gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic properties of cast films from propylene elastomers (2007)

Abstract Propylene‐rich ethylene–propylene copolymers (P‐E elastomers) made using metallocene catalysts exhibit excellent elastic properties, including high elongation to break and low tension set, particularly when blended with polyethylene or polypropylene and then compression molded. During film casting, the orientation imposed on a P‐E elastomer lowers the extensibility and elastic recovery of films prepared from either neat P‐E or P‐E blends. A reduction in elongation to break of P‐E films, with or without blending, was found to correlate with an increase in planar birefringence. The presence of dispersed phases of PP or high density polyethylene in P‐E blends, which are drawn into elongated ellipsoids aligned in the machine direction, further reduces the recovery of these P‐E blends. This reduction in elastic recovery for films made from P‐E blends with aligned ellipsoidal dispersions was attributed to strain amplification around the dispersed particles in accordance with finite element simulation results, and was directly related to the dispersion tip radius. Films from P‐E elastomer blended with high density polyethylene (high interfacial tension) were demonstrated to have lower planar orientation in addition to reduced dispersion deformation, and, therefore, better elastic properties, versus films in which the P‐E elastomer was blended with PP (low interfacial tension). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Intravital imaging of intestinal lacteals unveils lipid drainage through contractility (2015)

Lacteals are lymphatic vessels located at the center of each intestinal villus and provide essential transport routes for lipids and other lipophilic molecules. However, it is unclear how absorbed molecules are transported through the lacteal. Here, we used reporter mice that express GFP under the control of the lymphatic-specific promoter Prox1 and a custom-built confocal microscope and performed intravital real-time visualization of the absorption and transport dynamics of fluorescence-tagged fatty acids (FAs) and various exogenous molecules in the intestinal villi in vivo. These analyses clearly revealed transepithelial absorption of these molecules via enterocytes, diffusive distribution over the lamina propria, and subsequent transport through lacteals. Moreover, we observed active contraction of lacteals, which seemed to be directly involved in dietary lipid drainage. Our analysis revealed that the smooth muscles that surround each lacteal are responsible for contractile dynamics and that lacteal contraction is ultimately controlled by the autonomic nervous system. These results indicate that the lacteal is a unique organ-specific lymphatic system and does not merely serve as a passive conduit but as an active pump that transports lipids. Collectively, using this efficient imaging method, we uncovered drainage of absorbed molecules in small intestinal villus lacteals and the involvement of lacteal contractibility.
Audio-Visual Speaker Diarization Based on Spatiotemporal Bayesian Fusion (2017)

Speaker diarization consists of assigning speech signals to people engaged in a dialogue. An audio-visual spatiotemporal diarization model is proposed. The model is well suited for challenging scenarios that consist of several participants engaged in multi-party interaction while they move around and turn their heads towards the other participants rather than facing the cameras and the microphones. Multiple-person visual tracking is combined with multiple speech-source localization in order to tackle the speech-to-person association problem. The latter is solved within a novel audio-visual fusion method on the following grounds: binaural spectral features are first extracted from a microphone pair, then a supervised audio-visual alignment technique maps these features onto an image, and finally a semi-supervised clustering method assigns binaural spectral features to visible persons. The main advantage of this method over previous work is that it processes in a principled way speech signals uttered simultaneously by multiple persons. The diarization itself is cast into a latent-variable temporal graphical model that infers speaker identities and speech turns, based on the output of an audio-visual association process, executed at each time slice, and on the dynamics of the diarization variable itself. The proposed formulation yields an efficient exact inference procedure. A novel dataset, that contains audio-visual training data as well as a number of scenarios involving several participants engaged in formal and informal dialogue, is introduced. The proposed method is thoroughly tested and benchmarked with respect to several state-of-the art diarization algorithms.
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Magnetic-Resonance-Guided Brain Tumor Resection (2003)

Interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to make a profound impact on the practice of neurosurgery. We describe a new MRI modality, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which uses the diffusion energy of water to map white matter fibers. DTI has been established in other disorders such as metabolic, demyelinating and ischemic diseases. We describe the use of DTI in identifying white matter tracts such as optic radiations and avoiding them intraoperatively in 2 children with low-grade glial tumors.
Mechanistic Study of Electrooxidation of Ethanol on PtSn Nanoparticles in Alkaline and Acid Media (2015)

In this study, we report on the structure-to-property relationship for PtSn ethanol electrooxidation catalysts in alkaline and acid environment. Relationship between surface chemistry, as determined by XPS and electrochemical performance in both acid and alkaline media, is facilitated by multivariate analysis. Upon transitioning from acidic to an alkaline environment, changes in the material structure and electrochemical reaction mechanisms are observed. Electrocatalysts containing larger particles with larger relative amounts of metallic Pt and Sn perform better in acid indicating inner-sphere electron transfer reaction on active PtSn alloy phase. PtSn electrocatalysts containing larger amounts of oxidized Pt and Sn perform better in alkaline indicating that hydroxyl species that are natively present on oxidized Pt and Sn are promoting an outer-sphere electron transfer.
NK-Cell Recruitment Is Necessary for Eradication of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis with an IL12-Expressing Maraba Virus Cellular Vaccine (2017)

Despite improvements in chemotherapy and radical surgical debulking, peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) remains among the most common causes of death from abdominal cancers. Immunotherapies have been effective for selected solid malignancies, but their potential in PC has been little explored. Here, we report that intraperitoneal injection of an infected cell vaccine (ICV), consisting of autologous tumor cells infected <i>ex vivo</i> with an oncolytic Maraba MG1 virus expressing IL12, promotes the migration of activated natural killer (NK) cells to the peritoneal cavity in response to the secretion of IFNγ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) from dendritic cells. The recruitment of cytotoxic, IFNγ-secreting NK cells was associated with reduced tumor burden and improved survival in a colon cancer model of PC. Even in mice with bulky PC (tumors > 8 mm), a complete radiologic response was demonstrated within 8 to14 weeks, associated with 100% long-term survival. The impact of MG1-IL12-ICV upon NK-cell recruitment and function observed in the murine system was recapitulated in human lymphocytes exposed to human tumor cell lines infected with MG1-IL12. These findings suggest that an MG1-IL12-ICV is a promising therapy that could provide benefit to the thousands of patients diagnosed with PC each year. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(3); 211-21. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Cryogenic Fab-on-a-Chip Sticks the Landing (2017)

Using a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based Fab-on-a-Chip, we quench-condense lead thin-films. Suppressing the formation of lead islands makes it possible to grow a homogeneous and continuous film as thin as 2 nm, without the use of an adhesion layer. Thermal cycling from 3 K to as low as 10 K reveals irreversible annealing of the thin-film characteristic of a metastable state. The transition to the stable state is smooth and is completed by cycling the temperature above ∼42 K, where a distinctive resistance minimum is observed. This resistive minimum is accompanied by an unexpected peak in the superconducting transition temperature. After further thermal cycling, the standard metallic/superconductive behavior is established. The MEMS-based approach yields a platform for systematic studies of quench-condensed thin-film materials, making an intriguing parameter space of mesoscopic physics experimentally accessible.
Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from Distinguishing Inflammation from Tumor and Peritumoral Edema by Myeloperoxidase Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from Distinguishing Inflammation from Tumor and Peritumoral Edema by Myeloperoxidase Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Subharmonic scattering of phospholipid-shell microbubbles as a function of hydrostatic pressure (2012)

Subharmonic scattering of phospholipid-shell microbubbles excited at very low acoustic pressure amplitudes has been associated with echo responses from compression-only bubbles. These bubbles are near a tension-free buckling state at rest and have initial surface tension values close to zero. In this work, subharmonic scattering of phospholipid microbubbles was investigated as a function of the initial surface tension, which was controlled by changing the hydrostatic pressure through the application of an ambient overpressure. Echo responses from a dilution of an experimental contrast agent were measured as a function of ambient overpressure ranging between 0 to 140 mmHg. The microbubbles were excited using a 64-cycle Tukey-windowed transmit burst with a center frequency of 4 MHz and peak-negative pressure of 50 kPa. Echo-power spectra were calculated, and the subharmonic response was determined for each overpressure value; the subharmonic amplitude increased by 20 dB after applying 140 mmHg overpressure (for which the initial surface tension was assumed to be near zero). In this study, an increase in subharmonic amplitude, instead of a decrease as reported by others [Shi et al., UMB 1999], was measured as a function of ambient overpressure. This observation may be exploited in a new method for noninvasive pressure measurement.
Comparison of simultaneously measured perfusion and BOLD signal increases during brain activation with T1‐based tissue identification (2000)

Perfusion and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals were simultaneously measured during a finger-tapping task at 3T using QUIPSS II with thin-slice TI1 periodic saturation, a modified pulsed arterial spin labeling technique that provides quantitative measurement of perfusion. Perfusion and BOLD signal changes due to motor activation were obtained and correlated with the T1 values estimated from echo-planar imaging (EPI)-based T1 maps on a voxel-by-voxel basis. The peak perfusion signal occurs in voxels with a T1 of brain parenchyma while the peak BOLD signal occurs in voxels with a T1 characteristic of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The locations of the peak signals of functional BOLD and perfusion only partially overlap on the order of 40%. Perfusion activation maps will likely represent the sites of neuronal activity better than do BOLD activation maps. Magn Reson Med 44:137–143, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mehr Fokus und Disziplin zur Umsetzung guter Ideen (2000)

Fast alle Simple Grower haben, wenn man ihre Aktivitäten genau betrachtet, eine große Menge guter Ideen. In vielen Fällen ist gerade diese Kreativität ihr Problem, weil sie es nicht schaffen, die richtigen Ideen auszuwählen und nur diese dann auch vollständig und konsequent umzusetzen. Recht häufig ist dieses Phänomen in Zeiten überdurchschnittlichen volkswirtschaftlichen Wachstums zu beobachten, wie in West-Deutschland in den 50er Jahren, in Japan in den 70ern, in Süd-Korea in den 80ern oder in Silicon Valley in den 90ern.
The future of technologies for personalised medicine (2012)

Personalised medicine promises prediction, prevention and treatment of illness that is targeted to individuals’ needs. New technologies for detailed biological profiling of individuals at the molecular level have been crucial in initiating the move to personalised medicine; further novel technologies will be necessary if the vision is to become a reality. We will need to develop new technologies to collect and analyse data in a way that is not just linear but integrated (understanding system level functioning) and dynamic (understanding system in flux). Key factors in the development of technologies for personalised medicine are standardisation, integration and harmonisation. For example, the tools and processes for data collection and analysis must be standardised across research sites. Research activity at different sites must be integrated to maximise synergies, and scientific research must be integrated with healthcare to ensure effective translation. There must also be harmonisation between scientific practices in different research sites, between science and healthcare and between science, healthcare and wider society, including the ethical and regulatory frameworks, the prevailing political and cultural ethos and the expectations of patients/citizens.
Staggered Sampling for Energy Efficient Data Collection (2006)

Efficient and complete data collection is one of the most important tasks in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks. Additionally, the collection of the full data set should be performed in the most resource efficient way, thus prolonging the battery lifetime of the network. We introduce a new approach for energy efficient data collection through the use of staggered sampling. Staggered sampling means that at each sampling moment (epoch) only a small percentage of sensors collect (sample) data. The proposed approach leverages on statistical relationships between samples taken from different sensors and/or at different epochs for the prediction of the non-sampled sensor data. The main goal of the approach is to ensure complete collection of data during a periodic cycle while minimizing the number of sensor readings collected at any point in time. Complete data collection is confirmed by ensuring that each sensor is either sampled at each epoch or the data sample can be accurately recovered though model prediction of the sampled sensors. The proposed approach consists of two main phases. First, efficient modeling of the prediction relationship between two sensors using kernel smoothing over different time lags is performed. Second, the selection of epochs at which each sensor is to sample the data is determined. A 0-1 integer linear programming formulation is used to address this NP-complete assignment problem optimally on relatively large instances. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on traces from actually deployed networks for sensor of two modalities: temperature and humidity.
Suppression of Adaptive Responses to Targeted Cancer Therapy by Transcriptional Repression (2017)

Acquired drug resistance is a major factor limiting the effectiveness of targeted cancer therapies. Targeting tumors with kinase inhibitors induces complex adap- tive programs that promote the persistence of a fraction of the original cell population, facilitating the eventual outgrowth of inhibitor-resistant tumor clones. We show that the addition of a newly identified CDK7/12 inhibitor, THZ1, to targeted therapy enhances cell killing and impedes the emergence of drug-resistant cell populations in diverse cellular and in vivo cancer models. We propose that targeted therapy induces a state of transcriptional dependency in a subpopulation of cells poised to become drug tolerant, which THZ1 can exploit by blocking dynamic transcriptional responses, promoting remodeling of enhancers and key signaling outputs required for tumor cell survival in the setting of targeted therapy. These findings suggest that the addition of THZ1 to targeted therapies is a promising broad-based strategy to hinder the emergence of drug-resistant cancer cell populations. SIGNIFICANCE: CDK7/12 inhibition prevents active enhancer formation at genes, promoting resistance emergence in response to targeted therapy, and impedes the engagement of transcriptional programs required for tumor cell survival. CDK7/12 inhibition in combination with targeted cancer therapies may serve as a therapeutic paradigm for enhancing the effectiveness of targeted therapies.
Synthesis of the Louisianin Alkaloid Family via a 1,2,4-Triazine Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels−Alder Approach (2009)

Isolated in 1995, the four members of the louisianin family (A, B, C and D) are simple pyridine and 2-pyridone alkaloids that display both antibacterial and anticancer activity. Herein we describe the synthesis of all four members of the louisianin family, from a conveniently prepared 1,2,4-triazine and via a common tetrasubstituted pyridine intermediate. This study includes the synthesis of louisianin B in both racemic form and as the (-)-enantiomer.
A 1-M bit SRAM on SIMOX material (2002)

A 1-M bit SRAM with 0.8 um feature sizes has been successfully fabricated using SIMOX material. The advantages of SOI for low capacitance, latch-up immunity, and reduced collection charge for single events have been long recognized. The demonstration of a 1-M SRAM at 0.8 um is a significant milestone in the evaluation of the technology for fabrication of very large scale integrated circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Use of Cation‐Exchange Ion Chromatography in the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Detectors in Chromatographic Separations Classes of Cations of Interest in the Pharmaceutical Industry that do not have Chromophores Cation-Exchange Stationary Phases Conclusion Appendix: Other Published Applications with the Cation-Exchange Columns Discussed above References
Internet access via LEO satellite networks: TCP/IP or ATM? (2003)

This paper looks at the problem of using either ATM or TCP/IP for low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. It is shown that neither ATM nor TCP/IP, on their own, can provide a satisfactory service for all different kinds of channel conditions. TCP/IP behaves very well when channel conditions are ideal but ATM outperforms TCP/IP when channel conditions begin to degrade. Our results suggest that a hybrid solution may be necessary where the scheme used can adapt to the changing channel conditions. We also outline a simple approach to improve the performance of TCP/IP.
Bipotential mouse embryonic liver stem cell lines contribute to liver regeneration and differentiate as bile ducts and hepatocytes (2004)

Cell lines have many advantages: they can be manipulated genetically, expanded, and stockpiled for organ transplantation. Freshly isolated hepatocytes, oval cells, pancreatic cells, and hematopoietic stem cells have been shown to repopulate the damaged liver. Here we show that bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) stem cell lines participate in liver regeneration in albumin-urokinase plasminogen activator/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (Alb-uPA/SCID) transgenic mice. In the liver, BMEL-GFP cells proliferate and differentiate into both hepatocytes and bile ducts, forming small to large clusters detected throughout the 3-8 weeks analyzed after transplantation. Moreover, they respond like host cells to signals for growth, differentiation, and even zonal expression of metabolic enzymes, showing regulated expression of cytokeratins and liver-enriched transcription factors. Immunostaining for MHC class I molecules revealed that cells do not coexpress donor and recipient H-2 haplotypes, as would be the case had cell fusion occurred. This report shows that immortalized stem cell lines not only are competent to participate in the repair of a damaged tissue but also can differentiate into the two major epithelial cell types of a complex organ, hepatocytes and bile ducts.
An unusual presentation of isolated optic nerve sarcoidosis. (1983)

A 32-year old diabetic female had unilateral reduced vision (20/30) in an eye having the ophthalmoscopic appearance of papillophlebitis of the optic nerve head. After an apparently benign course, with recovery, the optic disc became edematous again and a central retinal vein occlusion blinded the eye. Thereafter, an avascular bilobed mass progressively protruded from the optic nerve head. Computerized tomography demonstrated uniform thickening of the optic nerve from the globe through the optic canal. The radiographic appearance was consistent with an optic nerve glioma or meningioma. Spinal fluid, chest x-ray, and serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity were normal. Tuberculin skin test was positive. Optic nerve biopsy demonstrated a noncaseating granuloma and a subsequent Kveim test was positive. Isolated optic nerve sarcoidosis may exist without other systemic manifestations. The appearance on computerized tomography may be similar to that of an optic nerve glioma or meningioma.
Data management for a smart earth (2006)

The Swiss National Competence Center for Research in mobile Information and Communication Systems (NCCR-MICS or MICS) is one of several research initiatives sponsored by the Swiss National Science Foundation to promote long term research projects in areas of vital strategic importance for the evolution of science in Switzerland, for the country's economy and for Swiss society. NCCR-MICS covers a wide spectrum of topics in the area of mobile information and communication systems ranging from information theory related to ad-hoc sensor networks to business models for pervasive computing, including network and routing issues, software and application development, and actual deployments of sensor networks (from architecture to geology). In this paper, we briefly present MICS as a whole and discuss in some detail two ambitious projects in the area of data management. The first project, XTream, addresses the whole life cycle of sensor based applications from the acquisition by sensors, aggregation and integration in gateways, storage in databases, generation of events that are relevant to users and applications, up to the subscription and consumption of events in a distributed architecture. The second project is Global Sensor Networks (GSN), which aims at enabling the rapid and efficient publication, sharing and interoperability of heterogeneous sensor data sources over large networks such as the Internet and P2P overlays.
<title>Study of the human recognition of images to evaluate current performance measures</title> (1995)

Current performance measures for thermal imagers relate only indirectly to human recognition. However, as the probability of recognizing an image may be used as a measure of image quality, the relationship described in this work could contribute to the formation of a new objective performance measure for thermal imaging systems. The human recognition probabilities of several degraded shapes have been evaluated using computer generated images displayed on a computer monitor. The shapes investigated were blurred by convolving them with a range of two dimensional Gaussian functions. In subsequent trials, these blurred images were further degraded by sampling (in order to simulate the effect of detector arrays in an imager). Images of degraded shapes were presented to observers in a random order and with a random degradation. After each presentation the observer decided which was the most likely shape to represent the image displayed on the screen. A correlation has been found between the probability of recognition of a particular degraded shape and the relative contrast between the image of that shape and a similarly degraded circle of the same area. This is true whether the degradation is due to blurring alone or to blurring followed by sampling.