gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emission from the working and counter electrodes under co-reactant electrochemiluminescence conditions (2021)

We present a new approach to explore the potential-dependent multi-colour co-reactant electrochemiluminescence (ECL) from multiple luminophores. The potentials at both the working and counter electrodes, the current between these electrodes, and the emission over cyclic voltammetric scans were simultaneously measured for the ECL reaction of Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> and either [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> or [Ir(df-ppy)<sub>2</sub>(ptb)]<sup>+</sup>, with tri-<i>n</i>-propylamine as the co-reactant. The counter electrode potential was monitored by adding a differential electrometer module to the potentiostat. Plotting the data against the applied working electrode potential and against time provided complementary depictions of their relationships. Photographs of the ECL at the surface of the two electrodes were taken to confirm the source of the emissions. This provided a new understanding of these multifaceted ECL systems, including the nature of the counter electrode potential and the possibility of eliciting ECL at this electrode, a mechanism-based rationalisation of the interactions of different metal-complex luminophores, and a previously unknown ECL pathway for the Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> complex at negative potentials that was observed even in the absence of the co-reactant.
Radical Additions of Aryl Iodides to Arenes Are Facilitated by Oxidative Rearomatization with Dioxygen. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Volatilomic Signatures of AGS and SNU-1 Gastric Cancer Cell Lines (2022)

In vitro studies can help reveal the biochemical pathways underlying the origin of volatile indicators of numerous diseases. The key objective of this study is to identify the potential biomarkers of gastric cancer. For this purpose, the volatilomic signatures of two human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma) and SNU-1 (human gastric carcinoma), and one normal gastric mucosa cell line (GES-1) were investigated. More specifically, gas chromatography mass spectrometry has been applied to pinpoint changes in cell metabolism triggered by cancer. In total, ten volatiles were found to be metabolized, and thirty-five were produced by cells under study. The volatiles consumed were mainly six aldehydes and two heterocyclics, whereas the volatiles released embraced twelve ketones, eight alcohols, six hydrocarbons, three esters, three ethers, and three aromatic compounds. The SNU-1 cell line was found to have significantly altered metabolism in comparison to normal GES-1 cells. This was manifested by the decreased production of alcohols and ketones and the upregulated emission of esters. The AGS cells exhibited the increased production of methyl ketones containing an odd number of carbons, namely 2-tridecanone, 2-pentadecanone, and 2-heptadecanone. This study provides evidence that the cancer state modifies the volatilome of human cells.
A new spatio-angular light-field display for improving wellbeing in windowless spaces (2020)

This project was motivated by the desire to improve windowless indoor environments by providing an enhanced sense of space to the occupants. Photographs of distant landscapes help surprisingly little. The approach taken for this project was to establish the requirements of a display system capable of providing a convincing sense of depth, while being sufficiently affordable for widespread use. A significant breakthrough in this project was the discovery that high resolution is neither practical nor necessary to do this. This led to the invention of a novel intermediate-resolution display capable of being manufactured using modern manufacturing technology. The research to validate the design followed two separate, synergistic paths: One was a psychophysical study to verify that human perception can accurately determine depth from somewhat blurry scenes. The study confirmed that this was indeed the case, finding that an angular diffusion, or point spread function, of 2.2 degrees can produce scenes with as many as 31 individual depth planes. The other path involved the invention of a novel display system capable of producing intermediate-resolution light fields. Optical simulations indicate that the design can produce images with the desired horizontal and vertical angular diffusion (about 3.4 degrees). In combination, these two results have established the feasibility of an affordable intermediate-resolution display system that could produce an experience indistinguishable from viewing a distant scene through a partially diffusing window.
Requirements for and Evaluation of RMI Protocols for Scientific Computing (2000)

Distributed software component architectures provide promising approach to the problem of building large scale, scientific Grid applications [18]. Communication in these component architectures is based on Remote Method Invocation (RMI) protocols that allow one software component to invoke the functionality of another. Examples include Java remote method invocation (Java RMI)[25] and the new Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) [15]. SOAP has the advantage that many programming languages and component frameworks can support it. This paper describes experiments showing that SOAP by itself is not efficient enough for large scale scientific applications. However, when it is embedded in multi-protocol RMI framework, SOAP can be effectively used as a universal control protocol, that can be swapped out by faster, more special purpose protocols when large data transfer speeds are needed.
A roadmap for discovery and translation in lymphoma (2015)

To the editor:

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia comprise more than 80 unique subtypes[1][1] that can be further divided based on histology, immunophenotype, genetics, and other aspects of biology. Despite this diversity, advances in the treatment of lymphoma
Discovery of Potent Nonpeptide Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Genesis of the Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist Project Vasopressin, Its Receptors, and Disease The Game Plan Novel Chemotypes: Variations on a Theme Epilogue Acknowledgments References and Notes
Comparison of the Production of Cyclic AMP in Response to Parathyroid Hormone in Fibroblasts from Aged Subjects and Young Subjects: Lack of an Age-Dependent Decrease (1990)

An age-dependent effect on the ability to produce cyclic AMP in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation was examined using culture skin fibroblasts from both young and elderly female subjects. The mean values of both absolute and comparative production of intracellular cyclic AMP due to various concentrations of PTH administration did not differ between the two age groups, although the mean serum PTH level was significantly higher in the elderly subjects. These results indicate that the decreased response of the target organ to PTH in aged subjects can be explained mainly by the decreased number of intact cells rather than a decreased response of individual cells to PTH.
Equalization in Dispersion-Managed Systems Using Learned Digital Back-Propagation (2023)

In this paper, we investigate the use of the learned digital back-propagation (LDBP) for equalizing dual-polarization fiber-optic transmission in dispersion-managed (DM) links. LDBP is a deep neural network that optimizes the parameters of DBP using the stochastic gradient descent. We evaluate DBP and LDBP in a simulated WDM dual-polarization fiber transmission system operating at the bitrate of 256 Gbit/s per channel, with a dispersion map designed for a 2016 km link with 15% residual dispersion. Our results show that in single-channel transmission, LDBP achieves an effective signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 6.3 dB and 2.5 dB, respectively, over linear equalization and DBP. In WDM transmission, the corresponding $Q$-factor gains are 1.1 dB and 0.4 dB, respectively. Additionally, we conduct a complexity analysis, which reveals that a frequency-domain implementation of LDBP and DBP is more favorable in terms of complexity than the time-domain implementation. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of LDBP in mitigating the nonlinear effects in DM fiber-optic transmission systems.
A Synthesis of Hexahydro-H-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazin-3-ones from Fused Aziridines (2015)

The piperazine ring is a common structural component of a large variety of biologically active small molecules.While a number of methods to prepare simple piperazine rings are known, the methods available for the synthesis of fused-ring piperazines are lacking.We report here a method for the synthesis of novel fused-ring piperazines through reaction with fused-ring aziridines followed by a ring closure to form the fused-ring piperazine system.The dependence of the reaction on the stereochemistry of the system has also been studied.The piperazine ring is a common structural motif in pharmaceuticals.8% of the top 100 drugs by retail sales in 2013 contain a piperazine ring. 1 Of these 8 drugs 5 contain an unsubstituted piperazine.Some examples of these include molecules such as quetiapine and eszopiclone.For the remaining 3, the piperazine is part of a fused ring system as seen in sitagliptin.In addition to being found in marketed drugs, the piperazine ring is found in a number of additional pharmacologically active compounds.A search in the Web of Science for piperazines, limited to pharmacology/pharmacy, lists 30,767 citations from 2000-2015.Just two examples are the nootropic 1 2 and α7 nicotinic modulator 2. 3 Methods to prepare piperazine rings typically involve some type of dialkylation reaction with an amine or diamine 4 or an intramolecular coupling of a diimine. 5More recent routes for piperazine synthesis have involved ring expansion reactions, 6 reduction of pyrazine N-oxides, 7 Ugi reactions, 8 and palladium-catalyzed cyclizations.
Sinonasal cancer in Denmark 2008–2015: a population-based phase-4 cohort study from DAHANCA (2021)

Guideline compliance and a combined treatment approach reduced the incidence of LRF and thereby increased OS. Our results confirm those of international studies. Treatment of sinonasal carcinoma remains a challenge that requires multidisciplinary team coordination.
Epigenetic Remodeling of Meiotic Crossover Frequency in Arabidopsis thaliana DNA Methyltransferase Mutants (2020)

Meiosis is a specialized eukaryotic cell division that generates haploid gametes required for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair and undergo reciprocal genetic exchange, termed crossover (CO). Meiotic CO frequency varies along the physical length of chromosomes and is determined by hierarchical mechanisms, including epigenetic organization, for example methylation of the DNA and histones. Here we investigate the role of DNA methylation in determining patterns of CO frequency along Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes. In A. thaliana the pericentromeric regions are repetitive, densely DNA methylated, and suppressed for both RNA polymerase-II transcription and CO frequency. DNA hypomethylated methyltransferase1 (met1) mutants show transcriptional reactivation of repetitive sequences in the pericentromeres, which we demonstrate is coupled to extensive remodeling of CO frequency. We observe elevated centromere-proximal COs in met1, coincident with pericentromeric decreases and distal increases. Importantly, total numbers of CO events are similar between wild type and met1, suggesting a role for interference and homeostasis in CO remodeling. To understand recombination distributions at a finer scale we generated CO frequency maps close to the telomere of chromosome 3 in wild type and demonstrate an elevated recombination topology in met1. Using a pollen-typing strategy we have identified an intergenic nucleosome-free CO hotspot 3a, and we demonstrate that it undergoes increased recombination activity in met1. We hypothesize that modulation of 3a activity is caused by CO remodeling driven by elevated centromeric COs. These data demonstrate how regional epigenetic organization can pattern recombination frequency along eukaryotic chromosomes.
An integrated multilevel converter with sigma delta control for LED lighting (2017)

LEDs are rapidly emerging as the dominant light source. As such, the lighting industry values power converters with high efficiency, unity power factor, minimal flicker, dimming, low cost, and small form factor. This paper presents an integrated circuit (IC) LED driver that is designed to achieve these goals. It also introduces multilevel converters with sigma delta modulation to the power IC space. The circuit features a pair of sigma delta controlled multilevel converters. The first is a multilevel rectifier responsible for power factor correction (PFC) and dimming. The second is a multilevel inverter used to cancel AC power ripple from the DC bus. The system also contains an output stage that powers the LEDs with DC and provides for galvanic isolation. The proposed IC LED driver has been simulated and prototyped on a silicon fabrication process. Its functional performance indicates that integrated multilevel converters are a viable topology for lighting and other similar applications.
EFFECT OF OZANIMOD ON FECAL CALPROTECTIN AND FECAL LACTOFERRIN, BIOMARKERS OF INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION, IN THE PHASE 2 TOUCHSTONE STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH MODERATE-TO-SEVERE ULCERATIVE COLITIS (2021)

Abstract Introduction Efficacy and safety of ozanimod, an oral sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator selectively targeting S1P1 and S1P5, was previously demonstrated in the double-blind phase 2 TOUCHSTONE study (NCT01647516) in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Here we report the effect of ozanimod on levels of fecal calprotectin (FCP) and fecal lactoferrin (FLF), two markers of intestinal inflammation. Methods Patients in TOUCHSTONE were randomized 1:1:1 to once daily oral ozanimod HCl 0.5 mg (equivalent to ozanimod 0.46 mg), ozanimod HCl 1.0 mg (equivalent to ozanimod 0.92 mg), or placebo for 8 weeks; responders at week 8 (based upon Mayo score) entered a maintenance phase through week 32. Stool collection occurred at baseline and weeks 8 and 32 to measure levels of FCP and FLF. Results A total of 197 patients were randomized and received treatment (n=65, placebo; n=65, ozanimod 0.5 mg; n=67, ozanimod 1 mg). Median baseline levels of FCP were 1272, 1477, and 1238 μg/g, respectively; baseline FCP levels were not associated with baseline Mayo score. Median baseline levels of FLF were 29.0, 30.6, and 29.9 μg/g, respectively; baseline FLF was related to week 8 Mayo score even after adjusting for baseline Mayo score. At week 8, FCP levels declined across treatment groups (median percent change from baseline, -53.4, -68.7, and -70.0 in placebo, ozanimod 0.5 mg and 1 mg groups, respectively); declines in FCP were maintained at week 32 (median percent change from baseline, -42.3, -72.6, and -80.6, respectively). At week 8, declines in FCP were greater in patients achieving clinical response (based on Mayo score) than in non-responders on ozanimod 1 mg. Declines in FCP at week 8 were also greater in patients achieving clinical remission than in those who did not, with greater declines with ozanimod 1 mg relative to 0.5 mg. FLF levels declined at weeks 8 and 32 across treatment groups, with greater changes in the ozanimod 1 mg group vs placebo (median percent change from baseline, week 8: -35.7, -61.0, and -84.7, respectively; week 32: -60.2, -62.5, -85.3, respectively, for placebo, ozanimod 0.5 mg, and ozanimod 1 mg). Reductions in FLF at week 8 were greater for treatment responders vs non-responders and for those achieving vs not achieving clinical remission in the ozanimod 1 mg group. Conclusion In TOUCHSTONE, treatment with ozanimod was associated with declines in FCP levels in treatment responders (for the 1 mg dose group) or those who achieved clinical remission (both doses). Ozanimod 1 mg was also associated with declines in FLF for treatment responders and those achieving remission.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Antioxidant Flavonoids from Roots of Sophora flavescens (2008)

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is strongly implicated as a key process in the onset of atherosclerosis. In this study, nine alkylated (C10-C5) flavonoids from Sophora flavescens were examined for their inhibitory effects on copper-induced LDL oxidation. Of the flavonoids tested, sophoraflavanone G (1), kurarinone (2), kurarinol (3), norkurarinol (4), and kuraridin (9) inhibited the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with IC50s of 7.9, 14.5, 22.0, 26.9, and 17.5 microM, respectively. The most potent inhibitor, compound 1, also demonstrated significant activities in complementary in vitro investigations, such as lag time (130 min at 5 microM), relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of ox-LDL (80% inhibition at 20 microM), and fragmentation of apoB-100 (inhibition of 71% at 20 microM). Analysis of the structures of these compounds reveals that a resorcinol moiety in the B-ring is strongly correlated with protection of LDL-oxidation.
Optoelectronic InP-InGaAs smart pixels for optical interconnections and computing (1997)

We describe InP-InGaAs optoelectronic smart pixels for applications in optical interconnection and computing. These circuits consist of monolithically integrated p-i-n photodiodes, heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) receivers and transmitters, and surface-bonded folded-cavity surface-emitting lasers (FCSEL's). Design, fabrication, and performance of two different circuits: a high-sensitivity pixel, and a high-bandwidth pixel with logic functions are discussed. We achieve a minimum switching energy of 6 fJ, a maximum pixel bandwidth of 800 MHz, and an optoelectronic gain of 3. To our knowledge, these are the best overall performance characteristics of any optoelectronic smart pixel technology and are competitive or superior to that achieved using all-electronic interconnects.
Insights on synaptic paired-pulse response using parametric and non-parametric models (2013)

Paired-pulse protocol is a well-established stimulation pattern used to characterize short-term changes in synaptic potency. Due to the experimental difficulty in accessing and measuring responses and interactions between subsynaptic elements, understanding the mechanisms that shape synaptic response is extremely challenging. We already proposed to address this issue and gain insights on the matter using a complex integrated modeling platform called EONS (Elementary Objects of the Nervous System). The use of this parametric platform provided us with insightful information on the subsynaptic components and how their interactions shape synaptic dynamics. We herein propose to add and combine a non-parametric model to (i) simplify the modeling framework, the number of underlying parameters and the overall computational complexity while faithfully maintaining the desirable synaptic behavior and (ii) provide a clear and concise framework to characterize AMPA and NMDA contributions to the observed paired-pulse responses.
Organophilic Interaction (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Time-resolved photoluminescence and optical gain of Ga(NAsP) heterostructures pseudomorphically grown on silicon (001) substrate (2011)

The novel metastable dilute nitride material Ga(NAsP) is a very promising candidate for electrically pumped lasers on silicon because it can be pseudomorphically grown on silicon substrate. Here we investigate the optical properties of a series of multi-quantum well Ga(NAsP) samples grown lattice matched on GaP and Si substrates. Temperature and excitation resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates a significant impact of disorder-induced carrier localization effects on the optical properties. On the other hand, optical gain measurements reveal high modal gain up to 80 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at room temperature and demonstrate the suitability of this new material as an active material for laser devices. A comparative analysis of optical gain and photoluminescence data demonstrates a strong impact of the barrier-growth conditions on the optical quality of the material.
Microrheology of red blood cell membranes using dynamic scattering microscopy (2007)

We employ a novel optical technique, dynamic scattering microscopy (DSM), to extract the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic modulus associated with the red blood cell membrane. This approach applies the principle of dynamic light scattering to micro beads attached to the red blood cell membrane in thermal fluctuation. This allows for highthroughput characterization of a large number of cells simultaneously, which represents a significant advantage over current methods. The results in terms of the effective loss and storage moduli indicate the generic behavior of a viscoelastic material, characterized by power laws with exponents between 0 and 1.
Dielectric polarizability of alkali and alkaline-earth modified silicate glasses at microwave frequency (2020)

The dielectric properties of alkali and alkaline earth-modified silicate glasses were characterized in the frequency range where electronic and ionic polarizabilities contribute to permittivity. From the Clausius–Mossotti (CM) model, dielectric polarizability of each cation-oxygen constituent was determined from the permittivity and molar volume. The silicon–oxygen polarizability of silica glass (5.24 Å3) is significantly higher than that of crystalline quartz (4.87 Å3), suggesting that additional polarization modes contribute to glass permittivity. A full range of alkali species (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) were then added as glass network modifiers through a series of binary silicate glasses, and the silicon–oxygen polarizability increased to 5.38 Å3. A similar trend was observed for alkaline-earth aluminosilicate glasses in which the polarizability increased with the addition of cationic modifiers to 5.89 Å3. CM analysis provides a method to explore the fundamental relationship between the glass structure and its unique polarization response in the microwave frequency range. Microwave permittivity values are predicted over broad compositional ranges for alkali and alkaline earth-modified silicate glasses using the CM relationship.
Pore Morphology of Porous Polymer Particles Probed by NMR Relaxometry and NMR Cryoporometry (2005)

The pore size distribution (PSD) and pore connectivity (PC) within porous polymer particles are probed by combining NMR cryoporometry and NMR relaxometry (spin-spin relaxation). With water as a probe molecule, the constant K in the so-called Gibbs-Thompson equation and the surface relaxivity (rho2) were determined to be K = (420 +/- 50) KA and rho2 = (0.44 +/- 0.01) x 10(-6) ms(-1), respectively. Also, the thickness of the interface layer was estimated to be of the order of one monolayer of water molecules. A detailed analysis of the complete set of NMR data enabled the morphology or pore structure to be probed, and is thoroughly discussed in the text.