gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Test Automation Culture of App Developers (2015)

Smartphone applications (apps) have gained popularity recently. Millions of smartphone applications (apps) are available on different app stores which gives users plethora of options to choose from, however, it also raises concern if these apps are adequately tested before they are released for public use. In this study, we want to understand the test automation culture prevalent among app developers. Specifically, we want to examine the current state of testing of apps, the tools that are commonly used by app developers, and the problems faced by them. To get an insight on the test automation culture, we conduct two different studies. In the first study, we analyse over 600 Android apps collected from F- Droid, one of the largest repositories containing information about open-source Android apps. We check for the presence of test cases and calculate code coverage to measure the adequacy of testing in these apps. We also survey developers who have hosted their applications on GitHub to understand the testing practices followed by them. We ask developers about the tools that they use and ''pain points'' that they face while testing Android apps. For the second study, based on the responses from Android developers, we improve our survey questions and resend it to Windows app developers within Microsoft. We conclude that many Android apps are poorly tested - only about 14% of the apps contain test cases and only about 9% of the apps that have executable test cases have coverage above 40\%. Also, we find that Android app developers use automated testing tools such as JUnit, Monkeyrunner, Robotium, and Robolectric, however, they often prefer to test their apps manually, whereas Windows app developers prefer to use in-house tools such as Visual Studio and Microsoft Test Manager. Both Android and Windows app developers face many challenges such as time constraints, compatibility issues, lack of exposure, cumbersome tools, etc. We give suggestions to improve the test automation culture in the growing app community.
Cometary Origin of COVID-19 (2021)

The evidence for the cometary origin then rapid global spread of COVID-19 through 2020 is critically reviewed. We outline why it is an alternative plausible scientific explanation to the current bat/pangolin animal jump theories. In our view this explanation is consistent with all the available temporal unfolding scientific data (genomic, immunologic, epidemiologic, geophysical, astrophysical and astrobiological). Thus COVID-19 arrived as infective cryopreserved virions in cometary meteoritic dust clouds from space in a bolide strike in the stratosphere over China on October 11 2019. Prevailing high-level and low-level wind systems then globally distributed the infective viral dust clouds, striking different regions at different times. Given this possibility, a new space challenge for mankind is to develop near- Earth early warning biological surveillance (and mitigation) systems for incoming cosmic in- falls of micro-organisms and viruses from the cometary dust and meteorite streams that our planet routinely encounters as it orbits the Sun.
The Superwide Catalog Of Wide Binaries (2018)

We present the results of our search for wide binaries in the SUPERBLINK high proper motion catalog of 2.8 million stars with proper motions &gt;40 mas/yr, which has been recently enhanced with data from the GAIA mission. In a first step, we conduct a Bayesian analysis taking into account angular separations and proper motion differences provided by the SUPERBLINK catalog, and identify all possible common proper motion (CPM) pairs with separations up to 60 arcminutes. In the second step we expand the analysis using parallaxes from the Gaia DR2 release, and calculate probabilities for each pair to be a gravitationally bound system. The result is a list of ~18,000 pairs with probabilities of being real binaries greater than 99 percent. We show that the distribution of projected physical separations of these wide, field binaries follows a decreasing power law, and shows no evidence of being bimodal, i.e. there is no evidence of a secondary population of pairs with separations $&gt;10^4$ AU. In addition, we find clear evidence that at least 30 percent of these wide binaries are triples/multiples, based on one of the components being over-luminous.
1511 Construction of Eye-and-Hand System using stereovision with angle of convergence (2005)

Visual servo system is essential for autonomous robots working in unknown environments. Our visual feedback system consists from one manipulator and active vision system. Parallel stereovision is a general method to measure the target position. We propose a stereovision with angle of convergence. The workspace of the manipulator is determinate so the angle of convergence can be fixed. The active vision is constructed by giving flexibility of two axes (Tilt and Pan) to the stereovision, which has two CCD cameras in order. By positioning CCD cameras with angle of convergence it is possible to reduce the influence of the distortion of camera lens and extend the field of view.
Health‐care resource use and current treatment of adult atopic dermatitis patients in Japan: A retrospective claims database analysis (2019)

The real-world evidence on the profiles of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan is sparse. A retrospective claim database analysis was conducted to estimate the health-care resource use (HCRU) and current AD treatment. Data from October 2013 to September 2016 were extracted from the JMDC (Tokyo, Japan) claims database. HCRU was assessed by a comparison of AD patients and matched non-AD controls. A multivariate analysis was performed to estimate HCRU attributable to AD. AD patients (n = 39 893) have more claims of certain diagnoses such as rhinitis, viral and fungal infections, sleep disorders and conjunctivitis as well as higher HCRU (outpatient visits, prescriptions of AD-related and non-AD-related medications, phototherapy, laboratory tests) than matched non-AD controls (n = 39 893). Treatment pattern analysis included treatment-naive patients (n = 8478) and previously treated AD patients (n = 30 109). Approximately 20% of previously treated patients were on the continuous systemic treatment during 18-month follow up. Systemic corticosteroids were the most frequently used systemic treatments. Oral cyclosporin was less frequently used in both groups, but for the longest duration. Almost half of previously treated patients with oral cyclosporin continued treatment for more than 3 months. In conclusion, HCRU was higher in AD patients than non-AD controls, indicating a high burden of the disease imposed on AD patients. Continuous administration of systemic treatment, such as oral cyclosporin, systemic corticosteroids and phototherapy, observed in AD patients sheds light on the difficulties of managing AD in Japanese clinical practise.
Gunshot recordings from a criminal incident: Who shot first? (2016)

Audio forensic examination for law enforcement and criminal justice investigations increasingly involves audiovisual recordings from dashboard camera systems, bystander smart phones, body cameras worn by police officers, and even by cameras built into TASER™ devices. If the camera is pointing in an appropriate direction the details of the incident may be found in the recorded video. However, if the camera’s field of view is limited, it may still be possible to evaluate the circumstances of interest by examining the sounds captured by the recording device’s microphone. This paper presents audio examples in which the forensic examiner must attempt to address questions such as: How many gunshots took place? What types of firearms were involved? Who shot first? Audio examples are presented to demonstrate the solutions—and mysteries—found in several real world cases.
Combined Film And Softcopy Photo-Interpretation System (1989)

There is overwhelming evidence for the fact that image analysis is rapidly moving into the digital domain. Computer workstations serve to analyze pixel arrays, thereby providing the user with automation opportunities otherwise not available. Sensing of visible light imagery has made great strides into the digital arena as well. However, for the time being high resolution metric cameras and film will remain very important means of imaging the earth&apos;s surface, the environment and objects in industrial settings for non-real time applications. The problem therefore exists to provide capabilities of using film imagery but to submit this to digital analysis. We are discussing a solution to this need in the form of a system for on-line digitization of film and interactive analysis of the digitized pixel arrays. The result is a combination of state-of-the-art film imaging with state-of-the-art softcopy image analysis. Key Words: Photogrammetry, reconnaissance imaging, photography, softcopy imagery, computer-based photo-interpretation.
Preliminary results comparing thin-plate splines with finite element methods for modeling brain deformation during neurosurgery using intraoperative ultrasound (2019)

Brain shift compensation attempts to model the deformation of the brain which occurs during the surgical removal of brain tumors to enable mapping of presurgical image data into patient coordinates during surgery and thus improve the accuracy and utility of neuro-navigation. We present preliminary results from clinical tumor resections that compare two methods for modeling brain deformation, a simple thin plate spline method that interpolates displacements and a more complex finite element method (FEM) that models physical and geometric constraints of the brain and its material properties. Both methods are driven by the same set of displacements at locations surrounding the tumor. These displacements were derived from sets of corresponding matched features that were automatically detected using the SIFT-Rank algorithm. The deformation accuracy was tested using a set of manually identified landmarks. The FEM method requires significantly more preprocessing than the spline method but both methods can be used to model deformations in the operating room in reasonable time frames. Our preliminary results indicate that the FEM deformation model significantly out-performs the spline-based approach for predicting the deformation of manual landmarks. While both methods compensate for brain shift, this work suggests that models that incorporate biophysics and geometric constraints may be more accurate.
Stucture & property evolution of thin film soft magnetic nanocomposites in the CoFe(B)-SiO<inf>x</inf> system (2015)

Magnetically soft nanogranular thin films comprised of metal grains separated by an insulating oxide matrix have emerged as an attractive candidate for high frequency inductor applications. The development of magnetic cores that can be integrated with current CMOS technology are critical to enable future power supplies on a chip (PwrSOC) that will lead to further miniaturization of electronic devices and improve energy efficiency for longer battery life. [1] From on-chip microinductors to bulk transformer cores, benefits are realized from the same fundamental properties - large saturation induction, high electrical resistivity, and low magnetic hysteresis losses. Due to their prevalence in power electronics, small advancements in inductor performance can yield tremendous cost savings while cutting energy consumption.
Digital Communication Tools as a Success Factor of Interdisciplinary Projects (2019)

This article considers the important role of digital communication in interdisciplinary projects. This paper describes the experience of interdisciplinary project teams and points to the consequences of the choice of communication channels and tools influencing project deliverables within those teams. The first section of this paper considers the influence of digital transformation on project management. The second section describes key project success factors concerning all types of projects and concludes that communication is one of important factors. The third section briefly defines interdisciplinary projects: SQUAD and BIM. This section also describes the communication methods and techniques that were used within these projects. Finally, the thesis that communication is one of the key factors of an interdisciplinary project’s success is confirmed.
Nonlocal photon number states for quantum metrology (2004)

Quantum metrology utilizes nonclassical states (of light) to outperform the accuracy limits of its classical counterpart. We demonstrate the relevance of photon number Fock states and polarization entanglement for the experimental realization of interferometric quantum metrology applications.
Carbide-Derived Nanoporous Carbon and Novel Core−Shell Nanowires (2006)

Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) nanowires (NWs) have been synthesized by the high-temperature treatment of small-diameter β-SiC whiskers with Cl2/H2. A variety of physical measurements indicate that Si was extracted by exposure to Cl2 and that the C in the carbon nanowires is primarily sp2-bonded. From BET measurements, the specific surface area of these carbon nanowires is 1.3 × 103 m2/g and they contain a network of nanopores. Nanoindentation measurements indicate that the SiC-derived C is not a stiff material, the elastic modulus being 5.0 ± 1.2 GPa. High-temperature treatment of the CDC nanowires under an inert gas significantly increases the degree of graphitization. In addition, partial extraction was used to obtain core−shell structures having a thin and also very high surface area CDC shell; further treatment at high temperature was used to produce graphitized carbon shell−crystalline SiC core NWs.
Robust digit recognition in noise: an evaluation using the AURORA corpus (2001)

In this paper, a variety of techniques for robust digit recognition in noise are considered using the AURORA 2.0 corpus. Current recognizers perform as well as humans in small vocabulary tasks but computer recognition performance degrades substantially when noise is introduced into the speech, while human performance is much less sensitive. To make the recognizer robust, several methodologies are employed. These include, feature processing, enhancement before recognition and model adaptation. We considered a number of processing and adaptation scenarios depending on noise type. The best performance, as expected, was obtained in matched training conditions which in general has limited applicability in real world problems. As a feature processing step, using RCCs (Root Cepstrum Coeff.) instead of MFCCs gave substantial improvement. MFCC with front-end enhancement increased performance considerably, but results were far from that obtained with matched training. When we combine the RCC with enhancement, however, we get the best results. In the next step, we employed model adaptation techniques which outperformed MFCC+enhancement and gave much closer results to the matched condition limits. However, MFCC adaptation could not outperform RCC parameterization with front-end enhancement, which we show is much more computationally efficient than model adaptation.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of conantokin-R, a selective NMDA receptor antagonist isolated from the venom of the fish-hunting snail Conus radiatus. (2000)

The purification, characterization, and synthesis of conantokin-R (Con-R), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor peptide antagonist from the venom of Conus radiatus, are described. With the use of well defined animal seizure models, Con-R was found to possess an anticonvulsant profile superior to that of ifenprodil and dizocilpine (MK-801). With voltage-clamp recording of Xenopus oocytes expressing heteromeric NMDA receptors from cloned NR1 and NR2 subunit RNAs, Con-R exhibited the following order of preference for NR2 subunits: NR2B approximately NR2A > NR2C >> NR2D. Con-R was without effect on oocytes expressing the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR1 or the kainate receptor subunit GluR6. In mouse cortical neurons voltage-clamped at -60 mV, Con-R application produced a slowly developing block of inward currents evoked by 10 microM NMDA and 1 microM glycine (IC(50) = 350 nM). At 3 microM, Con-R did not affect gamma-aminobutyric acid- or kainate-evoked currents. Con-R prevented sound-induced tonic extension seizures in the Frings audiogenic seizure-susceptible mice at i.c.v. doses below toxic levels. It was also effective at nontoxic doses in CF#1 mice against tonic extension seizures induced by threshold (15 mA) and maximal (50 mA) stimulation, and it partially blocked clonic seizures induced by s.c. pentylenetetrazol. In contrast, MK-801 and ifenprodil were effective only at doses approaching (audiogenic seizures) or exceeding (electrical and pentylenetetrazol seizures) those required to produce significant behavioral impairment. These results indicate that the subtype selectivity and other properties of Con-R afford a distinct advantage over the noncompetitive NMDA antagonists MK-801 and ifenprodil. Con-R is a useful new pharmacological agent for differentiation between the anticonvulsant and toxic effects of NMDA antagonists.
Point-sampled cell complexes (2006)

A piecewise smooth surface, possibly with boundaries, sharp edges, corners, or other features is defined by a set of samples. The basic idea is to model surface patches, curve segments and points explicitly, and then to glue them together based on explicit connectivity information. The geometry is defined as the set of stationary points of a projection operator, which is generalized to allow modeling curves with samples, and extended to account for the connectivity information. Additional tangent constraints can be used to model shapes with continuous tangents across edges and corners.
Carbonic anhydrase 9 in complex with SB4197 (2019)

The sweeteners saccharin (<b>SAC</b>) and acesulfame K (<b>ACE</b>) recently entered the topic of anticancer human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors, as they showed to selectively inhibit the tumor-associated CAs IX/XII over ubiquitous CAs. A drug design strategy is here reported, which took <b>SAC</b> and <b>ACE</b> as leads and produced a series of 2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>][1,2,4]thiadiazin-3(4<i>H</i>)-one-1,1-dioxides (<b>BTD</b>). Many derivatives showed greater potency (<i><i>K</i></i><sub>I</sub>s-CA IX 19.1-408.5 nM) and selectivity (II/IX SI 2-76) than the leads (<i>K</i><sub>I</sub>s-CA IX 103, 2400 nM; II/IX-SI 56, >4) against CA IX/XII over off-target isoforms. A thorough X-ray crystallographic study depicted their binding mode to both CA II and IX-mimic. The most representative <b>BTDs</b> were characterized in vitro for their antitumor activity against A549, PC-3, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines both in normoxia and hypoxia. The two most effective compounds were assayed for their effect on several apoptosis markers, identifying promising leads for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Data Supplement from Neuronal Pentraxin 2 Supports Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Activating the AMPA-Selective Glutamate Receptor-4 (2023)

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Synthesis and antiviral activity of some acyclic and C-acyclic pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogs (1990)

A series of acyclic and C-acyclic 7-deazapurine nucleosides have been synthesized and tested for antiviral activity. Reaction of the sodium salt of 2-amino-3,4-bis(aminocarbonyl)-5-(methylthio)pyrrole (6) with an appropriate electrophile gave pyrrole nucleosides which served as common intermediates to both the 7-deazaadenosine and the 7-deazaguanosine series. Several of these 5- and 5,6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides have shown activity against HIV virus in preliminary in vitro screens.
Towards Universal Adversarial Examples and Defenses (2021)

Adversarial examples have recently exposed the severe vulnerability of neural network models. However, most of the existing attacks require some form of target model information (i.e., weights/model inquiry/architecture) to improve the efficacy of the attack. We leverage the information-theoretic connections between robust learning and generalized rate-distortion theory to formulate a universal adversarial example (UAE) generation algorithm. Our algorithm trains an offline adversarial generator to minimize the mutual information between the label and perturbed data. At the inference phase, our UAE method can efficiently generate effective adversarial examples without high computation cost. These adversarial examples in turn allow for developing universal defenses through adversarial training. Our experiments demonstrate promising gains in improving the training efficiency of conventional adversarial training.
Ni3FeN‐Supported Fe3Pt Intermetallic Nanoalloy as a High‐Performance Bifunctional Catalyst for Metal–Air Batteries (2017)

Electrocatalysts for both the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) are vital for the performances of rechargeable metal-air batteries. Herein, we report an advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst consisting of porous metallic nickel-iron nitride (Ni<sub>3</sub> FeN) supporting ordered Fe<sub>3</sub> Pt intermetallic nanoalloy. In this hybrid catalyst, the bimetallic nitride Ni<sub>3</sub> FeN mainly contributes to the high activity for the OER while the ordered Fe<sub>3</sub> Pt nanoalloy contributes to the excellent activity for the ORR. Robust Ni<sub>3</sub> FeN-supported Fe<sub>3</sub> Pt catalysts show superior catalytic performance to the state-of-the-art ORR catalyst (Pt/C) and OER catalyst (Ir/C). The Fe<sub>3</sub> Pt/Ni<sub>3</sub> FeN bifunctional catalyst enables Zn-air batteries to achieve a long-term cycling performance of over 480 h at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> with high efficiency. The extraordinarily high performance of the Fe<sub>3</sub> Pt/Ni<sub>3</sub> FeN bifunctional catalyst makes it a very promising air cathode in alkaline electrolyte.
Verifying Multiple Virtual Networks in Software Defined Networks (2021)

Software Defined Network (SDN) technology is one of the modern network virtualization technologies. When implementing a virtual network on the SDN data plane, undesired effects may occur: the appearance of undesired paths where packages can be sent, “looping” when the packages are infinitely cycled and infinitely cloned, duplicate paths when the host receives the same package several times. We show that these effects can occur for the joint implementation of several virtual networks even if the implementation of each separate virtual network does not cause these effects. A method for verifying the implementation of several virtual networks is proposed. A sufficient condition is established for the graph of physical connections when any set of virtual networks can be implemented without the occurrence of the above undesirable effects.
FEC overhead optimization for long-haul transmission of PM-16QAM based 400Gb/s super-channel (2014)

We optimize the FEC-OH of dual-carrier PM-16QAM 400Gb/s super-channel, considering the tradeoff between FEC net coding gain and performance penalties due to limited DAC/ADC bandwidth. At optimum FEC-OH (−29%), WDM transmission of 400Gb/s super-channel over 2150km LAPSCF is experimentally demonstrated.