gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tire vibration analysis for radial direction on contact and rolling condition (2014)

Recent years, we receive the full benefit of vehicle by the rapid progress of motorization with the development of economy. By contrast, environmental problem occurs from vehicle noise. The noise in Engine and Intake-Exhaust system which is typical source of noise until now has been improved because noise regulation advanced. This situation makes the tire contribution rate to vehicle interior noise increasing relatively. And the reduction of tire noise is the serious problem that we have to work on. It is important to reconstruct the input into the body from road to spindle and suspension for accurate prediction. One of the problems is how to express the tire vibration characteristics in operational condition, which are complex. It is difficult to construct a tire model that expresses the vibration characteristics on the contact and rolling condition because of the rolling effect, contact patch restriction, the property of rubber. In this study, we set a goal of performing vibration analysis on the contact and rolling condition and clear up the vibration characteristic analytically. First, Introducing tire vibration model based on the cylindrical shell theory and applying the receptance method for tire model. Additionally, we derived the mode shape function and the frequency equation on the contact and rolling condition. Secondly, we calculated natural frequency and mode shape on the contact and rolling condition. After that, we clarified the tire vibration characteristics analytically in the difference condition such as rolling speed. From this study, it was found that natural frequency on the contact and rolling condition depends on adapting mode numbers. Additionally, mode shape on the contact is determined by the components of forward wave and backward wave of the non-contact and rolling condition.
Use of delegated tuning and forwarding in wavelength division multiple access networks (1995)

Proposes delegated tuning and forwarding (DTF), a new architecture for dynamically assigning wavelength channels in a "broadcast star" optical network. DTF exploits tunable components without making excessive demands on tuner agility by combining the tuning on demand of receivers with the forwarding of packets over a logical topology. The authors describe the control algorithms of DTF and prove some results establishing their stability and robustness. They show by simulation that DTF achieves lower hop-counts in conditions of light-to-moderate load than do DeBruijn graph networks. When a DTF network is saturated, the average number of hops in each path is only about 10% higher than the average for a DeBruijn graph network, suggesting that, even under high loads, the evolution of network topology under DTF is close to optimal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Applying Machine Learning to Speech Processing in Hearing Aids (2005)

The neurophysiological basis of sensorineural hearing loss is thought to be hair cell damage or stria vascularis atrophy in the cochlea. The normal cochlea is responsible for a very complex, dynamic, nonlinear analysis and coding of acoustic signals, which is distorted by cochlear impairment. To overcome hearing loss, a typical hearing aid provides linear gain or some simple form of dynamic compression. However, such simple processing cannot fully compensate for the effects of cochlear impairment. In this thesis, machine learning is used to investigate more optimal speech processing schemes for hearing aids. A model of the auditory periphery is utilized to develop a set of neural predictors of human speech intelligibility. These are shown to have similar accuracy to acoustic predictors of intelligibility such as the articulation index. The neural predictors are then used as error metrics in a machine learning framework to train simple linear and compressive hearing aid algorithms. The results are consistent with empirically derived prescriptions for hearing linear gain and compression. It thus appears that to develop speech processing algorithms that provide greater benefits than those currently available in hearing aids, it is necessary understand more fully the distortions that are occurring in the cochlea due to hearing loss and to develop processing algorithms that specifically target compensation of these distortions. An analysis of the differences in compression, suppression and adaptation in the normal and impaired cochlea is performed using the model of the auditory periphery, and specific distortions are quantified. From this analysis, several speech processing algorithms are proposed that may more fully compensate for the effects of cochlear impairment on the neural representation of speech.
Need for Laboratory Ecosystems To Unravel the Structures and Functions of Soil Microbial Communities Mediated by Chemistry (2018)

The chemistry underpinning microbial interactions provides an integrative framework for linking the activities of individual microbes, microbial communities, plants, and their environments. Currently, we know very little about the functions of genes and metabolites within these communities because genome annotations and functions are derived from the minority of microbes that have been propagated in the laboratory. Yet the diversity, complexity, inaccessibility, and irreproducibility of native microbial consortia limit our ability to interpret chemical signaling and map metabolic networks. In this perspective, we contend that standardized laboratory ecosystems are needed to dissect the chemistry of soil microbiomes. We argue that dissemination and application of standardized laboratory ecosystems will be transformative for the field, much like how model organisms have played critical roles in advancing biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology. Community consensus on fabricated ecosystems ("EcoFABs") along with protocols and data standards will integrate efforts and enable rapid improvements in our understanding of the biochemical ecology of microbial communities.
A computer-assisted protocol for endovascular target interventions using a clinical MRI system for controlling untethered microdevices and future nanorobots (2008)

The possibility of automatically navigating untethered microdevices or future nanorobots to conduct target endovascular interventions has been demonstrated by our group with the computer-controlled displacement of a magnetic sphere along a pre-planned path inside the carotid artery of a living swine. However, although the feasibility of propelling, tracking and performing real-time closed-loop control of an untethered ferromagnetic object inside a living animal model with a relatively close similarity to human anatomical conditions has been validated using a standard clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system, little information has been published so far concerning the medical and technical protocol used. In fact, such a protocol developed within technological and physiological constraints was a key element in the success of the experiment. More precisely, special software modules were developed within the MRI software environment to offer an effective tool for experimenters interested in conducting such novel interventions. These additional software modules were also designed to assist an interventional radiologist in all critical real-time aspects that are executed at a speed beyond human capability, and include tracking, propulsion, event timing and closed-loop position control. These real-time tasks were necessary to avoid a loss of navigation control that could result in serious injury to the patient. Here, additional simulation and experimental results for microdevices designed to be targeted more towards the microvasculature have also been considered in the identification, validation and description of a specific sequence of events defining a new computer-assisted interventional protocol that provides the framework for future target interventions conducted in humans.
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Functionalized Carbon Nanodots from Cashew Nut Skin Waste for Bioimaging (2023)

In this study, Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) nut skin waste (cashew nut skin waste) was used as a raw material to synthesize functionalized carbon nanodots (F-CNDs). A. occidentale biomass-derived F-CNDs were synthesized at a low temperature (200 °C) using a facile, economical hydrothermal method and subjected to XRD, FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, Raman Spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, and Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to determine their structures, chemical compositions, and optical properties. The analysis revealed that dispersed, hydrophilic F-CNDs had a mean diameter of 2.5 nm. XPS and ATR-FTIR showed F-CNDs had a crystalline core and an amorphous surface decorated with –NH2, –COOH, and C=O. In addition, F-CNDs had a quantum yield of 15.5% and exhibited fluorescence with maximum emission at 406 nm when excited at 340 nm. Human colon cancer (HCT-116) cell assays showed that F-CNDs readily penetrated into the cells, had outstanding biocompatibility, high photostability, and minimal toxicity. An MTT assay showed that the viability of HCT-116 cells incubated for 24 h in the presence of F-CNDs (200 μg mL–1) exceeded 95%. Furthermore, when stimulated by filters of three different wavelengths (405, 488, and 555 nm) under a laser scanning confocal microscope, HCT-116 cells containing F-CNDs emitted blue, red, and green, respectively, which suggests F-CNDs might be useful in the biomedical field. Thus, we describe the production of a fluorescent nanoprobe from cashew nut waste potentially suitable for bioimaging applications.
Nicorandil is a potent dilator of endothelin-induced vascular contraction. (1990)

Nicorandil, an antianginal drug, is known to open K+ channel and to increase cGMP production. The effects of nicorandil on vascular contraction induced by endothelin (ET), a potent newly discovered vasoconstrictor peptide, were investigated using helical strips from rat thoracic aorta. ET at a concentration of 5 x 10(-9) M induced strong and persistent contraction in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and similar persistent but smaller contraction in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Nicorandil at concentrations greater than 10(-7) M, strongly and dose-dependently inhibited ET-induced contraction in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Nicorandil also suppressed ET-induced contraction in the presence of 10(-4) M methylene blue, an inhibitor of cGMP production, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ but not in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. ET-induced contraction was also inhibited to lesser extents by the Ca2+ channel blockers nicardipine and verapamil. Nicorandil also strongly suppressed ET-induced increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that nicorandil is a potent dilator of ET-induced vasoconstriction.
Mutual induced coordination in halogen-bonded anionic assemblies with (6,3) cation-templated topologies (2008)

We describe the use of halogen bonding for the deliberate construction of cation-templated anionic (6,3) networks thanks to a strategy based on the mutual induced fitting of the valences of the building blocks.
N‐Substituted Glutamyl Sulfonamides as Inhibitors of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (GCP2) (2011)

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP2) is a membrane-bound cell-surface peptidase which is implicated in several neurological disorders and is also over-expressed in prostate tumor cells. There is a significant interest in the inhibition of GCP2 as a means of neuroprotection, while GCP2 inhibition as a method to treat prostate cancer remains a topic of further investigation. The key zinc-binding functional group of the well-characterized classes of GCP2 inhibitors (phosphonates and phosphoramidates) is tetrahedral and negatively charged at neutral pH, while glutamyl urea class of inhibitors possesses a planar and neutral zinc-binding group. This study introduces a new class of GCP2 inhibitors, N-substituted glutamyl sulfonamides, which possess a neutral tetrahedral zinc-binding motif. A library containing 15 secondary sulfonamides and 4 tertiary (N-methyl) sulfonamides was prepared and evaluated for inhibitory potency against purified GCP2 enzyme activity. While most inhibitors lacked potency at 100 μm, short alkyl sulfonamides exhibited promising low micromolar potency, with the optimal inhibitor in this series being glutamyl N-(propylsulfonamide) (2g). Lastly, molecular docking was used to develop a model to formulate an explanation for the relative inhibitory potencies employed for this class of inhibitors.
T-cell receptor sequencing of early stage breast cancer tumors identifies altered clonal structure of the T-cell repertoire (2017)

Tumor infiltrating T-cells play an important role in many cancers, and can improve prognosis and yield therapeutic targets. We characterized T-cells infiltrating both breast cancer tumors and the surrounding normal breast tissue to identify T-cells specific to each, as well as their abundance in peripheral blood. Using immune profiling of the T-cell beta chain repertoire in 16 patients with early stage breast cancer, we show that the clonal structure of the tumor is significantly different from adjacent breast tissue, with the tumor containing approximately 3-fold more T-cells, but with a lower fraction of unique sequences and higher clonality compared to normal breast. The clonal structure of T-cells in blood and normal breast is more similar than between blood and tumor and can be used to distinguish tumor from normal breast tissue in 14 of 16 patients. Many T-cells overlap between tissues from the same patient, including approximately 50% of T-cells between tumor and normal breast. Both solid tissues contain high-abundance "enriched" sequences that are absent or of low abundance in the other tissue. Many of these T-cells are either not detected or detected with very low frequency in the blood, suggesting the existence of separate compartments of T-cells in both tumor and normal breast. Enriched T-cell sequences are typically unique to each patient, but there is a subset of sequences that are shared between many different patients. We show that most of these are commonly generated sequences and thus unlikely to play an important role in the tumor microenvironment.
Laser processed preforms for microstructured optical fibers (2013)

We present a laser drilling technology eminently suitable for structuring of solid glass preforms for microstructured optical fibers (MOF). This technology allows fiber designs that can not be easily adressed by stack and draw technology. As an example, we present a four ring hexagonal hole structure drilled in a silica rod over a length of 80 mm at ILT. The fiber drawn from this preform was used for absorption measurements and fiber Bragg grating inscription experiments at IPHT. Geometrical aspects are compared to those of a MOF with a similar structure made by the stack and draw technology.
Supplementary Figure 1 from p38γ Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Metastasis through Regulation of RhoC GTPase, Cytoskeletal Architecture, and a Novel Leading Edge Behavior (2023)

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Advances and Challenges in Computational Target Prediction (2019)

Target deconvolution is a vital initial step in preclinical drug development to determine research focus and strategy. In this respect, computational target prediction is used to identify the most probable targets of an orphan ligand or the most similar targets to a protein under investigation. Applications range from the fundamental analysis of the mode-of-action over polypharmacology or adverse effect predictions to drug repositioning. Here, we provide a review on published ligand- and target-based as well as hybrid approaches for computational target prediction, together with current limitations and future directions.
99.3% Efficient three-phase buck-type all-SiC SWISS Rectifier for DC distribution systems (2017)

DC power distribution systems for data centers, industrial applications and residential areas are expected to provide higher efficiency, reliability and lower cost compared to ac systems. Accordingly they have been an important research topic in recent years. In these applications an efficient power factor correction rectifier, supplying a dc distribution bus from the conventional three-phase ac mains is typically required. This paper analyzes the three-phase buck-type unity power factor SWISS Rectifier showing that its input current THD can be improved significantly by interleaving. The dc output filter is implemented using a current compensated Integrated Common Mode Coupled Inductor which ensures equal current sharing between interleaved half bridges and provides common mode inductance. Based on the analysis an high efficient 8 kW, 4 kW dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> (64 Win <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) lab-scale prototype converter is designed using SiC MOSFETS. Measurements taken on a hardware prototype confirm a full power efficiency of 99.16 % and a peak efficiency of 99.26 %.
Competition between crystallization and dewetting fronts in thin polymer films (2008)

We investigate the competition between dewetting and crystallization fronts in thin polymer films where the velocities of these fronts are modulated by varying the temperature from a low temperature regime, where crystallization dominates, to a high temperature regime, where dewetting is more rapid and dominates the film structure. Specifically, thin films of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) on n-octyldimethylchlorosilane (ODS)-treated substrates are investigated as a model system exhibiting this general phenomenon. Structure formation at low temperatures is dominated by polycrystalline spherulitic structures that nucleate at random positions within the plane of the film, but at intermediate temperatures, where the crystallization and dewetting are strongly coupled, dewetting occurs preferentially at the grain boundaries between the spherulites. We term this phenomenon crystallization-induced dewetting (CID) and provide evidence that it arises from the high stresses at the spherulite grain boundaries that accompany local volume changes of the polymer material upon crystallization. CID is prevalent in a temperature range in which the angles between the grains are larger than a critical angle and this effect allows for considerable control over the resulting film morphology.
Deep learning-guided weighted averaging for signal dropout compensation in diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver (2022)

Purpose: To develop an algorithm for the retrospective correction of signal dropout artifacts in abdominal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) resulting from cardiac motion. Methods: Given a set of image repetitions for a slice, a locally adaptive weighted averaging is proposed which aims to suppress the contribution of image regions affected by signal dropouts. Corresponding weight maps were estimated by a sliding-window algorithm which analyzed signal deviations from a patch-wise reference. In order to ensure the computation of a robust reference, repetitions were filtered by a classifier that was trained to detect images corrupted by signal dropouts. The proposed method, termed Deep Learning-guided Adaptive Weighted Averaging (DLAWA), was evaluated in terms of dropout suppression capability, bias reduction in the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and noise characteristics. Results: In the case of uniform averaging, motion-related dropouts caused signal attenuation and ADC overestimation in parts of the liver with the left lobe being affected particularly. Both effects could be substantially mitigated by DLAWA while preventing global penalties with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to local signal suppression. Performing evaluations on patient data, the capability to recover lesions concealed by signal dropouts was demonstrated as well. Further, DLAWA allowed for transparent control of the trade-off between SNR and signal dropout suppression by means of a few hyperparameters. Conclusion: This work presents an effective and flexible method for the local compensation of signal dropouts resulting from motion and pulsation. Since DLAWA follows a retrospective approach, no changes to the acquisition are required.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties of BaO‐R2O3‐Ga2O3‐GeO2 (R: Y, Al, La, and Gd) Glasses. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A phase I/II dose-escalation study of fractionated 225Ac-J591 for progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in patients with prior treatment with 177Lu-PSMA. (2023)

TPS288 Background: As prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted radiotherapy (PSMA-TRT) is now an active standard-of-care treatment in mCRPC, ongoing studies with alternative approaches to targeting PSMA will increasingly need to consider the consequences of sequential PSMA-TRT exposure. Our past and ongoing investigations into antibody-based targeting (e.g., J591) and potent alpha emitting payloads (e.g., 225Ac) impact drug kinetics, biodistribution, and resultant clinical toxicities. In a first-in-human phase I dose-escalation study of 225Ac-J591, patients with mCRPC were treated with a single dose of 225Ac-J591 on seven dose levels, up to 93.3 KBq/kg without achievement of maximal tolerated dose (MTD). One patient treated at 80 KBq/kg developed dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of Gr 4 anemia and thrombocytopenia, but 0 of 6 at 93.3 KBq/Kg had Gr &gt; 3 heme toxicity or Gr &gt; 2 non-heme toxicity. Although not intentionally preselected for prior exposure, 55% (12/22) of patients had 177Lu-PSMA previously. With approval of 177Lu vipivotide tetraxetan, we amended an ongoing phase I dose-escalation study to include a post-177-Lu-PSMA cohort. Methods: Entry criteria include progressive mCRPC by PCWG3 criteria, ECOG PS 0-2, intact organ function, and prior receipt of AR pathway inhibitor and chemotherapy (or refused/ineligible). There is no limit to prior lines of therapy except alpha-emitting therapies (i.e., PSMA-TRT, 223Ra) and in this amended dose-escalation cohort, all patients must have had prior treatment with 177Lu-PSMA. Treatment will be given in a single fractionated cycle of 225Ac-J591 administered on D1 and D15. The phase I component is a 3+3 dose-escalation study design with up to 18 patients, with the goal of identifying MTD. The phase II component will include up to 16-19 patients in a Simon 2-stage design with 90% power to exclude the null hypothesis (35% or fewer patients with PSA50). Eligible men with negative PSMA PET scans will be offered treatment with informed consent in an exploratory subgroup but will not be counted towards phase II efficacy. Secondary outcomes include radiographic response by PCWG3-modified RECIST 1.1 criteria and PSMA PET, biochemical and radiographic progression-free survival, circulating tumor cell counts, and overall survival. Patient reported outcomes, genomic, and immune analyses are exploratory. Enrollment to the post-177Lu-PSMA cohort began in August 2022. Clinical trial information: NCT04506567 .
Increased CTLA-4+ T cells and an increased ratio of monocytes with loss of class II (CD14+ HLA-DRlo/neg) found in aggressive pediatric sarcoma patients (2015)

Pediatric sarcoma patients exhibit several immune phenotypic differences that were exacerbated in more severe disease. These phenotypes have the potential to contribute to immune suppression and may indicate potential targets for immune therapies.