gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Dynamic Shape Memory Alloy Actuator for Fast Moving Soft Robots (2019)

Abstract Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are popular as actuators for soft bioinspired robots because they are naturally compliant, have high work density, and can be operated using miniaturized on‐board electronics for power and control. However, SMA actuators typically exhibit limited bandwidth due to the long duration of time required for the alloy to cool down and return to its natural shape and compliance following electrical actuation. This challenge is addressed by constructing SMA‐based actuators out of thermally conductive elastomers and examining the influence of electrical current and actuation frequency on blocking force, bending amplitude, and operating temperature. The actuator is composed of a U‐shape SMA wire that is sandwiched between layers of stretched and unstretched thermal elastomer. Based on the studies, the ability is demonstrated to create a highly dynamic soft actuator that weighs 3.7 g, generates a force of ≈0.2 N, bends with curvature change of ≈60 m −1 in 0.15 s, and can be activated with a frequency above 0.3 Hz with a pair of miniature 3.7 V lithium–polymer batteries. Together, these properties allow the actuator to be used as an “artificial muscle” for a variety of tethered and untethered soft robotic systems capable of fast dynamic locomotion.
Synthesis and characterization of norbornane‐containing cardo polyamides (1999)

A new diamine, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]norbornane (BAPN), containing both ether and norbornane cardo groups, was synthesized in three steps started from norcamphor. A series of cardo polyamides were obtained by the direct polycondensation of BAPN and various aromatic dicarboxylic acids in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. Polyamides had inherent viscosities in the range of 0.82–1.58 dL g−1, and were readily soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as NMP, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. These polymers were cast in DMAc solution into transparent, flexible, and tough films that were further characterized by X-ray and mechanical analysis. All the polymers were amorphous, and the polyamide films had a tensile strength range of 71–89 MPa, an elongation at break range of 5–9%, and a tensile modulus range of 2.0–2.3 GPa. Polyamides showed glass transition temperatures in the range of 256–296°C as measured by DSC and thermogravimetric analysis indicated no weight loss below 450°C in nitrogen and air atmosphere. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2791–2794, 1999
Fisher Information Analysis of Depth-of-Interaction Estimation in Double-Sided Strip Detectors (2014)

In very-high-spatial-resolution gamma-ray imaging applications, such as preclinical PET and SPECT, estimation of 3D interaction location inside the detector crystal can be used to minimize parallax error in the imaging system. In this work, we investigate the effect of bias voltage setting on depth-of-interaction (DOI) estimates for a semiconductor detector with a double-sided strip geometry. We first examine the statistical properties of the signals and develop expressions for likelihoods for given gamma-ray interaction positions. We use Fisher Information to quantify how well (in terms of variance) the measured signals can be used for DOI estimation with different bias-voltage settings. We performed measurements of detector response versus 3D position as a function of applied bias voltage by scanning with highly collimated synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Experimental and theoretical results show that the optimum bias setting depends on whether or not the estimated event position will include the depth of interaction. We also found that for this detector geometry, the z-resolution changes with depth.
Group A streptococci resistant to clindamycin. (1970)

tered by artificially ventilating the patient on this circuit.For this reason I chose for my example the much more widely used situation in which the vaporizer is outside the circuit.A fresh gas flow rate of 2 1. /min.was selected for comparison with higher flows, as this is the lowest flow which can be used without having to make a large adjustment to the halothane concentration for dilution by gases already in the circuit.In addition, the commonly used Fluotec Mark 2 becomes inaccurate below flows of 2 1./min., but this particular problem has now been overcome by the-development of the Fluotec Mark 3 which is stated to be accurate down to flows of 250ml./min.Leak-proof apparatus is important for all anaesthetic circuits, and its importance increases as the fresh gas flow entering the circuit decreases.I therefore am quite unrepentant in asking for leak-proof cir- cuits.One point in Dr. J. R. J. Beddard's letter (18 April, p. 176) needs correcting.It has been shown that 5-6 (not 10-15) 1. per minute is adequate to eliminate carbon dioxide from the alveoli on the Magill circuit in both the spontaneously breathing' and the ventilated patient.2Finally, I hope that this article has done something to encourage the more economic practice of anaesthesia, but fear that too much apathy exists in the profession for there to be any great impact.
Visualizing Search Results as Web Conversations (2009)

The user experience on the World Wide Web has radically changed in recent years into a participatory model. Users can now attach comments, tags, bookmarks, ratings to different kinds of web content such as news articles, blog-posts, online videos, etc. Thus conversations, both implicit and explicit, develop around web content providing valuable context for web search results. This paper advocates a conversational approach to visualizing web search results where each link resulting from a web search is considered the central artifact of a web conversation. Using websites like del.icio.us and Digg, this artifact is augmented with tags, comments, ratings along with the people who provided them. We have developed a system where search results from Google Search are visualized as a social network of web conversations. The visualization allows a user to see the rich inter-linking between tags, links and people, and the conversational relevance of each search result, thereby facilitating exploratory search. Currently, our system augments web search results from Google with meta-data (i.e. people, tags, notes) from del.icio.us. Categories and Subject Descriptors
37.5-km Urban Field Trial of OFDMA-PON using Colorless ONUs with Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation and TCM (2014)

An OFDMA-PON field trial using coherent detection in upstream and direct detection in downstream on 37.5 km feeder fiber is demonstrated. A power budget supporting 32 cost-effective colorless ONUs with dynamic bandwidth allocation is reported.
Study of Creep Settlement of Driven H-piles in Loading Tests (2022)

In Hong Kong, the maximum test load is required to be maintained constant for 72 hours during loading tests of piles according to the loading test procedures in the Code of Practice for Foundations 2017. Such a long duration of maintained loading is uncommon in pile loading tests overseas. In the paper, the behaviour of driven H-piles under maintained loading will be studied using creep settlements measured during the 72 hours of maintained loading of piles from various sites in Hong Kong. The reason for such a long period of maintained loading is not discussed in the literature. The paper aims to address the more fundamental issues of (a) usefulness of maintained loading if any, (b) whether it is meaningful to conduct maintained loading at peak test load and (b) whether the period of maintained loading can be reduced the time needed for loading test.
First-line therapy of T-cell lymphoma: Allogeneic or autologous transplantation for consolidation—Final results of the AATT study. (2019)

7503 Background: In patients (pts) with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) results of first-line therapy remain poor; guidelines recommend consolidation with autologous transplantation (autoSCT) in transplant-eligible pts. AATT (Autologous or Allogeneic Transplantation in T-cell lymphoma) sought to improve first-line therapy and compared alloSCT with autoSCT. Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial comparing autoSCT with alloSCT in younger pts (18-60 yrs) with newly diagnosed PTCL who had achieved CR, PR, or SD after 4 courses of CHOEP and 1 course of DHAP. Pts were to receive BEAM followed by autoSCT or myeloablative conditioning (fludarabine, busulfan, cyclophosphamide) followed by alloSCT from a matched related or unrelated donor. Primary endpoint was 3-year event-free survival (EFS). The study was stopped prematurely after a pre-planned interim analysis (JCO 33, 2015, suppl 8507a). Results: 103 pts randomized upfront to autoSCT (n=54) or alloSCT (n=49) formed the full analysis set. Median age was 50 years, 63% were male. 36 pts (35%) could not proceed to transplantation mostly due to early progression. Median observation time for EFS was 42 months. 3-year EFS and overall survival (OS) did not significantly differ between alloSCT and autoSCT (EFS: 43% (95% CI29-57%) vs. 38% (25-52%), p=0.58, OS: 57% (43-71%) vs. 70% (57-82%) (p=0.41). Comparing pts who actually received autoSCT (n=41) or alloSCT (n=26) EFS, PFS, and OS also showed no significant difference. No patient relapsed but eight pts (31%) died of treatment-related mortality (TRM) after alloSCT compared to 13 relapses (36%) but no TRM observed after autoSCT. Comparison of pts with aaIPI 2/3 vs. 0/1 showed significant differences for all endpoints. Conclusions: AlloSCT or autoSCT given to consolidate response in pts with PTCL showed no significant survival differences. While exerting a strong GvL-effect alloSCT resulted in substantial TRM. For younger pts with PTCL autoSCT remains the preferred consolidation, in particular, because pts. relapsing after autoSCT can be successfully salvaged with alloSCT. Clinical trial information: 2007-001052-39.
5-Azacytidine-induced uncoupling of differentiation and tumorigenicity in a murine cell line. (1984)

Highly tumorigenic, myogenically defective T984-15 murine cells were treated with the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-azaC). In response to drug treatment, T984-15 cells formed colonies that were myosin-positive and contained fused myotubes. When cloned, these differentiated colonies gave rise to cells that maintained their myogenic potential even after prolonged growth in tissue culture. The myogenic differentiation observed in response to 5-azaC treatment was not the result of selection of a preexisting myogenic subpopulation, inasmuch as treatment of a subcloned population of nondifferentiating cells with 5-azaC also resulted in the induction of myogenesis. In addition to inducing myogenic potential, 5-azaC generally suppressed the tumorigenic potential of the treated cells. Whereas 19 of 19 untreated T984-15 clones when injected into BALB/c nude mice produced tumors, 8 of 9 of the 5-azaC-treated clones injected displayed suppressed tumorigenicity under identical conditions. Tumorigenic suppression, however, was independent of the induction of differentiation: 1 myogenic clone remained tumorigenic and 5 clones whose tumorigenic potential was suppressed were nonmyogenic. Thus treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-azaC not only affected the expression of differentiated and tumorigenic phenotypes but also dissociated their usually coordinate regulation.
Large Scale, Multiple, Optical Code-Label Generation and Processing Based on Multi-Port, Tuneable Spectrum Synthesizer and Electro-Optic Frequency Comb Generator (2006)

80 different optical-code (OC)-labels are generated simultaneously using an optical spectrum synthesizer (OSS) and multi-wavelength electro-optic frequency comb generator. 40 parallel matched-filtering is performed by an OSS. Its application to optical CDMA is also demonstrated.
Integration Points of Operating System Verification Techniques (2015)

In this work the problem of high quality verification techniques applicable for operating systems is formulated. A perspective approach to solve this problem is integration of various verification methods. The solution technique can be considered successful if it allows to check the whole operating system and to verify in more accurate way the most important functions and components of the system, using more strict and formal methods for it. Based on the ISP RAS experience in operating system verification projects conducted using various verification techniques we determine development artefacts, that can be suitable integration point candidates for integration of formal specification based static and dynamic verification techniques for operating systems.
Serum Levels of the Immune Activation Marker Neopterin Change With Age and Gender and Are Modified by Race, BMI, and Percentage of Body Fat (2010)

The association of age and gender with neopterin levels and their modification by race, BMI, or %fat reflect the biology underlying chronic immune activation and perhaps gender differences in disease incidence, morbidity, and mortality.
Electrically injected thin-film InGaAsP microdisk lasers integrated on a Si-wafer (2006)

We report on electrically pumped lasing in a microdisk cavity defined in an InGaAsPbased thin film bonded on top of a silicon wafer. The top metal contact is placed in the centre of the disk, whereas the bottom contacting is done by means of a thin lateral contacting layer. In order to avoid large optical absorption in p-type contact layers, a tunnel junction was used in combination with two n-type contacts. Lasing was observed in pulsed regime with a current threshold as low as 0.55mA, for microdisks with a diameter of 6μm.
Novel approach to laser Doppler measurement of pulpal blood flow (1997)

A modified laser Doppler flowmetry technique that significantly improves the performance of the current technique in measuring pulpal blood flow is described. A preliminary model demonstrates that, by using a forward-scattered geometry, the detected signal will have a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and calibration capacity. The forward-scattered signal is readily detectable because teeth are relatively thin organs with moderate optical loss. Preliminary experiments comparing forward-scattered detection with conventional back-scattered detection were carried out using an extracted, perfused human molar. The results showed that: (1) the existing back-scattering method produced readings that fluctuated by as much as 187% in response to small changes in sensor position relative to the tooth and (2) the forward-scattered method produced consistent readings (within 10%) that were independent of the sensor position, a signal-to-noise ratio that was at least 5.6 times higher than that obtained by the back-scattering method, and a linear response to flow rate. The results validated the findings of the preliminary model and clearly showed the superiority of the forward-scattering geometry.
Intra-Nasally Administered Oligopeptide Lunasin Acts as a Possible Anti-Psychotic Agent in Mice Models (2019)

<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Previously we have shown that synthetic lunasin, a 43 amino acid residue-containing peptide, after its central (intracisternal) administration in mice demonstrated antagonism against dopaminergic drug behavioural effects, indicating a putative antipsychotic/anti-schizophrenic profile of lunasin. The aims of the present studies were: to test whether lunasin would show an influence on the dopaminergic system after intranasal administration, and to examine the effect(s) of lunasin on serotonin and glutamatergic systems, which could play an essential role in antipsychotic action. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Lunasin was administered intra-nasally at doses 0.1 and 1 nmol/mouse in ICR mice (<i>n</i> = 7-8) and tested in an open field on hyperlocomotion caused by amphetamine; serotonin 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)- 2-aminopropane (DOI); and glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine. Following behavioural testing, the contents of neurotransmitters and their metabolites in brain hemispheres (<i>n</i> = 6-8) were assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mas-spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS) method. Also, lunasin binding to serotonin receptors was assessed. <i>Results:</i> Lunasin intra-nasally fully normalized hyper-locomotion and brain monoamine levels in amphetamine- and DOI-treated mice brains. Phencyclidine behavioural effects were not influenced. In vitro receptor binding data demonstrated a low affinity of lunasin (at µM concentrations) compared with DOI (nM concentrations) for the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors. <i>Conclusions:</i> These results demonstrated, for the first time, that the intranasal administration of oligopeptide lunasin normalized mice behaviour and brain monoamine levels in experimental psychosis mice models. Its neuro-regulatory effects indicated a usefulness of this peptide molecule for the design of novel psychotropic agents.
Iris Recognition in Postmortem Enucleated Eyes (2020)

This paper presents a comprehensive multispectral study of iris recognition on postmortem enucleated eyes over a period of three days. An off the shelf iris recognition methodology is employed to analyze the biometric capability of iris in the post mortem setting. We observed that iris patterns of enucleated eyes can provide biometric matches with no false accepts for up to 164 hours after death, albeit with high false rejection rates. We also present our observations on the effects of the environment and other confounding factors that may affect the performance of postmortem iris recognition, with recommendations for rehy-dration of specimen to regain postmortem biometric utility.
The hydration and transformation of vanadyl pyrophosphate (2005)

The reaction of vanadyl pyrophosphate, (VO)2P2O7, with water was carried out at various temperatures and pressures in an autoclave and the resulting hydration products characterized using elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The hydration products were strongly dependent on the reaction conditions. At 150 °C (VO)3(PO4)2·6H2O was formed; at 200 °C VOHPO4·0.5H2O; and at ≥250 °C a phosphorus deficient, vanadium(III) phosphate (V1.23(PO4)(OH)0.69(H2O)0.31·0.33H2O or V5.12(PO4)4(OH)3.36(H2O)0.64·0.84H2O) was found to be the main product. The addition of 1-propanol to the reaction promotes the transformation of (VO)2P2O7 to the phosphorus deficient, vanadium(III) phosphate and the transformation to this phase is described in terms of the formation of extended glide shear defects due to the loss of lattice oxygen as well as the removal of phosphorus species from the catalyst lattice.
The influence of porosity on the Phillips Cr/silica catalyst 2. Polyethylene elasticity (2008)

Abstract The Phillips Cr/silica catalyst produces low levels of long chain branching (LCB) in polyethylene, which have a powerful influence on industrial molding behavior. Although many catalyst and reactor variables determine the degree of LCB, perhaps the most significant of these is the morphology of the silica support. In this study many different types of silicas were converted into Cr/silica catalysts, which were tested in ethylene polymerization, and the resultant polymer elasticity was then determined. In some experiments, the surface area of the catalyst seemed to correlate quite well with polymer elasticity. In other tests, however, no connection with surface area was evident but the pore volume was quite influential. Together, all these studies suggest that it is the degree of structural reinforcement of the silica matrix, rather than any one physical measurement of porosity, that influences elasticity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 845–865, 2009
Self-interference-tolerant Frequency Offset Estimation Technique for IM/DD-based OFDMA-PON Systems (2017)

A self-interference tolerant Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) and Sampling Frequency Offset (SFO) estimation technique is described for compensation of these impairment effects in passive optical networks (PONs) using orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). Self-interference is due to CFO and SFO, as well as due to decoding of partial sub bands. The algorithm estimates the channel impulse response (CIR) based on training symbols added to the data frames header and is simple to process. Simulation and measurement results are presented as a proof-of-concept, as well as an indication of the achievable performance in presence of these real-world impairment effects.
Why is it difficult to wash aphids off from superhydrophobic kale? (2016)

Many varieties of the cabbage family have leaves covered with superhydrophobic epicuticular wax, which provides them with self-cleaning characteristics. Since the wax also lowers insect adhesion, rinsing of the leaves with water should be an effective way of removing the insects. Conversely, we report that superhydrophobicity of tuscan kale increases resistance of aphids to hydrodynamic removal. The exterior surface of the insects is also superhydrophobic and acts as an extension of the leaf's surface. As a result even at moderate impact velocities impinging water drops cannot penetrate under the pests. Consequently, liquid impact aids the insect's adhesion by increasing the normal compressive forces they experience. We show that on a hydrophilic arugula leaf this mechanism is absent, and aphids can be easily washed off with water, as it is able to penetrate underneath them. As for removal of aphids from Tuscan kale, we show that lower surface tension liquids, such as oils and soapy water are more effective, because they are able to wet both the plant and insect surfaces. We also show that aerodynamic removal of aphids consisting of simply exposing the invaded leaf to an air flow is most effective.
A review of near infrared photon emission microscopy and spectroscopy (2005)

Near infrared photon emission microscopy is an established fault localization technique for microelectronic failure analysis. Near infrared photon spectroscopy has the potential to become a useful defect characterization technique. In this paper, near infrared photon emission microscopy and spectroscopy are reviewed together with the instrumentation developments that allow these techniques to be effectively deployed for microelectronic failure analysis. The measurement results from pn junctions and saturated MOSFETs are correlated with the various photon emission mechanisms. Additional information that can be obtained from NIR systems over visible systems are also presented.
CD95 (APO-1/Fas) induces activation of SAP kinases downstream of ICE-like proteases. (1996)

Triggering of CD95 (APO-1/Fas) on different T- and B-cell lines resulted in the induction of a number of kinases (35 kDa, 38 kDa, 46 kDa and 54 kDa) that phosphorylate c-Jun and to a lesser extent Histone H1. Activation of these kinases was independent of protein biosynthesis and preceded apoptotic DNA degradation. The kinase activation pattern was specific for CD95 triggering since a variety of physical or chemical inducers of T- and B-cell apoptosis activated different kinases. The kinase activities at 46 and 54 kDa contained members of the stress-activated family of protein kinases (JNK/SAPK). Activation of the CD95-specific set of kinases was prevented by treating cells with the ICE-inhibiting peptide N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD-fmk) or by overexpression of the cow pox virus serpin CrmA. However, despite inhibition of ICE-like proteases the death signal was readily initiated at the cell membrane since a CD95 death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) was formed. Thus, our results demonstrate that ICE-like proteases in the CD95 pathway function downstream of the DISC but upstream of SAP kinases.