gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BEAM (2003)

This paper introduces a new approach for minimizing power dissipation on the memory address bus. The proposed approach relies on the availability of smart memories that have certain awareness of the instruction format of one or more architectures. Based on this knowledge, the memory calculates or predicts the instruction and data addresses. Hence, not all addresses are sent from the processor to the memory. This, in turn, significantly reduces the activity on the memory bus. The proposed method can eliminate up to 97% of the transitions on the instruction address bus and 75% of the transitions on the data address bus with a small hardware overhead. The actual power savings of 85% for the instruction bus and 64% for the data bus were achieved for a per-line bus capacitance of 10pF.
ER retention may play a role in sorting of the nuclear pore membrane Protein POM121 towards the NPC (2016)

ER retention may play a role in sorting of the nuclear pore membrane Protein POM121 towards the NPC
Superpolishing for Planarizing Copper Damascene Interconnects (2003)

We demonstrate a superpolishing electrolyte, which consists of acid additives in conventional Cu polishing electrolytes for efficiently planarizing Cu damascene features. The significant additive concentration gradient in features, resulting in a selective Cu dissolution rate within features, is explored as a major mechanism that yields such electrolytes with high planarization efficiency. Moreover, another additive, polyethylene glycol as a suppressor, is also employed to reduce oxygen bubbling on polished films. Consequently, a smooth surface with a complete step height elimination is obtained in a 70 μm trench after electropolishing. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Optimizing electron-photon coupling in quantum well infrared photodetectors (1999)

Because of the isotropic energy band structure of the (Gamma) electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP), normal incident radiation absorption is not possible so that the optical grating and its optimization become key requirements for the QWIPs. In this work we study the optical grating structure based on Huygen's principle and Kirchhoff's formula. The theory developed in this paper is used to design the optical grating for our GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs with responding wavelength around 8.0 micrometer. The result for the photoconductive QWIPs of 1 X 128 focal plane array (FPA) working at 80 K is presented. The theoretical model has also been used to design the grating size for the 64 X 64 FPA which results in a good FPA device performance around 8.0 micrometer.
Targeting Toll like receptor 3 by double stranded RNA in breast cancer: Results from in vitro studies and randomized trial (2004)

9619 Background : Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) is known to be expressed by myeloid dendritic cells (DC) and to induce their maturation following binding with double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or its synthetic homologues polyAU and polyI:C. Several clinical trials have reported that injection of dsRNA is associated with survival benefit in cancer patients. In the present study, we have asked whether dsRNA could act directly on tumor cells through TLR3. Patients and methods : 300 patients with early breast cancer have been included from 1972 to 1979 in a randomized trial comparing post-operative administration of polyAU with no treatment. Results have been reported that showed a trend for a survival benefit in patients with involved axillary lymph nodes (n=200). Tumor biopsies from these patients were stained with TLR3-specific mAb and correlation between TLR3 expression and polyAU efficacy was determined. To investigate directly the effects of dsRNA, both freshly isolated breast tumor cells and cancer cell lines were cultured with polyI:C, and apoptosis was measured. The involvement of TLR3 in cell response was established by TLR3 RNA interference. Results : 182 tumor samples (91%) were available from the 200 pTxN+M0 patients included in this randomized trial. TLR3 was strongly expressed by tumor cells in 18 patients (10%). Table 1 reports the 20-year survival rates according to treatment and TLR3 expression. In vitro studies showed that breast cancer cell lines can express TLR3, and that dsRNA can induce up to 80% apoptosis in TLR3+ tumor cell lines within 48h of culture. This pro-apoptotic effect of double stranded RNA was specifically abolished by RNA interference for TLR3. Conclusion : These data suggest that: i. TLR3 is expressed by breast cancer cells in a subset of patients, ii. its activation by dsRNA could lead to tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and survival benefit in patients with TLR3+ tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Power Modeling for Virtual Reality Video Playback Applications (2019)

This paper proposes a method to evaluate and model the power consumption of modern virtual reality playback and streaming applications on smartphones. Due to the high computational complexity of the virtual reality processing toolchain, the corresponding power consumption is very high, which reduces operating times of battery-powered devices. To tackle this problem, we analyze the power consumption in detail by performing power measurements. Furthermore, we construct a model to estimate the true power consumption with a mean error of less than 3.5%. The model can be used to save power at critical battery levels by changing the streaming video parameters. Particularly, the results show that the power consumption is significantly reduced by decreasing the input video resolution.
Haemorrhagic necrotising enteritis in foals associated with Clostridium perfringens (1985)

Two foals aged 35 and 48 h from 2 Thoroughbred studs died several hours after developing clinical signs of depression, severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea and dehydration. Both foals had an acute haemorrhagic enteritis extending from the anterior jejunum to the terminal ileum which was characterised histologically by villus necrosis. Necrotic villi were surrounded by large numbers of rod-shaped Gram positive bacteria. Clostridium perfringens was recovered from the intestines of both foals and the isolates were considered to be C. perfringens type C. Other cases of diarrhoea were also observed in foals of the same age on these 2 studs, but the aetiology of these was not determined.
Comparison of methods of parameric correction for evaluating metamerism (2007)

Abstract In practice, most metameric pairs do not achieve colorimetric equality for a set of reference conditions. These parameric pairs are composed of a residual color difference and a metameric difference. Three techniques have been used to correct this residual color difference: an additive correction in L*a*b*, a multiplicative correction in XYZ (recommended by the CIE), and parameric decomposition where the batch's spectrum is adjusted. Parameric decomposition can be viewed as batch correction using three “colorants” (process primaries) where the color‐mixing model is linear in reflectance. Most often, Cohen and Kappauf's Matrix R technique is used where the primaries are color matching functions. Alternative primaries were derived from a Munsell Book of Color and an automotive paint system using principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). 1,152 parameric pairs about 24 color centers were synthesized using the paint system and Kubelka–Munk turbid‐media theory. Each parameric pair was corrected to a metameric pair using these methods. Spectral accuracy was evaluated by comparing the corrected spectra to metameric reference spectra calculated using Kubelka–Munk batch correction. The Matrix R technique had the worst spectral accuracy under the reference conditions while both PCA and ICA had similar and reasonable accuracy. The special index of metamerism, change in illuminant, was calculated for each parameric pair using these various correction techniques to achieve colorimetric equality. The Matrix R and CIE‐recommended multiplicative techniques were statistically significantly worse than parameric decomposition using Munsell Book of Color PCA and ICA and automotive ICA process primaries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 293–303, 2007
Visual Correspondence Hallucination (2021)

Given a pair of partially overlapping source and target images and a keypoint\nin the source image, the keypoint's correspondent in the target image can be\neither visible, occluded or outside the field of view. Local feature matching\nmethods are only able to identify the correspondent's location when it is\nvisible, while humans can also hallucinate its location when it is occluded or\noutside the field of view through geometric reasoning. In this paper, we bridge\nthis gap by training a network to output a peaked probability distribution over\nthe correspondent's location, regardless of this correspondent being visible,\noccluded, or outside the field of view. We experimentally demonstrate that this\nnetwork is indeed able to hallucinate correspondences on pairs of images\ncaptured in scenes that were not seen at training-time. We also apply this\nnetwork to an absolute camera pose estimation problem and find it is\nsignificantly more robust than state-of-the-art local feature matching-based\ncompetitors.\n
Computational approaches to understand α‐conotoxin interactions at neuronal nicotinic receptors (2004)

Recent and increasing use of computational tools in the field of nicotinic receptors has led to the publication of several models of ligand-receptor interactions. These models are all based on the crystal structure at 2.7 A resolution of a protein related to the extracellular N-terminus of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the acetylcholine binding protein. In the absence of any X-ray or NMR information on nAChRs, this new structure has provided a reliable alternative to study the nAChR structure. We are now able to build homology models of the binding domain of any nAChR subtype and fit in different ligands using docking programs. This strategy has already been performed successfully for the docking of several nAChR agonists and antagonists. This minireview focuses on the interaction of alpha-conotoxins with neuronal nicotinic receptors in light of our new understanding of the receptor structure. Computational tools are expected to reveal the molecular recognition mechanisms that govern the interaction between alpha-conotoxins and neuronal nAChRs at the molecular level. An accurate determination of their binding modes on the neuronal nAChR may allow the rational design of alpha-conotoxin-based ligands with novel nAChR selectivity.
Bioorganic nanodots for non-volatile memory devices (2013)

In recent years we are witnessing an intensive integration of bio-organic nanomaterials in electronic devices. Here we show that the diphenylalanine bio-molecule can self-assemble into tiny peptide nanodots (PNDs) of ∼2 nm size, and can be embedded into metal-oxide-semiconductor devices as charge storage nanounits in non-volatile memory. For that purpose, we first directly observe the crystallinity of a single PND by electron microscopy. We use these nanocrystalline PNDs units for the formation of a dense monolayer on SiO2 surface, and study the electron/hole trapping mechanisms and charge retention ability of the monolayer, followed by fabrication of PND-based memory cell device.
Chitosan Extrusion at High Solids Content: An Orthogonal Experimental Design Study (2014)

For economic reasons and to save time there is a need to shorten the drying operation associated with the production of chitosan materials. Hence it is of interest to extrude chitosan at as high a solids content as possible. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic study of the extrusion of chitosan at high solids content (60 wt%). An orthogonal experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of processing conditions and material factors on the extrudability of chitosan. This, together with the examination of the evenness and surface finish of the extrudate, made it possible to determine the best conditions for obtaining a readily extrudable high quality material. It was observed that a 1/1 ratio of chitosans with molar masses of 12 and 133 kDa, a process liquid containing 30 wt% acetic acid and 70 wt% water, and extrusion at 50 rpm and 50°C were the optimal material and processing conditions. Materials processed under these conditions were evaluated mechanically at different times after extrusion (stored at 50% RH) in order to see when the properties stabilized. Most mass loss occurred within the first three days after extrusion and this governed the mechanical properties (stiffness and extensibility), which also exhibited the largest changes within these three days (an increase in modulus from 18 to 830 MPa and a decrease in elongation at break from 17 to 3%).
Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells (2021)

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a putative cancer stem cell marker, a promising diagnostic and prognostic maker for malignant tumors and a proposed driver gene for gastric cancer (GC). DCLK1 overexpression in a majority of solid cancers correlates with lymph node metastases, advanced disease and overall poor-prognosis. In cancer cells, DCLK1 expression has been shown to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), driving disruption of cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and invasion. Here, we report that DCLK1 influences small extracellular vesicle (sEV/exosome) biogenesis in a kinase-dependent manner. sEVs isolated from DCLK1 overexpressing human GC cell line MKN1 (MKN1<sup>OE</sup> -sEVs), promote the migration of parental (non-transfected) MKN1 cells (MKN1<sup>PAR</sup> ). Quantitative proteome analysis of MKN1<sup>OE</sup> -sEVs revealed enrichment in migratory and adhesion regulators (STRAP, CORO1B, BCAM, COL3A, CCN1) in comparison to MKN1<sup>PAR</sup> -sEVs. Moreover, using DCLK1-IN-1, a specific small molecule inhibitor of DCLK1, we reversed the increase in sEV size and concentration in contrast to other EV subtypes, as well as kinase-dependent cargo selection of proteins involved in EV biogenesis (KTN1, CHMP1A, MYO1G) and migration and adhesion processes (STRAP, CCN1). Our findings highlight a specific role of DCLK1-kinase dependent cargo selection for sEVs and shed new light on its role as a regulator of signaling in gastric tumorigenesis.
Performance characterisation of WCDMA dedicated traffic channels based on node B transmit power and pilot measurements [UMTS] (2004)

The task of this paper is to derive some basic relations between pilot measurements and dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) performance. It has been demonstrated that E/sub c//I/sub 0/ alone does not provide enough information about the performance of dedicated channels. At least the cell load of the node B, expressed by the transmitted signal strength indicator (TSSI), must also be known. For a target cell load, a certain minimal E/sub c//I/sub 0/ is required to provide the quality of service given by the target block error rate (BLER). This value can be derived from the equations stated in the paper and from physical layer simulation results. Also some hints on how this concept can be used in cell planning are given.
Studies of marine macroalgae: saline desert water cultivation and effects of environmental stress on proximate composition. Final subcontract report. [Gracilaria tikvahiae; Ulva lactuca] (1985)

The results presented in this report address the growth potential of marine macroalgae cultivated in desert saline waters, and the effects of certain environmental stresses (e.g., nitrogen, salinity, and temperature) on the proximate composition of several marine macroalgae. Two major desert saline water types were assayed for their ability to support the growth of Gracilaria, Ulva, and Caulerpa. Both water types supported short term growth, but long term growth was not supported. Carbohydrate levels in Gracilaria were increased by cultivation under conditions of high salinity, low temperature, and low nitrogen and phosphorous availability. Data suggests that it may be possible to maximize production of useful proximate constituents by cultivating the algae under optimum conditions for growth, and then holding the resulting biomass under the environmental conditions which favor tissue accumulation of the desired storage products. 16 refs., 21 figs., 19 tabs.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Geldanamycin and (−)-o-Quinogeldanamycin:  Asymmetric Glycolate Aldol Reactions and Biological Evaluation (2003)

The total synthesis of (+)-geldanamycin (GA), following a linear route, has been completed using a demethylative quinone-forming reaction as the last step. Key steps include the use of two new asymmetric boron glycolate aldol reactions. To set the anti-C11,12 hydroxymethoxy functionality, (S,S)-5,6-bis-4-methoxyphenyldioxanone 8 was used. Methylglycolate derived from norephedrine 5 set the C6,7 methoxyurethane stereochemistry. The quinone formation step using nitric acid gave the non-natural o-quino-GA product 55 10:1 over geldanamycin. Other known oxidants gave an unusual azaquinone product 49. o-Quino-GA 55 binds Hsp90 with good affinity but is less cytotoxic compared to GA.
High-voltage-input, low-voltage-output, series-connected converters with uniform voltage distribution (2009)

This paper presents a power system consisting of current-mode, shared-bus converters configured as Series-Input, Parallel-Output (SIPO). These current-mode commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) DC-DC converters transform a 1 kV system input voltage into a 5 V output with up to 500 Watts of power. The SIPO power system provides for system expansion and preserves the standalone converter's efficiency of over 80%. Uniform input voltage distribution control improves power system reliability by distributing thermal stresses equally among the series-connected converters. Furthermore, robust system stability and uniform input voltage distribution among series-connected converters is realized without control conflict. A computer simulation and an experimental 1 kV 500 W prototype were successfully implemented to validate the uniform voltage distribution power converter architecture.
Evolutive Lightpath Assessment in GMPLS-controlled Transparent Optical Networks (2011)

A method to mix impairments estimations and in-field measured data is proposed to evaluate the Quality of Transmission of new lightpaths. It is applied before lightpath establishment and increases the reliability of QoT estimation.
Adipocyte-Specific GH Receptor–Null (AdGHRKO) Mice Have Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity With Reduced Liver Triglycerides (2018)

Global GH receptor-null or knockout (GHRKO) mice have been extensively studied owing to their unique phenotype (dwarf and obese but remarkably insulin sensitive and long-lived). To better understand the influence of adipose tissue (AT) on the GHRKO phenotype, we previously generated fat-specific GHRKO (FaGHRKO) mice using the adipocyte protein-2 (aP2) promoter driving Cre expression. Unlike global GHRKO mice, FaGHRKO mice are larger than control mice and have an increase in white AT (WAT) mass and adipocyte size as well as an increase in brown AT mass. FaGHRKO mice also have an unexpected increase in IGF-1, decrease in adiponectin, no change in insulin sensitivity or liver triglyceride content, and a decreased lifespan. Extensive analysis of the aP2 promoter/enhancer by multiple laboratories has revealed expression in nonadipose tissues, confounding interpretation of results. In the current study, we used the adiponectin promoter/enhancer to drive Cre expression, which better targets mature adipocytes, and generated a new line of adipocyte-specific GHRKO (AdGHRKO) mice. AdGHRKO mice have an increase in adipocyte size and WAT depot mass in all depots except male perigonadal, a WAT accumulation pattern similar to FaGHRKO mice. Likewise, adiponectin levels and WAT fibrosis are decreased in both tissue-specific mouse lines. However, unlike FaGHRKO mice, AdGHRKO mice have no change in IGF-1 levels, improved glucose homeostasis, and reduced liver triglycerides. Thus, AdGHRKO mice should be valuable for future studies assessing the contribution of adipocyte GHR signaling in long-term health and lifespan.
Efficient Induction of Th1-type Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Virus Antigens by DNA Prime-Adenovirus Boost (2005)

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects about 350 million people worldwide, which have a high risk of development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment of chronic HBV infection relies on IFN-α or lamivudine. However, interferon-α is effective in only about 30% of patients. Also, the occurrence of escape mutations limits the usage of lamivudine. Therefore, the development and evaluation of new compounds or approaches are urgent. Methods: We comparatively evaluated DNA and adenoviral vaccines expressing HBV antigens, either alone or in combined regimens, for their ability to elicit Th1-type immune responses in Balb / c mice which are believed to be suited to resolve HBV infection. The vaccines were tested with or without a genetically engineered IL-12 (mIL-12 N220L) which was shown to enhance sustained Th1-type immune responses in HCV E2 DNA vaccine. Results: Considering the Th1-type cytokine secretion and the IgG2a titers, the strongest Th1-type immune response was elicited by the DNA prime-adenovirus boost regimen in the presence of mIL-12 N220L. In addition, the codelivery of mIL-12 N220L modulated differentially the immune responses by different vaccination regimens. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the DNA prime-adenovirus boost regimen in the presence of mIL-12 N220L may be the best candidate for HBV vaccine therapy of the regimens tested in this study and will be worthwhile being evaluated in chronic HBV patients.
Colloidal particles from conventional diagnostic to bionanotechnology applications (2012)

International audience
Antibacterial Effect of Dental Adhesive Containing Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate on the Development of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm (2014)

Antibacterial bonding agents and composites containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) have been recently developed. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial effect of novel adhesives containing different mass fractions of DMADDM on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm at different developmental stages. Different mass fractions of DMADDM were incorporated into adhesives and S. mutans biofilm at different developmetal stages were analyzed by MTT assays, lactic acid measurement, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) staining was used to analyze the inhibitory effect of DMADDM on the biofilm extracellular matrix. Dentin microtensile strengths were also measured. Cured adhesives containing DMADDM could greatly reduce metabolic activity and lactic acid production during the development of S. mutans biofilms (p < 0.05). In earlier stages of biofilm development, there were no significant differences of inhibitory effects between the 2.5% DMADDM and 5% DMADDM group. However, after 72 h, the anti-biofilm effects of adhesives containing 5% DMADDM were significantly stronger than any other group. Incorporation of DMADDM into adhesive did not adversely affect dentin bond strength. In conclusion, adhesives containing DMADDM inhibited the growth, lactic acid production and EPS metabolism of S. mutans biofilm at different stages, with no adverse effect on its dentin adhesive bond strength. The bonding agents have the potential to control dental biofilms and combat tooth decay, and DMADDM is promising for use in a wide range of dental adhesive systems and restoratives.