gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Flavanone Glycosides after Ingestion of Single Doses of Fresh-Squeezed Orange Juice versus Commercially Processed Orange Juice in Healthy Humans (2014)

Orange juice is a rich source of flavonoids considered beneficial to cardiovascular health in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics of the main flavanone glycosides, hesperidin and narirutin, in humans after the consumption of two styles of orange juice, fresh-squeezed (FOJ) and commercially processed (POJ), differing in their amounts of soluble and insoluble forms of these compounds. Healthy human subjects consumed 11.5 mL/kg body weight of FOJ, and after an interval of 30 days, consumed the same quantity of POJ. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the Tmax of the pharmacokinetic curves for the metabolites of hesperidin and narirutin following the consumption of the two styles of juices, and corrected for differences in doses in the POJ and FOJ, there were also no significant differences in the AUC and Cmax values and percent absorption of these compounds.
Bacillus thuringiensis chimeric proteins Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 to control soybean lepidopteran pests: New domain combinations enhance insecticidal spectrum of activity and novel receptor contributions (2021)

Two new chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2, were constructed using specific domains, which provide insecticidal activity against key lepidopteran soybean pests while minimizing receptor overlaps between themselves, current, and soon to be commercialized plant incorporated protectants (PIP's) in soybean. Results from insect diet bioassays demonstrate that the recombinant Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 are toxic to soybean looper (SBL) Chrysodeixis includens Walker, velvetbean caterpillar (VBC) Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania, and black armyworm (BLAW) Spodoptera cosmioides with LC50 values < 3,448 ng/cm2. Cry1B.2 is of moderate activity with significant mortality and stunting at > 3,448 ng/cm2, while Cry1A.2 lacks toxicity against old-world bollworm (OWB) Helicoverpa armigera. Results from disabled insecticidal protein (DIP) bioassays suggest that receptor utilization of Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 proteins are distinct from each other and from current, and yet to be commercially available, Bt proteins in soy such as Cry1Ac, Cry1A.105, Cry1F.842, Cry2Ab2 and Vip3A. However, as Cry1A.2 contains a domain common to at least one commercial soybean Bt protein, resistance to this common domain in a current commercial soybean Bt protein could possibly confer at least partial cross resistance to Cry1A2. Therefore, Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 should provide two new tools for controlling many of the major soybean insect pests described above.
A stable three-phase LCL-filter based active rectifier without damping (2004)

Industrial-LCL-based grid converters using an active rectifier need to be designed in view of robustness, stability and high efficiency. In this paper the design of an active rectifier that does not need damping whether passive or active is described. This allows obtaining stability without the decrease of the efficiency typical for the passive damping methods or the increase of cost due to more sensors or more complex control algorithms that is typical for the active damping methods. This has been achieved with a careful choice of sensor position and of the passive elements in the LCL-filter. In fact if the current sensors are on the grid side, rather than on the converter side, the current loop is much more near to the stability. Moreover, if the grid side inductance is a fraction of the converter side one, the current loop is again much more near to the stability. Thus, with a proper design the system can be made stable at some switching frequencies even without any damping.
Aspects of the problem of clinical trials of modern targeted radiopharmaceuticals (2023)

According to the results of our study, the authors point of view on the problem of testing of radiopharmaceutical medicaments, is reflected, taking into account the active modern development of nuclear medicine. In the context, the issues of the structure characters of targeted radiopharmaceutical medicaments (RPM) are considered from their development to the organization of clinical trials in Russia and abroad.&#x0D; The characters of the fact that targeted ligands delivering active diagnostic and therapeutic isotopes to tumor cells do not have a biological effect by themselves, and the main active pharmaceutical ingredient, radionuclide, is used in the range of radiation doses allowed for diagnosis and therapy. In this context, the absence of the necessity for the first phase of clinical trials and simplification of the design of the second and the third phases is justified for diagnostic RPM. Approaches to clinical research of therapeutic RPMs are considered separately, taking into account the known pre-clinical and clinical results of their effectiveness and radiation safety. By way of a clinical case, scintigrams of researches of the effectiveness of imaging tumors and metastases are presented using various diagnostic RFLP by SPECT-CT and PET-CT methods, at which point we pay attention to the characters of carrying out clinical trials in cancer medicine of RPM with high-energy and the most promising -radionuclides.
Somatic Hypermutation Introduces Insertions and Deletions into Immunoglobulin V Genes (1998)

During a germinal center reaction, random mutations are introduced into immunoglobulin V genes to increase the affinity of antibody molecules and to further diversify the B cell repertoire. Antigen-directed selection of B cell clones that generate high affinity surface Ig results in the affinity maturation of the antibody response. The mutations of Ig genes are typically basepair substitutions, although DNA insertions and deletions have been reported to occur at a low frequency. In this study, we describe five insertion and four deletion events in otherwise somatically mutated VH gene cDNA molecules. Two of these insertions and all four deletions were obtained through the sequencing of 395 cDNA clones (approximately 110,000 nucleotides) from CD38+IgD- germinal center, and CD38-IgD- memory B cell populations from a single human tonsil. No germline genes that could have encoded these six cDNA clones were found after an extensive characterization of the genomic VH4 repertoire of the tonsil donor. These six insertions or deletions and three additional insertion events isolated from other sources occurred as triplets or multiples thereof, leaving the transcripts in frame. Additionally, 8 of 9 of these events occurred in the CDR1 or CDR2, following a pattern consistent with selection, and making it unlikely that these events were artifacts of the experimental system. The lack of similar instances in unmutated IgD+CD38- follicular mantle cDNA clones statistically associates these events to the somatic hypermutation process (P = 0.014). Close scrutiny of the 9 insertion/deletion events reported here, and of 25 additional insertions or deletions collected from the literature, suggest that secondary structural elements in the DNA sequences capable of producing loop intermediates may be a prerequisite in most instances. Furthermore, these events most frequently involve sequence motifs resembling known intrinsic hotspots of somatic hypermutation. These insertion/deletion events are consistent with models of somatic hypermutation involving an unstable polymerase enzyme complex lacking proofreading capabilities, and suggest a downregulation or alteration of DNA repair at the V locus during the hypermutation process.
Effect of Pullet Vaccination on Development and Longevity of Immunity (2019)

Avian respiratory disease causes significant economic losses in commercial poultry. Because of the need to protect long-lived poultry against respiratory tract pathogens from an early age, vaccination programs for pullets typically involve serial administration of a variety of vaccines, including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Often the interval between vaccinations is only a matter of weeks, yet it is unknown whether the development of immunity and protection against challenge when vaccines are given in short succession occurs in these birds, something known as viral interference. Our objective was to determine whether serially administered, live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV influence the development and longevity of immunity and protection against challenge in long-lived birds. Based on a typical pullet vaccination program, specific-pathogen-free white leghorns were administered multiple live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV until 16 weeks of age (WOA), after which certain groups were challenged with IBV, NDV, or ILTV at 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 WOA. Five days post-challenge, viral load, clinical signs, ciliostasis, tracheal histopathology, and antibody titers in serum and tears were evaluated. We demonstrate that pullets serially administered live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV were protected against homologous challenge with IBV, NDV, or ILTV for at least 36 weeks, and conclude that the interval between vaccinations used in this study (at least 2 weeks) did not interfere with protection. This information is important because it shows that a typical pullet vaccination program consisting of serially administered live attenuated vaccines against multiple respiratory pathogens can result in the development of protective immunity against each disease agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing the Biosynthetic Potential of Modular Polyketide Synthases (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
m-tables: Representing Missing Data (2017)

Representation systems have been widely used to capture different forms of incomplete data in various settings. However, existing representation systems are not expressive enough to handle the more complex scenarios of missing data that can occur in practice: these could vary from missing attribute values, missing a known number of tuples, or even missing an unknown number of tuples. In this work, we propose a new representation system called m-tables, that can represent many different types of missing data. We show that m-tables form a closed, complete and strong representation system under both set and bag semantics and are strictly more expressive than conditional tables under both the closed and open world assumptions. We further study the complexity of computing certain and possible answers in m-tables. Finally, we discuss how to "interpret" m-tables through a novel labeling scheme that marks a type of generalized tuples as certain or possible.
Structure‐activity studies of hydrophobic amino acid replacements at positions 9, 11 and 16 of glucagon (1997)

We have designed and synthesized eight compounds 2-9 which incorporate neutral, hydrophobic amino acid residues in positions 9, 11 and 16 of the glucagon molecule: (2) [desHis1, Val9. Ile11,16] glucagon amide, (3) [desHis1, Val9,11,16] glucagon amide, (4) [desHis1, Val9, Leu11,16]glucagon amide, (5) [desHis1, Nle9, Ile11,16]glucagon amide, (6) [desHis1, Nle9, Val11,16] glucagon amide, (7) [desHis1,-Nle9, Leu11,16] glucagon amide, (8) [desHis1, Val9, Leu11,16, Lys17,18, Glu21] glucagon amide and (9) [desHis1, Nle9, Leu11,16, Lys17,18, Glu21] glucagon amide. The effect of neutral, hydrophobic residues at positions 9, 11 and 16 led to good binding to the glucagon receptor. Compared to glucagon (IC50 = 1.5 nM), analogues 2-9 were found to have IC50 values of 6.0, 6.0, 11.0, 9.0, 2.5, 2.8, 6.5 and 7.0 nM, respectively. When these compounds were tested for their ability to block adenylate cyclase (AC) activity, they were found to be antagonists having no stimulation of adenyl cyclase, with pA2 values of 6.15, 6.20, 6.30, 7.25, 6.10, 7.30, 6.25 and 7.25, respectively.
Low-Temperature Emittance Apparatus (1963)

Emittance measurement for sheet materials at low temperature, and mathematical expression for cylindrical configuration
The Total Synthesis of Mitomycins (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Total Synthesis of MitomycinsYoshito KishiCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1979, 42, 6, 549–568Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50006a001https://doi.org/10.1021/np50006a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views830Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correction to "toward a theory of test data selection" (1975)

In the above-named paper the program in Fig. 3 should read "then begin" on line 7, "bufpos := 0 end end" on line 20, and the semicolon on line 23 should be omitted. The program as given in Table I already reflects these corrections, so no other changes to the paper are necessary. These corrections were pointed out by H. C. Lauer.
Ocular and Orbital Complications following the Treatment of Retinoblastoma (1998)

Ocular complications after treating children with retinoblastoma are common and may seriously affect the quality of life of children surviving the primary malignancy.
Structure/property relationships in pulsed-laser-deposited ferroelectric thin films for frequency-agile microwave electronics (1998)

Low loss ferroelectric thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are currently being used to develop a new class of tunable microwave circuits based on the electric field dependence of the dielectric constant. Single phase, (100) oriented Ba<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.5</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB> (BST) films have been deposited onto (100) LaAlO<SUB>3</SUB>, SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB>, and MgO substrates. Interdigitated capacitors have been used to measure the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of these films as a function of DC bias and temperature at 1 MHz and as a function of DC bias at 1 to 20 GHz at room temperature. A low phase noise voltage controlled oscillator is currently being developed for use at frequencies from 1 - 20 GHz. To achieve low phase noise in the oscillator will require the loss tangent in the ferroelectric to be &lt;EQ 5 X 10<SUP>-3</SUP>. Origins of the dielectric loss are being investigated using optical techniques. Optical imaging of the ferroelectric films using confocal scanning optical microscopy shows reproducible polarization fluctuations over sub-micrometer length scales for BST films deposited onto SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> which are not observed for films deposited onto MgO. Dielectric loss in the ferroelectric film is reduced through a combination of post deposition processing and donor/acceptor doping of the films. The lowest dielectric loss measured at microwave frequencies (tan(delta) equals 0.01 at 1 - 10 GHz) has been in a post-deposition annealed Ba<SUB>0.5</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.5</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB> film doped with approximately 1 - 2 atomic % Mn.
Impact of climate change on the water balance of the Thaya basin (2023)

The Thaya is a trans-national river basin that is situated in the Czech Republic and Austria. Different human activities in the basin and multiple water uses increase the water demand. This increase, combined with the recent droughts events in 2017 and 2018, has recently resulted in reconsidering the water management strategies for future climates. This contribution aims to evaluate the effect of climate change on the water balance of the Thaya. The aim is to apply two different hydrological models in an identical setting (the same model inputs, scenarios, and regional and water use data) and to identify water availability and its change under various climate and water use scenarios. The assessments compare BILAN and TUWmodel hydrological models coupled with the WATERRES water use module and a large sample of climate projections (the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models), which represent various socioeconomic pathways combined with projections of possible changes in water use. The results will demonstrate an insight into how the water balance in different parts of the Thaya basin has changed in the past and what are the possible effects of climate change on these water resources in the future.
Therapeutic enzyme engineering using a generative neural network (2022)

Enhancing the potency of mRNA therapeutics is an important objective for treating rare diseases, since it may enable lower and less-frequent dosing. Enzyme engineering can increase potency of mRNA therapeutics by improving the expression, half-life, and catalytic efficiency of the mRNA-encoded enzymes. However, sequence space is incomprehensibly vast, and methods to map sequence to function (computationally or experimentally) are inaccurate or time-/labor-intensive. Here, we present a novel, broadly applicable engineering method that combines deep latent variable modelling of sequence co-evolution with automated protein library design and construction to rapidly identify metabolic enzyme variants that are both more thermally stable and more catalytically active. We apply this approach to improve the potency of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), a urea cycle enzyme for which loss of catalytic activity causes a rare but serious metabolic disease.
Thoracoscopic surgery for chest wall, pleural and mediastinal tumors. (1993)

胸腔内進展を呈した良性腫瘍に対し, 胸腔鏡下にて腫瘍摘出術を行い, 良好な成績を得たので報告した.症例は胸壁腫瘍2例 (神経鞘腫1例, 脂肪腫1例), 肺胸膜腫瘍1例 (限局性中皮腫), 後縦隔腫瘍1例 (Dumbbell 型神経鞘腫) の4例である.分離肺換気による全身麻酔下, 胸腔鏡を挿入し, 小開胸創より鉗子を挿入して胸壁および胸膜腫瘍を切除した.腫瘍は小開胸創より取り出した.Dumbbell 型後縦隔腫瘍に対しては, 椎弓切除にて椎間孔進入部の腫瘍を脊髄根から切離した後, 同様に胸腔鏡下に胸腔より摘出した.本術式は, 創が小さいため手術侵襲が小さく, 胸壁機能が温存される利点があり, 創痛も軽く, 美容上も優れていた.胸腔鏡下腫瘍摘出術は, 胸壁・胸膜・縦隔の良性腫瘍で, 胸腔内に進展するタイプが最も良い適応であり, 今後, 積極的に導入されるべき術式と考えられた.
WoO based emergency service support functions for smart home care (2014)

Under the concept of Web-of-Object (WoO), emergency service is one of the key components in smart home care. Most distinctive characteristics of the emergency service are prompt detection, confidential decision making, and immediate reaction. For that, besides the general service management, the sensor data management, context processing, and communication functions are designed under the name of support functions. A use case with service procedures shows how they work in between the service platform and end devices.
Micropatterned agarose gels for stamping arrays of proteins and gradients of proteins (2004)

We describe a method for repetitive and rapid formation of planar microarrays and gradients of proteins using patterned agarose stamps. It demonstrates: (i) micropatterning of agarose gels with feature sizes as small as 2 microm; (ii) inking of posts (diameter 50-1000 microm) on patterned agarose stamps with one or multiple (here, eight) proteins and repetitive stamping of patterns (>100 times in the case of one protein) and arrays (20 times in the case of eight proteins) without the need for intermediate re-inking; (iii) transferring spots of proteins with good homogeneity in surface coverage to glass slides; (iv) applying this technique to surface-based immunoassays; (v) stamping that requires only sub-nanomolar amounts of protein (typically approximately 3 microg in approximately 0.6 microL of solution); (vi) stamping without the need for drying of the proteins, as opposed to stamping with stamps made of poly(dimethylsiloxane); and (vii) patterning gradients of proteins by allowing two proteins to diffuse toward each other in an agarose stamp, followed by printing the protein gradients onto a surface.
A Multilayer Strategy for Improving the Abrasion Resistance of Silica Nanoparticle-Based Motheye Antireflective Coatings on Glass (2016)

Motheye antireflective coatings (ARCs) are based on periodic or stochastic features with dimensions below the wavelength of visible light which can be used to produce a gradient index of refraction between air and the substrate. In this work, two silica nanoparticle-based motheye ARCs of similar optical performance, but different physical structures, were deposited on glass and characterized for mechanical behavior to provide insights into the mechanisms for abrasion resistance in these films. Optical and mechanical performances were evaluated in light of the mechanical properties and physical structure of the films using models for describing the mechanical behavior of the films. The results show that the three-layer coating was found to have better abrasion resistance than a simple single layer coating largely due to better crack nucleation resistance and scratch resistance. The simple single-layer film showed better crack propagation resistance than the three-layer film due to the existence of nanoparticles (NPs) throughout the cross section of the film. The three-layer film appears to have higher work of adhesion based on exhibiting better delamination and spallation resistance.
Fast switching dual-frequency liquid crystal optical retarder, driven by an amplitude and frequency modulated voltage (2003)

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a fast-switching nematic optical retarder capable to switch a few microns of optical retardation in less than 1 ms. For example, a nematic cell of thickness 14.5 μm switches 0.3 μm of retardation within 0.15 ms and 2.5 μm within 0.5 ms for single passage of beam. The corresponding figure of merit is two orders of magnitude higher than the one known for the best nematic materials synthesized so far. The fit is achieved by employing a dual-frequency nematic liquid crystal in high-pretilt angle cells and a special addressing scheme that features amplitude and frequency modulated voltage. The scheme can be used in spatial light modulators, retarders, beam deflectors, polarization rotator, and displays.
New materials for directed self-assembly for advanced patterning (2014)

Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of block copolymers is a candidate advanced patterning technology at future technology nodes. Although DSA promises resolution and cost benefits, a number of constraints and challenges remain for its implementation. Poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA) has been widely studied in DSA and applied in various applications to demonstrate the potential of DSA to extend optical lithography, including line space and contact hole patterning and uniformity repair,. However, the relatively weak segregation strength of PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA limits its capability to pattern sub-10 nm features. This paper presents the use of strongly segregated high <i>X</i> block copolymers to enable sub-10 nm patterning. Chemoepitaxy DSA with high <i>X</i> lamellar block copolymers is demonstrated with two different strategies based on thermal annealing process and no top coat. These technologies hold promise to enable the implementation of DSA at future technology nodes.