gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcellular dynamics of proteins and metabolites under abiotic stress reveal deferred response of the Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase‐1 mutant gin2‐1 to high light (2019)

Stress responses in plants imply spatio-temporal changes in enzymes and metabolites, including subcellular compartment-specific re-allocation processes triggered by sudden changes in environmental parameters. To investigate interactions of primary metabolism with abiotic stress, the gin2-1 mutant, defective in the sugar sensor hexokinase 1 (HXK1) was compared with its wildtype Landsberg erecta (Ler) based on time resolved, compartment-specific metabolome and proteome data obtained over a full diurnal cycle. The high light sensitive gin2-1 mutant was substantially delayed in subcellular re-distribution of metabolites upon stress, and this correlated with a massive reduction in proteins belonging to the ATP producing electron transport chain under high light, while fewer changes occurred in the cold. In the wildtype, compounds specifically protecting individual compartments could be identified, e.g., maltose and raffinose in plastids, myo-inositol in mitochondria, but gin2-1 failed to recruit these substances to the respective compartments, or responded only slowly to high irradiance. No such delay was obtained in the cold. At the whole cell level, concentrations of the amino acids, glycine and serine, provided strong evidence for an important role of the photorespiratory pathway during stress exposure, and different subcellular allocation of serine may contribute to the slow growth of the gin2-1 mutant under high irradiance.
The Xanthate Route to Amines, Anilines, and Other Nitrogen Compounds. A Brief Account (2016)

An overview of a convergent, modular route to protected amines, anilines, and related compounds hinging on the degenerate radical addition-transfer of xanthates is presented. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the stabilization of the starting radical by imides and other structures. 1 Introduction 2 The Degenerate Xanthate Transfer Process and Examples of Amine Synthesis 3 Stabilization of Radicals by Imides. Initial Observations and the Radical Aminomethylation of Alkenes 4 More Elaborate Phthalimide-Substituted Xanthates 5 Polyamines and β-Lactams 6 Anilines and Related Derivatives 7 Further Synthetic Variations 8 Outlook and Perspectives
Locomotor Activity in D2 Dopamine Receptor-Deficient Mice Is Determined by Gene Dosage, Genetic Background, and Developmental Adaptations (1998)

Locomotor activity is a polygenic trait that varies widely among inbred strains of mice (). To characterize the role of D2 dopamine receptors in locomotion, we generated F2 hybrid (129/Sv x C57BL/6) D2 dopamine receptor (D2R)-deficient mice by gene targeting and investigated the contribution of genetic background to open-field activity and rotarod performance. Horizontal activity of D2R-/- mice was approximately half that of drug-naive, strain-matched controls but was significantly greater than haloperidol-treated controls, which were markedly hypokinetic. Wild-type 129/SvEv and C57BL/6 mice with functional D2 receptors had greater interstrain differences in spontaneous activity than those among the F2 hybrid mutants. Incipient congenic strains of D2R-deficient mice demonstrated an orderly gene dosage reduction in locomotion superimposed on both extremes of parental background locomotor activity. In contrast, F2 hybrid D2R-/- mice had impaired motor coordination on the rotarod that was corrected in the congenic C57BL/6 background. Wild-type 129/SvEv mice had the poorest rotarod ability of all groups tested, suggesting that linked substrain 129 alleles, not the absence of D2 receptors per se, were largely responsible for the reduced function of the F2 hybrid D2R-/- and D2R+/- mice. Neurochemical and pharmacological studies revealed unexpectedly normal tissue striatal monoamine levels and no evidence for supersensitive D1, D3, or D4 dopamine receptors in the D2R-/- mice. However, after acute monoamine depletion, akinetic D2R+/- mice had a significantly greater synergistic restoration of locomotion in response to SKF38393 and quinpirole compared with any group of D2R+/+ controls. We conclude that D2R-deficient mice are not a model of Parkinson's disease. Our studies highlight the interaction of multiple genetic factors in the analysis of complex behaviors in gene knock-out mice.
Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Functional and Contractile Cardiac Tissue Constructs (2019)

Lee, Sang J. PhD; Jackson, John D. PhD; Yoo, James J. MD, PhD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS Author Information
Organized molecular assemblies (1993)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are part of a class of organized molccular assemblies (OMAs) that represent a major new theme in condensed-matter science. The character- istics of SAMs and a summary of research recommendations are first presented in an executive summary. After introducing the definitions and characteristics of OMAs in which Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are compared with SAMs, the opportunities for scientific study. technological applications of SAMs. and limitations to transf-erring scientific understandin-e into technology are discussed. The discussion of SAMs includes the scientific opportunities in condensed-matter science. heteroepitaxy. and nanostructurest the technolo-sical applications in fuel cells. photoelectrochemistry. polymer/ metal (oxirle) interfaces, and thin-film. multilayer. solar collectors; and the lirnitations of stability. monolayer-substrate interactions. and mechanical stability for the transf'er of science into technology. Afier providing an overview and discussing potential payoffs from research, the needs and opportu- nities are summarized fbr tribology. fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, electrochromic windows. surface contamination, selectivity, and lbulin-e in membrane separations. biosurfaces. sensors. and corrosion.
Successful atrial fibrillation ablation without pulmonary vein isolation utilizing focal impulse and rotor mapping in an atriopulmonary Fontan (2018)

Fontan palliation is designed to separate systemic and pulmonary circulations to ameliorate systemic hypoxemia and relieve ventricular volume overload in patients with a functional univentricular heart. Since its introduction in 1971, the surgical techniques have evolved considerably.1 Early atriopulmonary (AP) versions of the Fontan incorporated the right atrium (RA) into the systemic venous circuit and are associated with considerable burden of early and late atrial dysrhythmias.1–5 Although the majority of atrial arrhythmias are macroreentrant RA circuits, such as intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART), the prevalence of late atrial fibrillation (AF) in Fontan patients is increasing.
PET and SPECT Imaging of Tumor Biology: New Approaches Towards Oncology Drug Discovery and Development (2008)

Spiraling drug developmental costs and lengthy time-to-market introduction are two critical challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry. The clinical trials success rate for oncology drugs is reported to be 5% as compared to other therapeutic categories (11%) with most failures often encountered late in the clinical development process. PET and SPECT nuclear imaging technologies could play an important role in facilitating the drug development process improving the speed, efficiency and cost of drug development. This review will focus on recent studies of PET and SPECT radioligands in oncology and their application in the investigation of tumor biology. The use of clinically-validated radioligands as imaging-based biomarkers in oncology could significantly impact new cancer therapeutic development.
SMOC can act as both an antagonist and an expander of BMP signaling (2017)

The matricellular protein SMOC (Secreted Modular Calcium binding protein) is conserved phylogenetically from vertebrates to arthropods. We showed previously that SMOC inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling downstream of its receptor via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. In contrast, the most prominent effect of the <i>Drosophila</i> orthologue, <i>pentagone</i> (<i>pent</i>), is expanding the range of BMP signaling during wing patterning. Using SMOC deletion constructs we found that SMOC-∆EC, lacking the extracellular calcium binding (EC) domain, inhibited BMP2 signaling, whereas SMOC-EC (EC domain only) enhanced BMP2 signaling. The SMOC-EC domain bound HSPGs with a similar affinity to BMP2 and could expand the range of BMP signaling in an in vitro assay by competition for HSPG-binding. Together with data from studies in vivo we propose a model to explain how these two activities contribute to the function of Pent in <i>Drosophila</i> wing development and SMOC in mammalian joint formation.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Zealactone 1a/b (2020)

Abstract Strigolactones are plant hormones, which play pivotal roles in plant growth and development with potential application in sustainable agriculture. Recently, zealactone 1a/b has been identified as the major strigolactone from the root exudates of corn. Although zealactone is a promising molecule affecting signaling in the rhizosphere as well as in planta , evaluating its biological activities has been hampered by its low natural abundance and its relative chemical instability. Herein, we present the total synthesis of zealactone 1a/b based on our studies employing a [2+2]‐cycloaddition strategy and a chemoselective Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation to forge the γ ‐butyrolactone fragment. Furthermore, we disclose the biological activities of zealactone 1a/b on corn and in soil in comparison with related synthetic analogues.
Type B Response Regulators of Arabidopsis Play Key Roles in Cytokinin Signaling and Plant Development (2008)

The type B Arabidopsis Response Regulators (ARRs) of Arabidopsis thaliana are transcription factors that act as positive regulators in the two-component cytokinin signaling pathway. We employed a mutant-based approach to perform a detailed characterization of the roles of ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12 in plant growth and development. The most pronounced phenotype was found in the arr1-3 arr10-5 arr12-1 triple loss-of-function mutant, which showed almost complete insensitivity to high levels of exogenously applied cytokinins. The triple mutant exhibited reduced stature due to decreased cell division in the shoot, enhanced seed size, increased sensitivity to light, altered chlorophyll and anthocyanin concentrations, and an aborted primary root with protoxylem but no metaxylem. Microarray analysis revealed that expression of the majority of cytokinin-regulated genes requires the function of ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12. Characterization of double mutants revealed differing contributions of the type B ARRs to mutant phenotypes. Our results support a model in which cytokinin regulates a wide array of downstream responses through the action of a multistep phosphorelay that culminates in transcriptional regulation by ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12.
Annealing performance improvement of elongated inductively coupled plasma torch and its application to recovery of plasma-induced Si substrate damage (2014)

The annealing performance of an elongated inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch that enables instantaneous thermal processing over a large area has been improved by using a ceramic chamber that ensures better mechanical and thermal properties than a quartz chamber, realizing a substrate temperature higher than 1,600 K. Si wafers damaged by the bombardment of ions from Ar plasma were irradiated by the ICP torch for recovery. The thickness of the damaged layer was monitored by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and the changes in Si crystal structure were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Significant decreases in damaged layer thickness and TEM contrast, which corresponds to the degree of damage, were observed after the ICP torch irradiation.
The localization of protein L19 on the surface of 50 S subunits of Escherichia coli aided by the use of mutants lacking protein L19. (1984)

Three independently isolated mutants of Escherichia coli which apparently lacked protein L19 on their ribosomes, as judged by two-dimensional gels, were analyzed by a range of immunological tests to determine if the protein was indeed lacking. In two of the three, all the tests indicated that protein L19 was absent from both ribosome and supernatant. In the third, a drastically altered form of protein L19 was present on the ribosome. Electron micrographs of ribosomes obtained from the mutants were indistinguishable from those of wild type strains. The location of ribosomal protein L19 on the surface of the large subunit was determined. It was situated at the base of the 50 S particle facing the small subunit, on the side where the rod like appendage originates.
Iodine-mediated inactivation of lipid- and nonlipid-enveloped viruses in human antithrombin III concentrate (1995)

Human plasma-derived protein concentrates intended for clinical use must be treated for viral inactivation to ensure patient safety. This study explored the use of liquid iodine for inactivation of several lipid- and nonlipid-enveloped viruses in an antithrombin III (AT-III) concentrate. Iodine at levels of 0.01% to 0.02% caused between 43% and 94% loss of AT-III activity, as well as degradation of AT-III as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. However, addition of up to 0.1% human albumin protected the AT-III against both inactivation and fragmentation. At albumin levels sufficient to retain greater than 75% of AT-III activity, greater than 6 logs of sindbis, encephalomyocarditis, and vesicular stomatitis viruses, greater than 4 logs of pseudorabies, and greater than 3 logs of human immunodeficiency virus were inactivated. Except with sindbis virus, this represented complete inactivation of all the viruses spiked into the AT-III concentrate.
2‐Aminothiazoles (2001)

The procedure described here illustrates a practical and efficient method for the solid-phase synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles, a useful structural element in medicinal chemistry.
Modulation of PAF-induced leukocyte adherence and increased microvascular permeability (1990)

The objective of this study was to assess whether superoxide and leukocyte adhesion glycoproteins (CD18) mediate the leukocyte adherence to mesenteric microvessels and increased intestinal microvascular permeability induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF was infused into the arterial supply of an isolated autoperfused segment of cat intestine. Thirty minutes into the infusion, the number of adherent leukocytes within mesenteric venules was measured. This was followed by intravenous administration of either human recombinant superoxide dismutase (hSOD), hydrogen peroxide-inactivated hSOD, or a monoclonal antibody against the leukocyte adhesion molecule CD18 (MoAb IB4), and 30 min later, adherence measurements were repeated. hSOD and MoAb IB4 produced a 30 and 66% decrease, respectively, in leukocyte adherence, whereas inactivated hSOD had no effect. Adherence of PAF-activated cat neutrophils to plastic was reduced only by MoAb IB4, suggesting that PAF-induced leukocyte adherence is mediated by both CD18 and superoxide and that endothelium is necessary for the superoxide-mediated adhesion. In a correlate study, hSOD and MoAb IB4 were shown to attenuate the PAF-induced increase in microvascular permeability by 40 and 70%, respectively. These data indicate that the increased microvascular permeability induced by PAF can be attenuated when leukocyte adherence to microvascular endothelium is reduced using molecules that either bind to CD18 adhesive glycoproteins or scavenge superoxide.
A Field Guide to Forward-Backward Splitting with a FASTA Implementation (2014)

Non-differentiable and constrained optimization play a key role in machine learning, signal and image processing, communications, and beyond. For high-dimensional minimization problems involving large datasets or many unknowns, the forward-backward splitting method provides a simple, practical solver. Despite its apparently simplicity, the performance of the forward-backward splitting is highly sensitive to implementation details. This article is an introductory review of forward-backward splitting with a special emphasis on practical implementation concerns. Issues like stepsize selection, acceleration, stopping conditions, and initialization are considered. Numerical experiments are used to compare the effectiveness of different approaches. Many variations of forward-backward splitting are implemented in the solver FASTA (short for Fast Adaptive Shrinkage/Thresholding Algorithm). FASTA provides a simple interface for applying forward-backward splitting to a broad range of problems.
UAV rotorcraft in compliant contact: Stability analysis and simulation (2011)

A hovering vehicle interacting with objects and surfaces must be robust to contact forces and torques transmitted to the airframe, which produce coupled dynamics distinctly different from those of free flight. These mechanics may be modeled as elastic couplings between the aircraft and the ground, represented by a 6-DOF spring in ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ×SO(3).We show that Proportional Derivative attitude and position controllers that stabilize a rotorcraft in free flight will also stabilize the aircraft during contact for a range of contact displacements and stiffnesses. Simulation of the coupled aircraft dynamics demonstrates stable and unstable modes of the system.
Shock rejection &amp; ambient temperature compensation mechanism for uncooled micocantilever thermal detector (2013)

This paper presents a mechanism that involves the integration of a pixel blind to infrared (IR) radiation into a focal plane array (FPA) for thermal detection. The blind pixel serves as a reference capacitor while scanning the FPA active pixels. In harsh environment conditions (e.g. shocks and wide changes in ambient temperature), this mechanism yields down to a 0.83% percent error in the measured signal which is demonstrated here by simulations. The active and blind pixels design, fabrication process, and materials selection are discussed with the aid of finite element analysis.
Demonstration of the Mitigation of Intra-Channel Nonlinearities based on Inter-Polarization Digital Frequency Offsetting with 50Gb/s PM-QPSK signal over 10,080km transmission (2012)

We propose a new method to mitigate intra-channel nonlinear impairments based on digital frequency offsetting between polarizations. We experimentally demonstrate the improvement of the maximal Q-factor by 0.8 dB for 50Gb/s PM-iRZ-QPSK signal over a 10,080km PSCF transmission line with the impact of bandwidth-narrowing by 25GHz filtering.
Carbon Nanofibers: Preparation, Properties, and Applications in Composites (2020)

A judicious choice of the functional group grafted on the carbon nanofiber (CNF) is therefore critical for achieving a higher reinforcement effect in the nanocomposite. The chemically genius carbon has the unique ability to from carbon-carbon bonds in many different ways, with divergent hybridizations of the four valence orbitals to generate a variety of allotropes with characteristic properties. The manipulation of the macroscale properties of a polymer composite by infusing nanoscale structural variables leads to enormous opportunities for a technological and scientific understanding of the nanocomposite. Optimization of the shear force without damaging the CNF structure is a challenge for the preparation of CNF/polymer composites by the melt mixing approach. The structurally different CNFs are easier for physicochemical derivatization so better features can be introduced in the CNFs as well as for low-cost targeted strategic applications. The overall performances of the CNF/polymer composites are largely governed by the dispersion and orientation of the CNFs in the polymer matrix.
Deployment and Management of Sparse Sensor-Actuator Network in a Virtual Architecture (2012)

International audience
Sensory and decision-making processes underlying perceptual adaptation (2018)

Perceptual systems adapt to their inputs. As a result, prolonged exposure to particular stimuli alters judgments about subsequent stimuli. This phenomenon is commonly assumed to be sensory in origin. Changes in the decision-making process, however, may also be a component of adaptation. Here, we quantify sensory and decision-making contributions to adaptation in a facial expression paradigm. As expected, exposure to happy or sad expressions shifts the psychometric function toward the adaptor. More surprisingly, response times show both an overall decline and an asymmetry, with faster responses opposite the adapting category, implicating a substantial change in the decision-making process. Specifically, we infer that sensory changes from adaptation are accompanied by changes in how much sensory information is accumulated for the two choices. We speculate that adaptation influences implicit expectations about the stimuli one will encounter, causing modifications in the decision-making process as part of a normative response to a change in context.
Ionization-assisted spatiotemporal localization in gas-filled capillaries (2018)

We demonstrate numerically and experimentally that intense pulses propagating in gas-filled capillaries can undergo localization in space and time due to strong plasma defocusing. This phenomenon can occur below or above the self-focusing threshold P<sub>cr</sub> as a result of ionization-induced refraction that excites higher-order modes. The constructive interference of higher-order modes leads to spatiotemporal localization and resurgence of the intensity. Simulations show that this confinement is more prominent at shorter wavelength pulses and for smaller capillary diameters. Experiments with ultraviolet pulses show evidence that this ionization-induced refocusing appears below P<sub>cr</sub> and thus represents a mechanism for spatiotemporal confinement without self-focusing.
Friction stir spot welding of aluminium to steel by rotating tool without probe (2009)

A friction stir spot welding process, in which a rotating tool without a probe was employed, was applied to a lap joint of an aluminium plate to a low carbon steel plate. The thicknesses of both plates were 0.5 mm. In this process, the rotating tool of 5 mm diameter, rotating at 18,000 rpm, was plunged into the aluminium plate at a rate of 2 mm/s, and then kept at a maximum plunged depth of 0.05–0.35 mm for 0–2 s (dwell time). In the weld obtained by this process, a hole due to the impression of the penetrated tool probe was not formed, although a slight depression by the tool plunging remained. At tool plunge depths of 0.1 mm or over, it was possible to weld the two plates. The maximum tensile failure load of 454 N was obtained at a plunge depth of 0.1 mm and a dwell time of 1.5 s. Its joint was fractured at an almost constant load along the periphery of the depression, leaving a part of the aluminium plate on the steel plate surface. Based on the observation of the weld interface microstructure and metal flow of aluminium in the weld, controlling factors of the joint strength were discussed.