gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relationship between insulin and glucagon concentrations in non‐diabetic humans (2022)

Abnormal postprandial suppression of glucagon in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been attributed to impaired insulin secretion. Prior work suggests that insulin and glucagon show an inverse coordinated relationship. However, dysregulation of α-cell function in prediabetes occurs early and independently of changes in β-cells, which suggests insulin having a less significant role on glucagon control. We therefore, sought to examine whether hepatic vein hormone concentrations provide evidence to further support the modulation of glucagon secretion by insulin. As part of a series of experiments to measure the effect of diabetes-associated genetic variation in TCF7L2 on islet cell function, hepatic vein insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured at 2-minute intervals during fasting and a hyperglycemic clamp. The experiment was performed on 29 nondiabetic subjects (age = 46 ± 2 years, BMI 28 ± 1 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> ) and enabled post-hoc analysis, using Cross-Correlation and Cross-Approximate Entropy (Cross-ApEn) to evaluate the interaction of insulin and glucose. Mean insulin concentrations rose from fasting (33 ± 4 vs. 146 ± 12 pmol/L, p < 0.01) while glucagon was suppressed (96 ± 8 vs. 62 ± 5 ng/L, p < 0.01) during the clamp. Cross-ApEn was used to measure pattern reproducibility in the two hormones using glucagon as control mechanism (0.78 ± 0.03 vs. 0.76 ± 0.03, fasting vs. hyperglycemia) and using insulin as a control mechanism (0.78 ± 0.02 vs. 0.76 ± 0.03, fasting vs. hyperglycemia). Values did not differ between the two scenarios. Cross-correlation analysis demonstrated a small in-phase coordination between insulin and glucagon concentrations during fasting, which inverted during hyperglycemia. This data suggests that the interaction between the two hormones is not driven by either. On a minute-to-minute basis, direct control and secretion of glucagon is not mediated (or restrained) by insulin.
Niemann‐Pick type C Suspicion Index tool: analyses by age and association of manifestations (2013)

The SI tool maintains strong discriminatory power in patients >4 years but is not as useful for infants <4 years. The SI is also informative regarding the association and co-occurrence of manifestations in patients with NP-C.
In-Situ EC-AFM Study of Electrochemical P-Doping of Polymeric Nickel(II) Complexes with Schiff base Ligands (2023)

Conductive electrochemically active metallopolymers are outstanding materials for energy storage and conversion, electrocatalysis, electroanalysis, and other applications. The hybrid inorganic–organic nature of these materials ensures their rich chemistry and offers wide opportunities for fine-tuning their functional properties. The electrochemical modulation of the nanomechanical properties of metallopolymers is rarely investigated, and the correlations between the structure, stiffness, and capacitive properties of these materials have not yet been reported. We use electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) to perform in-situ quantitative nanomechanical measurements of two Schiff base metallopolymers, poly[NiSalphen] and its derivative that contains two methoxy substituents in the bridging phenylene diimine unit poly[NiSalphen(CH3O)2], during their polarization in the electrolyte solution to the undoped and fully doped states. We also get insight into the electrochemical p-doping of these polymers using electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM) coupled with cyclic voltammetry (CV). Combined findings for the structurally similar polymers with different interchain interactions led us to propose a correlation between Young’s modulus of the material, its maximum doping level, and ion and solvent fluxes in the polymer films upon electrochemical oxidation.
Immunosuppression limits CD8+ T cell entry into subcutaneous B16 melanoma (2016)

Abstract Interactions between homing receptors (HR) and ligands on the vasculature facilitate effector CD8 T cell entry into tissues. HR ligand expression on normal inflamed tissue vasculature is induced by the local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In tumors, however, it is likely that expression of HR ligands on tumor vasculature is suboptimal due to immunosuppression. We hypothesized that disruption of immunosuppression would increase HR ligand expression on tumor vasculature, and consequently, enhance CD8 T cell entry. B16-F1 melanoma tumor-bearing mice were treated with blocking antibodies against CTLA-4 or PD-1. HR ligand expression on tumor vasculature and CD8 T cell representation were assessed. We found that CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade significantly increased intravascular CXCL9 expression in subcutaneous B16-F1 tumors. Unlike PD-1 blockade, CTLA-4 blockade was associated with increased E-selectin expression on tumor vasculature, which we have shown to be important for CD8 T cell entry into subcutaneous tumors. CTLA-4 blockade also enhanced CD8 T cell representation and reduced tumor size. We observed a very low percentage of PD-1+ CD8 T cells in B16-F1 tumors, which may account for the limited efficacy of PD-1 blockade. Interestingly, the percentage of intratumoral PD-1+ CD8 T cells increased post-treatment with anti-CTLA-4. Our data suggest that CTLA-4 blockade may act to enhance T cell priming in the lymph node to increase the number of CD8 T cell effectors available to infiltrate tumors. It is also possible that CTLA-4 blockade may act on CTLA-4+ intratumoral Tregs, thereby promoting reactivation of tumor-resident CD8 T cell effectors that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that upregulate HR ligands on tumor vasculature.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity Study of Triosmium Acetylide Cluster Complexes Bearing a (C5Me5)W(O)2Fragment (1997)

The heterometallic cluster compound (C5Me5)W(μ-O)2Os3(μ-CCPh)(CO)9 (1), which possesses two edge-bridging oxo groups and an acetylide ligand in a μ-η2 mode, has been obtained by addition of (C5Me5)W(O)2(CCPh) to Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2. The subsequent reactivity studies led to the isolation of Cp*W(μ-O)2Os3(μ-H)(CO)9 (2) and Cp*W(O)(μ-O)Os3(CCPh)(CO)9 (3) through hydrogenation and treatment with pressurized CO, respectively. The structures of 1 and 3 reveal two distinctive bonding modes for the (C5Me5)W(O)2 fragment on an Os3 skeleton.
Clinical outcomes after minimal-access surgery for recurrent lumbar disc herniation (2003)

Analysis of these early data suggests equivalent or superior results are obtained when performing MED compared with historical controls in which conventional surgery was conducted for recurrent disc surgery. The procedure appears to be a safe and effective alternative in cases in which recurrent lumbar disc herniation causes radiculopathy.
On Wireless Social Community Networks (2008)

Wireless social community networks are emerging as a new alternative to providing wireless data access in urban areas. By relying on users in the network deployment, a wireless community can rapidly deploy a high-quality data access infrastructure in an inexpensive way. But, the coverage of such a network is limited by the set of access points deployed by the users. Currently, it is not clear if this paradigm can serve as a replacement of existing centralized networks operating in licensed bands (such as cellular networks) or if it should be considered as a complimentary service only, with limited coverage. This question currently concerns many wireless network operators. In this paper, we study the dynamics of wireless social community networks by using a simple analytical model. In this model, users choose their service provider based on the subscription fee and the offered coverage. We show how the evolution of social community networks depends on their initial coverage, the subscription fee, and the user preferences for coverage. We conclude that by using an efficient static or dynamic pricing strategy, the wireless social community can obtain a high coverage. Using a game-theoretic approach, we then study a case where the mobile users can choose between the services provided by a licensed band operator and those of a social community. We show that for specific distribution of user preferences, there exists a Nash equilibrium for this non-cooperative game.
Detection and diagnosis of changes in the time-scale eigenstructure for vibrating systems (2001)

Focuses on techniques used in monitoring machine condition and diagnosing mechanical faults in vibrating mechanical equipment which has varied operational modes and whose dynamic signals are nonstationary. Because of the nonstationary nature of the vibrating system, one has to apply the time-scale transform to capture the nonstationary modes. The autoregressive moving average modeling captures the modal signatures, in particular, the autoregressive components (natural frequencies and damping in various modes) of the vibrating system. We consider the problem of detecting and diagnosing changes in the eigenstructure of the state transition matrix of the state-space model. A chi-square test is performed at different level of resolution in the time-scale space. The dynamic system that is considered in this research is a vibrating gear system.
Transcriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during production of D-xylonate (2014)

The production of organic acids has a major impact on the physiology of yeast cells, but the transcriptional responses to presence or production of different acids differs considerably, being much more diverse than responses to other stresses. D-Xylonate production apparently imposed considerable stress on the cell wall. Transcriptional data also indicated that activation of the PKA pathway occurred during D-xylonate production, leaving cells unable to adapt normally to stationary phase. This, together with intracellular acidification, probably contributes to cell death.
Extruded High Quality Materials from Wheat Gluten (2010)

In this study, we report that the addition of ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) significantly enhance the properties of extruded WG-based materials. The grainy structure disappeared and the extrudate became more uniform and glossy. The barrier properties improved and the oxygen permeability at dry conditions was as low as that for a number of petroleum-based plastics (poly(ethylene terephthalate and polyamide 66). The protein structure in this material was extensively aggregated, which improved the strength and stiffness; there was a ca 4-fold increase in maximum stress compared to that of the NH 4 OH-free samples. The protein solubility decreased to almost zero. Even a severe sonication treatment in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) did not increase the solubility. The only type of protein that it was possible to extract was the 'thermo-resistant' ω-gliadins lacking disulfide-bonds. Our result provides new opportunities to develop a WG-based film extrudate for potential use as e.g. a renewable barrier layer in food and non-food laminate packagings.
Parametric study of a 6‐column countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) unit (2007)

The novel "multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification" (MCSGP) process has been modeled for the purification of a polypeptide mixture characterized by a strong non-linear competitive adsorption isotherm. As a model system, the purification of an industrial polypeptide mixture containing 46% of the hormone calcitonin has been selected. The many impurities contained in the mixture have been lumped into three key impurities, which are selected as the ones eluting closer to the main component. The simulation model allows for a better understanding of the complex operating behavior of the multicolumn system, which has been experimentally investigated in a previous work. Through a systematic parametric analyses of the model behavior, the main operating parameters controlling the process performance in terms of purity and yield are investigated. The study of internal liquid and adsorbed phase concentration profiles along the unit for the different operating conditions allow elucidating the working principle of the new separation process. It is found that the MCSGP unit achieves much higher yields for a given product purity than the corresponding single-column batch units.
High numerical aperture tabletop soft x-ray diffraction microscopy with 70-nm resolution (2007)

Light microscopy has greatly advanced our understanding of nature. The achievable resolution, however, is limited by optical wavelengths to approximately 200 nm. By using imaging and labeling technologies, resolutions beyond the diffraction limit can be achieved for specialized specimens with techniques such as near-field scanning optical microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and photoactivated localization microscopy. Here, we report a versatile soft x-ray diffraction microscope with 70- to 90-nm resolution by using two different tabletop coherent soft x-ray sources-a soft x-ray laser and a high-harmonic source. We also use field curvature correction that allows high numerical aperture imaging and near-diffraction-limited resolution of 1.5lambda. A tabletop soft x-ray diffraction microscope should find broad applications in biology, nanoscience, and materials science because of its simple optical design, high resolution, large depth of field, 3D imaging capability, scalability to shorter wavelengths, and ultrafast temporal resolution.
Engagement oder Subversion? : Neue Modelle zur Analyse politischer Gegenwartsliteraturen (2019)

The paper discusses concepts of political writing in the German context and confronts in particular the concept of the literary intellectual and the 'littérature engagée' on the one hand with a concept of subversive writing on the other. There are four forms of subversive writing: revolutionary-political manifestos, (neo-)avantgardistic texts, the literature of distinctive minorities and literary forms of deconstruction. In contemporary German literature, Karen Duve and Juli Zeh represent the 'littérature engagée' whilst Lady Bitch Ray and PeterLicht are examples for subversive writing.
The Effect of High Efficiency Building Technologies and PV Generation on the Energy Profiles for Typical US Residences (2020)

The penetrations of high efficiency technologies and photovoltaic (PV) generation are increasing in the residential sector. Technologies such as improved insulation and efficient HVAC systems significantly affect the energy profile of a house. This effect varies due to climate characteristics, i.e. temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speeds. The effect of other technologies, such as efficient water heaters, lighting, or kitchen appliances, is mainly governed by human behavior, which may be represented by a schedule. This paper studies the performance of both climate-influenced and scheduled household devices among different levels of efficiency through combined computational and experimental methods. Three houses were constructed by the Tennessee Valley Authority and were outfitted with robots that mimicked the occupation of a family. The houses represented three categories of residences, namely, typical builder, retrofit, and near net-zero-energy. With the energy and weather data collected from 2009 to 2014, a total of four house energy models were developed to account for equipment changes throughout the years. The studies performed using these models considered the behavior of the HVAC systems, PV system, and water heaters as well as climate effects.
Spin-Orbit Coupled, Non-Integer OAM Fibers: Unlocking a New Eigenbasis for Transmitting 24 Uncoupled Modes (2016)

We excite and stably propagate a record 24 modes with non-integer mean OAM in a 10-meter thin-ring air core fiber. Average mode purity is ~20dB for both nearest-neighbors and modes of the same angular momentum.
Condition Factorization: A Technique for Building Fast and Compact Packet Matching Automata (2015)

Rule-based matching on network packet headers is a central problem in firewalls, and network intrusion, monitoring, and access-control systems. To enhance performance, rules are typically compiled into a matching automaton that can quickly identify the subset of rules that are applicable to a given network packet. While deterministic automata provide the best performance, previous research has shown that such automata can be exponential in the size and/or number of rules. Nondeterministic automata can avoid size explosion, but their matching time can increase quickly with the number of rules. In contrast, we present a new technique that constructs polynomial size automata. Moreover, we show that the matching time of our automata is insensitive to the number of rules. The key idea in our approach is that of decomposing and reordering the tests on packet header fields so that the result of performing a test can be utilized on behalf of many rules. Our experiments demonstrate major reductions in space requirements over previous techniques, as well as significant improvements in matching speed. Our technique can uniformly handle prioritized and unprioritized rules, and support applications that require single-match as well as multi-match.
Correlation-aware statistical timing analysis with non-gaussian delay distributions (2005)

Process variations have a growing impact on circuit performance for today's integrated circuit (IC) technologies. The Non-Gaussian delay distributions as well as the correlations among delays make statistical timing analysis more challenging than ever. In this paper, we present an efficient block-based statistical timing analysis approach with linear complexity with respect to the circuit size, which can accurately predict Non-Gaussian delay distributions from realistic nonlinear gate and interconnect delay models. This approach accounts for all correlations, from manufacturing process dependence, to re-convergent circuit paths to produce more accurate statistical timing predictions. With this approach, circuit designers can have increased confidence in the variation estimates, at a low additional computation cost.
Diurnal Variations of Endogenous Steroids in the Follicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle (2016)

The diurnal variations of cortisol and of other upstream glucocorticoid steroids have been well described. However, diurnal variations of other steroids in the steroid synthesis pathways have not been fully addressed in the literature.
Hierarchical Development of Physical Frailty and Cognitive Impairment and Their Association With Incident Cardiovascular Disease (2023)

The simultaneous development of frailty and CI is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes including death compared with the development of each syndrome alone. Diagnostics to detect frailty and CI are critical in assessment of cardiovascular risk in the older population.
Opening a new route to multiport coherent XUV sources via intracavity high-order harmonic generation (2020)

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is currently utilized for developing compact table-top radiation sources to provide highly coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray pulses; however, the low repetition rate of fundamental lasers, which is typically in the multi-kHz range, restricts the area of application for such HHG-based radiation sources. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for realizing a MHz-repetition-rate coherent XUV light source by utilizing intracavity HHG in a mode-locked oscillator with an Yb:YAG thin disk laser medium and a 100-m-long ring cavity. We have successfully implemented HHG by introducing two different rare gases into two separate foci and picking up each HH beam. Owing to the two different HH beams generated from one cavity, this XUV light source will open a new route to performing a time-resolved measurement with an XUV-pump and XUV-probe scheme at a MHz-repetition rate with a femtosecond resolution.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Electrically Conducting Polymers (2010)

The field of ‘green chemistry’ is rapidly expanding to include synthesis of polymers and advanced functional materials. Using enzymes as catalysts has been advocated as a viable environmentally friendly alternative to strong oxidants in polymer synthesis. Enzymes permit the use of milder reaction conditions while providing higher efficiency in terms of product yield and ease of product separation. In this review, we summarize the use of oxidoreductases as catalysts for the synthesis of electrically conducting polymers that are based on aniline, pyrrole, and thiophene. The mechanism of enzyme catalysis in the context of oxidative polymerization is presented. The roles of redox potential in determining reaction feasibility and strategies to influence the initiation of polymerization are also discussed. Reaction parameters such as pH, temperature, dopant type, dopant concentration, and their influence on the polymerization and product properties are presented. While significant progress has been made in the synthesis of conducting polymers using enzymes, many challenges still remain in understanding the interactions between monomer, dopant, enzyme, and the initiator. Further investigations on these aspects will expand this field and provide opportunities for the creation of commercially viable products.
Metal atom chemistry and surface chemistry. 2. Carbonylsilver(I) superoxide (OC)Ag+,O2-, a localized bonding model for carbon monoxide on an oxidized silver surface (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal atom chemistry and surface chemistry. 2. Carbonylsilver(I) superoxide (OC)Ag+,O2-, a localized bonding model for carbon monoxide on an oxidized silver surfaceH. Huber and G. A. OzinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 1, 64–67Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50167a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (530 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Evaluation of Lattice Scoring using a Smoothed Estimate of Word Accuracy (2007)

This paper describes a novel approach for estimating the best hypothesis of a given word lattice, the hypothesis lattice, using another word lattice, the reference lattice, and its application to large vocabulary automatic speech recognition. This approach selects the word sequence in the hypothesis lattice which maximizes a smoothed estimate of the word accuracy with respect to the reference lattice. It is shown in the paper that two algorithms similar to the Viterbi and the forward-backward algorithms can be used to estimate the hypothesis which approximately maximizes this objective function. We present in this paper two setups to test the performance of our approach. In the first setup, only one lattice is used as both the reference and the hypothesis lattices. In the second setup, two lattices produced by different systems are used to calculate the best hypothesis. In each setup, we test our approach on two Arabic broadcast news speech recognition tasks. Compared to the baseline results, up to 2.1% relative improvement in the word error rate (WER) is obtained by using our approach.