gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarized back- and frontlights for LCDs (2004)

New designs are presented of backlight systems for transmissive and transflective LCD’s based on stretched PET films with a well-defined micro-structure, which emit highly collimated or diffuse and linearly polarized light with a high efficiency. Moreover, edge-lit waveguide systems are discussed equipped slanted phase gratings which combine a range of desirable features such as a high transparency in direct view, a direct emission of light at normal angles to the plane of the waveguide and a purely unidirectional out-coupling of light towards the LCD-side. Moreover, these illumination systems emit colored, linearly polarized light which should contribute significantly to the energy efficiency of transmissive, transflective and reflective LCD displays.
Selbstassoziierende [2]‐Pseudorotaxane (1991)

Als Perle, aufgefädelt auf eine Perlschnur , läßt sich der Komplex aus dem tetrakationischen Cyclophan 1 und Hydrochinonpolyethern wie 2 beschreiben. Er entsteht spontan beim Vereinigen der Komponenten in Lösung und wird durch mehrere π‐π‐Wechselwirkungen zwischen den aromatischen Ringen stabilisiert. magnified image magnified image
Differential Cytotoxicity of Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose in Human Cancer and Normal Cell Lines of Various Origins (2016)

본 연구는 다당체의 한 종류인 penta-O-galloyl-<TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-D-glucose (PGG)가 사람의 여러 조직에서 기원하는 여러 암세포주(A-549, MDA-MB-231, U87-MG, MCF-7 및 PANC-1), 정상 MRC-5 태아 섬유아세포 그리고 사랑니에서 유래한 간엽줄기세포(DPSCs)에 미치는 세포독성 효과를 조사하였다. <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX>값은 다른 세포주에 비해 높은 증식률을 나타내는 A-549 및 MDA-MB-231 암세포주에서 유의적으로 낮게 관찰되었다. 10 uM의 PGG가 포함된 배양액에서 세포를 7일 동안 배양한 결과, 세포배가시간은 모든 세포주에서 유의적으로 늘어났고, 세포배가시간과 <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX>값의 관계를 조사한 결과, 세포배가시간이 늘어남에 따라 <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX>값은 비례적으로 증가됨을 증명하였다. 또한, 10 uM의 PGG로 처리된 세포주들은 노화와 관련된 <TEX>${\beta}-galactosidase$</TEX>의 활성도가 높게 관찰되었다. 특히, telomerase 활성도는 A-549 및 MDA-MB-231 암세포주에서 다른 세포주에 비하여 현저히 감소하는 것을 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 PGG는 높은 증식률을 보이는 암세포주에서 높은 세포독성효과를 나타내어 잠재적인 항암물질임을 증명하였다. The present study examined the cytotoxic effects of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-<TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-D-glucose (PGG), known as the pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose, in the various human cancer cell lines (A-549, MDA-MB-231, U87-MG, MCF-7 and PANC-1), normal MRC-5 fetal fibroblasts, and dental papilla tissue- derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs). Significantly (p<0.05) lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (<TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX>) values were observed in the A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells showing a high proliferation capacity, compared with other cancer and normal cell lines with a relatively low proliferation capacity. The population doubling time (PDT) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the <TEX>$10{\mu}M$</TEX> PGG-treated cell lines than those of untreated control cell lines. The present study demonstrated that the <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value increases proportionally to the extending PDT. A high cell number with senescence-associated <TEX>${\beta}-galactosidase$</TEX> activity was also observed in the <TEX>$10{\mu}M$</TEX> PGG-treated cells compared with those of untreated control cells. Moreover, the level of telomerase activity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with <TEX>$10{\mu}M$</TEX> PGG treatment, especially in A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells showing a high proliferation capacity. Based on these observations, PGG could serve as a potent agent for cancer chemotherapy, as its treatment was more effective in cells with a high proliferation capacity.
Fusion power production from TFTR plasmas fueled with deuterium and tritium (1994)

Peak fusion power production of 6.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 MW has been achieved in TFTR plasmas heated by deuterium and tritium neutral beams at a total power of 29.5 MW. These plasmas have an inferred central fusion alpha particle density of 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ without the appearance of either disruptive magnetohydrodynamics events or detectable changes in Alfv\'en wave activity. The measured loss rate of energetic alpha particles agreed with the approximately 5% losses expected from alpha particles which are born on unconfined orbits.
Hole Transport in p-Type ZnO (2006)

A two-band model involving the A- and B-valence bands was adopted to analyze the temperature dependent Hall effect measured on N-doped \textit{p}-type ZnO. The hole transport characteristics (mobilities, and effective Hall factor) are calculated using the ``relaxation time approximation'' as a function of temperature. It is shown that the lattice scattering by the acoustic deformation potential is dominant. In the calculation of the scattering rate for ionized impurity mechanism, the activation energy of 100 or 170 meV is used at different compensation ratios between donor and acceptor concentrations. The theoretical Hall mobility at acceptor concentration of $7 \times 10^{18}$ cm$^3$ is about 70 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ with the activation energy of 100 meV and the compensation ratio of 0.8 at 300 K. We also found that the compensation ratios conspicuously affected the Hall mobilities.
Open-circuit and short-circuit loss management in wide-gap perovskite p-i-n solar cells (2023)

In this work, we couple theoretical and experimental approaches to understand and reduce the losses of wide bandgap Br-rich perovskite pin devices at open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) and short-circuit current (J<sub>SC</sub>) conditions. A mismatch between the internal quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and the external V<sub>OC</sub> is detrimental for these devices. We demonstrate that modifying the perovskite top-surface with guanidinium-Br and imidazolium-Br forms a low-dimensional perovskite phase at the n-interface, suppressing the QFLS-V<sub>OC</sub> mismatch, and boosting the V<sub>OC</sub>. Concurrently, the use of an ionic interlayer or a self-assembled monolayer at the p-interface reduces the inferred field screening induced by mobile ions at J<sub>SC</sub>, promoting charge extraction and raising the J<sub>SC</sub>. The combination of the n- and p-type optimizations allows us to approach the thermodynamic potential of the perovskite absorber layer, resulting in 1 cm<sup>2</sup> devices with performance parameters of V<sub>OC</sub>s up to 1.29 V, fill factors above 80% and J<sub>SC</sub>s up to 17 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, in addition to a thermal stability T<sub>80</sub> lifetime of more than 3500 h at 85 °C.
Estimation of Particle Deposition in the Airways from Different Inhaler Formulations Using an In Silico Model (2011)

The objective of these studies was to evaluate the use of an in silico model for predicting lung deposition of inhaled therapeutic aerosols. A range of input data derived from our own in vitro data and published clinical studies was utilized. The in silico model ran simulations for these propellant driven metered dose inhaler formulations across a range of conditions. Firstly, a range of pressurized metered dose inhaler formulations were evaluated in the in silico model and compared to the in vitro aerosol performance data. Limitations of using in vitro cascade impaction data were observed. Then, using in vivo data from healthy human subjects using metered dose inhalers, lung deposition profiles were compared with the in silico model predictions. Despite differences in oropharyngeal deposition the model predicted lung deposition accurately. We conclude that the in silico model can be applied to various conditions for particulate based inhalation aerosol systems.
Supplementary Data from Loss of Function of DOCK4 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Stem Cells is Restored by Inhibitors of DOCK4 Signaling Networks (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure 1: A) Flow cytometry plots showing the levels of CD34 and CD90 following isolation of HSCs. B) Quantitation of percentages of CD34 and CD90 in HSCs. Data are mean {plus minus}SEM from three biological replicates. C) Photomicrograph of HSCs stained with benzidinehematoxylin (Scale bar, 10μM).&lt;/p&gt;
Electron-Donating Properties of Boratabenzene Ligands (2000)

The reaction of (C5H5B−R)Cp*ZrMe2 (Cp* = η5-C5Me5; R = NMe2 (4), OEt (5), Ph (6)) with B(C6F5)3 affords zwitterionic complexes of the type [(C5H5B−R)Cp*ZrMe][MeB(C6F5)3] (R = NMe2 (7), OEt (8), Ph (9)). The molecular structures of 7 and 9 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and they were found to be similar to those observed for standard group 4 metallocenes. The boratabenzene ligand in 7 more closely resembles an η5-pentadienyl fragment than in 9, where it is η6-bound. Variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy shows that ion-pair dissociation/recombination processes occur in solution. Data over large temperature ranges were obtained by the combination of line shape and spin saturation transfer techniques (100 °C for 4 and 5, 65 °C for 6). The rates of these processes give insight into how the orbital overlap between boron and the exocyclic group affects the rates of elementary reactions at the metal. The ΔH⧧ values for ion-pair dissociation/recombination were found to increase with decreasing donor strength of the substituent: 12.2(2), 12.6(1), and 17.6(3) kcal/mol for 7, 8, and 9, respectively. Exchange reactions between 9 and 4 reveal that 7 is formed exclusively, indicating that the aminoboratabenzene ligand can better accommodate the increased positive charge on the metal center. The dependence of the carbonyl stretching frequency on the extent of metal back-bonding in complexes of the type (C5H5B−R)Cp*Zr(CO)2 (R = NMe2 (10), OEt (11), Me (12), Ph (13)) and (C5H5B−R)2Zr(CO)2 (R = NMe2 (14), OEt (15), Me (16), Ph (17)) can also be used to gauge the electron density at Zr. Complexes 10−17 were prepared by reductive carbonylation of the corresponding dichlorides. The measured reduction potentials of the dichlorides, (C5H5B−R)2ZrCl2, show that it is progressively more difficult to reduce the metal center as the donor strength of the boratabenzene ligand increases. The dynamic NMR, IR, and electrochemical data are consistent with the notion that the donor properties in [C5H5B−R] ligands decrease in the order R = NMe2 > OEt ≈ Me > Ph.
Two-Way Visible Light Communication and Illumination With LEDs (2016)

Visible light communications (VLC) with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has attracted applications, such as data communications, lighting control, and light interaction. In this paper, we propose a system by which two LED devices are used for two-way VLC while also providing illumination. We consider Manchester encoding with on-off keying for transmission. A reception scheme in which the LEDs themselves are used as receivers by sensing in the OFF periods is considered. A synchronization scheme to achieve frame- and symbol-level synchronization is also proposed. A prototype of the proposed system is designed and the communication performance is evaluated.
A class of planar multi-band Wilkinson-type power divider with intrinsic filtering functionality (2015)

This paper focuses on the application of signal-interference techniques to develop planar multi-band Wilkinson-type power dividers. By inserting transversal signal-interference multi-band filtering cells into the branches of the classic Wilkinson-type power-divider scheme, multi-band power-splitting/combining actions with added filtering operation can be attained. Design formulas for this dual-behavior filtering/power-dividing device for a particular class of embedded multi-band filtering cell are provided. Moreover, a 1.6/3/4.4-GHz triple-band microstrip prototype is built and tested for practical validation.
Thin film absorbers for visible, near-infrared, and short-wavelength infrared spectra (2009)

In this study, the refractive indices were determined for Al2O3 films deposited with ALD, and amorphous Mo-Si-N films deposited with reactive sputtering. The measurements were made by spectroscopic reflectometry, ellipsometry, gonioreflectometry, and double-beam transfer standard spectrometry. Based on the results, two thin film absorbers were designed and manufactured: one for wavelengths of 350…1000 nm, the other for wavelengths of 1200…2000 nm. The manufactured absorbers showed high absorption over their whole working spectra varying from 93.4 % at the minimum to 99.9 % at the maximum. One of the absorbers was applied to a MEMS thermopile detector with successful process integration.
Best Practice Guidelines for Hip Arthroscopy in Femoroacetabular Impingement: Results of a Delphi Process (2019)

We developed the first national consensus-based BPG for the surgical and nonsurgical management of FAI. The resulting consensus items can serve as a tool to reduce the variability in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative practices and guide further research for the arthroscopic management of FAI.
GPU-friendly, Parallel, and (Almost-)In-Place Construction of Left-Balanced k-d Trees (2022)

We present an algorithm that allows for building left-balanced and complete k-d trees over k-dimensional points in a trivially parallel and GPU friendly way. Our algorithm requires exactly one int per data point as temporary storage, and uses O(log N) iterations, each of which performs one parallel sort, and one trivially parallel CUDA per-node update kernel.
Pulmonary microRNA profiles identify involvement of Creb1 and Sec14l3 in bronchial epithelial changes in allergic asthma (2017)

Asthma is highly prevalent, but current therapies cannot influence the chronic course of the disease. It is thus important to understand underlying early molecular events. In this study, we aimed to use microRNAs (miRNAs) - which are critical regulators of signaling cascades - to identify so far uncharacterized asthma pathogenesis pathways. Therefore, deregulation of miRNAs was assessed in whole lungs from mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI). In silico predicted target genes were confirmed in reporter assays and in house-dust-mite (HDM) induced AAI and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) cultured at the air-liquid interface. We identified and validated the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element binding protein (Creb1) and its transcriptional co-activators (Crtc1-3) as targets of miR-17, miR-144, and miR-21. Sec14-like 3 (Sec14l3) - a putative target of Creb1 - was down-regulated in both asthma models and in NHBE cells upon IL13 treatment, while it's expression correlated with ciliated cell development and decreased along with increasing goblet cell metaplasia. Finally, we propose that Creb1/Crtc1-3 and Sec14l3 could be important for early responses of the bronchial epithelium to Th2-stimuli. This study shows that miRNA profiles can be used to identify novel targets that would be overlooked in mRNA based strategies.
Applications of Random Walks Utilizing Neuromorphic Computing. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
AWIJ CUTTING OF STRUCTURES MADE OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS FOR THE CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2009)

Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. The damage of the heart muscle’s tissue is irreversible since cardiomyocytes do not have the capability to divide, and therefore myocardial regeneration does not take place. A surgical approach for therapy is the substitution of damaged heart tissue by a decellularized and revascularized small intestine mucosa. For the right ventricle and the atria (pressures ≤ 40-60 mmHg) the substitution of the damaged area could already be realized in animal studies. However, for the left ventricle (pressures up to 240 mmHg) the mechanical strength of these myocardial grafts is not sufficient in the early stage after the surgery. In this work first results in the processing of stabilising structures made of magnesium alloys for the cardiovascular surgery by high precision AWIJ are presented. In detail the aspects of cutting strategy, geometrical design, cutting edge roughness and burr generation are discussed.
High Value Passive Component Integration in LTCC Technology (2007)

This paper presents the use of a unique component geometry to fabricate large valued inductors buried in an LTCC substrate. The large valued inductors presented create a self shielding buried component that require no external shields to isolate the inductor from other components in the circuit. As a demonstration of the usefulness of such a component, an example SAW filter matching circuit is discussed. The performance of the SAW filter and integrated matching circuit is also presented.
Autonomous Vehicle Parking in Dynamic Environments: An Integrated System with Prediction and Motion Planning (2022)

This paper presents an integrated motion planning system for autonomous vehicle (AV) parking in the presence of other moving vehicles. The proposed system includes 1) a hybrid environment predictor that predicts the motions of the surrounding vehicles and 2) a strategic motion planner that reacts to the predictions. The hybrid environment predictor performs short-term predictions via an extended Kalman filter and an adaptive observer. It also combines short-term predictions with a driver behavior cost-map to make long-term predictions. The strategic motion planner comprises 1) a model predictive control-based safety controller for trajectory tracking; 2) a search-based retreating planner for finding an evasion path in an emergency; 3) an optimization-based repairing planner for planning a new path when the original path is invalidated. Simulation validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of initial planning, motion prediction, safe tracking, retreating in an emergency, and trajectory repairing.
Obtention d'unités polyéniques : application à la synthèse de composés biologiquement actifs (2007)

Nos travaux de these ont ete axes vers la synthese d’enchainements polyeniques lineaires a l’aide de methodologies originales et l’application de celles-ci dans le cadre de la synthese de composes biologiquement actifs. Nous avons ainsi developpe une methode generale iterative d’acces a des esters polyeniques ω-hydroxyles a partir d’alcools homoallyliques, par le biais d’une sequence (coupure oxydante d’olefine/allylation/metathese/elimination). Les divers fragments polyeniques ainsi obtenus ont ensuite ete couples avec succes avec des acides piperidiniques derives de l’acide (R)-(–)-nipecotique, ce qui nous a permis d’acceder a divers analogues polyeniques du RWJ-53308, un agent antiplaquettaire d’origine synthetique. Nous avons par ailleurs mis au point une methode efficace d’acces a des dienes conjugues fonctionnalises par metathese croisee entre des esters ou des amides dieniques derives de l’acide sorbique et divers partenaires olefiniques, en presence du catalyseur de Grubbs-Hoveyda. Ces reactions se sont averees etre, dans la plupart des cas, stereo- et chimioselectives en faveur de la formation des produits de metathese dieniques correspondants de configuration (E,E). L’utilisation de cette methodologie a constitue l’une des etapes-cle qui nous ont permis de realiser avec succes la premiere synthese de l’acide pseudotrienique B, un agent antimicrobien isole de Pseudomonas incorporant un acide trienique de configuration (E,E,E) au sein de sa structure, selon une voie d’acces efficace et convergente, en 10 etapes a partir du sorbate de methyle (pour la sequence lineaire la plus longue) et avec un rendement global de 5,8%. Nous sommes egalement parvenus a realiser une synthese totale du FR252921, une macrolactone trienique egalement isolee de Pseudomonas qui possede une activite immunosuppressive, en 10 etapes a partir du sorbate de methyle et avec un rendement de 0,75%. La flexibilite de la strategie utilisee nous a en outre permis d’acceder a divers analogues trieniques du FR252921 naturel. Notre experience vis-a-vis de la preparation de composes polyeniques a aussi ete a l’origine de la synthese du monomere de la marinomycine A, un macrodiolide marin tetraenique possedant de puissantes activites antibiotiques et anticancereuses. Le monomere de la marinomycine A, qui contient tout les elements structuraux et stereochimiques du produit naturel, a pu etre obtenu efficacement selon une strategie convergente en 11 etapes a partir du (R)-(–)-3-hydroxybutyrate d’ethyle commercial, avec un rendement global de 15%. Les centres stereogenes des divers composes synthetises ont principalement ete installes par allyltitanation enantioselective, et les doubles liaisons ont ete introduites par metathese croisee ou par le biais de couplages pallado-catalyses de Stille.
Cytokine Inhibition in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2017)

Interleukin Foundation and an independent donor who wishes to remain anonymous.
An integrated architecture for global interconnects in a gigascale system-on-a-chip (GSoC) (2002)

An integrated architecture for global interconnects in a gigascale system-on-a-chip (GSoC) is presented using models for global signal, clock, and power supply wiring networks. Based on the models for wiring resource demand, noise limit, and bandwidth requirement, an interconnect design plane is proposed.
Real-Time Prediction of the Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drill-In Fluid Using Artificial Neural Networks (2019)

The rheological properties of drilling fluids are the key parameter for optimizing drilling operation and reducing total drilling cost by avoiding common problems such as hole cleaning, pipe sticking, loss of circulation, and well control. The conventional method of measuring the rheological properties are time-consuming and require a high effort for equipment cleaning, so they are only measured twice a day. There is a need to develop an automated system to measure the rheological properties in real-time based on the frequent measurements of mud density, Marsh funnel time, and solid percent. The main objective of this paper is to apply a modified self-adaptive differential evolution technique to determine the optimum combination of an artificial neural network’s variables to precisely predict the rheological properties of water-based drill-in fluid using the frequent measuring of mud density, Marsh funnel time, and solid percent. The second objective is whitening the black box of an artificial neural network by developing five new empirical correlations to determine the rheological properties without the need for the artificial neural network models. Actual field measurements (900 data points) were used to train, test, and validate the artificial neural network models and the developed empirical correlations. The optimization process illustrated that the best training function was Bayesian regularization backpropagation (trainbr), and the best transferring function was Elliot symmetric sigmoid (elliotsig). The optimum number of neurons was 30 for the plastic viscosity and the flow consistency index, while it was 29 for apparent viscosity, yield point, and the flow behavior index. The developed artificial neural network models and empirical correlations predicted the rheological properties with high accuracy. The correlation coefficient (R) was more than 90%, and the average absolute percentage error was less than 8.6%. The new technique for rheological properties estimation is an example of the new development which will help the new generation to discover and extract oil and gas with less cost and with safer operations.