gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor Binding and Gonadotropin-Releasing Activity of a Novel Chicken Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ([His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH) and a D-Arg6Analog* (1986)

Receptor binding and gonadotropin-releasing activity was compared for mammalian GnRH, [Gln8]GnRH (chicken I GnRH), [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH (chicken II GnRH), [Trp7, Leu8]GnRH (salmon GnRH), and [D-Arg6] chicken II GnRH. The mean ED50 values for mammalian GnRH, chicken I GnRH, chicken II GnRH, and salmon GnRH in stimulating LH release from dispersed chicken pituitary cells were 0.27 nM, 0.28 nM, 0.055 nM, and 0.11 nM, respectively. The relative potencies of the peptides compared in the same assay were 0.93, 1.0, 5.6, and 2.5. The ED50 values for chicken I GnRH, chicken II GnRH, and salmon GnRH in stimulating FSH release were 0.37 nM, 0.034 nM, and 0.18 nM, and the relative potencies were 1.0, 13.5, and 1.8. Chicken II GnRH was, therefore, more potent than chicken I GnRH and mammalian GnRH in releasing LH and appeared to have an even greater relative FSH-releasing activity than chicken I GnRH or mammalian GnRH. Introduction of D-Arg6 into chicken II GnRH enhanced the activity of this analog 4- and 2-fold relative to chicken II GnRH in LH- and FSH-releasing activity, respectively. The ED50 values of mammalian GnRH, chicken I GnRH, chicken II GnRH, and salmon GnRH in releasing LH from cultured sheep pituitary cells were 2.9 nM, 96 nM, 22 nM, and 104 nM, respectively. The relative potencies were 1.0, 0.016, 0.084, and 0.047. Introduction of D-Arg6 into chicken II GnRH enhanced activity 9-fold. In a rat pituitary receptor binding assay the ED50 values of mammalian GnRH, chicken I GnRH, chicken II GnRH, and salmon GnRH were 2.9 nM, 1480 nM, 19 nM, and 258 nM, respectively. [D-Arg6]Chicken II GnRH was 46 times more active than the natural chicken II GnRH peptide. The results show: 1) chicken II GnRH is more potent than chicken I GnRH, which is equipotent with mammalian GnRH in releasing LH from chicken pituitary cells. Chicken II GnRH is even more potent at releasing FSH. 2) Salmon GnRH is also more potent than chicken I GnRH and mammalian GnRH in stimulating gonadotropin release from chicken pituitary cells. It appears, therefore, that Trp in the 7 position contributes to the enhanced activity of salmon and chicken II GnRH. 3) The low activity of chicken I GnRH, chicken II GnRH, and salmon GnRH in the sheep pituitary cell bioassay and rat pituitary receptor binding assay confirms that Arg8 in mammalian GnRH is important for activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Asthma innovations from the first International Collaborative Asthma Network forum (2023)

Through ICAN, teams that included interdisciplinary early-stage career investigators discussed innovation, collaboration and translation in asthma and severe asthma research. With a combination of fresh ideas and energetic, collaborative, global participation, ICAN has laid a firm foundation and model for future collaborative global asthma research.
Robust 4-channel WDM demultiplexing filter based on collectively tuned silicon microrings (2012)

We demonstrate a robust 4-channel WDM demultiplexing filter based on cascaded silicon microring resonators. A comparison is made between first- and second-order filters regarding the robustness of the filter response to wafer-scale fabrication variations.
Observations on the effect of chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody in patients with mycosis fungoides (1991)

Abstract Chimeric (murine/human) anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody was infused into seven patients with mycosis fungoides. Successive patients received doses of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg of antibody twice a week for 3 consecutive weeks. All patients had some clinical improvement, but responses were of relatively short duration. Serum levels of chimeric antibody varied as a function of dose. At the 80-mg dose level, antibody was readily observed in biopsied skin lesions. Although there was coating by antibody of most CD4 positive cells in the blood, there was no significant depletion of CD4 positive cells. Low-level antibody responses against the mouse Ig variable region and human Ig allotypic constant region determinants were observed in several patients, but none were of clinical significance. All but two patients made primary antibody and T-cell proliferative responses to a simultaneously administered foreign protein test antigen. However, there was marked suppression of the mixed lymphocyte reaction. We conclude that at the dose levels studied, a chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (1) had some clinical efficacy against mycosis fungoides; (2) was well tolerated; (3) had a low level of immunogenicity; (4) had immediate immunosuppressive effects; and (5) did not induce tolerance to a co- injected antigen.
Complex conjugate resolved retinal SDOCT using integrating buckets (2007)

The complex conjugate artifact intrinsic to spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) complicates retinal image acquisition in patients with poor fixation or head control, imaging of vitreal and choroidal structures, and imaging of extended retinal pathologies. We demonstrate high speed complex conjugate artifact-resolved imaging of human retina using simple and inexpensive sinusoidal reference mirror modulation in combination with 4-step integrating-bucket acquisition and a quadrature projection reconstruction algorithm. The method uses a sinusoidal PZT driving signal to modulate the reference delay continuously during <i>N</i> integration buckets per modulation. The spectral interferometric signal measured by the CCD is phase shifted as a function of the amplitude and phase offset of the driving signal. We show that the amplitude and phase can be optimized for DC and complex conjugate artifact removal and minimal fringe washout. This method is illustrated experimentally using a four bucket phase modulating signal and quadrature projection algorithm for complex conjugate suppression. DC suppression of 53dB and complex conjugate suppression of 30dB is demonstrated for sets of four Ascans, each acquired at 17kHz. Densely sampled (3000 A-scans/image, acquired at 1.46 images/sec) in vivo complex conjugate artifact-resolved images of fovea and optic nerve-head acquired show complex conjugate artifact suppression for most image reflections to the noise floor.
Membrane Permeability of Fatty Acyl Compounds Studied via Molecular Simulation (2017)

Interest in fatty acid-derived products as fuel and chemical precursors has grown substantially. Microbes can be genetically engineered to produce fatty acid-derived products that are able to cross host membranes and can be extracted into an applied organic overlay. This process is thought to be passive, with a rate dependent on the chemistry of the crossing compound. The relationship between the chemical composition and the energetics and kinetics of product accumulation within the overlay is not well understood. Through biased and unbiased molecular simulation, we compute the membrane permeability coefficients from production to extraction for different fatty acyl products, including fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes, alkanes, and alkenes. These simulations identify specific interactions that accelerate the transit of aldehydes across the membrane bilayer relative to other oxidized products, specifically the lack of hydrogen bonds to the surrounding membrane environment. However, since extraction from the outer membrane leaflet into the organic phase is found to be rate limiting for the entire process, we find that fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes would both manifest similar fluxes into a dodecane overlay under equivalent conditions, outpacing the accumulation of acids or alkanes into the organic phase. Since aldehydes are known to be highly reactive as well as toxic in high quantities, the findings suggest that indeed fatty alcohols are the optimal long-tail fatty acyl product for extraction.
Introducing a 384x288 pixel terahertz camera core (2013)

Terahertz is a field in expansion with the emergence of various security needs such as parcel inspection and through-camouflage vision. Terahertz wavebands are characterized by long wavelengths compared to the traditional infrared and visible spectra. However, it has recently been demonstrated that a 52 &mu;m pixel pitch microscanned down to an efficient sampling pitch of 26 &mu;m could provide useful information even using a 118.83 &mu;m wavelength. With this in mind, INO has developed a terahertz camera core based on a 384x288 pixel 35 &mu;m pixel pitch uncooled bolometric terahertz detector. The camera core provides full 16-bit output video rate.
Effects of tissue conductivity variations on the cardiac magnetic fields simulated with a realistic heart - torso model (1996)

Cardiac magnetic fields with varying tissue conductivities are simulated. A high-resolution finite-element torso model composed of 19 tissue types and with a voxel resolution of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 3 mm is used. It has a detailed description of tissue geometries and therefore is well suited for analysing the effects of tissue conductivities on the cardiac magnetic fields. The computed results show the greatest sensitivity of the magnetic fields to the changes in the conductivity of blood and myocardium, and less significant sensitivity to the conductivity of the lungs, muscle, fat and other tissues. These results are relevant to future modelling of magnetocardiograms and solving the inverse problem. They also emphasize the importance of careful modelling of the blood and heart regions, and suggest that less attention needs to be directed to bone or fat tissue.
FACE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION USING MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFIERS ON GABOR GRAPHS (2009)

We present an integrated face recognition system that combines a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator with Gabor graphs for face detection under varying scale and in-plane rotation and matching as well as a Bayesian intrapersonal/extrapersonal classifier (BIC) on graph similarities for face recognition. We have tested a variety of similarity functions and achieved verification rates (at FAR 0.1%) of 90.5% on expression-variation and 95.8% on size-varying frontal images within the CAS-PEAL database. Performing Experiment 1 of FRGC ver2.0, the method achieved a verification rate of 72%.
High-Contrast PET Imaging of Vasopressin V1B Receptors with a Novel Radioligand, 11C-TASP699 (2017)

Vasopressin 1B receptors (V<sub>1B</sub>Rs) are abundantly expressed in the pituitary, and in vivo PET of V<sub>1B</sub>Rs was recently enabled by our development of a specific radioligand, <sup>11</sup>C-TASP0434299, derivatized from pyridopyrimidin-4-one. Here, we identified a novel pyridopyrimidin-4-one analog, <i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-butyl-2-[2-(6-<sup>11</sup>C-methoxypyridine-2-yl)-6-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-4-oxopyrido[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-3(4<i>H</i>)-yl]acetamide (<sup>11</sup>C-TASP0410699, hereafter referred to as <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699), as a potent V<sub>1B</sub>R radioligand producing a higher image contrast for the target than <sup>11</sup>C-TASP0434299. <b>Methods:</b> In vitro properties of TASP699 were assessed by assaying its affinity for human V<sub>1B</sub>R and its selectivity for off-target molecules. Radioactive uptake in the pituitary was analyzed using PET in rhesus monkeys after intravenous administration of <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699. Serial doses of a selective V<sub>1B</sub>R antagonist, 2-[2-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-4-oxopyrido[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-3(4<i>H</i>)-yl]-<i>N</i>-isopropylacetamide hydrochloride (TASP0390325), were administered before the radioligand injection. Autoradiographic labeling of monkey pituitary slices with <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699 was conducted with or without nonradioactive V<sub>1B</sub>R antagonists. <b>Results:</b> The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of TASP699 for human V<sub>1B</sub>Rs (0.165 nM) was lower than that of TASP0434299 (0.526 nM), whereas its IC<sub>50</sub> values for off-target molecules exceeded 1 μM. PET imaging in monkeys demonstrated that the peak pituitary uptake of <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699 was almost equivalent to that of <sup>11</sup>C-TASP0434299 and that pretreatment with TASP0390325 inhibited the retention of <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699 in a dose-dependent manner, inducing nearly full occupancy at 0.3 mg/kg. Specific radioligand binding was determined as a specific-to-nondisplaceable uptake ratio at equilibrium using radioactivity retentions at 60 min in baseline and blocking studies. This ratio for <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699 was approximately 2.5-fold greater than that of <sup>11</sup>C-TASP0434299. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography study identified the parent and polar radiometabolites. Affinities of 2 predicted metabolite candidates for V<sub>1B</sub>Rs were more than 10 times weaker than that of the parent. Intense autoradiographic labeling of the anterior pituitary with <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699 was inhibited with TASP0390325 in a concentration-dependent manner. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>11</sup>C-TASP699 yielded PET images of pituitary V<sub>1B</sub>Rs with a higher contrast than <sup>11</sup>C-TASP0434299, supporting the applicability of <sup>11</sup>C-TASP699 in the assessment of neuropsychiatric diseases and dose findings for test drugs in clinical trials.
Genetic risk factors for obesity (MAF MC4R and FTO-polymorphisms) in a large cohort of German VLBW infants (2010)

Aims: Variants in MAF, MC4R and FTO have repeatedly been associated with obesity and partly with Type II diabetes. Small for gestational age infants have an increased risk to become obese and to develop a metabolic syndrome. We hypothesised that these variants could be associated with lower birth weight and with neonatal catch-up-growth thereby causing the association with obesity and Type II diabetes in adults. We tested these variants for association with preterm birth as well as birth weight and weight gain in German very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study to investigate the influence of genetic variants involved in gestational age, premature birth and outcomes of VLBW infants in 15 NICUs in Germany from September 2003 until January 2008. DNA samples were extracted from buccal swabs according to standard protocols. The SNP variants rs17782313 MC4R T=&gt;C, rs1424233 MAF T=&gt;C and rs9939609 FTO T=&gt;A were genotyped using an allelic discrimination assay. Results: Genomic DNA of 2043 VLBW infants and 308 term born controls was available for genotyping. The polymorphisms were in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. 468 vlbw infants (23%) were small for gestational age (&lt;10. percentile). The polymorphisms were not associated with birth weight below the 10. percentile, preterm-birth, or postnatal weight gain. Discussion: In this large cohort of German VLBW infants polymorphisms in MAF, MC4R and FTO were not associated with birth weight, preterm-birth, and weight gain. We did not find a genetic cause for the higher incidence of metabolic syndrome in small for gestational age infants. Since we were also not able to find an association of these polymorphisms with weight gain in neonates, it may be hypothesized, that this polymorphism only affects food intake behaviour and hunger, rather than metabolism and energy consumption. The role of gene-environment interactions might overshadow the actual effect of the polymorphisms in our population even though it was conducted in the very controlled environment of intensive care units.
Caspase-8 scaffolding function and MLKL regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation downstream of TLR3 (2015)

TLR2 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation via an early MyD88-IRAK1-dependent pathway that provides a priming signal (signal 1) necessary for activation of the inflammasome by a second potassium-depleting signal (signal 2). Here we show that TLR3 binding to dsRNA promotes post-translational inflammasome activation through intermediate and late TRIF/RIPK1/FADD-dependent pathways. Both pathways require the scaffolding but not the catalytic function of caspase-8 or RIPK1. Only the late pathway requires kinase competent RIPK3 and MLKL function. Mechanistically, FADD/caspase-8 scaffolding function provides a post-translational signal 1 in the intermediate pathway, whereas in the late pathway it helps the oligomerization of RIPK3, which together with MLKL provides both signal 1 and 2 for inflammasome assembly. Cytoplasmic dsRNA activates NLRP3 independent of TRIF, RIPK1, RIPK3 or mitochondrial DRP1, but requires FADD/caspase-8 in wildtype macrophages to remove RIPK3 inhibition. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of pathways that lead to NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to dsRNA.
Abstract 495: A Novel Test for Low Salt Sensitivity: Angiotensin type-II Receptor Recruitment After Dopamine-1 Receptor Stimulation in Urine-Derived Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (2012)

Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure is an inappropriate increase in blood pressure following high salt intake. Subjects in our clinical study were typed according to their salt-sensitivity status into 3 categories: High-Salt-Sensitive (HSS; ≥ 7 mmHg increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) on a high salt diet of 300 mEq of sodium, 17% prevalence), Low-Salt-Sensitive (LSS:, who paradoxically showed a ≥ 7 mmHg increase in MAP on a low salt diet of 10 mEq of sodium, 11% prevalence), and Salt-Resistant (SR, individuals who showed no significant increase in blood pressure on either diet, 72% prevalence). We previously demonstrated that LSS subjects show increased recruitment of the natriuretic dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) to the plasma membrane following a salt stimulation as compared to HSS subjects. Stimulation of the D1R in RPTC with fenoldopam (dopaminergic agonist) results in recruitment of the natriuretic angiotensin type-2 receptor (AT2R) to the cell surface. We hypothesized that LSS individuals may also demonstrate an enhanced AT2R RPTC membrane recruitment compared to HSS individuals when challenged with fenoldopam. In order to gain access to fresh RPTC from each subject, we isolated exfoliated RPTC from randomly voided urine from SR, LSS, and HSS subjects from our clinical study. We measured three subjects from each category with a minimum of three voids for each subject. We counted individual cells as independent events using both the confocal microscope (n=245) and the flow cytometer (n=5344). We found an inverse correlation between AT2R recruitment and the degree of salt-sensitivity of blood pressure. Fenoldopam stimulated AT2R recruitment as measured by confocal microscopy (y = -0.0047x + 0.4966, R2 = 0.2488, P&lt;0.0001) and flow cytometry (y =-0.057x + 1.5645, R2=0.2912, P=0.0185). Flow cytometry provided a more sensitive diagnostic for LSS than HSS subjects. AT2R recruitment was more predictive of LSS than HSS. AT2R recruitment may be used as a rapid method to test for LSS individuals who need to be identified and encouraged to increase their sodium intake in order to avoid paradoxical hypertension.
Deletion of thioredoxin-interacting protein in mice impairs mitochondrial function but protects the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury (2011)

Classic therapeutics for ischemic heart disease are less effective in individuals with the metabolic syndrome. As the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing, better understanding of cardiac metabolism is needed to identify potential new targets for therapeutic intervention. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is a regulator of metabolism and an inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxins, but little is known about its roles in the myocardium. We examined hearts from Txnip-KO mice by polony multiplex analysis of gene expression and an independent proteomic approach; both methods indicated suppression of genes and proteins participating in mitochondrial metabolism. Consistently, Txnip-KO mitochondria were functionally and structurally altered, showing reduced oxygen consumption and ultrastructural derangements. Given the central role that mitochondria play during hypoxia, we hypothesized that Txnip deletion would enhance ischemia-reperfusion damage. Surprisingly, Txnip-KO hearts had greater recovery of cardiac function after an ischemia-reperfusion insult. Similarly, cardiomyocyte-specific Txnip deletion reduced infarct size after reversible coronary ligation. Coordinated with reduced mitochondrial function, deletion of Txnip enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. Whereas mitochondrial ATP synthesis was minimally decreased by Txnip deletion, cellular ATP content and lactate formation were higher in Txnip-KO hearts after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pharmacologic inhibition of glycolytic metabolism completely abolished the protection afforded the heart by Txnip deficiency under hypoxic conditions. Thus, although Txnip deletion suppresses mitochondrial function, protection from myocardial ischemia is enhanced as a result of a coordinated shift to enhanced anaerobic metabolism, which provides an energy source outside of mitochondria.
Stripping Voltammetry of Nickel‐Iron Films Electrodeposited on Platinum Using a Rotating Ring‐Disk Electrode (1988)

Demonstration des possibilites d'application de la voltammetrie de redissolution avec une electrode disque-anneau tournant a l'etude du depot electrolytique d'alliages Ni-Fe
Practical aspects of prestack depth migration with finite differences (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997Practical aspects of prestack depth migration with finite differencesAuthors: Curtis C. OberRon A. OldfieldDavid E. WombleLouis A. RomeroCharles C. BurchCurtis C. OberSandia National Laboratories, Ron A. OldfieldSandia National Laboratories, David E. WombleSandia National Laboratories, Louis A. RomeroSandia National Laboratories, and Charles C. BurchConoco Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885772 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885772FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Curtis C. Ober, Ron A. Oldfield, David E. Womble, Louis A. Romero, and Charles C. Burch, (1997), "Practical aspects of prestack depth migration with finite differences," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1758-1761. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885772 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...