gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Layered Silicates on the Phase-Separated Morphology of PS−PVME Blends (2003)

The influence of the disk diameter of nanometer thick anisotropic layered silicates on the phase-separated morphology of a near-critical polystyrene (PS)−poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blend was examined using atomic force microscopy. Films with comparable amounts of thermodynamically equivalent nanoparticles varying only in lateral disk diameters were examined using a temperature gradient method and showed dramatic differences in late-stage morphology. The blends with small disk diameter (30 nm and 0.5 μm) nanoparticles exhibit a pinning of domain sizes and demonstrate an increase in the number of domains with a higher fraction of near circular structures. On the other hand, for layered silicates with large disk diameters (10 μm), the nanoparticles do not affect the morphology of the phase-separated structure and only accelerate the phase separation kinetics. The extent of domain pinning increases with increasing silicate content and results in smaller domains at higher concentrations of silicate.
Necessary Modifications on Conventional IEEE802.15.3b MAC to Achieve IEEE802.15.3c Millimeter Wave WPAN (2007)

To achieve ultra high speed (several gigabits/s) transmission over 60 GHz system efficiently, this paper proposes Automatic Device Discover (ADD) and frame aggregation. The computer simulation results show good feasibility of handling directional antenna for ultra high speed transmission and highly efficient transmission up to 87 percent over 4.094 Gbps PHY-SAP with 8PSK modulation.
Digital microwave receiver technology (2002)

This paper reports the impact of digital signal processing on microwave receiver technology. The majority of modern receiver designs are based on digital technology. Wide-and narrow-band receivers are presented. The wide-band receivers cover approximately 1-GHz instantaneous bandwidth and are used to intercept radar pulses. Current narrow-band receivers cover up to 50-MHz instantaneous bandwidth and are primarily used for receiving communication signals. Two approaches for wide-band receiver design are discussed. One is the conventional digital receiver. The other one is called the monobit receiver, which has slightly inferior performance in some respects, but can be built on a single chip. Narrow-band receivers are best implemented in software because they can more adapt to changes. Two types of receivers are discussed. One is the software Global Positioning System receiver. The other one is called a transform-domain communication system. The object of this system is to avoid interference in a hostile communication environment.
Role of Fibronectin in the Prevention of Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Buccal Cells (1981)

Recent evidence suggests that colonization of the upper respiratory tract by gram-negative bacilli is mediated by adherence to regional epithelial cells. Buccal epithelial cells were obtained for study from 12 seriously ill patients, all of whom were colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparison to cells from uncolonized controls, cells obtained from these patients attached significantly more P. aeruginosa organisms during incubation in vitro. Although the sialic acid content of colonized patients' cells was less than that of controls' cells, removal of sialic acid from normal cells with neuraminidase did not increase bacillary adherence. Trypsinization of normal cells increased bacillary adherence and significantly reduced the amount of fibronectin on the cell surface. Both trypsinized normal cells and cells recovered from seriously ill colonized patients attached large numbers of P. aeruginosa organisms in vitro and demonstrated decreased fibronectin on the cell surface by immunofluorescent staining. These findings suggest that the host alteration associated with increased susceptibility to adherence by P. aeruginosa is the loss of fibronectin from the cell surface.
Word-As-Image for Semantic Typography (2023)

A word-as-image is a semantic typography technique where a word illustration presents a visualization of the meaning of the word, while also preserving its readability. We present a method to create word-as-image illustrations automatically. This task is highly challenging as it requires semantic understanding of the word and a creative idea of where and how to depict these semantics in a visually pleasing and legible manner. We rely on the remarkable ability of recent large pretrained language-vision models to distill textual concepts visually. We target simple, concise, black-and-white designs that convey the semantics clearly. We deliberately do not change the color or texture of the letters and do not use embellishments. Our method optimizes the outline of each letter to convey the desired concept, guided by a pretrained Stable Diffusion model. We incorporate additional loss terms to ensure the legibility of the text and the preservation of the style of the font. We show high quality and engaging results on numerous examples and compare to alternative techniques.
Printing biohybrid materials for bioelectronic cardio-3D-cellular constructs (2022)

Conductive hydrogels are emerging as promising materials for bioelectronic applications as they minimize the mismatch between biological and electronic systems. We propose a strategy to bioprint biohybrid conductive bioinks based on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. These inks contained conductive features and morphology of the dECM fibers. Electrical stimulation (ES) was applied to bioprinted structures containing human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). It was observed that in the absence of external ES, the conductive properties of the materials can improve the contractile behavior of the hPSC-CMs, and this effect is enhanced under the application of external ES. Genetic markers indicated a trend toward a more mature state of the cells with upregulated calcium handling proteins and downregulation of calcium channels involved in the generation of pacemaking currents. These results demonstrate the potential of our strategy to manufacture conductive hydrogels in complex geometries for actuating purposes.
Front Matter: Volume 8774 (2013)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 8690, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Gas-diffusion type oxygen cathode loaded with large surface area perovskite-type oxide. (1988)

LaMnO3 with a large surface area (45 m2/g) prepared by an amorphous citrate complex precursor (ACP) method was found to be much more active for the direct four-electron reduction of oxygen than a conventional LaMnO3 sample (4.6 m2/g) prepared by the acetate decomposition (AD) method (Figs.1 and 2, Table 1). This high activity was effectively utilized for fabricating a high performance oxygen cathode. It was revealed that a gasdiffusion type PTFE-bonded carbon electrode loaded with the large surface area LaMnO3 catalyst of 60 wt% gave a current density as high as 2.0 A/cm2 at -125 mV vs. Hg/HgO (0.8 V vs. RHE) in 9 mol/dm3 NaOH at 80°C, which was 2.5 times as large as that of the electrode loaded with the conventinal LaMnO3 (Fig.3).
Inflatable penile prosthesis outcomes after pelvic radiation. (2020)

This study shows no significant increase in risk of surgical complication in patients exposed to pelvic RT and supports the use of IPP in men with a history of RT and refractory erectile dysfunction.
Very low threshold current 1.3μm InAs y P 1− y /InP BH strained-layer quantum well laser diodes grown by MOCVD (1992)

Very low threshold current operation of all MOCVD grown buried heterostructure 1.3μm InAsP/InP strained-layer double quantum well laser diodes is reported for the first time. A very low CW threshold current of 1.8mA was obtained in a HR coated 200 μm-long device. The maximum CW operating temperature was 120°C with a characteristic temperature of 62K in the temperature range 20–60°C.
Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ on placentation, adiposity, and colorectal cancer (2001)

Targeting of the nuclear prostaglandin receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) by homologous recombination results in placental defects and frequent (>90%) midgestation lethality. Surviving PPARdelta(-/-) mice exhibit a striking reduction in adiposity relative to wild-type levels. This effect is not reproduced in mice harboring an adipose tissue-specific deletion of PPARdelta, and thus likely reflects peripheral PPARdelta functions in systemic lipid metabolism. Finally, we observe that PPARdelta is dispensable for polyp formation in the intestine and colon of APC(min) mice, inconsistent with its recently proposed role in the establishment of colorectal tumors. Together, these observations reveal specific roles for PPARdelta in embryo development and adipocyte physiology, but not cancer.
The Future of USP Monographs for PET Drugs (2012)

Section 121 of the 1997 FDA Modernization Act (FDAMA) required that PET drugs be prepared according to U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) compounding standards and PET drug monographs until the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established appropriate approval processes and good manufacturing practice (GMP)
Plastic transistors in active-matrix displays (2003)

An active-matrix display driven by a pixel circuit with polymer-based thin film transistors is demonstrated. The circuit contains 4096 solution-processed plastic transistors, which is among the largest organic circuits reported to date. The relation between the transistor parameters such as mobility and leakage current to the display performance is analyzed.
A Call for Randomized Controlled Trials to Test the Efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Therapeutics against Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) (2020)

"A Call for Randomized Controlled Trials to Test the Efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Therapeutics against Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)" published on 06 May 2020 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
P1‐241: In vivo reduction of beta‐amyloid peptides in the brain of Tg2576 mice after oral administration of a novel BACE1 inhibitor (2012)

The transmembrane aspartic acid protease BACE1 cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate Aβ, inhibition of BACE1 is therefore a favorable approach for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Small molecule BACE1 inhibitors are expected to decrease Aß-peptide generation and thereby reduce amyloid plaque formation in the brain, a hallmark neuropathological lesion in AD. Tg2576, a mouse model overexpressing human APP with the Swedish mutation, is a widely used animal model to study amyloidosis. Aim: In the present study, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of a novel small molecule BACE1 inhibitor (AZ-17) was evaluated in vivo using C57BL/6 and Tg2576 mice. The in vitro potency for AZ-17 was first evaluated using primary cortical neuron from C57BL/6 or Tg2576 mice. C57BL/6 mice were then used to study the dose- and time-dependent reduction of Aβ after a single oral dose of AZ-17. The effect of AZ-17 on amyloid deposition was studied in 11 month old female Tg2567 mice, which received AZ-17 once daily for 28 days. AZ-17 displayed a potency difference in vitro between C57BL/6 and Tg2576 primary cortical neurons. In C57BL/6 mice AZ-17 demonstrated a dose- and time-depended reduction of brain Aβ. The insoluble pool of Aβ was reduced in Tg2576 after 28 days treatment with AZ-17. These results demonstrate that an oral small molecule BACE1 inhibitor reduces the levels of both soluble and insoluble Aß in the brain, thereby supporting BACE1 inhibition as a feasible approach for disease modification in AD.
Negligible clearance of ultrafine particles retained in healthy and affected human lungs (2006)

Ambient particles are believed to be a specific health hazard, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. There are data in the literature indicating fast and substantial systemic uptake of particles from the lung. The present authors have developed an improved method to produce ultrafine particles with more stable radiolabelling and defined particle size range. Fifteen subjects inhaled technetium 99m (99mTc)-labelled carbonaceous particles of 100 nm in size. Radioactivity over the lung was followed for 70 h. The clearance of these ultrafine particles from the lungs and specifically translocation to the circulation was tested. Lung retention for all subjects at 46 h was mean+/-sd 99+/-4.6%. Cumulative leaching of 99mTc activity from the particles was 2.6+/-0.96% at 70 h. The 24-h activity leaching in urine was 1.0+/-0.55%. No evidence of a quantitatively important translocation of 100-nm particles to the systemic circulation from the lungs was found. More research is needed to establish if the approximately 1% cleared activity originates from leached activity or insoluble translocated particles, and whether a few per cent of translocated particles is sufficient to cause harmful effects.
Optical Storage Media and Digital Data Security (2005)

Optical media are ideal for storing sensitive information as they can be removed and secured. DataPlay’s technology takes advantage of this; encrypted keys are stored on the media itself, content is separately encrypted and accessed through key exchange. Web enabled versions (ContentKey®) and password based systems (PassPlay®) have been developed and introduced using the DataPlay 32 mm small form factor optical drive &amp; media.
CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF NEW 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE LIGANDSAND THE DEPENDENCE OF THEIR CONFORMATIONS ON COMPLEXATION (2013)

Derivatives of phenanthroline are widely used in analytical and inorganic chemistry as ligands for complexation of heavy metals. In particular, they bind cations of heavy metals in the processes of the industrial wastewater purification.
Convolutional Dropout and Wordpiece Augmentation for End-to-End Speech Recognition (2021)

Regularization and data augmentation are crucial to training end-to-end automatic speech recognition systems. Dropout is a popular regularization technique, which operates on each neuron independently by multiplying it with a Bernoulli random variable. We propose a generalization of dropout, called "convolutional dropout", where each neuron’s activation is replaced with a randomly-weighted linear combination of neuron values in its neighborhood. We believe that this formulation combines the regularizing effect of dropout with the smoothing effects of the convolution operation. In addition to convolutional dropout, this paper also proposes using random word-piece segmentations as a data augmentation scheme during training, inspired by results in neural machine translation. We adopt both these methods during the training of transformer-transducer speech recognition models, and show consistent WER improvements on Librispeech as well as across different languages.
Carbenoid Pathways in Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclopropanations of Phenyliodonium Ylides (2001)

The enantioselectivity of the copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of allyl diazomalonates and the corresponding phenyliodonium ylides was investigated with a series of chiral, non-racemic ligands. The reaction of 6b in the presence of the bis[dihydrooxazole] ligand Xa in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane proceeded to 8b with an enantiomer excess (ee) of up to 72% under optimized conditions. In contrast, 8b resulting from reaction of ylide 7b with the same ligand, but in CH2Cl2 at 0°, had an ee of only 30%. With other ligands, diazomalonate 6b reacted with a lower enantioselectivity than ylide 7b, however. The intramolecular cyclopropanation of the acetoacetate-derived phenyliodonium ylide 15b afforded 16b with 68% ee with ligand Xa, but the corresponding diazo compound was unreactive when exposed to chiral copper catalysts. The observation of asymmetric induction in the Cu-catalyzed reactions of the ylides 7 and 15 is consistent with a carbenoid mechanism; however, the discrepancy of the enantioselectivities observed between diazomalonate 6b and ylide 7b suggests a competing unselective pathway for cyclopropanation outside of the coordination sphere of copper.
SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine release after amphetamine challenge. (1995)

These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using [123I]IBZM programmed infusion and SPECT imaging to measure endogenous dopamine release after d-amphetamine challenge and to study brain neurochemical correlates of emotions.
Bone Marrow Oxytocin Mediates the Anabolic Action of Estrogen on the Skeleton (2012)

Estrogen uses two mechanisms to exert its effect on the skeleton: it inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts and, at higher doses, can stimulate bone formation. Although the antiresorptive action of estrogen arises from the inhibition of the MAPK JNK, the mechanism of its effect on the osteoblast remains unclear. Here, we report that the anabolic action of estrogen in mice occurs, at least in part, through oxytocin (OT) produced by osteoblasts in bone marrow. We show that the absence of OT receptors (OTRs) in OTR(-/-) osteoblasts or attenuation of OTR expression in silenced cells inhibits estrogen-induced osteoblast differentiation, transcription factor up-regulation, and/or OT production in vitro. In vivo, OTR(-/-) mice, known to have a bone formation defect, fail to display increases in trabecular bone volume, cortical thickness, and bone formation in response to estrogen. Furthermore, osteoblast-specific Col2.3-Cre(+)/OTR(fl/fl) mice, but not TRAP-Cre(+)/OTR(fl/fl) mice, mimic the OTR(-/-) phenotype and also fail to respond to estrogen. These data attribute the phenotype of OTR deficiency to an osteoblastic rather than an osteoclastic defect. Physiologically, feed-forward OT release in bone marrow by a rising estrogen concentration may facilitate rapid skeletal recovery during the latter phases of lactation.
Light-weight Gesture Sensing Using FMCW Radar Time Series Data (2021)

The paper proposes a novel feature extraction approach for FMCW radar systems in the field of short-range gesture sensing. A light-weight processing is proposed which reduces a series of 3D radar data cubes to four 1D time signals containing information about range, azimuth angle, elevation angle and magnitude. The processing is entirely performed in the time domain without using any Fourier transformation and enables the training of a deep neural network directly on the raw time domain data. It is shown experimentally on real world data, that the proposed processing retains the same expressive power as conventional radar processing to range-, Doppler- and angle-spectrograms. Further, the computational complexity is significantly reduced which makes it perfectly suitable for embedded devices. The system is able to recognize ten different gestures with an accuracy of about 95% and is running in real time on a Raspberry Pi 3 B. The delay between end of gesture and prediction is only 150 ms.
Hybrid-Integrated Germanium Photodetector and CMOS Receiver Operating at 15 Gb/s (2011)

A waveguide-integrated metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector is integrated with an analog 90-nm CMOS receiver. Error-free 15-Gb/s operation is achieved with an efficiency of 4.7 pJ/bit and a sensitivity of −8 dBm average power.
Neural Bee Colony Optimization: A Case Study in Public Transit Network Design (2023)

In this work we explore the combination of metaheuristics and learned neural network solvers for combinatorial optimization. We do this in the context of the transit network design problem, a uniquely challenging combinatorial optimization problem with real-world importance. We train a neural network policy to perform single-shot planning of individual transit routes, and then incorporate it as one of several sub-heuristics in a modified Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) metaheuristic algorithm. Our experimental results demonstrate that this hybrid algorithm outperforms the learned policy alone by up to 20% and the original BCO algorithm by up to 53% on realistic problem instances. We perform a set of ablations to study the impact of each component of the modified algorithm.
Nature of Acquired Immune Responses, Epitope Specificity and Resultant Protection from SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

The primary global response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been to bring to the clinic as rapidly as possible a number of vaccines that are predicted to enhance immunity to this viral infection. While the rapidity with which these vaccines have been developed and tested (at least for short-term efficacy and safety) is commendable, it should be acknowledged that this has occurred despite the lack of research into, and understanding of, the immune elements important for natural host protection against the virus, making this endeavor a somewhat unique one in medical history. In contrast, as pointed out in the review below, there were already important past observations that suggested that respiratory infections at mucosal surfaces were susceptible to immune clearance by mechanisms not typical of infections caused by systemic (blood-borne) pathogens. Accordingly, it was likely to be important to understand the role for both innate and acquired immunity in response to viral infection, as well as the optimum acquired immune resistance mechanisms for viral clearance (B cell or antibody-mediated, versus T cell mediated). This information was needed both to guide vaccine development and to monitor its success. We have known that many pathogens enter into a quasi-symbiotic relationship with the host, with each undergoing sequential change in response to alterations the other makes to its presence. The subsequent evolution of viral variants which has caused such widespread concern over the last 3-6 months as host immunity develops was an entirely predictable response. What is still not known is whether there will be other unexpected side-effects of the deployment of novel vaccines in humans which have yet to be characterized, and, if so, how and if these can be avoided. We conclude by remarking that to ignore a substantial body of well-attested immunological research in favour of expediency is a poor way to proceed.
Ethynylazulenes — Building Blocks for Novel Oligoazulenes with Ethynyl and Butadiynyl Bridges (2005)

Abstract The azulenes 3a , b , 6a , b , 9 , 12 and 15 ethynylated in the five‐membered ring were prepared by Pd‐catalysed cross‐coupling of the corresponding iodoazulenes 1a , b , 4a , b , 7 , 10 and 13 , respectively, with trimethylsilylacetylene and subsequent desilylation. The synthesis of some acyclic oligomers 23 – 30 , 32 – 36 and 38 – 40 from these ethynylazulenes could be accomplished by oxidative Eglinton coupling as well as Pd/Cu‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions with the appropriate iodoazulenes 1a , b , 4b , 31 and 34 . The UV/Vis spectra of the novel oligomers 32 , 35 and 36 allow an estimation of the bandgap ( E g ) of poly(1,3‐azulenylethynylene)s lower than 2 eV. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Direct-conversion CMOS transceiver with automatic frequency control for 802.11a wireless LANs (2003)

A 11.7mm/sup 2/ 5GHz direct-conversion 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS transceiver achieves a sensitivity of -93dBm, a system NF of 4.5dB (high gain), and IIP3 of -4.8dBm (low gain). Dissipation is 150mW in RX mode and 380mW while transmitting 15dBm OFDM signal.