gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of low-resistive 2D-semiconductor metal contacts: an ab-initio NEGF study (2023)

Abstract Metal contacts form one of the main limitations for the introduction of 2D materials in next-generation scaled devices. Through ab-initio simulation techniques, we shed light on the fundamental physics and screen several 2D and 3D top and side contact metals. Our findings highlight that a low semiconducting-metal contact resistance can be achieved. By selecting an appropriate 2D metal, we demonstrate both ohmic or small Schottky barrier top and side contacts. This leads to a contact resistance below 100 Ωμm and good device drive performance with currents in ON state up to 1400 μA/μm, i.e., reduced by a mere 25% compared to a reference with perfect ohmic contacts, provided a sufficiently high doping concentration of 1.8×10 13 cm −2 is used. Additionally, we show that this doping concentration can be achieved through electrostatic doping with a gate. Finally, we perform a screening of possible 2D–3D top contacts. Finding an ohmic 2D–3D contact without a Schottky barrier has proven difficult, but it is shown that for the case of intermediate interaction strength and a limited Schottky barrier, contact resistances below 100 Ωμm can be achieved.
Predicting cytokine storms: it's about density (2011)

Romer and colleagues in this issue of Blood report that the density of T cells during culture increases sensitivity to the CD28 cosignaling agent TGN1412, providing an improved means of predicting cytokine release syndrome (CRS).[1][1]

CRS is a common clinical event with antibody therapies such as
Correcting atmospheric CO 2 and CH 4 mole fractions obtained with Picarro analyzers for sensitivity of cavity pressure to water vapor (2018)

Abstract. Measurements of dry air mole fractions of atmospheric greenhouse gases are used in inverse models of atmospheric tracer transport to quantify their sources and sinks. The measurements have to be calibrated to a common scale to avoid bias in the inferred fluxes. For this purpose, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has set requirements for the inter-laboratory compatibility of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements. A widely used series of devices for these measurements are the GHG analyzers manufactured by Picarro, Inc. These are often operated in humid air, and the effects of water vapor are corrected for in post-processing. Here, we report on rarely detected and previously unexplained biases of the water correction method for CO2 and CH4 in the literature. They are largest at water vapor mole fractions below 0.5 % H2O, which were undersampled in previous studies, and can therefore affect measurements obtained in humid air and in air dried with a Nafion membrane. The biases, which can amount to considerable fractions of the WMO goals, are caused by a sensitivity of the pressure in the measurement cavity to water vapor. We correct these biases by modifying the water correction method from the literature. Our method relies on experiments that maintain stable water vapor levels to allow equilibration of cavity pressure. The commonly used droplet method does not fulfill this requirement. Correcting CO2 measurements proved challenging, presumably because of our humidification method. Open questions pertain to differences between analyzers and variability over time. Correcting the cavity pressure-related biases helps keeping the overall accuracy of measurements of dry air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 obtained with Picarro GHG analyzers in humid and Nafion-dried air within the WMO goals.
Cost, power, and parallelism in speech signal processing (2002)

Historically, it has been shown how applying huge numbers of transistors to a problem can reduce the cost of a system (as in the use of a digital signal processing chip instead of a few inductors and capacitors to implement a filter). It is noted that, in the age of portable products, one should think in terms of applying huge numbers of transistors to reduce the size and weight of the battery. The examples surveyed in this tutorial support the idea of using parallelism of slow processing units as a power-saving alternative to the single fast central processor that characterizes many of today's desktop and portable products. A recent emphasis on the power problem within the VLSI signal processing community has led to an understanding of how parallelism can significantly reduce the cost of a system by greatly reducing clock speed, supply voltage, and power consumption, even though at the expense of silicon area and other measures of efficiency. Several different kinds and degrees of parallelism, including massive analog parallelism, should be considered in planning to reduce the total cost of speech signal processors.
Stimuli-Modulated Delivery Systems (1999)

The diffusional properties of some synthetic and natural polymeric membranes can be altered by swelling and conformational or morphological changes in the polymer matrices. External stimuli can generate these changes. Functional groups which are sensitive to the stimuli can be introduced; polymers bearing these groups are defined as ‘‘stimuli-sensitive polymers.’’ These polymers have been studied for their ability to mimic the functions of biological membranes such as active transport and permselectivity or as self-regulating systems [1]. A schematic for stimuli-modulated drug delivery is shown in Figure 1. Stimuli which are utilized for the regulation of hydrogel membranes are classified in Table 1.
Response to Listeria monocytogenes in Mice Lacking MHC Class Ia Molecules (1999)

MHC class Ia-deficient mice (H2 Kb-/- Db-/-) inoculated with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LM) displayed a three- to fourfold expansion of splenic CD8+ T cells 6 days following infection. Culture of these spleen cells in vitro gave rise to CTL that recognized LM-infected target cells and were restricted by the class Ib molecules, Qa1b and M3. Exposure of target cells to heat-killed LM (HKLM) rather than live bacteria did not result in CTL-mediated lysis. Target cells pulsed with three LM peptides known to bind M3, f-MIGWII, f-MIVTLF, and f-MIVIL, were recognized by effector cells from both B6 and Kb-/- Db-/- animals. In vivo analysis showed that B6 and Kb-/- Db-/- mice clear LM from the spleen and liver rapidly with similar kinetics, whereas TAP.1-/- mice, which are deficient in class Ia and Ib molecules, clear LM slowly upon infection. To establish the in vivo role of CD8+ T cells in Kb-/- Db-/- animals, we showed that depletion of such cells from the spleens of immune mice prevented the adoptive transfer of protective immunity to syngeneic recipients. Spleen cells from Kb-/- Db-/- mice were also capable of generating responses directed against syngeneic as well as allogeneic class Ia molecules in vitro. Thus, class Ia-deficient animals have a CD8+ T cell repertoire capable of recognizing both class Ia and class Ib molecules and can generate protective immunity to LM.
Plastic instabilities in AA5754-O under various stress states (2018)

Spatio-temporal characteristics of plastic instabilities in the aluminium alloy sheet AA5754-O were investigated under three different stress states: uniaxial tension, plane strain and equi-biaxial tension. Tensile tests including conventional uniaxial tensile specimens as well as optimized ISO 16842 cruciform specimens for plane strain and equi-biaxial tensile deformation conditions were carried out at room temperature. Arm strength of the cruciform specimens was enhanced by laser deposition of thickening layers using Al-Mg alloy wire material in order to delay fracture and extend the equivalent plastic strain in the gauge area of the cruciform specimens from ~0.03 to ~0.13 under plane strain condition and to ~0.07 under equi-biaxial tension. The differences in serrated flow behaviour and spatio-temporal evolution of Portevin–Le Châtelier (PLC) bands under these three stress states were investigated using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The originality of this paper is to present different PLC phenomena under plane strain condition and equi-biaxial tension, which requires improved models or modifications of existing theoretical frameworks for uniaxial tension to account for different characteristics of PLC phenomena under plane strain and equi-biaxial tension of Al-Mg alloy sheets.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct N9‐Arylation of Purines with Aryl Halides (2014)

Abstract catalyzed by a Cu(I)/phenanthroline complex
Visual results and complications after retinal reattachment in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The influence of operative technique. (1989)

The authors compare the complications and visual results encountered in a consecutive series of 16 eyes undergoing retinal reattachment surgery for retinal detachment associated with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Eight eyes were treated with scleral buckling, vitrectomy, and cryotherapy with or without gas injection. Eight consecutive eyes (with one exception) were treated by the combination of vitrectomy, gas injection and laser photocoagulation with or without primary lensectomy and not subjected to scleral buckling as a primary procedure. The final reattachment rate was 93.8% (15 of 16 eyes) with no significant difference between the primary scleral buckle group (87.5%) and the non-buckle group (100%). Retinal reoperation and complication rates were higher in the primary buckle group and final visual acuities better in the non-buckle group despite comparable preoperative characteristics.
Isokinetic evaluation of knee extensors and flexors in patients with unilateral symptomatic gonarthrosis (1999)

peer reviewed
A System-Level Methodology for the Design of Reliable Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks (2019)

Innovative Internet of Things (IoT) applications with strict performance and energy consumption requirements and where the agile collection of data is paramount are arising. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a promising solution as they can be easily deployed to sense, process, and forward data. The large number of Sensor Nodes (SNs) composing a WSN are expected to be autonomous, with a node's lifetime dictated by the battery's size. As the form factor of the SN is critical in various use cases, minimizing energy consumption while ensuring availability becomes a priority. Moreover, energy harvesting techniques are increasingly considered as a viable solution for building an entirely green SN and prolonging its lifetime. In the process of building a SN and in the absence of a clear and well-rounded methodology, the designer can easily make unfounded and suboptimal decisions about the right hardware components, their configuration, and reliable data communication techniques, such as automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC). In this paper, a methodology to design, configure, and deploy a reliable ultra-low power WSNs is proposed. A comprehensive energy model and a realistic path-loss (PL) model of the sensor node are also established. Through estimations and field measurements it is proven that, following the proposed methodology, the designer can thoroughly explore the design space and the make most favorable decisions when choosing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, configuring the node, and deploying a reliable and energy-efficient WSN.
Understanding Size Effects and Forming Limits in the Micro-Stamping of Industrial Stainless Steel Foils (2020)

This study investigates the effect of grain size and composition on the material properties and forming limits of commercially supplied stainless steel foil for bipolar plate manufacture via tensile, stretch forming and micro-stamping trials. It is shown that in commercially supplied stainless steel the grain size can vary significantly and that ‘size effects’ can be influenced by prior steel processing and composition effects. While the forming limits in micro-stamping appear to be directly linked to the plane strain forming limits of the individual stainless steel alloys, there was a clear effect of the tensile anisotropy. In contrast to previous studies, forming severity and the likelihood of material failure did not increase with a decreasing channel profile radius. This was related to inaccuracies of the forming tool profile shape.
Polysulfonates Derived from Metal Thiolate Complexes as Inhibitors of HIV-1 and Various other Enveloped VirusesIn Vitro (2002)

Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate reacts with the metal ions Pd(II), Pt(II), Ag(I), Cd(II) and Zn(II) to yield complexes containing multiple anionic sulfonate sites. On the basis of spectroscopic and other analytical data the complexes were assigned the tentative molecular formulas: Pd6(SCH2CH2SO3Na)12, Ptn(SCH2CH2SO3Na)2n+2, Agn(SCH2CH2SO3Na)n, Na2Zn4(SCH2CH2SO3Na)10, and Na2Cd4(SCH2CH2SO3Na)10. The complexes displayed a variety of differences in activity towards DNA and RNA viruses. The platinum complex showed no measurable cytotoxicity and exhibited a spectrum of antiviral activity resembling that of dextran sulfate. It was active against HIV-1 and HIV-2, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1, human cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Sindbis virus, Junin virus and Tacaribe virus. The palladium complex also showed no measurable cytotoxicity, but was completely inactive against most viruses, with one notable exception: both HIV-1 and HIV-2 were substantially inhibited by the palladium complex. The silver complex showed significantly less antiviral activity and greater cytotoxicity than the platinum complex but did show some selectivity against RSV. The zinc complex showed only modest activity against VSV, RSV, Junin virus, and Tacaribe virus, and like the silver compound was more cytotoxic than either the platinum or palladium complex. The cadmium complex was toxic to all of the cell lines used for in vitro evaluation of antiviral activity. Based on these results, the platinum and palladium compounds appear to be promising candidates for further studies, that is, as vaginal microbicides in the prevention of genital HIV and/or HSV transmission.
Short Course (2008)

Presents an outline and description of the above titled short course from the conference proceedings.
The effect of fabric movement on washing performance in a front-loading washer (2013)

Types of fabric movement inside a front-loading washer were analyzed in order to examine their effect on washing performance. A high-speed camera was used to record and track the outlines of the fabric inside a washer, and 13 movement indexes were derived. From this observation, fabric movements were divided into four categories, and the relationship between fabric movements and washing performance were examined. It was shown that the mechanical force from the complex movement where diverse fabric movements were mixed was stronger than that from the simple movement where only single fabric movement appeared. With regard to the detergency, it was also shown that complex movement was more effective than single movement. For fabric with a lower drape coefficient, there seemed to be a greater potential to generate more flexing under similar mechanical action, therefore resulting in higher washing performance.
Copper Transparent Antennas on Flexible Glass by Subtractive and Semi-Additive Fabrication for Automotive Applications (2018)

There has been an increasing need for antennas in automotive applications, for communications applications, such as cellular, satellite radio, and the burgeoning fields of selfdriving/ networked vehicles and 5G. These applications demand alternatives to traditional vehicle antennas, including transparent antennas able to be unobtrusively mounted to vehicle windows. Flexible glass provides a high quality transparent and flexible substrate for the fabrication of these antennas, and that is amenable to low cost roll-to-roll manufacturing. Sheet scale prototype transparent antennas were fabricated in copper using etch back and semi-additive processes, with conventional processes and facilities, and using materials and processes amenable to roll-to-roll fabrication. This shows that flexible glass could be used in existing lines and facilities with little modification, in addition to roll-to-roll processing. Fabricated antennas were tested on-vehicle and show good performance, with similar gain figures for baseline solid antennas, etched transparent antennas, and semi-additive transparent antennas.
Zwitterionic chitosan for the systemic treatment of sepsis (2016)

Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions, with Gram-negative organisms responsible for most sepsis mortality. Systemic administration of compounds that block the action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the Gram-negative outer cell membrane, is hampered by their hydrophobicity and cationic charge, the very properties responsible for their interactions with LPS. We hypothesize that a chitosan derivative zwitterionic chitosan (ZWC), previously shown to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cellular mediators in LPS-challenged macrophages, will have protective effects in an animal model of sepsis induced by systemic injection of LPS. In this study, we evaluate whether ZWC attenuates the fatal effect of LPS in C57BL/6 mice and investigate the mechanism by which ZWC counteracts the LPS effect using a PMJ2-PC peritoneal macrophage cell line. Unlike its parent compound with low water solubility, intraperitoneally administered ZWC is readily absorbed with no local residue or adverse tissue reaction at the injection site. Whether administered at or prior to the LPS challenge, ZWC more than doubles the animals' median survival time. ZWC appears to protect the LPS-challenged organisms by forming a complex with LPS and thus attenuating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. These findings suggest that ZWC have utility as a systemic anti-LPS agent.
Needle insertion with duty-cycled rotation into multiple media (2012)

Thin, flexible needles can be steered along nonlinear paths to reach deep anatomical structures within the human body. This study builds upon previous work involving steering of bevel-tipped needles by inserting while rotating in a duty-cycled fashion. Here we investigate how needle material and radius, duty cycle, and tissue stiffness affect needle curvature. Needles were inserted into media while rotated at a specified duty cycle and the curvature was measured. A linear relationship between duty cycle and curvature was observed across all needle materials and radii, and tissue stiffnesses. Following these observations, we developed a model that encapsulates needle and tissue parameters in order to predict the duty cycle needed to achieve a desired curvature.
Evaluation of Cancer Dependence and Druggability of PRP4 Kinase Using Cellular, Biochemical, and Structural Approaches (2013)

PRP4 kinase is known for its roles in regulating pre-mRNA splicing and beyond. Therefore, a wider spectrum of PRP4 kinase substrates could be expected. The role of PRP4 kinase in cancer is also yet to be fully elucidated. Attaining specific and potent PRP4 inhibitors would greatly facilitate the study of PRP4 biological function and its validation as a credible cancer target. In this report, we verified the requirement of enzymatic activity of PRP4 in regulating cancer cell growth and identified an array of potential novel substrates through orthogonal proteomics approaches. The ensuing effort in structural biology unveiled for the first time unique features of PRP4 kinase domain and its potential mode of interaction with a low molecular weight inhibitor. These results provide new and important information for further exploration of PRP4 kinase function in cancer.
SOFC Co-Generation of Electricity and Clean Water (2017)

Energy and water are basic necessities for human civilization. For too long these basic necessities have been provided by separately designed and operated independent large-scale infrastructures. In contrast the co-generation of electric power and potable water provides for significant improvement in system efficiency as well as the possibility for smaller distributed co-generation. One approach to do this is to not only use the electricity generated by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), but also use the heat generated to drive water purification technology, as well as capture the H 2 O in the SOFC exhaust. By leveraging both electrical and thermal energy, very high system efficiency is possible. Moreover, the fuel flexibility, modularity, and solid-state nature of SOFCs make them ideal for operation in remote areas. Addressing this at the local level with a strategy of distributed water purification powered by local fuel resources will be very effective. Using methane derived from agricultural waste, durable small scale SOFC units can generate significant amounts of electricity and heat. Electrical and thermal outputs from a biogas fueled SOFC were measured and total cell efficiency calculated to inform design criteria for the proposed power units. SOFC stability to sulfur contamination was improved using anode infiltration and evaluated in long term tests. Using the information gathered from these tests an analysis of the system size and fuel requirements necessary for a developing world community system were determined.
An Auditory Model Based Strategy for Cochlear Implants (2007)

A physiological and computational model of the human auditory system has been fitted in a signal processing strategy for cochlear implants (CIs). The aim of the new strategy is to obtain more natural sound in CIs by better mimicking the human auditory system. The new strategy was built in three independent stages as proposed in [6]. First a basilar membrane motion model was substituted by the filterbank commonly used in commercial strategies. Second, an inner hair cell model was included in a commercial strategy while maintaining the original filterbank. Third, both the basilar membrane motion and the inner-hair cell model were included in the commercial strategy. This paper analyses the properties and presents results obtained with CI recipients for each algorithm designed.