gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically small antenna with frequency tuning circuit for wideband applications (2007)

Abstract This study proposes the concept of frequency tuning for an electrically small antenna to be used in wideband applications in low frequencies. An electrically small antenna has too narrow bandwidth to be utilized for wideband systems. However, in such mobile TV services that the band is composed of each sub channel in VHF band, the narrow bandwidth can be appropriately utilized with wideband frequency tuning. That is, each service channel is covered by the narrow resonant band of a small sized radiator and the entire service band is satisfied by moving its frequency. To prove the idea of this study, a small helical antenna with the size of less than λ/10 is chosen as a sample and the T‐DMB service, a kind of the mobile TV services allocated to 200‐MHz band, is selected for testing. With the designed tuning circuit constituted of lumped elements and a varactor, a low impedance of the small radiator is matched to about 50 Ω and the wide bandwidth is satisfied by moving its narrow resonant frequency. The validity of the proposed antenna is also proved by the receiving measured result. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 244–247, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23049
Additive Packaging for Microwave Applications (2017)

Abstract This paper describes efforts to apply Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies to microelectronic packaging of devices and subsystems for RF and microwave applications. This work, which was conducted at the Raytheon-University of Massachusetts Lowell Research Institute (RURI), is directed at a variety of applications such as 2D and 3D phased array antennas and tunable frequency selective surfaces (FSS). This paper will describe research on device modeling/simulation, formulation of novel functional inks, development of process/printing technologies and new material characterization techniques. Important elements of the additive packaging efforts include the integration of active die with printed components, replacement of wire bonds with printed chip interconnects and the development of integrated, printed connectors. Research on printed, tunable microwave components, such as varactors and phase shifters, are also discussed.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Imaging Pharmacodynamics of the α-Folate Receptor–Targeted Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor BGC 945 (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Imaging Pharmacodynamics of the α-Folate Receptor–Targeted Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor BGC 945
Reconstruction of Submesoscale Velocity Field from Surface Drifters (2019)

Abstract The extensive drifter deployment during the Lagrangian Submesoscale Experiment (LASER) provided observations of the surface velocity field in the northern Gulf of Mexico with high resolution in space and time. Here, we estimate the submesoscale velocity field sampled by those drifters using a procedure that statistically interpolates these data both spatially and temporally. Because the spacing of the drifters evolves with the flow, causing the resolution that they provide to vary in space and time, it is important to be able to characterize where and when the estimated velocity field is more or less accurate, which we do by providing fields of interpolation errors. Our interpolation uses a squared-exponential covariance function characterizing correlations in latitude, longitude, and time. Two novelties in our approach are 1) the use of two scales of variation per dimension in the covariance function and 2) allowing the data to determine these scales along with the appropriate amplitude of observational noise at these scales. We present the evolution of the reconstructed velocity field along with maps of relative vorticity, horizontal divergence, and lateral strain rate. The reconstructed velocity field exhibits horizontal length scales of 0.4–3.5 km and time scales of 0.6–3 h, and features with convergence up to 8 times the planetary vorticity f , lateral strain rate up to 10 f , and relative vorticity up to 13 f . Our results point to the existence of a vigorous and substantial ageostrophic circulation in the submesoscale range.
Evaluation of 2.5 kV Silicon Carbide MOSFET for 1.5 kV Solar Inverter Application (2018)

1.5 kV DC link voltage has been a trend for the solar industry. Moving from 1 kV to 1.5 kV DC voltage can increase string length, enhance inverter conversion ability, increase array block sizes, and improve performance. Multilevel converters are the natural choices while the control becomes more complicated. If a simple two-level converter is adopted, the 1.7 kV device may not be applicable considering the voltage derating for certain failure rate. Therefore, devices with higher blocking voltage should be considered. This paper reports for the first time the performance characterization of 2.5 kV Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET. The potential application of this device for 1.5 kV solar inverter is also evaluated.
Distributed Media Transcoding Using a P2P Network of Set Top Boxes (2009)

P2P networks have traditionally been used as an enabler for distributed storage and file sharing. With consumer electronics (CE) devices becoming more complex, we can expect a P2P network of CE devices to enable sharing of other resources such as CPU cycles and memory for certain targeted applications. In this paper we present a technique which can enable a P2P network of set top boxes to achieve the computationally intensive task of video transcoding and streaming to other CE devices. We show how memory and CPU cycles can be shared in an optimal way using a 0-1 knapsack formulation.
Assessment of right ventricular contractile state with the conductance catheter technique in the pig (1995)

The conductance catheter provides a continuous measure of right ventricular volume that was used to detect changes in right ventricular contractile state in pigs. This represents a promising and much needed method for the evaluation of right ventricular function.
Nitrogen-Enriched Metallophthalocyanine/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for High-Energy Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitors in Aqueous Electrolytes (2012)

Abstract not Available.
RAT CD28 SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY: ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN ACTIVATION INDUCED CELL DEATH AND PREVENTION OF ACUTE VASCULARIZED CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1999)

501 Full activation of T cells requires two distinct signals. Signal one is provided by the engagement of the TCR with the MHC + antigenic peptide complex, while signal two is provided by the interaction of specific T cell costimulatory molecules with their ligands on antigen presenting cells. In particular, the CD28-B7 pathway plays a critical role in T cell costimulatory activation. Numerous studies indicate that B7 blockade by CTLA4Ig (which binds B7-1 and B7-2) or by anti-B7 monoclonal antibodies prevents allograft rejection and induces donor specific tolerance in some experimental models. The exact mechanisms of CD28-B7 blockade in vivo remain unclear, although anergy, deletion and a regulatory Th2 switch have all been proposed. More recently, studies in IL-2 gene knockout mice suggest that activation induced cell death (AICD) may be an important mechanism of action of B7 blockade in vivo. JJ319, a rat anti-CD28 specific monoclonal antibody, is known to costimulate T cell proliferation effectively in resting rat T cells, leading to subsequent IL-2 secretion (J Immunol 1995 154: 5121-5127). When it was added to a LEW×WF rat MLR culture, increased lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was noted. We then tested the effect of this antibody in the WF into LEW vascularized cardiac allograft model. LEW recipients received a single 0.5 mg iv injection of the antibody on day 0 or day 2 post-transplant. Graft survival is shown below: (Table)TableInterestingly, these findings demonstrate that administration of a single injection of a signaling anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody prevents acute allograft rejection and prolongs graft survival. Day 0 administration appears to be more effective than day 2. These observations suggest that CD28 costimulation may be responsible for enhanced IL-2 production. Since IL-2 is known to promote Fas-mediated activation induced cell death, this may explain the prolongation of graft survival. Understanding the mechanisms of action of signaling anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies in vivo may lead to the development of novel strategies that induce tolerance through specific deletion of alloreactive T cells in the periphery.
Performance analysis of a dual striping strategy for replicated disk arrays (2002)

Strategies for organizing the two copies of data in the context of database applications are compared. The effects of small and large stripe sizes on the performance of disk arrays with two active copies of data under a mixed workload of queries and transactions with a skewed access pattern are considered. A dual striping strategy which uses different stripe sizes for the two copies is proposed. An analytical performance model is devised for this scheme, and the results are shown to match well with simulation data. Comparison with uniform striping strategies shows that the dual striping scheme yields the most stable performance in a variety of workloads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sky Optimization: Semantically aware image processing of skies in low-light photography (2020)

The sky is a major component of the appearance of a photograph, and its color and tone can strongly influence the mood of a picture. In nighttime photography, the sky can also suffer from noise and color artifacts. For this reason, there is a strong desire to process the sky in isolation from the rest of the scene to achieve an optimal look. In this work, we propose an automated method, which can run as a part of a camera pipeline, for creating accurate sky alpha-masks and using them to improve the appearance of the sky. Our method performs end-to-end sky optimization in less than half a second per image on a mobile device. We introduce a method for creating an accurate sky-mask dataset that is based on partially annotated images that are inpainted and refined by our modified weighted guided filter. We use this dataset to train a neural network for semantic sky segmentation. Due to the compute and power constraints of mobile devices, sky segmentation is performed at a low image resolution. Our modified weighted guided filter is used for edge-aware upsampling to resize the alpha-mask to a higher resolution. With this detailed mask we automatically apply post-processing steps to the sky in isolation, such as automatic spatially varying white-balance, brightness adjustments, contrast enhancement, and noise reduction.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 3 from Predictors of Survival in Never-Smokers with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Large-Scale, Two-Phase Genetic Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 83k, Supplementary Table 1: Inflammation-related pathways selected in this study Supplementary Table 2: Effect of selected SNPs on survival in adenocarcinoma female patients Supplementary Table 3: Effect of selected SNPs on survival duration in patients with late-stage lung cancer Supplementary Table 4: Effect of selected SNPs on survival duration in patients by gender&lt;/p&gt;
Dependence on intrinsic strain of packaging-induced strain in quantum-well laser diodes (2004)

Intrinsic strain within quantum wells significantly influences interband energy shifts in diode lasers. We show that despite intrinsic strain, energy shifts permit quantitative determination of packaging-induced-strain configurations in commercial devices.
Phase II Study of Bortezomib in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia: Results of WMCTG Trial 03-248. (2005)

Abstract In this multi-center phase II study, 27 patients with the consensus panel definition of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia received bortezomib as a single agent. All but one patient had relapsed/or refractory disease, and the median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 0–3). Intended therapy consisted of 8 cycles of bortezomib at 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1,4,8,11. Twenty-six patients have completed therapy and are eligible for evaluation. The median age for this group was 62 (44–79 years) and baseline laboratories were as follows: serum IgM: 4,565 (1,067–9,330 mg/dl); bone marrow (BM) involvement 30% (1–95%); and hematocrit 34.9% (25.6–45.3%). Following a median of 6 cycles of therapy, serum IgM levels decreased in 25/26 patients to a median of 2,685 (125–5,650 mg/dl), while hematocrit rose in 20/26 patients to a median of 37.2% (30.9–46.3%). The overall response rate was 84.6%, with 11 and 11 patients achieving a minor (&amp;lt;25% decrease in IgM) and partial (&amp;lt;50% decrease in IgM) response, respectively, using consensus panel criteria. Post therapy bone marrow biopsies were not required for response determination, but were available for 8 patients who demonstrated a median decrease in bone marrow involvement from 37.5%(range 20–55%) to 17.5% (range 5–48%). However, in 3 of 8 patients discordance between serum IgM levels, bone marrow involvement and/or adenopathy was demonstrated including in one patient who demonstrated a decrease in serum IgM levels from 2,291 to 618 mg/dL whilst bone marrow involvement rose from 25% to 48%. With a median follow-up of 8 months, 10 patients have demonstrated progressive disease. In general, therapy was well tolerated with grade III/IV toxicities as follows: neutropenia (15%); sensory neuropathies (12%); thrombocytopenia (8%); pleural effusion (4%); neuropathic pain (4%); diarrhea (4%); infection (8%); anorexia (8%); and fatigue (4%). The results of these studies demonstrate that bortezomib is an active agent in the salvage setting for patients with WM, and may independent of direct tumor cell killing inhibit secretion of IgM in some patients. Moreover, BM biopsies and CT scans (if baseline adenopathy or splenomegaly were present) should be considered to assess response in WM patients receiving bortezomib. In view of these results, a phase II study of bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone and rituximab has been initiated in patients with WM.
Dissecting the PI3K Signaling Axis in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Novel Targets for Clinical Integration (2013)

Children with solid tumors represent a unique population. Recent improvements in pediatric solid tumor survival rates have been confined to low- and moderate-risk cancers, whereas minimal to no notable improvement in survival have been observed in high-risk and advanced-stage childhood tumors. Treatments for patients with advanced disease are rarely curative, and responses to therapy are often followed by relapse, which highlights the large unmet need for novel therapies. Recent advances in cancer treatment have focused on personalized therapy, whereby patients are treated with agents that best target the molecular drivers of their disease. Thus, a better understanding of the pathways that drive cancer or drug resistance is of critical importance. One such example is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is activated in many solid cancer patients and represents a target for therapy. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation has also been observed in tumors resistant to agents targeting upstream receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Agents that target this pathway have the potential to shut down survival pathways, and are being explored both in the setting of pathway-activating mutations and for their ability to restore sensitivity to upstream signaling targeted agents. Here, we examine the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in pediatric solid tumors, review the novel agents being explored to target this pathway, and explore the potential role of the inhibition of this pathway in the clinical development of these agents in children.
Galactoxylomannan-Mediated Immunological Paralysis Results from Specific B Cell Depletion in the Context of Widespread Immune System Damage (2009)

The mechanisms responsible for polysaccharide-induced immunological paralysis have remained unexplained almost a century after this phenomenon was first described. Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharides glucuronoxylomannan and galactoxylomannan (GalXM) elicit little or no Ab responses. This study investigates the immunological and biological effects of GalXM in mice. GalXM immunization elicits a state of immunological paralysis in mice characterized by the disappearance of Ab-producing cells in the spleen. Immunological paralysis and lack of immunogenicity could not be overcome by immunization with GalXM conjugated to a protein carrier, Bacillus anthracis protective Ag. Additionally, immunization with GalXM in either complete or IFA was associated with spleen enlargement in BALB/c mice. TUNEL and flow cytometry revealed widespread apoptosis in the spleen after GalXM administration. Administration of a cocktail of caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK and general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK or Fas-deficient mice abrogated the complete disappearance of Ab-producing cells. Analysis of spleen cytokine expression in response to GalXM systemic injection revealed that GalXM down-regulated the production of inflammatory cytokines. Hence, we conclude that GalXM-induced immune paralysis is a result of specific B cell depletion mediated by its proapoptotic properties in the context of widespread dysregulation of immune function.
Delivery and Protection of Adenoviruses Using Biocompatible Hydrogels for Localized Gene Therapy (2003)

Localized gene delivery for repair of bone defects requires appropriate carriers for the gene therapy vectors. The objective of this study was to determine if hydrogels can control temporal and spatial delivery of adenovirus for localized gene therapy. Adenovirus expressing beta-galactosidase was suspended in liquid or fibrin or collagen gels of varied concentrations and incubated prior to testing its bioactivity. The bioactivity of the virus was determined by exposing fibroblasts to the medium, the gels, or the elution medium from the gels. Bioactivity of adenovirus suspended in medium or collagen decreased to half-maximal activity after 15 h of incubation. In contrast, virus suspended in fibrin exhibited a threefold extension of bioactivity and did not reach half-maximal activity for 45 h. Bioactivity of adenovirus in hydrogels was determined to be a function of the gel concentration. In vivo experiments involved intramuscular implantation of BMP-7-expressing adenovirus in collagen, fibrin, or liquid in nude mice for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Bone formation was observed only after 4 weeks, with bone formation occurring in 80% of muscles implanted with fibrin or collagen and 50% of muscles implanted with liquid. Fibrin gel also led to significantly larger ossicles, indicating that fibrin may offer protection from loss of infectivity both in vivo and in vitro. These results demonstrated that hydrogels may be used as carriers to control delivery of the virus and resultant tissue regeneration.
High‐Resolution Patterning of Various Large‐Area, Highly Ordered Structural Motifs by Directional Photofluidization Lithography: Sub‐30‐nm Line, Ellipsoid, Rectangle, and Circle Arrays (2011)

Abstract A major challenge in nanolithography is to overcome the resolution limit of conventional patterning methods. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and convenient approach to generate sub‐30‐nm various structural motifs with precisely controlled sizes, shapes, and orientations. The proposed method, the “directional photofluidization” of an azopolymer, follows the same philosophy as a path‐changing approach, for example, thermal‐reflow of polymer arrays, in that post‐treatment simultaneously leads to a reduction of the feature sizes and line‐edge roughness (LER) of nanostructures. However, in contrast to thermal‐induced isotropic reflow, directional photofluidization provides unprecedented flexibility to control the structural features, because the direction of photofluidization can be arbitrary controlled according to the light polarization. Furthermore, this approach offers good control of the final features due to a gradual reduction in the rate of photofluidization during light irradiation. More importantly, the photofluidic behavior of the azopolymer significantly reduces the LER, and thus it can improve the quality of nanostructures. Finally, the far‐field process of directional photofluidization enables hierarchical nanofabrication, in contrast to mechanical contact fabrication, because the patterned light can reconfigure the polymer arrays selectively. Our approach is potentially advantageous for the fabrication of various structural motifs with well‐controlled dimensions on the nanoscale and with minimized LER.
Development and characterisation of 3D integration technologies for MEMS based on copper filled TSV's and copper-to-copper metal thermo compression bonding (2013)

3D integration technologies show increasing importance for high volume applications while realizing the smallest system dimensions at least. Therefore vertical interconnect and wafer bonding technologies were optimized and adapted to reach a high yield using quite narrow contact areas and bond frames. These technologies must enable mechanical stable bonding with high degree of strength, hermeticity, and an electrical connection from all layers of the stack to the next level.
Discovery, Optimization, and in Vivo Evaluation of Benzimidazole Derivatives AM-8508 and AM-9635 as Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors (2015)

Lead optimization efforts resulted in the discovery of two potent, selective, and orally bioavailable PI3Kδ inhibitors, 1 (AM-8508) and 2 (AM-9635), with good pharmacokinetic properties. The compounds inhibit B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated AKT phosphorylation (pAKT) in PI3Kδ-dependent in vitro cell based assays. These compounds which share a benzimidazole bicycle are effective when administered in vivo at unbound concentrations consistent with their in vitro cell potency as a consequence of improved unbound drug concentration with lower unbound clearance. Furthermore, the compounds demonstrated efficacy in a Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) study in rats, where the blockade of PI3Kδ activity by inhibitors 1 and 2 led to effective inhibition of antigen-specific IgG and IgM formation after immunization with KLH.
Sales-force performance analytics and optimization (2012)

We describe a quantitative analytics and optimization methodology designed to improve the efficiency and productivity of the IBM global sales force. This methodology is implemented and deployed via three company-wide initiatives, namely the Growth and Performance (GAP) program, the Territory Optimization Program (TOP), and the Coverage Optimization with Profitability (COP) initiative. GAP provides a set of analytical models to measure and optimize sales capacity and profitable sales growth. TOP develops a set of analytical models and methods for the analysis and optimization of assigning customers to sellers and other sales channels. COP provides additional recommendations on sales-coverage adjustment on the basis of an improved estimation of customer profit. We discuss these three programs in detail and describe how they work together to provide an analytics-driven transformation of the IBM global sales force to improve various sales metrics, such as revenue and cost.