gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic Layer Deposition of GdHfOx Thin Films (2009)

GdHfO x thin films were deposited by atomic-layer deposition (ALD) using Tris(isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl)Gadolinium [Gd(i-PrCp) 3 ] and HfCl 4 in combination with H 2 O as oxidizer. Growth curves show nearly ideal ALD behavior. The growth per cycle is found to be 0.55 Aå, independent of Gd/(Gd+Hf) composition in the studied range. This indicates that the amount of HfO 2 deposited during an HfCl 4 /H 2 O cycle is identical to the amount of Gd 2 O 3 deposited during a Gd(i-PrCp) 3 /H 2 O cycle. The film composition can therefore be deduced from the HfCl 4 /Gd(i-PrCp) 3 cycle ratio. The crystallization of GdHfO x with Gd/(Gd+Hf) contents between 9% and 30% was studied. All films crystallize into a cubic/tetragonal HfO 2 -like phase during spike annealing at 1050{degree sign}C. Cu-bic/tetragonal phases are also observed after laser annealing for 1.5 ms up to 1300{degree sign}C, demonstrating that the cubic/tetragonal phase is thermally stable in this temperature range.
Patient characteristics, operative complications and long-term survival of patients aged 75 years or older subjected to carotid endarterectomy. (2003)

Patients aged 75 years or older operated on for carotid stenosis appear to have similar preoperative characteristics, similar early operative complication rates and a significantly better long-term relative survival, as compared to younger patients going through carotid endarterectomy.
Biosynthesis of Taxoids. Mode of Attachment of the Taxol Side Chain (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of Taxoids. Mode of Attachment of the Taxol Side ChainPaul E. Fleming, Andrew R. Knaggs, Xian-Guo He, Ursula Mocek, and Heinz G. FlossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9, 4137–4138Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00088a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00088a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Disproportionate Lawyer Reporting of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cases with Isotretinoin: A Review of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) (2012)

Purpose: Studies have linked isotretinoin prescribed for acne with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our group has demonstrated that lawyers account for a disproportionate number of reports to the FDA AERS of tardive dyskinesia with metoclopramide. We hypothesized a similar disproportionate reporting of IBD cases developing with isotretinoin and investigated whether a signal distortion was occurring due to the same. Methods: 2,562,390 files between January 2003 and June 2011 were downloaded from the FDA AERS and analyzed using SPSS 20 (IBM Co. Armonk, NY, USA). A search was conducted for cases of IBD reported with isotretinoin as primary suspect (PS) with a usage indication of acne where the type of initial reporter was indicated - lawyer, physician, pharmacist, consumer or other health-professional. Cases that were simultaneously reported by lawyers along with one of the other reporter types were classified under the other reporter category. We also analyzed the trends in reporting by lawyers across all medication versus that for IBD with isotretinoin. Additionally, to estimate the degree to which an excess of lawyer-originated reports have distorted the signals for IBD with isotretinoin, the signal inflation factor (SIF) was calculated with an SIF over 2.0 indicative of a signal-creating bias. The SIF is the ratio of the observed proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and the expected PRR had lawyer-originated reporting for a drug-reaction pair not occurred in excess. Results: There were 1556 PS cases of IBD resulting from isotretinoin where the initial reporter type was indicated. Lawyers reported 1291 (83 %) of cases while physicians reported only 128 (8%) and consumers 113 (7.3%) cases. For the entire FDA AERS, only 77,089 of the total 2,171,462 (3.55%) reports for all drug reactions during the same time period were reported by lawyers. Figure 1 shows the percent (of the total reports for that year) of lawyer initiated reports for isotretinoin and for the AERS as a whole. Additionally, the SIF for IBD with isotretinoin for lawyer initiated reports was calculated at 4.55, signifying a clear signal distortion.Figure: No Caption available.Conclusion: Although isotretinoin exposure appears to be associated with the development of IBD, lawyer initiated reporting may be distorting this pharmacovigilance signal from the FDA AERS.
Spectroelectrochemical Determination of the Temperature Dependence of Reduction Potentials (1982)

Recent advances in applying thin-layer spectroelectrochemical methods to determine formal reduction potentials (E°) and electron stoichiometries (n-values) of metalloproteins have been extended to the study of the temperature dependences of the E°-values of c-type cytochromes. Isothermal and nonisothermal electrochemical cells are described briefly and the conventions used to assign electron transfer reaction entropies, ΔS°rc, to redox half-cell reactions are discussed. Calibration of the nonisothermal behavior of the spectroelectrochemical cells is performed using Fe(1,10-phenanthroline)3+/2+3 and Co(1,10-phenanthroline)3+/2+3 two redox couples for which both isothermal and nonisothermal results are available. A detailed study of the temperature dependence of the formal reduction potential of horse heart cytochrome c yields the following thermodynamic parameters: ΔH°, -14.5 kcal/mol; ΔS°, -28.5 eu; and ΔS°rc, -12.9 eu. Preliminary ΔS°rc values for several other c-type cytochromes are as follows: tuna cytochrome c, -10.3 eu; Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2, -9.6 eu; Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c551, -16.2 eu; Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c′, +0.5 eu; and Rhodopseudomonas palustris cytochrome c′, -6.0 eu.
HfSiO[sub 4] Dielectric Layers Deposited by ALD Using HfCl[sub 4] and NH[sub 2](CH[sub 2])[sub 3]Si(OC[sub 2]H[sub 5])[sub 3] Precursors (2004)

The physical and electrical properties of dielectric layers deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are reported. The precursor chemistries used for deposition were for and for Two processes with precursor pulse ratios of -rich") and -rich") are investigated. Measurements with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show that these processes result in layers with ratios of 0.56 and 0.34-0.37, respectively. X-ray diffraction measurements showed formation of a cubic phase in -rich layers starting at 850°C. In -rich layers, no crystallization was detected up to 1100°C. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with polysilicon electrodes were used for electrical characterization. The k-value of the -rich layers was found to be 4.8-5.4 and that of the -rich layers 12.5-15.1, both with an experimental error of 10%. The leakage currents of both types of layers were comparable to reference data and increased with polysilicon activation anneal. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study revealed phase segregation in thick -rich layers. In -rich layers, the phase segregation was less clear, but upon annealing, composition variations at the interfaces were detected. Given the experimental errors, no impact of phase segregation on the k-values of both types of layers could be detected. It is concluded that postdeposition annealing of layers for application as gate dielectrics applications in advanced complementary MOS technologies is essential to optimize stoichiometry and reduce leakage currents. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Mobility Performance of Aquatic Robot with Propeller Drive (2022)

Aerial drones and underwater drones are used for surveying waterways, but both of them are difficult to use in narrow spaces or in waterside areas with floating obstacles. To investigate in the above environment, we have developed an aquatic robot with a streamlined float propelled by propellers. In this paper, the evaluation of the mobility performance is reported.
Ultra-high-bandwidth monolithic VCSEL arrays for high-speed metro networks (2014)

In this paper, we demonstrate that directly modulated InP short-cavity single-mode VCSEL arrays emitting at 1.55 μm are suitable optical transmitters for metro network applications. We show 400-Gb/s transmission over 400-km standard single mode fiber using a wavelength-division-multiplexed and polarization-division-multiplexed 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulated (4PAM) monolithic VCSEL array, enabled by digital coherent detection.
High prevalence of Escherichia coli clinical isolates in India harbouring four amino acid inserts in PBP3 adversely impacting activity of aztreonam/avibactam (2020)

Clinical resistance to b-lactams is mediated by several enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms such as b-lactamases, PBP alterations and efflux/impermeability.Unlike in Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, b-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is largely mediated through b-lactamases and rarely due to PBP modifications.Previously, Alm et al. 1 described four novel amino acid inserts in PBP3 of NDM-as well as ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from India, China, Thailand, Turkey, Kuwait and Lebanon.These isolates showed elevated aztreonam/avibactam MICs of 4-16 mg/L (aztreonam EUCAST susceptible breakpoint 1 mg/L 2 ) despite aztreonam being stable to NDM and avibactam inhibiting associated serine b-lactamases.The genomic analysis of ftsI encoding PBP3 (primary target of aztreonam) revealed four amino acid insertions (12 bp duplications), YRIN or YRIK, after residue 333.Moreover, these novel inserts were exclusively found in E. coli and not in the large number of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae studied.Previously, Zhang et al., 3 Sader et al. 4 and Kazmierczak et al. 5 also reported PBP3 insertions in E. coli.To assess the prevalence of this resistance mechanism in India, we undertook comprehensive screening of 459 E. coli isolates collected during a 2016-18 surveillance study involving 16 Indian tertiary care hospitals. 6These isolates were from clinical sources such as pus, wound swabs, sputum, tracheal secretions, blood and urine.We determined aztreonam/avibactam MICs (CLSI broth microdilution method) and observed raised aztreonam/avibactam MICs (2-32 mg/L) in 106/459 (23%) isolates.From these isolates, 76 were randomly selected for PBP3 gene analysis using primers designed to amplify the full-length ftsI.We discovered a very high proportion of isolates (72/76) carrying PBP3 insertions of
FATE/MM 20 (2020)

The series of FAT/FAccT events aim at bringing together researchers and practitioners interested in fairness, accountability, transparency and ethics of computational methods. The FATE/MM workshop focuses on addressing these issues in the Multimedia field. Multimedia computing technologies operate today at an unprecedented scale, with a growing community of scientists interested in multimedia models, tools and applications. Such continued growth has great implications not only for the scientific community, but also for the society as a whole. Typical risks of large-scale computational models include model bias and algorithmic discrimination. These risks become particularly prominent in the multimedia field, which historically has been focusing on user-centered technologies. To ensure a healthy and constructive development of the best multimedia technologies, this workshop offers a space to discuss how to develop ethical, fair, unbiased, representative, and transparent multimedia models, bringing together researchers from different areas to present computational solutions to these issues.
Impingement Heat Transfer Within Arrays of Circular Jets: Part II—Effects of Crossflow in the Presence of Roughness Elements (1987)

An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the effects of jet-induced crossflow on impingement heat transfer from rough surfaces. The jets impinged on surfaces having repeated square ribs, with transverse flow of the spent air. Two crossflow schemes were tested: discharge of the spent air through two opposite sides (intermediate crossflow) and through one side (complete or maximum crossflow) of the rectangular impingement surface. The rib height was fixed at 0.813 mm, while the pitch-to-height ratio (p/e) was varied between 6 and 10. The study covered standoff spacing and jet Reynolds number in the range 2 to 16 jet hole diameters and 1300 to 21,000, respectively. Three nozzle plates, having 48, 90, and 180 square-edged holes, were tested. For the maximum crossflow scheme, the presence of roughness results in small upstream reductions in heat transfer coefficient, with marked improvement in the downstream section; indicating that roughness elements can be used to compensate for the degradation that is usually associated with impingement on smooth surfaces.
Condenser micro-mirrors for high speed optical modules (2004)

We have developed a gold-film condenser micro-mirror to help miniaturize optical coupling between high-speed optical chips and optical circuits. Coupling over a path length of 160 /spl mu/m results in loss of only 0.6 dB.
Gas dynamic structure of a shock wave undergoing sudden expansion (1998)

This paper presents a research effort for the study of a shock wave undergoing a sudden expansion. This research effort supports a larger effort dedicated to understanding the turbulent mixing/combustion process as it relates to increased warhead effectiveness. Both experimental and theoretical efforts are being pursued to address the various issues related to time accurate gas dynamic structure and shock induced combustion. To help position the present research thrust, existing literature of the flow structure as it undergoes sudden expansion and combustion processes (i.e., mixing, initiation, sustainment, and/or quenching) is reviewed and time accurate data of expanding shock flows is presented. The experiments conducted in this device will further elucidate some key modeling questions by providing flow visualization as well as pressure/ temperature probe and optic measurements. © 1998, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
Speed Invariant Time Surface for Learning to Detect Corner Points with Event-Based Cameras (2019)

We propose a learning approach to corner detection for event-based cameras that is stable even under fast and abrupt motions. Event-based cameras offer high temporal resolution, power efficiency, and high dynamic range. However, the properties of event-based data are very different compared to standard intensity images, and simple extensions of corner detection methods designed for these images do not perform well on event-based data. We first introduce an efficient way to compute a time surface that is invariant to the speed of the objects. We then show that we can train a Random Forest to recognize events generated by a moving corner from our time surface. Random Forests are also extremely efficient, and therefore a good choice to deal with the high capture frequency of event-based cameras—our implementation processes up to 1.6Mev/s on a single CPU. Thanks to our time surface formulation and this learning approach, our method is significantly more robust to abrupt changes of direction of the corners compared to previous ones. Our method also naturally assigns a confidence score for the corners, which can be useful for postprocessing. Moreover, we introduce a highresolution dataset suitable for quantitative evaluation and comparison of corner detection methods for event-based cameras. We call our approach SILC, for Speed Invariant Learned Corners, and compare it to the state-of-the-art with extensive experiments, showing better performance.
Context dependent neuroprotective properties of prion protein (PrP) (2009)

Although it has been known for more than twenty years that an aberrant conformation of the prion protein (PrP) is the causative agent in prion diseases, the role of PrP in normal biology is undetermined. Numerous studies have suggested a protective function for PrP, including protection from ischemic and excitotoxic lesions and several apoptotic insults. On the other hand, many observations have suggested the contrary, linking changes in PrP localization or domain structure--independent of infectious prion conformation--to severe neuronal damage. Surprisingly, a recent report suggests that PrP is a receptor for toxic oligomeric species of a-beta, a pathogenic fragment of the amyloid precursor protein, and likely contributes to disease pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We sought to access the role of PrP in diverse neurological disorders. First, we confirmed that PrP confers protection against ischemic damage using an acute stroke model, a well characterized association. After ischemic insult, PrP knockouts had dramatically increased infarct volumes and decreased behavioral performance compared to controls. To examine the potential of PrP's neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties in the context of other pathologies, we deleted PrP from several transgenic models of neurodegenerative disease. Deletion of PrP did not substantially alter the disease phenotypes of mouse models of Parkinson disease or tauopathy. Deletion of PrP in one of two Huntington disease models tested, R6/2, modestly slowed motor deterioration as measured on an accelerating rotarod but otherwise did not alter other major features of the disease. Finally, transgenic overexpression of PrP did not exacerbate the Huntington motor phenotype. These results suggest that PrP has a context-dependent neuroprotective function and does not broadly contribute to the disease models tested herein.
Mining tourist information from user-supplied collections (2009)

Tourist photographs constitute a large part of the images uploaded to photo sharing platforms. But filtering methods are needed before one can extract useful knowledge from noisy user-supplied metadata. Here we show how to extract clean trip related information (what people visit, for how long, panoramic spots) from Flickr metadata. We illustrate our technique on a sample of metadata and images covering 183 cities of different size and from different parts of the world.
The production of high-energy electrons from the interaction of an intense laser pulse with an underdense plasma (2003)

Abstract The interaction of an intense laser pulse (intensity, greater than 1019 Wcm−2) has been studied with underdense deuterium plasmas. The laser pulse is found to be self-modulated at the plasma frequency by the Raman forward-scatter instability. Wave breaking of the resulting plasma wave causes high-energy electrons to be accelerated beyond 100MeV.
PreSenseII (2006)

This paper introduces a new input device called "PreSenseII" that recognizes position, touch and pressure of a user's finger. This input device acts as a normal touchpad, but also senses pressure for additional control. Tactile feedback is provided to indicate the state of the user interface to the user. By sensing the finger contact area, pressure can be treated in two ways. This combination enables various user interactions, including multiple hardware button emulation, map scrolling with continuous scale change, and list scrolling with pressure-based speed control.
Affinity Purification of Immunoglobulins Using Protein A Mimetic (PAM) (2009)

While antibodies of the G class can be conveniently purified by affinity chromatography using immobilized protein A or G even at large scale, scaling up purification of IgM, IgA, and IgE and IgY still presents several problems, as specific and cost-effective ligands for these classes of immunoglobulins are not available. Protein A (1), which is widely used for the affinity purification of antibodies from sera or cell culture supernatants, does not recognize immunoglobulins of the M, A, E, and Y classes well and is not used to capture and purify these immunoglobulins from crude sources. Moreover, these two proteins are obtained from microorganisms or genetically modified bacteria, which carries the risk of affecting the safety of the purified antibodies through the presence of contaminants such as viruses, pirogens, or DNA fragments. As a result, the availability of alternative ligands for the affinity purification of antibodies is highly important from an industrial aspect. After immobilization on solid supports, the mannan binding protein (MBP), an affinity ligand for IgM, provides affinity media useful for IgM isolation based on a temperature-dependent interaction of the ligand with the immunoglobulins (2). The use of immobilized MBP for the purification of IgM is based on the adsorption in the presence of calcium at a temperature of 4°C, and the elution at room temperature of adsorbed immunoglobulins in the presence of ethylene- diamineotetraacetic acid (EDTA). This ligand shows low binding affinity for IgG, but binds to bovine and human IgM with lower affinity than murine IgM. However, in addition to the complexity of MBP isolation, functional binding capacities of MBP columns are limited to 1 or 2 mg of IgM per milliliter of support. IgA, which is involved in the first specific defense against natural infection (3) and represents the second most abundant immunoglobulin in serum (4), can be purified through the combination of different fractionation techniques such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration (5, 6). All these procedures are time consuming, labor intensive, and are not compatible with industrial scaling up. Lectin jacalin, isolated from jackfruit seeds (7), binds to IgA and can be conveniently used for the affinity purification of IgA from colostrum or serum (8). However, several aspects limit the use of this lectin for large-scale purification of monoclonal IgA from cell culture supernatants. First, jacalin is a biologically active lectin, being a potent T cell mitogen and a strong B cell polyclonal activator (9), thus requiring a careful control for ligand leakage into the purified preparation. Second, jacalin binds to the carbohydrate moiety of IgA, and d-galactose is required to elute IgA from affinity columns, which is costly and impractical for large-scale operations.