gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paratylenchus ilicis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) Associated with Holly from the Netherlands and New Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Support for the Synonymization of Cacopaurus with Paratylenchus (2022)

<i>Paratylenchus ilicis</i> n. sp. was found associated with holly in the Netherlands and was described based on morphology, morphometrics, rRNA and mitochondrial <i>cox1</i> genes, phylogenetic relationships with other <i>Paratylenchus</i> species, host information and geographical distribution. This species can be morphologically diagnosed based on its light brown, slightly obese to obese females with tubercles on cuticle, lateral bands widening into an ovoid field around vulva level, stylet length of 70 μm to 100 μm, outstretched to reflexed ovary, rounded sperm-filled spermatheca, vagina opening into a thick-walled rounded space, absence of vulval flaps and vulva at 89% to 95% of body length, very short tail in all life stages, and a characteristic finger-like tail tip in juveniles (J2). The new species is morphologically closest to <i>Cacopaurus pestis</i> but differs based on the absence of a scutellum-like differentiation in the lateral field, the ovaries that can be outstretched or reflexed, and the finger-like tail tip in J2. Furthermore, both species were found to be molecularly distant from one another, found in different habitats, and are associated with different hosts. The high morphological similarity between <i>Cacopaurus</i> and <i>Paratylenchus</i> and our phylogenetic analyses, revealing that the former is embedded within different <i>Paratylenchus</i> clades and thus polyphyletic, provide new evidences for the synonymization of <i>Cacopaurus</i> with <i>Paratylenchus</i>.
CCDC 637481: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2007)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A Comparison of Collaborative Information Retrieval (CIR) Behaviors of Two Design Teams (2002)

The goal of the Collaborative Information Retrieval (CIR) Project is to study situations where members of a work-team are seeking, searching, and using information collaboratively. A field study of two design teams (one at Microsoft and the other at the Boeing Company), guided by the Cognitive Work Analysis has provided preliminary results.  These show that: (a) the concept of CIR is illusive and does not easily lend itself to an operational definition; (b) work context has a strong effect on CIR behavior; and (c) not all activities relating to CIR are carried out collaboratively.
Development of a Continuous‐Flow System for the Growth of Compound Semiconductor Thin Films via Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy (1999)

A computer‐controlled, continuous‐flow system was designed for the deposition of compound semiconductor thin films via electrochemical atomic‐layer epitaxy (ECALE). ECALE consists of the alternate underpotential deposition (UPD) of two or more elements to form a compound. Solutions containing the precursor for each UPD layer must be delivered to the electrochemical cell in a sequential fashion with intermediate rinses to avoid unwanted bulk codeposition. An effort has been made to optimize various design parameters including electrochemical cell geometry, solution flow rate, electrodeposition potentials, and deposition‐ and rinse‐step duration. Albeit a prototype, our current design constitutes a significant improvement toward the development of a practically viable ECALE deposition system. Some of the features of our design that may be relevant to the eventual practical use of ECALE include the minimization of the time required for each deposition step, minimization of cell volume and consequently the amount of precursors used, and the ability to maintain potential control throughout the process in order to safeguard the integrity of the deposits. Deposition of CdTe at 30 nm/h at a flow rate of 500 μL/s in a ca. 500 μL cell is reported. Circular films with 13 mm diam were produced. The thickness of the films was relatively uniform within a 3–3.5 mm radius from the center, getting markedly thinner and less uniform outside that area. Preliminary characterization of the films using energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis indicates that stoichiometric growth is achieved. Scanning electron micrographs suggest that the morphology of the films follows the morphology of the underlying vacuum‐evaporated gold substrate. Transmission electron micrographs revealed atomically ordered domains in the 10–100 nm size range. Further improvements in the geometry of the electrochemical cell are required to optimize the solution flow inside the cell. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Reconstitution de la plate-forme européenne anté-orogénique de la Bresse aux Chaînes subalpines; éléments de cinématique alpine (France et Suisse occidentale) (1993)

In the transect of transition from the central to the western part of the alpine arc (Western Switzerland and France) a palinspastic restoration of the alpine foreland is tempted, including the Subalpine Chains (Aravis and Bornes), the Molasse basin and the Jura mountains. Major problems in this reconstruction at the virgation ofthe chain are : (1 the changing directions of tectonic transport during deformation ; (2) the lack of information on the geometry of strike slip faults (and lateral limitations of thrust sheets) and of the amount of tectonic displacement along these faults; (3) the lack of information about the internal architecture ofthe main anticlinal structures of the Jura and the Subalpine Chains. In the Tabular Jura, N-S shortening is limited to minor thrusts. The Plateau Jura, with little transpressive deformation along the "faisceaux", has been thrusted in Late Miocene and Pliocene times to the NW and W on the top of the Bresse basin by a mean distance of about 8 km. In the Folded Jura, the High-Chain of the Central Jura, with strong N-S shortening by thrusting and folding (maximum 20 km), is separated from the less de¬ formed Southern Jura (6 to 8 km internal E-W shortening) by the Vuache-Forens-Les Bouchoux strike-slip fault zone, which is linked to the alpine front by the Vuache-Annecy left lateral strike-slip fault and by the Alby structure. Strain markers indicate changing transport directions from N-S to E-W during the deformation of the Jura, from Early Miocene to now. In the Subalpine chains, a first deformation phase (mainly Oligocene and Early Miocene) indicates SSE-NNW to SE-NW shortening by folding and thrusting of about 8 km, and a second phase is at the origin of 6 km of thrusting from the ESE or E to WNW or W (mainly Miocene and Pliocene).
Anticipation causes increased blood flow to the anterior cingulate cortex (1996)

Increased cerebral blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been noted in a range of cognitively demanding tasks studied with PET. A PET study of 10 normal males was carried out using the bolus H2(15)O intravenous injection technique to examine the effects of anticipation on blood flow to the ACC. In a series of conditions, subjects 1) passively viewed flashing plus signs, 2) noted the occurrence of abstract patterns, 3) named animal pictures, 4) or carried out a semantic judgement on animal pictures. Anticipatory scans were carried out after the subjects were presented with the instructions but before they began the cognitive task, as they were passively viewing plus signs. Significantly increased cerebral blood flow to the ACC was found in all three cognitive tasks when compared with baseline. More importantly, a similar increase was observed in each of the anticipatory states when compared with baseline. When the anticipation scan served as the subtracted baseline for the cognitive task, the increase in blood flow was not significant. This pattern of activity suggests that receiving instructions, preparation, and anticipation of the cognitive task, rather than task-related processing itself, may be responsible for the increased blood flow in the ACC noted in many PET studies of simple cognitive tasks.
A simple shape-free model for pore-size estimation with positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (2013)

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy is one of the methods for estimating pore size in insulating materials. We present a shape-free model to be used conveniently for such analysis. A basic model in classical picture is modified by introducing a parameter corresponding to an effective size of the positronium (Ps). This parameter is adjusted so that its Ps-lifetime to pore-size relation merges smoothly with that of the well-established Tao-Eldrup model (with modification involving the intrinsic Ps annihilation rate) applicable to very small pores. The combined model, i.e., modified Tao-Eldrup model for smaller pores and the modified classical model for larger pores, agrees surprisingly well with the quantum-mechanics based extended Tao-Eldrup model, which deals with Ps trapped in and thermally equilibrium with a rectangular pore.
High-resolution tSZ cartography of clusters of galaxies with NIKA at the IRAM 30-m telescope (2016)

The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZ) is a powerful probe to study clusters of galaxies and is complementary with respect to X-ray, lensing or optical observations. Previous arcmin resolution tSZ observations ({\it e.g.} SPT, ACT and Planck) only enabled detailed studies of the intra-cluster medium morphology for low redshift clusters ($z &lt; 0.2$). Thus, the development of precision cosmology with clusters requires high angular resolution observations to extend the understanding of galaxy cluster towards high redshift. NIKA2 is a wide-field (6.5 arcmin field of view) dual-band camera, operated at $100 \ {\rm mK}$ and containing $\sim 3300$ KID (Kinetic Inductance Detectors), designed to observe the millimeter sky at 150 and 260 GHz, with an angular resolution of 18 and 12 arcsec respectively. The NIKA2 camera has been installed on the IRAM 30-m telescope (Pico Veleta, Spain) in September 2015. The NIKA2 tSZ observation program will allow us to observe a large sample of clusters (50) at redshift ranging between 0.5 and 1. As a pathfinder for NIKA2, several clusters of galaxies have been observed at the IRAM 30-m telescope with the NIKA prototype to cover the various configurations and observation conditions expected for NIKA2.
A method motion simulator design based on modeling characteristics of the human operator (1978)

A design criteria is obtained to compare two simulators and evaluate their equivalence or credibility. In the subsequent analysis the comparison of two simulators can be considered as the same problem as the comparison of a real world situation and a simulation's representation of this real world situation. The design criteria developed involves modeling of the human operator and defining simple parameters to describe his behavior in the simulator and in the real world situation. In the process of obtaining human operator parameters to define characteristics to evaluate simulators, measures are also obtained on these human operator characteristics which can be used to describe the human as an information processor and controller. First, a study is conducted on the simulator design problem in such a manner that this modeling approach can be used to develop a criteria for the comparison of two simulators.
Tissue issues (2018)

Purpose of review This review summarizes our current understanding of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses in mucosal tissues, emphasizing recent work and specifically highlighting papers published over the past 18 months. Recent findings Recent work has improved the standardization of tissue sampling approaches and provided new insights on the abundance, phenotype and distribution of HIV-1-specific T-cell populations in mucosal tissues. In addition, it has recently been established that some lymphocytes exist in tissues as “permanent resident” memory cells that differ from their counterparts in blood. Summary HIV-1-specific T-cell responses have been extensively characterized; however, the vast majority of reports have focused on T-cells isolated from peripheral blood. Mucosal tissues of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts serve as the primary sites of HIV-1 transmission, and provide “front line” barrier defenses against HIV-1 and other pathogens. In addition, the gastrointestinal tract remains a significant viral reservoir throughout the chronic phase of infection. Tissue-based immune responses may be critical in fighting infection, and understanding these defenses may lead to improved vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies.
Sunrayce 99 (2000)

During June 1999, 29 university teams from Canada and the US raced their solar-powered cars 2280 km from Washington DC to Orlando, Florida in the Sunrayce 1999 event. In spite of its name, the race was noteworthy for its lack of sunshine. The challenging and unpredictable weather served to add another dimension to the fiercely competitive race, which is high-profile solar energy showcase. The conditions favoured teams with a superior energy management strategy over outright performance, with many cars able to cover great daily distances at reasonable speeds in spite of the Spartan amount of energy available. The race was won by the University of Missouri–Rolla with an average speed of about 40 km h−1. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust Estimation Method for Stator Temperature Based on Voltage Disturbance Observer Autotuning Resistance for SPMSM (2020)

This paper proposes a new temperature estimation method in steady state that employs a compensation method for estimating the temperature using a new voltage disturbance observer autotuning resistance (VDOB_AR). In the conventional method, the influence of rotor flux variation is eliminated by the estimation system; however, the variation in inductance is not considered. By using the proposed method, inductance variation can be compensated online with the VDOB_AR. In addition, the gains of the VDOB_AR are turned by the estimated value to compensate for the resistance variation depending on motor conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments and the analysis of the factors related to the voltage disturbance.
Horizontal gene transfer provides insights into the deep evolutionary history and biology of Trichinella (2022)

Evolution involves temporal changes in the characteristics of a species that are subsequently propagated or rejected through natural selection. In the case of parasites, host switching also plays a prominent role in the evolutionary process. These changes are rooted in genetic variation and gene flow where genes may be deleted, mutated (sequence), duplicated, rearranged and/or translocated and then transmitted through vertical gene transfer. However, the introduction of new genes is not driven only by Mendelian inheritance and mutation but also by the introduction of DNA from outside a lineage in the form of horizontal gene transfer between donor and recipient organisms. Once introduced and integrated into the biology of the recipient, vertical inheritance then perpetuates the newly acquired genetic factor, where further functionality may involve co-option of what has become a pre-existing physiological capacity. Upon sequencing the <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> (Clade I) genome, a cyanate hydratase (cyanase) gene was identified that is common among bacteria, fungi, and plants, but rarely observed among other eukaryotes. The sequence of the <i>Trichinella</i> cyanase gene clusters with those derived from the Kingdom Plantae in contrast to the genes found in some Clade III and IV nematodes that cluster with cyanases of bacterial origin. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the <i>Trichinella</i> cyanase was acquired during the Devonian period and independently from those of other nematodes. These data may help inform us of the deep evolutionary history and ecological connectivity of early ancestors within the lineage of contemporary <i>Trichinella</i>. Further, in many extant organisms, cyanate detoxification has been largely superseded by energy requirements for metabolism. Thus, deciphering the function of <i>Trichinella</i> cyanase may provide new avenues for treatment and control.
Immune Modulatory Cell Therapy for Hemophilia B Based on CD20-Targeted Lentiviral Gene Transfer to Primary B Cells (2017)

Gene-modified B cells expressing immunoglobulin G (IgG) fusion proteins have been shown to induce tolerance in several autoimmune and other disease models. However, lack of a vector suitable for gene transfer to human B cells has been an obstacle for translation of this approach. To overcome this hurdle, we developed an IgG-human factor IX (hFIX) lentiviral fusion construct that was targeted to specifically transduce cells expressing human CD20 (hCD20). Receptor-specific retargeting by mutating envelope glycoproteins of measles virus (MV)-lentiviral vector (LV) and addition of a single-chain variable fragment specific for hCD20 resulted in gene delivery into primary human and transgenic hCD20 mouse B cells with high specificity. Notably, this protocol neither required nor induced activation of the B cells, as confirmed by minimal activation of inflammatory cytokines. Using this strategy, we were able to demonstrate induction of humoral tolerance, resulting in suppression of antibody formation against hFIX in a mouse model of hemophilia B (HB). In conclusion, transduction of receptor-specific retargeted LV into resting B cells is a promising method to develop B cell therapies for antigen-specific tolerance induction in human disease.
VeA and MvlA repression of the cryptic orsellinic acid gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans involves histone 3 acetylation (2013)

A perplexing aspect of fungal secondary metabolite gene clusters is that most clusters remain 'silent' under common laboratory growth conditions where activation is obtained through gene manipulation or encounters with environmental signals. Few proteins have been found involved in repression of silent clusters. Through multicopy suppressor mutagenesis, we have identified a novel cluster suppressor in Aspergillus nidulans, MvlA (modulator of veA loss). Genetic assessment of MvlA mutants revealed the role of both itself and VeA (but not the VeA partner LaeA) in the suppression of the cryptic ors gene cluster producing orsellinic acid and its F9775 derivatives. Loss of veA upregulates F9775A and F9775B production and this increase is reduced 4-5-fold when an overexpression mvlA (OE:mvlA) allele is introduced into the ΔveA background. Previous studies have implicated a positive role for GcnE (H3K9 acetyltransferase of the SAGA/ADA complex) in ors cluster expression and here we find expression of gcnE is upregulated in ΔveA and suppressed by OE:mvlA in the ΔveA background. H3K9 acetylation levels of ors cluster genes correlated with gcnE expression and F9775 production in ΔveA and OE:mvlAΔveA strains. Finally, deletion of gcnE in the ΔveA background abolishes ors cluster activation and F9775 production. Together, this work supports a role for VeA and MvlA in modifying SAGA/ADA complex activity.
Low-Voltage 60Gb/s NRZ and 100Gb/s PAM4 O-Band Silicon Ring Modulator (2019)

We demonstrate 60Gb/s NRZ and 100Gb/s PAM4 data modulation with an O-band silicon ring modulator with only 1.6V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> and 2.5V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> drive swing respectively, leveraging the large modulation efficiency (55pm/V) and electro-optical bandwidth (35GHz) realized by an optimized vertical PN diode phase shifter design.
Radiation characteristics of a flexible bow-tie antenna (2011)

This paper presents simulation and measurement of a flexible bow-tie which is fabricated at the Flexible Display Center (FDC) of Arizona State University (ASU). The substrate is heat stabilized polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) which allows the antenna to be flexible. The antenna is flexed in the form of a cylinder and its radiation properties are obtained for different radii of curvature. The return loss, radiation patterns and realized gain of the flexed antenna were compared with those of the flat antenna.
Correction of Phase Distortion of an OAM Mode using GS Algorithm based Phase Retrieval (2012)

The Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm based phase retrieval technique is used to correct the wavefront of distorted OAM modes. The simulation results show that this method can efficiently improve the mode purity of OAM modes up to 50% and reduce the crosstalk by about 20 dB.
Automated architecture exploration for low energy reconfigurable AGU (2011)

In this paper, we introduce automated architecture exploration challenge of reconfigurable AGU (Address Generation Unit) based on coarse grained reconfigurable architecture for effective address calculation. To use reconfigurable AGU effectively, it is important to specify its architecture from many architecture candidates. Introduced architecture exploration method enables to explore the vast solution space effectively, and we can obtain the optimal trade-off points about 164 times faster than the exhaustive search.
Pulsed high-power AlGaN-cladding-free blue laser diodes on semipolar (202¯1¯) GaN substrates (2013)

We demonstrate high-power AlGaN-cladding-free blue laser diodes (LDs) on semipolar (202¯1¯) GaN substrates with peak output powers and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) that are comparable to state-of-the-art commercial c-plane devices. Ridge waveguide LDs were fabricated on (202¯1¯) GaN substrates using InGaN waveguiding layers and GaN cladding layers. The devices lased at 454 nm at room temperature. We measured an output power of 2.15 W, an EQE of 39%, and a differential quantum efficiency of 49% from a single facet with a pulsed drive current (current density) of 2.02 A (28.1 kA/cm2).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐ and 4‐Chloro‐1H‐pyrrolo(3,2‐c)pyridin‐4(5H)‐one. (1988)

Abstract The pyrrolopyridinone (I) is chlorinated with a mixture of PCl 5 and POCl 3 in the presence of water to form the 4‐chloro derivative (II).
Imaging skins: Cameras with extremely thin form factors (2011)

We describe a camera architecture that is capable of high resolution imagery generated by a completely planar device. The camera utilizes grating coupled waveguides and scanning to selectively couple light from object points in the far-field. We discuss specific design parameters for maximizing resolution, and demonstrate the imaging performance of the camera on selected objects.