gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operational Considerations for Active Electromagnetic Suspension Systems (2022)

Abstract The use of active suspensions has been rekindled by increasingly stringent comfort requirements in light of the diffusion of electric and safe-driving vehicles. In particular, electromagnetic solutions can guarantee intrinsic reversibility and regenerative operation, which would allow for energy harvesting and/or reuse on active quadrants. However, the use of non-ideal actuators has an impact in the regenerative and active capabilities of any active damping solution. To address this shortcoming, this work aims at validating optimal active operation. Hence, a linear quadratic regulator is used to tune a linear optimal control strategy in a quarter-car model. This plant is equipped first with an ideal actuator. Later, this device is enhanced with multiple non-ideal features: inertial and friction contributions of the moving parts, compliance of the parts that exchange forces with the suspension and the resistive load of the motor windings. Details regarding comfort, handling, are compared. Then, the realistic actuator model is compared for comfort- and handling-oriented control tasks. For both strategies, operational aspects like dynamic performance, control calibration, suspension duty cycle, damping force-speed characteristics and power absorption are discussed. It is demonstrated that a significant part of the control effort is used to mitigate non-ideal features of the realistic actuator.
Soap (2007)

Computer mice do not work in mid air. The reason is that a mouse is really only half an input device - the other half being the surface the mouse is operated on, such as a mouse pad. In this demo, we demonstrate how to combine a mouse and a mouse pad into soap, a device that can be operated in mid air with a single hand. We have used soap to control video games, interact with wall displays and Windows Media Center, and to give slide presentations.
Regulation of Cell Growth by Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate (1972)

Abstract Growth stops at confluency in mouse 3T3 cells and in MA308 human diploid fibroblasts even with frequent changes of media. Accompanying this cessation of growth is an increase in the endogenous levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cyclic AMP). In WI38 human diploid fibroblasts cyclic AMP levels do not rise as the cells grow to high densities with frequent media renewals: however, if the medium is not replenished, cyclic AMP levels rise as growth slows, presumably due to depletion of some serum factor. Initiation of DNA synthesis in confluent 3T3 cells by the addition of fresh serum is preceded by a decrease in cyclic AMP levels. The cyclic AMP levels also decrease following addition of trypsin or insulin, agents which stimulate DNA synthesis and cell growth. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which inhibits cell growth in L-929 cells, raises cyclic AMP levels. Insulin alone has no effect, but when added with PGE1 it will partially prevent the elevation of cyclic AMP levels and corresponding inhibition of growth. The results give further support for the proposal that cyclic AMP regulates cell growth and mediates contact inhibition of growth.
Traveling Reaction Zone Method for Preparation of Textured Ceramic Superconductor Thick Films (1990)

Textured thick films of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x (YBCO) have been prepared on ceramic substrates using a traveling reaction zone method. The technique utilizes the rapid reaction between Y 2 Cu 2 O 5 and BaCuO 2 to form YBCO as the film passes through a steep temperature gradient furnance. The films consist of a single continuous superconducting phase with strong c ‐axis orientation normal to the translation direction of the film.
A ring opening reaction of benzisothiazolones. A new route to unsymmetrical disulfides (1997)

Abstract A series of unsymmetrical disulfides has been prepared by employing a reaction involving a ring opening, nucleophilic attack of a thiol on a 1,2‐benzisothiazol‐3‐one. The benzisothiazolones were in turn prepared by an intramolecular ring closure of an amide on a sulfenyl thiocarbonate. The sulfenyl esters were synthesized as intermediates for preparing mixed‐disulfides, but the benzisothiazolone ring closure occurred spontaneously. It was initially thought that the mixed‐disulfides were being formed from the sulfenyl ester, but the isolation and stepwise reaction of the benzisothiazolones provided proof for the reaction mechanism.
Epithelial Ovarian Tumors of Low Malignant Potential (2002)

In Brief OBJECTIVE To identify prognostic factors that may be used to predict an aggressive disease course and poor outcome in patients with epithelial ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (borderline tumors). METHODS Data on 126 patients with ovarian borderline tumors were analyzed with regard to demographic characteristics, staging, presence of microinvasion, duration of follow-up, recurrence rate, rate of recurrence as invasive disease, mortality rate, preoperative and postoperative CA-125, and treatment. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate proportions for statistical significance. Disease-free and overall survival was calculated by using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS Patients were followed for a median of 39.0 months (mean 47.8 months). Seven patients (5.6%) had recurrent disease. Advanced stage disease and microinvasion were associated with significantly higher recurrence and mortality rates than were stage I/II disease and borderline tumors without microinvasion, respectively. Two of 13 (15%, 95% CI 8.7, 21.3) patients with microinvasion died of recurrent invasive cancer, whereas only 1 out of 113 patients without microinvasion died of recurrent borderline tumor (OR 20.4, 95% CI 1.2, 239). All 3 patients with an aggressive disease course and poor outcome had increasing CA 125 levels at the time of recurrence. CONCLUSION Certain patients with microinvasion may be at higher risk for recurrence as invasive disease and may require different treatment strategies. CA 125 monitoring may have a role in early detection of recurrence in patients with aggressive disease. Certain epithelial ovarian tumors of low malignant potential with microinvasion may be at high risk for recurrence as invasive cancer.
Image-based X-ray visualization techniques for spatial understanding in outdoor augmented reality (2014)

This paper evaluates different state-of-the-art approaches for implementing an X-ray view in Augmented Reality (AR). Our focus is on approaches supporting a better scene understanding and in particular a better sense of depth order between physical objects and digital objects. One of the main goals of this work is to provide effective X-ray visualization techniques that work in unprepared outdoor environments. In order to achieve this goal, we focus on methods that automatically extract depth cues from video images. The extracted depth cues are combined in ghosting maps that are used to assign each video image pixel a transparency value to control the overlay in the AR view. Within our study, we analyze three different types of ghosting maps, 1) alpha-blending which uses a uniform alpha value within the ghosting map, 2) edge-based ghosting which is based on edge extraction and 3) image-based ghosting which incorporates perceptual grouping, saliency information, edges and texture details. Our study results demonstrate that the latter technique helps the user to understand the subsurface location of virtual objects better than using alpha-blending or the edge-based ghosting.
Adhesion Behavior of Thermoplastic Polyimides and Poly(imide-siloxane) Segmented Copolymers: Influence of Test Temperatures (1992)

Abstract Soluble and thermoplastically processable fully cyclized BTDA-DDS based polyimide homopolymers and multiphase poly(imide-siloxane) segmented copolymers with controlled molecular weight and non-reactive end groups were synthesized via solution imidization. Adhesive properties were investigated using melt-laminated, single-lap-shear samples prepared from surface-treated Ti-6A1-4V adherends and compression-molded adhesive films. Tests were conducted at room temperature, 100, 150, 200, and 250°C. The room-temperature adhesive bond strengths increased with poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomer incorporation up to 30 weight percent and were optimum with the lowest controlled molecular weight range investigated (20,000 gm/mole). Lap shear values at 25[ddot] C as high as 50 MPA (7,000 psi) were obtained. The results suggest that melt flow and bond consolidation were critical parameters directly correlated with the lap shear strength. TMA penetration-temperature measurements were consistent with this view. As the test temperature was increased, the homopolymer and 10%-siloxane copolymer showed maximum bond strengths at 200 and 150°C, respectively, while 20% and 30% siloxane-modified copolymers demonstrated decreasing bond strength, relative to their room temperature values.
Use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of ocular disease (1995)

The polymerase chain reaction is a recently introduced laboratory technique that allows for the identification of extremely small quantities of DNA. This technique offers significant advantages over more traditional methods of identifying infectious organisms causing ocular pathology. Increasing numbers of immunosuppressed and immunocompromised patients have led to the emergence of posterior segment infection from unusual and sometimes difficult to diagnose organisms. Improvements in antibiotic and antiviral therapy for specific organisms will require increasingly accurate diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction is capable of providing this and is increasingly being used in the diagnosis of unusual vitreoretinal pathology.
Correlation between home and clinic spirometry in subjects with IPF: results from the INMARK trial (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Frequent home-based spirometry may provide more accurate estimates of lung function in patients with IPF than intermittent spirometry performed at clinic visits. <b>Aim:</b> To assess the relationship between home and clinic spirometry in the INMARK trial. <b>Methods:</b> Subjects with IPF and FVC ≥80% predicted were randomised to receive nintedanib or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by open-label nintedanib for 40 weeks. Subjects were asked to perform home spirometry at least once a week and ideally daily. Clinic spirometry was conducted at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 and 52. Correlations between home and clinic measurements of FVC (mL) and FEV<sub>6</sub> (mL) at each time point, and between home- and clinic-measured rates of FVC decline at each time point, were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients (r). <b>Results:</b> Among all treated subjects (n=346), strong correlations were observed between home and clinic measurements of FVC (r=0.72 to 0.84) and FEV<sub>6</sub> (r=0.71 to 0.85) at all time points. In the 116 subjects treated with nintedanib for 52 weeks, home- and clinic-measured rates of FVC decline were −127 and −89 mL/52 weeks, respectively, and the home-measured rate of FEV<sub>6</sub> decline was −113 mL/52 weeks. Correlations between rates of FVC decline based on home versus clinic spirometry were weak but increased over 52 weeks (r=0.00 and r=0.26 for the rate of decline over 4 and 52 weeks, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> In subjects with IPF and preserved FVC, home and clinic measurements of FVC and FEV<sub>6</sub> at visits over 52 weeks were strongly correlated. These data suggest that home-based spirometry might be a feasible way to monitor lung function in patients with IPF over 52 weeks.
Arbitrary-scan imaging for two-photon microscopy (2010)

In this paper, we present details of a scanning two-photon fluorescence microscope we have built with a nearisotropic scan rate. This means that the focal spot can be scanned at high speed along any direction in the specimen, without introducing systematic aberrations. We present experimental point spread function measurements for this system using an Olympus 0.8 NA 40X water dipping objective lens that demonstrates an axial range of operation greater than 200 &mu;m. We give details of a novel actuator device used to displace the focusing element and demonstrate axial scan responses up to 3.5 kHz. Finally, we present a bioscience application of this system to image dendritic processes that follow non-linear paths in three-dimensional space. The focal spot was scanned along one such process at 400 Hz with an axial range of more than 90 &mu;m.
Collisionless Damping of a Large Amplitude Whistler Wave (1971)

Nonlinear damping of electromagnetic waves propagating along a uniform magnetic field has been calculated by computing nonlinear trajectories for trapped and resonant untrapped particles while using linear theory to describe the rest. This procedure parallels O'Neil's calculation for electrostatic modes, and the results are qualitatively similar. After an initial linear damping, amplitude oscillations set in and the amplitude quickly approaches a finite constant value. The frequency of the amplitude oscillations is temperature dependent. Phase mixing results from the spread in both parallel and perpendicular velocities, giving rise to a more rapid approach to the asymptotic amplitude than for electrostatic modes.
An internet behavioural counselling weight loss programme reduced weight and BMI in patients at risk of type 2 diabetes (2003)

(2003) JAMA 289, 1833. Tate DF, Jackvony EH, Wing RR. . Effects of Internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. . ; . : . –6 . [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] QUESTION: In patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is an internet behavioural counselling weight loss programme better than a basic internet weight loss programme for reducing weight? Randomised {allocation concealed*}†, {unblinded*}†, controlled trial with 12 months of follow up. A research centre in Providence, Rhode Island, USA. 92 overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] 27–40 kg/m2) patients (mean age 48 y, 90% women) with ≥1 other risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and access to a computer. Exclusion criteria were major health or psychiatric disease, pregnancy, or recent weight loss ≥4.5 kg. Follow up was 84% at 12 months; all patients were included in the analysis. All patients received a 1 hour internet tutorial; a written guide; and a standard behavioural weight control instruction on diet, exercise, and behaviour change. Patients were allocated to … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DTate%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BF.%26rft.volume%253D289%26rft.issue%253D14%26rft.spage%253D1833%26rft.epage%253D1836%26rft.atitle%253DEffects%2Bof%2BInternet%2BBehavioral%2BCounseling%2Bon%2BWeight%2BLoss%2Bin%2BAdults%2Bat%2BRisk%2Bfor%2BType%2B2%2BDiabetes%253A%2BA%2BRandomized%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.289.14.1833%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12684363%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.289.14.1833&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12684363&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F8%2F6%2F181.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000182094900030&link_type=ISI
Data from Tumor-Localized Costimulatory T-Cell Engagement by the 4-1BB/HER2 Bispecific Antibody-Anticalin Fusion PRS-343 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;4-1BB (CD137) is a key costimulatory immunoreceptor and promising therapeutic target in cancer. To overcome limitations of current 4-1BB–targeting antibodies, we have developed PRS-343, a 4-1BB/HER2 bispecific molecule. PRS-343 is designed to facilitate T-cell costimulation by tumor-localized, HER2-dependent 4-1BB clustering and activation.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;PRS-343 was generated by the genetic fusion of 4-1BB–specific Anticalin proteins to a variant of trastuzumab with an engineered IgG4 isotype. Its activity was characterized using a panel of &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; assays and humanized mouse models. The safety was assessed using &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; human cell assays and a toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;PRS-343 targets 4-1BB and HER2 with high affinity and binds both targets simultaneously. 4-1BB–expressing T cells are efficiently costimulated when incubated with PRS-343 in the presence of cancer cells expressing HER2, as evidenced by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL2, GM-CSF, TNFα, and IFNγ). In a humanized mouse model engrafted with HER2-positive SK-OV-3 tumor cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PRS-343 leads to tumor growth inhibition and a dose-dependent increase of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In IND-enabling studies, PRS-343 was found to be well tolerated, with no overt toxicity and no relevant drug-related toxicologic findings.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;PRS-343 facilitates tumor-localized targeting of T cells by bispecific engagement of HER2 and 4-1BB. This approach has the potential to provide a more localized activation of the immune system with higher efficacy and reduced peripheral toxicity compared with current monospecific approaches. The reported data led to initiation of a phase I clinical trial with this first-in-class molecule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Su et al., p. 5732&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Scanning Probe Microscope Observation of Recorded Marks in Phase Change Disks (2001)

Abstract This is the first report on observation of phase change recorded marks by use of the scanning probe microscope (SPM). The amorphous mark and crystalline blank were clearly observed by surface potential mode (SPoM) that visualized the surface potential difference among phases or materials. SPoM observation has an advantage over conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation in that the sample preparation is much easier, and that amorphous mark and crystalline blank are clearly distinguished. The possibility of a novel readout method of phase change disks, and the possibility of the novel medium with a surface potential detection method are also proposed.
Sinusoidal current rectification and ripple cancellation in a very wide three phase AC input to generate a regulated DC output (2002)

This paper represents a three-phase AC to DC rectifier topology that produces a regulated DC output voltage with low input current distortion. The novelty of this paper lies in the circuit which not only operates over a wide range of input voltages but also provides ripple cancellation in the rectifier current. Moreover, this power converter utilizes the principle of third harmonic current generation and circulation through a zig-zag transformer in order to achieve power factor correction in the line current. Since simulation is a way to investigate the concept prior to any hardware realization, PSpice-based simulation has been carried out. Simulation results are presented that prove the concept.
Investigation of a double-pass confocal scanning microscope with a self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror (1998)

Investigations of a double-pass scanning microscope with a self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror are presented. The microscope achieves lateral- and axial-resolution enhancements compared with the conventional confocal transmission microscope and has the advantages of self-alignment and aberration compensation owing to the properties of a phase-conjugate mirror. Using a self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror makes it possible to achieve a high scan rate, which is essential to observing objects by a confocal microscope.
Effect Of Eccentricity On Conjugate Natural Convection In Vertical Eccentric Annuli (2013)

Combined conduction-free convection heat transfer in vertical eccentric annuli is numerically investigated using a finitedifference technique. Numerical results, representing the heat transfer parameters such as annulus walls temperature, heat flux, and heat absorbed in the developing region of the annulus, are presented for a Newtonian fluid of Prandtl number 0.7, fluid-annulus radius ratio 0.5, solid-fluid thermal conductivity ratio 10, inner and outer wall dimensionless thicknesses 0.1 and 0.2, respectively, and dimensionless eccentricities 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7. The annulus walls are subjected to thermal boundary conditions, which are obtained by heating one wall isothermally whereas keeping the other wall at inlet fluid temperature. In the present paper, the annulus heights required to achieve thermal full development for prescribed eccentricities are obtained. Furthermore, the variation in the height of thermal full development as function of the geometrical parameter, i.e., eccentricity is also investigated.
Investigation of Griffithsin's Interactions with Human Cells Confirms Its Outstanding Safety and Efficacy Profile as a Microbicide Candidate (2011)

Many natural product-derived lectins such as the red algal lectin griffithsin (GRFT) have potent in vitro activity against viruses that display dense clusters of oligomannose N-linked glycans (NLG) on their surface envelope glycoproteins. However, since oligomannose NLG are also found on some host proteins it is possible that treatment with antiviral lectins may trigger undesirable side effects. For other antiviral lectins such as concanavalin A, banana lectin and cyanovirin-N (CV-N), interactions between the lectin and as yet undescribed cellular moieties have been reported to induce undesirable side effects including secretion of inflammatory cytokines and activation of host T-cells. We show that GRFT, unlike CV-N, binds the surface of human epithelial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) through an exclusively oligosaccharide-dependent interaction. In contrast to several other antiviral lectins however, GRFT treatment induces only minimal changes in secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by epithelial cells or human PBMC, has no measureable effect on cell viability and does not significantly upregulate markers of T-cell activation. In addition, GRFT appears to retain antiviral activity once bound to the surface of PBMC. Finally, RNA microarray studies show that, while CV-N and ConA regulate expression of a multitude of cellular genes, GRFT treatment effects only minimal alterations in the gene expression profile of a human ectocervical cell line. These studies indicate that GRFT has an outstanding safety profile with little evidence of induced toxicity, T-cell activation or deleterious immunological consequence, unique attributes for a natural product-derived lectin.
IP Traceback Using DNS Logs against Bots (2009)

Recently, source IP spoofing attacks are critical issues for the Internet. These attacks are considered to be sent from bot infected hosts. There has been active research on IP traceback technologies. However, the traceback from an end victim host to an end spoofing host has not yet been achieved, due to the lack of traceback probes installed on each routing path. Alternative probes should be employed in order to reduce the installation cost. In this research, we propose an IP traceback scheme against bots using DNS logs of existing servers. Many types of bots retrieve IP addresses of victim hosts from fully qualified domain names (FQDNs) at the beginning of an attack. The proposed scheme checks from the destination to the source DNS logs, in order to extract the actual IP addresses of bot infected hosts. Also, we propose a scheme to ascertain the reliability of traceback results, and a method to distinguish spoofing from non-spoofing attacks. We collect bot communication patterns to confirm that the DNS log can be used for reasonable probes and for achieving a high traceback success rate.