gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pupillometry and radioreceptor binding. Semeiologic suggestions in the evaluation of the treatment with anticholinergic drugs. (1990)

In this study, a dynamic TV pupillometric system has been used to record the effects of the anticholinergic drug biperidene (Akineton) on pupil responsiveness to various types of stimuli. Plasma levels of the drug were evaluated by means of the radioreceptor binding technique at the same times of pupillometric monitoring. An excellent correlation was found between the effects of biperidene on pupil diameter after light and dark adaptation, light reflex and near vision reaction and the plasma levels of the drug. Radioreceptor binding and dynamic TV pupillometry represent useful tools to evaluate the possible alterations induced by drug therapy on the cholinergic system in man.
Influenza B virus genome: assignment of viral polypeptides to RNA segments (1979)

It was shown that all eight RNA segments of influenza B viruses are most likely monocistronic and code for eight virus-specific polypeptides. A genetic map of the influenza B virus genome was established, and six polypeptides (P1 protein, nucleoprotein, hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, M protein, and nonstructural protein) were unambiguously assigned to specific RNA segments. Molecular weight estimates of the eight individual genes are obtained by using the glyoxal method. These results suggest that each influenza B virus RNA segment has a greater molecular weight than the influenza A virus RNA segment which codes for the analogous gene product.
A Hand Book on "Probability, Random Variables & Random Processes" (2016)

We are very happy in bringing out the hand book entitled “Probability, Random Variables & Random Processes” for the B.Tech II year ECE students. The main objective of this hand book is to make the students to feel more comfortable, though it is a tough. This subject matter has been explained in a simple and lucid style so that both the students and the teachers can be benefited. This hand book will be a great boon to the students for their success in their university examinations. Each and every chapter includes a reasonable amount of question & answers, which includes questions from previous papers. At the end of each chapter, multiple choice and exercise questions are also given, which will help the students to face the university examinations comfortably. We sincerely hope that this hand book will be able to meet your requirements. Your feedback and comments are always welcome for further improvement of quality of this book in future.
Enhanced Pseudocapacitance of Ionic Liquid/Cobalt Hydroxide Nanohybrids (2013)

Development of nanostructured materials with enhanced redox reaction capabilities is important for achieving high energy and power densities in energy storage systems. Here, we demonstrate that the nanohybridization of ionic liquids (ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) through ionothermal synthesis leads to a rapid and reversible redox reaction. The as-synthesized IL-Co(OH)2 has a favorable, tailored morphology with a large surface area of 400.4 m(2)/g and a mesopore size of 4.8 nm. In particular, the IL-Co(OH)2-based electrode exhibits improvement in electrochemical characteristics compared with bare Co(OH)2, showing a high specific capacitance of 859 F/g at 1 A/g, high-rate capability (∼95% retention at 30 A/g), and excellent cycling performance (∼96% retention over 1000 cycles). AC impedance analysis demonstrates that the introduction of ILs on Co(OH)2 facilitates ion transport and charge transfer: IL-Co(OH)2 shows a higher ion diffusion coefficient (1.06 × 10(-11) cm(2)/s) and lower charge transfer resistance (1.53 Ω) than those of bare Co(OH)2 (2.55 × 10(-12) cm(2)/s and 2.59 Ω). Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the IL molecules, consisting of anion and cation groups, enable easier hydrogen desorption/adsorption process, that is, a more favorable redox reaction on the Co(OH)2 surface.
In vitro activity of naturally occurring peptides (defensins) against Listeria monocytogenes (1994)

Autoclaved distilled water samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes strain V7 and strain VPH-1, and incubated aerobically, at 30 C for 48 hours. Each strain was tested individually, and growth curves were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 21, 24, and 48 hours. The growth or survival of L. monocytogenes was similar for both strains, with survivors at 24 hour-incubation. The microbicidal activity of one synthetic cationic peptide (NP-2) was examined against L. monocytogenes strain V7, in a water system. Antibacterial activity of NP-2 (1, 5, and 10 g/ml) was best expressed at 60 minute-incubation, with 10 g/ml of peptide, at 30 C.
Rheological properties of diblock copolymer/layered‐silicate nanocomposites (2002)

Abstract The melt‐state viscoelastic properties of nanocomposites prepared with a symmetrical polystyrene–polyisoprene block copolymer and organically modified layered silicates are examined. Nanocomposites based on three thermodynamically equivalent organically modified layered silicates, primarily differing in lateral disk diameter ( d ), are studied with small‐amplitude oscillatory shear. The effects of the domain structure of the ordered block copolymer and the mesoscale dispersion of the layered silicates on the rheological properties are examined via a comparison of data for the nanocomposites in the ordered and disordered states of the block copolymer. Hybrids prepared with 5 wt % organically modified fluorohectorite ( d ∼ 10 μm) and montmorillonite ( d ∼ 1 μm) demonstrate a notable decrease in the frequency dependence of the moduli at low frequencies and a significant enhancement in the complex viscosity at low frequencies in the disordered state. This behavior is understood in terms of the development of a percolated layered‐silicate network structure. However, the viscoelastic properties in the disordered state with 5 wt % organically modified laponite ( d ∼ 30 nm) and in the ordered state of the block copolymer for all layered silicates demonstrate only minor changes from those observed for the unfilled polymer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1434–1443, 2002
Cell culture of renal epithelium derived from rabbit microdissected cortical collecting tubules (1983)

Cortical collecting tubules were dissected from rabbit kidney and cultured in a hormonally defined serum-free medium. Morphologic studies of the cultured cells derived from the collecting tubule indicated that the cells maintained their epithelial nature. These studies also revealed the presence of two distinct cell types that closely resemble the principal and intercalated cell types of the cortical collecting tubule. Several biochemical characteristics of the cultured cells were found to be similar to previously reported values for the cortical collecting tubule. The cells retain hormonal responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), as demonstrated by a 12-fold increase in cAMP in response to ADH. Cultured cortical collecting tubule cells produce prostaglandins, with prostaglandin E2 as the predominant cyclooxygenase product. This study presents the first morphologic and biochemical characterization of cortical collecting tubule epithelial cells grown in culture.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzosceptrins A (Ia) and B (Ib) with a Unique Benzocyclobutane Skeleton and Nagelamide S (II) and T (III) from Pacific Sponges. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
From Variational to Deterministic Autoencoders (2019)

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) provide a theoretically-backed and popular framework for deep generative models. However, learning a VAE from data poses still unanswered theoretical questions and considerable practical challenges. In this work, we propose an alternative framework for generative modeling that is simpler, easier to train, and deterministic, yet has many of the advantages of VAEs. We observe that sampling a stochastic encoder in a Gaussian VAE can be interpreted as simply injecting noise into the input of a deterministic decoder. We investigate how substituting this kind of stochasticity, with other explicit and implicit regularization schemes, can lead to an equally smooth and meaningful latent space without forcing it to conform to an arbitrarily chosen prior. To retrieve a generative mechanism to sample new data, we introduce an ex-post density estimation step that can be readily applied also to existing VAEs, improving their sample quality. We show, in a rigorous empirical study, that the proposed regularized deterministic autoencoders are able to generate samples that are comparable to, or better than, those of VAEs and more powerful alternatives when applied to images as well as to structured data such as molecules. \footnote{An implementation is available at: \url{https://github.com/ParthaEth/Regularized_autoencoders-RAE-}}
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance to Bacteriophages and Its Prevention by Strategic Therapeutic Cocktail Formulation (2021)

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to modern healthcare as it limits treatment options for bacterial infections, particularly impacting those with chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Viscous mucus accumulation in the lungs of individuals genetically predisposed to CF leads to recurrent bacterial infections, necessitating prolonged antimicrobial chemotherapy. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infections are the predominant driver of CF lung disease, and airway isolates are frequently resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria and are a promising alternative to antimicrobials for CF <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections. However, the narrow host range of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>-targeting phages and the rapid evolution of phage resistance could limit the clinical efficacy of phage therapy. A promising approach to overcome these issues is the strategic development of mixtures of phages (cocktails). The aim is to combine phages with broad host ranges and target multiple distinct bacterial receptors to prevent the evolution of phage resistance. However, further research is required to identify and characterize phage resistance mechanisms in CF-derived <i>P. aeruginosa,</i> which differ from their non-CF counterparts. In this review, we consider the mechanisms of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> phage resistance and how these could be overcome by an effective future phage therapy formulation.
Model-based/waveform hybrid coding for videotelephone images (1991)

An image coding method that combines model-based coding with conventional waveform coding is presented. Despite its potential to realize image communication at very low rates, model-based coding still has many glitches that need to be solved before any practical use. The major problems are the difficulty in modeling unknown objects and the presence of analysis errors. To cope with these difficulties, waveform coding is incorporated into model-based coding. The incorporated waveform coder can code unmodeled objects and cancel errors of the analysis system. A general model of model-based/waveform hybrid coding is discussed. Preliminary simulation results of a model-based/MC-DCT hybrid coding system show that this hybrid coding method is effective at very low transmission rates, such as 16 kb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fiber Optic Distributed Pressure Sensor Based on Brillouin Scattering (2006)

We report the development of a new fiber optic technique for the measurement of distributed hydrostatic pressure based on a specialty optical fiber provided with a pressure-enhancing coating, combined with an optical interrogation system based on the measurement of Brillouin backscattered light. Several, commercially-available coated fibers were tested for their pressure sensitivity. Using an especially up-buffered coating combination of Nylon and silicone layers and an outside diameter of 1.2mm resulted in a fiber increased Brillouin shift pressure sensitivity coefficient of 0.023MHz/psi. Using this fiber design in conjunction with an AQ8602 BOTDR unit, resulted in minimum pressure resolution of 15psi.
TGF-β-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells mediated by M6P/IGFII-R and mini-plasminogen (2005)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a key modulator of endothelial cell apoptosis, must be activated from the latent form (LTGF-beta) to induce biological responses. In the present study, we report activation of TGF-beta by functional and physical co-operation of the mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like-growth-factor-II receptor (CD222) and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (CD87). We show that endothelial cells express CD222 and CD87 in a membrane complex and demonstrate that the association of these two receptors is essential for the release of active TGF-beta in the transduced mouse fibroblast used as model cells. By contrast, smooth-muscle cells, which express CD222 and CD87 at similar density to endothelial cells but not in complexed form, do not activate TGF-beta. We also have found that mini-plasminogen is a high-affinity ligand for CD222 and is essential for the activation of TGF-beta by the CD87-CD222 complex to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This specific mechanism of TGF-beta-mediated apoptosis in endothelial cells is thus a potential novel target to be considered for treatment of pathological vascular disorders (e.g. tumor angiogenesis).
Autoantibodies Detected in MIS-C Patients due to Administration of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (2021)

Abstract The autoantibody profile associated with known autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remains poorly defined. Here we show that adults with COVID-19 had a moderate prevalence of autoantibodies against the lung antigen KCNRG, and SLE-associated Smith autoantigen. Children with COVID-19 rarely had autoantibodies; one of 59 children had GAD65 autoantibodies associated with acute insulin-dependent diabetes. While autoantibodies associated with SLE/Sjögren’s syndrome (Ro52, Ro60, and La) and/or autoimmune gastritis (gastric ATPase) were detected in 74% (40/54) of MIS-C patients, further analysis of these patients and of children with Kawasaki disease (KD), showed that the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG) was largely responsible for detection of these autoantibodies in both groups of patients. Monitoring in vivo decay of the autoantibodies in MIS-C children showed that the IVIG-derived Ro52, Ro60, and La autoantibodies declined to undetectable levels by 45-60 days, but gastric ATPase autoantibodies declined more slowly requiring &gt;100 days until undetectable. Together these findings demonstrate that administration of high-dose IVIG is responsible for the detection of several autoantibodies in MIS-C and KD. Further studies are needed to investigate autoantibody production in MIS-C patients, independently from IVIG administration.
Polymorph Screening of the Antitumor Drug Ripretinib─Selective Preference of Dimer Synthons (2023)

Ripretinib is commercialized as a medication to treat patients suffering from advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The USFDA-approved drug (2020) is highly water-insoluble and belongs to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II category. Solid form screening was performed to initiate its structural landscape and establish thermodynamic relationship between the crystalline forms. This resulted in two anhydrous polymorphs (Forms 1 and 2), one hydrate, and a series of solvates with acetone, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol–water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and tetrahydrofuran (THF)–water that were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis (DSC/TGA), and finally single-crystal XRD. Both Form 1 (Z′ = 2) and Form 2 (Z′ = 1) constitute an N–H···O (mono/bifurcated) hydrogen-bonded centrosymmetric dimer. They are designated as packing polymorphs. Note that there is also a minor conformational difference observed in the N-methyl fraction of the polymorphs. Interestingly, all the crystalline solid forms of the drug maintain a robust N–H···O H-bonded dimer in the polymorphs as well as solvates that was supported by a similar CO vibration. Comparatively, the acetone, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol–water, and THF–water solvates transformed to Form 1 following desolvation. Form 1 is supposed to be the thermodynamically most stable form based on its higher crystal density, melting point/enthalpy of fusion, and lower solubility compared to Form 2. Among the Forms 1 and 2 and hydrate, the hydrate was more soluble in pure ethanol than the anhydrous forms and their solubility order is hydrate > Form 2 > Form 1.
Lateral Buckling of High Aspect Ratio Janus Nanowalls (2012)

Abstract In recent years, the fabrication of Janus materials and their potential applications has been of much interest in Materials Science. Here, we report the fabrication of an entirely novel structure–Janus nanowalls and the phenomenon of lateral buckling in them. Polymeric nanowalls were prepared with the replica molding technique and metal films, of comparable thicknesses, were then deposited on one side of the polymer nanowalls by vacuum process. During the metal deposition, the nanowalls themselves buckle laterally; this buckling is induced by the compressive residual stress in the metal film and geometric confining constraints. The feature of wrinkle patterns resulting from the lateral buckling was theoretically investigated using the scaling analysis. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Development of Cellulose Sulfate‐based Polyelectrolyte Complex Microcapsules for Medical Applications (1999)

Microencapsulation, as a tool for immunoisolation for allogenic or xenogenic implants, is a rapidly growing field. However most of the approaches are based on alginate/polylysine capsules, despite this system's obvious disadvantages such as its pyrogenicity. Here we report a different encapsulation system based on sodium cellulose sulfate and polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride for the encapsulation of mammalian cells. We have characterized this system regarding capsule formation, strength and size of the capsules as well as viability of the cells after encapsulation. In addition, we demonstrate the efficacy of these capsules as a "microfactory" in vitro and in vivo. Using encapsulated hybridoma cells we were able to demonstrate long-term release of antibodies up to four months in vivo. In another application we could show the therapeutic relevance of encapsulated genetically modified cells as an in vivo activation center for cytostatic drugs during tumor therapy.
NEW TUCKSTONE REFRACTORY SOLUTION FOR LONG LIFE GLASS FURNACE SUPERSTRUCTURE (2021)

Tuckstones are the first superstructure parts in glass furnaces: the whole superstructure stability relies partly on their performances. A block rupture at an early stage of the furnace lifetime can be a critical issue (superstructure destabilization, tank block corrosion increase etc.) and generally requires high maintenance costs induced by hot repair processes. Stresses undergone by these parts during glass furnace operation will be assessed thanks to experimental measurements, post-mortem analyses and endoscopic observations. Thanks to a numerical simulation study of stress field evolution, we will design a new refractory solution for tuckstone system including suitable materials, innovative shapes, and a specific insulating board associated. The advantages brought by all these improvements will be detailed both from corrosion and mechanical point of view. With this new improved composite solution for tuckstone application, SEFPRO can provides more stable superstructures but also slow down corrosion rate of metal lines thanks to better and longerlasting protection from radiative thermal transfer and from corrosive rundowns.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaesurface polysaccharides: their role in diagnosis and immunogenicity (2000)

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important pig pathogen that is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection. Knowledge of the importance, composition and structural determination of the major antigens involved in virulence provides crucial information that could lead to the development of a rationale for the production of specific serodiagnostic tools as well as vaccine development. Thus, efforts have been devoted to study mainly A. pleuropneumoniae virulence determinants with special emphasis on the Apx toxins (for A. pleuropneumoniae RTX toxins). In comparison, little attention has been given to the surface polysaccharides, which include capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and cell-wall lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Here, we review current knowledge on CPS and LPS of A. pleuropneumoniae used as diagnostic tools to monitor the infection and as immunogens for inclusion in vaccine preparations for animal protection.
Full field-of-view, high-resolution, photon-counting detector CT: technical assessment and initial patient experience (2021)

We report a comprehensive evaluation of a full field-of-view (FOV) photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) system using phantoms, and qualitatively assess image quality in patient examples. A whole-body PCD-CT system with 50 cm FOV, 5.76 cm z-detector coverage and two acquisition modes (standard: 144 × 0.4 mm collimation and ultra-high resolution (UHR): 120 × 0.2 mm collimation) was used in this study. Phantoms were scanned to assess image uniformity, CT number accuracy, noise power spectrum, spatial resolution, material decomposition and virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) performance. Four patients were scanned on the PCD-CT system with matched or lower radiation dose than their prior clinical CT scans performed using energy-integrating detector (EID) CT, and the potential clinical impact of PCD-CT was qualitatively evaluated. Phantom results showed water CT numbers within ±5 HU, and image uniformity measured between peripheral and central regions-of-interests to be within ±5 HU. For the UHR mode using a dedicated sharp kernel, the cut-off spatial frequency was 40 line-pairs cm<sup>-1</sup>, which corresponds to a 125<i>μ</i>m limiting in-plane spatial resolution. The full-width-at-half-maximum for the section sensitivity profile was 0.33 mm for the smallest slice thickness (0.2 mm) using the UHR mode. Material decomposition in a multi-energy CT phantom showed accurate material classification, with a root-mean-squared-error of 0.3 mg cc<sup>-1</sup>for iodine concentrations (2-15 mg cc<sup>-1</sup>) and 14.2 mg cc<sup>-1</sup>for hydroxyapatite concentrations (200 and 400 mg cc<sup>-1</sup>). The average percent error for CT numbers corresponding to the iodine concentrations in VMI (40-70 keV) was 2.75%. Patient PCD-CT images demonstrated better delineation of anatomy for chest and temporal bone exams performed with the UHR mode, which allowed the use of very sharp kernels not possible with EID-CT. VMI and virtual non-contrast images generated from a patient head CT angiography exam using the standard acquisition mode demonstrated the multi-energy capability of the PCD-CT system.