gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular pH regulation in frog skin: a 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance study (1986)

The 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of single frog skins were monitored during perfusion with reference and experimental solutions, permitting each tissue to serve as its own series control. Over an external pH (pHo) range of approximately 7.25-7.64 U, the intracellular pH (pHc) displayed both homeostasis and response. External alkalinization produced a transient intracellular regulation, but pHc returned to its base-line value even in the absence of a further change in pHo. Below this range, pHc was linearly and strongly dependent on pHo with a slope close to 1, when the external pH was varied by addition of nonvolatile base. Measurements were generally performed with tissues bathed in Ringer solutions containing 2.5 mM HCO3- and bubbled with 99% O2-1% CO2. Replacement of external Cl- by gluconate reversibly increased pHc by 0.34 +/- 0.05 U. Substitution of SO4(2-) for Cl- also alkalinized the cells; pHc was increased by 0.16 +/- 0.01 U in the presence of the standard concentration of external HCO3-, but an alkaline shift was only just detectable (0.05 +/- 0.02 U) in its nominal absence. The application of 1 mM 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid blocked the sustained intracellular alkalinization characteristically produced by external Cl- replacement but did not alter the reduction in short-circuit current and increase in transepithelial resistance caused by gluconate substitution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electroplating of Aerosol Jet‐Printed Silver Inks (2021)

Aerosol jet printing of silver inks is a promising approach for 3D printing of electronics, particularly for obtaining very complex circuits with high‐resolution conductive pads and traces. Common silver inks are however not competitive with traditional bulk metal conductors, requiring sintering at high temperatures as well as having significant porosity that can result in early failure. Herein, the possibility of using electroplating to deposit bulk metal copper on aerosol jetted inks is investigated, and more than an order of magnitude reduction in electrical resistivity is shown. The plating rate, resistivity, and adhesion are characterized, along with the morphology of the resulting deposits. This approach is then shown to allow high‐strength soldering to the electroplated metal traces, demonstrating the capability of this technology for integration of soldered surface mount components with aerosol jet‐printed electronics.
Multi-output LLCC-type parallel resonant converter (2002)

A systematic design procedure and experimental results are presented for an LLCC-type parallel resonant converter (PRC-LLCC). A steady-state analysis of the PRC-LLCC that is based on the state variable transformation technique is briefly outlined. This technique makes use of the two-dimensional state-plane diagram. Based on the design technique, a 150 W, 125 kHz multioutput PRC-LLCC power supply has been built to verify the theoretical results. A comparison between this converter and previously designed 150 W LLC and LCC-type parallel resonant power supplies is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Coarse-Grained/Fine-Grained Logic Interface in FPGAs with Embedded Floating-Point Arithmetic Units (2008)

This paper examines the interface between fine-grained and coarse-grained programmable logic in FPGAs. Specifically, it presents an empirical study that covers the location, pin arrangement, and interconnect between embedded floating point units (FPUs) and the fine-grained logic fabric in FPGAs. It also studies this interface in FPGAs which contain both FPUs and embedded memories. The results show that (1) FPUs should have a square aspect ratio; (2) they should be positioned near the center of the FPGA; (3) their I/O pins should be arranged around all four sides of the FPU; (4) embedded memory should be located between the FPUs; and (5) connecting higher I/O density coarse-grained blocks increases the demand for routing resources. The hybrid FPGAs with embedded memory required 12% wider channels than the case where embedded memory is not used.
Reciprocal activation of B cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (2018)

Abstract B cells can be activated at peripheral sites in chronic inflammatory disease, but the mechanisms that drive this, especially in humans, are unclear. We have reported elevated frequencies of Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 2 (EBI2) expressing B cells in tissues from patients with chronic airway inflammation. EBI2 is a marker of extrafollicular plasmablasts, which are activated antibody-secreting cells (ASC). We sought to determine the mechanisms of extrafollicular B cell activation during chronic airway inflammation. ELISpot was used to determine ASC frequency in cells from inflamed nasal tissue or control tonsil tissue. B cells, T cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) were isolated from peripheral blood, and B cells were co-cultured with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) or T cells. EBI2 expression was assessed by flow cytometry, and gene expression changes were assessed by single cell RNA-seq. Inflamed nasal tissue had a higher frequency of ASC compared to tonsil (p&amp;lt;0.05). The majority of the ASC were contained in the EBI2+ B cell subset in nasal and tonsil tissues. Co-culture of B cells and ILC2 significantly increased the frequency of EBI2+ B cells (p&amp;lt;0.01). B cells co-cultured with ILC2 expressed significantly higher levels of CCL17, CCL22, and FceR2 (&amp;gt;5 fold), compared to freshly isolated B cells, or B cells co-cultured with T cells. ILC2 co-cultured with B cells had significantly increased expression of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-2Ra (&amp;gt;7 fold) compared to freshly isolated ILC2. Our data suggest that not only can ILC2 directly activate B cells, but B cells can also enhance ILC2 function. These findings provide new insights into mechanisms that B cells may play in chronic inflammatory disease.
The Local Wavelet Transform: a memory-efficient, high-speed architecture optimized to a Region-Oriented Zero-Tree coder (2000)

The memory required for the implementation of the 2D wavelet transform typically incurs relatively high power consumption and limits the speed performances. In this paper we propose an optimized architecture of the 1D/2D wavelet transform, that reduc
Tunable and stable single-longitudinal-mode dualwavelength erbium fiber laser with 1.3 nm mode spacing output (2008)

In this investigation, we propose and investigate a stable and tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser with self-injected Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) scheme. By using an FP-LD incorporated with a tunable bandpass filter (TBF) within the gain cavity, the fiber laser can lase at two single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) wavelengths simultaneously due to the self-injected operation. The proposed dual-wavelength laser has a good performance of the output power and optical side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR). The laser also shows a wide tuning range from 1523.08 to 1562.26 nm. Besides, the output stabilities of the fiber laser are also discussed.
Determination of Producible Hydrocarbon Type and Oil Quality in Wells Drilled With Synthetic Oil-Based Muds (1999)

Summary Determination of the type and quality of hydrocarbon fluid that can be produced from a formation prior to construction of production facilities is of equal economic importance to predicting the fluid rate and flowing pressure. We have become adept at making such estimates for formations drilled with water-based muds, using open-hole formation evaluation procedures. However, these standard open-hole methods are somewhat handicapped in wells drilled with synthetic oil-based mud because of the chemical and physical similarity between the synthetic oil-based filtrate and any producible oil that may be present. Also complicating the prediction is that in situ hydrocarbons will be miscibly displaced away from the wellbore by the invading oil-based mud filtrate, leaving little or no trace of the original hydrocarbon in the invaded zone. Thus, normal methods that sample fluids in the invaded zone will be of little use in predicting the in situ type and quality of hydrocarbons deeper in the formation. Only when we can pump significant volume of filtrate from the invaded zone to reconnect and sample the virgin fluids are we successful. However, since the in situ oil and filtrate are miscible, diffusion mixes the materials and blurs the interface; as mud filtrate is pumped from the formation into the borehole, the degree of contamination is greater than one might expect, and it is difficult to know when to stop pumping and start sampling. What level of filtrate contamination in the in situ fluid is tolerable? We propose a procedure for enhancing the value of the data derived from a particular open-hole wireline formation tester by quantitatively evaluating in real time the quality of the fluid being collected. The approach focuses on expanding the display of the spectroscopic data as a function of time on a more sensitive scale than has been used previously. This enhanced sensitivity allows one to confidently decide when in the pumping cycle to begin the sampling procedure. The study also utilizes laboratory determined PVT information on collected samples to form a data set that we use to correlate to the wireline derived spectroscopic data. The accuracy of these correlations has been verified with subsequent predictions and corroborated with laboratory measurements. Lastly, we provide a guideline for predicting the pump-out time needed to obtain a fluid sample of a predetermined level of contamination when sampling conditions fall within our range of empirical data.
Identification of 7α-hydroxycephalosporin C as an intermediate in the methoxylation of cephalosporin C by a cell free extract of Streptomyces clavuligerus (1983)

Incubation of cephalosporin C with a cell free extract of Streptomyces clavuligerus resulted in the formation of 7α-hydroxycephalosporin C; the same crude enzyme preparation was shown to methylate synthetic 7α-hydroxycephalosporin C to from 7α-methoxycephalosporin C.
Second Class Currents, Axial Mass and Nuclear Effects in Hyperon Production (2020)

We study the properties of the Cabibbo suppressed quasielastic production of $\Lambda$ and $\Sigma$ hyperons in antineutrino interactions with nuclei, including the effects of modified form factor axial mass, the second class current and SU(3) flavour violations. The hyperon and nucleon are subjected to the nuclear potential and the outgoing hyperon can undergo final state interactions. The hyperon potential has a significant effect on their production through absorption. We predict a significant enhancement of $\Lambda$ production compared with other hyperon production channels through $\Sigma \to \Lambda$ conversions. We produce predictions for several experiments by combining realistic neutrino energy distributions with suitable nuclear targets.
Investigations into the nature of a silicoaluminophosphate with the faujasite structure (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigations into the nature of a silicoaluminophosphate with the faujasite structureLigia Sierra de Saldarriaga, Carlos Saldarriaga, and Mark E. DavisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 9, 2686–2691Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00243a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views675Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (659 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Inhaled PYY(3–36) dry-powder formulation for appetite suppression (2015)

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics results substantiate the ability of pharmacokinetic data to inform pharmacodynamics dose selection for inhalation delivery of the peptide PYY(3-36). Additionally, engineered PYY(3-36):Dextran T10 particles delivered to the respiratory tract show promise as a non-invasive therapeutic for appetite suppression.
Converting borderline-resectable, locally-advanced esophageal carcinoma to resectability with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. (2017)

160 Background: Treatment of T3-4/N+ esophageal cancer is challenging. Outcomes are suboptimal and patterns of care are not well defined for borderline-resectable esophageal cancer (BREC). We present our institutional experience using preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in the management of BREC. Methods: We identified 67 patients with T3-4/N+ BREC who were treated with concurrent CRT between 2009 and 2014. Survival was calculated with Kaplan-Meier curves and cohort comparisons were made with log-rank test and Cox regression. Results: We treated 67 patients (81% males, median age 61 years, and KPS of 80), primarily with T3N2 disease. Median follow-up was 16 months. The most common CRT regimen was 58.8Gy in 28 fractions with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Median survival was 16.5 months. Forty two (62.7%) patients underwent minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy within 100 days of CRT. Resected patients had a median survival of 30.6 vs. 6.4 months without surgery (p&lt;.001). Pathologic complete response and pN0 was 30.0% and 59.5%, respectively. Acute grade 3+ toxicity was seen in 34.3% and late grade 3+ toxicity in 49.3%. Three patients (4.5%) died during CRT or before surgery. Predictors of overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis included age, KPS, male gender, absence of radiographic progression and surgical resection (all p&lt;.05). Surgery remained significant on multivariate analysis (HR 0.215 [95%CI .114-.408, p&lt;.001]). For resected patients, survival was predicted by positive margins, pathologic N stage, and number of positive nodes (all p&lt;.05). The only predictor of OS on multivariate analysis was pathologic N stage, with actuarial 1- and 2-year OS for pN0 vs. pN+ of 96.2%/73.1% vs 53.3%/40.0% (p=.001). pN+ patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (53.3%) had improved survival of 26.7 vs 8.3 months without (p=.023). Conclusions: Preoperative CRT enabled a significant proportion of patients with BREC to proceed with a potentially curative resection. Further investigation with careful patient selection is warranted in incorporating a trimodality strategy to optimize outcomes and better define a treatment algorithm for this complex cohort of patients.
Fractals in Microcavities: Giant Coupled, Multiplicative Enhancement of Optical Responses (2002)

Lasing at extremely low pump intensities, below 1 mW, and dramatically enhanced Raman scattering were observed for a novel class of optical materials, microcavities doped with nano‐structured fractal aggregates. Nanostructured fractal aggregates lead to giant local‐fields concentrated in “hot spots” much smaller in size than the size of the fractal and the wavelength. Coupling the localized plasmon modes in fractal aggregates with microcavity resonances further increases the local fields. These microcomposites possess unique optical characteristics, including extremely large probabilities of radiative processes. An extremely pronounced time‐dependent lasing effect of dye molecules adsorbed on silver particles was also observed in our experiment This time dependence is likely due to photo‐stimulated aggregation of silver colloid particles and the gradient forces pulled fractal aggregates into the high‐field area associated with the morphology‐dependent resonance mode.
Optical Recording Characteristics Of Hydrogen-Implanted Tellurium Films (1987)

Optical data storage technology which has developed rapidly in the last few years has encouraged new research efforts into different materials that can be used as erasable media. Amoung various other materials, chalcogenide thin films such as selenium, tellurium and their alloys have drawn wide attention.<sup>1-4</sup> One may use a laser beam to photothermally switch between the crystalline and amorphous phase of such materials and thus use the difference in the optical constant of the two phases to store information.
Assessment and optimization of functional MRI analyses (1996)

Numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis strategies have been used by different laboratories to enhance the detection of brain activation. A consensus has not been achieved regarding the relative statistical power of different strategies. In this report, we compared several commonly-used data analysis strategies for conventional (nonechoplanar imaging) fMRI data by evaluating statistical testing, spatial filtering, and thresholding. The strategies were assessed using synthetic fMRI images, which were produced by introducing focal "activations" of known intensity, size, and location into "resting" images of six normal volunteers. Three parametric statistical tests (paired t-test, independent t-test, and crosscorrelation coefficient) and three nonparametric statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Mann-Whitney test) were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and normality. The results indicated that the independent t-test and crosscorrelation coefficient were the most powerful statistical tests, performing identically well. The effects of smoothing on the detection of activation were assessed. Sensitivity of detecting brain activation can be enhanced by a factor of 8.7 by spatially filtering the raw image data. The optimal full width at half magnitude (FWHM) of the spatial filter was determined to be two pixels (2 mm) in this study. The conventional intensity-only thresholding (IOT) technique was compared with the combined use of the spatial-extent and intensity thresholding (SEe-IT). A highly significant increase in sensitivity (up to 30-fold) was obtained using the SEe-IT technique compared to the IOT technique. Finally, the SEe-IT method was parametrically optimized. A large extent threshold proved more sensitive for detecting brain activation.
Transhepatic portal vein catheterization for localization of insulinomas: a ten-year experience. (1991)

One of the most important factors in the management of insulinomas is the ability to localize the tumor accurately either before or during surgery. We prospectively carried out transhepatic portal venous sampling (THPVS) for tumor localization in 35 of 40 patients with organic hyperinsulinism during a 10-year period. In 32 patients who underwent THPVS and in whom a single tumor was subsequently identified surgically, the maximal insulin gradient was located in the vicinity of the tumor in 100% of cases. Specific regionalization of the tumor on the basis of the site of the maximal insulin gradient to one of three regions (the tail, the body/neck region, and the head/uncinate region) gave a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 91%. In contrast, the use of specific cutoff levels for the insulin gradient as a guide to the presence of a tumor in one of these three regions did not increase the accuracy, leading instead to a significant loss of sensitivity with no comparable increase in specificity. There were no major complications from the procedure in any patient. The initial use of computed tomographic/ultrasound scanning and selective angiography localized only 46% of tumors, whereas subsequent THPVS led to the accurate preoperative localization of 100% of all tumors submitted to surgery. Although the surgeon would have identified 81% of the tumors correctly at operation, in 19% (n = 6) he would have failed. Four tumors were in the uncinate and two were in the head. It seems that in patients with proved or established organic hyperinsulinism, THPVS may continue to be of value, if only to regionalize the tumor, especially those in the pancreatic head and uncinate process so as to preclude noncurative operations on the body and tail of the pancreas.
Detecting and extracting identifiable information from vehicles in videos (2015)

This paper presents a system to detect and extract identifiable information such as license plates, make, model, color, and bumper stickers present on vehicles. The goal of this work is to develop a system that automatically describes a vehicle just as a person would. This information can be used to improve traffic surveillance systems. The presented solution relies on efficient segmentation and structure of license plates to identify and extract information from vehicles. The system was evaluated on videos captures on Florida highways and is expected to work in other regions with little or no modifications. Results show that license plate was successfully segmented 92% of the cases, the make and the model of the car were segmented out and in 93% of the cases and bumper stickers were segmented in 92.5% of the cases. Over all recognition accuracy was 87%.
Abandonment of Infants by HIV-Positive Women in Russia and Prevention Measures (2009)

Since 1990, Russia has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of abandoned children, associated with harsh socio-economic conditions, increases in drug and alcohol addiction and HIV infection. Approximately 20% of infants born to HIV-positive mothers are abandoned in Russia. To find out why, we conducted 266 qualitative interviews in 2004–05 in four Russian cities, including HIV-positive women who had abandoned their infants and others who had not, relatives of the women (mostly their mothers), HIV-negative women who had abandoned, and medical experts. Unintended pregnancy was cited as the most important factor influencing the decision to abandon. Other important determinants included lack of partner and family support, drug abuse, fear of birth defects or disabilities, negative attitudes of medical professionals, and marginalized socio-economic status. HIV infection was closely linked to many of these reasons. Important avenues for interventions among HIV-positive women emerged, including improved contraceptive information and provision, education of medical personnel and women on HIV prevention and treatment, enhancement of social support, and strengthening of fostering and adoption programmes for HIV-affected families.
Adaptive optics for high-resolution microscopy: Wave front sensing using back scattered light (2012)

Adaptive optics have been used to compensate the detrimental effects of aberrations in a range of high resolution
microscopes. Aberration measurement has been implemented in various way, using direct wave front sensing or
indirect optimisation methods. We investigate how backscattered laser illumination can be used as the source for
direct wave front sensing using a pinhole filtered Shack Hartmann wave front sensor. It is found that the sensor
produces linear response to input aberrations for a given specimen. The gradient of this response is dependent
upon experimental configuration and specimen structure. The double pass nature of the microscope system leads
to lower sensitivity to odd-symmetry aberration modes.
Controlled Decoration of Double Junction N+/N-/N+ Polysilicon Nanobelt Device with Platinum for Hydrogen Gas Sensor Application (2015)

2015 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Controlled Decoration of Double Junction N<sup>+</sup>/N<sup>-</sup>/N<sup>+</sup> Polysilicon Nanobelt Device with Platinum for Hydrogen Gas Sensor Application