gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: (1R,1R′)‐2‐exo‐Mercapto‐2′‐thioxo‐3‐exo,3′‐exo‐bibornane, 2‐Dehydro‐2, 2′‐exo‐epidithio‐3,3′‐bibornane and 2‐endo,2′‐exo‐Epidithio‐3,3′‐ bibornanylidene. Potential Antiviral Agents. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LRRK2 and the Stress Response: Interaction with MKKs and JNK-Interacting Proteins (2010)

Increasing evidence supports a putative link between LRRK2 function and the MAP kinase cascades. We recently demonstrated that LRRK2 binds to MKK6, -3, and -7. Previous studies demonstrated that scaffold proteins are essential in the regulation of subcellular localization of stress kinase complexes. The c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting proteins (JIPs) are a group of scaffold proteins that play an important role in the regulation of MAP kinase signaling cascades. JIP1-3 are known to regulate the specificity and localization of the JNK pathway, while JIP4 is a specific scaffolding protein for the p38 pathway. We demonstrate that LRRK2 binds to JIP1-4, and is associated with increased levels of total JIP1, -3, -4, oligomeric JIP and ubiquitinated JIP. These results are consistent with a putative role of LRRK2 in regulating the stress kinase cascade.
Mechanisms of Vessel Branching (2009)

Filopodia, "the fingers that do the walking," have been identified on endothelial cells at the tip of sprouting vessels for half a century, but the key role of the tip cell in vessel branching has been recognized only in the past few years. A model is emerging, whereby tip cells lead the way in a branching vessel, stalk cells elongate the sprout, and a very recently discovered phalanx cell ensures quiescence and perfusion of the newly formed branch. Recent genetic studies have shed light on the molecular signature of these distinct endothelial phenotypes; this provides a novel conceptual framework of how vessel morphogenesis occurs. Here, we will discuss the molecular candidates that participate in the decision of endothelial cells to adapt these distinct fates and highlight the emerging insights on how these cells send out filopodia while navigating.
Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption Study of the ProDisc-L Total Disc Replacement Compared with Circumferential Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Two-Level Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (2011)

Despite the relatively short duration of follow-up and design limitations, the present study suggests that two-level lumbar disc arthroplasty is an alternative to and offers clinical advantages in terms of pain relief and functional recovery in comparison with arthrodesis. Longer-term follow-up is needed to determine the risks for implant wear and/or degenerative segment changes.
Basement Membrane Production by Hepatocytes in Chronic Liver Disease (1984)

The immunohistologic distribution of fibronectin, laminin, type IV collagen and whole basement membrane was evaluated in liver biopsies from patients with chronic active liver disease. Fibronectin was consistently increased in the areas of piecemeal necrosis, portal tracts and fibrous septa. Laminin was not detected in normal liver parenchyma. In contrast, laminin positive linear basement membrane structures were prevalent in portal tracts, fibrous septa and the peripheral sinusoids of cirrhotic nodules. In areas of piecemeal necrosis, the hepatocytes, single or assembled in "rosettes", were frequently underlined by linear deposits of laminin and type IV collagen. This immunoreactivity was often polarized, being confined to the stromal side of liver cells, while the parenchymal side was negative for both proteins. Electron microscopy revealed a typical basement membrane in corresponding areas. Hepatocytes normally do not produce a basement membrane, but do so following chronic injury. We suggest that the polarized basement membrane accumulation by hepatocytes is a hallmark of hepatocyte regeneration following damage.
Supplemental Figure 6 from ADCT-301, a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Dimer–Containing Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Targeting CD25-Expressing Hematological Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In vivo efficacy in Ramos disseminated model. Kaplan Meier survival plots of disseminated CD25-negative Ramos model&lt;/p&gt;
Loss and recovery of hydrophobicity on RTV coating surfaces (1994)

Studies are reported on decay and recovery of hydrophobic properties on clean and contaminated surfaces of silicone rubber based RTV coating. Treatment that led to hydrophobicity losses were water immersion and water condensation with and without a presence of dc electric field. Contact angles (receding angles) and surface leakage currents were measured on the treated surfaces. A suppression of the leakage current was observed and its link to the diffusion of the low molecular weight fraction from the polymer bulk and dry band arcing is discussed. Attempts aiming to restore the lost hydrophobic properties are also described. As a means of recovery, resting at ambient atmosphere, under UV irradiation, and in vacuum at elevated temperature, was applied. The efficiencies were verified through measurements of receding angles, surface leakage currents, and thermally stimulated depolarization currents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Linear and Nonlinear Rheological Behavior of Fibrillar Methylcellulose Hydrogels (2015)

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering recently have revealed that the well-known thermoreversible gelation of methylcellulose (MC) in water is due to the formation of fibrils, with a diameter of 15 ± 2 nm. Here we report that both the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic response of MC solutions and gels can be described by a filament-based mechanical model. In particular, large-amplitude oscillatory shear experiments show that aqueous MC materials transition from shear thinning to shear thickening behavior at the gelation temperature. The critical stress at which MC gels depart from the linear viscoelastic regime and begin to stiffen is well predicted from the filament model over a concentration range of 0.18-2.0 wt %. These predictions are based on fibril densities and persistence lengths obtained experimentally from neutron scattering, combined with cross-link spacings inferred from the gel modulus via the same model.
Ultrafast light manipulation by using nonlinear chiral meta-mirror (2020)

dWe demonstrate a nonlinear chiral meta-mirror consisting of an array of amorphous silicon split-ring resonators on top of a silver backplane with a silica spacer layer. This hybrid dielectric-plasmonic system can enhance Mie-resonance to result in strong light-matter interaction on the nanometer scale. The chiral meta-mirror exhibits a sharp absorption on one handedness of the circular polarization, and reflects the opposite handedness in a manner that preserves its polarization state in the linear regime. We show that the chiroptical responses can be tuned dynamically by leveraging photoexcited carriers in amorphous silicon. All optical, picosecond scale intensity modulation and polarization switching are studied.
Cystamine increases l‐cysteine levels in Huntington's disease transgenic mouse brain and in a PC12 model of polyglutamine aggregation (2004)

Cystamine, a small disulfide-containing chemical, is neuroprotective in a transgenic mouse and a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease (HD) and decreases huntingtin aggregates in an in vitro model of HD. The mechanism of action of cystamine in these models is widely thought to involve inhibition of transglutaminase mediated cross-linking of mutant huntingtin in the process of aggregate formation/stabilization. In this study we show that cystamine, both in vitro and in a transgenic mouse model of HD (R6/2), increases levels of the cellular antioxidant L-cysteine. Several oxidative stress markers increase in HD brain. We provide further evidence of oxidative stress in mouse HD by demonstrating compensatory responses in R6/2 HD brains. We found age-dependent increases in forebrain glutathione (GSH), and increased levels of transcripts coding for proteins involved in GSH synthesis and detoxification pathways, as revealed by quantitative PCR analysis. Given the general importance of oxidative stress as a mediator of neurodegeneration we propose that an increase in brain L-cysteine levels could be protective in HD. Furthermore, cystamine was dramatically protective against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal injury in mice. We suggest that cystamine's neuroprotective effect in HD transgenic mice results from pleiotropic effects that include transglutaminase inhibition and antioxidant activity.
Towards Crossbar Nanoarray Structure via Microcontact Printing (2008)

The method for patterning arrays of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT's) in symmetric patterns to form junctions has been demonstrated. This has been achieved by incorporating the technique of microcontact printing using poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. Relief structures in the order of a few micrometers were fabricated that enabled the transfer of continuous horizontal arrays of MWCNT's in aqueous suspension in a controlled manner. The MWCNT's were patterned onto silicon microelectrode substrates with metallic gold electrodes. These were fabricated using standard photolithography techniques. The silicon substrates served as a base platform with suitable measurement microelectrodes for electrically characterizing the crossbar junction arrays. Using a dual alignment and stamping process, PDMS molds were inked alternatively with p-type and n-type suspensions of MWCNT's and transferred in a grid-like manner onto the base platform. Parallel alignment of the MWCNT's was achieved due to the geometry of the mold relief structures. This step-by-step assembly resulted in the formation of crossbar MWCNT array structures. Each of these crosspoints in the individual junction can function as an addressable crossbar nanodevice. The functionality of this circuit was demonstrated through the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Using these high-density crossarray circuit patterns, addressable nanostructures that form the building blocks of highly integrated device arrays can be built.
High Plasma Norepinephrine Levels Associated with .BETA.2-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms Predict Future Renal Damage in Nonobese Normotensive Individuals (2007)

Renal injury is common in obesity and hypertension. In the present study, we examined relationships between renal function alterations, plasma norepinephrine (NE), and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms in a longitudinal design over 5 years. In 219 nonobese, normotensive men with entry-normal renal function, we measured serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, creatinine clearance, plasma NE, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass, and blood pressure (BP) annually for 5 years. beta2 (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu)-adrenoceptor polymorphisms were determined. The subjects were stable in body weight and BP (<10%) for 5 years. High plasma NE was defined as > or =mean+1 SD at entry. Thirty-seven subjects had entry-high plasma NE and 182 were entry-normal. Entry-high plasma NE subjects had significantly greater total body fat mass and plasma NE and significantly lower creatinine clearance at entry and throughout the study. Increases in BMI, fat mass, BP, plasma NE, BUN, and creatinine, as well as the reduction in creatinine clearance in the 5 years, were significantly greater in entry-high NE subjects. These subjects had significantly higher frequencies of the Gly16 allele of beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms. Throughout the study, subjects carrying the Gly16 allele had higher plasma NE, HOMA-IR, and fat mass, and significantly greater reductions in creatinine clearance. Plasma NE at entry was a determinant variable for changes in BUN, creatinine, and creatinine clearance over the 5-year period in multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, high plasma NE at entry, associated with the Gly16 allele of the beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms, predict renal function deterioration (seen in elevations of BUN and creatinine and reduction of creatinine clearance) over a 5-year period accompanying further heightened sympathetic nerve activity and deterioration of insulin resistance.
Integrated Optics Interdigitated-Electrode Switches (1986)

Issued as Progress reports [nos. 1-6], Semi-annual reports [nos. 1-2], and Final report, Project no. E-21-520
Statistical thermodynamic interpretation of sorption/dilation behavior of gases in silicone rubber (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStatistical thermodynamic interpretation of sorption/dilation behavior of gases in silicone rubberD. S. Pope, I. C. Sanchez, W. J. Koros, and G. K. FlemingCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 8, 1779–1783Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00008a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00008a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep Reinforcement Learning with Enhanced Safety for Autonomous Highway\n Driving (2019)

In this paper, we present a safe deep reinforcement learning system for\nautomated driving. The proposed framework leverages merits of both rule-based\nand learning-based approaches for safety assurance. Our safety system consists\nof two modules namely handcrafted safety and dynamically-learned safety. The\nhandcrafted safety module is a heuristic safety rule based on common driving\npractice that ensure a minimum relative gap to a traffic vehicle. On the other\nhand, the dynamically-learned safety module is a data-driven safety rule that\nlearns safety patterns from driving data. Specifically, the dynamically-leaned\nsafety module incorporates a model lookahead beyond the immediate reward of\nreinforcement learning to predict safety longer into the future. If one of the\nfuture states leads to a near-miss or collision, then a negative reward will be\nassigned to the reward function to avoid collision and accelerate the learning\nprocess. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework in a\nsimulation environment with varying traffic density. Our results show the\nsuperior capabilities of the policy enhanced with dynamically-learned safety\nmodule.\n
Automated c‐Met membrane to cytoplasm translocation score predicts shorter survival time in stage I and II colon cancer patients (2007)

c‐Met receptor tyrosine kinase expression is deregulated in many cancers and is associated with tumor progression and metastases. Semi‐quantitative IHC methods fail to capture its subcellular expression patterns, which may determine prognosis. We applied a novel tissue image segmentation and quantification method to c‐Met on stage I‐stage IV colon cancer patients. Simultaneous detection of extracellular c‐Met domain, cell membrane and nuclei on TMAs from 583 patients was achieved using CY5 labeled c‐Met, CY‐2‐pan‐cadherin, and DAPI. Using curvature and intensity based segmentation, membrane and nuclear regions were segmented, and epithelial and stromal regions were separated. Probability distributions of membrane, nuclei and cytoplasm c‐Met were determined, and an automated scoring algorithm assigned c‐Met scores to each compartment. An optimal score threshold separating patients into two groups with maximum difference in survival was calculated using a training and test data set. Lower membrane to cytoplasm c‐Met score was a significant predictor of shorter survival in stage I (Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.16, p=0.006) and stage II (HR=0.34, p=0.001) patients. We demonstrate for the first time the value of measuring relative expression of c‐Met in membrane and cytoplasm for prediction of survival in stage I and II colon cancer patients.
Joint optimum message length and generator polynomial selection in cyclic redundancy check (CRC) coding (2011)

Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs) are extensively used for effective error detection in communication systems. Previous studies evaluate the performance of CRC generator polynomials solely based on their Undetectable Error (UE) criterion without taking retransmission and overhead dynamics into account. In this paper, we study CRC coding performance by introducing a cross layer goodput performance criterion which takes CRC generator polynomial, message length, application UE tolerance, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) parameters into account. Goodput of a communication link is analyzed under varying network conditions to demonstrate that our proposed framework can be effectively used to select the best performing CRC generator polynomial along with the optimum message length.
EM Programmer's Notebook - Scan Impedance for An Infinite Dipole Array: Hansen's Formulas Compared with Ansoft HFSS Simulations (2007)

The present study reviews some results for the well-known case of an infinite array of center-fed strip dipoles above a ground plane. No dielectric sheet is considered. In particular, we are interested in the test of simple equations for the scan (or active) impedance given by R. C. Hansen in his monograph [1, pp. 236-238]. The analytical method used in this study is the canonical Floquet expansion approach. It leads us to the results obtained by Oliner and Malech [2] and Stark [3], and allows us to establish the domain of validity for Hansen's formulas. Simultaneously, we compared the analytical data with Ansoft <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HFSS</i> simulations, which use the periodic boundary conditions for a vertical unit cell. It was found that the agreement was acceptable for the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</i> -plane scan, but the results may be significantly different for other scan planes.
Polyethylene, High Density (2005)

Abstract Polyethylene (PE) is the most widely used plastic throughout the world, and high density polyethylene (HDPE) is the most widely used type of polyethylene. It was invented independently in the early 1950s in three different laboratories across the world. Commercial catalytic processes were quickly developed based on three different transition metals: Cr, Mo, and Ti. Today, hundreds of different grades of HDPE are manufactured by dozens of different commercial processes worldwide to meet the demands of applications too numerous to describe completely. The properties of HDPE can be made to vary widely for these specialized applications by varying its molecular structure, such as the molecular weight (MW); the MW distribution; the amount; type, and placement of short‐chain branching; the end group composition; and the degree of long‐chain branching. These affect the stiffness of the polymer; the gloss or clarity; the impact, puncture, and tear resistance; chemical resistance; electrical insulation properties; molding characteristics; and tensile properties. Common uses for HDPE include food packaging, bottles, bags, medical applications, drums, fuel tanks and other automotive parts, pipe, film, geomembranes, toys, film, and filament.
Vacuum ultraviolet spectra of fluorocompounds for 157 nm lithography (2000)

The optical characteristics in the vacuum ultraviolet region were studied using the molecular orbital method. A model molecule, p-ethylphenol, was used to represent poly(p-hydroxystyrene), and its spectrum was calculated by the semiempirical molecular orbital calculations. The theoretical results were compared with the experimental ones. The wavelengths of the absorption peaks showed good agreement in both results, though the intensities of the absorption did not agree. The fluorination of p-ethylphenol was investigated and it was found that the increase in the number of fluorine atoms became more transparent in the compound. The cause was explained by two factors. One was the redshift of the π–π* electronic transition of the aromatic molecules, of which the oscillator strength did not depend upon the fluorination number. The other was the decrease in the oscillator strength of the peak at 157 nm, of which the wavelength did not significantly shift.
Cavitation nucleation (2004)

For his dissertation research at Harvard, Bob Apfel chose the subject of homogeneous nucleation, and conceived of some ingenious experiments to test existing theories. By selecting a small microdroplet of liquid, he could make the reasonable assumption that no inhomogeneities were present to serve as preferential sites for liquid rupture. However, Bob also studied dirty liquids, as well as very clean ones, and wrote some seminal papers on inhomogeneous nucleation, in which he developed the Golden rule: Know thy liquid! Currently, considerable attention has been devoted to the study of cavitation generation in vivo, particularly in blood, and, for this case, the nucleation conditions are much different than those for normal liquids. In this presentation, I will review some of Bob’s pioneering studies and present some of our latest studies of cavitation inception, both in vitro and in vivo.
Prenatal Exposure to Aluminum Reduces Expression of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase and Impairs Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Cerebellum (1999)

Exposure to aluminum (Al) produces neurotoxic effects in humans. However, the molecular mechanism of Al neurotoxicity remains unknown. Al interferes with glutamatergic neurotransmission and impairs the neuronal glutamate-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway, especially in rats prenatally exposed to Al. The aim of this work was to assess whether Al interferes with processes associated with activation of NMDA receptors and to study the molecular basis for the Al-induced impairment of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. We used primary cultures of cerebellar neurons prepared from control rats or from rats prenatally exposed to Al. Prenatal exposure to Al prevented glutamate-induced proteolysis of the microtubule-associated protein-2, disaggregation of microtubules, and neuronal death, indicating an impairment of NMDA receptor-associated signal transduction pathways. Prenatal exposure to Al reduced significantly the content of nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase and increased the content of calmodulin both in cultured neurons and in the whole cerebellum. This effect was selective for proteins of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway as the content of mitogen-activated protein kinase and the synthesis of most proteins were not affected by prenatal exposure to Al. The alterations in the expression of proteins of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway could be responsible for some of the neurotoxic effects of Al.