gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for Squaraine Derivatives That Can Be Sublimed without Thermal Decomposition (2002)

To search for sublimable squaraine (SQ) dyes for fabricating thin films under vacuum, we have synthesized a series of 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-dialkylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraines [SQ(OH)4] and studied their properties. The investigation of the behavior of their Langmuir films at the air−water interface revealed that SQ(OH)4 molecules with branched N-alkyl groups such as sec-butyls and isobutyls have larger limiting areas and tend to form J-aggregates in the monolayers, whereas molecules with straight N-alkyl chains have smaller limiting areas and are apt to form H-aggregates. This behavior is attributable to the much larger steric hindrance of the branched N-butyl groups than that of the straight ones. The thermal stability of these dyes was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG), and their sublimation ability was evaluated through heating under vacuum. As a result, we verified that the four hydroxyls at the 2‘,6‘-positions of the two phenyl rings significantly enhanced the thermal stability and the sublimation ability of an anilino SQ dye molecule, and the introduction of branched N-butyls further promoted the sublimation ability of the target SQ(OH)4 molecules. These phenomena may be attributed to the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyls and the CO groups of the four-membered ring, and the much larger intermolecular repulsive force between branched N-alkyls, respectively. In particular, the SQ(OH)4 dye with four N-isobutyls could be sublimed without any decomposition. These results suggest that SQ(OH)4 molecule with branched N-butyls is the most effective structure for realizing a high sublimation ability. Furthermore, pure SQ dye thin films have been successfully fabricated by molecular beam deposition of the SQ(OH)4 dye with four N-isobutyls. The vacuum-deposited thin films of such SQ dyes have potential applications in various fields such as electrophotography, solar energy conversion, optical recording, and nonlinear optics.
Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Fluoride Scintillators (2012)

Fluoride single crystals have a wide band gap. Thus, we were interested in studying the scintillation properties of fluoride single crystals. We investigated the scintillation properties of fluoride crystals grown by the micro-pulling-down and annealing methods. The time required to grow crystals using these methods is lesser than that using conventional methods such as the Czochralski and Bridgman methods. Both ZnF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> exhibited small light outputs of less than 1,000 photons/MeV, while BaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and CeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> exhibited light outputs of ~ 6,000 and ~ 2,000 photons/MeV, respectively. In addition, BaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is a well-known fast scintillator, but it also has a slow component. We tested a BaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> crystal with a Ce/La co-dopant and observed the suppression of the slow component.
Convergence Analysis of Narrowband Active Noise Control (2006)

A narrowband feedforward active noise control (ANC) system consists of an adaptive filter excited by the sum of multiple sinusoids corresponding to the harmonic "frequencies of the primary noise. The convergence of this direct-form ANC system is dependent on the frequency separation between two adjacent sinusoids in the reference signal. The analysis also proves that the length of the adaptive filter required for achieving the same convergence speed decreases with an increase in frequency separation. Computer simulations are conducted to verify the analysis presented in the paper
Computational colour constancy (2002)

The colour response of a camera or of the human eye is confounded by illumination. The colours recorded under yellow and blue illuminants are respectively more yellowish and bluish than they ought to be. Removing colour bias due to illumination is called colour constancy. Opinions differ as to whether colour constancy is a reasonably well solved problem or one that is still far beyond our reach. These conflicting conclusions result from the different ways that the colour constancy problem is defined. In this paper we review the color constancy problem placing special emphasis on the different definitions used. The links between the different approaches will also be made clear.
Data from Integrated Genomic Characterization of the Human Immunome in Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Alterations in immune-related pathways are common hallmarks of cancer. A comprehensive understanding of how cancer mutations rewire immune signaling networks and functional output across cancer types is instrumental to realize the full potential of immunotherapy. Here, we systematically interrogated somatic mutations involved in immune signaling that alter immune responses in patients with cancer. To do so, we developed a Network-based Integrative model to Prioritize Potential immune respondER genes (NIPPER). Identified mutations were enriched in essential protein domains and genes identified by NIPPER were associated with responsiveness to multiple immunotherapy modalities. These genes were used to devise an interactome network propagation framework integrated with drug-associated gene signatures to identify potential immunomodulatory drug candidates. Together, our systems-level analysis results help interpret the heterogeneous immune responses among patients and serve as a resource for future functional studies and targeted therapeutics.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study demonstrates that integration of multi-omics data can help identify critical molecular determinants for effective targeted therapeutics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Electric fields in the sheath formed in a 300 mm, dual frequency capacitive argon discharge (2007)

In this paper, the spatial structure and temporal evolution of the electric fields in a sheath formed in a dual frequency, 300 mm capacitive argon discharge are measured as functions of relative mixing between a low frequency current and a high frequency current. It is found that the overall structure of the sheath (potential across the sheath and the thickness of the sheath) are dominated by the lower frequency component while (smaller) oscillations in these quantities are dictated by the higher frequency component. Finally, comparisons of the measured spatial and temporal profiles are made for Lieberman's and Robiche et al sheath model and with a particle in a cell calculation.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Nonclinical Development of Next-generation Site-specific HER2-targeting Antibody–drug Conjugate (ARX788) for Breast Cancer Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5 illustrates anti-drug antibody (ADA) titers in serum samples from the ARX788 repeat-dose cynomolgus toxicity study. Serum samples were collected pre-dose before the first and fourth ARX788 doses and during the 8-week recovery period. Samples were screened in validated methods for presence of ADA, putative positive samples were confirmed in competition assays, and confirmed positive samples were titrated to determine titer levels which were reported as the reciprocal of the dilution. The titers (at all time points) for animals with at least one confirmed positive ADA sample are shown. Significant treatment-induced ADA responses were observed in Animal 2004 with a very high ADA titer of 320000, while Animals 4505, 4003, and 4506 exhibited ADA titers of 6400, 3200, and 640, respectively. All other animals showed either transient ADA responses or ADA titer levels {less than or equal to}16. In concordance with the ADA titers, animal 2004 showed lower serum concentrations on Day 43 (by ~2-fold) and Day 64 (by ~20-fold or BLQ) when compared to other animals in the group. PK results from animals 4505, 4003, and 4506 were limited because the animals in the group did not receive 3rd and 4th doses because of adverse effects. However, the available sparse exposure results from these animals showed lower serum concentrations by 10 to &gt;100-fold when compared to other animals in the group between Day 36 to Day 120.&lt;/p&gt;
Supported Chiral Mo‐Based Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Integrated Approach to Ocean Observatory Data Acquisition/Management and Infrastructure Control Using Web Services (2004)

The proliferation of ocean observatories in the absence of agreed-upon standards for instrument and user interfaces and observatory control functions will constrain interoperability and cross-linking of disparate datasets. This will in turn limit the scientific impact of ocean observatories and increase their operating costs. Devising hardware-based standards will be difficult given the different internal architectures of existing and planned ocean observatories. This paper proposes that instrument, data, and observatory control processes be wrapped with standard web services which will provide a global software standard for these observatory functions. In addition to facilitating interoperability, state-full web services with workflow bindings for observatory instrument and data processes will enable dynamic user control of observatory configuration and the creation of multiple virtual instrument networks within one or more ocean observatories. These concepts are defined and illustrated through a number of use scenarios.
Progress of Conjugated Polymers as Emerging Thermoelectric Materials (2022)

Thanks to the combined efforts of scientists in several research fields, the preceding decade has witnessed considerable progress in the use of conjugated polymers as emerging thermoelectric materials leading to significant improvements in performance and demonstration of a number of diverse applications. Despite these recent advances, systematic assessments of the impact of molecular design on thermoelectric properties are scarce. Although several reviews marginally highlight the role of chemical structure, the understanding of structure-performance relationships is still fragmented. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and thermoelectric properties will enable the rational design of next-generation thermoelectric polymers. To this end, this review showcases the state-of-the-art thermoelectric polymers, discusses structure-performance relationships, suggests strategies for improving thermoelectric performance that go beyond molecular design, and highlights some of the most impressive applications of thermoelectric polymers.
Discovery of A Novel Her-1/Her-2 Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Her-1 Selective Inhibitor-Resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2009)

A novel series of (S)-1-acryloyl-N-[4-(arylamino)-7-(alkoxy)quinazolin-6-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamides were synthesized and evaluated as Her-1/Her-2 dual inhibitors. In contrast to the Her-1 selective inhibitors, our novel compounds are irreversible inhibitors of Her-1 and Her-2 tyrosine kinases with the potential to overcome clinically relevant, mutation-induced drug resistance. The selected compounds (19c, 19d) showed excellent EGFR inhibition activity even toward the T790M mutation of Her-1 tyrosine kinase with excellent selectivity. The excellent pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds in rats and their robust in vivo efficacy in an A431 xenograft model clearly demonstrate that they merit further investigation as novel therapeutic agents for EGFR-targeting treatment of solid tumors, especially Her-1 selective inhibitor-resistant non-small cell lung cancer.
Internal magnetostatic potentials of magnetization-graded ferromagnetic materials (2007)

The authors investigated the internal magnetic field induced by a spatially varying magnetization in a compositionally graded ferromagnet. The authors discuss results on a hexagonal ferrite sample, with a variation in saturation magnetization of 30emu∕g over a sample thickness of 2.5mm. The direct current magnetization shows a small anisotropy depending on the direction of the external magnetic field relative to the grading direction. This contribution from a grading induced magnetic field is more pronounced in alternating current susceptibility measurements. The authors find a shift in magnetic properties corresponding to an internal magnetic field of 30Oe, which is significantly lower than the predicted value of approximately 1900Oe. The authors discuss reasons for this discrepancy.
DeepDRAMA: Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Disaster Recovery with Mitigation Awareness in EONs (2021)

Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) have become a promising solution to satisfy the dramatic growth of bandwidth demand due to 5G and cloud applications. Due to the flexibility of resource allocation, EONs provide high spectrum utilization efficiency, and because of this, developing efficient policies to ensure the survivability of EONs is a challenging problem. A well-designed disaster management plan is needed to prevent data loss during network failures and large-scale disasters. The bottleneck problem caused by disabled parts of the network causes difficulties for disaster recovery. Depending on the disaster, even traffic that may be far away from the disaster may be impacted by it. In this paper, we propose a new approach to disaster management using machine learning to facilitate efficient recovery. In addition to traffic immediately affected by the disaster, all traffic which is &#x201C;close to&#x201D; the disaster is re-routed and re-assigned with possibly degraded service, while requests &#x201C;far from&#x201D; the disaster are left unaffected. A deep reinforcement learning disaster recovery algorithm with mitigation awareness (DeepDRAMA) is proposed for recovery. A novel deep reinforcement learning agent is designed and trained for the agent to select the appropriate level of service degradation for re-assigned traffic. Simulation results show the performance improvement with DeepDRAMA.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Fluorescently Labeled Sphingomyelin Derivatives Useful for Sphingomyelinase Assay. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrano(4,3‐b)indoles as Conformationally Restricted Analogues of the Serotonin Antagonist ICS 205‐930 and as Precursors to 2‐Vinylindoles. (1990)

Abstract The ethyl indole‐3‐carboxylate (I) is methylated and subsequently coupled with the ketones and aldehydes (III) to form the lactones (IV), together with the 2‐vinylindole‐3‐carboxylic acids (V).
Characterization of the Stem Cell Fraction in Pancreatobiliary Carcinomas: The Notch Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target (2018)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) are highly lethal malignancies with limited treatment options. Both a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) and the deregulation of the notch pathway have been considered potential sources of tumor formation. In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) was conducted to identify the CSC population and Notch-associated proteins in ECC and PDAC cell lines. Additionally, the treatment effect of Gemcitabine and the specific notch-inhibitor DAPT on ECC and PDAC cell lines was evaluated. Our results show that the amount of SP cells in ECC cell lines is significantly higher than in PDAC cell lines, and that SP-ECC cells show a higher sensitivity to therapy. In conclusion, inhibition of Notch signaling with DAPT may be of therapeutic value in ECC, but seems to show no effect on more aggressive PDAC. As it could be essential for the improvement in outcomes of the ECC patients, other trials are needed to determine the role of further Notch components.
Blind Single-Channel Dereverberation for Music Post-Processing (2011)

Although dereverberation can be useful in many audio applications, such techniques often introduce artifacts that are unacceptable in audio engineering scenarios. Recently, the authors have proposed a novel dereverberation approach, suitable for both speech and music signals, based on perceptual reverberation modeling. Here, the method is fine-tuned for sound engineering applications and tested for both natural and artificial reverberation. The results show that the proposed technique efficiently suppresses reverberation without introducing significant processing artifacts and the method is appropriate for the post-processing of music recordings.
Plenary presentation — Keynote I — Goldilocks failures: Not too soft, not too hard (2012)

The semiconductor industry continues to push Silicon scaling for the next ten years since no viable alternative technology is sufficiently mature in that time frame. Simultaneously, the delay in crucial technologies like UV complicates further scaling by increasing cost and imposing ever larger tolerances that erode performance and density gains. The increasing levels of variability are creating new types of circuit failures which fall between the traditional "hard" and "soft" categories. This phenomena has been observed for some time in SRAM, but it is now seen in other sensitive circuits like latches. Studying this behavior leads to two important research opportunities: bridging the gap between performance prediction and test, as well as preparing the CAD and Test communities for future post-CMOS technologies.
IL-32 expression in the airway epithelial cells of patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (2011)

Lung disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) organisms is increasing. A greater understanding of the host immune response to MAC organisms will provide a foundation to develop novel therapies for these recalcitrant infections. IL-32 is a newly described pro-inflammatory cytokine that enhances host immunity against various microbial pathogens. Cytokines that induce IL-32 such as interferon-gamma, IL-18, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are of considerable importance to mycobacterial immunity. We performed immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis to quantify IL-32 expression in the lungs of 11 patients with MAC lung disease and 10 controls with normal lung tissues. After normalizing for basement membrane length, there was a profound increase in IL-32 expression in the airway epithelial cells of the MAC-infected lungs compared with controls. Following normalization for alveolar surface area, there was a trend toward increased IL-32 expression in type II alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages in the lungs of MAC patients. Human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) infected with M. avium produced IL-32 by a nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent mechanism. In both BEAS-2B cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages, exogenous IL-32γ significantly reduced the growth of intracellular M. avium. This finding was corroborated by an increase in the number of intracellular M. avium recovered from THP-1 monocytes silenced for endogenous IL-32 expression. The anti-mycobacterial effect of IL-32 may be due, in part, to increased apoptosis of infected cells. These findings indicate that IL-32 facilitates host defense against MAC organisms but may also contribute to the airway inflammation associated with MAC pulmonary disease.
Modulation of oxidative stability of haemoglobin inside liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin (2012)

The major hurdle in the formulation of liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin (LEH) is the oxidation of haemoglobin (Hb) into methaemoglobin during storage and after administration. In order to reduce this oxidative degradation, we tested various reducing conditions in the presence of catalase. We found that at 37°C more than 50% of Hb oxidized to methaemoglobin within 24 h, whereas in presence of catalase, the oxidation was significantly reduced. The effect of catalase was further enhanced by a reduction mixture containing β-NAD, d-glucose, adenine, inosine, MgCl2, KCl, KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4; only 14% methaemoglobin was generated in the presence of catalase and reduction mixture. Contrary to the expectation, glutathione, deferoxamine and homocysteine enhanced Hb oxidation. The presence of CRM inside liposomes (250 nm) significantly decreased Hb oxidation. The results suggest that catalase and a well-defined mixture of co-factors may help control Hb oxidation for improvement in the functional life of LEH.
The Microboiling Processes of FC-72 in a Confined Space (2008)

This paper is motivated by the need for efficient control of liquid sprays and presents an experimental effort to characterize the microboiling process of FC-72 in confined micro-heaters. The experimental set up consists of commercial Thermal Ink Jet (TIJ) heads used to boil degassed FC-72 inside a confined chamber with a transparent viewing window. The micro-boiling process is illuminated by a flash lamp and a CCD camera attached to a microscope captures images of the bubble’s growth. Image processing software provides precise quantitative information about the position and projected area of the bubble. The energy ranges applied to the microheater are 5.61μJ to 17.2μJ per pulse. Nucleation times were found to be in the range of 1.2 – 2.4 μs leading to a rapid growth followed by a small shrink from 4–5 μs. Maximum bubble sizes ranged from 1.2 – 2 times larger than the heater area. A faster nucleation time and longer bubble lifecycle are observed for FC-72 when compared to water which is attributed to the lower boiling point and latent heat of FC-72.
MRI dynamic color mapping: a new quantitative technique for imaging soft tissue motion in the orbit. (2000)

MRI-DCM allows noninvasive and quantitative measurement of soft tissue motion and the changes in motion due to pathologic conditions. In cases in which the diagnosis of a tumor in the apex is in doubt, it may reduce the need for biopsy. In contrast to static computed tomographic (CT) scans and MRIs, it can differentiate between juxtaposition and continuity and may be a new and promising tool in the differential diagnosis of intraorbital lesions.
Design of Collaborative Codes Achieving Space-Time Diversity (2007)

In wireless networks, the use of collaboration has been shown to provide an increase in reliability due to an increase in diversity. Specifically it has been shown that by having a variable time fraction where the relay(s) listen to the source, one can approach the performance of traditional space-time systems. In this paper, a practically realizable coding scheme is introduced. This scheme provides a framework whereupon we can study and analyze the application of well-known error control codes within this network protocol. Using the pairwise error probability, design criteria are developed. Simulation results show the diversity gain as well as the coding gain of simple collaborative codes versus traditional space-time codes.