gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine D3receptor agents as potential new medications for drug addiction (2000)

All drugs abused by humans increase dopamine in the shell of nucleus accumbens, which implicate the neurons of this structure in their hedonic and reinforcing properties. Among the various dopamine receptor subtypes, the D(1) (D(1)R) and D(3) (D(3)R) receptors co-localise in accumbal shell neurons. Synergistic D(1)R/D(3)R interactions at this level were found on gene expression and during induction and expression of behavioral sensitisation to levodopa in rats bearing unilateral lesions of dopamine neurons. Behavioral sensitisation to abused drugs is a component of their long-term effects. Converging pharmacologic, human postmortem and genetic studies suggest the involvement of the D(3)R in reinforcing effects of drugs; D(3)R agonists reduced cocaine self-administration in rats, without disrupting the maintenance of self-administration. These data suggest the use of D(3)R agonists as partial substitutes to treat cocaine dependence, by affecting its reward component. However, substitution therapies maintain dependence and may be inefficient on drug craving and relapse, which are the unsolved and critical problems in the treatment of drug addiction. Recently, a highly selective and partial D(3)R agonist was shown to reduce cocaine-associated cue-controlled behaviour in rats, without having any primary intrinsic effects. As drug-associated cues maintain drug-seeking in animals and elicit craving and relapse in humans, such D(3)R agents have potential therapeutic applications.
Markerless Real-Time 3-Dimensional kV Tracking of Lung Tumors During Free Breathing Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (2021)

3D markerless tumor tracking on a standard linear accelerator using template matching and triangulation of free-breathing kV fluoroscopic images was possible in 65% of small lung tumors. The smallest tumors were most challenging.
Energy–Delay Optimization of 64-Bit Carry-Lookahead Adders With a 240 ps 90 nm CMOS Design Example (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A methodology for energy–delay optimization of digital circuits is presented. This methodology is applied to minimizing the delay of representative carry-lookahead adders under energy constraints. Impact of various design choices, including the carry-lookahead tree structure and logic style, are analyzed in the energy–delay space and verified through optimization. The result of the optimization is demonstrated on a design of the fastest adder found, a 240-ps Ling sparse domino adder in 1 V, 90 nm CMOS. The optimality of the results is assessed against the impact of technology scaling. </para>
Mapping of the basic amino‐acid residues responsible for tubulation and cellular protrusion by the EFC/F‐BAR domain of pacsin2/Syndapin II (2010)

The extended Fes-CIP4 homology (EFC)/FCH-BAR (F-BAR) domain tubulates membranes. Overexpression of the pacsin2 EFC/F-BAR domain resulted in tubular localization inside cells and deformed liposomes into tubules in vitro. We found that overexpression of the pacsin2 EFC/F-BAR domain induced cellular microspikes, with the pacsin2 EFC/F-BAR domain concentrated at the neck. The hydrophobic loops and the basic amino-acid residues on the concave surface of the pacsin2 EFC/F-BAR domain are essential for both the microspike formation and tubulation. Since the curvature of the neck of the microspike and that of the tubulation share similar geometry, the pacsin2 EFC/F-BAR domain is considered to facilitate both microspike formation and tubulation.
Predicting reflectances of Neugebauer primaries by relying on separately measured ink transmittances (2012)

Modern printers allow printing on different paper types with many different coloured inks. Therefore, predicting the reflectances of paper printed with solid inks and ink superpositions (Neugebauer primaries) is of high importance. Given the separately measured transmittance of an ink and the reflectance of a white diffusing background, we try to predict the reflectance of the inked white diffusing background by relying on a modified Saunderson formula accounting for the differences in the measurement geometries when performing transmittance and reflectance measurements. Accurate reflectance predictions are obtained for the cyan and magenta ink patches as well as for their ink superpositions. Less accurate predictions are obtained for the yellow ink patches or for ink superpositions incorporating the yellow ink. We suspect that the yellow ink layer is at the origin of optical phenomena which behave differently in reflectance and transmittance modes, and therefore allow less accurate predictions.
High-Confinement Strained MQW for Highly Polarized High-Power Broadband Light Source (2007)

This letter presents highly polarized edge light-emitting diodes with high-confinement, strained, multiple quantum-well active regions. We demonstrate +40 dB of polarization extinction along with 16 dBm of output power from an 800-mum-long centered quantum-well device. By characterizing the polarization extinction and gain of devices with different lengths and optical confinement, we show that the polarization extinction is dominated by the polarization sensitivity of the gain
Modeling the Anodic Half‐Cell of a Low‐Temperature Coal Fuel Cell (2005)

Die partielle Oxidation von subbituminöser Kohle durch FeIII-Ionen in 5 M H2SO4 bei 100 °C wurde als Anodenreaktion in einer prototypischen Kohle-Brennstoffzelle mit einer Lösung von VO2+/VO2+ in 5 M H2SO4 als kathodischer Halbzelle kombiniert (siehe Schema). Die Zelle arbeitete 1000 h bei 100 °C ohne Leistungsabfall, die maximale Stromdichte betrug 5 A L−1 und die Leistungsdichte 0.6 W L−1.
Integrin-Mediated Actions of Thyroid Hormone Analogues on Tumor Cell Chemosensitivity, Integrin-Growth Factor Receptor Crosstalk and Inflammatory Gene Expression (2012)

The sodium/proton (Na/H) exchanger, Na,K-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase are membrane ion pumps whose basal activities may be regulated by local nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone and hormone analogues via a hormone receptor on plasma membrane integrin αvβ3. System A amino acid transport and the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1), a multidrug efflux pump, are also modulated by thyroid hormone and αvβ3. Where signal transduction has been studied, the presence of the hormone at the receptor is transduced by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms (ERK1/2; p38) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase into local actions. The existence of the cell surface receptor offers opportunities to pharmacologically modify actions of these important transport functions with nanoparticulate formulations of T4 and T3 that do not enter the cell. Such formulations may reverse complex intracellular accumulations of H+, Na+, and Ca2+ that occur in clinical settings such as ischemia. In addition, nanoparticulate tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a thyroid hormone analogue that inhibits binding of T4 and T3 to integrin αvβ3 as well as certain other functions of the integrin, may reverse P-gp-dependent resistance to anti-cancer drugs in tumor cells.
T-Junction Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymer−Homopolymer Blends (2000)

T-junction grain boundaries were studied in a blend of polyisoprene homopolymer and a single graft block copolymer I2S with two equal length blocks of polyisoprene and one arm of polystyrene linked at a common junction point. The overall polyisoprene volume fraction in the blend was 0.52, and its equilibrium morphology was lamellar. While T-junctions were previously observed to be quite rare compared to other tilt grain boundary morphologies such as chevrons and omegas, they were found in abundance in the blend used in the current study. The T-junctions in the blend show a number of distinctive characteristics including enlarged semicylindrical end caps terminating polystyrene lamella and an increase in the spacing of the lamella as they near their termination at the T-junction. Simple free energy calculations show that the homopolymer present in the blend stabilizes the cylindrical curvature of the end caps, rendering the T-junction morphology more stable in blends than in neat block copolymers. This agrees with the observed greater frequency of occurrence of the T-junctions in our blend sample than in neat block copolymers.
Closure of a patent foramen ovale for the prevention of stroke (2018)

Abstract The prevention of stroke has attracted great interest related to two major issues: (1) the enormous patient and family consequences of the impact of stroke in their lives and accordingly their great interest in preventing either an initial event or a recurrent event. Stroke may be considered the most devastating complication of cardiovascular disease. (2) The societal impact and cost of the complications of stroke both as mortality but as importantly long-term disability. Cardioembolic strokes are associated with the highest mortality and morbidity and also have the highest rate of recurrence. The role of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has received great attention in part because of the graphic images both postmortem and echocardiographic of thrombi transiting the PFO right to left resulting in stroke or systemic thromboembolism. Several strategies have been developed including the intuitively obvious one of mechanically closing the PFO; multiple devices have been developed and are now used clinically. Assessment of the effect of device closure on stroke or transient ischaemic attack has been difficult. This is related to several factors including the high prevalence of PFO in the entire population compared with the low incidence of embolic events, the specific population in which the device is tested, and the fact that medical therapy can be effective in some patients. There is still controversy about optimal patient selection criteria for device implantation and its role relative to medical therapy. Optimal patients in whom to consider implantation include patients with cryptogenic stroke, particularly those with recurrent events.
A discussion of data center power challenges across the system (2010)

Data centers are fast-growing electricity consumers. Electric power system configurations and energy management opportunities are discussed across all levels of a data center, with emphasis on building distribution and dc conversion. Several strategies that enhance center energy efficiency are discussed. The general issues are related to energy and reliability needs of telecommunications power systems. It is shown that best-case scenarios based on emerging methods can achieve energy reductions approaching 30% for data centers.
The K−π+ S-wave from the D+→K−π+π+ decay (2009)

Using data from FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present a model independent partial-wave analysis of the K−π+ S-wave amplitude from the decay D+→K−π+π+. The S-wave is a generic complex function to be determined directly from the data fit. The P- and D-waves are parameterized by a sum of Breit–Wigner amplitudes. The measurement of the S-wave amplitude covers the whole elastic range of the K−π+ system.
Vascular and Urogenital Sealants and Blocks (2012)

Introduction ......................................................................................................... 117 Restenosis ............................................................................................................. 118 DES Devices ......................................................................................................... 119 Nitric Oxide Therapy .......................................................................................... 120 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 123 References ............................................................................................................. 124Restenosis is characterized as a healing response following the injury caused by PCI that occurs over a period of 3-6 months. Vessel injury during vascular procedures triggers a cascade of events that leads to the eventual restenosis (Libby et al. 1992; Eltchaninoff et al. 1998; Bhatia et al. 2004) (Figure 6.1); the need to improve current methods drives biomedical research in this area, including the development of new materials for next-generation stents and localized drug delivery.
APPLICATION OF WAVELET TRANSFORMS ON ACCELERATION RECORDS: PRACTICAL APPROACH (2021)

APPLICATION OF WAVELET TRANSFORMS ON ACCELERATION RECORDS: PRACTICAL APPROACH - 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering - 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece
On the Lack of Robust Interpretability of Neural Text Classifiers (2021)

With the ever-increasing complexity of neural language models, practitioners have turned to methods for understanding the predictions of these models. One of the most welladopted approaches for model interpretability is feature-based interpretability, i.e., ranking the features in terms of their impact on model predictions. Several prior studies have focused on assessing the fidelity of feature-based interpretability methods, i.e., measuring the impact of dropping the top-ranked features on the model output. However, relatively little work has been conducted on quantifying the robustness of interpretations. In this work, we assess the robustness of interpretations of neural text classifiers, specifically, those based on pretrained Transformer encoders, using two randomization tests. The first compares the interpretations of two models that are identical except for their initializations. The second measures whether the interpretations differ between a model with trained parameters and a model with random parameters. Both tests show surprising deviations from expected behavior, raising questions about the extent of insights that practitioners may draw from interpretations.
No-boundary thinking in bioinformatics research (2013)

Currently there are definitions from many agencies and research societies defining "bioinformatics" as deriving knowledge from computational analysis of large volumes of biological and biomedical data. Should this be the bioinformatics research focus? We will discuss this issue in this review article. We would like to promote the idea of supporting human-infrastructure (HI) with no-boundary thinking (NT) in bioinformatics (HINT).
Total surface hip arthroplasty in dogs using a fiber metal composite as a fixation method (1983)

A total hip surface replacement was performed on 13 adult mongrel dogs using a porous fiber metal composite for fixation to bone. Titanium fiber composite rings were molded onto cylindrical acetabular prostheses, and cobalt-chrome fiber inserts were sintered onto the cast cobalt-chrome femoral components. The animals were allowed unrestricted walking. Four dogs were sacrificed between 3 and 5 weeks, five at 7 weeks, one with a femoral neck fracture at 12 weeks, and three at 26 weeks. Bone ingrowth was accomplished in 20 of the 26 prosthetic components. This included 12 femoral components and eight acetabular. The main reason for failure appeared to be inadequate primary fixation, secondary to either poor design or technical difficulties experienced during the surgical procedure.
Bringing Media Spaces Back to the Streets Notes on the Interplay of Research on Media Space and Mobile Communication (2009)

Abstract In this chapter, we argue for the mutual relevance of media space and mobile communications researches. Surveying the two literatures, we note that the findings of media space research are often echoed by later mobile communication research and discuss some of the ideas they hold in common. However, mobile phones are used in a more diverse environment, both organizationally and physically. As such, research on mobile communication can be seen as not only building upon, but also significantly extending media space research. We discuss a few cases where this is true, as well as our own attempts to explore these connections through design and prototyping.
Improving isopropanol tolerance and production of Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 by random mutagenesis and genome shuffling (2016)

Random mutagenesis and genome shuffling was applied to improve solvent tolerance and isopropanol/butanol/ethanol (IBE) production in the strictly anaerobic bacteria Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423. Following chemical mutagenesis with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), screening of putatively improved strains was done by submitting the mutants to toxic levels of inhibitory chemicals or by screening for their tolerance to isopropanol (>35 g/L). Suicide substrates, such as ethyl or methyl bromobutyrate or alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors like allyl alcohol, were tested and, finally, 36 mutants were isolated. The fermentation profiles of these NTG mutant strains were characterized, and the best performing mutants were used for consecutive rounds of genome shuffling. Screening of strains with further enhancement in isopropanol tolerance at each recursive shuffling step was then used to spot additionally improved strains. Three highly tolerant strains were finally isolated and able to withstand up to 50 g/L isopropanol on plates. Even if increased tolerance to the desired end product was not always accompanied by higher production capabilities, some shuffled strains showed increased solvent titers compared to the parental strains and the original C. beijerinckii DSM 6423. This study confirms the efficiency of genome shuffling to generate improved strains toward a desired phenotype such as alcohol tolerance. This tool also offers the possibility of obtaining improved strains of Clostridium species for which targeted genetic engineering approaches have not been described yet.
Thermal and Oxidation Response of UHTC Leading Edge Samples Exposed to Simulated Hypersonic Flight Conditions (2013)

Sharp leading edge (LE) samples of UHTC (20 vol% SiC – HfB 2 ) and SiC were exposed to simulated hypersonic flight conditions using a direct‐connect scramjet rig and their thermal and oxidation responses measured. The measured back‐wall temperatures and scale thicknesses were significantly smaller than might be expected from stagnation temperatures at the LE. Furthermore, the scale that formed around the LE was more uniform than expected from the steep drop in cold wall heat flux with distance from the tip. These results were interpreted and rationalized using physics‐based models. An aerothermal model in combination with an oxidation model accounted for the observed scale thicknesses at the tip and their slight variation with distance. The scale thicknesses were similar to values reported for exposures in furnaces at temperatures calculated for the tip, but less than those reported in arc jet tests. The formation of hafnon (HfSiO 4 ) and the absence of external glassy layer and of silica in the outer portions of the oxide region are unique to scramjet tested samples, presumably due to the high fluid flow (high shear and evaporation) rates.
C0 Zigzag Kinematic Displacement Models for the Analysis of Laminated Composites (1999)

Abstract Three new theories for analysis of laminated composite and sandwich structures are presented and assessed for accuracy and for suitability for finite-element analysis. These theories are based on assumed displacement fields that consist of a smooth polynomial expansion (quadratic, fully cubic, and partly cubic) in the thickness coordinate with a piecewise (layerwise) linear field superposed upon them. Interlaminar transverse shear continuity is enforced to make the number of degrees of freedom in the theories independent of the number of layers (plies) in the structure. In the case of the quadratic and partly cubic theories, a special formulation is developed that yields a theory in which all variables are C0continuous. In addition, a new transverse normal strain field is derived by assuming the transverse normal stress to be constant through the thickness of the laminate. The final form of the model uses only engineering-type degrees of freedom-displacements and rotations. To verify the accuracy of the proposed theories, Navier-type solutions are developed for a simply supported beam subjected to a sinusoidally varying transverse load and the results are compared with an analytical elasticity solution. The results show that all the proposed theories predict local stresses very accurately compared to the first-order shear deformation theory.
Gated single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging phase analysis as an imaging biomarker for mortality prediction in heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (2021)

PSD and PHB, measured by GMPS, may serve as biomarkers for the prediction of survival in patients undergoing CRT.
Abstract 11720: Loss of Vascular Smooth-Muscle Activity During Moderate Physical Activity as a Hallmark of Aging in Human Subjects (2021)

Studies have shown a higher risk of adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery in patients with reduced complexity of arterial-pressure dynamics (APD). We hypothesized that this effect is caused by age-related loss of vascular smooth-muscle activity (VSMA). This hypothesis was tested using data from 30 humans and a validated, large-scale theoretical model of circulation with VSMA blocked (T-model). The results were also verified in a realistic physical model of circulation (P-model, Fig.1). Methods: ECG and APD data were recorded using a high-fidelity system (APEX, PinMed, Inc.) during moderate physical activity (handgrip followed by leg lifts) in 30 subjects (age: 46±10y, 53% female; pressure ranges for systolic, diastolic, and mean: 90-210, 49-116, and 67-147mm, respectively). Results: T-model accurately predicted APD in older subjects ≥48y (n=13, r 2 =0.74; Fig.2); this effect was preserved in both females and males, but not in younger subjects (n=17, r 2 =0.13). The difference between the older and younger subjects was pronounced (40%) and significant (p=0.01, F-test). In P-model, changes in cardiac force produced changes in central arterial pressure that were in excellent agreement with those observed in humans ≥48y (r 2 =0.93, Fig.3). Conclusions: Loss of VSMA during physical activity could serve as an important prognostic/diagnostic indicator of cardiovascular aging and disease.
A Single Functional Group Substitution in C5a Breaks B Cell and T Cell Tolerance and Protects Against Experimental Arthritis (2013)

The results of this study suggest that the most effective anti-C5a treatment in arthritis can be accomplished using a preventive vaccination strategy, and that treatment using conventional biologic or small molecule strategies targeting the C5a/C5aR axis may miss the optimal window for therapeutic intervention during the subclinical priming phase of the disease.
Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics in Systems Toxicology (2009)

Abstract Advances of proteomics and its application to toxicological studies have led to the development of a new discipline, toxicoproteomics. Toxicoproteomics and its associated technologies are vital for the understanding of toxicity in systems toxicology. Many quantitative proteomic technologies including gel‐based and solution‐based approaches have been developed. Mass spectrometry is the core technology in proteomics for its capabilities of protein identification and quantification. While global quantitative proteome analysis using either stable isotope labeling or label‐free approaches enables the discovery of toxicity biomarkers and toxicity mechanisms, targeted proteomic approaches such as MRM could play important roles in biomarker validation and quantitative analysis of targeted proteins and pathways. To qualify biomarkers for clinical application, biomarker candidates have to be clinically verified and the assay has to be analytically validated. It is essential that quantitative proteomic analysis is eventually conducted in an absolute fashion. Such absolute quantification should be relied on robust stable isotope labeled peptide/protein standards.