gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unintended consequences: social policy, state institutions and the ‘stalling’ of the Malaysian industrialization project (2006)

Abstract This paper examines the relation of particular forms of social and labour market policy to economic development. Taking the history of Malaysian industrialization as its empirical case, the paper assesses the unintended consequences of redistribution policy, on the one hand, and migration policy, on the other, for the limited upgrading of the country's electronics industry. It argues that, while the former has been central to social harmony in Malaysia's multi-racial society, it has contributed to the underdevelopment of small and medium-sized firms capable of linking with the TNCs on the basis of knowledge-intensive and higher value-added operations. Migration policy, on the other hand, has allowed manufacturers to have continued access to supplies of low-cost, lower-skilled labour that have released the pressures that would otherwise have been there for technological and skill upgrading in the electronics industry. Only in Penang, where regional state institutions have intervened to encourage SME upgrading, has the national picture been moderated. Malaysia's industrialization project emerged at time when export competition in manufactured commodities was less intense than it is now. Largely as a result of federal government priorities and for other reasons explored in the paper, advantage was not taken of this ‘window of opportunity’. As a consequence, the country's industrialization project – exemplified by its electronics industry – is now ‘stalling’ in the sense that it remains locked into low- to medium-technology operations. With the rise of China as a manufacturing exporter, this is a dangerous situation for a country's principal industry to be in.
Abstract LB-242: Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are not surrogate biomarkers of sporadic adenoma prevention with celecoxib: Results from the Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib (APC) trial (2008)

Abstract Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are the earliest visible neoplastic lesions in the colorectum. The natural history of these lesions and their role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence are unknown. We studied ACF in a subset of patients enrolled in the Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib (APC) Trial to determine whether the presence of ACF in the rectum correlated with that of adenomas in the entire large intestine. Participants were randomized to placebo (n=17), celecoxib 200 mg bid (n=15), or celecoxib 400 mg bid (n=13). Magnification chromoendoscopy (MCE) was performed to identify and biopsy ACF within the rectum at baseline and after 8-12 months of medication use. A total of 670 ACF were identified in 45 patients, and 70 of these were examined histologically. All of the ACF examined were non-dysplastic. Analysis showed no differences in ACF number between baseline and post-treatment studies (8.3±1.0 vs. 6.3±1.1) and no modulation by treatment (celecoxib vs placebo; p=0.77). Immunohistochemical studies showed that ACF contained cells exhibiting increased proliferation, but lacked other features of neoplasia such as increased Cox-2 expression and microvascular density, nuclear localization of β-catenin, or decreased expression of the tumor suppressors SMAD4, estrogen receptor (ERα) or MGMT. Of the secondary markers assessed at baseline, only SMAD4 expression correlated with post-treatment adenoma recurrence. Taken together, these data showed that non-dysplastic ACF are not accurate surrogate endpoint biomarkers of colorectal adenoma risk or NSAID chemoprevention response.
Stereoselective reductive hydroxymethylation of an annulated sugar derivative via radical cyclisation (1992)

R. V. Bonnert, M. J. Davies, J. Howarth, P. R. Jenkins and N. J. Lawrence, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 27 DOI: 10.1039/P19920000027
Multiple Loop Antenna against Skimming Attack (2010)

In this paper, new models of antennas are studied and implemented in order to prevent RFID passive cards from skimming attacks. Their effectiveness is proved thanks to measurement confirming the simulation tools prediction. With our countermeasure antenna design, an RFID card cannot be easily skimmed, without a well positioning of the skimmer, even in short ranges (<;10 cm). Beyond this distance, attacks become unrealistic.
Cellular Imaging of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis Using Magnetofluorescent Nanomaterials (2006)

Here we show that (1) the in vitro and in vivo cellular distribution of atherosclerosis-targeted MFNPs can be quantified by using fluorescence imaging methods; (2) in atherosclerosis, dextranated MFNPs preferentially target macrophages; and (3) MFNP deposition in murine atheroma can be noninvasively detected by in vivo MRI. This study thus provides a foundation for using MFNPs to image genetic and/or pharmacological perturbations of cellular inflammation in experimental atherosclerosis and for the future development of novel targeted nanomaterials for atherosclerosis.
Characterisation of fibres containing rare-earth ions (1985)

A recent enhancement of the MCVD process has permitted the fabrication of long lengths of both mono- and multi-mode optical fibres containing low concentrations (1dB/m) whilst maintaining the low-losses (&amp;lt;1 dB/km) inherent in optical fibres at wavelengths of interest for communications. Such properties make the fibres suitable for use as either optical fibre lasers or amplifiers. Moreover, distributed temperature sensors can be constructed using changes in either the absorption band strengths or fluorescence lifetimes.
EX VIVO ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED GENE DELIVERY LEADS TO LONG-TERM EXPRESSION IN PANCREATIC ISLET TRANSPLANTS1 (1997)

Treatment of islet isografts ex vivo with ad5-CMV-beta-galactosidase results in prolonged transgene expression, possibly due to an attenuated immune response against adenovirus.
A pilot study of the combination of checkpoint inhibition with ablation in subjects with biliary tract cancer. (2021)

e16150 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition has demonstrated modest activity in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). Augmentation of the immune response by ablative procedures to improve efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition has been previously demonstrated in hepatocellular carcinoma, however the outcome of the combination of immune checkpoint inhibition with tremelimumab (anti-CTLA4) and durvalumab (anti-PD1) with ablation in advanced biliary tract carcinoma is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to establish the efficacy via 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) of combining tremelimumab and durvalumab in patients with advanced BTC either alone or with tumor ablation. Secondary objectives were safety and feasibility of combination treatment. An exploratory objective was overall survival (OS). Methods: Eligible patients had histologically confirmed advanced or unresectable BTC (intra- or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, or ampullary cancer) who had progressed on, been intolerant to, or refused prior chemotherapy. Disease had to be technically amenable to cryoablation with at least two measurable lesions. Adequate organ function and an ECOG of 0 or 1 were required. Patients were treated with tremelimumab and durvalumab with or without tumor ablation. Tremelimumab and durvalumab were administered intravenously every 28 days for four cycles followed by durvalumab every 28 days until disease progression. Cryoablation was performed on day 36. Patients were imaged every 8 weeks and response was defined per RECIST v 1.1 criteria. Results: In total, 22 patients have been enrolled into the BTC cohort. Half underwent ablation and half received immunotherapy alone. The median age was 59 years (range 21-80). All patients had received prior systemic chemotherapy, locally advanced disease was present in 68% of patients. Median PFS was 2.1m and median OS was 5.6 m. DCR was 45% (SD). Median OS and PFS was similar in the group that received ablation vs immunotherapy alone with a median OS of 6.8 m vs 6.7 m and 2.0 m vs 2.7 m respectively. The most common grade 3- 4 adverse events were lymphopenia (27%), increased AST (41%), increased alkaline phosphatase (32%) and elevated bilirubin (27%). Conclusions: Combination checkpoint inhibition combined with tumor ablative procedures is a safe and effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced BTC, however the addition of ablative therapy may not enhance efficacy in this small cohort of patients. Results illustrate the poor prognosis of advanced BTC and may represent a non-chemotherapeutic approach to treatment in this patient population. Further studies are warranted to identify patient populations most likely to respond to these interventions. Clinical trial information: NCT02821754.
P687 Clinical remission demonstrated with oral ozanimod in the overall population and across multiple subgroups of patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in the TOUCHSTONE trial (2019)

Ozanimod is an oral immunomodulator that selectively targets S1P1 and S1P5. TOUCHSTONE, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial that evaluated patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) showed significantly higher rates of clinical remission, clinical response, and endoscopic mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic subscale score of 0/1) at Weeks 8 and 32 in patients assigned to ozanimod 1 mg compared with those who received placebo (Sandborn et al., NEJM, 2016).1 Clinical remission at Week 32 also was assessed across subgroups of interest. Patients were randomised 1:1:1 and received ozanimod 1 mg, ozanimod 0.5 mg, or placebo. Mayo score, based on stool frequency, rectal bleeding, mucosal appearance at endoscopy, and physician rating of disease activity was calculated at baseline, end of induction (Week 8), and end of maintenance (Week 32). Clinical remission was defined as total Mayo score ≤2, with no subscore >1. A post hoc sub-group analysis evaluated clinical remission rates at Week 32 according to baseline Mayo score, years since UC diagnosis, and body mass index (BMI). A total of 197 patients were randomised to ozanimod 1 mg (n = 67), 0.5 mg (n = 65), or placebo (n = 65), with 103 (52.3%) entering a maintenance period based on response criteria and 91 (88.3%) completing the study. Differences in the proportion of patients in clinical remission with ozanimod 1 mg vs. placebo by subgroup illustrate that the treatment effect favoured ozanimod 1 mg in every subgroup analysed (see Figure 1). Forest plot of clinical remission at Week 32 in the overall population and by subgroup (ITT population, non-responder imputation) – RPC1063 1 mg vs. placebo. The 95% confidence intervals for the treatment difference between ozanimod 1 mg and placebo exclude 0 for the overall population and subgroups of baseline Mayo score >8, years since UC diagnosis >6, and BMI >21. In the TOUCHSTONE trial, ozanimod therapy was consistently more efficacious than placebo for induction of clinical remission across a wide range of patient subtypes including those with relatively long disease duration and high disease activity. References 1. Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Wolf DC, et al. Ozanimod induction and maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2016.
Use of Fluid-Ventilated, Gas-Permeable Scleral Lens for Management of Severe Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Secondary to Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (2007)

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) occurs in 40%-60% of patients with chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although immunosuppressive therapy is the primary treatment of chronic GVHD, ocular symptoms require measures to improve ocular lubrication, decrease inflammation, and maintain mucosal integrity. The liquid corneal bandage provided by a fluid-ventilated, gas-permeable scleral lens (SL) has been effective in mitigating symptoms and resurfacing corneal erosions in patients with KCS related to causes other than cGVHD. We report outcomes in 9 consecutive patients referred for SL fitting for cGVHD-related severe KCS that was refractory to standard treatments. All patients reported improvement of ocular symptoms and reduced the use of topical lubricants after SL fitting resulting from decreased evaporation. No serious adverse events or infections attributable to the SL occurred. The median Ocular Surface Disease Index improved from 81 (75-100) to 21 (6-52) within 2 weeks after SL fitting, and was 12 (2-53) at the time of last contact, 1-23 months (median, 8.0) after SL fitting. Disability related to KCS resolved in 7 patients after SL fitting. The use of SL appears to be safe and effective in patients with severe cGVHD-related KCS refractory to conventional therapies.
Real-time implementation of cochlear implant speech processing pipeline on smartphones (2014)

This paper presents the real-time implementation of an adaptive speech processing pipeline for cochlear implants on the smartphone platform. The pipeline is capable of real-time classification of background noise environment and automated tuning of a noise suppression component based upon the detected background noise environment. This pipeline was previously implemented on the FDA-approved PDA platform for cochlear implant studies. The paper discusses the steps taken to achieve the real-time implementation of the pipeline on the smartphone platform. In addition, it includes the real-time timing as well as the noise suppression results when the entire pipeline was run on the smartphone platform.
Kontrollierte Funktionalisierung von Chitosanpartikeln und Chitosanschichten (2008)

Es werden experimentelle Ergebnisse zur Erzeugung stabiler wässriger Dispersionen aus pyrogener Kieselsäure bzw.Aluminiumoxid mittels verschiede
Population size estimation using a few individuals as agents (2011)

We conduct an experiment where ten attendees of an open-air music festival are acting as Bluetooth probes. We then construct a parametric statistical model to estimate the total number of visible Bluetooth devices in the festival area. By comparing our estimate with ground truth information provided by probes at the entrances of the festival, we show that the total population can be estimated with a surprisingly low error (1.26% in our experiment), given the small number of agents compared to the area of the festival and the fact that they are regular attendees who move randomly. Also, our statistical model can easily be adapted to obtain more detailed estimates, such as the evolution of the population size over time.
Bandgap engineering of group IV materials for complementary n and p tunneling field effect transistors (2013)

Direct bandgap transition engineering using stress, alloying, and quantum confinement is proposed to achieve high performing complementary n and p tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) based on group IV materials. The critical tensile stress for this transition decreases in Ge1−xSnx for Sn content 0≤x≤0.068, calculated with the Nonlocal Empirical Pseudopotential method. Direct sub eV bandgap leads to high ON current in both n and p Ge and Ge1−xSnx TFETs, simulated using the sp3d5s*-SO model. Ge and Ge1−xSnx show an advantage over III-V p TFETs achieving steep subthreshold operation, which is limited in III-V devices by their low density of electron states.
A neural network for predicting unintentional lane departures (2017)

Unintended lane departure accidents are due to driver's inattention, incapacitation, and drowsiness. Lane departure warning systems have been developed to enhance traffic safety by predicting/detecting driving situation and alerting drivers to avoid or mitigate traffic accidents. This paper explores effectiveness of a three-layer perceptron neural network in predicting an unintentional lane departure, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. This study used driver experiment data generated by VIRTTEX, a hydraulically powered 6-degrees-of-freedom moving base driving simulator at Ford Motor Company. The experimental data represented 16 drowsy drivers who drove a simulated 2000 Volvo S80 (three hours per driver), which consisted of a total of 3,508 lane departure occurrences. Two-third of the lane departures were randomly selected to generate training examples for the network (82,040 examples for a 0.2-second prediction horizon and 171,112 for a 0.5-second horizon). The number of hidden neurons as well as the input vehicle variables were optimized experimentally through the training process. The optimized network was then used to predict lane departure by processing the entire driving time series of the 16 drivers one by one after all the training data was removed from the time series. The network made a prediction at each sampling moment of the time series and there were over 6.3 million predictions. The overall recall and precision of the optimized network for the 0.2-second horizon were 99.74% and 99.66%, respectively, which degraded to 99.23% and 85.49%, respectively, when the horizon increased to 0.5 s.
Carboxyl-modified conjugated polymer sensitizer for dye sensitized solar cells: significant efficiency enhancement (2012)

A simple two step strategy was developed to introduce carboxyl groups via Vilsmeier–Haack formylation on the commercially available conjugated polymer BEHP-co-MEH PPV followed by Knoevenagel condensation. Adsorption of the carboxyl-modified polymer onto TiO2 film and J–V curves were studied for the dye sensitized solar cell and compared with the base polymer BEHP-co-MEH PPV. Carboxyl-modification of BEHP-co-MEH PPV resulted in significant enhancement in the efficiency (3%), compared to the base polymer which showed an efficiency of only 0.3%. The details of the synthetic procedure, characterization and the photovoltaic property measurements are presented and discussed.
Cortical Specialization for Processing First- and Second-order Motion (2003)

Distinct mechanisms underlying the visual perception of luminance- (first-order) and contrast-defined (second-order) motion have been proposed from electrophysiological, human psychophysical and neurological studies; however a cortical specialization for these mechanisms has proven elusive. Here human brain imaging combined with psychophysical methods was used to assess cortical specializations for processing these two kinds of motion. A common stimulus construction was employed, controlling for differences in spatial and temporal properties, psychophysical performance and attention. Distinct cortical regions have been found preferentially processing either first- or second-order motion, both in occipital and parietal lobes, producing the first physiological evidence in humans to support evidence from psychophysical studies, brain lesion sites and computational models. These results provide evidence for the idea that first-order motion is computed in V1 and second-order motion in later occipital visual areas, and additionally suggest a functional dissociation between these two kinds of motion beyond the occipital lobe.
Inhibition of Gonadotropin Release in Chimpanzees by the LH-RH Antagonist (D-Phe2, D-Trp3, D-Phe6)-LH-RH (1979)

Thirty-five mg of the LH-RH antagonist (D-Phe6, D-Trp3, D-Phe6)-LH-RH inhibited the LH response of chimpanzees given 10 μg of LH-RH to 33% of the amount released by control animals. Seven mg of the same analog also attenuated the LH response, but the inhibition was not statistically significant. Neither dose level of the inhibitor significantly altered basal gonadotropin levels. These data indicate that LH-RH antagonists have at least an acute ability to diminish the response to exogenous releasing hormones without acutely affecting basal gonadotropin secretion. They further suggest that a non-human primate model may be used to test the efficacy of these compounds as potential contraceptive agents.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mediates melanocyte transformation via transactivation of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (2014)

Our laboratory previously described the oncogenic properties of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in melanocytes. mGluR1 transformed immortalized mouse melanocytes in vitro and induced vigorous tumor formation in vivo. Subsequently, we observed the activation of PI3K/AKT in mGluR1-mediated melanocytic tumorigenesis in vivo. In particular, we identified AKT2 being the predominant isoform contributing to the activation of AKT. Suppression of Grm1 or AKT2 using an inducible Tet-R siRNA system resulted in a 60 or 30% reduction, respectively, in in vivo tumorigenesis. We show that simultaneous downregulation of Grm1 plus AKT2 results in a reduction of approximately 80% in tumor volumes, suggesting that both mGluR1 and AKT2 contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype in vivo. The discrepancy between the mild in vitro transformation characteristics and the aggressive in vivo tumorigenic phenotypes of these stable mGluR1-melanocytic clones led us to investigate the possible involvement of other growth factors. Here, we highlight a potential crosstalk network between mGluR1 and tyrosine kinase, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R).
Characterization of Human Prostate Mast Cells and Their Increase in Periprostatic Vein Thrombosis (2001)

Recent data suggest that mast cells (MCs) and their products are involved in the pathophysiology of thrombosis. In the present study, we analyzed the number, distribution, and phenotype of prostate MCs and periprostatic MCs in patients with unilateral periprostatic vein thrombosis (PVT) by immunohistochemical analysis and electron microscopy. MCs reacted with monoclonal antibodies to tryptase, chymase, and c-kit/CD117 and stained positively for tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase receptor (uPAR/CD87) but did not express detectable urokinase (uPA) or plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1, PAI-2). We found an increase in the mean +/- SEM number of MCs in PVT compared with control (PVT, 14.36 +/- 1.57 vs control, 5.23 +/- 0.57/mm2). The majority of MCs accumulated in the adventitia of thrombosed veins and showed a decrease in chymase expression. As MCs increase in number in PVT and express a profibrinolytic phenotype, we hypothesize that MC-derived molecules have a role in endogenous fibrinolysis.
Gap Opening Controller Design to Accommodate Merges in Cooperative Autonomous Platoons (2020)

In this paper, a cooperative platoon-based gap opening controller is developed. The intended application is gap creation in cooperative platoons to accommodate merges with spatial restrictions. Therefore, the main objective is to execute the maneuver in a predefined time. The controller design is based on a regular cooperative adaptive cruise control algorithm with an additional feedforward term for a desired gap. Experimental validation of the controller is performed with small mobile robots. The proposed control strategy is capable of opening the gap in a predefined time. In future work, this strategy can be used in the design of a merging algorithm specifically for CACC platoons.
The comparative efficacy of percutaneous and surgical coronary revascularization in 2009: a review. (2009)

Medical, percutaneous, and surgical therapies for coronary atherosclerotic disease are developing rapidly, with many recent breakthroughs in metabolic control, improvements in catheter and stent engineering, and advances in surgical technique. Treatment guidelines are still in their infancy and do not take into account several of these recent innovations. Consequently, determining the most appropriate treatment for many patients remains challenging. In this review, we examine the most recent revascularization guidelines, discuss important new data and trials comparing contemporary stent technology and coronary artery bypass surgery, and conclude with updated revascularization recommendations.