gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Integrated Water Cooling of a Composite Multilayer Stack of Chips (2010)

New generation supercomputers with three dimensional stacked chip architectures pose a major challenge with respect to the removal of dissipated heat, which can reach currently as high as 250 W/cm2 in multilayer chip stacks of less than 0.3 cm3 volume. Interlayer integrated water cooling is a very promising approach for such high heat flux removal due to much larger thermal capacity and conductivity of water compared with air, the traditional cooling fluid. In the current work, a multiscale conjugate heat transfer model is developed for integrated water cooling of chip layers and validated with experimental measurements on an especially designed thermal test vehicle that simulates a four tier chip stack with a footprint of 1 cm2. The cooling heat transfer structure, which consists of microchannels with cylindrical pin-fins, is conceived in such a way that it can be directly integrated with the device layout in multilayer chips. Every composite layer is cooled by water flow in microchannels (height of 100 μm), which are arranged in two port water inlet-outlet configuration. The total power removed in the stack is 390 W at a temperature gradient budget of 60 K from liquid inlet to maximal junction temperature, corresponding to about 1.3 kW/cm3 volumetric heat flow. The computational cost and complexity of detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of heat transfer in stacked chips with integrated cooling can be prohibitive. Therefore, the heat transfer structure is modeled using a porous medium approach, where the model parameters of heat transfer and hydrodynamic resistance are derived from averaging the results of the detailed 3D-CFD simulations of a single streamwise row of fins. The modeling results indicate that an isotropic porous medium model does not accurately predict the measured temperature fields. The variation of material properties due to temperature gradients is found to be large; therefore, variable properties are used in the model. It is also shown that the modeling of the heat transfer in the cooling sublayers requires the implementation of a porous medium approach with a local thermal nonequilibrium, as well as orthotropic heat conduction and hydrodynamic resistance. The improved model reproduces the temperatures measured in the stack within 10%. The model is used to predict the behavior of multilayer stacks mimicking the change of heat fluxes resulting from variations in the computational load of the chips during their operation.
The effect of musical experience on describing sounds with everyday words. (2009)

Musicians often use non-technical words such as “warm,” “sharp,” or “sweet” to describe sound quality. Commonplace experience indicates that the descriptions of a sound by a diverse group of musicians may vary, suggesting that musical background may influence one’s interpretation of a sound. A research study was carried out targeting 844 subjects of varying musical backgrounds where each subject had the chance to match various words to sound samples. Each subject was assigned to one or more musical categories (strings, woodwinds, electronic, percussion, brass) based on previous musical experience, and the results were compared across categories. Statistical measures were employed to determine if a correlation existed between musical background and survey responses. After analyzing the results from all sound-word combinations, it was determined that the musical background had no effect on the selection of words. Because of the nature of statistical hypothesis testing, the expected rate of false positives was greater than the proportion of statistically significant sound-word combinations. From the data collected in this user study, it is reasonable to suggest that the description of musical sounds is an innate skill that is not influenced by musical background and training.
Orbital Angular Momentum‐based Wireless Communications: Designs and Implementations (2016)

This chapter introduces the basic concept of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the principle of using OAM for spatial multiplexing in the wireless communications radio frequency (RF) range. It reviews the research and techniques related to OAM, including the generation, multiplexing and detection of OAM channels. The chapter presents the demonstration of wireless communication links using OAM and the propagation effects of OAM channels. The demand for capacity and spectral efficiency continues to grow exponentially due to the multitude of wireless applications, including indoor communications, data centers, and front-haul and back-haul connections. OAM multiplexing and other multiplexing techniques, such as polarization multiplexing, can be used to further increase the capacity and spectral efficiency of the RF communications link. From a theoretical perspective, OAM multiplexing can be considered as another form of spatial multiplexing, and the implementation of OAM mode-multiplexing is different from traditional RF spatial multiplexing.
Novel Form Birefringence Modeling for an Ultracompact Sensor in Porous Silicon Films Using Polarization Interferometry (2004)

The optical form birefringence in porous silicon films is measured by analyzing the transmitted interference intensity of a polarization interferometer. A novel form birefringence model called "boundary condition (BC) model" for porous materials is introduced and evaluated experimentally against samples of porous silicon films. The variation of optical indexes of refraction vs the porosity in silicon films agrees with the calculated values of n/sub o//n/sub e/ within 1% error using the BC model, in contrast to the /spl sim/15% error using effective medium approximation model.
The Perceptibility of Color Differences between Thin Lines and its Application to Printing Imaging Pipelines (2022)

Imaging is enabled by the limitations of the human visual system, which is blind to certain physical differences. The trichromacy of human vision, e.g., allows for very different materials to be combined in a way that results in the same signals triggered by the eye&#x2019;s cones. As a result a print can elicit the same response as a display, or a projection can yield colors like those in a painting. The limits of spatial acuity too allow for discrete patterns, e.g., those resulting from halftoning, to appear continuous. This paper turns its attention to the limits of color difference perception in stimuli with a very small subtense, such as thin lines or fine features of 3D objects. A first set of psychophysical data, obtained in an on-line visual experiment, indicates a dramatic relaxation of perceptibility thresholds when comparing very thin with thicker lines. The second half of the paper then presents printer imaging pipeline strategies that take advantage of these experimental findings to successfully render fine lines while taking advantage of the more limited sensitivity with which their specific colors are perceived.
Baseline Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS3 Polymorphisms and Their Impact on Treatment Response in Clinical Studies of the HCV NS3 Protease Inhibitor Faldaprevir (2013)

A challenge to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals is the emergence of drug-resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) variants. HCV with preexisting polymorphisms that are associated with resistance to NS3/4A protease inhibitors have been detected in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We performed a comprehensive pooled analysis from phase 1b and phase 2 clinical studies of the HCV protease inhibitor faldaprevir to assess the population frequency of baseline protease inhibitor resistance-associated NS3 polymorphisms and their impact on response to faldaprevir treatment. A total of 980 baseline NS3 sequences were obtained (543 genotype 1b and 437 genotype 1a sequences). Substitutions associated with faldaprevir resistance (at amino acid positions 155 and 168) were rare (<1% of sequences) and did not compromise treatment response: in a phase 2 study in treatment-naive patients, six patients had faldaprevir resistance-associated polymorphisms at baseline, of whom five completed faldaprevir-based treatment and all five achieved a sustained virologic response 24 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR24). Among 13 clinically relevant amino acid positions associated with HCV protease resistance, the greatest heterogeneity was seen at NS3 codons 132 and 170 in genotype 1b, and the most common baseline substitution in genotype 1a was Q80K (99/437 [23%]). The presence of the Q80K variant did not reduce response rates to faldaprevir-based treatment. Across the three phase 2 studies, there was no significant difference in SVR24 rates between patients with genotype 1a Q80K HCV and those without Q80K HCV, whether treatment experienced (17% compared to 26%; P = 0.47) or treatment naive (62% compared to 66%; P = 0.72).
Expectation Management in a Global Collaboration Project Using a Deterministic Design Approach (2012)

Expectation management in product engineering design aims at setting achievable goals for both customers and designers, while leaving room for creativity and passion. This is especially challenging in the global workplace. Using an example of a design project, the Dental Headrest project (DHR), this paper reviews how expectations were managed in a successful, collaborative project between the University of Tokushima (UT) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The goal of the project was to design an innovative mechanism for the positioning a dental chair headrest so satisfy both the needs of a patient for comfort and a clinician for flexibility and access. The design team was formed with six students from the MIT MechE’s Precision Machine Design class, while the challenge proposed by a UT team of dentists and design engineers. The team followed a deterministic design procedure inducing understating the challenge and reviewing prior art, strategy and concept generation, detailed module design and fabrication and testing, culminating in presentation and documentation. Through the process was coordinated by online communication and collaborative working spaces which ensured real-time information transfer between the continents. The conclusion was a face-to-face meeting between the two institutions. This DHR project resulted in an innovative design of headrest adjusting mechanism that was implemented in a prototype. Moreover, the students, faculty and clinicians benefitted from the experience of innovative design collaboration in a multidisciplinary, global team.
A Practical Oxone®‐Mediated, High‐Throughput, Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Benzimidazoles from 1,2‐Phenylenediamines and Aldehydes and Its Application to Preparative Scale Synthesis. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Dual-Band CMOS CDMA Transmitter Without External SAW Filtering (2010)

A SAW-less dual-band I/Q transmitter without a driver amplifier is designed for dual-band (personal communication system (PCS)/International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) and cellular) code division multiple access applications. The receive band noise is less than -159 dBc/Hz. It can provide up to + 5-dBm output power and meets the adjacent channel power ratio and dynamic range requirements of both PCS/IMT and cellular CDMA. The measured <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> is better than -10 dB for both bands and it requires no external matching components. The transmitter is implemented in a 65-nm digital CMOS technology and is packaged using flip-chip technology. The transmitter signal path (RF portion) occupies 1.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Insights into oil recovery mechanism by Nothing-Alternating-Polymer (NAP) concept (2022)

This paper introduces new oil recovery mechanisms for oil recovery by polymer injection in heavy oil reservoirs with strong bottom aquifers. Due to unfavorable mobility ratio between aquifer water and oil and the development of the sharp cones significant amount of oil remains unswept. To overcome these issues, for the case demonstrated in this paper, a polymer injection pilot was executed with three horizontal injectors, located a few meters above the oil/water contact. The injectivity issues resulted in frequent shutdowns of the injectors. Interestingly, the water cut reversal and oil gain continued during the shut-in periods. This observation has led to the development of a new cyclic polymer injection strategy, in which the injection of polymer is alternated with intentional well shut-ins. The strategy is referred to as Nothing-Alternating-Polymer (NAP). It was found that during polymer injection, the oil is recovered by conventional mobility and sweep enhancement mechanisms ahead of the polymer front. Additionally, during this stage the injected polymer squeezes the existing cones and creates a barrier between the aquifer and the oil column, suppressing the aquifer flux and hence the negative effect of the cones or water channels (blanketing mechanism). Moreover, injection of polymer pushes the oil to the depleted water cones, which is then produced by the water coming from the aquifer during shut-in period (recharge mechanism). During the shut-in or NAP period, the aquifer water also pushes the existing polymer bank and hence leads to extra oil production. The resistance caused by polymer adsorption reduces the extent of fingering of water into polymer bank. The NAP strategy reduces polymer loss into aquifer and improves the polymer utilization factor expressed in kg-polymer/bbl of oil, resulting in a favorable economic outcome.
1054 Improving Sleep By Reducing Allergy Symptoms (2020)

Abstract Introduction Allergies can impact sleep quality and, in turn, quality of life. Sleep is affected because allergens irritate nasal passages, which can make breathing more difficult, start an immune response, and directly interfere with sleep. Nasal congestion often is worse at night, and during the night some anti-allergic control processes of the body dip, which can lead to increased symptoms. We tested if an air purifier in the bedroom would improve sleep and reduce allergy symptoms. Methods 29 adults with self-reported allergy complaints participated in an 8-week field study, using a non-counterbalanced pre-post intervention design. Intervention consisted of the use of an Alen BreatheSmart 45i air purifier at home for 24 hours a day during the duration of the test period. Sleep was measured with self-report and objectively with ResMed S+ every night. Allergy symptoms were measured using self-report. Paired t-tests and multilevel regression were used to test for statistical significance. Results 28 individuals reported a reduction in allergy symptoms and 27 reported better sleep during the intervention. Overall, participants reported a 38% improvement in allergy symptoms and a 59% improvement in sleep continuity. Moreover, participants felt they fell asleep faster (20% faster), experienced better sleep quality (14% better), and felt more rested in the morning (14% more rested). Objective data showed an 11% improvement of Wake After Sleep Onset and a 1.1% increase in sleep efficiency during intervention (all ps &amp;lt; 0.05), but only in the subgroup (n = 11) of participants with the poorest sleep at baseline. Conclusion Using an air purifier in the bedroom can reduce allergy symptoms and improve sleep. Objectively measured sleep improvements supported the self-reported improvements, but only in the subset of participants who showed compromised sleep at baseline. Support Alen Corporation
The Role of mGlu Receptors in Hippocampal Plasticity Deficits in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Implications for Allosteric Modulators as Novel Therapeutic Strategies (2016)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are two distinct forms of synaptic plasticity that have been extensively characterized at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SCCA1) synapse and the mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapse within the hippocampus, and are postulated to be the molecular underpinning for several cognitive functions. Deficits in LTP and LTD have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, there has been a large effort focused on developing an understanding of the mechanisms underlying these forms of plasticity and novel therapeutic strategies that improve or rescue these plasticity deficits. Among many other targets, the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors show promise as novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of these disorders. Among the eight distinct mGlu receptor subtypes (mGlu1-8), the mGlu1,2,3,5,7 subtypes are expressed throughout the hippocampus and have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in this brain area. However, development of therapeutic agents that target these mGlu receptors has been hampered by a lack of subtype-selective compounds. Recently, discovery of allosteric modulators of mGlu receptors has provided novel ligands that are highly selective for individual mGlu receptor subtypes. The mGlu receptors modulate the multiple forms of synaptic plasticity at both SC-CA1 and MF synapses and allosteric modulators of mGlu receptors have emerged as potential therapeutic agents that may rescue plasticity deficits and improve cognitive function in patients suffering from multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Optical modulating retro-reflectors (2012)

Free-space optical communication (FSO) offers many potential advantages. These include: high bandwidth, security, non-interference, and a large amount of available spectrum. Many of these advantages are related to optics' short wavelength relative to radio-frequency (RF) or microwave systems. At optical wavelengths even a small transmit aperture can produce highly directional beams, and optical receivers can focus light down to very small spots. To make use of this high optical antenna gain very good pointing is required. Even a small telescope, with a 1 cm diameter, has a diffraction-limited beam divergence of less than 250 micro-radians in the near-infrared. Pointing with this accuracy is challenging, particularly if one or both ends of the link are in motion. Active FSO systems with high pointing accuracy are often large, heavy, and have high power consumption [1]. Such systems are also complex, which can lead to reliability issues.
Reliable Multi-Path Routing Schemes for Real-Time Streaming (2006)

In off-line streaming, packet level erasure resilient forward error correction (FEC) codes rely on the unrestricted buffering time at the receiver. In real-time streaming, the extremely short playback buffering time makes FEC inefficient for protecting a single path communication against long link failures. It has been shown that one alternative path added to a single path route makes packet level FEC applicable even when the buffering time is limited. Further path diversity, however, increases the number of underlying links increasing the total link failure rate, requiring from the sender possibly more FEC packets. We introduce a scalar coefficient for rating a multi-path routing topology of any complexity. It is called redundancy overall requirement (ROR) and is proportional to the total number of adaptive FEC packets required for protection of the communication. With the capillary routing algorithm, introduced in this paper we build thousands of multi-path routing patterns. By computing their ROR coefficients, we show that contrary to the expectations the overall requirement in FEC codes is reduced when the further diversity of dual-path routing is achieved by the capillary routing algorithm
Observation of a new Ξb0 state (2021)

Using a proton-proton collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb -1 , the observation of a new excited 0 b resonance decaying to the - b final state is presented. The state, referred to as b 6227 0 , has a measured mass and natural width of m b 6227 0 6227:1 1.4 -1.5 AE 0.5 MeV and b 6227 0 18:6 5.0 -4.1 AE 1.4 MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic. The production rate of the b 6227 0 state relative to that of the - b baryon in the kinematic region 2 < < 5 and p T < 30 GeV is measured to be
The Soy, Breast Cancer Connection (2014)

In this interview we discuss the link between soy consumption and breast cancer, and the impact of soy supplements on gene expression in early-stage disease.
Origin and Quenching of Novel ultraviolet and blue emission in NdGaO3: Concept of Super-Hydrogenic Dopants (2016)

In this study we report the existence of novel ultraviolet (UV) and blue emission in rare-earth based perovskite NdGaO<sub>3</sub> (NGO) and the systematic quench of the NGO photoluminescence (PL) by Ce doping. Study of room temperature PL was performed in both single-crystal and polycrystalline NGO (substrates and pellets) respectively. Several NGO pellets were prepared with varying Ce concentration and their room temperature PL was studied using 325 nm laser. It was found that the PL intensity shows a systematic quench with increasing Ce concentration. XPS measurements indicated that nearly 50% of Ce atoms are in the 4+ state. The PL quench was attributed to the novel concept of super hydrogenic dopant (SHD)", where each Ce<sup>4+</sup> ion contributes an electron which forms a super hydrogenic atom with an enhanced Bohr radius, due to the large dielectric constant of the host. Based on the critical Ce concentration for complete quenching this SHD radius was estimated to be within a range of 0.85 nm and 1.15 nm whereas the predicted theoretical value of SHD radius for NdGaO3 is ~1.01 nm.
Initial chemotherapy for bulky invasive thymoma. (1992)

化学療法を先行させて治療を行った浸潤型胸腺腫3例を報告した.症例1 : 31歳, 女性.多角形胸腺腫疑い.CDDP・CPA・VCRによる化学療法と放射線照射の併用療法で著効を得た.症例2 : 64歳, 男性.混合形胸腺腫CDDP・VP-16による化学療法で奏効し, 放射線照射30Gyを行った後, 心膜・左腕頭静脈・左肺の一部を合併切除し腫瘍を摘出.摘出病理標本では広い範囲に線維化がみられ, 術前治療の効果が認められた.術後, 浸潤部周囲へ30Gyの照射を追加した.症例3 : 65歳, 男性.紡錘形胸腺腫.CDDP・VP-16による化学療法を行うも不変で, 左右腕頭静脈・上大静脈・心膜・右肺一部を合併切除し腫瘍を摘出.人工血管による血行再建を行った.摘出病理標本では一部に線維化を認めるのみであった.術後に浸潤部周囲へ40Gyの放射線照射を行った.浸潤型胸腺腫に対し, 化学療法を治療の第一選択として試みてみる価値はあると思われた.