gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time, image-based slice-to-volume registration for ultrasound-guided spinal intervention (2018)

Real-time fusion of magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound (US) images could facilitate safe and accurate needle placement in spinal interventions. We develop an entirely image-based registration method (independent of or complementary to surgical trackers) that includes an efficient US probe pose initialization algorithm. The registration enables the simultaneous display of 2D ultrasound image slices relative to 3D pre-procedure MR images for navigation. A dictionary-based 3D-2D pose initialization algorithm was developed in which likely probe positions are predefined in a dictionary with feature encoding by Haar wavelet filters. Feature vectors representing the 2D US image are computed by scaling and translating multiple Haar basis filters to capture scale, location, and relative intensity patterns of distinct anatomical features. Following pose initialization, fast 3D-2D registration was performed by optimizing normalized cross-correlation between intra- and pre-procedure images using Powell's method. Experiments were performed using a lumbar puncture phantom and a fresh cadaver specimen presenting realistic image quality in spinal US imaging. Accuracy was quantified by comparing registration transforms to ground truth motion imparted by a computer-controlled motion system and calculating target registration error (TRE) in anatomical landmarks. Initialization using a 315-length feature vector yielded median translation accuracy of 2.7 mm (3.4 mm interquartile range, IQR) in the phantom and 2.1 mm (2.5 mm IQR) in the cadaver. By comparison, storing the entire image set in the dictionary and optimizing correlation yielded a comparable median accuracy of 2.1 mm (2.8 mm IQR) in the phantom and 2.9 mm (3.5 mm IQR) in the cadaver. However, the dictionary-based method reduced memory requirements by 47× compared to storing the entire image set. The overall 3D error after registration measured using 3D landmarks was 3.2 mm (1.8 mm IQR) mm in the phantom and 3.0 mm (2.3 mm IQR) mm in the cadaver. The system was implemented in a 3D Slicer interface to facilitate translation to clinical studies. Haar feature based initialization provided accuracy and robustness at a level that was sufficient for real-time registration using an entirely image-based method for ultrasound navigation. Such an approach could improve the accuracy and safety of spinal interventions in broad utilization, since it is entirely software-based and can operate free from the cost and workflow requirements of surgical trackers.
RSM Outlook Summer 2010 : Management Research: Shaping the future of business (2010)

markdownabstract#### Investing in new knowledge production (Catherine Walker)&#13;\n&#13;\nThe meteoric rise of the Erasmus Research Institute of Management, or ERIM, would make many a company envious. In a mere ten years it has tripled in size. It has risen from relative obscurity to become one of the top three players in Europe, and among the top 25 in the world.&#13;\n&#13;\n#### Harnessing the creative power of diversity (Justine Whittern)&#13;\n&#13;\nWhilst research indicates that diversity in the workplace can contribute to competitive advantage in business and boost innovation, diverse teams remain difficult for organisations to manage. Finding out why is a major challenge for researchers, says Prof. Daan van Knippenberg, co-founder and head of ERIM’s Centre for Leadership Studies.&#13;\n&#13;\n#### A viral approach to marketing (Lesa Sawahata)&#13;\n&#13;\nThe Marketing programme at ERIM has long examined the decision-making function that drives consumer behaviour. The future of the field, says Professor Stijn van Osselaer, Chair of the Department of Marketing Management, is in looking at customer-to-customer marketing: how does marketing go viral, and how can we use language to target consumers in a multicultural setting?&#13;\n&#13;\n#### The logistics of operations&#13;\n&#13;\nInnovation is high within the field of logistics, says René de Koster, Professor of Logistics and Operations Management, as he outlines here the challenges that lie ahead for researchers and business managers alike.&#13;\n&#13;\n#### Innovating the innovators (Lesa Sawahata)&#13;\n&#13;\nStrategic renewal, the process of creating and implementing new products, processes and capabilities, is the focus of ERIM’s Strategy programme. Whilst technological innovations remain important, Prof. Henk Volberda believes that the future lies in Social Innovation. Here he explains what it is and the impact it can have on businesses. &#13;\n&#13;\n#### A matter of incentive? (Catherine Walker)&#13;\n&#13;\nFew topics in the accounting world have divided opinion as squarely as executive compensation and incentives – especially in the banking sector. But how should pay be structured in the future, and what systems will work best? Frank Hartmann, Professor of Management Accounting and Management Control, outlines how researchers can help provide the answers.
Molecular bioactivity extrapolation to novel targets by support vector machines (2010)

The early phases of drug discovery use in silico models to rationalize structure activity relationships, and to predict the activity of novel compounds. However, the performance of these models is not always acceptable and the reliability of external predictions - both to novel compounds and to related protein targets - is often limited. Proteochemometric modeling [1] adds a target description, based on physicochemical properties of the binding site, to these models.

Our proteochemometric models [2] are based on Scitegic circular fingerprints on the compound side and on a customized protein fingerprint on the target side. This protein fingerprint is based on a selection of physicochemical descriptors obtained from the AAindex database. Through PCA we selected a number of physicochemical properties which are hashed in a fingerprint using the Scitegic hashing algorithm. We compared this fingerprint to a number of protein descriptors previously published, including the Z-scales, the FASGAI and the BLOSUM descriptors. Our fingerprint performs superior to all of these. In addition, we show that proteochemometric models improve external prediction capabilities. In the case of classification this leads to models with a higher specificity when compared to conventional QSAR. In the case of regression our models show an average lower RMSE of 0.12 log units when based on a pIC50 output variable compared to conventional QSAR modeling the same data-set. Furthermore, our models enable target extrapolation. As a result we can predict the activity of known and new compounds on new targets while retaining the same model quality as when performing external validation without target extrapolation.
Orthogonal Polarization Omnidirectional Antenna Using a Halo Antenna Loaded with Short Elements (2022)

This paper proposes a low-profile orthogonally polarized antenna. The proposed antenna is composed of a sleeve antenna as a vertically polarized element and a Halo antenna with parasitic elements as a horizontally polarized element. Two short elements are loaded symmetrically with the gap of the Halo antenna to achieve an orthogonal polarization antenna that is omnidirectional in both polarizations. The validity of the simulation results was confirmed by fabricating the proposed antenna.
Modal Control of Mechanically Coupled NEMS Array for Tunable Oscillators (2010)

A new approach for a digital frequency tuning of NEMS-based oscillators in radio frequency (RF) applications is described. It is based on the modal control of mechanically coupled nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) array for which the collective behavior is described by discrete modal analysis. By controlling the electrodes bias voltages distribution, the different transduction gains of the array are adjusted proportionally to specific modal vectors making the whole system operate as one single resonator on the corresponding mode which allows tuning the global oscillator frequency in a large frequency range depending on the coupling stiffness and the resonators number. Besides, by collecting the projected outputs in a common load, the power handling ability of the whole device is raised in all channels improving the phase noise performance of the oscillator.
Three Multiplex Assays for Detection of <I>Borrelia burgdorferi</I> sensu lato and <I>Borrelia miyamotoi</I> sensu lato in Field-Collected <I>Ixodes</I> Nymphs in North America (2005)

Two hundred fifty New Jersey field-collected Ixodes scapularis Say ticks and 17 Colorado Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen & Nuttall ticks were tested using three separate multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. One assay targets the rrs-rrlA IGS region of Borrelia spp. to detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and Borrelia miyamotoi s.l. The second assay targets the ospA region of B. burgdorferi s.l. to detect B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), Borrelia bissettii, and Borrelia andersonii. The final assay targets the glpQ region of B. miyamotoi s.l. to differentiate B. miyamotoi LB-2001 and Borrelia lonestari. A testing scheme combining these tests yielded 18% of tested I. scapularis ticks surveyed from New Jersey positive for B. burgdorferi s.s., 3.2% I. scapularis ticks positive for B. miyamotoi LB-2001, and 41.2% I. spinipalpis ticks positive for B. bissettii surveyed from Colorado.
Mechanical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic materials (2005)

Homogeneously dispersed organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites can be obtained by increasing the interfacial interactions between both components via the formation of hydrogen bonds or covalent bonds, by mixing various polymers or via the adequate choice of the inorganic precursors. The mechanical response of these advanced functional materials is an issue of paramount importance when industrial applications are targeted. Large progress in the understanding of the mechanical properties of O–I hybrids has been gained by testing these materials under different conditions (static and dynamic, low and large deformations up to fracture) and using specific techniques developed for the mechanical characterization of conventional materials such as polymers, glasses or ceramics. However, the mechanical properties of hybrid O–I materials are dependent on their micro- and nanostructures and on the nature and extent of the O–I interfaces. Consequently, predictable mechanical properties for hybrids still represent a major challenge for hybrid materials science. Industrial attraction for hybrid materials has been emphasized by the development of new functional coatings. An important issue is the interface between the film and the substrate since strong adhesion can be tailored and ensures that delamination of the film will be limited.
Simulated false data injections attacks on emulated and hardware programmable logic controllers of the pressurizer in a representative pressurized water reactor plant (2022)

Manipulating sensors data and/or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems could potentially compromise operation and safety of nuclear reactor power plants. This work utilizes the LOBO Nuclear CyberSecurity (LOBO NCS) Platform, developed recently at the University of New Mexico’s Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies, to investigate and contrast responses of an emulated PLC with OpenPLC and a commercial Allen-Bradley PLC. This is during nominal operation and simulated surge-in and surge-out transients of the pressurizer in a representative PWR plant. Investigations evaluate the effect of manipulating the control of linked PLCs to a physics-based Simulink model of the pressurizer on its operation during simulated transients. Simulated FDIAs introduced during the surge-in transient manipulate either input pressure or the rate of water spray into the pressurizer, to increase system pressure beyond nominal. Simulated FDIAs inconsistently overwrite holding registers of the PLCs during the duration of the attack. As a result, the immersed heaters and the water droplets spray nozzle switch off and on repeatedly, to reduce the pressure rise within the pressurizer. Manipulating a commercial Allen-Bradley PLC is more consistent than emulated OpenPLC and percentage of FDIAs’ successful overwrites increased with increasing input scan time of the PLC. Despite noted response differences iof emulated and hardware PLCs, results demonstrate using emulated PLCs in the LOBO NCS platform is suitable for current and future cybersecurity investigations.
On Routing for Custom Integrated Circuits (1982)

This paper presents a novel and effective strategy for routing custom integrated circuits as well as solutions to subproblems associated with this strategy. Given an initial placement of rectangular blocks, the routing strategy includes the following major steps: construction of a channel graph, estimation of channel widths (based on a statistical model for signal nets and topological routing of power and ground nets), placement modification to include the estimated channel widths, topological routing for signal nets, and finally track assignment. Besides presenting an overview of our strategy, the following topics will be discussed in some detail: (1) necessary and sufficient conditions and a simple algorithm for single layer topological routing of power and ground nets, (2) a quadratic programming formulation for the placement modification problem, and (3) a fast algorithm for obtaining topological routes for signal nets.
Fiber-integrated quantum memory for telecom light (2023)

We demonstrate the storage and on-demand retrieval of single-photon-level telecom pulses in a fiber cavity. The cavity is formed by fiber Bragg gratings at either end of a single-mode fiber. Photons are mapped into and out of the cavity using quantum frequency conversion driven by intense control pulses. In a first spliced-fiber cavity, we demonstrate storage up to $0.55\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ (11 cavity round trips), with $11.3%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$% total memory efficiency and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 12.8 after one round trip. In a second, monolithic cavity, we increase this lifetime to $1.75\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ (35 round trips) with a memory efficiency of $12.7%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2%$ (SNR of $7.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$) after one round trip. Fiber-based cavities for quantum storage at telecom wavelengths offer a promising route to synchronizing spontaneous-photon-generation events and building scalable quantum networks.
Antagonism of voltage-gated calcium channels in small cell carcinomas of patients with and without Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome by autoantibodies omega-conotoxin and adenosine. (1988)

The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LES) is an autoimmune presynaptic disorder of peripheral cholinergic neurotransmission in which there is often an associated small cell lung carcinoma (SCC). SCC lines established from patients with and without LES exhibit a Ca2+ influx response to depolarization by K+ that is consistent with the presence of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Autoantibodies antagonistic to SCC Ca2+ channel activity were found exclusively in patients with LES, independent of cancer status. Depolarization-induced uptake of 45Ca2+ by SCC lines was reduced maximally after 3-4 days of exposure to serum immunoglobulins from 14 of 19 LES patients, while 53 control immunoglobulins (including patients with SCC, other tumors, other paraneoplastic syndromes, and other neurological and autoimmune diseases) were without effect. The snail neurotoxin omega-conotoxin of subtype GVIA, which is a specific antagonist of presynaptic Ca2+ channels, inhibited K+-stimulated Ca2+ uptake in a dose-dependent manner that was essentially irreversible. Adenosine, reported to be a specific antagonist of neuronal Ca2+ channels, also impaired voltage-stimulated Ca2+ influx in SCC. Use of LES patients' IgG and omega-conotoxin in further studies of SCC may facilitate identification and purification of the LES antigen(s) and yield a quantitative serological test for diagnosing this autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome.
Security visualization tools and IPv6 addresses (2009)

Visualization is used by security analysts to help detect patterns and trends in large volumes of network traffic data. With IPv6 slowly being deployed around the world, network intruders are beginning to adapt their tools and techniques to work over IPv6 (vs. IPv4). Many tools for visualizing network activity, while useful for detecting large scale attacks and network behavior anomalies still only support IPv4. In this paper, we explore the current state of IPv6 support in some popular security visualization tools and identify the roadblocks preventing those tools from supporting the new protocol. We propose a filtering technique that helps reduce the occlusion of IPv6 sources on graphs. We also suggest using treemaps for visually representing the vast space of remote addresses in IPv6.
Dynamic Orthogonal Switching of a Thermoresponsive Self‐Organized Helical Superstructure (2017)

Controllable manipulation of self-organized dynamic superstructures of functional molecular materials by external stimuli is an enabling enterprise. Herein, we have developed a thermally driven, self-organized helical superstructure, i.e., thermoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC), by integrating a judiciously chosen thermoresponsive chiral molecular switch into an achiral liquid crystalline medium. The CLC in lying state, in both planar and twisted nematic cells, exhibits reversible in-plane orthogonal switching of its helical axis in response to the combined effect of temperature and electric field. Consequently, the direction of the cholesteric grating has been observed to undergo 90° switching in a single cell, enabling non-mechanical beam steering along two orthogonal directions. The ability to reversibly switch the cholesteric gartings along perpendicular directions by appropriately adjusting temperature and electric field strength could facilitate their applications in 2D beam steering, spectrum scanning, optoelectronics and beyond.
Study of ultramicroporous carbons by high-pressure sorption. Part 1.—N2, CO2, O2 and He isotherms (1989)

Adsorption–desorption isotherms for nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen and helium on as-received TCM-128 ultramicroporous carbon are reported for pressures up to 60 atm at 35 °C. Evidence is presented that suggests that there are regions in the carbon that are composed of tiny hydrophobic constrictions in series, which are hardly penetrated, and more open pores inside. At room temperature, water molecules cannot penetrate these constrictions in reasonable time due to a clustering effect, while the much bigger, but unclustered nitrogen and carbon dioxide molecules do penetrate these constrictions at a measurable rate. These regions are responsible for unexpected hysteresis observed for nitrogen and carbon dioxide at 35 °C and the unusually large amount of helium adsorbed.
Human health implications from co-exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins in maize-based foods in Latin America: Guatemala as a case study (2014)

Co-occurrence of fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) in maize has been demonstrated in many surveys. Combined-exposure to FB 1 and AFB 1 was of concern to the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives because of the known genotoxicity of AFB 1 and the ability of FB 1 to induce regenerative proliferation in target tissues. Humans living where maize is a dietary staple are at high risk for exposure to both mycotoxins. Our work has focused on Guatemala, a country in Central America where maize is consumed in large amounts every day and where intake of FB 1 has been shown to be potentially quite high using biomarker-based studies. In 2012 a survey was conducted which analysed maize samples for FB 1 and AFB 1 from all 22 departments of Guatemala. The results show that the levels of AFB 1 exposure are also potentially quite high in Guatemala, and likely throughout Central America and Mexico. The implications of co-exposure for human health are numerous, but one area of particular concern is the potential of FB 1 to modulate AFB 1 hepatoxicity and/or hepatocarcinogenicity. Both the mechanism of action of FB 1 and its ability to promote liver carcinogenicity in rats and rainbow trout is consistent with this concern. In farm and laboratory animals FB 1 inhibits ceramide synthases, key enzymes in de novo ceramide biosynthesis. The inhibition of sphingolipid signalling pathways mediating programmed cell death and activation of pathways stimulating cell proliferation in livers of individuals exposed to AFB 1 could contribute to the tumorigenicity of AFB 1 . Studies investigating the health effects of either toxin should consider the potential for co-exposure to both toxins. Also, in countries where maize-based food are prepared by alkaline treatment of the maize kernels, the effect of traditional processing on AFB 1 levels and toxicity needs to be determined, especially for maize highly contaminated with AFB 1 .
Secure Control under Partial Observability with Temporal Logic Constraints (2019)

This paper studies the synthesis of control policies for an agent that has to satisfy a temporal logic specification in a partially observable environment, in the presence of an adversary. The interaction of the agent (defender) with the adversary is modeled as a partially observable stochastic game. The search for policies is limited to over the space of finite state controllers, which leads to a tractable approach to determine policies. The goal is to generate a defender policy to maximize satisfaction of a given temporal logic specification under any adversary policy. We relate the satisfaction of the specification in terms of reaching (a subset of) recurrent states of a Markov chain. We then present a procedure to determine a set of defender and adversary finite state controllers of given sizes that will satisfy the temporal logic specification. We illustrate our approach with an example.
Effect of active QW population on optical characteristics of polar, semipolar and nonpolar III-nitride light emitters (2012)

Quantum well (QW) population effects are compared in III-nitride light emitters with different levels of polarity. We show that wider nonpolar active QWs are characterized by increased QW transparency current and a reduced differential optical gain which consequently increases the laser threshold. We also show that high intra-QW recombination rates in nonpolar/semipolar structures make the QW populations strongly non-equilibrium and vulnerable to inhomogeneous QW injection. In the LED regime, structures with a different polarity level reveal different mechanisms of the efficiency droop. In polar structures, the droop is dominated by the electron leakage and is notably affected by the active region ballistic overshoot. The efficiency droop in semipolar/nonpolar structures is dominated by the combined effect of radiative time saturation and non-radiative Auger recombination.