gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological evaluation of iodine‐125 iodocaramiphen. A potential M1 muscarinic imaging agent for SPECT (1994)

Abstract Iodocaramiphen ( 2 ) is a selective muscarinic antagonist which binds in vitro with high affinity and selectivity to the M 1 subtype of the muscarinic receptor. We report the synthesis of iodine‐125 labeled iodocaramiphen ([ 125 I]‐ 2 ) via a tributylstannyl intermediate ( 3 ) in 50% radiochemical yield with a specific activity greater than 1000 mCi/μmol. Biodistribution studies in female Fischer rats demonstrated that [ 125 I]‐ 2 had significant cerebral localization (0.7% injected dose/gram) at 60 minutes post injection. The uptake of activity washed out rapidly from the brain, however, and did not demonstrate specific uptake in those cerebral regions rich in muscarinic receptors. In addition, preinjection with (±)‐QNB (5 mg/kg) blocked uptake of approximately 25% of the injected radiolabel in the brain at 2 hours. The non‐selectivity of 2 toward muscarinic receptors in vivo may result from the metabolism of 2 by various esterases or the affinity of 2 for sigma sites in the brain.
Acetazolamide and High Altitude Diseases (1992)

Acetazolamide is a useful prophylactic for acute mountain sickness causing marked reduction in headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, etc. Improvements correlate with increased arterial oxygen concentrations, reduction in proteinuria and peripheral oedema and other objective measures of acute mountain sickness. Evidence that Acetazolamide is beneficial for pulmonary oedema or cerebral oedema is scanty because of the lower frequency of these severe forms of mountain sickness. Dexamethasone, used prophylactically, also reduces the symptoms of acute mountain sickness partly due to its euphoric effect. Use of Acetazolamide as a treatment for established acute mountain sickness has been investigated. Large doses of Acetazolamide increase arterial oxygen levels over a few hours and this leads to a reduction of symptoms but data is limited and faster acting carbonic anhydrides inhibitors such as Methazolamide may be preferable in an emergency situation. There is no comparison of the effectiveness of Acetazolamide with other drugs used for treating acute mountain sickness such as steroids and calcium channel blocking drugs. Also, there is no data on drug combinations which could have additive effects and thereby be more beneficial than individual drugs.
Welding trajectory reconstruction based on the Intelligent Space concept (2008)

Superflexible robot programming reduces the profitable batch sizes of industrial robots. The paper presents a new way to determine the trajectory for welding robots based on the Intelligent Space concept. The system uses two cameras and edge detection with other image processing algorithms to find the welding path in the image. The three dimensional trajectory is obtained by stereo vision; afterwards it is transformed to the actual robot language.
Cytokine regulation in diseases (PP-090) (2010)

Agaricus blazei: Murill used for treatment tissue inflammation in alternative medicine was selected for immunopharmacologica1 activity test. The effects of 4-Hydroxy-17-methylincisterol (4-HM; C 21 H 33 O 3 ; M.W. 333) isolated from A. blazei on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation were determined by tritiated thymidine uptake. The results showed that 4-HM suppressed PBMC proliferation stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) with an IC 50 3.16 mM. Cell cycle analysis indicated that 4-HM arrested the cell cycle progression of activated PBMC from the G1 transition to the S phase. In an attempt to localize the point in the cell cycle where arrest occurred, a set of key regulatory events including gene expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-g (IFN-g) and cyclins, activation of NF-AT, NF-kB, and Ca 2+ mobilization was examined. 4-HM suppressed, in activated PBMC, the production and mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-g in a dose-dependent manner. Levels of cyclin protein in activated PBMC were reduced by 4-HM. The data indicated that 4-HM blocked NF-kB and NF-AT translocation in PBMC activated with PHA. The Ca 2+ mobilization in PHA treated PBMC was decreased by 4-HM. Thus, the suppressant effects of 4-HM on proliferation of PBMC activated by PHA appeared to be mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of Ca 2+ mobilization, NF-AT, and NF-kB activation, early transcripts of PBMC, especially those of important cytokines, IL-2, IFN-g, and cyclins, and arresting cell cycle progression in the cells. We predict that 4-HM may be an immunomodulator.
Unsupervised algorithms for distributed estimation over adaptive networks (2012)

This work shows how to develop distributed versions of block blind estimation techniques that have been proposed before for batch processing. Using diffusion adaptation techniques, data are accumulated at the nodes to form estimates of the auto-correlation matrices and to carry out local SVD and/or Cholesky decomposition steps. Local estimates at neighborhoods are then aggregated to provide online streaming estimates of the parameters of interest. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the algorithms.
Synthetic DNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibody Delivery of Anti–CTLA-4 Antibodies Induces Tumor Shrinkage In Vivo (2018)

Antibody-based immune therapies targeting the T-cell checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1 have affected cancer therapy. However, this immune therapy requires complex manufacturing and frequent dosing, limiting the global use of this treatment. Here, we focused on the development of a DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (DMAb) approach for delivery of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies <i>in vivo</i> With this technology, engineered and formulated DMAb plasmids encoding IgG inserts were directly injected into muscle and delivered intracellularly by electroporation, leading to <i>in vivo</i> expression and secretion of the encoded IgG. DMAb expression from a single dose can continue for several months without the need for repeated administration. Delivery of an optimized DMAb encoding anti-mouse CTLA-4 IgG resulted in high serum levels of the antibody as well as tumor regression in Sa1N and CT26 tumor models. DNA-delivery of the anti-human CTLA-4 antibodies ipilimumab and tremelimumab in mice achieved potent peak levels of approximately 85 and 58 μg/mL, respectively. These DMAb exhibited prolonged expression, with maintenance of serum levels at or above 15 μg/mL for over a year. Anti-human CTLA-4 DMAbs produced <i>in vivo</i> bound to human CTLA-4 protein expressed on stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced T-cell activation in a functional assay <i>ex vivo</i> In summary, direct <i>in vivo</i> expression of DMAb encoding checkpoint inhibitors serves as a novel tool for immunotherapy that could significantly improve availability and provide broader access to such therapies.<b>Significance:</b> DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies represent a novel technology for delivery and expression of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies, thus expanding patient access to, and possible clinical applications of, these therapies. <i>Cancer Res; 78(22); 6363-70. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Method to Create Multiple Collocated Hydraulic Fractures Using a Temporary Localized Change in Stress Anisotropy Produced During an Initial Stimulation Treatment (2015)

Abstract During a hydraulic fracturing stimulation treatment, transient geomechanics forces are exerted on the formation which modify the stress landscape near the wellbore and fracture planes. In regions where the horizontal stress anisotropy is less than 25%, there is a possibility for a temporary reversal in the minimum stress direction. During this brief window, a secondary hydraulic fracture can be created in a completely different direction, thus providing direct connectivity to previously unattainable locations in the formation. This paper presents a computational validation of the multioriented hydraulic fracturing (MOHF) process. As traditional hydraulic fracture simulations are derived using static formation properties and steady-state assumptions of the formation behavior, a unique transient 3D computational geomechanic fracture simulator was developed to perform this study. The new model incorporates cohesive zone elements to represent the fracture plane, and captures the dynamics of the fracture initiation and propagation, as well as the transient stress modification in the formation. A realistic 3D fracture transient behavior is accounted for by the inclusion of multiple rock layers in the model, which are connected through energy absorbing frictional elements. The simulations provide time sensitive operational recommendations for performing the MOHF stimulation to achieve maximum production increase from the well. Time lapse stress fields show vivid windows of opportunity where new fractures can be influenced to extend in alternate directions, hence offering formation drainage not attainable using conventional stimulation approaches. Production levels of twice to five times were predicted using reliable production simulators. This new stimulation method enhances the state-of-the-art in hydraulic fracturing by requiring an understanding of the transient geomechanic response in the treatment area. As a time dependent method, this approach opens a new window of opportunity—both in conventional and unconventional plays—by providing connectivity to previously unattainable locations in the formation. Unfortunately, it also brings new complications. Industry standard fracture simulation technology becomes incomplete, as most models neglect the transient response of the system. Additionally, the availability of data related to the dynamic behavior of rocks is limited. The dynamic compression of the rock, slip characteristics between rock layers, and the amount of energy stored within slip planes—all recorded as a function of time—are particularly important when considering an MOHF process. Additional testing must be performed to obtain these data.
Lithography hotspot candidate detection using coherence map (2019)

Lithography hotspot detection and correction in the layout design phase is important to suppress manufacturing yield loss. Although machine learning based hotspot detection methods are considered as effective solutions over conventional lithography simulation, it is still difficult to apply them to practical layout design tasks because of a trade-off between detection accuracy and false alarms. In this paper, we propose a fast, accurate and reliable method to detect lithography hotspot candidates based on coherence map. Experimental results show that our method outperforms typical machine learning based hotspot detection models on industrial benchmark.
Comparison of ThinPrep Integrated Imager-Assisted Screening versus Manual Screening of ThinPrep Liquid-Based Cytology Specimens (2020)

The Imager arm was confirmed to have an equivalent and non-inferior capacity in the detection of cervical lesions compared with the Manual arm, suggesting that its practical application in cervical cytology tests is highly possible.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Emerging Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2009)

Multipotent cells that can give rise to bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and skeletal and cardiac muscle are termed mesenchymal stem cells. These cells were first identified in the bone marrow, distinct from blood-forming stem cells. Based on the embryologic derivation, availability, and various pro-regenerative characteristics, research exploring their use in cell therapy shows great promise for patients with degenerative muscle diseases and a number of other conditions. In this review, the authors explore the potential for mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the emerging field of regenerative medicine with a focus on treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Effect of Expanded Graphite Lattice in Exfoliated Graphite Nanofibers on Hydrogen Storage (2005)

A graphite exfoliation technique, using intercalation of a concentrated sulfuric/nitric acid mixture followed by a thermal shock, has successfully exfoliated a herringbone graphite nanofiber (GNF). The exfoliated GNF retains the overall nanosized dimensions of the original GNF, with the exfoliation temperature determining the degree of induced defects, lattice expansion, and resulting microstructure. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicated that the fibers treated at an intermediate temperature of 700 degrees C for 2 min had dislocations in the graphitic structure and a 4% increase in graphitic lattice spacing to 3.5 A. The fibers treated at 1000 degrees C for 36 h were expanded along the fiber axis, with regular intervals of graphitic and amorphous regions ranging from 0.5 to >50 nm in width. The surface area of the starting material was increased from 47 m(2)/g to 67 m(2)/g for the 700- degrees C treatment and to 555 m(2)/g for the 1000- degrees C treatment. Hydrogen uptake measurements at 20 bar indicate that the overall hydrogen uptake and operative adsorption temperature are sensitive to the structural variations and graphitic spacing. The increased surface area after the 1000- degrees C treatment led to a 1.2% hydrogen uptake at 77 K and 20 bar, a 3-fold increase in hydrogen physisorption of the starting material. The uptake of the 700- degrees C-treated material had a 0.29% uptake at 300 K and 20 bar; although low, this was a 14-fold uptake over the starting material and higher than other commonly used pretreatment methods that were tested in parallel. These results suggest that selective exfoliation of a nanofiber is a means by which to control the relative binding energy of the hydrogen interaction with the carbon structure and thus vary the operative adsorption temperature.
Time-resolved spectroscopy of intramolecular energy transfer in a rigid spiran (1984)

The kinetics of intramolecular energy transfer has been studied in the rigid spiran, spiro[9,10-dihydro-9-oxoanthracene-10,2′-5′,6′-benzindan], using picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. The rate constant for triplet–triplet energy transfer from the donor (anthrone) to the acceptor (naphthalene) chromophore is found to be ∼3×1010 s−1. Low temperature microwave-induced delayed phosphorescence measurements on the spiran show that triplet–triplet energy transfer from the anthrone populates the sublevels of the naphthalene acceptor state randomly, rather than the Tz (z=long axis) sublevel selectively. The latter prediction arises from the known sublevel selectivity for intersystem crossing in anthrone and the geometrical arrangement of the chromophores in the rigid spiran. The randomness of the triplet–triplet energy transfer process is consistent with the rate constant for energy transfer which limits the donor lifetime to a value below the spin precession period in the donor triplet state. The results are discussed in terms of the Dexter theory for triplet–triplet energy transfer.
Cholesky factors based wavelet transform domain LMF algorithm (2006)

This paper presents a new wavelet transform domain least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm. The algorithm exploits the special sparse structure of the wavelet transform of wide classes of correlation matrices and their Cholesky factors in order to compute a whitening transformation of the input data in the wavelet domain and minimize computational complexity. This method explicitly computes a sparse estimate of the wavelet domain correlation matrix of the input process. It then computes the Cholesky factor of that matrix and uses its inverse to whiten the input. The proposed algorithm has faster convergence rate than that of wavelet transform domain least mean square (LMS) algorithm.
Effects of intraperitoneal 4% icodextrin solution on the healing of bowel anastomoses and laparotomy incisions in rabbits (2003)

The use of a 4% icodextrin solution for peri-operative lavage and postoperative instillation in a rabbit model of bowel anastomotic healing did not result in any difference from either LRS treated or untreated surgical controls.
A laser flash photolysis study of di-, tri- and tetrafluorinated phenylnitrenes; implications for photoaffinity labeling (1993)

Several fluorinated aryl azides (2,6 and 2,4-difluorophenyl azide, 2,4,6-triflurorophenyl azide, and methyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate) were studied by laser flash photolysis techniques. In each case, the azides from singlet nitrenes which can be intercepted with pyridine to form ylides. This allowed determination of the rate constant for ring expansion of the singlet nitrene to the dehydroazepine and measurement of the absolute rate constants for reaction of the singlet nitrenes with typical quenchers.
A multi tone modeling for seismic data compression (2019)

This work develops a multi tone modeling for seismic data compression. First, seismic traces are described as multitone decaying sinusoidal waves superposition. Each sinusoidal wave is regarded as a model component and is represented by a set of distinct parameters. Secondly, a novel parameter estimation algorithm for this model is proposed accordingly. In this algorithm, the parameters are estimated for each component sequentially. A suitable number of model components is determined by the level of the residuals energy. The proposed model-based compression scheme outperforms the Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) both analytically and experimentally in terms of compression ratio, reconstruction quality and convergence rate. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 9:20 AM Presentation Time: 11:00 AM Location: Poster Station 11 Presentation Type: Poster
Perivascular endothelial cells increase positive remodeling by down regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 in porcine arteriovenous grafts (2007)

Vascular access dysfunction is a major problem in hemodialysis patients. Arteriovenous (AV) grafts have a patency rate of only 50% at 1 year. Vein maturation is an important factor in the success of an AV graft, the vein must remodel to accommodate arterial blood flow and pressure. We examined the role of perivascular endothelial implants in venous remodeling and stenosis. The data presented here provides insight into the mechanism of the implants and AV graft failure. End-to-side carotid artery-jugular vein AV grafts were created in swine and the anastomoses wrapped with Gelfoam® matrices containing porcine endothelial cells (PAE, n = 10) or control matrices without cells (n = 10). The biological response was investigated at 3 days and 1-month post-operatively. PAE implants significantly increased venous lumen gain. The treated veins increased in diameter from 1.04 ± 0.09 at day 0 to 2.9 ± 0.56 at 1-month, P<0.05, while control veins remained unchanged from 1.28 ± 0.13 at day 0 to 1.29 ± 0.35 at 1-month (Fig. 1). The implants also reduced the percent stenosis by 81%, P<0.05. These data correlated with a significant reduction in MMP-2 expression (Fig. 2), adventitial fibrosis and neovascularization in treated veins compared to control, P<0.05. This study suggests that PAE implants significantly increased venous lumen diameter and reduced stenosis at 1-month in porcine AV grafts. Funding provided by Pervasis Therapeutics.
Towards a Re-Definition of ‘Cardiac Hypertrophy’ Through a Rational Characterization of Left Ventricular Phenotypes: A Position Paper of the Working Group ‘Myocardial Function’ of the ESC (2011)

Many primary or secondary diseases of the myocardium are accompanied with complex remodelling of the cardiac tissue that results in increased heart mass, often identified as cardiac 'hypertrophy'. Although there have been numerous attempts at defining such 'hypertrophy', the present paper delineates the reasons as to why current definitions of cardiac hypertrophy remain unsatisfying. Based on a brief review of the underlying pathophysiology and tissue and cellular events driving myocardial remodelling with or without changes in heart dimensions, as well as current techniques to detect such changes, we propose to restrict the use of the currently popular term 'hypertrophy' to cardiac myocytes that may or may not accompany the more complex tissue rearrangements leading to changes in shape or size of the ventricles, more broadly referred to as 'remodelling'. We also discuss the great potential of genetically modified (mouse) models as tools to define the molecular pathways leading to the different forms of left ventricle remodelling. Finally, we present an algorithm for the stepwise assessment of myocardial phenotypes applicable to animal models using well-established imaging techniques and propose a list of parameters most suited for a critical evaluation of such pathophysiological phenomena in mouse models. We believe that this effort is the first step towards a much auspicated unification of the terminology between the experimental and the clinical cardiologists.
High-Throughput Ground Cover Classification of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) for the Estimation of Persistence in Pasture Breeding (2020)

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important forage grass species in temperate regions of Australia and New Zealand. However, it can have poor persistence due to a low tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. A major challenge in measuring persistence in pasture breeding is that the assessment of pasture survival depends on ranking populations based on manual ground cover estimation. Ground cover measurements may include senescent and living tissues and can be measured as percentages or fractional units. The amount of senescent pasture present in a sward may indicate changes in plant growth, development, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The existing tools to estimate perennial ryegrass ground cover are not sensitive enough to discriminate senescent ryegrass from soil. This study aimed to develop a more precise sensor-based phenomic method to discriminate senescent pasture from soil. Ground-based RGB images, airborne multispectral images, ground-based hyperspectral data, and ground truth samples were taken from 54 perennial ryegrass plots three years after sowing. Software packages and machine learning scripts were used to develop a pipeline for high-throughput data extraction from sensor-based platforms. Estimates from the high-throughput pipeline were positively correlated with the ground truth data (p &lt; 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the RGB-based high-throughput approach offers a precision tool to assess perennial ryegrass persistence in pasture breeding programs. Improvements in the spatial resolution of hyperspectral and multispectral techniques would then be used for persistence estimation in mixed swards and other monocultures.
High-performance radio frequency transistors based on diameter-separated semiconducting carbon nanotubes (2016)

In this paper, we report the high-performance radio-frequency transistors based on the single-walled semiconducting carbon nanotubes with a refined average diameter of ∼1.6 nm. These diameter-separated carbon nanotube transistors show excellent transconductance of 55 μS/μm and desirable drain current saturation with an output resistance of ∼100 KΩ μm. An exceptional radio-frequency performance is also achieved with current gain and power gain cut-off frequencies of 23 GHz and 20 GHz (extrinsic) and 65 GHz and 35 GHz (intrinsic), respectively. These radio-frequency metrics are among the highest reported for the carbon nanotube thin-film transistors. This study provides demonstration of radio frequency transistors based on carbon nanotubes with tailored diameter distributions, which will guide the future application of carbon nanotubes in radio-frequency electronics.