gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Ballistic Limit for IM7/8552 Using LS-DYNA MAT 261 (2018)

The goal of the NASA ACC High Energy Dynamic Impact Project is to determine the state of the art of dynamic fracture simulations for high velocity impact for composite fuselage shielding applications. Using a building block approach, several computational models considered under NASA ACC are being validated against test data, starting at unconfigured panels and progressing to configured panels under combined out-of-plane and in-plane loading due to ballistic impact. The computational models being evaluated in this project include MAT 162, MAT 213, MAT 261, SPG, and Peridynamics. In this paper, the simulation results using LS-Dyna Material MAT 261 are presented. In particular, a series of blind predictions for unconfigured panels were performed to determine the ballistic limit or V50 velocity. MAT 261 employs failure approach that is generally physically-based using fracture toughness criteria. The overall material model relies on typical ply-level stiffness properties, similar to MAT 162 and other composite continuum damage material models. The fracture toughness values are based on standard tests, and thus are not subject to extensive calibration. This approach is more efficient than performing extensive optimization studies for calibration of parameters. Also, this approach of relying on physical properties reduces the uncertainty of results, as questions concerning the quality and extent of the calibration studies is no longer relevant. However, it was found that carefully controlled coupon-level tests are needed to accurately obtain the required fracture toughness values. Additionally, it should be noted that there is one significant parameter in MAT 261 that does appear to require calibration, and that is the overall failure strain. This is the strain at which the element is deleted, and is not the same as the strain at which damage begins to accumulate. This failure strain is termed EFS (Effective Failure Strain), and is the maximum effective stain for element failure. Simulations have shown that this value will significantly affect impact response and failure. The paper presents the effect of this element failure strain parameter, along with possible uncertainties in fracture toughness values. With an adjusted appropriate value for EFS, it is seen that simulation results compare well with impact test data for predicted penetration velocity.
4 × 10 Gbit/s WDM transmission with remotepost and preamplifiers (1996)

A repeaterless 4 × 10 Gbit/s WDM transmission with remotely pumped post and preamplifiers pumped by standard semiconductor lasers over nondispersion shifted fibres is demonstrated. The overall power budget of &gt;61 dB results in a span length of 254 km, with mostly standard singlemode fibre.
Molecular Characterization of Glaesserella parasuis Strains Circulating in North American Swine Production Systems (2023)

Abstract Background Glaesserella parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs. Serotyping is the most common method used to type G. parasuis isolates. However, the high number of non-typables (NT) and low discriminatory power make serotyping problematic. In this study, 218 field clinical isolates and 15 G. parasuis reference strains were whole-genome sequenced (WGS). Multilocus sequence types (MLST), serotypes, core-genome phylogeny, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and putative virulence genes were determined. Results In silico WGS serotyping revealed 11 of 15 serotypes. The most frequently detected serotypes were 7, 13, 4, and 2. MLST identified 72 sequence types (STs) (66 novel). The most predominant ST was novel ST454. At least one group 1 vtaA virulence gene was observed in all isolates, except for serotype 8 (ST299 and ST406), 15 (ST408 and ST552) and NT (ST448). A few group 1 vtaA genes were significantly associated with certain serotypes or STs. Core-genome phylogeny depicted 3 primary lineages (LI, LII, and LIII), with LIIIA sublineage isolates lacking all vtaA genes. Conclusion This study showed the use of WGS to type G. parasuis isolates and can be considered an alternative to the more labor-intensive and traditional serotyping and standard MLST. Core-genome phylogeny provided the best strain discrimination. The presence of other putative virulence factors and AMR genes was also explored. These findings will lead to a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and virulence in G. parasuis that can be applied to the future development of diagnostic tools, autogenous vaccines, evaluation of antibiotic use, prevention, and disease control.
Small-scale clumping of dark matter and the mean free path of ionizing photons at $z=6$ (2022)

Recently, the mean free path of ionizing photons in the $z = 6$ intergalactic medium (IGM) was measured to be very short, presenting a challenge to existing reionization models. At face value, the measurement can be interpreted as evidence that the IGM clumps on scales $M\lesssim 10^8$ M$_\odot$, a key but largely untested prediction of the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. Motivated by this possibility, we study the role that the underlying dark matter cosmology plays in setting the $z &gt; 5$ mean free path. We use two classes of models to contrast against the standard CDM prediction: (1) thermal relic warm dark matter (WDM), representing models with suppressed small-scale power; (2) an ultralight axion exhibiting a white noise-like power enhancement. Differences in the mean free path between the WDM and CDM models are subdued by pressure smoothing and the possible contribution of neutral islands to the IGM opacity. For example, comparing late reionization scenarios with a fixed volume-weighted mean neutral fraction of $20\%$ at $z=6$, the mean free path is $19~(45)~\%$ longer in a WDM model with $m_x = 3~(1)$ keV. The enhanced power in the axion-like model produces better agreement with the short mean free path measured at $z = 6$. However, drawing robust conclusions about cosmology is hampered by large uncertainties in the reionization process, extragalactic ionizing background, and thermal history of the Universe. This work highlights some key open questions about the IGM opacity during reionization.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐2‐cycloalken‐1‐ones and an Evaluation of Their Liquid Crystalline Properties. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Making optical MEMS sensors more compact using organic light sources and detectors (2014)

Vibration and displacement sensors need to be compact for many applications in automation or consumer electronics, and microelectromechanical structures are a convenient way to implement such sensors. For these MEMS devices, optical readout methods have proven to be superior to capacitive or piezoresistive strategies in terms of sensitivity as well as noise and interference immunity, however the integration of light sources and detectors is not easily possible. This paper presents an approach to use organic optoelectronic devices for the readout. OLED and OPD (organic photo detector) are structured on the glass substrate and cover encapsulating the MEMS devices, allowing for a tightly integrated sensor based on vertical light flux modulation by a horizontally moving proof mass. The paper describes the principle sensor structure as well as the fabrication of suitable organic devices. First test results show that the approach is feasible.
Nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control of active suspensions (2001)

A nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control law based on a quadratic and quartic cost function is developed, and applied to a quarter-car, two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model. For small disturbances, the performance is similar to the system controlled by the linear H/sub /spl infin// controller, but for large disturbances, the suspension travel and wheel hop are reduced at the expense of larger body acceleration. When the vehicle strikes isolated large bumps, the nonlinear suspension provides a safer ride at the expense of higher car body acceleration and decreased ride quality.
Lecithinized ascorbic acid (PC-AS) effectively inhibits murine pulmonary metastasis. (1999)

In order to enhance the lipophilicity and develop the efficacy of ascorbic acid (ASA), we synthesized lecithinized ascorbic acid (PC-AS), in which a lecithin was covalently bound to ASA. Its pharmacological activity was also evaluated. The IC50 value of scavenge superoxide anions generated from hypoxanthine in combination with xanthine oxidase, indicated that the antioxidative activity of PC-AS (IC50; 22.19 microM) was about 60% of that shown by ASA (IC50; 13.35 microM). Also, PC-AS suppressed in vitro cell growth of Meth A-T, a highly metastatic cell line established by us. Although its potency (IC50; 110.0 microM) was a little lower than that of ASA, dramatic suppression was observed under serum-free culture conditions (IC50; 13.0 microM). In addition, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, showed an additive inhibitory effect on cell growth in combination with PC-AS and ASA. Biodistribution studies revealed that PC-AS persisted longer in the blood (AUC0-240 min; 182.8 nmole min ml-1) than ASA (AUC0-240 min; 79.35 nmole min ml-1). It should be noted that intravenous preadministration of PC-AS significantly and dose-dependently reduced the number of colony formation in an experimental murine pulmonary metastasis model. ASA had little effect. [3H]-labeled Meth A-T cells predominantly accumulated in the lung, metastatic target organ, which was reduced by PC-AS. Our in vivo study showed that PC-AS could not totally prevent pulmonary invasion of Meth A-T cells, however, PC-AS effectively inhibited the number of metastatic colony formation. PC-AS's potency was superior to that of unmodified ASA. These findings might be in part ascribed to changes to lecithinization-induced biodistribution, antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity.
Channel Estimation with One-Bit Transceivers in a Rayleigh Environment (2019)

One-bit transceivers with strongly nonlinear characteristics are being considered for wireless communication because of their low cost and low power consumption. Although each such transceiver can support only a low data rate, multiple such transceivers can be used to obtain an aggregate high data rate. An important part of many communication systems is the process of channel estimation, which is particularly challenging when the estimation process uses these transceivers. The standard analysis of estimation mean-square error versus training length that is available for linear transceivers does not apply with the nonlinearities inherent in one-bit transceivers. We analyze the training requirements in a large- scale system and show that the optimal number of training symbols strongly depends on the number of receivers, and the optimal number of training symbols can be significantly smaller than the number of transmitters. These results contrast sharply with classical results obtained with linear transceivers.
[1,2]‐Rearrangement of Imino‐N‐heterocyclic Carbenes − Synthesis and Structures of Chelating Iminoimidazole Pd and Ni Complexes (2004)

Abstract Imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts with an N ‐iminoyl and an N′ ‐alkyl group are potential precursors for new bidentate [ N , C ] ligands which are of interest as novel steering ligands for applications of their metal complexes in homogeneous catalysis. Deprotonation of these azolium salts with potassium hydride does indeed occur, however, the initially formed imino‐ N ‐heterocyclic carbenes rearrange spontaneously under migration of the N ‐iminoyl group from the nitrogen to the former carbene carbon with the formation of 2‐iminoyl(benz)imidazoles. These rearranged compounds are new [ N , N ] ligand systems, which can also be synthesized by aluminum‐assisted condensation of anilines with the corresponding 2‐acylimidazoles. Palladium and nickel [ N , N ] complexes have been prepared, characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, and briefly evaluated for their catalytic performance in ethylene polymerizations and in Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Nonlinear optical properties of an organic film formed of dye aggregates with absorption in the telecommunication wavelength range (2004)

An organic film formed of newly synthesized dye aggregates with an absorption peak in telecommunication wavelength range exhibited large third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) and fast recovery of bleached absorption. A derivative with a di(benzofuranonyl)methanolate structure forms stable aggregates in a spin-coated film and shows an absorption maximum at 1.24 μm. An imaginary part χI(3) of the film assumes a maximum at 1.30 μm, which is −0.83×10−7 esu. The time evolution of differential transmission spectra indicates that the time constant of the recovery of bleached absorption is 80–240 fs for a fast component and 2.2–6.5 ps for a slow one. This organic film has considerable advantages for future planar optical devices.
Abstract 13834: Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (NNT) Regulates Oxldl Induced Endothelial Activation (2019)

Endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis and increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an important contributor to endoth...
Effects of density and electric field on positron annihilation in methane gas (1985)

Positronium yields and the annihilation rates of free positrons and orthopositronium have been measured as functions of density and electric field in methane gas at room temperature. Positronium yields and Zeff show complex dependences on density. Positronium yields were measured at three different densities and were found to decrease with increasing electric fields. For the range of electric fields investigated, the annihilation rates are independent of the applied field. These results are discussed in terms of current models.
Systemic α-MSH suppresses LPS fever via central melanocortin receptors independently of its suppression of corticosterone and IL-6 release (1998)

Systemically administered α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) inhibits endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS)- or interleukin (IL)-1-induced fever and adrenocortical activation, but the sites of these actions and the mechanisms involved are unknown. The aims of this study were, first, to determine whether melanocortin receptors (MCR) located within the central nervous system mediate the suppressive effects of peripherally administered α-MSH on LPS-induced fever and activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis and, second, to determine whether systemic α-MSH suppresses the LPS-induced rise in plasma IL-6 levels, potentially contributing to its antipyretic effect. Male rats received Escherichia coli LPS (25 μg/kg ip). Core body temperatures (T b ) were determined hourly by radiotelemetry (0–8 h), and blood was withdrawn via venous catheters for plasma hormone immunoassays (0–2 h) and IL-6 bioassay (0–8 h). α-MSH (100 μg/kg ip) completely prevented the onset of LPS-induced fever during the first 3–4 h after LPS and suppressed fever throughout the next 4 h but did not affect T b in afebrile rats treated with intraperitoneal saline rather than LPS. Intraperitoneal α-MSH also suppressed the LPS-induced rise in plasma IL-6, ACTH, and corticosterone (CS) levels. Intracerebroventricular injection of SHU-9119, a potent melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R)/MC3-R antagonist, completely blocked the antipyretic effect of intraperitoneal α-MSH during the first 4 h after LPS but had no effect on α-MSH-induced suppression of LPS-stimulated plasma IL-6 and CS levels. Taken together, the results indicate that the antipyretic effect of peripherally administered α-MSH during the early phase of fever is mediated by MCR within the brain. In contrast, the inhibition of LPS-induced increases in plasma CS and IL-6 levels by intraperitoneal α-MSH appears to be mediated by a different mechanism(s), and these effects do not contribute to its antipyretic action.
Internet-Based Cervical Cancer Screening Program (2008)

Abstract : This project explores the combination of computerized automated primary screening of cervical cytology specimens in remote sites with interpretation of device-selected images transmitted via the Internet. The project is in 3 phases: 1) hardware/software and interface development and end user training with a 200 case pilot study; 2) a 500 case prospective pilot study with hardware/software adjustment with the development of clinically applicable specimen triage and management guidelines; and 3) a 5000 case prospective clinical trial of the completed system with report and development of a training and operation manual. During this report pedod phase 2 patient accrual was completed at the Massachusetts General and Walter Reed sites. Modifications to the image acquisition and reading/reporting software have been completed. All phase 2 patients have been entered into the system and are ready for reading (which will take place by July 2008). Preliminary planning for phase 3 is near complete with IRB submissions planned for summer 2008.
Domain Adaptation for Online ECG Monitoring (2017)

Successful ECG monitoring algorithms often rely on learned models to describe the heartbeats morphology. Unfortunately, when the heart rate increases the heartbeats get transformed, and a model that can properly describe the heartbeats of a specific user in resting conditions might not be appropriate for monitoring the same user during everyday activities. We model heartbeats by dictionaries yielding sparse representations and propose a novel domain-adaptation solution which transforms user-specific dictionaries according to the heart rate. In particular, we learn suitable linear transformations from a large dataset containing ECG tracings, and we show that these transformations can successfully adapt dictionaries when the heart rate changes. Remarkably, the same transformations can be used for multiple users and different sensing apparatus. We investigate the implications of our findings in ECG monitoring by wearable devices, and present an efficient implementation of an anomaly-detection algorithm leveraging such transformations.
New technological developments in laser cladding (1993)

In laser cladding the wear and corrosion properties of metallic surfaces are modified by the addition of hardfacing alloys. The aim of the cladding process consists in obtaining a homogeneous surface layer with a strong metallurgical bond to the substrate and only a low degree of dilution. The process usually involves the delivery of fine grained alloy powders directly into the melt pool during the laser irradiation [1,2]. This method of laser cladding is widespread and very flexible but there are still some technological problems which have to be solved.
Hole-Transport Layers for Polymer Light-Emitting Devices (2007)

The performance of polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) is strongly dependent upon the oxidation of the polymer (hole injection) that takes place at the anode. It is generally found that buffering the emitting layer from the metal oxide based electrode leads to enhancements in device performance. These hole injection layers (HILs) need to be chemically stable and mechanically durable. The dominantly used HILs are oxidized conducting polymers and the formulations generally include Brønstead acid groups that can degrade the emitting polymers. These materials avoid this acidic character.
Recombinant Interferon-γ Stimulates the Production of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor In Vitro (1987)

Human peripheral blood monocytes in culture secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which can be detected with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. When recombinant human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) is added to cultured cells, TNF production is increased. rIFN-gamma is also able to sustain the elevated production level of TNF over a 4-day period. Recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha) was unable to stimulate increased TNF production. Unstimulated mononuclear phagocytes and rIFN-alpha-treated cells decreased secretion of TNF over a 4-day interval. The stimulatory effect of rIFN-gamma was dose dependent and required both new RNA and protein synthesis and was independent of endotoxin in the tissue culture medium.
Multi-basis adaptive neural network for rapid adaptation in speech recognition (2015)

Recent progress in acoustic modeling with deep neural network has significantly improved the performance of automatic speech recognition systems. However, it remains as an open problem how to rapidly adapt these networks with limited, unsupervised, data. Most existing methods to adapt a neural network involve modifying a large number of parameters thus rapid adaptation is not possible with these schemes. In this paper, the multi-basis adaptive neural network is proposed, a new neural network configuration which only requires very few parameters for adaptation. By modifying the topology of a single multi-layer perception, a set of sub-networks with restricted connectivity are introduced to collaboratively capture different acoustic properties. The outputs of those sub-networks are combined by speaker-dependent interpolation weights. In addition, the complete system can be optimized in an adaptive training fashion when non-homogeneous training data are used. The performance of unsupervised adaptation is evaluated on two datasets. It outperforms the speaker-independent hybrid DNN-HMM baseline both on the Broadcast News English and the AURORA-4 tasks.
Structural basis for mutual relief of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK2 and its partner ELMO1 from their autoinhibited forms (2012)

DOCK2, a hematopoietic cell-specific, atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor, controls lymphocyte migration through ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) activation. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2-engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (DOCK2•ELMO1) complex formation is required for DOCK2-mediated Rac signaling. In this study, we identified the N-terminal 177-residue fragment and the C-terminal 196-residue fragment of human DOCK2 and ELMO1, respectively, as the mutual binding regions, and solved the crystal structure of their complex at 2.1-Å resolution. The C-terminal Pro-rich tail of ELMO1 winds around the Src-homology 3 domain of DOCK2, and an intermolecular five-helix bundle is formed. Overall, the entire regions of both DOCK2 and ELMO1 assemble to create a rigid structure, which is required for the DOCK2•ELMO1 binding, as revealed by mutagenesis. Intriguingly, the DOCK2•ELMO1 interface hydrophobically buries a residue which, when mutated, reportedly relieves DOCK180 from autoinhibition. We demonstrated that the ELMO-interacting region and the DOCK-homology region 2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain of DOCK2 associate with each other for the autoinhibition, and that the assembly with ELMO1 weakens the interaction, relieving DOCK2 from the autoinhibition. The interactions between the N- and C-terminal regions of ELMO1 reportedly cause its autoinhibition, and binding with a DOCK protein relieves the autoinhibition for ras homolog gene family, member G binding and membrane localization. In fact, the DOCK2•ELMO1 interface also buries the ELMO1 residues required for the autoinhibition within the hydrophobic core of the helix bundle. Therefore, the present complex structure reveals the structural basis by which DOCK2 and ELMO1 mutually relieve their autoinhibition for the activation of Rac1 for lymphocyte chemotaxis.
Cloning and sequencing of Escherichia coli mutR shows its identity to topB, encoding topoisomerase III (1992)

We have cloned and sequenced the mutR gene from Escherichia coli, which results in an increased frequency of spontaneous deletions, by using a strain carrying a Tn10 derivative inserted into mutR. The analysis of 1,286 bp of mutR sequence shows that this gene is identical to the topB gene, which encodes topoisomerase III. The increased deletion formation is the first reported phenotype for cells lacking topoisomerase III, and this suggests that topoisomerase III is involved in reactions that normally reduce the levels of spontaneous deletions.