gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering of Human Cartilage Rods: Potential Application for Penile Prostheses (2002)

Purpose: Natural penile prostheses created from the patient&amp;apos;s own cells may eliminate the biocompatibility risks associated with artificial prostheses. We previously demonstrated that autologous cartilaginous rods could be created in animal corpus cavernosum. as penile prostheses in situ by transplanting autologous chondrocytes on biodegradable polymer scaffolds. In the present study we investigated the possibility of engineering human cartilage rods for potential use as penile prostheses. Materials and Methods: Chondrocytes isolated from human ear were seeded on rod shaped biodegradable polymer scaffolds (1.2 cm. in diameter, 6.0 cm. long). The seeded scaffolds were maintained in stirred bioreactors for 1 month. Subsequently, the seeded scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into athymic rats. The specimens were retrieved 2 months after implantation, and histological, structural and mechanical properties were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the engineered prostheses were compared to those of silicone prostheses. Results: Human chondrocytes seeded onto polymer scaffolds formed milk-white cartilaginous rods of the same size as the initial implants. Histological analyses using hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue and alcian blue showed mature and well-formed chrondrocytes in the retrieved implants. The engineered human cartilaginous rods were flexible, elastic and able to withstand high degrees of compressive forces. The mechanical properties were comparable to those of commercially available silicone prostheses. Conclusions: Transplantation of chrondrocytes isolated from human ear on polymer scaffolds resulted in the formation of human cartilage rods with the appropriate mechanical properties required for use as penile prostheses. This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating human cartilage rods with a large dimension. This technology may be useful for patients who need penile reconstruction.
Testing Results of the Prototype Beam Absorber for the PXIE MEBT (2015)

One of the goals of the PXIE program at Fermilab is to demonstrate the capability to form an arbitrary bunch pattern from an initially CW 162.5 MHz H^{-} bunch train coming out of an RFQ. The bunch-by-bunch selection will take place in the 2.1 MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) by directing the undesired bunches onto an absorber that needs to withstand a beam power of up to 21 kW, focused onto a spot with a ~2 mm rms radius. A prototype of the absorber was manufactured from molybdenum alloy TZM, and tested with an electron beam up to the peak surface power density required for PXIE, 17W/mm2. Temperatures and flow parameters were measured and compared to analysis. This paper describes the absorber prototype and key testing results.
Robotic sightseeing-a method for automatically creating virtual environments (2002)

This paper describes the fully automatic creation of an environment's description using an image-based representation. This representation is a collection of cylindrical sample images combined into an "image-based virtual reality". The locations at which the environment will be sampled are chosen automatically using an operator inspired by models of human visual attention and saccadic motion. The image acquisition is performed by a mobile robot. The selection of vantage points is based on an analysis of the edge structure of sampled panoramic images. In order to trade off the optimality of the generated description of the navigation effort required in solving the online problem, a concept referred to as alpha-backtracking is introduced. The paper illustrates sample data acquired by the procedure.
GaAs optoelectronic neuron arrays (1993)

A simple optoelectronic circuit integrated monolithically in GaAs to implement sigmoidal neuron responses is presented. The circuit integrates a light-emitting diode with one or two transistors and one or two photodetectors. The design considerations for building arrays with densities of up to 10(4) cm(-2) are discussed.
Direct determination of the bias-dependent series parasitic elements in SiC MESFETs (2003)

We propose a simple and direct extraction procedure for the determination of bias-dependent parasitic resistive elements in SiC MESFETs. This extraction technique is based on a frequency evolution of measured Z-parameters of a metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) under active bias conditions. Using this method, the equivalent-circuit parameters of an SiC MESFET have been extracted at different bias points, and the variation of the bias-dependent series resistive elements studied. The measured and modeled S-parameters demonstrate a good correlation up to 20 GHz.
Data Aggregation at the Level of Molecular Pathways Improves Stability of Experimental Transcriptomic and Proteomic Data (2016)

ABSTRACT High throughput technologies opened a new era in biomedicine by enabling massive analysis of gene expression at both RNA and protein levels. Unfortunately, expression data obtained in different experiments are often poorly compatible, even for the same biological samples. Here, using experimental and bioinformatic investigation of major experimental platforms, we show that aggregation of gene expression data at the level of molecular pathways helps to diminish cross- and intra-platform bias otherwise clearly seen at the level of individual genes. We created a mathematical model of cumulative suppression of data variation that predicts the ideal parameters and the optimal size of a molecular pathway. We compared the abilities to aggregate experimental molecular data for the five alternative methods, also evaluated by their capacity to retain meaningful features of biological samples. The bioinformatic method OncoFinder showed optimal performance in both tests and should be very useful for future cross-platform data analyses.
Australian Funnel-Web Spider Venom Analyzed With On-Line RP-HPLC Techniques (2004)

Venoms have attracted significant study in recent years as a reservoir of complex libraries of natural products possessing a wide range of biological activities. Moreover, venoms contain specific and potent molecules that may be utilized in pharmaceutical development and in the production of environmentally friendly insecticides. The compositions of venoms are typically highly complex and contain a variety of molecules including proteins, peptides, and numerous types of small molecules. This complexity requires highly sensitive techniques to allow separation of these components for study. The techniques should also be able to accommodate large variations in sample size to account for the differences in venom available from different creatures (e.g., some snakes can supply up to 500 mg of crude venom from a single milking, whereas some small insects, such as ants, supply submicrogram amounts []). These qualities have been found and continue to be advanced in the technique high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in particular reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). This technique combined with a variety of detection methods can allow the collection of a significant amount of data from very small venom samples.
Frequency Offset Estimation Scheme in the Presence of Time-Varying DC Offset for OFDM Direct Conversion Receivers (2007)

This paper presents a frequency offset estimation scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) direct conversion receivers. The key idea is to use a differential filter for reduction of DC offset. Frequency offset is estimated in the presence of time-varying DC offset. In order to overcome the varying DC levels under automatic gain control (AGC) circuits, a threshold level is set for the output of the differential filter. The proposed compensation scheme offers superior frequency offset estimation when compared with a conventional scheme with a high pass filter.
Supplementary Figure 7A and 7B from Therapeutic Implications of a Human Neutralizing Antibody to the Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RON), a c-MET Family Member (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7A and 7B from Therapeutic Implications of a Human Neutralizing Antibody to the Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RON), a c-MET Family Member
Figure. SM1 from Schlieren photography on freely flying hawkmoth (2018)

Schlieren photography setup
Physical Model for Power Supply Noise and Chip/Package Co-Design in Gigascale Systems with the Consideration of Hot Spots (2007)

An analytical physical model is derived for the first time to predict the first droop power supply noise for non-uniform current switching conditions and arbitrary functional block sizes. The model not only captures the impact of package parameters and the distributed nature of power grid and decoupling capacitance but also addresses the non-uniformity problem for the power density distribution brought by hot spots. A case study shows that both the frequency domain power noise model and the projected peak noise value have less than 1% error comparing with SPICE simulation.
Path based colour image segmentation (2006)

The 2 pass raster segmenter is simple, fast and is often quoted in the literature. Unfortunately, it tends to oversegment images even in the presence of small amounts of noise. In this paper we present a generalization of this approach where we discover regions by taking multiple random paths through an image. This approach fares better but still over segments an image. Yet, an analysis of region density shows that the underlying image structure can be discovered from the path based segmentation. Indeed, the discovered edges are comparable to those discovered by the widely used mean shift algorithm.
Intact Proactive Motor Inhibition after Unilateral Prefrontal Cortex or Basal Ganglia Lesions (2021)

Previous research provided evidence for the critical importance of the PFC and BG for reactive motor inhibition, that is, when actions are cancelled in response to external signals. Less is known about the role of the PFC and BG in proactive motor inhibition, referring to preparation for an upcoming stop signal. In this study, patients with unilateral lesions to the BG or lateral PFC performed in a cued go/no-go task, whereas their EEG was recorded. The paradigm called for cue-based preparation for upcoming, lateralized no-go signals. Based on previous findings, we focused on EEG indices of cognitive control (prefrontal beta), motor preparation (sensorimotor mu/beta, contingent negative variation [CNV]), and preparatory attention (occipital alpha, CNV). On a behavioral level, no differences between patients and controls were found, suggesting an intact ability to proactively prepare for motor inhibition. Patients showed an altered preparatory CNV effect, but no other differences in electrophysiological activity related to proactive and reactive motor inhibition. Our results suggest a context-dependent role of BG and PFC structures in motor inhibition, being critical in reactive, unpredictable contexts, but less so in situations where one can prepare for stopping on a short timescale.
Supplementary Table 1 from An Antibody Targeting ICOS Increases Intratumoral Cytotoxic to Regulatory T-cell Ratio and Induces Tumor Regression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes used to define Immune cell subtypes&lt;/p&gt;
Peficitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor, in Moderate-to-severe Ulcerative Colitis: Results From a Randomised, Phase 2 Study (2018)

No dose-response in patients with moderate-to-severe UC was demonstrated with peficitinib, but evidence of efficacy was suggested at doses ≥75 mg o.d. The safety profile of peficitinib was consistent with current information. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01959282.
Differential Contributions of Prefrontal and Hippocampal Dopamine D1and D2Receptors in Human Cognitive Functions (2008)

Dopamine D(1) receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are important for prefrontal functions, and it is suggested that stimulation of prefrontal D(1) receptors induces an inverted U-shaped response, such that too little or too much D(1) receptor stimulation impairs prefrontal functions. Less is known of the role of D(2) receptors in cognition, but previous studies showed that D(2) receptors in the hippocampus (HPC) might play some roles via HPC-PFC interactions. We measured both D(1) and D(2) receptors in PFC and HPC using positron emission tomography in healthy subjects, with the aim of elucidating how regional D(1) and D(2) receptors are differentially involved in frontal lobe functions and memory. We found an inverted U-shaped relation between prefrontal D(1) receptor binding and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance. However, prefrontal D(2) binding has no relation with any neuropsychological measures. Hippocampal D(2) receptor binding showed positive linear correlations not only with memory function but also with frontal lobe functions, but hippocampal D(1) receptor binding had no association with any memory and prefrontal functions. Hippocampal D(2) receptors seem to contribute to local hippocampal functions (long-term memory) and to modulation of brain functions outside HPC ("frontal lobe functions"), which are mainly subserved by PFC, via the HPC-PFC pathway. Our findings suggest that orchestration of prefrontal D(1) receptors and hippocampal D(2) receptors might be necessary for human executive function including working memory.
Information security trades in tactical wireless networks (2015)

Wireless networks are now ubiquitous across the tactical environment. They offer unprecedented communications and data access capabilities. However, providing information security to wireless transmissions without impacting performance is a challenge. The information security requirement for each operational scenario presents a large trade space for functionality versus performance. One aspect of this trade space pertains to where information security services are integrated into the protocol stack. This paper will present an overview of the various options that exist and will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each option.
Direct biochemical mapping of eukaryotic viral DNA by means of a linked transcription-translation cell-free system. (1976)

A method is described for mapping regions of eukaryotic viral DNA coding for specific proteins, utilizing a linked transcription-translation cell-free system primed with DNA fragments generated by restriction endonucleases. Three simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA fragments derived from that region of the DNA expressed late in lytic infection were purified. They were: Hpa I-A (0.76-0.175 map units), Bgl I-EcoRI-B (0.672-0), and Hpa II-EcoRI-B (0.735-0). (Fragments are named from the cleaving restriction endonuclease and electrophoretic mobility. End positions on the conventional map are in clockwise order.) These fragments efficiently stimulated the incorporation of [3H]UTP and [35S]methionine into trichloroacetic-acid-insoluble material in the linkec system. The location of the region of DNA coding for the viral structural proteins VPI, VP2 and VP3 was determined from the spectrum of polypeptide synthesis directed by the individual intact fragments and their specific endonucleolytic digests. The polypeptides synthesized in the cell-free system were characterized on urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gradient gels and by two-dimensional tryptic peptide analysis. ..
Abstract 260: Apigenin nanoparticle suppresses sphere formation in CD133+/ALDH1high prostate cancer stem cells through downregulation of stem cell markers (2018)

Abstract The recurrence of prostate cancer after definitive treatment(s) is thought to be due to the potential of rare cancer stem cells (CSCs) to withstand therapy and initiate tumor formation. CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells capable of self-renewal and plastic adaptation mediating tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. CSCs are associated with cancer progression and clinical outcome in cancer patients. In the present study, we isolated CSCs from various human prostate cancer 22Rv1, DU145 and PC-3 cells by applying selection of cluster of differentiation 133 cell surface marker and high ALDH1 activity (CD133+/ALDH1high). Next we aimed to identify CD133+/ALDH1high CSCs isolated from human prostate cancer cells and compare their profiles with non-CSCs as bulk counterparts of the population. Subsequently, the CSC population continued to grow in the three-dimensional multicellular spheroids. Differentiation investigated with stem cell-related genomic characteristics exhibited significant increase in genes viz. CD44, Nanog, β-catenin, c-Myc, SOX2 and Oct4 in CSCs at the message level. In further studies we determine the effect of natural plant flavone apigenin on CSC population. Apigenin is abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables and possess remarkable anticancer, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic properties. Apigenin loaded polyethylene glycol nanoparticles (Ap-NP) was characterized for particle size, morphology, zeta potential, drug release and encapsulation. Cellular entry and intracellular localization of Ap-NP were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Treatment of CD133+/ALDH1high CSCs with Ap-NP inhibited cell viability and sphere formation at higher extent in time dependent manner, compared to the non-CSCs counterparts. Furthermore, Ap-NP exposure resulted in the downregulation of Nanog, β-catenin, c-Myc, SOX2 and Oct4 in the CSCs. Taken together, our study demonstrate overexpression of potential CSC markers and the ability to target these CSCs by the use of non-toxic agent apigenin killing this rare population that may lead to the total abolition of tumor recurrence and/or metastasis. Citation Format: Rajnee Kanwal, Sanjeev Shukla, Agata A. Exner, Andreas G. Tzakos, Sanjay Gupta. Apigenin nanoparticle suppresses sphere formation in CD133+/ALDH1high prostate cancer stem cells through downregulation of stem cell markers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 260.
Participatory Sensing for Localization of a GNSS Jammer (2022)

GNSS receivers are vulnerable to jamming and spoofing attacks, and numerous such incidents have been reported worldwide in the last decade. It is important to detect attacks fast and localize attackers, which can be hard if not impossible without dedicated sensing infrastructure. The notion of participatory sensing, or crowdsensing, is that a large ensemble of voluntary contributors provides the measurements, rather than relying on dedicated sensing infrastructure. This work considers embedded GNSS receivers to provide measurements for participatory jamming detection and localization. Specifically, this work proposes a novel jamming localization algorithm, based on participatory sensing, that exploits AGC and C/N_0 estimates from commercial GNSS receivers. The proposed algorithm does not require knowledge of the jamming power nor of the channels, but automatically estimates all parameters. The algorithm is shown to outperform similar state-of-the-art localization algorithms in relevant scenarios.
The Contribution of Geogenic Particulate Matter to Lung Disease in Indigenous Children (2019)

Indigenous children have much higher rates of ear and lung disease than non-Indigenous children, which may be related to exposure to high levels of geogenic (earth-derived) particulate matter (PM). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dust levels and health in Indigenous children in Western Australia (W.A.). Data were from a population-based sample of 1077 Indigenous children living in 66 remote communities of W.A. (>2,000,000 km<sup>2</sup>), with information on health outcomes derived from carer reports and hospitalisation records. Associations between dust levels and health outcomes were assessed by multivariate logistic regression in a multi-level framework. We assessed the effect of exposure to community sampled PM on epithelial cell (NuLi-1) responses to non-typeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (NTHi) in vitro. High dust levels were associated with increased odds of hospitalisation for upper (OR 1.77 95% CI [1.02-3.06]) and lower (OR 1.99 95% CI [1.08-3.68]) respiratory tract infections and ear disease (OR 3.06 95% CI [1.20-7.80]). Exposure to PM enhanced NTHi adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells and impaired IL-8 production. Exposure to geogenic PM may be contributing to the poor respiratory health of disadvantaged communities in arid environments where geogenic PM levels are high.
Alpha‐7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists selectively activate limbic regions of the rat forebrain: An effect similar to antipsychotics (2007)

It is considered that activation of nicotinic alpha7 receptors (alpha7 nAChR) is useful for the treatment of cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, selective alpha7 nAChR agonists have been discovered and are used to validate the alpha7 nAChR as a drug target for the treatment of cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia. One important feature shared by all known antipsychotics is their capacity to induce expression of the neuronal immediate-early gene c-fos in the limbic forebrain. Using two novel and selective alpha7 nAChR agonists, PNU-282987 and SSR180711, we investigated their ability to induce c-Fos expression in the limbic forebrain with particular emphasis on the same regions reported to be activated by antipsychotics. Both alpha7 nAChR agonists increased c-Fos dose-dependently in the prefrontal cortex and the shell of nucleus accumbens, while leaving the core of nucleus accumbens and the dorsolateral striatum unaffected. The accumbal and cortical effect of SSR180711 was blocked completely by pre-administration of the alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine. Also, SSR180711 displayed no c-Fos-inducing effect in alpha7 nAChR knock-out mice. In conclusion, these results show that selective pharmacologic stimulation of alpha7 nAChR function results in activation of forebrain regions similar to conventional antipsychotics.
Correction: GLP2-2G-XTEN: A Pharmaceutical Protein with Improved Serum Half-Life and Efficacy in a Rat Crohn’s Disease Model (2013)

[This corrects the article on p. e50630 in vol. 7.].