculated to be strongly tilted (ca. 50°-60°) relative to its orientation in the product in the plane perpendicular to that of the PCP ligand; this tilt results in very short, unfavorable, non-bonding contacts with the t-butyl groups in the case of the (tBu)PCP ligand. The conclusions of the biphenylene studies are applied to interpret computational results for cleavage of the unstrained C-C bond of biphenyl by ((R)PCP)Ir.
NOISE ANALYSIS OF A TUNNELING ACCELEROMETER BASED ON STATE SPACE STOCHASTIC THEORY (2008)

This paper presents noise analysis of a lateral tunneling accelerometer, considering Brownian motion, Nyquist-Johnson and shot noise. The tunneling accelerometer has been fabricated; a low noise differential transresistance amplifier and a digital integral controller have been designed and implemented. Noise analysis has been made based on state space models and compared with experimental results.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4, Table 1, Movie Legend from Cancer Cell–Associated MT1-MMP Promotes Blood Vessel Invasion and Distant Metastasis in Triple-Negative Mammary Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4, Table 1, Movie Legend from Cancer Cell–Associated MT1-MMP Promotes Blood Vessel Invasion and Distant Metastasis in Triple-Negative Mammary Tumors
Effect of lithographicallyinduced \nstrain relaxation on the \nmagnetic domain configuration in \nmicrofabricated epitaxially grown \nFe81Ga19 (2017)

We investigate the role of lithographically-induced strain relaxation in a micron-scaled device fabricated from epitaxial thin films of the magnetostrictive alloy Fe81Ga19. The strain relaxation due to lithographic patterning induces a magnetic anisotropy that competes with the magnetocrystalline and shape induced anisotropies to play a crucial role in stabilising a flux-closing domain pattern. We use magnetic imaging, micromagnetic calculations and linear elastic modelling to investigate a region close to the edges of an etched structure. This highly-strained edge region has a significant influence on the magnetic domain configuration due to an induced magnetic anisotropy resulting from the inverse magnetostriction effect. We investigate the competition between the strain-induced and shape-induced anisotropy energies, and the resultant stable domain configurations, as the width of the bar is reduced to the nanoscale range. Understanding this behaviour will be important when designing hybrid magneto-electric spintronic devices based on highly magnetostrictive materials.
Decay of sound in an enclosure with diffusely reflecting boundary (1980)

An integral equation is derived which describes the decay of sound in an enclosure which has diffusely reflecting and non-uniformly absorbent walls. The expression is obtained by constructing the Laplace transform of the time varying sound intensity at each point on the enclosures surface. It is found that after a sufficient time has elapsed after the sound source is removed, the surface intensity and the sound energy density decay exponentially and the rate of decay depends on the distribution of the absorbent material. Numerical solutions are presented for a right rectangular parallelepiped with nonuniform absorption on the walls.
Results and Insights from Diagnostic Questions: The NeurIPS 2020 Education Challenge. (2020)

This competition concerns educational diagnostic questions, which are pedagogically effective, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) whose distractors embody misconceptions. With a large and ever-increasing number of such questions, it becomes overwhelming for teachers to know which questions are the best ones to use for their students. We thus seek to answer the following question: how can we use data on hundreds of millions of answers to MCQs to drive automatic personalized learning in large-scale learning scenarios where manual personalization is infeasible? Success in using MCQ data at scale helps build more intelligent, personalized learning platforms that ultimately improve the quality of education en masse. To this end, we introduce a new, large-scale, real-world dataset and formulate 4 data mining tasks on MCQs that mimic real learning scenarios and target various aspects of the above question in a competition setting at NeurIPS 2020. We report on our NeurIPS competition in which nearly 400 teams submitted approximately 4000 submissions, with encouragingly diverse and effective approaches to each of our tasks.
Review of Life on the Tenure Track: Lessons from the First Year by J.M. Lang (2006)

Purpose To provide an introspective review of one author's account of his first year in a tenure‐track academic career and general recommendations that can be drawn therefrom. Design/methodology/approach A critique of the book Life on the Tenure Track: Lessons from the First Year is presented to assist individuals pursuing or newly engaged in a tenure‐track academic position or to aid those serving as mentors of pre‐tenure faculty members. Areas addressed are balancing professional and personal life domains, teaching, research, service, publishing and tenure. Findings A central theme emerges suggesting that more information and formal and informal guidance are needed to assist new faculty members during the transition into academic positions. A number of practical suggestions and resources are provided. Practical implications A practical resource for new faculty members and graduate students planning to pursue a position in academia. Also a valuable source for administrators or senior faculty members supervising junior colleagues who have recently obtained a tenure‐track position. Originality/value This review identifies and expounds upon salient suggestions provided by author James Lang for surviving the first year of a tenure‐track position.
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and transepidermal elimination in lepromatous leprosy: does T-cell plasticity play a role? (2012)

By understanding the factors that regulate T-cell and cytokine responses in leprosy, it should be possible to recognize these dynamic immunologic processes clinically and histopathologically and devise specific immunologic interventions.
Dienogest, a novel synthetic steroid, overcomes hormone-dependent cancer in a different manner than progestins (1997)

Dienogest showed potent anticancer activity against hormone-dependent cancers at doses at which progestins show no activity.
Error-promoting DNA synthesis in ovarian cancer cells (2013)

All together, these data suggest that the systematic analysis of the DNA replication process in ovarian cancer could uncover information on some of the molecular mechanisms that drive the accumulation of genetic damage, and probably contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
The prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Serpulina pilosicoli in pigs in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea (1998)

Serpulina pilosicoli is the causative agent of intestinal spirochaetosis (IS), a diarrhoeic condition characterised by the end-on attachment of the spirochaetes to the epithelium of the large intestine. A previous study of porcine isolates of S. pilosicoli using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated a high genetic diversity of isolates, although these were collected from a range of geographical locations (1). Although a number of epidemiological studies of S. pilosicoli in pigs have been made in western countries (2, 3), none have been performed in other regions of the world. An epidemiological study was carried out in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea, in order to determine the epidemiology of S. pilosicoli in villagers and domestic animals. The study centered upon European Large White-Landrace pigs in an intensive commercial piggery, and an indigenous species of pig, Sus scrofa papuensis, which were found in nearby villages, and reared under non-intensive conditions.
Analysis of the Development of Membrane Technology for Gas Separation and CO2Capture (2011)

Gas separation is an application area for membrane technology with a long history. As a consequence, several membrane-based gas separations are now mature, although there is still a steady improvement in performance of membranes, and membrane functionalities. During the last decade, membrane gas separation had a new impulse mainly due to emerging environmental application, and the integration of energy production/consumption with environmental concerns. This resulted in a second wave of innovations on all levels, from membrane development to process engineering. This perspective outlines the recent trends in membrane applications related to gas separation, based on the history of scientific research in membrane gas separation, and with reference to competing technologies such as cryogenic distillation, absorption, and adsorption on zeolites or other materials. In addition, the potential of hybrid technologies and newly emerging membrane-based technologies, such as membrane contactors, is probed.
Diving beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) community dissimilarity reveals how low landscape connectivity restricts the ecological value of urban ponds (2022)

Abstract Context Structural and functional connectivity, as subconcepts of landscape connectivity, are key factors in biodiversity conservation and management. Previous studies have focused on the consequences of connectivity for populations of terrestrial organisms, which may not be appropriate for aquatic organisms. Objectives As landscape connectivity critically affects the potential value of ponds for biodiversity, here we used diving beetles (Dytiscidae), an indicator taxon of wetland biodiversity, to investigate how structural connectivity affects functional connectivity to aquatic invertebrates in an urban landscape. Methods We assessed pairwise similarities of dytiscid community, i.e. the variation of species composition between clustered and isolated ponds in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. We investigated how dytiscid community similarity is affected by Euclidean distances between ponds, as an indicator of structural connectivity. Results We found that clustered ponds shared more species than isolated ponds. Dytiscid species community similarity responded negatively to increasing Euclidean distance between ponds. Effectively dispersing species were widely distributed across the landscape, while poor dispersers were scarcely distributed in the same landscape. Conclusions Structural connectivity determines which species are able to disperse successfully, with poor dispersers restricted to well-connected ponds. The different responses of effective dispersers and poor dispersers to the same structural connectivity indicate that functional connectivity determines species composition. We recommend providing well-connected aquatic habitats in urban landscapes and the implementation of measures to reduce isolation of wetland assemblages. Even clustered ponds need dispersal from other habitats to ensure their contribution to urban biodiversity.
Experimental and simulation study of the effect of precipitation structure and grain size on-the behavior of ad730tm ni-based polycrystalline superalloy under tensile loading (2019)

International audience
Influence of Pancreatic Islets on Spheroid Formation and Functions of Hepatocytes in Hepatocyte—Pancreatic Islet Spheroid Culture (2004)

Hepatotrophic stimulation of hepatocytes is necessary to preserve long-term function of hepatocytes in hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial liver system. The main source of hepatotrophic factors in portal venous blood seems to be the pancreatic islets. It was also reported that hepatocyte spheroids, tightly packed multicellular aggregates, showed enhanced liver-specific activities and a prolonged differentiated state compared with cells that were maintained as a monolayer. On the basis of these two facts, the authors tried to form hepatocyte-pancreatic islet spheroids and to evaluate the influence of pancreatic islets on spheroid formation and functions of hepatocytes in spheroid culture. Hepatocytes and pancreatic islet cells were harvested from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g. Hepatocytes were cultured in spinner flasks with either basic nonstimulated medium (hepatocytes only [group BH] and cocultures with islet cells [group BI]) or hormone-stimulated medium (hepatocytes only [group HH] and cocultures with islet cells [group HI]). The size and morphology of spheroids, as determined by phase-contrast microscopy, and liver-specific functions, such as albumin secretion, urea synthesis, and ammonia removal, were compared among groups. The results were as follows: the size of spheroids, 66 +/- 53.4 microm, in group BH on day 2 was smaller than in group BI (179 +/- 66.2 microm on day 2, p < 0.05). In group BI, group HH, and group HI, smooth spheroids were observed on culture day 2. However, in group BH rugged incomplete aggregates were observed on the same day. In groups with basal medium, group BI showed better results in terms of hepatocyte-specific function such as albumin secretion, urea synthesis, and ammonia removal compared with group BH on days 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). In groups with hormone-defined medium, cocultures had no impact on albumin secretion rate, urea synthetic rate, and ammonia removal rate. In conclusion, we made a new type of hepatocyte-pancreatic islet spheroid, using a rotational culture method. Pancreatic islets in a spheroid culture system stimulated hepatocyte spheroid formation and some hepatocyte-specific functions in vitro.
Determination of Correct Implant Size in Radial Head Arthroplasty to Avoid Overlengthening (2010)

Incongruity of the medial ulnohumeral joint becomes apparent radiographically only after overlengthening of the radius by ≥6 mm. Intraoperative visualization of a gap in the lateral ulnohumeral joint is a reliable indicator of overlengthening following the insertion of a radial head prosthesis.