gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brilluoin spectroscopy application for express, non-contact testing of glass and polymer products (2017)

The paper will describe application of Brilluoin spectroscopy to obtain Young modulus, stress, and thermal history of different glass parts as well as mechanical properties of polymer coating on optical fibers. We demonstrate that use of empirical relationships between Brilluoin frequency and stress and thermal history in glass can provide useful information about different glass products like optical fibers, ion-exchanged glass and others. In addition, similar approach for polymers can serve as a tool to obtain degree of cure or Young modulus for multilayered products such optical fiber.
Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Disease Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management (2016)

Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by recurrent episodes of mucosal inflammation. This chronic mucosal inflammation has several potential consequences, one of which is the occurrence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and overall approach to diagnosing and managing colitis-associated colorectal cancer has grown considerably. In the current review article, we outline these advancements and highlight areas in need of further research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 887-94. ©2016 AACR.
Enhancing acetabular reaming accuracy: optimal techniques and a novel reamer design (2023)

We present a novel reamer design that demonstrates superior accuracy to conventional reamers in achieving the desired reaming diameter. Improved reaming accuracy was also demonstrated using both devices and in both bone models, using a 'whirlwind' technique. We recommend the use of this novel reamer design employing a 'whirlwind' technique to optimize reaming accuracy. Particular attention should be paid toward patients with lower bone quality which may be more susceptible to higher inaccuracies.
Redox-Mediated Gene Therapies for Environmental Injury: Approaches and Concepts (1999)

Cellular redox state has been increasingly recognized as a critical component of stress-induced cellular responses and disease. Inherent in these responses are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inflict direct cellular damage in addition to acting as intracellular second messengers modulating signal transduction pathways. These intracellular highways of communication are critical in determining cell fates and whole-organ responses following environmental injury. Although gene therapy for inherited and acquired disorders has exploded in the last decade, the application of gene therapeutic approaches for transient pathologic conditions resulting from environmental stress is just beginning to be recognized. This review will summarize the theoretical and practical applications of gene therapy for the treatment of environmental injury by modulating redox-activated cellular responses. Several approaches can be utilized to achieve this goal. These include the application of gene targeting to modulate the cellular redox state directly by expressing recombinant genes capable of degrading ROS at pathophysiologic important subcellular sites. The use of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which degrades superoxides arising from ischemia/reperfusion injury, is one example of this approach. MnSOD serves as a "garbage disposal" for potentially toxic ROS prior to cellular injury and the activation of signal transduction cascades important in whole-organ pathology and inflammation. In contrast, some ROS have been suggested to have beneficial effects on cellular responses following environmental injury. Hence, expressing the nitrogen oxygen synthetase gene (NOS) to enhance the levels of nitric oxide (NO.) and augment the beneficial effects of this compound has also been suggested as a useful redox-modulating gene therapy approach. Lastly, indirect intervention in signal transduction pathways following environmental stress by expressing dominant inhibitory proteins of redox-activated signal transduction cascades has also been useful in modulating cellular responses to redox stress. Two such examples have utilized dominant inhibitory forms of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and IkappaBalpha which prevent activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinases and NF-kappaB, respectively. Ultimately, the most efficacious therapeutic approach or combination of approaches that alter the redox responsiveness of cells and organs to environmental injury will be determined through a comprehensive understanding of the relevant pathophysiologic processes.
Multilayer Soft Tissue Continuum Model: Towards Realistic Simulation Of Facial Expressions (2009)

A biophysically based multilayer continuum model of the facial soft tissue composite has been developed for simulating wrinkle formation. The deformed state of the soft tissue block was determined by solving large deformation mechanics equations using the Galerkin finite element method. The proposed soft tissue model is composed of four layers with distinct mechanical properties. These include stratum corneum, epidermal-dermal layer (living epidermis and dermis), subcutaneous tissue and the underlying muscle. All the layers were treated as non-linear, isotropic Mooney Rivlin materials. Contraction of muscle fibres was approximated using a steady-state relationship between the fibre extension ratio, intracellular calcium concentration and active stress in the fibre direction. Several variations of the model parameters (stiffness and thickness of epidermal-dermal layer, thickness of subcutaneous tissue layer) have been considered.
Modern developments in flow visualization (1984)

Revue de differentes methodes de visualisation: techniques de traceurs, thermographie infrarouge, interferometrie laser et holographie, tomographie, photographie a grande vitesse videographie a grande vitesse, traitements optique et digital des images. Application en aerodynamique
Ring-closing alkyne metathesis with simple catalyst systems: an access to molecular triangles and rhomboids (2000)

Treatment of the siloxane monomer 2 with a mixture of molybdenum hexacarbonyl and 4-chlorophenol at 140 °C furnished the corresponding cyclotrimer 3 and the cyclotetramer 4.
Wearable Engine-Driven Vapor-Compression Cooling System for Elevated Ambients (2007)

The development of a wearable cooling system for use in elevated temperature environments by military, fire-fighting, chemical-response, and other hazardous duty personnel is underway. Such a system is expected to reduce heat-related stresses, increasing productivity and allowable mission duration, reduce fatigue, and lead to a safer working environment. The cooling system consists of an engine-driven vapor compression system assembled in a backpack configuration, to be coupled with a cooling garment containing refrigerant lines worn in close proximity to the skin. A 2.0 L fuel tank powers a small-scale engine that runs a compressor modified from the original air compression application to the refrigerant compression application here. A centrifugal clutch and reduction gear train system was designed and fabricated to couple the engine output to the refrigerant compressor and heat rejection fan. The system measured 0.318×0.273×0.152 m and weighed 4.46 kg. Testing was conducted in a controlled environment to determine performance over a wide range of expected ambient temperatures (37.7–47.5°C), evaporator refrigerant temperatures (22.2–26.1°C), and engine speeds (10,500–13,300 RPM). Heat removal rates of up to 300 W, which is the cooling rate for maintaining comfort at an activity level comparable to moderate exercise, were demonstrated at a nominal ambient temperature of 43.3°C. The system consumes fuel at an average rate of 0.316 kg/hr to provide nominal cooling of 178 W for 5.7 hrs between refueling.
Use of Biopty Gun for Transcutaneous Testicular Biopsies (1989)

Needle biopsies are being performed commonly as a substitute for open biopsy in certain patients in whom a tissue diagnosis is necessary to determine therapy. During the last few years the Biopty gun and its through-cut needle have evolved as a satisfactory method to perform prostate biopsy in a rapid and painless manner. To determine whether the Biopty gun could be used to perform testicular biopsies 7 patients underwent this procedure in an outpatient setting. The patients received cutaneous lidocaine and the special through-cut needle (already inserted in the gun) was inserted painlessly through this cutaneous wheal towards the tunica albuginea of the testis. The gun was fired and in less than a fraction of a second a biopsy was obtained. The needle was removed and the tissue was placed in Bouin's solution. In some patients more than 1 biopsy was performed. None of the biopsies took more than 5 minutes, none of the patients required postoperative analgesia and none felt untoward discomfort during the biopsy. All biopsies obtained adequate tissue to diagnose the presence of sperm. These results demonstrate that needle biopsy of the testis with the Biopty gun system is a cost-effective, rapid, safe, relatively harmless and effective way to obtain a testicular biopsy to identify the presence of sperm. With time this percutaneous method may supercede other open and percutaneous methods of testicular biopsy.
Wireless network simplification: The Gaussian N-relay diamond network (2011)

We consider the Gaussian N-relay diamond network, where a source wants to communicate to a destination node through a layer of N-relay nodes. We investigate the following question: What fraction of the capacity can we maintain by using only k out of the N available relays? We show that in every Gaussian N-relay diamond network, there exists a subset of k relays which alone provide approximately k/k+1 of the total capacity. The result holds independent of the number of available relay nodes N, the channel configurations and the operating SNR. The result is tight in the sense that there exists channel configurations for N-relay diamond networks, where every subset of k relays can provide at most k/k+1 of the total capacity. The approximation is within 3 logN + 3k bits/s/Hz to the capacity. This result also provides a new approximation to the capacity of the Gaussian N-relay diamond network which is up to a multiplicative gap of 1/k+1 and additive gap of 3 logN + 3k. The current approximation results in the literature either aim to characterize the capacity within an additive gap by allowing no multiplicative gap or vice a versa. Our result suggests a new approximation approach where multiplicative and additive gaps are allowed simultaneously and are traded through an auxiliary parameter.
CADA locks the hCD4 SP in an intermediate inversion conformation in the translocon. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Line diagram of the constructs with an N-terminal extension of the SP lacking (no-Glyc) or containing a diagnostic glycosylation site (N-Glyc). For ease of comparison, the numbering refers to the non-extended WT hCD4 SP-containing polypeptide. The N-glycosylation site is underlined and the star indicates the N-glycosylated form of the protein. (B) Autoradiogram of truncated &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; translated [&lt;sup&gt;35&lt;/sup&gt;S]methionine-labelled [hCD4]-(7)-pPL RNCs with the glycosylation site-containing extension (N-Glyc). A non-glycosylation control (no-Glyc) is included (every first lane). Nascent chains were synthesized in the presence of RM, with or without CADA (15 µM). Samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by autoradiography. Intact RNCs (NC-tRNA) and N-terminal glycosylated RNCs (asterisk) are indicated. Notice that CADA strongly inhibited the glycosylation of the 17+71-mer. (C) Same as in (B), but for the puromycin-treated samples. Equal aliquots of the translated material were left untreated or treated with PK. Released non-processed nascent chains (NC, open arrowhead), N-terminal glycosylated forms (asterisk) and signal-cleaved C-terminal translocated species (solid arrowhead) are indicated. (D) Fraction of glycosylated nascent chains in the absence or presence of CADA as in (C), quantified and plotted against chain length (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;≥3). *&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05; **&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001. (E) Fraction of SP-cleaved C-terminal translocated nascent chains in the absence or presence of CADA as in (C), quantified and plotted against chain length (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;≥3). *&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01; **&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001. (F) Schematic of ribosome/translocon complexes showing probable positioning of the SP of hCD4 in absence or presence of CADA. Star represents N-glycosylation.&lt;/p&gt;
CW Operation of AlGaInN–GaN Laser Diodes (1999)

We report the advantage of raised-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (RP-MOCVD) and the room-temperature (RT) continuous-wave (CW) operation of AlGaInN–GaN laser diodes grown at 1.6 atm. Improvement of the crystalline quality by increasing the growth pressure was verified by measuring the optical pumping threshold-power density and etch-pit density. Furthermore, we succeeded in the first RT-CW operation of buried-ridge laser diodes where the ridge region was buried by a partially crystallized layer of Al0.6Ga0.4°C, cracks in the AlGaN burying layer can be prevented. The 4 μm wide buried-ridge laser operated under CW conditions, with an output power up to 30 mW. The threshold current was 165 mA, corresponding to a threshold current density of 4.1 kA/cm2, and the operating voltage at the threshold was 9.0 V.
Toward Long‐Term Stable and Efficient Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells (2017)

Here, we report that long-term stable and efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) can be obtained through the following strategies: i) combination of rapid-drying blade-coating deposition with an appropriate thermal annealing treatment to obtain an optimized morphology of the active layer; ii) insertion of interfacial layers to optimize the interfacial properties. The resulting devices based on poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate-2,6-diyl)] (PBDTTT-EFT):[6,6]-phenyl C<sub>71</sub> butyric acid methyl ester (PC<sub>71</sub> BM) blend as the active layer exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 9.57 %, which represents the highest efficiency ever reported for blade-coated OSCs. Importantly, the conventional structure devices based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C<sub>61</sub> -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend can retain approximately 65 % of their initial PCE for almost 2 years under operating conditions, which is the best result ever reported for long-term stable OSCs under operational conditions. More encouragingly, long-term stable large-area OSCs (active area=216 cm<sup>2</sup> ) based on P3HT:PCBM blend are also demonstrated. Our findings represent an important step toward the development of large-area OSCs with high performance and long-term stability.
90°-bent with R=1mm optical fiber technique for optical interconnection (2008)

In this paper, we report the low loss (<0.06dB single-mode, <0.2dB multi-mode) 90&deg;-bent with 1mm-bending radius optical fiber by using 12-fiber ribbon for optical interconnection systems in both the single-mode and multi-mode case. There are a lot of 90&deg; light deflection techniques based on several types of 45&deg; mirrors.[1]-[6] Our 90&deg; light deflection technique is based on bending optical fiber itself.[7] This technology is easy to be adopted for optical surface mount assemblies that need light beam deflection between the vertical surface-emitting lasers or surface-receiving photodiodes and optical paths parallel to an electric circuit board. We describe the target of our developing system, concepts, difficulty of glass fiber bending by failure probability, a single-mode fiber design for small bending with low bending losses, multi-mode 90&deg;-bent structure using polymer materials and the 80&mu;m-cladding 125&mu;m spacing 12-fiber ribbon for dense packaging and easy handling in narrow spaces. We also describe the 90&deg;-bent connector which has guide-pins splice able with conventional 12MT-connector, a 5Gbit/s&times;12ch parallel-optical module and these characteristics. Our developing optical interconnection system include the 90&deg;-bent with R=1mm connector and parallel module have good performances for the practical use.
Flufenacet herbicide treatment phenocopies the fiddlehead mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana (2003)

In order to study the mode of action of herbicides we conducted a pilot study analysing phenotype and gene expression of flufenacet- and benfuresate-treated Arabidopsis thaliana (L) Heynhoe plants. Treatments with either herbicide caused phenocopies of the known Arabidopsis mutant fiddlehead, displaying fused organs and the typical fiddlehead-like inflorescence. Herbicide treatments of other plant species, including monocots, also gave rise to analogous organ fusions, indicating the presence of the target in a broad range of plants. Furthermore, many other herbicides with a proposed similar mode of action, eg chloroacetanilides, produced comparable fusion phenotypes in plants. The fiddlehead gene encodes a putative very-long-chain fatty acid elongase (VLCFAE), which corroborates earlier biochemical results pointing to the inhibition of VLCFA synthesis as mode of action of flufenacet. Gene expression profiles of herbicide-treated plants using the first 8247 gene Arabidopsis gene array of Affymetrix provided additional clues in support of inhibition of VLCFA synthesis. We discuss fiddlehead-like elongases as plant specific targets for flufenacet and many other herbicides.
Coalescence in polymer blends during shearing (2000)

Abstract Control of coalescence is a critical factor in preparing polymer blends with specific morphologies. Coalescence was studied as a function of shear rate, volume fraction, viscosity ratio, and amount of block copolymer in a model system comprising polystyrene (PS) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). Small drops of HDPE (∼2 μm) were initially developed by shearing at 10 s −1 in a cup‐cone shear cell for 20 min. The shear rate γ˙ was then decreased to between 0.1 and 2.5 s −1 , and the state of coalescence was determined after quenching samples following specified periods of steady shearing. The PS portions of quenched samples were dissolved in chloroform, and the HDPE particles filtered from the suspension. These particles were imaged by scanning electron microscopy, which showed a sharp increase in the volume‐average particle diameter at specific times that depend on shear rate volume fraction, and viscosity ratio. Little change was observed in the number average diameter (D n ) at low shear rates up to a total strain of 360. At higher shear rates, however, D n significantly increased. Interestingly, adding small amounts of block copolymer to the blends significantly suppressed coalescence. These results are discussed in terms of particle trajectory and deformation during flow.
Integration of Customized Navigation Software for Real-Time MR Image-Guided Surgery (2002)

In order to complement the limitation of real-time MR images for MR-guided surgery, navigation software was customized to display the real-time image and 2 re-sliced images (same and perpendicular planes to the real-time image) from high resolution 3D volume data registered beforehand. Re-sliced images showed higher image quality, faster response, and easier recognition of the target than the real-time MR image. Images with different contrast, such as T2-weighted images, Gd-enhanced images and also CT images could be used for navigation. The integration of the customized software was quite helpful for easier and more accurate image navigation in MR-guided surgery.
Realization of high detectivity mid-infrared photodiodes based on highly mismatched AlInSb on GaAs substrates (2021)

We have systematically investigated highly mismatched AlInSb photodiodes grown on GaAs substrates operating in the mid-infrared range. A novel characterization method was introduced to analyze the recombination mechanism within an active layer of the devices, which revealed a high conductance stemming from the leaky behavior of dislocations. The introduction of a dislocation filter layer successfully reduced threading dislocations and improved resistance area product of photodiodes, leading to high detectivity at room temperature.
Microbes and microbial effector molecules in treatment of inflammatory disorders (2011)

The healthy gut tolerates very large numbers of diverse bacterial species belonging mainly to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla. These bacteria normally coexist peacefully with the gut and help maintain immune homeostasis and tolerance. The mechanisms promoting tolerance affect various cell populations, including the epithelial cells lining the gut, resident dendritic cells (DCs), and gut-homing T cells. Gut bacteria also influence multiple signaling pathways from Toll-like receptors to nuclear factor κB and regulate the functionality of DCs and T cells. Several bacterial species have been identified that promote T-cell differentiation, in particular T-helper 17 and T-regulatory cells. Insight into the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria mediate these effects will be very important in identifying new ways of treating intestinal and extra-intestinal immune-mediated diseases. These diseases are increasing dramatically in the human population and require new treatments. It may be possible in the future to identify specific bacterial species or strains that can correct for T-cell imbalances in the gut and promote immune homeostasis, both locally and systemically. In addition, new information describing microbial genomes affords the opportunity to mine for functional genes that may lead to new generation drugs relevant to a range of inflammatory disease conditions.