gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Origin of Recombination Losses After Co-Plating of Bifacial Solar Cells: In-Depth Microstructure Study (2021)

Contactless plating with electroless solutions can provide self-aligned high-efficiency contacts with very low silver content, using simple and inexpensive equipment. With prior surface activation, it can even be used to metallize both sides of bifacial silicon solar cells simultaneously. However, we observe in such a coplating process with nickel, where surface activation is achieved by immersion plating and thickening by electroless plating, that V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> and fill factor can sometimes significantly decrease with immersion-plating time. To understand the reason for this electrical degradation, we studied the impact of immersion plating on the microstructure of the plated silicon surface. The evolution of the Si-Ni interface was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and scanning spreading resistance microscopy. Our attention focused on metal in-diffusion, silicon roughening and etching as the origin for increased recombination. Etching was found to have a significant impact on V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> . The thickness of N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> Si etched during Ni deposition can in fact suppress in a few locations most of the field-effect passivation underneath the contacts. This means that a thicker surface field with doping beyond 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> must be foreseen under the plated areas, or that the amount of Si lost in the reaction must be reduced. Our observations also confirm that immersion plating can hinder silicide formation and allow Ni in-diffusion, which may be a concern for reliability.
Epitaxial Overgrowth of 4H-SiC for Devices with p-Buried Floating Junction Structure (2005)

The epitaxial overgrowth process was examined with a view to realizing the p-buried floating junction structure. The growth condition was investigated to reduce the p-type impurity contamination and to minimize the auto-doping. Total p-type impurity concentration was reduced to 1/50 of the n-type carrier concentration of the drift layers. The buried p-type floating structure was realized for the first time, using 4H-SiC material.
Apoptosis and inflammatory disease: osteoarthritis (1999)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive erosion of articular cartilage as well as thickening of subchondral bone. Almost 30% of the US population between the ages of 25–74 have radiographic OA of the hand and over 30% of the population aged 63–93 have radiographic OA of the knee [25, 41]. Currently, the disease is treated with anti-inflammatory or analgesic therapy because no disease-modifying drugs are yet available. Hallmarks of the disease include a reduction in chondrocyte (cartilage cell) cell number [44, 69], an increase in number of degenerative chondrocytes (fragmented cells, lipid droplets, nuclear clumping and loss of organelles) [73], uncontrolled matrix degradation and articular cartilage swelling.
HNMT Upregulation Induces Cancer Stem Cell Formation and Confers Protection against Oxidative Stress through Interaction with HER2 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2022)

Therefore, HNMT upregulation in NSCLC cells may upregulate HER2 expression, increasing tumorigenicity and chemoresistance through CSCs maintenance and antioxidant properties. This newly discovered regulatory axis may aid in retarding NSCLC progression and chemoresistance.
Effect of Liquid Ventilation on Preterm Lamb Tracheal Mechanics (1983)

Liquid ventilation with fluorocarbon has been demonstrated as a viable mode of ventilatory support to preterm or distressed lambs. The effect of liquid ventilation and its high inflation pressures in proximal airways was evaluated on the mechanical behavior of the preterm trachea. 7 preterm lambs (134 +/- 1.5 SE days of gestation; 90% term) were ventilated with fluorocarbon (Rimar) for 58.6 +/- 8 min. The tracheae were dissected and the ventilated, distal segments were compared to nonventilated proximal segments. Pressure-volume curves were determined by plethysmography and specific tracheal compliance was computed. Tracheal dimensions increased 13.6 and 25.6% in diameter and volume (p less than 0.05), respectively, and the compliance decreased 29.9% (p less than 0.05). The magnitude of these changes is comparable to that observed during gaseous ventilation of term animals.
Capillary electrophoresis/ion trap mass spectrometry: Achieving ultra-low detection limits (1995)

Sensitivity remains an important issue in the on-line coupling of CE with MS. The small sample volumes typically analyzed by CE (less than 1-2% of the total column volume) result in high concentration detection limits and the various approaches, including assorted on-line preconcentration strategies, that have been taken to improve LODs often compromise either separation or MS performance. The authors have interfaced CE with a quadrupole ion trap to exploit its inherent advantages in duty cycle and MS/MS efficiency for high sensitivity analysis. Previous investigations using a conventional sheath flow electrospray source and 50 {mu}m i.d. columns showed that full scan detection limits for peptides were at the 10 fmole level. In view of the advantages that have been cited for small diameter columns in on-line analysis, the authors have evaluated sheathless electrospray sources using small diameter gold-tipped capillaries. By optimizing ionization efficiency and enhancing trapping efficiency significant improvements in sensitivity have been obtained.
Strained Ge0.99 Si0.01 Modulator Arrays for Integrated Broadband Modulation (2020)

A one-for-all strained Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.99</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.01</sub> modulator arrays design is proposed to cover a broad telecommunication band with multiple modulators designed and fabricated simultaneously in a simplified lithography and patterning flow. This strain engineering innovation is applicable to III-V materials for light-emitting, photodetecting, and sensing applications.
A tissue‐engineered suburethral sling in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence (2005)

Placing tissue-engineered slings in an animal model of SUI resulted in LPP values that were not significantly different from those in untreated control or SIS (S) groups. These data show that incorporating muscle stem cells into SIS slings does not adversely alter the advantageous mechanical properties of the SIS sling in a model of SUI, and provide the basis for future functional studies of tissue-engineered sling materials with long-term retention.
A high-speed photodetector based on He-plasma assisted MBE grown InGaAsP (2003)

Summary form only given. So far, most metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors operating at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m have been transit-time limited, requiring submicron interdigital lithography and submicron absorption thicknesses. Devices made from InGaAs have shown bandwidths of 12 GHz in a 100/spl times/100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ MSM and 18.5 GHz in a smaller area MSM. In this work, we have measured the impulse response and the microwave response of simple MSM photodetectors fabricated on He-MBE grown InGaAsP at 1.55 /spl mu/m and 1.3 /spl mu/m, respectively.
High-power cavity-based terahertz photoconductive sources for real-time terahertz imaging (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Reaching high average powers and room temperature operation for THz sources has become the key challenge for the uptake of THz applications that require real-time imaging. In this work, we show that by placing a photoconductive switch within a quasi-resonant cavity based on a metal-insulator-metal geometry, we are able to generate, at room temperature, average THz powers greater than of 200 µW, with the frequency of the THz emission centred at 1.5THz, specifications ideally adapted to NDT. We demonstrate proof-of-principle real-time THz imaging.
Coding & Statistical Characterization of Radar Signal Fluctuation for Lie Group Machine Learning (2019)

This paper describes new geometrical approaches to define the statistics of spatio-temporal measurements of the states of an electromagnetic wave, by using the notion of "average" state of this digital measurement as a Fréchet barycenter in a metric space to define and calculate a maximum entropy density (extension of the notion of Gaussian) to describe the fluctuations of the electromagnetic wave. The article will illustrate these new tools with examples of application in radar for the Doppler and spatio-temporal measurement of the electromagnetic wave by introducing a distance on the covariance matrices of the electromagnetic digital signal, based on the Koszul-Souriau-Fisher metric from Koszul Information Geometry and by applying Mean-Shift on this metric space or Lie Group Mean Shift considering data as elements of an homogeneous Manifold that could be represented by a Lie group .
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Fluorosqualenes and Fluoroepoxysqualenes as Inhibitors of Squalene Epoxidase and 2,3‐Oxidosqualene Cyclase. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical performance of variable attenuation in large-scale 3-D MEMS-based photonic cross-connects (2005)

The optical performance of variable attenuation by detuning the mirrors in a large-scale three-dimensional microelectromechanical-system-based photonic cross-connect for dense wavelength-division-multiplexed channel equalization is investigated. At attenuation levels up to 20 dB, better than 0.2-dB optical stability and 50-dB channel isolation are observed for both low- and high-angle connections. Penalty-free transmission is achieved for a cascade of attenuated paths when both the input and output mirrors are simultaneously detuned.
Strong Modulation of Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence of Quadripolar Dyes by (De)Protonation (2004)

Two quadripolar dyes have been designed and synthesized that present large cross sections for two-photon excitation and whose fluorescence responds strongly to (de)protonation. These dyes are considered as prototypes of molecular pH probes for multiphoton fluorescence microscopy.
Association of Genetic Variation Within UBL5 with Phenotypes of Metabolic Syndrome (2006)

The BEACON gene was initially identified using the differential display polymerase chain reaction on hypothalamic mRNA samples collected from lean and obese Psammomys obesus, a polygenic animal model of obesity. Hypothalamic BEACON gene expression was positively correlated with percentage of body fat, and intracerebroventricular infusion of the Beacon protein resulted in a dose-dependent increase in food intake and body weight. The human homolog of BEACON, UBL5, is located on chromosome 19p in a region previously linked to quantitative traits related to obesity. Our previous studies showed a statistically significant association between UBL5 sequence variation and several obesity- and diabetes-related quantitative physiological measures in Asian Indian and Micronesian cohorts. Here we undertake a replication study in a Mexican American cohort where the original linkage signal was first detected. We exhaustively resequenced the complete gene plus the putative promoter region for genetic variation in 55 individuals and identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one of which was novel. These SNPs were genotyped in a Mexican American cohort of 900 individuals from 40 families. Using a quantitative trait linkage disequilibrium test, we found significant associations between UBL5 genetic variants and waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.027), and the circulating concentrations of insulin (p = 0.018) and total cholesterol (p = 0.023) in fasted individuals. These data are consistent with our earlier published studies and further support a functional role for the UBL5 gene in influencing physiological traits that underpin the development of metabolic syndrome.
Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer (2019)

Patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have an average survival of less than 1 year, underscoring the importance of evaluating novel targets with matched targeted agents. We recently identified that poly (ADP) ribose glycohydrolase (PARG) is a strong candidate target due to its dependence on the pro-oncogenic mRNA stability factor HuR (<i>ELAVL1</i>). Here, we evaluated PARG as a target in PDAC models using both genetic silencing of PARG and established small-molecule PARG inhibitors (PARGi), PDDX-01/04. Homologous repair-deficient cells compared with homologous repair-proficient cells were more sensitive to PARGi <i>in vitro</i>. <i>In vivo</i>, silencing of PARG significantly decreased tumor growth. PARGi synergized with DNA-damaging agents (i.e., oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil), but not with PARPi therapy. Mechanistically, combined PARGi and oxaliplatin treatment led to persistence of detrimental PARylation, increased expression of cleaved caspase-3, and increased γH2AX foci. In summary, these data validate PARG as a relevant target in PDAC and establish current therapies that synergize with PARGi. SIGNIFICANCE: PARG is a potential target in pancreatic cancer as a single-agent anticancer therapy or in combination with current standard of care.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Basicity of a Metal‐Templated Broensted Base to Facilitate the Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition of Aliphatic Thiols to α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Acylpyrazoles. (2016)

Abstract Good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities are achieved at very low catalyst loadings of 0.2‐2.5 mol%.
Optical Broadband Angular Selectivity (2014)

We tailor the overlap of the bandgaps of multiple one-dimensional photonic crystals, each with a different periodicity, in such a way we enables transparency throughout the visible spectrum at one angle, the generalized Brewster angle, and reflection at every other viewing angle.
Synergy of Combining Methionine Restriction and Chemotherapy: The Disruptive Next Generation of Cancer Treatment (2023)

All cancer cell types are methionine-addicted, which is termed the Hoffman effect. Cancer cells, unlike normal cells, cannot survive without large amount of methionine. In general, when methionine is depleted, both normal cells and cancer cells synthesize methionine from homocysteine, but cancer cells consume large amounts of methionine and they cannot survive without exogenous methionine. For this reason, methionine restriction has been shown to be effective against many cancers in vitro and in vivo. Methionine restriction arrests cancer cells in the S/G<i><sub>2</sub></i>-phase of the cell cycle. Cytotoxic agents that act in the S/G<i><sub>2</sub></i>-phase are highly effective when used in combination with methionine restriction due to the cancer cells being trapped in S/G<i><sub>2</sub></i>-phase, unlike normal cells which arrest in G<i><sub>1</sub></i>/G<i><sub>0</sub></i>-phase. Combining methionine restriction and chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment is termed the Hoffman protocol. The efficacy of many cytotoxic agents and molecular-targeted drugs in combination with methionine restriction has been demonstrated. The most effective method of methionine restriction is the administration of recombinant methioninase (rMETase), which degrades methionine. The efficacy of rMETase has been reported in mice and human patients by oral administration. The present review describes studies on anticancer drugs that showed synergistic efficacy in combination with methionine restriction, including rMETase administration. It is proposed that the next disruptive generation of cancer chemotherapy should employ current therapy in combination with methionine restriction for all cancer types.
Optical error diffusion coding for analog-to-digital conversion (1991)

We propose an alternative to classical interferometric optical analog-to-digital conversion based on oversampling and error diffusion coding techniques that employs optical threshold and arithmetic operators, and describe a noninterferometric realization using multiple quantum well SEED devices, photodetectors, common optical components, and a novel approach to achieve noninterferometric optical subtraction. The analog input signal is first optically sampled at a rate much greater than the Nyquist frequency and is then quantized by a modulator that incorporates one-bit quantizers and linear filters in a negative feedback architecture for the purpose of reducing the in-band quantization noise. The output of the modulator is subsequently processed by a digital decimation filter that removes the out-of-band noise and generates a high resolution digital approximation to the analog input signal at the signal’s Nyquist rate. In the proposed realization, quantization is performed by optically bistable S-SEEDs while noninterferometric optical subtraction is accomplished by SEEDs using a technique known as optical level shifting.
Multihop Transmission Opportunity in Wireless Multihop Networks (2010)

Wireless multihop communication is becoming more important due to the increasing popularity of wireless sensor networks, wireless mesh networks, and mobile social networks. They are distinguished from conventional multihop networks in terms of scale, traffic intensity and/or node density. Being readily-available in most of 802.11 radios, multirate facility appears to be useful to address some of these issues and is particularly helpful in high-density scenarios where inter-node distance is short, demanding a prudent multirate adaptation algorithm. However, communication at high bit rates mandates a large number of hops for a given node pair and thus, can easily be depreciated as per-hop overhead at several layers of network protocol is aggregated over the increased number of hops. This paper presents a novel multihop, multirate adaptation mechanism, called Multihop Transmission OPportunity (MTOP), that allows a frame to be forwarded a number of hops consecutively but reduces the MAC-layer overhead between hops. This seemingly collision-prone multihop forwarding is proven to be safe via analysis and USRP/GNU Radio-based experiment. The idea of MTOP is in clear contrast to, but not mutually exclusive with, the conventional opportunistic transmission mechanism, referred to as TXOP, where a node transmits multiple frames back-to-back when it gets an opportunity. We conducted an extensive simulation study via ns-2, demonstrating the performance advantage of MTOP under a wide range of network scenarios.
Tumor-Specific Isoform Switch of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Underlies the Mesenchymal and Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas (2013)

FGFR2 IIIb RCCs represent misdiagnosed ccRCC cases, suggesting FGFR2 isoform testing can be used in the diagnosis of RCC subtypes. The finding of a prevalent isoform switch of FGFR2 in a tissue-specific manner holds promise for the future development of FGFR2-IIIc as a distinct early detection biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Evolution of Herbicide‐Resistant Weeds (1984)

The first generation of species-selective phenoxy herbicides went into use at the same time as modern antibiotics, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and new fungicides and rodenticides. No resistance has appeared to the still widely used phenoxy herbicides. However, resistance has developed, in many isolated areas around the world, to s-triazine herbicides and, in a few small areas, to bipyridillium herbicides. The parameters of population genetics that govern herbicide resistance and those that govern resistance of microorganisms and fungi to other xenobiotics are the same: generations, selection pressure and fitness. Even though generation times are longer with plants, a sufficient number has passed for resistance to be apparent. The only special factor that controls the development of herbicide resistance in weeds is the spaced germination of seed throughout many seasons. The reason that resistance has not developed to the phenoxy herbicides is probably because of a low effective selection pressure; germination of susceptible seeds occurs late in the season after the herbicide is biodegraded. The highly persistent triazines, and the monthly used, highly ephemeral bipyridillium, paraquat, have exerted much stronger selection pressures. Different modes of tolerance and resistance seem to have evolved in the same species. Crop and herbicide rotation can considerably delay the possibility of resistance development until it is effectively precluded.
Gas discharge tube-based variable RF attenuator (2016)

In this paper, tunable RF attenuation using low temperature plasma technology is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Specifically, gas discharge tubes (GDTs) are employed as plasma cells and their impedance is tuned from a high level (zero current or off-mode) to a low level (DC discharge current or on-mode). A proof-of-concept prototype with two independently-controlled GDTs in a series-shunt topology results in a continuously variable attenuator with maximum attenuation of 20±1 dB in the 0.5-1.2 GHz range. The proposed GDT-based approach may be employed as an RF attenuation technology particularly in emerging applications where conventional techniques cannot be used due to high temperature and/or power.
Nova generacija stentova uretre-Allium u terapiji simptomatskog uvecanja prostate razlicite etiologije (2007)

A number of urethral stents made of different materials, with different time of indwelling and different designs, primarily based on the vascular stent concept, have been applied in the clinical practice so far. According to the published studies, urethral stents have justified their clinical application, however with certain limitations. Within an attempt to overcome the limitations, a covered, temporary urethral stent was initially designed by Daniel Yachie and Ijko Markovi in Allium corporation from Israel. With its triangular shape, the stent is a replica of the obstructive prostatic urethral lumen. In has been applied in a series of 14 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by the obstruction at the level of the prostatic urethra. The subjects were averagely aged 77.4 +/- 5.1 years. Allium prostatic stent remained in place in the patients for 4.93 +/- 3.17 months, at the average.
Photonic Switching Device by Integration of Heterojunction Phototransistor and Laser Diode (1991)

There is an increasing interest in optical information processing and optical computing. In the fields, various optical functional devices such as a photonic switch and an optical amplifier are greatly demanded. Thus far, we have demonstrated that these optical functional devices can be achieved by the vertical and direct integration of electronic and optical devices such as a heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) and a light-emitting diode (LED).[1,2] Since the optical device at the output side was an LED, the optical gain and the output power were small. To improve the optical gain, a laser diode (LD) must be utilized for the optical device. Furthermore, the additional attractive features due to the lasing oscillation can be expected.