gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creep Behavior of Compact γ′-γ″ Coprecipitation Strengthened IN718-Variant Superalloy (2021)

The development of high-temperature heavy-duty turbine disk materials is critical for improving the overall efficiency of combined cycle power plants. An alloy development strategy to this end involves superalloys strengthened by ‘compact’ γ′-γ″ coprecipitates. Compact morphology of coprecipitates consists of a cuboidal γ′ precipitate such that γ″ discs coat its six {001} faces. The present work is an attempt to investigate the microstructure and creep behavior of a fully aged alloy exhibiting compact coprecipitates. We conducted heat treatments, detailed microstructural characterization, and creep testing at 1200 °F (649 °C) on an IN718-variant alloy. Our results indicate that aged IN718-27 samples exhibit a relatively uniform distribution of compact coprecipitates, irrespective of the cooling rate. However, the alloy ruptured at low strains during creep tests at 1200 °F (649 °C). At 100 ksi (689 MPa) load, the alloy fails around 0.1% strain, and 75 ksi (517 MPa) loading causes rupture at 0.3% strain. We also report extensive intergranular failure in all the tested samples, which is attributed to cracking along grain boundary precipitates. The results suggest that while the compact coprecipitates are indeed thermally stable during thermomechanical processing, the microstructure of the alloy needs to be optimized for better creep strength and rupture life.
Three-dimensional histopathological reconstruction as a reliable ground truth for prostate cancer studies (2017)

To validate new imaging modalities for prostate cancer, images must be three-dimensionally correlated with the histological ground truth. In this work, an interpolation algorithm is described to construct a reliable three-dimensional reference from two-dimensional (2D) histological slices. Eight clinically relevant in silico phantoms were designed to represent difficult-to-reconstruct tumour structures. These phantoms were subjected to different slicing procedures. Additionally, controlled errors were added to investigate the impact of varying slicing distance, front-face orientation, and inter-slicemisalignment on the reconstruction performance. Using a radial-basis-function interpolation algorithm, the 2D data were reconstructed in three dimensions. Our results demonstrate that slice thicknesses up to 4 mm can be used to reliably reconstruct tumours of clinically significant size; the surfaces lay within a 1.5 mm 90%-error margin from each other and the volume difference between the original and reconstructed tumour structures does not exceed 10%. With these settings, Dice coefficients above 0.85 are obtained. The presented interpolation algorithm is able to reconstruct clinically significant tumour structures from 2D histology slices. Errors occurring are in the order of magnitude of common registration artefacts. The method's applicability to real histopathological data is also shown in two resected prostates. An inter-slice spacing of 4 mm or less is recommended during histopathology; the use of a 1.5 mm error margin along the tumour contours can then ensure reliable mapping of the ground truth
Pulmonary intravascular macrophages regulate the pathogenetic mechanisms of pulmonary lesions during acute courses of classical swine fever (2018)

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. Pulmonary oedema and haemorrhages in lung parenchyma are common lesions in the acute forms of CSF that may compromise pig survival and whose pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. The appearance of pulmonary lesions in pigs infected with Alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) euthanized between 2 and 17 days postinfection (dpi) and the role played by cytokines secreted by different pulmonary macrophage populations in the evolution of lesions was evaluated in this study. Microscopic changes of alveolar septal thickening along with oedema and haemorrhages became more severe at middle-late stages of the experiment. A significant increase in the number of pulmonary macrophages, mainly pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs), was observed coinciding with the onset of alveolar septal thickening from Day 4 pi. PIMs were the main target of CSFV from initial stages of infection while the presence of infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was scarce and late. Initial infection of PIMs induced phagocytic and biosynthetic activation with subsequent release of chemotactic cytokines. TNFα and, to a lesser extent, IL-1α secreted by PIMs were the major cytokines involved, while IL-6 played only a minor role. On the contrary, results suggested only a secondary role of PAMs as source of cytokines. The presence of vascular changes from Day 9 pi coincided with the highest levels of infected PIMs and the highest number of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreting PIMs. Activation and phagocytosis of platelets were observed in the lungs of infected pigs from early stages, also coinciding with the expression of cytokines with a proven procoagulant activity. The existence of intravascular coagulation phenomena in lung was ruled out.
An Integrated High-dexterity Cooperative Robotic Assistant for Intraocular Micromanipulation (2021)

Retinal surgeons are required to manipulate multiple surgical instruments in a confined intraocular space, while the instruments are constrained at the small incisions made on the sclera. Furthermore, physiological hand tremor can affect the precision of the instrument motion. The Steady-Hand Eye Robot (SHER), developed in our previous study, enables tremor-free tool manipulation by employing a cooperative control scheme whereby the surgeon and robot can co-manipulate the surgical instruments. Although SHER enables precise and tremor-free manipulation of surgical tools, its straight and rigid structure imposes certain limitations, as it can only approach a target on the retina from one direction. As a result, the instrument could potentially collide with the eye lens when attempting to access the anterior portion of the retina. In addition, it can be difficult to approach a target on the retina from a suitable direction when accessing its anterior portion for procedures such as vein cannulation or membrane peeling. Snake-like robots offer greater dexterity and allow access to a target on the retina from suitable directions, depending on the clinical task at hand. In this study, we present an integrated, high-dexterity, cooperative robotic assistant for intraocular micromanipulation. This robotic assistant comprises an improved integrated robotic intraocular snake (I2RIS) with a user interface (a tactile switch or joystick unit) for the manipulation of the snake-like distal end and the SHER, with a detachable end-effector to which the I2RIS can be attached. The integrated system was evaluated through a set of experiments wherein subjects were requested to touch or insert into randomly-assigned targets. The results indicate that the high-dexterity robotic assistant can touch or insert the tip into the same target from multiple directions, with no significant increase in task completion time for either user interface.
The anticodon is the signal sequence for mitochondrial import of glutamine tRNA in Tetrahymena. (1996)

The import of nuclear-encoded RNAs into mitochondria is required for proper mitochondrial function in most organisms. However, the mechanisms used to achieve RNA import are largely unknown. In particular, the RNA elements that direct import have not been identified in any organism. In Tetrahymena, only one of three nuclear-encoded glutamine accepting tRNAs is imported into mitochondria. We transform Tetrahymena with marked glutamine tRNAs and quantitate their level of accumulation in mitochondria. Of several isostructural nucleotide substitutions tested, alteration of the anticodon sequence uniquely abolishes import. Furthermore, substitution of a single anticodon nucleotide (UUA-->UUG) confers import on a normally nonimported glutamine tRNA. Thus, the anticodon functions as a mitochondrial localization signal and is both necessary and sufficient for tRNA import. Given the prior evidence that neither the cytoplasmic nor the mitochondrial glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase distinguishes between the imported and nonimported glutamine tRNAs with respect to aminoacylation, we propose that some mitochondrial import factor distinct from a synthetase recognizes the anticodon of the imported glutamine tRNA.
Electronic Tuning of Nickel‐Based Bis(dicarbollide) Redox Shuttles in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

Redox nach Belieben: Die Synthese einer Reihe neuer borfunktionalisierter NiIII/NiIV-Bis(dicarbollid)-Cluster führt zu einer Familie von robusten und justierbaren Redox-Shuttles. Dies bietet eine Möglichkeit zur gezielten Steuerung der Redoxeigenschaften farbstoffsensibilisierter Solarzellen, was in außergewöhnlich hohen Leerlaufspannungen resultierte. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inactivation of lipid‐enveloped and non‐lipid‐enveloped model viruses in normal human plasma by crosslinked starch‐iodine (1994)

Crosslinked starch-iodine may be useful in the inactivation of viruses in single-donor plasma units and in pooled human plasma before fractionation.
Injectable Porous Hydrogel for Soft Tissue Regeneration (2007)

Introduction Injectable hydrogels are potent biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their use enables non-invasive or minimally invasive surgery, and they can be shaped to correspond to target sites. In addition, hydrogels allow for homogeneous cell distribution and high permeability. To maximize the effectiveness of hydrogels, porous structure is often required to facilitate enhanced mass transfer of metabolites, thus leading to improved cell proliferation and tissue formation in vivo [1]. Based on our hypothesis that thermo-responsive gelatin can be used for pore generation in hydrogels [2], we investigated whether tissue formation could be enhanced by the use of human fibroblasts and gelatin microbead-embedded fibrin gels.
Secret-Key Agreement without Public-Key Cryptography (Extended Abstract) (1994)

In this paper, we describe novel approaches to secret-key agreement. Our schemes are not based on public-key cryptography nor number theory. They are extremely efficient implemented in software or make use of very simple uuexpeusive hardware. Our technology is particularly well-suited for use in cryptographic scenarios like those of the Clipper Chip, the recent encryption proposal put forward by the Clinton Administration.
Accelerated Rejection of Male Skin Isografts by Female G57BL Mice Infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (B.C.G.). (1962)

Accelerated rejection of male skin isografts by B.C.G. infected female C57 BL mice was demonstrated. Skin was grafted 2 weeks following intravenous or intracutaneous injection of 1 mg B.C.G. This accelerated rejection was compared to previously reported inhibition of tumor growth in B.C.G. infected mice. Whereas it is not known at what phase of the rejection mechanism B.C.G. exerts its influence, it now appears likely that increased resistance to the grafted tissue is in both instances mediated by a heightened immune response.
Oral drug repositioning candidates and synergistic remdesivir combinations for the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract The ongoing pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), necessitates strategies to identify prophylactic and therapeutic drug candidates for rapid clinical deployment. A high-throughput, high-content imaging assay of human HeLa cells expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 was used to screen ReFRAME, a best-in-class drug repurposing library. From nearly 12,000 compounds, we identified 66 compounds capable of selectively inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells. Twenty-four of these drugs show additive activity in combination with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor remdesivir and may afford increased in vivo efficacy. We also identified synergistic interaction of the nucleoside analog riboprine and a folate antagonist 10-deazaaminopterin with remdesivir. Overall, seven clinically approved drugs (halofantrine, amiodarone, nelfinavir, simeprevir, manidipine, ozanimod, osimertinib) and 19 compounds in other stages of development may have the potential to be repurposed as SARS-CoV-2 oral therapeutics based on their potency, pharmacokinetic and human safety profiles.
A Simple Mnemonic for Tautomerization Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry (2010)

The familiar word OREO (as in the cookie) is presented as a simple mnemonic for remembering the basic steps of the classical tautomerization mechanisms in organic chemistry. For acid-catalyzed tautomerizations, OREO stands for proton on, resonance, proton off. For base-catalyzed tautomerizations, OREO stands for proton off, resonance, proton on.
Metrics for Evaluating the Accuracy of Solar Power Forecasting (2013)

This presentation proposes a suite of metrics for evaluating the performance of solar power forecasting.
Complexation of hydroxylated ent‐kaurane diterpenoids with boric acid as an aid to the assignment of the 13C NMR spectra (1984)

Abstract The 13 C NMR spectra of some hydroxylated ent ‐kaurane diterpenoids were measured in CDCl 3 ‐Py‐d 5 (1:1) solution and also after addition of boric acid. Complexation of ent ‐3β,18‐, ent ‐7α,15β‐, ent ‐7α,15α‐, ent ‐15β,16β‐ and ent ‐16β,17‐dihydroxy derivatives with boric acid produced considerable chemical shift changes and marked broadening of the signals of the hydroxy‐bearing and neighbouring carbon atoms. This behaviour provides a useful and reliable method for assigning the 13 C NMR spectra of these compounds.
Human prefrontal lesions increase distractibility to irrelevant sensory inputs (1995)

Neurological patients with focal lesions in either the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal-parietal junction or the posterior hippocampus, and control subjects, were tested on a task requiring short-term retention of environmental sounds. Subjects had to indicate whether initial and subsequent test sounds were identical in two conditions. The initial and test sounds were separated by either a silent period varying from 4 to 12.6 s (no-distractor condition) or a series of irrelevant tones (distractor condition). Prefrontal patients were significantly impaired by distractors at all delays, hippocampal patients were impaired only at longer delays, while temporal-parietal patients performed similar to controls. The findings suggest that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is crucial for gating of distracting information during delay tasks.
Innate production of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor affects the risk of multiple sclerosis (2000)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) typically presents with a relapsing-remitting onset. This can be distinguished from primary progressive MS. Typical MS is characterized by a profound inflammatory reaction in which anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may play a pivotal role. We tested the hypothesis that patients with MS have a distinct innate cytokine production that contributes to the susceptibility for and outcome of MS. The innate cytokine production of patients was estimated as the average production of cytokines in lipopolysaccharide -stimulated whole-blood cultures of 2 to 5 first-degree healthy family members. A total of 126 family members of 50 patients with typical MS, 61 family members of 25 patients with primary progressive MS, and 129 control subjects of 54 families were enrolled in this study. We found that members of families with low IL-10 and high TNF production had a fourfold increased risk of developing typical MS compared with members of families with high IL-10 and low TNF production. Patients with MS were eightfold more likely to develop typical MS than primary progressive MS when they belonged to families with low IL-10 and high TNF production. The presence of human leukocyte antigen-DR2 was associated with MS but not with TNF production. This study shows that typical MS is associated with an innate pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in contrast to primary progressive MS.
Orthogonal digital waveform set for multidimensional signaling and multiuser communications with matched filter receivers (2005)

This paper proposes a design of digital waveform sets, which can be used as transmitter signature waveforms for multidimensional signaling and/or multiuser communications. The aim is to design a set of quasiorthogonal digital waveforms with prescribed specifications in time and frequency domains, optimized with respect to the given channels. It will be shown that the digital waveform set design problem can be formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. For bandwidth efficiency, all the digital waveforms in the set are designed in such a way that, the overall frequency response from each transmitter to the corresponding receiver has approximately the same desired spectral shape in a prescribed passband; To minimize intersymbol interference and cochannel interference, all the digital waveforms in the set are constrained to have low values of weighted (by the channel) autocorrelation at nonzero translates of multiple symbol interval and low values of weighted (by the channel) crosscorrelation at all translates of multiple symbol interval. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.
S-glutathionylation of Hsp90 enhances its degradation and correlates with favorable prognosis of breast cancer (2022)

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous chaperone to interact with numerous proteins to regulate multiple cellular processes, especially during cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Hsp90 exists in a high level in tumor cells and tissues, and thus serves as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in cancers. We herein report that Hsp90 is subjected to S-glutathionylation, a redox-dependent modification to form a disulfide bond between the tripeptide glutathione and cysteine residues of proteins, primarily at C366 and C412 in the presence of reactive oxygen species. The modification led to the loss of the ATPase activity. The level of Hsp90 was obviously reduced by S-glutathionylation, owing to C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP)-mediated ubiquitin proteasome system. S-glutathionylation of Hsp90 was found to crosstalk with its C-terminal phosphorylation of Hsp90 that impedes the binding of Hsp90 with CHIP, demonstrating the importance of chaperone code in modulating Hsp90 function. Further biophysical analyses indicated that S-glutathionylation caused structural change of Hsp90, underlying the aforementioned functional regulation. Moreover, in accordance with the analysis of 64 samples collected from patients of breast cancer, the expression level of Hsp90 inversely correlated with the glutathionylated status of Hsp90. The ratio of total expression to glutathionylated status of Hsp90 was coherent to expression of biomarkers in breast cancer sample, potentiating the prognostic value in the cancer treatment.
Standalone alignment technology enabling feed-forward compensation of on-product overlay errors (2019)

A standalone alignment technology was developed as a fundamental solution to improve on-product overlay (OPO). It enables high performance alignment measurements, and delivers state-of-the-art feed-forward corrections to exposure scanners. Dense alignment sampling and high order alignment correction is effective for scanner fingerprint matching and for correcting heavy distortion at a wafer edge. A mark asymmetry correction is detailed as effective solution which improves the OPO performance for heavily processed wafers. An OPO test result showed significant improvement using its feed-forward corrections. A high accuracy topography sensor is described as a new metrology innovation. The standalone alignment technology provides critical metrology tool functions such as process monitoring as well.
Imatinib mesylate, a new kid on the block for the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies-associated vasculitis? (2008)

Persistent T cell activation is a common finding in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis (AAV) patients. Because imatinib, a selective inhibitor of the ABL, ARG, PDGFR and c-KIT tyrosine kinases, inhibits T cell activation, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of imatinib for the treatment AAV patients refractory to conventional therapy. In particular, we investigated the inhibition of T cell activation by this drug and its efficacy on activated T cells from anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitides (AASV) patients. T cell stimulation has been induced by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies or by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin. T cell proliferation was analysed by tritiumthymidine incorporation. Cell cycle progression was determined by propidium iodide staining using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and by RNAse protection assay (RPA). Cytokine levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T cell proliferation was inhibited significantly by imatinib, due most probably to cell cycle arrest in the G1-phase. This was paralleled by inhibition in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 mRNA. The expression of CD25 in naive and memory T cells was decreased significantly by imatinib in activated T cells. Similarly, conversion from naive to memory T cells after T cell activation was impaired by imatinib. Imatinib did not influence interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production but increased interferon-gamma production. These observed effects of imatinib were similar in T cells from AASV patients and from healthy individuals. Imatinib might be an alternative therapeutical option for AASV patients refractory to conventional therapy.
Stroke Propensity Is Increased under Atrial Fibrillation Hemodynamics: A Simulation Study (2013)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained dysfunction in heart rhythm clinically and has been identified as an independent risk factor for stroke through formation and embolization of thrombi. AF is associated with reduced cardiac output and short and irregular cardiac cycle length. Although the effect of AF on cardiac hemodynamic parameters has been reported, it remains unclear how the hemodynamic perturbations affect the potential embolization of blood clots to the brain that can cause stroke. To understand stroke propensity in AF, we performed computer simulations to describe trajectories of blood clots subject to the aortic flow conditions that represent normal heart rhythm and AF. Quantitative assessment of stroke propensity by blood clot embolism was carried out for a range of clot properties (e.g., 2-6 mm in diameter and 0-0.8 m/s ejection speed) under normal and AF flow conditions. The simulations demonstrate that the trajectory of clot is significantly affected by clot properties as well as hemodynamic waveforms which lead to significant variations in stroke propensity. The predicted maximum difference in stroke propensity in the left common carotid artery was shown to be about 60% between the normal and AF flow conditions examined. The results suggest that the reduced cardiac output and cycle length induced by AF can significantly increase the incidence of carotid embolism. The present simulations motivate further studies on patient-specific risk assessment of stroke in AF.