gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments in Non-Line-of-Sight Li-Fi Channels (2019)

This paper presents a systematic experimental study of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication channels for a networked mobile optical communication system denoted as Li-Fi. The experimental setup uses high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with wide beam at the transmitter (Tx) and large-area photodiodes (PDs) with wide field-of-view (FOV) at the receiver (Rx). A continuous-wave frequency-sweep based on a vector network analyzer (VNA) yields amplitude and phase responses of the Li-Fi channel at modulation frequencies of up to 200 MHz. Our experiments indicate that IR LEDs compared to white LEDs yield a gain of roughly 10 dBel and a significantly higher bandwidth. Moreover, NLOS signals are found between 25-37 dBel below LOS signals at the same Tx-Rx distance. Finally, NLOS signals have low-pass characteristics in general with a reduced cut-off frequency. Implications of these findings on the design of a mobile Li-Fi system are highlighted.
Theoretical Considerations of Electron Transport in Single and Multiple Quantum Dots (1999)

There are a variety of situations in which carriers sit in small 3-D quantum boxes containing a small number of electrons per box. These dots are characterized by periodic, oscillatory fluctuations in their magnetoconductance, which replicate the partial density of states in the dot itself. Hence, the measured magnetoconductance is a reflection of the energy spectrum of the dot. This carries over to arrays of dots, with the exception that new “superlattice” behavior can be observed in these structures. In this paper, we discuss recent quantum mechanical calculations of the properties of single dots and arrays of dots, and compare the results with experimental observations.
Data-embedding pen (2010)

In this paper we present the first operational version of the data-embedding pen. During writing a pattern, this pen produces an additional ink-dot sequence along the ink stroke of the pattern. The ink-dot sequence represents, for example, meta-information (such as the writer's name and the date of writing) and thus drastically increases the value of the handwriting on a physical paper. Since the information is placed on the paper, it can be extracted just by scanning or photographing the paper. There is no need to get access to any memory on the pen to recover the information. This is useful especially in multi-writer or multi-pen scenarios. The experiments using an encoding scheme and a decoding algorithm showed very promising results. For example, it was proved that we can embed 28 or more bits of information on simple handwritten patterns and decode them with a high reliability.
Bone resorption and response to calcium-regulating hormones in the absence of tissue or urokinase plasminogen activator or of their type 1 inhibitor (1996)

Plasminogen activators (PA) are implicated in cell migration and tissue remodeling, two components of the bone resorption processes. Using mice with inactivated tissue PA (tPA), urokinase PA (uPA), or type 1 PA inhibitor (PAI-1) genes, we evaluated whether these processes, or their stimulation by parathyroid hormone (PTH) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25[OH]2D3) are dependent on these genes. Two culture models were used, one involving 19-day fetal calvariae, to evaluate the direct resorptive activity of osteoclasis, and the other involving 45Ca-labeled 17-day fetal metatarsals, in which this activity depends on preliminary (pre)osteoclast migration. PTH similarly increased (about 10-fold) PA activity in calvariae from wild-type tPA+/+ and uPA+/+ or deficient uPA-/- and PAI-/- mice; it affected only tPA, not uPA. In tPA-/- bones, the low PA levels, due to uPA, were not influenced by PTH. Calcitonin did not affect PA responses to PTH. No differences were observed between tPA+/+, tPA-/-, uPA+/+, and uPA-/- calvariae for any parameter related to bone resorption (development of lacunae, release of calcium and lysosomal enzymes, accumulation of collagenase, loss of hydroxyproline), indicating similar responses to PTH or calcitonin. The progressive 45Ca release was largely similar in cultures of tPA+/+, tPA-/-, uPA+/+, uPA-/-, PAI+/+, or PAI-/- metatarsals and it was similarly enhanced by PTH or 1,25(OH)2D3. However, uPA-/- metatarsals released 45Ca at a slower rate at the beginning of the cultures, suggesting an impaired recruitment of the (pre)osteoclasts, which migrate at that time from the periosteum into the calcified cartilage. Thus, it appears that the direct resorptive activity of the osteoclasts does not necessitate the presence of either tPA or uPA, but uPA is likely to facilitate the migration of the (pre)osteoclasts toward the mineralized surfaces. Although considerably enhanced by PTH, tPA does not mediate the actions of PTH (nor of 1,25[OH]2D3) evaluated in these models.
Perspectives in nanoscale plasma etching: what are the ultimate limits? (2011)

Plasmas have been widely utilized to pattern various materials, from metals to semiconductors and oxides to polymers, for a vast array of applications. The interplay between physical, chemical and material properties that comprises the backbone of plasma etching is discussed in this perspective paper, with a focus on the needed tools and approaches to address the challenges facing plasma etching and to realize the desired pattern transfer fidelity at the nanoscale.
Down-Regulation of Procollagen α1[I] Messenger RNA by Titanium Particles Correlates with Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) Activation and Increased Rel A and NF-κB1 Binding to the Collagen Promoter (2001)

Previously, we showed that exposure of human osteoblasts to titanium particles stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP), activates the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and causes an approximately 50% decrease in the steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) level of procollagen alpha1[I]. In this study, we identify three NF-kappaB binding sites within the human procollagen alpha1[I] gene promoter, show that titanium particles stimulate their binding of the NF-kappaB subunits Rel A (p65) and NF-kappaB1 (p50), and find NF-kappaB activation correlates with collagen gene suppression by titanium particles in osteoblasts. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, which significantly reduce the suppressive effect of titanium particles on collagen gene expression, inhibited NF-kappaB binding activity showing that titanium particle stimulation of PTK signals in osteoblasts are critical for both NF-kappaB activation and collagen gene expression. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which also inhibits the titanium particle suppression of collagen, abrogated the titanium particle activation of NF-kappaB, suggesting the involvement of redox signals in NF-kappaB-mediated collagen gene expression. The RNA polymerase II inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D) decreased procollagen alpha1[I] mRNA expression and effectively blocked the titanium-induced suppressive effect, suggesting that titanium particles activate a cascade of signals in osteoblasts, which result in a suppression of procollagen alpha1[I] mRNA. Collectively, these results show that titanium particles can activate NF-kappaB signaling in osteoblasts and suggest that NF-kappaB binding to the collagen gene promoter has a functional role in the down-regulation of procollagen alpha1[I] gene transcription.
Data-driven Radar Processing Using a Parametric Convolutional Neural Network for Human Activity Classification (2020)

Radar sensors offer a promising and effective sensing modality for human activity classification. Human activity classification enables several smart homes applications for energy saving, human-machine interface for gesture controlled appliances and elderly fall-motion recognition. Present radar-based activity recognition system exploit micro-Doppler signature by generating Doppler spectrograms or video of range-Doppler images (RDIs), followed by deep neural network or machine learning for classification. Although, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) have been shown to implicitly learn features from raw sensor data in other fields, such as camera and speech, yet for the case of radar DCNN preprocessing followed by feature image generation, such as video of RDI or Doppler spectrogram, is required to develop a scalable and robust classification or regression application. In this paper, we propose a parametric convolutional neural network that mimics the radar preprocessing across fast-time and slow-time radar data through 2D sinc filter or 2D wavelet filter kernels to extract features for classification of various human activities. It is demonstrated that our proposed solution shows improved results compared to equivalent state-of-art DCNN solutions that rely on Doppler spectrogram or video of RDIs as feature images.
A highly efficient synthesis of trisubstituted quinolines using sodium hydrogensulfate on silica gel as a reusable catalyst (2007)

o-Aminoaryl ketones underwent smooth condensation with a variety of -methylene ketones in the presence of NaHSO 4 .silica gel as a solid acid catalyst to afford 1,2,3-trisubstituted quinolines in excellent yields. The reusability of the catalyst has made the protocol simple, cost-effective and environmentally benign.
Development of Electron tracking Compton Camera based on micro pixel gas detector and its application for medical imaging (2008)

We have developed the Electron tracking Compton Camera (ETCC) with reconstructing the 3-D tracks of the scattered electron in Compton process for both gamma-ray astronomy and medical imaging [1–3]. By measuring both the directions and energies of a recoil gamma ray and a scattered electron, the direction of the incident gamma ray is determined for an individual photon. Furthermore, a residual measured angle between the recoil electron and scattered gamma ray is powerful for the kinematical background-rejection. For the 3-D tracking of the electrons, the Micro Time Projection Chamber (μ-TPC) was developed, which consists of a new type of the micro pattern gas detector, or a Micro Pixel Gas Chamber (μ-PIC). The ETCC consists of this μ-TPC and the GSO crystal pixel arrays below the μ̃TPC for detecting the recoil gamma rays. The ETCC provided the gamma ray images of point sources between 120keV and ∼1 MeV with the angular resolution of 6 degree (FWHM) at 511keV of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F ion, respectively. Also the angle of the scattered electron was measured with the resolution of ∼80 degree. Two mobile ETCCs with 10cm-cube TPC for small animal and 30cm-cube TPC for human body, are now being operated for Medical Imaging test. We have studied the imaging performances using both phantoms and small animals (rats and mice) for conventional radioisotopes of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">131</sup> I and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F-FDG. In particular, new ETCC with LaBr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> pixel scintillator provides good images similar to SPECT for <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">131</sup> I and human PET for 511keV, respectively, where a clear concentration to tumors in a mouse is observed The 30cm-cube ETCC can get an image for 1m-size length objects in one measurement. Thus, we have carried out several comparisons of our images with those of SPECT and PET. Multi-tracer image using I-131 and FDG for small animal and the image for higher energy gamma ray above 511keV for plants using <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">54</sup> Mn have been carried out successfully. Also several new biomarkers and new radio nuclides were examined to verify the merits of ETCC for medical imaging.
FGF1 containing biodegradable device with peripheral nerve grafts induces corticospinal tract regeneration and motor evoked potentials after spinal cord resection (2012)

The results continue to support that the combination of PNGs and FGF1 may be a regeneration strategy to reinnervate the caudal spinal cord. The new device induced robust MEPs augmented by FGF1, and may be considered for translational research.
Mounting-Angle Estimation for Personal Navigation Devices (2009)

This paper presents several methods to estimate the three mounting angles (roll, pitch, and yaw) of an inertial measurement cluster for use in a personal navigation device (PND) within a ground vehicle. Previous research in global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation systems assumes that the orientation of the inertial cluster relative to the host vehicle is already known. A typical driver would arbitrarily mount a PND in their vehicle, and the driver would have no simple way to measure the PND orientation angles. Proper mechanization of the inertial measurements for navigation requires these angles to be precisely known. Methods utilizing forward and rearward acceleration and vehicle orientation from GPS velocity components to determine the PND mounting angles are described. The pitch, roll, and yaw mounting angles are estimated to within 2° of truth when utilizing consumer-grade accelerometers.
Zweifach verbrückte rac‐Metallocene von Zirconium und Hafnium (1994)

Quantitativ und stereoselektiv konnten rac ‐Metallocene nun erstmals synthetisiert werden. Die neuartigen rac ‐Metallocene 1 wurden aus einfach zugänglichen homoleptischen Metallamiden und nicht‐deprotonierten Cyclopentadienen erhalten. Komplexverbindungen dieses Types kommen als Katalysatoren fü die iso‐taktische Olefin‐Polymerisation in Betracht. M = Zr, Hf; Y = NPh, C 5 H 4 . magnified image
Association of human height-related genetic variants with familial short stature in Han Chinese in Taiwan (2017)

Human height can be described as a classical and inherited trait model. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed susceptible loci and provided insights into the polygenic nature of human height. Familial short stature (FSS) represents a suitable trait for investigating short stature genetics because disease associations with short stature have been ruled out in this case. In addition, FSS is caused only by genetically inherited factors. In this study, we explored the correlations of FSS risk with the genetic loci associated with human height in previous GWAS, alone and cumulatively. We systematically evaluated 34 known human height single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to FSS in the additive model (p < 0.00005). A cumulative effect was observed: the odds ratios gradually increased with increasing genetic risk score quartiles (p < 0.001; Cochran-Armitage trend test). Six affected genes-ZBTB38, ZNF638, LCORL, CABLES1, CDK10, and TSEN15-are located in the nucleus and have been implicated in embryonic, organismal, and tissue development. In conclusion, our study suggests that 13 human height GWAS-identified SNPs are associated with FSS risk both alone and cumulatively.
Liver Transplantation With Hepatitis C Virus–Infected Graft: Interaction Between Donor and Recipient Viral Strains (2003)

Superinfection of different viral strains within a single host provides an opportunity for studying host-virus and virus-virus interactions, including viral interference and genetic recombination, which cannot be studied in infections with single viral strains. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive single-strand RNA virus that establishes persistent infection in as many as 85% of infected individuals. However, there are few reports regarding coinfection or superinfection of HCV. Because of the lack of tissue culture systems and small animal models supporting efficient HCV replication, we explored these issues in the setting of liver transplantation where both recipient and donor were infected with different HCV strains and therefore represent a distinct model for HCV superinfection. Serial serum samples collected at multiple time points were obtained from 6 HCV-positive liver donor/recipient pairs from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases liver transplantation database. At each time point, HCV genotype was determined by both restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, we selectively sequenced 3 full-length HCV isolates at the earliest time points after liver transplantation, including both 5' and 3' ends. Detailed genetic analyses showed that only one strain of HCV could be identified at each time point in all 6 cases. Recipient HCV strains took over in 3 cases, whereas donor HCV strains dominated after liver transplantation in the remaining 3 cases. In conclusion, in all 6 cases studied, there was no genetic recombination detected among HCV quasispecies or between donor and recipient HCV strains.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD) FROM ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (AMP) (1981)

Abstract Behandlung des nach Literaturangaben durch säurekatalysierte Hydrolyse von AMP (Va) erhältlichen Ribosephosphats (I) mit NH 3 gibt das Ribosylamin (III), das nichtisoliert, sondern unmittelbar mit dem Pyridiniumchlorid (II) (NDC) unter Bildung von Nicotinamidmononucleotid (NMN) (IV) kondensiert wird.
Proteomic analysis allows for early detection of potential markers of metabolic impairment in very young obese children (2014)

Proteomic analysis can allow for the identification of potential new candidate biomarkers as a complement to routinely used assays to detect initial changes in serum markers of inflammation and lipid metabolism impairment in young obese children.
State‐of‐the‐Art Electrocatalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Electrocatalysis and Electrocatalysts for DMFC DMFC Electrocatalyst Characterization and Evaluation DMFC Performance Advancement via MEA Design Prospects for DMFC Conclusions References
Transforming spreadsheets with data noodles (2016)

Data wrangling is the term used by data scientists for the work of re-organising data into a new structure, before work starts on reporting or analysis. We present a prototype that applies programming by example methods to data wrangling in spreadsheets. The Data Noodles system guides the user through constructing a simple example that illustrates how they would like their spreadsheet to look. A transformation program is then synthesised and executed to produce the final reshaped spreadsheet.
Promoting Positive Post-Click Experience for In-Stream Yahoo Gemini Users (2015)

Click-through rate (CTR) is the most common metric used to assess the performance of an online advert; another performance of an online advert is the user post-click experience. In this paper, we describe the method we have implemented in Yahoo Gemini to measure the post-click experience on Yahoo mobile news streams via an automatic analysis of advert landing pages. We measure the post-click experience by means of two well-known metrics, dwell time and bounce rate. We show that these metrics can be used as proxy of an advert post-click experience, and that a negative post-click experience has a negative effect on user engagement and future ad clicks. We then put forward an approach that analyses advert landing pages, and show how these can affect dwell time and bounce rate. Finally, we develop a prediction model for advert quality based on dwell time, which was deployed on Yahoo mobile news stream app running on iOS. The results show that, using dwell time as a proxy of post-click experience, we can prioritise higher quality ads. We demonstrate the impact of this on users via A/B testing.
Structural Basis for Amino Acid and tRNA Recognition by Class I Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (2001)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) catalyzes the esterbond formation between the cognate amino acid andtRNA(s). The aminoacylation of tRNA is carried out in atwo-step reaction, the formation of an active intermediate(aminoacyl-adenylate or aa-AMP) from the amino acidand ATP, and the transfer of the aminoacyl moiety of theaa-AMP to the 3′ terminal adenosine (A76) of the tRNA.Strict recognition of both the amino acid and the tRNA bythe aaRS ensures the correct translation of the genetic code...
Cytokine release syndrome associated with chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell therapy: clinicopathological insights (2017)

][4] However, it causes a unique set of toxicities, the foremost of which is cytokine release syndrome (CRS). 5,6The pathophysiology of CRS remains poorly defined, but appears to result from the hyper-activation of CARTs strongly stimulated by the malignant cells, leading to massive production of several cytokines, including interleukin-6. 2,3,6,7This results in capillary leak and profound hypotension in the most severe cases. 8,9To understand the mechanisms of CART-induced CRS, we performed a comprehensive morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analysis of tissues from a patient who succumbed to the syndrome.Detailed methods are described in the supplemental Appendix, available on the Blood Web site.The patient was a 63-year-old man with CD19 1 /CD34 1 /CD10 1 /TdT 1 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).Within 12 hours after infusion of CD19-directed CARTs (CTL019) 1-3 he developed fever, mental status changes, multiorgan dysfunction, and hemodynamic instability.Cytokine serum concentrations, as assessed by multiplex bead assay, rose precipitously postinfusion with the overall profile (supplemental Figure 1A, supplemental Table 1) recapitulating CRS seen in CART-treated B-ALL patients. 7Accordingly, on day 3 postinfusion, his serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration had markedly increased.However, the concentrations of the natural buffers of circulating IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor and soluble glycoprotein 130, 10 had decreased and increased very mildly, respectively.This discrepancy in cytokine vs cytokine receptor concentrations presumably led to higher amount of "unbuffered" IL-6 and possibly contributed to the patient's demise.He was administered
Murine CXCR1 Is a Functional Receptor for GCP-2/CXCL6 and Interleukin-8/CXCL8 (2006)

Functional interleuin-8 (IL-8) receptors (IL-8RA and IL-8RB: CXCR1 and CXCR2, respectively) have been described in human, monkey, dog, rabbit, and guinea pig. Although three IL-8R homologues have been found in rat, only one of these, rat CXCR2, appears to be functional based on responsiveness to ligands. Similarly, CXC chemokines induce biological responses through the murine homolog of CXCR2, but the identification of functional rodent CXCR1 homologues has remained elusive. We have identified and characterized the mouse CXCR1 homologue (mCXCR1). Murine CXCR1 shares 68 and 88% amino acid identity with its human and rat counterparts, respectively. Similar to the tissue distribution pattern of rat CXCR1, we found murine CXCR1 mRNA expression predominantly in lung, stomach, bone marrow, and leukocyte-rich tissues. In contrast to previous reports, we determined that mCXCR1 is a functional receptor. We show predominant engagement of this receptor by mouse GCP-2/CXCL6, human GCP-2, and IL-8/CXCL8 by binding, stimulation of GTPgammaS exchange, and chemotaxis of mCXCR1-transfected cells. Furthermore, murine CXCR1 is not responsive to the human CXCR2 ligands ENA-78/CXCL5, NAP-2/CXCL7, GRO-alpha, -beta, -gamma/CXCL1-3, or rat CINC-1-3. In addition, we show concomitant elevation of mCXCR1 and its proposed major ligand, GCP-2, positively correlated with paw swelling in murine collagen-induced arthritis. This report represents the first description of a functional CXCR1-like receptor in rodents.