gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control issues in automated highway systems (1994)

This article describes vehicle control issues that must be faced in designing a fully automated highway system (AHS). In particular, requirements for a control system architecture as well as issues of lateral and longitudinal "platoon" control are addressed. Interest in AHS is clearly expanding at a rapid pace due to the ever-increasing problems of freeway congestion and the potential for a technological solution. The approach described is based on five years of research as part of the California PATH program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
TREBOL: Tree-Based Routing and Address Autoconfiguration for Vehicle-to-Internet Communications (2011)

Efficient vehicle-to-internet routing and address autoconfiguration are two of the missing pieces required to provide Internet connectivity from vehicles. Here, we propose TREBOL, a tree-based and configurable protocol which benefits from the inherent tree-shaped nature of vehicle to Internet traffic to reduce the signaling overhead while dealing efficiently with the vehicular dynamics. The paper describes the design and rationale of the solution, and presents the results of an experimental validation and performance evaluation, based on extensive simulations and real vehicular traces obtained in the region of Madrid.
Real-time Bi-directional 10GbE Transmission using MIMO-less Space-division-multiplexing with Spatial Modes (2016)

Bi-directional transmission using MIMO-less space-division-multiplexing with spatial modes is experimentally demonstrated. 10GbE real-time data-streams are bi-directionally transmitted error-free (&lt;−22.0dB mode crosstalk) using LP01↔LP11o and LP11o↔LP11e modes over a 0.5km, elliptical-core, few-mode optical fiber full-duplex.
Notch ligand Jagged1 promotes mesenchymal stromal cell-based cartilage repair (2018)

Placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) provide a promising cell source for tissue regeneration. However, rapid induction of PMSC chondrogenic differentiation during therapeutic transplantation remains extremely challenging. Here we undertook a study to determine if Notch inhibition by soluble Jagged1 (JAG1) peptides could be utilized to accelerate PMSC-induced cartilage regeneration in a mouse post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) model. Our results showed that treatment of PMSCs with soluble JAG1 significantly enhanced chondrogenesis in culture as shown by increased alcian blue staining and decreased Notch target Hes1 expression when compared to those in lgG-treated control cells. Importantly, significantly enhanced cartilage formation and decreased joint inflammation were observed when JAG1-treated PMSCs were injected into mouse PTOA knee joints. Finally, in vivo cell tracing showed that more JAG1-treated PMSCs remained in knee joint tissues and that JAG1-treated PMSCs exhibited greater PMSC chondrogenic differentiation than lgG-treated control PMSCs at 4 weeks after injection. These data indicate that transient Notch inhibition by soluble JAG1 could be used to enhance PMSC survival and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby increasing the therapeutic potential of PMSCs for cartilage regeneration.
An Unusual Domino Claisen−Conia Reaction Producing 3,5-Dispirodihydrofuran-2,4-diones (2001)

Allyl tetronates 3 can be selectively converted either (in acetonitrile) into Claisen-rearranged 3-allyltetronic acids 5 or (in toluene) into novel Claisen−Conia-rearranged 3-(spirocyclopropyl)dihydrofuran-2,4-diones 6, featuring up to three new stereogenic centres. The mechanism and the stereochemistry of this process is discussed and an X-ray crystal structure of one of the two diastereoisomers of (±)−6c is presented.
Development of Early Oil Well Cement Properties Using Laponite Particles (2022)

Abstract The cement sheath is exposed to several loadings, which can possibly harm its key properties and impede its functions. These loadings become more significant at the early age of forming the cement sheath in which the properties of the cement are not completely developed. The objective of this work is to evaluate the changes in the cement matrix properties at the early stages of the hydration process for the cement containing laponite particles and compare it with the base cement. Laponite is a natural inorganic source containing mainly silicate. It is used as an additive to modify and enhance the rheological properties of many products. Several cement samples with and without laponite were prepared and evaluated at four different curing times of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Several cement properties such as porosity, Young's modulus, density variation and compressive strength were evaluated at each time. The results showed that the porosity of both cement samples increased with curing time, and the addition of laponite decreased the porosity of the cement samples. The addition of laponite particles also improves the elasticity of the cement as indicated by the decrease in Young's modulus. The early density variation of the cement was minimized when the laponite is used. The results of compressive strength indicated that the compressive strength of both cement systems increased with the increase of the curing time and the laponite-based sample had higher strength than base cement.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Small Molecule–Mediated Activation of RAS Elicits Biphasic Modulation of Phospho-ERK Levels that Are Regulated through Negative Feedback on SOS1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Treatment with 1 causes modulation of RAS-GTP and phospho ERK levels in cell lines expressing mutant RAS isoforms. NCI-H1299, NCI-H358, HCT 116 and NCI-H1792 cells were treated with either 25 μM or 50 μM 1 over a time course of up to 180 minutes. EGF (50 ng/mL for 5 minutes) was used as a positive control. Two biological repeats of each experiment were independently conducted.&lt;/p&gt;
From Layered Molybdic Acid to Lower-Dimensional Nanostructures by Intercalation of Amines under Ambient Conditions (2006)

Nanostructures of varied dimensionality such as rods, scrolls, and disks of molybdenum oxide have been synthesized in gram quantities under ambient conditions using exfoliation of the layers as a synthetic tool. Intercalation of alkylamines (CnH2n+2NH2, where n = 3, 4, 8, 12, and 16) into yellow molybdic acid (MoO3·2H2O) and subsequent treatment with nitric acid resulted in molybdenum oxide nanorods, nanodisks, or oxide−amine composite nanorods. The sizes of the nanoparticles range from a few nanometers to micrometers in length and 10 to 200 nm in diameter. Detailed X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal an inverse relation between the size of the nanoparticles and the chain length of the guest molecules. Infrared and thermogravimetric studies throw light on the driving force for the amine intercalation and the orientation of the intercalated amine molecules.
Focusing on novelty (2011)

Word prediction performed by language models has an important role in many tasks as e.g. word sense disambiguation, speech recognition, hand-writing recognition, query spelling and query segmentation. Recent research has exploited the textual content of the Web to create language models. In this paper, we propose a new focused crawling strategy to collect Web pages that focuses on novelty in order to create diverse language models. In each crawling cycle, the crawler tries to ll the gaps present in the current language model built from previous cycles, by avoiding visiting pages whose vocabulary is already well represented in the model. It relies on an information theoretic measure to identify these gaps and then learns link patterns to pages in these regions in order to guide its visitation policy. To handle constantly evolving domains, a key feature of our crawler approach is its ability to adjust its focus as the crawl progresses. We evaluate our approach in two different scenarios in which our solution can be useful. First, we demonstrate that our approach produces more effective language models than the ones created by a baseline crawler in the context of a speech recognition task of broadcast news. In fact, in some cases, our crawler was able to obtain similar results to the baseline by crawling only 12.5% of the pages collected by the latter. Secondly, since in the news domain avoiding well-represented content might lead to novelty, i.e. up-to-date pages, we show that our diversity-based crawler can also be helpful to guide the crawler for the most recent content in the news. The results show that our approach was able to obtain on average 50% more up-to-date pages than the baseline crawler.
A randomized non-comparative phase II study of anti–PD-L1 ATEZOLIZUMAB or chemotherapy as second-line therapy in patients with small cell lung cancer: Results from the IFCT-1603 trial (2018)

Background: This randomized Phase II trial sought to evaluate the activity of the engineered PD-L1 antibody ATEZOLIZUMAB (ATZ), as systemic therapy of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) progressing after first line platinum – ETOPOSIDE based chemotherapy (CT). Methods: Patients (pts) were randomly assigned 2:1 to ATZ, 1200 mg IV, every three weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity, or conventional CT up to six cycles: i.e. second-line oral or IV TOPOTECAN or re-induction of CARBOPLATIN – ETOPOSIDE doublet (investigator choice based on center policy). Main eligibility criteria were performance status (PS) 0-2 and measurable disease (RECIST 1.1). We performed no selection on PD-L1 tissue expression. Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy, pts with autoimmune disease history and these with brain metastases were excluded. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) at 6 weeks (confirmation needed at 12 weeks). Results: A total of 73 patients were randomized (ATZ n = 49; CT n = 24) between 03/2017 and 12/2017. One patient in the ATZ group did not receive any treatment. In the ATZ group, 83.7 % of the pts had PS 0-1, 79.6% had an extensive disease and 67.3 % had a sensitive relapse (progression after 90 days since the last dose of first line CT). At six weeks, in the ATZ group and eligible pts (n = 43), ORR was observed in 1 pt (2.3%, CI [0.0; 6.8]) and 8 other pts (18.6%, CI [7.0; 30.2]) had a stable disease. In the CT group and eligible pts (n = 21), 9.5% of the pts achieved an ORR and 52.4% had a stable disease. Progression-free survival were 1.4 months, CI [1.2; 1.5] in the ATZ group and 4.2 months CI [1.5; 5.9] in the CT group. At the time of reporting, 5 pts still benefit from a stable disease in the ATZ group versus none in the CT group. Two pts (4.2%) in the ATZ group experienced a grade 3 fatigue. Two pts developed grade 1 dysthyroidism. Conclusions: IFCT-1603 trial did not show any efficacy or safety signals for single drug ATEZOLIZUMAB used as treatment in relapsed SCLC. Follow-up data will be updated and search for PD-L1 tissue expression and mutational tumor burden will be presented. Clinical trial identification: NCT03059667. Legal entity responsible for the study: IFCT (French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup). Funding: Roche. Disclosure: L. Greillier: Grants, personal fees and non-financial support: Roche, outside the submitted work. C. Audigier Valette: Roche. D. Moro-Sibilot: Advisory board: Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, BMS, MSD, Lilly, Boehringer, Abbvie, Takeda; Corporate-sponsored research: Boehringer Ingelheim, Abbvie. V. Gounant: AstraZeneca, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD. P-J. Souquet: Grant, personnal fees, congress, board: Roche. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
An Ongoing Role of α-Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide as Part of a Protective Network Against Hypertension, Vascular Hypertrophy, and Oxidative Stress (2014)

α-Calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) is a vasodilator, but there is limited knowledge of its long-term cardiovascular protective influence. We hypothesized that αCGRP protects against the onset and development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension and have identified protective mechanisms at the vascular level. Wild-type and αCGRP knockout mice that have similar baseline blood pressure were investigated in the angiotensin II hypertension model for 14 and 28 days. αCGRP knockout mice exhibited enhanced hypertension and aortic hypertrophy. αCGRP gene expression was increased in dorsal root ganglia and at the conduit and resistance vessel level of wild-type mice at both time points. βCGRP gene expression was also observed and shown to be linked to plasma levels of CGRP. Mesenteric artery contractile and relaxant responses in vitro and endothelial NO synthase expression were similar in all groups. The aorta exhibited vascular hypertrophy, increased collagen formation, and oxidant stress markers in response to angiotensin II, with highest effects observed in αCGRP knockout mice. Gene and protein expression of endothelial NO synthase was lacking in the aortae after angiotensin II treatment, especially in αCGRP knockout mice. These results demonstrate the ongoing upregulation of αCGRP at the levels of both conduit and resistance vessels in vascular tissue in a model of hypertension and the direct association of this with protection against aortic vascular hypertrophy and fibrosis. This upregulation is maintained at a time when expression of aortic endothelial NO synthase and antioxidant defense genes have subsided, in keeping with the concept that the protective influence of αCGRP in hypertension may have been previously underestimated.
Identification and characterization of an immunophilin expressed during the clonal expansion phase of adipocyte differentiation. (1995)

Mouse 3T3-L1 cells differentiate into fat-laden adipocytes in response to a cocktail of adipogenic hormones. This conversion process occurs in two discrete steps. During an early clonal expansion phase, confluent 3T3-L1 cells proliferate and express the products of the beta and delta members of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. The cells subsequently arrest mitotic growth, induce the expression of the alpha form of C/EBP, and acquire the morphology of fully differentiated adipocytes. Many of the genes induced during the terminal phase of adipocyte conversion are directly activated by C/EBP alpha, and gratuitous expression of this transcription factor is capable of catalyzing adipose conversion in a number of different cultured cell lines. The genetic program undertaken during the clonal expansion phase of 3T3-L1 differentiation, controlled in part by C/EBP beta and C/EBP delta, is less clearly understood. To study the molecular events occurring during clonal expansion, we have identified mRNAs that selectively accumulate during this phase of adipocyte conversion. One such mRNA encodes an immunophilin hereby designated FKBP51. In this report we provide the initial molecular characterization of FKBP51.
Photo-catalytic chemical reactor with plasmonic nanostructure (2009)

3D-FDTD is used to compute the electromagnetic response of various plasmonic nanostructures. And, novel techniques to fabricate large area of plasmonic nanostructures for photo-catalytic reactors are reported. Experimental results also demonstrate an improved photo-catalytic efficiency.
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Near-Field Apertures for 1 Tbit/in$^{2}$ Areal Density (2008)

Today, conventional magnetic recording schemes are coming to an end because of the superparamagnetic limit. Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) may ultimately extend data densities beyond 1 TB/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . HAMR systems utilize the phenomenon during which the magnetic properties of the recording media could be locally modified via heating (optionally, by an optical source in the near field) to temperature in the vicinity of the Curie value of the media material. As a result, heat induced by the optical source can temporarily reduce the magnetic coercivity of high anisotropy material to a level attainable by the magnetic writing head, thus making it feasible to record on relatively small ultra-high anisotropy (and thermally stable) grains, consequently enhancing the areal density dramatically. The key challenge is to develop a near-field transducer capable of delivering over 50 nW into a spot diameter of 30 nm. Traditional fiber schemes are barely capable of 0.1 nW. To resolve the issue, a laser diode could be placed with the emitting edge only a few nanometers away from the recording media. The light can propagate through a nanoaperture on the surface of an aluminum-coated emitting edge. This paper will present an experimental study of recording characteristics of various near-field transducers fabricated via focused ion beam (FIB). To count the number of photons emitted in the near field, a scanning near-field optical microscopy system has been implemented. The experiments indicate that the FIB-fabricated transducers could deliver power of over a few microwatt into a 30-nm spot (Fig. 7).
Upconversion Spectrophotofluorometry (2013)

As the other chapters attest, sensitivity of fluorescent molecules to their local environment has created powerful tools in the study of molecular biology, particularly in the study of protein, DNA, and lipid dynamics. Surprisingly, even events faster than the nanosecond lifetimes of fluorophores are important in protein function, and in particular, events lasting just a few ps reflect on water motion and the coupled dynamics of proteins. These ultrafast phenomena can best be studied by using the same laser that excites fluorescence to also "strobe" the emission, providing sub-picosecond time slices of the action. We explain the strobing "upconversion" technique and some limits on its execution.
Formation of 2-D Chiral Monolayers from Chiral Mesogens Studied with Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2001)

Abstract Monolayer structures of a chiral mesogen, (R)- or (S)-[4′-(1-methylheptyloxy)-3′-nitrobipheny1-4yl] 4-(trans-5-decenyloxy) benzoate, adsorbed on graphite were investigated with molecular dynamics simulations to clarify the mechanism of chiral supermolecular structure formation. We proposed a mechanism model that is based on the coupling between up-down symmetry breaking and the molecular tilt direction symmetry breaking of the monolayer.
Testicular Mass as a Presenting Symptom of Isolated Polyarteritis Nodosa (1995)

Isolated polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) of the male testes has rarely been reported. The authors describe two young men with testicular mass as a presenting symptom of isolated PAN, which was diagnosed following orchiectomy. The clinical features of the reported cases are reviewed.
Preoperative radiotherapy downregulates the nuclear expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in rectal cancer (2009)

HIF-1alpha expression was positive in most of the preoperative biopsies but downregulated in most of the operative samples, implicating that preoperative radiotherapy downregulates HIF-1alpha expression in rectal cancer. Negative HIF expression after preoperative long-course radiotherapy was associated with significantly better DSS.
Effects of retinoic acid combined with interferon-gamma on the expression of major-histocompatibility-complex molecules and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human cervical cancer (1998)

Retinoids and interferons are important regulators of human epithelial cell differentiation and have been successfully used in the clinical treatment of HPV-involved cervical cancer. In this study, 2 HPV-positive human cervical-carcinoma cell lines were analyzed for their surface expression of MHC-Class-I, MHC-Class-II and ICAM-1 surface antigens before and after exposure to all-trans retinoic acid, interferon-gamma and the combination of the 2 compounds. In addition, the effects on HLA-Class-I-mRNA expression were evaluated after such treatments. Both cell lines expressed MHC-Class-I molecules, and their levels were markedly up-regulated after exposure to IFN-gamma. Similarly, MHC-Class-II and ICAM-1 antigens were either induced or significantly up-regulated by IFN-gamma. Exposure to all-trans retinoic acid was also able to significantly increase the expression of MHC-Class-I and ICAM-I antigens as compared with untreated tumor cells. However, unlike IFN-gamma, retinoids were not able to induce the expression of HLA-Class-II surface antigens. Exposure to the combination of IFN-gamma plus retinoic acid significantly up-regulated (in an additive manner) HLA-Class-I and ICAM-1 molecules as compared with the levels obtainable after exposure to IFN-gamma alone. Finally, Northern-blot analysis of HLA-Class-I-mRNA expression confirmed that the activity of both of these biologic response modifiers was at transcriptional level. These data indicate that the combination of these modalities could induce an additive effect on the expression of immunologically important surface antigens on human cervical-cancer cells. These findings, together with the known anti-proliferative effects mediated by retinoids and IFN-gamma on tumor cells, further support the combination of these agents in the treatment of pre-invasive and invasive human cervical cancer.
Tuning of the Sensitivity of Porous Silicon JFET Gas Sensors (2009)

In this work, electrical tuning of the sensitivity of an integrated solid‐state gas sensor is demonstrated. The sensor, namely PSJFET—Porous Silicon Junction Field Effect Transistor, consists of a p‐channel JFET with an additional PS sensing gate on its top. The sensor current value is proportional to the NO2 concentration in the environment, that is IDS = S⋅[NO2], at least in the range investigated (between 100 ppb and 500 ppb). Interestingly, and differently from most of gas sensors reported in the literature, the normalized sensor sensitivity S = dIDS/(IDS0⋅d[NO2]) can be effectively tuned by changing the voltage value of the electrical gate terminal of the JFET device. This feature allows the fabrication of gas sensors with superior performances: for example, it can be exploited to compensate for aging‐induced degradation of the sensitivity during the sensor life‐time. It is worthy of mentioning that, such an effect can be obtained without any increase of the sensor power dissipation, due to the high impedance of the gate terminal of the PSJFET.
1,4-Bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, an extremely potent modulator of mouse hepatic cytochrome P-450 gene expression (1993)

We have investigated the effects of TCPOBOP (1,4-bis[2-(3,5- dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene), a potent cytochrome P-450-inducing agent [Poland, Mak, Glover, Boatman, Ebetino and Kende (1980) Mol. Pharmacol. 18, 571-580], on cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme expression in the mouse. Hepatic cytochrome P-450s from several distinct gene families were strikingly induced by a single dose of 75 micrograms of the compound. Northern-blot analysis demonstrated that this induction was almost certainly due to transcriptional activation of the cytochrome P-450 genes. The potency of this inductive effect was further reflected in the finding that cytochrome P-450 levels were still increased 12 weeks after a single injection of 75 micrograms of this compound. Interestingly, the mRNA levels of certain other genes, including those of metallothionein and the mouse major urinary proteins, were also induced. In view of the similarity in the effects of TCPOBOP and the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone on mouse hepatic gene expression, we determined whether TCPOBOP acts through the glucocorticoid receptor. This did not, however, appear to be the case. Experiments with hypophysectomized animals demonstrated that TCPOBOP action was not regulated indirectly via the pituitary. In addition, induction of mouse Cyp2b protein by TCPOBOP in a primary culture of mouse hepatocytes suggests that the compound has a direct action on mouse liver. The above findings demonstrate that TCPOBOP is one of the most potent modulators of cytochrome P-450 gene expression described to date. It is not inconceivable that a single dose of this compound may alter hepatic gene expression for the majority of the lifespan of a mouse.