gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complications of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in 185 Patients: A Multi-Institutional Review (1995)

In our early experience the complication rate for laparoscopic nephrectomy was 12% in patients with benign renal disease and 34% in those with renal cancer. Based on this collective experience, recommendations for prevention, recognition and treatment of complications are made.
DNA ploidy measure of Feulgen-stained cancer cells using three-dimensional image cytometry (2014)

The clinical utility of DNA ploidy as prognostic indicator is well established for cancer. Quantitative measures of DNA are possible in cell populations with flow cytometry (FCM) and individual cells with image cytometry (ICM). Because ICM can be more accurate in 3D images of absorptive stained DNA, we studied a new 3D optical microscope, the Cell-CT™. By providing quantitative cytometry of cells moving in a microcapillary tube with 3D visualization of morphology, the Cell-CT combines attributes of both FCM and ICM. Comparing Cell-CT to standard FCM, DNA ploidy measurements of Feulgen stained cultured cancer cells were made using fully automated 3D nuclear segmentation. There was a significant Spearman's rank correlation (r=0.98, p <;0.01) between the results from FCM and Cell-CT, while determining nuclear morphology of seven different cell types. We conclude that Cell-CT provides measurements of DNA content comparable to FCM and is a valuable alternative method for assessing tumorgenesis of enriched microsamples of diagnostic cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilsmeier Reagents: Preparation of β‐Halo α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones. (1990)

Abstract The Vilsmeier agents (II), generated from dimethylformamide (I) and oxalyl chloride or bromide, react with the cycloalkane‐1,3‐diones (III) or (V), yielding the 3‐halocycloalkenones (IV) or (VI).
New materials and processes for directed self-assembly (2013)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a promising technology for advanced patterning at future technology nodes, but significant hurdles remain for commercial implementation. The most widely studied material for DSA is poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA), but the relatively weak segregation strength of PSPMMA results in some limitations. This paper reports on these limitations for PS-PMMA and highlights a path to success through use of more strongly segregated “high-&chi;” block copolymers. In general, stronger segregation is predicted to lower defectivity at equilibrium, but unfortunately, kinetics of self assembly also becomes much slower as segregation strength increases. Recognizing diffusion is much faster for cylinder morphologies than lamellar ones, we have investigated new cylinder-forming BCPs that enable defect elimination with thermal annealing processes. In addition, a formulation strategy is presented that further improves the kinetics of the assembly process, enabling tremendous improvements in defectivity over simple BCP systems. Excitingly, successful chemoepitaxy DSA with a high-&chi; lamellar BCP is also demonstrated using a thermal annealing process and no top coat. These technologies hold promise to enable DSA with thermal annealing processing across pitches from 40 - 16 nm.
Management of angular speed sensors for control at the power-zero condition of a continuously variable transmission: A describing-function approach (2008)

This paper focuses on the control at the power-zero condition of a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) used in agricultural tractors. The power-zero condition requires the controller to regulate the transmission ratio to zero, independently of the input engine speed. This is particularly useful when the tractor is operated uphill or downhill, in order to keep the vehicle still without using brakes. As the considered CVT is tailored to low-power tractors used in orchards and vineyards, this is indeed a very important functioning mode. Specifically, it is shown how the control problem is deeply interleaved with the choice of the appropriate angular speed sensors used for computing the transmission ratio and the algorithm used to process their output for computing the angular speed. An innovative analysis on the estimation error and the time delay of the two main speed estimation algorithms is developed. In particular, it is proven that the delay introduced by the speed sensor can cause an undesired limit-cycle behaviour in the closed-loop system. The existence and stability properties of such a limit cycle are assessed with a describing-function approach, and a strategy to suppress the limit cycle is proposed.
A machine learning method for automatic detection and classification of patient-ventilator asynchrony (2020)

Patients suffering from respiratory failure are often put on assisted mechanical ventilation. Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) can occur during mechanical ventilation, which cause damage to the lungs and has been linked to increased mortality in the intensive care unit. In current clinical practice PVA is still detected using visual inspection of the air pressure, flow, and volume curves, which is time-consuming and sensitive to subjective interpretation. Correct detection of the patient respiratory efforts is needed to properly asses the type of asynchrony. Therefore, we propose a method for automatic detection of the patient respiratory efforts using a one-dimensional convolution neural network. The proposed method was able to detect patient efforts with a sensitivity and precision of 98.6% and 97.3% for the inspiratory efforts, and 97.7% and 97.2% for the expiratory efforts. Besides allowing detection of PVA, combining the estimated timestamps of patient's inspiratory and expiratory efforts with the timings of the mechanical ventilator further allows for classification of the asynchrony type. In the future, the proposed method could support clinical decision making by informing clinicians on the quality of ventilation and providing actionable feedback for properly adjusting the ventilator settings.
User centricity: A taxonomy and open issues* (2007)

User centricity is a significant concept in federated identity management (FIM), as it provides for stronger user control and privacy. However, several notions of user-centricity in the FIM community render its semantics unclear and hamper future research in this area. Therefore, we consider user-centricity abstractly and establish a comprehensive taxonomy encompassing user-control, architecture, and usability aspects of user-centric FIM. We highlight the various mechanisms to achieve the properties identified in the taxonomy. We show how these mechanisms may differ based on the underlying technologies which in turn result in different trust assumptions. We classify the technologies into two predominant variants of user-centric FIM systems with significant feature sets. We distinguish credential-focused systems, which advocate offline identity providers and long-term credentials at a user's client, and relationship-focused systems, which rely on the relationships between users and online identity providers that create short-term credentials during transactions. Note that these two notions of credentials are quite different. The former encompasses cryptographic credentials as defined by Lysyanskaya et al., in Selected Areas in Cryptography, LNCS, vol. 1758, and the latter encompasses federation tokens as used in today's FIM protocols like Liberty. We raise the question where user-centric FIM systems may go – within the limitations of the user-centricity paradigm as well as beyond them. Firstly, we investigate the existence of a universal user-centric FIM system that can achieve a superset of security and privacy properties as well as the characteristic features of both predominant classes. Secondly, we explore the feasibility of reaching beyond user centricity, that is, allowing a user of a user-centric FIM system to again give away user control by means of an explicit act of delegation. We do neither claim a solution for universal user-centric systems nor for the extension beyond the boundaries of user centricity, however, we establish a starting point for both ventures by leveraging the properties of a credential-focused FIM system.
An Integrated Framework on Characterization, Control, and Testing of an Electrical Turbocharger Assist (2017)

Electrical turbocharger assist is one of the most critical technologies in improving fuel efficiency of conventional powertrain vehicles. However, strong challenges lie in high efficient operations of the device due to its complexity. In this paper, an integrated framework on characterization, control, and testing of the electrical turbocharger assist is proposed. Starting from a physical characterization of the engine, the controllability and the impact of the electrical turbocharger assist on fuel economy and exhaust emissions are both analyzed. A multivariable robust controller is designed to regulate the dynamics of the electrified turbocharged engine in a systematic approach. To minimize the fuel consumption in real time, a supervisory level controller is designed to update the setpoints of key controlled variables in an optimal way. Furthermore, a cutting-edge experimental platform based on a heavy-duty diesel engine is built. The proposed framework has been evaluated in simulations, physical simulations, and experiments. Results are presented for the developed system and the proposed framework that demonstrate excellent tracking performance, high robustness, and the potential for improvements in fuel efficiency.
Oxidative Reforming of Methane over Rh-Containing Zeolites: Active Species and Role of Zeolite Framework (2021)

Rh ion-exchanged Y zeolite (Rh-Y) and amorphous silica–alumina (Rh-ASA) were prepared by the ion-exchange method. The Rh species were identified by UV–vis and IR spectroscopies, TEM, and H2-TPR measurements. Isolated Rh cations were preferentially formed on the Y zeolite, while Rh oxide mainly existed on ASA. The catalytic activities of the prepared samples for oxidative reforming of methane were evaluated. The Rh oxide on Rh-ASA exhibited slightly higher methane conversion and CO yield than those of the isolated Rh cation on Rh-Y. On the other hand, the catalytic lifetime over Rh-Y was longer than that over Rh-ASA because the isolated Rh cations were protected from aggregation by electrostatic interaction with the zeolite framework. In addition, Rh-Y exhibited a high catalytic activity even at low Rh contents owing to its high dispersibility. On the basis of the experimental facts, we have successfully clarified the active Rh species for this oxidative reforming of methane and demonstrated the effectiveness of the zeolite framework for the stabilization of the active species. This article provides the important concept for the design of highly active catalysts in this catalytic system.
A Distributed Architecture for Interacting with NAO (2015)

One of the main applications of the humanoid robot NAO - a small robot companion - is human-robot interaction (HRI). NAO is particularly well suited for HRI applications because of its design, hardware specifications, programming capabilities, and affordable cost. Indeed, NAO can stand up, walk, wander, dance, play soccer, sit down, recognize and grasp simple objects, detect and identify people, localize sounds, understand some spoken words, engage itself in simple and goal-directed dialogs, and synthesize speech. This is made possible due to the robot's 24 degree-of-freedom articulated structure (body, legs, feet, arms, hands, head, etc.), motors, cameras, microphones, etc., as well as to its on-board computing hardware and embedded software, e.g., robot motion control. Nevertheless, the current NAO configuration has two drawbacks that restrict the complexity of interactive behaviors that could potentially be implemented. Firstly, the on-board computing resources are inherently limited, which implies that it is difficult to implement sophisticated computer vision and audio signal analysis algorithms required by advanced interactive tasks. Secondly, programming new robot functionalities currently implies the development of embedded software, which is a difficult task in its own right necessitating specialized knowledge. The vast majority of HRI practitioners may not have this kind of expertise and hence they cannot easily and quickly implement their ideas, carry out thorough experimental validations, and design proof-of-concept demonstrators. We have developed a distributed software architecture that attempts to overcome these two limitations. Broadly speaking, NAO's on-board computing resources are augmented with external computing resources. The latter is a computer platform with its CPUs, GPUs, memory, operating system, libraries, software packages, internet access, etc. This configuration enables easy and fast development in Matlab, C, C++, or Python. Moreover, it allows the user to combine on-board libraries (motion control, face detection, etc.) with external toolboxes, e.g., OpenCv.
Synthesis of Porous Microparticles with Aligned Porosity (2008)

Abstract Microparticles with controlled porosity have been widely used in various applications. In this Full Paper, a new method of freezing emulsions has been developed to prepare porous microparticles with unique aligned porosity. Aligned porous poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) microparticles are formed on an aligned porous polymeric composite. The aligned porous microparticles can be released simply by dissolving the supporting composite in water. The formation mechanism for the aligned porosity is discussed. The effects of freezing temperature and stirring speed are investigated. This method is also demonstrated to be generic in preparing porous microparticles with controlled porosity. As an example, polystyrene microparticles with different types of pores are produced. A preliminary study on the application of the porous microparticles in supporting stem cell growth is performed. It is found that poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) microparticles can support the growth of mouse embryo stem cells.
Performance of a new type of module based on back-contact solar cells (2010)

Imec has developed a new technology to integrate and interconnect back-contact solar cells into modules, based on embedding cells in silicone on top of a glass substrate. This technology aims at an improved optical performance and reliability (through the use of silicones and low-temperature metallization). One of the additional advantages is that the technology is suitable for integrating very thin cells into modules: whereas standalone interconnection of such fragile thin cells, e.g. tabbing and stringing, would significantly lower the throughput yield due to breakage, the cells are better protected if they are embedded inside silicone. The paper will first elaborate on the process flow, the background and motivation, advantages, drawbacks and limitations, and technical aspects of the developed technology. Then it will present the results of the measurements on the performance of functional solar cells processed into modules using this technology, discussing losses and loss mechanisms. Then, the approach towards determining the reliability of the module will be presented, indicating how imec aims at building up an ageing model, and elaborating the results on the failure mode and effect analysis, modeling, characterization and reliability testing.
Warp: a method for neural network interpretability applied to gene expression profiles (2017)

We show a proof of principle for warping, a method to interpret the inner working of neural networks in the context of gene expression analysis. Warping is an efficient way to gain insight to the inner workings of neural nets and make them more interpretable. We demonstrate the ability of warping to recover meaningful information for a given class on a samplespecific individual basis. We found warping works well in both linearly and nonlinearly separable datasets. These encouraging results show that warping has a potential to be the answer to neural networks interpretability in computational biology.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐DNA Binding Relationship Analysis of DNA Triple‐Helix Specific Intercalators. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supervision of Entry Level Licensed Counselors (2004)

Abstract This study addresses the background and qualifications of supervisors of entry level licensed counselors, content of the supervision process, and perceptions of both supervisors and supervisees regarding supervisor roles and functions. Results are discussed with suggestions for future research.
Enhancement of Backward-Wave Phonon Echoes by Structural Defects in Quartz (1984)

The magnitude of backward-wave phonon echoes at 17.3 GHz in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz was found to depend strongly on the presence of structural defects introduced by thermal quenching of the crystal. In addition, the linear dependence of echo magnitudes on both acoustic and microwave powers suggested that the effect of the defects was to introduce large static strains which enhanced the intrinsic mechanisms.
Oxidation of Polycrystalline Copper Thin Films at Ambient Conditions (2008)

Qualitative and quantitative studies of the oxidation of polycrystalline copper (Cu) thin films upon exposure to ambient air conditions for long periods (on the order of several months) are reported in this work. Thin films of Cu, prepared by thermal evaporation, were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to gain an understanding on the growth mechanism of the surface oxide layer. Analysis of high-resolution Cu LMM, Cu2p3/2, and O1s spectra was used to follow the time dependence of individual oxide overlayer thicknesses as well as the overall oxide composite thickness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) were used to confirm the results obtained from XPS measurements. Three main stages of copper oxide growth were observed: (a) the formation of a Cu2O layer, most likely due to Cu metal ionic transport toward the oxide−oxygen interface, (b) the formation of a Cu(OH)2 metastable overlayer, due to the interactions of Cu ions with hydroxyl groups present at the surface, and (c) the transformation of the Cu(OH)2 metastable phase to a more stable CuO layer. These three stages were found to occur simultaneously and to be mutually dependent on each other. The findings of this study may provide guidance in choosing the optimal conditions to fabricate and store copper-based ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits.
Recording anechoic gunshot waveforms of several firearms at 500 kilohertz sampling rate (2016)

Acoustic gunshot signals consist of a high amplitude and short duration impulsive sound known as the muzzle blast and the shock wave. This experiment involved documenting gunshot muzzle blast sounds produced by eight commonly used firearms including Remington 870, Colt 45, Glock 19 with 9mm ammunition, Glock 23, Sig 239, AR15, 22LR, and Ruger SP 101 with 357 magnum and 38 special ammunition. An elevated microphone bracket (3m above the ground) was built to achieve a quasianechoic environment for the duration of the muzzle blast. Twelve microphones (GRAS 40DP) were mounted on the bracket in a semi-circular arc to observe the azimuthal variation of the muzzle blast. Signals were recorded using LabVIEW. Similarities and differences among waveforms are presented.
Extensive Mammalian Ancestry of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus (2010)

We demonstrate that the novel pandemic influenza (H1N1) viruses have human virus-like receptor specificity and can no longer replicate in aquatic waterfowl, their historic natural reservoir. The biological properties of these viruses are consistent with those of their phylogenetic progenitors, indicating longstanding adaptation to mammals.
Involvement of Arterial Baroreflex in the Protective Effect of Dietary Restriction Against Stroke (2013)

Dietary restriction (DR) protects against neuronal dysfunction and degeneration, and reduces the risk of ischemic stroke. This study examined the role of silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) and arterial baroreflex in the beneficial effects of DR against stroke, using two distinct stroke models: stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SP-SHRs) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sirt1 knockout (KO) mice were used to examine the involvement of sirt1. Sinoaortic denervation was used to inactivate arterial baroreflex. Dietary restriction was defined as 40% reduction of dietary intake. Briefly, DR prolonged the life span of SP-SHRs and reduced the infarct size induced by MCAO. Dietary restriction also improved the function arterial baroreflex, decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced end-organ damage. The beneficial effect of DR on stroke was markedly attenuated by blunting arterial baroreflex. Lastly, the infarct area in sirt1 KO mice was significantly larger than in the wild-type mice. However, the beneficial effect of DR against ischemic injury was still apparent in sirt1 KO mice. Accordingly, arterial baroreflex, but not sirt1, is important in the protective effect of DR against stroke.
Roadblocks and Critical Aspects of Cleaning for Sub-65nm Technologies (2006)

This study will review some of the critical aspects of cleaning for sub-65 nm technologies. These issues include: surface preparation for high k dielectrics on Si and on Ge, metal gate cleaning and removal of small particles without creating damage to structures
No eulogies for TQM (1992)

States that the TQM approach to quality is going out of fashion, takes as evidence of this the fact that examiners for the Baldrige Award are looking for evidence of customer focus and effective leadership rather than merely a rigid application of TQM methods. Compares the decline of TQM to that experienced by management by objectives in the past.
Pulmonary hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Effects on right ventricular function (1996)

The short- and mid-term hemodynamic effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) were studied in 16 sedated cirrhotic patients. Indications included relapsing variceal bleeding (n = 10) and refractory ascites (n = 6). The decrease of porto-atrial pressure gradient (from 20.4 ± 4.2 mm Hg to 10.1 ± 2.4 mmHg; P &lt; .05) was associated with an increase of mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) (from 12.3 ± 3.0 mm Hg to 20.3 ± 5.3 mm Hg; P &lt; .05) and of right atrial pressure (RAP) from 3.4 ± 2.6 mm Hg to 8.3 ± 3.7 mm Hg; P &lt; .05), whereas right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDVI) remained unchanged. The significant increase of cardiac index (CI) (from 4.5 ± 1.2 L/min/m 2 to 5.0 ± 1.1 L/min/m 2 ; P &lt; .05) was essentially attributable to an increase of heart rate (HR) (from 81 ± 11 to 88 ± 10 beats/min; P &lt; .05). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased (from 812 ± 281 to 666 ± 191 dynes/sec/cm 5 ; P &lt; .05), whereas pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased (from 60.6 ± 29.6 to 82.0 ± 34.6 dynes/sec/cm5; P &lt; .05). After transient shunt occlusion with a balloon catheter, all of the hemodynamic parameters returned to baseline values, except pulmonary artery pressure, which also decreased but remained significantly increased. One month after TIPS, pulmonary pressure remained elevated, and CI further increased. It is concluded that increased PVR is the major hemodynamic alteration occurring after TIPS placement. It correlates with the decrease of porto-atrial gradient and is probably mediated by both mechanical and neurohumoral factors.
Organic multicolor EL display with fine pixels (1997)

Abstract— We present a RGB multicolor EL display, in which a blue organic EL display was combined with color‐changing media (CCM). The CCMs were basically made up of organic fluorescent media which changed the emission color from blue to green or red.