gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gyrator Circuit Model (2017)

In this chapter, it is explained that not only the magnetically coupled inductors but also all inductive power transfer systems (IPTSs) inherently have the nature of a gyrator. Widely known characteristics of IPTSs such as impedance inversion and source-type conversion are proved to be the nature of the gyrator. A graphical approach that utilizes the gyrator is explained for the modeling of IPTSs in general. The proposed graphical technique enables manipulations on the circuit diagram instead of on the circuit equations, which are difficult to handle when the system order is higher than 4. Hence, the equivalent model can be obtained almost by inspection conveniently, giving fruitful physical insights that are limitedly achieved with equation manipulations. Steady-state analyses at any frequency are possible and equivalent series resistances can also be included in the proposed model. Five selected electrical characteristics, that is, source-to-load gain, load-independent output voltage/current characteristics, power factor at the source, sign of the source phase angle, and allowances of open/short loads are evaluated for three widely used IPTS topologies. Also, this technique is extended to the mistuned case for verifying the general use of the approach. An experiment for the voltage-source-type inductor–capacitor–inductor secondary-parallel (V-LCL-P) topology is demonstrated for the cases of both perfectly tuned and mistuned situations at 85 W and 100 kHz. This chapter is based on the paper by Y.H. Son, B.H. Choi, G.-H. Cho, and Chun T. Rim, “Gyrator-based analysis of resonant circuits in inductive power transfer systems,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 6824–6843, October 2016.
&kappa;-Opiate Agonist-Induced Inhibition of Gastrointestinal Transit in Different Strains of Mice (1991)

The effects of kappa-opiate agonists on gastrointestinal motility was assessed in Swiss Webster, C57BL/6, BALB/c and DBA/2 strains of mice. The kappa-agonists, PD 117302, U-69593 and U-50488H (3 mg kg-1), were injected subcutaneously and the distance travelled by a charcoal meal in the gastrointestinal tract was measured. All kappa-agonists induced significant inhibition of charcoal meal transit; however, there were significant strain differences in the antitransit effect. It is concluded that kappa-receptors are involved in the inhibition of gastrointestinal transit and that the negative data reported in the literature may be due to a genotype-dependent effect of kappa-agonists.
Photonic structures for QIP in diamond (2008)

We observe the coupling of nitrogen-vacancy centers in single-crystal diamond to GaP waveguides on the diamond surface. We describe the fabrication procedure and characterize the waveguide performance. Our results indicate that the GaP/diamond hybrid system is a promising system for coupling nitrogen-vacancies to optical microstructures for quantum information processing and sensing applications.
Grain boundary characteristics of oxypnictide NdFeAs(O,F) superconductors (2019)

Abstract We have systematically investigated the grain boundary angle ( θ GB ) dependence of transport properties for NdFeAs(O,F) fabricated on [001]-tilt symmetric MgO bicrystal substrates. In our previous study, NdFeAs(O,F) bicrystal films showed a weak-link behaviour even at a θ GB of 6°. However, this was caused by an extrinsic effect originating from the damage to both NdFeAs(O,F) and MgO substrate by excess F-diffusion along the grain boundary. To investigate the intrinsic nature of grain boundaries, we minimized the damage to NdFeAs(O,F) and MgO by reducing the deposition temperature of the NdOF over-layer needed for F-doping. The resultant NdFeAs(O,F) bicrystal films have a critical angle of 8.5°, above which J c starts to decrease exponentially. This critical angle is almost the same as those of other Fe-based superconductors.
Minimum Deviation Controller for 3 Level Flying Capacitor Boost Converters (2023)

This paper introduces a dual-mode controller for multi-level flying capacitor boost converters that provides mini-mum possible voltage deviation, seamless mode transitions, and the flying capacitor size reduction. These advantages are obtained by modifying the switching sequence during transients. The modification eliminates a potential delay in the output capacitor charge recovery and, at the same time, decouples the flying capacitor, eliminating large current spikes through it. The operation of the controller is verified with a <tex>$V_{IN}\in[1.5V, 5V]$</tex> - to <tex>$V_{OUT}=10V$</tex>, 250kHz, 30W experimental prototype.
Liposomal Polyethyleneglycol and Polyethyleneglycol-Peptide Combinations for Active Targeting to LiverIn Vivo (2008)

This report describes the development and evaluation of a range of polyethyleneglycol and polyethyleneglycol-peptide liposome formulations that effectively target liver in vivo. A 19-amino-acid sequence from the N-terminal region of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium berghei was attached to the distal end of di22:1-aminopropane-polyethyleneglycol(3400), and incorporated into liposomes containing di22:1-phosphatidylcholine and di22:1-phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethyleneglycol(5000). By systematically varying the mole fractions of both the lipid-polyethyleneglycol and the lipid-polyethyleneglycol-peptide conjugates, and screening for serum-induced aggregation in vitro, a serum-stable range of formulations was established. These stable formulations were tested for binding to Hepa 1-6 liver cells in culture, and from these results three formulations were prepared for intravenous administration in mice. All three formulations exhibited effective liposome targeting to the liver, with approximately 80% of the total injected dose recovered in the liver within 15 min. Uptake by liver cells was more than 600-fold higher than uptake by those in the heart, and more than 200-fold higher than uptake by lung or kidney cells. Effective targeting to liver in vivo was successful after repeated (up to three) administrations to the host at 14-day intervals. All formulations prepared for in vivo administration were stable in the presence of serum, as measured by complete retention of entrapped calcein dye. The formulation with the lowest mole fractions of peptide and polyethyleneglycol was the most cost-effective in terms of encapsulation efficiency and minimal use of peptide and polymer compounds. The in vitro biophysical screening, followed by cell culture testing, reduced the number of animals required to develop an effective set of targeted liposome formulations for in vivo application.
Ultrawide-Band Resonators Using Shear Horizontal-Type Plate Wave and Their Application (2013)

Currently, mobile or smart phones with multibands and a cognitive radio system require a tunable filter with a wide tunable range to simplify their circuits. An ultrawide-band resonator is an important device to realize the tunable filter. The relative bandwidths (BWs) of 12 to 17% of previously reported surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are not sufficient to realize the tunable filter. This time, the authors studied an SH 0 mode plate wave in a LiNbO 3 plate. As a result, plate wave resonators with a large electro-mechanical coupling factor ( k 2 ) of 0.55 (55%), an ultrawide bandwidth of 29%, a high Q of 700, and a large impedance ratio of 98 dB between resonance ( f r ) and anti-resonance ( f a ) frequencies were realized for the first time using 27.5–30°YX-LiNbO 3 plates. Applying these resonators to a ladder-type tunable filter, a wide tunable range of 19% was obtained.
Routers auto-configuration using Route Information Option from ICMPv6 Router Advertisements (2013)

This draft defines a way for multiple routers that are communicating
on a single link to exchange routing information using Router
Advertisements. This allows moving networks to communicate with each
other through auto-configured routers. This document specifies a new
flag for the Router Information option from ICMPv6 Router
Advertisement messages and specifies how routers must process such
options.
A systematic examination of the bone destruction pattern of the two-shot technique (2014)

With the two-shot technique, a full metal jacket bullet causes a destruction pattern that is comparable to that of a single shot fired with a semi-jacketed bullet.
Molecular genetics of tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (2007)

Mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene result in phenylketonuria (PKU). Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4))-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia has been recently described as a variant of PAH deficiency caused by specific mutations in the PAH gene. It has been suggested that BH(4)-responsiveness may be predicted from the corresponding genotypes. Data from BH(4) loading tests indicated an incidence of BH(4)-responsiveness of >40% in the general PKU population and >80% in mild PKU patients. The current project entailed genotype analysis of 315 BH(4)-responsive patients tabulated in the BIOPKUdb database and comparison with the data from the PAHdb locus-specific knowledgebase, as well as with previously published PAH mutations for several European countries, Northern China, and South Korea. We identified 57 mutations, presenting with a substantial residual PAH activity (average approximately 47%), presumed to be associated with BH(4)-responsiveness. More than 89% of patients are found to be compound heterozygotes. The three most common mutations found in >5% of BH(4)-responsive patients are p.A403 V, p.R261Q, and p.Y414C. Using the Hardy-Weinberg formula the predicted average frequency of BH(4)-responsiveness in European populations was calculated to be 55% (range 17-79%, lowest in Baltic countries and Poland and highest in Spain), 57% in Northern China, and 55% for South Korea. The genotype-predicted prevalence of BH(4)-responsiveness was higher than prevalence data obtained from BH(4) loading tests. Inconsistent results were observed for mutations p.L48S, p.I65 T, p.R158Q, p.R261Q, and p.Y414C. Our data suggest that BH(4)-responsiveness may be more common than assumed and to some extent may be predicted or excluded from the patient's genotype.
Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of neuropeptide Y, serotonin, and catecholamines in patients under propofol or isoflurane anesthesia (2000)

Propofol is a widely used anesthetic for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia during surgery. A strong feeling of hunger has been reported during the early recovery period after propofol anesthesia. We have investigated the effect of propofol on appetite in 10 patients undergoing a craniotomy and in parallel measured neuropeptide Y (NPY), catecholamines, and serotonin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during anesthesia. Ten patients anesthetized with a volatile agent (isoflurane) served as a control group. Plasma NPY and catecholamines levels were not affected by surgery at any time. We observed a strong increase in NPY concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid independently of the anesthetic technique agent used, whereas catecholamines were unchanged. We found that serotonin concentrations decreased significantly in the plasma (but not in the cerebrospinal fluid) of patients treated by propofol when compared with the control group; this decrease was associated with an increase of hunger early postoperatively. We concluded that the proappetite effect of propofol is mediated through a decrease of serotonin at the peripheral level.Key words: catecholamines, serotonin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), cerebrospinal fluid, serum, appetite.
Diode Pumped Fiber Laser. (1984)

This report describes work conducted in the area of single crystal fiber optical devices. Miniature Nd:YAG 1.32 micron lasers were fabricated using both free space (unguided) and single crystal fiber configurations. Bulk lasers with thresholds as low as 19 mw and near optimum slope efficiencies of 36% were demonstrated. Several guided fiber lasers were also successfully brought to oscillation. The best device has a threshold of 12 mw, a slope efficiency of 22%, and a maximum recorded output power at 1.32 micrometers of 22 mw. Fiber scattering properties inferred from these measurements indicate that the crystal fiber used in this work exhibit a much higher quality than the fibers used in earlier phases of this work as a result of improved growth conditions. A theoretical investigation of 1.32 micrometers optically-pumped lasers was also developed for interpretation of experimental data. A feasibility study of Q-switched fiber lasers operating near lambda = 1.06 micrometers was also conducted. Theoretical expressions for the laser output peak power, pulse width and energy were cast in a simple form by implementing the formalism of normalized mode overlap coefficient introduced earlier in this work. Peak powers on the order of 100-500 watts and pulse widths of a few nanoseconds are anticipated for fiber lasers were also reviewed and compared to provide a recommended guideline for future laser work.
Comparing soluble Trametes pubescens laccase and cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) for enzymatic modification of cellulose 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008 (2009)

Abstract Three types of preparations – enzyme immobilized on Eupergit C, cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs) and lyophilized enzyme – have been obtained from Trametes pubescens laccase. Their activity in organic solvents has been comparatively evaluated, whereby the CLECs showed a significantly higher activity compared to the immobilized and the lyophilized variant. The soluble, lyophilized laccase and the CLECs were compared for their activity in the oxidation of cellulose in the laccase/TEMPO system. The “double heterogeneous” CLEC system – both the CLECs and the cellulose substrates are solids and only the mediator is homogeneously dissolved – showed similar reactivity to the conventional enzyme system. Laccase CLECs, being a solid, robust and highly active immobilized enzyme form can be conveniently used to modify (protected) low-molecular weight carbohydrates or cellulosics also in (aqueous-)organic media, and they offer many practical advantages: operational stability and ease of recycling coupled with high volumetric productivity.
Perspective of New Infrastructure of Fiber Communication: The Role of Coherent Light in SDM Era (2015)

Recent progresses in optical comb and communications technologies are realizing new synergies such as switching or frequency-standard distribution for coherent transmission. Both applications are quite useful for next generation infrastructure which will sustain enormous traffic.
A Security Architecture for 5G Networks (2018)

5G networks will provide opportunities for the creation of new services, for new business models, and for new players to enter the mobile market. The networks will support efficient and cost-effective launch of a multitude of services, tailored for different vertical markets having varying service and security requirements, and involving a large number of actors. Key technology concepts are network slicing and network softwarization, including network function virtualization and software-defined networking. The presented security architecture builds upon concepts from the 3G and 4G security architectures but extends and enhances them to cover the new 5G environment. It comprises a toolbox for security relevant modeling of the systems, a set of security design principles, and a set of security functions and mechanisms to implement the security controls needed to achieve stated security objectives. In a smart city use case setting, we illustrate its utility; we examine the high-level security aspects stemming from the deployment of a large number of IoT devices and network softwarization.
Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block (1998)

We sought a consistent, palpable landmark for facilitation of the infraclavicular brachial plexus block. We used magnetic resonance images of the brachial plexus to determine the depth and needle orientation needed to contact the brachial plexus. Hopefully, this study will facilitate the use of this block.
MR imaging of physeal bars. (1996)

MR imaging is an excellent modality for imaging physeal bars. Imaging data can be processed to yield both 3D rendered and projection physeal maps that are particularly useful in preoperative planning.
Untangling the Fundamental Electronic Origins of Non-Local Electron-Phonon Coupling in Organic Semiconductors (2023)

Organic semiconductors with distinct molecular properties and large carrier mobilities are constantly developed in attempt to produce highly-efficient electronic materials. Recently, designer molecules with unique structural modifications have been expressly developed to suppress molecular motions in the solid state that arise from low-energy phonon modes, which uniquely limit carrier mobilities through electron-phonon coupling. However, such low-frequency vibrational dynamics often involve complex molecular dynamics, making comprehension of the underlying electronic origins of electron-phonon coupling difficult. In this work, we first generate a mode-resolved picture of electron-phonon coupling in a series of materials that were specifically designed to suppress detrimental vibrational effects. From this foundation, we develop a method based on the crystalline orbital Hamiltonian population analyses to resolve the origins -- down to the single atomic-orbital scale -- of surprisingly large electron-phonon coupling constants of particular vibrations, explicitly detailing the manner in which the intermolecular wavefunction overlap is perturbed. Overall, this approach provides a comprehensive explanation into the unexpected effects of less-commonly studied molecular vibrations, revealing new aspects of molecular design that should be considered for creating improved organic semiconducting materials.
Far infrared mapping of the galaxies M51 and M101 with ISOPHOT. (1996)

We present far infrared (FIR) images of the two nearby galaxies M 51 and M 101 at 60, 100, and at 175mum. These images resolve the spiral arms of the galaxies and a number of giant H ii regions embedded therein.
Characterization of Chromatic Banding Artifact for Secondary Colors in a Polychrome Electrophotographic Process (2004)

Several passive and active banding compensation strategies have been proposed in recent literatures for monochrome EP processes. In these studies, quasi-periodic contrast variations can be effectively reduced. For polychrome EP process, in which multiple color layers are superimposed on top of one another, Klassen and Goodman have shown the dependence of contrast sensitivity on variation in chromatic channels such as a* and b*. Chromatic bandings are quasi-periodic gratings with variation in chromatic channels. Chromatic banding may still be perceivable when the achromatic banding on individual color layers has been reduced to under the threshold. The perceptibility of chromatic banding is dependent on the primary colors of the platform. Before a softcopy psychophysics experiment was conducted, a set of tone curves and a model of the mixing of two primary colors, excluding the black, were constructed according to a 4-color EP printer. The psychophysics study confirmed that even if the sinusoidal gratings (in L*) on each individual primary color layer is under the human visual system (HVS) threshold, superimposing one on top of another can increase the perceptibility of the composite gratings. These results will be much valuable to ongoing efforts to reduce chromatic banding.
Kollicoat® IR: Minimizing the Risks for Oxidative Degradation of Drugs (2016)

Kollicoat IR, Kollidon 30, Kollidon 30 LP, Kollidon CL, Kollidon VA64, ascorbic acid, were obtained from BASF, Germany, Plasdone K29/32 from Ashland, USA, raloxifene hydrochloride was obtained from Aarti Drugs Ltd, Mumbai, India, Aerosil 200 from Evonik, Germany, HPMC 3 mPas (Pharmacoat 603) and HPMC 6 mPas (Pharmacoat 606 were purchased from Shin-Etsu, Japan, corn starch was from Cerestar, Belgium, lactose monohydrate (Sachelac 80) from Meggle, Germany, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 101) used was from FMC, USA, magnesium stearate was obtained from (Brlocher, Germany) Fluid bed granulation was carried out on GlattGPC G3 (Germany).The ascorbic tablets were compressed on a Korsch PH 106 (Germany) rotary press equipped with Compression Research System., whereas, the raloxifene tablets were compressed into tablets on a 8 stations rotary press, India. Unless noted otherwise, the statistical analysis was not performed as all the data points were a single measurement on each individual samples.
Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Xanomeline (2017)

Xanomeline (1) is an orthosteric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist, often referred to as M<sub>1</sub>/M<sub>4</sub>-preferring, that received widespread attention for its clinical efficacy in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Despite the compound's promising initial clinical results, dose-limiting side effects limited further clinical development. While xanomeline, and related orthosteric muscarinic agonists, have yet to receive approval from the FDA for the treatment of these CNS disorders, interest in the compound's unique M<sub>1</sub>/M<sub>4</sub>-preferring mechanism of action is ongoing in the field of chemical neuroscience. Specifically, the promising cognitive and behavioral effects of xanomeline in both schizophrenia and AD have spurred a renewed interest in the development of safer muscarinic ligands with improved subtype selectivity for either M<sub>1</sub> or M<sub>4</sub>. This Review will address xanomeline's overall importance in the field of neuroscience, with a specific focus on its chemical structure and synthesis, pharmacology, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), and adverse effects.
Preservation of Entomophthora protoplasts in liquid nitrogen (1972)

Protoplasts of Entomophthora spp. were satisfactorily preserved in liquid nitrogen after controlled-rate cooling to −40 °C. 5% Dimethyl sulfoxide was the preferred cryoprotectant.
Search for Past Life on Mars: Possible Relic Biogenic Activity in Martian Meteorite ALH84001 (1996)

Fresh fracture surfaces of the martian meteorite ALH84001 contain abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These fresh fracture surfaces also display carbonate globules. Contamination studies suggest that the PAHs are indigenous to the meteorite. High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of surface textures and internal structures of selected carbonate globules show that the globules contain fine-grained, secondary phases of single-domain magnetite and Fe-sulfides. The carbonate globules are similar in texture and size to some terrestrial bacterially induced carbonate precipitates. Although inorganic formation is possible, formation of the globules by biogenic processes could explain many of the observed features, including the PAHs. The PAHs, the carbonate globules, and their associated secondary mineral phases and textures could thus be fossil remains of a past martian biota.
193-nm generation by eighth harmonics of Er 3+ -doped fiber amplifier (2000)

Narrow-band, ultraviolet laser sources arc- essential for high-resolution measurement and testing.