gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential of a Miniature Spectral Analyzer for District-Scale Monitoring of Multiple Gaseous Air Pollutants (2023)

Gas sensors that can measure multiple pollutants simultaneously are highly desirable for on-site air pollution monitoring at various scales, both indoor and outdoor. Herein, we introduce a low-cost multi-parameter gas analyzer capable of monitoring multiple gaseous pollutants simultaneously, thus allowing for true analytical measurement. It is a spectral sensor consisting of a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer based on a mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometer. The sensor is as small as 7 × 5 × 2.5 cm<sup>3</sup>. It was deployed in an open-path configuration within a district-scale climatic chamber (Sense City, Marne-la-Vallée, France) with a volume of 20 × 20 × 8 m<sup>3</sup>. The setup included a transmitter and a receiver separated by 38 m to enable representative measurements of the entire district domain. We used a car inside the climatic chamber, turning the engine on and off to create time sequences of a pollution source. The results showed that carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O) were accurately monitored using the spectral sensor, with agreement with the reference analyzers used to record the pollution levels near the car exhaust. Furthermore, the lower detection limits of CO, NO<sub>2</sub> and NO were assessed, demonstrating the capability of the sensor to detect these pollutants. Additionally, a preliminary evaluation of the potential of the spectral sensor to screen multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted at the laboratory scale. Overall, the results demonstrated the potential of the proposed multi-parameter spectral gas sensor in on-site gaseous pollution monitoring.
Table S6 from Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Remodel the Tumor Immune Environment to Enhance Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S6&lt;/p&gt;
Palladium-Catalyzed Catellani Aminocyclopropanation Reactions with Vinyl Halides (2013)

Palladium is shown to catalyze an intramolecular aminocyclopropanation of norbornenes with aliphatic vinyl halides in good yields. The reaction tolerates a variety of amine substituents and gives good results with a variety of carbocyclic and oxabicyclic [2.2.1] alkene acceptors. Notably, stabilized enolate nucleophiles were also employed in cyclopropanation reactions.
1999 Pure or Applied Inorganic Chemistry Award Lecture Curves in chemistry: supramolecular materials taking shape (1999)

A large part of the development of mathematics was driven by the desire to understand why objects in nature are found in a myriad of shapes and sizes and why certain forms are preferred over others. The area of mathematics called the calculus of variations has been utilized to handle the optimal forms in geometry and nature. It has been used to comprehend morphogenesis and the similarity, yet variety, of forms in the natural world. The mathematical underpinnings of natural form are beginning to influence the inorganic materials world, especially the unusual morphologies that arise in the field of self-assembly. These morphologies often exhibit curved shapes resembling those of minimal surfaces rather than familiar Platonic, polyhedral crystal habits. The curved shapes of mesostructured inorganic materials synthesized by supramolecular templating are striking examples of minimal surface area and energy principles at work in their growth and form.Key words: mesoporous materials, morphosynthesis, silica, supramolecular.
Supplemental Table 1 from Novel Methylated DNA Markers in the Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer Recurrence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in Primary and Metastatic Tissue MDM Concordance Study&lt;/p&gt;
Whole-exome sequencing implicates UBE3D in age-related macular degeneration in East Asian populations (2015)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central blindness among the elderly worldwide. We use exome sequencing to analyse nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) across the whole genome of 216 neovascular AMD cases and 1,553 controls. As a follow-up validation, we evaluate 3,772 neovascular AMD cases and 6,942 controls from five independent cohorts in the East Asian population. Here we show strong evidence of an association at a novel, missense SNV, rs7739323, which is located in the ubiquitin protein ligase E3D (UBE3D) gene (Pmeta=1.46 × 10(-9), odds ratio (OR)=0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.88). Furthermore, ablation of the UBE3D protein lead to an abnormal amount of pigment granules deposited in retinal pigment epithelium microvilli area and an abnormal response on electroretinography (ERG) in UBE3D(+/-) heterozygous mice. Our findings indicate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system may play a role in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD.
Neurotherapeutic effects of novel HO‐1 inhibitors in vitro and in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2014)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) encoded by the HMOX1 gene is a 32-kDa stress protein that catabolizes heme to biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). Glial HO-1 is over-expressed in the CNS of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The HMOX1 gene is exquisitely sensitive to oxidative stress and is induced in brain and other tissues in various models of disease and trauma. Induction of the glial HMOX1 gene may lead to pathological brain iron deposition, intracellular oxidative damage, and bioenergetic failure in AD and other human CNS disorders such as PD and MS. Therefore, targeted suppression of glial HO-1 hyperactivity may prove to be a rational and effective therapeutic intervention in AD and related neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we report the effects of QC-47, QC-56, and OB-28, novel azole-based competitive and reversible inhibitors of HO-1, on oxidative damage to whole-cell and mitochondrial compartments in rat astrocytes transfected with the HMOX1 gene. We also report the effect of OB-28 on the behavior and neuropathology of APP(swe)/PS1(∆E9) mice. OB-28 was found to reduce oxidative damage to whole-cell and mitochondrial compartments in rat astrocytes transfected with the HMOX1 gene. Moreover, OB-28 was found to significantly counter behavioral deficits and neuropathological alterations in APP(swe)/PS1(∆E9) mice. Attenuation of AD-associated behavioral deficits and neuropathological changes suggests that HO-1 may be a promising target for neuroprotective intervention in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that the targeted suppression of glial heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) hyperactivity may prove to be a rational and effective therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. We report attenuation by a selective HO-1 inhibitor of oxidative damage to whole-cell and mitochondrial compartments in astrocytes in vitro and amelioration of behavioral anomalies in a transgenic mouse model of AD.
Sentient Networks: A New Dimension in Network Capability (2007)

As computer networks evolve to the next generation, they offer flexible infrastructures for communication as well as high vulnerability. In order to sustain the reliability, to prevent misuse, and to provide radically new services, these networks need new capabilities in non-traditional domains of operation such as perception and consciousness. Therefore, we propose Sentient Networks, as an early approach towards realizing them. There are several applications for such networking capability. For one, sentient networks can enable packet detection in a blackbox manner, detect encryption of data transferred, detecting and classifying data types such as voice, video, and data. Some of the applications of such capabilities, for example, include the use of emotion content of the voice packets through a network and classifying these packets into normal, moderately panicked, and extremely panicked. Such classifications can be used to provide better QoS schemes for panicked callers. We obtained a packet detection accuracy of about 65-70% for data packets and about 98% accuracy for detecting encrypted TCP packets. The emotion-aware QoS provision mechanism provided approximately 60% improvement in delay performance for voice packets generated by panicked sources.
Assessment of In Vitro COPD Models for Tobacco Regulatory Science: Workshop Proceedings, Conclusions and Paths Forward for In Vitro Model Use (2016)

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 established the Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products (FDA-CTP), and gave it regulatory authority over the marketing, manufacture and distribution of tobacco products, including those termed 'modified risk'. On 8-10 December 2014, IIVS organised a workshop conference, entitled Assessment of In Vitro COPD Models for Tobacco Regulatory Science, to bring together stakeholders representing regulatory agencies, academia, industry and animal protection, to address the research priorities articulated by the FDA-CTP. Specific topics were covered to assess the status of current in vitro technologies as they are applied to understanding the adverse pulmonary events resulting from tobacco product exposure, and in particular, the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The four topics covered were: a) Inflammation and Oxidative Stress; b) Ciliary Dysfunction and Ion Transport; c) Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Mucus Production; and d) Parenchymal/Bronchial Tissue Destruction and Remodelling. The 2.5 day workshop included 18 expert speakers, plus poster sessions, networking and breakout sessions, which identified key findings and provided recommendations to advance the in vitro technologies and assays used to evaluate tobacco-induced disease etiologies. The workshop summary was reported at the 2015 Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, and the recommendations led to an IIVS-organised technical workshop in June 2015, entitled Goblet Cell Hyperplasia, Mucus Production, and Ciliary Beating Assays, to assess these assays and to conduct a proof-of-principle multi-laboratory exercise to determine their suitability for standardisation. Here, we report on the proceedings, recommendations and outcomes of the December 2014 workshop, including paths forward to continue the development of non-animal methods to evaluate tissue responses that model the disease processes that may lead to COPD, a major cause of mortality worldwide.
Display Week 2013 Review: e‐Paper (2013)

A new product line from E Ink Corp. topped the surprises at this year's show.
Nanoscale Confinement Controls the Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate: Relevance to Bone Formation (2013)

A key feature of biomineralization processes is that they take place within confined volumes, in which the local environment can have significant effects on mineral formation. Herein, we investigate the influence of confinement on the formation mechanism and structure of calcium phosphate (CaP). This is of particular relevance to the formation of dentine and bone, structures of which are based on highly mineralized collagen fibrils. CaP was precipitated within 25-300 nm diameter, cylindrical pores of track etched and anodised alumina membranes under physiological conditions, in which this system enables systematic study of the effects of the pore size in the absence of a structural match between the matrix and the growing crystals. Our results show that the main products were polycrystalline hydroxapatite (HAP) rods, together with some single crystal octacalcium phosphate (OCP) rods. Notably, we demonstrate that these were generated though an intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) phase, and that ACP is significantly stabilised in confinement. This effect may have significance to the mineralization of bone, which can occur through a transient ACP phase. We also show that orientation of the HAP comparable, or even superior to that seen in bone can be achieved through confinement effects alone. Although this simple experimental system cannot be considered, a direct mimic of the in vivo formation of ultrathin HAP platelets within collagen fibrils, our results show that the effects of physical confinement should not be neglected when considering the mechanisms of formation of structures, such as bones and teeth.
GENE THERAPY IN THE ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENT MOUSE PREVENTS CLINICAL SEQUELAE OF NITROGEN CHALLENGE. ▴ 886 (1996)

GENE THERAPY IN THE ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENT MOUSE PREVENTS CLINICAL SEQUELAE OF NITROGEN CHALLENGE. ▴ 886
Poster (2019)

The increase in network traffic volumes challenges the scalability of security analysis tools. In this paper, we present NetLearn, a solution to identify potentially malicious network entities from large amounts of network traffic data. NetLearn applies recently developed natural language processing algorithms to discover security-relevant relationships between the observed network entities, e.g., domain names and IP addresses, without requiring external sources of information for its analysis.
<title>Traffic models and admission control for VBR video</title> (1996)

Video services to the home are among the driving applications for emerging broadband networks. For residential services to be viable, video quality must be comparable to broadcast video. Video compression technology has well defined standards for high quality video (MPEG). Suitable video delivery techniques are however still under investigation. We consider the problem of delivering constant quality video using variable bit rate encoding. A traffic model is proposed for three different encoding types (H.261, MPEG2: one and two layer). These models are suitable for either stored or real-time video. The statistical multiplexing efficiency of these video sources and call admission based on leaky bucket traffic parameters are evaluated. Two layer encoding is shown to have significantly better statistical multiplexing gains than one-layer video, when the network admits calls based on a leaky-bucket characterization.
New synthetic technology for the construction of oxocenes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic technology for the construction of oxocenesK. C. Nicolaou, M. E. Duggan, and C. K. HwangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 9, 2468–2469Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00269a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00269a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Computing shortest paths for any number of hops (2002)

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a "new" path optimization problem that we denote the all hops optimal path (AHOP) problem. The problem involves identifying, for all hop counts, the optimal, i.e., minimum weight, path(s) between a given source and destination(s). The AHOP problem arises naturally in the context of quality-of-service (QoS) routing in networks, where routes (paths) need to be computed that provide services guarantees, e.g., delay or bandwidth, at the minimum possible "cost" (amount of resources required) to the network. Because service guarantees are typically provided through some form of resource allocation on the path (links) computed for a new request, the hop count, which captures the number of links over which resources are allocated, is a commonly used cost measure. As a result, a standard approach for determining the cheapest path available that meets a desired level of service guarantees is to compute a minimum hop shortest (optimal) path. Furthermore, for efficiency purposes, it is desirable to precompute such optimal minimum hop paths for all possible service requests. Providing this information gives rise to solving the AHOP problem. The paper's contributions are to investigate the computational complexity of solving the AHOP problem for two of the most prevalent cost functions (path weights) in networks, namely, additive and bottleneck weights. In particular, we establish that a solution based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm is optimal for additive weights, but show that this does not hold for bottleneck weights for which a lower complexity solution exists.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Shifting the Balance of Activating and Inhibitory Natural Killer Receptor Ligands on <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> Melanoma Lines with Vemurafenib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ERK expression of melanoma cell lines under Vemurafenib treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Benefits of Digital for Better Exploration Planning and Execution (2021)

Summary Digital technologies and innovations are disrupting our industry by bringing new cloud-native solutions to enable better planning and execution of exploration workflows. Being able to standardize a portfolio prioritization process globally; instantly ranking and updating with crucial data or market changes, is key to increasing planning efficiency and transparency. The examples provided in this paper show that those new digital solutions break down silos and enable closer collaboration between technical teams and decision-makers. The standardization of the portfolio prioritization process is expected to play a key role in dramatically reducing early and costly exploration spend by focusing on the opportunities that matter. In addition, the standardization associated with new ways of working is expected to minimize human bias and reduce competition amongst exploration teams. This is expected to have a clear impact on reducing the gap between pre- and post-drill resource estimations. Finally, capturing and sharing experience and knowledge is key for a sustainable future and we hope that these new solutions, powered by the cloud, will help in attracting and retaining key talent in the oil and gas industry.
Advances in Characterization and Utilization of Asphaltenes (2005)

A survey of the research related to petroleum asphaltenes,published over the past five years, yielded about 100 papers. The three authors of this chapter each examined the papers related most directly to their areas of specialization. 57 paperswere selected as references and their results have been summarized in three categories: asphaltene properties,asphaltene structure, and utilization. Properties and structure were discussed in view of a commonly accepted characterization of asphaltenes, that is, aggregation. Utilization was discussed in terms of catalyst development studies,pyrolysis and hydroprocessing, while reactive characterization was important to the relationship between properties and reactivities of asphaltene.
Optimal filtering of digital binary images corrupted by union/intersection noise (2005)

Digital binary image data are modeled as realizations of a uniformly bounded discrete random set, a mathematical object which can be directly defined on a finite lattice. The problem of estimating realizations of discrete random sets distorted by a degradation process that can be described by a union/interaction noise model is considered. Some theoretical justification of the popularity of certain morphological filters, namely morphological openings, closings, unions of openings, and intersections of closings is provided. The authors prove that if the signal is 'smooth', then these filters are optimal under reasonable worst-case statistical scenarios. A class of filters that arises quite naturally from the set-theoretic analysis of optimal filters is considered. It is called the class of mask filters. Both fixed and adaptive mask filters are considered, and explicit formulas for the optimal mask filter under quite general assumptions on the signal and the degradation process are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Volumetric Measurement on Fields and Densities in an Inductively Coupled AR/O2 Plasma - Experiment (2022)

Electronegative inductively coupled plasmas sustained in halogen gases are used in the microelectronics industry for etching and passivation. Pulsing is a primary control strategy for optimizing results. We report on time dependent measurements of electric and magnetic field, plasma current, and densities of different species in pulsed ICPs. Plasma are sustained in tens of mTorr Ar/O2 mixtures with the oxygen being a surrogate electronegative gas, with and without wafer bias. The stovetop coil of the ICP source can be run in steady state or a pulsed mode, 2 MHz source which does not require an impedance matching network. The RF bias to the chuck can also be pulsed with a typical bias voltage of 1 kV. A 3D probe drive system allows measurement of magnetic field and ion and electron densities throughout the plasma volume. The time evolution of electron density distributions is measured using a hairpin probe. An RF compensated Langmuir probe, calibrated against a microwave interferometer, is used to measure electron and positive ion densities and electric potential. Negative ion density is inferred from spectroscopic measurements, as well from combined laser photo-detachment and probe measurements. Results are reported for varying ratios of argon to oxygen concentrations. The comparisons with 2D calculations will be presented.
Operand Registers and Explicit Operand Forwarding (2009)

Operand register files are small, inexpensive register files that are integrated with function units in the execute stage of the pipeline, effectively extending the pipeline operand registers into register files. Explicit operand forwarding lets software opportunistically orchestrate the routing of operands through the forwarding network to avoid writing ephemeral values to registers. Both mechanisms let software capture short-term reuse and locality close to the function units, improving energy efficiency by allowing a significant fraction of operands to be delivered from inexpensive registers that are integrated with the function units. An evaluation shows that capturing operand bandwidth close to the function units allows operand registers to reduce the energy consumed in the register files and forwarding network of an embedded processor by 61%, and allows explicit forwarding to reduce the energy consumed by 26%.