gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building Microelectronic Systems in a University Environment (1990)

Abstract : This paper describes a ten-year long technical and social experiment in our department to build a laboratory that designs and fabricates microelectronic systems in support of research in computer architecture. This experiment has been fairly successful by several measures: We have built and demonstrated a number of systems, some of significant size and complexity, spanning a fairly wide range of approaches and applications. We have validated the laboratory's original premise, demonstrating economics of scale by sharing a system building facility over multiple projects. Most importantly, we have fielded experimental systems on a long term, maintainable basis. Our Microelectronic Systems Laboratory (MSL) may serve as a useful model for others who want to develop system-building capability in a university setting.
Orthopositronium annihilation rates in gaseous halogenated methanes (2010)

The normalized orthopositronium quenching rate, ${}_{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}$, has been measured for CH${}_{3}$F, CH${}_{3}$Cl, CH${}_{3}$Br, and CH${}_{3}$I in the gas phase. Silica aerogel was used as the positronium formation medium and the microchambers. The ${}_{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ values obtained are ${}_{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}({\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{F})=0.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$, ${}_{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}({\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{Cl})=0.58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$, ${}_{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}({\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{Br})=0.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$, and ${}_{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}({\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{I})=2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$. The ${}_{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ value for CH${}_{3}$I is significantly larger than expected for pick-off quenching. It is probably caused by spin-conversion quenching through spin-orbit interaction.
Hedione Reduces Subjective Vicarious Stress (2020)

Observing another person in a stressful situation can cause a full-blown physiological stress response in the observer, which is referred to as empathic stress. One way through which stress-related information might be transmitted between individuals under conditions of empathic stress is chemosensory communication. In the present study, we investigated whether the odorant Hedione, as a potential chemosignal, affects the empathic stress response at a physiological and psychological level. For this purpose, two experiments were designed, each testing one group of participants in an odor-free room and a second group in a room scented with Hedione. In Experiment 1, 60 participants (25 males) watched a video of an unknown female participant in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). In Experiment 2, 37 free-cycling females watched a live video of a male participant in the TSST. Observers' psychological and physiological stress response was captured <i>via</i> repeated measurements of salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and self-report ratings. Empathy with the stressed participants was assessed on the dimensions of personal distress and empathic concern of the Emotional Response Scale (ERS). Our results show no substantial physiological stress response in the observers and no effect of Hedione on physiological stress measures. Further, in Experiment 1, there was no subjective stress elicited by the video and no effect of Hedione. In Experiment 2, the observation was perceived as stressful and Hedione reduced subjective vicarious stress. The subjective stress response was associated with the Observers' direct personal distress, but not with their empathic concern for the target in both experiments. Based on the findings presented above, we conclude that under conditions of empathic stress, Hedione alleviates subjectively perceived stress felt when observing another person being stressed, while leaving empathic concern for the target unaffected. In this regard, future research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this effect.
Asymmetric, biocatalytic labeled compound synthesis using transaminases (2012)

The use of transaminases for the incorporation of deuterium and tritium in chiral amines starting from prochiral ketone precursors has been demonstrated. Efficient labeling was demonstrated using a variety of ketone substrates. Amplification of the labeled product was observed, with tritium incorporation enriched up to 2.8X the statistically expected levels of labeling.
A 22-Gb/s Time-Interleaved Low-Power Optical Receiver With a Two-Bit Integrating Front End (2020)

This article presents the implementation of a novel 22-Gb/s energy-efficient optoelectronic receiver architecture in 65-nm CMOS for short-reach optical communication. The receiver incorporates four sub receivers with a two-bit integrating resettable front-end in each sub receiver. The inputs to two of the four sub receivers are optically delayed by one bit and two complementary quarter-rate clock phases are used to completely recover the data. The two-bit integrating low-bandwidth front end replaces the full-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier used in conventional optoelectronic receivers, resulting in improved energy efficiency. The low-bandwidth operation is enabled by using a capacitor at the input and by amplifying the two-bit integrated voltage with low-bandwidth voltage gain stages that require a bandwidth of only 35% of the operating data rate. The receiver performs a 1:4 demultiplexing operation by only using two quarter-rate clock phases instead of the four phases that are conventionally used in a quarter-rate clocking system. This clocking scheme reduces complexity while maintaining the same timing margin of the quarter-rate systems. This two-clock phase system is enabled by optical delay lines and splitters. The receiver is experimentally validated with a 1550-nm photodetector array wire bonded to the four inputs. The electronic part of the receiver achieves error-free transmission (BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ) at 22 Gb/s with an energy efficiency of 1.43 pJ/bit and an average sensitivity of -7.8 dBm (or -6.2 dBm optically modulated amplitude) with a 1.09-V supply.
The fast neutron response of silicon carbide semiconductor radiation detectors (2005)

Fast neutron response measurements are reported for radiation detectors based on large-volume SiC p-i-n diodes. Multiple reaction peaks are observed for 14-MeV neutron reactions with the silicon and carbon nuclides in the SiC detector. A high degree of linearity is observed for the /sup 28/Si(n,/spl alpha//sub 1/) reaction set of six energy levels in the product /sup 25/Mg nucleus, and pulse height defect differences between the observed /sup 12/C(n,/spl alpha//sub 0/) and /sup 28/Si(n,/spl alpha//sub 1/) energy responses are discussed. Energy spectrometry applications in fission and fusion neutron fields are also discussed.
CD4+Foxp3+CD25+ regulatory T cells differentiate into IL-17-producing cells and promote immunopathology during Chlamydia genital tract infection (P3211) (2013)

Abstract CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to promote de novo Th17 differentiation and to themselves convert into IL-17-producing cells in certain inflammatory settings. However, whether Tregs can potentiate IL-17/Th17 responses to intracellular bacterial infection has not been established. Using a murine model of Chlamydia, we found that Tregs produced IL-17 upon Chlamydia infection and promoted IL-17 production by conventional CD4+ T cells in vitro. Correspondingly, in vivo depletion of Tregs by anti-CD25 antibody dramatically reduced the induction of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells during Chlamydia genital tract infection. Consistent with reduced IL-17 responses, Treg-depleted mice displayed striking amelioration of neutrophil infiltration and pathology in genital tract tissue relative to control mice, despite comparable bacterial burden throughout the course of infection. Collectively, our data demonstrate an important role for Tregs in promoting IL-17/Th17 responses during intracellular bacterial infection.
Data from Tasquinimod Modulates Suppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapies in Murine Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A major barrier for cancer immunotherapy is the presence of suppressive cell populations in patients with cancer, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Tasquinimod is a novel antitumor agent that is currently at an advanced stage of clinical development for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. A target of tasquinimod is the inflammatory protein S100A9, which has been demonstrated to affect the accumulation and function of tumor-suppressive myeloid cells. Here, we report that tasquinimod provided a significant enhancement to the antitumor effects of two different immunotherapeutics in mouse models of cancer: a tumor vaccine (SurVaxM) for prostate cancer and a tumor-targeted superantigen (TTS) for melanoma. In the combination strategies, tasquinimod inhibited distinct MDSC populations and TAMs of the M2-polarized phenotype (CD206&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;). CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; myeloid cells isolated from tumors of treated mice expressed lower levels of arginase-1 and higher levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and were less immunosuppressive &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt;, which translated into a significantly reduced tumor-promoting capacity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; when these cells were coinjected with tumor cells. Tumor-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells were increased markedly in the circulation and in tumors. Furthermore, T-cell effector functions, including cell-mediated cytotoxicity and IFNγ production, were potentiated. Taken together, these data suggest that pharmacologic targeting of suppressive myeloid cells by tasquinimod induces therapeutic benefit and provide the rationale for clinical testing of tasquinimod in combination with cancer immunotherapies. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 3(2); 136–48. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Wavelet based bank of correlators approach for phonocardiogram signal classification (2002)

This paper presents a methodology for detecting all the components of the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal based on a time-scale map obtained from a proposed wavelet based bank of correlators, without the aid of any additional reference signal to provide cardiac phase information. The cardiac phase information is obtained during the classification phase. The novel approach, namely the wavelet based bank of correlators approach uses the Morlet wavelets as the correlating filters. In this paper, the rationale for the choice of Morlet wavelets as the correlating filter is also developed. A complete scheme for detection and classification of PCG signals based on a simple perceptron is also presented.
Figure S1 from TAS6417, A Novel EGFR Inhibitor Targeting Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Synthesis procedures and characterization data for the synthesis of TAS6417&lt;/p&gt;
Intra‐thoracic blood volume measurement by contrast magnetic resonance imaging (2009)

The intra-thoracic blood volume (ITBV) is a cardiovascular parameter related to the cardiac preload and left ventricular function. Its assessment is, therefore, important for diagnosis and follow-up of several cardiovascular dysfunctions. Nowadays, the ITBV can be accurately measured only by invasive indicator dilution techniques, which require a double catheterization of the patient. In this study, a novel technique is presented for ITBV assessment by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging after intravenous injection of a small bolus of gadolinium chelate. The dose was chosen on the basis of in vitro calibration. The bolus first pass is detected from a simultaneous dynamic image series of the right and left ventricles. Two indicator dilution curves are derived and used to inspect the transpulmonary dilution system. Various mathematical models for the interpretation of the measured indicator dilution curves are compared. The ITBV is assessed as the product of the transpulmonary mean transit time of the indicator and the cardiac output, obtained by phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography. In vitro measurements showed a correlation coefficient larger than 0.99 and preliminary tests with volunteers proved the feasibility of the method, opening new possibilities for noninvasive quantitative cardiovascular diagnostics.
High spatial resolution, high energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction characterization of residual strains and stresses in laser shock peened Inconel 718SPF alloy (2012)

Laser shock peening (LSP) is an advanced surface enhancement technique used to enhance the fatigue strength of metal parts by imparting deep compressive residual stresses. In the present study, LSP was performed on IN718 SPF alloy, a fine grained nickel-based superalloy, with three different power densities and depth resolved residual strain and stress characterization was conducted using high energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction in beam line 1-ID-C at the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National laboratory. A fine probe size and conical slits were used to non-destructively obtain data from specific gauge volumes in the samples, allowing for high-resolution strain measurements. The results show that LSP introduces deep compressive residual stresses and the magnitude and depth of these stresses depend on the energy density of the laser. The LSP induced residual stresses were also simulated using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis, with employment of the Johnson-Cook model for describing the nonlinear materials constitutive behavior. Good agreement between the experimental and simulated data was obtained. These various results are presented and discussed.
Fluorescent Superparamagnetic Core-Shell Nanostructures: Facile Synthesis of Fe@C-CN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; Particles for Reusable Photocatalysts (2019)

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid fluorescent superparamagnetic core-shell particles of Fe@C-CNx composition are presented for the first time. The prepared Fe@C-CNx hybrid nanoparticles were found to possess multifunctionality by exhibiting strong superparamagnetic properties and bright fluorescence emissions at 500 nm after the excitation with light in the UV-visible range. Fe@C-CNx also exhibits photocatalytic activities for organic dye degradation comparable to pure amorphous CNx with reusability through magnetic separation. The combination of magnetic and fluorescent properties of core-shell Fe@C-CNx nanoparticles opens opportunities for their application as sensors and magnet manipulated reusable photocatalysts. Superparamagnetic Fe@C core-shell nanoparticles were used as the template material in the synthesis, where the carbon shell was functionalized through one-step free-radical addition of alkyl groups terminated with carboxylic acid moieties. The method utilizes the organic acyl peroxide of dicarboxylic acid (succinic acid peroxide) as a non-oxidant functional free radical precursor for functionalization. Further, covalently functionalized succinyl-Fe@C core-shell nanoparticles were coated with the amorphous carbon nitride (CNx) generated by an in-situ solution-based chemical reaction of cyanuric chloride with lithium nitride. A detailed physicochemical characterization of the microstructure, magnetic and fluorescence properties of the synthesized hybrid nanoparticles is provided.
Execution memory for grounding and coordination (2013)

As robots are introduced into human environments for long periods of time, human owners and collaborators will expect them to remember shared events that occur during execution. Beyond naturalness of having memories about recent and longer-term engagements with people, such execution memories can be important in tasks that persist over time by allowing robots to ground their dialog and to refer efficiently to previous events. In this work, we define execution memory as the capability of saving interaction event information and recalling it for later use. We divide the problem into four parts: salience filtering of sensor evidence and saving to short term memory, archiving from short to long term memory and caching from long to short term memory, and recalling memories for use in state inference and policy execution. We then provide examples of how execution memory can be used to enhance user experience with robots.
Visual analytics of cyber physical data streams using spatio-temporal radial pixel visualization (2013)

Cyber physical systems (CPS), such as smart buildings and data centers, are richly instrumented systems composed of tightly coupled computational and physical elements that generate large amounts of data. To explore CPS data and obtain actionable insights, we present a new approach called Radial Pixel Visualization (RPV); which uses multiple concentric rings to show the data in a compact circular layout of pixel cells, each ring containing the values for a specific variable over time and each pixel cell representing an individual data value at a specific time. RPV provides an effective visual representation of locality and periodicity of the high volume, multivariate data streams. RPVs may have an additional analysis ring for highlighting the results of correlation analysis or peak point detection. Our real-world applications demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The application examples show how RPV can help CPS administrators to identify periodic thermal hot spots, find root-causes of the cooling problems, understand building energy consumption, and optimize IT-services workloads.
Relativistic pulse compression (1991)

Tunable radiation can be produced by Doppler upshifting light from a laser-generated moving ionization front. We analyze this technique as a method of generating ultrashort tunable light pulses in the UV to extreme UV (XUV) regions of the spectrum and demonstrate the possibility of generating subfemtosecond short-wavelength light pulses. Using realistic and technologically achievable experimental conditions and including dispersion of a pulse reflected from a finite-rise-time multiphoton-ionization-produced ionization front, we show that a single-cycle far-infrared (FIR) pulse can be compressed in time and frequency into a pulse substantially shorter than any light pulse demonstrated to date. We show that arbitrarily large upshifts are achievable using this technique, making it a potentially competitive way of producing tunable XUV radiation. The multiphoton ionization mechanism by which the ionization front is created is an important factor in determining the reflectivity of the ionization front.
Spatiotemporal Gradient Analysis of Differential Microphone Arrays (2009)

The literature on gradient and differential microphone arrays makes a distinction between the two types, but it nevertheless shows how both types can be used to obtain the same directional responses. A more theoretically sound rationale for using delays in differential microphone arrays has not yet been given. A gradient analysis of the sound field viewed as a spatiotemporal phenomenon is presented, giving a theoretical interpretation of the working principles of gradient and differential microphone arrays. It is shown that both types of microphone arrays can be viewed as devices for approximately measuring spatiotemporal derivatives of the sound field. Furthermore the design of high-order differential microphone arrays using the aforementioned spatiotemporal gradient analysis is discussed.
Shigella chromosomal IpaH proteins are secreted via the type III secretion system and act as effectors (2006)

Shigella possess 220 kb plasmid, and the major virulence determinants, called effectors, and the type III secretion system (TTSS) are exclusively encoded by the plasmid. The genome sequences of S. flexneri strains indicate that several ipaH family genes are located on both the plasmid and the chromosome, but whether their chromosomal IpaH cognates can be secreted from Shigella remains unknown. Here we report that S. flexneri strain, YSH6000 encodes seven ipaH cognate genes on the chromosome and that the IpaH proteins are secreted via the TTSS. The secretion kinetics of IpaH proteins by bacteria, however, showed delay compared with those of IpaB, IpaC and IpaD. Expression of the each mRNA of ipaH in Shigella was increased after bacterial entry into epithelial cells, and the IpaH proteins were secreted by intracellular bacteria. Although individual chromosomal ipaH deletion mutants showed no appreciable changes in the pathogenesis in a mouse pulmonary infection model, the DeltaipaH-null mutant, whose chromosome lacks all ipaH genes, was attenuated to mice lethality. Indeed, the histological examination for mouse lungs infected with the DeltaipaH-null showed a greater inflammatory response than induced by wild-type Shigella, suggesting that the chromosomal IpaH proteins act synergistically as effectors to modulate the host inflammatory responses.
Label‐free multiphoton imaging flow cytometry (2023)

Label-free imaging flow cytometry is a powerful tool for biological and medical research as it overcomes technical challenges in conventional fluorescence-based imaging flow cytometry that predominantly relies on fluorescent labeling. To date, two distinct types of label-free imaging flow cytometry have been developed, namely optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase imaging flow cytometry and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging flow cytometry. Unfortunately, these two methods are incapable of probing some important molecules such as starch and collagen. Here, we present another type of label-free imaging flow cytometry, namely multiphoton imaging flow cytometry, for visualizing starch and collagen in live cells with high throughput. Our multiphoton imaging flow cytometer is based on nonlinear optical imaging whose image contrast is provided by two optical nonlinear effects: four-wave mixing (FWM) and second-harmonic generation (SHG). It is composed of a microfluidic chip with an acoustic focuser, a lab-made laser scanning SHG-FWM microscope, and a high-speed image acquisition circuit to simultaneously acquire FWM and SHG images of flowing cells. As a result, it acquires FWM and SHG images (100 × 100 pixels) with a spatial resolution of 500 nm and a field of view of 50 μm × 50 μm at a high event rate of four to five events per second, corresponding to a high throughput of 560-700 kb/s, where the event is defined by the passage of a cell or a cell-like particle. To show the utility of our multiphoton imaging flow cytometer, we used it to characterize Chromochloris zofingiensis (NIES-2175), a unicellular green alga that has recently attracted attention from the industrial sector for its ability to efficiently produce valuable materials for bioplastics, food, and biofuel. Our statistical image analysis found that starch was distributed at the center of the cells at the early cell cycle stage and became delocalized at the later stage. Multiphoton imaging flow cytometry is expected to be an effective tool for statistical high-content studies of biological functions and optimizing the evolution of highly productive cell strains.
Paronychia Due toPrevotella biviaThat Resulted in Amputation: Fast and Correct Bacteriological Diagnosis Is Crucial (2003)

Prevotella bivia is mainly associated with endometritis. The case of a patient with paronychia in a thumb due to P. bivia resulting in osteitis and amputation is reported. The species was not acknowledged in the first bacterial culture 2 weeks before surgery.