gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Minimax Classification Approach to HMM-Based Online Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Robust Against Affine Distortions (2007)

We present a minimax classification approach to online recognition of isolated handwritten Chinese characters, which is robust against global affine distortions of an input handwriting sample. According to the nature of features used in our continuous-density hidden Markov model (CDHMM) based handwriting recognizer, four types of affine transformations with different degrees of freedom are proposed to serve as a possible distortion model. The corresponding formulations are derived and presented for minimax classification rule. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an experimental study on the Nakayosi and Kuchibue Japanese character databases.
Preconcentration of Cardiac Proteins in a Microfluidic Device (2009)

Preconcentration of cardiac proteins was demonstrated using isotachophoresis (ITP) on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microchip. PMMA microchip was formed using solvent imprinting and temperature-assisted solvent bonding. ITP experiments were performed on two types of microchip: one containing straight microchannel and the other one with 10X step reducing microchannel. In ITP experiments, Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) was used as leading electrolyte, while Aminocaproic Acid (EACA) was used as terminating electrolyte. Three fluorescent proteins, cTnI Labeled w/ Pacific Blue, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and R-Phycoerythrin (PE), were allowed to separate and concentrate in presence of a constant electric field. Microchip ITP experiments show that the sample proteins were concentrated and stacked into adjacent zones. The final concentration of protein zones were calculated from the microchannel dimensions and initial volume of proteins. In straight microchannel, the concentration factors for PE, GFP, and cTnI proteins were 80, 40, and 30, respectively. The concentration factors were 10 fold higher in the step reducing microchannel.
Problem Statement for bootstrapping Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) (2006)

A mobile node needs at least the following information: a home
address, a home agent address, and a security association with home
agent to register with the home agent. The process of obtaining this
information is called bootstrapping. This document discusses issues
involved with how the mobile node can be bootstrapped for Mobile IPv6
(MIPv6) and various potential deployment scenarios for mobile node
bootstrapping. This memo provides information for the Internet
community.
Proteomic Analysis of Pol II Preinitiation Complexes: The Roles of Mediator and SAGA (2013)

An important property of RNA polymerase II preinitiation complexes (PIC) is their ability to coordinate transcription initiation with chromatin modification and remodeling. We employed multidimensional protein identification technology (MuDPIT) to study the composition and assembly of PICs in HeLa and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell nuclear extracts. Strikingly, most of the machinery necessary for transcription initiation on chromatin is part of the PIC. The PIC is nearly identical between ES and HeLa cells, and contains two major co‐activator complexes, Mediator and SAGA. Genomewide analysis of Mediator reveals a close correlation with Pol II, TBP and mRNA levels implying a major role in PIC assembly. Mechanistic analysis of the two co‐activators showed that they play distinct roles in PIC function. Mediator coordinates assembly of the Pol II initiation factors and chromatin machinery into a PIC, while SAGA acts after PIC assembly to allow transcription on chromatin. MuDPIT analysis of Mediator isolated from native chromatin, under conditions where the transcriptional machinery remains intact, suggests that PICs assembled in vitro and in vivo are similar.
Syk, c-Src, the αvβ3 integrin, and ITAM immunoreceptors, in concert, regulate osteoclastic bone resorption (2007)

I n this study, we establish that the tyrosine kinase Syk is essential for osteoclast function in vitro and in vivo.Syk -/-osteoclasts fail to organize their cytoskeleton, and, as such, their bone-resorptive capacity is arrested.This defect results in increased skeletal mass in Syk -/- embryos and dampened basal and stimulated bone resorption in chimeric mice whose osteoclasts lack the kinase.The skeletal impact of Syk defi ciency refl ects diminished activity of the mature osteoclast and not impaired differentiation.Syk regulates bone resorption by its inclusion with the αvβ3 integrin and c-Src in a signaling complex, which is generated only when αvβ3 is activated.Upon integrin occupancy, c-Src phosphorylates Syk.αvβ3-induced phosphorylation of Syk and the latter's capa city to associate with c-Src is mediated by the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) proteins Dap12 and FcRγ.Thus, in conjunction with ITAM-bearing proteins, Syk, c-Src, and αvβ3 represent an essential signaling complex in the bone-resorbing osteoclast, and, therefore, each is a candidate therapeutic target.
All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by Enantioselective Cu‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions Promoted by a Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (2007)

Not macht erfinderisch: Wenn die verfügbaren Katalysatoren es nicht schaffen, muss ein neuer her – zum Beispiel mit einem chiralen N-heterocyclischen Carben (NHC). Dieser Ligand wurde in der ersten katalytischen asymmetrischen konjugierten Addition von Alkyl- und Arylzinkreagentien an γ-Ketoester eingesetzt.
Linking live and replay scenes in broadcasted sports video (2000)

Content based video organization requires to understand semantical relationships such as identity and similarity between video segments. In particular, it is of great interest to identify scenes of the same event which may differ in their appearances. For broadcasted sports video, such scenes correspond to live and replay scenes that appear at different temporal positions. In this paper, we propose a method of linking up live and replay scenes by focusing on the domain knowledge about producing TV programs of sports: most of the replay scenes are sandwiched in between specific digital video effects. The replay scenes are linked with live scenes when the game is in play based on salient image features. We clarify the effectiveness of our method through fundamental experiments for American football games.
Surface Microstructuring of Glasses by Laser-Induced Backside Wet Etching (2012)

We reviewed a one-step method to fabricate a microstructure on a silica glass plate using laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE), which is one media-assisted laser processing method based on liquid laser ablation with a conventional pulsed laser at UV or visible wavelength. Well-defined deep microtrenches without cracks and chipping formations on the glass plate were fabricated by LIBWE. The system allows us to use rapid prototyping of high precision surface microfabrication of the glass and other transparent materials as laser direct-write processing in conventional atmospheric environments.
Polysaccharides from European Black Elderberry Extract Enhance Dendritic Cell Mediated T Cell Immune Responses (2022)

European black elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) is a popular way to treat common colds or influenza infections. Mechanistically, this might be due to a direct antiviral effect or a stimulatory effect on the immune system of the host. Here, we evaluated the modulatory effects of black elderberry derived water extract (EC15) and its polysaccharide enriched fractions (CPS, BOUND, and UNBOUND) in comparison to a conventional alcoholic extract (EE25), regarding the phenotypical and functional properties of dendritic cells (DCs), which are essential cells to induce potent T cell responses. Interestingly, the water extract and its polysaccharide fractions potently induced DC maturation, while the ethanol extract did not. Moreover, the capacity to stimulate T cells by these matured DCs, as assessed using MLR assays, was statistically higher when induced by the water extracted fractions, compared to immature DCs. On the other hand, the ethanol extract EE25 did not induce T cell stimulation. Finally, the cytokine expression profiles of these DC-T cell cocultures were assessed and correlated well with increased T cell stimulation. Also, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ was highly increased in the presence of the elderberry water extract EC15, and the polysaccharide enriched CPS, BOUND, and UNBOUND fractions, but not by EE25. Thus, from these data, we conclude that the polysaccharides present in water-derived elderberry fractions induce potent immune-modulatory effects, which represents the basis for a strong immune-mediated response to viruses including influenza.
Supporting mode changes while providing hardware isolation in mixed-criticality multicore systems (2017)

When hosting real-time applications on multicore platforms, interference from shared hardware resources can significantly increase task execution times. Most proposed approaches for lessening interference rely on mechanisms for providing hardware isolation to tasks. However, one limitation of most prior work on such mechanisms is that only static task systems have been considered that never change at runtime. In reality, safety-critical applications often transition among different functional modes, each defined by a distinct set of running tasks. In a given mode, only tasks from that mode execute, yet tasks from all modes consume memory space, and this creates additional constraints affecting hardware-isolation techniques. This paper shows how to address such constraints in the context of an existing real-time resource-allocation framework called MC2 (<u>m</u>ixed-<u>c</u>riticality on <u>m</u>ulti<u>c</u>ore). In MC2, hardware-isolation techniques are employed in conjunction with criticality-aware task-provisioning assumptions that enable hardware resources to be utilized more efficiently.
Nexus: Self-organising Agent-based Peer-to-Peer Middleware for Battlespace Support (2008)

The problem facing the security and defence communities is the volume, complexity and timeliness of information. In particular the ability to locate and access the right ICT service at the right time is crucial to achieving real-time responsiveness and situational awareness. The Nexus system is a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) agent-based middleware that creates a fully distributed and highly resilient Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The combination of a structured P2P overlay network and autonomous service discovery, delivers a powerful capability to support real-time operations in either security or defence applications. This paper outlines the overall architecture of the Nexus system and its application in a defence scenario with a detailed review of the service selection algorithm utilised, termed Mercury. Mercury provides an autonomous, efficient and distributed service selection framework and collaborative algorithms for SOA construction and real-time adaptation.
Combined Function of Brønsted and Lewis Acidity in the Zeolite‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose in Alcohols (2016)

Abstract Glucose conversion via fructose to useful chemicals and fuels has attracted considerable attention. Isomerization of glucose to fructose can proceed along several different reaction pathways involving different sugar intermediates and isomeric forms. Presently, the roles of the substrate isomeric forms and of the catalyst properties remain incompletely understood. By using NMR spectroscopy, we elucidate the interplay of the catalyst active sites in converting monosaccharide forms to products, byproducts, and intermediates in alcohols.
A 256 kb nonvolatile ferroelectric memory at 3 V and 100 ns (2002)

One of the most important features for ferroelectric material is fast write at low voltage. This feature is used in a 256 kb nonvolatile memory that operates at 3 V power supply with a read/write time of 100 ns. Active current is 3 mA at 200 ns cycle time at 3 V for battery operation. The cell consists of 1 transistor and 1 capacitor per bit (1T1C) permitting a high level of integration. For low-voltage low-power operation, use is made of a preset reference-cell circuit, wordline boost circuits with a ferroelectric boosting capacitor and a divided-cell plate circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Markov-Chain Modeling for Multicast Signaling (2003)

Feedback signaling plays a key role in flow control because the traffic source relies on the signaling information to make correct and timely flow-control decisions. However, it is difficult to design an efficient signaling algorithm since a signaling message can tolerate neither error nor latency. Multicast flow-control signaling imposes two additional challenges: scalability and feedback synchronization. Previous research on multicast sig- naling has mainly focused on the development of algorithms without ana- lyzing their delay performance. To remedy this deficiency, we have previ- ously developed a binary-tree model (1) and an independent-marking statis- tical model (2) for multicast-signaling delay analysis. This paper considers a general scenario where the congestion markings at different links are de- pendent — a more accurate but complex case. Specifically, we develop a Markov-chain model defined by the link-marking state on each path in the multicast tree. The Markov chain can not only capture link-marking de- pendencies, but also yield a tractable analytical model. We also develop a Markov-chain dependency-degree model to evaluate all possible Markov- chain dependency degrees without any prior knowledge of it. Using the above two models, we derive the general probability distributions of each path becoming the multicast-tree bottleneck. Also derived are the first and second moments of multicast signaling delays. The proposed Markov chain is also shown to asymptotically reach an equilibrium, and its limiting dis- tribution converges to the marginal link-marking probabilities when the Markov chain is irreducible. Applying the two models, we analyze and contrast the delay scalability of two representative multicast signaling pro- tocols: Soft-Synchronization Protocol (SSP) (1-3) and Hop-By-Hop (HBH) algorithms (4-6).
Removing instability and maximizing throughput in a multicast shuffle-exchange network (2002)

Multicast capability can be incorporated into any interconnection network by using a general packet replication scheme. The network can then be used for both packet replication and routing processes. Unfortunately, such a multicast network can easily evolve to saturation due to instability. Once the network is saturated, the throughput drops to zero. The operation of the multicast network must therefore be carefully controlled to avoid the unstable region. Not well-thought-out control schemes, however, may result in a small throughput and inefficient utilization of the network. This paper investigates the stability issue in the multicast shuffle-exchange network in detail. Several schemes are then proposed to remove network instability. Our study indicates that a dynamic access control scheme can potentially achieve high network throughput even under nonuniform traffic conditions.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies: Achievement and Potential (1992)

The concept of monoclonal antibodies evoked great excitement when first described, but usefulness has been limited by their murine origin and consequent immunogenicity. Human monoclonal antibodies which would obviate xenotypic responses-can now be produced. Clinical implications-including use against HIV-are discussed.
DOP059 Reduction of fecal calprotectin levels and relationship to clinical parameters in the phase 2 study of laquinimod for the treatment of active moderate to severe Crohn's disease (2014)

DOP059 Reduction of fecal calprotectin levels and relationship to clinical parameters in the phase 2 study of laquinimod for the treatment of active moderate to severe Crohn’s disease G. D’Haens1 *, W.J. Sandborn2, P. Rutgeerts3, J.F. Colombel4, K. Brown5, A. Haviv6, H. Barkay7, A. Sakov7, B. Feagan8. 1University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2University of California, UCSD Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, San Diego CA, United States, 3Catholic University of Leuven, Department of Internal Medicine and Endoscopy, Leuven, Belgium, 4Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Gastroenterology, New York, United States, 5Teva Pharmaceuticals, Clinical Development Research and Development, Frazer, United States, 6Chiasma Pharm, Formerly of Teva Pharmaceuticals, Jerusalem, Israel, 7Teva Pharmaceuticals, Biostatistics Research and Development, Netanya, Israel, 8University of Western Ontario, Robarts Clinical Trials Robarts Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
Design and implementation of a less invasive gastrostimulator (2016)

Gastrointestinal stimulator implants have recently shown positive results in helping obese patients lose weight. However, to place the implant, the patient currently needs to undergo an invasive surgical procedure. Our team is aiming for a less invasive procedure to stimulate the stomach with a gastrostimulator. Attempts covered fully endoscopic implantation and, more recently, we have focussed on a single incision laparoscopic procedure. Whatever the chosen implantation solution, the electronic design of the implant system shares many challenges. This paper covers the work achieved to meet these.
Pulse control and pulse jitter stabilization in Cr:ZnSe-passively Q-switched Ho:YAG lasers (2014)

We report on experimental investigation of various methods for pulse control and pulse jitter stabilization in Cr:ZnSe passively Q-switched Ho:YAG lasers. We explore methods of synchronous pump power modulation and application of dual passive/active Q-switch. Pulse jitter <;0.1% and precise pulse control of PQS Ho:YAG laser has been achieved.
Kinetics of cortisol, interleukin-2 and interleukin-3-like activity levels following surgical intervention. (1993)

Cortisol, interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-3-like activity (IL-3-LA) levels were examined in two groups of patients before and after surgery. One group consisting of 11 patients underwent cholecystectomy; the other comprising 17 patients with malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract underwent a removal of the tumor. In both groups there were similar fluctuations in cortisol levels after surgery, i.e. a statistically significant increase at day 2 after operation with a decrease to normal values at day 14. The levels of IL-2 and IL-3-LA production in the two groups followed a different pattern. In patients with cholecystectomy the IL-2 and IL-3-LA levels showed a marked decrease at day 2 with a gradual increase on the following days. In cancer patients IL-2 was at its lowest level before surgery and started to increase gradually till day 14 after surgery. The lowest level of IL-3-LA was at day 2 after surgery and it increased gradually from day 7 to 14. It is suggested that the fluctuations of these two cytokines after surgery are related to the levels of corticosteroids which have been shown to inhibit the production of IL-2 and IL-3-LA in vitro. The observed increase of cortisol level with a concomitant decrease of IL-2 and IL-3-LA after surgery may further explain the immunosuppression observed after operation.
A novel matrix converter based bi-directional IPT power interface for V2G applications (2010)

Bidirectional and contactless power delivery to electric vehicles (EVs) or vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications can be realized through Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology but essentially requires a two-stage power conversion process. This paper proposes a novel matrix converter based IPT interface that requires only a single-stage power conversion process to facilitate bi-directional and contactless power transfer between EVs and the grid. A mathematical model, which predicts the behavior of the proposed system, is presented to show that both power flow and direction can be controlled through either relative phase angle or magnitude modulation of voltages produced by converters. Viability of the proposed concept is verified through simulations, and without an additional power conversion stage, the proposed matrix converter based IPT power interface is low in cost, and ideal for wireless charging and discharging of single or multiple EVs or V2G applications.
Fusion energy with lasers, direct drive targets, and dry wall chambers (2003)

A coordinated, focused effort is underway to develop Laser Inertial Fusion Energy. The key components are developed in concert with one another and the science and engineering issues are addressed concurrently. Recent advances include: target designs have been evaluated that show it could be possible to achieve the high gains (>100) needed for a practical fusion system.These designs feature a low-density CH foam that is wicked with solid DT and over-coated with a thin high-Z layer. These results have been verified with three independent one-dimensional codes, and are now being evaluated with two- and three-dimensional codes. Two types of lasers are under development: Krypton Fluoride (KrF) gas lasers and Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers (DPSSL). Both have recently achieved repetitive 'first light', and both have made progress in meeting the fusion energy requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. This paper also presents the advances in development of chamber operating windows (target survival plus no wall erosion), final optics (aluminium at grazing incidence has high reflectivity and exceeds the required laser damage threshold), target fabrication (demonstration of smooth DT ice layers grown over foams, batch production of foam shells, and appropriate high-Z overcoats), and target injection (new facility for target injection and tracking studies).
Regulatory Roles of B Cells in Allergy and Inflammation (2011)

B cells freely circulate throughout the body, particularly to sites of inflammation and infection in which they are activated by exogenous antigens, T helper cells, or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) leading to antigen-specific antibody-forming cells. In some cases, B cells regulate the allergic and inflammatory response by producing allergen-specific antibodies in immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgM subclasses. Intriguingly, two types of B-cell subsets, initiator B and regulatory B cells, have been postulated to play a role in contact hypersensitivity; however, the role of each of these subsets remains elusive. The IgE antibody plays a central role in allergic immune responses and is essential for host defense against pathogens in mucosal tissues. Serum levels of IgE are very low in healthy individuals, but elevated levels of IgE are observed in patients with allergic diseases. Reducing IgE concentrations dampens allergic responses, such as those observed in asthma, anaphylaxis, and hyper-IgE disorder. B cells are key players in all aspects of adaptive immune responses and are responsible for IgE antibodies. There are at least four different obligatory events for IgE production by B cells, namely cognate interaction of antigen-specific B cells with antigen-specific type II T helper (Th2) cells, B-cell division and differentiation in the germinal center, IgE class-switch recombination, and differentiation of activated B cells into memory B cells and IgE-secreting plasma cells. The engineering of antibodies that can modulate the immune system and inflammation is an emerging field. For therapeutic ends such as prevention from allergy, monoclonal antibodies against IgE, cytokines and their receptors, or immunoregulatory molecules have been engineered to neutralize IgE and block cytokine and co-stimulatory signals. In this section, we will discuss the regulatory roles of B cells in allergy and the immune system.