gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Area and Local Curvature: Why Roughness Improves the Bioactivity of Neural Implants (2022)

While roughening the surface of neural implants has been shown to significantly improve their performance, the mechanism for this improvement is not understood, preventing systematic optimization of surfaces. Specifically, prior work has shown that the cellular response to a surface can be significantly enhanced by coating the implant surface with inorganic nanoparticles and neuroadhesion protein L1, and this improvement occurs even when the surface chemistry is identical between the nanoparticle-coated and uncoated electrodes, suggesting the critical importance of surface topography. Here, we use transmission electron microscopy to characterize the topography of bare and nanoparticle-coated implants across 7 orders of magnitude in size, from the device scale to the atomic scale. The results reveal multiscale roughness, which cannot be adequately described using conventional roughness parameters. Indeed, the topography is nearly identical between the two samples at the smallest scales and also at the largest scales but vastly different in the intermediate scales, especially in the range of 5-100 nm. Using a multiscale topography analysis, we show that the coating causes a 76% increase in the available surface area for contact and an order-of-magnitude increase in local surface curvature at characteristic sizes corresponding to specific biological structures. These are correlated with a 75% increase in bound proteins on the surface and a 134% increase in neurite outgrowth. The present investigation presents a framework for analyzing the scale-dependent topography of medical device-relevant surfaces, and suggests the most critical size scales that determine the biological response to implanted materials.
Reply by Authors (2021)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Mar 2022Reply by Authorsis a reply to letterEditorial Comment Kathleen M. Kan, Amy L. Tin, Gillian L. Stearns, James A. Eastham, Daniel D. Sjoberg, and Jaspreet S. Sandhu Kathleen M. KanKathleen M. Kan Stanford University, Palo Alto, California More articles by this author , Amy L. TinAmy L. Tin Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Gillian L. StearnsGillian L. Stearns Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina Financial interest and/or other relationship with OMNI Medical Systems. More articles by this author , James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , Daniel D. SjobergDaniel D. Sjoberg Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author , and Jaspreet S. SandhuJaspreet S. Sandhu †Correspondence: Department of Surgery/Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10065 telephone: 646-422-4399; E-mail Address: [email protected] Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002312.02AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Reply by Authors." The Journal of Urology, 207(3), p. 608 © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesJournal of Urology8 Dec 2021Editorial Comment Volume 207Issue 3March 2022Page: 608-608 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kathleen M. Kan Stanford University, Palo Alto, California More articles by this author Amy L. Tin Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Gillian L. Stearns Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina Financial interest and/or other relationship with OMNI Medical Systems. More articles by this author James A. Eastham Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Daniel D. Sjoberg Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York More articles by this author Jaspreet S. Sandhu Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York †Correspondence: Department of Surgery/Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, New York 10065 telephone: 646-422-4399; E-mail Address: [email protected] More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Analysis of the Dependence of the Viewing Zones on the Display Radius in Autostereoscopic 2 View Displays of Horizontally Concave Surface (2016)

In autostereoscopic display, ray trajectories through the optic element such as the parallax barrier or the lenticular lens are affected by the radius of horizontally concave display. Using the intersection of the calculated trajectories of the rays coming from the various positions of the autostereoscopic 2 view display of the curved surface, the viewing zones and area of the incomplete separation of the images for the left and right eyes were investigated. The area of incomplete separation of the images for the left and right eyes related to the triangular areas defined by three chief rays coming from the left edge, center, and the right edge. These triangular areas for the curved surface was smaller than those for the flat surface and showed the tendency of the decrease as the ratio of the radius of the curved and the designed viewing distance approached 1/2.
A Formal and Computational Characterization of Pragmatic Infelicities. (1996)

. We study the logical properties that characterize pragmatic inferences and we show that classical understanding of notions such as entailment and defeasibility is not enough if one wants to explain infelicities that occur when a pragmatic inference is cancelled. We show that infelicities can be detected if a special kind of inference is considered, namely infelicitously defeasible inference. We also show how one can use stratified logic, a linguistically motivated formalism that accommodates indefeasible, infelicitously defeasible, and felicitously defeasible inferences, to reason about pragmatic inferences and detect infelicities associated with utterances. The formalism yields an algorithm for detecting infelicities, which has been implemented in Lisp. 1 Introduction Consider the following utterances: (1) John bought a new car but I don&amp;apos;t believe that he did. (2) Jane has three exams this term --- in fact, twentyfour. (3) Ed went to the airport and flew to California, but he...
Decision letter: Flexible nitrogen utilisation by the metabolic generalist pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2018)

Metabolomics and stable isotope labelling studies of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal a de-centralised metabolic network able to utilise various amino acids as nitrogen sources to a better extent than ammonium.
Tick-borne virus detection in Caribbean ticks using NGS and high-throughput microfluidic real-time PCR (DOMOTICK Project) (2018)

Background Among hematophagous arthropods, ticks transmit the greater variety of pathogens of public health and veterinary importance whose (re)-emergence is recognized worldwide. Whereas the main human and animal tick-borne pathogens are well characterized in the Northern hemisphere, very few is known concerning the diversity of tick species and tick-borne pathogens circulating within the Neo-tropical zone of the Americas, especially concerning the Caribbean area. Methods We previously reported on the results of the DOMOTICK project con-cerning the detection of tick-borne pathogens in individual Carib-bean ticks by using a combination of NGS and high-throughput microfluidic real-time PCRs using Taqman probes (BioMarkTM dy-namic arrays, Fluidigm Corporation). Here, we focus on interesting viruses detected in these ticks. Total RNA extracted from 588 ticks collected in Guadeloupe and Martinique (Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus microplus) were sequenced by Illumina HIseq. Results Of 27,544 contigs generated, 1% matched with virus sequences avail-able in GenBank of which 74% aligned with known tick-borne viruses. Out of these tick-borne viruses, four were of particular interest, re-lated to viruses only described once in China in 2015. We detected one novel chuvirus, a circular RNA virus of 11,177 bases with 3 ORFs, with 55.6% of identity with the previously described Changping Tick virus. We also detected a new genotype of another chuvirus with 94.3% of identity with the Wuhan Tick virus, a circular RNA virus of 11,395 bases with 3 ORFs. The third interesting virus is a new geno-type of the phlebovirus Lihan tick virus with 95 and 97% of identify on the S and L segments, respectively. The last virus detected is a four RNA-segmented new Jingmenvirus with 80% of identity with the original Jingmen tick virus and Mogiana tick virus. By using the BioMarkTM dynamic arrays, we were able to determine the preva-lence of these four viruses in individual ticks from Guadeloupe and Martinique. Overall, the fours viruses were found in both tick species, but the new Changping-like virus was preferentially found in the Amblyomma ticks whereas the three others were preferentially found in the Rhipicephalus ticks. The prevalence of the viruses in Guadeloupe and Martinique did not show any bias in terms of geo-graphical distribution. Conclusion The next steps of these studies will consist in assessing the veteri-nary and public health risks associated with these four new tick-borne viruses and trying to cultivate some of these viruses for better characterization.
Sensory Effect Metadata for SMMD Media Service (2009)

Although realistic experiences have been achieved via the devices such as 3-D audio/visual devices, it is hard to realize sensory effects only with presentation of audiovisual contents. Realization of the sensory effects could lead to realistic experiences on the consumption of audiovisual contents in conjunction with peripheral devices which can make it possible the content-associated sensory effects. This paper proposes a device inter-locked media service framework and its technology for media generation.
Communication strategies for out-of-core programs on distributed memory machines (1995)

Article Free Access Share on Communication strategies for out-of-core programs on distributed memory machines Authors: Rajesh Bordawekar ECE Dept. and NPAC, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY ECE Dept. and NPAC, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NYView Profile , Alok Choudhary ECE Dept. and NPAC, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY ECE Dept. and NPAC, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '95: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on SupercomputingJuly 1995 Pages 395–403https://doi.org/10.1145/224538.224642Published:03 July 1995Publication History 5citation191DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads191Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
TYPE 1 CORONOID FRACTURES: DOES SUTURE FIXATION IMPROVE ELBOW STABILITY? (2008)

Passive and active elbow flexion was performed in eight cadaveric arms to determine the effect of Type 1 coronoid fractures and suture repair on kinematics. Testing was performed in ligamentously intact and MCL deficient elbows; with radial head arthroplasty (RHA); with an intact coronoid, following a Type 1 fracture, and with suture repair of the coronoid. There was an alteration in elbow kinematics and stability following Type 1 coronoid fractures that was not corrected with coronoid repair. Suture fixation of the coronoid is probably unnecessary if the lateral ligaments are repaired and the radial head is repaired or replaced. To determine the effect of fixation of Type 1 coronoid fractures on elbow stability and kinematics in ligamentously intact and medial collateral ligament (MCL) deficient elbows with radial head arthroplasty (RHA). Type 1 coronoid fractures cause changes in elbow kinematics and stability that are not corrected with suture repair. Suture fixation of Type 1 coronoid fractures is probably unnecessary if the lateral ligaments are repaired and the radial head is repaired or replaced. With intact ligaments, there was an increase in valgus angulation following a Type 1 coronoid fracture (p With intact ligaments, Type 1 coronoid fractures cause an alteration in elbow kinematics and laxity that is not corrected with suture fixation. With MCL disruption, Type 1 coronoid fractures have no effect on elbow kinematics and a small effect on laxity that is not corrected with coronoid repair. Funding: Research and Institutional Support received from Wright Medical Technologies. Please contact author for graphs and/or diagrams.
Unimpaired function of human phagocytes in the presence of phagocytosis-resistant group A streptococci (1985)

The resistance to phagocytosis of the group A streptococci has been attributed mainly to the presence of the surface antigen, M protein. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether the phagocytosis resistance of the group A streptococci is due to their ability to impair the function of the phagocytic cells. The results of these studies demonstrate that the presence of a large excess of a phagocytosis-resistant strain of streptococci does not significantly interfere with either the antibody-independent or the antibody-dependent phagocytosis of streptococci. Apparently, a phagocytosis-resistant strain of streptococci does not bring about a generalized deactivation of the phagocytic plasma membrane. This suggests that if the resistance of the group A streptococci is due to any deactivating influence at all on the phagocytic plasma membrane, it is likely to be confined to the contact area of the cocci with the phagocyte.
Estimating range of pelvic motion during gait by using in-shoe motion sensors (2023)

Lower back pain is an extremely common health problem. Therefore, accurate, inexpensive, and easy-to-assess technology is needed to assess lower back pain during daily activities. We respectively constructed models for estimating the range of pelvic motion during gait (RoPM) in sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes, by using in-shoe motion sensors as the first step in lower back pain assessment during daily activities, e.g., walking. We successfully collected data from 45 healthy participants to construct the estimation models. We found a correlation between foot motion and RoPM from the late terminal stance phase to initial swing phase. We evaluated our models using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and determined that the RoPMs on all three planes achieved fair to good ICC agreement. The precision of the RoPMs enables the estimation of 0.58–0.75 ×standard deviation of the true value. The adjusted coefficient of determination suggested that all models achieved large effect size of multilinear regression. We also demonstrated the possibility of monitoring the condition of the pelvis by measuring foot motion.
Tensional Forces Influence Gene Expression and Sutural State of Rat Calvariae In Vitro (2007)

Sutural maintenance by mechanical force is concurrent with modulation of cellular activity and protein expression reminiscent of the open suture. This study demonstrates the dynamic reciprocity existing between biochemical activity and morphologic state. Although it is known that changes in TGF-betas and fibroblast growth factors can cause sutural fusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that abrogation of sutural closure is responsible for growth factor signaling modulation.
Energy efficiency through pipe design (1983)

Selecting pipe sizes in the course of developing planning studies usually involves applying some rule of thumb based on peak flow. Such rules do not account for the cost of energy, which can be significant. Some simple rules that incorporate energy cost factors for selecting optimal pipe sizes are presented.
1415 A fluorescent biosensor method for quantifying antibody binding and internalization into effector cells and target cells in a co-culture system (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Antibody-mediated delivery of agonists into the tumor microenvironment to selectively activate intracellular targets in immune cells (effector cells) relative to tumor cells (target cells) is not well understood. Here we develop a method using a fluorescent biosensor to quantitatively assess the number of antibodies binding to a cell and frequency of internalized antibodies per cell in both tumor and immune cells in co-cultures by utilizing quantitative spectral flow cytometry. <h3>Methods</h3> A hIgG1, anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (HER2-mAb) or isotype-matched control antibody (Iso-mAb) were conjugated with a fluorescent biosensor consisting of Alexa Fluor 568 (AF568) and Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647) separated by a cathepsin B-cleavable peptide linker. AF568 fluorescence is quenched until the biosensor is cleaved inside cells, while AF647 is fluorescent pre- and post-cleavage. Quantitative flow cytometry calibration curves were prepared to calculate the number of fluorophore molecules per cell and antibody molecules per cell using the measured median fluorescent intensity (MFI). Murine effector cells, RAW264.7 and RAW309 (macrophage) and MutuDC1940 (dendritic), were plated in 96-well plates 24 hours prior to the addition of target cells expressing variable levels of HER2: JIMT-1, N87, and SKBR3, pre-loaded with pHrodo green cell tracker. Target cells and biosensor-conjugated mAb were added simultaneously to effector cells at 37 °C for 0, 1, 4, or 24 hours. At each designated time point, cells were stained with CD11b-BV785, and flow cytometry was conducted with at least three independent runs. Flow gates were placed on live single cells of either pHrodo green positive tumor cells, CD11b-BV785 positive immune cells, or double-positive cells. The AF568 and AF647 MFI values were converted to the number of fluorophore molecules or antibodies bound per cell allowing for the number of antibody molecules and% internalized antibody per cell to be determined. <h3>Results</h3> Target cells expressing HER2 were required for appreciable HER2-mAb binding and internalization into effector cells. Antibody binding on effector cells correlated with increased HER2 expression across the three tumor cell lines. Importantly, the HER2-mAb-biosensor showed rapid and increased internalization into immune cells with 40-60% of antibody internalized by 1 hour in contrast to &lt;10% internalization into tumor cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This in vitro quantitative flow cytometry allowed determination of both the number of antibodies and the% internalized antibodies per cell, important parameters for modeling delinvery of antibody-mediated immunostimulatory agonists. The demonstrated methodology can be applied to in vivo models to optimize therapeutic agonist delivery.
Study on Visualization of Cleaning Phenomena in Nano-scale by Evanescent Field (2021)

Cleaning phenomena in semiconductor manufacturing is about the nanoparticles being removed out from, or re-adhering to, or returning to the wafer surface. However, these residual nanoparticles from polishing slurry on the wafer are usually inspected before-and-after cleaning process, not during the wet cleaning process. Accordingly, these cleaning phenomena mechanism on the surface have already not clearly known. Therefore, we have been establishing dynamically visualization of wet cleaning phenomena on the surface applying localized light called evanescent light that is generated by an optically internal reflection. This report introduces some of observed physical characteristical phenomena during duplicated scrub cleaning process of 10 and 30 nm gold particles by PVA brushes without and with skin layer, which have different contact area ratio on the surface being cleaned.
Trimming of InP-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer by filling side cladding of high-mesa waveguide with resin (2011)

A trimming method for an InP-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and demonstrated by filling the side cladding of a high-mesa waveguide with resin. The trimming structures have trimming grooves that are separated by polyimide to obtain a stable and easy phase shift. After investigating the amount of phase shift realised by filling one groove with resin, a trimming operation designed to match the characteristics of four MZIs is described.
Recent Approaches Targeting Beta-Amyloid for Therapeutic Intervention of Alzheimer's disease (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuropathological features comprising amyloid deposits and neuronal losses in brain. In AD, aggregation of a β amyloid peptide (Aβ), produced from proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, is believed to be implicated in the pathophysiological cascade leading to neuronal death. Most AD drugs currently available can only alleviate symptoms rather than modify the underlying molecular cause of AD. In this review, we describe and discuss the recent patents issued within the past two years focusing on therapeutic interventions targeting at various Aβ-associated pathological mechanisms of AD. The described therapeutic strategies include 1) reduction of synthesis of Aβ, 2) inhibition of Aβ aggregation, 3) immunotherapeutic/enzymatic clearance of Aβ, 4) targeting other amyloidogenic proteins interacting with Aβ and 5) amelioration of Aβ downstream toxic effects. Important issues to be considered for further improvement of therapeutic efficacy of these approaches are also discussed.
Truncated PrPc in mammalian brain: interspecies variation and location in membrane rafts (2006)

A key molecular event in prion diseases is the conversion of cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) into an abnormal misfolded conformer (PrP(sc)). The PrP(c) N-terminal domain plays a central role in PrP(c) functions and in prion propagation. Because mammalian PrP(c) is found as a full-length and N-terminally truncated form, we examined the presence and amount of PrP(c) C-terminal fragment in the brain of different species. We found important variations between primates and rodents. In addition, our data show that the PrP(c) fragment is present in detergent-resistant raft domains, a membrane domain of critical importance for PrP(c) functions and its conversion into PrP(sc).
Elbow dislocations (1965)

Of 110 elbow dislocations seen during a 15-year period at the Mayo Clinic, two were anterior and 108 were varieties of posterior dislocations. Dislocation commonly resulted in rupture of the collateral ligament attachments and in late slight heterotopic bone formation in the collateral ligaments. Avulsions of the epicondyles and fracture of the radial head were common accessory fractures. Avulsion of the medical epicondylar epiphysis is frequent and may predispose the joint to further injury. Injury to the ulnar nerve was approximately three times more common than was injury to the median nerve. Arterial injuries were noted in six dislocations and were always associated with persistent neurological findings. The late results were largely dictated by the severity of the original injury. The outlook in uncomplicated dislocations is good.