gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic protein-1-mediated insulin-like growth factor gene expression in primary cultures of rat osteoblastic cells. (1996)

Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family and has been shown to induce new bone formation in vivo. In the present study, we determined whether the expression of the IGF system, a significant growth factor system in bone, was altered by OP-1 in primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial cells. Levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-I receptor, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6) were determined after OP-1 treatment. The level of total IGF-I mRNA was elevated in an OP-1 concentration (0-1000 ng/ml)-dependent manner, with maximal stimulation of IGF-I mRNA of 2- to 3-fold apparent 24 h after treatment. The increase in the IGF-I mRNA level involved a preferential stimulation of transcripts initiated at start site 2 in the exon 1 promoter. The level of IGF-II mRNA also increased by approximately 2-fold in OP-1 treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The level of IGF-I receptor mRNA was not altered by treatment. Whereas IGFBP-1 mRNA was not detected in these cells, IGFBP-2 mRNA was expressed, but the expression was not changed after treatment for 48 h in the concentration range (0-1000 ng/ml) tested. The IGFBP-3 mRNA level was increased slightly 48 h after OP-1 treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The IGFBP-4, -5, and -6 mRNA levels decreased dramatically in an OP-1 concentration-dependent manner. In addition, coincubation of antisense oligonucleotides corresponding to IGF-I or -II mRNA sequence with OP-1 reduced the OP-1 induced elevation in alkaline phosphatase activity. The present results suggest that the differentiation of rat osteoblastic cells in response to OP-1 is mediated in part by increased IGF-I -II gene expression and alterations in the gene expression of different IGFBPs.
Reduction of Diffracted Light for Astrometry Near the Sun* (1965)

New requirements are placed upon the method of reducing the light diffracted by the telescope objective when astrometric measurements are made near the sun. The technique of Lyot greatly reduces the diffracted light, but since the aperture stop in this technique is not rigidly fixed to the objective, sizeable variations in coma and distortion are introduced when the stop moves with respect to the optic axis of the objective.If, however, instead of the Lyot system, an apodized objective is used to reduce the diffracted light, the aperature stop becomes rigidly fixed to the objective thereby overcoming the above difficulty. It is shown that for an objective apodized with a square aperture the diffracted light is reduced by four orders of magnitude below that for a circular aperture for one-half the azimuthal field and for distances greater than 400 sec from the solar limb.A general expression for the diffracted intensity from a circular aperture for points exterior to a disk image is obtained, and its leading terms are examined.
Energy and workload management for data centers in renewable-integrated power grid (2015)

Recent advances such as high penetration of renewables, development of energy-efficient cooling facilities, and flexibility of distributed storage units, all call for a system-wide energy and workload management policy for future sustainable data centers. Leveraging stochastic optimization tools, a unified management approach is proposed allowing data centers to adaptively respond to renewable availability, cooling efficiency variation, workload shift, and energy price fluctuation under long-term quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. It is rigorously established that the proposed algorithm yields a feasible and near-optimal management strategy without knowing the distributions of random workload, renewable, and electricity price processes.
Nonlinear tactile estimation model using vibration information from tactile sensor mediated by mechanoreceptors’ perceptibility (2021)

Since tactile sensation is an important factor for products to get added value, tactile sensing attracts huge attentions as tactile quantitative evaluation method. While human tactile perception mechanism has nonlinearity, many of previous studies confined to construct linear regression models to estimate tactile sensation. Hence, this study proposes a nonlinear tactile estimation model of molded plastic plates. We extracted features from vibration information mediated by mechanoreceptors’ perceptibility, and the relationship between the tactile evaluation score and extracted features was formulated by constructing regression model including nonlinearity. The result implies what range of vibration information affects each tactile sensation.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Colloidal Nanocrystals (2007)

Colloidal synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) from zinc alkoxy alkyl precursors in the 1-methyl imidazole/H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O coordinating solvent is reported. The results of NC structural and optical characterization are presented.
Neural cell adhesion molecule in normal, denervated, and myopathic human muscle (1987)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that may mediate some intercellular adhesive interactions in the nervous system. In adult rat muscle, N-CAM is concentrated near neuromuscular junctions and on satellite cells, but is nearly undetectable in nonsynaptic portions of myofibers. However, N-CAM is abundant throughout myofibers in denervated and regenerating muscles. Using affinity-purified antibodies to N-CAM, we were able to demonstrate a similar distribution and regulation of N-CAM in human muscle. Myofiber N-CAM was not detectable immunohistochemically in any of 10 normal biopsies or in 4 biopsies that were abnormal but showed no evidence of fiber denervation or regeneration. N-CAM was present, however, at end plates, nerves, and satellite cells in normal human muscle. In contrast, myofiber N-CAM was detected in 16 of 16 patients with histological evidence of denervation and in 10 of 10 patients who had myopathy with degenerating/regenerating myofibers. In addition, 2 of 2 histologically nondiagnostic biopsies from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis contained N-CAM-positive myofibers. Immunoblot analysis also detected N-CAM in denervated and myopathic, but not normal, human muscle. These results suggest that N-CAM may play a role in muscle reinnervation or regeneration and that N-CAM immunohistochemistry may complement conventional techniques in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease.
Spectroscopic characterization of rhino viral protease 2a: Zn is essential for the structural integrity (1995)

Recently, protease 2A of human rhinovirus 2 (HRV2 2A) was shown to require a zinc ion for the formation of an active enzyme although zinc is not involved mechanistically. The data presented clearly show that the zinc ion bound to a picornaviral-specific motif represents an essential component of the native structure, probably representing a new Zn-binding motif. This structure, containing mostly beta-strand elements as shown by CD spectroscopy, changes drastically upon removal of zinc. The zinc-depleted form does represent an intermediate with mostly unchanged secondary structure, but not a fully denatured random coil as obtained by guanidinium hydrochloride. This is indicated by the blue-shifted fluorescence spectra and by CD. The native protein exhibited a cooperative phase transition at 53 degrees C. In contrast, the zinc-depleted form did not show any transition at all, again demonstrating the stabilizing role of the zinc ion. A structural intermediate was observed during thermal and pH denaturation that may represent a molten globule, as suggested by its ANS binding.
mTORC1 activation in lung mesenchyme drives sex- and age-dependent pulmonary structure and function decline (2020)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare fatal cystic lung disease due to bi-allelic inactivating mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1/TSC2) genes coding for suppressors of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The origin of LAM cells is still unknown. Here, we profile a LAM lung compared to an age- and sex-matched healthy control lung as a hypothesis-generating approach to identify cell subtypes that are specific to LAM. Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis reveals novel mesenchymal and transitional alveolar epithelial states unique to LAM lung. This analysis identifies a mesenchymal cell hub coordinating the LAM disease phenotype. Mesenchymal-restricted deletion of Tsc2 in the mouse lung produces a mTORC1-driven pulmonary phenotype, with a progressive disruption of alveolar structure, a decline in pulmonary function, increase of rapamycin-sensitive expression of WNT ligands, and profound female-specific changes in mesenchymal and epithelial lung cell gene expression. Genetic inactivation of WNT signaling reverses age-dependent changes of mTORC1-driven lung phenotype, but WNT activation alone in lung mesenchyme is not sufficient for the development of mouse LAM-like phenotype. The alterations in gene expression are driven by distinctive crosstalk between mesenchymal and epithelial subsets of cells observed in mesenchymal Tsc2-deficient lungs. This study identifies sex- and age-specific gene changes in the mTORC1-activated lung mesenchyme and establishes the importance of the WNT signaling pathway in the mTORC1-driven lung phenotype.
Possible Mechanism of Piroxicam-Induced Photosensitivity (1986)

The therapeutic use of piroxicam as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent is associated with the development of photosensitivity in less than 1% of patients. The eruption usually occurs within a few days of commencing treatment with the medication. This time course suggests a phototoxic reaction. Attempts to demonstrate the phototoxic effects of piroxicam in humans, laboratory animals, and in in vitro cell assays were unsuccessful. At high concentration, however, one metabolite of piroxicam was phototoxic in animal studies and in in vitro assays. A second metabolite was mildly phototoxic in laboratory animals. These results suggest a mechanism whereby piroxicam photosensitivity may be due to a metabolite preferentially formed or accumulated in affected patients.
Plasma properties during the formation of &#x201C;nanograting&#x201D; structures inside fused silica (2008)

The influence of accumulation effects on the creation of ldquonanogratingrdquo structures has been investigated. Furthermore, the plasma electron density has been measured with a spectral interferometry pump-probe technique.
Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) performance over the land mobile satellite channel (2004)

We characterize the operation of the SCTP transport protocol over the land mobile satellite channel (LMSC), which is subject to intermittent blockages, and contrast its performance with that of TCP. In particular, we study the ability of SCTP's multihoming capability to adjust to channel blockages. For small files, SCTP's larger connection setup overheads cause single-homed connections to complete transfers slightly slower than TCP. However, depending on the ability of alternate paths, multihoming can improve transfer times so much that SCTP is competitive with an optimized TCP gateway. For large files, quirks in the congestion control of multihomed associations cause performance to deteriorate considerably; though single-homed SCTP is faster than end-to-end TCP, none of the other options can compete with a highly optimized satellite TCP gateway operating without congestion control over the satellite channel. SCTP multihoming semantics do not lend themselves to protocol-spoofing gateways, but some changes to default parameters can help. In the LMSC environment, applications would generally do best to use multihomed SCTP (if available) for small file transfers and gateway-enhanced TCP for larger transactions.
Impact of metal etch residues on etch species density and uniformity (2010)

Uniformity and wafer-to-wafer reproducibility of plasma etch processes are often related to the conditioning of the plasma etch chamber walls. For advanced complementary metal-oxide semiconductor fabrication, numerous metals are used which might deposit on the chamber walls during etch processes and as these metals are not always straightforward to remove, process instabilities can occur. This happens because recombination of atomic species on the chamber walls determines to a certain degree the plasma composition. Therefore, in this article, the impact of metal etch residues, especially titanium and tantalum residues, on plasma composition and uniformity is studied. The chamber walls are analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of so-called floating samples and the densities of Cl, Br, O and F in Cl2, HBr, O2, and SF6 plasmas are monitored by optical emission spectroscopy. Plasma uniformity is checked by measuring etch rates across 300 mm silicon wafers. It is found that chlorine and bromine have similar recombination probabilities on the metals than on anodized aluminum. Fluorine and oxygen recombination, however, is strongly influenced by the presence of metal residues. Accordingly, for fluorine and oxygen based plasmas, metal residues showed to have an impact on the plasma uniformity.
Computed Tomography of Electronics (1989)

Abstract : The application of Computed Tomography (CT) and laminography has been tested on a variety of electronic components. The effort was performed as a preliminary testing task assignment in the Advanced Development of X-ray Computed Tomography Application program. A key area for testing was printed circuit boards for the inspection of solder bonds and in particular for leadless chip carrier devices. During the course of the task assignment several other categories of electronic devices were examined including transformers, connectors, switches from solution and contrast sensitivity phantoms developed for the programs were used to establish quantitative measures of capability used to generate images. This preliminary testing of electronics lead to the conclusion that higher resolution CT scanning is needed to resolve details of interest. CT testing on commercially available system could resolve high contrast details in the range of 2 to 4 lp/mm; however, in many electronic components finer resolution is needed to detect microcracking, voiding and other features. Further testing on high-resolution system is recommended. Two areas of immediate potential economic payback for electronics inspection have been identified; the inspection of high volume printed circuit board production using high speed laminography and nondestructive failure analysis studies components using high-resolution CT.
Production and efficacy of a low-cost recombinant pneumococcal protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (2018)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia. Although this is a vaccine preventable disease, S. pneumoniae still causes over 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children under the age of five. The biggest disease burden is in the developing world, which is mainly due to unavailability of vaccines due to their high costs. Protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are given routinely in the developed world to children to induce a protective antibody response against S. pneumoniae. One of these vaccines is Prevnar13, which targets 13 of the 95 known capsular types. Current vaccine production requires growth of large amounts of the 13 serotypes, and isolation of the capsular polysaccharide that is then chemically coupled to a protein, such as the diphtheria toxoid CRM<sub>197,</sub> in a multistep expensive procedure. In this study, we design, purify and produce novel recombinant pneumococcal protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in Escherichia coli, which act as mini factories for the low-cost production of conjugate vaccines. Recombinant vaccine efficacy was tested in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia; ability to protect against invasive disease was compared to that of Prevnar13. This study provides the first proof of principle that protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccines produced in E. coli can be used to prevent pneumococcal infection. Vaccines produced in this manner may provide a low-cost alternative to the current vaccine production methodology.
Non-animal replacement methods for veterinary vaccine potency testing: state of the science and future directions (2011)

NICEATM and ICCVAM convened an international workshop to review the state of the science of human and veterinary vaccine potency and safety testing methods and to identify opportunities to advance new and improved methods that can further reduce, refine, and replace animal use. Six topics were addressed in detail by speakers and workshop participants and are reported in a series of six reports. This workshop report, the second in the series, provides recommendations for current and future use of non-animal methods and strategies for veterinary vaccine potency testing. Workshop participants recommended that future efforts to replace animal use give priority to vaccines (1) that use large numbers of animals per test and for which many serials are produced annually, (2) that involve significant animal pain and distress during procedures, (3) for which the functional protective antigen has been identified, (4) that involve foreign animal/zoonotic organisms that are dangerous to humans, and (5) that involve pathogens that can be easily spread to wildlife populations. Vaccines identified as the highest priorities were those for rabies, <i>Leptospira spp</i>., <i>Clostridium spp</i>., Erysipelas, foreign animal diseases (FAD), poultry diseases, and fish diseases. Further research on the identification, purification, and characterization of vaccine protective antigens in veterinary vaccines was also identified as a priority. Workshop participants recommended priority research, development, and validation activities to address critical knowledge and data gaps, including opportunities to apply new science and technology. Recommendations included (1) investigations into the relative impact of various adjuvants on antigen quantification assays, (2) investigations into extraction methods that could be used for vaccines containing adjuvants that can interfere with antigen assays, and (3) review of the current status of rabies and tetanus human vaccine <i>in vitro</i> potency methods for their potential application to the corresponding veterinary vaccines. Workshop participants recommended enhanced international harmonization and cooperation and closer collaborations between human and veterinary researchers to expedite progress. Implementation of the workshop recommendations is expected to advance alternative <i>in vitro</i> methods for veterinary vaccine potency testing that will benefit animal welfare and replace animal use while ensuring continued protection of human and animal health.
Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity (2010)

A passive optical resonator is used to enhance the power of a pulsed 78 MHz repetition rate Yb laser providing 200 fs pulses. We find limitations relating to the achievable time-averaged and peak power, which we distinguish by varying the duration of the input pulses. An intracavity average power of 18 kW is generated with close to Fourier-limited pulses of 10 W average power. Beyond this power level, intensity-related effects lead to resonator instabilities, which can be removed by chirping the seed laser pulses. By extending the pulse duration in this way to 2 ps, we could obtain 72 kW of intracavity circulating power with 50 W of input power.
Chalcones isolated fromAngelica keiskeiinhibit cysteine proteases of SARS-CoV (2015)

Two viral proteases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)) and a papain-like protease (PL(pro)) are attractive targets for the development of anti-SARS drugs. In this study, nine alkylated chalcones (1-9) and four coumarins (10-13) were isolated from Angelica keiskei, and the inhibitory activities of these constituents against SARS-CoV proteases (3CL(pro) and PL(pro)) were determined (cell-free/based). Of the isolated alkylated chalcones, chalcone 6, containing the perhydroxyl group, exhibited the most potent 3CL(pro) and PL(pro) inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 11.4 and 1.2 µM. Our detailed protein-inhibitor mechanistic analysis of these species indicated that the chalcones exhibited competitive inhibition characteristics to the SARS-CoV 3CL(pro), whereas noncompetitive inhibition was observed with the SARS-CoV PL(pro).
Phasenkohärenz und Energierelaxation von Tunnelsystemen in Gläsern. Messung und Analyse von Polarisationsechos an BK7 (2013)

Die Tieftemperatureigenschaften von Gläsern werden durch atomare Tunnelsysteme (TS) bestimmt. Deren Einfluss auf viele physikalische Größen kann durch das Standardtunnelmodell gut beschrieben werden. Betrachtet man jedoch dynamische Eigenschaften der Gläser, werden Wechselwirkungen zwischen TS und Phononen (Relaxation) und zwischen TS und benachbarten TS (spektrale Diffusion) relevant. Die Untersuchung des Zerfalls der Amplitude von Polarisationsechos mit steigender Verzögerungszeit gibt Aufschluss über Relaxations- und Dekohärenzprozesse in Gläsern. In dieser Arbeit wurden erstmals Zwei-, Dreipuls- und Rotationsechos im Borsilikatglas BK7 bis zu sehr langen Pulsabständen &gt;10 ms gemessen. Die Daten werden mit numerischen Berechnungen verglichen, in die die spektrale Diffusion und die Relaxation eingehen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine Untergruppe der angeregten TS wegen einer schwachen Kopplung an Phononen kaum an Wechselwirkungsprozessen teilnimmt, so dass die Echoamplitude langsamer zerfällt als erwartet. Alle Datensätze können konsistent beschrieben werden, wenn eine Verteilung des Deformationspotentials Gamma angenommen wird, die auch sehr kleine Werte für Gamma erlaubt.
Algorithm Investigation for Numerical Control End Milling of Centrifugal Impeller Channels (2011)

For the finish milling of the free-form centrifugal impeller channels,based on the comparison between the ball-end milling cutter and the flat-end milling cutter,an optimizing algorithm of the channel finish milling by flat-end milling cutter is proposed to improve the surface finish milling quality and efficiency.An algorithm of the cutter axis vector based on the normal vectors of the impeller channel is deduced by combining the inclination angle and the tilt angle.Compared to the ball-end mill,a model of the flat end milling effective contour is built,the ellipse formula of the contour and the calculation equation of the tool path interval obtained by the flat end milling are deduced.By combining the advantages of the isoparametric method and the constant scallop-height method,a similar triangle calculation of the tool path generation is presented,and,the detailed machining processes of the channel finish milling by the flat-end milling cutter is introduced.The high efficiency of the optimizing algorithm is validated by the cutting simulation and the analysis of the process parameters.The numerical control program and the machining of a real centrifugal compressor impeller are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed optimizing algorithm.