gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 0.5 V, 9-GHz Sub-Integer Frequency Synthesizer Using Multi-Phase Injection-Locked Prescaler for Phase-Switching-Based Programmable Division With Automatic Injection-Lock Calibration in 45-nm CMOS (2019)

A 9-GHz sub-integer frequency synthesizer incorporates a multi-phase injection-locked ring-oscillator-based prescaler for operation at an ultra-low supply voltage of 0.5 V, phase-switching-based programmable division for sub-integer frequency synthesis, and automatic calibration to ensure injection lock. The synthesizer consumes 3.5 mW of power at 9.12 GHz and 0.05 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of area, while showing an output phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and RMS jitter of 325 fs; it achieves a net FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> of -186.5 in a 45-nm SOI CMOS process.
TWEAK mediates inflammation in experimental atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (2017)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are driven by alternate type 2 and type 17 immune responses, but some proteins might be critical to both diseases. Here we show that a deficiency of the TNF superfamily molecule TWEAK (TNFSF12) in mice results in defective maintenance of AD-specific T helper type 2 (Th2) and psoriasis-specific Th17 cells in the skin, and impaired expression of disease-characteristic chemokines and cytokines, such as CCL17 and TSLP in AD, and CCL20 and IL-19 in psoriasis. The TWEAK receptor, Fn14, is upregulated in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, and TWEAK induces these cytokines and chemokines alone and in synergy with the signature T helper cytokines of either disease, IL-13 and IL-17. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of recombinant TWEAK into naive mice induces cutaneous inflammation with histological and molecular signs of both diseases. TWEAK is therefore a critical contributor to skin inflammation and a possible therapeutic target in AD and psoriasis.
Semipolar $(20\bar{2}1)$ GaN templates on sapphire: 432 nm InGaN light-emitting diodes and light extraction simulations (2018)

Semipolar InGaN 432 nm light-emitting diodes were demonstrated on semipolar GaN templates grown on patterned sapphire. Packaged devices exhibited a light output power of 4.7 mW at 100 A/cm2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 1.3%. Atom probe tomography characterization indicated detectable bending in quantum wells as a result of significant roughening from regrowth on the semipolar templates, while no indium clustering effect was observed. Light extraction simulations were also performed to estimate the improvement in light extraction efficiency using patterned sapphire compared with the use of planar templates.
Algebraic properties of BEM‐FEM coupling with Whitney elements (2005)

Purpose To introduce a Whitney‐element based coupling of the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Boundary Element Method (BEM); to discuss the algebraic properties of the resulting system and propose solver strategies. Design/methodology/approach The FEM is interpreted in the framework of the theory of discrete electromagnetism (DEM). The BEM formulation is given in a DEM‐compatible notation. This allows for a physical interpretation of the algebraic properties of the resulting BEM‐FEM system matrix. To these ends we give a concise introduction to the mathematical concepts of DEM. Findings Although the BEM‐FEM system matrix is not symmetric, its kernel is equivalent to the kernel of its transpose. This surprising finding allows for the use of two solution techniques: regularization or an adapted GMRES solver. Research limitations/implications The programming of the proposed techniques is a work in progress. The numerical results to support the presented theory are limited to a small number of test cases. Practical implications The paper will help to improve the understanding of the topological and geometrical implications in the algebraic structure of the BEM‐FEM coupling. Originality/value Several original concepts are presented: a new interpretation of the FEM boundary term leads to an intuitive understanding of the coupling of BEM and FEM. The adapted GMRES solver allows for an accurate solution of a singular, unsymetric system with a right‐hand side that is not in the image of the matrix. The issue of a grid‐transfer matrix is briefly mentioned.
Optical Losses of Frontal Layers in Superstrate CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Using OPAL2 (2021)

In this paper, optical losses in CdS/CdTe solar cells are calculated on the basis of the designated reflective index of various frontal layers using an OPAL2 calculator for the first time. Two types of glass (0.1 mm ultra-thin Schott and 1.1 mm standard borosilicate glass) were assumed to be coated by different Transparent-Conducting-Oxides (TCOs) such as SnO2:F, ZnO:Al, and ITO forming frontal layers for CdS/CdTe solar cells in superstrate configuration. Absorption, reflectance, transmittance, and consequently optical bandgap energies are calculated as a function of common thicknesses, used in the literature. The results show that an increase in TCO thickness led to a decrease in optical band gap as well as an enhancement in contact potential difference, which can deteriorate device performance. The optimum thickness of 100 nm for SnO2:F was calculated, while 200 nm for ZnO:Al and ITO show reasonable optical losses caused by reflections at the interfaces’ and the layer’s absorption. It is seen that 80 to 150 nm CdS on ITO might be an effective range to satisfy a high short circuit current and low defect densities at the CdS/CdTe interface. Finally, a minimum 2 μm thickness for the CdTe on the ultra-thin Schott glass coated by optimum layers can result in the highest short circuit current of 28.69 mA/cm2. This work offers a practical equivalent strategy to be applied for any superstrate solar cells containing TCO and CdS frontal layers.
Low-voltage organic thin film transistors and circuits with molecular gate dielectrics (2005)

To reduce the operating voltage of organic thin film transistors (TFTs) to a few volts (similar to state of the art silicon integrated circuits), a molecular thin film transistor concept based on an ultra thin molecular self assembled monolayer (SAM) gate dielectric in combination with a high mobility organic semiconductor is presented. Having a gate dielectric thickness of 2.5 nm, these TFTs can be operated with supply voltages of less than 2 V. The TFTs have a carrier mobility up to 1 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs, an on/off current ratio of 10<sup>6</sup>, and a subthreshold swing of 100 mV/decade. Owing to the excellent insulation properties of the SAM dielectric, the TFTs have lower gate leakage than silicon MOSFETs with a thermally grown SiO<sub>2</sub> dielectric of similar thickness. Results on the first integrated circuits (inverters and ring oscillators) with molecular gate dielectrics, manufactured on glass and on flexible polymeric substrates, demonstrate the practicability of the molecular dielectric approach for applications.
A High‐Performance Gas‐Separation Membrane Containing Submicrometer‐Sized Metal–Organic Framework Crystals (2010)

Der Schlüssel für die ungewöhnlich hohe Leistung der auf Metall-organischen Gerüsten (MOFs) beruhenden ZIF-90/6FDA-DAM Membran (leerer rosafarbener Kreis im Diagramm, jenseits der oberen Grenze für Polymermembranen) bei der CO2/CH4-Trennung ist die Kombination eines hoch selektiven MOF in Form submikrometergroßer Kristalle mit einem hoch durchlässigen Polymer als Gastrennungsmembran. Die ZIF-90-Kristalle wurden durch eine nicht durch das Lösungsmittel induzierte Kristallisation erhalten. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Low Index Asymmetric Bound States in the Continuum for Low Loss Integrated Photonics (2020)

Radiative and intrinsic losses are significant challenges faced by near-zero-index materials. Zero-index photonic crystals with Bound States in the Continuum are able to overcome these challenges. Here we experimentally verify the combined effects in a novel photonic crystal design.
On the integration of context-based heterogeneous middleware for ubiquitous computing (2008)

The use of context provision middleware is a promising approach for dealing with the low-level functions involved in handling contextual events when building ubiquitous applications. Several middleware platforms are currently available that provide support for context handling, each one adopting different models for interacting with applications and representing contextual data, and aiming at handling different types of context. There are ubiquitous applications that need dealing with a high degree of heterogeneous context sources and detection of complex event patterns thus requiring support of different and often noninteroperable middleware platforms. For this kind of application, developers must handle the platform heterogeneity, thus increasing the complexity of the application code. To address this issue, we propose OpenCOPI (Open COntext Platform Integration), a context platform that integrates several context provision middleware and provides common services for handling the composition of contextual events in order to offer a unified context platform. This paper introduces OpenCOPI and details its composition event service, CES, showing the integrating of two context middleware. The paper also describes a case study, based on a Meeting Detection System, to illustrate the use of CES.
Aromatic Amination of Aryl Bromides Catalyzed by Copper/β‐Diketone Catalysts: The Effect of Concentration. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnetoencephalography Source Localization Using the Source Affine Image Reconstruction (SAFFIRE) Algorithm (2010)

Nonparametric iterative algorithms have been previously proposed to achieve high-resolution, sparse solutions to the bioelectromagnetic inverse problem applicable to multichannel magnetoencephalography and EEG recordings. Using a mmse estimation framework, we propose a new algorithm of this type denoted as source affine image reconstruction (SAFFIRE) aiming to reduce the vulnerability to initialization bias, augment robustness to noise, and decrease sensitivity to the choice of regularization. The proposed approach operates in a normalized lead-field space and employs an initial estimate based on matched filtering to combat the potential biasing effect of previously proposed initialization methods. SAFFIRE minimizes difficulties associated with the selection of the most appropriate regularization parameter by using two separate loading terms: a fixed noise-dependent term that can be directly estimated from the data and arises naturally from the mmse formulation, and an adaptive term (adjusted according to the update of the source estimate) that accounts for uncertainties of the forward model in real-experimental applications. We also show that a noncoherent integration scheme can be used within the SAFFIRE algorithm structure to further enhance the reconstruction accuracy and improve robustness to noise.
C1-, C2-, and C3-Modified Carbazole Derivatives as Promising Host Materials for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2020)

Herein we unveiled the synthetic approach to C1-, C2-, and C3-modified carbazoles for the first time and designed high-triplet-energy bipolar host materials for green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices. The compounds revealed excellent performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency as high as 23.6% and extremely low-efficiency roll-off of 2.1% at high brightness of 1000 cd/m<sup>2</sup>.
Knee (1996)

Many important tissues in the knee joint consist of a dense collagen in a highly organized structure and a significant amount of free and bound water molecules. These tissues include the meniscus, tendons, ligaments, cortical bone, deep layer of cartilage, and synovium. All these tissues play a key role in important disease processes such as osteoarthritis, yet are difficult to evaluate on clinical MRI due to rapid decay of the MR signal. The highly aligned nature of the collagen causes rapid dephasing of the water magnetization and short T 2 relaxation times. MR imaging using short echo times (1–5 ms) can create signal from some of these tissues such as the knee meniscus. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI methods, with echo times as short as 8 μs, have the potential to greatly improve our evaluation of meniscus, ligaments, and tendons. Once we can generate a signal from these tissues, it is possible to measure and quantify properties such as T 2, T 2 *, and T 1ρ relaxation times. Quantification of tissue properties allows us to study them under normal physiologic adaptation to stress and in disease processes. Short-echo-time and UTE MRI will improve our understanding of these short T 2 tissues and the role they play in development of osteoarthritis and other joint diseases.
Leeomic: A comprehensive proteomic analysis towards discovery of predictive patterns of protein expression to ribociclib sensitivity and resistance—A compLEEment-1 Canadian correlative sub-study. (2019)

TPS3170 Background: Despite developments in the treatment of advanced hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer, primary or acquired resistance eventually occurs in all cases and there is still very limited understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to therapy. LEEOMIC is a sub-study of the main CompLEEment-1 ( N = 3255 patients enrolled, CLEE011A2404 v03) trial, an open-label, phase 3b study evaluating ribociclib + letrozole as first-line therapy in an expanded advanced breast cancer patient population which recruited over 250 Canadian patients. The purpose of this Canadian correlative sample collection study is to explore the mechanisms of response and resistance to ribociclib in combination with letrozole through proteomic and ctDNA analysis. Methods: The British Columbia Cancer Research Centre team developed a novel and optimized MS/MS platform called SP3-Clinical Tissue Proteomics (SP3-CTP) to perform in-depth proteome profiling ( &gt; 8,000 proteins) from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) material (10-micron section). SP3-CTP analysis of the proteome of the study patients who did not achieve clinical benefit (primary resistance: progression within 3 months of treatment) will be compared to the proteome of the sub-group of prolonged responders (time to progression of 22 months or more) in order to identify biomarkers that can predict response or de-novo resistance to therapy. Archival tumor biopsies (primary or metastatic) collected from the study will be submitted for proteomic analysis to identify proteomic expression levels that may serve as predictor of response. It is anticipated that over 150 samples will be collected. If available, blood samples taken at time of progression or end of treatment will also be analyzed for ctDNA for genetic profiling and to study if there is any correlation between genetic mutations and response or resistance to therapy. Currently, both tissue and blood samples are being collected and no analysis has been conducted thus far. Clinical trial information: NCT03613220.
Microscope-on-chip: combining lens-free microscopy with integrated photonics (2015)

Lens-free in-line Holographic Microscopy (LHM) is a promising imaging technique for many biomedical and industrial applications. The main advantage of the technique is the simplicity of the imaging hardware, requiring no lenses nor high-precision mechanical components. Nevertheless, the LHM systems achieve high imaging performance only in combination with a high-quality and complex illumination. Furthermore, to achieve truly high-throughput imaging capabilities, many applications require a complete on-chip integration. We demonstrate the strength, versatility and scalability of our integrated approach on two microscopes-on-chip instances that combine image sensor technologies with photonics (and micro-fluidics): a fully integrated Point-Source (PS) LHM module for in-flow cell inspection and Large Field-of-View (LFoV) microscope with on-chip photonic illumination for large-area imaging applications. The proposed PS-LHM module consists of a photonic illumination, a micro-fluidic channel and an imager, integrated in a total volume smaller than 0.5 mm<sup>3</sup>. A low-loss single-mode photonic waveguide is adapted to generate a high- NA illumination spot. Experimental results show strong focusing capabilities and sufficient overall coupling efficiency. Current PS-LHM prototype reaches imaging resolution below 600nm. Our LFoV-LHM system is extremely vertically compact as it consists of only one 1mm-thick illumination chip and one 3mm-thick imaging module. The illumination chip is based on fractal-layout phase-matched waveguides designed to generate multiple light sources that create a quasi-planar illumination wavefront over an area few square millimeter large. Current illumination prototype has active area of approximately 1.2&times;1.2mm<sup>2</sup>. Our LFoV-LHM prototype reaches imaging resolution of 870nm using image sensor with 1.12&mu;m pixel pitch with maximum FoV of 16.47mm<sup>2</sup>.
Cobalt-Containing Silicotungstate Sandwich Dimer [{Co3(B-β-SiW9O33(OH))(B-β-SiW8O29(OH)2)}2]22- (2005)

The 6-cobalt-substituted [{Co3(B-beta-SiW9O33(OH))(B-beta-SiW8O29(OH)2)}2]22- has been characterized by IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, magnetic studies, electrochemistry, and gel filtration chromatography. A single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out on K10Na12[{Co3(B-beta-SiW9O33(OH))(B-beta-SiW8O29(OH)2)}2].49H2O (KNa-1), which crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, with a=19.9466(8) A, b=24.6607(10) A, c=34.0978(13) A, beta=102.175(1) degrees, and Z=2. Polyanion 1 represents a novel class of asymmetric sandwich-type polyanions. It contains three cobalt ions, which are encapsulated between an unprecedented (B-beta-SiW9O34) fragment and a (B-beta-SiW8O31) unit. Polyanion 1 is composed of two sandwich species via two Co-O-W bridges in the solid state and almost certainly in solution as well based on gel filtration chromatography. UV-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry also confirmed its stability. Two well-separated groups of waves appeared in the voltammetric pattern: the wave observed in the negative potential range versus a saturated calomel electrode features the redox processes of WVI centers; the two reversible redox couples observed in the positive potential domain are attributed to the redox processes of Co2+ centers and indicated that the two types of Co2+ centers in the structure are oxidized in separate waves. Such reversibility of Co2+ centers within multi-Co-substituted polyoxometalates is uncommon. The magnetic properties of KNa-1 are also discussed. The ferromagnetic ground state has been studied by magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements and fitted according to an anisotropic exchange model.
Endpoint Detection in Low Open Area TSV Fabrication Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (2014)

Through-silicon via (TSV) technology is a key enabler for 3-D and 2.5-D integration, which provides low-power and high-bandwidth chip-to-chip communication. During TSV fabrication, over-etching may cause notching at the base of the TSVs, resulting in TSV diameter variations. Endpoint detection (EPD) techniques are critical for controlling TSV diameter, and detecting the endpoint for low open areas presents a serious challenge to process engineers. In this paper, a hybrid partial least squares-support vector machine model for optical emission spectroscopy data are successfully demonstrated for an EPD of low open area TSVs. Accurate EPD results are shown for 120, 80, and 25 \(\mu\) m diameter TSVs.
Modification of the photochemical reactivity of the cyclic ethylene acetal of .alpha.-bromopropiophenone by adsorption within zeolites. A combined contribution of Lewis acidity and cage effect in the formation of a 2-phenylpropanoate via 1,2-phenyl shift (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of the photochemical reactivity of the cyclic ethylene acetal of .alpha.-bromopropiophenone by adsorption within zeolites. A combined contribution of Lewis acidity and cage effect in the formation of a 2-phenylpropanoate via 1,2-phenyl shiftAvelino Corma, Hermenegildo Garcia, Miguel A. Miranda, Jaime Primo, and Maria J. SabaterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 24, 6892–6894Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00076a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00076a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy harvesting with coupled magnetostrictive resonators (2014)

We report the investigation of an energy harvesting system composed of coupled resonators with the magnetostrictive material Galfenol (FeGa). A coupled system of meso-scale (1-10 cm) cantilever beams for harvesting vibration energy is described for powering and aiding the performance of low-power wireless sensor nodes. Galfenol is chosen in this work for its durability, compared to the brittleness often encountered with piezoelectric materials, and high magnetomechanical coupling. A lumped model, which captures both the mechanical and electrical behavior of the individual transducers, is first developed. The values of the lumped element parameters are then derived empirically from fabricated beams in order to compare the model to experimental measurements. The governing equations of the coupled system lead to a system of differential equations with all-to-all coupling between transducers. An analysis of the system equations reveals different patterns of collective oscillations. Among the many different patterns, a synchronous state appears to yield the maximum energy that can be harvested by the system. Experiments on coupled system shows that the coupled system exhibits synchronization and an increment in the output power. Discussion of the required power converters is also included.