gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the high sensitivity MEMS accelerometer for oil and gas exploration (2013)

Seismic reflection surveys are the main techniques for exploring the underground. This is expected to continue in the near future with improvements in data resolution and signal to noise (S/N) ratio. The authors have developed a high resolution MEMS accelerometer for oil and natural gas exploration. In this research, the shape and size of the MEMS element and the electronic circuit were optimized to enhance the sensitivity of a prototype MEMS device for use as a MEMS accelerometer. The MEMS accelerometer made experimentally fabricated in this research surpassed −130 dB/√ Hz which is the world highest ever by the performance evaluation test carried out. We are striving towards commercializing the developed MEMS sensors.
Yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser with a waveguide element activated with Cr3+and Nd3+ (1989)

Yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser with a waveguide element activated with Cr3+ and Nd3+, A A Danilov, Evgeny V Zharikov, Yu D Zavartsev, M Yu Nikol'skiĭ, P A Studenikin, V B Tsvetkov, Ivan A Shcherbakov
Predictive Block-matching Motion Estimation Schemes for Video Compression (Digest) (2005)

A new motion estirrration/compensation scheme for full-motion interframe video compression is proposed in this paper. The scheme is based on prediction of inter-block and inter-frame motion information using minimum absolute difference block matching and hence substantially increases tbe searching and computation efficiency. A comparison is also made widr the "optimal" full motion searching scheme for a standard test sequence.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch controls the protein stability of p63 (2006)

p63, a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, plays an important role in epithelial development, regulating both cell cycle and apoptosis. Even though p63 activity is regulated mainly at the posttranslational level, the control of p63 protein stability is far from being fully understood. Here, we show that the Hect (homologous to the E6-associated protein C terminus)-containing Nedd4-like ubiquitin protein ligase Itch binds, ubiquitylates, and promotes the degradation of p63. The physical interaction occurs at the border between the PY and the SAM (sterile alpha motif) domains; a single Y504F mutation significantly affects p63 degradation. Itch and p63 are coexpressed in the epidermis and in primary keratinocytes where Itch controls the p63 protein steady-state level. Accordingly, p63 protein levels are significantly increased in Itch knockout keratinocytes. These data suggest that Itch has a fundamental role in the mechanism that controls endogenous p63 protein levels and therefore contributes to regulation of p63 in physiological conditions.
Evaluation of PTEN status in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and matched tumor tissue from patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2013)

62 Background: PTEN loss occurs frequently in prostate cancer and may trigger progression to CRPC through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. A blood-based assay that determines PTEN status in CRPC patients could enable informed treatment decisions such as the use of a PI3K-targeted therapy. We evaluated PTEN status in archived tissue, metastatic bone biopsies, and CTCs from CRPC patients. Here we report the results of PTEN evaluation in CTCs from 42 CRPC patients and matched tissue from 6 patients with more underway. Methods: Nucleated cells from CRPC patient blood were plated onto glass slides and subjected to IF staining and CTC identification by high-speed fluorescent scanners at Epic Sciences. CTCs were identified as CK+/CD45- cells with intact DAPI nuclei, and samples with ≥5 CTCs per 2 slides (74%) were then tested for PTEN by FISH. Partial loss was defined as a decrease in PTEN copies (PTEN &lt; CEP10) and total loss as zero PTEN copies. PTEN IHC in tissue was stained using CST clone 138G6 and H-scores ≤ 200 counted as loss. Results: Partial or total loss of PTEN by FISH was observed in 15 of 31 patients (48%) by CTC analysis. Changes in ploidy were frequently observed and broad heterogeneity seen both within and between patients. Weighted across patients, the most frequently observed abnormal genotypes in CTCs were 2 CEP10/0 PTEN (total loss, diploid, 5.8%), 3 CEP10/0 PTEN (total loss, triploid, 4.5%), and 3 CEP10/3 PTEN (PTEN-normal, triploid, 4.2%). These genotypes were not observed in over 1,000 white blood cells evaluated evenly across 31 patients, demonstrating that cells identified as CTCs on the Epic platform show malignant features not observed in normal cells. PTEN loss was detected by IHC in 6 of 8 (75%) archived patient samples and 7 of 8 (87%) of matched bone biopsies. Where CTCs were available (6 cases), PTEN status was correctly determined as lost in 4 cases, normal in 1 case and borderline in one case. Conclusions: Our results illustrate the high percentage of PTEN loss in CRPC patients and the potential for using CTCs as a non-invasive, real-time biopsy to determine a patient’s PTEN status. PTEN status will be determined using these assays in an upcoming AKT inhibitor Phase II trial.
Accelerated brain aging with opioid misuse and HIV: New insights on the role of glially derived pro-inflammation mediators and neuronal chloride homeostasis (2022)

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a national crisis and contributes to the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Emerging evidence and advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal that opioids per se can directly exacerbate the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Despite substantial inroads, the impact of OUD on the severity, development, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders is not fully understood. In this review, we explore current evidence that OUD and neuroHIV interact to accelerate cognitive deficits and enhance the neurodegenerative changes typically seen with aging, through their effects on neuroinflammation. We suggest new thoughts on the processes that may underlie accelerated brain aging, including dysregulation of neuronal inhibition, and highlight findings suggesting that opioids, through actions at the μ-opioid receptor, interact with HIV in the central nervous system to promote unique structural and functional comorbid deficits not seen in either OUD or neuroHIV alone.
Use of the acousto-optic tunable filter for optical spectrum analysis and EDFA power equalization in WDM systems (1996)

Summary form only given. In order to use a cascade of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system, the power output of the signal channels must be equalized. We demonstrate a system for power equalization that consists of two single-stage acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs). To our knowledge, this is the first use of the AOTF as an optical spectrum analyzer in a WDM system.
Evaluation of drug loading, pharmacokinetic behavior, and toxicity of a cisplatin-containing hydrogel nanoparticle (2021)

Cisplatin is a cytotoxic drug used as a first-line therapy for a wide variety of cancers. However, significant renal and neurological toxicities limits it clinical use. It has been documented that drug toxicities can be mitigated through nanoparticle formulation, while simultaneously increasing tumor accumulation through the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Circulation persistence is a key characteristic for exploiting this effect, and to that end we have developed long-circulating, PEGylated, polymeric hydrogels using the Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates (PRINT®) platform and complexed cisplatin into the particles (PRINT-Platin). Sustained release was demonstrated, and drug loading correlated to surface PEG density. A PEG Mushroom conformation showed the best compromise between particle pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and drug loading (16 wt %). While the PK profile of PEG Brush was superior, the loading was poor (2 wt %). Conversely, the drug loading in non-PEGylated particles was better (20 wt %), but the PK was not desirable. We also showed comparable cytotoxicity to cisplatin in several cancer cell lines (non-small cell lung, A549; ovarian, SKOV-3; breast, MDA-MB-468) and a higher MTD in mice (10 mg/kg versus 5 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetic profiles of drug in plasma, tumor, and kidney indicate improved exposure in the blood and tumor accumulation, with concurrent renal protection, when cisplatin was formulated in a nanoparticle. PK parameters were markedly improved: a 16.4-times higher area-under-the-curve (AUC), a reduction in clearance (CL) by a factor of 11.2, and a 4.20-times increase in the volume of distribution (Vd). Additionally, non-small cell lung and ovarian tumor AUC was at least twice that of cisplatin in both models. These findings suggest the potential for PRINT-Platin to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity compared to current cisplatin therapies.
Revisiting the Influence of Silver in Cationic Gold Catalysis: A Practical Guide (2015)

An excess amount of silver salt to generate cationic gold from a gold catalyst precursor such as L-Au-Cl almost always has adverse effects on the reactivity of the cationic gold catalyst. A preformed L-Au(+)X(-) complex, generated by sonication followed by centrifugation, increases the reactivity in a gold catalyzed reaction. The adverse silver effect might be caused by the interaction of silver salts with gold intermediates.
Internalization of a Preformed Atomically Precise Silver Cluster in Proteins by Multistep Events and Emergence of Luminescent Counterparts Retaining Bioactivity (2019)

A new synthetic protocol is introduced which preserves the secondary structure of protecting proteins encapsulating a luminescent atomically-precise silver cluster. This was achieved by using a preformed triphenylphosphine (TPP)-protected silver cluster as the precursor forming bovine serum albumin (BSA)- and human serum albumin (HSA)-protected Ag18 clusters. This is the first example of the formation of luminescent protein-protected clusters in a neutral medium, without using any reducing agent, which results in minimal alteration of the protein structure during cluster growth. The cluster formed showed exceptional stability, unlike other silver clusters of this class. The formation of these red luminescent clusters was visualized by UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The identification of Ag18 core was made through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS), and a plausible mechanism of the formation was identified by monitoring the systematic growth of the cluster core by time-dependent MALDI MS experiments and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) of the reaction mixture. The cluster was successfully employed as a luminescent probe for cancer cell imaging. Retention of protein conformation in the clusters was confirmed through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and the same was reflected in the retention of 89% of the esterase activity of BSA in the Ag18@BSA clusters synthesized by this method, compared to only 28.7% for AgQC@BSA clusters synthesized using previous protocols, conducted in basic medium.
Impact of frequency offsets on zero crossing demodulation based receivers (2010)

In practical communication systems, frequency offsets between transmitters and receivers cannot be avoided. Both transmitter and receiver require local clocks which are usually derived from independent crystal oscillators. Typical low-cost crystals show a relative frequency tolerance of 20 ppm. Though devices with less tolerance are available, they are too expensive for most mass market devices. It is rather desirable to attempt to estimate and correct the frequency offset at the receiver side, preferably in digital domain. For regular sampling based receivers, such algorithms can be considered well-known. However, for irregular sampling schemes such as zero-crossing demodulation, neither the impact on the receiver performance nor ways of estimating and correcting frequency offsets are widely known. This manuscript is a first attempt to close this gap.
A Numerical Analysis of Renal Arterial Hemodynamics in an Medical Image-based Model (2004)

The arterial branch from abdominal aorta to renal artery is reported to be one of the prediction sites of atherosclerosis, which can either block up the blood flow into the kidney, or, result in the formation and the break-down of rental thrombosis. Quantitative prediction of the relationship between hemodynamics and rental diseases is therefore of great importance and it is thought that anatomic geometry of the rental arterial branch may play a key role in the set-on and the development of rental atherosclerosis. A numerical analysis has been conducted for the rental arterial hemodynamics. We constructed a realistic geometric model for the rental arterial branch based on CT image data, using an integrated method combining an automatic shape-extracting method and an automatic grid-generation method. A recently developed in house NS solver was employed, that includes the multi-block method, the overset grid method, and the one-dimensional modeling method for arterial tree which can provide realistic physiological boundary conditions. Results are presented of velocity vectors and wall shear stresses at the rental arterial branch, which points to a close relationship between the fluid dynamic structures and the rental atherosclerosis.
Micellization Phenomena of Biodegradable Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers Consisting of Poly(β-hydroxyalkanoic acid) and Poly(ethylene oxide) (2005)

This paper reports the studies on micelle formation of new biodegradable amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PHB-PEO) triblock copolymer with various PHB and PEO block lengths in aqueous solution. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the micelles took an approximately spherical shape with the surrounding diffuse outer shell formed by hydrophilic PEO blocks. The size distribution of the micelles formed by one triblock copolymer was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering technique. The critical micellization phenomena of the copolymers were extensively studied using the pyrene fluorescence dye absorption technique, and the (0,0) band changes of pyrene excitation spectra were used as a probe for the studies. For the copolymers studied in this report, the critical micelle concentrations ranged from 1.3 x 10(-5) to 1.1 x 10(-3) g/mL. For the same PEO block length of 5000, the critical micelle concentrations decreased with an increase in PHB block length, and the change was more significant in the short PHB range. It was found that the micelle formation of the biodegradable amphiphilic triblock copolymers consisting of poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoic acid) and PEO was relatively temperature-insensitive, which is quite different from their counterparts consisting of poly(alpha-hydroxyalkanoic acid) and PEO.
Towards Accurate Multi-person Pose Estimation in the Wild (2017)

We propose a method for multi-person detection and 2-D pose estimation that achieves state-of-art results on the challenging COCO keypoints task. It is a simple, yet powerful, top-down approach consisting of two stages. In the first stage, we predict the location and scale of boxes which are likely to contain people, for this we use the Faster RCNN detector. In the second stage, we estimate the keypoints of the person potentially contained in each proposed bounding box. For each keypoint type we predict dense heatmaps and offsets using a fully convolutional ResNet. To combine these outputs we introduce a novel aggregation procedure to obtain highly localized keypoint predictions. We also use a novel form of keypoint-based Non-Maximum-Suppression (NMS), instead of the cruder box-level NMS, and a novel form of keypoint-based confidence score estimation, instead of box-level scoring. Trained on COCO data alone, our final system achieves average precision of 0.649 on the COCO test-dev set and the 0.643 test-standard sets, outperforming the winner of the 2016 COCO keypoints challenge and other recent state-of-art. Further, by using additional in-house labeled data we obtain an even higher average precision of 0.685 on the test-dev set and 0.673 on the test-standard set, more than 5% absolute improvement compared to the previous best performing method on the same dataset.
Carbon Coating for Electron Beam Testing and Focus Ion Beam Reconfiguration (1996)

Abstract To debug ASIC we likely use accurate tools such as an electron beam tester (Ebeam tester) and a Focused Ion Beam (FIB). Interactions between ions or electrons and the target device build charge up on its upper glassivation layer. This charge up could trigger several problems. With Ebeam testing, it sharply decreases voltage contrast during Image Fault Analysis and hide static voltage contrast. During ASIC reconfiguration with FIB, it could induce damages in the glassivation layer. Sample preparation is getting a key issue and we show how we can deal with it by optimizing carbon coating of the devices. Coating is done by an evaporator. For focused ion beam reconfiguration, we need a very thick coating. Otherwise the coating could be sputtered away due to imaging. This coating is use either to avoid charge-up on glassivated devices or as a sacrificial layer to avoid short circuits on unglassivated devices. For electron beam Testing, we need a very thin coating, we are now using an electrical characterization method with an insitu control system to obtain the right thin thickness. Carbon coating is a very cheap and useful method for sample preparation. It needs to be tuned according to the tool used.
A look inside the extruder: evolution of chemistry, morphology and rheology along the extruder axis during reactive processing and blending (2001)

A simple device was recently developed for fast sampling (within a few seconds) of representative melt samples (about 2 g) on a running extruder. An array of such devices has been mounted on a twin-screw extruder. The goal of this study was to de-black-box reactive processing of polymers by studying some typical examples. - Processing of polyolefins in the presence of peroxides: when the polymer is molten and the melt temperature is sufficiently high branching/cross-linking of PE and degradation of PP occurs; the conversion follows a convex profile along the screw axis, which profile is similar to the exponential profile calculated for peroxide decomposition. - Free-radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) onto polyolefins: MA grafting onto PE and PP also follows a convex profile with branching/cross-linking as parallel side reaction for PE and degradation for PP; for PE degradation of the formed grafted/cross-linked gel is observed at the end of the extruder. - Reactive blending of PA-6 with EPM-g-MA: within a few seconds the in-situ compatibilization reaction, resulting in PA-6/EPM graft copolymers, is completed and the degree of rubber dispersion has changed from the mm to the sub-μm range, regardless of the MA content of EPM-g-MA and the EPM-g-MA content of the blend; PA degradation occurs along the whole extruder.
Development of a Transfer-Function Measurement Procedure for the Evaluation's of MRI-Conditional Medical Devices at 3T (2018)

Radio frequency (RF) heating of leads on medically implanted devices is a critical patient safety matter in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Safety is generally assessed via large-scale computer simulations, which relies on the use of a “transfer function” (TF) approach in order to make the simulations sufficiently efficient to allow very large numbers of lead trajectories to be considered. In this work, a method to measure the transfer function of a simple stainless-steel wire with insulator was developed, which serves as proof-of-principle for use of the method in more realistic devices. A Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was employed for comparison and to determine the induced electric field near a test wire which was then compared to the measured values. The TF method was applied to 127.6 MHz RF exposure (corresponding to a 3 T MRI system) using a custom developed R F probe in order to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the measurements. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel was used to mimic the lossy tissue environment of the human body. Reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurement were obtained and the method is under development for use at other frequencies of interest.
Comorbidity of dementia and age-related macular degeneration calls for clinical awareness: a meta-analysis (2019)

A significant association between dementia/AD and AMD calls for greater clinical awareness. The cost-effectiveness of routine screening for the other condition in patients with primary diagnosis of dementia/AD or AMD requires further study.
Supplementary Fig. S15 from <i>Salmonella</i>-Based Therapy Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Coupled with Enzymatic Depletion of Tumor Hyaluronan Induces Complete Regression of Aggressive Pancreatic Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Chromium release assay utilizing a range of PMN (effectors) against various tumor targets. Purified splenic PMN from treated mouse groups (n=3) were used in a 51Cr cytotoxicity assay. Tumor targets consisted of KPC (pancreatic cancer), 4T1 (breast cancer), and B16F10 (melanoma) which were co-incubated directly with effectors at indicated E:T ratios. Each E:T ratio with specific tumor targets were done in triplicate. Percent lysis within the PEGPH20/shIDO-ST group was compared to the PEGPH20/shScr-ST treated group at each E:T ratio using Student's t test. Data shown is representative of multiple experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
Relevance of Spinal Cord Abnormalities to Clinical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: MR Imaging Findings in a Large Cohort of Patients (2013)

Purpose To determine whether spinal cord atrophy differs among disease subtypes in multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether it offers diagnostic and clinical correlative information beyond that provided by other magnetic resonance (MR) imaging markers. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved the study; all subjects gave written informed consent. Upper cervical cord cross-sectional area (UCCA), brain and spinal cord lesion loads, and brain atrophy were measured in 440 patients with MS (311 with relapsing-remitting [RR] MS, 92 with secondary-progressive [SP] MS, and 37 with primary-progressive [PP] MS) studied in two centers. Disability was scored with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the timed 25-foot walk test (TWT), and the nine-hole peg test. UCCA was compared between groups with the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations were assessed with the Spearman ρ test. Multivariate associations between UCCA and clinical and other MR imaging parameters, including number of hypointense brain lesions on T1-weighted MR images, presence of diffuse abnormalities, and number of involved segments in the spinal cord, were assessed by using multiple linear regression, adjusted for study center site. Results The UCCA in patients with SP MS (median, 79 mm2; interquartile range, 72.4–84.9 mm2) and PP MS (median, 77.3 mm2; interquartile range, 69–82.5 mm2) was significantly smaller (P < .001) than that in patients with RR MS (median, 84 mm2; interquartile range, 78.7–89.3 mm2). UCCA was inversely correlated with EDSS score, TWT, and nine-hole peg test findings (ρ ≤ −0.29, P < .001 for all comparisons). UCCA, number of hypointense brain lesions on T1-weighted MR images, presence of diffuse abnormalities, and number of involved segments in the spinal cord were found to be significant explanatory factors for clinical disability (R2 = 0.564). The UCCA and the number of hypointense brain lesions on T1-weighted images were the strongest MR imaging parameters for explaining physical disability, as measured with the EDSS. Conclusion Spinal cord abnormalities have a strong effect on clinical disability in MS. MR imaging–derived UCCA was found to be the most significant spinal cord parameter for explaining EDSS score. © RSNA, 2013