gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of screening and preoperative endocrine therapy: the potential for an important decrease in prostate cancer mortality. (1995)

Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in men in the Western world; its medical and social impact is comparable to that of breast cancer in women. Although it is well recognized that early treatment is the only possibility for reducing the high rate of death from prostate cancer, screening and even early treatment are controversial issues due mainly to arguments based upon old literature and lack of awareness of the significant advances recently made in this field. As it is well known that surgical removal of organ-confined prostate cancer cures the disease, and it has been demonstrated that annual screening with prostate-specific antigen coupled with digital rectal examination followed, when indicated, by transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate more than doubles the proportion of organ-confined disease, screening alone offers the possibility of at least doubling the number of patients curable from prostate cancer or the potential for a cure to an estimated 45% of prostate cancer patients compared to a maximum of 20% in the absence of screening. It is important to mention that screening does not detect small and insignificant cancers, especially when random biopsies are not performed routinely. The critical volume of prostate cancer is estimated at 0.3 cm or a tumor 7.5 mm in diameter, if spherical. Such a tumor should increase serum prostate-specific antigen by 0.5 ng/mL. Contrary to the belief that screening detects cancers that are too small, the fact is that screening detects prostate cancer too late or nonorgan- or nonspecimen-confined cancer in 35-50% of cases. There is, thus, a narrow window when prostate cancer can be detected at a curable stage, and even the best available screening techniques cannot succeed in all cases. It should be mentioned that the recent improvements of the technique of radical prostatectomy have markedly improved the acceptability of surgery. Concerning the recent publicity related to watchful waiting, it is essential to indicate that all such reports support the notion that prostate cancer grows slowly, but steadily and irremediably, with increasing malignancy and risk of distant metastases and death if sufficient time is allowed. Another serious limitation of watchful waiting is that the available prognostic factors have a large margin of error and cannot predict with certainty the rate of progression of the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Activation of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts (1995)

The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) is an important step in the manufacture of synthetic fuels from coal. The use of iron catalysts for FTS, though desirable from the standpoint of process economy, is hampered by problems relating to catalyst attrition and carbon buildup. In addition, from a research perspective, there has been a long-standing controversy in the literature with regard to the nature of the active phase. The effect of activation and reaction treatments on the resulting phase transformations in a commercial, precipitated and spray-dried, Fe2O3 - CuO - K2O Fischer-Tropsch catalyst have been studied. Different catalyst batches were activated in flowing H2, CO and a H2/CO = 0.7 mixture. The pretreatment method caused these catalyst samples to exhibit significant differences in their catalytic activity for FTS. The microstructure and phase composition of these catalysts were studied by electron microscopy and other bulk and surface characterization techniques in order to understand the phenomena responsible for these differences. It is observed that magnetite transforms into carbide as the catalyst is activated causing the crystals of magnetite to break down into smaller crystallites of the carbide phase. Deposition of carbon on the carbide surface causes the carbide crystallites to further separate from each other. These solid-state transformations in the catalyst during activation and reaction lead to eventual attrition of the catalyst. The results suggest that magnetite has negligible catalytic activity for FT synthesis whereas carbide formation is necessary before the catalyst becomes active. The extent of transformation into carbide correlates well with catalyst activity during the activation step.
Looking for an adequate quality criterion for depth coding (2010)

This paper deals with 3DTV, more especially with 3D content transmission using disparity-based format. In 3DTV, the problem of measuring the stereoscopic quality of a 3D content remains open. Depth signal degradations due to 3DTV transmission will induce new types of artifacts in the final rendered views. Whereas we have some experience regarding the issue of texture coding, the issue of depth coding consequences is rather unknown. In this paper we focus on that particular issue. For that purpose we considered LDV contents (Layered Depth Video) and performed various encoding of their depth information - i.e. depth maps plus depth occlusions layers - using MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC/H.264 MVC. We investigate the impact of depth coding artifacts on the quality of the final views. To this end, we compute the correlation between depth coding errors with the quality of the synthesized views. The criteria used for synthesized views include MSE and structural criteria such as SSIM. The criteria used for depth maps include also a topological measure in the 3D space (the Hausdorff distance). Correlations between the two criteria sets are presented. Trends in function of quantization are also discussed.
Steady state current - voltage characteristics of 4H - SiC thyristors at high and superhigh current densities (1997)

Current - voltage characteristics of 4H - SiC thyristors with a blocking voltage of 400 V have been measured up to a current density in the temperature range 300 - 600 K. The voltage drop across the thyristors was found to be significantly less than the drop across 6H - SiC thyristors with a blocking voltage of 100 V reported earlier. At a current density the contact resistance gives the main contribution to the voltage drop in 4H - SiC thyristors.
HopAS1 recognition significantly contributes to Arabidopsis nonhost resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathogens (2011)

• Plant immunity is activated by sensing either conserved microbial signatures, called pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (P/MAMPs), or specific effectors secreted by pathogens. However, it is not known why most microbes are nonpathogenic in most plant species. • Nonhost resistance (NHR) consists of multiple layers of innate immunity and protects plants from the vast majority of potentially pathogenic microbes. Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) has been implicated in race-specific disease resistance. However, the role of ETI in NHR is unclear. • Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) T1 is pathogenic in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yet nonpathogenic in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that, in addition to the type III secretion system (T3SS)-dependent effector (T3SE) avrRpt2, a second T3SE of Pto T1, hopAS1, triggers ETI in nonhost Arabidopsis. • hopAS1 is broadly present in P. syringae strains, contributes to virulence in tomato, and is quantitatively required for Arabidopsis NHR to Pto T1. Strikingly, all tested P. syringae strains that are pathogenic in Arabidopsis carry truncated hopAS1 variants of forms, demonstrating that HopAS1-triggered immunity plays an important role in Arabidopsis NHR to a broad-range of P. syringae strains.
A 250W LDMOS Doherty PA with 31% of fractional bandwidth for DVB-T applications (2014)

We discuss the development of a wideband LDMOS Doherty PA (DPA) with optimized peak power and efficiency over 550 MHz to 770 MHz of bandwidth. The design was enabled by a wideband output combiner which involves multisection impedance transformation. The DPA delivers more than 46% average efficiency across the band at 48 dBm average power supporting DVB-T signal with 8 MHz bandwidth and PAPR of 10.5 dB. The DPA prototype achieves the target ACPR of − 50 dBc at the upper limit of the bandwidth if digital predistortion is applied.
Tele-glaucoma versus clinical evaluation: The New Jersey Health Foundation Prospective Clinical Study (2019)

Tele-glaucoma allows for detecting glaucoma remotely. These advancements alleviate patient difficulties with obtaining adequate glaucoma screenings and helps ophthalmologists triage patients with more severe pathology. Our study indicates that our tele-glaucoma protocol is comparable to a clinical exam in its ability to detect glaucoma. Further studies will be needed for off-site testing and transferring data separately for analysis.
Structure of a high-resolution crystal form of human triosephosphate isomerase: improvement of crystals using the gel-tube method (2005)

Crystals of human triosephosphate isomerase with two crystal morphologies were obtained using the normal vapour-diffusion technique with identical crystallization conditions. One had a disordered plate shape and the crystals were hollow (crystal form 1). As a result, this form was very fragile, diffracted to 2.8 A resolution and had similar crystallographic parameters to those of the structure 1hti in the Protein Data Bank. The other had a fine needle shape (crystal form 2) and was formed more abundantly than crystal form 1, but was unsuitable for structure analysis. Since the normal vapour-diffusion method could not control the crystal morphology, gel-tube methods, both on earth and under microgravity, were applied for crystallization in order to control and improve the crystal quality. Whereas crystal form 1 was only slightly improved using this method, crystal form 2 was greatly improved and diffracted to 2.2 A resolution. Crystal form 2 contained a homodimer in the asymmetric unit, which was biologically essential. Its overall structure was similar to that of 1hti except for the flexible loop, which was located at the active centre Lys13.
ChemInform Abstract: Co‐Catalyst Dependent Cycloisomerization or Ring Closing Metathesis of α,ω‐Dienes Catalyzed by Arene Ruthenium Complex with Side‐Arm Alcohol. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Frequency-domain localization of alpha rhythm in humans via a maximum entropy approach</title> (1997)

Generators of spontaneous human brain activity such as alpha rhythm may be easier and more accurate to localize in frequency-domain than in time-domain since these generators are characterized by a specific frequency range. We carried out a frequency-domain analysis of synchronous alpha sources by generating equivalent potential maps using the Fourier transform of each channel of electro-encephalographic (EEG) recordings. SInce the alpha rhythm recorded by EEG scalp measurements is probably produced by several independent generators, a distributed source imaging approach was considered more appropriate than a model based on a single equivalent current dipole. We used an imaging approach based on a Bayesian maximum entropy technique. Reconstructed sources were superposed on corresponding anatomy form magnetic resonance imaging. Results from human studies suggest that reconstructed sources responsible for alpha rhythm are mainly located in the occipital and parieto- occipital lobes.
Wnt pathway activation functionally reprograms human antigen-specific T cells (2014)

Meeting abstracts Polyfunctionality is a hallmark of protective immunity, yet the molecular mechanisms governing polyfunctional T cells are poorly understood. After TCR activation, naïve CD8+ T cells undergo proliferation and differentiation, which lead to effector functions and memory subset
A New Method of Stress Calculation in Spot Welded Joint and Its Application to Fatigue Life Prediction of Actual Vehicle (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A method of fatigue life prediction of spot welded joint under multi-axial loads has been developed by fatigue life estimation working groups in the committee on fatigue strength and structural reliability of JSAE. This method is based on the concept of nominal structural stress ( &lt;i&gt;σ&lt;/i&gt; ns) proposed by Radaj and Rupp, and improved so that D value is not involved in stress calculation. The result of fatigue life estimation of actual vehicle with nominal structural stress which was calculated through newly developed method had very good correlation with the result of multi-axial loads fatigue test carried out with test piece including high strength steel.&lt;/div&gt;
Electrosteric Repulsion Induced By Superplasticizers between Cement Particles-An Overlooked Mechanism? (2000)

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ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Distortions in Excited Electronic States Determined from Electronic and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Addressing the Needs of Patients with Ultra-Rare Mutations One Patient at a Time: The n-Lorem Approach (2021)

Thanks to the advent of genomic sequencing and numerous personalized medicine initiatives in various medical centers, it is now known that there are many patients who have heretofore never been diagnosed who have mutations that are unique to them and them only and others that may be members of an extremely rare mutation (<30 patients in the world). Although each mutation may be unique it is now estimated that there are millions of these unique or vanishingly small patient groups. Patients with diseases caused by ultra-rare mutations present challenges to the health care system that are as unique as their mutation. n-Lorem was founded to take advantage of the antisense technology that we created at Ionis to discover and develop personalized antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) one patient at a time and provide those experimental ASO treatments for free for life. In our first 18 months of operation, we have demonstrated this goal is achievable and worked with the FDA to develop guidance for ASO treatment of patients with ultra-rare diseases. In this article, I define the problem, discuss the ASO solution, and our progress at n-Lorem to date. I then focus on important steps that we have taken to assure that these complex risk/benefit judgments are made with high quality and that each patient receives the highest quality ASO possible. I then describe the processes we have created to assure that the opportunity to learn from each patient and our aggregate experience are maximized and shared with all stakeholders.
How to define and optimize axial resolution in light-sheet microscopy: a simulation-based approach (2019)

Abstract “How thick is your light sheet?” is a question that has been asked frequently after talks showing impressive renderings of 3D data acquired by a light-sheet microscope. This question is motivated by the fact that most of the time the thickness of the light-sheet is uniquely associated to the axial resolution of the microscope. However, the link between light-sheet thickness and axial resolution has never been systematically assessed and it is still unclear how both are connected. The question is not trivial because commonly employed measures cannot readily be applied or do not lead to easily interpretable results for the many different types of light sheet. Here, by using simulation data we introduce a set of intuitive measures that helps to define the relationship between light sheet thickness and axial resolution. Unexpectedly, our analysis revealed a trade-off between better axial resolution and thinner light-sheet thickness. Our results are surprising because thicker light-sheets that provide lower image contrast have previously not been associated with better axial resolution. We conclude that classical Gaussian illumination beams should be used when image contrast is most important, and more advanced types of illumination represent a way to optimize axial resolution at the expense of image contrast.
ACS Editors’ Choice: Providing Recognition to Authors and Open Access to the Community (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTACS Editors' Choice: Providing Recognition to Authors and Open Access to the CommunityCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2016, 7, 11, 1469–1470Publication Date (Web):November 16, 2016Publication History Published online16 November 2016Published inissue 16 November 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00368https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00368editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views570Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (136 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical neuroscience,Nervous system diseases,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Microspaces: a compact javaspaces alternative for teaching net-centric computing in Java (2004)

We introduce MicroSpaces, an Open Source project we develop and support for teaching net-centric computing in Java. A Linda system, MicroSpaces is virtually identical to JavaSpaces at the API level yet MicroSpaces is simpler to manage, more compact, and better suited to one-semester projects, study of network programming principles, and supervised research. We describe the MicroSpaces goals, architecture, and applications for teaching purposes.
Homogeneous Catalysis — Quo vadis? (1996)

The prelims comprise: Immobilization of Homogeneous Catalysts Colloidal Organometallic Catalysts Multicomponent and Multifunctional Catalysis Stereoselective Catalysis Metals from Stoichiometric Reactivity to Catalytic Efficiency Mechanistic Knowledge and Theory — Keys to Catalyst Design Catalyst Performance Organometallic Electrocatalysis New Chemical Feedstocks for Homogeneous Catalysis Catalysis under Supercritical Conditions New Reactions, Improved Catalysts Organometallic Catalysts for Polymers Catalyst Reactivation, Process, and Reactor Technology Final Closure
Cognitive agents (1998)

Several researchers have proposed using cognitive concepts as a semantic basis for agent communications (M.N. Huhns and M.P. Singh, 1997). One of the leading candidates for such a semantics is based on Arcol, the communication language used within Artimis. Interestingly, this application (not only of Arcol, but also in general) appears extremely misguided. The intentional concepts are well suited to designing agents, but are not suited to giving a basis to a public, standardizable view of communication. A challenge for using the cognitive concepts is that although they are natural in several respects and can guide implementations, full blown implementations that try to be faithful to every aspect of the model can end up being computationally demanding. As the cognitive concepts are put to use in real applications, the principles for simplifying the implementations will emerge. In any case, because of their naturalness to humans, the cognitive concepts are here to stay, and we will do well to consider them in the design of our agents.
A Small Molecule Modulates Circadian Rhythms through Phosphorylation of the Period Protein (2011)

Time shift: A high-throughput cell-based screen identified a benzothiazole analogue, LH846, which induces period lengthening of the circadian rhythm. Affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and genomic analysis identified protein kinase CKIδ as the biological target of LH846 (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Application of density functional theory to metal-containing radicals Study of the organometallic radicals GeH, GeCH3 and GeC2H5 (1998)

Geometric parameters, harmonic frequencies and absolute energies have been calculated for the ground and first excited states of the organometallic radicals GeH, GeCH3 and GeC2H5 using the B3PW91/6-311G* level of theory. Dipole moments are also provided. Selection of this theoretical method was based on comparison between the experimental data for GeH and computational results for a number of different abinitio and density functional (DFT) models. The B3PW91 model was superior to any of those we employed, including the more widely used B3LYP method. The DFT results are in better agreement with experiment than are the abinitio results, even with extensive CI calculations, and require only a fraction of the computational resources. The results are expected to be useful in the spectroscopic monitoring of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes involving germane and tetramethylgermane, two common precursors, as well as in the continuing fundamental study of organometallic radicals.