gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Steady-State Kinetics of the Oxygenation of Linoleic Acid Catalysed by Soybean Lipoxygenase (1976)

The steady-state kinetics of the oxygenation of linoleic acid catalysed by soybean lipoxygenase-1 were studied. The results showed that lipoxygenase-1 is strongly inhibited by its substrate, linoleic acid. In the presence of the product of the reaction, 13-LS-hydroperoxy-linoleic acid, the substrate inhibition only affects the apparent affinity for O2 and is of a hyperbolic type. A kinetic scheme of the oxygenation reaction is presented, which postulates two substrate-binding sites on the enzyme, one for linoleic acid and one for O2, and a regulatory binding site, which can either bind the product or the fatty acid substrate. Since previous studies indicated that the product of the reaction influences the oxidation state of the iron present in protein, the steady-state kinetics of the native enzyme and of the enzyme pre-incubated with the product were compared. Pre-incubation of the enzyme with the product did not lead to altered steady-state kinetics of the reaction compared to those of the native enzyme.
Distributed Gradient Methods for Nonconvex Optimization: Local and\n Global Convergence Guarantees (2020)

The article discusses distributed gradient-descent algorithms for computing\nlocal and global minima in nonconvex optimization. For local optimization, we\nfocus on distributed stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD)--a simple\nnetwork-based variant of classical SGD. We discuss local minima convergence\nguarantees and explore the simple but critical role of the stable-manifold\ntheorem in analyzing saddle-point avoidance. For global optimization, we\ndiscuss annealing-based methods in which slowly decaying noise is added to\nD-SGD. Conditions are discussed under which convergence to global minima is\nguaranteed. Numerical examples illustrate the key concepts in the paper.\n
Switching-probability distribution of spin-torque switching in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (2011)

The time-evolution of the switching characteristics of spin-torque switching in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) during more than 109 write/read cycles was measured experimentally. In the measurements, the magnetic field and current conditions were chosen to give a switching probability (Psw) of about 0.5, where Psw is most sensitive to changes in the magnetic properties of an MTJ cell. Interestingly, some MTJ cells showed small jumps of Psw, which can be attributed to random transitions between states with slightly different magnetic configurations. Such time-evolution measurement can be used to evaluate the stability of the switching characteristics of memory cells.
Saliency driven total variation segmentation (2009)

This paper introduces an unsupervised color segmentation method. The underlying idea is to segment the input image several times, each time focussing on a different salient part of the image and to subsequently merge all obtained results into one composite segmentation. We identify salient parts of the image by applying affinity propagation clustering to efficiently calculated local color and texture models. Each salient region then serves as an independent initialization for a figure/ground segmentation. Segmentation is done by minimizing a convex energy functional based on weighted total variation leading to a global optimal solution. Each salient region provides an accurate figure/ ground segmentation highlighting different parts of the image. These highly redundant results are combined into one composite segmentation by analyzing local segmentation certainty. Our formulation is quite general, and other salient region detection algorithms in combination with any semi-supervised figure/ground segmentation approach can be used. We demonstrate the high quality of our method on the well-known Berkeley segmentation database. Furthermore we show that our method can be used to provide good spatial support for recognition frameworks.
Design of a Firewire based data acquisition system for use in animal PET scanners (2002)

The University of Washington is building two different animal PET imaging systems-one optimized for mice and one for larger animals. To support both of these systems, our laboratory is designing and building a data acquisition system based on the IEEE 1394a (Firewire) serial bus standard. This bus standard currently allows up to 63 devices per bus with an overall bandwidth of 400 megabits per second transfer rate. The acquisition system is based on a layered electronics design (analog, digital, and transport) for each detector module. The analog card processes signals from the photomultiplier tube (4 to 64 signals depending on the scanner system). The digital board includes circuitry to digitize the analog signals, latch a clock word used for determining coincidence timing, and logic for a coarse timing window. The digitized data is then latched into the Firewire transport card which adds the detector module number and type to the data block. All of the data is collected event by event (list mode) with a Macintosh computer. Initial analysis indicates that the expected count rates for our animal systems can be accommodated with a Firewire based system. The current design makes no assumptions about the geometry of the system. The different scanner designs can all use the same transport card and only require different analog and digital cards as needed for the number of signals being processed. The advantages of a data acquisition system based on the 1394a standard include considerable flexibility in the design of animal PET imaging systems and taking advantage of inexpensive, but powerful desktop computers with a consumer interface that has been developed for high speed data transfer.
Initial Clinical Results of a Novel Immuno-PET Theranostic Probe in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Breast Cancer (2020)

This prospective study evaluated the imaging performance of a novel pretargeting immunologic PET (immuno-PET) method in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-positive metastatic breast cancer, compared with CT, bone MRI, and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-three patients underwent whole-body immuno-PET after injection of 150 MBq of <sup>68</sup>Ga-IMP288, a histamine-succinyl-glycine peptide given after initial targeting of a trivalent anti-CEA, bispecific, antipeptide antibody. The gold standards were histology and imaging follow-up. Tumor SUVs (SUV<sub>max</sub> and SUV<sub>mean</sub>) were measured, and tumor burden was analyzed using total tumor volume and total lesion activity. <b>Results:</b> The total lesion sensitivity of immuno-PET and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET were 94.7% (1,116/1,178) and 89.6% (1,056/1,178), respectively. Immuno-PET had a somewhat higher sensitivity than CT or <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET in lymph nodes (92.4% vs. 69.7% and 89.4%, respectively) and liver metastases (97.3% vs. 92.1% and 94.8%, respectively), whereas sensitivity was lower for lung metastases (48.3% vs. 100% and 75.9%, respectively). Immuno-PET showed higher sensitivity than MRI or <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET for bone lesions (95.8% vs. 90.7% and 89.3%, respectively). In contrast to <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET, immuno-PET disclosed brain metastases. Despite equivalent tumor SUV<sub>max</sub>, SUV<sub>mean,</sub> and total tumor volume, total lesion activity was significantly higher with immuno-PET than with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET (<i>P</i> = 0.009). <b>Conclusion:</b> Immuno-PET using anti-CEA/anti-IMP288 bispecific antibody, followed by <sup>68</sup>Ga-IMP288, is a potentially sensitive theranostic imaging method for HER2-negative, CEA-positive metastatic breast cancer patients and warrants further research.
Ecohydrologically important subsurface structures in peatlands revealed by ground‐penetrating radar and complex conductivity surveys (2008)

The surface pattern of vegetation influences the composition and humification of peat laid down during the development of a bog, producing a subsurface hydrological structure that is expected to affect both the rate and pattern of water flow. Subsurface peat structures are routinely derived from the inspection of peat cores. However, logistical limits on the number of cores that can be collected means that the horizontal extent of these structures must be inferred. We consider whether subsurface patterns in peat physical properties can be mapped in detail over large areas with ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and complex conductivity by comparing geophysical measurements with peat core data along a 36 m transect through different microhabitats at Caribou Bog, Maine. The geophysical methods show promise. Peat horizons produced radar reflections because of changes in the volumetric moisture content. Although these reflections could not be directly correlated with the peat core data, they were related to the depth‐averaged peat properties which varied markedly between the microhabitats. Well‐decomposed peat below a hollow was characterized by a discontinuous sequence of chaotic wavy reflections, while distinct layering of the peat below an area of hummocks coincided with a pattern of parallel planar reflections. The complex conductivity survey showed spatial variation in the real and imaginary conductivities which resulted from changes in the pore water conductivity; peat structures may also have influenced the spatial pattern in the complex conductivity. The GPR and complex conductivity surveys enabled the developmental history of the different microhabitats along the studied transect to be inferred.
Solution‐Processed, Molecular Photovoltaics that Exploit Hole Transfer from Non Fullerene, n‐Type Materials (2014)

Adv. Mater. 2014, 25, 4313–4319 In the above article the following citations have to be added on page 2, line 1 after “TI” in the following sentence:
A Method for Envelope Warping in Digital Audio Synthesis (1991)

The use of stored envelope functions is common to many audio signal synthesis techniques. This table lookup method is Susceptible to audible defects in the synthesized output if care is not taken in the design of the synthesis algorithm, particularly when the rate at which values from the envelope table are accessed is to vary with time. A useful strategy is presented for altering the effective lookup rate for a stored envelope function in order to minimize audible discontinuities between envelope segments with differing lookup rates. The approach creates a smooth warping of the stored envelope function by forcing the envelope lookup index (the envelope phase) to vary according to a cubic polynomial function with matched transitions from envelope segment to segment. PAPERS 0 INTRODUCTION sical pitch, intensity), a small collection of representative envelopes is determined and modified in such a Digital audio synthesis methods must strike a balance way as to simulate the desired behavior of the instrument between computation speed and memory requirements, for a particular musical context specified by the com-
Optical Crossbar Switch with Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (1993)

Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have a number of attractive properties for use in photonic switches. SOAs offer nanosecond switching times, extinction ratios in excess of 40 dB, and small signal gains of approximately 15 dB. In addition they can be monolithically integrated, and thus can potentially be fabricated in volume and used in large switch matrices. Here we report on our recent demonstration of an 8×8 optical crossbar switch based upon discrete SOAs. Other authors [1-3] have reported on SOA-based optical switches at the device level. Our work focuses on the demonstration of the technology at the system level. This demonstration is a significant step towards the widespread use of SOA-based optical switches because it provides a testbed for exploring and identifying the relationships between device parameters and system performance requirements. A block diagram of the optical crossbar switch is shown in Figure 1. The switch is constructed in a modular fashion and consists of optical, digital, analog, and computer modules. Figure 2 shows a photograph of the completed optical crossbar switch.
Renal corticomedullary metabolite gradients during graded arterial occlusion (1991)

In order to investigate the role of the outer medulla in acute ischemic renal failure (Epstein FH, Balaban RS, Ross BD: Redox state of cytochrome aa3 in isolated perfused rat kidney. Am J Physiol 1982;243: F356-F363), the distribution of ATP in the in vivo porcine kidney and its relationship to Na transport and to ischemia was examined by using localized 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Renal cortex (ATP) was higher than medulla. Reduction in Na transport produced by partial renal arterial occlusion ("hypofiltration"), resulted in a 13% increase in the ATP/Pi ratio of the whole kidney (from 2.61 +/- 0.26 to 2.96 +/- 0.27; P less than 0.03). This increase was accounted for by a statistically significant increase in (ATP) in the cortex, with medulla contributing to an insignificant extent. Further occlusion of the renal artery to reduce GFR to zero ("hypoperfusion") resulted in a 70% fall in ATP/Pi ratio. (ATP) was reduced most in the cortex, but pH fell equally in cortex and medulla. After release of arterial occlusion, cortical ATP recovered less completely than medulla ATP. Intracellular pH and Pi were restored in both cortex and medulla. It was concluded that cortex and medulla contribute equally to the pattern of disordered energy metabolism in acute renal failure. Sparing of ATP during hypofiltration may reflect the reduced energy requirements of active Na transport.
Beam-steering array for handheld devices targeting 5G (2015)

In this paper, we present an array design for an implementation of a mobile terminal targeted for the fifth generation mobile communication network (5G). The design has a compact low loss array element printed on a low loss dielectric. To obtain a back lobe radiation, the ground plane is etched under the array elements and a parasitic scatterer is used to manipulate the gain pattern of the dipole in order to improve the peak gain. The array is placed on the top edge of the PCB in an 8 element array configuration. The design is evaluated using simulations and the simulated realized gain is 11.6 dBi at boresight, the array has a bandwidth of 1 GHz around 28 GHz with a good beam steering characteristics. About 80% of all the achievable angles for the incoming power distribution are covered with a gain better than 5 dB. Noteworthy is that a fine resolution of 15 degrees steps have been chosen for the phase shifters in the beamforming network.
Nanoparticle Scattering for Multijunction Solar Cells: The Tradeoff Between Absorption Enhancement and Transmission Loss (2016)

This paper contains a combined experimental and simulation study of the effect of Al and AlInP nanoparticles on the performance of multijunction (MJ) solar cells. In particular, we investigate oblique photon scattering by the nanoparticle arrays as a means of improving thinned subcells or those with low diffusion lengths, either inherently or due to radiation damage. Experimental results show the feasibility of integrating nanoparticle arrays into the antireflection coatings of commercial InGaP/InGaAs/Ge solar cells, and computational results show that nanoparticle arrays can improve the internal quantum efficiency via optical path length enhancement. However, a design that improves the external quantum efficiency of a state-of-the-art cell has not been found, despite the large parameter space studied. We show a clear tradeoff between oblique scattering and transmission loss and present design principles and insights into how improvements can be made.
Solar thermophotovoltaic energy conversion systems with tantalum photonic crystal absorbers and emitters (2013)

We investigated the performance of solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) systems with 2D tantalum (Ta) PhCs using thermophotovoltaic experiments and a high-fidelity thermal electrical system-level model. The experimental data obtained with 1D PhCs matched the predicted results within experimental uncertainty. The model predicts that the absorber-to-electrical efficiency of a planar STPV consisting of an optimized 2D Ta PhC absorber/emitter and current state of the art InGaAsSb PV cell with a tandem filter can be as high as ~10% at an irradiation flux of ~130 kW/m2. This work offers a framework and guidelines to improve the performance of both PhCs and overall STPV systems.
ultrasensitive spectroscopy based on photonic waveguides on Al2O3/SiO2 platform (2018)

Here a photonic waveguide on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> platform is proposed to cover the 240~320 nm wavelength-range, which is of paramount significance in protein and nuclei acid quantification. Our optical waveguide increases path-length and overlap integration for light-matter interaction with proteins. The proposed system detects one order less proteins concentration as low as 12.5 &mu;g/ml compared with NanoDrop<sup>TM</sup> that detects &lt;125 &mu;g/ml. Also, a linear absorbance change up to protein concentration of 7500 &mu;g/ml is experimentally attained which is based on the Beer-Lambert-law.
The helical antenna for the capsule endoscope (2005)

In this paper, a helical antenna for a capsule endoscope is designed. To encase the system in a small capsule module and to obtain omni-directional radiation pattern for detecting the transmitted signal independent of the transmitter positions, and to obtain wide bandwidth, a small sized normal mode helical antenna whose end is connected to the ground is designed. The diameter and the height of the helix are 8 mm and 5.6 mm, respectively. Measured results show that the antenna has 32 MHz bandwidth for VSWR<2, and an omni-directional radiation pattern.
Identification and Classification of Physiologically Significant Pumping States in an Implantable Rotary Blood Pump (2006)

In a clinical setting it is necessary to control the speed of rotary blood pumps used as left ventricular assist devices to prevent possible severe complications associated with over- or underpumping. The hypothesis is that by using only the noninvasive measure of instantaneous pump impeller speed to assess flow dynamics, it is possible to detect physiologically significant pumping states (without the need for additional implantable sensors). By varying pump speed in an animal model, five such states were identified: regurgitant pump flow, ventricular ejection (VE), nonopening of the aortic valve over the cardiac cycle (ANO), and partial collapse (intermittent and continuous) of the ventricle wall (PVC-I and PVC-C). These states are described in detail and a strategy for their noninvasive detection has been developed and validated using (n = 6) ex vivo porcine experiments. Employing a classification and regression tree, the strategy was able to detect pumping states with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity: state VE-99.2/100.0% (sensitivity/specificity); state ANO-100.0/100.0%; state PVC-I- 95.7/91.2%; state PVC-C-69.7/98.7%. With a simplified binary scheme differentiating suction (PVC-I, PVC-C) and nonsuction (VE, ANO) states, both such states were detected with 100% sensitivity.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 4-Trifluoroacetyl-3-phenylsydnone (2017)

4-Trifluoroacetyl-3-phenylsydnone was first synthesized by trifluoromethylation of 4-formyl-3-phenylsydnone followed by oxidation of the corresponding trifluoromethyl alcohol.The structure of the product was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis.Mesoionic compounds are five-membered heterocycles with a sextet of electrons and can be represented as hybrids of a number of mesoionic/ionic forms (polar structures). 1 Amongst the many possible members of this family of compounds, 1,3-oxazolium-5-olates (münchnones, 1), 1,3-thiazolium-5-olates (thiomünchnones, 2) and 1,2,3-oxadiazolium-5-olates (sydnones, 3) have long attracted significant attention from a wide variety of research areas due to its interesting structure and physicochemical properties (Figure 1).
Thermisch induzierte C-H-Aktivierung mit einem 14-Elektronen-Komplex: Synthese und Molekülstruktur von [IrHCl(C6H5)(PiPr3)2] (1986)

Die intermolekulare C-H-Aktivierung von Benzol gelingt mit dem bei Raumtemperatur stabilen Komplex 2; ein “heiß”, kurzlebiges Teilchen [MLn]ist nicht erforderlich. Die Hydrido(phenyl)-Verbindung 4, die neben 3 als Hauptprodukt aus 2 und Benzol entsteht, hat trigonal-bipyramidale Struktur. 4 reagiert mit H2 bereits bei 25°C spontan zu 3 und Benzol (L=PiPr3).
Induction of Histamine Release from Non-Immunized Guinea Pigs: A Possible Involvement of Lectin-Like Factor(s) in Pollinosis (1996)

To investigate nonimmune pathogenic functions of pollens, vascular permeability enhancement (VPE) activity of pollen extracts was examined using guinea pigs nonimmunized against pollens. Ryegrass, ragweed, mesquite and almond, but not common cattail and sumac, induced VPE which was inhibited primarily by an anti-histamine drug. Ryegrass pollen VPE activity was extracted more at pH 7.3 than at pH 6.5 or 8.0 and the maximal activity was extracted in 30 min. Interestingly, more than 60% of the maximal activity was extracted in 5 min. The maximal VPE activity had a dose-dependency similar to histamine (3 x 10(-5) M) but lasted longer than the histamine activity. The VPE activity was inhibited by oligomannose-glycosylated ovalbumin or avidin, as well as the oligosaccharides but not by the deglycosylated proteins. These results indicate that some pollens contain lectin-like, histamine-releasing factor(s), which may be involved in part in pollinosis, by inducing mast cell degranulation through a nonimmune mechanism and resulting in allergy-like symptoms.
Localization of Antibody-Forming Cells in Draining Lymphoid Organs During Long-Term Maintenance of the Antibody Response (1986)

Previous studies on the "spontaneous antibody response" have included in vitro steps and it is possible that the response is an in vitro artifact. The objective of the present study was to induce a spontaneous antibody response entirely in vivo and determine if the response is localized and if the magnitude of the response is related to the location of persisting antigen. Antigen was injected into the right hind footpads of mice, and lymph nodes on the right side were draining and lymph nodes on the left side were controls. Antibody-forming cells (AFCs) were enumerated in both draining and nondraining nodes 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year after secondary immunization. Four days prior to determining AFC number, the mice were severely bled to stimulate AFC production. Thousands of AFCs were found in the draining lymph nodes and the numbers were dramatic in nodes closest to the injection site that retain the most antigen. In contrast, the vast majority of nondraining nodes lacked any AFCs. One year after immunization, the response was almost exclusively in the popliteal node, draining the foot where antigen was administered a year earlier. These results are consistent with previous data on the spontaneous response and support the hypothesis that antigen retained on FDCs is essential in the maintenance of serum antibody levels.