gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superhydrophilic mesoporous sulfonated melamine–formaldehyde resin supported palladium nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for biofuel upgrade (2013)

Mesoporous sulfonated melamine–formaldehyde resin (MSMF) has been successfully synthesized from the self-assembly of a copolymer surfactant (F127) with a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde and NaHSO3 in an aqueous solution. After removal of the copolymer surfactant (F127) by ethanol extraction, the MSMF exhibits uniform mesopore sizes centered at 10.2 nm. The contact angle (0°) of water on the sample shows that the MSMF is superhydrophilic. After impregnating with a Pd species, a MSMF supported Pd catalyst (Pd/MSMF) is obtained, which shows high activity and excellent recyclability in an important model reaction for biofuel upgrade (hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin), compared with a conventional carbon supported Pd catalyst (Pd/C). The superior catalytic properties of the Pd/MSMF catalyst should be potentially important for biofuel upgrades in the future.
On optimal nonholonomic paths in a limited space (2002)

This work addresses the problem of finding the shortest path for a vehicle (say, a mobile robot or a car) moving in a limited workspace. The proposed approach makes use of a tool dubbed the reflective unfolding operator which has a clear geometric interpretation and provides an interesting means for solving other trajectory design problems. The authors' previously reported result (1997) which relates to the special case of a car maneuvering within a disc-shaped area, is extended here to the general case of an arbitrarily shaped area. The approach is illustrated by computer simulations.
Autologous Fixed Tumor Vaccine: A Formulation with Cytokine‐microparticles for Protective Immunity against Recurrence of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2002)

We developed a tumor vaccine consisting of fixed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells/tissue fragments, biodegradable microparticles encapsulating granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-2, and an adjuvant. The vaccine protected 33% of syngeneic mice from HCC cell challenge. The vaccine containing human autologous HCC fragments showed essentially no adverse effect in a phase I/IIa clinical trial and 8/12 patients developed a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against the fragments. Although 2 of 4 DTH-response-negative patients had recurrence after curative resection, the DTH-response-positive patients had no recurrence. The time before the first recurrence in the vaccinated patients was significantly longer than that in 24 historical control patients operated in the same department (P < 0.05). This formulation is a promising candidate to prevent recurrence of human HCC.
Addressing Feature Suppression in Unsupervised Visual Representations (2023)

Contrastive learning is one of the fastest growing research areas in machine learning due to its ability to learn useful representations without labeled data. However, contrastive learning is susceptible to feature suppression – i.e., it may discard important information relevant to the task of interest, and learn irrelevant features. Past work has addressed this limitation via handcrafted data augmentations that eliminate irrelevant information. This approach however does not work across all datasets and tasks. Further, data augmentations fail in addressing feature suppression in multi-attribute classification when one attribute can suppress features relevant to other attributes. In this paper, we analyze the objective function of contrastive learning and formally prove that it is vulnerable to feature suppression. We then present Predictive Contrastive Learning (PrCL), a framework for learning unsupervised representations that are robust to feature suppression. The key idea is to force the learned representation to predict the input, and hence prevent it from discarding important information. Extensive experiments verify that PrCL is robust to feature suppression and outperforms state-of-the-art contrastive learning methods on a variety of datasets and tasks.
Characterization of a majorMycoplasma penetranslipoprotein and of its gene (1995)

A novel mycoplasmal species designated as Mycoplasma penetrans has been isolated recently from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. p35, a major antigen extracted from the membrane of this mycoplasma using Triton X-114 has been found to be a lipoprotein. After proteolytic treatment of p35, the sequence of one of the resulting peptides was determined and a corresponding oligonucleotide was deduced. Using this oligonucleotide as a probe the p35 gene was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed an amino-terminal signal peptide with a potential acylation site which would result in a 35.3 kDa mature product. In addition, the p35 gene was followed by an open reading frame with a corresponding polypeptide partially homologous to p35, in particular to the N-terminus region.
Abstract 3492: A targeted semi-conductor based next-generation sequencing (NGS) test to characterize microsatellite instability in FFPE tumor samples (2019)

Abstract Microsatellite instability (MSI) arises from defects in the mismatch repair (MMR) system and is associated with hypermutability of short DNA sequence repeats. Defects in MMR are observed in diverse cancer types but are common in colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancers. MSI testing is increasingly important for patient management. For example, in diverse cancer types, MSI is associated with favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The mainstay of MSI testing has been PCR/fragment analysis or IHC to monitor loss of expression of MMR proteins. Although generally robust, these methods are single biomarker tests that may consume limited biopsy samples. For this reason, MSI testing has been recently incorporated into NGS tests. However, targeted amplicon based NGS tests for MSI that consume limited sample input and provide fast turn-around time remain an unmet need. Herein, we describe a targeted NGS-based method to assess MSI that leverages Ion AmpliSeq™ or Ion AmpliSeq™ HD multiplex PCR and Ion GeneStudio™ S5 next-generation sequencing. The test is comprised of diverse microsatellite markers including mono- and di-nucleotide repeats that range from 10 to 40 bp. A novel algorithm was developed that leverages the unique signal processing properties inherent in semi-conductor sequencing and workflows were developed for tumor only samples as well as paired tumor-normal samples. The test provides results for individual microsatellites and generates an MSI score for the sample. The performance of the assay was verified over a large cohort of colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancer samples with MSI status independently assigned by orthogonal on-market tests. The MSI panel can be used by itself or integrated into larger targeted sequencing panels. MSI tests that leverage the inherent advantages of targeted semiconductor sequencing, low sample input and fast turn-around time, will support expanded research opportunities into the association of MSI with other targeted alterations and help elucidate the interaction of MSI, DNA repair defects, and the response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Citation Format: Anelia Kraltcheva, Sameh El-Difrawy, Asha Kamat, Janice Au-Young, Simon Cawley, Seth Sadis. A targeted semi-conductor based next-generation sequencing (NGS) test to characterize microsatellite instability in FFPE tumor samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3492.
Impact of overshoot current on set operation of atom switch (2014)

Current overshoot during a set operation has significant impacts on the ON conductance and reliability of resistive change devices such as atom switches. We break the set operation into three steps: incubation, transition, and settling. We clarify their contributions to the determinations of the ON conductance of the atom switch. The variation in the transition time causes a significant variation in the ON conductance. On the basis of the ON conductance distribution, the median of the transition time of 1 ns and its distribution are revealed.
The worst-case capacity of wireless sensor networks (2007)

The key application scenario of wireless sensor networks is data gathering sensor nodes transmit data, possibly in a multi-hop fashion, to an information sink. The performance of sensor networks is thus characterized by the rate at which information can be aggregated to the sink. In this paper, we derive the first scaling laws describing the achievable rate in worst-case i.e.arbitrarily deployed,sensor networks. We show that in the physical model of wireless communication and for a large number of practically important functions, a sustainable rate of Ω(1 / log2 n) can be achieved in every network even when nodes are positioned in a worst-case manner. In contrast, we show that the best possible rate in the protocol model is Θ(1 /n), which establishes an exponential gap between these two standard models of wireless communication. Furthermore, our worst-case capacity result almost matches the rate of Θ(1 / log n) that can be achieved in randomly deployed networks. The high rate is made possible by employing non-linear power assignment at nodes and by exploiting SINR-effects. Finally,our algorithm also improves the best known bounds on the scheduling complexity in wireless networks.
Experimental induction of corpora amylacea in adult rat brain (1998)

Corpora amylacea (CA) are glycoproteinaceous inclusions that accumulate in astroglia and other brain cells as a function of advancing age and, to an even greater extent, in several human neurodegenerative conditions. The mechanisms responsible for their biogenesis and their subcellular origin(s) remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that the sulfhydryl agent, cysteamine (CSH), promotes the accumulation of CA-like inclusions in cultured rat astroglia. In the present study, we show that subcutaneous administration of CSH to adult rats (150 mg/kg for 6 weeks followed by a 5-week drug-washout period) elicits the accumulation of CA in many cortical and subcortical brain regions. As in the aging human brain and in CSH-treated rat astrocyte cultures, the inclusions are periodic acid-Schiff -positive and are consistently immunostained with antibodies directed against mitochondrial epitopes and ubiquitin. Our findings support our contention that mitochondria are important structural precursors of CA, and that CSH accelerates aging-like processes in rat astroglia both in vitro and in the intact brain.
Entropy of acoustical beams in a random ocean (2003)

Scattering by small scale ocean processes like internal waves imposes the ultimate limitations on large scale ocean acoustic remote sensing. Recent progress in utilizing ray methods to understand scattering processes in long range acoustic propagation suggest there is an exponential sensitivity to initial conditions and a rapid growth of acoustic field complexity with a scale of a few hundred kilometers; a result which casts some doubt on the effectiveness of long range acoustic remote sensing. However, as is well known in other fields of wave propagation, finite frequency effects can slow, suppress or mask this complexity. We have performed parabolic equation numerical simulations for acoustical beams which mimic a narrow bundle of ray paths and which traverse random realizations of internal wave sound speed perturbations obeying the Garrett-Munk internal wave spectrum. The variability of these beams as a function of range and beam angle are analyzed in terms of information theory using the Shannon entropy and in terms of the relative intensity variance or scintillation index. We find that the finite frequency beams do not increase in complexity exponentially and that very near the saturation range a constant non-maximal entropy is obtained. These results suggest that acoustic remote sensing is more robust than is implied by the ray scattering results.
Power Savings with CoMP Technology in Cellular Networks (2018)

With the rapid growth of network infrastructure, the power-efficiency of cellular networks has become an important problem. In this paper, we propose a power-savings scheme that turns off lightly-loaded base stations (BSs) and switches the clients/users of the powered-off BSs to their neighbor BSs by utilizing the Coordinate Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission technology. In order to guarantee the users' QoS, the CoMP cluster should cover the switched-off BSs, and each coordinated BS in the CoMP cluster should have enough radio resources. Our in-depth simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves near-optimal power savings and improves the power-efficiency up to 35%.
SignProx: One-bit Proximal Algorithm for Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization (2019)

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is one of the most widely used optimization methods for parallel and distributed processing of large datasets. One of the key limitations of distributed SGD is the need to regularly communicate the gradients between different computation nodes. To reduce this communication bottleneck, recent work has considered a one-bit variant of SGD, where only the sign of each gradient element is used in optimization. In this paper, we extend this idea by proposing a stochastic variant of the proximal-gradient method that also uses one-bit per update element. We prove the theoretical convergence of the method for non-convex optimization under a set of explicit assumptions. Our results indicate that the compressed method can match the convergence rate of the uncompressed one, making the proposed method potentially appealing for distributed processing of large datasets.
Preclinical validation of a novel peptide radiotracer for detecting amyloidosis (2011)

83 Objectives Amyloidosis, a pathology characterized by the deposition of protein fibrils and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the brain and other organs, is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, plasma cell cancers, and chronic inflammation. At present, clinical imaging of amyloid relies on radiolabeled small molecules for Aβ in Alzheimer’s patients and large proteins such as SAP for non-cerebral amyloid. Although effective, these tracers could benefit from enhanced amyloid affinity and tissue penetration, respectively. We have therefore developed as an alternative, a 31-mer peptide tracer that binds specifically and with high avidity to amyloid-associated proteoglycans. Methods The peptide, designated p31 was radiolabeled with I-125 and the amyloid-reactivity assessed in mice with severe peripheral systemic inflammation-associated (AA) amyloidosis by small animal SPECT imaging, tissue biodistribution measurements, and autoradiography. Results The 125I-p31 peptide cleared rapidly from amyloid-free mice ( Conclusions We have identified a novel peptide radiotracer that exhibits rapid, specific, and sustained binding to amyloid deposits in vivo. In addition, we have demonstrated binding of p31 to amyloid tissues from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Aβ), plasma cell cancers (AL) and senile cardiac disease (ATTR). Thus, peptide p31 that targets heparin-like proteoglycans represents a novel biomarker for amyloid imaging. Research Support This work was supported a PHS grant R01DK079984 from the NIDDK
Potentiometric and Amperometric Glucose Sensor Using Proton-Conductive Thick-Film. (1992)

プロトン導電性固体電解質であるアンチモソ酸の厚膜を使った素子をトランスデューサー部に用いることにより,全固体型でしかも外部参照極を必要としない新しいタイプのグルコースセンサーを試作した。本センサーでは起電力および電流を応答信号として取り出す二つのタイプが可能である。アンチモン酸厚膜はアルミナ基板上にスピンコーティング法により作製し,この厚膜上にPt検知極,Au対極,さらにAg内部参照極を取り付けた。酵素は,検知極上にグルコースオキシダーゼ(GOD)と揆水性のカーボンペーストを混合したものを薄く塗布することにより固定化した。起電力検出方式では,素子起電力とグルコース濃度の対数との間に5×10-4～4×10-2Mの範囲でNernst式に従う良好な直線性が得られた.90%応答時間は1分程度であり,感度は約10日間ほぼ一定した値をとった。また,内部参照極を取り付けた素子を用いた電解電流検出方式では,電流値とグルコース濃度とは0～7×10榊SMの範囲において直線性を示した。さらに内部参照極や外部印加電源を用いずに,Pt検知極とAu対極間を短絡した状態で作動させる短絡電流検出方式では,電流応答は0～4×10-3Mのグルコース濃度に対して直線性を示した。また,この濃度依存性はGOD固定化後,11日間は変化しなかった。本センサーのグルコースに対する応答は,いずれの検出方式でもGODによる酵素反応で生じたH2O2を介するものであることがわかった。
NMR and Molecular Dynamics Study of the Binding Mode of Naphthalene-N-sulfonyl-d-glutamic Acid Derivatives: Novel MurD Ligase Inhibitors (2009)

The presented series of naphthalene-N-sulfonyl-D-glutamic acid derivatives are novel MurD ligase inhibitors with moderate affinity that occupy the D-Glu binding site. We performed an NMR study including transfer NOE to determine the ligand bound conformation, as well as saturation transfer difference experiments to obtain ligand epitope maps. The difference in overall appearance of the epitope maps highlights the importance of hydrophobic interactions and shows the segments of molecular structure that are responsible for them. Transfer NOE experiments indicate the conformational flexibility of bound ligands, which were then further examined by unrestrained molecular dynamics calculations. The results revealed the differing degrees of ligand flexibility and their effect on particular ligand-enzyme contacts. Conformational flexibility not evident in the crystal structures may have an effect on ligand-binding site adaptability, and this is probably one of the important reasons for the only moderate activity of novel derivatives.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Long-Wavelength-Absorbing Oxonol Dyes from the 2,2-Difluoro-1,3,2-dioxaborine Type (1999)

A series of new anionic, cationic, and betainic methine dyes (an example is illustrated here) have been synthesized from methyl- or methylene-substituted 2,2-difluoro-1,3,2-dioxaborines and reactive formyl derivatives. These dyes have intense long-wavelength absorptions in the red or near-infrared region.
Correction: 18F-Fluoroestradiol PET/CT Measurement of Estrogen Receptor Suppression during a Phase I Trial of the Novel Estrogen Receptor-Targeted Therapeutic GDC-0810: Using an Imaging Biomarker to Guide Drug Dosage in Subsequent Trials (2019)

In the original version of this article (1), the stated disclosure of the author Carlos L. Arteaga is incorrect. The error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error.
Flexible Control of Block Copolymer Directed Self‐Assembly using Small, Topographical Templates: Potential Lithography Solution for Integrated Circuit Contact Hole Patterning (2012)

Block copolymer directed self-assembly (DSA) using small guiding templates for contact hole patterning in integrated circuits is reported. Flexible and precise DSA control of 25 nm contact holes guided by 66 nm templates for industry-standard 22 nm static random access memory cells is experimentally demonstrated. For 22 nm random logic circuits a DSA-aware design methodology is developed and the contact holes are achieved with a critical dimension of 15 nm and overylay accuracy of 1 nm.
Tunable Ultrafast and Ultraslow Light in Erbium Doped Waveguide at Room Temperature (2007)

This investigation experimentally demonstrates tunable ultrafast and ultraslow light in an erbium doped waveguide for the first time. Group velocity of about -67.5 m/s (fast light) and 12.4 m/s (slow light) are reported.
Development of a Refrigerant Distribution Header Applied to Microchannel Heat Exchangers (2021)

A microchannel heat exchanger applied to air conditioners has advantages because of its high heat transfer performance. However, there are some challenges to utilize its maximum performance. One of the most important challenges is refrigerant maldistribution resulting in heat transfer deterioration when it is used as an evaporator. The authors proposed a refrigerant distribution header that can be applied to variable capacity air conditioners, named “Refrigerant loop header.” In this paper, the “Refrigerant loop header”, which enables to equally distribute in a wide range of capacity, is introduced. In addition, high distribution performance is experimentally confirmed at different refrigerant mass flow rates.
<title>Hybridization-triggered fluorescence detection of DNA with minor groove binder-conjugated probes</title> (2002)

Fluorogenic 2'-deoxynucleotide probes containing a minor groove binding-quencher compound at the 5'-end and a fluorophore at the 3'-end, were recently described. These probes fluoresce upon hybridization to the complementary target. The 5'-MGB-quencher group prevents 5'-nuclease digestion by Taq polymerase during homogeneous amplification. The 5'-MGB-quencher-oligonucleotide-fluor (MGB-Q-ODN-Fl) probes displayed a dynamic range of 7 order of magnitude, with an ultimate sensitivity of better than 5 copies per sample. The high sensitivity and specificity is illustrated by the application of the probes in single nucleotide polymorphism detection, final load determination and gene expression analyses. This paper summarizes new developments in sequence detection, gene expression and SNP analysis using new T<SUB>m</SUB> prediction software to design robust 5'-MGB-Q-ODN-Fl probes. Furthermore, the software is capable of estimating the T<SUB>m</SUB> of probes containing a modified base. Due to G:G self-association, many G-rich probes and primers are poor performers in amplification reactions. The software recognizes such sequences and substitution of G with 6-Amino-1,5-dihydro-pyrazolo(3,4- d)pyrimidin-4-one (PPG) is indicated, when necessary to eliminate G:G self-association. Examples of improved performance of PPG containing primers and probes is demonstrated.
Acute Kidney Injury in the Elderly: A Review (2010)

The risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) is significantly increased in the elderly. It is the age-related renal and systemic changes as well as frequent comorbidities that render older individuals greatly susceptible to acute renal impairment. Although most often multifactorial, specific etiologies such as renal hypoperfusion due to cardiac failure, dehydration or hypotension of any cause, as well as sepsis, drug toxicity, surgery, or obstructive causes are often present. Contrast-induced nephropathy and atheroembolic disease are also frequently seen, especially in an acute care setting. Serum creatinine is most commonly used for diagnosis, despite it having several limitations, especially in the elderly. The mainstay of management is prevention of further deterioration, as the chances of renal recovery may be lower in older patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanosine Derivatives as Immunostimulants. Discovery of Loxoribine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Titanium-based phenoxy-imine catalyst for selective ethylene trimerization: effect of temperature on the activity, selectivity and properties of polymeric side products (2019)

A thermal switch of selectivity for a phenoxy-imine titanium catalyst was studied by combining kinetic studies and a “polymer-to-catalyst” approach.