gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ignition Processes at Combustors for Aero Engines at High Altitude Conditions With and Without Effusion Cooling (2020)

Abstract The ability to re-ignite at high altitude after a flameout event is critical for flight safety. One reason that makes the relight process of the engine difficult is the low temperature and pressure, which leads to poor atomization, low degree of evaporation and slow reaction rate of the vaporized fuel. For this research work a rectangular, one sector RQL combustion chamber was utilized for experimental investigations at high altitude conditions. The design of the chamber is modular so that experiments for two configurations, i.e. without and with effusion cooling holes can be conducted. The fuel injection and the ignition system are representative of the ones used in commercial aviation. The investigations were performed in the frame of the European research project SOPRANO at the ISCAR rig. The ISCAR rig is capable of generating low pressure and temperature conditions for flowing kerosene-air mixtures. The investigation focuses on the characterization of the ignition process, in terms of probability, minimum fuel to air ratio (FAR) and ignition timing for a successful ignition event. In addition, the unsteady flame kernel generation and propagation were analyzed by high-speed imaging recording. An in-house image processing code was developed in order to derive quantitative spatial information of the flame and overall trends among ignition sequences for the same or different operating conditions. In order to achieve comparability between the investigated configurations (liners without and with effusion cooling), the pressure drop across the nozzle and the liners was the same depending on the operating condition. Results show that both pressure and temperature affect the ignition process, with the former being the dominant parameter in the investigated conditions. In both configurations, the minimum FAR increased as long as the conditions in the chamber became more adverse, indicating that at high altitude low-pressure situations, the performance of the airblast atomizer deteriorated causing poor ignition. This is overcome by creating a richer fuel-air mixture in the primary zone. Finally, the air injected through the effusion cooling holes near the spark seems to create favorable conditions for the ignition process.
Medtech Design in Interdisciplinary Clinical Innovation Teams (2009)

Interdisciplinary settings have been highlighted for creative user-close development of products and services. Similarly, user involvement in the actual design process has been presented as a way to make attractive products that will earn market shares. But will an interdisciplinary setting in itself generate the beneficial spin-offs we expect? Will including the end-user on the development team ensure better products that are more successful on the market? A study has been set up to create a work model for Clinical Innovation Teams (CIT) at the Sister Kenny Research Center in Minneapolis, MN, to facilitate the research and development process, and provide guidance to work in a creative and innovative way around rehabilitation technology development. The CITs consist of clinicians, such as nurses, occupational therapists, physical therapists, physicians, engineers and engineering students, and in some cases patients. The CITs combine the interdisciplinary setting and end-user involvement with a custom work-model. The work-model emphasizes the strengths of the teams and provides tools to overcome the obstacles and challenges that these kind of teams face. The technological depth and clinical experience is combined with a structured project work-model. The teams work interdisciplinary by pairing research with actual patient needs to develop rehabilitation technology and medical devices to address those needs. The first tool in the work model is an Innovation Handbook for development projects at the Sister Kenny Research Center, especially written for this specific setting. The second tool is a report with recommendations to the management on how to create a work environment where innovation can occur and where creative ideas are welcome, as well as how to engage clinicians into research. The report also addresses aspects of workplace design, recommendations on how to deal with uncertainties that come when moving between clinical care and research and ideas of how to ensure quality of care and maintain productivity when clinicians engage in research activities. The third tool in the work model is a schematic illustration of how the important elements of innovation management is paired with the design process, and how a project will benefit from good management and where it will suffer from insufficient support. This project has been supported by the City of Minneapolis, the Sister Kenny Research Center and the Product Innovation Engineering Program of Sweden (PIEp). Corresponding author: L. Oddsson; e-mail: lars.oddsson@allina.com
Asymptotic Analysis of the Amount of CSI Feedback in MIMO Broadcast Channels (2012)

In this paper, we consider a downlink communication system in which a base station (BS) equipped with M antennas and power constraint P communicates with N users each equipped with K receive antennas. It is assumed that the users have perfect channel state information (CSI) of their own channels, while the BS only knows the partial CSI provided by the receivers via a feedback channel. We study the fundamental limits on the amount of feedback required at the BS to achieve the sum-rate capacity of the system (when BS has perfect CSI for all users) in the asymptotic case of N →∞, considering various signal to noise ratio (SNR) regimes. The main results of this paper can be expressed as follows. 1) In the fixed-SNR regime (where the SNR does not scale with N) and low-SNR regime (where the SNR is much smaller than 1/In(N) ), to achieve the (1 - ε)-portion of the sum-rate capacity, the total amount of feedback should scale at least with (ε <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ). In the fixed-SNR regime, to reduce the gap between the achievable sum rate and the sum-rate capacity of the system (which is defined as the sum-rate gap) to zero, the amount of feedback should scale at least logarithmically with the sum-rate capacity, which is achievable by using the random beam-forming (RBF) scheme proposed by Sharif and Hassibi. In the low-SNR regime, we propose an opportunistic beam-forming (OBF) scheme, which is shown to be asymptotically feedback optimal. 2) In the high-SNR regime (where the SNR grows to infinity as N → ∞), the total amount of feedback depends on the number of receive antennas. In particular, to reduce the sum-rate gap to zero in the case of K <; M, the amount of feedback in the SNR regime of In(P)/In(N) >; 1/M - 1, should scale at least logarithmically with the SNR. In the case of K ≥ M , the amount of feedback does not need to scale with the SNR. Moreover, we show that RBF is asymptotically feedback optimal in the high-SNR regime.
pH‐Sensitive Chitosan‐based Hydrogel Nanoparticles through Miniemulsion Polymerization Mediated by Peroxide Containing Macromonomer (2014)

New type of hydrogel nanoparticles (HNp) based on chitosan are synthesized by the free radical graft-copolymerization reaction of peroxide containing chitosan derivative and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) in the inverse miniemulsion droplets. Free radicals are formed upon thermal decomposition of the peroxide groups that are attached to the chitosan chain. After introduction of the cross-linker N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, more densely cross-linked HNp with a lower pH-dependant swelling rate are produced. The release behavior is investigated by fluorescence measurements using HNp loaded with either anionic sulforhodamine 101 or cationic rhodamine 123 fluorescent dye. The obtained results revealed that the crucial points in the release kinetic are the nature of used "payload" molecules and their interaction with the hydrogel matrix. Synthesized HNp are of potential interest for diverse biomedical applications including controlled drug release and diagnostic.
Decisive Data using Multi-Modality Optical Sensors for Advanced Vehicular Systems (2023)

Optical sensors have played pivotal role in acquiring real world data for critical applications. This<br> data when integrated with advanced machine learning algorithms provides meaningful information thus<br> enhancing human vision. This paper focuses on various optical technologies for design and development<br> of state-of-the-art out-cabin forward vision systems and in-cabin driver monitoring systems. The focused<br> optical sensors include LongWave Thermal Imaging (LWIR) cameras, Near Infrared (NIR), Neuromorphic/<br> event cameras, Visible CMOS cameras and Depth cameras. Further the paper discusses different potential<br> applications which can be employed using the unique strengths of each these optical modalities in real time<br> environment.
Reconstruction of brachytherapy seed positions and orientations from cone‐beam CT x‐ray projections via a novel iterative forward projection matching method (2010)

This work describes a novel, accurate, and completely automatic method for reconstructing seed orientations, as well as centroids, from a small number of radiographic projections, in support of intraoperative planning and adaptive replanning. Unlike standard back-projection methods, gIFPM avoids the need to match corresponding seed images on the projections. This algorithm also successfully reconstructs overlapping clustered and highly migrated seeds in the implant. The accuracy of better than 1 mm and 6 degrees demonstrates that gIFPM has the potential to support 2D Task Group 43 calculations in clinical practice.
Evaluation of the annual killifish Nothobranchius guentheri as a tool for rapid acute toxicity screening (1999)

This study evaluated the use of Nothobranchius guentheri as a novel organism for rapid acute toxicity screening. A major advantage of the species is that there is no need to maintain a continuous culture to have organisms immediately available for testing. Rather, the embryos are viable under long-term storage conditions and can be hatched within a few hours. The tests require only 24 h with standard laboratory equipment. Sensitivity levels for 11 representative toxicants were comparable to those reported for five of the standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency test species requiring continuous culture.
Mechanochemically assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Sn-substituted MFI-type silicates (2018)

Substitution of Al atoms in a zeolite framework by catalytic metal atoms has attracted considerable attention because the catalytic behavior can be tuned by the substituted atoms. In the present study, Sn-substituted MFI-type silicates were synthesized using a hydrothermal reaction of an amorphous Si-O-Sn precursor prepared by mechanochemical grinding of SiO<sub>2</sub> and Sn(OH)<sub>4</sub>. The mechanochemical treatment was found to be a key technique for obtaining the amorphous Si-O-Sn precursor, where tetrahedral Sn<sup>4+</sup> species were incorporated into the amorphous matrix. The Sn content in the framework of the MFI-type silicates was successfully controlled by the initial HCl/Si molar ratio of the hydrothermal procedures. Optical reflectance measurements revealed that the Sn<sup>4+</sup> ions were dispersedly incorporated into the silicate framework while preserving the initial tetrahedrally coordinated species. Infrared results imply that the resulting Sn-substituted MFI-type silicate has Brønsted acid character. Precise control of the Brønsted and Lewis acid properties by Sn doping is a promising approach to the development of novel types of zeolite-based catalytic materials.
High-Mobility Holes in Dual-Gated WSe2 Field-Effect Transistors (2015)

We demonstrate dual-gated p-type field-effect transistors (FETs) based on few-layer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) using high work-function platinum source/drain contacts and a hexagonal boron nitride top-gate dielectric. A device topology with contacts underneath the WSe2 results in p-FETs with ION/IOFF ratios exceeding 10(7) and contacts that remain ohmic down to cryogenic temperatures. The output characteristics show current saturation and gate tunable negative differential resistance. The devices show intrinsic hole mobilities around 140 cm(2)/(V s) at room temperature and approaching 4000 cm(2)/(V s) at 2 K. Temperature-dependent transport measurements show a metal-insulator transition, with an insulating phase at low densities and a metallic phase at high densities. The mobility shows a strong temperature dependence consistent with phonon scattering, and saturates at low temperatures, possibly limited by Coulomb scattering or defects.
N-Glycan structures and N-glycosylation sites of mouse soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 revealed by MALDI-TOF and FTICR mass spectrometry (2006)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a heavily N-glycosylated transmembrane protein comprising five extracellular Ig-like domains. The soluble isoform of ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), consisting of its extracellular part, is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe brain trauma. In mouse astrocytes, recombinant mouse sICAM-1 induces the production of the CXC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). MIP-2 induction is glycosylation dependent, as it is strongly enhanced when sICAM-1 carries sialylated, complex-type N-glycans as synthesized by wild-type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The present study was aimed at elucidating the N-glycosylation of mouse sICAM-1 expressed in wild-type CHO cells with regard to sialylation, N-glycan profile, and N-glycosylation sites. Ion-exchange chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) of the released N-glycans showed that sICAM-1 mostly carried di- and trisialylated complex-type N-glycans with or without one fucose. In some sialylated N-glycans, one N-acetylneuraminic acid was replaced by N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and approximately 4% carried a higher number of sialic acid residues than of antennae. The N-glycosylation sites of mouse sICAM-1 were analyzed by MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)-MS and nanoLC-ESI-FTICR-MS of tryptic digests of mouse sICAM-1 expressed in the Lec1 mutant of CHO cells. All nine consensus sequences for N-glycosylation were found to be glycosylated. These results show that the N-glycans that enhance the MIP-2-inducing activity of mouse sICAM-1 are mostly di- and trisialylated complex-type N-glycans including a small fraction carrying more sialic acid residues than antennae and that the nine N-glycosylation sites of mouse sICAM-1 are all glycosylated.
A Hardware-Assisted Visibility-Ordering Algorithm With Applications To Volume Rendering (2001)

We propose a hardware-assisted visibility ordering algorithm. From a given viewpoint, a (back-to-front) visibility ordering of a set of objects is a partial order on the objects such that if object A obstructs object B, then B precedes A in the ordering. Such orderings are useful because they are the building blocks of other rendering algorithms such as direct volume rendering of unstructured grids. The traditional way to compute the visibility order is to build a set of visibility relations (e.g., B &lt; p A), and then run a topological sort on the set of relations to actually get the partial ordering. Our technique instead works by assigning a layer number to each primitive, which directly determines the visibility ordering. Objects that have the same layer number are independent, and have no obstruction between each other. We use a simple technique which exploits a combination of the z- and stencil buffers to compute the layer number of each primitive. One application of our technique is to obtain a fast unstructured volume rendering algorithm. In this paper, we present our technique and its implementation in OpenGL. We also discuss its performance and some optimizations on some recent graphics hardware architectures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐cis‐Phenyl‐L‐proline via Hydrogenolysis. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Availability Benefit of Future Dual Frequency GPS Avionics under Strong Ionospheric Scintillation (2009)

ABSTRACT A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver may lose carrier tracking lock to the GPS signal under deep and frequent fades due to ionospheric scintillation. The frequent loss of lock observed during a strong scintillation period from the past solar maximum can significantly reduce GPS aviation availability. However, the frequency diversity (L1 and L5 frequencies) from the future GPS is expected to mitigate scintillation impact on GPS aviation. In order to assess its mitigation effectiveness, we propose a way to generate correlated fading processes based on our definition of a correlation coefficient between fading channels. Using the correlated fading process model that we propose, navigation availability of Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance (LPV)-200 during severe scintillation is parametrically studied. We then present results showing that high navigation availability is attainable if a receiver reacquires the lost channel within 1 or 2 seconds. Based on this result, we propose a new performance requirement for the future dual frequency GPS aviation receiver performance standards to guarantee high navigation availability during strong scintillation.
Measurement of the Zak phase of photonic bands through the interface states of a metasurface/photonic crystal (2016)

The Zak phase labels the topological property of one-dimensional Bloch bands. Here we propose a scheme and experimentally measure the Zak phase in a photonic system. The Zak phase of a bulk band is related to the topological properties of the two band gaps sandwiching this band, which in turn can be inferred from the existence or absence of an interface state. Using a reflection spectrum measurement, we determined the existence of interface states in the gaps and then obtained the Zak phases. The knowledge of Zak phases can also help us predict the existence of interface states between a metasurface and a photonic crystal. By manipulating the property of the metasurface, we can further tune the excitation frequency and the polarization of the interface state.
Mission possible: A failure mode and effect analysis of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (2007)

In its report pertaining to the performance of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) during Hurricane Katrina, the US Senate recommended replacing FEMA with a bigger and better organization. Instead of replacing FEMA as a whole, an attempt should be made to scientifically identify and correct any significant gaps within the organizational and operational structure of FEMA based on FEMA’s current mission requirements under the National Response Plan. This article demonstrates the use of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methodology for identification, analysis, measurement, and prioritization of the systemic root causes for FEMA’s inadequate mission performance during disasters of Katrina’s magnitude. The article also provides suggestions for the most effective corrective action models for the top five high-risk functions at FEMA identified and prioritized using FMEA.
The trench insulated gate bipolar transistor a high power switching device (2002)

This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical study of the Trench Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (TEGBT). Specific physical and geometrical effects, such as the accumulation layer injection, increased channel density, increased channel charge and transversal electric field modulation are discussed. The potential advantages of the trench IGBT over its conventional planar variant are highlighted. It is concluded that the trench IGBT is one of the most promising structures in the area of high voltage MOS-controllable switching devices.
A Systematic Approach to Transcriptional Regulator Function Discovery: Function Discovery for Bxe_B3018 (2012)

Transcriptional Regulators (TR) regulate and control the physiological processes that dictate phenotypic traits. Regulation occurs in response to stimuli, this response manifests itself in the binding of a effector molecule by the TR. Function prediction and possible effector library formulation are key factors in the discovery of the biological function of TR. Potential effectors are predicted by the identification of functional patterns within the proteins found in the genomic proximity of the TR of interest. These patterns can suggest involvement of the TR on the regulation of specific metabolic pathways. Utilizing Frontal Affinity Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry detection (FAC‐MS), Anisotropy and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay we have developed a systematic approach for the screening, characterization and validation of small‐molecules that may modulate TR binding to DNA operator sequences (DOS). Utilizing this approach, we have predicted the metabolic pathway regulated by the previously unknown function TRs Bxe_3018 from Burkholderia xenovorans. Aminoacetone disrupts the affinity of Bxe_B3018 for its DOS (5’‐AGAANNNNNNTTCT‐3’). These findings validate the effectiveness of our systematic approach to TRE discovery and open the door to a new era of protein function discovery and greater understanding of metabolic regulation. This work was supported by the LDRD program at LANL.
Signal Processing Exercises (2013)

This book provides signal processing exercises and can with advantage be used together with the text book Signal Processing by Fredrik Gustafsson, Lennart Ljung and Mille Millnert. The chapters of the books are aligned, which means that there are matching exercises to each theory chapter. The first part of the book treats classical digital signal processing based on transforms and filters, while model based digital processing is in focus in the second part. Some exercises are more theoretical and solved by hand, while others are intended for Matlab on a computer. The book material is inspired by real problems, and so are the exercises. This is emphasized by the use of data sets, both simulated and real. Most exercises have complete solutions, and a section with hints provides guidance to some exercises. Selected exercises also result in a Matlab function corresponding to specific signal processing algorithms. These functions are used to solve other exercises. Thereby, the reader gradually build up a signal processing toolbox during the studies of the material. The book homepage contains more information and links to access the matlab functions, data sets and examples used in the book. Main book Signal Processing
Competitive paging with locality of reference (1991)

while more practical than worst-case analysis. With these definitions, Sleator and Tarjan showed that no deterministic on-line paging algorithm can achieve a competitiveness less than k, and that a number of algorithms used in practice (including Least Recently Used or LRU and First-In First-Out or FIFO) are kcompetitive and thus optimal by this measure.