gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ160 limits sarcopenia induced by low-grade inflammation in older adult rats (2022)

The loss of muscle anabolism associated with low-grade intestinal inflammation can be prevented by supplementation with anti-inflammatory CNRZ160 strain. We propose that the moderated gut inflammation by CNRZ160 may result in curtailed amino acids (AA) utilization by the gut, and subsequent restored AA systemic availability to support muscle protein accretion. Therefore, CNRZ160 could be considered as an efficient probiotic to modulate muscle mass loss and limit sarcopenia during aging.
Energy Harvesting Capability of Lipid‐Merocyanine Macromolecules: A New Design and Performance Model Development (2013)

Light induced cis/trans isomerization in the family of merocyanine (MC) dyes offers a recyclable proton pumping ability which can potentially be used in hybrid bio-electronic devices. In this article, a hexadecyl MC dye is embedded in lipid molecules to make a macromolecular configuration of a lipid/hexadecyl MC membrane. Lipid molecules play a critical role in stabilizing the dye in a membrane structure for practical use in energy devices. In this study, we first examined the proton pumping characteristic of the lipid/hexadecyl MC membrane in a conventional photoelectrochemical cell. Next, a major modification in the cell was introduced by eliminating I2/I-electrolyte which resulted in a two-fold increase in the open circuit voltage compared with that of the conventional cell. In addition, the charging time in the new cell was reduced approximately four orders of magnitude. This research demonstrated that the newly designed lipid- MC cell can act as a promising bioelectronic device based on the green energy of photoinduced MC dye proton pumping.
Heterocyclen aus Lactonen, Lactamen und Thiollactonen, XII Synthese von α‐Isocyanato‐γ‐thiolbutyrolacton und funktionellen Derivaten sowie deren Umlagerung in Hydantoine und 1.2.4‐Triazine (1972)

Abstract Das durch Phosgenierung aus α‐Amino‐γ‐thiolbutyrolacton ( 1 ) entstehende α‐Isocyanato‐γ‐thiolbutyrolacton ( 2 ) reagiert mit Alkoholen, Aminen und Hydrazinen zu Urethanen ( 3a – c ), Harnstoffen ( 4a – c ) bzw. Semicarbaziden ( 5a – c ). Durch Säurekatalyse oder thermische Behandlung bilden 4a – c und 5a – c unter öffnung des Lacton‐Rings die Hydantoine 6a – d bzw. die as ‐Triazine 9a – c . Die Strukturen der Verbindungen werden durch NMR‐ und IR‐Spektren bewiesen.
Top ten discoveries of the year: Neurotrauma (2020)

Neurotrauma represents a major public health problem and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, there are major gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology leading to the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with this problem. Here, ten studies published in 2019 are reviewed that addressed issues related to the acute and long-term effects of neurotrauma. These studies can be broken down into three separate categories, namely, the importance of neurotrauma-based damage to the cerebrovascular unit, white matter damage following neurotrauma, and research related to the long-term neurodegenerative consequences of repeated head trauma, especially chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The advances highlighted here indicate that progress has been made. However, major gaps in knowledge remain which will require additional neuropathologic studies of clinical specimens, as well as the development and investigation of a wide range of relevant pre-clinical models. Further efforts in this field are clearly needed if there are to emerge better clinical outcomes for the numerous patients that suffer neurotrauma each year as well as those currently suffering from its long-term effects.
Submicrometer direct-write optical lithography with cold atoms (1992)

We passed a transversely cooled sodium atomic beam through an optical standing wave, which channeled the atoms into the intensity minima (maxima) for light tuned below (above) the sodium 3 2 S 1/2 → 3 2 P 3/2 resonance frequency. The channeled atoms retained their spatial distribution when they were deposited onto the silicon surface. The surface was thus covered by a permanent periodic sodium grating with an area of 1 x 0.1 cm 2 and a period of d = 294.3 ±0.3 nm, which is half the wavelength of the standing wave field. The entire grating was completed in 10 min. We measured the period of the grating by backscattering weak probe light. The probe light had a wavelength λ, which we varied between 5580 and 5800 Å, and was incident at an angle ϕ relative to the normal. There is constructive interference when the angle θ with respect to the normal to the grating is such that λ = d(sin θ + sin ϕ). The dependence of θ on ϕ allowed us to measure d. Semiclassical theory suggests the width of the lines in the grating could be of the order of 100 Å.
Electromagnetic induction in the Earth (2007)

Measurements of electrical properties of the Earth using electromagnetic induction (EM) can elucidate geological structures and processes ranging from meter to mantle scale. The 18th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth (EMIW) highlighted how recent theoretical and instrumental advances are being applied in high‐quality EM induction studies from around the world, at lithospheric, crustal, and near‐surface scales. Important aspects of the lithospheric and crustal studies presented included the demonstration of the increased resolution provided by dense two‐dimensional magnetotelluric (MT) profiles and three‐dimensional grids, the common use of the improved impedance tensor decomposition method to correct regional MT responses, widespread consideration of implicitly anisotropic materials within multidimensional MT models, and, in the numerical modeling field, the increased use of unstructured meshes. Review papers provided an overview of the large‐scale EM surveys and spatial variations in the European lithosphere and addressed the role of EM in monitoring seismic and volcanic crustal processes.
Quantitative Measurement of Focused Ultrasound Pressure Field Using Subtraction Shadowgraph (2011)

In this study, the measurement of focused ultrasound pressure field by the subtraction shadowgraph method was investigated. Conventional shadowgraph is known as a fast, noninvasive, but qualitative method of ultrasound pressure field measurement. On the other hand, the subtraction shadowgraph method in this paper can provide quantitative projection images, from which the ultrasound pressure field can be reconstructed. Subtraction shadowgraph images of a focused ultrasound field were obtained, it was converted to the projection of the refractory distribution, and the focused ultrasound pressure field was reconstructed from the projection by computed tomography algorithm. The result was compared with that of hydrophone measurement, and successful reconstruction of the axi-symmetric pressure distribution of the focal field was confirmed in both lateral and axial cross sections.
Selective Synthesis of Hollow and Filled Fullerene-like (IF) WS2 Nanoparticles via Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2007)

The synthesis of WS2 onion-like nanoparticles by means of a high-temperature metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process starting from W(CO)6 and elemental sulfur is reported. The reaction can be carried out as a single-step reaction or in a two-step process where the intermediate products, amorphous WS2 nanoparticles, formed through the high-temperature reaction of tungsten and sulfur in the initial phase of the reaction, are isolated and converted into onion-type WS2 nanoparticles in a separate annealing step. Analysis of the reaction product using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) allowed to optimize the reaction in such a way that filled onion-like structures are formed in a one-step reaction, whereas hollow onion-like structures are obtained by the two-step procedure. A model could be devised that allows us to rationalize the different outcome of the reactions. The MOCVD approach therefore allows a selective synthesis of open and filled fullerene-like chalcogenide nanoparticles.
Phase transformations during high-pressure torsion (HPT) in titanium, cobalt and graphite (2014)

Several elements were processed by high-pressure torsion and phase transformations were investigated. Titanium exhibited a transition from hcp to an ω phase at pressures higher than 4 GPa, while the transition was facilitated with increasing the shear strain. The stability of ω phase appeared to decrease with decreasing the grain size to the nanometer level (e.g., by processing at cryogenic temperatures and/or by consolidation of powders). Cobalt exhibited a transition from metastable fcc to hcp until the grain size reached the submicrometer level, but the fcc phase appeared to be more stable with decreasing the grain size to the nanometer level. Graphite exhibited a transition to diamond-like carbon (DLC), while the formation of DLC was facilitated with increasing the pressure, temperature and strain.
TMPRSS2, a SARS-CoV-2 Internalization Protease is Downregulated in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. (2020)

Abstract Background: SARS-coronavirus-2 enters host cells through binding of the Spike protein to ACE2 receptor and subsequent S priming by the TMPRSS2 protease. We aim to assess differences in both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in normal tissues from oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and lung tissues as well as neoplastic tissues from the same areas. Methods: The study has been conducted using the TCGA and the Regina Elena Institute databases and validated by experimental model in HNSCC cells. We also included data from one COVID19 patient who went under surgery for HNSCC. Results: TMPRSS2 expression in HNSCC was significantly reduced compared to the normal tissues. It was more evident in women than in men, in TP53 mutated versus wild TP53 tumors, in HPV negative patients compared to HPV positive counterparts. Functionally, we modeled the multivariate effect of TP53, HPV, and other inherent variables on TMPRSS2. All variables had a statistically significant independent effect on TMPRSS2. In particular, in tumor tissues, HPV negative, TP53 mutated status and elevated TP53-dependent Myc-target genes were associated with low TMPRSS2 expression. The further analysis of both TCGA and our institutional HNSCC datasets identified a signature anti-correlated to TMPRSS2. As proof-of-principle we also validated the anti-correlation between microRNAs and TMPRSS2 expression in a SARS-CoV-2 positive HNSCC patient tissues Finally, we did not find TMPRSS2 promoter methylation. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that tumoral tissues, herein exemplified by HNSCC and lung cancers might be more resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to reduced expression of TMPRSS2. These observations may help to better assess the frailty of SARS-CoV-2 positive cancer patients.
Theory of conduction and breakdown in perovskite thin films (1992)

Abstract The mechanism of the dc electrical conduction and breakdown of perovskite-type titanates was investigated by impedance analysis. Based on an acceptor doped SrTiO3 model material, samples of different microstructures-ceramics, single crystals, and thin films-were employed. This approach allows us to distinguish conduction contributions of the bulk lattice, grain boundaries, and electrode interfaces. Based on defect chemistry studies, a predominant ionic contribution due to mobile oxygen vacancies and an additional p-type conduction were revealed for the bulk. At interfaces, space charge depletion layers of 100-500 nm width are formed in which the local conductivity is reduced by approx. four orders of magnitude compared to the bulk. Thin films show a similar depression of the conductivity. The combination of these facts may be indicative for considering thin films as distributed Schottky barriers. The field enhancement of the conductivity of thin films and of the interface depletion layers is compared and discussed.
Molecular-beam Infrared Chemiluminescence Study of the Mechanism of CO<Sub>2</Sub> Formation in Steady-state CO + NO Reaction on Single Crystal Pd Surfaces (2003)

The infrared chemiluminescence technique was applied to the steady-state CO oxidation by NO on Pd(111) and Pd(110) to measure the internal energy of CO2 desorbed from surfaces. In this paper, on the basis of the results of CO oxidation by O2, we elucidate the CO2 formation mechanism of CO + NO reaction. From the comparison of IR emission spectra of CO2 between CO + NO and CO + O2 reactions, it is found that the vibrational energy states of CO2 in CO + NO reaction are similar to those in CO + O2 reaction. This indicates that the reaction path of CO2 formation in CO + NO is the same as that in CO + O2. The vibrational states are much dependent on the surface structure: the CO2 molecules produced on flat Pd(111) were highly excited (especially bending mode) than those on Pd(110) which has atomically rough surface.
Potential of extracellular microRNAs as biomarkers of acetaminophen toxicity in children (2015)

Our findings demonstrate that miRNAs are increased in children with APAP toxicity and correlate with APAP protein adducts, suggesting a potential role as biomarkers of APAP toxicity.
Synthesis of O‐Acetyl‐N (4‐biphenylyl)hydroxylamine (“NAcetoxy‐4‐aminobiphenyl”), an Ultimate Metabolite of Carcinogenic 4‐Aminobiphenyl, and Its Reaction with Deoxyguanosine (1989)

The carcinogenicity of aromatic amines has been known since 1895. It has now been possible for the first time to convert the hydroxylamine derivative generated from 4-aminobiphenyl 1 into the crystalline title compound 2 in vitro. 2 reacts with deoxyguanosine to give the same “adducts” which, e.g., are also obtained when 1 is administered to dogs and the DNA is subsequently cleaved enzymatically (Aryl = 4-biphenylyl).
Transient Cytokine-Induced Liver Injury Following Administration of the Humanized Anti-CD3 Antibody Visilizumab (HuM291) in Crohn's Disease (2009)

Transient elevation of hepatic enzymes occurred frequently in patients with CD treated with visilizumab and was associated with CRS. CD patients could be predisposed due to an aberrant expression of adhesion molecules in the liver that promotes CRS upon engagement of the T-cell receptor and may relate to extraintestinal disease manifestations such as primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Automatic design of high frequency structures using a 3-D FD TD simulator in an optimisation loop (2002)

A system for automatic design of microwave structures based on an electromagnetic FD-TD simulator working in an optimisation loop is presented. The paper describes the main elements of the system, which are: the FDTD simulator, the optimiser based on the Powell method, the parametric shape editor and the goal function calculator. Specific requirements imposed on each of the elements are discussed and the functioning of the entire system based on the QuickWave-3D Simulator by QWED is presented on practical examples.
QoS aware cross-layer optimized resource allocation in WiMAX systems (2009)

In traditional communication networks, the open systems interconnection (OSI) layer architecture has been widely adopted, and the performance optimization is conducted largely within each individual protocol layer. Although the layered structure is still of great importance for next generation wireless networks, it is known that the conventional OSI architecture may not work well in many wireless data applications. Cross-layer design approaches are critical for efficient utilization of the scarce radio resources with QoS provisioning in 4G wireless networks and beyond. As proper utilization of limited network resources is very much essential to achieve the objective of high degree of optimization, resource allocation is an important issue. Here we have presented a QoS aware cross-layer optimized resource allocation scheme for WiMAX networks to optimize the system performance as well as maintaining the end-to-end QoS of individual users and propose an algorithm to cater the need of better resource management particularly for heterogeneous traffic consisting of soft and hard QoS constraints applications in 4G networks by exploiting time-diversity gain. Simulation results depict the improved performance of our proposed algorithm.
A Coupled Nanoindentation/SEM-EDS Study on Low Water/Cement Ratio Portland Cement Paste: Evidence for C-S-H/Ca(OH)[subscript 2] Nanocomposites (2010)

A low water/cement ratio (w/c5 0.20) hydrated Portland cement paste was analyzed by grid-indentation coupled with ex situ scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (SEM-EDS) analysis at each indentation point. Because finite element and Monte-Carlo simulations showed that the microvolumes probed by each method are of comparable size (approximately 2 lm), the mechanical information provided by nanoindentation was directly comparable to the chemical information provided by SEM-EDS. This coupled approach provided the opportunity to determine whether the local indentation response was a result of a singleor a multiphase response—the latter being shown predominant in the highly concentrated w/c5 0.20 hydrated cement paste. Results indicate that, in the selected microvolumes where C–S–H and nanoscale Ca(OH)2 (CH) are present, increasing fractions of CH increase the local indentation modulus (and hardness), yielding values above those reported for high-density (HD) C–S–H. Micromechanical analyses show that C–S–H and CH are associated, not merely as a simple biphase mixture, but as an intimate nanocomposite where nanoscale CH reinforces C–S–H by partially filling the latter’s gel pores. The paper discusses the mechanism of forming the C–S–H/CH nanocomposite, as well as the impact of nanocomposites on various macroscopic properties of concrete (e.g., shrinkage, expansion). On a general level, this study illustrates how a coupled nanoindentation/X-ray microanalysis/micromechanics approach can provide otherwise inaccessible information on the nanomechanical properties of highly heterogeneous composites with intermixing at length scales smaller than the stress field in a nanoindentation experiment.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation With Augmented Venous Outflow and Splenectomy (2022)

LLG (H1234-MHV) are feasible in adult LDLT with excellent outcomes comparable to RLG (H5678). Venous outflow augmentation and splenectomy help lower the threshold of using small-for-size grafts without compromising graft survival.
Time-decorrelated multifocal micromachining and trapping (2001)

Temporally decorrelated multifocal arrays eliminate spatial interference between adjacent foci and allow multifocal imaging with the diffraction-limited resolution of a single focus, even for foci spaced by less than the focal diameter. In this paper, we demonstrate a high-efficiency cascaded-beamsplitter array for producing temporally decorrelated beamlets. These beamlets are used to produce a multifocal microscope with which we have demonstrated two-photon fluorescence imaging, multifocal micromachining of optical waveguides, and multifocal optical trapping.
Identification of diabetic neuropathic patients at risk of foot ulceration through finite element models and cluster analysis (2014)

Background Diabetic foot is an invalidating complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to foot ulceration and amputations. While experimental analyses are limited solely to measurements of interfacial variables, three-dimensional (3D) patient specific finite element models (FEMs) of the foot can provide both the interfacial pressures and insight into internal stresses and strains tolerated by the plantar tissue [1]. FEMs allows quantifying the loads developed in the different anatomical structures of the foot and to understand how these affect foot tissue [2]. The aim of this study was to identify the neuropathic subjects at risk of ulceration with a cluster analysis classification of simulated plantar pressures and internal stresses. Simulations were ran with gait analysis data acquired 5 years prior to ulcerations.
EBV Is Necessary for Proliferation of Dually Infected Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells (2008)

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are found together in approximately 80% of primary effusion lymphomas (PEL), but their contribution to these cancers is unclear. We found that dominant-negative derivatives of EBNA1 inhibited EBV-positive PEL cells from forming colonies. Those rare PEL cells that proliferated after expression of the dominant-negative derivatives usually expressed these derivatives at low or undetectable levels and continued to maintain their EBV genomes. Those proliferating cells expressing higher levels of the derivatives expressed mutant derivatives that could not bind DNA. These findings indicate that EBV is required to sustain proliferation, as measured by colony formation of dually infected PEL cells. The dominant-negative derivatives of EBNA1 had no effect on the colony-forming ability of five EBV-negative, KSHV-negative hematopoietic cell lines. Surprisingly, they did inhibit the colony-forming ability of EBV-negative, KSHV-positive PEL cells. The small fraction of cells that continued to proliferate expressed only mutants of the EBNA1 derivatives that could no longer bind DNA. These findings indicate that the site-specific DNA-binding activity of EBNA1 or its derivatives when expressed efficiently in EBV-negative, KSHV-positive PEL cells inhibits their colony formation possibly through their binding to the KSHV genome.
Association of Blood Pressure Control and Metabolic Syndrome With Cardiovascular Risk in Elderly Japanese: JATOS Study (2011)

MS was associated with cardiovascular risk in elderly hypertensive patients <75 years old, and strict BP control was beneficial for those with MS. However, MS and intensive control of BP may have little effect on cardiovascular events in elderly patients ≥75 years old.
Generation of ultra broadband spectra from a mirror-dispersion controlled Ti:sapphire oscillator (2005)

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Evolution of the Thermal Hydraulics Design Methodologies for the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) Vessel (2004)

The thermal-hydraulic design of the first PWR’s was mainly based on an experimental approach, with a large series of test on the main equipment (control rod guide tubes, RPV plenums ...), to check its performances. Development of CFD-codes and computers now allows for complex simulations of hydraulic phenomena. Provided adequate qualification, these numerical tools are efficient means to determine hydraulics in the given design, and to perform sensitivities for optimization of new designs. Experiments always play their role, first for qualification, and for validation at the last stage of the design. The design of the European Pressurized water Reactor (EPR), jointly developed by FRAMATOME-ANP, EDF the German Utilities (GU), is based on both hydraulic calculations and experiments, handled This paper describes the collective effort launched by FRAMATOME-ANP and EDF, on hydraulic calculations for the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) of the EPR reactor. It concerns 3D-calculations of RPV-inlet including cold legs, RPV-downcomer and lower plenum, RPV-upper plenum up to and including hot legs. It covers normal operating conditions, but also accidental conditions as PTS (Pressurized Thermal Shock) in small break loss of coolant accident (SB-LOCA). Those hydraulic studies have provided numerous useful information for the mechanical design of RPV-internals.Copyright © 2004 by ASME