gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccination with Virus‐Like Particles Induces Long Lasting Protection from Experimentally Induced Sarcoid‐Like Tumours in Horses (2014)

Reasons for performing study We have already demonstrated that vaccination with empty BPV 1 capsids termed virus‐like particles ( VLP ) protects horses from experimental infection with BPV 1 virion. Long‐term monitoring of antibody titres in experimental horses and data from other species suggest that this protection is long lasting. Objectives To test protection against experimental infection with BPV ‐1 virion in horses that were vaccinated with BPV ‐1 L 1 VLP approximately 5 years earlier. Study design Controlled experiment. Methods Seven horses, vaccinated 3 times (boosters after 4 weeks and 6 months) in 2007/2008 with doses of BPV 1 L 1 VLP ranging from 50 μg to 150 μg/dose and 3 unvaccinated control horses were challenged by intra‐dermal inoculation with cow wart derived BPV 1 virion (5 × 10 7 BPV ‐1 virions per wheal, 10 wheals per horse). Inoculation sites were monitored for 10 weeks. Blood for serum antibody titre determination by pseudovirion neutralisation assay was taken on the day of challenge and after 6 months. Results Six of 7 vaccinated horses had measurable serum antibody titres (1:50 to 1:400). These titres were boosted by inoculation (about one step of dilution). Two of 3 unvaccinated controls remained sero‐negative. One control horse showed sero‐conversion. All control horses developed tumours at all 10 inoculation sites. Tumours appeared approximately 2 weeks after inoculation and reached maximum sizes of up to 8 mm. Regression was complete by 8 weeks after their first appearance in all horses. All vaccinated horses remained completely free from tumours. No influence of dose rate or antibody titre on the level of protection could be determined. Conclusions BPV ‐1 L 1 VLP vaccination proves to be fully effective in protecting horses from experimental infection and tumour formation 5 years post immunisation. The protection was complete even in horses with low or unmeasurable antibody titres. This is another step towards establishing a vaccination against equine sarcoids. Ethical animal research: This experiment was approved by the institutional ethics committee and the national authority under license N o: GZ : 68.205/0144‐ II /3b/2012. Sources of funding: Veterinary University Vienna, A ustrian Research Fund ( FWF ). Competing interests: None.
Data from Prevalence of <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> Fusion Prostate Cancer among Men Undergoing Prostate Biopsy in the United States (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Fusion of the &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2&lt;/i&gt; prostate-specific gene with the &lt;i&gt;ERG&lt;/i&gt; transcription factor is a putatively oncogenic gene rearrangement that is commonly found in prostate cancer tissue from men undergoing prostatectomy. However, the prevalence of the fusion was less common in samples of transurethral resection of the prostate from a Swedish cohort of patients with incidental prostate cancer followed by watchful waiting, raising the question as to whether the high prevalence in prostatectomy specimens reflects selection bias. We sought to determine the prevalence of &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2-ERG&lt;/i&gt; gene fusion among prostate-specific antigen–screened men undergoing prostate biopsy in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We studied 140 prostate biopsies from the same number of patients for &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2-ERG&lt;/i&gt; fusion status with a fluorescent &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization assay. One hundred and thirty-four samples (100 cancer and 34 benign) were assessable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;ERG&lt;/i&gt; gene rearrangement was detected in 46% of prostate biopsies that were found to have prostate cancer and in 0% of benign prostate biopsies (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Evaluation of morphologic features showed that cribriform growth, blue-tinged mucin, macronucleoli, and collagenous micronodules were significantly more frequent in &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2-ERG&lt;/i&gt; fusion–positive prostate cancer biopsies than gene fusion–negative prostate cancer biopsies (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.04). No significant association with Gleason score was detected. In addition, non-Caucasian patients were less likely to have positive fusion status (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; This is the first prospective North American multicenter study to characterize &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2-ERG&lt;/i&gt; prostate cancer prevalence in a cohort of patients undergoing needle biopsy irrespective of whether or not they subsequently undergo prostatectomy. Our results show that this gene rearrangement is common among North American men who have prostate cancer on biopsy, is absent in benign prostate biopsy, and is associated with specific morphologic features. These findings indicate a need for prospective studies to evaluate the relationship of &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2-ERG&lt;/i&gt; rearrangement with clinical course of screening-detected prostate cancer in North American men, and a need for the development of noninvasive screening tests to detect &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2-ERG&lt;/i&gt; rearrangement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
G020022 Mechanical Properties and Hierarchical Structure of Cortical Bone in Bovine Femur (2011)

Cortical bone has a hierarchical structure. In microstructure, cortical bone is a composite structure of the osteonal and non-osteonal regions and it is regarded as "osteon composites". In nanostructure, cortical bone is a multi-phase nanocomposite material consisting of collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAp). The relationship between the mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of cortical bone has not been fully investigated and elucidated. This study used strip specimens aligned with the bone axis taken from the cortical bone of a bovine femur. In the experiments, elastic modulus and strength of the specimens were measured by tensile tests. The degree of c-axis orientation of HAp crystals in the specimens was measured by X-ray diffraction method. The area ratio of osteonal region at the cross sections of the specimens was determined. Indentation tests using an AFM probe were conducted at the osteonal and non-osteonal regions in the cross-section. As a result, the elastic modulus and strength were higher in specimens with lower area ratio of the osteonal region. Indentation tests show that the contact stiffness of the osteonal region was lower than that of the non-osteonal region; however, the difference was not so large. The degree of HAp orientation was higher in specimens with lower area ratio of the osteonal region. Furtehr, the elastic modulus in the bone axial direction depended on the degree of c-axis orientation of HAp crystals.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Characterization of a New Class of Androgen Receptor Antagonists with Potential Therapeutic Application in Advanced Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 162K, AR mRNA levels are unaffected upon treatment with VPC-3022 and VPC-3033. Total RNA was extracted after treatment of LNCaP and MDV3100-resistant cells with VPC-3022 and VPC-3033 for 24 hours at the indicated concentrations in the presence of 0.1 nM R1881. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of AR expression was performed and normalized to 18S rRNA levels. Error bars indicate standard deviation.&lt;/p&gt;
High glass transition and thermally stable polynorbornenes containing fluorescent dipyrene moieties via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (2011)

Abstract A high‐glass‐transition‐temperature polynorbornene, poly(NBEDPY), containing chromophore groups was synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs' catalysts; poly(HNBEDPY) was obtained by the reduction of poly(NBEDPY). The glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of poly(NBEDPY) and hydrogenated poly(HNBEDPY) were as high as 250 °C and 220 °C, respectively, because of the rigid dipyrene groups, which are higher than those of commercially available ring‐opened hydrogenated polynorbornenes (JSR ARTON®; 120–165 °C). The 10% weight‐loss temperatures of hydrogenated poly(HNBEDPY) and poly(NBEDPY) were up to 450 °C and 400 °C, respectively. A hydrogenated poly (HNBEDPY) film showed excellent transparency (over 91%). The photoluminescence emission spectra of poly(HNBEDPY) showed strong solvent‐polarity dependence, revealing that poly (HNBEDPY) underwent remarkable bathochromic shifts with an increase in solvent polarity. Poly(HNBEDPY) also showed remarkable fluorescent solvatochromism (blue in toluene, greenish yellow in dimethyl sulfoxide). The cyclic voltammogram of poly(HNBEDPY) film cast onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated glass substrate exhibited one reversible oxidation redox couple at 0.55 V versus Ag/Ag + in acetonitrile solution. The electrochromic characteristics of poly(HNBEDPY) showed reversibility, with a color change from its green neutral form to dark red upon the application of potentials from 0 to 1.0 V. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
I - P relationship and effective capacitance in external electrode fluorescent lamp (2006)

The authors derived an analytical relationship between rms tube current and input power for various capacitances of the external electrode part and measured their effective capacitances in an external electrode fluorescent lamp. From the fitting derived relation in the measured data, the reliability of the authors’ derivation was certain and effective capacitances were measured. Consequently, it is confirmed that the derived relationship is very useful in estimating the effective capacitance of the external electrode part for any shape of glass tube and electrodes during the lamp operation.
Elastase Exocytosis by Airway Neutrophils Is Associated with Early Lung Damage in Children with Cystic Fibrosis (2018)

NE exocytosis by airway neutrophils occurs in all children with CF, and its cellular measure correlates with early lung damage. These findings implicate live airway neutrophils in early CF pathogenesis, which should instruct biomarker development and antiinflammatory therapy in children with CF.
Synthese von (−)‐Spathulenol1) (1981)

Abstract In Anlehnung an die berühmte Synthese des (−)‐Aromadendrens wird die Synthese von (−)‐Spathulenol ( 31 ) und (−)‐7‐epi‐Spathulenol ( 32 ) aus (−)‐β‐Pinen über (−)‐Perillaaldehyd und die Zwischenstufen 7 , 19 , und 25 durchgeführt.
Chemically induced expression of the rolC‐encoded β‐glucosidase in transgenic tobacco plants and analysis of cytokinin metabolism: rolC does not hydrolyze endogenous cytokinin glucosides in planta (1996)

Summary The rolC gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T‐DNA plays an essential role in the establishment of hairy root disease and its overexpression in transgenic plants causes pleiotropic developmental alterations. This study investigated whether the biological activity of the rolC β‐glucosidase is due to an alteration of the cytokinin balance in planta . HPLC radiocounting assays of [ 3 H]‐labeled cytokinin glucosides fed exogenously to tobacco leaf disks, to rolC expressing Escherichia coli cells or cell‐free extracts showed that cytokinin N3‐ and O‐glucosides are the preferred substrate of the rolC protein. Hydrolysis of N7‐ and N9‐glucosides was not detected at substrate concentrations close to physiological levels. Furthermore, these conjugates were also not active as cytokinins in biotests when fed to rolC ‐expressing tissues. For analysis of the rolC activity on endogenous cytokinin conjugates the gene was expressed under the transcriptional control of a modified tetracycline‐inducible 35S promoter. This was done to avoid possible interference with secondary effects or plant homeostatic mechanisms which could mask primary in planta events when transgenes are expressed constitutively. No changes in the endogenous pool of different cytokinin glucosides, as determined by a newly developed electrospray tandem mass spectroscopy directly coupled to high performance liquid chromatography, were found following chemical induction of the rolC gene. Also the levels of free cytokinins remained unchanged after gene induction. Hybrid tobacco plants expressing the cytokinin‐synthezising ipt gene and the rolC gene showed added phenotypes indicating that the rolC phenotype is mediated on a signalling pathway different from those of cytokinins. RolC/ipt hybrids also accumulated high levels of cytokinin O‐glucosides. It is concluded that the phenotypic alterations caused by the rolC gene product are not due to a release of free cytokinins from inactive conjugates, most likely because of subcellular compartmentation of the putative substrate.
Scale Invariants of Radial Tchebichef Moments for Shape-Based Image Retrieval (2009)

Region-based descriptors often use moments to describe shapes. The discreet radial Tchebichef moment descriptors have been proposed. The radial Tchebichef moments are invariant with respect to image rotation. In order to achieve the scale invariance, researchers resort to resizing the original shape to predetermined size. This traditional scheme of scaling is time expensive and leads to the loss of some characteristics of a shape. Therefore, moments derived using the traditional normalization scheme may differ from the true moments of the original shape. In this paper, a simple yet powerful scheme has been proposed to derive a new set of scale invariants of radial Tchebichef moments. This scheme uses the area and the maximum radial distance of a shape to normalize the radial Tchebichef moments. The MPEF-7 scale-invariant database is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme against four commonly used shape descriptors.
EFFECTS OF pH AND SODIUM CHLORIDE ON Yersinia enterocolitica GROWTH AT ROOM AND REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURES (1980)

ABSTRACT The effects of pH level and sodium chloride concentration on clinical and environmental strains of Yersinia enterocolitica at 3° and 25°C were determined. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal inhibition was observed at 7% w/v sodium chloride at both 3° and 25° C in Brain Heart Infusion Broth. Growth was observed at pH 4.6‐9.0. Clinical strains showed significantly greater tolerance to pH level and sodium chloride concentration than did the environmental strains of Y. enterocolitica at 25° C. These findings suggest that Y. enterocolitica may be resistant to some common methods of food preservation.
Murine T helper cell-2 lymphocytes express type I and type II IL-1 receptors, but only the type I receptor mediates costimulatory activity. (1993)

The role of IL-1 in augmenting the Ag receptor-initiated activation program was evaluated in IL-4-producing (Th2) CD4+ murine T lymphocytes. Northern blot and 125I-labeled IL-1 alpha cross-linking analyses demonstrated that Th2 lymphocytes express both type I and type II IL-1R. The expression of both IL-1R isoforms on the surface of the Th2 cells is coordinately up-regulated in response to anti-CD3 cross-linking in the absence of detectable accessory cells. Analyses of the kinetics of IL-1R acquisition demonstrated that the peak level of type I and type II IL-1R mRNA expression occurs after the peak expression of mRNA encoding IL-2R alpha and IL-4, which are two IL-1-responsive events in the Th2 activation program. Type I IL-1R ligand-binding antagonists, IL-1R antagonist and anti-type I mAb, were used to evaluate the functional significance of Th2 cell expression of two IL-1R isoforms. The addition of either IL-1R antagonist or anti-type I mAb completely inhibited the IL-1 alpha-augmented component of the proliferative response stimulated by anti-CD3 plus exogenous IL-1 alpha. Together, these studies indicate that, although Th2 clones express inducible levels of both type I and type II IL-1R isoforms, the IL-1-induced intracellular signals involved in augmenting an anti-CD3-stimulated proliferative response are mediated solely through the type I IL-1R.
Efficient Enantio-, Diastereo, E/Z-, and Site-Selective Nickel-Catalyzed Fragment Couplings of Aldehydes, Dienes, and Organoborons (2022)

The enantioselective synthesis of bis-homoallylic alcohols through nickel-catalyzed three-component fragment couplings of simple aldehydes, dienes, and aryl organoborons is disclosed. The reactions proceed through diene dicarbofunctionalization that concurrently forms two C-C bonds and two stereogenic centers. The transformations are promoted by a 5.0 mol % loading of a readily accessible chiral phosphine-nickel complex and afford products with high stereoselectivity.
Hybrid relay selection in heterogenous relay networks (2010)

In this paper heterogenous networks are envisioned where multiple amplify-forward (AF) and decode-forward (DF) relays coexist. Consider a representative case with one source, one destination, and multiple relays, where at each point in time a subset (e.g. two) of the relays can be active simultaneously. The question naturally arises: how can we select relays for service from among the collection of available relays, and what is the performance of each selection scheme. We propose and analyze several selection schemes in a two-relay scenario involving a number of ways to synchronously combine AF and DF relays. Expressions for outage probability in each case are obtained.
Distinct Roles for Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gβγ in Modulation of Forskolin- or Gs-mediated cAMP Accumulation and Calcium Mobilization by Dopamine D2S Receptors (1999)

Previous studies have shown that a single G protein-coupled receptor can regulate different effector systems by signaling through multiple subtypes of heterotrimeric G proteins. In LD2S fibroblast cells, the dopamine D2S receptor couples to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi/Go proteins to inhibit forskolin- or prostaglandin E1-stimulated cAMP production and to stimulate calcium mobilization. To analyze the role of distinct Galphai/o protein subtypes, LD2S cells were stably transfected with a series of PTX-insensitive Galphai/o protein Cys --> Ser point mutants and assayed for D2S receptor signaling after PTX treatment. The level of expression of the transfected Galpha mutant subunits was similar to the endogenous level of the most abundant Galphai/o proteins (Galphao, Galphai3). D2S receptor-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production was retained only in clones expressing mutant Galphai2. In contrast, the D2S receptor utilized Galphai3 to inhibit PGE1-induced (Gs-coupled) enhancement of cAMP production. Following stable or transient transfection, no single or pair set of mutant Galphai/o subtypes rescued the D2S-mediated calcium response following PTX pretreatment. On the other hand, in LD2S cells stably transfected with GRK-CT, a receptor kinase fragment that specifically antagonizes Gbeta gamma subunit activity, D2S receptor-mediated calcium mobilization was blocked. The observed specificity of Galphai2 and Galphai3 for different states of adenylyl cyclase activation suggests a higher level of specificity for interaction of Galphai subunits with forskolin- versus Gs-activated states of adenylyl cyclase than has been previously appreciated.
An Aging Population of Chronic Hepatitis B With Increasing Comorbidities: A Territory‐Wide Study From 2000 to 2017 (2019)

Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are aging because of improved survival under better health care. This has an important implication on the choice of antiviral treatment (AVT), given that long-term safety would be a concern in the presence of multiple comorbidities. We aimed to determine the prevalence of key comorbidities and concomitant medications in a territory-wide CHB cohort in Hong Kong in 2000-2017. CHB patients who have been under the care at primary, secondary, and tertiary medical centers in the public sector were identified through the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System of the Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. The demographics and prevalence of key comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, osteopenia/osteoporosis based on diagnosis codes, relevant medications, and/or laboratory parameters, were determined according to CHB patients' first appearance in four time periods: 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2013, and 2014-2017. In the final analysis, 135,395 CHB patients were included; the mean age increased with time: 41 ± 15 years in 2000-2004; 46 ± 17 years in 2005-2009; 51 ± 16 years in 2010-2013; and 55 ± 15 years in 2014-2017. There was a trend of increasing prevalence of several common comorbidities over the four periods: hypertension 25.5%, 23.8%, 27.2%, and 28.6%; diabetes mellitus 10.6%, 12.5%, 16.1%, and 20.1%; cardiovascular disease 12.5%, 16.9%, 20.9%, and 22.2%; and malignancy 7.0%, 13.2%, 17.3%, and 23.6%, respectively (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: CHB patients are getting older with increasing prevalence of common comorbidities. These comorbidities should be taken into account when choosing AVT.
3D shape reconstruction of bone from two x-ray images using 2D/3D non-rigid registration based on moving least-squares deformation (2010)

Several studies based on biplanar radiography technologies are foreseen as great systems for 3D-reconstruction applications for medical diagnoses. This paper proposes a non-rigid registration method to estimate a 3D personalized shape of bone models from two planar x-ray images using an as-rigid-as-possible deformation approach based on a moving least-squares optimization method. Based on interactive deformation methods, the proposed technique has the ability to let a user improve readily and with simplicity a 3D reconstruction which is an important step in clinical applications. Experimental evaluations of six anatomical femur specimens demonstrate good performances of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy and robustness when compared to CT-scan.
Imaging of Reporter Genes and Stem Cells (2010)

Over the last few years, cell-based regenerative medicine has appeared as a therapeutic option for many different disease states, such as musculoskeletal, endocrine, neurodegenerative, coronary artery disease, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies and has been a focus of significant attention of the scientific community. The main objective of cell-based therapies is to repopulate the damaged tissue with functional cells, with the final goal that these cells will integrate with the remaining functional native cells and contribute to the recuperation of lost function. Use of stem cells has been shown to regenerate different organs and systems, such as endocrine (e.g., pancreas), joints (i.e., cartilage), musculoskeletal (i.e., bone), and cardiovascular system (i.e., myocardium), and has also been used as adjuvant treatment for malignancies. A wide range of cell types have been used, including mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and neural stem cells. A significant body of knowledge has been acquired in regard to the biology of stem cells and the potential benefit of their use in tissue and organ regeneration. However, several questions remain regarding the biology of stem cells in living subjects and how they integrate with native tissue.
Statistical-aware designs for the nm era (2009)

As technology scaled beyond the 100 nm node, process variation and particularly random variations effects have had significant impact on the design yield. Memory designs, namely SRAMs, have become more prone to fails. Dynamic stability and dynamic noise margins have become a serious concern. Several design methodologies have been proposed to analyze and counter process variations. In this paper, we revisit key variability-driven design contributions, in terms of dual supply techniques, bitline clamping methods, and novel circuits with programmable capabilities, with particular emphasis on statistical exploration of the design space.