gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermophysical and viscosimetric properties of environmentally acceptable lubricants (2006)

Purpose The use of alternative oils for the lubrication of automobile engines has a potential of ecological and technical advantages. It requires the detailed knowledge of several thermophysical and viscosimetric properties in a large temperature range. Design/methodology/approach For 11 different oils, the density, the heat capacity, the thermal conductivity, the viscosity at ambient pressure and the pressure‐viscosity at maximal 1,000 bar have been measured. The latter has been measured with a newly developed apparatus which is described in detail. Two hydrocarbon‐based factory‐fill oils and nine alternative oils have been tested. Five of the alternative oils are based partly or completely on esters, the other four on polyglycols, one of them additionally on water. Findings Data for thermophysical and viscosimetric properties are given in form of diagrams and tables. The consequences for the cooling capacity and the film forming behavior are discussed. The latter is only slightly better for the factory‐fill oils, compared to the alternative oils. Research limitations/implications The pressure‐viscosity is measured at up to 1,000 bar, which is lower than the maximum pressure in the tribological contacts of an engine. Practical implications The published data can be used to calculate tribological contacts which are lubricated with alternative engine oils or with actually used factory‐fill oils. This might help to decide if esters or polyglycols are superior as engine oils. Originality/value The results of this test program might be helpful for engineers who are interested in using alternative lubricants in tribosystems.
Quantitative analysis of in-vivo microbubble distribution in the human brain (2021)

Microbubbles (MB) are widely used as contrast agents to perform contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and as acoustic amplifiers of mechanical bioeffects incited by therapeutic-level ultrasound. The distribution of MBs in the brain is not yet fully understood, thereby limiting intra-operative CEUS guidance or MB-based FUS treatments. In this paper we describe a robust platform for quantification of MB distribution in the human brain, allowing to quantitatively discriminate between tumoral and normal brain tissues and we provide new information regarding real-time cerebral MBs distribution. Intraoperative CEUS imaging was performed during surgical tumor resection using an ultrasound machine (MyLab Twice, Esaote, Italy) equipped with a multifrequency (3-11 MHz) linear array probe (LA332) and a specific low mechanical index (MI < 0.4) CEUS algorithm (CnTi, Esaote, Italy; section thickness, 0.245 cm) for non-destructive continuous MBs imaging. CEUS acquisition is started by enabling the CnTI PEN-M algorithm automatically setting the MI at 0.4 with a center frequency of 2.94 MHz-10 Hz frame rate at 80 mm-allowing for continuous non-destructive MBs imaging. 19 ultrasound image sets of adequate length were selected and retrospectively analyzed using a custom image processing software for quantitative analysis of echo power. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on key structures (artery-tumor-white matter) by a blinded neurosurgeon, following which peak enhancement and time intensity curves (TICs) were quantified. CEUS images revealed clear qualitative differences in MB distribution: arteries showed the earliest and highest enhancement among all structures, followed by tumor and white matter regions, respectively. The custom software built for quantitative analysis effectively captured these differences. Quantified peak intensities showed regions containing artery, tumor or white matter structures having an average MB intensity of 0.584, 0.436 and 0.175 units, respectively. Moreover, the normalized area under TICs revealed the time of flight for MB to be significantly lower in brain tissue as compared with tumor tissue. Significant heterogeneities in TICs were also observed within different regions of the same brain lesion. In this study, we provide the most comprehensive strategy for accurate quantitative analysis of MBs distribution in the human brain by means of CEUS intraoperative imaging. Furthermore our results demonstrate that CEUS imaging quantitative analysis enables discernment between different types of brain tumors as well as regions and structures within the brain. Similar considerations will be important for the planning and implementation of MB-based imaging or treatments in the future.
Optical low-coherence interferometry for reconstruction of the modal-content in few-mode fibers (2011)

A novel method for reconstructing the dispersion-corrected modal content of fibers is experimentally demonstrated. It provides the modal weights, the profiles, relative group-delays, and dispersion of all the modes without assuming any optical properties of the fiber under test.
Effects of Host-rock Fracturing on Elastic-deformation Source Models of Volcano Deflation (2017)

Volcanoes commonly inflate or deflate during episodes of unrest or eruption. Continuum mechanics models that assume linear elastic deformation of the Earth's crust are routinely used to invert the observed ground motions. The source(s) of deformation in such models are generally interpreted in terms of magma bodies or pathways, and thus form a basis for hazard assessment and mitigation. Using discontinuum mechanics models, we show how host-rock fracturing (i.e. non-elastic deformation) during drainage of a magma body can progressively change the shape and depth of an elastic-deformation source. We argue that this effect explains the marked spatio-temporal changes in source model attributes inferred for the March-April 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Reunion. We find that pronounced deflation-related host-rock fracturing can: (1) yield inclined source model geometries for a horizontal magma body; (2) cause significant upward migration of an elastic-deformation source, leading to underestimation of the true magma body depth and potentially to a misinterpretation of ascending magma; and (3) at least partly explain underestimation by elastic-deformation sources of changes in sub-surface magma volume.
Enantioselectivity Measurements of Copper(II) Amino Acid Complexes Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (2000)

Enantioselectivity experiments for the binding to chiral Cu(II) complexes have been performed for several α-amino acids using isothermal titration calorimetry. To a system containing nonionic micelles, Cu(II) ions, and cholesteryl glutamate as chiral selector, either the d- or l-amino acid was titrated. The highest enantioselectivities (KD/KL) were measured for the amino acids with relatively bulky R-groups [phenylalanine (1.24) and phenylglycine (1.26)], while an increase in enantioselectivity from 1.00 to 1.21 was measured upon increasing the size of the R-group in the amino acids alanine to leucine. For serine, no enantioselectivity was measured. Reciprocal enantioselectivities have been measured with phenylalanine upon inversion of the chirality of the glutamate headgroup of the chiral selector. Finally, it was found that the binding of the amino acid to the chiral−metal selector is an entropically driven process.
Glass‐Forming Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Oligomers for New Tunable Solid‐State Laser (2009)

A new potential utility of glass-forming cholesteric liquid crystal (G-CLC) oligomers for application in tunable solid-state laser is presented. The G-CLC is capable of tuning the photonic band gaps (PBGs) by way of the annealing temperature and preserving the tuned PBGs by a subsequent supercooling treatment. This G-CLC film enables the facile fabrication of a continuously gradated PGB structure and, thus, the continuous tuning of a single laser-emission peak (see figure). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Easy Return (2018)

We present a system that, implemented as an iPhone app controllable from an Apple Watch, can help a blind person backtrack a route taken in a building. This system requires no maps of the building or environment modifications. While traversing a path from a starting location to a destination, the system builds and records a path representation in terms of a sequence of turns and of step counts between turns. If the user wants to backtrack the same path, the system can provide assistance by tracking the user's location in the recorded path, and producing directional information in speech form about the next turns and step counts to follow. The system was tested with six blind participants in a controlled indoor experiment.
Influence of Al content on formation of InAlGaAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1997)

Data are presented on the dependence of Al content on the formation of InAlGaAs quantum dots grown by strained-layer molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns show that the addition of Al both slows the formation of the quantum dots in the brief time following layer deposition, and results in smaller dots of higher density. The effects might be qualitatively explained by reduced surface migration of the column III atoms due to the stronger Al bond strength.
Bonding of silicon carbide ceramics by using active brazing metal. (No.1). (1990)

Pressureless sintered SiC ceramics joints and hot press sintered SiC ceramics joints were made by using active brazing metal (Ti-AgCu). Then the bonding strengths, the microstructures and reaction products of bonding layer were compared and discussed.
A review on sustainable production of graphene and related life cycle assessment (2021)

Abstract Advanced materials such as graphene and the family of two-dimensional crystals are very attractive because of the myriad of applications that could be developed based on their outstanding properties. However, as soon as material development reaches enough maturity for production to be scaled up and to enter the market within products, it is crucial to place the technology in the context of possible risks to economic well-being, social equity and environmental harm. This review aims at highlighting the current state of art on sustainable development of graphene-related materials and related environmental impact assessment studies using life cycle assessment (LCA). We show that sustainable development has focused mostly on the use of waste or low cost materials as precursors. However, the findings from relevant LCA studies reveals the limits of this approach, which does not take into account that waste recycling is often very energy intensive. We provide an overview on the life cycle environmental impact assessment, with a focus on global warming potential and energy demand, carried out on different graphene productions methods for specific applications, ranging from composites to electronics. Finally, an outlook is given focussing on the comparison of the different production routes and the results from the LCA.
Absence of echovirus sequences in brain and spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (2001)

The role of enteroviruses in pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is controversial. A recent study, based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of spinal cord, reported identification of a novel echovirus in 15 of 17 French subjects with ALS and only 1 of 29 subjects with other neurologic diseases. We established a real-time RT-PCR method based on this novel echovirus sequence and used this method and that previously employed for analysis of the French subjects to determine the prevalence of echoviral sequences in spinal cord and motor cortex of sporadic ALS subjects from the United States. No echoviral sequences were found in 20 spinal cord and 10 motor cortex samples from autopsy-confirmed cases of ALS or 13 spinal cord and 5 motor cortex samples from subjects with no motor neuron disease. Ann Neurol 2001;49:249–253
Analysis of a new homozygous deletion in the tumor suppressor region at 3p12.3 reveals two novel intronic noncoding RNA genes (2006)

Homozygous deletions or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at human chromosome band 3p12 are consistent features of lung and other malignancies, suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene(s) (TSG) at this location. Only one gene has been cloned thus far from the overlapping region deleted in lung and breast cancer cell lines U2020, NCI H2198, and HCC38. It is DUTT1 (Deleted in U Twenty Twenty), also known as ROBO1, FLJ21882, and SAX3, according to HUGO. DUTT1, the human ortholog of the fly gene ROBO, has homology with NCAM proteins. Extensive analyses of DUTT1 in lung cancer have not revealed any mutations, suggesting that another gene(s) at this location could be of importance in lung cancer initiation and progression. Here, we report the discovery of a new, small, homozygous deletion in the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line GLC20, nested in the overlapping, critical region. The deletion was delineated using several polymorphic markers and three overlapping P1 phage clones. Fiber-FISH experiments revealed the deletion was approximately 130 kb. Comparative genomic sequence analysis uncovered short sequence elements highly conserved among mammalian genomes and the chicken genome. The discovery of two EST clusters within the deleted region led to the isolation of two noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes. These were subsequently found differentially expressed in various tumors when compared to their normal tissues. The ncRNA and other highly conserved sequence elements in the deleted region may represent miRNA targets of importance in cancer initiation or progression.
LeapFrogging : A Technique for Accurate Long‐Distance Ground Navigation and Positioning Without GPS (2018)

We present a dead-reckoning navigation system that combines elements of traditional map and compass orienteering techniques with concepts from collaborative positioning and field surveying. Using two or more people, and with various technologies to perform ranging and/or directional measurements, the users take turns moving from a known starting position. The LeapFrogging system tracks the measurements and is able to reconstruct the estimated path and provide a current position estimate to the users. Various technologies and movement schemes that can be utilized for LeapFrogging are explained and discussed. Test results from several field data collections are provided and demonstrate that positional errors are usually on the order of 1–3 percent positional error per distance traveled, and sometimes reach as low as 0.5 to 1.0 percent error. A man-portable LeapFrogging system could be useful for teams of soldiers, search-and-rescue, and hikers in regions where GPS may be degraded, denied, or temporarily unavailable. Copyright © 2018 Institute of Navigation
Abstract 4801: Comprehensive genome methylation analysis in bladder cancer; identification and validation of novel methylated genes and application of these as urinary tumor markers (2011)

Abstract Cancer of the urinary bladder is one of the major cancers being the fifth most common neoplasm in the industrialised countries. Urothelial carcinomas account for more than 90% of all bladder cancers. The majority of bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive cancers characterized by frequent recurrences after resection and up to 25% will develop an aggressive phenotype. We investigated the methylation in bladder cancer with respect to location in genome, consistency, variation in metachronous tumors, impact on transcripts, chromosomal location, and usefulness as urinary markers of bladder cancer. In this study, a microarray assay with more than 27.000 CpG sites was utilized to analyze methylation in 56 samples. Independent validations were performed in 63 samples by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) and bisulfite sequencing. Transcript levels were analyzed using expression microarrays, and pathways using dedicated software. DNA from 40 urinary specimens was analyzed by MS-HRM. Our results show that global methylation patterns were established within and outside CpG-islands. Differential methylation (p&amp;lt;0.0001 to p&amp;lt;0.05) was identified in 1588 genes between normals and cancers, in 1019 genes with stage specific methylation, and in 149 genes as progression markers. We validated methylation of eight genes, the tumor markers ZNF154 (p&amp;lt;0.0001), HOXA9 (p&amp;lt;0.0001), and POU4F2 (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and the progression marker TBX4 (p&amp;lt;0.002). The methylation of metachronous tumors was relatively stable and targeted to certain pathways. The correlation to expression was not stringent. Chromosome 21 showed most differential methylation (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and specifically hypomethylation of keratins, which together with keratin like proteins were epigenetically regulated. In DNA from voided urine we detected differential methylation of ZNF154 (p&amp;lt;0.0001), POU4F2 (p&amp;lt;0.0001), and HOXA9 (p&amp;lt;0.0044), achieving 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Our results suggest that both hypo- and hyper methylation is stage dependent, over-represented at chromosome 21, and has a restricted influence on transcript levels in general, but clearly on keratins. The methylated genes are highly promising urinary cancer markers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4801. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4801
Ionic Liquid Promoted Highly Efficient Aziridination of Alkenes with Chloramine‐T Using N‐Bromosuccinimide as Catalyst. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Actuator Characteristics of Pb(ZrTi)O3 Composition near Morphotropic Phase Boundary (1991)

Piezoelectric actuator characteristics such as strain characteristics under DC voltage, temperature dependence, load characteristics and durability under repetitious DC voltage application were investigated in the (Pb 0.845 -Sr 0.05 -Ba 0.105 ) ((Zr x Ti 1- x ) 0.95 -Sn 0.045 -Nb 0.005 )O 3 series (0.49≤x≤0.55). The piesoelectric characteristics changes markedly owing to the difference in crystal structure. The compositions in the tetragonal phase are superior for actuator applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Efficient Synthesis of 3‐(4‐Pyridinyl)methylindoles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sequential C–H Arylation and Enantioselective Hydrogenation Enables Ideal Asymmetric Entry to the Indenopiperidine Core of an 11β-HSD-1 Inhibitor (2016)

A concise asymmetric synthesis of an 11β-HSD-1 inhibitor has been achieved using inexpensive starting materials with excellent step-economy at low catalyst loadings. The catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of 1 was accomplished in 7 steps and 38% overall yield aided by the development of an innovative, sequential strategy involving Pd-catalyzed pyridinium C-H arylation and Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of the resulting fused tricyclic indenopyridinium salt highlighted by the use of a unique P,N-ligand (MeO-BoQPhos) with 1000 ppm of [Ir(COD)Cl]<sub>2</sub>.
Challenges in searching social media (2008)

I'll start with a discussion of the social media landscape, then will give some recent results regarding new trends in the use of large data in understanding social networks. Finally, I'll present a series of challenges in social media search from the standpoint of a large search engine.
Transmittance of the atmosphere in the (8–0) and (9–0) Schumann‐Runge bands of oxygen (1983)

Dissociation rate constants for absorption by atmospheric oxygen in the Schumann‐Runge bands are usually calculated by making line by line calculations of the absorption cross section. The accuracy of the cross sections used in these calculations needs to be tested against experimental data. A transmittance spectrum computed by using a detailed model cross section is compared with a spectrum recorded in the atmosphere and another recorded in the laboratory. It is concluded that details of the atmospheric absorption spectrum can be reproduced with excellent accuracy by the computed cross section.
ChemInform Abstract: SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF PERPENDICULAR NITRILE‐METAL INTERACTIONS (1976)

Abstract Die 8‐Cyanochinolin‐Komplexe (I) und (II) werden durch Umsetzung entsprechender Metallsalze mit dem Liganden in Benzol oder wäßrigem Äthanol dargestellt.
Fast-response LCD for 1001-ppi VR head-mounted displays (2019)

The optimum liquid crystal display (LCD) mode and moving-picture characteristics that are required by virtualreality head-mounted displays (VR-HMDs) are reported. To drive the LCD at 120 Hz and with 2432 gate lines, the response time of the LCD must be less than 2.4 ms when the time allocated to address the input data is 5.27 ms and the time required to emit a backlight is 0.66 ms. In this study, fast responses were achieved by using short-range lurch control in-plane switching (SLC-IPS). The orthogonal distance between the two non-responsive regions to the liquid crystal layer thickness affects the response of the liquid crystal display mode, which was controlled by using a simple electrode structure. The SLC-IPS obtained by this structure exhibits a response that is approximately three times faster than that of a conventional IPS. We designed an LCD that incorporates the SLC-IPS mode by using a trunk-and-branch electrode structure. However, because the liquid crystal of the trunk does not rotate, it causes an issue in terms of transmittance; thus, we adopted a one-sided branched structure with a modified trunk to solve this issue. Consequently, we were able to demonstrate a high-definition and fast-response LCD that is suitable for use in VR-HMDs. The response time of the LCD reached 2.2 ms, meeting the required 2.4-ms benchmark for optimal LCD performance.
Fully-integrated 4-bit True Time Delay Module using Polymer Optical Switches and Waveguide Delay Lines (2006)

A fully-integrated 4-bit true time delay module using polymer waveguide switches and delay lines is proposed. The module achieves small phase errors less than 0.75°,120nm optical bandwidth and low power consumption of only 143mW.
E2ECloud: Composition and execution of end-to-end services in the cloud (2014)

The Internet has rapidly evolved, becoming a virtual place where it is simple to handle tasks that were known to be cumbersome or complex beforehand. However the development of new services remains a time consuming activity. This paper presents E2ECloud, a computing environment that allows the development of solutions for creation and provision of composite services in the cloud. Users create a new service through a SaaS tool, which generates a Service Code and deploys it onto an IaaS to be executed. A prototype of E2ECloud was developed and qualitative and quantitative evaluations were conducted, highlighting the potential of our approach to the creation of a new market for cloud service development.