gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Jet Cooling Part II: Experimental Results of an Acoustic Dipole Cooler (2008)

The paper discusses experimental results for a typical embodiment of synthetic jet cooling technology: an acoustic dipole cooler comprised of a standard loudspeaker in a housing provided with two pipes. A transient measurement set up is used to measure the average heat transfer coefficient based on cooling a 5*5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> metal plate. Heat transfer and noise results are presented for a range of frequencies, pipe lengths and diameters. The results are compared with a standard 60*60 mm fan. It is concluded that, at least for the cases studied, the synthetic jet is superior on all fronts: heat transfer performance, noise level and dissipated power.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Down-regulates Phospho-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 via Activation of MKP-1 in Response to Radiation (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Down-regulates Phospho-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 via Activation of MKP-1 in Response to Radiation
Pharmacokinetic and Safety Analyses of Tenofovir and Tenofovir-Emtricitabine Vaginal Tablets in Pigtailed Macaques (2014)

Vaginal rapidly disintegrating tablets (RDTs) containing tenofovir (TFV) or TFV and emtricitabine (FTC) were evaluated for safety and pharmacokinetics in pigtailed macaques. Two separate animal groups (n = 4) received TFV (10 mg) or TFV-FTC (10 mg each) RDTs, administered near the cervix. A third group (n = 4) received 1 ml TFV gel. Blood plasma, vaginal tissue biopsy specimens, and vaginal fluids were collected before and after product application at 0, 0.5, 1, 4, and 24 h. A disintegration time of <30 min following vaginal application of the RDTs was noted, with negligible effects on local inflammatory cytokines, vaginal pH, and microflora. TFV pharmacokinetics were generally similar for both RDTs and gel, with peak median concentrations in vaginal tissues and vaginal secretions being on the order of 10(4) to 10(5) ng/g (147 to 571 μM) and 10(6) ng/g (12 to 34 mM), respectively, at 1 to 4 h postdose. At 24 h, however, TFV vaginal tissue levels were more sustained after RDT dosing, with median TFV concentrations being approximately 1 log higher than those with gel dosing. FTC pharmacokinetics after combination RDT dosing were similar to those of TFV, with peak median vaginal tissue and fluid levels being on the order of 10(4) ng/g (374 μM) and 10(6) ng/g (32 mM), respectively, at 1 h postdose with levels in fluid remaining high at 24 h. RDTs are a promising alternative vaginal dosage form, delivering TFV and/or FTC at levels that would be considered inhibitory to simian-human immunodeficiency virus in the macaque vaginal microenvironment over a 24-h period.
Integrated crystal mounting and alignment system for high-throughput biological crystallography (2023)

A method and apparatus for the transportation, remote and unattended mounting, and visual alignment and monitoring of protein crystals for synchrotron generated x-ray diffraction analysis. The protein samples are maintained at liquid nitrogen temperatures at all times: during shipment, before mounting, mounting, alignment, data acquisition and following removal. The samples must additionally be stably aligned to within a few microns at a point in space. The ability to accurately perform these tasks remotely and automatically leads to a significant increase in sample throughput and reliability for high-volume protein characterization efforts. Since the protein samples are placed in a shipping-compatible layered stack of sample cassettes each holding many samples, a large number of samples can be shipped in a single cryogenic shipping container.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration through human amnion membrane (1981)

A new in vitro model has been developed for studying migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through living native cellular and matrix barriers. Human amnion membrane consists of a single layer of epithelium bound to a continuous basement membrane interfacing an avascular collagenous stroma. Living amnion was placed in plastic chambers with separate compartments on each side of the membrane. PMN were introduced on the epithelial side of the amnion, and a Millipore filter (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.) was placed against the stromal side. In response to N-formylmethionyl-leucyl- phenylanlanine (FMLP) chemoattractant, PMN penetrated the full thickness of the amnion and were collected and counted on the filter. The rate of PMN traversal of the amnion was dependent on the concentration of FMLP (optimal at 10(-8)M) as well as the slope of the FMLP gradient across the amnion. The route of PMN migration was studied by transmission electron microscopy. PMN first attached to the epithelial surface, then infiltrated between intercellular junctions. PMN migrated around or through tight junction and hemidesmosome attachments. The PMN then penetrated the basement membrane and migrated through the dense collagenous stroma. The present amnion migration system has characteristics of the in vivo inflammatory state not described in any previous method for monitoring PMN migration in vitro. Prior methods have not used native epithelium, whole basement membrane, or collagenous stroma. PMN penetration of these barriers occurs in the normal inflammatory response and probably involves biochemical mechanisms not required for simple migration through the pores of an artificial filter. The amnion system can be useful for future biochemical and morphological studies of PMN penetration of these barriers and possible repair processes that may follow.
Improving source efficiency for aluminum nitride grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (2016)

This work was supported by the King Abduallah Center for Science and Technology-King Abdullah University of Science and Technology-University of California, Santa Barbara Solid State Lighting Program (KACST-KAUST-UCSB SSLP). The authors would like to the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL), California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI), and the Nanofabrication facility at UC Santa Barbara for providing access and training to their laboratories.
Nozokomiální infekce močového traktu, mikrobiologická diagnostika a léčebné možnosti (2006)

Jednim z  nežadoucich projevů aplikace antibiotik je zvysovani odolnosti bakterii k jejich ucinku. Nedilnou soucasti prevence takoveho vývoje je racionalni antibioticka lecba. Nozokomialni infekce mocoveho traktu jsou způsobovany řadou bakterialnich druhů, casto s vyssi mirou rezistence k antimikrobnim připravkům. K inicialni antibioterapii jsou vhodne aminopeniciliny, event. s inhibitory bakterialnich β-laktamaz, v kombinaci s aminoglykosidy. Schemata inicialni antibioticke lecby vsak maji zasadně regionalni charakter, vychazejici z výsledků lokalni bakterialni surveillance.
A Two-Stage Method for the Design of Near-Field Broadband Beamformer (2011)

In this paper, the design of near-field broadband beamformer is considered. The idea is to design the beamformer filter coefficients such that the error between the actual response and the desired response is minimized. This problem can be formulated as a minimax optimization problem and can be transformed into a linear semi-definite programming problem. Interior point algorithm can then be applied after discretization. However, if the dimension of the problem is high, the number of discrete points of the specified region and consequently the dimension of the resultant constraint matrix is high. This high dimension provides a difficulty when directly employing interior point algorithm. Since it results in a large size problem, this problem is considered in this paper. To reduce the computational complexity and memory usage, a two-stage method has been proposed. In the first stage, by using an infinite length filter formulation, an infinite length limit for the original problem is obtained. Then, based on that limit, a reduced problem with a finite filter length is found. The computational complexity of this method is derived. It provides a significant reduction compared to a direct solution of the original problem. It is shown that as the filter length increases, the approximative problem comes close to the optimal infinite solution. Furthermore, we demonstrate with examples the close correspondence between proposed design and optimal design. Also the superiority of the suggested method is illustrated in a three-dimensional beamformer design, where the direct method can only design broadband beamformer of very short filter lengths.
Adjustable- Versus Fixed-Loop Devices for Femoral Fixation in ACL Reconstruction: An In Vitro Full-Construct Biomechanical Study of Surgical Technique–Based Tibial Fixation and Graft Preparation (2018)

Biomechanical testing according to a surgical technique workflow suggests that adjustable-loop devices can be considered a safe alternative to fixed-loop devices in ACL reconstruction.
Sulfone-Mediated SNAr Reaction as a Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of 4-Quinolinyl Ethers and More—Application to the Synthesis of HCV NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor BI 201420 (2020)

An efficient general methodology for the synthesis of 4-quinolinyl ethers is demonstrated via a highly reactive S<sub>N</sub>Ar reaction of 4-quinolinyl sulfones with a range of structurally diversified 1°, 2°, and 3° alcohols with a wide substrate scope and high yields. By adapting this methodology, a convergent synthesis of a complex target of HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor <b>BI 201420</b> was accomplished.
Automatic Association between Sar and Optical Images based on Zero-Shot Learning (2018)

This paper presents a method for automatic association between synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images based on zero-shot learning (ZSL). SAR target recognition is an important task in security and defense areas, however, it is still challenging due to insufficient labeled SAR images. In order to solve this problem, we propose a ZSL based SAR target recognition. The conventional ZSL transfers information of observed labels in order to recognize unseen objects. The proposed ZSL replaces the labels with optical images corresponding to SAR targets. The proposed method employs ZSL in conjunction with dimension reduction to match different types of unseen images in a compact feature space with high accuracies. When principle component analysis (PCA) is used for the dimension reduction, the proposed method achieves 0.70 in accuracy while a conventional one shows 0.57.
Phenylselenium Trichloride, Preparation and Use as a Vinylic Chlorination Reagent (1996)

Abstract Phenylselenium trichloride (1) is prepared from benzeneseleninic acid (2) and thionyl chloride and used to effect vinylic chlorination, viz. the conversion of 3-chloro-2-chloromethyl-1-propene (4) into 2-chloromethyl-1,3-dichloro-propene (3).
Purification of Natural Pigments Violacein and Deoxyviolacein Produced by Fermentation Using Yarrowia lipolytica (2023)

Violacein and deoxyviolacein are bis-indole pigments synthesized by a number of microorganisms. The present study describes the biosynthesis of a mixture of violacein and deoxyviolacein using a genetically modified <i>Y. lipolytica</i> strain as a production chassis, the subsequent extraction of the intracellular pigments, and ultimately their purification using column chromatography. The results show that the optimal separation between the pigments occurs using an ethyl acetate/cyclohexane mixture with different ratios, first 65:35 until both pigments were clearly visible and distinguishable, then 40:60 to create a noticeable separation between them and recover the deoxyviolacein, and finally 80:20, which allows the recovery of the violacein. The purified pigments were then analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance.
An evolutionary study of Linux memory management for fun and profit (2016)

We present a comprehensive and quantitative study on the development of the Linux memory manager. The study examines 4587 committed patches over the last five years (2009-2015) since Linux version 2.6.32. Insights derived from this study concern the development process of the virtual memory system, including its patch distribution and patterns, and techniques for memory optimizations and semantics. Specifically, we find that the changes to memory manager are highly centralized around the key functionalities, such as memory allocator, page fault handler and memory resource controller. The well-developed memory manager still suffers from increasing number of bugs unexpectedly. And the memory optimizations mainly focus on data structures, memory policies and fast path. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such study on the virtual memory system.
[Cerebrospinal fluid findings in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection with central nervous system involvement]. (2019)

As chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) progresses, EBV-infected tumor cells invade the central nervous system (CNS). To establish a diagnostic procedure for CNS invasion, we retrospectively analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from eight patients. Two patients presented with consciousness disturbance and were diagnosed with CNS invasion based on scan and autopsy results, respectively. The remaining six patients were diagnosed without CNS invasion by clinical findings and scans. In the two patients with CNS invasion, the number of mononuclear cells and the protein concentration were increased, whereas the CSF to serum glucose ratio and the adenosine deaminase concentration were raised. In one of the two patients, however, bacterial meningitis could not be excluded. Cytological examination of CSF demonstrated class 1-3. Notably, the CSF EBV-DNA load was positive in all patients, independent of CNS invasion diagnosis, and the CSF load correlated with that of the peripheral blood. Taken together, this indicates that CSF may lack the specific markers of CNS invasion in CAEBV patients. The CSF EBV-DNA load and the cytological analysis did not reflect CNS invasion; therefore, new biomarkers need to be established.
Laser Forming of Compliant Mechanisms (2023)

Abstract Small-scale flexible (or compliant) mechanisms are valuable in replacing rigid components while retaining comparable motion and behavior. However, fabricating such mechanisms on this scale (from 0.01 to 10 cm) proves difficult, especially with thin sheet metals. The manufacturing method of laser forming, which uses a laser to cut and bend metal into desired shapes, could facilitate this fabrication. However, specific methods for designing mechanisms formed by lasers need to be developed. This work presents laser forming as a means for creating compliant mechanisms on this scale with thin sheet metal. The unique challenges for designing mechanisms to be laser formed are explored, and new adaptations of existing designs are fabricated and discussed. The design of basic “building-block” features is developed for several mechanisms: a parallel-guided mechanism, a cross-axis flexural pivot, a lamina emergent torsional (LET) joint array, a split-tube flexure, and a bi-stable switch. These mechanisms are shown to perform repeatable behavior and motion comparable to existing nonlaser-formed versions. The further possibilities for fabricating compliant mechanisms with laser forming are explored, as advanced applications can benefit from using lasers to create compliant mechanisms from thin sheet metal.
Implementation and Experimental Results of the New Thermo-Hydraulic CAPILI Pilot (2016)

International audience
Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics at the Santo Domingo Pueblo in Sandoval County, New Mexico (2013)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in accordance with the RE-Powering America's Land initiative, selected the Pueblo of Santo Domingo in Sandoval County, New Mexico, for a renewable energy production feasibility study. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provided technical assistance for this project. The purpose of this report is to assess specific areas on the Pueblo for potential installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems and to estimate the cost, performance, and site impacts of different PV options. The report also recommends financing options that could assist in the implementation of these PV systems.
Pulsed-laser excitation of acoustic modes in open high-Q photoacoustic resonators for trace gas monitoring: results for C_2H_4 (1995)

The pulsed excitation of acoustic resonances was studied with a continuously monitoring photoacoustic detector system. Acoustic waves were generated in C(2)H(4)/N(2) gas mixtures by light absorption of the pulses from a transversely excited atmospheric CO(2) laser. The photoacoustic part consisted of high-Q cylindrical resonators (Q factor 820 for the first radial mode in N(2)) and two adjoining variable acoustic filter systems. The time-resolved signal was Fourier transformed to a frequency spectrum of high resolution. For the first radial mode a Lorentzian profile was fitted to the measured data. The outside noise suppression and the signal-to-noise ratio were investigated in a normal laboratory environment in the flow-through mode. The acoustic and electric filter system combined with the averaging of the photoacoustic signal in the time domain suppressed the outside noise by a factor of 4500 (73 dB). The detection limit for trace gas analysis of ethylene in pure N(2) was 2.0 parts in 10(9) by volume (ppbV) (minimal absorption coefficient α(min) = 6.1 × 10(-8) cm(-1), pulse energy 20 mJ, 1-bar N(2)), and in environmental air, in which the absorption of other gas components produces a high background signal, we can detect C(2)H(4) to ~180 ppbV. In addition, an alternative experimental technique, in which the maximum signal of the second azimuthal mode was monitored, was tested. To synchronize the sampling rate at the resonance frequency, a resonance tracking system was applied. The detection limit for ethylene measurements was α(min) = 9.1 × 10(-8) cm(-1) for this system.
Adjunctive Î±2 adrenoceptor blockade enhances the antipsychotic-like effect of risperidone and facilitates cortical dopaminergic and glutamatergic, NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. (2009)

Compared with typical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) clozapine shows superior efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, in contrast to most APDs clozapine possesses high affinity for I± 2 adrenoceptors, and clinical and preclinical studies provide evidence that the I± 2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan enhances the antipsychotic efficacy of typical D 2 receptor antagonists as well as olanzapine. Risperidone has lower affinity for I± 2 adrenoceptors than clozapine but higher than most other APDs. We here examined, in rats, effects of adding idazoxan to a low dose of risperidone. We used conditioned avoidance response (CAR) to assess antipsychotic efficacy, a catalepsy test to examine extrapyramidal side-effect (EPS) liability, in vivo microdialysis technique to measure brain dopamine efflux, in vitro intracellular electrophysiological recording to analyze cortical NMDA receptor-mediated transmission, and ex vivo autoradiography to assess the in vivo I± 2A and I± 2C adrenoceptor occupancies by risperidone. The dose of risperidone needed for antipsychotic effect in the CAR test was ~0.4 mg/kg, which produced 11 and 17% in vivo receptor occupancy at I± 2A - and I± 2C adrenoceptors, respectively. Addition of idazoxan (1.5 mg/kg) to a low dose of risperidone (0.25 mg/kg) enhanced the suppression of CAR, but did not enhance catalepsy. Both enhanced cortical dopamine release and NMDA receptor-mediated responses were obtained. These data propose that the effectiveness of risperidone in schizophrenia can be enhanced, and its EPS liability reduced, by adjunctive treatment with an I± 2 adrenoceptor antagonist, such as idazoxan, concomitant with a reduction in dose of risperidone.
A Hybrid Breath Hold and Continued Respiration-Triggered Technique for Time-Resolved 3D MRI Perfusion Studies in Lung Cancer (2009)

The feasibility of a perfusion study with hybrid breath hold and navigator-triggered time-resolved 3D MRI which combines high initial temporal resolution during breath hold with a long wash-out period under free breathing was demonstrated.
An overview of downlink radio resource management for UTRAN long-term evolution (2009)

Radio resource management algorithms ranging from bearer admission control to semi-persistent and dynamic packet scheduling, fast link adaptation, and transmission control of multi-antenna transmission modes are addressed in this article for UTRAN long-term evolution. First, a high-level system overview of LTE is given, with special emphasis on the important components related to RRM. The quality of service parameter framework is outlined, as one of the main objectives for the families of RRM algorithms is to maximize system capacity while serving all users according to their minimum QoS constraints. It is demonstrated how the collocation of the RRM algorithms at the base station with easy access to air interface measurements offers opportunities for efficient cross-functional optimization between layers 1, 2, and 3. Examples of performance results for different traffic mixes and antenna transmission schemes are also presented, and the article is concluded with recommendations on how to operate the various RRM options under different load and traffic conditions.
Evidence for Slow Motion in Proteins by Multiple Refocusing of Heteronuclear Nitrogen/Proton Multiple Quantum Coherences in NMR (2004)

A novel NMR method characterizes slow motions in proteins by multiple refocusing of double- and zero-quantum coherences of amide protons and nitrogen-15 nuclei. If both nuclei experience changes in their isotropic chemical shifts because of internal motions on slow time scales (mus - ms), this leads to a difference in the relaxation rates of double- and zero-quantum coherences. This is due to CSM/CSM (chemical shift modulation) cross-correlation effects that are related to the well-known chemical exchange contribution Rex to the decay rate R2 = 1/T2 of nitrogen-15 nuclei. The CSM/CSM contributions can be distinguished from other mechanisms through their dependence on the repetition rate of a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) multiple refocusing sequence. In ubiquitin, motional processes can be identified that could hitherto not be observed by conventional CPMG nitrogen-15 NMR.
Supplementary Figure Legends S1-S5 from Antibody-Maytansinoid Conjugates Are Activated in Targeted Cancer Cells by Lysosomal Degradation and Linker-Dependent Intracellular Processing (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends S1-S5 from Antibody-Maytansinoid Conjugates Are Activated in Targeted Cancer Cells by Lysosomal Degradation and Linker-Dependent Intracellular Processing
Figure S7 from Computational Staining of Pathology Images to Study the Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S7 Illustration of Delaunay triangle construction.&lt;/p&gt;
CO2 Vent for Closed Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (2007)

Abstract not Available.