gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 5-Carboxamide-oxazolines with a Passerini−Zhu/Staudinger−Aza−Wittig Two-Step Protocol (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTSynthesis of 5-Carboxamide-oxazolines with a Passerini−Zhu/Staudinger−Aza−Wittig Two-Step ProtocolFabio De Moliner†, Stefano Crosignani‡, Luca Banfi†, Renata Riva†, and Andrea Basso*†View Author Information Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Genova, Italy, and Merck Serono S. A., Geneva, Switzerland* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +39 010 3536110. Fax: +39 010 3536118. E-mail: [email protected]†Università degli Studi di Genova.‡Merck Serono S. A.Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2010, 12, 5, 613–616Publication Date (Web):July 27, 2010Publication History Received22 June 2010Published online27 July 2010Published inissue 13 September 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/cc100122nCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1253Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (146 KB) Supporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adducts,Aldehydes,Cyclization,Mixtures,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
Radiosynthesis of [18F]DPA‐714, a selective radioligand for imaging the translocator protein (18 kDa) with PET (2008)

Abstract Recently, a novel series of 2‐phenylpyrazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidineacetamides has been reported as selective ligands of the translocator protein (18 kDa). Within this series, DPA‐714 ( N,N ‐diethyl‐2‐(2‐(4‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)phenyl)‐5,7‐dimethylpyrazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)acetamide, K i =7.0 nM) is a compound, which had been designed with a fluorine atom in its structure, allowing labelling with fluorine‐18 (half‐life: 109.8 min) and in vivo imaging using positron emission tomography. DPA‐714 and its tosyloxy derivative ( N,N ‐diethyl‐2‐(2‐(4‐(2‐toluenesulfonyloxyethoxy)phenyl)‐5,7‐dimethylpyrazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)acetamide) as precursor for the labelling with fluorine‐18 were synthesized in two steps from DPA‐713 ( N,N ‐diethyl‐2‐(2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐5,7‐dimethylpyrazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)acetamide) and obtained in 32 and 42% yields, respectively. [ 18 F]DPA‐714 was synthesized using a simple one‐step process (a tosyloxy‐for‐fluorine nucleophilic aliphatic substitution), which has been fully automated on our Zymate‐XP robotic system. It involves: (A) reaction of K[ 18 F]F‐Kryptofix ® 222 with the tosyloxy precursor (4.5–5.0 mg, 8.2–9.1 µmol) at 165°C for 5 min in dimethyl sufloxide (0.6 mL) followed by (B) C18 PrepSep cartridge pre‐purification and finally (C) semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification on a Waters X‐Terra™ RP18. Typically, 5.6–7.4 GBq of [ 18 F]DPA‐714 (&gt;95% chemically and radiochemically pure) could be obtained with specific radioactivities ranging from 37 to 111 GBq/µmol within 85–90 min (HPLC purification and SepPak ® ‐based formulation included), starting from a 37 GBq [ 18 F]fluoride batch (overall non‐decay‐corrected and isolated radiochemical yield: 15–20%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for Incorporation of Heteroatoms into the Framework of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Materials Synthesized in Strong Acidic Media. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Method of Assessing the Severity of Cam Type Femoro-Acetabular Impingement in Three Dimensions (2012)

Femoroacetabular impingement is caused by abnormal morphology of either the femur or acetabulum or both. Diagnostic criteria currently include an alpha angle of over 50° on a lateral radiograph. In this study, CT scans of symptomatic hips (n = 37) were compared with normal hips (n = 34) obtained from CT colonoscopy procedures. The femoral head described in terms of a three dimensional (3D) alpha angle and a 3D head neck margin (epiphysis) angle '3Dμ' using a semi-automated algorithm. In normal hips 70% have a maximum 3Dα angle of more than 50° at some point around their femoral head (mean 53° ± 5°, range 42° - 64°), while in cam hips, it was significantly larger (mean 69° ± 10°, range 54° - 94°, p<0.001). The 3Dμ also varied significantly and had a reverse relationship to that of the alpha angle: cam hips have an articular extent that crossed over spherical limit of the hip joint (mean minimum 41° ± 7°) while the articular margin of normal hips always remained within the spherical limit (mean minimum 49° ± 6°). This semi-automated algorithm provides an objective measure of the femoral head in health and disease. It can reliably distinguish cam hips from normal, enabling cam hips to have their cam quantified and their surgery planned objectively.
2 ${\hbox{Tbit/in}}^{2}$ Reader Design Outlook (2010)

We review the 2 Tbit/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> reader design landscape based on existing knowledge and projection. We found that the reader signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement will be highly challenging due to the rapid increase in noise and the additional requirements from assisted writing. An acceptable level of channel bit density can be achieved in spite of a slow head-to-media spacing (HMS) reduction provided that both the shield-to-shield (SS) spacing and the ¿a¿ parameter scale with the bit length. We expect the side reading control for high ktpi to be difficult, and potentially a reader side shield will be required. The reader will likely use a higher quality MgO tunneling giant magnetoresistance (TGMR) stack with improved permanent-magnet coercivity. Certain new structures such as the differential reader or the trilayer will likely be part of the solution.
A study of the long-term stability of composite-metal membranes (1994)

The potential application of dense metal membranes, primarily palladium and palladium alloys, for high-temperature hydrogen separations has been recognized for at least several decades. However, the high cost of palladium-based membranes, more than any other factor, has greatly limited their commercial utility. Composite-metal membranes have been investigated as a possible compromise allowing the use of low-cost metals to make the bulk of the membrane, while retaining palladium or other hydrogen-permeable noble metals as a surface-coating layer. Such traditional composite-metal membranes suffer from rapid flux decline associated with intermetallic diffusion. This paper presents the results of work directed at minimizing or eliminating intermetallic diffusion between the coating metal and the base metal (the metal comprising the interior of the membrane) by incorporating an intermediate oxide layer.
Prospective Study of Cardiomyopathy Induced by Adjuvant Doxorubicin Therapy in Patients With Soft-Tissue Sarcomas (1986)

Since a combination of surgery and adjuvant high-dose doxorubicin therapy can prolong survival in patients with extremity sarcomas, but at the expense of significant cardiomyopathic changes, we prospectively studied the differences in cardiotoxicity in 118 patients with sarcomas treated with high- vs low-dose doxorubicin therapy following surgery. Cardiac function, as assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), was determined by standard radionuclide angiography during rest and exercise. No patients in this study developed congestive heart failure. While both regimens produced net decreases in EF during rest and exercise, the high-dose doxorubicin regimen resulted in significantly greater declines in EF than the low-dose protocol. Of patients with normal baseline values, a greater percentage of patients receiving the high-dose regimen developed an abnormal EF than did those receiving the low-dose regimen, even after separating younger from older individuals. Thus, treatment-induced cardiomyopathy appears to be a significant clinical problem after both high- and low-dose doxorubicin therapy. The use of the low-dose regimen decreases the magnitude of the cardiomyopathic changes.
Hole‐Transfer Dependence on Blend Morphology and Energy Level Alignment in Polymer: ITIC Photovoltaic Materials (2017)

Bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic materials containing nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have seen remarkable advances in the past year, finally surpassing fullerenes in performance. Indeed, acceptors based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) have become synonymous with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Nevertheless, NFAs have yet to achieve fill factors (FFs) comparable to those of the highest-performing fullerene-based materials. To address this seeming anomaly, this study examines a high efficiency IDT-based acceptor, ITIC, paired with three donor polymers known to achieve high FFs with fullerenes, PTPD3T, PBTI3T, and PBTSA3T. Excellent PCEs up to 8.43% are achieved from PTPD3T:ITIC blends, reflecting good charge transport, optimal morphology, and efficient ITIC to PTPD3T hole-transfer, as observed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Hole-transfer is observed from ITIC to PBTI3T and PBTSA3T, but less efficiently, reflecting measurably inferior morphology and nonoptimal energy level alignment, resulting in PCEs of 5.34% and 4.65%, respectively. This work demonstrates the importance of proper morphology and kinetics of ITIC → donor polymer hole-transfer in boosting the performance of polymer:ITIC photovoltaic bulk heterojunction blends.
Functional Interrogation and Mining of Natively-Paired Human VH:VL Antibody Repertoires (2018)

Abstract Next-Generation sequencing has become an essential tool in the analysis of antibody responses in the settings of health, vaccination, and disease. However, immune receptors comprise two chains encoded by separate mRNA strands, and conventional NextGen sequencing fails to identify the native pairings encoded by individual lymphocytes. To overcome this limitation we have applied recent technical advances in high-throughput sequencing and functional analysis of complete antibodies (i.e., paired heavy and light chain sequencing) to generate a comprehensive understanding of the antibody response to vaccination and natural infection. Here we present a new technology to screen natively-paired human antibody repertoires from millions of B cells. Libraries of natively-paired variable region heavy and light (VH:VL) amplicons were expressed in a yeast display platform that was optimized for human Fab surface expression, and the resulting libraries were interrogated for binding to viral vaccine antigens via FACS paired with next generation sequencing. Using our method we identified HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from an HIV-1 slow progressor and high-affinity neutralizing antibodies responding to an Ebola virus glycoprotein vaccination. These next-generation approaches are providing detailed molecular feedback on immune receptor responses and are informing the design and discovery of new vaccines and therapeutics.
Monoclonal Antibodies (1981)

Serologic reagents have played an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiology of infectious diseases. A new technology has been developed for generating homogeneous antibodies that can be produced in large amounts and are available indefinitely. This technique promises to increase the reliability and sensitivity of immunoassays and may even provide antibodies that can be used safely in vivo.
Hit to Lead Account of the Discovery of Bisbenzamide and Related Ureidobenzamide Inhibitors of Rho Kinase (2009)

A highly selective series of bisbenzamide inhibitors of Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) and a related ureidobenzamide series, both identified by high throughput screening (HTS), are described. Details of the hit validation and lead generation process, including structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a selectivity assessment, target-independent profiling (TIP) results, and an analysis of functional activity using a rat aortic ring assay are discussed.
Concise One-Pot Preparation of Unique Bis-Pyrrolidinone Tetrazoles (2012)

A one-pot, two-step synthesis of bis-pyrrolidinone tetrazoles has been established via the Ugi-Azide reaction using methyl levulinate, primary amines, isocyanides and azidotrimethylsilane with subsequent acid treatment to catalyze the lactam formation. The efficiency of the protocol was established followed by a successful transition to library production in four 24-well plates.
The mouse genome sequence - the end of the tail, or just the beginning? (2003)

The recent flurry of papers on the mouse genome includes the description of the full genome assembly, analysis of the mouse transcriptome, the origin of interstrain variation, initial analysis of conserved non-coding regions and high-throughput expression analysis of a subset of genes. Each illustrates how the availability of the genome sequence will change the way mouse biologists do business in future.
The SH2 Domain-containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase (SHIP) Recruits the p85 Subunit of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase during FcγRIIb1-mediated Inhibition of B Cell Receptor Signaling (1999)

Coligation of FcgammaRIIb1 with the B cell receptor (BCR) or FcepsilonRI on mast cells inhibits B cell or mast cell activation. Activity of the inositol phosphatase SHIP is required for this negative signal. In vitro, SHIP catalyzes the conversion of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) product phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate (PIP3) into phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. Recent data demonstrate that coligation of FcgammaRIIb1 with BCR inhibits PIP3-dependent Btk (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) activation and the Btk-dependent generation of inositol trisphosphate that regulates sustained calcium influx. In this study, we provide evidence that coligation of FcgammaRIIb1 with BCR induces binding of PI3K to SHIP. This interaction is mediated by the binding of the SH2 domains of the p85 subunit of PI3K to a tyrosine-based motif in the C-terminal region of SHIP. Furthermore, the generation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate was only partially reduced during coligation of BCR with FcgammaRIIb1 despite a drastic reduction in PIP3. In contrast to the complete inhibition of Tec kinase-dependent calcium signaling, activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt was partially preserved during BCR and FcgammaRIIb1 coligation. The association of PI3K with SHIP may serve to activate PI3K and to regulate downstream events such as B cell activation-induced apoptosis.
Internet Protocol Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)/Checksum Considerations (2002)

In this memo, we attempt to give some estimates for the probability of undetected errors to facilitate the selection of an error detection code for the Internet Protocol Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI).
Synthesis, characterization, and applications of fluorous resorcin[4]arenes (2010)

Three fluorous resorcin[4]arenes (1a-c) were synthesized and characterized for their potential application in separation science. A crystal structure of 1b confirmed its ring size and conformation. The fluorous resorcin[4]arenes are soluble in hybrid fluorous solvents. Preliminary studies demonstrated that 1a immobilized in a fluorous bulk membrane is capable of transporting tetramethylammonium cation from an aqueous source phase into an aqueous receiving phase.
A comparison of low fluence-rate light sources for ALA-PpIX based photodynamic therapy of skin (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is used clinically for the treatment of Actinic Kerasotis (AK) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). These treatments utilize the patient’s ability to convert the pro-drug aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as part of the heme cycle. Conventional PDT treatment requires a period of incubation to increase the concentration of PpIX at the affected site before a high fluence-rate narrow band light is used to activate the PpIX. Upon activation, the release of reactive oxygen species causes localized cell death, but has also been attributed to reports of pain during treatment. Broadband low fluence-rate light sources and shorter incubation times have been shown to reduce the reported pain while still providing similar efficacy. To compare the light dose provided by these various narrowband and broadband sources, a PpIX absorbance weighted light dose is used. Previous work using a murine skin model has shown this metric to be correlated with epidermal damage and STAT3 cross-linking. However, when comparing light sources at different wavelengths it is important to consider the penetration depth of both the PpIX and the light. Monte Carlo simulations have been implemented to better estimate the impact of tissue optical properties and biodistribution of PpIX. These results are compared with in vivo bioassays with the aim of providing a more accurate tool for light-dose estimation in clinical practice.
Engagement of kappa opioid system in the right amygdala diminishes diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) (2018)

Background: Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) is known as pain modulatory system in which one painful stimulus inhibits another painful stimulus. We previously reported that the loss of DNIC observed in morphine-primed and stressed rats is ameliorated by kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist injected into the central nucleus of amygdala (CeN), suggesting that KOR-mediated descending facilitation from the CeN in morphine-primed rats masks the DNIC response. In this study, we invested if activation of kappa opioid system in the CeN in naive animals is sufficient to block the DNIC response, using designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs) system.
Replication of the R6K plasmid during the Escherichia coli cell cycle (1992)

The cell-cycle replication pattern of the R6K plasmid has been investigated by using the membrane-elution technique to produce cells labelled at different times during the division cycle and scintillation counting for quantitative analysis of radioactive plasmid DNA. The high-copy plasmid R6K replicates exponentially in a cell-cycle-independent manner. A mini-R6K plasmid deleted for the ori alpha origin of replication also replicates, exponentially in a cell-cycle-independent manner.
Widely tunable 23  μm III-V-on-silicon Vernier lasers for broadband spectroscopic sensing (2018)

Heterogeneously integrating III-V materials on silicon photonic integrated circuits has emerged as a promising approach to make advanced laser sources for optical communication and sensing applications. Tunable semiconductor lasers operating in the 2-2.5 mu m range are of great interest for industrial and medical applications since many gases (e.g., CO2, CO, CH4) and biomolecules (such as blood glucose) have strong absorption features in this wavelength region. The development of integrated tunable laser sources in this wavelength range enables low-cost and miniature spectroscopic sensors. Here we report heterogeneously integrated widely tunable III-V-on-silicon Vernier lasers using two silicon microring resonators as the wavelength tuning components. The laser has a wavelength tuning range of more than 40 nm near 2.35 mu m. By combining two lasers with different distributed Bragg reflectors, a tuning range of more than 70 nm is achieved. Over the whole tuning range, the side-mode suppression ratio is higher than 35 dB. As a proof-of-principle, this III-V-on-silicon Vernier laser is used to measure the absorption lines of CO. The measurement results match very well with the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption (HITRAN) database and indicate that this laser is suitable for broadband spectroscopy. (C) 2018 Chinese Laser Press
Conjugate Effects on Steady Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Vertical Eccentric Annuli (2005)

Combined conduction-free convection heat transfer in vertical eccentric annuli is numerically investigated using finite-difference technique. Numerical results are presented for a fluid of Prandtl number 0.7 in an annulus of radius ratio 0.5 and dimensionless eccentricity 0.5. The conjugation effect on the induced flow rate and the total heat absorbed in the annulus is presented for the case of one wall being isothermally heated while the other wall is kept at inlet fluid temperature. The conjugate effects are controlled by solid-fluid conductivity ratio, cylinder walls thickness and dimensionless channel height (i.e. Grashof number). Solid-fluid conductivity ratio is varied over a range that covers practical cases with commonly encountered inner and outer walls thickness. Values of conductivity ratio over which conjugate effect can be neglected have been obtained.
Editorial: Reverse Vaccinology (2019)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 03 December 2019Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02776
Gordon Bell finalists II---The BlueGene/L supercomputer and quantum ChromoDynamics (2006)

We describe our methods for performing quantum chromodynamics (QCD) simulations that sustain up to 20% of the peak performance on BlueGene supercomputers. We present our methods, scaling properties, and first cutting edge results relevant to QCD. We show how this enables unprecedented computational scale that brings lattice QCD to the next generation of calculations. We present our QCD simulation that achieved 12.2 Teraflops sustained performance with perfect speedup to 32K CPU cores. Among other things, these calculations are critical for cosmology, for the heavy ion experiments at RHIC-BNL, and for the upcoming experiments at CERN-Geneva. Furthermore, we demonstrate how QCD dramatically exposes memory and network latencies inherent in any computer system and propose that QCD should be used as a new, powerful HPC benchmark. Our sustained performance demonstrates the excellent properties of the BlueGene/L system.
Design and development of Generation-I silicon based Solid State Transformer (2010)

The Solid State Transformer (SST) is one of the key elements proposed in the National Science Foundation (NSF) Generation-III Engineering Research Center (ERC) ¿Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management¿ (FREEDM) Systems Center. The SST is used to enable active management of distributed renewable energy resources, energy storage devices and loads. In this paper, the Generation-I SST single-phase 20 kVA, based on 6.5 kV Si-IGBT is proposed for interface with 12 kV distribution system voltage. The SST system design parameters, overall system efficiency, high frequency transformer design, dual active bridge converter, auxiliary power supply and gate drives are investigated. Design considerations and experimental results of the prototype SST are reported.