gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Anti Angiogenic Therapy in Prevention of Recurrence in Hormonal Positive Breast Cancer: A Secondary Prevention Strategy and Method of Therapy (2017)

Existing literature supports the role of signaling protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor growth and metastasis and furthers its involvement in recurrence. In both experimental and clinical studies, VEGF has been shown to be a significant factor involved for aberrant blood vessel growth, and in fact is the target of several classes of antineoplastic drugs [1] [2] [3] [4]. That said, the current standard of care for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (although improved over the last decade), has not provided a “meaningful preventive shift” since the discovery of angiogenesis and its role in induction of recurrence. In this article, we discuss an anti angiogenic therapy implementing natural compounds to inhibit the production of VEGF. We applied our preclinical data to justify the predicted effect on VEGF. We used liquid biopsy to monitor patients response to therapy as a surrogate for recurrence. We hypothesize that by inhibition of angiogenesis through this protocol, we are able to positively impact tumor recurrence. It is our experience that patients in our sample even with high recurrence scores (based on Oncotype Dx testing) had a major reduction in recurrence when estrogen blockers were combined with this protocol. We also propose longitudinal studies to compare outcomes with combinational therapies with estrogen blockers in highly expected to recur disease.
Structurally variable cyclopolymers with excellent etch resistance and their application to 193-nm lithography (2000)

We report on the development and exploitation of a new type of chemically amplified resist for 193 nm microlithography. The approach has great versatility as it involves a general structure amenable to radical cyclopolymerization that contains easily interchanged ester functionalities. As the mechanism of polymerization involves free radicals, changes may be made either in the polymerization conditions or in the monomer feed to adjust variables such molecular weight or etch resistance. The latter property is favorably influenced by the formation of new ring structures during polymerization. Variations in the nature of the ester moieties contained in the monomer area easily accomplished to modify the imaging characteristics, surface properties, or etch resistance of the polymers. We report the preparation of a number of novel polymer and copolymer structures and their preliminary testing as resist candidates for 193 nm lithography.
Influence of Fat Crystallization on the Stability of Flocculated Emulsions (2002)

Various degrees of flocculation were induced in a 20 wt % n-hexadecane and confectionery-coating fat emulsion by adding xanthan gum (0-0.3 wt %). The emulsions were temperature cycled (40 to -10 to 40 to -10 degrees C) in a differential scanning calorimeter. The emulsified and de-emulsified fat crystallized at different temperatures, and the ratio of the two enthalpies was used to calculate the proportion of de-emulsified fat and hence the extent of breakdown of the emulsion. The n-hexadecane droplets were stable to temperature cycling, whereas the confectionery-coating fat destabilized to a greater or lesser extent. The maximum destabilization of the confectionery-coating fat occurred at those concentrations of xanthan required to induce creaming.
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Fuels for Advanced Applications: Evaluating and Modifying the Combustion Energy of Popular MOFs (2019)

Systematic investigation of combustion energies for popular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) reveals energy content comparable to conventional energetic materials and can be further modified and dine-tuned by polymorphism and isostructural ligand replacement to yield materials with energy densities comparable to Diesel or kerosene.
Computational simulation for lifting motion of musculoskeletal arm (2022)

Human movement is generated by the musculoskeletal mechanics under control of brain. Lifting motion is a common one among all kinds of motions. Although lifting motion for human beings is common, it is still challenging to simulate it computationally. This paper aims to simulate muscular activities of musculoskeletal arm during lifting motion process by the software OpenSim. To simulate the lifting motion of musculoskeletal arm precisely, six muscles are attached to skeletal system. In detail, these six muscles are Biceps long head (BIClong), Biceps short head (BICshort), Brachialis (BRA), Triceps lateral head (TRIlat), Triceps long head (TRIlong), and Triceps medial head (TRImed). From the experimental results, it can be seen that muscles realize the lifting motion by acting antagonistically. Meanwhile, due to the muscles named BIClong and BICshort, also TRIlat and Trimmed have similar length and close insertion onto skeletal system, the curves of their total fiber force at different shoulder joint and elbow joint angels own the similar shapes.
A multi-directional backlight for a wide-angle, glasses-free 3D display (2013)

Here we describe a diffractive backlight for a multi-view 3D display technology ideally suited for mobile applications. The backlight supports full-motion parallax in a wide view zone, and can be fabricated at low cost.
Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux‐Based Modulation of Sialic Acid (2017)

This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. This premise was supported by treating cells with butanolylated ManNAc to increase sialylation, which in turn increased esterase activity. By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. Measurement of mRNA and protein confirmed that esterase activity was controlled through glycosylation and not through transcription or translation. Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events.
Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Plant Species In The Wild: Object Detection as A Reinforced Means of Attention (2021)

Plant species identification in the wild is a difficult problem in part due to the high variability of the input data, but also because of complications induced by the long-tail effects of the datasets distribution. Inspired by the most recent fine-grained visual classification approaches which are based on attention to mitigate the effects of data variability, we explore the idea of using object detection as a form of attention. We introduce a bottom-up approach based on detecting plant organs and fusing the predictions of a variable number of organ-based species classifiers. We also curate a new dataset with a long-tail distribution for evaluating plant organ detection and organ-based species identification, which is publicly available.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Iodinated 5′‐Deoxyxylofuranosyl Nucleoside from an Okinawan Ascidian, Diplosoma sp. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibacterial activity and safety of commercial veterinary cationic steroid antibiotics and neutral superoxidized water (2018)

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria common to the ocular surface is an evolving problem. Thus, novel treatment options with new modes of action are required. We investigated the antibacterial activity and safety of three commercially available topical veterinary ophthalmic products (cationic steroid antibiotics, products A and B, and a neutral superoxidized water, product C) to determine their potential use as antimicrobial alternatives. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the three products were determined against 17 antibiotic resistant bacterial clinical isolates from the ocular surface. Using a standard cytotoxicity assay, the products at varying concentrations were evaluated with a corneal fibroblast cell line and a macrophage-like cell line to determine their potential toxic effect in vitro. The commercial ophthalmic solutions, ofloxacin 0.3%, tobramycin 0.3% and gentamicin 0.3% were used as positive controls for the MIC and tobramycin 0.3% was used as positive control for the cytotoxicity assays. For the MIC, Product C showed no inhibition of growth for any organisms, while Products A and B showed inhibition of growth similar to slightly less than the positive controls. For the cytotoxicity assays, Product C exhibited minimal toxicity while Products A and B exhibited toxicity similar to the controls. In conclusion, Product C had no antibacterial activity in these assays, while Products A and B had antibacterial profiles similar to slightly less than common topical ophthalmic antibiotics and cytotoxicity profiles similar to common topical ophthalmic antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antibacterial activity and safety of the cationic steroid antibiotics and superoxidized water.
The Effect Of Doxorubicin On Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Degradation (2019)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anthracycline chemotherapy agent associated with several adverse side effects including cardiotoxicity. Although the mechanism responsible for the cardiotoxic effects of DOX has yet to be fully elucidated, the leading theory is that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cardiomyocytes and leads to cell death. ROS play a role in the expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Normally, MMP activity is regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We hypothesized that DOX treatment would lead to overexpression of MMPs or underexpression of TIMPs, which would compromise the integrity of the myocardial ECM and disrupt cardiac function. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of DOX on MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 expression in rat cardiac tissue. METHODS: At 20 weeks of age, Sprague Dawley rats received a bolus injection of DOX (12 mg/kg; n=6) or saline (0.9%; n=8) as a control. Five days post-injection, cardiac tissue was collected from each animal, homogenized, and standardized for protein content. Samples were analyzed for expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 using western blotting with enhanced chemiluminescence. All results were normalized to GAPDH. Data were analyzed using a Student’s T-Test (α=0.05). RESULTS: Results showed significantly lower expression of MMP-9 in cardiac tissue from animals treated with DOX relative to the control (p = 0.0068). There was no significant difference in expression of MMP-2 (p = 0.8757) or TIMP-2 (p = 0.2266) between groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that treatment with DOX significantly reduced the expression of MMP-9, contradicting our hypothesis. A potential explanation for these findings is that there is an intermediate factor affecting MMP-9 expression. Future studies should profile all components of MMP/TIMP signaling during DOX treatment.
MR Imaging Features of Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast (2002)

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma may be detected on MR imaging as solitary or multiple lesions that correspond to tumor morphology on pathologic examination. The appearance of multiple lesions or of enhancing fibroglandular breast elements on MR imaging is suggestive of infiltrating lobular carcinoma.
Surfactant-Substitution beim schweren Atemnotsyndrom Frühgeborener < 1000 g (1990)

19 preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were treated with a single dose of natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf, 200 mg/kg). 9 patients had a birth weight of less than 1000 g (845 +/- 112 g, mean +/- SD and the mean gestational age was 27.2 +/- 2.1 weeks). The other 10 had a birth weight of greater than 1000 g (1521 +/- 218 g and a mean gestational age 31 +/- 2.8 weeks). Age at treatment was 3 h in infants less than 1000 g and 4 h in patients greater than 1000 g. Both groups of infants showed a rapid improvement in oxygenation and gas exchange within minutes after surfactant replacement. Exposition to greater than 60% and greater than 40% oxygen was identical in both groups. However, time in greater than 21% oxygen was significantly longer in infants less than 1000 g (median 30 days, 8.5 days in patients greater than 1000 g, p less than 0.01). The duration of mechanical ventilation was 33 days, in patients greater than 1000 g and 5 days; p less than 0.01. None of the infants developed a pneumothorax, but 6 out of 9 patients less than 1000 g developed mild bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 2 infants less than 1000 g died at day 5 and day 11 from cardio-circulatory arrest following ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus, and nosocomial septicaemia, respectively. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and exposure to oxygen in patients less than 1000 g cannot be attributed to surfactant deficiency alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Modular Base Station Architecture for Massive MIMO with Antenna and User Scalability per Processing Node (2018)

Massive MIMO is key technology for the upcoming fifth generation cellular networks (5G), promising high spectral efficiency, low power consumption, and the use of cheap hardware to reduce costs. Previous work has shown how to create a distributed processing architecture, where each node in a network performs the computations related to one or more antennas. The required total number of antennas, M, at the base station depends on the number of simultaneously operating terminals, K. In this work, a flexible node architecture is presented, where the number of terminals can be traded for additional antennas at the same node. This means that the same node can be used with a wide range of system configurations. The computational complexity, along with the order in which to compute incoming and outgoing symbols is explored.
Threshold compression for 3G scalable monitoring (2012)

We study the problem of scalable monitoring of operational 3G wireless networks. Threshold-based performance monitoring in large 3G networks is very challenging for two main factors: large network scale and dynamics in both time and spatial domains. A fine-grained threshold setting (e.g., perlocation hourly) incurs prohibitively high management complexity, while a single static threshold fails to capture the network dynamics, thus resulting in unacceptably poor alarm quality (up to 70% false/miss alarm rates). In this paper, we propose a scalable monitoring solution, called threshold-compression that can characterize the location- and time-specific threshold trend of each individual network element (NE) with minimal threshold setting. The main insight is to identify groups of NEs with similar threshold behaviors across location and time dimensions, forming spatial-temporal clusters to reduce the number of thresholds while maintaining acceptable alarm accuracy in a large-scale 3G network. Our evaluations based on the operational experience on a commercial 3G network have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed solution. We are able to reduce the threshold setting up to 90% with less than 10% false/miss alarms.
Abstract 2000: Systemic and tumor associated IL-8 correlates with resistance to PD-L1 blockade (2020)

Abstract Elevated plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a poor prognostic factor for many cancers. However, the association of IL-8 with clinical outcomes to checkpoint inhibition has not been comprehensively evaluated in randomized studies. Moreover, the source of IL-8 and the underlying biology that influences resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors remain unknown. Here we analyzed circulating IL-8 protein in plasma, and IL8 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumors of patients treated with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1 mAb), from multiple randomized trials in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). High levels of IL-8 in plasma, PBMCs and tumors, were associated with decreased efficacy in mUC and mRCC patients treated with atezolizumab, even in tumors that were classically CD8+ T cell inflamed. mUC patients treated with atezolizumab, but not with chemotherapy, who experienced an on-treatment decrease in plasma IL-8, exhibited improved overall survival. IL-8 is primarily expressed in circulating and intratumoral myeloid cells, and high IL8 expression was associated with the downregulation of the antigen presentation machinery in myeloid cells. A better understanding of IL-8-mediated myeloid inflammation in curtailing responses to checkpoint inhibitors is essential for developing new therapies for patients. Citation Format: Kobe Yuen, Lifen Liu, Congfen Li, Deepali Rishipathak, Patrick Williams, Edward Kadel, Hartmut Koeppen, Shravan Madireddi, Shilpa Keerthivasan, Ying-Jun Chen, Zora Modrusen, Romain Banchereau, Ning Leng, Priti Hegde, Mahrukh Huseni, Sanjeev Mariathasan. Systemic and tumor associated IL-8 correlates with resistance to PD-L1 blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2000.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade, Immunogenic Chemotherapy or IFN-α Blockade Boost the Local and Abscopal Effects of Oncolytic Virotherapy (2017)

Athough the clinical efficacy of oncolytic viruses has been demonstrated for local treatment, the ability to induce immune-mediated regression of distant metastases is still poorly documented. We report here that the engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus VV<sub>WR</sub>-TK<sup>-</sup>RR<sup>-</sup>-Fcu1 can induce immunogenic cell death and generate a systemic immune response. Effects on tumor growth and survival was largely driven by CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and immune cell infiltrate in the tumor could be reprogrammed toward a higher ratio of effector T cells to regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. The key role of type 1 IFN pathway in oncolytic virotherapy was also highlighted, as we observed a strong abscopal response in <i>Ifnar</i><sup>-/-</sup> tumors. In this model, single administration of virus directly into the tumors on one flank led to regression in the contralateral flank. Moreover, these effects were further enhanced when oncolytic treatment was combined with immunogenic chemotherapy or with immune checkpoint blockade. Taken together, our results suggest how to safely improve the efficacy of local oncolytic virotherapy in patients whose tumors are characterized by dysregulated IFNα signaling. <i>Cancer Res; 77(15); 4146-57. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis along the Nile River North of Khartoum (Sudan) in the Aftermath of an Epidemic in 1985 (1993)

Based on a pilot clinical study of the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) among school children in villages on both banks of the Nile River north of Khartoum, Sudan in the aftermath of a 1985 epidemic, we studied a random sample (303 individuals) from one of these villages to determine the prevalence of infection and exposure to CL. Four percent of the population had active CL lesions, 47% had healed lesions, and another 43% reacted positively to sensitization with leishmanin in the absence of past or active CL lesions. Ninety-one percent of the total population reacted positively to leishmanin. The present status of CL in the area and possible reasons for the emergence of the epidemic are discussed, and gaps in our knowledge about the epidemic are identified.
Toxins in pain (2018)

Toxins have evolved to induce or inhibit pain by targeting a broad range of ion channels and receptors, including NaV, CaV, KV, TRP, ASIC, P2X, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, NET and GPCRs. These toxins bind to specific sites to stimulate or inhibit the activity of these membrane proteins. Toxins continue to yield some of the most exciting leads for developing novel nonopioid analgesics.
Composition and Functional Properties of an Unusual Proteinaceous Fibrous Material from Cucumber Fermentation (1998)

The composition and functional properties of an unusual proteinaceous fibrous material that developed on the surface of cucumber fermentation brines were investigated. Protein, ash, oil, total carbohydrate, and moisture contents of the fermentation brine protein (FBP) were 72.5, 3.2, 0.7, 20.2, and 3.0%, respectively. SDS−PAGE revealed two major components with molecular masses >200 kDa. FBP was a good source of essential amino acids. Solubility of FBP in water was 8.0, 0.0, 2.4, 34.4, and 57.1% at pH 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0, respectively. The foaming capacity of FBP was higher than that of egg albumen at pH 8.0 (30.0 versus 5.5 mL) and pH 10.0 (35.5 versus 7.0 mL). The emulsifying activity of FBP was less than that of bovine serum albumin at all pH values except for pH 6.0. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that FBP was stable up to 130 °C under experimental conditions. Keywords: Pickle protein exudate; composition; amino acids; foaming; emulsifying
Isolation of Cyclopropenylidene–Lithium Adducts: The Weiss–Yoshida Reagent (2006)

Glück gehört dazu: Schon in den 1970er Jahren kannten sowohl Yoshida als auch Weiss die richtige Cyclopropenium-Vorstufe. Mit dem passenden Gegenion hätten sie das erste Carben-Lithium-Addukt erhalten (siehe Schema; C schwarz, N blau, O rot, Li rosa, B gelb, F grün), und mit der richtigen Kombination aus Base und Gegenion hätten sie das erste in freiem Zustand beständige Carben isoliert.
When to pull data from sensors for minimum Distance-based Age of incorrect Information metric (2022)

The age of Information (AoI) has been introduced to capture the notion of freshness in real-time monitoring applications. However, this metric falls short in many scenarios, especially when quantifying the mismatch between the current and the estimated states. To circumvent this issue, in this paper, we adopt the age of incorrect information metric (AoII) that considers the quantified mismatch between the source and the knowledge at the destination while tracking the impact of freshness. We consider for that a problem where a central entity pulls the information from remote sources that evolve according to a Markovian Process. It selects at each time slot which sources should send their updates. As the scheduler does not know the actual state of the remote sources, it estimates at each time the value of AoII based on the Markovian sources' parameters. Its goal is to keep the time average of the AoII function as small as possible. For that purpose, We develop a scheduling scheme based on Whittle's index policy. To that extent, we use the Lagrangian Relaxation Approach and establish that the dual problem has an optimal threshold policy. Building on that, we compute the expressions of Whittle's indices. Finally, we provide some numerical results to highlight the performance of our derived policy compared to the classical AoI metric.