gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor‐mediated cell lysis in vitro: relationship to cAMP accumulation and guanine nucleotide‐binding proteins (1992)

We have investigated the modulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated tumor cell lysis by cAMP. Among a panel of human breast tumor cell lines, MCF7 and MDA MB 231 were shown to be, respectively, sensitive and resistant to TNF-mediated cell lysis in vitro. 125I-labeled TNF-binding experiments demonstrated that both cell lines bind TNF, indicating that the differential sensitivity to TNF was not related to TNF receptor expression. To study the relationship between TNF-mediated cell lysis and cAMP accumulation, cAMP measurement was performed following TNF treatment. Our data show that TNF alone did not induce an enhancement of intracellular cAMP accumulation either in the TNF-sensitive or in the TNF-resistant cell line. Experiments in which cells were exposed to forskolin revealed that this cAMP elevating drug was efficient in enhancing the sensitivity to TNF of MCF7 cell line. This potentiating effect of forskolin was maximal for suboptimal concentrations of TNF (10 ng/ml), reaching up to 100% when forskolin was added at 100 microM. However, co-stimulating with forskolin of either MDA MB 231 or a TNF-resistant MCF7 clone (MCF7-R-A1) did not induce any reversal of resistance to TNF. We further assessed the interaction of TNF with transmembrane signalling and the possible involvement of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins). Bacterial toxin-catalyzed ADP ribosylation of MCF7 and MDA MB 231 membranes was, therefore, performed. Using cholera toxin, we demonstrate that TNF treatment did not quantitatively alter the activity of stimulatory G-proteins either in MCF7 or MDA MB 231 cell line. In contrast, pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP ribosylation experiments suggest a functional coupling of TNF receptors to a 40-kDa pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein in the TNF-sensitive MCF78 cell line but not in the TNF-resistant MDA MB 231 cell line. Taken together, these data indicate that cAMP might play a role in TNF-mediated cell lysis and are in support of the involvement of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein in TNF-mediated MCF7 cells lysis.
Analysis and Modeling of the Phase Detector Hysteresis in Bang-Bang PLLs (2014)

All-digital bang-bang phase-locked-loops suffer from unwanted output spurs due to their non-linear behavior. The digital implementation of these PLLs often introduces extra delay which affects the performance of BBPLLs. This comes from the retiming and resampling of the digital data in the loop. In this work the phase detector hysteresis is investigated as a source for additional performance degradation. The jitter dependency on the loop parameters in the presence of hysteresis is analyzed, providing a new insight to be considered when designing for minimum jitter. This analysis provides a quick estimation of the deterministic jitter and the location of the spurious tones thus allowing the timing resolution of the PD to be determined. A new model for the BBPLL is also introduced that considers the non-ideality of the PD and its effect on the loop. To evaluate the performance, a time-amplifier is used to improve the resolution of the PD. Jitter and spurious tone of the BBPLL with TA assisted PD are then compared with those of a loop with a regular PD. The results show that the TAPD improves the performance by a factor of 3. The design and simulations have been done in a 32-nm CMOS technology.
MODULATION OF ENDOGENOUS OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN-1 (OP-1) BY INTERLEUKIN-1 IN ADULT HUMAN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE (2003)

The results of the present study indicate that human adult chondrocytes have an ability to respond anabolically to initial or early catabolic events through an upregulation of endogenous OP-1.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐SUBSTITUTED 3‐HYDROXY‐ AND 3‐AMINO‐6H‐1,2,6‐THIADIAZINE 1,1‐DIOXIDES (1978)

Abstract Sulfamid (I) reagiert mit den Vinylethern (II) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III), die z.Tl. bereits unter Reaktionsbedingungen zu (IV) cyclisiert werden.
A Model for Colour Prediction of Halftoned Samples Incorporating Light Scattering and Ink Spreading (1999)

This study introduces new models an d mathematica l formulations describing the light scattering and ink spreading phenomena. Based on thes e new theoretical tools, the spectra of 100 real pape r samples produced by two ink-jet printers were computed with an average prediction error of about &#x394;E = 2.1 in CIELAB.
Ports-of-Trade, Maritime Diasporas, and Networks of Trade and Cultural Integration in the Bay of Bengal Region of the Indian Ocean: c. 1300-1500 (2009)

Abstract This exploratory study addresses the trading networks in the Bay of Bengal region of the Indian Ocean during the 1300-1500 era. In this case it is less about the exchange of products than the membership of trading communities, the relationships among the regionally networked ports-of-trade and their merchant communities, and the regional cultural and economic consequences. The focal issue here is the transitional nature of maritime trade and cultural identities in this sub-region of the international East-West maritime route immediately prior to the Portuguese seizure of Melaka in 1511 (see map 1). This article addresses the alternative understandings of this era’s Bay of Bengal regional trade relative to maritime diasporas and other networked relationships; in doing so it incorporates the latest discussions of early urbanization in this region by focusing on networking between secondary and primary centers.&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;Cette contribution s’adresse au Golfe de Bengale dans la période 1300-1500, notamment à l’ensemble de ses littoraux, et le considère comme une unité. Pour cette raison elle aborde à peine les ports individuels. Cet espace vit des Chinois, des Perses, et des Yéménites s’associants au visiteurs du Moyen-Orient, et les activités des diasporas issus de l’Inde du Sud et du Sri Lanka. Le maillage de ses réseaux régionaux étant fluides et perméables se modifiaient suivant les événements et s’adaptaient au fluctuations entre les diasporas euxmêmes. Ses communautés actives dans le Golfe de Bengale seront perçues au niveau conceptuels comme des espaces peuplés par des individus, des familles, et la multiplicité des leurs circuits politiques et socio-économiques dérivées, eux, de leurs pays d’origine ainsi que de leurs destinations.
Ultrahigh‐Performance Self‐Powered Flexible Photodetector Driven from Photogating, Piezo‐Phototronic, and Ferroelectric Effects (2019)

Abstract Owing to the need for dynamic, real‐time, and on‐site data collection in internet of things applications, the realization of ultra‐sensitive sensing networks with self‐powered, flexible, and lightweight devices has become an important issue for the development of sensor systems. In this work, a novel, high‐performance, self‐powered photodetector is achieved through the combination of photogating, piezo‐phototronic, and ferroelectric effect by incorporating a ferroelectric thin film of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐trifluoroethylene) in a rationally designed device structure with suitable band alignment, which can modulate carrier transport behavior at the interface due to the internal electric field produced by light illumination, external strain, or voltage‐poled dipole. This enables photocurrent and overall device performance to improve significantly. The unprecedented photodetector presented in this study has several merits, including mechanical flexibility and light weight that allow it to adapt to arbitrary surface topology; additionally, its self‐powering capability and high reliability are urgently needed for the demanding functionality of devices for the development of next‐generation optoelectronic devices, spanning from wearable communication to unattended harsh environments with a human‐friendly interface.
P‐56: Aligning Liquid Crystals Using Self‐Assembled Monolayers (2007)

Abstract Conventional method of liquid crystal (LC) alignment — rubbing of polyimide film with a cloth — changes the topography of the layer and induces anisotropic orientation of polymer chains along the rubbing direction. Unfortunately, it also generates a lot of debris. Moreover, this method is incompatible with localized control over LC alignment. Recently, anchoring of LC was demonstrated using low energy surfaces from self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited from a liquid phase on gold and silica. We applied Molecular Vapor Deposition (MVD™) technology for anchoring of MLC 6610 liquid crystal to ITO surface. Advantage of vapor‐phase deposition in superior surface quality has been reported elsewhere. Self‐assembled monolayers of perfluorinated chlorosilanes and aminosilanes were used to build LC cell with symmetrical boundary condition and cell gap of 10 um. Anchoring energy of 4.2×10 −4 J/m2 was obtained using capacity method for both types of SAMs. MLC 6610 showed 2.45 V threshold voltage. We observed a uniform vertical alignment of the cell without defects.
Four Decades, Four Places and Four Concepts (2013)

Peptide chemistry has experienced enormous progress over the last decades, and the synthesis-oriented peptide scientist is confronted today with research domains at the interface of chemistry, biology and medicine. In this review, we look at some of our contributions over four decades, developed at four places in Germany and Switzerland. Special attention is given to four concepts which can be considered as nucleation seeds for some of today's research topics in peptide chemistry: (1) The use of polyethylene glycols (PEG) as solubilizing carriers in liquid-phase peptide synthesis which has resulted in the well known 'PEGylation' of peptides and proteins, (2) the construction of artificial proteins using topological templates, termed template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASP) which has stimulated the use of templates in peptide and protein design and mimicry, (3) pseudo-prolines which serve today as routine technology for the prevention of peptide self-association and beta-sheet formation in peptide synthesis, thus making accessible solid-phase synthesis of peptides up to the size of small proteins, and finally (4) studies on the onset of secondary structure and conformational transitions in designed oligo-peptides which resulted in the creation of 'switch-peptides' as folding precursors, allowing delineation of the molecular mechanism of protein folding and misfolding as an early step in peptide self-assembly and fibril formation relevant in degenerative diseases.
Matrix isolation studies on the lithium-induced reductive coupling of carbon dioxide (1981)

R. H. Hauge, J. L. Margrave, J. W. Kauffman, N. A. Rao, M. M. Konarski, J. P. Bell and W. E. Billups, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 1258 DOI: 10.1039/C39810001258
The wet synthesis and quantification of ligand-free sub-nanometric Au clusters in solid matrices (2016)

The synthesis of ligand-free sub-nanometric metal clusters on a large scale suffers typically from very low yields (<5% yield) and needs very high dilutions. Here we show that Au clusters can be prepared with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH), charcoal, and different metal oxides (CeO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO) in >15% yields, as unambiguously determined using a very simple and extremely sensitive analytical reaction test.
Dielectric Properties of Microstructure‐Controlled Ba2Ti9O20 Resonators (1999)

Thermal schedules for sintering ZrO 2 ‐ and SnO 2 ‐doped Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20 resonators to minimum porosity were developed using a shrinkage‐rate‐controlled dilatometer. Efficient sintering schedules were formulated that circumvented pore formation via grain‐boundary/triple‐point liquid‐phase volatilization. A densification rate (0.5%/min) for the early stages of sintering, which minimized intragranular porosity, was chosen. For the later stages of sintering, a densification rate (0.01%/min) that minimized specimen slumping via the liquid phase permitted sintering to high density. These schedules were successfully upscaled to heat treatment in a conventional furnace. The dielectric constants, quality factors, and selected temperature coefficients of 0.82‐ and 1.64‐mol%‐SnO 2 ‐, and 1.64‐mol%‐ZrO 2 ‐doped monophase Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20 were reported.
In Patients with Non-Dysplastic Barrettʼs Esophagus (NDBE), Selective Endoscopic Ablative Therapy (EAT) Based on Risk-Stratification by Molecular Analysis of Mutational Load (ML) is the Most Cost-Effective Management Strategy (2012)

Purpose: Long-term surveillance of NDBE has high cost and limited effectiveness in preventing esophageal adenocarcinoma, and EAT for NDBE remains expensive and controversial. Recent studies support a role for molecular markers in defining a subset of patients at greater risk for progression to cancer. Aim: To evaluate cost-effectiveness of EAT of NDBE using risk-stratification with molecular markers. Methods: Using a Markov hybrid decision tree, 4 competing strategies were evaluated in a hypothetical 50-year old cohort of patients with NDBE over their lifetime with societal perspective. In strategy I, all patients with NDBE were followed without specific intervention; in strategy II standard surveillance according to the ACG practice guidelines was performed, with EAT used for patients with high grade dysplasia. In strategy III, EAT was performed in all patients with NDBE. In strategy IV, the PathFinder assay (RedPath Integrated Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA), which assesses mutational load (ML, a semi-quantative measure of genomic instability using loss of heterozygosity mutations in DNA extracted from areas targetted by microdissection from biopsy slides) was used for risk-stratification (Gastroenterol 2012;142 (5):S 749). Patients with no ML (25%) underwent minimal surveillance, patients with low ML (70%) underwent standard surveillance and patients with high ML (5%) were treated selectively by EAT. The model was biased against EAT with conservative estimates of complete response to EAT and continued surveillance afterwards. Transitional probabilities, discounted cost and utility values to estimate quality adjusted life-years (QALY) were obtained from published information and Medicare reimbursement data. Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of different strategies was the main outcome measure. Results: In baseline analysis, strategy IV was clearly dominant (both cheaper and more effective: Table), and sensitivity analyses showed the conclusion to be robust to plausible ranges of parameters. In a second-order Monte Carlo analysis, under strategy IV and III, 45 and 114 esophageal cancers developed over 18,504 and 17,825 person-years of follow-up, respectively [RR 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.55); NNT of 14 (95% CI, 11-22)]. Critical determinants of cost-effectiveness of the risk-based strategy were rate of complete response and cost of ablation and, surveillance interval in patients with no ML.Table: [1448] TableConclusion: Use of ML to stratify risk in NDBE patients was the most cost-effective strategy to prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma. Targeting EAT towards patients with high ML presents an opportunity for a paradigm shift in the management of NDBE. Disclosure: Dr. Das: consultant; Mr. Ellsworth, Dr. Smith, Dr. Finklestein: Employee. This research was supported by an industry grant from Research support by RedPath Integrated Pathology, Inc, Pittsburgh, PA.
Novinky v léčbě HIV infekce (2012)

Thirty years after identification of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) as a new clinical syndrome with uncertain prospects of the treatment, the current pharmaceutical industry offers 31 single or combined medicinal drugs with different mechanisms of action. Development of the new anti-HIV compounds is still being continued, with respect to the ability of the virus to make resistance towards the current treatment and significant side effects of antiretrovirals. Since 1996, the standard therapy is HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) or more recently, cART (combination antiretroviral therapy). Intensive investigation is also carried out in the field of preventive effects of microbicides containing tenofovir.
Imitating human movement with teleoperated robotic head (2016)

Effective teleoperation requires real-time control of a remote robotic system. In this work, we develop a controller for realizing smooth and accurate motion of a robotic head with application to a teleoperation system for the Furhat robot head [1], which we call TeleFurhat. The controller uses the head motion of an operator measured by a Microsoft Kinect 2 sensor as reference and applies a processing framework to condition and render the motion on the robot head. The processing framework includes a pre-filter based on a moving average filter, a neural network-based model for improving the accuracy of the raw pose measurements of Kinect, and a constrained-state Kalman filter that uses a minimum jerk model to smooth motion trajectories and limit the magnitude of changes in position, velocity, and acceleration. Our results demonstrate that the robot can reproduce the human head motion in real time with a latency of approximately 100 to 170 ms while operating within its physical limits. Furthermore, viewers prefer our new method over rendering the raw pose data from Kinect.
Rice Cytokinin GATA Transcription Factor1 Regulates Chloroplast Development and Plant Architecture (2013)

Chloroplast biogenesis has been well documented in higher plants, yet the complex methods used to regulate chloroplast activity under fluctuating environmental conditions are not well understood. In rice (Oryza sativa), the CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (Cga1) shows increased expression following light, nitrogen, and cytokinin treatments, while darkness and gibberellin reduce expression. Strong overexpression of Cga1 produces dark green, semidwarf plants with reduced tillering, whereas RNA interference knockdown results in reduced chlorophyll and increased tillering. Coexpression, microarray, and real-time expression analyses demonstrate a correlation between Cga1 expression and the expression of important nucleus-encoded, chloroplast-localized genes. Constitutive Cga1 overexpression increases both chloroplast biogenesis and starch production but also results in delayed senescence and reduced grain filling. Growing the transgenic lines under different nitrogen regimes indicates potential agricultural applications for Cga1, including manipulation of biomass, chlorophyll/chloroplast content, and harvest index. These results indicate a conserved mechanism by which Cga1 regulates chloroplast development in higher plants.
Dimeric carotenoid interaction in the light-harvesting antenna of purple phototrophic bacteria (1991)

The carotenoid content of intracytoplasmic membrane vesicles isolated from purple phototrophic bacteria was reduced to a variable extent by mild extraction with light petroleum. Using preparations obtained from Rhodobacter capsulatus strains that contained the Light Harvesting System I (LHI) complex as the only major photosynthetic holochrome, it was shown that the visible circular dichroism of the carotenoids increased with the square of the membrane carotenoid content, as expected from being caused by dimeric exciton interaction. No chirality resulting from twists of the individual planar chromophore was detected. Therefore the contribution to carotenoid optical activity of non-degenerate interactions with bacteriochlorophyll or the apoprotein does not appear to be significant. The broadening of the absorption band of the bound pigment, caused by the splitting of the monomer transition, was demonstrated in membrane vesicles of both Rb, capsulatus and Rhodospirillum rubrum as a decrease of the fine structure of the band. Furthermore, the dimeric organization of the carotenoid pigments in the bacterial LHI complex accounted for the observed quantitative relationship between the fine structure of the band and the carotenoid content of the membrane.
Distinct kinetic and mechanical properties govern ALCAM-mediated interactions as shown by single-molecule force spectroscopy (2007)

The activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) mediates dynamic homotypic and heterotypic cellular interactions. Whereas homotypic ALCAM-ALCAM interactions have been implicated in the development and maintenance of tissue architecture and tumor progression, heterotypic ALCAM-CD6 interactions act to initiate and stabilize T-cell-dendritic-cell interactions affecting T-cell activation. The ability to resist the forces acting on the individual bonds during these highly dynamic cellular contacts is thought to be crucial for the (patho)physiology of ALCAM-mediated cell adhesion. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to characterize the relationship between affinity, avidity and the stability of ALCAM-mediated interactions under external loading, at the single-molecule level. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton resulted in enhanced ALCAM binding avidity, without affecting the tensile strength of the individual bonds. Force spectroscopy revealed that the ALCAM-CD6 bond displayed a significantly higher tensile strength, a smaller reactive compliance and an up to 100-fold lower dissociation rate in the physiological force window in comparison to the homotypic interaction. These results indicate that homotypic and heterotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion are governed by significantly distinct kinetic and mechanical properties, providing novel insight into the role of ALCAM during highly dynamic cellular interactions.
A 39.1-to-41.6GHz ΔΣ Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer in 90nm CMOS (2008)

In this paper, we present a 39.1-to-41.6 GHz 1.2 V 64 mW DeltaSigma fractional-N frequency synthesizer that is implemented in 90nm CMOS. To reduce power consumption, a divide-by-4 injection-locking frequency divider (ILFD) is used in the feedback loop and a digital calibration technique is implemented to overcome the ILFD locking-range limitations.
Real-time intensity inversion using two-wave and four-wave mixing in photorefractive Bi_12GeO_20 (1985)

In this paper, we consider a two-wave mixing system using a photorefractive medium and compute the diffraction efficiency as a function of the writing beam ratios. In certain conditions, the diffraction efficiency is shown to be exactly proportional to the inverse of the object beam intensity. Experimental results, obtained using a Bi12GeO20 crystal, are compared to the theoretical expression. In particular, we investigate the dependence of the range of beam ratios over which inversion occurs on the experimental parameters of total writing beam intensity and applied electric field. Results of performing inversion of gray-scale objects using a degenerate four-wave mixing setup are shown.
A method for high-throughput gene expression signature analysis (2006)

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling has shown that different biologic states (for instance, disease and response to pharmacologic manipulation) can be recognized by the expression pattern of relatively small numbers of genes. However, the lack of a practical and cost-effective technology for detection of these gene expression 'signatures' in large numbers of samples has severely limited their exploitation in important medical and pharmaceutical discovery applications. Here, we describe a solution based on the combination of ligation-mediated amplification with an optically addressed microsphere and flow cytometric detection system.
Decoding of parallel Reed-Solomon codes with applications to product and concatenated codes (2002)

An approach to decode parallel RS codes, based on the multisequence shift-register synthesis algorithm, is considered. The applications include decoding of product and concatenated codes.