gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Entry into Naphthopyran Quinones via an Annelation Reaction of Levoglucosenone. The Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Hongconin. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermally stable polymeric waveguide using UV-curable epoxy resins for optical printed-circuit board (2009)

Thermally stable and cost-effective polymeric optical waveguide has been fabricated using UV-curable epoxy resins. Reusable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) masters which were prepared using hot-embossing imprinting technique were used as main masters for the fabrication of optical waveguide. Thermal and optical properties of the fabricated optical waveguide were investigated. After the thermal stability test at 200°C for 1 hour, the physical state of the waveguide was not changed and optical propagation loss measured by the cut-back method increased from 0.16 dB/cm to 0.26 dB/cm. This waveguide is estimated to be used for the embedding in optical printed-circuit board (OPCB).
Iliac Screw Fixation Using Computer-Assisted Computer Tomographic Image Guidance (2011)

CT-guided navigation allows for 3-dimensional visualization of the pelvis and minimizes complications associated with soft-tissue dissection and breach of the ilium during screw placement.
Covert Cognizance: A Novel Predictive Modeling Paradigm (2021)

Can predictive models develop cognizance or awareness of how they have been used? Can models detect if they are being manipulated or executed in nonauthorized manners? Can a software track information propagation through its subroutines to improve execution efficiency? Can this be achieved in a covert manner, i.e., avoiding the use of additional variables, additional lines of code, and conventional logging files, and instead rely directly on the physics being simulated to develop the required cognizance? Achieving these goals under the looming threat of insiders is considered an open challenging problem. This paper introduces a new modeling paradigm to covertly develop cognizance that is of critical value when predictive software is used in both adversarial and nonadversarial settings. Given the wide range of applications possible with this new modeling paradigm, the paper will focus on introducing the mathematical theory and limit the initial demonstration to a physics-based model of a nuclear reactor. This model describes a representative industrial control system of a nuclear reactor model containing two coupled subsystems: a heat-producing core and a steam generator. The goal is to demonstrate how each subsystem physics model can remain cognizant of the state of the subsystem. The proposed methodology will provide communication solutions for future reactor technologies to enable advanced reactor control and remote reactor operations.
Disinfection capabilities of a 222 nm wavelength ultraviolet lighting device: a pilot study (2021)

In this study, 222 nm UVC light was safe and effective in reducing bacterial CFU counts in sacral and gluteal PUs across numerous different species of bacteria.
Mechanisms of ultrasonically-mediated drug delivery: high-speed camera observations of microbubbles with attached microbeads (2006)

Ultrasonically-triggered drug delivery may be ac- complished through the attachment of drug-enriched liposomes to microbubble contrast agent. Understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms of drug release is needed to ensure robust and reproducible delivery of pharmaceutical payloads. Fluorescent microbeads were attached to stabilized perfluorobutane mi- crobubbles with avidin-biotin bonding. The resulting bubble-bead complex is a model for a drug-loaded ultrasound contrast agent. In a preliminary experiment using fluorescent microscopy, the destruction of microbubbles and release of beads were observed during exposure to diagnostic ultrasound. Detailed observations were made using the Brandaris-128 camera operated at 13 million frames per second (Mfps) speed. The bead-bubble complexes were exposed to 2.0 MHz, 10-cycle ultrasonic pulses at up to 0.65 MPa peak negative amplitude. Release and displacement of fluorescent microbeads from their original position was observed during insonation. Detached beads track the fluid flow induced by the bubble compression and expansion, at velocities greater than 10 m/sec. The translational and oscillatory movement of detached beads diminishes as the distance between the bubble and the bead increases. The results did not establish the capability of ultrasound to propel microbeads to a distance greater than a few cell layers. In short, this study exposed the process of the ultrasound-mediated release and subsequent movement of shell- associated microbeads with high temporal resolution.
Obesity Exposure Across the Lifespan on Ovarian Cancer Pathogenesis (2014)

Obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes for ovarian cancer (OC). We theorize that the metabolic effects of obesity may play a contributing role in the pathogenesis of OC and lead to biologically different cancers than those that arise in normal weight women. We also posit that the timing and length of the obesity exposure may be critical in the development of obesity-driven OCs. We have demonstrated that adulthood exposure to obesity can promote tumor progression, as evidenced by a tripling in tumor size, in the KpB mouse model of serous OC. The ovarian tumors that arose in the obese mice were genomically and metabolically different from those that arose in non-obese mice. To expand on this work, we assessed in utero, adolescent and adulthood exposure to obesity as well as cross-over between these timeframes in the KpB mice. Longer exposure to obesity resulted in greater tumor weight and shorter tumor latency, especially in diet exposures that included in utero exposure to obesity. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we compared the gene expression between OCs from normal weight versus overweight/obese women. Metabolically relevant alterations in gene expression were found in relationship to BMI status among serous OCs.
Simple methods to determine and compare the sensitivity of flow cytometers (1982)

Knowledge of the sensitivity of a flow cytometer is important both in choosing an instrument for a particular application and in determining whether the resolution obtained on real samples is limited by instrumental factors or sample variability. The coefficient of variation (CV) obtained for measurement is given by CV2 = CVS2 + CVI2 + 1/n + K(delta VB2)/n2, where CVS is the variability due to the sample, CVI that due to variations in illumination of the sample particles, n the number of photoelectrons emitted from the photomultiplier photo cathode per sample particle (which is the signal intensity), delta VB2 the mean square background noise voltage (usually due to background illumination), and K a constant. Measurement of the CV of light flashes from a light emitting diode as a function of their intensity allows development of standard curves which can be used to directly determine the degree to which the resolution obtained on actual samples is limited by signal intensity and background light. The use of standard particles allows relative calibration of the curves for different instruments and which also ranks their sensitivities.
Perfluoroalkylsulfone Reactions with Nucleophiles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification of the "Active Sites" of a Surface-Catalyzed Reaction (1996)

The dissociation of nitric oxide on a ruthenium(0001) surface was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. The distribution of nitrogen atoms after the dissociation allowed the identification of the "active sites" for this reaction, which are formed by the low-coordinated, top metal atoms of atomic steps. It is proposed that their activity is caused by local changes in the electronic structure. The structure of the steps determines whether they remain active or become deactivated by oxygen atoms. The results demonstrate the complex manner in which the structure of a catalytic surface determines the reactivity of the catalyst and confirm the active sites concept.
The SLE-key test serological signature: new insights into the course of lupus (2018)

These findings raise the possibility that a significant number of SLE patients manifest a change in their serological signature over time, and that such a signature change may signify an evolution in the immunological features of their disease relevant to patient management.
Data from Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying the Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Mediated by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Target-dependent TCB activity can result in the strong and systemic release of cytokines that may develop into cytokine release syndrome (CRS), highlighting the need to understand and prevent this complex clinical syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We explored the cellular and molecular players involved in TCB-mediated cytokine release by single-cell RNA-sequencing of whole blood treated with CD20-TCB together with bulk RNA-sequencing of endothelial cells exposed to TCB-induced cytokine release. We used the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; whole blood assay and an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; DLBCL model in immunocompetent humanized mice to assess the effects of dexamethasone, anti-TNFα, anti-IL6R, anti-IL1R, and inflammasome inhibition, on TCB-mediated cytokine release and antitumor activity.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Activated T cells release TNFα, IFNγ, IL2, IL8, and MIP-1β, which rapidly activate monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, and NKs along with surrounding T cells to amplify the cascade further, leading to TNFα, IL8, IL6, IL1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and IP-10 release. Endothelial cells contribute to IL6 and IL1β release and at the same time release several chemokines (MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β). Dexamethasone and TNFα blockade efficiently reduced CD20-TCB–mediated cytokine release whereas IL6R blockade, inflammasome inhibition, and IL1R blockade induced a less pronounced effect. Dexamethasone, IL6R blockade, IL1R blockade, and the inflammasome inhibitor did not interfere with CD20-TCB activity, in contrast to TNFα blockade, which partially inhibited antitumor activity.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our work sheds new light on the cellular and molecular players involved in cytokine release driven by TCBs and provides a rationale for the prevention of CRS in patients treated with TCBs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/doi/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-1975" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Luri-Rey et al., p. 4320&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Resonance Hyper-Raman Scattering from Conjugated Organic Donor−Acceptor “Push−Pull” Chromophores with Large First Hyperpolarizabilities (2003)

Resonance hyper-Raman spectra have been obtained using 1064 nm excitation for several electron donor-acceptor-substituted, pi-conjugated "push-pull" molecules that have large second harmonic hyperpolarizabilities. The hyper-Raman spectra are nearly identical to the resonance Raman spectra measured with 532 nm excitation. This indicates that both the second harmonic hyperpolarizability and the linear absorption are dominated by the same, single electronic transition that is both one- and two-photon allowed. Comparison of resonance Raman and resonance hyper-Raman spectra is proposed as an experimental test of the common two-electronic-state model for the first hyperpolarizability.
TH‐E‐330A‐04: Investigation Into the Cause of a New Artifact in Cone Beam CT Reconstructions On a Flat Panel Imager (2006)

Purpose: To investigate the source of and possible corrections for a new artifact seen in cone‐beam CT (CBCT) images acquired using an a‐Si flat panel imager (FPI) (Varian 4030CB). The new artifact is a bright circular region, tangent to the phantom edge, in images of elliptical and off‐center phantoms. Methods and Materials: Temporal response of the FPI was measured using a step‐wedge phantom, as a function of dose and irradiation history (10 cycles of 80 s exposure, with 9 off‐cycles varying in time between 2 and 30 minutes, total time 1hour 20 min). A linear time invariant (LTI) model was developed by fitting multi‐exponentials to the lag response from the step‐wedge phantom. Anthropomorphic phantoms — pelvis placed centrally, and head placed off‐center — were scanned and reconstructed with and without the developed correction. Results: Detector lag and continuous and significant monotonic gain increase (up to 10% for long irradiation periods) were observed during constant irradiation. Even after long periods of no exposure, with the detector being continuously read out, the gain did not return to the original, start‐of‐day value. Unlike Overdick et al., we did not see a saturation effect in the gain change. In CBCT reconstructions, differences up to 35 HU existed close to the edges of the artifact. After applying our correction model, differences were reduced to less than 10 HU. Our anthropomorphic phantoms did not generate streaks or comet tails, which other investigators have shown to be due to lag. Conclusion: We have determined that the source of the circular artifact observed is a non‐ideal temporal response. This artifact can be mostly eliminated by applying a correction based on a LTI model. Future work will focus on more accurate modeling to completely eliminate the artifact. Conflict of Interest: Funding was provided by Varian Medical Systems.
Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (UV-LED) Sterilization of Citrus Bacterial Canker Disease Targeted for Effective Decontamination of <i>Citrus Sudachi</i> Fruit (2022)

A kind of citrus fruit with special flavor, Citrus sudachi harvested in Japan, are exported to various countries. However, the Citrus sudachi needs to be sterilized using aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite because there is a possibility of the adhesion of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) which is not found in Europe. Due to the sterilization with time-consuming work, a more effective decontamination technique is required. A decontamination method using ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation is thus anticipated. Especially, the use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) wi UV light has many advantages in terms of energy consumption, lifetime, and compactness； although an appropriate method is yet to be established. In this study, we evaluate the fundamental effectiveness of UV-LED decontamination on the basis of the bactericidal ability on CBC in petri dishes, using six kinds of UV-LEDs (265, 280, 285, 300, 310, and 365 nm) . For each irradiation, the resultant bactericidal abilities (BAs) were evaluated precisely taking into account the differences in their optical absorptions. In addition, BAs per unit photon number were also estimated, as a fundamental wavelength-dependence of BA. As a result, the effectiveness of UV-LED irradiation with relatively short wavelengths was demonstrated clearly.
The purification and partial amino acid sequence of a polypeptide from the glutelin fraction of rice grains; homology to pea legumin (1983)

The glutelin fraction was extracted from grain meals of rice ( Oryzea sativa ) with 50 mM Tris‐HCl buffer (pH 8.8) containing 6 M urea and 10 mM 2‐mercaptoethanol. Polypeptides of glutelin were separated and purified by ion‐exchange chromatography under denaturing conditions. Analysis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that 2 major polypeptides of the rice glutelin fraction, M r 36 000 and 22 000, were linked in disulphide bonded pairs containing one M r 36 000 and one M r 22 000 subunit. A partial amino acid sequence of the purified M r 22 000 glutelin subunit showed it to be homologous to the β‐subunit of pea legumin, a storage protein which also contains disulphide‐linked subunit pairs ( M r 38 000 and M r 22 000). It is therefore proposed that the major component of rice glutelin is a legumin‐like protein.
Beijing: The New City (2008)

A fully illustrated and in-depth investigation of the chinese capital focused on the urban and architectural transformation during his long history and on the extraordinary changes in its urban layout within the last two decades (1990-2008). The book examines the renewal of the architectural teaching and of the production system and the fast upgrading of construction technologies that make possible the great works and projects for the 2008 Olympic Games . Many recent architectures are illustrated during their building process, including detailed information about building plans and sites. A critical analysis shows the different contributions of the western archi-stars, of the Government Architectural Offices and of the emerging new generation of Chinese architects. The various quarters under construction and the guidelines of the new Regulation Plan are illustrated also on the base of the original rare documents of the Beijing Municipal City Planning Bureau.
Renal allograft surveillance with allospecific T-cytotoxic memory cells (2020)

Allospecific T-cytotoxic memory cells distinguished primary RTR with quiescent allografts from those with dysfunction. With serial surveillance measures, this test system may facilitate decisions to manage immunosuppression in RTR.
Study of Statistical and Non-statistical Components of Energy Resolution for High-sensitive Beta Camera (2006)

Energy resolution of a scintillation detector was studied from the viewpoints of statistical and non-statistical components. The statistical component is caused mainly by fluctuation of the number of photoelectrons, N, collected at the anode of a photodetector and the non-statistical component comes from intrinsic property of the scintillator. A new method identifying these two components was developed to study the resolution of detector as beta camera. The beta camera consists of a 6 cm times 6 cm times 1 cm plastic-scintillator plate (BC-408 provided by SAINT GOBAIN) and 4 photomultiplier tubes covered each side face of the plastic-scintillator. The statistical component is found to be well reproduced by 1/radicN. The non-statistical component of the plastic-scintillator is sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">stat</sub> = 4.0 plusmn 0.3 % (DeltaE/E = 9.3 plusmn 0.8 % in FWHM) at the 976 keV region. The present method is useful for investigating statistical and non-statistical components of the resolution, and thus to improve and monitor them.
Abstract A18: Mismatch repair proteins recruit DNA methyltransferase 1 to sites of oxidative DNA damage (2016)

Abstract At sites of chronic inflammation, epithelial cells are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species and undergo cancer-associated DNA methylation changes, suggesting that inflammation may initiate epigenetic alterations. Previously, we demonstrated that oxidative damage causes epigenetic silencing proteins to become part of a large complex that is localized to GC-rich regions of the genome, including promoter CpG islands that are epigenetically silenced in cancer. However, whether these proteins were recruited directly to damaged DNA or during the DNA repair process was unknown. Here we demonstrate that the mismatch repair protein heterodimer MSH2-MSH6 participates in the oxidative damage-induced recruitment of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to chromatin. Hydrogen peroxide treatment induces the interaction of MSH2-MSH6 with DNMT1, suggesting that the recruitment is through a protein−protein interaction. Importantly, the reduction in transcription for genes with CpG island-containing promoters caused by oxidative damage is abrogated by knockdown of MSH6 and/or DNMT1. Our findings provide evidence that the role of DNMT1 at sites of oxidative damage is to reduce transcription, potentially preventing transcription from interfering with the repair process. This study uniquely brings together several factors that are known to contribute to colon cancer, namely inflammation, mismatch repair proteins, and epigenetic changes. Citation Format: Ning Ding, Emily M. Bonham, Brooke E. Hannon, Stephen B. Baylin, Heather M. O'Hagan. Mismatch repair proteins recruit DNA methyltransferase 1 to sites of oxidative DNA damage. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.
Improving Named Entity Translation by Exploiting Comparable and Parallel Corpora (2007)

Translation of named entities (NEs), such as person, organization, country, and location names is very important for several natural language processing applications. It plays a vital role in applications like cross lingual information retrieval, and machine translation. Web and news documents introduce new named entities on regular basis. Those new names cannot be captured by ordinary machine translation systems. In this paper, we introduce a framework for extracting named entity translation pairs. The framework contains methods for exploiting both comparable and parallel corpora to generate a regularly updated list of named entity translation pairs. We evaluate the quality of the extracted translation pairs by showing that it improves the performance of a named entity translation system. We report results on the ACE 2007 Entity Translation (ET) pilot evaluation development set.
Finland establishing the internet of genomics and health data. (2018)

Genomic data, i.e. measurement of variation in the complete genome has revolutionized genetic research and changed our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases. Genomic data in combination with Finnish special strengths - population history, the nation's comprehensive health records and a strong research tradition in genetic epidemiology - has made Finland a testing laboratory for diseases of public health importance. At the same time, genomic research has changed into statistical evaluation of large masses of data - big data. New research knowledge is now descending to the prevention and treatment of diseases, and this will affect future medical practices. In this reform, Finland has a chance to be a key player. The change is, however, global, and the world will not wait that Finland is ready, but instead we have to take care of it ourselves. When successful, new kind of research will help better allocate health care resources, provide more individualized care and stimulate businesses based on new technology.
Haploinsufficiency of an RB–E2F1–Condensin II Complex Leads to Aberrant Replication and Aneuploidy (2014)

Genome instability is inherent to most cancers and is the basis for selective killing of cancer cells by genotoxic therapeutics. In this report, we demonstrate that instability can be caused by loss of a single allele of the retinoblastoma gene that prevents proper replication and condensation of pericentromeric chromosomal regions, leading to elevated levels of aneuploidy in cancer.