gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-Aided Versus Blind Single-Carrier Coherent Receivers (2010)

Fiber-optic research in signal processing for the first generation of coherent communication systems was dominated by receivers with blind adaptation. Next-generation systems will require a scalable and modular design for higher order modulation formats. Due to the nature of the fiber channel and the required parallelization in high-speed receivers, data-aided and blind algorithms call for a general reassessment when used in coherent optic receivers employing higher order modulation formats. In this paper, blind and data-aided receivers are compared for coherent single-carrier optical systems in terms of complexity, tracking ability, and convergence speed. Methods for equalization are discussed for time-domain- and frequency-domain-based receivers covering the most important algorithms. The general superiority of data-aided frequency-domain equalization is demonstrated.
Editors' Choice Communication—Comparison of Nanoscale Focused Ion Beam and Electrochemical Lithiation inβ-Sn Microspheres (2016)

The development of Li focused ion beams (Li-FIB) enables controlled Li ion insertion into materials with nanoscale resolution. We take the first step toward establishing the relevance of the Li-FIB for studies of ion dynamics in electrochemically active materials by comparing FIB lithiation with conventional electrochemical lithiation of isolated <i>β</i>-Sn microspheres. Samples are characterized by cross-sectioning with Ga FIB and imaging via electron microscopy. The Li-FIB and electrochemical lithiated Sn exhibit similarities that suggest that the Li-FIB can be a powerful tool for exploring dynamical Li ion-material interactions at the nanoscale in a range of battery materials.
Portable toxic vapor detector and analyzer using an electrochemical sensor array (1985)

Argonne National Laboratory is developing a portable device for the US Coast Guard that warns of hazardous situations caused by the presence of flammable or toxic vapors. The instrument hardware can be divided into four basic sections: the microcomputer, the analog-to-digital data acquisition, the controller, and the pneumatics. The microcomputer, which interfaces with an array of four electrochemical sensors, controls the instrument as it cycles through four modes of operation to collect 16 channels of independent data. The instrument has six pushbutton operations: zero, calibrate, test, identify, select, and universal monitor. A portable prototype detects, identifies, and quantitates unknown vapor mixtures and displays the hazard to users. 9 references, 3 figures, 2 tables.
Classification images for detection and position discrimination in the fovea and parafovea (2002)

Classification images provide an important new method for learning about which parts of the stimulus are used to make perceptual decisions and provide a new tool for measuring the template an observer uses to accomplish a task. Here we introduce a new method using one-dimensional sums of sinusoids as both test stimuli (discrete frequency patterns [DFP]) and as noise. We use this method to study and compare the templates used to detect a target and to discriminate the target's position in central and parafoveal vision. Our results show that, unsurprisingly, the classification images for detection in both foveal and parafoveal vision resemble the DFP test stimulus, but are considerably broader in spatial frequency tuning than the ideal observer. In contrast, the classification images for foveal position discrimination are not ideal, and depend on the size of the position offset. Over a range of offsets from close to threshold to about 90 arc sec, our observers appear to use a peak strategy (responding to the location of the peak of the luminance profile of the target plus noise). Position acuity is much less acute in the parafovea, and this is reflected in the reduced root efficiency (i.e., square root of efficiency) and the coarse classification images for peripheral position discrimination. The peripheral position template is a low spatial frequency template.
Animacroxam, a Novel Dual-Mode Compound Targeting Histone Deacetylases and Cytoskeletal Integrity of Testicular Germ Cell Cancer Cells (2017)

Novel approaches for the medical treatment of advanced solid tumors, including testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), are desperately needed. Especially, TGCT patients not responding to cisplatin-based therapy need therapeutic alternatives, as there is no effective medical treatment available for this particular subgroup. Here, we studied the suitability of the novel dual-mode compound animacroxam for TGCT treatment. Animacroxam consists of an HDAC-inhibitory hydroxamate moiety coupled to a 4,5-diarylimidazole with inherent cytoskeleton disrupting potency. Animacroxam revealed pronounced antiproliferative, cell-cycle arresting, and apoptosis-inducing effects in TGCT cell lines with different cisplatin sensitivities. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of animacroxam ranged from 0.22 to 0.42 μmol/L and were not correlated to the cisplatin sensitivity of the tumor cells. No unspecific cytotoxicity of animacroxam was observed in either cisplatin-sensitive or resistant TGCT cells, even at doses as high as 10 μmol/L. Furthermore, animacroxam induced the formation of actin stress fibers in cancer cells, thereby confirming the cytoskeleton-disrupting and antimigratory properties of its imidazole moiety. When compared with the clinically established HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, the novel dual-mode compound animacroxam exhibited superior antitumoral efficacy <i>in vitro</i> Animacroxam also reduced the tumor size of TGCT tumors <i>in vivo</i>, as evidenced by performing xenograft experiments on tumor bearing chorioallantoic membranes of fertilizes chicken eggs (CAM assay). The <i>in vivo</i> experiments also revealed a very good tolerability of the compound, and hence, animacroxam may be a promising candidate for innovative treatment of TGCT in general and the more so for platinum-insensitive or refractory TGCT. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2364-74. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Preparation and characterization of cationic polystyrene latex particles of different aminated surface charges (1995)

Abstract Functionalized polystyrene latex particles were obtained either by seed particle functionalization or by the shot‐growth procedure using 2,2′‐azobis (2‐amidino‐propane) dihydrochloride as an initiator and vinylbenzylamine hydrochloride as a cationic monomer. The capabilities of both processes to produce functionalized particles in terms of functionalization yields coming from surface amino group titrations were compared. Different titration methods were performed and a new technique was introduced using fluorescamine.
Expression of platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptors on human fibroblasts. Regulation by recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1992)

Abstract Stimulation of human fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB leads to a down-regulation of PDGF beta-receptors and a concomitant appearance of intracellular granular accumulations of receptors, as determined by stainings with the mAb PDGFR-B2. The granules contained both the ligand and PDGF beta-receptors, as revealed by double-immunofluorescence staining, and were formed in response to PDGF-BB but not in response to other cytokines tested. The formation of intracellular PDGF beta-receptor granules was dependent on PDGF-BB concentration and time of stimulation. The granular PDGF beta-receptor staining on cells treated with PDGF-BB for 1 h at 37 degrees C was used to investigate the effects of macrophage-derived cytokines on PDGF beta-receptor expression. The number of PDGF beta-receptor granules was found to be reduced in fibroblasts grown for 48 h in the presence of PDGF-BB, TNF-alpha, or IL-1; PDGF-AA under the same conditions had no effect. The reduction observed was paralleled by a decrease in cell surface expression of PDGF beta-receptors, measured as binding of 125I-PDGF-BB and of the PDGFR-B2 antibody. Furthermore, both TNF-alpha and IL-1 decreased the detergent-extractable pool of PDGF-beta receptors in the fibroblasts, as revealed by immunoblotting of detergent cell extracts. Finally, the decrease in PDGF beta-receptors after culturing of the cells in the presence of TNF-alpha and IL-1 was accompanied by a decreased incorporation of [3H]thymidine in response to PDGF-BB stimulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that certain macrophage-derived cytokines can modulate the expression of PDGF beta-receptors by cultured fibroblasts, which may contribute in part to their reduced responsiveness to PDGF.
Development of pulsed X-ray tube equipped streak camera system to study scintillation phenomenon (2010)

These instructions provide guidelines for preparing manuscripts for submission to the Conference Record (CR) of the 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. If you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later to prepare your manuscript, you should use this document as a template. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract.
// TODO: Help students improve commenting practices (2012)

One implicit purpose of writing software code is to communicate ideas. Commenting source code helps explain these ideas and provides background on the semantics of a program. Yet, enabling students to acquire good commenting practices remains difficult. Instructors can find it hard to meaningfully discuss such practices in both introductory and advanced undergraduate courses. Furthermore, comment grading is an imprecise, labor-intensive procedure at best. But just what practices should we be encouraging students to emulate? To help address these issues (learning about professional code commenting patterns and best practices, objectively grading student comments), we developed the COMTOR tool as an open source project and web service. COMTOR provides a platform for helping assess source code documentation in an objective, structured fashion. We conducted two experiments using COMTOR: one that examines a set of popular open-source Java code projects and one that measures a baseline of student-generated code comments. The latter are based on three semesters worth of data from two different undergraduate courses. Our aim is to extract knowledge about the state of professional practice in source code comments and how these properties vary over the lifetime of a project. We can then begin to make recommendations and communicate best practices (or a lack thereof) to our students.
Multicarrier Rate-Splitting Multiple Access: Superiority of OFDM-RSMA over OFDMA and OFDM-NOMA (2023)

Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is a multiple access technique generalizing conventional techniques, such as, space-division multiple access (SDMA), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and physical layer multi-casting, which aims to address multi-user interference (MUI) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this study, we leverage the interference management capabilities of RSMA to tackle the issue of inter-carrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. We formulate a problem to find the optimal subcarrier and power allocation for downlink transmission in a two-user system using RSMA and OFDM and propose a weighted minimum mean-square error (WMMSE)-based algorithm to obtain a solution. The sum-rate performance of the proposed OFDM-RSMA scheme is compared with that of conventional orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and OFDM-NOMA by numerical results. It is shown that the proposed OFDM-RSMA outperforms OFDM-NOMA and OFDMA under ICI in diverse propagation channel conditions owing to its flexible structure and robust interference management capabilities.
Estimation of the Noise Covariance Matrix for Rotating Sensor Arrays (2018)

Estimation of the noise covariance matrix is addressed for a sensor array that rotates during desired source activity. Applications include beamformer design for head-mounted microphone arrays in assistive hearing devices. We propose a parametric model which leads to an analytical expression for the sensor signal covariance as a function of the array orientation and array manifold. The model allows the estimated noise covariance matrix to be updated in response to array rotation even during desired source activity. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the method compared to a conventional, recursive estimation approach in which the estimate is not updated during desired source activity. The proposed method yields 18 dB lower error in the estimated noise covariance matrix and the resulting beamformer achieves noise reduction which is within 0.2 dB of an oracle beamformer.
Borinane Boosted Bifunctional Organocatalysts for Ultrafast Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ethers (2022)

The design of reactive species that can either serve to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of epoxides for the synthesis of high molar mass polyethers or be alternatively used to catalyze the synthesis of polyether telechelics in the presence of chain transfer agents has long been an elusive goal. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of bifunctional borinane-based catalysts that enable the living ring-opening polymerization of epoxides with an unprecedented activity (TOF ≥ 1.8 × 105 h–1) and a molar mass up to 106 g/mol under mild conditions. When used along with chain transfer agents to generate low Mn telechelics, the same borinane-based catalysts exhibit high productivity even for loading amounts as low as 50 ppb for ethylene oxide polymerization. These newly designed catalysts also afford the polymerization of oxetane with record TOF values and molar masses.
Increased Risk for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer-Associated Synchronous and Metachronous Malignancies in Patients with Microsatellite Instability-Positive Endometrial Carcinoma Lacking MLH1 Promoter Methylation (2004)

Our observation that patients with MSI-positive MLH1 unmethylated endometrial carcinoma are at increased risk for HNPCC-associated synchronous and metachronous malignancies suggests inherited cancer susceptibility. These patients and their families may warrant more intense cancer surveillance.
ChemInform Abstract: UNGESAETTIGTE KOHLENHYDRATE 15. MITT. SYNTH. VON (3′‐DESOXY‐HEX‐2‐ENO‐PYRANOSYL)‐PURIN‐DERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Durch Schmelzen von l,2,4,6‐Tetra‐O‐acyl‐3‐desoxy‐hex‐2‐enopyranosen oder den entsprechenden isomeren 2‐Hydroxy‐glykalestern mit Theophyllin oder 2,6‐Dichlor‐purin unter vermindertem Druck in Gegenwart von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure werden Gemische der Nucleoside (I) bzw. (II) erhalten, in denen das α‐Isomere jeweils bevorzugt gebildet wird.
708 Common and 2010 rare DISC1 locus variants identified in 1542 subjects: analysis for association with psychiatric disorder and cognitive traits (2013)

A balanced t(1;11) translocation that transects the Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene shows genome-wide significant linkage for schizophrenia and recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) in a single large Scottish family, but genome-wide and exome sequencing-based association studies have not supported a role for DISC1 in psychiatric illness. To explore DISC1 in more detail, we sequenced 528 kb of the DISC1 locus in 653 cases and 889 controls. We report 2718 validated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of which 2010 have a minor allele frequency of <1%. Only 38% of these variants are reported in the 1000 Genomes Project European subset. This suggests that many DISC1 SNPs remain undiscovered and are essentially private. Rare coding variants identified exclusively in patients were found in likely functional protein domains. Significant region-wide association was observed between rs16856199 and rMDD (P=0.026, unadjusted P=6.3 × 10(-5), OR=3.48). This was not replicated in additional recurrent major depression samples (replication P=0.11). Combined analysis of both the original and replication set supported the original association (P=0.0058, OR=1.46). Evidence for segregation of this variant with disease in families was limited to those of rMDD individuals referred from primary care. Burden analysis for coding and non-coding variants gave nominal associations with diagnosis and measures of mood and cognition. Together, these observations are likely to generalise to other candidate genes for major mental illness and may thus provide guidelines for the design of future studies.
Study of the autonomic response in hemodialysis patients with different fluid overload levels (2010)

This work aims at studying the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response to hemodialysis (HD) treatment in a population of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. ECG Holter recordings and whole body bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements were performed for each patient. Patients were classified according to the fluid overload (FO) values and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured before HD. Time domain and frequency domain indices from heart rate variability (HRV) signals were measured for the first 30 minutes and last 30 minutes of HD, the first hour after HD, and night (12.00 p.m.-4 a.m.). Significant differences were obtained in fluid overloaded but normotensive patients (Group IV) with respect to fluid overloaded and hypertensive patients (Group I) and normohydrated and normotensive patients (Group N+Dx). In particular, SDNN, RMSSD, SDSD, pNN50%, indices resulted significantly higher in Group IV with respect to the other groups. Overhydrated patients with hypertension (Group I) showed a blunted parasympathetic activity, which is supposed to contribute to hypertension.
Error probability of coded STBC systems in block fading environments (2006)

In this letter, a union bound on the error probability of coded multi-antenna systems over block fading channels is derived. The bound is based on uniform interleaving of the coded sequence prior to transmission over the channel. Using this argument the distribution of error bits over the fading blocks is computed and the corresponding pair wise error probability (PEP) is derived. We consider coded systems that concatenate a binary code with a space-time block code (STBC). Coherent detection is assumed with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver, where imperfect CSI is obtained using pilot-aided estimation. Under channel estimation environments, the tradeoff between channel diversity and channel estimation is investigated and the optimal channel memory is approximated analytically. Results show that the performance degradation due to channel memory decreases as the number of transmit antennas is increased. Moreover, the optimal channel memory increases with increasing the number of transmit antennas.
An Activity Index for Raw Accelerometry Data and Its Comparison with Other Activity Metrics (2020)

Accelerometers have been widely deployed in public health studies in recent years. While they collect high-resolution acceleration signals (e.g., 10–100 Hz), research has mainly focused on summarized metrics provided by accelerometers manufactures, such as the activity count (AC) by ActiGraph or Actical. Such measures do not have a publicly available formula, lack a straightforward interpretation, and can vary by software implementation or hardware type. To address these problems, we propose the physical activity index (AI), a new metric for summarizing raw tri-axial accelerometry data. We compared this metric with the AC and another recently proposed metric for raw data, Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO), against energy expenditure. The comparison was conducted using data from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study, in which 194 women 60–91 years performed 9 lifestyle activities in the laboratory, wearing a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) on the hip set to 30 Hz and an Oxycon portable calorimeter, to record both tri-axial acceleration time series (converted into AI, AC, and ENMO) and oxygen uptake during each activity (converted into metabolic equivalents (METs)) at the same time. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that both AI and ENMO were more sensitive to moderate and vigorous physical activities than AC, while AI was more sensitive to sedentary and light activities than ENMO. AI had the highest coefficients of determination for METs (0.72) and was a better classifier of physical activity intensity than both AC (for all intensity levels) and ENMO (for sedentary and light intensity). The proposed AI provides a novel and transparent way to summarize densely sampled raw accelerometry data, and may serve as an alternative to AC. The AI’s largely improved sensitivity on sedentary and light activities over AC and ENMO further demonstrate its advantage in studies with older adults.
Reconstitution of dynein transport to the microtubule plus end by kinesin (2014)

Cytoplasmic dynein powers intracellular movement of cargo toward the microtubule minus end. The first step in a variety of dynein transport events is the targeting of dynein to the dynamic microtubule plus end, but the molecular mechanism underlying this spatial regulation is not understood. Here, we reconstitute dynein plus-end transport using purified proteins from S. cerevisiae and dissect the mechanism using single-molecule microscopy. We find that two proteins-homologs of Lis1 and Clip170-are sufficient to couple dynein to Kip2, a plus-end-directed kinesin. Dynein is transported to the plus end by Kip2, but is not a passive passenger, resisting its own plus-end-directed motion. Two microtubule-associated proteins, homologs of Clip170 and EB1, act as processivity factors for Kip2, helping it overcome dynein's intrinsic minus-end-directed motility. This reveals how a minimal system of proteins transports a molecular motor to the start of its track.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02641.001.
The collagen matrix dural substitute graft prevents postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in patients aged <1 year (2022)

We speculate that DuraGen has a preventive effect on postoperative CSF leakage in VPS cases aged <1 year.
Novel [99mTcIII(PS)2(Ln)] Mixed-Ligand Compounds (PS = Phosphino-thiolate; L = Dithiocarbamate) Useful in Design and Development of TcIII-Based Agents: Synthesis, in Vitro, and ex Vivo Biodistribution Studies (2014)

A general procedure for the preparation of a new class of neutral six-coordinated mixed ligand [(99m)Tc(III)(PS)2(Ln)] compounds (PS = trisalkyl-phosphino-thiolate; Ln = dithiocarbamate) is reported as well as their in vitro stability and the ex vivo tissue distribution studies. [(99m)Tc(PS)2(Ln)] complexes were prepared in high yield in nearly physiologic conditions following a one-pot procedure. For instance, the chemical identity of [(99m)Tc(PSiso)2(L1)] (PSiso = 2-(diisopropylphosphino)ethanethiol; L1 = pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) was determined by HPLC comparison with the corresponding (99g)Tc-complex. All complexes comprise the stable [(99m)Tc(III)(PS)2](+) moiety, where the remaining two coordination positions are saturated by a dithiocarbamate chelate, also carrying bioactive molecules (e.g., 2-methoxyphenylpiperazine). [(99m)Tc(PS)2(Ln)] complexes were inert toward ligand exchange reactions. No significant in vitro and in vivo biotransformation were observed, underlining their remarkable thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. These results could be conveniently utilized to devise a novel class of (99m)Tc(III)-based compounds useful in radiopharmaceutical applications.
Isolated erythema multiforme of the oesophagus two years after cutaneous involvement. (2011)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published