gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaN diffractive microlenses for UV micro-optics system (2004)

In this work, diffractive microlenses were fabricated in GaN-based material by using gravy-level mask and inductively coupled plasma etching technique. We also propose to insert the GaN/AlN anti-reflection thin films in the microlenses to enhance the ultraviolet/visible rejection ratio. Due to high transparency of GaN and AlN in UV, the microlenses can be potentially used in the UV micro-optics system such as solar-blind detection applications. In the design example of this work, the structure may enhance the ultraviolet/visible rejection to be 10/sup 2/.
Impact of reflective torque tube on rear side irradiance in bifacial photovoltaic modules (2022)

Non-uniform irradiance on the rear side of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules causes electrical mismatch between cells and energy loss across the module. Racking structures increase this non-uniformity through shadows and reflections that vary throughout the day. However, commercial software typically use constant values to estimate mismatch losses in annual simulations. We investigate the impact of torque tube shading and reflection on rear side irradiance mismatch in bifacial PV modules in one-in-portrait (1P) and two-in-portrait (2P) horizontal single-axis trackers with a range of ground albedos over a typical meteorological year in Livermore, California, USA. Irradiance simulations use a version of bifacial_radiance, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s python wrapper for the RADIANCE ray tracing software, which we modified for arbitrary 2D irradiance sampling of the module(s) under investigation. For a torque tube reflectivity of 0.745, torque tube reflection accounts for 3.0% and 5.5% of the annual rear insolation in 1P and 2P configurations, respectively, for a 0.2 albedo; or 2.9% and 3.1% for a 0.6 albedo. Torque tube reflection decreases annual rear insolation mismatch from 11.8% to 10.7% in 1P configurations, and from 11.5% to 9.8% in 2P configurations with 0.2 albedo. Similarly, with 0.6 albedo, annual rear insolation mismatch decreases from 12.6% to 11.6% in 1P configurations, and from 11.9% to 10.4% in 2P configurations. However, we demonstrate that annual figures are insufficient for capturing the impact of torque tube reflection; seasonal and diurnal variations must also be considered.
Efficacy of the Antibody–Drug Conjugate W0101 in Preclinical Models of IGF-1 Receptor Overexpressing Solid Tumors (2019)

The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is important in tumorigenesis, and its overexpression occurs in numerous tumor tissues. To date, therapeutic approaches based on mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting IGF-1R have only shown clinical benefit in specific patient populations. We report a unique IGF-1R-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), W0101, designed to deliver a highly potent cytotoxic auristatin derivative selectively to IGF-1R overexpressing tumor cells. The mAb (hz208F2-4) used to prepare the ADC was selected for its specific binding properties to IGF-1R compared with the insulin receptor, and for its internalization properties. Conjugation of a novel auristatin derivative drug linker to hz208F2-4 did not alter its binding and internalization properties. W0101 induced receptor-dependent cell cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> when applied to various cell lines overexpressing IGF-1R, but it did not affect normal cells. Efficacy studies were conducted in several mouse models expressing different levels of IGF-1R to determine the sensitivity of the tumors to W0101. W0101 induced potent tumor regression in certain mouse models. Interestingly, the potency of W0101 correlated with the expression level of IGF-1R evaluated by IHC. In an MCF-7 breast cancer model with high-level IGF-1R expression, a single injection of W0101 3 mg/kg led to strong inhibition of tumor growth. W0101 provides a potential new therapeutic option for patients overexpressing IGF-1R. A first-in-human trial of W0101 is currently ongoing to address clinical safety.
Overseas Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in US–Bound Immigrants (2022)

Seventy percent of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States occur among non-US-born persons; cases usually result from reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) likely acquired before the person's US arrival. We conducted a prospective study among US immigrant visa applicants undergoing the required overseas medical examination in Vietnam. Consenting applicants >15 years of age were offered an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA); those 12-14 years of age received an IGRA as part of the required examination. Eligible participants were offered LTBI treatment with 12 doses of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine. Of 5,311 immigrant visa applicants recruited, 2,438 (46%) consented to participate; 2,276 had an IGRA processed, and 484 (21%) tested positive. Among 452 participants eligible for treatment, 304 (67%) initiated treatment, and 268 (88%) completed treatment. We demonstrated that using the overseas medical examination to provide voluntary LTBI testing and treatment should be considered to advance US TB elimination efforts.
Reactivity and ligand dynamics of a skeletally chiral metal cluster: [(.mu.3-.eta.2-C2Bu-tert)(CO)9Ru3]2(.mu.4-Hg) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity and ligand dynamics of a skeletally chiral metal cluster: [(.mu.3-.eta.2-C2Bu-tert)(CO)9Ru3]2(.mu.4-Hg)Sharad. Hajela, Bruce M. Novak, and Edward. RosenbergCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 2, 468–475Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00104a030https://doi.org/10.1021/om00104a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE EFFECT OF OSMOTIC STRESS ON THE IONIC EXCHANGE OF A SHORE CRAB (1959)

1. The effects of osmotic stress on the ion concentration in the blood of the crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes, were investigated. Stresses imposed were 50% sea water, 150% sea water and desiccation to a water loss of about 7% body weight.2. The observed ratios, blood change (mEq./l.)/medium change (mEq./l.), for sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium after the crab was transferred from normal sea water to 50% or 150% sea water yielded values for "apparent volume of distribution." The average value for sodium was 38.5% body weight, but for the other three ions was at least 100% body weight.3. The large values for "apparent volume of distribution" in the cases of potassium, calcium and magnesium indicate that these ions are contained in extra-vascular pools in greater concentrations than they are in the blood and that these pools participate in ion exchanges between animal and medium. Thus, a concentration change can occur in the blood without being reflected in the medium or vice versa.4. Calcium is lost to the medium by Pachygrapsus when it is immersed in normal sea water. Blood calcium increases when a crab is transferred from normal sea water to dilute sea water.5. When Pachygrapsus is desiccated, the blood concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium average greater increases than does the sodium concentration. This suggests that potassium, calcium and possibly magnesium shift from an extra-vascular pool into the blood space. The phenomenon is interpreted as a physiological failure and a factor which may limit the terrestrial life of this species.6. The ratio, urine concentration (mEq./l.)/blood concentration (mEq./l.), for the respective ions suggests the role of the antennary glands as ion regulators under the various stress conditions. Thus the antennary glands were found to be relatively ineffective as regulators of sodium, potassium and calcium for all conditions studied. The U/B ratio for magnesium averaged 5.62 when the crab was immersed in 50% sea water; 13.6 for normal sea water; 15.4 for 150% sea water and 23.6 when the crab was desiccated. These high ratios suggest that a principal role of the antennary glands is magnesium regulation.7. The volumes of urine production which have not been measured must be known before the effectiveness of the antennary glands as magnesium regulators can be determined.
Location-Based Illumination Control Access in Wireless Lighting Systems (2015)

Indoor lighting systems with wireless sensor-equipped luminaires are considered as an infrastructure for offering location-based illumination control. Wireless occupancy and light sensors transmit sensing information to a lighting controller, which then adapts artificial illumination from luminaires to user occupancy and daylight changes. Such wireless sensor transmissions can be used to collect received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values at a user device. We propose to use the RSSI measurements at the user device, in combination with accelerometer sensor data, to determine user location zone when a user seeks personalized light control. Based on its location zone, the user is granted control of associated luminaires. The performance of the proposed system and positioning method is evaluated in a large indoor lighting open-plan office model.
Frontispiece: Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds (2016)

Atmospheric Chemistry The structure of nitric acid trihydrate, as determined by H. Grothe et al. and described in their Communication on page 3276 ff., provides information on the early stages of ice cloud formation in the stratosphere and upper troposphere.
Consensus-building conversation leads to neural alignment (2020)

Conversation is a primary means of social influence, but its effects on brain activity remain unknown. Previous work on conversation and social influence has emphasized public compliance, largely setting private beliefs aside. Here, we show that consensus-building conversation aligns future brain activity within groups, with alignment persisting through novel experiences participants did not discuss. Participants watched ambiguous movie clips during fMRI scanning, then conversed in groups with the goal of coming to a consensus about each clip’s narrative. After conversation, participants’ brains were scanned while viewing the clips again, along with novel clips from the same movies. Groups that reached consensus showed greater similarity of brain activity after conversation. Participants perceived as having high social status spoke more and signaled disbelief in others, and their groups had unequal turn-taking and lower neural alignment. By contrast, participants with central positions in their real-world social networks encouraged others to speak, facilitating greater group neural alignment. Socially central participants were also more likely to become neurally aligned to others in their groups.
Novel liquid-crystal phase-transition behavior at the chiral nematic–smectic-A–smectic-Cpoint (1989)

New phenomenology of the chiral nematic (N), smectic-A (A), ferroelectric smectic-C (C) point (NAC) is reported in a binary mixture of two chiral components. We find a tricritical point on the AC phase-transition line which is displaced from the NAC point, and an NA line which is first order. At the NAC point all three transitions (NA,AC,NC) are first order, making it a triple point. The results suggest ways to generate a variety of additional new NAC behavior.
Computation of current distribution in electrodeposition, a review (1990)

This paper reviews the research literature that has appeared since 1980 on computer calculations of current distribution in the field of electrodeposition. Key contributions and general trends are identified, with particular emphasis given to applications in the electronics industry. The survey reveals how numerical models have provided the technology of electrodeposition with general understanding, predictive power, and the capability of optimizing deposit uniformity. Anticipated developments for the nineties are discussed.
The Genetics of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: What Can the Germline Tell Us? (2008)

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the cornerstone treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Despite frequent responses, the majority of metastatic tumors will progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Numerous molecular and genetic perturbations have been described in castration-resistant prostate cancer, which are attributable for gain-of-function changes in the androgen receptor, allowing for cell survival and proliferation with castrate levels of testosterone. The utility of these somatic perturbations, which are selected for in the tumor after ADT, for prognostication of response and response duration in metastatic prostate cancer, is problematic. Here, we discuss recent studies that describe germline polymorphisms that determine the response to ADT. Coding and noncoding germline polymorphisms in genes involved in the androgen pathway affect the response to ADT. These polymorphisms require further study and validation. However, they have the potential to be useful for prognosticating the response to ADT, designing clinical trials for patients who have poor germline prognostic features and designing novel therapies targeted against genes that influence the response to ADT.
A Novel Wear-In-Pad Approach to Minimizing Spacing at the Head/Disk Interface (2004)

Here we demonstrate a new approach to bring the disk drive recording head close to the disk media, while achieving tight control of the final head-media separation. The slider in this approach has a miniature Wear-In-Pad (WIP) at its trailing edge, encapsulating the read/write elements. As the slider flies over the disk, the slider overcoat and head recession are quickly worn off, resulting in the bottom of read and write elements clearing the disk roughness by only a few nanometers. We show that the Wear-In-Pad is a viable way to achieve the sub 7 nm head-media separations believed to be necessary for Tb/in/sup 2/ recording.
The pareto optimization of wide-band conformal antenna arrays (2011)

A design procedure for synthesizing wideband conformal antenna arrays based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is presented. In this paper, raised power series (RPS) are employed as a simple yet effective way to introduce aperiodicity into a conformal semi-circular phased antenna array for achieving wideband performance. Unlike conventional linear array synthesis methods where, for example, the genetic algorithm (GA) has been utilized to meet a single design objective, the multi-objective optimization technique proposed in this paper employs the nondominated sorting GA version II (NSGA-II).
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Mitochondrial DNA of the Dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula (1998)

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. The 16,697-bp-long mtDNA possesses a gene organization identical to that of the Osteichthyes, but different from that of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. The main features of the mtDNA of osteichthyans were thus established in the common ancestor to chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. The phylogenetic analysis confirms that the Chondrichthyes are the sister group of the Osteichthyes.
Interfacial Morphology and Photoelectrochemistry of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Adsorbed on Single Crystal TiO2 (2011)

The nanoscale morphology and photoactivity of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) deposited from different solvents onto single crystal TiO(2) were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photocurrent spectroscopy. CPE surface coverages on TiO(2) could be incremenentally increased by adsorbing the CPEs from static solutions. The solvents used for polymer adsorption influenced the surface morpohology of the CPEs on the TiO(2) surface. Photocurrent spectroscopy measurements in aqueous electrolytes, using iodide as a hole scavenger, revealed that the magnitude of the sensitized photocurrents was related to the surface coverages and the degree of aggregation of the CPEs as determined by AFM imaging. Absorbed photon-to-current efficiencies approaching 50% were measured for CPE layers as thick as 4 nm on TiO(2). These results suggest that precise control of CPE morphology at the TiO(2) interface can be achieved through optimization of the deposition conditions to improve the power conversion efficiencies of polymer-sensitized solar cells.
Improved procedure for fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays (2001)

Our improved protocol for FISH on TMAs provides standardized hybridization conditions leading to high-quality hybridization signals in the majority of specimens. The increases in the signal intensity and the number of evaluable samples are extremely important for the successful analyses of TMAs by FISH and will allow the utilization of the TMA technology in its full potential.
ChemInform Abstract: A RAPID‐INJECTION (RI) NMR STUDY OF THE REACTIVITY OF BUTYLLITHIUM AGGREGATES IN TETRAHYDROFURAN (1985)

Abstract Der Einfluß der Aggregation auf die Reaktivität von Butyllithium gegenüber Benzaldehyd und Cyclopentadien in THF wird bei ‐ 85°C untersucht.
The AC Impedance Characteristic of High Power Li4Ti5O12-Based Battery Cells (2015)

This paper studies the impedance characteristics of a fresh 13 Ah high-power lithium titanate oxide (LTO) battery cell and analyses its dependence on the temperature and state-of-charge. The impedance of the battery cell was measured by means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique for the entire state-of-charge (SOC) interval and considering five temperatures between 5 o C and 45 o C. By analyzing the measured impedance spectra of the LTO-based battery cell, it was found out that the cell’s impedance is extremely dependent on the operating conditions. By further processing the measurements data by means of curve fitting, it was found that the parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit (and the corresponding electro-chemical processes) are following different dependencies on the SOC, which in most of the cases are only slightly changing with the measurement temperature.
Multipotent and Committed CD34+ Cells in Bone Marrow Transplantation (1991)

In order to study the role of CD34+ cells in hematological recovery following bone marrow transplantation (BMT), bone marrow cells stained with HPCA-1 (CD34) and MY-9 (CD33) monoclonal antibodies were analyzed by using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter on or about days 14 and 28, as well as at later times, following BMT in 6 recipients. Single cell cultures of CD34+ cells were also performed to evaluate their in vitro hematopoietic function. CD34+ cells were detectable in bone marrow cells on day 14. More than 80% of CD34+ cells co-expressed the CD33 antigen, and macrophage (Mac) colony-forming cells predominated among total colony-forming cells of CD34+ cells. In normal bone marrow cells, CD34+, CD33+ cells amounted to about 40% of CD34+ cells, and the incidences of erythroid bursts, granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colonies, and Mac colonies were similar to each other. After more than 10 weeks, CD34+, CD33- cells gradually recovered, as erythroid burst colony-forming cells increased following GM colony-forming cells. This phenomenon was well-correlated with the time course of peripheral blood cell recovery. CD34+, CD33+ cells as committed progenitors and CD34+, CD33- cells as multipotent stem cells have distinctive biological behaviors in BMT.
Detective quantum efficiency of imaging systems with amplifying and scattering mechanisms (1987)

We have analyzed the influence of stochastic amplifying and scattering mechanisms on the transfer of signal and noise through multistage imaging systems in terms of multivariate moment-generating functions. Stochastic amplification of photon noise by one stage of an imaging system is shown to constitute an effective signal to the next, while the underlying photon-noise component is unaffected by a subsequent scattering process. In the case of stationary, photon-limited inputs, these considerations then lead to useful expressions for the noise power spectrum and detective quantum efficiency for multistage image systems. The application of these results to the analysis of radiographic screen-film imaging systems is discussed.
Nonlinear Laser Synchrotron Source Experiment for Tunable, Monochromatic X-rays (2003)

Summary form only given. The laser synchrotron source (LSS) experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory generates X-rays using Thomson scattering of laser photons from a relativistic electron beam. Previous experiments utilized a thermionic RF electron gun operating at 2.856 GHz to produce electron beams with an energy of 4.1 MeV and average currents of 300 mA over the 300-nsec macropulse. A Nd:Glass laser (5 J, 10 nsec, 1.053 m wavelength) was used in a 180-degree scattering geometry. Experimental results included the generation of 372 eV photons with 2% bandwidth and 2/spl times/10/sup 7/ photons per pulse. A new experiment is underway to investigate nonlinear Thomson scattering using a new photocathode RF gun (BNL IV design) and the T/sup 3/ laser (/spl sim/1 J, 0.3 psec). When this laser is focused to a spot size of 10 /spl mu/m the peak intensity reaches 6/spl times/10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/ with a corresponding laser strength parameter a/sub 0/=2.2. The quiver motion of an electron in such an intense field is relativistic, and the scattered radiation occurs at higher harmonics of the linear Doppler-upshifted frequency. The new experiment has two laser pulse compressors: one for the uv pulse which illuminates the photocathode and one for the main (scattering) laser pulse. This allows the electron beam and scattering beam pulse lengths to be varied independently. The nominal RF gun operating parameters are 4.5 MeV, 100 A peak current, <1 nC charge, pulse lengths of a few psec, and a normalized rms emittance of 3 /spl pi/-mm-mrad. Results will be presented on the conditioning and initial operation of the RF gun.
Structural Determinants of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Stereoselectivity Towards (β)-L-Deoxy- and Dideoxy-Pyrimidine Nucleoside Triphosphates: Molecular Basis for the Combination of L-Dideoxynucleoside Analogs with Non-nucleoside Inhibitors in Anti HIV Chemotherapy (1999)

Abstract We have compared the HIV-11 RT mutants containing the single substitutions L100I, K103N, V106A, V179D, Y181I and Y188L, known to confere NNI-resistance in treated patients, to HIV-1 RT wt for their sensitivity towards inhibition by D- and L-deoxy- and dideoxy-nucleoside tiphosphates. The results showed a differential effect of the substitutions on the affinity for both D- and L-enantiomers of deoxy- and dideoxy-nucleoside triphosphates and provide a rationale for the utilization of L-dideoxynucleoside analogs with NNI in combination chemotherapy.
Interferon-α2a effects on complement activation and regulation in MS patients (2000)

The results indicate that complement is activated during the initial phase of rIFN-alpha2a treatment. This could partly be due to a concomitant reduction in soluble CD35.