gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovering affine equalities using random interpretation (2003)

We present a new polynomial-time randomized algorithm for discovering affine equalities involving variables in a program. The key idea of the algorithm is to execute a code fragment on a few random inputs, but in such a way that all paths are covered on each run. This makes it possible to rule out invalid relationships even with very few runs.The algorithm is based on two main techniques. First, both branches of a conditional are executed on each run and at joint points we perform an affine combination of the joining states. Secondly, in the branches of an equality conditional we adjust the data values on the fly to reflect the truth value of the guarding boolean expression. This increases the number of affine equalities that the analysis discovers.The algorithm is simpler to implement than alternative deterministic versions, has better computational complexity, and has an extremely small probability of error for even a small number of runs. This algorithm is an example of how randomization can provide a trade-off between the cost and complexity of program analysis, and a small probability of unsoundness.
Supplementary Figure 2 from SIRT1 Pathway Dysregulation in the Smoke-Exposed Airway Epithelium and Lung Tumor Tissue (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file,79K, Pathway activation predictions for each control dataset. A. ATM pathway activation is increased in H1299 and transiently decreased and then restored in H460 cells exposed to 2 Gy of ionizing radiation (IR). RNA from the cells was sampled pre-exposure (n=12) and at various time points post-exposure (n=30) and hybridized to Affymetrix Gene 1.0 ST microarray (GSE20549). B. GPX1 pathway activation is decreased in response to a selenium deficient diet. Rats were fed selenium deficient diets (n=3) or supplemented with sodium selenite up to 5ug/g for 28 days (n=15). Rat livers were harvested and RNA was isolated and hybridized to Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 microarrays (GSE23895). C. IKBKB pathway activation is increased after retrovirus infection with the IKBKB. H929 and SACHI cells lines were infected with retroviruses containing MAP3K14 (n=6), IKBKB (n=6) compared with controls were no infection was conducted (n=6). RNA was isolated and hybridized to Affymetrix HGU133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (GSE18047). D. SIRT1 pathway activation is increased in A549 cells treated with resveratrol. A549 cells treated with an ethanol control (n=1) or 25 microM of resveratrol (n=3) for 48h and RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix HGU133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (GSE9008). E. SIRT1 pathway activity is decreased in the SIRT1 knockdown compared to the control. MCF-7 cells were treated with two retroviral constructs, a shRNA to knockdown SIRT1 (n=3), and a shRNA directed against Luciferase (n=3) and RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix HGU133A 2.0 microarrays (GSE13459). F. SIRT1 pathway activation was increased in cells treated with tobacco smoke condensate (TSC). A549 cells or Calu-6 cells were cultured with and without TSC and hybridized to Affymetrix HGU133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (GSE13309). For each cells type, there were 3 controls and 9 samples treated with TSC.&lt;/p&gt;
Recombinant human erythroid potentiating activity enhances the effect of erythropoietin in mice (1990)

Abstract: Endotoxin‐free purified recombinant human erythroid potentiating activity (EPA) was administered to mice either alone or concomitantly with recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo). Epo treatment alone caused an increased hematocrit and reticulocyte count in the peripheral blood. In the spleen, the number of morphologically recognizable erythroid cells, CFU‐E and BFU‐E was also increased. Concomitant administration of EPA with Epo further enhanced erythropoiesis as judged by the same parameters. No significant effect on granulopoiesis was observed in association with Epo or combined Epo and EPA treatment. Our data indicates that EPA is active in vivo in augmenting the erythropoietic response to Epo.
1983 Invited address solved problems, unsolved problems and non-problems in concurrency (1984)

This is an edited transcript of a talk given at last year's conference. To preserve the flavor of the talk and the questions, I have done very little editing—mostly eliminating superfluous words and phrases, correcting especially atrocious grammar, and making the obvious changes needed when replacing slides by figures. The tape recorder was not functioning for the first few minutes, so I had to recreate the beginning of the talk.
Regenerative Endodontic Therapy Using Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Amelogenin for the Treatment of Non-vital Immature Permanent Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: An Animal Study (2021)

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRR) was proposed to serve as a possible scaffold model for regenerative endodontic therapies. However, its treatment outcomes are still controversial. Amelogenin protein has been shown to induce stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of amelogenin to PRP in non-vital immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis can improve their treatment outcomes. Methods: Root canals of both maxillary and mandibular premolars in 8 mongrel dogs (n= 128) were instrumented and left open. After 14 days, in a second surgical procedure, canals were cleaned, irrigated, and treated with PRP (n=64) and PRP + amelogenin (n=64). After 1 and 3 months, animals were killed, and treated teeth were evaluated for histological and immune detection for nestin markers. Results: After 1 and 3 months post-surgery, PRP-treated canals showed full closure of opened apexes but minimal cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and bone regeneration. Importantly, no pulp regeneration was recognized. In contrast, PRP + amelogenin-treated canals at 1 and 3 months showed full closure of opened apexes, significant deposition of cementum, bone, regeneration of PDL, and pulp-like tissue regeneration compared to PRP-treated groups (p&lt;0.001). By the 3-month period, full regeneration of all the lost dental-pulp complex tissues was seen, including vascular pulp-like tissue. Conclusions: PRP alone did not achieve the desired treatment outcomes, but after addition of amelogenin protein, it induced pulpal regeneration and regenerated the whole attachment apparatus. This combination could serve as a novel approach for regenerative endodontic therapy in non-vital immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis. However, additional research is warranted to further evaluate the effect of such a combination in different animal settings before administrating this approach in clinical cases.
MACE (2017)

We present a new interface for interactive comparisons of more than two alternative documents in the context of a generative design system that uses generative data-flow networks defined via directed acyclic graphs. To better show differences between such networks, we emphasize added, deleted, (un)changed nodes and edges. We emphasize differences in the output as well as parameters using highlighting and enable post-hoc merging of the state of a parameter across a selected set of alternatives. To minimize visual clutter, we introduce new difference visualizations for selected nodes and alternatives using additive and subtractive encodings, which improve readability and keep visual clutter low. We analyzed similarities in networks from a set of alternative designs produced by architecture students and found that the number of similarities outweighs the differences, which motivates use of subtractive encoding. We ran a user study to evaluate the two main proposed difference visualization encodings and found that they are equally effective.
High-speed interface for the STARNET optical WDM network (1994)

Technological progress and increasing user demands are providing a strong impetus for developing high-speed communications networks capable of delivering large payloads under strict delay constraints. STARNET, a broadband optical wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) network intended to provide a wide variety of network services, was designed at the Optical Communication Research Laboratory of Stanford University.1 Over a single physical passive-star-topology network, STARNET offers all users both a moderate-speed (125-Mbit/s) packet-switched subnetwork and a reconfigurable high-speed circuit-switched subnetwork. These goals are achieved by using coherent detection and a combined amplitude-shift-keying/phase-shift-keying (ASK/PSK) modulation format. Reference 1 provides the principle of operation of STARNET; Ref. 2 provides experimental results of the combined modulation technique.
Sensors in Distributed Mixed Reality Environments (2018)

With the advances in sensors and computer networks an increased number of Mixed Reality (MR) applications require large amounts of information from the real world. Such information is collected through sensors (e.g. position and orientation tracking sensors). These sensors collect data from the physical environment in real-time at different locations and a distributed system connecting them must assure data distribution among collaborative sites at interactive speeds. We propose a new architecture for sensor based interactive distributed environments that falls in-between the atomistic peer-to-peer model and the traditional client-server model. Each node in the system is autonomous and fully manages its resources and connectivity. The dynamic behavior of the nodes is triggered by the human participants that manipulate the sensors attached to the nodes.
A Mouse Model of Angiotensin II Slow Pressor Response (2002)

ABSTRACT. The slow pressor response to prolonged infusions of angiotensin II (AngII) entails a delayed rise in BP. This study investigated the hypothesis that the response depends on the generation of oxidative stress. The BP and renal functional response of mice to graded doses (200, 400, and 1000 ng. kg(-1). min(-1)) of subcutaneously infused AngII was studied. The SBP of conscious mice increased by day 3 at AngII1000 but showed a delayed rise by days 9 to 13 (slow pressor response) at the lower rates of AngII infusion. By day 13, there was a graded increase in SBP with the rate of AngII infusion (Vehicle, -2.6 +/- 2.6%; AngII200, +14.1 +/- 5.0%; AngII400, +31.9 +/- 1.9%; AngII1000, +43.2 +/- 5.5%). The MAP measured under anesthesia rose significantly (P < 0.001) with AngII400 at 14 d (Vehicle, 85 +/- 2 mmHg; AngII400, 100 +/- 3 mmHg). When studied at day 6, the MAP of AngII400 rats was not elevated (88 +/- 2 mmHg; NS versus vehicle), yet the GFR was higher (1.05 +/- 0.05 versus 1.25 +/- 0.05 ml. min(-1). g(-1); P < 0.05) accompanied by an increase in the filtration fraction (FF) (28.8 +/- 1.2 versus 37.2 +/- 0.8%; P < 0.001). From day 6 through day 14, the MAP had increased (P < 0.01) in AngII400, accompanied by a significant reduction in GFR to 1.05 +/- 0.04 ml. min(-1). g(-1) (P < 0.01) and elevation of renal vascular resistance (RVR) (day 6 versus day 14, 15.3 +/- 0.6 versus 19.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg. ml(-1). min(-1). g(-1); P < 0.05). Renal excretion of 8-iso PGF(2alpha) was increased in AngII400 group at day 12 (2.52 +/- 0.35 versus 5.85 +/- 0.78 pg. day(-1); P < 0.01). The permeant superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol reduced the effects of AngII400 on the SBP (-1.7 +/- 5.8%; P < 0.01), the MAP (87 +/- 4 mmHg; P < 0.01), and the RVR (15.2 +/- 0.5 mmHg. ml(-1). min(-1). g(-1); P < 0.05) at day 14 and the renal 8-iso PGF(2alpha) excretion (3.53 +/- 0.71 pg. d(-1); P < 0.05) at day 12. It is concluded that the AngII infused mouse is a valid model for the slow pressor response. There is an early rise in GFR and FF, consistent with increased postglomerular vascular resistance and a late rise in RVR with a fall in GFR, consistent with increased preglomerular vascular resistance that is accompanied by a rise in BP. There is evidence of increased oxidative stress that is implicated in the increase in the BP and RVR in this model.
A 3500fps High-Speed CMOS Image Sensor with 12b Column-Parallel Cyclic A/D Converters (2006)

This paper presents a high-speed CMOS image sensor with a global electronic shutter and 12b column parallel cyclic A/D converters. The fabricated chip in 0.25mum CMOS imager technology achieves the full frame rate in excess of 3500 frames per second. The in-pixel charge amplifier achieves the optical sensitivity of 19.9V/lx middot s and the dynamic range of 60dB
Metallorganische Lewis-Säuren, XXXV. Bildung und Struktur chalkogenverbrückter Metallkomplexe: [{(μ5-C5H5)(OC)2Fe}2SeSe{Fe(CO)2(μ5-C5H5)}]+BF4 - und [(μ5-C5H5)(OC)2FeS(R)Re(CO)5]+BF4 - (R = Me, Ph) / Organometallic Lewis Acids, XXXV. Formation and Stucture of Chalcogen Bridged Metal Complexes: [{(μ5-C5H5)(OC)2Fe}2SeSe{Fe(CO)2(μ5-C5H5)}]+BF4 - and [(μ5-C5H5)(OC)2FeS(R)Re(CO)5]+BF4 - (R = Me, Ph) (1988)

The cationic diselenium bridged title compound 2 and [{(μ 5 -C5H5)(CO) 2 Fe} 3 Se] + BF 4 - have been isolated from the reaction of (OC) 5 ReFBF 3 with (μ 2 -Se n )[(μ 5 -C 5 H 5 )(CO) 2 Fe] 2 (n = 1, 2). The heterometallic μ-thiolato title complex has been prepared from (OC) 5 ReFBF 3 and (μ 5 -C 5 H 5 )(OC) 2 FeSR (R = Me. Ph; 4). The structures of 2 and 4a have been determined by X-ray diffraction analyses.
A two-stage-training support vector machine approach to predicting unintentional vehicle lane departure (2016)

Advanced driver assistance systems, such as unintentional lane departure warning systems, have recently drawn much attention and efforts. In this study, we explored utilizing the nonlinear binary support vector machine (SVM) technique to predict unintentional lane departure, which is innovative, as the SVM methodology has not previously been attempted for this purpose in the literature. Furthermore, we developed a two-stage training scheme to improve SVM's prediction performance in terms of minimization of the number of false positive prediction errors. Experiment data generated by VIRTTEX, a hydraulically powered, 6-degrees-of-freedom moving base driving simulator at Ford Motor Company, were used. All the vehicle variables were sampled at 50 Hz and there were 16 drowsy drivers (about 3 hours of driving per subject) and six control drivers (approximately 20 minutes f driving each). In total, 3,508 unintentional lane departures occurred for the drowsy drivers and 23 for the control drivers. Our study involving these 22 drivers with a total of more than 7.5 million prediction decisions demonstrates that (a) excellent SVM prediction performance, measured by numbers of false positives (i.e., falsely predicted lane departures) and false negatives (i.e., lane departures failed to be predicted), was achieved when the prediction horizon was 0.6 seconds or less, (b) lateral position and lateral velocity worked the best as SVM input variables among the nine variable sets that we explored, and (c) the radial basis function performed the best as the SVM kernel function.
A Phospholipase Specific for Sphingomyelin from Clostridium perfringens (1968)

Abstract An enzyme that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphorylcholine has been purified from the growth medium of Clostridium perfringens. The activity of the enzyme is stimulated about 2-fold by magnesium chloride and by diethyl ether. The activity of the enzyme is completely inhibited by 10-3 m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or 10-3 m calcium chloride. Lysolecithin and dipalmitoyl lecithin are hydrolyzed at about 10% of the rate of sphingomyelin. No hydrolysis of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, or phosphatidylinositol is detected. The enzyme does not catalyze the exchange of phosphorylcholine-14C into sphingomyelin.
Plasma protein signature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (2013)

Introduction: Novel protein biomarkers of IPF may provide new insights into disease pathobiology, facilitate diagnosis, and predict disease progression. Objective: Broadly define the plasma protein profile of IPF and identify markers of disease activity. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 30 Caucasian male IPF patients and 20 demographically matched healthy volunteers. IPF samples were selected to include 15 patients that experienced significant decline in forced vital capacity over 48 weeks (median -15.2%) and 15 with a lower level of decline (median -2.7%). 1129 proteins were quantified using an aptamer-based proteomic platform (SomaLogic). Data were median normalized and differentially expressed proteins identified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with corrections for multiple comparisons (FDR &lt;0.01 and fold change ≥1.2x). Pathway analysis was performed using MetaCore (Thomson Reuters). Results: The plasma protein signature of IPF is markedly different from that of healthy volunteers. Consistent with previous reports, markers including MMP-7, periostin, and CCL18 are significantly increased in IPF plasma. In addition, several differentially expressed proteins correspond to mRNAs known to be differentially expressed in IPF lung tissue. Among several newly identified biomarkers are the secreted growth factors pleiotrophin and midkine. The plasma protein profile of IPF shows activation of pathways involved in immune response, cytokine signaling, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Conclusions: Our results provide a broad, unbiased characterization of the plasma protein profile of IPF and define significant alterations relative to healthy individuals. Further analysis to identify markers of disease progression is underway.
Connecting entanglement in time and space: Improving the folding algorithm (2015)

The ``folding algorithm'' [M. C. Ba\~nuls, M. B. Hastings, F. Verstraete, and J. I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 240603 (2009)] is a matrix product state algorithm for simulating quantum systems that involves a spatial evolution of a matrix product state. Hence, the computational effort of this algorithm is controlled by the temporal entanglement. We show that this temporal entanglement is, in many cases, equal to the spatial entanglement of a modified Hamiltonian. This inspires a modification to the folding algorithm, which we call the ``hybrid algorithm.'' We find that this leads to improved accuracy for the same numerical effort. We then use these algorithms to study relaxation in a transverse plus parallel field Ising model, finding persistent quasiperiodic oscillations for certain choices of initial conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Practical Method for the Synthesis of Acetylenes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deposition of Pt inside fuel cell electrodes using high power impulse magnetron sputtering (2014)

The high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) process is used to incorporate catalytic nanoclusters of platinum into microporous carbon. Such a process leads to an enhancement of the Pt species' penetration into the porous medium, as evidenced by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis. Each sample of catalyzed porous carbon is tested as a cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). An increase of 80% at 0.65 V of the PEMFC power density for a low catalyst loading of 0.02 mg cm−2 highlights the use of the HiPIMS process versus the conventional dc magnetron sputtering process.
Empagliflozin, a novel selective sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitor: characterisation and comparison with other SGLT‐2 inhibitors (2011)

Empagliflozin is a potent and competitive SGLT-2 inhibitor with an excellent selectivity profile and the highest selectivity window of the tested SGLT-2 inhibitors over hSGLT-1. Empagliflozin represents an innovative therapeutic approach to treat diabetes.
Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers based on epitaxial regrowth (2013)

Design optimization of semiconductor photonic crystal laser (PCSEL) structure is discussed Mode confinement is compared for all-semiconductor and void PCSELs. A re-grown PCSEL, lasing at room-temperature based on GaAs/InGaP re-growth is realised, and device characteristics are described.
Four-site Case Study of Water Extraction from CO2 Storage Reservoirs (2013)

Water extraction is one possible means of enhancing storage capacity and managing carbon dioxide (CO2) storage reservoirs. This study investigates the efficacy of water extraction in CO2 storage applications through the use of dynamic simulations under various conditions on conceptual heterogeneous geological models based on four CO2 storage sites in different basins of the world. The simulations indicate that the CO2 storage capacities can be increased, and pressure and plume management can likely be accomplished through the use of water extraction.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Diverse Array of Cancer-Associated <i>MTOR</i> Mutations Are Hyperactivating and Can Predict Rapamycin Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file 89K, All mutations from the cBIO and COSMIC databases in mTOR pathway genes, excluding MTOR, are listed&lt;/p&gt;
Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics at the Vincent Mullins Landfill in Tucson, Arizona (2013)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in accordance with the RE-Powering America's Land initiative, selected the Vincent Mullins Landfill in Tucson, Arizona, for a feasibility study of renewable energy production. Under the RE-Powering America's Land initiative, the EPA provided funding to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to support the study. NREL provided technical assistance for this project but did not assess environmental conditions at the site beyond those related to the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The purpose of this report is to assess the site for a possible PV installation and estimate the cost and performance of different PV configurations, as well as to recommend financing options that could assist in the implementation of a PV system. In addition to the Vincent Mullins site, four similar landfills in Tucson are included as part of this study.
Dynamic releasing of biological cells at high speed using parallel mechanism to control adhesion forces (2014)

In this paper, a dynamic releasing method for high-speed biological cell manipulation is proposed. A compact parallel mechanism, used for grasping and releasing microob-jects, was utilized for generating controllable vibration to overcome the strong adhesion forces between the end effector and the manipulated object. To reach the required acceleration of the end effector, which is necessary for the detachment of the target object, vibration in the end effector is generated by applying sinusoidal voltage to the PZT actuator of the parallel mechanism. For the necessary acceleration, we focus on the frequency of the vibration, while keeping the amplitude of the PZT actuator vibration small (14 nm) to achieve precise positioning. Releasing of microbeads and biological cells is conducted and results are compared for the first time. The effect of the air and liquid environments are also investigated. Successful releasing (97.5%) of biological cells proves that the proposed active releasing method is an appropriate solution for the adhered biological cells during the releasing task.
Supplementary Figure 1, Tables 1-4 from A Second Genetic Variant on Chromosome 15q24-25.1 Associates with Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1, Tables 1-4 from A Second Genetic Variant on Chromosome 15q24-25.1 Associates with Lung Cancer
Hybrid polymer networks as ultra low `k` dielectric layers (2023)

According to one embodiment, a polymeric material includes at least one polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer, and at least one polyhedral oligomericsilsequioxane (POSS) molecule. According to another embodiment, a method includes providing at least one polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer, providing at least one polyhedral oligomericsilsequioxane (POSS) molecule, and coupling the at least one PDSM polymer to the at least one POSS molecule to form a hybrid polymeric material.