gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfasalazine or enteral diets containing fish oil or oligosaccharides attenuate chronic colitis in rats (1996)

: Recent studies have suggested that n-3 fatty acids from fish oil (FO) as well as short-chain fatty acids may attenuate some of the gut injury and inflammationassociated ulcerative colitic (UC). The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the antiinflammatory activity of sulfasalazine (SAZ), a drug known to be effective in the treatment of human UC in a model of chronic granulomatous colitis in rats and (b) determine whether enteral diets supplemented with either FO or two indigestible oligosaccharides (fructooligosaccharide, FOS; xylooligosaccharide, XOS) could attenuate the inflammation observed in a model of chronic granulomatous colitis. In one series of experiments, female Lewis rats were randomized into three groups consisting of a sham-operated control group, a colitic group, and a colitic group in which rats were given oral sulfasalazine (SAZ) immediately after induction of colitis and continued for 3 weeks. Chronic granulomatous colitis with liver and spleen inflammation was induced by subserosal (intramural) injection of purified peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG/PS) into the distal colon. Sham-operated rats were injected with human serum albumin. All rats received standard lab chow. In a second series of experiments, female Lewis rats were randomized into six groups consisting of four colitic groups fed enteral diets, a colitic group fed chow, and a sham-operated group fed a control enteral diet. Enteral diets (300 kcal/kg/day) contained either FO, FOS/ gum arabic, XOS/gum arabic, or no bioactive ingredient (control diet). All rats were fed for 1 week before induction of colitis. Rats consumed the diets for 3 additional weeks before being killed. SAZ significantly attenuated the PG/PS-induced increases in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as significantly reduced the PG/PS-induced increases in liver and spleen weights. Control (enteral diet) as well as the FO and XOS diets significantly attenuated the increase in colon weight when compared with chow-fed rats. We also found that the FO and XOS diets significantly attenuated the PG/PS-induced increases in colonic MPO activity and colon weight. The FOS and XOS diets significantly attenuated the PG/PS-induced increases in liver weights when compared with PG/PS + chow-fed animals. The antiinflammatory activity of these diets was confirmed by means of histological inspection showing an inhibition of inflammation and maintenance of crypt cell integrity. These results demonstrate that a complete enteral diet supplemented with either FO, FOS, or XOS exhibited antiinflammatory activity that was similar in efficacy to the known antiinflammatory drug SAZ in this model of colitis.
A Multi-Stage Hybrid Scheduler for Codebook-Based Precoding System (2008)

Significant throughput gains can be obtained in multi-user wireless system by exploiting the combination of multi-user scheduling in media access control (MAC) layer and MIMO spatial multiplexing using precoding in physical (PHY) layer. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage hybrid scheduling scheme for codebook-based precoding system, which applies different scheduling methods at different scheduling stages for selecting user equipments (UEs). In detail, we employ different scheduling algorithms when the appropriate UE or UE sets are selected within the same precoding vector, within the same precoding matrix, and within the codebook, respectively, so that we could finely adjust the balance between capacity and fairness. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme effectively fills the performance gap between pure maximum carrier-to-interference (C/I) power ratio and pure proportional fairness (PF) methods, and provides an important means at the MAC layer to lever between aggregate cellular throughput and geometry-specific per-user fairness, in order to meet the requirements of more precise quality of service (QoS) provision for future mobile communication systems.
A Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase-Derived Iron(III) Complex from the Pathogenic FungusAspergillus fumigatus (2013)

Small molecules (SMs) play central roles as virulence factors of pathogenic fungi and bacteria; however, genomic analyses suggest that the majority of microbial SMs have remained uncharacterized. Based on microarray analysis followed by comparative metabolomics of overexpression/knockout mutants, we identified a tryptophan-derived iron(III)-complex, hexadehydro-astechrome (HAS), as the major product of the cryptic has nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Activation of the has cluster created a highly virulent A. fumigatus strain that increased mortality of infected mice. Comparative metabolomics of different mutant strains allowed to propose a pathway for HAS biosynthesis and further revealed cross-talk with another NRPS pathway producing the anticancer fumitremorgins.
Binocular Combination of Second-Order Stimuli (2014)

Phase information is a fundamental aspect of visual stimuli. However, the nature of the binocular combination of stimuli defined by modulations in contrast, so-called second-order stimuli, is presently not clear. To address this issue, we measured binocular combination for first- (luminance modulated) and second-order (contrast modulated) stimuli using a binocular phase combination paradigm in seven normal adults. We found that the binocular perceived phase of second-order gratings depends on the interocular signal ratio as has been previously shown for their first order counterparts; the interocular signal ratios when the two eyes were balanced was close to 1 in both first- and second-order phase combinations. However, second-order combination is more linear than previously found for first-order combination. Furthermore, binocular combination of second-order stimuli was similar regardless of whether the carriers in the two eyes were correlated, anti-correlated, or uncorrelated. This suggests that, in normal adults, the binocular phase combination of second-order stimuli occurs after the monocular extracting of the second-order modulations. The sensory balance associated with this second-order combination can be obtained from binocular phase combination measurements.
SIZ1 is a nuclear host target of the nematode effector GpRbp1 from Globodera pallida that acts as a negative regulator of basal plant defense to cyst nematodes (2019)

Abstract Soil-borne cyst nematodes are obligatory sedentary parasites that cause severe losses to cultivation of major crops such as potato and soybean. Cyst nematodes establish specialised permanent feeding sites within the roots of their host by manipulating plant morphology and physiology through secreted effectors. Here we identified host targets of effector GpRbp-1 and studied their roles in plant-nematode interactions. GpRbp-1 was found to interact in yeast and in planta with the potato and Arabidopsis homologues of Siz/PIAS-type E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1. Our results show that a pathogen effector targets the master regulator SIZ1 in plant cells, which has not been demonstrated earlier to our knowledge. The interaction of GpRbp-1 and SIZ1 localizes to the plant nucleus, suggesting that the nuclear functions of SIZ1 as regulator of plant immunity and physiology may be modulated by GpRbp-1. Furthermore, nematode infection assays and transcriptomic profiling indicate that SIZ1 is required for susceptibility to cyst nematodes. So, these data indicate that E3 SUMO ligases may play an important role in plant-nematode interactions. Based on the prediction of SUMO acceptor and interaction sites in GpRbp-1, a model is proposed in which the effector may recruit SIZ1 to be SUMOylated for full functionality in host cells. Significance statement Here we show that a pathogen effector can target SIZ1, a key protein involved in regulating several aspects of plant biology, most likely to manipulate the SUMOylation of host proteins for successful infection of plants.
Supplementary Table 1 from Anagrelide for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. The outlier mRNA expression profiles of the gene tissue index (GTI) outlier analysis. The list of 2415 outlier genes in GIST is ranked by the gene tissue index.&lt;/p&gt;
Ada Compiler Validation Capability: Long Range Plan. (1980)

The objective of the Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC) is to determine to what extent an Ada compiler conforms to the Ada Standard. The purpose of this Report is to describe planned validation capabilities, their relation to other standardization activities, and our planned development approach. The ACVC is being developed under a three phase contract. The periods of performance and principal objectives of each Phase are: Phase 1 (25 September 1979 through 1 October 1980) -- to produce a baseline set of validation tests, tools needed to support validation activities, and procedures for using the tests and tools; Phase 2 (2 October 1980 through 1 October 1981) -- to increase test set coverage while maintaining the baseline capability; and Phase 3 (2 October 1981 through 1 April 1982) -- to develop new validation approaches that attack difficult validation problems not fully solved in the earlier Phases. In addition, validation capabilities provided in earlier Phases will be updated and maintained. Additional keywords: Computer program documentation; Ada programming language.
Prolyl-tRNA synthetase as a novel therapeutic target in multiple myeloma (2023)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterised by aberrant production of immunoglobulins requiring survival mechanisms to adapt to proteotoxic stress. We here show that glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (GluProRS) inhibition constitutes a novel therapeutic target. Genomic data suggest that GluProRS promotes disease progression and is associated with poor prognosis, while downregulation in MM cells triggers apoptosis. We developed NCP26, a novel ATP-competitive ProRS inhibitor that demonstrates significant anti-tumour activity in multiple in vitro and in vivo systems and overcomes metabolic adaptation observed with other inhibitor chemotypes. We demonstrate a complex phenotypic response involving protein quality control mechanisms that centers around the ribosome as an integrating hub. Using systems approaches, we identified multiple downregulated proline-rich motif-containing proteins as downstream effectors. These include CD138, transcription factors such as MYC, and transcription factor 3 (TCF3), which we establish as a novel determinant in MM pathobiology through functional and genomic validation. Our preclinical data therefore provide evidence that blockade of prolyl-aminoacylation evokes a complex pro-apoptotic response beyond the canonical integrated stress response and establish a framework for its evaluation in a clinical setting.
Anhydrous Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Pristine Electrochemically Active GeS Nanosheets (2018)

Germanium sulfide (GeS) is an emerging layered material with high promise in its two-dimensional (2D) exfoliated form for energy storage applications. While liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) has been utilized for the low-cost, scalable production of related 2D materials, it has not yet been demonstrated for GeS nanosheets due to its chemical instability in ambient conditions. Here, GeS LPE is achieved in anhydrous N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone using a customized sealed-tip sonication system, yielding sub-10 nm thick GeS nanosheets that are structurally pristine with minimal chemical degradation as revealed by atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Lithium-ion battery anodes based on these high-quality GeS nanosheets possess superlative electrochemical performance including high cycling stability over 1000 cycles and high rate capability in excess of 10 A g–1. Overall, this work establishes a scalable LPE pathway for the production of pristine electrochemically active GeS nanosheets that are well-suited for high-power lithium-ion battery applications.
Personalized Service Composition for Ubiquitous Multimedia Delivery (2005)

Digital multimedia has gained popularity due to the huge success of the Internet. Users acquire and disseminate multimedia information using different types of devices and communication channels. On the other hand, personal devices, such as laptops, PDAs and smart phones, are not only capable of producing and rendering multimedia, but also support associated computing and communication tasks. However, there is a lack of support for ensuring automated, continuous access to multimedia in the presence of dynamicity and heterogeneity. Pervasive computing concepts can be effectively employed to provide anytime anywhere multimedia support to users over heterogeneous wireless environments. We present a novel approach to support adaptive services for multimedia delivery in heterogeneous wireless networks. The service adaptation and composition mechanism exploits middleware tools developed for pervasive information communities of software agents. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme through an intuitive scenario, and present our prototype results.
Engineering the substrate specificity of xylose isomerase (2005)

Xylose isomerase (XI) catalyzes the isomerization and epimerization of hexoses, pentoses and tetroses. In order to clarify the reasons for the low reaction efficiency of a pentose sugar, L-arabinose, we determined the crystal structure of Streptomyces rubiginosus XI complexed with L-arabinose. The crystal structure revealed that, when compared with D-xylose and D-glucose, L-arabinose binds to the active site in a partially different position, in which the ligand has difficulties in binding the catalytic metal M2. Lys183 has been thought to stabilize the open substrate conformation by hydrogen bonding to oxygen O1. Our results with L-arabinose showed that the substrate stays in a linear form even without a hydrogen bond between Lys183 and oxygen O1. We engineered mutations to the active site of Actinoplanes missouriensis XI to improve the reaction efficiency with L-arabinose. The mutation F26W was intended to shift the position of oxygen O1 of L-arabinose closer to the catalytic metal M2. This effect of F26W was modeled by free energy perturbation simulations. In line with this, F26W increased 2-fold the catalytic efficiency of XI with L-arabinose; the increase was seen mainly in kcat. The mutation Q256D was outside the sphere of the catalytic residues and probably modified the electrostatic properties of the active site. It improved 3-fold the catalytic efficiency of XI with L-arabinose; this increase was seen in both Km and kcat. This study showed that it is possible to engineer the substrate specificity of XI.
Offline Reconfigurability Based Substation Converter Sizing for Hybrid AC–DC Distribution Links (2020)

Hybrid ac-dc distribution systems with multiple parallel operating ac and dc links are being developed to maximize system capacity during (n-1) contingencies. This paper shows that offline reconfigurability between such ac and dc links post-fault clearance allows an additional design flexibility of reducing the required substation converter rating to maintain the same required capacity by maximizing the utilization of healthy infrastructure. The associated variation of system capacity with power rating and number of substation converters is determined for different types of component faults. It is discussed that while converter downsizing is possible, as a consequence the parallel ac-dc link system is forced to operate at a sub-optimal efficiency during normal conditions. Using case studies, the economics of this trade-off is quantified for determining the optimal de-rating factor for varying grid voltage, link length, and conductor area.
Generalized Step-Down Switched-Capacitor Converter Under ZCS for Photovoltaic Applications (2018)

Resonant switched-capacitor converters (SCCs) are being increasingly used in energy conversion systems due to their low cost, low weight, and high efficiency. The zero-current switching (ZCS) feature of an SCC, which can be achieved at a switching frequency below the resonant frequency, not only results in soft switching and, hence, low switching losses, but also reduces the electromagnetic interference caused by the converter. This paper proposes a cascaded step-down SCC (CSD-SCC) with an arbitrary number of converter stages and an exponential output-to-input voltage ratio. This SCC reduces the number of required converter stages for a low voltage conversion ratio and has a low ripple in the output voltage. A mathematical study is proposed to analyze the operating modes of this generalized CSD-SCC under ZCS operation. This study also enables the calculation of the output voltage, the output voltage ripple, and the efficiency for different switching frequencies and loads. The proposed analysis is validated via several simulation and experimental case studies, including a photovoltaic energy conversion system. The experimental CSD-SCC has two converter stages with an efficiency higher than 95%.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of New Chiral Auxiliaries for the Stereoselective Nucleophilic Addition to α‐Alkoxy Aldehydes: A Remarkable Remote Protecting Group Effect. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Signal‐to‐noise ratio and signal‐to‐noise efficiency in SMASH imaging (1999)

A general theory of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH) imaging is presented, and the predictions of the theory are verified in imaging experiments and in numerical simulations. In a SMASH image, multiple lines of k-space are generated simultaneously through combinations of magnetic resonance signals in a radiofrequency coil array. Here, effects of noise correlations between array elements as well as new correlations introduced by the SMASH reconstruction procedure are assessed. SNR and SNR efficiency in SMASH images are compared with results using traditional array combination strategies. Under optimized conditions, SMASH achieves the same average SNR efficiency as ideal pixel-by-pixel array combinations, while allowing imaging to proceed at otherwise unattainable speeds. The k-space nature of SMASH reconstructions can lead to oscillatory spatial variations in noise standard deviation, which can produce local enhancements of SNR in particular regions. Magn Reson Med 41:1009–1022, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Amyloid Aggregation of Bacillus circulans Xylanase under Native Conditions and its Modulation by β‐Amyloid‐Derived Peptide Fragments (2018)

The aggregation of intrinsically disordered proteins into fibrils is implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid aggregation is a generic property of proteins as evidenced by globular proteins that often form amyloid aggregates under partially denaturing conditions. Recently, multiple lines of evidence have suggested that the amyloid aggregation of globular proteins can also occur under native conditions. Unfortunately, amyloid aggregation under native conditions has been demonstrated in only a handful of cases. Engineering a globular protein's amyloid aggregation might benefit from its fusion to an amyloid-derived fragment with reduced aggregation propensity. Unfortunately, the impacts of such fragments on the amyloid aggregation under native conditions have yet to be examined. In this study, we show that a globular protein, Bacillus circulans xylanase (BCX), can aggregate to form amyloid fibrils under native conditions. When BCX was mixed with or fused to the non-self-aggregating fragments, KLVFWAK and ELVFWAE-which were derived from β-amyloid (Aβ)-they modulated the BCX amyloid aggregation to differing extents. This study also provides insight into a correlation between the kinetic stability and amyloid aggregation of BCX, and supports a view that Aβ-derived fragments can be useful for the modulating amyloid aggregation of some, though not all, proteins.
Development of low read noise high conversion gain CMOS image sensor for photon counting level imaging (2016)

A CMOS image sensor with deep sub-electron read noise and high pixel conversion gain has been developed. Its performance is recognized through image outputs from an area image sensor, confirming the capability of photoelectroncounting- level imaging. To achieve high conversion gain, the proposed pixel has special structures to reduce the parasitic capacitances around FD node. As a result, the pixel conversion gain is increased due to the optimized FD node capacitance, and the noise performance is also improved by removing two noise sources from power supply. For the first time, high contrast images from the reset-gate-less CMOS image sensor, with less than 0.3e<sup>−</sup> <sub>rms</sub> noise level, have been generated at an extremely low light level of a few electrons per pixel. In addition, the photon-counting capability of the developed CMOS imager is demonstrated by a measurement, photoelectron-counting histogram (PCH).
Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Carbide Composites (2006)

Single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/SiC composites were successfully prepared by direct thermal decomposition of polycarbosilane (PCS) precursor. The SWCNT/SiC composites were prepared by the hot‐pressing the SWCNTs‐PCS (7:3 mass%) mixture at temperatures of 1000, 1400 and 1800°C under a pressure of 120 MPa. The effects of SiC synthesis and processing temperatures on the mechanical properties of the resultant composites were investigated by comparing the experimental data obtained from the SWCNT/SiC composites and the binder‐free SWCNT solids. The XRD and TEM‐EDS analyses revealed that the β‐SiC was successfully prepared through direct thermal decomposition of PCS precursor. The specific modulus and strength of the SWCNT/SiC composites were always about 8 GPa/Mg/m3 and 20 MPa/Mg/m3 higher than those of the binder‐free SWCNT solid under identical processing temperatures. Such remarkable stiffening and strengthening by SiC synthesis may be due to the load‐transfer efficiency of SWCNTs in the SWCNT/SiC composites.