gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Pho Regulon in a pstCA Mutant of Citrobacter rodentium (2012)

The phosphate-specific transport operon, pstSCAB-phoU, of Gram-negative bacteria is an essential part of the Pho regulon. Its key roles are to encode a high-affinity inorganic phosphate transport system and to prevent activation of PhoB in phosphate-rich environments. In general, mutations in pstSCAB-phoU lead to the constitutive expression of the Pho regulon. Previously, we constructed a pstCA deletion mutant of Citrobacter rodentium and found it to be attenuated for virulence in mice, its natural host. This attenuation was dependent on PhoB or PhoB-regulated gene(s) because a phoB mutation restored virulence for mice to the pstCA mutant. To investigate how downstream genes may contribute to the virulence of C. rodentium, we used microarray analysis to investigate global gene expression of C. rodentium strain ICC169 and its isogenic pstCA mutant when grown in phosphate-rich medium. Overall 323 genes of the pstCA mutant were differentially expressed by at least 1.5-fold compared to the wild-type C. rodentium. Of these 145 were up-regulated and 178 were down-regulated. Differentially expressed genes included some involved in phosphate homoeostasis, cellular metabolism and protein metabolism. A large number of genes involved in stress responses and of unknown function were also differentially expressed, as were some virulence-associated genes. Up-regulated virulence-associated genes in the pstCA mutant included that for DegP, a serine protease, which appeared to be directly regulated by PhoB. Down-regulated genes included those for the production of the urease, flagella, NleG8 (a type III-secreted protein) and the tad focus (which encodes type IVb pili in Yersinia enterocolitica). Infection studies using C57/BL6 mice showed that DegP and NleG8 play a role in bacterial virulence. Overall, our study provides evidence that Pho is a global regulator of gene expression in C. rodentium and indicates the presence of at least two previously unrecognized virulence determinants of C. rodentium, namely, DegP and NleG8.
The authors reply (2021)

Sweeney, Timothy E. MD, PhD; Liesenfeld, Oliver MD; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J. MD, PhD Author Information
Carrier-directed targeting of liposomes and erythrocytes to denuded areas of vessel wall. (1986)

Immunomorphological staining of specimens prepared from human carotid arteries with anti-collagen type I antibodies reveals large amounts of type I collagen in the subendothelium of lipid fibrous plaques. Collagen type I-containing structures, once in direct contact with blood after plaque rupture, can serve as potential targets for selective delivery of liposomes and erythrocytes to these areas. To verify this rationale, [14C]cholesterol oleate-containing liposomes were conjugated with bovine or human anti-collagen type I antibodies or human plasma fibronectin. Biotin derivatives of human anti-collagen type I antibody were coupled to human erythrocytes. Modified liposomes and erythrocytes were perfused in situ through segments of bovine, rabbit, or human arteries partially denuded with a balloon catheter prior to perfusion. After perfusion, the control and denuded areas were excised and subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis and measurements of associated radioactivity. It was found that conjugates of liposomes or erythrocytes with anti-collagen type I antibodies or fibronectin are selectively bound by endothelium-free zones of arterial segments. Carrier-directed targeting of drug-laden liposomes and erythrocytes to thrombosis-prone areas of arterial lumen is discussed.
Molecular Imaging of Therapeutic Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Blockade in Colorectal Cancer (2008)

Molecular imaging can accurately assess EGF binding, proliferation, and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer xenografts. These imaging approaches may prove useful for serial, noninvasive monitoring of the biological effects of EGFR inhibition in preclinical studies. It is anticipated that these assays can be adapted for clinical use.
Non-Flammable Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Color Breakup In Sequentially-Scanned LC Displays (1994)

In sequentially-scanned liquid-crystal displays the chromatic components of color pixels are distributed in time. For such displays eye, head, display, and image-object movements can cause the individual color elements to be visible. We analyze conditions (scan designs, types of eye movement) likely to produce color breakup.
An Overview of the Power 775 Supercomputer Water Cooling System (2011)

Back in 2008 IBM reintroduced water cooling technology into its high performance computing platform, the Power 575 Supercomputing node/system. Water cooled cold plates were used to cool the processor modules which represented about half of the total system (rack) heat load. An air-to-liquid heat exchanger was also mounted in the rear door of the rack to remove a significant fraction of the other half of the rack heat load; the heat load to air. The next generation of this platform, the Power 775 Supercomputing node/system, is a monumental leap forward in computing performance and energy efficiency. The compute node and system were designed from the start with water cooling in mind. The result, a system with greater than 96% of it’s heat load conducted directly to water; a system that, together with a rear door heat exchanger, removes 100% of it’s heat load to water with no requirement for room air conditioning. In addition to the processor, memory, power conversion, and I/O electronics conduct their heat to water. Included within the framework of the system is a disk storage unit (disc enclosure) containing an interboard air-to-water heat exchanger. This paper will overview the water cooling system featuring the water conditioning unit and rack manifolds. Advances in technology over this system’s predecessor will be highlighted. An overview of the cooling assemblies within the server drawer (i.e. central electronics complex,) the disc enclosure, and the centralized (Bulk) power conversion system will also be given. Further, techniques to enhance performance and energy efficiency will also be described.
Glycoprotein Bb, the N-terminal subunit of bovine herpesvirus 1 gB, can bind to heparan sulfate on the surfaces of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (1996)

The present study confirms our previous findings made by using heparin affinity chromatography that bovine herpesvirus 1 gB can bind to heparin-like structures. In order to locate the functional domain for heparin binding, we expressed the extracellular portion of gB (gBt) and the large subunit of gB (gBb) in Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells under the control of the bovine heat shock protein 70A gene promoter. The recombinant gBt and gBb were both efficiently secreted from the transfected cells. They were shown to have structural and antigenic properties similar to those of authentic gB. Like authentic gB, both gBt and gBb were able to bind heparin-Sepharose as well as heparan sulfates on MDBK cells. Thus, we suggest that at least one heparin-binding domain is localized in gBb, the N-terminal portion of gB, which agrees with the presence of clusters of prolines and basic residues, thought to be essential for heparin binding.
Broadcast Coded Modulation: Multilevel and Bit-interleaved Construction (2016)

The capacity of the AWGN broadcast channel is achieved by superposition coding, but superposition of individual coded modulations expands the modulation alphabet and distorts its configuration. Coded modulation over a broadcast channel subject to a specific channel-input modulation constraint remains an important open problem. Some progress has been made in the related area of unequal-error protection modulations which can be considered single-user broadcast transmission, but it does not approach all points on the boundary of the capacity region. This paper studies broadcast coded modulation using multilevel coding (MLC) subject to a specific channel input constellation. The conditions under which multilevel codes can achieve the constellation-constrained capacity of the AWGN broadcast channel are derived. For any given constellation, we propose a pragmatic multilevel design technique with near constellation-constrained-capacity performance where the coupling of the superposition inner and outer codes are localized to each bit-level. It is shown that this can be further relaxed to a code coupling on only one bit level, with little or no penalty under natural labeling. The rate allocation problem between the bit levels of the two users is studied and a pragmatic method is proposed, again with near-capacity performance. In further pursuit of lower complexity, a hybrid MLC-BICM is proposed, whose performance is shown to be very close to the boundary of the constellation-constrained capacity region. Simulation results show that good point-to-point LDPC codes produce excellent performance in the proposed coded modulation framework.
Mitsubishi SCR simulation technologies (1999)

Simulation technologies for SCR (selective catalytic NOx removal) have become more important to assess SCR system during design stage. MHI has developed several simulation programs to meet specific requirements from utilities. This paper describes two kinds of simulation as examples; Flue gas flow simulation and DeNOx reaction simulation. A flue gas flow simulation was developed for the purpose of avoiding ash deposition/erosion at catalyst reactor, and helps design of optimum duct arrangement. DeNOx reaction simulation was developed to predict transient performance on SCR catalyst because there are many demands to predict NOx and ammonia emission at transient conditions such as unit start-up and load swing. These simulations enable one to optimize the system and reduce excessive margin of the SCR catalyst that will be installed initially.
High-Temperature Diamond Detector for Neutron Generator Output Monitoring in Well Logging Applications (2020)

A high-temperature fast neutron detector has been developed for well logging applications. The developed fast neutron detector is based on a single-crystal diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition. Among many other advantages, diamond detectors are rugged, radiation hard, and stable under high temperatures. The diamond detector was evaluated for monitoring the fast neutron intensity of pulsed neutron instruments. Pulsed neutron instruments are employed to deliver formation thermal neutron capture cross section, carbon-to-oxygen ratio, and mineralogy information. The ability to monitor the neutron generator output and correct for fluctuations has a potential for improving the measurement accuracy. Experimental results presented in the article include comparison of spectra acquired in the 25-175 °C temperature range, comparison of spectra acquired in various environments, and normalization of gamma-ray count rates to neutron generator output in a pulsed neutron gamma-ray logging tool. The results clearly show usability of diamond detectors for fast neutron measurements in pulsed neutron instruments.
Hepatic involvement in the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Results of percutaneous biopsy and peritoneoscopy (1980)

Forty-three patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome) underwent routine staging procedures to assess extent of disease prior to therapy. Evaluation of the liver included physical examination, liver function tests, 99mTc-liver-spleen scans, percutaneous liver biopsy, and peritoneoscopy with multiple liver biopsies. Seven patients (16%) had biopsy-documented hepatic lymphoma, histologically defined as focal aggregates of atypical convoluted lymphocytes in portal zones or hepatic lobules. The liver was the most frequently involved visceral site. Involvement of peripheral blood, leukocytosis, and generalized erythroderma were significantly associated with hepatic lymphoma. Biopsy examination was the only accurate method of detecting hepatic involvement, and peritoneoscopy with multiple biopsies appeared to be more sensitive than a single percutaneous biopsy, since the yield of positive biopsies increased from three to seven. In order to better understand the natural history of the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and the relation of hepatic involvement to survival, histologic evaluation of the liver in patients with the cutaneous lymphomas should be carried out prior to therapy.
Associations of ofatumumab exposure and treatment outcomes in patients with untreated CLL receiving chemoimmunotherapy (2016)

www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00410163).
Terawatt-scale photovoltaics: Transform global energy (2019)

Improving costs and scale reflect looming opportunities
Functionality of the System (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Protocol Stack of the End-to-End OMA-BCAST over DVB-H System Upper Layer Protocols MPE in DVB-H MPE-FEC Frame Principle of Time-Sliced Transmission Program-Specific Information (PSI)/Service Information (SI) Transport Stream Transmission Parameter Signaling (TPS) The Head-End Functionality The Receiver and Terminal Functionality The DVB-H Network Types
The Cu-Htk Mandarin Broadcast News Transcription System (2006)

This paper discusses the development of the CU-HTK Mandarin broadcast news (BN) transcription system. The Mandarin BN task includes a significant amount of English data. Hence techniques have been investigated to allow the same system to handle both Mandarin and English by augmenting the Mandarin training sets with English acoustic and language model training data. A range of acoustic models were built including models based on Gaussianised features, speaker adaptive training and feature-space MPE. A multi-branch system architecture is described in which multiple acoustic model types, alternate phone sets and segmentations can be used in a system combination framework to generate the final output. The final system shows state-of-the-art performance over a range of test sets
On the Functional Role of Valve Interstitial Cell Stress Fibers: A Continuum Modeling Approach (2016)

The function of the heart valve interstitial cells (VICs) is intimately connected to heart valve tissue remodeling and repair, as well as the onset and progression of valvular pathological processes. There is yet only very limited knowledge and extant models for the complex three-dimensional VIC internal stress-bearing structures, the associated cell-level biomechanical behaviors, and how they change under varying activation levels. Importantly, VICs are known to exist and function within the highly dynamic valve tissue environment, including very high physiological loading rates. Yet we have no knowledge on how these factors affect VIC function. To this end, we extended our previous VIC computational continuum mechanics model (Sakamoto, et al., 2016, "On Intrinsic Stress Fiber Contractile Forces in Semilunar Heart Valve Interstitial Cells Using a Continuum Mixture Model," J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 54(244-258)). to incorporate realistic stress-fiber geometries, force-length relations (Hill model for active contraction), explicit α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and F-actin expression levels, and strain rate. Novel micro-indentation measurements were then performed using cytochalasin D (CytoD), variable KCl molar concentrations, both alone and with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) (which emulates certain valvular pathological processes) to explore how α-SMA and F-actin expression levels influenced stress fiber responses under quasi-static and physiological loading rates. Simulation results indicated that both F-actin and α-SMA contributed substantially to stress fiber force generation, with the highest activation state (90 mM KCL + TGF-β1) inducing the largest α-SMA levels and associated force generation. Validation was performed by comparisons to traction force microscopy studies, which showed very good agreement. Interestingly, only in the highest activation state was strain rate sensitivity observed, which was captured successfully in the simulations. These unique findings demonstrated that only VICs with high levels of αSMA expression exhibited significant viscoelastic effects. Implications of this study include greater insight into the functional role of α-SMA and F-actin in VIC stress fiber function, and the potential for strain rate-dependent effects in pathological states where high levels of α-SMA occur, which appear to be unique to the valvular cellular in vivo microenvironment.
Photoconductive response of a single Au nanorod coupled to LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanowires (2015)

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is an important tool that provides resonant access to free carrier motion, molecular rotation, lattice vibrations, excitonic, spin, and other degrees of freedom. Current methods using THz radiation suffer from limits due to diffraction or low-sensitivity, preventing application at the scale of single nanoscale objects. Here, we present coupling between plasmonic degrees of freedom in a single gold nanorod and broadband THz emission generated from a proximal LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructure. A strong enhancement of THz emission is measured for incident radiation that is linearly polarized along the long axis of the nanorod. This demonstration paves the way for the investigation of near-field plasmonic coupling in a variety of molecular-scale systems.
Pharmacological evaluation of HM41322, a novel SGLT1/2 dual inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo (2019)

HM41322 is a novel oral sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1/2 dual inhibitor. In this study, the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic profiles of HM41322 were compared to those of dapagliflozin. HM41322 showed a 10-fold selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1. HM41322 showed an inhibitory effect on SGLT2 similar to dapagliflozin, but showed a more potent inhibitory effect on SGLT1 than dapagliflozin. The maximum plasma HM41322 level after single oral doses at 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg were 142, 439, and 1830 ng/ml, respectively, and the T<sub>1/2</sub> was 3.1 h. HM41322 was rapidly absorbed and reached the circulation within 15 min. HM41322 maximized urinary glucose excretion by inhibiting both SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the kidney. HM41322 3 mg/kg caused the maximum urinary glucose excretion in normoglycemic mice (19.32±1.16 mg/g) at 24 h. In normal and diabetic mice, HM41322 significantly reduced glucose excursion. Four-week administration of HM41322 in <i>db/db</i> mice reduced HbA1c in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, HM41322 showed a favorable preclinical profile of postprandial glucose control through dual inhibitory activities against SGLT1 and SGLT2.
In vivo Stimulation on Rabbit Retina using CMOS LSI-based Multi-Chip Flexible Stimulator for Retinal Prosthesis (2007)

We have performed in vivo electric stimulation experiments on rabbit retina to demonstrate feasibility of CMOS LSI-based multi-chip flexible neural stimulator for retinal prosthesis. We have developed new packaging structure with an improved flexibility and device control system which totally controls the LSI-based multi-chip stimulator, counter electrode, and stimulation generator. We have implanted the fabricated multi-chip stimulator into sclera pocket for STS (Suprachoroidal Transretinal Stimulation) configuration. We successfully obtained EEP (Electrically Evoked Potential) on visual cortex evoked by the multi-chip stimulator.
Synchronized Wireless Local Area Networks (2013)

To improve the performance of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and to increase the maximum data rate a new network generation with synchronized access points (AP) is proposed. The synchronization procedure is processed in a self-organized way. It is based on a test signal which is transmitted from each AP to synchronize all stations (STA) inside a single cell. The same test signal will be transmitted by each STA in the uplink phase to establish synchronization between all adjacent APs in the same service area. This synchronization process is going to avoid inter-cell interferences and allows applying a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) scheme which will benefit from multi user diversity (MUD). © VDE Verlag GMBH.
Guided extracellular matrix formation from fibroblast cells cultured on bio-inspired configurable multiscale substrata (2015)

Engineering complex extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important challenge for cell and tissue engineering applications as well as for understanding fundamental cell biology. We developed the methodology for fabrication of precisely controllable multiscale hierarchical structures using capillary force lithography in combination with original wrinkling technique for the generation of well-defined native ECM-like platforms by culturing fibroblast cells on the multiscale substrata [1]. This paper provides information on detailed characteristics of polyethylene glycol-diacrylate multiscale substrata. In addition, a possible model for guided extracellular matrix formation from fibroblast cells cultured on bio-inspired configurable multiscale substrata is proposed.
Quantification of Cellular Acid Sphingomyelinase and Galactocerebroside β-Galactosidase Activities by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Electrospray mass spectrometry combined with the use of biotinylated substrate conjugates and bioaffinity purification represents a new approach for the diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases as demonstrated for Niemann-Pick A and Krabbe diseases. No radioactive substrates are used, and the method uses a single instrumental platform to determine both ASM and GCG in one cell sample.
Positionssensoren fuer X-by-Wire-Systeme / Position sensors for Y-by-wire-Systems (2002)

Die Einfuehrung von X-by-Wire-Systemen in die kommenden Automobilgenerationen wird die Architektur der Fahrzeuge umfassend veraendern und den Einsatz von Elektronik beschleunigen. Bestimmte traditionelle Bestandteile eines Fahrzeugs, wie zum Beispiel der Bremskraftverstaerker oder die Lenkstange, werden im Zuge dieser Entwicklung mehr und mehr durch neue, zumeist elektromechanische und elektronische Komponenten abgeloest. Diese Veraenderung hat auch zur Folge, dass den einzelnen elektronischen Komponenten in den Systemen eine wesentlich groessere Bedeutung zukommt. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Positionssensoren Loesungsansaetze durch innovative Sensorkonzepte auf und stellt die gestiegenen Anforderungen dar. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: X-by-Wire-Systems will change the structure of vehicles in a wide range and will speed up the use of electronics. In the course of this development traditional parts of a vehicle like the brake booster or the steering column will be gradually replaced by electro-mechanical and electronic devices. Furthermore this change will lead up to an increased focus on the individual specific electronic components. The article introduces innovative solutions for position sensors and gives insight in the increased requirements on by-wire technologies. (A)
Bone active bisphosphonate mechanistic studies: synthesis of a 2-pyrindinylmethylene bisphosphonic acidvia a photolytic ring contraction (2000)

Recent research on the bone active bisphosphonate class of drugs has led to highly potent nitrogen-containing analogs. The involvement of specific cellular targets and therefore a critical bisphosphonate pharmacophore required in the mechanism of inhibition of bone resorption is suggested. To further test this concept, the successful design of a potent conformationally restricted analog, based on the structure-activity relationships deduced from this research, has been accomplished via the preparation of a 2-pyrindinylmethylene bisphosphonate NE-10501 (3). An interesting photolytic ring contraction was utilized as the key step in the synthesis of this novel bone active compound. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 11:442–448, 2000