gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperplasia of mouse mammary epithelium induced by expression of the Wnt-1 (int-1) oncogene in reconstituted mammary gland. (1992)

We have expressed the Wnt-1 (formerly int-1) oncogene in Balb/c mouse mammary epithelium in vivo, using a tissue reconstitution method in which primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells are infected with a retrovirus vector and then transplanted into mouse mammary fat pads from which the natural epithelium has been removed. Transplants carrying the Wnt-1 gene grew in a hyperplastic pattern, the duct epithelium showing abundant fine side-branches, but without development of clusters of alveoli. The hyperplasias were similar, but not identical, to transplants of normal epithelium in a mid-pregnant host. Transplants of epithelium that expressed Wnt-1 into mammary fat pads of male or ovariectomized females grew to form a similar three-dimensional pattern, but the extent of growth, and so presumably the rate of growth, was slower than in intact females, and there were no terminal end buds at the edges of the outgrowths. Thus, although Wnt-1 may enhance growth of epithelium in the male or ovariectomized-female environment, it does not restore the major mode of growth in the intact female, the extension of major ducts from terminal end buds. Normal epithelium showed no change in morphology when in close proximity to hyperplasia induced by Wnt-1, confirming the limited range of diffusion of Wnt-1 protein in vivo. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Wnt-1 acts principally by mimicking the signal that causes ducts to develop side-branches in pregnancy.
Development of an HDTV MPEG-2 encoder based on multiple enhanced SDTV encoding LSIs (2002)

We have developed a small, low-power HDTV MPEG-2 encoder based on a spatially parallel encoding approach. The encoder consists of multiple enhanced SDTV encoding LSIs, which have already been used to develop a single-chip, low-power MP@ML MPEG-2 video encoder.
Index-based Weather Insurance – Exploring Demand and Take-up (2013)

I. Unpredictable rainfall is the dominant weather-related production risk in agrarian regions, especially in semi-arid areas where cultivation is primarily rain-fed (Skoufias et al., 2010; Dercon et al., 2005). In fact, Parchure (2002) estimated that in India about 90% of variation in crop production levels is caused by variation in rainfall levels and patterns. Recent innovations in the agricultural insurance industry have led to the creation of index-based weather insurance, a product in which an exogenous publicly observable parameter is used to determine insurance payouts. The product reduces the risk of both moral hazard and adverse selection and provides efficiency gains by eliminating the need for in-field assessments. However, existing evidence indicates that take-up rates for index-based weather insurance products is extremely low even when actuarially-fair rainfall insurance contracts are offered (Cole et al., 2009).In brief, this research study seeks to further examine the existing low market demand for indexbased rainfall insurance through a randomized experiment in an environment where informal risksharing networks exist.
Variability of Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing in a Longitudinal Cohort of Young Women (1993)

Our data suggest that a portion of women infected with HPV appear to eliminate the infection over a relatively short period and are at low or no risk of developing disease. Persistent DNA negativity was also found in those women undergoing spontaneous regression. However, a substantial proportion of women remained intermittently positive by RNA-DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. This finding suggests that the virus remains latent in some individuals and may undergo reactivation, defined by sufficient replication to allow detection by means less sensitive than polymerase chain reaction.
Interface between Monoclinic Crystalline Cellulose and Water:  Breakdown of the Odd/Even Duplicity (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionInterface between Monoclinic Crystalline Cellulose and Water: Breakdown of the Odd/Even DuplicityAndreas P. Heiner and Olle TelemanCite this: Langmuir 1997, 13, 26, 7305Publication Date (Web):December 24, 1997Publication History Published online24 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la970966xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la970966xcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (32 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Binding energy,Carbohydrates,Cellulose,Interfaces,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Precursor reaction method with high Ga Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 to achieve increased open-circuit voltage (2019)

The precursor reaction method for the fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS) solar cells potentially allows for low-cost fabrication and scalable processing for manufacturing. Additionally, this process has yielded record efficiencies in lab scale experiments. Thus far, research on the precursor reaction method has been restricted to relatively low Ga compositions in CIGS (Ga/(In+Ga) ≈ 25%). By increasing the ratio of Ga, it is possible to increase bandgap and thus increase open circuit voltage. This work focuses on developing and characterizing the precursor reaction process for use with the higher Ga regime, with the goal of improving open circuit voltage and efficiency. It is shown that with increased Ga ratio, the rate of conversion from precursor to absorber phases is decreased. Additionally, increased Ga improves film adhesion at increased selenization temperatures as well as improving film morphology.
Turning Aluminum Liquid in Picoseconds (2007)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Kandyla, T. Shih, and E. Mazur, "Turning Aluminum Liquid in Picoseconds," Optics & Photonics News 18(12), 44-44 (2007) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
B-Linien und comet tail artifacts als Ultraschall-Reverberationsartefakte am Rande von Lungenkonsolidierungen – eine retrospektive quantitative und qualitative Analyse (2017)

In der „International Consensus Conference on Lung Ultrasound (ICC-LUS)“ von 2012 wurde folgende Aussage über das fokale interstitielle Syndrom getroffen:
Expression of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 transgene in murine liver causes hepatitis (2006)

Enhanced COX-2 expression in hepatocytes is sufficient to induce hepatitis by activating NF-kappaB, stimulating the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, recruiting macrophage and altering cell kinetics. Inhibition of COX-2 represents a mechanism-based chemopreventive approach to hepatitis.
Phenylselenocopper(I) (2001)

[41962-55-4] C6H5CuSe (MW 219.62) InChI = 1S/C6H6Se.Cu/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5,7H;/q;+1/p-1 InChIKey = RNCFLSHUBSKESF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (source of nucleophilic phenylselenide for preparation of lithium alkylphenylselenocuprates and organophosphinecopper(I) phenylselenolate complexes) Physical Data: mp 150 °C (dec). Solubility: partially sol cold THF. Preparative Methods: phenylselenocopper can be prepared by two different procedures (eq 1). In the more straightforward procedure, Benzeneselenol is reacted with copper(I) oxide in ethanol at reflux to yield PhSeCu as a yellow or brown precipitate in 94% yield.1 Similarly, uncharacterized (PhSeCu)n has been prepared from benzeneselenol and Copper(II) Acetate (2∶1) in methanol.2 A second type of preparation involves reaction of Bu2Sn(SePh)2 with copper(II) nitrate in methanol;3 an observed byproduct in this reaction is PhSeSePh. The tin reagent is obtained from PhSeH by reaction with Bu2SnCl2. PhSeCu has also been prepared by direct electrochemical oxidation of Diphenyl Diselenide.6 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: selenium reagents should always be used in a fume hood.
A path toward understanding neurodegeneration (2016)

A focus on cell biology may accelerate progress in disease prevention and cures
Dual Material System for Polymer Large Scale Additive Manufacturing (2020)

Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) technology allows for manufacturing of large-scale objects with a potential to reduce energy embedded in products, reduce or eliminate energy necessary for transportation of goods along with reducing the lead time and cost in some cases. Over the last few years, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been focusing on large-scale printing of single material systems, typically un-reinforced or short fiber reinforced polymers, in order to address needs in stiffness-limited applications. This paper describes the development of a multi-material large-scale AM system through a collaboration with Cincinnati Inc. and Performance Feed Screw Inc. Modifications to the Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) system includes a new extruder design to accommodate a dual feed system, an expanded two-dryer system with a capacity of 273 kg/dryer, and a system that is capable of mixing pelletized materials up to 60Kg/hr. This article highlights the advantages and limitations of the multi-material system as well as potential applications.
Characterization of fast interface states in nitrogen- and phosphorus-treated 4H-SiC MOS capacitors (2015)

We investigate 'fast interface states' at semiconductor-dielectric interfaces in SiC MOS capacitors that underwent three different interface passivation processes: two nitrogen-based annealing techniques (NO and nitrogen-plasma) and phosphosilicate glass (PSG). 'Fast interface' states in this case refer to interface states with response times <1 μs typically used in standard admittance based MOS characterization methods. In order to appropriately characterize the density of interface states (Dit) taking into account these fast states, conductance and high-low frequency C-V methods were used from room temperature down to 100 K. Measuring at lower temperature shifts the response of the fast interface states into the accessible measurement frequency range. The key finding of this work is that while fast interface states were detected in the nitrided samples, such states were not observed in PSG-passivated samples. On the other hand, conventional interface states with time constants similar to those found in silicon samples were detected at room temperature in the PSG samples. The capture cross-section of fast interface states is larger than that of conventional interface states and demonstrates a different energy dependence. These results strongly indicate that the significantly lower density of fast states at the PSG-SiC interface is one of the main reasons for higher channel mobility in PSG MOSFETs.
High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Cyclic Ether with a Low Reduction Potential (2023)

Electrolyte engineering is crucial for developing high-performance lithium metal batteries (LMB). Here, we synthesized two cosolvents methyl bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (MFSI) and 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorotetrahydrofuran (TFF) with significantly different reduction potentials and add them into LiFSI-DME electrolytes. The LiFSI/TFF-DME electrolyte gave an average Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.41 % over 200 cycles, while the average Li CEs for MFSI-based electrolyte is only 98.62 %. Additionally, the TFF-based electrolytes exhibited a more reversible performance than the state-of-the-art fluorinated 1,4-dimethoxylbutane electrolyte in both Li||Cu half-cell and anode-free Cu||LiNi<sub>0.8</sub> Mn<sub>0.1</sub> Co<sub>0.1</sub> O<sub>2</sub> full cell. More importantly, the decomposition product from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion could react with ether solvent, which destroyed the SEI, thus decreasing cell performance. These key discoveries provide new insights into the rational design of electrolyte solvents and cosolvents for LMB.
Device Performance Evaluation of PMOS Devices Fabricated by B<inf>2</inf>H<inf>6</inf>PIII/PLAD Process on Poly-Si Gate Doping (2006)

It has been shown that the PIII/PLAD poly-Si gate doping process offers unique advantages over conventional beam line systems, including system simplification, lower cost, higher throughput, and device performance equivalence or improvement. PMOS devices fabricated by a B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> /H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> PIII/PLAD process on P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> poly-gate doping are intensively evaluated in this paper. In addition to higher throughput, PMOS devices fabricated by a PLAD process showed an equivalent electrical performance to those fabricated by conventional beam line ion implantation, including similar poly-Si gate resistance and depletion, threshold and sub-threshold characteristics, drive current, and gate-oxide integrity.
Clinical Implications of a Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Nomogram Applied to Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance (2015)

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging based nomograms may reasonably decrease the number of repeat biopsies in patients on active surveillance by as much as 68%. Analysis over the full range of nomogram generated probabilities allows patient and caregiver preference based decision making on the risk assumed for the benefit of fewer repeat biopsies.
Experiments with artificially generated noise for cleansing noisy text (2011)

Recent works show that the problem of noisy text normalization can be treated as a machine translation (MT) problem with convincing results. There have been supervised MT approaches which use noisy-regular parallel data for training an MT model, as well as unsupervised models which learn the translation probabilities in alternative ways and try to mimic the MT-based approach. While the supervised approaches suffer from data annotation and domain adaptation difficulties, the unsupervised models lack a holistic approach catering to all types of noise. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to artificially generate noisy text in a controlled way, from any regular English text. We see this approach as an alternative to the unsupervised approaches while getting the advantages of a parallel corpus based MT approach. We generate parallel noisy text from two widely used regular English datasets and test the MT-based approach for text normalization. Semi-supervised approaches were also tried to explore different ways of improving the parallel corpus (manually annotated) based MT approach by using the generated noisy text. An extensive analysis based on comparison of our approaches with both the supervised as well as unsupervised approaches is presented.
T cell–derived interleukin (IL)-21 promotes brain injury following stroke in mice (2014)

T lymphocytes are key contributors to the acute phase of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, but the relevant T cell-derived mediators of tissue injury remain unknown. Using a mouse model of transient focal brain ischemia, we report that IL-21 is highly up-regulated in the injured mouse brain after cerebral ischemia. IL-21-deficient mice have smaller infarcts, improved neurological function, and reduced lymphocyte accumulation in the brain within 24 h of reperfusion. Intracellular cytokine staining and adoptive transfer experiments revealed that brain-infiltrating CD4(+) T cells are the predominant IL-21 source. Mice treated with decoy IL-21 receptor Fc fusion protein are protected from reperfusion injury. In postmortem human brain tissue, IL-21 localized to perivascular CD4(+) T cells in the area surrounding acute stroke lesions, suggesting that IL-21-mediated brain injury may be relevant to human stroke.
Novel Series of Mononuclear Aluminum Complexes for High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2020)

Abstract Light metal complexes, such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al) complexes, are attractive candidates for the fabrication of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials. Nevertheless, mononuclear Al complexes with delayed fluorescence have not been developed so far. In this study, we successfully developed a novel series of highly luminescent Al complexes with two phenylacridine‐modified asymmetric acetylacetonate‐type ligands. These complexes exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 79 % in the solid state with a short delayed fluorescence lifetime of approximately 4 μs. Solution‐processed organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) using these Al complexes exhibit excellent performance with an external quantum efficiency of 17.5 % at 100 cd m −2 . This is the best performance in light metal‐based TADF OLEDs reported so far. The results are expected to guide the advancement of the next‐generation solid‐state lighting technology.
Combining Rheometry and Elastography to Understand Large Deformation Soft Tissue Properties (2012)

Accurate mechanical properties of tissues are essential for inclusion in computational models of impact injury. High quality large deformation (i.e. nonlinearly viscoelastic) tissue properties at high strain rates relevant to injury are limited in literature and this is mostly due to the complexities characterizing nonlinear viscoelastic properties past the linear viscoelastic limit, and experimental challenges at high loading rates. The authors suggest a method of combining static compressive preload and high frequency shear strain to understand large deformation tissue properties in vivo. The authors investigated this method in stages, combining ex vivo rheometry and Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) tests under static preload, and also demonstrated proof of principle in in vivo MRE data.
Near infrared imaging of Mer tyrosine kinase (MERTK) using MERi-SiR reveals tumor associated macrophage uptake in metastatic disease (2017)

The receptor tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK) is a promising drug target in cancer, where it can influence the metastasis-promoting signaling of both tumor cells and immune cells alike; however, no small molecule probes currently exist to selectively image Mer. In this work, we design and synthesize a selective near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe of Mer (MERi-SiR). Confocal microscopy of metastases in mice reveals predominant probe accumulation in Mer-expressing tumor-associated macrophages.
Single-unit analysis of different hippocampal cell types during classical conditioning of rabbit nictitating membrane response (1983)

Extracellular single-unit recordings from neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the dorsal hippocampus were monitored during classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response. Neurons were classified as different cell types using response to fornix stimulation (i.e., antidromic or orthodromic activation) and spontaneous firing characteristics as criteria. Results showed that hippocampal pyramidal neurons exhibit learning-related neural plasticity that develops gradually over the course of classical conditioning. The learning-dependent pyramidal cell response is characterized by an increase in frequency of firing within conditioning trials and a within-trial pattern of discharge that correlates strongly with amplitude-time course of the behavioral response. In contrast, pyramidal cell activity recorded from control animals given unpaired presentations of the conditioned and unconditioned stimulus (CS and UCS) does not show enhanced discharge rates with repeated stimulation. Previous studies of hippocampal cellular electrophysiology have described what has been termed a theta-cell (19-21, 45), the activity of which correlates with slow-wave theta rhythm generated in the hippocampus. Neurons classified as theta-cells in the present study exhibit responses during conditioning that are distinctly different than pyramidal cells. theta-Cells respond during paired conditioning trials with a rhythmic bursting; the between-burst interval occurs at or near 8 Hz. In addition, two different types of theta-cells were distinguishable. One type of theta-cell increases firing frequency above pretrial levels while displaying the theta bursting pattern. The other type decreases firing frequency below pretrial rates while showing a theta-locked discharge. In addition to pyramidal and theta-neurons, several other cell types recorded in or near the pyramidal cell layer could be distinguished. One cell type was distinctive in that it could be activated with a short, invariant latency following fornix stimulation, but spontaneous action potentials of such neurons could not be collided with fornix shock-induced action potentials. These neurons exhibit a different profile of spontaneous firing characteristics than those of antidromically identified pyramidal cells. Nevertheless, neurons in this noncollidable category display the same learning-dependent response as pyramidal cells. It is suggested that the noncollidable neurons represent a subpopulation of pyramidal cells that do not project an axon via the fornix but project, instead, to other limbic cortical regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)