gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopic Image Processing in the Classification and Quantitation of Human Glial Tumor Cell Properties (1982)

Cell lines derived from human glial tumors studied in vitro offer the opportunity for the study of a variety of the basic biological parameters of these cells as well as their specific reactions to different classes of chemotherapy and cellular and humoral immunological reagents. For example, it has been possible to show that there are both BCNU-resistant and sensitive glioma cell lines in vitro and that sensitive cells exhibit a series of shape and membrane changes not shown by resistant cells. In addition, use of human fibroblast interferon or superinduced-autologously-produced glioma cell interferon at 1CP - 104 units/ml causes a modest decrease in the growth rate of many glioma cell lines as well as more striking morphological changes suggestive of a tendency toward a more “differentiated” state.
Galvanometer Scanning for Optical Coherence Tomography (2016)

Galvanometer scanning was optimized for maximum duty cycle and distortion-free mosaic images in Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (GD-OCM). Mathematical models for sawtooth and triangular scanning were obtained and confirmed experimentally.
Seasonal reproduction in a fluctuating energy environment: Insolation-driven synchronized broadcast spawning in corals (2010)

Abstract Background/Question/Methods: Colonies of spawning corals reproduce in mass-spawning events, in which polyps within each colony release sperm and eggs for fertilization in the water column, with fertilization occurring only between gametes from different colonies. Participating colonies synchronize their gamete release to a window of a few hours once a year (for the species Acropora digitifera we study experimentally). This remarkable synchrony is essential for successful coral reproduction and thus, maintenance of the coral reef ecosystem that is currently under threat from local and global environmental effects such as pollution, global warming and ocean acidification. The mechanisms determining this tight synchrony in reproduction are not well understood, although several influences have been hypothesized and studied including lunar phase, solar insolation, and influences of temperature and tides. Moreover, most corals are in a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae (Symbiodinium spp.) that live within the host tissue. Experiments supported by detailed bioenergetic modeling of the coral-algae symbiosis have shown that corals receive &gt;90% of their energy needs from these symbionts. We develop a bioenergetic integrate-and-fire model in order to investigate whether annual insolation rhythms can entrain the gametogenetic cycles that produce mature gametes to the appropriate spawning season, since photosynthate is their primary source of energy. We solve the integrate-and-fire bioenergetic model numerically using the Fokker-Planck equation and use analytical tools such as rotation number to study entrainment. Results/Conclusions: In the presence of short-term fluctuations in the energy input, our model shows that a feedback regulatory mechanism is required to achieve coherence of spawning times to within one lunar cycle, in order for subsequent cues such as lunar and diurnal light cycles to unambiguously determine the “correct” night of spawning. Entrainment to the annual insolation cycle is by itself not sufficient to produce the observed coherence in spawning. The feedback mechanism can also provide robustness against population heterogeneity due to genetic and environmental effects. We also discuss how such bioenergetic, stochastic, integrate-and-fire models are also more generally applicable: for example to aquatic insect emergence, synchrony in cell division and masting in trees.
Historical Study of Societal Transformations in the Extended Indian Ocean Realm (2018)

Abstract Western historiography placed the indigenous Asia beyond the court political centers and the most commercially prominent ports-of-trade in the background of an exogenous (colonial) foreground. Western historical research from the sixteenth century onward privileged selected aspects and voices of the exogenous, focusing on the Arabic and Persian Middle East, India, China, and the West, represented from the nineteenth century onward by the terms Islamization, Indianization, Sinification, and Westernization. Today, historians who study the Indian Ocean give “agency” to things indigenous when they are juxtaposed to things exogenous. Local activities, events, beliefs, institutions, communities, individuals, and historical narratives are emphasized, given weight, and “privileged” over dependency on the exogenous. Simply taking agency away from the exogenous and giving it to the indigenous may seem to be a more realistic approach to overcoming the “from the deck of a ship” critique, but the issue of emphasis and privileging at the expense of “another” remains. Historians researching the non-West have tempered their previously held stance on this issue and now admit the depth and scale of influence that major exogenous civilizations (e.g., the Middle East, China, India, and the West) have had on some local cultures.
Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS‐CoV‐2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis (2020)

The PBPK model predicted tizoxanide concentrations within doses of nitazoxanide already given to humans previously. The reported dosing strategies provide a rational basis for design of clinical trials with nitazoxanide for the treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A concordant higher dose of nitazoxanide is now planned for investigation in the seamless phase I/IIa AGILE trial.
Stress Relaxation and Targeted Nutrition to Treat Patellar Tendinopathy (2018)

Patellar tendinopathy is one of the most common afflictions in jumping sports. This case study outlines the rehabilitation of a professional basketball player diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a central core patellar tendinopathy within the proximal enthesis. The player undertook a nutrition and strength-based rehabilitation program combining gelatin ingestion and heavy isometric loading of the patellar tendon designed to produce significant stress relaxation as part of their competition schedule and a whole-body training plan. On follow-up one and a half years into the program an independent orthopedic surgeon declared the tendon normal on MRI. Importantly, the improved MRI results were associated with a decrease in pain and improved performance. This case study provides evidence that a nutritional intervention combined with a rehabilitation program that uses stress relaxation can improve clinical outcomes in elite athletes.
Ewingʼs sarcoma -- functional effects of radiation therapy (1977)

Long-term morbidity was assessed in fifty-five patients with Ewing's sarcoma who survived two years or longer. Primary site, radiation dosage, and age of the patient all had an important bearing on the end result. Guidelines for treatment of the primary tumor were developed. Patients with upper-extremity lesions were generally best treated by radiotherapy. Young children and some of the older patients with lesions in the lower extremity were generally best treated by primary amputation, depending on the site of the lesion.
Closed-Loop Cognitive-Driven Gain Control of Competing Sounds Using Auditory Attention Decoding (2021)

Recent advances have shown that it is possible to identify the target speaker which a listener is attending to using single-trial EEG-based auditory attention decoding (AAD). Most AAD methods have been investigated for an open-loop scenario, where AAD is performed in an offline fashion without presenting online feedback to the listener. In this work, we aim at developing a closed-loop AAD system that allows to enhance a target speaker, suppress an interfering speaker and switch attention between both speakers. To this end, we propose a cognitive-driven adaptive gain controller (AGC) based on real-time AAD. Using the EEG responses of the listener and the speech signals of both speakers, the real-time AAD generates probabilistic attention measures, based on which the attended and the unattended speaker are identified. The AGC then amplifies the identified attended speaker and attenuates the identified unattended speaker, which are presented to the listener via loudspeakers. We investigate the performance of the proposed system in terms of the decoding performance and the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) improvement. The experimental results show that, although there is a significant delay to detect attention switches, the proposed system is able to improve the SIR between the attended and the unattended speaker. In addition, no significant difference in decoding performance is observed between closed-loop AAD and open-loop AAD. The subjective evaluation results show that the proposed closed-loop cognitive-driven system demands a similar level of cognitive effort to follow the attended speaker, to ignore the unattended speaker and to switch attention between both speakers compared to using open-loop AAD. Closed-loop AAD in an online fashion is feasible and enables the listener to interact with the AGC.
Method for stretching DNA molecules on mica surface in one direction for AFM imaging (2000)

An efficient method was developed to stretch DNA molecules on an atomically flat surface for AFM imaging. This method involves anchoring DNA molecules from their 5' ends to amino silanized mica surfaces. N-Succinimidyl6-[3'-(2-pyridyldithio) propionamido]hexanoate (LC-SPDP), a heterobifunctional cross-linker with a flexible spacer arm was used for this purpose. The immobilization process was carried out by introducing a thiol group to the 5' end of DNA by PCR. Thiolated molecules were then reacted with the cross linker to conjugate with its 2-pyridyl disulphide group via sulfhydryl exchange. The resulting complex was deposited on amino silanized mica where NHS-ester moiety of the cross linker reacted with the primary amino group on the surface. Samples were washed by a current of water and dried by an air jet in one direction parallel to the surface. DNA molecules were shown to be fully stretched in one direction on imaging them by AFM.
Time-resolved reflectivity of ion-implanted silicon during laser annealing (1978)

The time-resolved reflectivity at 0.63 μm from arsenic-implanted silicon crystals has been measured during annealing by a 1.06-μm laser pulse of 50-ns duration. The reflectivity was observed to change abruptly to the value consistent with liquid silicon and to remain at that value for a period of time which ranged from a few tens of nanoseconds to several hundreds of nanoseconds, depending on the annealing pulse intensity. Concurrently, the transmission of the primary annealing beam dropped abruptly. These observations confirm the formation of a metallic liquid phase at the crystal surface during the annealing process.
Study of the orientation of light‐sensitive tetrazonium salt in poly(vinyl alcohol) (1965)

Abstract v ( N  N ) band of the diazo or tetrazonium salt, derived from p ‐methoxyaniline, p ‐hydroxyaniline, benzidine, or o ‐dianisidine shows perpendicular dicroism in the stretched poly(vinyl alcohol) film. This means that these salts are directing their longer axes perpendicularly to the direction of the stretching. However, that of the diazonium salt from p ‐aminodiphenyl or o ‐anisidine shows no dichroism. From the above facts, it is concluded that the interactions between the polar groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) and those on the both ends of the diazo or tetrazonium salt such as diazo, methoxy, and hydroxy group result in the perpendicular orientation of the diazo or tetrazonium molecule.
Structural Control in Porous Cross-Linked Poly(methacrylate) Monoliths Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a “Pressure-Adjustable” Porogenic Solvent (2003)

The synthesis of permanently porous, highly cross-linked, poly(methacrylate) resins using supercritical CO2 is described. The pressure-adjustable solvent properties associated with supercritical fluid solvents are exploited to fine-tune the average pore size and surface area of the materials. It was found that the materials' properties varied in a discontinuous manner with respect to the CO2 pressure. A minimum in the BET surface area (and a maximum in the pore diameter) was observed at a reaction pressure of approximately 2600 psi. These trends were rationalized by the fact that the mechanisms of nucleation, aggregation, and pore formation are highly sensitive to the nature of the porogenic solvent environment.
MACiE (Mechanism, Annotation and Classification in Enzymes): novel tools for searching catalytic mechanisms (2006)

MACiE (Mechanism, Annotation and Classification in Enzymes) is a database of enzyme reaction mechanisms, and is publicly available as a web-based data resource. This paper presents the first release of a web-based search tool to explore enzyme reaction mechanisms in MACiE. We also present Version 2 of MACiE, which doubles the dataset available (from Version 1). MACiE can be accessed from http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/MACiE/
Efficient cartogram generation: a comparison (2003)

Cartograms are a well-known technique for showing geography-related statistical information, such as population demographics and epidemiological data. The basic idea is to distort a map by resizing its regions according to a statistical parameter, but in a way that keeps the map recognizable. We deal with the problem of making continuous cartograms that strictly retain the topology of the input mesh. We compare two algorithms to solve the continuous cartogram problem. The first one uses an iterative relocation of the vertices based on scanlines. The second one is based on the Gridfit technique, which uses pixel-based distortion based on a quadtree-like data structure.
Compact and ultrastable photonic microwave oscillator (2020)

Frequency comb synthesized microwaves have been so far realized with tabletop systems, operated in well-controlled environments. Here, we demonstrate state-of-the-art ultrastable microwave synthesis with a compact rack-mountable apparatus. We present absolute phase noise characterization of a 12 GHz signal using an ultrastable laser at $\sim{194}\;{\rm THz}$∼194THz and an Er:fiber comb divider, obtaining $ - {83}\;{\rm dBc/Hz}$-83dBc/Hz at 1 Hz and $ \lt - {166}\;{\rm dBc/Hz}$<-166dBc/Hz for offsets greater than 5 kHz. Employing semiconductor coating mirrors for the same type of transportable optical frequency reference, we show that $ - {105}\;{\rm dBc/Hz}$-105dBc/Hz at 1 Hz is supported by demonstrating a residual noise limit of division and detection process of $ - {115}\;{\rm dBc/Hz}$-115dBc/Hz at 1 Hz. This level of fidelity paves the way for the deployment of ultrastable photonic microwave oscillators and for operating transportable optical clocks.
Selection of a Potential Synbiotic against Cronobacter sakazakii (2022)

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can be fatal to infants; it is commonly associated with powdered infant formula due to contamination during manufacturing processes or during preparation in hospitals or homes. This project aimed to select a potential synbiotic, a combination of probiotic strains with a prebiotic product, to inhibit the growth of C. sakazakii in an in vitro dynamic infant gut model (Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem). A total of 16 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were tested for their inhibitory properties against four different C. sakazakii strains by a zone of inhibition test. Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species were able to inhibit the growth (>15-mm inhibition zones) of all C. sakazakii strains tested, and only one strain from the two genera exhibited atypical resistance to tetracycline. All C. sakazakii strains and the selected LAB strains, which inhibited C. sakazakii and did not exhibit atypical antibiotic resistance, were grown in Luria-Bertani or de Man Rogosa Sharpe broth, respectively, containing 1% dextrose or 1% commercial prebiotic (w/v) to compare their ability to metabolize the prebiotic product. Overall, based on the growth inhibition of C. sakazakii, antibiotic susceptibility, and prebiotic metabolism, 6 of the 16 LAB were chosen to be part of a potential synbiotic. This study has provided valuable information that will help with the development of a synbiotic that can be used in powdered infant formula to reduce the potential for C. sakazakii–related illnesses in infants.
Identify the critical regions and switching/failure mechanisms in non-filamentary RRAM (a-VMCO) by RTN and CVS techniques for memory window improvement (2016)

Non-filamentary RRAM is a promising technology that features self-rectifying, forming/compliance-free, tight resistance distributions at both high and low resistance states (HRS/LRS). Direct experimental evidence for its physical switching & failure mechanisms, however, is still missing, due to the lack of suitable characterization techniques. In this work, a novel method combining the random-telegraph-noise (RTN), constant-voltage-stress (CVS) and time-to-failure Weibull plot is developed to investigate these mechanisms in the non-filamentary RRAM cell based on amorphous-Si/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . For the first time, the following key advances have been achieved: i) Switching mechanism by defect profile modulation in a critical interfacial region has been identified from defect locations extracted by RTN; ii) Defect profile in this region plays a critical role in device failure, leading to different Weibull distributions during negative (LRS) and positive (HRS) CVS; iii) Progressive formation of a conductive percolation path during electrical stress is directly observed due to defect generation in addition to pre-existing defect movement; iv) Optimizing the critical interfacial region significantly improves memory window and failure margin. This provides a useful tool for advancing the non-filamentary RRAM technology.
Y-Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A time series-based approach for power management in mobile processors and disks (2004)

In this paper, we present a time series-based approach for managing power in mobile processors and disks that see multimedia workloads. Since multimedia applications impose soft real-time constraints, a key goal of our approach is to reduce energy consumption of multimedia applications without degrading performance. We present simple statistical techniques based on time series to dynamically compute the processor and I/O demands of multimedia applications and present techniques to dynamically vary the voltage settings and rotational speeds of mobile processors and disks, respectively. We implement our approaches in the Linux kernel running on a Sony Transmeta laptop and in a trace-driven simulator. Our experiments show that, compared to the traditional system-wide CPU voltage scaling approaches, our technique can achieve up to a 38.6% energy saving while delivering good performance to applications. Simulation results for our disk power management technique show a 20.3% reduction in energy consumption without any significant performance loss when compared to a traditional disk power management scheme.
Correction to Impact of Lipophilic Efficiency on Compound Quality (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Impact of Lipophilic Efficiency on Compound QualityÁkos Tarcsay, Kinga Nyíri, and György M. Keserű*Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2013, 56, 7, 3120Publication Date (Web):March 20, 2013Publication History Published online20 March 2013Published inissue 11 April 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm4003236https://doi.org/10.1021/jm4003236correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1029Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (115 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An Essay on Price Discrimination (1989)

Abstract The modern theory of price discrimination began with the work of Pigou (1920). Joan Robinson devoted two chapters of her book The Economics of Imperfect Competition (1969) to the problem of (‘third degree’) price discrimination. Her account examines the conditions that make price discrimination possible, presents a graphical analysis of the discriminating monopolist’s pricing decision which has become the standard textbook treatment, and ends with an inquiry into the consequences of price discrimination for both allocative efficiency and distributional equity. Although Pigou’s and Robinson’s contributions have proved of lasting value, the theory of price discrimination has by no means remained unaltered.1
12-GHz-Bandwidth SBS Slow Light in Optical Fibers (2006)

We increased the bandwidth of SBS slow light in an optical fiber to 12.6 GHz. We delayed 75-ps pulses by up to 47 ps and studied the data pattern dependence of the broadband SBS slow-light system.
Management of comatose head‐injured patients: are we getting any better? (2001)

This re-survey of neurosurgical centres was conducted to determine whether the publication of management guidelines has resulted in changes in the intensive care management of severely head-injured patients (defined as Glasgow Coma Score < 9) in the UK and Ireland. Results were compared with data collected from a similar survey conducted 2 years earlier. Almost 75% of centres monitor intracranial pressure in the majority of patients and 80% now set a target cerebral perfusion pressure of > 70 mmHg. The use of prolonged hyperventilation (> 12 h) is declining and the target PaCO2 is now most commonly > 4 kPa. More centres maintain core temperature < 36.5 degrees C. Although wide variations in the management of severely head-injured patients still exist, we found evidence of practice changing to comply with published guidelines.