gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
miRNAs can be generally associated with human pathologies as exemplified for miR-144* (2014)

miRNA profiles are promising biomarker candidates for a manifold of human pathologies, opening new avenues for diagnosis and prognosis. Beyond studies that describe miRNAs frequently as markers for specific traits, we asked whether a general pattern for miRNAs across many diseases exists. We evaluated genome-wide circulating profiles of 1,049 patients suffering from 19 different cancer and non-cancer diseases as well as unaffected controls. The results were validated on 319 individuals using qRT-PCR. We discovered 34 miRNAs with strong disease association. Among those, we found substantially decreased levels of hsa-miR-144* and hsa-miR-20b with AUC of 0.751 (95% CI: 0.703–0.799), respectively. We also discovered a set of miRNAs, including hsa-miR-155*, as rather stable markers, offering reasonable control miRNAs for future studies. The strong downregulation of hsa-miR-144* and the less variable pattern of hsa-miR-155* has been validated in a cohort of 319 samples in three different centers. Here, breast cancer as an additional disease phenotype not included in the screening phase has been included as the 20th trait. Our study on 1,368 patients including 1,049 genome-wide miRNA profiles and 319 qRT-PCR validations further underscores the high potential of specific blood-borne miRNA patterns as molecular biomarkers. Importantly, we highlight 34 miRNAs that are generally dysregulated in human pathologies. Although these markers are not specific to certain diseases they may add to the diagnosis in combination with other markers, building a specific signature. Besides these dysregulated miRNAs, we propose a set of constant miRNAs that may be used as control markers.
Fully automatic detection of deep white matter T1 hypointense lesions in multiple sclerosis (2013)

A novel method is presented for fully automatic detection of candidate white matter (WM) T1 hypointense lesions in three-dimensional high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. By definition, T1 hypointense lesions have similar intensity as gray matter (GM) and thus appear darker than surrounding normal WM in T1-weighted images. The novel method uses a standard classification algorithm to partition T1-weighted images into GM, WM and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). As a consequence, T1 hypointense lesions are assigned an increased GM probability by the standard classification algorithm. The GM component image of a patient is then tested voxel-by-voxel against GM component images of a normative database of healthy individuals. Clusters (≥0.1 ml) of significantly increased GM density within a predefined mask of deep WM are defined as lesions. The performance of the algorithm was assessed on voxel level by a simulation study. A maximum dice similarity coefficient of 60% was found for a typical T1 lesion pattern with contrasts ranging from WM to cortical GM, indicating substantial agreement between ground truth and automatic detection. Retrospective application to 10 patients with multiple sclerosis demonstrated that 93 out of 96 T1 hypointense lesions were detected. On average 3.6 false positive T1 hypointense lesions per patient were found. The novel method is promising to support the detection of hypointense lesions in T1-weighted images which warrants further evaluation in larger patient samples.
Cooperative security in distributed sensor networks (2007)

Distributed sensor network protocols, such as routing, time synchronization or data aggregation protocols make use of collaborative techniques to minimize the consumption of scarce resources in sensors. However, compromised and misbehaving nodes are a serious threat, as an attacker can employ them to eavesdrop on communication, inject forged data, or manipulate protocol operation. In this context, distributed revocation protocols play a decisive role since they allow removing compromised nodes in an efficient way. The design of distributed revocation protocols is challenging due to technical restrictions of sensor nodes, the distributed operation of sensor networks, and the presence of compromised nodes that can collude to subvert protocol operation. We propose the Cooperative Security Protocol (CSP) to enhance network security and enable efficient distributed revocation. The CSP is based on the distribution of revocation information — so called partial revocation votes — to the neighbors of a node as prerequisite to join the network. If an intruder refuses to disclose its revocation votes, the network does not allow it to join. Thus, the node is prevented from attacking the network. If the intruder cooperates by disclosing its revocation information, it can endanger the network neither, since its neighbors, which cooperate to monitor its correct operation, can use the revocation information to ban it from the network.
High-Efficiency Doherty Power Amplifiers: Historical Aspect and Modern Trends (2012)

In modern wireless communication systems, it is very important to realize simultaneously high-efficiency and linear operation of power amplifiers. This paper-overview describes the historical aspect of the Doherty approach to the power-amplifier design introduced in 1936 and modern trends in Doherty amplifier (DA) design techniques using multistage and asymmetric multiway architectures. To increase efficiency over the power backoff range, the switchmode class-E, conventional class-F, or inverse class-F operation mode by controlling the second and third harmonics can be used in the load network. The DA with a series-connected load, and inverted, push–pull, balanced, and parallel Doherty architectures are also described and discussed. Finally, examples of the lumped DA implemented in monolithic microwave integrated circuits, digitally driven Doherty technique, and broadband capability of the two-stage DA are given.
Redistribution of NaV1.8 in Uninjured Axons Enables Neuropathic Pain (2003)

The underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain are poorly understood, and existing treatments are mostly ineffective. We recently demonstrated that antisense mediated "knock-down" of the sodium channel isoform, Na(V)1.8, reverses neuropathic pain behavior after L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), implicating a critical functional role of Na(V)1.8 in the neuropathic state. Here we have investigated mechanisms through which Na(V)1.8 contributes to the expression of experimental neuropathic pain. Na(V)1.8 does not appear to contribute to neuropathic pain through an action in injured afferents because the channel is functionally downregulated in the cell bodies of injured neurons and does not redistribute to injured terminals. Although there was little change in Na(V)1.8 protein or functional channels in the cell bodies of uninjured neurons in L4 ganglia, there was a striking increase in Na(V)1.8 immunoreactivity along the sciatic nerve. The distribution of Na(V)1.8 reflected predominantly the presence of functional channels in unmyelinated axons. The C-fiber component of the sciatic nerve compound action potential (CAP) was resistant (>40%) to 100 microm TTX after SNL, whereas both A- and C-fiber components of sciatic nerve CAP were blocked (>90%) by 100 microm TTX in sham-operated rats or the contralateral sciatic nerve of SNL rats. Attenuating expression of Na(V)1.8 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides prevented the redistribution of Na(V)1.8 in the sciatic nerve and reversed neuropathic pain. These observations suggest that aberrant activity in uninjured C-fibers is a necessary component of pain associated with partial nerve injury. They also suggest that blocking Na(V)1.8 would be an effective treatment of neuropathic pain.
Novel insights about the mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats (2012)

Visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) is one of the most important characteristics of functional gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Stress, whether physical or psychological, is known to be a crucial factor for inducing and maintaining visceral sensitivity in humans and rodents, but how stress induces VHS is not fully understood. In a recent study published in Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Wouters et al. demonstrate, for the first time, that maternal separation induces activation of periaqueductal gray (PAG), the hippocampus and the somatosensory cortex concomitantly with increased deactivation of the pre-frontal cortex. The findings provide insight on the role of maternal separation in inducing regional cerebral blood flow changes and cerebral plasticity. These novel insights on the role of central activation in the modulation of stress-induced VHS add to our growing understanding of the mechanisms that underlie VHS and suggest potential new drug development targets in stress-related diseases, including IBS.
Suppression of optical spectrum fluctuations by stabilizing fiber loop length in optical comb generator using an optical SSB modulator (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the optical power fluctuation of the output in optical comb generator using an optical single sideband (SSB) modulator with a fiber loop. This fluctuation is caused by undesired sidebands of the SSB modulator. We show that the fluctuation can be suppressed by stabilizing the fiber loop length. In experiment, the averaged peak-to-peak power fluctuation of 23 comb outputs was suppressed from 0.86 dB to 0.13 dB.
Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions using Medical Named Entities on Twitter. (2017)

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unintentional reactions caused by a drug or combination of drugs taken by a patient. The current ADR reporting systems inevitably have delays in reporting such events. The broad scope of social media conversations on sites such as Twitter means that inevitably health-related topics will be covered. This means that these sites could then be used to detect potentially novel ADRs with less latency for subsequent further investigation. In this work, we investigate ADR surveillance using a large corpus of Twitter data, containing around 50 billion tweets spanning 3 years (2012-2014), and evaluate against over 3000 drugs reported in the FAERS database. This is both a larger corpus and broader selection of drugs than previous work in the domain. We compare the ADRs identified using our method to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database of ADRs reported using more traditional techniques, and find that Twitter is a useful resource for ADR detection up to 72% micro-averaged precision. Micro-averaged recall of 6% is achievable using only 10% of Twitter, indicating that with a higher-volume or targeted feed it would be possible to detect a large percentage of ADRs.
Noise and Intersymbol-Interference Properties of OTDM and ETDM Receivers (2004)

We experimentally and theoretically confirm the similar performance of optical time-division demultiplexing (OTDM) and electrical time-division demultiplexing (ETDM) receivers for beat-noise limited return-to-zero signal detection. OTDM receivers show a slight sensitivity advantage, largely independent of parameters like the receiver's optical filter bandwidth or center frequency. The OTDM sensitivity benefit is caused by reduced intersymbol-interference properties of the OTDM receiver, as well as by the suppression of beat noise by the temporal demultiplexing window. The latter effect can be captured by extended expressions for the beat-noise variances presented in this letter.
Characterization of human presenilin 1 using N‐terminal specific monoclonal antibodies: Evidence that Alzheimer mutations affect proteolytic processing (1996)

The majority of cases of early-onset familial Alzheimer disease are caused by mutations in the recently identified presenilin 1 (PS1) gene, located on chromosome 14. PS1, a 467 amino acid protein, is predicted to be an integral membrane protein containing seven putative transmembrane domains and a large hydrophilic loop between the sixth and seventh membrane-spanning domain. We produced 7 monoclonal antibodies that react with 3 non-overlapping epitopes on the N-terminal hydrophilic tail of PS1. The monoclonal antibodies can detect the full-size PS1 at Mr 47000 and a more abundant Mr 28000 product in membrane extracts from human brain and human cell lines. PC12 cells transiently transfected with PS1 constructs containing two different Alzheimer mutations fail to generate the 28 kDa degradation product in contrast to PC12 cells transfected with wild-type PS1. Our results indicate that missense mutations in this form of familial Alzheimer disease may act via a mechanism of impaired proteolytic processing of PS1.
The Dynamic Control of Upright Posture in Normal Man on the Sinusoidally Inclined Board (1980)

The dynamic balance mechanisms in four normal subjects were studied by unstable board which inclined in a sinusoidal form of 0.3-4Hz. Subjects on the static sensograph (Sanei 1GO1) placed on the board were inclined antero-posteriorly or right-left. Then we got magnetic recordings of fluctuation of the center of gravity. The antero-posterior or right-left fluctuations were filtrated in the frequency of the board movements by the active filter. Lissajous's figure of right-left (abscissa) and antero-posterior fluctuation (ordinate) during right-left inclining showed the diagonal pattern from right upper to left under, but during anteroposteriorly inclining showed only the antero-posterior component. These suggested that the dynamic control of not only right-left but also antero-posterior fluctuation played the important role to balance upright standing during right-left inclining. But, as human being standing bipedally would have lateral stability, the antero-posterior control would be revealed dominantly during antero-posteriorly inclining. Furthermore, Lissajous's figure of movements of inclined board and right-left, or antero-posterior fluctuation suggested that the dynamic control of the standing posture below 1Hz was different from above 1Hz.
Laboratory-Scale Burning of Composite Solid Propellant for Studying Novel Nanoparticle Synthesis Methods (2013)

Recent advancements in chemical synthesis techniques have allowed for the production of improved solid rocket propellant nano-scale additives. These additives show larger burning rate increases in composite propellants compared to previous additive generations. In addition to improving additive effectiveness, novel synthesis methods can improve manufacturability, reduce safety risks, and maximize energy efficiency of nano-scale burning rate enhancers. Several different nano-sized additives, each titania-based, were tested and compared for the same baseline AP/HTPB formulas and AP size distributions. The various methods demonstrate the evolution in our methods from spray-dried powders to pre-mixing the additive in the HTPB binder, and finally to a method of producing the additive directly in the binder as a nano-assembly. Burning rate increases as high as 69% at additive mass loadings of less than 0.5% were seen in non-aluminized, ammonium perchlorate-based propellants over the pressure spectrum of 500 psi (3.5 MPa) to 2250 psi (15.5 MPa). Increases in burning rate up to 73% were seen in similarly formulated aluminized propellants. During the past several years, the authors have refined laboratory-scale techniques for quickly and reliably assessing the mixing and performance of composite propellants with catalytic nanoparticle additives. This paper also documents some of the details related to repeatability, accuracy, and realism of the methods used in the authors' recent nano-additive research; it also introduces the latest techniques for producing propellants with nano-sized additives and provides new burning rate results for the entire scope of additives and mixing methods. © 2013 by The Authors.
Systematic Study of the Effects of Modulation P-Doping on 1.3&#x003BC;M InAs/GaAs Dot-in-Well Lasers (2007)

We report a systematic study of modulation p-doping effects on QD lasers performance, we discuss the role of p-doping in: threshold current, gain and loss; gain profile; temperature sensitivity and modulation bandwidth.
An overview of 3GPP device-to-device proximity services (2014)

Device-to-device communication is likely to be added to LTE in 3GPP Release 12. In principle, exploiting direct communication between nearby mobile devices will improve spectrum utilization, overall throughput, and energy consumption, while enabling new peer-to-peer and location-based applications and services. D2D-enabled LTE devices can also become competitive for fallback public safety networks, which must function when cellular networks are not available or fail. Introducing D2D poses many challenges and risks to the long-standing cellular architecture, which is centered around the base station. We provide an overview of D2D standardization activities in 3GPP, identify outstanding technical challenges, draw lessons from initial evaluation studies, and summarize "best practices" in the design of a D2D-enabled air interface for LTE-based cellular networks.
WO3 and W Thermal Atomic Layer Etching Using “Conversion-Fluorination” and “Oxidation-Conversion-Fluorination” Mechanisms (2017)

The thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of WO<sub>3</sub> and W was demonstrated with new "conversion-fluorination" and "oxidation-conversion-fluorination" etching mechanisms. Both of these mechanisms are based on sequential, self-limiting reactions. WO<sub>3</sub> ALE was achieved by a "conversion-fluorination" mechanism using an AB exposure sequence with boron trichloride (BCl<sub>3</sub>) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). BCl<sub>3</sub> converts the WO<sub>3</sub> surface to a B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer while forming volatile WO<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>y</sub> products. Subsequently, HF spontaneously etches the B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer producing volatile BF<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O products. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) studies determined that the BCl<sub>3</sub> and HF reactions were self-limiting versus exposure. The WO<sub>3</sub> ALE etch rates increased with temperature from 0.55 Å/cycle at 128 °C to 4.19 Å/cycle at 207 °C. W served as an etch stop because BCl<sub>3</sub> and HF could not etch the underlying W film. W ALE was performed using a three-step "oxidation-conversion-fluorination" mechanism. In this ABC exposure sequence, the W surface is first oxidized to a WO<sub>3</sub> layer using O<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>3</sub>. Subsequently, the WO<sub>3</sub> layer is etched with BCl<sub>3</sub> and HF. SE could simultaneously monitor the W and WO<sub>3</sub> thicknesses and conversion of W to WO<sub>3</sub>. SE measurements showed that the W film thickness decreased linearly with number of ABC reaction cycles. W ALE was shown to be self-limiting with respect to each reaction in the ABC process. The etch rate for W ALE was ∼2.5 Å/cycle at 207 °C. An oxide thickness of ∼20 Å remained after W ALE, but could be removed by sequential BCl<sub>3</sub> and HF exposures without affecting the W layer. These new etching mechanisms will enable the thermal ALE of a variety of additional metal materials including those that have volatile metal fluorides.
Ground Fault Location Using the Low-Voltage-Side Recorded Data in Distribution Systems (2015)

Ground fault location and isolation are challenging in compensated distribution systems due to the fact that the fault current is too small to be measured. Considering that massive intelligent electronic devices and “smart meter” are installed in the distribution networks with the development of the “smart grid,” this paper proposes a fault location method using the low-voltage-side smart metering unit recorded data. The developed method uses the faulted negative-sequence voltage and locates the faulted sections by applying the relationship between fault distance and the clustered measurement groups. The method is tested using multibranched distribution systems, and results show that it is suitable for systems with both passive loads and distributed generations and not influenced by the system harmonic distortions, measurement noises, and loss of communication from one or even more of the metering units. The proposed method uses the wide-area measured data but does not require any synchronization. Accompanied with the low-cost contactors, the method can locate and isolate the fault sections without interrupting the healthy system operations, and this makes it feasible for industry application.
Optical effects of anti-glare films on a dual-view display (2016)

The effects of different anti-glare films on an 8-inch dual-view display were investigated. To quantify the display performance, the image sharpness, speckle, and crosstalk were evaluated. The image sharpness and sparkle were first measured, and the obtained values were compared with the results of a jury appraisal for devising acceptance levels. For image sparkle, it was found that the standard deviation for the individual pixel luminance must be less than 40 to be acceptable to the user. Finally, it was found that the crosstalk of the display needs to be less than 0.5 to be unnoticeable and less than 1.0 to be acceptable.
Force Characterization of Intracranial Endovascular Embolization (2014)

Increased force on the aneurysm is associated with framing coil use, microcatheter placement proximal to aneurysm dome, and slow insertion rate. Further characterization remains necessary to reduce IOR risk, especially concerning the contributions of insertion rate.
Comparison between centralized and decentralized storage energy management for Direct Wave Energy Converter Farm (2015)

This article compares the sizes of an Energy Storage System (ESS) with two control types in order to smooth a Direct Wave Energy Converter (DWEC) Farm Production, namely a centralized one that deals with the PCC power and a decentralized one that deals with each unit power production. The main objective is to compare the two controls on the basis of their life cycle cost. The SEAREV project is the Direct Wave Energy Converter used as an example in this paper. The ESS is necessary for grid integration in the case considered here due to the flicker constraint, which is not being satisfied without storage. The optimization strategies for both the sizing and the management of an Energy Storage System (ESS) will be described: the rule-based energy management approach depends on the State of Energy of this ESS as well as the power produced by the DWEC unit or the DWEC farm. This management strategy has been optimized for each size in order to reduce aging speed while strictly respecting the flicker criterion. The final design is expected to minimize total system cost. The centralized control clearly allowed smaller capacity, but has some drawbacks for the losses in the rest of the farm.
Effects of Environmental Factors on Perinatal Outcome: Neurological Development in Cases of Intrauterine Growth Retardation and School Performance of Children Perinatally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation (1993)

Tsuyomu Ikenoue, Tomoaki Ikeda, Satoshi Ibara, Masanori Otake, William J. Schull, Effects of Environmental Factors on Perinatal Outcome: Neurological Development in Cases of Intrauterine Growth Retardation and School Performance of Children Perinatally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 101, Supplement 2: Impact of the Environment on Reproductive Health (Jul., 1993), pp. 53-57
Dendrimer Space Exploration: An Assessment of Dendrimers/Dendritic Scaffolding as Inhibitors of Protein–Protein Interactions, a Potential New Area of Pharmaceutical Development (2013)

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