gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Novel Strain-Engineered Ge-InGaAs Heterojunction Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (2015)

Novel strain-engineered staggered gap Ge/InxGa1-xAs heterojunction tunnel FETs (H-TFETs) are proposed and theoretically evaluated. Modulation of the indium alloy composition at the source-channel heterointerface resulted in 18.6× and 16.9× enhancement in I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> for n- and p-channel Ge/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As H-TFETs, respectively, as compared with strained Ge homojunction TFETs (p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -Ge/i-Ge/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -Ge). The n-type H-TFETs (p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -Ge/i-In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As) exhibited superior leakage suppression due to a larger tunneling barrier at the channel-drain interface. Moreover, the p-type H-TFETs (n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As/i-Ge/p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -Ge) demonstrated a significant enhancement in I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> due to an unequal shift in the conduction band edge as a result of doping-induced bandgap narrowing. The simulated tensile-strained Ge/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> As H-TFETs show a great promise for ultralow-power switches with high ON-state and low OFF-state current, providing a new path for low-power complimentary TFET logic.
Control conditions for footwear insole and orthotic research (2015)

Footwear insoles/orthotics alter variables associated with musculoskeletal injury; however, their clinical effectiveness is inconclusive. One explanation for this is the possibility that control conditions may actually produce biomechanical changes that induce clinical responses. The purpose of this study was to compare insole/orthotic control conditions to identify if variables at the ground, ankle and knee that are associated with injury are altered relative to what participants would normally experience in their own shoes. Gait analysis was performed on 15 participants during walking and running while wearing (1) their own shoes, (2) #1 with a 3mm flat insole, (3) a standardized shoe, and (4) #3 with a 3mm flat insole, where external knee adduction moments, external knee adduction angular impulses, internal ankle inversion moments, and vertical ground reaction force loading rates were determined. Conditions 2-4 were expressed as percent changes relative to condition 1, and tests of proportions assessed if there were a significant number of individuals experiencing a biomechanically relevant change for each variable. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to identify group differences between conditions. The majority of movement-footwear-variable combinations contained a proportion of individuals experiencing biomechanically relevant changes compared to condition 1 that was significantly greater than the expected proportion of 20%. No systematic differences were found between conditions. This suggests that conditions 2-4 may alter biomechanics relative to baseline for many participants, but not in a consistent way across participants. It is recommended that participant's own footwear be used as control conditions in future trials where biomechanics are primary variables of interest.
Apoptosis and Cancer: Basic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in the Postgenomic Era (2003)

Apoptosis researchers gathered on the Island of Hawaii for an AACR Special Conference devoted to apoptosis and cancer. The meeting was organized by John C. Reed of the Burnham Institute and Scott Lowe of the CSHL [3][1] and was designed to explore the latest developments in understanding of
BIOSYNTHETIC STUDIES ON PEPSTATIN (1974)

Biosynthesis of pepstatin by Streptomyces testaceus HAMADA et OKAMI was studied.U-14C-L-Alanine and U-14C-L-valine were incorporated into alanine and valine moietiesof pepstatin respectively. U-14C-L-Leucine, U-14C-malonate and U-14C-acetate were incorporatedinto (3S, 4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid (AHMHA) moiety of pepstatin. Radioactivity of U-14C-L-leucine was located almost exclusively in C3-C8 of AHMHA but not in C1 and C2 and radioactivity of U-14C-malonate was located in C1 and C2 Labeled AHMHA itself was not incorporated into pepstatin. Malonate was incorporated into pepstatin at about 18 times higher rate than acetate. These results indicate that AHMHA is biosynthesized from L-leucine and malonic acid during biosynthesis of pepstatin and suggested that pepstatin biosynthesis proceeds on a multienzyme system in a similar way as in the case of fatty acid synthesis.
Imaging burst kinetics and spatial coordination during serial killing by single natural killer cells (2013)

Cytotoxic lymphocytes eliminate virus-infected and cancerous cells by immune recognition and killing through the perforin-granzyme pathway. Traditional killing assays measure average target cell lysis at fixed times and high effector:target ratios. Such assays obscure kinetic details that might reveal novel physiology. We engineered target cells to report on granzyme activity, used very low effector:target ratios to observe potential serial killing, and performed low magnification time-lapse imaging to reveal time-dependent statistics of natural killer (NK) killing at the single-cell level. Most kills occurred during serial killing, and a single NK cell killed up to 10 targets over a 6-h assay. The first kill was slower than subsequent kills, especially on poor targets, or when NK signaling pathways were partially inhibited. Spatial analysis showed that sequential kills were usually adjacent. We propose that NK cells integrate signals from the previous and current target, possibly by simultaneous contact. The resulting burst kinetics and spatial coordination may control the activity of NK cells in tissues.
Leukemia‐associated antigenic isoforms induce a specific immune response in children with T‐ALL (2006)

The potential immunogenicity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the T cell (T-ALL), a small subgroup of childhood leukemia with increased risk for treatment failure and early relapse, was addressed by serological identification of leukemia-derived antigens by recombinant expression cloning (SEREX). Thirteen antigens with homology to known genes that are involved in critical cellular processes were detected. Further characterization of the 4 novel isoforms revealed that 3 (HECTD1Delta, CX-ORF-15Delta and hCAP-EDelta) had restricted mRNA expression in more than 70% of T-ALLs (n = 22) and that specific antibodies against these isoforms were detected in up to 30% of patients (n = 16), with the highest frequency for HECTD1Delta. The latter protein was present at high abundance in T-ALLs but not in normal hematopoietic tissues. Given that the leukemia-associated antigens detected in this study have an intracellular localization, the generation of immune effector responses most likely requires antigen presentation. To test this assumption, dendritic cells were loaded with HECTD1Delta protein and used for T cell stimulation. A specific T cell response was induced in vitro in all 3 healthy donors studied, including a former T-ALL patient. These data suggest that T-ALL may induce a specific cellular and humoral antileukemia immune response in children, thereby supporting new approaches for immunotherapy.
Fabrication of microstructures containing the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV (2008)

We use two-photon polymerization to fabricate microstructures containing the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV. The microstructures preserve the characteristic emission of MEH-PPV, exhibiting waveguiding of such emission when fabricated on top of porous silica substrate.
An Up‐Down Bayesian, Defibrillation Efficacy Estimator (1997)

In both the clinic and the laboratory, efficacy estimators are used to estimate the shock strength required to achieve a given defibrillation success rate. In the clinic, efficacy estimators are used to estimate highly effective doses (i.e., the shock strength that defibrillates 95% of the time), in order to choose the setting for an ICD. Efficacy estimators are used in the laboratory to compare defibrillation techniques and configurations. Current efficacy estimators are inadequate because they are either difficult to use, can only estimate the shock strength that defibrillates 50% of the time, or do not yield desirable accuracy (low RMS error). This article presents a Bayesian estimation technique that forces the difference between successive test shock strengths (step‐size) to be a fixed value after each measurement. Constraining the difference dramatically reduces the computational complexity of the up‐down Bayesian method. This new, up‐down Bayesian protocol can be used with up to 15 measurements to estimate the shock strength for any given success rate. Simulations show that the added constraint (fixed step‐size) only slightly increases the rms error, as compared to the optimum Bayesian protocol. Our simulations also show that protocols can be generated for shock strengths rounded to the nearest 1, 10, or 50 V, without a great increase in RMS error. Experimental results from a subset of all the simulations are reported from six animals, showing a &lt; ‐2.4% difference between the simulated and measured errors. (PACE 1997; 20[Pt. I]:1292‐1300)
P02.99: Assessment of fetal lung maturity in a non‐invasive fashion (2006)

We sought to test the hypothesis that several patterns of fetal breathing movements (FBMs) i.e., abdominal wall movements (AWm), thoracic wall movements (TWm), nasal fluid flow velocity waveforms (NFFVW) may be ascertained nonivasively by ultrasound and correlated with biochemical assessment of fetal lung maturity (FLM). We prospectively enrolled 208 high-risk pregnancies in which a complete US study of FBMs and FLM tests were performed. US-FLM was defined as the presence of regular NFFVW detected by pulsed Doppler and spectral analysis, or irregular NFFVW synchronous with TWm detected by M-mode. An US guided amniocentesis was performed in order to collect amniotic fluid (AF) and FLM was evaluated by L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin) determination, presence phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and lamellar body (LBs) count. At the end of the study diagnostic accuracy of US-FLM was compared with that L/S/well as neonatal outcome Diagnostic accuracy for US evaluation of FLM was as follow: sensitivity: 89.6%; specificity: 85.7%; PPV 92.8%; NPV: 80%. Diagnostic accuracy of FLM tests was as follow: sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 51.7%; PPV 100%; NPV: 50%. Presence of regular NFFVW or irregular NFFVW and TWm correlate accurately with conventional FLM tests and predict neonatal outcome with acceptable accuracy. We suggest that this non-invasive procedure may be helpful to assess FLM in a noninvasive fashion, particularly under certain circumstances such as PPROM, logistic difficulties or patient refusal amniocentesis.
Tumor biobanks in translational medicine (2012)

The concept of tissue banking as a "bio-repository" aimed to collection, storing and distribution of human biological material and clinical information, is emerging as a successful strategy to support clinical and translational research. In particular, Tumor Biobanks represent a key resource for diagnosis, research and experimental therapies, especially for those correlated to clinical application of a new type of medicine known as "intelligent drugs". Biobanks are not "spontaneous" collections, but they needs an institutional organization, basically a research unit, whose effectiveness and quality can be guaranteed only if it is carefully organized according to precise and shared rules.
Thermal conductivity of mesoporous films measured by Raman spectroscopy (2014)

We measure the in-plane thermal conductance of mesoporous Ge and SiGe thin films using the Raman-shift method and, based on a finite differences simulation accounting for the geometry of the sample, extract the in-plane thermal conductivity. For a suspended thin film of laser-sintered SiGe nanoparticles doped with phosphorus, we find an effective in-plane thermal conductivity of 0.05 W/m K in vacuum for a temperature difference of 400 K and a mean temperature of 500 K. Under similar conditions, the effective in-plane thermal conductivity of a laser-sintered undoped Ge nanoparticle film is 0.5 W/m K. Accounting for a porosity of approximately 50%, the normalized thermal conductivities are 0.1 W/m K and 1 W/m K, respectively. The thermoelectric performance is discussed, considering that the electrical in-plane conductivity is also affected by the mesoporosity.
Heat Transfer Characterization and Optimization of Latent Heat Thermal Storage System Using Fins for Medium Temperature Solar Applications (2016)

While solar thermal power plants are increasingly gaining attention and have demonstrated their applications, extending electricity generation after the sunset using phase change material (PCM) still remains a grand challenge. Most of the organic PCMs are known to possess high energy density per unit volume, but low thermal conductivity, that necessitates the use of thermal conductivity enhancers (TCEs) to augment heat transfer within PCM. In this paper, thermal performance and optimization of shell and tube heat exchanger-based latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTES) using fins as TCE for medium temperature (&lt;300 °C) organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-based solar thermal plant are presented. A commercial grade organic PCM, A164 with melting temperature of 168.7 °C is filled in the shell side and heat transfer fluid (HTF), Hytherm 600 flows through the tubes. A three-dimensional numerical model using enthalpy technique is developed to study the solidification of PCM, with and without fin. Further, the effect of geometrical parameters of fin, such as fin thickness, fin height, and number of fin on the thermal performance of LHTES, is studied. It is found that fin thickness and number of fin play significant role on the solidification process of PCM. Finally, the optimum design of the fin geometry is determined by maximizing the combined objective of HTF outlet temperature and solid fraction of PCM at the end of the discharging period. The latent heat thermal storage system with 24 fins, each of 1 mm thickness and 7 mm height, is found to be the optimum design for the given set of operating parameters.
Dielectric properties of electron-beam deposited Ga2O3 films (1994)

We have fabricated high quality, dielectric Ga2O3 thin films. The films with thicknesses between 40 and 4000 Å were deposited by electron-beam evaporation using a single-crystal high purity Gd3Ga5O12 source. Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) and metal-insulator-metal structures (MIM) were fabricated in order to determine dielectric properties, which were found to depend strongly on deposition conditions such as substrate temperature and oxygen pressure. We obtained excellent dielectric properties for films deposited at substrate temperatures of 40 °C with no excess oxygen and at 125 °C with an oxygen partial pressure of 2×10−4 Torr. Specific resistivities ρ and dc breakdown fields Em of up to 6×1013 Ω cm and 2.1 MV/cm, respectively, were measured. Static dielectric constants between 9.93 and 10.2 were determined for these films. Like in other dielectrics, the current transport mechanisms are found to be bulk rather than electrode controlled.
Scalable, Self‐Aligned Printing of Flexible Graphene Micro‐Supercapacitors (2017)

Graphene micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) are an attractive energy storage technology for powering miniaturized portable electronics. Despite considerable advances in recent years, device fabrication typically requires conventional microfabrication techniques, limiting the translation to cost‐effective and high‐throughput production. To address this issue, we report here a self‐aligned printing process utilizing capillary action of liquid inks in microfluidic channels to realize scalable, high‐fidelity manufacturing of graphene MSCs. Microstructured ink receivers and capillary channels are imprinted on plastic substrates and filled by inkjet printing of functional materials into the receivers. The liquid inks move under capillary flow into the adjoining channels, allowing reliable patterning of electronic materials in complex structures with greatly relaxed printing tolerance. Leveraging this process with pristine graphene and ion gel inks, miniaturized all‐solid‐state graphene MSCs are demonstrated to concurrently achieve outstanding resolution (active footprint: &lt;1 mm 2 , minimum feature size: 20 µm) and yield (44/44 devices), while maintaining a high specific capacitance (268 µF cm –2 ) and robust stability to extended cycling and bending, establishing an effective route to scale down device size while scaling up production throughput.
USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS (2003)

This is the first Quarterly Report for this project. The background and technical justification for the project are described, including potential benefits of reducing fuel moisture, prior to firing in a pulverized coal boiler. A description is given of the equipment and instrumentation being used for the fluidized bed drying experiments. Results of fluidization and drying tests performed with North Dakota lignite, having a 6.35 mm (1/4 inch) top size, are presented. The experiments were performed with a 381 mm (15 inch) settled bed depth, with inlet air and in-bed heater surface temperatures of 44.3 C (110 F), and with the superficial air velocity ranging from 0.2 m/s to 1.4 m/s. Drying rate is shown to be a strong function of air velocity, increasing seven-fold from 0.2 m/s to 1.4 m/s. Increases in velocity from 0.75 m/s (minimum fluidization velocity) to 1.4 m/s resulted in a doubling of the drying rate.
Total synthesis of the dictyodendrins as an arena to highlight emerging synthetic technologies (2017)

Covering: 1993-2017This review discusses the isolation, biological activity, and syntheses of the dictyodendrin class of natural products, covering the years 1993-2017. The dictyodendrins are a family of alkaloids isolated from marine sponges, Dictyodendrilla verongiformis and Ianthella sp., which possess a highly substituted pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole core at the phenol or quinone oxidation states. Dictyodendrins exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as telomerase inhibition, BACE1 enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines. The unique structure and interesting biological activities of dictyodendrins provided a platform for the application of novel synthetic methods including C-H insertion, C-H arylation, and electrocyclization cascades.
Oct4 and Hnf4α-induced hepatic stem cells ameliorate chronic liver injury in liver fibrosis model (2019)

Direct conversion from fibroblasts to generate hepatocyte like-cells (iHeps) bypassing the pluripotent state has been described in previous reports as an attractive method acquiring hepatocytes for cell-based therapy. The limited proliferation of iHeps, however, has hampered it uses in cell-based therapy. Since hepatic stem cells (HepSCs) possess self-renewal and bipotency with the capacity to differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, they have therapeutic potential for treating liver disease. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of induced HepSCs (iHepSCs) on a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model. We demonstrate that Oct4 and Hnf4a are sufficient to convert fibroblasts into expandable iHepSCs. Hepatocyte-like cells derived from iHepSCs (iHepSC-HEPs) exhibit the typical morphology of hepatocytes and hepatic functions, including glycogen storage, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, Indocyanine green (ICG) detoxification, drug metabolism, urea production, and albumin secretion. iHepSCs-derived cholangiocyte-like cells (iHepSC-CLCs) expressed cholangiocyte-specific markers and formed cysts and tubule-like structures with apical-basal polarity and secretory function in three-dimensional culture condition. Furthermore, iHepSCs showed anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. This study demonstrates that Oct4 and Hnf4α-induced HepSCs show typical hepatic and biliary functionality in vitro. It also presents the therapeutic effect of iHepSCs in liver fibrosis. Therefore, directly converting iHepSCs from somatic cells may facilitate the development of patient-specific cell-based therapy for chronic liver damage.
Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals. A Novel Mesogen Incorporating Nonmesogenic 4,4′-Bipyridine through Selective Recognition between Hydrogen Bonding Donor and Acceptor (1990)

Abstract Selective recognition between a benzoic acid derivative and nonmesogenic 4,4′-bibyridine through intermolecular hydrogen bonds results in a novel molecular structure with liquid crystalline properties, in which 4,4′-bipyridine functions as a core unit.
Use of primary cultures of rabbit oviduct epithelial cells to study the ionic basis of tubal fluid formation (1993)

A pure population of rabbit oviduct epithelial cells was isolated and grown as a polarized monolayer on collagen-impregnated filters in primary culture. The cells were shown to be epithelial by immunocytochemical staining. The cells were mounted in a modified Ussing chamber which enabled ion transport across the cells to be studied. There was a net flux of Cl- in a basal to apical direction which was reversed by 1 mmol dibutyryl cyclic AMP l-1 (cAMP). A small but consistent transepithelial electrical potential difference (p.d.) of 0.86 mV was recorded with the apical side of the cells negative with respect to the basal. Adrenaline added to the basal side of the cells induced large transient increases in p.d. across the monolayer, involving both alpha and beta receptors. Adrenaline also induced a small increase in basal to apical Cl- transport across the cells. It is proposed that adrenergic agonists and cAMP modulate rabbit oviduct fluid formation in part via an effect on transepithelial chloride transport.
Plateforme à Ondes de Love (Guided SH-SAW) à Couche Sensible Mésoporeuse pour la Détection de Composés Chimiques à l'Etat de Vapeurs (2010)

National audience