gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A process technology toolbox for next generation large area crystalline silicon solar cells (2010)

For further reduction of the crystalline Silicon solar cell cost/Wp, a dual approach is required: Further reduction of the silicon material by using thinner wafer and further increasing the conversion efficiency. Considering wafer thicknesses of 150µm and below the standard process with Ag screen-printed contacts on 50–60Ω/sq emitter and full Al BSF cannot provide the necessary efficiency increase. The reason for that is the increasing influence of the rear surface recombination current, which becomes a limited current loss mechanism. Within the Photovoltaic department in IMEC a research program has been launched with the goal of providing industrial processes for the next generation thin crystalline silicon solar cells. In this paper we are reporting on the development of a process toolbox that allows overcoming the full Al-BSF and the Ag-screen printing front-side metallization limitations. The next step towards higher efficiency targets is the implementation of novel emitter schemes and consequently advanced front-side metallization like electro-plating of copper for further photocurrent and fillfactor increase. By implementing Cu-plating as a front-side metallization, large area cells with efficiencies up to 18.4% have been fabricated. These are the initial steps for a cell concept that potentially can reach 19% efficiency in an industrial process flow. The progress towards an industrial Passivated Emitter and Rear Locally doped cell concept (i-PERL) is presented.
Global citizen deliberation on genome editing (2020)

Global governance can be informed by a deliberative assembly composed of lay citizens
O1044 HEMI ARTHROPLASTY VERSUS REVERSE ARTHROPLASTY IN TREATMENT OF ARTHROPATHY WITH MASSIVE ROTATOR CUFF TEAR (2004)

Aim: To compare results of hemi arthroplasty (Aequalis) and reverse arthroplasty (Delta) in treatment of arthropathy with massive cuff tear. Methods: This was a multicentric study included 142 shoulder arthroplasties (80 reverse and 62 hemiarthroplasties). The pre-op. status was similar in two population according to Constant score, active anterior elevation (AAE) and active external rotation (AER). Results: The patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 44 months. There were 7 failures needed 5 revisions (2 in hemi group and 3 in reverse one). The Constant score was significantly better (p Conclusions: We found significantly better results for reverse prostheses. The inherent risk of hemiarthroplasties is upward migration wearing the coraco acromialarch. The inherent risk of reverse prosthesis is the notch in scapula, and the strain on glenoid fixation, but the results over 5 years stay satisfactory.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Indoledione Class of Long Chain Fatty Acid Elongase 6 (ELOVL6) Inhibitors (2009)

Novel indoledione derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) inhibitors. Systematic optimization of an indole class of lead 1 led to the identification of potent ELOVL6 selective inhibitors. Representative inhibitor 37 showed sustained plasma exposure and good liver penetrability in mice. After oral administration, 37 potently inhibited ELOVL6 activity in the liver in mice.
A data-derived time-domain SEA for UXO identification using the MPV sensor (2008)

The Man Portable Vector (MPV) sensor is a new mono/multistatic time-domain EMI detector that provides a detailed electromagnetic picture of a target by measuring all three magnetic field components at five distinct receiver positions in over 100 time channels. We have adapted the data-derived Standardized Excitation Approach (SEA) to this sensor. The SEA has been found in the past to make sound predictions in near-field situations, where schemes like the dipole model fail, and in cases where the target under interrogation is heterogeneous and the interactions between its different sections affect the detectable signal. The method replaces a given target with a set of sources placed on a surrounding spheroid and decomposes the sensor primary field into a set of standardized modes. Each of these modes elicits a response from the sources that is intrinsic to the object; it is only the relative weights of the modes that vary with the position and orientation of the target relative to the sensor. The strengths of the sources can be determined by fitting experimental data. Here we review some of the results we obtain when we apply the technique to problems relevant to the identification of unexploded ordnance (UXO). We extract the source parameters using high-quality measurements collected at a UXO test stand and invert unused data sets for location and to discriminate between different objects. We carry out similar experiments with buried objects in order to assess the performance of the method in realistic situations.
Learning Preference Relations for Information Retrieval (1998)

In this paper we investigate the problem of learning a preference relation from a given set of ranked documents. We show that the Bayes&amp;apos;s optimal decision function, when applied to learning a preference relation, may violate transitivity. This is undesirable for information retrieval, because it is in conflict with a document ranking based on the user&amp;apos;s preferences. To overcome this problem we present a vector space based method that performs a linear mapping from documents to scalar utility values and thus guarantees transitivity. The learning of the relation between documents is formulated as a classification problem on pairs of documents and is solved using the principle of structural risk minimization for good generalization. The approach is extended to polynomial utility functions by using the potential function method (the so called &amp;quot;kernel trick&amp;quot;), which allows to incorporate higher order correlations of features into the utility function at minimal computational costs. The resu...
A Simple Way to Decompress the Left Ventricle during Venoarterial Bypass (2008)

Remote drainage of the pulmonary artery during venoarterial bypass allows for effective decompression of the left ventricle and provides superior hemodynamics.
Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming (2020)

Key-Value Stores (KVSs) came into prominence as highly-available, eventually consistent (EC), “NoSQL” Databases, but have quickly transformed into general-purpose, programmable storage systems. Thus, EC, while relevant, is no longer sufficient. Complying with the emerging requirements for stronger consistency, researchers have proposed KVSs with multiple consistency levels (MCL) that expose the consistency/performance trade-off to the programmer. We argue that this approach falls short in both programmability and performance. For instance, the MCL APIs proposed thus far, fail to capture the ordering relationship between strongly- and weakly-consistent accesses that naturally occur in programs.<br/><br/>Taking inspiration from shared memory, we advocate Release Consistency (RC) for KVSs. We argue that RC’s one-sided barriers are ideal for capturing the ordering relationship between synchronization and non-synchronization accesses while enabling high-performance. <br/><br/>We present Kite, the first highly-available, replicated KVS that offers a linearizable variant of RC for the asynchronous setting with individual process and network failures. Kiteen forces RC barriers through a novel fast/slow path mechanism that leverages the absence of failures in the typical case to maximize performance while relying on the slow path for progress. Our evaluation shows that the RDMA-enabled and heavily-multithreaded Kite achieves orders of magnitude better performance than Derecho (a state-of-the-art RDMA-enabled state machine replication system) and significantly outperforms ZAB (the protocol at the heart of Zookeeper).We demonstrate the efficacy of Kite by porting three lock-free shared memory data structures, and showing that Kite outperforms the competition.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Dibenzoselenacycloheptynes. (2013)

Abstract The title compound (VI) is a new type of strained alkyne and is synthesized via a short synthetic route.
A positive feedback between p53 and miR-34 miRNAs mediates tumor suppression (2014)

As bona fide p53 transcriptional targets, miR-34 microRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit frequent alterations in many human tumor types and elicit multiple p53 downstream effects upon overexpression. Unexpectedly, miR-34 deletion alone fails to impair multiple p53-mediated tumor suppressor effects in mice, possibly due to the considerable redundancy in the p53 pathway. Here, we demonstrate that miR-34a represses HDM4, a potent negative regulator of p53, creating a positive feedback loop acting on p53. In a Kras-induced mouse lung cancer model, miR-34a deficiency alone does not exhibit a strong oncogenic effect. However, miR-34a deficiency strongly promotes tumorigenesis when p53 is haploinsufficient, suggesting that the defective p53-miR-34 feedback loop can enhance oncogenesis in a specific context. The importance of the p53/miR-34/HDM4 feedback loop is further confirmed by an inverse correlation between miR-34 and full-length HDM4 in human lung adenocarcinomas. In addition, human lung adenocarcinomas generate an elevated level of a short HDM4 isoform through alternative polyadenylation. This short HDM4 isoform lacks miR-34-binding sites in the 3' untranslated region (UTR), thereby evading miR-34 regulation to disable the p53-miR-34 positive feedback. Taken together, our results elucidated the intricate cross-talk between p53 and miR-34 miRNAs and revealed an important tumor suppressor effect generated by this positive feedback loop.
Computer Simulation of the Microstructure Developed in Reaction‐Sintered Silicon Nitride Ceramics (1990)

A simulation model of the microstructure developed during the reaction sintering of ultrafine silicon powders is presented. The model employs interactive subroutines that describe particle compaction, sintering, and nitridation. The particle compaction model is based on a random particle packing model, whereas the sintering and reaction sintering models are based on the modified grain model and the sharp interface model (SIM). Microstructural changes due to the competition between chemical reaction and sintering are taken into account in the model. The results predicated by this model show good agreement with experimental data from previous studies.
Inconsistent treatments of the kinetics of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) impair assessment of its diagnostic potential (2022)

The scientific and technological advent of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is one of the most exciting developments of the past decade, particularly in the field of gene editing. The technology has two essential components, (1) a guide RNA to match a targeted gene and (2) a CRISPR-associated protein (e.g. Cas 9, Cas12 or Cas13) that acts as an endonuclease to specifically cut DNA. This specificity and reconfigurable nature of CRISPR has also spurred intense academic and commercial interest in the development of CRISPR-based molecular diagnostics. CRISPR Cas12 and Cas13 orthologs are most commonly applied to diagnostics, and these cleave and become activated by DNA and RNA targets, respectively. Despite the intense research interest, the limits of detection (LoDs) and applications of CRISP-based diagnostics remain an open question. A major reason for this is that reports of kinetic rates have been widely inconsistent, and the vast majority of these reports contain gross errors including violations of basic conservation and kinetic rate laws. It is the intent of this <i>Perspective</i> to bring attention to these issues and to identify potential improvements in the manner in which CRISPR kinetic rates and assay LoDs are reported and compared. The CRISPR field would benefit from verifications of self-consistency of data, providing sufficient data for reproduction of experiments, and, in the case of reports of novel assay LoDs, concurrent reporting of the associated kinetic rate constants. The early development of CRISPR-based diagnostics calls for self-reflection and urges us to proceed with caution.
Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for the Radical Acrylate Polymerization Co-initiated by Imine Bases (2014)

The catalysis of the imine base acrylate (IBA) polymerization by Ionic Liquids (ILs) is reported. Addition of IL traces (~10-50 mM) to an imine base / acrylate mixture leads to both a significant decrease of the activation temperature (40 °C) required for the IBA polymerization process and an increase in the polymerization rate by a factor of 5-40 depending on the IL species. The radical character of the polymerization is proved by copolymerization experiments using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylonitrile (MAN) and comparison with literature known values of copolymerization parameters rMMA and rMAN of these co-monomers. The influence of the IL on the polymerization kinetics is quantified by the polymerization rate law; the order referring to the IL is 1 indicating its crucial impact on the monomer activation. The IBA activation properties are strongly dependent on the IL interaction strengths with the IBA components verified by the KAMELT-TAFT hydrogen bond donating ability α. The stronger the interaction (higher α) is, the less the IBA polymerization activation. The temperature dependence of four different IL catalysed IBA polymerization is investigated, allows a classification and anomalous non-ARRHENIUS regimes are discussed. Activation energies EA,P span over 20 and 50 kJ·mol−1, which is between the values of thermal- (~80 kJ·mol−1) and photo-initiation (~20 kJ·mol−1).
The Software PARIS Interferometric Receiver (2016)

The Software PARIS Interferometric Receiver (SPIR) is a multichannel GNSS-R recording receiver. It is capable to record the GNSS signals at L1, L2 or L5 bands from eight up-looking and eight down-looking antenna elements simultaneously at a rate of 80 MHz. A software post-processor processes the recorded data off-line to obtain altimetric estimates. Its development has been carried out in order to validate experimentally the synoptic capabilities of GNSS-R using the PARIS Interferometric Technique and to allow the comparison of different GNSS-R processing techniques on exactly the same set of recorded data. The paper presents the instrument's main characteristics and preliminary results.
Critical Size for Fracture during Solid−Solid Phase Transformations (2004)

The study of nanoscale materials with well-controlled size and shape can be used to learn more about critical length scales for numerous physical and chemical phenomena in solids and extended systems.1,2 Small nanocrystals (below 5-nm diameter) have been shown to exhibit fully reversible single-domain structural phase transformations with large volume changes over multiple cycles. The same transformations in extended solids are accompanied by irreversible domain formation.3-5 Here we investigate the crossover between these regimes by studying a pressure-induced structural transformation in 4-nm-diameter nanorods varying in aspect ratio from 1 to 10. We find that above a critical length the nanorods fracture at the moment of the structural transformation. This work demonstrates the use of simple, well-defined nanoscale systems to examine fundamental structural phenomena found in extended solids.
Restriction of DNA encoding selectable markers decreases the transformation efficiency ofHelicobacter pylori (2004)

Helicobacter pylori populations recovered from the human stomach display extensive recombination and quasispecies development, and this suggests frequent exchange of DNA between different strains in vivo. In vitro, however, most H. pylori strains display restriction to the uptake of non-self DNA, as measured using selectable markers, regardless of their competency for transformation with self DNA. We have examined the effect of different selectable markers on double-crossover recombination efficiencies in three reference strains (1061, 26695 & SS1) and one clinical isolate (CHP1) of H. pylori. All strains were efficiently transformable to kanamycin or chloramphenicol resistance by using self-genomic DNA from isogenic mutants bearing the aphA3 or cat cassettes, respectively. However, strains 26695 and CHP1 showed a 3–5-log reduction in transformation efficiency by non-self recombinant DNA containing aphA3, when compared to cat. Strain 1061 readily accepted either cassette, and strain SS1 was poorly tolerant of any non-self DNA. Genome-wide random mutagenesis of these strains was only achievable with a selectable marker that allowed high transformation efficiency. Digestion of 32P-labelled cassettes by H. pylori lysates mirrored the transformation results and indicated that in some strains these cassettes are the targets of enzymatic restriction.
A PDZ-binding motif is essential but not sufficient to localize the C terminus of CFTR to the apical membrane (2001)

Localization of ion channels and transporters to the correct membrane of polarized epithelia is important for vectorial ion movement. Prior studies have shown that the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved in the apical localization of this protein. Here we show that the C-terminal tail alone, or when fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP), can localize to the apical plasma membrane, despite the absence of transmembrane domains. Co-expression of the C terminus with full-length CFTR results in redistribution of CFTR from apical to basolateral membranes, indicating that both proteins interact with the same target at the apical membrane. Amino acid substitution and deletion analysis confirms the importance of a PDZ-binding motif D-T-R-L> for apical localization. However, two other C-terminal regions, encompassing amino acids 1370-1394 and 1404-1425 of human CFTR, are also required for localizing to the apical plasma membrane. Based on these results, we propose a model of polarized distribution of CFTR, which includes a mechanism of selective retention of this protein in the apical plasma membrane and stresses the requirement for other C-terminal sequences in addition to a PDZ-binding motif.
Experimental CVB3-induced chronic myocarditis in two murine strains: Evidence of interrelationships between virus replication and myocardial damage in persistent cardiac infection (1997)

In order to analyse the relationships between enteroviral replication and the myocardial damage at the onset of chronic cardiac infection, 2 mouse strains with different degrees of immunological competence (NMRI nu/nu, DBA/2) were infected by a myocarditic Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3-M1) variant. At 31 days post-inoculation, plaque-forming assay, polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry were carried out for detecting viruses and viral components in the myocardium. The virological findings were related to histopathological changes in the myocardium as well to the dilatation of both cardiac ventricles. Chronic myocardial lesions characterized by large fibrosis areas and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates were detected together with cardiomegalia in 52.6% (10/19) of athymic mice and in 9% (2/22) of euthymic mice. Viral replication foci were located and were found only in myocarditic cells adjacent to myocardial inflammatory lesions by immunostaining myocardial tissue sections with anti-serum to VP1 virus capsid protein. Using PCR followed by microwell capture hybridization assay, a large excess of viral positive strand RNA over negative strand was semiquantified in heart tissue from mice with chronic myocarditis, whereas approximately equal amounts of plus and minus strand RNA were detected in cases of persistent cardiac infection without chronic myocardial injuries. These findings provide evidence of the major role of viral replication in the pathogenesis of chronic murine CVB3-induced cardiomyopathy. The results indicate that the cardiac persistence of enteroviral RNAs can be observed without chronic cardiomyopathy, which could be explained by a defective viral positive RNA replication.
Halting password puzzles: hard-to-break encryption from human-memorable keys (2007)

We revisit the venerable question of &amp;quot;pure password&amp;quot;-based key derivation and encryption,and expose security weaknesses in current implementations that stem from structural flaws in Key Derivation Functions (KDF). We advocate a fresh redesign, named Halting KDF (HKDF),which we thoroughly motivate on these grounds: 1. By letting password owners choose the hash iteration count, we gain operational flexibilityand eliminate the rapid obsolescence faced by many existing schemes. 2. By throwing a Halting-Problem wrench in the works of guessing that iteration count, wewiden the security gap with any attacker to its theoretical optimum. 3. By parallelizing the key derivation, we let legitimate users exploit all the computationalpower they can muster, which in turn further raises the bar for attackers. HKDFs are practical and universal: they work with any password, any hardware, and aminor change to the user interface. As a demonstration, we offer real-world implementations for the TrueCrypt and GnuPG packages, and discuss their security benefits in concrete terms.
A neural network algorithm for detecting invisible concrete surface cracks in near-field millimeter-wave images (2009)

Using near-field millimeter-wave imaging, we have developed a nondestructive inspection tool called “Crack Scan” to detect concrete surface cracks of sub-millimeter width. In this paper, we propose a new image-processing algorithm based on a cross-coupled neural network, which enables Crack Scan to detect invisible cracks in blurred images. We demonstrate that our algorithm can detect a 0.2-mm-wide crack under a ceramic tile on-site.
Similarities between the clathrasils DOH, DDR, MEP and MTN (2004)

Abstract Clathrasils are porous framework silicates with cage-like voids. Structural similarities between the clathrasils DOH , MTN , MEP , DD3H and DDR have been analyzed in the context of host/guest interaction and crystallization mechanism. A building unit consisting of 30 T atoms is used as common structural feature to give an alternative description of the well-known layers of [5 12 ]-cages. The [5 12 ]-layers, or Periodic Building Units (PerBU’s), are constructed from two 12-rings connected through a common 6-ring to form two half cages or a 12-ring double cup. These ‘half-cages’ are essentially the bottom of the large ‘inter-layer’ cages in the clathrasils. The rigorous derivation of all possible framework types and their cages based on these principles shows the richness of the concept and makes possible new strategies for the synthesis. The ‘half-cages’ are also possible candidates for precursors which might exist in solution in close contact with templating guest species initiating the nucleation of the crystals.
Indoor occupancy logger with compressive vision sensing (2014)

An occupancy logger that determines user presence and estimated locations in an indoor space may be used for occupancy analytics, space management and other building services. We consider use of a vision sensor along with compressive sensing techniques for occupancy logging. In the presented solution, a sparse representation of captured images is obtained at the sensing device. The sparse representation is sent to a cloud computing unit (CCU). At the CCU, occupancy changes are determined using a change detector. If occupancy is determined, the image is reconstructed using compressive recovery techniques and occupancy is localized and subsequently tracked.We evaluate the performance of this technique with a simple image differencing method under different illuminance conditions.