gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiologic responses to exchange transfusion with hemoglobin vesicles as an artificial oxygen carrier in anesthetized rats (1996)

Hemoglobin vesicles have an oxygen transporting capability almost equivalent to rat red blood cells and can be considered as a potential artificial oxygen carrier.
Moonlighting of Haemophilus influenzae heme acquisition systems contributes to the host airway-pathogen interplay in a coordinated manner (2019)

Nutrient iron sequestration is the most significant form of nutritional immunity and causes bacterial pathogens to evolve strategies of host iron scavenging. Cigarette smoking contains iron particulates altering lung and systemic iron homeostasis, which may enhance colonization in the lungs of patients suffering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by opportunistic pathogens such as nontypeable. NTHi is a heme auxotroph, and the NTHi genome contains multiple heme acquisition systems whose role in pulmonary infection requires a global understanding. In this study, we determined the relative contribution to NTHi airway infection of the four heme-acquisition systems HxuCBA, PE, SapABCDFZ, and HbpA-DppBCDF that are located at the bacterial outer membrane or the periplasm. Our computational studies provided plausible 3D models for HbpA, SapA, PE, and HxuA interactions with heme. Generation and characterization of single mutants in the hxuCBA, hpe, sapA, and hbpA genes provided evidence for participation in heme binding-storage and inter-bacterial donation. The hxuA, sapA, hbpA, and hpe genes showed differential expression and responded to heme. Moreover, HxuCBA, PE, SapABCDFZ, and HbpA-DppBCDF presented moonlighting properties related to resistance to antimicrobial peptides or glutathione import, together likely contributing to the NTHi-host airway interplay, as observed upon cultured airway epithelia and in vivo lung infection. The observed multi-functionality was shown to be system-specific, thus limiting redundancy. Together, we provide evidence for heme uptake systems as bacterial factors that act in a coordinated and multi-functional manner to subvert nutritional- and other sources of host innate immunity during NTHi airway infection.
An anomaly in the necking behavior of polyethylene (1979)

Abstract Tensile creep measurements at constant load on nonoriented polyethylene have shown a marked transition at a certain stress level from a neck formation followed by instantaneous fracture to the formation of a neck which resists fracture for a considerable time. The transition, which shifts towards shorter time and higher nominal stress with increasing molecular weight, has been studied for 16 polyethylenes of different molecular weights, degrees of branching and crystalline structures. The marked. transition has only been observed for high density polyethylene of high molecular weight. Deformation measurements show a more distinct necking for the high density than for the medium density polyethylenes. This is consistent with current molecular deformation theories. A hypothesis for the transition is proposed based on the distinctness of the neck process in the high density polyethylene and the large difference in strength between the spherulitic structure and the fibrillar structure. The dependence of the transition on molecular weight is expected since the number of tic chains incrcrtses with increasing molecular weight.
Cold atmospheric plasma differentially affects cell renewal and differentiation of stem cells and APC-deficient-derived tumor cells in intestinal organoids (2022)

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment has been proposed as a potentially innovative therapeutic tool in the biomedical field, notably for cancer due to its proposed toxic selectivity on cancer cells versus healthy cells. In the present study, we addressed the relevance of three-dimensional organoid technology to investigate the biological effects of CAP on normal epithelial stem cells and tumor cells isolated from mouse small intestine. CAP treatment exerted dose-dependent cytotoxicity on normal organoids and induced major transcriptomic changes associated with the global response to oxidative stress, fetal-like regeneration reprogramming, and apoptosis-mediated cell death. Moreover, we explored the potential selectivity of CAP on tumor-like Apc-deficient versus normal organoids in the same genetic background. Unexpectedly, tumor organoids exhibited higher resistance to CAP treatment, correlating with higher antioxidant activity at baseline as compared to normal organoids. This pilot study suggests that the ex vivo culture system could be a relevant alternative model to further investigate translational medical applications of CAP technology.
Efficacy Studies in Children with Cerebral Palsy (1993)

No abstract available for this article.
A semi-custom voltage-island technique and its application to high-speed serial links (2003)

Supply-voltage reduction is a known technique for reducing CMOS active power. We propose a semi-custom voltage-island approach based on internal regulation and selective custom design. This approach enables transparent embedding, since no additional external power supply is needed. We apply the approach to high-speed serial links, and we show that high performance is retained through targeted application of custom circuit and logic design. A chip is presented that evaluates the presented approach on a 3000-gate 3.2-Gbps multi-protocol serial-link receiver logic core. When reducing the supply from 1.2V to 0.95V, the chip demonstrates power savings of over 25%.
Unifying Distributed Processing and Open Hypertext through a Heterogeneous Communication Model (1995)

A successful distributed open hypermedia system can be characterised by a scaleable architecture which is inherently distributed. While the architects of distributed hypermedia systems have addressed the issues of providing and retrieving distributed resources, they have often neglected to design systems with the inherent capability to exploit the distributed processing of this information. The research presented in this paper describes the construction and use of an open hypermedia system concerned equally with both of these facets.
Data-aided ML timing acquisition in ultra-wideband radios (2004)

Realizing the great potential of ultra-wideband radios depends critically on the success of timing acquisition. To this end, optimum data-aided timing offset estimators are derived in this paper based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. Specifically, generalized likelihood ratio tests are employed to detect an ultra-wideband waveform propagating through dense multipath, as well as to estimate the associated timing and channel parameters in closed form. The acquisition ambiguity induced by multipath spreading and time hopping is resolved via a robust ML formulation. The proposed algorithms only employ digital samples collected at a low symbol or frame rate, thus reducing considerably the implementation complexity and acquisition time.
Complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 (1983)

Double-stranded cDNA of alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) RNA 1 has been cloned and sequenced. From clones with overlapping inserts, and other sequence data, the complete primary sequence of the 3644 nucleotides of RNA 1 was deduced: a long open reading frame for a protein of Mr 125,685 is flanked by a 5'-terminal sequence of 100 nucleotides and a 3' noncoding region of 163 nucleotides, including the sequence of 145 nucleotides the three genomic RNAs of AlMV have in common. The two UGA-termination codons halfway RNA 1, that were postulated by Van Tol et al. (FEBS Lett. 118, 67-71, 1980) to account for partial translation of RNA 1 in vitro into Mr 58,000 and Mr 62,000 proteins, were not found in the reading frame of the Mr 125,685 protein.
Correction: Pentanoic acid from γ-valerolactone and formic acid using bifunctional catalysis (2020)

Correction for ‘Pentanoic acid from γ-valerolactone and formic acid using bifunctional catalysis’ by Majd Al-Naji, <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Green Chem.</italic>, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9gc02627d.
A Bayesian Approach to Adaptive Frequency Sampling (2019)

This paper introduces an adaptive frequency sampling scheme, based on a Bayesian approach to the well-known vector fitting algorithm. This Bayesian treatment results in a data-driven measure of intrinsic model uncertainty. This uncertainty measure can in turn be leveraged to sample sequentially in an efficient and robust way. A realistic example is used to visualize the proposed scheme, and to confirm its proficiency.
Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of left main and/or three-vessel disease: 3-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial (2011)

At 3 years, MACCE was significantly higher in PCI- compared with CABG-treated patients. In patients with less complex disease (low SYNTAX scores for 3VD or low/intermediate terciles for LM patients), PCI is an acceptable revascularization, although longer follow-up is needed to evaluate these two revascularization strategies.
Integrating spectral and multi-view features from drone-based imagery for effective shallow bathymetry retrieval (2021)

Coastal bathymetry is a fundamental component in numerous research and engineering applications, however obtaining such data in detail for large areas is rather complicated due to several natural and technical limitations. In order to overcome these difficulties, we developed a pipeline of novel methods based on drone-imagery for producing high resolution, accurate coastal bathymetric data. As a result, this study was based on combination of state-of-the-art, high resolution datasets, including drone-based imagery and reference bathymetric points using a sonar sensor mounted on a remote-controlled unmanned surface vehicle (USV). Our approach relies on fusion of two conceptually different yet complementary methods for bathymetry estimation, a geometric one and a spectral one using deep learning. In the first approach, we developed a novel structure-from-motion technique, that natively incorporates the correct geometrical optics accounting for water refraction. In the second method we built upon the reconstructed surface of the geometric method together with the reference bathymetric data for training a deep convolutional network (CNN) using a set of spectral features from the RGB imagery. The CNN produced high resolution coastal bathymetry with vertical accuracy varying in the decimeter scale. The main advantage of this approach is that it exploits both the spectral and the multi-view aspects of drone imagery which function complementary to each other. The geometric method yields accurate 3D bathymetry over any kind of seafloor that shows sufficient texture on the images and where seafloor texture is absent, spectral information is utilized for harmonizing the bathymetry surface for the entire scene. Finally, this study demonstrates that modern, unmanned platforms can perform accurate coastal bathymetry mapping far more efficiently than traditional boat surveys, although ideal sea-state conditions are required for obtaining imagery data with optimal quality. This work is part of the ACTYS project (https://actys.ims.forth.gr/) that has received funding from FORTH-Synergy grant.
Mesoporous Silica Microparticles Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Platinum Drugs (2010)

We report on the endocytosis and the time-dependent enhanced cytotoxicity of anticancer platinum drugs when the drugs are combined with (or loaded into) one of the two most common types of mesoporous silica materials, MCM-41 or SBA-15. The anticancer drug cisplatin and its isomer transplatin, when loaded on MCM-41 and SBA-15 microparticles, were less cytotoxic to leukemia cells than the drugs alone after 12 h exposure. However, the drug-loaded microparticles exhibited unprecedented enhanced cytotoxicity to the cancerous cells after 24 h of exposure. This cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded microparticles was even higher than of the pure drugs in solutions, suggesting that mesoporous silica microparticles loaded with cisplatin or transplatin enabled a localized intracellular release of the platinum compounds and possibly also facilitated the drug's hydrolysis, enhancing the desired cytotoxic effect.
Labelling of a polypeptide conjugate binder for the C-reactive protein with 68Ga for PET imaging (2009)

This thesis deals with the design of 18F- and 68Ga-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers and the development of technologies that enable faster and simpler preparation with high specific radioactivity. Techniques like microwave heating and reducing the concentrations of the precursor were investigated with this perspective. A few applications were explored using molecular design perspectives. A nucleophilic 18F-labelling strategy using perfluoro-containing leaving groups was explored. We observed that [18F]fluoride was interacting with the perfluoro alkyl chains of the substrate, preventing the nucleophilic substitution from taking place. When a perfluoroaryl group was instead used in the leaving group, the substitution took place and purification by fluorous solid-phase extraction was possible. 18F-Labelled analogues of the monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor harmine were prepared by one-step nucleophilic fluorinations and evaluated by in vitro autoradiography, showing high specific binding. Biotin analogues labelled with 18F and 68Ga were prepared and their binding to avidin evaluated. All analogues retained their binding ability and will be further evaluated in transplantation models with avidin-coated islets of Langerhans. Peptide design perspectives were used in some examples where the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and a single-chain version of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein functionalized with 2,2',2'',2'''-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or 2,2',2''-(1,4,7-triazonane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid (NOTA) as chelators were labelled with 68Ga. The RGD motif and VEGF have high affinity for, respectively, αvβ3 integrin and VEGFR-2 receptor that are overexpressed in angiogenesis process. The 68Ga-labelled scVEGF maintained its functional activity in vitro. A polypeptide conjugate containing phosphocholine, which has affinity for the C-reactive protein released during the inflammatory process, was labelled with 68Ga for the development of an imaging agent for inflammation in vivo. Finally [18F]/19F exchange in fluorine-containing compounds was studied in order to investigate whether the exchange reaction can be of practical use for labelling.
Mechanisms of insulin resistance in experimental hyperinsulinemic dogs. (1998)

This study was undertaken to characterize the insulin resistance and the mechanism thereof caused by chronic hyperinsulinemia produced in dogs by surgically diverting the veins of the pancreas from the portal vein to the vena cava. Pancreatic venous diversion (PVD, n = 8) caused a sustained increase in arterial insulin and decrease in portal insulin concentration compared with the control group (n = 6). Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps were conducted 4 wk after surgery. The increase in the glucose disposal rate (GDR) was significantly less in the PVD group (39.0+/-5.0 vs. 27.9+/-3.2 micromol/kg/min, P < 0.01) compared with the control group, but the suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin was similar for both groups. Muscle insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity (IR-TKA) increased from 6.2+/-0.4 to 20.3+/-2.7 in the control group, but from 5.8+/-0.5 to only 12.7+/-1.7 fmol P/fmol IR in the PVD group (P < 0.01). With respect to the periphery, the time to half-maximum response (t1/2a) for arterial insulin was the same for both groups, whereas the t1/2a for lymph insulin (30+/-3 vs. 40+/-4 min, P < 0.05) and GDR (29+/-3 vs. 66+/-10 min, P < 0.01) were greater for the PVD group. Chronic hyperinsulinemia led to marked peripheral insulin resistance characterized by decreased insulin-stimulated GDR, and impaired activation of GDR kinetics due, in part, to reduced IR-TKA. Transendothelial insulin transport was impeded and was responsible for one third of the kinetic defect in insulin-resistant animals, while slower intracellular mechanisms of GDR were responsible for the remaining two thirds.
Novel Iron Oxide Microparticles Used to Render Stone Fragments Paramagnetic: Assessment of Toxicity in a Murine Model (2012)

Novel iron oxide supraparamagnetic microparticles used to render stone fragments paramagnetic in the urinary collecting system did not appear to cross intact urothelial membranes. When introduced systemically, they led to minimal inflammatory changes, predominantly in the liver and lung. Additional long-term studies are required.
Analysis of the dc-link stability for the stacked polyphase bridges converter (2015)

This paper presents an analysis of the capacitor voltage stability for a stacked polyphase bridges (SPB) type converter. The SPB converter comprises of several submodules which are connected in series. Therefore, stability of the dc-link voltage is very important to investigate. From the analysis, a corresponding controller and an analytical expression for stability are derived. The proposed controller and the associated stability condition are verified in a simulation environment and on a small experimental setup.
Transient Behavior of Solid-State Modulators With Matrix Transformers (2010)

Solid-state modulators based on pulse transformers offer the advantage that, with the turns ratio of the transformer, the primary voltage could ideally be adapted to available switch technology, and a series connection of switches could be avoided. To increase the power level, several semiconductor switches must be connected in parallel, and a balancing between the different switches must be guaranteed. Here, the matrix transformer concept, which is based on multiple primary and/or secondary windings, as well as flux adding, offers superior performance with respect to the achievable rise times. However, the influence of the parasitic elements on the voltage and current distribution is quite involved. In this paper, the influence of the parasitic elements of the matrix transformer on the current balancing and on the winding voltages is investigated based on reluctance models. Additionally, the inherent current balancing of the matrix transformer for windings mounted on different cores is explained. Furthermore, the influence of parasitic load/transformer capacitances on the turnoff transient is discussed in detail.
Backbone Amide Linker Strategies for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of C‐Terminal Modified Peptides (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Macular neovascularization in eyes with pachydrusen (2021)

The natural history and clinical significance of pachydrusen is unclear. This study aims to compare the longitudinal changes of eyes with pachydrusen and soft drusen and progression to exudative macular neovascularisation (MNV). Patients with a diagnosis of MNV in one eye only and the fellow eye was selected as the study eye. Study eyes were required to have pachydrusen or soft drusen on fundus photographs and follow up of at least 2 years or until exudative MNV occurred. Systematic grading was performed at baseline and change in drusen area and onset of exudative MNV recorded over the period of follow up. A total of 75 eyes from 75 patients (29 with pachydrusen and 46 with soft drusen) were included. There was no difference in the rate of progression to exudative MNV in the soft and pachydrusen groups (13.3% versus 24.1%, p = 0.38). Pachydrusen, as compared to soft drusen, was associated with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy subtype (85.7% versus 16.7%, p < 0.01) and the location of exudation was co-localised with soft drusen but not with pachydrusen. There was a higher rate of increase in soft drusen area compared to pachydrusen area (27.7 ± 31.9%/year versus 8.7 ± 12.4%/year respectively, p < 0.01). We found no difference in the proportion of eyes that developed exudative MNV in this study however characterisation of drusen evolution patterns revealed a strong association with exudative MNV subtype.
Highly-sensitive multi-axes rotation sensing using large momentum transfer point source atom interferometry (2020)

Employing a fully quantized model for atomic wave-packets, we show that a large momentum transfer, multi-axes gyroscope using point-source atomic interferometry (PSAI) can achieve a sensitivity much higher than that of a conventional PSAI gyroscope.
Reintroducing Heart Sounds for Early Detection of Acute Myocardial Ischemia in a Porcine Model – Correlation of Acoustic Cardiography With Gold Standard of Pressure-Volume Analysis (2019)

In the rapidly evolving setting of acute myocardial ischemia, acoustic cardiography provided meaningful insights of mechanical dysfunction in a prompt and non-invasive manner. These findings should propel interest in resurrecting this technique for future translational studies as well as reconsidering its reintroduction in the clinical setting.
Studies of the Nonlinear Switching Properties of Liquid Crystals with Picosecond Pulses (1985)

Abstract A comparative study of self-focusing in seven liquid crystals using picosecond 0.53 and 1.06 μm pulses is presented. MEBBA was found to have the highest nonlinearity at 0.53 μm as determined in an optical power limiting experiment. This limiting appears to be due to nonlinear refraction enhanced by two-photon absorption.
Correlating the Structure and Gene Silencing Activity of Oligonucleotide-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (2023)

With three FDA-approved products, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are under intensive development for delivering wide-ranging nucleic acid therapeutics. A significant challenge for LNP development is insufficient understanding of structure-activity relationship (SAR). Small changes in chemical composition and process parameters can affect LNP structure, significantly impacting performance <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The choice of polyethylene glycol lipid (PEG-lipid), one of the essential lipids for LNP, has been proven to govern particle size. Here we find that PEG-lipids can further modify the core organization of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-loaded LNPs to govern its gene silencing activity. Furthermore, we also have found that the extent of compartmentalization, measured by the ratio of disordered vs ordered inverted hexagonal phases within an ASO-lipid core, is predictive of <i>in vitro</i> gene silencing. In this work, we propose that a lower ratio of disordered/ordered core phases correlates with stronger gene knockdown efficacy. To establish these findings, we developed a seamless high-throughput screening approach that integrated an automated LNP formulation system with structural analysis by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and <i>in vitro TMEM106b</i> mRNA knockdown assessment. We applied this approach to screen 54 ASO-LNP formulations while varying the type and concentration of PEG-lipids. Representative formulations with diverse SAXS profiles were further visualized using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to help structural elucidation. The proposed SAR was built by combining this structural analysis with <i>in vitro</i> data. Our integrated methods, analysis, and resulting findings on PEG-lipid can be applied to rapidly optimize other LNP formulations in a complex design space.