gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isotropic−Nematic Phase Transition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Strong Acids (2005)

We present the first quantitative assessment of the maximum amount of nanotubes that can exist in the isotropic phase () of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in Brønsted-Lowry acids. We employ a centrifugation technique in conjunction with UV-vis-nIR spectroscopy to quantify , which is also the critical concentration of the isotropic-nematic transition of SWNTs in strong acids. Centrifugation of biphasic dispersions of SWNTs, that is, acid dispersions consisting of an isotropic phase in equilibrium with an ordered nematic liquid crystalline phase, results in a clear phase separation, where the isotropic phase is supernatant. Dilution of the isotropic phase with a known amount of acid followed by UV-vis-nIR absorbance measurements yields , that is, the maximum concentration of SWNTs that can exist in the isotropic phase in a given acid for a given SWNTs' length distribution. At low SWNT concentration (below 200 ppm) in superacids, light absorbance in the range from 400 to 1400 nm scales linearly with concentration. This Beer's law behavior yields calibration curves for measuring SWNTs' concentration in acids. We find that the critical concentration of the isotropic-nematic transition increases with acid strength in accordance with the previously proposed sidewall protonation mechanism for dispersing SWNTs in acids.
Abstract 258: Hypoxic and Normoxic Niches Regulate Cardiac Stem Cell Function (2013)

In bone marrow niches, hypoxia favors stem cell quiescence and normoxia is required for stem cell proliferation and commitment. The objectives of this work were to determine whether a) differences in O 2 content regulate the function of cardiac stem cells (CSCs); and b) defects in tissue oxygenation with aging affects niche homeostasis. At 3 and 30 months of age, hypoxic and normoxic CSCs were found in the myocardium, but the senescent mouse heart was characterized by a 1.5-fold increase in hypoxic CSCs. At both ages, hypoxic CSCs were quiescent and lineage negative while cycling and early committed cells were restricted to the normoxic pool. Importantly, telomeres were longer in hypoxic than normoxic CSCs and this difference was more apparent in old mice. Telomere length did not change with age in hypoxic CSCs but decreased 40% in normoxic CSCs. As a consequence, at 3 and 30 months, the fraction of normoxic CSCs expressing the senescence-associated marker p16 INK4a was, respectively, 6-fold and 2.7-fold higher than that of hypoxic CSCs. Collectively, these findings indicate that the old heart contains a larger fraction of CSCs, which are forced in a quiescent state and do not participate in myocyte turnover. To define whether hypoxic CSCs can be activated, senescent mice were kept in an atmosphere of 70% O 2 to increase O 2 content in the hypoxic niches. Hyperoxia decreased significantly the fraction of hypoxic CSCs at 1 day and this response persisted at one week, possibly favoring myocyte formation. These in vivo results suggest that O 2 levels in CSCs may be regulated by the capillary network and the degree of tissue oxygenation. The distance between CSCs and the closest capillary was significantly higher for hypoxic than for normoxic CSCs. The numerical density of capillaries per mm 2 of myocardium computed within a radius of 30 μm from hypoxic CSCs decreased markedly with age. Thus, diffusion distance for O 2 to CSCs appears to constitute a major determinant in the maintenance of the hypoxic state of CSCs. Collectively, our data demonstrate that a balance between hypoxic and normoxic niches is present in the young heart but is disrupted later in life when capillary rarefaction expands the pool of hypoxic quiescent CSCs, which are no longer involved in myocyte replacement.
High-Power BCB Encapsulated VCSELs based on InP (2011)

The high temperature behavior of short cavity InP based VCSEL devices with 5.5 μm apertures is presented. They show record optical output powers and SMSRs beyond 50 dB over the whole temperature range.
Simulation mechatronischer Systeme (2017)

No AccessElektrifizierung in der FahrzeugtechnikOct 2017Simulation mechatronischer SystemeOliver ZirnOliver Zirnhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446453647.004SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 145-177Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45094-3eISBN: 978-3-446-45364-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Accelerated Negative-Bias Temperature Degradation in Low-Temperature Polycrystalline-Silicon p-Channel TFTs Under Dynamic Stress (2007)

The degradation mechanism in p-channel polysilicon thin-film transistors under negative-bias temperature (NBT) stress and pulse stress, which alternates NBT stress and drain-avalanche hot carrier (DAHC) stress, was investigated. An analysis of recovery effects and activation energy suggests that the device degradation under dc-NBT stress is explained by a reaction-diffusion model and limited by hydrogen diffusion. These features are also observed in the case of the device degradation under pulse stress. Pronounced degradation occurs not after DAHC stress application (electron injection) but after NBT stress application (hole injection). NBT stress degradation is locally accelerated after DAHC stress application because the effective gate voltage negatively increases due to trapped electrons during DAHC stress. The trap states and positive charges that were generated by this accelerated NBT stress are considered to be the main cause of device degradation under pulse stress.
Clusters with core-tail hierarchical structure and their applications to machine learning classification (2004)

We present a method for analysis of clustering results. This method represents every cluster as a stratified hierarchy of its subsets of objects (strata) ordered along a scale of their internal similarities. The "layered structures" can be described as a tool for interpretation of individual clusters rather than for describing the model of the entire data. It can be used not only for comparisons of different clusters, but also for improving existing methods to get "good" clusters. We show that this approach can also be used for improving supervised machine learning methods, particularly "active machine learning" methods, by specific analysis and preprocessing of a training data.
Highly Selective Oxygen Permeation through a Poly(vinylidene dichloride)−Cobalt Porphyrin Membrane:  Hopping Transport of Oxygen via the Fixed Cobalt Porphyrin Carrier (1998)

A combination membrane having both gas barrier properties and selective oxygen-absorbing and -carrying capability was prepared by complexing poly(vinylidene dichloride-co-vinylimidazole) and meso-tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrinatocobalt (CoP). The vinylidene dichloride copolymer was selected because of its low physical gas permeability and its dense and tough thin-membrane formability even after the CoP complexation. Oxygen permeation was selectively facilitated with the CoP carrier fixed in the membrane, and high oxygen permselectivity (facilitation factor > 25, oxygen/nitrogen permselectivity > 100, permeability 10-10 cm3 (STP) cm cm-2 s-1 cmHg-1) was observed, e.g., for the membrane containing > 20 wt % CoP at an upstream oxygen partial pressure of 0.5 cmHg. The facilitated oxygen transport was properly analyzed by a dual-mode model to give permeation parameters of the membrane such as the postulated diffusion coefficient of oxygen hopping via the fixed CoP carrier (DC). DC was inversely proportional to the average distance between the CoP carrier sites.
Trajectories of IgE sensitization to allergen molecules from childhood to adulthood and respiratory health in the EGEA cohort (2021)

Using high-resolution sIgE longitudinal data, the LCA identified four molecular sensitization profiles, mainly stable from childhood to adulthood, that were associated with respiratory health.
A DIGITAL MEMS OPTICAL SWITCH (2006)

This paper summarizes the work done in the development of a commercial three dimensional digital MEMS optical switch and its unique reliability challenges. The paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of the three-dimensional steering MEMS mirror for the digital optical switch.
Relevant Additive Manufacturing Materials for Wind Industry (2022)

The purpose of this report is to equip wind industry professionals with the relevant material testing and properties of large format extrusion-based additive manufacturing processes. Discussion on the printability and processing of different classes of materials (i.e. low temperature, high temperature, thermoplastics, elastomeric, foam, etc.) is provided as well as relevant test standards and methods. Existing results for materials and properties are detailed. A companion document titled “Additive Manufacturing Design Guidelines for Wind Industry” covers the seven families of additive manufacturing, the relevance of each family to the wind industry, and design guidelines and considerations for the most relevant processes.
Supplementary Tables 1-6 from <i>PIK3CA</i> Mutations and Copy Number Gains in Human Lung Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-6 from &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; Mutations and Copy Number Gains in Human Lung Cancers
Design Principle for Bright, Robust, and Color-Pure InP/ZnSexS1–x/ZnS Heterostructures (2019)

Advance in wet chemistry enables the sophisticated design of nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) and allows unprecedented color purity and brightness, promising their useful applications in a variety of light-emitting applications. A representative example is core/shell heterostructures, in which charge carriers are effectively decoupled from structural artifacts to generate photons efficiently. Despite the development of widely accepted synthetic protocols for Cd- or Pb-based QDs, the progress in heterostructuring environmentally benign QDs has been lagging behind, and so is the practical use of these QDs. Herein, we present a design principle for InP/ZnSexS1–x heterostructured QDs. A principal design approach is the growth of uniformly thick inorganic shell consisting of a ZnSexS1–x inner shell and a ZnS outermost shell that effectively confines electrons from spreading inward of QDs. Comprehensive studies across synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, and calculation uncover that the presence of Se near the InP emissive core enables a uniform shell growth to an extended thickness and the S-rich exterior shell ensures the decoupling of the electron wave function from the surface trap states. Engineering composition profile across multiple shells enables us to realize InP/thick-shell QDs meeting the requirements of light-emitting applications such as high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow spectral bandwidth, and enhanced photochemical robustness. We capitalize on bright, robust, and color-pure InP/ZnSexS1–x/ZnS QDs with a range of emission wavelength covering from cyan to red regions by exemplifying their use in the primary-color light-emitting diodes (peak external quantum efficiency of 3.78 and 3.92% for green- and red-emitting ones, respectively).
1F44 Effects of Maturation on Dynamic Behavior of Ear Canal Wall and Middle Ear in Neonates (2016)

A Sweep Frequency Impedance (SFI) meter, which measures the dynamic behavior of the middle ear by sweeping frequency tones from 100 to 2000 Hz, was recently developed to screen for neonatal middle-ear diseases (Wada et al., 1998, Murakoshi et al., 2013 and Aithal et al., 2014). In recent SFI measurements in neonates, two resonances at approximately 0.5 and 1.0 kHz were observed. In addition, only the lower resonance frequency moved to higher frequencies with an increase in age, finally fading out by 5 months, while no significant differences were found in the higher resonance during the 5-month test period. Our working hypothesis is that the lower resonance frequency may be related to the soft wall surrounding the ear canal, the maturation of which causes changes and subsequent fade-out of the resonance frequency. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing SFI results with simulation results using the recently reported Finite Element (FE) modeling approach for neonates (Hamanishi et al., 2015). Simulated SPL curves were obtained by applying a constant volume displacement equivalent of 80 dB SPL at the ear canal entrance. Then, SPL curves resulting from changes in the Young's modulus of soft tissue of the ear canal (Eec) were compared. The lower resonance frequencies at 1 and 5 months after birth in SFI tests were consistent with those in FE simulations with Eec of 30 kPa and 5 MPa, respectively. Therefore, the canal wall of neonates initially consists of soft tissue, followed by rapid formation of a bony portion.
Lithographic performance of high-numerical-aperture (NA=0.3) EUV small-field exposure tool (HINA) (2005)

Three sets of projection optics (Sets 1, 2, and 3) were fabricated to the mark of a wave front error (WFE) of less than 1 nm. The RMS WFE is 7.5 nm for Set 1, 1.9 nm for Set 2, and at most 0.9 nm for Set 3. In addition, the RMS mid-spatial frequency roughness (MSFR), which affects flare, is 0.34 nm for Set 2 and 0.17 nm for Set 3. This paper discusses the current lithographic performance of HINA, especially the evaluation of flare and the replication of fine-pitch patterns. Several EUV masks were fabricated to evaluate the effects of flare and to replicate fine-pitch patterns. In the case of Set 2 optics, 90 nm lines and spaces were barely delineated using a bright-field mask due to the RMS MSFR of 0.34 nm, and replication of 70 nm lines and spaces were achieved using a dark-field mask. Since the RMS WFE and the RMS MSFR for Set 3 optics are half as much as that for Set 2 optics, the lithographic performance of HINA is markedly improved. 50 nm lines and spaces of non-chemically-amplified resist were delineated with the illumination condition of a partial coherence, &#963;, of 0.8 and 45 nm lines and spaces were delineated with the annular illumination condition of outer &#963; of 0.8 and inner &#963; of 0.5. In addition ultimate resolution of 30 nm lines and spaces of chemically-amplified resist was performed under the coherent illumination condition of &#963; of 0.0.
Synthesis and HDS catalytic properties of nanostrutured unsupported (Co)/MoS2 catalysts (2010)

international
Growth hormone action predicts age-related white adipose tissue dysfunction and senescent cell burden in mice (2014)

Aging | doi:10.18632/aging.100681. Michael B. Stout, Tamara Tchkonia, Tamar Pirtskhalava, Allyson K. Palmer, Edward O. List, Darlene E. Berryman, Ellen R. Lubbers, Carlos Escande, Adam Spong, Michal M. Masternak, Ann L. Oberg, Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Richard A. Miller, John J. Kopchick, Andrzej Bartke, James L. Kirkland
Novel two-bit HfO/sub 2/ nanocrystal nonvolatile flash memory (2006)

This paper presents a novel nonvolatile poly-Si-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon-type Flash memory that was fabricated using hafnium oxide (HfO/sub 2/) nanocrystals as the trapping storage layer. The formation of HfO/sub 2/ nanocrystals was confirmed using a number of physical analytical techniques, including energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These newly developed HfO/sub 2/ nanocrystal memory cells exhibit very little lateral or vertical stored charge migration after 10k program/erase (P/E) cycles. According to the temperature-activated Arrhenius model, we estimate that the activation energy lies within the range 2.1-3.3 eV. These HfO/sub 2/ nanocrystal memories exhibit excellent data retention, endurance, and good reliability, even for the cells subjected to 10 k P/E cycles. These features suggest that such cells are very useful for high-density two-bit nonvolatile Flash memory applications.
Hybrid MIMO antennas for future 5G smartphone applications (2017)

A hybrid multi-mode antenna module for future wireless communication devices in general and smart phones in particular is presented. The antenna module includes four MIMO chip antennas with the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth etc. applications and a 4-by-4 Substrate Integrated Waveguide Butler Matrix Beamforming Network backed Antenna (BFN-A) operating in the wideband of 27 GHz to 29 GHz for 5G applications. The performance of the proposed 8-port module is observed. The simulated and measured results of the return-loss and isolation level as well as the gain and farfield radiation pattern of all the eight ports are investigated and discussed.
Jinx , an MCMV susceptibility phenotype caused by disruption of Unc13d : a mouse model of type 3 familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (2007)

Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) susceptibility often results from defects of natural killer (NK) cell function. Here we describe Jinx, an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced MCMV susceptibility mutation that permits unchecked proliferation of the virus, causing death. In Jinx homozygotes, activated NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) fail to degranulate, although they retain the ability to produce cytokines, and cytokine levels are markedly elevated in the blood of infected mutant mice. Jinx was mapped to mouse chromosome 11 on a total of 246 meioses and confined to a 4.60-million basepair critical region encompassing 122 annotated genes. The phenotype was ascribed to the creation of a novel donor splice site in Unc13d, the mouse orthologue of human MUNC13-4, in which mutations cause type 3 familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL3), a fatal disease marked by massive hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Jinx mice do not spontaneously develop clinical features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), but do so when infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, exhibiting hyperactivation of CTLs and antigen-presenting cells, and inadequate restriction of viral proliferation. In contrast, neither Listeria monocytogenes nor MCMV induces the syndrome. In mice, the HLH phenotype is conditional, which suggests the existence of a specific infectious trigger of FHL3 in humans.
Migraine, inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease: A Mendelian randomization study (2023)

We found no evidence of a shared genetic basis or of a causal association between migraine and either IBD or celiac disease, although we obtained some indications of causal associations with migraine subtypes.
NKp30 expression is a prognostic immune biomarker for stratification of patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (2017)

Cytogenetics and European Leukemia Net (ELN) genetic classification predict patients at increased risk of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) except in the intermediate risk group for which further prognostic determinants are required. We have previously shown that Natural Killer (NK) cell defects in AML are predictors of poor overall survival (OS). This study aimins at validating NKp30, a receptor that mediates NK activation, as a prognostic biomarker for AML patients with intermediate prognosis. NKp30 expression was prospectively assessed at diagnosis on NK cells from peripheral blood by flow cytometry (N = 201 patients). Clinical outcome was evaluated with regard to NKp30 status. In patients with intermediate cytogenetic (N = 162), NKp30(high) phenotype at diagnosis was predictive of better OS (HR = 0.26; 95% CI = [0.14-0.50]; P &lt; 0.0001) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 0.21; 95% CI = [0.08-0.52]; P = 0.0007). In patients with intermediate ELN (N = 116), NKp30(high) phenotype at diagnosis was predictive of better OS (HR = 0.33; 95% CI = [0.16-0.67]; P = 0.0019) and RFS (HR = 0.24; 95% CI = [0.08-0.67]; P = 0.0058). In multivariate analysis, high NKp30 expression independently predicted improved OS (HR = 0.56, P = 0.046) and RFS (HR = 0.37, P = 0.048). Consistently, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was lower in patients with high NKp30 expression (HR = 0.37, P = 0.026). In conclusion, we propose NKp30 status as a simple and early prognostic biomarker that identifies intermediate-risk patients with poor prognosis who otherwise may not be identified with existing risk stratification systems.
Retrieving time-dependent Green’s functions in optics with low-coherence interferometry (2015)

We report on the passive measurement of time-dependent Green's functions with low-coherence interferometry. We show how the mutual coherence function of an incoherent wave-field can directly yield the Green's functions between scatterers of a complex medium.
Adaptive Bayesian Radio Tomography (2019)

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) is an emerging technology to locate physical objects in a geographical area covered by wireless networks. From the attenuation measurements collected at spatially distributed sensors, radio tomography capitalizes on spatial loss fields (SLFs) measuring the absorption of radio frequency waves at each location along the propagation path. These SLFs can be utilized for interference management in wireless communication networks, environmental monitoring, and survivor localization after natural disaster such as earthquakes. Key to the success of RTI is to model accurately the shadowing effects as the bi-dimensional integral of the SLF scaled by a weight function, which is estimated using regularized regression. However, the existing approaches are less effective when the propagation environment is heterogeneous. To cope with this the present paper introduces a piecewise homogeneous SLF governed by a hidden Markov random field model. Efficient and tractable SLF estimators are developed by leveraging Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Furthermore, an uncertainty sampling method is developed to adaptively collect informative measurements in estimating the SLF. Numerical tests using synthetic and real datasets demonstrate capabilities of the proposed algorithm for radio tomography and channel-gain estimation.
Glycopeptide enkephalin analogues produce analgesia in mice: evidence for penetration of the blood-brain barrier. (1994)

Most peptides have not proved useful as neuroactive drugs because they are blocked by the blood-brain barrier and do not reach their receptors within the brain. Intraperitoneally administered L-serinyl beta-D-glucoside analogues of [Met5]enkephalin (glycopeptides) have been shown to be transported across the blood-brain barrier to bind with targeted mu- and delta-opioid receptors in the mouse brain. The opioid nature of the binding has been demonstrated with intracerebroventricularly administered naloxone. Paradoxically, glucosylation decreases the lipophilicity of the peptides while promoting transport across the lipophilic endothelial layer. It is suggested that glucose transporter GLUT-1 is responsible for the transport of the peptide message. Profound and long-lasting analgesia has been observed in mice (tail-flick and hot-plate assays) with two of the glycopeptide analogues when administered intraperitoneally.
Crystal Structure of Bee-Venom Phospholipase A 2 in a Complex with a Transition-State Analogue (1990)

The 2.0 angstroms crystal structure of a complex containing bee-venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and a phosphonate transition-state analogue was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement. The electron-density map is sufficiently detailed to visualize the proximal sugars of the enzyme's N-linked carbohydrate and a single molecule of the transition-state analogue bound ot its active center. Although bee-venom PLA2 does not belong to the large homologous Class I/II family that encompasses most other well-studied PLA2s, there is segmental sequence similarity and conservation of many functional substructures. Comparison of the bee-venom enzyme with other phospholipase structures provides compelling evidence for a common catalytic mechanism.