gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional Models for Shared Decision Making: The Role of the Health Care Chaplain (2018)

Shared decision making (SDM) is a central component of patient-centered care; however, a minimal amount is known about what health care chaplains contribute to this process. Data from 463 full-time chaplains practicing in the United States collected by an online survey was analyzed using SPSS 26 for bivariate and multivariate logistical regressions to identify variables impacting chaplain integration into SDM. Coding of free text responses yielded multiple domains for chaplain contributions and barriers. Thirty-eight percent of chaplains reported being often or frequently integrated into health care team discussions regarding medical decisions, with years of professional experience, time spent supporting the emotional processing of medical decisions, and being well-prepared as the strongest predictors for high integration. Qualitative analysis yielded a multifaceted picture that includes chaplain attention to the impact religion has on decision making, a focus on the patient story, and chaplains as mediators between patients, families, and the health care team. The full integration of chaplains into SDM will require education of the interdisciplinary team regarding the scope of chaplain knowledge and skills, as well as organizational level changes in chaplain to patient ratios and coverage models. In this era of increased fragmentation of health care provision and advancing complexity of medical decision making, models of Interprofessional Shared Decision Making (IP-SDM) such as the one proposed here that appreciate the specialized knowledge and skills of each member of the health care team hold promise for enhancing patient-centered care.
Multi-Numerology Multiplexing and Inter-Numerology Interference Analysis\n for 5G (2019)

Fifth generation (5G) radio access technology (RAT) is expected to flexibly\nserve multiple services with extremely diverse requirements. One of the steps\ntaken toward fulfilling this vision of the 5G-RAT is an introduction of the\nmulti-numerology concept, where multiple frame structures with different\nsubcarrier spacings coexist in one frequency band. Though efficient in\nproviding the required flexibility, this approach introduces a new kind of\ninterference into the system known as inter numerology interference (INI). This\nstudy is geared toward analyzing the INI problem considering a cyclic prefix\northogonal frequency domain multiplexing (CP-OFDM) system and exposing the\nfactors contributing to it through mathematical analyses. In-depth discussion\nof various critical issues concerning multi-numerology system such as frequency\ndomain multiplexing and time domain symbol alignment for mixed numerologies is\npresented. Based on the findings of the conducted analyses, the paper\nhighlights some approaches for minimizing INI in the system. The developed\nmathematical analysis is finally verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.\n
Super-resolution spectroscopy by compact representation (2012)

We demonstrate experimentally reconstruction of spectra at resolution higher than the fundamental time-frequency-bandwidth limit of the spectrometer. Knowing that the spectrum has compact representation enables retrieving data that is otherwise lost.
The non-coding RNA TERRA is a natural ligand and direct inhibitor of human telomerase (2010)

Telomeres, the physical ends of eukaryotes chromosomes are transcribed into telomeric repeat containing RNA (TERRA), a large non-coding RNA of unknown function, which forms an integral part of telomeric heterochromatin. TERRA molecules resemble in sequence the telomeric DNA substrate as they contain 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats near their 3'-end which are complementary to the template sequence of telomerase RNA. Here we demonstrate that endogenous TERRA is bound to human telomerase in cell extracts. Using in vitro reconstituted telomerase and synthetic TERRA molecules we demonstrate that the 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats of TERRA base pair with the RNA template of the telomerase RNA moiety (TR). In addition TERRA contacts the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein subunit independently of hTR. In vitro studies further demonstrate that TERRA is not used as a telomerase substrate. Instead, TERRA acts as a potent competitive inhibitor for telomeric DNA in addition to exerting an uncompetitive mode of inhibition. Our data identify TERRA as a telomerase ligand and natural direct inhibitor of human telomerase. Telomerase regulation by the telomere substrate may be mediated via its transcription.
Data from Lung Cancer Biomarkers: FISHing in the Sputum for Risk Assessment and Early Detection (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;This perspective on Varella-Garcia et al. (beginning on p. 447 in this issue of the journal) discusses the role of sputum-based biomarkers in the risk assessment and early detection of lung cancer. The importance of the detection of sputum epithelial chromosomal aneusomy by fluorescence &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization (FISH) as a potential risk or early-detection biomarker is discussed in the context of other biomarkers and models in lung carcinogenesis. The presently reported findings on FISH in sputum cells are an important contribution worthy of further investigation in defined clinical settings. Cancer Prev Res; 3(4); 420–3. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane-Derived Telechelic Macromonomer Cross-Linkable Stabilizer (TMCS) (2005)

The telechelic macromonomer cross-linkable stabilizer (TMCS) was synthesized by the reaction of isocyanate-terminated prepolymer with methacrylamide and was successfully employed as a steric stabilizer and possible cross-linking agent in the dispersion polymerization of styrene. The urethane and methyl groups in TMCS are found in the spectrum of PS microspheres, and the reactive double bonds in TMCS disappear after polymerization with styrene. The qualitative analysis reveals that the symmetric molecular structure with vinyl group in TMCS takes part in the reaction with styrene, and it is proposed that the PS microspheres are substantially cross-linked. In reality, for the 100 wt % TMCS system, the PS is not totally soluble in THF, remaining as a translucent fully-swollen gel in THF. Thus, these qualitative structural investigations suggest that the TMCS serves as a reactive stabilizer as well as a cross-linking agent.
Inhibitory Effect of Estrogens on GCDFP-15 mRNA Levels and Secretion in ZR-75-1 Human Breast Cancer Cells (1989)

In order to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the antagonism between steroids in human breast cancer cells, we have studied the effect of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and dexamethasone (DEX) alone or in combination on the expression of the breast gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) in ZR-75-1 cells. Incubation with E2 markedly decreased basal GCDFP-15 mRNA levels accompanied by a parallel inhibition of the secretion of this tumor marker, the estrogenic effect being exerted at a half-maximal concentration of about 44 pM E2. The inhibitory effect of E2 on GCDFP-15 expression was competitively reversed by the antiestrogen LY156758. In addition, 1 nM E2 inhibited the marked stimulation induced by 1 nM DHT or 300 nM DEX on GCDFP-15 mRNA accumulation and on the secretion of the glycoprotein. However, at the concentration used, E2 reversed by only 65% the stimulation achieved by the combination of DHT and DEX on GCDFP-15 mRNA levels. It is of interest to mention that the effect of DHT, DEX, and E2 on GCDFP-15 expression is opposite to the respective effect of each steroid on ZR-75-1 cell proliferation. The present data on the regulation of GCDFP-15 mRNA demonstrate an estrogen-induced inhibition of mRNA levels under physiological conditions, thus offering a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms involved in the down-regulation of gene expression by estrogens and to achieve a better understanding of the antagonism between estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and progestins in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, GCDFP-15 could well be a good marker for monitoring the response to androgens and antiestrogens during the course of breast cancer therapy.
Deep Impact of Random Amplification and Library Construction Methods on Viral Metagenomics Results (2021)

Clinical metagenomics is a broad-range agnostic detection method of pathogens, including novel microorganisms. A major limit is the low pathogen load compared to the high background of host nucleic acids. To overcome this issue, several solutions exist, such as applying a very high depth of sequencing, or performing a relative enrichment of viral genomes associated with capsids. At the end, the quantity of total nucleic acids is often below the concentrations recommended by the manufacturers of library kits, which necessitates to random amplify nucleic acids. Using a pool of 26 viruses representative of viral diversity, we observed a deep impact of the nature of sample (total nucleic acids versus RNA only), the reverse transcription, the random amplification and library construction method on virus recovery. We further optimized the two most promising methods and assessed their performance with fully characterized reference virus stocks. Good genome coverage and limit of detection lower than 100 or 1000 genome copies per mL of plasma, depending on the genome viral type, were obtained from a three million reads dataset. Our study reveals that optimized random amplification is a technique of choice when insufficient amounts of nucleic acid are available for direct libraries constructions.
Reduction of Aliphatic and Aromatic Cyclic Ketones tosec-Alcohols by Aqueous Titanium Trichloride/Ammonia System. Steric Course and Mechanistic Implications (2001)

In contrast to the dissolved metal and metal hydride reductions, the reduction of cyclic ketones by the aqueous TiCl3/NH3 system favours the formation of the less thermodynamically stable axial alcohol. The ammonium ion formed in situ is essential for the reduction to proceed because it behaves as a mild Brønsted acid in basic medium and favours the protonation of the intermediate ketyl. The corresponding α-hydroxy radical is then rapidly reduced under conditions where the first electron transfer to the substrate takes place. We suggest that the stereoselectivity is determined by the second reduction step, which occurs through the less hindered transition state, regardless of whether the radical to be reduced is thermodynamically favoured or not.
Cybernetic Lenses for Designing and Living in a Complex World (2022)

Cybernetics has an exciting history that profoundly influenced HCI theory and practice. However, today, designers, engineers, and researchers are often unaware of how to engage with this powerful approach to inform technology design. We believe a cybernetic lens is vital to investigating and designing technologies for today's complex environments. In this in person, half-day workshop called "Cybernetic Lenses for Designing and Living in a Complex World", we present three cybernetic lenses demonstrated in two case studies: "From mundane objects to systems - asking better questions for technology design", and "Transportation networks, from human-computer interaction to socio-cultural consequences". Our goal is to offer an inclusive environment to provide theory and practical exercises for participants to gain and incorporate a cybernetics lens into their practice.
Simulation of accelerated electron spectra in laser wakefield accelerators (2004)

The generation of high quality electron beams in a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) is generally thought to require phased injection of an ultrashort electron bunch. However, simulations have shown that longer bunch, unphased injection may also produce high quality, short electron bunches if the injection energy is property chosen. The process involves pruning of electrons that move into defocusing portions of the wakefield, along with strong phase bunching and rapid acceleration. Simulation results are consistent with a simple Hamiltonian model that numerically integrates particle orbits in an idealized wake potential. Simulations are also presented for a channel-guided LWFA system using optical injection.
Three-dimensional mems photonic cross-connect switch design and performance (2003)

Photonic cross-connects (PXC) play a key role in all-optical transparent networks. In this paper, the optical design and modeling of a three-dimensional microelectromechanical system (3-D MEMS) based optical switch are discussed. Basic design rules and considerations are reviewed and used to determine the optimum configuration for free-space optical switches with more than 300 ports. The optical performance of a 256 × 256 PXC system, including a 347 × 347 nonblocking core switch and auxiliary 2 × 2 optical switches for 1:1 protection and optical taps for power monitoring, is presented. The core switch has 1.4-dB median insertion loss, 1.5-dB wavelength dependent loss across a broadband of 1260-1625 nm, and a typical polarization dependent loss of 0.1 dB. Environmental tests including temperature and vibration are described.
Experimental sensitivity study of inductive phase shift spectroscopy as non-invasive method for hypoperfusion vs bleeding volumetric detection in brain (2008)

Hypoperfusion and bleeding in brain are medical conditions that involve a decrease and an increase of the relative amount of blood in tissue respectively. Both pathologies result in brain edema. This study evaluates experimentally the sensitivity of an induction based non-invasive technique for detection of changes of fluid volume through phase shift measurements as a possible method to distinguish brain hypoperfusion and bleeding process by volumetric monitoring. An induction coil-spherical head model was build and tested. The model involves two different diameter coils coaxially centered on a two-compartment glass sphere head model centrally placed with respect to the coils. Fluid volumes of physiological saline in 1 ml decrement and increments were used to simulate different hypoperfusion and bleeding levels respectively. Inductive phase shift measurements were measured in a whole bandwidth (1 kHz-1 GHz) by an experimental inductive spectrometer. The results show significant phase shift increase as a function of frequency and fluid volume in both pathologies simulated. At certain frequencies the hypoperfusion and bleeding phase shifts increase run in opposite ways. The experiments suggest that the tested technique has the potential to distinguish the processes of hypoperfusion and bleeding in brain by non-invasive, continuous and volumetric monitoring.
O-band Silicon Photonics 8×8 Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR) for 1.6 Tb/s On-chip Routing (2018)

We present an 8×8 silicon photonics AWGR with 10 nm channel spacing for O-band cyclic-routing operation. Successful transmission at 25 Gb/s is demonstrated for all 8×8 AWGR channel combinations with a maximum power penalty of 0.82 dB.
Near-Field Recording with a 266 nm Laser for Disc Mastering Process (2003)

A near-field mastering process was realized with a 266 nm laser and a solid immersion lens (SIL) of 1.35 numerical aperture (NA). The air gap was detected with a 532 nm laser and it was servo-controlled at about 100 nm by driving the SIL with an air-suspended pad and a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) actuator. A residual fluctuation of the air gap was constrained within 10 nmPP. For a rear converging lens, one of the molded lenses with a wave front error (WFE) of below 70 mλrms was selected. It was assembled with a supersphere SIL of about 10 mλrms WFE. As a result of read-only memory (ROM) recording in a density corresponding to 40 gigabytes (GB) in compact disc (CD) size, a clear pit pattern was fabricated. As for 25 GB ROM recording, acceptable signal quality was obtained.
Cluster dynamics for fully frustrated systems (1990)

We present a novel cluster algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations of the fully frustrated Ising model on the square lattice. The new method does not suffer from problems of metastability, and is extremely efficient even at T=0. Our algorithm is a special case of a more general Monte Carlo simulation scheme. The general scheme unifies many cluster algorithms that were developed recently in order to accelerate Monte Carlo simulations.
vif-negative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 persistently replicates in primary macrophages, producing attenuated progeny virus (1996)

The vif gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is required for efficient infection of primary T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated in detail the role of vif in productive infection of primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Viruses carrying missense or deletion mutations in vif were constructed on the background of the monocytotropic recombinant NLHXADA-GP. Using MDM from multiple donors, we found that vif mutants produced in complementing or partially complementing cell lines were approximately 10% as infectious as wild-type virus when assayed for incomplete, complete, and circularized viral DNA molecules by quantitative PCR amplification or for viral core antigen p24 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We then determined the structure and infectivity of vif mutant HIV-1 by using MDM exclusively both for virus production and as targets for infection. Biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation analysis of sucrose cushion-purified vif-negative HIV-1 made in MDM revealed that the virus had reduced p24 content compared with wild-type HIV-1. Cell-free MDM-derived vif mutant HIV-1 was infectious in macrophages as determined by the synthesis and maintenance of full-length viral DNA and by the produc- tion of particle-associated viral RNA, but its infectivity was approximately 2,500-fold lower than that of wild-type virus whose titer was determined in parallel by measurement of the viral DNA burden. MDM infected with MDM-derived vif-negative HIV-1 were able to transmit the virus to uninfected MDM by cocultivation, confirming the infectiousness of this virus. We conclude that mutations in vif significantly reduce but do not eliminate the capacity of HIV-1 to replicate and produce infectious progeny virus in primary human macrophages.
Integration of needle-free jet injection with advanced electroporation delivery enhances the magnitude, kinetics, and persistence of engineered DNA vaccine induced immune responses (2019)

The combination of optimized DNA constructs, improved formulations and advanced in vivo electroporation (EP) has been shown to generate potent and efficacious immune responses in the clinic. Needle-free jet injection has also been reported to improve DNA vaccine delivery over standard needle and syringe in clinical trials. Here we investigated the impact of combined jet injection and EP (Jet-EP) delivery on muscle transfection efficiency and DNA vaccine immunogenicity in rabbits and nonhuman primates (NHPs) compared to jet injection alone. Our results show that the addition of EP significantly enhanced in vivo DNA transfection efficiency of rabbit muscle over jet injection alone. Jet-EP delivery augmented the rate and magnitude of DNA vaccine induced humoral and cellular responses over jet injection alone in both rabbits and NHPs. Jet-EP delivery also resulted in higher proportions of polyfunctional antigen specific T cells producing IFNγ, IL-2, and/or TNFα. Elevated antibody levels were sustained nine months post immunization in NHPs immunized with a DNA vaccine using Jet-EP delivery, far outperforming jet delivery alone. Our results provide proof-of-concept that addition of advanced EP to needle-free jet injection delivery improves in vivo DNA transfection efficiency, increasing the magnitude, rate and duration of cellular and humoral immune responses to DNA vaccines. This combination likely has significant advantages in important vaccine and immunotherapy settings.
Ranking explanatory sentences for opinion summarization (2013)

We introduce a novel sentence ranking problem called explanatory sentence extraction (ESE) which aims to rank sentences in opinionated text based on their usefulness for helping users understand the detailed reasons of sentiments (i.e., "explanatoriness"). We propose and study several general methods for scoring the explanatoriness of a sentence. We create new data sets and propose a new measure for evaluation. Experiment results show that the proposed methods are effective, outperforming a state of the art sentence ranking method for standard text summarization.
Interconnection Technology Innovations in 2.5D Integrated Electronic Systems (2019)

Vertical interconnections, called through-silicon vias (TSVs), play a key role in enabling silicon interposer-based 2.5D integration (and 3D chip stacking). HIST 2.5D integration forms concatenated ICs using heterogeneous IP blocks (from multiple foundries) enabled by a combination of 2.5D integration and face-to-face 3D integration technologies. This chapter first discusses silicon interposer TSV technologies with improved thermomechanical and high frequency electrical properties. To reduce TSV stresses and electrical losses, polymer-enhanced TSVs are used. The polymer-enhanced TSVs described here include polymer-clad TSVs (which feature thick polymer liners) and polymer-embedded vias (which feature an array of copper vias formed within a polymer well). Then, the chapter describes the HIST approach in more detail and share key features, by proposing an alternate TSV-less heterogeneous integration technology. For forming concatenated ICs using heterogeneous IP blocks, a combination of solder bumps and mechanically elastic and fine-pitch CMIs is utilized to robustly assemble the ICs.