gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the EphA4 and EphA7 genes in mediating the growth and aggressiveness of medulloblastoma tumors in the Smo/Smo medulloblastoma mouse model. (2014)

e22137 Background: Eph/ephrin signaling in numerous cancer systems promotes aspects of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Few studies, however, have investigated the role of Eph/ephrin signaling in medulloblastoma, an aggressive primitive neuroectodermal tumor originating from granule neuron precursors in the cerebellum. Here, we evaluated the effects of EphA4, EphA7, and ephrinA5 silencing on the radiographic tumor growth and development of medulloblastoma in vivo. Methods: We used the Smo/Smo transgenic mouse model bred to a doubly transgenic EphA4/EphA7 mouse model to evaluate the roles of EphA4 and EphA7 on medulloblastoma tumor growth. We similarly analyzed the effect of knockdown of ephrinA5, a high affinity binding ligand to both EphA4 and EphA7, on radiographic tumor development and progression. In the Smo/Smo model, regulation under the NeuroD2 promoter allows constitutive activation of Smoothened, a G protein-coupled receptor in the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway, in granule neuron precursors. EphA4 is expressed on Purkinje cells, while EphA7 and ephrinA5 expression are mostly limited to granule cells. Protein expression in tumor tissue dissected from mice with altered EphA4/EphA7 gene expression in the Smo/Smo transgenic animals was analyzed by Western blotting. Results: Serial MRI images of a total of 40 mice showed accelerated tumor onset and growth in mice with altered EphA4/EphA7 gene expression. Analysis of protein expression in tumor tissue dissected from mice with altered EphA4/EphA7 gene expression in the Smo/Smo transgenic animals showed corresponding changes in the expression of cyclinD1, PCNA, phospho-Akt, phospho-Erk, and Pax6, as well as changes in PARP cleavage. Analysis of approximately 50 MRI images from Smo/Smo mice bred to the ephrinA5 ligand showed no consistent effect on growth or progression of tumors. Conclusions: Knockdown of EphA4 and EphA7 genes results in radiographic acceleration of medulloblastoma tumor growth and progression in vivo.
Content-Management-Systeme der nächsten Generation (2009)

Der Traum vom „papierlosen Büro“ ist bereits mehr als 30 Jahre alt. Die Idee, durch die Einführung von Computern Papierberge in den Büros abzubauen, wurde schon in den siebziger Jahren geboren. Das Ziel, alles Papier zu verbannen, ist jedoch noch immer in weiter Ferne. So verdoppelt sich die Anzahl der Papier-Dokumente in Firmen alle zwei Jahre. Daneben sorgt die Durchdringung der IT im privaten und insbesondere im geschäftlichen Bereich für eine immense und rapide, zunehmende Datenflut. Content-Management-Systeme (CMS) sollen sowohl beim Abbau der Papierberge, als auch beim Umgang mit den Daten helfen. Jedoch ist es schwer mit den rasch steigenden Anforderungen, vor allem hinsichtlich der Datenmasse, mit moderaten Kosten Schritt zu halten.
Assessment of Lippia origanoides Essential Oils in a Salmonella typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model to Induce Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens (2021)

The objective of the present research was to evaluate dietary supplementation of essential oils from <i>Lippia origanoides</i> (LEO) on necrotic enteritis (NE). Chickens were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1: negative control; Group 2: positive control challenged with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (day 1), <i>Eimeria maxima</i> (day 18), and <i>C. perfringens</i> (CP, days 22-23); Group 3: dietary supplementation LEO and challenged. On d 25 of age, serum samples were collected to evaluate fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Group 3 showed a significant reduction of the harmful effects of induced infection/dysbiosis and a significant reduction in NE lesion scores, morbidity and mortality compared with the positive challenge control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with Group 2. Digested feed supernatant, supplemented with LEO and inoculated with CP, reduced CP burden (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Group 3 also exhibited a significant reduction in FITC-d, IFN-γ and IgA compared with Group 2. However, a significant increase SOD was observed in Group 3 compared with both control groups. Further investigation to compare the effect of LEO and the standard treatment of clostridial NE is required.
CO2 capture by anti-sublimation using integrated cascade system. (2011)

The Centre for Energy and Processes has been working since 10 years on CO2 capture from flue gases by frosting CO2 on low-temperature heat exchangers. The seven authors of this paper have been working for 3 to 10 years on this new process designed in order to recover the sublimation and the melting energy by the refrigerant blend itself. An integrated cascade, working with a blend of several hydrocarbons whose composition is adapted to the CO2 concentration of flue gases, generates the cooling capacity. The integrated cascade concept makes possible defrosting the low-temperature heat exchangers by the refrigerant blend itself allowing the recovery of a significant part of energy. The paper presents also the energy consumption for CO2 capture efficiency of 90% on a coal-fired power plant of 800 MWe. Furthermore, a description of the flue gas cooling and coldness recovery from 120°C down to -100°C is presented along with the gas cleaning options that can be implemented in those cooling units.
Multivalent Benzene Polyphosphate Derivatives are Non-Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-Mobilizing Ins(1,4,5)P<SUB>3</SUB> Receptor Antagonists (2012)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub><b>1</b>] mobilizes intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> through the Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> receptor [InsP<sub>3</sub>R]. Although some progress has been made in the design of synthetic InsP<sub>3</sub>R partial agonists and antagonists, there are still few examples of useful small molecule competitive antagonists. A "multivalent" approach is explored and new dimeric polyphosphorylated aromatic derivatives were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. The established weak InsP<sub>3</sub>R ligand benzene 1,2,4-trisphosphate [Bz(1,2,4)P<sub>3</sub><b>2</b>] is dimerized through its 5-position in two different ways, first directly as the biphenyl derivative biphenyl 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexakisphosphate, [BiPh(2,2',4,4',5,5')P<sub>6</sub><b>8</b>] and with its regioisomeric biphenyl 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexakisphosphate [BiPh(3,3',4,4',5,5')P<sub>6</sub><b>11</b>]. Secondly, a linker motif is introduced in a flexible ethylene-bridged dimer (<b>9</b>) with its corresponding 1,2-bisphosphate dimer (<b>10</b>), both loosely analogous to the very weak antagonist 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-<i>N,N,N',N</i>'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA <b>7</b>). In permeabilized L15 fibroblasts overexpressing type 1 InsP<sub>3</sub>R, BiPh(2,2',4,4',5,5')P<sub>6</sub> (<b>8</b>) inhibits Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> release in a apparently competitive fashion [IC<sub>50</sub> 187 nM] and the Bz(1,2,4)P<sub>3</sub> dimer (<b>9</b>) is only slightly weaker [IC<sub>50</sub> 380 nM]. Compounds were also evaluated against type I Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> 5-phosphatase. All compounds are resistant to dephosphorylation, with BiPh(2,2',4,4',5,5')P<sub>6</sub> (<b>8</b>), being the most effective inhibitor of any biphenyl derivative synthesized to date [IC<sub>50</sub> 480 nM] and the Bz(1,2,4)P<sub>3</sub> ethylene dimer (<b>9</b>) weaker [IC<sub>50</sub> 3.55 μM]. BiPh(3,3',4,4',5,5')P<sub>6</sub> (<b>11</b>) also inhibits 5-phosphatase [IC<sub>50</sub> 730 nM] and exhibits unexpected Ca<sup>2+</sup> releasing activity [EC<sub>50</sub> 800 nM]. Thus, relocation of only a single mirrored phenyl phosphate group in (<b>11</b>) from that of antagonist (<b>8</b>) does not markedly change enzyme inhibitory activity, but elicits a dramatic switch in Ca<sup>2+</sup>-releasing activity. Such new agents demonstrate the power of the multivalent approach and may be useful to investigate the chemical biology of signaling through InsP<sub>3</sub>R and as templates for further design.
ChemInform Abstract: A ONE‐DIMENSIONAL POLYMERIC RIBBON ALTERNATIVE TO THE AGGREGATION OF D8 ML4 FRAGMENTS (1984)

Abstract Während eckige ML4‐Fragmente trimerisieren wie in Os‐;(CO),3 oder flache wie [Pt(CN)4]3′ gestapelt werden, zeigen Metalle wie Co, Rh und lr(l) in alternativer Aggregation die Bildung eines unendlichen eindimensionalen Bandes mit der Stöchiometrie ML2X, wobei Leine neutrale Base ist und das Halogen X Metallatome in einer zickzack‐gebundenen Kette verbrückt.
Driving chemical interactions at graphene-germanium van der Waals interfaces via thermal annealing (2018)

Despite its extraordinary charge carrier mobility, the lack of an electronic bandgap in graphene limits its utilization in electronic devices. To overcome this issue, researchers have attempted to chemically modify the pristine graphene lattice in order to engineer its electronic bandstructure. While significant progress has been achieved, aggressive chemistries are often employed which are difficult to pattern and control. In an effort to overcome this issue, here we utilize the well-defined van der Waals interface between crystalline Ge(110) and epitaxial graphene to template covalent chemistry. In particular, by annealing atomically pristine graphene-germanium interfaces synthesized by chemical vapor deposition under ultra-high vacuum conditions, chemical bonding is driven between the germanium surface and the graphene lattice. The resulting bonds act as charge scattering centers that are identified by scanning tunneling microscopy. The generation of atomic-scale defects is independently confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, revealing significant densities within the graphene lattice. The resulting chemically modified graphene has the potential to impact next-generation nanoelectronic applications.
Coloration and Decoloration of Tungsten Phosphate Glasses by Heat Treatments at the Temperature Far below Tg under a Controlled Ambient (2006)

Reversible coloration−decoloration of tungsten phosphate glasses was observed by heat treatments at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C which were far below the Tg (570 °C) under the ambient with controlled partial pressure of hydrogen and/or water. The color center responsible for the coloration was found to be an electron-trapped W5+. The assignment was done by detecting an anisotropic ESR singlet of g = 1.7 and broad optical absorption bands extending from the visible to the near-infrared region. The charge compensator of W5+ was found to be H+. Mechanisms of the coloration by heat treatments under an ambient with the hydrogen-bearing species were proposed to be (1) decomposition of molecular water or hydrogen at the surface of the glasses, (2) selective dissolution of the generated hydrogen atom by the reaction with W6+ ions to form the W5+/H+ redox pair in the glasses, and (3) diffusion of the charge-compensating H+ into the glass. The decoloration process was expressed by the reverse reactions. The rate of the coloration−decoloration was found to be determined by the diffusion of the atomic hydrogen. The diffusion constant of the atomic hydrogen at 500 °C in the glass was found to be as large as 1.5 × 10-6 cm2/s.
Objective identification of dental abnormalities with multispectral fluorescence imaging (2016)

Sensitive methods that can enable early detection of dental diseases (caries and calculus) are desirable in clinical practice. Optical spectroscopic approaches have emerged as promising alternatives owing to their wealth of molecular information and lack of sample preparation requirements. In the present study, using multispectral fluorescence imaging, we have demonstrated that dental caries and calculus can be objectively identified on extracted tooth. Spectral differences among control, carious and calculus conditions were attributed to the porphyrin pigment content, which is a byproduct of bacterial metabolism. Spectral maps generated using different porphyrin bands offer important clues to the spread of bacterial infection. Statistically significant differences utilizing fluorescence intensity ratios were observed among three groups. In contrast to laser induced fluorescence, these methods can provide information about exact spread of the infection and may aid in long term dental monitoring. Successful adoption of this approach for routine clinical usage can assist dentists in implementing timely remedial measures.
Quantitative Tracking of Combinatorially Engineered Populations with Multiplexed Binary Assemblies (2017)

Advances in synthetic biology and genomics have enabled full-scale genome engineering efforts on laboratory time scales. However, the absence of sufficient approaches for mapping engineered genomes at system-wide scales onto performance has limited the adoption of more sophisticated algorithms for engineering complex biological systems. Here we report on the development and application of a robust approach to quantitatively map combinatorially engineered populations at scales up to several dozen target sites. This approach works by assembling genome engineered sites with cell-specific barcodes into a format compatible with high-throughput sequencing technologies. This approach, called barcoded-TRACE (bTRACE) was applied to assess E. coli populations engineered by recursive multiplex recombineering across both 6-target sites and 31-target sites. The 31-target library was then tracked throughout growth selections in the presence and absence of isopentenol (a potential next-generation biofuel). We also use the resolution of bTRACE to compare the influence of technical and biological noise on genome engineering efforts.
Assessment of a promethium YAG laser (1972)

Radiative transition probabilities have been computed for relaxation of the metastable <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F_{2} J</tex> -manifolds of Pm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> YAG. The Pm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> YAG system is analyzed for 4-level room-temperaure population inversion leading to 0.92-μ coherent radiation; Pm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> YAG is compared to Nd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> YAG as a CW laser.
Genomic instability and copy‐number heterogeneity of chromosome 19q, including the kallikrein locus, in ovarian carcinomas (2010)

Many tissue kallikrein (KLK) genes and proteins are candidate diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for ovarian cancer (OCa). We previously demonstrated that the KLK locus (19q13.3/4) is subject to copy-number gains and structural rearrangements in a pilot study of cell lines and ovarian cancer primary tissues, shown to overexpress KLK gene family members. To determine the overall frequency of genomic instability and copy-number changes, a retrospective study was conducted using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. Eighty-one chemotherapy naïve serous OCas were examined using 3-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify structural and numerical changes on 19q, including the KLK locus; in addition to immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KLK6, which has been shown to be overexpressed in OCa. The KLK locus was subject to copy-number changes in ∼83% of cases: net gain in 51%, net loss in 30% and amplified in 2%; and found to be chromosomally unstable (p < 0.001). All cases showed a wide range of immuoreactivity for KLK6 by IHC. Although no strong correlation could be found with copy-number, the latter was contributing factor to the observed KLK6 protein overexpression. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed an association between the net loss of the KLK locus and longer disease-free survival. Interestingly, FISH analyses indicated that chromosome 19q was subjected to structural rearrangement in 62% of cases and was significantly correlated to tumor grade (p < 0.001). We conclude that numerical and structural aberrations of chromosome 19q, affect genes including the KLK gene members, may contribute to ovarian carcinoma progression and aggressiveness.
Tandem phage-display for the identification of non-overlapping binding pairs of recombinant affinity reagents (2017)

The 'sandwich' binding format, which uses two reagents that can bind simultaneously to a given analyte, is the gold standard in diagnostics and many biochemical techniques. One of the bottlenecks in creating a sandwich assay is identifying pairs of reagents that bind non-competitively to the target. To bridge this gap, we invented Megaprimer Shuffling for Tandem Affinity Reagents (MegaSTAR) to identify non-competitive binding pairs of recombinant affinity reagents through phage-display. The key innovation in MegaSTAR is the construction of a tandem library, in which two reagents are randomly-displayed on the phage surface. This is accomplished by using a pool of 300-nucleotide long 'megaprimers', which code for previously-selected reagents, to prime second strand synthesis of a single-stranded DNA template and generate millions of pair-wise combinations. The tandem library is then affinity selected to isolate pairs that both reagents contribute to binding the target. As a proof-of-concept, we used MegaSTAR to identify pairs of fibronectin type III monobodies for three human proteins. For each target, we could identify between five and fifteen unique pairs and successfully used a single pair in a sandwich assay. MegaSTAR is a versatile tool for generating sandwich ELISA-grade and bispecific reagents.
Lectin-deficient TNF mutants display comparable anti-tumour but reduced pro-metastatic potential as compared to the wild-type molecule (2001)

In this study, we characterised the anti-tumour as well as the pro-metastatic activities of TNF mutants deficient in their lectin-like activity.1619 We report that, despite reduced systemic toxicity as compared to wild-type (wt) mTNF, a (T104A) and a (T104A-E106A-E109A) mTNF mutant (triple mTNF) retained most of their necrotic and tumouristatic activities, as measured in a CFS-1 fibrosarcoma and a B16BL6 melanoma tumour model, respectively. These mutants also conserved their anti-angiogenic activity, as measured in an in vitro endothelial morphogenesis assay.26 In contrast, the pro-metastatic activity of the T104A and the triple mTNF mutants in the CFS-1 fibrosarcoma and the 3LL-R Lewis lung carcinoma tumour model was significantly lower than that of the wt molecule. These results thus indicate that the lectin-like domain of TNF is not implicated in its necrotic, tumouristatic and anti-angiogenic activities, but that it can contribute to the pro-metastatic effect of the cytokine. In conclusion, in view of their reduced systemic toxicity and pro-metastatic capacity, but their retained anti-tumour activities, lectin-deficient TNF mutants might prove to be therapeutically interesting alternatives to wt TNF.
Fiber Lasers (2014)

Abstract Fiber lasers in general are receiving increased attention for industrial applications and have captured their share next to gas and solid‐state lasers. As a company, we focus on the research of femtosecond fiber technology and the development of laser products which rely on quality, reliability, cost efficiency and versatility. Our customers apply our femtosecond fiber lasers for purposes varying from high precision spectroscopy, to THz generation for quality inspection, to micro‐material processing. Here we will focus on femtosecond fiber lasers and some of the breakthrough developments and progress they have allowed in science and industry.
High-Throughput Sequencing in Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Research. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report (2018)

High-throughput, "next-generation" sequencing methods are now being broadly applied across all fields of biomedical research, including respiratory disease, critical care, and sleep medicine. Although there are numerous review articles and best practice guidelines related to sequencing methods and data analysis, there are fewer resources summarizing issues related to study design and interpretation, especially as applied to common, complex, nonmalignant diseases. To address these gaps, a single-day workshop was held at the American Thoracic Society meeting in May 2017, led by the American Thoracic Society Section on Genetics and Genomics. The aim of this workshop was to review the design, analysis, interpretation, and functional follow-up of high-throughput sequencing studies in respiratory, critical care, and sleep medicine research. This workshop brought together experts in multiple fields, including genetic epidemiology, biobanking, bioinformatics, and research ethics, along with physician-scientists with expertise in a range of relevant diseases. The workshop focused on application of DNA and RNA sequencing research in common chronic diseases and did not cover sequencing studies in lung cancer, monogenic diseases (e.g., cystic fibrosis), or microbiome sequencing. Participants reviewed and discussed study design, data analysis and presentation, interpretation, functional follow-up, and reporting of results. This report summarizes the main conclusions of the workshop, specifically addressing the application of these methods in respiratory, critical care, and sleep medicine research. This workshop report may serve as a resource for our research community as well as for journal editors and reviewers of sequencing-based manuscript submissions in our research field.
Cationic Nonsymmetric Transplatinum Complexes with Piperidinopiperidine Ligands. Preparation, Characterization, in Vitro Cytotoxicity, in Vivo Toxicity, and Anticancer Efficacy Studies (2006)

A series of complexes of the general formula trans-[PtCl2(Am)(pip-pip)] x HCl where pip-pip is 4-piperidinopiperidine and Am is NH3, methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), n-propylamine (NPA), isopropylamine (IPA), n-butylamine (NBA), or cyclohexylamine (CHA) were prepared and characterized, and their cytotoxic properties against ovarian and colon cancer cells were evaluated. The trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(pip-pip)] x HCl was significantly more potent than cisplatin in all the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines and was nearly as cytotoxic as cisplatin against colon cancer cells. In vivo studies in mice showed that the pip-pip complexes are significantly less toxic than cisplatin. Cisplatin was more efficacious than both trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(pip-pip)] x HCl and trans-[PtCl2(NBA)(pip-pip)] x HCl in the A2780 and A2780cisR tumor xenograft models, consistent with its lower IC50 values in A2780 cells but contrary to the higher IC50 values in A2780cisR cells. In the colon cancer cell studies, trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(pip-pip)] x HCl was slightly less potent than cisplatin in the in vitro studies but had efficacy comparable to that of cisplatin in the in vivo xenograft model.