gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrete Implementation and Linearization of a New Polar Modulator-Based Mixerless Wireless Transmitter Suitable for High Reconfigurability (2015)

A novel polar modulator-based transmitter architecture that uses an analog RF variable gain amplifier (VGA) and an analog phase shifter is proposed and implemented using discrete elements. This architecture translates the baseband phase signal to RF without using mixers and quadrature up-converter circuits. Accordingly, spurs and distortions that are typically associated with the mixers are absent over a wide frequency band. As such, no filtering is needed at the output of the proposed transmitter. The absence of RF band pass filter provides wider RF bandwidth which would make the transmitter design reconfigurable and more suitable for integration. The proposed transmitter architecture has unusual signal distortion effects due to amplitude and phase nonlinearity in the VGA and the phase shifter. Indeed, this distortion consists not only in amplitude-to-amplitude (AM/AM) and amplitude-to-phase (AM/PM) distortions, but also includes phase-to-amplitude (PM/AM) and phase-to-phase (PM/PM) distortion. Hence, a new behavioral model using augmented complex memory polynomial is proposed to mitigate these complex nonlinear effects. The performance of the linearized transmitter is tested using long-term evolution (LTE) signals and the signal quality is assessed in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM). The measured EVM of the LTE signal of 1.4 MHz bandwidth at the output of the transmitter improved from 9.82% to 0.43% using digital predistortion technique. The measured adjacent channel leakage-power ratio (ACLR) of the proposed transmitter is 59 dBc.
Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A: Part 2: Second Generation Strategy and Construction of EFGH Model System (1999)

Dissection at the ring F oxocene of brevetoxin A formed the basis of the second generation strategy for the total synthesis of this molecule. In this case the planned hydroxy ketal cyclization was successful, and selective reduction of the resulting product gave the EFGH ring system of the target molecule.
Insulin-Receptor Autophosphorylation and Endogenous Substrate Phosphorylation in Human Adipocytes From Control, Obese, and NIDDM Subjects (1990)

We identified a possible endogenous substrate (pp185) of the insulin-receptor kinase in human adipocytes by treating intact cells with insulin and immunoblotting the cellular extracts with polyclonal antiphosphotyrosine antibody. This 185,000-Mr protein was phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin in both rat and human adipocytes. The time course of pp185 phosphorylation at 37 degrees C was rapid and corresponded closely to insulin-receptor autophosphorylation but preceded insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Unlike many growth factor receptors, including the insulin receptor, pp185 was not adsorbed to wheat-germ agglutinin. We found that pp185 phosphorylation occurred at 12 degrees C and that the phosphoprotein was associated with both cytoplasmic and membrane fractions at this temperature. Furthermore, pp185 phosphorylation was induced to the same extent as insulin by vanadate and hydrogen peroxide, compounds previously shown to mimic the biologic effects of insulin. In addition, dose-response analysis of insulin-stimulated glucose transport, receptor autophosphorylation, and pp185 phosphorylation resulted in ED50 values of 0.3, 12, and 12 ng/ml, respectively. These results demonstrate the magnitude of "spare" autophosphorylation and pp185 phosphorylation with respect to glucose transport stimulation in human adipocytes. To determine whether the insulin resistance characteristic of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and obesity is associated with a defect in receptor autophosphorylation and/or endogenous substrate phosphorylation, we estimated the extent of beta-subunit and pp185 phosphorylation in adipocytes from NIDDM, obese, and healthy subjects. Although the efficiency of coupling between receptor activation and pp185 phosphorylation was normal in obesity and NIDDM, the capacity for insulin-receptor autophosphorylation was approximately 50% lower in NIDDM subjects compared with nondiabetic obese or lean subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Silica Gels with Tunable Nanopores through Templating of the L3 Phase (1999)

We describe a detailed synthesis of a silicified inorganic/organic nanoporous monolithic composite conforming to the lyotropic liquid crystalline L3 phase. The pore dimensions of the silicified L3 phase scale with the solvent volume fraction in the synthesis reaction mixture. Changing the solvent fraction in the initial solution changes the ultimate pore diameter in the silicate, providing a simple method for tuning the diameter of the pores in the matrix. The resulting monolith is optically isotropic and transparent with a nonperiodic network. Accessible pores (which permeate the entire structure) in the silicified materials correlate with the solvent domain of the original liquid crystalline phase and therefore negate the need to remove the surfactant in order to gain access to the pore network. Measured characteristic dimensions are from 6 to well over 35 nm. X-ray scattering studies indicate a low polydispersity in the pore diameters for a given solvent fraction. Transmission electron and atomic force microscope images are consistent with a random morphology and measured surface areas exceed 960 m2 g-1 in extracted materials.
Differential Anti-MART-1/MelanA CTL Activity in Peripheral Blood of HLA-A2 Melanoma Patients in Comparison to Healthy Donors (1996)

MART-1 is expressed ir both normal and neoplastic cells of melanocytic origin. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from melanoma patients recognize and lyse tumor cells after repetitive in vitro stimulation with the immunodominant peptide MART-1(27-35). In this study, we compared the characteristics of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to MART-1 in PBMC from 13 HLA-A2 melanoma patients with PBMC from 9 normal healthy donors stimulated in vitro with MART-1(27-35) (AAGIGILTV) or FluM1(58-66) (GILGFVFTL) peptides. The expansion rate among CTLs from different patients was variable and did not correlate with the development of specificity against the MART-1(27-35) or FluM1(58-66) peptides. Specific anti-MART-1(27-35) cytotoxicity could be generated in 13 of 13 melanoma patients but only in 5 of 9 healthy donors (p < 0.001). Anti-FluM1(58-66) activity could be generated in six of seven melanoma patients and six of seven healthy donors. Specific activity against MART-1(27-35), but not FluM1(58-66), was detectable significantly earlier after repetitive in vitro stimulation in melanoma patients (22.7 +/- 2.0 days compared with 32.7 +/- 1.7 days for healthy donors, p < 0.01). This report provides the first evidence of an enhanced level of sensitization of tumor-bearing hosts compared with normal individuals against a differentiation antigen shared by tumor and normal cells of the same lineage. These findings may have important implications for delineating events involved in the biology of tumor rejection naturally or in response to active specific immunotherapy.
On the Bit-Complexity of Lempel--Ziv Compression (2013)

One of the most famous and investigated lossless data-compression schemes is the one introduced by Lempel and Ziv about 30 years ago [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 23 (1977), pp. 337--343]. This compression scheme is known as “dictionary-based compressor” and consists of squeezing an input string by replacing some of its substrings with (shorter) codewords which are actually pointers to a dictionary of phrases built as the string is processed. Surprisingly enough, although many fundamental results are nowadays known about the speed and effectiveness of this compression process, “we are not aware of any parsing scheme that achieves optimality$\ldots$under any constraint on the codewords other than being of equal length” [N. Rajpoot and C. Sahinalp, in Handbook of Lossless Data Compression, Academic Press, New York, 2002, p. 159]. Here optimality means to achieve the minimum number of bits in compressing each individual input string without any assumption on its generating source. In this paper we investigate some issues pertaining to the bit-complexity of LZ77-based compressors, the most powerful variant of the LZ-compression scheme, and we design algorithms which achieve bit-optimality in the compressed output size by taking efficient/optimal time and optimal space.
Topologies for regenerative cascaded multilevel inverters (2003)

This paper presents a comparison of several regenerative cascaded inverters and introduces a new topology with a reduced number of power semiconductors. The control strategy of the converters is discussed in detail and results are provided to evaluate the topologies and the control methods. All the discussed regenerative topologies generate a high quality load voltage and almost sinusoidal input currents even during regeneration and therefore, other criteria such as switch count are used to make the evaluation of the different alternatives.
Prostate Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer (2005)

Understanding prostate stem cells (PSCs) may provide insight for the design of therapeutics for prostate cancer. We have developed a quantitative in vivo colony-forming assay and have demonstrated that the Sca-1 antigen is present on the surface of a prostate cell subpopulation that possesses multiple stem cell properties. Immunofluorescent analysis demonstrates that Sca-1 is expressed by both basal and luminal cells in the proximal region of the adult prostate, but is not expressed by either lineage in more distal regions. The proximal region has been suggested as the PSC niche based on BrdU label-retention studies and the presence of distinct smooth-muscle cells that produce high levels of TGF-beta. Sca-1 is also expressed by nearly all cells within fetal prostate epithelial chords, suggesting Sca-1 may be conserved on PSCs throughout development. Malignant epithelial cells from TRAMP mice, as well as normal prostate cells with lentiviral-mediated alteration of the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway, give rise to PIN lesions and prostate cancer in vivo. Alteration of PTEN/AKT signaling in Sca-1-enriched PSCs also results in PIN lesions, suggesting that PSCs can serve as one target for prostate carcinogenesis.
Dimeric lipo-α/sulfono-γ-AA hybrid peptides as broad-spectrum antibiotic agents (2021)

There is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotic agents that can combat emerging drug resistance. Herein, we report the design and investigation of a class of short dimeric antimicrobial lipo-α/sulfono-γ-AA hybrid peptides. Some of these peptides exhibit potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity toward both clinically related Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The TEM study suggests that these hybrid peptides can compromise bacterial membranes and lead to bacterial death. Membrane depolarization and fluorescence microscopy studies also indicate that the mechanism of action is analogous to host-defense peptides (HDPs). Furthermore, the lead compound shows the ability to effectively inhibit biofilms formed from MRSA and E. coli. Further development of the short dimeric lipo-α/sulfono-γ-AA hybrid peptides may lead to a new generation of antimicrobial biomaterials to combat drug resistance.
Pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. (1998)

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by intestinal hamartomatous polyps, mucocutaneous melanin deposition, and increased risk of cancer. Families with PJS from the Johns Hopkins Polyposis Registry were studied to identify the molecular basis of this syndrome and to characterize the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal hamartomas and adenocarcinomas in PJS patients. Linkage analysis in the family originally described by Jeghers in 1949 and five other families confirmed linkage to 19p13.3 near a recently identified gene responsible for PJS. Germ-line mutations in this gene, STK11, were identified in all six families by sequencing genomic DNA. Analysis of hamartomas and adenocarcinomas from patients with PJS identified loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 19p markers near STK11 in 70% of tumors. Haplotype analysis indicated that the retained allele carried a germ-line mutation, confirming that STK11 is a tumor suppressor gene. LOH of 17p and 18q was identified in an adenocarcinoma but not in hamartomas, implying that allelic loss of these two regions corresponds to late molecular events in the pathogenesis of cancer in PJS. The adenocarcinomas showing 17p LOH also demonstrated altered p53 by immunohistochemistry. None of the 18 PJS tumors showed microsatellite instability, LOH on 5q near APC, or mutations in codons 12 or 13 of the K-ras proto-oncogene. These data provide evidence that STK11 is a tumor suppressor gene that acts as an early gatekeeper regulating the development of hamartomas in PJS and suggest that hamartomas may be pathogenetic precursors of adenocarcinoma. Additional somatic mutational events underlie the progression of hamartomas to adenocarcinomas, and some of these somatic mutations are common to the later stages of tumor progression seen in the majority of colorectal carcinomas.
The IFN-γ-Inducible GTPase, Irga6, Protects Mice against Toxoplasma gondii but Not against Plasmodium berghei and Some Other Intracellular Pathogens (2011)

Clearance of infection with intracellular pathogens in mice involves interferon-regulated GTPases of the IRG protein family. Experiments with mice genetically deficient in members of this family such as Irgm1(LRG-47), Irgm3(IGTP), and Irgd(IRG-47) has revealed a critical role in microbial clearance, especially for Toxoplasma gondii. The in vivo role of another member of this family, Irga6 (IIGP, IIGP1) has been studied in less detail. We investigated the susceptibility of two independently generated mouse strains deficient in Irga6 to in vivo infection with T. gondii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania mexicana, L. major, Listeria monocytogenes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Plasmodium berghei. Compared with wild-type mice, mice deficient in Irga6 showed increased susceptibility to oral and intraperitoneal infection with T. gondii but not to infection with the other organisms. Surprisingly, infection of Irga6-deficient mice with the related apicomplexan parasite, P. berghei, did not result in increased replication in the liver stage and no Irga6 (or any other IRG protein) was detected at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane in IFN-γ-induced wild-type cells infected with P. berghei in vitro. Susceptibility to infection with T. gondii was associated with increased mortality and reduced time to death, increased numbers of inflammatory foci in the brains and elevated parasite loads in brains of infected Irga6-deficient mice. In vitro, Irga6-deficient macrophages and fibroblasts stimulated with IFN-γ were defective in controlling parasite replication. Taken together, our results implicate Irga6 in the control of infection with T. gondii and further highlight the importance of the IRG system for resistance to this pathogen.
Model Informed Development of VRC01 in Newborn Infants Using a Population Pharmacokinetics Approach (2020)

VRC01 is a first‐in‐class, potent, broadly neutralizing antibody that targets the CD4 binding site of gp120 on HIV‐1 viruses, and is under development as a novel HIV therapeutic. This study utilized population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling to characterize VRC01 PK to guide dosing selection for ongoing phase II clinical trials in pediatric patients. Combining VRC01 PK data from 3 adult and 1 infant clinical trials, a total of 1,475 VRC01 serum concentrations from 100 participants were used in the analysis (40 infants and 60 adults). VRC01 was administered either i.v. or s.c. (1–40 mg/kg). All infants received s.c. doses as compared with 13% s.c. and 87% i.v. in adults. The data were well‐described by a two‐compartment model. Clearance was 37% higher in adults with HIV infection and 83% lower in infants than adults. Subcutaneous bioavailability was 55% in adults. Rapid absorption was seen in infants indicating therapeutic levels could be achieved quickly. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine optimal dosing and demonstrated 40 mg/kg s.c. at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 10 would maintain VRC01 levels at the suppressive target concentration of 50 μg/mL for the first 14 weeks of life in infants. The current analysis provides new insight into differences in monoclonal antibody PK between infants and adults and demonstrates the utility of a population PK approach in informing drug development for infant populations.
A generalized Gaussian image model for edge-preserving MAP estimation (1993)

The authors present a Markov random field model which allows realistic edge modeling while providing stable maximum a posterior (MAP) solutions. The model, referred to as a generalized Gaussian Markov random field (GGMRF), is named for its similarity to the generalized Gaussian distribution used in robust detection and estimation. The model satisfies several desirable analytical and computational properties for map estimation, including continuous dependence of the estimate on the data, invariance of the character of solutions to scaling of data, and a solution which lies at the unique global minimum of the a posteriori log-likelihood function. The GGMRF is demonstrated to be useful for image reconstruction in low-dosage transmission tomography.
Preparation and Characterization of Cobaltosic Oxide Powder by Precipitation Method (2012)

The cobaltosic oxide powder was prepared by precipitation method with cobalt nitrate as the cobalt origin and ammonium carbonate as the precipitator.The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide product were characterized and analyzed by TG,XRD,IR and laser particles analysis.The effects of the calcination temperature,concentration of reactant and reaction time on product were studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Ring‐Opening Reactions Are Complete in Picoseconds: A Time‐Resolved UV Resonance Raman Study of 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
State pruning for test vector generation for a multiprocessor cache coherence protocol (2004)

Verification is extremely important in designing digital systems such as a cache coherence protocol. Generating traces for system verification using a model checker and then using the traces to drive the RTL logic design simulation is an efficient method for debugging. This method has been called the witness string method (Abts and Roberts, 1999), which is based on DFS. We investigate a state pruning method that exploits multiple search heuristics in simultaneous DFS searches to choose the most efficient traces. We distribute the hash table of the entire state space among the simultaneous searches so that they cooperate to avoid redundant state exploration. To evaluate this search algorithm, we implant several protocol bugs in the Stanford DASH cache coherence protocol. Using an IBM Power4 system with the Berkeley Active Message library, we show an improvement in witness strings generation through the state pruning method over a pure DFS and a guided DFS.
Towards Biocontained Cell Factories: An Evolutionarily Adapted Escherichia coliStrain Produces a New-to-nature Bioactive Lantibiotic ContainingThienopyrrole-Alanine (2016)

Genetic code engineering that enables reassignment of genetic codons to non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) is a powerful strategy for enhancing ribosomally synthesized peptides and proteins with functions not commonly found in Nature. Here we report the expression of a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP), the 32-mer lantibiotic lichenicidin with a canonical tryptophan (Trp) residue replaced by the ncAA L-β-(thieno[3,2-b]pyrrolyl)alanine ([3,2]Tpa) which does not sustain cell growth in the culture. We have demonstrated that cellular toxicity of [3,2]Tpa for the production of the new-to-nature bioactive congener of lichenicidin in the host Escherichia coli can be alleviated by using an evolutionarily adapted host strain MT21 which not only tolerates [3,2]Tpa but also uses it as a proteome-wide synthetic building block. This work underscores the feasibility of the biocontainment concept and establishes a general framework for design and large scale production of RiPPs with evolutionarily adapted host strains.
Elastomer Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Elastomers are reinforced with functionalized, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) giving them high-breaking strain levels and low densities. Cross-linked elastomers are prepared using amine-terminated, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), with an average molecular weight of 5,000 daltons, and a functionalized SWNT. Cross-link densities, estimated on the basis of swelling data in toluene (a dispersing solvent) indicated that the polymer underwent cross-linking at the ends of the chains. This thermally initiated cross-linking was found to occur only in the presence of the aryl alcohol functionalized SWNTs. The cross-link could have been via a hydrogen-bonding mechanism between the amine and the free hydroxyl group, or via attack of the amine on the ester linage to form an amide. Tensile properties examined at room temperature indicate a three-fold increase in the tensile modulus of the elastomer, with rupture and failure of the elastomer occurring at a strain of 6.5.
Rapid test for the evaluation of the activity of the prodrug hydroxymethylnitrofurazone in the processing of Trypanosoma cruzi messenger RNAs (2007)

No fully effective treatment has been developed since the discovery of Chagas' disease by Carlos Chagas in 1909. Since drug-resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strains are occurring and the current therapy is effectiveness in the acute phase but with various adverse side effects, more studies are needed to characterize the susceptibility of T. cruzi to new drugs. Many natural and/or synthetic substances showing trypanocidal activity have been used, even though they are not likely to be turned into clinically approved drugs. Originally, drug screening was performed using natural products, with only limited knowledge of the molecular mechanism involved in the development of diseases. Trans-splicing, which is unusual RNA processing reaction and occurs in nematodes and trypanosomes, implies the processing of polycistronic transcription units into individual mRNAs; a short transcript spliced leader (SL RNA) is trans-spliced to the acceptor pre-mRNA, giving origin to the mature mRNA. In the present study, permeable cells of T. cruzi epimastigote forms (Y, BOL and NCS strains) were treated to evaluate the interference of two drugs (hydroxymethylnitrofurazone - NFOH-121 and nitrofurazone) in the trans-splicing reaction using silver-stained PAGE analysis. Both drugs induced a significant reduction in RNA processing at concentrations from 5 to 12.5 microM. These data agreed with the biological findings, since the number of parasites decreased, especially with NFOH-121. This proposed methodology allows a rapid and cost-effective screening strategy for detecting drug interference in the trans-splicing mechanism of T. cruzi.