gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2010)

A growing and interdisciplinary translational neuroscience research effort for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is investigating the mechanisms of dysfunction and testing effective treatment strategies in animal models and, when possible, in the clinic. NDDs with a genetic basis have received particular attention. Transgenic animals that mimic genetic insults responsible for disease in man have provided insight about mechanisms of dysfunction, and, surprisingly, have shown that cognitive deficits can be addressed in adult animals. This review will present recent translational research based on animal models of genetic NDDs, as well as pharmacotherapeutic strategies under development to address deficits of brain function for Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1, tuberous sclerosis, and autism. Although these disorders vary in underlying causes and clinical presentation, common pathways and mechanisms for dysfunction have been observed. These include abnormal gene dosage, imbalance among neurotransmitter systems, and deficits in the development, maintenance and plasticity of neuronal circuits. NDDs affect multiple brain systems and behaviors that may be amenable to drug therapies that target distinct deficits. A primary goal of translational research is to replace symptomatic and supportive drug therapies with pharmacotherapies based on a principled understanding of the causes of dysfunction. Based on this principle, several recently developed therapeutic strategies offer clear promise for clinical development in man.
A noise insensitive solution to an ambiguity problem in spectral estimation (1989)

The instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver is capable of measuring the center frequency of single frequency pulses over a wide range (bandwidth) of center frequencies. Because of various constraints, the frequency resolution requirement results in long correlator delay times that reduce the single correlator bandwidth. A large bandwidth can be achieved only if two or more correlators are used. The problem of estimating frequency is then reduced to the simultaneous congruence problem of number theory. A design procedure is presented for solving the congruence problem for a given amount of noise protection, a stated frequency resolution, a minimum bandwidth, and a fixed level of precision (bits) in the IFM receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract CT114: A phase II trial of exemestane and ruxolitinib for aI-resistant ER+ breast cancer: Interim safety, efficacy, and biomarker analysis (2015)

Abstract Resistance to aromatase inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer leads to recurrence and progression in the metastatic setting. JAK/STAT pathway activation is a resistance mechanism that could potentially be overcome with the use of JAK inhibitor therapy. Methods: We performed a phase II trial of exemestane, 25 mg daily, and ruxolitinib, 25 mg BID, in postmenopausal women with advanced, ER+ breast cancer who had progressed on a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor and had either measureable or bone-only disease. A Simon 2-stage design was employed. A “go” decision to second stage would occur if fewer than 5/15 patients experienced any grade 3/4 toxicity requiring discontinuation from the study within the first treatment cycle. Results: Fifteen patients were enrolled; during cycle 1, no patient discontinued for toxicity and 1 patient went off study for progression of bone disease. 36 grade 3 events occurred; anemia was most common (n = 5), requiring transfusion in all patients. 47% required dose reduction. No partial or complete responses occurred; 3/15 (20%) had stable disease ≥6 months (clinical benefit, CB). Baseline CRP ≥8 was significantly associated with CB (3/3 CB vs. 1/11 non-CB; p = 0.011); other markers, including baseline ESR, IL-6 genotype status and primary tumor phosphoSTAT3 expression were not associated with CB in this small sample, though high tumoral pSTAT3 was seen in 66% of CB and 33% of non-CB. A novel pharmacodynamic (PD) assay to assess STAT3 phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after ruxolitinib exposure demonstrated differential effects in patients with CB vs. those without CB. Conclusions: The combination of exemestane and the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib met safety criteria for continued enrollment. Anemia, an expected toxicity of R, was common and the high rate of severe anemia and need for dose reductions has led to a decision to reduce the starting dose of ruxolitinib to 15 mg BID moving forward. Promising predictive markers, including CRP, tumor pSTAT3 and a novel PD assay for pSTAT3 will be further evaluated. Citation Format: Angela M. DeMichele, Christopher B. Colameco, Anna Kalota, Andrea B. Troxel, Robin Holmes, Rebecca Cimildoro, Kelly Zafman, Kevin R. Fox, Susan M. Domchek, Keerthi Gogineni, Angela R. Bradbury, Jennifer M. Matro, Natalie Shih, Michael D. Feldman, Amy S. Clark, Elizabeth O. Hexner, Jacqueline F. Bromberg. A phase II trial of exemestane and ruxolitinib for aI-resistant ER+ breast cancer: Interim safety, efficacy, and biomarker analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr CT114. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-CT114
Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Membranes: A Step Towards the Electrochemical CO2 Refinery (2017)

Abstract Herein we introduce a straightforward, low cost, scalable, and technologically relevant method to manufacture an all‐carbon, electroactive, nitrogen‐doped nanoporous‐carbon/carbon‐nanotube composite membrane, dubbed “HNCM/CNT”. The membrane is demonstrated to function as a binder‐free, high‐performance gas diffusion electrode for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to formate. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) for the production of formate is 81 %. Furthermore, the robust structural and electrochemical properties of the membrane endow it with excellent long‐term stability.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of the heterocycles imidazole and methylimidazoles (2009)

The Hel photoelectron (PE) spectra of imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, and 4(5)-methylimidazole arc reported. The electronic structure of imidazole is discussed on the basis of high resolution spectra and molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Methyl substitution in imidazole, apart from a nearly constant destabilization of low-energy ionizations, causes a negligible change in the shape of its PE spectrum. Probably this was the reason why there was no indication for the presence of two tautomers in the PE spectrum of 4(5)-methylimidazole.
Video capsule colonoscopy in routine clinical practice (2017)

CCE is a well-tolerated alternative to CC, but requires technological improvement and optimisation of clinical practice to meet current reference standards. Although further technical development is required, CCE may complement or even replace CC for certain clinical indications.
Protecting peer review: Correspondence chronology and ethical analysis regarding Logothetis vs. Shmuel and Leopold (2008)

Editors of scientific journals are ethically bound to provide a fair and impartial peer-review process and to protect the rights of contributing authors to publish research results. If, however, a dispute arises among investigators regarding data ownership and the right to publish, the ethical responsibilities of journal editors become more complex. The editors of Human Brain Mapping recently had the unusual experience of learning of an ongoing dispute regarding data-access rights pertaining to a manuscript already accepted for publication. Herein the editors describe the nature of the dispute, the steps taken to explore and resolve the conflict, and discuss the ethical principles that govern such circumstances. Drawing on this experience and with the goal of avoiding future controversies, the editors have formulated a Data Rights Policy and a Data Rights Procedure for Human Brain Mapping. Human Brain Mapping adopts this policy effective immediately and respectfully suggests that other journals consider adopting this or similar policies.
Spinal Cord Segmentation and T2*-relaxation times of GM and WM within the Spinal Cord at 9.4T (2020)

This study presents the first investigations with algorithmic spinal cord-segmentation, as well as gray matter/white matter-segmentation within the spinal cord, at the ultrahigh field strength of 9.4T. On multi-echo gradient-echo acquisitions from three subjects, the tested algorithms perform the segmentations correctly. Based on these multi-echo data, pixel-wise T2*-relaxation time maps were calculated. By means of the segmentations, averaged T2*-times of 24.88ms +- 6.68ms for gray matter and 19.37ms +- 8.66ms for white matter, were calculated.
Molecular Cloning and Sequence of the cDNA for a 94-Amino-Acid Seminal Plasma Protein Secreted by the Human Prostate (1987)

The precursor to a seminal plasma protein reported to have inhibin-like activity was characterized through cDNA cloning and sequencing. It is a 114-amino-acid polypeptide which differs from its seminal plasma derivative mainly by the presence of a 20-residue amino-terminal extension, a putative signal sequence, carrying a possible N-glycosylation site. The protein is specified by a single gene per haploid genome. Its mRNA is detectable in the prostate but not in the testis, which suggests that it is primarily a prostatic secretory protein.
PREDICTING CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS: A CONNECTIONIST APPROACH (1995)

Most traditional prediction techniques deliver a single point, usually the mean of a probability distribution. For multimodal processes, instead of predicting the mean, it is important to predict the full distribution. This article presents a new connectionist method to predict the conditional probability distribution in response to an input. The main idea is to transform the problem from a regression problem to a classification problem. The conditional probability distribution network can perform both direct predictions and iterated predictions, the latter task being specific for time series problems. We compare this new method to fuzzy logic and discuss important differences, and also demonstrate the architecture on two time series. The first is the benchmark laser series used in the Santa Fe competition, a deterministic chaotic system. The second is a time series from a Markov process which exhibits structure on two time scales. The network produces multimodal predictions for this series. We compare the predictions of the network with a nearest-neighbor predictor and find that the conditional probability network is more than twice as likely a model.
Capacitance Based Scanner for Thickness Mapping of Thin Dielectric Films (2002)

We have developed a technique capable of mapping variations in the thickness of thin dielectric films, such as organic photoreceptors. This technique is based on accurately recording the capacitance between a spherical probe and the conductive substrate of a dielectric film. Once the capacitance has been recorded, and assuming the dielectric constant is known, the thickness of the film can be readily extracted. In the current experimental configuration, the probe can be raster scanned with respect to the surface of the dielectric film, enabling one to record 3D images and observe any spatial variations in sample thickness. The spatial and thickness resolution of the technique is primarily dictated by the size of the probe. This technique is applicable to any dielectric film on a conductive substrate, assuming the dielectric constant is known.
GreenZone Driving for Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) have a large battery which can be used for electric only powertrain operation. The control system in a PHEV must decide how to spend the energy stored in the battery. In this paper, we will present a prototype implementation of a PHEV control system which saves energy for electric operation in pre-defined geographic areas, so called Green Zones. The approach determines where the driver will be going and then compares the route to a database of predefined Green Zones. The control system then reserves enough energy to be able to drive the Green Zone sections in electric only mode. Finally, the powertrain operation is modified once the vehicle enters the Green Zone to ensure engine operation is limited. Data will be presented from a prototype implementation in a Ford Escape PHEV&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CAD utilities to comprehend layout-dependent stress effects in 45 nm high- performance SOI custom macro design (2009)

Stressors have been used since 90 nm technology to improve device performance to overcome the limitations of scaling. The stressors, including, - CPEN, TPEN, SMT, and e-SiGe to improve NMOS and PMOS drive current exhibit proximity dependence. In addition, unintentional stressors such as STI edge proximity introduce additional layout dependencies. Two devices with the same L and W can have significantly different drive strength depending on their surroundings. There have been limited studies to optimize the design layout to reduce the layout-dependent stress degradation. Circuit and layout designers have few tools they can use to quickly and effectively optimize the layout to reduce device degradation due to layout-dependent stress effects. In this paper, we present a comprehensive set of CAD utilities, and stress-related layout guidelines to optimize the layout for full custom macros to reduce the layout-dependent stress effects prior to doing full timing characterization, including stress effects.
UMA NOVA METODOLOGIA PARA TREINAMENTO EM REDES NEURAIS MULTI CAMADAS (2000)

RESUMO 1 : Neste artigo apresenta-se uma metodologia de aprendizado supervisionado nao usual baseada em um operador, batizado de Operador de Extensao. As redes neurais multicamadas sao abordadas sob a otica deste operador, produzindo algumas vantagens em comparacao aos algoritmos de treinamento tradicionais, alem de uma visao sistematizada de algumas questoes de grande importância como generalizacao e incorporacao de informacao a priori. No algoritmo proposto o numero de parâmetros a ser estimado e inferior ao algoritmo de Retropropagacao, propiciando assim, entre outras vantagens, uma maior probabilidade de generalizacao. E apresentado um conjunto de resultados numericos.
Comparison of the Rates of Hydrolysis of Lorazepam-Glucuronide, Oxazepam-Glucuronide and Temazepam-Glucuronide Catalyzed by E. Coli. β-D-Glucuronidase Using the On-line Benzodiazepine Screening Immunoassay on the Roche/Hitachi 917 Analyzer (2001)

The catalytic rates of hydrolysis of lorazepam-glucuronide, oxazepam-glucuronide, and temazepam-glucuronide when catalyzed by E. Coli. beta-glucuronidase both in phosphate buffer and buffered drug-free urine were compared as well as the pH dependence of enzyme activity. In 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.4, lorazepam-glucuronide has the highest turnover rate of 3.7 s(-1) with an associated Km of about 100 microM, followed by oxazepam-glucuronide, which has a turnover rate of 2.4 s(-1) with an associated Km of 60 microM. Temazepam-glucuronide has the lowest rate of 0.94 s(-1) with an associated Km of 34 microM. In buffered drug-free urine, a similar trend was observed. In addition, an optimal pH for beta-glucuronidase was determined to be between 6 and 7 when the enzyme hydrolyzes the benzodiazepine conjugates in buffered drug-free urine. Effects of temperature and incubation time were also examined. It can be concluded that the electron donating or withdrawing of the individual benzodiazepine structure may play an important role in the reactivity of the lorazepam-glucuronide, oxazepam-glucuronide and temazepam-glucuronide catalyzed by beta-glucuronidase. This is consistent with other observations made for monosubstituted phenyl-beta-glucuronides by Wang et al. (1).
Study on Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Renal Uroliths I. Qualitative Properties (1995)

Shape, colour, surface features and external appearance were determined from 33 human uroliths composed predominantly of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). Based on these properties COM renal stones were classified into mulberry (M) and spheroid (S) type, each of which was further divided into two well defined subtypes, M1-fused globules, M2-loose globules, S1-corrugated surface and S2-even surface. This classification indicates that only specific combinations of external characteristics could occur on COM renal uroliths. No apparent correlation between the stone type and respective biochemical urinary data transpired from available information.
Anti-α-glucose–based glycan IgM antibodies predict relapse activity in multiple sclerosis after the first neurological event (2009)

Serum anti-GAGA4 IgM discerns FP-RRMS patients from OND patients. Higher levels of serum anti-alpha-glucose IgM in FP patients predict imminent early relapse.
Dual Purpose Lens for an Eye-Tracked Projection Head-Mounted Display (2006)

We propose a novel conceptual design for a Head-Mounted Projection Display (HMPD) with Eye-Tracking (ET) capabilities based on sharing the optical path between the HMPD and the ET. A lens performing both tasks is presented.
Reaction of Triethylsilyl Radical with Sulfides, a Laser Flash Photolysis Study (1989)

Triethylsilyl radical was generated by laser flash photolysis of a 1:1 (v/v)solution of triethylsliance and di-tert-butyl peroxide. The silicon centered radical was reacted with sulfides to give carbon centered radicals by displacement at sulfar. The carbon radicals were readily detected by their transient absorption spectra. The absolute rate of reaction of triethylsilyl radical with 9-fluorenylphenylsulfide, di-n-butylsulfide, di-sec-butyl, di-tert-butyl sulfide and di-n-butyl disulfide are , , , , and , respectively.
Genetic Analysis of the Role of the Asparaginyl Hydroxylase Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) in Regulating HIF Transcriptional Target Genes (2004)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor that directs a broad range of cellular responses to hypoxia. Recent studies have defined a set of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that modify HIF-alpha subunits by prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation. These processes potentially provide a dual system of control, down-regulating both HIF-alpha stability and transcriptional activity. Although genetic analyses in both primitive organisms and mammalian cells have demonstrated a critical role for the prolyl hydroxylase pathway in the regulation of HIF, analogous studies have not been performed on the HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase pathway, and its role in directing the expression of endogenous HIF transcriptional targets has not yet been clearly defined. Here we demonstrate, using small interfering RNA-mediated FIH suppression and controlled overexpression by a doxycycline-inducible system, that alterations in FIH expression in both directions have reciprocal effects on the expression of a range of HIF target genes. These effects were observed in normoxic and severely hypoxic cells but not anoxic cells. Evidence for FIH activity in severely hypoxic cells contrasted with results for the prolyl hydroxylase PHD2, suggesting that these enzymes display different oxygen dependence in vivo, with PHD2 requiring higher levels of oxygen for biological activity. Our results demonstrate an important physiological role for FIH in regulating HIF-dependent target genes over a wide range of oxygen tensions and indicate that inhibition of FIH has the potential to augment HIF target gene expression even in severe hypoxia.
Microlasers based on high-Q rare-earth-doped aluminum oxide resonators on silicon (Conference Presentation) (2017)

One of the key challenges in the field of silicon photonics remains the development of compact integrated light sources. In one approach, rare-earth-doped glass microtoroid and microdisk lasers have been integrated on silicon and exhibit ultra-low thresholds. However, such resonator structures are isolated on the chip surface and require an external fiber to couple light to and from the cavity. Here, we review our recent work on monolithically integrated rare-earth-doped aluminum oxide microcavity lasers on silicon. The microlasers are enabled by a novel high-Q cavity design, which includes a co-integrated silicon nitride bus waveguide and a silicon dioxide trench filled with rare-earth-doped aluminum oxide. In passive (undoped) microresonators we measure internal quality factors as high as 3.8 × 105 at 0.98 µm and 5.7 × 105 at 1.5 µm. In ytterbium, erbium, and thulium-doped microcavities with diameters ranging from 80 to 200 µm we show lasing at 1.0, 1.5 and 1.9 µm, respectively. We observe sub-milliwatt lasing thresholds, approximately 10 times lower than previously demonstrated in monolithic rare-earth-doped lasers on silicon. The entire fabrication process, which includes post-processing deposition of the gain medium, is silicon-compatible and allows for integration with other silicon-based photonic devices. Applications of such rare earth microlasers in communications and sensing and recent design enhancements will be discussed.
Allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma: protocol for a systematic review (2016)

The findings from this review will be used to inform the development of recommendations for EAACI's Guidelines on AIT.
Supplementary Figure 3 from The OPCML Tumor Suppressor Functions as a Cell Surface Repressor–Adaptor, Negatively Regulating Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 113K&lt;/p&gt;
Synthetic studies of the flavone derivatives. VIII. Synthesis of kanzakiflavones and their isomers. (1984)

Kanzakiflavone-1 and-2, isolates from Iris unguicularis, and their position isomers were synthesized to confirm the structures of the isolates. The differences among these flavones are discussed on the basis of spectral data.
Object pose estimation and tracking by fusing visual and tactile information (2012)

Robot grasping and manipulation require very accurate knowledge of the object's location within the robotic hand. By itself, a vision system cannot provide very precise and robust pose tracking due to occlusions or hardware limitations. This paper presents a method to estimate a grasped object's 6D pose by fusing sensor data from vision, tactile sensors and joint encoders. Given an initial pose acquired by the vision system and the contact locations on the fingertips, an iterative process optimises the estimation of the object pose by finding a transformation that fits the grasped object to the finger tips. Experiments were carried out in both simulation and a real system consisting of a Shadow arm and hand with ATI Force/Torque sensors instrumented on the fingertips and a Microsoft Kinect camera. In order to make the method suitable for real-time applications, the performance of the algorithm was investigated in terms of speed and accuracy of convergence.