gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the structure and composition of aortic valve calcific deposits. etiological aspects (2011)

The structures and chemical compositions of valve calcific deposits were investigated. The deposits was chosen arbitrarily and subjected to chemical analysis, observation with scanning microscope, semi-quantitative determination of Ca, Mg, Na, K, P and C elements by energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy carried out. These deposits were found to have non-uniform internal structures composed of layers of a structureless aspidinic inorganic material, substantial amounts of voluminous organic material and in a few samples small spheres were also present. Two groups of deposits with distinctly different chemical compositions were identified: one group with a low Ca/P molar ratio (1.59) and the other group with a high (1.82) Ca/P molar ratio. The deposits belonging to the group with a low Ca/P molar ratio contain higher concentration of magnesium and consist of increased amount of amorphous calcium phosphate. The deposits with a high Ca/P molar ratio contain low concentration of magnesium and consist predominantly of carbonated hydroxyapatite. The inorganic material was identified as a poorly crystalline carbonate hydroxyapatite containing molecular water of the average formula Ca9.1Mg0.4(Na,K)(PO4)5.8(CO3)0.3(OH)2. The actual chemical composition of the apatitic solid phase varies not only from deposit to deposit but also within the same deposit. The non-uniform internal structure of the deposits, the occasional presence of spherical particles and the variable point composition of the individual deposits indicate that their formation did not proceed under more or less constant conditions.
<title>Measuring frequency response of surface-micromachined resonators</title> (1997)

Resonator structures offer a unique mechanism for characterizing MEMS materials, but measuring the resonant frequency of microstructures is challenging. In this effort a network analyzer system was used to electrically characterize surface-micromachined resonator structures in a carefully controlled pressure and temperature environment.A microscope laser interferometer was used to confirm actual device deflections.Cantilever, comb, and piston resonators fabricated in the DARPA-sponsored MUMPs process were extensively tested. Measured resonator frequency results show reasonable agreement with analytic predictions computed using manufacturer measured film thickness and residual material stress. Alternatively the measured resonant frequency data can be used to extract materials data. Tuning of resonant frequency with DC bias was also investigated. Because the tested devices vary widely in complexity, form a simple cantilever beam to a comb resonator, the data collected is especially well suited for validation testing of MEMS modeling codes.
MULTIFUNCTIONAL (NOx/CO/O2) SOLID-STATE SENSORS FOR COAL COMBUSTION CONTROL (2005)

Sensing properties of a La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4}- and WO{sub 3}-based potentiometric NO{sub x} sensor were investigated both in N{sub 2} and in a simulated exhaust gas. We performed temperature programmed reaction (TPR) and desorption (TPD) experiments to determine the reaction and adsorption characteristics of O{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, CO, CO{sub 2}, and their mixtures on the electrodes, and related the results to sensor performance. The relative responses of the La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4}-based sensor under varied concentrations of NO, NO{sub 2}, CO, CO{sub 2} and O{sub 2} were studied. The results showed a very high sensitivity to CO and NO{sub 2} at 450 C in 3% O{sub 2}, whereas the response to O{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} gases was negligible. The NO response at 400-500 C agreed with the NO adsorption behavior. The high NO{sub 2} sensitivity at 450 C was probably related to heterogeneous catalytic activity of La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4}. The adsorption of NO was not affected by the change of O{sub 2} concentration and thus the sensor showed selective detection of NO over O{sub 2}. However, the NO sensitivity was strongly influenced by the existence of CO, H{sub 2}O, NO{sub 2}, and CO{sub 2}, as the adsorption behavior of NO was influenced by these gases. The WO{sub 3}-based sensor was able to selectively detect NO in the presence of CO{sub 2} in 3% O{sub 2} and at 650 C. The NO sensitivity, however, was affected by the variation of the NO{sub 2}, CO, and H{sub 2}O concentration. No gas-solid reactions were observed using TPR in the NO containing gas mixture, indicating that the NO response was not obtained by the conventionally accepted mixed-potential mechanism. At the same condition the sensor had high sensitivity to {approx}10 ppm NO{sub 2} and selectivity in the presence of CO, CO{sub 2}, and H{sub 2}O, showing it to be applicable to the monitoring of NO{sub 2}. Significantly different sensing properties of NO in simulated exhaust gas suggested the occurrence of gas composition change by the gas-phase and gas-solid reactions, and strong adsorption of water on the electrodes. The NO{sub 2} sensitivity in simulated exhaust gas was modified by O{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O, but not by CO and CO{sub 2}. A positive voltage response was obtained for NO{sub 2} but negative for NO at 650 C with the n-type semiconducting WO{sub 3}-based sensor. In contrast the opposite response direction for NO{sub x} was observed at 450 C with the La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4} (p-type semiconductor).
Stereoscopic imaging through scattering media (2006)

We develop and experimentally test a method for three-dimensional imaging of hidden objects in a scattering medium. In our scheme, objects hidden between two biological tissues at different depths from the viewing system are recovered, and their three-dimensional locations are computed. Analogous to a fly's two eyes, two microlens arrays are used to observe the hidden objects from different perspectives. At the output of each lens array we construct the objects from several sets of many speckled images with a previously suggested technique that uses a reference point. The differences of the reconstructed images in both arrays with respect to the reference point yield the information regarding the relative depth among the various objects.
Review of Heuristics: Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer Problem Solving (1987)

As a book about search, it is thorough, at the state of the art, and contains expositions that will delight the expert with their clarity and depth. However, it is not, per se, a book about AI (nor was it intended to be) or about the history, philosophy, or cognitive aspects of heuristic knowledge.
Fragmentation of the human transplantation antigen heavy chain by limited proteolysis, acid cleavage, and cyanogen bromide treatment (1979)

Highly purified, papain-solubilized HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens comprising a mixture of a great number of allelic forms from at least three loci have been fragmented by limited proteolysis, acid cleavage, and cyanogen bromide treatment. Limited proteolysis of 125I-labeled HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, and pepsin resulted in the production of two large fragments. One fragment was associated with beta 2-microglobulin and contained all of the carbohydrate. The other fragment, which had a molecular weight of about 13,000, is most probably derived from the COOH-terminal part of the heavy chain. Acid cleavage of the HLA antigen heavy chain gave rise to two main fragments with molecular weights of 22,000 and 11,000. Both fragments contained disulfide bonds. Two minor components, representing further cleavage products of the 22,000-dalton fragment, were also observed. Cleavage of the HLA antigen heavy chain at methionyl residues gave rise to one carbohydrate-containing, cysteine-free 14,000-dalton fragment and one 20,000-dalton fragment that contained all cysteines but no carbohydrate. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analyses demonstrated that the 22,000-dalton acid cleavage fragment and the 14,000-dalton cyanogen bromide fragment were derived from the NH2-terminal part of the HLA antigen heavy chain.
(Invited) Advances in SiC and GaN Power Device Development and Future Directions (2017)

As wide bandgap semiconductors, devices based on SiC and GaN represent critical next-generation medium voltage and high voltage power switch technology. SiC device technology has matured rapidly over the past two decades, owing to advances in substrate quality, a fundamental understanding of epitaxial growth to characterize defects and identify and eliminate performance-limiting defects such as basal plane dislocations, and device breakthroughs such as the junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diode and DMOSFET. While lateral GaN-based HEMT technology has been highly successful for RF power amplifiers and is well-positioned to supersede GaAs-based MMICs, advances in vertical power device technology has been limited due to the lack of high quality native substrates. As large area substrates have become available by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) and ammonothermal growth, several fundamental vertical power devices have recently been realized, including Schottky diodes with edge termination, trench MOSFETs, and CAVETs. However, significant fundamental materials challenges currently limit device performance, specifically the realization of repeatable thick drift layers with low background doping as well as a reliable selective area planar process for p-type doping. In this presentation, an overview of SiC and GaN device development at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory will be summarized, first looking at SiC devices including the development of novel materials characterization techniques to understand the role of defects on device performance, reliability and failure analysis of devices, including BPD kinetics in PiN and MPS diodes, and novel device designs including grayscale termination processes, temperature compensated PiN diodes, and hybrid Si/SiC modules. Recent developments in GaN vertical device technology will also be presented, including the development of an ion implanted p-type doping process and preliminary materials characterization to understand the relationship between substrate quality, epitaxial layer quality, and device performance. Future directions for GaN device development enabled by the availability of bulk substrates will also be discussed, including implications for lateral devices, novel lateral device designs, and fundamental materials work based on the lessons learned from SiC.
Development of the Base Station Controller and Manager in the CDMA Mobile System (1997)

The base station (BS) in the CDMA Mobile System (CMS) connects calls through the radio interface and is designed to provide mobile subscribers with high quality service in spite of mobile subscribers’ motions. The BS consists of multiple base station transceiver subsystems (BTSs), a base station controller (BSC) and a base station manager (BSM). This paper is concerned with the BSC and the BSM. The BSC is located between the BTSs and the mobile switching center (MSC) connected with the public network, and is responsible for controlling mobile calls from and to mobile subscribers via the BTSs. The BSM provides operator-interfaces per the BS and takes responsibility of operation and maintenance (OAM) of the BS. Design of the BSC is based on two module types: functional module and unit module. The functional module is used to support new services easily and the unit module to increase the system capacity economically. Both modular types are easily achieved by inserting the corresponding modules to the system. Particularly, in order to efficiently support the soft handover which is one of CDMA superior advantages, the BSC adopts a large high-speed packet switch connecting up to 512 BTSs, and thus mobile subscribers can be provided with soft handover in high probability. The BSM is based on a commercial workstation to support OAM functions efficiently and guarantee high reliability of the functions. The BSM uses graphical user interface (GUI) for efficient OAM functions of the BS.
Computational Parameterization Simplicity and Filtering of Data-Driven Inverse Analysis for Heat Deposition Processes (2006)

This paper underscores two important computational aspects associated with algorithms for data-driven inverse analysis and characterization of heat deposition processes. The first involves the fact that the mathematical foundation of these algorithms suggests that a very large class of temperature fields, associated with different types of heat deposition processes and different domain geometries can be represented parametrically by a relatively small set of functions. They include linear combinations of solutions to the heat conduction equation. Issues concerning the use of algorithms based on different types of parametric representations related to different types of heat deposition processes are discussed. A prototype analysis is presented to demonstrate many characteristics of these algorithms that are significant for their practical application. The second aspect relates to the filtering property of inversion itself due to the nature of the kernel function involved with the description of the heat source. Both of these aspects are crucially beneficial to developing methodologies that effect the real-time dynamic data-driven production parameter adjustments of manufacturing processes involving heat deposition.
<title>Screening closing scenarios for tactical targets</title> (2002)

The first step in an automatic image target acquisition system is determining the location of candidate objects. Screening for targets must also be done within a tactical scenario timeframe. The screening process must only require a portion of the processing workload since other algorithms must execute in the same time frame. The detection of these candidate objects is allocated to two functions within the same algorithm. The first is a pre-screener and other is a clutter rejection component that will categorize the object nomination into target or non-target classes. This paper describes a screener that meets the necessary requirements for tactical operations. It uses the magnitude and direction of the image gradient. Locations are nominated by looking at local neighborhoods in this gradient space. Regions of interest are then selected and various features are extracted. These features are selected both for their information content and their ease of calculation. Using a Bayes approach, target candidates are selected as plausible targets of interest.
Construction of Insulin 18‐mer Nanoassemblies Driven by Coordination to Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Ions at Distinct Sites (2016)

Abstract Controlled self‐assembly (SA) of proteins offers the possibility to tune their properties or to create new materials. Herein, we present the synthesis of a modified human insulin (HI) with two distinct metal‐ion binding sites, one native, the other abiotic, enabling hierarchical SA through coordination with two different metal ions. Selective attachment of an abiotic 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) ligand to HI, yielding HI–bipy, enabled Zn II ‐binding hexamers to SA into trimers of hexamers, [[HI–bipy] 6 ] 3 , driven by octahedral coordination to a Fe II ion. The structures were studied in solution by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and on surfaces with AFM. The abiotic metal ligand had a higher affinity for Fe II than Zn II ions, enabling control of the hexamer formation with Zn II and the formation of trimers of hexamers with Fe II ions. This precise control of protein SA to give oligomers of oligomers provides nanoscale structures with potential applications in nanomedicine.
Rheological properties of concentrated aqueous silica suspensions: Effects of pH and ions content (2003)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Saeid Savarmand, Pierre J. Carreau, François Bertrand, David J.-E. Vidal, Michel Moan; Rheological properties of concentrated aqueous silica suspensions: Effects of pH and ions content. Journal of Rheology 1 September 2003; 47 (5): 1133–1149. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1603237 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Investigation of layered and porous nanomaterials by electron diffraction tomography (2017)

Crystal structure solution using automated electron diffraction tomography [1] (ADT) is nowadays an accepted method for deriving full 3D structure information at atomic resolution from a nanocrystalline material. Crystals with special structural features like twinning, super-structural effects or pseudo-symmetry could be solved ab-initio with ADT. In case of a reduced periodicity in the lattice due to electron radiation damage, disorder or stress/strain effects the intensities are more and more difficult or impossible to derive from diffraction patterns. Uncertainties in the intensity extraction allow often the detection of the major structure but cause problems for detailed structural insights being especially important for materials physical properties. Currently, we aim for a more detailed description of nanomaterial structures, including non-periodic effects through a combination of different methods like TEM imaging, ADT and structure simulation and modelling. ADT data can be directly used for an ab-initio structure solution of the average structure. Disorder and distortion or intergrown phases are simulated using the DISCUS software package [2] through accurate analysis of the structure's variance. The results are compared to TEM holograms [3] reconstructed from focal series. In such a way, the intergrown polymorphs A and B of Zeolite beta could be solved ab-initio from one single ADT dataset by integrating the relative reflection intensities with two distinct lattices. The disorder type was identified by exit wave reconstruction and confirmed by DISCUS simulations. The application of this approach was used to solve the non-periodic structure of RUB-5, revealing an unknown zeolite framework, as well as of its precursor RUB-6. A further successful method combination used to determine the H / Li substructure of poly (triazinimide) / LiCl was to combine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and the analysis of X-ray total scattering (PDF) with ADT results. This sample with incorporated lithium chloride recently attracted substantial attention due to its photocatalytic activity for water splitting. In addition to the known major structure, electron diffraction tomography revealed the positions of the Li atoms and a symmetry reduction. NMR simulations added information about the protonation of the channels and the PDF analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data, simulated with DISCUS, proposed a long-range modulation of the layers. The 3D atomic structure of different compounds forming highly distorted and disordered nanoparticles could be successfully described by combining ADT, layer shift simulations, TEM imaging and further techniques.
Eyelid Palpebral Springs in Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Area of Possible Concern (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Although most patients with seventh nerve palsies can be successfully treated with conservative therapy, some patients will require additional protection from exposure keratopathy. Placement of a palpebral spring in the affected upper eyelid is sometimes performed in these selected patients to provide needed functional and cosmetic improvement.<sup>1,2</sup>Acoustic neuroma resection is a frequent cause of the seventh nerve palsies seen in our referral center practice. These patients undergo periodic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to monitor for tumor recurrence. In light of this, we became concerned that placement of a stainless steel spring in the upper eyelid could potentially be dangerous in patients requiring periodic MRI scans, given the strong magnetic fields involved. A 0.3-mm stainless steel, round, orthodontic wire (Unitek Corp, Monrovia, Calif) is the currently preferred wire for these springs.<sup>3</sup>The wire is available as 302, 304, and 316 stainless steel. The composition
Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Ventricular Arrhythmias Arising from the Aortic Mitral Continuity—Potential Role of the Conduction System (2014)

Local EGM characteristics and relative activation time of the His bundle suggest the possibility of conduction tissue as the origin for VA arising from the fibrous AMC. Specific identification and targeting of PPs when ablating VAs at this location may improve procedural success.
Design and rationale for the Stimulation Of the Left Ventricular Endocardium for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in non-responders and previously untreatable patients (SOLVE-CRT) trial (2019)

SOLVE-CRT will quantify the safety and effectiveness of wireless CRT in non-responders to conventional CRT and indicated patients who have been unable to receive CRT via the usual transvenous approach.