gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally determining flow and/or heat load distribution in parallel paths (2023)

A method including obtaining calibration data for at least one sub-component in a heat transfer assembly, wherein the calibration data comprises at least one indication of coolant flow rate through the sub-component for a given surface temperature delta of the sub-component and a given heat load into said sub-component, determining a measured heat load into the sub-component, determining a measured surface temperature delta of the sub-component, and determining a coolant flow distribution in a first flow path comprising the sub-component from the calibration data according to the measured heat load and the measured surface temperature delta of the sub-component.
Coordinated Activities of Human Dicer Domains in Regulatory RNA Processing (2012)

The conserved ribonuclease Dicer generates microRNAs and short-interfering RNAs that guide gene silencing in eukaryotes. The specific contributions of human Dicer's structural domains to RNA product length and substrate preference are incompletely understood, due in part to the difficulties of Dicer purification. Here, we show that active forms of human Dicer can be assembled from recombinant polypeptides expressed in bacteria. Using this system, we find that three distinct modes of RNA recognition give rise to Dicer's fidelity and product length specificity. The first involves anchoring one end of a double-stranded RNA helix within the PAZ domain, which can assemble in trans with Dicer's catalytic domains to reconstitute an accurate but non-substrate-selective dicing activity. The second entails nonspecific RNA binding by the double-stranded RNA binding domain, an interaction that is essential for substrate recruitment in the absence of the PAZ domain. The third mode of recognition involves hairpin RNA loop recognition by the helicase domain, which ensures efficient processing of specific substrates. These results reveal distinct interactions of each Dicer domain with different RNA structural features and provide a facile system for investigating the molecular mechanisms of human microRNA biogenesis.
Editorial: Reservoir Processes and Global Practices in Geologic Carbon Sequestration (2022)

EDITORIAL article Front. Clim., 07 April 2022Sec. Negative Emission Technologies https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.875388
Closed-Form Expressions for the Outage and Ergodic Shannon Capacity of MIMO MRC Systems (2005)

Transmit-beamforming (TB) over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels steers the transmit power in the receiver's direction, so as to maximize the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) after maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver. This letter proposes a simple algorithm that allows evaluating an exact and tractable expression for the probability density function of the SNR at the output of the TB receiver, subject to Rayleigh fading. The latter enables the derivation of closed-form expressions for the outage and ergodic capacity of MIMO MRC systems under Rayleigh fading, thereby avoiding the need for time-consuming numerical integrations or Monte Carlo simulations.
Efficient antigen gene transduction using Arg-Gly-Asp fiber-mutant adenovirus vectors can potentiate antitumor vaccine efficacy and maturation of murine dendritic cells. (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs), the most effective antigen-presenting cells, are being studied as adjuvants or antigen delivery vehicles for eliciting T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Gene delivery to DCs provides an intracellular source of antigen for efficient and persistent loading to MHC class I molecules capable of activating CD8(+) CTLs, which play a central role in antitumor immunity. We previously reported that the fiber-mutant adenovirus vector (Ad) harboring the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in the HI loop of its fiber knob could more efficiently transduce the LacZ gene into both murine DC lines and normal human DCs than conventional Ad. In the present study, we compared immunological properties and vaccine efficacy of DC2.4 cells, an immature murine DC line, transduced with an ovalbumin (OVA) gene by fiber-mutant Ad (Ad-RGD-OVA) or conventional Ad (Ad-OVA). Ad-RGD-OVA-infected DC2.4 cells could more efficiently present OVA peptides via MHC class I molecules in a vector particle-dependent manner and induce OVA-specific CTL response by vaccination than Ad-OVA-infected DC2.4 cells. This result was correlated with the efficiency of gene transduction into DC2.4 cells by both types of Ad. Moreover, vaccination with Ad-RGD-OVA-infected DC2.4 cells could achieve an equal or greater antitumor effect against challenge with E.G7-OVA tumor cells with lower doses of Ad on infection or fewer cells for immunization than the vaccination procedure using Ad-OVA-infected DC2.4 cells. In addition, the maturation of DC2.4 cells was promoted by efficient expression of the antigen gene by the Arg-Gly-Asp fiber-mutant Ad. Flow cytometric analysis indicated enhanced expression of MHC class I and II molecules as well as CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD54, and reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed increased levels of interleukin 12 p40 mRNA. However, infection by Ad-OVA or Ad that did not contain the cDNA of interest (Ad-Null and Ad-RGD-Null) contributed little to phenotypical changes in DC2.4 cells. On the basis of these results, we propose that DC manipulation using the Arg-Gly-Asp fiber-mutant Ad system could advance the development of more effective vaccines and allow for more convenient administration of DC-based gene immunotherapy.
Steroid Profiling by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Improves the Positive Predictive Value of Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (2004)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is primarily caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency and leads to an accumulation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and reduced cortisol levels. Newborn screening for CAH is traditionally based on measuring 17-hydroxyprogesterone by different immunoassays. Despite attempts to adjust cutoff levels for birth weight, gestational age, and stress factors, the positive predictive value for CAH screening remains less than 1%. To improve this situation, we developed a method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and cortisol simultaneously in blood spots. A total of 1222 leftover blood spots from six different screening programs using different immunoassays (fluorescent immunoassay and ELISA) were reanalyzed in a blinded fashion by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Thirty-one samples were from babies with CAH, 190 had yielded false-positive results by immunoassay, and the remaining 1001 samples were from babies with normal screening results. Steroid profiling allowed for an elimination of 169 (89%) of the false-positive results and for an improvement of the positive predictive value from the reported 0.5 to 4.7%. Although this method is not suitable for mass screening due to the length of the analysis (12 min), it can be used as a second-tier test of blood spots with positive results for CAH by the conventional methods. This would prevent unnecessary blood draws, medical evaluations, and stress to families.
Radiation Induced Defects in InAs/InAsSb Type II Superlattices Characterized with Time-resolved Microwave Reflectance and DFT. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Structural conventions for group I introns (1987)

Conventions for nomenclature of structural elements and a standard secondary structure representation for group I introns have been established by workers in the field. These conventions are designed to facilitate effective communication of information concerning the structure and function of these self-splicing introns.
Identification of surface chemical functional groups correlated to failure of reverse osmosis polymeric membranes (2000)

The goal of this study is to identify the causes of membrane failure observed during a 15-month operation of a low pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membrane pilot plant to treat a highly organic surface water from the Hillsborough River in Tampa, Florida, using various surface analytical techniques. Three different commercial RO membranes, made of cellulose acetate or polyamide, were used in this pilot study, and all of these membranes showed performance deterioration presumably due to membrane fouling and degradation at given experimental conditions. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of membrane failure, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed on the surface of the polymeric RO membranes used. More specifically, molecular composition including surface functional groups were identified from XPS analysis, confirmed by FTIR, and correlated to membrane failure. In addition, surface morphology and fouling layer composition were determined by SEM/EDS. The results indicated that the cellulose acetate membrane was biologically damaged, while the polyamide membrane was compromised by chlorine oxidation. The biodegradation of cellulose acetate was evidenced by the presence of nitrogen on XPS and FTIR scans. Chlorine uptake shown in XPS and FTIR scans of used polyamide membranes was a good indicator of chemical degradation. This study demonstrated that XPS, combined with FTIR and SEM/EDS, is a valuable diagnostic tool for failure analysis of polymeric RO membranes and provides valuable information to aid the manufacturers in designing better membranes for reverse osmosis.
Conceptual examination of dielectric elastomer for flight control surface actuation (2017)

Dielectric elastomer (DE) is a relatively new transducer technology that uses rubberlike polymers (elastomers) as actuator materials. At the material level, DE actuator has fast speed of response (over 100,000 Hz), with a high strain rate (up to 600%), high pressure (up to 8 MPa), and power density of 1 W/g. Recently, airplanes are payed attention as a new platform for Mars exploration. The Mars airplane must be lightweight to fly using aerodynamic forces in the rarefied Martian atmosphere. Therefore light-weight and high-power actuators are required for the Mars airplane. The advantages of the DE actuators are beneficial for the Mars airplane. The DE actuators have a possibility to be used as actuators for control surfaces of the Mars airplane. This research investigates a feasibility of the DE actuators for the Mars airplane. A structural model of a wing and a control surface with a DE actuator is built. A chord length of the wing is 160 mm, including the control surface of 55 mm. A φ80 mm, diaphragm-shaped DE of 0.1 g is used with a bias voltage of 2.7 kV. The dynamic characteristics of the structural model are measured. The DE actuator generates a moment of 0.13 kgf∙cm on the hinge of the control surface through a linkage.
Tuning and Freezing Disorder in Photonic Crystals using Percolation Lithography (2016)

Although common in biological systems, synthetic self-assembly routes to complex 3D photonic structures with tailored degrees of disorder remain elusive. Here we show how liquids can be used to finely control disorder in porous 3D photonic crystals, leading to complex and hierarchical geometries. In these optofluidic crystals, dynamically tunable disorder is superimposed onto the periodic optical structure through partial wetting or evaporation. In both cases, macroscopic symmetry breaking is driven by subtle sub-wavelength variations in the pore geometry. These variations direct site-selective infiltration of liquids through capillary interactions. Incorporating cross-linkable resins into our liquids, we developed methods to freeze in place the filling patterns at arbitrary degrees of partial wetting and intermediate stages of drying. These percolation lithography techniques produced permanent photonic structures with adjustable disorder. By coupling strong changes in optical properties to subtle differences in fluid behavior, optofluidic crystals may also prove useful in rapid analysis of liquids.
Effects of Atomic-Scale Structure on the Fracture Properties of Amorphous Carbon - Carbon Nanotube Composites (2015)

The fracture of carbon materials is a complex process, the understanding of which is critical to the development of next generation high performance materials. While quantum mechanical (QM) calculations are the most accurate way to model fracture, the fracture behavior of many carbon-based composite engineering materials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, is a multi-scale process that occurs on time and length scales beyond the practical limitations of QM methods. The Reax Force Field (ReaxFF) is capable of predicting mechanical properties involving strong deformation, bond breaking and bond formation in the classical molecular dynamics framework. This has been achieved by adding to the potential energy function a bond-order term that varies continuously with distance. The use of an empirical bond order potential, such as ReaxFF, enables the simulation of failure in molecular systems that are several orders of magnitude larger than would be possible in QM techniques. In this work, the fracture behavior of an amorphous carbon (AC) matrix reinforced with CNTs was modeled using molecular dynamics with the ReaxFF reactive forcefield. Care was taken to select the appropriate simulation parameters, which can be different from those required when using traditional fixed-bond force fields. The effect of CNT arrangement was investigated with three systems: a single-wall nanotube (SWNT) array, a multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) array, and a SWNT bundle system. For each arrangement, covalent bonds are added between the CNTs and AC, with crosslink fractions ranging from 0-25% of the interfacial CNT atoms. The SWNT and MWNT array systems represent ideal cases with evenly spaced CNTs; the SWNT bundle system represents a more realistic case because, in practice, van der Waals interactions lead to the agglomeration of CNTs into bundles. The simulation results will serve as guidance in setting experimental processing conditions to optimize the mechanical properties of CNT composites.
Shear modification of low-density polyethylene: its origin and its effect on the basic rheological functions of the melt (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShear modification of low-density polyethylene: its origin and its effect on the basic rheological functions of the meltP. J. R. Leblans and C. BastiaansenCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 8, 3312–3317Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00198a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00198a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Internal Decapitation (2008)

Patients with occipitocervical dissociation injuries may survive their injury and even retain neurologic integrity. Initial in-line head stabilization is emphasized to prevent catastrophic neurologic injury. The resting osseous relationships and vertebral alignment at the time of imaging evaluation may be deceivingly normal, and the damage often primarily or exclusively involves disruption of the perivertebral soft tissue structures. Prevertebral soft tissue swelling was apparent in all cases. For these injuries that involve primarily damage to the ligamentous structures, MRI seems to be the optimal test for revealing the magnitude of the injury.
Development of an advanced, continuous mild gasification process for the production of co-products (1990)

The primary objective of the EERC/AMAX Mild Gasification project is to commercialize a process that will produce several value-added products from a high-sulfur midwestern bituminous or a low-sulfur subbituminous coal. Indiana No. 3 and Wyodak coals are being tested in a 100-lb/hr process development unit (PDU) that has undergone shakedown testing and is undergoing parametric testing. This unit will provide the engineering data for use in determining the technical and economic data required for the design of a commercial-scale mild gasification plant. This report discusses results of carbonizer tests, char upgrading and char separations. 12 figs., 16 tabs.
Development and assessment of 3-dimensional computed tomography measures of proximal humeral bone density: a comparison to established 2-dimensional measures and intraoperative findings in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty (2021)

This study demonstrates that automated measures of bone density can be obtained from 3D CT scans. Of the three novel 3D measurements of bone density, the humeral metaphysis cancellous measurement was most correlated to the known 2D measures and most correlated to the intraoperative assessment of bone density (delta).
L1CAM is not Associated with Extracellular Vesicles in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid or Plasma (2020)

Abstract Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) present a tremendous opportunity to learn about the biochemistry of brain cells in living patients. L1CAM is a transmembrane protein expressed in neurons that is presumed to be found on NDEVs in human biofluids. Previous studies have used L1CAM immuno-isolation from human plasma to isolate NDEVs for neurodegenerative disease diagnostics. We developed a panel of ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array (Simoa) assays for known EV markers, as well as L1CAM, and applied it to study EVs in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We fractionated plasma and CSF by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and density gradient centrifugation (DGC) to separate EVs from free proteins. We observed that L1CAM did not elute in the EV fractions, but rather eluted in the free protein fractions. We found that L1CAM is present as a free protein in human plasma and CSF, possibly due to proteolytic cleavage and/or alternative splicing. We further demonstrate that the isoforms found in CSF and plasma are different. These data collectively establish that L1CAM in plasma is not EV associated and should therefore not be used for NDEV isolation. Importantly, the framework and tools described herein will allow for evaluation of other potential candidate markers for isolation of NDEVs.
Carbon Nanotube Terahertz Detector (2014)

Terahertz (THz) technologies are promising for diverse areas such as medicine, bioengineering, astronomy, environmental monitoring, and communications. However, despite decades of worldwide efforts, the THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum still continues to be elusive for solid state technology. Here, we report on the development of a powerless, compact, broadband, flexible, large-area, and polarization-sensitive carbon nanotube THz detector that works at room temperature. The detector is sensitive throughout the entire range of the THz technology gap, with responsivities as high as ∼2.5 V/W and polarization ratios as high as ∼5:1. Complete thermoelectric and opto-thermal characterization together unambiguously reveal the photothermoelectric origin of the THz photosignal, triggered by plasmonic absorption and collective antenna effects, and suggest that judicious design of thermal management and quantum engineering of Seebeck coefficients will lead to further enhancement of device performance.
Local and Tunable n→π* Interactions Regulate Amide Isomerism in the Peptoid Backbone (2007)

We report that n→π* interactions are operative in peptoids and play a major role in controlling amide isomerism. These interactions can be tuned using α-chiral amide side chains known to promote peptoid folding. To our knowledge, this is the first report of n→π* interactions between amides in non-prolyl systems. Furthermore, we have characterized an n→π* interaction between backbone carbonyls and side chain aromatic rings that can dramatically stabilize the cis-amides required for peptoid helix formation. The tunability of both types of n→π* interactions in peptoids has significant implications for peptoid folding and could be exploited for the design of new peptoid architectures.
Morphological Transition of the Regular Structure of Poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) at the Interface with Poly(xylenyl ether) (2004)

It has been found that poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS) forms a regular structure and the structure transforms into another regular structure at the interface with poly(xylenyl ether) (PXE). This study examines the order−order transition phenomena with a transition electron microscopy (TEM) and an atomic force microscopy (AFM). According to TEM observations, the thickness of the morphological transition area depends on a temperature and time. In some cases, the thickness of the new regular structure's area could reach 1000 nm. Such phenomena have not been reported yet. A layer of which viscoelasticity changes continuously is observed at the interface of PXE and SBS with an atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the thickness of the layer is almost same as the thickness of the morphology transition layer observed with TEM.
Fast and Robust 3D Reconstruction Solution from Permissive Open-Source Code (2021)

With the growth of access to faster computers and more powerful cameras, the 3D reconstruction of objects has become one of the public's main topics of research and demand. This task is vigorously applied in creating virtual environments, creating object models, and other activities. One of the techniques for obtaining 3D features is photogrammetry, mapping objects and scenarios using only images. However, this process is very costly and can be pretty time-consuming for large datasets. This paper proposes a robust, efficient reconstruction pipeline with a low runtime in batch processing and permissive code. It is even possible to commercialize it without the need to keep the code open. We mix an improved structure from motion algorithm and a recurrent multi-view stereo reconstruction. We also use the Point Cloud Library for normal estimation, surface reconstruction, and texture mapping. We compare our results with state-of-the-art techniques using benchmarks and our datasets. The results showed a decrease of 69.4% in the average execution time, with high quality but a greater need for more images to achieve complete reconstruction.
MICROARRAY ELECTRODES FOR IMPEDANCE IMAGING AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION IN EX-VIVO HUMAN LIVER METASTASES FROM COLORECTAL CANCER (2014)

An image of morphologically distinct regions in resected human liver tissue containing metastatic colorectal cancer was generated using micro-electrical impedance spectroscopy (-EIS), providing quantitative information on tissue properties and structure, reflecting local gradients in electrical conductivity and permittivity. These impedance measurements were able to differentiate between regions of tumor and non-tumor tissue, allowing for the direct inferences of tissue microstructure and disease state. This work consequently provides major advancements toward a microscale instrument for the real time quantitative differentiation of tumor and non-tumor tissues in the surgical field, aiding the surgeon in selecting proper margins, which have proven to be critical in the long term survival of cancer patients.