gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LU-Net: An Efficient Network for 3D LiDAR Point Cloud Semantic\n Segmentation Based on End-to-End-Learned 3D Features and U-Net (2019)

We propose LU-Net -- for LiDAR U-Net, a new method for the semantic\nsegmentation of a 3D LiDAR point cloud. Instead of applying some global 3D\nsegmentation method such as PointNet, we propose an end-to-end architecture for\nLiDAR point cloud semantic segmentation that efficiently solves the problem as\nan image processing problem. We first extract high-level 3D features for each\npoint given its 3D neighbors. Then, these features are projected into a 2D\nmultichannel range-image by considering the topology of the sensor. Thanks to\nthese learned features and this projection, we can finally perform the\nsegmentation using a simple U-Net segmentation network, which performs very\nwell while being very efficient. In this way, we can exploit both the 3D nature\nof the data and the specificity of the LiDAR sensor. This approach outperforms\nthe state-of-the-art by a large margin on the KITTI dataset, as our experiments\nshow. Moreover, this approach operates at 24fps on a single GPU. This is above\nthe acquisition rate of common LiDAR sensors which makes it suitable for\nreal-time applications.\n
Front Matter: Volume 7395 (2009)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7395, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.
Loop flexibility in human telomeric quadruplex small-molecule complexes (2015)

Quadruplex nucleic acids can be formed at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their formation and stabilisation by appropriate small molecules can be used as a means of inhibiting the telomere maintenance functions of telomerase in human cancer cells. The crystal structures have been determined for a number of complexes between these small molecules and human telomeric DNA and RNA quadruplexes. The detailed structural characteristics of these complexes have been surveyed here and the variations in conformation for the TTA and UUA loops have been explored. Loop conformations have been classified in terms of a number of discrete types and their distribution among the crystal structures. Sugar conformation and backbone angles have also been examined and trends highlighted. One particular loop class has been found to be most prevalent. Implications for in particular, rational drug design, are discussed.
On the Efficiency and AM/AM Flatness of Inverse Class-F Power Amplifiers (2019)

Inverse Class-F (Class F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) power amplifiers (PAs) are widely known to deliver excellent performance at saturation. Due to this, Class F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> PAs are not recommended for applications where PA operation is required to be backed-off from saturation. This paper explores optimizing Class F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> PA performance and maintaining the performance over a high range of gain compression levels. A simple model of the Class F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> amplifier is proposed to approximate its harmonic-dependent behavior as seen at the internal reference plane. A load-pull based experimental approach is then presented, according to which input second-harmonic terminations are tuned, while maintaining quasi-ideal inverse Class F output matching conditions. The device under test used in the experiment is a 0.7 mm Gallium Nitride (GaN) die from NXP at a frequency of 2.6 GHz. Measured results provide significant insight into the impact of input harmonic manipulation on the amplitude-to-amplitude modulation (AM/AM) profile. A design space for second harmonic input impedance was found to provide relatively flatter AM/AM response of the Class F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> PA yielding significantly improved RF performance at the 3-dB compression point (P3dB) compared to the classical Class F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> PA with no second harmonic manipulation at the input.
Cognitive software defined radar: waveform design for clutter and interference suppression (2017)

Clutter and radio frequency interference (RFI) are prevalent issues in the field of radar and are specifically of interest to of cognitive radar. Here, methods for applying and testing the utility of cognitive radar for clutter and RFI mitigation are explored. Using the adaptable transmit capability, environmental database, and general “awareness” of a cognitive radar system (i.e. spectrum sensing, geographical location, etc.), a matched waveform is synthesized that improves the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR), assuming at least an estimate of the target response and the environmental clutter response are known a prior i. RFI may also be mitigated by sensing the RF spectrum and adapting the transmit center frequency and bandwidth using methods that optimize bandwidth and signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) (i.e. the spectrum sensing, multi-objective (SS-MO) algorithm). The improvement is shown by a decrease in the noise floor. The above methods’ effectiveness are examined via a test-bed developed around a software defined radio (SDR). Testing and the general use of commercial off the shelf (COTS) devices are desirable for their cost effectiveness, general ease of use, as well as technical and community support, but these devices provide design challenges in order to be effective. The universal software radio peripheral (USRP) X310 SDR is a relatively cheap and portable device that has all the system components of a basic cognitive radar. Design challenges of the SDR include phase coherency between channels, bandwidth limitations, dynamic range, and speed of computation and data communication / recording.
The brain’s unique take on algorithms (2023)

Perspectives for understanding the brain vary across disciplines and this has challenged our ability to describe the brain’s functions. In this comment, we discuss how emerging theoretical computing frameworks that bridge top-down algorithm and bottom-up physics approaches may be ideally suited for guiding the development of neural computing technologies such as neuromorphic hardware and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, we discuss how this balanced perspective may be necessary to incorporate the neurobiological details that are critical for describing the neural computational disruptions within mental health and neurological disorders. The current gap between computing algorithms and neuromorphic hardware to emulate brains is an outstanding bottleneck in developing neural computing technologies. Aimone and Parekh discuss the possibility of bridging this gap using theoretical computing frameworks from a neuroscience perspective.
Exploitation of a self-limiting process for reproducible formation of ultrathin Ni1−xPtx silicide films (2010)

This letter reports on a process scheme to obtain highly reproducible Ni1−xPtx silicide films of 3–6 nm thickness formed on a Si(100) substrate. Such ultrathin silicide films are readily attained by sputter deposition of metal films, metal stripping in wet chemicals, and final silicidation by rapid thermal processing. This process sequence warrants an invariant amount of metal intermixed with Si in the substrate surface region independent of the initial metal thickness, thereby leading to a self-limiting formation of ultrathin silicide films. The crystallographic structure, thickness, uniformity, and morphological stability of the final silicide films depend sensitively on the initial Pt fraction.
Microfabricated Electro-Permanent Magnets Using AlNiCo and CoPt (2021)

This letter demonstrates the fabrication and characterization of externally switchable electro-permanent magnets (EPMs) microfabricated on silicon wafers. Each EPM comprises a thick-film bilayer of electroplated cobalt-platinum as the hard magnetic phase and screen-printed aluminum-nickel-cobalt/polydimethylsiloxane composite as the soft magnetic phase. The selected magnetic materials and corresponding fabrication methods are compatible with standard semiconductor processes, which enable batch fabrication capability for low-cost and system-on-chip integration. An on/off magnetic moment ratio of 265 is achieved for the miniaturized 3.6 mm × 3.6 mm × 0.3 mm EPM devices by varying the volume ratio of the constituent materials. Scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry are used to characterize the microscopic structure and magnetic performance of the fabricated devices, respectively.
Manifold geometric invariants and object-centric approach (2002)

In this paper a new object-centric approach is presented, based on manifold geometric invariants, called catastrophes.
A hybrid model for Buck converter operating in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (2010)

A hybrid modeling technique in CCM (Continuous Conduction Mode) and equally valid in DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) is proposed for the step-down Buck converter. An improved ν-resolution model is obtained which easily allows the deduction of the equivalent PWA (Piecewise Affine) model that is adequate for predictive control design. Simulation results of the open-loop model are presented, proving the prospects of this approach.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Synthesis of the C(38)—C(54) Halichondrin B Subunit (I). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A study of quantum error correction by geometric algebra and liquid-state NMR spectroscopy (2000)

Quantum error correcting codes enable the information contained in a quantum state to be protected from decoherence due to external perturbations. Applied to NMR, quantum coding does not alter normal relaxation, but rather converts the state of a ``data'' spin into multiple quantum coherences involving additional ancilla spins. These multiple quantum coherences relax at differing rates, thus permitting the original state of the data to be approximately reconstructed by mixing them together in an appropriate fashion. This paper describes the operation of a simple, three-bit quantum code in the product operator formalism, and uses geometric algebra methods to obtain the error-corrected decay curve in the presence of arbitrary correlations in the external random fields. These predictions are confirmed in both the totally correlated and uncorrelated cases by liquid-state NMR experiments on 13C-labeled alanine, using gradient-diffusion methods to implement these idealized decoherence models. Quantum error correction in weakly polarized systems requires that the ancilla spins be prepared in a pseudo-pure state relative to the data spin, which entails a loss of signal that exceeds any potential gain through error correction. Nevertheless, this study shows that quantum coding can be used to validate theoretical decoherence mechanisms, and to provide detailed information on correlations in the underlying NMR relaxation dynamics.
TAT Fusion Proteins Containing Tyrosine 42-deleted IκBα Arrest Osteoclastogenesis (2001)

In most circumstances, NF-kappaB, which is essential for osteoclastogenesis, is activated following serine 32/36 phosphorylation of its cytosolic inhibitory protein, IkappaBalpha. In contrast to other cell types, IkappaBalpha, in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), which are osteoclast precursors, is tyrosine-phosphorylated by c-Src kinase. To address the role of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation in osteoclastogenesis, we generated TAT fusion proteins containing wild-type IkappaBalpha (TAT-WT-IkappaB), IkappaBalpha lacking its NH(2)-terminal 45 amino acids (TAT-IkappaB(46-317)), and IkappaBalpha in which tyrosine residue 42, the c-Src target, is mutated into phenylalanine (TAT-IkappaB(Y42F)). TAT-IkappaB efficiently enters BMMs, and the NF-kappaB-inhibitory protein, once intracellular, is functional. While TAT-WT-IkappaB only slightly inhibits osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast recruitment is diminished >80% by TAT-IkappaB(46-317), an event mirrored by dentin resorption. The fact that TAT alone does not impact osteoclastogenesis, which also resumes following withdrawal of TAT-IkappaB(46-317), establishes that the mutant's anti-osteoclastogenic properties do not reflect toxicity. Affirming a functional role for IkappaB(Tyr(42)) in osteoclastogenesis, TAT-IkappaB(Y42F) is as efficient as TAT-IkappaB(46-317) in blocking osteoclast differentiation. Thus, dominant-negative IkappaBalpha constructs block osteoclastogenesis, and Tyr(42) is essential to the process, increasing the possibility that nonphosphorylatable forms of IkappaBalpha may be a means of preventing pathological bone loss.
Research on the virtual display of a weft-knitted seamless kneepad based on the free-form deformation model (2022)

This paper proposes a virtual display method suitable for a weft-knitted seamless kneepad. The purpose of this study is to realize the virtual display of complete weft-knitted products, and it has the advantage of speed to display the virtual display results online in real-time. The basic loop of the model is controlled by up to eight characteristic points and the yarn path is fitted by a three-dimensional spline curve. First, the characteristic point coordinates of the seamless weft-knitted kneepad in the plane state were calculated, and then the corresponding spatial coordinate transformation matrix was selected according to the corresponding mesh of each loop to calculate the characteristic point coordinates in the wearing state. Finally, the virtual display model of the seamless weft-knitted kneepad was rendered by tubeline geometry. The virtual display of the weft-knitted kneepad is realized by the joint programming of Visual Studio and WebGL. The results show that the structure model can achieve the virtual display of the kneepad with high efficiency. This method has strong real-time performance and practicability.
Evolutionary unpredictability in cancer model system (2022)

Abstract Despite the advent of personalized medicine, it is still difficult to predict how a cancer develops over time at the level of the individual patient or even in cancer model systems which begs the question whether certain aspects of cancer can ever be predicted or if there is an inherent unpredictability in cancer, similar to other complex biological systems, We demonstrate by a combination of agent-based mathematical modelling and analysis of data from patient-derived xenograft systems from multiple cancer types that certain conditions may invoke chaotic fluctuations in the clonal landscape of cancer cells. Our findings indicate that under those conditions, the cancer genome behaves as a complex dynamic system, making its long-term evolution inherently unpredictable.
Models and algorithms for data privacy (2006)

Over the last twenty years, there has been a tremendous growth in the amount of private data that can be collected and analyzed digitally. On the one hand, this has led to the development of data mining tools that aim to infer useful trends from this data. But, on the other hand, easy access to personal data poses a threat to individual privacy. In this thesis, we provide models and algorithms for protecting the privacy of individuals in such large data sets while still allowing users to mine useful trends and statistics. We focus on two frameworks for protecting privacy in statistical databases.
The first part of the thesis focuses on the interactive framework, in which the user (researcher) queries the database through a privacy mechanism, which may deny the query or alter the answer in order to ensure privacy. We first consider the online query auditing problem: given a sequence of queries about the data, their corresponding answers and given a new query, deny the answer if privacy can be breached or give the true answer otherwise. We uncover the fundamental problem that query denials leak information and introduce the simulatable auditing model to overcome this problem. We also describe a probabilistic notion of (partial) compromise, in order to overcome the known limitations of the existing privacy definition. We then present simulatable auditing algorithms under both these definitions. The second problem we consider is output perturbation, in which the database administrator computes exact answer to the query and then outputs a perturbed answer as the response to the query. Inspired by the desire to enable individuals to retain control over their information, we provide a fault-tolerant distributed implementation of output perturbation schemes, thereby eliminating the need for a trusted database administrator.
The second part of the thesis focuses on the non-interactive framework and considers two anonymization methods for publishing data. We present approximation algorithms for anonymizing databases under the k-Anonymity model. Then we propose a new method for anonymizing data records, where the data records are clustered and then cluster centers are published, and provide approximation algorithms.
Enhancement of the Endo-β-1,4-glucanase Activity of an Exocellobiohydrolase by Deletion of a Surface Loop (1995)

In the commonly accepted mechanism for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, endo-beta-1,4-glucanases randomly cleave glucosidic bonds within glucan polymers, providing sites for attack by exo-cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91). It has been proposed that hydrolysis by Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II is restricted to the ends of cellulose polymers because two surface loops cover its active site to form a tunnel. In a closely related endoglucanase, E2 from Thermomonospora fusca, access to the substrate appears to be relatively unhindered because the carboxyl-proximal loop is shortened, and the amino-proximal loop is displaced. The hypothesis was examined by deletion of a region in Cellulomonas fimi cellobiohydrolase A corresponding to part of the carboxyl-proximal loop of T. reesei cellobiohydrolase II. The mutation enhanced the endoglucanase activity of the enzyme on soluble O-(carboxymethyl)cellulose and altered its activities on 2',4'-dinitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside, insoluble cellulose, and cellotetraose.
Reworkable & rehealable packaging materials from the introduction of orthogonal dynamic covalent chemistries (2022)

As the physical complexity of multi-chip modules (MCMs) and demand for improved thermal management increases, traditional electronic packaging materials may reach fundamental limitations. For instance, capillary underfills when subjected to thermal stresses from typical operating temperatures are susceptible to fatigue, crack formation, adhesion loss and related failure mechanisms – all of which have significant consequences to package lifetime and performance. In general, packaging materials are complex formulations that includes: filler, matrix polymers, catalysts and adhesion promoters – however, the curing chemistry is reliant on irreversible bond formation (often thermosetting epoxy resins) where efforts are directed to minimize the rupture of these bonds. The incorporation of chemical moieties capable of bond formation under an equilibrium (e.g., reversible bond formation) provide access to macroscopic behaviors such as mechanophores, shape-memory behavior and autonomic self-healing, to name a few. By judicious selection of dynamic bonds multiple material responses can be generated by orthogonal stimuli. With an eye towards wide ranging electronic packaging applications, a dual responsive dynamic motif was designed, synthesized and incorporated into a material system that exhibits both autonomic rehealing properties, triggered by a thermal stimulus, and reworkability from a chemically triggered depolymerization. These are attractive properties for packaging materials as they can extend the lifetime of material, through damage repair, offer a pathway for improved yields and more complex MCMs through a facile chemical method of reworkability (e.g., depolymerization). This material system will be described towards its application as a capillary underfill.
Computational cannula-based microscopy for brain imaging (2022)

With Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, we experimentally demonstrated deep imaging inside mice brains with cellular-level resolution using computational cannula microscopy. Multi-ANNs were used for the prediction of brain images.
A trust-and-risk aware RBAC framework (2012)

Insider Attacks are one of the most dangerous threats organizations face today. An insider attack occurs when a person authorized to perform certain actions in an organization decides to abuse the trust, and harm the organization. These attacks may negatively impact the reputation of the organization, its productivity, and may produce losses in revenue and clients. Avoiding insider attacks is a daunting task. While it is necessary to provide privileges to employees so they can perform their jobs efficiently, providing too many privileges may backfire when users accidentally or intentionally abuse their privileges. Hence, finding a middle ground, where the necessary privileges are provided and malicious usage are avoided, is necessary. In this paper, we propose a framework that extends the role-based access control (RBAC) model by incorporating a risk assessment process, and the trust the system has on its users. Our framework adapts to suspicious changes in users' behavior by removing privileges when users' trust falls below a certain threshold. This threshold is computed based on a risk assessment process that includes the risk due to inference of unauthorized information. We use a Coloured-Petri net to detect inferences. We also redefine the existing role activation problem, and propose an algorithm that reduces the risk exposure. We present experimental evaluation to validate our work.
Influence of HfO2 and SiO2 interfacial layers on the characteristics of n-GaN/HfSiOx capacitors using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (2021)

We investigated the growth per cycle (GPC) for SiO2 and HfO2 on n-GaN/native oxide and p-Si/SiO2 substrates by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using tris(dimethylamino)silane and tetrakis(dimethylamino)hafnium precursors, respectively, and O2 plasma gases. On the basis of the estimated GPC, we also examined the characteristics of n-GaN/Hf0.57Si0.43Ox/Pt capacitors with an inserted interfacial layer (IL) such as subnanometer-thick HfO2 and SiO2. We found that the GPC for SiO2 on n-GaN/native oxide was slightly smaller than that on p-Si/SiO2, whereas the GPC for HfO2 was the same on both substrates. The GPC for ALD-SiO2 could be reasonably plotted on the basis of the relationship between the GPC and the difference in electronegativity between the metal and oxygen in the metal-O underlayers including native oxide (Ga2O3) on GaN. On the basis of the GPC on n-GaN, Hf0.57Si0.43Ox (23 nm) capacitors were fabricated without and with a HfO2-IL (0.3 and 0.5 nm) or SiO2-IL (0.3 and 0.6 nm). These capacitors exhibited similar leakage current properties and a high breakdown electric field greater than 8.3 MV cm−1. No frequency dispersion and a flatband voltage (Vfb) hysteresis smaller than 50 mV were observed for all of the capacitors. Compared with the SiO2-IL [Si-rich HfSiOx (Si: &amp;gt; 0.43)] capacitors, the HfO2-IL [Hf-rich HfSiOx (Hf: &amp;gt; 0.57)] capacitors showed a smaller interface state density [(1.2–1.7) × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 at −0.4 eV from the conduction band] and a smaller negative Vfb shift. Therefore, the Hf-rich HfSiOx (Hf: &amp;gt; 0.57) grown using a HfO2-IL at the n-GaN/HfSiOx interface plays a substantial role in improving the electrical properties of n-GaN/HfSiOx capacitors.