gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TGT3, Thyroid Transcription Factor I, and Sp1 Elements Regulate Transcriptional Activity of the 1.3-Kilobase Pair Promoter ofT1α, a Lung Alveolar Type I Cell Gene (1997)

Alveolar type I epithelial cells form the major surface for gas exchange in the lung. To explore how type I cells differ in gene expression from their progenitor alveolar type II cells, we analyzed transcriptional regulation of T1alpha, a gene expressed by adult type I but not type II cells. In vivo developmental patterns of T1alpha expression in lung and brain suggest active gene regulation. We cloned and sequenced 1.25 kilobase pairs of the T1alpha promoter that can drive reporter expression in lung epithelial cell lines. Deletion analyses identified regions important for lung cell expression. The base pair (bp) -100 to -170 fragment conferred differential regulation in lung epithelial cells compared with fibroblasts. Sequence alignment of this fragment with type II-specific surfactant protein B and C promoters shows similar consensus elements arranged in a different order. Gel retardation studies with alveolar epithelial cell line nuclear extracts, thyroid transcription factor I (TTF-1) homeodomain, hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-3beta, or Sp1 proteins, and supershift assays were used to characterize TTF-1, HNF-3 (TGT3), and Sp1/Sp3 binding sites. The TGT3 site binds factors with binding properties similar to HNF-3/Fkh (hepatic nuclear factor-3/forkhead) proteins but different from HNF-3alpha or HNF-3beta. Co-transfection with a TTF-1 expression vector moderately transactivated the -170 bp-reporter construct. Mutational analysis of these three binding sites showed reduced transcriptional activity of the -170 bp promoter. Therefore, several regulatory sequences involved in type II cell gene regulation are also present in the T1alpha promoter, suggesting that genes of the peripheral lung epithelium may be regulated by similar factors.
On the multi-state modeling of mobile satellite channels (2002)

We obtain new analytical expressions for the probability density function (PDF) of the received signal envelope in a mobile satellite channel. These expressions are derived from measured data for an urban environment, but the method can yield an insight into other environments. Using the average fade duration (AFD) and level crossing rate (LCR) data, we obtain a composite model, which is similar to other models given in the literature, e.g., the Loo (1985) model. This new model is amenable to the development of computer simulations of mobile satellite channel amplitude time series realizations, and provides additional insight into the physical channel character.
Expression of Zonula Occludens and Adherens Junctional Proteins in Human Venous and Arterial Endothelian Cells: Role of Occludin in Endothelial Solute Barriers (1998)

ABSTRACT Objective : The purpose of this study was to correlate the expression of occludin and VE‐cadherin with the solute barrier properties of arterial and venous endothelial monolayers. Methods : Immunofluorescent confocal and traditional microscopy were used to determine junctional protein localization in endothelium in vivo and in vitro respectively, and western and northern analysis used to determine protein and gene expression levels. Permeability of endothelial monolayers was examined under normal, low calcium, and cytochalasin‐D treatment conditions. Antisense oligonucleotide experiments for occludin were performed to determine the contribution of occluding to solute barrier. Results : Occludin protein in endothelial monolayers in more concentrated in arterial junctions than in venous junctions both in vivo and in vitro . Arterial endothelial cells express 18‐fold more occluding protein and nine times more occluding mRNA compared to venous endothelial cells. In vivo , both endothelial cells demonstrate VE‐cadherin staining; in vitro, only venous endothelial cells express VE‐cadherin protein and mRNA. Occludin antisense experiments suggest that both arterial and venous barrier properties are due to these different amounts of occluding expression. Venous barrier was remarkably sensitive to low extracellular calcium, while arterial barrier was more sensitive to cytochalasin‐D. Conclusions : These findings suggest strongly that arterial and venous endothelial barrier reflects the level of expression of different adhesion molecules and that modulation of these proteins, especially occluding, may regulate the level of endothelial solute barrier.
Time courses of cortical beta and gamma-band activity during listening to metronome sounds in different tempi. (2008)

Oscillatory cortical activities in beta-band (13–20 Hz) are related to a somatomotor system, and gamma-bands (20 Hz) are involved with feature binding in perception. Previously gamma-band activity in electroencephalography was found to modulate with musical pulse with a two-beat metric accent. The present study examined beta- and gamma-band activities in auditory cortices recorded via magnetoencephalography (MEG) when subjects listened to musical pulse in various tempi. Tones were presented with intervals of (1) 390 ms, (2) 585 ms, and (3) 780 ms, and (4) with irregular intervals between 390 and 780 ms. In addition, the same tones were presented with a 390-ms interval using a two-beat accent, while occasionally either (5) an accented tone or (6) an unaccented tone was omitted. Beta-band activity decreased immediately after the stimulus and returned to the previous level just before the next stimulus, regardless of the tempo, except in the irregular condition. The tone omission resulted in an extra beta rebound. Gamma-band activity increased right after the pulse or the omission. We propose that beta oscillations may encode the timing of the next sound in a regular pulse sequence, whereas gamma oscillations likely reflect processing of the current auditory events including omissions.
Evolutionary diamond turning of optics for error correction covering a wide spatial spectrum (2015)

To improve the quality of diamond turned optics, it is necessary to employ a laborious postprocessing approach. However, the approach is often very hard to implement on freeform surfaces, and it greatly decreases the processing efficiency even for simple optics. An evolutionary diamond turning method is first proposed to comprehensively improve the quality of the turned optics. The evolutionary goal is to attenuate the peak value of the power spectral density of residual tool marks, and the special mutation point is observed during the evolution. Taking advantage of the modulation operation of a diamond tool in the spatial frequency domain, form accuracy, surface roughness, and surface reflectivity are all significantly improved, demonstrating the superiority of the EDT method for optics fabrication.
Two-Step Variable Valve Actuation for Fuel Economy, Emissions, and Performance (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Variable-Valve Actuation (VVA) provides improvements in engine efficiency, emissions, and performance by changing the valve lift and timing as a function of engine operating conditions. Two-Step VVA systems utilize two discrete valve-lift profiles and may be combined with continuously variable cam phasing. Two-Step VVA systems are relatively simple, low cost and easy to package on new and existing engines, and therefore, are attractive to engine manufacturers.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objective of this work was to optimize Two-Step system design and operation for maximum system benefits. An Early-Intake-Valve-Closing (EIVC) strategy was selected for warmed-up operating conditions, and a Late-Intake-Valve-Opening (LIVO) strategy was selected for the cold start. Engine modeling tools were used to fundamentally understand the thermodynamic and fluid mechanical processes involved. A procedure was developed to rapidly and automatically process engine simulations for a wide range of engine operating conditions and valve train parameters including valve lift, duration, and timing.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Modeling results indicate that substantial improvements in fuel economy, NOx emissions, and performance can be achieved. Reduced cold-start HC emissions are also expected. A comparison to fully flexible VVA, Three-Step VVA, and dual-independent cam phasing (only) is presented.&lt;/div&gt;
Exome sequencing reveals recurrent germ line variants in patients with familial Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2016)

Familial aggregation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) cases, and the clustering of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders among first-degree relatives of WM patients, has been reported. Nevertheless, the possible contribution of inherited susceptibility to familial WM remains unrevealed. We performed whole exome sequencing on germ line DNA obtained from 4 family members in which coinheritance for WM was documented in 3 of them, and screened additional independent 246 cases by using gene-specific mutation sequencing. Among the shared germ line variants, LAPTM5(c403t) and HCLS1(g496a) were the most recurrent, being present in 3/3 affected members of the index family, detected in 8% of the unrelated familial cases, and present in 0.5% of the nonfamilial cases and in <0.05 of a control population. LAPTM5 and HCLS1 appeared as relevant WM candidate genes that characterized familial WM individuals and were also functionally relevant to the tumor clone. These findings highlight potentially novel contributors for the genetic predisposition to familial WM and indicate that LAPTM5(c403t) and HCLS1(g496a) may represent predisposition alleles in patients with familial WM.
Advanced RAIM user Algorithm Description: Integrity Support Message Processing, Fault Detection, Exclusion, and Protection Level Calculation (2012)

Advanced RAIM (ARAIM) for vertical guidance has attracted considerable attention both from integrity providers and receiver manufacturers, due to its potential to achieve worldwide coverage of vertical guidance with a reduced investment on the ground segment compared to Satellite-based Augmentation Systems. Several user algorithms have been published, mostly variants of solution separation and possible optimizations. These descriptions have focused on the definition of the Vertical Protection Level (VPL), because that is what was needed to simulate ARAIM availability as a function of the input parameters and the constellation configurations. However, an ARAIM user algorithm has many more elements that need to be defined. The purpose of this
Writing for IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine [Society News] (2013)

As an IEEE Consumer Electronics (CE) Society member, I would ask you to consider writing a short article or review to share your experiences and knowledge with your fellow Society members. Particularly, members with high achievement and responsibility have an even stronger mandate to share their experiences and expertise. The articles should be more broadly scoped than for an archival journal-typically review and tutorial articles are particularly suited to the magazine. Technical articles may be suitable, but these should be of general interest to an engineering audience and of broader scope than regular technical papers. Some examples of the fields of interest are given in a separate list. Articles related to the story behind engineering standards or practical experiences in product specification and design are particularly welcome, as are articles on the social impact of consumer electronics. Tutorials on technologies or techniques related to consumer electronics are also encouraged.
Expediting Transient Thermal Frequency Response Characterization and Sensitivity Analysis (2020)

This paper develops a technique, requiring no dedicated temperature sensing calibration step, to rapidly characterize transient heat transfer in packaged, power semiconductor components. It is presented as an alternative to traditional step response characterization methods by exploiting the phase delay metric native to frequency response function (FRF) analysis in the field of system identification. The paper introduces electrothermal engineering steps needed to design the measurement system. It presents aspects of power device physics and dynamic analysis to identify design space in which FRF data extracted from experiments are insensitive to potential unknowns. Power electronic circuitry, providing the needed, periodic heat actuation, and probing, allowing for simple reconstruction of transient temperature data in post-processing, are introduced. The developed method is leveraged in-lab to make a key measurement confirming high-frequency-only thermal FRF sensitivity to component die-attach, highlighting the opportunity to achieve localized, power electronic converter degradation sensing in situ.
414 ALTERED EXPRESSION OF RENAL NA/K ATPASE IN HYPERTENSIVE PREGNANT RATS TREATED WITH METOLAZONE (2005)

Manuscript Submission Guidelines: Journal if Investigative Medicine (JIM) This Journal recommends that authors follow the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals formulated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Please read the guidelines below and then visit the Journal’s submission
Pharmacological characterization of the first potent and selective antagonist at the cysteinyl leukotriene 2 (CysLT2) receptor (2010)

HAMI3379 was identified as a potent and selective CysLT(2) receptor antagonist, which was devoid of CysLT receptor agonism. Using this compound, we showed that the cardiac effects of CysLTs are predominantly mediated by the CysLT(2) receptor.
Progress in the testing of coal-fired MHO generator ceramic channels (1985)

Experimental results of recent ceramic channel tests performed under open cycle MHD conditions in the Electro technical Laboratory (ETL) COM-Fired Test Facility (ECFTF) are reported. The ceramic insulators and electrodes show good compatibility in the MHD channel environment.The performance of sialon (Si3N4-AI2O3-AIN) +oxide (Cr2O3), MgO +metal (NiCr alloy and pure Ni) composite, and SiC insulators and Cr2O3 and SiC electrodes are reported. Ceramic channel walls suitable for liquid slagging conditions and the design of a cooling system, including the ceramics to metal bonding technology, have been developed.Results of the splash experiments under high heat flux conditions indicate that the MgO with MgO-Ni alloy composite and copper nickel laminated relaxation layers were effective at surface temperatures around 1200°C and with a heat flux of about 100 W/cm2 Up to around 150 W/cm2, the insulators were damaged by ceramic to ceramic-metal composite interface separation caused by disproportionate thermal expansion. The sialon insulator at a heat flux below 80 W/cm2 showed excellent properties. The SiC test modules with the copper-carbon compliant layer have been successfully demonstrated at heat fluxes up to 600 W/cm2.The sialon + 20%Cr2O3 composite joined to the pure nickel cooling system by shrink fitting, and the MgO Ni-cermet reinforced composite and SiC insulators have been tested in the ECFTF generator channel. The SiC insulators have been shown to have the best performance and durability. The deterioration in insulation depends on the slag electrical conductivity and the thermal and electrical characteristics of these insulators have been investigated over a comparatively wide temperature range under slagging and nonslagging conditions.
Modelistic investigation of multi‐stress ac‐dc endurance of pet films (1992)

Abstract In the paper, the results of life tests performed on polyethylene terephtalate (PET) films, subjected to electrical and thermal stresses simultaneously applied (multi‐stress), under AC and DC voltage, are presented and discussed, with a modelistic viewpoint. It is found that the AC electrical life lines at different temperatures drawn in semilog plot tend to show upward curvature at low electrical stresses, while fairly linear behavior is detected for the majority of life lines in bilog plot. Among the two sets of DC data, obtained in different laboratories, one behaves quite similarly to the AC results, i. e. provides clear threshold in semilog plot and straight lines in bilog plot, while the other gives straight life lines both in semilog and bilog plots. Life models able to fit the AC and DC data, based on both the inverse power and the exponential laws, are presented and checked by experimental results, in order to achieve the most suitable models for the explanation of the behavior of the tested insulating material. On the basis of these models, generalized probability distribution functions are derived, which can provide life percentiles at selected failure probabilities. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the life‐model parameters is investigated, to the aim of explaining the electrical life models in the range of test and extrapolation temperatures.
Directed Differentiation of Mobilized Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells into Functional NK Cells with Enhanced Antitumor Activity (2020)

Obtaining sufficient numbers of functional natural killer (NK) cells is crucial for the success of NK-cell-based adoptive immunotherapies. While expansion from peripheral blood (PB) is the current method of choice, ex vivo generation of NK cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs) may constitute an attractive alternative. Thereby, HSCs mobilized into peripheral blood (PB-CD34<sup>+</sup>) represent a valuable starting material, but the rather poor and donor-dependent differentiation of isolated PB-CD34<sup>+</sup> cells into NK cells observed in earlier studies still represents a major hurdle. Here, we report a refined approach based on ex vivo culture of PB-CD34<sup>+</sup> cells with optimized cytokine cocktails that reliably generates functionally mature NK cells, as assessed by analyzing NK-cell-associated surface markers and cytotoxicity. To further enhance NK cell expansion, we generated K562 feeder cells co-expressing 4-1BB ligand and membrane-anchored IL-15 and IL-21. Co-culture of PB-derived NK cells and NK cells that were ex-vivo-differentiated from HSCs with these feeder cells dramatically improved NK cell expansion, and fully compensated for donor-to-donor variability observed during only cytokine-based propagation. Our findings suggest mobilized PB-CD34<sup>+</sup> cells expanded and differentiated according to this two-step protocol as a promising source for the generation of allogeneic NK cells for adoptive cancer immunotherapy.
Non-equilibrium QW populations and internal efficiency of polar and nonpolar III-nitride light emitters (2012)

III-nitride visible light emitters employ deep QWs and feature strong disparity of electron and hole transport in diode structures. As a result, multi-QW active regions of such devices suffer from inhomogeneous carrier injection, large residual charges of active QWs, and overall active region electrical non-uniformity which unfavorably affects the emitter efficiency. In this work, we show that electron and hole populations of deep optically active III-nitride QWs are highly imbalanced and substantially deviate from thermodynamic equilibrium with corresponding mobile carrier subsystems. Non-equilibrium QW populations are self-consistently determined by carrier injection and light generation processes in active QWs. In turn, QW residual charges impose strong feedback on the active region electrical uniformity. Our selfconsistent modeling of QW radiative characteristics and multi-QW carrier transport in diode structures relates the effects of non-equilibrium QW populations, inhomogeneous QW injection and residual QW charges to the structure internal efficiency. Comparative modeling of polar and nonpolar diodes shows that in both types of structures the nonequilibrium effects tend to decrease the QW operational electron populations; this trend benefits the active region electrical uniformity. For device simulation, we use COMSOL-based Optoelectronic Device Modeling Software (ODMS) developed at Ostendo Technologies Inc.
Tensile retraction measurements. IV. Determination of loose end pullout in gum vulcanizates (1991)

Abstract Tensile retraction measurements have been made on unfilled rubbers cured with either sulfur or dicumyl peroxide to different levels of crosslink density. The rubbers chosen were emulsion and solution polymerized anionic SBRs, cis ‐polybutadiene, natural rubber, and anionic 1,4‐polybutadienes of different molecular weight. The measured molecular weight between crosslinks ( M c ) at each extension gave a smooth curve when plotted against the maximum extension (Λ max ) used for the measurement. This curve was separated into three linear regions that characterize the cured rubber. The first region, above about 30% elongation, gave a Λ max = 1 intercept that decreased with either increased polymer M n or increased level of curatives. Subtracting this calculated crosslink density from the measured crosslink density below about 30% elongation gave another smooth curve when plotted against Λ max . A second linear relationship was described in the general range of 5‐30% elongation. Below about 5% elongation, a third linear relationship was found. This line was determined from the differences between the calculated and the observed crosslink densities in the lowest strain region of the intermediate strain plot. Possible explanations of these three linear regions have been made. Supporting evidence was gained from temperature‐dependent experiments as well as from correlation of experimental results with polymers of different values of T g .
Grating fabrication through x-ray lithography (2003)

Blazed gratings have been fabricated using gray-scale X-ray lithography. The gratings have high efficiency, low parasitic light, and high groove quality. They can be generated over a considerable depth for use anywhere in the ultraviolet to middle infrared range. They can also be recorded on substrates of considerable curvature.
Visual cryptography for face privacy (2010)

We discuss the problem of preserving the privacy of a digital face image stored in a central database. In the proposed scheme, a private face image is dithered into two host face images such that it can be revealed only when both host images are simultaneously available; at the same time, the individual host images do not reveal the identity of the original image. In order to accomplish this, we appeal to the field of Visual Cryptography. Experimental results confirm the following: (a) the possibility of hiding a private face image in two unrelated host face images; (b) the successful matching of face images that are reconstructed by superimposing the host images; and (c) the inability of the host images, known as sheets, to reveal the identity of the secret face image.
Humanlike Immune Response of Human Leukocyte Antigen–DR3 Transgenic Mice to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: A Novel Model for Superantigen Vaccines (2002)

This study examined the biologic responses of transgenic mice expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3 and human CD4 molecules, in the absence of murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (Ab(0)), to staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and evaluated protective immunity of a nonsuperantigen form of SEB against wild-type holotoxin. HLA-DR3 transgenic mice responded to several log lower concentrations of SEs and secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines than did wild-type mice. Vaccination of transgenic mice with a nonsuperantigenic form of SEB induced high levels of neutralizing anti-SEB antibodies, which protected the mice from a surge in proinflammatory cytokine secretion after SEB challenge. The humanlike responses of the transgenic mice to SEs support the hypothesis that these mice represent an appropriate model to examine vaccines and therapeutics against SEs. This is thought to be the first report of examination of a vaccine against SEB in the context of human MHC class II receptors.