gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring-Opening Polymerization (2017)

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated.
Analysis and operation of modular multilevel converters with phase-shifted carrier PWM (2013)

The modular multilevel converter is a suitable topology for high-voltage high-power applications since the cascaded submodules can generate high-voltage waveforms with excellent harmonic performance at low switching frequencies. Many publications have been presented on the modulation and control of this converter type, some of which are based on phase-shifted carrier modulation. This paper presents an analysis of how the switching frequency affects the capacitor voltages, circulating current and alternating voltage at phase-shifted carrier modulation. It is found that integer multiples of the fundamental frequency should be avoided as they can cause the capacitor voltages to diverge. Suitable switching frequencies are then defined for which the arm and line quantities will be periodic and symmetric in the upper and lower arms. The theoretical results are then validated by both simulations and experimental results.
Employment of High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography for the Quantification of Oleuropein in Olive Leaves and the Selection of a Suitable Solvent System for Its Isolation with Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (2015)

A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic methodology was developed and validated for the isolation and quantitative determination of oleuropein in two extracts of Olea europaea leaves. OLE_A was a crude acetone extract, while OLE_AA was its defatted residue. Initially, high-performance thin-layer chromatography was employed for the purification process of oleuropein with fast centrifugal partition chromatography, replacing high-performance liquid-chromatography, in the stage of the determination of the distribution coefficient and the retention volume. A densitometric method was developed for the determination of the distribution coefficients, KC = CS/CM. The total concentrations of the target compound in the stationary phase (CS) and in the mobile phase (CM) were calculated by the area measured in the high-performance thin-layer chromatogram. The estimated Kc was also used for the calculation of the retention volume, VR, with a chromatographic retention equation. The obtained data were successfully applied for the purification of oleuropein and the experimental results confirmed the theoretical predictions, indicating that high-performance thin-layer chromatography could be an important counterpart in the phytochemical study of natural products. The isolated oleuropein (purity > 95%) was subsequently used for the estimation of its content in each extract with a simple, sensitive and accurate high-performance thin-layer chromatography method. The best fit calibration curve from 1.0 µg/track to 6.0 µg/track of oleuropein was polynomial and the quantification was achieved by UV detection at λ 240 nm. The method was validated giving rise to an efficient and high-throughput procedure, with the relative standard deviation % of repeatability and intermediate precision not exceeding 4.9% and accuracy between 92% and 98% (recovery rates). Moreover, the method was validated for robustness, limit of quantitation, and limit of detection. The amount of oleuropein for OLE_A, OLE_AA, and an aqueous extract of olive leaves was estimated to be 35.5% ± 2.7, 51.5% ± 1.4, and 12.5% ± 0.12, respectively. Statistical analysis proved that the method is repeatable and selective, and can be effectively applied for the estimation of oleuropein in olive leaves' extracts, and could potentially replace high-performance liquid chromatography methodologies developed so far. Thus, the phytochemical investigation of oleuropein could be based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with separation processes, such as fast centrifugal partition chromatography, showing efficacy and credibility.
Modeling Electron and Hole Transport in Fluoroarene‐Oligothiopene Semiconductors: Investigation of Geometric and Electronic Structure Properties (2008)

Abstract A theoretical study using density functional theory is undertaken to gain insight into how the structural, electronic, and electron‐transfer characteristics of three Fluoroarene‐oligothiophene semiconductors influence the preferred transport of electrons versus holes in field‐effect transistor applications. The intermolecular electronic coupling interactions are analyzed through both a simplified energy‐splitting in dimer (ESID) model and as a function of the entire dimer Hamiltonian in order to understand the impact of site energy differences; our results indicate that these differences are generally negligible for the series and, hence, use of the ESID model is valid. In addition, we also investigate the reduction and oxidation processes to understand the magnitudes of the intramolecular reorganization energy for the charge‐hopping process and expected barrier heights for electron and hole injection into these materials. From the electronic coupling and intramolecular reorganization energies, estimates of the nearest‐neighbor electron‐transfer hopping rate constant for electrons are obtained. The ionization energetics suggest favored electron injection for the system with perfluoroarene groups at the end of the thiophene core, in agreement with experiments. The combined analyses of the electron‐transfer properties and ionization processes suggest possible ambipolar behavior for these materials under favorable device conditions.
Antibiotics prescription to decrease progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced cancers treated with PD1/PDL1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. (2017)

3015 Background: Use of antibiotics (ATB) alters the gut microbiota composition and decreases bacterial diversity. Pre-clinical evidences demonstrated the impact of the microbiota in the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) in cancer. Interaction between ATB and ICB has not been extensively investigated in cancer patients (pts). Our study evaluated the effect of ATB in cancer pts treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of pts treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), Urothelial Cancer (UC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and data on ATB use were collected. ATB(+)/(-) groups were defined as pts treated or not with ATB before (2 months period) or within the first month of ICB. PFS and OS were compared between both groups among all pts and then according to tumor site. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analyses were performed separately for each cancer type adjusting for its specific risk factors. Results: Among 175 pts included, 51 (29%) received ATB (mostly beta-lactamases and fluoroquinolones). ATB(+) group had shorter PFS and OS when compared to ATB(-) group: 3.4 vs. 5.2 months, p &lt; 0.013, and 12.2 vs. 20.8 months, p &lt; 0.001, respectively. According to tumor type, ATB(+) group translated into decrease OS (7.0 vs. 13.8 months, p &lt; 0.038) in NSCLC. In RCC and UC pts, ATB (+) group had shorter PFS when compared to ATB(-) group (4.3 vs. 7.4 months, p &lt; 0.013 and 1.8 vs. 4.3 months, p = 0.048, respectively). The negative impact of ATB was maintained after multivariate analyses adjusting for risk factors in each tumor type. Conclusions: ATB prescription preceding or concomitant to the first injection of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors impaired the outcome in patients with advanced cancers. This reduction in efficacy seems to be independent of classical prognostic factors in RCC, UC and NSCLC. These data should be validated in larger cohort. In addition, the role of gut composition to explain this interaction is ongoing, as well as novel diagnosis tools based on microbiota to predict response/resistance to ICB.
Thin-film filter, wavelength-locked, multi-laser cavity for dense wavelength beam combining of broad-area laser diode bars (2015)

We report on individual wavelength locking of a multiplet of 100-μm broad-area laser diode emitters arranged on a 50% fill-factor bar by means of a single external multi-laser cavity using an ultra-narrowband thin-film filter as a dispersive optical element. The achieved wavelength-locked output power is 216 W, corresponding to an electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency of about 49.7%. The 45 emitters of the laser diode bar are stabilized within a spectral range of about 6.4 nm. Our approach is suited for killowatt-class dense wavelength beam combining of direct diode lasers.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 4 from Novel Potent and Selective Inhibitors of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase Reveal the Heterogeneity of RSK Function in MAPK-Driven Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 650K, Figure S1. RSK N-terminal Kinase Directly Phosphorylates YB1 on Ser102. COS7 cells either (A) untransfected or (B) transiently expressing WT RSK2 or T493M RSK2 were placed under serum starvation conditions for 20 hrs, followed by 3 hour treatment with 1microM FMK-PA and subsequently stimulated with 1ng/ml EGF for 10 minutes. The levels of phosphorylated and total RSK2 and YB1 proteins were assessed in total cell lysates using Western Blot. β-actin protein levels were assessed for gel loading control. Figure S2. LJH685 modulates YB1 and BAD phosphorylation in either attached or anchorageindependent setting to similar extent and at similar concentrations of LJH685. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with the indicated kinase inhibitors for 4 hours. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blot with indicated antibodies. Figure S3. MDA-MB-231 cells were plated in Matrigel with DMSO or LJH685 for 6 days and colony morphology was examined using phase microscopy. Figure S4. MDA-MB-231 and H358 cells were plated on regular and ultra-low bind tissue culture plates for 5 days in presence of 10 microM LJH685 or DMSO. Cell Cycle distribution was assessed using FACS analysis of propidium iodide stained nuclei.&lt;/p&gt;
Applications of nano-polycrystalline diamond anvils to X-ray absorption spectroscopy under high pressure (2016)

Recently, nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) anvils have been widely applied in high pressure research using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The nanometer-sized polycrystallization in NPD anvils enables us to obtain glitch-free X-ray absorption spectra. This advantage of NPD anvils drastically improves the experimental conditions of XAS, which has previously used conventional single-crystal diamond (SCD) anvils. Distorted spectra due to the glitches from the SCD anvils have been an inevitable problem of XAS. This paper reviews recent studies of XAS and related spectroscopic techniques using the NPD anvils, which have mainly been performed on BL39XU of SPring-8. We demonstrate how NPD anvils are useful when using XAS for high pressure research.
Lack of IL-1 Receptor Signaling Reduces Spontaneous Airway Eosinophilia in Juvenile Mice with Muco-Obstructive Lung Disease (2019)

Previous studies demonstrated spontaneous type 2 airway inflammation with eosinophilia in juvenile <i>Scnn1b</i> (sodium channel, non-voltage-gated 1, β-subunit)-transgenic (<i>Scnn1b</i>-Tg) mice with muco-obstructive lung disease. IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling has been implicated in allergen-driven airway disease; however, its role in eosinophilic inflammation in muco-obstructive lung disease remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of IL-1R signaling in the development of airway eosinophilia and type 2 inflammation in juvenile <i>Scnn1b</i>-Tg mice. We determined effects of genetic deletion of <i>Il1r1</i> (IL-1 receptor type I) on eosinophil counts, transcript levels of key type 2 cytokines, markers of eosinophil activation and apoptosis, and tissue morphology in lungs of <i>Scnn1b</i>-Tg mice at different time points during neonatal development. Furthermore, we measured endothelial surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), an integrin involved in eosinophil transendothelial migration, and determined effects of eosinophil depletion using an anti-IL-5 antibody on lung morphology. Lack of IL-1R reduced airway eosinophilia and structural lung damage, but it did not reduce concentrations of type 2 cytokines and associated eosinophil activation in <i>Scnn1b</i>-Tg mice. Structural lung damage in <i>Scnn1b</i>-Tg mice was also reduced by eosinophil depletion. Lack of IL-1R was associated with reduced expression of ICAM-1 on lung endothelial cells and reduced eosinophil counts in lungs from <i>Scnn1b</i>-Tg mice. We conclude that IL-1R signaling is implicated in airway eosinophilia independent of type 2 cytokines in juvenile <i>Scnn1b</i>-Tg mice. Our data suggest that IL-1R signaling may be relevant in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway inflammation in muco-obstructive lung diseases, which may be mediated in part by ICAM-1-dependent transmigration of eosinophils into the lungs.
Application of a Multiscale, Molecular- to Meso-Scale Perspective towards the Investigation of Fe 3 O 4 as an Energy Storage Material (2017)

With a theoretical capacity exceeding 900 mAh/g, magnetite (Fe3O4) is an interesting anode material for lithium ion batteries. This report highlights observations relating to charge transfer capabilities of Fe3O4 over several length scales. Ex-situ extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data provide the foundation for study of the atomic-scale mechanism. The function of the Fe3O4 electrode material is studied both in nanometer sized particles (as observed by TEM), and in micron sized aggregates (as observed by transmission x-ray microscopy (TXM)). Notably, the recent development of electrically conducting binders towards modification of mesoscale electrode composition and structure demonstrates significant gains in capacity and capacity retention, despite utilizing the same Fe3O4 particles.
Supplementary figures legends from <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures legends&lt;/p&gt;
Drosophila Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax Homologue Reveals Evolutionary Conservation of Cell Death Mechanisms (2000)

Genetic analysis of programmed cell death in<i>Drosophila</i> reveals many similarities with mammals. Heretofore, a missing link in the fly has been the absence of any Bcl-2/Bax family members, proteins that function in mammals as regulators of mitochondrial cytochrome <i>c</i> release. A<i>Drosophila</i> homologue of the human killer protein Bok (DBok) was identified. The predicted structure of DBok is similar to pore-forming Bcl-2/Bax family members. DBok induces apoptosis in insect and human cells, which is suppressible by anti-apoptotic human Bcl-2 family proteins. A caspase inhibitor suppressed DBok-induced apoptosis but did not prevent DBok-induced cell death. Moreover, DBok targets mitochondria and triggers cytochrome <i>c</i> release through a caspase-independent mechanism. These characteristics of DBok reveal evolutionary conservation of cell death mechanisms in flies and humans.
Deuxième colloque annuel de l’ITMO des technologies pour la santé (2010)

Colloque organisé par la Chaire d’Innovation technologique Liliane Bettencourt et l’Institut thématique multi organismes (ITMO) Technologies pour la santé25 juin 2010
Analysis of Combinatorial Libraries Using Electrospray Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry has been used to provide information about complete combinatorial libraries of small peptides containing 10(3)-10(4) components. The fidelity of attempted synthesis steps can be ascertained rapidly, and, when the extremely high resolution FTICR mass spectra are combined with appropriate computer simulation, both diversity and degeneracy of the libraries as synthesized can be assessed.
Neuroleukemiosis: an unusual cause of peripheral neuropathy (2012)

Leukemia may initially present as a peripheral neuropathy, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Leukemic infiltration of peripheral nerves, or neuroleukemiosis (NL), is exceedingly rare, with no established diagnostic or therapeutic guidelines. Five cases are presented. All patients were men with a median age of 68 years (range 46-72). Three patients had acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and two had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In two patients, leukemia presented with peripheral nerve involvement and both were found to have positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, making the diagnosis AML, despite negative bone marrow and peripheral smear. All patients had painful, progressive, motor and sensory deficits. Clinical patterns were mononeuropathy (n =1), multiple mononeuropathies (n =1) and plexopathy (n =3). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected mass lesions in 4/5 cases, with avid fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) useful in all of these for following clinical disease progression. Three cases of nerve biopsy were performed, two of which were diagnostic of leukemic infiltration. Radiation treatment rapidly relieved pain in patients with mass lesions, in combination with chemotherapy. Four patients had disease relapse, four systemic and one also in peripheral nerves. These cases are discussed in the context of the broader literature.
Shear Stress-Mediated Growth of Cupric Phosphate Nanostructures (2021)

A facile, expeditious, and green method has been developed to fabricate cupric phosphate nanosheets, nanoflowers, nanoscrolls, and nanopetals using a vortex fluidic device (VFD), which possesses a rapidly rotating quartz tube tilted at ±45°. The changing state and dimensions of the nanostructures can be precisely controlled by varying the rotational speed of the angled quartz tube, processing time, pH, temperature, and the concentration of the divalent copper ion and phosphate ion precursor solutions. Via VFD processing, nanostructures are generated in 10 min and exhibit good stability in the absence of chemical stabilizers. In addition, the as-prepared nanoflowers exhibit enhanced catalytic activity for the Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B due to their hierarchical porous structure. The results obtained highlight the utility of the VFD by demonstrating its ability to control the growth and manipulation of inorganic crystalline materials.
AggreFlow: Achieving Power Efficiency, Load Balancing, and Quality of Service in Data Center Networks (2020)

Power-efficient Data Center Networks (DCNs) have been proposed to save power of DCNs using OpenFlow. In these DCNs, the OpenFlow controller adaptively turns on/off links and OpenFlow switches to form a minimum-power subnet that satisfies the traffic demand. As the subnet changes, flows are dynamically routed and rerouted to the routes composed of active switches and links. However, existing flow scheduling schemes could cause undesired results: (1) power inefficiency: due to unbalanced traffic allocation on active routes, extra switches and links may be activated to cater to bursty traffic surges on congested routes, and (2) Quality of Service (QoS) fluctuation: because of the limited flow entry processing ability, switches may not be able to timely install/delete/update flow entries to properly route/reroute flows. In this paper, we propose AggreFlow, a dynamic flow scheduling scheme that achieves power efficiency and QoS improvement using three techniques: Flow-set Routing, Lazy Rerouting, and Adaptive Rerouting. Flow-set Routing achieves load balancing with a small number of flow entry operations by routing flows in a coarse-grained flow-set fashion. Lazy Rerouting spreads rerouting operations over a relatively long period of time, reducing the burstiness of entry operation on switches. Adaptive Rerouting selectively reroutes flow-sets to maintain load balancing. We built an NS3 based fat-tree network simulation platform to evaluate AggreFlow's performance. The simulation results show that AggreFlow reduces power consumption by about 18%, yet achieving load balancing and improved QoS (low packet loss rate and reducing the number of processing entries for flow scheduling by 98%), compared with baseline schemes.
Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Radio Frequency Magnetron‐Sputtered LiCoO2 Thin Films (2020)

LiCoO 2 thin films are grown by radio frequency magnetron sputter‐deposition on platinum‐coated Al 2 O 3 (c‐sapphire) substrates. Deposition parameters such as substrate temperature and the partial pressure ratio between O 2 and Ar are varied to find suitable parameters for a cathode offering reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions. Structural characterization is carried out using X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, revealing that the orientation as well as the crystallinity of the deposited LiCoO 2 films can be influenced by varying the O 2 /Ar ratio and simultaneously applying a sufficient substrate temperature during deposition. Furthermore, both the atomic composition and the atomic distribution are determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Results show that the films posses surface contaminations of Li and oxygen‐rich compounds but have a homogeneous atomic distribution throughout the depth profile. For electrochemical characterization, LiCoO 2 thin films where charged and discharged against lithium metal while using a liquid electrolyte consisting of LiPF 6 dissolved in a mixture of ethylen carbonate/dimethyl carbonate with a molar fraction of 1:1. Reversible discharge capacities in the order of up to 70 mAh g −1 or 32.40 μAh cm −2 μm −1 can be achieved for optimized LiCoO 2 thin films.
A Wearable High-Resolution Facial Electromyography for Long Term Recordings in Freely Behaving Humans (2018)

Human facial expressions are a complex capacity, carrying important psychological and neurological information. Facial expressions typically involve the co-activation of several muscles; they vary between individuals, between voluntary versus spontaneous expressions, and depend strongly on personal interpretation. Accordingly, while high-resolution recording of muscle activation in a non-laboratory setting offers exciting opportunities, it remains a major challenge. This paper describes a wearable and non-invasive method for objective mapping of facial muscle activation and demonstrates its application in a natural setting. We focus on muscle activation associated with "enjoyment", "social" and "masked" smiles; three categories with distinct social meanings. We use an innovative, dry, soft electrode array designed specifically for facial surface electromyography recording, a customized independent component analysis algorithm, and a short training procedure to achieve the desired mapping. First, identification of the orbicularis oculi and the levator labii superioris was demonstrated from voluntary expressions. Second, the zygomaticus major was identified from voluntary and spontaneous Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles. Finally, using a wireless device in an unmodified work environment revealed expressions of diverse emotions in face-to-face interaction. Our high-resolution and crosstalk-free mapping, along with excellent user-convenience, opens new opportunities in gaming, virtual-reality, bio-feedback and objective psychological and neurological assessment.