gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled release of paclitaxel using a drug‐eluting stent through modulation of the size of drug particles in vivo (2017)

Drug-eluting stents (DESs) are generally used in percutaneous coronary intervention. Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in DESs to suppress neointima, which causes restenosis. However, the PTX release profile is slow owing to its hydrophobic properties, resulting in negative effects on re-endothelialization in vessels. In this study, we assessed the effects of the controlled release of PTX particles of specific sizes on in-stent restenosis (ISR). PTX particle sizes were controlled by adjusting the evaporating temperature of the solvent from 25 to 80°C during ultrasonic coating, and DESs were prepared. The properties of prepared films and DESs were analyzed, and cell viability was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/PTX500-loaded stents showed the most rapid release for 58 days, and smaller drug particles exhibited lower PTX release rates. In vivo, PLGA/PTX50-, PLGA/PTX250-, and PLGA/PTX500-loaded stents showed good efficacy for alleviating ISR as compared with bare metal stents and PLGA/PTX5-loaded stents. However, PLGA/PTX250- and PLGA/PTX500-loaded stents exhibited strut exposure and reduced recovery of the vascular compared with PLGA/PTX50-loaded stents. PTX drug particles of approximately 50 nm were most effective in vivo, and the control of particle size is a promising strategy for improving the performance of PTX-eluting stents. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2275-2283, 2018.
Visus (2019)

While the demand for machine learning (ML) applications is booming, there is a scarcity of data scientists capable of building such models. Automatic machine learning (AutoML) approaches have been proposed that help with this problem by synthesizing end-to-end ML data processing pipelines. However, these follow a best-effort approach and a user in the loop is necessary to curate and refine the derived pipelines. Since domain experts often have little or no expertise in machine learning, easy-to-use interactive interfaces that guide them throughout the model building process are necessary. In this paper, we present Visus, a system designed to support the model building process and curation of ML data processing pipelines generated by AutoML systems. We describe the framework used to ground our design choices and a usage scenario enabled by Visus. Finally, we discuss the feedback received in user testing sessions with domain experts.
Practical cationic polymerization (1993)

Mechanistic and synthetic considerations of cationic polymerizations of heterocylic and vinyl monomers will be covered, including conditions for the synthesis of well-defined polymers.
Forced, Not Voluntary, Aerobic Exercise Enhances Motor Recovery in Persons With Chronic Stroke (2019)

<i>Background</i>. The recovery of motor function following stroke is largely dependent on motor learning-related neuroplasticity. It has been hypothesized that intensive aerobic exercise (AE) training as an antecedent to motor task practice may prime the central nervous system to optimize motor recovery poststroke. <i>Objective</i>. The objective of this study was to determine the differential effects of forced or voluntary AE combined with upper-extremity repetitive task practice (RTP) on the recovery of motor function in adults with stroke. <i>Methods</i>. A combined analysis of 2 preliminary randomized clinical trials was conducted in which participants (n = 40) were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) forced exercise and RTP (FE+RTP), (2) voluntary exercise and RTP (VE+RTP), or (3) time-matched stroke-related education and RTP (Edu+RTP). Participants completed 24 training sessions over 8 weeks. <i>Results</i>. A significant interaction effect was found indicating that improvements in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) were greatest for the FE+RTP group (<i>P</i> = .001). All 3 groups improved significantly on the FMA by a mean of 11, 6, and 9 points for the FE+RTP, VE+RTP, and Edu+RTP groups, respectively. No evidence of a treatment-by-time interaction was observed for Wolf Motor Function Test outcomes; however, those in the FE+RTP group did exhibit significant improvement on the total, gross motor, and fine-motor performance times (<i>P</i> ≤ .01 for all observations). <i>Conclusions</i>. Results indicate that FE administered prior to RTP enhanced motor skill acquisition greater than VE or stroke-related education. AE, FE in particular, should be considered as an effective antecedent to enhance motor recovery poststroke.
Les planches inédites de champignons de l'herbier Riel - 1 . Introduction (2011)

Les auteurs présentent la synthèse de leur travail d'étude des planches mycologiques réalisées par Philibert Riel — membre fondateur de la section mycologique de la Société linnéenne de Lyon — et extraites de sa collection cryptogamique. Cette collection constitue un apport important pour la connaissance de la diversité fongique de la région lyonnaise à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle.
Toward a Validated Diagnostic Test with Machine Learning Algorithm for Interstitial Cystitis (2021)

Diagnosing interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is difficult as there is no definitive test for IC/BPS. Instead, the diagnosis is based on urinary symptoms and cystoscopy may be recommended. However, cystoscopic diagnosis is associated with potentially exacerbating painful side effects and is highly subjective among physicians. Furthermore, IC/PBS symptoms overlap with symptoms of bladder cancer, urinary tract infection, or overactive bladder. As a result, many patients may go years without a correct diagnosis and proper disease management. The goal of our current IC/BPS research is to develop a simple diagnostic test based on several urine proteins called the IC-risk score (IC-RS). A machine learning (ML) algorithm uses this information to determine if a person has IC/BPS or not; if they have IC/BPS, whether their IC/BPS is characterized by Hunner's lesions. We are currently in the middle of a grant to collect urine samples from 1000 patients with IC/BPS and 1,000 normal controls from across the United States. We are using social media such as Twitter and Facebook and working with patient advocacy organizations to collect urine samples from across the country. We hope to validate the IC-RS and apply for regulatory approval. Having a validated diagnostic test for IC/BPS would be a major advancement to help urology patients. In addition, drug companies developing new drugs and therapies for IC/BPS would have a better way to determine who to include in their clinical trials, and possibly another way to measure if their drug or therapy is effective. We will hereby review the steps that have led us in urine biomarker discovery research from urine protein assessment to use crowdsourcing stakeholders participation to ML algorithm IC-RS score development.
Sodium monolayers on thermionic cathodes (2002)

Under certain conditions alkali vapours form dipole monolayers on metallic electrodes that can lower the work function of the bulk material. In this case, the power balance of the electrode, the electrode fall voltage and the electrode loss power can change considerably. To verify this effect a pyrometric technique was adapted and optimized for the diagnostics of tungsten electrodes in high pressure sodium discharges. Using an already verified model of thermally emitting cathodes the effect was observed in a Na DC discharge and the range of existence was investigated. An interpretation of the results is given using a Langmuir description of forming the Na monolayers and first-principles electronic structure calculations using a pseudopotential plane wave method to solve the Kohn-Sham equations of density-functional theory.
Viral Infections in Domestic Animals as Models for Studies of Viral Immunology and Pathogenesis (1986)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 6. Demonstration of Catalytic Gasification for Chemical Manufacturing Wastewater Cleanup in Industrial Plants (1999)

Catalytic gasification of organics has been demonstrated at the engineering development scale as an option for chemical manufacturing wastewater cleanup. A high-pressure (about 20 MPa) and high-temperature (about 350 °C) liquid water processing environment was used to treat wastewaters at two industrial sites. Organic byproducts from chemical manufacturing were converted primarily to methane and carbon dioxide in the presence of a fixed bed of nickel/ruthenium catalyst. Test results with chemical manufacturing wastewater streams showed that this process could be effectively used with the appropriate catalyst to clean up wastewater and recover waste organics as useful fuel gas. Preliminary process economics were determined.
Minimum costs to manufacture new treatments for COVID-19 (2020)

Should repurposed drugs demonstrate efficacy against COVID-19, they could be manufactured profitably at very low costs, for much less than current list prices. Estimations for the minimum production costs can strengthen price negotiations and help ensure affordable access to vital treatment for COVID-19 at low prices globally.
Introduction to the Issue on Signal and Information Processing for Privacy (2015)

The articles in this special section are designed to provide a venue for state-of-the-art research being doing in how signal and information processing is advancing the field of information privacy.
Volt-Var Optimization of Distribution Systems for Coordinating Utility Voltage Control with Smart Inverters (2019)

The Volt-Var control of smart inverters has drawn wide attention as one of the solutions to the voltage regulation of distribution systems with high PV penetration. Unlike utility voltage control devices, such as on-load tap changers and switched capacitors, smart inverters can provide fast and continuous voltage regulation. This paper describes a new Volt-Var optimization scheme that coordinates the utility control of switched capacitors and on-load tap changers with Volt-Var droop control of smart PV inverters. A voltage-load sensitivity matrix is used to form a linear relationship between control variables and bus voltages. A successive linear programming technique is applied to transform the original mixed-integer nonconvex programing problem into a sequence of mixed-integer linear programming problems. The proposed Volt-Var optimization model is validated on a 47-bus distribution circuit and the results show that the method is effective in improving voltage regulation as well as reducing the operations of on-load tap changers.
Low Energy Fusing Toner by Controlling Compatibility of Crystalline Polyester with Amorphous Polyester (2009)

In recent years, environmental concerns and energy costs have created a need for lower energy consumption in the fusing systems of printers and copiers. To develop toner for low-energy fusing systems, we are investigating crystalline polyester (C-PES). Toner with amorphous polyester (A-PES) and C-PES had good fusing ability, but showed insufficient storage stability and durability. As already reported by Fukuri et al. in NIP24, the storage stability and durability could be improved by an annealing treatment. In the annealing process, C-PES crystalline size was controlled on a nanometer scale. In this study, we report further methods to control the crystallization of C-PES in A-PES. We found it was important to control compatibility between C-PES and A-PES in addition to annealing for adequate crystal growth. We controlled solubility parameters by varying the acid monomer in A-PES polymerization. Lower compatibility between A-PES and C-PES improved the speed and degree of C-PES crystallization during annealing. From this study, a low energy fusing toner with improved storage stability, and durability can be obtained.
Broadband Measurement Setup for Cell Electrorotation (2020)

This work presents a broadband setup for single-cell electrorotation. It is capable of generating relatively high voltage in a continuous frequency band starting from 50 kHz up to 5 GHz. The setup shows very small phase and amplitude imbalance, which were found negligible as no decentric movement of the cell was observed. At least 9.6 V of peak-peak voltage at the single electrode was achieved with total harmonic distortion of less than 5%. The results obtained on lymphocytes follow the theoretical curves, and show that higher frequency of operation means higher sensitivity to the dielectric permittivity of the cell cytoplasm.
Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase has a noncanonical function in actin bundling (2023)

Dominant mutations in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS1) and six other tRNA ligases cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy (CMT). Loss of aminoacylation is not required for their pathogenicity, suggesting a gain-of-function disease mechanism. By an unbiased genetic screen in Drosophila, we link YARS1 dysfunction to actin cytoskeleton organization. Biochemical studies uncover yet unknown actin-bundling property of YARS1 to be enhanced by a CMT mutation, leading to actin disorganization in the Drosophila nervous system, human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and patient-derived fibroblasts. Genetic modulation of F-actin organization improves hallmark electrophysiological and morphological features in neurons of flies expressing CMT-causing YARS1 mutations. Similar beneficial effects are observed in flies expressing a neuropathy-causing glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Hence, in this work, we show that YARS1 is an evolutionary-conserved F-actin organizer which links the actin cytoskeleton to tRNA-synthetase-induced neurodegeneration.
Pressurized hydrogen from charged liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems by electrochemical hydrogen compression (2021)

We demonstrate that the combination of hydrogen release from a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) system with electrochemical hydrogen compression (EHC) provides three decisive advantages over the state-of-the-art hydrogen provision from such storage system: a) The EHC device produces reduced hydrogen pressure on its suction side connected to the LOHC dehydrogenation unit, thus shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium towards dehydrogenation and accelerating the hydrogen release; b) the EHC device compresses the hydrogen released from the carrier system thus producing high value compressed hydrogen; c) the EHC process is selective for proton transport and thus the process purifies hydrogen from impurities, such as traces of methane. We demonstrate this combination for the production of compressed hydrogen (absolute pressure of 6 bar) from perhydro dibenzyltoluene at dehydrogenation temperatures down to 240 °C in a quality suitable for fuel cell operation, e.g. in a fuel cell vehicle. The presented technology may be highly attractive for providing compressed hydrogen at future hydrogen filling stations that receive and store hydrogen in a LOHC-bound manner.
GeNets: A unified web platform for network-based analyses of genomic data (2017)

Functional genomics networks are widely used to identify unexpected pathway relationships in large genomic datasets. However, it is challenging to quantitatively compare the signal-to-noise ratio of different networks, the biology they describe, and to identify the optimal network to interpret a particular genetic dataset. Via GeNets users can train a machine-learning model (Quack) to make such comparisons; and they can execute, store, and share analyses of genetic and RNA sequencing datasets.
Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway by GTS-21 attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice (2017)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common side effect of cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapy drug. Although AKI occurs in up to one third of cancer patients receiving cisplatin, effective renal protective strategies are lacking. Cisplatin targets renal proximal tubular epithelial cells leading to inflammation, reactive oxygen species, tubular cell injury, and eventually cell death. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a vagus nerve-mediated reflex that suppresses inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs). Our previous studies demonstrated the renoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of cholinergic agonists, including GTS-21. Therefore, we examined the effect of GTS-21 on cisplatin-induced AKI. Male C57BL/6 mice received either saline or GTS-21 (4mg/kg, i.p.) twice daily for 4 days before cisplatin and treatment continued through euthanasia; 3 days post-cisplatin mice were euthanized and analyzed for markers of renal injury. GTS-21 significantly reduced cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction and injury (p<0.05). GTS-21 significantly attenuated renal Ptgs2/COX-2 mRNA and IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL1 protein expression, as well as neutrophil infiltration after cisplatin. GTS-21 blunted cisplatin-induced renal ERK1/2 activation, as well as renal ATP depletion and apoptosis (p<0.05). GTS-21 suppressed the expression of CTR1, a cisplatin influx transporter and enhanced the expression of cisplatin efflux transporters MRP2, MRP4, and MRP6 (p<0.05). Using breast, colon, and lung cancer cell lines we showed that GTS-21 did not inhibit cisplatin's tumor cell killing activity. GTS-21 protects against cisplatin-AKI by attenuating renal inflammation, ATP depletion and apoptosis, as well as by decreasing renal cisplatin influx and increasing efflux, without impairing cisplatin-mediated tumor cell killing. Our results support further exploring the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for preventing cisplatin-induced AKI.
Eradication of Antibiotic-Resistant E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa with Chlorine Dioxide In Vitro (2023)

Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance (AMR) is a problem in all regions, with six pathogens accounting for 73.4% of deaths attributable to bacterial AMR, namely Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Acinetobacter baumannii (A baumannii), and Psuedomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The World Health Organization instigated a Global Action Plan on AMR in 2021, which is still active - healthcare costs for AMR run into many billions of dollars worldwide. A Review on Antimicrobial Resistance commissioned by the British Government argued that AMR could kill 10 million people per year by 2050 and has emerged as one of the greatest public health threats of the 21st century. Just one AMR pathogen, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide, with the other four pathogens covered in this research causing as many deaths again. This research has focused on studying chlorine dioxide's effectiveness in eradicating five different AMR bacteria in vitro as a novel and effective treatment. This study used different chlorine dioxide concentrations with five antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ranging from 1 – 7 ppm concentrations. Disinfection studies were compared to controls, and the results demonstrated a greater than 95% disinfection with concentrations of 7 ppm. Chlorine dioxide is a size-selective antimicrobial agent that can kill micron-sized organisms rapidly but will not cause actual harm to much larger organisms like animals or humans as it cannot penetrate deeply into their living tissues. It is safe when used in low concentrations for short durations. Clinical trials must be undertaken to gain experience in the best dosages and protocols to eradicate antibiotic-resistant microorganisms from the body.
Electrocatalysis: Overall Water Splitting Catalyzed Efficiently by an Ultrathin Nanosheet‐Built, Hollow Ni3S2‐Based Electrocatalyst (Adv. Funct. Mater. 27/2016) (2016)

T. Asefa, X. Zou, and co-workers present a nickel foam-supported, ultrathin nanosheet-based, hollow Ni3S2-based electrocatalyst for overall water splitting on page 4839. By using this material as electrocatalyst both at the cathode and the anode sides of an electrolyzer, a water-splitting efficiency is achieved that outperforms even noble-metal-based Pt/C and IrOx/C benchmark electrolyzers. This result represents an important step toward efficient, non-noble metal electrocatalyst-based overall water splitting.
Neuromorphic accelerators (2015)

A vast array of devices, ranging from industrial robots to self-driven cars or smartphones, require increasingly sophisticated processing of real-world input data (image, voice, radio, ...). Interestingly, hardware neural network accelerators are emerging again as attractive candidate architectures for such tasks. The neural network algorithms considered come from two, largely separate, domains: machine-learning and neuroscience. These neural networks have very different characteristics, so it is unclear which approach should be favored for hardware implementation. Yet, few studies compare them from a hardware perspective. We implement both types of networks down to the layout, and we compare the relative merit of each approach in terms of energy, speed, area cost, accuracy and functionality.
Microfluidic Generation of Monodisperse Nanobubbles by Selective Gas Dissolution (2021)

Nanotechnology currently enables the fabrication of uniform solid nanoparticles and liquid nano-emulsions, but not uniform gaseous nanobubbles (NBs). In this article, for the first time, a method based on microfluidics that directly produces monodisperse NBs is reported. Specifically, a two-component gas mixture of water-soluble nitrogen and water-insoluble octafluoropropane as the gas phase are used in a microfluidic bubble generator. First, monodisperse microbubbles (MBs) with a classical microfluidic flow-focusing junction is generated, then the MBs shrink down to ≈100 nm diameter, due to the dissolution of the water-soluble components in the gas mixture. The degree of shrinkage is controlled by tuning the ratio of water-soluble to water-insoluble gas components. This technique maintains the monodispersity of the NBs, and enables precise control of the final NB size. It is found that the monodisperse NBs show better homogeneity than polydisperse NBs in in vitro ultrasound imaging experiments. Proof-of-concept in vivo kidney imaging is performed in live mice, demonstrating enhanced contrast using the monodisperse NBs. The NB monodispersity and imaging results make microfluidically generated NBs promising candidates as ultrasound contrast and molecular imaging agents.
Supplementary Figure from Deep Morphology Learning Enhances <i>Ex Vivo</i> Drug Profiling-Based Precision Medicine (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Deep Morphology Learning Enhances &lt;i&gt;Ex Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Drug Profiling-Based Precision Medicine
Terabit all-optical logic using ultrafast two-dimensional optical switch (2004)

Terabit all-optical complementary logic using two successive time slots to represent a logical status is proposed. An organic molecular device was used as an ultrafast optical switch. Proof-of-principle experiments were demonstrated with 400-fs interval pulses.
Visualization of inverted ferroelectric domains in LiNbO3by X-ray topography (1998)

A nondestructive method to visualize inverted ferroelectric domains in periodically poled LiNbO3 by X-ray topography is reported. It is shown that, when an electric field is applied to the sample, a strong contrast revealing the inner structure of the domains can be observed, even in white-beam mode.