gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potassium‐Ion Storage in Cellulose‐Derived Hard Carbon: The Role of Functional Groups (2020)

Abstract Potassium‐ion storage is being explored by researchers for its advantages in forming graphite‐based intercalation compounds, with cost‐effective production compared to lithium‐ion systems. However, its poor performance in graphite‐based platforms, owing to the volume expansion required for intercalation, has demanded alternative materials for reversible potassiation. Herein, we demonstrate a simple one‐step pyrolysis approach to develop an amorphous hard carbon material from commercial cellulose for high‐performance potassium‐ion batteries (KIB). The larger interlayer spacing (∼0.4 nm) alongside the electronegative oxygen functional groups promotes potassium‐ion storage. High capacity, good rate and long cycling performance with lower‐volume expansion could be credited to the amorphous carbon that possesses turbostratic nanodomains. Further, oxygen functional groups on the carbon material are identified in our experimental studies, and density functional theory simulations indicate that these are likely to enhance the potassium‐ion capacity of the materials.
Compact 3-degrees of freedom absolute position sensor based on a CCD chip (2007)

In this paper, we present a new concept of 3 Degrees Of Freedom (3-DOF) sensors, which are capable of measuring the absolute position X-Y with a resolution less than 0.16&mu;m (defined here as 4&sigma; and &sigma; denotes the standard deviation) and the orientation &theta;<sub>z</sub> (over 360&deg;) with a resolution of 0.48'. The principle of this low-cost and small-size 3-DOF sensor relies on a target with a specific pattern that includes periodic absolute position information that can be used to enhance the position resolution by statistical analysis. Efficient image processing algorithms are applied to improve both the reliability and the resolution of the target positioning and are optimized in term of processing complexity (i.e., time of processing).
Two pathways differentially linking tau depositions, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss to apathetic phenotypes in progressive supranuclear palsy (2022)

Patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) frequently exhibit apathy but the neuropathological processes leading to this phenotype remain elusive. We aimed to examine the involvement of tau protein depositions, oxidative stress (OS), and neuronal loss in the apathetic manifestation of PSP. Twenty patients with PSP and twenty-three healthy controls were enrolled. Tau depositions and brain volumes were evaluated via positron-emission tomography (PET) using a specific probe, <sup>18</sup>F-PM-PBB3, and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Glutathione (GSH) levels in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices were quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Tau pathologies were observed in the subcortical and cortical structures of the patient brains. The angular gyrus exhibited a positive correlation between tau accumulations and apathy scale (AS). Although PSP cases did not show GSH level alterations compared with healthy controls, GSH levels in posterior cingulate cortex were correlated with AS and tau depositions in the angular gyrus. Marked atrophy was observed in subcortical areas, and gray matter volumes in the inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex were positively correlated with AS but showed no correlation with tau depositions and GSH levels. Path analysis highlighted synergistic contributions of tau pathologies and GSH reductions in the posterior cortex to AS, in parallel with associations of gray matter atrophy in the anterior cortex with AS. Apathetic phenotypes may arise from PET-visible tau aggregation and OS compromising the neural circuit resilience in the posterior cortex, along with neuronal loss, with neither PET-detectable tau pathologies nor OS in the anterior cortex.
Towards room-temperature performance for lithium-polymer batteries (2002)

Recent work on molecular simulations of the mechanisms of lithium ion conductance has pointed towards two types of limiting process. One has involved the commonly cited segmental motion while the other is related to energy barriers in the solvation shell of polymeric ether oxygens around the lithium ions. Calculations of the barriers to lithium ion migration have provided important indicators as to the best design of the polymer. The theoretical work has coincided with and guided some recent developments on polymer synthesis for lithium batteries. Structural change of the polymer solvation shell has been pursued by the introduction of trimethylene oxide (TMO) units into the polymer. The conductivity measurements on polymers containing TMO unit are encouraging. The architecture of the polymer networks has been varied upon which the solvating groups are attached and significant improvements in sub-ambient performance are observed as a result. However, the above-ambient temperature performance appears controlled by an Arrhenius process that is not completely consistent with the theoretical calculations described here and may indicate the operation of a different mechanism. The new polymers possess significantly lower Tg values in the presence of lithium salts, which indicates weaker binding of the lithium ions by the polymers. These properties provide considerable improvement in the transport properties close to the electrode surfaces resulting in decreased impedances at the surfaces both at lithium metal and in composite electrodes. The greater flexibility of the solvation groups combined with appropriate architecture not only has applications in lithium metal-polymer batteries but also in lithium ion liquid and gel systems as well as in fuel cell electrodes. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Decompression and Coflex Interlaminar Stabilization Compared With Decompression and Instrumented Spinal Fusion for Spinal Stenosis and Low-Grade Degenerative Spondylolisthesis (2013)

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NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity: Opposing Subsets Define a New Immunoregulatory Axis (2008)

Abstract NKT cells are true Ag-specific T cells that also have innate properties and form a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Distinct NKT cell subsets play positive and negative regulatory roles and define a new immunoregulatory axis with broad implications for tumor immunity and other immunological and disease settings.
Analysis of recombination occurring at SLP1 att sites (1988)

SLP1int is a conjugative Streptomyces coelicolor genetic element that can transfer to Streptomyces lividans and integrate site specifically into the genome of the new bacterial host. Recombination of SLP1 previously has been shown to occur within nearly identical 112-base-pair att sequences on the plasmid and host chromosome. We report here that both integrative recombination and intermolecular transfer of SLP1int require no more than a 48-base-pair segment of the att sequence and that SLP1 transfer occurs by a conservative rather than a replicative mechanism. The functions responsible for the excision of the element as a discrete DNA segment are induced during the conjugal transfer of SLP1.
Site-Specific Incorporation of the Mucin-Type N-Acetylgalactosamine-α-O-threonine into Protein in Escherichia coli (2004)

Glycosylation is a prevalent posttranslational process capable of augmenting and modulating protein function. Efficient synthesis of high-purity, homogeneous glycoproteins is essential for the study of unique protein glycoforms and for the manufacture of therapeutically relevant forms. A promising new strategy for controlled in vivo synthesis of glycoproteins was recently established using suppressor tRNA technology. Using an evolved tRNA aminoacyl synthetase-tRNA pair from Methanococcus jannaschii, the glycosyl amino acid, N-acetylglucosamine-beta-O-serine (GlcNAc-beta-Ser), was site-specifically introduced into proteins cotranslationally in Escherichia coli. Herein, we report the evolution of a new tRNA aminoacyl synthetase-tRNA pair that has expanded the repertoire of glycoproteins that can be expressed in E. coli to contain the other major O-linked glycan, N-acetylgalactosamine-alpha-O-threonine (GalNAc-a-Thr).
Robust Image Segmentation Applied to Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound Images of the Prostate (2012)

Prostate segmentation in trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) facilitates volume estimation, multi-modal image registration, surgical planing and image guided prostate biopsies. The objective of this thesis is to develop computationally efficient prostate segmentation algorithms in both TRUS and MRI image modalities. In this thesis we propose a probabilistic learning approach to achieve a soft classification of the prostate for automatic initialization and evolution of a deformable model for prostate segmentation. Two deformable models are developed for the TRUS segmentation. An explicit shape and region prior based deformable model and an implicit deformable model guided by an energy minimization framework. Besides, in MRI, the posterior probabilities are fused with the soft segmentation coming from an atlas segmentation and a graph cut based energy minimization achieves the final segmentation. In both image modalities, statistically significant improvement are achieved compared to current works in the literature.
Development and evaluation of emerging design patterns for ubiquitous computing (2004)

Design patterns are a format for capturing and sharing design knowledge. In this paper, we look at a new domain for design patterns, namely ubiquitous computing. The overall goal of this work is to aid practice by speeding up the diffusion of new interaction techniques and evaluation results from researchers, presenting the information in a form more usable to practicing designers. Towards this end, we have developed an initial and emerging pattern language for ubiquitous computing, consisting of 45 pre-patterns describing application genres, physical-virtual spaces, interaction and systems techniques for managing privacy, and techniques for fluid interactions. We evaluated the effectiveness of our pre-patterns with 16 pairs of designers in helping them design location-enhanced applications. We observed that our pre-patterns helped new and experienced designers unfamiliar with ubiquitous computing in generating and communicating ideas, and in avoiding design problems early in the design process.
Removing TCP congestion control on the last hop in split TCP environments (2016)

The poor performance of TCP in wireless networks is a well-known problem, and a large amount of research effort has been devoted to it. However, our own experiments show that existing solutions including split TCP and recently developed congestion control algorithms still suffer significant performance degradation in lossy environments, leaving considerable room for improvement. Rather than developing a more sophisticated congestion control algorithm, we explore a radically different approach: we instead propose to completely remove congestion control between the Wi-Fi access points and the wireless receivers. We introduce TCP Fixed, a TCP used in split TCP environments that eliminates congestion control for the last lossy hop, allowing TCP to send data as fast as the channel allows. Extensive evaluations in both lab and real-world settings demonstrate that our approach significantly improves TCP performance in the presence of packet losses. In addition, our results indicate that existing 802.11 rate adaptation schemes which strive to minimize frame loss unnecessarily decrease the data rate in the presence of TCP Fixed. These results offer new opportunities for future link-layer rate adaptation designs.
Multi-peptide cancer vaccines for clinical application (2014)

Abstract While the first therapeutic cancer vaccines were largely based on autologous tumor material and contained multiple but uncharacterized tumor antigens, the discovery of HLA-restricted peptides by Rammensee et al. in the early 1990s led to the design of molecularly defined vaccines with known characteristics and the capability to specifically monitor the induced biological response. As the knowledge on tumor-associated antigens and their T-cell epitopes increased, current vaccine strategies are moving increasingly towards multi-epitope formulations able to induce broad immune responses against tumor cells. For this approach, vaccines composed of multiple HLA-restricted peptides are most widely used in clinical trials. This chapter describes the development of multi-peptide cancer vaccines with focus on vaccine design, clinical application and immunomonitoring. Furthermore, three novel multi-peptide vaccines developed by our group for treatment of renal cell cancer (IMA901), colorectal cancer (IMA910), and glioma (IMA950) currently in phase I to III clinical trials are introduced and an outlook to the possible future of patient-tailored vaccines is provided.
79GHz Push-Push Oscillators in 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS Technology (2008)

This paper describes VCO designs based on varactor tuned Push-Push architecture. Two versions (powered under 1.2V and 1.8V) of the 79GHz oscillators have been designed in a 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS technology, thus targeting automotive Radar and millimeter-wave applications. Their tuning ranges are respectively set on 6GHz (7.6%) and 7GHz (8.8%). The oscillator cores solely consume 18mW and 30mW, and both achieve low phase noise characteristics -102dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from the carrier frequency (80GHz) and output powers of 18dBm and 0dBm respectively.
Clinical Trials in Protein Kinase C-β Inhibition in Diabetic Retinopathy (2008)

Protein kinase C (PKC) activation plays a key role in the development of microvascular complications in diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy. Vision loss in patients with diabetes stems from the development of ocular complications that include diabetic macular edema (DME), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Even with timely intervention, a large number of patients lose vision from diabetic eye disease each year, necessitating an ongoing effort toward exploring new and more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Clinical trials of PKC inhibition for diabetic retinopathy have focused largely on the oral PKC-β inhibitor, ruboxistaurin (RBX). Preclinical studies of RBX in animal models demonstrated amelioration of diabetes-induced abnormalities in retinal circulation, vascular permeability, and leukocyte adhesion. Subsequent clinical studies, consisting of multiple multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have consistently demonstrated that RBX reduces long-term visual loss, increases visual gain, slows progression of diabetic macular edema, and reduces the need for initial macular laser photocoagulation in patients with advanced nonproliferative DR (NPDR). However, RBX does not halt the progression of diabetic retinopathy. RBX has been well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile. Additional studies with this drug are currently ongoing to provide additional supporting data on its beneficial effects in diabetic macular edema and vision loss.
Selective Intermolecular Photo-[4 + 4]-cycloaddition with 2-Pyridone Mixtures. 3. Synthetic Transformations of the Trans Cross-Product (1α,2β,5β,6α)-3-Butyl-9- methoxy-3,7-diazatricyclo[4.2.2.22,5]dodeca-9,11-diene-4,8-dione (1999)

Transformations of the tricyclic product 3 derived from [4 + 4] photocycloaddition of N-butyl-2-pyridone with 4-methoxy-2-pyridone has demonstrated, for the first time, facile opening of the secondary lactam after activation of the amide nitrogen with a tert-butyl carboxylate (Boc) group. Methanolysis and lithium borohydride reduction both result in opening of the amide group under very mild conditions to give 21 and 24, respectively. Concomitant reduction of a ketone derived from hydrolysis of the enol ether sets an additional stereogenic center in 24 with complete stereogenic control. These reactions illustrate the synthetic potential of the 2-pyridone photocycloaddition products, generating a cyclooctene as a single isomer, with functionality at seven carbons and five stereogenic centers.
Interoperability of Assembly Analysis Applications Through the Use of the Open Assembly Design Environment (1998)

Abstract The emergence of high performance computing has opened up new avenues for the design and analysis community. Integrated Product/Process Design techniques are allowing multi-functional teams to simultaneously optimize the design of a product. These techniques can be inhibited, however, due to software integration and data exchange issues. The work outlined in this paper focuses on these issues as they relate to the design and analysis of electro-mechanical assemblies. The first effort of this work is the creation of an open environment, called the Open Assembly Design Environment. The goal of this environment is to integrate the otherwise disparate assembly design tools using a central control system and a common set of data. These design tools include virtual reality based design systems, computer-aided design systems, design for assembly systems and process planning systems. This paper outlines the overall goals of the project, presents the architecture designed for the system, describes the interfaces developed to integrate the systems, and discusses the data representation requirements for a system integrating a virtual reality system with computer-aided design systems.
Prediction without loss in multi-armed bandit problems (2010)

Consider a sequence of bits where we are trying to predict the next bit from the previous bits. Assume we are allowed to say 'predict 0' or 'predict 1', and our payoff is +1 if the prediction is correct and -1 otherwise. We will say that at each point in time the loss of an algorithm is the number of wrong predictions minus the number of right predictions so far. In this paper we are interested in algorithms that have essentially zero (expected) loss over any string at any point in time and yet have small regret with respect to always predicting 0 or always predicting 1. For a sequence of length $T$ our algorithm has regret $14\epsilon T $ and loss $2\sqrt{T}e^{-\epsilon^2 T} $ in expectation for all strings. We show that the tradeoff between loss and regret is optimal up to constant factors. Our techniques extend to the general setting of $N$ experts, where the related problem of trading off regret to the best expert for regret to the `special' expert has been studied by Even-Dar et al. (COLT'07). We obtain essentially zero loss with respect to the special expert and optimal loss/regret tradeoff, improving upon the results of Even-Dar et al and settling the main question left open in their paper. The strong loss bounds of the algorithm have some surprising consequences. A simple iterative application of our algorithm gives essentially optimal regret bounds at multiple time scales, bounds with respect to $k$-shifting optima as well as regret bounds with respect to higher norms of the input sequence.
Developing Evidence-Based Standards: A Case Study in Knowledge Translation (2014)

In the U.S. the technical criteria in a voluntary building standard called ICC/ANSI A117.1. are the basis for minimum building regulations that accommodate wheeled mobility users. Research conducted in 1970's was the basis for these criteria but since that time, wheelchairs and their users have changed considerably. This paper describes a research and development project designed to update the evidence for these technical criteria and communicate them to the standards committee, the majority of whom do not have a background in either research or building design practice, in a manner that would facilitate making good decisions. A graphic method was used to communicate research findings so that members of the committee could understand the impact of their decisions. The graphics are now available to practitioners who seek to accommodate a wider range of wheeled mobility users than the minimum standards required by regulations. Thus these tools provide a visual evidence base for regulatory activity and universal design practice with higher ambitions.
Optimization of the hybrid silicon photonic integrated circuit platform (2013)

In the hybrid silicon platform, active III/V based components are integrated on a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit by means of wafer bonding. This is done in a self-aligned back-end process at low temperatures, making it compatible with CMOS-based silicon processing. This approach allows for low cost, high volume, high quality and reproducible chip fabrication. Such features make the hybrid silicon platform an attractive technology for applications like optical interconnects, microwave photonics and sensors operating at wavelengths around 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm. For these applications energy efficient operation is a key parameter. In this paper we present our efforts to bring the III/V components in the hybrid silicon platform, such as lasers and optical amplifiers, on par with the far more mature monolithic InP-based integration technology. We present our development work to increase hybrid silicon laser and amplifier wall-plug efficiency. This is done by careful optimization of III/V mesa geometry and guiding silicon waveguide width. We also discuss current injection efficiency and thermal performance. Furthermore we show the characterization of the low-loss and low-reflection mode converters that couple the hybrid III/V components to silicon waveguides. Reflections below -41 dB and passive loss of 0.3 dB per converter were obtained.
Total Phenolic Contents and Phenolic Acid Constituents in 4 Varieties of Bitter Melons ( Momordica charantia ) and Antioxidant Activities of their Extracts (2005)

ABSTRACT: Four varieties of bitter melon ( Momordica charantia ), India green (IG), India white (IW), China green (CG), and China white (CW) were analyzed for total phenolics, phenolic acid constituents, and antioxidant activities of their methanolic extracts. Phenolic contents of the oven‐dried and freeze‐dried tissues ranged from 5.39 to 8.94 and 4.64 to 8.90 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/g on dry weight basis, respectively. Phenolic contents of bitter melon seed, inner tissues, and flesh ranged from 4.67 to 8.02, 4.64 to 8.94, and 5.36 to 8.90 mg CAE/g, respectively. The total phenolic contents of IG, IW, CG, and CW were 4.64 to 6.84, 6.03 to 8.94, 5.39 to 7.81, and 6.07 to 8.90 mg CAE/g, respectively. The main phenolic acids in flesh were gallic acid, gentisic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin, which ranged from 8.04 to 39.76, 16.99 to 32.39, 23.06 to 82.45, 4.55 to 15.83, and 16.14 to 44.28 mg/100 g on dry weight basis, respectively, while in inner tissues were gallic acid, gentisic acid, catechin, and epicatechin, which ranged from 2.57 to 18.05, 5.39 to 32.61, 13.54 to 39.74, and 2.96 to 40.91 mg/100 g, respectively. The main phenolic acids contained in seeds were gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin, which ranged from 4.61 to 18.9, 13.2 to 57.61, and 6.00 to 40.08 mg/100 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activities of the extracts among varieties ( P = 0.2556) and between drying methods ( P = 0.1444). The antioxidant activities of flesh, inner tissue, and seed ranged from 81.7% to 86.5%, 78.8% to 88.4%, and 78.5% to 85.4% inhibition, respectively. Bitter melon is a rich source of phenolic compounds. These natural plant phenolics can be a good source of antioxidants for application in food system.