gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active and adaptive optical methods for rapid fabrication of 3D photonic structures (2012)

We outline recent research into the application of adaptive optical techniques to the laser fabrication of threedimensional structures with sub-micrometer precision. Aberration correction can be implemented using deformable mirrors or liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LCSLMs). The correction ensures that the quality of the laser focus is maintained when focussing at depth into a material with high refractive index. Flexible parallel fabrication methods have been implemented using a LCSLM through both holographic beam shaping and an addressable microlens array. Applications have been shown in a range of high index materials, including diamond, lithium niobate and glasses.
Flabelliferins A and B, Sesterterpenoids from the South Pacific Sponge Carteriospongia flabellifera (2012)

Two new sesterterpenoids named flabelliferins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the lipophilic extract of the sponge Cateriospongia flabellifera, collected in the South Pacific near Vanuatu. The structure and absolute configuration of these two compounds were assigned by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and by Mosher's ester analysis. Flabelliferin A (1) has a rare 25-homocheilanthane carbon skeleton, while flabelliferin B (2) is a 24-nor-25-homoscalarane sesterterpenoid.
Detailed Catalyst Layer Structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells from Contrast Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (2023)

Despite the significant decrease in past decades, the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, largely due to the rare and expensive electrocatalyst made of platinum, restrains their massive deployment. Therefore, reducing the platinum content in the electrode is the keystone of intense research efforts to increase the catalyst activity or utilization. The catalyst layer structure, especially the water and ionomer distributions, rules the active site availability for electrochemical reactions and thus catalyst utilization because of its influence on the transport of protons and oxygen. However, the rational design of more efficient electrodes faces the lack of accurate knowledge of their complex nanoporous structure. Specifically, ionomer and water distributions are very difficult to probe with conventional electron microscopy or X-ray techniques. This work provides quantitative information on the electrode structure, regarding ionomer and water distributions, thanks to an extensive analysis of small-angle neutron scattering profiles at different relative humidities and contrasts. A 2 to 3 nm-thin ionomer film spreads around the Pt/C catalyst particles, while a condensed water layer appears at the catalyst/ionomer interface depending on the type of carbon support.
Use of a Constrained Tripolar Acetabular Liner to Treat Intraoperative Instability and Postoperative Dislocation after Total Hip Arthroplasty (2004)

Constrained acetabular components have been used to treat certain cases of intraoperative instability and postoperative dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. We report our experience with a tripolar constrained component used in these situations since 1988. The outcomes of the cases where this component was used were analyzed for component failure, component loosening, and osteolysis. At average 10-year followup, for cases treated for intraoperative instability (2 cases) or postoperative dislocation (4 cases), the component failure rate was 6% (6 of 101 hips in 5 patients). For cases where the constrained liner was cemented into a fixed cementless acetabular shell, the failure rate was 7% (2 of 31 hips in 2 patients) at 3.9-year average followup. Use of a constrained liner was not associated with an increased osteolysis or aseptic loosening rate. This tripolar constrained acetabular liner provided total hip arthroplasty construct stability in most cases in which it was used for intraoperative instability or postoperative dislocation.
Novel CI-backoff scheme for real-time embedded speech recognition (2010)

A new method for reduction of computation and memory bandwidth for embedded large vocabulary continuous speech recognition is presented. During the Hidden Markov model state likelihood computation, scores for selected context-dependent (triphone) model states are computed for several frames in advance. Scores that are subsequently needed for Viterbi search but not found in the buffer are replaced by the scores for associated context independent (monophone) models. On the Wall Street Journal 20,000 word continuous speech recognition task, an overall reduction of 58% memory bandwidth and decrease of 23% execution time is achieved relative to an assembly optimized implementation of Sphinx 3. Recognition accuracy is reduced by <;1% while recognition latency is increased by 30 milliseconds.
Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases produced by streptomyces. II. Isolation and structure of new isocoumarins. (1977)

Besides reticulol, the strain MD611-C6 produced two compounds which inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases [EC 3. 1. 4. C.] These substances were isolated and their structures were elucidated to be 8-hydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxy-3-hydroxymethylisocoumarin (II) and 6, 8-dihyroxy-7-methoxy-3-hydroxymethylisocoumarin (III). Concentrations of II and III for 50% inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase were 3.97×10-4M and 1.26×10-3M, respectively.
Influence of Seatback Angle on Occupant Dynamics in Simulated Rear-End Impacts (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the early 1980's a series of tests was conducted simulating rear-end crashes. The tests demonstrated that a conventional automotive bucket seat adequately retains an unbelted dummy on the seat for rear-end impacts up to 6.4 m/s and 9.5 g severity. For this severity of impact the total rearward rotation of the seatback is less than 60° from the vertical and is associated with a normal acceleration of the dummy's chest into the seatback of up to 10 g. The tangential acceleration of the dummy, which may induce riding up the seat, was generally less than the normal component so that the occupant was prevented from sliding up the deflected seatback. The bucket seat provided adequate containment and control of occupant displacements for each of the initial seatback angles of 9°, 22°, and 35°. Thus, the performance of the seat was not significantly effected by the initial seatback angle when the impact was less than 6.4 m/s (9.5 g) and the total deflection of the seatback was less than 60°.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The bucket seat did not retain the dummy on the seat for rear-end impact simulations of 9.6 m/s and 15.5 g, irrespective of the initial seatback angle of 9°, 22°, or 35°. In these tests there was a total seatback deflection of greater than 60°. The tangential acceleration of the chest was comparable to the normal component of acceleration inducing deformation of the seatback. In this case there was sufficient tangential acceleration to allow the dummy to slide up the seatback and induce extension of the neck greater than 70° as the head rides above the integrated head restraint.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In a limited series of tests, the ability of the seat to adequately retain an occupant surrogate in rear-end impacts was directly associated with the severity of deceleration. Although the seatback may dynamically deform 20°-30° during occupant loading, the tangential acceleration of the occupant is not sufficient to overcome the normal compression of the occupant into the seat at a seatback angle less than 60°. However, in those simulations where the seatback angle was greater than 60°, there was enough tangential acceleration of the occupant to permit riding up the seatback with the potential for secondary impacts of the occupant with the automotive interior.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We also observed that extension of the neck occurs as the anthropomorphic dummy's head rides above the integrated headrest of the seatback. This occurs late in the impact simulation (100-120 ms) near the end of the whole body displacement of the occupant into and deflecting the seatback. More importantly, as the anthropomorphic dummy leaves the seatback, the head may be extended as much as 70° when the surrogate moves toward rearward components of the car interior.&lt;/div&gt;
Optimal V-BLAST ordering in fast Rayleigh fading: A linear assignment problem (2011)

We explore a novel approach to perform decoding-order optimization in the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture. Allowing for simultaneous transmission of multiple, separately encoded data streams, the V-BLAST transmit-receive scheme applies to the uplink of a multi-user communication system. A multi-antenna receiver decodes data streams successively, dealing with inter-stream interference by means of cancelling and nulling; interference from previously decoded streams is cancelled by subtraction, and remaining interference is nulled by linear equalization. The order in which the streams are decoded can have a noticeable impact on system performance. We consider the optimization of a fixed decoding order in fast Rayleigh fading, based on long-term channel-fading parameters. For a wide range of performance measures, we show that the fast-fading ordering problem can be treated as a classical linear assignment problem, allowing a solution using existing, efficient algorithms.
Genome Databases The CATH database (2010)

The CATH database provides hierarchical classification of protein domains based on their folding patterns. Domains are obtained from protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank and both domain identification and subsequent classification use manual as well as automated procedures. The accompanying website (www.cathdb.info) provides an easy-to-use entry to the classification, allowing for both browsing and downloading of data. Here, we give a brief review of the database, its corresponding website and some related tools.
High spatial and temporal resolution thermal imaging for LSI circuits with phase microscopy (2010)

A new thermal imaging method that senses the change in Si index of refraction as a function of temperature to visualize temperature distributions of LSI circuits is described. The resolution is not limited by the heat radiation wavelength but by the sensing light source, which is usually around 1μm. The method further extends the application into the areas that require both high spatial and temporal resolution by utilizing a pulsed light source.
Elephant low-frequency vocalizations propagate in the ground and seismic playbacks of these vocalizations are detectable by wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana) (2004)

Seismic correlates of low-frequency vocalizations in African and Asian elephants propagate in the ground at different velocities, with the potential of traveling farther than their airborne counterparts. A semblance technique applied to linear moveouts on narrow-bandpass-filtered data, coupled with forward modeling, demonstrates that the complex waves observed are the interference of an air wave and a Rayleigh wave traveling at the appropriate velocities. The Rayleigh wave appears to be generated at or close to the elephant, either by coupling through the elephant’s body or through the air near the body to the ground. Low-frequency elephant vocalizations were reproduced seismically and played back to both a captive elephant and to elephant breeding herds in the wild, monitoring the elephants’ behavioral responses, spacing between herd members and time spent at the water hole as an index of heightened vigilance. Breeding herds detected and responded appropriately to seismically transmitted elephant warning calls. The captive studies promise to elucidate a vibrotactile threshold of sensitivity for the elephant foot. Elephants may benefit from the exploitation of seismic cues as an additional communication modality, thus expanding their signaling repertoire and extending their range of potential communication and eavesdropping beyond that possible with airborne sound.
Ultra-Strong Light-Matter Interaction with Mid-Infrared Metamaterials. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Submicron technology for III-nitride semiconductors (2002)

The optimization of III-nitride submicron technology based on e-beam lithography is described. On AlGaN alloys, procedures must be completely different than on Si, due to the poor electrical conductivity and low chemical reactivity of these materials. To overcome these problems, several metal/resist multilayers have been studied, both theoretically and experimentally, the most successful being the resist/metal/semiconductor and the resist/metal/resist/semiconductor schemes. The applicability of the optimized procedure was demonstrated in the fabrication of some AlGaN-based devices: surface acoustic wave filters, metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes, and high electron mobility transistors. All these submicron devices showed a clear improvement of their performance, as expected from size shrinkage.
Politique énergétique à l'horizon 2030 (2013)

National audience
Activation of the oxidative burst in human monocytes is associated with inhibition of methionine-dependent methylation of neutral lipids and phospholipids. (1984)

Chemotaxis and generation of the oxidative burst by phagocytes are among the biological functions thought to require methylation reaction(s) for their expression. The present study investigated the effect of different stimuli of the oxidative burst on lipid methylation by human elutriated monocytes as measured by methyl group incorporation from [methyl-3H]methionine into both phospholipid and neutral lipid extracts. Normal monocytes, incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h with 2 microM methionine, incorporated 10.2-fmol/10(6) cells and 73.6-fmol/10(6) cells of methyl groups into neutral lipids and phospholipids, respectively. Stimulators of the respiratory burst, such as the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine, the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, and the calcium ionophore, A23187, decreased the incorporation of methyl groups into both neutral lipids and phospholipids in a similar manner. Increasing the concentration of methionine in the medium reversed or attenuated the inhibition achieved at lower levels. An inverse relationship existed between the degree of methylation and the extent of stimulation of the oxidative burst, measured as superoxide anion (O-2) release. Stimulated monocytes oxidized methionine to methionine sulfoxide (which cannot act as a methyl-donor), and this was dependent on activation of the respiratory burst. Elimination of the accumulated methionine sulfoxide by replacement of the medium or by prevention of extracellular methionine oxidation by catalase did not effectively restore the normal level of methylation in stimulated cells, and the reduced methylation was not primarily related to a defective methionine uptake by stimulated monocytes. These data suggest that intracellular events related to activation of the respiratory burst are responsible for the decreased lipid methylation in stimulated cells, possibly by their leading to intracellular formation of methionine sulfoxide and by their limiting the availability of methyl-donor. This mechanism may be of potential relevance for the expression of biological functions where methionine-dependent reactions are involved.
High performance deep-submicron n-MOSFETs by nitrogen implantation and in-situ HF vapor clean (2002)

This study demonstrates high performance and reliable deep-submicron n-MOSFETs with ultra-thin gate oxide prepared by combining with nitrogen gate electrode implantation and native-oxide-free in-situ HF vapor pre-oxidation cleaning. Our results indicate that the performance and reliability, including the leakage current of the ultra-thin gate oxide, the drain current (I/sub d/), transconductance (G/sub m/), charge pumping current (I/sub cp/), stress induced leakage current (SILC), and hot carrier reliability of n-MOSFETs with 4 nm thin gate oxides are all significantly improved.
Abstract 175: The Nck Adaptor Proteins Couple Oxidant Stress-Driven Tyrosine Phosphorylation to NF-κB Activation and Proinflammatory Gene Expression (2014)

Reactive oxygen species production drives endothelial NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-dependent proinflammatory gene expression in several pathological conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury. While multiple reports link oxidant stress-induced tyrosine kinase signaling to NF-kappaB, we previously showed that the serine/threonine kinase p21 activated kinase (PAK) critically mediates NF-kappaB activation by oxidant stress. The adaptor protein Nck classically couples PAK to tyrosine kinase signaling by recruiting PAK to the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms linking oxidant stress to PAK signaling are currently unknown. We now show that H2O2 stimulates both Nck interactions with tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and membrane translocation, whereas inhibiting Nck (siRNA, blocking peptide) abrogates H2O2-induced PAK activation. Consistent with PAK’s role in NF-kappaB signaling, Nck knockdown completely blocks H2O2-induced NF-kappaB activation, proinflammatory gene expression, and monocyte adhesion, suggesting that Nck couples tyrosine kinase signaling to PAK-dependent NF-kappaB activation. In contrast to these proinflammatory responses, antioxidant gene expression following oxidant stress is not affected by Nck inhibition. In addition to exogenous H2O2, endogenously produced oxidant stress following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury shows a similar requirement for Nck for proinflammatory signaling (PAK, NF-kappaB), proinflammatory gene expression (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and monocyte adhesion. Finally, leukocyte firm adhesion and emigration following ischemia-reperfusion injury in the cremaster muscle of C57Bl/6J mice is completely inhibited by treatment with the Nck blocking peptide. Taken together, these data identify Nck as an important mediator of oxidant stress-induced inflammation and a potential therapeutic target for ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Retrovirus-mediated enzymatic correction of Tay-Sachs defect in transduced and non-transduced cells (1998)

Tay-Sachs disease is a severe neurodegenerative disorder due to mutations in the HEXA gene coding for the alpha-chain of the alpha-beta heterodimeric lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A (HexA). Because no treatment is available for this disease, we have investigated the possibility of enzymatic correction of HexA-deficient cells by HEXA gene transfer. Human HEXA cDNA was subcloned into a retroviral plasmid generating to G.HEXA vector. The best Psi-CRIP producer clone of G.HEXA retroviral particles was isolated, and murine HexA-deficient fibroblasts derived from hexa -/- mice were transduced with the G.HEXA vector. Transduced cells overexpressed the alpha-chain, resulting in the synthesis of interspecific HexA (human alpha-chain/murine beta-chain) and in a total correction of HexA deficiency. The alpha-chain was secreted in the culture medium and taken up by HexA-deficient cells via mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding, allowing for the restoration of intracellular HexA activity in non-transduced cells.
Application specific integrated circuits for the transformation from three phase AC to DQZ coordinates (1988)

The design, fabrication, and testing of two special-purpose digital integrated circuits built for power system applications are described. The two-chip combination performs a transformation from ABC phase coordinates to the direct, quadrature, and zero-sequence coordinates and can thus be used in sequence relays, AC machine control systems, and other modern controls for static compensators and DC systems. The discussion covers the formulation of the algorithms to be implemented, tradeoff in chip space and computing time, the design philosophy of the chip itself, the testing of the chip, and a demonstration of the use of these ICs in a negative-sequence-voltage measuring circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integrated Passive Devices and TSV, a disruptive technology for miniaturization (2013)

The 3D Silicon technology of IPDiA is a disruptive technology for miniaturization adopted by the best players in the Medical and Industrial segments for its outstanding performance and reliability demonstrated in harsh environments. The high density capacitors with multiple metal-insulator-metal (MIM) layer stacks in 3D structures reaching 250nF/mm2 already in production for several years is at the forefront of the research program where CEA-Leti and IPDiA are jointly providing innovative platforms for customers who want to combine these capacitors with Through Silicon Vias in order to demonstrate new technological concepts. The via last approach selected by IPDIA allows large possibility of integration combining TSV with active or passive devices such as High-density trench capacitors, MIM capacitors, Resistors, High-Q inductors or Zener diodes. In this paper, the interaction between TSV and IPD will be studied. Emphasis will be placed on the robustness of the 3D trench capacitor technology. Examples of applications using chip-to-chip interconnections through a passive TSV interposer in a 3D IC integration system-in-package (SiP) will be illustrated.
Optical trapping of dielectric nanoparticles in resonant cavities (2009)

We theoretically investigate the opto-mechanical interactions between a dielectric nanoparticle and the resonantly enhanced optical field inside a high Q, small-mode-volume optical cavity. We develop an analytical method based on open system analysis to account for the resonant perturbation due to particle introduction and predict trapping potential in good agreement with three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulations. Strong size-dependent trapping dynamics distinctly different from free-space optical tweezers arise as a consequence of the finite cavity perturbation. We illustrate single nanoparticle trapping from an ensemble of monodispersed particles based on size-dependent trapping dynamics. We further discover that the failure of the conventional dipole approximation in the case of resonant cavity trapping originates from a new perturbation interaction mechanism between trapped particles and spatially localized photons.
TRACE: 5D Temporal Regression of Avatars with Dynamic Cameras in 3D Environments (2023)

Although the estimation of 3D human pose and shape (HPS) is rapidly progressing, current methods still cannot reliably estimate moving humans in global coordinates, which is critical for many applications. This is particularly challenging when the camera is also moving, entangling human and camera motion. To address these issues, we adopt a novel 5D representation (space, time, and identity) that enables end-to-end reasoning about people in scenes. Our method, called TRACE, introduces several novel architectural components. Most importantly, it uses two new "maps" to reason about the 3D trajectory of people over time in camera, and world, coordinates. An additional memory unit enables persistent tracking of people even during long occlusions. TRACE is the first one-stage method to jointly recover and track 3D humans in global coordinates from dynamic cameras. By training it end-to-end, and using full image information, TRACE achieves state-of-the-art performance on tracking and HPS benchmarks. The code and dataset are released for research purposes.