gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a peptide from soybean with cancer cell proliferation inhibition (2017)

A peptide from protein hydrolysate fraction obtained from a high oleic acid soybean line (N98-4445A) that had shown significant activity against human cancer cell lines was identified and purified. Three peptides showing highest activity were identified by reverse phase HPLC in the 10–50 kDa fraction of the protein and purified using peptide specific affinity chromatography column. The three individual peptides were tested for anti-proliferative activity against blood, colon and liver cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell titer assay. Enhanced colon cancer cell inhibition (80%) was observed after testing a pure peptide (molecular size of 18 kDa with 158 amino acid residues) which also demonstrated a time-response of 96 hr after incubation based on trypan blue dye exclusion study. The impact of this study lies in deriving a pure single peptide with anti-proliferative activity on human colon and blood cancer cells. Practical applications Soybean is cultivated in the United States mostly for extracting the oil leaving the residue (soybean meal) which is commonly used as an animal feed due to its high protein content. This study has shown that soy peptides produced enzymatically from the meal of a high oleic acid soybean line (N98-4445A) were found to have anticancer activity. This study demonstrated an impending value for a pure peptide derived from this soy peptides as an alternative and inexpensive anti-cancer therapeutic agent as well as a value addition to soy meal by-product.
Modeling and optimization of 1.54 μm double-fused VCSELs for cw operation above room temperature (1996)

Recently, continuous wave (cw) operation of 1.54 micrometer vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) up to 33 degrees Celsius ambient temperature has been demonstrated for the first time. These devices employ strain-compensated InGaAsP multi-quantum wells and GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors that are fused on both sides of the InP spacer. Lasing operation of those double-fused lasers is analyzed using a comprehensive numerical model including thermal finite element simulation, optical transfer matrix analysis, and a k(DOT)p band structure calculations. The simulation of pulsed laser performance measured at different temperatures delivers internal laser parameters. Intervalenceband absorption is found to be the dominating loss mechanism that prevents lasing at higher temperatures. The thermal conductivity of the multilayer mirror is only 33% of the value expected. Optimized lasers with reduced gain offset and with smaller pillar heat generation are simulated exhibiting lasing at higher temperatures. Improved heat sinking by top-down mounting shows the strongest impact leading to cw operation up to 62 degrees Celsius.
Investigation of the structure of solution grown crystals of lactide copolymers by means of chemical reactions (1973)

The relationship between crystallisation and melting behaviour of copolymers and their morphology has been the subject of intensive discussion. One of the main points of interest is the distribution of the noncrystallizable units within the partially crystalline systems. For the explanation of physical properties of copolymers very often equilibrium theories (1, 2) are applied which start from the basic assumption that the noncrystallizable units of the polymer chains are rejected from the crystalline regions. On the other hand, the results of some structure studies by means of small angle X-ray scattering revealed strong evidence, that for example in branched polyethylene the comonomer units are partially incorporated in the crystal (3, 4).
Targeting Repulsive Guidance Molecule A to Promote Regeneration and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis (2015)

Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is a potent inhibitor of neuronal regeneration and a regulator of cell death, and it plays a role in multiple sclerosis (MS). In autopsy material from progressive MS patients, RGMa was found in active and chronic lesions, as well as in normal-appearing gray and white matter, and was expressed by cellular meningeal infiltrates. Levels of soluble RGMa in the cerebrospinal fluid were decreased in progressive MS patients successfully treated with intrathecal corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide (TCA), showing functional improvements. In vitro, RGMa monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reversed RGMa-mediated neurite outgrowth inhibition and chemorepulsion. In animal models of CNS damage and MS, RGMa antibody stimulated regeneration and remyelination of damaged nerve fibers, accelerated functional recovery, and protected the retinal nerve fiber layer as measured by clinically relevant optic coherence tomography. These data suggest that targeting RGMa is a promising strategy to improve functional recovery in MS patients.
The influence of Ge-implantation on the electrical characteristics of the ultra-shallow junction formed by using silicide as a diffusion source (1996)

The electrical characteristics of ultra-shallow p/sup +//n junctions formed by implanting a 60 keV Ge/sup +/ into a TiSi/sub 2/ layer have been studied. A very low reverse leakage current density (/spl cong/0.4 nA/cm/sup 2/ at -5 V) and a very good forward ideality factor n (/spl cong/1.001) were achieved in these ultra-shallow p/sup +//n junctions. From the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis, the junction depth was measured to be 600 /spl Aring/ and the surface concentration was about 3 times higher than that of the conventional samples.
Variable mechanical stiffness control based on human stiffness estimation (2011)

Control of the human-robot interaction system presents many challenges, which include the consideration in terms of the properties of human operators, sensor device, and linkage mechanisms of the robot. This paper presents the application of a variable mechanical stiffness control based on a human stiffness estimation. In the controller design, dual disturbance observers with respect to two operation modes, namely the common mode and the differential mode, are designed and applied for controlling wire rope tension and interaction force of human. The human stiffness estimation plays a dominant role in achieving this intelligent behavior, and smooth interaction force, by allowing a robot system to adapt the mechanical stiffness of the twin direct-drive motor system. The advantage points of the high mechanical bandwidth and low stiffness transmission are combined together. The experiment results from two separate experiments show that the above strategy was able to regulate the mechanical stiffness of the robot and provide a smooth interaction force.
Supporting Array Programming in X10 (2014)

Effective support for array-based programming has long been one of the central design concerns of the X10 programming language. After significant research and exploration, X10 has adopted an approach based on providing arrays via user definable and extensible class libraries. This paper surveys the range of array abstractions available to the programmer in X10 2.4 and describes the key language features and language implementation techniques necessary to make efficient and productive implementations of these abstractions possible.
Coverage Performance of MIMO-MRC in Heterogeneous Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Perspective (2016)

We study the coverage performance of multi-antenna (MIMO) communications with maximum ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Our main interest in on multi-stream communications when BSs do not have access to channel state information. Adopting stochastic geometry we evaluate the network-wise coverage performance of MIMO-MRC assuming maximum signal- to-interference ratio (SIR) cell association rule. Coverage analysis in MIMO-MRC HetNets is challenging due to inter-stream interference and statistical dependencies among streams' SIR values in each communication link. Using the results of stochastic geometry we then investigate this problem and obtain tractable analytical approximations for the coverage performance. We then show that our results are adequately accurate and easily computable. Our analysis sheds light on the impacts of important system parameters on the coverage performance, and provides quantitative insight on the densification in conjunction with high multiplexing gains in MIMO HetNets. We further observe that increasing multiplexing gain in high- power tier can cost a huge coverage reduction unless it is practiced with densification in femto-cell tier.
Microarchitectural innovations: boosting microprocessor performance beyond semiconductor technology scaling (2001)

Semiconductor technology scaling provides faster and more plentiful transistors to build microprocessors, and applications continue to drive the demand for more powerful microprocessors. Weaving the "raw" semiconductor material into a microprocessor that offers the performance needed by modern and future applications is the role of computer architecture. This paper overviews some of the microarchitectural techniques that empower modem high-performance microprocessors. The techniques are classified into: 1) techniques meant to increase the concurrency in instruction processing, while maintaining the appearance of sequential processing and 2) techniques that exploit program behavior. The first category includes pipelining, superscalar execution, out-of-order execution, register renaming, and techniques to overlap memory-accessing instructions. The second category includes memory hierarchies, branch predictors, trace caches, and memory-dependence predictors. The paper also discusses microarchitectural techniques likely to be used in future microprocessors, including data value speculation and instruction reuse, microarchitectures with multiple sequencers and thread-level speculation, and microarchitectural techniques for tackling the problems of power consumption and reliability.
Pulse splitting of stimulated Raman backscattering with a chirped pump (2017)

Raman amplified seed splitting was demonstrated in the backscattering scheme in a plasma, when a significant chirp was introduced into the pump. Particle-in-cell simulations have shown that a single seed laser pulse gradually splits into two, self-compressed pulses in the nonlinear amplification regime. This is in difference to previous studies of the pump chirp, which mainly have focused on its compensation for the plasma density gradient, in order to maximize the resonant amplification. The splitting, as revealed by the spectral evolution of the amplified seed, is attributed to resonance slipping, which is the result of the spatio-temporal distribution of the gain of the chirped pump.
Structural features of the quinidine and quinine molecules necessary for binding of drug-induced antibodies to human platelets. (1984)

Although most quinidine- and quinine-induced platelet antibodies react only in the presence of the drug that provoked sensitization, some are active with either quinidine or its stereoisomer, quinine; that is, they are "cross-reactive." This suggests that the activity of drug-dependent antibodies is dependent on different structural features of the quinidine or quinine molecules. To investigate this possibility, we studied reactions of 16 quinidine- and quinine-induced antibodies with quinidine, quinine, and analogues of these drugs modified at the quinoline ring (desmethoxy-derivative), the quinuclidine ring (dihydro-derivative), or the asymmetric C(9)-hydroxyl position. It was found that the antibodies could be classified into three groups on the basis of their reactions with platelets in the presence of these compounds. Eight antibodies (group 1) reacted only in the presence of the sensitizing drug or its dihydro- or desmethoxy-derivative. Three antibodies (group 2) differed from those in group 1 only in that their reactions were markedly weakened when the primary desmethoxy-derivative was used. Five antibodies (group 3) reacted in the presence of the sensitizing drug, its stereoisomer, and one or more of the analogues tested, including at least one of the C(9)-derivatives. Antibodies in this group gave stronger reactions with the sensitizing drug than with its stereoisomer. These results provide further evidence for heterogeneity among drug-induced platelet antibodies by demonstrating that noncross-reactive antibodies (groups 1 and 2) are dependent for their activity on a specific configuration at the optically active C(9)-hydroxyl position, and that some of these (group 2) also require the methoxy group for full reactivity. In contrast, cross-reactive antibodies (group 3) appear to be dependent on the quinoline ring common to all the analogues tested but also require a specific configuration at C(9) for full reactivity.
Optic disk localization by a robust fusion method (2013)

The optic disk localization plays an important role in developing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for ocular diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macula degeneration. In this paper, we propose an intelligent fusion of methods for the localization of the optic disk in retinal fundus images. Three different approaches are developed to detect the location of the optic disk separately. The first method is the maximum vessel crossing method, which finds the region with the most number of blood vessel crossing points. The second one is the multichannel thresholding method, targeting the area with the highest intensity. The final method searches the vertical and horizontal region-of-interest separately on the basis of blood vessel structure and neighborhood entropy profile. Finally, these three methods are combined using an intelligent fusion method to improve the overall accuracy. The proposed algorithm was tested on the STARE database and the ORIGA<sup>light</sup> database, each consisting of images with various pathologies. The preliminary result on the STARE database can achieve 81.5%, while a higher result of 99% can be obtained for the ORIGA<sup>light</sup> database. The proposed method outperforms each individual approach and state-of-the-art method which utilizes an intensity-based approach. The result demonstrates a high potential for this method to be used in retinal CAD systems.
Root-Finding Methods for Assessing SRAM Stability in the Presence of Random Dopant Fluctuations (2009)

In this paper, we propose a closed-form method to evaluate the read stability of an SRAM cell via quartic root finding. By utilizing a simplified MOSFET device model, we model SRAM cell stability by a system of quartic equations. The algebraic nature of the equations along with simplified region boundaries provide the insight that only a few combinations of device operating regions correspond to the stability of the cell, instead of 729 combinations in the brute force approach. Such an insight not only makes it possible to have a quick ¿litmus test¿ to determine cell stability under variability but also significantly speeds up the analysis, compared to a traditional SPICE approach. Experimental results using industrial bulk CMOS models show that the results are in excellent agreement with SPICE results and 65× faster.
An Innovative On-Line Measurement Method for Studying the Impact of Lubricant Formulations on Poisoning and Clogging of After-Treatment Devices (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The lifetime of the new technologies of after-treatment devices is influenced by the composition of engine oil, making it necessary to study the compatibility of lubricants with these devices. These compatibility tests usually evaluate parameters such as the long-term performance of after-treatment systems, the quantity and nature of accumulated residues due to the lubricant used, back-pressure increase, etc.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a novel, non-destructive radionuclide technique based on labeling the different elements in the engine oil (e.g. zinc and calcium), that provides additional information to after-treatment system compatibility tests: on-line measurement in the after-treatment device of the accumulation of elements from oil additives, and visualization of their distribution inside the device (inlet/outlet). Most of the work presented here focuses on the accumulation of zinc and calcium from the lubricant in a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). The quantities of non-combustible deposits formed in the DPF by two lubricants having different sulfated ash levels are compared.&lt;/div&gt;
Nuclear-driven flashlamp pumping of the atomic iodine laser. Final report (1992)

This report is a study of the atomic iodine laser pumped with nuclear- excited XeBr fluorescence. Preliminary experiments, conducted in the TRIGA reactor investigated the fluorescence of the excimer XeBr under nuclear pumping with {sup 10}B and {sup 3}He, for use as a flashlamp gas to stimulate the laser. These measurements included a determination of the fluorescence efficiency (light emitted in the wavelength region of interest, divided by energy deposited in the gas) of XeBr under nuclear pumping, with varying excimer mixtures. Maximum fluorescence efficiencies were approximately 1%. In order to better understand XeBr under nuclear excitation, a kinetics model of the system was prepared. The model generated the time-dependant concentrations of 20 reaction species for three pulse sizes, a TRIGA pulse, a fast burst reactor pulse, and an e-beam pulse. The modeling results predicted fluorescence efficiencies significantly higher (peak efficiencies of approximately 10%) than recorded in the fluorescence experiments. The cause of this discrepancy was not fully determined. A ray tracing computer model was also prepared to evaluate the efficiency with which nuclear-induced fluorescence generated in one cavity of a laser could be coupled into another cavity containing an iodine lasant. Finally, an experimental laser cell was constructed to verify that nuclear-induced XeBr fluorescence could be used to stimulate a laser. Lasing was achieved at 1.31 micron in the TRIGA using C{sub 3}F{sub 7}I, a common iodine lasant. Peak laser powers were approximately 20 mW. Measured flashlamp pump powers at threshold agreed well with literature values, as did lasant pressure dependency on laser operation.
The CellML 1.1 Specification (2015)

Summary This document specifies CellML 1.1, an XML-based language for describing and exchanging models of cellular and subcellular processes. MathML embedded in CellML documents is used to define the underlying mathematics of models. Models consist of a network of re- usable components, each with variables and equations manipulating those variables. Models may import other models to create systems of increasing complexity. Metadata may be embedded in CellML documents using RDF.
Personalized Prediction of Indoor Comfort Using Graph Convolutional Matrix Completion (2022)

Recent progress in environment sensing technology focuses more on measuring the physical properties of the environment, e.g., temperature and noise, but lacks the ability to understand subjective responses, or feelings about the environment, e.g., indoor comfort. Feelings depend on both environmental conditions and individual needs and preferences. Different people may feel differently in the same room experiencing the same conditions. In this work, we apply a crowdsensing based approach to predict personalized indoor comfort. We assume that similar users share similar feelings about comfort, and that indoor comfort is related to a fixed set of conditions, e.g., space, humidity, temperature. We surveyed existing users of a case study building and used their responses to learn how to predict the personal responses of new users. Technically, we apply a graph convolutional matrix completion (GC-MC) method to predict the comfort of other users, by learning the dependency between the user profiles and their ratings to a fixed set of survey questions. We collect a kitchen survey dataset of 59 questions and in total 29 users of diverse profiles.
Identification of Receptors and Signaling Pathways for Orphan Bone Morphogenetic Protein/Growth Differentiation Factor Ligands Based on Genomic Analyses (2005)

There are more than 30 human transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor (TGFbeta/BMP/GDF)-related ligands known to be important during embryonic development, organogenesis, bone formation, reproduction, and other physiological processes. Although select TGFbeta/BMP/GDF proteins were found to interact with type II and type I serine/threonine receptors to activate downstream Smad and other proteins, the receptors and signaling pathways for one-third of these TGFbeta/BMP/GDF paralogs are still unclear. Based on a genomic analysis of the entire repertoire of TGFbeta/BMP/GDF ligands and serine/threonine kinase receptors, we tested the ability of three orphan BMP/GDF ligands to activate a limited number of phylogenetically related receptors. We characterized the dimeric nature of recombinant GDF6 (also known as BMP13), GDF7 (also known as BMP12), and BMP10. We demonstrated their bioactivities based on the activation of Smad1/5/8-, but not Smad2/3-, responsive promoter constructs in the MC3T3 cell line. Furthermore, we showed their ability to induce the phosphorylation of Smad1, but not Smad2, in these cells. In COS7 cells transfected with the seven known type I receptors, overexpression of ALK3 or ALK6 conferred ligand signaling by GDF6, GDF7, and BMP10. In contrast, transfection of MC3T3 cells with ALK3 small hairpin RNA suppressed Smad signaling induced by all three ligands. Based on the coevolution of ligands and receptors, we also tested the role of BMPRII and ActRIIA as the type II receptor candidates for the three orphan ligands. We found that transfection of small hairpin RNA for BMPRII and ActRIIA in MC3T3 cells suppressed the signaling of GDF6, GDF7, and BMP10. Thus, the present approach provides a genomic paradigm for matching paralogous polypeptide ligands with a limited number of evolutionarily related receptors capable of activating specific downstream Smad proteins.
Multi-mode propagation on a medium frequency twin-lead transmission line with earth return (2013)

This work presents research in the development of medium frequency communications systems that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is performing in support of the 2006 MINER Act. In this work, a 280-m twin-lead (30-cm separation, 725-ohm) transmission line (TL) was constructed and used to measure complex input impedance and line currents resulting from open and shorted terminations at medium frequencies (MF). The line was placed in free space and positioned close to a lossy earth surface. This 3-conductor system (two wires and earth) was chosen to be a starting point to investigate the multimodal nature TLs may possess inside a coal mine. Although the TL was constructed to be physically isolated from the ground, measurements indicate the existence of common mode (CM) currents which are characteristic of a three-conductor system; hence, the ground affected the MF propagation characteristics. In this paper, full-wave computational models using moment methods are compared with the experimental measurements as a way to determine the origin of the CM currents. In the future, related experiments will be performed in underground mines in an effort to predict how multimodal MF signals will propagate in the presence of similar multiple-conductor systems.
Three‐dimensional dixon fat–water separated rapid breathheld imaging of myocardial infarction (2013)

A 3D breathhold method for fat-water separated imaging of myocardial delayed enhancement was developed and validated.