gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of a partitioning algorithm for the steiner tree problem in R2 and R3 (1994)

Abstract We experimentally evaluate sequential and distributed implementations of an approximation partitioning algorithm by Kalpakis and Sherman for the Geometric Steiner Minimum Tree Problem (GSMT) in R d for d = 2,3. Our implementations incorporate an improved method for combining the subproblems, and single‐and double‐edge reduction techniques to eliminate unnecessary Steiner points created by the partitioning process. Results show that these refinements are crucial in practice to produce high‐quality results. Moreover, with these refinements, the partitioning algorithm is an effective practical heuristic, which in less time finds solutions roughly comparable with those computed by Smith's Algorithm. The partitioning algorithm depends on a parameter t through which the user can trade off time for solution quality. To solve each of the subproblems of size at most t , we apply Smith's Algorithm, the only other Steiner tree algorithm known for R 3 under the Euclidean norm. Using uniformly generated point sets in the d ‐cube [0, 100] d , we compare the running time and solution quality for the partitioning algorithm for various values of t against that of Smith's Algorithm applied to the entire input. We also estimate the constant factor in the 1 + O(t −1/d(d‐1) ) asymptotic performance bound proven by Kalpakis and Sherman and find that it is less than one. With d = 2 on input sets of 25 points, our sequential implementation with t = 7 typically found within 6 seconds a Steiner tree within 1% of the cost (342) of that computed by Smith's Algorithm in 20 seconds. At t = 13 and using approximately 15 seconds, our sequential implementation typically found Steiner trees within 0.1% of this cost. Similarly, with d = 3 on input sets of 60 points, our distributed implementation with t = 10 typically found within 22 seconds a Steiner tree within 1% of the cost (1059) of that computed by Smith's Algorithm in 200 seconds. At t = 31 and using approximately 108 seconds, our distributed implementation usually found slightly better Steiner trees than did Smith's Algorithm. © 1994 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Sulfonation and Epoxidation of Substituted Polynorbornenes and Construction of Light-Emitting Devices (1999)

Efficient routes to sulfonation and epoxidation of the double bonds in a polynorbornene backbone have been found that do not interfere with side chain functional groups of interest for making light-emitting devices. Substituted norbornene monomers were prepared with ether or thioether linkages, which were stable to sulfonation. Oligomers (25mers or 50mers) of homo- and copolymers containing diphenylanthracene (for blue-light emission), oxadiazole (for electron transport), and p-triphenylene (for hole transport) side chains were prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of the corresponding norbornene monomers. Sulfonation of the polynorbornene backbone yielded a polyanionic material that was suitable for creating films via sequential adsorption with the polycation, poly(allylamine HCl) (PAH). Devices with an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and an aluminum cathode were constructed. A two-layer device comprised of a layer of diphenylanthracene/oxadiazole copolymer and a layer of p-triphenylene homopolymer showed better performance in terms of efficiency and light output than a single layer of diphenylanthracene/oxadiazole. However, a single layer of polymer containing 9-mesityl-10-phenylanthracene gave the best performance, up to 21 nW and 0.3 nW/mA efficiency.
Synthetic studies on histrionicotoxins. II. Practical synthetic route to (+-)-perhydro- and (+-)-octahydrohistrionicotoxin (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies on histrionicotoxins. II. Practical synthetic route to (+-)-perhydro- and (+-)-octahydrohistrionicotoxinT. Fukuyama, L. V. Dunkerton, M. Aratani, and Y. KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 13, 2011–2012Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00901a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00901a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Novel Photodefinable Reactive Polymer Coating and Its Use for Microfabrication of Hydrogel Elements (2004)

A novel photodefinable polymer reactive coating formed using chemical vapor deposition polymerization is reported. Its potential as a convenient and flexible interface for confinement of hydrogels (see Figure), as is often required in microfabrication processes, is demonstrated. The concept combines the advantages of a vapor-deposited polymer (form fidelity, stability, flexibility) with the ability to conduct photochemical immobilization chemistry.
Health‐aware model predictive control of wind turbines using fatigue prognosis (2017)

Summary Wind turbine components are subject to considerable fatigue because of extreme environmental conditions to which they are exposed, especially those located offshore. Wind turbine blades are under significant gravitational, inertial, and aerodynamic loads, which cause their fatigue and degradation during the wind turbine operational life. A fatigue problem is often present at the blade root because of the considerable bending moments applied to this zone. Interest in the integration of control with fatigue load minimization has increased in recent years. This paper investigates the fatigue assessment using a rainflow counting algorithm and the blade root moment information coming from the sensor available in a high‐fidelity simulator of a utility‐scale wind turbine. Then, the integration of the fatigue‐based system health management module with control is proposed. This provides a mechanism for the wind turbine to operate safely and optimize the trade‐off between components' life and energy production. In particular, this paper explores the integration of model predictive control with the fatigue‐based prognosis approach to minimize the damage of wind turbine components (the blades). A control‐oriented model of the fatigue based on the rainflow counting algorithm is proposed to obtain online information of the blades' accumulated damage that can be integrated with model predictive control. Then, the controller objective function is modified by adding an extra criterion that takes into account the accumulated damage. The scheme is implemented and tested in a well‐known wind turbine benchmark.
Fomblin as a reference compound for negative ion fast atom bombardment high-resolution mass spectrometry in the mass range of 180-3000 u (1993)

Fomblin, a mixture of perfluoropolyethers, was found to be a useful calibration compound for negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) high-resolution mass spectrometry. The negative ion FAB mass spectrum of fomblin includes a series of intense peaks extending from 180 to 3000 u, with a mass interval of less than 22 u. Fomblin worked well with matrices such as glycerol and nitrobenzyl alcohol.
Cytotoxicity Testing: Measuring Viable Cells, Dead Cells, and Detecting Mechanism of Cell Death (2011)

Testing the effects of compounds on the viability of cells grown in culture is widely used as a predictor of potential toxic effects in whole animals. Among the several alternative assays available, measuring the levels of ATP is the most sensitive, reliable, and convenient method for monitoring active cell metabolism. However, recently developed combinations of methods have made it possible to collect more information from in vitro cytotoxicity assays using standard fluorescence and luminescence plate readers. This chapter describes two assay methods. The first utilizes beetle luciferase for measuring the levels of ATP as a marker of viable cells. The second more recently developed multiplex method relies on selective measurement of three different protease activities as markers for viable, necrotic, and apoptotic cells. Data analysis from the measurement of three marker protease activities from the same sample provides a useful tool to help uncover the mechanism of cell death and can serve as an internal control to help identify assay artifacts.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Enzyme‐Catalysed Reactions using Deep UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

For enzyme-catalysed biotransformations, continuous in situ detection methods minimise the need for sample manipulation, ultimately leading to more accurate real-time kinetic determinations of substrate(s) and product(s). We have established for the first time an on-line, real-time quantitative approach to monitor simultaneously multiple biotransformations based on UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy. To exemplify the generality and versatility of this approach, multiple substrates and enzyme systems were used involving nitrile hydratase (NHase) and xanthine oxidase (XO), both of which are of industrial and biological significance, and incorporate multistep enzymatic conversions. Multivariate data analysis of the UVRR spectra, involving multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), was employed to effect absolute quantification of substrate(s) and product(s); repeated benchmarking of UVRR combined with MCR-ALS by HPLC confirmed excellent reproducibility.
Speech Recovery for Real-World Self-powered Intermittent Devices (2021)

The incompleteness of speech inputs severely degrades the performance of all the related speech signal processing applications. Although many researches have been proposed to address this issue, they controlled the data missing conditions by simulation with self-defined masking lengths or sizes. Besides, the masking definitions are different among all these experimental settings. This paper presents a novel intermittent speech recovery (ISR) system for real-world self-powered intermittent devices. Three contributive stages: interpolation, enhancement, and combination are applied to the ISR system for speech reconstruction. The experimental results show that our recovery system increases speech quality by up to 591.7%, while increasing speech intelligibility by up to 80.5%. Most importantly, the proposed ISR system improves the WER scores by up to 52.6%. The promising results not only confirm the effectiveness of the reconstruction but also encourage the utilization of these battery-free wearable/IoT devices.
On the Use of Darcy Permeability in Sheared Fabrics (2019)

Determination of a set of processing parameters for a given material type is a complex process, and much work has been done using the framework developed in the last century by Darcy. While this model, assuming Newtonian flow through a granular (essentially a smoothed, porous) medium, has produced useful flow front progression simulation tools, a commonly arising problem in the fabrication of complex components is the modeling of flow front through regions of locally high shear. Several current approaches stem from a modification of the Darcy description using “local” permeabilities for these regions, differing from the permeabilities experimentally obtained in the unsheared or undeformed state. The work presented here investigates the applicability of a transformation of the permeability in the unsheared state, and conjectures that the driving forces for the fluid flow may be sufficiently complex to merit more detailed constitutive modeling in complex fabric architectures. Experiments on sheared fabrics have been performed, and permeabilities are compared with those obtained in the tensor-transformed permeabilities obtained using the unsheared fabrics.
A Polytopic System Approach for the Hybrid Control of a Diesel Engine Using VGT/EGR (2004)

This paper develops a hybrid/gain scheduled controller for moving the state of a diesel engine through a driving profile represented as a sequence of operating points in the seven-dimensional state space of a mean value breathing nonlinear engine state model. The calculations for the control design are based on a third-order (reduced) model of the diesel engine, on whose state space the operating points are projected. About each operating point, we generate a third-order nonlinear error model in polytopic form. Using the polytopic error model at each operating point, a control design is set forth as a system of LMIs. The solution of each system of LMIs produces a norm bounded controller guaranteeing that xi−1d→xid where xid is the ith desired operating point in the three-dimensional state space. The control performance is then evaluated on the seventh order model.
Highly symmetric poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene-stat-styrene)-block-poly(styrene) copolymer prepared in a non-stop one-pot RAFT polymerization in miniemulsion (2014)

Symmetric SBS latexes are prepared for the first time following a non-stop one-pot reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in miniemulsion. The symmetry of the SBS is studied spectroscopically and chemically, which opens possibilities for further functionalizations. The morphology of the resulting nanoparticles is presented. The process can be realized at the pilot plant scale and is expected to be extrapolable to other monomers and to different polymerization methods.
Evaluation of Gd2SiO5:Ce (GSO), Lu2−xGdxSiO5:Ce (LGSO), and Lu2−xYxSiO5:Ce (LYSO) Crystalline Scintillators Using a Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Technique (2021)

We evaluated the nonradiative deactivation in three scintillators, Gd 2 SiO 5 :Ce (GSO), Lu 2-x Gd x SiO 5 :Ce (LGSO), and Lu 2-x Y x SiO 5 :Ce (LYSO), using a photoacoustic spectroscopy technique (PAS). The photoacoustic (PA) spectra suggested that part of the absorption energy for the excitation of Ce 3+ will be released as heat through a nonradiative deactivation process. GSO exhibits an intense PA signal compared with LGSO and LYSO because of its energy migration process from Gd 3+ to Ce 3+ emission centers.
A survey of informatics approaches to whole-exome and whole-genome clinical reporting in the electronic health record (2020)

Genome-scale clinical sequencing is being adopted more broadly in medical practice. The National Institutes of Health developed the Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) program to guide implementation and dissemination of best practices for the integration of sequencing into clinical care. This study describes and compares the state of the art of incorporating whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing results into the electronic health record, including approaches to decision support across the six current CSER sites.
Systemic Release of Interleukin–10 During Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (1994)

Experimental and clinical observations indicate that the liver allograft is less immunogenic than other organ transplants and can promote immune tolerance. Because interleukin-10 recently emerged as a macrophage and T-cell-derived cytokine with potent immunosuppressive properties, we studied its production in 28 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Plasma levels of immunoreactive interleukin-10 dramatically increased within 2 hr after liver allograft reperfusion, with peak levels ranging between 214 and 4998 pg/ml (median = 677 pg/ml). This systemic release of interleukin-10 was transient because it returned to low levels by 48 hr (range = 26 to 51 pg/ml). The higher interleukin-10 levels measured in right atrial blood as compared with portal blood indicated that interleukin-10 was most likely synthesized within the liver graft. To get insight into the cellular origin of interleukin-10, we also measured serum levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma, both produced by T cells, and interleukin-8, a cytokine secreted by macrophages, in eight patients. Interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma levels remained undetectable in most of the patients, whereas interleukin-8 levels paralleled those of interleukin-10. Portal endotoxemia was probably not involved in interleukin-10 production because endotoxin levels remained low (< 20 pg/ml) before and after liver allograft reperfusion. Interleukin-10 plasma levels did not correlate either with cold ischemia time or with the occurrence of rejection episodes. We conclude that orthotopic liver transplantation is associated with a massive release of interleukin-10 and interleukin-8, most likely produced by allograft macrophages.
QUIC Multipath Requirements (2018)

This document describes the requirement and plausible architecture of
QUIC multipath extensions. While the first version of QUIC is not
scheduled to include multipath extensions, there are risks that
decisions made in this first version might preclude some options that
we may later find attractive. An early review of multipath extension
requirements and issues should minimize that risk.
Water activity and mobility in solutions of glycerol and small molecular weight sugars: Implication for cryo- and lyopreservation (2006)

In this study, the free volume models, originally developed for large molecular weight polymer-solvent systems, were used to study the water activity and mobility in solutions of four small molecular weight cryo-/lyoprotectants, viz., glycerol, a monosaccharide (fructose), and two disaccharides (sucrose and trehalose). The free volume model parameters were determined by fitting the models to available experimental data using a nonlinear optimization procedure. It was found that free volume models could accurately predict the available experimental data, which suggests that the free volume models might be generally applicable to aqueous solutions of small molecular weight cryo-/lyoprotectants. Furthermore, several models for estimating the mutual diffusion coefficient were tested using available experimental data for aqueous solutions of glycerol and a better method to estimate the mutual diffusion coefficient was proposed. Free volume models were used to predict and analyze the water activity and mobility in solutions of four cryo-/lyoprotectants under conditions frequently encountered in cryo-/lyopreservation applications. It was found that the water mobility in the glassy state of the above four solutions is essentially negligible in the case of cryopreservation with storage temperature lower than −110°C. However, the water mobility in a glass at higher temperature (&amp;gt;−80°C) may be significant. As a result, a subcooling of up to 50°C may be necessary for the long-term cryo-/lyopreservation of biomaterials depending on the water content and the type of cryo-/lyoprotectants. It was further shown that trehalose might be the best of the four protectants studied for lyopreservation (water mass fraction ⩽0.1) when the storage temperature is above the room temperature. The results from this study might be useful for the development of more effective protocols for both cryopreservation and lyopreservation of living cells and other biomaterials.
TranSquid: transcoding and caching proxy for heterogenous e-commerce environments (2003)

With the advent of the wireless Internet, the client space has become heterogeneous in terms of device capabilities. To cater to the needs of these devices in e-commerce applications, smart intermediaries have been developed to increase the user satisfaction by hiding the inherent weakness of some of the small although handy devices like the PDAs and Web-tops. Transcoding has been a popular technique to render data for small devices that have smaller displays, and lesser colour capabilities, but transcoding comes at the cost of caching at the intermediary. We describe a transcoding and caching proxy that caches objects for heterogeneous client spaces by maintaining separate caches for different categories of clients (PC, PDAs, mobiles, etc.) and transcoding the lower fidelity, versions from the high fidelity variants at the proxies as opposed to fetching the transcoded variants from the server. To achieve this, the proxy keeps the server-directed transcoding information (if provided by the host server) as part of meta data attached to the cached objects and uses this information to convert its fidelity, and modes or uses heuristics. Through such an intermediary architecture that serves a heterogeneous client base, we exploit the availability of cached high-fidelity variants of Web resources (brought in to serve the requirements of high-end devices like PC's) to serve low end devices, and thereby, decrease latency and bandwidth.
Proximal femoral allograft-prosthesis composites in revision hip replacement (2010)

We report the use of an allograft prosthetic composite for reconstruction of the skeletal defect in complex revision total hip replacement for severe proximal femoral bone loss. Between 1986 and 1999, 72 patients (20 men, 52 women) with a mean age of 59.9 years (38 to 78) underwent reconstruction using this technique. At a mean follow-up of 12 years (8 to 20) 57 patients were alive, 14 had died and one was lost to follow-up. Further revision was performed in 19 hips at a mean of 44.5 months (11 to 153) post-operatively. Causes of failure were aseptic loosening in four, allograft resorption in three, allograft nonunion in two, allograft fracture in four, fracture of the stem in one, and deep infection in five. The survivorship of the allograft-prosthesis composite at ten years was 69.0% (95% confidence interval 67.7 to 70.3) with 26 patients remaining at risk. Survivorship was statistically significantly affected by the severity of the pre-operative bone loss (Paprosky type IV; p = 0.019), the number of previous hip revisions exceeding two (p = 0.047), and the length of the allograft used (p = 0.005).
A CCD chip for parallel pulse-Doppler radar processing (2005)

The generic signal processing requirements for a pulse-Doppler radar are presented and a CCD device for performing a portion of the signal processing is described.
New Enantiomerically Pure Alkylimido Molybdenum-Based Alkylidene Complexes. Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity as Chiral Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2007)

Molybdenum olefin metathesis catalysts that contain aliphatic 1-phenylcyclohexylimido (NPhCy) and 2-phenyl-2-adamantylimido (NPhAd) groups and (S)-Biphen or (R)-Trip)(THF) ligands (Biphen = 3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5',6,6'-tetramethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diolate; Trip = 3,3'-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-2,2'-binaphtholate) have been prepared. Their catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in desymmetrization reactions such as ring-closing metathesis of amines and lactams and ring-opening/cross-metathesis of substituted norborneols with styrene were compared to the results obtained with the only known alkylimido catalyst Mo(NAd)(CHCMe(2)Ph)[(S)-Biphen]. The activities and enantioselectivities provided by these new chiral complexes vary significantly, but in virtually all instances explored were not superior to the adamantylimido analogs.