gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Style Feature Extraction Using Contrastive Conditioned Variational Autoencoders with Mutual Information Constraints (2023)

Extracting fine-grained features such as styles from unlabeled data is crucial for data analysis. Unsupervised methods such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) can extract styles that are usually mixed with other features. Conditional VAEs (CVAEs) can isolate styles using class labels; however, there are no established methods to extract only styles using unlabeled data. In this paper, we propose a CVAE-based method that extracts style features using only unlabeled data. The proposed model consists of a contrastive learning (CL) part that extracts style-independent features and a CVAE part that extracts style features. The CL model learns representations independent of data augmentation, which can be viewed as a perturbation in styles, in a self-supervised manner. Considering the style-independent features from the pretrained CL model as a condition, the CVAE learns to extract only styles. Additionally, we introduce a constraint based on mutual information between the CL and VAE features to prevent the CVAE from ignoring the condition. Experiments conducted using two simple datasets, MNIST and an original dataset based on Google Fonts, demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently extract style features. Further experiments using real-world natural image datasets were also conducted to illustrate the method's extendability.
RAS mutations drive proliferative chronic myelomonocytic leukemia via activation of a novel KMT2A-PLK1 axis (2019)

ABSTRACT Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with limited treatment options. Whole exome (WES) and targeted sequencing of several independent cohorts of CMML patients, comparing dysplastic (dCMML) to proliferative (pCMML) CMML, as well as paired chronic phase disease and acute leukemic transformation (LT), associate acquisition of oncogenic RAS pathway mutations, the most common being NRAS G12D , with aggressive disease and with disease progression. Using patient derived progenitor colony assays and a NRAS G12D -Vav-Cre mouse model, we further demonstrate the role of mutant RAS signaling in driving and maintaining pCMML phenotype. RNA-sequencing links RAS pathway mutations with an increased expression of genes encoding the mitotic checkpoint kinases PLK1 and WEE1. Further, we dmeoinstrated that non-mutated lysine methyltransferase KMT2A (MLL1) acts as mediator of NRAS-induced PLK1 and WEE1 expression. Finally, we demonstrate the translational value of our findings by showing that pharmacological PLK1 inhibition decreases monocytosis and hepatosplenomegaly while improving hematopoiesis in RAS mutant patient-derived xenografts. Hence, we define severe CMML as oncogenic RAS pathway-enriched malignancies, with a unique gene expression profile regulated by KMT2A , amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Influence of psychosocial distress in the results of elective lumbar spine surgery (2017)

Presurgical screening identify the presence of psychological distress. Psychosocial factors are correlated with poorer clinical outcomes, both in the baseline and after the surgery. Despite the differences between found, even patients with mild psychosocial impairment can experience clinical improvement with surgery.
Infliximab in the treatment of medically refractory indeterminate colitis (2003)

Infliximab is effective in approximately two-thirds of patients with indeterminate colitis, and thus may be considered for patients with refractory disease prior to colectomy. The follow-up time afforded by infliximab treatment may allow for more accurate classification of the disease in a significant proportion of patients whose colitis has indeterminate features at initial presentation.
Crystallisation kinetics of a star-shaped poly-ε-caprolactone oligomer confined in controlled pore glasses (2013)

Plants viruses spread throughout their hosts using a number of pathways, the most common being movement cell to cell through plasmodesmata (PD), unique intercellular organelles of the plant kingdom, and between organs by means of the vascular system. Pioneering studies on plant viruses revealed that PD allow the cell-to-cell trafficking of virally encoded proteins, termed the movement proteins (MPs). This non-cell-autonomous protein (NCAP) pathway is similarly employed by the host to traffic macromolecules. Viral MPs bind RNA/DNA in a sequence nonspecific manner to form nucleoprotein complexes (NPC). Host proteins are then involved in the delivery of MPs and NPC to the PD orifice, and a role for the cytoskeleton has been implicated. Trafficking of NCAPs through the PD structure involves three steps in which the MP: (a) interacts with a putative PD docking complex, (b) induces dilation in the PD microchannels, and (c) binds to an internal translocation system for delivery into the neighboring cytoplasm. Viral genera that use this NCAP pathway have evolved a combination of a MP and ancillary proteins that work in concert to enable the formation of a stable NPC that can compete with endogenous NCAPs for the PD trafficking machinery. Incompatible MP-host protein interactions may underlie observed tissue tropisms and restricted infection domains. These pivotal discoveries are discussed in terms of the need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the (a) three-dimensional structure of MPs, (b) PD supramolecular complex, and (c) host proteins involved in this cell-to-cell trafficking process.
Topological control of cytokine receptor signaling induces differential effects in hematopoiesis (2019)

Although tunable signaling by G protein-coupled receptors can be exploited through medicinal chemistry, a comparable pharmacological approach has been lacking for the modulation of signaling through dimeric receptors, such as those for cytokines. We present a strategy to modulate cytokine receptor signaling output by use of a series of designed C2-symmetric cytokine mimetics, based on the designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) scaffold, that can systematically control erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) dimerization orientation and distance between monomers. We sampled a range of EpoR geometries by varying intermonomer angle and distance, corroborated by several ligand-EpoR complex crystal structures. Across the range, we observed full, partial, and biased agonism as well as stage-selective effects on hematopoiesis. This surrogate ligand strategy opens access to pharmacological modulation of therapeutically important cytokine and growth factor receptor systems.
Interannual variations in the opening date of the Prudhoe Bay shipping season: links to atmospheric and surface conditions (2008)

Abstract This paper examines interannual variability in the opening date for the Prudhoe Bay shipping season (1953–2005), considers how variations in antecedent sea‐ice and atmospheric conditions influence the opening date, and then develops a forecasting technique to predict whether the opening date will be early, normal, or late. Analysis of antecedent sea ice and atmospheric conditions indicates that there are significant differences in the Bering Sea ice cover as early as February in years preceding early versus late opening dates. In particular, prior to early opening years, the sea‐ice cover in the southern Bering Sea is reduced in February, and as the season progresses, sea‐ice concentrations in the central and northern Bering Sea remain lower in years preceding early opening dates. Analysis of accumulated freezing degree days (FDDs) also suggests that temperatures are warmer over a broad area, ranging from the Bering Sea through the Chukchi Sea and the Beaufort Sea, in winter and spring months preceding early opening dates. Although the warmer temperatures may be related to reductions in sea ice in the Bering Sea, our results suggest that 500 hPa flow patterns and sea level pressure (SLP) patterns play are a larger role in controlling accumulations of FDD in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Finally, an ordinal regression model is presented to forecast whether the opening date will be early, normal, or late. On the basis of April sea‐ice concentrations and accumulated FDD, the model correctly forecasts the opening date class in 32 of the 53 years. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Syndiospecific Living Polymerization of Silyl-Protected Hydroxystyrene Derivatives and Preparation of Syndiotactic Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) with Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution (2001)

At –25°C, the polymerizations of hydroxystyrene, the phenolic —OH of which was protected with trialkylsilyl compounds, were investigated by using a syndiospecific living polymerization catalyst system composed of (trimethyl)pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (Cp*TiMe3), trioctylaluminium (AlOct3) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3). The use of bulky trialkylsilyl protective groups was effective to control a stereoregularity and a molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymer. In the case of 4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)styrene (TBDMSS) monomer, the number-average molecular weights (M̄n's) of polymer produced increased proportionally with increasing of monomer conversion. The MWD of polymer stayed narrow (M̄w /M̄n = 1.05–1.15). It was concluded, thus, the polymerizations of TBDMSS with Cp*TiMe3/B(C6F5)3/AlOct3 catalytic system proceeded under living fashion. The 13C NMR analysis clarified that the polymers obtained in this work had highly syndiotactic structure. By the deprotection reaction of silyl group with conc. hydrochloric acid (HCl), syndiotactic poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHOST) with narrow MWD was prepared. The obtained syndiotactic PHOST had a good solubility for polar solvents and a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 194°C.
Association of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier 4 (SUMO4) Variant, Located in IDDM5 Locus, with Type 2 Diabetes in the Japanese Population (2007)

These data, together with previous reports, suggest the contribution of the SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes susceptibility in the Japanese population.
LPE growth of Hg0.60Cd0.40Te from Te-rich solution (1979)

Hg0.60Cd0.40Te has been grown at atmospheric pressure using a liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) slider system. The compositions are uniform to within ±0.01 mole fraction across the layer and with depth into the layer except for a 3-μm-thick interdiffusion region. The layers are p type as grown with carrier concentration of 1017 cm−3 and are annealable to n type with a carrier concentration of 4×1015 cm−3.
Explorations into development of a neurally regulated cardiac pacemaker (1995)

Although the artificial cardiac pacemaker has contributed to the management of patients with serious arrhythmias, its rate-responsive function is not sufficient to provide physiological regulation of heart rate (HR). To achieve truly physiological rate response in any given patient, we propose a framework to develop a pacemaker directly regulated by sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). In eight anesthetized rabbits, we quantified the dynamic transduction characteristics from SNA to HR as a transfer function. We then characterized the decoding rule as an impulse response, that is the transfer characteristics in the time domain. The transfer function was approximated by a first-order, low-pass filter with lag time (corner frequency: 0.024 +/- 0.013 Hz, lag time: 0.98 +/- 0.09 s). Predicted HR correlated well with measured HR (r = 0.80-0.98). The standard error of the prediction relative to mean HR was only 1.2 +/- 0.7%, indicating that the prediction was reasonably accurate. Direct decoding of SNA to predict instantaneous HR is possible through this analysis. This framework should enable development of a neurally regulated artificial pacemaker.
[Implementation of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in Sweden]. (2021)

Obesity is a growing health problem and challenge to the health care systems in the western world. Available treatment is limited to lifestyle modifications, cognitive therapy, drugs and bariatric surgery. On one hand, lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment have very limited long-term effects on obesity. On the other hand, bariatric surgery is effective to maintain long-term weigh reduction but is associated with complications and reaches less than 2 % of patients with indication for surgery. Thus, there is a gap in the management of patients with obesity, and endoscopic bariatric therapies might fill that gap by providing effective, repeatable and reversible alternatives for selected patients with obesity. This article introduces endoscopic methods to achieve weight loss with special focus on endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG). Data in the literature demonstrates that ESG is effective in reducing total and excessive body weight up to two years after the procedure as well as reducing obesity-related co-morbidity. The challenge is that ESG requires advanced endoscopic skills and is not yet available at many centres. A structured training program is needed to disseminate ESG and offer selected patients with obesity an alternative to bariatric surgery in Europe.
Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Totally Endophytic Renal Tumors: Step by Step Standardized Surgical Technique and Long-Term Outcomes with a Median 59-Month Follow-Up (2018)

RAPN is a safe and feasible option for treatment of totally endophytic renal tumors. Despite the increased prevalence of high tumor complexity and lower baseline renal function in the RAPN group, it achieved equivalent long-term oncologic control and functional outcome compared to OPN.
Pacemaker and Cardiac Resynchronization Timing Cycles and Electrocardiography (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Pacing modes Timing cycles in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators Approach to the biventricular paced electrocardiogram Conclusion References
Is it Economical to Ignore the Driver? A Case Study on Multimode Combustion (2015)

Ignoring the driver’s torque command can be beneficial for fuel economy, especially if it leads to extended residence time at efficient operating conditions. We answered this question for a particular engine, which allows mode switches between spark ignition (SI) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. When operating such a multimode combustion engine it might be required to defer a load command outside the feasible regime of one combustion mode until a mode switch is accomplished. The resulting delays in engine torque response might negatively affect vehicle performance and drivability. In this paper a longitudinal vehicle model is presented, which incorporates dynamics associated with SI/HCCI mode switching. Two exemplary supervisory control strategies were evaluated in terms of fuel economy and torque behavior. It was seen that the duration of a mode switch may be short enough to avoid substantial impairment in torque response. This in turn would lead to the opportunity of purposefully ignoring the driver command. Thereby, the residence time in the beneficial HCCI combustion regime is prolonged and fuel-expensive mode switching avoided. The result is a trade-off between torque deviation and improvements in fuel economy. Finally, based on this trade-off the supervisory control strategy relying on a short-term prediction of engine load was seen to achieve similar fuel economy with slightly improved torque response than a strategy without prediction.
Hydrogen sulfide chemical biology: Pathophysiological roles and detection (2013)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most recent endogenous gasotransmitter that has been reported to serve many physiological and pathological functions in different tissues. Studies over the past decade have revealed that H2S can be synthesized through numerous pathways and its bioavailability regulated through its conversion into different biochemical forms. H2S exerts its biological effects in various manners including redox regulation of protein and small molecular weight thiols, polysulfides, thiosulfate/sulfite, iron-sulfur cluster proteins, and anti-oxidant properties that affect multiple cellular and molecular responses. However, precise measurement of H2S bioavailability and its associated biochemical and pathophysiological roles remains less well understood. In this review, we discuss recent understanding of H2S chemical biology, its relationship to tissue pathophysiological responses and possible therapeutic uses.
MP35-09 COMBINATION OF NF-κB/P65 NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION AND GLAND MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES IS PREDICTIVE OF BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE (2018)

Grade group (GG) 2 or GG1 PCa detected in >2 cores or >50% of any one core) on biopsy. Age, PNB status and PIRADS score were incorporated into the regression models.
Model-to-hardware correlations in the design of a 50Gb/s package (2004)

In the design course of a package for 50Gbis SiGe BiCMOS 4:l Multiplexer and 1:4 Demultiplexer, simulations of each individual section in the package were performed prior to the package design and followed by measurements to fmd model-to-hardware correlations to support future wideband high frequency applications. Sectional models were constructed and simulated using 3D full wave EM tools, and the results were cascaded to predict the performance of the entire package. Some test structures were also fabricated to help fme tune modeling schemes. Both S-parameter measurements and large signal operational tests were performed to examine the correlations with modeling results. The package was operated up to 56Gb/s, and the digital waveform degradation was correlated to S-parameter simulations and measurements with inverse Fourier transform. In General, the insertion loses fiom simulations match reasonably well with those kom measurements while the reflections are lower especially at frequencies above 30GHz. This discrepancy also tends to affect precise predictions of waveform degradations.
Fast Fourier Transform based Method for Accident Detection (2022)

Accidents fatality is generally dependent on the time an emergency service is dispatched to the accident scene. Decreasing this time requires fast and accurate accident detection and notification systems. Therefore, existing well-established systems rely on rugged devices, with specialised hardware and accurate sensors to allow for in-vehicle detection and notification. Smartphones have been considered as an alternative mainly due to their much lower cost. In this paper, we show that reliable accident detection can be achieved using main stream smartphone sensors (e.g., accelerometer and gyroscope). The method relies on detecting the accident pulse through using Fourier transform and a random forest classifier. The method also utilises a moving window to incorporate time; and is simple enough to allow for during-accident detection, not requiring the mobile to survive the accident. We have validated the model using the Ollie car-like robot micro accident-testbed and the gold standard in accident simulation, LS-DYNA, achieving a true positive rate of about 96% and true negative rate of 99%.
Correct, Fast Remote Persistence (2019)

Persistence of updates to remote byte-addressable persistent memory (PM), using RDMA operations (RDMA updates), is a poorly understood subject. Visibility of RDMA updates on the remote server is not the same as persistence of those updates. The remote server's configuration has significant implications on what it means for RDMA updates to be persistent on the remote server. This leads to significant implications on methods needed to correctly persist those updates. This paper presents a comprehensive taxonomy of system configurations and the corresponding methods to ensure correct remote persistence of RDMA updates. We show that the methods for correct, fast remote persistence vary dramatically, with corresponding performance trade offs, between different remote server configurations.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for in Vivo Optical Imaging (2012)

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes offer advantages of high photon penetration, reduced light scattering and minimal autofluorescence from living tissues, rendering them valuable for noninvasive mapping of molecular events, assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring of disease progression in animal models. This review provides an overview of the recent development of the design and optical property of the different classes of NIR fluorescent nanoprobes associated with in vivo imaging applications.
Multistage extraction platform for highly efficient and fully continuous purification of nanoparticles (2017)

This paper presents a fully-continuous novel liquid-liquid-extraction (LLE) platform for the purification of nanoparticles. The use of multistage operation enhances the purity of the final stream without the expense of high solvent consumption. Two case studies, purification of CdSe quantum dots in organic solvent and that of gold nanoparticles in water, demonstrate that the LLE platform is versatile, non-destructive, and highly efficient.
Stone fragmentation techniques (2017)

After its implementation in 1980, shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) became the first-line treatment for more than 80% of patients with urolithiasis. During the last three decades, SWL technology has advanced rapidly in terms of shock wave generation, focusing, patient coupling, and stone localization. Indications for SWL have evolved as well. Although endoscopic treatment techniques continue to improve, SWL continues to be considered first-line therapy for the treatment of many urinary stones. This chapter reviews the fundamental principles of SWL and presents advances in lithotripsy technology such as shock wave generation and focusing, advances in stone localization (imaging), different energy source concepts, and coupling modalities. Our understanding of the pathophysiology and the physics of shock waves can enhance extracorporeal SWL efficacy while limiting complications. Finally, current indications for and contraindications to SWL depending on stone location and in context of the updated AUA/EAU Guidelines are discussed.
Functionalized 2,5‐Disubstituted Benzazepines: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐5‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine‐2‐carbonitrile and Related Derivatives. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Automated Non-Linear Transistor Characterization System with a High-Level Language User-Interface for Easy Control, Visualization and Data Management (1993)

In this paper, a system for the extensive non-linear characterization of microwave transistors is presented. The high level language user interface for its automatic control and near real time visualization and management of the measured data is highlighted. Some descriptive pictures and experimental results are presented to illustrate the versatility of the system and the efficacy of the interfacing software.