gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P‐96: Microlens Array by Ink‐Jet Technology for LCD Backlight Applications (2008)

Abstract This research uses Ink‐jet printer process to fabricate microlens on the bottom of a LGP in a fast and cost‐effective way. Compared with typical dot printing method, Ink‐jet printing is able to save 50% material consumption. In addition, the microlens with UV‐curable epoxy could be well controlled in the radius, contact angle and arbitrary arrangement. A 20×20cm 2 LGP can be fabricated with desired microlens pattern within 10 seconds, which exhibits a potential to apply ink‐jet process upon the high‐speed mass production.
Stereo Analysis by Hybrid Recursive Matching for Real-Time Immersive Video Conferencing (2004)

Real-time stereo analysis is an important research area in computer vision. In this context, we propose a stereo algorithm for an immersive video-conferencing system by which conferees at different geographical places can meet under similar conditions as in the real world. For this purpose, virtual views of the remote conferees are generated and adapted to the current viewpoint of the local participant. Dense vector fields of high accuracy are required in order to guarantee an adequate quality of the virtual views. Due to the usage of a wide baseline system with strongly convergent camera configurations, the dynamic disparity range is about 150 pixels. Considering computational costs, a full search or even a local search restricted to a small window of a few pixels, as it is implemented in many real-time algorithms, is not suitable for our application because processing on full-resolution video according to CCIR 601 TV standard with 25 frames per second is addressed-the most desirable as a pure software solution running on available processors without any support from dedicated hardware. Therefore, we propose in this paper a new fast algorithm for stereo analysis, which circumvents the window search by using a hybrid recursive matching strategy based on the effective selection of a small number of candidates. However, stereo analysis requires more than a straightforward application of stereo matching. The crucial problem is to produce accurate stereo correspondences in all parts of the image. Especially, errors in occluded regions and homogenous or less structured regions lead to disturbing artifacts in the synthesized virtual views. To cope with this problem, mismatches have to be detected and substituted by a sophisticated interpolation and extrapolation scheme.
C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Orthopedic Implant Infection (2010)

CRP and ESR have poor sensitivity for the diagnosis of shoulder implant infection. A CRP of 4.6 mg/l had a sensitivity of 79 and a specificity of 68% to detect infection of spine implants.
Shading correction for on‐board cone‐beam CT in radiation therapy using planning MDCT images (2010)

By providing effective shading correction, our approach has the potential to improve the accuracy of more advanced CBCT-based clinical applications for IGRT, such as tumor delineation and dose calculation.
High-performance C-arm cone-beam CT guidance of thoracic surgery (2012)

Localizing sub-palpable nodules in minimally invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) presents a significant challenge. To overcome inherent problems of preoperative nodule tagging using CT fluoroscopic guidance, an intraoperative C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) image-guidance system has been developed for direct localization of subpalpable tumors in the OR, including real-time tracking of surgical tools (including thoracoscope), and video-CBCT registration for augmentation of the thoracoscopic scene. Acquisition protocols for nodule visibility in the inflated and deflated lung were delineated in phantom and animal/cadaver studies. Motion compensated reconstruction was implemented to account for motion induced by the ventilated contralateral lung. Experience in CBCT-guided targeting of simulated lung nodules included phantoms, porcine models, and cadavers. Phantom studies defined low-dose acquisition protocols providing contrast-to-noise ratio sufficient for lung nodule visualization, confirmed in porcine specimens with simulated nodules (3-6mm diameter PE spheres, ~100-150HU contrast, 2.1mGy). Nodule visibility in CBCT of the collapsed lung, with reduced contrast according to air volume retention, was more challenging, but initial studies confirmed visibility using scan protocols at slightly increased dose (~4.6-11.1mGy). Motion compensated reconstruction employing a 4D deformation map in the backprojection process reduced artifacts associated with motion blur. Augmentation of thoracoscopic video with renderings of the target and critical structures (e.g., pulmonary artery) showed geometric accuracy consistent with camera calibration and the tracking system (2.4mm registration error). Initial results suggest a potentially valuable role for CBCT guidance in VATS, improving precision in minimally invasive, lungconserving surgeries, avoid critical structures, obviate the burdens of preoperative localization, and improve patient safety.
Coherence of Sound using Navy Sonars and Theoretical Developments (2012)

Abstract : The long term goal is to understand how and where the ocean affects the propagation of sound. The theory of rays is the traditional approach for quantifying where sound is affected. However, it has recently been determined that ray theory is very inaccurate at low and moderate frequencies. The primary objective is to use modern theories of wave propagation to quantify where the ocean affects the propagation of sound. The secondary objective is to understand how accurately models can be used to predict the coherence time of low frequency sounds in the deep ocean based on the fluctuations of internal waves.
Effective rate analysis of MISO Rician fading channels (2012)

The delay constraints imposed by future wireless applications require a suitable metric for assessing their impact on the overall system performance. Since the classical Shannon's ergodic capacity fails to do so, the so-called effective rate was recently established as a rigorous alternative. Yet, most prior relevant works have considered only the typical case of Rayleigh fading which allows for tractable manipulations. In this paper, we relax this assumption by considering the more general Rician fading model for multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems. A new, analytical expression for the exact effective rate is derived, along with tractable expressions for the key parameters dictating the effective rate performance in the high and low signal-to-noise (SNR) regimes.
Wavelets for computer graphics: theory and applications (1996)

1 Introduction 2 HAAR: The Simplest Wavelet Basis 3 Image Compression 4 Image Editing 5 Image Querying 6 Subdivision Curves 7 The Theory of Multiresolution Analysis 8 Multiresolution Curves 9 Multiresolution Tiling 10 Surface Wavelets 11 Surface Applications 12 Variational Modeling 13 Global Illumination
A review of pluvial flooding management in north London after the July 2007 floods (2010)

Non peer reviewed
Ultrafast Pump-probe Spectroscopy of Carrier Relaxation Dynamics in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films (2012)

Ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films was performed. We have found the non-radiative recombination dominated at room temperature. It could correlate to efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells.
Morphology and Dynamics of a Premixed Hydrogen-Methane-Air Jet Flame in Hot Vitiated Turbulent Crossflow (2020)

Abstract The effect of hydrogen enrichment of a premixed hydrogen-methane-air jet in hot vitiated crossflow was studied at atmospheric condition. The hot turbulent vitiated crossflow is generated by a symmetric array of 4 × 4 jet flames burning a lean mixture of natural gas and air in fully premixed condition at equivalence ratio φcf = 0.7 and total thermal power of 50 kW. This crossflow is then used to ignite the premixed perpendicular jet of hydrogen-methane-air at ambient temperature. Three jet parameters are varied to study the effect of hydrogen addition on the flame morphology and stabilization mechanism: the hydrogen mass fraction of the H2/CH4 fuel blend (ξ = 0 – 100%), the jet equivalence ratio (φ = 0.8 – 2.0) and the jet-to-crossflow momentum ratio (J = 3 – 12). High-speed hydroxyl (OH) chemiluminescence is used to obtain the time-resolved imaging of the reactive jet and to compute its time averaged morphology. OH planar laser induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) is used to acquire OH concentration fields at the jet center plane. The jet morphology is analyzed by considering its mean trajectory, extracted from the experimental data and fitted with empirical correlations available from the literature. New correlations are proposed for the flame length, width and center of gravity as function of the hydrogen content. It is shown that with increasing hydrogen fraction, the flame is shortened and more compact, and it stabilizes close to the jet root. Another finding of this work is the reattachment of the flame at the base of the windward jet shear layer when hydrogen fraction is increased. Robust flame anchoring is observed for H2 mass fractions of the CH4/H2 fuel blend that exceed 50%. Moreover, it is shown using instantaneous OH-PLIF images that for these conditions of increasing hydrogen concentration, the windward shear layer features larger-scale coherent structures that govern the aerodynamics of the reactive premixed jet in turbulent vitiated crossflow.
Searching for Similar Phrases in Music Audio (2007)

Discusses some results from the idea of chopping beat-chroma representations into little pieces, clustering them (in this case into LSH bins), and seeing which clusters are used most often.
Clinical outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients receiving early VV-ECMO and the impact of pre-ECMO ventilator use (2021)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes and high mortality rates, despite the use of mechanical ventilation. Veno-Venous Extracorporeal membrane Oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in these patients is a viable salvage therapy. We describe clinical outcomes and survival rates in 52 COVID-19 patients with ARDS treated with early VV-ECMO at a large, high-volume center ECMO program. Outcomes included arterial blood gases, respiratory parameters, inflammatory markers, adverse events, and survival rates. Patients' mean age was 47.8 ± 12.1 years, 33% were female, and 75% were Hispanic. At the end of study period, 56% (<i>n</i> = 29) of the patients survived and were discharged and 44% (<i>n</i> = 23) of the patients expired. Survival rate was 75.0% (9 out of 12) in patients placed on ECMO prior to mechanical ventilation. Longer duration on mechanical ventilation prior to ECMO intervention was associated with a 31% (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.00-1.70) increased odds of mortality after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, number of comorbid conditions, and post-ECMO ventilator days. Early and effective ECMO intervention in critical ill COVID-19 patients might be a valuable strategy in critical care settings to increase their odds of survival.
TRX-1 as a potential redox regulator of the major C. elegans oxidative stress transcription factor, SKN-1 (2015)

Póster presentado en la 20th International Meeting C. elegans, celebrada en Los Ángeles del 24 al 28 de junio de 2015.
High performance photomask technology with the advanced binary film (2010)

A new photomask technology with the Advanced Binary Film (ABF) by HOYA has been established. The film of relatively low thickness is expected to show the best lithography performance. The simple film structure of thin film of chemically amplified resist, as a mask layer for etching, on the thin ABF film enables us to obtain sub-50nm small features in a photomask. The thinness of the film also helps to avoid pattern collapse in cleaning steps. The photomask with ABF expecting the best currently available lithography performance shows the best achievable durability for use in ArF lithography process steps and the best attainable feasibility in the fabrication process steps for leading edge photomasks.
Towards Interpretable-AI Policies Induction using Evolutionary Nonlinear Decision Trees for Discrete Action Systems (2020)

Black-box AI induction methods such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL) are increasingly being used to find optimal policies for a given control task. Although policies represented using a black-box AI are capable of efficiently executing the underlying control task and achieving optimal closed-loop performance, the developed control rules are often complex and neither interpretable nor explainable. In this paper, we use a recently proposed nonlinear decision-tree (NLDT) approach to find a hierarchical set of control rules in an attempt to maximize the open-loop performance for approximating and explaining the pre-trained black-box DRL (oracle) agent using the labelled state-action dataset. Recent advances in nonlinear optimization approaches using evolutionary computation facilitates finding a hierarchical set of nonlinear control rules as a function of state variables using a computationally fast bilevel optimization procedure at each node of the proposed NLDT. Additionally, we propose a re-optimization procedure for enhancing closed-loop performance of an already derived NLDT. We evaluate our proposed methodologies (open and closed-loop NLDTs) on different control problems having multiple discrete actions. In all these problems our proposed approach is able to find relatively simple and interpretable rules involving one to four non-linear terms per rule, while simultaneously achieving on par closed-loop performance when compared to a trained black-box DRL agent. A post-processing approach for simplifying the NLDT is also suggested. The obtained results are inspiring as they suggest the replacement of complicated black-box DRL policies involving thousands of parameters (making them non-interpretable) with relatively simple interpretable policies. Results are encouraging and motivating to pursue further applications of proposed approach in solving more complex control tasks.
Double-layer pulse current model for the plasma focus (1994)

A basically new physical model is developed for the mechanism of the plasma focus based on the assumption that the usually neglected space-charge term in Maxwell's equations is dominating due to the double layer of the discharge. The result is then neither an oscillating nor a wave solution but a single high-current pulse which agrees with measurements of focus electron beams.
Effects of Coronal Limb Alignment and Ligament Balance on Pain and Satisfaction Following Total Knee Arthroplasty at Short-Term Follow Up. (2018)

Our results demonstrated no correlation between mechanical alignment restoration and pain or function. However, more interestingly, this study found patients with medial laxity in extension and lateral laxity in knee flexion, similar to normal physiologic knee laxity, to have less pain and greater function and satisfaction at one-year short-term follow up.
Opinion paper on utility of point-of-care biomarkers in the emergency department pathways decision making (2014)

Overcrowding of the emergency department (ED) is rapidly becoming a global challenge and a major source of concern for emergency physicians. The evaluation of cardiac biomarkers is critical for confirming diagnoses and expediting treatment decisions to reduce overcrowding, however, physicians currently face the dilemma of choosing between slow and accurate central-based laboratory tests, or faster but imprecise assays. With improvements in technology, point-of-care testing (POCT) systems facilitate the efficient and high-throughput evaluation of biomarkers, such as troponin (cTn), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). In this context, POCT may help ED physicians to confirm a diagnosis of conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome, heart failure or kidney damage. Compared with classic laboratory methods, the use of cTn, BNP, and NGAL POCT has shown comparable sensitivity, specificity and failure rate, but with the potential to provide prompt and accurate diagnosis, shorten hospital stay, and alleviate the burden on the ED. Despite this potential, the full advantages of rapid delivery results will only be reached if POCT is implemented within hospital standardized procedures and ED staff receive appropriate training.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled 2,5‐Bis(4‐amidinophenyl)furan, 2,5‐Bis[4‐(methoxyamidino)phenyl]furan, and 2,7‐diamidinocarbazole (2001)

Abstract The syntheses of 2,5‐bis(4‐amidinophenyl)furan‐ d 8 ( 1‐ d 8 ) and 2,5‐bis[4‐(methoxyamidino)phenyl]furan‐ d 8 ( 2‐ d 8 ) from bromobenzene‐ d 5 in six steps, and of 2,7‐diamidinocarbazole‐ d 6 ( 3‐ d 6 ) from biphenyl‐ d 10 in five steps, are described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Tutorial T7A: Advanced IC Packaging (2007)

This course will address advanced packaging and assembly technologies. Demands for increased miniaturization and performance of electronic systems have driven traditional IC packaging technologies to higher levels of sophistication and miniaturization. The different styles of IC packages and their evolution will be discussed, from through-hole to surface mount, from leaded to leadless packages and from 2D to 3D packaging. Novel technology trends will be discussed, in particular wafer level packaging and 3D packaging technologies. The ultimate miniaturised package has a size equal to the die size. Such packages may be fabricated at the wafer level, before die singulation. This not only results in the smallest possible packages, but also enables cost reduction. All die on a wafer are simultaneously packaged, in contrast to the sequential traditional package flows. Further miniaturization and performance enhancement of electronic systems will more and more require the use of 3D interconnection schemes. Key technologies for realizing true 3D interconnect schemes are the realization of vertical connections, either through the Si-die or through the multilayer interconnect with embedded die. Different applications require different complexities of 3D-interconnectivity. Therefore, different technologies may be used. These can be categorized as a more traditional packaging approach, a wafer- level-packaging, WLP ('above' passivation), approach and a foundry level ('below' passivation) approach. The trends for these different 3D-flavours will be discussed in more detail.
Human Detection Based on Time-Varying Signature on Range-Doppler Diagram Using Deep Neural Networks (2020)

We propose the detection of humans using millimeter-wave FMCW radar based on time-varying signatures of range-Doppler diagrams using deep recurrent neural networks (DRNNs). Demand for human detection is increasing for security, surveillance, and search and rescue purposes, recently, with a particular focus on urban areas filled with clutter and moving targets. We suggest the classification of targets based on their signatures in range-Doppler plots with time because the signatures can be consecutively observed. We measure five target types: humans, cars, cyclists, dogs, and road clutter using millimeter-wave FMCW radar that transmits fast chirps at 77 GHz. To maximize the classification accuracy using the time-varying range-Doppler signatures of the targets, we investigate and compare the performance of 2-D-deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN), 3-D-DCNN, and DRNN along with 2-D-DCNN. The DRNN plus 2-D-DCNN showed the best performance, and the classification accuracy yields 99%, with the human classification rate of 100%.
Continuous-wave single-frequency 295 nm laser source by a frequency-quadrupled optically pumped semiconductor laser (2009)

Up to 136 mW of cw single-frequency output at 295 nm was obtained from a frequency-quadrupled optically pumped semiconductor laser. The highly strained InGaAs quantum-well semiconductor laser operates at 1178 nm in a single frequency. The single-frequency intracavity-doubled 589 nm output is further converted to 295 nm in an external resonator using beta-BaB(2)O(4).
Cochlear Transduction and Transmission (2002)

This special issue represents the second of three issues containing papers arising from the ‘Auditory Function and Dysfunction: Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms’ symposium held in Auckland, New Zealand in August 2001. It includes three main themes. The first, Auditory Central Nervous System Processing and Plasticity (Vol. 6, No. 4, 2001), c
The rel Gene Is Essential for In Vitro Growth of Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

The stringent response in Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by the nucleotide guanosine pentaphosphate, whose synthesis is catalyzed by the product of the rel gene. We report here that the rel gene is essential for the in vitro growth of S. aureus, distinguishing it from all other bacteria tested for this requirement.
New Family of Ruthenium‐Dye‐ Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cells with a High Solar‐Energy‐Conversion Efficiency (2007)

Abstract A new type of ruthenium complexes 6 – 8 with tridentate bipyridine–pyrazolate ancillary ligands has been synthesized in an attempt to elongate the π‐conjugated system as well as to increase the optical extinction coefficient, possible dye uptake on TiO 2 , and photostability. Structural characterization, photophysical studies, and corresponding theoretical approaches have been made to ensure their fundamental basis. As for dye‐sensitized solar cell applications, it was found that 6 – 8 possess a larger dye uptake of 2.4 × 10 –7 mol cm –2 , 1.5 × 10 –7 mol cm –2 , and 1.3 × 10 –7 mol cm –2 , respectively, on TiO 2 than that of the commercial N3 dye (1.1 × 10 –7 mol cm –2 ). Compound 8 works as a highly efficient photosensitizer for the dye‐sensitized nanocrystalline TiO 2 solar cell, producing a 5.65 % solar‐light‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency (compare with 6.01 % for N3 in this study), a short‐circuit current density of 15.6 mA cm –2 , an open‐circuit photovoltage of 0.64 V, and a fill factor of 0.57 under standard AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm –2 ). These, in combination with its superior thermal and light‐soaking stability, lead to the conclusion that the concomitant tridentate binding properties offered by the bipyridine‐pyrazolate ligand render a more stable complexation, such that extended life spans of DSSCs may be expected.
T Follicular Regulatory Cell–Derived Fibrinogen-like Protein 2 Regulates Production of Autoantibodies and Induction of Systemic Autoimmunity (2020)

T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells limit Ab responses, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify Fgl2 as a soluble TFR cell effector molecule through single-cell gene expression profiling. Highly expressed by TFR cells, Fgl2 directly binds to B cells, especially light-zone germinal center B cells, as well as to T follicular helper (TFH) cells, and directly regulates B cells and TFH in a context-dependent and type 2 Ab isotype-specific manner. In TFH cells, Fgl2 induces the expression of Prdm1 and a panel of checkpoint molecules, including PD1, TIM3, LAG3, and TIGIT, resulting in TFH cell dysfunction. Mice deficient in Fgl2 had dysregulated Ab responses at steady-state and upon immunization. In addition, loss of Fgl2 results in expansion of autoreactive B cells upon immunization. Consistent with this observation, aged Fgl2<sup>-/-</sup> mice spontaneously developed autoimmunity associated with elevated autoantibodies. Thus, Fgl2 is a TFR cell effector molecule that regulates humoral immunity and limits systemic autoimmunity.
Cross language text categorization by acquiring multilingual domain models from comparable corpora (2005)

In a multilingual scenario, the classical monolingual text categorization problem can be reformulated as a cross language TC task, in which we have to cope with two or more languages (e.g. English and Italian). In this setting, the system is trained using labeled examples in a source language (e.g. English), and it classifies documents in a different target language (e.g. Italian).