gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface chemistry and biological pathogenicity of silicates: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study (1996)

We extend our electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis studies of the chemistry of silicates to provide direct surface chemical information on the interactions involved in silicate-induced lung and tissue pathology. A total of five fibrous and non-fibrous silicate minerals, primarily amphiboles, have been studied: anthophyllite, tremolite, cummingtonite, hornblende and actinolite. We have followed the 'inlattice' surface chemistry of these materials and monitored features such as the simultaneous presence of four- and six-coordinate (with respect to oxygen) structural aluminium, and the presence of iron in the M4 octahedral positions. In vitro experiments involving contact of the silicate with cultured murine Ehrlich cells have identified modifications in the surface chemistry of Al, Mg and Fe in the silicates and changes in cellular iron content.
Genetic control of the circulating concentration of transforming growth factor type beta1 (1999)

The concentration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in plasma has been correlated with the development of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and certain forms of cancer. However, the mechanisms that control the concentration of TGF-beta in plasma are poorly understood. In a study of 170 pairs of female twins (average age 57.7 years) we show that the concentration of active plus acid-activatable latent TGF-beta1 [(a+l) TGF-beta therefore is predominantly under genetic control (heritability estimate 0.54). Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) mapping of the TGF-beta1 gene promoter has identified two single base substitution polymorphisms. The two polymorphisms (G-->A at position -800 bp and C-->T at position -509 bp) are in linkage disequilibrium (correlation coefficient Delta = 0.215, P < 0.01). The C-509T polymorphism is significantly associated with the plasma concentration of (a+l) TGF-beta1, explaining 8.2% of the additive genetic variance of (a+l) TGF-beta1 concentration. It is therefore possible that predisposition to atherosclerosis, bone diseases or various forms of cancer may be correlated with the presence of particular alleles at the TGFB1 locus.
FTIR study of the effects of sulfur poisons on NO adsorption on supported copper oxide catalysts (1995)

Infrared spectra are reported of NO adsorbed on alumina-supported copper (II) nitrate which had been calcined in air and evacuated at 583 K. The resulting surface contained Cu+ cation sites and three types of Cu2+ site. The effects of sulfur dioxide and thiophene modification on NO adsorption have been monitored. Sulfur dioxide and thiophene inhibited the adsorption of NO on Cu+ sites. Sulfur dioxide did not inhibit, and thiophene only partially inhibited, NO adsorption on Cu2+ sites in surface spinel and copper(II) oxide species. Comparisons with corresponding data for CO as a probe adsorbate are discussed in relation to the effects of modifier, adsorbate and surface sites on adsorption behaviour.
Biological Relevance and Synthesis of C‐Substituted Morpholine Derivatives (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Delivery of Nanoparticles and Macromolecules across the Blood–Brain Barrier (2019)

Abstract Treatment of brain‐related diseases is challenging due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a hurdle that prevents most foreign matter from entering the brain. While macromolecules and nanoparticles represent an increasing fraction of the therapeutic landscape in general, their limited ability to cross the BBB has hindered their clinical impact in treating diseases of the central nervous system. Here, the various routes for entry of macromolecular therapeutics into the brain are discussed, as well as the methods used to enhance their transport. Particular emphasis is placed on highlighting quantitative trends and mechanistic insights into how the macromolecular transport can be improved, discussing novel enhancement strategies, and identifying areas in need of more detailed investigations. Overall, this review shows several promising advances and continued progress toward a more complete understanding of how macromolecule and nanoparticle design and delivery strategy characteristics can be leveraged to improve the treatment of brain diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of Baccatin III. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gate all around (GAA) strained-silicon-on-nothing (SSON) MOSFETs and evaluation of their strain by nano-beam diffraction (NBD) (2008)

We have developed strained-Si-on-nothing (SSON) MOSFETs with a gate all around (GAA) structure by using selective wet etching and doped poly-Si CVD techniques. The nano-beam diffraction (NBD) method was employed to directly evaluate the strain within the SSON channels. We have demonstrated the enhanced drive current, Id, of the GAA SSON MOSFETs over that of relaxed control MOSFETs.
A Data-Driven Approach of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Control of Unknown Nonlinear Systems (2020)

A novel approach to build a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model of an unknown nonlinear system from experimental data is presented in the paper. The neuro-fuzzy models or, more specifically, fuzzy basis function networks (FBFNs) are trained from input–output data to approximate the nonlinear systems for which analytical mathematical models are not available. Then, the T-S fuzzy models are derived from the direct linearization of the neuro-fuzzy models. The operating points for linearization are chosen using the evolutionary strategy to minimize the global approximation error so that the T-S fuzzy models can closely approximate the original unknown nonlinear system with a reduced number of linearizations. Based on T-S fuzzy models, optimal controllers are designed and implemented for a nonlinear two-link flexible joint robot, which demonstrates the possibility of implementing the well-established model-based optimal control method onto unknown nonlinear dynamic systems.
Group 4 metal complexes of benzynes, cycloalkynes, acyclic alkynes, and alkenes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGroup 4 metal complexes of benzynes, cycloalkynes, acyclic alkynes, and alkenesStephen L. Buchwald and Ralph B. NielsenCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 7, 1047–1058Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00089a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00089a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3090Altmetric-Citations449LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
8-Cl-Adenosine Inhibits Proliferation and Causes Apoptosis in B-Lymphocytes via Protein Kinase A-Dependent and Independent Effects: Implications for Treatment of Carney Complex-Associated Tumors (2009)

8-Cl-ADO in addition to unambiguously inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in a PKA-independent manner also has PKA-dependent effects that are unmasked by a mutant PRKAR1A. Thus, 8-Cl-ADO could serve as a therapeutic agent in patients with Carney complex-related tumors.
The wild-derived inbred mouse strain SPRET/Ei is resistant to LPS and defective in IFN-β production (2006)

Although activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-positive cells is essential for eliminating Gram-negative bacteria, overactivation of these cells by the TLR4 ligand LPS initiates a systemic inflammatory reaction and shock. Here we demonstrate that SPRET/Ei mice, derived from Mus spretus, exhibit a dominant resistance against LPS-induced lethality. This resistance is mediated by bone marrow-derived cells. Macrophages from these mice exhibit normal signaling and gene expression responses that depend on the myeloid differentiation factor 88 adaptor protein, but they are impaired in IFN-beta production. The defect appears to be specific for IFN-beta, although the SPRET/Ei IFN-beta promoter is normal. In vivo IFN-beta induction by LPS or influenza virus is very low in SPRET/Ei mice, but IFN-beta-treatment restores the sensitivity to LPS, and IFN type 1 receptor-deficient mice are also resistant to LPS. Because of the defective induction of IFN-beta, these mice are completely resistant to Listeria monocytogenes and highly sensitive to Leishmania major infection. Stimulation of SPRET/Ei macrophages leads to rapid down-regulation of IFN type 1 receptor mRNA expression, which is reflected in poor induction of IFN-beta-dependent genes. This finding indicates that the resistance of SPRET/Ei mice to LPS is due to disruption of a positive-feedback loop that amplifies IFN-beta production. In contrast to TLR4-deficient mice, SPRET/Ei mice resist both LPS and sepsis induced with Klebsiella pneumoniae.
1310-nm InGaAlAs short-cavity lasers for 10-Gbit/s low-power-consumption transceivers (2006)

An InGaAlAs short-cavity DBR laser enabling 1.3-&#956;m, uncooled, 10-Gbit/s operation at lower drive currents is demonstrated. This laser consists of a short InGaAlAs-MQW active region butt-jointed to an InGaAsP-DBR region. This structure provides moderate chip power, low threshold current, and a large relaxation oscillation frequency simultaneously, because it has an optimum cavity length in the range between 10 and 100 &#956;m, at which both VCSELs and conventional edge-emitters cannot be formed because of their difficulty of manufacture. The fabricated 75-&#956;m short-cavity laser demonstrated 100°C, 10-Gb/s operation at a record low drive current of 14 mA<sub>p-p</sub>. Furthermore, it achieved side-mode suppression ratio of more than 37 dB at a high yield of 95%, because of the naturally high single-mode stability of its short-cavity DBR structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselection in Pinacol Coupling Reactions of C=O and C=N Double Bonds (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Finite-size effects in a sandpile (1991)

We examine how the size of a sandpile can affect the nature of the avalanches occurring on its surface. We propose a simple explantion for why, if a pile is made sufficiently small, the distribution of avalanches changes from what is observed in large systems and give a criterion for how small the pile must be in order for this to happen. This explanation does not support the conclusion that avalanches show self-organized critical behavior. We also present data which indicate that the distributions of avalanches in very narrow sandpiles are qualitatively the same as those found in large piles.
Cladding defects in hollow core fibers for surface mode suppression and improved birefringence (2014)

We demonstrate a novel polarization maintaining hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber geometry that reduces the impact of surface modes on fiber transmission. The cladding structure is modified with a row of partially collapsed holes to strip away unwanted surface modes. A theoretical investigation of the surface mode stripping is presented and compared to the measured performance of four 7-cells core fibers that were drawn with different collapse ratio of the defects. The varying pressure along the defect row in the cladding during drawing introduces an ellipticity of the core. This, combined with the presence of antiresonant features on the core wall, makes the fibers birefringent, with excellent polarization maintaining properties.
Left Atrial Appendage Activity Translation in the Standard 12-Lead ECG (2010)

Prominent left atrial component is present in the majority of standard ECG leads, including those traditionally associated with right atrial activity such as V1. Spectral analysis is able to extract the LAA component on surface ECG.
Correlation of Through-silicon Via (TSV) Dimension Scaling to TSV Stress and Reliability for 3D Interconnects (2016)

Abstract Through-silicon vias (TSVs) are a crucial technology for enabling full three dimensional integration, yet they pose unique reliability risks, including thermal stress buildup due to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the silicon and the copper and the via extrusion phenomena. These effects can degrade device performance and it has been proposed that smaller TSV dimensions will reduce these reliability risks. In this paper, the correlation of shrinking dimensions to TSV stress and reliability is investigated, focusing on the effect of the microstructure on the plasticity and extrusion for 10, 5, and 2 μm diameter copper vias. Synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction revealed local plasticity concentrated in the tops of the vias of all diameters, and showed that the TSV stress behavior seemed to depend on the variations in the grain structure. Electron backscatter diffraction quantified the microstructure to show a tight distribution of grain sizes after the post-plating anneal, but further annealing to 400°C causes considerable data scatter for vias of all diameters. This result is consistent with the observed via extrusion statistics, in which the absolute values and variations in the extrusion heights increased significantly with further annealing. The wafer curvature technique is also used to observe the TSV stress relaxation behavior. Overall, these results suggest that scaling down TSV dimensions may not improve the stress and reliability behavior, particularly after further annealing at 400°C. Since such annealing processes are required for via-middle fabrication, it seems that via reliability will continue to be a challenge as TSV scaling continues.
Thin‐Film Solar Cells and Modules (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Thin-Film Solar Cells and Modules Polycrystalline Thin Film Hydrogenated a-Si, a-Si Alloys, and nc-Si Outlook for Thin-Film Modules Abbreviations References
Panel Summary (2014)

A panel at the New Security Paradigms Workshop (2014) discussed the topic of regulation and licensing of software developers and information security professionals. This included topics of the current state of certification, future possibilities, and challenges associated with new forms of regulation. This paper presents a brief background on the subject, three opinions presented by the panelists, and finally a summary of the discussion which occurred at the workshop, including input from both the panelists and the workshop attendees.
Measurement of theB¯0–B0andB¯s0–Bs0production asymmetries in pp collisions ats=7 TeV (2014)

s production asymmetries, A P (B 0 ) and A P (B 0 s ), are measured by means of a timedependent analysis of B 0 J / K * 0 , B 0 D - + and B 0 s D - s + decays, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 , collected by LHCb in pp collisions at a centreof-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the B 0 and B 0 s mesons within the LHCb acceptance. The production asymmetries, integrated over p T and in the range 4 < p T < 30 GeV/c and 2.5 < < 4.5, are determined to be A P (B 0 ) = (-0.35 0.76 0.28)% and A P (B 0 s ) = (1.09 2.61 0.66)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
Durability of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)- and Polypropylene (PP)-Based Wood-Plastic Composites—Part 1: Mechanical Properties of the Composite Materials (2023)

Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) have shown exceptional promise as a building material, especially for outdoor uses. Using renewable wood fiber as the reinforcing filler in WPCs increases the material’s environmental sustainability. While virgin commodity thermoplastics are primarily used in these composites, using post-consumer plastic further contributes to their sustainability. While they are beginning to be used in the Gulf countries, information on their performance, especially durability under harsh desert climates, is sparse. The present investigation on WPCs is based on the two most popularly used thermoplastics in WPCs, virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP), with the wood content varying between 0 and 36 wt. %. These were prepared with melt processing from a masterbatch and characterized primarily using thermal methods and tensile properties of their injection molded test pieces. Variations in tensile properties, especially the tensile modulus (MPa), the tensile strength (MPa), and the ultimate extensibility (%) of the composite samples were investigated to determine an optimal wood-fiber loading. For either polymer type, exceeding 27 weight percent of wood fiber resulted in unacceptably low ultimate extensibility of the material.
Membrane IgE Binds and Activates FcεRI in an Antigen-Independent Manner (2005)

Interaction of secretory IgE with FcepsilonRI is the prerequisite for allergen-driven cellular responses, fundamental events in immediate and chronic allergic manifestations. Previous studies reported the binding of soluble FcepsilonRIalpha to membrane IgE exposed on B cells. In this study, the functional interaction between human membrane IgE and human FcepsilonRI is presented. Four different IgE versions were expressed in mouse B cell lines, namely: a truncation at the Cepsilon2-Cepsilon3 junction of membrane IgE isoform long, membrane IgE isoform long (without Igalpha/Igbeta BCR accessory proteins), and both epsilonBCRs (containing membrane IgE isoforms short and long). All membrane IgE versions activated a rat basophilic leukemia cell line transfected with human FcepsilonRI, as detected by measuring the release of both preformed and newly synthesized mediators. The interaction led also to Ca(2+) responses in the basophil cell line, while membrane IgE-FcepsilonRI complexes were detected by immunoprecipitation. FcepsilonRI activation by membrane IgE occurs in an Ag-independent manner. Noteworthily, human peripheral blood basophils and monocytes also were activated upon contact with cells bearing membrane IgE. In humans, the presence of FcepsilonRI in several cellular entities suggests a possible membrane IgE-FcepsilonRI-driven cell-cell dialogue, with likely implications for IgE homeostasis in physiology and pathology.
Sendai Virus Fusion Protein-Mediates Simultaneous Induction of MHC Class I/II-Dependent Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses Via the Nasopharyngeal-Associated Lymphoreticular Tissue Immune System (2001)

Nasal administration of Ags using a novel hybrid Ag delivery vehicle composed of envelope glycoproteins of Sendai virus on the surface of liposome membranes (fusogenic liposome) efficiently delivered Ags to Ag-sampling M cells in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue. Additionally, fusogenic liposomes also effectively delivered the Ags into epithelial cells and macrophages in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue and nasal passages. In vitro Ag presentation assays clearly showed that fusogenic liposomes effectively presented encapsulated Ags via the MHC class II-dependent pathway of epithelial cells as well as macrophages. Fusogenic liposomes also have an adjuvant activity against mucosal epithelial cells to enhance MHC class II expression. According to these high delivery and adjuvant activities of fusogenic liposomes, nasal immunization with OVA-encapsulated fusogenic liposomes induced high levels of OVA-specific CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cell responses. Furthermore, Ag-specific CTL responses and Ab productions were also elicited at both mucosal and systemic sites by nasal immunization with Ag-encapsulated fusogenic liposomes. These results indicate that fusogenic liposome is a versatile and effective system for the stimulation of Ag-specific immune responses at both mucosal and systemic compartments.
Algorithms for Managing the Redundancy of Onboard Equipment Complexes of Mobile Objects. Part 2. Paired Arbitration of Computers (2022)

The article solves the problem of operative selection of the redundant onboard equipment complex components configuration of the suitable in the current operating conditionаs in the interests of ensuring high fault tolerance of the complex, as well as achieving other operational and technical characteristics. The basis of the redundancy management system of the complex consists of configuration supervisors — as program subjects according to the number of its competitive configurations of heterogeneous and nonuniform equipment worked out in advance. The choice of the preferred configuration is proposed to be carried out by performing multi-level arbitration, which includes two phases of paired arbitration of computers and paired arbitration of configuration. It is proposed to include the means of both types of arbitration in each configuration supervisor, which ensures its self-sufficiency when participating in a competitive selection. The second part of the article is devoted to the computer’s arbitration for the implementation of redundancy management functions. The approach is applicable to a computing environment with many comparable computing devices and contains 2 phases. In the first phase, a preliminary selection of a competing pair of computers — as applicants for the implementation of redundancy management functions in them is carried out. In the break between the phases, the pair computers implement the procedures for pair arbitration of configurations given in the first part of the article. In the second phase, the final choice of the α-computer is made, in which the supervisor who won the arbitration will be implemented. In order to achieve the maximum possible centralization of selection procedures and, as a consequence, the exclusion of "bottlenecks" in terms of reliability of places, additionally proposed: the organization of secure data exchange between computers based on distributed registry technology; the procedure of paired arbitration of computers, consisting in mutual cross-validation of dominant supervisors of a pre-allocated pair by comparing preference matrices, including information parcels of arbitration objects. A methodological example that demonstrates the features of the system functioning in the conditions of computers degradation is given. The proposed approach can be used to solve the problems of reconfiguration control of heterogeneous computing facilities of technical objects on-board equipment complexes.