gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Wind Turbine Drivetrain Prognosis Approach Using Elman Neural Network (2018)

Common mechanical failures in wind turbine generators (WTGs) result in unplanned downtime, loose of production and increase the maintenance cost. Statistical studies have shown that failures due to high-speed shaft bearing (HSSB) account for 64% of all drivetrain failures. Consequently, prognostic and health management (PHM) of WTGs aims to estimate the future state of health and predict the reaming useful life (RUL) of HSSB. This paper considers a new data-driven approach based on vibration signals. This approach extracts statistical time-domain features that reflect the behavior of the system and its degradation. Then, the extracted features are evaluated to select the most trendable condition indicators that will be considered as inputs for an Elman neural network (ENN). Moreover, this paper proposes a new ENN architecture for direct RUL estimation of HSSB validated by use of real measured data from a WTG drivetrain. The proposed method reveals accurate estimation capability even with noisy measurements and harsh conditions.
Graphenic Carbon-Silicon Contacts for Reliability Improvement of Metal-Silicon Junctions (2016)

Contact resistance and thermal degradation of metal-silicon contacts are challenges in nanoscale CMOS as well as in power device applications. Titanium silicide (TiSi) contacts are commonly used metal-silicon contacts, but are known to diffuse into the active region under high current stress. In this paper we show that a graphenic carbon (C) contact deposited on n-type silicon (C-Si) by CVD, has the same low Schottky barrier height of 0.45 eV as TiSi, but a much improved reliability against high current stress. The C-Si contact is over 100 million times more stable against high current stress pulses than the conventionally used TiSi junction. The C-Si contact properties even show promise to establish an ultra-low, high temperature stable contact resistance. The finding has important consequences for the enhancement of reliability in power devices as well as in Schottky-diodes and electrical contacts to silicon in general.
A Complete Scheme for Creating Predefined Networks of Individual Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

We describe and demonstrate a method of creating arrays of patterned, individual, single-walled carbon nanotubes, including the spectroscopic mapping of the array. The process consists of creating networks of nanotubes suspended between silicon pillars, which are then transferred onto other substrates by an innovative process of direct stamping. Raman spectroscopy is used to spatially map and assign the specific properties of the suspended network prior to transfer. This method provides a simple and inexpensive means for deriving nanoscale devices utilizing individually assigned carbon nanotubes in a robust and non-surface-specific technique.
Inhibition of polyoma virus development in mouse–hamster heterokaryons (1973)

Mouse cells which normally permitted polyoma virus development, and hamster cells which were non-permissive (BHK-21 and polyoma virus-transformed hamster cells), were subjected to cell-fusion techniques, and the resultant cultures were examined for the capacity of heterokaryons to yield polyoma viral capsid protein. Little or no capsid protein was synthesized in the heterokaryons, although individual mouse cells and mouse homokaryons gave normal yields. Furthermore, the hamster cell inhibitory effect manifested itself even when the mouse cells had been infected with the virus before cell fusion.
On-current modeling of large-grain polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (2001)

Large-grain excimer laser-annealed polysilicon TFTs are studied. Due to the large grain size of the polysilicon film (about 2.5 /spl mu/m), we propose a model for the on-current (above threshold voltage) taking into account the number of grain boundaries within the channel. This linear-region model considers grain and grain boundaries as two noncorrelated regions within the channel of a polysilicon TFT. The trap density at the grain boundaries and the device parameters involved in this model are determined by fitting the experimental transfer characteristic in the linear regime. Moreover, we show that the proposed model provides reliable results within a temperature range from 150 K to 300 K. Finally, it serves to optimize the energy density of laser annealing and to make predictions about polysilicon TFT technology, since TFTs performances versus grain size plots can be obtained.
The Reactions of Coordinated Ligands. VII. Metal Ion Control in the Synthesis of Chelate Compounds Containing Pentadentate and Sexadentate Macrocyclic Ligands (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reactions of Coordinated Ligands. VII. Metal Ion Control in the Synthesis of Chelate Compounds Containing Pentadentate and Sexadentate Macrocyclic LigandsJohn D. Curry and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 4, 592–594Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01058a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01058a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grid topology identification using electricity prices (2014)

The potential of recovering the topology of a grid using solely publicly available market data is explored here. In contemporary whole-sale electricity markets, real-time prices are typically determined by solving the network-constrained economic dispatch problem. Under a linear DC model, locational marginal prices (LMPs) correspond to the Lagrange multipliers of the linear program involved. The interesting observation here is that the matrix of spatiotemporally varying LMPs exhibits the following property: Once premultiplied by the weighted grid Laplacian, it yields a low-rank and sparse matrix. Leveraging this rich structure, a regularized maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is developed to recover the grid Laplacian from the LMPs. The convex optimization problem formulated includes low rank-and sparsity-promoting regularizers, and it is solved using a scalable algorithm. Numerical tests on prices generated for the IEEE 14-bus benchmark provide encouraging topology recovery results.
Characterization of Chloroclosoborane Acids as Electrolytes for Acid Fuel Cells (1985)

The perchloroclosoborane acids, and , were prepared in high purity and investigated as alternative electrolytes to in moderate temperature acid fuel cells. Procedures were developed for the purification of the acids prepared from commercially available salts. The purified acids were characterized by infrared, electronic, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Concentrated aqueous solutions of the acids were found to have low ionic conductivity and a moderate water vapor pressure. The mono anions, and , formed from reactions of concentrated aqueous solutions or the solid hydrates of the acids. The and anions were also found to adsorb on electrocatalytic Pt surfaces.
Synthesis of functionalized cyclic carbonate monomers using a versatile pentafluorophenyl carbonate intermediate (2013)

Functionalized cyclic carbonate monomers were synthesized via a two step route featuring a novel cyclic carbonate intermediate possessing a pendent activated pentafluorophenyl carbonate group (MTC-PFPC). The pentafluorophenyl carbonate of MTC-PFPC was selectively substituted with suitable nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines and thiols generating functionalized cyclic carbonates in moderate to high yield.
On Baldwin's kinetic barrier against 5-(enol-endo)-exo-trigonal closures: a comparison of ionic and analogous radical reactions, and a new synthesis of cyclopentanones (1987)

The kinetic barrier that impedes ionic 5-(enol-endo)-exo-trigonal closures does not play such a dominant role in the case of α-oxo radicals (17); these radicals cyclize directly to cyclopentanones in a process that constitutes a synthetic method for converting allylic alcohols (12) into bicyclo[n.3.0]alkanones (19).
Brain motion correction for pre-clinical stationary pinhole SPECT-PET using radioactive fiducial markers. (2015)

1812 Objectives To avoid influences of physical restraint or anaesthesia in brain imaging, correction for head motion is necessary. Stationary pinhole SPECT-PET [VECTor, Goorden et al. 2013, JNM, pp. 306-312] provides unique opportunities for SPECT and PET motion correction with minimal loss of scan time since projection data from all required angles is simultaneous acquired for multiple isotopes. Methods VECTor was used to acquire dual isotope list mode data for moving resolution and head phantoms. Position was tracked as a function of time by imaging three radioactive fiducial 153Gd markers of 3.7 MBq each. Energy discrimination was used to analyse the marker location on the detectors and data was split into frames in which no movement was detected. Using pixel-based OSEM images were reconstructed from these motion-free frames. Position parameters were obtained by rigid body registration of the marker images. Motion corrected images of the SPECT or PET tracer were obtained using these position parameters to correct the voxel locations for each individual frame and combining this into a single reconstruction similar to the Scanning Focus Method [Vastenhouw et al. 2007, JNM, pp. 487-493]. This way, the fast tracking capabilities of the full ring detector set-up were employed, removing the need for additional motion tracking systems. Results Phantom scans with motor-controlled movement sequences show that the positions of the fiducial markers can be determined within 0.1 mm. Resulting motion corrected images show a close match with a stationary reference measurement for both the motor-controlled sequence scan and for a manually moved phantom scan. Conclusions Motion correction with ‘off the shelf’ radioactive markers is a promising technique for ultra-high resolution pinhole SPECT-PET. This is expected to enable functional brain studies of awake, unrestrained mice with (simultaneous) SPECT and PET.
Analysis of Biomolecular Interactions Using a Miniaturized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor (2002)

A commercially available miniaturized surface plasmon resonance sensor has been investigated for its applicability to biological interaction analysis. The sensor was found to exhibit excellent repeatability and linearity for high-refractive index solutions and good reproducibility for the binding of proteins. Its detection limit for the monoclonal antibody M1 was found to be 2.1 fmol, which corresponds to a surface concentration of 21 pg/mm2. Simple surface immobilization procedures relying on biotin/avidin or glycoprotein/lectin chemistry have been explored. Equilibrium dissociation constants for the binding of the FLAG peptide to its monoclonal antibody (M1) and for the binding of concanavalin A to a glycoprotein have been determined. The close agreement of these measurements with values obtained by surface fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy helps to validate the use of this device. Thus, this sensor shows promise as an inexpensive, portable, and accurate tool for bioanalytical applications in laboratory and clinical settings.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from MYC Phosphorylation, Activation, and Tumorigenic Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Regulated by HMG-CoA Reductase (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5 from MYC Phosphorylation, Activation, and Tumorigenic Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Regulated by HMG-CoA Reductase
Mood, vegetative disturbance, and dexamethasone suppression test after stroke (1982)

Assessments of mood disturbance and "vegetative" (appetite or sleep) disturbance as well as a single-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were carried out in 25 randomly selected stroke patients and in 13 nonstroke control patients hospitalized in a rehabilitation center. Prevalence rates of moderate-to-serve depression of mood and vegetative disturbance were significantly higher in stroke patients than controls (48% and 52% versus 0% and 8%, respectively), as was the prevalence of abnormal DST results (52% versus 8%). Abnormal DST results were associated with the occurrence of moderate to severe mood, appetite, and sleep disturbances among all patients. in 2 stroke patients, repeated DST results paralleled the clinical course. The DST may be useful as an adjunct to the diagnosis and in monitoring the progress of the common and potentially reversible mood and vegetative disturbances occurring after stroke.
Angular Distribution of Rotons Generated by Alpha Particles in Superfluid Helium: A Possible Tool for Low Energy Particle Detection (1995)

We report measurements of the distribution of rotons generated by \ensuremath{\alpha} particles interacting in a bath of superfluid helium. The roton flux is found to be anisotropic; it is about 4 times larger transverse to the track direction than along it. This asymmetry may provide a powerful tool in particle and astrophysics experiments where sensitivity to low energy recoil track direction is important.
Towards an Assurance Case Practice for Medical Devices (2009)

http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/reports/09tn018.cfm
Identifying Phage Lytic Enzymes: Past, Present, and Future (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Historical Perspectives on Lysin Identification Into the Age of Molecular Cloning Phage Lysins and Functional Screening Recent Additions to Functional Screening Lytic Enzymes and Whole - Genome Sequencing Sequence - Based Versus Functional: Pros and Cons Future Strategies for Lysin Identification Enzybiotics beyond Phage Lysins Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Endnotes References
Novel Processing of Porous Titanium Composite for Producing Open Cell Structure (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Neurotoxin Versus Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Refractory Overactive Bladder Syndrome (2008)

Overactive bladder (OAB) is common and is estimated to affect 16.5% of the adult population. In patients refractory to pharmacotherapy, new treatment modalities, such as neuromodulation and botulinum toxin (BoNT), have had encouraging results. Neuromodulation has promising efficacious results in treating refractory OAB, urinary retention and bowel dysfunction, but the reoperation rate is relatively high, and the full mechanism of action of sacral nerve modulation is incompletely understood. BoNT is another potential alternative to surgical intervention for patients with refractory OAB, neurogenic detrusor overactivity and interstitial cystitis. BoNT-A injection in patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity have reported increases in cystometric capacity, improved subjective symptoms and urodynamic parameters, and improved quality of life. BoNT injection offers an efficacious, minimally invasive alternative to sacral nerve modulation for the treatment of refractory OAB.
Simulation of Vorticity Driven Flame Instability Using a Flame Surface Density Approach Including Markstein Number Effects (2009)

The combustion induced and vorticity driven instability behaviour of a lean flame within a premixed combustion system under typical gas turbine conditions is investigated numerically. Over a wide range of operation conditions, the flame is stabilised by the well known mechanisms of premixed confined combustion systems interacting with a turbulent swirled flow field. However, the behaviour of the flame changes drastically just as a critical equivalence ratio is reached: the flame moves upstream close to the rotational axis at positions of originally highest downstream velocities. This flashback behaviour is known as combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) [1] since the upstream propagation results from a local breakdown of the swirled flow field caused by the heat release. A Reynolds-Stress turbulence approach is used as closure model for the three dimensional uRANS simulations to capture the highly turbulent and exceedingly anisotropic flow field. In addition, a flame surface density (FSD) formulation is utilised for combustion modelling. Hence, the essential process of flame vortex interaction is considered in particular. This process is expressed by the important effects of flame strain and curvature and is directly taken into account by means of solving the Favre averaged area of flame surface with the aid of a transport equation. The considered stretch effects do not only influence the production and destruction of the flame surface but moreover modify the local heat release by altering the pseudo-chemical parameter of flame speed. This effect is captured through the Markstein number that is determined by preliminary flamelet calculations. The numerical results lead to the conclusion that the strained and re-orientated vorticity filaments are mainly responsible for the formation of locally negative velocities close to the rotational axis. The re-orientation and straining of vortex filaments is in turn controlled by the local heat release. Finally, the overall occurrence of the simulated flashback is in good accordance with the experiments but does also demonstrate the importance of strain effects on global flame behaviour.
High-Throughput Identification of Combinatorial Ligands for DNA Delivery in Cell Culture (2008)

Finding the optimal combinations of ligands for tissue‐specific delivery is tedious even if only a few well‐established compounds are tested. The cargo affects the receptor‐ligand interaction, especially when it is charged like DNA. The ligand should therefore be evaluated together with its cargo. Several viruses have been shown to interact with more than one receptor, for efficient internalization. We here present a DNA oligonucleotide‐based method for inexpensive and rapid screening of biotin labeled ligands for combinatorial effects on cellular binding and uptake. The oligonucleotide complex was designed as a 44 bp double‐stranded DNA oligonucleotide with one central streptavidin molecule and a second streptavidin at the terminus. The use of a highly advanced robotic platform ensured stringent processing and execution of the experiments. The oligonucleotides were fluorescently labeled and used for detection and analysis of cell‐bound, internalized and intra‐cellular compartmentalized constructs by an automated line‐scanning confocal microscope, IN Cell Analyzer 3000. All possible combinations of 22 ligands were explored in sets of 2 and tested on 6 different human cell lines in triplicates. In total, 10 000 transfections were performed on the automation platform. Cell‐specific combinations of ligands were identified and their relative position on the scaffold oligonucleotide was found to be of importance. The ligands were found to be cargo dependent, carbohydrates were more potent for DNA delivery whereas cell penetrating peptides were more potent for delivery of less charged particles.
A highly efficient zinc catalyst for selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous NaCl solution (2015)

A low-cost nanoscale zinc catalyst, prepared by a facile electrochemical strategy, exhibits high activity toward electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO with up to 93% Faraday efficiency in aqueous NaCl solution.
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF PEAT EXPLOITATION IN EUROPE AND ITS SUSTAINABILITY (2016)

Availability of natural resources is instrumental in ensuring both growth and survival of a sovereign state’s economy and its population’s livelihood. As such, it is essential that natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable be managed sustainably. Natural resources can be found in a variety of forms and functions – including mining of rare earth and minerals, crude oil, forests and arable land for livestocks and agriculture.
Peatlands are one such resource and historically they have been excavated and exploited for fuel and used as arable land for agriculture and forestry. Peatlands also have vital ecological functions, such as supporting biodiversity and functions as a depository for carbon stocks.
The focus of this review is to look at how peat, especially in Europe has been exploited; literally fuelling its economy in certain cases. In addition to this, peat also played an important role in providing arable land for Europe’s forestry, agriculture and horticulture sectors. Some of these sectors have remained key pillars in Europe’s economy. For example, the Dutch horticulture sector is a €4 billion industry. In Sweden and Finland, peat is a vital cog in their energy supply chain.
However, in the process of exploiting any natural resources, it is inevitable that land use change and other environmental impacts would arise, especially if it is poorly managed. Thus, this begs the questions of its sustainability. It is especially critical now, as a growing body of scientific evidence, for example the IPCC (in 2007), have pointed towards land use change as one of the major contributors towards global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, thereby accelerating the detrimental effects of climate change.
In this review we estimate the amount of peat loss in this transition (when it was developed for the European countries’ economic wealth creation), as well as the GHG emitted during this period (which is still continuing to do so). A comparison is also drawn with the utilization of peatlands in developing countries, where it is driven primarily by the need to increase population living standards, and to eradicate poverty. The review shows evidence that Europe has also significantly contributed towards global GHG emissions as a result of its peatland development, and created better standards of living that currently may not necessitate further exploitation of its peatlands, compared to scenarios in developing countries.