gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ultrathin Silica Based Imagefiber For The Medical Usage (1988)

The most suitable structure of the ultrathin silica based imagefiber for the medical usage were investigated by evaluating the image transmission characteristics and the mechanical characteristics. As a result, following facts have been clarified, 1) In the case of NA 0.43, the suitable structural parameters are core-cladding ratio 1.5 and pixel diameter 5 &mu;m. 2) The 0.27 mm diameter imagefiber can stand more than 103 times repeated bending in 10 mm radius.
A strong converse for a collection of network source coding problems (2009)

We prove a strong converse for particular source coding problems: the Ahlswede-Korner (coded side information) problem, lossless source coding for multicast networks with side-information at the end nodes, and the Gray-Wyner problem. Source and side-information sequences are drawn i.i.d. according to a given distribution on a finite alphabet. The strong converse discussed here states that when a given rate vector R is not D-achievable, the probability of observing distortion D for any sequence of block codes at rate R must decrease exponentially to 0 as the block length grows without bound. This strong converse implies the prior strong converses for the point-to-point network, Slepian-Wolf problem, and Ahlswede-Korner (coded side information) problem.
Initial characterization results of a 1024x448, 25-μm multi-frame camera with 2ns integration time for the Ultrafast X-ray Imager (UXI) program at Sandia National Laboratories (2016)

The Hippogriff camera developed at Sandia National Laboratories as part of the Ultra-Fast X-ray Imager (UXI) program is a high-speed, multi-frame, time-gated imager for use on a wide variety of High Energy Density (HED) physics experiments on both Sandia’s Z-Machine and the National Ignition Facility. The camera is a 1024 x 448 pixel array with 25 &mu;m spatial resolution, containing 2 frames per pixel natively and has achieved 2 ns minimum integration time. It is sensitive to both optical photons as well as soft X-rays up to ~6 keV. The Hippogriff camera is the second generation UXI camera that contains circuitry to trade spatial resolution for additional frames of temporal coverage. The user can reduce the row-wise spatial resolution from the native 25 &mu;m to increase the number of frames in a data set to 4 frames at 50 &mu;m or 8 frames at 100 &mu;m spatial resolution. This feature, along with both optical and X-ray sensitivity, facilitates additional experimental flexibility. Minimum signal is 1500 erms and full well is 1.5 million e-.
Modulation of the transactivation function of nuclear factor-kappaB by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophages. (2004)

In macrophages, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation has important roles for the regulation of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), several pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-apoptotic proteins. In order to analyze the transactivation process of NF-kappaB by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we used the GAL4-NF-kappaB-p65 fusion protein. This chimeric NF-kappaB is activated transcriptionally only if NF-kappaB transactivation domain is active. With this system, we found that LPS can enhance the transactivation of GAL-NF-kappaB-p65 subunit independent of DNA binding ability and inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) regulation. Interestingly, this transactivation by LPS was eliminated with the treatment of U0126, specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases (MEKs) 1/2 which has little effect on NF-kappaB activation. We also investigated the effect of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), which might be involved in LPS responses and c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNKs) activation, on the transactivation of GAL-NF-kappaB-p65. The cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP could enhance the NF-kappaB transcription and the chimeric NF-kappaB-p65 transactivation. However, survivin decreased the NF-kappaB transcription and did not influence significantly the chimeric NF-kappaB-p65 transactivation. Taken together, LPS-dependent NF-kappaB transactivation may be involved in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and IAPs.
Somatic cell hybrids between totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma and rat hepatoma cells (1979)

Abstract We have produced somatic cell hybrids between totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells and rat hepatoma cells. These hybrids were tested for the expression of liver specific functions expressed in the hepatoma cell parent and for their ability to differentiate when injected into nude mice. The results of this study indicate that hybrid cell clones do not resemble either of the parental cells, since they do not produce albumin and tyrosine aminotransferase that are expressed in the rat hepatoma parent, and are incapable of forming either teratocarcinoma or hepatomas when injected in experimental animals.
Molecular Architecture of Bacterial Flagellar Stator Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Binding of c-Myb to the core sequence of the CD4 promoter (1993)

We identified a regulatory region of the mouse CD4 promoter by both in vivo and in vitro analysis. The results of transient transfection assays indicated that the dominant transcription activating element within the CD4 promoter is located at -82 to -42. Elimination of this element, by linear deletion or specific mutation, significantly reduced transcriptional activity from this promoter. DNase I footprinting and gel mobility shift assays confirmed that the region -90 to -64 acts as the binding site of a specific nuclear factor, designated NF-CD4. In this region, an 11 bp core motif (CAACAACTGGG; -82 to -72) was found to be sufficient for the binding and transcriptional activation of the NF-CD4. This motif contains a consensus sequence for binding of c-Myb and proteins with helix-loop-helix structures. Indeed, bacterially-synthesized c-Myb specifically binds to this motif for NF-CD4. Furthermore, binding of NF-CD4 to the promoter region was specifically inhibited by the addition of anti-Myb antibodies. The evidence strongly suggests that c-Myb binds, in a sequence-specific fashion, to the core region of the CD4 promoter defined by functional assays and that this proto-oncogene product appears to play a role in the complex regulation of CD4 gene expression during T cell development.
Maximum likelihood sequence estimation receivers for DWDM lightwave systems (2005)

As the spacing between channels in dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) links decreases and their number increases, nonlinear coupling effects such as four wave mixing (FWM) and cross-phase modulation (CPM) become more important. These impairments, combined with chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise ultimately limit the maximum reach of the links. A receiver robust to these impairments would increase the maximum possible length of links without regeneration, reduce the number of required compensation elements such as dispersion compensation fibers (DCF) and optical amplifiers, and simplify link provisioning by making its fine tuning less critical and labor intensive. Maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receivers have been previously proposed to combat CD and PMD in the presence of ASE noise. In this paper we propose to extend the use of MLSE to DWDM links to combat the combined effect of nonlinear crosstalk, dispersion and noise. MLSE receivers can incorporate detailed knowledge of the statistical properties of noise and crosstalk into the decision process, therefore improving performance in the presence of these impairments. We derive a new analytical expression (necessary to implement the MLSE receiver) for the statistics of the received signal in the presence of FWM. Although in long haul DWDM links DCF cannot be avoided even when electronic dispersion compensation is used, dispersion compensation with DCF is not complete because even a compensated link exerts different dispersion effects on different wavelengths. Our results show that the performance of DWDM systems can be significantly improved by using an MLSE receiver, particularly in the presence of residual dispersion. For example, a 2000 km 20-channel link can operate within the correction capabilities of a forward error correction (FEC) code (G.975 RS) in the presence of 1700 ps/nm of residual dispersion even with an extremely high value of FWM crosstalk using the MLSE receiver proposed in this work. As a second important contribution of this paper, we present a theoretical performance analysis of MLSE in DWDM optical channels. This analysis is built upon the theory we developed previously. An excellent agreement is found between the prediction of the theory and simulation results.
Power Consumption for Active Acoustic Control of Launch Vehicle Payload Fairings (2000)

Abstract Vibroacoustics during space vehicle launch has been blamed for as many as 60% of first day satellite failures. At the Air Force Research Laboratory in Albuquerque NM USA, modeling and analysis was performed to determine the feasibility of monolithic piezoceramic actuators and active acoustic control to reduce noise transmission during launch of the OSP launch vehicle with a hypothetical composite fairing. Voltage, power and energy were studied as a function of transmission reduction. The conclusion reached for the case explored in depth was that off-the-shelf monolithic piezoceramic actuators did not have sufficient control authority to reduce noise transmission at realistic sound levels.
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool (2014)

Precise measurement of neurological and neuropsychological impairment and disability in multiple sclerosis is challenging. We report a new test, the Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT), which represents a new approach to quantifying MS related disability. The MSPT takes advantage of advances in computer technology, information technology, biomechanics, and clinical measurement science. The resulting MSPT represents a computer-based platform for precise, valid measurement of MS severity. Based on, but extending the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), the MSPT provides precise, quantitative data on walking speed, balance, manual dexterity, visual function, and cognitive processing speed. The MSPT was tested by 51 MS patients and 49 healthy controls (HC). MSPT scores were highly reproducible, correlated strongly with technician-administered test scores, discriminated MS from HC and severe from mild MS, and correlated with patient reported outcomes. Measures of reliability, sensitivity, and clinical meaning for MSPT scores were favorable compared with technician-based testing. The MSPT is a potentially transformative approach for collecting MS disability outcome data for patient care and research. Because the testing is computer-based, test performance can be analyzed in traditional or novel ways and data can be directly entered into research or clinical databases. The MSPT could be widely disseminated to clinicians in practice settings who are not connected to clinical trial performance sites or who are practicing in rural settings, drastically improving access to clinical trials for clinicians and patients. The MSPT could be adapted to out of clinic settings, like the patient's home, thereby providing more meaningful real world data. The MSPT represents a new paradigm for neuroperformance testing. This method could have the same transformative effect on clinical care and research in MS as standardized computer-adapted testing has had in the education field, with clear potential to accelerate progress in clinical care and research.
Analogues of Acyclic Nucleosides Derived from Tris-(Hydroxymethyl)Phosphine Oxide or Bis-(Hydroxymethyl)Phosphinic Acid Coupled to DNA Nucleobases (2004)

A series of novel acyclic nucleoside analogues containing bis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphinic acid (BHPA) or tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide (THPO) coupled with DNA nucleobases or with 5-fluorouracil were prepared and their antiviral activity was studied against cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), parainfluenza-virus type 3, reovirus-type 1, sindbis, coxsackie B4, punta toro, vesicular stomatitis and respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus-type 1 (KOS) and type 2 (G), vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus-1 (TK- KOS ACVr). No specific antiviral effects were noted for any of test compounds against viruses evaluated, except thymine, cytosine and adenine derivatives of BHPA exerting borderline activity against respiratory syncytial virus at the 80 mg/ml concentration.
Fabrication of β-sialon nanoceramics by high-energy mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering (2005)

A single-phase β-sialon nanoceramic, Si5AlON7, has been prepared by high-energy mechanical milling, followed by spark plasma sintering. After milling, the starting powder mixture (Si3N4, AlN, Al2O3) was mostly transformed into an amorphous phase that contains a large number of well-dispersed nanocrystalline β-Si3N4 particles. Milling promoted the mixing and reaction among the starting powders; β-sialon grains with the designed composition were formed directly through precipitation from the homogeneous amorphous phase on the nanocrystalline β-Si3N4 particles. Milling also improved the sintering ability of the starting powders, so the densification temperature was lowered by about 100 °C compared with that for as-received powders. Particle rearrangement was the main densification mechanism for the milled powders. A homogeneous microstructure composed of equiaxed β-sialon grains with a diameter of about 50 nm was obtained after sintering at 1550 °C for 5 min.
Optical Negative Index Metamerials with Low Losses: Nature-Inspired Methods for Optimal Design (2007)

The performance of an optical negative index metamaterial is optimized by simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization methods. While these methods yield very similar designs, the particle swarm optimization shows the best performance.
Dynamic lattice distortions driven by surface trapping in semiconductor nanocrystals (2021)

Nonradiative processes limit optoelectronic functionality of nanocrystals and curb their device performance. Nevertheless, the dynamic structural origins of nonradiative relaxations in such materials are not understood. Here, femtosecond electron diffraction measurements corroborated by atomistic simulations uncover transient lattice deformations accompanying radiationless electronic processes in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals. Investigation of the excitation energy dependence in a core/shell system shows that hot carriers created by a photon energy considerably larger than the bandgap induce structural distortions at nanocrystal surfaces on few picosecond timescales associated with the localization of trapped holes. On the other hand, carriers created by a photon energy close to the bandgap of the core in the same system result in transient lattice heating that occurs on a much longer 200 picosecond timescale, dominated by an Auger heating mechanism. Elucidation of the structural deformations associated with the surface trapping of hot holes provides atomic-scale insights into the mechanisms deteriorating optoelectronic performance and a pathway towards minimizing these losses in nanocrystal devices.
One-handed Chording Text Entry for Korean Mobile Phones (2006)

We present a text entry method using the Twiddler one-handed chording keyboa rd to input Hangul, the Korean alphabet, on mobile phones. After estimating keystrokes of various text entry methods, we found that our Twiddler 3 Bul keymap has the fewest keystrokes needed among the methods evaluated.
Polarons in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: A First‐Principles Perspective (2022)

Abstract Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) comprised of conjugated backbones and pendant ionic functionalities are versatile organic semiconductors with myriad optoelectronic applications. Although polarons are dominant charge carriers in conducting CPEs owing to strong electron‐phonon coupling, their properties are not well understood, especially from a first‐principles perspective. In this study, a comprehensive study on the stability, structural deformation, electronic structure, and optical absorption of positive (or hole)/negative (or electron) polarons and bi‐polarons in CPEs is conducted. It is explored how these properties depend on the electrostatic interaction between the polarons and ionic functionalities, including alkyl chains, ionic groups, and counterions. It is then examined how the bandgap, polaron binding energy, and optoelectronic structure of CPEs can be tuned by various combinations of the donor and acceptor units in their backbones. Finally, electrochemical stability of CPEs is studied and light is shed on the absence of negative polarons in CPEs. The strategy to improve the electrochemical stability of n‐doped CPEs is also discussed.
Breaking Cryptographic Implementations Using Deep Learning Techniques. (2016)

Template attack is the most common and powerful profiled side channel attack. It relies on a realistic assumption regarding the noise of the device under attack: the probability density function of the data is a multivariate Gaussian distribution. To relax this assumption, a recent line of research has investigated new profiling approaches mainly by applying machine learning techniques. The obtained results are commensurate, and in some particular cases better, compared to template attack. In this work, we propose to continue this recent line of research by applying more sophisticated profiling techniques based on deep learning. Our experimental results confirm the overwhelming advantages of the resulting new attacks when targeting both unprotected and protected cryptographic implementations.
Deposition and diffusion of plasma sputtered platinum nanoparticles in porous anodic alumina oxide. (2009)

Plasma sputtering deposition of Platinum thin films is studied on porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The size effect of AAO cylindrical pores is shown to influence the diffusion of atoms in the porous layer. The resulting maximum reached depth of platinum varied from 2 μm to 20 μm, and the density on the surface is lowered from 23 µg.cm-2 to 5 µg.cm-2 as the pore diameter increased from 40 nm to 320 nm. The pore diameter is decreasing as Pt is deposited. Sputtered Pt is observed to grow as clusters on the surface and along the pore walls.
Biomechanics of a Failed Single Legged Landing due to Fatigue (2006)

Changes in neuromuscular control and movement patterns have been related to lower extremity injury. Lower extremity fatigue has been implicated in non contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. PURPOSE: Our aim was to examine the kinematics and kinetics of single legged drop landings in a fatigued and non-fatigued state of healthy athletic females. METHODS: Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from 15 female participants in five single legged landings before and after a parallel squat to fatigue protocol on a smith machine. Landings were performed from a 40 cm hang bar in which the participant made contact with the force platform with their dominant leg only. The mean data of the five pre fatigue trials were compared to the first post fatigue landing trial. The participants were unable to successfully land (e.g., subjects collapsed) in the first post fatigue landing and this demonstrated the most dramatic fatigue effects. Kinematic and kinetic parameters of interest were compared with a paired t-test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: At initial contact, participants landed in significantly more knee flexion (5.4° vs. 7.7°) post fatigue. Landing time post fatigue increased significantly from .21 to .39 s. Maximum hip flexion, knee flexion and knee adduction and ankle dorsiflexion angles increased post fatigue. Hip range of motion increased approximately 24°, knee motion increased approximately 38°, knee frontal plane motion increased approximately 12°, and ankle motion increased approximately 9°. Vertical ground reaction forces decreased significantly (4.0 % body weight vs. 3.25 % body weight) post fatigue. Ankle moments in the sagittal plane and knee moments in the sagittal and frontal planes were unchanged post fatigue. Hip extensor moments were significantly greater post fatigue (.84 N-m/kg of body weight vs. 1.65 N-m/kg of body weight). CONCLUSION: Failure to land as a result of fatigue may result in kinematic and kinetic changes protective of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Effect of triclabendazole on body surface structures and ultrastructures of Pagumogonimus skrjabini. (2010)

Objective To observe the body surface structures and ultrastructures of Pagumogonimus skrjabini following triclabendazole.Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with fifteen rats in each group.Rats were each injected intra-abdominally with metacercariae of P.skrjabini.Rats in the treatment group in which P.skrjabini were detected in the feces were treated on day 60 after infection,and rats in the two groups were dissected and the worms recovered were observed under a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope on the third day after treatment.Results Scanning electron microscopy: The body surface structures of P.skrjabini were severely disrupted in the treatment group but were complete in the control group.Transmission electron microscopy: In the treatment group,teguments of worms disappeared,the basal plasma membranes were disrupted,and the muscular layer was necrotic,but in the control group the body surface structures were complete.Conclusion The body surface structures and ultrastructures of P.skrjabini were damaged by triclabendazole.
NCOR2 is a novel candidate gene for migraine-epilepsy phenotype (2022)

We provide several independent lines of evidence supporting association between migraine-epilepsy phenotype and <i>NCOR2</i>. Our study suggests that <i>NCOR2</i> may have a role in both migraine and epilepsy and thus would provide evidence for shared pathophysiology underlying these two diseases.
Static Evaluation of Noninterference Using Approximate Model Counting (2018)

Noninterference is a definition of security for secret values provided to a procedure, which informally is met when attacker-observable outputs are insensitive to the value of the secret inputs or, in other words, the secret inputs do not "interfere" with those outputs. This paper describes a static analysis method to measure interference in software. In this approach, interference is assessed using the extent to which different secret inputs are consistent with different attacker-controlled inputs and attacker-observable outputs, which can be measured using a technique called model counting. Leveraging this insight, we develop a flexible interference assessment technique for which the assessment accuracy quantifiably grows with the computational effort invested in the analysis. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique through application to several case studies, including leakage of: search-engine queries through auto-complete response sizes; secrets subjected to compression together with attacker-controlled inputs; and TCP sequence numbers from shared counters.
IR fiber sources for scene projection (2007)

Naval Research Laboratory has developed IR transmitting fiber and IR fiber sources which can be used for HWIL testing. IR transmitting fiber is capable of broad transmission from near IR to LWIR and can be formed into bundles for imaging. IR fiber sources are based on rare earth doped glass or nonlinear processes in the glass and are cable of high brightness IR emission. Recently, NRL developed a four emitter MWIR fiber source which is capable of high temperature simulation, high dynamic range, and fast response. New broadband fiber sources based upon IR supercontinuum generation in IR fibers are also being developed. In this paper, we will report on these technologies.