gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural properties of InAs/InAs1–xSbx type-II superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2011)

Strain-balanced InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices (SLs) have been proposed for possible long-wavelength infrared applications. This paper reports a detailed structural characterization study of InAs/InAs1−xSbx SLs with varied Sb composition grown on GaSb (001) substrates by modulated and conventional molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). X-ray diffraction was used to determine the SL periods and the average composition of the InAs1−xSbx alloy layers. Cross-section transmission electron micrographs revealed the separate In(As)Sb/InAs(Sb) ordered-alloy layers within individual InAs1−xSbx layers for SLs grown by modulated MBE. For the SLs grown by conventional MBE, examination by high-resolution electron microscopy revealed that interfaces for InAs1−xSbx deposited on InAs were more abrupt, relative to InAs deposited on InAs1−xSbx: this feature was attributed to Sb surfactant segregation occurring during the SL growth. Overall, these results establish that strain-balanced SL structures with excellent crystallinity can be achieved with proper design (well thickness versus Sb composition) and suitably optimized growth conditions.
Protection layer for air-coupled waveguide ultrasonic phased arrays (2020)

Air-coupled ultrasonic phased arrays with acoustic waveguides offer grating-lobe-free beamforming for different applications such as obstacle detection, range finding, flow metering, acoustic levitation or tactile feedback. However, for real world applications the open outputs of the waveguide must be protected against fluids and dust in order to prevent clogging in the waveguide openings resulting in additional acoustic attenuation. In this work, we compare a hydrophobic fabric and a low density polyethylene (LDPE) foil regarding the insertion loss (IL), the influence on the beamforming, the blind zone in pulse-echo mode and the watertightness. Measurements are conducted in an anechoic chamber in transmit, receive and pulse-echo mode. The watertightness is determined with a submersion experiment in a water column of up to 2 m. The hydrophobic fabric has an IL of 1.8 dB±1 dB and does not effect the blind zone, whereas the LDPE foil has a higher IL of 7.5 dB±1 dB and increases the blind zone by 22%. The LDPE foil reaches IPX8, whereas the hydrophobic fabric reaches IPX7. However, in pulse-echo mode it is possible with both protection layers to detect a 10 mm-hollow steel sphere at a distance of 1 m. Their influence on the beamforming is within the measurement uncertainty.
Protective efficacy of vaccines against bovine dermatophytosis after double and single vaccination (1998)

The protective efficacy of two Czech vaccines against bovine Trichophyton verrucosum infection after double vaccination of calves in prophylactic doses, with an interval of 13 days between vaccination and revaccination, was very good. When these preparations were applied in a double dose only once, less protective effect was produced. The use of 0.5% aluminium hydroxide to dilute the vaccines had no influence on the effect of single vaccination.
Connectivity properties of a packet radio network model (1989)

A model of a packet radio network in which transmitters with range R are distributed according to a two-dimensional Poisson point process with density D is examined. To ensure network connectivity, it is shown that pi R/sup 2/D, the expected number of nearest neighbors of a transmitter, must grow logarithmically with the area of the network. For an infinite area there exists an infinite connected component with nonzero probability if pi R/sup 2/D>N/sub 0/, for some critical value N/sub 0/. It is shown that 2.195<N/sub 0/<10.526.<<ETX>>
Unbounded cooling force in travelling waves excitation of a four-level system (1996)

Summary form only given. In a two-level system under traveling wave excitation, the cooling force is bounded by the spontaneous force, given by the product of the photon momentum and the excited-state decay rate. This because the force in such a scheme originates from absorption of directed photons followed by emission of spontaneous photons in random direction. In the case of a standing wave excitation, this limit no longer holds. The atoms can, in principle, absorb photons from one direction, while emitting coherent photons in the other direction via stimulated emission. This process, known as stimulated cooling, requires symmetry breaking leading to effects such as Doppleron cooling.
Guidance for Clinical Evaluation under the Medical Device Regulation through Automated Scoping Searches (2023)

The Medical Device Regulation (MDR) in Europe aims to improve patient safety by increasing requirements, particularly for the clinical evaluation of medical devices. Before the clinical evaluation is initiated, a first literature review of existing clinical knowledge is necessary to decide how to proceed. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lacking the required expertise and funds may disappear from the market. Automating searches for the first literature review is both possible and necessary to accelerate the process and reduce the required resources. As a contribution to the prevention of the disappearance of SMEs and respective medical devices, we developed and tested two automated search methods with two SMEs, leveraging Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). Both methods were tailored to the SMEs and evaluated through a newly developed workflow that incorporated feedback resource-efficiently. Via a second evaluation with the established CLEF 2018 eHealth TAR dataset, the more general suitability of the search methods for retrieving relevant data was tested. In the real-world use case setting, the BERT-based method performed better with an average precision of 73.3%, while in the CLEF 2018 eHealth TAR evaluation, the MeSH-based search method performed better with a recall of 86.4%. Results indicate the potential of automated searches to provide device-specific relevant data from multiple databases while screening fewer documents than in manual literature searches.
An Incremental Approach to Improving Scholarly Activity (2012)

Abstract Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires scholarly activity for both faculty and residents in obstetrics and gynecology (Ob-Gyn). There is little evidence on the most effective method to train, recruit, and retain research faculty who can mentor resident researchers at small programs. Innovation To address this problem, we created the “Baby Steps” program for a small university-based Ob-Gyn program. Methods After a thorough assessment of existing resources, a postdoctoral researcher was recruited and coupled with an established researcher to raise the standards of resident research, facilitate and coordinate resident projects, and support clinical faculty participation in research activities. Grant submissions, grants awarded, publications submitted, presentations, and awards were tracked before and after the implementation of the Baby Steps program for faculty and residents. Results After 2 years the program has already begun to show an increase in scholarly activity. In a program of 12 residents, 8 made one or more presentations at regional or national meetings within the previous 24 months. Additionally, 8 of 12 clinical faculty members were engaged as mentors in resident research, compared with only 3 in past years. Further, abstract, paper, and grant submissions by faculty increased approximately 25%. Conclusion The addition of a mentored postdoctoral researcher was associated with improvements to both resident and faculty research activities. Based on this success, a sister residency program has incorporated the Baby Steps approach into its training.
Critical Q analysis of a current-fed resonantconverter for ICPT applications (2000)

Power electronic resonant converters designed for inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) applications are normally controlled to switch at zero voltage switching (ZVS) frequencies and operate with minimal quality factor Q for economic and practical reasons. This Letter analyses various resonant frequencies and defines a new minimum bound on Q that ensures ZVS operation.
Cascaded Sagnac interferometers for SOA-based demultiplexing (2002)

Cascading a SOA-based Sagnac interferometer with a second filtering stage allows significant improvement in the demultiplexing window sharpness and time compression. Experiments show eye diagrams and Q-factor measurements.
A symmetric 0.25 μm CMOS technology for low-power, high-performance ASIC applications using 248 nm DUV lithography (2002)

A 0.25 /spl mu/m coded feature CMOS technology has been developed for high-performance, low-power ASIC applications. Critical process features include 248 nm DUV lithography on all levels, profiled twin tubs by high energy implantation (HEI), dual TiN/polysilicon gates with low resistance on minimum size lines, rapid thermal (RT) N/sub 2/O grown 5.5 nm gate dielectrics, and planarized multi-level interconnect. Transistors are demonstrated with symmetric thresholds and excellent short-channel characteristics down to channel lengths of 0.18 /spl mu/m. Fabricated circuits operate down to <1 V supplies, with <20 ps ring oscillator gate delays achieved for 0.2 /spl mu/m gate devices, a record for stepper-based lithography with conventional resist processing.
Chemistry of Plants from Crete: Stachyspinoside, a New Flavonoid Glycoside And iridoids fromStachys spinosa (2001)

The new flavonoid glycoside stachyspinoside (1), and the three iridoids, 7-O-acetyl-8-epi-loganic acid (2), ajugol (3) and harpagide (4) were isolated from Stachys spinosa. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of mass spectrometry (ESMS and tandem MS), one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments (COSY, COSY LR, HMQC, TOCSY and HMBC) as well as simple chemical derivatization.
Terahertz studies of carrier localization in spontaneously forming polar lateral heterostructures (2013)

Abstract We employ near‐bandgap terahertz emission spectroscopy to study lateral heterostructures resulting from basal plane stacking faults in m ‐plane GaN. The predominant stacking faults have I 1 character and behave as an array of spontaneously forming layers comprised of a single cubic stacking sequence within the wurtzite matrix that terminate the spontaneous polarization along the in‐plane c ‐axis, leading to strong lateral electric fields. Spectral tuning of femtosecond excitation pulses enables observation of the transition from carrier transport in the continuum to formation of instantaneous dipoles and nonlinear susceptibility associated with both the quantum‐well‐like regions of the cubic layers and polarization‐induced triangular‐like potentials. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanically stretched chromosomes as targets for high-resolution FISH mapping. (1995)

When used with metaphase chromosomes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) makes it possible to localize probes to individual chromosome bands and to establish the order of probes separated by > or = 2-3 Mb in dual-color hybridizations. We evaluated the use of mechanically stretched chromosomes as hybridization targets for increased mapping resolution. Mapping resolution was tested by pair-wise hybridizations with probes from the 1p32-p33 region, spanning distances from 20 to approximately 1500 kb. Probes separated by > or = 170 kb could be ordered relative to one another and to the centromere-telomere axis of the chromosome. The advantages of the technique are the simple procedure for preparing the slides, the straightforward interpretation of the results, and the ability to score the predominant order from < 10 stretched chromosomes. However, because of the variability of stretching from one sample to another, the calculation of actual physical distances between probes is not possible. To illustrate the utility of this method, we showed that the gene for receptor tyrosine kinase TIE lies centromeric to COL9A2, RLF, and L-MYC genes at 1p32. The use of mechanically stretched chromosomes provides < or = 10-fold increased mapping resolution as compared with conventional metaphase FISH. Thus, the technique effectively bridges the gap between metaphase mapping and ultra-high-resolution mapping (1-300 kb) techniques, such as the DNA fiber FISH.
The gastroduodenal mucus barrier and its role in protection against luminal pepsins: The effect of 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2, carbopol‐polyacrylate, sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate (1994)

Mucus and bicarbonate secretions have been widely implicated as an important pre-epithelial protective barrier against autodigestion of the gastric mucosa by acid and pepsin. Evidence from several independent studies shows there is a continuous layer of resilient viscoelastic mucus gel adherent to the surface of the gastroduodenal mucosa. The median thickness of the adherent gastric mucus layer in humans is 180 microns, range 50-450 microns. The epithelial bicarbonate secretion permeates the unstirred matrix of mucus gel neutralizing luminal acid and establishing a pH gradient within the gel. In the duodenum, evidence supports the mucus bicarbonate barrier as a major protective mechanism against acid aggression. The adherent mucus gel, by acting as an effective 'permeability' barrier to pepsin, protects the underlying sensitive mucosa from digestion. However, pepsin slowly digests mucus gel at its luminal surface to produce soluble degraded mucin. In a rat gastric damage model in vivo, pepsin in excess digests the gastric mucus barrier sufficiently rapidly to outweigh new mucus secretion and lead to breaching of the mucus barrier with the formation of small punctate ulcers in the epithelium accompanied by mucosal haemorrhage. The mucus secretagogue 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 and the muco-adhesive carbopol-polyacrylate both fully protected the mucosa against pepsin damage by enhancing the protective properties of the mucus barrier. Sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate were partially effective in protection against pepsin damage but this protection was mainly mediated at the level of the mucosa. In peptic ulcer disease, there is increased mucolytic (mucus degrading) activity in gastric juice and this is associated with an impaired mucin polymeric structure and a weaker mucus barrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bivalent Omicron BA.1–Adapted BNT162b2 Booster in Adults Older than 55 Years (2023)

The candidate monovalent or bivalent omicron BA.1-adapted vaccines had a safety profile similar to that of BNT162b2 (30 μg), induced substantial neutralizing responses against ancestral and omicron BA.1 strains, and, to a lesser extent, neutralized BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.75 strains. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04955626.).
Properties of a Cl−‐Conductive Pathway(s) in Microsomes from Rat Kidney Inner Medulla (1996)

The properties of a protein-kinase-A(PKA)-activated Cl(-)-conductive pathway(s) in alkaline phosphatase-enriched microsomes from the rat inner medulla (IMV) were investigated. Transcripts of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) were detected by reverse transcription/polymerase analysis of total RNA from the inner medulla, while immunoblot analysis using anti-CFTR antibodies detected a 170-kDa protein in the IMV. The PKA Cl(-)-conductive pathway(s) was studied by measuring the rate of valinomycin-induced microsomal swelling by light scattering. PKA increased the rate of valinomycin-induced swelling of vesicles consistent with the presence of Cl(-)-conductive pathway(s). The pharmacological properties and anion selectivity of the PKA-activated Cl(-)-conductive pathway(s) were similar to those of the CFTR Cl(-) channel. Our results show that a CFTR Cl(-) channel and possibly another cAMP-activated pathway(s) may participate in Cl(-) secretion in the rat inner medulla.
Holographic memory based on the angular speckle-selectivity of volume holograms (1998)

The possibility of information storage using the angular speckle-selectivity of volume holograms is analyzed. It is demonstrated that such holograms can be used to construct high-capacity memory elements.
Strange and multistrange particle production in Au + Au collisions atsNN=62.4 GeV (2011)

We present results on strange and multistrange particle production in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV as measured with the STAR detector at RHIC. Midrapidity transverse momentum spectra and integrated yields of ${K}_{S}^{0}$, $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, $\ensuremath{\Xi}$, and $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ and their antiparticles are presented for different centrality classes. The particle yields and ratios follow a smooth energy dependence. Chemical freeze-out parameters, temperature, baryon chemical potential, and strangeness saturation factor obtained from the particle yields are presented. Intermediate transverse momentum (${p}_{T}$) phenomena are discussed based on the ratio of the measured baryon-to-meson spectra and nuclear modification factor. The centrality dependence of various measurements presented show a similar behavior as seen in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV.
Cutaneous Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals After an Acute Bout of Maximal Exercise (2003)

All diabetic individuals exhibit a blunted responsiveness of cutaneous blood flow with local heating to 44 degrees C before maximal exercise compared with active nondiabetic individuals, but after an exercise bout, it remains significantly blunted only in diabetic individuals who are sedentary. These findings occur independently of changes in interstitial NO levels.
Impact of high-thermal budget anneals on polysilicon as a micromechanical material (1998)

With the goal of facilitating the development of surface micromachined polysilicon MEMS with postprocessed on-chip circuitry, we have evaluated the Impart of a 1200/spl deg/C 16-h anneal upon chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) polysilicon under a variety of processing conditions. The results show that undoped polysilicon has a final stress of +10-20 MPa even when the films are vastly different as deposited and that phosphorus doping introduces a compressive trend that is evident only after the long anneal. X-ray diffraction, transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM), and atomic-force-microscopy (AFM) studies of the polysilicon are used to analyze the grain orientations, grain sizes, and surface roughness of the material. The effect of the long anneal on residual stress in wet thermal and CVD oxides is also presented. Overall, the results indicate that the thermal budgets of conservative circuit processes can be accommodated within the fabrication sequence of surface-micromachined polysilicon microstructures.
Tracking Analysis of Hurricane Gonzalo Using Airborne Microwave Radiometer (2016)

There is a huge consideration in the use of microwave airborne radiometry for remote sensing instead of satellite, the important role of airborne way is how to provide high accuracy real time data. The airborne hurricane tracking is an important method compared with the space borne method, which is developed by NASA Marshall Space Flight center to provide high resolution measurements. By flying special aircraft equipment using synthetic thinned array radiometry technology and included all critical measurements such as hurricane eye location, speed of wind and the pressure. This paper describes the data analysis of best track positions for Hurricane Gonzalo based on the date collected by airborne microwave radiometry. Significant analysis comes from comparing the airborne data with the surface observations from ship reports. The vast majority is to estimate peak intensity and minimum central pressure of Gonzalo from 12 to 19 October 2014, based on blend of SFMR flight-level winds and pressure retrievals from observing brightness temperatures. SFMR: Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer is a highly developed tool developed by the Langley Research Center that is designed to measure the wind speed at the ocean's surface, and the rain fall rates within the storm accurately and continuously. The work also addresses the realistic details of the locations and the valuable information about the pressure and wind speed, which is very critical to predict the growth and movement to get the idea for future monitoring of the hurricane disasters. Also presents a conceptual of step frequency microwave radiometer in airborne side. The objective of this research is tracking analysis techniques based on comparing the satellite, ship and airborne reports to get higher accuracy. The system operates at four spaced frequencies in the range between 4 GHz and 7 GHz provides wide measurements between 45 incidence angle. Gonzalo 2014 is an example; the best results of retrieved wind speed, locations and pressure are presented. There are several national projects have been developed for earth observation, such as fire, hurricane and border surveillance. In this work, the efficient high resolution techniques of C-band, four-frequency, the work also addresses a valuable information comes from the airborne system and the prediction way of the growth and movement of hurricanes. In passive microwave remote sensing from space at C band has the penetrating advantages of atmosphere. Airborne system is able to work in full Polari-metric in four bands, C, X, S, L and P-band, which cover the wavelengths from 3 to 85 cm. The modes of measurement contain single channel operation wavelength and polarization.
Dual-layer WDM routing for wafer-scale packaging of photonically-interconnected computing systems (2011)

As an enabling building block to support high bandwidth optical interconnections among supercomputing processing elements, we present the first monolithically integrated chip-to-chip wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical proximity coupler with 4-channel × 200GHz-spacing multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) functionality utilizing an echelle grating, micro reflective mirrors, and waveguide mode transformers on single silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. This new photonic integrated circuits can be utilized to provide a data-rate independent optical interface that surpasses the throughput bottleneck of current electrical data paths.
Examining Gas Kinetics in MATLAB (2007)

Kinetic gas theory is a standard component of the physical chemistry undergraduate curriculum. Its central topic is frequently the derivation of the Maxwell–Boltzmann speed distribution and the different speed averages, such as the mean speed, the root-mean-square speed, and the most probable speed. We describe a student project in which the emergence of this speed distribution can be studied from basic principles. We choose MATLAB as the programming environment for its ease of use and graphical capabilities, which allows students without programming experience to obtain results quickly. Because the students program their own gas simulation software, they are able to study many fundamental issues of gas kinetics in detail, which otherwise remain obscure by using a third-party program, or by studying the equations in the course.
Nanoscale Porous Framework of Lithium Titanate for Ultrafast Lithium Insertion (2012)

Mesoporous lithium titanate has been prepared with a titanate morphology that leads to the fastest insertion of lithium. It features a gravimetric capacity of about 175 mA h g−1 and delivers up to 73 % of the maximum capacity at up to 800 C (4.5 s) without deterioration over 1000 cycles. A key feature is a fully crystalline interconnected porous framework composed of spinel nanocrystals of only a few nanometers in size. Scale bar: 10 nm.