gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Conductive, Bendable, Embedded Ag Nanoparticle Wire Arrays Via Convective Self‐Assembly: Hybridization into Ag Nanowire Transparent Conductors (2015)

The optoelectrical properties of Ag nanowire (NW) networks are improved by incorporating the NWs into highly conductive ordered arrays of Ag nanoparticle wires (NPWs) fabricated via surfactant‐assisted convective self‐assembly. The NPW–NW hybrid conductor displays a transmittance ( T ) of 90% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance ( R s ) of 5.7 Ω sq −1 , which is superior to the corresponding properties of the NW network showing a R s of 14.1 Ω sq −1 at a similar T . By the modified wettability of a donor substrate and the capillarity of water, the sintered NPW–NW hybrid conductors are perfectly transferred onto an UV‐curable photopolymer film, and the embedded hybrid conductors exhibit excellent electromechanical properties. The R s and T of the NPW arrays can be predicted by using a simple model developed to calculate the width and height of the hexagonal close‐packed particles formed during the convective self‐assembly. The numerical analysis reveals that the maximum Haacke figure of merit of the NW networks is increased considerably from 0.0260 to 0.0407 Ω −1 by integration with the NPW array. The highly conductive NPW arrays generated using a simple, low‐cost, and nonlithographic process can be applied to enhancing the performances of other transparent conductors, such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, and graphenes.
Nutrition and cardiac cachexia (2005)

Cardiac cachexia in congestive heart failure patients may be associated with a low level of physical activity. A high systemic inflammatory state is another marker of cardiac cachexia. Prudent anti-inflammatory nutrition, dietary supplements and exercise can serve to ameliorate and/or potentially prevent progressive wasting. A better understanding of factors contributing to the development of cardiac cachexia will enable us to design preventive strategies and provide improved care for individuals with this debilitating condition.
C-terminal splice variants of P/Q-type Ca2+ channel CaV2.1 α1 subunits are differentially regulated by Rab3-interacting molecule proteins (2017)

Voltage-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels (VDCCs) mediate neurotransmitter release controlled by presynaptic proteins such as the scaffolding proteins Rab3-interacting molecules (RIMs). RIMs confer sustained activity and anchoring of synaptic vesicles to the VDCCs. Multiple sites on the VDCC α<sub>1</sub> and β subunits have been reported to mediate the RIMs-VDCC interaction, but their significance is unclear. Because alternative splicing of exons 44 and 47 in the P/Q-type VDCC α<sub>1</sub> subunit Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 gene generates major variants of the Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 C-terminal region, known for associating with presynaptic proteins, we focused here on the protein regions encoded by these two exons. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that the C-terminal domain (CTD) encoded by Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 exons 40-47 interacts with the α-RIMs, RIM1α and RIM2α, and this interaction was abolished by alternative splicing that deletes the protein regions encoded by exons 44 and 47. Electrophysiological characterization of VDCC currents revealed that the suppressive effect of RIM2α on voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI) was stronger than that of RIM1α for the Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 variant containing the region encoded by exons 44 and 47. Importantly, in the Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 variant in which exons 44 and 47 were deleted, strong RIM2α-mediated VDI suppression was attenuated to a level comparable with that of RIM1α-mediated VDI suppression, which was unaffected by the exclusion of exons 44 and 47. Studies of deletion mutants of the exon 47 region identified 17 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side of a polyglutamine stretch as being essential for the potentiated VDI suppression characteristic of RIM2α. These results suggest that the interactions of the Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 CTD with RIMs enable Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 proteins to distinguish α-RIM isoforms in VDI suppression of P/Q-type VDCC currents.
Innovations in medical therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (2022)

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a pathological condition still characterized by high rates of mortality and disease exacerbation frequently leading to hospitalization, thus there is a continuous need for pharmacological treatments impacting on disease stability and long-term prognosis. Moreover, the phenotype of heart failure patients is continuously changing over time, and the development of new heart failure drugs is crucial to promote a personalized and targeted approach. In recent years, several therapeutic innovations have emerged in the landscape of acute and chronic HFrEF, largely changing and improving our approach to the disease. Various studies on new drugs and experimental therapeutic approaches are ongoing. The present review discusses the latest data on both recently approved drugs and developing therapeutic targets, in order to provide a critical overview for an informed and optimal approach to such a complex disease.
Intertube Excitonic Coupling in Nanotube Van der Waals Heterostructures (2021)

Abstract Strong intertube excitonic coupling is demonstrated in 1D van der Waals heterostructures by examining the ultrafast response of radial C/BN/MoS 2 core/shell/skin nanotubes to femtosecond infrared light pulses. Remarkably, infrared excitation of excitons in the semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) creates a prominent excitonic response in the visible range from the MoS 2 skin, even with infrared photons at energies well below the bandgap of MoS 2 . Via classical analogies and a quantum model of the light–matter interaction these findings are assigned to intertube excitonic correlations. Dipole–dipole Coulomb interactions in the coherent regime produce intertube biexcitons, which persist for tens of femtoseconds, while on longer timescales (&gt;100 ps) hole tunneling—from the CNT core, through the BN tunnel barrier, to the MoS 2 skin—creates intertube excitons. Charge transfer and dipole–dipole interactions thus play prominent roles on different timescales, and establish new possibilities for the multi‐functional use of these new nanoscale coaxial cables.
Hybrid Gene Origination Creates Human-Virus Chimeric Proteins during Infection (2020)

RNA viruses are a major human health threat. The life cycles of many highly pathogenic RNA viruses like influenza A virus (IAV) and Lassa virus depends on host mRNA, because viral polymerases cleave 5'-m7G-capped host transcripts to prime viral mRNA synthesis ("cap-snatching"). We hypothesized that start codons within cap-snatched host transcripts could generate chimeric human-viral mRNAs with coding potential. We report the existence of this mechanism of gene origination, which we named "start-snatching." Depending on the reading frame, start-snatching allows the translation of host and viral "untranslated regions" (UTRs) to create N-terminally extended viral proteins or entirely novel polypeptides by genetic overprinting. We show that both types of chimeric proteins are made in IAV-infected cells, generate T cell responses, and contribute to virulence. Our results indicate that during infection with IAV, and likely a multitude of other human, animal and plant viruses, a host-dependent mechanism allows the genesis of hybrid genes.
Atopic allergens of plant foods (2001)

The exact knowledge of what structural characteristics of an antigen are responsible for its allergenicity may not be available for several years. However, it is striking that the majority of the plant food allergens are clustered within a few protein families, and these are reviewed in this article. In most cases, plant food allergens are proteins that ensure the survival of the species as either seed storage proteins or proteins that are actively involved in the defence of the organism.
Recombination physics in III-nitrides and device implication from micro-LEDs to long-wavelength emitters (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We will present recent findings on the physics of III-nitride recombinations, including the demonstration of defect-assisted Auger recombination as a significant droop process, and the intricacies of low-current radiative recombinations, where alloy disorder and Coulomb interaction play a key role. We will discuss implications for future LED applications, from long-wavelength devices to low-power micro-LEDs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core of the Esperamicin/Calichemicin Class of Antitumor Agents. (1988)

Abstract The key step in the preparation of the title bicyclic core (VIIIa) is the cycloaddition reaction of the intermediate (VIIb).
Conditional over-expression of PITX1 causes skeletal muscle dystrophy in mice (2012)

Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) was specifically up-regulated in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) by comparing the genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of 12 neuromuscular disorders. In addition, it is the only known direct transcriptional target of the double homeobox protein 4 (DUX4) of which aberrant expression has been shown to be the cause of FSHD. To test the hypothesis that up-regulation of PITX1 contributes to the skeletal muscle atrophy seen in patients with FSHD, we generated a tet-repressible muscle-specific Pitx1 transgenic mouse model in which expression of PITX1 in skeletal muscle can be controlled by oral administration of doxycycline. After PITX1 was over-expressed in the skeletal muscle for 5 weeks, the mice exhibited significant loss of body weight and muscle mass, decreased muscle strength, and reduction of muscle fiber diameters. Among the muscles examined, the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, quadricep, bicep, tricep and deltoid showed significant reduction of muscle mass, while the soleus, masseter and diaphragm muscles were not affected. The most prominent pathological change was the development of atrophic muscle fibers with mild necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. The affected myofibers stained heavily with NADH-TR with the strongest staining in angular-shaped atrophic fibers. Some of the atrophic fibers were also positive for embryonic myosin heavy chain using immunohistochemistry. Immunoblotting showed that the p53 was up-regulated in the muscles over-expressing PITX1. The results suggest that the up-regulation of PITX1 followed by activation of p53-dependent pathways may play a major role in the muscle atrophy developed in the mouse model.
PERK-Mediated Suppression of microRNAs by Sildenafil Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure (2020)

Oxidative/nitrosative stress is a major trigger of cardiac dysfunction, involving the unfolded protein response and mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling by sildenafil improves cardiac mal-remodeling during pressure-overload-induced heart failure. Transcriptome analysis was conducted in failing hearts with or without sildenafil treatment. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) downstream signaling pathways, EIF2 and NRF2, were significantly altered. Although EIF2 signaling was suppressed, NRF2 signaling was upregulated, inhibiting the maturation of miR 24-3p through EGFR-mediated Ago2 phosphorylation. To study the effect of sildenafil on these pathways, we generated cardiac-specific PERK knockout mice. In these mice, sildenafil could not inhibit the maturations, the nuclear translocation of NRF2 was suppressed, and mitochondrial dysfunction advanced. Altogether, these results show that PERK-mediated suppression of miRNAs by sildenafil is vital for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response.
Context matters: The importance of dimerization-induced conformation of the LukGH leukocidin ofStaphylococcus aureusfor the generation of neutralizing antibodies (2016)

LukGH (LukAB) is a potent leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus that lyses human phagocytic cells and is thought to contribute to immune evasion. Unlike the other bi-component leukocidins of S. aureus, LukGH forms a heterodimer before binding to its receptor, CD11b expressed on professional phagocytic cells, and displays significant sequence variation. We employed a high diversity human IgG1 library presented on yeast cells to discover monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing the cytolytic activity of LukGH. Recombinant LukG and LukH monomers or a LukGH dimer were used as capture antigens in the library selections. We found that mAbs identified with LukG or LukH as bait had no or very low toxin neutralization potency. In contrast, LukGH dimer-selected antibodies proved to be highly potent, and several mAbs were able to neutralize even the most divergent LukGH variants. Based on biolayer interferometry and mesoscale discovery, the high affinity antibody binding site on the LukGH complex was absent on the individual monomers, suggesting that it was generated upon formation of the LukG-LukH dimer. X-ray crystallography analysis of the complex between the LukGH dimer and the antigen-binding fragment of a very potent mAb (PDB code 5K59) indicated that the epitope is located in the predicted cell binding region (rim domain) of LukGH. The corresponding IgG inhibited the binding of LukGH dimer to target cells. Our data suggest that knowledge of the native conformation of target molecules is essential to generate high affinity and functional mAbs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 3‐Amino‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones via Direct Azidation with Trisyl Azide. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Laser Flash Photolysis oftert-Butyl Aroylperbenzoates1 (2003)

tert-Butyl aroylperbenzoates (1-7) were synthesized. Single-crystal structures for 2 and 5 show that the perester and benzophenone carbonyl groups are almost coplanar in each. Laser flash photolysis (LFP, lambdaex = 355 nm) of 1-5 in CCl4 produces the corresponding aroylphenyl radicals (9-13). The lifetimes of the para aroyl-substituted phenyl radicals (9-12) are similar (approximately 0.4 micros), but each is shorter lived than the meta aroyl-substituted phenyl radical (13). LFP of 2, 6, and 7 also produces different (tert-butyldioxycarbonylbenzoyl)benzyl radicals (8, 14, and 15, lambdamax approximately 320 nm). The lifetimes of each in CCl4 have been found to be approximately 17-18 micros. The effect of substituents on the quantum yield of decomposition of 1-7 and the lifetimes of 9-13 is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Catalysis of Intersystem Crossing of Singlet ( Pentafluorophenyl)nitrene. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Search for Perovskite-Type New Boride in the Sc–Ni–B System (2003)

The search for a perovskite-type new boride in the Sc–Ni–B system has been carried out by the arc-melting synthetic method. As a result, the chemical formula of the compound ScNi3B0.5 was obtained for the first time. This compound has the cubic perovskite-type structure (space group: Pm3m) with the lattice parameter a=0.37760(7) nm. ScNi3B0.5 exhibits metallic behavior down to 4.2 K. The magnetic susceptibility of ScNi3B0.5 shows Pauli paramagnetism. No superconductivity appears down to the lowest temperature as determined by electric and magnetic measurements. The micro-Vickers hardness and oxidation resistivity in air are also reported for ScNi3B0.5.
Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 16: bone graft extenders and substitutes (2005)

Despite the large volume of animal data regarding the use of synthetic bone graft substitutes or extenders, there are very few data regarding the use of these substances for fusion in lumbar degenerative disease. The best available data indicate that rhBMP-2 is a viable alternative to autograft bone for interbody fusion procedures. This same substance may also be a viable alternative to autograft for PLF; however, definitive medical evidence is not yet available. There is little, if any, medical evidence to support the use of other biological agents at the present time. As promising new compounds are brought to market, well-designed cohort studies and randomized trials will be required to determine the actual usefulness of these compounds in clinical practice. It is important not to generalize the results obtained with one preparation or application to different preparations or applications. The use of synthetic calcium phosphate ceramics as graft extenders appears to be reasonable in certain situations. The medical evidence available regarding their use is limited and of poor quality. Further study will be required to establish their utility for use in spinal fusion.
Reactivity of HNO‐Induced Modifications and Its Relevance to Phospholamban Function (2015)

HNO, a potential heart failure therapeutic, is known to post-translationally modify cysteine residues. Among reactive nitrogen oxide species, the modification of cysteine residues to sulfinamides [RS(O)NH2] is unique to HNO. Because this modification can alter protein structure and function, we have examined the reactivity of sulfinamides in several systems, including small organic molecules, peptides, and a protein. At physiological pH and temperature, relevant reactions of sulfinamides involve reduction to free thiols in the presence of excess thiol and hydrolysis to form sulfinic acids [RS(O)OH]. In addition to utilizing ESI-MS and other spectroscopic methods to study sulfinamide reduction, we have applied 15N-edited 1H-NMR techniques to sulfinamide detection and used this method to explore sulfinamide hydrolysis. We have also investigated the effect of local environment on the reactivity of HNO with C-terminal cysteines. Our findings indicate that the nature of HNO-derived modifications of C-terminal cysteines is influenced by the C-terminal carboxylate. HNO has been shown to enhance cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ cycling independent of the β-adrenergic pathway. In a collaborative project, the effects of HNO on the cardiac protein, phospholamban (PLN) are investigated using 15N-edited NMR methods and biochemistry protocols. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (CHE-1213438) and Cardioxyl Pharmaceuticals.
Patching of Lattice Defects in Two-Dimensional Diffusion Barriers (2018)

Two-dimensional crystals offer promise as diffusion barriers that can also facilitate electronic conduction through the barrier plane via tunneling. We present barriers in which crystal imperfections are patched, leaving the pristine regions of the crystal exposed and able to both prevent diffusion and allow electronic conduction. This is accomplished by atomic layer deposition, where nucleation of patch material is inhibited on the pristine crystal and promoted elsewhere. Demonstrations of the effectiveness of this technique are performed in the contexts of sulfur diffusion control in photovoltaic kesterite devices and oxygen diffusion control in oxide-based resistive switching devices.
A Game Theoretic Model for the Gaussian Broadcast Channel (2012)

The behavior of rational and selfish players (receivers) over a multiple-input multiple-output Gaussian broadcast channel is investigated using the framework of noncooperative game theory. In contrast to the game-theoretic model of the Gaussian multiple access channel where the set of feasible actions for each player is independent of other players' actions, the strategies of the players in the broadcast channel are mutually coupled, usually by a sum power or joint covariance constraint, and hence cannot be treated using traditional Nash equilibrium solution concepts. To characterize the strategic behavior of receivers connected to a single transmitter, this paper models the broadcast channel as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem with coupled constraints. The concept of normalized equilibrium (NoE) is used to characterize the equilibrium points and the existence and uniqueness of the NoE are proven for key scenarios.
Defects Limiting Carrier Lifetime in 4H-SiC Epilayers (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Term aggregation (2004)

We present a text mining method for finding synonymous expressions based on the distributional hypothesis in a set of coherent corpora. This paper proposes a new methodology to improve the accuracy of a term aggregation system using each author's text as a coherent corpus. Our approach is based on the idea that one person tends to use one expression for one meaning. According to our assumption, most of the words with similar context features in each author's corpus tend not to be synonymous expressions. Our proposed method improves the accuracy of our term aggregation system, showing that our approach is successful.
Small-molecule interactions of six Oxytricha nova G-quadruplex-ligand complexes studied by X-ray crystallography (2007)

4735 The terminal 150-200 nucleotides at the 3’-end of human telomeres is single-stranded. This overhang is normally protected by single-stranded binding proteins. However induction of G-quadruplex formation in the single-stranded region by quadruplex-binding ligands can inhibit the synthesis of further telomeric DNA repeats by the telomerase enzyme, which is expressed in the majority of common cancers. This leads to selective cellular senescence, and in favourable cases, to selective cancer cell kill. We are using structure-based design methods to provide insight into ligand-quadruplex recognition at the molecular level, and so develop more selective inhibitors. We are using the telomeric Oxytricha nova G-quadruplex as a model for human quadruplexes, and have determined the X-ray structures of such complexes between it and a series of six di-substituted aminoalkylamido acridine compounds. We have found two binding sites, one within the thymine loop, and a second external one. The flexibility of the thymine loop at the first binding site manifests itself through adopting a thymine flip conformation in response to the steric effects of increasing the overall size of the side-chain substituents. This steric effect causes a second binding pocket to be formed, external to the quadruplex and sandwiched between one quadruplex and its symmetry-related mate in the crystal lattice. This pocket is occupied by an extra ligand which contributes to crystal packing. The stabilities of the ligands in the loop and external binding site are being compared by molecular dynamics simulations.