gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operation of the ballbot on slopes and with center-of-mass offsets (2015)

The ballbot is a human sized, dynamically stable mobile robot that balances on a single, spherical wheel. The current framework for navigation and control makes the assumption that the robot is operating on a level surface without any center-of-mass offset; however, in practice, such a dynamically stable robot has to be able to successfully navigate sloped surfaces and with such offsets. This work develops the equations of motion for the ballbot system on a sloped surface with a center-of-mass offset. The equilibria of this system are analyzed, and a compensation strategy is formulated that allows the ballbot to operate in the presence of slopes and center-of-mass offsets. This work also develops estimation algorithms for slope and center-of-mass offset angles during station-keeping and trajectory following. Results for compensation and estimation are demonstrated experimentally.
Photoluminescence and radiation response properties of Ce3+-doped CsCaCl3crystalline scintillator (2016)

In this paper, we report on the photoluminescence and scintillation properties of a newly developed CsCaCl3:Ce (0.5 mol%) crystalline scintillator grown by the vertical Bridgman method. The fluorescence quantum efficiency for the Ce3+ characteristic emission bands centered at around 350–400 nm was 76% under excitation at 330 nm light. The photoluminescence decay time of the Ce3+ was approximately 32 ns. When x-ray excited the crystal, intense emission bands were observed at 350–400 nm, and could be attributed to the Ce3+ emission. The scintillation light yield of the developed crystal was ∼7600 ph MeV−1 compared to a NaI:Tl commercial scintillator, and the principal scintillation decay time was approximately 340 ns plus two fast components of around 1.6 ns and 45 ns.
The comparison of different methods of etiologic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (2012)

The aim of our study was to compare different laboratory methods of the CAP etiological factor identification. 30 patients (20 male and 10 female) with non-severe CAP were enrolled in the study (50,5±3,4 years). We have performed: microbiological test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based study of induced sputum and peripheral blood samples, serologic tests to evaluate the level of IgM and IgG antibodies to C.pneumoniae and M.pneumoniae in peripheral blood. Results: With all laboratory tests the etiologic agents were determined in 76,7 % of cases, mostly of S.pneumoniae. In sputum there were 30 positive results in PCR and 19 - in microbiological study. PCR study of sputum revealed in 10 patients monobacterial flora, 5 - bacterial mixture, 4 - virus-bacterial mixture while in microbiological study in all 19 patients there was monobacterial flora. The frequency of S.pneumoniae was comparable both in the PCR study, and in microbiological studies (46.6%). Frequency of K.pneumoniae and H.influenzae identification was the highest in the PCR study of sputum (13.3 and 26,7%). In PCR study of sputum M.pneumoniae was detected in 6,7%, C.pneumoniae was not found. Serological tests have revealed IgM antibodies to M.pneumoniae in 20% of patients, C.pneumoniae in 13.3% of patients. Conclusion: PCR study is the most efficient method of etiological diagnostics of the CAP, and reflects the complex etiological picture compared to microbiological study. Serological tests with specific IgM detection are the efficient methods of etiologic diagnosis in CAP caused by atypical pathogens. Thus the combination of different methods of etiologic diagnostics is the most appropriate way for non-severe CAP.
Sim2Real for Soft Robotic Fish via Differentiable Simulation (2022)

Accurate simulation of soft mechanisms under dynamic actuation is critical for the design of soft robots. We address this gap with our differentiable simulation tool by learning the material parameters of our soft robotic fish. On the example of a soft robotic fish, we demonstrate an experimentally-verified, fast optimization pipeline for learning the material parameters from quasi-static data via differentiable simulation and apply it to the prediction of dynamic performance. Our method identifies physically plausible Young's moduli for various soft silicone elastomers and stiff acetal copolymers used in creation of our three different robotic fish tail designs. We show that our method is compatible with varying internal geometry of the actuators, such as the number of hollow cavities. Our framework allows high fidelity prediction of dynamic behavior for composite bi-morph bending structures in real hardware to millimeter-accuracy and within 3% error normalized to actuator length. We provide a differentiable and robust estimate of the thrust force using a neural network thrust predictor; this estimate allows for accurate modeling of our experimental setup measuring bollard pull. This work presents a prototypical hardware and simulation problem solved using our differentiable framework; the framework can be applied to higher dimensional parameter inference, learning control policies, and computational design due to its differentiable character.
Release of periplasmic enzymes and other physiological effects of β‐lactamase overproduction in Escherichia coli (1988)

When Escherichia coli containing the plasmid ptac11 is induced with 10(-4) M isopropyl-beta-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), 90% of the beta-lactamase activity of an overnight culture is present in the medium. The high extracellular activity of beta-lactamase does not result from cell lysis but from an increase in the permeability of the outer membrane. The excreting cells release several other periplasmic enzymes into the extracellular fluid and are more sensitive to lysis by detergents. It was also shown that in these cells the level of two membrane proteins, OmpA and OmpC, is decreased. None of these phenomena were observed with the plasmid pDW17, which has a mutation in the tac promoter that reduces its activity to one fourth of the tac promoter.
Generative Conversational Networks (2021)

Inspired by recent work in meta-learning and generative teaching networks, we propose a framework called Generative Conversational Networks, in which conversational agents learn to generate their own labelled training data (given some seed data) and then train themselves from that data to perform a given task. We use reinforcement learning to optimize the data generation process where the reward signal is the agent's performance on the task. The task can be any language-related task, from intent detection to full task-oriented conversations. In this work, we show that our approach is able to generalise from seed data and performs well in limited data and limited computation settings, with significant gains for intent detection and slot tagging across multiple datasets: ATIS, TOD, SNIPS, and Restaurants8k. We show an average improvement of 35% in intent detection and 21% in slot tagging over a baseline model trained from the seed data. We also conduct an analysis of the novelty of the generated data and provide generated examples for intent detection, slot tagging, and non-goal oriented conversations.
Photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscopy (2022)

Interferometric scattering microscopy is a newly emerging alternative to fluorescence microscopy in biomedical research and diagnostic testing due to its ability to detect nano-objects such as individual proteins, extracellular vesicles, and virions individually through their intrinsic elastic light scattering. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, we developed photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscopy (PRISM) in which a photonic crystal (PC) resonator is used as the sample substrate. The scattered light is amplified by the PC through resonant near-field enhancement, which then interferes with the &lt;1% transmitted light to create intensity contrast. Importantly, the scattered photons assume the wavevectors defined by PC’s photonic band structure, resulting in the ability to utilize a non-immersion objective without significant loss at illumination density as low as 25 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. We demonstrate virus and protein detection, including highly selective capture and counting of intact pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 from saliva with sensitivity equivalent to conventional nucleic acid tests. The results showcase the promise of nanophotonic surfaces in the development of resonance-enhanced interferometric microscopies, and as a single step, room temperature, and rapid viral detection technology.
Yeah, Chuck It! = > Dynamic , Controllable Interface Mapping (2005)

ChucK is a programming language for real-time sound synthesis. It provides generalized audio abstractions and precise control over timing and concurrency - combining the rapid-prototyping advantages of high-level programming tools, such as Pure Data, with the flexibility and controllability of lower-level, text-based languages like C/C++. In this paper, we present a new time-based paradigm for programming controllers with ChucK. In addition to real-time control over sound synthesis, we show how features such as dynamic patching, on-the-fly controller mapping, multiple control rates, and precisely-timed recording and playback of sensors can be employed under the ChucK programming model. Using this framework, composers, programmers, and performers can quickly write (and read/debug) complex controller/synthesis programs, and experiment with controller mapping on-the-fly.
Mechanisms for PACAP-induced prolactin gene expression in grass carp pituitary cells (2017)

In mammals, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic hormone with diverse functions but its role in prolactin (PRL) regulation is highly controversial. To shed light on Prl regulation by PACAP in fish model, grass carp pituitary cells was used as a model to examine the receptor specificity and signal transduction for PACAP modulation of <i>prl</i> gene expression in the carp pituitary. Using RT-PCR, PACAP-selective PAC1 receptor was detected in carp lactotrophs. In carp pituitary cells, nanomolar doses of PACAP, but not VIP, could elevate Prl secretion and protein production with concurrent rise in <i>prl</i> mRNA and these stimulatory effects were blocked by PACAP antagonist but not VIP antagonist. PACAP-induced <i>prl</i> mRNA expression could be mimicked by activating adenylate cyclase (AC), increasing cAMP level by cAMP analog, or increasing intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]i) by Ca<sup>2+</sup> ionophore/voltage-sensitive Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel (VSCC) activator. PACAP-induced <i>prl</i> gene expression, however, was attenuated/abolished by suppressing cAMP production, inhibiting PKA activity, blocking [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]i mobilization and VSCC activation, calmodulin (CaM) antagonism, and inactivation of JNK and CaM Kinase II (CaMK-II). Similar sensitivity to CaM, JNK, and CaMK-II blockade was also noted by substituting cAMP analog for PACAP as the stimulant for <i>prl</i> mRNA expression. These results, as a whole, provide evidence for the first time that (i) PACAP activation of PAC1 receptor expressed in carp lactotrophs could induce Prl synthesis and secretion, and (ii) Prl production induced by PACAP was mediated by upregulation of <i>prl</i> gene expression, presumably via functional coupling of cAMP/PKA-, Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-, and MAPK-dependent cascades.
A novel in-situ resistance measurement to extract IMC resistivity and kinetic parameter for CoSn 3D stacks (2017)

Cobalt based UBM (under bump metallization) has the advantages of less UBM consumption, single and ductile IMC (intermetallic compound)) and no Kirkendall voids formation which makes it interesting for 3D stacking specially in fine pitch microbumps. In this paper for first time the electrical properties of Co-Sn IMC and kinetics of IMC growth are investigated by in-situ resistance measurement. Extracted parameters are verified by conventional cross section SEM analysis. This technique has the advantages of being non-destructive, quick and accurate measurement for any UBM and solder materials for 3D applications.
Relationships between phytoplankton thin layers and the fine-scale vertical distributions of two trophic levels of zooplankton (2013)

Thin layers of phytoplankton are well documented, common features in coastal areas globally, but little is known about the relationships of these layers to higher trophic levels. We deployed the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) to simultaneously quantify the three trophic levels of plankton, including phytoplankton, primary consumers (copepods and appendicularians) and secondary consumers (gelatinous zooplankton). Over a 2-week sampling period, phytoplankton thin layers, primarily composed of Pseudo-nitzschia spp., were common on two of the five sampling days. Imagery showed copepods aggregating in zones of lower chlorophyll-a fluorescence, while appendicularians were more common at greater depths and higher chlorophylla levels. All gelatinous zooplankton generally increased in abundance with depth. Bolinopsis spp. ctenophores underwent a 'bloom,' and they were the only species observed to aggregate within phytoplankton thin layers. The vertical separation between copepods, phytoplankton and gelatinous zooplankton suggests that copepods may use the surface waters as a predation refuge, only performing short migrations into favorable feeding zones where gelatinous predators are much more abundant. Thin layers containing dense diatom aggregates obstruct light reaching deeper waters (.10 m), which may allow gelatinous zooplankton to avoid visual predation as well as improve the effectiveness of contact predation with copepod prey.
DNA Promoter Hypermethylation of p16 and APC Predicts Neoplastic Progression in Barrett's Esophagus (2009)

Hypermethylation of both p16 and APC strongly predicts progression to high-grade dysplasia or cancer in patients with BE. Absence of p16 and APC hypermethylation is associated with a benign course.
Supervised color constancy using a color chart (2018)

Abstract: "One of the key problems in machine vision is color constancy: the ability to match object colors in images taken under different colors of illumination. This is a difficult problem because the apparent color will depend upon the spectral reflectance function of the object and the spectral distribution function of the incident light, both of which are generally unknown. Methods to solve this problem use a small number of basis functions to represent the two functions, and some sort of reference knowledge to allow the calculation of the coefficients. Most methods have the weakness that the reference property may not actually hold for all images, or will have too little information to recover enough of the functions to make an accurate determination of what the color should be.We have developed a method for color constancy that uses a color chart of known spectral characteristics to give stronger reference criteria, and with a large number of colors to give enough information to calculate the illuminant to the desired degree of accuracy. We call this approach s╠Çupervised color constancy' since the process is supervised by a picture of a known color chart. We present here two methods for computing supervised color constancy, one using least squares estimation, the other using a neural network.We show experimental results for the supervised calulation of the spectral power distribution of an unknown illuminant. Once this has been calculated, the color of any object with known reflectance can be reliably predicted. We are developing an extension to allow the prediction of color appearance for an object whose spectral reflectance function is not known. We also propose a method of i╠Çncremental color constancy' which determines object color by repeated application of supervised color constancy under changing illumination."
A keyphrase based approach to interactive meeting summarization (2008)

Rooted in multi-document summarization, maximum marginal relevance (MMR) is a widely used algorithm for meeting summarization (MS). A major problem in extractive MS using MMR is finding a proper query: the centroid based query which is commonly used in the absence of a manually specified query, can not significantly outperform a simple baseline system. We introduce a simple yet robust algorithm to automatically extract keyphrases (KP) from a meeting which can then be used as a query in the MMR algorithm. We show that the KP based system significantly outperforms both baseline and centroid based systems. As human refined KPs show even better summarization performance, we outline how to integrate the KP approach into a graphical user interface allowing interactive summarization to match the user's needs in terms of summary length and topic focus.
Active-interrogation measurements of induced-fission neutrons from low-enriched uranium (2012)

Protection and control of nuclear fuels is paramount for nuclear security and safeguards; therefore, it is important to develop fast and robust controlling mechanisms to ensure the safety of nuclear fuels. Through both passive- and active-interrogation methods we can use fast-neutron detection to perform real-time measurements of fission neutrons for process monitoring. Active interrogation allows us to use different ranges of incident neutron energy to probe for different isotopes of uranium. With fast-neutron detectors, such as organic liquid scintillation detectors, we can detect the induced-fission neutrons and photons and work towards quantifying a sample’s mass and enrichment. Using MCNPX-PoliMi, a system was designed to measure induced-fission neutrons from U-235 and U-238. Measurements were then performed in the summer of 2010 at the Joint Research Centre in Ispra, Italy. Fissions were induced with an associated particle D-T generator and an isotopic Am-Li source. The fission neutrons, as well as neutrons from (n, 2n) and (n, 3n) reactions, were measured with five 5” by 5” EJ-309 organic liquid scintillators. The D-T neutron generator was available as part of a measurement campaign in place by Padova University. The measurement and data-acquisition systems were developed at the University of Michigan utilizing a CAEN V1720 digitizer and pulse-shape discrimination algorithms to differentiate neutron and photon detections. Low-enriched uranium samples of varying mass and enrichment were interrogated. Acquired time-of-flight curves and cross-correlation curves are currently analyzed to draw relationships between detected neutrons and sample mass and enrichment. In the full paper, the promise of active-interrogation measurements and fast-neutron detection will be assessed through the example of this proof-of-concept measurement campaign. Additionally, MCNPX-PoliMi simulation results will be compared to the measured data to validate the MCNPX-PoliMi code when used for active-interrogation simulations.
Galcetin - 3 and Cardiorenal Disease (2017)

Galectin-3 is a 32- to 35-kDa member of the galectin family of b-galactoside-binding lectins, which is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain. Through its carbohydrate-binding function, it regulates cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. It also plays a complex, context-dependent role in the kidneys. During the development, it promotes nephrogenesis and is strongly expressed in the ureteric bud and its derivatives. An increase in the concentration of galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with fibrosis of the kidneys. Elevated levels of plasma galectin-3 are also associated with increased risks of rapid renal function decline, incident chronic kidney disease, and progressive renal impairment, and also with cardiovascular endpoints, infection, and all-cause mortality in patients with renal function impairment. This review discusses a general survey on galectin-3 expressions in nephrogenesis, kidney injury in animal models, clinical renal diseases, and renal transplantation and the potential role of galectin-3 for treatment in kidney disease.&nbsp;(Cardionephrology)
Session 12 Overview RF building blocks (2009)

In the past few years, there has been a large interest in wideband reconfigurable receiver architectures and building blocks where several bands or applications can be simultaneously covered with optimum use of hardware. Several examples of software-defined radios (SDRs) have demonstrated such capabilities. Large out-of-band blocker suppression, low-noise and low-distortion capability, and wideband operation remain among the biggest issues. Particularly, low-noise amplifiers, down-conversion mixers, and frequency- generation circuits are among the most interesting RF building blocks that have evolved significantly to address such challenges. Lower power consumption, smaller size, higher integration and a smaller number of external components, along with wider bandwidth are the main driving factors for innovative architectures and circuits. The low cost and high level of integration available in CMOS makes it the most appropriate technology for such challenging designs.
A 0.18&#x00B5;m CMOS SoC for a 100m-range 10fps 200&#x00D7;96-pixel time-of-flight depth sensor (2013)

A number of potentially low-cost time-of-flight (ToF) 3D image sensors aiming at consumer electronics applications have recently appeared in CMOS. Diffused-light sensors taking advantage of SPAD pixels, conventional and pinned-photodiode lock-in pixels demonstrate centimeter-ranging performance in distances of typically up to 6m, and with the exception of, under low background light (BG) conditions. In those approaches, however, performance tends to rapidly deteriorate in severe BG conditions, such as outdoors, and long-distance ranges have yet to be reported. Another common limitation is their inability to cope with multi-echo target environments. Higher optical signal-to-background ratio (SBR), and hence better performance, is typically achieved by laser-scanning approaches, e.g. employing polygonal or MEMS mirrors. With the emerging need for high-resolution light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technologies in advanced driving-assistance systems (ADAS), we introduce an SoC that performs time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) and complete DSP for a 100m-range ToF sensor. The chip provides the system-level electronics with a serial and low-bit-rate digital interface for: multi-echo distance, distance reliability, intensity, and BG-only intensity, thus mitigating system-level complexity and cost.
Renal Effects of Bumetanide (1981)

Upon administration of bumetanide in normal human subjects, both glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were increased, in approximately proportional amounts. Sodium excretion rose to 16 per cent of filtered load, whereas there was a chloriuresis of 23 per cent. During maximal water diuresis, the drug caused an increase in urine flow rate associated with a rise in osmolal clearance and no change in solute-free water clearance. Intravenous injection of the drug during hypertonic saline infusion into hydropenic subjects resulted in the virtual abolition of water abstraction from the collecting duct. The drug caused a modest increase in phosphate excretion but no change in the percentage of filtered bicarbonate excreted. Furthermore, neither urinary pH nor net hydrogen ion excretion was altered by the drug. The data suggest that bumetanide has its major action in the loop of Henle but that it also inhibits sodium transport in the proximal tubule. In addition, the nature of the proximal action does not appear to be related to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effect. These latter observations regarding the proximal action of the drug were verified by micropuncture studies performed in the dog.