gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the dynamics of volatile sulfur compound emission from primary systems at a water resource recovery facility (2020)

This study quantifies volatile sulfur compound (VSC) emissions from primary settling tanks and investigates their mechanisms of generation. Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub> S) and methyl mercaptan (MM) concentrations in the off-gas were dominant among the VSCs analyzed, while dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were under their odor threshold for most sampling dates. H<sub>2</sub> S emission in primary settling tanks was mainly the result of the stripping of dissolved sulfide (64%) generated in the sewers. Results indicate that MM emission was more dependent on the conditions in the primary clarifiers (only 16% stripping). Prevention of odor emission in primary settling tanks can be achieved by managing biofilms and microbial reactions in the sewer network. Controlling the biomass seeding and fermentation product availability in the primary settling tanks is essential to significantly minimize the kinetics of H<sub>2</sub> S and MM generation. Overall, the management of sludge blanket heights and thus avoiding time at low oxidation-reduction potential minimized odor emission independent of sewer conditions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: H<sub>2</sub> S emission from primary clarifiers mainly originated from the stripping of the dissolved sulfide formed in the sewers. MM emission contributed for 89% to overall odor emitted from primary clarifiers. Seeding of active biomass from the sewer into the primary clarifiers was be the main driver for both MM and H<sub>2</sub> S formation. Increased availability of fermentation products or fermenters increased MM production.
Comparative Genomics ofHelicobacter pylori: Analysis of the Outer Membrane Protein Families (2000)

The two complete genomic sequences of Helicobacter pylori J99 and 26695 were used to compare the paralogous families (related genes within one genome, likely to have related function) of genes predicted to encode outer membrane proteins which were present in each strain. We identified five paralogous gene families ranging in size from 3 to 33 members; two of these families contained members specific for either H. pylori J99 or H. pylori 26695. Most orthologous protein pairs (equivalent genes between two genomes, same function) shared considerable identity between the two strains. The unusual set of outer membrane proteins and the specialized outer membrane may be a reflection of the adaptation of H. pylori to the unique gastric environment where it is found. One subfamily of proteins, which contains both channel-forming and adhesin molecules, is extremely highly related at the sequence level and has likely arisen due to ancestral gene duplication. In addition, the largest paralogous family contained two essentially identical pairs of genes in both strains. The presence and genomic organization of these two pairs of duplicated genes were analyzed in a panel of independent H. pylori isolates. While one pair was present in every strain examined, one allele of the other pair appeared partially deleted in several isolates.
On the extension of traditional resource allocation algorithms in LTE-A to joint UL-DL scheduling with FDD carrier aggregation (2014)

Through and spectral efficiency maximization are two of the most challenging issues to be addressed by current and future cellular networks. To achieve these goals however, radio resources need to be utilized in a coordinated manner to provide better network performance and ensure adequate user quality of service (QoS). The radio resources are controlled by LTE base station (eNodeB) and can be scheduled either independently or jointly by considering both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL). This paper addresses the joint UL-DL scheduling in a carrier aggregation (CA) supportive LTE-advanced networks. This work provides good insights of the implementation of the traditional scheduling algorithms for joint UL-DL scheduling for LTE-A utilizing the functionality of CA. We present preliminary results from a MATLAB-based IS-Wireless system level simulator that confirm the importance of the fair sharing of the resources between the UL and DL channels while maintaining a good QoS. Furthermore, simulation results show that the resource utilization and spectral efficiency can be significantly improved by dynamically changing the bandwidth portion between the UL and DL. Finally, we also show that there is a significant improvement in both UL and DL data rates using the proposed CA and joint scheduling schemes.
Complication avoidance in minimally invasive spinal surgery (2019)

Minimally invasive techniques in spinal surgery allow surgeons to perform operations with less of the approach-related morbidity inherent to traditional open procedures. Yet these muscle-sparing procedures come with a unique set of risks that stem from the novel approaches, limited exposure, and/or a restricted working corridor that they employ. The literature suggests that these operations can be performed without an increased rate of complication once the associated learning curve has been surmounted, suggesting that knowledge of and experience with the nuances of these procedures are essential for patient safety. The present article describes the complications specific to a variety of minimally invasive spinal surgeries and provides guidance on how to avoid them.
Biomimetic oxidative decarboxylation of amino acids by H2O2 using a tungstate based heterogeneous catalyst (2014)

Oxidative decarboxylation of α-amino acids is generally mediated by hypobromite (‘Br+’) species, which are produced from organic reagents like N-bromosuccinimide[1] or by NaOCl induced oxidation of NaBr.[2] However, large amounts of (in)organic waste products are generated. On the other hand, it has been shown that the enzyme vanadium chloroperoxidase is able to perform the oxidative decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid and L-phenylalanine with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).[3] Based on previous work on olefin epoxidation[4], a tungstate-exchanged layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been developed as a heterogeneous mimic of the enzyme’s active site: electrostatically immobilized tungstate ions are transformed in situ by H2O2 into peroxotungstate species, which in turn oxidize bromide ions to hypobromite species. A catalytic system containing LDH and NH4Br in an organic solvent or even water allows selective oxidative decarboxylation of α-amino acids into nitriles, whereas in enzyme-catalyzed reactions selectivity is often reduced due to aldehyde formation. H2O2 is added in a controlled way to increase oxidant efficiency. In this way, phenylalanine can be transformed into phenylacetonitrile with 88% yield using 8 equivalents of H2O2. The catalyst material is stable under reaction conditions and recycling is easy. The substrate scope has been extended to other α-amino acids. Alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and norleucine were converted into aliphatic nitriles with 88-100% yield. Moreover, the system is compatible with alcohol and amide moieties. For carboxylic acids, amines and guanidines, neutralization with respectively NaOH or HBr prior to decarboxylation is recommended; nitrile yields are often > 90%. Methionine has been transformed in two steps into its nitrile-sulfone derivative.
A review of the environmental pollution originating from the piggery industry and of the available mitigation technologies: towards the simultaneous biofiltration of swine slurry and methane (2014)

In Canada, the piggery industry is an essential part of the agricultural sector, but the main waste product of this industry, swine slurry, is particularly harmful to the environment. The anaerobic storage conditions and the excessive use of slurry for agricultural fertilization contribute, respectively, to the emission of greenhouse gases and to aquatic pollution. This paper provides a review of these environmental concerns and of the existing mitigation technologies. Water pollution from swine slurry is associated with the nutrients it contains, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, while the main greenhouse gases produced by the piggery industry are methane and nitrous oxide. Available technologies can valorize the slurry through agricultural fertilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, by limiting nutrient availability for example, or treat the effluents using solid – liquid separation, flaring or biological processes. Specific attention is paid to biofiltration due to its potential to simultaneously treat these two types of pollution.
Interacting with semantic musical features: Enhanced human-computer interactions based on musical &#x201C;meaning&#x201D; (2012)

Semantic musical features are proposed to reflect the understanding of the music, instead of the music itself, and serve as idea interfaces for musical “meaning” based human-computer interactions. The proposed semantic musical features are based on reductive music analysis and musical expressive features.
A Comparison of the Inhibitory Effects of Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine on Isolated Human Pregnant Myometrium Contractility (2009)

Fanning, R. A.; Campion, D. P.; Collins, C. B.; Keely, S.; Briggs, L. P.; O'Connor, J. J.; Carey, M. F. Author Information
Tactical optical systems for a network-centric environment (2006)

Several existing and potential future programs at the Defense Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are developing novel and highly sophisticated sensors. In order to make the most of these capabilities, the Department of Defense is developing means of distributing the information efficiently and sharing it with users who must make timely decisions. The goal is for the sensors to operate within network-centric architectures, which require high data bandwidths, flexibility and robustness. This paper does not deal with the communications between sensors, but rather the sensor technologies that fit within that framework. In particular, it describes imaging systems that exploit significantly different technologies such as speckle imaging, synthetic aperture ladar, and super-resolution. Techniques such as synthetic apertures are migrating between disciplines and it is important for developers in one field to be able to communicate effectively with those in other fields. The paper attempts to address issues in both the RF and optical disciplines, describing both the commonalties and differences.
Organic Electroluminescent Devices Having Self-Doped Cathode Interface Layer (2002)

We developed a bilayer organic electroluminescent (EL) device using a novel alkaline metal complex, 4-phenanthridinolato lithium (Liph), as an emitter layer. The device, indium-tin oxide (ITO)/arylamine/Liph/Al, exhibited luminance of 4,300 cd/m2 without a cathode interface layer such as LiF. It is assumed that Liph at the cathode interfaces is doped with metal Li liberated from Liph by the reaction with thermally activated Al, which results in the formation of radical anions of Liph. Thus, electron injection from the Al cathode to the organic layer occurs through the gap states formed at the cathode interface.
Correlation of Quantitative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (qHBsAg) with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA Levels as an Indicator of Viral Clearance (2018)

Introduction: HBsAg quantitation with HBV DNA testing is useful in chronic HBV management. Although a lower HBsAg level may be a predictor of HBsAg loss, how qHBsAg correlates with HBV viral load is not fully understood. We used the Quest Diagnostics qHBsAg laboratory-developed test to determine the association of qHBsAg with HBV DNA results in clinical samples. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 173 specimens (from 103 males and 70 females) submitted to Quest Diagnostics Infectious Disease, Inc. for qHBsAg and HBV DNA testing. Sera for each assay were either co-collected or drawn within 14 days of each other. qHBsAg assay: The Ortho Vitros qualitative test was modified to apply IU/mL standards to the signal to cutoff (S/CO) HBsAg ratios. A polynomial standard curve transformed the interpolated sample S/CO ratios into IU/mL values (analytic range: 0.05 - 25,000 IU/mL). HBV DNA testing: HBV DNA was measured using the Roche COBAS TaqMan HBV real-time PCR assay (analytic range 20 - 1.7 x 108 IU/mL). In some cases, the qualitative value (Detected or Not Detected) was used when IU/mL determinations were not available. Results: Of 53 samples negative for qHBsAg, 51 (96%) were negative for HBV DNA Of 71 samples positive for HBV DNA, 69 (97%) were positive for HBsAg Samples with quantitative results for both HBsAg and HBV DNA showed weakly positive correlation (log IU HBsAg vs log IU DNA, Spearman rho=0.39) The median HBsAg for samples with detectable DNA was 3.2 log IU/mL vs 2.8 log IU/mL HBsAg in sera without detectable DNA Conclusion: The qHBsAg assay is sensitive (values >0.05 IU/mL were found in 97% of HBV DNA-positive sera) with high negative predictive value (96% of sera with <0.05 IU/mL HBsAg were also negative for HBV DNA). Lower median qHBsAg levels in HBV DNA-negative sera may reflect treatment-induced suppression of viral replication. Collectively these results support the use of qHBsAg in conjunction with HBV DNA testing to monitor serum viral clearance and to assess treatment efficacy.
Triethylenetetramine modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the efficient preconcentration of Pb(ii), Cu(ii), Ni(ii) and Cd(ii) before FAAS detection (2015)

Triethylenetetramine modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (TETA-MWCNTs) were prepared and used as an efficient adsorbent for the solid phase extraction of heavy metal ions.
Real-Time Image Processing Based on Service Function Chaining Using CPU-FPGA Architecture (2019)

Advanced information-processing services based on cloud computing are in great demand. However, users want to be able to customize cloud services for their own purposes. To provide image-processing services that can be optimized for the purpose of each user, we propose a technique for chaining image-processing functions in a CPU-field programmable gate array (FPGA) coupled server architecture. One of the most important requirements for combining multiple image-processing functions on a network, is low latency in server nodes. However, large delay occurs in the conventional CPU-FPGA architecture due to the overheads of packet reordering for ensuring the correctness of image processing and data transfer between the CPU and FPGA at the application level. This paper presents a CPU-FPGA server architecture with a real-time packet reordering circuit for low-latency image processing. In order to confirm the efficiency of our idea, we evaluated the latency of histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) feature calculation as an offloaded image-processing function. The results show that the latency is about 26 times lower than that of the conventional CPU-FPGA architecture. Moreover, the throughput decreased by less than 3.7% under the worst-case condition where 90 percent of the packets are randomly swapped at a 40-Gbps input rate. Finally, we demonstrated that a real-time video monitoring service can be provided by combining image processing functions using our architecture.
Optical switch-on of silicon carbide thyristor (2002)

Optical switch-on of a silicon carbide thyristor has been demonstrated for the first time. A 2.6 kV 4H-SiC thyristor can be turned on by the light pulse of an ultraviolet laser with wavelength λ=337 nm. The threshold energy of the light pulse, required to turn the thyristor on, is Jth≃0.75 µJ. At light pulse energy of J∼15 µJ the thyristor is turned on extremely fast and uniformly over its full area.
Insects which Challenge Global Wheat Production (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Summary Hessian fly Bird cherry–oat aphid Greenbug Russian wheat aphid Future perspectives References
Rapid generation of high-level antibodies in vitro and in vivo. (2005)

Extract: During the past decade, important advances in biotechnology include the invention of an array of technologies that have resulted in the generation of monoclonal antibodies with human sequences. These technologies include humanization of mouse antibodies using molecular techniques, development of antibodies from human lymphocyte cDNA libraries by phage or ribosome displays, and the generation of fully human antibodies utilizing transgenic mice that carry the human immunoglobulin genes. These humanized or fully human antibodies are able to overcome the potential problem of eliciting immune responses by human hosts to mouse sequences present in murine antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies have emerged as important therapeutic reagents for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases; and, to date, 17 therapeutic antibodies have been approved by the U.S. FDA and several hundred are in various stages of development.
Inverse shade trees for non-parametric material representation and editing (2006)

Recent progress in the measurement of surface reflectance has created a demand for non-parametric appearance representations that are accurate, compact, and easy to use for rendering. Another crucial goal, which has so far received little attention, is editability: for practical use, we must be able to change both the directional and spatial behavior of surface reflectance (e.g., making one material shinier, another more anisotropic, and changing the spatial "texture maps" indicating where each material appears). We introduce an Inverse Shade Tree framework that provides a general approach to estimating the "leaves" of a user-specified shade tree from high-dimensional measured datasets of appearance. These leaves are sampled 1- and 2-dimensional functions that capture both the directional behavior of individual materials and their spatial mixing patterns. In order to compute these shade trees automatically, we map the problem to matrix factorization and introduce a flexible new algorithm that allows for constraints such as non-negativity, sparsity, and energy conservation. Although we cannot infer every type of shade tree, we demonstrate the ability to reduce multi-gigabyte measured datasets of the Spatially-Varying Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (SVBRDF) into a compact representation that may be edited in real time.
Design of triple band pass filter using defected stepped impedance log periodic resonator (2017)

This paper presents a novel approach for design and fabrication of a triple band-pass filter by using defected stepped impedance log periodic resonator; DSILPR. On the other hand a traditional DSIR Alter is proposed for comparison. It operates on 1.58 GHz, 2.51 GHz, 3.5 GHz which conducts GPS, WI-FI and WI-MAX applications respectively. The objective is to reduce both the copper included in the filter and the total size of the structure while preserving the same resonant frequencies giving same results. The scattering parameters are simulated and measured with good agreement between both results. The approach conducts a reduction in area by 42% and in the copper by 50% relative to traditional resonators. Total area and the copper area for traditional filter are 239 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 137.06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while for log periodic are 183.88 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 91.337 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> respectively.
DISEASES 2.0: a weekly updated database of disease–gene associations from text mining and data integration (2021)

Abstract The scientific knowledge about which genes are involved in which diseases grows rapidly, which makes it difficult to keep up with new publications and genetics datasets. The DISEASES database aims to provide a comprehensive overview by systematically integrating and assigning confidence scores to evidence for disease–gene associations from curated databases, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and automatic text mining of the biomedical literature. Here, we present a major update to this resource, which greatly increases the number of associations from all these sources. This is especially true for the text-mined associations, which have increased by at least 9-fold at all confidence cutoffs. We show that this dramatic increase is primarily due to adding full-text articles to the text corpus, secondarily due to improvements to both the disease and gene dictionaries used for named entity recognition, and only to a very small extent due to the growth in number of PubMed abstracts. DISEASES now also makes use of a new GWAS database, TIGA, which considerably increased the number of GWAS-derived disease–gene associations. DISEASES itself is also integrated into several other databases and resources, including GeneCards/MalaCards, Pharos/TCRD, and the Cytoscape stringApp. All data in DISEASES is updated on a weekly basis and is available via a web interface at https://diseases.jensenlab.org , from where it can also be downloaded under open licenses.
Noise mitigation in high-speed systems using electromagnetic high-impedance surfaces (2004)

In this work, we discuss the novel concept of using high impedance surfaces (HIS), or electromagnetic band gap structures to address critical electromagnetic noise problems in high-speed circuit, packages, boards, and cavities. We show that the HIS offer significant advantages in a class applications that far exceeds the narrow range of antenna applications. We introduce the concept of cascading HIS of different topologies to provide ultra-wide band suppression for switching noise that is considered a fundamental bottleneck in high-speed printed circuit board design. The S/sub 21/ parameter for a printed circuit board with three different HIS topologies are shown. The use of HIS in mitigation of EMI from circuit boards and in reducing cavity radiation is also demonstrated.
Previously uncharacterized rectangular bacterial structures in the dolphin mouth (2023)

Much remains to be explored regarding the diversity of uncultured, host-associated microbes. Here, we describe rectangular bacterial structures (RBSs) in the mouths of bottlenose dolphins. DNA staining revealed multiple paired bands within RBSs, suggesting the presence of cells dividing along the longitudinal axis. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and tomography showed parallel membrane-bound segments that are likely cells, encapsulated by an S-layer-like periodic surface covering. RBSs displayed unusual pilus-like appendages with bundles of threads splayed at the tips. We present multiple lines of evidence, including genomic DNA sequencing of micromanipulated RBSs, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, suggesting that RBSs are bacterial and distinct from the genera Simonsiella and Conchiformibius (family Neisseriaceae), with which they share similar morphology and division patterning. Our findings highlight the diversity of novel microbial forms and lifestyles that await characterization using tools complementary to genomics such as microscopy.
Waveguide Modal Analysis Using an FFT Spectrogram Technique: Application to Mode Filters (2016)

We describe an FFT-based spectrogram technique to evaluate the effectiveness of tapered waveguide mode filters by analyzing the measured spectral transmission. Low-loss silicon waveguide hourglass tapers are shown to eliminate all but the fundamental mode.