gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melting Points of Potential Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Systems Consisting of N-Alkylcarbazoles (2016)

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) represent an attractive concept for storing hydrogen by the hydrogenation of usually aromatic compounds. One of the best investigated LOHCs is N-ethylcarbazole because of its favorable thermodynamic properties. However, its high melting point of 343.1 K could be a major drawback particularly in mobile applications. Therefore, it is desired to decrease the melting point of N-ethylcarbazole without significantly changing favorable properties such as the storage density or the reaction behavior of the carrier compound. To investigate the solid–liquid behavior during hydrogenation, the melting points of pure N-ethylcarbazole derivatives with increasing degree of hydrogenation as well as the liquidus line of the binary mixture of N-ethylcarbazole and N-ethyl-dodecahydro-carbazole were measured. Because of their structural and chemical resemblance binary mixtures consisting of different alkylcarbazole combinations were analyzed regarding their potential for a melting point depression. By the appropriate combination of N-alkylcarbazoles, it is possible to achieve a considerable melting point decrease to 297.1 K.
Development of a Sensitive Microarray Immunoassay and Comparison With Standard Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Cytokine Analysis (2003)

Cytokine and cytokine inhibitors represent important components of the inflammatory response in patients with trauma, shock, and sepsis. Many investigators wish to quantify cytokines and it would be advantageous to measure multiple cytokines in a multiplex manner to obtain an inflammatory profile rather than a single value. Using the well-accepted standard enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) as a basis, a microarray immunoassay (MI) was designed to measure 16 different human cytokines simultaneously. The MI was performed by spotting antibodies on nitrocellulose pads affixed to glass slides. Detection of the mediators was performed with biotin-conjugated antibodies followed by fluorescently labeled streptavidin. All antibodies and other reagents were purchased commercially. The MI achieved a lower limit of detection that was generally similar to traditional ELISAs (approximately 4-12 pg/mL) and also had a similar coefficient of variation. In the multiplexed MI, there was no cross reactivity between mediators. To verify the utility of the MI, cytokines and cytokine inhibitors were measured in endotoxin stimulated human blood by both ELISA and MI. Virtually identical cytokine concentrations were measured by both methods. These results describe the development of a sensitive, specific and cost-effective multiplexed microarray immunoassay that produces values similar to traditional ELISAs.
Fiber‐in‐Tube Design of Co9S8‐Carbon/Co9S8: Enabling Efficient Sodium Storage (2019)

Abstract The sodium‐ion battery is a promising battery technology owing to its low price and high abundance of sodium. However, the sluggish kinetics of sodium ion makes it hard to achieve high‐rate performance, therefore impairing the power density. In this work, a fiber‐in‐tube Co 9 S 8 ‐carbon(C)/Co 9 S 8 is designed with fast sodiation kinetics. The experimental and simulation analysis show that the dominating capacitance mechanism for the high Na‐ion storage performance is due to abundant grain boundaries, three exposed layer interfaces, and carbon wiring in the design. As a result, the fiber‐in‐tube hybrid anode shows a high specific capacity of 616 mAh g −1 after 150 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 . At 1 A g −1 , a capacity of ca. 451 mAh g −1 can be achieved after 500 cycles. More importantly, a high energy density of 779 Wh kg −1 and power density of 7793 W kg −1 can be obtained simultaneously.
Effects of surfactants and alignment on the physical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper (2009)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in an aqueous medium using surfactants and filtered to make entangled networks, called buckypaper (BP), and the Raman spectra of BP samples revealed the degree of entanglement and residual surfactant content. The temperature dependence of the G-band peak shift in the BP was found to depend on the reduction in residual surfactant and nanotube oxidation. The electrical conductivity was improved after removing the surfactant and increasing the nanotube alignment, although the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity still followed a variable range hopping conduction behavior. The mechanical properties were affected by the degree of entanglement, alignment, and residual surfactant content, and tensile properties were found to improve with the reduction in surfactant and enhancement of alignment.
Co‐administration of ibuprofen and nitric oxide is an effective experimental therapy for muscular dystrophy, with immediate applicability to humans (2010)

Co-administration of NO and ibuprofen provided synergistic beneficial effects in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy, leading to an effective therapy. Our results open the possibility of immediate clinical testing of a combination of ISDN and ibuprofen in dystrophic patients, as both components are approved for use in humans, with a good safety profile.
Random laser spectroscopy for nanoscale perturbation sensing (2010)

We report a spectroscopic method using coherent random lasers for a simple, yet nanoscale, sensing approach. Unique spectral properties of coherent random laser emission can be detectably altered when introducing nanoscale perturbations to a simple nanocomposite film that consists of dielectric nanospheres and laser-dye-doped polymer to serve as a transducer. Random lasing action provides a means to amplify subtle perturbations to readily detectable spectral shifts in multiple discrete emission peaks. Owing to several advantages, such as large-area detection, narrow and multiple emission peaks, straightforward detection, and simple fabrication, random laser spectroscopy has the potential for ultrasensitive, yet simple, biosensors in various applications.
Data from GDC-0941, a Novel Class I Selective PI3K Inhibitor, Enhances the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Human Breast Cancer Models by Increasing Cell Death <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Docetaxel is a front-line standard-of-care chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of breast cancer. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are lipid kinases that regulate breast tumor cell growth, migration, and survival. The current study was intended to determine whether GDC-0941, an orally bioavailable class I selective PI3K inhibitor, enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in human breast cancer models &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A panel of 25 breast tumor cell lines representing HER2+, luminal, and basal subtypes were treated with GDC-0941, docetaxel, or the combination of both drugs and assayed for cellular viability, modulation of PI3K pathway markers, and apoptosis induction. Drug combination effects on cellular viability were also assessed in nontransformed MCF10A human mammary epithelial cells. Human xenografts of breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumors were used to assess efficacy of GDC-0941 and docetaxel &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Combination of GDC-0941 and docetaxel decreased the cellular viability of breast tumor cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; but to variable degrees of drug synergy. Compared with nontransformed MCF10A cells, the addition of both drugs resulted in stronger synergistic effects in a subset of tumor cell lines that were not predicted by breast cancer subtype. In xenograft models, GDC-0941 enhanced the antitumor activity of docetaxel with maximum combination efficacy observed within 1 hour of administering both drugs. GDC-0941 increased the rate of apoptosis in cells arrested in mitosis upon cotreatment with docetaxel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; GDC-0941 augments the efficacy of docetaxel by increasing drug-induced apoptosis in breast cancer models. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(14); 3901–11. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Deterministic integration of single nitrogen-vacancy centers into nanopatch antennas (2019)

Quantum emitters coupled to plasmonic nanoantennas produce single photons at unprecedentedly high rates in ambient conditions. This enhancement of quantum emitters' radiation rate is based on the existence of optical modes with highly sub-diffraction volumes supported by plasmonic gap nanoantennas. Nanoantennas with gap sizes on the order of few nanometers have been typically produced using various self-assembly or random assembly techniques. Yet, the difficulty of controllably fabricate nanoantennas with the smallest mode sizes coupled to pre-characterized single emitters until now has remained a serious issue plaguing the development of quantum plasmonic devices. We demonstrate the transfer of nanodiamonds with single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers to an epitaxial silver substrate and their subsequent deterministic coupling to plasmonic gap nanoantennas. Through fine control of the assembled nanoantenna geometry, a dramatic shortening of the NV fluorescence lifetime was achieved. We furthermore show that by preselecting NV centers exhibiting a photostable spin contrast, a coherent spin dynamics can be measured in the coupled configuration. The demonstrated approach opens unique applications of plasmon-enhanced quantum emitters for integrated quantum information and sensing devices.
Berichtigung: Vicinal Disulfide Constrained Cyclic Peptidomimetics: a Turn Mimetic Scaffold Targeting the Norepinephrine Transporter (2018)

In dieser Zuschrift wurde der Name eines Autors falsch geschrieben. “Joe Kennerly” ist durch “Joseph Kennerley” zu ersetzen.
Solution Structures of the cis- and trans-Pro30 Isomers of a Novel 38-Residue Toxin from the Venom of Hadronyche Infensa sp. that Contains a Cystine-Knot Motif within Its Four Disulfide Bonds, (2002)

The primary sequence and three-dimensional structure of a novel peptide toxin isolated from the Australian funnel-web spider Hadronyche infensa sp. is reported. ACTX-Hi:OB4219 contains 38 amino acids, including eight-cysteine residues that form four disulfide bonds. The connectivities of these disulfide bonds were previously unknown but have been unambiguously determined in this study. Three of these disulfide bonds are arranged in an inhibitor cystine-knot (ICK) motif, which is observed in a range of other disulfide-rich peptide toxins. The motif incorporates an embedded ring in the structure formed by two of the disulfides and their connecting backbone segments penetrated by a third disulfide bond. Using NMR spectroscopy, we determined that despite the isolation of a single native homologous product by RP-HPLC, ACTX-Hi:OB4219 possesses two equally populated conformers in solution. These two conformers were determined to arise from cis/trans isomerization of the bond preceding Pro30. Full assignment of the NMR spectra for both conformers allowed for the calculation of their structures, revealing the presence of a triple-stranded antiparallel beta sheet consistent with the inhibitor cystine-knot (ICK) motif.
Integration of signal processing modules of hearing aids as real-time smartphone apps (2018)

Our research group has been working on developing an open source research platform for hearing improvement studies based on smartphones noting that currently no open source, programmable, and mobile research platform exists in the public domain for carrying out hearing improvement studies. Such a platform allows smartphones, which are already widely possessed and carried by people, to be used for the development and field testing of existing or new hearing improvement signal processing algorithms. A number of smartphones apps have already been developed by our research group for specific or individual modules of the speech processing pipeline of a typical digital hearing aid. This work covers the integration of several individual signal processing modules into an integrated smartphone app. The steps taken in order to enable the individual modules to run together in real-time and with low audio latency will be presented and a demo of the integrated app running on both iOS and Android smartphones will be shown.
Influence of the electric field on the alignment of carbon nanotubes during their growth and emission (2012)

The problems of the electric field action on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during their growth and under the electron field emission conditions are considered. The relations determining the growth rate of an extended structure under the action of the electric field are established. The relation connecting the angle of orientation of a CNT inclined to the substrate surface and the applied electric field is used for computing current-voltage characteristics of the cathode consisting of inclined CNTs. The degree of deviation of these characteristics from the Fowler-Nordheim classic dependence is determined, on the one hand, by the parameters characterizing the CNT spread over the angles of inclination and, on the other hand, by the value of the Young modulus characterizing the bending stiffness of a nanotube. It is shown that in zero external electric field, a certain effect on the CNT orientation can be produced by the CNT potential relative to the substrate, which is due to the effect of the contact potential difference.
The Pseudorabies Virus UL11 Protein Is a Virion Component Involved in Secondary Envelopment in the Cytoplasm (2003)

Homologs of the small tegument protein encoded by the UL11 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 are conserved throughout all herpesvirus subfamilies. However, their function during viral replication has not yet been conclusively shown. Using a monospecific antiserum and an appropriate viral deletion and rescue mutant, we identified and functionally characterized the UL11 protein of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV). PrV UL11 encodes a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 10 to 13 kDa that is primarily detected at cytoplasmic membranes during viral replication. In the absence of the UL11 protein, viral titers were decreased approximately 10-fold and plaque sizes were reduced by 60% compared to wild-type virus. Intranuclear capsid maturation and nuclear egress resulting in translocation of DNA-containing capsids into the cytoplasm were not detectably affected. However, in the absence of the UL11 protein, intracytoplasmic membranes were distorted. Moreover, in PrV-DeltaUL11-infected cells, capsids accumulated in the cytoplasm and were often found associated with tegument in aggregated structures such as had previously been demonstrated in cells infected with a PrV triple-mutant virus lacking glycoproteins E, I, and M (A. R. Brack, J. M. Dijkstra, H. Granzow, B. G. Klupp, and T. C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 73:5364-5372, 1999). Thus, the PrV UL11 protein, like glycoproteins E, I, and M, appears to be involved in secondary envelopment.
People on the garbage dumps of Cairo: a toxicological in vivo model? (1995)

In the outskirts of Cairo, some 40,000 people live on garbage dumps. These people form a closed population whose socio-economic problems are identical. The pollutants are evenly distributed. Up to 30% of the garbage on the polluted area, which cannot be recycled, is burned, resulting in a high concentration of pollutants in the environment. The concentrations of heavy metals, dioxins/furans, PCB, PAH in dust deposit and soil were measured as well as the air pollutants SO2, HCl and CO. It was shown that while the systemic immune system is only affected to a very small degree, secretory immunoglobulin A is strongly affected by the emissions. It could be demonstrated also an increased readiness for allergic respiratory disease, through the proof of hyperreactive mucous membranes. In the polluted area, 58% of the examined children were affected, whereas in the control area only 22% displayed a hyperreactive mucous membrane. Also the concentration of NANA (N-acetyl-N-neuraminic acid) in the serum, as a unspecific marker of cell irritation, was high in the serum of children from the polluted area. Most of the pollutants detected can also be observed in the industrialized regions, especially in combination with incinerating plants. In this way, this study suggests the synergistic effects of pollutants.
Understanding memory triggers for task tracking (2007)

Software can now track which computer applications and documents you use. This provides us with the potential to help end-users recall past activities for tasks such as status reporting. We describe findings from field observations of eight participants writing their status reports. We observed interesting trends, including the reliance on memory triggers, which were either retrieved from explicit self-reminders, from implicit breadcrumbs left while performing their tasks or directly from memory. Participants perceived spending relatively short amounts of time composing their status reports, suggesting that any technology solution must offer dramatic improvements over current practice.
A putative stemness biomarker gene set suggests γ-secretase inhibitor targets self-renewal and pluripotency programs in tumors (2008)

B41 Emerging evidence suggests that tumor initiating cell subpopulations bearing characteristics of stem cells may play an important role in drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis-- major challenges for today9s battle against cancer (1-8). Therefore, it is critical to identify biomarkers for assessing self-renewal and pluripotency programs, or “stemness”activity within tumors. However, it remains a challenge to reliably isolate pure stem cell-like subpopulations of cancer cells based on the activity of stemness using cell surface proteins. We report a novel approach to define a stemness signature by first identifying a set of genes whose expression levels are associated with the changes in self-renewal and pluripotency in both embryonic cells and tumor cell lines. The stemness gene is elevated in genetically manipulated tissue with elevated stem cells numbers. In human cancers, expression of the identified stemness genes is associated with distinct pathological phenotypes and the course of disease progression in breast cancer and chronic myelogenous leukemia. For instance, the expression of stemness genes was significantly anti-correlated with the probability of overall survival and metastasis free survival in retrospective analysis of breast cancer data. This correlation was supported by data from four independent studies. Therefore, our set of stemness genes may not only unveil the feature of stem cells within tumors, but also provide a novel measure of tumor progression and patient prognosis. Finally, we discovered that a γ-Secretase inhibitor (GSI) significantly down-regulated the stemness genes in T-ALL cell lines and in a murine model for breast cancer. These observations are in agreement with recent reports that Notch plays a critical role in regulating the fate of somatic stem cells, including its requirement to maintain the pluripotency and proliferative capacity of stem and progenitor cells at the base of gastrointestinal crypts. Our findings support the idea that GSIs target a sub-population of tumor cells with ectopic stemness activity. These cancer initiating cell sub-populations are thought to evade standard of care treatments with chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore it will be important to determine whether GSIs can provide increased clinical benefit when used in combination with cytotoxic therapies.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Skin-Test Infiltrating Lymphocytes Early Predict Clinical Outcome of Dendritic Cell–Based Vaccination in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 233K, Definition of criteria for SKIL culture evaluation: Three examples are shown to illustrate the definition of SKIL culture criteria. (A) Criterion III, one patient (IV-B-16-St) with a clear population of TAA-specific CD8+ T cells in SKIL cultures, which produce high levels of IFNg upon encounter of both the defined gp100 peptides and naturally processed gp100 presented by a HLA-A*02:01 positive melanoma cell line (Mel624). Moderate amounts of IL-2 are produced and minimal production of IL-5, representing a clear IFNg dominant cytokine profile. (B) Criterion II, a patient (IV-B-11-Ro) with TAA-specific CD8+ T cells in SKIL cultures which produce high levels of IFNg and IL-2 upon encounter of the gp100 peptide, but fail to recognize the naturally processed gp100. (C) Criterion I, a patient (IV-A-07-Th) with a population of TAA-specific CD8+ T cells in SKIL cultures, recognizing the g100-154 peptide, but not the naturally processed gp100. Furthermore, those TAA-specific CD8+ T cells do not produce IFNg but produce elevated levels of IL-5 instead, indicating that the immune system is skewed towards tumor tolerance&lt;/p&gt;
Development of Active Release Throwing Mechanism in Boccia Robot (2019)

We have proposed to use a robotic throwing device in Boccia that is a sport for the disabled. In this paper, we developed an active release throwing mechanism in order to reduce the difference in throwing distance when using balls with different softness. We conducted performance evaluation experiments.
Power System Dispatch with Electrochemical Energy Storage (2019)

Battery storage is essential for the future smart grid. The inevitable battery degradation renders the battery lifetime volatile and highly dependent on battery dispatch, and thus incurs opportunity cost. This paper rigorously derives the degradation cost function of battery storage for power system dispatch. We first derive the intertemporal optimality condition that guarantees the long-term dispatch optimality when short-term dispatch is made. Then we prove that the solution to a cost-form dispatch model implies this intertemporal optimality condition and thus is also optimal from the long-term perspective. The derived unit degradation cost is time-variant to reflect the time value of money and takes the form of a constant value (the marginal cost of usage) divided by a discount factor. In case studies, we demonstrate the existence of an optimal value of the marginal cost of usage that corresponds to the optimal long-term dispatch outcome. We also show that the optimal marginal cost of usage depends on system and battery parameters, such as the marginal cost of the system and the battery cycle life.
New approach to global alignment in IC manufacturing based on a neural network model (1997)

One of the most crucial emerging challenges in lithography is achieving rapid and accurate alignment under a wide variety of conditions brought about by the different overlying films occluding the marks. The problem is exacerbated by planarizing processes such as chemical mechanical polishing that reduce the topographical contrast used to view the marks and by distortion of the wafer and of the stage. Thus an effective learning process is needed to rapidly acquire the best possible positional information from an array of the marks across the wafer. In this paper, a neural network model for global alignment is described. This method has significant advantages including robustness to measurement noises and other random disturbances. Stage distortion can also be easily included in the model, resulting in more accuracy in the presence of a known repeatable distortion. The process can learn to identify and ignore any alignment marks that yield significantly erratic signals. Different approaches for training of the system will be discussed. A few common distortion functions will also be used to test the model. Preliminary simulation results show very accurate alignment in the presence of noise and distortion. In addition the simulations show that stage distortion has no effect on the results. In other words, increasing stage distortion amplitude will not change the positional accuracy in a given time.