gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiently encoding term co-occurrences in inverted indexes (2011)

Precomputation of common term co-occurrences has been successfully applied to improve query performance in large scale search engines based on inverted indexes. The results of such precomputations are traditionally stored as additional posting lists in the index. During query evaluation, these precomputed lists are used to reduce the number of query terms, as the results for multiple terms can be accessed through a single precomputed list. In this paper, we expand this paradigm by considering an alternative method for storing term co-occurrences in inverted indexes. For a selected set of terms in the index, we store bitmaps that encode term co-occurrences. A bitmap of size k for term t augments each posting to store the co-occurrences of t with k other terms, across every document in the index. At query evaluation, size k bitmaps can be used to answer queries that involve any of the 2^k combinations of the additional terms. In contrast, a precomputed list, although typically shorter, can only be used to evaluate queries containing all of its terms. We evaluate the bitmaps technique we propose, and the baseline of adding precomputed posting lists and show that they are complementary, as they capture different aspects of the query evaluation cost. We perform an experimental evaluation on the TREC WT10g corpus and show that a hybrid strategy combining both methods significantly lowers the cost of query evaluation compared to each method separately.
Spatiotemporal Representation Learning for Driving Behavior Analysis: A Joint Perspective of Peer and Temporal Dependencies (2019)

Driving is a complex activity that requires multi-level skilled operations (e.g., acceleration, braking, and turning). Analyzing driving behaviors can help us assess driver performances, improve traffic safety, and, ultimately, promote the development of intelligent and resilient transportation systems. While some efforts have been made for analyzing driving behaviors, existing methods can be improved via representation learning by jointly exploring the peer and temporal dependencies of driving behaviors. To that end, in this paper, we develop a Peer and Temporal-Aware Representation Learning based framework (PTARL) for driving behavior analysis with GPS trajectory data. Specifically, we first detect the driving operations and states of each driver from their GPS traces. Then, we derive a sequence of multi-view driving state transition graphs from the driving state sequences, in order to characterize a driver's driving behaviors that vary over time. In addition, we develop a peer and temporal-aware representation learning method to learn a sequence of time-varying yet relational vectorized representations from the driving state transition graphs. The proposed method can simultaneously model both the graph-graph peer dependency and the current-past temporal dependency in a unified optimization framework. Also, we provide two effective solutions for the optimization problem: (i) a joint optimization solution of representation learning and prediction; and (ii) a step-by-step solution of representation learning and prediction. Besides, we explore two strategies to fuse the learned representations from multi-view transition graphs: (i) simple alignment and (ii) collective fusion. Moreover, we apply the developed framework to the two applications of quantitative transportation safety: (i) scoring of driving performances, and (ii) detection of dangerous regions. Finally, we present extensive experimental results with big trajectory data to demonstrate the enhanced performances of the proposed method for quantitative transportation safety.
Trapping and isolation of an alternate DNA conformation (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrapping and isolation of an alternate DNA conformationGary D. Glick, Scott E. Osborne, Debborah S. Knitt, and Joseph P. Marino Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 13, 5447–5448Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00039a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A novel bulk micromachined electrostatic microvalve with a curved-compliant structure applicable for a pneumatic tactile display (2001)

Recent success of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in projection displays have raised similar expectation for an efficient, low power, affordable, full-page and pneumatic tactile display. Such design has not been achieved by the conventional technology but could bring significant improvement to current refreshable Braille displays. This paper demonstrates a novel bulk-micromachined electrostatic microvalve suitable for a pneumatic tactile display. The microvalve, a silicon perforated diaphragm juxtaposed to a silicon inlet orifice, requires relatively low closing voltage against a large supply differential pressure and flow rate, i.e., 72.9 V-rms for 19.3 kPa and 85 mi/min. Such an attractive characteristic is due to its unique curved-compliant structure that has, unlike other electrostatic microvalves, no tolerance for any initial air gap between its electrodes. As a design tool, a mechanical model of the microvalve is introduced based on the lubrication theory and large plate deflection theory. The model is established on a steady-state coupled field problem of fluid-solid mechanics. Reynolds and von-Karman equations were simultaneously solved for the microvalve geometry by finite difference approximation and double Fourier series expansion. The results of the model and experiments are compared and found to be in good agreement with a relative error less than 10%.
Beperminogene perplasmid for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (2014)

Therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of ischemic disease can be attained through the delivery of recombinant growth factor proteins, through gene transfer or cell transplantation. Gene transfer associated with adenovirus or naked plasmid DNAs has been extensively studied in clinical trials. An investigational product, beperminogene perplasmid, is the naked plasmid DNA encoding the cDNA of human HGF, which has potent angiogenic activity. In several clinical trials, beperminogene perplasmid showed favorable safety and efficacy profile in the treatment of critical limb ischemia. This article reviews the results of pre-clinical and clinical studies of beperminogene perplasmid in the treatment of critical limb ischemia caused by peripheral arterial disease and Buerger's disease.
Environmental Profiles of Stirling-Cooled and Cascade-Cooled Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers (2012)

The environmental footprint of ultra-low temperature (ULT) freezers as used in bio-repositories, universities and other research organizations is investigated. These freezers, employing the cascade refrigeration system, use between 10 and 20 times the energy of an average household refrigerator/freezer. In addition, they often require high greenhouse gas potential (GWP) refrigerants. A new technology employing the Stirling cycle machine promises to reduce energy consumption of ULT freezers by 50% or more. The cascade and Stirling systems are compared for equivalent sized freezers in terms of embodied energy and equivalent CO2 production from cradle to gate and use, including total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) estimations. End-of-life issues are discussed but not quantified. It is shown that Stirling technology is able to significantly reduce the environmental impact of ULT freezers.
A phylogenetically-restricted essential cell cycle progression factor in the human pathogen Candida albicans (2022)

Chromosomal instability caused by cell division errors is associated with antifungal drug resistance in fungal pathogens. Here, we identify potential mechanisms underlying such instability by conducting an overexpression screen monitoring chromosomal stability in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Analysis of ~1000 genes uncovers six chromosomal stability (CSA) genes, five of which are related to cell division genes of other organisms. The sixth gene, CSA6, appears to be present only in species belonging to the CUG-Ser clade, which includes C. albicans and other human fungal pathogens. The protein encoded by CSA6 localizes to the spindle pole bodies, is required for exit from mitosis, and induces a checkpoint-dependent metaphase arrest upon overexpression. Thus, Csa6 is an essential cell cycle progression factor that is restricted to the CUG-Ser fungal clade, and could therefore be explored as a potential antifungal target.
Absence of nematic instability in LiFeAs (2022)

The relationship among unconventional superconductivity, antiferromagnetism, and nematic order in iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) is still highly debated. In many FeSCs superconductivity is in proximity of a nematically and magnetically ordered state. LiFeAs is an exceptional stoichiometric FeSC becoming superconducting below 18 K without undergoing a structural or magnetic transition. However, some recent experimental studies suggested the existence of finite nematic fluctuations and even a nematic superconducting state. In this paper, we employ elastoresistance as a measure of nematic fluctuations in pristine LiFeAs and compare the findings with the elastoresistance of LiFeAs at low Co and V doping levels as well with that of magnetically and nematically ordering NaFeAs. We find LiFeAs and cobalt-doped LiFeAs far away from a nematic instability.
Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from Circulating B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Display Impaired Migration to Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from Circulating B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Display Impaired Migration to Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow
Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel Survivin Inhibitors with Potent Anti-Proliferative Properties (2015)

The anti-apoptotic protein survivin is highly expressed in most human cancer cells, but has very low expression in normal differentiated cells. Thus survivin is considered as an attractive cancer drug target. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a series of novel survivin inhibitors based on the oxyquinoline scaffold from our recently identified hit compound UC-112. These new analogs were tested against a panel of cancer cell lines including one with multidrug-resistant phenotype. Eight of these new UC-112 analogs showed IC50 values in the nanomole range in anti-proliferative assays. The best three compounds among them along with UC-112 were submitted for NCI-60 cancer cell line screening. The results indicated that structural modification from UC-112 to our best compound 4g has improved activity by four folds (2.2 μM for UC-112 vs. 0.5 μM for 4g, average GI50 values over all cancer cell lines in the NCI-60 panel).Western blot analyses demonstrated the new compounds maintained high selectivity for survivin inhibition over other members in the inhibition of apoptosis protein family. When tested in an A375 human melanoma xenograft model, the most active compound 4g effectively suppressed tumor growth and strongly induced cancer cell apoptosis in tumor tissues. This novel scaffold is promising for the development of selective survivin inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.
Gas Permeability and Phase Morphology of Poly(1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne)/Poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne) Blends (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTGas Permeability and Phase Morphology of Poly(1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne)/Poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne) BlendsLora G. Toy, Benny D. Freeman, Richard J. Spontak, Atsushi Morisato, and Ingo PinnauView Author Information Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Membrane Technology and Research, Inc., 1360 Willow Road, Suite 103, Menlo Park, California 94025 Cite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 16, 4766–4769Publication Date (Web):August 11, 1997Publication History Received22 January 1997Revised19 May 1997Published online11 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma970091thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma970091tbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Colloids,Interface engineering,Permeability,Selectivity,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Novel Positively Charged Metal-Coordinated Nanofiltration Membrane for Lithium Recovery (2021)

Nanofiltration (NF) with high water flux and precise separation performance with high Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> selectivity is ideal for lithium brine recovery. However, conventional polyamide-based commercial NF membranes are ineffective in lithium recovery processes due to their undesired Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> selectivity. In addition, they are constrained by the water permeance selectivity trade-off, which means that a highly permeable membrane often has lower selectivity. In this study, we developed a novel nonpolyamide NF membrane based on metal-coordinated structure, which exhibits simultaneously improved water permeance and Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> selectivity. Specifically, the optimized Cu-<i>m</i>-phenylenediamine (MPD) membrane demonstrated a high water permeance of 16.2 ± 2.7 LMH/bar and a high Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> selectivity of 8.0 ± 1.0, which surpassed the trade-off of permeance selectivity. Meanwhile, the existence of copper in the Cu-MPD membrane further enhanced anti-biofouling property and the metal-coordinated nanofiltration membrane possesses a pH-responsive property. Finally, a transport model based on the Nernst-Planck equations has been developed to fit the water flux and rejection of uncharged solutes to the experiments conducted. The model had a deviation below 2% for all experiments performed and suggested an average pore radius of 1.25 nm with a porosity of 21% for the Cu-MPD membrane. Overall, our study provides an exciting approach for fabricating a nonpolyamide high-performance nanofiltration membrane in the context of lithium recovery.
High-Level Design Tools for Floating Point FPGAs (2015)

This tutorial describes tools for efficiently implementing floating point applications on FPGAs. We present both the SDK for OpenCL and DSP Builder Advanced Blockset and show that they can be effectively used to implement many floating point applications. The methods for optimizing application performance are also described.
Physicochemical transformation of milk components and release of foot-and-mouth disease virus (1983)

Possible mechanisms for protective roles of milk components on foot-and-mouth disease virus present in the milk of infected cows were examined. Light scattering bands collected from Ficoll-sucrose gradient fractions of skim-milk contained membrane-limited structures but these were non-infectious for bovine kidney cells. Infectivity titres in buttermilk higher than those of the original cream or butter suggested association of virus with milk fat globules. Increased infectivity titres in skim-milk after treatment with SDS suggested release of virus particles from dissociated casein micelle subunits. Chelating agents, de-emulsifying agents and trypsin, which alter the structure of the individual milk components casein, lipid and milk fat globule membrane were without effect on infectivity titres.
Electrochemical and Thermal Investigation of Li[sub 4∕3]Ti[sub 5∕3]O[sub 4] Spinel (2007)

We have studied the electrochemical and thermal properties of spinel as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. The spinel/rock-salt two-phase transition process was interpreted using a core-shell model, which provided a good explanation of the different area-specific impedance behaviors during the charge and discharge processes. The constant dE/dT during the spinel/rock-salt phase transition was calculated from the heat-flow profile by isothermal microcalorimeter results and found to be around . This very low and constant entropy change indicates that is a good anode material in terms of thermal stability. Also, we propose that there is a new phase generation when more than one lithium atom is inserted into . According to the discontinuity of dE/dT results, the order/disorder transition at the low-voltage region (around vs Li) occurs during further lithium insertion.
Inspection Technology for F-Theta Lens: Practices and Discussions (2007)

This paper presents the inspection technology for a freeform surface component which is named F-theta lens. F-theta lens is widely used in laser scanners, printers, etc. Freeform characterization is one of the main approaches to verify the manufacturing precision of freeform surface. At present, there is still a lack of techniques for the characterization of freeform surfaces. This study aimed to explore some approaches to inspect freeform surfaces. Two types of measurement methods, namely contact and non-contact measurement methods, are employed to measure the F-theta lens surface. The pros and cons, the existing problems, different applications and areas for improvement of the two methods are discussed. A series of advanced measuring instruments are used in the measurement process. A brief description of measurement mechanisms of these instruments is also presented. As a whole, this paper contributes to the development of the precision measurement technology for optical freeform surfaces.
A programmable vision chip for CNN based algorithms (2002)

In this paper, an original architecture of cellular neural network (CNN) vision chip is addressed. In the introduction, an analyse of the limitations of the usual approaches leads us to propose an original architecture. The paper is dedicated to the description of the three main blocks of our vision chip. Then, the major building blocks are detailed. Finally, design considerations and the practical implementation of a typical CNN algorithm are discussed.
Bisamide Derivative of Dicarboxylic Acid Contributes to Restoration of Testicular Tissue Function and Influences Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Metabolic Disorders (2020)

Metabolic syndrome can lead to several challenging complications including degeneration of the pancreas and hypogonadism. Recently, we have shown that Bisamide Derivative of Dicarboxylic Acid (BDDA) can contribute to pancreatic restoration in mice with metabolic disorders via its positive effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, and by increasing the numbers of pancreatic stem cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that BDDA might also be effective in restoring hypogonadism caused by metabolic syndrome. Experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 mice with hypogonadism, where metabolic disorders have been introduced by a combination of streptozotocin treatment and high fat diet. Using a combination of histological and biochemical methods along with a flow cytometric analysis of stem and progenitor cell markers, we evaluated the biological effects of BDDA on testicular tissue, germ cells, spermatogonial stem cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, as well as on fertility. We demonstrate that in mice with metabolic disorders, BDDA has positive effects on spermatogenesis and restores fertility. We also show that BDDA exerts its therapeutic effects by reducing inflammation and by modulating spermatogonial stem cells. Thus, our results suggest that BDDA could represent a promising lead compound for the development of novel therapeutics able to stimulate regeneration of the testicular tissue and to restore fertility in hypogonadism resulting from complications of metabolic syndrome.
Modulation of IL-17 backbone dynamics reduces receptor affinity and reveals a new inhibitory mechanism (2023)

Knowledge of protein dynamics is fundamental to the understanding of biological processes, with NMR and 2D-IR spectroscopy being two of the principal methods for studying protein dynamics. Here, we combine these two methods to gain a new understanding of the complex mechanism of a cytokine:receptor interaction. The dynamic nature of many cytokines is now being recognised as a key property in the signalling mechanism. Interleukin-17s (IL-17) are proinflammatory cytokines which, if unregulated, are associated with serious autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, and although there are several therapeutics on the market for these conditions, small molecule therapeutics remain elusive. Previous studies, exploiting crystallographic methods alone, have been unable to explain the dramatic differences in affinity observed between IL-17 dimers and their receptors, suggesting there are factors that cannot be fully explained by the analysis of static structures alone. Here, we show that the IL-17 family of cytokines have varying degrees of flexibility which directly correlates to their receptor affinities. Small molecule inhibitors of the cytokine:receptor interaction are usually thought to function by either causing steric clashes or structural changes. However, our results, supported by other biophysical methods, provide evidence for an alternate mechanism of inhibition, in which the small molecule rigidifies the protein, causing a reduction in receptor affinity. The results presented here indicate an induced fit model of cytokine:receptor binding, with the more flexible cytokines having a higher affinity. Our approach could be applied to other systems where the inhibition of a protein-protein interaction has proved intractable, for example due to the flat, featureless nature of the interface. Targeting allosteric sites which modulate protein dynamics, opens up new avenues for novel therapeutic development.