gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A PRACTICAL TOOL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SURFACE STRESSES IN RAILROAD BEARINGS WITH DIFFERENT CONTACT GEOMETRIES AND LOAD CONDITIONS USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (2014)

The connection between contact geometry and fatigue in tapered roller bearings utilized in the railroad environment is still of interest. Roller bearings for railroad applications are typically precision ground with crowned contact geometries to prevent edge loading of components. This normally results in completely elastic Hertzian contact stresses under standard railcar loads. However, under extreme load conditions, detrimental edge loading has been known to occur. It is proposed to develop a tool, using finite element analysis, that can be utilized to optimize complex raceway crown geometries for severe applications. A successful implementation of this tool is presented and validated using proven Hertzian contact theory. Correlation within 5% of the ultimate surface and subsurface stress magnitudes, using finite element modeling, in contrast with proven contact theory is achieved. In addition, analyses of other load conditions and contact geometries in order to illustrate the practical application of the tool are exhibited.
Les aliments fonctionnels dans un système alimentaire sain et durable (2019)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Procedure for the Demethylation of Aryl‐Methyl Ethers in Optically Pure Unusual Amino Acids. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Formation of Metal Oxide Particles in Atomic Layer Deposition During the Chemisorption of Metal Chlorides: A Review (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Versatile Method for Ammonia Detection in a Range of Relevant Electrolytes via Direct Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques (2019)

Electrocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia has recently attracted a great deal of interest as a possible renewable energy-driven alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. However, the detection of NH3 after attempting electrocatalytic reduction of N2 can be hampered by low NH3 yields, ambient NH3 contamination, and the need for multistep chemical separation of NH3 from the electrolyte. Herein, we report a frequency-selective pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method and quantify the efficacy of this method to measure the concentration of NH3 (present in the assay as NH4+) in an electrolyte after electrocatalysis. This NMR method was demonstrated to be effective in a variety of nondeuterated, nonaqueous and aqueous electrolytes, and did not require the separation of NH3 from the electrolyte. NH3 sensitivity down to 1 μM was readily achieved with isotopic and chemical specificity. Compatible electrolytes and solvents included ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, diethyl either, hexanes, and water. The efficacy of the commonly employed Berthelot method was also quantified and compared to the NMR method in a range of nonaqueous and aqueous electrolytes, including ethanol, THF, propylene carbonate, and water.
Studying How Different Terminal Groups Change the Motion of H2NSO2C6H4CONH(EG)3R When Bound to the Active Site of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (1998)

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to explore the motions of series of ligands containing coupled benzenesulfonamide and oligoethylene glycol moieties (H2NSO2C6H4CONH(CH2-CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2)R+; R+ = NH3+, NHCOCH2NH3+, NHCOCH(CH2Ph)NH3+) bound at the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII; E.C. 4.2.1.1). These complexes have been examined previously by X-ray crystallography; the locations of the terminal groups of these ligands were not defined in the crystal structures. These stimulations, carried out in the presence of water, provide dynamic information about the motion of the bound ligand that supplements the quasistatic information from crystallography. Our results suggested that the Gly and Phe groups of these ligands interacted weakly with the protein adjacent to the active site. Quantitative estimates of energies of binding did not correlate usefully with observed free energies of binding, but in the absence of information about entropies, it is not possible to tell if the lack of correlation between calculated energies and observed free energies represents inaccuracies in the energies, or a compensation between enthalpies and entropies. When the terminal Phe group was placed near a previously identified hydrophobic patch in the active site (Phe20 and Pro202) the average conformation of the ligand inferred from this simulation was inconsistent with that from the crystal structure; this result illustrates the problems of misleading local minima in these types of simulations.
Aviation Grade - New GPS Signals, Chips Off the Block IIF (2010)

While the GNSS community at large looks forward to the addition of any new generation of navigation satellites, the first Block IIF satellite -launched in May 2010 and designated space vehicle number (SVN) 62 -marks an especially important step forward for the aviation community.Non-aviation applications may take advantage of GNSS receivers that use any and all available ranging sources.However aviation requires signals operating in designated safety-oflife aeronautical radionavigation service (ARNS) bands to avoid interference from overlapping signals.GPS L1 operates in a designated ARNS band, but L2 does not.The new L5 signal -the first operational version of which has begun transmitting on a test basis recently -is also in an ARNS band.And, as with L1, L5 can be used for aviation.Because aviation users must meet rigorous safety-related standards, they need to rely only on signals that meet strict criteria for performance and reliability.This often translates into demands for ensuring robust performance and high availability of service while having fewer ranging sources upon which it can rely.One area of concern is imperfection in the shapes of the broadcast chips that may lead to differential range errors across different receiver types.This article focuses on an evaluation of the new signals' chip shapes and their potential effect for aviation users.Satellite-based navigation signals used for aviation must originate from well-established and trustworthy sources, such as GPS.Although other satellite navigation systems exist or are under development, none has gained the pedigree that GPS has earned from years of continued operation and dependable performance.New GNSS signals -including GPS L5 -planned for use in aviation New gPs signals aviation grade Chips Off the Block IIF Civil aviation depends on augmentation systems that use monitors and complex algorithms to ensure that GNSS signals meet rigorous requirements for accuracy and integrity.This includes detecting any imperfection in the shapes of the broadcast chips that may lead to differential range errors across different receiver types.In this article, researchers in the United States and Germany offer their impressions of transmissions from the first GPS Block IIF satellite, including the new operational L5 signal.
Regulation of hindbrainPyyexpression by acute food deprivation, prolonged caloric restriction, and weight loss surgery in mice (2012)

PYY is a gut-derived putative satiety signal released in response to nutrient ingestion and is implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Pyy-expressing neurons have been identified in the hindbrain of river lamprey, rodents, and primates. Despite this high evolutionary conservation, little is known about central PYY neurons. Using in situ hybridization, PYY-Cre;ROSA-EYFP mice, and immunohistochemistry, we identified PYY cell bodies in the gigantocellular reticular nucleus region of the hindbrain. PYY projections were present in the dorsal vagal complex and hypoglossal nucleus. In the hindbrain, Pyy mRNA was present at E9.5, and expression peaked at P2 and then decreased significantly by 70% at adulthood. We found that, in contrast to the circulation, PYY-(1-36) is the predominant isoform in mouse brainstem extracts in the ad libitum-fed state. However, following a 24-h fast, the relative amounts of PYY-(1-36) and PYY-(3-36) isoforms were similar. Interestingly, central Pyy expression showed nutritional regulation and decreased significantly by acute starvation, prolonged caloric restriction, and bariatric surgery (enterogastroanastomosis). Central Pyy expression correlated with body weight loss and circulating leptin and PYY concentrations. Central regulation of energy metabolism is not limited to the hypothalamus but also includes the midbrain and the brainstem. Our findings suggest a role for hindbrain PYY in the regulation of energy homeostasis and provide a starting point for further research on gigantocellular reticular nucleus PYY neurons, which will increase our understanding of the brain stem pathways in the integrated control of appetite and energy metabolism.
Enhancement on Proton Conductivity of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Silica Membrane by Surface Sulfonation (2006)

A new proton-conducting membrane was prepared consisting of uniformly macroporous silica matrix and a proton-conducting gel polymer, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS). Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous silica membrane was fabricated by use of a colloidal template method with mono-dispersed polystyrene beads. Surface sulfonation of the pores in the silica matrix was performed by using 1,3-propanesultone. The sulfonated silica matrix exhibited about 400 times higher proton conductivity than unmodified one. The proton conductivity of the composite membrane was also successfully enhanced by using the sulfonated silica matrix.
Cross-Binding of Factors to Functionally Different Promoter Elements in c -fos and Skeletal Actin Genes (1989)

A conserved 28-base-pair element in the skeletal actin promoter was sufficient to activate muscle-specific expression when placed upstream of a TATA element. This muscle regulatory element (MRE) is similar in structure to the serum response element (SRE), which is present in the promoters of the c-fos proto-oncogene and the nonmuscle actin genes. The SRE can function as a constitutive promoter element. Though the MRE and SRE differed in their tissue-specific expression properties, both elements bound to the same protein factors in vitro. These proteins are the serum response factor (SRF) and the muscle actin promoter factors 1 and 2 (MAPF1 and MAPF2). The SRF and MAPF proteins were resolved by chromatographic procedures, and they differed in their relative affinities for each element. The factors were further distinguished by their distinct, but overlapping, methylation interference footprint patterns on each element. These data indicate that the differences in tissue-specific expression may be due to a complex interaction of protein factors with these sequences.
Videourodynamics (2007)

This chapter contains section titled: Urodynamic technique Suggested Reading
Vertical organic electrochemical transistors for complementary circuits (2023)

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and OECT-based circuitry offer great potential in bioelectronics, wearable electronics and artificial neuromorphic electronics because of their exceptionally low driving voltages (<1 V), low power consumption (<1 µW), high transconductances (>10 mS) and biocompatibility<sup>1-5</sup>. However, the successful realization of critical complementary logic OECTs is currently limited by temporal and/or operational instability, slow redox processes and/or switching, incompatibility with high-density monolithic integration and inferior n-type OECT performance<sup>6-8</sup>. Here we demonstrate p- and n-type vertical OECTs with balanced and ultra-high performance by blending redox-active semiconducting polymers with a redox-inactive photocurable and/or photopatternable polymer to form an ion-permeable semiconducting channel, implemented in a simple, scalable vertical architecture that has a dense, impermeable top contact. Footprint current densities exceeding 1 kA cm<sup>-2</sup> at less than ±0.7 V, transconductances of 0.2-0.4 S, short transient times of less than 1 ms and ultra-stable switching (>50,000 cycles) are achieved in, to our knowledge, the first vertically stacked complementary vertical OECT logic circuits. This architecture opens many possibilities for fundamental studies of organic semiconductor redox chemistry and physics in nanoscopically confined spaces, without macroscopic electrolyte contact, as well as wearable and implantable device applications.
Thermodynamics of triple helix formation: spectrophotometric studies on the d(A)10·2d(T)10and d(C+3T3C+3)·d(G3A4G3)·d(C3T4C3) triple helices (1990)

We have stabilized the d(A)10.2d(T)10 and d(C+LT4C+3).d(G3A4G3).d(C3T4C3) triple helices with either NaCl or MgCl2 at pH 5.5. UV mixing curves demonstrate a 1:2 stoichiometry of purine to pyrimidine strands under the appropriate conditions of pH and ionic strength. Circular dichroic titrations suggest a possible sequence-independent spectral signature for triplex formation. Thermal denaturation profiles indicate the initial loss of the third strand followed by dissociation of the underlying duplex with increasing temperature. Depending on the base sequence and ionic conditions, the binding affinity of the third strand for the duplex at 25 degrees C is two to five orders of magnitude lower than that of the two strands forming the duplex. Thermodynamic parameters for triplex formation were determined for both sequences in the presence of 50 mM MgCl2 and/or 2.0 M NaCl. Hoogsteen base pairs are 0.22-0.64 kcal/mole less stable than Watson-Crick base pairs, depending on ionic conditions and base composition. C+.G and T.A Hoogsteen base pairs appear to have similar stability in the presence of Mg2+ ions at low pH.
Techno-economic Drivers for SDM in Communication Systems (2015)

Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is widely recognized as a key ingredient to scale interface rates and system capacities, from short-reach to ultra-long-haul. We discuss the highly application specific economics of the introduction of various SDM technologies.
Research on nonlinear optical materials: an assessment (1987)

The seven papers making up this assessment are based on the Workshop on Nonlinear Optical Materials held in April 1986.
Translating Schemas and Data between Metamodels (2007)

ModelGen is an operator that automatically translates a source model expressed in a source metamodel into an equivalent target model expressed in a different metamodel. For example, given an XML schema, ModelGen can automatically generate an equiva-lent relational schema or Java interface. This paper describes a new algorithm for ModelGen with several novel properties. It automatically determines a series of transformations to generate the target model. It generates forward- and reverse-views that transform instances of the source model into instances of the target and back again. It supports rich mappings of inheritance hierarchies to flat relations. And it supports incremental modification of a source-to-target mapping. We prove its correctness and demonstrate its practicality in an implementation.
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery on Wireless Networks (1998)

This document describes how the original IPv6 Neighbor Discovery and
Wireless ND (WiND) can be applied on various abstractions of wireless
media.
Low‐temperature and highly efficient conversion of saccharides into formic acid under hydrothermal conditions (2016)

Production of formic acid, which has been regarded as an important H 2 carrier, from biomass can be a highly potential way to provide human societies with renewable energy source. To attain economically viable production of formic acid from biomass on an industrial scale, the system operation at low reaction temperature is crucially important. In this work, a low‐temperature hydrothermal conversion of carbohydrates such as monosaccharides and disaccharides into formic acid is reported. A good formic acid yield of 80–85% was obtained at a lower temperature of 423 K for only 15–20 min in the presence of NaOH without any other catalyst. The alkali was found to act as two roles in enhancing the production of formic acid. One was inhibition of the formic acid decomposition; another was favorable for the oxidation selectively at C‐1 for aldoses, which leads to the formation of formic acid via the rupture of the C1–C2 bond. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 62: 3657–3663, 2016
Extraordinary Laser-Induced Swelling of Oxide Glasses (2009)

We describe a novel process of laser-assisted fabrication of surface structures on doped oxide glasses with heights reaching 10 - 13% of the glass thickness. This effect manifests itself as a swelling of the irradiated portion of the glass, which occurs in a wide range of glass compositions. The extent of such swelling depends on the glass base composition. Doping with Fe, Ti, Co, Ce, and other transition metals allows for adjusting the absorption of the glass and maximizing the feature size. In the case of bumps grown on borosilicate glasses, we observe reversible glass swelling and the bump height can increase or decrease depending on whether the consecutive laser pulse has higher or lower energy compared with the previous one. The hypothetical mechanism includes laser heating of glass, glass melting, and directional flow. We review several potential applications of such glass swelling.
Modeling the influence of TH1 and TH2 type cells in autoimmune diseases (2000)

A sharp TH1/TH2 dichotomy has often been used to define the effects of cytokines on autoimmune diseases. However contradictory results in recent research indicate that the situation may be more complex. We build here a simple mathematical model aimed at settling the contradictions. The model is based on a neural network paradigm, and is applied using Partial Differential Equations (PDE). We show here that a TH1/TH2 paradigm is only an external view of a complex multivariate system.
A phase 1/2, open-label, dose-escalation, safety and tolerability study of NC410 in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. (2021)

TPS2659 Background: Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (LAIR)-1 and LAIR-2 are members of the Leukocyte Receptor Complex (LRC) (An &amp; Brodsky, 2016). LAIR-1 is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on several subsets of immune cells, and functions to delimit immune responses (Meyaard et al., 1997). LAIR-2 is a secreted protein with homology to the transmembrane protein LAIR-1 (Lebbink et al., 2008). In cancer, it is hypothesized that LAIR-1 expression on several subsets of leukocytes prevents optimal immune responses by limiting both innate and adaptive immune functionality. LAIR-1 serves to suppress anti-tumor immunity through the inhibition of stimulatory signaling pathways. Specifically, LAIR-1 is a checkpoint and adhesion receptor on T cells that limits T cell activation and increases adhesion to collagens (Meyaard, 2008). LAIR-2 is capable of blocking LAIR-1 functional interactions with ligands, resulting in improved immune function on multiple immune cell subsets. Dysregulation of LAIR-1 ligands in the tumor microenvironment results in excessive production of collagens and complement C1q as well as altered forms of collagens, that leads to immune inhibition through binding to LAIR-1+ immune cells. NC410 is a dimeric form of the LAIR-2 protein fused to a human Fc domain of the immunoglobulin (Ig) subtype IgG1. The rationale for developing NC410 as a cancer therapeutic is based on nonclinical data demonstrating LAIR-1 signaling blockade can improve the immune response. Because LAIR-2 binds to ligands shared with LAIR-1 with increased affinity, NC410 acts as a decoy receptor for LAIR-1 ligands releasing suppression from myeloid cells and T cells and promoting anti-tumor immunity. NC410 may also mediate remodeling of the tumor extracellular matrix, further contributing to anti-tumor activity. Methods: This is a multi-center, first in human, phase 1/2, open-label, single-armed study to determine the safety and tolerability, define maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or pharmacologically active dose, assess preliminary efficacy, and explore predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of NC410 in subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Key eligibility criteria include measurable disease based on RECIST v1.1 and being able to consent for collection of biopsies at screening and on treatment. Phase 1 is a classic 3+3 dose escalation design to determine the safety, tolerability, DLT, MTD and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) (NCT04408599). Ongoing exploratory analyses include the assessment of predictive biomarkers associated with treatment benefit, and pharmacodynamic markers associated with study drug activity. Phase 2 is going to enroll ovarian, colorectal, NSCLC, H&amp;N, and gastric carcinomas and other tumors depending on biomarker data available from the Phase 1 part of the study. Clinical trial information: 04408599.
A1196. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KINEMATIC FLEXION AXIS OF THE KNEE AND COMMONLY USED ANATOMIC AXES (2011)

Introduction: Many attempts have been made to describe the flexion axis of the knee based on landmarks or simple geometric representations of the anatomy. An alternative approach is to use kinematic data to describe the axis of motion of the joint. The helical axis is one kinematic parameter that can accomplish this. The purpose of this study was to compare the correlation between kinematic and anatomic axes of motion. Methods: Six cadaver lower extremities were skeletonized except for the knee joint. Passive navigation markers were implanted, and CT scans obtained. The limbs were then placed in an open-chain lower extremity rig that allows full range of knee motion. Threedimensional kinematic data were recorded using a camera and the helical axis of motion was calculated. Anatomic landmarks were placed on CT derived CAD models of the extremities consisting of spherical and cylindrical fits of the femoral condyles and a trans-epicondylar axis. Data for the normal knee was processed, by comparison of the helical axis to the landmark axes over varying ranges of flexion and the variation in helical axis direction within that range was also calculated. Results: The flexion range with the minimum variation of anatomic parameters to the helical axis was 30–100°. Helical axis variation in this range was 5.489 ± 1.173, while variation between the helical axis and those axis defined by spherical, TEA, and cylindrical landmarks were 5.115 ± 2.129°, 3.127 ± 2.029°, and 5.111 ± 1.710°, respectively. A students t-test was performed on each data set with the null hypothesis that the angular difference between the anatomically defined axes and the helical axis is zero. All axes were found to be significantly different from the average helical axis in the range of 30–100° (P= 0.002, 0.013, and 0.001, respectively). The tightest variation in the helical axis occurred at 40–50° of flexion 2.89 ± 0.722. Conclusion/Discussion/Summary: None of the anatomic landmarks considered in this study represent a consistently valid approximation of the kinematic flexion axis of the knee. The TEA represents the closest approximation of the three with a 95% CI between 0.998 and 5.256°. The range of 30–100° represented the tightest variation over the largest range of flexion. Extension was defined at approximately 30° based on kinematic profiles of internal/external rotation which show a “screw-home” tendency beginning at 30° through extension. This behavior is consistent with an increase in helical axis variation in ranges that were less than 30° of flexion. In a previous open-chain model, both compartments of the joint were spinning around 45 degrees of flexion, which is consistent with the smallest helical axis variation observed in the 40–50° range.