gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1P1-C05 Residual Stresses at Cortical Surface of Bovine and Equine Femurs (2010)

Bone is often subjected to residual stresses and the stresses play an important role in a mechanical strength of the tissue. The aim of this study is to compare the residual stresses at the cortical surface of the diaphysis in bovine and equine femurs. The residual stresses were measured at anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial positions in the middle of the femurs. As a result, focusing on the anterior and posterior positions, the residual stresses of the anterior position were larger than that of the posterior position in both femurs. It would appear that the femurs from different quadrupeds are subjected to similar bending loads for the anterior-posterior direction in vivo. Therefore, the residual stresses should relate to the mechanical environments in vivo.
LookinGood (2018)

Motivated by augmented and virtual reality applications such as telepresence, there has been a recent focus in real-time performance capture of humans under motion. However, given the real-time constraint, these systems often suffer from artifacts in geometry and texture such as holes and noise in the final rendering, poor lighting, and low-resolution textures. We take the novel approach to augment such real-time performance capture systems with a deep architecture that takes a rendering from an arbitrary viewpoint, and jointly performs completion, super resolution, and denoising of the imagery in real-time. We call this approach neural (re-)rendering , and our live system "LookinGood". Our deep architecture is trained to produce high resolution and high quality images from a coarse rendering in real-time. First, we propose a self-supervised training method that does not require manual ground-truth annotation. We contribute a specialized reconstruction error that uses semantic information to focus on relevant parts of the subject, e.g. the face. We also introduce a salient reweighing scheme of the loss function that is able to discard outliers. We specifically design the system for virtual and augmented reality headsets where the consistency between the left and right eye plays a crucial role in the final user experience. Finally, we generate temporally stable results by explicitly minimizing the difference between two consecutive frames. We tested the proposed system in two different scenarios: one involving a single RGB-D sensor, and upper body reconstruction of an actor, the second consisting of full body 360° capture. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate how our system generalizes across unseen sequences and subjects.
Pseudoinsulinoma Syndrome from Inadvertent Tolazamide Ingestion (1980)

A 70-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis presented with fasting hypoglycemia, inappropriately elevated insulin and C-peptide levels, and negative insulin antibodies, all compatible with the diagnosis of an insulinoma. However, results of a 72-hour fast were subsequently negative. Medication identification revealed that the patient had been taking tolazamide (Tolinase; The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan) instead of tolmetin (Tolectin; McNeil Laboratories, Inc., Fort Washington, Pennsylvania).
Molecular cloning of complementary DNA from a pneumopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus and its diagnostic application. (1988)

A pneumopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus was grown in cell culture and purified. Genomic ribonucleic acid was extracted, polyadenylated at the 3' end, and copied into complementary DNA after oligo-dT priming. Complementary DNA was male double stranded and cloned into the pUC9 plasmid. Approximately 200 complementary DNA clones varying in length from 0.5 to 2.5 kilobases were obtained. Hybridization assays indicated that the sequences isolated were specific for bovine viral diarrhea virus and that at least 5.5 kilobases of bovine viral diarrhea virus genome was represented in the library of complementary DNA clones, the majority of which may have originated from the 3' end of the virus genome. One cloned complementary DNA sequence was used as a 32P-labelled hybridization probe for bovine viral diarrhea virus detection. The probe hybridized with all cytopathic and noncytopathic strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus tested and was 100 times more sensitive than infectivity assays for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Hybridization did not occur with nucleic acids from bovine coronavirus, bluetongue virus, bovine adenovirus or uninfected cell cultures. Native plasmid DNA sequences, labelled with 32P, did not hybridize with bovine viral diarrhea virus ribonucleic acid.
Starlike dendrimers in solutions: Structural properties and internal dynamics (2006)

We measured the shape and the internal dynamics of starlike dendrimers under good solvent conditions with small-angle neutron scattering and neutron spin-echo (NSE) spectroscopy, respectively. Architectural parameters such as the spacer length and generation were varied in a systematic manner. Structural changes occurring in the dendrimers as a function of these parameters are discussed, i.e., in terms of the fractal dimension and deviations of the radius of gyration from the Gaussian value. A first cumulant evaluation of the NSE spectra for each scattering vector q separately yields the length scale dependent relaxation rates. We observe a local minimum in the normalized relaxation rates Omega(q)q(3) on length scales corresponding to the overall dendrimer dimension. The dynamics is discussed within a Rouse-Zimm approach generalized to the case of starlike dendrimers of arbitrary geometry. The model allows an identification of the modes contributing to the relaxation of the dendrimer in the q and time range of the NSE experiment. The local minimum is due to collective breathing motions of (parts of) the dendrons relative to each other. Shape fluctuations are not observed.
Inverse Rendering for Complex Indoor Scenes: Shape, Spatially-Varying Lighting and SVBRDF from a Single Image (2019)

We propose a deep inverse rendering framework for indoor scenes. From a single RGB image of an arbitrary indoor scene, we create a complete scene reconstruction, estimating shape, spatially-varying lighting, and spatially-varying, non-Lambertian surface reflectance. To train this network, we augment the SUNCG indoor scene dataset with real-world materials and render them with a fast, high-quality, physically-based GPU renderer to create a large-scale, photorealistic indoor dataset. Our inverse rendering network incorporates physical insights -- including a spatially-varying spherical Gaussian lighting representation, a differentiable rendering layer to model scene appearance, a cascade structure to iteratively refine the predictions and a bilateral solver for refinement -- allowing us to jointly reason about shape, lighting, and reflectance. Experiments show that our framework outperforms previous methods for estimating individual scene components, which also enables various novel applications for augmented reality, such as photorealistic object insertion and material editing. Code and data will be made publicly available.
Molecular Energy Transfer across Oxide Surfaces (2001)

The decay properties of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state(s) of [Ru(bpy)2(4,4‘-(PO3H2)2bpy)](Br)2 adsorbed in nanoporous, thin ZrO2 films are complex. Decay kinetics are comparable under Ar or Ar-deaerated CH3CN suggesting that the complexes are imbedded in the open porous structures of the films. Average lifetimes are dependent on the extent of fractional coverage (FRuII) and emission maxima are time dependent. A model is invoked involving complex surface relaxation dynamics arising from a heterogeneity in adsorption sites and cross-surface RuII*-to-RuII migration and quenching at low-energy trap sites. On mixed surfaces containing both adsorbed RuII and [Os(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)](PF6)2 (OsII), RuII*-to-OsII energy transfer occurs with ΔG° = −0.40 eV. On the basis of CW emission and lifetime measurements, the extent of quenching varies with the fractional surface coverage of OsII, FOsII. The average rate constant for energy transfer 〈ken〉 is exponentially dependent on distance r according to the equation, ken(r) = ken(ro) exp(−βen(r − rO)), consistent with a dominant role for the Dexter (exchange) energy transfer mechanism. In this equation, the rate constant at close contact, ro, is 〈ken(ro)〉 = 2.7 × 107 s-1 and β = 0.35 Å-1. By using emission spectral fitting to evaluate the barrier parameters for energy transfer, the energy transfer matrix element at close contact is 〈Vo〉 = 0.4 cm-1. As shown by CW emission measurements, the extent of RuII* quenching is also dependent on the fractional coverage of RuII but in a complex way. A qualitative model is proposed to explain the data based on (1) RuII* → OsII energy transfer, (2) cross-surface energy migration by a random walk, and (3) RuII* → Os energy transfer following RuII* → RuII migration by percolation.
CPW uniplanar and monobloc balanced 3-way power divider for wearable antennas (2016)

We report in this paper the design and validation of an uniplanar and monobloc balanced 3-way power divider to be used as a feeding circuit for wearable antennas. It operates in two frequency bands: the military band, 2 to 2.1 GHz and the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, 2.4 to 2.5 GHz. A prototype was realized and tested. Obtained results show a good agreement between simulation and measurement. The prototype presents a return loss of 28.5 dB at the central frequency with a bandwidth at -10 dB of 1.58 GHz (from 1.52 to 3.1 GHz), 70%. At the target frequency band (2 to 2.5 GHz), the insertion loss and the amplitude imbalance are below 0.5 dB and 0.43 dB respectively.
Substrate Release Mechanisms for Gas Metal Arc Weld 3D Aluminum Metal Printing (2014)

Limited material options, prohibitively expensive equipment, and high production costs currently limit the ability of small and medium enterprises to use 3D printing to prototype and manufacture metallic goods. A low-cost open-source 3D metal printer that utilizes gas metal arc welding technology has been developed that could make metal printing accessible to the average consumer. Unfortunately, this technology would demand access to expensive cutting tools for part removal from the substrate. This article investigates several substrate treatments to provide a low-cost method to easily remove 3D-printed 1100 aluminum parts from a reusable substrate. Coatings of aluminum oxide and boron nitride on 1100 aluminum and A36 low-carbon steel substrates were tested. Lap shear tests were performed to assess the interlayer adhesion between the printed metal part and the print substrate. No warping of the substrate was observed during printing. It was determined that boron nitride-coated low-carbon steel provided the lowest adhesion strength. Printing aluminum on uncoated low-carbon steel also allowed easy removal of the aluminum part with the benefit of no additional coating steps or costs.
Tailored Ink For Piston-Driven Electrostatic Liquid Drop Modulator (2023)

The present invention relates to an ink composition including water, a solvent, a solvent-soluble dye, and a surfactant, where the ink exhibits a stable liquid microemulsion phase at a first temperature and a second temperature higher than the first temperature and has a conductivity of at most about 200 .mu.S/cm and a dielectric constant of at least about 60, and methods of making such ink compositions. The present invention also relates to a method of making an ink composition for use in a microelectromechanical system-based fluid ejector. The method involves providing a solution or dispersion including a dye or a pigment and adding to the solution or dispersion an additive which includes a material that enhances dielectric permittivity and/or reduces conductivity under conditions effective to produce an ink composition having a conductivity of at most about 200 .mu.S/cm and a dielectric constant of at least about 60.
Space Probe Application of IEC Thrusters (2009)

Earlier studies have described Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) fusion power concepts using either D-He3 or p-B11 fuels to provide a high-power density fusion propulsion system capable of aggressive deep space missions. However, this requires a large multi-GW thruster forcing a long term development program. As a first step, we examine here a progression of near-term IEC thrusters, stating with a 1-10 kWe electrically-driven IEC jet thruster for satellites followed by a small 50-100 kW IEC fusion thruster module for next generation large deep space spacecraft. The initial electrically-powered unit is a novel multi-jet plasma thruster based on spherical IEC technology using electrical input power from a solar panel. This type of unit is discussed and its advantages for next step electrically driven units are identified.
Cardiopulmonary bypass and renal cell carcinoma with level IV tumour thrombus: can deep hypothermic circulatory arrest limit perioperative mortality? (2010)

• Radical nephrectomy and level IV tumour thrombectomy is associated with significant mortality. • The use of DHCA does not appear to adversely affect operative characteristics and may limit perioperative mortality. • Further prospective studies should be performed to confirm the benefit of DHCA.
Pharmacotherapy for induction and maintenance of remission in pouchitis (1998)

The results presented in this review must be interpreted with extreme caution given the small numbers of trials and patients evaluated for any one comparison. Metronidazole appears to be an effective therapy for active chronic pouchitis. Bismuth carbomer foam enemas may not be an effective therapy for chronic active pouchitis. Oral probiotic therapy with VSL-3 appears to be an effective therapy for maintaining remission in patients with chronic pouchitis in remission. There is no evidence of a difference in the maintenance of symptomatic remission in patients with chronic pouchitis treated with glutamine versus butyrate suppositories, and it is unknown whether glutamine and butyrate are equally effective or ineffective. Additional randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of empiric medical therapies currently being used in patients with pouchitis.
Current Situations and Perspectives on Ethanol Market in Asia (2006)

To know the current situations on ethanol utilization, a detailed survey was made on its demand and supply in Asian countries such as Japan, China, India, Thailand, Korea, Philippine, and Pakistan. As a result, it was clarified that ethanol market has been developed and commercialized already in China and Thailand. It was found to be due to a sudden increase in the crude oil price and recent motorization progressed by an economic development, together with plentiful feedstocks available in these developing countries.In Japan, however, utilization of ethanol fuel is under consideration through the empirical car testing for targeting the practical use by 2012, while in Korea, a progress is only for testing production of ethanol from the imported grains. In India, Philippine, and Pakistan, ethanol fuel production program has just initiated recently. In China, ethanol fuel production has been developed in the north-east granary region with using maize mainly. Whereas in Thailand, ethanol fuel production has been also progressed to stimulate local economics in rural districts, and now ethanol produced mainly from molasses has been sold in a vicinity of Bangkok. In the near future, a large-scale ethanol production is being expected on the sugar cane industry basis.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Fluorobenzenechromium Complexes with P‐Chiral Secondary Phosphine—Boranes: Synthesis of Optically Pure P‐Chiral (Dialkyl)arylphosphine—Boranes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Immunomics in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (2004)

Background La/SSB is a phosphoprotein that associates with various small RNA molecules. It has been found that the primary phosphorylation site of the molecule during various physiological processes is in Ser366. Objectives To determine whether the phosphorylation state of Ser366 could affect the antigenicity and the recognition of the protein by antibodies from patients with primary Sjgren's syndrome (pSS). Methods Peptides 349-368aa and phos349-368aa (with the Ser366 residue phosphorylated) were synthesized. Sera with anti-La specificity from 30 patients with pSS and sera from 19 normal individuals were examined against the two synthetic peptides in ELISA. The antibody specificity against the epitopes was tested with homologous and heterologous inhibition assays. Results Of pSS sera 23% reacted against the 349-368aa peptide. Sera binding to unphosphorylated peptide reacted also with phos349-368aa. Although the same sera gave a positive reaction against both peptides, the optical density values received from antibodies to phos349-368aa were higher, indicating a higher concentration or stronger affinity. When phos349-368aa was used as soluble inhibitor, in homologous inhibition the reactivity was almost completely abolished (92%). In contrast, when the unphosphorylated peptide was used as inhibitor, the reactivity of sera against phos349-368aa was only partially reduced (35%), indicating that sera from these patients possess two distinct groups of antibodies: one against the unphosphorylated and one against the phosphorylated epitope. Conclusion The phosphorylation of the serine366 residue resulted in a significant increase in antibody binding on epitope 349-368aa of La/SSB. These observations might explain the increased antigenicity of La/SSB autoantigen in various pathological situations in which phosphorylation may occur.
PERFORMANCE OF CURRENT SAFETY HARDWARE FOR NCHRP REPORT 350 VEHICLES (1995)

Since its publication in 1980, NCHRP Report 230, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Appurtenances, has served as the primary reference for full-scale testing of roadside safety features. However, significant changes in the vehicle fleet, and continued evolution in design concepts and technology necessitated an update to Report 230. A comprehensive update of the procedures for safety performance evaluation of highway features was published as NCHRP Report 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features, in 1993. The greatest departure between Report 350 and its predecessor lies in the definition of its standard test vehicle. Report 350 specifies the use of a 3/4-ton pickup truck, designated 2000P, as the new design vehicle, replacing the 4,500 lb passenger sedan (4500S) used under Report 230. This paper discusses the major differences between the 2000P and 4500S, and presents the results of crash tests conducted with pickup trucks. It is concluded that further research is clearly warranted to better quantify the safety performance of roadside features with the 2000P pickup truck and other subclasses of light trucks, particularly for flexible barrier systems.
MoS2 Phototransistor Sensitized by Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Wells (2020)

Abstract A phototransistor built by the assembly of 2D colloidal semiconductor quantum wells (CQWs) on a single layer of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) is displayed. This hybrid device architecture exhibits high efficiency in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) enabling superior performance in terms of photoresponsivity and detectivity. Here, a thin film of CdSe/CdS CQWs acts as a sensitizer layer on top of the MoS 2 monolayer based field‐effect transistor, where this CQWs–MoS 2 structure allows for strong light absorption in CQWs in the operating spectral region and strong dipole‐to‐dipole coupling between MoS 2 and CQWs resulting in enhanced photoresponsivity of one order of magnitude (11‐fold) at maximum gate voltage ( V BG = 2 V) and two orders of magnitude (≈ 5 × 10 2 ) at V BG = −1.5 V, and tenfold enhanced specific detectivity. The illumination power‐dependent characterization of this hybrid device reveals that the thin layer of CQWs dominates the photogating mechanism compared to the photoconductivity effect on detection performance. Such hybrid designs hold great promise for 2D‐material based photodetectors to reach high performance and find use in optoelectronic applications.
In vitro 3D model and miRNA drug delivery to target calcific aortic valve disease (2017)

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in the Western population, claiming 17000 deaths per year in the United States and affecting 25% of people older than 65 years of age. Contrary to traditional belief, CAVD is not a passive, degenerative disease but rather a dynamic disease, where initial cellular changes in the valve leaflets progress into fibrotic lesions that induce valve thickening and calcification. Advanced thickening and calcification impair valve function and lead to aortic stenosis (AS). Without intervention, progressive ventricular hypertrophy ensues, which ultimately results in heart failure and death. Currently, aortic valve replacement (AVR), surgical or transcatheter, is the only effective therapy to treat CAVD. However, these costly interventions are often delayed until the late stages of the disease. Nonetheless, 275000 are performed per year worldwide, and this is expected to triple by 2050. Given the current landscape, next-generation therapies for CAVD are needed to improve patient outcome and quality of life. Here, we first provide a background on the aortic valve (AV) and the pathobiology of CAVD as well as highlight current directions and future outlook on the development of functional 3D models of CAVD in vitro We then consider an often-overlooked aspect contributing to CAVD: miRNA (mis)regulation. Therapeutics could potentially normalize miRNA levels in the early stages of the disease and may slow its progression or even reverse calcification. We close with a discussion of strategies that would enable the use of miRNA as a therapeutic for CAVD. This focuses on an overview of controlled delivery technologies for nucleic acid therapeutics to the valve or other target tissues.
Integrated Electro-Optic Isolator on Thin Film Lithium Niobate (2022)

Optical isolator is an indispensable component of almost any optical system and is used to protect a laser from unwanted reflections for phase-stable coherent operation. The development of chip-scale optical systems, powered by semiconductor lasers integrated on the same chip, has resulted in a need for a fully integrated optical isolator. However, conventional approaches based on application of magneto-optic materials to break the reciprocity and provide required isolation have significant challenges in terms of material processing and insertion loss. As a result, many magnetic-free approaches have been explored, including acousto-optics, optical nonlinearity, and electro-optics. However, to date, the realization of an integrated isolator with low insertion loss, high isolation ratio, broad bandwidth, and low power consumption on a monolithic material platform is still absent. Here we realize non-reciprocal traveling-wave EO-based isolator on thin-film LN, enabling maximum optical isolation of 48 dB and an on-chip insertion loss of 0.5 dB using a single-frequency microwave drive at 21-dBm RF power. The isolation ratio is verified to be larger than 37 dB across a tunable optical wavelength range from 1510 to 1630 nm. We verify that our hybrid DFB laser - LN isolator module successfully protects the single-mode operation and the linewidth of the DFB laser from reflection. Our result is a significant step towards a practical high-performance optical isolator on chip.