gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Materials for Loss-Based Switching in Silicon-Organic Hybrid Devices (2012)

We determine the critical parameters to produce highly efficient all-optical switching via nonlinear-loss-based decoupling in silicon microring resonators with organic material claddings. Switching energies as low as 100 fJ are possible.
An integrated hardware/software approach for run-time scratch-management (2004)

An ever increasing number of dynamic interactive applications are implemented on portable consumer electronics. Designers depend largely on operating systems to map these applications on the architecture. However, todayâs embedded operating systems abstract away the precise architectural details of the platform. As a consequence, they cannot exploit the energy efficiency of scratchpad memories. We present in this paper a novel integrated hardware/software solution to support scratchpad memories at a high abstraction level. We exploit hardware support to alleviate the transfer cost from/to the scratchpad memory and at the same time provide a high-level programming interface for run-time scratchpad management. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a case-study.
Intensity dependent time‐resolved photoluminescence studies of GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells of varying well width on laterally overgrown a‐plane and planar c‐plane GaN (2005)

Abstract GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) of varying well width grown on planar c ‐plane GaN and a ‐plane GaN templates fabricated by lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) have been studied by subpicosecond photoluminescence (PL) downconversion and time‐correlated single photon counting as a function of pump intensity. Although slower room temperature decays at higher carrier density are observed in both a ‐plane LEO and c ‐plane MQWs with 3 nm well width, this behavior is attributed to suppression of electric field‐enhanced recombination through the barriers and interfaces at higher carrier density in the c ‐plane MQW, while in the a ‐plane LEO MQW the sublinear dependence of the PL signal at t = 0 on pump intensity implies that the radiative lifetime in this high quality sample increases due to a reduction in excitonic oscillator strength associated with phase space filling. The combination of more intense time‐integrated PL spectra and shorter PL lifetimes with decreasing well width in the a ‐plane LEO MQWs for low pump intensity suggests that the radiative lifetime becomes shorter due to the accompanying increase in exciton binding energy and oscillator strength at smaller well width. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Latchup Computer Aided Design (CAD) Methods (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Latchup CAD Rules Design Rule Checking Computer-Aided Design Extraction Methodologies – Searching for the pnpn CAD Extraction Methods – Searching for the Guard Rings Latchup Extraction Methods and Tools Latchup CAD Simulation Summary and Closing Comments Problems References
Exact recovery in the binary stochastic block model with binary side information (2017)

We consider a generalization of the community detection problem, where for inference we have access to an additional observation that carries information (side information) about the label of each node. We study the effect of the quality of side information on the exact recovery phase transition of the binary symmetric stochastic block model by passing the true label through a binary symmetric channel (BSC) with crossover probability α. We show that when α is constant or approaching zero such that log(1-α/α) = o(log(n)), side information does not help exact recovery and the phase transition does not change. On the other hand, when log(1-α/α) = O(log(n)), we show that side information helps exact recovery. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions that are tight for different asymptotic regimes of α. An efficient algorithm that incorporates the effect of side information is proposed that uses a partial recovery algorithm combined with a local improvement procedure. Sufficient conditions are derived for exact recovery under this efficient algorithm.
Data from Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Molecular Profiles and Therapeutic Implications (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The majority of lung cancers are caused by long term exposure to the several classes of carcinogens present in tobacco smoke. Although a significant fraction of lung cancers in never smokers may also be attributable to tobacco, many such cancers arise in the absence of detectable tobacco exposure, and may follow a very different cellular and molecular pathway of malignant transformation. Recent studies summarized here suggest that lung cancers arising in never smokers have a distinct natural history, profile of oncogenic mutations, and response to targeted therapy. The majority of molecular analyses of lung cancer have focused on genetic profiling of pathways responsible for metabolism of primary tobacco carcinogens. Limited research has been conducted evaluating familial aggregation and genetic linkage of lung cancer, particularly among never smokers in whom such associations might be expected to be strongest. Data emerging over the past several years show that lung cancers in never smokers are much more likely to carry activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a key oncogenic factor and direct therapeutic target of several newer anticancer drugs. EGFR mutant lung cancers may represent a distinct class of lung cancers, enriched in the never-smoking population, and less clearly linked to direct tobacco carcinogenesis. These insights followed initial testing and demonstration of efficacy of EGFR-targeted drugs. Focused analysis of molecular carcinogenesis in lung cancers in never smokers is needed, and may provide additional biologic insight with therapeutic implications for lung cancers in both ever smokers and never smokers. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(18):5646–61)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Oxygen-Related Intrinsic Defects in GlassySiO2: Interstitial Ozone Molecules (2000)

Interstitial O3 molecules in 7.9 eV photon-irradiated silica are identified. Their optical absorption band at 4.8 eV nearly coincides with the 4.8 eV band of nonbridging oxygen hole centers. The O3-related band is distinguished by a smaller halfwidth (0.84 vs 1. 05 eV), by susceptibility to ultraviolet bleaching, by lack of correlation to the 1.9 eV luminescence band, and by rise of a singlet O2 luminescence band at 0.974 eV during photobleaching. This identification solves a long controversy on the nature of optical bands in silica and gives a tool for studying the mobility of atomic oxygen in SiO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactions Catalyzed over Solid Acids (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Environmental effects on the water absorption and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced PPS and PEEK composites. Part II (1991)

Abstract Research has been conducted to investigate the water absorption in carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK/CF) and poly(phenylene sulfide) composites (PPS/CF). Effect of humidity and temperature on tensile, flexural, and impact strength of these composites were also studied. Results indicated that the water absorbed in PPS/CF and PEEK/CF are 0.059 %wt, 0.130 %wt, 0.138 %wt, and 0.153 %wt at 80°C. 75 %RH and 85 %RH, respectively. The diffusion process is a classical Fickian diffusion in the temperature range investigated. The activation energies of diffusion are 667 cal/g‐mole (for PPS/CF) and 8934 cal/g‐mole (for PEEK/CF) at 80°C and 75 %RH. The retention of mechanical properties of these composites is very good under hot‐wet conditions. These composite materials can be served as high performance materials even in the hostile environment. PEEK/CF composites shows excellent mechanical properties retention even at 80°C, 75 %RH, and 85 %RH.
Enhanced polyhydroxybutyrate production in transgenic sugarcane (2012)

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bacterial polyester that has properties similar to some petrochemically produced plastics. Plant-based production has the potential to make this biorenewable plastic highly competitive with petrochemical-based plastics. We previously reported that transgenic sugarcane produced PHB at levels as high as 1.8% leaf dry weight without penalty to biomass accumulation, suggesting scope for improving PHB production in this species. In this study, we used different plant and viral promoters, in combination with multigene or single-gene constructs to increase PHB levels. Promoters tested included the maize and rice polyubiquitin promoters, the maize chlorophyll A/B-binding protein promoter and a Cavendish banana streak badnavirus promoter. At the seedling stage, the highest levels of polymer were produced in sugarcane plants when the Cavendish banana streak badnavirus promoter was used. However, in all cases, this promoter underwent silencing as the plants matured. The rice Ubi promoter enabled the production of PHB at levels similar to the maize Ubi promoter. The maize chlorophyll A/B-binding protein promoter enabled the production of PHB to levels as high as 4.8% of the leaf dry weight, which is approximately 2.5 times higher than previously reported levels in sugarcane. This is the first time that this promoter has been tested in sugarcane. The highest PHB-producing lines showed phenotypic differences to the wild-type parent, including reduced biomass and slight chlorosis.
Toward multiple-language TTS: experiments in English and Mandarin (2005)

Text-to-speech systems have dramatically improved in recent years through the use of corpus-based concatenative approaches, and we are beginning to see an interest in endowing them with the ability to handle more than the native language for which they have been developed. In this paper we present ongoing work at IBM in text-to-speech systems that can produce high-quality synthesis in more than one language. We illustrate the discussion with a case study in which two systems, originally developed to support English and Mandarin respectively, have been extended to support each other’s languages. We describe the challenges faced when adapting one system to a different target language, propose adaptation solutions, and present the results of perceptual tests carried out to evaluate how the approaches compare with the performance of the native systems.
Seminal plasma promotes decidualization of endometrial stromal fibroblasts in vitro from women with and without inflammatory disorders in a manner dependent on interleukin-11 signaling (2020)

This project was supported by NIH (R21AI116252, R21AI122821 and R01AI127219) to N.R.R. and (P50HD055764) to L.C.G. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Coreless multidisc axial flux PM machine with carbon nanotube windings (2016)

Axial flux machines are attracting increasing attention due to their compact structure. The torque to weight ratio can be further enhanced by the use of carbon nanotube (CNT) windings. This paper proposes a coreless axial flux machine with CNT windings. Calculations based on analytical equations and 3D finite element analysis are carried out to evaluate the performance improvement resulting from the replacement of copper coils with CNT windings.
Peak load minimization in load coupled interference networks (2017)

We propose a novel power control algorithm for the minimization of the peak load in the widely used load coupled network model, which is an abstract model able to capture the behavior of current and possibly future wireless networks. We first prove that the solution to the optimization problem we pose here requires all base stations with the same load. This necessary condition for optimality gives rise to a solver based on a bisection algorithm that requires an oracle able to answer whether a probed load is greater than the optimal value. By exploiting known properties of concave mappings, we devise an iterative oracle that, with a very mild assumption, provably gives the correct answer with a finite number of iterations. Simulations in an ultra-dense network show that the proposed algorithm can decrease the peak load by around 40% when compared to the peak load induced by the common approach of fixing the power of every base station to the maximum value.
Immunogenicity of 2 Doses of HPV Vaccine in Younger Adolescents vs 3 Doses in Young Women (2013)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00501137.
Development of amorphous silicon based EUV hardmasks through physical vapor deposition (2017)

Extending extreme ultraviolet (EUV) single exposure patterning to its limits requires more than photoresist development. The hardmask film is a key contributor in the patterning stack that offers opportunities to enhance lithographic process window, increase pattern transfer efficiency, and decrease defectivity when utilizing very thin film stacks. This paper introduces the development of amorphous silicon (a-Si) deposited through physical vapor deposited (PVD) as an alternative to a silicon ARC (SiARC) or silicon-oxide-type EUV hardmasks in a typical trilayer patterning scheme. PVD offers benefits such as lower deposition temperature, and higher purity, compared to conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. In this work, sub-36nm pitch line-space features were resolved with a positive-tone organic chemically-amplified resist directly patterned on PVD a-Si, without an adhesion promotion layer and without pattern collapse. Pattern transfer into the underlying hardmask stack was demonstrated, allowing an evaluation of patterning metrics related to resolution, pattern transfer fidelity, and film defectivity for PVD a-Si compared to a conventional tri-layer patterning scheme. Etch selectivity and the scalability of PVD a-Si to reduce the aspect ratio of the patterning stack will also be discussed.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF HIGH DILUTION ON-STREAM ISOTOPIC TRACERS. (In Situ Tracer Project). Annual Report (1960)

The investigation was designed to follow five broad approaches to the development of on-stream in situ tracer methods, principles, and techniques, which include theoretical studies, beta and gamma counting, and electronics, with emphasis on transistor principles and applications. Phase I was to identify and evaluate previous work accomplished in stream tracer studies and relate present research and development thereto. Phase II envisioned exploration, indepth technical analysis, and development of methods and principles for the application of in situ tracers, to problems such as (a) tracing the sources of stream pollution from civil and industrial waste disposals; (b) the use of nataral radiocarbon as an indication of the source of organic pollutants; (c) tracing the in-stream movements and attendant chemical and physical changes of certain waste compounds upon dischargs to the river; (d) tracing the machanisms of formation and of subsequent stream pollution by natural wastes such as the sulfur acids from coal mine drainage; (e) tracing river flow patterns, and in particular the measurement of longitudinal eddy diffusion coefficients and lateral mixing; and (f) relating the methods and techniques to industrially oriented problems. When necessary to demonstrate feasibility, laboratory mock- ups of the systems were applied in appropriate field tests. In particular, laboratory mock-ups of the low-level counting systems were applied to the feasibility demonstrations of source identification of certain pollutants of ths Ohio River. The theoretical discussions include low-level counting theory and the development of nomographs, a generalized case of large-scale pulse injection and planning nomographs for tracer experiments, including design principles for high-dilution tracer applications in rivers and streams. (auth)
I2-Mediated Oxidative C–N and N–S Bond Formation in Water: A Metal-Free Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted/N-Fused 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazoles and 3-Substituted 5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles (2018)

An environmentally benign and convenient strategy for the synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted/N-fused 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and 3-substituted 5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles from isothiocyanates has been developed. This metal-free method involves I2-mediated oxidative C–N and N–S bond formations in water. Furthermore, this facile protocol exhibited excellent substrate tolerance in good to high yields and scalable fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Aqueous‐Phase, Rhodium Hydroformylation Catalysts. Part 2. Hydroformylation of Linear, Terminal and Internal Olefins. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Context-driven on-board information support: Smart space-based architecture (2014)

Equipping vehicles with complicated information systems does not only introduce infotainment features but also makes it possible to implement new ideas to provide richer driving experience. The paper presents an approach integrating such concepts as smart space, collaborative recommendation system and context-based decision support. The key idea of the proposed approach is to implement context-based service fusion supported. This would provide a new, previously unavailable level of personalized on-board information support via generating solutions that take into account driver's preferences, information from various services as well as previous choices of users with similar interests. An application of these ideas is illustrated by an example of decision support taking into account available coupons and special offers. The system consists of several services that find, extract and process potentially useful information and provide it in a user-friendly vehicle interface. The smart space technology is used for providing interaction possibilities and interoperability of these services.
Genome Sequences of 12 Bacterial Isolates Obtained from the Urine of Pregnant Women (2016)

The presence of bacteria in urine can pose significant risks during pregnancy. However, there are few reference genome strains for many common urinary bacteria. We isolated 12 urinary strains of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Citrobacter, Gardnerella, and Lactobacillus These strains and their genomes are now available to the research community.
A series of fluorinated phenylpyridine-based electron-transporters for blue phosphorescent OLEDs (2015)

A series of fluorinated phenylpyridine-based electron-transport materials were developed and the influence of fluorine atom(s) on molecular orientation and mobility was investigated.
Protection activity induced by the bacterial vaccine, heat-killed Clostridium butyricum against Candida albicans infections in mice. (1987)

The bacterial vaccine, heat-killed Clostridium butyricum exhibits various immunomodulating activities including a strong protection activity against Candida albicans infection in mice. The analyses of immunomodulating activities induced by the vaccine showed that the vaccine stimulated macrophage and natural killer cell activity. Stimulation of delayed type hypersensitivity, IgM antibody formation and induction of γ-type interferon were observed. The vaccine was also mitogenic for B-cell lymphocytes. Among these immunomodulating activities, interferon was considered to be one of the important factors in the manifestation of in vivo anti-candida activity. Futrher studies using recombinant interferon (IFNa-A/D type interferon) confirmed the active role of interferon in the manifestation of the protection. The interferon production by the vaccine was also found to be dependent on the mouse strain used and was most active in DDY mice.
Discovery of a Novel Series of Potent and Selective Alkynylthiazole-Derived PI3Kγ Inhibitors (2020)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of enzymes that control a wide variety of cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, and intracellular trafficking. PI3Kγ plays a critical role in mediating leukocyte chemotaxis as well as mast cell degranulation, making it a potentially interesting target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We previously disclosed a novel series of PI3Kγ inhibitors derived from a benzothiazole core. The truncation of the benzothiazole core led to the discovery of a structurally diverse alkynyl thiazole series which displayed high PI3Kγ potency and subtype selectivity. Further medicinal chemistry optimization of the alkynyl thiazole series led to identification of compounds such as <b>14</b> and <b>32</b>, highly potent, subtype selective, and CNS penetrant PI3Kγ inhibitors. Compound <b>14</b> showed robust inhibition of PI3Kγ mediated neutrophil migration <i>in vivo</i>.
Revisiting Overlay Multicasting for the Cloud (2010)

Group communication systems (e.g., multicast, DHTs) have emerged as basic primitives for several large-scale distributed systems. Most existing systems that implement these primitives often assume a flat topology of overlay nodes. For instance, many DHTs assume that all overlay links are often homogeneous in their capacities, costs and other such characteristics. Similarly, multicast protocols create overlay trees without taking into account the physical location of nodes. While a few systems do consider latency between different overlay nodes, the fact that metrics such as latency change continuously often translates into additional complexity in constantly measuring and reorganizing nodes. Modern trends in hierarchical data center designs and global services running across several geographically disparate data centers pose unique challenges and opportunity to revisit the design of group communication systems with location awareness in-built into these systems from the ground up. In this paper, we present the design and architecture of one such system called DC2, in which nodes are aware of their location within the data center (e.g., rack, aggregation switch) and organize group communications in order to minimize the expensive cross-data center links or cross-hierarchy links as much as possible. In our experiments using a real prototype deployed over 700 virtual nodes running over 15 physical machines, we found that DC2 minimizes message latencies by several orders of magnitude, and reduces node and link stress by a factor of 2 to 3 ×.