gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 3,3-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one and Determination of Its Reactivity Ratios with 1-Vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (2005)

Novel 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (VP) derivatives, namely 3,3-di(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (DEVP) and 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (EVP), were obtained through a two-step synthetic pathway involving the abstraction of a hydrogen atom α to the lactam CO, followed by condensation with ethyl chloroformate. By properly selecting the reaction conditions, DEVP could be obtained in high yields, through a straightforward purification procedure. Both DEVP and EVP were converted to sodium 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one-3-carboxylate (VP-COONa) by saponification of the ester group, followed by decarboxylation reaction in the case of DEVP. All monomers were homo- and copolymerized with VP by radical polymerization, the structure of the polymer obtained was determined by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and molecular weights were analyzed by means of size exclusion chromatography. The resultant DEVP- and EVP-based polymers also underwent hydrolysis with alkali solutions, followed by decarboxylation reaction in the case of DEVP units, which led in all cases to one carboxylate function linked to the lactam ring. The reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of DEVP with VP were determined in methanol solution according to the Kelen−Tüdös procedure, through polymerization experiments performed at different feed, in which compositional drifts were followed by monitoring monomer conversions by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. The values of the reactivity ratios obtained were rDEVP = 0.63 and rVP = 0.33. The validity of these parameters was checked by means of the classical Skeist equation.
High-power MEMS varactors and impedance tuners for millimeter-wave applications (2005)

A high-power contactless RF microelectromechanical system (MEMS) varactor and an impedance tuner that utilizes this varactor and is simultaneously optimized for maximum impedance coverage and power handling are presented in this paper. The proposed varactor can successfully handle 4 W of RF power (hot tuning) for more than 10/sup 8/ cycles when tested with no hermetic packaging or nitrogen protection. This is the highest power handling under hot tuning conditions reported to date. In addition to this MEMS device, a 30-GHz four-varactor impedance tuner optimized for high-power operation is demonstrated. The power handling capability of this tuner is 4.5 times higher than conventional designs. These results experimentally demonstrate for the first time the significant advantages of contactless MEMS devices over contact-based structures (e.g., switches) for high-power applications.
Modal analysis and dynamic responses of board level drop test (2004)

Board level solder joint reliability during drop test is a great concern to semiconductor and electronic product manufacturers. In this paper, comprehensive dynamic responses of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and solder joints, e.g., acceleration, strains, and resistance, are measured and analyzed in detail with a multi-channel real-time electrical monitoring system. Control and monitoring of dynamic responses are very important to ensure consistent test results and understand the mechanical behaviors, as they are closely related to solder joint failure mechanisms. The effects of test variables, such as drop height, number of PCB mounting screws, tightness of screws, and number of felt layers, are studied by comparing and analyzing the dynamic responses.
High-performance adaptive optics system with long-term stability using liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator for high-resolution retinal imaging (2011)

An adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator was developed. For routine clinical applications, long-term stability of the AO system is very important because unavoidable eye movement may degrade the instrument's performance. We studied the long-term performance of the aberration correction with healthy human eyes. Retinal image acquisition and AO data collection were performed simultaneously for periods of several minutes. We confirmed that, for more than 90% of the periods, the root-mean-square errors of residual wavefront were below the Marechal criterion. Drifts and microsaccades of fixational eye movement were examined using retinal images and residual aberrations. The results showed significant correlation between the transverse shift of retinal image and the low-order residual wavefront aberration during the drifts.
On the Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Dextran Nanogels with Tunable Degradation Properties (2005)

Hydrogels are widely investigated as carriers in drug delivery. To be suitable carriers for intracellular drug delivery, hydrogels should be small enough to be able to enter cells. This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of both lipid coated and naked biodegradable hydroxyethyl methacrylated dextran (dex-HEMA) nanogels. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy showed that lipid coated nanogels could be obtained by polymerization of an aqueous dex-HEMA solution entrapped in SOPC/DOTAP liposomes (SOPC and DOTAP, respectively, being 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dioleolyl-3-trimethylamonium propane chloride). Naked dex-HEMA nanogels were prepared by removing the lipid coating by Triton X100. DLS measurements on dex-HEMA nanogels stored in buffer at 37 °C revealed that the degradation time depended on the cross-link density of the nanogels: dex-HEMA nanogel prepared from dextran lowly substituted with HEMA degraded quickly, while it took days to weeks for nanogels prepared from highly substituted dextran. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that SOPC/DOTAP coated dex-HEMA nanogels can be taken up by VERO-1 cells.
Enhancing MPEG dash performance via server and network assistance (2015)

MPEG DASH provides formats that are suitable to stream media content over HTTP. Typically, the DASH client adaptively requests small chunks of media based on the available bandwidth and other resources. This client-pull technology has proven to be more flexible, firewall-friendly and CDN-scalable than server-push technologies. However, service providers have less control given the decentralized and client-driven nature of DASH, which introduces new challenges for them to offer a consistent and possibly higher quality of service for premium users. This issue is addressed by MPEG in a new work referred to as SAND: Server and Network-assisted DASH. The key features of SAND are asynchronous network-to-client and network-to-network communication, and the exchange of quality-related assisting information in such a way that it does not delay or interfere with the delivery of the streaming media content. MPEG is expected to publish and complete the work on SAND as a new part of the MPEG DASH standard by early 2016.
Elimination of the fibre chromatic dispersion penaltyon 1550 nm millimetre-wave optical transmission (1997)

Dispersion causes a power penalty at certain fibre distances and frequencies in conventional millimetre-wave intensity modulation. Single sideband optical modulation at millimetre-wave frequencies using a fibre Bragg grating eliminates the dispersion-induced penalty over modulation frequency and fibre length.
Effect of potassium salts in rats adapted to an acidogenic high-sulfur amino acid diet (2005)

Low-grade metabolic acidosis, consecutive to excessive catabolism of sulfur amino acids and a high dietary Na:K ratio, is a common feature of Western food habits. This metabolic alteration may exert various adverse physiological effects, especially on bone, muscle and kidneys. To assess the actual effects of various K salts, a model of the Westernised diet has been developed in rats: slight protein excess (20 % casein); cations provided as non-alkalinising salts; high Na:K ratio. This diet resulted in acidic urine (pH 5.5) together with a high rate of divalent cation excretion in urine, especially Mg. Compared with controls, K supplementation as KCl accentuated Ca excretion, whereas potassium bicarbonate or malate reduced Mg and Ca excretion and alkalinised urine pH (up to 8). In parallel, citraturia was strongly increased, together with 2-ketoglutarate excretion, by potassium bicarbonate or malate in the diet. Basal sulfate excretion, in the range of 1 mmol/d, was slightly enhanced in rats fed the potassium malate diet. The present model of low-grade metabolic acidosis indicates that potassium malate may be as effective as KHCO3 to counteract urine acidification, to limit divalent cation excretion and to ensure high citrate concentration in urine.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis secondary to glenoid dysplasia. (2019)

The purpose is to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes, complications and reoperations of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for glenoid dysplasia. All patients who had undergone RSA for osteoarthritis secondary to underlying glenoid dysplasia were retrospectively identified. The study included twelve shoulders (11 patients), with a mean (SD) patient age of 62.2 (13.2) years and median (range) clinical follow-up of 28 (24-34) months. RSA resulted in substantial improvements in pain and function. At most recent follow-up, there was a significant improvement in forward flexion range of motion (ROM), a non-significant improvement in internal rotation ROM, and no changes in external rotation ROM. The mean (SD) SST and ASES scores were 7.8 (3.7) and 73.5 (20.4), respectively. There were no reoperations or radiographic loosening. The results were excellent in 1 case, satisfactory in 8, and unsatisfactory in 3. RSA provides acceptable function and good pain relief, though patients should be advised that shoulder rotation may be somewhat limited.
Reversibility of cysteine protease inhibition in the context of drug design (2020)

Some notes on the relevance to drug design of the reversibility of cysteine protease inhibition.
A Multi-dimensional Model for the Representation of Learning through Service Activities in Engineering (2020)

Abstract A Model for Learning through Service in EngineeringThe Engineering Faculty Engagement in Learning through Service (EFELTS) project wasestablished with a key objective to identify the impact learning through service (LTS) has onfaculty and determines how to encourage faculty to adopt this instructional method. During arecent gathering of engineering instructors involved in LTS programs a group was tasked withdeveloping a model for characterizing LTS programs in engineering. Our group formulated amodel which characterizes 12 dimensions of LTS programs. This model provides a basis forcomparing and contrasting programs. In addition, it can be used as a check list for developingnew LTS programs, evolving existing LTS programs, or assessing the quality of an LTSprogram.The dimensions are formulated to capture the qualities of LTS programs that occur across a widebreadth of engineering institutions. As such the dimensions need to encompass the broad varietyof program designs that are currently occurring as well as take into account future developmentsin this pedagogy. The dimensions fall into 4 key categories: Academic, Program Design,Technical Social Balance, and Management. These dimensions are described in detail and theends of the spectrum in each dimension are defined and illustrated.The paper discusses application of the model in depth and characterizes some example programsfrom our institutions. The results are used as a basis for comparing and contrasting the programdesigns.LTS programs are becoming more common in engineering schools. They offer an opportunityfor our students to not only strengthen their engineering abilities but also achieve learningoutcomes that go beyond what can be learned in a traditional engineering course. There aremany different, successful examples of LTS. Defining examples using the proposed model mayhelp faculty new to this pedagogy design a program that would be viable at their institution. Inaddition, this model can be used to characterize and assess existing programs. The goal is tocreate a model that advances this valuable pedagogical method.
A New Type of Flexor Tendon Repair (1995)

Experiments were performed to evaluate biomechanical aspects of the performance of a "deep-biting peripheral suture" for flexor tendon repair, either when used alone or with a square or modified Kessler core stitch, and the technique was compared to the Kleinert repair. Tests included progressively increasing cyclic loads, force to pull the repair into the A2 pulley, and ultimate failure strength. 50% of the Kleinert repairs failed under 30 N cyclic loading, while 100% of the DBPS plus Kessler core stitch repairs survived. There was no discernable difference in gliding function or repair bulk between these sutures, but ultimate strength increased significantly with the DBPS repairs. We concluded that the DBPS plus Kessler-type core stitch will survive active mobilization better than the Kleinert method.
Evaluation of “Shotgun” Proteomics for Identification of Biological Threat Agents in Complex Environmental Matrixes:  Experimental Simulations (2005)

There is currently a great need for rapid detection and positive identification of biological threat agents, as well as microbial species in general, directly from complex environmental samples. This need is most urgent in the area of homeland security, but also extends into medical, environmental, and agricultural sciences. Mass-spectrometry-based analysis is one of the leading technologies in the field with a diversity of different methodologies for biothreat detection. Over the past few years, "shotgun"proteomics has become one method of choice for the rapid analysis of complex protein mixtures by mass spectrometry. Recently, it was demonstrated that this methodology is capable of distinguishing a target species against a large database of background species from a single-component sample or dual-component mixtures with relatively the same concentration. Here, we examine the potential of shotgun proteomics to analyze a target species in a background of four contaminant species. We tested the capability of a common commercial mass-spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics platform for the detection of the target species (Escherichia coli) at four different concentrations and four different time points of analysis. We also tested the effect of database size on positive identification of the four microbes used in this study by testing a small (13-species) database and a large (261-species) database. The results clearly indicated that this technology could easily identify the target species at 20% in the background mixture at a 60, 120, 180, or 240 min analysis time with the small database. The results also indicated that the target species could easily be identified at 20% or 6% but could not be identified at 0.6% or 0.06% in either a 240 min analysis or a 30 h analysis with the small database. The effects of the large database were severe on the target species where detection above the background at any concentration used in this study was impossible, though the three other microbes used in this study were clearly identified above the background when analyzed with the large database. This study points to the potential application of this technology for biological threat agent detection but highlights many areas of needed research before the technology will be useful in real world samples.
SPACE FENCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1 (2015)

1. ABSTRACT Space is no longer a vast, empty void. Unprecedented quantities of new satellites, derelict satellites, and debris litter the skies, posing an imminent threat to America’s space assets. The Space Fence System is a ground-based system of S-band radars designed to greatly enhance the Air Force Space Surveillance Network. Space Fence provides unprecedented sensitivity, coverage and tracking accuracy, and contributes to key mission threads with the ability to detect, track and catalog small objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Space Fence capabilities will revolutionize space situational awareness. Space Fence includes up to two minimally-manned radar sites and the Space Fence Operations Center. Each radar site features a design with closely-spaced, but separate, Transmit and Receive Arrays that are mission-optimized for high availability and low lifetime support costs, including prime power. The radar architecture is based on Digital Beam-forming. This capability permits tremendous user-defined flexibility to customize volume surveillance and track sectors instantaneously without impacting routine surveillance functions. Space Fence offers assured surveillance coverage for improved custody and features the capability to develop long arc tracks for accurate orbit determination, while simultaneously maintaining a persistent surveillance volume. Space Fence allows operators to reconstruct recent events—such as collisions or satellite break-ups—and accurately predict future events. For high-interest objects, a “micro fence” can be electronically constructed to gather more track data, focusing radar resources specifically on that object, providing more timely and accurate information. The Space Fence System is net-centric and will seamlessly integrate into the existing Space Surveillance Network, providing services to external users—such as the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC)—and coordinating handoffs to other SSN sites. Space Fence is a robust, flexible, advanced end-to-end system that will meet the warfighter’s operational needs and revolutionize Space Situational Awareness.
Visualization of cell bodies and neurites in a tB-BABB cleared mouse brain. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Brain sample same as &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124650#pone.0124650.g004" target="_blank"&gt;Fig 4&lt;/a&gt;; original dataset (LSFM recording, horizontal): same as &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124650#pone.0124650.g004" target="_blank"&gt;Fig 4&lt;/a&gt;, except for (A). (&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;) Confocal recording (single plane) from EC layer 3 near the injection site taken after 271 days in clearing solution. Overlay of red channel (rAAV-driven &lt;i&gt;mRFP1&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence, arrows) and green channel (RABV&lt;i&gt;ΔG-EGFP&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence). Double-infected cells expressing rAAV-driven &lt;i&gt;mRFP1&lt;/i&gt; plus RABV&lt;i&gt;ΔG-EGFP&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence are indicated by orange to green color (arrowheads). Recording direction: from brain surface (positioned perpendicular to optical axis) to interior. Scale bar, 100 μm. (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;) LSFM 50 μm z range maximum projection from a subvolume of the PiC area (RABV&lt;i&gt;ΔG-EGFP&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence). Arrowheads indicate some Layer 2 neurons, arrows some interneurons. Scale bar, 100 μm. (&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;) LSFM 50 μm z range maximum z projection from a subvolume of the auditory cortex region (RABV&lt;i&gt;ΔG-EGFP&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence) showing a cortical layer 5 cell with a big apical dendrite (arrowheads), basal dendrites at the soma, and a basal axon (long arrows). Scale bar, 100 μm. (&lt;b&gt;D)&lt;/b&gt; LSFM 90 μm z range maximum projection from a subvolume of the septal area (RABV&lt;i&gt;ΔG-EGFP&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence) 2.3 mm below brain surface revealing neurite structures (arrowheads). Scale bar, 100 μm. (&lt;b&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;) LSFM 20 μm z range maximum projection (RABV&lt;i&gt;ΔG-EGFP&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence) from a subvolume of the PiC/EC/HC region, showing neurons from cortical EC and the PiC regions and glia from the HC region projecting to the injected EC neurons. Scale bar, 500 μm. (&lt;b&gt;F&lt;/b&gt;) Hippocampal DG area enlarged from (E), showing glia cells in the outer granule cell layer (o-gcl) and stratum lacunosum moleculare (LMol), and neurons in the DG hilus region (arrowheads). PiC, Piriform cortex; EC, Entorhinal cortex. Scale bar, 100 μm.&lt;/p&gt;
Normal Sweat Chloride Values Do Not Exclude the Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis (1995)

Since its introduction in 1959, the sweat test has remained the "gold standard" diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis (CF). It is apparent that CF encompasses a wide spectrum of disease, from meconium ileus and severe respiratory compromise in infants to the presentation of mild pulmonary symptoms and no evidence of gastrointestinal disease in adults. In patients with lung disease that might otherwise be consistent with CF, normal sweat chloride (Cl-) values have tended to exclude the diagnosis. In this report we describe two patients from two families with the compound heterozygotic CF mutations delta F508/3849 + 10 kb C-->T. These patients had mild manifestations of disease, including clinical pancreatic sufficiency (normal growth without pancreatic enzyme supplementation) and absence of azoospermia. Sweat Cl- values were in the normal range. However, both patients developed bronchiectasis, progressive obstructive lung disease, and colonization with Pseudomonas. The diagnosis of CF was made using nasal transepithelial voltage measurements and genotyping. These cases emphasize the need to maintain a high index of suspicion of CF in atypical cases, and to pursue alternative diagnostic tests to confirm a diagnosis of CF suspected on clinical grounds, despite normal sweat test results.
Testing of Variants of the MTHFR and ESR1 Genes in 1798 Finnish Individuals Fails to Confirm the Association with Migraine with Aura (2006)

Among the few independently replicated genetic associations in migraine are polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and oestrogen receptor (ESR1) genes. We studied the contribution of these genes to migraine susceptibility by genotyping six MTHFR and 26 ESR1 polymorphisms in 898 unrelated migraine with aura (MA) patients and in 900 unrelated healthy controls. There were no differences in the genotype distributions of the previously migraine-associated SNPs C677T (MTHFR) and G2014A (ESR1) between cases and controls (P-values 0.83 and 0.55, respectively). Thus, we were not able to replicate the previous findings, although our study had considerable power. However, five of the ESR1 SNPs (rs6557170, rs2347867, rs6557171, rs4870062 and rs1801132) that were in strong linkage disequilibrium were nominally associated with MA (uncorrected P-values 0.007-0.034). These results did not, however, remain significant after taking multiple testing into account. Thus it seems unlikely that the studied genes are involved in migraine susceptibility, at least in this sample.
Studies of plasmonic hot-spot translation by a metal-dielectric layered superlens (2011)

We have studied the ability of a lamellar near-field superlens to transfer an enhanced electromagnetic field to the far side of the lens. In this work, we have experimentally and numerically investigated superlensing in the visible range. By using the resonant hot-spot field enhancements from optical nanoantennas as sources, we investigated the translation of these sources to the far side of a layered silver-silica superlens operating in the canalization regime. Using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), we have observed evidence of superlens-enabled enhanced-field translation at a wavelength of about 680 nm. Specifically, we discuss our recent experimental and simulation results on the translation of hot spots using a silver-silica layered superlens design. We compare the experimental results with our numerical simulations and discuss the perspectives and limitations of our approach.