gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Anti‐HIV Activity of Guanine Modified Fluorinated Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Derivatives (2018)

The preparation of an unprecedented series of nucleobase modified 3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (FPMP) acyclic nucleosides in both their (R) and (S) enantiomerically pure forms is described. The synthesis focuses on a Mitsunobu alkylation reaction to construct the C-N(9) bond between a chiral fluorinated side-chain residue and 6- or 7-modified guanine analogs. Prodrugs of FPMP-7-deazaguanine were also synthesized by derivatization of the corresponding phosphonic acid functionality with (bis)diamyl aspartate amidate groups, leading to moderate activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
An LCL-Lens Array With Electrodes of Interlaced Structure in Applications of Auto-Stereoscopic (2013)

Commercial auto-stereoscopic display systems have equipped optical lenticular lens sheets in order to realize the function which is able to support two images or views to right and left eyes of viewers. In applications of auto-stereoscopic display, the method of using the lenticular lens sheet, also called time- or spatial-multiplexed method, is first proposed as a patent by Ichinose [1]. The method has more advantages, which includes high luminous performance, movable of eyes position with constant view distance and watchable of multi-viewer. Besides, it can be also easily manufactured to make it very popular. Owing to the superiority, some studies about lenticular lens sheets have been proposed. Berkel et al. [2] have proposed several researches about the method of using lenticular lens sheets on multi-view auto-stereoscopic displays, and he has also proposed that slanted lenticular lens sheets or pixels could be improved the effect of flipped image by boundaries of lens and pixel [3–5]. 2D/3D switchable display is first realized by a method of dual-lenticular lens sheets [6]. Moreover, the method of using lenticular lens sheets has been proposed to be replaced by liquid crystal, LC, lens arrays, [7–9] in order to control viewer distance based on a function of tunable focal length. For the method, some issues of LC lenses should be solved like non-smooth potential in the LC layer and to improve the lens power [10–12].
Filament-induced thermomigration of an aluminum drop at the cathode-side of high-voltage power diodes (2011)

This paper shows how a buried aluminum eutectic drop at the cathode-side of a high-voltage power diode can affect the device behavior. The aluminum drop driven by thermo-migration, moves from the contact metallization some micrometers into the chip and forms a buried eutectic. Thermomigration [1] becomes stronger as the temperature gradient increases. High temperature gradients can be achieved at the cathode side if a single filament is triggered. Simulation results show that an early surface-punch-through at a spike may reduce the reverse-recovery ruggedness of the power diode. Such a detrimental filamentation can be avoided by a well-defined fabrication process of the device.
Electronic Structure of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (1980)

Calculations of the electronic states and total energies of various bonding conformations in hydrogenated amorphous Si are presented. Various surprising results emerge, including identification of peaks in photoemission spectra as signatures of nearest-neighbor SiH configurations, a gap increasing with increasing H content while the conduction band remains essentially unchanged, and localized states in the gap arising from various defects whose energies are in sharp contrast to recently proposed simple model estimates.
Self-assembled network of nanostructures in BiFeO3 thin films (2019)

Resumen del trabajo presentado al Joint European Magnetic Symposia (JEMS), celebrado en Uppsala (Sweden) del 26 al 30 de agosto de 2019.
Photocurrent Generation from Hierarchical Zinc‐Substituted Hemoprotein Assemblies Immobilized on a Gold Electrode (2011)

Alles vernetzt: Eine proteinmodifizierte Elektrode mit hierarchischen Strukturen aus photoaktivem Cytochrom b562 , rekonstituiert mit Zink-Protoporphyrin IX, erzeugt einen deutlich stärkeren Photostrom als eine Elektrode, die nur eine einzige Schicht eines Zink-substituierten Hämproteins trägt. Die Proteinoligomere mit kovalent angeknüpften Protoporphyringruppen aggregieren über supramolekulare Häm-Häm-Wechselwirkungen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Results of combined modality treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer of the superior sulcus and the rationale for surgical resection (2009)

This schedule of induction therapy with high-dose radiation and concurrent cisplatinum was safe and highly effective in fit patients. At this time, pathologic complete response cannot be reliably recognised preoperatively, and better tools for response assessment are critical for more tailored treatment of patients with SST.
How I treat patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (2010)

Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare myeloid neoplasm characterized by uncontrolled accumulation of neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in various organs with consecutive impairment of organ function, drug resistance, and a poor prognosis. Advanced SM may present as smoldering or slowly progressing neoplasm but may also present as rapidly progressing aggressive SM or even as MC leukemia. Approximately half of the patients have an associated hematologic non-MC-lineage disease (SM-AHNMD) or develop an AHNMD over time. Drug resistance may not only result from the KIT mutant D816V that is found in most patients, but also from KIT-independent pro-oncogenic signaling pathways that play a role in disease evolution. In patients with slow progression, advanced SM can often be kept under control for months with interferon-α or 2CdA. By contrast, in rapidly progressing aggressive SM and MC leukemia, even polychemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may fail, which points to the need to develop new drugs and treatment concepts for these patients. In SM-AHNMD, separate treatment plans should be established for the SM component and the AHNMD component of the disease, with recognition that the AHNMD often has to be managed and treated as a secondary and thus a high-risk neoplasm.
Chosen‐Ciphertext Security from Identity‐Based Encryption (2006)

We propose simple and efficient CCA‐secure public‐key encryption schemes (i.e., schemes secure against adaptive chosen‐ciphertext attacks) based on any identity‐based encryption (IBE) scheme. Our constructions have ramifications of both theoretical and practical interest. First, our schemes give a new paradigm for achieving CCA‐security; this paradigm avoids “proofs of well‐formedness” that have been shown to underlie previous constructions. Second, instantiating our construction using known IBE constructions we obtain CCA‐secure encryption schemes whose performance is competitive with the most efficient CCA‐secure schemes to date. Our techniques extend naturally to give an efficient method for securing IBE schemes (even hierarchical ones) against adaptive chosen‐ciphertext attacks. Coupled with previous work, this gives the first efficient constructions of CCA‐secure IBE schemes.
New Generation of Micro Machined Silicon Gas Sensors:Nano-structured Pd-and Pt-doped Tin Dioxide Sensitive Layers for the Detection of Hazardous Gases (2004)

International audience
Extended Mappings for Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (2006)

The performance of bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) depends strongly on the applied mapping. We analyse the use of extended mapping schemes with more than one label per signal point: assuming a fix signal constellation and a constant number of information bits per symbol, the increase in label length results in an ambiguous mapping scheme but also provides additional parity bits which allow the use of a stronger channel code. We derive the optimum MAP detector and give some optimized mapping schemes for 16-QAM. Simulation results include an EXIT-chart analysis and show the considerable reduction of the asymptotic bit error probability. As a consequence of the more powerful mapping, we can obtain a very low bit error floor with extremely simple channel codes
Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity (2013)

National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (Large Scale Sequencing Program Grant U54 HG003067)
Procedure for Lung Engineering (2011)

Lung tissue, including lung cancer and chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cumulatively account for some 280,000 deaths annually; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the United States1. Contributing to this mortality is the fact that lungs do not generally repair or regenerate beyond the microscopic, cellular level. Therefore, lung tissue that is damaged by degeneration or infection, or lung tissue that is surgically resected is not functionally replaced in vivo. To explore whether lung tissue can be generated in vitro, we treated lungs from adult rats using a procedure that removes cellular components to produce an acellular lung extracellular matrix scaffold. This scaffold retains the hierarchical branching structures of airways and vasculature, as well as a largely intact basement membrane, which comprises collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin. The scaffold is mounted in a bioreactor designed to mimic critical aspects of lung physiology, such as negative pressure ventilation and pulsatile vascular perfusion. By culturing pulmonary epithelium and vascular endothelium within the bioreactor-mounted scaffold, we are able to generate lung tissue that is phenotypically comparable to native lung tissue and that is able to participate in gas exchange for short time intervals (45-120 minutes). These results are encouraging, and suggest that repopulation of lung matrix is a viable strategy for lung regeneration. This possibility presents an opportunity not only to work toward increasing the supply of lung tissue for transplantation, but also to study respiratory cell and molecular biology in vitro for longer time periods and in a more accurate microenvironment than has previously been possible.
Computer-aided liver surgery planning: an augmented reality approach (2003)

Surgical resection of liver tumors requires a detailed three-dimensional understanding of a complex arrangement of vasculature, liver segments and tumors inside the liver. In most cases, surgeons need to develop this understanding by looking at sequences of axial images from modalities like X-ray computed tomography. A system for liver surgery planning is reported that enables physicians to visualize and refine segmented input liver data sets, as well as to simulate and evaluate different resections plans. The system supports surgeons in finding the optimal treatment strategy for each patient and eases the data preparation process. The use of augmented reality contributes to a user-friendly design and simplifies complex interaction with 3D objects. The main function blocks developed so far are: basic augmented reality environment, user interface, rendering, surface reconstruction from segmented volume data sets, surface manipulation and quantitative measurement toolkit. The flexible design allows to add functionality via plug-ins. First practical evaluation steps have shown a good acceptance. Evaluation of the system is ongoing and future feedback from surgeons will be collected and used for design refinements.
Exploring Sequence-to-Sequence Transformer-Transducer Models for Keyword Spotting (2023)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to adapt a sequence-to-sequence Transformer-Transducer ASR system to the keyword spotting (KWS) task. We achieve this by replacing the keyword in the text transcription with a special token <kw> and training the system to detect the <kw> token in an audio stream. At inference time, we create a decision function inspired by conventional KWS approaches, to make our approach more suitable for the KWS task. Furthermore, we introduce a specific keyword spotting loss by adapting the sequence-discriminative Minimum Bayes-Risk training technique. We find that our approach significantly outperforms ASR based KWS systems. When compared with a conventional keyword spotting system, our proposal has similar performance while bringing the advantages and flexibility of sequence-to-sequence training. Additionally, when combined with the conventional KWS system, our approach can improve the performance at any operation point.
Insulin modulates glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion from enteroendocrine K cells in rats (2011)

Effects of insulin excess and deficiency on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was examined in rats following insulinoma transplantation or streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Over 14 days, food intake was increased (p < 0.001) in both groups of rats, with decreased body weight (p < 0.01) in STZ rats. Non-fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased (p < 0.01) and plasma insulin levels increased (p < 0.001) in insulinoma-bearing rats, whereas STZ treatment elevated glucose (p < 0.001) and decreased insulin (p < 0.01). Circulating GIP concentrations were elevated (p < 0.01) in both animal models. At 14 days, oral glucose resulted in a decreased glycaemic excursion (p < 0.05) with concomitant elevations in insulin release (p < 0.001) in insulinoma-bearing rats, whereas STZ-treated rats displayed similar glucose-lowering effects but reduced insulin levels (p < 0.01). GIP concentrations were augmented in STZ rats (p < 0.05) following oral glucose. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by oral fat, but fat-induced GIP secretion was particularly (p < 0.05) increased in insulinoma-bearing rats. Exogenous GIP enhanced (p < 0.05) glucose-lowering in all groups of rats accompanied by insulin releasing (p < 0.001) effects in insulinoma-bearing and control rats. Both rat models exhibited increased (p < 0.001) intestinal weight but decreased intestinal GIP concentrations. These data suggest that circulating insulin has direct and indirect effects on the synthesis and secretion of GIP.
Regorafenib Regulates AD Pathology, Neuroinflammation, and Dendritic Spinogenesis in Cells and a Mouse Model of AD (2020)

The oral multi-target kinase inhibitor regorafenib, which targets the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is an effective therapeutic for patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors or metastatic colorectal cancer. However, whether regorafenib treatment has beneficial effects on neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology has not been carefully addressed. Here, we report the regulatory function of regorafenib in neuroinflammatory responses and AD-related pathology in vitro and in vivo. Regorafenib affected AKT signaling to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglial cells and primary cultured microglia and astrocytes. In addition, regorafenib suppressed LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in LPS-injected wild-type mice. In 5x FAD mice (a mouse model of AD), regorafenib ameliorated AD pathology, as evidenced by increased dendritic spine density and decreased Aβ plaque levels, by modulating APP processing and APP processing-associated proteins. Furthermore, regorafenib-injected 5x FAD mice displayed significantly reduced tau phosphorylation at T212 and S214 (AT100) due to the downregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) activity. Taken together, our results indicate that regorafenib has beneficial effects on neuroinflammation, AD pathology, and dendritic spine formation in vitro and in vivo.
Oxygen Vacancy Creation, Drift, and Aggregation in TiO2‐Based Resistive Switches at Low Temperature and Voltage (2015)

Transmission electron microscopy with in situ biasing has been performed on TiN/single‐crystal rutile TiO 2 /Pt resistive switching structures. Three elementary processes essential for switching: i) creation of oxygen vacancies by electrochemical reactions at low temperatures (&lt;150 °C), ii) their drift in the electric field, and iii) their coalescence into planar faults (and dissociation from them) have been documented. The faults have a form of vacancy discs in {110} and {121} planes, are bound by partial dislocation loops, and are identical to Wadsley defects observed in nonstoichiometric TiO 2 annealed at high temperatures. The faults can be regarded as a precursor to the formation of oxygen‐deficient Magnéli phases, but 3D secondary phase inclusions have not been detected. Together, the observations shed light on the behavior of oxygen vacancies in relatively low electric fields and temperatures, suggesting that, in addition to the rather accepted notion of oxygen vacancy motion during the writing processes in resistive switching devices, such motion may occur even during reading, and may be accompanied by significant oxygen vacancy creation at modest device excitation levels.
Discovery and optimization of anthranilic acid sulfonamides as inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidase-2 (2005)

2531 Methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2), an intracellular enzyme responsible for the removal of the N-terminal initiator methionine from nascent proteins, has been suggested as a novel target for cancer therapy. As part of an effort to discover orally active reversible inhibitors of MetAP2, a series of anthranilic acid sulfonamides with micromolar affinities for human MetAP2 was identified by ASMS screening. These micromolar hits, typified by A-193400 (MetAP2 IC 50 = 13 μM) and A-444148 (MetAP2 IC 50 = 1.3 μM) were rapidly improved to nanomolar leads based on insights from protein crystallography. Compounds with good enzyme inhibitory activity and promising oral bioavailability in mice such as A-751277 (MetAP2 IC 50 = 0.010 μM, F = 93%) were obtained; however the compounds displayed extensive binding to HSA and had limited activity in cellular assays (EC 50 = 0.40 μM for HMVEC proliferation, EC 50 = 2.1 μM for HT-1080 proliferation). Modifications based on structural information on the binding of lead compounds to domain 3 of albumin allowed the identification of compounds with significant improvements in both parameters such as A-832234 (MetAP2 IC 50 = 0.011 μM, HMVEC EC 50 = 0.007 μM, HT-1080 EC 50 = 0.006 μM) and A-847519 (MetAP2 IC 50 = 0.017 μM, HT-1080 EC 50 = 0.036 μM) which show good cellular activity in both proliferation and methionine processing assays.
Current Security Issues Faced by Health Care Establishments and Resulting Requirements for a Secure Health Information System Architecture (2001)

As all the other contributions of this volume, the following chapter is based on earlier work like the SEISMED project results concerning comprehensive guidelines elaborated on security in Health Care Establishments&amp;apos; (HCE) information infrastructures. Dealing with current security issues in the healthcare domain, it consists of two parts.
A transgenic approach for controlling Lygus in cotton (2016)

Lygus species of plant-feeding insects have emerged as economically important pests of cotton in the United States. These species are not controlled by commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton varieties resulting in economic losses and increased application of insecticide. Previously, a Bt crystal protein (Cry51Aa2) was reported with insecticidal activity against Lygus spp. However, transgenic cotton plants expressing this protein did not exhibit effective protection from Lygus feeding damage. Here we employ various optimization strategies, informed in part by protein crystallography and modelling, to identify limited amino-acid substitutions in Cry51Aa2 that increase insecticidal activity towards Lygus spp. by >200-fold. Transgenic cotton expressing the variant protein, Cry51Aa2.834_16, reduce populations of Lygus spp. up to 30-fold in whole-plant caged field trials. One transgenic event, designated MON88702, has been selected for further development of cotton varieties that could potentially reduce or eliminate insecticide application for control of Lygus and the associated environmental impacts.
Structural Characterization of (C5H5)Co(PPh3)(η2-alkyne) and (C5H5)Co(η2-alkyne) Complexes of Highly Polarized Alkynes (2013)

The solid state structures of the cobalt–alkyne complexes (η5-C5H5)(PPh3)Co{η2-(R3Si)C≡C(SO2Ar)} (3-TMS, R = Me, Ar = C6H5; 3-TIPS, R = CH(CH3)2, Ar = p-C6H4CH3) and the noncoordinated alkyne (Me3Si)C≡C(SO2Ph) (6-TMS) have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and, in the case of 3-TMS, 6-TMS, and (η5-C5H5)Co{η2-(Me3Si)C≡C(SO2Ph)} (5-TMS-calc), by B97D/Def2-TZVPP computational analysis. The phosphine-dissociated complex 5-TMS-calc is determined to be a ground state singlet. Analysis of bond angle and distance metrics, calculated NMR chemical shift data, and molecular orbital analysis provide strong evidence for a four-electron-donor alkyne ligand in 5-TMS-calc. The degree of asymmetry in metal–alkyne bonding, as defined by the Gladysz alkyne-slippage parameter, is dramatically reduced in 5-TMS-calc relative to that in the precursor complex 3-TMS-calc.
Injection Spurs due to Reference Frequency Retiming by a Channel Dependent Clock at the ADPLL RF Output and its Mitigation (2007)

This paper describes the mechanism of retimed reference frequency clock (CKR)-induced spurs at the ADPLL radio frequency (RF) output. These spurs appear not only at the average CKR or reference frequency (FREF) and its harmonics, called the reference spurs, but also at the inter-modulation locations related to the amount of inherent jitter in the retimed clock, termed as side spurs. The amplitude of these side spurs, which appear centered on the FREF frequency and its harmonics can be greatly reduced by decreasing the amount of inherited jitter in the generated CKR clock. This paper explains the relationship between the various retiming choices and the location of these side-spurs. Further, specific to a GSM transmitter realized in 90 nm CMOS; a performance analysis of using the channel dependent variable clock frequency (CKV) for retiming without any frequency division is presented.