gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of silicon wafer surface orientation on very thin oxide quality (1995)

Effects of silicon wafer surface orientation on very thin oxide quality were studied, testing Si(100) and (111) wafers. It has been found that the very thin oxide quality is determined by the silicon wafer surface orientation, and that when Si(111) is oxidized, SiO2/Si(111) interface microroughness increases as oxide becomes thicker than 10 nm, resulting in a degradation of oxide films quality on Si(111). When oxide thickness is decreased less than 10 nm, Si/SiO2 interface smoothness is maintained similar for Si(100) and (111) but SiO2/Si interface for Si(111) exhibits larger interface charges and larger threshold-voltage shift due to hot-electron injection than that for Si(100).
Nanoparticles for Imaging, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNanoparticles for Imaging, Diagnosis, and TherapeuticsVinod Labhasetwar, Maciej Zborowski, Alexis R. Abramson, and James P. BasilionView Author Information Guest EditorDepartment of Biomedical Engineering/ND-20, Lerner Research Institute, and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195E-mail: [email protected] Guest EditorDepartment of Biomedical Engineering/ND-20, Lerner Research Institute, and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195E-mail: [email protected] Guest EditorNano-Network, an organization of NorTech, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7222E-mail: [email protected] Guest EditorCase Center for Imaging Research, NFCR Center for Molecular Imaging at Case, Case Western Reserve University, Wearn Building, Room B42, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5056E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Mol. Pharmaceutics 2009, 6, 5, 1261–1262Publication Date (Web):October 5, 2009Publication History Received21 July 2009Published online5 October 2009Published inissue 5 October 2009https://doi.org/10.1021/mp9001798Copyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2007Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (40 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Cancer therapy,Drug delivery,Nanomedicine,Nanotechnology,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Catabolite regulation of Bacillus subtilis acetate and acetoin utilization genes by CcpA (1994)

The Bacillus subtilis acsA (acetyl coenzyme A synthetase) and acuABC (acetoin utilization) genes were previously identified in the region downstream from the ccpA gene, which encodes a protein required for catabolite repression of the amyE (alpha-amylase) gene. The acsA and acuABC genes are divergently transcribed, with only 20 bp separating the -35 sequences of their promoters. Expression of these genes was maximal in stationary phase and was repressed by the addition of glucose to the growth medium. Two sites resembling amyO, the cis-acting regulatory target site for amyE, were identified in the acsA and acuABC promoter regions. Glucose repression of acsA and acuABC transcription was dependent on both CcpA and the amyO-like sequences.
Fabrication and development of novel micromachined parylene-based electroactive membranes with embedded microfluidic architectures (2023)

Abstract This work describes the design, fabrication, modeling, and testing of monolithic micromachined parylene-based electroactive membranes ( µ PEMs) with embedded microfluidic channels. The design and modeling employed analytical plate theory to determine the optimal membrane dimensions and structural shapes for various microsystem designs. The µ PEMs were fabricated using a combination of surface and bulk micromachining techniques incorporating Parylene C as a biocompatible polymeric structural material combined with patterned electrodes for actuation. Experimental actuation of the electroactive membranes demonstrated reliability with minimal voltage shifts, and theoretical pull-in voltages closely matching experimental results. Different structural parameters of the µ PEMs were also tested, such as varying the overall membrane thickness/structural rigidity and actuation chamber depth. Dynamic actuation of the membrane, including, the deflection and system response to various actuation frequencies, was observed and quantified via optical coherence tomography techniques. Microfluidic architectures were monolithically integrated with the membrane actuator and successfully perfused, with no signs of leakage. This compact microsystem has potential applications in microfluidics and Lab/System-On-a-Chip devices, for use in micromixers, particle manipulators, and applying strain to adherent cells cultured on top of the membrane.
A strategy for population pharmaceutical quality assessment based on quality by design (2020)

From a regulatory perspective, drug quality consistency evaluation must concern different processes used for the same drug. In this study, an assessment strategy based on quality by design (QbD) was developed for population pharmaceutical quality evaluation. A descriptive analysis method based on QbD concept was first established to characterize the process by critical evaluation attributes (CEAs). Then quantitative analysis method based on an improved statistical process control (SPC) method was established to investigate the process indicators (PIs) in the process population, such as mean distribution, batch-to-batch difference and abnormal quality probability. After that rules for risk assessment were established based on the SPC limitations and parameters. Both the SPC parameters of the CEAs and the risk of PIs were visualized according to the interaction test results to obtain a better understanding of the population pharmaceutical quality. Finally, an assessment strategy was built and applied to generic drug consistency assessment, process risk assessment and quality trend tracking. The strategy demonstrated in this study could help reveal quality consistency from the perspective of process control and process risk, and further show the recent development status of domestic pharmaceutical production processes. In addition, a process risk assessment and population quality trend tracking provide data-based information for approval. Not only can this information serve as a further basis for decision-making by the regulatory authority regarding early warnings, but it can also reduce some avoidable adverse reactions. With continuous addition of data, dynamic population pharmaceutical quality is meaningful for emergencies and decision-making regarding drug regulation.
A Microvalve With Integrated Sensors and Customizable Normal State for Low-Temperature Operation (2009)

This paper reports on design, fabrication, and testing of a piezoelectrically actuated microvalve with integrated sensors for flow modulation at low temperatures. One envisioned application is to control the flow of a cryogen for distributed cooling with a high degree of temperature stability and a small thermal gradient. The valve consists of a micromachined die fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator wafer, a glass wafer, a commercially available piezoelectric stack actuator, and Macor ceramic encapsulation that has overall dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . A piezoresistive pressure sensor and a thin-film Pt resistance temperature detector are integrated on the silicon die. The assembly process allows the implementation of normally open, partially open, and normally closed valves. At room temperature, gas flow modulation from 200 to 0 mL/min is achieved from 0- to 40-V actuation. Flow modulation at various temperatures from room temperature to 205 K is also reported. The pressure sensor has sensitivity of 356 ppm/kPa at room temperature, with temperature coefficient of sensitivity of -6507 ppm/K. The temperature sensor has sensitivity of 0.29 %/K. The valve and the sensors are tested across a wide range of temperatures, and the effect of temperature on performance is discussed.
Development of a novel oral treatment that rescues gait ataxia and retinal degeneration in a phenotypic mouse model of familial dysautonomia (2022)

Abstract Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by a splicing mutation in the Elongator complex protein 1 gene ( ELP1 ). This mutation leads to the skipping of exon 20 and a tissue-specific reduction of ELP1 protein, mainly in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FD is a complex neurological disorder accompanied by severe gait ataxia and retinal degeneration. There is currently no effective treatment to restore ELP1 protein expression in individuals with FD, and the disease is ultimately fatal. After identifying kinetin as a small molecule able to correct the ELP1 splicing defect, we worked on its optimization to generate novel splicing modulator compounds (SMCs) that can be used in patients. Here, we optimize the potency, efficacy, and bio-distribution of second-generation kinetin derivatives to develop an oral treatment for FD that can efficiently pass the blood-brain barrier and correct the ELP1 splicing defect in the nervous system. We demonstrate that the novel compound, PTC258, efficiently restores correct ELP1 splicing in mouse tissues, including brain, and most importantly, prevents the progressive neuronal degeneration that is characteristic of FD. Postnatal oral administration of PTC258 to the phenotypic mouse model TgFD9;Elp1 Δ20/flox increases full-length ELP1 transcript in a dose-dependent manner and leads to a two-fold increase in functional ELP1 protein in the brain. Remarkably, PTC258 treatment improves survival, gait ataxia, and retinal degeneration in the phenotypic FD mice. Our findings highlight the great therapeutic potential of this novel class of small molecules as an oral treatment for FD.
Synthesis and characterization of a new family of poly(ortho esters) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of a new family of poly(ortho esters)J. Heller, S. Y. Ng, and B. K. FritzingerCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 13, 3362–3364Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00039a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00039a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brain Metastasis After Immunotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma or Renal Cell Cancer (1999)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment of brain metastasis in patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell cancer after interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy. A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute. All patients with a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma or renal cell cancer who received IL-2 from January 1, 1985 to January 1, 1996 (n = 1385) were screened for the development of brain metastasis. Forty patients underwent surgical treatment of brain metastasis that developed after initiating IL-2 therapy. Thirty-six were rendered free of disease after resection of a single metastasis and were the focus of this study. Twenty-two of the 36 patients achieved a clinical response (10 complete responses and 12 partial responses) at extracranial sites of disease after IL-2-based immunotherapy and before the development of brain metastasis. The median disease-free interval in the brain after resection of a single metastasis was 21, 7, and 3 months for patients achieving a complete response, partial response, and no response (CR, PR, and NR) to IL-2 therapy, respectively. The median survival after craniotomy for these three groups of patients was 23, 17, and 7 months, respectively. The disease-free interval in the brain and the overall survival after craniotomy were significantly longer for patients achieving a CR to previous immunotherapy when compared with patients achieving a PR or NR. Of the 10 patients who had achieved a prior CR, 8 remained disease free in the brain at last follow-up, 6 remained alive beyond 1 year, and 3 > 4 years. Twenty-five patients experienced neurologic symptoms before craniotomy and all had complete resolution of their symptoms after surgery. Surgical treatment of single brain metastasis in patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell cancer is indicated in carefully selected patients. The benefits of resection include palliation of symptoms and the potential for a prolonged disease-free interval in the brain.
Structureless transition and strong localization effects in bis-tetramethyltetrathiafulvalenium salts [(TMTTF)2X] (1985)

We find a new ``structureless anomaly'' in several salts in the family of compounds of the form (TMTTF${)}_{2}$X (for X=${\mathrm{ReO}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{SbF}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{AsF}}_{6}$, and alloys of the latter anions). This anomaly is seen very clearly through thermopower studies and less clearly in conductivity data: In both cases it appears as a change in derivative of the corresponding transport property. There is no change in the magnetic susceptibility of the material at the anomaly, and no change in structure has been observed. We suggest that the presence of an anomaly of such description indicates that the electronic system is highly correlated and that this must be taken into account when modeling these materials, making such models rather complicated.
Fracture Strength and Microstructure of β‐SiAlON with Hafnia Addition (1999)

The influence of HfO 2 addition on the fracture strength and microstructure of ß‐SiAlON ceramics sintered from Si 3 N 4 and Al 2 O 3 powders was investigated. The strength was increased by the addition of HfO 2 , from ∼500 MPa to 700 MPa, and was almost constant from ambient temperature to 1300°C. Monoclinic HfO 2 grains that were distributed in the SiAlON grain boundaries had a flat shape (∼20 nm thick) and were surrounded by an amorphous phase. The aluminum concentration in ß‐SiAlON in the samples with an Al 2 O 3 starting composition of 15 wt% was decreased by the addition of HfO 2 . The amount of secondary phases was very small at grain boundaries between the SiAlON grains; amorphous phases were observed infrequently at the triple points but were very small (∼20 nm). The effects of HfO 2 addition on the mechanism of the microstructure development and fracture strength are discussed.
Study of gene expression profile during cord blood‐associated megakaryopoiesis (2008)

This study reveals a global gene expression profile of in vitro human CB-derived megakaryopoiesis at day 10. Some of these genes may play regulatory roles during the development of CB-derived megakaryopoiesis.
Abstract 5137: Parallel approaches to the discovery of novel BRD4 inhibitors (2014)

Abstract Epigenetic signalling is essential for the regulation of gene expression and cellular development, and disruption of these pathways has been identified in a wide range of tumours. The ϵ-N-acetylation of lysine residues (Kac) within histone tails is one of the most abundant epigenetic modifications and bromodomain containing proteins (BRD) represent an important class of reader protein that recognize and bind such residues. BRD4 is a critical mediator of transcription, functioning to recruit the positive transcription elongation factor complex (P-TEFb) and resulting in increased expression of growth-promoting genes. Inhibition of BRD4 has been shown to result in tumour growth inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BRD4 has been shown to be a proto-oncogene which is mutated by chromosomal translocations in the rare form of NUT midline carcinoma. Although the interaction between bromodomains and acetylated histone represents a protein-protein interaction, co-crystal structures have demonstrated that Kac is recognized by a central deep hydrophobic cavity, which represents “an attractive druggable pocket”. We performed a virtual screen based on modelling known BRD4 inhibitors in crystal structures of both BRD4 domain 1 and domain 2. The virtual screen used a combination of substructure, shape, electrostatic and docking methods combining the strengths of each of these approaches to select compounds from commercially available sources. In addition, we screened BRD4 binding domain 1 against an Argenta fragment library using surface plasmon resonance. A number of novel hits were identified from these screening approaches (up to 18µM in potency) and crystal structures obtained for key hits. We developed a comprehensive screening cascade validated with tool compounds for profiling hits, starting with an in vitro Brd4 AlphaScreen binding assay and comprising a number of cellular pharmacodynamic assays evaluating effects on established biomarkers of BRD4 inhibition. These screening assays included mRNA analyses for c-myc, p21 and bcl2, a c-myc promoter reporter assay and were confirmed by Western analyses. Phenotypic assays based on growth inhibition of multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia cell lines were also established. Citation Format: David H. Jones, Marcel J. de Groot, Robert Heald, Ebenezer Arhin, Ria Goodwin, Brenda Burton, Jan Kulagowski, David Brown, Steven Irving, Richard Bazin, Deborah Bruce, Rene Devos, Steven Price, Nick Ray, Peter Lockey, John Montana, Mark R. Albertella, Simon R. Green. Parallel approaches to the discovery of novel BRD4 inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5137. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5137
Body Water-Mediated Conductivity Actualizes the Insect-Control Functions of Electric Fields in Houseflies (2020)

In the present study, the relationship between body water loss and conductivity was examined in adult houseflies (<i>Musca domestica</i>). The events an insect experiences in an electric field are caused by the conductive nature of the insect body (i.e., movement of electricity within or its release from the insect). After houseflies were dehydrated, rehydrated, refrigerated, and frozen and thawed, they were placed in static and dynamic electric fields. Untreated houseflies were deprived of their free electrons to become positively charged and then attracted to the insulated negative pole in the static electric field and were exposed to corona and arc discharge from non-insulated negative pole in the dynamic electric field. There was no current in the bodies of dehydrated and frozen flies; hence, there was no attractive force or discharge exposure. In the remaining insects, the results were identical to those in the untreated control insects. These results indicated that the reduction of body water conductivity inhibited the release of electricity from the body in the static electric field and the discharge-mediated current flow through the body in the dynamic electric field. The insect was affected by the electric fields because of its conductivity mediated by body water.
Ultra-High Field MRI in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effective Transverse Relaxation Rate and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Human Brain In Vivo and Ex Vivo compared to Histology (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. So far, diagnosis of AD is only unequivocally defined through postmortem histology. Amyloid plaques are a classical hallmark of AD and amyloid load is currently quantified by Positron Emission tomography (PET) in vivo. Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) can potentially provide a non-invasive biomarker for AD by allowing imaging of pathological processes at a very-high spatial resolution. The first aim of this work was to reproduce the characteristic cortical pattern previously observed in vivo in AD patients using weighted-imaging at 7T. We extended these findings using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and quantification of the effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) at 9.4T. The second aim was to investigate the origin of the contrast patterns observed in vivo in the cortex of AD patients at 9.4T by comparing quantitative UHF-MRI (9.4T and 14.1T) of postmortem samples with histology. We observed a distinctive cortical pattern in vivo in patients compared to healthy controls (HC), and these findings were confirmed ex vivo. Specifically, we found a close link between the signal changes detected by QSM in the AD sample at 14.1T and the distribution pattern of amyloid plaques in the histological sections of the same specimen. Our findings showed that QSM and R2* maps can distinguish AD from HC at UHF by detecting cortical alterations directly related to amyloid plaques in AD patients. Furthermore, we provided a method to quantify amyloid plaque load in AD patients at UHF non-invasively.
400-Gbit/s DP-16-QAM Transmission Over 40-km Unamplified SSMF With Low-Cost PON Lasers (2019)

We successfully demonstrate 400 Gbit/s transmission at 1577 nm over an unamplified 40 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) link with 11-dB loss target. Commercially available high-bandwidth coherent driver modulator (HB-CDM) and high-bandwidth micro integrated coherent receiver (HB-μICR), designed for C-band are used in combination with two TO-can packaged and thermally tuned low-cost L-band laser sources. With the aid of a memory-less one sample/symbol nonlinear offline digital-signal processing (DSP) correcting for the nonlinear transfer curve of the driver and modulator we can maximize the transmitter optical power, which is critical for unamplified fiber applications. In addition, multistage carrier recovery enables stable performance also with the large phase noise of the used coherent laser source, originally part of an electro-absorption modulated laser module (EML) and designed for extremely price-sensitive passive optical network (PON) applications.
Time-domain analysis of guided propagation on near-field optical antennas (2004)

A direct observation of the electromagnetic wave propagation on optical antennas is reported. The propagation mode and its effects on apertureless near-field optical microscopy are studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.