gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Fano resonance between localized and propagating surface plasmon resonances for refractive index sensing applications (2012)

Localized and propagating surface plasmon resonances are known to show very pronounced interactions if they are simultaneously excited in the same nanostructure. Here we study the fano interference that occurs between localized (LSPR) and propagating (SPP) modes by means of phase sensitive spectroscopic ellipsometry. The sample structures consist of periodic gratings of gold nanodisks on top of a continuous gold layer and a thin dielectric spacer, in which the structural dimensions were tuned in such a way that the dipolar LSPR mode and the propagating SPP modes are excited in the same spectral region. We observe pronounced anti-crossing and strongly asymmetric line shapes when both modes move to each others vicinity, accompagnied of largely increased phase differences between the respective plasmon resonances. Moreover we show that the anti-crossing can be exploited to increase the refractive index sensitivity of the localized modes dramatically, which result in largely increased values for the Figure-Of-Merit which reaches values between 24 and 58 for the respective plasmon modes.
The Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enones – Access to a New L ‐Menthol Synthesis (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Screening of Metal Complexes, Conditions, and Ligands Scale-Up and Mechanistic Work Catalyst Recycling and Continuous Processing Conclusion Acknowledgments References
An Error-free 1 Tbps WDM Optical I/O Chiplet and Multi-wavelength Multi-port Laser (2021)

We demonstrate 128 Gbps/port (8-λ × 16 Gbps/λ) natively error-free transmission across eight optical ports using a 8-port, 8-λ/port WDM remote laser source and a pair of monolithically integrated CMOS optical I/O chiplets with 4.96-5.56 pJ/bit optical Tx+Rx chiplet energy efficiency.
Diminished G1 Checkpoint after γ-Irradiation and Altered Cell Cycle Regulation by Insulin-like Growth Factor II Overexpression (1999)

High levels of insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) mRNA expression are detected in many human tumors of different origins including rhabdomyosarcoma, a tumor of skeletal muscle origin. To investigate the role of IGFII in tumorigenesis, we have compared the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12-2.7, which was stably transfected with human IGFII cDNA and expressed high and constant amounts of IGFII, to a control cell line C2C12-1.1. A rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, RH30, which expresses high levels of IGFII and contains mutated p53, was also used in these studies. IGFII overexpression in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells causes a reduced cycling time and higher growth rate. After gamma-irradiation treatment, C2C12-1.1 cells were arrested mainly in G0/G1 phase. However, C2C12-2.7 and RH30 cells went through a very short G1 phase and then were arrested in an extended G2/M phase. To verify further the effect of IGFII on the cell cycle, we developed a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line with tetracycline-controlled IGFII expression. We found that CHO cells with high expression of IGFII have a shortened cycling time and a diminished G1 checkpoint after treatment with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), a DNA base-damaging agent, when compared with CHO cells with very low IGFII expression. It was also found that IGFII overexpression in C2C12 cells was associated with increases in cyclin D1, p21, and p53 protein levels, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. These studies suggest that IGFII overexpression shortens cell cycling time and diminishes the G1 checkpoint after DNA damage despite an intact p53/p21 induction. In addition, IGFII overexpression is also associated with multiple changes in the levels and activities of cell cycle regulatory components following gamma-irradiation. Taken together, these changes may contribute to the high growth rate and genetic alterations that occur during tumorigenesis.
TCP and MP-TCP in 5G mmWave Networks (2017)

Future 5G networks will likely include mmWave radio access communication links, because of their potential multi-gigabit-per-second capacity. However, these frequencies are characterized by highly dynamic channel conditions, which lead to wide fluctuations in the received signal quality. This article explains how the end-to-end user experience in mobile mmWave networks could be affected by a suboptimal interaction between the most widely used transport protocol, TCP, and mmWave links. It also provides insights on the throughput-latency tradeoff when Multipath TCP (MP-TCP) is used judiciously across various links, such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and mmWave.
Investigation of Relaxed SiGe on Insulator and Strained Si (2006)

Strained silicon on insulator combines the advantages of strained silicon and SOI and becomes one of important materials in future circuit. In this paper, strained silicon was grown on fully relaxed SGOI substrate fabricated by Ge condensation technology. Raman and TEM results indicate that good quality strained silicon with the ε about 1.8% has formed on the relaxed SGOI substrate.
Ordinal-Quadruplet: Retrieval of Missing Classes in Ordinal Time Series (2022)

In this paper, we propose an ordered time series classification framework that is robust against missing classes in the training data, i.e., during testing we can prescribe classes that are missing during training. This framework relies on two main components: (1) our newly proposed ordinal-quadruplet loss, which forces the model to learn latent representation while preserving the ordinal relation among labels, (2) testing procedure, which utilizes the property of latent representation (order preservation). We conduct experiments based on real world multivariate time series data and show the significant improvement in the prediction of missing labels even with 40% of the classes are missing from training. Compared with the well-known triplet loss optimization augmented with interpolation for missing information, in some cases, we nearly double the accuracy.
The mechanism of the modified Ullmann reaction (2010)

The copper-mediated aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions developed by Fritz Ullmann and Irma Goldberg required stoichiometric amounts of copper and very high reaction temperatures. Recently, it was found that addition of relatively cheap ligands (diamines, aminoalcohols, diketones, diols) made these reactions truly catalytic, with catalyst amounts as low as 1 mol% or even lower. Since these catalysts are homogeneous, it has opened up the possibility to investigate the mechanism of these modified Ullmann reactions. Most authors agree that Cu(I) is the true catalyst even though Cu(0) and Cu(II) catalysts have also shown to be active. It should be noted however that Cu(I) is capable of reversible disproportionation into Cu(0) and Cu(II). In the first step, the nucleophile displaces the halide in the LnCu(I)X complex forming LnCu(I)ZR (Z = O, NR′, S). Quite a number of mechanisms have been proposed for the actual reaction of this complex with the aryl halide: 1. Oxidative addition of ArX forming a Cu(III) intermediate followed by reductive elimination; 2. Sigma bond metathesis; in this mechanism copper remains in the Cu(II) oxidation state; 3. Single electron transfer (SET) in which a radical anion of the aryl halide is formed (Cu(I)/Cu(II)); 4. Iodine atom transfer (IAT) to give the aryl radical (Cu(I)/Cu(II)); 5. π-complexation of the aryl halide with the Cu(I) complex, which is thought to enable the nucleophilic substitution reaction. Initially, the radical type mechanisms 3 and 4 where discounted based on the fact that radical clock-type experiments with ortho-allyl aryl halides failed to give the cyclised products. However, a recent DFT study by Houk, Buchwald and co-workers shows that the modified Ullmann reaction between aryl iodide and amines or primary alcohols proceeds either via an SET or an IAT mechanism. Van Koten has shown that stalled aminations can be rejuvenated by the addition of Cu(0), which serves to reduce the formed Cu(II) to Cu(I); this also corroborates a Cu(I)/Cu(II) mechanism. Thus the use of radical clock type experiments in these metal catalysed reactions is not reliable. DFT calculations from Hartwig seem to confirm a Cu(I)/Cu(III) type mechanism for the amidation (Goldberg) reaction, although not all possible mechanisms were calculated.
Characterization and Implementation of Thermal ALD Al2O3 as Surface Passivation for Industrial Si Solar Cells (2009)

In order to test the industrial viability of thermal atomic layer deposition Al2O3, it is implemented in industrial passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC). The impact of co-firing (rapid thermal processing ≥ 835°C) on Al2O3 is tested via lifetime measurements. A firing of 30 nm of Al2O3 deposited on a FZ p-type c-Si substrate, clearly deteriorates the passivation level. However, a stack of Al2O3 / PECVD SiNx keeps the adequate passivation level after firing. A batch of industrial PERC-type solar cells is processed, using 10x10 cm2 2 Ω·cm p-type CZ Si substrates of 150 μm thick. As well stacks of Al2O3 / SiNx as a reference stack of low quality CVD SiOx / SiNx are used as rear surface passivation. It is found that only 5 nm of Al2O3 is needed to achieve similar passivation level or VOC for both stacks, which is very promising taking into account that the SiOx / SiNx reference passivation is already well optimized. It is argued that the poor lifetime uniformity of the used Al2O3 / SiNx stack is the reason that the up to four times better surface recombination velocities compared to SiOx / SiNx do not show yet in the VOC results.
Supplementary Table 1 from Durable Complete Response from Metastatic Melanoma after Transfer of Autologous T Cells Recognizing 10 Mutated Tumor Antigens (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A list of genes that were found to be somatically mutated in pt3713 and all of the major information needed for our genomic study&lt;/p&gt;
Ileocolic intussusception due to a cecal endometriosis: Case report and review of literature (2012)

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2975867306869166.
Characterization of magnetohydrodynamic effects in a plasma opening switch (1995)

Plasma dynamics are characterized in a long-conduction time plasma opening switch [Phys. Fluids B 4, 2368 (1992)] operated with densities and currents near the theoretical intersection of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-19, 400 (1991)] and electronmagnetohydrodynamic (EMH) [Phys. Fluids B 3, 1908 (1991)] regimes. In agreement with MHD theory, a hydrodynamic snowplow is observed to translate axially and reach the load end of the switch at opening. The axial motion of the front agrees with one-dimensional analytic predictions if the carbon plasma possesses an average ionization of 1, but is significantly less than theory if higher ionization levels are present. The axial motion of the plasma center-of-mass is significantly less than that expected from theory for any ionization level. The reduced center-of-mass motion is attributed to an ion loss mechanism in the unconfined switch plasma, an effect also observed in the total particle inventory, which saturates while the source plasma flux remains relatively constant. An ion lifetime of 450±15 ns (290±23 ns) for Z=1 (Z=2) results in a predicted center-of-mass motion in agreement with the measurements. Only minimal EMH effects are observed indicating, in contrast to theoretical predictions, that the switch is MHD dominated in this regime.
STEM CELL FEATURES OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT PROSTATE EPITHELIAL CELLS (1998)

We propose that topographic infidelity of proliferation produces a population of secretory cells replicating in the absence of key genome protective mechanisms, thus setting the stage for an accumulation of genomic alterations and instability in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. This action occurs along with activation of telomerase, resulting in an immortal clone capable of developing into invasive carcinoma. The model predicts that genome protection remains intact in BPH, minimizing its malignant potential.
Cephalad Renal Movement During Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy (1987)

The change in the position of the kidney during percutaneous nephrostomy is a major concern to urologists who participate in percutaneous stone removal. We report that the majority of kidneys ascend an average of 2.2 cm. when the patient turns from a supine to a prone position. This change in position is more marked on the right side and is more common in male patients. Knowledge of this anatomical variation is important to determine which patients are suitable candidates for percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and to plan a percutaneous approach to a renal or ureteral calculus.
Integration of a multi-sector antenna system on a wireless camera (2009)

The issue of the integration of a multi-sector antenna system onto a wireless camera has been addressed from simulation and application point of view. The obtained results show that the effect of the camera on the multi-sector antenna system could not be neglected and should be taken into account at the early phase of the antenna design. Simulations and measurements have shown the interest of using a multi-resolution method such as the DG-FDTD method in the simulation of antenna system including its close environment. One potential solution to limit the disturbance of the antenna performances by the camera handling may rely on the tilt of the concerned beams by using metallic directors properly positioned into the antenna radome [4].
Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclocarbonylation of Nitrogen-Containing Enynes (1999)

The asymmetric Pauson-Khand type cyclization of nitrogen-containing enynes using carbon monoxide and a catalytic amount of (EBTHI)TiMe(2) was examined. The influence of the nitrogen substituent and the concentration of the catalyst on the enantioselectivity of this cyclization was explored, and it has been found that enynes with an octyl-, benzyl-, or allylamino group, positioned beta to the alkyne and the olefin, are cyclized with a high degree of enantioselectivity. Substrates with either bulky and/or electron-withdrawing nitrogen substituents are converted to products in low to moderate enantioselectivity.
Optical Sectioning Microscopy: Cellular Architecture in Three Dimensions (1984)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Posterior Spinal Fusion With Pedicle Screws in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis and Open Triradiate Cartilage: Does Deformity Progression Occur? (2015)

Level III-therapeutic.
Retrovirus-Specific Packaging of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases with Cognate Primer tRNAs (2002)

The tRNAs used to prime reverse transcription in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), and Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) are, tRNA(Trp), and tRNA(Pro), respectively. Using antibodies to the three cognate human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, we found that only lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is present in HIV-1, only tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) is present in RSV, and neither these two synthetases nor prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) is present in Mo-MuLV. LysRS and TrpRS are present in HIV-1 and RSV at approximately 25 and 12 molecules/virion, respectively. These results support the hypothesis that, in HIV-1 and RSV, the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase may be used as the signal for targeting the selective packaging of primer tRNAs into retroviruses. The absence of ProRS in Mo-MuLV is consistent with reports that selective packaging of tRNA(Pro) in this virus is less important for achieving optimum annealing of the primer to Mo-MuLV genomic RNA.
Secure and efficient voice‐over‐IP in a cdma2000® Network (2004)

Abstract This paper examines how to provide secure and efficient voice‐over‐IP service on a cdma2000 network. Various alternative solutions and their relationship to header compression techniques are discussed. We propose a new method of end‐to‐end encryption that could be used to provide privacy even when Header Removal, a cdma2000‐specific technique where IP/UDP/RTP headers are discarded before transmission over the air, is in use. The new method relies on a novel variable‐length block cipher that can be re‐used with fixed parameters across many voice frames, eliminating the requirement to carry precise cryptographic synchronization with each and every voice frame. Instead, the parameters to the block cipher are varied on an infrequent basis, and synchronization information is communicated from the encryptor to the decryptor by overwriting the occasional voice frame, with minimal impact on resulting voice quality. The method offers provable security guarantees given some assumptions about the amount of entropy contained in the encoded speech data. Copyright © 2004 AEI
Tyrosines 1015 and 1062 Arein VivoAutophosphorylation Sites in Ret and Ret-Derived Oncoproteins1 (2000)

Point mutations of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase are responsible for the inheritance of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 syndromes and are also present in a fraction of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas. Somatic rearrangements of the RET gene generating the chimeric RET/papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) oncogenes are the predominant molecular lesions associated with papillary carcinoma, the most frequent thyroid malignancy in humans. Oncogenic mutations cause constitutive activation of the kinase function of RET, which, in turn, results in the autophosphorylation of RET tyrosine residues critical for signaling. In vitro kinase assays previously revealed six putative RET autophosphorylation sites. The aim of the present study was to assess the phosphorylation of two such residues, tyrosines 1015 and 1062 (Y1015 and Y1062), in the in vivo signaling of RET and RET-derived oncogenes. Using phosphorylated RET-specific antibodies, we demonstrate that both Y1015 and Y1062 are rapidly phosphorylated upon ligand triggering of RET. Moreover, regardless of the nature of the underlying activating mutation, the concomitant phosphorylation of Y1015 and Y1062 is a common feature of the various oncogenic RET products (MEN2A, MEN2B, and PTC). This study shows that Ab-pY1062 is a useful tool with which to detect activated RET in human tumor cells and surgical samples. Finally, the microinjection of Ab-pY1062 antibodies into living cells demonstrates that Ret/PTC1 signaling is required to maintain the mitogenesis of a human carcinoma cell line expressing the Ret/PTC1 oncoprotein.
Geiger-mode avalanche InGaAsInP photodiode focal plane arrays for 1.0um and 1.5um Lidar imaging (2023)

Many Lidar system applications are best implemented with photon-counting sensors such as Geiger-mode avalanche photo diode arrays (GmAPD). To meet this emerging need, SRI has become a merchant supplier for custom GmAPD sensor arrays. SRI is currently building several different custom sensor chip assembly (SCA) designs for our customers. These entirely new sensors are based on our extensive GmAPD design and camera sensor manufacturing experience and designed to address lessons learned in the field. Our objective is to build GmAPD arrays that are truly ready for use in fielded mission critical systems. We report on our development of new ROICS and both planar and mesa type detectors at 1.0um and 1.5um and our packaging, assembly, and testing approach for these new single photon sensitive sensors.
Lenalidomide — The Phoenix Rises (2007)

Perhaps the darkest memory in modern pharmaceutical history is that of the devastating effects of thalidomide exposure on fetal development. More than four decades later, thalidomide reemerged from the ashes as the prototype for a new proprietary class of drugs with broad pharmacologic effects and promising antineoplastic activity, referred to collectively as immunomodulatory drugs.Thalidomide was first marketed in Europe in the late 1950s as a hypnotic and antiemetic for the treatment of morning sickness during pregnancy. Between 1956 and 1962, approximately 10,000 children were born with severe physical deformities, or phocomelia, as a result of the drug's unrecognized teratogenic . . .
Wide Dynamic Range Sensing in Photonic Crystal Microcavity Biosensors (2014)

Typical L-type photonic crystal (PC) microcavities have a dynamic range of approximately 3-4 orders of magnitude in biosensing. We experimentally demonstrated that multiplexing of PC sensors with different geometry can achieve a wide dynamic range covering 6 orders of magnitude with potential for 8 or more orders with suitable optimization.
Submicron three-terminal SiGe-based electromechanical ohmic relay (2014)

This paper demonstrates functional NEM cantilever relays fabricated in a CMOS-compatible low-T (400°C) CVD SiGe process flow. Devices with a length in the micrometer range (<;3μm), a width in the range 0.2-1μm, a thickness and a gap of below 100nm were successfully fabricated and characterized. A high on/off current ratio (of better than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> :1), a subthreshold swing (S) better than 150μV/decade and “essentially zero” off-state leakage current were experimentally observed. A life time of minimum 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> switching cycles was demonstrated. A maximum current density of around 10μA/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> without causing stiction due to Joule-heating was found.
Incidence and management of CAR-T neurotoxicity in patients with multiple myeloma treated with ciltacabtagene autoleucel in CARTITUDE studies (2022)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies are highly effective for multiple myeloma (MM) but their impressive efficacy is associated with treatment-related neurotoxicities in some patients. In CARTITUDE-1, 5% of patients with MM reported movement and neurocognitive treatment-emergent adverse events (MNTs) with ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a B-cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. We assessed the associated factors for MNTs in CARTITUDE-1. Based on common features, patients who experienced MNTs were characterized by the presence of a combination of at least two variables: high tumor burden, grade ≥2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or any grade immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) after cilta-cel infusion, and high CAR T-cell expansion/persistence. Strategies were implemented across the cilta-cel development program to monitor and manage patients with MNTs, including enhanced bridging therapy to reduce baseline tumor burden, early aggressive treatment of CRS and ICANS, handwriting assessments for early symptom detection, and extended monitoring/reporting time for neurotoxicity beyond 100 days post-infusion. After successful implementation of these strategies, the incidence of MNTs was reduced from 5% to <1% across the cilta-cel program, supporting its favorable benefit-risk profile for treatment of MM.
Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy Observation on GaAs(110) Surface with Tip-Induced Relaxation (2004)

We investigate the tip-sample dependence of atomically resolved non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) images of a GaAs(110) surface taken with a tip that can resolve the tip-sample interaction originating from the dangling bonds of Ga atoms and the valence charge distribution around As atoms. Comparing the NC-AFM images taken with various tip-sample distances with a theoretical investigation of tip-sample interactions on the surface, the tip-sample interaction near the As atoms and Ga atoms are experimentally distinguished, and it is suggested that observed NC-AFM images reflect the tip induced surface relaxation.