gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-agent reinforcement learning model of common-pool resource appropriation (2017)

Humanity faces numerous problems of common-pool resource appropriation. This class of multi-agent social dilemma includes the problems of ensuring sustainable use of fresh water, common fisheries, grazing pastures, and irrigation systems. Abstract models of common-pool resource appropriation based on non-cooperative game theory predict that self-interested agents will generally fail to find socially positive equilibria---a phenomenon called the tragedy of the commons. However, in reality, human societies are sometimes able to discover and implement stable cooperative solutions. Decades of behavioral game theory research have sought to uncover aspects of human behavior that make this possible. Most of that work was based on laboratory experiments where participants only make a single choice: how much to appropriate. Recognizing the importance of spatial and temporal resource dynamics, a recent trend has been toward experiments in more complex real-time video game-like environments. However, standard methods of non-cooperative game theory can no longer be used to generate predictions for this case. Here we show that deep reinforcement learning can be used instead. To that end, we study the emergent behavior of groups of independently learning agents in a partially observed Markov game modeling common-pool resource appropriation. Our experiments highlight the importance of trial-and-error learning in common-pool resource appropriation and shed light on the relationship between exclusion, sustainability, and inequality.
Development of Spot Friction Welding (2006)

Spot friction welding (SFW) is a cost-effective spot joining technology for aluminum sheets, capable of delivering better quality compared with resistance spot welding (RSW). In this study, this technology is applied to the joining of steel and aluminum together. The fusion welding between steel and aluminum is known to be difficult for sufficient strength due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. SFW is a solid state, low temperature joining process using friction heat, so that it's possible to prevent the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the joints between steel and aluminum. Tensile shear test was conducted and the joint state was investigated by optical microscope and EPMA. Any remaining coating at the joint interface not removed by the plastic flow will prevent a good contact of the fresh surfaces of aluminum and steel. As a consequence, the joint strength decreases due to the difficulty of removing galvanized coatings with high solidus temperature. In addition, investigation result of steel SFW is also introduced.
(Invited) Mixed Protonic-Electronic Membrane Reactors; Converting Hydrocarbon Resources and CO2 to Fuels (2019)

Membrane reactor technology holds the promise to circumvent thermodynamic equilibrium limitations by in-situ removal of product species, resulting in improved chemical yields. Recent advances in mixed-conducting oxide-membrane technology present the possibility for a dramatic reduction in the cost of converting petroleum, coal and biomass derived feed stocks to hydrogen and other “value added” hydrocarbons. We have developed novel membrane reactor technology, based on high temperature proton conductors, that can convert a wide range of hydrocarbons to pure H 2 , and syngas for synthesis of liquid fuels and chemical feed stocks. By simultaneous H 2 permeation and catalysis, we have demonstrated the ability to increase water gas shift yields &gt;70% over thermodynamic limitations. Similarly, we have demonstrated increases in steam reforming yields, and the ability to reform CH 4 with CO 2 . More recently we have developed single-step gas to liquid reactors that convert natural gas to C 2+ products with high yields and no unwanted oxidation byproducts. The direct utilization of CH 4 and CO 2 to simultaneously produce C 2+ hydrocarbons (C 2 and aromatics) and syngas (CO and H 2 ) on opposite sides of a mixed protonic-electronic conducting SrCe 0.7 Zr 0.2 Eu 0.1 O 3-δ membrane reactor is demonstrated. On one side (interior) of the membrane reactor, direct non-oxidative methane conversion (DNMC) over an iron/silica catalyst produces C 2+ hydrocarbons and H 2 . On the other side (outer surface) of the membrane, permeated H 2 (driving the DNMC reaction) reacts with a CO 2 sweep gas to form CO and water via the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. This novel single H 2 -permeable membrane reactor simultaneously addresses both reduction of greenhouse gas (CO 2 and CH 4 ) emissions as well as production of value-added hydrocarbon products (C 2+ , CO, and H 2 ) with in situ gas separation.
Lipoplexes Carrying mRNA Encoding Gag Protein Modulate Dendritic Cells to Stimulate HIV-Specific Immune Responses (2012)

Aim: Cationic lipids (Lipofectamine™ [Invitrogen, Merelbeke, Belgium] and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) and polymers (jetPEI™ and in vivo-jetPEI™ [Polyplus-transfection, Illkirch, France]) were evaluated for their potential to deliver mRNA to monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Materials & methods: Lipoplexes and polyplexes, containing mRNA encoding GFP or Gag protein, were incubated with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and transfection efficiencies were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: Lipofectamine was by far the most efficient in mRNA delivery, therefore it was used in further experiments. Incubation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells isolated from HIV-1-positive donors with mRNA encoding Gag protein complexed to Lipofectamine resulted in 50% transfection. Importantly, coculture of these Gag-transfected dendritic cells with autologous T cells induced an over tenfold expansion of IFN-γ- and IL-2-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: Cationic lipid-mediated mRNA delivery may be a useful tool for therapeutic vaccination against HIV-1. This approach can be applied to develop vaccination strategies for other infectious diseases and cancer. Original submitted 26 January 2012; Revised submitted 17 April 2012; Published online 14 August 2012
Surface plasmon resonance imaging of the conversion of clustered DNA lesions into double strand breaks by Fpg protein (2015)

Ionizing radiations induce clustered damage sites known to be severely challenging for the cell's repair machinery. In the present study, we have grafted on a biochip four synthetic oligonucleotide duplexes containing either a single 8-oxoguanine, a single 2'-deoxyribose abasic site or two different clustered damages containing these two lesions on opposite strands. Using a SPR imaging-based DNA array, we qualitatively observed the hierarchy of lesion processing by the base excision repair (BER) enzyme Fpg (Formamidopyrimidine (fapy)-DNA glycosylase). We could notably show that Fpg can convert a cluster of lesions into a potentially lethal double strand break (DSB) and demonstrate that SPR imaging is suitable to investigate the incision steps occurring during the repair process.
Two new members in the quaternary Cs–Ag–As–S family with different arrangements of Ag–S and As–S asymmetric building units: syntheses, structures, and theoretical studies (2020)

New functional materials of As-based multinary chalcogenidometalates have received special attention due to their different oxidation states and flexible building blocks. In this work, two new quaternary thioarsenates(iii), namely Cs2Ag2As2S5 (I) and Cs3AgAs4S8 (II), have been obtained by a simple surfactant-thermal technique. Their structures were determined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction; compound I belongs to the triclinic space group P1[combining macron] (no. 2) [a = 7.49(2) Å, b = 9.30(2) Å, c = 9.94(2) Å, α = 63.28(3)°, β = 82.11(3)°, γ = 87.78(3)°, V = 612.4(2) Å3 and Z = 2], whereas compound II crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (no. 12) [a = 27.76(6) Å, b = 6.98(2) Å, c = 19.68(4) Å, β = 109.85(3)°, V = 3586.7(2) Å3 and Z = 8]. Both structures are shown to feature two-dimensional (2D) layers with different arrangements of Ag-S and As-S asymmetric building units (ABUs). In compound I, the layer is constructed from vertex-sharing dimeric [As2S5] units linked by tetrameric [Ag4S8] moieties. The layered structure in compound II is formed by 21 helical chains based on [As4S9] groups which are further interconnected by tetrahedral [AgS4] chains. The analysis of the quaternary X-Ag-As-S (X = cations) system shows that various combination ways of Ag-S and As-S ABUs in these sulfides can be attributed to the cation-cation repulsion and stereochemically active lone-pair effect. The UV-vis/NIR absorption spectrum indicates that the optical band energy (Eg) of compounds I and II is 2.48 eV and 2.24 eV, respectively. Moreover, theoretical calculations indicate that the As-S and Ag-S bonding states determine the optical properties of the title compounds. This work not only enriches the structural chemistry of thioarsenates, but also opens up a new avenue for exploring novel multinary chalcogenidometalates.
Genetic Variants in ARHGEF6 Cause Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract in Humans, Mice, and Frogs (2022)

Deleterious variants in ARHGEF6 may cause dysregulation of integrin-parvin-RAC1/CDC42 signaling, thereby leading to X-linked CAKUT.
Interactive interface to optimize sound source localization based on microphone array with coarse-to-fine tuning for humanoids (2015)

This study describes the design and development of an interactive interface to optimize sound source localization (SSL) based on a microphone array with the multi-channel robot audition software program, HARK. Using this interface, users can optimize the parameters of SSL with coarse-to-fine tuning. That is, users can roughly optimize the system (coarse tuning) and subsequently tune parameters in detail (fine tuning). Experimentally, our proposed interface showed better visibility and flexibility in optimizing SSL parameters than the current HARK interface.
Purification and Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase Obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 on Bacterial Cellulose and its Protective Effect against Oxidative Damage in Fibroblasts (2023)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an essential enzyme that eliminates harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating inside living cells. Due to its efficacities, SOD is widely applied in many applications. In this study, the purification of SOD produced from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> TBRC657 was conducted to obtain the purified SOD that exhibited specific activity of 513.74 U/mg with a purification factor of 10.36-fold. The inhibitory test revealed that the purified SOD was classified as Mn-SOD with an estimated molecular weight of 25 kDa on SDS-PAGE. After investigating the biochemical characterization, the purified SOD exhibited optimal activity under conditions of pH 7.0 and 35 °C, which are suitable for various applications. The stability test showed that the purified SOD rapidly decreased in activity under high temperatures. To overcome this, SOD was successfully immobilized on bacterial cellulose (BC), resulting in enhanced stability under those conditions. The immobilized SOD was investigated for its ability to eliminate ROS in fibroblasts. The results indicated that the immobilized SOD released and retained its function to regulate the ROS level inside the cells. Thus, the immobilized SOD on BC could be a promising candidate for application in many industries that require antioxidant functionality under operating conditions.
Stoffwechsel (1982)

Erhöhte Konzentrationen von Low density-Lipoproteinen (LDL) im Blut erhöhen das Risiko, eine koronare Herzkrankheit zu erwerben [1]. Diese klinischen Probleme haben zu Anstrengungen geführt, den Metabolismus der LDL und seine Rolle in der Regulation der Cholesterinbiosynthese besser zu verstehen. So gelang kürzlich der Nachweis, daß die Cholesterinbiosynthese in extrahepatischen menschlichen Zellen vor allem durch Cholesterin reguliert wird, das als LDL von der Zelle aus dem Plasma aufgenommen worden ist [2].
Immune Exhaustion and Transplantation (2016)

Exhaustion of lymphocyte function through chronic exposure to a high load of foreign antigen is well established for chronic viral infection and antitumor immunity and has been found to be associated with a distinct molecular program and characteristic cell surface phenotype. Although exhaustion has most commonly been studied in the context of CD8 viral responses, recent studies indicate that chronic antigen exposure may affect B cells, NK cells and CD4 T cells in a parallel manner. Limited information is available regarding the extent of lymphocyte exhaustion development in the transplant setting and its impact on anti-graft alloreactivity. By analogy to the persistence of a foreign virus, the large mass of alloantigen presented by an allograft in chronic residence could provide an ideal setting for exhausting donor-reactive T cells. The extent of T cell exhaustion occurring with various allografts, the kinetics of its development, whether exhaustion is influenced positively or negatively by different immunosuppressants, and the impact of exhaustion on graft survival and tolerance development remains a fertile area for investigation. Harnessing or encouraging the natural processes of exhaustion may provide a novel means to promote graft survival and transplantation tolerance.
The effects of catechol on the urinary bladder of rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. (1985)

The effect of catechol on the development of urinary bladder tumors in Fischer rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) was studied. A solution of 0.05% catechol and 0.001% BBN was administered in the drinking water ad libitum for 78 weeks. The urinary bladders were then removed and examined microscopically. No statistically significant difference was observed between the experimental group receiving 0.001% BBN with 0.05% catechol and animals receiving 0.001% BBN alone with respect to the incidence of hyperplasia, papilloma, or carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Animals receiving 0.05% catechol alone in the drinking water had no macroscopic or microscopic lesions significantly different from those in control animals receiving tap water. Analyses of the urine of animals receiving catechol in their drinking water indicated that greater than 99% of the catechol present was in the form of either glucuronide or sulfate conjugates. In a second bioassay, the potential cocarcinogenicity of catechol, administered together with BBN, was explored by direct instillation into the urinary bladder. The development of calculi and possible infections of the urinary tract within all groups of treated animals suggests that this bioassay technique for cocarcinogenicity is of questionable value. These data show that catechol at the dose and mode of administration employed in this study did not affect the epithelium of the urinary bladder or enhance the carcinogenic activity of BBN.
Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov., moderately halophilic, a new member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from beach morning glory (2020)

Strain KSNA2<sup>T</sup>, a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from the surface-sterilized stem tissue of a beach morning glory (Cafystegia soldanella) plant in Chuja Island, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that strain KSNA2<sup>T</sup> formed a distinct lineage within the family Enterobacteriaceae, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Izhakiella australiensis KCTC 72143 (96.2%) and Izhakiella capsodis KCTC 72142<sup>T</sup> (96.0%), exhibited 95.5-95.9% similarity to other genera in the family Enterobacter-iaceae and Erwiniaceae. Conserved signature indels analysis elucidated that strain KSNA2<sup>T</sup> was delimited into family Enterobacteriaceae. KSNA2 genome comprises a circular chromosome of 5,182,800 bp with 56.1% G + C content Digital DNA-DNA relatedness levels between strain KSNA2<sup>T</sup> and 18 closely related species were 19.3 to 21.1%. Average nucleotide identity values were between 72.0 and 76.7%. Growth of strain KSNA2<sup>T</sup> was observed at 4 to 45°C (optimum, 25°C) and pH 5.0 to 12.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) in the presence of 0 to 11% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-7%). The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C<sub>16</sub>:o followed by summed feature 8 (C<sub>18</sub>ω7c and/or C<sub>18</sub>ω6c), summed feature 3 (C<sub>16:1</sub> ω7c and/or C<sub>16:1</sub> ω6c), C<sub>17:0</sub>cyclo, and C<sub>14:0</sub>. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). With combined phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxo-nomic features, strain KSNA2<sup>T</sup> represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae, for which the name Jejubacter calystegiae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KSNA2<sup>T</sup> (= KCTC 72234<sup>T</sup> = CCTCC AB 2019098<sup>T</sup>).
Abstract 5056: A glimpse into the somatic mutation landscape of melanoma through exome sequencing of 121 tumor-normal pairs (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer of melanocytic origin characterized by high metastatic potential and mutation rate. Affording a survey of the wide breadth of genomic lesions found in melanoma, we present here an analysis of the somatic mutations discovered in the sequenced exomes of 121 melanoma tumor-normal pairs. We identify frequent genomic alterations both in genes previously implicated in melanoma (BRAF, NRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN) as well as in several genes whose role in melanoma tumorigenesis has not yet been established and thus are of particular interest. To do so we implement a novel method to increase the identification of genes that are significantly recurrently mutated in melanoma in the setting of its exceptionally high mutation rate. A preponderance of C&amp;gt;T transitions (∼85%) in the observed mutational profile reflects a history of DNA damage due to UV radiation, though the majority of somatic mutations in known melanoma genes are not C&amp;gt;T events. Our study broadens understanding of the genomic lesions involved in melanoma tumorigenesis, and we expect our analysis approach to inform future genomic studies of cancer lineages with similarly high mutation rates. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5056. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5056
Growth kinetics of (100), (110), and (111) homoepitaxial diamond films (1992)

We present the first investigation of the growth kinetics of diamond films grown homoepitaxially by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition on (100), (110), and (111) natural diamond substrates. Growth rates on the various faces exhibited different functional dependencies on CH4 flow rate, being linear on (100), slightly sublinear on (110), and sigmoidal on (111). The temperature dependence of the growth rate was also crystal-face-dependent, yielding effective activation energies of 8±3, 18±2, and 12±4 kcal/mol for [100], [110], and [111] growth, respectively, at substrate temperatures between 735 and 970 °C. The apparent activation energies were considerably larger at substrate temperatures between 675 and 735 °C. We propose that these crystal face and temperature effects are due principally to differences and changes in the nanometer-scale morphology and surface hydrogen coverage with methane concentration and surface temperature.
Secondary Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Is It a Fate? (2019)

The malignant transformation of conventional giant cell tumor of bone (GCTOB) is rare and usually occurs with irradiation. Here we report two neglected cases of conventional GCTOB with spontaneous malignant transformation at 11 and 16 years after initial diagnosis. In the former case, the patient refused to receive any treatment following the incisional biopsy, and in the latter, the first recurrence that occurred 5 years after initial treatment, was neglected. Although rare, the occurrence of sarcomatous changes in these cases indicates that secondary malignant transformation may be part of the natural course of this tumor. In addition, in both cases, immunohistochemistry showed diffuse and strong p53 expression in the malignant tumor but not in the primary lesion. It suggests that p53 overexpression may play a key role in the malignant transformation of GCTOB and that investigating for p53 expression in recurred lesions may help in predicting cases of giant cell tumor, prone to malignant transformation.
Direct deposition of magnetic dots using a scanning tunneling microscope (1990)

A scanning tunneling microscope has been used to directly deposit nanometer-scale structures into the input coil of a planar dc superconducting quantum interference device microsusceptometer. Iron pentacarbonyl was used as the source gas for the deposits, yielding dots with diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm and heights from 30 to 100 nm. Measurements on the particles at low temperatures show them to be magnetic and reveal macroscopic spin properties.
Thermal Management in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2006)

A slider thermal characterization system is described. A model for the dissipation of heat applied to the air-bearing surface of a hard disk drive slider is introduced. The model's predictions are compared to the measured results from the characterization system. A modification to the model is shown to compensate for the experimental difference and indicates that thermal loads on a slider can be managed by a combination of physical separation and increased thermal conductivity in the regions where thermal loads occur
TiCl4/t‐BuNH2‐Promoted Hydroamination/Annulation of δ‐Keto‐acetylenes: Synthesis of Novel Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indol‐2‐carbaldehydes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Trusted Healthcare Data Analytics Cloud Platform (2018)

This paper presents a cloud-based system for health care applications. Our system has advanced features for preserving privacy which are essential for health care applications that deal with confidential data. We describe some of the bioinformatics applications which our system is designed for. Performance is significantly enhanced by caching, and enhanced clients for performing part of the computations are a key component of our system. Cloud, due to its pay-as-you-go pricing and API based deployment model, has become widely used for delivering and maintaining infrastructure technology for businesses. However, there are significant challenges with using the cloud for applications with strict privacy and compliance requirements; health care applications fall in this domain. This paper describes an architecture and solutions for handling these types of applications.
Monte Carlo simulation of Gunn domain dynamics in power GaAs MESFETs with a recessed gate structure (2002)

An ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of Gunn domain dynamics in submicron-gate power GaAs MESFETs with a recessed gate structure is described. Time evolution of the two-dimensional particle distribution reveals three different domain motions, i.e. full-traveling, half-traveling, and stationary domains, depending on the geometrical parameters and bias conditions. The increase in recess width towards drain direction can effectively reduce the maximum electric field in the domain, resulting in suppression of Gunn oscillation while maintaining identical drain current values. An introduction of a surface n/sup +/ region is also proved to be effective in suppressing Gunn oscillation. Based on the simulation results, a criterion determining whether the domain becomes traveling or stationary is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>