gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards the Fabrication of Ultra-Thin SOI on Si (001) using Epitaxial Oxide and Epitaxial Semiconductor Growth Processes (2006)

Silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates will be required to reduce capacitive coupling and other parasitic effects as device scaling continues. ITRS projections point to a future need for SOI buried oxide layers as thin as 10 nm, and Si channel thickness potentially as low as 5 nm for fully- depleted ultra-thin-body devices. For such thin layers, conventional SOI fabrication processes become increasingly difficult. Progress towards fabricating ultra-thin SOI on Si (001) through an all-growth approach is presented. All steps are performed sequentially in situ, with no wet chemical processing. Starting with a Si wafer as large as 8 , our approach is to: 1) deposit a thin commensurate epitaxial oxide layer such as Ca1-xSrxTiO3; 2) oxidize to grow an interface SiO2 layer ('floating' the epitaxial oxide) for stress relief and lowering of the dielectric constant; and 3) deposit epitaxial Si or Si1-xGex to complete the fabrication process.
A video-based virtual reality system (1999)

We introduce a new environment to make and play interactive contents with more than video game quality. The system consists of a projector array, a viewer and an editor for the special contents. The projector array projects multiple digital images seamlessly both in time and space, thus a very high quality video projection system. The viewer features a function to composite a passive video and interactive CG in real time. The editor is a high-end non-linear editing system combined with some new plug-in software to pre-compute the information necessary for real-time compositing. A new method of digital image recognition assisted by human operators is used. Unlike general purpose computer vision algorithms, it minimizes the error of 3D estimation at the compositing position. We call this approach V2R or the video-based virtual reality. It allows the operator to experience interactive communications with objects in a very high quality video.
Substitution of silicon within the rhombohedral boron carbide (B4C) crystal lattice through high-energy ball-milling (2015)

Substitution of silicon within the rhombohedral boron carbide (B<sub>4</sub>C) crystal lattice at moderate temperatures (∼200–400 °C) achieved through high-energy ball-milling.
Cloaking the underlying long-range order of randomly perturbed lattices (2020)

Random, uncorrelated displacements of particles on a lattice preserve the hyperuniformity of the original lattice, that is, normalized density fluctuations vanish in the limit of infinite wavelengths. In addition to a diffuse contribution, the scattering intensity from the the resulting point pattern typically inherits the Bragg peaks (long-range order) of the original lattice. Here we demonstrate how these Bragg peaks can be hidden in the effective diffraction pattern of independent and identically distributed perturbations. All Bragg peaks vanish if and only if the sum of all probability densities of the positions of the shifted lattice points is a constant at all positions. The underlying long-range order is then "cloaked" in the sense that it cannot be reconstructed from the pair correlation function alone. On the one hand, density fluctuations increase monotonically with the strength of perturbations a, as measured by the hyperuniformity order metric Λ[over ¯]. On the other hand, the disappearance and reemergence of long-range order, depending on whether the system is cloaked as the perturbation strength increases, is manifestly captured by the τ order metric. Therefore, while the perturbation strength a may seem to be a natural choice for an order metric of perturbed lattices, the τ order metric is a superior choice. It is noteworthy that cloaked perturbed lattices allow one to easily simulate very large samples (with at least 10^{6} particles) of disordered hyperuniform point patterns without Bragg peaks.
Improved Methods for Deterring Cliff Swallow Nesting on Highway Structures (2010)

Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) are migratory birds that frequently nest on highway structures, such as bridges. Because cliff swallows are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, nesting control methods must not harm cliff swallows or disturb active nests. This can cause delays for maintenance divisions of state departments of transportation, resulting in additional cost. In a multiyear project, we evaluated the effects of bioacoustic deterrents and bridge surface modifications on nesting behavior of cliff swallows. We used cliff swallow alarm and distress calls as bioacoustic deterrents (hereafter, broadcast calls [BC]) because they previously had been shown to delay the onset of nesting. We used low-friction plastic sheeting (PTFE, commonly called by its trade name, Teflon®) and silicone-based paint for bridge surface modification. In 2007, swallows were able to complete nests on silicone paint, but did not successfully complete any nests on PTFE. In 2008, PTFE+BC treatment significantly reduced nesting compared with no treatment, although some nests were completed at PTFE and PTFE+BC sites on the bare concrete next to the sheeting or at locations where sheeting had peeled away. We recommend treatment with PTFE+BC to reduce the likelihood of cliff swallow nesting on bridge surfaces, but this should be supplemented with weekly site visits to check treatment integrity and to remove any partial nests on untreated surfaces.
Highly reliable copper dual-damascene interconnects with self-formed MnSi/sub x/O/sub y/ barrier Layer (2006)

Copper (Cu) dual-damascene interconnects with a self-formed MnSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> barrier layer were successfully fabricated. Transmission electron microscopy shows that approximately 2-nm thick and continuous MnSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> layer was formed at the interface of Cu and dielectric SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and that no barrier was formed at the via bottom because no oxygen was at the via bottom during annealing. No leakage-current increase was observed, and electron energy loss analysis shows that no Cu was in SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , suggesting that MnSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> layer has sufficient barrier properties for Cu, and that the concept of self-forming barrier process works in Cu dual-damascene interconnects. Via chain yield of more than 90% and 50% reduction in via resistance were obtained as compared with physical vapor deposited tantalum barrier, because there is no barrier at the via bottom. In addition, no failure in the stress-induced voiding measurement was found even after a 1600-h testing. No failure in electromigration (EM) testing was found, as the electron flow is from the lower level interconnects through via up to upper level interconnects even after 1000-h testing. At least, four times EM lifetime improvement was obtained in the case of electron flow from upper level interconnect through via down to lower level interconnects. Significant EM lifetime improvement is due to no flux divergence site at the via bottom, resulting from there being no bottom barrier at the via
WormBase 2016: expanding to enable helminth genomic research (2015)

WormBase (www.wormbase.org) is a central repository for research data on the biology, genetics and genomics of Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes. The project has evolved from its original remit to collect and integrate all data for a single species, and now extends to numerous nematodes, ranging from evolutionary comparators of C. elegans to parasitic species that threaten plant, animal and human health. Research activity using C. elegans as a model system is as vibrant as ever, and we have created new tools for community curation in response to the ever-increasing volume and complexity of data. To better allow users to navigate their way through these data, we have made a number of improvements to our main website, including new tools for browsing genomic features and ontology annotations. Finally, we have developed a new portal for parasitic worm genomes. WormBase ParaSite (parasite.wormbase.org) contains all publicly available nematode and platyhelminth annotated genome sequences, and is designed specifically to support helminth genomic research.
Effect of ciprofloxacin on human lymphocytes--laboratory studies. (1989)

4-Quinolones affect mammalian cellular functions in vitro in several ways. Inhibition of cell proliferation differ widely among 4-quinolones. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most antiproliferative inhibiting cell growth with about 30% at 20 mg/l. Genotoxicity tests with 4-quinolones are probably "false" positive due to an increased [3H]-thymidine uptake not related to DNA damage. Ciprofloxacin at 10 mg/l and up causes significant DNA strand breaks which seemingly are quickly repaired and not causing mutations or cancerogenesis. Ciprofloxacin at 5 mg/l inhibits immunoglobulin production but the growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2) is increased by 4-quinolones at the same concentration and hyperinduced at higher concentrations. Thus the effects are very contradictory. Increased IL-2 may contribute to CNS side effects.
Lying and Computational Linguistics (2018)

Abstract This chapter espouses an engineering perspective on lying, showing how various departures from the truth arise naturally when computers talk about data. We start by explaining how Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems work when they talk about data. Then we discuss how, perhaps surprisingly, such systems cannot help deviating from the truth in two different ways, namely, by omitting information, and by generating statements whose truth is questionable; we illustrate our account with examples from practical NLG systems. Next, we discuss briefly why NLG systems should arguably deviate from the truth in other, more deliberate ways as well, after which we sketch a simple game-theoretical model that can help to explain our observations. We conclude by summing up what the engineering view tells us about lying, whether it is people or computers that take the floor.
Síntese do 3-fenil-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol 2-N-óxido (2017)

Introducao: Os derivados furoxânicos (N-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol) representam uma importante classe de compostos com variadas atividades biologicas. Parte dos efeitos beneficos desses compostos esta relacionada a capacidade dos derivados furoxânicos de atuarem como doadores de oxido nitrico (NO). O oxido nitrico e um gas soluvel que esta envolvido em muitos processos fisiologicos, podendo agir como um importante mediador nos sistemas cardiovascular, imune, nervoso central e periferico. Tem sido relatado que em algumas doencas o aumento dos niveis deste mediador traz efeitos beneficos. Sabendo disso, diferentes aplicacoes e propriedades farmacologicas ja foram designadas aos doadores de oxido nitrico, incluindo antimicobacteriana, antichagasica, antimalarica, antileishmania, antineoplasica, neuroprotetora e antiagregante plaquetaria. O mecanismo de doacao de oxido nitrico pelos derivados furoxânicos ainda nao e muito bem conhecido, porem tem sido proposto que essa doacao seja mecanismo cisteina-dependente. Os furoxanos e seus derivados se destacam por exibirem um perfil excelente de doacao de oxido nitrico: liberacao lenta e sem o desenvolvimento de mecanismo de tolerância descrita para outros compostos doadores, os nitratos. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo sintetizar o composto 3-fenil-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol 2-N-oxido e avaliar sua capacidade de doacao de oxido nitrico in vitro. Metodologia: O 3-fenil-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol 2-N-oxido foi sintetizado a partir da reacao do estireno com nitrito de sodio e acido acetico em diclorometano anidro. A mistura reacional obtida foi purificada por cromatografia em coluna e o composto foi caracterizado por espectrofotometria na regiao do infravermelho e por ressonância magnetica nuclear de hidrogenio e carbono (RMN 1H e 13C). A capacidade de doacao de oxido nitrico pelo composto foi avaliada atraves da quantificacao de nitrito uma vez que o oxido nitrico e muito instavel e, em solucao, e rapidamente dissociado a nitrito, por espectrofotometria ultravioleta utilizando reagente de Griess como cromoforo. Resultados e Discussao: O composto 3-fenil-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol 2-N-oxido foi obtido com rendimento de 67%. Os metodos analiticos usados permitiram a caracterizacao estrutural deste. O composto apresentou capacidade de doacao de oxido nitrico de 12%, niveis comparaveis ao farmaco dinitrato de isossorbida usado como controle. Conclusao: O derivado furoxânico foi obtido com bom rendimento e sera util como intermediario para sintese de novos doadores ne NO com diferentes propriedades farmacologicas.
IL-18 in autoimmunity: review. (2006)

IL-18 is among the cytokines responsible for immune-mediated pathologies and is probably one of the factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Identification of the causes of uncontrolled IL-18 production and activity in autoimmunity would allow for novel therapeutic targets to effectively block autoimmune activation and inhibit concomitant tissue damage. IL-18 is produced mainly by monocytes/macrophages in response to stimuli of viral/bacterial origin, its production being therefore one of the effects of innate immunity initiated by host-pathogen interaction. In this review, we summarise the evidence supporting both the effector and the pathogenic role of IL-18 in autoimmunity, and propose that the disturbed mechanism of innate immunity, resulting from macrophage activation through innate immunity receptors (TLR/IL-1R family), may be the basis of pathologically high levels of IL-18 production and activation. Unravelling the mechanisms of IL-18 production and activity in autoimmune diseases will allow the identification of targets for more effective therapeutic intervention.
Evanescent microwave probes on high-resistivity silicon and its application in characterization of semiconductors (1999)

In this article we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of very high quality factor 10 GHz microstrip resonators on high-resistivity (high-ρ) silicon substrates. Our experiments show that an external quality factor of over 13 000 can be achieved on microstripline resonators on high-ρ silicon substrates. Such a high Q factor enables integration of arrays of previously reported evanescent microwave probe (EMP) on silicon cantilever beams. We also demonstrate that electron–hole pair recombination and generation lifetimes of silicon can be conveniently measured by illuminating the resonator using a pulsed light. Alternatively, the EMP was also used to nondestructively monitor excess carrier generation and recombination process in a semiconductor placed near the two-dimensional resonator.
Active Object Localization Using Speaker (2003)

This paper proposes an Active Object Lo- calization technique to localize object. An array of speakers were used to emit the same signal. A mi- crophone was used to receive the emitted signal from each of the speakers. The responses were stored into a database. By comparing the response when the object to be localized is in the system against the responses in the database, we could estimate the location of the ob- ject. Experimental results have shown that this method has a very high successful rate in detection when the SNR is around 25dB.
Pilot Study of Emergency Department Patient Vital Signs Acquisition Using Experimental Video Photoplethysmography and Passive Infrared Thermography Devices (2019)

Objective: Investigators conducted pilot sessions in live Emergency Department (ED) settings to prepare for formal comparative study of contact and experimental non-contact vital signs (VS) measurement devices. Methods: Contact-based cardiorespiratory monitors (CM) and video photoplethysmography (vPPG) measured heart rates (HR); contact thermometers and passive infrared thermography (pIR) obtained core and surface temperatures. Subject VS data comprised two 25-min CM and vPPG recordings (initial unprimed “Triage Check” window; four 1-min “Full Check” windows; 20min of “Resting” intervals) and temperature measurements. Results: Forty-eight of 102 approached patients participated: at least 5 subjects each in 0-12mo, 1-5y, 6-12y, 13-17y age-groups, and at least 2 subjects each in 18-29y, 30-39y, 40-49y, 50-59y, 60-69y, 70-79y, 80+y age-groups. Subjects were 40.4% female with median Fitzpatrick skin type of 3.0 (interquartile range 1-3: 2.0-5.0), ESI score of 3.0 (2.0-3.0), and core temperature of 98.6°F (97.9-99.1°F). Twelve subjects were excluded from vPPG analysis due to inadequate lighting, excessive motion, and/or datastream loss. From the remaining 36 subjects with median HR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CM</inf> of 78.2bpm (69.8-94.8bpm), vPPG measured median HR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vPPG</inf> of 75.0bpm (68.3-93.0bpm) from 170 (70.5%) of 241 possible Full Check windows; the median difference between HR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CM</inf> and HR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vPPG</inf> was 0.6bpm (-0.2-2.3bpm). All Emergency Severity Index (ESI) HR components for 34 subjects with Triage Check HR <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vPPG</inf> measurements matched CM-based ESI HR components. Median differences between contact and pIR temperatures ranged from −5.4°F to −4.4°F. Conclusion: vPPG and pIR devices experimentally measured select live VS with promising results. Significance: Pilot data and protocol testing set the groundwork for full-scale ED vPPG-pIR investigation.
Phase Selection and Directionality Issues when Protecting Lines with Series Compensation, HVDC Devices or Non-Traditional Generation (2006)

More and more often series compensation, non-standard generation and power electronic devices co-exist in a vicinity of EHV transmission lines. A typical scenario is a relatively long transmission line already with elements of HVDC and/or series-compensation, interconnected to a new wind farm with significant capacity driven by non-standard machines. In some cases single-pole tripping is applied in order to maximize power transfer during reclosing, and to avoid synchronization of the islanded generation. During transients, in such systems complex interactions occur between series capacitors, multiple machines, and HVDC devices. This includes both the primary equipment, and the associated controls. As a result the system responds differently compared to a traditional network fed from synchronous generators. Some protection techniques that are well-recognized and successfully applied in traditional configurations may perform inadequately under such complex conditions. The paper lists protection concepts that must be carefully examined or tested before using in such a difficult application environment. It also proposes practical supervision methods that could be implemented via custom logic on a modern multi-function relay in order to solve some of the performance problems
Electropolymerized Tricopolymer Based on N-Pyrrole Derivatives as a Primer Coating for Improving the Performance of a Drug-Eluting Stent (2009)

The coating of medical implants by polymeric films aims at increasing their biocompatibility as well as providing a durable matrix for the controlled release of a drug. In many cases, the coating is divided into a primer layer, which bridges between the medical implant and the drug-eluting matrix. The primer coating must be very carefully designed in order to provide optimal interactions with the surface of the medical implant and the outer layer. Here we present a simple and versatile approach for designing the primer layer based on electropolymerization of a carefully chosen blend of three different pyrrole derivatives: N-methylpyrrole (N-me), N-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (PPA), and the butyl ester of N-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (BuOPy). The composition and physical properties of the primer layer were studied in detail by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a nano scratch tester. The latter provides the in-depth analysis of the adhesion and viscoelasticity of the coating. AFM phase imaging reveals a uniform distribution of the three monomers forming rough morphology. This primer layer significantly improved the morphology, stability, and paclitaxel release profile of a paclitaxel-eluting matrix based on methyl and lauryl methacrylates.
An ultra-low energy PUF matching security platform using programmable delay lines (2016)

We have proposed a new security platform: physical unclonable function (PUF) matching using programmable delay lines (PDL). Our platform inherits good security properties of standard PUFs, such as low energy, low delay, and unclonability. However, standard PUF-based security protocols induce high computational resources of at least one involved party. To resolve this issue, we take advantage of PDL technology to match standard PUFs in such a way that two PUFs have the same challenge response mapping function. The matched pair of PUFs enables a majority of protocols to be executed in an ultra low energy, low latency manner for all the involved parties.
Table S4 from A TLR3 Ligand Reestablishes Chemotherapeutic Responses in the Context of FPR1 Deficiency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S4&lt;/p&gt;