gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared–to–visible highly selective thermal emitters based on an intrinsic semiconductor (2016)

Control of the thermal emission spectra of emitters will result in improved energy utilization efficiency in a broad range of fields, including lighting, energy harvesting, and sensing. In particular, it is challenging to realize a highly selective thermal emitter in the near-infrared-to-visible range, in which unwanted thermal emission spectral components at longer wavelengths are significantly suppressed, whereas strong emission in the near-infrared-to-visible range is retained. To achieve this, we propose an emitter based on interband transitions in a nanostructured intrinsic semiconductor. The electron thermal fluctuations are first limited to the higher-frequency side of the spectrum, above the semiconductor bandgap, and are then enhanced by the photonic resonance of the structure. Theoretical calculations indicate that optimized intrinsic Si rod-array emitters with a rod radius of 105 nm can convert 59% of the input power into emission of wavelengths shorter than 1100 nm at 1400 K. It is also theoretically indicated that emitters with a rod radius of 190 nm can convert 84% of the input power into emission of <1800-nm wavelength at 1400 K. Experimentally, we fabricated a Si rod-array emitter that exhibited a high peak emissivity of 0.77 at a wavelength of 790 nm and a very low background emissivity of <0.02 to 0.05 at 1100 to 7000 nm, under operation at 1273 K. Use of a nanostructured intrinsic semiconductor that can withstand high temperatures is promising for the development of highly efficient thermal emitters operating in the near-infrared-to-visible range.
Athermal Silicon Slot Waveguide With an Ormocomp Polymer Overlayer (2014)

We have demonstrated a proof-of-concept for an athermal silicon slot waveguide using Ormocomp as a top cladding. Preliminarily theoretical and experimental results show that the slot waveguide geometry can completely cancel out its thermo-optical coefficient, by tailoring the optical mode overlap with silicon, silicon dioxide, and Ormocomp.
5G Transport in Future Access Networks (2016)

Techno-economic results for 5G back/fronthaul based NG-PON2 with PtP-WDM-PON overlay and WR-WDM-PON for different RAN splits are presented for an urban area. It is shown that the convergence benefit with residential access decreases significantly for high bit rate interfaces.
AI-Assisted Fiber Optic Traffic Monitoring Over Existing Communication Networks (2021)

We propose and demonstrate an AI-assisted fiber optic sensing solution that can produce clear traffic information along the entire roadway in real-time using existing deployed communication fiber, enabling various cost-effective smart city applications.
Rapid photoreflectance spectroscopy for strained silicon metrology (2008)

We present an improved photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy technique upon the prior art in providing a rapid acquisition method of the PR spectrum in a simultaneous and multiplexed manner. Rapid PR (RPR) application is the on-line monitoring of strained silicon. Shrinkage in the silicon bandgap is measured and converted to strain, using theoretical models. Experimental RPR results are in good correlation with Raman spectroscopy.
Rapid and Scalable Reduction of Dense Surface-Supported Metal-Oxide Catalyst with Hydrazine Vapor (2009)

An efficient technique using hydrazine (N(2)H(4)) vapor as an agent for the rapid reduction of high-density layers of catalytic nanoparticles is demonstrated. With as little as 10 mTorr hydrazine bled into a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus, efficient reduction of metal-oxide catalyst particles is achieved more rapidly than when using atomic hydrogen as the reducing agent. Postreduction catalyst imaging emphasizes the differences in nanoparticle formation under different reduction environments, with the most uniform and compact catalyst size distribution observed following hydrazine exposure. Low-temperature reduction studies suggest that as little as 15 s N(2)H(4) exposure at temperatures of 350 °C can yield a reduced catalyst layer preceding the synthesis of dense, aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with uniform height. This work demonstrates a simple route toward scalable, vapor transport reduction of metal-oxide catalyst relevant to a number of catalytic applications, including the synthesis and selective synthesis of aligned SWNT arrays.
Abstract 348: Label-Free High-Resolution Raman Imaging Reveals Distribution of Living Myocardium and Collagen in Rat Infarcted Heart (2008)

Label-free imaging of living myocardium and collagen in the infarcted heart has not been possible. Raman spectroscopy is now a confirmed optical tool allowing the analysis of molecular structure without labeling. Here, we for the first time applied a high-speed confocal laser Raman microscope, which we have recently developed to obtain images at faster speed, for molecular tissue imaging of rat myocardial infarct (MI) regions to elucidate whether cardiomyocytes and collagen can be identified. Experiments were performed on cardiac tissues excised from female Wistar rats at 28 days after the induction of MI by coronary ligation. Raman spectra were obtained from the cytosol of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic scar tissues by examining both freshly prepared and frozen-thawed specimens with RAMAN-11 (Nanophoton, Japan) with confirmation of the border-zone of MI using serial hematoxylineosin- and Masson’s trichrome-stained images. The samples were illuminated with a Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) through a water-immersion objective lens (× 60), and the Raman scattered light was guided to the slit (100 μm) of a spectrograph. The spectra were recorded by an electrically cooled CCD camera (−70°C, 15 bits, 1340 × 400 pixels). The following results were obtained from 10 hearts: Raman spectra of the cytosol of cardiomyocytes included the resonance Raman bands at 751, 1130, 1313, and 1582 cm −1 wavelengths arising from cytochrome c; Raman spectra of fibrotic tissues were well correlated with that of collagen type I; using principal component analysis, cardiomyocytes and collagen could be clearly imaged at the cellular level; and there were no significant differences in the positions of the Raman bands between the freshly prepared and frozen-thawed specimens. We note that Raman tissue imaging is capable of identifying both living myocardium and collagen with high resolution, owing to the utilization of the resonance Raman scattering of cytochrome c to identify the cardiomyocytes. This label-free molecular imaging method can be applied for real-time monitoring of the distribution of living myocardium and collagen in the human heart for the assessment of myocardial viability.
Current Understanding of Acute Bovine Liver Disease in Australia (2016)

Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD) is a hepatotoxicity principally of cattle which occurs in southern regions of Australia. Severely affected animals undergo rapid clinical progression with mortalities often occurring prior to the recognition of clinical signs. Less severely affected animals develop photosensitization and a proportion can develop liver failure. The characteristic histopathological lesion in acute fatal cases is severe, with acute necrosis of periportal hepatocytes with hemorrhage into the necrotic areas. Currently there are a small number of toxins that are known to cause periportal necrosis in cattle, although none of these have so far been linked to ABLD. Furthermore, ABLD has frequently been associated with the presence of rough dog's tail grass (<i>Cynosurus echinatus</i>) and <i>Drechslera</i> spp. fungi in the pasture system, but it is currently unknown if these are etiological factors. Much of the knowledge about ABLD is contained within case reports, with very little experimental research investigating the specific cause(s). This review provides an overview of the current and most recently published knowledge of ABLD. It also draws on wider research and unpublished reports to suggest possible fungi and mycotoxins that may give rise to ABLD.
Activation of Class III Ribonucleotide Reductase from E. coli. The Electron Transfer from the Iron−Sulfur Center to S-Adenosylmethionine (2001)

The anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase (ARR) from E. coli is the prototype for enzymes that use the combination of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and an iron-sulfur center for generating catalytically essential free radicals. ARR is a homodimeric alpha2 protein which acquires a glycyl radical during anaerobic incubation with a [4Fe-4S]-containing activating enzyme (beta) and AdoMet under reducing conditions. Here we show that the EPR-active S = 1/2 reduced [4Fe-4S]+ cluster is competent for AdoMet reductive cleavage, yielding 1 equiv of methionine and almost 1 equiv of glycyl radical. These data support the proposal that the glycyl radical results from a one-electron oxidation of the reduced cluster by AdoMet. Reduced protein beta alone is also able to reduce AdoMet but only in the presence of DTT. However, in that case, 2 equiv of methionine per reduced cluster was formed. This unusual stoichiometry and combined EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis are used to tentatively propose that AdoMet reductive cleavage proceeds by an alternative mechanism involving catalytically active [3Fe-4S] intermediate clusters.
The Substitution of Germanium for Silicon in AST‐Type Zeolite. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Data from HSV-sr39TK Positron Emission Tomography and Suicide Gene Elimination of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny in Humanized Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Engineering immunity against cancer by the adoptive transfer of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) modified to express antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors generates a continual supply of effector T cells, potentially providing superior anticancer efficacy compared with the infusion of terminally differentiated T cells. Here, we demonstrate the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; generation of functional effector T cells from CD34-enriched human peripheral blood stem cells modified with a lentiviral vector designed for clinical use encoding a TCR recognizing the cancer/testes antigen NY-ESO-1, coexpressing the PET/suicide gene sr39TK. &lt;i&gt;Ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; analysis of T cells showed antigen- and HLA-restricted effector function against melanoma. Robust engraftment of gene-modified human cells was demonstrated with PET reporter imaging in hematopoietic niches such as femurs, humeri, vertebrae, and the thymus. Safety was demonstrated by the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; ablation of PET signal, NY-ESO-1-TCR–bearing cells, and integrated lentiviral vector genomes upon treatment with ganciclovir, but not with vehicle control. Our study provides support for the efficacy and safety of gene-modified HSCs as a therapeutic modality for engineered cancer immunotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(18); 5173–83. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Stochastic Process of Multiple Cracking in Discontinuous Random Fiber Reinforced Brittle Matrix Composites (1995)

The classical ACK model for multiple cracking in a tensile specimen of a fiber reinforced brittle matrix composite does not account for flaw size distribution of the matrix. In this paper, a stochastic treatment of the damage process in the form of multiple cracking in discontinuous random fiber reinforced brittle matrix composites is presented. The effect of matrix flaw size distribution (initial matrix damage) on composite strength and crack spacing is analyzed. The flaw size distribution of the matrix is simulated by a Monte Carlo process. In the simulation, a Weibull-type function is assumed. The conditions for crack growth depending on initial flaw size and external loads as well as fiber bridging effect are highlighted. Unique merits and deficiencies of the current study are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Co2(CO)8‐Catalyzed Reaction of Cyclic Ortho Esters with a Hydrosilane and Carbon Monoxide. Novel Method for Homologation of 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1, 4‐Diols. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetic Properties of FeNi-Based Thin Film Materials with Different Additives (2014)

This paper presents a study of FeNi-based thin film materials deposited with Mo, Al and B using a co-sputtering process. The existence of soft magnetic properties in combination with strong magneto-mechanical coupling makes these materials attractive for sensor applications. Our findings show that FeNi deposited with Mo or Al yields magnetically soft materials and that depositing with B further increases the softness. The out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy of FeNi thin films is reduced by depositing with Al and completely removed by depositing with B. The effect of depositing with Mo is dependent on the Mo concentration. The coercivity of FeNiMo and FeNiAl is reduced to less than a half of that of FeNi, and a value as low as 40 A/m is obtained for FeNiB. The surfaces of the obtained FeNiMo, FeNiAl and FeNiB thin films reveal very different morphologies. The surface of FeNiMo shows nano-cracks, while the FeNiAl films show large clusters and fewer nano-cracks. When FeNi is deposited with B, a very smooth morphology is obtained. The crystal structure of FeNiMo strongly depends on the depositant concentration and changes into an amorphous structure at a higher Mo level. FeNiAl thin films remain polycrystalline, even at a very high concentration of Al, and FeNiB films are amorphous, even at a very low concentration of B.
Thermoacoustics and the Rijke Tube: Experiments, Identification, and Modeling (2015)

The Rijke tube [1] is a classic experiment that is relatively simple and inexpensive to build in a typical university laboratory. Despite its construction simplicity, it can serve to illustrate a wide variety of mathematical modeling, empirical identification, verification, and feedback control techniques. As such, it is suitable for use in both advanced undergraduate and graduate control laboratory courses.
Biomechanical modeling of pregnant occupants in far-side vehicle crashes. (2006)

Automobile crashes are the largest single cause of death for pregnant women and the leading cause of traumatic fetal injury mortality in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the risk of fetal injury in pregnant occupants exposed to far-side vehicle crashes. A test matrix of nine computer simulations was performed using a computational model of a 30-week pregnant occupant. Three separate far-side impact severities were modeled including velocity changes of 5 mph, 15 mph, and 25 mph over the same 100 ms period. Three restraint conditions were modeled including no restraint, lap-belt only, and the three-point belt. All simulations at 5 mph resulted in very low risk of maternal or fetal injury. The simulations at 15 mph and 25 mph demonstrated the protective benefit of the three-point belt as both the lap-belt and no restraint tests resulted in the mother's head contacting the opposite door resulting in severe head injuries with HIC values above 2000. All simulations at 15 mph and 25 mph indicate possible fetal injury risk regardless of restraint condition as the peak strain values at the utero-placental interface were between 27.1% and 44.9% which equate to fetal injury risks between 36.9% and 61.0%. Direct abdominal contact from the shoulder strap of the three-point belt caused this strain in contrast to the inertial loading induced strain in the lap-belt and unbelted cases. Overall, the console was not a potential fetal injury mechanism in these simulations as the occupant either passed over it in the unrestrained simulations or rotated above it for the lap-belt and three-point belt tests. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies that show the three-point belt is the best and most important safety device for protecting pregnant occupants.
A gallium arsenide nonlinear platform on silicon (2018)

A nonlinear platform using gallium arsenide (GaAs) waveguides cladded with SiO2 has been demonstrated on silicon substrates. It is suitable for efficient nonlinear applications. Second harmonic generation (SHG) with record-high efficiency of 38,000% W−1cm−2 has been achieved.
Administration of Drugs, Respiratory Route (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Temperature dependence of the direct band gap energy and donor–acceptor transition energies in Be-doped GaAsSb lattice matched to InP (1994)

The direct band energy (Eg) and donor–acceptor (D,A) transition energies are mapped as a function of temperature for Be-doped GaAsSb lattice matched to InP. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements over the temperature range 2 K≤T≤300 K yield two emission peaks, one of lower intensity and one of higher intensity. The lower intensity peak is believed to be Be related, while the higher intensity peak is from residual impurities. The emission energies of both PL peaks increase linearly with respect to the logarithm of excitation intensity, indicating the peaks are (D,A) transitions. Measurement of Eg was achieved using optical absorption spectroscopy over the range 14 K≤T≤300 K. A least squares fit of the absorption data using the Varshni equation produces a closed form expression for Eg(T) with coefficients α=13.5×10−4 eV/K, and β=135 K.
Analysis of mixed-signal manufacturability with statistical technology CAD (TCAD) (1996)

We have developed a methodology which combines technology CAD (TCAD) simulation with statistical analysis of empirical data to predict and control the manufacturability of IC fabrication processes. As a result, manufacturing tolerance or sigma-based models (also known as worst-case models) can be determined before a significant sample size of fabricated devices can be characterized. Early on in the development cycle, empirical data is collected, and models built from simulated data are refined. These revised models are used to determine process control limits, and optimize in-line and electrical test measurement (E-test) for maximum observability of variation. As the process is stabilized, further refined models are used to perform yield diagnosis and tolerance analysis of circuits. This methodology has been applied to a number of BJT and submicrometer CMOS processes to create predictive sigma-based models, modify the fabrication recipe to meet objective specifications as development proceeds, and finally use them to control the manufacturing line.
Coupled oscillators approach to identification of directionality in cardiorespiratory interaction (2003)

A previously proposed method aimed to identify the directionality of interaction in weakly coupled oscillator systems is presented, tested on simulated data and applied to the problem of experimental detection of directionality of cardiorespiratory interaction in healthy newborns. The results reveal that the direction of coupling between the cardiovascular system and respiratory system varies with age within the first six months of life. We find a tendency to change from nearly symmetric bi-directional interaction to nearly unidirectional one (from respiration to the heart rate). Stronger cardiorespiratory interaction appears to be mainly related to the driving effect of respiration on the heart rate. Moreover, the dependency of the directionality index on the respiratory frequency indicates the possible existence of distinct regimes of interaction.
Photopolymer-based three-dimensional optical waveguide devices (2012)

Photopolymer based three-dimensional (3D) waveguide devices are very attractive in low-cost optical system integration. Especially, Light-Induced Self-Written (LISW) technology is suitable for this application, and the technology enables low-loss 3D optical circuitry formation from an optical fiber tip which soaked in photopolymer solution by employing its photo-polymerization due to own irradiation from the fiber tip. This technology is expected drastic mounting cost reduction in fields of micro-optic and hybrid integration devices assembly. The principle of the LISW optical waveguides is self-trapping effect of the irradiation flux into the self-organized waveguide, where, used wavelength can be chosen to fit photopolymer's reactivity from visible to infrared. Furthermore, this effect also makes possible grating formation and "optical solder" interconnection. Actually fabricated self-written grating shows well defined deep periodic index contrast and excellent optical property for the wavelength selectivity. And the "optical solder" interconnection realizes a passive optical interconnection between two faceted fibers or devices by the LISW waveguide even if there is a certain amount of gap and a small degree of misalignment exist. The LISW waveguides grow towards each other from both sides to a central point where the opposing beams overlap and are then combined into one waveguide. This distinctive effect is confirmed in all kind optical fibers, such as from a singlemode to 1-mm-corediameter multimode optical fiber. For example of complicated WDM optical transceiver module, mounted a branchedwaveguide and filter elements, effectiveness of LISW technology is outstanding. In assembling and packaging process, neither dicing nor polishing is needed. In this paper, we introduce LISW technology principles and potential application to integrated WDM optical transceiver devices for both of singlemode and multimode system developed in our research group.