gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AAV4-mediated Expression of IGF-1 and VEGF Within Cellular Components of the Ventricular System Improves Survival Outcome in Familial ALS Mice (2010)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron cell death in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Extensive efforts have been made to develop trophic factor-based therapies to enhance motor neuron survival; however, achievement of adequate therapeutic delivery to all regions of the corticospinal tract has remained a significant challenge. Here, we show that adeno-associated virus serotype 4 (AAV4)-mediated expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-165 in the cellular components of the ventricular system including the ependymal cell layer, choroid plexus [the primary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-producing cells of the central nervous system (CNS)] and spinal cord central canal leads to trophic factor delivery throughout the CNS, delayed motor decline and a significant extension of survival in SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. Interestingly, when IGF-1- and VEGF-165-expressing AAV4 vectors were given in combination, no additional benefit in efficacy was observed suggesting that these trophic factors are acting on similar signaling pathways to modestly slow disease progression. Consistent with these findings, experiments conducted in a recently described in vitro cell culture model of ALS led to a similar result, with both IGF-1 and VEGF-165 providing significant motor neuron protection but in a nonadditive fashion. These findings support the continued investigation of trophic factor-based therapies that target the CNS as a potential treatment of ALS.
Development of an Interactive Dashboard to Analyze Cognitive Workload of Surgical Teams During Complex Procedural Care (2018)

In the surgical setting, team members constantly deal with a high-demand operative environment that requires simultaneously processing a large amount of information. In certain situations, high demands imposed by surgical tasks and other sources may exceed team member's cognitive capacity, leading to cognitive overload which may place patient safety at risk. In the present study, we describe a novel approach to integrate an objective measure of team member's cognitive load with procedural, behavioral and contextual data from real-life cardiac surgeries. We used heart rate variability analysis, capturing data simultaneously from multiple team members (surgeon, anesthesiologist and perfusionist) in a real-time and unobtrusive manner. Using audio-video recordings, behavioral coding and a hierarchical surgical process model, we integrated multiple data sources to create an interactive surgical dashboard, enabling the analysis of the cognitive load imposed by specific steps, substeps and/or tasks. The described approach enables us to detect cognitive load fluctuations over time, under specific conditions (e.g. emergencies, teaching) and in situations that are prone to errors. This in-depth understanding of the relationship between cognitive load, task demands and error occurrence is essential for the development of cognitive support systems to recognize and mitigate errors during complex surgical care in the operating room.
In Situ Ramp Anneal X-ray Diffraction Study of Atomic Layer Deposited Ultrathin TaN and Ta1-xAlxNyFilms for Cu Diffusion Barrier Applications (2016)

Ultrathin TaN and Ta1-xAlxNy films with x = 0.21 to 0.88 were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and evaluated for Cu diffusion barrier effectiveness compared to physical vapor deposition (PVD) grown TaN. Cu diffusion barrier effectiveness was investigated using in-situ ramp anneal synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) on Cu/1.8 nm barrier/Si stacks. A Kissinger-like analysis was used to assess the kinetics of Cu3Si formation and determine the effective activation energy (Ea) for Cu silicidation. Compared to the stack with a PVD TaN barrier, the stacks with the ALD films exhibited a higher crystallization temperature (Tc) for Cu silicidation. The Ea values of Cu3Si formation for stacks with the ALD films were close to the reported value for grain boundary diffusion of Cu whereas the Ea of Cu3Si formation for the stack with PVD TaN is closer to the reported value for lattice diffusion. For 3 nm films, grazing incidence in-plane XRD showed evidence of nanocrystallites in an amorphous matrix with broad peaks corresponding to high density cubic phase for the ALD grown films and lower density hexagonal phase for the PVD grown film further elucidating the difference in initial failure mechanisms due to differences in barrier crystallinity and associated phase.
A nanophotonic interconnect for high-performance many-core computation (2008)

We describe the results of a design study of DWDM on-chip and off-chip nanophotonic interconnects and device technologies that could improve computing performance by a factor of 20 above industry projections over the next decade.
Dendrimer Space Concept: A Futuristic Vision in Nanomedicine to Develop New Drugs (2018)

Dendrimer nanostructures represent outstanding nanocarriers in nanomedicine, and they have often been referred to as the &quot;Polymers of the 21st century.&quot; This chapter proposes the dendrimer space concept, per analogy with the chemistry and biology space concepts, which are extensively used in pharmaceutical industry to develop new drugs. Dendrimers in the theranostic approach for nanomedicine, the design of nontoxic, biocompatible, and efficient organic dendritic nanodots for diagnosis open new avenues in medicine. The dendrimer diameter increases linearly, while the number of surface groups increases exponentially for each generation. Dendrimers can be employed as nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs. For this aim, two different approaches have been used: physical encapsulation of drugs in the void spaces of the dendrimers or electrostatic binding between the drugs and the ionic peripheral groups on the surface of dendrimers; covalent linking of the drug to the dendrimer surface.
The Analysis of The Factors Influencing The Development of Foreign Economic Activity in The National Companies and The Management of Export-Oriented Production (2018)

This paper investigates major points of the experience of The analysis of the factors influencing the development of foreign economic activity in the national companies and the management of export-oriented production. On this way, management of export-oriented production and reliable terms were analyzed both theoretically and practically. Moreover, investigations of the well developed countries were learned, factors influencing the development of foreign economic activity in the national companies in comparison with local establishment and implementations. Final conclusions were done in order to reach better deployment in these areas.
Superconducting Quantum Interference Filters as RF Amplifiers (2007)

The superconducting quantum interference filter (SQIF) is a new type of superconducting device which has been recently proposed for highly sensitive magnetometers for absolute magnetic field measurements. It benefits of very high voltage-to-field response, which is, in contrast conventional dc SQUIDs, not periodical. The SQIF can also be used as a radiofrequency amplifier in a similar way as the dc SQUID that can operate in a gigahertz frequency range. We designed a series type of SQIF amplifier that is compatible to conventional YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> (YBCO) technology on bicrystal substrates. We present analytical, numerical and scale modeling as well as first electrical measurements results at frequencies up to 10 GHz. The SQIF array consists of 50 loops with randomly distributed areas from 0.5 to 1.5 times of . We also compared it to the regular array of conventional SQUIDs with the same loop areas. We have additional dc contacts to each 5-th SQUIDs and the SQIFs for control and comparison. Devices are fabricated using Josephson junctions with 3 mum width formed in YBCO over 24/24 and 12/12 degrees grain boundaries in yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) bicrystal substrates.
Errors in dosing medications (2015)

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ChemInform Abstract: Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Functionalized Primary and Secondary Amines with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides: Two Ligands Suffice in Most Cases. (2011)

A broad range of primary and secondary amines is arylated with functionalized aryl- and heteroaryl halides.
Highly Tunable Electrothermally Actuated Arch Resonator (2016)

This paper demonstrates experimentally, theoretically, and numerically a wide-range tunability of electrothermally actuated MEMS arch beams. The beams are made of silicon and are intentionally fabricated with some curvature as in-plane shallow arches. Analytical results based on the Galerkin discretization of the Euler Bernoulli beam theory are generated and compared to the experimental data and results of a multi-physics finite-element model. A good agreement is found among all the results. The electrothermal voltage is applied between the anchors of the clamped-clamped MEMS arch beam, generating a current that passes through the MEMS arch beam and controls its axial stress caused by thermal expansion. When the electrothermal voltage increases, the compressive stress increases inside the arch beam. This leads to increase in its curvature, thereby increases the resonance frequencies of the structure. We show here that the first resonance frequency can increase up to twice its initial value. We show also that after some electro-thermal voltage load, the third resonance frequency starts to become more sensitive to the axial thermal stress, while the first resonance frequency becomes less sensitive. These results can be used as guidelines to utilize arches as wide-range tunable resonators.
Parallel Computing Environments and Methods for Power Distribution System Simulation (2004)

The development of cost-effective highperformance parallel computing on multi-processor supercomputers makes it attractive to port excessively time consuming simulation software from personal computers (PC) to super computes. The power distribution system simulator (PDSS) takes a bottom-up approach and simulates load at the appliance level, where detailed thermal models for appliances are used. This approach works well for a small power distribution system consisting of a few thousand appliances. When the number of appliances increases, the simulation uses up the PC memory and its runtime increases to a point where the approach is no longer feasible to model a practical large power distribution system. This paper presents an effort made to port a PC-based power distribution system simulator to a 128-processor shared-memory supercomputer. The paper offers an overview of the parallel computing environment and a description of the modification made to the PDSS model. The performance of the PDSS running on a standalone PC and on the supercomputer is compared. Future research direction of utilizing parallel computing in the power distribution system simulation is also addressed.
Enhanced performance of solution-processed amorphous gallium-doped indium oxide thin-film transistors after hydrogen peroxide vapor treatment (2014)

We fabricated solution-processed gallium-doped indium oxide (GIO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) and performed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor treatment at 350 °C. We demonstrated that H2O and H2O2 vapor treatment enhanced the performance of the GIO TFTs. The GIO TFT only annealed in ambient air at 350 °C performed very poorly, whereas those annealed in air with H2O2 and H2O vapor at 350 °C exhibited significantly improved electrical performance. In particular, the H2O2-vapor-treated GIO TFTs had a mobility of 3.22 cm2 V−1 s−1. We believe that this method can help decrease the annealing temperature in order to obtain high-performance GIO TFTs.
RF coil loading measurements between 1 and 50 MHz to guide field‐cycled MRI system design (2008)

Abstract Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a single superconducting magnet both to polarize the nuclear magnetic moments in a sample and to provide the magnetic field environment under which an image is acquired. In field‐cycled MRI (FCMRI), these two tasks are independently accomplished by two actively controlled resistive magnets. As a result, the expressions for signal‐to‐noise ratio for an FCMRI system, as with other systems making use of prepolarization techniques (such as hyperpolarized noble gas MRI), are fundamentally different than those of a conventional system. Once losses in the receiver coil are dominated by contributions from the sample, there is little benefit to increasing the receive frequency. The added freedom to independently vary the two field strengths can lead to substantial relative improvements in SNR over a range of Larmor frequencies, while precluding the difficulties associated with the operation of high‐field systems. Radiofrequency coil loading measurements were recorded over a frequency range of 1–50 MHz. The optimal frequency range for an FCMRI scanner intended for small animal imaging was determined to be between 5 and 48 MHz, depending on the given receiver coil and sample conductivity. The implication of these results on the design of systems employing prepolarization techniques is provided, with an emphasis being placed on the design and operation of FCMRI systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 177–191, 2008
Estimation of anisotropy coefficient and total attenuation of swine liver at 850 nm based on a goniometric technique: Influence of sample thickness (2014)

Estimation of optical properties of biologic tissue is crucial for theoretical modeling of laser treatments in medicine. Tissue highly absorbs and scatters the light between 650 nm and 1300 nm, where the laser provides therapeutic effects. Among other properties, the characteristic of biological tissues to scatter the light traveling trough, is described by the anisotropy coefficient (g). The relationship between g and the distribution of the scattered light at different angles is described by Henyey-Greenstein phase function. The measurement of angular distribution of scattered light is performed by the goniometric technique. This paper describes the estimation of g and attenuation coefficient, μt, of swine liver at 850 nm, performed by an ad hoc designed goniometric-based system, where a spectrometer measures intensities of scattered light at fixed angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60, 120°, 135° and 150°). Both one-term and two-term Henyey-Greenstein phase function have been employed to estimate anisotropy coefficient for forward (gfs) and backward scattering (gbs). Measurements are performed on samples of two thicknesses (60 um and 30 urn) to investigate the influence of this factor on g, and repeated 6 times for each thickness. The estimated values of gfs were 0.947 and 0.951 for thickness of 60 μm and 30 μm, respectively; the estimations of gfs were -0.498 and -0.270 for thickness of 60 μm and 30 μm, respectively. Moreover, μt of liver has been estimated (i.e., 90±20 cm(1)), through Lambert-Beer equation. The comparison of our results with data reported in literature encourages the use of the ad hoc designed tool for performing experiments on other tissue, and at other wavelengths.
Space radiation environmental testing on POSS coated solar cell coverglass (2008)

Light weight, flexible, radiation hardened solar cells coatings are of interest for applications on satellite power generation owing to the potential advantages in terms of having higher specific power (lightweight), lower specific volume (flexible), and higher end-of-life power (superior radiation resistance), as compared to current state-of-the-art Ce-doped micro sheet solar cell coverglass. The space radiation environment causes gradual optical performance degradation of coverglass and coatings, thus limiting the lifetime of the solar array. The objective of this project is to assess the POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) coating in simulated space proton radiation environments. Due to the unique molecular structure, POSS may be equipped with suitable optical property along with superior radiation hardness, thus better protecting the solar cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Epoxidation and Bishydroxylation of Cyclic tert‐ Butyl Allyl Peroxides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Fractures of the thoracic spine (T1-T10). Apropos of 105 cases]. (1989)

Thoracic spine (T1-T10) fractures can be considered a specific entity owing to the anatomic features of the rib cage and the spinal canal. During a nine year period, the authors treated 105 such fractures. The thoracic spine fractures included 57 (54.2 per cent) compression fractures, 21 (20 per cent) comminuted (burst) fractures, 3 (2.8 per cent) flexion-distraction fractures, and 24 (23 per cent) fracture-dislocations. Five lesions, termed "fracture-dislocations by an oblique shearing force", were characterized by considerable displacement and the absence of neurologic injury. 35.2 per cent of the patients had injuries at multiple levels. The frequency of associated thoracic (26.5 per cent) and scapular injuries (20 per cent) reflected involvement of the entire thoracic cage. The frequency of neurologic impairment (30.4 per cent including 20 per cent complete paraplegia) reflects the particular vulnerability of the dorsal spinal cord. 32 per cent of the patients presented one or more thoracic effusions (hemomediastinum, hemothorax) related to parietal hematoma and/or hematoma at the fracture site. Functional management of 47 patients led to recovery of a painless spine without kyphotic deformity. Conservative treatment was often difficult because of associated parietal lesions; the 10 patients treated in this manner had only moderate reductions that maintained poorly in time, but had no major painful sequellae. A posterior approach was used for 42 patients with unstable or neurotoxic fractures because this permitted a complete decompression down to the posterior wall, when necessary by a "wide laminectomy". The anterior approach was reserved for purely anterior compression (3 cases) or residual compression after an initial posterior procedure (2 cases). Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (used in 7 cases) was particularly indicated because it offers the advantages of Harrington rods (31 cases) while providing better stabilization. This prevented later loss of reduction and obviated the need for a postoperative brace.
Hybrid approach to optical CD metrology of directed self-assembly lithography (2013)

Directed Self Assembly (DSA) for contact layers is a challenging process in need of reliable metrology for tight process control. Key parameters of interest are guide CD, polymer CD, and residual polymer thickness at the bottom of the guide cavity. We show that Optical CD (OCD) provides the needed performance for DSA contact metrology. The measurement, done with a multi-channel spectroscopic reflectometry (SR) system, is enhanced through elements of a Holistic Metrology approach such as Injection and Hybrid Metrology.
Isomeric spiro-[acridine-9,9′-fluorene]-2,6-dipyridylpyrimidine based TADF emitters: insights into photophysical behaviors and OLED performances (2018)

TADF molecules with various dipyridylpyrimidine acceptors are synthesized and exhibited a max. EQE of 14.1% for a non-doped OLED device architecture.
Integrated Photonic Circuits and Platform Development for Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing and Sensing (2021)

Integrated photonic technologies for quantum applications are discussed with emphasis on those supporting trapped-ion-based systems. A long-term vision of a fully integrated trapped- ion chip and current work towards its realization are presented.
Adaptive glasses-assisted Full-Field OCT for SNR enhanced 3D high-resolution retinal imaging (Conference Presentation) (2020)

To achieve 3D high-cellular resolution, a great effort, in the past years, was made to develop Adaptive Optics (AO)-OCT systems. However, such systems require quite complex, expensive and cumbersome hardware, making clinical transfer challenging. Recently, we demonstrated that the use of spatially incoherent illumination in Time-Domain Full-Field (FF)-OCT offers a valuable advantage: the lateral resolution is almost insensitive to ocular aberrations that only affect the FF-OCT signal level. We took advantage of this property to image in-vivo photoreceptor mosaic without using an AO technique. Nevertheless, the FF-OCT technique was still facing some challenges in providing consistent and reproducible images, mainly due to axial eye motion and reduced signal level. Here, we present the Adaptive Glasses-assisted FF-OCT, where an adaptive lens is placed just in front of the eye, like spectacles, enabling correction of the first 10 Zernike polynomials, increasing the FF-OCT signal level.
Group X Secretory Phospholipase A2 Regulates the Expression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) in Mouse Adrenal Glands (2010)

We developed C57BL/6 mice with targeted deletion of group X secretory phospholipase A(2) (GX KO). These mice have approximately 80% higher plasma corticosterone concentrations compared with wild-type (WT) mice under both basal and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced stress conditions. This increased corticosterone level was not associated with increased circulating ACTH or a defect in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis as evidenced by a normal response to dexamethasone challenge. Primary cultures of adrenal cells from GX KO mice exhibited significantly increased corticosteroid secretion compared with WT cells. Conversely, overexpression of GX secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)), but not a catalytically inactive mutant form of GX sPLA(2), significantly reduced steroid production 30-40% in Y1 mouse adrenal cell line. This effect was reversed by the sPLA(2) inhibitor, indoxam. Silencing of endogenous M-type receptor expression did not restore steroid production in GX sPLA(2)-overexpressing Y1 cells, ruling out a role for this sPLA(2) receptor in this regulatory process. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), the rate-limiting protein in corticosteroid production, was approximately 2-fold higher in adrenal glands of GX KO mice compared with WT mice, whereas StAR expression was suppressed in Y1 cells overexpressing GX sPLA(2). Results from StAR-promoter luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that GX sPLA(2) antagonizes StAR promoter activity and liver X receptor-mediated StAR promoter activation. In summary, GX sPLA(2) is expressed in mouse adrenal glands and functions to negatively regulate corticosteroid synthesis, most likely by negatively regulating StAR expression.