gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ambrisentan attenuates lung and heart injury in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2011)

The selective endothelin receptor type A antagonist ambrisentan may be a novel therapeutic agent in neonatal chronic lung disease by blocking the adverse effects of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The cardiopulmonary effects of ambrisentan were studied in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Ambrisentan treatment was investigated in 2 models of experimental BPD: a prophylactic model, in which pups were continuously exposed to hyperoxia and treated daily with either saline or ambrisentan (20 mg/kg body weight/day; injected subcutaneously), and an injury-recovery model, in which pups were exposed to hyperoxia for 9 days, followed by 9 days of recovery in room-air and treatment with ambrisentan was started on day 6 of oxygen exposure and continued during the recovery period. In the prophylactic model treatment with ambrisentan improved survival ( p &lt;0.01) by reducing lung fibrin deposition (3-fold, p &lt;0.001), alveolar septum thickness (1.7-fold, p &lt; 0.001) and medial wall thickness of small arterioles as a marker for PAH (1.7-fold, p &lt;0.001), and preventing associated RVH ( p &lt;0.001). Treatment with ambrisentan did not have beneficial effects on alveolar enlargement, vascularization, the pulmonary influx of macrophages and neutrophils, and the mRNA expression of procoagulant and inflammatory markers. In the injury-recovery model treatment with ambrisentan attenuated PAH and RVH ( p &lt;0.001), demonstrating that established PAH-induced RVH is still reversible in the neonatal period. Beneficial effects on reduced pulmonary vascularization and alveolarization were absent.
Colon cancer associated transcript‐1: A novel RNA expressed in malignant and pre‐malignant human tissues (2011)

Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently based on fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy, both which can significantly reduce CRC-related mortality. However, FOBT has low-sensitivity and specificity, whereas colonoscopy is labor- and cost-intensive. Therefore, the discovery of novel biomarkers that can be used for improved CRC screening, diagnosis, staging and as targets for novel therapies is of utmost importance. To identify novel CRC biomarkers we utilized representational difference analysis (RDA) and characterized a colon cancer associated transcript (CCAT1), demonstrating consistently strong expression in adenocarcinoma of the colon, while being largely undetectable in normal human tissues (p < 000.1). CCAT1 levels in CRC are on average 235-fold higher than those found in normal mucosa. Importantly, CCAT1 is strongly expressed in tissues representing the early phase of tumorigenesis: in adenomatous polyps and in tumor-proximal colonic epithelium, as well as in later stages of the disease (liver metastasis, for example). In CRC-associated lymph nodes, CCAT1 overexpression is detectable in all H&E positive, and 40.0% of H&E and immunohistochemistry negative lymph nodes, suggesting very high sensitivity. CCAT1 is also overexpressed in 40.0% of peripheral blood samples of patients with CRC but not in healthy controls. CCAT1 is therefore a highly specific and readily detectable marker for CRC and tumor-associated tissues.
Buried Power Rail Metal exploration towards the 1 nm Node (2021)

This work reports metal exploration for buried power rail (BPR) and Via-to-BPR (VBPR) towards the 1 nm node. For tungsten, which is the first choice of BPR metal at the 3 nm node, we optimize W metallization stack to minimize line resistivity, together with ways to reduce W-BPR - W-VBPR contact resistance (R). For scaled BPR CDs at the 2 nm and 1 nm nodes, we introduce molybdenum at the BPR level and benchmark its R and electromigration against W and Ru metallization. Additionally, Mo dry & wet, selective etch processes to enable Mo-BPR recess in fin/STI stack at fin pitch 24 nm, and a Mo wet clean process for VBPR contact formation are also demonstrated.
Movie 2 from HER2 Isoforms Uniquely Program Intratumor Heterogeneity and Predetermine Breast Cancer Trajectories During the Occult Tumorigenic Phase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;d16HER2 labelled sidebuds. d16HER2 shown in yellow. Krt14 antibody staining shown in green.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of acute changes in fasting glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on indices of β-cell function and glucose metabolism in subjects without diabetes (2023)

Elevated fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and fasting glucose are additively associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and decreased β-cell function [quantified as disposition index (DI)]. We sought to examine how changes in fasting FFA and glucose alter islet function. We studied 10 subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) on two occasions. On one occasion, Intralipid and glucose were infused overnight to mimic conditions present in IFG/IGT. In addition, we studied seven subjects with IFG/IGT on two occasions. On one occasion, insulin was infused to lower overnight FFA and glucose concentrations to those observed in people with NFG/NGT. The following morning, a labeled mixed meal was used to measure postprandial glucose metabolism and β-cell function. Elevation of overnight fasting FFA and glucose in NFG/NGT did not alter peak or integrated glucose concentrations (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1 Mol per 5 h, Saline vs. Intralipid/glucose, <i>P</i> = 0.55). Although overall β-cell function quantified by the Disposition Index was unchanged, the dynamic component of β-cell responsivity (ϕ<sub>d</sub>) was decreased by Intralipid and glucose infusion (9 ± 1 vs. 16 ± 3 10<sup>-9</sup>, <i>P</i> = 0.02). In people with IFG/IGT, insulin did not alter postprandial glucose concentrations or indices of β-cell function. Endogenous glucose production and glucose disappearance were also unchanged in both groups. We conclude that acute, overnight changes in FFA, and glucose concentrations do not alter islet function or glucose metabolism in prediabetes.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This experiment studied the effect of changes in overnight concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glucose on β-cell function and glucose metabolism. In response to elevation of these metabolites, the dynamic component of the β-cell response to glucose was impaired. This suggests that in health overnight hyperglycemia and FFA elevation can deplete preformed insulin granules in the β-cell.
Results of the ADAPT Phase 3 Study of Rocapuldencel-T in Combination with Sunitinib as First-Line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2020)

Rocapuldencel-T did not improve OS in patients treated with combination therapy, although the induced immune response correlated with OS. Moreover, we identified two potential survival-predictive biomarkers for patients receiving DC based immunotherapy, IL-12 produced by the DC vaccine and higher numbers of T regulatory cells present in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced RCC.
Side information source coding: low complexity design and source independence (2003)

Correlated sources X and Y are drawn i.i.d. according to probability mass function (pmf) p(x,y). In the side information source code (SISC) configuration: p(x,y) is known a priori to both the encoder and the decoder; the encoder knows X but not Y; the decoder knows Y but not X; the encoder encodes X and transmits the description of X to the decoder; the decoder reconstructs X using the source description and side information Y. The universal linked side information source code (ULSISC) configuration modifies the SISC configuration by assuming that p(x,y) is unknown a priori and that a asymptotically negligible amount of communication is allowed from the decoder to the encoder. We combine SISC design with ULSISC theory to build the codes for applications where the source statistics are unknown at design time. Experimental results compare ULSISC and SISC performance.
Organic matrix modifiers for direct determination of zinc in sea water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1981)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Evaluation of processing variables in polymer projection sintering (2018)

Purpose Projection sintering, a system for selectively sintering large areas of polymer powder simultaneously with a high-power projector is introduced. This paper aims to evaluate the suitability of laser sintering (LS) process parameters for projection sintering, as it uses substantially lower intensities, longer exposure times and larger areas than conventional LS. Design/methodology/approach The tradeoffs in sintering outcomes are evaluated by creating single layer components with varied exposure times and optical intensities. Some of these components were cross-sectioned and evaluated for degree of densification, while the single-layer thickness and the maximum tensile force was measured for the rest. Findings Shorter exposure times and higher intensities can create thicker and therefore stronger parts than when equal energy is applied over longer exposures. This is different from LS in which energy input (Andrew’s Number) is accepted as a reliable process variable. This difference is likely because significant thermal energy is lost from the sintering region during the exposure time – resulting in reduced peak temperatures. These thermal losses can be offset by imparting additional energy through increased exposure time or light intensity. Practical implications Most methods for evaluating LS process parameters, such as the energy melt ratio and Andrew’s Number, estimate energy input from basic process parameters. These methods do not account for thermal losses and assume that the powder absorbs all incident light. These methods become increasingly inaccurate for projection sintering with visible light where exposure times are much higher (&gt;1s) and a larger portion of the light is reflected from the power’s surface. Understanding the appropriate sintering criteria is critical for the development of long-exposure sintering. Originality/value A new method of selectively sintering large areas is introduced that could sinter a wider variety of materials by enabling longer sintering times and may increase productivity relative to LS. This work shows that new processing parameters are required for projection sintering as traditional LS process parameters are inadequate.
Characterization of pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri strains and their importance in rainbow trout immunoprophylaxis (2017)

Due to the wide range of distribution, tendency to stationary persistence and high susceptibility of salmonid fish, vaccination against yersiniosis is an important part of prophylactic programs in many trout farms. The use of autovaccines prepared on the basis of isolates from a given fish farm is considered to be more effective than the use of commercial preparations. The aim of the study was to analyze cases of the disease in 2015 and to try to explain the failure of implemented prophylactic program based on autovaccination. Y. ruckeri strains isolated from one fish farm, from disease outbreaks in 2006, 2008 and 2015, as well as strains used for vaccine production were analyzed. Biotype evaluation, biochemical properties using API 20E assays, serotyping, and molecular identification were performed. All analyzed strains belonged to biotype 2. Two different profiles were obtained in API 20E tests. The first was obtained for vaccine strains and from disease cases in 2006 and 2008. The second was obtained for the strain isolated from the disease case in 2015. None of the profiles have been interpreted as Y. ruckeri in the APIweb. The identification of bacteria was confirmed by PCR. Disease strains and two vaccine strains belonged to the O1 serotype. Two of the vaccine strains have been qualified as O5 serotype. The obtained results indicate that the disease outbreak in 2015 was due to the emergence of a strain with increased pathogenicity and the use of an autovaccine based on strains belonging to the O5 serotype, considered to be less pathogenic. Immunization with the use of the O5 serotype does not provide complete protection against infection with other serotypes, so that fish remained susceptible to O1 serotype, which caused the disease in 2015. The results suggest the need for extending the diagnostics of strains used for the production of autovaccines.
Lymphoid tissue phospholipase A2 group IID resolves contact hypersensitivity by driving antiinflammatory lipid mediators (2013)

Resolution of inflammation is an active process that is mediated in part by antiinflammatory lipid mediators. Although phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes have been implicated in the promotion of inflammation through mobilizing lipid mediators, the molecular entity of PLA2 subtypes acting upstream of antiinflammatory lipid mediators remains unknown. Herein, we show that secreted PLA2 group IID (PLA2G2D) is preferentially expressed in CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages and displays a pro-resolving function. In hapten-induced contact dermatitis, resolution, not propagation, of inflammation was compromised in skin and LNs of PLA2G2D-deficient mice (Pla2g2d(-/-)), in which the immune balance was shifted toward a proinflammatory state over an antiinflammatory state. Bone marrow-derived DCs from Pla2g2d(-/-) mice were hyperactivated and elicited skin inflammation after intravenous transfer into mice. Lipidomics analysis revealed that PLA2G2D in the LNs contributed to mobilization of a pool of polyunsaturated fatty acids that could serve as precursors for antiinflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators such as resolvin D1 and 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2, which reduced Th1 cytokine production and surface MHC class II expression in LN cells or DCs. Altogether, our results highlight PLA2G2D as a "resolving sPLA2" that ameliorates inflammation through mobilizing pro-resolving lipid mediators and points to a potential use of this enzyme for treatment of inflammatory disorders.
Dynamics of stars and linear chains dissolved in a polymer melt (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamics of stars and linear chains dissolved in a polymer meltFrancoise Brochard-Wyart, Armand Ajdari, Ludwik Leibler, Michael Rubinstein, and Jean Louis ViovyCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 3, 803–808Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00081a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Scope of the Cu‐Assisted Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction. (2011)

Abstract The addition of stoichiometric amounts of CuCl efficiently improves the coupling of aryl chlorides and of polyhalo or hindered arylboronates to give higher yields in a shorter time.
Supplementing rare-earth metal with ferrite in wave power generator (2013)

This thesis presents research regarding a full scale linear ferrite permanent magnet generator, installed in a wave energy conversion system. The ferrite based magnetic circuit, supplementing the previous utilized Nd2Fe14B-magnet design, is designed with an electromagnetic numerical simulation tool, where the model is derived from Maxwell’s equations. The full scale design is, known to the author, the first developed linear ferrite based machine. The material change in the magnetic circuit required different mechanical solutions of the generator. The fundamental, primary theory and reasoning behind the new mechanical design is here presented, where sustainability, economy and production have been in focus and affected the final design. Two versions of the generator have been assembled and deployed at the projects experimental site on the Swedish west coast, and three more are under construction, planned to be installed during the autumn of 2013. Further, the thesis presents an electric conversion circuit based on the electric resonance phenomena. Full scale experimental results present a successfully achieved electric resonance between the linear wave energy generator and external circuit.Finally, research regarding a two pole permanent magnet motor for an electrical vehicle is presented. Detailed analytical and numerical calculations are utilized to investigate the losses in the machine over a wide frequency interval. The results indicate the possibility of an increased efficiency of electrical motors in electrical vehicle system and argue for elimination of the gearbox. The system total efficiency and mechanical stability can thereby be increased. The work concerning the wave energy converter is a part of a larger project, the Lysekil Wave Power Project, developed by a research group at Uppsala University, whereas the work concerning the electric motor so far has been carried out as an individual project. However, a future goal is to integrate the research on the electric motor for electric vehicles with ongoing research regarding a flywheel based electric driveline for an All Electric Propulsion System.
Predicting Long-term Results of Trabeculectomy From Early Postoperative Intraocular Pressure Levels (1996)

Positive results on postoperative Seidel tests did not predict a poor prognosis. However, high intraocular pressure after the first week may require intervention because it predicts a poor prognosis.
Somatic cell hybrids producing antibodies specific for the tumor antigen of simian virus 40. (1978)

We have produced somatic cell hybrids between mouse myeloma cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase; EC 2.4.2.8) and spleen cells derived from mice primed with either syngeneic or allogeneic cells transformed by simian virus 40. Such hybrids produced antibodies specific for simian virus 40 tumor (T) antigen. Only four of twelve independent hybrid cell cultures produced antibodies against simian virus 40 T antigen that crossreacted with the T antigen induced by BK virus, a human papovavirus isolated from patients who had undergone immunosuppressive therapy.
Photochemical and Photophysical Deactivation of 2,4,6-Triaryl-1,3,5-triazines (2000)

Both UV absorption and fluorescence maxima of 2-(2-methoxyaryl)-1,3,5-triazines show a marked bathochromic shift with increasing proton concentration. Well-defined isosbestic points establish an equilibrium between protonated and nonprotonated species for the ground state. 1H and 13C NMR data unequivocally prove a rapid prototropic equilibrium (> 102/s) between tautomers protonated at N-1, N-3, and N-5, respectively. The NMR data also show a substantial increase in charge transfer, upon protonation, from the phenyl, and even more from the alkoxy-substituted aryl rings into the triazine system already for the ground state. At higher proton concentrations, the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) fluorescence of the nonprotonated (2-methoxyaryl) triazines is gradually replaced by the much weaker fluorescence of the protonated species, which is shifted to still longer wavelengths. Because the electron-accepting capacity of triazines is enhanced in the excited state, their pKa values increase, upon photoexcitation, by 6.8−9 units; thence, the excited-state energy level of the protonated form (S1‘) is calculated to be lower by 37−51 kJ/mol than that of the respective nonprotonated species (S1). Protonation thus leads to static quenching of the fluorescence. Halide ions, in contrast, can act as external electron donors toward triazines only in their highly electron-affine excited state, and so effect merely dynamic fluorescence quenching, with a corresponding reduction in fluorescence quantum yield, for the (2-methoxyaryl) triazines. Photochemical stabilization by protonation, therefore, is more efficient than by electron transfer. For all systems investigated, the excited-state electron transfer is exergonic and hence may be considered as diffusion-controlled, in accordance with the Rehm−Weller equation.
Effect of nutrition on tumor necrosis factor receptors in weight-gaining and -losing rats (1999)

Previous studies showed that weight-gaining rats had greater retention and reduced turnover of 125I-labeled tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the circulation compared with weight-losing animals. We therefore tested the hypothesis that protein-energy restriction with weight loss reduces the levels of soluble TNF-alpha receptor (sTNFR) and membrane TNFR (mTNFR) and the cellular expression of TNF-alpha mRNA. Twenty-six male rats weighing 200-220 g were fed a liquid formula diet for 10 days and divided equally into weight-gaining rats meeting all nutritional requirements (WG rats) and weight-losing rats with protein-energy restriction (WL rats). 125I-TNF-alpha binding was demonstrated in plasma and plasma membrane to proteins of molecular masses of 92 and 243 kDa, a finding identical to that seen with purified human p55. Excess unlabeled TNF-alpha displaced the binding showing its specificity. The degree of binding to plasma protein and liver plasma membrane was markedly reduced in WL rats. Northern analysis showed that the expression of p55 mRNA was increased in the lungs and reduced in kidneys of WL compared with WG rats. The expression of p75 mRNA was not influenced by the nutritional status. We conclude that levels of sTNFR and mTNFR were reduced in WL rats. Reduced sTNFR and liver mTNFR are not due to a reduction in the expression of either p55 or p75 mRNA in WL rats. Reduced mTNFR, together with reduced shedding of soluble receptors, may have a protective role in WL rats.
TeleGam: Combining Visualization and Verbalization for Interpretable Machine Learning (2019)

While machine learning (ML) continues to find success in solving previously-thought hard problems, interpreting and exploring ML models remains challenging. Recent work has shown that visualizations are a powerful tool to aid debugging, analyzing, and interpreting ML models. However, depending on the complexity of the model (e.g., number of features), interpreting these visualizations can be difficult and may require additional expertise. Alternatively, textual descriptions, or verbalizations, can be a simple, yet effective way to communicate or summarize key aspects about a model, such as the overall trend in a model’s predictions or comparisons between pairs of data instances. With the potential benefits of visualizations and verbalizations in mind, we explore how the two can be combined to aid ML interpretability. Specifically, we present a prototype system, TeleGam, that demonstrates how visualizations and verbalizations can collectively support interactive exploration of ML models, for example, generalized additive models (GAMs). We describe TeleGam’s interface and underlying heuristics to generate the verbalizations. We conclude by discussing how TeleGam can serve as a platform to conduct future studies for understanding user expectations and designing novel interfaces for interpretable ML.