gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Acetylcholinesterase in Caco-2 Cells (2002)

Acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) was solubilized from cultured Caco-2 cells. It was established that this enzyme activity is acetylcholinesterase by substrate specificity (acetylthiocholine, acetyl-beta-methylthiocholine>propionylthiocholine>butyrylthiocholine), substrate inhibition, and specificity of inhibitors (BW284c51>iso-OMPA). The acetylcholinesterase activity increased proportional to the degree of differentiation of the cells. Most of the enzyme was membrane bound, requiring detergent for solubilization, and the active site faced the external fluid. Only one peak of activity, which corresponded to a monomeric form, could be detected on linear sucrose density gradients. The sedimentation of this form of the enzyme was shifted depending on whether Triton X-100 or Brij 96 detergent was used. These results indicate that the epithelial-derived Caco-2 cells produce predominantly an amphiphilic, monomeric form of acetylcholinesterase that is bound to the plasma membrane and whose catalytic center faces the extracellular fluid.
Hybrid electric vehicles principles and applications with practical perspectives (2011)

Introduction to all types of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), with coverage of fundamentals, applications, and the latest industry technologies Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, from hybrid-electric, hybrid-hydraulic, and plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles to fuel-cell vehicles and off-road hybrid vehicular systems. The book focuses on the propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. Other topics covered include hybrid vs. pure electric, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) system architecture (including plug-in, charging control, and hydraulic), safety and EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues.
Improved Sensitivity, Low-cost Uncooled Infrared (IR) Detector Focal-plane Arrays-Year 3, Quarter 1 (2012)

Abstract : In this report, our attention is focused on the fabrication, laser processing, and electrical testing of integrated prototype infrared (IR)-device heterostructures. The program goals correspond to the continued expansion of our barium titanate (BaTiO3) and barium strontium titanate (Ba1 xSrxTiO3) nanomaterial synthesis capabilities and deposition methods; laser-induced pyroelectric phase conversion studies and nanoscale characterization of the pyroelectric activation process; and fabrication and electrical testing of standardized IR heterostructures.
Exploring the electron density in plasma induced by EUV radiation: I. Experimental study in hydrogen (2016)

Plasmas induced by EUV radiation are unique since they are created without the need of any discharge. Moreover, it is essential to characterize these plasmas to understand and predict their long term impact on highly delicate optics in EUV lithography tools. In this paper we study plasmas induced by 13.5 nm EUV radiation in hydrogen gas. The electron density is measured temporally resolved using a non-invasive technique known as microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy. The influence of the EUV pulse energy and gas pressure on the temporal evolution of the electron density has been explored over a parameter range relevant for industry. Our experimental results show that the maximum electron density is in the order of 1014 m-3 and depends linearly on the EUV pulse energy. Furthermore, the maximum electron density depends quadratically on the pressure; the linear term is caused by photoionization and the quadratic term by subsequent electron impact ionization. The decay of the plasma is governed by ambipolar diffusion and, hence, becomes slower at elevated pressures. Similarities and differences of the same processes in argon are highlighted in this paper.
Some Human Inhibitor Antibodies Interfere With Factor VIII Binding to Factor IX (1998)

Factor VIII (fVIII) functions as a cofactor of factor IXa in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Its absence or abnormality causes the bleeding disorder hemophilia A. About 23% of hemophiliacs who receive therapeutic fVIII infusions develop antibodies that inhibit its activity. We previously showed by inhibitor neutralization assays that the fVIII A2 and C2 domain polypeptides contain common inhibitor epitopes. Often hemophilic inhibitor plasmas were partially neutralized by C2 and more completely neutralized by fVIII light chain (A3-C1-C2), suggesting the presence of an additional major inhibitor epitope(s) within the A3-C1 domains. In immunoprecipitation assays, 17 of 18 inhibitor IgGs bound to recombinant 35S-A3-C1. Amino acids 1811-1818 of the A3 domain comprise a binding site for factors IX and IXa. Three inhibitor IgGs prevented binding of factor IXa to fVIII light chain, and the binding of each IgG to light chain was competed by A3 peptide 1804-1819. The generation of factor Xa by the fVIIIa/fIXa complex in a chromogenic assay was prevented by these inhibitors. Therefore, we propose that another important mechanism of fVIII inactivation by human inhibitors is the prevention of fVIIIa/fIXa association.
The S-Thioester Enolate/Imine Condensation: A Shortcut to β-Lactams (2000)

The condensation between imines and S-thioester metal enolates provides a mild, efficient, and straightforward route to the preparation of β-lactams. The synthetic applications and the stereochemical aspects of this reaction are discussed.
Effect of Solid Particles on Fluidity of Semi‐Solid Aluminum Alloy Slurry (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental procedure Results and Discussions Conclusion
Low-Tortuosity Thick Electrodes with Active Materials Gradient Design for Enhanced Energy Storage (2022)

The ever-growing energy demand of modern society calls for the development of high-loading and high-energy-density batteries, and substantial research efforts are required to optimize electrode microstructures for improved energy storage. Low-tortuosity architecture proves effective in promoting charge transport kinetics in thick electrodes; however, heterogeneous electrochemical mass transport along the depth direction is inevitable, especially at high C-rates. In this work, we create an active material gradient in low-tortuosity electrodes along ion-transport direction to compensate for uneven reaction kinetics and the nonuniform lithiation/delithiation process in thick electrodes. The gradual decrease of active material concentration from the separator to the current collector reduces the integrated ion diffusion distance and accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics, leading to improved rate capabilities. The structure advantages combining low-tortuosity pores and active material gradient offer high mass loading (60 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>) and enhanced performance. Comprehensive understanding of the effect of active material gradient architecture on electrode kinetics has been elucidated by electrochemical characterization and simulations, which can be useful for development of batteries with high-energy/power densities.
Adaptive Birth for the GLMB Filter for Object Tracking in Satellite Videos (2022)

The Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter attains remarkable results in Multi-Object Tracking (MOT). Nevertheless, the GLMB filter relies on strong assumptions such as prior knowledge of targets' initial state. Pragmatic scenarios such as satellite video object tracking challenge these assumptions as objects appear at random locations and object detectors output numerous false positives. We present an enhanced version of the GLMB filter that learns from previous trajectories to estimate accurate hypotheses initializations. We keep track of previous target states and use this information to sample the initial velocities of new-born targets. This addition significantly improves the performance of the GLMB in videos with low Frames Per Second (FPS), where the target's initial states are paramount for object tracking. We test this enhanced GLMB filter versus comparable trackers and previous solutions for the GLMB filter and show that our filter obtains better performance. Code is available at https://github.com/Ayana-Inria/GLMB-adaptive-birth-satellite-videos
Abstract B64: The role of deubiquitinating enzyme USP17, hyaluronan synthase 2, and hyaluronan in non-small-cell lung cancer oncogenic transformation (2018)

Abstract Introduction: Lung cancer is the result of a multistep accumulation of genetic and/or epigenetic alterations; therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism by which these alterations affect lung cancer pathogenesis would provide new diagnostic procedures and prognostic factors for early detection of recurrence. The remarkable qualitative and quantitative modifications of extracellular matrix components as the deubiquitinating enzyme (USP17), hyaluronan (HA), and hyaluronan synthases 2 (HAS 2) may favor invasion, cellular motility, and proliferation in several cancers including lung. Results: The silencing of USP17 led to decreased hyaluronan production, whereas the suppression of USP4 increased hyaluronan synthesis. Importantly, high levels of USP17 and HAS2 were detected in a panel of cancer cell lines compared to normal cells, and immunohistochemical stainings revealed higher expression of USP17 and HAS2 in tissues of lung cancer patients compared to normal tissue. Numerous epithelial cells expressed USP17 and HAS2 in dysplasia compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) (p=0.001). USP17 and HAS2 were prominently expressed in adenocarcinoma (ADC) (p≤0.005). HA immunostaining indexes were increased in ADC and SqCC compared to normal and dysplasia cells (p=0.05). Consistent with the immunohistochemical analyses, low amounts of hyaluronan and USP17 were observed in SqCC by confocal analysis, coincident with less colocalization as determined by confocal microscopy. In contrast, a high expression of hyaluronan (48% of positive index) and high USP17 expression (78% of positive index) in ADC was consistent with a higher degree of colocalization. Conclusions: HAS2, hyaluronan and USP17 were expressed at higher levels in particular in preneoplastic lesions and ADC, suggesting a role in NSCLC oncogenic transformation, possibly by promoting cellular division by USP17-mediated. Elucidation of the mechanism of how USP17 and HAS2 cooperate in the regulation of the cell cycle might be of therapeutic importance. Citation Format: Merima Mehic, Sr., Vanessa Karen de Sá, Sr., Sandra Hebestreit, Sr., Paraskevi Heldin, Sr., Carl Henrik Heldin, Sr.. The role of deubiquitinating enzyme USP17, hyaluronan synthase 2, and hyaluronan in non-small-cell lung cancer oncogenic transformation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference held in cooperation with the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) on Translational Cancer Medicine; May 4-6, 2017; São Paulo, Brazil. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B64.
Role of αvβ6 integrin in acute biliary fibrosis (2007)

Cholangiocytes respond to acute bile duct obstruction with markedly increased expression of alphavbeta6 integrin, which is closely linked to periductal fibrogenesis. The findings provide a rationale for the use of inhibitors of alphavbeta6 integrin or TGFbeta for down-regulating fibrosis in the setting of acute or ongoing biliary injury.
Heat Pipe Thermal Performance in Heat Pipe Heatsink (2022)

Heat pipe heatsinks have been widely used in high-power electronics thermal management. Heat pipes in the heatsinks could significantly enhance cooling performance because of coolant phase-changing inside heat pipes. Coolant evaporation, transportation, and condensation perform simultaneously in the heat pipe. Forced convection from air and gravity also play essential roles during the cooling process. Different sections of heat pipe could perform various thermally, as a combination of evaporation, coolant transportation, and condensation. The thermal performance of each section remains unclear due to the complexity. In this paper, vertical heat pipes have been categorized into three sections for thermal performance comparison. Multiple thermocouples have been instrumented on the heat pipes for all three sections. The thermal performance has been experimentally investigated under various flow rates for all sections and various power for the heatsink. Testing results indicate different thermal performances on various sections of the heat pipe. The top section of heat pipes far away from the heat source plays a more critical role than the bottom section closer to the heat source. The heat pipe clipped end could increase the heat pipe temperature upstream. These findings could contribute to the further cooling enhancement of heat pipe heatsink.
TV band device for TV white space field trial (2014)

This paper presents a TV white space (TVWS) field demonstration system complying with the maximum transmit power and emission regulatory requirements of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Recently, the service coverage measurement of a TV band device (TVBD) network has been conducted in Jeju Island, South Korea. The measurement results show that the service coverage of a mobile network can be enlarged up to more than 2 km with TVBDs operating in the available TV bands.
Deposition of Thermally Unstable Molecules with the Spray-Jet Technique on Au(111) Surface (2005)

A porphyrin derivative (5,15-bis(4-ethynylphenyl)-10,20-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin: trans-BETBPP) possessing chemically reactive substituents was successfully deposited on an Au(111) surface with a new molecular beam deposition system with use of a spray-jet technique (Spray-jet-MBD) without denaturing the molecules. The deposited molecular overlayers were observed at 77 K under ultrahigh vacuum condition by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). They form two different overlayer structures: a linear arrangement and a square lattice structure. In these overlayers, some molecules were accidentally moved by STM tip agitation, which indicates that the molecules were not polymerized during the deposition process.
Acetate production byClostridium thermoaceticum in corn steep liquor media (1995)

A low-cost nutrient medium based on corn steep liquor (CSL) was developed for the production of acetates by Clostridium thermoaceticum. Pre-treatment of CSL with dolime and vitamin supplementation increased the rate of acetate production. Adding excess nutrients in a fed-batch mode minimized by-product formation and increased final acetate concentration from 19 g L -1 to 40 g L -1 acetic acid. High yields of acetic acid (0.95 g g-~ glucose in fed-batch mode) was probably due to the conversion of the lactic acid in CSL into acetic acid by the organism.
The temporal evolution of electrons in EUV-induced plasmas (2015)

We studied the temporal evolution of the electron density in a low pressure pulsed plasma induced by high energy photons (92 eV) by means of microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy (MCRS). Although MCRS generates space averaged information about the electron density, we demonstrate here the possibility to obtain spatial information by combining different resonant modes. The results show that the plasma expands to the wall of the cavity on a time scale of tens of microseconds. The speed of this expansion depends on the gas pressure; the higher the gas pressure, the slower the expansion. This effect is explained by ambipolar diffusion, which is inversely proportional to the gas pressure.
Learning legged swimming gaits from experience (2015)

We present an end-to-end framework for realizing fully automated gait learning for a complex underwater legged robot. Using this framework, we demonstrate that a hexapod flipper-propelled robot can learn task-specific control policies purely from experience data. Our method couples a state-of-the-art policy search technique with a family of periodic low-level controls that are well suited for underwater propulsion. We demonstrate the practical efficacy of tabula rasa learning, that is, learning without the use of any prior knowledge, of policies for a six-legged swimmer to carry out a variety of acrobatic maneuvers in three dimensional space. We also demonstrate informed learning that relies on simulated experience from a realistic simulator. In numerous cases, novel emergent gait behaviors have arisen from learning, such as the use of one stationary flipper to create drag while another oscillates to create thrust. Similar effective results have been demonstrated in under-actuated configurations, where as few as two flippers are used to maneuver the robot to a desired pose, or through an acrobatic motion such as a corkscrew. The success of our learning framework is assessed both in simulation and in the field using an underwater swimming robot.
ZnCdTe/ZnTe Light Emitting Diodes with CdSe n-Type Contact Layers Grown on ZnTe Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2002)

ZnCdTe/ZnTe pn-junction LEDs, which consisted of a 10 nm ZnCdTe active layer, and p- and n-type ZnTe cladding layers doped with N and Cl, respectively, were grown on ZnTe substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The current injection into the ZnCdTe active layer provided yellow emission (587 nm) of a single sharp spectrum at room temperature. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) was 25.9 meV (the corresponding FWHM in wavelength, 7.4 nm). In the devices, n-type CdSe contact layers were introduced for a low ohmic contact.
New synthetic methods based on organozirconium and organocopper chemistry (1994)

Abstract
A volume conductor model of the thorax for the study of defibrillation fields (1988)

The authors develop a physiologically realistic volume conductor model for calculating epicardial potentials during transthoracic stimulation. The objective of the study is to measure cardiac potentials during a transthoracic stimulus and compare the measurements to calculated epicardial potentials obtained from the model. The results for all four stimulus configurations (anterior-posterior, neck-waist, precordial, and right-left) on the torso consistently yield correlation coefficients of about 0.90 and RMS errors of 47% between calculated and measured epicardial potentials for a homogeneous torso. Incorporating the effects of the skeletal muscle layer improves the agreement, i.e., correlation coefficients increase to about 0.914 and RMS errors decrease to about 42%. At the same time, the lungs and heart have little influence on the agreement between measured and calculated epicardial potentials. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of the skeletal muscle layer in physiologically realistic volume conductor models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Neutron Rodeo Phase II Final Report (2019)

The ability to perform nondestructive assay (NDA) of fresh fuel assemblies with high precision in reasonable measurement times is significant for nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards. The current methodology used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for NDA of fresh fuel assemblies involves a He-3 based Uranium Neutron Collar (UNCL) system, which is an active coincidence counting system designed to measure time-correlated neutron doubles from induced fissions within the assembly. The UNCL system provides an easily implementable process of quantifying the 235U linear density of the fresh fuel assemblies; however, operational limitations of the UNCL include long assay times and adverse sensitivity to poisoned assemblies. This has engendered investigation in alternative detector materials for fast-neutron counting to rectify some of these current limitations in the UNCL. The potential improvements of using fast-neutron organic scintillators (e.g. liquid scintillators, stilbene, PSDcapable plastics, etc.) was compared directly to the original Uranium Neutron Collar (UNCL) in-detail during the initial Advanced Neutron Detection Technology Rodeo. The simulation results showed that these alternative detector materials can provide an improvement in the assay time required to reach a suitable precision due to both their lower sensitivity to the interrogation source neutrons (i.e. AmLi neutrons) and their inherently shorter coincidence gate widths. The IAEA has developed a liquid scintillator-based Fast-Neutron Collar (FNCL) as a potential replacement system for the UNCL.
Percutaneous recanalization of a thrombosed Meso-Rex shunt (2022)

Extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction can cause severe portal hypertension. Meso-rex shunting is a surgical option to bypass the extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, connecting the superior mesenteric vein to the left portal vein, restoring hepato-petal blood flow. This is an alternative to porto-systemic shunts (e.g. spleno-renal shunt)in a setting of normal liver function and intrahepatic vasculature. Our case is of a 3yo patient who underwent meso-rex shunt creation, which was complicated by thrombosis and recurrent varices and ascites. Percutaneous recanalization and stenting via a trans-splenic approach was successful, and the shunt remained patent at follow up at 1,3, and 5 months.
Stimulation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate (IP3) Receptor Subtypes by Analogues of IP3 (2013)

Most animal cells express mixtures of the three subtypes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) encoded by vertebrate genomes. Activation of each subtype by different agonists has not hitherto been examined in cells expressing defined homogenous populations of IP(3)R. Here we measure Ca(2+) release evoked by synthetic analogues of IP(3) using a Ca(2+) indicator within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum of permeabilized DT40 cells stably expressing single subtypes of mammalian IP(3)R. Phosphorylation of (1,4,5)IP(3) to (1,3,4,5)IP(4) reduced potency by ~100-fold. Relative to (1,4,5)IP(3), the potencies of IP(3) analogues modified at the 1-position (malachite green (1,4,5)IP(3)), 2-position (2-deoxy(1,4,5)IP(3)) or 3-position (3-deoxy(1,4,5)IP(3), (1,3,4,5)IP(4)) were similar for each IP(3)R subtype. The potency of an analogue, (1,4,6)IP(3), in which the orientations of the 2- and 3-hydroxyl groups were inverted, was also reduced similarly for all three IP(3)R subtypes. Most analogues of IP(3) interact similarly with the three IP(3)R subtypes, but the decrease in potency accompanying removal of the 1-phosphate from (1,4,5)IP(3) was least for IP(3)R3. Addition of a large chromophore (malachite green) to the 1-phosphate of (1,4,5)IP(3) only modestly reduced potency suggesting that similar analogues could be used to measure (1,4,5)IP(3) binding optically. These data provide the first structure-activity analyses of key IP(3) analogues using homogenous populations of each mammalian IP(3)R subtype. They demonstrate broadly similar structure-activity relationships for all mammalian IP(3)R subtypes and establish the potential utility of (1,4,5)IP(3) analogues with chromophores attached to the 1-position.
Toxicogenomics and Cell-based Assays for Toxicology (2009)

Toxicity is usually investigated using a set of standardized animal-based studies which, unfortunately, fail to detect all compounds that induce human adverse events and do not provide detailed mechanistic information of observed toxicity. As an alternative to conventional toxicology, toxicogenomics takes advantage of currently advanced technologies in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics to gain a molecular level understanding of toxicity and to enhance the predictive power of toxicity testing in drug development and risk/safety assessment. In addition, there has been a renewed interest, particularly in various government agencies, to prioritize and/or supplement animal testing with a battery of mechanistically informative in vitro assays. This article provides a brief summary of the issues, challenges and lessons learned in these fields and discuss the ways forward to further advance toxicology using these technologies.