gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testosterone and Androstenedione Metabolism in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Studies of the Percentage Binding of Testosterone in Plasma1 (1969)

Testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A) metabolism was studied in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) before and after bilateral wedge resection of the ovaries. In addition, studies of the percentage binding of testosterone in plasma are presented in the PCOS and in normal subjects. The plasma concentrations (PCT), metabolic clearance (MCRT) and plasma production rates (PRT) of testosterone in the PCOS were significantly increased. The PCA and PRA also increased in the PCOS, although the MCRA was within the normal range. The conversion ratios of testosterone and androstenedione and the rate transfer constants of these steroids were not significantly different from the normal group. Plasma androstenedione was the precursor of 14% of plasma testosterone in the PCOS, indicating that the major portion of plasma testosterone arose either from direct glandular secretion or by interconversion from a precursor other than androstenedione. Bilateral ovarian wedge resection resulted in an appreciable fall in the PCT and PRT. This may provide an explanation for the response of patients with the PCOS to this procedure. The percentage binding of testosterone in plasma was significantly lower than that found in normal women and similar to that of normal men. This finding in association with an increased PCT indicates an appreciable increase in the in vivo concentration of unbound steroid in the PCOS. Increasing the concentration of testosterone in normal female plasma in vitro did not result in any appreciable decrease in the percentage binding the hormone until plasma levels of the steroid exceeded the male physiologic range. Since the PCOS is associated with an increase in the PCT to only the lower limits of the male physiologic range, we can conclude that the decreased percentage binding of testosterone in plasma in this disorder is not primarily related to saturation the testosterone binding protein by the increased amount of the circulating steroid. In vitro saturation studies of PCOS plasma demonstrated similarity to male plasma, suggesting that the PCOS may be associated with either qualitative or quantitative changes in the testosterone binding protein or increased amounts of circulating steroids, other than testosterone, which compete for the testosterone binding sites. Increasing the plasma levels of testosterone chronically to the male range in normal women resulted in a dissociation between the percentage binding of testosterone and the MCRT. These findings would be unexpected if protein binding factors were the sole determinant of the MCRT. This suggests that the sex difference in MCRT and the increased MCRT in the PCOS may related, in part at least, to induction of testosterone catabolizing enzymes associated with chronic exposure to increased circulating levels of testosterone.
We are More than Our Joints: Predicting how 3D Bodies Move (2021)

A key step towards understanding human behavior is the prediction of 3D human motion. Successful solutions have many applications in human tracking, HCI, and graphics. Most previous work focuses on predicting a time series of future 3D joint locations given a sequence 3D joints from the past. This Euclidean formulation generally works better than predicting pose in terms of joint rotations. Body joint locations, however, do not fully constrain 3D human pose, leaving degrees of freedom (like rotation about a limb) undefined. Note that 3D joints can be viewed as a sparse point cloud. Thus the problem of human motion prediction can be seen as a problem of point cloud prediction. With this observation, we instead predict a sparse set of locations on the body surface that correspond to motion capture markers. Given such markers, we fit a parametric body model to recover the 3D body of the person. These sparse surface markers also carry detailed information about human movement that is not present in the joints, increasing the naturalness of the predicted motions. Using the AMASS dataset, we train MOJO (More than Our JOints), which is a novel variational autoencoder with a latent DCT space that generates motions from latent frequencies. MOJO preserves the full temporal resolution of the input motion, and sampling from the latent frequencies explicitly introduces high-frequency components into the generated motion. We note that motion prediction methods accumulate errors over time, resulting in joints or markers that diverge from true human bodies. To address this, we fit the SMPL-X body model to the predictions at each time step, projecting the solution back onto the space of valid bodies, before propagating the new markers in time. Quantitative and qualitative experiments show that our approach produces state-of-the-art results and realistic 3D body animations. The code is available for research purposes at https://yz-cnsdqz.github.io/MOJO/MOJO.html.
Heat Transfer Augmentation Downstream of Rows of Various Dimple Geometries on the Suction Side of a Gas Turbine Airfoil (2010)

Heat transfer coefficients were measured downstream of a row of shaped film cooling holes, as well as elliptical, diffuser, and teardrop shaped dimples, simulating depressions due to film coolant holes of different shapes. These features were placed on the suction side of a simulated gas turbine vane. The dimples were used as approximations to film cooling holes after the heat transfer levels downstream of active fan shaped film cooling holes was found to be independent of film cooling. The effects of the dimples were tested with varying approach boundary layers, freestream turbulence intensity, and Reynolds numbers. For the case of an untripped (transitional) approach boundary layer, all dimple shapes caused approximately a factor of 2 increase in heat transfer coefficient relative to the smooth baseline condition due to the dimples effectively causing boundary layer transition downstream. The exact augmentation varied depending on the dimple geometry: diffuser shapes causing the largest augmentation and teardrop shapes causing the lowest augmentation. For tripped (turbulent boundary layer) approach conditions, the dimple shapes all caused the same 20% augmentation relative to the smooth tripped baseline. The already turbulent nature of the tripped approach flow reduces the effect that the dimples have on the downstream heat transfer coefficient.
Cluster Alignment With a Teacher for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2019)

Deep learning methods have shown promise in unsupervised domain adaptation, which aims to leverage a labeled source domain to learn a classifier for the unlabeled target domain with a different distribution. However, such methods typically learn a domain-invariant representation space to match the marginal distributions of the source and target domains, while ignoring their fine-level structures. In this paper, we propose Cluster Alignment with a Teacher (CAT) for unsupervised domain adaptation, which can effectively incorporate the discriminative clustering structures in both domains for better adaptation. Technically, CAT leverages an implicit ensembling teacher model to reliably discover the class-conditional structure in the feature space for the unlabeled target domain. Then CAT forces the features of both the source and the target domains to form discriminative class-conditional clusters and aligns the corresponding clusters across domains. Empirical results demonstrate that CAT achieves state-of-the-art results in several unsupervised domain adaptation scenarios.
Supports for tissue regeneration (2006)

Scaffolds are fascinating structures, performing many functions to promote tissue repair and regeneration. The brief reviews contained in Scaffolding in Tissue Engineering provide a timely overview of this vibrant and rapidly evolving area of materials science.
A sulfur-assisted regioselective α-functionalization of cyclopropyl sulfides. Synthetic applications of homoallyl anion synthon (1992)

γ,δ-Unsaturated γ-sulfenyl or sulfinlalkylmercury chlorides 5 and 15, generated from the cyclopropyl sulfide 7 and mercury (II) trifluoroacetate, were demonstrated to be homoallyl anion synthons; these compounds recyclized into the α-functionalized cyclopropyl sulfide on reaction with several electrophiles.
Essential Gene(s) Targeted by Peptide Nucleic Acids Kills &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium smegmatis&lt;/i&gt; in Culture and in Infected Macrophages (2021)

Background: Antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) exhibit growth inhibitory effects on bacteria by inhibiting the expression of essential genes and could be promising therapeutic agents for treating bacterial infections. A study was carried out to determine the efficacy of several antisense PNAs in inhibiting extracellular and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Methods: Six PNAs obtained from a commercial supplier were tested to evaluate the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth by inhibiting the expression of the following essential genes: inhA (a fatty acid elongase), rpsL (ribosomal S12 protein), gyrA (DNA gyrase), pncA (pyrazinamidase), polA (DNA polymerase I) and rpoC (RNA polymerase β subunit) of M. smegmatis. Each PNA was tested at 20 μM, 10 μM, 5 μM and 2.5 μM concentrations to determine whether they caused a dose dependent killing of M. smegmatis cultured in Middlebrook 7H9 broth or in a J774A.1 murine macrophage cell line. Results: In Middlebrook broth, the strong growth inhibitory effect against M. smegmatis was observed by PNAs targeting the inhA and rpsL genes at all four concentrations. The PNAs targeting the pncA, polA and rpoC genes were found to exhibit strong growth inhibition against M. smegmatis but only at 20 μM concentration. No growth inhibition of M. smegmatis was seen in pure culture when treated with PNAs targeting gyrA and a mismatch PNA targeting dnaG (DNA primase). All six PNAs showed killing of M. smegmatis in J774A.1 macrophage cell line that were statistically significant (p Conclusion: It may be concluded from this study that PNAs could be potential therapeutics for mycobacterial infections.
Field-based multiplex and quantitative assay platforms for diagnostics (2011)

The U.S. military has a continued interest in the development of handheld, field-usable sensors and test kits for a variety of diagnostic applications, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and infectious diseases. Field-use presents unique challenges for biosensor design, both for the readout unit and for the biological assay platform. We have developed robust biosensor devices that offer ultra-high sensitivity and also meet field-use needs. The systems under development include a multiplexed quantitative lateral flow test strip for TBI diagnostics, a field test kit for the diagnosis of pathogens endemic to the Middle East, and a microfluidic assay platform with a label-free reader for performing complex biological automated assays in the field.
Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 via Coacervate (2016)

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Currently, there is no cure for osteoarthritis (OA) with treatment aimed at symptom relief and improved function. Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) have been shown to exhibit long-term proliferation, high self-renewal, and can undergo chondrogenic differentiation when cultivated in chondrogenic medium in vitro and can differentiate into chondrocytes and repair injured articular cartilage (AC) in vivo. MDSCs retrovirally transduce to express chondrogenic proteins (BMPs) to differentiate into chondrocytes and enhance cartilage repair in vivo. Gene therapy is a promising approach to promote the chondrogenic potentials of MDSCs for AC repair. We have developed a unique sustained growth factor delivery platform comprised of native heparin and a synthetic polycation incorporated with BMP2 (BMP2 coacervate) which can sustain delivery of BMPs to stimulate the chondrogenesis of MDSCs for AC repair. Methods: MDSC were stimulated in vitro with single dose of free BMP2, multi-dose BMP2, BMP2 coacervate, coacervate alone (vehicle only), or in the absence of BMP2 and coacervate (control). BMP2 effects on MDSCs were evaluated by RT-PCR. 20μl of a MIA solution was injected into the knee joint of C57B6 mice to induce osteoarthritic lesions. Two weeks after MIA injection, 20μl of PBS (PBS control), 1×106 MDSCs with 1μg of free BMP2 (MDSC-free BMP), or MDSCs with 1μg BMP2-coacervate (MDSC- BMP coacervate) were injected into the knee joints of the OA injured mice. After 4 weeks, macroscopic and histologic evaluations of cartilage regeneration were conducted. Results: mRNA expression of Aggrecan and Col2A were significantly higher in each BMP2 group compared to control or vehicle only (P &lt; 0.05). Multi-dosage free BMP2 demonstrated significantly higher Aggrecan expression compared to single dose free BMP2 (p &lt; 0.05). Col2A and aggrecan expression in the BMP coacervate group was superior to both single and mult-dose free BMP2 delivery (p &lt; 0.05) (Fig 1A). Histologic examination demonstrated superior cartilage repair and integration in the BMP2 coacervate group (Fig. 1B). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sustained growth factor delivery (BMP2) is a potential therapeutic option for muscle- derived stem cell based cartilage regeneration for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Prolonged delivery of BMP2 via coacervate led to enhanced MDSC chondrogenesis in vivo and improved cartilage regeneration in vivo. Our results demonstrate an effective method for prolonged exposure to BMP2 and is more clinically translatable.
P-Wave Rejection in a Transplanted Heart (2011)

This case illustrates an unusual presentation of sinus arrest occurring 2 years after heart transplantation that appeared to be complete heart block.
Information theoretic criteria for non-Gaussian ARMA order determination and parameter estimation (1993)

The problem of determining the orders and parameters of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes with an unknown but non-Gaussian probability density function is addressed. Asymptotically optimal, information theoretic criteria are developed based on higher-order statistics of the observed processes. The proposed algorithms rely upon sample cumulants, or polyspectra, and allow non-minimum phase and non-causal models unlike the conventional second-order correlation based methods. Unlike the linear rank-based cumulant methods, the nonlinear information theoretic type methods do not require subjective thresholding and yield strongly consistent estimators for the ARMA orders as well as the parameters. Simulation examples illustrate the feasibility of the theory.< <ETX>&gt;</ETX>
Solvent effect on the anomeric equilibrium in D-glucose: a free energy simulation analysis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent effect on the anomeric equilibrium in D-glucose: a free energy simulation analysisSookhee Ha, Jiali Gao, Bruce Tidor, John W. Brady, and Martin KarplusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5, 1553–1557Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00005a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00005a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1314Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New modal wave-front sensor: application to adaptive confocal fluorescence microscopy and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (2002)

Confocal and multiphoton microscopes are particularly sensitive to specimen- or system-induced aberrations, which result in decreased resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. The inclusion of an adaptive optics correction system could help overcome this limitation and restore diffraction-limited performance, but such a system requires a suitable method of wave-front measurement. By extending the concept of a modal wave-front sensor previously described by Neil et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17, 1098-1107 (2000)], we present a new sensor capable of measuring directly the Zernike aberration modes introduced by a specimen. This modal sensor is particularly suited to applications in three-dimensional microscopy because of its inherent axial selectivity; only those wave fronts originating in the focal region contribute to the measured signal. Four wave-front sensor configurations are presented and their input response is characterized. Sensitivity matrices and axial responses are presented.
Transfection methods for high-throughput cellular assays of voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels involved in pain (2021)

Chemical transfection is broadly used to transiently transfect mammalian cells, although often associated with cellular stress and membrane instability, which imposes challenges for most cellular assays, including high-throughput (HT) assays. In the current study, we compared the effectiveness of calcium phosphate, FuGENE and Lipofectamine 3000 to transiently express two key voltage-gated ion channels critical in pain pathways, CaV2.2 and NaV1.7. The expression and function of these channels were validated using two HT platforms, the Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader FLIPRTetra and the automated patch clamp QPatch 16X. We found that all transfection methods tested demonstrated similar effectiveness when applied to FLIPRTetra assays. Lipofectamine 3000-mediated transfection produced the largest peak currents for automated patch clamp QPatch assays. However, the FuGENE-mediated transfection was the most effective for QPatch assays as indicated by the superior number of cells displaying GΩ seal formation in whole-cell patch clamp configuration, medium to large peak currents, and higher rates of accomplished assays for both CaV2.2 and NaV1.7 channels. Our findings can facilitate the development of HT automated patch clamp assays for the discovery and characterization of novel analgesics and modulators of pain pathways, as well as assisting studies examining the pharmacology of mutated channels.
Electro-osmosis in nematic liquid crystals (2016)

We derive a mathematical model of a nematic electrolyte based on a variational formulation of nematodynamics. We verify the model by comparing its predictions to the results of the experiments on the substrate-controlled liquid-crystal-enabled electrokinetics. In the experiments, a nematic liquid crystal confined to a thin planar cell with surface-patterned anchoring conditions exhibits electro-osmotic flows along the "guiding rails" imposed by the spatially varying director. Extending our previous work, we consider a general setup which incorporates dielectric anisotropy of the liquid-crystalline matrix and the full set of nematic viscosities.
The importance of early complementary feeding in the development of oral tolerance: Concerns and controversies (2008)

Rising rates of food allergies in early childhood reflect increasing failure of early immune tolerance mechanisms. There is mounting concern that the current recommended practice of delaying complementary foods until 6 months of age may increase, rather than decrease, the risk of immune disorders. Tolerance to food allergens appears to be driven by regular, early exposure to these proteins during a ‘critical early window’ of development. Although the timing of this window is not clear in humans, current evidence suggests that this is most likely to be between 4 and 6 months of life and that delayed exposure beyond this period may increase the risk of food allergy, coeliac disease and islet cell autoimmunity. There is also evidence that other factors such as favourable colonization and continued breastfeeding promote tolerance and have protective effects during this period when complementary feeding is initiated. This discussion paper explores the basis for concern over the current recommendation to delay complementary foods as an approach to preventing allergic disease. It will also examine the growing case for introducing complementary foods from around 4 months of age and maintaining breastfeeding during this early feeding period, for at least 6 months if possible.
Timing of Statistical Benefit of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Among Patients With Heart Failure and Post-Myocardial Infarction (2022)

International audience
Effect of Interatomic Separation and Spatial Spread of Individual Atoms in a Collective State Interferometer (2013)

We establish the precise role of interatomic distance and the irrelevance of free propagation broadening of atomic wavepacket in determining the fidelity of collective excitation in an ensemble based atom interferometer with high Compton frequency.
Application of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Screening and Diagnostic Research (2005)

During the last years, mass spectrometry has revolutionised protein biochemistry and has advanced to a superior tool for the identification and detailed analysis of peptides and proteins. The high throughput allowed by some mass spectrometry platforms has enabled the important step from analysis of individual proteins to proteomics. Recently, an additional field of mass spectrometry applications has emerged - namely screening and diagnostic research. In contrast to protein identification, screening applications have to detect analyte molecules of defined molecular weights which can be calculated beforehand, for example by means of chemical structures. Here, the accuracy and sensitivity of mass spectrometry has to be combined with the requirements of high-throughput analyses, in particular speed and automation. These criteria are especially fulfilled by state of the art matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) instruments. The first high throughput screening (HTS) application proved to be genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms. The same principle was later applied for several quality control issues, for example for oligonucleotides, peptide or compound libraries. This development has culminated in the screening and profiling of complex biomarker patterns in clinical proteomics to detect a molecular fingerprint for specific diseases in biological samples. Thus, mass spectrometry based methods are expected to enable a very early diagnosis of diseases with minimally invasive methods of investigation. This type of high end screening application has the potential to revolutionise the early diagnosis of many diseases. Here, we give an overview of the application of mass spectrometry in the fields of screening and diagnostic research.
Facility Search in Remote Sensing Data Using Geospatial Semantic Graphs. (2014)

Abstract not provided.