gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bandgap Tuning of Silicon Micromachined 1-D Photonic Crystals by Thermal Oxidation (2008)

Fabrication and optical testing of high-aspect-ratio 1D photonic crystals, obtained by electrochemical micromachining of silicon, are discussed in this paper. The devices consist of high-aspect-ratio periodic (P=4 mum) arrays of 1.22-mum-thick silicon walls separated by 2.78-mum-wide air gaps, with 100 mum etching depth. They were designed as hybrid quarter-wavelength reflectors with photonic bandgaps in the near-IR region, one in particular centered at lambda=1.55 mum. The fabrication process was improved to increase structure uniformity and strength. Thermal oxidation of the silicon structures was exploited to tune the wavelength position and width of the bandgaps. Fabricated devices, also with different silicon dioxide thicknesses, were optically tested by measuring their spectral reflectivity in the wavelength range of 1.0-1.7 mum. Experimental results were found in good agreement with the calculated spectra.
Generation of diverse mutated tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a lung cancer patient with long survival (2005)

We have identified an antigen recognized on a large cell carcinoma of the lung by tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The antigenic peptide is encoded by a mutated alpha-actinin-4 gene and presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2. Using HLA-A2-peptide tetramers, we have derived from patient peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) several mutated alpha-actinin-4-specific T cell clones. These clones displayed similar tetramer staining but distinct T cell receptor (TCR) usage and antitumor reactivity. Indeed, TIL clones lysed more efficiently the autologous tumor cells and released higher cytokine levels than PBL clones. Importantly, treatment of cancer cells with interferon-gamma enhanced their susceptibility to PBL clone-mediated lysis correlated with increase in HLA-class I expression. The present findings provide evidence that an immune T cell response took place in a lung cancer patient with favorable clinical evolution and suggest that CTL, recognizing a truly tumor-specific antigen, may contribute to controlling the tumor.
Tafazzin Deficiency Reduces Basal Insulin Secretion and Mitochondrial Function in Pancreatic Islets From Male Mice (2021)

Tafazzin (TAZ) is a cardiolipin (CL) biosynthetic enzyme important for maintaining mitochondrial function. TAZ affects both the species and content of CL in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are essential for normal cellular respiration. In pancreatic β cells, mitochondrial function is closely associated with insulin secretion. However, the role of TAZ and CL in the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets remains unknown. Male 4-month-old doxycycline-inducible TAZ knock-down (KD) mice and wild-type littermate controls were used. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess β-cell morphology in whole pancreas sections, whereas ex vivo insulin secretion, CL content, RNA-sequencing analysis, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were measured from isolated islet preparations. Ex vivo insulin secretion under nonstimulatory low-glucose concentrations was reduced ~52% from islets isolated from TAZ KD mice. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption under low-glucose conditions was also reduced ~58% in islets from TAZ KD animals. TAZ deficiency in pancreatic islets was associated with significant alteration in CL molecular species and elevated polyunsaturated fatty acid CL content. In addition, RNA-sequencing of isolated islets showed that TAZ KD increased expression of extracellular matrix genes, which are linked to pancreatic fibrosis, activated stellate cells, and impaired β-cell function. These data indicate a novel role for TAZ in regulating pancreatic islet function, particularly under low-glucose conditions.
Analysis of Straw by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2004)

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Straw is an example of an agricultural residue (byproduct of food and feed production) of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of straw provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel (C, H, N, S, and O); chlorine analysis — reported here as part of the ultimate analysis but formally a separate procedure; proximate analysis — the proximate composition of the fuel (moisture, fixed carbon, volatiles, and ash); heating value — the specific heat of combustion; ash chemistry analysis — an elemental analysis of the ash content, expressed as oxides (which does not imply that they occur as oxides in the fuel). These data are summarized with the XPS spectra.
Application of exergy analysis to various psychrometric processes (2003)

The relation between work and changes in entropy generation arises from the simultaneous treatment of the first and second laws referred to as exergy (or available energy) analysis. In this paper, we discuss thermodynamic analysis of various psychrometric processes using the concept of exergy. A parametric study of each of the processes is carried out to determine the variation of second-law efficiency as a function of mass flow rate, relative humidity and temperature. Other trends such as variation of temperature with relative humidity are also shown where applicable. Irreversible losses are calculated by applying an exergy balance on each system. In this regard, an engineering equation solver (EES) programme is used, which is unique because it has built-in functions for most thermodynamic and transport properties; removing the need for approximate equations. The concept of total exergy as the sum of thermomechanical and chemical parts is employed in calculating the flow exergies for air and water vapor mixtures. It is shown for some processes investigated that an increase in the relative humidity of the incoming air stream increases second-law efficiency. We notice that a decrease in mass flow rate of fresh air (second incoming stream) in the case of adiabatic mixing decreases the second-law efficiency of the process. Also, it is shown that the mass flow rate (of both water and steam) has almost a linear relationship with relative humidity in the range investigated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aniridia with a Heterozygous <i>PAX6</i> Mutation in which the Pituitary Function was Partially Impaired (2013)

We herein report the case of a woman with aniridia and with a heterozygous PAX6 mutation. Pax6 is a transcription factor involved in the development of several organs, including the eye, pancreas and pituitary. The patient had been diagnosed with aniridia in childhood and was found to have impaired glucose tolerance with a heterozygous PAX6 mutation 12 years prior to the current admission. Hormone stimulating tests revealed a slightly impaired pituitary function, including subtle hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and borderline growth hormone (GH) deficiency. The present case is the first report of a slightly impaired pituitary function in an aniridia patient with a heterozygous PAX6 mutation.
Powder Synthesis of Ca-α‘-SiAlON as a Host Material for Phosphors (2004)

Fine powders of Ca-α‘-SiAlON have been synthesized from the system CaO−Al2O3−SiO2, by using an NH3−CH4 gas mixture as a reduction−nitridation agent. Completion of the reduction−nitridation was achieved at low temperatures of 1400−1500 °C without unfavorable particle coarsening or carbon contamination, while the phase purity and crystallinity of the powders were markedly improved by a postsynthesis heat treatment. The resulting fine Ca-α‘-SiAlON powders possessed high purity and uniform discrete particle morphology, which meet the requirements for the new application of SiAlON ceramics as a host material for phosphors. The reduction−nitridation synthesis of the yellow-emitting Ca-α‘-SiAlON:Eu powder phosphor was also performed for the first time, and better photoluminescence property was demonstrated compared to that of the conventionally prepared powder.
Angiogenic factors could help us to define patients obtaining complete response with undetectable minimal residual disease in untreated CLL patients treated by FCR: results from the CLL2010FMP, a FILO study (2021)

Angiogenesis is in a constant balance between pro and anti-angiogenic factors. Neoangiogenesis, implicated in metastatic spreading is characterized in solid cancers, but fairly new in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We hypothesize that secretion of angiogenic factors could be correlated to the pathogenesis of CLL, and therefore predict the outcome of patients. We investigated concentrations of 22 cytokines and chemokines in 137 non-del 17p B-CLL patients, treated with a fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR)-based regimen. We constructed a biomarker index defining different risk groups based on lymphocyte count, the intensity of CD20 antigen on CD19<sup>+</sup> cells, Ang-2, and PDGF-BB plasma concentrations at diagnosis. Four groups were defined, exhibiting specific molecular signatures and correlated with progression-free survival of patients. Our results suggest that we can determine at diagnosis of non-del 17p B-CLL patients, those with a very high probability of progression-free survival, independently of <i>IGVH</i> mutational status and residual disease at the end of treatment.
Polysaccharide‐based vaccine delivery systems: Macromolecular assembly, interactions with antigen presenting cells, and in vivo immunomonitoring (2009)

Using a strategy of macromolecular assembly, a colloidal vaccine delivery system was obtained from chitosan and dextran sulfate and loaded with an antigenic protein (p24, the capsid protein of HIV-1). The colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) were obtained by charge neutralization of the polyanion and polycation at a charge ratio (n(+)/n(-)) of 2 (CHDS). The conditions of assembly were tuned to maintain the colloidal properties of the carrier in high salt environment. The relative molar masses of the two polyions and the degree of acetylation (DA) of chitosan were essential parameters to achieve this goal, and this could be related to the nanometric scale organization of the colloids observed by Small Angle X-rays Scattering experiments. The binding of p24 to the colloidal carrier was achieved and the release of the antigen was investigated. Antigen presenting cells [dendritic cells (DCs)], obtained from monocytes, could internalize the colloids. Immature DCs (iDCs) were not matured by the colloidal PECs either loaded or not loaded with p24, as proved by Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis. Despite this lack of in vitro interaction, a specific immune response was observed in mice with a high production of antibodies, after subcutaneous injection. The analysis of the interleukin production shows that both the cellular and the humoral responses were stimulated. This work brings a physico-chemical insight on polysaccharide-based antigen delivery systems and opens up new perspectives for their use as vaccine carriers.
Time‐dependent hierarchical organization of spatial working memory: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study (2002)

The performance of memory-guided saccades with two different delays (3 and 30 s of memorization) was studied in seven healthy subjects. Double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) with an interstimulus interval of 100 ms was applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) early (1 s after target presentation) and late (28 s after target presentation). Early stimulation significantly increased in both delays the percentage of error in amplitude (PEA) of contralateral memory-guided saccades compared to the control experiment without stimulation. dTMS applied late in the delay had no significant effect on PEA. Furthermore, we found a significantly smaller effect of early stimulation in the long-delay paradigm. These results suggest a time-dependent hierarchical organization of the spatial working memory with a functional dominance of DLPFC during the early memorization, independent from the memorization delay. For a long memorization delay, however, working memory seems to have an additional, DLPFC-independent component.
Diagnostics of a glow discharge used to produce amorphous silicon films. Technical progress report, August 15, 1980-November 14, 1980 (1980)

Construction of the basic apparatus has been completed during this period, and many apparatus checks have been completed. Almost complete SiH/sub 4/ dissociation has been obtained in approx. 950 C ovens between the turbo and rough pumps, so that reliable, long-term operation is achieved. A base vacuum of approx. 10/sup -7/ Torr is achieved in the discharge chamber in a few hours, and approx. 10/sup -8/ overnight, so that gas-phase impurity levels as low as 10/sup -7/ are ready achievable. The SiH/sub 4/ inlet lines are entirely bakeable stainless steel and permanently closed to air, to maintain the tank purity of SiH/sub 4/. A distillation procedure to further clean the tank SiH/sub 4/ is under study. Thus we should be able to study the effects of very small, controlled levels of impurities. The discharge configurations are shown, and the ratios of Si/sub x/H/sub n//sup +/ fluxes for three types of discharges in pure SiH/sub 4/ are given. (WHK)
Conformational bias in density functional theory ring strain energy calculations of cyclopentene derivatives: Towards predictive design of chemically recyclable elastomers (2022)

Abstract Equilibrium ring opening metathesis polymerization of low strained cycloolefins is opportunistic for the development of novel materials capable of chemical recycling to monomer (CRM). However, many of the potential materials for CRM contain complex side chains complicating predictions of their ring strain energies (RSE). The effects of different conformational considerations on RSE predictions using density functional theory (DFT) are explored. New homodesmotic equations are investigated to capture changes in olefin conformation upon polymerization. The employment of cis ‐2‐butene as a corrective factor with a 2,7‐nonadiene linear analog bearing one cis and one trans olefin (H2 cis ) resulted in RSEs similar to previously reported Δ H p values. Different consideration of possible conformers aside from their lowest energy counterparts leads to a range of predicted RSE values. Similarly, the application of a Boltzmann distribution resulted in negligible differences in RSE. Therefore, RSE predictions using the lowest energy structures with H2 cis calculated at B3LYP/6‐31+G* in toluene is a sufficient approach for predicting RSE of monomers with multiple conformers. This method can be used to screen a monomer's potential for CRM to reduce the time, cost, waste, and effort necessary to research new materials towards a more circular polymer economy.
Polycrystalline InGaO Thin‐Film Transistors with Coplanar Structure Exhibiting Average Mobility of ≈78 cm2V‐1s‐1and Excellent Stability for Replacing Current Poly‐Si Thin‐Film Transistors for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays (2022)

Highly ordered polycrystalline indium gallium oxide (PC-IGO) film is obtained by the crystallization of room temperature sputtered amorphous IGO on a hot plate at 350 °C for 1 h and then annealed for 1 h in an N<sub>2</sub> O environment. A high-density PC-IGO of ≈7.15 g cm<sup>-3</sup> with reduced oxygen vacancy (≈14.83%) and hydroxyl (OH) related defects (≈10.96%) has been obtained by N<sub>2</sub> O annealing. Self-aligned coplanar thin-film transistor (TFT) with the PC-IGO exhibits the average saturation mobility of 78.73 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> , threshold voltage of -1.07 V, subthreshold swing of 0.147 V dec<sup>-1</sup> , and the on/off current ratio of over 10<sup>8</sup> . The TFTs show excellent stability under bias-temperature stress with a negligible threshold voltage shift (ΔV<sub>TH</sub> ) of + 0.1 and -0.1 V for the positive and negative bias stresses, respectively. The TFTs exhibit very stable environmental stability when the TFTs are stored under high humidity (85%) and a high temperature (85 °C) for 2 days. The ring oscillator and the gate driver mode of the PC-IGO TFTs exhibit the propagation delay of 7.44 ns/stage with rising/falling times of less than 0.7 μs, respectively. Therefore, the PC-IGO TFTs are suitable for large area, high-resolution active-matrix organic, and inorganic light-emitting diodes displays.
Multi-level Shared Caching Techniques For Scalability In VMP-MC (2005)

The problem of building a scalable shared memory multiprocessor can be reduced to that of building a scalable memory hierarchy, assuming interprocessor communication is handled by the memory system. In this paper, we describe the VMP-MC design, a distributed parallel multi-computer based on the VMP multiprocessor design, that is intended to provide a set of building blocks for configuring machines from one to several thousand processors. VMP-MC uses a memory hierarchy based on shared caches, ranging from on- chip caches to board-level caches connected by busses to, at the bottom, a high-speed fiber optic ring. In addition to describing the building block components of this architecture, we identify the key performance issues associated with the design and provide performance evaluation of these issues using trace-drive simulation and measurements from the VMP. This work was sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Re- search Projects Agency under Contract N00014-88-K-0619.
Chloride‐Based Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells (2023)

Metal halide perovskite based tandem solar cells are promising to achieve power conversion efficiency beyond the theoretical limit of their single-junction counterparts. However, overcoming the significant open-circuit voltage deficit present in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells remains a major hurdle for realizing efficient and stable perovskite tandem cells. Here, a holistic approach to overcoming challenges in 1.8 eV perovskite solar cells is reported by engineering the perovskite crystallization pathway by means of chloride additives. In conjunction with employing a self-assembled monolayer as the hole-transport layer, an open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V and a power conversion efficiency of 17.0% are achieved. The key role of methylammonium chloride addition is elucidated in facilitating the growth of a chloride-rich intermediate phase that directs crystallization of the desired cubic perovskite phase and induces more effective halide homogenization. The as-formed 1.8 eV perovskite demonstrates suppressed halide segregation and improved optoelectronic properties.
Charge Collection Physical Modeling for Soft Error Rate Computational Simulation in Digital Circuits (2016)

This chapter describes a new computational approach for accurately modeling radiation-induced single-event transient current and charge collection at circuit level. This approach, called random-walk drift-diffusion (RWDD), is a fast Monte Carlo particle method based on a random-walk process that takes into account both diffusion and drift of carriers in a non-constant electric field both in space and time. After introducing the physical insights of the RWDD model, the chapter details the practical implementation of the method using an object-oriented programming language and its parallelization on graphical processing units. Besides, the capability of the approach to treat multiple node charge collection is presented. The chapter also details the coupling of the model either with an internal routine or with SPICE for circuit solving. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated at device and circuit level, considering four different test vehicles in 65 nm technologies: a stand-alone transistor, a CMOS inverter, a SRAM cell and a flip-flop circuit. RWDD results are compared with data obtained from a full three-dimensional (3D) numerical approach (TCAD simulations) at transistor level. The importance of the circuit feedback on the charge-collection process is also demonstrated for devices connected to other circuit nodes.
Sources of off-types in pedigreed seed of common spring wheat (2004)

This survey reports on the number and type of off-types observed in purity of variety small-scale field plots of common spring wheat. Generally, contamination levels were &lt;0.02%, out-crossing rates using awnedness as an indicator were &lt;0.002%, gliadin fingerprint variants were &lt;0.01%, and mechanical admixtures were &lt;0.01%. Contamination levels were rarely above acceptable impurity tolerances, indicating that the Canadian pedigreed seed certification system, as prescribed by the Canadian Seed Growers’ Association, currently recommends operating procedures that achieve high seed purity. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., off-types, variety purity testing, variants, pedigreed seed
Novel Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,3-Butadien-2-ylmethanols via Tandem Alkylbromide-epoxide Vinylations Using Dimethylsulfonium Methylide (2005)

[reaction: see text] The treatment of chiral trans-disubstituted and trisubstituted 2,3-epoxy-1-bromides with an excess of dimethylsulfonium methylide 1 affords the corresponding 1,3-butadien-2-ylmethanols in good to excellent yields via a double one-carbon homologation.
An Empirical SI Combustion Model Using Laminar Burning Velocity Correlations (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Predictive simulation models are needed in order to exploit the full benefits of 1-D engine simulation. Simulation model alterations such as cam phasing affect the gas composition and gas state in the cylinders and have an effect on the combustion. Modelling of these effects is particularly important when the engine is knock limited. A knock model, able to phase the combustion towards the knock limit, was previously developed by the authors. A major challenge in such knock models is to predict the pressure and temperature evolution in the end-gas accurately through an adequate combustion model. The Wiebe function is often used to model the combustion in SI engine simulations, owing to its ease of use and computational efficiency. The Wiebe function simply imposes a curve shape for the fuel burn rate and the parameters are easily determined from calculated heat release. Detailed models of turbulent combustion also exist which require more knowledge or assumptions about combustion chamber turbulence. The combustion model proposed in this paper uses existing correlations of laminar burning velocity to predict the parameters of the Wiebe function relative to a base operating condition. The model aims at predicting combustion at high load operation. Experimental and simulation data from a gasoline fuelled 4-cylinder turbo charged port injected spark ignition engine are used to correlate the Wiebe function parameters dependence on laminar burning velocity.&lt;/div&gt;