gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innovative SF6 free switch with shunt vacuum interruption technology (2020)

This paper presents an innovative and compact SF6 free switch with shunt vacuum interruption (SVI) technology. To replace SF6 as arc-quenching gas, some alternative fluorinated candidates were identified for medium voltage electrical equipment. While their GWP (Global Warming Potential) is low, these gases require specific precautions for handling and end of life management. Indeed, the acute toxicity of these gases is high, their carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic characteristics are not known and, when exposed to electrical arcs, they produce numerous toxic by-products. A smart solution has been designed without breaking in gas. The gas inside the switchgear has only a dielectric function and then any by-products after current breaking is avoided. The dielectric performance is insured by air or HFO 1234zeE at different pressures according to voltage rating. The breaking is ensured by vacuum interrupters whose role consists in shunting the current from the main circuit then breaking during the phase of opening. Disconnection is ensured by a gas gap and earthing is done inside the tank. The operating mode is the same as current SF6 3-positions switch: breaking/disconnecting in one operation and earthing in a second operation. The combination of different devices and their interactions enable to design a compact solution with similar dimensions than SF6 ones. This solution presents the following advantages: fully environmentally friendly, safe for people, easy to operate, high expecting life and same footprint as current SF6 switchgear.
Multi-Targeting Intranasal Nanoformulation as a Therapeutic for Alzheimer’s Disease (2023)

Melatonin, insulin, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have been shown to reverse cognitive deficits and attenuate neuropathologies in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) when used individually. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic properties of long-term intranasal treatment with a novel nanoformulation containing melatonin, insulin, and THC in aged APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a transgenic model of AD. Transgenic mice at the age of 12 months were intranasally administered with a new nanoformulation containing melatonin, insulin, and THC at doses of 0.04, 0.008, and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, once daily for 3 months. The spatial memory of the mice was assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) test before and after drug treatment. Brain tissues were collected at the end of the treatment period for the assessment of Aβ load, tauopathy state, and markers of mitochondrial function. The RAWM test revealed that the treatment with the melatonin-insulin-THC (MIT) nasal spray improved the spatial learning memory of APP/PS1 mice significantly. Results of protein analyses of brain homogenates indicated that MIT treatment significantly decreased the tau phosphorylation implicated in tau toxicity (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and the expression of CKMT1 associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, MIT significantly decreased the expression of two mitochondrial fusion-related proteins, Mfn2 and Opa1 (<i>p</i> < 0.01 for both), while increasing the expression of a mitophagy regulator, Parkin, suggesting a compensatory enhancement of mitophagy due to MIT-promoted mitochondrial fusion. In conclusion, this study was the first to demonstrate the ability of an MIT nanoformulation to improve spatial memory in AD mice through its multi-targeting effects on Aβ production, tau phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, MIT may be a safe and effective therapeutic for AD.
Infection With Cryptosporidium hominis Provides Incomplete Protection of the Host Against Cryptosporidium parvum (2012)

Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, which infect humans equally, are genetically/antigenically almost identical. It remains unclear, however, whether infection with C. hominis protects against C. parvum. Gnotobiotic piglets were used to investigate cross-protection. After ≥3 days of recovery from C. hominis infection, the piglets were completely protected against subsequent challenge with C. hominis but only partially against challenge with C. parvum, as compared with age-matched control animals challenged with either species. In conclusion, C. hominis-specific immunity was sufficient to completely protect against challenge with the same species but insufficient to provide the same level of protection against C. parvum.
Reducing motion artifacts in photoplethysmograms by using relative sensor motion: phantom study (2012)

Currently, photoplethysmograms (PPGs) are mostly used to determine a patient's blood oxygenation and pulse rate. However, PPG morphology conveys more information about the patient's cardiovascular status. Extracting this information requires measuring clean PPG waveforms that are free of artifacts. PPGs are highly susceptible to motion, which can distort the PPG-derived data. Part of the motion artifacts are considered to result from sensor-tissue motion and sensor deformation. It is hypothesized that these motion artifacts correlate with movement of the sensor with respect to the skin. This hypothesis has been proven true in a laboratory setup. In vitro PPGs have been measured in a skin perfusion phantom that is illuminated by a laser diode. Optical motion artifacts are generated in the PPG by translating the laser diode with respect to the PPG photodiode. The optical motion artifacts have been reduced significantly in vitro, by using a normalized least-mean-square algorithm with only a single coefficient that uses the laser's displacement as a reference for the motion artifacts. Laser displacement has been measured accurately via self-mixing interferometry by a compact laser diode with a ball lens integrated into the package, which can be easily integrated into a commercial sensor.
Characterization of radio wave propagation in tunnels for microcellular communications (2002)

This work presents model-based characterization of wideband radio wave propagation in straight rectangular tunnel. The propagation characteristics are presented in time and frequency domains for both vertical and horizontal polarizations. Narrowband and wideband received power results are presented. The frequency of occurrence of fast fading depends on the distance between transmitter and receiver. Space-frequency selective fading is discussed along the coherence bandwidth. The envelope cross correlation of signals with spaced frequency is found to be high for large frequency separation. The shape of the power delay profile depends on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver.
Blood Amyloid-β Oligomerization as a Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Blinded Validation Study (2020)

MDS-OAβ to measure plasma Aβ oligomerization is a valuable blood-based biomarker for clinical diagnosis of AD, with high sensitivity and specificity.
SAVE: an algorithm for smoothed adaptive video over explicit rate networks (2002)

Supporting compressed video efficiently on networks is a challenge because of its burstiness. Although a large number of applications using compressed video are rate adaptive, it is also important to preserve quality as much as possible. We propose a smoothing and rate adaptation algorithm, called SAVE, that the compressed video source uses in conjunction with explicit rate based control in the network. SAVE smoothes the demand from the source to the network, thus helping achieve good multiplexing gains. SAVE maintains the quality of the video and ensures that the delay at the source buffer does not exceed a bound. We examine the effectiveness of SAVE across 28 different traces (entertainment and teleconferencing videos) using different compression algorithms.
Analytical phase optical transfer function for Gaussian illumination and the optimized illumination profiles (2021)

The imaging performance of tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy can be described in terms of the phase optical transfer function (POTF) which, in turn, depends on the illumination profile. To facilitate the optimization of the illumination profile, an analytical calculation method based on polynomial fitting is developed to describe the POTF for general nonuniform axially symmetric illumination. This is then applied to Gaussian and related profiles. Compared to numerical integration methods that integrate over a series of annuli, the present analytical method is much faster and is equally accurate. Further, a "balanced distribution" criterion for the POTF and a least-squares minimization are presented to optimize the uniformity of the POTF. An optimum general profile is found analytically by relaxed optimal search, and an optimum Gaussian profile is found through a tree search. Numerical simulations confirm the performance of these optimum profiles and support the balanced distribution criterion introduced.
Complex Linear Physical-Layer Network Coding (2016)

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive investigation of complex linear physical-layer network (PNC) in two-way relay channels (TWRC). A critical question at relay R is as follows: "Given channel gain ratio $η= h_A/h_B$, where $h_A$ and $h_B$ are the complex channel gains from nodes A and B to relay R, respectively, what is the optimal coefficients $(α,β)$ that minimizes the symbol error rate (SER) of $w_N=αw_A+βw_B$ when we attempt to detect $w_N$ in the presence of noise?" Our contributions with respect to this question are as follows: (1) We put forth a general Gaussian-integer formulation for complex linear PNC in which $α,β,w_A, w_B$, and $w_N$ are elements of a finite field of Gaussian integers, that is, the field of $\mathbb{Z}[i]/q$ where $q$ is a Gaussian prime. Previous vector formulation, in which $w_A$, $w_B$, and $w_N$ were represented by $2$-dimensional vectors and $α$ and $β$ were represented by $2\times 2$ matrices, corresponds to a subcase of our Gaussian-integer formulation where $q$ is real prime only. Extension to Gaussian prime $q$, where $q$ can be complex, gives us a larger set of signal constellations to achieve different rates at different SNR. (2) We show how to divide the complex plane of $η$ into different Voronoi regions such that the $η$ within each Voronoi region share the same optimal PNC mapping $(α_{opt},β_{opt})$. We uncover the structure of the Voronoi regions that allows us to compute a minimum-distance metric that characterizes the SER of $w_N$ under optimal PNC mapping $(α_{opt},β_{opt})$. Overall, the contributions in (1) and (2) yield a toolset for a comprehensive understanding of complex linear PNC in $\mathbb{Z}[i]/q$. We believe investigation of linear PNC beyond $\mathbb{Z}[i]/q$ can follow the same approach.
Systemic gene therapy using an AAV44.9 vector rescues a neonatal lethal mouse model of propionic acidemia (2023)

Propionic acidemia (PA) is rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by defects in the mitochondrially localized enzyme propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase. Patients with PA can suffer from lethal metabolic decompensation and cardiomyopathy despite current medical management, which has led to the pursuit of gene therapy as a new treatment option for patients. Here we assess the therapeutic efficacy of a recently described adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid, AAV44.9, to deliver a therapeutic <i>PCCA</i> transgene in a new mouse model of propionyl-CoA carboxylase α (PCCA) deficiency generated by genome editing. <i>Pcca</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice recapitulate the severe neonatal presentation of PA and manifest uniform neonatal lethality, absent PCCA expression, and increased 2-methylcitrate. A single injection of the AAV44.9 PCCA vector in the immediate newborn period, systemically delivered at a dose of 1e11 vector genome (vg)/pup but not 1e10 vg/pup, increased survival, reduced plasma methylcitrate, and resulted in high levels of transgene expression in the liver and heart in treated <i>Pcca</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice. Our studies not only establish a versatile and accurate new mouse model of PA but further demonstrate that the AAV44.9 vectors may be suitable for treatment of many metabolic disorders where hepato-cardiac transduction following systemic delivery is desired, such as PA, and, by extension, fatty acid oxidation defects and glycogen storage disorders.
Towards Fast Biomechanical Modeling of Soft Tissue Using Neural Networks (2018)

To date, the simulation of organ deformations for applications like therapy planning or image-guided interventions is calculated by solving the elastodynamics equations. While efficient solvers have been proposed for fast simulations, methods that are both real-time and accurate are still an open challenge. An ideal, interactive solver would be able to provide physically and numerically accurate results at high frame rate, which requires efficient force computation and time integration. Towards this goal, we explore in this paper for the first time the use of neural networks to directly learn the underlying biomechanics. Given a 3D mesh of a soft tissue segmented from medical images, we train a neural network to predict vertex-wise accelerations for a large time step based on the current state of the system. The model is trained using the deformation of a bar under torsion, and evaluated on different motions, geometries, and hyperelastic material models. For predictions of ten times the original time step we observed a mean error of 0.017mm $\pm$ 0.014 (0.032) at a mesh size of 50mm x 50mm x 100mm. Predictions at 20dt yield an error of 2.10mm $\pm$ 1.73 (4.37) and by further increasing the prediction time step the maximum error rises to 38.3mm due to an artificial stiffening. In all experiments our proposed method stayed stable, while the reference solver fails to converge. Our experiments suggest that it is possible to directly learn the mechanical simulation and open further investigations for the direct application of machine learning to speed-up biophysics solvers.
Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Migraine (2010)

Abstract Migraine is a debilitating condition, often with nearly unbearable throbbing pain, nausea, and greatly reduced thresholds to sensory stimulation. Despite the availability of specific acute medications (such as triptans), for over 15 years, migraine remains an undertreated condition. Although representing a revolution in headache therapy at the time, triptans have a number of shortcomings including cardiovascular side effects resulting from their inherent vasoconstrictive properties, and a significant proportion of refractory patients. CGRP antagonists appear to represent the next revolution in migraine therapy, with clinical safety issues shown to be comparable to placebo and 2 h response rates identical to the triptans. Preventative migraine therapy has been dominated by older drugs developed for other indications such as hypertension, epilepsy, and depression. These agents often have significant side effects. Drugs that act on other relevant mechanisms such as ion channels and nitric oxide generation have been developed and tested in the clinic. These have yet to emerge as rivals to the triptans. However, the pathophysiology of migraine is complex and combination therapies that target multiple mechanisms, including one or more of these, may turn out to be more efficacious than monotherapy. An important aspect of migraine therapy that has been addressed with only partial success is speed of onset. Intranasal and pulmonary delivery offer the potential for more rapid systemic exposure and perhaps faster onset of efficacy. Migraine patients are in particular need of improved nonoral drug delivery systems that can provide rapid relief of headache pain along with associated symptoms.
Protective Efficacy of DNA Vaccines against Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection (1998)

The efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) pre-S/S and S proteins were tested in Pekin ducks. Plasmid pcDNA I/Amp DNA containing the DHBV pre-S/S or S genes was injected intramuscularly three times, at 3-week intervals. All pre-S/S and S-vaccinated ducks developed total anti-DHBs and specific anti-S antibodies with similar titers reaching 1/10,000 to 1/50,000 and 1/2,500 to 1/4,000, respectively, after the third vaccination. However, following virus challenge, significant differences in the rate of virus removal from the bloodstream and the presence of virus replication in the liver were found between the groups. In three of four S-vaccinated ducks, 90% of the inoculum was removed between <5 and 15 min postchallenge (p.c.) and no virus replication was detected in the liver at 4 days p.c. In contrast, in all four pre-S/S-vaccinated ducks, 90% of the inoculum was removed between 60 and 90 min p.c. and DHBsAg was detected in 10 to 40% of hepatocytes. Anti-S serum abolished virus infectivity when preincubated with DHBV before inoculation into 1-day-old ducklings and primary duck hepatocyte cultures, while anti-pre-S/S serum showed very limited capacity to neutralize virus infectivity in these two systems. Thus, although both DNA vaccines induced high titers of anti-DHBs antibodies, anti-S antibodies induced by the S-DNA construct were highly effective in neutralizing virus infectivity while similar levels of anti-S induced by the pre-S/S-DNA construct conferred only very limited protection. This phenomenon requires further clarification, particularly in light of the development of newer HBV vaccines containing pre-S proteins and a possible discrepancy between anti-HBs titers and protective efficacy.
Dietary Modulators of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Implications for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (2008)

In its simplest form, obesity is a state characterized by nutrient overabundance leading to hypertrophy of storage cells in white adipose tissue and the deposition of excess lipids into key metabolic regions, such as skeletal muscle and liver. Ever so steadily, this condition begins to manifest itself as progressive insulin resistance and thus ensues a myriad of other chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, which all fall into the realm of the metabolic syndrome. To offset imbalances in nutrient availability, however, it appears that nature has developed the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a family of endogenous lipid sensors that adeptly modulate our rates of macronutrient oxidation and regulate the systemic inflammatory response, which itself is tightly linked to the development of obesity-induced chronic disease. By understanding how PPARs alpha, delta and gamma act jointly to maintain metabolic homeostasis and reduce the chronic inflammation associated with obesity, we may one day discover that the machinery needed to defeat obesity and control the devastating consequences of the metabolic syndrome have been with us the entire time.
Proton Conduction in Doped SnP2O7 by using Impedance Spectroscopy and MAS-NMR Spectroscopy (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Heparin-binding protein in lower airway samples as a biomarker for pneumonia (2021)

These data indicate that HBP concentrations is significantly higher in lower airway samples from patients with pneumonia than control subjects and is a potentially useful biomarker for diagnosis of VAP.
Wafer Level 3D Stacking Using Smart Cut and Metal-Metal Direct Bonding Technology (2013)

While significant research effort on various planar approaches, the 3D vertical IC stacking is undoubtedly gaining increasing momentum as a leading contender in the challenge to meet performance, cost, and size demands through this decade and beyond. The Smart CutTM technology allowing the stack of very thin layers with direct bonding is one of the emerging technologies in this field. In this paper, the Smart CutTM technology using low temperature metal direct bonding (allowing direct vertical integration) is demonstrated.
Magnetic resonance imaging in myocardial ischemia (2004)

MRI is a highly accurate method of characterizing both reversible and irreversible myocardial injury and of obtaining information on myocardial viability. It has the ability to prognostic patients by evaluating ejection fraction and contractility. Robust and uncomplicated methodologies for coronary MR angiography are almost on the horizon. Quantification of several parameters used to diagnose, prognosticate, and follow patients with ischemic heart disease should be much easier in the future. It may, with the recent advances in imaging such as 3-T systems, provide major noninvasive diagnostic capability. Cardiac MRI, with its improved imaging, and its ability to treat and monitor various forms of invasive and noninvasive therapy, may attain its potential as a "one-stop shop" in the near future.
Sensorless adaptive optics for isoSTED nanoscopy (2018)

The presence of aberrations is a major concern when using fluorescence microscopy to image deep inside tissue. Aberrations due to refractive index mismatch and heterogeneity of the specimen under investigation cause severe reduction in the amount of fluorescence emission that is collected by the microscope. Furthermore, aberrations adversely affect the resolution, leading to loss of fine detail in the acquired images. These phenomena are particularly troublesome for super-resolution microscopy techniques such as isotropic stimulated-emission-depletion microscopy (isoSTED), which relies on accurate control of the shape and co-alignment of multiple excitation and depletion foci to operate as expected and to achieve the super-resolution effect. Aberrations can be suppressed by implementing sensorless adaptive optics techniques, whereby aberration correction is achieved by maximising a certain image quality metric. In confocal microscopy for example, one can employ the total image brightness as an image quality metric. Aberration correction is subsequently achieved by iteratively changing the settings of a wavefront corrector device until the metric is maximised. This simplistic approach has limited applicability to isoSTED microscopy where, due to the complex interplay between the excitation and depletion foci, maximising the total image brightness can lead to introducing aberrations in the depletion foci. In this work we first consider the effects that different aberration modes have on isoSTED microscopes. We then propose an iterative, wavelet-based aberration correction algorithm and evaluate its benefits.
Prescription patterns of outpatients and the potential of multiplexed pharmacogenomic testing (2020)

Medical outpatients have a substantial probability of benefiting from pre-emptive PGx testing and this is higher in certain subgroups of patients.