gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iloprost Drug Delivery during Infant Conventional and High‐Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (2016)

Iloprost is a selective pulmonary vasodilator approved for inhalation by the Food and Drug Administration. Iloprost has been increasingly used in the management of critically ill neonates with hypoxic lung disease. This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that aerosol drug delivery could be effectively administered to infants with both conventional ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). A neonatal test lung model configured with newborn lung mechanics was ventilated with a conventional ventilator and an HFOV with standard settings. A vibrating-mesh nebulizer was placed (1) proximal to the patient airway in the inspiratory limb between the humidifier probe and patient wye (conventional) as well as between the vent circuit and the endotracheal tube (ETT) for HFOV and (2) between the ventilator and humidifier (distal). Iloprost was nebulized in three separate runs using three new nebulizers in each of the circuit locations. A collecting filter was placed at the distal end of the ETT for each trial. Iloprost was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The percentage of nominal dose delivered was greater with the nebulizer placed proximal to the airway for conventional ventilation (10.74% ± 2%) and HFOV (29% ± 2%) than with it placed in the distal position (2.96% ± 0.2% vs. 0.96% ± 0.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). Drug delivery in proximal position was nearly threefold greater during HFOV than during conventional ventilation. In conclusion, iloprost drug delivery was best achieved when the nebulizer was placed proximal to the patient airway during neonatal mechanical ventilation. Drug delivery appears to be more efficient during HFOV than during conventional ventilation.
Induction of Vascular Leakage and Blood Pressure Lowering through Kinin Release by a Serine Proteinase from Aeromonas sobria (2006)

Aeromonas sobria causes septic shock, a condition associated with high mortality. To study the mechanism of septic shock by A. sobria infection, we examined the vascular leakage (VL) activity of A. sobria serine proteinase (ASP), a serine proteinase secreted by this pathogen. Proteolytically active ASP induced VL mainly in a bradykinin (BK) B(2) receptor-, and partially in a histamine-H(1) receptor-dependent manner in guinea pig skin. The ASP VL activity peaked at 10 min to 1.8-fold of the initial activity with an increased BK B(2) receptor dependency, and attenuated almost completely within 30 min. ASP produced VL activity from human plasma apparently through kallikrein/kinin system activation, suggesting that ASP can generate kinin in humans. Consistent with the finding that a major part of the ASP-induced VL was reduced by a potent kallikrein inhibitor, soybean trypsin inhibitor that does not affect ASP enzymatic activity, ASP activated prekallikrein but not factor XII to generate kallikrein in a dose- and incubation time-dependent manner. ASP produced more VL activity directly from human low m.w. kininogen than high m.w. kininogen when both were used at their normal plasma concentrations. Intra-arterial injection of ASP into guinea pigs lowered blood pressure specifically via the BK B(2) receptor. These data suggest that ASP induces VL through prekallikrein activation and direct kinin release from kininogens, which is a previously undescribed mechanism of A. sobria virulence and could be associated with the induction of septic shock by infection with this bacterium. ASP-specific inhibitors, and kinin receptor antagonists, might prove useful for the treatment or prevention of this fatal disease.
Withdrawal: A novel germ line-specific gene of the phosducin-like protein (PhLP) family: A meiotic function conserved from yeast to mice. (2019)

A Novel Germ Line-specific Gene of the Phosducin-like Protein (PhLP) Family: A MEIOTIC FUNCTION CONSERVED FROM YEAST TO MICEJournal of Biological ChemistryVol. 278Issue 3PreviewWe identified a new member of the phosducin-like (PhLP) protein family that is predominantly, if not exclusively, expressed in male and female germ cells. In situ analysis on testis sections and analysis of purified spermatogenic cell fractions evidenced a stage-specific expression with high levels of RNA and protein in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Three mRNA species were detected, which correspond to different polyadenylation sites and vary in abundance during germ cell maturation. Full-Text PDF Open Access VOLUME 278 (2003) PAGES 1751–1757 This article has been withdrawn by Pascal Lopez, Luis A. Lopez-Fernandez, François Cuzin, and Minoo Rassoulzadegan. Ruken Yaman, Frédérique Vidal, Daniel Puel, and Philippe Clertant could not be reached. The Hss26 Northern blots from Fig. 3 (A and D) were previously published in Lopez et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 3488–3496, with some data representing different experimental conditions. The withdrawing authors state that the same nitrocellulose filter was reused for two different probes and so the control is the same for both publications. The image in Fig. 6B was inappropriately manipulated. The withdrawing authors state that after 20 years, they cannot provide the original data.
PI3K inhibition results in enhanced estrogen receptor function and dependence in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer (2015)

Activating mutations of PIK3CA are the most frequent genomic alterations in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumors, and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) inhibitors are in clinical development. The activity of these agents, however, is not homogeneous, and only a fraction of patients bearing PIK3CA-mutant ER-positive tumors benefit from single-agent administration. Searching for mechanisms of resistance, we observed that suppression of PI3K signaling results in induction of ER-dependent transcriptional activity, as demonstrated by changes in expression of genes containing ER-binding sites and increased occupancy by the ER of promoter regions of up-regulated genes. Furthermore, expression of ESR1 mRNA and ER protein were also increased upon PI3K inhibition. These changes in gene expression were confirmed in vivo in xenografts and patient-derived models and in tumors from patients undergoing treatment with the PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719. The observed effects on transcription were enhanced by the addition of estradiol and suppressed by the anti-ER therapies fulvestrant and tamoxifen. Fulvestrant markedly sensitized ER-positive tumors to PI3Kα inhibition, resulting in major tumor regressions in vivo. We propose that increased ER transcriptional activity may be a reactive mechanism that limits the activity of PI3K inhibitors and that combined PI3K and ER inhibition is a rational approach to target these tumors.
DNA selection by the master transcription factor PU.1 (2023)

The master transcriptional regulator PU.1/Spi-1 engages DNA sites with affinities spanning multiple orders of magnitude. To elucidate this remarkable plasticity, we have characterized 22 high-resolution co-crystallographic PU.1/DNA complexes across the addressable affinity range in myeloid gene transactivation. Over a purine-rich core (such as 5'-GGAA-3') flanked by variable sequences, affinity is negotiated by direct readout on the 5' flank via a critical glutamine (Q226) sidechain and by indirect readout on the 3' flank by sequence-dependent helical flexibility. Direct readout by Q226 dynamically specifies PU.1's characteristic preference for purines and explains the pathogenic mutation Q226E in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. The structures also reveal how disruption of Q226 mediates strand-specific inhibition by DNA methylation and the recognition of non-canonical sites, including the authentic binding sequence at the CD11b promoter. A re-synthesis of phylogenetic and structural data on the ETS family, considering the centrality of Q226 in PU.1, unifies the model of DNA selection by ETS proteins.
MD‐1 is a Critical Part of the Mechanism Causing Th1‐Cytokine‐Triggered Murine Fetal Loss Syndrome (2003)

TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma could not induce murine abortions without co-presence of a 'danger' signal such as LPS acting via CD14 on toll receptors, and LPS could not act without co-signaling by TNF-alpha. Classical resorptions/abortions and 'occult' losses have a different mechanism in these models as reflected in type of endotoxin and requirement for TNF-alphaR1 signaling.
(Invited) Radiation-Induced Defect Mechanisms in GaN HEMTs (2015)

GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have the potential to be extremely tolerant of space and weapons of mass destruction radiation found in space and resulting from weapons of mass destruction. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs were fabricated on Si substrates and passivated with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) SiN, also HEMTs with in situ SiN and additional PECVD SiN were compared. These samples were exposed to 2 MeV protons, up to 6x10 14 cm -2 , which resulted in decreased mobility, decreased sheet carrier density, and an increase in dynamic ON-resistance. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed roughening of the AlGaN/GaN interface. Off-state pulsed quiescent voltage stress was used to investigate the dynamic ON-resistance of GaN HEMTs before and after radiation. HEMTs with in situ SiN plus PECVD SiN shows improved radiation hardness for dynamic ON-resistance.
Abstract 1920: Armed oncolytic myxoma virus demonstrates transgene production, function, and therapeutic activity xenograft models (2021)

Abstract Oncolytic viruses (OV) selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and provide stimulation to the immune system, representing a promising therapeutic option in development to treat cancers that do not respond well to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a member of the Pox family of double stranded DNA viruses. The natural host of MYXV is a subset of rabbits and hares, but MYXV is able to infect cancer cell lines of humans and other species. The genome of MYXV is relatively large and is amenable to engineering for expression of transgenic proteins, making it an excellent oncolytic virus for introduction of immunomodulatory proteins. Viral reproduction rates, transgene production, transgene function, and inhibition of cell growth of multi-armed myxoma virus was evaluated in vitro using cell lines representing multiple human cancer indications. Efficacy and mechanism of action of multi-armed myxoma virus was also demonstrated in vivo via xenograft models. Multi-armed myxoma represents a novel, engineerable, oncolytic virus with preclinical characteristics that warrant further investigation as an immunomodulatory cancer therapeutic. Citation Format: Lina S. Franco, Mario Abrantes, Wazir Abdullahi, Ana L. de Matos, Benjamin S. Walker, Zachary Tacner, Cassandra Kien, Nicole Grigaitis, Grant McFadden, Steven J. Potts, Leslie L. Sharp. Armed oncolytic myxoma virus demonstrates transgene production, function, and therapeutic activity xenograft models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1920.
Double Ring-Opening Reactions of Bis-Cyclopropanes Promoted by Iron Salts (1999)

Certain bis-cyclopropanes were prepared from the corresponding dienol silane and, on treatment with ferric salts, were found to undergo two sequential C-C bond cleavages to give products corresponding to overall two carbon ring-expansion. In one case the nature of the product obtained was found to depend upon the types of ferric salts employed.
Reduction in QT dispersion with rheolytic thrombectomy in acute myocardial infarction: Evidence of electrial stability with reperfusion therapy (2001)

An increase in QT dispersion (QTd) is associated with myocardial ischemia and may serve as a marker of ischemia and ventricular arrhythmia. We studied the effect of early reperfusion with rheolytic thrombectomy using an angiojet catheter (Possis, Minneapolis, MN) on QTd in 12 patients who presented with acute myocardial infarction. QTd and QT dispersion, rate-corrected for RR interval, were significantly reduced from 57 ± 16 and 68 ± 13 msec before reperfusion to 34 ± 16 and 44 ± 19 msec after reperfusion respectively (mean ± SD; P < 0.002 and P < 0.0008, respectively). Successful reperfusion with rheolytic thrombectomy reduces QTd and may confer electrical stability to vulnerable myocardium. Reduction in indexes of repolarization inhomogeneity with reperfusion may serve as a noninvasive marker of coronary patency.
EXPRESSION PROFILES OF BRAIN, KIDNEY, AND LUNG OF CLONED PIGS (2007)

Many animals derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have abnormal phenotypes. Little is known in gene expression of cloned pigs by SCNT. In the present study, the expression profiles of deceased neonatal and one-month old live clones (n=5 for each age group) were compared with those of age-matched controls (n=5 for each age group) using a 13K oligonucleotide microarray. The cloned pigs were generated from fetal fibroblasts. Significantly reduced body weights and weights of the lungs (neonatal group) were found in cloned animals. Samples from the brain, kidney, and lung were chosen for microarray analysis to represent tissues from the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm in origin. In deceased neonatal clones, 88, 178, and 121 genes were differentially expressed in brain [fold change (FC)>1.5], kidney (FC>1.5), and lung (FC>2), respectively (p<0.05). Functional annotation and multiplex literature mining revealed disturbances in the following pathways: aberrant myelination and up-regulated MAPK signaling pathways in brain, diabetic nephropathy, down-regulated glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and up-regulated MAPK signaling pathway in kidney, dysregulated surfactant homeostasis and up-regulated MAPK signaling pathway in lung. In live clones at one month of age, 55, 179, and 154 genes were differentially expressed in brain (FC>1.5), kidney (FC>2), and lung (FC>2), respectively (p<0.05). Abnormalities were found in the following pathways: neural excitotoxicity in brain, diabetic nephropathy and dysregulated adipocytokine signaling pathway in kidney, delayed alveologenesis, and down-regulated adipocytokine and MAPK signaling pathways in lung. Additionally, the maternal lineages of recipient oocytes used in SCNT were traced by sequencing the clones' mitochondrial DNA. Expression of mitochondrial genes in cloned animals, however, were not affected by maternal lineage of recipient oocytes. These findings demonstrate that phenotypic abnormalities found in clones are linked with dysregulated gene expression, and surprisingly, live clones have abnormal gene expression to a more extent than in deceased neonatal clones. Furthermore, epigenetic reprogramming in clones has occurred in a recipient oocyte-independent manner. (poster)
Verification of a Continuous Guidance Procedure of Xenon Oscillation Control. (1995)

A new method for controlling axial spatial xenon oscillations in large PWRs has been proved to be effective. The method is based on two additional newly defined axial offsets, AOi and AOX together with the conventional axial offset of power distribution AOp. AOi and AOx are the axial offsets of power distributions which would give the current iodine and xenon distributions under equilibrium conditions, respectively. Further efforts have been continued to establish a new control concept which can give continuous and clear guidance on a display to the operator for xenon oscillation control. The new concept uses information from AOi, AOx and AOp to display the trajectory of (AOp-AOx, AOi-AOx) in the X-Y plane. The trajectory shows a very characteristic behavior. With these simple characteristics in mind the xenon oscillation can be controlled quite easily. In other words, to eliminate the xenon oscillation, we watch the trajectory and use the control rods to lead the plot to the origin where three AOs are identical. Verification of the concept was carried out based on the full record of the axial offset during a xenon oscillation in an actual reactor and good results were obtained.
Computed tomography of the pulmonary parenchyma. Part 1 (1985)

Because of greatly enhanced contrast resolution and the advantages of cross-sectional visualization of lung anatomy, computed tomography (CT) has the potential to add significantly to the conceptualization of parenchymal lung disease. Although the value of CT has been well documented in the detection and characterization of lung nodules, the role of CT has been less clearly defined for other types of lung disease. This report describes the CT appearance of distal air-space disease. As demonstrated by the use of inflated and contrast-injected lungs obtained at autopsy, air-space disease is definable by the following: poorly marginated nodules ranging up to 1 cm in size; coalescence of nodules; air-bronchograms and air-alveolograms; ground-glass opacification; and distinct zonal patterns of distribution, including central and peripheral configurations. These patterns of air-space abnormalities are further refined by review of case material, including examples of air-space disease secondary to aspiration and primary intraalveolar disease, evaluated by the authors over a five-year period.
Material Constitutive Modeling Under High Strain Rates and Temperatures Through Orthogonal Machining Tests (1997)

Abstract This paper presents a procedure to characterize deformation behavior applicable to various engineering materials in machining processes. Orthogonal machining tests are used to obtain the relationship between shear stress, strain, strain rate and temperature. Shear plane temperature is measured by an infrared thermal imaging system and compared with the Loewen and Shaw model. A new procedure to determine strain rate in the shear zone is proposed based on a triangular shear zone model and grain boundary determined by optical microscopy. Finally, a constitutive model for a low carbon steel, determined by the procedure, is presented and compared with existing results.
Energy optimization for full-duplex self-backhauled HetNet with non-orthogonal multiple access (2017)

Small cell densification and advanced multi-user access schemes are promising approaches to dramatically improve 5G system performance. Towards efficient spectrum usage in ultra-dense heterogeneous networks, spectrum reuse between backhauling and access links combined with full duplex is applied. This forms a full-duplex self-backhauled heterogeneous network (FS-HetNet). Considering co-channel interference caused by frequency reuse, and residual self interference due to imperfect interference cancellation in full duplex, interference management becomes a major issue in boosting network performance. In this paper, motivated by the emerging non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for 5G, we consider a NOMA-based scheme to mitigate co-channel interference and achieve efficient spectrum utilization for FS-HetNet. We address an energy-saving problem for the considered network, aiming to satisfy all users' data demand within a limited transmit duration by consuming minimum energy. In addition to the energy consumption in transmission, the consumed decoding energy due to signal processing in successive interference cancellation is also taken into account. We propose an energy-efficient and delay-constrained scheduling algorithm to jointly optimize transmit power, user clustering, and transmission duration. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms previous schemes.
Exploring Tyrosine‐Triazolinedione (TAD) Reactions for the Selective Conjugation and Cross‐Linking of N‐Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Derived Synthetic Copolypeptides (2017)

Highly efficient functionalization and cross-linking of polypeptides is achieved via tyrosine-triazolinedione (TAD) conjugation chemistry. The feasibility of the reaction is demonstrated by the reaction of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) with tyrosine containing block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-Tyr<sub>4</sub> as well as a statistical copolymer of tyrosine and lysine (poly(Lys<sub>40</sub> -st-Tyr<sub>10</sub> )) prepared form N-carboxyanhydride polymerization. Selective reaction of PTAD with the tyrosine units is obtained and verified by size exclusion chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, two monofunctional and two difunctional TAD molecules are synthesized. It is found that their stability in the aqueous reaction media significantly varied. Under optimized reaction conditions selective functionalization and cross-linking, yielding polypeptide hydrogels, can be achieved. TAD-mediated conjugation can offer an interesting addition in the toolbox of selective (click-like) polypeptide conjugation methodologies as it does not require functional non-natural amino acids.
Phase unwrapping using geometric constraints for high-speed fringe projection based 3D measurements (2013)

A new methodology for 3D surface measurement based on phase shifted fringe pattern projection is presented which enables real-time measurement and high-speed performance of 3D measurements using stereo camera observation. The essence of the new technique is a drastic reduction of the fringe code which makes the process of pattern projection and image recording faster and real-time applicable. The new algorithm allows the complete omission of the typically used Gray code sequence or other additional code to the phase shifted sinusoidal fringe sequence. Its main concept is a special geometric design of the arrangement of the projection unit in relation to one of the involved cameras. The 3D point calculation is performed by triangulation between the two cameras with the help 3D point determination between the projection unit and one of the cameras. Whereas the second mode ensures the uniqueness, mode one realizes the accurate calculation. The realization of the uniqueness of the measurement is obtained by a corresponding arrangement of the parameters projected fringe width, the measurement volume size, the triangulation angle between the principal rays of first camera and the projection unit, and camera constants of second camera and projection unit. First experiments with a 3D measurement systems based on fringe projection technique show the robustness of the new method. Real time measurements can be performed which is the precondition of the supervision or quality check of several dynamic processes.
The Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2019)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma and arises from nasopharynx epithelium, with a geographical and racial distribution. NPC is rare all over the world, but particularly prevalent in Southern China. NPC has been demonstrated to be strongly associated with environmental factors, genetic susceptibility and viral infection, especially Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. NPC is also radio-sensitive and chemo-sensitive. Thus, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are traditional strategies for NPC treatments. However, recurrence frequently occurred in patients after NPC therapeutics. As with the development of new scientific technologies, we get chances to open our mind and dig deep down inside NPC and EBV. A well-understanding of such NPC genetics, gene aberration, non-coding RNA and EBV-associated exosomes, is and will be very helpful for us to promote NPC treatments or develop novel anti-NPC/anti-EBV drugs.