gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized Deep Image to Image Regression (2017)

We present a Deep Convolutional Neural Network architecture which serves as a generic image-to-image regressor that can be trained end-to-end without any further machinery. Our proposed architecture, the Recursively Branched Deconvolutional Network (RBDN), develops a cheap multi-context image representation very early on using an efficient recursive branching scheme with extensive parameter sharing and learnable upsampling. This multi-context representation is subjected to a highly non-linear locality preserving transformation by the remainder of our network comprising of a series of convolutions/deconvolutions without any spatial downsampling. The RBDN architecture is fully convolutional and can handle variable sized images during inference. We provide qualitative/quantitative results on 3 diverse tasks: relighting, denoising and colorization and show that our proposed RBDN architecture obtains comparable results to the state-of-the-art on each of these tasks when used off-the-shelf without any post processing or task-specific architectural modifications.
Effect of Residual Stress on Hydrogen Embrittlement at Sheared Edge (2023)

The residual stresses at a circular punched end face in tempered martensitic high-strength steel sheets were investigated using triaxial stress analysis via X-ray diffraction. The maximum principal stress and its direction were calculated from the measured nine stress components. The relationship between the directions of the maximum principal stress and hydrogen cracks was verified by generating hydrogen cracks on the punched end face in the same specimen using cathodic hydrogen charging. The direction of the cracks was perpendicular to that of the maximum principal stress. This result indicates that hydrogen embrittlement at the sheared end face is caused by the maximum principal stress. Moreover, the distribution of the residual stresses toward the thickness direction and the relationship between residual stresses and tensile strength of the specimens were investigated. The maximum principal stress on the punch side was lower than that on the dice side. Unlike the maximum principal stresses, the normal stresses did not increase monotonically with the tensile strength of the specimens. Therefore, it was concluded that investigating the maximum principal stress at any area between the dice side and a line located midway from the end face and dice side is crucial for considering the hydrogen embrittlement criteria.
63.5L: Late‐News Paper : Planar‐Waveguide Green Laser for Laser TV (2008)

Abstract We have newly developed an ultra‐compact, highly efficient and high‐power green laser for a light source of laser TV. A planar‐waveguide configuration improves performance of solid‐state green laser dramatically. The laser consists of essential minimum three devices (a pump LD, a planar‐waveguide Nd:YVO 4 and a planar‐waveguide PPMgLN). Output green peak power of 11.4‐W with the corresponding electrical efficiency of 21% is demonstrated. In addition, temperature insensitive features are also proved. The size of developed laser module is as small as 5cc. We believe this laser is the most suitable green laser light source for laser TV at present.
Evaluation of Industrially Applied Heat‐Transfer Fluids as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Systems (2013)

Liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems offer a very attractive method for the decentralized storage of renewable excess energy. In this contribution, industrially well-established heat-transfer oils (typically sold under trade names, e.g., Marlotherm) are proposed as a new class of LOHC systems. It is demonstrated that the liquid mixture of isomeric dibenzyltoluenes (m.p. -39 to -34 °C, b.p. 390 °C) can be readily hydrogenated to the corresponding mixture of perhydrogenated analogues by binding 6.2 wt% of H2. The liquid H2 -rich form can be stored and transported similarly to diesel fuel. It readily undergoes catalytic dehydrogenation at temperatures above 260 °C, which proves its applicability as a reversible H2 carrier. The presented LOHC systems are further characterized by their excellent technical availability at comparably low prices, full registration of the H2 -lean forms, and excellent thermal stabilities.
Reliability study of Carbon Nanotube memory after various cycling conditions (2016)

Carbon Nanotube (CNT) memory has a simple structure, low voltage, low current, and fast switching mechanism, and endurance up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cycles has been demonstrated [1]. In order to optimize set and reset algorithms and understand the mechanisms of CNT reliability, this work studies the CNT after 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> endurance cycles for different combinations of set and reset endurance voltages. It is confirmed that set and reset cycling voltages affect the count and ratio of set and reset errors after 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> . Based on measurement of a 6Mb test chip, the endurance condition in which the set voltage is lower than the reset voltage, gives the best cycling.
One-Step Preparation of [18F]FPBM for PET Imaging of Serotonin Transporter (SERT) in the Brain (2016)

1807 Objectives Serotonin transporters (SERT) in the brain play an important role in normal brain function. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine and Escitalopram etc., specifically target the SERT in the brain. Development of SERT imaging agents may be useful for studying the function of SERT by in vivo imaging. Methods Previously, 2-(2’-((dimethylamino)-methyl)-4’-(3-([18F]fluoropropoxy)-phenylthio)benzeneamine, ([18F]FPBM [18F]1) was reported for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of serotonin transporter (SERT) in the brain. It displayed an excellent selectivity and high binding affinity to SERT (Ki = 0.38 nM). A convenient one-step preparation of [18F]FPBM was achieved. An active OTs intermediate, 9, was reacted with [18F]F-/K222 to give [18F]FPBM, 1, in one step. This labeling reaction was evaluated under different temperatures, using different base, solvent and varying amounts of precursor 9. Results The new radiolabeling reaction led to the desired [18F]FPBM, 1. After a HPLC purification no-carrier-added [18F]FPBM, 1, was obtained (radiochemical yield, 17-23%, no decay correction). PET imaging studies in normal monkeys (n = 4) showed excellent uptake in the midbrain and thalamus, regions of the brain known to be rich in SERT binding sites. Chasing experiments with escitalopram (iv, 5 mg/kg) in one monkey at 30 min after iv injection showed a rapid and complete reversal of SERT binding, suggesting that binding by [18F]FPBM, 1, was highly specific and reversible. Conclusions An one-step radiolabeling method coupled with a HPLC purification for preparation of [18F]FPBM, 1, was developed. Brain imaging studies in monkeys suggest that it is feasible to use this method to prepare [18F]FPBM, 1, for in vivo PET imaging of SERT binding in the brain.
Isochoric Supercooling Organ Preservation System (2023)

This technical paper introduces a novel organ preservation system based on isochoric (constant volume) supercooling. The system is designed to enhance the stability of the metastable supercooling state, offering potential long-term preservation of large biological organs at subfreezing temperatures without the need for cryoprotectant additives. Detailed technical designs and usage protocols are provided for researchers interested in exploring this field. The paper also presents a control system based on the thermodynamics of isochoric freezing, utilizing pressure monitoring for process control. Sham experiments were performed using whole pig liver sourced from a local food supplier to evaluate the system's ability to sustain supercooling without ice nucleation for extended periods. The results demonstrated sustained supercooling without ice nucleation in pig liver tissue for 24 and 48 h. These findings suggest the potential of this technology for large-volume, cryoprotectant-free organ preservation with real-time control over the preservation process. The simplicity of the isochoric supercooling device and the design details provided in the paper are expected to serve as encouragement for other researchers in the field to pursue further research on isochoric supercooling. However, final evidence that these preserved organs can be successfully transplanted is still lacking.
vCRIB: virtualized rule management in the cloud (2012)

Cloud operators increasingly need many fine-grained rules to better control individual network flows for var-ious management tasks. While previous approaches have advocated placing rules either on hypervisors or switches, we argue that future data centers would benefit from leveraging rule processing capabilities at both for better scalability and performance. In this paper, we pro-pose vCRIB, a virtualized Cloud Rule Information Base that allows operators to freely define different manage-ment policies without the need to consider underlying resource constraints. The challenge in our approach is the design of a vCRIB manager that automatically par-titions and places rules at both hypervisors and switches to achieve a good trade-off between resource usage and performance. 1
Analysis and measurement of the modal-noise probability distribution for a step-index optical fiber (1980)

With a sufficiently narrow source spectrum, and either fiber movement or source frequency shift, a changing speckle pattern exists at a multimode-fiber output plane that results in modal noise. Daino and co-workers [Electron. Lett. 15, 755 (1979)] have obtained the noise probability density function (PDF) for a fiber of arbitrary refractive-index profile in the limiting cases in which the number of speckles seen by the detector is either very small or very large. We show that, in the special case of a step-index fiber, the PDF is a gamma distribution of argument M′, where M′ is the number of degrees of freedom in the speckle pattern. We report measurements of the PDF that show good agreement with calculated gamma distributions.
Via Interconnections for Wafer Level Packaging: Impact of Tapered Via Shape and Via Geometry on Product Yield and Reliability (2007)

The wafer level packaging for optical image sensor devices developed by Schott Advanced Packaging utilizes a through silicon via (TSV) by contacting the bond pads of the image sensors from the backside. Direct contact of the bond pads from the back side of the chip offers much shorter transmission paths to the board assemblies, thus providing faster signal speed, lower ohmic contact, efficient thermal conduction and many added advantages. After forming the vias by means of plasma etching, the electrical connection from the bottom of the via to the backside of the wafer is done by spray coating and lithography to form the redistribution layer, and prepare the wafer for bumping at a later process step. Via shape and spray coating process are the key to achieve good quality and reliable product. This paper discusses interactions between the via shape (profile angle and shape) and its effects on subsequent spray coating processes as well as its impact on electrical yield and reliability of the product. The shape of the via, and its homogeneity over the wafer significantly affect the performance and stability of the next process steps, thus careful balancing of the via forming process and the lithography are required. The impact of via morphology and via stability are also studied under production conditions on the spray coating performance.
Diffusion MRI and Poroelastic Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage (2016)

Cartilage is a poroelastic material for which application of load leads to fluid flow within and out from the porous solid matrix. The redistribution of fluids is a major factor in determining the mechanical properties and friction coefficients, which consequently depend in a complex way on the details of the load history and geometry. Although current poroelastic models for cartilage generally agree with the observed macroscopic behavior, critical tests of the underlying assumptions require direct measurements of the translational motion of the pore fluids. This chapter reviews magnetic resonance imaging investigations of water diffusion and flow in cartilage, with special emphasis on time-resolved measurements during dynamic loading.
Traumatic Brain Injury: A Disease Process, Not an Event (2010)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is seen by the insurance industry and many health care providers as an "event." Once treated and provided with a brief period of rehabilitation, the perception exists that patients with a TBI require little further treatment and face no lasting effects on the central nervous system or other organ systems. In fact, TBI is a chronic disease process, one that fits the World Health Organization definition as having one or more of the following characteristics: it is permanent, caused by non-reversible pathological alterations, requires special training of the patient for rehabilitation, and/or may require a long period of observation, supervision, or care. TBI increases long-term mortality and reduces life expectancy. It is associated with increased incidences of seizures, sleep disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and psychiatric diseases, as well as non-neurological disorders such as sexual dysfunction, bladder and bowel incontinence, and systemic metabolic dysregulation that may arise and/or persist for months to years post-injury. The purpose of this article is to encourage the classification of TBI as the beginning of an ongoing, perhaps lifelong process, that impacts multiple organ systems and may be disease causative and accelerative. Our intent is not to discourage patients with TBI or their families and caregivers, but rather to emphasize that TBI should be managed as a chronic disease and defined as such by health care and insurance providers. Furthermore, if the chronic nature of TBI is recognized by government and private funding agencies, research can be directed at discovering therapies that may interrupt the disease processes months or even years after the initiating event.
A new hypothesis linking oxytocin to menstrual migraine (2021)

Trigeminal OTR may thus be a novel target for the development of MRM therapeutics.
Vertical redistribution of a pollutant tracer due to cumulus convection. Final Report, 1980-1984 (1985)

Mathematical formalisms that incorporate the physical processes responsible for the vertical redistribution of a conservative pollutant tracer due to a convective cloud field are presented. Two modeling approaches are presented differing in the manner in which the cloud fields are forced. The two approaches give internally consistent results and give results for the convective mass flux. The manner in which the upward mass flux is apportioned to the various cloud classes, however, differs as consequence of the different vertical profile of forcing functions used. This study shows that the concentration increase in the cloud layer due to the venting action of cumulus clouds can be as, if not more important than, the in situ production and this process should therefore be incorporated in regional scale transport models.
Data Transmission Using Transmitter Side Channel Estimation in Wireless Power Transfer System (2015)

In recent years, wireless power transfer has been attracting a great deal of attention. In order to realize efficient power transfer, it is necessary to communicate data such as a frequency, required power, or error tolerance. In the proposed system, because of the use of the same antennas for power transmission and data transmission, the frequency response of a channel for the data transmission changes owing to load fluctuation and the distance between antennas. This paper investigates data transmission performance in the wireless power transfer system with frequency response estimation at the transmitter side. The numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme can estimate the frequency response of the channel and the difference between the expected bit error rate (BER) and the BER with the estimation error is less than 0.5dB at the BER of 10-3.
Antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of the novel chimeric inhibitor animacroxam in testicular germ cell cancer (2019)

Chimeric inhibitors, which merge two drug pharmacophores in a single molecule have become a prominent approach for the design of novel anticancer compounds. Here, we examined animacroxam, which combines histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and cytoskeleton-interfering pharmacophores, in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). The effectiveness of animacroxam was compared to that of the commonly applied chemotherapeutic cisplatin as well as the clinically approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. The antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam on TGCT in vivo were assessed through exploratory animal studies and a modified chorioallantoic membrane assay, revealing that animacroxam has significant antitumor activity in TGCT. A novel positron emission tomography/MR-imaging approach was applied to determine tumor volume and glucose [2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG)] uptake in TGCT tumors, revealing reduced glucose uptake in animacroxam-treated TGCTs and showing a dose-dependent suppression of glycolytic enzymes, which led to a breakdown in glycolytic energy production. Furthermore, the observed antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam were related to its ability to inhibit endothelial cell-cell communication, as the expression of gap junction-forming connexin 43 was strongly suppressed, and gap-junctional intercellular mass transport was reduced. Our data suggest that the chimeric HDAC inhibitor animacroxam may become a promising candidate for the treatment of solid cancers and may serve as an interesting alternative to platinum-based therapies.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Placenta Growth Factor in Human Placenta1 (1997)

Normal development and function of the placenta requires invasion of the maternal decidua by trophoblasts, followed by abundant and organized vascular growth. Little is known of the significance and function of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, which includes VEGF, VEGF-B, and VEGF-C, and of placenta growth factor (PIGF) in these processes. In this study we have analyzed the expression of VEGF and PIGF mRNAs and their protein products in placental tissue obtained from noncomplicated pregnancies. Expression of VEGF and PIGF mRNA was observed by in situ hybridization in the chorionic mesenchyme and villous trophoblasts, respectively. Immunostaining localized the VEGF and PIGF proteins in the vascular endothelium, which was defined by staining for von Willebrand factor and for the Tie receptor tyrosine kinase, an early endothelial cell marker. VEGF-B and VEGF-C mRNAs were strongly expressed in human placenta as evidenced by Northern blot analysis. These data imply that VEGF and PIGF are produced by different cells but that both target the endothelial cells of normal human term placenta.
Resurrecting DNAzymes as Sequence-Specific Therapeutics (2012)

In a mouse model of skin cancer, intratumoral injection of a sequence-specific mRNA-cleaving DNA enzyme caused potent inhibition of tumor growth and unusually benign pharmacodynamic profiles.
Dependence of rural livelihoods on forest resources in Naltar Valley, a dry temperate mountainous region, Pakistan (2019)

Forests resources in Naltar Valley, Pakistan, are under continuous pressure because of limited access to off-farm opportunities and alternative source of energy. Therefore, this study underlines the essential demographic and socio-economic characteristics of rural livelihood on forest resource-dependent in the study area that explain the factors of forest dependency. To better estimate household forest dependency, we interviewed 248 randomly selected households using a semi-structured questionnaire. The binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate the potential determinants of forest resource dependency. The study revealed that age, education, household size, livestock income, agriculture income, and off-farm income were significantly influenced household dependency on forest resource, while other factors were not significant. Furthermore, the result shows that the income derived from the forests resources, agricultural products, livestock and off-farm activities contributes 39%, 33%, 16% and 12% respectively to the total household income. Forest income share from timber, firewood, honey, fodder, medicines, and fruits & vegetables are 46%, 52%, 1%, 1%, 0.41%and 0.47% respectively. Firewood has the most significant share in forest income and the primary source of energy mainly for cooking, and heating by the local community. To balance forest resource dependency and to conserve biodiversity, it is therefore essential to appreciate local communities by providing alternative income generation opportunities and provide them with alternative sources of domestic energy like hydroelectric power and biogas power. To this end, the proactive involvement of local communities in forest conservation is needed, as well as more plantation to meet the demand for fuelwood and thus reduce the pressure on forest resources.
Molecular simulation of realistic membrane models of alkylated PEEK membranes (2006)

Abstract\n Atomistic molecular modelling has proven to be a useful tool for the investigation of transport properties of small gas molecules in polymer membrane matrices. The quality of the predictions of these properties based on molecular simulation depends principally on the quality of the membrane model. The predicted gas transport properties of small gas molecules in the same glassy polymer membrane show often a large scatter in gas diffusion and solubility simulated values. In order to reduce the scatter in predicted gas transport properties in glassy polymer membranes, numerical analysis of structural features of the membrane model is used for pre-selecting only the realistic ones for further simulations using transition state theory (TST) approach. Simulation results of gas solubility and diffusion in alkylated poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) membranes will illustrate the approach.
Visual Analysis of Time‐Series Similarities for Anomaly Detection in Sensor Networks (2014)

Abstract We present a system to analyze time‐series data in sensor networks. Our approach supports exploratory tasks for the comparison of univariate, geo‐referenced sensor data, in particular for anomaly detection. We split the recordings into fixed‐length patterns and show them in order to compare them over time and space using two linked views. Apart from geo‐based comparison across sensors we also support different temporal patterns to discover seasonal effects, anomalies and periodicities. The methods we use are best practices in the information visualization domain. They cover the daily, the weekly and seasonal and patterns of the data. Daily patterns can be analyzed in a clustering‐based view, weekly patterns in a calendar‐based view and seasonal patters in a projection‐based view. The connectivity of the sensors can be analyzed through a dedicated topological network view. We assist the domain expert with interaction techniques to make the results understandable. As a result, the user can identify and analyze erroneous and suspicious measurements in the network. A case study with a domain expert verified the usefulness of our approach.