gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carobomer Based Controlled Release Designs of Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets Evaluated Using Quality by Design (QbD) Approach (2017)

The study carried out here was focused on developing conventional monolithic controlled release matrix tablet of Atorvastatin calcium using carbomer as release controlling polymer. This system ensures the drug release at the alkaline pH region where the drug has got maximum solubility. Further the study was concentrated on comparing the impact of gelling agent polyvinyl pyrrolidone on drug release. Quality by design tools were considered during formulation development and the polymer concentrations were optimized adopting the statistical tool, design of experiments (DoE). The optimized formulation of present study exhibited desired controlled drug release characteristics in the alkaline pH conditions and at acidic environment the drug dissolution was minimal as intended.
DISTILL (2022)

Many database systems offer index tuning tools that help automatically select appropriate indexes for improving the performance of an input workload. Index tuning is a resource-intensive and time-consuming task requiring expensive optimizer calls for estimating the cost of queries over potential index configurations. In this work, we develop low-overhead techniques that can be leveraged by index tuning tools for reducing a large number of optimizer calls without making changes to the tuning algorithm or to the query optimizer. First, index tuning tools use rule-based techniques to generate a large number of syntactically-relevant indexes; however, a large proportion of such indexes are spurious and do not lead to a significant improvement in the performance of queries. We eliminate such indexes much earlier in the search by leveraging patterns in the workload, without making optimizer calls. Second, we learn cost models that exploit the similarity between query and index configuration pairs in the workload to efficiently estimate the cost of queries over a large number of index configurations using fewer optimizer calls. We perform an extensive evaluation over both real-world and synthetic benchmarks, and show that given the same set of input queries, indexes, and the search algorithm for exploration, our proposed techniques can lead to a median reduction in tuning time of 3X and a maximum of 12X compared to state-of-the-art tuning tools with similar quality of recommended indexes.
Precise determination of piezoelectric longitudinal charge coefficients for piezoelectric thin films assisted by finite element modeling (2013)

A determination method to identify the piezoelectric longitudinal charge coefficient d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> for thin films on substrate is presented. Finite Element (FE) simulations and measurements at PZT on bulk silicon show correlations of the substrate characteristics and electrode size subject to the displacement of an electric actuated piezoelectric material. FE models are used to identify the d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> independent of the substrate and electrode characteristic. Thereby the piezoelectric longitudinal charge coefficient of 1.1 μm PLD deposited Pb(Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.48</sub> )O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PZT) is calculated d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> = 272.5 pm/V and a small standard deviation of σ = 4 pm/V for different sample geometries is analyzed.
Heterogeneity of the motility responses in malignant tumor cells: A biological basis for the diversity and homing of metastatic cells (1990)

Tumor metastasis requires highly motile cells that can respond to appropriate stimuli. A2058 human melanoma cells were shown previously to secrete a highly potent autocrine motility factor (AMF) that stimulates chemokinetic movement. We have shown that the insulin polypeptides (IPs; insulin-like growth factors I and II [IGF-I, -II] and insulin) stimulated A2058 cell chemotaxis and chemokinesis. We now report that the IPs and AMF stimulate locomotion in other human malignant cell lines. Insulin (100 nM) induced motility of up to 50% of the magnitude of the AMF response in human carcinoma lines MDA-231 (breast), T24 (bladder), and OVCAR3 (ovarian). The tumorigenic and metastatic 5R Haras-transfected rat embryo fibroblast cell line responded to insulin with both chemotaxis and chemokinesis and was 100% of that seen for AMF. The ED50 for IGF-I in the carcinoma cell lines was in the order of I nM, but the magnitude of the responses at this concentration was 40% of the AMF-stimulated response, with the exception of the A2058 cells, which were maximally stimulated at I nM. IGF-II induced maximal motility of 75 to 130% of the AMF-stimulated response in the carcinoma lines with ED50 of less than or equal to 10 nM. IGF-II-stimulated motility in the carcinoma lines was predominantly chemotactic by modified checkerboard analysis. Cell pretreatment with pertussis toxin inhibited 90-100% of AMF-induced motility, whereas migration to the IPs was not pertussis toxinsusceptible. In growth studies, IGF-I induced mitogenesis up to 140% of basal media control growth. In general, maximal growth stimulation was seen at 100 nM IGF-I, and optimal migration was seen at 10 nM IGF-I. The IGFs are secreted by normal stroma in a number of organs that are common sites for primary and metastatic disease. Therefore, we suggest that IPs may be important homing and mitogenic signals for tumor cells in the process of invasion and metastasis and that the differential motility stimulation and respective mechanisms of action by these physiologically important agents may underlie the diversity of the metastatic process.
Evaluation of a generic header compression protocol (2008)

Header Compression is a widely used technique in wireless and satellite communications. The main drawback of this technique is to weaken the transmission against bit error&#13;\nor packet losses. Indeed, corruption or loss of an header can lead to a failure to decompress subsequent packets and then to a loss of connection. Consequently, parameters of the header compression system should be carefully designed. In this paper, we first review the main header compression standards for both unidirectional and bidirectional links. Then, we build a generic header compression model, encompassing parameters and techniques that are widely used in these protocols. Applying this model to specific contexts, we draw some lessons for the use of header compression.
A Broadband S/SSTDR-VNA for Energized Circuits (2021)

We propose the use of the Spectral Time Domain Reflectometry (STDR) and Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR) methods as a substitute for a vector network analyzer (VNA) to extract complex impedance and S-parameters. S/SSTDR can be used on energized systems, opening up opportunities for new test capabilities of real time measurements on functioning systems from near-DC through higher frequencies. This test modality also opens up the opportunity to test multiple channels simultaneously by using multiple uncorrelated PN codes. This could prove useful in applications such as medical imaging (MRI or microwave imaging), where scans between many antennas are combined to create the image.
ACR appropriateness criteria® nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (2016)

The American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment. Here, we present the Appropriateness Criteria for cancers arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses). This includes clinical presentation, prognostic factors, principles of management, and treatment outcomes. Controversies regarding management of cervical lymph nodes are discussed. Rare and unusual nasal cavity cancers, such as esthesioneuroblastoma and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas, are included. © 2016 American College of Radiology. Head Neck, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 407-418, 2017.
Grating resonances in air–silica microstructured optical fibers (1999)

We report what is believed to be the first demonstration of optical fiber gratings written in photonic crystal fibers. The fiber consists of a germanium-doped photosensitive core surrounded by a hexagonal periodic air-hole lattice in a silica matrix. The spectra of these gratings allow for a detailed characterization of the fiber. In particular, the gratings facilitate coupling to higher-order leaky modes. We show that the spatial distribution and the effective index of these modes are determined largely by the design of the lattice and that the grating spectra are unaffected by the refractive index surrounding the fiber. We describe these measurements and corresponding simulations and discuss their implications for the understanding of such air-hole structures.
A System for Recommending Tags of Images Using Co-Occurrence of Tags and Similar Images (2009)

In this paper, we propose a system for recommending tags of images. The proposed method presents to its user various tags with high precision by taking into account both the co-occurrence of tags and tags of similar images. Additional search with the user feedback enables us to find some new tags relevant to the image of interest. In order to test the proposed method, we compare it with a method based only on the co-occurrence of tags, as well as a method based only on the similarity of images. From the experimental results using 16002 images, we have confirmed that the proposed method is capable of finding more tags as compared to the methods for comparison. We have also confirmed that the additional search is effective to find additional tags.
Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization of Conjugated Aminodienes Catalyzed by Organolanthanoid Complexes. Scope, Diastereo‐ and Enantioselectivity, and Reaction Mechanism. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of velocity distributions in an ultrasonically vibrated granular bed (2014)

We report the results of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging experiments on granular beds of mustard grains fluidized by vertical vibration at ultrasonic frequencies. The variation of both granular temperature and packing fraction with height was measured within the three-dimensional cell for a range of vibration frequencies, amplitudes and numbers of grains. Small increases in vibration frequency were found--contrary to the predictions of classical 'hard-sphere' expressions for the energy flux through a vibrating boundary--to result in dramatic reductions in granular temperature. Numerical simulations of the grain-wall interactions, using experimentally determined Hertzian contact stiffness coefficients, showed that energy flux drops significantly as the vibration period approaches the grain-wall contact time. The experiments thus demonstrate the need for new models for 'soft-sphere' boundary conditions at ultrasonic frequencies.
Comparison of Two Strategies to Reduce Ventricular Pacing in Pacemaker Patients (2008)

MVP resulted in a greater reduction in%VP than SAV+ across all patient groups except persistent third-degree AV block. The greatest reduction in%VP was observed in patients with mildly impaired AV conduction.
Droop mitigation using critical-path sensors and an on-chip distributed power supply estimation engine in the z14™ enterprise processor (2018)

Enterprise server processor designs, which operate at extreme high frequencies and power envelopes, depend critically on power supply noise mitigation techniques. With supply voltage scaling, very high current draws, and broad usage of clock gating, advanced solutions are needed for next-generation products to minimize droop mitigation response time, which can be defined as the latency from when a dangerous droop begins until a countermeasure is effective.
Experimental Determination of Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) by Gas/Oil IFT Measurements for a Gas Injection EOR Project (2010)

Abstract Reliable knowledge of minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) plays a key role in the design and implementation of any miscible gas injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project. Various theoretical methods but few experimental methods are available for confidently determining the MMP at reservoir conditions using actual reservoir fluids. The present experimental study reports on the determination of minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) for recombined live oil with 99.9% pure CO2 at reservoir temperature using the vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) technique. VIT technique relies on the measurements of gas/oil interfacial tension (IFT) at several pressures and reservoir temperature. MMP is then obtained by extrapolation of the measured data to zero interfacial tension. In the present study, IFT between two recombined live oil samples and CO2 was measured at reservoir temperature of 289°F and at several pressures above the bubble point pressure of 2593 psia using the pendant drop method and the capillary rise technique. The pressure was then increased in steps to approach a near zero gas/oil IFT condition. The MMP that corresponds to the pressure of zero IFT was obtained by extrapolating the measured values of gas/oil IFT to zero on IFT versus pressure plot. Such extrapolation yielded MMPs of 3533 psia and 3543 psia for the two recombined live oil samples. This study was conducted to aid in the implementation of a proposed miscible CO2 flood in a newly discovered oil field in Mississippi by comparing the results of an independently conducted equation-of-state (EOS) modeling study based on vanishing tie-line method. Measured VIT-MMP was slightly lower (~4%) compared to the EOS-estimated dispersion-free MMP (3685 psia). This experimental study reinforces the use of VIT technique as a robust experimental method for determining the MMP and its possible use to validate the EOS models for using them in compositional simulation studies.
Cytoreductive surgery in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the UCLA experience. (1996)

We assessed the role of cytoreductive surgery in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) selected for interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based immunotherapy. Sixty-three consecutive newly diagnosed patients with metastatic RCC were treated at our institution between April, 1990 and October, 1994. The patients were selected based on their ability to undergo a radical nephrectomy and to receive a combination of interleukin-2 and interferon alfa (IFN-alpha). The mean age was 58.7 years (range, 34-74 years). All but one patient had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and presented with metastatic disease and locally advanced primary tumors. All patients successfully underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy, but 6 patients (10%) required concomitant resection of caval thrombus, 3 (5%) required partial hepatectomy, 2 (3%) needed duodenal repairs, and 1 (2%) required a splenectomy. Postoperative complications were observed in 8 patients (12.7%). There were no postoperative mortalities. Seven patients (11%) could not undergo immunotherapy because of myocardial infarctions (n = 2), no growth of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (n = 1), deterioration of performance status (n = 1), transient ischemic attack (n = 1), chronic renal failure (n = 1), and a diagnosis other than RCC (n = 1). Overall, 56 of 63 (88%) patients selected underwent immunotherapy. Among these 56 patients, a response rate of 33.9% [7 (12.5%) complete, and 12 (21.4%) partial] was observed. Moreover, the 2- and 3-year survival rates were 43% and 38%, respectively. Our results support the argument for an aggressive approach (surgery combined with IL-2-based immunotherapy including TILs) in the management of metastatic RCC. Further studies are needed to elucidate the individual contributions of these therapeutic processes.
Bio-inspired nanocomposite assemblies as smart skin components. (2011)

There is national interest in the development of sophisticated materials that can automatically detect and respond to chemical and biological threats without the need for human intervention. In living systems, cell membranes perform such functions on a routine basis, detecting threats, communicating with the cell, and triggering automatic responses such as the opening and closing of ion channels. The purpose of this project was to learn how to replicate simple threat detection and response functions within artificial membrane systems. The original goals toward developing 'smart skin' assemblies included: (1) synthesizing functionalized nanoparticles to produce electrochemically responsive systems within a lipid bilayer host matrices, (2) calculating the energetics of nanoparticle-lipid interactions and pore formation, and (3) determining the mechanism of insertion of nanoparticles in lipid bilayers via imaging and electrochemistry. There are a few reports of the use of programmable materials to open and close pores in rigid hosts such as mesoporous materials using either heat or light activation. However, none of these materials can regulate themselves in response to the detection of threats. The strategies we investigated in this project involve learning how to use programmable nanomaterials to automatically eliminate open channels within a lipid bilayer host when 'threats' are detected. We generated and characterized functionalized nanoparticles that can be used to create synthetic pores through the membrane and investigated methods of eliminating the pores either through electrochemistry, change in pH, etc. We also focused on characterizing the behavior of functionalized gold NPs in different lipid membranes and lipid vesicles and coupled these results to modeling efforts designed to gain an understanding of the interaction of nanoparticles within lipid assemblies.
Label-free high-sensitivity (bio)sensing with silicon structures and systems at the micro and nanoscale (2021)

When dealing with sensing of (bio)molecules the length scale of targets may vary over more than 2 orders of magnitude moving from elementary ions and molecules (0.1 to 1 nm) to complex proteins and virus (1 to 100 nm). A number of technologies have been proposed to prepare fluidic structures and systems with length scales enabling an effective interaction with the specific molecular target. Among these, electrochemical micro and nano structuring of silicon is increasingly attracting attention at research level for biosensing and microfluidics. In this talk, state-of-the-art research on silicon nano-micro structures and systems prepared by electrochemical etching for high-sensitivity (bio)sensing, among which, interferometers for ultra-high-sensitivity ion measurements in water, optical platforms for point-of-care clinical diagnostics, drop-and-measure photonic crystal systems for in-field optical biosensing, microneedles for transdermal biosensing, is presented and discussed.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics
The Parkinson's disease protein α-synuclein disrupts cellular Rab homeostasis (2007)

alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn), a protein of unknown function, is the most abundant protein in Lewy bodies, the histological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). In yeast alpha-syn inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi (ER-->Golgi) vesicle trafficking, which is rescued by overexpression of a Rab GTPase that regulates ER-->Golgi trafficking. The homologous Rab1 rescues alpha-syn toxicity in dopaminergic neuronal models of PD. Here we investigate this conserved feature of alpha-syn pathobiology. In a cell-free system with purified transport factors alpha-syn inhibited ER-->Golgi trafficking in an alpha-syn dose-dependent manner. Vesicles budded efficiently from the ER, but their docking or fusion to Golgi membranes was inhibited. Thus, the in vivo trafficking problem is due to a direct effect of alpha-syn on the transport machinery. By ultrastructural analysis the earliest in vivo defect was an accumulation of morphologically undocked vesicles, starting near the plasma membrane and growing into massive intracellular vesicular clusters in a dose-dependent manner. By immunofluorescence/immunoelectron microscopy, these clusters were associated both with alpha-syn and with diverse vesicle markers, suggesting that alpha-syn can impair multiple trafficking steps. Other Rabs did not ameliorate alpha-syn toxicity in yeast, but RAB3A, which is highly expressed in neurons and localized to presynaptic termini, and RAB8A, which is localized to post-Golgi vesicles, suppressed toxicity in neuronal models of PD. Thus, alpha-syn causes general defects in vesicle trafficking, to which dopaminergic neurons are especially sensitive.