gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validity of rough surface backscattering models (2004)

Abstract A study of the regions of validity for rough surface scattering models is conducted for surfaces with Gaussian and power law power spectra. Models included in the study are physical optics (PO), geometrical optics, small perturbation method and small slope approximation. The range of validity of the PO model is commonly described by a bound on the radius curvature of the surface relative to the electromagnetic wavelength. We show empirically that for backscattering the region of accuracy is more accurately described by a bound on surface slope. For surfaces with a Gaussian power spectrum, the PO model is accurate to within 2 dB for RMS surface slope values less than 0.59 cos3θ. For surfaces with a power law power spectral density, the PO model is accurate for significant slope values (RMS surface height/wavelength of the dominant spectral peak) less than 0.037 cos3θ. These conditions are valid up to approximately 30°. The regions of validity of other models in the study are also shown to be well approximated by bounds on surface slope.
A structurally derived model of subunit‐dependent NMDA receptor function (2018)

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are tetrameric complexes comprising two glycine-binding GluN1 and two glutamate-binding GluN2 subunits. Four GluN2 subunits encoded by different genes can produce up to 10 different di- and triheteromeric receptors. In addition, some neurological patients contain a de novo mutation or inherited rare variant in only one subunit. There is currently no mechanistic framework to describe tetrameric receptor function that can be extended to receptors with two different GluN1 or GluN2 subunits. Here we use the structural features of glutamate receptors to develop a mechanism describing both single channel and macroscopic NMDAR currents. We propose that each agonist-bound subunit undergoes some rate-limiting conformational change after agonist binding, prior to channel opening. We hypothesize that this conformational change occurs within a triad of interactions between a short helix preceding the M1 transmembrane helix, the highly conserved M3 motif encoded by the residues SYTANLAAF, and the linker preceding the M4 transmembrane helix of the adjacent subunit. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that pre-M1 helix motion is uncorrelated between subunits, which we interpret to suggest independent subunit-specific conformational changes may influence these pre-gating steps. According to this interpretation, these conformational changes are the main determinants of the key kinetic properties of NMDA receptor activation following agonist binding, and so these steps sculpt their physiological role. We show that this structurally derived tetrameric model describes both single channel and macroscopic data, giving a new approach to interpreting functional properties of synaptic NMDARs that provides a logical framework to understanding receptors with non-identical subunits.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Novel Series of 2‐(Phenylthio)benzo[b]thiophenes as Selective MT2 Receptor Ligands. (2011)

Abstract Newly synthesized compounds (III) are evaluated for binding affinity and intrinsic activity at melatonin receptors.
Missed opportunities: unnecessary medicine use in patients with lung cancer at the end of life – an international cohort study (2018)

The use of preventative medication was common in lung cancer patients, despite undergoing discharge. Patient- and hospital-based factors did not influence the prescribing of preventative medication.
Simultaneous Monitoring of Chromatic Dispersion and PMD for OOK and DPSK Using Partial-Bit-Delay-Assisted Clock Tone Detection (2006)

We present a simultaneous chromatic and polarization mode dispersion monitoring method using partial bit delay-assisted clock tone monitoring. The method increases clock-tone monitoring sensitivity by a factor of two for NRZ and five for DPSK.
Clinical clues to predict telomere shortness in pulmonary fibrosis (2016)

Critical short telomere length has been found in a subset of patients with idiopathic and familial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, FPF) and emphysema. The aim of the study was to identify clinical predicting factors for this genetic disorder.
Synergistic Boron Doping of Semiconductor and Dielectric Layers for High-Performance Metal Oxide Transistors: Interplay of Experiment and Theory (2018)

We report the results of a study to enhance metal oxide (MO) thin-film transistor (TFT) performance by doping both the semiconductor (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and gate dielectric (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) layers with boron (yielding IBO and ABO, respectively) and provide the first quantitative analysis of how B doping affects charge transport in these MO dielectric and semiconducting matrices. The impact of 1-9 atom % B doping on MO microstructure, morphology, oxygen defects, charge transport, and dielectric properties is analyzed together, in detail, by complementary experimental (microstructural, electrical) and theoretical (ab initio MD, DFT) methods. The results indicate that B doping frustrates In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crystallization while suppressing defects responsible for electron trapping and carrier generation. In the adjacent Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> dielectric, B doping increases the dielectric constant and refractive index while reducing leakage currents. Furthermore, optimized solution-processed TFTs combining IBO channels with 6 atom % B and ABO dielectrics with 10 atom % B exhibit field effect mobilities as high as 11 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, current on/off ratios >10<sup>5</sup>, threshold voltages = 0.6 V, and superior bias stress durability.
The Impact of Prolonged Inflammation on Wound Healing (2022)

The treatment of chronic wounds still challenges modern medicine because of these wounds' heterogenic pathophysiology. Processes such as inflammation, ischemia and bacterial infection play major roles in the progression of a chronic wound. In recent years, preclinical wound models have been used to understand the underlying processes of chronic wound formation. However, the wound models used to investigate chronic wounds often lack translatability from preclinical models to patients, and often do not take exaggerated inflammation into consideration. Therefore, we aimed to investigate prolonged inflammation in a porcine wound model by using resiquimod, a TLR7 and TLR8 agonist. Pigs received full thickness excisional wounds, where resiquimod was applied daily for 6 days, and untreated wounds served as controls. Dressing change, visual documentation and wound scoring were performed daily. Biopsies were collected for histological as well as gene expression analysis. Resiquimod application on full thickness wounds induced a visible inflammation of wounds, resulting in delayed wound healing compared to non-treated control wounds. Gene expression analysis revealed high levels of IL6, MMP1 and CD68 expression after resiquimod application, and histological analysis showed increased immune cell infiltration. By using resiquimod, we were able to show that prolonged inflammation delayed wound healing, which is often observed in chronic wounds in patients. The model we used shows the importance of inflammation in wound healing and gives an insight into the progression of chronic wounds.
A 500-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of .mu. opioid peptides in a simulated receptor environment (1987)

The structure-activity relationship of several mu selective opioid peptides has been evaluated on the basis of both experimental and theoretical approaches. The conformations of Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2, the tetrapeptide N-fragment of dermorphin, and two analogues have been studied in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical environment inside the receptor has been simulated by complexing the peptides with a crown ether and dissolving the complexes in chloroform. The family of conformations derived from the NMR data possesses most of the features previously proposed for mu agonists and is fully consistent with an original model of the mu receptor based on the structures of many rigid opiates. As a simple test of this model, the synthesis of a linear peptide with significant mu activity in spite of the absence of Tyr1 is reported.
Lipoxin A 4 augments host defense in sepsis and reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence through quorum sensing inhibition (2016)

Bacterial infections can quickly turn into sepsis, with its attendant clinical sequelae of inflammation, tissue injury, and organ failure. Paradoxically, sustained inflammation in sepsis may lead to immune suppression, because of which the host is unable to clear the existing infection. Use of agents that suppress the inflammatory response may accelerate host immune suppression, whereas use of traditional antibiotics does not significantly affect inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a specialized, proresolution lipid mediator, could increase neutrophil phagocytic activity as well as reduce bacterial virulence. Using the mouse cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, the administration of LXA4 (7 μg/kg i.v.) 1 h after surgery increased neutrophil phagocytic ability and Fcγ receptor I (CD64) expression. Ex vivo studies have confirmed that the direct addition of LXA4 to CLP neutrophils increased phagocytic ability but not CD64 expression. LXA4 did not affect neutrophils taken from control mice in which CD64 expression was minimal. Taken together with in vivo data, these results suggest that LXA4 directly augments CD64-mediated neutrophil phagocytic ability but does not directly increase neutrophil CD64 expression. Bacterial communication and virulence is regulated by quorum sensing inducers. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, virulence is induced with release of various virulence factors, by N-3-oxododecanolyl homoserine lactone binding to the quorum sensing receptor, LasR. We show that LXA4 is an inhibitor of LasR in P. aeruginosa and that it decreases the release of pyocyanin exotoxin. These results suggest that LXA4 has the novel dual properties of increasing host defense and decreasing pathogen virulence by inhibiting quorum sensing.-Wu, B., Capilato, J., Pham, M. P., Walker, J., Spur, B., Rodriguez, A., Perez, L. J., Yin, K. Lipoxin A4 augments host defense in sepsis and reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence through quorum sensing inhibition.
Inkjet Printed Liquid Crystal Cilia (2017)

A widely applied method to form liquid crystal networks (LCNs) is photo-initiated polymerization of monomers that possess a LC phase. The variety in LC phases of the LC monomers provides diversity in molecular order, all self-organizing and being preserved by photopolymerization. This chapter first explains the principles of shape deformation in LC networks using the most straightforward case of a thermal actuator. Using the thermal actuator as an example, effects of various alignments such as twisted nematic (TN), splay, and cholesteric order are shown. Next, the chapter demonstrates that LCN actuators can be made to respond to light as trigger. It further deals with an example of miniaturization of actuators for a microfluidic application, where actuators are structured using inkjet printing. For the purpose of inkjet printed cilia, two different azo dyes are used: A3MA and DR1A, a methacrylate and an acrylate, respectively, capable of copolymerizing with the other monomers in the mentioned system.
Wavelength converters in dynamically-reconfigurable WDM networks (1999)

In simple wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) networks, a connection must be established along a route using a common wavelength on all of the links along the route. This constraint may be removed by the introduction of wavelength converters, which are devices which take the data modulated on an input wavelength and transfer it to a different output wavelength. Wavelength converters thus improve network blocking performance. However, the introduction of wavelength converters into WDM cross-connects increases the hardware cost and complexity. Thus, it is important to establish precisely what advantages wavelength converters offer WDM networks. There has been considerable interest in the literature in the performance improvements offered by the introduction of wavelength converters into dynamically-reconfigurable WDM networks. This article provides a review of the conclusions drawn from these investigations. The performance improvements offered by wavelength converters depend on a number of factors, including network topology and size, the number of wavelengths, and the routing and wavelength assignment algorithms used. We discuss these factors here. However, it has been shown that wavelength converters offer only modest performance improvements in many networks. We also consider networks with limited wavelength conversion, in which the set of allowable conversions at a network node is constrained by having limited numbers of wavelength converters, or by using non-ideal wavelength converters. Limited wavelength conversion has been shown to provide performance which is often close to that achieved with ideal wavelength conversion in networks with tunable transmitters and receivers.
1.032-Tb/s CPRI-Equivalent Data Rate Transmission using IF-over-Fiber System for High Capacity Mobile Fronthaul Links (2017)

We demonstrate the IF-over-Fiber transmission over 20-km SMF using a parallel IM/PM transmitter with 1.032-Tb/s CPRI-equivalent data rate, for the first time. Thanks to the transmitter, we can avoid dispersion-induced RF power fading without any sophisticated DSP.
Auf den Geschmack gekommen? (2009)

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture
Improving the long pulse width failure current of NPN in BiCMOS technology (2016)

The pulse width dependency of the failure current for NPN structures in a 0.18-μm BiCMOS technology is studied using measurements and TCAD simulation. The desired “Wunsch-Bell” behavior is not observed due to formation of current filaments in this device; however, the failure current for long pulse widths can be increased by layout changes.
The Live Wire Approach for the Segmentation of Left Ventricle Electron-Beam CT Images (2002)

Measuring the volume of heart ventricles is an important issue in heart disease diagnosis. Therefore many radiologists investigate computer tomographic images, searching for representative projections of the left ventricle. They use parametric models by measuring ellipse parameters in certain images under the assumption that the left ventricle has an ellipsoid shape. This paper describes the application of the LiveWire approach, an interactive segmentation technique which can be used as an alternative volume estimation method. The implementation of LiveWire approach and volume estimation was applied on 31 data sets showing the left ventricle in long-axis configuration from EBCT movie-mode images. We found an excellent correlation of 97% between volumes from an expert’s manually drawn ventricle contours and the contours produced with the LiveWire tool. The comparison of the LiveWire volumes with the parametric model shows a correlation of 84% lying in the same range as the manually drawn contours vs. the parametric model (86%). We conclude that LiveWire is an excellent tool for left ventricle segmentation in the hands of a radiologist.
A Fully Integrated 10-Gb/s Receiver With Adaptive Optical Dispersion Equalizer in 0.13-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS (2007)

A 10 Gb/s receiver, containing an adaptive equalizer, a clock and data recovery, and a de-multiplexer, is implemented in 0.13-mum CMOS. The chip is intended for long-haul optical fiber links where chromatic and polarization mode dispersions are reach-limiting factors. The equalization is performed by a continuous time filter and a two-tap decision feedback equalizer while automatic threshold and phase adjustments are embedded in the CDR. Use of an analog equalizer with digital adaptation garners total power dissipation of 950 mW. Error-free operation over 200 km of single mode fiber is demonstrated. With 140 km of single mode fiber, optical signal to noise ratio penalty is only 2dB. Differential group delay of 100 ps can also be tolerated
Efficient electroluminescence of distyrylarylene with hole transporting ability (1995)

We report that organic electroluminescence devices with a hole transporting emitting layer composed of distyrylarylene derivatives realized highly efficient and bright emission in the blue-green region. Luminous efficiency was obtained to be 2.1 lm/W in the low-luminance region (135 cd/m2) using an indium tin oxide/emitting layer/electron transporting layer/Mg:Ag structure. The external quantum efficiency was estimated to be about 1.5%. The highest luminance was obtained to be 4000 cd/m2 for the device.
Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on Base Current Gain in Power 4H-SiC BJTs (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Prolonged operation of a methane biofilter from acclimation to the failure stage (2023)

Global warming needs immediate attention to reduce major greenhouse gas emissions such as methane (CH4). Bio-oxidation of dilute CH4 emissions in packed-bed bioreactors such as biofilters has been carried out over recent years at laboratory and large scales. However, a big challenge is to keep CH4 biofilters running for a long period. In this study, a packed-bed lab-scale bioreactor with a specialized inorganic-based filter bed was successfully operated over four years for CH4 elimination. The inoculation of the bioreactor was the active leachate of another CH4 biofilter which resulted in a fast acclimation and removal efficiency (RE) reached 80% after seven weeks of operation for CH4 inlet concentrations ranging from 700 to 800 ppmv and an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 6 min. During four years of operation, the bioreactor often recorded REs higher than 65% for inlet concentrations in the range of 1900-2200 ppmv and an EBRT of 6 min. The rate and interval of the nutrient supply played an important role in maintaining the bioreactor's high performance over the long operation. Forced shutdowns were unavoidable during the 4-year operation and the bioreactor fully tolerated them with a partial recovery within one week and a progressive recovery over time. In the end, the bioreactor's filter bed started to deteriorate due to a long shutdown of twelve weeks and the extended operation of four years when the RE dropped to below 8% with no sign of returning to its earlier performance.
Effect of formalin fixing on chromophore saliency maps derived from multi-spectral macropathology skin images (2021)

Evaluation of tissue margins and hemodynamics is necessary during macropathology of skin lesions. This study aims to produce saliency maps of skin chromophores from ex-vivo specimens and observe the effect of formalin fixation on the maps. We used a multi-spectral imaging system with narrow-band illumination to capture various skin lesions. Saliency maps were produced with three different methods adapted from the literature by utilizing spectral absorption and absorption slope. Saliency maps derived from fixed and unfixed tissue were registered and subsequently compared in terms of correlation and histogram similarity. Preliminary results show high dissimilarity between maps of fixed and unfixed tissue, highlighting the influence of formalin fixing on hemodynamics, while relative distribution of melanin remained mostly unaffected.
Preparation and Characterization of Cu-Based Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis in MeOH-FPSO Process (2013)

A series of Cu-ZnO based catalysts have been synthesized by the wet impregnation method at different pH, and after calcinations, have been evaluated for the synthesis of methanol in the temperature range 220 to 260 degrees C at 35 bar with space velocity of 3,000 h(-1) and feed molar ratios of H2/CO = 2. The catalysts have been characterized by XRD, SEM, elemental analysis, surface area and porosity measurements. It is found that the catalyst synthesized at pH 7 is most active with a CO conversion of 35.7% and a methanol selectivity of 98.1% and this can be used as an efficient catalyst for the MeOH-FPSO process.
Development of an immuno-wall device for the rapid and sensitive detection of EGFR mutations in tumor tissues resected from lung cancer patients (2020)

Detecting molecular targets in specimens from patients with lung cancer is essential for targeted therapy. Recently, we developed a highly sensitive, rapid-detection device (an immuno-wall device) that utilizes photoreactive polyvinyl alcohol immobilized with antibodies against a target protein via a streptavidin-biotin interaction. To evaluate its performance, we assayed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, such as E746_A750 deletion in exon 19 or L858R substitution in exon 21, both of which are common in non-small cell lung cancer and important predictors of the treatment efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The results showed that in 20-min assays, the devices detected as few as 1% (E746_A750 deletion) and 0.1% (L858R substitution) of mutant cells. Subsequent evaluation of detection of the mutations in surgically resected lung cancer specimens from patients with or without EGFR mutations and previously diagnosed using commercially available, clinically approved genotyping assays revealed diagnostic sensitivities of the immuno-wall device for E746_A750 deletion and L858R substitution of 85.7% and 87.5%, respectively, with specificities of 100% for both mutations. These results suggest that the immuno-wall device represents a good candidate next-generation diagnostic tool, especially for screening of EGFR mutations.
Controlling fine particle formation processes using a concentric microreactor (2006)

Abstract To clarify the mechanism of fine‐particle formation processes in a multilamination type microreactor that proceeds mainly due to molecular‐diffusion‐induced mixing, the relation between the size and distribution, and reaction‐operation condition in experimental and numerical approaches is investigated. For experimental study, a concentric microreactor was used, and titania fine‐particle formation was examined as a model reaction. Based on the hypothesis on the fine‐particle formation mechanism, from the experimental results derived, a relatively simple calculation model was made, and validity demonstrated by showing the coincidence of the calculation results and the experimental results. Also, the calculation model was used to establish a technique for predicting the reactant concentration profiles in the microchannel, particle‐growth rate, number of formed particles, and nucleation region. Thus, the proposed analysis method will be useful as a guideline for designing microreactors to form fine particles, and will provide industrially information. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007