gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid‐treated g‐C3N4‐Cu2O composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation (2018)

Acid‐treated g‐C 3 N 4 ‐Cu 2 O was prepared by hydrothermal reduction followed by high temperature calcination and acid exfoliation. The structures and properties of as‐synthesized samples were characterized using a range of techniques, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring the photodegradation of methyl orange under visible‐light irradiation. Based on the results of TEM, XPS, EPR and other techniques, it was verified that a heterojunction was formed. The acid treatment process can increase the specific surface area to form abundant heterojunction interfaces as channels for photo‐generated carrier separation, thereby enhancing its light utilization and quantum efficiency. Results indicate that acid‐treated g‐C 3 N 4 ‐Cu 2 O possesses a large specific surface area, which provides plentiful activated sites for heterojunctions to form; in addition, it showed a high visible light effect and the minimum charge‐transfer resistance. Furthermore, the g‐C 3 N 4 ‐Cu 2 O material exhibits high levels of effectiveness and stability. Electron paramagnetic resonance and a series of radical trapping experiments demonstrate that the holes and •O 2 − could be the main active species in methyl orange photodegradation. This work could provide new insights into the fabrication of composite materials as high‐performance photocatalysts, and facilitate their application in addressing environmental protection issues.
Structural and optical nonlinear properties of CdSxSe1-x-doped glass films (1990)

We present the fabrication procedure and material characterizations of semiconductor microcrystallite-doped glass films made by the cosputtering of Corning 7059 and Cd x SSe 1-x . Based onx-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the chemical composition of the deposited films was evaluated. The presence of the semiconductor crystallites was verified by Raman spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that the average microcrystallite diameters ranged from 3 to 5 nm. The semiconductor crystallites grow with the temperature of the postdeposition thermal treatment. This was directly verified by TEM measurements and was indirectly verified by a blue shift of the transmission and luminescence spectra. The refractive index and absorption coefficient have been measured with ellipsometric and prism-coupling techniques. The results are shown for several wavelengths.
Hydrogels and Bioprinting in Bone Tissue Engineering: Creating Artificial Stem‐Cell Niches for In Vitro Models (2023)

Advances in bioprinting have enabled the fabrication of complex tissue constructs with high speed and resolution. However, there remains significant structural and biological complexity within tissues that bioprinting is unable to recapitulate. Bone, for example, has a hierarchical organization ranging from the molecular to whole organ level. Current bioprinting techniques and the materials employed have imposed limits on the scale, speed, and resolution that can be achieved, rendering the technique unable to reproduce the structural hierarchies and cell-matrix interactions that are observed in bone. The shift toward biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering, where hydrogels provide biophysical and biochemical cues to encapsulated cells, is a promising approach to enhancing the biological function and development of tissues for in vitro modeling. A major focus in bioprinting of bone tissue for in vitro modeling is creating dynamic microenvironmental niches to support, stimulate, and direct the cellular processes for bone formation and remodeling. Hydrogels are ideal materials for imitating the extracellular matrix since they can be engineered to present various cues whilst allowing bioprinting. Here, recent advances in hydrogels and 3D bioprinting toward creating a microenvironmental niche that is conducive to tissue engineering of in vitro models of bone are reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Rearrangement Reactions of C‐Alkylidene Carbohydrates. (1987)

Abstract Direct olefination of various uloses such as (I), (III), (V), and (VII), produces the corresponding alkylidene products.
Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Cells in Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate–Modified Hydrogels (2006)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the potential to self-renew and generate multiple cell types, producing critical building blocks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe the efficient derivation and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal-like cells from hESCs. These cells exhibit mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface markers, including CD29, CD44, CD105, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha. Under appropriate growth conditions, the hESC-derived cells proliferated without phenotypic changes and maintained MSC surface markers. The chondrogenic capacity of the cells was studied in pellet culture and after encapsulation in poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels with exogenous extracellular proteins or arginineglycine- aspartate (RGD)-modified PEGDA hydrogels. The hESC-derived cells exhibited growth factor- dependent matrix production in pellet culture but did not produce tissue characteristic of cartilage morphology. In PEGDA hydrogels containing exogenous hyaluronic acid or type I collagen, no significant cell growth or matrix production was observed. In contrast, when these cells were encapsulated in RGDmodified poly(ethylene glycol)hydrogels, neocartilage with basophilic extracellular matrix deposition was observed within 3 weeks of culture, producing cartilage-specific gene up-regulation and extracellular matrix production. Our results indicate that precursor cells characteristic of a MSC population can be cultured from differentiating hESCs through embryoid bodies, thus holding great promise for a potentially unlimited source of cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
DBP Reactivity of Organic Matter Fractions Collected During Extreme Weather Events (2014)

A systematic study of disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation from dissolved organic matter (DOM) of six southwestern water samples, three of which were collected during climatic events was performed. DOM was evaluated in its natural state in whole water samples and in a fractionated state where the DOM was isolated through concentration and resin fractionation. Study included evaluation of DBP formation at 1 hour and 7 days during a DBP formation potential test to elucidate the rate of DOM reactivity. Additionally, fractionated DOM was isolated in a manner such that mathematical reconstruction of whole water DBP formation was possible using the results of individual DOM fraction DBP formation potential tests.
MEMS Tunable Filters for LWIR Spectral Imaging (2007)

The adaptive focal plane array (AFPA) is a new spectral imaging technology integrating an array of MEMS tunable filters with a dual-band IR focal plane array. This will provide the ability to acquire spectrally-tuned spatial information in the LWIR while preserving broadband imaging capability in the MWIR. A key component of this device is the MEMS tunable filter array, which involves consideration of multiple factors: static mechanics, dynamic response, electrical actuation, optical response, and integration compatibility. This paper presents the development and status of the MEMS element and its integration into the AFPA device.
Velocity Profile Measurement in Turbulent Pipe Flow Using Ultrasound Time-Domain Correlation Method (2002)

This paper presents a velocity profile measurement technique using a ultrasound time-domain correlation method (UTDC). The system is based on the cross correlation between two consecutive echoes of ultrasonic pulses to detect the velocity. The UTDC has two advantages over a conventional ultrasound pulse Doppler method. First, the system has a higher time resolution than the pulse Doppler method. Second, the system does not have a limitation in maximum measurable velocity, which is limited by Nyquist’s sampling theorem. In this paper, the velocity profile measurement in turbulent pipe flow using the UTDC is performed.
A new approach to genetic alteration of soybean protein composition and quality (1997)

Abstract Although soybeans produce high‐quality meal, modern animal and fish production systems often require synthetic essential amino acid supplements to fortify feed rations. However, biotechnology may enable development of soybeans with naturally adequate levels of certain essential amino acids for advanced feed formulations. One approach involves genetic manipulation of glycinin (11S) and β‐conglycinin (7S) contents, the principal components of soybean storage proteins. Because 11S contains more cysteine and methionine than 7S protein, a higher 11S:7S ratio could lead to beneficial changes in the nutritional quality of soybean meal. Although genotypic variation for 11S:7S may be low among soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm, ratios ranging from 1.7–4.9 were observed among accessions of the wild ancestor of cultivated soybean ( Glycine soja Sieb, and Zucc.). Thus, wild soybean germplasm was evaluated as a potential source of genes that govern protein synthesis that may have been lost during the domestication of G. max . Change in the amount of 11S protein accounts for a significant portion of the genotypic variation in protein concentration and composition among wild soybeans. Strong positive correlation exists between the 11S:7S ratio and methionine or cysteine concentration of total protein. Moderate positive associations were found for threonine or tyrosine. A moderate negative correlation was found between lysine and 11S:7S. No association was found for leucine and phenylalanine or for total essential amino acid concentration. Based on these data, G. soja may contain a different complement of genes that influence expression of 11S and 7S proteins than G. max germplasm. Thus, through interspecific hybridization, wild soybeans may be a useful genetic resource for the further improvement of protein quality in cultivated soybeans.
Launaea nudicaulis as a Source of New and Efficient Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Medium: A Comparative Study of Two Solvent Extracts (2014)

The inhibitive effect of Launaea nudicaulis methanolic (MLN) and aqueous acidic (ALN) extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated by using weight loss, Tafel plots, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as SEM and EDS techniques. It was found that both extracts (MLN and ALN) inhibit remarkably the corrosion of mild steel in acidic solution and inhibition efficiencies increased with the increase of extracts concentration. The results revealed that MLN and ALN behaved as mixed type corrosion inhibitors with predominant anodic effectiveness. Inhibition efficiencies obtained from weight loss and electrochemical experiments were in good agreement and they were up to 92.5 % for MLN and 87.2 % for ALN. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel was studied in the range of 298K- 328 ±1K. Adsorption behavior of both green inhibitors on the MS surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and they inhibited the corrosion of mild steel by adsorption mechanism where the adsorption process involved was spontaneous, exothermic and physically adsorbed (physisorption). Surface morphology study through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis showed a significant improvement on the surface morphology of the mild steel plate in the presence of MLN as well as ALN in 1.0 M HCl media. However, MLN was found to be more potent than ALN. The results showed that L. nudicaulis extracts could serve as efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid environment.
The GenLOT: generalized linear-phase lapped orthogonal transform (1996)

The general factorization of a linear-phase paraunitary filter bank (LPPUFB) is revisited. From this new perspective, a class of lapped orthogonal transforms with extended overlap (generalized linear-phase lapped orthogonal transforms (GenLOTs)) is developed as a subclass of the general class of LPPUFB. In this formulation, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is the order-1 GenLOT, the lapped orthogonal transform is the order-2 GenLOT, and so on, for any filter length that is an integer multiple of the block size. The GenLOTs are based on the DCT and have fast implementation algorithms. The implementation of GenLOTs is explained, including the method to process finite-length signals. The degrees of freedom in the design of GenLOTs are described, and design examples are presented along with image compression tests.
SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF METAL IONS ON CROSSLINKED POLY(VINYLPYRIDINE) RESIN PREPARED WITH A METAL ION AS A TEMPLATE (1976)

Abstract A new chelate resin was prepared by crosslinking poly(4-vinylpyridine) with a metal ion (Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Hg2+) as a template. The resin comparatively adsorbed the metal ion which was used as a template. The stability constants of the copper complexes with the resins were measured.
Deux nouvelles mutations dans le gène du récepteur du calcium (CASR) entraînant respectivement une hypo- et une hypercalcémie (2010)

peer reviewed
PEAβ Triggers Cognitive Decline and Amyloid Burden in a Novel Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Understanding the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has improved substantially based on studies of mouse models mimicking at least one aspect of the disease. Many transgenic lines have been established, leading to amyloidosis but lacking neurodegeneration. The aim of the current study was to generate a novel mouse model that develops neuritic plaques containing the aggressive pyroglutamate modified amyloid-β (pEAβ) species in the brain. The TAPS line was developed by intercrossing of the pEAβ-producing TBA2.1 mice with the plaque-developing line APPswe/PS1ΔE9. The phenotype of the new mouse line was characterized using immunostaining, and different cognitive and general behavioral tests. In comparison to the parental lines, TAPS animals developed an earlier onset of pathology and increased plaque load, including striatal pEAβ-positive neuritic plaques, and enhanced neuroinflammation. In addition to abnormalities in general behavior, locomotion, and exploratory behavior, TAPS mice displayed cognitive deficits in a variety of tests that were most pronounced in the fear conditioning paradigm and in spatial learning in comparison to the parental lines. In conclusion, the combination of a pEAβ- and a plaque-developing mouse model led to an accelerated amyloid pathology and cognitive decline in TAPS mice, qualifying this line as a novel amyloidosis model for future studies.
Computational Explorations of Mechanisms and Ligand-Directed Selectivities of Copper-Catalyzed Ullmann-Type Reactions (2010)

Computational investigations of ligand-directed selectivities in Ullmann-type coupling reactions of methanol and methylamine with iodobenzene by β-diketone- and 1,10-phenanthroline-ligated Cu&lt;sup&gt;I&lt;/sup&gt; complexes are reported. Density functional theory calculations using several functionals were performed on both the nucleophile formation and aryl halide activation steps of these reactions. The origin of ligand-directed selectivities in N- versus O-arylation reactions as described in a previous publication (&lt;i&gt;J. Am. Chem. Soc.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;2007&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;129&lt;/i&gt;, 3490−3491) were studied and explained. The selectivities observed experimentally are derived not from initial Cu&lt;sup&gt;I&lt;/sup&gt;(nucleophile) complex formation but from the subsequent steps involving aryl halide activation. The arylation may occur via single-electron transfer (SET) or iodine atom transfer (IAT), depending on the electron-donating abilities of the ligand and nucleophile. Mechanisms involving either oxidative addition/reductive elimination or σ-bond metathesis are disfavored. SET mechanisms are favored in reactions promoted by the β-diketone ligand; N-arylation is predicted to be favored in these cases, in agreement with experimental results. The phenanthroline ligand promotes O-arylation reactions via IAT mechanisms in preference to N-arylation reactions, which occur via SET mechanisms; this result is also in agreement with experimental results.
A novel elastomer/liquid crystal polymer nanocomposite created in situ from controlled radical graft-polymerization (2007)

We present the original design and properties of a novel, all-polymer hierarchical composite comprising an elastomer and a fluorinated liquid crystal polymer. The material follows from the phase separation between the two highly incompatible components, occuring in situ during the controlled radical graft-polymerization of the liquid crystal monomer onto functionalized elastomeric chains. We demonstrate that the composite remarkably combines the mechanical properties, static and dynamic, of both an elastomer and a semi-crystalline polymer. We thereby illustrate how the careful choice of a graft can provide a simple rubbery material with original and antonymic functionalities. Here, the temperature-sensitive liquid crystal polymeric domains act as hard particulate fillers under their fusion temperature and liquid softening inclusions above, with fast reversible transitions from one state to another. A variety of composites combining physico-chemical features difficult to marry otherwise may be designed following this simple method.
Protective effects of curcumin against neuroinflammation induced by Aβ25-35 in primary rat microglia: modulation of high-mobility group box 1, toll-like receptor 4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products expression (2020)

Curcumin effectively inhibits Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-induced neuroinﬂammation in microglia, partly by suppressing the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and RAGE.
An analysis of sub-pixel estimation error on area-based image matching (2003)

Area-based matching and sub-pixel displacement estimation using similarity measures are common methods for various fields. Sub-pixel estimation using parabola fitting over three points with their similarity measures is also a common method to increase the resolution of matching. However, this estimation contains a systematic error depending on the image characteristics, the similarity function, and the fitting function used for the sub-pixel estimation. The characteristics of sub-pixel estimation error have been clarified using a simple analysis model. Although this model is quite simple, it enables us to make a theoretical analysis for general images without assuming any specific image pattern. Through this analysis, it has been shown that there are the right combinations of similarity functions and fitting functions. Also, the so-called "pixel-locking" effect, where the estimated positions tend to be biased toward integer values, is explained. Finally, the analyses are verified with an experiment using real images.
PPP Tunneling Using Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) (2008)

This document describes the use of version 3 of Layer Two Tunneling
Protocol (L2TPv3) to tunnel Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) packets.
This document defines the control protocol and encapsulation specifics
for tunneling PPP over L2TPv3, and is a companion document to the
L2TPv3 base specification.
Correction: Bromodomain and extraterminal protein inhibition blocks growth of triple-negative breast cancers through the suppression of aurora kinases. (2020)

VOLUME 291 (2016) PAGES 23756–23768 There was an error in Fig. 6C that included the wrong image for MDA-MB-231 cells treated with vehicle (top left panel). The incorrect image shows MDA-MB-231 cells treated with vehicle for 14 days rather than 8 days as indicated in the legend. This error has now been corrected and does not affect the results or conclusions of this work.
Rate equation analysis of strongly injection-locked cascaded semiconductor ring lasers with modulated master laser (2016)

A novel method for modulation bandwidth enhancement is presented, involving strongly injection-locked cascaded whistle-geometry semiconductor ring lasers. Advantages of direct modulation of the master laser are revealed through numerical modeling.
IBM z14™: 14nm microprocessor for the next-generation mainframe (2018)

The IBM Z microprocessor in the z14 system has been redesigned to improve performance, system capacity, and security [1] over the previous z13 system [2]. The system contains up to 24 central processor (CP) and 4 system controller (SC) chips. Each CP, shown in die photo A (Fig. 2.2.7), operates at 5.2GHz and is comprised of 10 cores, 2 PCIe Gen3 interfaces, an IO bus controller (GX), 128MB of L3 embedded DRAM (eDRAM) cache, X-BUS interfaces connecting to 2 other CP chips and one SC chip, and a redundant array of independent memory (RAIM) interface. Each core on the CP chip has 4MB of eDRAM L2 Data cache and 2MB of eDRAM L2 Instruction cache, with 128KB SRAM Instruction and 128KB SRAM Data L1 caches. Each SC, shown in die photo B (Fig. 2.2.7), operates at 2.6GHz and has 672MB of L4 eDRAM cache, X-BUS interfaces connecting to CP chips in the drawer and A-BUS interfaces connecting SCs on the other drawers. Both chips are 696mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and are designed in Global Foundries 14nm high performance (14HP) SOI FinFET technology with 17 layers of copper interconnect [3]. The CP contains 6.1B transistors, while the SC contains 9.7B transistors. The total IO bandwidth of the CP and SC are 2.9Tb/s and 5.5Tb/s, respectively.
Total serum glycan analysis is superior to lectin‐FLISA for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Changes in glycosylation as detected in whole serum could be used to diagnose HCC with greater sensitivity and specificity than that observed through the analysis of specific protein glycoforms or protein levels. Such an assay could have value in the management of those at risk for the development of HCC.
Assembly and regulation of a glycolytic enzyme complex on the human erythrocyte membrane (2005)

To characterize the location of glycolytic enzymes (GEs) in intact human erythrocytes, freshly drawn blood was fixed and stained with Abs to GAPDH, aldolase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carbonic anhydrase II, Hb, and band 3 (AE1). Confocal microscopy revealed that in cells where band 3 displays its expected membrane staining and Hb is evenly distributed across the cytoplasm, GEs are largely limited to the membrane. Biochemical studies confirmed that the membrane binding sites for GAPDH, aldolase, and PFK reside on band 3, but related analyses demonstrate that sites for PK and LDH do not. Four lines of evidence demonstrate that the GEs are at least partially assembled into multimeric complexes near the NH2 terminus of band 3. First, a mAb to residues 1-12 of band 3 displaces all of the above GEs from the membrane, including LDH and PK, which do not bind band 3. Second, tyrosine phosphorylation of the NH2 terminus of band 3 (Y8 and Y21) reversibly releases all of the GEs from the membrane, including LDH and PK. Third, deoxygenation of RBCs dislodges all GEs from the membrane, consistent with the established ability of deoxyHb but not oxyHb to bind the NH2 terminus of band 3. Fourth, a large increase in the accessibility of enzyme epitopes is observed upon dissociation of GEs from the membrane. We conclude, therefore, that GEs are organized into complexes on the membrane whose assembly is regulated by oxygenation and phosphorylation.