gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal-tension glaucomatous optic neuropathy is related to blood pressure variability in the Maracaibo Aging Study (2021)

Hypoperfusion of the optic nerve might be involved in the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) drives ocular perfusion, but no previous studies have addressed the risk of GON in relation to blood pressure (BP) variability, independent of BP level. In a cross-sectional study, 93 residents of Maracaibo, Venezuela, underwent optical coherence tomography, visual field assessments and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring between 2011 and 2016. We investigated the association of normal-tension GON with or without visual field defects with reading-to reading variability of 24-h MAP, as captured by variability independent of the MAP level (VIMmap). Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for 24-h MAP level and for a propensity score of up to five risk factors. Among the 93 participants (87.1% women; mean age, 61.9 years), 26 had open-angle normal-tension GON at both eyes; 14 had visual field defects; and 19 did not have visual field defects. The OR ratios for normal-tension GON, expressed per 1-SD increment in VIMmap (2 mm Hg), were 2.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.33–3.53) unadjusted; 2.20 (1.35–3.61) adjusted for 24-h MAP level only; 1.93 (1.10–3.41) with additional adjustment for age, educational attainment, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and office hypertension; and 1.95 (1.10–3.45) in models including intraocular pressure. We confirmed our a priori hypothesis that BP variability, most likely operating via hypoperfusion of the optic nerve, is associated with normal-tension GON. 24-H ambulatory BP monitoring might therefore help stratify the risk of normal-tension GON.
Effect of 18F-FDG uptake time on lesion detectability in PET imaging of early stage breast cancer. (2015)

Prior reports have suggested that delayed FDG-PET oncology imaging can improve the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for known lesions. Our goal was to estimate realistic bounds for lesion detectability for static measurements with one to four hours between FDG injection and image acquisition. Tumor and normal tissue kinetic model parameters were estimated from dynamic PET studies of patients with early stage breast cancer. These were used to generate time-activity curves (TACs) out to four hours, for which we assumed both nonreversible and reversible models with different rates of FDG dephosphorylation (k<sub>4</sub>). For each pair of tumor and normal tissue TACs, 600 PET sinogram realizations were generated, and images were reconstructed using OSEM. Test statistics for each tumor and normal tissue region of interest were output from the computer model observers and evaluated using an ROC analysis with the calculated AUC providing a measure of lesion detectability. For the nonreversible model (k<sub>4</sub> = 0), the AUC increased in 11/23 (48%) of patients for one to two hours after the current standard post-radiotracer injection imaging window of one hour. This improvement was driven by increased tumor/normal tissue contrast before the impact of increased noise due to radiotracer decay began to dominate the imaging signal. As k<sub>4</sub> was increased from 0 to 0.01 min<sup>-1</sup>, the time of maximum detectability shifted earlier, as the decreasing FDG concentration in the tumor lowered the CNR. These results imply that delayed PET imaging may reveal low-conspicuity lesions that would have otherwise gone undetected.
Error-Resilient Spintronics via the Shannon- Inspired Model of Computation (2019)

The energy and delay reductions from CMOS scaling have stagnated, motivating the search for a CMOS replacement. Spintronic devices are one of the promising beyond-CMOS alternatives. However, they exhibit high switching error rates of 1% or more when operated at energy and delay comparable to CMOS, rendering them incompatible with the deterministic nature of digital implementations. In this paper, we employ a Shannon-inspired model of computation to enhance the tolerance of all-spin logic (ASL)-based implementations to gate-level switching errors. We develop the logic-level path delay reallocation techniques to shape the output error statistics and propose a novel error compensation scheme to achieve 1000× higher tolerance to device-level switching errors while maintaining the classification accuracy of an ASL-based support vector machine (SVM) classifier.
Functional brain imaging: Multimodality investigations on the somatosensory-, motor- and auditory systems: A comparative study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (1997)

Author: Stippich, C et al.; Genre: Poster; Issued: 1997-05; Title: Functional brain imaging: Multimodality investigations on the somatosensory-, motor- and auditory systems: A comparative study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Facile Synthesis of Stable and Highly Luminescent Methylammonium Lead Halide Nanocrystals for Efficient Light Emitting Devices (2019)

Metal halide perovskites are promising candidates for use in light emitting diodes (LEDs), due to their potential for color tunable and high luminescence efficiency. While recent advances in perovskite-based light emitting diodes have resulted in external quantum efficiencies exceeding 12.4% for the green emitters, and infrared emitters based on 3 D/2D mixed dimensional perovskites have exceeded 20%, the external quantum efficiencies of the red and blue emitters still lag behind. A critical issue to date is creating highly emissive and stable perovskite emitters with the desirable emission band gap to achieve full-color displays and white LEDs. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of a highly luminescent and stable suspension of cubic-shaped methylammonium lead triiodide (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskite nanocrystals, where we synthesize the nanocrystals via a ligand-assisted reprecipitation technique, using an acetonitrile/methylamine compound solvent system to solvate the ions and toluene as the antisolvent to induce crystallization. Through tuning the ratio of the ligands, the ligand to toluene ratio, and the temperature of the toluene, we obtain a solution of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 93% and tunable emission between 660 and 705 nm. We also achieved red emission at 635 nm by blending the nanocrystals with bromide salt and obtained perovskite-based light emitting diodes with maximum electroluminescent external quantum efficiency of 2.75%.
<title>HgCdTe focal plane arrays for high performance infrared cameras</title> (1997)

Significant advances have been made in growing high quality HgCdTe detector arrays, designing and fabricating multiplexing readouts in submicron CMOS, and in subsequently fabricating large hybrid FPAs having excellent reliability. Consequently, high performance IR cameras are now being routinely developed for diverse applications. For example, FPAs as large as 1024 X 1024 with mean dark current &lt; 0.1 e-/s, read noise &lt; 0.1 e-/s and pixel yield as high as 99.85 percent for D &gt; 1 X 10<SUP>14</SUP> Jones are being supplied for IR astronomy. Affordable high performance IR imaging cameras, however, require cost-effective staring focal plane arrays (FPA) that operate at temperatures compatible with long-life, low-power coolers. We thus report a 5 micrometers 256 X 256 FPAs having mean D &gt; 8.8 X 10<SUP>11</SUP> cm-(root)Hz/W with &gt; 99.5 percent pixel operability at 90K operating temperature. The device's large charge capacity enables full coverage of the 3 to 5 micrometers atmospheric window to provide many of the advantages promised by competing staring LWIR sensors including enhanced S/N under stringent operating conditions and reduced background clutter. The staring Hg<SUB>1-x</SUB>Cd<SUB>x</SUB>Te FPAs offer not only high sensitivity, operability and reliability at elevated operating temperatures, but also stable, temporal noise-limited imaging over the 3.4 to 4.8 micrometers passband. We report temporal sensitivity &lt; mK with comparable spatial noise at 95K operating temperature. We also quantify the operating temperature stability required to maintain high sensitivity. Finally, we briefly status our HgCdTe FPA technology by focusing on key off-the-shelf CMOS readouts.
Speech recognition based on fundamental functional principles of the brain (2004)

This paper describes application of biologically realistic dynamic synapse neural networks on speech recognition task. The goal is to develop a noise-robust and feasible speech recognition system, based on fundamental functional principles of the brain. This task is accomplished in three steps: first speech signal is decomposed into different frequency bands. Second, short term energy of signals is encoded into the train of spikes and finally, the classification of temporal patterns is done using dynamic synapse neural networks (DSNN). The nonlinear neurotransmitter release function of DSNN is replaced by FD model. The simulation results showed that the performance degradation of DSNN in the presence of Gaussian white noise is less than Mel frequency cepstral coefficients
Determination of trimethylamine‐N‐oxide in combination with l‐carnitine and γ‐butyrobetaine in human plasma by UPLC/MS/MS (2015)

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) simultaneously with TMAO-related molecules L-carnitine and γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) in human blood plasma. The separation of analytes was achieved using a Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-type column with ammonium acetate-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. TMAO determination was validated according to valid US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The developed method was successfully applied to plasma samples from healthy volunteers.
Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Embedded in Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) Nanofiber Scaffolds Deliver Neurotrophic Payloads to Enhance Neuronal Growth (2020)

Scaffolds made from biocompatible polymers provide physical cues to direct the extension of neurites and to encourage repair of damaged nerves. The inclusion of neurotrophic payloads in these scaffolds can substantially enhance regrowth and repair processes. However, many promising neurotrophic candidates are excluded from this approach due to incompatibilities with the polymer or with the polymer processing conditions. This work provides one solution to this problem by incorporating porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) that are pre-loaded with the therapeutic into a polymer scaffold during fabrication. The nanoparticle-drug-polymer hybrids are prepared in the form of oriented poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) nanofiber scaffolds. We test three different therapeutic payloads: bpV(HOpic), a small molecule inhibitor of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); an RNA aptamer specific to tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB); and the protein nerve growth factor (NGF). Each therapeutic is loaded using a loading chemistry that is optimized to slow the rate of release of these water-soluble payloads. The drug-loaded pSiNP-nanofiber hybrids release approximately half of their TrkB aptamer, bpV(HOpic), or NGF payload in 2, 10, and >40 days, respectively. The nanofiber hybrids increase neurite extension relative to drug-free control nanofibers in a dorsal root ganglion explant assay.
Angular diversity — prominent for compact devices of wireless sensor network in indoor environments (2007)

Applying angular diversity in wireless sensor network provides significant impact by providing more reliable wireless connection and larger margin for link budget. Spatial, polar, and angular diversity techniques are applied to achieve diversity benefits. However, not all diversity schemes are suitable for WSN, especially for those devices that are constrained to be compact. The proposed angular diversity not only creates sufficient high diversity order but also can be retrofit to small sensor nodes. Comparisons are obtained by measurements in realistic, indoor environments. The proposed angular diversity is shown to provide high diversity gain for WSN with slightly increase of the form factor of the sensor nodes.
Colloidal atomic layer deposition growth of PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots (2016)

Traditionally, PbS/CdS quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesized via a cation exchange method, making fine control over shell growth challenging. We show here that colloidal atomic layer deposition (c-ALD) allows for the sequential growth of single monolayers of the shell, thus creating a 'true' CdS shell on PbS QDs.
A multi-input modeling approach to quantify hippocampal nonlinear dynamic transformations (2006)

A multi-input modeling approach is introduced to quantify hippocampal neural dynamics. It is based on the Volterra modeling approach extended to multiple inputs. The computed Volterra kernels allow quantitative description of hippocampal transformations and define a predictive model that can produce responses to arbitrary input patterns. Electrophysiological data from several CA3 and CA1 cells in behaving rats were recorded simultaneously using an array of penetrating electrodes. This activity was used to compute kernels up to third order for single and multiple input cases. Representative sets of kernels illustrate the variability of the dynamics of the CA3-CA1 transformations. Our model's predictive accuracy was evaluated using ROC curves
Co-design of nonlinear control systems with bounded control inputs (2014)

This paper considers co-design of nonlinear constrained control systems: simultaneous design of the nonlinear plant and control policy where the control is bounded. Similar to prior art, the co-design is attacked as a non-convex optimization problem, which is solved by using an improved policy iteration scheme. We have proved rigorously that the system performance can be improved after each step of the proposed policy iteration scheme until convergence to a sub-optimal solution is attained. Effectiveness of the proposed methodology is illustrated through the co-design of a load-positioning system.
Bit slicing approaches for variability aware ReRAM CIM macros (2023)

Abstract Computation-in-Memory accelerators based on resistive switching devices represent a promising approach to realize future information processing systems. These architectures promise orders of magnitudes lower energy consumption for certain tasks, while also achieving higher throughputs than other special purpose hardware such as GPUs, due to their analog computation nature. Due to device variability issues, however, a single resistive switching cell usually does not achieve the resolution required for the considered applications. To overcome this challenge, many of the proposed architectures use an approach called bit slicing, where generally multiple low-resolution components are combined to realize higher resolution blocks. In this paper, we will present an analog accelerator architecture on the circuit level, which can be used to perform Vector-Matrix-Multiplications or Matrix-Matrix-Multiplications. The architecture consists of the 1T1R crossbar array, the optimized select circuitry and an ADC. The components are designed to handle the variability of the resistive switching cells, which is verified through our verified and physical compact model. We then use this architecture to compare different bit slicing approaches and discuss their tradeoffs.
Mapping GFP Structural Evolution during Excited-State Proton Transfer with Femtosecond Stimulated Raman (2010)

We use femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy to view transient structural changes of the photoexcited GFP-chromophore, identifying low-frequency ring-wagging motions that gate excited-state proton transfer. Mechanistic insights on reactive systems require structural probing with femtosecond resolution.
Fitting Cells Into a Narrow <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Interval: Physical Constraints Along the Lifetime of an Extremely Scaled NAND Flash Memory Array (2015)

This paper presents an in-depth comparative analysis of the major physical constraints to the width of the threshold-voltage distribution of a state-of-the-art NAND Flash array. The analysis addresses both time-0 placement by program-and-verify algorithms on fresh and cycled arrays and distribution widening during idle/bake periods. Results allow to identify how each physical effect impacts the threshold-voltage distribution as a function of array program conditions, temperature, cycling, and duration of idle/bake periods, providing clear hints for the design of next generation technology nodes.
Characterization and modeling of tunnel barrier reliability (2003)

Summary form only given. The reliability of ultra-thin dielectric film composing the ferromagnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is of great importance for MRAM development. Considerable work has been done in the area of gate oxide, however there are relatively few works in ultra-thin aluminum oxide serving as a tunnel barrier. In this work, the dielectric breakdown of MTJs is investigated, by means of current sweep experiments and time-to-breakdown measurements on a series of patterned MTJs with both different junction area and stress conditions. We will present the analytical results and discussions of the breakdown mechanism of MTJs. The MTJs used in this work were dual spin valve-type double tunnel junctions prepared by the ultra-high vacuum sputtering technique, having the structure SiO/sub 2//Ta/NiFe/IrMn/Co/sub 50/Fe/sub 50/(2 nm)/AlO/sub x//CoFeNi(3 nm)/AlO/sub x//Co/sub 50/Fe/sub 50/(2 nm)/IrMn. The tunnel barriers were fabricated by deposition of 0.8 nm Al following in-situ plasma oxidization. The samples were patterned using photolithography and ion milling.
An Arabidopsis thaliana gene for methylsalicylate biosynthesis, identified by a biochemical genomics approach, has a role in defense (2003)

Emission of methylsalicylate (MeSA), and occasionally of methylbenzoate (MeBA), from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was detected following the application of some forms of both biotic and abiotic stresses to the plant. Maximal emission of MeSA was observed following alamethicin treatment of leaves. A gene (AtBSMT1) encoding a protein with both benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) carboxyl methyltransferase activities was identified using a biochemical genomics approach. Its ortholog (AlBSMT1) in A. lyrata, a close relative of A. thaliana, was also isolated. The AtBSMT1 protein utilizes SA more efficiently than BA, whereas AlBSMT1 catalyzes the methylation of SA less effectively than that of BA. The AtBSMT1 and AlBSMT1 genes showed expression in leaves under normal growth conditions and were more highly expressed in the flowers. In A. thaliana leaves, the expression of AtBSMT1 was induced by alamethicin, Plutella xylostella herbivory, uprooting, physical wounding, and methyl jasmonate. SA was not an effective inducer. Using a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter approach, the promoter activity of AtBSMT1 was localized to the sepals of flowers, and also to leaf trichomes and hydathodes. Upon thrip damage to leaves, AtBSMT1 promoter activity was induced specifically around the lesions.
Supplementary Figure S4 from YAP Orchestrates Heterotypic Endothelial Cell Communication via HGF/c-MET Signaling in Liver Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Dynamic EC subpopulation changes in liver tumor models&lt;/p&gt;
CAGRA: Optimal parameter setting and rendering method for occlusion-capable automultiscopic three-dimensional display (2010)

We have developed a novel automultiscopic display, CAGRA (Computer-Aided Graphical Real-world Avatar), which can provide full parallax both horizontally and vertically without imposing any other additional equipment such as goggles on users. CAGRA adopts two axes of rotation so that it can distribute reflected light all around. In our previous work, it was proved that the display can present a black and white image of a 3D object at 1 Hz with both horizontal and vertical parallax. Here, we discuss two important problems that remain unsolved in our previous work: optimal parameter setting and the rendering method. As for finding optimal parameters, the relationship among the rotation speed of two axes and the diffusion angle of the holographic diffuser is discussed. The rendering method was implemented so that accurate view is presented in spite of the unique mechanical structure of CAGRA. Furthermore, the synchronization mechanism between projection of images and rotation of the mirror, which was also a remaining problem, is also implemented. Findings obtained through solving these problems clarify the characteristics of this novel display system, CAGRA, and lead to its further development.
Supplemental Figure and Table Legends from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure and Table Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Dielectric, infrared, and Raman response of undopedSrTiO3ceramics: Evidence of polar grain boundaries (2001)

Thorough Raman and infrared (IR) reflectivity investigations of nominally pure ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ ceramics in the 10--300 K range have revealed a clear presence of the polar phase whose manifestation steeply increases on cooling. The Raman strengths of the Raman-forbidden IR modes are proportional to ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{TO}1}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}(\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}1.6)$ where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{TO}1}$ is the polar soft mode frequency. No pronounced permittivity dispersion is observed below the soft mode frequency so that, as in single crystals, the static permittivity is essentially determined by the soft mode contribution. A theory is suggested which assumes a frozen dipole moment connected with the grain boundaries which induces the polar phase in the grain bulk in correlation with the bulk soft-mode frequency. This stiffens slightly the effective soft mode response and reduces the low-temperature permittivity compared to that of single crystals. Moreover, the polar soft mode strongly couples to the ${E}_{g}$ component of the structural soft doublet showing that the polar axis is perpendicular to the tetragonal axis below the structural transition which is shifted to 132 K in our ceramics. Whereas the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{6}$ octahedra tilt (primary order parameter) below the structural transition corresponds to that in single crystals, much smaller ${A}_{1g}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{g}$ splitting of the structural soft doublet shows that the tetragonal deformation (secondary order parameter) is nearly 10 times smaller, apparently due to the grain volume clamping in ceramics.