gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lack of relevant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the new dual endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan and warfarin in healthy subjects (2012)

Macitentan, a new, potent, dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), is a potential treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study (AC-055-105), the effect of macitentan on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a single dose of warfarin was investigated in 14 healthy male subjects. Subjects received treatment sequence A/B or B/A separated by a 2-week washout. Treatment A: macitentan for 8 days (loading dose of 30 mg, thereafter 10 mg o.d.). On Day 4, a single dose of 25 mg warfarin was given with macitentan. Treatment B: A single dose of 25 mg warfarin on Day 1. Blood samples were assessed for warfarin PK (R- and S-warfarin) and PD (INR and Factor VII). Plasma trough levels of macitentan and its active metabolite, ACT-132577, were determined. Twelve subjects were included in the PK/PD analysis. The plasma concentration-time profiles of R- and S-Warfarin (Figure 1) and PD parameters of INR and Factor VII were comparable between treatments. Warfarin did not impact the trough levels of macitentan and ACT-132577. Both treatments were well tolerated. Based on these results, no dose correction of macitentan or warfarin is needed when using these drugs together.

Figure: Plasma concentration-time profile of R- and S-warfarin with and without macitentan (mean ± SD, n=12).

![Figure][1] [1]: pending:yes
Bellows-Type Accumulators for Liquid Metal Loops of Space Reactor Power Systems (2006)

In many space nuclear power systems, the primary and/or secondary loops use liquid metal working fluids, and require accumulators to accommodate the change in the liquid metal volume and maintain sufficient subcooling to avoid boiling. This paper developed redundant and light‐weight bellows‐type accumulators with and without a mechanical spring, and compared the operating condition and mass of the accumulators for different types of liquid metal working fluids and operating temperatures: potassium, NaK‐78, sodium and lithium loops of a total capacity of 50 liters and nominal operating temperatures of 840 K, 860 K, 950 K and 1340 K, respectively. The effects of using a mechanical spring and different structural materials on the design, operation and mass of the accumulators are also investigated. The structure materials considered include SS‐316, Hastelloy‐X, C‐103 and Mo‐14Re. The accumulator without a mechanical spring weighs 23 kg and 40 kg for a coolant subcooling of 50 K and 100 K, respectively, following a loss of the fill gas. The addition of a mechanical spring comes with a mass penalty, in favor of higher redundancy and maintaining a higher liquid metal subcooling.
mRNA from the transforming segment of the adenovirus 2 genome in productively infected and transformed cells (1976)

We have identified two mRNA species transcribed from the adenovirus 2 genome section (HindIII-G fragment) believed to harbor genes for initiation and maintenance of cell transformation. The HindIII-G fragment occupies the left 7.5% of the genome and is transcribed from left to right [poly(U:G) r strand]. Poly(A)-terminated labeled mRNA was isolated from polyribosomes of adenovirus 2 early infected KB cells and from the transformed cell line 8617, hybridization purified using the HindIII-G fragment, and electrophoresed on formamide-polyacrylamide gels. Viral mRNA's of 24S (1.2 X 10(6) daltons) and 14S (4.5 X 10(5) daltons) were isolated from early infected cells and of 22S (1.0 X 10(6) daltons) and 14S from 8617 cells. Hybridization competition indicated that HindIII-G-specific mRNA was present in the polysomes at one-sixth the concentration late after infection as compared with early, indicating that the proteins coded by the transforming segment may be synthesized at reduced amounts during late stages. Only 1/10 the amount of RNA labeled late annealed to the G fragment as compared with that labeled early (per weight of RNA). Thus, synthesis of transforming gene mRNA is probably "turned off" late after infection. Both 24S (22S) and 14S mRNA's from infected and 8617 cells were complementary to the Hpa I-E fragment (left 4.1% of genome). The Hpa I-E fragment is too small to encode 24S and 14S species, which implies that the 5'-terminal regions of both species are coded by the same DNA sequences.
Tuning Conjugated Polymers for Binder Applications in High-Capacity Magnetite Anodes (2019)

Battery electrodes are complex mesoscale systems comprising an active material, conductive agent, current collector, and polymeric binder. Although significant research on composite electrode materials for Li-ion batteries focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of the active particles, the binder component has been shown to critically impact stability and ensure electrode integrity during volume changes induced upon cycling. Herein, we explore the ability of water-soluble, carboxylated conjugated polymer binders to aid in electron and ion transport in magnetite-based anodes. Specifically, poly[3-(potassium-4-butanoate)thiophene] (PPBT) and a potassium carboxylate functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT)-based copolymer (WS-PE2) were investigated and evaluated against the control, potassium salt form of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-K). When used in conjunction with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coating for the magnetite active material, PPBT provided for overall improved electrode performance as a result of more favorable intermolecular interactions between the composite constituents. The ProDOT-based copolymer WS-PE2 exhibited comparable cycling performance to PPBT, whereas PAA-K and PPBT were similar with respect to rate capability. This investigation compares and contrasts a series of carboxylated polymers to elucidate the roles of different functional groups and identify materials chemistry-based structural parameters that can be manipulated to assist overall electrochemical performance of composite Li-ion battery anodes.
Applying amorphous InGaZnO-TFT to RFID tag (2014)

Trial production of a thin-film radio frequency identification (RFID) tag with a built-in antenna was carried out using an amorphous InGaZnO (a-InGaZnO) thin-film transistor (TFT). A rectifier circuit, RF communication circuit, and logic circuit were formed using an a-InGaZnO TFT. Even after adding an antenna, which is the thickest part, the RFID itself had a thickness of about 1 μm. The RFID operated with a 13.56-MHz-band reader for IC cards and near field communication (NFC) devices. These results indicate the feasibility of an RFID tag that can be adhered to objects with a variety of shapes.
Growth of ultra-thin large sized 2D flakes at air–liquid interface to obtain 2D-WS 2 monolayers (2020)

Abstract Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising candidates for future electronics. Currently, the growth of TMD large area thin films/flakes is one of the biggest challenges. A novel method for the growth of ultra-thin and large area WS 2 monolayer flakes has been developed by introducing a solution-based temperature-dependent process. This two-dimensional WS 2 growth process is low cost and environmentally friendly. WO 3 flakes are grown at the air–liquid interface using ammonium tetrathiotungstate ((NH 4 ) 2 WS 4 , ATTW) as WS 2 precursor. The process requires a moderate activation temperature as no flakes are formed at room temperature. Successful growth of flakes was observed in an aqueous solution of the precursor at a temperature between 70 °C and 90 °C. These flakes could be transferred to any substrate by a controlled dip-coating process. Large 2D WS 2 flakes with a lateral size of up to 100 μ m were obtained after sulfurization. The thickness ranged from a WS 2 monolayer to five monolayers, as verified by atomic force microscope. The chemical reaction mechanism behind the formation of the flakes was investigated by FTIR, Raman, UV–Vis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The initial flakes were found to be made of WO 3 , which were successfully converted to WS 2 by a post annealing step at 500 °C–900 °C. This simple and environmentally friendly growth technique can be used to produce large WS 2 flakes for next generation electronics.
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>BRAF/NRAS</i> Wild-Type Melanomas Have a High Mutation Load Correlating with Histologic and Molecular Signatures of UV Damage (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 - PDF file 91K, Schematic diagram of experimental procedure and bioinformatic analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Centella asiatica accelerates nerve regeneration upon oral administration and contains multiple active fractions increasing neurite elongation in-vitro (2005)

Axonal regeneration is important for functional recovery following nerve damage. Centella asiatica Urban herb, also known as Hydrocotyle asiatica L., has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries as a nerve tonic. Here, we show that Centella asiatica ethanolic extract (100 microg mL-1) elicits a marked increase in neurite outgrowth in human SH-SY5Y cells in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). However, a water extract of Centella was ineffective at 100 microg mL-1. Sub-fractions of Centella ethanolic extract, obtained through silica-gel chromatography, were tested (100 microg mL-1) for neurite elongation in the presence of NGF. Greatest activity was found with a non-polar fraction (GKF4). Relatively polar fractions (GKF10 to GKF13) also showed activity, albeit less than GKF4. Thus, Centella contains more than one active component. Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid compound found in Centella ethanolic extract and GKF4, showed marked activity at 1 microM (microg mL-1). AA was not present in GKF10 to GKF13, further indicating that other active components must be present. Neurite elongation by AA was completely blocked by the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibitor PD 098059 (10 microM). Male Sprague-Dawley rats given Centella ethanolic extract in their drinking water (300-330 mg kg-1 daily) demonstrated more rapid functional recovery and increased axonal regeneration (larger calibre axons and greater numbers of myelinated axons) compared with controls, indicating that the axons grew at a faster rate. Taken together, our findings indicate that components in Centella ethanolic extract may be useful for accelerating repair of damaged neurons.
Comparison of the Effect of Several Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonists on Luteinizing Hormone Secretion, Receptor Binding and Ovulation (1983)

The biological activity of three gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists was evaluated in the following assays: suppression of GnRH-mediated luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion by cultured pituitary cells, suppression of the spontaneous LH release by ovariectomized rats, blockade of ovulation in regularly cycling females and inhibition of binding of a potent radiolabeled agonist to rat pituitary membrane homogenates. The peptides were: [Ac-delta 3Pro1,4FDPhe2, DTrp3,6]-GnRH (Antagonist 1); [Ac-delta 3Pro1,4FDPhe2,DNAL(2)3,6]-GnRH (Antagonist 2); and [Ac-DNAL(2)2,4FDPhe2,DTrp3,DArg6]-GnRH (Antagonist 3). All three antagonists exhibited similarly high potency in suppressing LH secretion in vitro, while Antagonist 1 was the most active peptide in the radioreceptor assay. When administered by gavage, Antagonist 3 exhibited the highest potency to inhibit LH secretion in gonadectomized rats and to block ovulation. Comparison of the oral versus the subcutaneous mode of administration of these analogs indicates that less than 1% is absorbed after gavage. However, these data demonstrate that the intragastric administration of GnRH antagonists can lower gonadotropin secretion and interfere with reproductive functions.
Interpretation of the Magnetic and Crystallographic Properties of Several Iron, Nickel, and Iron-Nickel Nitrides (1960)

The saturation moment at 4°K and the room-temperature structure of the following nitrides have been examined: Fe4−xNixN with 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 (Fe4N-type structure); tetragonal, ordered FeNiN; hexagonal Fe3−yNwith 0 &amp;lt; y &amp;lt; 1; hexagonal Ni3N1.16; and orthorhombic Fe2N. The atomic ordering, nitrogen solubility, and atomic moments of the system Fe4−xNixN are interpreted from a model of the band structure of the f.c.c. transition elements of the first long period in which it is explicitly assumed that the crystalline fields split the d bands into separable components.
Polymer Membranes for Gas and Vapor Separation (1999)

Industrial applications of polymers as gas separations membrane materials fall broadly into two categories: (1) separations using polymers that are more permeable to the smaller components in a gas mixture and (2) separations requiring polymers that are more permeable to larger components in a gas mixture. Optimum polymeric membrane materials for the first type of separations are stiff chain, glassy, moderately high free volume polymers that sieve penetrant molecules rather strictly according to penetrant size. Optimum polymers for the second type of separations are either highly flexible, rubbery polymers or certain ultrahigh free volume, glassy substituted polyacetylenes. Such polymers sieve gas molecules weakly based on size. Therefore, larger, more soluble penetrants are more permeable than smaller, less soluble ones. This overview provides an introduction to the fundamentals of gas separations with polymers, provides examples of polymers for both categories of separations and provides current theoretical and practical design rules for preparing polymeric membranes with optimum performance characteristics.
Three-dimensional structures of pilin subunits and their role in Gram-positive pilus assembly and stability. (2014)

<title>Abstract</title> Gram-positive bacterial pili are comprised of chains of covalently linked pilin subunits, resulting in long (3-5 µm) and very thin (∼3 nm) fibres whose primary role is adhesion, both in colonization and as an aid to biofilm formation. This chapter focuses on insights that have come from structural studies of the individual pilin subunits, primarily crystallographic analyses, but complemented by electron microscopy (EM) studies of the fibres themselves. High-resolution structural studies of the individual pilin components have given remarkable new insights into the fine structure of Gram-positive bacterial pili. These have included the discovery of autocatalytically-formed internal isopeptide bonds, which provide a completely unanticipated means of stabilizing these assemblies; the discovery of novel structures in the adhesin subunits that suggest how these may engage host cells; the recognition of the modular nature of pilin subunits, with repeated Ig-like domains; and testable models for the assembled pili.
Fiber Bragg grating fabricated in micro-single-crystal sapphire fiber (2017)

This Letter introduces a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in a micro-single-crystal sapphire fiber (micro-SFBG) for sensing applications in high-temperature and harsh environments. The FBG was fabricated by a point-by-point method via an IR-femtosecond laser in a large-diameter sapphire fiber that was then wet-hot acid etched to achieve microfiber size, which culminated in fabricating and characterizing a 9.6 μm diameter micro-SFBG. The refractive index measurement ranging from 1 to 1.75 and temperature measurement from room temperature to 1400°C are also reported.
Excitation correlation photoluminescence in the presence of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination (2015)

Excitation correlation photoluminescence (ECPL) measurements are often analyzed in the approximation of a cross correlation of charge carrier populations generated by the two delayed pulses. In semiconductors, this approach is valid for a linear non-radiative recombination path, but not for a non-linear recombination rate as in the general Shockley-Read-Hall recombination scenario. Here, the evolution of the ECPL signal was studied for deep trap recombination following Shockley-Read-Hall statistics. Analytic solutions can be obtained for a fast minority trapping regime and steady state recombination. For the steady state case, our results show that the quadratic radiative term plays only a minor role, and that the shape of the measured signal is mostly determined by the non-linearity of the recombination itself. We find that measurements with unbalanced intense pump and probe pulses can directly provide information about the dominant non-radiative recombination mechanism. The signal traces follow the charge carrier concentrations, despite the complex origins of the signal, thus showing that ECPL can be applied to study charge carrier dynamics in semiconductors without requiring elaborate calculations. The model is compared with measurements on a reference sample with alternating layers of InGaAs/InAlAs that were additionally cross-checked with time resolved optical pump terahertz probe measurements and found to be in excellent agreement.
Impact of STAT/SOCS mRNA Expression Levels after Major Injury (2014)

We present a serial, sequential investigation in human neutrophil granulocytes of major trauma patients evaluating mRNA expression profiles of IL-10, STAT 3, SOCS 1, and SOCS 3. Posttraumatically, immune disorder was accompanied by a significant increase of IL-10 and STAT 3 mRNA expression, whereas SOCS 1 mRNA levels decreased after injury. We could demonstrate that death after trauma was associated with higher SOCS 3 mRNA levels already at 6 h after trauma. To support our results, further investigations have to evaluate protein levels of STAT/SOCS family in terms of posttraumatic immune imbalance.
Increased Risk of Arrhythmic Events in Long-QT Syndrome With Mutations in the Pore Region of the Human Ether-a-go-go–Related Gene Potassium Channel (2002)

Patients with mutations in the pore region of the HERG gene are at markedly increased risk for arrhythmia-related cardiac events compared with patients with nonpore mutations.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeting Proteins with Metal Complexes (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Decomposition of two-component pulses: Simulation and phantom experiment. (2010)

Porous media often support propagation of two compressional waves. When cancellous bone samples are interrogated in through-transmission with broadband sources, these two waves often overlap in time. A method for measuring attenuation and velocity of the two component waves was developed. The method (1) assumes that the transfer function is the sum of two exponentially modulated sinusoids and (2) minimizes the sum of the squared error between a model fit and the data. The method was tested for decomposing a 500-kHz-center-frequency signal containing two overlapping components: one passing through a polycarbonate plate (fast wave) and another passing through a cancellous-bone-mimicking phantom (slow wave). The method yielded estimates of attenuation slopes accurate to within 7% (polycarbonate plate) and 2% (cancellous bone phantom). The method yielded estimates of phase velocities accurate to within 1.5% (both media). The method was tested on simulated data generated using attenuation slopes and phase velocities corresponding to bovine cancellous bone. Throughout broad ranges of signal-to-noise ratio and fast-slow-wave-velocity differential, the method yielded estimates of attenuation slope that were accurate to within 10% and estimates of phase velocity that were accurate to within 5% (fast wave) and 2% (slow wave).
Study of InGaN–GaN Light-Emitting Diodes With Different Last Barrier Thicknesses (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This work reports a theoretical and experimental study on the device performance of blue InGaN–GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different last barrier thicknesses. The experimental results show that the employment of a 25-nm-thick p-type GaN last barrier in GaN LEDs can improve the light output power from 35.6 to 40.2 mW at 50 mA. By using advanced device simulation, it is shown that the effective energy barrier created by the p-type AlGaN electron blocking layer (EBL) is significantly decreased due to the band bending at the interface between GaN last barrier and AlGaN EBL. The use of a p-type GaN last barrier before the growth of AlGaN EBL can provide a higher energy barrier to suppress the electron overflow and then enhance the light output power. </para>
Growth evolution of SixNy on the GaN underlayer and its effects on GaN-on-Si (111) heteroepitaxial quality (2014)

We verified that nanocrystalline Si<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> with a size ranging from 4 to 6 nm appeared on the pit sidewall and preferred to reside at the pit.
Dose response to rhCC10-augmented surfactant therapy in a lamb model of infant respiratory distress syndrome: physiological, inflammatory, and kinetic profiles (2005)

While surfactant (SF) therapy alone improves respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)-associated gas exchange and lung stability, absence of anti-inflammatory proteins limits efficacy with respect to inflammation. Clara cell secretory protein (CC10), deficient in preterm infants, prevents SF degradation and has anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, intratracheal recombinant human (rh) CC10 (Claragen)-augmented SF (Survanta, Ross) therapy was examined in a premature lamb model of RDS with respect to inflammation and kinetic dose-response profiles. Preterm lambs (n = 24; gestational age: 126 ± 3 days) were delivered via cesarean section, sedated, ventilated, and randomized into groups: 100 mg/kg SF, 100 mg/kg SF followed by 0.5 mg/kg rhCC10, 100 mg/kg SF followed by 1.5 mg/kg rhCC10, and 100 mg/kg SF followed by 5.0 mg/kg rhCC10. Arterial blood chemistry and lung mechanics were monitored; lungs were lavaged and snap-frozen after 4 h. TNF-α, IL-8 in plasma; TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, myeloperoxidase in lung; and rhCC10 in plasma, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung were analyzed. Improvement in compliance, peak inspiratory pressure, and ventilatory efficiency index were greatest (P < 0.05) with SF + 5.0 mg/kg rhCC10. Plasma, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung [rhCC10] (where brackets denote concentration) increased (P < 0.01) with dose. Plasma [IL-8] was lower (P < 0.05) with rhCC10 than SF alone. Treatment with at least 1.5 mg/kg rhCC10 resulted in lower (P < 0.05) lung [TNF-α], [IL-8], and [myeloperoxidase]; SF + 1.5 mg/kg rhCC10 group had lower (P < 0.05) lung [IL-6], compared with all other groups. Compared with SF alone, SF augmented with at least 1.5 mg/kg rhCC10 decreased RDS-induced lung and systemic inflammation. Given that inflammation may lead to functional compromise, these data suggest that early intervention with rhCC10 may enhance SF therapy and warrant longer duration studies to determine its role to decrease long-term complications of ventilator management.
Cramér–Rao Bounds for a Coupled Mixture of Polynomial Phase and Sinusoidal FM Signals (2017)

This letter introduces a new coupled mixture of polynomial phase signal (PPS) and sinusoidal frequency modulated (FM) signal, motivated by real-world applications, for example, contactless linear encoders. Specifically, the coupling is introduced to express the sinusoidal FM frequency as a function of the PPS-related parameters. Given the coupling mixture, it generalizes two existing models: the pure PPS model and the independent mixture model. Performance bounds of parameter estimation for the coupled mixture model are established in terms of the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB). Unlike the pure PPS case, the derived CRB shows its dependence on the PPS-related and sinusoidal FM-related parameters due to the coupling mixture. On the other hand, the derived CRBs for the PPS-related parameters are lower than their counterparts of the independent mixture model, as the sinusoidal FM frequency provides additional information on the PPS parameters.