gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cellular and molecular determinants of emphysematous destruction in COPD (2017)

The introduction of microCT has made it possible to show that the terminal bronchioles are narrowed and destroyed before the onset of emphysematous destruction in COPD. This report extends those observations to the cellular and molecular level in the centrilobular phenotype of emphysematous destruction in lungs donated by persons with very severe COPD (n = 4) treated by lung transplantation with unused donor lungs (n = 4) serving as controls. These lung specimens provided companion samples to those previously examined by microCT (n = 61) that we examined using quantitative histology (n = 61) and gene expression profiling (n = 48). The histological analysis showed that remodeling and destruction of the bronchiolar and alveolar tissue is associated with macrophage, CD4, CD8, and B cell infiltration with increased formation of tertiary lymphoid organs. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis showed that genes known to be expressed by natural killer (NK), lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi), and innate lymphoid cell 1 (ILC1) cells, but not ILC2 or ILC3 cells, were enriched in the expression profiles associated with CD4, CD8, and B cell infiltration. Based on these findings, we postulate that the centrilobular phenotype of emphysematous destruction COPD is driven by a Th1 response activated by infiltrating ILC1, NK, and LTi cells.
Acoustic Field Synthesis by Sector-Vortex Array for Tumor Treatment (1986)

A dual-track sector-vortex array applicator is proposed for treating nonsuperficial tumors. This array configuration allows considerable flexibility in synthesis of an acoustic field, whose power deposition pattern should be useful for heating both the central and the marginal region of a tumor. The acoustic field formation and the thermal response of tumors to the field are numerically simulated.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia — New Concepts (1981)

TreatmentSeveral chemotherapeutic strategies have been developed for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The conventional approach is to give moderate doses of an alkylating agent or DNA-synthesis inhibitor to reduce the overproduction of granulocytes. As the disease evolves into blast crisis, this approach is no longer effective. Aggressive experimental protocols have been developed with the aim of destroying as many leukemic cells as possible and allowing normal hematopoietic cells to repopulate the bone marrow. This goal is easier to accomplish in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) because drugs such as vincristine, corticosteroids, and L-asparaginase are highly effective in destroying . . .
Lamellar Diblock Copolymer Grain Boundary Morphology. 4. Tilt Boundaries (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLamellar Diblock Copolymer Grain Boundary Morphology. 4. Tilt BoundariesSamuel P. Gido and Edwin L. ThomasCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 21, 6137–6144Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00099a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00099a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views564Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction of Magnetization Using Vector Field Electron Tomography (2018)

Vector field electron tomography (VFET) is extensively used for three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of magnetic materials at nanometer resolutions. The conventional approach is to reconstruct and visualize the magnetic vector potential or the magnetic field associated with the sample. There is a lack of algorithms capable of reconstructing the 3-D distribution of magnetization from VFET data. Unlike magnetic vector potential and magnetic field, magnetization is a fundamental physical property of the sample that does not extend beyond the dimensions of the sample. We present a model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm (MBIR) that reconstructs the magnetization by minimizing a cost function consisting of a forward model term and a prior model term. The forward model uses the physics of imaging to model the VFET data as a function of the magnetization, and the prior model enforces sparsity in the magnetization reconstruction. We then formulate an optimization algorithm based on the theory of alternate direction method of multipliers to minimize the resulting MBIR cost function. Using simulated and real data, we show that our algorithm accurately reconstructs both the magnetization and the magnetic vector potential.
LOX-1, an Oxidized LDL Endothelial Receptor, Induces CD40/CD40L Signaling in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (2003)

These findings indicate that ox-LDL through its receptor LOX-1 triggers the CD40/CD40L signaling pathway that activates the inflammatory reaction in HCAECs. These observations provide novel insight into ox-LDL-mediated inflammation in atherosclerosis.
Dip-pen nanopatterning of photosensitive conducting polymer using a monomer ink (2004)

Controlled patterning of conducting polymers at a micro- or nanoscale is the first step towards the fabrication of miniaturized functional devices. Here, we introduce an approach for the nanopatterning of conducting polymers using an improved monomer “ink” in dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). The nominal monomer “ink” is converted, in situ, to its conducting solid-state polymeric form after patterned. Proof-of-concept experiments have been performed with acid-promoted polymerization of pyrrole in a less reactive environment (tetrahydrofuran). The ratios of reactants are optimized to give an appropriate rate to match the operation of DPN. A similar synthesis process for the same polymer in its bulk form shows a high conductance and crystalline structure. The miniaturized conducting polymer sensors with light detection ability are fabricated by DPN using the improved ink formula, and exhibit excellent response, recovery, and sensitivity parameters.
Spectrum of Diabetes Research does not Reflect Patients’ Scientific Preferences: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Diabetes Research Areas 2010–2013 vs. a Cross-sectional Survey in Patients with Diabetes (2015)

The distribution of research topics over the last 4 years as measured by the distribution of accepted EASD abstracts does not reflect what patients and their relatives want to have investigated. Better patient involvement and a reassessment of non-commercial funding strategies might help create more valuable research.
Nanoplasmonic Sensors with Various Photonic Coupling Effects for Detecting Different Targets (2015)

Nanoplamsonic sensors have been utilized to effectively detect molecules or biological structures with diverse sizes. Their performances can be engineered through various photonic and plasmonic coupling strategies; however, the coupling effects modify the surface electric field and complicate the interrelationship between the resonance line width, the sensitivity, and the decay length of the electric field. This makes rational sensor design challenging. We provide insight into the nanoplasmonic sensing performances by using the finite difference time domain method to numerically study the sensing behavior for three types of coupling strategies: (1) coupling to a Fabry–Perot cavity, (2) diffractive coupling in periodic arrays, and (3) coupling to propagating surface plasmons. The sensitivity analysis is based on the recently proposed second-order surface sensitivity, and the results are distinguished for different targets such as the bulk index change, thin surface monolayer, and thicker layer that is larger than the typical decay length. The resonance line width, sensitivities to different targets, figure of merit, and decay length are systematically compared. The important role of the decay length in the sensor evaluation is also clarified. Our results offer guidance to the nanoplasmonic sensor design for a variety of applications.
Adaptive low-rank MIMO-OFDM channel estimation (2005)

For the practical LMMSE channel estimation of MIMO-OFDM systems, the high computational complexity of LMMSE needs to be eliminated. In this study, we develop a low-complexity, generalized low-rank LMMSE channel estimator for MIMO-OFDM systems using comb-type pilots. The estimator utilizes the relationship between the sub-spaces of the frequency domain channels at the pilots and non-pilots subcarriers. By then using subspace tracking, if is observed that practical LMMSE channel estimation of MIMO-OFDM systems can be feasible.
Comment on ’’I-V and C-V characteristics of Cr∥H-Pc∥Cr organic sandwich cell’’ (1981)

It has recently been suggested that the capacitor discharge measurement on an organic Schottky diode determines the injected space charge rather than the barrier charge. The observation of an integral capacitance exceeding the high-frequency capacitance is shown to imply that the barrier charge is in fact the measured quantity.
Towards grasping with a helicopter platform: landing accuracy and other challenges (2010)

The mRNA for rat interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) consists of 5.2 kb and 6.4 kb transcripts which are expressed early during retinal development. Here, we characterized rat IRBP cDNA and genomic clones, determined the mechanism generating the two transcripts and compared their expression to mRNAs for opsin, cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRAlBP) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). We found that human and rat IRBPs have a high degree of sequence homology (86% amino acid identity over the fourth repeat). RNA-PCR studies and Northern blot analysis, showed that the 6.4 kb mRNA has a longer 3'-untranslated region (UTR) than the 5.2 kb message. Both IRBP transcripts, but not the mRNA for opsin are present in the neonatal and adult pineal. During development, the mRNAs for IRBP and opsin reach one-half of their maximal levels by P5 and P11, respectively. The ratio of the two IRBP mRNAs remains constant throughout life. In contrast, the ratio of the longest to the shortest opsin mRNA decreases between E19 and 1 year of age. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a marked increase in the amount of IRBP in the interphotoreceptor matrix between P1 and P9 corresponding to the enhanced expression of this mRNA. Up-regulation of opsin mRNA expression during the second postnatal week corresponds to the emergence of the outer segments. The temporal expression of CRAlBP is similar to IRBP while bFGF is not expressed until after photoreceptor differentiation is complete. In summary, two 3'-transcription termination sites explain the difference in IRBP mRNA sizes. The different temporal and tissue specific patterns of IRBP and opsin expression suggest that separate mechanisms control the expression of these two genes. The expression patterns of IRBP and CRAlBP are consistent with the role of vitamin A as a morphogen and bFGF in neuronal maintenance.
Effect of Grain Growth on the Thermal Conductivity of Silicon Nitride (1996)

Thermal conductivity of sintered silicon nitride has been improved by grain growth of β-Si3N4. β-Si3N4 containing 0.5mol% Y2O3 and 0.5mol% Nd2O3 was gas-pressure sintered at 1973 to 2473K and the microstructures and the thermal conductivities were investigated. The materials sintered at temperatures higher than 2173K had a microstructure of “in-situ composite” with smaller β-Si3N4 matrix grains and a small amount of elongated β-Si3N4 grains. The grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature. Room temperature thermal conductivity increased with increasing sintering temperature; 122W·m-1·K-1 was produced by sintering at 2473K-this value was about two times higher than the values reported up to this time. Higher thermal conductivities were established by growth of Si3N4 grains and decrease in the amount of two-grain junctions.
Image-Guided Brain Stimulation (2013)

With our ability to image the brain’s structure or function we now have more sophisticated models, or maps, of how the brain works in health and disease. Luckily, in concert with the advances in brain imaging, there has been a steady expansion of new techniques that can focally stimulate the brain either invasively or non-invasively. These new brain stimulation or neuromodulation methods work hand in hand with brain imaging methods in order to determine where to stimulate or to examine the effects of stimulation.This chapter provides an overview of the ways in which the brain stimulation methods interact with, and even inform, brain imaging. We will particularly discuss the techniques where imaging is used to guide or target the stimulation.
Effect of changes in the intravascular volume during hemodialysis on blood viscoelasticity (2011)

Adoption of high rate of ultrafiltration (UF) during hemodialysis (HD) may affect the hemorhelogical blood profile, by changing Hematocrit (Hct) and the concentration of plasma proteins, which may in turn interfere with tissue perfusion. The aim of this work is to examine the effect of acute volume change during dialysis on the hemorheological variables. The study included 21 hemodialysis patients. Hematocrit (Hct) and percent decrease in blood volume (BV) were recorded by blood volume monitor. Blood samples were taken before and at the end of dialysis, for measuring plasma fibrinogen and haemorheological variables, which included blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, red cells elasticity and aggregation. The UF volume was 3.52±1.54 L. Hct increased from 34.2±6.1 to 42.1±7.3% (P<0.001), and blood volume (BV) decreased to 85.5±6.4% (P<0.001). Blood and plasma viscosity significantly increased from 3.28±0.69 to 5.48±0.85 mPa.s (P<0.001), and from 1.24 ± 0.16 to 1.65±0.24 mPa.s (P<0.001), respectively. Changes in plasma viscosity were correlated to changes in plasma fibrinogen (r=0.63, P<0.05), while the increase in blood viscosity was correlated to the percent reduction in blood volume (r=0.85, P<0.005). Red cells elasticity increased from 0.26±0.12 to 0.48±0.18 mPa.s (P<0.05), and the aggregation index rose from 0.86±0.31 to 1.25±0.26 (P<0.01). This combination of increased plasma viscosity and red cell aggregability may lower the velocity of erythrocyte transfer inside the tissue capillaries after HD, which may affect tissue perfusion. Moreover, increased elasticity may require more energy from the heart to disaggregate the cells, and this may induce problems in the patients with cardiac dysfunction. In conclusion, the hemorheological variables change after dialysis in the direction which may impede the flow inside the microvessels.
Supplementary Movie 2 from Depletion of the Ras Association Domain Family 1, Isoform A–Associated Novel Microtubule-Associated Protein, C19ORF5/MAP1S, Causes Mitotic Abnormalities (2023)

Supplementary Movie 2 from Depletion of the Ras Association Domain Family 1, Isoform A–Associated Novel Microtubule-Associated Protein, C19ORF5/MAP1S, Causes Mitotic Abnormalities
An Efficient Inverted Relativistic Magnetron With Virtual Cathode (2021)

A high output power and high-efficiency <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band inverted relativistic magnetron (IRM) driven by a virtual cathode (VC) is proposed. By switching the configuration of cathode and anode, a greater magnitude of current could be generated from an external annular emission surface. In order to excite the desired mode more efficiently and enhance the mode stability, the emitting region is divided into eight azimuthally periodic parts. The prolonged VC is formed in the interaction region by dc electric field directly. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation demonstrates that the proposed IRM could generate an output a TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode with a microwave power of 1.97 GW for a diode voltage of 600 kV and a uniform guiding magnetic field of 0.18 T. Comparing with IRM with an emission surface inside the interaction region, the power conversion efficiency is improved from 18% to 86%.
N,N′-Bis(2-tosylaminobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine (2000)

The structure of the title compound, C30H30N4O4S2, is highly conditioned in the solid state by two strong N—H⋯N interactions. The values of the distances between the aminic N atoms [5.865 (3) Å] and the iminic N atoms [2.930 (4) Å], in conjunction with the long distance between the S atoms of the two tosyl groups [7.673 (1) Å], suggest that when the molecule acts as a ligand it will provide a single cavity for N4 coordination to the metal centre.
Combining navigator-based prospective and data-driven retrospective motion correction for high resolution 7T multi-slice T2W MRI. (2023)

High-resolution multi-slice T2W imaging at ultra-high field is highly sensitive to motion due to high tissue-CSF contrast and the k-space filling pattern. In this study we investigated the combination of 3D prospective and in-plane retrospective motion correction to improve image quality. We observed that a combination of navigator based prospective and data-driven retrospective correction is able to correct most severe motion artifacts during scanning, and remove smaller residual artifacts in reconstruction.
Myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission prolongs progression-free survival in follicular lymphoma: results of a prospective, randomized trial of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group (2004)

Conventional chemotherapy has failed to substantially prolong survival for patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. To improve outcomes, the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG) initiated a randomized trial to compare the effect of potentially curative myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) maintenance therapy in first remission. Three hundred seven patients (younger than 60 years) with follicular lymphoma were recruited into the trial from 130 institutions. After 2 cycles of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisone (CHOP) or mitoxantrone-chlorambucil-prednisone (MCP) induction chemotherapy, patients were randomly assigned to either the ASCT or the IFN-alpha group. The respective therapy was started when patients achieved complete or partial remission after induction chemotherapy. Two hundred forty patients with follicular lymphoma are evaluable for the comparison of ASCT and IFN-alpha. In patients who underwent ASCT, the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 64.7%, and in the IFN-alpha arm it was 33.3% (P < .0001). As expected, acute toxicity was higher in the ASCT group, but early mortality was below 2.5% in both study arms. In this randomized, multicenter trial, high-dose radiochemotherapy followed by ASCT significantly improved PFS compared with IFN-alpha in patients with follicular lymphoma when applied as consolidation in first remission. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine the effect of ASCT on overall survival.
Hybrid-Imaging mit Ultraschall: Optoakustische Bildgebung auf dem Weg vom Labor zur Klinischen Anwendung (2016)

Die optoakustische Bildgebung stellt ein neues hybrides Verfahren dar, das die Vorteile von optischen Bildgebungsmodalitäten mit denen des Ultraschalls kombiniert. Bei der Bestrahlung von Gewebe mit gepulstem Laserlicht wird dieses gemäß den lokalen Absorptionskoeffizienten absorbiert und in Wärme und Druck umgewandelt. Bei diesem sogenannten Thermoelastischen Effekt entstehen breitbandige Ultraschallsignale, die mit geeigneten Wandlern auf der Gewebeoberfläche aufgenommen werden können. Mit entsprechenden Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen können die gemessenen Signale in räumliche Verteilungen der absorbierten Energie umgewandelt werden. Somit können zwei- oder dreidimensionale Bilder des Gewebes erzeugt werden, in denen Strukturen mit optischem Kontrast aber akustischer Auflösung dargestellt werden. Da sich die optischen Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Gewebebestandteile wesentlich stärker als die akustischen unterscheiden, bietet das Verfahren einen sehr hohen Kontrast. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen optischen Verfahren ist die Bildgebung darüber hinaus nicht auf ballistische Photonen angewiesen, so dass wesentlich höhere Eindringtiefen erzielt werden können. Die Möglichkeit funktionelle und molekulare Bildgebung zu betreiben stellt einen weiteren Vorteil des Verfahrens dar. Durch die Nutzung mehrerer Anregungswellenlängen können gemessene Signalamplituden mit den Spektren bekannter Gewebechromophore korreliert werden. Somit kann zB. die räumliche Verteilung einzelner Moleküle wie Hämoglobin oder Melanin dargestellt werden. Durch die intrinsische Skalierbarkeit des Verfahrens ist es in einem weitem Frequenz- und Auflösungsbereich einsetzbar. Verschiedene technische Umsetzungen von der Mikroskopie bis hin zu Systemen für die makroskopische Bildgebung sollen ebenso vorgestellt werden wie Anwendungsfälle aus dem präklinischen und klinischen Bereich.