gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single and multiple frequency fiber lasers (2007)

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document. Single frequency, low intensity noise, widely tunable lasers operating in the 1.5 [...]m region have potential applications in future wavelength division multiplexed optical communications systems, fiber sensor arrays and high resolution spectroscopic measurements. A single frequency fiber laser having these characteristics will be described in detail. The laser cavity contains an erbium doped fiber gain module, fiber isolators to ensure unidirectional travelling wave operation and two fiber Fabry-Perot filters acting in tandem, which provide broadband tunability (1530 nm -1560 nm) combined with stable single frequency operation. Shot noise limited operation of this laser has been observed at frequencies greater than 300 MHz. At lower frequencies (1-300 MHz) the intensity noise has been characterized in terms of sidemode suppression (> 60 dB of minimum sidemode suppression has been realized). Lower still (10 kHz - 1 MHz) the intensity noise is dominated by the laser's relaxation resonance (30 kHz @ 1 mW output, -105 dBc/Hz). The linewidth of this laser has been measured to be less than 4 kHz using a loss compensated recirculating delayed self-heterodyne interferometer (RDSHI). The RDSHI is an improvement over the standard delayed self-heterodyne interferometer in that the effective delay line can be increased by a factor of 30 over the standard method, increasing the resolution by a corresponding amount. The RDSHI also allows measurement of the short term frequency jitter of a laser. In order to reduce laser frequency jitter, the Pound-Drever technique was employed to lock the laser frequency to an external fiber Fabry-Perot. The same technique also permitted the internal mode selection filter to track the laser frequency, completely eliminating residual mode hopping due to thermal length changes of the laser cavity. Finally, fiber laser configurations that allow multiple frequencies to be simultaneously produced in one laser cavity will be described.
Lack of SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Detection among a Convenience Sampling of Ohio Wildlife, Companion, and Agricultural Animals, 2020–2021 (2023)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in humans in late 2019 and spread rapidly, becoming a global pandemic. A zoonotic spillover event from animal to human was identified as the presumed origin. Subsequently, reports began emerging regarding spillback events resulting in SARS-CoV-2 infections in multiple animal species. These events highlighted critical links between animal and human health while also raising concerns about the development of new reservoir hosts and potential viral mutations that could alter the virulence and transmission or evade immune responses. Characterizing susceptibility, prevalence, and transmission between animal species became a priority to help protect animal and human health. In this study, we coalesced a large team of investigators and community partners to surveil for SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and free-ranging animals around Ohio between May 2020 and August 2021. We focused on species with known or predicted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, highly congregated or medically compromised animals (e.g., shelters, barns, veterinary hospitals), and animals that had frequent contact with humans (e.g., pets, agricultural animals, zoo animals, or animals in wildlife hospitals). This included free-ranging deer (<i>n</i> = 76 individuals), free-ranging mink (<i>n</i> = 57), multiple species of bats (<i>n</i> = 59), and other wildlife in addition to domestic cats (<i>n</i> = 275) and pigs (<i>n</i> = 184). In total, we tested 792 individual animals (34 species) via rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was not detected in any of the tested animals despite a major peak in human SARS-CoV-2 cases that occurred in Ohio subsequent to the peak of animal samplings. Importantly, we did not test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this study, which limited our ability to assess exposure. While the results of this study were negative, the surveillance effort was critical and remains key to understanding, predicting, and preventing the re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans or animals.
Systematic dissection of regulatory motifs in 2000 predicted human enhancers using a massively parallel reporter assay (2013)

Genome-wide chromatin annotations have permitted the mapping of putative regulatory elements across multiple human cell types. However, their experimental dissection by directed regulatory motif disruption has remained unfeasible at the genome scale. Here, we use a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to measure the transcriptional levels induced by 145-bp DNA segments centered on evolutionarily conserved regulatory motif instances within enhancer chromatin states. We select five predicted activators (HNF1, HNF4, FOXA, GATA, NFE2L2) and two predicted repressors (GFI1, ZFP161) and measure reporter expression in erythroleukemia (K562) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. We test 2104 wild-type sequences and 3314 engineered enhancer variants containing targeted motif disruptions, each using 10 barcode tags and two replicates. The resulting data strongly confirm the enhancer activity and cell-type specificity of enhancer chromatin states, the ability of 145-bp segments to recapitulate both, the necessary role of regulatory motifs in enhancer function, and the complementary roles of activator and repressor motifs. We find statistically robust evidence that (1) disrupting the predicted activator motifs abolishes enhancer function, while silent or motif-improving changes maintain enhancer activity; (2) evolutionary conservation, nucleosome exclusion, binding of other factors, and strength of the motif match are predictive of enhancer activity; (3) scrambling repressor motifs leads to aberrant reporter expression in cell lines where the enhancers are usually inactive. Our results suggest a general strategy for deciphering cis-regulatory elements by systematic large-scale manipulation and provide quantitative enhancer activity measurements across thousands of constructs that can be mined to develop predictive models of gene expression.
Supplemental Figure 4 from AGS16F Is a Novel Antibody Drug Conjugate Directed against ENPP3 for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 4. Pharmacokinetics of AGS16F. Mice were injected with a single dose of AGS16F.&lt;/p&gt;
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Killing of African Trypanosomes and Sodalis glossinidius , a Bacterial Symbiont of the Insect Vector of Sleeping Sickness (2003)

Nine biochemically distinct cationic antimicrobial peptides were tested in vitro for their effects on bloodstream forms and procyclic (insect) forms of African trypanosomes, the protozoan parasites that cause African sleeping sickness in humans and trypanosomiasis in domestic animals. At low concentrations, one peptide completely inhibited growth of bloodstream forms, one inhibited procyclic forms, and five inhibited both trypanosome life cycle stages. The peptides were also tested on Sodalis glossinidius, a bacterial symbiont of tsetse flies. S. glossinidius was highly resistant to seven of the nine peptides, including both that specifically inhibited either bloodstream or procyclic forms and three of the five that inhibited both trypanosome life cycle stages. The results indicate that several of these peptides may be ideal candidates for therapy of trypanosome infected mammals or for transgenic expression in S. glossinidius as a strategy for inhibiting trypanosome survival, development, and maturation in tsetse and interference with transmission of African sleeping sickness.
Iterative quantum coding systems (2013)

This chapter concerns quantum coding schemes based on iterative decoding. So far, most of the focus of this book has been on quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) that use a relatively small number of qubits, and concatenation thereof. The decoding strategy adopted for these codes consists of identifying the lowest-weight error that is consistent with the syndrome and reversing its effect. The lowest-weight error associated with each syndrome can, in the worst case, be found by exhaustive search and stored in a look-up table for future reference. Each time a syndrome is measured, the appropriate recovery can be rapidly extracted from the table to complete the error-correction cycle.
Bimodal MOS-bipolar monolithic kitchip array (1977)

COMBINED FET/BJT TECHNOLOGIES have recently generated increasing interest’ 5’. This paper will describe fully complementary, combined MOS-bipolar technology optimized for use in a monolithic Kitchip array of unconnected transistors, resistors, and MOS capacitors. The need for high performance integrated circuits is often overriden by their development cost and poor potential for volume production. The Kitchip represents a quick, cost-effective means for bringing IC technology to many of these applications. Prefabricated Kitchip ICs may be transformed into virtually any simple digital or linear circuit configuration by using a single customizing aluminum interconnect pattern. The underlying eight masks defining the Kitchip are never altered.
Measurement of indoor channel characteristics at 20 GHz band (2015)

A high frequency (over 6 GHz) band 5G system with a very high data transmission rate has been the focus of studies recently. One important issue to enable this system is clarifying the propagation characteristics at high frequency (over 6 GHz) bands. This paper presents the channel characteristics at the 20 GHz band for an indoor office environment. Measurements are performed using a channel sounder at the 20 GHz band with a 50-MHz-bandwidth orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal. A 19 dBi horn antenna is rotated in azimuth and elevation on the receiver side in order to measure the Power Delay Profile (PDP) at each angle. By combining all the PDPs, the channel characteristics are estimated as if using an omni-directional antenna. The measured and estimated results show that the path loss values are lower than those in free space. The averages of the delay spread, azimuth angle spread, and elevation angle spread are 60.4 ns, 64.7 degrees, and 3.6 degrees, respectively. The standard deviations of the delay spread, azimuth angle spread, and elevation angle spread are 9.7 ns, 10.7 degrees, and 3.1 degrees, respectively.
Topological Effects of Synaptic Time Dependent Plasticity (2008)

We show that the local Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) rule has the effect of regulating the trans-synaptic weights of loops of any length within a simulated network of neurons. We show that depending on STDP's polarity, functional loops are formed or eliminated in networks driven to normal spiking conditions by random, partially correlated inputs, where functional loops comprise weights that exceed a non-zero threshold. We further prove that STDP is a form of loop-regulating plasticity for the case of a linear network comprising random weights drawn from certain distributions. Thus a notable local synaptic learning rule makes a specific prediction about synapses in the brain in which standard STDP is present: that under normal spiking conditions, they should participate in predominantly feed-forward connections at all scales. Our model implies that any deviations from this prediction would require a substantial modification to the hypothesized role for standard STDP. Given its widespread occurrence in the brain, we predict that STDP could also regulate long range synaptic loops among individual neurons across all brain scales, up to, and including, the scale of global brain network topology.
Metacognitive theories of visual programming: what do we think we are doing? (2002)

The research involved a qualitative and quantitative study of statements made by computer scientists about the ways in which they think that visual programming assists the thought processes of the programmer. This type of metacognitive knowledge has been shown in psychological experiments to have significant effects on performance in cognitive tasks. It is particularly important in the design of programming environments, where HCI factors of the environment constrain the programmer's design behaviour according to the beliefs of the environment designer. The metacognitive knowledge expressed in the visual programming literature is categorised in the paper into a range of micro-theories, the frequency of statements found in each category are compared, and the theoretical assumptions are evaluated in terms of relevant research in cognitive psychology.
Fisheries of the yangtze river show immediate impacts of the three gorges dam (2007)

Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan, Peoples R China; Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA; Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
Proposed hardware implementation of massively parallel cortical automaton networks (1992)

A new connectionist model is presented based on cortical column behaviour, and its simulation studied on a message-passing multiprocessor network. Its properties, such as local and low connectivity, potentially enable massively parallel hardware networks. Simulation results concerning the time required to transfer all the messages between processors within a real time execution are discussed.
Vagal stimulation decreases left ventricular contractility mainly through negative chronotropic effect (1997)

Although an increase in vagal tone is known to slow heart rate (HR), whether it also depresses left ventricular contractility through mechanisms independent of the bradycardic effect remains unknown. The chief aim of this investigation, therefore, was the separation of the observed vagally mediated depression of ventricular contractility into direct and indirect vagal effects, the latter resulting via negative chronotropism. In 12 anesthetized, sympathectomized open-chest rabbits, we measured left ventricular contractility through determination of the end-systolic elastance (Ees). We found that tonic vagal stimulation administered at 0, 5, and 10 Hz decreased both HR (226.9 +/- 39.7, 201.9 +/- 25.7, and 171.3 +/- 18.5 beats/min, respectively; P = 0.0003) and Ees (109.5 +/- 25.7, 85.1 +/- 34.1, and 71.9 +/- 33.1 mmHg/ml, respectively; P = 5 x 10(-6)) in a frequency-dependent fashion. However, we observed that as long as HR was kept constant through fixed-rate atrial pacing, vagal stimulation resulted in little or no change in Ees. Thus we conclude that the negative inotropic effect of vagal stimulation is attributable primarily to its negative chronotropic effect when sympathetic tone is minimal.
Segmented Block Copolymers with Monodisperse Hard Segments: The Influence of H‐Bonding on Various Properties (2009)

Abstract The properties of segmented‐copolymer‐based H‐bonding and non‐H‐bonding crystallisable segments and poly(tetramethylene oxide) segments were studied. The crystallisable segments were monodisperse in length and the non‐hydrogen‐bonding segments were made of tetraamidepiperazineterephthalamide (TPTPT). The polymers were characterised by DSC, FT‐IR, SAXS and DMTA. The mechanical properties were studied by tensile, compression set and tensile set measurements. The TPTPT segmented copolymers displayed low glass transition temperatures ( T g , −70 °C), good low‐temperature properties, moderate moduli ( G ′ ≈ 10–33 MPa) and high melting temperatures (185–220 °C). However, as compared to H‐bonded segments, both the modulus and the yield stress were relatively low. magnified image
Design and Comparative Evaluation of Three-Phase Buck+Boost and Boost+Buck Unity Power Factor PWM Rectifier Systems for Supplying Variable DC Voltage Link Converters (2004)

A three-phase boost+buck PWM rectifier system formed by series connection of a boost-type rectifier input stage and a DC/DC buck converter output stage and a three- phase buck+boost PWM rectifier system comprising a three- switch rectifier input stage with integrated DC/DC boost converter output stage are presented and comparatively evaluated. Both systems are characterized by sinusoidal in- put current and wide output voltage control range. Analyti- cal expressions for the calculation of the current stresses on the power components and results of transistor switching loss measurements are provided as guidelines for the system design. Furthermore, the overall efficiency, the loss contri- butions and the volume and weight of the main components are given for 6kW rated system output power at 400Vrms line-to-line input. In combination with an assessment of the realization effort this provides a basis for the selection of the appropriate topology for an industry application.
Accurate One-Way Delay Estimation With Reduced Client Trustworthiness (2015)

The requirement for accurate one-way delay (OWD) estimation led to the recent introduction of an algorithm enabling a server to estimate OWDs between itself and a client by cooperating with two other servers, requiring neither client-clock synchronization nor client trustworthiness in reporting one-way delays. We evaluate the algorithm by deriving the probability distribution of its absolute error and compare its accuracy with the well-known round-trip halving algorithm. While neither algorithm requires client trustworthiness nor client-clock synchronization, the analysis shows that the new algorithm is more accurate in many situations.
Figure S1 from Preneoplastic Alterations Define CLL DNA Methylome and Persist through Disease Progression and Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CLL and normal B cell comparisons&lt;/p&gt;
Hepatitis C virus genotype-3a core protein enhances sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 activity through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-2 pathway (2010)

Hepatitis C virus genotype-3a (HCV-3a) is directly linked to the development of steatosis. We previously showed that, through sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), HCV-3a core protein upregulates the promoter activity of fatty acid synthase, a major enzyme involved in de novo lipid synthesis. In this study, we investigated whether HCV-3a core can activate SREBP-1 and studied the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-2 pathway in modulating SREBP-1 activity by HCV-3a core. To determine whether HCV-3a core could activate SREBP-1, the level of mature SREBP-1 was analysed by Western blotting. Our results showed that the level of mature SREBP-1 was enhanced by HCV-3a core protein after transient expression and in the chimeric HCV-3a core/1b replicon cells in comparison to controls. To investigate the role of the PI3K-Akt-2 pathway in SREBP-1 activation by HCV-3a core, PI3K and Akt-2 activity was inhibited by using the chemical inhibitor LY294002, a dominant-negative Akt-2 plasmid, or knockdown of Akt-2 by small hairpin RNA. Our results showed that inhibition of PI3K and Akt-2 was associated with reduced SREBP-1 activation by HCV-3a core. These results indicate a role for PI3K and Akt-2 in increasing SREBP-1 activity by HCV-3a core protein and provide a mechanism of steatosis caused by HCV.
Thin-Film Based Microtransformer Suitable for High Switching Frequency Power Applications (2016)

In this paper, the design, the fabrication, and the characterization of on silicon integrated microtransformers will be presented. The microtransformer is suited for power applications at high switching frequency towards to 100 MHz. This device has stable L vs. f characteristic up to 50 MHz. The design is improved regarding to the electrical resistance and current capability. The microtransformer shows an inductivity of about 50 nH and can be applied for current higher than 1 A.
Progressive image transmission applying multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

We investigate different allocation problems in mobile ad hoc networks. The objective is to minimize the power consumption and end-to-end distortion when transmitting images. Therefore, we use progressive image coding in combination with unequal erasure protection. We investigate two different scenarios, independent packet loss events and path loss events. For both cases, the expected distortion for progressive image transmission without error protection as well as for unequal erasure protection has been derived. Also, the expected power consumption for a certain path allocation pattern is obtained. The construction of operational distortion-power curves is presented by optimizing the unequal error protection and extracting the convex hull of all possible path allocation patterns. The profit of applying UEP to the progressively coded image bitstream in a multipath environment is shown. The presented error protection and rate allocation can be used as a framework for studying the allocation problem concerning the tradeoff between power and distortion for progressive image transmission in different multipath environments.
[Preoperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer]. (2013)

In the present study, we evaluated the outcome of preoperative treatment with S-1 and CDDP for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Fifty-five cases of advanced gastric cancer received pre-operative treatment with S-1 and CDDP. The tumor control rate( PR and CR according to RECIST criteria) was 55%. The clinical response and histological response to the treatment and curative resection were closely related to favorable postoperative survival. We noted that patients who demonstrated CR or PR received S-1 as postoperative treatment, whereas those with SD or PD were more likely to receive paclitaxel as postoperative treatment. Preoperative treatment with S-1 and CDDP was not only an effective initial treatment, but also demonstrated favorable results in a S-1 in vivo sensitivity test.
Simultaneous T1 and T2 quantification of the myocardium using cardiac balanced‐SSFP inversion recovery with interleaved sampling acquisition (CABIRIA) (2014)

The proposed CABIRIA method enables simultaneous quantification of myocardial T1 and T2 values with good accuracy and precision.
Residual motion perception in a "motion-blind" patient, assessed with limited-lifetime random dot stimuli (1991)

A neurological patient (L.M.) suffering a specific loss of visual motion perception (Zihl et al., 1983) due to extrastriate cortical damage was studied using random dot "limited-lifetime" stimuli with a direction discrimination task. With a stimulus like that of Newsome and Pare (1988), the patient exhibited a severe deficit for motion perception, only being able to perform well for very high values of coherence. Different versions of the stimulus were employed to separate out the effects of limited lifetime versus the effects of additive noise as coherence was lowered. When all "signal" dots had a fixed, specified value of lifetime, and varying percentages of "noise" dots were added, the patient showed a profound deficit. In contrast, a stimulus consisting of no noise dots at all, and signal dots having fixed values of lifetime, revealed relatively good performance for surprisingly brief dot lifetimes. Thus, it is the presence of noisy, incoherent dot motion, rather than brief lifetimes, that causes such poor performance on the stimulus of Newsome and Pare (1988). Most surprising was the finding that the presence of even very small percentages of stationary noise dots was sufficient to disrupt totally direction discrimination of moving signal dots. The findings reported here suggest that one major role of extrastriate cortical processing might be the interpretation of stimuli that suffer from an impaired signal-to-noise ratio; the most commonly encountered form of "noise" would presumably be contamination by irrelevant directional spatio-temporal frequency components.