gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Circulation in Rome (Italy) during the Pre-Pandemic Period: Results of a Retrospective Surveillance (2020)

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the COVID-19 outbreak recorded over the previous months could be characterized as a pandemic. The first known Italian SARS-CoV-2 positive case was reported on 21 February. In some countries, cases of suspected "COVID-19-like pneumonia" had been reported earlier than those officially accepted by health authorities. This has led many investigators to check preserved biological or environmental samples to see whether the virus was detectable on dates prior to those officially stated. With regard to Italy, the results of a microbiological screening in sewage samples collected between the end of February and the beginning of April 2020 from wastewaters in Milan (Northern Italy) and Rome (Central Italy) showed presence of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we evaluated, by means of a standardized diagnostic method, the SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence amongst patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARI) in an academic hospital located in Central Italy during the period of 1 November 2019-1 March 2020. Overall, the number of emergency room (ER) visits during the investigated period was 13,843. Of these, 1208 had an influenza-like syndrome, but only 166 matched the definition of SARI as stated in the study protocol. A total of 52 SARI cases were laboratory confirmed as influenza: 26 as a type B virus, 25 as a type A, and 1 as both viruses. Although about 17% of the total sample had laboratory or radiological data compatible with COVID-19, all the nasopharyngeal swabs stored underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and tested negative. Based on our result, it is confirmed that the COVID-19 pandemic spread did not start prior to the "official" onset in central Italy. Routine monitoring of SARI causative agents at the local level is critical for reporting epidemiologic and etiologic trends that may differ from one country to another and also among different influenza seasons. This has a practical impact on prevention and control strategies.
Long‐term follow‐up after recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation in 100 patients (2006)

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only effective curative therapy for end-stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Survival after OLT is excellent, although recent data have shown a recurrence rate of PBC of up to 32% after transplantation. The aim of this study is to investigate the course after disease recurrence, particularly with regard to liver function and survival in a long-term follow-up. Between April 1989 and April 2003, 1,553 liver transplantations were performed in 1,415 patients at the Charité, Virchow Clinic. Protocol liver biopsies were taken after one, three, five, seven, 10 and 13 yr. One hundred (7%) patients suffered from histologically proven PBC. Primary immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine (n = 54) or tacrolimus (Tac) (n = 46). Immediately after OLT, all patients received ursodeoxycholic acid. Corticosteroids were withdrawn three to six months after OLT. The median age of the 85 women and 15 men was 55 yr (range 25-66 yr). The median follow-up after liver transplantation was 118 months (range 16-187 months) and after recurrence 30 months (range 4-79 months). Actuarial patient survival after five, 10 and 15 yr was 87, 84 and 82% respectively. Ten patients (10%) died after a median survival time of 32 months. Two of these patients developed organ dysfunction owing to recurrence of PBC. Histological recurrence was found in 14 patients (14%) after a median time of 61 months (range 36-122 months). Patients with Tac immunosuppression developed PBC recurrence more often (p < 0.05) and also earlier (p < 0.05). Fifty-seven patients developed an acute rejection and two patients a chronic rejection episode. Liver function did not alter within the first five yr after histologically proven PBC recurrence. Multivariate analysis of the investigated patients showed that the recipient's age and Tac immunosuppression were significant risk factors for PBC recurrence. Long-term follow-up of up to 15 yr after liver transplantation, owing to PBC, in addition to maintenance of liver function, shows excellent organ and patient survival rates. Although protocol liver biopsies revealed histological recurrence in 14 (14%) patients, only two patients developed graft dysfunction. Tac-treated patients showed more frequently and also earlier histologically proven PBC recurrence; however, in our population we could not observe an impact on graft dysfunction and patient's survival.
Distinct B-cell lineage commitment distinguishes adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (2012)

The question of whether a single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gives rise to all of the B-cell subsets [B-1a, B-1b, B-2, and marginal zone (MZ) B cells] in the mouse has been discussed for many years without resolution. Studies here finally demonstrate that individual HSCs sorted from adult bone marrow and transferred to lethally irradiated recipients clearly give rise to B-2, MZ B, and B-1b, but does not detectably reconstitute B-1a cells. These findings place B-2, MZ, and B-1b in a single adult developmental lineage and place B-1a in a separate lineage derived from HSCs that are rare or missing in adults. We discuss these findings with respect to known developmental heterogeneity in other HSC-derived lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid lineages, and how HSC developmental heterogeneity conforms to the layered model of the evolution of the immune system that we proposed some years ago. In addition, of importance to contemporary medicine, we consider the implications that HSC developmental heterogeneity may have for selecting HSC sources for human transplantation.
Transgastric NOTES partial cystectomy: A novel pure NOTES approach in a porcine model (2008)

Sawyer, Mark D. MD; Cherullo, Edward E. MD; Elmunzer, Joseph B. MD; Ponsky, Lee E. MD Author Information
3D Printed, PVA–PAA Hydrogel Loaded-Polycaprolactone Scaffold for the Delivery of Hydrophilic In-Situ Formed Sodium Indomethacin (2018)

3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL)-blended scaffolds have been designed, prepared, and evaluated in vitro in this study prior to the incorporation of a polyvinyl alcohol⁻polyacrylic acid (PVA⁻PAA) hydrogel for the delivery of in situ-formed sodium indomethacin. The prepared PCL⁻PVA⁻PAA scaffold is proposed as a potential structural support system for load-bearing tissue damage where inflammation is prevalent. Uniaxial strain testing of the PCL-blended scaffolds were undertaken to determine the scaffold&rsquo;s resistance to strain in addition to its thermal, structural, and porosimetric properties. The viscoelastic properties of the incorporated PVA⁻PAA hydrogel has also been determined, as well as the drug release profile of the PCL⁻PVA⁻PAA scaffold. Results of these analyses noted the structural strength, thermal stability, and porosimetric properties of the scaffold, as well as the ability of the PCL⁻PVA⁻PAA scaffold to deliver sodium indomethacin in simulated physiological conditions of pH and temperature. The results of this study therefore highlight the successful design, fabrication, and in vitro evaluation of a 3D printed polymeric strain-resistant supportive platform for the delivery of sodium indomethacin.
Back to the future: how human induced pluripotent stem cells will transform regenerative medicine (2013)

Based on cloning studies in mammals, all adult human cells theoretically contain DNA that is capable of creating a whole new person. Cells are maintained in their differentiated state by selectively activating some genes and silencing. The dogma until recently was that cell differentiation was largely fixed unless exposed to the environment of an activated oocyte. However, it is now possible to activate primitive pluripotent genes within adult human cells that take them back in time to a pluripotent state (termed induced pluripotent stem cells). This technology has grown at an exponential rate over the past few years, culminating in the Nobel Prize in medicine. Discussed here are recent developments in the field as they relate to regenerative medicine, with an emphasis on creating functional cells, editing their genome, autologous transplantation and how this ground-breaking field may eventually impact human aging.
TheStreptococcus suisfactor H-binding protein: A key to unlocking the blood-brain barrier and access the central nervous system? (2017)

This article refers to:Interaction of factor H-binding protein of Streptococcus suis with globotriaosylceramide promotes the development of meningitis
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Arylation and α‐Vinylation of Oxindoles Facilitated by an Axially Chiral P‐Stereogenic Ligand. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of antihypertensive therapy on ventricular-arterial mechanics, coupling, and efficiency (2012)

Antihypertensive therapy reduces arterial and ventricular stiffness, enhances ventricular-arterial coupling, reduces cardiac work, and improves LV efficiency, systolic, and diastolic function. Attenuated responses in women and among obese subjects suggest that structure-function changes may be less reversible in these groups, possibly explaining their greater susceptibility to ultimately develop heart failure.
Properly Designed Modular Asymmetric Synthesis for Enantiopure Sulfinamide Auxiliaries from N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐oxathiazolidine‐2‐oxide Agents. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Influence of Emdogain<sup>®</sup> Treatment onto K<sub>2</sub>O Incorporated Calcium Metaphosphate on Osteogenic Activation (2005)

As a part of the efforts to develop a suitable scaffold optimizing bone regeneration that has similar physical properties to bone, we modified calcium metaphosphate (CMP) ceramics with K2O and evaluated their efficiency as a scaffold for tissue engineered bone tissue regeneration. Macroporous CMP ceramics modified by incorporation of 5% K2O to improve biodegradability were prepared to have 250 and 450 µm average pore sizes, respectively. The modified CMP ceramics were cultured with mouse primary calvarial osteoblastic cells in osteogenic media for 2 weeks and these cell-CMP ceramic constructs with or without Emdogain treatment were implanted in the SCID mice subcutaneous pouches. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks, the degree of ectopic bone formation was evaluated. The modified macroporous CMP ceramic-cell constructs treated with Emdogain induced ectopic bone formation, whereas the modified CMP ceramic-cell constructs without Emdogain treatment induced no ectopic bone formation. This result suggests that the Emdogain treatment on cell-scaffold constructs for tissue engineered bone regeneration may be effective for osteogenic activation of attached cells.
Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer (Breast Cancer Research and Treatment DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9632-6) (2020)

Risk factors for the newly identified “intrinsic” breast cancer subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, basal-like and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive/estrogen receptor-negative) were determined in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case–control study of African-American and white women. Immunohistochemical markers were used to subtype 1,424 cases of invasive and in situ breast cancer, and case subtypes were compared to 2,022 controls. Luminal A, the most common subtype, exhibited risk factors typically reported for breast cancer in previous studies, including inverse associations for increased parity and younger age at first full-term pregnancy. Basal-like cases exhibited several associations that were opposite to those observed for luminal A, including increased risk for parity and younger age at first term full-term pregnancy. Longer duration breastfeeding, increasing number of children breastfed, and increasing number of months breastfeeding per child were each associated with reduced risk of basal-like breast cancer, but not luminal A. Women with multiple live births who did not breastfeed and women who used medications to suppress lactation were at increased risk of basal-like, but not luminal A, breast cancer. Elevated waist-hip ratio was associated with increased risk of luminal A in postmenopausal women, and increased risk of basal-like breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women. The prevalence of basal-like breast cancer was highest among premenopausal African-American women, who also showed the highest prevalence of basal-like risk factors. Among younger African-American women, we estimate that up to 68% of basal-like breast cancer could be prevented by promoting breastfeeding and reducing abdominal adiposity.
Structure of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type D Light Chain at 1.65 Å Resolution:  Repercussions for VAMP-2 Substrate Specificity, (2006)

The seven serotypes (A-G) of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) function through their proteolytic cleavage of one of three proteins (SNAP-25, Syntaxin, and VAMP) that form the SNARE complex required for synaptic vesicle fusion. The different BoNTs have very specific protease recognition requirements, between 15 and 50 amino acids in length depending on the serotype. However, the structural details involved in substrate recognition remain largely unknown. Here is reported the 1.65 A resolution crystal structure of the catalytic domain of BoNT serotype D (BoNT/D-LC), providing insight into the protein-protein binding interaction and final proteolysis of VAMP-2. Structural analysis has identified a hydrophobic pocket potentially involved in substrate recognition of the P1' VAMP residue (Leu 60) and a second remote site for recognition of the V1 SNARE motif that is critical for activity. A structural comparison of BoNT/D-LC with BoNT/F-LC that also recognizes VAMP-2 one residue away from the BoNT/D-LC site provides additional molecular details about the unique serotype specific activities. In particular, BoNT/D prefers a hydrophobic interaction for the V1 motif of VAMP-2, while BoNT/F adopts a more hydrophilic strategy for recognition of the same V1 motif.
Clinical development of NF&kappa;B decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (2010)

近年，核酸医薬品が次世代の分子標的薬として注目され，様々な疾患の分子レベルでの機構解明を目的とした研究に基づき，その有効性が検証され臨床応用への期待が高まっている．DDSを適用し，目的とする臓器・組織へ送達，標的分子に作用させることにより，治療できる対象疾患が拡大されうるが，核酸医薬品の開発には，安全性および品質の確保という観点で，低分子化学合成品にはない留意点があり克服しなければならない．本稿では，NFκBデコイオリゴヌクレオチドの開発を中心に，核酸医薬品の開発上の課題とDDS技術適用の試みを紹介する．
Thermal Effects in the High-Speed Switching of the Magnetization of Fine Grains (2003)

A numerical study of thermal effects on the high-speed switching of the magnetization of perpendicular recording media is presented. The Langevin equation is solved numerically to determine the magnetic response of a single grain during motion through the field profile of a single pole head. We evaluate the effective time of the thermal relaxation process and the thermal reduction of the write coercivity. A transition from thermally activated to dynamic reversal occurs at some critical value v1 of the relative head-medium velocity. In the thermal regime (v<v1), the gyromagnetic precession enhances the energy barrier of reversal. In the dynamic reversal regime (v>v1), the thermal reduction of the write coercivity is independent of the velocity.
Photochemical and thermal transformations of 2(3H)-furanones and bis(benzofuranones). A laser flash photolysis study (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical and thermal transformations of 2(3H)-furanones and bis(benzofuranones). A laser flash photolysis studyB. B. Lohray, C. V. Kumar, P. K. Das, and M. V. GeorgeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 24, 7352–7359Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00336a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00336a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A view of the current status of antisickling therapy (1976)

Abstract About 5‐10 years ago it became popular to say that we understood the genetic and molecular basis for sickle cell anemia better than for any other disease and yet had no effective treatment. It was correctly pointed out that very little money was being spent at that time on sickle cell research relative to diseases of equal frequency which occur primarily in whites. The implication was that this contemporary financial and scientific neglect of the disease was a major reason for the lack of an adequate therapeutic approach. In the succeeding years a significant incremental amount of money was spent on sickle cell research, yet we still have no widely accepted antisickling* agent to offer sickle cell anemia patients. Sickle cell anemia has proven to be a formidable foe. These days, I hear molecular biologists frequently saying that if we could simply better understand the molecular mechanisms of sickle hemoglobin polymerization, we could surely design a drug which would be effective in preventing that process and would then have a therapy to offer patients. If the implication is that we should make our strongest efforts in the direction of hemoglobin polymerization and antipolymerization studies, I tend to disagree. A recent new insight offers hope for a different approach to the disease, one involving the red cell membrane, which I will briefly review. But first I wish to briefly review recent efforts at therapy and deal with some thoughts on why the frontal assault on sickle hemoglobin itself has not worked and probably will not work, at least for the near future. Following the hypothesis of Murayama (1, 2) that polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin‐S molecules occurs because of hydrophobic bonding between molecules, Nalbandian et al. (3–5) began a search for agents which might interfere with this type of aggregation. They came up with urea and were able to show that urea inhibited and even reversed this area are in their infancy and need to be strongly pursued. Such a course, coupled with vigorous exploration of new insights into some of the complications of sickle cell anemia, may yet turn the tide in the not too distant future against this crippling disease.
The practical subtleties of biometric key generation (2008)

The inability of humans to generate and remember strong secrets makes it difficult for people to manage crypto-graphic keys. To address this problem, numerous pro-posals have been suggested to enable a human to repeat-ably generate a cryptographic key from her biometrics, where the strength of the key rests on the assumption that the measured biometrics have high entropy across the population. In this paper we show that, despite the fact that several researchers have examined the security of BKGs, the common techniques used to argue the se-curity of practical systems are lacking. To address this issue we reexamine two well known, yet sometimes mis-understood, security requirements. We also present an-other that we believe has not received adequate attention in the literature, but is essential for practical biometric key generators. To demonstrate that each requirement has significant importance, we analyze three published schemes, and point out deficiencies in each. For exam-ple, in one case we show that failing to meet a require-ment results in a construction where an attacker has a 22 % chance of finding ostensibly 43-bit keys on her first guess. In another we show how an attacker who com-promises a user’s cryptographic key can then infer that user’s biometric, thus revealing any other key generated using that biometric. We hope that by examining the pit-falls that occur continuously in the literature, we enable researchers and practitioners to more accurately analyze proposed constructions. 1
Narrow‐Width Dual‐Phase Power Rail (I‐type) (2017)

As an improved solution to the I-type power supply rail, as explained in the previous chapter, a dq I-type power supply rail is introduced in this chapter. The single-phase I-type power supply rail for on-line electric vehicles (OLEVs) has a very narrow power supply rail with 10 cm width and exposes pedestrians to a very low electromagnetic field due to its alternatively arranged magnetic poles along the driving direction of electric vehicles; however, it has a major drawback: sinusoidal variation of the induced pick-up voltage depending on pick-up positions on the power supply rail along the driving direction. To overcome this disadvantage, a dq-power supply rail fed by two high-frequency AC currents of the d-phase and q-phase is introduced in this chapter. The d-phase and q-phase magnetic poles are alternatively arranged in a line; hence, the induced voltage of a pick-up becomes spatially uniform. The power invariant characteristic of the proposed scheme has been verified by analysis, simulations, and experiments. A practical winding method is suggested as well. This chapter is based on the paper by C. Park, S. Lee, S.-Y. Jeong, G.H. Cho, and C.T. Rim, “Uniform power I-type inductive power transfer system with DQ-power supply rails for on-line electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 6446–6455, November 2015. Readers should gain much insight from the dq-power supply rail.
Supplementary Table 1 from BET Bromodomain Inhibition of <i>MYC</i>-Amplified Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 72K, Nanostring CNV of MB002 and MB004.&lt;/p&gt;