gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of cap layers on electrical properties of indium nitride films (2010)

The unintentional n-type doping in the indium nitride thin films was investigated. The electron density decreases from 3.5×1019 to 9×1018 cm−3 and the mobility increases from 4 to 457 cm2 V−1 s−1 when the thickness increases from 50 to 350 nm. This can be explained by assuming the film consists of a surface accumulation layer and a bulk layer. It was found that the accumulation layer can be eliminated by capping the surface with silicon nitride, GaN or zinc nitride of 2 nm each, respectively; while an AlN cap layer will cause the formation of two-dimensional electron gas at the AlN/InN interface.
Interleukin-2 Suppresses Endothelin-1 Secretion of Cultured Endothelial Cells. (1992)

The effect of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) on endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion was studied in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial (BPAE) cells. IL-2 at concentrations of 1 to 10U/ml significantly suppressed the basal secretion of ET-1 from BPAE cells. The maximal suppression, which was obtained with 1 U/ml of IL-2, was 74% of the control value during 24h incubation. Moreover, incubation for 1h with IL-2 at a concentration of 1U/ml significantly lowered the prepro ET-1 mRNA level, measured by Northern blot analysis. Additions of 10-5M of NG-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and of 10-5M of methylene blue, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, abolished the IL-2-induced suppression of ET-1 secretion. On the other hand, while addition of 10U/ml of thrombin (TB) for 24h significantly enhanced the secretion of ET-1 to about 128% of the control value, this enhancement was also inhibited by 100U/ml of IL-2. IL-2 at more than 1U/ml significantly increased the concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α in the medium. However, addition of indomethacin (10-5M) did not affect the IL-2-induced suppression of the basal ET-1 secretion, suggesting that prostaglandin I2 does not participate in the IL-2-induced suppression. These findings indicate that IL-2 suppressed the synthesis of ET-1 at the mRNA transcription level, and that NO/cyclic GMP system enhanced by IL-2 in the endothelial cells may be responsible for IL-2-induced suppression of ET-1 synthesis. (Hypertens Res 1992; 15: 171-175)
Multi-objective design space exploration for the optimization of the HEVC mode decision process (2016)

Finding the best possible encoding decisions for compressing a video sequence is a highly complex problem. In this work, we propose a multi-objective Design Space Exploration (DSE) method to automatically find HEVC encoder implementations that are optimized for several different criteria. The DSE shall optimize the coding mode evaluation order of the mode decision process and jointly explore early skip conditions to minimize the four objectives a) bitrate, b) distortion, c) encoding time, and d) decoding energy. In this context, we use a SystemC-based actor model of the HM test model encoder for the evaluation of each explored solution. The evaluation that is based on real measurements shows that our framework can automatically generate encoder solutions that save more than 60% of encoding time or 3% of decoding energy when accepting bitrate increases of around 3%.
Low Noise L-band RF-over-fiber Signal Transport for ALPACA on the GBT (2022)

After the catastrophic failure of the Arecibo Tele-scope on Dec. 1, 2020, the intended host telescope for the 69-element wide-field phased array feed ALPACA instrument was lost. Design of the RF -over-fiber (RFoF) signal transport link to the FPGA/GPU digital beamformer back end was revisited to accommodate the physical and operating requirements of a new host telescope. The equivalent noise temperature of the link must be below 850 K in order for signal transport to contribute no more than 1 K to the target system noise temperature performance of 27 K for the instrument. We present progress of the new design and report on its performance.
Surface‐oxide‐controlled InAlN/GaN MOS‐HEMTs with water vapor (2015)

We have investigated the effect of oxidant sources on the performance of InAlN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS‐HEMTs). We clarified that the surface‐oxide of InAlN comprises aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) when using conventional oxygen (O 2 ) plasma, and In 2 O 3 causes the gate leakage and current collapse of InAlN/GaN MOS‐HEMTs due to its narrow bandgap and electron traps, such as oxygen vacancies. Then, we proposed water (H 2 O) vapor oxidation to decrease In 2 O 3 for the surface‐oxide by focusing on the thermal stability of intermediate hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH) x ] is thermally stable because it changes into Al 2 O 3 at 300 °C. On the other hand, indium hydroxide [In(OH) x ] is thermally unstable because it desorbs at 150 °C. Therefore, Al 2 O 3 was selectively increased when using 300 °C H 2 O vapor because of In(OH) x desorption, and the gate leakage and current collapse were successfully reduced due to the decrease in In 2 O 3 . We concluded from these results that a key role in improving the performance of InAlN/GaN MOS‐HEMTs is decreasing In 2 O 3 for the surface‐oxide.
Synthetic Access to a Framework-Stabilized and Fully Sulfided Analogue of an Anderson Polyoxometalate that is Catalytically Competent for Reduction Reactions (2023)

Polyoxometalates (POMs) featuring 7, 12, 18, or more redox-accessible transition metal ions are ubiquitous as selective catalysts, especially for oxidation reactions. The corresponding synthetic and catalytic chemistry of stable, discrete, capping-ligand-free polythiometalates (PTMs), which could be especially attractive for reduction reactions, is much less well developed. Among the challenges are the propensity of PTMs to agglomerate and the tendency for agglomeration to block reactant access of catalyst active sites. Nevertheless, the pervasive presence of transition metal sulfur clusters metalloenzymes or cofactors that catalyze reduction reactions and the justifiable proliferation of studies of two-dimensional (2D) metal-chalcogenides as reduction catalysts point to the promise of well-defined and controllable PTMs as reduction catalysts. Here, we report the fabrication of agglomeration-immune, reactant-accessible, capping-ligand-free Co<sup>II</sup>Mo<sub>6</sub><sup>IV</sup>S<sub>24</sub><sup><i>n</i>-</sup> clusters as periodic arrays in a water-stable, hierarchically porous Zr-metal-organic framework (MOF; NU1K) by first installing a disk-like Anderson polyoxometalate, Co<sup>III</sup>Mo<sub>6</sub><sup>VI</sup>O<sub>24</sub><sup><i>m</i>-</sup>, in size-matched micropores where the siting is established via difference electron density (DED) X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. Flowing H<sub>2</sub>S, while heating, reduces molybdenum(VI) ions to Mo(IV) and quantitatively replaces oxygen anions with sulfur anions (S<sup>2-</sup>, HS<sup>-</sup>, S<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup>). DED maps show that MOF-templated POM-to-PTM conversion leaves clusters individually isolated in open-channel-connected micropores. The structure of the immobilized cluster as determined, in part, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis, and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of total X-ray scattering agrees well with the theoretically simulated structure. PTM@MOF displays both electrocatalytic and photocatalytic competency for hydrogen evolution. Nevertheless, the initially installed PTM appears to be a precatalyst, gaining competency only after the loss of ∼3 to 6 sulfurs and exposure to hydride-forming metal ions.
Blue-Emitting Sr3Si8–xAlxO7+xN8–x:Eu2+ Discovered by a Single-Particle-Diagnosis Approach: Crystal Structure, Luminescence, Scale-Up Synthesis, and Its Abnormal Thermal Quenching Behavior (2015)

The single-particle-diagnosis approach allows for the fast discovery of novel luminescent materials using powdered samples. This paper reports a new blue-emitting Sr3Si8–xAlxO7+xN8–x:Eu2+ phosphor for solid state lighting and its scale-up synthesis. The structure-, composition-, and temperature-dependent luminescence were investigated and discussed by means of various analytic techniques including single-crystal XRD diffractometer, single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectra, decay time, low-temperature luminescence, and computed energy level scheme. Sr3Si8–xAlxO7+xN8–x crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group C2/c, no. 15) with a = 18.1828 (13) Å, b = 4.9721 (4) Å, c = 15.9557 (12) Å, β = 115.994 (10)ο, and Z = 2. The Sr atoms are coordinated to 8 and 6 O/N atoms and located in the voids along [010] formed by vertex-sharing (Si,Al)-(O,N)4 tetrahedra. Phase-pure powder samples of Sr3Si8–xAlxO7+xN8–x:Eu2+ were synthesized from the chemical composition of the single particle by controlling the x value. Luminescence of both a single particle and powders show a broad Eu2+ emission band centered at ∼465 nm and a fwhm of ∼70 nm, under the UV light irradiation. The title phosphor has a band gap of 5.39 eV determined from the UV–vis spectrum, absorption efficiency of 83%, internal quantum efficiency of 44.9%, and external quantum efficiency of 37.4% under the 355 nm excitation. An abnormal thermal quenching behavior is observed in Sr3Si8–xAlxO7+xN8–x:Eu2+ that has a high activation energy for thermal quenching (0.294 eV) but a low thermal quenching temperature (∼370 K), which is ascribed to the partial overlap between the Eu2+ excited energy level and the conduction band of the host.
BCR/ABL+ CML Stem Cells (CD34+/CD38-) Express High Levels of CD33 and Are Responsive to a CD33-Targeting Drug: a New Potential Concept for Eradication of CML Stem Cells. (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3382 Siglec-3 (CD33) is an established therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We and others have shown that CD33 is expressed on immature CD34+/CD38- stem cells in AML. We here report that leukemic stem cells obtained from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) display high levels of CD33, and that CD33 may serve as a potential target in CML. As assessed by multi-color flow cytometry, CD34+/CD38-/CD123+ CML progenitor cells in chronic phase (CP) were found to express significantly higher levels of CD33 compared to normal CD34+/CD38- bone marrow stem cells (figure). By contrast, similar levels of the cell surface antigen MDR1 (CD243) were detected when comparing normal and CML progenitors. In chronic phase (CP) CML, CD33 was found to be expressed homogeneously on most or all CD34+/CD38- stem cells. In patients with accelerated (AP) or myeloid blast phase (BP), CML stem cells also co-expressed CD33, but the levels of CD33 varied from donor to donor, and in one patient, most CML stem cells appeared to be CD33-negative cells. In two patients with CML, CD34+/CD38- cells were highly enriched by cell sorting (purity &gt;98%) and found to contain CD33 mRNA in qPCR analysis. The presence of BCR/ABL and thus the leukemic origin of these cells was confirmed by FISH analysis and PCR. We then examined the effects of the CD33-targeted drug gemtuzumab/ozogamicin (GO) on growth of primary CML cells. As assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake, GO produced growth inhibition in leukemic cells in all patients tested (CP, n=13; AP, n=3). The effects of GO on leukemic cell growth were dose-dependent and occurred at relatively low concentrations, with IC50 values ranging between 1 and 100 ng/ml. GO effects were also seen in precursor-enriched Lin-negative CML cells (n=3). As assessed by Annexin-V staining, GO was found to induce apoptosis in CD34+/CD38- CML progenitor cells. Next we investigated drug combination effects. In these experiments, GO was found to synergize with nilotinib and bosutinib in producing growth inhibition in primary CML cells. In conclusion, CD33 is expressed abundantly on immature CD34+/CD38- progenitor cells in CML. Whether GO can be employed to eradicate residual leukemic stem cells in CML patients alone or in combination with BCR/ABL kinase inhibitors remains at present unknown. Figure: Expression of CD33 on CD34+/CD38- cells in normal bone marrow (n=7) and patients with CML in chronic phase (CP, n=16) or advanced phase (AP/BP, n=11) of the disease. Figure:. Expression of CD33 on CD34+/CD38- cells in normal bone marrow (n=7) and patients with CML in chronic phase (CP, n=16) or advanced phase (AP/BP, n=11) of the disease. Disclosures: Valent: Novartis: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding.
Altering Knee Abduction Angular Impulse Using Wedged Insoles for Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain in Runners: A Six-Week Randomized Controlled Trial (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01332110.
<title>Ordering of metal complex sensitizers on TiO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> nanopowders: structure of interface organic/inorganic</title> (1997)

The crystal structure of three efficient Ru-sensitizers of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> anatase nanopowders are discussed in terms of formation of two-dimensional molecular packings on the anatase surfaces. The surface areas of sensitizer molecules on the flat semiconductor surfaces are calculated. The symmetry of the (001) and (101) surface of naturally grown TiO<SUB>2</SUB> anatase has been investigated using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) technique. The first results on the orientation of sensitizer molecules on the mostly exposed surface (101) of anatase single crystal are obtained from HRTEM data. The amount of sensitizer molecules on the mostly exposed faces of anatase nanocrystals in thin colloidal TiO<SUB>2</SUB> anatase films could be estimated using crystal structure data on both sensitizers structures and anatase surface.
Deriving genomic diagnoses without revealing patient genomes (2017)

Patient genomes are interpretable only in the context of other genomes; however, genome sharing enables discrimination. Thousands of monogenic diseases have yielded definitive genomic diagnoses and potential gene therapy targets. Here we show how to provide such diagnoses while preserving participant privacy through the use of secure multiparty computation. In multiple real scenarios (small patient cohorts, trio analysis, two-hospital collaboration), we used our methods to identify the causal variant and discover previously unrecognized disease genes and variants while keeping up to 99.7% of all participants' most sensitive genomic information private.
Separation of Lanthanides by Continuous Chromatography (2013)

Rare earth elements (REE) are widely used in industrial products, such as magnets, superconductors, and batteries. As the worldwide demand of REEs was increasing drastically during the past decade and the applications require very high purity materials, more efficient purification processes are required. Among the purification methods proposed for REE, chromatography has been considered initially, but was then replaced by extraction in the production scale because of its higher cost. In this work, we investigate the possibility of using continuous countercurrent chromatography to decrease the purification cost. In particular, a model mixture of three REE species (praseodymium, cerium, and lanthanum) has been considered with the aim of purifying all three components in a single step to >95% with high yield. It is found that this performance can be achieved with a yield of 75.4% and a productivity increase of 5 to 15-fold with respect to batch chromatography. However, the productivity value remains too low (approximately 1 g per liter stationary phase and day) for large scale applications. This is due to the low loading caused by the limited solubility of the REE in the adopted buffer used. Possibilities to overcome this limitation are discussed.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Anionic Surfactants with Macrocounterions:  Tetramethylammonium Dodecyl Sulfate (2005)

Micellar solutions of tetramethylammonium dodecyl sulfate have been studied to determine the degree of counterion binding. Tetramethylammonium chloride was added over a wide range of surfactant concentrations such that the total concentration of tetramethylammonium ions in solution remained constant. Small angle neutron scattering experiments showed a constancy in aggregation number across this series, consistent with the constant C(aq) concept of Bales et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 6798). Pulsed-field gradient and electrophoretic NMR experiments were used to determine the degree of counterion dissociation, alpha, which was found to be 0.33. This value is in contrast to the value from conductivity measurements (alpha = 0.2), but supports the concept of an aggregation number based definition of alpha.
In-Situ Thermal Investigation of LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 Lithium Ion Cells (2008)

Two spinel structures, LiMn2O4 as cathode and Li4Ti5O12 as anode, were studied as a promising chemistry for lithium-ion batteries. Both materials were studied for its electrochemical performance and heat generated during cycling by IMC at 25oC. Both electrodes exhibited good reversible capacities. Their thermal behaviors during cycling were similar in half cells and most of their heat develops at the end of the charge and discharge processes. Also, the heat generated by a LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 cell was estimated using the individual heat generated by LiMn2O4 and Li4Ti5O12 materials.
Comparative Analysis on the Effects of Diesel Particulate Filter and Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems on a Wide Spectrum of Chemical Species Emissions (2008)

Two methods, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems,for controlling diesel emissions have become widely used, either independently or together, for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations worldwide. Each of these systems is designed for the reduction of primary pollutant emissions including particulate matter (PM) for DPF and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for SCR. However, there have been growing concerns regarding the secondary reactions that these aftertreatment systems may promote, involving unregulated species emissions. This study was performed to gain an understanding of the effects that these aftertreatment systems may have on the emission levels of a wide spectrum of chemical species found in diesel engine exhaust. Samples were extracted using a source dilution sampling system designed to collect exhaust samples representative of real-world emissions. Testing was conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine with no aftertreatment devices to establish a baseline measurement and also on the same engine equipped first with a DPF system and then a SCR system. Each of the samples was analyzed for a wide variety of chemical species, including elemental and organic carbon, metals, ions, n-alkanes, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to the primary pollutants, due to the potential risks they pose to the environment and public health. The results show that the DPF and SCR systems were capable of substantially reducing PM and NOx emissions, respectively. Further, each of the systems significantly reduced the emission levels of the unregulated chemical species, while the notable formation of new chemical species was not observed. It is expected that a combination of the two systems in some future engine applications would reduce both primary and secondary emissions significantly.
Short-term patching does not affect interocular correlation sensitivity (2017)

Binocular vision and subsequently global stereopsis results from the integration of two similar but not identical retinal images. As such, sensitivity to interocular correlation is a necessary precursor to global stereopsis. Short-term (150 mins) monocular deprivation has been shown to both enhance the contribution of the occluded eye to binocular combination and to improving stereoacuity (Ng and Farrell, 2016). In the present study, we adapted the quick Contrast Sensitivity Function (qCSF, Lesmes et al., 2010) to the quick Correlation Sensitivity Function (qCorrSF) to examine the effect of patching on the discrimination of interocular correlation. The stimuli used to measure interocular correlation consisted of two dichoptic noise patterns modulated by a sinusoidal oblique envelope of correlation structure (45° or 135° degrees). At the peak of the sinusoid, the two patterns were maximally correlated and at the trough they were minimally correlated. We compared subjects' baseline qCorrSF to their performance after 150 minutes of monocular deprivation with a diffuser eye-patch, and took an additional measure at 30 minutes after patching. Our study took place over the course of three separate days. Across these sessions, we counterbalanced the order in which we either patched subjects' dominant or non-dominant eye, or conducted a control session where no eye was patched. Our preliminary results have not indicated a consistent effect of patching on subjects' correlation sensitivity function. While patching has been shown to improve stereoacuity, our results indicate that this effect may not be attributed to an enhanced sensitivity to interocular correlation. Acknowledgements ERA-NET NEURON Grant (JTC 2015) to RFH Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
EDA-based joint power, subcarrier allocation and relay assignment scheme for multiuser relaying in OFDMA-based cognitive radio systems (2011)

In this paper, we present an interference and channel conditions aware multiple relay assignment and subcarrier allocation scheme for OFDMA based cognitive radio systems employing cooperative transmission using Decode and Forward (DF) technique. We focus on the problem of assigning the relays, the relay powers and allocating the subcarriers to the destination nodes using the sum capacity of the cognitive radio system as the objective function to be maximized under the constraint of maximum acceptable levels of interference for the primary users (PU). The computational complexity of this assignment using exhaustive search algorithm grows exponentially with the number of relays, subcarriers and receivers. Thus we propose Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) for this assignment problem. EDA is a probabilistic evolutionary algorithm which updates its population at each iteration on the basis of the probability densities obtained from the population of superior candidates evaluated and chosen at the previous iteration. EDA employed with our allocation scheme has low computational complexity and its performance is comparable to the Upper Bound of the solution as shown by various simulation results.
Net Ultrafiltration Prescription and Practice Among Critically Ill Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy: A Multinational Survey of Critical Care Practitioners (2019)

Our study provides new knowledge about the presence and extent of international practice variation in net ultrafiltration. We also identified barriers and specific targets for quality improvement initiatives. Our data reflect the need for evidence-based practice guidelines for net ultrafiltration.
Ge-on-Si wavelength division multiplexing components near 4.7 µm (2018)

Wavelength division multiplexing components based on Ge-on-Si waveguides are presented for operation near 4.7 µm wavelength. Transmission characteristics of 1×1 and 2×2 MZIs (35 dB extinction) and AWGs (25.7 dB cross-talk) are reported.