gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bitter Odorants and Odorous Bitters: Toxicity and Human TAS2R Targets (2023)

Flavor is perceived through the olfactory, taste, and trigeminal systems, mediated by designated GPCRs and channels. Signal integration occurs mainly in the brain, but some cross-reactivities occur at the receptor level. Here, we predict potential bitterness and taste receptors targets for thousands of odorants. BitterPredict and BitterIntense classifiers suggest that 3-9% of flavor and food odorants have bitter taste, but almost none are intensely bitter. About 14% of bitter molecules are expected to have an odor. Bitterness is more common for unpleasant smells such as fishy, amine, and ammoniacal, while non-bitter odorants often have pleasant smells. Experimental toxicity values suggest that fishy ammoniac smells are more toxic than pleasant smells, regardless of bitterness. TAS2R14 is predicted as the main bitter receptor for odorants, confirmed by <i>in vitro</i> profiling of 10 odorants. The activity of bitter odorants may have implications for physiology due to ectopic expression of taste and smell receptors.
Targeted Nipple Areola Complex Reinnervation in Gender-affirming Double Incision Mastectomy with Free Nipple Grafting (2022)

Background: Restoration of breast sensation has become an important goal in autologous and implant-based breast reconstruction after cancer-related mastectomy. Although gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafting (FNG) results in similar sensory deficits, chest reinnervation concepts have not been applied to this procedure. Methods: This article describes a novel technique to reinnervate the FNG in patients undergoing double incision gender mastectomy. Results: Our technique differs from previously described reinnervation techniques in several aspects: (1) the donor axon count is maximized by preserving the third to fifth lateral cutaneous nerves for coaptation to the nipple areola complex, (2) the reinnervation approach varies and is based on patient anatomy, (3) the distal graft or donor nerve is split into fascicles to increase the reinnervation zone, and (4) the split fascicles are coapted to the dermatosensory peripheral nerve elements of the dermis. Conclusion: Chest reinnervation is technically feasible in patients undergoing double incision gender mastectomy with FNG (please also see the video abstract).
The Use of Tribocharging in the Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Simulant (2009)

The use of tribocharging as a potential method to provide sufficient charge to several different lunar simulants for electrostatic beneficiation was investigated. The objective was to determine whether specific minerals of interest (e.g., ilmenite) that are present in lunar regolith could be enriched in concentration by beneficiation that would therefore allow for more efficient extraction for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">situ</i> resource utilization use. The production of oxygen, water, and other resources on the Moon from raw materials is vital for future missions to the Moon. Successful separation of ilmenite was achieved for a prepared simulant (KSC-1), which is a mixture of pure commercially supplied pyroxene, olivine, feldspar, and ilmenite, in a 4 : 4 : 1 : 1 ratio, showing proof of concept when tribocharged against three different charging materials, namely, Al, Cu, and PTFE. Separation by chemical composition was also observed for existing lunar simulants JSC-1 and JSC-1A; however, the interpretation of the separation was difficult due to the complex mineralogy of the simulants compared to the simple prepared mixture.
Cover Picture: A FRET‐Based Fluorogenic Phosphine for Live‐Cell Imaging with the Staudinger Ligation (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 13/2008) (2008)

The Staudinger ligation …︁ provides a nontoxic method to label azide-bearing biomolecules in live cells and organisms. M. J. Hangauer and C. R. Bertozzi report in their Communication on page 2394 ff. a FRET-based fluorogenic phosphine capable of direct live-cell fluorescent labeling of azido biomolecules with minimal background fluorescence. The cover picture depicts live HeLa cells displaying azido sialic acid labeled by the fluorogenic phosphine.
Cardiac and renal biomarkers in recreational runners following a 21 km treadmill run (2020)

A 21 km run in recreational runners is associated with transient ventricular stunning and reversible changes in myocardial and renal biomarkers. Whether repeated bouts of similar activity contributes to chronic cardiac or kidney dysfunction deserves further evaluation.
Monotherapy Anticoagulation to Expedite Home Treatment of Patients Diagnosed With Venous Thromboembolism in the Emergency Department: A Pragmatic Effectiveness Trial (2021)

Monotherapy treatment of low-risk patients with venous thrombosis or PE in the emergency department setting produced a low rate of bleeding and VTE recurrence, but may be underused. Patients with venous thrombosis and PE should undergo risk-stratification before home treatment. Improved patient adherence may reduce rate of recurrent VTE. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03404635.
Complete responses (CR/CRu) on a phase II study of romidepsin in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (R/R PTCL). (2011)

8033 Background: Potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin, has shown durable clinical benefit and tolerability in patients (pts) with R/R PTCL with objective response rates of 38% (17/45, NCI1312) and 26% (34/130, GPI-06-0002) reported in phase II, single-arm, open-label trials. This abstract provides a subset analysis of pts who achieved CR/CRu on the GPI-06-0002 trial. Methods: Pts with R/R PTCL received romidepsin 14 mg/m2 as a 4-h IV infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. An Independent Review Committee made blinded efficacy assessments in a 2-step process: initial radiographic review followed by an overall clinical assessment based on radiology and relevant clinical parameters. Results: The CR/CRu rate was 13% (17/130); median time to CR/CRu was 4 mo (range 2-9 mo). At the data cut-off (March 31, 2010), median duration of response (DOR) was not reached with longest DOR of 26+ mo. With a median follow-up of 8.2 mo, 16/17 (94%) pts had not progressed. Pts who achieved CR/CRu were representative of the overall pt population (Table). The majority of pts who achieved CR/CRu were > 60 years of age (10/17, 59%); receiving > 2 prior systemic therapies or being refractory to last prior therapy did not impact CR/CRu rate. Most common grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were thrombocytopenia (24%), neutropenia (20%) and anemia (10%). Rates of grade 3/4 AEs were similar for pts who did or did not achieve CR/CRu. At the time of submission, 7 pts who achieved CR/CRu continue on romidepsin; long-term follow-up data will be presented. Conclusions: Durable CR/CRu were observed with single-agent romidepsin in pts with R/R PTCL, including those with advanced and heavily pretreated disease. Baseline characteristics CR/CRu (n = 17) Other (n = 113) Age in years, median (range) 62 (37-78) 61 (20-83) Stage III/IV disease, n (%) 13 (77) 78 (69) PTCL subtype, n (%) PTCL NOS 9 (53) 60 (53) AITL 4 (24) 23 (20) ALK1-negative ALCL 4 (24) 17 (15) Bone marrow disease, n (%) 6 (35) 30 (27) International Prognostic Index, n (%) < 2 2 (12) 29 (26) ≥ 2 15 (88) 84 (74) Number of prior systemic therapies, n (%) ≤ 2 10 (59) 72 (64) > 2 7 (41) 41 (36) Refractory to last prior systemic therapy, n (%) 7 (41) 42 (37) Prior stem cell transplant, n (%) 2 (12) 19 (17)
Disassortativity of computer networks (2016)

Network data is ubiquitous in cyber-security applications. Accurately modelling such data allows discovery of anomalous edges, subgraphs or paths, and is key to many signature-free cyber-security analytics. We present a recurring property of graphs originating from cyber-security applications, often considered a `corner case' in the main literature on network data analysis, that greatly affects the performance of standard `off-the-shelf' techniques. This is the property that similarity, in terms of network behaviour, does not imply connectivity, and in fact the reverse is often true. We call this disassortivity. The phenomenon is illustrated using network flow data collected on an enterprise network, and we show how Big Data analytics designed to detect unusual connectivity patterns can be improved.
Identification of New Oligodendrocyte‐ and Myelin‐Specific Genes by a Differential Screening Approach (1995)

We have isolated several new genes that are specifically expressed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS. This was achieved by differential screening of a rat spinal cord cDNA library with probes derived from normal and from oligodendrocyte-free spinal cord mRNAs. Four of these genes are exclusively expressed by oligodendrocytes: Three of these are not related to known genes, whereas one encodes the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Four other genes are expressed by oligodendrocytes as well as by Schwann cells. One gene codes for apolipoprotein D, which is thought to be involved in lipid metabolism. A second cDNA sequence codes for the recently identified galactosylceramide-synthesizing enzyme UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase. The third gene encodes a small protein with four putative transmembrane domains that is related to a T-lymphocyte-specific membrane protein, MAL. The fourth gene encodes the rat homologue of the stearyl-CoA-desaturase 2 (SCD2) gene, which is specifically expressed in the nervous system and involved in the synthesis and regulation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids essential for myelination. Finally, we found that a member of the beta-tubulin family is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes as well as neurons. The identification of several new proteins that may play a role in myelin synthesis and sheath formation will lead to new insight into this complex mechanism.
More Than One Disease Process in Chronic Sinusitis Based on Mucin Fragmentation Patterns and Amino Acid Analysis (2015)

Objective. To characterise fragmentation patterns and amino acid composition of MUC2 and MUC5AC in chronic sinusitis. Methods. Antigenic identity of purified sinus mucins was determined by ELISA. Fragmentation patterns of a MUC5AC rich sample mucin were analysed by Sepharose CL-2B gel chromatography. Samples, divided into one MUC2 rich and one MUC5AC rich group, were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and their amino acid contents were analysed. Results. Reduction, trypsin digestion, and papain digestion produced progressively smaller mucin species. On SDS-PAGE, digested MUC5AC rich mucin produced four distinct products. Amino acid analysis was characteristic of mucins with high serine, threonine, and proline contents and reduction and proteolysis increased relative proportions of these amino acids. MUC5AC rich mucins contained more protein than MUC2 rich mucins. Conclusion. Sinus mucin fragmentation produced mucin subunits and glycopeptide units of smaller molecular sizes which are likely to have lower viscoelastic properties. Applying this in vivo could alter mucus physical properties and biologic functions. Amino acid contents of MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins are different. This could be contributing to biological properties and functions of sinus mucins. These data suggest that there may be different pathological processes occurring at the cellular level on chronic sinusitis.
Bulk and Nanocrystalline Cesium Lead-Halide Perovskites as Seen by Halide Magnetic Resonance (2020)

Lead-halide perovskites increasingly mesmerize researchers because they exhibit a high degree of structural defects and dynamics yet nonetheless offer an outstanding (opto)electronic performance on par with the best examples of structurally stable and defect-free semiconductors. This highly unusual feature necessitates the adoption of an experimental and theoretical mindset and the reexamination of techniques that may be uniquely suited to understand these materials. Surprisingly, the suite of methods for the structural characterization of these materials does not commonly include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The present study showcases both the utility and versatility of halide NMR and NQR (nuclear quadrupole resonance) for probing the structure and structural dynamics of CsPbX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br, I), in both bulk and nanocrystalline forms. The strong quadrupole couplings, which originate from the interaction between the large quadrupole moments of, e.g., the <sup>35</sup>Cl, <sup>79</sup>Br, and <sup>127</sup>I nuclei, and the local electric-field gradients, are highly sensitive to subtle structural variations, both static and dynamic. The quadrupole interaction can resolve structural changes with accuracies commensurate with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and scattering. It is shown that space-averaged site-disorder is greatly enhanced in the nanocrystals compared to the bulk, while the dynamics of nuclear spin relaxation indicates enhanced structural dynamics in the nanocrystals. The findings from NMR and NQR were corroborated by <i>ab initio</i> molecular dynamics, which point to the role of the surface in causing the radial strain distribution and disorder. These findings showcase a great synergy between solid-state NMR or NQR and molecular dynamics simulations in shedding light on the structure of soft lead-halide semiconductors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aldose Sugars from Half‐Protected Dialdehydes Using Rabbit Muscle Aldolase. (1990)

Abstract The use of the title aldolase RAMA in a new "inverted" strategy of sugar synthesis is demonstrated.
The Evolution of Uterine Surgery (2006)

Although described in antiquity, the real dawn of uterine surgery was in the mid-19th century when hysterectomy was occasionally performed vaginally, usually for cancer or prolapse. Then, as now, women experienced symptoms of bleeding and pain emanating from the uterus, and when severe and debilitating, brave surgeons and patients sometimes explored hysterectomy as an alternative. Abdominal hysterectomy mortality rates in the mid-1850s were extremely high, but reduced drastically in the early to mid-20th century. By the 1950s, total hysterectomy supplanted supracervical techniques, largely as a method for preventing carcinoma of the cervix. Surgical alternatives to hysterectomy started in the 1930s with abdominal myomectomy and the first publication of nonhysteroscopic endometrial ablation from Germany, but by the end of the 20th century, included a plethora of techniques including laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, and interventional radiologic approaches. The advent of early detection of, and even prevention of, preinvasive cervical neoplasia, has led to a reevaluation of the need for total hysterectomy in many patients. In the early years of the millennium, targeted leiomyoma therapy was under development with a range of energy sources including cryogenic and radiofrequency probes, as well as focused ultrasound, targeted and controlled by magnetic resonance imaging.
<title>Wafer-bonded AlGaInAs 1.3-um vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers</title> (1997)

Wafer-bonded AlAs/GaAs mirrors and AlGaInAs strain- compensated multiple quantum well active layers have been applied into 1.3 micrometer vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Double-bonded 1.3 micrometer VCSELs have operated at room temperature pulsed conditions with a high output power of 4.6 mW, a high characteristic temperature of 132 K, and a large side-mode suppression-ratio of 42 dB. A novel more practical approach for 1.3 micrometer VCSELs have been proposed and demonstrated a very low room temperature pulsed threshold current density of 1.13 kA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and a very low threshold current of 2 mA. Further improvement focusing on practical approaches for long wavelength VCSELs is underway.
Serum Sodium Levels and Patient Outcomes in an Ambulatory Clinic-Based Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort (2015)

CKD patients with Na(+) ≤135 mEq/l were at a higher risk for progression to ESRD, whereas both lower and higher Na(+) levels were associated with a higher risk of mortality. While caring for CKD patients, greater attention to serum sodium levels by clinicians is warranted and could potentially help improve patient outcomes.
The prognostic significance of prenephrectomy absolute lymphocyte count in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. (2011)

4641 Background: We hypothesized that a low peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), a likely index of poor systemic immunity, may be associated with aggressive features and inferior outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed preoperative blood cell counts in patients undergoing primary surgical resection for clear cell RCC at Fox Chase Cancer Center between 1994 and 2009. The patients from year 2009 were excluded from analysis of overall survival (OS) due to a short follow-up. ALC values as a continuous variable and at a level below 1,300/µl (below reference range in our laboratory) were correlated with tumor grade, pathologic tumor stage (pT), presence of distant metastases and a collaborative tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. We used the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method to estimate the OS by low ALC status. Differences in the survival curves were assessed using the log rank test. We also performed Cox proportional hazards regression for inferences about the relationship of survival time with low ALC adjusting for age (<60 yrs versus 60+ yrs at surgery) and TNM stage as covariates. Results: 516 patients were eligible for analysis (32% female; median age= 60 yrs, range 25-89 yrs). 138 (27%) patients had ALC <1,300/µl. 430 patients were included for analysis of OS (median follow-up 33.5 months). As a continuous variable, low ALC was associated with higher nuclear grade (p 0.0044), higher pT (p 0.0088), presence of distant metastases (p <0.0001) and higher TNM stage (p <0.0001). Similarly, ALC at a level below 1300/µl was associated with high grade (p 0.0127), high pT (0.027), distant metastases (p <0.0001) and high TNM stage (p <0.0001). Low ALC was also associated with significantly worse OS (p <0.0001). The association with OS was independent of TNM stage and patient's age in multivariable analysis (p 0.018). Conclusions: Here we demonstrate for the first time that a low peripheral blood ALC is associated with higher nuclear grade, pathologic stage, presence of metastases and inferior overall survival in clear cell RCC patients.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Endogenous Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Metabolic Changes Related to Enhanced Glycolysis and Glutamine Consumption in Precancerous Epithelial Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 107KB, Quantitative evaluation of PCNA staining (green) with respect to DAPI staining (blue) throughout the depth of the EETEs.&lt;/p&gt;
A 60GHz 65 nm CMOS RMS power detector for antenna impedance mismatch detection (2009)

International audience
Highly-crystalline 6 inch free-standing GaN observed using X-ray diffraction topography (2021)

We demonstrate the crystal quality of a 6 inch (0001) plane free-standing GaN substrate grown using a Na-flux based liquid phase epitaxy method.
The importance of the gastrorenal axis in the control of body sodium homeostasis (2016)

What is the topic of this review? Sensing the amount of ingested sodium is one mechanism by which sodium balance is regulated. This review describes the role of gastrin in the cross-talk between the stomach and the kidney following the ingestion of sodium. What advances does it highlight? Neural mechanisms and several gut hormones, including cholecystokinin and uroguanylin, have been suggested to mediate the natriuresis after an oral sodium load. It is proposed that gastrin produced by G-cells via its receptor, cholecystokinin B receptor, interacts with renal D1 -like dopamine receptors to increase renal sodium excretion. Hypertension develops with chronically increased sodium intake when sodium that accumulates in the body can no longer be sequestered, extracellular fluid volume is expanded, and compensatory neural, hormonal and pressure-natriuresis mechanisms fail. Sensing the amount of ingested sodium, by the stomach, is one mechanism by which sodium balance is regulated. The natriuresis following the ingestion of a certain amount of sodium may be due to an enterokine, gastrin, secreted by G-cells in the stomach and duodenum and released into the circulation. Circulating gastrin levels are 10- to 20-fold higher than those for cholecystokinin. Of all the gut hormones circulating in the plasma, gastrin is the one that is reabsorbed to the greatest extent by renal tubules. Gastrin, via its receptor, the cholecystokinin type B receptor (CCKBR), is natriuretic in mammals, including humans, by inhibition of renal sodium transport. Germline deletion of gastrin (Gast) or Cckbr gene in mice causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Selective silencing of Gast in the stomach and duodenum impairs the ability to excrete an oral sodium load and also increases blood pressure. Thus, the gastrorenal axis, mediated by gastrin, can complement pronatriuretic hormones, such as dopamine, to increase sodium excretion after an oral sodium load. These studies in mice may be translatable to humans because the chromosomal loci of CCKBR and GAST are linked to human essential hypertension. Understanding the role of genes in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure may lead to the tailoring of antihypertensive treatment based on genetic make-up.
Microstructural evolution of Fe grown on a (001) Cu film and its implication to the elastic anomaly in metallic superlattices (1990)

A large softening of the shear modulus has been reported in metallic superlattices composed of insoluble bcc/fcc metals. In an attempt to understand this elastic anomaly, we have studied the microstructure of Fe/Cu bilayers as a function of the Fe thickness with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of the moire fringes observed in plan-view TEM images revealed that the fcc Fe structure epitaxially grows on the (001) Cu up to a thickness of 2.0 nm. At 2.3 nm. At 2.3 nm, the bcc Fe structure nucleates, accompanying lattice rotation around the growth direction with respect to the underlying fcc structure. As the Fe thickness further increases, the submicron polycrystalline grains formed. Based on these results, the microstructure of the metallic superlattices and its relation to the softening of the shear modulus will be discussed. 22 refs., 2 figs
Corner-based estimation of tire forces and vehicle velocities robust to road conditions (2017)

Recent developments in vehicle stability control and active safety systems have led to an interest in reliable vehicle state estimation on various road conditions. This paper presents a novel method for tire force and velocity estimation at each corner to monitor tire capacities individually. This is entailed for more demanding advanced vehicle stability systems and especially in full autonomous driving in harsh maneuvers. By integrating the lumped LuGre tire model and the vehicle kinematics, it is shown that the proposed corner-based estimator does not require knowledge of the road friction and is robust to model uncertainties. The stability of the time-varying longitudinal and lateral velocity estimators is explored. The proposed method is experimentally validated in several maneuvers on different road surface frictions. The experimental results confirm the accuracy and robustness of the state estimators.
Nonlinear filtering of multiplied and convolved signals (1968)

An approach to some nonlinear filtering problems through a generalized notion of superposition has proven useful. In this paper this approach is investigated for the nonlinear filtering of signals which can be expressed as products or as convolutions of components. The applications of this approach in audio dynamic range compression and expansion, image enhancement with applications to bandwidth reduction, echo removal, and speech waveform processing are presented.