gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of reconfiguring inclination angle of client's antenna on radio channel characteristics of IEEE802.11ac system (2013)

This work presents the impact of reconfigurable antenna on radio channel characteristics of IEEE 802.11ac system, which is the next evolution of Wi-Fi systems. Reconfigurable antennas (RA) can be used to change radio channel characteristics in favor of receiver design. The results show that RA can be used to reduce power of some of the delay clusters, which lead to minimizing excess delays of these delay clusters by pushing their power to a level lower than noise floor. This is reflected in reducing the rms delay spread and increasing the coherence time of the radio channel, which has a direct impact on receiver design and operation.
Hydraulic Fracture Treatment and Landing Zone Interval Optimization: An Eagle Ford Case Study (2022)

Abstract This paper focuses on optimizing future well landing zones and their corresponding hydraulic fracture treatments in the Eagle Ford shale play. The optimum landing zone and stimulation treatment were determined by analyzing multiple landing zone options, including the lower Austin Chalk, Eagle Ford, and Pepper Shale, with several hydraulic fracturing treatment possibilities. Fracturing fluids and their volume, proppant size, and cluster spacing were investigated to determine the optimum hydraulic fracturing treatment for the subject geologic area. Ranges of 75,000 to 300,000 gallons of pure gel, pure slickwater, and hybrid fracturing fluids along with 20/40, 30/50, 40/70, and 100 mesh proppant were tested. Cluster spacing of twenty feet to eighty feet were also sensitized in this study. A fully three-dimensional hydraulic fracture modeling software was used to develop a geological and geomechanical model of the studied area. The generated model was calibrated with available field data to ensure that the model reflects the area's geological and geomechanical characteristics. The developed model was used to create fracture results for each sensitized parameter. Production analysis was performed for all fracture models to determine the optimum landing zone and fracturing treatment implications. The study shows that the Eagle Ford had better production than the lower Austin Chalk in the subject area. The Pepper Shale had the highest potential hydrocarbon production, around 326 Mbbl cumulative, when fractured with a pure gel treatment. The analyses showed that a hybrid treatment with 70% gel and 30% slickwater yielded the optimum production due to the treatment economics even though the highest production was obtained using the pure gel. Treating the formation with larger proppant provided better production than smaller proppant due to conductivity concerns associated with damaging mechanisms in the studied area. Since increasing the volume above 175,000 gallons caused a negligible increase in the production, 175,000 gallons of fracturing fluid per stage appeared to be the optimum fracturing fluid volume. Thirty-foot cluster spacing was the optimum spacing in the study area. Overall, the study suggests that oil production can be improved in the Eagle Ford study area through a detailed workflow development and optimization process. The hydraulic fracture treatment and landing zone optimization workflow ensures optimum hydrocarbon extraction from the study area. The developed workflow can be applied to new unconventional plays instead of using trial and error methods.
Sunlight induced functionalisation of some heterocyclic bases in the presence of polycrystalline TiO2 (2003)

The functionalisation of various heterocyclic bases induced by sunlight is reported. The photoreaction occurred with higher yield in a liquid-solid heterogeneous system in the presence of polycrystalline TiO2 (anatase) than in a homogeneous system under the same experimental conditions.
Advances in the understanding of efficient operation of high power backward-wave oscillators (1995)

Summary form only given. Recent work has shown that the efficiency of converting electron beam energy to microwave energy in a backward wave oscillator (BWO) depends very strongly on reflections within the slow wave structure (SWS), and on the interaction of the electron beam with the forward travelling harmonics. The latter result differs from earlier work where it was indicated that the electron beam cannot interact with forward travelling harmonics. Experiments were performed at UNM using the Sinus-6 relativistic electron beam accelerator and an X-band BWO comprised of uniform amplitude corrugations. Sections of smooth-walled waveguide having different lengths were inserted between the BWO and the upstream cutoff neck. Results from these experiments show that the radiated power and oscillation frequency are periodic functions of the length of the smooth-walled waveguide. Particle-in-cell simulations of the experiments predict similar behaviour. Simulations show that the transverse magnetic wave is dominated by fast, backward and forward travelling space harmonics, and the slow, backward travelling harmonic associated with the corrugated structure. The periodic variation of output power and oscillation frequency with the length of the smooth-walled waveguide is well correlated with the constructive and destructive interference of the dominant space harmonics, which form a standing wave in the region between the cutoff neck and SWS.
Infrared Filters Based on Photomodification of Semicontinuous Metal Films (2006)

Broadband infrared long-pass filters were fabricated using semicontinuous silver films and subsequent photomodification with a pulsed CO2 laser operating at 10.6µm. This technique allows the creation of filters for wavelengths in the visible to mid-IR.
Enhancing the Functionality of Biobased Polyester Coating Resins through Modification with Citric Acid (2007)

Citric acid (CA) was evaluated as a functionality-enhancing monomer in biobased polyesters suitable for coating applications. Model reactions of CA with several primary and secondary alcohols and diols, including the 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols, revealed that titanium(IV) n-butoxide catalyzed esterification reactions involving these compounds proceed at relatively low temperatures, often via anhydride intermediates. Interestingly, the facile anhydride formation from CA at temperatures around CA's melting temperature ( T m = 153 degrees C) proved to be crucial in modifying sterically hindered secondary hydroxyl end groups. OH-functional polyesters were reacted with CA in the melt between 150 and 165 degrees C, yielding slightly branched carboxylic acid functional materials with strongly enhanced functionality. The acid/epoxy curing reaction of the acid-functional polymers was simulated with a monofunctional glycidyl ether. Finally, the CA-modified polyesters were applied as coatings, using conventional cross-linking agents. The formulations showed rapid curing, resulting in chemically and mechanically stable coatings. These results demonstrate that citric acid can be applied in a new way, making use of its anhydride formation to functionalize OH-functional polyesters, which is an important new step toward fully biobased coating systems.
Revealing molecular self-assembly and geometry of non-covalent halogen bonding by solid-state NMR spectroscopy (2008)

We report a new spectroscopic fingerprint of intermolecular contacts in halogen bond-driven self-assembling aggregates and a precise determination of intermolecular NI distances in microcrystalline samples.
Inversion of elastic properties of fractured rocks from AVOAz data Marcellus Shale example (2013)

We invert P-wave amplitude versus offset and azimuth (AVOAz) data from the Marcellus shale to obtain fracture parameters that can fully describe the elastic behavior of fractured rocks with arbitrary symmetry (HTI, orthorhombic, or monoclinic). AVOAz data from two interfaces: (1) upper interface between top Marcellus and Stafford limestone and (2) lower interface between base Marcellus and Onondaga limestone, were used for inversion. To check the validity of our inversion results, fracture parameters for the Marcellus shale were inverted for each interface using Monte Carlo simulation to include uncertainty in our a priori information; i.e., elastic properties of unfractured rocks that are assumed to be known from well logs. Inversion results appear robust with respect to uncertainties and converge to the same values for the two inversions. Results are also consistent with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis (resolution matrix).
MPV-II: an enhanced vector man-portable EMI sensor for UXO identification (2011)

The Man-Portable Vector (MPV) electromagnetic induction sensor has proved its worth and flexibility as a tool for identification and discrimination of unexploded ordnance (UXO). TheMPV allows remediation work in treed and rough terrains where other instruments cannot be deployed; it can work in survey mode and in a static mode for close interrogation of anomalies. By measuring the three components of the secondary field at five different locations, the MPV provides diverse time-domain data of high quality. TheMPV is currently being upgraded, streamlined, and enhanced to make it more practical and serviceable. The new sensor, dubbedMPV-II, has a smaller head and lighter components for better portability. The original laser positioning system has been replaced with one that uses the transmitter coil as a beacon. The receivers have been placed in a configuration that permits experimental computation of field gradients. In this work, after introducing the new sensor, we present the results of several identification/discrimination experiments using data provided by the MPV-II and digested using a fast and accurate new implementation of the dipole model. The model performs a nonlinear search for the location of a responding target, at each step carrying out a simultaneous linear least-squares inversion for the principal polarizabilities at all time gates and for the orientation of the target. We find that the MPV-II can identify standard-issue UXO, even in cases where there are two targets in its field of view, and can discriminate them from clutter.
Covalently Bonded Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Multifunctional Thin Films Based on Activated Esters (2009)

We demonstrate that chemically stable, multifunctional polymer thin films can be obtained using the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition based on covalent bonds between adsorbing chains. Poly(pentafluorophenyl-4-vinylbenzoate) (P1) or poly(pentafluorophenylacrylate) (P2) polymers were assembled with poly(allyl amine) (PAAm) to yield LbL multilayer films through amide bond formation by the reaction between activated esters of P1 or P2 and amine groups in PAAm, which was quantitatively monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that the difference in the solubility of P1 and P2 against ethanol, which was used as the solvent for PAAm, during the LbL deposition yields different reaction conversion for the activated esters in either P1 or P2: the reaction conversion of P2 is higher than the conversion with P1. In addition, free (or unreacted) activated esters and amine groups remaining in the PAAm/P1 LbL film were further utilized for the incorporation of multiple functional materials (5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (EDANS) and Rhodamine B dyes in the present case) by post-treatments in order to further tailor the film properties. It was also demonstrated that the surface functional groups (activated esters) in the LbL films can also be utilized for surface patterning with one functional material, followed by functionalization with a second functional material during the post-treatment throughout the whole film. Finally, the PAAm/P1 and PAAm/P2 LbL films were shown to be quite stable in the extreme pH range, and free-standing films can easily be obtained by the treatment of the films with mild acidic conditions. The versatility of incorporating multiple functional materials into a single multilayer film as well as the excellent physicochemical stability of the covalently bonded multilayer free-standing films proves to be quite useful to design flexible and multifunctional thin film structures for many chemical and biological applications.
An overview of industrial beam technology (1988)

High energy beam technology is a term used to describe processes involving electron beams or lasers which can operate at high power densities, typically up to 10/sup 10/ KW/m/sup 2/, or for techniques using beams of ionised species with high kinetic energy, obtained by the application of a high accelerating voltage, generally up to 100 keV. Such processes are now widely accepted as practical alternatives for many industrial applications, and they can frequently be employed in unique situations for which no previous technique existed. The author introduces the main areas of application of high energy beam techniques, as well as presenting an outline of future areas for exploitation and the scope for further developments.<
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Supplementary Document 2 from Integrative Analysis of DCE-MRI and Gene Expression Profiles in Construction of a Gene Classifier for Assessment of Hypoxia-Related Risk of Chemoradiotherapy Failure in Cervical Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Transformation of data from Illumina HT-12 and RT-qPCR assays to Illumina WG-6 scale.&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated visualization for geometry PIG data (2006)

The geometry PIG is a system that can inspect the inside of a pipeline. The amount of pigging data is usually considerable because the system records multi-channel sensor values for a long distance inspection. Therefore, the efficient visualization of geometry PIG data is essential for the operator to analyze the amount of sensor data and to assess the pipeline features and conditions within a few hours. In this paper, we develop a geometry PIG software, which is a powerful and highly user friendly diagnostic tool. It allows the user to visualize the sensor data with various views such as fisheye, histogram and wave views to distinguish particular type of features. Furthermore, an integrated GUI with synchronized multiple views is very effective managing and navigating the multi-channel data. As a result, our system contributes to the high precision of the analysis results as well as in reducing the time to take to analyse the geometry PIG data.
Formal aspects of classifying and selecting business services (2009)

This paper uses the term "service" for a service instance, and the term "agent" for an agent who provides or consumes a service. We consider real-life or business services (e.g., business process out-sourcing, software development service involving human experts). We distinguish business from computational (e.g., Web or grid) services based on the fact that business services lack the typical input-output structure of computational services. For example, one can model a temperature service as one that takes a zipcode as input and produces the current temperature as output. By contrast, it would not help to model a software development service as one that takes a "business problem" as input and produces a suite of "software modules" as output. First, it is clearly beyond the scope of current practice to create formal classes or a type system of business problems and software modules. Second, business services are not invoked but are engaged, and would rarely take single-shot inputs and produce single-shot outputs. Third, business service providers would offer a continuum of expertise along which they can provide effective services. For example, a provider who is good at payroll management may also be able to provide retirement plan management, in contrast with the temperature service example above, which has no other function. Fourth, the selection of business services relies on the agents' evaluation of previous engagements.
Nitric Oxide-Delivering High-Density Lipoprotein-like Nanoparticles as a Biomimetic Nanotherapy for Vascular Diseases (2018)

Disorders of blood vessels cause a range of severe health problems. As a powerful vasodilator and cellular second messenger, nitric oxide (NO) is known to have beneficial vascular functions. However, NO typically has a short half-life and is not specifically targeted. On the other hand, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are targeted natural nanoparticles (NPs) that transport cholesterol in the systemic circulation and whose protective effects in vascular homeostasis overlap with those of NO. Evolving the AuNP-templated HDL-like nanoparticles (HDL NPs), a platform of bioinspired HDL, we set up a targeted biomimetic nanotherapy for vascular disease that combines the functions of NO and HDL. A synthetic S-nitrosylated (SNO) phospholipid (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphonitrosothioethanol) was synthesized and assembled with S-containing phospholipids and the principal protein of HDL, apolipoprotein A-I, to construct NO-delivering HDL-like particles (SNO HDL NPs). SNO HDL NPs self-assemble under mild conditions similar to natural processes, avoiding the complex postassembly modification needed for most synthetic NO-release nanoparticles. In vitro data demonstrate that the SNO HDL NPs merge the functional properties of NO and HDL into a targeted nanocarrier. Also, SNO HDL NPs were demonstrated to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo in a mouse kidney transplant model and atherosclerotic plaque burden in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Thus, the synthesis of SNO HDL NPs provides not only a bioinspired nanotherapy for vascular disease but also a foundation to construct diversified multifunctional platforms based on HDL NPs in the future.
Mechanical Behavior of Hybrids with Hyper-Connected Molecular Networks (2021)

Our research is focused on fundamental studies related to the molecular design, synthesis, characterization and modeling of molecular-reinforced hybrid glass films for superior mechanical and fracture properties. Molecular-reinforced hybrid glass films exhibit unique electro-optical properties while maintaining excellent thermal stability. They have important technological application for emerging nanoscience and energy technologies including anti-reflective and ultra-barrier layers in photovoltaics, display technologies, as well as quantum technologies. However, they are often inherently brittle in nature, do not adhere well to adjacent substrates, and exhibit poor mechanical properties. Furthermore, a robust understanding of the underlying mechanisms of deformation, fracture and fatigue has been lacking particularly given their mechanically fragile nature. The related lack of structure-property relationships between molecular structure, mechanical properties and processing represents a fundamental challenge to their integration into device technologies, compromises their thermomechanical reliability and has thwarted efforts to improve mechanical and, particularly, fracture properties.
A Ga-doped SnO2 mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells (2017)

Increasing the stability of perovskite solar cells is a major challenge for commercialization.
ATR-IR Spektroskopie als inline Analytik für kinetische Untersuchungen der zweiphasigen katalysierten Friedel-Crafts Acylierung (2015)

Immobilization of a molecular catalyst in a second phase is a promising approach to facilitate the separation of reaction products from the catalyst. The intrinsic reaction rate is coupled with themass transport through the interfacial area between the phases. A modified Nitsch cell with ATRIR spectroscopy was used in this work for real-time measurements of absolute concentrations without taking samples out of the reactor.To study the kinetics of the biphasic Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole catalyzed by Indiumtriflateimmobilized in an Ionic Liquid, an extensive calibration was performed to predict concentrationsof all reaction components in both phases with high accuracy (root mean square error of crossvalidation RMSECV < 0.01 mol/L). NMR spectroscopy was used for validation of the results. Forlow concentrations, the error of the IR measurements was higher compared to NMR data, but thisdrawback was compensated by the high data density and the fact that no manual sampling and sample preparation was needed. In experiments without catalyst, a mass transfer coefficient of 10-4 m/s was determined. Monitoring of concentration profiles in both phases in the reactive system provided solid data for kineticstudies. A design of experiments was planned and several experiments were executed to identifyrelevant parameters that influence the total yield of the reaction. A positive impact on the yield was found for high concentration of catalyst as well as with an excess of one of the substrates.The contribution of the reaction temperature could not be fully explained. In reaction runs with high catalyst concentrations an increase of the temperature lead to higher yields whereas inexperiments with low catalyst concentrations, a reaction temperature of more than 60 °C could result in lower amounts or even no product formation.Kinetic modelling based on the experimental data was performed in close collaboration with the process system engineering at RWTH Aachen University, Model candidates with different kineticlaws were fitted to the measured concentration profiles to identify suitable mathematicaldescriptions. The best agreement of theory and experimental results was found for a rate law withexponential product inhibition. The hypothesis is backed by Firas Zayed’s observations incontinuous long term stability tests of this catalyst system. To demonstrate the flexibility of the modified Nitsch cell with inline ATR-IR spectroscopy, a secondreaction was studied. Cyclic ethers like THF can be cleaved under acylating conditions usingIn(OTf)3 as a catalyst in the same biphasic solvent system. A simplified quantification method witha significantly lower amount of calibration samples was developed and tested for this reaction. Concentration profiles in both phases of the substrate were in good agreement with independent offline NMR analysis.
Resolution enhancement and speckle reduction in coherence imaging: a k-space model of optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT) (2020)

We present a preliminary k -space-based analysis of OCT and our recently proposed extension, optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT). Our theory provides insight into how angular compounding enhances resolution and reduces speckle in coherence imaging techniques.