gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-spectral Image Reconstruction Using Non-local Filtering (2021)

In many image processing tasks it occurs that pixels or blocks of pixels are missing or lost in only some channels. For example during defective transmissions of RGB images, it may happen that one or more blocks in one color channel are lost. Nearly all modern applications in image processing and transmission use at least three color channels, some of the applications employ even more bands, for example in the infrared and ultraviolet area of the light spectrum. Typically, only some pixels and blocks in a subset of color channels are distorted. Thus, other channels can be used to reconstruct the missing pixels, which is called spatio-spectral reconstruction. Current state-of-the-art methods purely rely on the local neighborhood, which works well for homogeneous regions. However, in high-frequency regions like edges or textures, these methods fail to properly model the relationship between color bands. Hence, this paper introduces non-local filtering for building a linear regression model that describes the inter-band relationship and is used to reconstruct the missing pixels. Our novel method is able to increase the PSNR on average by 2 dB and yields visually much more appealing images in high-frequency regions.
Unrolling Particles: Unsupervised Learning of Sampling Distributions (2022)

Particle filtering is used to compute nonlinear estimates of complex systems. It samples trajectories from a chosen distribution and computes the estimate as a weighted average of them. Easy-to-sample distributions often lead to degenerate samples where only one trajectory carries all the weight, negatively affecting the resulting performance of the estimate. While much research has been done on the design of appropriate sampling distributions that would lead to controlled degeneracy, in this paper our objective is to learn sampling distributions. Leveraging the framework of algorithm unrolling, we model the sampling distribution as a multivariate normal, and we use neural networks to learn both the mean and the covariance. We carry out unsupervised training of the model to minimize weight degeneracy, relying only on the observed measurements of the system. We show in simulations that the resulting particle filter yields good estimates in a wide range of scenarios.
Residual stress measurement of build-up layer in silicon wafers (2023)

Residual stress has been a big concern during the fabrication and assembly which may damage the electronic device or shorten the device's lifetime. Several methods have been developed to estimate residual stresses and are well-established. However, most of them have high costs or some limitations for the build-up material. A novel method is proposed in this study to analyze the residual stress induced in the build-up layer during fabrication and predict chip thermos-mechanical behavior with various sizes. Chips were first ground to different thickness and the warpage of different thickness chips at various temperatures was measured using Takaoka. A finite element analysis model was built. The residual stress can be obtained by correlating the warpage with experimental results and the effective modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of the build-up layer will also be carried out. This study provides insights into the commonly classified build-up layer information. This study can contribute to a better understanding of build-up layer information that is typically classified.
Synthesis of Rhenium(V) 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzylidyne Complexes by Abstracting "O2-" from an Acyl with Triflic Anhydride (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Rhenium(V) 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzylidyne Complexes by Abstracting "O2-" from an Acyl with Triflic AnhydrideDarryl S. Williams and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 5, 2101–2104Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00017a080https://doi.org/10.1021/om00017a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Resolution Photomask Phase Measurement Tool (2002)

We describe the application of a novel imaging technique to ultra-high spatial resolution measurements of photomask phase shift. An Actinix TMT-193 photomask transmission tool has been retrofitted with a breadboard Mach-Zehnder interferometer and ancillary signal detection electronics and software to demonstrate actinic phase shift measurement capability for ArF-generation photomasks. Using a simple proof-of-principle layout, we have successfully acquired high-contrast interference fringe data on ultra-high resolution (250 nm) photomask geometries. Minimum detectable feature sizes are limited only by the resolution of the imaging system. The measurement techniques are suited to both embedded-attenuator and alternating-aperture phase-shift masks, and may be directly applied to F2-generation mask tools. Engineering advances in the laser source will increase measurement precision to the 0.4&deg; level as called for in the 2001 ITRS. We discuss the tool architecture and measurement method, and present recent results of phase scans performed on a customer-supplied MoSi EAPSM.
General thermodynamic framework for understanding temperature-entropy diagram of batchwise operating thermodynamic cooling cycles (2001)

This article presents a general thermodynamic framework for the temperature-entropy (T-s) diagram of batchwise operating thermodynamic cooling cycles. Our approach is fully consistent with the rigor of classical thermodynamics and captures accurately characteristics of cyclic-steady-state performance of a batchwise operating cooling cycle. The Eulerian viewpoint is adopted to allow for a time invariant description of such a cycle on a T-s plane, and this results in the formation of close loops at all internal energy storage components and their connection(s).
Quantification of the geometric accuracy of MRI in tissue: a new approach using MRI itself (2005)

The authors have developed a new way to quantify the extent of the geometric distortion due to magnetic field inhomogeneities in MR images to subpixel accuracy and to test the effectiveness of any method used to correct this distortion. This method does not require an external standard such as CT nor does it require that the geometry of the imaging objects be known a priori. Therefore, it can be used to test the effectiveness of MR spatial distortion correction methods in tissue. The authors have shown that the geometric accuracy along the phase-encoding directions of MR images is uncorrupted. Thus measurements along the phase-encoding directions are used to quantify the accuracy of the measurements along the frequency encoding directions. The authors have quantified the distortion in a tissue phantom and found the largest error to be approximately 2.8 pixels (1.8 mm) for B/sub 0/=1.5 T, G=3.13 mT/m and FOV=160/spl times/160/spl times/70.7 mm/sup 3/. The authors also found that their previously published correction technique reduced the largest error to 0.3 pixels (/spl mu/=0.02 and /spl sigma/=0.07 pixels).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Implementation of an ATM layer chip for B-ISDN applications (2002)

The application and architecture of an experimental research prototype application specific integrated circuit designed to serve as a generic building block of the future broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) are described. The chip performs common asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) layer functions such as cell assembly and cell disassembly. A media access control (MAC) protocol developed for a broadband customer premises network is also integrated in the chip. The chip operation modes are controlled through a microcontroller interface. The chip interfaces to the B-ISDN through a SOET STS-3c Framer chip. The ATM layer chip has been designed using 1.2- mu m CMOS technology with a die area of 5.4 mm*5.4 mm and approximately 27000 transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
BIOMECHANICAL COMPARISON OF THE POPLITEO-FIBULAR RECONSTRUCTION AND POPLITEAL RECONSTRUCTION IN CORRECTING POSTEROLATERAL ROTATORY KNEE INSTABILITY (PLRI) (2002)

In this experiment we induced posterolateral knee instability to cadaveric knees in vitro. We observed the changes in these knees to posterior displacement (PD), varus-valgus (V-V) rotation, external rotation (ER) and coupled external rotation (CER) and compared the effect of reconstructing, the popliteo-fibular ligament and the popliteus muscle in correcting posterolateral rotatory instability.

Method: Fourteen intact freshly frozen cadaveric knees were damaged using a specially constructed jig that pivoted at two points simulating the hip and ankle joints while an anteromedial force was applied to the proximal tibia causing combined varus, and hyperextension. Eight of these knees were suitable for reconstruction and the modified Larson popliteo-fibular and the Muller popliteal reconstruction were tested on each knee. A hamstring graft was used for the popliteo-fibular Larson techniques and the biceps tendon for Muller technique. Pd and CER were measured at 0, 30, 60 and 90o, ER was measured at 0, 30 and 90o and Varus rotation measured at 0 and 20o. Measurements were recorded for intact, damaged and reconstructed knees.

Discussion: Both reconstructions repaired Pd at 0 flexion with no significant difference between intact and reconstructed states. However both failed to do so at 30o of flexion (P<0.05). Both significantly over constraint the knees at 90o of flexion (P<0.05). Varus displacement was significantly corrected by both procedures at 0o flexion, at 200 of flexion the popliteal reconstruction failed to significantly restore varus displacement while the P-F reconstruction significantly did so P<0.002. At 0,300 flexion ER & CER was significantly corrected by both reconstructions and over-constraint at 90o of flexion.

Conclusions: Both reconstructions failed to correct posterior displacement at 300 of flexion, this will manifest clinically in giving way in low angles of knee flexion e.g. negotiating staircases. Of clinical significance is the ability of the P-F reconstruction to correct varus rotation at low angles of flexion. Surprisingly there was no significant difference between both reconstructions in correcting external rotation and coupled external rotation. The popliteal reconstruction fails to correct both posterior displacement and varus rotation at low angles of flexion.
A Modular Multi-level Converter (M2LC) based on Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology (2012)

This paper proposes a new Modular Multi-level Converter (M2LC) topology, which is based on an Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology. The modified M2LC topology employs an IPT system to control the capacitor voltage of each module, thereby decoupling the capacitor voltage balancing control from the load current control. The IPT system maintains the capacitor voltages within a narrow band around a nominal value, simplifies the control algorithm and offers new advantages, such as operation at low output frequency, implementation of simple control schemes and reduced energy requirements over the existing topology. The concept is validated using simulations for a single-phase three-level M2LC and compared with the existing topology to demonstrate the performance improvements associated with the modified topology.
Additive manufacturing: perspectives for diode lasers (2015)

This paper gives an overview about Additive Manufacturing (AM) in general and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) in more detail. We discuss the economic potential of AM and show that it is directly correlated to the process efficiency of AM. We present different new machine concept in order to increase process efficiency. We present one new, diode laser based SLM machine concepts.
Supercritical Fluid in Polymer Science and Technology. I. Light Scattering Study of Poly (tert-butyl methacrylate)-block-Poly (1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate) in Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Towards the Reversible Control of Self-Assembly. (2001)

二酸化炭素に両親媒性のブロック腫合体であるポリメタクリル酸tert-ブチル-block-ポリ (メタクリル酸1, 1-ジヒドロパーフルオロオクチル) ジブロック共重合体 (P' BMA-block-PFOMA) の, 液体および超臨界二酸化炭素中でのミセル形成について光散乱解析を用いて検討を行った. 動的光散乱解析の結果, P' BMAセグメントの分子量が4000以上のプロック共重合体は, 超臨界二酸化炭素中で分子量分布の狭いミセルを形成することがわかった. 特に, 半径が13～21nmの範囲にあるミセルを形成するP' BMA-block-PFOMAは, CO2密度0.87～1.04g/cm3にミセルから単量体への転移をもつことが見いだされた. その転移は温度およびジブロック共重合体備成する両方のポリマー鎖長に依存した. 本研究は, CO2中におけるブロック共重合体のミセルから単量体への転移が, ジブロック共重合体のセグメント鎖長によって制御されることを初めて実証したものである. このことは, CO2の溶媒特性だけでなくジブロック共重合体のセグメント鎖長の選択によっても, 共重合体の自己組織化の制御が可能であることを示している.
System-on-chip implementation of embedded real-time simulator for modular multilevel converters (2017)

The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of an Embedded Real-Time Simulator (ERTS) for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), using low-cost System-on-Chip (SoC) platform. In order to achieve new functionalities such as sensor-less control, monitoring, diagnostic and fault detection, the MMC plant model can be implemented along with the controller. In MMC applications, the implementation of the RTS is particularly challenging due to the complex structure of the MMC and its stringent timing constraints, especially when the number of Sub-Modules (SMs) increases. In addition to the previous requirements, in case of ERTS, the hardware resources are also limited in order to keep low the cost of the entire controller. Moreover, the chosen device must also provide enough modulators for driving all the SMs and sufficient ADC interfaces for acquiring the capacitor voltages. For these reasons, a Xilinx Zynq SoC platform is adopted; this device provides two hard-processors along with the programmable gate array. In this work, the MMC plant model and the MMC controller are implemented in the two available microcontrollers, whereas, all the modulators and interfaces can be implemented in the programmable gate array. The achieved implementation is evaluated in terms of execution time and maximum allowable number of SMs. In order to validate the proposed implementation, HIL results for a single-phase MMC simulator are also provided.
Proceedings of the 3rd annual Acute Cardiac Unloading and REcovery (A-CURE) symposium (2019)

Welcome to
Targeting the FKBP51/GR/Hsp90 Complex to Identify Functionally Relevant Treatments for Depression and PTSD (2018)

Genetic and epigenetic alterations in FK506-binding protein 5 ( FKBP5) have been associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some of these common variants can increase the expression of FKBP5, the gene that encodes FKBP51. Excess FKBP51 promotes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation through altered glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that GR activity could be restored by perturbing FKBP51. Here, we screened 1280 pharmacologically active compounds and identified three compounds that rescued FKBP51-mediated suppression of GR activity without directly activating GR. One of the three compounds, benztropine mesylate, disrupted the association of FKBP51 with the GR/Hsp90 complex in vitro. Moreover, we show that removal of FKBP51 from this complex by benztropine restored GR localization in ex vivo brain slices and primary neurons from mice. In conclusion, we have identified a novel disruptor of the FKBP51/GR/Hsp90 complex. Targeting this complex may be a viable approach to developing treatments for disorders related to aberrant FKBP51 expression.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Chalcones at Room Temperature in the Presence of Potassium Phosphate. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aberrant DNA methylation of imprinted loci in hepatocellular carcinoma and after in vitro exposure to common risk factors (2015)

The methylation status of a large panel of imprinted genes was found deregulated in HCC, suggesting a major role of this mechanism during hepatocarcinogenesis. In vitro models support the hypothesis of imprinted gene methylation as a potential marker of environmental exposures.
Fabrication and Characterization of p-Type Thin-Film Transistors Using Sete Active Layer Deposited by Pulsed Laser Ablation (2022)

We fabricated p-type thin-film transistors(TFTs) using SeTe films deposited by pulsed laser ablation at room temperature. The TFTs were thermally annealed at different temperatures (150°C, 200°C, 250°C) under oxygen ambient. It was found that the thermal annealing can improve the crystallinity and induce the surface oxidation of the SeTe films. This gave rise to enhancement the performance of the TFTs. As the annealing temperature increases, the field-effect mobility and the on/off current ratio was increased and the off-state current was decreased. The 250°C-annealed TFT shows the best performance with a high filed effect mobility of 3.5cm 2 /Vs and a high on-off current ratio of 1X10 5 . We also successfully demonstrated a CMOS inverter with the p-SeTe and a n-ITZO TFT. The CMOS inverter exhibits a gain of ~12 at a transition voltage of ~0.8V under a supply voltage of 5V.
A Search for $B^+ \to \ell^+ \nu_ \ell $ Recoiling Against $B^ - \to D^ 0 \ell^ - \bar \nu X$ (2008)

We present a search for the decay B{sup +} {yields} {ell}{sup +} {nu}{sub {ell}} ({ell} = {tau}, {mu}, or e) in (458.9 {+-} 5.1) x 10{sup 6} {Upsilon}(4S) decays recorded with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-IIB-Factory. A sample of events with one reconstructed exclusive semi-leptonic B decay (B{sup -} {yields} D{sup 0} {ell}{sup -}{bar {nu}}X) is selected, and in the recoil a search for B{sup +} {yields} {ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}} signal is performed. The {tau} is identified in the following channels: {tau}{sup +} {yields} e{sup +}{nu}{sub e}{nu}{sub {tau}}, {tau}{sup +} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{nu}{sub {mu}}{nu}{sub {tau}}, {tau}{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{nu}{sub {tau}}, and {tau}{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}{nu}{sub {tau}}. The analysis strategy and the statistical procedure is set up for branching fraction extraction or upper limit determination. We determine from the dataset a preliminary measurement of {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {tau}{sup +}{nu}{sub {tau}}) = (1.8 {+-} 0.8 {+-} 0.1) x 10{sup -4}, which excludes zero at 2.4{sigma}, and f{sub B} = 230 {+-} 57 MeV. Combination with the hadronically tagged measurement yields {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} e{sup +}{nu}{sub e}) = (1.8 {+-} 0.6) x 10{sup -4}. We also set preliminary limits on the branching fractions at {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} e{sup +}{nu}{sub e}) &lt; 7.7 x 10{sup -6} (90% C.L.), {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{nu}{sub {mu}}) &lt; 11 x 10{sup -6} (90% C.L.), and {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {tau}{sup +}{nu}{sub {tau}}) &lt; 3.2 x 10{sup -4} (90% C.L.).
Excess dietary histidine decreases the liver copper level and serum alanine aminotransferase activity in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats (2003)

Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats spontaneously develop fulminant hepatitis, associated with excess Cu accumulation in the liver: thus, they are considered an animal model of Wilson's disease. In the present study, we investigated the ability of excess dietary histidine to reduce the excess accumulation of liver Cu in LEC rats by comparing them with Fischer rats. The results clearly showed that the excess-histidine diet markedly stimulated the Cu excretion in urine, and significantly decreased the liver Cu content in LEC rats by 47.5%. The serum Cu content in LEC rats was not influenced by excess dietary histidine. We also compared the effects of excess dietary histidine on some liver antioxidant enzyme activities, liver and serum lipid levels and serum alanine aminotransferase activity of LEC and Fischer rats. Dietary histidine decreased the activities of total and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in the liver of both strains. In LEC rats, the liver cholesterol content decreased, and serum cholesterol and phospholipids levels increased on feeding the excess-histidine diet. When fed on the basal diet, the serum alanine aminotransferase activity was higher in LEC rats than in Fischer rats, but a significant decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase activity of LEC rats was observed on feeding the excess-histidine diet. These results suggest that excess dietary histidine is effective in removing Cu ions from the liver of LEC rats. Thus, it may be of benefit in the prevention or treatment of liver injury in LEC rats and in patients with Wilson's disease.
Evolutionary Optimization of Directed Self-Assembly of Triblock Copolymers on Chemically Patterned Substrates (2014)

Directed self-assembly of block copolymers on chemical patterns is of considerable interest for sublithographic patterning. The concept of pattern interpolation, in which a subset of features patterned on a substrate is multiplied through the inherent morphology of an ordered block copolymer, has enabled fabrication of extremely small, defect-free features over large areas. One of the central challenges in design of pattern interpolation strategies is that of identifying system characteristics leading to ideal, defect-free directed assembly. In this work we demonstrate how a coarse-grained many-body model of block copolymers, coupled to an evolutionary computation (EC) strategy, can be used to design and optimize substrate-copolymer combinations for use in lithographic patterning. The proposed approach is shown to be significantly more effective than traditional algorithms based on random searches, and its results are validated in the context of recent experimental observations. The coupled simulation-evolution method introduced here provides a general and efficient method for potential design of complex device-oriented structures.
Metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes in adults with epilepsy on modified Atkins diet (2023)

Short-term MAD was associated with metabolic differences in plasma and resected epilepsy brain tissue when compared to control participants, in combination with trending expression changes observed in hippocampal NADH-related signaling pathways. Future studies should evaluate how brain molecular mechanisms are altered with long-term MAD in a larger cohort of epilepsy patients, with correlations to seizure frequency, epilepsy syndrome, and other clinical variables. [Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02565966.].