gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Reverse Micelle Synthesis of Carbon-Supported LaMnO[sub 3] (2004)

Reverse micelle (RM) based synthesis of carbon-supported perovskite type oxide was investigated. By using cyclohexane as oil phase, six kinds of nonionic surfactants were tested for the formation of the revere micelle dispersions containing aqueous solutions of mixed nitrates of and (RM-N) and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (RM-A) at the water/surfactant molar ratio of 3. RM-A was found to be more difficult to form compared with RM-N or the RM containing pure water. At a temperature range of 5-25°C, it was given only by the surfactants with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of 10.0-10.9. Phase diagrams of oil-surfactant-alkaline solution (or pure water) were constructed at 5 and 15°C for the best two surfactants, i.e., -nonylphenyl ether and -lauryl ether. Mixing RM-N and RM-A together gave the RM containing a mixed hydroxides-precursor (RM-P), which was further converted into carbon-supported through a series of treatments including the addition of carbon powder and calcination in atmosphere at 600°C. The size of RM-P as well as that of the grains supported on carbon could be controlled well by selecting The carbon-supported proved to be highly active for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Development of a phosphatase-resistant, l-tyrosine derived LPA1/LPA3 dual antagonist (2011)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive compound that has gained attention due to its role in neoplastic diseases. Our group has developed a potent dual LPA1/LPA3 receptor antagonist, VPC51098 (LPA1 IC(50) = 84 nM, LPA1 IC(50) = 48 nM) that contained a labile phosphate head group. This lability has impaired our evaluation of our scaffold of LPA receptor antagonists in vivo. We wished to replace the phosphate with a potentially more stable head group while retaining potency at both LPA1 and LPA3 to facilitate future in vivo studies. We tested in vitro potency of all head groups including α-methylene, α-fluoromethylene, α-hydroxymethylene; vinyl phosphonates; α-fluoro vinyl phosphonates. The most potent compound was found to be a low micromolar inhibitor VPC51299 that contained a vinyl phosphonate and possessed a half-life of approximately 90 min in rats when dosed intravenously. Herein, we describe the synthesis and initial biological evaluation of these compounds.
A prefix space partitioning approach to scalable peer gateway discovery in secure virtual private networks (2005)

Virtual private networks (VPNs) are the used by enterprises to secure sensitive traffic going over public network infrastructure like the Internet. In VPNs, geographically separated networks belonging to the same community of interest (COI) are connected through virtual links (security associations) between VPN gateways. VPN gateways authenticate traffic, encrypt packets, and decrypt packets so that only encrypted packets from VPN customers travel the public network infrastructure. Each of these encrypted packets has the entire original IP packet encrypted and has a new IP header added to route the packet from the source gateway to the destination gateway. Of course, this implies that the source gateway needs to map the destination network prefix to the plain and cipher text addresses of the destination gateway. This mapping is used to create a security association between VPN gateways when the first packet carrying the destination network prefix arrives at the source gateway. In the currently deployed VPNs, each VPN gateway is configured manually with a table containing mapping from each network prefix to the IP address(es) of the VPN gateway that fronts that prefix. Manual configuration process cannot scale to VPNs with large number of plain text (trusted) networks and cannot handle situations where entire (trusted) networks move frequently and attach to different VPN gateways. In particular, the Global Information Grid (GIG) vision of the future network for DoD communities indicates the need for VPNs with several tens of thousands to a million gateways and similar number of trusted networks. For such networks, we need discovery mechanism for a VPN gateway to automatically find out which peer VPN gateway currently fronts for a given network (prefix) so a security association can be established for transmitting encrypted packets to that prefix. We would like this discovery mechanism to require minimal information transfer from plain text (PT) to cipher text (CT) side. Several discovery approaches have been proposed and investigated. In this paper, we discuss key elements and organization of a new discovery mechanism, which uses a system of servers. The server organization is based on partitioning the space of prefixes and is designed to allow scalability and mobility support while keeping communication between these servers simple. We describe key ideas and key information exchange, and show how the solution scales to millions of prefixes. We also discuss how these ideas can be extended to add hierarchies and take advantage of sub communities of interest. Hierarchies may also be useful in dealing with multiple levels of cipher text networks separated by CT-PT-CT gateways.
Quantum error correction under numerically exact open-quantum-system dynamics (2022)

The known quantum error-correcting codes are typically built on approximative open-quantum-system models such as Born--Markov master equations. However, it is an open question how such codes perform in actual physical systems that, to some extent, necessarily exhibit phenomena beyond the limits of these models. To this end, we employ numerically exact open-quantum-system dynamics to analyze the performance of a five-qubit error correction code where each qubit is coupled to its own bath. We first focus on the performance of a single error correction cycle covering time scales beyond that of Born--Markov models. Namely, we observe distinct power law behavior of the channel infidelity $\propto t^{2a}$: $a\lesssim 2$ in the ultrashort times $t&lt;3/ω_{\rm c}$ and $a\approx 1/2$ in the short-time range $3/ω_{\rm c}
Correlating Molecular Phylogeny with Venom Apparatus Occurrence in Panamic Auger Snails (Terebridae) (2009)

Central to the discovery of neuroactive compounds produced by predatory marine snails of the superfamily Conoidea (cone snails, terebrids, and turrids) is identifying those species with a venom apparatus. Previous analyses of western Pacific terebrid specimens has shown that some Terebridae groups have secondarily lost their venom apparatus. In order to efficiently characterize terebrid toxins, it is essential to devise a key for identifying which species have a venom apparatus. The findings presented here integrate molecular phylogeny and the evolution of character traits to infer the presence or absence of the venom apparatus in the Terebridae. Using a combined dataset of 156 western and 33 eastern Pacific terebrid samples, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on analyses of 16S, COI and 12S mitochondrial genes. The 33 eastern Pacific specimens analyzed represent four different species: Acus strigatus, Terebra argyosia, T. ornata, and T. cf. formosa. Anatomical analysis was congruent with molecular characters, confirming that species included in the clade Acus do not have a venom apparatus, while those in the clade Terebra do. Discovery of the association between terebrid molecular phylogeny and the occurrence of a venom apparatus provides a useful tool for effectively identifying the terebrid lineages that may be investigated for novel pharmacological active neurotoxins, enhancing conservation of this important resource, while providing supplementary information towards understanding terebrid evolutionary diversification.
Towards N×40Gbit/s transoceanic regenerated systems (1999)

The first response to the demand for capacity in transoceanic transmission systems is the technique of wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM), which allows a substantial increase in system capacity without constraints in the terminal’s electronics bandwidth.
Lowering Prostate-specific Antigen Threshold for Prostate Biopsy in Korean Men: Impact on the Number Needing Biopsy (2008)

PURPOSE: We examined the effect of lowering prostate-specific antigen (PSA) threshold on the number of Korean men requiring a prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated men who had serum PSA levels tested at routine physical check-ups between 1999 and 2005 at 11 domestic hospitals. Men with PSA&gt; or =10ng/ml or patients with prostate cancer were excluded. A total of 45,074 men(aged 50 to 79 years) were enrolled and split into three age groups: 50-59 years, 60-69 years, and 70-79 years. For each age group, we calculated the number and proportion of men whose PSA level exceeded potential biopsy thresholds: 2.5ng/ml, 3.0ng/ml, and 4.0ng/ml. Results were extrapolated to the 4.992 million men older than 50 years old, or 21.3% of the Korean male population in 2005. RESULTS: The number of biopsy candidates at the threshold of 4.0ng/ml, 3.0ng/ml, and 2.5ng/ml were 1,321(2.9%), 2,248(5.4%), and 3,577(7.9%), respectively. Extrapolating to the male population in Korea, lowering the PSA threshold from 4.0ng/ml to 3.0 or 2.5ng/ml would increase the number of men needing biopsy by 1.75 and 2.49 times, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lowering the PSA threshold would increase the number of men receiving prostate biopsy despite the low reference age for PSA in Korea. Considering the low incidence of prostate cancer, physicians should be careful in altering the PSA threshold.
Design of Efficiently-Encodable Rate-Compatible Irregular LDPC Codes (2006)

We present a new class of irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for finite block length (up to a few thousand symbols). The proposed codes are efficiently encodable and have a simple rate-compatible puncturing structure. For block lengths on the order of n=1000 bits, the codes show good puncturing performance over a wide range of rates. The codes outperform optimized irregular LDPC codes and (extended) irregular repeat-accumulate codes for all rates 0.5~0.9, and are particularly good at high puncturing rates where good puncturing performance has been previously difficult to achieve.
Excited-State Dynamics Achieved Ultimate Stereocontrol of Photocyclodimerization of Anthracenecarboxylates on a Glucose Scaffold (2015)

Near-perfect stereoselectivity was attained in the diastereodifferentiating [4 + 4] photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylates tethered to a glucose scaffold not by thermodynamically tuning the conformer equilibrium in the ground state but by kinetically controlling the conformer dynamics and reactivity in the excited state, which enabled us, after removal of the scaffold, to obtain a single enantiomer of chiral anti-head-to-head-cyclodimer in >99% optical and 96% chemical yield from an ensemble of four precursor conformers.
High-voltage AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabricated on free-standing GaN substrates (2013)

This paper describes DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on a free-standing GaN substrate. The three terminal breakdown voltage of the fabricated HEMT with a gate length of 3 μm exhibited a linear increase with increasing the gate-to-drain distance (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> ), reaching more than 1200 V at L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> =25 μm. It was found that the ON/OFF ratio in the drain current was only 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> , indicating the need for further improvements in buffer structure design.
Variations in Nutritional Quality and Biomass Production of Semiarid Grasslands (1998)

The effect of the growing season and topographic zone on biomass production, protein content, cell content (CC), lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, digestibility (DMD), and mineral element concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) were studied in herbage samples collected from semiarid grasslands in Central-Western Spain. Protein and mineral contents decreased as the growing season progressed whereas fibre properties tended to increase. Topographic gradient significantly affected peak biomass production, fibre properties, protein and mineral contents. Stepwise multiple regression showed that the prediction of biomass production on these areas was related to cellulose, Na, Fe, and Mg contents in the grassland community whereas fibre properties were mainly predicted by Ca, Na, and Cu. Principal component analysis indicated that the temporal evolution (component ID of the organic variables determined pasture quality whereas most of the variation in mineral content was related to the topographical gradient (component I). Some organic and inorganic parameters may cause deficiencies in cattle grazing on the upper and middle zones, mostly at the end of the growing season. The data suggest that information about the temporal and spatial variations of the production and nutritional quality of semiarid grassland is necessary for making correct management.
Intelligence and Learning in O-RAN for Data-Driven NextG Cellular Networks (2021)

Next generation (NextG) cellular networks will be natively cloud-based and built on programmable, virtualized, and disaggregated architectures. The separation of control functions from the hardware fabric and the introduction of standardized control interfaces will enable the definition of custom closed-control loops, which will ultimately enable embedded intelligence and real-time analytics, thus effectively realizing the vision of autonomous and self-optimizing networks. This article explores the disaggregated network architecture proposed by the O-RAN Alliance as a key enabler of NextG networks. Within this architectural context, we discuss the potential, the challenges, and the limitations of data-driven optimization approaches to network control over different timescales. We also present the first large-scale integration of O-RAN-compliant software components with an open source full-stack softwarized cellular network. Experiments conducted on Colosseum, the world's largest wireless network emulator, demonstrate closed-loop integration of real-time analytics and control through deep reinforcement learning agents. We also show the feasibility of radio access network (RAN) control through xApps running on the near-real-time RAN intelligent controller to optimize the scheduling policies of coexisting network slices, leveraging the O-RAN open interfaces to collect data at the edge of the network.
Design, synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogs with triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one systems (2019)

A new series of phosphonylated triazolo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridine (1-deaza-8-azapurine), imidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridine (1-deazapurine) and imidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridin-2(3<i>H</i>)-one (1-deazapurin-8-one) were synthesized from 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine and selected diethyl ɷ-aminoalkylphosphonates followed by reduction of the nitro group and cyclization. In the final step <i>O</i>,<i>O</i>-diethylphosphonates were transformed into the corresponding phosphonic acids. All synthesized compounds were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> for inhibitory activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses and their cytotoxic potencies were also established. Compound <b>12f</b> showed marginal activity against cytomegalovirus Davis strain (EC<sub>50</sub> = 76.47 μM) in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells while compounds <b>10g</b> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 52.53 μM) and <b>12l</b> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 61.70 μM) were minimally active against the varicella-zoster virus Oka strain in HEL cells. Compounds under investigation were not cytotoxic at the maximum concentration evaluated (100 µM).
Microbial Community Structure of Relict Niter-Beds Previously Used for Saltpeter Production (2014)

From the 16th to the 18th centuries in Japan, saltpeter was produced using a biological niter-bed process and was formed under the floor of gassho-style houses in the historic villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama, which are classified as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites. The relict niter-beds are now conserved in the underfloor space of gassho-style houses, where they are isolated from destabilizing environmental factors and retain the ability to produce nitrate. However, little is known about the nitrifying microbes in such relict niter-bed ecosystems. In this study, the microbial community structures within nine relict niter-bed soils were investigated using 454 pyrotag analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene and the bacterial and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA). The 16S rRNA gene pyrotag analysis showed that members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Planctomycetes were major microbial constituents, and principal coordinate analysis showed that the NO3-, Cl-, K+, and Na+ contents were potential determinants of the structures of entire microbial communities in relict niter-bed soils. The bacterial and archaeal amoA libraries indicated that members of the Nitrosospira-type ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and "Ca. Nitrososphaera"-type ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), respectively, predominated in relict niter-bed soils. In addition, soil pH and organic carbon content were important factors for the ecological niche of AOB and AOA in relict niter-bed soil ecosystems.
Effect of Immunosuppression on T-Helper 2 and B-Cell Responses to Influenza Vaccination (2015)

Seroconversion is associated with influenza-specific T-helper 2 and B-cell activation and seems to be modulated by MMF.
Histologic differences between orthotopic xenograft pancreas models affect Verteporfin uptake measured by fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy (2012)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) that uses the second generation photosensitizer, verteporfin (VP), is a developing therapy for pancreatic cancer. The optimal timing of light delivery related to VP uptake and distribution in pancreatic tumors will be important information to obtain to improve treatment for this intractable disease. In this work we examined uptake and distribution of VP in two orthotopic pancreatic tumors with different histological structure. ASPC-1 (fast-growing) and Panc-1 (slower growing) tumors were implanted in SCID mice and studied when tumors were approximately 100mm<sup>3</sup>. In a pilot study, these tumors had been shown to differ in uptake of VP using lightinduced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) in vivo and fluorescence imaging ex vivo and that work is extended here. In vivo fluorescence mean readings of tumor and liver increased rapidly up to 15 minutes after photosensitizer injection for both tumor types, and then continued to increase up to 60 minutes post injection to a higher level in ASPC-1 than in Panc-1. There was variability among animals with the same tumor type, in both liver and tumor uptake and no selectivity of tumor over liver. In this work we further examined VP uptake at multiple time points in relation to microvascular density and perfusion, using DiOC<sub>7</sub> (to mark blood vessels) and VP fluorescence in the same tissue slices. Analysis of DiOC7 fluorescence indicates that AsPC-1 and Panc-1 have different vascular densities but AsPC-1 vasculature is more perfusive. Analysis of colocalized DiOC7 and VP fluorescence showed ASPC-1 with higher accumulation of VP 3 hrs after injection and more VP at a distance from blood vessels compared to Panc-1. This work shows the need for techniques to analyze photosensitizer distribution in order to optimize photodynamic therapy as an effective treatment for pancreatic tumors.
Video 4 from Autocrine Fibronectin Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ca1h cells depleted for FN (shFN30) fail to form any fibrillar strains when cultured on our 3D culture scaffold.&lt;/p&gt;
The relative effects of cavitation and nonlinear ultrasound propagation on HIFU lesion dynamics in a tissue phantom (2004)

The relative importance of the effects of acoustic nonlinearity and cavitation in HIFU lesion production is studied experimentally and theoretically in a polyacrylamide gel. A 2-MHz transducer of 40-mm diameter and 45-mm focal length was operated at different regimes of power, and in cw or duty-cycle regimes with equal mean intensity. Elevated static pressure was applied to suppress bubbles, increase boiling temperature, and thus to isolate the effect of acoustic nonlinearity in the enhancement of lesion production. Experimental data were compared with the results of simulations performed using a KZK acoustic model combined with the bioheat equation and thermal dose formulation. Boiling and the typical tadpole-shaped lesion shifting towards the transducer were observed under standard atmospheric pressure. No boiling was detected and a symmetric thermal lesion formed in the case of overpressure. A delay in lesion inception time was registered with overpressure, which was hypothesized to be due to suppressed microbubble dynamics. The effect of acoustic nonlinearity was revealed as a substantial decrease in the lesion inception time and an increase in the lesion size for high-amplitude waves under both standard and overpressure conditions. [Work supported by ONRIFO, NASA/NSBRI, NIH Fogarty, and CRDF grants.]
Design, Analysis, and Testing of a Low-Cost, Additively-Manufactured, Single-Use Compressor (2020)

While the centrifugal compressor has largely remained unchanged in form for many decades, modifications to its design throughout the years have increased its performance. Developing novel adaptations to the modern compressor is hard. However, with the recent advancements of additive manufacturing in both the usable materials and precision of the machines, new opportunities have arisen. Additive manufacturing (AM) has opened up many possible improvements to the compressor design such as new structures, new materials, and rapid iteration. While compressors have been built out of metals using techniques such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), these methods tend to be expensive, slow, and lower quality than machined compressors. The search for an ultra-low cost compressor would have application in many fields and would allow many more iterations of a design to occur for the same cost. Many plastics and composites demonstrate promise as low cost alternatives to metal printing. However, analysis and prediction of the performance of these printed materials is difficult due to their anisotropic properties, strong temperature dependence, and printing irregularities. This work depicts the first iteration of the AM compressor, that will eventually lead to a compressor that meets the requirements of a current small jet engine compressor for a fraction of the cost, a reduction in weight, and with a much shorter build time. Material selection led to ULTEM 9085. Anisotropic tensile properties were found at elevated temperatures for this material. A model was analyzed for structural strength using FEA software, ANSYS with these material properties. Failure was predicted at 72,625 RPM. The compressor was manufactured with ULTEM 9085 material deposition and tested using a turbocharger until failure occurred at 72,000 RPM. This project had three primary goals: (1) design, build, and test a replacement compressor (2) demonstrate ANSYS’s ability to predict the compressor failure and (3) determine the performance effects of AM on this compressor.