gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain Injury in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Multidisciplinary Approach (2021)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents an established technique to provide temporary cardiac and/or pulmonary support. ECMO, in veno-venous, veno-arterial or in extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal modality, is associated with a high rate of brain injuries. These complications have been reported in 7 to 15% of adults and 20% of neonates, and are associated with poor survival. Thromboembolic events, loss of cerebral autoregulation, alteration of the blood-brain barrier, and hemorrhage related to anticoagulation represent the main causes of severe brain injury during ECMO. The most frequent forms of acute neurological injuries in ECMO patients are intracranial hemorrhage (2-21%), ischemic stroke (2-10%), seizures (2-6%), and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury; brain death may also occur in this population. Other frequent complications are infarction (1-8%) and cerebral edema (2-10%), as well as neuropsychological and psychiatric sequelae, including posttraumatic stress disorder.
Actuators with Integrated High-Precision for External-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers (1996)

We present an actuated silicon-micromachined mi- cromirror with continuous and highly accurate position adjust- ment designed to be used in the construction of external-cavity semiconductor-laser modules. In our initial design, a positioning accuracy better than k0.2 pm for the actuated micromirrors is obtained. The mechanical robustness, small size, and fine- positional precision of the actuated micromirrors are sufficient for external-cavity-laser applications. In production, the cost of these miniature external-cavity-laser systems should be low because they are batch-processed.
Efficient human-in-loop deep learning model training with iterative refinement and statistical result validation (2023)

Annotation and labeling of images are some of the biggest challenges in applying deep learning to medical data. Current processes are time and cost-intensive and, therefore, a limiting factor for the wide adoption of the technology. Additionally validating that measured performance improvements are significant is important to select the best model. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for creating segmentations, a necessary part of a data cleaning for ultrasound imaging machine learning pipelines. We propose a four-step method to leverage automatically generated training data and fast human visual checks to improve model accuracy while keeping the time/effort and cost low. We also showcase running experiments multiple times to allow the usage of statistical analysis. Poor quality automated ground truth data and quick visual inspections efficiently train an initial base model, which is refined using a small set of more expensive human-generated ground truth data. The method is demonstrated on a cardiac ultrasound segmentation task, removing background data, including static PHI. Significance is shown by running the experiments multiple times and using the student's t-test on the performance distributions. The initial segmentation accuracy of a simple thresholding algorithm of 92% was improved to 98%. The performance of models trained on complicated algorithms can be matched or beaten by pre-training with the poorer performing algorithms and a small quantity of high-quality data. The introduction of statistic significance analysis for deep learning models helps to validate the performance improvements measured. The method offers a cost-effective and fast approach to achieving high-accuracy models while minimizing the cost and effort of acquiring high-quality training data.
Highly Sensitive and Quick Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction Biomarkers Using In2O3 Nanoribbon Biosensors Fabricated Using Shadow Masks (2016)

We demonstrate a scalable and facile lithography-free method for fabricating highly uniform and sensitive In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoribbon biosensor arrays. Fabrication with shadow masks as the patterning method instead of conventional lithography provides low-cost, time-efficient, and high-throughput In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoribbon biosensors without photoresist contamination. Combined with electronic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for signal amplification, the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoribbon biosensor arrays are optimized for early, quick, and quantitative detection of cardiac biomarkers in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are commonly associated with heart attack and heart failure and have been selected as the target biomarkers here. Our approach can detect label-free biomarkers for concentrations down to 1 pg/mL (cTnI), 0.1 ng/mL (CK-MB), and 10 pg/mL (BNP), all of which are much lower than clinically relevant cutoff concentrations. The sample collection to result time is only 45 min, and we have further demonstrated the reusability of the sensors. With the demonstrated sensitivity, quick turnaround time, and reusability, the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoribbon biosensors have shown great potential toward clinical tests for early and quick diagnosis of AMI.
Appendix: Additional Simulation Results (2007)

This appendix contains sections titled: Delay Scheduler Max-CQI Scheduler Proportional-Fair Scheduler Round-Robin Scheduler
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Almorexant in Japanese and Caucasian Healthy Male Subjects (2011)

The pharmacokinetics and tolerability profiles of almorexant in Japanese and Caucasian healthy male subjects are similar. No dose adjustments for clinical studies with almorexant in Japanese subjects appear to be needed.
Lewis Acid-Activated Reactions of Silyl Ketenes for the Preparation of α-Silyl Carbonyl Compounds (2019)

Silyl-substituted ketenes are attractive molecular building blocks due to their stability and ease of storage, as opposed to unstable alkyl and aryl ketenes. To better understand the reactivity of silyl ketenes and, in turn, their use in the preparation of highly functionalized small molecules, the reaction of silyl ketenes with different nucleophiles was studied. The addition of alcohol, amine, or thiol nucleophiles to the central carbon of silyl ketene, followed by proton transfer afforded α-silyl ester, amide, or thio-ester, respectively. Catalytic amounts of Lewis acid greatly increase the rate of the reaction, and the impact of nucleophile, Lewis acid, and silyl substituent are evaluated. The small molecules produced from these reactions give insight into the use of silyl ketenes as building blocks for complex molecular structures.
An in situ modal-based method for structural dynamic joint parameter identification (2000)

The present paper proposes an in situ modal parameter-based method for determining the dynamic joint characteristics of mechanical systems. The proposed method uses the mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the structure, calculated by the finite element method (FEM), along with measured eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the actual system. While the modal parameters at the joint must be known in order to identify the structural joint dynamic characteristics, it is often impossible to measure the response of the system directly at the joint location. To overcome this problem and eliminate the errors associated with using measurements close to the joints, an alternative indirect estimation scheme is used to determine the complete set of eigenvectors, and thus the eigenvector component corresponding to the joint location is extracted. Therefore, the proposed method allows in situ joint parameter identification. The efficiency of this method is validated by simulations with different mechanical systems, and the robustness is also demonstrated with errors introduced into the estimated eigenvectors. Finally, the method is implemented for experimental identification of the joint parameters of an actual spindle system.
Oral, intranasal, and intravenous abuse potential of serdexmethylphenidate, a novel prodrug of d-methylphenidate (2022)

These findings indicate that the novel d-MPH prodrug, SDX, has lower abuse potential than d-MPH and support its classification as a C-IV controlled substance.
Durable CRISPR-Based Epigenetic Silencing (2021)

Development of CRISPR-based epigenome editing tools is important for the study and engineering of biological behavior. Here, we describe the design of a reporter system for quantifying the ability of CRISPR epigenome editors to produce a stable gene repression. We characterize the dynamics of durable gene silencing and reactivation, as well as the induced epigenetic changes of this system. We report the creation of single-protein CRISPR constructs bearing combinations of three epigenetic editing domains, termed KAL, that can stably repress the gene expression. This system should allow for the development of novel epigenome editing tools which will be useful in a wide array of biological research and engineering applications.
Space-Based Global Weather Monitoring System: FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Constellation and Its Follow-On Mission (2009)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
CYP450 phenotyping and accurate mass identification of metabolites of the 8-aminoquinoline, anti-malarial drug primaquine (2012)

As a result of this work, CYP 2D6 and MAO-A have been implicated as the key enzymes associated with PQ metabolism, and metabolites previously identified as potentially playing a role in efficacy and haemolytic toxicity have been attributed to production via CYP 2D6 mediated pathways.
Stochastic Homogenisation of Fluid Flows in Heterogeneous Porous Media (2006)

We present here a general methodology for using homogenisation technique, based on a stochastically stationary description of heterogeneities in porous media, to provide an overall pressure drop/flow rate relation valid at scales larger than those of the correlation lengths for heterogeneity. A dual formulation arises depending on whether flow rate or pressure gradient are treated as the independent variable. The homogenisation technique combines perturbation of the local variables with stochastic linearisation of the fluctuation equations. Closure problems are solved by means of spectral Stieltjes-Fourier decomposition under the statistical stationarity assumption. We then require the dual formulation to be consistent in form. The methodology is illustrated on generalized Newtonian single phase flow.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of pyrimidine and quinazoline derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepine as potential anticancer agents (2019)

A new series of Pyrimidine (A, D and F) and quinazoline (B, C and E) analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines were prepared via its nitrile-derived amidoximes in and nitrilium ions, respectively using one pot Domino reaction with DMAD in presence of DABCO catalyst and benzanilide in presence of Tf2O and 2-chloropyridine. The prepared molecules were examined for their biological property namely apoptotic and antiproliferative effects through cell cycle arrest using breast cancer cell line of human (MCF-7). Receptor-ligand interactions were studied on human epidermal evolution factor receptor (HER-2) with the help of molecular docking using Autodock 4.2.6 molecular modeling software. All the compounds demonstrated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation in a concentration dependent fashion (20–100 μg/mL). Notably, compound C exhibited highest inhibitory activity and caused inhibition of S and G2 phase in cell cycle arrest via caspase dependent apoptotic pathway in MCF-7 cells lines.
Biomaterials‐Directed In Vivo Commitment of Mesenchymal Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2007)

Spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) leads to a heterogeneous population of differentiated and undifferentiated cells. This heterogeneous population limits the potential use of hESCs for cell‐based therapies and studies of specific differentiation programs. Here, we describe an efficient derivation and characterization of mesenchymal‐precursor cells having multilineage differentiation potential into fat, cartilage, and bone in vitro, and their in vivo commitment to osteogenic lineage via endochondral and intramembraneous ossification. The process of endochondral ossification was verified by cartilaginous tissue formation followed by blood vessel recruitment and calcification in poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLGA/PLLA) polymer scaffolds. In addition, direct bone tissue formation via intramembraneous ossification was induced in the hydroxyapatite (HA) containing PLGA/PLLA composite scaffolds. In view of the limited available cell sources for cartilage and bone regeneration applications, our results show promise of ESCs as ultimate cell source for cell‐based musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. Moreover, our results indicate that the ossification mechanisms of these cells can be regulated by the scaffold mediated microenvironments.
Phase-locked 1.3 &#x00B5;m VCSEL arrays based on patterned tunnel junction (2009)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) are already used in many applications thanks to their unique device characteristics, particularly compact size, low power consumption, accurate wavelength setting, circular beams and on-wafer testing. The main disadvantage of VCSELs as compared to edge emitting lasers is the relatively low single mode output power (a few milliwatts) limited by their small active area. To overcome this limitation, phase-locked arrays of short wavelength (≪ 1 µm) VCSELs have been investigated using different fabrication approaches [1]. Here, we report the fabrication and lasing characteristics of phase-locked 1300 nm wavelength VCSEL arrays made using double wafer fusion.
Mechanism of nanostructure movement under an electron beam and its application in patterning (2011)

In electron microscopy, the motion of the sample features due to the interaction with the electron beam has been traditionally regarded as a detrimental effect. Uncontrolled feature displacement produces artifacts both in imaging and patterning, limiting the resolution and distorting precise nanoscale patterns. The mechanism of such motion remains largely unclear. We present an experimental study of e-beam-induced nanopost movement and offer a mechanistic theoretical model that quantitatively explains the physical phenomenon. We propose that e-beam bombardment produces an uneven distribution of electrons in the sample, and the resulting electrostatic interactions provide forces and torques sufficient to bend the nanoposts. We compare the theoretical predictions with a series of controlled experiments that support our model. We take advantage of this theoretical understanding to demonstrate how this generally undesirable effect can be turned into an unconventional e-beam writing technique to generate pseudo-three-dimensional structures.
Understanding the optimization of sub-45nm FinFET devices for ESD applications (2007)

ESD performance of advanced FinFETs shows a delicate sensitivity to device layout and to processing. Thermal issues are experimentally correlated to gate length, fin width, electrical operation mode and are investigated by TCAD simulation. S/D implant conditions, silicide blocking, and selective epitaxial growth are studied. Reasonable ESD performance is demonstrated while margins between success and failure seem to be very narrow.
The use ofLactobacillus plantarumesterase genes: a biotechnological strategy to increase the bioavailability of dietary phenolic compounds in lactic acid bacteria (2021)

In <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> the metabolism of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives follows a similar two-step pathway, an esterase action followed by a decarboxylation. The <i>L. plantarum</i> esterase genes involved in these reactions have been cloned into pNZ8048 or pT1NX plasmids and transformed into technologically relevant lactic acid bacteria. None of the strains assayed can hydrolyse methyl gallate, a hydroxybenzoic ester. The presence of the <i>L. plantarum</i> tannase encoding genes (<i>tanA<sub>Lp</sub></i> or <i>tanB<sub>Lp</sub></i>) on these bacteria conferred their detectable esterase (tannase) activity. Similarly, on hydroxycinnamic compounds, esterase activity for the hydrolysis of ferulic acid was acquired by lactic acid bacteria when <i>L. plantarum</i> esterase (JDM1_1092) was present. This study showed that the heterologous expression of <i>L. plantarum</i> esterase genes involved in the metabolism of phenolic acids allowed the production of healthy compounds which increase the bioavailability of these dietary compounds in food relevant lactic acid bacteria.
Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for alpha 3 subunit of human alpha 3 beta 1 (VLA-3), an integrin receptor for fibronectin, laminin, and collagen. (1991)

alpha 3 beta 1 (VLA-3), a member of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors, may function as a receptor for fibronectin, laminin, and collagen. A partial cDNA clone (2.4 kb) for the human alpha 3 subunit was selected from an endothelial cell lambda gt11 cDNA library by specific antibody screening. Several overlapping cDNA clones were subsequently obtained, of a total length of 4.6 kb from various cDNA libraries. The reconstructed alpha 3 cDNA was expressed on the surface of chinese hamster ovary cells as detected by an alpha 3-specific mAb after transfection, suggesting that the cDNA is authentic. Within this sequence was an open reading frame, encoding for 1,051 amino acids, including a signal peptide of 32 residues, a long extracellular domain (959 residues), a transmembrane domain (28 residues), and a short cytoplasmic segment (32 residues). Overall, the alpha 3 amino acid sequence was 25-37% similar to the other integrin alpha subunits that are cleaved, with most similarity to the alpha 6 sequence (37%), and less similarity to those alpha subunits that have I domains (15-20%, excluding the I domain sequence itself). Features most like those in other alpha subunits are (a) the positions of 18/19 cysteine residues, (b) three potential metal binding domains of the general structure DX(D/N)X(D/N)GXXD, and (c) the predicted transmembrane domain. The mass of alpha 3 calculated from its amino acid sequence is 113,505. The human alpha 3 sequence was 89% identical to hamster galactoprotein b3, and 70% similar to the chicken CSAT antigen band 2 protein partial sequence, suggesting that these two polypeptides are homologues of human alpha 3.
Efficacy and safety of dose-dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer (2017)

Interval debulking surgery (IDS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is currently one of the preferred treatment options for advanced ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of dose-dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin therapy (ddTC therapy) as NAC for these cancers. A retrospective study was conducted in 25 patients with Stage III/IV ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer who received ddTC therapy as NAC. For ddTC therapy, paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) was administered intravenously on Days 1, 8 and 15 and carboplatin (AUC 6.0 mg/ml × min) was administered intravenously on Day 1 every 3 weeks. IDS was performed after three cycles of ddTC therapy, and ddTC therapy was also continued after surgery. With ddTC therapy as NAC, the response rate was 92% and disease progression did not occur in any patient. Grade 4 hematologic toxicity and ≥Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity both occurred in 8% of the patients, but no patient discontinued NAC because of adverse events. When IDS was performed, the complete surgery rate was 64% and the optimal surgery rate was 96%. ≥Grade 3 perioperative complications occurred in 16% of the patients, but there were no perioperative deaths. Median overall survival was 35.7 months and median progression-free survival was 17.7 months. This study showed that ddTC therapy was considerably effective and tolerable as NAC. The complete surgery rate was high with IDS, and perioperative complications were acceptable.
Incentive networks (2015)

In a basic economic system, each participant receives a (financial) reward according to his own contribution to the system. In this work, we study an alternative approach - Incentive Networks - in which a participant's reward depends not only on his own contribution; but also in part on the contributions made by his social contacts or friends. We show that the key parameter effecting the efficiency of such an Incentive Network-based economic system depends on the participant's degree of directed altruism. Directed altruism is the extent to which someone is willing to work if his work results in a payment to his friend, rather than to himself. Specifically, we characterize the condition under which an Incentive Network-based economy is more efficient than the basic pay-for-your-contribution economy. We quantify by how much incentive networks can reduce the total reward that needs to be paid to the participants in order to achieve a certain overall contribution. Finally, we study the impact of the network topology and various exogenous parameters on the efficiency of incentive networks. Our results suggest that in many practical settings, Incentive Network-based reward systems or compensation structures could be more efficient than the ubiquitous 'pay-for-your-contribution' schemes.
A provider-side view of web search response time (2013)

Using a large Web search service as a case study, we highlight the challenges that modern Web services face in understanding and diagnosing the response time experienced by users. We show that search response time (SRT) varies widely over time and also exhibits counter-intuitive behavior. It is actually higher during off-peak hours, when the query load is lower, than during peak hours. To resolve this paradox and explain SRT variations in general, we develop an analysis framework that separates systemic variations due to periodic changes in service usage and anomalous variations due to unanticipated events such as failures and denial-of-service attacks. We find that systemic SRT variations are primarily caused by systemic changes in aggregate network characteristics, nature of user queries, and browser types. For instance, one reason for higher SRTs during off-peak hours is that during those hours a greater fraction of queries come from slower, mainly-residential networks. We also develop a technique that, by factoring out the impact of such variations, robustly detects and diagnoses performance anomalies in SRT. Deployment experience shows that our technique detects three times more true (operator-verified) anomalies than existing techniques.