gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-retaining intraurethral stent: an alternative to long-term indwelling catheters or surgery in the treatment of prostatism. (1990)

The self-retaining intraurethral coil is a device to stent the urethra in men who have severe urethral obstruction. It allows them to empty their bladders and still remain continent and sexually active. The device can be used in place of long-term indwelling catheters or as an alternative to surgery. During 1 year, we inserted the stent in 26 men who were poor operative risks. The treatment was successful in 20 (77%). All 20 were able to void satisfactorily. Four of the 20 resumed sexual activity, which previously had been prevented by indwelling catheters. Two patients who had delayed prostatic surgery because of fear of impotence were able to empty their bladders properly and to remain sexually active. Three patients subsequently had surgery, two after anticoagulant therapy could be stopped and one after renal function improved. No difficulties caused by the stent were encountered during surgery. Follow-up was for 2-12 months. Four patients who had had the stent in place for 12 months had no difficulties. In 16 of the 18 patients who had indwelling catheters and infected urine before insertion of the stent, sterilization of the urine was obtained after relatively short courses of antibiotic treatment. Short-term complications associated with the stent were incontinence or urinary retention. These were treated by repositioning the stent. Frequency of urination after insertion of the stent either disappeared spontaneously or was treated with anticholinergic drugs. In six patients, frequency was so severe that removal of the stent and insertion of an indwelling catheter were necessary. Slight to mild dysuria occurred immediately after surgery in all patients but eventually disappeared. Our experience suggests that the self-retaining intraurethral stent has considerable promise for the treatment of prostatic obstruction of the urethra.
Signal Transduction Pathway Modeling Using Sequences of Chromatophore Images (2007)

Extensive research is being done in order to use chromatophore cells as biosensors for various substances. In this paper, a link between the biological aspect of chromatophores and digital image/video processing techniques used for chromatophore characterization is established for this purpose. A model of the Gs--AC--PKA--granule motion-image feature signal transduction pathway is proposed, starting from the concentration of the input ligand and ending in the pigment area extracted from a microscope image. The model extends an existing system biology differential equation based model of the Gs--AC--PKA transduction pathway obtained from the Database of Quantitative Cellular Signaling (DQCS). Examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system model.
A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling (2007)

Smac mimetic compounds targeting the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) baculoviral IAP repeat-3 domain are presumed to reduce the threshold for apoptotic cell death by alleviating caspase-9 repression. We explored this tenet in an unbiased manner by searching for small interfering RNAs that are able to confer resistance to the Smac mimetic compound LBW242. Among the screening hits were multiple components of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) signaling pathway as well as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) itself. Here, we show that in a subset of highly sensitive tumor cell lines, activity of LBW242 is dependent on TNFalpha signaling. Mechanistic studies indicate that in this context, XIAP is a positive modulator of TNFalpha induction whereas cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 negatively regulates TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis.
Whole body traveling wave magnetic resonance imaging at high field strength: Homogeneity, efficiency, and energy deposition as compared with traditional excitation mechanisms (2011)

In 7 T traveling wave imaging, waveguide modes supported by the scanner radiofrequency shield are used to excite an MR signal in samples or tissue which may be several meters away from the antenna used to drive radiofrequency power into the system. To explore the potential merits of traveling wave excitation for whole-body imaging at 7 T, we compare numerical simulations of traveling wave and TEM systems, and juxtapose full-wave electrodynamic simulations using a human body model with in vivo human traveling wave imaging at multiple stations covering the entire body. The simulated and in vivo traveling wave results correspond well, with strong signal at the periphery of the body and weak signal deep in the torso. These numerical results also illustrate the complicated wave behavior that emerges when a body is present. The TEM resonator simulation allowed comparison of traveling wave excitation with standard quadrature excitation, showing that while the traveling wave B +1 per unit drive voltage is much less than that of the TEM system, the square of the average B +1 compared to peak specific absorption rate (SAR) values can be comparable in certain imaging planes. Both systems produce highly inhomogeneous excitation of MR signal in the torso, suggesting that B(1) shimming or other parallel transmission methods are necessary for 7 T whole body imaging.
Evidence for Direct Physical Association between a K+Channel (Kir6.2) and an ATP-Binding Cassette Protein (SUR1) Which Affects Cellular Distribution and Kinetic Behavior of an ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel (1998)

Structurally unique among ion channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are essential in coupling cellular metabolism with membrane excitability, and their activity can be reconstituted by coexpression of an inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir6.2, with an ATP-binding cassette protein, SUR1. To determine if constitutive channel subunits form a physical complex, we developed antibodies to specifically label and immunoprecipitate Kir6.2. From a mixture of Kir6.2 and SUR1 in vitro-translated proteins, and from COS cells transfected with both channel subunits, the Kir6.2-specific antibody coimmunoprecipitated 38- and 140-kDa proteins corresponding to Kir6.2 and SUR1, respectively. Since previous reports suggest that the carboxy-truncated Kir6.2 can form a channel independent of SUR, we deleted 114 nucleotides from the carboxy terminus of the Kir6.2 open reading frame (Kir6.2deltaC37). Kir6.2deltaC37 still coimmunoprecipitated with SUR1, suggesting that the distal carboxy terminus of Kir6.2 is unnecessary for subunit association. Confocal microscopic images of COS cells transfected with Kir6.2 or Kir6.2deltaC37 and labeled with fluorescent antibodies revealed unique honeycomb patterns unlike the diffuse immunostaining observed when cells were cotransfected with Kir6.2-SUR1 or Kir6.2deltaC37-SUR1. Membrane patches excised from COS cells cotransfected with Kir6.2-SUR1 or Kir6.2deltaC37-SUR1 exhibited single-channel activity characteristic of pancreatic KATP channels. Kir6.2deltaC37 alone formed functional channels with single-channel conductance and intraburst kinetic properties similar to those of Kir6.2-SUR1 or Kir6.2deltaC37-SUR1 but with reduced burst duration. This study provides direct evidence that an inwardly rectifying K+ channel and an ATP-binding cassette protein physically associate, which affects the cellular distribution and kinetic behavior of a KATP channel.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiasterins: A New Family of Cytotoxic Metabolites from the Marine Sponge Plakortis quasiamphiaster (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Applications of Active Integrated Antennas (2018)

This comprehensive new resource guides professionals in the latest methods used when designing active integrated antennas (AIA) for wireless communication devices for various standards. This book provides complete design procedures for the various elements of such active integrated antennas such as the matching network, the amplifier/active element as well as the antenna. This book offers insight into how active integration and co-design between the active components (amplifier, oscillator, mixer, diodes) and the antenna can provide better power transfer, higher gains, increased efficiencies, switched beam patterns and smaller design footprints. It introduces the co-design approach of active integrated antennas and its superior performance over conventional methods. Complete design examples are given of active integrated antenna systems for narrow and wideband applications as well as for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Readers find the latest design methods for narrow and broadband RF matching networks. This book provides a complete listing of performance metrics for active integrated antennas. The book serves as a complete reference and design guide in the area of AIA.
Data from Molecular and Cellular Effects of NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Inhibition in Myeloma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The NEDD8-activating enzyme is upstream of the 20S proteasome in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and catalyzes the first step in the neddylation pathway. NEDD8 modification of cullins is required for ubiquitination of cullin-ring ligases that regulate degradation of a distinct subset of proteins. The more targeted impact of NEDD8-activating enzyme on protein degradation prompted us to study MLN4924, an investigational NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, in preclinical multiple myeloma models. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; treatment with MLN4924 led to dose-dependent decrease of viability (EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 25–150 nmol/L) in a panel of human multiple myeloma cell lines. MLN4924 was similarly active against a bortezomib-resistant ANBL-6 subline and its bortezomib-sensitive parental cells. MLN4924 had submicromolar activity (EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values &lt;500 nmol/L) against primary CD138&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; multiple myeloma patient cells and exhibited at least additive effect when combined with dexamethasone, doxorubicin, and bortezomib against MM.1S cells. The bortezomib-induced compensatory upregulation of transcripts for ubiquitin/proteasome was not observed with MLN4924 treatment, suggesting distinct functional roles of NEDD8-activating enzyme versus 20S proteasome. MLN4924 was well tolerated at doses up to 60 mg/kg 2× daily and significantly reduced tumor burden in both a subcutaneous and an orthotopic mouse model of multiple myeloma. These studies provide the framework for the clinical investigation of MLN4924 in multiple myeloma. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 942–51. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Singularity system (2010)

Safe, modern programming languages let Microsoft rethink the architectural trade-offs in its experimental operating system.
Illusion Optics: The Optical Transformation of an Object into Another Object (2009)

We propose to use transformation optics to generate a general illusion such that an arbitrary object appears to be like some other object of our choice. This is achieved by using a remote device that can transform the scattered light outside a virtual boundary into that of the object chosen for the illusion, irrespective of the profile and direction of the incident light. This type of illusion device also enables people to see through walls. Our work extends the concept of cloaking as a special form of illusion to the wider realm of illusion optics.
Determination of the AlT1/AlT2 Ratio in MAZ Zeolites Using Line Shapes of MQ MAS NMR (1999)

The MQ MAS NMR is used to evaluate the real, individual line shape of the Al signals in the 1D 27Al MAS NMR spectrum of zeolite materials. By the application of these real line shapes, an improved deconvolution of the 1D MAS NMR spectrum is achieved. This methodology was applied to the two tetrahedrally coordinated Al sites in mazzite zeolite, resulting in an accurate determination of the AlT1/AlT2 ratio. The method proposed here yields significant higher AlT1/AlT2 ratios then those obtained from the classical deconvolution of the 1D 27Al MAS NMR by two Lorentzian shaped lines. This implies an enrichment of Al in the 12-membered channel compared to the ratio proposed earlier in the literature.
The Silently Shifting Semicolon (2015)

Memory consistency models for modern concurrent languages have largely been designed from a system-centric point of view that protects, at all costs, optimizations that were originally designed for sequential programs. The result is a situation that, when viewed from a programmer's standpoint, borders on absurd. We illustrate this unfortunate situation with a brief fable and then examine the opportunities to right our path.
Rapid communication Identification of a juvenile hormone esterase gene by matching its peptide mass fingerprint with a sequence from the Drosophila genome project (2001)

Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE, EC 3.1.1.1) from whole Drosophila melanogaster prepupae has previously been purified by selective precipitations, isoelectric focussing and two column chromatography steps. JHE bands from dried silver-stained SDS‐ PAGE gels of that material were digested with trypsin. The masses of the tryptic digest peptides were determined by MALDI‐ TOF mass spectrometry. Only one predicted gene product (CG8425) from the D. melanogaster genome matches the JHE tryptic fingerprint with high confidence. This predicted JHE sequence includes features that are conserved among all active members of the serine carboxylesterase multigene family as well as features peculiar to JHEs from other species. Also we show that this JHE can be purified by an alternative method using anion exchange chromotography followed by trifluoromethylketone affinity chromatography. A cDNA encoding this JHE was isolated using 39 and 59 RACE. This sequence is in agreement with the Drosophila genome project’s prediction except that the sixth predicted intron is not removed; instead there is a stop codon followed by a polyadenylation signal and a polyA tail. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Location of Persisting Mycobacteria in a Guinea Pig Model of Tuberculosis Revealed by R207910 (2007)

The lengthy chemotherapy of tuberculosis reflects the ability of a small subpopulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria to persist in infected individuals. To date, the exact location of these persisting bacteria is not known. Lung lesions in guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis have striking similarities, such as necrosis, mineralization, and hypoxia, to natural infections in humans. Guinea pigs develop necrotic primary lesions after aerosol infection that differ in their morphology compared to secondary lesions resulting from hematogenous dissemination. In infected guinea pigs conventional therapy for tuberculosis during 6 weeks reduced the bacterial load by 1.7 logs in the lungs and, although this completely reversed lung inflammation associated with secondary lesions, the primary granulomas remained largely unaffected. Treatment of animals with the experimental drug R207910 (TMC207) for 6 weeks was highly effective with almost complete eradication of the bacteria throughout both the primary and the secondary lesions. Most importantly, the few remnants of acid-fast bacilli remaining after R207910 treatment were to be found extracellular, in a microenvironment of residual primary lesion necrosis with incomplete dystrophic calcification. This zone of the primary granuloma is hypoxic and is morphologically similar to what has been described for human lung lesions. These results show that this acellular rim may, therefore, be a primary location of persisting bacilli withstanding drug treatment.
THE ANATOMY ACT (2015)

Anatomy act is defined as an act to provide for supply of unclaimed bodies of deceased person to medical and teaching authorized institution for purpose of anatomical examination and dissection and other similar purposes. Anatomy learning without dissection of dead body is never considered perfect. In this article, the sources of unclaimed bodies, process of anatomy act, rules and regulations regarding handling of unclaimed bodies are discussed.
Accelerated Development of the Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist ACT‐541468: Integration of a Microtracer in a First‐in‐Human Study (2018)

The orexin system regulates sleep and arousal and is targeted by ACT-541468, a new dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA). Healthy male subjects received a single oral dose of 5-200 mg to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), mass balance, metabolism, and absolute bioavailability utilizing a <sup>14</sup> C-labeled, orally and intravenously (i.v.) administered microtracer. The drug was safe and well tolerated; the PK profile was characterized by quick absorption and elimination, with median time to reach maximum concentration (t<sub>max</sub> ) of 0.8-2.8 h and geometric mean terminal half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub> ) of 5.9-8.8 h. Clear dose-related effects on the central nervous system were observed at ≥25 mg, indicating a suitable PK-PD profile for a sleep-promoting drug, allowing for rapid onset and duration of action limited to the intended use. This comprehensive first-in-human study created a wealth of data, while saving resources in drug development.
Supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) materials for removal of hazardous gas compounds – efficient and irreversible NH3 adsorption (2014)

Novel supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) gas purification materials have been developed to remove ammonia irreversibly from an ambient gas flow of nitrogen (1000 ppm NH3 in N2, wet and dry). In the applied SILP materials, thin films of imidazolium based ionic liquids and ionic solutions of metal complexes, namely [C8C1Im][NTf2], [C8C1Im][NTf2]/Cu(NTf2)2, [C8C1Im][NTf2]/Co(NTf2)2 and [CnC1Im]Cl/CuCl2 (n = 2, 4, 8), were dispersed onto the large surface area of polymer-based spherical activated carbon supports. For the [CnC1Im]Cl/CuCl2 (n = 2, 4, 8) based SILP materials the use of a humid gas flow significantly enhances NH3 absorption as demonstrated by a clear increase of breakthrough times. The irreversibility of the ammonia sorption and the broadband capability (e.g. Cl2, H2S and cyclohexane) of the prepared SILP absorber materials are reported and compared to typical standards for gas purification adsorber materials (ABEK regulations).
Rapid Detection of Zika Virus in Urine Samples and Infected Mosquitos by Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (2018)

Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) is of growing concern since infection is associated with the development of congenital neurological disease. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) has been the standard for ZIKV detection; however, Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) may allow for faster and cheaper testing. Studies have suggested that ZIKV detection in urine is more sensitive and has a longer window of detection compared to serum and saliva. The objective of this study was to develop a urine diagnostic test that could be completed in under 30 minutes. Urine samples spiked with ZIKV or dengue virus were tested using RT-LAMP as well as by conventional quantitative qRT-PCR. These techniques were then validated using crude lysates made from ZIKV infected mosquitoes in addition to urine and serum samples from ZIKV infected patients. RT-LAMP specifically detected ZIKV in urine and serum for ZIKV infected patients and crude mosquito lysates. This test was performed in under 30 minutes and did not require RNA extraction from urine nor mosquitos. This approach could be used for monitoring of exposed individuals, especially pregnant women, couples wanting to conceive, or individuals with suspicious symptoms as well as surveillance of mosquito populations.
Large-Scale Validation of the Paddling Pool Task in the Clockmaze for Studying Hippocampus-Based Spatial Cognition in Mice (2019)

Rationally designed behavioral tests are important tools to assess the function of specific brain regions. The hippocampus is a crucial neural substrate for spatial cognition, and many studies have linked hippocampal dysfunction with defects on spatial learning and memory in neurological conditions ranging from Alzheimer's disease to autoimmune syndromes, such as neuropsychiatric lupus. While our understanding of hippocampal function, from the molecular to the system levels, has increased dramatically over the last decades, this effort has not yet translated into efficacious therapies for cognitive impairment. We think that the availability of highly validated behavioral paradigms to measure cognition in mouse models is likely to enhance the potential success of preclinical therapeutic modalities. Here, we present an extensive study of the paddling pool task (PPT), first reported by Deacon and Rawlins, in which mice learn to escape from shallow water through a peripheral exit in a circular arena dubbed the clockmaze. We show that the PPT provides highly reliable results when assaying spatial cognition in C57/BL6 mice (120 males, 40 females) and BALB/c mice (40 males, 90 females). Additionally, we develop a robust algorithm for the assessment of escape strategies with clearly quantifiable readouts, enabling fine-granular phenotyping. Notably, the use of spatial strategy increases linearly across trials in the PPT. In a separate cohort of mice, we apply muscimol injections to silence the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus and show that the use of the spatial strategy in the PPT relies on the integrity of the dorsal hippocampus. Additionally, we compare directly the PPT and the Morris water maze (MWM) task in C57/BL6 mice (20 males, 20 females) and BALB/c mice (20 males, 20 females) and we find that the PPT induces significantly lower anxiety, exhaustion and hypothermia than the MWM. We conclude that the PPT provides a robust assessment of spatial cognition in mice, which can be applied in conjunction with other tests, to facilitate hypothesis testing and drug development to combat cognitive impairment.
WDM technologies in telecommunications (1995)

The drive towards WDM applications is motivated by a number of commercial and economic factors. These range from cost of installed fiber, issues regarding fiber right of way, to the increasing demand for bandwidth as the emerging broadband technologies of ATM, frame relay and video on demand, consume the currently available bandwidth. In this environment WDM is seen as a viable technique to increase the available bandwidth of the currently installed fiber base. The advent of the optical amplifier technologies is closely coupled with the viability of WDM in the market place. With launch powers of exceeding 10 dBm the initial drawback of insertion loss are largely overcome. NT has been active in developing WDM technology. Products like the telecommunications network16X, a 2.4 Gbit/s SDH ring system currently offer WDM. In WDM applications the capacity of a link may be doubled from 2.4 Gbit/s to 4.8 Gbit/s. With high power transmitters a commercially viable 4.8 Gbit/s link with spans exceeding 100 km is possible. Another leading edge product offers 10 Gbit/s capacity at a single wavelength. This paper discusses the main market drivers for WDM. It also examines the advances of technology and materials, both of WDM and optical amplifiers that make the commercial application of this technology viable. Noise levels, ASE limitations, and laser material technologies are all considered. The paper deals with the practicalities of the technology, how technical problems are overcome and presents proven performance of WDM technology in Northern Telecom products. (19 pages)