gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure S1 from A Novel Sulforaphane-Regulated Gene Network in Suppression of Breast Cancer–Induced Osteolytic Bone Resorption (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary of gene expression changes following sulforaphane (SFN) treatment in breast cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Feature-scale model of Si etching in SF6∕O2 plasma and comparison with experiments (2005)

We have developed a semiempirical feature scale model of Si etching in SF6∕O2 plasma. The kinetic parameters in the model are determined by matching simulated profiles with experimentally observed feature profiles obtained at various pressures, rf-bias voltages, and O2 mole fraction in the feed gas. The model parameters are further constrained by using information about the relative radical concentrations, ion flux, and ion energy obtained from plasma diagnostics. Excellent agreement between experiments and simulations is obtained. The combined experimental and simulation study reveals that chemical etching in the lateral direction is significantly reduced through competitive adsorption of O on the feature sidewalls and subsequent formation of a fluorinated oxide layer that passivates the sidewalls. The flux of F and SFx radicals is focused toward the feature bottom due to increased neutral reflection off the passivated sidewalls. The net result is enhanced etching in the vertical direction and improved feature anisotropy with decreasing F-to-O ratio (increasing O2 fraction). However, too much O2 addition eventually leads to the slowing down of the vertical etch rate as O adsorption on active surface sites dominates even at the feature bottom.
Liquid Crystal Assisted Replica Molding Method to Align Uniaxial Molecules in Patterned Polymer at Ambient Temperature (2008)

In this paper, we demonstrate an easy approach – liquid crystal assisted replica molding method – to align uniaxial molecules in a patterned polymer at ambient temperature. During the replica molding process, the orientation of liquid crystals was parallel to the groove of the grating and the uniaxial molecules were aligned by liquid crystals. In order to confirm our observations, we had measured photoluminescence (PL) and polarized absorption spectra to quantify the degree of alignment. This approach to align uniaxial molecules in a polymer at ambient temperature opens up a simple way to manufacture optoelectronic and electronic devices.
On the impact of delay constraint on the multicast outage in wireless fading environment (2015)

In this paper we investigate single-hop multicast transmission in which randomly located multiple transmitters multicast packets to a cluster of receivers. Packet retransmission is known as a promising mechanism for improving the transmission reliability. Our focus is on evaluating (i) the minimum required delay (retransmission attempts), τ*, for establishing an outage-free multicast, where a transmitted packet is successfully decoded by entire nodes in the cluster, and (ii) Multicast Progress Radius (MPR) for a given delay constraint. MPR indicates how far, on average, a packet can successfully progress in a cluster without outage while the retransmission delay is restricted. Assuming general fading distribution, we derive closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function of τ*, and MPR. By simulations we confirmed our analysis and studied the impact of several system parameters on the MPR. Based on results of this paper we conclude that outage-free multicast requires a very large number of retransmission attempts, thus not practically achievable only based on retransmission.
Molecularly Characterised Xenograft Tumour Mouse Models: Valuable Tools for Evaluation of New Therapeutic Strategies for Secondary Liver Cancers (2009)

To develop and evaluate new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human cancers, well-characterised preclinical model systems are a prerequisite. To this aim, we have established xenotransplantation mouse models and corresponding cell cultures from surgically obtained secondary human liver tumours. Established xenograft tumours were patho- and immunohistologically characterised, and expression levels of cancer-relevant genes were quantified in paired original and xenograft tumours and the derivative cell cultures applying RT-PCR-based array technology. Most of the characteristic morphological and immunohistochemical features of the original tumours were shown to be maintained. No differences were found concerning expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and oncogenesis. Interestingly, cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase encoding genes appeared to be expressed differentially. Thus, the established models are closely reflecting pathohistological and molecular characteristics of the selected human tumours and may therefore provide useful tools for preclinical analyses of new antitumour strategies in vivo.
Wireless Charging System Localization for Electric Vehicles Using RSSI (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pedestrians A method of locating a charging target device (vehicle) in a parking lot scenario by the evaluation of Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) signal and Global Positioning System (GPS) data is proposed in this paper. A metric call Location Image (LI) is defined based on the RSSI received from each charger and the physical location of the parking associated to that charger. The central parking lot processor logs the GPS coordinates and LI received from the vehicle. Each pairing attempt by a vehicle loads a new LI into the central processor's database. Utilizing the LI and the proposed methods the vehicle will achieve expedited charger to system pairing while in the company of multiple chargers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mechanism of Magnetic Relaxation Switching Sensing (2012)

Magnetic relaxation switching (MRSw) assays that employ target-induced aggregation (or disaggregation) of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be used to detect a wide range of biomolecules. The precise working mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood, often leading to confounding interpretation. We herein present a systematic and comprehensive characterization of MRSw sensing. By using different types of MNPs with varying physical properties, we analyzed the nature and transverse relaxation modes for MRSw detection. The study found that clustered MNPs are universally in a diffusion-limited fractal state (dimension of ~2.4). Importantly, a new model for transverse relaxation was constructed that accurately recapitulates observed MRSw phenomena and predicts the MRSw detection sensitivities and dynamic ranges.
PKA functions in metabolism and resistance to obesity: lessons from mouse and human studies (2020)

Both direct and indirect evidence demonstrate a central role for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway in the regulation of energy balance and metabolism across multiple systems. However, the ubiquitous pattern of PKA expression across cell types poses a challenge in pinpointing its tissue-specific regulatory functions and further characterizing its many downstream effects in certain organs or cells. Mouse models of PKA deficiency and over-expression and studies in living cells have helped clarify PKA function in adipose tissue (AT), liver, adrenal, pancreas, and specific brain nuclei, as they pertain to energy balance and metabolic dysregulation. Limited studies in humans suggest differential regulation of PKA in AT of obese compared to lean individuals and an overall dysregulation of PKA signaling in obesity. Despite its complexity, under normal physiologic conditions, the PKA system is tightly regulated by changes in cAMP concentrations upstream via adenylate cyclase and downstream by phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP and by changes in PKA holoenzyme stability. Adjustments in the PKA system appear to be important to the development and maintenance of the obese state and its associated metabolic perturbations. In this review we discuss the important role of PKA in obesity and its involvement in resistance to obesity, through studies in humans and in mouse models, with a focus on the regulation of PKA in energy expenditure, intake behavior, and lipid and glucose metabolism.
Low‐dose total body irradiation augments the therapeutic effect of interleukin‐2 in a mouse model for metastatic malignant melanoma (2003)

We conclude that combining LTBI and IL-2 treatment is synergistic and therapeutically more effective than IL-2 alone. The data points to NK cells and macrophages as likely major effectors of the synergistic outcome of the combined treatment. This observation may have important clinical implications in the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.
Virtualized Traffic: Reconstructing Traffic Flows from Discrete Spatio-Temporal Data (2009)

We present a novel concept, Virtualized Traffic, to reconstruct and visualize continuous traffic flows from discrete spatio-temporal data provided by traffic sensors or generated artificially to enhance a sense of immersion in a dynamic virtual world. Given the positions of each car at two recorded locations on a highway and the corresponding time instances, our approach can reconstruct the traffic flows (i.e. the dynamic motions of multiple cars over time) in between the two locations along the highway for immersive visualization of virtual cities or other environments. Our algorithm is applicable to high-density traffic on highways with an arbitrary number of lanes and takes into account the geometric, kinematic, and dynamic constraints on the cars. Our method reconstructs the car motion that automatically minimizes the number of lane changes, respects safety distance to other cars, and computes the acceleration necessary to obtain a smooth traffic flow subject to the given constraints. Furthermore, our framework can process a continuous stream of input data in real time, enabling the users to view virtualized traffic events in a virtual world as they occur.
A Molecular Mechanism for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Substituted Nitroaromatics with Nanoparticles of Gold on TiO2 Catalysts:  A Cooperative Effect between Gold and the Support (2007)

Nanoparticles of gold on TiO2 are highly chemoselective for the reduction of substituted nitroaromatics, such as nitrostyrene. By combining kinetics and in situ IR spectroscopy, it has been found that there is a preferential adsorption of the reactant on the catalyst through the nitro group. IR studies of nitrobenzene, styrene, and nitrostyrene adsorption, together with quantum chemical calculations, show that the nitro and the olefinic groups adsorb weakly on the Au(111) and Au(001) surfaces, and that although a stronger adsorption occurs on low-coordinated atoms in gold nanoparticles, this adsorption is not selective. On the other hand, an energetically and geometrically favored adsorption through the nitro group occurs on the TiO2 support and in the interface between the gold nanoparticle and the TiO2 support. Such preferential adsorption is not observed with nanoparticles of gold on silica which, contrary to the Au/TiO2 catalyst, is not chemoselective for the reduction of substituted nitroaromatic compounds. Therefore, the high chemoselectiviy of the Au/TiO2 catalyst can be attributed to a cooperation between the gold nanoparticle and the support that preferentially activates the nitro group.
Supplementary Table from Inhibition of <i>KRAS</i>-Driven Tumorigenicity by Interruption of an Autocrine Cytokine Circuit (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1 XLSX file 63K, This Supplementary Table contains the results of ORF screen to identify genes that can rescue the suppression of TBK1 in a KRAS-dependent cell line&lt;/p&gt;
Anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the production of bleached chemical thermo‐mechanical pulp – higher methane production for hardwood than softwood (2016)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Chemical thermo‐mechanical pulp ( CTMP ) mills holds a large biomethane potential in their wastewater. Their broadened market has involved increased bleaching and utilization of different raw materials. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to obtain and maintain a well‐functioning anaerobic digestion ( AD ) process, with a high methane yield and total organic carbon ( TOC ) reduction, when digesting CTMP wastewater, from different production protocols including shifts in raw material and bleaching. A lab‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed ( UASB ) reactor was used for the tests. RESULTS The variations in raw material (spruce, birch and aspen) and consequently in TOC ‐loading (3.6–6.6 kg TOC m −3 and day −1 ) did not affect the UASB process negatively. Methane production values from 360 to 500 NmL g −1 TOC were obtained, with the highest yield for wastewater from the production of birch‐ followed by aspen‐ and spruce pulp. The acetic acid and filtered‐ TOC ( fTOC ) reduction ranged from 90 to 95% and 61 to 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A well‐functioning process maintained during shifts in raw material for pulp production which shows that AD is feasible for CTMP mills with a diversified product portfolio. Furthermore, the increased use of hardwood and bleaching will most likely increase their potential as a biomethane producer. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Three-mirror freeform imagers (2018)

Driven by the development of freeform imaging systems, we have combined several concepts and techniques from the literature to analytically generate unobscured freeform starting point designs that are corrected through the third-order image degrading aberrations. The surfaces used in these starting point designs are described as a base off-axis conic that images stigmatically for the central field point, also known as a Cartesian reflector, with an aspheric departure “cap” (quartic with the aperture) added to the base off-axis conic to correct for the third-order image degrading aberrations. Once the aspheric caps are added to the surfaces, the system is then optimized using higher order freeform terms while leaving second-order terms frozen to preserve the focal length of the system during optimization. This technique is used to survey the three-mirror freeform imager solution space. Several systems that are the result of this technique are shown, with different numbers of internal images, internal pupil conjugates and folding geometries.
Ionic Conductivity and Electronic Insulation in a Nanoscale Interlayer for Improved Solid Electrolyte Performance (2020)

Growing demands for versatile, high-energy-density energy storage bring inorganic solid electrolytes to the forefront of research for future battery designs. Dendrite formation and subsequent electrical shorting in solid electrolytes, however, present a critical obstacle to their widespread implementation in energy storage devices. Based on research that suggests a dependence of dendrite formation on the electronic conductivity of a solid electrolyte, we propose the rational design of a thin (&lt;100 nm), conformal layer of electronically insulating, ionically conductive material at the interface between garnet-type LLZO electrolyte and a metallic Li-Sn alloy anode. Selection of the solid electrolyte LiPON as the material for the electronically insulating layer facilitated application by atomic layer deposition, a technique which ensured continuity across the garnet substrate surface. The LiPON layer enabled dendrite inhibition while promoting ionic conductivity through the electrolyte matrix over a long cycle life. Potential step chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy performed on the LiPON-coated LLZO electrolyte matrix demonstrate the excellent electronic insulating ability of the applied layer, as evidenced by a dramatic drop of over two orders of magnitude in the electronic leakage current while maintaining practical ionic conductivity. In a galvanostatic cycling protocol of over 200 h (100 cycles) using a maximum current of 0.1 mA⸱cm -2 , symmetric coin cells consisting of LiPON-coated LLZO with Li alloy electrodes successfully demonstrated superior electrochemical stability and longer cycle life compared to a bare LLZO control. Our observations, confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques and post-cycling electron microscopy for visualization of Li dendrites and interface characteristics, support a new understanding of the possible failure mechanisms in LLZO solid electrolyte. Our simple and adaptable strategy yields new insight for the design of other dendrite-free solid-state electrolytes.
Data from First-In-Human Study of Cemiplimab Alone or In Combination with Radiotherapy and/or Low-dose Cyclophosphamide in Patients with Advanced Malignancies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;This first-in-human study assessed the safety, tolerability, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of cemiplimab, a monoclonal anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), as monotherapy and in combination with hypofractionated radiotherapy (hfRT) and/or cyclophosphamide (CPA) in patients with advanced solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients were enrolled in 1 of 10 dose escalation cohorts and received cemiplimab 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks intravenously for up to 48 weeks. Depending on the cohort, patients received hfRT and/or low-dose (200 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) CPA. Safety was evaluated. Antitumor activity was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Sixty patients were enrolled. The median duration of follow-up was 19.3 weeks (range, 2.3–84.3). There were no DLTs. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of any grade were fatigue (45.0%), nausea (36.7%), and vomiting (25.0%). The most common immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of any grade were arthralgia (10.0%), hypothyroidism (8.3%), and maculopapular rash (8.3%). Cemiplimab pharmacokinetic parameters increased in a close to dose-proportional manner and were similar regardless of combination therapy regimen. Two patients (one with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and one with cervical cancer) experienced a complete response; 7 had a partial response. Observed duration of response was ≥12 months in 6 patients.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The safety profile of cemiplimab was comparable with other anti–PD-1 agents. Addition of hfRT and/or CPA did not appear to increase grade ≥3 irAEs, suggesting that cemiplimab can be safely administered with hfRT and/or CPA. Cemiplimab exhibited encouraging antitumor activity with 2 complete responses and 7 partial responses observed; responses were also durable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Detecting Fake News With Weak Social Supervision (2020)

Limited labeled data are becoming one of the largest bottlenecks for supervised learning systems. This is especially the case for many real-world tasks, where large-scale labeled examples are either too expensive to acquire or unavailable due to privacy or data access constraints. Weak supervision has shown to be effective in mitigating the scarcity of labeled data by leveraging weak labels or injecting constraints from heuristic rules and/or extrinsic knowledge sources. Social media has little labeled data but possesses unique characteristics that make it suitable for generating weak supervision, resulting in a new type of weak supervision, i.e., weak social supervision. In this article, we illustrate how various aspects of social media can be used as weak social supervision. Specifically, we use the recent research on fake news detection as the use case, where social engagements are abundant but annotated examples are scarce, to show that weak social supervision is effective when facing the labeled data scarcity problem. This article opens the door to learning with weak social supervision for similar emerging tasks when labeled data are limited.
Diastereoselective Passerini Reaction of Chiral 2,3‐Epoxy Aldehydes with TosMIC. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Doped Barrier Al0.65Ga0.35N/Al0.40Ga0.60N MOSHFET With SiO2 Gate-Insulator and Zr-Based Ohmic Contacts (2018)

This letter reports an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.65</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.35</sub> N-Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.6</sub> N metal–oxide–semiconductor–heterojunction–field–effect–transistor (MOSHFET) with an SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate-insulator. For this first demonstration of an AlGaN channel MOSHFET, a new doped barrier epilayer design led to linear source–drain ohmic-contacts formed by Zr-based metal stack with a contact resistance as low as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.64~\Omega \cdot \textsf {mm}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . For a device with 6- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> source–drain opening a record saturation current of 0.6 A/mm (at gate bias of 6V) was measured. In contrast to a conventional Schottky-gate HFET, the gate-oxide from the pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition decreased the MOSHFET gate leakage current by a factor of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> with only a 1.5-V shift in the threshold voltage. A drift mobility of 430 cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}/\textsf {V}\cdot \textsf {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is measured at zero-gate bias, which increases to 800 cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}/\textsf {V}\cdot \textsf {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> close to the threshold voltage. The device characteristics up to 250°C are used to calculate the temperature dependence of the drift mobility.