gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Network Coding in Lossy Wireless Networks (2008)

We study network coding for multi-hop wireless networks. We focus the case of broadcasting, where one source transmits information to all the nodes in the network. Our goal is energy-efficient broadcasting, in other words, to minimize the number of transmissions for broadcasting to the entire network. In this report, we focus on lossy wireless networks, where the probability of successful transmission between two nodes, depends on the distance between the node. Our main result is that a proof of an asymptotic bound of the maximum broadcast rate between a source and the destinations. This result implies the asymptotic optimality of network coding with our hypothesis, with respect to energy-efficiency.
Efficient Angle Tunable Output from a Monolithic Serial KTA Optical Parametric Oscillator (2001)

Many applications requiring wavelength conversion of 1 pm pulsed laser output to the 1.5 pm “eyesafe” region use optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) that employ potassium titanyl arsenate (KTA) or potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) as the non-linear medium.
Clinical evaluation of a rapid, pupil-based assessment of retinal damage associated with glaucoma (2008)

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new test, the Pupilmetrix PLR60, which uses the pupillary light reflex (PLR) to detect asymmetric retinal damage in patients diagnosed with glaucoma. Methods: 30 patients, clinically diagnosed as having glaucoma, were recruited to the study, 29 of whom completed testing using the PLR60. A control group of 30 patients who had glaucoma excluded by clinical examination were also recruited and tested using the same protocol on the PLR60. Results: Of the 110 eyes with test outcomes, overall agreement between the PLR60 result and clinical diagnosis (glaucoma positive or negative) per eye was 84.7%. Sensitivity was 93.1% (95% CI 77.2%-99.2%) and specificity was 76.7% (95% CI 57.7%-90.1%). Average (SD) test times (min:sec) for both eyes were 3:21 (0:33) minutes for the glaucoma group and 2:40 (0:35) minutes for the non-glaucoma group. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study suggest that the PLR as used in the Pupilmetrix PLR60 test is able to discriminate between patients with glaucomatous retinal defects and those with clinically normal retinas with a diagnostic accuracy that is potentially useful for screening for glaucoma. Test times were markedly quicker than with standard visual field testing. 2009 Wride et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.
Reprogramming pancreatic stellate cells via p53 activation: A putative target for pancreatic cancer therapy (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extremely dense fibrotic stroma, which contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. During tumorigenesis, quiescent pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated and become major contributors to fibrosis, by increasing growth factor signaling and extracellular matrix deposition. The p53 tumor suppressor is known to restrict tumor initiation and progression through cell autonomous mechanisms including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. There is growing evidence that stromal p53 also exerts anti-tumor activity by paracrine mechanisms, though a role for stromal p53 in PDAC has not yet been described. Here, we demonstrate that activation of stromal p53 exerts anti-tumor effects in PDAC. We show that primary cancer-associated PSCs (caPSCs) isolated from human PDAC express wild-type p53, which can be activated by the Mdm2 antagonist Nutlin-3a. Our work reveals that p53 acts as a major regulator of PSC activation and as a modulator of PDAC fibrosis. In vitro, p53 activation by Nutlin-3a induces profound transcriptional changes, which reprogram activated PSCs to quiescence. Using immunofluorescence and lipidomics, we have also found that p53 activation induces lipid droplet accumulation in both normal and tumor-associated fibroblasts, revealing a previously undescribed role for p53 in lipid storage. In vivo, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the clinical form of Nutlin-3a induces stromal p53 activation, reverses caPSCs activation, and decreases fibrosis. All together our work uncovers new functions for stromal p53 in PDAC.
Strain-specific Loss of Formyl Peptide Receptor 3 in the Murine Vomeronasal and Immune Systems (2016)

Formyl peptide receptor 3 (Fpr3, also known as Fpr-rs1) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in subsets of sensory neurons of the mouse vomeronasal organ, an olfactory substructure essential for social recognition. Fpr3 has been implicated in the sensing of infection-associated olfactory cues, but its expression pattern and function are incompletely understood. To facilitate visualization of Fpr3-expressing cells, we generated and validated two new anti-Fpr3 antibodies enabling us to analyze acute Fpr3 protein expression. Fpr3 is not only expressed in murine vomeronasal sensory neurons but also in bone marrow cells, the primary source for immune cell renewal, and in mature neutrophils. Consistent with the notion that Fpr3 functions as a pathogen sensor, Fpr3 expression in the immune system is up-regulated after stimulation with a bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). These results strongly support a dual role for Fpr3 in both vomeronasal sensory neurons and immune cells. We also identify a large panel of mouse strains with severely altered expression and function of Fpr3, thus establishing the existence of natural Fpr3 knock-out strains. We attribute distinct Fpr3 expression in these strains to the presence or absence of a 12-nucleotide in-frame deletion (Fpr3Δ424-435). In vitro calcium imaging and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrate that the lack of four amino acids leads to an unstable, truncated, and non-functional receptor protein. The genome of at least 19 strains encodes a non-functional Fpr3 variant, whereas at least 13 other strains express an intact receptor. These results provide a foundation for understanding the in vivo function of Fpr3.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of iodine labelled pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines as highly selective dopamine D4 receptor ligands (2001)

Two 131I-labelled radioligands, namely 3-(4-[131I]iodophenylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and 3-(4-chlorophenylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-7-[131I]iodopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, which are required for studies or binding of these ligands to the D4 receptor, have been synthesized in 80% and 32% radiochemical yields, respectively; the radiochemical purity in each case was >97%. For the second radioligand a kit preparation, based on iododestannylation followed by solid-phase extraction, was possible. In vitro characterization using CHO-cells expressing different dopamine receptor subtypes gave Ki values of 3.1 and 2.6 nM. Both radioligands are highly selective for the D4 subtype as compared to other dopamine subtypes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metalcones: Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Films Fabricated Using Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition Techniques (2011)

Hybrid organic-inorganic films can be deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques. A special set of hybrid organic-inorganic films based on metal precursors and various organic alcohols yields metal alkoxide films that can be described as "metalcones." Many metalcone films are possible such as the "alucones" and "zincones" based on the reaction of trimethylaluminum and diethylzinc, respectively, with various organic alcohols such as ethylene glycol (EG). This paper reviews the previous work on metalcone MLD and discusses a variety of new metalcone systems. "Titanicones" are grown using TiCl4 and glycerol or EG and "zircones" are grown using zirconium tetra-tert-butoxide and EG. In addition, the organic alcohol can also be varied to change the properties within one metalcone family. For example, the glycerol triol precursor allows for more cross-linking and higher toughness in alucones than the EG diol precursor. Alloys can also be formed by combining metalcone MLD and metal oxide ALD. By varying the relative number of cycles of MLD and ALD, the composition and properties of the hybrid organic-inorganic films can be tuned from pure metalcone MLD to pure metal oxide ALD.
Open Speech Platform (2020)

Hearing aids help overcome the challenges associated with hearing loss, and thus greatly benefit and improve the lives of those living with hearing-impairment. Unfortunately, there is a lack of adoption of hearing aids among those that can benefit from hearing aids. Hearing researchers and audiologists are trying to address this problem through their research. However, the current proprietary hearing aid market makes it difficult for academic researchers to translate their findings into commercial use. In order to abridge this gap and accelerate research in hearing health care, we present the design and implementation of the Open Speech Platform (OSP), which consists of a co-design of open-source hardware and software. The hardware meets the industry standards and enables researchers to conduct experiments in the field. The software is designed with a systematic and modular approach to standardize algorithm implementation and simplify user interface development. We evaluate the performance of OSP regarding both its hardware and software, as well as demonstrate its usefulness via a self-fitting study involving human participants.
Balancing Queueing and Retransmission: Latency-Optimal Massive MIMO Design (2019)

One fundamental challenge in 5G URLLC is how to optimize massive MIMO systems for achieving low latency and high reliability. A natural design choice to maximize reliability and minimize retransmission is to select the lowest allowed target error rate. However, the overall latency is the sum of queueing latency and retransmission latency, hence choosing the lowest target error rate does not always minimize the overall latency. In this paper, we minimize the overall latency by jointly designing the target error rate and transmission rate adaptation, which leads to a fundamental tradeoff point between queueing and retransmission latency. This design problem can be formulated as a Markov decision process, which is theoretically optimal, but its complexity is prohibitively high for real-system deployments. We managed to develop a low-complexity closed-form policy named Large-arraY Reliability and Rate Control (LYRRC), which is proven to be asymptotically latency-optimal as the number of antennas increases. In LYRRC, the transmission rate is twice of the arrival rate, and the target error rate is a function of the antenna number, arrival rate, and channel estimation error. With simulated and measured channels, our evaluations find LYRRC satisfies the latency and reliability requirements of URLLC in all the tested scenarios.
Active Learning: A Survey (2014)

In all these cases, labels can be obtained, but only at a significant cost to the end user. An important observation is that all records are not equally important from the perspective of labeling. For
example, some records may be noisy and contain no useful features that are relevant to classification. Similarly, records that cleanly belong to one class or another may be helpful, but less so than
records that lie closer to the separation boundaries between the different classes.
Molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis (2002)

Pulmonary fibrosis is the end-point of a numerous and heterogeneous group of disorders known as interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Lung fibrotic remodeling is characterized by fibroblast/myofibroblast activation, and excessive extracellular matrix accumulation leading to progressive organ dysfunction and usually terminal outcome. Treatment is largely ineffective primarily because few of the molecular mechanisms have been well defined to design appropriate targets for therapy. While the pathogenesis is incompletely understood, a growing body of evidence suggests two different pathogenic routes for developing pulmonary fibrosis. The inflammatory pathway, where a shift to the so-called T-helper 2 type cytokine networks is critical, and the epithelial pathway represented by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, by far the most aggressive ILD. In this pathway the inflammatory process is irrelevant, and the physiopathology seems to be dominated by epithelial cell injury and activation. Both routes may trigger a number of cytokines/growth factors inducing fibroblast migration/proliferation and phenotype change to myofibroblasts, with a consequent accumulation of extracellular matrix. An imbalance in matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases may contribute to alteration in extracellular matrix turnover and remodeling. This review will focus in some of the mechanisms involved in both prefibrotic pathways, as well as those involved in fibroblast activation and abnormal matrix deposition.
High linearity voltage response differential cell (2013)

A cell consisting of two differentially connected parallel arrays are studied in detail, and conditions for high linearity voltage response to magnetic signal are summarized. Specifically, in contrast to an ideal case of zero coupling inductances, the realistic cell has to be based on regular arrays rather than parallel Superconducting Quantum Interference Filters (SQIFs). Optimization of the cell parameters and balancing the load impact are analyzed and discussed.
Balanced InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes for single photon detection (2012)

—We demonstrate a sinusoidally-gated InGaAs/InP photodiode pair operated at wavelength of 1310 nm with high photon detection efficiency (PDE) and low dark count rate (DCR). The photodiode pair is biased in a balanced scenario so that the common component of the output signal is cancelled. The concept of balanced photodiodes helps improve detection efficiency while canceling the common mode signal, which, in this case, is the capacitive response of the photodiodes. In conventional sinusoidal gating, an extra component, – an RF filter (or several) at the gating frequency, is utilized to filter out the gating signal and leave the avalanche signal for detection. For this configuration, sinusoidally-gated counting systems are restricted to a single frequency. With the balanced single photon diodes (SPAD), sinusoidal gating within a continuous frequency range is feasible. A printed circuit with symmetric layout of two bias tees was fabricated on a duroid board to enable the application of AC and DC signals for the dual SPADs. At a laser repletion rate of 1 MHz and temperature of 240 K the DCR and PDE were 58 kHz and 43%, respectively. Afterpulsing probability was lower compared with a sinusoidually-gated single SPAD. Jitter of 240 ps was achieved with 1 photon per pulse for an excess bias of 1.6%.
On the Linear Codebook-Level Duality Between Slepian–Wolf Coding and Channel Coding (2009)

In this paper, it is shown that each Slepian-Wolf coding problem is related to a dual channel coding problem in the sense that the sphere packing exponents, random coding exponents, and correct decoding exponents in these two problems are mirror-symmetrical to each other. This mirror symmetry is interpreted as a manifestation of the linear codebook-level duality between Slepian-Wolf coding and channel coding. Furthermore, this duality, in conjunction with a systematic analysis of the expurgated exponents, reveals that nonlinear Slepian-Wolf codes can strictly outperform linear Slepian-Wolf codes in terms of rate-error tradeoff at high rates. The linear codebook-level duality is also established for general sources and channels.
Relation of the Number of Cross-Links and Mechanical Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films Formed by a Dehydration Condensation Reaction (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Superior Temperature Performance of Si-Ge Waveguide Avalanche Photodiodes at 64Gbps PAM4 Operation (2020)

We demonstrate a low voltage Si-Ge waveguide avalanche photodiode with extremely high temperature performance. It exhibits high temperature stability from 30 °C to 90 °C, and achieves excellent operation with 64 Gb/s PAM4 modulation.
Natural language generation and fuzzy sets: An exploratory study on geographical referring expression generation (2016)

We explore how the problem of uncertainty and imprecision in natural language generation (NLG) could be addressed through the use of fuzzy sets. We propose bringing together standard empirical procedures for knowledge acquisition in NLG and computing with words/perceptions related techniques (with a special focus on linguistic description of data) to address an open challenge in NLG: the generation of geographical referring expressions. Following this methodology, we present an exploratory experiment which provides some insights about how human subjects refer to geographical expressions and discuss how the obtained results might relate to the use of fuzzy sets.
Stable electro-optic frequency comb generation using an ultrahigh finesse etalon filtered optoelectronic oscillator (2018)

In this work we investigate the overall stability of tunable, broadband electro-optic frequency combs created in an optoelectronic oscillator filtered with an ultra-high finesse Fabry-Perot etalon. Fractional frequency stability measurements show Allan deviations as low as 3E-13 for the comb central frequency of 193THz, and as low as 5E-10 on the 10.5GHz repetition frequency. At timescales of &tau; = 0.1s, the total frequency fluctuation of the outermost comb lines is calculated to be on the order of 388Hz. Individual comb line amplitude stability is also investigated, and the average amplitude fluctuation amongst all comb lines within 10dB amplitude deviation is measured to be &plusmn; 0.22dB standard deviation.
Biofiltration of bitumen vapours - Operational aspects (2007)

[Abstract] This study was carried out in response to odour problems around a bitumen mixing and storage plant. The general objective of this study was to determine the potential of biofiltration for the treatment of air containing bitumen vapours. Two pilot-scale biofilters, a single-stage system and a two-stage system, were operated using a synthetic gas for a period of 106 days. Results demonstrated that a period of about 50 days was necessary to reach a steady state. The two biofilters performed very well in regards to H2S, while VOC treatment was much less efficient. Maximum elimination capacities of 25 g·m-3·h-1 for H2S and 5.3 g·m-3·h-1 for VOCs were obtained with the two-stage system. It was possible to establish certain operating conditions necessary for proper operation and to determine that a two-stage system is more efficient for the simultaneous treatment of H2S and VOCs.
Color conversion method for multi-primary display for spectral color reproduction (2004)

In the conventional color reproduction based on the colorimetric match for a standard observer, color mismatch can be perceived if the color matching functions of the observer deviate from those of the standard observer; this phenomenon is known as observer metamerism. Recently, multi-primary display, using more than three-primary colors, has attracted attention as a color reproduction media because of its expanded gamut and its possibility to reduce the color mismatch caused by observer metamerism. In this paper, a new color conversion method for multi-primary display that reduces the observer metamerism is proposed. The proposed method gives the multi-dimensional control value of a display device to minimize the spectral approximation error under the constraints of tristimulus match. Reproduced spectrum by a seven-primary display is simulated and evaluated by the color matching functions of Stiles's 20 observers. The results confirmed that the proposed method reduces the color reproduction error caused by observer variability compared to the other seven-primary reproduction and conventional three-primary reproduction. The preliminary visual evaluation results with a seven-primary display using light-emitting diodes are also introduced.
TheMoraxella catarrhalisImmunoglobulin D-Binding Protein MID Has Conserved Sequences and Is Regulated by a Mechanism Corresponding to Phase Variation (2003)

The prevalence of the Moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin D (IgD)-binding outer membrane protein MID and its gene was determined in 91 clinical isolates and in 7 culture collection strains. Eighty-four percent of the clinical Moraxella strains expressed MID-dependent IgD binding. The mid gene was detected in all strains as revealed by homology of the signal peptide sequence and a conserved area in the 3' end of the gene. When MID proteins from five different strains were compared, an identity of 65.3 to 85.0% and a similarity of 71.2 to 89.1% were detected. Gene analyses showed several amino acid repeat motifs in the open reading frames, and MID could be called a putative autotransport protein. Interestingly, homopolymeric [polyguanine [poly(G)]] tracts were detected at the 5' ends within the open reading frames. By flow cytometry, using human IgD and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-IgD polyclonal antibodies, most strains showed two peaks: one high- and one low-intensity peak. All isolates expressing high levels of MID had 1, 2, or 3 triplets of G's in their poly(G) tracts, while strains not expressing MID had 4, 7, 8, or 10 G's in their poly(G) tracts or point mutations causing a putative preterminated translation. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mid gene was regulated at the transcriptional level. Experiments with nonclumping variants of M. catarrhalis proved that bacteria lost their MID expression by removing a G in their poly(G) tracts. Moraxella strains isolated from the nasopharynx or from blood and sputum specimens expressed MID at approximately the same frequency. In addition, no variation was observed between strains of different geographical origins (Australia, Europe, Japan, or the United States). MID and the mid gene were found solely in M. catarrhalis, whereas related Neisseria and Moraxella species did not express MID. Taken together, MID appears to be a conserved protein that can be found in essentially all M. catarrhalis strains. Furthermore, MID is governed by poly(G) tracts when bacteria undergo phase variation.
Microarray analysis of port wine stains before and after pulsed dye laser treatment (2013)

In summary, gene expression profiles from N, PWS, and PWS + PDL demonstrated significant variation within samples from the same donor and between donors. By doing pair-wise comparisons between samples taken from the same donor and comparing these results between donors, we were able to identify genes that may participate in formation of PWS and PDL effects. Our preliminary results indicate changes in gene expression of angiogenesis-related genes, suggesting that dysregulation of angiogenic signals and/or components may contribute to PWS pathology.
Spectroscopic Characterization of the Bridging Amine in the Active Site of [FeFe] Hydrogenase Using Isotopologues of the H-Cluster (2015)

The active site of [FeFe] hydrogenase contains a catalytic binuclear iron subsite coordinated by CN(-) and CO ligands as well as a unique azadithiolate (adt(2-)) bridging ligand. It has been established that this binuclear cofactor is synthesized and assembled by three maturation proteins HydE, -F, and -G. By means of in vitro maturation in the presence of (15)N- and (13)C-labeled tyrosine it has been shown that the CN(-) and CO ligands originate from tyrosine. The source of the bridging adt(2-) ligand, however, remains unknown. In order to identify the nitrogen of the bridging amine using HYSCORE spectroscopy and distinguish its spectroscopic signature from that of the CN(-) nitrogens, we studied three isotope-labeled variants of the H-cluster ((15)N-adt(2-)/C(14)N(-), (15)N-adt(2-)/C(15)N(-), and (14)N-adt(2-)/C(15)N(-)) and extracted accurate values of the hyperfine and quadrupole couplings of both CN(-) and adt(2-) nitrogens. This will allow an evaluation of isotopologues of the H-cluster generated by in vitro bioassembly in the presence of various (15)N-labeled potential precursors as possible sources of the bridging ligand.