gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineered Polysaccharides: α‐1,3‐Glucan Acetates Showing Upper Critical Solution Temperature in Organic Solvents (2019)

Abstract Acetates of α‐1,3‐glucan dissolved in N , N ‐dimethyl acetamide/LiCl are prepared by converting the polysaccharide with acetyl chloride, acetic acid anhydride/pyridine, or with acetic acid/ N,N ′‐carbonyl diimidazole. Values of the degree of substitution for the acetyl groups (DS Ac ) of up to 2.6 are realized. NMR spectroscopic measurements reveal a preferred conversion of the primary hydroxyl group at position 6 followed by positions 2 and 4. Depending on the DS Ac , the samples may be soluble in solvents of different polarity at room temperature or at elevated temperatures showing upper critical solution temperature at DS of about 2.5. This process is found to be reversible.
Replicated micro-optics for automotive applications (2005)

Replicated micro-optics is playing an increasingly important role in illumination and sensing systems in automobiles. The introduction of new design methods and improvements in materials and production technology has led to components which can offer superior performance, size and weight compared with classical optical elements. Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) for applications such as beam shaping can achieve optical performance which is not possible with conventional optics. Beam forming elements for use with red and white LEDs play a major role in automotive optics. Customised DOEs can offer significantly more design flexibility and functionality over Fresnel lenses for the complex optical system based on a single or multiple LED source with reflector and wavelength converting resin. Thinner modules and improved efficiency are achieved. With CMOS imager sensors, micro-optical lenslet arrays can improve the effective sensitivity by many factors. UV-embossing and injection moulding are used to produce components in high volumes at low production costs. Replicated mounting and alignment features reduce assembly costs. New materials and processes have been developed to enable wafer-scale production by UV-embossing, producing glass-like components with excellent humidity and elevated temperature stability as well as IR-reflow process compatibility.
Generating Graphs for Visual Analytics through Interactive Sketching (2006)

We introduce an interactive graph generator, GreenSketch, designed to facilitate the creation of descriptive graphs required for different visual analytics tasks. The human-centric design approach of GreenSketch enables users to master the creation process without specific training or prior knowledge of graph model theory. The customized user interface encourages users to gain insight into the connection between the compact matrix representation and the topology of a graph layout when they sketch their graphs. Both the human-enforced and machine-generated randomnesses supported by GreenSketch provide the flexibility needed to address the uncertainty factor in many analytical tasks. This paper describes more than two dozen examples that cover a wide variety of graph creations from a single line of nodes to a real-life small-world network that describes a snapshot of telephone connections. While the discussion focuses mainly on the design of GreenSketch, we include a case study that applies the technology in a visual analytics environment and a usability study that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of our design approach.
Comparative Study of Ni–P–Diamond and Ni–P–CNT Nanocomposite Films (2005)

Ni–P–diamond and Ni–P carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite films have been synthesized and compared in this paper. Because diamond has different shapes and sizes than CNTs, the nanocomposite films exhibit distinct characteristics. Nanoindentation measurements show that the Young's modulus and hardness of the Ni–P–CNT nanocomposite film electroplated in a bath with CNTs increase to and , respectively, which is about four times larger than that of pure nickel. On the contrary, the modulus and hardness of the Ni–P–diamond nanocomposite films decrease with the incorporation of the nanodiamond powders due to the formation of voids and cracks, even though both diamond and CNTs have similar Young's modulus and hardness. For the Ni–P–diamond film plated in the bath with nanodiamonds, the values are reduced to and . Nevertheless, the electrothermal actuators made of both Ni–P–CNT and Ni-P-diamond composites can provide four times the maximum elongation, larger than that made of pure nickel. With the same displacement, the input power of the nanocomposite actuators is much less than that of the pure Ni one. This study reveals potential applications for nano/microelectromechanical systems fabrication using both Ni–P–diamond and Ni–P–CNT nanocomposites due to their distinctive physical properties and compatibility with contemporary complementary metal oxide semiconductor manufacturing processes.
Reaction injection molding process of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane composites (2000)

Abstract Structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) was used to produce polyurethane composites containing random continuous glass fiber mats. A long rectangular mold was used to carry out the SRIM experiments. 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and poly(propylene oxide) triol were used to formulate a thermoset polyurethane system. Dibutyltin dilaurate was used as a catalyst. A second order Arrhenius equation described the PU polymerization kinetic data obtained from the adiabatic temperature rise measurement. A viscosity as a function of temperature and conversion was developed using rheometer data. The pressure rise at the gate was measured during filling. The flow behavior within the mold was described by Darcy's law and the Kozeny's equation. The temperature profile within the mold measured by thermocouples during filling and curing coincided fairly well with the simulation results. The thermal transient problem at the wall was solved using the overall heat transfer coefficient, and it was analyzed as a function of Biot number. The dimensional stability of the fiber reinforced PU parts was excellent compared to the pure PU parts.
On capacity of deterministic relay networks (2008)

In this paper, we study network coding for a single multicast session in wireless networks based on ldquodeterministic channel modelrdquo introduced recently in [2], [3]. We propose a network coding scheme for acyclic deterministic wireless network which can achieve the well-known cutset upper bound for such networks. While the original approach in [3] first proves the achievability of cutset upper bound for the layered networks and then extends the result to acyclic networks, we provide a short and direct proof for acyclic networks which trivially includes the layered networks.
Study of the interaction between hair protein and organic acid that improves hair-set durability by near-infrared spectroscopy. (2006)

In this study, hydrogen bonds around hair proteins were analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy to reveal the mechanism of improving hair-set durability by treatment with a specific organic acid. The improvement of set durability was confirmed by measurement on single hair fibers, suggesting that improvement is not because of the surface adhesion increase but because of the internal changes in the hair. Through analysis by two-dimensional near-infrared correlation spectroscopy, it was found that a combination band of stretching NH and amide II is deconvoluted into three bands interacting with different hydrogen bonds. From the assignment of the three bands, the behavior of the organic acid in the hair was clarified as follows: it absorbs at the site where water originally binds, even in extremely dry conditions, prevents water penetration, and makes strong and stable hydrogen bonds with hair proteins. The formation of such strong and stable hydrogen bonds suppresses the exchange of hydrogen bonds that is the cause of the breakage of set durability.
Measures and algorithms for best basis selection (2002)

A general framework based on majorization, Schur-concavity, and concavity is given that facilitates the analysis of algorithm performance and clarifies the relationships between existing proposed diversity measures useful for best basis selection. Admissible sparsity measures are given by the Schur-concave functions, which are the class of functions consistent with the partial ordering on vectors known as majorization. Concave functions form an important subclass of the Schur-concave functions which attain their minima at sparse solutions to the basis selection problem. Based on a particular functional factorization of the gradient, we give a general affine scaling optimization algorithm that converges to a sparse solution for measures chosen from within this subclass.
Identification of conserved gene expression features across human and murine mammary tumors (2006)

4841 Breast cancer has been shown to consist of not just a single disease but several distinct diseases or subtypes identified by microarray analysis. To study breast cancer, researchers have spent the last couple of decades developing a number of mouse models to mimic human breast cancer. How well these models represent human breast tumor phenotypes is still unclear. We have used gene expression analysis with DNA microarrays to address this question. We have characterized more than 13 different murine mammary models and compared these data to the expression patterns from primary human breast tumors. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the murine samples showed that the WAP- myc , MMTV- neu , MMTV- PyMT , WAP- In t3, WAP- Tag and C3(1)- Tag tumors were highly correlated within each model. Other models, including the WAP- T 121 , MMTV- Wnt1 , Brca1 conditional, and DMBA-induced tumor model, did not show this consistency and gave rise to tumors with expression profiles consistent with the expansion of multiple cell types or different cell types of origin. A combined clustering analysis of the murine tumors with 184 human breast tumors showed many shared expression features. These features included a proliferation signature, an interferon-regulated pattern, and patterns reflective of the presence of immune cells, adipocytes and fibroblasts. Like human breast tumors, murine tumors could be categorized according to their presumed cellular origins; the C3(1)- Tag , two independent Brca1 deficient models, and DMBA-treated models displayed expression characteristics of human basal-like breast tumors. In contrast, the MMTV- neu , MMTV- PyMT , and WAP- myc models shared features with human luminal breast tumors including the high expression of GATA3 and XBP1 . Single mouse models did not reproduce the entire expression pattern seen in a specific human subtype; rather portions of a subtype’s expression profile were captured/represented by different murine models. The shared patterns of expression present between mice and humans provides a common framework for the direct comparison and integration of animal models with human breast tumors.
Characterization of an Implicitly Resistively‐Loaded Monopole Antenna in Lossy Liquid Media (2008)

Microwave tomographic imaging of the breast for cancer detection is a topic of considerable interest because of the potential to exploit the apparent high-dielectric property contrast between normal and malignant tissue. An important component in the realization of an imaging system is the antenna array to be used for signal transmission/detection. The monopole antenna has proven to be useful in our implementation because it can be easily and accurately modeled and can be positioned in close proximity to the imaging target with high-element density when configured in an imaging array. Its frequency response is broadened considerably when radiating in the liquid medium that is used to couple the signals into the breast making it suitable for broadband spectral imaging. However, at higher frequencies, the beam patterns steer further away from the desired horizontal plane and can cause unwanted multipath contributions when located in close proximity to the liquid/air interface. In this paper, we have studied the behavior of these antennas and devised strategies for their effective use at higher frequencies, especially when positioned near the surface of the coupling fluid which is used. The results show that frequencies in excess of 2 GHz can be used when the antenna centers are located as close as 2 cm from the liquid surface.
Trans -Activator Gene of HTLV-II Induces IL-2 Receptor and IL-2 Cellular Gene Expression (1986)

The human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) have been etiologically linked with certain T-cell leukemias and lymphomas that characteristically display membrane receptors for interleukin-2. The relation of these viruses to this growth factor receptor has remained unexplained. It is demonstrated here that introduction of the trans-activator (tat) gene of HTLV-II into the Jurkat T-lymphoid cell line results in the induction of both interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-2 gene expression. The coexpression of these cellular genes may play a role in the altering T-cell growth following retroviral infection.
2755. Phase 1/2, First-in-Human Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of an RSV Prefusion F-Based Subunit Vaccine Candidate (2019)

Abstract Background The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion glycoprotein (F) is a molecule that fuses the viral and host cell membranes during virus entry as it rearranges from a meta-stable prefusion to a stable postfusion conformation. Using structure-guided design, Pfizer engineered a prefusion RSV F subunit vaccine antigen with stable and well-characterized conformational homogeneity. Methods We report results of a 1,182 subject, first-in-human, phase 1/2, placebo-controlled, randomized, observer-blind, dose-finding study to describe the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the Pfizer RSV vaccine candidate in healthy men and non-pregnant women from 18 to 85 years of age. The study compares three dosages of the vaccine candidate, with and without aluminum hydroxide, and also compares immunization with the RSV vaccine candidate alone or concomitantly with influenza vaccine. The study is ongoing to collect antibody persistence and additional safety data. Results The data, which are currently available for the 18- to 49-year-old subgroup, demonstrate an excellent safety and tolerability profile. Immunization with the various formulations of the vaccine candidate elicited RSV 50% neutralization titer geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) of 10.6–17.2 for subgroup A and 10.4–19.8 for subgroup B, measured one month after immunization, with evidence of a dose–response. Conclusion The 10- to 20-fold increases in neutralizing antibody titers elicited by this vaccine with a stable prefusion F antigen represent a step change relative to the historical performance of vaccine candidates, such as Wyeth’s PFP, with F antigens that were not stabilized in the prefusion conformation (Simoes et al., Vaccine 20:954–60, 2002). The data strongly support development of this vaccine candidate to prevent RSV disease in infants, by immunizing pregnant women, and to prevent RSV disease in older adults, by direct immunization. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Effect of Light Power Density on Development of Elastic Modulus of a Model Light‐Activated Composite during Polymerization (2001)

Light power densities greater than 160 mW/cm2 measured at the specimen surface resulted in elastic moduli that were not significantly different. Equivalent energy densities produced comparable elastic moduli.
Emission bifréquence d'un laser à semiconducteur en cavité externe à 852 nm pour les horloges atomiques à CPT (orale) (2013)

National audience
MMIC power amplifier adaptively linearized with RF coupled active bias circuit for W-CDMA mobile terminals applications (2003)

A new on-chip linearizer self-adapting to the input power has been devised and implemented on a highly linear monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier for 1.95 GHz wide-band code division multiple-access (W-CDMA) systems. The linearizer consists of an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) active bias circuit and reverse biased junction diode for which the dynamic admittance to input power level varies adaptively to control RF transmission power to the bias circuit. The proposed linearizer effectively improves the gain compression with little insertion power loss, and more importantly, it consumes no additional die area and DC power. The HBT MMIC power amplifier with the integrated linearizer exhibits a maximum output power of 30.3 dBm, a power gain of 27.5 dB, a power added efficiency of 42% at the maximum output power under an operation voltage of 3.4 V, and adjacent channel leakage power ratio of -38 dBc at 27 dBm of output power.
Computational Approaches for Rational Design of Electrodes for Biofuel Cells and Biosensors Applications (2016)

Redox enzymes have been extensively exploited as electrocatalysts in biofuel cells and biosensors due to the advantages they have over commonly used inorganic catalysts. For example, they often have higher activity and selectivity than the inorganic catalysts and can operate at biologically benign conditions. However, additional improvements have to be made for the development of enzymatic electrodes with high activity, stability, and ease of production that can lead to broader applications of enzyme-based systems. Immobilization and optimal interaction of the proteins with the support material is one of the key components in the design of enzymatic electrodes. Therefore, rational design of the electrode surface provides one of the most promising routes for creating biofuel cells and biosensors with enhanced performances. Such a design, however, demands deeper understanding of the bio-nano interface interactions as well as efficient enzyme orientation, which can be achieved by the use of various computational approaches. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and docking simulations were used to gain a fundamental understanding of the role of different molecules explored as orienting and/or mediating agents in the design and operation of several enzymatic electrodes. Different computational approaches were first used to explain the role of 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, and ubiquinone on the operation and mechanism of electron transfer in PQQ-dependent soluble glucose dehydrogenase anodes (1, 2). The same approach was also used to understand the role of bilirubin in the bilirubin-modified oxygen reducing bio-cathodes based on bilirubin oxidase. We further studied the interaction of unsubstituted phenothiazine with glucose, lactate and cholesterol oxidases. Namely, it has been shown that the hydrophobic phenothiazine can be utilized for efficient electron transfer in various oxidases. In addition, docking simulations were used to discuss the nature of the interactions between flavins and outer membrane cytochromes of Shewanella spp. , which has practical implication in the development of microbial fuel cells. 1. Babanova S, Matanovic I, Atanassov P. Quinone-modified surfaces for enhanced enzyme-electrode interactions in PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase anodes. Chem Electro Chem. 2014;1(11):2017–28. 2. Babanova S, Matanovic I, Chavez MS, Atanassov P. The role of quinones in electron transfer of PQQ-glucose de-hydrogenase anodes – mediation or orientation effect. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015;137(24):7754-7762. Figure 1
Detection of High Molecular Weight Narrow Polydisperse Polymers up to 1.5 Million Daltons by MALDI Mass Spectrometry (1996)

The detection of very high molecular weight narrow polydisperse poly(styrene) samples by MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry is reported. It is shown that accurate molecular weight determinations of samples up to 1 million can be achieved very rapidly from the singly charged polymeric species. For a poly(styrene) with a molecular weight of approximately 1.5 million, signals corresponding to the multiply charged ions of the principal distribution are observed. The molecular weights obtained by MALDI are in good agreement with classical molecular weight determination techniques. all-trans-Retinoic acid was used as the organic matrix for the laser desorption procedure, and the samples were analyzed as their silver cation adducts. This work demonstrates that, with proper matrix selection and sample preparation, MALDI can be a very useful tool for high molecular weight polymer sample analysis.
Millimeter‐Wave System Overview (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Outlook for Low-cost, High-volume mmWave Systems Example:60 GHz SiGe Transceiver Demonstration Board for 60GHz SiGe Transceiver Transceiver ICs as Part of Larger Digital System Future Evolution References
CMOS-MEMS Capacitive Humidity Sensor (2009)

A high-sensitivity capacitive humidity sensor intended for use as part of a respirator end-of-service-life indicator system is presented. This paper reports a method for improving the sensitivity of integrated capacitive chemical sensors by removing the underlying substrate. The sensor is integrated with CMOS testing electronics using maskless postprocessing followed by ink-jet deposition of a sensitive polymer. Two different methods of depositing polymer, namely, capillary wicking and coating the top surface directly, were investigated. The sensors had measured sensitivities of 0.16% to 0.18% change in capacitance per percent relative humidity, which is the highest demonstrated for an integrated capacitive humidity sensor. Temperature sensitivity of the sensor, which is an important criterion for a sensor intended for a variety of different ambient conditions, was measured to be 0.07%/°C. The cross sensitivities to toluene and acetone, which are two common industrial solvents that are filtered by respirator cartridges, were measured to be 2.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> and 9.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> %/ppm, respectively.
Probability-Constrained Approach to Estimation of Random Gaussian Parameters (2006)

The problem of estimating a random signal vector x observed through a linear transformation H and corrupted by an additive noise is considered. A linear estimator that minimizes the mean squared error (MSE) with a certain selected probability is derived under the assumption that both the additive noise and random signal vectors are zero mean Gaussian with known covariance matrices. Our approach can be viewed as a robust generalization of the Wiener filter. It simplifies to the recently proposed robust minimax estimator in some special cases.
Active quasi-BIC optical vortex generators for ultrafast switching (2022)

Abstract The Pancharatnam–Berry phase induced by the winding topology of polarization around a vortex singularity at bound states in the continuum (BIC) provides a unique approach to optical vortex (OV) generation. The BIC-based OV generators have the potential to outperform their counterparts that rely on spatial variations in terms of design feasibility, fabrication complexity, and robustness. However, given the fact that this class of OV generators originates from the topological property of the photonic bands, their responses are generally fixed and cannot be dynamically altered, which limits their applications to photonic systems. Here, we numerically demonstrate that a silicon photonic crystal slab can be used to realize optically switchable OV generation by simultaneously exploiting the vortex topology in momentum space in conjunction with silicon’s nonlinear dynamics. Picosecond switching of OV beams at near-infrared wavelengths are observed. The demonstrated nontrivial topological nature of the active generators can significantly expand the application of BIC toward ultrafast vortex beam generation, high-capacity optical communication, and mode-division multiplexing.