gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous intelligent modular surveillance system (AIM2S) (2012)

This paper discusses the design and development of an autonomous intelligent modular surveillance system (AIM2S). The system represents a novel class of "smart" surveillance platforms that integrates multiple sensors on an open-bus chassis. AIM2S modular architecture allows plug & play system operation, enabling its performance as a standalone unit or in conjunction with other systems. The integration of multiple smart sensors facilitates the affective fusion of heterogeneous data sources to obtain previously unavailable state information.
Lessons and Limits of Mouse Models (2013)

Seminal studies in rabbits and rodent transplantation models by Peter Medawar revealed that cellular processes, rather than humoral antibodies, are central to the acute rejection of transplanted organs, and much of basic transplantation research continues to be focused on the biology and control of these cells, which were subsequently shown to be T cells. However, the success of current immunosuppression at controlling T-cell-mediated rejection has resulted in an increasing awareness of antibody-mediated rejection in the clinic. This, in turn, has fueled an emerging interest in the biology of allospecific antibodies, the B cells that produce these antibodies, and the development of mouse models that allow their investigation. Here we summarize some of the more widely used mouse models that have been developed to study the immunobiology of alloreactivity, transplantation rejection and tolerance, and used to identify therapeutic strategies that modulate these events.
Insular superconductivity in Co-doped iron pnictide superconductor CaFe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$AsF (2008)

The presence of macroscopic phase separation between the superconducting and magnetic phases in \cfcaf is demonstrated by muon spin rotation (muSR) measurements conducted across their phase boundaries (x=0.05-0.15). The magnetic phase tends to retain the high transition temperature (T_m > T_c), while Co-doping induces strong randomness. The volumetric fraction of superconducting phase is nearly proportional to the Co content $x$ with constant superfluid density. These observations suggest the formation of superconducting islands (or domains) associated with Co ions in the Fe$_2$As$_2$ layers, indicating a very short coherence length.
Stabilization of Low Valent Zirconium Nitrides in Titanium Nitride via Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition and Assessment of Electrochemical Properties (2020)

The increasing awareness of metal nitrides as feasible electrocatalysts in numerous energy-relevant transformations motivates greater synthetic control of mixed metal nitride compositions and their valence states. We report plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of titanium zirconium nitride, with an emphasis on the experimental parameters that influence the valence states of the two metal ions. We further examined the consequence of various ratios of Ti and Zr on the electrochemically active surface areas (ECSAs). Films with a Zr-to-Ti ratio of 1:2 or 1:1 yielded the highest ECSA; deviation from these values led to a large fraction of electrically insulating or semiconducting titanium or zirconium oxynitrides/oxides. The systematic examination establishes a fundamental structure–property relationship critical to assessing the electrochemical/electrocatalytic properties of metal nitrides.
Calibration and Vector Error Correction (2012)

The vector network analyzer (VNA) error correction process consists of two steps: the first step, typically called calibration or VNA-cal, is to characterize known standards, such as an open/short/load, to determine the systematic VNA error terms. The second step is measuring the DUT and applying the error correction algorithms to obtain a corrected result. Correction of systematic errors of S-parameter measurements in VNAs has been available for decades; the details of how the systematic errors affect the measurement results of a two-port S-parameter measurement are presented. In general, there are two distinct calibration methodologies based on either the 12-term error model, or the eight-term error model. The effects of the real-world conditions are discussed in this chapter. Some of the errors are random errors, such as noise, stability and connector repeatability, which must be treated in a statistical manner. Controlled Vocabulary Terms error correction codes; network analysers; S-parameters
Previsit Patient Instructional Video for the Virtual Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Examination (2021)

Level V, clinical tips.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approaches to Some Aromatic Retinoids. (1989)

Abstract Starting from the anisole (I), two pathways to the all‐E‐nonatetraenoate (X) are investigated.
Sky Blue-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Nonplanar Tetradentate Chromophore and Bidentate Ancillary (2017)

Tetradentate chelates bearing tripodal arranged terpyridine and a functional pyrazole unit (i.e., L1-H and L2-H) were employed in preparation of Ir(III) complexes [Ir(L1)Cl<sub>2</sub>] (1) and [Ir(L2)Cl<sub>2</sub>] (2); subsequent chloride-to-bipyrazolate substitution gave [Ir(L1)(bipz)] (3) and [Ir(L2)(bipz)] (4). Single-crystal X-ray structural studies on 1 and 3 showed the possession of a tetradentate chelate, whereas the remaining cis-sites are occupied by either dual chlorides or the bipz chelate, respectively. Sky blue organic light-emitting diode with peak efficiencies (10.1%, 19.8 cd·A<sup>-1</sup>, and 20.4 lm·W<sup>-1</sup>) was successfully fabricated using 3 (or 4) as dopant emitter, highlighting the potential application of this class of Ir(III) phosphor.
Entropy and its Relationship with Statistics (2022)

The purpose of our report is to discuss the notion of entropy and its relationship with statistics. Our goal is to provide a manner in which you can think about entropy, its central role within information theory and relationship with statistics. We review various relationships between information theory and statistics?nearly all are well-known but unfortunately are often not recognized. Entropy quanti?es the ?average amount of surprise? in a random variable and lies at the heart of information theory, which studies the transmission, processing, extraction, and utilization of information. For us, data is information. What is the distinction between information theory and statistics? Information theorists work with probability distributions. Instead, statisticians work with samples. In so many words, information theory using samples is the practice of statistics. Acknowledgements We thank Danny Dunlavy, Carlos Llosa, Oscar Lopez, Arvind Prasadan, Gary Saavedra, Jeremy Wendt for helpful discussions along the way. Our report was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at San- dia National Laboratories, a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technol- ogy and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell Inter- national, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy?s National Nuclear Adminstration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Kinetics of the acid leaching of palygorskite: Influence of the octahedral sheet composition (1990)

Abstract A study has been carried out on the influence of acid concentration, time and temperature of reaction, liquid to solid ratio and chemical composition of the mineral on the extension and selectivity of the octahedral cations extracted during acid leaching of palygorskite. The mechanism of the extraction of Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , and Fe 3+ is discussed on the basis of kinetic models fitted for a reacting-shell model, taking into account particle shape and the rate controlling step. A model is given from which kinetics parameters and the activation energy of the process are calculated. The different behaviour observed for the two palygorskites could be explained on the basis of their differences in surface areas.
CONVOLUTIONAL IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FOR QUANTITATIVE SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (1985)

s of Articles on Computer Assisted Imaging from Non-Radiological Journals: PHYSICS AND INSTRUMENTATION: PDF Only
Light-triggered thyristors with integrated protection functions (2002)

The main objectives of developments in high-power thyristor converters are to reduce of cost of development and production and increase reliability. This can be achieved by reducing the complexity of thyristor valves through the use of light-triggered thyristors with integrated protection functions, in this paper we report how the required functions have been realized and on the advantages this has for the application.
Abstract 1018: Cardiac Progenitor Cells and Biotinylated IGF-1 Nanofibers Improve Endogenous and Exogenous Myocardial Regeneration after Infarction (2007)

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) possess the IGF-1-IGF-1 receptor system which promotes cell survival, growth and differentiation. Therefore, we tested whether the local injection of CPCs together with the prolonged release of IGF-1 by self-assembling peptides enhanced myocardial regeneration after infarction. The possibility was raised that this strategy may improve cardiac repair by potentiating the regenerative response of the delivered and resident CPCs. Myocardial infarction was induced in rats and after the injection of 100,000 clonogenic immunocompatible EGFP-positive-CPCs in the border zone, biotinylated IGF-1 nanofibers were delivered to the same region. Four groups of animals were used for comparison: infarcted hearts injected with peptide only, infarcted hearts injected with CPCs only, untreated infarcted hearts and sham operated hearts. All animals received BrdU throughout the 1 month experimental period for the recognition of newly formed cells. Infarct size, ~60%, was comparable in the 4 groups. Although all treated-infarcted hearts showed a reduction in chamber volume and an increase in wall-thickness-to-chamber volume ratio and LV mass-to-chamber volume ratio, the combined treatment had the most positive effect. Similarly, LVEDP, LVDP, and dP/dt improved predominantly in infarcted hearts exposed to CPCs and IGF-1 which possessed a larger number of regenerated myocytes. The newly formed BrdU-positive myocytes consisted of EGFP-positive and EGFP-negative cells. The former category corresponded to the progeny of the injected CPCs and the latter was the product of differentiation of resident CPCs. The regenerated myocytes showed a high degree of differentiation; 20% of myocytes had a volume 2,000 –10,000 μm 3 . This level of maturation was not observed in infarcted hearts treated only with CPCs or IGF1 releasing peptides. Also, administration of CPCs and IGF-1 led to the formation of numerous resistance arterioles and capillary structures within the regenerated myocardium. Thus, the combination of CPCs and IGF-1 biotinylated nanofibers results in an unprecedented degree of myocardial recovery of structure and function after infarction. Importantly, the regenerated myocytes acquire the differentiated adult phenotype.
Synthesis of Highly Biocompatible and Temperature-Responsive Physical Gels for Cryopreservation and 3D Cell Culture (2018)

There is considerable interest in the cryopreservation in 3D cell culture, as structurally preserving intact cells and tissues is critical in utilizing these systems to promote cell differentiation and tissue organization. Temperature-responsive physical gels and zwitterionic polymers are useful materials as 3D scaffolds for cell culture which may also provide cryoprotection to the composite cells. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of relevant data for polymer systems that have both of these properties. In this study, highly biocompatible triblock copolymers were examined for their effectiveness both as gelators and as cryo-protectants. The triblock copolymers were synthesized with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) via atom transfer radical polymerization (PDEGMA<sub>113</sub>-<i>b</i>-PMPC<sub>243</sub>-<i>b</i>-PDEGMA<sub>113</sub>). ABA triblock copolymers composed of hydrophilic "B" block and temperature responsive "A" block could form physical gels above their lower critical solution temperatures (LCST). PDEGMA<sub>113</sub>-<i>b</i>-PMPC<sub>243</sub>-<i>b</i>-PDEGMA<sub>113</sub> triblock copolymer exhibited the LCST derived from DEGMA and assembled in micellar structures forming physical gels above the LCST. The mechanical properties of the physical gels were evaluated by rheological tests, and the low toxicity of PDEGMA<sub>113</sub>-<i>b</i>-PMPC<sub>243</sub>-<i>b</i>-PDEGMA<sub>113</sub> was confirmed by MTT assay. Interestingly, the triblock copolymer showed ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity which was determined to be suitable for the cryopreservation of several cell lines. In vitro studies were conducted to demonstrate the cryo-protectant properties and the formation of two and three-dimensional (2D/3D) cell culture scaffolds with high biocompatibility. This stimuli-responsive gelator polymers can therefore be useful for cryopreservation of different cells models, and a promising material for 3D cell culture.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF DINUCLEAR METAL CENTERS. PART 6. μ‐VINYLIDENE‐ AND μ‐ETHYLIDYNEDIRUTHENIUM COMPLEXES: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CIS‐(RU2(CO)2(μ‐CO)(μ‐C:CH2)(η‐C5H5)2) AND CIS‐(RU2(CO)2(μ‐CO)(μ‐CME)(η‐C5H5)2)(BF4) (1984)

Abstract Die Dimetallacyclen (I) isomerisieren über eine intramolekulare H‐Verschiebung (Zwischenstufen beschrieben) zu μ‐Vinyliden‐Komplexen, die in cis‐ und trans‐Form (II) bzw. (III) vorliegen, sich chromatographisch trennen lassen und stabil kristallin isoliert und durch IR‐ und 1 H‐ und 13 C‐NMR‐Daten charakterisiert werden.
Development of new protocols and analysis procedures for the assessment of LBP by surface EMG techniques. (1997)

Spectral parameters of the surface electromyographic (EMG) signal from lumbar back muscles assessed during a fatiguing isometric contraction can be used to classify different categories of low back pain (LBP) subjects and control subjects without LBP. In the test protocol currently used at the NeuroMuscular Research Center at Boston University, subjects contract their back muscles at 80% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force. This fatigue-based protocol has been successfully applied to persons with subacute or chronic LBP; those in acute pain, however, have not been included because of their inability to perform a maximal exertion. In this paper we will examine the force sensitivity of the currently used EMG parameters and also give an overview of some of our efforts to develop new test procedures. Our goal is to develop force-insensitive surface EMG parameters that can be used for classification purposes in populations of subjects who develop low trunk extension forces. In addition, the development of a model to predict MVC from anthropometrical measurements will be presented.
MXene Reinforced Thermosetting Composite for Lightning Strike Protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 17/2021) (2021)

MXene-based Lightning Strike Protection Coating In article number 2100803, Vipin Kumar and co-workers investigate MXene as an effective filler to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of divinylbenzene (DVB) thermosetting resin. Its performance as a lightning strike protection coating for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is evaluated. MXenes-DVB coating reduces the lightning surface damage from 40.61 cm2 (reference CFRP panel) to 13.29 cm2 (CFRP coated with 72 g cm−2 weight of MXenes-DVB).
Choice of RF coils at 9.4T: SNR and B1+ of transceiver and transmit-only receive-only arrays (2015)

Purpose/Introduction: Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and transmit efficiency are the most important considerations in RF coil design. Tight fitting transceiver (TxRx) arrays are often used to optimize the transmit efficiency [1], while large transmit arrays in combination with tight-fitting receive arrays (ToRo) are used for optimum SNR [2]. In this study, a ToRo coil with 8-transmit elements and 18-receive elements was constructed with the aim to approach the transmit efficiency of transceiver arrays while retaining the SNR advantage of receive-only arrays. Subjects and Methods: Experiments were performed on a Siemens 9.4 T whole body scanner. The tight-fitting (20 9 23 cm) 8-channel TxRx array used in this study was presented previously [1]. In the new ToRo coil, the transmit array consisted of eight evenly spaced gapped loops on a circular tube (outer diameter = 26 cm). Each loop was tuned with 12-capacitors and actively detuned with a PIN diode in series. Adjacent elements were inductively decoupled. Both transmit arrays had a length of 10 and 4 cm gap to the shield. The receive part consisted of 18-receive elements arranged in three rows on a helmet (nine in the top row, seven and two in the 2nd and 3rd row, respectively). Adjacent elements in the same row were inductively decoupled and each element of the lower row geometrically decoupled with two elements of the upper row. The full setup is shown in Fig. 1. Results: Coupling between adjacent transmit elements was\\-20 dB and active detuning in transmit and receive array was\\-30 dB. The measured transmit field closely followed the predicted pattern from simulations whereas the difference in mean B1 + in the central axial slice (B1 + avg) was below 9 compared to the numerical model (Fig. 2a/b). Compared to the TxRx array the B1 + avg of the ToRo configuration was, however, 18 weaker (Fig. 2c). This includes additional losses caused by the receive array and active detuning circuits. Nevertheless, the ToRo coil provided substantially higher SNR than the TxRx configuration (Fig. 3). Discussion/Conclusion: The designed ToRo array provided high B1 + efficiency, but, not to the level of tight fitting TxRx arrays. Since ToRo arrays are loosely coupled to the load, it doesn’t have to be tuned and matched for every experiment. Furthermore, ToRo configuration provides significantly higher SNR and better parallel imaging performance due to smaller coil elements arranged closer to the head. Future studies will include a comparison of B1 +/sqrt(SAR) for the two coil configurations.
Avara (2010)

3D virtual world software is becoming a popular medium for entertainment, social interaction and commerce. To the best of our knowledge, there is no system available to facilitate the bridging between Web applications and virtual world systems in the form of information sharing, data collection and control propagation. As a result, user experience in a Web interface is not sensitive to state changes of virtual world avatars or objects. Similarly, a virtual world environment does not provide Web context-rich user experience. We address this issue and propose a bridging and context sharing architecture between the Web and virtual world applications such that Web applications can control, monitor and collect information from artifacts in the virtual worlds, and vice versa. We also implemented this architecture using existing Web and virtual world technologies. Based on this implementation, we illustrate some novel applications and present a user study to illustrate the value of the system.
Softening and Hardening of Macro‐ and Nano‐Sized Organic Cocrystals in a Single‐Crystal Transformation (2011)

AFM nanoindentation was used to demonstrate that millimeter- and nanometer-sized organic cocrystals exhibit changes in the mechanical properties before, during, and after a single-crystal-to-single-crystal [2+2] photodimerization of olefins. Millimeter-sized crystals become 40 % softer, whereas nanocrystals of the same material become 40 % harder following the photoreaction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Promoting the activity of LiFePO4 (olivine) cathode of Li-ion battery by supramolecular complexes with single walled carbon nanotubes (2009)

The amphiphilic Ru-bipyridine complex, Z-907Na acts as a surfactant for solubilization of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in acetonitrile+t-butanol. The supramolecular assembly Z-907Na/SWNT was characterized by optical and Raman spectro/electrochemistry. Its redox potential of 3.5 V vs. Li/Li + is matching almost exactly the formal potential of LiFePO4/FePO4 couple. The Z907Na/SWNT assembly is adsorbed on the surface of LiFePO4 (olivine) via the free carboxylic groups at the bipyridine ligand. This provides a composite material with roughly monolayer coverage by Z-907Na. Electrodes fabricated from Z-907Na/SWNT/LiFePO4 composite exhibited greatly enhanced activity for electrochemical Li + extraction/insertion compared to the performance of electrodes made from pure LiFePO4. Ke ywords: olivine cathode, Li-ion battery, carbon nanotubes, Ru-bipyridine complexes
Materials and Technology Issues for the Next Generation of Power Electronic Devices (2020)

By 2030, about 80% of all US electricity is expected to flow through power electronics. This will require power electronic devices and circuits with much higher efficiency and smaller form-factor than today’s silicon-based systems. III-Nitride semiconductors and other ultra-wide bandgap materials are ideal platforms for the new generation of power electronics thanks to the combination of excellent transport properties and the high critical electric field enabled by their wide bandgap [1] . This talk will discuss recent progress in our group in developing high voltage power transistors and diodes based on wide bandgap materials.
Fabrication and Characterization of Large Area Plasmonic Metasurface Lenses (2022)

Metasurface lenses are fabricated using membrane projection lithography following a CMOS-compatible process flow. The lenses are 10-mm in diameter and employ 3-dimensional unit cells designed to function in the mid-infrared spectral range.
Approach Guardrail Transition for Single-Slope Concrete Barriers (1996)

An approach guardrail transition for use with the single-slope concrete median barrier was developed and crash tested. The transition was constructed with 3.43-mm-thick (10-gauge) thrie-beam rail and was supported by nine W6 × 9 steel posts. Post spacings consisted of one at 292 mm (11.5 in.), five at 476 mm (1 ft 6.75 in.), and three at 952 mm (3 ft 1.5 in.). A structural tube spacer block (TS 7 × 4 × 3/16) was also developed for use with the thrie-beam rail. Two full-scale vehicle crash tests were performed, and the system was shown to meet the Test Level 3 requirements specified in NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features.
A New Ultradian Rhythm Linked to Protein Degradation and Synthesis in Mammalian Cells (2019)

Abstract We describe a new ultradian rhythm that occurs during the interphase of the cell cycle in a wide range of mammalian cells, including both primary and transformed cells. The rhythm was detected by holographic lens-free microscopy that follows the individual histories of the dry mass of thousands of live cells simultaneously, each at a resolution of five minutes. Importantly, the rhythm was observed in inherently heterogeneous cell populations, thus eliminating synchronization and labeling bias. The rhythm is independent of circadian rhythm, has a period of 4 hours and is temperature-compensated. We demonstrated that the 4 hr rhythm is suppressed by proteostasis disruptors and is detected only in proliferating cells, suggesting that it represents the periodic dynamics of protein mass in growing cells. Brief teaser We have revealed a 4 hr rhythm in cell dry mass dynamics that seems to be general in proliferating mammalian cells.