gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular structure and morphology of crosslinked polyethylene in an aged hot‐water pipe (1990)

Abstract Internally pressurized crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) pipes fail according to one of the three following mechanisms: (a) stage I fracture occurs at the highest stresses and is ductile when large defects are absent; (b) stage II fracture is brittle and occurs at intermediate stress levels; (c) stage III fracture occurs at the lowest stress levels and is brittle. It has been assumed that the material in a pipe which fails according to the last mechanism is chemically degraded. This paper presents data obtained by thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography on samples taken at different radial positions from a pipe of XLPE (crosslinked by peroxide) which failed according to the stage III mechanism after 17,136 h when subjected to 2.62 MPa hoop stress at 110°C (internal water/external air). These data are compared with data from samples of an unexposed reference pipe. Highly degraded brown spots, referred to as “oxidation spots”, are visible in the aged pipe. The puncture fracture occurred in one of these oxidation spots. The increase in melting point and crystallinity, the decrease in fold surface free energy, the almost invariant crystal unit cell, the decrease in gel content, the decrease in molecular weight of the soluble fraction and the formation of carbonyl arid hydroxyl groups at the inner wall in the aged pipe compared with the properties of the unexposed pipe are consistent with an oxidative degradation of the amorphous chain segments including scission of entangled chains and interlamellar tie chains. The latter is the main reason for the major reduction in strength of the aged pipe leading to stage III failure. The thickness of the inner wall layer of highly oxidized material was about 5 mm in the oxidation spots and only 0.5 mm elsewhere in the aged 10 mm thick pipe.
Human Papillomavirus 42 Drives Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma and Elicits a Germ Cell–like Program Conserved in HPV-Positive Cancers (2022)

We identify HPV42 as a uniform driver of DPA and add a new member to the short list of tumorigenic viruses in humans. We discover that all oncogenic HPVs evoke a germ cell-like transcriptional program with important implications for detecting, diagnosing, and treating all HPV-driven cancers. See related commentary by Starrett et al., p. 17. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
Adult Pancreatic Hemangioma: Case Report and Literature Review (2009)

We report an adult pancreatic hemangioma diagnosed on pathological specimen review following pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for a symptomatic cystic mass in the head of the pancreas. Eight cases of adult pancreatic hemangioma have been reported in literature since 1939. Presenting symptoms, radiographic diagnosis, pathologic characteristics, and treatment of adult pancreatic hemagiomas are discussed following review of all published cases.
Antifilarial Vaccine Development: Present and Future Approaches (2012)

Human onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are serious neglected tropical diseases causing blindness and chronic disability in the developing world. Onchocerca volvulus, which causes onchocerciasis, and Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, which cause lymphatic filariasis, are the center of the long-term objective of elimination through mass drug administration (MDA) programs directed at reducing parasite transmission and morbidity. However, formidable technical and logistical obstacles, including the possible emergence of drug resistance, must be overcome before the goal of elimination can be attained. This has led to a call for complementary approaches that include vaccine development that targets the infective-stage larvae. Importantly, protective immunity against Onchocerca and lymphatic filariae larvae has now been definitively demonstrated in humans, cattle, and animal models, thereby providing the conceptual underpinnings that vaccines can be produced against these infections. Moreover, several recombinant vaccine antigens have been identified that are capable of inducing a significant yet partial reduction in the survival of challenge larvae using experimental animal models. The recent advances and future prospective for the development of vaccines against both onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are reviewed.
Evidence of spin-orbital angular momentum interactions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (2019)

The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons ($K^{*0}$ and $ϕ$) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element $ρ_{00}$ is measured at midrapidity ($|y|
Electronic spectroscopy of d8-d8 diplatinum complexes. 1A2u (d.sigma.* .fwdarw. p.sigma.), 3Eu (dxz,dyz .fwdarw. p.sigma.), and 3,1B2u (d.sigma.* .fwdarw. dx2-y2) excited states of tetrakis(diphosphonato)diplatinate(4-), Pt2(P2O5H2)44- (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic spectroscopy of d8-d8 diplatinum complexes. 1A2u (d.sigma.* .fwdarw. p.sigma.), 3Eu (dxz,dyz .fwdarw. p.sigma.), and 3,1B2u (d.sigma.* .fwdarw. dx2-y2) excited states of tetrakis(diphosphonato)diplatinate(4-), Pt2(P2O5H2)44-Albert E. Stiegman, Steven F. Rice, Harry B. Gray, and Vincent M. MiskowskiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 7, 1112–1116Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00254a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00254a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views398Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Navion: A 2mW Fully Integrated Real-Time Visual-Inertial Odometry Accelerator for Autonomous Navigation of Nano Drones (2018)

This paper presents Navion, an energy-efficient accelerator for visual-inertial odometry (VIO) that enables autonomous navigation of miniaturized robots (e.g., nano drones), and virtual/augmented reality on portable devices. The chip uses inertial measurements and mono/stereo images to estimate the drone's trajectory and a 3D map of the environment. This estimate is obtained by running a state-of-the-art VIO algorithm based on non-linear factor graph optimization, which requires large irregularly structured memories and heterogeneous computation flow. To reduce the energy consumption and footprint, the entire VIO system is fully integrated on chip to eliminate costly off-chip processing and storage. This work uses compression and exploits both structured and unstructured sparsity to reduce on-chip memory size by 4.1$\times$. Parallelism is used under tight area constraints to increase throughput by 43%. The chip is fabricated in 65nm CMOS, and can process 752$\times$480 stereo images from EuRoC dataset in real-time at 20 frames per second (fps) consuming only an average power of 2mW. At its peak performance, Navion can process stereo images at up to 171 fps and inertial measurements at up to 52 kHz, while consuming an average of 24mW. The chip is configurable to maximize accuracy, throughput and energy-efficiency trade-offs and to adapt to different environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fully integrated VIO system in an ASIC.
Rat race (2005)

Living in poorly maintained accommodation, students may find themselves playing host to hundreds of unwelcome visitors--rats. <b>Ellen Welch</b> and <b>Geoff Gill</b> give you the lowdown on these common pests
Phase clustering and transition to phase synchronization in a large number of coupled nonlinear oscillators (2001)

The transition to phase synchronization in systems consisting of a large number (N) of coupled nonlinear oscillators via the route of phase clustering (phase synchronization among subsets of oscillators) is investigated. We elucidate the mechanism for the merger of phase clusters and find an algebraic scaling between the critical coupling parameter required for phase synchronization and N. Our result implies that, in realistic situations, phase clustering may be more prevalent than full phase synchronization.
Music Recommender Adapting Implicit Context Using ‘renso’ Relation among Linked Data (2014)

The existing music recommendation systems rely on user's contexts or content analysis to satisfy the users' music playing needs. They achieved a certain degree of success and inspired future researches to get more progress. However, a cold start problem and the limitation to the similar music have been pointed out. Therefore, this paper proposes a unique recommendation method using a ‘renso’ alignment among Linked Data, aiming to realize the music recommendation agent in smartphone. We first collect data from Last.fm, Yahoo! Local, Twitter and LyricWiki, and create a large scale of Linked Open Data (LOD), then create the ‘renso’ relation on the LOD and select the music according to the context. Finally, we confirmed an evaluation result demonstrating its accuracy and serendipity.
Liquid-Crystalline Derivatives of S-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol (1987)

Abstract A wide variety of liquid-crystalline derivatives of S-β-citronellol (S-3,7-dimethyloct-6-ene-1-ol) were prepared and found to exhibit ferroelectric smectic phases. The S-β-citronellol was initially hydrogenated to produce S-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol (3M7M8OH). This in turn was either brominated, oxidized, or used in an unchanged form to synthesize a range of materials, many of which exhibited smectic C* phases. The magnitude of the spontaneous polarization for a number of these derivatives was measured. Generally, the materials reported were found to have values for their spontaneous polarizations in the range of 5 to 15 nCcm−2. Many of the materials were also found to have short helical pitches in their C* phases, making them useful as unwinding agents in ferroelectric mixtures.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Genetic Heterogeneity and Tissue-specific Patterns of Tumors with Multiple <i>PIK3CA</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Read support for double-PIK3CA mutation pairs in the determination of cis/trans status.&lt;/p&gt;
Membrane Bioreactors for High-Performance Fermentations (1985)

Membrane bioreactors provide an opportunity to vastly improve the productivity of fermentations by (a) converting batch processes into continuous processes, (b) maintaining very high cell concentrations in the system, (c) allowing high dilution (i.e., flow) rates with complete substrate conversion, and (d) removing inhibitory end-products continuously. The Membrane Recycle Fermentor, where the membrane module forms a semi-closed loop with a conventional fermentation vessel, appears to give much better performance than the Hollow Fiber bioreactors, where the microbial cells are loaded onto the shell-side and the feed is pumped through the tube side. Further advantages of this system are that the product stream is free of cells and particulates and capital expenditure for fermentation equipment can be dramatically reduced.
Beyond 40-GHz Return-to-Zero Optical Pulse-Train Generation Using a Phase Modulator and Polarization-Maintaining Fiber (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We demonstrate chirp-free high-speed return-to-zero optical pulse-train generation with a repetition rate of 40 and 80 GHz using a phase modulator driven by an electrical clock at half frequency and a single piece of polarization-maintaining fiber. </para>
Entity consolidation and alignment in semi-structured data sources (2006)

A large portion of collected data is stored in semi-structured form, i.e., organized or related through columns or lists but without any formal schema or metadata. For example, many government organizations and companies feature employee directories and project affiliations in HTML tables on their websites. Making sense of these requires automatic methods for data alignment, matching and/or merging. Here, we describe Guspin, a tool for automatically consolidating entities and for aligning data across semi-structured data sources. Our project, based on principles of information theory, measures the relative importance of data, leveraging them to quantify the similarity between entities. We have applied our technology to discover duplicates and perform alignments for data sources provided by the Environmental Protection Agency and California environmental agencies.
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors with Ultrafast Laser Enhanced Rayleigh Backscattering Profiles for Real-Time Monitoring of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operations (2017)

This paper reports a technique to enhance the magnitude and high-temperature stability of Rayleigh back-scattering signals in silica fibers for distributed sensing applications. With femtosecond laser radiation, more than 40-dB enhancement of Rayleigh backscattering signal was generated in silica fibers using 300-nJ laser pulses at 250 kHz repetition rate. The laser-induced Rayleigh scattering defects were found to be stable from the room temperature to 800 °C in hydrogen gas. The Rayleigh scatter at high temperatures was correlated to the formation and modification of nanogratings in the fiber core. Using optical fibers with enhanced Rayleigh backscattering profiles as distributed temperature sensors, we demonstrated real-time monitoring of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operations with 5-mm spatial resolution at 800 °C. Information gathered by these fiber sensor tools can be used to verify simulation results or operated in a process-control system to improve the operational efficiency and longevity of SOFC-based energy generation systems.
Illuminating the druggable genome through patent bioactivity data (2023)

The patent literature is a potentially valuable source of bioactivity data. In this article we describe a process to prioritise 3.7 million life science relevant patents obtained from the SureChEMBL database (https://www.surechembl.org/), according to how likely they were to contain bioactivity data for potent small molecules on less-studied targets, based on the classification developed by the Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) project. The overall goal was to select a smaller number of patents that could be manually curated and incorporated into the ChEMBL database. Using relatively simple annotation and filtering pipelines, we have been able to identify a substantial number of patents containing quantitative bioactivity data for understudied targets that had not previously been reported in the peer-reviewed medicinal chemistry literature. We quantify the added value of such methods in terms of the numbers of targets that are so identified, and provide some specific illustrative examples. Our work underlines the potential value in searching the patent corpus in addition to the more traditional peer-reviewed literature. The small molecules found in these patents, together with their measured activity against the targets, are now accessible <i>via</i> the ChEMBL database.
Localized Ablation of Thyroid Tissue by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: an Alternative to Surgery? (2006)

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device to obtain a localised destruction of the thyroid with no damage to adjacent tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ewe model was used because its thyroid gland is easily accessible with ultrasound. The animals were anaesthetised with 10 mg / kg IV injection of Penthothal. The HIFU pulses were generated by a 3‐MHz spherical transducer under ultrasound guidance. Macroscopic and microscopic tissue lesions were identified after formalin fixation of the anterior part of the ewe’s neck. RESULTS: After determining the optimal instrument settings to obtain localized thyroid ablation, the repeatability of the method was evaluated using a HIFU prototype designed specifically for human use: in 13 ewes (26 treated lobes), an average of 20 (range: 14–27) ultrasound pulses (pulse duration: 3 s) per lobe covering a mean volume of 0.5 cm3 (range: 0.3–0.7 cm3) were delivered. The ewes were sacrificed 2–5 weeks after treatment delivery. No damage to the nerves, trachea, esophagus or muscle was observed. Only 3 ewes suffered superficial skin burns. The desired thyroid lesions were obtained in 25/26 treated lobes, as demonstrated by fibrotic tissues, which replaced necrotic areas. CONCLUSION: These results obtained in the ewe model show that thyroid lesions of defined volume can be induced safely and suggest that the HIFU device is now ready for human trials.
Prediction and measurement of fatigue of lifetime distributions for elastomeric biomaterials (1984)

Abstract Synthetic polymer biomaterials being considered for cardiovascular applications must perform under conditions of large cyclic deformations for long lifetimes. In designing with these materials and eventually qualifying them clinically, it would be extremely helpful to be able to predict the fatigue lifetimes accurately and reliably. In this article a calculational format is presented which predicts the lifetime distribution function for elastomeric sheets undergoing tension–tension fatigue. From a knowledge of the intrinsic tensile strength distribution and the effect of an “equivalent” edge flaw size on the tensile strength, the inherent flaw size distribution is determined. A tearing energy concept is utilized to determine the flaw growth law constants. Each of these three short‐term tests provides a pair of constants which, taken together, permit calculation of the fatigue lifetime distribution. When compared using Kolmogoroff statistics, experimental tensile–tensile fatigue results at 0.01 cps agreed well with the theoretically predicted lifetime distribution function.
Chemical Stability of the Fiber Coating Matrix Interface in Silicon‐Based Ceramic Matrix Composites (1995)

Carbon and boron nitride are used as fiber coatings in silicon‐based composites. In order to assess the long‐term stability of these materials, reactions of carbon/Si 3 N 4 and BN/SiC were studied at high temperatures with Knudsen effusion, coupon tests, and by microstructural examination. In the carbon/Si 3 N 4 system, carbon reacted with Si 3 N 4 to form gaseous N 2 and SiC. The formation of SiC limited further reaction by physically separating the carbon and Si 3 N 4 . Consequently, the development of high p (N 2 ) at the interface, predicted from thermochemical calculations, did not occur, thus limiting the potential deleterious effects of the reaction on the composite. Strong indications of a reaction between BN and SiC were shown by TEM and SIMS analysis of the BN/SiC interface. In long‐term exposures, this reaction can lead to a depletion of a BN coating and/or an unfavorable change of the interfacial properties, limiting the beneficial effects of the coating.
Survivorship of coflex Interlaminar-Interspinous Implant (2009)

Using coflex is a safe and viable option in the selection of instrumentation for spinal stabilization.
Quantitative radiomics: impact of stochastic effects on textural feature analysis implies the need for standards (2015)

Image heterogeneity metrics such as textural features are an active area of research for evaluating clinical outcomes with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and other modalities. However, the effects of stochastic image acquisition noise on these metrics are poorly understood. We performed a simulation study by generating 50 statistically independent PET images of the NEMA IQ phantom with realistic noise and resolution properties. Heterogeneity metrics based on gray-level intensity histograms, co-occurrence matrices, neighborhood difference matrices, and zone size matrices were evaluated within regions of interest surrounding the lesions. The impact of stochastic variability was evaluated with percent difference from the mean of the 50 realizations, coefficient of variation and estimated sample size for clinical trials. Additionally, sensitivity studies were performed to simulate the effects of patient size and image reconstruction method on the quantitative performance of these metrics. Complex trends in variability were revealed as a function of textural feature, lesion size, patient size, and reconstruction parameters. In conclusion, the sensitivity of PET textural features to normal stochastic image variation and imaging parameters can be large and is feature-dependent. Standards are needed to ensure that prospective studies that incorporate textural features are properly designed to measure true effects that may impact clinical outcomes.
Temperature-insensitive zero linewidth enhancement factor in state-of-the-art In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot lasers (Conference Presentation) (2018)

GaAs-based quantum dot (QD) semiconductor lasers at 1300 nm exhibit a number of benefits for use in metropolitan and local area networks. Low modulation-induced chirp attributed to small linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) in QDs overcomes some limitations in a directly-modulated laser compared to quantum well counterparts. Along with the temperature-insensitive low threshold current, these QD lasers demonstrate considerable prospects towards Peltier-free direct-modulation operation. In this work, we experimentally investigate the temperature-dependence of the LEF as a function of injection current and wavelength in state-of-the-art 1300 nm In(Ga)As/GaAs QD lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These structures demonstrate a large state separation and a comparatively small inhomogeneous linewidth. Gain is measured using the Hakki-Paoli method and carrier related mode shift is extracted by correcting for thermal effects. Previous reports have described LEF values of 1-5 over smaller temperature ranges (20-85°C) than the GPON commercial specifications in 1300 nm In(Ga)As/GaAs QD structures. Here, at temperature range of -10 to 85°C extending beyond GPON commercial window, it is shown that even at higher temperatures where contribution from the excited state transition is expected to increase the LEF, the measured LEF remains essentially zero. This is ascribed to the large gain from the ground state transition. Such a low LEF at elevated temperatures bodes well for the use of such structures in applications where feedback insensitivity may be important. By analyzing individual modes as a function of their individual lasing thresholds, we also describe an interplay of mode position and lasing linewidth.