gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of FFR-CT to manual segmentation (2018)

Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), the ratio of arterial pressure distal to a coronary lesion to the proximal pressure, is indicative of its hemodynamic significance. This quantity can be determined from invasive measurements made with a catheter, or by using computational methods incorporating models of the the coronary vasculature. One of the inputs needed by a model-based approach for estimating FFR from Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) images (denoted FFR-CT) is the geometry of the coronary arteries, which requires segmentation of the coronary lumen. Several algorithms have been proposed for coronary lumen segmentation, including the recent application of machine learning techniques. For evaluating these algorithms or for training machine learning algorithms, manual segmentation of the lumen has been considered as ground truth. However, since there is inter-subject variability in manual segmentation, it would be useful to first assess the extent to which this variability affects the predicted FFR values. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of inter-subject variability in manual segmentation on computed FFR, using datasets with three different manual segmentations provided as part of the Rotterdam Coronary Artery Evaluation Framework. FFR was computed using a coronary blood flow model. Our results indicate that variability in manual segmentations on FFR estimates depend on the FFR value. For FFR &ge; 0.97, variability in manual segmentations does not impact FFR estimates, while, for lower FFR values, the variability in manual segmentations leads to significant variability in FFR. The results of this study indicate that researchers should exercise caution when treating manual segmentations as ground truth for estimating FFR from CTA images.
Optimal Freeze Cycle Length for Renal Cryotherapy (2011)

There was no difference in immediate cellular necrosis among double 1, 5 or 10-minute freeze cycles. Cellular necrosis was evident on histological analysis for trials in which -20C was attained and in freeze cycles based on time alone. With a standard 10-minute cryoablation period most treated parenchyma 1 cm from the probe never attained -20C. Cell death appeared to occur at temperatures warmer than -20C during renal cryotherapy.
Evolutionary Relationship Between Immu Transplantation Antigens (2016)

The major human and murine histocom- patibility antigens are tetrameric molecules with an ap- parent molecular weight of about 130,000. They are com- posed of two types of polypeptide chains. The two light chains, previously identified as j2-microglobulins, are bound to the two heavy, alloantigenic HL-A or H-2 poly- peptide chains by noncovalent interactions only. The heavy chains are held together by disulfide bridge(s) located in the part of the molecule that is attached to the cell membrane. By limited proteolysis of the histocompatibility antigens evidence was obtained suggesting that the heavy chain may consist of three compact domains connected by more extended stretches of polypeptide chain. Each domain appeared to contain a single disulfide bridge encompassing about 60 to 70 amino-acid residues. Staphylococcus aureus protein A is known to bind exclusively to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. It was, however, observed that protein A interacts in a similar way with the H-2 antigen heavy chain. This observation, together with the homology of the primary structure of f2-microglobulin to immunoglobulin G, the tetrameric structure of the alloantigens, the organization of the heavy polypeptide chain into compact domains, and the presence of a single, immunoglobulin-like disulfide loop in each domain, establishes a close similarity in structure between histocompatibility antigens and immunoglobu- lins. The similarity in structural features suggests a common evolutionary origin of the two types of mole- cules.
Table S3 from Neuroblastoma Patients' KIR and KIR-Ligand Genotypes Influence Clinical Outcome for Dinutuximab-based Immunotherapy: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genotype categories discussed in manuscript.&lt;/p&gt;
Incremental Cluster Validity Index-Guided Online Learning for Performance and Robustness to Presentation Order (2022)

In streaming data applications, the incoming samples are processed and discarded, and therefore, intelligent decision-making is crucial for the performance of lifelong learning systems. In addition, the order in which the samples arrive may heavily affect the performance of incremental learners. The recently introduced incremental cluster validity indices (iCVIs) provide valuable aid in addressing such class of problems. Their primary use case has been cluster quality monitoring; nonetheless, they have been recently integrated in a streaming clustering method. In this context, the work presented, here, introduces the first adaptive resonance theory (ART)-based model that uses iCVIs for unsupervised and semi-supervised online learning. Moreover, it shows how to use iCVIs to regulate ART vigilance via an iCVI-based match tracking mechanism. The model achieves improved accuracy and robustness to ordering effects by integrating an online iCVI module as module B of a topological ART predictive mapping (TopoARTMAP)-thereby being named iCVI-TopoARTMAP-and using iCVI-driven postprocessing heuristics at the end of each learning step. The online iCVI module provides assignments of input samples to clusters at each iteration in accordance to any of the several iCVIs. The iCVI-TopoARTMAP maintains useful properties shared by the ART predictive mapping (ARTMAP) models, such as stability, immunity to catastrophic forgetting, and the many-to-one mapping capability via the map field module. The performance and robustness to the presentation order of iCVI-TopoARTMAP were evaluated via experiments with synthetic and real-world datasets.
Ionic Liquids to Replace Hydrazine (2011)

A method for developing safe, easy-to-handle propellants has been developed based upon ionic liquids (ILs) or their eutectic mixtures. An IL is a binary combination of a typically organic cation and anion, which generally produces an ionic salt with a melting point below 100 deg C. Many ILs have melting points near, or even below, room temperature (room temperature ionic liquids, RTILs). More importantly, a number of ILs have a positive enthalpy of formation. This means the thermal energy released during decomposition reactions makes energetic ILs ideal for use as propellants. In this specific work, to date, a baseline set of energetic ILs has been identified, synthesized, and characterized. Many of the ILs in this set have excellent performance potential in their own right. In all, ten ILs were characterized for their enthalpy of formation, density, melting point, glass transition point (if applicable), and decomposition temperature. Enthalpy of formation was measured using a microcalorimeter designed specifically to test milligram amounts of energetic materials. Of the ten ILs characterized, five offer higher Isp performance than hydrazine, ranging between 10 and 113 seconds higher than the state-of-the-art propellant. To achieve this level of performance, the energetic cations 4- amino-l,2,4-triazolium and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium were paired with various anions in the nitrate, dicyanamide, chloride, and 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazole families. Protonation, alkylation, and butylation synthesis routes were used for creation of the different salts.
Discovery of a Potent Class of PI3Kα Inhibitors with Unique Binding Mode via Encoded Library Technology (ELT) (2015)

In the search of PI3K p110α wild type and H1047R mutant selective small molecule leads, an encoded library technology (ELT) campaign against the desired target proteins was performed which led to the discovery of a selective chemotype for PI3K isoforms from a three-cycle DNA encoded library. An X-ray crystal structure of a representative inhibitor from this chemotype demonstrated a unique binding mode in the p110α protein.
Solution-processable organic fluorescent dyes for multicolor emission in organic light emitting diodes (2008)

Four novel fluorescent dyes, bis(difluorenyl)amino-substituted carbazole 1, pyrene 2, perylene 3, and benzothiadiazole 4, were synthesized by C–N cross-coupling with a palladium catalyst. These dyes are soluble in common organic solvents, and their uniform films were formed by spin-coating from their solutions. Their glass transition temperatures were sufficiently high (120–181 °C) to form amorphous films for organic light emitting diodes. These solution processable dyes exhibited strong photoluminescence (PL) in the film form (1: sky blue, 2: blue-green, 3: yellow, and 4: deep red). Optical and electrochemical properties of the compounds were investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The energy levels obtained from both measurements were in good agreement, and those levels were related to the electronic properties of the central core; the electron-donating carbazole compound showed the lowest ionization potential and the electron-withdrawing benzothiadiazole compound showed the largest electron affinity. Simple double layer devices were prepared with these fluorescent dyes as emitting layer and bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminium(III) (BAlq) as a common hole blocking layer for each color. Electroluminescence colors were the same as those of the PL spectra in each compound. These multicolor electroluminescences show that these conjugated oligomers can be candidates for solution processable light emitting materials for OLEDs as well as conjugated polymers or dendrimers.
Applying Seamful Design in Location-Based Mobile Museum Applications (2016)

The application of mobile computing is currently altering patterns of our behavior to a greater degree than perhaps any other invention. In combination with the introduction of power-efficient wireless communication technologies, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), designers are today increasingly empowered to shape the way we interact with our physical surroundings and thus build entirely new experiences. However, our evaluations of BLE and its abilities to facilitate mobile location-based experiences in public environments revealed a number of potential problems. Most notably, the position and orientation of the user in combination with various environmental factors, such as crowds of people traversing the space, were found to cause major fluctuations of the received BLE signal strength. These issues are rendering a seamless functioning of any location-based application practically impossible. Instead of achieving seamlessness by eliminating these technical issues, we thus choose to advocate the use of a seamful approach, that is, to reveal and exploit these problems and turn them into a part of the actual experience. In order to demonstrate the viability of this approach, we designed, implemented, and evaluated the Ghost Detector —an educational location-based museum game for children. By presenting a qualitative evaluation of this game and by motivating our design decisions, this article provides insight into some of the challenges and possible solutions connected to the process of developing location-based BLE-enabled experiences for public cultural spaces.
Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Through Nd‐Doping of Mesostructured TiO2 (2015)

Block‐copolymer templated chemical solution deposition is used to prepare mesoporous Nd‐doped TiO 2 electrodes for perovskite‐based solar cells. X‐ray diffraction and photothermal deflection spectroscopy show substitutional incorporation into the TiO 2 crystal lattice for low Nd concentration, and increasing interstitial doping for higher concentrations. Substitutional Nd‐doping leads to an increase in stability and performance of perovskite solar cells by eliminating defects and thus increasing electron transport and reducing charge recombination in the mesoporous TiO 2 . The optimized doping concentration of 0.3% Nd enables the preparation of perovskite solar cells with stabilized power conversion efficiency of &gt;18%.
On degrees-of-freedom of multi-user MIMO full-duplex network (2015)

When a multi-antenna (MIMO) base-station operates in full-duplex mode, multiple uplink and downlink streams can be supported simultaneously in the same frequency band. However, the inter-mobile interference from uplink streams to the downlink streams can limit the system performance. In this paper, we first characterize the degrees-of-freedom of a multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) full-duplex network with half-duplex mobile clients, and derive the regimes where the inter-mobile interference can be mitigated to yield significant gains over the half-duplex counterpart. The achievability is based on interference alignment and requires full channel-state information at the transmitter (CSIT). Next, we study the case with partial CSIT where only the base-station acquires downlink channel values to avoid collecting network-wide CSIT at all transmitters in the system. We show that the key to achieving the sum degrees-of-freedom upper bound with only partial CSIT is the ability of the base-station to switch antenna modes that can be realized via reconfigurable antennas.
Antagonizing somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5 reduces blood glucose in a gut- and GLP-1R-dependent manner (2021)

Somatostatin (SS) inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in a paracrine manner. We hypothesized that blocking somatostatin subtype receptor 2 (SSTR2) and 5 (SSTR5) would improve glycemia by enhancing GLP-1 secretion. In the perfused mouse small intestine, the selective SSTR5 antagonist (SSTR5a) stimulated glucose-induced GLP-1 secretion to a larger degree than the SSTR2 antagonist (SSTR2a). In parallel, mice lacking the SSTR5R showed increased glucose-induced GLP-1 secretion. Both antagonists improved glycemia in vivo in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent (GLP-1R-dependent) manner, as the glycemic improvements were absent in mice with impaired GLP-1R signaling and in mice treated with a GLP-1R-specific antagonist. SSTR5a had no direct effect on insulin secretion in the perfused pancreas, whereas SSTR2a increased insulin secretion in a GLP-1R-independent manner. Adding a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) in vivo resulted in additive effects on glycemia. However, when glucose was administered intraperitoneally, the antagonist was incapable of lowering blood glucose. Oral administration of SSTR5a, but not SSTR2a, lowered blood glucose in diet-induced obese mice. In summary, we demonstrate that selective SSTR antagonists can improve glucose control primarily through the intestinal GLP-1 system in mice.
The relationship between preoperative Goutallier stage and retear rates following posterosuperior rotator cuff repair: a systematic review (2022)

The results of this study have clearly demonstrated that retear rates following surgical repair of the rotator cuff increased in proportion to the preoperative Goutallier stage in both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
Design for manufacturability of SISE parallel plate forced convection heat sinks (2001)

The study reported herein extends a previously reported "design for manufacturability" methodology, to forced convection cooled rectangular plate heat sinks. Using a well validated analytical model, the thermofluid performance of the side-inlet-side-exit (SISE) heat sink has been characterized, parametric optimization carried out, and the maximum heat transfer capabilities for a range of operating points has been determined. A least-material optimization has been performed to achieve optimal material use. The analysis indicates the least-material design to provide significant mass savings for a moderate penalty in thermal performance. Empirical criteria for manufacturability obtained from several heat sink manufacturers lead to qualitative guidelines.
Transverse energy distributions within jets in p collisions at =1.8 (1995)

The distribution of the transverse energy in jets has been measured in pp collisions at s=1.8 TeV TeV using the DØ detector at Fermilab. This measurement of the jet shape is made as a function of jet transverse energy in both the central and forward rapidity regions. Jets are shown to narrow both with increasing transverse energy and with increasing rapidity. Next-to-leading order partonic QCD calculations are compared to the data. Although the calculations qualitatively describe the data, they are shown to be very dependent on renormalization scale, parton clustering algorithm, and jet direction definition and they fail to describe the data in all regions consistently.
Rééducation des troubles de l'équilibre chez les patients souffrant de la maladie de Parkinson (2004)

Our data demonstrated that the circulating AMH despite of menstrual cycle was preferable in prediction of oocyte retrieved outcome during GnRH antagonist protocol than age, AFC and the other currently used hormone markers. Furthermore, age is the only marker in predicting clinical pregnancy.
Rhenium complexes of peripherally π-extended N-confused porphyrins (2012)

Peripherally π-extended N-confused porphyrin rhenium complexes were synthesized by the rhenium-mediated reactions of N-confused porphyrins with 2-methyl azaarene and the structures were elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Extension of the π-conjugation in the complexes was supported by the absorption spectra, electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations.
Revealing targeted therapeutic opportunities in triple-negative breast cancers: A new strategy (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords:: transcriptional profilingtargeted therapyEZH2triple-negative breast cancerLPAJAK/STATcytokine/chemokinetumor stem celltandem inhibitionThis article is related to:
A role for the melanocortin 4 receptor in sexual function (2002)

By using a combination of genetic, pharmacological, and anatomical approaches, we show that the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), implicated in the control of food intake and energy expenditure, also modulates erectile function and sexual behavior. Evidence supporting this notion is based on several findings: (i) a highly selective non-peptide MC4R agonist augments erectile activity initiated by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve in wild-type but not Mc4r-null mice; (ii) copulatory behavior is enhanced by administration of a selective MC4R agonist and is diminished in mice lacking Mc4r; (iii) reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and non-PCR based methods demonstrate MC4R expression in rat and human penis, and rat spinal cord, hypothalamus, brainstem, pelvic ganglion (major autonomic relay center to the penis), but not in rat primary corpus smooth muscle cavernosum cells; and (iv) in situ hybridization of glans tissue from the human and rat penis reveal MC4R expression in nerve fibers and mechanoreceptors in the glans of the penis. Collectively, these data implicate the MC4R in the modulation of penile erectile function and provide evidence that MC4R-mediated proerectile responses may be activated through neuronal circuitry in spinal cord erectile centers and somatosensory afferent nerve terminals of the penis. Our results provide a basis for the existence of MC4R-controlled neuronal pathways that control sexual function.
MicroRNA-18a Attenuates DNA Damage Repair through Suppressing the Expression of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated in Colorectal Cancer (2013)

miR-18a attenuates cellular repair of DNA double-strand breaks by directly suppressing ATM, a key enzyme in DNA damage repair.
Transfusion‐related immunomodulation due to peripheral blood dendritic cells expressing the CD200 tolerance signaling molecule and alloantigen (2008)

These data support the hypothesis that the mechanism of the tumor growth-promoting effect of allogeneic blood is mediated by a highly potent population of peripheral blood DCs expressing the CD200 tolerance signaling molecule. These data also indicate that tumor cell growth can be mediated by the stimulation of TGF-beta-producing cells and that TGF-beta may act by tumor cell growth stimulation, rather than by host immunosuppression.
Supplementary Methods from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by <i>In Vivo</i> Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics (2023)

Supplementary Methods from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics
Experimental utilization of repeated spatial-mode shifting for achieving discrete delays in a free-space recirculating loop (2018)

We demonstrate an optical recirculating delay loop by shifting the spatial mode order of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beams in the free-space. The desired delay can be selected at the loop output by exploiting the orthogonality of the OAM modes. When sending a 20-Gbaud quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (QPSK) signal through the delay system, three recirculations are demonstrated, each with an additional delay of 2.2 ns. Around 0.5 and 2 dB system penalties are measured for the second and third recirculations, respectively. We also simulate the performance of our approach under different scenarios.
<title>Computing the light distribution in turbid media for different scattering and absorption coefficients from a single Monte Carlo simulation</title> (1995)

We present a method that uses a single Monte Carlo simulation (modeling the light distribution in a turbid media) to obtain a set of results for different optical coefficients. This approach eliminates the repetition of simulations for each different parameter. It is based on an adequate formulation of the radiance, expressed as a function of two probability distributions. The first depends only on the phase function and the geometry, while the second one depends only on the optical coefficients. This procedure requires the storage of the number of collisions and the total pathlength of each photon. An example of the applicability of this method is shown, for which an important spare of computer time has been achieved. The main drawback of the method is a loss of convergence which limits its applicability. This effect is discussed as a function of the optical coefficients.