gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Er<sup>3+</sup>‐doped Ti:LiNbO<sub>3</sub> waveguides: losses, absorption spectra, and near field measurements (1996)

In this paper we present some experimental results about the characterization of Er^3+-doped Ti:LiNbO_3 waveguides using nondestructive methods. We report results concerning losses, near field and absorption measurements. Waveguide losses have been measured in the 1550 nm wavelength region through an interferometric method based on two different techniques: thermal cavity tuning and wavelength sweeping. Homogeneous absorption and emission cross sections have been calculated from transmitted spectra. The near field measurements have been used to obtain the waveguide mode profile through a deconvolution algorithm to eliminate the probe effect. The resulting field profile allowed to reconstruct the refractive index distribution.
A record minimum arctic sea ice extent and area in 2002 (2003)

Arctic sea ice extent and area in September 2002 reached their lowest levels recorded since 1978. These conditions likely resulted from (1) anomalous warm southerly winds in spring, advecting ice poleward from the Siberian coast (2) persistent low pressure and high temperatures over the Arctic Ocean in summer, promoting ice divergence and rapid melt.
Incorporating genomics into the toolkit of nematology. (2012)

The study of nematode genomes over the last three decades has relied heavily on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, which remains the best-assembled and annotated metazoan genome. This is now changing as a rapidly expanding number of nematodes of medical and economic importance have been sequenced in recent years. The advent of sequencing technologies to achieve the equivalent of the $1000 human genome promises that every nematode genome of interest will eventually be sequenced at a reasonable cost. As the sequencing of species spanning the nematode phylum becomes a routine part of characterizing nematodes, the comparative approach and the increasing use of ecological context will help us to further understand the evolution and functional specializations of any given species by comparing its genome to that of other closely and more distantly related nematodes. We review the current state of nematode genomics and discuss some of the highlights that these genomes have revealed and the trend and benefits of ecological genomics, emphasizing the potential for new genomes and the exciting opportunities this provides for nematological studies.
Harveian Oration 2020: Elucidation of molecular oxygen sensing mechanisms in human cells: implications for medicine (2021)

I am honoured to present tonight's Harveian Lecture, albeit in the slightly unusual circumstances mandated by COVID-19. It will be a personal story, but I hope one which will bring some encouragement to intending physician scientists considering a programme of work in discovery science, as I was as
Towards a full-duplex emergency alert system based on IPTV platform (2011)

Recently, IPTV has become a convergent infrastructure for entertainment and communications services in our daily life. An IPTV set-top-box is now an important device in the Internet-of-things of each home. It is expected that this infrastructure would be suitable for emergency alert systems (EAS), especially in disaster and health-care scenarios. In this paper, we first review the recent developments to support emergency scenarios, including related IPTV standards and research in smart home. Then we propose an architecture for full-duplex emergency alert services based on IPTV platform. In order to maintain a very high availability of service, the key features of the architecture include the redundancy of devices and network connections and the scalability of data.
Cosmic gravitational-wave background in a cyclic universe (2004)

Inflation predicts a primordial gravitational wave spectrum that is slightly ``red.'' In this Brief Report, we compute both the amplitude and spectral form of the primordial tensor spectrum predicted by cyclic or ekpyrotic models under the assumption that perturbations pass smoothly through the bounce. The spectrum is exponentially suppressed compared to inflation on long wavelengths. The strongest constraint is that the energy density in gravitational waves is less than 10% of the critical density at nucleosynthesis.
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires: Design, Fabrication, and Future Prospects as Cancer Therapeutics (2019)

Traditional cancer therapeutics are limited by factors such as multi-drug resistance and a plethora of adverse effect. These limitations need to be overcome for the progression of cancer treatment. In order to overcome these limitations, multifunctional nanosystems have recently been introduced into the market. The employment of multifunctional nanosystems provide for the enhancement of treatment efficacy and therapeutic effect as well as a decrease in drug toxicity. However, in addition to these effects, magnetic nanowires bring specific advantages over traditional nanoparticles in multifunctional systems in terms of the formulation and application into a therapeutic system. The most significant of which is its larger surface area, larger net magnetic moment compared to nanoparticles, and interaction under a magnetic field. This results in magnetic nanowires producing a greater drug delivery and therapeutic platform with specific regard to magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, and magnetic actuation. This, in turn, increases the potential of magnetic nanowires for decreasing adverse effects and improving patient therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on the design, fabrication, and future potential of multifunctional magnetic nanowire systems with the emphasis on improving patient chemotherapeutic outcomes.
A lab-on-chip for malaria diagnosis and surveillance (2014)

These results describe the development of a lab-on-chip PCR diagnostic from initial concept to ready-for-manufacture design. This platform will be useful in front-line malaria diagnosis, elimination programmes, and clinical trials. Furthermore, test chips can be adapted to detect other pathogens for a differential diagnosis in the field. The flexibility, reliability, and robustness of this technology hold much promise for its use as a novel molecular diagnostic platform in developing countries.
Preface for the Forum on Metals in Medicine and Health: New Opportunities and Approaches to Improving Health (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEForum ArticleNEXTPreface for the Forum on Metals in Medicine and Health: New Opportunities and Approaches to Improving HealthDebbie C. Crans*† and Thomas J. Meade*‡View Author Information† Department of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States‡ Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 21, 12181–12183Publication Date (Web):November 4, 2013Publication History Received16 September 2013Published online4 November 2013Published inissue 4 November 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic402341nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ic402341nresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views830Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aggregation,Ions,Iron,Metals,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
High Pressure Freezing/Freeze Substitution of Plant Cells for 3D Electron Tomographic Studies (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Greening Electric Bike Sharing Using Solar Charging Stations (2020)

Electric bikes have emerged as a popular form of transportation for short trips in dense urban areas and are being increasingly adopted by bike share programs for easy accessibility to riders. Motivated by the rising popularity of electric bikes, a form of an electric vehicle, we study the research question of how to design a zero-carbon electric bike share system. Specifically we study the challenges in designing solar charging stations for electric bike systems that enable either net-zero or a fully zero-carbon operation. We design a prototype two bike solar charging station to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. Using insights and data from our prototype solar charging station, we then conduct a data driven analysis of the costs and benefits of converting an entire bike system into one powered using solar charging stations. Using empirical analysis, we determine the panel and battery capacity for each station, and perform a feasibility evaluation of the system using 8 months of ridership data. Our results show that equipping each bike station with a single grid-tied solar panel is adequate to meet the annual charging demand from electric bikes and achieve net-zero operation using net-metering. For an off-grid setup, our analysis shows that a bike station needs twice as many solar panels, on average, along with a 1.8kWh battery, with the busiest bike station needing 6× more solar capacity than in the net-metering case. Our analysis also reveals a tradeoff between the array size and the battery size needed to achieve true-zero carbon operation for the electric bike share system.
Identifying Android Library Dependencies in the Presence of Code Obfuscation and Minimization (2017)

The fast growth of the Android app market motivates the need for tools and techniques to analyze and improve Android apps. A basic capability in this context is to identify the libraries present in a given Android app, including their exact version. The problem of identifying library dependencies is made difficult by two common build-time transformations, namely code minimization and obfuscation. Minimization typically incorporates used library fragments into an app, while obfuscation renames symbols globally across an app. In this paper, we tackle both of these challenges via a unified approach, which abstracts app and library classes into summaries of their interactions with system libraries. The summarization technique is resistant to obfuscation, and is amenable to efficient similarity detection (matching). We lift the class-wise matches into a set of library dependencies by encoding this problem as a global constraint/optimization system across all app classes and available libraries. Our techniques identify the exact libraries and their versions used in the apps, for clear apps the recall is almost perfect at 98%. For obuscated/minimized apps it stands at 85%.
The News Auditor: Visual Exploration of Clusters of Stories (2012)

In recent years, the quantity of content generated by news agencies and blogs is constantly growing, making it difficult for readers to process and understand this overwhelming amount of data. Online news aggregators present clusters of similar stories in a simple, list-based manner, where the most important article is shown first, while all the other similar articles appear below as hyperlinked headlines. This layout makes the user unaware of the content differences between articles, thus making it very difficult to get a comprehensive picture. Understanding what was changed, how, when and by whom, would lead to new insights about the content distribution over the internet and help in dealing with the news overload problem. We present a visual analytics tool that allows the user to compare the articles that belong to the same story and understand the differences at three levels of detail. Story matrix provides an overview of a document cluster, where the user can identify articles of interest based on their overall similarity and reorder them by different criteria. Structural view shows document thumbnails with highlighted paragraphs of the text that were copied, modified or repositioned by different sources. Finally, Document level view presents two articles side by side to provide full-text comparison. To evaluate our tool, we present two user scenarios applied on a real world data set.
Combination of siRNA-directed Gene Silencing With Cisplatin Reverses Drug Resistance in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2013)

One of the most challenging aspects of lung cancer therapy is the rapid acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. One effective approach would be to identify and downregulate resistance-causing genes in tumors using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic challenge. After identifying the overexpressed resistance-related antiapoptotic genes (survivin and bcl-2) in cisplatin-resistant cells, the siRNA sequences were designed and screened to select the most efficacious candidates. Modifications were introduced in them to minimize off-target effects. Subsequently, the combination of siRNA and cisplatin that gave the maximum synergy was identified in resistant cells. We then demonstrated that the combination treatment of the selected siRNAs and cisplatin encapsulated in CD44-targeting hyaluronic acid (HA)-based self-assembling nanosystems reversed the resistance to cisplatin and delayed the tumor growth significantly (growth inhibition increased from 30 to 60%) in cisplatin-resistant tumors. In addition, no abnormalities in body weights, liver enzyme levels or histopathology of liver/spleen tissues were observed in any of the treatment groups during the study period. Overall, we demonstrate that the combination of siRNA-mediated gene-silencing strategy with chemotherapeutic agents constitutes a valuable and safe approach for the treatment of MDR tumors.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e110; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.29; published online 30 July 2013.
SemEval-2020 Task 9: Overview of Sentiment Analysis of Code-Mixed Tweets (2020)

Parth Patwa, Gustavo Aguilar, Sudipta Kar, Suraj Pandey, Srinivas PYKL, Björn Gambäck, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Thamar Solorio, Amitava Das. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. 2020.
A New Variable Step Skew Approach for Minimizing Torque Pulsations in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (2018)

There are several methods in order to reduce the torque pulsations forsynchronous permanent magnet (PM) motors in literature [1]. These methods include design modifications both at rotor and stator sides such as using different slot/pole combinations, skewing rotor or stator, magnet grouping and adding auxiliary slots. One of the most common methods used in practice is step skew rotor. In general, adding one slot pitch step skew with several equal rotor segments increase torque quality and also decrease both cogging and ripple torque components for integer slot PM motors [2–7]. However, the skew angle and the step skew length could be optimized to get better torque quality. In this study, a new step skew technique is proposed with different segment lengths and skew angles between the segment pieces. Optimization comprising both parameters are carried out and the results compared with traditional step skew approach. 2D FEA results are obtained for conventional step skew motor for a reference motor. Rotor optimization with varying rotor segment lengths and skew angles are attained and the optimized results are compared with the reference PM motor.
Structural plasticity of the adult brain. (2004)

The adult brain has long been considered stable and unchanging, except for the inevitable decline that occurs with aqinq. This view is now being challenged with clear evidence that structural changes occur in the brain throughout life, including the generation of new neurons and other brain cells, and connections between and among neurons. What is as remarkable is that the changes that occur in the adult brain are influenced by the behaviors an individual engages in, as well as the environment in which an individual lives, works, and plays. Learning how behavior and environment regulate brain structure and function will lead to strategies to live more effective lives and perhaps protect from, or repair, brain damage and brain disease.
Effect of solute-coupled volume absorption on oxygen consumption in cat ileum. (1979)

The effects of solute-coupled volume absorption on blood flow, oxygen consumption, and vascular resistance were analyzed in autoperfused segments of cat ileum. Intestinal absorption was stimulated by placing either Tyrode solution, Tyrode + glucose, or Tyrode + taurocholate into the ileal lumen. Net volume absorption rates (Jv,m) were determined using a volume recovery method. Oxygen consumption (VO2) increased during the absorption of all solutions. The absorption of Tyrode solution plus glucose caused the greatest increase in VO2, whereas Tyrode plus taurocholate resulted in the smallest increase. For Tyrode solution and Tyrode plus glucose absorption, the increased VO2 was due predominantly to an increased blood flow, whereas the increased VO2 with taurocholate resulted from an increased oxygen extraction. A linear relationship between the change in VO2 during transport and Jv,m was aquired for Tyrode solution, and Tyrode + glucose. The results indicate that the oxygen requirements of the absorbing intestine are dependent on both the rate of transport and the solutes being transported.
Sur l'hydratation des cations alcalins et alcalino‐terreux (1962)

Abstract L'action différente sur la composition de la vapeur de mélanges d'acide nitrique et d'eau qu'on observe lors de la dissolution des divers nitrates des cations alcalins et alcalino‐terreux s'explique par le fait que les cations sont plus ou moins fortement hydratés.
Geometric Effect of Channel on Device Performance in Pentacene Thin-Film Transistor (2004)

We fabricated pentacene thin film-transistors on a glass substrate with a SiO2 layer via thermal evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum. We investigated the influence of channel length, channel width, and the deposition rate of a pentacene layer on organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) performance. Field-effect mobility of the transistors markedly increased as channel width decreased and channel length increased. The maximum drain current of OTFTs increased as channel length decreased. These observations indicate that the grain boundary scattering of charge carriers in the pentacene layer is a major hurdle in charge conduction, similarly to the observation in poly-Si TFTs. The maximum field-effect mobility was 0.69 cm2/Vs for a device prepared at 0.1 Å/s with a 50 µm channel length and a 20 µm channel width. Channel width/length ratio (W/L) as well as the deposition rate of the pentacene layer should be carefully chosen to increase field-effect mobility and maximum drain current in OTFTs.
Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes Predicted from MODIS Satellite Data and Large-Scale Disturbance Modeling (2012)

The CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford) ecosystem model based on satellite greenness observations has been used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2009. The CASA model was driven by NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation cover properties and large-scale (1-km resolution) disturbance events detected in biweekly time series data. This modeling framework has been implemented to estimate historical as well as current monthly patterns in plant carbon fixation, living biomass increments, and long-term decay of woody (slash) pools before, during, and after land cover disturbance events. Results showed that CASA model predictions closely followed the seasonal timing of Ameriflux tower measurements. At a global level, predicting net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 from 2000 through 2005 showed a roughly balanced terrestrial biosphere carbon cycle. Beginning in 2006, global NEP fluxes became increasingly imbalanced, starting from -0.9 Pg C yr-1 to the largest negative (total net terrestrial source) flux of -2.2 Pg C yr-1 in 2009. In addition, the global sum of CO2 emissions from forest disturbance and biomass burning for 2009 was predicted at 0.51 Pg C yr-1. These results demonstrate the potential to monitor and validate terrestrial carbon fluxes using NASA satellite data as inputs to ecosystem models.
Continental Drift and Speciation of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Species Complexes (2017)

Genomic analysis has placed the origins of two human-pathogenic fungi, the <i>Cryptococcus gattii</i> species complex and the <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> species complex, in South America and Africa, respectively. Molecular clock calculations suggest that the two species separated ~80 to 100 million years ago. This time closely approximates the breakup of the supercontinent Pangea, which gave rise to South America and Africa. On the basis of the geographic distribution of these two species complexes and the coincidence of the evolutionary divergence and Pangea breakup times, we propose that a spatial separation caused by continental drift resulted in the emergence of the <i>C. gattii</i> and <i>C. neoformans</i> species complexes from a Pangean ancestor. We note that, despite the spatial and temporal separation that occurred approximately 100 million years ago, these two species complexes are morphologically similar, share virulence factors, and cause very similar diseases. Continuation of these phenotypic characteristics despite ancient separation suggests the maintenance of similar selection pressures throughout geologic ages.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple, High‐Yielding Synthesis of Trifunctional Fluorescent Lanthanoid Chelates (I). (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.