gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time visual analytics for event data streams (2012)

Real-time analysis of data streams has become an important factor for success in many domains such as server and system administration, news analysis and finance to name just a few. Introducing real-time visual analytics into such application areas promises a lot of benefits since the rate of new incoming information often exceeds human perceptual limits when displayed linearly in raw formats such as textual lines and automatic aggregation often hides important details. This paper presents a system to tackle some of the visualization challenges when analyzing such dynamic event data streams. In particular, we introduce the Event Visualizer, which is a loosely coupled modular system for collecting, processing, analyzing and visualizing dynamic real-time event data streams. Due to the variety of different analysis tasks the system provides an extensible framework with several interactive linked visualizations to focus on different aspects of the event data stream. Data streams with logging data from a computer network are used as a case study to demonstrate the advantages of visual exploration.
Optical properties monitor: Experiment definition phase (1990)

The stability of materials used in the space environment will continue to be a limiting technology for space missions. The Optical Properties Monitor (OPM) Experiment provides a comprehensive space research program to study the effects of the space environment (both natural and induced) on optical, thermal and space power materials. The OPM Experiment was selected for definition under the NASA/OAST In-Space Technology Experiment Program. The results of the OPM Definition Phase are presented. The OPM experiment will expose selected materials to the space environment and measure the effects with in-space optical measurements. In-space measurements include total hemispherical reflectance total integrated scatter and VUV reflectance/transmittance. The in-space measurements will be augmented with extensive pre- and post-flight sample measurements to determine other optical, mechanical, electrical, chemical or surface effects of space exposure. Environmental monitors will provide the amount and time history of the sample exposure to solar irradiation, atomic oxygen and molecular contamination.
Deciphering Cancer Complexities in Genetically Engineered Mice (2005)

Because the pRb pathway is disrupted in most solid human cancers, we have generated genetically engineered mouse cancer models by inactivating pRb function in several cell types, including astrocytes and mammary, prostate, ovarian, and brain choroid plexus epithelia. In every case, proliferation and apoptosis are acutely induced, predisposing to malignancy. Cell type dictates the pathways involved in tumor progression. In the astrocytoma model, we developed strategies to induce events in the adult brain, either throughout the tissue or focally. Both K-Ras activation and Pten inactivation play significant roles in progression. In the prostate model, adenocarcinoma progression depends on Pten inactivation. However, nonautonomous induction of p53 in the mesenchyme leads to evolution of both compartments, with p53 loss occurring in the mesenchyme. Thus, studies in these models continue to identify key tumorigenesis mechanisms. Furthermore, we are hopeful that the models will provide useful preclinical systems for diagnostic and therapeutic development.
Silyl group-transfer-mediated serial Michael additions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilyl group-transfer-mediated serial Michael additionsPeter G. Klimko and Daniel A. SingletonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 6, 1733–1740Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00032a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00032a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Expression and detrimental role of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in spinal cord contusion injury (2011)

Prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2) ) is a potent inflammatory mediator, which is implicated in both the initiation and resolution of inflammation in peripheral non-neural tissues. Its role in the central nervous system has not been fully elucidated. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an acute inflammatory response, which contributes to secondary tissue damage that worsens functional loss. We show here, with the use of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) deficient mice and a HPGDS selective inhibitor (HQL-79), that PGD(2) plays a detrimental role after SCI. We also show that HPGDS is expressed in macrophages in the injured mouse spinal cord and contributes to the increase in PGD(2) in the contused spinal cord. HPGDS(-/-) mice also show reduced secondary tissue damage and reduced expression of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 as well as an increase in IL-6 and TGFβ-1 expression in the injured spinal cord. This was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of the microglia/macrophage activation marker Mac-2 and an increase in the antioxidant metallothionein III. Importantly, HPGDS deficient mice exhibit significantly better locomotor recovery after spinal cord contusion injury than wild-type (Wt) mice. In addition, systemically administered HPGDS inhibitor (HQL-79) also enhanced locomotor recovery after SCI in Wt mice. These data suggest that PGD(2) generated via HPGDS has detrimental effects after SCI and that blocking the activity of this enzyme can be beneficial.
Seeing is believing: Non-invasive, quantitative and repetitive imaging of reporter gene expression in living animals, using positron emission tomography (2000)

The ability to monitor reporter gene expression in living animals and in patients will permit longitudinal examinations both of somatically transferred DNA in experimental animals and patients and of transgenic constructs expressed in experimental animals. If investigators can non-invasively monitor the organ and tissue specificity, the magnitude and the duration of gene expression from somatically transferred DNA and from transgenes, conceptually new experimental paradigms will be possible. If clinicians can non-invasively monitor the location, extent and duration of somatically transferred genes, they will be better able to determine the correlations between expression of therapeutic genes and clinical outcomes. We have developed two reporter gene systems for in vivo reporter gene imaging in which the protein products of the reporter genes sequester positron-emitting reporter probes. The “PET reporter gene” dependent sequestration of the “PET reporter probes” is subsequently measured in living animals by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). We describe here the principles of PET reporter gene/PET reporter probe in vivo imaging, the development of two imaging systems, and the validation of their ability to non-invasively, quantitatively and repetitively image reporter gene expression in murine viral gene transfer and transgenic models. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:699–705, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Two inch large area patterning on a vertical light-emitting diode by nano-imprinting technology (2010)

A vertical light-emitting diode (LED) with a chip size of 500 × 500 µm2 was fabricated by the laser lift-off (LLO) process of an InGaN-based blue LED wafer. After the LLO process, photonic crystal patterns by UV nano-imprint lithography were formed on the n-GaN top layer of the vertical LED over the entire area with a diameter of 2 inches. As the result of n-GaN patterning, light output power of the vertical LED with photonic crystals was increased by up to 44% compared to that of the vertical LED without a photonic crystal at a driving current of 1000 mA.
Knee Angular Impulse as a Predictor of Patellofemoral Pain in Runners (2006)

Footwear and running style can influence knee angular impulse, and the appropriate manipulation of these variables may play a preventive role for patients who are predisposed to patellofemoral pain.
Regulation of muscle development by DPF3, a novel histone acetylation and methylation reader of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex (2008)

Chromatin remodeling and histone modifications facilitate access of transcription factors to DNA by promoting the unwinding and destabilization of histone-DNA interactions. We present DPF3, a new epigenetic key factor for heart and muscle development characterized by a double PHD finger. DPF3 is associated with the BAF chromatin remodeling complex and binds methylated and acetylated lysine residues of histone 3 and 4. Thus, DPF3 may represent the first plant homeodomains that bind acetylated lysines, a feature previously only shown for the bromodomain. During development Dpf3 is expressed in the heart and somites of mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. Morpholino knockdown of dpf3 in zebrafish leads to incomplete cardiac looping and severely reduced ventricular contractility, with disassembled muscular fibers caused by transcriptional deregulation of structural and regulatory proteins. Promoter analysis identified Dpf3 as a novel downstream target of Mef2a. Taken together, DPF3 adds a further layer of complexity to the BAF complex by representing a tissue-specific anchor between histone acetylations as well as methylations and chromatin remodeling. Furthermore, this shows that plant homeodomain proteins play a yet unexplored role in recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes to acetylated histones.
Drugging an undruggable pocket on KRAS (2019)

The 3 human RAS genes, KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS, encode 4 different RAS proteins which belong to the protein family of small GTPases that function as binary molecular switches involved in cell signaling. Activating mutations in RAS are among the most common oncogenic drivers in human cancers, with KRAS being the most frequently mutated oncogene. Although KRAS is an excellent drug discovery target for many cancers, and despite decades of research, no therapeutic agent directly targeting RAS has been clinically approved. Using structure-based drug design, we have discovered BI-2852 (1), a KRAS inhibitor that binds with nanomolar affinity to a pocket, thus far perceived to be "undruggable," between switch I and II on RAS; 1 is mechanistically distinct from covalent KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitors because it binds to a different pocket present in both the active and inactive forms of KRAS. In doing so, it blocks all GEF, GAP, and effector interactions with KRAS, leading to inhibition of downstream signaling and an antiproliferative effect in the low micromolar range in KRAS mutant cells. These findings clearly demonstrate that this so-called switch I/II pocket is indeed druggable and provide the scientific community with a chemical probe that simultaneously targets the active and inactive forms of KRAS.
Optimization of small extracellular vesicle isolation from expressed prostatic secretions in urine for in‐depth proteomic analysis (2022)

The isolation and subsequent molecular analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from patient samples is a widely used strategy to understand vesicle biology and to facilitate biomarker discovery. Expressed prostatic secretions in urine are a tumor proximal fluid that has received significant attention as a source of potential prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers for use in liquid biopsy protocols. Standard EV isolation methods like differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) co-isolate protein contaminants that mask lower-abundance proteins in typical mass spectrometry (MS) protocols. Further complicating the analysis of expressed prostatic secretions, uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), is present at high concentrations in urine. THP can form polymers that entrap EVs during purification, reducing yield. Disruption of THP polymer networks with dithiothreitol (DTT) can release trapped EVs, but smaller THP fibres co-isolate with EVs during subsequent ultracentrifugation. To resolve these challenges, we describe here a dUC method that incorporates THP polymer reduction and alkaline washing to improve EV isolation and deplete both THP and other common protein contaminants. When applied to human expressed prostatic secretions in urine, we achieved relative enrichment of known prostate and prostate cancer-associated EV-resident proteins. Our approach provides a promising strategy for global proteomic analyses of urinary EVs.
Measurements of Digital TV Signals in the UHF Band in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo (2007)

This work describes a campaign of measures of the characteristics of the propagation channel for Digital TV, recently carried on the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The measurements had been aimed to determine the propagation loss, the reception treshold and signal delay profiles in different situations of reception in urban environments. This paper presents preliminary results including the analysis of the propagation loss with in the distance in blockage and visibility conditions. Examples of measured delay profiles in conditions with and without line of sight are also presented.
HG-829 Is a Potent Noncompetitive Inhibitor of the ATP-Binding Cassette Multidrug Resistance Transporter ABCB1 (2012)

Transmembrane drug export mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein contributes to clinical resistance to antineoplastics. In this study, we identified the substituted quinoline HG-829 as a novel, noncompetitive, and potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor that overcomes in vitro and in vivo drug resistance. We found that nontoxic concentrations of HG-829 restored sensitivity to P-glycoprotein oncolytic substrates. In ABCB1-overexpressing cell lines, HG-829 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity to daunorubicin, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, and etoposide. Coadministration of HG-829 fully restored in vivo antitumor activity of daunorubicin in mice without added toxicity. Functional assays showed that HG-829 is not a Pgp substrate or competitive inhibitor of Pgp-mediated drug efflux but rather acts as a noncompetitive modulator of P-glycoprotein transport function. Taken together, our findings indicate that HG-829 is a potent, long-acting, and noncompetitive modulator of P-glycoprotein export function that may offer therapeutic promise for multidrug-resistant malignancies.
Influence of Free CO 2 on Q 1 0 for Chlorella Vulgaris (1974)

The effect of temperature on microbial growth rates is frequently expressed in terms of Q10 values in which Q10 equals rate at (T + 10)°C divided by rate at T°C. Considerable data exist suggesting that for algal growth described by the Monod equation, the maximum growth rate varies with temperature. To clarify the relationship between the limiting nutrient concentration and the temperature effect, the specific growth rate of the alga Chlorella vulgaris was determined at three temperatures over a range of free CO2 levels with all other nutrients being provided in excess amounts and light being held constant. The resulting data using a modified Arrhenius equation to describe algal growth as a function of temperature under carbon limiting conditions were evaluated. The Q10 values frequently found in laboratory determinations may be inapplicable under field conditions with natural waters. For biological modeling in natural waters, an equation is presented to describe the influence of the temperature on organism growth rates.
Combination of Antiviral Drugs to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase and Exonuclease as Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 has an exonuclease-based proofreader, which removes nucleotide inhibitors such as Remdesivir that are incorporated into the viral RNA during replication, reducing the efficacy of these drugs for treating COVID-19. Combinations of inhibitors of both the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the exonuclease could overcome this deficiency. Here we report the identification of hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitors Pibrentasvir and Ombitasvir as SARS-CoV-2 exonuclease inhibitors. In the presence of Pibrentasvir, RNAs terminated with the active forms of the prodrugs Sofosbuvir, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Molnupiravir and AT-527 were largely protected from excision by the exonuclease, while in the absence of Pibrentasvir, there was rapid excision. Due to its unique structure, Tenofovir-terminated RNA was highly resistant to exonuclease excision even in the absence of Pibrentasvir. Viral cell culture studies also demonstrate significant synergy using this combination strategy. This study supports the use of combination drugs that inhibit both the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase and exonuclease for effective COVID-19 treatment.
Fabrication and texture characterization of bulk (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} and Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} superconductors (1995)

Bulk (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (Bi-2223) and Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCU{sub 2}0{sub x} (Bi-2212) superconductors were fabricated by sinter forging. Bi-2223 ({approx}90% Bi-2223, 10% (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCU{sub 2}0. + other phases) and Bi-2212 (nearly phase pure) powders were first synthesized and then cold pressed into bars that were -50% dense. These bars were surrounded by Ag foil, heated in air to {approx}845{degrees}C, and compressed for 3--6 h. The resultant bars were dense and highly textured. At 77 K, the Bi-2223 exhibited transport critical current density (J{sub c}) values of 2000--8000 A/cm{sup 2}; the Bi-2212 exhibited very low J{sub c}. Extent of texture was evaluated by three X-ray diffraction methods: 2{theta} scans, rocking curves, and orientation distribution functions. It was found that J{sub c} correlated best with the orientation distribution functions.
Assessment of brain tumour perfusion using early-phase 18F-FET -PET: comparison with perfusion-weighted MRI (2023)

Abstract Background: Morphological imaging using MRI is essential for brain tumour diagnostics. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI), as well as amino acid PET, may provide additional information in ambiguous cases. Since PWI is not always performed as part of standard MRI in brain tumours, we explored whether maps of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in brain tumours can be extracted from the early phase of PET using O -(2- 18 F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ( 18 F-FET). Using a hybrid BrainPET/MRI scanner, PWI and dynamic 18 F-FET PET were performed in 33 patients with cerebral glioma and in four patients with highly vascularized meningiomas. Based on the dynamic PET data in meningiomas, the time interval from 0 – 2 min p.i. was selected to best reflect the blood pool phase in 18 F-FET PET. For each patient, maps of MR-rCBV, early 18 F-FET PET (0-2 min p.i.) and late 18 F-FET PET (20-40 min p.i.) were generated and coregistered. Volumes of interest were placed on the tumour (VOI-TU) and on the normal-appearing contralateral brain tissue (VOI-REF). The correlation between the tumour-to-brain ratios (TBR) of the different parameters was analyzsed. In addition, three independent observers evaluated the MR-rCBV and early 18 F-FET maps ( 18 F-FET-rCBV) for concordance in signal intensity, tumour extent and intratumoural distribution. Results: TBRs calculated from MR-rCBV and 18 F-FET-rCBV showed a significant correlation (r = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001), while there was no correlation between late 18 F-FET PET and MR-rCBV (r = 0.24, p = 0.16) or 18 F-FET-rCBV (r = 0.27, p = 0.11). Visual rating yielded widely agreeing findings or only minor differences between the MR-rCBV maps and 18 F-FET-rCBV maps in 93 % of the tumours (range of three independent raters 91–94%, kappa among raters 0.78-1.0). Conclusion: Early 18 F-FET-maps (0-2min p.i.) in gliomas provide similar information to MR-rCBV maps and may be helpful when PWI is not possible or available. Further studies in recurrent gliomas are needed to evaluate whether 18 F-FET-rCBV provides the same clinical information as MR-rCBV.
Security Design for Industrial Sensor Networks (2010)

Abstract The industrial application of wireless sensor-actuator networks is attractive due to their flexibility, saving potential and ease of use. However, weak or missing security would restrain the acceptance and hinder a wide-spread use. This paper presents a security design for wireless sensor-actuator networks in industrial settings. The security design provides mandatory frame protection as well as end-to-end communication protection, authentication, and access control. Additional security mechanisms for MIMO transmission and node wake-up are described.
Performance of Polarized Illuminators in Hyper NA Lithography Tools (2006)

Polarized light illumination is essential for hyper-NA imaging such as immersion lithography. This is confirmed by comparison of optical images between unpolarized light illumination condition and polarized light illumination condition. In this paper, we introduce our polarized light illumination apparatus and some experimental results, which confirm the effect of improvement of the imaging performance by utilization of polarized light illumination. In addition, required quality of the polarized light illumination for hyper NA lithography is discussed
Representing the structure of underwater acoustic communication data using probabilistic graphical models (2014)

Exploiting the structure in the output of the underwater acoustic communication channel in order to improve the performance of the communication system is a problem that has received much recent interest. Methods such as physical constraints and sparsity have been used to represent such structure in the past. In this work, we consider representing the structure of the received signal using probabilistic graphical models (more specifically Markov random fields), which capture the conditional dependencies amongst a collection of random variables. In the frequency domain, the inverse covariance matrix of the received signal is shown to have a sparse structure. Under the assumption that the signal may be modeled as a multivariate Gaussian random variable, this corresponds to a Markov random field. It is argued that the underlying cause of the structure is the cyclostationary nature of the signal. In practice, the received signal is not exactly cyclostationary, but data from the SPACE08 acoustic communication experiment is used to demonstrate that field data exhibits exploitable structure. Finally, techniques to exploit graphical model structure to improve the performance of wireless underwater acoustic communication are briefly considered.