gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P1‐114: Synaptotoxicity of Abeta oligomers results from “hijacking” of metabotropic glutamate receptors (2010)

Synapse atrophy and elimination, which robustly correlate with memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), are now widely attributed to the toxicity of soluble Abeta oligomers (ADDLs). We previously reported that ADDLs rapidly trigger accumulation of the immediate early gene Arc in cultured hippocampal neurons, and that this is followed by large-scale loss of essential memory-related proteins from the plasma membrane and a deterioration of spine cytoskeleton and morphology, similar to that seen in prionoses. Intriguing recent studies in fact point to the binding of ADDLs to prion proteins. Other evidence, however, indicates that localization of ADDLs to synaptic spines requires additional proteins, perhaps acting in synergy with prion proteins to generate a binding protein complex. Using hippocampal cell culture exposed to synthetic Abeta oligomers and nanotechnology silencing techniques or knock-out mGlur5 mice, we show here that mGluR5 plays an important role in creating this complex and furthermore is essential for ADDL-induced synapse atrophy initiated by hyperactive Ca2+ mobilization. Initial binding of ADDLs occurs to fast-diffusing surface receptors, but within 60 minutes, ADDLs become trapped at clustered sites that essentially are immobile. During the same time course, mGluR5 molecules also become immobile and co-distribute with ADDLs, potentially either though signaling or extracellular scaffolding-like actions of the oligomers. Ectopic growth of these immobile clusters containing mGluR5 is accompanied by recruitment of Homer, an intracellular scaffolding protein of mGluR5. Clustering of mGluR5 leads to excessive localized Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+-dependent pathological changes in synapse shape and composition. Knockdown of mGluR5 as well as its pharmacologic inhibition blocks its deleterious synaptic impact and, most interestingly, prevents the clustering of ADDLs at synaptic hot spots. These data provide further new support for the hypothesis that ADDL are pathogenic synaptic ligands and indicate that synaptic localization of ADDLs in hippocampal neurons depends on the presence of mGluR5 molecules. Co-clustering of ADDLs and mGluR5 molecules and the consequent disruption of normal siganling provide a novel mechanism and molecular basis for ADDL-induced early synaptic failure in AD.
Toll like receptor 3 expression and efficacy of adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in patients with axillary node positive breast cancer: Results from two randomized trials (2006)

10563 Background: Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) are transmembrane receptors involved in the cellular response to danger signal and specifically activated by double stranded RNA. Based on these data, we hypothesized that the TLR3 expression by tumor cells is associated with the efficacy of a treatment with double stranded RNA in cancer patients. Patients and Methods: TLR3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 336 patients with axillary node positive breast cancer. These patients were selected to have been included in two randomized trials that compared a post-operative administration of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (polyAU) to either no treatment (n = 174, trial I) or an adjuvant chemotherapy by CMF regimen (n = 162, trial II). In the trial II, locoregional and pelvic radiotherapy were given in the polyAU arm. Results: TLR3 was found to be overexpressed in 45 tumors (13%). Median follow-up were 23 and 17 years for living patients included in the trials I and II respectively. When the analysis focused on the first trial, the 20 year overall survival rates were 87% (95% CI: 53–97%) and 32% (95% CI: 12–63%) for patients with TLR3-overexpressing tumour treated (n = 8) or not (n = 11) with polyAU (p = 0.03). In the same trial, the 20 year overall survival rates were 43% (95% CI: 33–54%) and 35% (95% CI: 25–46%) for patients with TLR3-negative tumor treated (n = 81) or not (n = 74) with polyAU (p = 0.32). When the analysis focused on the Trial II, the 15 year overall survival were 62% (95% CI: 45%-91%) and 21% (95% CI: 8%-47%) for patients with TLR3-overexpressing tumors treated (n = 12) or not (n = 14) with polyAU (p = 0.005). In the same trial, 15 year overall survival rates were 31% (95% CI: 21%-42%) and 39% (95% CI: 28%-51%) for patients with TLR3-negative tumors treated (n = 66) or not (n = 70) with polyAU (p = 0.39). Conclusion: This study suggests that the post-operative administration of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid improves outcome of patient with TLR3-overexpressing, node-positive breast cancer. [Table: see text]
Linear hydrophone arrays for measurement of shock wave lithotripter acoustic fields (2009)

Lithotripter acoustic field characterization is based on single-element hydrophone measurements even though many clinical lithotripters do not have highly repeatable sound fields. Here, linear hydrophone arrays composed of 20 elements, each measuring 0.5 by 0.5 mm and spaced 1.25 mm center to center, are described and characterized. The arrays were fabricated by bonding a 9 ¿m piezopolymer film to a flex circuit on which an array pattern had been formed using standard printed circuit board etching techniques. After bonding, the devices were backed with an epoxy plug in order to provide structural support. The sensitivity of each hydrophone element was measured at 41 mm axial distance with a pressure of 4.5 kPa using a 5.25 MHz, 14-cycle tone burst. The resulting sensitivities were normalized across each array. The normalized RMS voltages were quite uniform across each array, and between arrays, with an ¿ 6% variation in voltage. The arrays were also placed in a piezoelectric lithotripter in order to determine the shot-to-shot repeatability for peak positive pressures of 60 MPa. The array elements withstood about 500 shock waves before slowly losing sensitivity.
Design and Implementation of AISG Modem for Antenna Line Device (2011)

In this paper, we propose a digital implementation of the antenna interface standards group (AISG) modem for the remote control and monitoring of antenna line devices (ALDs) through an antenna feeder cable. The proposed modem is implemented in Altera EP3C16E144C8 device, together with an 8-bit ADC and a BPF. It operates at variable data rates of 9.6, 38.4, and 115.2 kbps based on the OOK modulation scheme. The carrier frequency of the OOK modulated signals is 2.176 MHz. The modem is fully compliant with the 3GPP and AISG standards. To show the validity of the proposed AISG modem, the modem is implemented in FPGA and its functionality is verified using the verification scenario of 3GPP and AISG standards. The proposed AISG modem consumes 0.41 W and 0.6 W with DC power supplies of 10 V and 32 V, respectively. The measured transmit power level is +3.3 dBm, and the measured return loss in pass-band is more than 10 dB. The duty cycle variations for data rates of 9.6, 38.4, and 115.2 kbps are less than ±1 %, ±2 %, and ±4 %, respectively.
The type II decoy receptor of IL-1 inhibits murine collagen-induced arthritis (2000)

IL-1 is a key cytokine involved in the inflammatory response. The type II receptor of IL-1 (IL-1RII) acts as a decoy receptor, binding and inhibiting the effect of IL-1. This study was undertaken to establish whether IL-1RII can ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis, a model of inflammatory arthritis in mice. We used human keratinocytes transfected with the human (h)IL-1 RII gene as a source of hIL-1 RII protein. We showed that these cells expressed both the membrane and soluble form of receptor. In vitro, IL-1-stimulated murine macrophage cells showed a decreased expression of TNF-alpha in the presence of hIL-1 RII. We engrafted the hIL-1RII-transfected cells in the back of mice developing collagen-induced arthritis. We found that clinical and histological parameters of arthritis were significantly decreased in mice treated with cells producing hIL-1RII. In addition, hIL-1RII administration was able to reduce the expression of mRNA for IL-6 and myeloperoxidase in the joints of treated animals. These data show that hIL-1 RII anti-inflammatory properties in the model of collagen-induced arthritis in mice and could have a regulatory role in rheumatoid arthritis.
An acutely lethal simian immunodeficiency virus stimulates expansion of V beta 7- and V beta 14-expressing T lymphocytes. (1994)

SIVsmmPBj14, a variant simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from a pig-tailed macaque, stimulates the proliferation of macaque T lymphocytes in vitro and induces an acutely lethal disease in macaques characterized, in part, by lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. To determine whether SIVsmmPBj14 exhibits superantigen-like activity, in vitro and in vivo studies of T-cell receptor V beta repertoire were undertaken using PCR-based quantitative methods. Whereas in vitro phytohemagglutinin stimulation of macaque peripheral blood lymphocytes did not cause a perturbation of T-cell receptor V beta repertoire, SIVsmmPBj14 stimulated the expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subpopulations expressing the V beta 7 and V beta 14 gene families. Such V beta 7 and V beta 14 expansions could be confirmed by a multiple RNase protection assay. Furthermore, the expansion of the same lymphocyte subpopulations was also detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymph node cells of virus-infected macaques. These observations suggest that SIVsmmPBj14-mediated V beta expansion may contribute to the induction of an acutely lethal disease in macaques.
Trends in Standardization of Optical Access Networks in ITU-T (2010)

This paper reviews the standardization work that has been done in question 2 of ITU-T study group 15, which is the lead group on optical access transport technology. The major topics covered are the progress in the G-PON series and the new point-to-point fiber access recommendation. Finally, a brief view of the future plan of XG-PON is presented.
Think Before You Speak: Explicitly Generating Implicit Commonsense Knowledge for Response Generation (2022)

Pei Zhou, Karthik Gopalakrishnan, Behnam Hedayatnia, Seokhwan Kim, Jay Pujara, Xiang Ren, Yang Liu, Dilek Hakkani-Tur. Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2022.
Investigations into the presence of functional ß1, ß2 and ß3-adrenoceptors in urothelium and detrusor of human bladder (2009)

Purpose: We investigated the presence of functional ß1, ß2 and ß3-adrenoceptor in urothelium and detrusor muscle of human bladder through in vitro pharmacology of selective ß3 adrenoceptor agonist solabegron. Materials and Methods: Expression of these adrenoceptors in surgically separated human urothelium and detrusor muscle were investigated using RT-PCR. The effects of activating these receptors were studied by determining the relaxation produced by ß-adrenoceptors agonist in pre-contracted human detrusor strips. Results: The results confirmed the presence of mRNA for ß1, ß2 and ß3-adrenoceptor in both human urothelium and detrusor. In an in vitro functional bladder assay, Solabegron and other agonists for ß-adrenoceptors such as procaterol and isoproterenol evoked potent concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated human bladder strips with pD2 values of 8.73 ± 0.19, 5.08 ± 0.48 and 6.28 ± 0.54, respectively. Conclusions: Selective ß3-adrenoceptor agonist may be a potential new treatment for the overactive bladder OAB syndrome. Existence of ß3-adrenoceptor mRNA exists in the urothelium in addition to the detrusor muscle suggest multiple site of actions for the ß3-adrenoceptor in the lower urinary tract.
The physical significance of the Kamlet–Taftπ* parameter of ionic liquids (2020)

The Kamlet-Taft dipolarity/polarizability parameters π* for various ionic liquids were determined using 4-tert-butyl-2-((dicyanomethylene)-5-[4-N,N-diethylamino)-benzylidene]-Δ3-thiazoline and 5-(N,N-dimethylamino)-5'-nitro-2,2'-bithiophene as solvatochromic probes. In contrast to the established π*-probe N,N-diethylnitroaniline, the chromophores presented here show excellent agreement with polarity measurement using the chemical shift of 129Xe. They do not suffer from additional bathochromic UV/vis shifts caused by hydrogen-bonding resulting in too high π*-values for some ionic liquids. In combination with large sets of various ionic liquids, these new chromophores thereby allow for detailed analysis of the physical significance of π* and the comparison to quantum-mechanical methods. We find that π* correlates strongly with the ratio of molar refractivity to molar volume, and thus with the refractive index.
Evaluation of a 120 mm Sized Magneto optical Disk System of Over 6 GB Capacity (1998)

We have studied the feasibility of the 120-mm-sized magneto optical disk system which achieves 6-GB user capacity using an optical pickup with a 640-nm wavelength laser and a 0.6-numerical aperture of the objective lens. We have used three technologies: a laser-pulsed magnetic-field modulation recording, a center-aperture-detection type of magnetically-induced super resolution disk with a 0.6-mm-thick single substrate and partial response equalization with maximum likelihood detection. We have evaluated the system-margins of write power, radial tilt, tracking and focusing offset and have confirmed the feasibility of the linear bit density of 0.235 µm/bit in 0.6-µm track pitches.
Probability analysis of the interaction of antibodies with multideterminant antigens in radioimmunoassay: application to the amino terminus of the β chain of hemoglobin S (1976)

A simple theory, based on probability, is developed for the analysis of the interaction of multideterminant antigens with multispecific antisera in radioimmunoassays. The theory is completely general except for the assumptions that the determinants be unique and bind antibodies independently of one another. The analysis shows that the shape of the curve of bound/free as a function of the antigen concentration is very sensitive to the multiplicity of determinants. The predictive ability of the theory is illustrated for the case of antibodies to subregions of the N-terminal third of the beta chain of sickle hemoglobin, studied using antisera fractionated on affinity chromatographic columns of synthetic peptides. The implications for obtaining quantitative binding data by radioimmunoassay for natural antigens, which almost universally have more than one antigenic determinant on the same molecule, are discussed.
Wide-angular-range and high-resolution beam steering by a metasurface-coupled phased array (2018)

Optical beam steering has broad applications in lidar, optical communications, optical interconnects, and spatially resolved optical sensors. For high-speed applications, phased-array-based beam-steering methods are favored over mechanical methods, as they are unconstrained by inertia and can inherently operate at a higher speed. However, phased-array systems exhibit a tradeoff between angular range and beam divergence, making it difficult to achieve both a large steering angle and a narrow beam divergence. Here, we present a beam-steering method based on wavefront shaping through a disorder-engineered metasurface that circumvents this range-resolution tradeoff. We experimentally demonstrate that, through this technique, one can continuously steer an optical beam within a range of 160° (80° from normal incidence) with an angular resolution of about 0.01° at the cost of beam throughput.
Association of Antibiotics, Airway Microbiome, and Inflammation in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis (2017)

In infants with CF, reduced bacterial diversity in the upper and lower airways was strongly associated with the use of prophylactic antibiotics and younger age at the time of sampling; less diversity in the lower airway correlated with lower inflammation on bronchoalveolar lavage. Our findings suggest modification of the respiratory microbiome in infants with CF may influence airway inflammation.
Water‐elutability of nucleic acids from metal‐chelate affinity adsorbents: enhancement by control of surface charge density (2006)

Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is widely used for purification of proteins, especially "hexahistidine-tagged" recombinant proteins. We previously demonstrated the application of IMAC to selective capture of nucleic acids, including RNA, selectively-denatured genomic DNA, and PCR primers through interactions with purine bases exposed in single-stranded regions. We also found that the binding affinity of nucleic acids for IMAC adsorbents can be increased several-fold by addition of 20 volume% of neutral additives such as ethanol or DMSO. In the present work, it is demonstrated that bound nucleic acids can be effectively eluted with water instead of the usual imidazole-containing competitive eluants, when the surface density of negative charges is enhanced by operation at alkaline pH, or by deliberate metal-underloading of the anionic chelating ligands. With enhanced negative surface charge density, nucleic acid adsorption can be made strongly dependent on the presence of adsorption-promoting additives and/or repulsion-shielding salts, and removal of these induces elution. Complete water-elutability is demonstrated for baker's yeast RNA bound to 10% Cu(II)- underloaded IDA Chelating Sepharose in a binding buffer of 20 mM HEPES, 240 mM NaCl, pH 7. Water elutability will significantly enhance the utility of IMAC in nucleic acid separations.
ChemInform Abstract: QSPR Correlation of the Melting Point for Pyridinium Bromides, Potential Ionic Liquids. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exercise-Stimulated Glucose Turnover in the Rat Is Impaired by Glucosamine Infusion (2001)

The infusion of glucosamine causes insulin resistance, presumably by entering the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway; it has been proposed that this pathway plays a role in hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance. This study was undertaken to determine if glucosamine infusion could influence exercise-stimulated glucose uptake. Male SD rats were infused with glucosamine at 0.1 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (low-GlcN group), 6.5 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (high-GlcN group), or saline (control group) for 6.5 h and exercised on a treadmill for 30 min (17 m/min) at the end of the infusion period. Glucosamine infusion caused a modest increase in basal glycemia in both experimental groups, with no change in tracer-determined basal glucose turnover. During exercise, glucose turnover increased approximately 2.2-fold from 46 +/- 2 to 101 +/- 5 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) in the control group. Glucose turnover increased to a lesser extent in the glucosamine groups and was limited to 88% of control in the low-GlcN group (47 +/- 2 to 90 +/- 3 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) and 72% of control in the high-GlcN group (43 +/- 1 to 73 +/- 3 pmol kg(-1) 1 min(-1); P < 0.01). Similarly, the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) in the control group increased 72% from 6.1 +/- 0.2 to 10.5 +/- 0.7 ml kg(-1) x min(-1) in response to exercise. However, the increase in MCR was only 83% of control in the low-GlcN group (5.2 +/- 0.5 to 8.7 +/- 0.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) and 59% of control in the high-GlcN group (4.5 +/- 0.2 to 6.2 +/- 0.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01). Neither glucosamine infusion nor exercise significantly affected plasma insulin or free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. In conclusion, the infusion of glucosamine, which is known to cause insulin resistance, also impaired exercise-induced glucose uptake. This inhibition was independent of hyperglycemia and FFA levels.
The poisson channel at lowinput powers (2008)

The asymptotic capacity at low input powers of an average- power limited or an average- and peak-power limited discrete- time Poisson channel is considered. For a Poisson channel whose dark current is zero or decays to zero linearly with its average input power ¿, capacity scales like ¿ log 1/¿ for small ¿. For a Poisson channel whose dark current is a nonzero constant, capacity scales, to within a constant, like ¿ log log 1/¿ for small ¿.
An algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms. (2009)

By using a series of dichotomous decisions, the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic neoplasm can be narrowed, and in cases of the more common neoplasms, accurate classification can be achieved. Uncommon neoplasms not accounted for by this approach are also discussed, and the additional diagnostic information needed for complete pathologic reporting is presented.
Neural network aided prosthetic alignment (2002)

Some 43,000 lower-limb amputations are performed in the United States each year. Current procedures for fitting a prosthesis to an amputee are somewhat time-consuming and costly, requiring the subjective judgement of trained prosthetists, but necessary to avoid discomfort and ensure successful rehabilitation of the patient. We consider a neural network model which automatically recognizes certain types of misalignment using data obtained from an instrumented shank. Training procedures and partial results are described.
Expanding the modular ester fermentative pathways for combinatorial biosynthesis of esters from volatile organic acids (2016)

Volatile organic acids are byproducts of fermentative metabolism, for example, anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass or organic wastes, and are often times undesired inhibiting cell growth and reducing directed formation of the desired products. Here, we devised a general framework for upgrading these volatile organic acids to high-value esters that can be used as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and biofuels. This framework employs the acid-to-ester modules, consisting of an AAT (alcohol acyltransferase) plus ACT (acyl CoA transferase) submodule and an alcohol submodule, for co-fermentation of sugars and organic acids to acyl CoAs and alcohols to form a combinatorial library of esters. By assembling these modules with the engineered Escherichia coli modular chassis cell, we developed microbial manufacturing platforms to perform the following functions: (i) rapid in vivo screening of novel AATs for their catalytic activities; (ii) expanding combinatorial biosynthesis of unique fermentative esters; and (iii) upgrading volatile organic acids to esters using single or mixed cell cultures. To demonstrate this framework, we screened for a set of five unique and divergent AATs from multiple species, and were able to determine their novel activities as well as produce a library of 12 out of the 13 expected esters from co-fermentation of sugars and (C2-C6) volatile organic acids. We envision the developed framework to be valuable for in vivo characterization of a repertoire of not-well-characterized natural AATs, expanding the combinatorial biosynthesis of fermentative esters, and upgrading volatile organic acids to high-value esters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1764-1776. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.