gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light and living matter. Volume 1: The physical part (Clayton, Roderick K.) (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTLight and living matter. Volume 1: The physical part (Clayton, Roderick K.)Douglas C. Neckers Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 6, A420Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1971Published inissue 1 June 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/ed048pA420.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (7 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Losing It Online (2014)

Many people struggle with their weight and are turning to online communities for social and informational support. The aim of this study is to understand the issues commonly discussed in online weight loss communities. Through observation and content analysis of threads in one specific weight loss community, we identified 17 distinct categories discussed by the participants. We detail four categories specifically: Personal Experience, Consumption Choices, Dieting Strategy, and Exercise. Our analysis describes some key user roles and states that often relate to different phases of a person's weight loss journey. We identify a set of transient states, which are not proper roles but are significant in an online community where individuals are attempting to change their own behaviors. We close with design suggestions for encouraging and maintaining participant engagement in an online health community
Monitoring fungus infestation of common beech wood using terahertz radiation (2019)

Abstract Wood is one of the most widely used materials for construction projects, in the furniture industry, as well as in the field of cultural property of valuable objects. Terahertz (THz) radiation has great potential for non-contact and non-destructive analysis of wooden materials. This article reports a study of the degree of growth of Trametes versicolor in wood samples, using THz radiation. The analysis compares the THz results to microscopic examinations of the samples, common beech incubated with T. versicolor , at different growth times. The results indicate a strong correlation between the parameters extracted from THz measurements and the progress of the fungal infestation, suggesting that THz imaging may be a valuable tool for non-contact inspection of wood.
Characterization of Pore Structure in a Nanoporous Low-Dielectric-Constant Thin Film by Neutron Porosimetry and X-ray Porosimetry (2004)

A small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) porosimetry technique is presented for characterization of pore structure in nanoporous thin films. The technique is applied to characterize a spin-on organosilicate low dielectric constant (low-k) material with a random pore structure. Porosimetry experiments are conducted using a "contrast match" solvent (a mixture of toluene-d8 and toluene-h8) having the same neutron scattering length density as that of the nanoporous film matrix. The film is exposed to contrast match toluene vapor in a carrier gas (air), and pores fill with liquid by capillary condensation. The partial pressure of the solvent vapor is increased stepwise from 0 (pure air) to P0 (saturated solvent vapor) and then decreased stepwise to 0 (pure air). As the solvent partial pressure increases, pores fill with liquid solvent progressively from smallest to largest. SANS measurements quantify the average size of the empty pores (those not filled with contrast match solvent). Analogous porosimetry experiments using specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) quantify the volume fraction of solvent adsorbed at each step. Combining SXR and SANS data yields information about the pore size distribution and illustrates the size dependence of the filling process. For comparison, the pore size distribution is also calculated by application of the classical Kelvin equation to the SXR data.
Comparative Issues of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

After an introduction to lithium insertion compounds and the principles of Li-ion cells, we present a comparative study of the physical and electrochemical properties of positive electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Electrode materials include three different classes of lattices according to the dimensionality of the Li+ ion motion in them: olivine, layered transition-metal oxides and spinel frameworks. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared with emphasis on synthesis difficulties, electrochemical stability, faradaic performance and security issues.
An Analytical Ap roach Toward Monitoring Degraldation in Engineering Thermop P astic Materials Used for Electricail Applications (1996)

Engineering thermoplastics are being used in a broad array of applications throughout the electrical industry. Polyester thermoplastics offer desirable electrical and mechanical properties; but when used in the wrong environments, they can be susceptible to hydrolysis. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be used as an analytical tool for monitoring the degree of hydrolytic degradation occurring to engineering thermoplastic materials. By characterizing the molecular weight distribution of a polymer, a direct method of assessing the mechanical performance of the material can be obtained. Three polyester materials, i.e., PBT, PET and PCT, along with two polyphthalamide materials (PPA) were environmentally degraded at a temperature of 60°C and a relative humidity level of 100%. The changes in molecular weight distribution with respect to time are monitored and related to the tensile strength values for the materials. The results reveal that the PBT and PET materials are the most susceptible to hydrolytic degradation. The PPA materials proved to be quite resistent to hydrolytic degradation. Also, the two PPA materials were found to be quite different in terms of their molecular weight distributions and tensile strength characteristics.
Influence of polydispersity of crystallizable segments on the properties of segmented block copolymers (2008)

Abstract Poly(ether‐ester‐amide)s (PEEAs) based on poly(tetramethylene oxide) and tetra‐amide segments were synthesized by a solution/melt polymerization. The tetra‐amide segments (T6A6T) were based on adipic acid (A), terephthalic acid (T), and hexamethylene diamine (6), and were synthesized prior to the polymerization. Monodisperse tetra‐amide segments, i.e. T6A6T, as well as polydisperse segments, consisting of a mixture of uniform segments of diamide (T6T), tetra‐amide (T6A6T), and hexa‐amide (T6A6A6T), were utilized in the preparation of the PEEAs. In this way, a polydispersity index ranging from 1.0 to 1.09 could be obtained. In addition, a random copolymer, synthesized by a one‐pot polymerization, was also studied and the copolymer had a polydispersity of 1.2. The low polydispersity of the one‐pot synthesis amide segments was mainly due to the uneven reactivity of the terephthalic ester groups. The properties of copolymers were studied by DSC, FTIR, DMTA, compression set, and tensile set measurements. When the polydispersity of the amide segments was increased, the copolymers displayed a slower crystallization, a lower final crystallinity, a broader melting transition, a decreased storage modulus at room temperature, as well as a decreased yield strength and inferior elastic properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Flexible Optical Waveguides for Uniform Periscleral Cross-Linking (2017)

We developed flexible waveguides for periscleral cross-linking. We demonstrated efficient and uniform stiffening of a 5-mm-wide equatorial band of scleral tissue.
Figure S1 from Stimulation of Oncogene-Specific Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells through Combined Vaccine and αPD-1 Enable Sustained Antitumor Responses against Established HER2 Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy (PRIT™) for Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL): Initial Phase I/II Study Results (2000)

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) was investigated in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The PRIT approach used in this study is a multi-step delivery system in which an antibody is used to target streptavidin to a tumor associated antigen receptor, and subsequently biotin is then used to target 90Y radioisotope to the tumor localized streptavidin. A chimeric, IgG1, anti-CD20 antibody, designated C2B8 or Rituximab, was conjugated to streptavidin (SA) and administered to patients with NHL. Thirty-four hours later, a clearing agent, synthetic biotin-N-acetyl-galactosamine, was administered to remove non-localized conjugate from the circulation. Finally, a DOTA-biotin ligand, labeled with 111In for imaging and/or 90Y for therapy was administered. Ten patients with relapsed or refractory NHL were studied. In three patients, the C2B8/SA conjugate was radiolabeled with a trace amount of 186Re in order to assess pharmacokinetics and biodistribution using gamma camera imaging. Seven patients received 30 or 50 mCi/m2 90Y DOTA-biotin. Re-186 C2B8/SA images confirmed that the conjugate localized to known tumor sites and that the clearing agent removed > 95% of the conjugate from the circulation. Radiolabeled biotin localized well to tumor. Unbound radiobiotin was rapidly excreted from the whole body and normal organs. The mean tumor dose calculated was 29 +/- 23 cGy/mCi 90Y and the average whole body dose was 0.76 +/- 0.3 cGy/mCi 90Y, resulting in a mean tumor to whole body dose ratio of 38:1. Only grade I/II non-hematologic toxicity was observed. Hematologic toxicity was also not severe; i.e., five of the seven patients who received 30 or 50 mCi/m2 of 90Y-DOTA-biotin experienced only transient grade III (but no grade IV) hematologic toxicity. Although six of ten patients developed humoral immune responses to the streptavidin, these were delayed and transient and hence may not preclude retreatment. Six of seven patients who received 30 or 50mCi/m2 90Y achieved objective tumor regression, including three complete and one partial response. The estimate of tumor to whole body dose ratio (38:1) achieved with PRIT in these NHL patients is higher than has been achieved in other studies using conventional RIT. Toxicity was mild and tumor response encouraging. PRIT clearly deserves additional study in patients with NHL.
Tunable, broadband and high-efficiency Si/Ge hot luminescence with plasmonic nanocavity array (2016)

In addition to the massive application in the electronics industry for decades, silicon has been considered as one of the best candidates for the photonics industry. However, a high-efficiency, broadband light source is still a challenge. In this paper, we theoretically propose a Si/Ge based platform consisting of plasmonic nanocavity array to realize the tunable, broadband, and high-efficiency Si/Ge hot luminescence from infrared to visible region with large luminescence enhancement (about 103). It is demonstrated that the large luminescence enhancement is due to the resonance between the intrinsic hot luminescence and the plasmonic nanocavity modes with ultra-small effective mode volumes. And, the size and Ge composition of Si1−xGex nanowire can be tuned to realize the tunable and broadband luminescence. This study gives rise to many applications in silicon photonics, like ultrafast optical communications, sensors, and on-chip spectral measurements.
Influence of Xenogeneic and Alloplastic Carriers for Bone Augmentation on Human Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells (2022)

Alloplastic and xenogeneic bone grafting materials are frequently used for bone augmentation. The effect of these materials on precursor cells for bone augmentation is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to ascertain, in vitro, how augmentation materials influence the growth rates and viability of human unrestricted somatic stem cells. The biocompatibility of two xenogeneic and one alloplastic bone graft was tested using human unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs). Proliferation, growth, survival and attachment of unrestricted somatic stem cells were monitored after 24 h, 48 h and 7 days. Furthermore, cell shape and morphology were evaluated by SEM. Scaffolds were assessed for their physical properties by Micro-CT imaging. USSCs showed distinct proliferation on the different carriers. Greatest proliferation was observed on the xenogeneic carriers along with improved viability of the cells. Pore sizes of the scaffolds varied significantly, with the xenogeneic materials providing greater pore sizes than the synthetic inorganic material. Unrestricted somatic stem cells in combination with a bovine collagenous bone block seem to be very compatible. A scaffold's surface morphology, pore size and bioactive characteristics influence the proliferation, attachment and viability of USSCs.
Triterpenoid Saponins from Vaccaria segetalis (1998)

Two new triterpenoid saponins, named segetoside D and E, have been isolated from the seeds of Vaccaria segetalis. On the basis of chemical reactions and spectral data, structures of segetoside D and E have been established as: 28-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[5-O-acetyl-α-arabinofuranosyl(1→3)]-[4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl]-quillaic acid-3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)]-6-O-methyl ester-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and 28-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[5-O-acetyl-α-arabinofuranosyl(1→3)]-[4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranosyl]-quillaic acid -3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)]-6-O-n-butyl ester-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, respectively.
Synthesis and Properties of a Series of Well-Defined and Polydisperse Benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b‘]dithiophene Oligomers (2007)

Monodisperse and polydisperse oligomers of benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene (BDT) (1-14), including three types of oligomers with different spacers combining BDT units (direct linkage, vinylene spacers, and ethynylene spacers), were synthesized, and their thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The oligomers were synthesized using Suzuki, Stille, Wittig, and Sonogashira coupling reactions. All of the monodisperse oligomers showed high melting points and 5% weight loss temperatures (T(d) > 400 degrees C). The fluorescence maxima of all oligomers were red-shifted, and the emission colors varied from blue to yellow as the chain lengths-and thus the conjugation lengths-increased. The vinylene-bridged oligomers emitted at longer wavelengths than the direct-linked and ethynylene-bridged oligomers. UV-vis absorption spectra in toluene solution indicated an effective conjugation length of about six BDT units for polydisperse oligomer 5. Cyclic voltammetry measurement indicated that tetramer 3 had high electrochemical stability. Although tetramer 3 and vinylene-bridged tetramer 8 exhibited reversible oxidation waves, ethynylene-bridged tetramer 13 showed an irreversible oxidation process. Each type of monodisperse oligomer exhibited higher HOMO levels with increasing chain length.
Performance Analysis of Interweave Cognitive Radio Systems with Imperfect Channel Knowledge over Nakagami Fading Channels (2016)

Knowledge of interacting channels is essential for characterizing the performance of a cognitive radio system in terms of interference power received by a primary receiver and throughput at a secondary receiver. Baseline models considered for the performance characterization assume perfect knowledge of the interacting channels. Recently, an analytical framework has been proposed that incorporates channel estimation and subsequently characterizes the performance of cognitive Interweave Systems (ISs). However, the analysis was pertained to the deterministic behaviour of the interacting channels. In this paper, we extend the characterization of the aforementioned framework to investigate the influence of channel fading on the performance of the IS. Our analysis indicate that an inappropriate choice of estimation time can severely degrade the performance of the IS in terms of achievable secondary throughput.
First-in-human phase 1 PET study of CTT1057, a novel 18F-labeled imaging agent targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in prostate cancer. (2017)

e16562 Background: Urea-based 68 Ga-PSMA PET is increasingly being utilized for diagnostic purposes in prostate cancer; however high tracer uptake within the salivary gland and kidney may be dose-limiting upon translation to radiotherapy. We developed a novel 18 F labeled agent, CTT1057, a PSMA inhibitor based on a phosphoramidate scaffold with nanomolar and irreversible binding affinity to PSMA and robust internalization, and performed a first-in-human imaging study. Methods: Patients (pts) with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were eligible. 10 mCi (370 MBq) of CTT1057 was injected and whole body PET/MR imaging (SIGNA PET/MR, GE) was performed 60 min post-injection. SUV mean in normal organs was recorded by drawing a 1 cm 3 volume-of-interest. SUV max was determined for each PSMA-avid metastasis. 10 randomly selected, consecutive 68 Ga-PSMA PET scans from an independent cohort were used for descriptive comparison. Results: 5 pts with mCRPC were enrolled, with average age of 66 years (range 35–85) and median PSA of 12.2 (range 0.73 – 157.7). 55 PSMA-avid metastases were seen, including 37 osseous (average SUV max = 8.1 ± 4.4), 15 lymph node (SUV max = 11.0 ± 6.1), and 3 pulmonary (SUV max = 3.2 ± 0.6). 31 (83%) and 12 (32%) of the PSMA-avid osseous lesions were visible on CT and bone scan, respectively. The mean short axis diameter of PSMA-avid lymph nodes was 0.7 ± 0.4 cm. Tumor-to-background ratios (liver, muscle, blood pool) were 2.8 ± 2.3, 14.9 ± 11.6, and 3.2 ± 2.4, respectively. SUV mean in salivary gland and kidney were 3.6 ± 0.4 and 9.1 ± 0.8 for CTT1057 and 15.8 ± 2.7 and 35.9 ± 9.6 for 68 Ga-PSMA, respectively. No tracer-related adverse events were observed and radiation dose estimates for organs and whole-body effective dose were within acceptable limits. Conclusions: 18 F-labeled CTT1057 targeting PSMA, detected mCRPC lesions in the soft tissue and bone at greater sensitivity than conventional imaging. CTT1057 distribution of uptake was similar to urea-based PSMA imaging, with preliminary evidence of lower uptake in the salivary gland and kidney. Further clinical studies of the CTT1057 backbone as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in mCRPC are warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT02916537.
Task Learning Promotes Plasticity of Interneuron Connectivity Maps in the Olfactory Bulb (2016)

Elucidating patterns of functional synaptic connectivity and deciphering mechanisms of how plasticity influences such connectivity is essential toward understanding brain function. In the mouse olfactory bulb (OB), principal neurons (mitral/tufted cells) make reciprocal connections with local inhibitory interneurons, including granule cells (GCs) and external plexiform layer (EPL) interneurons. Our current understanding of the functional connectivity between these cell types, as well as their experience-dependent plasticity, remains incomplete. By combining acousto-optic deflector-based scanning microscopy and genetically targeted expression of Channelrhodopsin-2, we mapped connections in a cell-type-specific manner between mitral cells (MCs) and GCs or between MCs and EPL interneurons. We found that EPL interneurons form broad patterns of connectivity with MCs, whereas GCs make more restricted connections with MCs. Using an olfactory associative learning paradigm, we found that these circuits displayed differential features of experience-dependent plasticity. Whereas reciprocal connectivity between MCs and EPL interneurons was nonplastic, the connections between GCs and MCs were dynamic and adaptive. Interestingly, experience-dependent plasticity of GCs occurred only in certain stages of neuronal maturation. We show that different interneuron subtypes form distinct connectivity maps and modes of experiencedependent plasticity in the OB, which may reflect their unique functional roles in information processing.
Generalized Analysis Method for Magnetic Energy Harvesters (2022)

Large-scale deployment of low-power sensing and computing units calls for unique power management solutions to overcome the inconvenience, costs, and waste problems associated with batteries. Energy harvesting offers an exciting solution to the battery problem, enabling circuits that can power themselves on-site from available ambient energy. Magnetic energy harvesters (MEHs), configured as current transformers, extract energy from the magnetic fields surrounding current-carrying power lines. As maximum power harvest occurs when a magnetic core is on the verge of saturation or saturated to some degree, modeling of magnetic energy harvesters is inherently difficult and nonlinear. This article proposes generalized analytical methods for modeling magnetic energy harvester behavior and validates these methods along with existing circuit model techniques. Intuition for core saturation behavior is presented and agreement with existing models is discussed. The analysis is motivated by addressing the feasibility of a split core magnetic energy harvester to power a microcontroller unit, and the models are experimentally validated for multiple harvester cores.
Silicon nanowires for bioadhesive drug delivery (2008)

A technique to coat three dimensional surfaces with silicon nanowires was used to create test devices to characterize the adhesion of microspheres to a model of the human intestine with the end goal of increasing bioavailability in drug delivery. Results indicate negligible toxicity and significant improvements in adhesion over conventional technologies.
NMR studies on the structure/function correlations of T‐cell‐epitope analogs from pertussis toxin (1998)

A synthetic tridecapeptide, corresponding to the 30-42 fragment of the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin, has been structurally characterised by using NMR spectroscopy. The molecule corresponds to a T-cell epitope of the bacterial toxin which has been extensively analysed with the alanine scanning approach to check the relevance of each residue for the biological activity of the peptide. Five of these Ala-substituted analogs have also been spectroscopically studied. In the experimental conditions used, different extents of helicity were found for the six peptides in a way which cannot be related to their capabilities of of binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and inducing T-cell proliferation. Backbone flexibility around helical transient conformations seems to constitute the structural intermediate step between the structure of the corresponding sequence within the parental protein and in the MHC class II complex. A model of the latter complex, which accounts for the different biological activities of the analogs, is proposed.