gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Codes with a Circulant Parity Check Matrix (1998)

In this work we study codes characterized by the property that their parity check matrix is circulant, i.e., that rows are obtained as all the distinct cyclic shifts of the first row. For these codes, we give simple expressions for their dimension and for a lower bound on their minimum distance. We also present an ${\tt O}(nd)$ algorithm to solve the problem of deciding whether codes satisfying given constraints on their block length $n$, dimension $k$ and minimum distance $d$ exist in this class. Some long binary codes found using this algorithm are compared against the Varshamov-Gilbert bound.
Hardware device to physical structure binding and authentication (2023)

Detection and deterrence of device tampering and subversion may be achieved by including a cryptographic fingerprint unit within a hardware device for authenticating a binding of the hardware device and a physical structure. The cryptographic fingerprint unit includes an internal physically unclonable function (&quot;PUF&quot;) circuit disposed in or on the hardware device, which generate an internal PUF value. Binding logic is coupled to receive the internal PUF value, as well as an external PUF value associated with the physical structure, and generates a binding PUF value, which represents the binding of the hardware device and the physical structure. The cryptographic fingerprint unit also includes a cryptographic unit that uses the binding PUF value to allow a challenger to authenticate the binding.
Improving Zero-Day Malware Testing Methodology Using Statistically\n Significant Time-Lagged Test Samples (2016)

Enterprise networks are in constant danger of being breached by\ncyber-attackers, but making the decision about what security tools to deploy to\nmitigate this risk requires carefully designed evaluation of security products.\nOne of the most important metrics for a protection product is how well it is\nable to stop malware, specifically on "zero"-day malware that has not been seen\nby the security community before. However, evaluating zero-day performance is\ndifficult, because of larger number of previously unseen samples that are\nneeded to properly measure the true and false positive rate, and the challenges\ninvolved in accurately labeling these samples. This paper addresses these\nissues from a statistical and practical perspective. Our contributions include\nfirst showing that the number of benign files needed for proper evaluation is\non the order of a millions, and the number of malware samples needed is on the\norder of tens of thousands. We then propose and justify a time-delay method for\neasily collecting large number of previously unseen, but labeled, samples. This\nenables cheap and accurate evaluation of zero-day true and false positive\nrates. Finally, we propose a more fine-grain labeling of the malware/benignware\nin order to better model the heterogeneous distribution of files on various\nnetworks.\n
High K dielectric resonator antenna (2007)

The microwaves are used for both civilian and military applications for communications and detection. In the communication area, the endeavours of the scientist are focused to increase both the quantity and the quality of the data send over a communication link. The need to increase the amount of data that can be handled by a communication system is requested by the desire to use a communication device not only for voice but also for data, images, pictures and video transmission. Sending video over a communication link needs more bandwidth, which may be provided by increasing the operational frequency. In this way the frequency range of communications systems have extend from hundreds of KHz to MHz and now to microwaves (ISM band, IEEE 802.11 standard, Wi-MAX etc). The quality of the data is assured by improving the processing methods such as modulation, different methods of coding for digital systems, spatial processing (MIMO systems etc) etc. In addition to increased demand for bandwidth and quality there is a strong requirement for multifunction and miniaturised communication devices, which can be provided by using special designed microwave materials. In the field of detection devices the applications range from radar systems to microwave imaging systems, anti-collision systems, ground penetrating radar etc. In this case, the miniaturisation is a very important issue, too. As it is know the size of different kind of microwave components is in a certain relation with the wavelength divided by root square of the dielectric permittivity. Therefore, the size of the microwave component can be decreased by increasing the dielectric permittivity. Dielectric materials based on TiO2 are suited for applications in electromagnetism and optics due to their nonlinear properties, their high value of the dielectric permittivity and their temperature behaviour.

The paper describes very shortly the technology applied to manufacture high dielectric permittivity materials based on TiO2 and a dielectric resonator antenna manufactured with these materials. The experimental data measured for dielectric antenna are presented.
Muscarine-gated K+ channel: subunit stoichiometry and structural domains essential for G protein stimulation (1996)

Coexpression in Xenopus oocytes of the cloned cardiac inward rectifier subunits Kir 3.1 and Kir 3.4 results in G protein-stimulated channel activity closely resembling the muscarinic channel underlying the inwardly rectifying K+ current in atrial myocytes. To determine the stoichiometry and relative subunit positions within the channel, Kir 3.1 and Kir 3.4 were coexpressed in varying ratios with cloned G beta 1 gamma 2 subunits and also as tandemly linked tetramers with different relative subunit positions. The results reveal that the most efficient channel comprises two subunits of each type in an alternating array within the tetramer. To localize regions important for subunit coassembly and G protein sensitivity, chimeric subunits containing domains from either Kir 3.1, Kir 3.4, or the G protein-insensitive subunit Kir 4.1 were expressed. The results demonstrate that the transmembrane domains dictate the potentiation of the coassembled channels and that, although the NH4- or COOH-termini of both subunits alone can confer G protein sensitivity, both termini are required for maximal stimulation by G beta 1 gamma 2.
The uptake of chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein remnants by the perfused rat liver. (1984)

The regulation of the hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants was studied in the rat using a nonrecirculating liver perfusion system. The hepatic removal of remnant lipoproteins was shown to be by receptor-mediated processes since the concentration-dependent uptake was saturable and reductive methylation of the particles reduced the uptake of each lipoprotein by two-thirds. Treatment of liver donor rats with 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol resulted in a 2-fold increase in the hepatic uptake of VLDL remnants, while cholesterol feeding of liver donor rats caused complete suppression of the receptor-mediated uptake of VLDL remnants. Chylomicron remnant removal was unaffected by estradiol administration and only slightly diminished by cholesterol feeding. The results of competition studies also indicated that a specific chylomicron remnant receptor exists in the liver. Apoprotein E was shown to be required for the receptor-mediated uptake of both remnant lipoproteins. Chylomicron remnants which contained no apoprotein E and VLDL remnants which contained reductively methylated apoprotein E were removed by the liver to about one-third of the extent of native particles. Thus the hepatic uptake of remnant lipoproteins occurs by receptor-mediated processes and the specific removal of both particles is mediated by apoprotein E. In addition, the uptake of VLDL remnants is regulated by the same factors that control hepatic low-density lipoprotein removal, while chylomicron remnant removal is unaffected by these factors.
Knockdown of genes in the Toll pathway reveals new lethal RNA interference targets for insect pest control (2016)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising alternative strategy for ecologically friendly pest management. However, the identification of RNAi candidate genes is challenging owing to the absence of laboratory strains and the seasonality of most pest species. Tribolium castaneum is a well-established model, with a strong and robust RNAi response, which can be used as a high-throughput screening platform to identify potential RNAi target genes. Recently, the cactus gene was identified as a sensitive RNAi target for pest control. To explore whether the spectrum of promising RNAi targets can be expanded beyond those found by random large-scale screening, to encompass others identified using targeted knowledge-based approaches, we constructed a Cactus interaction network. We tested nine genes in this network and found that the delivery of double-stranded RNA corresponding to fusilli and cactin showed lethal effects. The silencing of cactin resulted in 100% lethality at every developmental stage from the larva to the adult. The knockdown of pelle, Dorsal-related immunity factor and short gastrulation reduced or even prevented egg hatching in the next generation. The combination of such targets with lethal and parental RNAi effects can now be tested against different pest species in field studies.
Removal of Heat‐Stable Salts from Lean Amine of a Gas Refinery via Electrodialysis (2020)

Abstract Heat‐stable salts (HSS) can be generated by degradation of amines during absorptive CO 2 capture. The removal of HSS from lean amine using electrodialysis was carried out with the aims of enhancing HSS removal efficiency and reducing energy consumption as high as possible using homogeneous and heterogeneous ion exchange membranes. The results demonstrate the significant effects of concentrated solution on removal efficiency, energy consumption, amine loss, and amount of effluent. In the case of using a lean amine of the gas refinery and water as a concentrated solution, the HSS removal can be enhanced by 30 % and the amount of effluent can be reduced by 40 % using a homogeneous membrane instead of a heterogeneous membrane. Furthermore, the energy consumption decreased by 51 %.
Foreword to the Special Issue on the 42nd European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2016) (2017)

The papers in this special section were presented at the 42nd European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2016). This conference is the largest conference on optical communication in Europe, and one of the largest and most prestigious events in this field worldwide. Optical Communication is the technological basis of the global internet, which transforms the world into an information and communication society where the information is available everywhere at every time.
A critical study of defect migration and ferroelectric fatigue in lead zirconate titanate thin film capacitors under extreme temperatures (1997)

Abstract The temperature dependence of the ferroelectric switching behavior was measured for lead zirconate titanate capacitors with the composition Pb(Zr.60Ti.40)O3. Results indicated that a temperature rise contributes to an increasing rate of logarithmic decay in the polarization during repeated switching reversals. Most current theories dealing with polarization degradation, known as fatigue, are based on the motion of defects. In support of this phenomena, where the decay rate R(T) is proportional to exp(ΔQ/kT), two quantitative models are developed used to measure the thermally activated fatigue process. Fatigue curves of polarization versus number of cycles reveal that extremes in temperature are necessary to distinguish changes in the rate of fatigue, translating to a very small measured activation energy of approximately 0.05 eV. This small value leads one to believe that the mechanism responsible deals with the transport of electrons/holes, not ionic defects. Caution must be taken in this conclusion since the measured value is only the thermal component for the activation energy, and does not account for a work term.
Fairlocks A High Performance Fair Locking Scheme. (2002)

Abstract 1 Over the past several decades, much research has been done in the area of modeling, simulating, and measuring the performance of locking primitives under conditions of low and high contention and with attention to memory locality of the locking data structures. Most of the existing locking primitives are not fair with respect to lock grants and can cause lock starvation among CPUs during high contention. Locking primitives proposed to eliminate lock starvation employ complex schemes to achieve fairness, resulting in poor performance under low contention. In this paper, we propose a new locking scheme, called fairlocks, which, on many architectures, is as fast as test-and-set locks during low contention, and maintains both fairness and data locality for lock grants. Keywords: locking synchronization performance, lock starvation 1. Introduction In order for parallel shared-memory multiprocessors to scale well, low lock contention levels must be maintained. However, existing code that experiences high lock contention must often be used as is until a redesigned version of the code becomes available. In addition, it may not be worthwhile to optimize code that executes infrequently (for example, handlers for rare error conditions). Primitives that increase data locality, while providing some fairness guarantees, can improve the performance of such code while simultaneously preventing unfairness and lock starvation. Moreover, the increase in instruction execution rate outstrips the reductions in global latencies among large-scale multiprocessors, as shown in Figure 1. The figure shows that memory accesses were less expensive than instructions in the early 80s; however, the Moore’s-law-driven increases in CPU core performance have outstripped those of memory, so that now literally hundreds of instructions can execute in the time required to complete a single memory access. This motivates the need for locking primitives that preserve memory locality or for some solution from the underlying processor architecture. Thus, some new architectures provide a solution to this problem by providing closely bound groups of CPUs, called “nodes,” with lower latencies within nodes than between nodes. Examples of such architectures include cache-coherent non-uniform memory-access (CC-NUMA)
ChemInform Abstract: Multiphoton Dissociation Dynamics of Dimethyl Selenide. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nucleotides of transcription factor binding sites exert interdependent effects on the binding affinities of transcription factors (2002)

We can determine the effects of many possible sequence variations in transcription factor binding sites using microarray binding experiments. Analysis of wild-type and mutant Zif268 (Egr1) zinc fingers bound to microarrays containing all possible central 3 bp triplet binding sites indicates that the nucleotides of transcription factor binding sites cannot be treated independently. This indicates that the current practice of characterizing transcription factor binding sites by mutating individual positions of binding sites one base pair at a time does not provide a true picture of the sequence specificity. Similarly, current bioinformatic practices using either just a consensus sequence, or even mononucleotide frequency weight matrices to provide more complete descriptions of transcription factor binding sites, are not accurate in depicting the true binding site specificities, since these methods rely upon the assumption that the nucleotides of binding sites exert independent effects on binding affinity. Our results stress the importance of complete reference tables of all possible binding sites for comparing protein binding preferences for various DNA sequences. We also show results suggesting that microarray binding data using particular subsets of all possible binding sites can be used to extrapolate the relative binding affinities of all possible full-length binding sites, given a known binding site for use as a starting sequence for site preference refinement.
Uniform and large volume microwave magnetic coupling to NV centers in diamond using split ring resonators (2014)

A microwave resonator for uniform coupling of microwave magnetic field into NV centers in diamond over a mm3 volume with an average Rabi frequency of 16 MHz with a 5% variance for 0.5 W microwave power is reported.
Transient characteristics of an M/M/∞ system applied to statistical multiplexing on an ATM link (1994)

The Quality of Service (QoS) offered to telecommunication applications is related to the transient behavior of network elements in the case of congestion. In this paper, we analyze the variations of the bit rate process f t g created on an ATM link transmitting data bursts in an open-loop statistical multiplexing scheme. This process is modeled by means of an M=M=1 queuing system. The performance of statistical multiplexing is then characterized by transient QoS parameters, namely the duration ` of a congestion where the process f t g remains above the link transmission capacity C, the area V swept by that process and the number N of bursts arriving over this congestion period. The respective distributions of random variables `, V and N are computed by means of a uniformization technique. The corresponding numerical algorithms are described in full detail. This approach allows us, in particular, to provide a simple proof for the so-called local approximation of process f t g, which...
Thalamocortical neurons display suppressed burst-firing due to an enhanced Ih current in a genetic model of absence epilepsy (2014)

Burst-firing in distinct subsets of thalamic relay (TR) neurons is thought to be a key requirement for the propagation of absence seizures. However, in the well-regarded Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) model as yet there has been no link described between burst-firing in TR neurons and spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs). GAERS ventrobasal (VB) neurons are a specific subset of TR neurons that do not normally display burst-firing during absence seizures in the GAERS model, and here, we assessed the underlying relationship of VB burst-firing with Ih and T-type calcium currents between GAERS and non-epileptic control (NEC) animals. In response to 200-ms hyperpolarizing current injections, adult epileptic but not pre-epileptic GAERS VB neurons displayed suppressed burst-firing compared to NEC. In response to longer duration 1,000-ms hyperpolarizing current injections, both pre-epileptic and epileptic GAERS VB neurons required significantly more hyperpolarizing current injection to burst-fire than those of NEC animals. The current density of the Hyperpolarization and Cyclic Nucleotide-activated (HCN) current (Ih) was found to be increased in GAERS VB neurons, and the blockade of Ih relieved the suppressed burst-firing in both pre-epileptic P15-P20 and adult animals. In support, levels of HCN-1 and HCN-3 isoform channel proteins were increased in GAERS VB thalamic tissue. T-type calcium channel whole-cell currents were found to be decreased in P7-P9 GAERS VB neurons, and also noted was a decrease in CaV3.1 mRNA and protein levels in adults. Z944, a potent T-type calcium channel blocker with anti-epileptic properties, completely abolished hyperpolarization-induced VB burst-firing in both NEC and GAERS VB neurons.
<title>Wavelength scaling investigation of several materials</title> (1993)

A logical approach to investigating materials that scatter non-topographically is to coat them with a thin layer that scatters only topographically (i.e., a layer that wavelength scales) so that the two scatter sources can be separated. This technique has been used to study scatter from beryllium mirrors using layers of aluminum and gold. In the course of these investigations it was learned that many aluminum surfaces do not wavelength scale (no information was available on gold). This was discovered fairly late in the study and caused a lot of extra expense and frustration. This paper presents wavelength scaling data from the uv to the mid-IR for several materials. The intention is to provide guidance for future studies of this nature.
Selective ultrasonic focusing towards an optical contrast agent by use of photoacoustic-guided time-reversal (2008)

We recently demonstrated experimentally that optically absorbing regions embedded at centimetric depths in an optically diffusive medium can be used, through the photoacoustic effect, as ultrasound sources for time-reversal techniques [Bossy et al., APL 89(18), 2006]. If the optically absorbing region is spatially localized, the emission of the time-reversed photoacoustic waves provides a method to automatically focus ultrasound towards the absorbing region. In biological tissue, this approach has the potential to automatically guide high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) beams towards a targeted region labelled with an optically absorbing contrast agent. However, such an approach is conceivable only if the HIFU beam is guided towards the sole targeted region, and not towards other potentially strong endogenous optical absorbers (such as blood vessels). In this work, we present a method to selectively focus time-reversed photoacoustic waves towards an exogenous wavelength-dependent optical contrast agent. Experiments were performed in vitro on tissue-mimicking phantoms, with nano-particles as contrast agents. A tunable nanosecond pulsed laser was used with different optical wavelengths to generate photoacoustic waves. A multi-channel time-reversal ultrasound system was used to emit ultrasound signals derived from time-reversed photoacoustic signals obtained with different optical wavelengths.
Biosynthetic studies of marine lipids. 11. Synthesis, biosynthesis, and absolute configuration of the internally branched demospongic acid, 22-methyl-5,9-octacosadienoic acid (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthetic studies of marine lipids. 11. Synthesis, biosynthesis, and absolute configuration of the internally branched demospongic acid, 22-methyl-5,9-octacosadienoic acidDaniel Raederstorff, Arthur Y. L. Shu, Janice E. Thompson, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 12, 2337–2346Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00388a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00388a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views753Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts