gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Si membrane based tactile sensor with active matrix circuitry for artificial skin applications (2015)

The fabrication and the characteristics of an inorganic silicon-based flexible tactile sensor equipped with active-matrix circuitry compatible with a batch microfabrication process are reported. An 8 × 8 array of 260 nm-thick silicon strain gauges along with individual thin film transistor switches was built on a plastic substrate with 1 mm spacing, corresponding to a human spatial resolution at the fingertip. We demonstrated that the sensor shows excellent performances in terms of repeatability of 1.1%, hysteresis of 1.0%, scanning speed of as much as 100 kHz and resolution of 12.4 kPa while maintaining low power consumption and signal crosstalk through a series of experiments.
A vision prosthesis based on electrical stimulation of the primary visual cortex using epicortical microelectrodes (2020)

Abstract Prostheses that can restore limited vision in the profoundly blind have been under investigation for several decades. Studies using epicortical macroelectrodes and intracortical microelectrodes have validated that electrical stimulation of primary visual cortical can serve as the basis for a vision prosthesis. However, neither of these approaches has resulted in a clinically viable vision prosthesis. Epicortical macroelectrodes required high levels of electrical current to evoke visual percepts, while intracortical microelectrodes faced challenges with longevity and stability. We hypothesized that epicortical microelectrodes could evoke visual percepts at lower currents than macroelectrodes and provide improved longevity and stability compared with intracortical microelectrodes. To test this hypotheses we implanted epicortical microelectrode arrays over the primary visual cortex of a nonhuman primate. Electrical stimulation via this array was used to evaluate the ability of epicortical microstimulation to evoke differentiable visual percepts. Visual percepts were evoked using the epicortical microelectrode array, and at electrical currents notably lower than those required to evoke visual percepts on macroelectrode arrays. The electrical current thresholds for evoking visual percepts on the epicortical microelectrode array were consistent across multiple array implants and over several months. Normal vision of light perception was not impaired by multiple array implants or chronic electrical stimulation, demonstrating that no gross visual deficit resulted from the experiments. We specifically demonstrate that epicortical microelectrode interfaces can serve as the basis for a vision prosthesis and more generally may provide an approach to evoking perception in multiple sensory modalities. One Sentence Summary Electrical stimulation of the brain via microelectrodes resting on the surface of primary visual cortex can evoke multiple differentiable visual percepts.
Designing for ESD survivability of a monolithically protected GaInP2/GaInAs/Ge solar cell (2009)

We report on the design and performance of a monolithically protected GaInP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ga(In)As/Ge cell. This solar cell known as the ZTJM is a companion cell to the 30% class GaInP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ga(In)As/Ge ZTJ solar cell. The ZTJ cell is characterized by a beginning of life (BOL) maximum power point efficiency of 29.5% (135.3 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) under simulated AM0 illumination with an operating temperature of 28°C. The primary design objectives of the ZTJM cell were to maintain performance parity with the ZTJ cell and to demonstrate improved electrostatic discharge (ESD) hardness of the bypass diode relative to those in previous monolithically protected triple junction products. Through the course of the diode development we identified two key factors required for ESD robustness. With these findings we have achieved a monolithically protected GaInP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ga(In)As/Ge cell with an average 1-sun AM0 efficiency of 29% capable of withstanding at least 10 successive pulses of 30 A intensity and 100 us duration.
DIRECT CURRENT METHOD FOR DAMAGE DETECTION OF UNDERGROUND METAL PIPELINE WITH ANTICORROSION COAT (2013)

Surveying damage site of the anticorrosion coat of the underground metal pipeline is currently a realistic problem in pipe network construction.The methods commonly used for detection of the damages include the Person method,potential test method and close interval pipe-to-soil potential survey method,but the principle of the DC method is rarely mentioned.This article makes a detailed introduction to the forward modeling and inversion method for finding out specific damage sites of the anticorrosion coat of underground metal pipelines by the DC method.Calculation and analysis suggest that the DC method is effective in detecting the damage sites on the anticorrosion coat of underground metal pipelines.
Chapter 8 Experiments on Cloaking for Surface Water Waves (2016)

Control of electromagnetic (EM) ﬂux and energy is a fundamentalscientiﬁc issue with great implications in theory and applications.Based on the principles of refraction and reﬂection, lenses andwaveguides composed of dielectrics and metals have become themost successful devices to guide and control EM waves andﬂuxes. Recently, the rapid development in the ﬁeld of artiﬁcialEM structures such as photonic crystals, plasmonic structures, andmetamaterials has inspired new ways to control EM waves andﬂuxes beyond traditional methods, leading to intriguing devicessuch as superlens, hyperlens, invisibility cloaks, illusion devices, andtunneling waveguides. In this chapter, we introduce a mechanism tocontrol the spatial distribution of either the electric or the magneticﬁeld instead of both ﬁelds. We demonstrate that EM ﬂuxes canbe controlled in an almost arbitrary manner in wavelength andsubwavelength scales. Interestingly, the principle of ﬂux controlin our method does not rely on surface waves as in the ﬁeld ofplasmonics, but relies on the evanescent waves induced by thestrong anisotropy and designed inhomogeneity of media. Alongwiththe ability of controlling EM ﬂux, such inhomogeneous anisotropicmedia exhibit surprisingly robust high transmittance. Combiningwith transformation optics, such high transmittance property canbe utilized to build waveguide devices with almost arbitrary shapesand bending angles. As ourmethod only needs to control the electricﬁeld instead of the magnetic ﬁeld, it also provides an eﬃcientapproach for ﬂux control with nonmagnetic dielectric media.
Multimodal synchronization of chaos (2003)

An elementary notion of master-slave synchronization that accepts multimodal synchronization is introduced. We prove rigorously that the attractor of a coupled pair in a regime of multimodal synchronization is the graph of a multivalued function. Our framework provides the theoretical basis for some practical tools for detection of multimodal synchrony in experiments. Results are illustrated with the analysis of experiments with coupled electronic oscillators.
Measurement of the Inclusive Jet Cross Section inppCollisions ats=7  TeV (2011)

The inclusive jet cross section is measured in pp collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider using the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb(-1). The measurement is made for jet transverse momenta in the range 18-1100 GeV and for absolute values of rapidity less than 3. The measured cross section extends to the highest values of jet p(T) ever observed and, within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties, is generally in agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions.
Valence Band Modification and High Thermoelectric Performance in SnTe Heavily Alloyed with MnTe (2015)

We demonstrate a high solubility limit of >9 mol% for MnTe alloying in SnTe. The electrical conductivity of SnTe decreases gradually while the Seebeck coefficient increases remarkably with increasing MnTe content, leading to enhanced power factors. The room-temperature Seebeck coefficients of Mn-doped SnTe are significantly higher than those predicted by theoretical Pisarenko plots for pure SnTe, indicating a modified band structure. The high-temperature Hall data of Sn1-xMnxTe show strong temperature dependence, suggestive of a two-valence-band conduction behavior. Moreover, the peak temperature of the Hall plot of Sn1-xMnxTe shifts toward lower temperature as MnTe content is increased, which is clear evidence of decreased energy separation (band convergence) between the two valence bands. The first-principles electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory also support this point. The higher doping fraction (>9%) of Mn in comparison with ∼3% for Cd and Hg in SnTe gives rise to a much better valence band convergence that is responsible for the observed highest Seebeck coefficient of ∼230 μV/K at 900 K. The high doping fraction of Mn in SnTe also creates stronger point defect scattering, which when combined with ubiquitous endotaxial MnTe nanostructures when the solubility of Mn is exceeded scatters a wide spectrum of phonons for a low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.9 W m(-1) K(-1) at 800 K. The synergistic role that Mn plays in regulating the electron and phonon transport of SnTe yields a high thermoelectric figure of merit of 1.3 at 900 K.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing and -imaging of melanoma ecosystems reveals sources of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. (2018)

3074 Background: While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) produces durable responses in some patients with melanoma, most patients derive no clinical benefit, and the molecular underpinnings of ICB resistance (ICR) are elusive. Methods: We applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to > 10,000 malignant and non-malignant cells derived from 31 melanoma tumors, including 15 from patients with ICB, 15 treatment-naïve patients, and 1 patient with clinical response. We applied a novel data-driven method to systematically map cancer programs that promote ICR and T cell exclusion. Results: We demonstrate that cancer cell-autonomous ICR programs identified by scRNA-Seq predict comprise several putative mechanisms of resistance, including several that have previously not been described. In addition to functional implications, we generated a clinically applicable signature that was predictive of clinical response (per RECIST criteria) and progression-free survival (PFS): one of patients who underwent RNA-seq of matched pre-treatment and progression (ICR) specimens; and another of 112 melanoma patients with pre-treatment RNA-seq who receive anti-PD-1 monotherapy. This scRNA-Seq derived predictive signature was superior to all interrogated previously published signatures. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pharmacological reversal of these oncogenic cell states can be achieved by CDK4/6-inhibition, and explored the impact of this treatment in melanoma at the single cell level. To determine the role of T cell exclusion from the TME as a potential mechanism of ICR, we performed spatially resolved 30-plex single-cell protein analysis of matching FFPE specimens from 16 of patients who also underwent scRNA-seq. While the integration of these data sets is pending, the presented analytical platforms provide a promising approach to understanding drug resistance within preserved tumor ecosystems. Conclusions: Our study provides a high-resolution landscape of oncogenic ICR states, identifies clinically predictive signatures, and forms a basis to developing novel therapeutic strategies that could overcome immunotherapy resistance in melanoma.
Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems (POEMS): Microbes Return to Flight (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For long-duration exploration missions where re-supply is not a viable alternative for human crews, sustainable strategies based on integrated bioprocesses and physical-chemical systems are required. Bioregenerative life support elements enabling human exploration systems require microbial communities that are physiologically diverse, functionally stable, and non virulent. Given the potential for rapid change in microbial populations through processes that may be accelerated in space (&lt;i&gt;i.e&lt;/i&gt;., mutation, recombination, and natural selection), multi-generation experiments are required to understand the pattern and process of microbial community assembly and evolution in the space environment. In order to advance the technology readiness level of biological systems for exploration missions, these studies should enable independent examination of gravity and radiation effects in the space environment at multiple levels of organization from individual cell growth to ecosystem ecology. One requirement for these studies is a cell cultivation unit with low mass, volume, energy, and crew-time requirements for the multi-generation growth of microbial populations in the space environment. Passive Observatories for Experimental Microbial Systems (POEMS) are an integrated flight-ready unit to support multi-generation microbial studies. The POEMS cultivation unit integrates the OptiCell™, a small sterile growth chamber sealed between optically clear gas-permeable growth surfaces, with modified BRIC (Biological Research in a Canister) flight hardware. Each BRIC-Opti canister provides mechanical support for four replicate OptiCell™ chambers, a captured volume of atmosphere for microbial metabolism, gas sampling capability, and autonomous temperature data logging during the mission. The POEMS experiment will enable analyses of microbial growth and evolution in a microgravity environment on STS-121 during ULF1.1 and on ISS during Increment 11.&lt;/div&gt;
Rationally engineered double substituted variants of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase with enhanced activity coupled with highly inverted enantioselectivity towards 2‐bromo phenyl acetic acid esters (2010)

Inverting enzyme enantioselectivity by protein engineering is still a great challenge. Lip2p lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica, which demonstrates a low S-enantioselectivity (E-value = 5) during the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of 2-bromo-phenyl acetic acid octyl esters (an important class of chemical intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry), was converted, by a rational engineering approach, into a totally R-selective enzyme (E-value > 200). This tremendous change in selectivity is the result of only two amino acid changes. The starting point of our strategy was the prior identification of two key positions, 97 and 232, for enantiomer discrimination. Four single substitution variants were recently identified as exhibiting a low inversion of selectivity coupled to a low-hydrolytic activity. On the basis of these results, six double substituted variants, combining relevant mutations at both 97 and 232 positions, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. This work led to the isolation of one double substituted variant (D97A-V232F), which displays a total preference for the R-enantiomer. The highly reversed enantioselectivity of this variant is accompanied by a 4.5-fold enhancement of its activity toward the preferred enantiomer. The molecular docking of the R- and S-enantiomers in the wild-type enzyme and the D97A-V232F variant suggests that V232F mutation provides a more favorable stacking interaction for the phenyl group of the R-enantiomer, that could explain both the enhanced activity and the reversal of enantioselectivity. These results demonstrate the potential of rationally engineered mutations to further enhance enzyme activity and to modulate selectivity.
A tissue engineering approach to site specific reconstruction of skeletal structures of the maxillofacial region: part II. (2000)

This article will present an image-based approach to design and manufacture of scaffolds for the tissue engineering of bone and cartilage constructs. Our vision of tissue-engineered bone and/or cartilage constructs utilizes 3-D designed and manufactured biodegradable scaffolds that are site specific for the area of maxillofacial reconstruction. The fabricated site-specific scaffold can be constructed such that it will impart biologic cues to implanted cells placed within its interstices. These biologic cues should influence scaffold implanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to form the necessary tissue for site specific facial reconstruction. This new approach to tissue engineering of the maxillofacial region would be advantageous because of its site-specific anatomical configuration as well as its potential ability to adapt to the functional forces placed on it during function. The reconstruction of the condylar-ramus area of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) will be used as an illustration of this approach.
SARS-CoV-2 infection studies in lung organoids identify TSPAN8 as novel mediator (2021)

SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a global pandemic with large variation in COVID-19 disease spectrum. SARS-CoV-2 infection requires host receptor ACE2 on lung epithelium, but epithelial underpinnings of variation are largely unknown. We capitalized on comprehensive organoid assays to report remarkable variation in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of lung organoids from different subjects. Tropism is highest for TUBA- and MUC5AC-positive organoid cells, but levels of TUBA-, MUC5A-, or ACE2- positive cells do not predict infection rate. We identify surface molecule Tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) as novel mediator of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is not downregulated by this specific virus. TSPAN8 levels, prior to infection, strongly correlate with infection rate and TSPAN8-blocking antibodies diminish SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose TSPAN8 as novel functional biomarker and potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.
Multiple source localization in the spherical harmonic domain using augmented intensity vectors based on grid search (2016)

Multiple source localization is an important task in acoustic signal processing with applications including dereverberation, source separation, source tracking and environment mapping. When using spherical microphone arrays, it has been previously shown that Pseudo-intensity Vectors (PIV), and Augmented Intensity Vectors (AIV), are an effective approach for direction of arrival estimation of a sound source. In this paper, we evaluate AIV-based localization in acoustic scenarios involving multiple sound sources. Simulations are conducted where the number of sources, their angular separation and the reverberation time of the room are varied. The results indicate that AIV outperforms PIV and Steered Response Power (SRP) with an average accuracy between 5 and 10 degrees for sources with angular separation of 30 degrees or more. AIV also shows better robustness to reverberation time than PIV and SRP.
POSSIBLE ENGINEERING DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPENT OF HEAVY AND SUPER-HEAVY OXYGEN-KEROSENE SPACE ROCKET (2022)

The paper presents the results of an independent design study into the feasibility of developing for the Super-Heavy Space Rocket (SHSR) with 140–170 ton payload capacity a modular Launch Vehicle (LV) in the form of a tri-pack cluster of three two-stage medium LVs Soyuz-5 and three side-mounted bi-pack clusters based on coupling together the first stages of LV Soyuz-5 based on NPO Energomash oxygen-kerosene main engines RD171MV, RD180, RD191M and a four-chamber version of the RD120 engine. In addition to this, the paper discusses the feasibility of using the tri-pack cluster from the SHSR as a standalone Heavy LV with an increased payload capacity (50–60tons) to assure its more frequent use, and thus upkeep the operational reliability of the more powerful SHSR. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of designing the second-phase reusable versions of the first-stage clusters for SHSR and Heavy LV, as well as the feasibility of manned lunar missions using not two, but only one SHSR. Key words: integrated launch vehicle, launch vehicle, main engine, tri-pack cluster, bi-pack cluster, crew transportation spacecraft, lunar take-off and landing vehicle.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Polystyrene and 2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)gallate in Solutions and in Polymer Films (2003)

Photoinduced electron transfer between polystyrene and 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)gallate (TPPGa) has been studied in dichloromethane solution and in poly(vinyl chloride) film by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching techniques. A dependence of the observed rate constant of fluorescence quenching and the theoretical dependence of the diffusion constant on the molecular weight of the polystyrene were derived. Positive curvature in Stern−Volmer plots for quenching with polystyrene and toluene in solution and negative curvature in the Perrin plot for polystyrene in film was observed. No new absorption or fluorescence bands appeared upon addition of the donor to the dichloromethane solution of TPPGa. Forward and back electron transfer is the possible pathway for stabilization of TPPGa in polystyrene because 100% of TPPGa can be recovered even after prolonged irradiation.
Effect of Ventricular Arrhythmia Ablation in Patients With Heart Mate II Left Ventricular Assist Devices: An Evaluation of Ablation Therapy (2016)

In patients with progressive HF and LVAD implantation, ablation is associated with reduced VA rates. In LVAD patients, most VAs arise from substrate unrelated to the inflow cannula site.
Corrosion Resistances of Steel Pipes Internally Coated with Enamel (2017)

The corrosion resistances of enamel-coated steel pipe in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was evaluated and compared with those of epoxy-coated pipe using open-circuit potential, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. T-001c enamel slurry and GP2118 enamel powder were sprayed to steel pipe in wet and electrostatic processes, respectively. The phase composition and microstructures of the two enamels were characterized with x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness of enamels and their bond strength with steel substrates were quantified to understand coating quality. SEM images revealed that both types of enamel coatings have a solid structure with isolated bubbles. Electrochemical tests showed a high corrosion resistance of the enamel coatings as verified in visual inspection on the tested samples. In particular, the GP2118 enamel-coated samples consistently outperformed the epoxy-coated samples.