gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Host Factors to Circumvent Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance (2012)

The most common treatments for infectious diseases target the invading pathogen. The efficacy of such an approach may, however, be countered by the possibility of the development of resistance to a pharmacophore, through mutation(s) in pathogen molecules required for activity. Given the fact that pathogens exploit host factors in order to grow in an otherwise hostile environment, one possible way to circumvent the emergence of resistance is to develop drugs that target non-essential host factors hijacked by the pathogen, rather than the pathogen’s own molecules. Such solutions are already being developed for various viral and bacterial pathogens, but much less has been achieved with infections caused by protozoan parasites, as is the case of Plasmodium. Here, we highlight recent progress in host target-based anti-viral and anti-bacterial approaches and discuss possible host targets that may be used for anti-malarial interventions. Host molecules that play a role during either the liver or the blood stage of Plasmodium infection are outlined and their potential merits as anti-malarial targets are discussed. Keywords: Malaria, Plasmodium, host factors, host targets, hepatitis C virus, liver-stage, blood-stage, drug resistance
Large Scale Production of Hydrogen Using Nuclear Reactors. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
MetAP2 inhibitor treatment of high-fat and -fructose-fed dogs: impact on the response to oral glucose ingestion and a hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemic clamp (2020)

We examined the methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor fumagillin in dogs consuming a high-fat and -fructose diet (HFFD). In pilot studies (3 dogs that had consumed HFFD for 3 yr), 8 wk of daily treatment with fumagillin reduced food intake 29%, weight 6%, and the glycemic excursion during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 44%. A second group of dogs consumed the HFFD for 17 wk: pretreatment (<i>weeks 0-4</i>), treatment with fumagillin (FUM; <i>n</i> = 6), or no drug (Control, <i>n</i> = 8) (<i>weeks 4-12</i>), washout period (<i>weeks 12-16</i>), and fumagillin or no drug for 1 wk (<i>week 17</i>). OGTTs were performed at 0, 4, 11, and 16 wk. A hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemic clamp was performed in <i>week 12</i>; 4 chow-fed dogs underwent identical clamps. Kilocalories per day intake during the treatment period was 2,067 ± 50 (Control) versus 1,824 ± 202 (FUM). Body weights (kg) increased 1.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.7 ± 0.8 (0-4 wk) and 1.2 ± 0.2 vs. -0.02 ± 0.9 (4-12 wk) in Control versus fumagillin. The OGTT glycemic response was 30% greater in Control versus fumagillin at 11 wk. Net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU; mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>) in the Chow, Control, and fumagillin dogs was ~1.5 ± 0.6, -0.1 ± 0.1, and 0.3 ± 0.4 (with no portal glucose infusion) and 3.1 ± 0.6, 0.5 ± 0.3, and 1.5 ± 0.5 (portal glucose infusion at 4 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup>), respectively. Fumagillin improved glucose tolerance and NHGU in HFFD dogs, suggesting methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitors have the potential for improving glycemic control in prediabetes and diabetes.
Problem Statement Regarding IPv6 Address Usage (2019)

This document analyzes the security and privacy implications of IPv6
addresses based on a number of properties (such as address scope,
stability, and usage type), and identifies gaps that currently prevent
systems and applications from leveraging the increased flexibility and
availability of IPv6 addresses.
Structural basis for extracellular interactions between calcitonin receptor‐like receptor and receptor activity‐modifying protein 2 for adrenomedullin‐specific binding (2011)

The calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), a class B GPCR, forms a heterodimer with receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2), and serves as the adrenomedullin (AM) receptor to control neovascularization, while CRLR and RAMP1 form the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor. Here, we report the crystal structures of the RAMP2 extracellular domain alone and in the complex with the CRLR extracellular domain. The CRLR-RAMP2 complex exhibits several intermolecular interactions that were not observed in the previously reported CRLR-RAMP1 complex, and thus the shape of the putative ligand-binding pocket of CRLR-RAMP2 is distinct from that of CRLR-RAMP1. The CRLR-RAMP2 interactions were confirmed for the full-length proteins on the cell surface by site-specific photo-crosslinking. Mutagenesis revealed that AM binding requires RAMP2 residues that are not conserved in RAMP1. Therefore, the differences in both the shapes and the key residues of the binding pocket are essential for the ligand specificity.
Minipatch Learning as Implicit Ridge-Like Regularization (2021)

Ridge-like regularization often leads to improved generalization performance of machine learning models by mitigating overfitting. While ridge-regularized machine learning methods are widely used in many important applications, direct training via optimization could become challenging in huge data scenarios with millions of examples and features. We tackle such challenges by proposing a general approach that achieves ridge-like regularization through implicit techniques named Minipatch Ridge (MPRidge). Our approach is based on taking an ensemble of coefficients of unregularized learners trained on many tiny, random subsamples of both the examples and features of the training data, which we call minipatches. We empirically demonstrate that MPRidge induces an implicit ridge-like regularizing effect and performs nearly the same as explicit ridge regularization for a general class of predictors including logistic regression, SVM, and robust regression. Embarrassingly parallelizable, MPRidge provides a computationally appealing alternative to inducing ridge-like regularization for improving generalization performance in challenging big-data settings.
Study on cell culture processing system to improve task efficiency (2018)

In the field of regenerative medicine, cell processing operation mostly depends on manpower. The operation requires a large amount of labor and cost, and its efficiency is desired to be improved. Recently, automatic cell culture apparatus equipped with a vertical articulated robot have been proposed. However, automating all tasks complicates the system constitution. The purpose of this study is to develop a simple and rational cell processing system by combining tasks of a robot and a human. In this paper, focusing on a media change process, we show results of an efficiency improvement of injecting task of culture media using a robot arm.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Heparin and Peptide-Polyethylene Glycol Conjugates to Form Hybrid Nanothin Films of Biomatrices (2018)

We investigated the utility of a heparin/peptide-polyethylene glycol conjugate system to build layer-by-layer (LbL) structures, to assemble tailored multilayer-biomatrices for cell culture. The LbL assembly balances the advantages of polyelectrolyte systems and protein-based systems. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed distinct responses to the film thickness and structure; the presence, density, and spatial arrangement of a cell adhesion ligand within the nanothin film; and the pretreatment of the film with morphogens. The LbL technique presents a versatile tool for modifying cell culture substrates with defined and diverse biochemical and structural features, for investigating cell-material interactions.
ADC post-compensation using a Hammerstein model (2009)

In this work, a scheme for the calibration of an ADC model is presented, as well as the process of identification of the compensation block. The model proposed for this compensation block is a Hammerstein box model whose parameters are estimated in a non iterative fashion. A Hammerstein model is composed of a static nonlinearity followed by a linear time invariant (LTI) filter. This model is then to be added at the output of the ADC to obtain the corrected value of the ADC output word. A performance analysis is carried out in terms of the mean squared error (MSE) to determine both the length of the linear part of the Hammerstein model and the order needed for the polynomial nonlinearity used. Also, the Bit Error Rate (BER) is calculated before and after compensation to measure the improvement achieved.
On the role of knowledge graphs in explainable AI (2019)

The current hype of Artificial Intelligence (AI) mostly refers to the success of machine learning and its sub-domain of deep learning. However, AI is also about other areas, such as Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, or Distributed AI, i.e., areas that need to be combined to reach the level of intelligence initially envisioned in the 1950s. Explainable AI (XAI) now refers to the core backup for industry to apply AI in products at scale, particularly for industries operating with critical systems. This paper reviews XAI not only from a Machine Learning perspective, but also from the other AI research areas, such as AI Planning or Constraint Satisfaction and Search. We expose the XAI challenges of AI fields, their existing approaches, limitations and opportunities for Knowledge Graphs and their underlying technologies.
D614G Mutation Alters SARS-CoV-2 Spike Conformation and Enhances Protease Cleavage at the S1/S2 Junction (2020)

The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein is the target of vaccine design efforts to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite a low mutation rate, isolates with the D614G substitution in the S protein appeared early during the pandemic and are now the dominant form worldwide. Here, we explore S conformational changes and the effects of the D614G mutation on a soluble S ectodomain construct. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures reveal altered receptor binding domain (RBD) disposition; antigenicity and proteolysis experiments reveal structural changes and enhanced furin cleavage efficiency of the G614 variant. Furthermore, furin cleavage alters the up/down ratio of the RBDs in the G614 S ectodomain, demonstrating an allosteric effect on RBD positioning triggered by changes in the SD2 region, which harbors residue 614 and the furin cleavage site. Our results elucidate SARS-CoV-2 S conformational landscape and allostery and have implications for vaccine design.
Modeling of Spur and Helical Gear Planetary Drives With Flexible Ring Gears and Planet Carriers (2006)

Abstract A model is presented which enables the simulation of the three-dimensional static and dynamic behavior of planetary/epicyclic spur and helical gears with deformable parts. The contributions of the deflections of the ring gear and the carrier are introduced via substructures derived from 3D finite element models. Based on a modal condensation technique, internal gear elements are defined by connecting the ring-gear substructure and a planet lumped parameter model via elastic foundations which account for tooth contacts. Discrete mesh stiffness and equivalent normal deviations are introduced along the contact lines, and their values are recalculated as the mating flank positions vary with time. A constraint mode substructuring technique is used to simulate the planet carrier as a superelement which is connected to the planet center. Planetary/epicyclic gear models are completed by assembling lumped parameter sun gear/planet elements along with shaft elements, lumped stiffness, masses and inertias. The corresponding equations of motion are solved by combining a time-step integration scheme and a contact algorithm for all simultaneous meshes. Several quasistatic and dynamic results are given which illustrate the potential of the proposed hybrid model and the interest of taking into account ring gear and carrier deflections.
Control of T helper 2 cell function and allergic airway inflammation by PKCζ (2005)

Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation in which T helper (Th) 2 cells play a critical role. The molecular mechanisms controlling Th2 differentiation and function are of paramount importance in biology and immunology. PKCzeta has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis and NF-kappaB, as well as in the control of T-dependent responses, although no defects were detected in naïve T cells from PKCzeta-/- mice. Here, we report that PKCzeta is critical for IL-4 signaling and Th2 differentiation. Thus, PKCzeta levels are increased during Th2 differentiation, but not Th1 differentiation, of CD4+ T cells, and the loss of PKCzeta impairs the secretion of Th2 cytokines in vitro and in vivo, as well as the nuclear translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 and Jak1 activation, essential downstream targets of IL-4 signaling. Moreover, PKCzeta-/- mice display dramatic inhibition of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease, strongly suggesting that PKCzeta can be a therapeutic target in asthma.
Increasing Resolution of Multi-Spectral Mosaic-Array Cameras (2015)

We present approaches to spatial resolution recovery of multi-spectral mosaic-array sensors based on pixel size filter arrays. Resolution enhancement is demonstrated using imagery collected with 9-band SWIR full motion video camera.
Massive Respiratory Dysfunction as Sign of Fulminant Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) (2012)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare, pregnancy-induced disease and requires an interdisciplinary approach for diagnostics and therapeutical treatment.
LibGuides. Database Guides. Joanna Briggs Institute. (2012)

Information about using the various databases in the A-Z Online Resources, A guide to searching and using the Joanna Briggs Institute (evidence based medicine)
Mitigating lower layer failures with adaptive system reconfiguration (2012)

Future terascale systems based on sub-22nm technologies will show significant variability and reliability challenges from the transistor to the circuit level. On this upcoming scenario, a reliable system must be built on top of unreliable components, which will degrade and even fail during the normal lifetime of the chip. To achieve this target, we present a high-level reconfiguration approach for future heterogeneous systems that mitigates the possible lower layer shortcomings and adapts the processor to the user's requirements.
Deep‐Red‐Emitting Colloidal Quantum Well Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled through a Complex Design of Core/Crown/Double Shell Heterostructure (2021)

Extending the emission peak wavelength of quasi-2D colloidal quantum wells has been an important quest to fully exploit the potential of these materials, which has not been possible due to the complications arising from the partial dissolution and recrystallization during growth to date. Here, the synthetic pathway of (CdSe/CdS)@(1-4 CdS/CdZnS) (core/crown)@(colloidal atomic layer deposition shell/hot injection shell) hetero-nanoplatelets (NPLs) using multiple techniques, which together enable highly efficient emission beyond 700 nm in the deep-red region, is proposed and demonstrated. Given the challenges of using conventional hot injection procedure, a method that allows to obtain sufficiently thick and passivated NPLs as the seeds is developed. Consequently, through the final hot injection shell coating, thick NPLs with superior optical properties including a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 88% are achieved. These NPLs emitting at 701 nm exhibit a full-width-at-half-maximum of 26 nm, enabled by the successfully maintained quasi-2D shape and minimum defects of the resulting heterostructure. The deep-red light-emitting diode (LED) device fabricated with these NPLs has shown to yield a high external quantum efficiency of 6.8% at 701 nm, which is on par with other types of LEDs in this spectral range.
Analysis of Optimum Sheet Resisitance for Integrated Electromagnetic Noise Suppressor (2006)

The article discusses the physical nature of the optimum sheet resistance for the integrated electromagnetic noise suppressor. The system is a microstrip-line with Co-Al-O granular soft magnetic film on top of the signal line. Experimental result shows that there is an optimum sheet resistance which maximize the loss generation at the magnetic materials portion. Loss generation can be maximized by combining maximum eddy current losses and FMR losses.
MMSE receiver filter for CDMA1xEV-DV (2004)

In this paper, we first analyze the performance loss due to the waveform shaping filter specified by the 3GPP2. Analysis and simulation results show that there is significant SNR penalty which was not usually considered in the previous system. Then we propose the MMSE receiver filter which is designed to eliminate remaining interference and satisfy the FCC mask rule at the same time. Both the analysis and simulation results show that most of the SNR penalty can be eliminated.
额定电流超过2000A的下一代3300V BIGT HiPak模块 (2010)

本文闸述一种被称作双模式绝缘栅晶体管（Bimode Insulated Gate Transistor，缩写为BIGT）的所采用的逆导IGBT概念在实用化方面的进展。介绍了一种采用BIGT技术制造的额定电流超过2000A的3300VHiPak模块，给出了静态、动态特性的测试结果以及棚关参数，这反映出采用新技术后器件的基本性能将要达到的水平。本文还涉及器件的安全工作区、软度、可靠性等其他方面的性能，测试时的结温最高达到150℃。此外，首次给出丁在硬开关频率条件下的BIGT的性能。
An Efficient Linux Kernel Implementation of Service Function Chaining\n for legacy VNFs based on IPv6 Segment Routing (2019)

We consider the IPv6 Segment Routing (SRv6) technology for Service Function\nChaining of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). Most of the VNFs are legacy VNFs\n(not aware of the SRv6 technology) and expect to process traditional IP\npackets. An SR proxy is needed to support them. We have extended the\nimplementation of SRv6 in the Linux kernel, realizing an SR-proxy, referred to\nas SRNK (SR-Proxy Native Kernel). The performance of the proposed solution\n(SRNKv1) has been evaluated, identifying a poor scalability with respect to the\nnumber of VNFs to be supported in a node. Therefore we provided a second design\n(SRNKv2), enhancing the Linux Policy Routing framework. The performance of\nSRNKv2 is independent from the number of supported VNFs in a node. We compared\nthe performance of SRNKv2 with a reference scenario not performing the\nencapsulation and decapsulation operation and demonstrated that the overhead of\nSRNKv2 is very small, on the order of 3.5%.\n
Seeding of an eleven femtosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier and its Nd/sup 3+/ picosecond pump laser from a single broadband Ti:Sapphire oscillator (2006)

We demonstrate direct simultaneous seeding of a few-cycle optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) in the 700-1000-nm spectral range, and of a Nd:YLF amplifier emitting 30-ps pulses at 1053 nm by use of a chirped-mirror 6-fs Ti:sapphire oscillator. This approach of employing a single master oscillator to drive two power amplifiers simplifies the pump laser design and is applied to eliminate the timing jitter between the seed and the pump pulses in the OPCPA chain. We show that 10 mJ fundamental picosecond pump pulses with the intensity contrast in excess of 10/sup 4/ relative to the nanosecond Q-switched background can be achieved with the seed intensity available in the edge of the oscillator spectrum around 1053 nm. Cross-correlation measurements between the picosecond pump and femtosecond oscillator pulses reveal no traceable timing jitter between the OPCPA pump and seed pulses. The estimated long-term jitter of 0.3 ps is attributed to the thermal expansion of the cavity of the Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier.
Lithium and Lithium Compounds (2014)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. History 2. Properties 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 3. Occurrence 3.1. Important Lithium Minerals 3.1.1. Lithium Aluminum Silicates 3.1.2. Micas 3.1.3. Lithium Phosphates 3.1.4. Lithium Boron Silicates 3.1.5. Other Lithium Ores 3.2. Lithium Resources and Reserves 3.2.1. Resources in Minerals 3.2.2. Resources in Continental Brines 4. Process Technology 4.1. Concentrate Production 4.2. Mineral Conversion 4.2.1. Acid‐Roast Conversion 4.2.2. Lime‐Roast Conversion 4.2.3. Ion‐Exchange Processes 4.2.4. Clay Roasting Process 4.3. Brine Purification and Concentration 4.4. Lithium Carbonate Production from Brine Concentrate 5. Lithium Metal and Lithium Alloys 5.1. Production of Lithium Metal 5.2. Uses of Lithium Metal 5.3. Lithium Alloys 6. Lithium Compounds 6.1. Inorganic Lithium Compounds and Lithium Salts 6.2. Organolithium Compounds, Lithium Alkylamides, and Lithium Alkoxides 7. Quality Specifications and Analysis 8. Recycling 9. Economic Aspects 10. Toxicology and Occupational Health
Finite Rate Feedback for Spatially and Temporally Correlated MISO Channels in the Presence of Estimation Errors and Feedback Delay (2007)

In this paper, the problem of finite-rate feedback for spatially and temporally correlated Rayleigh fading multiple input single output (MISO) channels with estimation errors at the receiver and feedback delay is addressed. A model that captures estimation errors, feedback delay, and finite-rate quantization of the channel is developed. A novel codebook design algorithm that minimizes the loss in ergodic capacity is proposed. Simulation results show that the new codebook designed under the consideration of estimation errors and feedback delay outperforms the codebook designed assuming ideal conditions. Analysis for the loss in ergodic capacity for spatially i.i.d channels with channel estimation errors and delay (EED) is presented and validated through simulations.
Multimode EDFA Designs with Reduced MDG by Considering Spatially Dependent Saturation Effects (2018)

We propose a spatial gain equalization strategy for multimode EDFAs which considers transversally non-uniform saturation. Characteristic minima of the MDG are observed along the fiber. The fiber length is adjusted to achieve low MDG.
16S rRNA amplicon sequencing identifies microbiota associated with oral cancer, human papilloma virus infection and surgical treatment (2016)

Systemic inflammatory events and localized disease, mediated by the microbiome, may be measured in saliva as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnostic and prognostic biomonitors. We used a 16S rRNA V3-V5 marker gene approach to compare the saliva microbiome in DNA isolated from Oropharyngeal (OPSCC), Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) patients and normal epithelium controls, to characterize the HNSCC saliva microbiota and examine their abundance before and after surgical resection.The analyses identified a predominance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, with less frequent presence of Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria before surgery. At lower taxonomic levels, the most abundant genera were Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus and Veillonella, with lower numbers of Citrobacter and Neisseraceae genus Kingella. HNSCC patients had a significant loss in richness and diversity of microbiota species (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Overall, the Operational Taxonomic Units network shows that the relative abundance of OTU's within genus Streptococcus, Dialister, and Veillonella can be used to discriminate tumor from control samples (p<0.05). Tumor samples lost Neisseria, Aggregatibacter (Proteobacteria), Haemophillus (Firmicutes) and Leptotrichia (Fusobacteria). Paired taxa within family Enterobacteriaceae, together with genus Oribacterium, distinguish OCSCC samples from OPSCC and normal samples (p<0.05). Similarly, only HPV positive samples have an abundance of genus Gemellaceae and Leuconostoc (p<0.05). Longitudinal analyses of samples taken before and after surgery, revealed a reduction in the alpha diversity measure after surgery, together with an increase of this measure in patients that recurred (p<0.05). These results suggest that microbiota may be used as HNSCC diagnostic and prognostic biomonitors.