gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel transmit PUlse design for Saturation Homogeneity (PUSH) for Magnetization Transfer imaging at 7T (2022)

Purpose: This work proposes a novel RF pulse design for parallel transmit (pTx) systems to obtain uniform saturation of semisolid magnetization for Magnetization Transfer (MT) contrast in the presence of transmit field ($B_1^+$) inhomogeneities. The semisolid magnetization is usually modeled as being purely longitudinal, with the applied $B_1^+$ field saturating but not rotating its magnetization, thus standard pTx pulse design methods do not apply. Theory and Methods: Pulse design for Saturation Homogeneity (PUSH) optimizes pTx RF pulses by considering uniformity of root-mean squared $B_1^+$, $B_1^{rms}$, which relates to the rate of semisolid saturation. Here we considered designs consisting of a small number of spatially non-selective sub-pulses optimized over either a single 2D plane or 3D. Simulations and in vivo experiments on a 7T Terra system with an 8-TX Nova head coil in 5 subjects were carried out to study the homogenization of $B_1^{rms}$ and of the MT contrast by acquiring MT ratio maps. Results: Simulations and in vivo experiments showed up to 6 and 2 times more uniform $B_1^{rms}$ compared to circular polarized (CP) mode for 2D and 3D optimizations, respectively. This translated into 4 and 1.25 times more uniform MT contrast, consistently for all subjects, where 2 sub-pulses were enough for the implementation and coil used. Conclusion: The proposed PUSH method obtains more uniform and higher MT contrast than CP mode within the same SAR budget.
PIASy-Deficient Mice Display Modest Defects in IFN and Wnt Signaling (2004)

Protein inhibitors of activated STATs (PIAS) represent a small family of nuclear proteins that modulate the activity of many transcription factors and act as E3 ligases for covalent modification of proteins with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). In particular, PIASy has been shown to inhibit the activation of gene expression by the IFN-responsive transcription factor STAT1 and the Wnt-responsive transcription factor LEF1. To assess the function of PIASy in vivo, we generated and analyzed mice carrying a targeted mutation of the Piasy gene. We find that homozygous mutant mice have no obvious morphological defects and have a normal distribution of lymphocyte populations. Molecular analysis of signaling in response to IFN-gamma and Wnt agonists revealed a modest reduction in the activation of endogenous and transfected target genes. Two-dimensional analysis of total proteins and SUMO-modified proteins in transformed pre-B cells showed no significant differences between wild-type mice and homozygous mutant mice. Taken together, our data indicate that PIASy has a modest effect on cytokine and Wnt signaling, suggesting a redundancy with other members of the family of PIAS proteins.
The Kinetic Order of an Interfacial Diels–Alder Reaction Depends on the Environment of the Immobilized Dienophile (2000)

Cyclovoltammetrisch wurde die Kinetik der Diels-Alder-Reaktion von Cyclopentadien mit Chinon, das auf einer Monoschicht immobilisiert war (siehe Schema), untersucht. Aus der Abnahme des Stroms bei der Umsetzung der redoxaktiven Chinoneinheiten unter Bildung des redoxinaktiven Addukts ließ sich ermitteln, dass es sich um eine Reaktion zweiter Ordnung handelt, wenn in der Monoschicht auch Hydroxygruppen vorhanden sind (X=OH), und um eine Reaktion erster Ordnung, wenn stattdessen Methylgruppen vorliegen (X=CH3).
#4285 CAUSES OF PEDIATRIC END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE IN SUDAN (2023)

Abstract Background and Aims Sudan is a large Sub-Saharan country with a population of about 48 million people, 41% of them under the age of 15 years and a median age of 18.9 years. To data, no data have been reported on the etiology of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children and young adults of less than 18 years of age. Method We conducted a chart review of all ESKD patients below the age of 18 years treated in a tertiary referral center, the Soba University Hospital (SUH) in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. The research was approved by the SUH ethical committee. We report descriptive statics, including age, sex, ESKD causes, and kidney biopsy frequency. Results We included 885 patients in this analysis, their mean age (SD) was 12 (3.0) years and 57.7% were males. Glomerulonephritis, mostly post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, was the leading cause of ESKD (36.8%), followed by unknown etiologies (25.3%) and congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT; 14.9%). In most patients with glomerulonephritis the diagnosis was based on kidney histology (96.6%). ESKD was attributed to HUS in about 7% of patients. As expected, SLE was more prevalent in females (3:1 ratio) and hereditary nephritis in males (3:1). Conclusion Glomerulonephritis and CAKUT account for over 50% of pediatric ESKD patients in this study from a tertiary referral center in Sudan.
Spectral Reflectance Estimation Using Projector with Unknown Spectral Power Distribution (2020)

A lighting-based multispectral imaging system using an RGB camera and a projector is one of the most practical and low-cost systems to acquire multispectral observations for estimating the scene's spectral reflectance information. However, existing projector-based systems assume that the spectral power distribution (SPD) of each projector primary is known, which requires additional equipment such as a spectrometer to measure the SPD. In this paper, we present a method for jointly estimating the spectral reflectance and the SPD of each projector primary. In addition to adopting a common spectral reflectance basis model, we model the projector's SPD by a low-dimensional model using basis functions obtained by a newly collected projector's SPD database. Then, the spectral reflectances and the projector's SPDs are alternatively estimated based on the basis models. We experimentally show the performance of our joint estimation using a different number of projected illuminations and investigate the potential of the spectral reflectance estimation using a projector with unknown SPD.
Impact of filter configurations on bipolar EGMs: An optimal filter setting for identifying VT substrates (2023)

Bipolar EGMs are strongly affected by filter settings in scar/border areas. In all, 30-250 or 30-500 Hz may be the best configuration, minimizing the baseline fluctuation, baseline noise, and detecting LAVAs. Not applying the 50-Hz notch filter may be beneficial to avoid missing VT substrate.
Bisphosphorylation of a vic-diol using a phosphite approach: synthesis of myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (1987)

(±)-myo-Inositol 4,5-bisphosphate was synthesized using a phosphite chemistry approach; bisphosphorylation was confirmed by the observation of the first 5JPP coupling in a bisphosphite triester intermediate.
Speech annotation by multi-sensory recording (1998)

This paper describes our effort to mark and annotate read Cantonese speech for both citation pronunciation and reading aloud sentences/phrases. Four signals are recorded simultaneously to assist marking and annotation: acoustic, laryngograph, nasal and air burst signals. A coarse match between voiced segments of speech and voiced segments of the phonetic spelling of the utterance is executed by dynamic programming as for approximate string matching. Finally, we discuss general issues in the design of our software for annotation.
Patient-Specific Identification of Optimal Ubiquitous Electrocardiogram (U-ECG) Placement Using a Three-Dimensional Model of Cardiac Electrophysiology (2012)

A bipolar mini-ECG for ubiquitous healthcare (U-ECG) has been introduced, and various studies using the U-ECG device are in progress. Because it uses two electrodes within a small torso surface area, the design of the U-ECG must be suitable for detecting ECG signals. Using a 3-D model of cardiac electrophysiology, we have developed a simulation method for identifying the optimal placement of U-ECG electrodes on the torso surface. We simulated the heart-torso model to obtain a body surface potential map and ECG waveforms, which were compared with the empirical data. Using this model, we determined the optimal placement of the two U-ECG electrodes, spaced 5 cm apart, for detecting the P, R, and T waves. The ECG data, obtained using the optimal U-ECG placement for a specific wave, showed a clear shape for the target wave, but equivocal shapes for the other waves. The present study provides an efficient simulation method to identify the optimal attachment position and direction of the U-ECG electrodes on the surface of the torso.
Tunnel Magnetoresistance of Ferromagnetic Antiperovskite MnGaN/MgO/CoFeB Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2016)

We report on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) composed of a ferromagnetic antiperovskite MnGaN film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The p-MTJ multilayer stack with MnGaN/Mg/MgO/Fe/CoFeB was used to control the MgO interface conditions by the Mg and Fe insertion layers. The Mg insertion under the MgO barrier enhanced the perpendicular anisotropy of the top Fe/CoFeB layers with post-annealing process, and thus nearly perfect perpendicular magnetization was realized. A perpendicular TMR ratio up to 3.7%$\sim 3.8$ % was obtained at room temperature. The obtained low TMR ratio is mainly attributed to the imperfect MgO barrier, which includes many lattice-misfit dislocations at the MnGaN/MgO interface due to the large lattice mismatch of 8%. This paper suggests that improving the interface state and reducing the lattice mismatch will be required to observe a higher perpendicular TMR ratio using an MnGaN electrode.
Monolayers of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-Tosylate at the Air−Water Interface. 2. Neutron Reflection (1998)

Neutron reflection has been used to determine the position of the p-tosylate ion in monolayers of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium cation (C16TA+) at the air−water interface. The monolayer was in equilibrium with a solution of composition 1 mM C16TAB and 3 mM sodium tosylate. The area per molecule of the surfactant was found to be 0.45 and 0.52 nm2 respectively in the absence and presence of tosylate and 0.42 nm2 in the presence of 3 mM NaBr. The ratio of tosylate to C16TA+ in the layer was found to be 0.8. Five isotopic species of the C16TA+ were labeled with deuterium in blocks of four atoms (C4D8, C4D9, or headgroup (CD3)3N), and the separation between the center of each of these blocks and the deuterated tosylate ion was determined. The values show that the average position of the tosylate ion in the layer is at exactly the same level as the third block of four carbons in the C16TA+ (the first block is defined as that containing the terminal methyl group); i.e., the tosylate ion is mainly in the hydrophobic region of the monolayer. This conclusion is further confirmed from the separation of the average tosylate ion and the midpoint of the water distribution, which was found to be 0.7 ± 0.3 nm. Taken in conjunction with sum-frequency spectroscopy measurements on the same system, which give the orientation of the tosylate ion in the interface, and the effect of added sodium tosylate on the surface tension of C16TAB, the tosylate is shown to be acting much more like a cosurfactant than like a normal counterion.
12 kV, 1 cm<sup>2</sup> SiC GTO Thyristors with Negative Bevel Termination (2012)

In this paper, for the first time, we report 12 kV, 1 cm 2 SiC GTOs demonstrated with a novel negative bevel termination, which improves the breakdown voltage by &gt;3.5 kV compared to the conventional multiple-zone Junction Termination Extension (JTE). The significant improvement in the blocking voltage was attributed to the elimination of the electrical field crowding in the periphery of the mesa with conventional JTE termination. This new termination has been used in both electrically and optically triggered SiC GTOs. An ultrafast turn-on speed of 70 ns has been measured on 12 kV, 1 cm 2 SiC light triggered GTOs.
Using Biometrics to Fight Credential Fraud (2019)

Verifiable credentials are an exciting innovation in decentralized and self-sovereign identity. However, the ease of copying digital files and sharing cryptographic keys makes an old problem from physical credential space more pressing: How do we prevent a credential from being used by someone other than its legitimate holder? Biometrics provide an answer - but they also introduce some complexity as well as trust and privacy concerns that need careful treatment. In this article, we explore three patterns of biometric use with verifiable credentials, identify appropriate use cases for each, and recommend best practices that make the patterns trustworthy, robust, and interoperable.
Low-complexity R-peak detection as a first step in ambulatory fetal monitoring (2012)

Fetal Heart Rate (fHR) monitoring and derivation of the fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) are important in assessing fetal distress during pregnancy and delivery. Currently used methods of obtaining the fECG using an invasive scalp electrode are however not suited for long term observation throughout the pregnancy due to their invasiveness. A recently published method enables monitoring of the fHR and fECG non-invasively using abdominal contact electrodes [1]. The method removes the maternal ECG (mECG) to increase the SNR implementing the following steps: preprocessing, maternal R-peak detection, mECG estimation, and mECG subtraction. Due to its complexity however, the method proposed in [1] is unsuitable for continuous ambulatory use. In order to reduce the algorithms’ complexity, the maternal R-peak detection step is replaced [2]. A new R-peak detection algorithm based on the Discrete-Time Continuous Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) is proposed as a first step in reducing the overall computational complexity of [1], while increasing detection quality of the maternal R-peak detection.
<title>Self-aligned assembly of microlens arrays with micromirrors</title> (1999)

Lenslet integrated Micro-Electro-Mechanical Deformable Micromirrors (LMEM-DMs) are electrostatic micromirror arrays fabricated through a commercial surface micromachining process and integrated with polymer or glass microlenses. The electronics resins (Photo-BCB) which are photo-sensitive polymers were used to fabricate polymer microlens arrays. A 4 X 4 element photo-BCB Cyclotene microlens array was fabricated on a thin quartz substrate. Self-aligned soldering flip-chip assembly is applied to integrate microlens arrays directly over the micromirrors. The lens/mirror gap is controlled using the final height of solder balls, and the lateral alignment is achieved by the solder self-aligning mechanism. The LMEM-DM is attractive due to its low cost and the low drive voltages. The use of a lenslet to focus the incoming laser beam onto the reflective surface of a micromirror substantially increases overall optical fill factor of the micromirror array. The LMEM-DM provides superior aberration correction with low residual diffraction effects. For mirror deflections much smaller than the lenslet focal length, the LMEM-DM behaves as a phase-only modulating optical element. The LMEM-DM thus serves as a rugged, compact optical element for beam steering, beam shaping, and aberration correction applications.
The proliferative capacity of the subventricular zone is maintained in the parkinsonian brain (2011)

There are many indications that neurogenesis is impaired in Parkinson's disease, which might be due to a lack of dopamine in the subventricular zone. An impairment in neurogenesis may have negative consequences for the development of new therapeutic approaches in Parkinson's disease, as neural stem cells are a potential source for endogenous repair. In this study, we examined the subventricular zone of 10 patients with Parkinson's disease and 10 age- and sex-matched controls for proliferation and neural stem cell numbers. We also included five cases with incidental Lewy body disease, which showed Parkinson's disease pathology but no clinical symptoms and thus did not receive dopaminergic treatment. We quantified the neural stem cell number and proliferative capacity in the subventricular zone of these three donor groups. We found subventricular neural stem cells in each donor, with a high variation in number. We did not observe significant differences in neural stem cell number or in proliferation between the groups. Additionally, we were able to culture neural stem cells from post-mortem brain of several patients with Parkinson's disease, confirming the presence of viable neural stem cells in these brains. We have also examined the subventricular zone of a chronic, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model, and again found no effect of dopaminergic denervation on precursor proliferation. Lastly, we investigated the proliferation capacity of two different human neural stem cell lines in response to dopamine. Both cell lines did not respond with a change in proliferation to treatment with dopamine agonists and an antagonist. In summary, the adult neural stem cell pool in the subventricular zone was not clearly affected in the human parkinsonian brain or a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Furthermore, we did not find evidence that dopamine has a direct effect on human neural stem cell proliferation in vitro. Thus, we conclude that the number of adult neural stem cells is probably not diminished in the parkinsonian brain and that dopamine depletion most likely has no effect on human neural stem cells.
Breast Reconstruction Outcomes after Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy (2015)

Nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction in patients who had or will receive radiation therapy is associated with a higher incidence of complications and operative revisions compared with patients without radiation. However, most patients have successful reconstructions with nipple retention and no recurrences.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Molybdenum: Theory versus Experiment (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
1P2-K02 Motion Discrimination Method Considering Variation of EMG Signals associated with Lapse of Time (2015)

This study developed a motion discrimination method considering variation of EMG signals associated with lapse of time. In previous study, we proposed real-time discrimination method based on EMG signals of forearm. Our method uses hypersphere model as a discriminator. In motion discrimination using EMG signals, there is a problem to maintain high discrimination accuracy over time. It's known that EMG signals changes along with lapse of time. This study analyzed the effect of changes in EMG signals to our method. From result of the analysis, we propose adding relearning system of decision criteria to the discrimination system. A motion discrimination method that contains the relearning system was created and the effectiveness of adding relearning system was experimentally verified. The motion discrimination system was able to discriminate 3 hand motions with discrimination accuracy above 90 % and discrimination processing time below 300 ms even after the time has elapsed.
Restriction in hip internal rotation is associated with an increased risk of ACL injury (2014)

Cohort study, Level IV.
Evidence for membrane flow through pores in stacked phospholipid membranes (2012)

We present evidence for an inter-bilayer transport mode of lipid molecules in solid-supported double bilayer membranes via membrane defects. The observation of avalanche rupturing in isolated membrane areas of flat giant unilamellar vesicles, i.e., double bilayers, in the distal (with respect to the solid support) bilayer revealed migration of the membrane material between the stacked bilayers, which we can explain by the presence of defects. The presence of the interconnections was indirectly observed by monitoring the area development of the isolated membrane patches during rupturing. These new findings can help to better describe the dynamic processes in biological structures, featuring stacks of phospholipid bilayers, such as mitochondrial shape dynamics.
Beamforming Effects on Measured mm-Wave Channel Characteristics (2011)

Beamforming is an important feature of 60 GHz communications. We present an analysis of the influence of beamforming in indoor ultrawideband radio channels measured in the mm-wave 60 GHz band. The performance of narrowband and wideband direction-based beamformers is investigated in terms of improving channel metrics such as the delay spread, excess delay, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The performance of the direction-based beamformers is compared with dominant eigenmode transmission and statistical beamforming. Our analysis reveals that in line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios, the two direction-based beamformers have a similar performance that approaches the upper bound set by dominant eigenmode transmission. In non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios, the direction-based beamformers show a performance degradation in relation to the upper bound, with the narrowband beamformer worse off than the wideband variant. The array gain in our measured NLOS scenarios is observed to exceed the theoretical upper limit valid for a rich scattering environment. We show that this result follows from the spatial structure of the measured NLOS channels that has only a few strong reflected components. We investigate the influence of array size on beamforming performance; 5×5 planar arrays are observed to improve the channel's delay metrics as well as the larger 7×7 planar arrays.