gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
InGaAsP avalanche photodetectors for near IR single photon detection (2007)

Single photon detectors are key components for a wide range of applications in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength range between 1.0 and 1.7 &mu;m. To achieve high performance single photon detection in the NIR wavelength range, single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) based on the InGaAsP quarternary material system lattice-matched to InP are likely to provide the most appropriate solution in numerous situations. In this paper, we describe the design, characterization, and modeling of InGaAsP/InP avalanche diodes designed for single photon detection at wavelengths of 1.55 &mu;m and 1.06 &mu;m. Critical performance parameters of these SPADs, including dark count rate, photon detection efficiency, and afterpulsing have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The models developed for the simulation of device performance provided good agreement with experimental results. The relationship between dark count rate and photon detection efficiency is investigated for 1.55 &mu;m SPADs under gated mode operation and 1.06 &mu;m SPADs under both gated mode and free-running operations. We also describe in detail the dependence of afterpulsing effects on numerous operating conditions.
Data from ER Stress Signaling Promotes the Survival of Cancer “Persister Cells” Tolerant to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;An increasingly recognized component of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) involves persistence of a drug-tolerant subpopulation of cancer cells that survive despite effective eradication of the majority of the cell population. Multiple groups have demonstrated that these drug-tolerant persister cells undergo transcriptional adaptation via an epigenetic state change that promotes cell survival. Because this mode of TKI drug tolerance appears to involve transcriptional addiction to specific genes and pathways, we hypothesized that systematic functional screening of EGFR TKI/transcriptional inhibitor combination therapy would yield important mechanistic insights and alternative drug escape pathways. We therefore performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 enhancer/suppressor screen in EGFR-dependent lung cancer PC9 cells treated with erlotinib + THZ1 (CDK7/12 inhibitor) combination therapy, a combination previously shown to suppress drug-tolerant cells in this setting. As expected, suppression of multiple genes associated with transcriptional complexes (EP300, CREBBP, and MED1) enhanced erlotinib/THZ1 synergy. Unexpectedly, we uncovered nearly every component of the recently described ufmylation pathway in the synergy suppressor group. Loss of ufmylation did not affect canonical downstream EGFR signaling. Instead, absence of this pathway triggered a protective unfolded protein response associated with STING upregulation, promoting protumorigenic inflammatory signaling but also unique dependence on Bcl-xL. These data reveal that dysregulation of ufmylation and ER stress comprise a previously unrecognized TKI drug tolerance pathway that engages survival signaling, with potentially important therapeutic implications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings reveal a novel function of the recently described ufmylation pathway, an ER stress survival signaling in drug-tolerant persister cells, which has important biological and therapeutic implications. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(4); 1044–57. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Exploring synthetic immunity: From boutique to global (2017)

With a father who was a research scientist and a mother who was a nurse, one would think a career in biomedical research may have been pre-ordained. However, growing up in the Apollo era, I had vis...
Elastomers FormedIn-Situin Epoxy Resins: Chemistry and Toughening (1993)

Abstract The chemistry of the in-situ formation of elastomer particles in epoxy resins is described. Under normal synthetic conditions, if one polymerizes an acrylic monomer in an epoxy resin, the resulting polymer is soluble in the epoxy resin or it grossly phase separates, depending upon the solubility parameter difference between the acrylic polymer and the epoxy resin. This work shows that with the use of a specifically tailored material (which we believe operates as a “polymeric surfactant”) in the reaction mixture, a free-flowing, stable suspension of acrylic elastomer particles in epoxy resin can be obtained. Thus, the reaction product of isocyanatoethylmethacrylate and EPONTM 1009 can be used as the polymeric surfactant in a reaction mixture containing hexyl acrylate, azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) and the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. The resulting dispersion is stable to settling even after exposure to 150°C. When properly formulated, the resulting modified epoxy resins are improved in their fracture resistance after cure over a similar resin without the elastomeric particles. The effect of the following parameters on the fracture resistance of the cured epoxy resin are discussed: chemistry of the polymeric surfactant, chain extension in the cure of the epoxy resin, type of acrylic monomer and the level of the elastomer. The physical properties of several adhesive formulations based upon these modified epoxy resins are also discussed.
Mixed-valent palladium(iv/ii)-oxoanion, [PdIVO6PdII6((CH3)2AsO2)6]2− (2022)

We report on the first example of a Pd<sup>IV</sup>-containing polyoxopalladate(II). The discrete mixed-valent polyoxopalladate(IV/II), [Pd<sup>IV</sup>PdII6O<sub>6</sub>((CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AsO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, comprising a central Pd<sup>IV</sup> ion that is surrounded by a six-membered Pd<sup>II</sup>-oxo ring capped by six dimethylarsinate groups, was synthesized and structurally characterized in the solid state, in solution and in the gas phase by multiple analytical techniques.
Natural Killer Cell Immunomodulation: Targeting Activating, Inhibitory, and Co-stimulatory Receptor Signaling for Cancer Immunotherapy (2015)

There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. In the early phases of cancer immune surveillance, NK cells directly identify and lyse cancer cells. Nascent transformed cells elicit NK cell activation and are eliminated. However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors.
Leading-Edge Thin-Layer MOSFET Potential Modeling Toward Short-Channel Effect Suppression and Device Optimization (2019)

A novel compact model has been developed, which considers the origin of the short-channel effect (SCE) on the basis of the potential distribution along the channel. Thus an enlargement of the insight into SCE suppression in advanced thin-layer MOSFETs is enabled. The model is extended to include the diffusion region resistance effects caused by the drain-side doping by applying the methodology of the industry-standard high-voltage MOSFET model HiSIM_HV. Usage for studying possible device optimizations revealed that clear improvements in the subthreshold characteristics due to suppression of SCEs can be achieved by slightly increasing the drain-side diffusion resistance. Disadvantageous effects on the device and circuit performances were found to be negligible.
[Pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap for cervicofacial reconstruction: a 9-year experience]. (1991)

The Pectoralis major island flap for cervico-facial reconstructions: a nine year experience. The pectoralis major m.c. flap was used for the restoration of post-tumorectomy defects in 220 patients (n = 224). 181 flaps were used for internal and 43 for external reconstructions. The overall failure rate was 9% (2.7% partial failures and 6.4% total failures). The causes which led to partial or total necrosis of a flap are analyzed. The results are compared to those of the literature. It is concluded that the above mentioned is a versatile flap in cervico-facial reconstructive surgery with a high success rate provided certain basic principles are respected during dissection and during the early postoperative period.
Ensure process vent collection system safety (1996)

As more and more environmental initiatives are promulgated, process vent collection systems (VCSs) are being increasingly installed. Fires, pressure-producing deflagrations, and even detonations are possible in some systems containing flammable vapors. Mixing of reactive or thermally unstable chemicals may also introduce new hazards. Due to the interconnective nature of VCSs, hazards iniated in them may have the potential to impact on more than one unit operation. In this paper, administrative, design, and operational recommandations are made to adequately deal with the safety issues that such system present. This article summarizes the guidance that the author company provides to users to ensure that VCSs are designed and operated to be safe
Assessment of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Binding to the Surface of Leukocytes with Dark‐Field Imaging and Computational Analysis (2021)

Abstract The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is widely established as a traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarker and can be used in early diagnosis. As essential primary human immune cells, leukocytes are recruited to injured cerebral sites during TBI response, where they can interact with and potentially bind to TBI biomarkers. To date, no studies have demonstrated ultra‐low GFAP binding enumeration on leukocytes. Herein, a dark‐field imaging technique coupled with computational analysis is introduced to quantify GFAP bound to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Dark‐field microscopy (DFM) with a custom‐written image acquisition software is developed for rapid 3D PBMC imaging by utilizing specific antiGFAP monoclonal antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles (antiGFAP‐AuNPs) as contrast‐generating probes. Subsequently, the developed algorithm is utilized in processing thousands of acquired images for rapid visualization and enumeration of bound antiGFAP‐AuNP on each leukocyte. The proposed method is demonstrates the specific binding of GFAP to the surface of PBMCs on a healthy donor blood. Thereafter, subpopulations of PBMCs with antiGFAP‐AuNP binding are identified with the assistance of fluorescence imaging and DFM imaging, paving a new way to understanding the relationship between TBI and leukocyte classes. Hence, this study offers a rapid and ultra‐sensitive strategy for biomarker assessment following TBI.
Topoclimatic aspects of developmental suitability in the metropolitan landscape (1977)

A computer-based procedure for geographically identifying rating, and ranking topoclimatic characteristics is described. The influences of topography, land use, and soils are considered and combined into a single composite topoclimate developmental suitability map drawn by a Cal Comp plotter. By allocating development to the most suitable topoclimate areas, the long-term energy costs of maintaining human health and comfort could be minimized.
Calcium phosphate functionalisation of Ti6Al4V scaffolds by perfusion electrodeposition (2010)

Introduction: Functionalisation of titanium (Ti) implants with calcium phosphate (CaP) is a widely used approach in orthopaedic applications to obtain a mechanically strong system that is Osteoconductive . In order to deposit CaP in a controlled way on complex 3D Ti surfaces, like scaffolds, this study applied a perfusion electrodeposition (P-ELD) system. Materials and Methods: 3D Ti-scaffolds were fabricated by selective laser melting. A P-ELD system was developed to deposit CaP onto Ti-scaffolds (cathode) using a platinum ring as anode. A supersaturated calcium phosphate (SCP) solution was used as electrolyte. A full factorial (24) design was performed to analyse the effect of current density (I), temperature (T), deposition time (t) and flow rate (f) on the characteristics of the deposited CaP. The parameter I and t were optimised by performing P-ELD at: (a) varying I at constant t (12 hr) and (ii) varying t at constant I (3 mA/cm2). The coating morphology, distribution, thickness, crystalinity and Ca/P ratio were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro- analysis (EPMA). The biocompatibility of CaP-coated Ti-scaffolds was tested by live-dead staining and SEM-analysis of human periosteum derived cells (HPDCs) seeded scaffolds after 7 days of culture. Results and Discussion: CaP deposition increased with increasing t, T and f, whereas 20 & 40 mA/cm2 of I were too high and disrupted CaP deposition. In fact, the effect of t and the t-f interaction on the CaP deposition were statistically significant (p=0.001 & p=0.019). 50 oC and 10 ml/min were selected for subsequent experiments. SEM analysis showed that P-ELD for t > 6 hr with 2 – 10 mA/cm2 resulted in a full coating of the scaffolds, up to a thickness of 40μm and with a Ca/P ratio of 1.41. Interestingly, P-ELD at 5 mA/cm2 for 6 hr produced a cauli flower-like crystal structure of 28 μm thick with a Ca/P ratio of 1.45. XRD analysis indicated that the CaP coatings were carbonated synthetic hydroxyapatite. Live-dead staining of HPDCs cultured on coated Ti-scaffolds for 7 days showed high cell viability and biocompatibility. SEM imaging showed that the HPDCs had a fibroblastic phenotype and interacted with the CaP coating. Conclusion: Perfusion electrodeposition (P-ELD) can become a useful tool to functionalise complex Ti structures (e.g. scaffolds) with CaP, in which the physiochemical properties of the CaP coating could be controlled and optimised for effective bone formation.
Catechol oxidation by peroxidase-positive astrocytes in primary culture: an electron spin resonance study (1991)

In rodents, chronic estrogenization has been shown to induce degeneration of dendrites and myelin figures in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus adjacent to peroxidase-positive astrocyte processes. Because in this brain region estradiol is metabolized to 2-hydroxyestradiol (catecholestrogen), we hypothesized that the latter may be oxidized by the astrocytic peroxidase activity to cytotoxic ortho-semiquinones as occurs in peripheral tissues. Cysteamine induces nonenzymatic peroxidase activity in cultured astroglia identical to that observed in vivo. Using electron spin resonance, we demonstrate robust peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 2-hydroxyestradiol and dopamine by cysteamine-pretreated astrocyte cultures relative to untreated controls. These results implicate the peroxidase-positive astrocytes in the pathogenesis of estradiol-related hypothalamic damage, parkinsonism, and other free-radical-related neurologic disorders.
Safety and efficacy of mucosal immunotherapy using human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7-expressing Lactobacillus-based vaccine for the treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL): the study protocol of a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (MILACLE study) (2019)

We developed an HPV16 E7-expressing Lactobacillus-based therapeutic vaccine, IGMKK16E7, to elicit mucosal E7-specific TH1 cellular immune responses. This study aims to examine the safety and clinical efficacy of IGMKK16E7 on HPV16-positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). This is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized phase I/II trial to test the safety and efficacy of IGMKK16E7 against HPV16-positive HSIL. The groups will include placebo, low-dose (0.5 g/day), middle-dose (1 g/day), and high-dose (1.5 g/day) IGMKK16E7. The target sample size will be 41 patients per group, and our data on our former agent, GLBL101c, were used to calculate sample size for 70% power and an α level = 0.05. The primary endpoint is IGMKK16E7 safety and pathological regression at week 16, and the secondary endpoints are cytological regression and HPV16 E7 immunological response. This study protocol has been approved by the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Patient enrollment will begin in May 2019.
Definition of Nonvolatile Markers for Flavor of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.) as Tools in Selection and Breeding (1999)

A methodology for flavor and composition assessment of processed tomato juice samples was developed using a wide range of commercial processing tomato varieties (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown in Spain and the United States. Fruitiness intensity was found by a trained panel to best describe overall tomato flavor. For two consecutive years, fruitiness intensity was significantly dependent on growing location and variety, and it was consistently linked to increased levels of glucose and reducing sugars and decreased glutamic acid content. Using the same procedure on a population of 176 breeding lines derived from the wild species of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, it was shown that tomato fruitiness intensity was significantly correlated to reducing sugars/glutamic acid ratio and glucose and glutamic acid contents. The definition of markers for tomato flavor of processed juice can provide the tomato breeder and processor with reliable analytical tools that can be applied in a straightforward way for the identification of raw materials that can be processed into juice with predictably high or low fruitiness.
Latest progresses in the preparation of tannin-based cellular solids (2014)

Tannins are non toxic, cheap and abundant polyphenolic oligomers extracted from tree barks. They can be easily used for preparing thermoset resins that are natural at the 70–95% level, depending on the cases. From these resins, highly porous monoliths can be obtained by different techniques such as classical physical or chemical foaming, mixed physical/chemical foaming, by less-conventional methods such as emulsion-templating and stabilisation and hardening of either aerated emulsions or liquid foams. The resultant materials are not only interesting per se, but are also key precursors of novel cellular carbons having a broad range of applications. The present paper briefly reviews the latest advances for producing tannin-based cellular materials and their related characteristics and properties.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of a Novel Series of Tricyclic Dihydropyridine-Based KATP Openers That Potently Inhibit Bladder Contractions in Vitro (2004)

Structure-activity relationships were investigated on a novel series of tricyclic dihydropyridine-containing K(ATP) openers. This diverse group of analogues, comprising a variety of heterocyclic rings fused to the dihydropyridine nucleus, was designed to determine the influence on activity of hydrogen-bond-donating and -accepting groups and their stereochemical disposition. Compounds were evaluated for K(ATP) activity in guinea pig bladder cells using a fluorescence-based membrane potential assay and in a pig bladder strip assay. The inhibition of spontaneous bladder contractions in vitro was also examined for a subset of compounds. All compounds studied showed greater potency to inhibit spontaneous bladder contractions relative to their potencies to inhibit contractions elicited by electrical stimulation.
Challenge to the Charging Model of Semiconductor-Nanocrystal Fluorescence Intermittency from Off-State Quantum Yields and Multiexciton Blinking (2010)

Semiconductor nanocrystals emit light intermittently; i.e., they ``blink,'' under steady illumination. The dark periods have been widely assumed to be due to photoluminescence (PL) quenching by an Auger-like process involving a single additional charge present in the nanocrystal. Our results challenge this long-standing assumption. Close examination of exciton PL intensity time traces of single CdSe(CdZnS) core(shell) nanocrystals reveals that the dark state PL quantum yield can be 10 times less than the biexciton PL quantum yield. In addition, we observe spectrally resolved multiexciton emission and find that it also blinks with an on/off ratio greater than $10\ensuremath{\mathbin:}1$. These results directly contradict the predictions of the charging model.
Correction: Self-cleaning, high transmission, near unity haze OTS/silica nanostructured glass (2023)

Correction for ‘Self-cleaning, high transmission, near unity haze OTS/silica nanostructured glass’ by Sajad Haghanifar et al. , J. Mater. Chem. C , 2018, 6 , 9191–9199, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC02513D.
Zeolites H-[Ga]ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5. A comparative study of the introduction of transition-metal cations by a solid-state reaction (1989)

A comparative electron spin resonance study of the solid-state reaction of Cu, Fe, Cr or V compounds with H-ZSM-5 and H-[Ga]ZSM-5 has been carried out. The protonic (acid) sites in H-[Ga]ZSM-5 are less powerful and less thermostable ‘traps’ for migrating cationic species than those in H-ZSM-5. In contrast to the case of H-ZSM-5, the sites in H-[Ga]ZSM-5 are not strong enough to stabilize the isolated vanadyl species. However CuII, FeIII and Crv ions which migrate from the outer surface of the zeolite crystals are coordinated in the cationic positions of H-[Ga]ZSM-5. The majority of the ions in H-[Ga]ZSM-5, like those in H-ZSM-5, are located as isolated coordinatively unsaturated cationic species accessible to gas-phase molecules. The presence of superhyperfine splitting in the e.s.r. spectra of Crv provides evidence of an electronic interaction between the unpaired electron of Crv and the nuclear spin of lattice Al3+ or Ga3+ ions.
Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with Modified Styrene Ethers: Influence of Steric and Electronic Effects. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
DFB Laser: External Modulator Fiber Optic Delay Line For Radar Applications (1989)

A unique application of a long fiber optic delay line as a radar repeater to improve radar testing capabilities is described. Using a 31.6 kilometer long experimental externally modulated fiber optic link with a DFB laser, we demonstrated the first known generation of 152 microsecond delayed ideal target at X-band (10 GHz) frequencies having the phase stability and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needed for testing modern high resolution Doppler radars.
Preparation of Pectin–ZnO Nanocomposite (2008)

Pectin-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared in the aqueous solution condition at room temperature. The Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements confirmed the nanoscaled structure of pectin-ZnO composite. According to the TEM observation, the average composite granules size was about 150 nm and the embedded ZnO nanoparticles were uniform with an average diameter of 70 nm.