gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PATH-61. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PHENOTYPING AND SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF WHO GRADE II-IV GLIOMAS (2019)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Specific genetic mutations are linked to clinical prognosis in gliomas. There has been increasing demand to understand the association between tissue biomarker expression and survival. Using patient-derived samples, WHO grade II-IV gliomas were evaluated by the protein-staining pattern of molecular markers of interest across tumor grade, and the association between their expression and survival was investigated. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMA) containing duplicate 1 mm cores were generated from 78 gliomas (WHO grade II-IV) using an automated TMA system. Immunohistochemistry was performed per the manufactures recommendation to evaluate expression of: Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5 (CD97), complement decay-accelerating factor (CD55), hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1α), EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 3 (EMR3), integrin, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). Samples with moderate (+1) or intense (+2) staining to WT1, CD31, CD97, CD55, or HIF1α, or any staining to EMR3 or IDH1 mutation, were considered positive. RESULTS Of the 78 tumor samples, there were 11 (14%) WHO grade II, 22 (28%) grade III, and 45 (59%) grade IV gliomas. Across grade III gliomas, anaplastic astrocytomas had significantly higher positive WT1 (p=0.04), CD31 (p=0.002) and IDH1 wild-type (p&lt; 0.0001) staining. High-grade (III &amp; IV) gliomas had significantly higher positive staining for WT1 (p=0.013), CD31 (0.024), integrin (p=0.021), and IDH1 wild type (p=0.044). In all gliomas, positive staining for WT1 (p&lt; 0.0001), CD31 (p=0.009), CD97 (p=0.024), EMR3 (p=0.036), and IDH1 wild type (p=0.0006) were associated with worse overall survival. After adjusting for patient age, positive staining for WT1 (p=0.003) was associated with worse overall survival. CONCLUSION Using immunohistochemistry, unique biomarker staining patterns were identified for WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytomas and for high-grade gliomas. Irrespective of grade, staining for WT1, CD97, CD31, EMR3, and IDH1 wild-type were associated with worse overall survival.
Application of Intra-RAN Flexible Spectrum Use to Networks with Multi-Rate Services (2006)

Flexible spectrum use (FSU) within a radio access network (RAN) offers a flexible way to adapt the network capacity to the spatial and diurnal variations on the user distributions over the cell and network areas. In this paper, FSU is applied to the downlink of a radio access network (RAN) that utilises both wideband (WB) and narrowband (NB) carriers. Intra-RAN FSU is used to provide flexibility in the spectrum use between the WB and NB carriers. The considered network is assumed to offer multiple real-time and non-real-time services. The focus of the paper is to determine performance of the considered spectrum use scenarios against the average distance of active users to their nearest basestation. The obtained results indicate that although the WB carrier is able to provide high peak data rates, its performance is highly dependent on the average distance of active users and substantial improvement on downlink performance of the network can be obtained by fragmenting spectrum according to the average distance of active users
Electron microscopic study on Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O high Tc oxides. (1989)

An electron microscopic investigation on Ti-Ba-Ca-Cu-O complex oxide systems reveals new ordered-intergrowth phases, a solid- solid reaction between the 2212 and 2223 phases, and a superstructure modulation in the 2201 phase. One of problems with the no- Ca containing 2201 crystal which shows significant Tc variation from non- superconductor to 80K, was studied in terms of superstructure modulation. The superstructure, having a vector q=± [3/14, ±1/14, ±1], occured on {310} planes, and its disordered structure results in diffuse ring patterns in electron diffaction patterns. It was found that a crystal which shows less diffuse scattering tends to have a higher Tc value.
Type 1 Diabetes (2003)

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder diagnosed on the basis of hyperglycemia. Diagnostic criteria for the disorder are periodically revised (1). Diabetes may be classified mainly into types 1 and 2 based on the etiology and severity of insulin deficiency (1). Most patients with type 1 diabetes show evidence of immune-mediated damage to the insulin-secreting β-cells. Diabetes is characterized by considerable morbidity and mortality. About 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes are not aware of having the disorder. Many patients are diagnosed with diabetes when being evaluated for a complication of diabetes. In contrast, patients with type 1 diabetes are dependent on insulin and need to be prescribed a complex insulin program consisting of rapidly absorbable insulin with each meal and long-acting insulin between meals and during the night. The incidence of type 1 diabetes has risen worldwide. The disorder is occurring earlier and is increasing even in regions with low prevalence (2). It is projected that the greatest increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes will occur in regions that currently have a low incidence (3). It is estimated that the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finland will exceed 50/100,000 by the year 2010 (3). The Diabetes Control and Complica-progression of retinopathy and neuropathy (4). However, achieving long-term satisfactory glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes is often diffcult in clinical pratice.
Transistor operation of 30-nm gate-length EJ-MOSFETs (1998)

We have fabricated electrically variable shallow junction metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistors (EJ-MOSFET's) to investigate transistor characteristics of ultrafine-gate MOSFET's. By using EB direct writing onto an ultrahigh-resolution negative resist (calixarene), we achieved a gate length of 32 nm for the first time. The short-channel effects were effectively suppressed by electrically induced ultrashallow source/drain regions, and the fabricated device exhibited normal transistor characteristics even in the 32-nm gate-length regime at room temperature: an ON/OFF current ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> and a cut-off current of 20 pA/μm.
Fuzzy-Logic Radioisotope Identifier for Gamma Spectroscopy in Source Search (2013)

Detection and identification of radioactive nuclear materials in urban searches can be fully performed with a portable gamma ray detector-spectrometer. Due to limited acquisition time and, as a consequence, low signal to noise ratio (SNR), development of fast and accurate real-time radioisotope identifier (RIID) algorithms is essential for automated source detection. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of fuzzy logic real-time radioisotope identification (FL-RIID) in several urban search scenarios. FL-RIID performance is tested on a database of searches consisting of injections of synthetic sources into experimental nuclear background spectra, acquired in one-second time intervals with a moving sodium iodide (NaI) gamma radiation detector-spectrometer. Performance of FL-RIID is benchmarked against that of maximum-likelihood (ML) fitting method. Demonstrated advantages of FL-RIID over ML in search applications include lower false alarm rate and faster execution time.
Syntheses of Solution-Processable Arylamine Derivatives and Their Application to Organic Light Emitting Devices (2012)

Alkyl-chain substituted arylamine derivatives, solution-processable hole-transporting compounds for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), were synthesized. Their thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. These compounds exhibited lower melting point than 60 °C and good solubility in common organic solvents, such as toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and chlorobenzene. The OLEDs with the arylamines as hole-transporting layer from solution-process and tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminum (Alq3) as emitting layer from dry-process were fabricated. The devices showed comparable driving voltages and improved efficiencies, compared with the corresponding device with N, N’-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N’-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPD) as hole-transporting layer from dry-process.
A 45nm 24MB on-die L3 cache for the 8-core multi-threaded Xeon ® Processor (2009)

The 24-way set associative 24MB 8-ported L3 cache for the 8-core Xeon® Processor uses 0.3816 µm02 cell in a 45nm high-K dielectric metal gate technology 9-copper layers. It is protected by double-error correction/triple-error detection ECC. The basic building block is designed to support completely different floorplan styles on 2 processors with large L3 cache. Off die fuse storage enables high resolution repair coverage.
Remotely controlled sensor apparatus for use in dig-face characterization system (2023)

A remotely controlled sensor platform apparatus useful in a dig-face characterization system is deployed from a mobile delivery device such as standard heavy construction equipment. The sensor apparatus is designed to stabilize sensors against extraneous motions induced by heavy equipment manipulations or other outside influences, and includes a terrain sensing and sensor elevation control system to maintain the sensors in close ground proximity. The deployed sensor apparatus is particularly useful in collecting data in work environments where human access is difficult due to the presence of hazardous conditions, rough terrain, or other circumstances that prevent efficient data collection by conventional methods. Such work environments include hazardous waste sites, unexploded ordnance sites, or construction sites. Data collection in these environments by utilizing the deployed sensor apparatus is desirable in order to protect human health and safety, or to assist in planning daily operations to increase efficiency.
Differential capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (DC4D) sensor for detection of object in microfluidic channel (2015)

In this paper, a novel design of a differential capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (DC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> D) sensor with thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) protective layer has been developed for detection of objects in microfluidic channel. The capacitive sensor consists of four adjacent electrodes which are arranged to form differential coplanar capacitor structures in order to achieve a high sensitivity and robust operation. The differential capacitance is changed when a micro particle (living cell for instance) crosses the microfluidic channel. This proposed sensor can be used for both conductive and non-conductive fluid media. The simulation inspection reveals that the sensor can detect an object with diameter down to 10 μm in a 50×100 μm cross-section channel, with capacitance change up to 0.05 fF. This novel design can not only detect the present of an object but also volume, velocity, as well as electrical property (conduct/non-conduct) of the investigated object.
MASI: A Novel Combination of Mask and Shield With Near-N95 Efficiency (2022)

Mask wearing has become critical for preventing the aerosolization and inhalation of virus-laden particles during the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. However, facial masks with effective filtration are either not readily accessible (e.g., N95) or have reduced filtration efficiency due to air gaps between the mask and the wearer (e.g., cloth masks). We have developed a novel combination of a mask and a shield named mask and shield integrated (MASI) that provides nearly the same levels of protection as an N95 mask by addressing these issues. Magnetic latches reduce gaps between the mask and the wearer, while a novel fin structure on the shield provides protection against floating particles. A series of experiments was performed to study the MASI’s efficacy in both eliminating mask gaps and also providing N95-like filtration efficiency. The MASI was found to solve both problems, thus providing a low-cost mask solution that can be applied to a broad range of environments to prevent inhalation of small airborne particles.
Novel Regulation of Aquaporins during Osmotic Stress (2004)

Aquaporin protein regulation and redistribution in response to osmotic stress was investigated. Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) McTIP1;2 (McMIPF) mediated water flux when expressed in Xenopus leavis oocytes. Mannitol-induced water imbalance resulted in increased protein amounts in tonoplast fractions and a shift in protein distribution to other membrane fractions, suggesting aquaporin relocalization. Indirect immunofluorescence labeling also supports a change in membrane distribution for McTIP1;2 and the appearance of a unique compartment where McTIP1;2 is expressed. Mannitol-induced redistribution of McTIP1;2 was arrested by pretreatment with brefeldin A, wortmannin, and cytochalasin D, inhibitors of vesicle trafficking-related processes. Evidence suggests a role for glycosylation and involvement of a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway in McTIP1;2 redistribution. McTIP1;2 redistribution to endosomal compartments may be part of a homeostatic process to restore and maintain cellular osmolarity under osmotic-stress conditions.
TNF-alpha inhibits HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages by inducing the production of RANTES and decreasing C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) expression. (1999)

The pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection is influenced by the immunoregulatory responses of the host. Macrophages present in the lymphoid tissue are susceptible to infection with HIV-1, but are relatively resistant to its cytopathic effects and serve as a reservoir for the virus during the course of disease. Previous investigators have demonstrated that increased serum levels of TNF-alpha contribute to the clinical symptoms of AIDS and that TNF-alpha stimulates the production of HIV-1 in chronically infected lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines by increasing HIV-1 gene expression. Although previous studies have suggested that TNF-alpha may increase HIV-1 infection of primary human mononuclear cells, some recent studies have indicated that TNF-alpha suppresses HIV-1 infection of macrophages. We now demonstrate that TNF-alpha suppresses HIV-1 replication in freshly infected peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) in a dose-dependent manner. As TNF-alpha has been shown to increase the production of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR5)-binding chemokines under certain circumstances, we hypothesized that TNF-alpha inhibits HIV-1 replication by increasing the expression of these HIV-suppressive factors. We now show that TNF-alpha treatment of PBM and AM increases the production of the C-C chemokine, RANTES. Immunodepletion of RANTES alone or in combination with macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta block the ability of TNF-alpha to suppress viral replication in PBM and AM. In addition, we found that TNF-alpha treatment reduces CCR5 expression on PBM and AM. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha plays a significant role in inhibiting monocytotropic strains of HIV-1 by two distinct, but complementary, mechanisms.
Length, scaling, and material dependence of crosstalk between distributed RC interconnects (2003)

New general expressions for the transient response time and peak crosstalk of coupled distributed RC interconnects driven by a voltage source with finite rise-time and source impedance are presented. New compact expressions for peak crosstalk voltage reveal a previously unrecognized strong dependence of crosstalk on interconnect length, scaling, driver impedance, and materials properties for typical rise-time dominant interconnect circuits.
On the robustness of router-based denial-of-service (DoS) defense systems (2005)

This paper focuses on "router-based" defense mechanisms, and whether they can provide effective solutions to network Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Router-based defenses operate either on traffic aggregates or on individual flows, and have been shown, either alone or in combination with other schemes, e.g., traceback, to be reasonably effective against certain types of basic attacks. Those attacks are, however, relatively brute-force, and usually accompanied by either significant increases in congestion, and/or traffic patterns that are easily identified. It is, therefore, unclear if router-based solutions are viable in the presence of more diverse or sophisticated attacks. As a result, even if incorporating defense mechanisms in the routers themselves has obvious advantages, such schemes have not seen wide deployments. Our ultimate goal is to determine whether it is possible to build router-based defense mechanisms that are effective against a wide range of attacks. This paper describes a first phase of this effort aimed at identifying weaknesses in existing systems. In particular, the paper demonstrates that aggregate defense systems can be readily circumvented, even by a single attacker, through minor modifications of its flooding patterns. Flow-based defenses fare slightly better, but can still be easily fooled by a small number of attackers generating transient flooding patterns. The findings of the paper provide insight into possible approaches for designing better and more robust router-based defense systems.
Rücktitelbild: Ortsaufgelöste Beobachtung von Schwingungsenergietransfer durch ein genetisch codiertes ultraschnelles Heizelement (Angew. Chem. 9/2019) (2019)

Schwingungsenergietransfer (VET) in Proteinen wird in Computerstudien mit Allosterie und anderen Aspekten der Proteinfunktion in Verbindung gebracht. J. Bredenbeck, N. Budisa und Mitarbeiter zeigen in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 2925, wie Schwingungsenergie injiziert und ortsaufgelöst experimentell nachverfolgt werden kann. Durch Verwendung eines genetisch codierten ultraschnellen Heizelements und von Femtosekunden-IR-Spektroskopie ermöglichte dieser Ansatz die Kartierung von VET-Pfaden in Proteinen und die Untersuchung der Rolle des VET für die Proteinfunktion.
Preconcentrating Minicolumn Sensors for Trace Environmental Monitoring (2007)

Preconcentrating minicolumn sensors represent an effective approach to achieve a substantial preconcentration factor within a sensing device, enabling very low detection limits as is required for environmental sensing. A selectively sorbent phase collects and concentrates analyte molecules as sample liquid is pumped through the column, ultimately equilibrating the entire sorbent phase with the analyte concentration in the sample. At equilibration, the amount on the column will be proportional to the analyte concentration when working at trace concentrations. We have demonstrated radiometric detection for the detection of radionuclides with this sensor, incorporating scintillating material in the column with the sorbent phase. The pertechnetate form of 99-technetium can be sensed using a mixed column bed containing anion exchange resin and scintillating plastic beads, collecting scintillation light with a pair of photomultiplier (PMT) tubes external to the transparent column body. For hexavalent chromium, we can also collect anions with anion exchange resin. In this case, optical fibers are coupled to the column body to measure the optical absorbance as a function of the amount of hexavalent chromium captured by the column. Both sensors can detect their respective analytes to levels below water standards.
Efficacy of Ethyl Nitrite in Reversing Surgical Vasospasm (2007)

Vasospasm leading to thrombosis is a major cause of free flap failure. Flap blood flow may improve by application of vasodilating agents to the pedicle. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a novel S-nitrosylating agent, O-ethyl nitrite, on flap blood flow and pedicle vessels diameter in a rat model, after induction of vasospasm. Two hours after surgery, the arterial diameter was significantly (P < .05) dilated by treatment with O-ethyl nitrite, lidocaine, or lidocaine + O-ethyl nitrite. None of these treatments had a statistically significant effect on blood flow or venous diameter. Twenty-four hours following surgery, both O-ethyl nitrite- and lidocaine-treated groups had larger arteries than the control group (P < .05). The O-ethyl nitrite-treated animals also had significantly (P < .05) elevated blood flow compared with control animals, but lidocaine-treated animals did not demonstrate any improved flow at 24 hours. O-Ethyl nitrite may become clinically useful in microvascular surgery procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity in Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of 2,5‐Diketo‐D‐threo‐hexonic Acid. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AlN on SOI pMUTs for ultrasonic power transfer (2017)

This work presents preliminary results on vicinity-based power transfer using MHz-range ultrasonic transducers. In principle, bulk acoustic waves (BAW) launched by a commercial ultrasonic probe are absorbed by a flexural mode transducer and converted to an electrical signal through direct piezoelectric effect. The proposed link leverages the enhancement of energy transfer at resonance and is empowered by piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs). The aluminum nitride (AlN) pMUTs used in this work are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates via a fully CMOS compatible process. Power transfer efficiencies (PTEs) as high as -29 dB and -36 dB were achieved when the probe was in direct contact with and at a 5 mm distance from the 200μm-diameter disk-shape pMUT, respectively.
Judicial Elections and Partisan Endorsement of Judicial Candidates in Minnesota (1941)

All judicial officers in the state of Minnesota, including the chief justice and six associate justices of the supreme court and fifty judges in the district courts, are required to be nominated and elected without partisan designation. Judicial nominations and elections were made nonpartisan by the election law of 1912. During a quarter of a century, the nonpartisan ballot has given Minnesota the services of an exceptionally well qualified bench, and sentiment is practically unanimous in favor of continuing this method of selecting judges. Once elevated to the bench, a Minnesota judge has a good chance of continuing in that capacity as long as he wishes to serve. Supreme court justices have been regularly reelected; so that their tenure has been, for all practical purposes, the same as that of federal judges. Three of the present members of the supreme court have been elected once, two have been elected twice, one three times, and one four times. With one exception, the supreme court justices since 1912 have retired from office by resignation or death. Of the eighty-four district court judges who have served since 1912, only four have been defeated at the polls when seeking reelection. At the present time, thirty-six of the state's fifty district court judges have been elected two or more times, and twenty-three have been elected three or more times.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Cabozantinib Eradicates Advanced Murine Prostate Cancer by Activating Antitumor Innate Immunity (2023)

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